bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sejarah Manusia Purba di Antara Kontroversi, Penolakan, dan Penerimaan
Authors: M.Hum Irvan Lestari, 
Published: August 2019

Sejarah asal-usul manusia yang dijelaskan dengan teori evolusi tidak dapat diterima oleh semua kalangan. Tidak sedikit ilmuwan yang menolak penjelasan jika manusia berawal dari kera atau seketurunan dengan kera. Bahkan mereka yang tidak sependapat dengan gagasan evolusi menilai jika penjelasan tentang sejarah asal-usul manusia melalui skema evolusi, dengan menyebutkan Meganthropus adalah nenek moyang manusia telah menghilangkan Tuhan sebagai pencipta atau setidaknya telah mereduksi peranan Tuhan. Karena kitab suci Al Quran menyebutkan jika manusia pertama adalah Adam.
Namun, di sisi lain narasi sejarah tentang manusia purba dianggap merupakan fakta dan dianggap tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran agama serta kitab suci. Bagi kelompok ini, sejarah tentang bagaimana kemunculan manusia pertama kali di muka bumi tidak cukup hanya dijelaskan sebagai hasil ciptaan Tuhan semata. Usaha ilmiah untuk dapat menjawab bagaimana sejarah asal-usul manusia perlu dilakukan. Kitab suci tidak membatasi orang untuk melakukan penelaahan, jika terdapat pertentangan hal itu dianggap wajar. Sifat ilmu pengetahuan terbuka untuk dikoreksi, sanggahan dari suatu pendapat atau teori akan menyempurnakan ilmu pengetahuan. Sejarah manusia purba menjadi bagian dari sekian materi sejarah yang terus diperdebatkan, ia telah menjadi sebuah bahasan kontroversial.
Fast and Effective Techniques for LWIR Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Dimension-Reduction Approach
Authors: Westing Nicholas , Borghetti Brett , Gross Kevin C. 
Published: August 2019

The increasing spatial and spectral resolution of hyperspectral imagers yields detailed spectroscopy measurements from both space-based and airborne platforms. These detailed measurements allow for material classification, with many recent advancements from the fields of machine learning and deep learning. In many scenarios, the hyperspectral image must first be corrected or compensated for atmospheric effects. Radiative Transfer (RT) computations can provide look up tables (LUTs) to support these corrections. This research investigates a dimension-reduction approach using machine learning methods to create an effective sensor-specific long-wave infrared (LWIR) RT model. The utility of this approach is investigated emulating the Mako LWIR hyperspectral sensor ( Δ λ ≃ 0.044 μ m , Δ ν ˜ ≃ 3.9 cm − 1 ). This study employs physics-based metrics and loss functions to identify promising dimension-reduction techniques and reduce at-sensor radiance reconstruction error. The derived RT model shows an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 1 K across reflective to emissive grey-body emissivity profiles.
MENUJU PENDIDIKAN KATOLIK YANG MEMIHAK ORANG MISKIN
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus Wisnu 
Published: August 2019

Naturally, all mankinds have a desire to know. In this pattern knew that education is the natural need of the human being. This fact encourages the Catholic Church to dedicate his lives for education. This paper will punctuate the option of the Church that the poor and the oppressed must be helped, especially in education. This option, of course, has little popularity, because of its risks. Education is effective evangelization. Meanwhile, as the power and culture of the empire were deteriorating, the Catholic Church was gaining headway, especially among the poor and oppressed masses.
Control de las medidas de asepsia en el área neonatológica de un Hospital al sur de Ecuador
Authors: Calderón Carmen Silverio , Cabrera Gia Cristhian Damian 
Published: August 2019

