bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Green and Scalable Synthesis of 1-Amino Anthraquinone
Authors: Lu Bin , Yan Yi-Yu , Qiu Yong-Fu , Zhang Tian-Li , Qi Shi , Tian Jian-Hua , Luo Wan-Yue , Hu Xiao , Wang Jin 
Published: July 2019

1-amino anthraquinone (2) is the most important intermediate in the synthesis of acid dyes. This paper presents a new method for the preparation of title compound (2) in a highly chemo- and regioselective reduction of 1-nitro anthraquinone (1) by NaHS in water under mild conditions. This protocol is clean, operationally simple, easy work-up and could be applied in the industrial production.
Graphical_Abstract
Potential of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) and the Effectiveness of Some Organic Amendments in Remediation of Petroleum Oil-Vitiated Soils of an Automobile Repair Workshop in Urbanite Kampala
Authors: Omara Timothy , Adupa Eddie , Laker Fortunate , Kalukusu Raymond , Owori Tom 
Published: July 2019

Aims: To determine the potential of sweet sorghum (Epuripur 1995) and the effect of organic biostimulators: NPK fertilizer, cow dung and sewage sludge in remediation of petroleum oil-adulterated soils from a garage in Kampala Metropolis, Uganda.
Place and Duration of Study: The contaminated soils were obtained from New Katanga Boys automobile repair workshop in Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda. Experiments were conducted between September 2018 to November 2018 at Department of Food Processing Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Methodology: 50 kg of petroleum oil-contaminated soils were collected from the garage and divided into 5 kg portions; four portions were potted with four sorghum grains with three subjected to 5% w/w amendment using NPK fertilizer, cow dung and sewage sludge under normal growth conditions for 72 days. Representative soil samples were collected from spots at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm from the potted soils and subjected to Soxhlet extraction. Growth parameters (leaf surface area, root mass and mass of sorghum heads) of the potted plants were measured.
Results: The sorghum plants grew normally and survived in the petroleum-contaminated soils. Sorghum potted in contaminated soil without any amendment did not flower. Amendment of the vitiated soils with NPK fertilizer, cow dung and sewage sludge biostimulated the phytoremediation capacity of sorghum by 9.1%, 12.5% and 6.3% respectively.
Conclusion: Addition of cow dung to spent-oil contaminated soils could make such soils fully re-established for agricultural activities. Further research should assess the chemical properties of the investigated vitiated soils and the effectiveness of other biostimulants such as vermicompost in biostimulating phytoremediation by Sorghum bicolor. The potential of other cereals such as corn, barley, rye and millet in phytoremediation of petroleum-adulterated soils should be investigated.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis of Stem Bark Extracts of African Mistletoe Parasitic on Vitellaria paradoxa, Piliostigma thonningii and Combretum fragrans
Authors: Cyprian T. Agber , Sewuese Shaakaa , Akacha Linus U. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: Mistletoes are highly utilized in traditional medicine to treat different kinds of diseases such as heart diseases, diabetes and malaria, among others. The chemistry of African mistletoe is not sufficiently documented. This paper is therefore, aimed at determining the phytochemicals present in the crude extracts of mistletoe parasitic on plants that are commonly seen as hosts.
Study Design: This study was designed to compare the phytochemical profiles of mistletoe stem barks obtained from different plant hosts.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria, between August and September, 2018.
Methodology: Powdered stem bark of mistletoe was extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the extracts. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel precoated plates in 9:1 (hexane/ethyl acetate), 1:1 (hexane/ethyl acetate), and 7:3 (ethyl acetate/methanol) mobile phases for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively.
Results: The study revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins/phenols, cardiac glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids. It was evident from TLC analysis that mistletoes from various plant hosts contain similar chemical profile.
Conclusion: We therefore debunk the claim by some herbalists that medicinal values of mistletoes vary due to host plant. This is the first time a study of this kind is reported on mistletoe parasitic on Vitellaria paradoxa Pilostigma thonningii, Combretum fragrans.
