bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer in the modern magnetic resonance imaging era may be omitted: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Ito Kei , Nakajima Yujiro , Minakami Shota , Machitori Yumiko , Hosomi Yukio , Hashimoto Kana , Saito Makoto , Murofushi Keiko Nemoto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We aimed to clarify whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is associated with improved outcomes in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in the current era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data from patients with LS-SCLC who achieved a complete response to definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at two medical centers were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score-matching was performed in a 2:1 ratio to balance the baseline characteristics of the no-PCI and PCI groups. The endpoints were the incidence of brain metastasis (BM), neurological causes of death and overall survival (OS). Overall, 80% patients underwent head MRI during the initial staging and 75 patients (no-PCI, n = 50; PCI, n = 25) were matched. Their baseline characteristics were generally well-balanced except for age; patients in the no-PCI group tended to be older. The median follow-up period was 29 months. Although the incidence of BMs tended to be higher in the no-PCI group (1-year BM occurrence: 26% vs 17%, P = 0.22), the incidence of multiple BMs (defined as &gt;4 metastases) was similar between groups (1-year multiple BMs occurrence: 8% vs 9%, P = 0.65). The 2-year neurological causes of death and OS rate did not significantly differ between the groups (6% and 9%; P = 0.85; and 70% and 79%; P = 0.36, respectively). The 1-year occurrence of multiple BMs did not increase, even without PCI, when modern imaging modalities were integrated into the initial diagnosis, suggesting that PCI could be omitted after CRT, if MRI was incorporated into the initial diagnosis and follow-up.
Insulator-donor electron wavefunction coupling in pseudo-bilayer organic solar cells achieving a certificated efficiency of 19.18%
Authors: Sun Jiangkai , Ma Ruijie , Yang Xue , Xie Xiaoyu , Jiang Dongcheng , Meng Yuan , Li Yiyun , Cui Fengzhe , Xiao Mengfei , Zhang Kangning , Chen Yu , Xia Xinxin , Zhang Maojie , Du Xiaoyan , Ye Long , Ma Haibo , Gao Kun , Chen Feng , Li Gang , Hao Xiaotao , Yin Hang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The incorporation of polymeric insulators has led to notable achievements in the field of organic semiconductors. By altering the blending concentration, polymeric insulators exhibit extensive capabilities in regulating molecular configuration, film crystallinity, and mitigation of defect states. However, current research suggests that the improvement in such physical properties is primarily attributed to the enhancement of thin film morphology, an outcome that seems to be an inevitable consequence of incorporating insulators. Herein, we report a general and completely new effect of polymeric insulators in organic semiconductors: the insulator-donor electron wavefunction coupling effect. Such insulators can couple with donor polymers to reduce the energy barrier level and facilitate intramolecular electron transport. Besides the morphological effects, we observed that this coupling effect is another mechanism that can significantly enhance electron mobility (up to 100 times) through the incorporation of polymeric insulators in a series of donor systems. With this effect, we proposed a polymeric insulator blending approach to fabricate state-of-the-art pseudo-bilayer organic solar cells, and the PM6/L8-BO device exhibits a high efficiency of 19.50% (certificated 19.18%) with an improved interfacial electron transport property. This work not only offers a novel perspective on the quantum effect of polymeric insulators in organic semiconductors, but also presents a simple yet effective method for enhancing the performance of organic solar cells.
Healing with Systematic Wound Management after Minimally Invasive Treatment of Axillary Osmidrosis
Authors: Hu Xiaogen , Wang Chengyuan , Sun Cheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Axillary osmidrosis (AO), the condition of armpit smell, can be treated with minimally invasive techniques. However, patients may experience wound complications and a relatively long recovery period after operation. In this case series, the researchers investigated the effectiveness of systematic wound management for wound healing after minimally invasive treatment of AO.
From January 2016 to December 2021, 64 patients with AO underwent systematic wound management after minimally invasive treatment. Systematic wound management included three consecutive steps of wound irrigation with 0.9% sodium chloride, suction drainage, and compression dressing. The researchers retrospectively evaluated wound healing results and recorded complications. Of the patients, 60 (93.8%) had good primary wound healing results, 1 (1.5%) developed a hematoma, and 3 (4.7%) had partial epidermis necrosis. The hematoma was easily evacuated, and the partial epidermis necrosis recovered spontaneously without obvious scarring. No other adverse effects were observed.
The results of this case series indicate that systematic wound management is reliable and practical and provides good wound healing results after minimally invasive treatment of AO.
Lumbar Fusion Surgical Prophylaxis Using Cefazolin vs. Vancomycin in the Penicillin-Allergic Patient
Authors: Carter Michael , Narayanan Rajkishen , Toci Gregory , Huang Rachel , Dalton Jonathan , Tomlak Alexa , Lee Yunsoo , Mumtaz Shiraz , Sabitsky Matthew , Pasha Asad , Vanichkachorn Andrew , Kim Andrew , Syal Amit , Kurd Mark , Kaye Ian David , Canseco Jose , Hilibrand Alan , Vaccaro Alexander , Schroeder Gregory , Kepler Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To compare peri- and postoperative infection rates among patients with mild to moderate penicillin allergies who receive cefazolin vs vancomycin as prophylaxis for lumbar fusion. Additionally, we sought to determine if patients receiving cefazolin exhibited any clinical symptoms suggestive of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, and to compare those rates to patients who received vancomycin.

