bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural resilience and the Smart and Sustainable City
Authors: Clarke Nicholas John , Kuipers Marieke Cornelie , Roos Job 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptualisation of the Smart Sustainable City (SSC) with new concepts of resilience thinking in relation to urgent societal challenges facing the built environment. The paper aims to identify novel methodologies for smart reuse of heritage sites with a pluralist past as integral to inclusive urban development.

Design/methodology/approach
SSC concepts in the global literature are studied to define a new reference framework for integrated urban planning strategies in which cultural resilience and co-creation matter. This framework, augmented by UNESCO’s holistic recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), was tested in two investigative projects: the historic centre of South Africa’s capital Tshwane and the proximate former Westfort leprosy colony.

Findings
The research confirms that SSC concepts need enlargement to become more inclusive in acknowledging “cultural diversity” of communities and engaging “chrono-diversity” of extant fabric. A paradigm shift in the discourse on integrated urban (re)development and adaptive reuse of built heritage is identified, influenced by resilience and sustainability thinking. Both projects show that different architectural intervention strategies are required to modulate built fabric and its emergent qualities and to unlock embedded cultural energy.

Originality/value
Together with a critical review of SSC concepts and the HUL in relation to urban (re)development, this paper provides innovative methodologies on creative adaptation of urban heritage, reconciling “hard” and “soft” issues, tested in the highly resilient systems of Tshwane.
Hemorrhagic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage Associated With Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Due to Segmental Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Silloca‐Cabana Elizabeth O. , Hathuc Vivian M. , Harrison William T. , Lantz Patrick E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly affects the renal and carotid arteries. We report a child with subarachnoid and ocular hemorrhage associated with an aneurysm due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Computed tomography following a witnessed collapse revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe cerebral edema. An autopsy confirmed the radiographic findings and detected bilateral retinal hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and a ruptured saccular aneurysm due to focal fibromuscular dysplasia involving the intracranial right vertebral artery. This case documents a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child with an intracranial saccular aneurysm caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The associated retinal hemorrhages are easily detected by postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
“Everything Must Match”: Detection, Deception, and Migrant Illegality in the India‐Bangladesh Borderlands
Authors: Ghosh Sahana 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIndia's militarization of its border with Bangladesh has grown alongside a paranoia around the figure of the “infiltrator” made synonymous with the “Bangladeshi illegal migrant.” Set in the borderlands of India and Bangladesh, where ethnic, racial, and linguistic markers do not allow for an easy distinction to be made between the Bengali members of two nation‐states, this article focuses on the paradoxes of documentary citizenship. Residents of these highly surveilled borderlands, as well as a variety of state actors, find that simply possessing identity documents is inadequate amid forgery and deception. The possibility of detection—detectability—of the illegal migrant materializes in India's eastern borderlands across three distinct modes of policing: the interceptive, the judicial‐determinative, and the certificatory. Through an ethnographic exploration of these modes of policing, this article sheds light on the political economy of migrant illegality and reimagines detectability, the infinite and promissory search for the impostor within, as the engine that drives the state. Detectability raises new questions beyond the fetishization of documents and the production and navigation of il/legibility. [borders, migrant illegality, policing, documents, South Asia]
How do we process prices? Electrophysiological evidence of componential analysis
Authors: Ojedo Fernando , Macizo Pedro 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the processing of prices (e.g., 8 euro) involves separate analysis of the digit (8) and the monetary category (euro). Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants performed a price comparison task in which a pair of prices was presented and they selected the one with higher monetary value. There were compatible comparisons where the digit and the monetary category of one price were higher than those of the other price (e.g., 7 euro – 4 cent, 7 > 4 and euro > cent), and incompatible comparisons where the number of one price was larger but the monetary category smaller than those of the other price (e.g., 4 euro – 7 cent, 4 < 7 but euro > cent). Compatibility effect modulated ERPs in the 350–450 ms time window, with more negative amplitudes in incompatible trials relative to compatible trials. This pattern of results suggests that prices were processed in a componential manner, challenging the evidences of the holistic model. The results of this study agree with the general model framework for multi‐symbol number comparison: The constituents of a multi‐symbol magnitude are processed and compared to each other separately in a componential manner.
