bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propofol inhibits biological functions of leukaemia stem and differentiated cells through suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin and Akt/mTOR
Authors: Chen Liufang , Wan Yingchun , Liu Youtan , Li Tao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe biological roles of intravenous anaesthetic propofol in cancer have been shown by various studies using cancer cell lines that represent differentiated cancer cells. However, the activities of propofol in cancer stem cells have not been elucidated. In this work, we examined the effects and mechanisms of propofol on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) differentiated and CD34+CD38− stem cells. We found that propofol inhibited growth, differentiation and self‐renewal capabilities of AML stem cells regardless of cellular origin and genetic profiling. In addition, propofol inhibited the growth of AML differentiated cells. Propofol significantly induced apoptosis of AML differentiated but not CD34+CD38− stem cells. We further found that propofol significantly augmented the efficacy of AML standard therapeutic drugs. Consistent with the previous findings, we showed that propofol suppressed the Akt/mTOR pathway in AML cells. We also found that propofol inhibited pathways important for stem cell maintenance and self‐renewal, such as Wnt/β‐catenin. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt partially reversed the inhibitory effects of propofol in AML differentiated cells. Stabilization of β‐catenin using genetic and pharmacological approaches also partially rescued the inhibitory effects of propofol in AML differentiated and stem cells. Our work shows that propofol targets leukaemia cells at all stages of development, in a cell type‐specific manner. Inhibition of both Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β‐catenin is required for the action of propofol in AML. Our findings also highlight the activities of propofol on cancer stem cells.
Embryo growth and dormancy in seeds of six Hosta species native to Korea
Authors: Ryu Sun‐Hee , Walck Jeffrey L. , Hidayati Siti N. , Rhie Yong‐Ha , Yang Jong‐Cheol , Lee Seung‐Youn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough it has been speculated that Hosta seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and morphological (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), no detailed studies have been carried out to definitively confirm this suggestion. Our first purpose was to determine if embryos of six Korean species of Hosta (H. capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesii, H. minor, H. venusta and H. yingeri) grew inside the seeds prior to germination (i.e., were underdeveloped) or did not do so (i.e., were fully developed). Our second purpose was to identify the class of dormancy found in these seeds by examining germination during incubation at 15 and/or 25°C. The initial embryo : seed ratio in seeds of the six Hosta species was between 0.78 and 0.85, and embryos elongated by 9.6 to 17.5% prior to germination. Seeds of H. capitata, H. clausa, H. venusta and H. yingeri germinated to ≥65% in light and darkness at 15 and 25°C within 30 days, those of H. minor germinated to ≥80% in light and darkness at 25°C and to 24% in light and 50% in darkness at 15°C, and those of H. jonesii germinated to 100% in light at 25°C. We conclude that embryos in seeds of these six Hosta species are underdeveloped at maturity. Because high percentages of H. capitata, H. clausa, H. venusta and H. yingeri seeds germinated at cold and warm temperatures within 30 days, they have MD. On the other hand, seeds of H. minor germinated to high and low percentages at warm and cold temperatures, respectively. Thus, some seeds have MD and others may have MPD.
Digital Privacy and Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Woods Lorna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article considers the impact of digital technologies on privacy and, specifically, the issues arising from metadata. It takes the 2016 Investigatory Powers Act as an exemplar and argues, by reference to European case law, that while data arising from new technologies undoubtedly fall within the scope of privacy protections, there are questions as to the level of protection awarded. Questions arise from how the nature and intensity of intrusion is understood against a backdrop of ‘dataveillance’, as well as the underlying issue of whether ex post controls—through oversight mechanisms—are sufficient to safeguard privacy.
A research note exploring firm action announcements and consumer attributions of blame: The moderating role of base‐rate information
Authors: Yuan Zhimei , Guo Yi , Wang Xingdong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConsumer attributions of negative events have significant implications for crisis communication. This paper employs a scenario‐based between‐subjects design experiment to examine the effects of two types of action announcement, technical and ceremonial, on consumer attributions under different base‐rate conditions (crisis frequency in category). The findings suggest that, under high base‐rate condition, technical action announcements lead to more controllability and stability attributions than ceremonial action announcements for uninvolved firms. Under low base‐rate condition, technical action announcements lead to more stability attributions than ceremonial action announcements for involved firms.
