bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of lighting fixtures and installations for renewable energy applications
Authors: Akinradewo Oriola Emmanuel , Obiyemi Obiseye Oluwaniyi , Oyelami Seun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnergy efficiency has been viewed as the most accessible and cost‐effective form of alternative energy. While lighting occupies only a small percentage in the total electric loads in homes, technological advances in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming more convincing in their power consumption and lumens output. This article evaluates the percentage that lighting occupied in the total load spectrum in the two main buildings at Osun State University and verifies the light level in the library reading rooms—places where adequate lighting is imperative—with recommended standards and a comparison between the output of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and the LEDs. The walk‐through energy audit approach was used to evaluate the percentage of energy that lighting consumes in these buildings. This approach involved identifying and grouping all of the electrical loads with their respective power ratings in Watts. Similarly, an illumination level verification campaign was conducted with the use of a digital light meter (a sensor‐based device) connected to a personal computer to log illumination levels in real time along the library's aisles and in the reading cubicles. The same light meter was used for comparing the output of installed CFL and proposed LEDs in an office space. Results indicate that lighting fixtures consume 12.2% of the load spectrum. The lighting installations also do not conform to global illumination standards for the assessed facilities, while the output of the LEDs that were tested was still low compared to the output of the CFLs. It is therefore recommended that better LED light sources be considered for efficient energy, reduction in environmental pollution associated with power generation, reduction in the power needed to maintain a cooling effect, and cost economy.
ACT‐R: A cognitive architecture for modeling cognition
Authors: Ritter Frank E. , Tehranchi Farnaz , Oury Jacob D. 
Published: December 2018

ACT‐R is a hybrid cognitive architecture. It is comprised of a set of programmable information processing mechanisms that can be used to predict and explain human behavior including cognition and interaction with the environment. We start by reviewing its history, which shapes its current form, contrasts and relates it to other architectures, and helps readers to anticipate where it is going. Based on this history, we then describe it as a theory of cognition that is realized as a computer program. After this, we briefly discuss tools for working with ACT‐R, and also note several major accomplishments that have been gained by working with ACT‐R in both basic and applied science, including summarizing some of the insights about human behavior. We conclude by discussing its future, which we believe will include adding emotions and physiology, increasing usability, and the use of nongenerative models.This article is categorized under:

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Psychology > Theory and Methods
D‐lactate‐selective amperometric biosensor based on the mitochondrial fraction of Ogataea polymorpha recombinant cells
Authors: Smutok Oleh , Karkovska Maria , Prokopiv Tetiana , Kavetskyy Taras , Sibirnyj Wladimir , Gonchar Mykhailo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the recent decades, a lot of data about the significance of D‐lactate determination in food technology and quality control have been accumulated. Nowadays, the development of new methods for the determination of D‐lactate is very relevant, especially with regard to biosensors. To construct a D‐lactate‐selective biosensor, we suggest using the mitochondria of recombinant yeast cells of Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha “tr6” (gcr1 catX/Δcyb2, prAOX_DLDH) overproducing D‐lactate: cytochrome c‐oxidoreductase (DLDH, EC 1.1.2.4) and lacking an L‐lactate‐specific enzyme (flavocytochrome b2, E.C. 1.1.2.3). The usage of the pure enzyme is problematic due to the complexity of its isolation and stabilization because of the intramembranous localization of DLDH. The enzyme catalyzes D‐lactate oxidation to pyruvate coupled with ferricytochrome c reduction to ferrocytochrome c.The constructed biosensor is characterized by high sensitivity (18.5 А·М−1·m−2), a low detection limit (3 μM of D‐lactate), wide linear ranges, good selectivity, and sufficient stability. The real samples' analysis of D‐lactate in dairy products was performed, and high correlation of the obtained results with the reference approach (0.7 < r < 1) and literature data was demonstrated.
Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Metastatic Lymph Nodes from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Preliminary Results
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Yudong , Zhang Lu , Ni Xiaofeng , Xu Shangyan , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur purpose is to assess the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for lymph node metastases (LNMs) from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC).MethodsIn total, 14 patients with recurrent PTC were enrolled in this retrospective study. The vascularity within the ablation zone was evaluated by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) after MWA. Patients were followed up with measurement of the size and volume of tumor, serum thyroglobulin, and clinical evaluation at 7 days, 1, 3, 6 months, and every 6 months thereafter.ResultsTwenty‐one LNMs were confirmed by biopsy and successfully treated by MWA in a single session. No incomplete ablation was detected by CEUS after treatment. The average largest diameter and volume of the tumors were reduced from 10.1 ± 4.7 mm (range, 3.1–20.0 mm) and 291.9 ± 255.6 mm3 (range, 11.6–766.6 mm3) to 0.9 ± 1.6 mm (range, 0–4.1 mm; p < 0.05) and 4.0 ± 9.0 mm3 (range, 0–31.6 mm3; p < 0.05) at the final follow‐up. Neither progression of treated tumors nor newly suspicious LNMs could be detected after treatment. The overall complication rate was 7.1% (1/14).ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided MWA can effectively control LNMs from PTC, but it is less safe for tumors in the central compartment. MWA may become an alternative therapy in selected PTC patients, who were ineligible or refused to undergo repeated neck explorations.