Aerobic training session length affects arterial elasticity
Authors: Karabulut Murat , Lopez Joe A. , Karabulut Ulku 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine haemodynamic and arterial elasticity responses to aerobic exercise of varying durations.MethodsEighteen male subjects (age = 23·4 ± 2·0) performed a maximal aerobic fitness (VO2max) test. Participants met in the laboratory following an overnight fast for three randomly assigned sessions. Assessments for large and small arterial elasticity (SAE), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), total vascular impedance (TVI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), pulse pressure (PP) and cardiac ejection time (CET) were performed using applanation tonometry at the radial artery. Following baseline measurements, participants executed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 65% of their respective VO2max for 30, 45 or 60 min on three different occasions. Postexercise measurements were performed immediately, 10, 20 and 40 min postexercise cessation.ResultsThe 60‐min exercise bout resulted in significantly increased SAE values (P < 0·04) and decreased SVR values (P < 0·02) when compared with the 30‐min exercise bout. The 60‐min session also caused significantly higher HR values and significantly lower values for SV and DBP values following exercise (P < 0·04).ConclusionsThe results of this study emphasize that varying the length of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise bouts affects arterial elasticity response and total vascular resistance.
Cellulose ether treatment in vivo generates chronic wasting disease prions with reduced protease resistance and delayed disease progression
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Chang Sheng Chun , Yu Jie , Gopalakrishnan Preetha , Doh‐ura Katsumi , Schatzl Hermann M. , Gilch Sabine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of free‐ranging and farmed cervids that is highly contagious because of extensive prion shedding and prion persistence in the environment. Previously, cellulose ether compounds (CEs) have been shown to significantly extend the survival of mice inoculated with mouse‐adapted prion strains. In this study, we used CEs, TC‐5RW, and 60SH‐50, in vitro and in vivo to assess their efficacy to interfere with CWD prion propagation. In vitro, CEs inhibited CWD prion amplification in a dose‐dependent manner. Transgenic mice over‐expressing elk PrPC (tgElk) were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of either of the CEs, followed by intracerebral inoculation with different CWD isolates from white tailed deer, mule deer, or elk. All treated groups showed a prolonged survival of up to more than 30 % when compared to the control group regardless of the CWD isolate used for infection. The extended survival in the treated groups correlated with reduced proteinase K resistance of prions. Remarkably, passage of brain homogenates from treated or untreated animals in tgElk mice resulted in a prolonged life span of mice inoculated with homogenates from CE‐treated mice (of + 17%) even in the absence of further treatment. Besides the delayed disease onset upon passage in TgElk mice, the reduced proteinase K resistance was maintained but less pronounced. Therefore, these compounds can be very useful in limiting the spread of CWD in captive and wild‐ranging cervids.
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Demand and Supply Effects and Returns to College Education: Evidence from a Natural Experiment with Engineers in Denmark*
Authors: Qvist Hans‐Peter Y. , Holm Anders , Munk Martin D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe demand and supply model predicts that a larger relative net supply of a particular educational group will negatively affect its relative earnings. To test this, we use the opening of Aalborg University as a natural experiment, because it created a shock to the supply of electrical and construction engineers in Denmark in the 1980s. The results show that when the supply of electrical and construction engineers peaked, their earnings dropped relative to a comparison group of chemical engineers, which Aalborg University did not supply at the time. Hence, we conclude that even the earnings of engineers, who are in high demand, are susceptible to supply effects.
Multigene‐based phylogeny analyses of the controversial family Condylostomatidae (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea)
Authors: Chen Xumiao , Li Ju , Xu Kuidong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCondylostoma, the type genus of the family Condylostomatidae, is a well‐known and taxonomically confusing genus with more than 30 nominal species. The phylogenetic relationships among congeners and related genera remain obscure despite the continuous discovery of new species and detailed redescription of known species over the past decades. Based on a total of 24 new sequences obtained from nine Condylostoma isolates, we conducted phylogenetic analyses by combining multiple marker genes. The molecular phylogenetic trees indicate that: (a) the monophyly of the family Condylostomatidae is supported by the rDNA locus and SSU rDNA sequences with high support value but is no longer sustained by both the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and LSU rDNA sequences; (b) Condylostoma is very likely a paraphyletic genus, and the possibility that it is a polyphyletic group cannot be denied, and (c) the genera Condylostentor and Chattonidium are suggested to evolve from a radiation of Condylostoma species. Furthermore, in an effort to provide better resolutions for understanding the evolutionary relationships of condylostomatids, the secondary structures of the variable regions 2 and 4 (V2 and V4) of SSU rDNA and ITS2 transcripts are predicted. The results revealed that the V2 and V4 structures are rather conserved at the genus level, while the ITS2 structures are much more variable.