Adsorption of Cr6+ Onto Unmodified and Hydrochloric Acid Modified African Nutmeg Pod (Monodora myristica) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Okwunodulu F. U. , Chukwuemeka-Okorie H. O. , Mgbemena N. M. , Kalu J. B. I. 
Published: July 2019

The removal of Cr6+ from aqueous solution using unmodified and hydrochloric modified African nutmeg pod was studied. The effects of particle size, pH and initial metal ions concentration adsorbed were investigated. The amount of metal ion adsorbed increased as the initial metal ion concentration increased and also decreased at low pH of 2 for both modified and unmodified African nutmeg pod. 400 µm and 250 µm were the optimum particle sizes for both modified and unmodified African nutmeg pod respectively, values given as 75.8 mg/g for the modified and 93.39 mg/g for the unmodified. Generally, it was observed that the unmodified African nutmeg pod showed greater adsorption capacity than the modified African nutmeg pod. The equilibrium experimental data were examined via Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit for the data in both unmodified and modified African nutmeg pod based on the correlation coefficients (R2 values) gotten. The results of the study showed that the African nutmeg pod is efficient for the removal of Cr6+ from aqueous solutions especially when unmodified.
Early ictal recruitment of midline thalamus in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Romeo Andrew , Issa Roach Alexandra T. , Toth Emilia , Chaitanya Ganne , Ilyas Adeel , Riley Kristen O. , Pati Sandipan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe causal role of midline thalamus in the initiation and early organization of mesial temporal lobe seizures is studied. Three patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography were enrolled for the placement of an additional depth electrode targeting the midline thalamus. The midline thalamus was recruited in all three patients at varying points of seizure initiation (0–13 sec) and propagation (9–60 sec). Stimulation of either thalamus or hippocampus induced similar habitual seizures. Seizure‐induced in the hippocampus rapidly recruited the thalamus. Evoked potentials demonstrated stronger connectivity from the hippocampus to the thalamus than in the opposite direction. The midline thalamus can be within the seizure initiation and symptomatogenic circuits.
Polycrystalline Advanced Microporous Framework Membranes for Efficient Separation of Small Molecules and Ions
Authors: Hou Jue , Zhang Huacheng , Simon George P. , Wang Huanting 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdvanced porous framework membranes with excellent selectivity and high permeability of small molecules and ions are highly desirable for many important industrial separation applications. There has been significant progress in the fabrication of polycrystalline microporous framework membranes (PMFMs) in recent years, such as metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework membranes. These membranes possess small pore sizes, which are comparable to the kinetic diameter of small molecules and ions on the angstrom scale, very low thickness, down to tens to hundreds of nanometers, highly oriented crystalline structures, hybrid membrane structures, and specific functional groups for enhancing membrane selectivity and permeability. Recent advances in the fabrication methods of advanced PMFMs are summarized. Following this, four emerging separation applications of these advanced microporous framework membranes, including gas separation, water desalination, ion separation, and chiral separation, are highlighted and discussed in detail. Finally, a summary and some perspectives of future developments and challenges in this exciting research field are presented.
Improvement of Low‐Temperature zT in a Mg3Sb2–Mg3Bi2 Solid Solution via Mg‐Vapor Annealing
Authors: Wood Maxwell , Kuo Jimmy Jiahong , Imasato Kazuki , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaterials with high zT over a wide temperature range are essential for thermoelectric applications. n‐Type Mg3Sb2‐based compounds have been shown to achieve high zT at 700 K, but their performance at low temperatures (<500 K) is compromised due to their highly resistive grain boundaries. Syntheses and optimization processes to mitigate this grain‐boundary effect has been limited due to loss of Mg, which hinders a sample's n‐type dopability. A Mg‐vapor anneal processing step that grows a sample's grain size and preserves its n‐type carrier concentration during annealing is demonstrated. The electrical conductivity and mobility of the samples with large grain size follows a phonon‐scattering‐dominated T−3/2 trend over a large temperature range, further supporting the conclusion that the temperature‐activated mobility in Mg3Sb2‐based materials is caused by resistive grain boundaries. The measured Hall mobility of electrons reaches 170 cm2 V−1 s−1 in annealed 800 °C sintered Mg3 + δSb1.49Bi0.5Te0.01, the highest ever reported for Mg3Sb2‐based thermoelectric materials. In particular, a sample with grain size >30 mm has a zT 0.8 at 300 K, which is comparable to commercial thermoelectric materials used at room temperature (n‐type Bi2Te3) while reaching zT 1.4 at 700 K, allowing applications over a wider temperature scale.