Recibido: 09 de abril de 2019Aprobado: 20 de mayo de 2019El presente artículo es un estudio descriptivo que cumple con el objetivo de identificar la aplicación de medidas de control para mejorar la asepsia en la atención neonatal, mediante un estudio microbiológico de un Hospital ubicado al sur del Ecuador. Para lo cual se aplicó el método de Inoculación, mediante la técnica de sedimentación en placa, método de aislamiento, método Gravimétrico, Método Volumétrico, método McFarland, se aplicaron pruebas bioquímicas y enzimáticas. Las muestras ambientales (cajas petri) fueron procesadas en el área de bacteriología según el Protocolo de Toma de Muestra de Ambiente, establecido por el Hospital en estudio. Se determinó mediante el estudio microbiológico que la presencia de microorganismos en ambiente del área de neonatología de un Hospital ubicado al Sur del Ecuador fue de <5 Unidades Formadores de Colonias por cada muestra positiva analizada y se identificó al S. epidermis como el agente con mayor frecuencia por ostentarse por 4 ocasiones y se identificó a la Unidad de Cuidados Básicos como la unidad con mayor continuidad de colonias por presentar un crecimiento de 11 colonias bacterianas; concluyendo que la presencia de microorganismos en el Hospital estudiado fue mínima. De los 14 muestreos realizados, se destaca S. epidermis en un 80%, S. saprophyticus 12%, E. coli en un 4% y Serratia marcescens 4%. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos en las unidades de estudio con la Norma UNE‐EN‐ISO 14698‐1/2:2006 se clasificó como ambientes muy limpios, sin evidenciar riesgo para la salud de los recién nacidos.
Faktor determinan kesintasan hidup lebih dari lima tahun pada pasien hemodialisis reguler
Authors: Sudjana Karismayusa , Ayu Nyoman Paramita , Kandarini Yenny , Widiana Raka , Sudhana Wayan , Loekman Jodi Sidharta , Suwitra Ketut 
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang: Pasien hemodialisis regular memiliki risiko mortalitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasinormal. Angka kesintasam hidup lima tahun pasien hemodialisis regular adalah 35,8% namun angka ini bervariasi di tiap populasi dan dipengaruhi berbagai faktor.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan dari kesintasan hidup lebih dari lima tahun pada pasien hemodialisis regular.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kasus-kontrol. Data diambil dari Indonesian Renal Registry Report di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali. 37 pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis regular selama lebih dari 5 tahun dicocokkan dengan 37 pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis regular selama kurang dari 5 tahun, berdasarkan umur. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square.Hasil: Prevalensi pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis regular selama lebih dari 5 tahun didapatkan 9,52%. Kamimenganalisa etiologi penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK), jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, anemia, dan status kecukupanhemodialisis. Perbedaan signifikan kedua kelompok didapatkan pada etiologi PGK (p = 0,021) dan anemia p=0,0). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan signifikan pada jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, dan status kecukupan hemodialisis (p = 0,63, p = 0,64, dan p = 0,34).Simpulan: Penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa faktor determinan yang berperan signifikan pada kesintasan hidup lebih dari 5 tahun adalah etiologi PGK dan status anemia.
Developing a Better and More User-Friendly Numeracy Scale for Patients
Authors: Hill W. Trey , Brase Gary L. , Kenney Kevin L. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
A person's ability to work with and understand numerical information (i.e., numeracy) is increasingly important in everyday health and other decision-making contexts. Several survey measures of numeracy have been developed to address this trend, including the widely used General Numeracy Scale (GNS), which is thematically focused on health decision-making and is assumed to measure a unidimensional construct of numeracy.

Objective:
The present research was designed to evaluate this proposed unidimensional structure of general numeracy, for which prior data have given mixed empirical support.

Methods:
Three samples completed the GNS, in different forms, and responses were analyzed in terms of underlying factor structure.

Key Results:
We show that both one-factor and four-factor models of numeracy are plausible based on the GNS (Study 1), and then develop a multiple-choice version of the GNS (i.e., the MC-GNS) that demonstrates some increased clarity in factor structure due to the consistent response format (Study 2). A further study evaluated the convergent and discriminant validity of the MC-GNS (Study 3), finding it to be as good as or better than the prior scale.

Conclusions:

Additionally, the MC-GNS is easier for people to take, likely to be less stressful, and easier for practitioners to score. Collectively, this research identifies a problem with the GNS measure, develops improvements to help address this problem, and in the process creates a way to more easily measure numeracy in practical settings.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(3):e174–e180.]

Plain Language Summary:
Numeracy is important across health contexts. Prevalent numeracy scales assumedly measure a single construct but empirical support for this is lacking. We find both one- and four-factor models are consistent with one scale and develop a revision that clarifies this structure without sacrificing validity. This revised numeracy scale is easier to administer and score, and therefore preferable in practical settings.
Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial
Authors: Comas-Bru Laia , Harrison Sandy P. , Werner Martin , Rehfeld Kira , Scroxton Nick , Veiga-Pires Cristina ,   SISAL working group members
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used
to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists
regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A
number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate
simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the
speleothem data for data–model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using
456 globally distributed speleothem δ18O records from an
updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL)
database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso
isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL
records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability
in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for
evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the
discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large
numbers of records if data–model comparisons are made using the traditional
approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given
palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques
through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be
used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope
records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial
isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem
isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to
take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on δ18O
values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the
selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope
data for palaeo-time-slices.
El Cancionero de romances (Amberes: Martín Nucio, 1550) de la Hispanic Society of America: Confluencia de prácticas impresas y manuscritasThe Cancionero de romances (Antwerp: Martin Nucio, 1550) of the Hispanic Society of America: Confluence of Printing and Scribal Practices
Authors: Altamirano Magdalena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The fly-leaves of the Cancionero de romances (Antwerp: Martin Nucio, 1550), held in the Hispanic Society of America, were inscribed with poetic marginalia. Practices from manuscript culture, adopted by the printing press, facilitated the conversion of the volume into a space of collaboration among authors, printers, readers, bookbinders, and, perhaps, also forgers. This collaboration and the volume's complex history speak to the ways of reading of a person who was very different from the majority of Nucio's typical readers.
Body Mass Index and Age Correlation with Prostate-specific Antigen Density as Prostate Cancer Risk Indicators in a Screened Male University Population in Nigeria: A Pilot Study
Authors: Eyam Eyam Sunday , Bassey Ima-Abasi E. , Isiwele Edoise M. , Eberechukwu Eyam Lilian 
Published: August 2019

