bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk in Middle‐Aged and Older Immigrants: Exploring Residency Period and Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Sadarangani Tina R. , Trinh‐Shevrin Chau , Chyun Deborah , Yu Gary , Kovner Christine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeIt is reported that while immigrants are, initially, healthier than the native‐born upon resettlement, this advantage erodes over time. In the United States, uninsured aging immigrants are increasingly experiencing severe complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to compare overall CVD risk and explore the importance of health insurance coverage on CVD risk relative to other health access barriers, from 2007 to 2012, in recent and long‐term immigrants >50 years of age.MethodsThis study was based on secondary cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1,920). The primary outcome, CVD risk category (high or low), was determined using the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Pooled Cohort equation. Differences between immigrant groups were examined using independent‐samples t tests and chi‐square analysis. The association between insurance and CVD risk was explored using a hierarchical block logistic regression model, in which variables were entered in a predetermined order. Changes in pseudo R2 measured whether health insurance explained variance in cardiac risk beyond other variables.ResultsRecent immigrants had lower overall CVD risk than long‐term immigrants but were twice as likely to be uninsured and had higher serum glucose and lipid levels. Based on regression models, being uninsured contributed to CVD risk beyond other health access determinants, and CVD risk was pronounced among recent immigrants who were uninsured.ConclusionsHealth insurance coverage plays an essential part in a comprehensive approach to mitigating CVD risk for aging immigrants, particularly recent immigrants whose cardiovascular health is susceptible to deterioration.Clinical RelevanceNurses are tasked with recognizing the unique social and physical vulnerabilities of aging immigrants and accounting for these in care plans. In addition to helping them access healthcare coverage and affordable medication, nurses and clinicians should prioritize low‐cost lifestyle interventions that reduce CVD risk, especially diet and exercise programs.
Psychological Essentialism at the Explicit and Implicit Levels: The Unique Status of Social Categories
Authors: Karasawa Minoru , Asai Nobuko , Hioki Koichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPsychological essentialismrefers to a naive theory concerning fundamental elements that bring a category into its existence. The present study examined the structure of this lay theory as well as its implicitness, with a special focus on social categories. In Study 1, Japanese college students rated a number of categories that were natural‐kind, social, or human artifacts, in terms of different elements of essentialist beliefs. A factor analysis revealed that entitativity and naturalness are the common underlying dimensions across these category domains. We also identified some natural‐kind and human artifact categories that can be used as two extreme referent points for the examination of naturalness perceived in a whole array of social categories. Study 2 assessed implicit and automatic judgments on naturalness using a go/no‐go task, and compared them to explicit judgments. Unlike natural kinds and artifacts, social categories were essentialized to a greater extent at the implicit level. These results suggest a dual process of intuitive and deliberate cognition, particularly involving social categories, with implications concerning the bases of stereotypes and prejudices.
Using owl pellets to infer habitat associations and clarify the regional distribution of a cryptic shrew
Authors: Biedma L. , Román J. , Godoy J. A. , Calzada J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the distribution of rare species remains a great challenge in conservation biology because these species are prone to extinction and the number of species becoming rare is increasing. However, the distribution of rare species is usually difficult to delimit because of their low abundances and/or small distribution ranges. These difficulties are even greater when they are sympatric with morphologically similar species that can lead to identification errors. Here, we use barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets to infer, indirectly, potential habitat associations of the lesser white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) in the Gulf of Cádiz, south‐western Iberia and to clarify the distribution of the species in this region. In the Gulf of Cádiz, C. suaveolens is a rare species that lives in sympatry with its congener, the greater white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura russula), a much more abundant and extremely similar species. Through several indirect lines of evidence we inferred a possible association of C. suaveolens with tidal marsh habitat. This was a very surprising finding since C. suaveolens is a habitat generalist throughout its global distribution range. The species presented a highly restricted distribution in the Gulf of Cádiz occurring only in four tidal marshes. The causes of this limited distribution remain poorly understood to date, but our results are consistent with the hypothesis that C. suaveolens was displaced to tidal marshes through competitive exclusion by C. russula, although the geomorphological history of the tidal marshes of the Gulf of Cádiz may also explain its regional distribution and the phylogeographical patterns recently described in the region.