Effect of dietary reduction and sex class on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, excreted purine derivatives and infrared thermography of hair lambs
Authors: Pereira E. S. , Campos A. C. N. , Heinzen E. L. , Barbosa Filho J. A. D. , Carneiro M. S. S. , Fernandes D. R. , Bezerra L. R. , Oliveira R. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate whether dietary reduction and sex class affect nutrient intake, digestibility, purine derivative (PD) excretion and heat tolerance coefficient in lambs. Thirty-five hair lambs (14.5 ± 0.89 kg initial body weight (BW), 2 months old) were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, three sex classes (11 intact males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding (ad libitum, 300 and 600 g/kg/dry matter (DM) feed restriction) for 120 days. Intact and castrated males showed higher intakes of DM and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) than females. At 300 g/kg/DM feed restriction, NDFap digestibility was lower in intact males than in other classes; however, no differences were found between classes when subjected toad libitumfeeding or 600 g/kg/DM. The basal endogenous nitrogen and endogenous urinary losses were highest in intact males. Allantoin, uric acid and PD excretion, as well as PD absorption and microbial protein production were lowest in the animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. Microbial protein synthesis (MPS) was highest in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. The lowest temperatures were observed in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. The heat tolerance coefficient was highest in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. In conclusion, feed restriction reduced the time spent on feeding and rumination but increased the digestibility of DM. The restriction level of 600 g/kg/DM maximized MPS and infrared thermography indicated an elevated heat tolerance coefficient.
The Eruption and Ruination of ‘Rising India’: Rana Dasgupta's Capital and the temporalities of Delhi in the 2010s
Authors: MENDES ANA CRISTINA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 2000, the writer Rana Dasgupta moved from New York to Delhi, reversing his father's act of migration in the 1960s, to find a new, but already obsolescent, ‘rising India’. This was the India of the economic boom, whose extent and import have been increasingly under scrutiny. With reference to the temporalities of ‘rising India’, the purpose of this article is to examine the representation of globalization's multiple temporalities in Dasgupta's non-fiction work Capital: The Eruption of Delhi (2014). Capital is a returnee author's personal attempt to inhabit the multiple temporalities of Delhi, wherein the pull of globalization—here understood as neo-liberal corporate economic globalization—is alternatively embraced and resisted. This article argues that the conceptual limitations of the multiple-modernities framework are reflected in Dasgupta's representation of the multiple temporalities of globalization. It is through politicized and territorialized genealogies of ‘imperial debris’ such as Dasgupta's that we can arrive at new critiques of modernity. At the same time, this article is concerned with the ways in which Dasgupta's fractured and multi-temporal present of Delhi, inhabited by the old and the new, is being captured by a returnee from the United States of America to India who is concurrently the ‘other’ from ‘abroad’ and the ‘same’ at ‘home’. Ultimately, the book's re-Orientalist frame underscores, from the outset, the difficulty in decoupling ideas of modernity and progress from a Eurocentric, Enlightenment project.
Reimagining Asia: Indian and Australian women crossing borders
Authors: GOODALL HEATHER , GHOSH DEVLEENA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe decades from the 1940s to the 1960s were ones of increasing contacts between women of India and Australia. These were not built on a shared British colonial history, but on commitments to visions circulating globally of equality between races, sexes, and classes. Kapila Khandvala from Bombay and Lucy Woodcock from Sydney were two women who met during such campaigns. Interacting roughly on an equal footing, they were aware of each other's activism in the Second World War and the emerging Cold War. Khandvala and Woodcock both made major contributions to the women's movements of their countries, yet have been largely forgotten in recent histories, as have links between their countries. We analyse their interactions, views, and practices on issues to which they devoted their lives: women's rights, progressive education, and peace. Their beliefs and practices on each were shaped by their respective local contexts, although they shared ideologies that were circulating internationally. These kept them in contact over many years, during which Kapila built networks that brought Australians into the sphere of Indian women's awareness, while Lucy, in addition to her continuing contacts with Kapila, travelled to China and consolidated links between Australian and Chinese women in Sydney. Their activist world was centred not in Western Europe, but in a new Asia that linked Australia and India. Our comparative study of the work and interactions of these two activist women offers strategies for working on global histories, where collaborative research and analysis is conducted in both colonizing and colonized countries.