Background: Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is one of the means of improving PSA sensitivity as a marker of a prostate cancer diagnosis. However, this ability is perceived to be obscured by certain factors such as high body mass index and age in Caucasian and western populations, which tends to reduce its sensitivity and lead to misclassification of at-risk patients for prostate cancer.
Aim: We studied the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and age with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as indicators of prostate cancer risk in a screened male population(40 years and above) in the University of Calabar, Nigeria.
Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study with consecutive participant recruitment.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the University of Calabar Medical centre during a medical outreach.
Materials and Methods: The study involved sixty-one (61) healthy male participants. BMI was mathematically determined from the weight and height and was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity based on the WHO classification with values of <18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30 (Kg/m2) respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PSA and transrectal ultrasound scan was done to estimate the prostate volume and was used to calculate the prostate-specific antigen density.
Results: Over 67% of participants had PSA values below 4.0 ng/ml, 14.8% between 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, and 18% above 10.0 ng/ml. Body mass index (BMI) assessment revealed that 1.6% of the sampled population had BMI <18.5 Kg/m2, 32.8% had BMI between 18.5 Kg/m2 and 24.9 Kg/m2, while 50.8% were noticed to have a BMI of between 25.0 Kg/m2 and 29.9 Kg/m2, and 14.8% had BMI of 30 Kg/m2 and above.
Conclusion: There was an inverse correlation of BMI with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and a direct correlation of age with PSAD in this study of Nigerian men.
Relaxant Activities of Extracts from Uvaria rufa Blume and Caesalpinia sappan L. on Excised Rat’s Prostate Strips
Authors: Buncharoen Wararut , Saenphet Supap , Saenphet Kanokporn 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the relaxant activity of various extracts from the stems of Uraria rufa Blume and Caesalpinia sappan L. on rats’ prostate strips in vitro.
Study Design: The relaxant efficacies of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts from the stems of U. rufa (UEA and UEOH) and C. sappan (CEA and CEOH) were tested on isolated rats’ prostate tissue pre-contracted by adrenaline.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, between February and September 2018.
Methodology: A prostate strip was isolated, mounted in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution and induced to contract by adrenaline. The contracted strip was then exposed to each extract at 250 µg/mL for 30 minutes. The tension was recorded. Relaxant efficacies of various extracts were determined in prostate strips pre-contracted by adrenaline at 10 µM. All extracts were also determined for their bioactive components and the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids.
Results: The results showed that all of the extracts, as well as tamsulosin, a synthetic drug, exhibited relaxant effects (P < 0.001) on prostate smooth muscles. The UEA exhibited the most potency in relaxing the prostate smooth muscle with a maximal effect of 72.09 ± 2.15 %. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of the UEA, CEOH, UEOH and CEA were 140.23 ± 9.74, 226.35 ± 7.16, 235.35 ± 24.96 and 236.24 ± 5.05 µg/ml respectively, while tamsulosin was 86.83 ± 8.96 µg/ml. All extracts contained flavonoids, phenolics, sterols, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and reducing sugars. The highest contents of phenolics and flavonoids were found in CEOH and CEA respectively.
Conclusion: We concluded that the ethyl acetate from the stems of U. rufa was the most potent in relaxing the prostate smooth muscles, and it may be useful to relieve the urological symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Supporting Survival of Transplanted Stem‐Cell‐Derived Insulin‐Producing Cells in an Encapsulation Device Augmented with Controlled Release of Amino Acids
Authors: Chendke Gauree S. , Faleo Gaetano , Juang Charity , Parent Audrey V. , Bernards Daniel A. , Hebrok Matthias , Tang Qizhi , Desai Tejal A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type I diabetes, which is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the host immune cells attack insulin‐producing beta cells. The impact of this therapy is limited due to tissue availability and dependence on immunosuppressive drugs that prevent immune rejection of the transplanted cells. These issues can be solved by encapsulating stem cell‐derived insulin‐producing cells in an immunoprotective device. However, encapsulation exacerbates ischemia, and the lack of vasculature at the implantation site post‐transplantation worsens graft survival. Here, an encapsulation device that supplements nutrients to the cells is developed to improve the survival of encapsulated stem cell‐derived insulin‐producing cells in the poorly vascularized subcutaneous space. An internal compartment in the device is fabricated to provide zero‐order release of alanine and glutamine for several weeks. The amino acid reservoir sustains viability of insulin‐producing cells in nutrient limiting conditions in vitro. Moreover, the reservoir also increases cell survival by 30% after transplanting the graft in the subcutaneous space.