Evolutionary genomics of gypsy moth populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Friedline Christopher J. , Faske Trevor M. , Lind Brandon M. , Hobson Erin M. , Parry Dylan , Dyer Rodney J. , Johnson Derek M. , Thompson Lily M. , Grayson Kristine L. , Eckert Andrew J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) was first introduced to Massachusetts in 1869 and within 150 years has spread throughout eastern North America. This large‐scale invasion across a heterogeneous landscape allows examination of the genetic signatures of adaptation potentially associated with rapid geographical spread. We tested the hypothesis that spatially divergent natural selection has driven observed changes in three developmental traits that were measured in a common garden for 165 adult moths sampled from six populations across a latitudinal gradient covering the entirety of the range. We generated genotype data for 91,468 single nucleotide polymorphisms based on double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing and used these data to discover genome‐wide associations for each trait, as well as to test for signatures of selection on the discovered architectures. Genetic structure across the introduced range of gypsy moth was low in magnitude (FST = 0.069), with signatures of bottlenecks and spatial expansion apparent in the rare portion of the allele frequency spectrum. Results from applications of Bayesian sparse linear mixed models were consistent with the presumed polygenic architectures of each trait. Further analyses indicated spatially divergent natural selection acting on larval development time and pupal mass, with the linkage disequilibrium component of this test acting as the main driver of observed patterns. The populations most important for these signals were two range‐edge populations established less than 30 generations ago. We discuss the importance of rapid polygenic adaptation to the ability of non‐native species to invade novel environments.
Globalization: Current Issues and Future Research Directions
Authors: Janssens Maddy , Maddux William W. , Nguyen ToTran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a research agenda for psychologists in general, and scholars of culture and negotiations in particular, to address the key challenges of dealing with an increasingly globalized world from a psychological perspective. Building on an understanding of globalization in terms of cultural and subjective matters, we propose three research domains in which psychology scholars can contribute to a further understanding of our global society: (a) the effects of global contact on cognition and behavior; (b) hybridization and human agency; and (c) new forms of cooperation. In each domain, we start with a particular key tenet within the globalization or cosmopolitan literature and then develop research questions that connect human experience and human behavior with globalization. We conclude with research implications.
Analyzing variations in changes over time: development of the Pattern‐Oriented Longitudinal Analysis approach
Authors: Kneck Åsa , Audulv Åsa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLongitudinal qualitative research in nursing is rare but becoming more common. Data collection and analysis over time provide some intriguing possibilities to better understand processes, development, and change in illness experience, healthcare organizations, and self‐management. This paper aims to present a process for analyzing qualitative longitudinal data material, namely the Pattern‐Oriented Longitudinal Analysis approach (POLA). We developed this approach after synthesizing experiences from two longitudinal qualitative projects and comparing our procedures and reflections with the relevant literature. Using the POLA approach, researchers can describe complexity and variation in changes over time. During the analysis process, emphasis is put on visualizing and identifying change at both an individual and a group level. Ontological and epistemological assumptions for the approach are also described. The benefit of this approach is the possibility to describe complexity and diversity in processes over time, which is important for the development of nursing knowledge. The analysis approach can be further used and developed by researchers seeking to understand variance or contextual features in processes and changes over time.
Regression‐type models for extremal dependence
Authors: Mhalla L. , de Carvalho M. , Chavez‐Demoulin V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a vector generalized additive modeling framework for taking into account the effect of covariates on angular density functions in a multivariate extreme value context. The proposed methods are tailored for settings where the dependence between extreme values may change according to covariates. We devise a maximum penalized log‐likelihood estimator, discuss details of the estimation procedure, and derive its consistency and asymptotic normality. The simulation study suggests that the proposed methods perform well in a wealth of simulation scenarios by accurately recovering the true covariate‐adjusted angular density. Our empirical analysis reveals relevant dynamics of the dependence between extreme air temperatures in two alpine resorts during the winter season.
Modern slavery response and recognition training
Authors: Metcalf Elizabeth P , Selous Camilla 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundModern slavery is the recruitment and movement of people by force, coercion, deception or abuse of vulnerability for the purposes of exploitation. Modern slavery is a serious violation of human rights with significant negative physical and mental health consequences. Health care professionals are in a unique position to identify, safeguard, make appropriate referrals and meet the health needs of victims of such exploitation when they access health care. Moreover, there are significant legal, professional and ethical obligations for health care professionals regarding responding to modern slavery.MethodsWe designed a two‐part teaching session for undergraduate medical students at Cardiff University. Part 1 provided students with sufficient content information regarding the different types of modern slavery and pathways of referral. Part 2 provided training for students to communicate safely and effectively with these vulnerable patients. Student evaluation data were collected following the teaching.ResultsQuantitative and free text analysis confirmed that student confidence in recognising and understanding the action expected of them improved significantly following the teaching.DiscussionRecent research indicates a serious shortfall in knowledge and confidence amongst health care professionals in the UK. Undergraduate medical education is a strategic point for training regarding people trafficking, yet medical education on people trafficking is variable and often absent in the UK. Although challenging in terms of content and governance, this teaching innovation appeared to be successful in raising the students’ awareness of an increasingly common problem in the UK, helping to equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively identify and safely manage consultations involving potential victims of modern slavery.