Conjuncted Pyro‐Piezoelectric Effect for Self‐Powered Simultaneous Temperature and Pressure Sensing
Authors: Song Kai , Zhao Rudai , Wang Zhong Lin , Yang Ya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFerroelectric materials use both the pyroelectric effect and piezoelectric effect for energy conversion. A ferroelectric BaTiO3‐based pyro‐piezoelectric sensor system is demonstrated to detect temperature and pressure simultaneously. The voltage signal of the device is found to enhance with increasing temperature difference with a sensitivity of about 0.048 V °C−1 and with applied pressure with a sensitivity of about 0.044 V kPa−1. Moreover, no interference appears in the output voltage signals when piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity are conjuncted in the device. A novel 4 × 4 array sensor system is developed to sense real‐time temperature and pressure variations induced by a finger. This system has potential applications in machine intelligence and man–machine interaction.
Extraordinary n‐Type Mg3SbBi Thermoelectrics Enabled by Yttrium Doping
Authors: Shi Xuemin , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Xinyue , Sun Cheng , Chen Zhiwei , Lin Siqi , Li Wen , Gu Hui , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdvancing thermoelectric n‐type Mg3Sb2 alloys requires both high carrier concentration offered by effective doping and high carrier mobility enabled by large grains. Existing research usually involves chalcogen doping on the anion sites, and the resultant carrier concentration reaches ≈3 × 1019 cm−3 or below. This is much lower than the optimum theoretically predicted, which suggets that further improvements will be possible once a highly efficient dopant is found. Yttrium, a trivalent dopant, is shown to enable carrier concentrations up to and above ≈1 × 1020 cm−3 when it is doped on the cation site. Such carrier concentration allows for in‐depth understand of the electronic transport properties over a broad range of carrier concentrations, based on a single parabolic band approximation. As well as reasonably high carrier mobility in coarse‐grain materials sintered by hot deforming and fusing of large pieces of ingots synthesized by melting, higher thermoelectric performance than earlier experimentally reported for n‐type Mg3Sb2 is found. In particular, the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, is even higher than that of any known n‐type thermoelectric, including Bi2Te3 alloys, within 300–500 K. This might pave the way for Mg3Sb2 alloys to become a realistic material for n‐type thermoelectrics for sustainable applications.
Strain‐Isolation Bridge Structure to Improve Stretchability of Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Yangchengyi , Fan Hanghai , Li Kan , Zhao Nie , Chen Shangda , Ma Yinji , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wang Xiufeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasing interests of stretchable strain sensors due to their important applications in skin electronics, soft robotics, and wearable systems require the capability of detecting subtle strain and large stretched deformation, but this remains a challenge. A new strategy based on a simple bridge‐like structure design, replacing previous sophisticated mechanics designs or advanced low‐dimension materials (carbon‐nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires etc.), is demonstrated to disperse the applied strain effectively and prevent the conductive layer from unexpected destruction; thus the obtained graphite sensor increases its stretchability up to 123% while maintaining its high gauge factors more than 1000. This strain isolation effect as the underlying mechanism is verified by both experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, a biaxial bridge strain sensor with reconstructed crack‐network, fabricated by a simple multistep prestretching method, shows an isotropic strain sensing behavior that has potential applications on detecting complex human motions. The proposed strategy can be easily extended to other conductive materials and stretchable substrates, which can thus serve as a new facile yet efficient way for high‐performance wearable electronics.
A Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Self‐Powered Sensor for a Soft–Rigid Hybrid Actuator
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Baodong , Han Kai , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators are a promising technology for use in self‐powered sensors, which take advantage of multiple choices of materials and high response to low‐frequency triggering. Here, a conductive sponge/porous silicone‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (SS‐TENG) is demonstrated as a tactile sensor for a hybrid actuator. To fabricate the SS‐TENGs, liquid silicone and ethanol are mixed well and then infiltrated inside a conductive sponge. When heated, the ethanol evaporates from the silicone, leaving plenty of empty pores. Every pore supplies the contact and separation space for the conductive sponge and silicone to form a micro TENG, and the whole bulk makes up the SS‐TENG. When deformed, the SS‐TENG outputs electric signals. The open‐circuit voltage linearly increases from 3.9 to 17 V as the force increases from 2.9 to 9.9 N. In addition, when touched, the electric signals generated by SS‐TENGs can differentiate the corresponding objects. Finally, the SS‐TENGs are integrated with a soft–rigid hybrid actuator to form a bionic skeleton–muscle–skin hybrid gripper. The gripper can catch different objects and feedback electric signals, which show great potential for use in bionic robots.
Direct Wide Bandgap 2D GeSe2 Monolayer toward Anisotropic UV Photodetection
Authors: Yan Yong , Xiong Wenqi , Li Shasha , Zhao Kai , Wang Xiaoting , Su Jian , Song Xiaohui , Li Xueping , Zhang Shuai , Yang Huai , Liu Xinfeng , Jiang Lang , Zhai Tianyou , Xia Congxin , Li Jingbo , Wei Zhongming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs an important 2D layered metal dichalcogenide, germanium diselenide (GeSe2) with a direct wide bandgap is attracting increasing attention for its potential applications in ultraviolet (UV) detection. However, only few‐layer GeSe2 has been reported to date. Here, a joint theoretical–experimental study on the optical and electronic properties of monolayer GeSe2 is presented, and monolayer GeSe2 is shown to have a direct wide bandgap of 2.96 eV. Consequently, monolayer GeSe2 does not respond to a major fraction of the visible spectrum. Notably, the photofield effect transistors based on the GeSe2 monolayer show p‐type behavior, high responsivity, superior detectivity, and a fast response time, competitive with state‐of‐the‐art UV detectors. In addition to the excellent photoresponse properties, 2D GeSe2 crystals also exhibit perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism and polarized photodetection under wavelength modulation. Theoretical calculations of the band structure are used to shed light on these experimental results. The findings suggest that 2D GeSe2 is a promising candidate for highly selective polarization‐sensitive UV detection.
Biosystems design by directed evolution
Authors: Wang Yajie , Yu Xiaowei , Zhao Huimin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThrough iterative rounds of genetic diversification and screening or selection, directed evolution has been widely used to engineer relatively simple biosystems such as nucleic acids and proteins with desired functions. In addition, directed evolution has played an important role in engineering more complex biosystems such as pathways and genomes. Since 2013, directed evolution has been further explored for biosystems design with numerous newly developed techniques that have enabled design and engineering of proteins, pathways, and genomes in a much more effective manner. In this review, we will highlight the abiotic biotransformations arisen from directed evolution and novel strategies for continuous evolution in vivo and ultrahigh‐throughput screening. We will also discuss the future challenges and opportunities of applying directed evolution for biosystems design.
Impact of consolidation therapy post autologous stem cell transplant in patients with light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Al Saleh Abdullah S. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Sidana Surbhi , Muchtar Eli , Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Lacy Martha Q. , Warsame Rahma M. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Hogan William J. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Wolf Robert C. , Kapoor Prashant , Buadi Francis K. , Kumar Shaji K. , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of consolidation post autologous stem cell transplant in light chain amyloidosis is not well defined. We retrospectively identified patients who had light chain amyloidosis and underwent autologous stem cell transplant at the Mayo Clinic. Consolidation was defined as any treatment given after the day 100 evaluation post‐transplant to maintain or deepen the response. We identified 471 patients, of whom 72 (15%) received consolidation. Patients receiving consolidation had more advanced disease (Mayo 2012 stage ≥II in 67% vs 52%, P = .02), and had lower day 100 response rates (very good partial response or better: 35% vs 84%, P < .001). After consolidation, rates of very good partial response improved from 24% to 28%, and rates of complete response improved from 11% to 40%. Patients with less than very good partial response who received consolidation, had better progression‐free survival (median of 22.4 vs 8.8 months, P < .001), and the benefit was greater in those who deepened their response (median of 41 vs 8.8 months, P < .001). In patients with less than very good partial response, there was a trend for better overall survival in patients who responded to consolidation (median of 125.8 vs 74.4 months, P = .07). In patients who achieved very good partial response, or better, at day 100 post autologous stem cell transplant, consolidation did not improve progression‐free or overall survival. Consolidation after autologous stem cell transplant for light chain amyloidosis improves progression‐free survival for patients who achieve less than very good partial response.