The Biaxial Strain Dependence of Magnetic Order in Spin Frustrated Mn3NiN Thin Films
Authors: Boldrin David , Johnson Freya , Thompson Ryan , Mihai Andrei P. , Zou Bin , Zemen Jan , Griffiths Jack , Gubeljak Patrik , Ormandy Kristian L. , Manuel Pascal , Khalyavin Dmitry D. , Ouladdiaf Bachir , Qureshi Navid , Petrov Peter , Branford Will , Cohen Lesley F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulticomponent magnetic phase diagrams are a key property of functional materials for a variety of uses, such as manipulation of magnetization for energy efficient memory, data storage, and cooling applications. Strong spin‐lattice coupling extends this functionality further by allowing electric‐field‐control of magnetization via strain coupling with a piezoelectric. Here this work explores the magnetic phase diagram of piezomagnetic Mn3NiN thin films, with a frustrated noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure, as a function of the growth induced biaxial strain. Under compressive strain, the films support a canted AFM state with large coercivity of the transverse anomalous Hall resistivity, ρxy, at low temperature, that transforms at a well‐defined Néel transition temperature (TN) into a soft ferrimagnetic‐like (FIM) state at high temperatures. In stark contrast, under tensile strain, the low temperature canted AFM phase transitions to a state where ρxy is an order of magnitude smaller and therefore consistent with a low magnetization phase. Neutron scattering confirms that the high temperature FIM‐like phase of compressively strained films is magnetically ordered and the transition at TN is first‐order. The results open the field toward future exploration of electric‐field‐driven piezospintronic and thin film caloric cooling applications in both Mn3NiN itself and the broader Mn3AN family.
Luminescence Thermometry on the Route of the Mobile‐Based Internet of Things (IoT): How Smart QR Codes Make It Real
Authors: Ramalho João F. C. B. , Correia Sandra F. H. , Fu Lianshe , António Lara L. F. , Brites Carlos D. S. , André Paulo S. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuick Response (QR) codes are a gateway to the Internet of things (IoT) due to the growing use of smartphones/mobile devices and its properties like fast and easy reading, capacity to store more information than that found in conventional codes, and versatility associated to the rapid and simplified access to information. Challenges encompass the enhancement of storage capacity limits and the evolution to a smart label for mobile devices decryption applications. Organic–inorganic hybrids with europium (Eu3+) and terbium (Tb3+) ions are processed as luminescent QR codes that are able to simultaneously double the storage capacity and sense temperature in real time using a photo taken with the charge‐coupled device of a smartphone. The methodology based on the intensity of the red and green pixels of the photo yields a maximum relative sensitivity and minimum temperature uncertainty of the QR code sensor (293 K) of 5.14% · K−1 and 0.194 K, respectively. As an added benefit, the intriguing performance results from energy transfer involving the thermal coupling between the Tb3+‐excited level (5D4) and the low‐lying triplet states of organic ligands, being the first example of an intramolecular primary thermometer. A mobile app is developed to materialize the concept of temperature reading through luminescent QR codes.
Reporting focused lung ultrasound studies in critical care. Recommendations from the College of Intensive Care Medicine Ultrasound Special Interest Group
Authors: Rudas Máté , Orde Sam , Yang Yang , Nalos Marek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the recommended procedure and common ultrasonographic findings and present a framework for labelling, recording and reporting of images obtained during a focused lung ultrasound study.BackgroundLung ultrasound is a widely utilised point‐of‐care investigation in acute care, providing valuable diagnostic information in patients with dyspnoea or haemodynamic instability. It has a number of recognised advantages and has been incorporated into a variety of clinical algorithms. Recommendations for performing lung ultrasound and description of common artefacts are readily available; however, there is a lack of a recognised framework for labelling and reporting a lung ultrasound study. Standardised recording, labelling and reporting are important clinically, while promoting consistency, quality assurance, teaching and research opportunities. Documenting lung ultrasound also has potential medico‐legal implications.ResultsFor focused lung ultrasound, an extended bilateral four‐quadrant approach is recommended. Acquired images and loops should be clearly labelled identifying left or right, anterior or lateral and inferior, superior or posterior locations. 2D loops should be of sufficient length to clearly demonstrate pleural sliding, complemented by M‐mode stills if required. Reports should provide information regarding the presence or absence of an intact pleural interface, the presence or absence and the size and nature of pleural collections as well as any parenchymal artefacts or consolidation, in all examined locations. It is important to use internationally accepted terminology to describe findings, and it is also recommended to conclude the report with a clear summary that can be interpreted by healthcare providers without specific training in lung ultrasound.