bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The professionalism of psychiatry registrars as perceived by patients and various health practitioners at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital, Pretoria
Authors: Banda Matthews M. , Van Staden Werdie C.W. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Amidst calls for improved professionalism, this study examined the professionalism of psychiatry registrars at Weskoppies Hospital as evaluated by their patients, themselves, their consultants and other health practitioners. The second objective was to examine the perceived importance of aspects of professionalism and compare these descriptively among the various health practitioners and patients.Method: Participants completed the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise Questionnaire in evaluating the professionalism of the registrar. The number of questionnaires completed by patients, allied health practitioners, consultant psychiatrists and psychiatry registrars were, respectively, 100, 50, 25 and 20; thus, 195 in total. This previously validated questionnaire consists of 21 items that enquire about doctor-patient relationship skills, reflective skills, time management and interprofessional relationship skills. Participants also ranked the three items of the questionnaire that they considered most important.Results: Highly statistically significant differences among four groups emerged for both the total and all four subscale scores, with patients generally rating the professionalism of registrars as lower, and not meeting with expectations. All four groups ranked ‘listened actively to patient’ and ‘showed interest in patient as person’ highly. Patients and allied health practitioners ranked the attribute ‘was on time’ highly, while consultants and registrars did not.Conclusion: Improving professionalism requires that the attributes ‘listening actively to patient’ and ‘recognising and meeting patient needs’ are taken seriously. Doing so requires that patients also evaluate the professionalism of registrars, rather than relying merely on the evaluation by consultants as being sufficient.
Nonlinear response of tropical lower-stratospheric temperature and water vapor to ENSO
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Gordon Amit , Oman Luke D. , Li Feng , Davis Sean , Pawson Steven 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A series of simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System
Chemistry–Climate Model are analyzed in order to aid in the
interpretation of observed interannual and sub-decadal variability in the
tropical lower stratosphere over the past 35 years. The impact of El
Niño–Southern Oscillation on temperature and water vapor in this region
is nonlinear in boreal spring. While moderate El Niño events lead to
cooling in this region, strong El Niño events lead to warming, even as
the response of the large-scale Brewer–Dobson circulation appears to scale
nearly linearly with El Niño. This nonlinearity is shown to arise from
the response in the Indo-West Pacific to El Niño: strong El Niño
events lead to tropospheric warming extending into the tropical tropopause
layer and up to the cold point in this region, where it allows for more water
vapor to enter the stratosphere. The net effect is that both strong La
Niña and strong El Niño events lead to enhanced entry water vapor and
stratospheric moistening in boreal spring and early summer. These results
lead to the following interpretation of the contribution of sea surface
temperatures to the decline in water vapor in the early
2000s: the very strong El Niño event in 1997/1998, followed by more than
2 consecutive years of La Niña, led to enhanced lower-stratospheric
water vapor. As this period ended in early 2001, entry water vapor
concentrations declined. This effect accounts for approximately one-quarter
of the observed drop.
Measurement of formic acid, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl peroxide in air by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: airborne method development
Authors: Treadaway Victoria , Heikes Brian G. , McNeill Ashley S. , Silwal Indira K. C. , O'Sullivan Daniel W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) method utilizing a reagent gas mixture of O2, CO2, and CH3I in N2 is described and optimized for quantitative gas-phase measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl peroxide (CH3OOH), formic acid (HCOOH), and the sum of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO; also known as glycolaldehyde). The instrumentation and methodology were designed for airborne in situ field measurements. The CIMS quantification of formic acid, acetic acid, and hydroxyacetaldehyde used I− cluster formation to produce and detect the ion clusters I−(HCOOH), I−(CH3COOH), and I−(HOCH2CHO), respectively. The CIMS also produced and detected I− clusters with hydrogen peroxide and methyl peroxide, I−(H2O2) and I−(CH3OOH), though the sensitivity was lower than with the O2− (CO2) and O2− ion clusters, respectively. For that reason, while the I− peroxide clusters are presented, the focus is on the organic acids. Acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde were found to yield equivalent CIMS responses. They are exact isobaric compounds and indistinguishable in the CIMS used. Consequently, their combined signal is referred to as the acetic acid equivalent sum. Within the resolution of the quadrupole used in the CIMS (1 m∕z), ethanol and 1- and 2-propanol were potential isobaric interferences to the measurement of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum, respectively. The CIMS response to ethanol was 3.3 % that of formic acid and the response to either 1- or 2-propanol was 1 % of the acetic acid response; therefore, the alcohols were not considered to be significant interferences to formic acid or the acetic acid equivalent sum. The multi-reagent ion system was successfully deployed during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) in 2014. The combination of FRAPPÉ and laboratory calibrations allowed for the post-mission quantification of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment in 2012.