Effects of blood storage age on immune, coagulation, and nitric oxide parameters in transfused patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Spinella Philip C. , Sniecinski Roman M. , Trachtenberg Felicia , Inglis Heather C. , Ranganathan Gayatri , Heitman John W. , Szlam Fania , Danesh Ali , Stone Mars , Keating Sheila M. , Levy Jerrold H. , Assmann Susan F. , Steiner Marie E. , Doctor Allan , Norris Philip J. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDRetrospective studies suggested that storage age of RBCs is associated with inflammation and thromboembolism. The Red Cell Storage Duration Study (RECESS) trial randomized subjects undergoing complex cardiac surgery to receive RBCs stored for shorter versus longer periods, and no difference was seen in the primary outcome of change in multiple organ dysfunction score.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn the current study, 90 subjects from the RECESS trial were studied intensively using a range of hemostasis, immunologic, and nitric oxide parameters. Samples were collected before transfusion and on Days 2, 6, 28, and 180 after transfusion.RESULTSOf 71 parameters tested, only 4 showed a significant difference after transfusion between study arms: CD8+ T‐cell interferon‐γ secretion and the concentration of extracellular vesicles bearing the B‐cell marker CD19 were higher, and plasma endothelial growth factor levels were lower in recipients of fresh versus aged RBCs. Plasma interleukin‐6 was higher at Day 2 and lower at Days 6 and 28 in recipients of fresh versus aged RBCs. Multiple parameters showed significant modulation after surgery and transfusion. Most analytes that changed after surgery did not differ based on transfusion status. Several extracellular vesicle markers, including two associated with platelets (CD41a and CD62P), decreased in transfused patients more than in those who underwent surgery without transfusion.CONCLUSIONSTransfusion of fresh versus aged RBCs does not result in substantial changes in hemostasis, immune, or nitric oxide parameters. It is possible that transfusion modulates the level of platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles, which will require study of patients randomly assigned to receipt of transfusion to define.
Impact of Brassica juncea biofumigation on viability of propagules of pernicious weed species
Authors: De Cauwer B , Vanbesien J , De Ryck S , Reheul D 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBiofumigation may be a promising tool for depletion of persistent weed seedbanks/bud banks. This technique is based on the incorporation of chopped glucosinolate‐rich plant biomass into the soil, upon which isothiocyanates with herbicidal properties are released. To gain acceptance by farmers and foster its implementation, the biofumigation process should be further optimised. This study elucidated the impact of biological (species), technical (burial depth, ground cover) and pedohydrological (temperature and moisture content) factors on efficacy of Brassica juncea biofumigation under (semi‐)natural conditions. In a first experiment (field experiment), seeds and vegetative propagules of various weed species were buried at different depths and exposed to different doses of fresh fine‐chopped B. juncea biomass in the presence or absence of a plastic ground cover. In a second experiment (container experiment), buried seeds of ten species were subjected to biofumigation at diverging soil organic matter content, soil moisture content and soil temperature. In a third experiment (dose–response Petri dish bioassay), unburied seeds of eight species were subjected to various doses of rehydrated B. juncea powder. Biofumigation efficacy was determined by analysing viability of treated and untreated propagules. In general, efficacy of biofumigation increased with decreasing burial depth and increasing B. juncea dose. Biofumigation was highly effective (mortality >85%) against small‐seeded species but less effective (mortality 0%–20%) against hard‐seeded and large‐seeded species at 200 t ha−1. Vegetative propagules of Sonchus arvensis, Equisetum arvense and Convolvulus sepium were highly sensitive (mortality >90%) to biofumigation. Efficacy was most pronounced under moist warm incubation conditions, in the presence of a plastic ground cover.