Investigation on the Interaction Behavior Between Oenothein B and Pepsin by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Spectral Studies
Authors: Liu Zitao , Wang Li , Shi Lei , Chen Xun , Chang Yanlei , Cao Yong , Zhao Lichao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOenothein B (OeB) is a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin isolated from Herbs and fruits that have a variety of biological activities. In order to better understand the effect of OeB on the activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin, interactions between OeB and pepsin were investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions based on enzyme inhibition studies, fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, CD, and molecular docking. It was found OeB is an effective inhibitor of pepsin, likely acting in a reversible manner through both competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Fluorescence quenching of pepsin by OeB was a static quenching. CD spectra showed the addition of OeB causes the main chain of pepsin to loosen and expand and the partial β‐sheet structure to be converted to a disordered structure. Isothermal titration calorimetry and docking studies revealed the main binding mechanism of OeB and pepsin was through noncovalent interactions, hydrophobic interactions with OeB and the internal hydrophobic group of pepsin, and then hydrogen bonding between OeB and the Val243 and Asp77 residues of pepsin. Noncovalent bonds between OeB and pepsin change the polarity and structure of enzymes, decreasing enzymatic activity. Compared with small molecular polyphenols, OeB has a weaker hydrophobic interaction with pepsin and less effect on the secondary structure of pepsin. These findings are the first direct elucidation of the interactions between the oligomer ellagitannin OeB and pepsin, further contributing to understanding binding between oligomer ellagitannins and digestive enzymes.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study indicate that the interaction between OeB and pepsin has a certain inhibitory effect on pepsin. In order to reduce the impact of OeB on human digestion and its own activities, nano‐encapsulation technology can be used in the future to protect oligomeric ellagitannin such as OeB.
Drivers of Liking in a Model Retorted Creamy Tomato Soup System with Varying Levels of Sodium, Fat, and Herbs
Authors: Cox Ginnefer O. , Lee Youngsoo , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTargeting both sodium and fat reduction in processed foods while maintaining consumer acceptance is a challenge in the food industry due to the innate liking by humans toward both ingredients. Canned soup is one of the leading processed food categories containing high quantities of sodium. Efforts to reduce both sodium and fat content in canned soup products have been problematic due to resulting decreased consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the drivers of liking when sodium, fat, and herb levels are varied in a model retorted soup system. A creamy tomato soup system was developed containing four fat levels (free, low, reduced, regular), three sodium levels (low, reduced, regular), and two herb levels (with, without). Ninety‐six consumers rated the soups for overall liking on a 9‐point hedonic scale. A descriptive analysis panel composed of 10 trained panelists profiled the sensory attributes among the soups. Higher sodium level was found to be a driver of liking when fat content was reduced. Soups were significantly different in saltiness (taste) and tomato (aroma‐by‐mouth), based on varying fat and sodium levels. Herb content increased overall liking of lower sodium and fat soups and impacted attribute characterization of soups. Future steps would include approaches to increase overall liking of lower fat and sodium soups. Formulation modifications that would decrease intensities of attributes that characterize lower fat and sodium soups, such as sour (taste and aftertaste), grainy (texture), and darkness (appearance), will aid in higher consumer acceptance of these soups.Practical ApplicationWith hypertensive individuals requiring reductions of both dietary sodium and fat, food products lower in fat and sodium while maintaining sensory acceptability are needed. Identifying drivers of liking when sodium and fat levels are reduced in processed food systems can assist in product reformulation to increase overall liking. Additionally, understanding the impact of herbs in consumer acceptance of lower sodium and fat food products will also contribute to further advances in product development.
Compartmentalized effects of aging on group 2 innate lymphoid cell development and function
Authors: D'Souza Shanti S. , Shen Xiaofei , Fung Ivan T. H. , Ye Longyun , Kuentzel Marcy , Chittur Sridar V. , Furuya Yoichi , Siebel Christian W. , Maillard Ivan P. , Metzger Dennis W. , Yang Qi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effects of aging on innate immunity and the resulting impacts on immunosenescence remain poorly understood. Here, we report that aging induces compartmentalized changes to the development and function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), an ILC subset implicated in pulmonary homeostasis and tissue repair. Aging enhances bone marrow early ILC2 development through Notch signaling, but the newly generated circulating ILC2 are unable to settle in the lungs to replenish the concomitantly declining mature lung ILC2 pool in aged mice. Aged lung ILC2 are transcriptomically heterogeneous and functionally compromised, failing to produce cytokines at homeostasis and during influenza infection. They have reduced expression of Cyp2e1, a cytochrome P450 oxidase required for optimal ILC2 function. Transfer of lung ILC2 from young mice enhances resistance to influenza infection in old mice. These data highlight compartmentalized effects of aging on ILC and indicate that targeting tissue‐resident ILCs might unlock therapies to enhance resistance to infections and diseases in the elderly.