Calibration of tri-axial MEMS accelerometers in the low-frequency range – Part 1: comparison among methods
Authors: D'Emilia Giulio , Gaspari Antonella , Mazzoleni Fabrizio , Natale Emanuela , Schiavi Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Two alternative experimental procedures for the calibration of tri-axial accelerometers have been compared with traditional methods, performed according the procedures stated in the standard ISO 16063-21. Standard calibration is carried out by comparison with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), used as a primary reference transducer. The main sensitivities have been investigated and, where applicable, also transverse ones. Many aspects have been evaluated: the hypotheses about transverse sensitivities, the simplicity of the procedure, the number of measurements needed, and the effect of typology of transducer, depending on electrical and geometrical contributions. Two different accelerometers have been tested, a piezo-electric accelerometer and a capacitive MEMS accelerometer. A low-frequency range of vibration has been investigated, 3 and 6 Hz, with amplitude of acceleration ranging from 2 to 20 ms−2. A satisfactory reproducibility of methods has been verified, with percentage differences less than 2.5 %. Anyway, pros and cons of each method are also discussed with reference to their possible use for easy and quick calibration of low-cost tri-axial accelerometers.
It takes longer than you think: librarian time spent on systematic review tasks
Authors: Bullers Krystal , Howard Allison M. , Hanson Ardis , Kearns William D. , Orriola John J. , Polo Randall L. , Sakmar Kristen A. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The authors examined the time that medical librarians spent on specific tasks for systematic reviews (SRs): interview process, search strategy development, search strategy translation, documentation, deliverables, search methodology writing, and instruction. We also investigated relationships among the time spent on SR tasks, years of experience, and number of completed SRs to gain a better understanding of the time spent on SR tasks from time, staffing, and project management perspectives.Methods: A confidential survey and study description were sent to medical library directors who were members of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries as well as librarians serving members of the Association of American Medical Colleges or American Osteopathic Association.Results: Of the 185 participants, 143 (77%) had worked on an SR within the last 5 years. The number of SRs conducted by participants during their careers ranged from 1 to 500, with a median of 5. The major component of time spent was on search strategy development and translation. Average aggregated time for standard tasks was 26.9 hours, with a median of 18.5 hours. Task time was unrelated to the number of SRs but was positively correlated with years of SR experience.Conclusion: The time required to conduct the librarian’s discrete tasks in an SR varies substantially, and there are no standard time frames. Librarians with more SR experience spent more time on instruction and interviews; time spent on all other tasks varied widely. Librarians also can expect to spend a significant amount of their time on search strategy development, translation, and writing. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Unlikely Captivities: The Narrative of Development in Jenna Miscavige Hill's Ex-Scientology Escape Narrative
Authors: Bailey Hannah Anneliese 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes ex-Scientologist Jenna Miscavige Hill's 2013 memoir in terms of the genre of “Scientology escape narrative.” It argues that this memoir adheres to what Grace Hong calls the “narrative of development,” which shows how a white protagonist can overcome social expectations to realize the power of individuality, allowing them to become a fully self-possessed white liberal subject. Using Hong, critical race theory, and critical prison studies, this article demonstrates how this memoir shows “whiteness as property” in that a subject previously deemed abnormal via affiliation with Scientology is ultimately more legible to the U.S. state than individuals of color.
Commentary: Norms, Narratives, and Politics
Authors: Hunt Luke William 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article considers how legal and philosophical ideals relate to contemporary politics. While political commentary is often concerned with descriptive analysis of public affairs, this article pursues normative analysis of emerging trends in public life. The article's underlying theme is that “liberal” states—such as the United States—from time to time become illiberal by departing from the basic legal and philosophical norms of that tradition. Although it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions while in the moment, the tentative conclusion is that we are in the midst of a departure from liberal norms. The article takes a discursive approach—drawing upon Appalachian culture, popular culture, and personal narrative—to highlight the altered trajectory from those norms.
A Comparison Between the Effect of Three Types of Low-Calorie Diets on Controlling Blood Glucose and Lipids in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moazezi Zoleika , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Kaboudi Parvin Sajadi , Esbakian Bahareh , Rahmani Sahar , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: April 2018

The blood glucose level of people with diabetes can be normalized through an appropriate diet, physical activity, the use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets (1200, 1500, and 1800 kcal) on glucose and serum lipids in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The criteria for entering the study were fasting blood glucose higher than 130 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1C higher than 7% and BMI higher than 25. Blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after intervention two hours after each meal. Patients were trained by an expert. Then, the questionnaires were completed and analyzed. In this study, the mean fasting blood glucose level in patients who used 1500 and 1200 kcal diet decreased significantly after intervention (p&lt;0.05). Glucose decreased significantly after two hours using a 1500 kcal diet (p&lt;0.009). In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in patients who used the 1500 kcal diet (p&lt;0.05). Although, there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between 1200, 1500 and 1800 kcal diets based on gender, residencency and BMI. Regarding the fact that there was no significant difference in reducing blood glucose and serum lipids between 1200 and 1500 kcal diets. It is recommended to use a 1500 kcal diet instead of 1200 kcal diet, which imposes fewer limitations and is easier to tolerate.