Monitoring norms: a multi-disciplinary perspective
Authors: Dastani Mehdi , Torroni Paolo , Yorke-Smith Neil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe concept of anormis found widely across fields including artificial intelligence, biology, computer security, cultural studies, economics, law, organizational behaviour and psychology. The concept is studied with different terminology and perspectives, including individual, social, legal and philosophical. If a norm is an expected behaviour in a social setting, then this article considers how it can be determined whether an individual is adhering to this expected behaviour. We call this processmonitoring, and again it is a concept known with different terminology in different fields. Monitoring of norms is foundational for processes of accountability, enforcement, regulation and sanctioning. Starting with a broad focus and narrowing to the multi-agent systems literature, this survey addresses four key questions: what is monitoring, what is monitored, who does the monitoring and how the monitoring is accomplished.
Ethical Dilemmas in Cyberspace
Authors: Finnemore Martha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis essay steps back from the more detailed regulatory discussions in other contributions to this roundtable on “Competing Visions for Cyberspace” and highlights three broad issues that raise ethical concerns about our activity online. First, the commodification of people—their identities, their data, their privacy—that lies at the heart of business models of many of the largest information and communication technologies companies risks instrumentalizing human beings. Second, concentrations of wealth and market power online may be contributing to economic inequalities and other forms of domination. Third, long-standing tensions between the security of states and the human security of people in those states have not been at all resolved online and deserve attention.
Feeling Like It Wasn't
Authors: Greiner Rae 
Published: December 2018

In “Is There a Problem with Historical Fiction (or with Scott's Redgauntlet)?”—an essay, as it happens, on Sir Walter Scott's great counterfactual novel—Harry E. Shaw calls on literary critics more fully to register “the remarkable variety of things history can do in novels, by short-circuiting the assumption that the representation of history in fiction is really always doing the same sort of work, or should be.” History might be a source of imaginative energy, a sort of launching pad for a book about timeless truths, as in Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities (“ultimately about individual sacrifice and transcendence, not about the French Revolution in the way in which Scott's Waverley is about the Forty-Five”); or the past might function as “a pastoral,” which is to say, as a field onto which authors project the concerns of their own times, as in Romola (depicting problems “in definitively Victorian terms and then project[ing them] back on to Renaissance Italy,” where they would have been understood quite differently [176–77]). Or history, what Shaw calls “objective history,” might be a work's actual subject (180). An historical novel of this last sort tells it like it was, or tries to. But even that novel is only doing so much, only making a use of history. Georg Lukács is therefore wrong in thinking that “a sufficiently dialectical mode of representation could capture everything” (Shaw 175). No one mode can capture all of even a highly delimited history at once.
NONPARTY PARTICIPATION AS A (PARTIAL) REMEDY TO PROCEDURALIST CONCERNS OVER JUDICIAL REVIEW
Authors: Callaghan Geoffrey D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe argument I defend in this paper takes for granted that the proceduralist indictment against judicial review is at least partly justifiable, and that a complete theory of democratic legitimacy will therefore attempt to address it to the greatest possible degree. I examine how the indictment can be addressed via the practice of nonparty participation, whereby members of the general public may seek participatory involvement in a court proceeding despite not being directly implicated by the dispute at issue. Through this practice, courts acquire a means to expose themselves to a cross-section of societal influences, which in turn can be said to improve the legitimacy of the decisions they render from a procedural perspective. Importantly, however, such legitimacy will not be transmitted spontaneously, as if the mere fact that courts allow nonparties to participate is all that is needed to address the proceduralist's concern. The crux of my argument is that only when the practice is conceived in a particular way, and is subjected to the appropriate conditions, does it have a genuine chance of realizing its legitimating promise.
Sharing is caring: the role of voter-candidate similarities in intra-party electoral competition
Authors: van Erkel Patrick F. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have found similarities with presidential candidates or party leaders to be an important factor in explaining voting behaviour. However, with the exception of gender, few studies have structurally studied voter-candidate similarities in intra-party electoral competition. This study investigates the Belgian case and argues that voter-candidate similarities play a role in the decision-making process of citizens when casting preferential votes. Moreover, it investigates whether underrepresented groups, and especially women, are more guided by these voter-candidate similarities than overrepresented groups. To achieve this aim voter and candidate characteristics are modelled simultaneously. This enables an investigation of the decision-making process of voters while taking into account structural inequalities at the supply side. The results demonstrate that citizens are indeed more likely to cast preferential votes for candidates similar to themselves and that these effects are stronger for underrepresented groups. Hence, preferential voting could ultimately pave the way for better descriptive representation.