Accuracy of Physical Activity Monitors for Steps and Calorie Measurement During Pregnancy Walking
Authors: Montoye Alexander H.K. , Dahmen Jordana , Campbell Nigel , Connolly Christopher P. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to validate consumer-based and research-grade PA monitors for step counting and Calorie expenditure during treadmill walking. Methods: Participants (n = 40, 24 in second trimester and 16 in third trimester) completed five 2-minute walking activities (1.5–3.5 miles/hour in 0.5 mile/hour increments) while wearing five PA monitors (right hip: ActiGraph Link [AG]; left hip: Omron HJ-720 [OM]; left front pants pocket: New Lifestyles NL 2000 [NL]; non-dominant wrist: Fitbit Flex [FF]; right ankle: StepWatch [SW]). Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to determine device accuracy for step counting (all monitors) and Calorie expenditure (AG with Freedson equations and FF) compared to criterion measures (hand tally for steps, indirect Calorimetry for Calories). Results: For step counting, the SW had MAPE ≤ 10% at all walking speeds, and the OM and NL had MAPE ≤ 10% for all speeds but 1.5 miles/hour. The AG had MAPE ≤ 10% for only 3.0–3.5 miles/hour speeds, and the FF had high MAPE for all speeds. For Calories, the FF and AG had MAPE > 10% for all speeds, with the FF overestimating Calories expended. Trimester did not affect PA monitor accuracy for step counting but did affect accuracy for Calorie expenditure. Conclusion: The ankle-worn SW and hip-worn OM had high accuracy for measuring step counts at all treadmill walking speeds, whereas the NL had high accuracy for speeds ≥2.0 miles/hour. Conversely, the monitors tested for Calorie expenditure have poor accuracy and should be interpreted cautiously for walking behavior.
Emotional and behavioral problems in children with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: van der Mheen Malindi , van der Meulen Marijke H , den Boer Susanna L , Schreutelkamp Dayenne J , van der Ende Jan , de Nijs Pieter FA , Breur Johannes MPJ , Tanke Ronald B , Blom Nico A , Rammeloo Lukas AJ , ten Harkel Arend DJ , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J , Utens Elisabeth MWJ , Dalinghaus Michiel 
Published: September 2019

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children is an important cause of severe heart failure and carries a poor prognosis. Adults with heart failure are at increased risk of anxiety and depression and such symptoms predict adverse clinical outcomes such as mortality. In children with DCM, studies examining these associations are scarce. Aims: We studied whether in children with DCM: (1) the level of emotional and behavioral problems was increased as compared to normative data, and (2) depressive and anxiety problems were associated with the combined risk of death or cardiac transplantation. Methods: To assess emotional and behavioral problems in children with DCM, parents of 68 children, aged 1.5–18 years (6.9±5.7 years), completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Compared to normative data, more young children (1.5–5 years) with DCM had somatic complaints (24.3% vs. 8.0%; p < .001), but fewer had externalizing problems (5.4% vs. 17.0%; p = .049). Overall internalizing problems did not reach significance. Compared to normative data, more older children (6–18 years) showed internalizing problems (38.7% vs. 17.0%; p = .001), including depressive (29.0% vs. 8.0%; p < .001) and anxiety problems (19.4% vs. 8.0%; p = .023), and somatic complaints (29.0% vs. 8.0%; p < .001). Anxiety and depressive problems, corrected for heart failure severity, did not predict the risk of death or cardiac transplantation. Conclusion: Children of 6 years and older showed more depressive and anxiety problems than the normative population. Moreover, in both age groups, somatic problems were common. No association with outcome could be demonstrated.
Changes in cortical motor outputs after a motor relapse of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chieffo Raffaella , Straffi Laura , Inuggi Alberto , Coppi Elisabetta , Moiola Lucia , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: September 2019

Background Motor recovery following a multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse depends on mechanisms of tissue repair but also on the capacity of the central nervous system for compensating of permanent damage. Objectives We aimed to investigate changes in corticospinal plasticity and interhemispheric connections after a relapse of MS using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods Twenty healthy and 13 relapsing–remitting MS subjects with a first motor relapse were included. TMS mapping and ipsilateral silent period (iSP) were performed after relapse and at 6-month follow-up. Results Strength and dexterity of the paretic hand were impaired at baseline and improved over time. After relapse, mapamplitude and mapdensity were decreased for the ipsilesional-corticospinal tract (IL-CST) while expanded for the contralesional-CST (CL-CST). At follow-up, map parameters normalized for the CL-CST independently from recovery while the increase of outputs from the IL-CST was associated with straight and dexterity improvement. iSP measurements were impaired in MS irrespective of the phase of the disease. Prolonged iSPduration at baseline was associated with less dexterity recovery. Conclusions After a motor relapse, TMS mapping shows acute changes in corticospinal excitability and rearrangements of motor outputs. iSP is less influenced by the phase of disease but may better predict recovery, possibly reflecting the integrity of interhemispheric motor networks.