Summary of Background Data.
Cefazolin has been historically linked to hypersensitivity reactions in penicillin-allergic patients due to cross-reactivity. As a result, vancomycin is often given to these patients instead. To our knowledge, no studies have directly compared these two antibiotics in penicillin-allergic patients undergoing lumbar fusion.

Methods.
Patients with mild to moderate documented penicillin allergies who underwent lumbar fusion from 2017-2022 and received prophylactic cefazolin or vancomycin were studied. Demographic, surgical information, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded. We identified drug sensitivity reactions, in hospital infections, 90-day readmissions related to infectious etiologies and need for irrigation and debridement (I&D) to treat a surgical site infection.

Results.
222 patients received cefazolin, while 180 received vancomycin. Patients receiving vancomycin had more medical comorbidities, while patients receiving cefazolin had slightly more levels fused. No significant differences existed between cohorts in postoperative infection rate. One patient given cefazolin developed a mild drug-induced skin reaction that was treated with topical steroids. No significant differences existed between cohorts in 90-day readmissions or need for I&D surgery. On bivariate analysis, patients given cefazolin had a longer LOS but this was attributed to confounding variables on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions.
Cefazolin and vancomycin are comparable at preventing postoperative infections among patients with mild to moderate documented reactions to penicillin. Our findings also suggest that penicillin-allergic patients are not at higher risk of developing drug-related hypersensitivity reactions in response to cefazolin exposure when compared to those who received vancomycin.
Operative Timing in Cervical Spine Trauma
Authors: Dalton Jonathan , Huang Rachel , Narayanan Rajkishen , Kaye Ian David , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: October 2024

Study Design:
Narrative review.

Objective:
To review existing literature regarding surgical timing in cervical trauma with a focus on acute traumatic central cord syndrome.

Summary of Background Data:
Traumatic central cord syndrome is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury. Substantial basic science literature has proposed ischemic and secondary injury-driven mechanisms underpinning the urgency of operative intervention. However, only recently has a relative consensus emerged in the clinical literature regarding the safety, efficacy, and necessity of early operative intervention for acute traumatic central cord syndrome.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted of studies in PubMed Central and Cochrane Database related to timing in cervical spine trauma.

Conclusions:
Recently, several major systematic reviews and consensus statements have endorsed the importance and safety of early (<24 h) operative decompression in the setting of traumatic spinal cord injury. Despite decades of conflicting data, a similar trend appears to be emerging for traumatic central cord syndrome. These clinical developments join a large body of basic science work regarding the importance of early decompressive surgery in relieving acute ischemic insult and minimizing the effects of secondary injury. However, further work is needed to delineate optimal surgical timing, especially regarding “ultra-early” (<8 h) protocols, and to aid in creating accelerated screening pathways.
Pediatric Cervical Spine Trauma
Authors: Zhang Justin K. , Hongsermeier-Graves Natasha , Savic Boris , Nadel Jeffrey , Sherrod Brandon A. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Iyer Rajiv R. 
Published: October 2024

Study design
Narrative review.

Objective:
To provide an updated overview of pediatric cervical spine trauma.

Summary of background data:
Pediatric cervical spine trauma can cause debilitating morbidity and mortality and neurological impairment. The unique anatomic features of the developing cervical spine can predispose children to injuries.

Methods
We reviewed the pediatric cervical spine trauma literature in PubMed and EMBASE.

Results:
Pediatric cervical spine injury occurs in 1%–2% of pediatric trauma. The most frequent cause is motor vehicle collisions, with sports-related injuries being more common in older children. Larger head-to-body ratios and tissue elasticity can predispose young children to a greater risk of injury higher in the craniocervical junction and cervical spine. Standardized protocols and classification systems, such as the Pediatric Cervical Spine Clearance Working Group protocol and the AO Spine Injury and Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classifications, are valuable in triage as well as for assessing the need for operative versus nonoperative management. In general, operative approaches and principles are similar to those in adults, with modern instrumentation and fusion techniques achieving high rates of successful arthrodesis.