Membrane Fusion through the Generation of Triazole Ceramide via Click Chemistry at the Membrane Surface
Authors: Lee Seokwoo , Lee Yun Mi , Lee Hyun‐Ji , Jeon Hongjun , Lee Hyukjin , Shin Dongyun , Kim Sanghee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn artificial fusion system was developed in which triazole ceramide was generated at the surface of a liposome membrane through the action of Cu+. The stressed vesicle underwent membrane fusion. The results suggest that curvature inversion alone might be a sufficient driving force for membrane fusion. In addition, our fusion system is cytocompatible and has potential applications in biomedical research.
Purification Process, Physicochemical Properties, and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) Larvae Oil
Authors: Mai Huynh Cang , Dao Ngoc Duy , Lam Tri Duc , Nguyen Bao Viet , Nguyen Duy Chinh , Bach Long Giang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study presented a refining process and reported on fatty acid composition and the physicochemical properties of the oil from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Crude larvae oil was purified through four steps consisting of degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Optimum degumming conditions that give the highest phospholipid weight and oil consisted of water concentration of 7% (v/v), followed by addition of H2SO4 at a concentration of 0.5% (v/v). Optimum conditions for saponification that maximize saponification value and free fatty acid (FFA) value were 0.4 mg NaOH/100 g oil, 1 hour, and 80 °C of NaOH quantity, reaction time, and temperature, respectively. The oil was then dehydrated using 10 mg Na2SO4/g oil. The bleaching process that gives maximum oil yield consisted of activated carbon at concentration of 5% (w/w), followed by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 rpm (radius = 86 mm) for 30 min. The contents of lauric acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in purified oil were 28.8%, 11.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the refined oil included viscosity of 96 ± 0.14 cP (measured at 20 °C), FFA value of 0.45 ± 0.017%, acid value of 0.9 ± 0.043 mg KOH g−1, saponification value of 215.78 mg KOH g−1, iodine value of 53.7 gI2/100 g, and peroxide index of 133 mEq kg−1.
Nanocomposite hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes: Fabrication, characterization, and pilot‐scale evaluation for surface water treatment
Authors: Urper‐Bayram Gulsum Melike , Sayinli Burcu , Sengur‐Tasdemir Reyhan , Turken Turker , Pekgenc Enise , Gunes Oguz , Ates‐Genceli Esra , Tarabara Volodymyr V. , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were fabricated by interfacial polymerization of a polyamide (PA) layer on the shell side of hollow fiber membrane supports. TiO2 nanoparticle loadings in the thin‐film layer were 0.01, 0.05, and 0.20 wt %. Nanoparticle‐free PA thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes served as the comparative basis. The TFN membranes were characterized in terms of the chemical composition, structure, and surface properties of the separation layer. Incorporating nanoTiO2 improved membrane permeability up to 12.6‐fold. During preliminary laboratory‐scale evaluation, TFN membranes showed lower salt rejection but higher TOC rejection in comparisons with the corresponding values for TFC controls. Based on the performance in lab‐scale tests, TFN membranes with 0.01 wt % nanoTiO2 loading were selected for an evaluation at the pilot scale with synthetic surface water as the feed. While the permeate flux during long‐term pilot‐scale operation gradually decreased for TFC membranes, TFN membranes had a higher initial permeate flux that gradually increased with time. The TOC rejection by TFN and TFC membranes was comparable. We conclude that TFN membranes show promise for full‐scale surface water treatment applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48205.