El lenguaje estandarizado enfermero: conocimiento, historia y perspectiva para el cuidado materno-perinatal
Authors: Pulido Acuña Gloria Paulina , Vergara Escobar Oscar Javier , Montenegro Ramirez Juan David , González Salazar Carlos Andrés , Ortiz Acosta Yeimi Johana 
Published: March 2019

las gestantes hospitalizadas en los servicios materno-perinatales requieren la intervención del personal de enfermería con un lenguaje estandarizado que permitan fomentar cuidados con calidad, basados en la identificación de problemas, a través de diagnósticos, intervenciones y resultados. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos registrados en la literatura científica sobre el uso del lenguaje estandarizado enfermero, como estrategia para fomentar el cuidado a la gestante en los servicios materno-perinatales. Métodos: revisión sistemática de artículos científicos publicados entre los años 1994 y 2013 en español, inglés y portugués en bases de datos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica inicialmente con vigencia mínima de 5 años, seleccionando 56 artículos, analizados bajo el método de Hoyos. Conclusiones: los resultados permiten establecer la información en 4 categorías: que hacen alusión al Conocimiento Contemporáneo de Enfermería (CCE), Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE), Historia del lenguaje estandarizado de enfermería y perspectivas para la aplicación del LEE en el cuidado materno-perinatal, planteando la sinergia de una propuesta de articulación de Educación, Práctica e Investigación, denominado (EPI), la que pretende fortalecer el saber enfermero. Palabras clave: lenguaje estandarizado, gestante, intervenciones de enfermería, cuidado, bienestar materno, proceso de enfermería, materno, perinatal, conocimiento contemporáneo
StraboSpot data system for structural geology
Authors: Walker J. Douglas , Tikoff Basil , Newman Julie , Clark Ryan , Ash Jason , Good Jessica , Bunse Emily G. , Möller Andreas , Kahn Maureen , Williams Randolph T. , Michels Zachary , Andrew Joseph E. , Rufledt Carson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStraboSpot is a geologic data system that allows researchers to digitally collect, store, and share both field and laboratory data. StraboSpot is based on how geologists actually work to collect field data; although initially developed for the structural geology research community, the approach is easily extensible to other disciplines. The data system uses two main concepts to organize data: spots and tags. A spot is any observation that characterizes a specific area, a concept applicable at any spatial scale from regional to microscopic. Spots are related in a purely spatial manner, and consequently, one spot can enclose multiple other spots that themselves contain other spots. In contrast, tags provide conceptual grouping of spots, allowing linkages between spots that are independent of their spatial position.The StraboSpot data system uses a graph database, rather than a relational database approach, to increase flexibility and to track geologically complex relationships. StraboSpot operates on two different platform types: (1) a field-based application that runs on iOS and Android mobile devices, which can function in either Internet-connected or disconnected environments; and (2) a web application that runs only in Internet-connected settings. We are presently engaged in incorporating microstructural data into StraboSpot, as well as expanding to include additional field-based (sedimentology, petrology) and lab-based (experimental rock deformation) data. The StraboSpot database will be linked to other existing and future databases in order to provide integration with other digital efforts in the geological sciences and allow researchers to do types of science that were not possible without easy access to digital data.
Shape of Training Review: an impact assessment for UK gastroenterology trainees
Authors: Clough Jennifer , FitzPatrick Michael , Harvey Philip , Morris Liam 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPhysician training in the UK is undergoing considerable change due to the implementation of recommendations made in the Shape of Training Review. In particular, higher specialty training (HST), including gastroenterology, will be shortened from 5 to 4 years. This will also incorporate general internal medicine (GIM) training. There is concern among gastroenterologists regarding how high-quality gastroenterology training will be delivered in 4 years.MethodsThe 2018 British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) trainees’ survey results were used to examine the potential impact of a 4-year HST period on achieving key competencies in gastroenterology.Results291 (49.4%) gastroenterology trainees responded. Satisfaction with gastroenterology training was high (79.6% respondents), and self-reported confidence in hepatology training was also high (84% senior respondents). However, only half (51.1%) of the respondents achieved complete colonoscopy certification by their final year of training. Comparison with the 2014 BSG trainees’ survey demonstrated that the number of endoscopy procedures achieved by trainees has reduced in sigmoidoscopy (p=0.006) and colonoscopy (p<0.001). The proportion of time spent in GIM training has increased since the last survey, with 81.8% of the respondents spending more than 25% of their time in GIM. GIM training was reported to be a key barrier to adequate gastroenterology and endoscopy training.ConclusionThese data indicate significant barriers to delivering gastroenterology and endoscopy training within the current 5-year programme. Novel strategies will be required to improve the rate of progression in endoscopy training, in particular if high-quality gastroenterology HST training is to be delivered in 4 years.