The Validation of the RIDA®QUICK Gliadin for AOAC Research Institute
Authors: Lacorn Markus , Weiss Thomas , Klass Nicole , Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James , Goins David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
RIDA®QUICK Gliadin is an immuno-chromatographic test for the detection of gluten in foods, on surfaces, and in Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) waters. This test kit has been adopted as Final Action AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Methods of AnalysisSM2015.16 for gluten in corn products. The assay is based on the monoclonal antibody R5, which recognizes gluten in wheat, barley, and rye. Four different surfaces were contaminated with a gliadin material and analyzed by a direct swabbing of the surface with the dip-stick. The outcome was an LOD95% concentration of the assay between 1.6 and 3.0 μg/100 cm2 gluten. For CIP waters that contain cleansing reagents, 100% positive results were obtained for minimum gluten concentration between 50 and 100 ng/mL. If the CIP water does not contain these reagents, the minimum detectable gluten level is 10 ng/mL. The independent validation study consisted of a method comparison study of recovery from a CIP solution and from a stainless-steel surface. The test kit was evaluated at six different concentration levels for both matrices, with 20 or 30 replicates per concentration level. The probability of detection was calculated for each contamination level. Additionally, the LOD95% concentration was estimated for each matrix analyzed.
Validation of Workflow Changes, Phage Concentration and Reformatted Detection Threshold for the Sample6 DETECT/L™ Test: Level 3 Modification
Authors: Banerjee Kakolie , Pierson Brittney , Carrier Elijah , Malsick Lauren , Hu Chuxuan , Daudenarde Sophie , Brownell Daniel , Koeris Michael , Crowley Erin , Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Flannery Jonathan , Mastalerz Allison , Agin James , Goins David , Salfinger Yvonne , Brodsky Michael , Ziemer Wayne 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodsSM Program certified Sample6 DETECT/L™ in April 2014 (Certification No. 041401) for the detection of Listeria species (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. marthii, L. welshimeri) on stainless steel environmental surfaces. A modification was approved in January 2016, increasing the concentration of sanitizer-neutralizing reagents in detection reagents, increasing the number of phage in the detection solution, and increasing the sample test volume. Moreover, changes to reduce the number of negative controls and add compatibility with polyurethane sponges were also approved. In this modification, to ensure that DETECT/L continues to meet performance expectations, Sample6 evaluated workflow changes to enhance sensitivity and the ease-of-use of the assay. Changes to the phage concentration and detection threshold, plus the inclusion of a confirmation step (DETECT Check), were validated to obtain better accuracy and optimize assay performance. Inclusivity, exclusivity, and robustness testing were conducted by Sample6 to evaluate the changes. A third-party laboratory compared the DETECT/L assay and the U.S. Department of Agriculture reference method in a stainless steel environmental surface matrix study. The data presented in this report demonstrate that the changes proposed to the DETECT/L assay meet or exceed the performance in the current configuration.
O esporte e a escola: uma revisão sobre as possibilidades de implementação pedagógica
Authors: Lúcio Géssica Adriana de Carvalho , Grunennvaldt José Tarcísio , Rabelo Viviani Darolt , Moreira Evando Carlos , Assis Verônica Ramos de 
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se refletir sobre o esporte desde a sua introdução e visibilidade, atribuídas por Azevedo em 1916, seus usos e discussões na escola como conteúdo das aulas de Educação Física. Apresentamos uma análise sobre: esporte e as críticas inaugurais; Educação Física e esporte na escola; Educação Física e esporte: abordagens críticas. Os professores de Educação Física devem transformar o esporte em objeto de ensino, mesmo sendo conteúdo dominante das aulas. Deve ser discutido conscientemente, orientado por um projeto pedagógico articulado aos saberes escolares. A Educação Física enquanto fator essencial à educação deve assumir o seu papel como parte integrante da educação.
Metal Hydrides
Authors: Sharma Vinod Kumar , Kumar E. Anil 
Published: April 2018

Hydrogen receives renewed interest as an energy carrier with zero emission. However, major challenges related to production, storage, transportation, and utilization have to be overcome before its implementation. The focus of this article is on the storage of hydrogen in solid state, particularly, as metal hydrides.The thermodynamics of formation and decomposition of metal hydrides are presented. Next, physical characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and reaction rates, as well as heat and mass transfer characteristics and the important property of effective thermal conductivity of metal hydrides that determine its hydrogen storage capacity, are discussed. Finally, applications of metal hydrides, including refrigeration system, heat transformer, and hydrogen compressor, are reviewed.