Effort-Reward Imbalance and Burnout in German Kindergarten	Educators
Authors: Backhaus Olaf , Hampel Petra , Dadaczynski Kevin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment are increasingly identified as work-related risk factors for burnout and somatic symptoms. In order to explore the situation in German kindergarten educators, a cross-sectional study based on questionnaire responses from N = 1,933 was carried out. Burnout was found in 24.4% and somatic symptoms in 47.3% of the study participants. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify effort-reward imbalance (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.85–4.95) and overcommitment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.47) as independent predictors for burnout. Results confirm the high relevance of the effort-reward imbalance concept for the health status of kindergarten educators.
The Internal Cycling of Zinc in the Ocean
Authors: Roshan Saeed , DeVries Tim , Wu Jingfeng , Chen Gedun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe internal cycling of zinc (Zn) in the ocean has been a longstanding mystery. Particularly puzzling is the strong correlation between Zn and silicate (SiO44−), but not phosphate (PO43−), even though Zn is involved with cell functions that regulate PO43− uptake and are unrelated to SiO44− uptake. To help solve this mystery, we use an artificial neural network to produce global maps of dissolved Zn, and then use a diagnostic model to infer rates of uptake and regeneration for Zn, SiO44−, and PO43−. We find that plankton in the Southern Ocean account for 62 (±32)% of global Zn uptake. The plankton Zn:PO43− uptake ratio increases by more than tenfold from the low latitudes to the Southern Ocean, a much larger range than expected from culture studies, suggesting controls from factors such as iron availability. Reconstruction of particulate Zn (PZn), phosphorus (PP), and biogenic silica (PSi) fluxes reveals that PZn remineralizes like PP, and not like PSi. However, a small flux of PZn into the deep ocean is not matched by an equivalent flux of PP, which is likely due to the combined effects of desorption of scavenged Zn and the input of hydrothermal Zn in the deep ocean. This small difference in the remineralization of PZn and PP, combined with the patterns of surface uptake, eliminates the correlation between Zn and PO43− in the deep ocean and causes a tight correlation between Zn and SiO44−. This coincidental correlation cannot be expected to hold for past and future states of the ocean.
The Development of a Space Climatology: 3. Models of the Evolution of Distributions of Space Weather Variables With Timescale
Authors: Lockwood Mike , Bentley Sarah N. , Owens Mathew J. , Barnard Luke A. , Scott Chris J. , Watt Clare E. , Allanson Oliver , Freeman Mervyn P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study how the probability distribution functions of power input to the magnetosphere Pα and of the geomagnetic ap and Dst indices vary with averaging timescale, τ, between 3 hr and 1 year. From this we develop and present algorithms to empirically model the distributions for a given τ and a given annual mean value. We show that lognormal distributions work well for ap, but because of the spread of Dst for low activity conditions, the optimum formulation for Dst leads to distributions better described by something like the Weibull formulation. Annual means can be estimated using telescope observations of sunspots and modeling, and so this allows the distributions to be estimated at any given τ between 3 hr and 1 year for any of the past 400 years, which is another important step toward a useful space weather climatology. The algorithms apply to the core of the distributions and can be used to predict the occurrence rate of large events (in the top 5% of activity levels): they may contain some, albeit limited, information relevant to characterizing the much rarer superstorm events with extreme value statistics. The algorithm for the Dst index is the more complex one because, unlike ap, Dst can take on either sign and future improvements to it are suggested.
Measuring Single-Cell Phenotypic Growth Heterogeneity Using a Microfluidic Cell Volume Sensor
Authors: Jing Wenyang , Camellato Brendan , Roney Ian J. , Kaern Mads , Godin Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn imaging-integrated microfluidic cell volume sensor was used to evaluate the volumetric growth rate of single cells from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae population exhibiting two phenotypic expression states of the PDR5 gene. This gene grants multidrug resistance by transcribing a membrane transporter capable of pumping out cytotoxic compounds from the cell. Utilizing fluorescent markers, single cells were isolated and trapped, then their growth rates were measured in two on-chip environments: rich media and media dosed with the antibiotic cycloheximide. Approximating growth rates to first-order, we assessed the fitness of individual cells and found that those with low PDR5 expression had higher fitness in rich media whereas cells with high PDR5 expression had higher fitness in the presence of the drug. Moreover, the drug dramatically reduced the fitness of cells with low PDR5 expression but had comparatively minimal impact on the fitness of cells with high PDR5 expression. Our experiments show the utility of this imaging-integrated microfluidic cell volume sensor for high-resolution, single-cell analysis, as well as its potential application for studies that characterize and compare the fitness and morphology of individual cells from heterogeneous populations under different growth conditions.