Examining Multilevel Factors Associated with the Process of Resilience among Women Living with HIV in a Large Canadian Cohort Study: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Kteily-Hawa Roula , Warren Laura , Kazemi Mina , Logie Carmen H. , Islam Shazia , Kaida Angela , Conway Tracey , Persad Yasmeen , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Loutfy Mona 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: We examined how multiple, nested, and interacting systems impact the protective process of resilience for women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods: Using data from a Cohort Study, we conducted univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression, and a 2-step structural equation modeling for the outcome, high resilience (N = 1422). Results: Participants reported high overall resilience scores with a mean of 62.2 (standard deviation = 8.1) and median of 64 (interquartile range = 59-69). The odds of having high resilience were greater for those residing in Quebec compared to Ontario (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.1 [1.6, 2.9]) and British Columbia (aOR = 1.8 [1.3, 2.5]). Transgender women had increased odds of high resilience than cisgender women (aOR = 1.9 [1.0, 3.6]). There were higher odds of resilience for those without mental health diagnoses (aOR = 2.4 [1.9, 3.0]), non-binge drinkers (aOR=1.5 [1.1, 2.1]), and not currently versus previously injecting drugs (aOR = 3.6 [2.1, 5.9]). Structural equation modeling confirmed that factors influencing resilience lie at multiple levels: micro, meso, exo, and macro systems of influence. Conclusion: There is a need to consider resilience as the interaction between the person and their environments, informing the development of multilevel interventions to support resilience among WLWH.
Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
Authors: Gavazov Kiril B. , Delchev Vassil B. , Milcheva Nikolina P. , Toncheva Galya K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe azo dye 4-(2-thiazolylazo)orcinol (TAO) and the cationic ion-pair reagent 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) were examined as constituents of a water-chloroform extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV). The effects of TAO concentration, TTC concentration, pH and extraction time were examined. Under the optimum conditions the extracted complex has a composition of 1:2:1 (V:TAO:TTC). The absorption maximum, molar absorptivity and constant of extraction were determined to be λmax=544 nm, ε544=1.75×104 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 and Log Kex=4.1. The ground state equilibrium geometries of the possible monoanionic VIV-TAO 1:2 species were optimized by the HF method using 3-21G* basis functions. Their theoretical time dependent electronic spectra were simulated and compared with the experimental spectrum. The best fit was obtained for the structure in which one of the TAO ligands is tridentate, but the other is monodentate (bound to VIV through the oxygen which is in the ortho-position to the azo group) and forms a hydrogen bond N–H...O=V through its protonated heterocyclic nitrogen. Based on this unusual structure, which can explain some peculiarities of the complex formation between VIV and commonly used azo dyes, the ground state equilibrium geometry of the whole ternary 1:2:1 complex was computed at the HF and BLYP levels.
Why are Stalin and Google alike? The Russian internet’s representation of Stalin
Authors: Tatyana Khoruzhenko 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine how the image of Josef Stalin is presented on the Russian internet. The main focus of our study will be the macro images and memes published on social media. This article examines how memes were used to articulate an attitude towards Stalin and his time in modern day Russia. The article touches upon three groups of memes: the comparison of Stalin and Putin, Stalin as a victor in the Great Patriotic war and Stalin as a dictator. It is stated that memes are closely connected with the tradition of soviet anecdotes in form and in themes. It is concluded that three groups of memes analyzed are the new ways to express the political satire. The most direct is the first one, yet the last one is the most striking.
Solidarity as Social Involvement
Authors: Frega Roberto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper reclaims the concept of solidarity for democratic theory. It does this by proposing a theory of solidarity as social involvement that is construed through the integration of three better known conceptions of solidarity that have played an influential role in the political thought of the last two centuries. The paper begins by explaining why solidarity should receive more sustained attention from political theorists with an interest in democracy, and proceeds by presenting two indispensability arguments. Section three outlines the three rival conceptions of solidarity and contends that whilst individually incomplete, each provides an important insight, so that a fuller and more satisfying conception of solidarity can be developed by weaving together some features of these three conceptions. This task is undertaken in section four, which introduces the theory of solidarity as social involvement, defining solidarity in terms of acting-for and acting-with. Section five briefly discusses some of its potential implications for democratic theory, before bringing the article to a close.