Phytoplankton Increases Induced by Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea During 1998–2015
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs, with maximum sustained 10 m wind speed greater than 17.5 m s−1) are strong synoptic systems that form over tropical oceans and can exert important effects on the upper ocean by mixing and upwelling, and thus mixed‐layer cooling. However, hitherto, biological effects of TCs have not been systematically explored in the South China Sea (SCS) yet. In this study, we have examined 184 TCs and found 74 TCs with well‐matched satellite ocean color data (i.e., the number of valid pixels accounting for over 60% of the total pixels in the sampling area) in the SCS during 1998–2015. The ocean color data show a general post‐TC increase in surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentrations in the cold wakes of TCs, due to the injection of nutrients and/or biogenic pigments into the oligotrophic surface waters. The ratio of the post‐TC to the pre‐TC Chl‐a is significantly correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST), and TC translational speed and intensity. Results from the multiple correlation analyses in different seasons indicate that the response of phytoplankton to TCs also depends on the preexisting upper‐ocean conditions, including the mixed‐layer depth, vertical nutrients structure and light conditions. Results thus strongly suggest that the initial upper‐ocean conditions along with moving speed and intensity of TCs are key to phytoplankton increase after the passages of TCs.
The Deep Western Boundary Current in the Labrador Sea From Observations and a High‐Resolution Model
Authors: Handmann Patricia , Fischer Jürgen , Visbeck Martin , Karstensen Johannes , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus , Patara Lavinia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLong‐term observations from a 17 year long mooring array at the exit of the Labrador Sea at 53°N are compared to the output of a high‐resolution model (VIKING20). Both are analyzed to define robust integral properties on basin and regional scale, which can be determined and evaluated equally well. While both, the observations and the model, show a narrow DWBC cyclonically engulfing the Labrador Sea, the model's boundary current system is more barotropic than in the observations and spectral analysis indicates stronger monthly to interannual transport variability. Compared to the model, the observations show a stronger density gradient, hence a stronger baroclinicity, from center to boundary. Despite this, the observed temporal evolution of the temperature in the central Labrador Sea is reproduced. The model results yield a mean export of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) (33.0 ± 5.7 Sv), which is comparable to the observed transport (31.2 ± 5.5 Sv) at 53°N. The results also include a comparable spatial pattern and March mixed layer depth in the central Labrador Sea (maximum depth ∼2,000 m). During periods containing enhanced deep convection (1990s) our analyses show increased correlation between LSW and LNADW model transport at 53°N. Our results indicate that the transport variability in LSW and LNADW at 53°N is a result of a complex modulation of wind stress and buoyancy forcing on regional and basin wide scale.
Temporal Variations of the Mole Fraction, Carbon, and Hydrogen Isotope Ratios of Atmospheric Methane in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Fujita Ryo , Morimoto Shinji , Umezawa Taku , Ishijima Kentaro , Patra Prabir K. , Worthy Douglas E. J. , Goto Daisuke , Aoki Shuji , Nakazawa Takakiyo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have conducted simultaneous measurements of the mole fraction and carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δD) of atmospheric methane (CH4) at Churchill (58°44′N, 93°49′W) in the northern part of the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL), Canada, since 2007. Compared with the measurements at an Arctic baseline monitoring station, Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard (78°55′N, 11°56′E), CH4 mole fraction is generally higher and δ13C and δD are lower at Churchill due to regional biogenic CH4 emissions. Clear seasonal cycles in the CH4 mole fraction, δ13C, and δD are observable at Churchill, and their seasonal phases in summer are earlier by approximately 2 weeks than those at Ny‐Ålesund. Using the one‐box model analysis, the phase difference is ascribed to the different seasonal influence of CH4 emissions from boreal wetlands on the two sites. Short‐term CH4 variations are also observed at Churchill throughout the year. The analysis of the observed isotopic signatures of atmospheric CH4 confirmed that the short‐term CH4 variations are mainly produced by biogenic CH4 released from the HBL wetlands in summer and by fossil fuel CH4 transported over the Arctic in winter. Forward simulations of an atmospheric chemistry‐transport model, with wetland CH4 fluxes prescribed by a process‐based model, show unrealistically high CH4 mole fractions at Churchill in summer, suggesting that CH4 emissions assigned to the HBL wetlands are overestimated. Our best estimate of the HBL CH4 emissions is 2.7 ± 0.3 Tg CH4 yr−1 as an average of 2007–2013, consistent with recent estimations by inverse modeling studies.