Conclusions:
Effective management and treatment of pediatric cervical spine injuries depends on early and accurate diagnosis, a thorough understanding of pediatric spinal anatomy, and a versatile surgical armamentarium.
Enabling Technologies in the Management of Cervical Spine Trauma
Authors: Menta Arjun K. , Fuleihan Antony A. , Li Marvin , Azad Tej D. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: October 2024

Study Design:
Narrative review.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to explore and evaluate the role of novel technologies in enhancing the diagnosis, surgical precision, and rehabilitation of cervical spine trauma, and to discuss their potential impact on clinical outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
Traumatic cervical spine injuries are challenging to manage due to their complex anatomy, the potential for long-term disability, and severe neurological deficits. Traditional management approaches are being supplemented by emerging technologies that promise to improve patient care and outcomes.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted to identify and analyze advancements in imaging, navigation, robotics, and wearable technologies in the context of cervical spine trauma. The review focuses on the potential of these technologies to improve early detection, surgical accuracy, and postoperative recovery.

Results:
Technological innovations, including advanced imaging techniques, machine learning for diagnostics, augmented reality, and robotic-assisted surgery, are transforming the management of cervical spine trauma. These tools contribute to more efficient, accurate, and personalized treatment approaches, potentially improving clinical outcomes and reducing patient care burdens.

Conclusions:
Although these technologies hold great promise, challenges such as implementation costs and the need for specialized training must be addressed. With continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration, these advancements can significantly enhance the management of cervical spine trauma, improving patient recovery and quality of life.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
A Pair of Hearts: Two Cases of Mitral Valve Gonococcal Endocarditis
Authors: Pearce Carolyn F. , Johnson Kelly A. , Meshkaty Nessa , Tang Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection. Manifestations include asymptomatic infection and disseminated, life-threatening disease. We present two cases of mitral valve gonococcal endocarditis and discuss epidemiologic trends in disseminated gonococcal infection, acknowledging antimicrobial resistance, genetic variability in gonococcal strains, and contextual factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and STI control.
Experiences of life and intersectionality of people with low vision: A qualitative approach
Authors: Oviedo-Cáceres María del Pilar , Arias-Valencia Samuel , Hernández-Quirama Andrea 
Published: October 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Low vision is a public health priority disability condition. People with this condition face multiple types of discrimination in a society that is not accustomed to diversity.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to describe the life experience of people with low vision from an intersectional perspective in Medellín, Colombia.

METHODS
A qualitative ethnographic case study was conducted, considering the intersectional perspective as an analytical element to comprehend the everyday experience of people with low vision. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with 10 participants, along with 16 participant observation exercises in their daily lives, with prior informed consent.

RESULTS
Participants experienced discrimination due to their visual condition, which had negative implications for the development of their life projects. Three categories emerged: Discrimination in everyday contexts: ocularcentrism, gender challenges in the lives of people with low vision, and challenges in seeking vision rehabilitation services.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study show that people experience discrimination, exclusion, and stigmatization in their daily activities, which vary according to the traditionally assigned roles of gender, social class, age, and educational level, among others. Given the complexity of the experience, it is important for health and visual rehabilitation professionals to broaden their perspective and transition toward vision rehabilitation models that address the various dimensions affected by this condition.
Postradiotherapy Response Assessment Using 18F-FDG PET/CT in Salivary Gland Carcinoma—A Multicenter Study
Authors: Chen Po-Yuan , Cheng Nai-Ming , Lin Chien-Yu , Chang Kai-Ping , Lu Yi-An , Tsai Tsung-You , Chen Miao-Fen , Fang Fu-Min , Hsu Cheng-Lung , Hsieh Rodney Cheng-En 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This multicenter study investigates the efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in postradiotherapy (post-RT) response evaluation in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 115 SGC patients who underwent definitive or adjuvant RT followed by 18F-FDG PET/CT between 2004 and 2021. Most tumors were parotid gland malignancies (50%). The most common histological subtypes were adenoid cystic (29%) and mucoepidermoid carcinomas (18%).

Results
The median follow-up was 65 months. Post-RT anatomic images (CT/MRI) revealed complete response (CR) in 51 patients (44%). Among 53 patients with partial response or stable disease, only 17 (32%) patients experienced locoregional recurrence, with a 5-year locoregional control rate of 69%. Post-RT 18F-FDG PET/CT documented metabolic CR in 81 patients (70%). Metabolic complete responders had significantly higher 5-year locoregional control (90% vs 43%), distant metastasis–free survival (80% vs 48%), progression-free survival (76% vs 24%), and overall survival rates (89% vs 42%) compared with non–complete responders (all P < 0.001), as confirmed in both univariate and multivariate analyses. It identified additional viable tumors in 18 cases (16%) and facilitated salvage local therapies in 7 patients (6%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of post-RT 18F-FDG PET/CT were 63%, 91%, 70%, 88%, and 84%, respectively, in predicting locoregional recurrence. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed significantly higher sensitivity ﻿(88% vs 36%, P = 0.011) in tumors with pre-RT SUVmax ≥7.39 compared with those with SUVmax <7.39.