Evaluation of patient‐reported outcome measures of functional recovery following caesarean section: a systematic review using the consensus‐based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist
Authors: Sharawi N. , Klima L. , Shah R. , Blake L. , Carvalho B. , Sultan P. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWe performed a systematic review using ‘consensus‐based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments’ (COSMIN) criteria to identify and evaluate the quality of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) instruments that have been utilised to assess functional recovery following caesarean section, and determine the optimal instrument for use in this setting. A literature search was performed using five databases. Studies were included if a psychometrically validated instrument was used to assess functional recovery following caesarean section. The COSMIN appraisal checklist was utilised to: assess the quality of included studies reporting PROMs; determine psychometric quality of instruments; and identify the most promising instruments for use after caesarean section. We identified 13 PROMs used to assess the quality of recovery after caesarean section in 20 studies that included 9214 patients. All PROMs contained between two and seven domains. Five out of the 13 PROMs were specific to postpartum recovery. Only two of these PROM instruments were specifically designed for use after caesarean section (Obstetric Quality of Recovery‐11 and Recovery from Caesarean Section Scale). We found very few adequate measures of functional recovery following caesarean section. Overall, the Obstetric Quality of Recovery‐11 achieved the highest COSMIN standards for any PROM. Future development of PROMs for use after caesarean section should include multiple domains, and undergo validation as outlined by the COSMIN criteria.
Biventricular Impella use in pediatric patients with severe graft dysfunction from acute rejection after heart transplantation
Authors: Ankola Ashish A. , McAllister Jennie , Turner Mariel E. , Zuckerman Warren A. , Richmond Marc E. , Addonizio Linda J. , Lee Teresa M. , Law Sabrina P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRejection with severe hemodynamic compromise is a significant source of morbidity and mortality for pediatric heart transplant patients. Traditionally, treatment for these patients includes inotropes and escalation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) when necessary. There is increasing interest in using percutaneous ventricular assistive devices in the pediatric population as a less invasive alternative to ECMO. We report the largest case series to date of biventricular support using percutaneous Impella devices. Retrospective case series was performed by chart review. Hemodynamics, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and indices of end organ function were collected before and after Impella placement. A 14‐year‐old male, 18‐year‐old male, and 19‐year‐old female, all status post heart transplant, presented with severely decreased biventricular function due to presumed clinical rejection, requiring maximal inotropic support without improvement. In all the three cases, simultaneous Impella CP and RP devices were placed percutaneously. Prior to implantation, LVEFs were 40%, 23%, and 25%, respectively. Hemodynamics measured invasively prior to device placement showed elevated filling pressures. Adverse events while on support included bleeding, hemolysis, and right femoral arterial dissection during implantation. All patients were successfully weaned from the devices and survived to discharge. The average time of right‐sided support and total support was 11 days and 13 days, respectively. After device removal, right‐sided pressures and echocardiographic measurements showed improvement in all patients. Bilateral Impella configuration (BiPella) is a viable option for temporary mechanical circulatory support in pediatric patients with significant graft dysfunction.
The impact of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis ‐ A single center experience
Authors: Imamura Hajime , Minami Shigeki , Isagawa Yuriko , Morita Michi , Hirabaru Masataka , Kawahara Daisuke , Tokai Hirotaka , Noda Kazumasa , Inoue Keiji , Haraguchi Masashi , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe risk of developing hemorrhagic complications during or after surgery in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy remains uncertain. Moreover, the impact of antithrombotic therapy under an acute inflammatory status is unclear. We investigated the impact of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.MethodsThis record‐based retrospective study included patients who underwent emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between September 2015 and January 2019. Patients who received elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, or gallbladder drainage before surgery were excluded. We evaluated the diseases for which antithrombotic therapy was administered, background characteristics, laboratory parameters and perioperative outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis. The primary outcomes were intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion requirement, conversion to an open procedure, and postoperative complications, including bleeding.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one patients (non‐antithrombotic therapy, n = 92; antithrombotic therapy, n = 29) were analyzed. There were differences in age and American Association of Anesthesiologists class (P < .05), but not in the grade of acute cholecystitis (P = .19). There were no differences in the operation time (non‐antithrombotic vs antithrombotic therapy: 142 [58‐313] vs 146 minutes [65‐373], P = .85), bleeding (17.5 mL [1‐1400] vs 25 mL [1‐1337], P = .58), blood transfusion requirement (n = 3 [3.2%] vs n = 2 [6.9%], P = .59) and the number of cases converted to open surgery (n = 8 [9%] vs n = 2 [7%], P = 1). The rates of postoperative complications, including bleeding, did not differ between the two groups and there was no mortality in either group.ConclusionEmergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be planned for patients receiving single antithrombotic therapy, similar to patients who were not receiving antithrombotic therapy.
How we manage Bing–Neel syndrome
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBing–Neel syndrome (BNS) is an uncommon presentation of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM), seen during the course of the disease in about 1% of patients. BNS occurs when WM cells gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological deficits. The diagnosis of BNS is suggested by the presence of radiological abnormalities, such as leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed by the presence of clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells and MYD88 L265P in the cerebrospinal fluid. The treatment of BNS requires agents with good penetration into the CNS, such as fludarabine, methotrexate and cytarabine. The novel Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has shown CNS‐penetrating properties, and recent data suggest a therapeutic role in BNS. In this review, we will discuss the clinical and pathological features, diagnostic criteria, treatment options and outcomes of patients with BNS.
Quantifying regional biodiversity in the tropics: A case study of freshwater fish in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Jones Faith A. M. , Rutherford Mike G. , Deacon Amy E. , Phillip Dawn A. T. , Magurran Anne E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtinction rates are predicted to accelerate during the Anthropocene. Quantifying and mitigating these extinctions demands robust data on distributions of species and the diversity of taxa in regional biotas. However, many assemblages, particularly those in the tropics, are poorly characterized. Targeted surveys and historical museum collections are increasingly being used to meet the urgent need for accurate information, but the extent to which these contrasting data sources support meaningful inferences about biodiversity change in regional assemblages remains unclear. Here, we seek to elucidate uncertainty surrounding regional biodiversity estimates by evaluating the performance of these alternative methods in estimating the species richness and assemblage composition of the freshwater fish of Trinidad & Tobago. We compared estimates of regional species richness derived from two freshwater fish datasets: a targeted two year survey of Trinidad & Tobago rivers and historical museum collection records submitted to The University of the West Indies Zoology Museum. Richness was estimated using rarefaction and extrapolation, and assemblage composition was benchmarked against a recent literature review. Both datasets provided similar estimates of regional freshwater fish species richness (50 and 46 species, respectively), with a large overlap (85%) in species identities. Regional species richness estimates based on survey and museum data are thus comparable, and consistent in the species they include. Our results suggest that museum collection data are a viable option for setting reliable baselines in many tropical systems, thereby widening options for meaningful monitoring and evaluation of temporal trends.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Risk stratification of advanced colorectal neoplasia after baseline colonoscopy: Cohort study of 17 Japanese community practices
Authors: Shono Takashi , Oyama Shinichiro , Oda Yasushi , Yokomine Kazunori , Murakami Yoshitaka , Miyamoto Hideaki , Tanaka Motohiko , Naoe Hideaki , Sasaki Yutaka ,   the Kumamoto Colon Cancer Study Group
Published: August 2019

Background and AimIn Japan, risk stratification after baseline colonoscopy is not widely accepted. We investigated the findings of baseline colonoscopies at 17 community practices and evaluated the risk of the incidence of advanced neoplasia over a 5‐year period.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 3115 subjects over 40 years of age who underwent baseline colonoscopies and had at least one repeated colonoscopy within 5 years. Each group was classified based on the endoscopic findings of the baseline colonoscopy: no neoplasia/diminutive polyp <5 mm (N/D); small adenoma <10 mm; advanced adenoma; invasive cancer, respectively. We examined the incidence of advanced neoplasia during these 5 years and investigated the relationship between the surveillance colonoscopy and newly detected advanced neoplasia.ResultsThe small adenoma group did not show any significant increased risk as compared to the N/D group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.799. 95% CI 0.442–1.443). There was a significantly increased risk in the advanced adenoma and invasive cancer groups (HR: 4.996, 95% CI 2.940–8.491, HR: 3.737, 95% CI 1.309–10.666). Cancer incidences during the study period were 0.18% in the N/D group, and 1.9% in the invasive cancer group, respectively. Undergoing surveillance colonoscopies twice within 5 years decreased the risk of advanced neoplasia.ConclusionsThere was a close relationship between the endoscopic findings of baseline colonoscopies and subsequent advanced neoplasia development. Risk stratification for advanced neoplasia based on the baseline findings can serve as a useful index for determining the optimal interval and frequency of colonoscopies over a 5‐year period.
A mereological argument for the non‐spatiotemporality of things in themselves
Authors: Heide Dai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKant's published arguments for the non‐spatiotemporality of things in themselves have not been well received. I argue that Kant has available to himself an argument for the non‐spatiotemporality of things in themselves that is premised upon a disparity between the compositional structure of the intelligible world and the structure of space and time. I argue that Kant was unwaveringly committed to the premises of this argument throughout his career and that he was aware of their idealistic implications. I also argue that this argument is consistent with Kant's restrictive mature epistemology. If my argument is successful, then even if Kant's published arguments for transcendental idealism fail, we need not regard his ambitious metaphysical project as a failure.