Conclusions
Post-RT 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrates high negative predictive value and specificity, with metabolic CR predicting excellent outcomes. Additionally, it exhibits higher sensitivity for high-SUVmax SGC, facilitating early detection of viable tumors.
Easternmost distribution of Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) in Slovakia: Urgent need for advanced detection and interregional monitoring
Authors: Kolics Balázs , Kolics Éva , Ács Zoltán , Proková Helena Mališová , Senková Katarína Baldaufová , Senko Dušan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) continues its spread across Europe, posing a significant threat to biodiversity, viticulture, and apiculture. Species identification on the first individuals caught in Slovakia was confirmed via molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Radio telemetry was employed to track foraging hornets, leading to the discovery of the nest within inaccessible private property. Mastering and utilizing manual tracking techniques assisted by radio telemetry, alongside public awareness campaigns and regional monitoring programs, are crucial in Slovakia and neighbouring countries to mitigate the potential ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species.
An Ionic Sensor acts in Parallel to dSarm to Promote Neurodegeneration
Authors: Avetisyan Adel , Barria Romina , Sheehan Amy , Freeman Marc R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow neurons to sense when they are terminally dysfunctional and activate neurodegeneration remains poorly defined. The pro-degenerative NAD+hydrolase dSarm/SARM1 can act as a metabolic sensor by detecting pathological changes in NAD+/NMN and subsequently induce catastrophic axon degeneration. Here we showDrosophilawith-no-lysine kinase (dWnk), which can directly sense Cl-, K+and osmotic pressure, is required for neurodegeneration induced by depletion of the NAD+biosynthetic enzyme dNmnat. dWnk functions in parallel to dSarm and acts through the downstream kinase Frayed to promote axon degeneration and neuronal cell death. dWnk and dSarm ultimately converge on the BTB-Back domain molecule Axundead (Axed) to execute neurodegeneration. Our work argues that neurons use direct sensors of both metabolism (dSarm/SARM1) and ionic/osmotic status (dWnk) to evaluate cellular health and, when dysfunctional, promote neurodegeneration though a common axon death signaling molecule, Axundead.
Netupitant Exhibits Potent Activity onMycobacterium tuberculosisPersisters
Authors: Eldesouky Hassan E. , Jones Richard M. , Gleason Natalie , Mohammed Shabber , Xing Enming , Li Pui-Kai , Sherman David R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), persisters are genotypically drug-sensitive bacteria that nonetheless survive antibiotic treatment. Persisters represent a significant challenge to shortening TB treatment and preventing relapse, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we screened 2,336 FDA-approved compounds to identify agents that enhance the sterilizing activity of standard anti-TB drugs and prevent the regrowth of persisters. Netupitant (NTP), an FDA-approved antiemetic, emerged as a promising candidate with bacteriostatic activity on its own. However, in combination with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), NTP eliminated viable Mtb cells within 7 days, achieving a >6-log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) compared to the 2.5-log reduction observed with INH-RIF alone. NTP also demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy, enhancing the activity of multiple TB drugs, including ethambutol, moxifloxacin, amikacin, and bedaquiline. Notably, NTP retained its potency under hypoxic and caseum-mimicking conditions, both of which are known to enrich for non-replicating, drug-tolerant cells. Interestingly, under hypoxic conditions, NTP demonstrated strong tuberculocidal activity, achieving an approximate 4-log CFU reduction, whereas high-dose INH-RIF was ineffective. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NTP primarily disrupts cellular bioenergetics, with significant downregulation observed in activities associated with the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthesis. While further studies are required to decipher the mechanism of action and resistance profile of NTP, and to assess itsin vivoefficacy, these findings underscore its potential as a promising adjunct to existing TB therapies.
Elastic and inelastic scattering of flat-top solitons
Authors: Khawaja U. Al , Alotaibi M. O. D. , Sakkaf L. Al 
Published: October 2024

We investigate the interaction between two flat-top solitons within the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation framework. Our study results point towards a significant departure of flat-top solitons' collisional characteristics from the conventional behaviors exhibited in the scattering dynamics of two bright solitons. Our investigation outlines specific regimes corresponding to the dual flat-top solitons' elastic and inelastic collisions. We determine regimes in the parameter space where exchange in the widths of the interacting flat-top solitons is possible, even within the elastic collision domain. We find a periodic occurrence of completely elastic scattering of flat-top solitons in terms of the solitons' parameters. Investigating the internal energy transfers between the solitons and the emitted radiation reveals the origin of inelasticity in flat-top soliton collisions. We perform a variational calculation that accounts for the amount of radiation produced by the collision and hence provides further insight into the physics underlying the loss of elasticity of collisions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024