bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Office treatment of large endometrial polyps using truclear 5C: Feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Ceci Oronzo , Franchini Mario , Cannone Rossella , Giarrè Giovanna , Bettocchi Stefano , Fascilla Fabiana D. , Cicinelli Ettore 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis retrospective multicenter study was carried out to evaluate feasibility, effectiveness and patient acceptability of a small diameter hysteroscopic tissue removal system in the treatment of large endometrial polyps (≥20 mm), usually not removed in an office setting.MethodsHundred and forty‐six women with a single greater than 10‐mm diameter polyp considered for polypectomy between April 2016 and August 2017. Sixty‐five of these patients had a polyp size greater than 20 mm. All hysteroscopic polypectomy, using Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal system (TruClear 5C System Medtronic), were performed in an office setting with vaginoscopic approach.ResultsProcedural success, time to complete the polypectomy and patient pain scores were evaluated. Polyps less than 20 mm were completely removed in 79/81 cases (97.53%). The completeness of greater than or equal to 20‐mm polyp removal was achieved in 63/65 cases (96.92%). The median time for polypectomy was 4.19 ± 1.03 min for polyps less than 20 mm and 4.97 ± 1.30 min for polyps greater than or equal to 20 mm, respectively. Pain was minimal and brief, and the mean pain score measured on a 10‐point visual analog scale at the end of polypectomy showed no significant difference between the two groups. In 4/79 (5.06%) cases with polyps less than 20 mm and in 4/63 (6.35%) cases with polyps greater than or equal to 20 mm women reported moderate pain. All specimens were adequate for pathologic measurements.ConclusionHysteroscopic treatment of polyps greater than or equal to 20 mm in size with TruClear 5C is feasible and well tolerated in an office setting with no significant difference regarding completeness compared to polyps less than 20 mm, but with a minimal increase in procedure times.
Unintentional Injuries in Primary and Secondary Schools in the United States, 2001‐2013
Authors: Zagel Alicia L. , Cutler Gretchen J. , Linabery Amy M. , Spaulding Alicen B. , Kharbanda Anupam B. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUnintentional injuries are the leading cause of youth morbidity. However, limited nationally representative data are available to characterize the occurrence of unintentional injuries at US schools. Given this paucity, we characterized secular trends in unintentional injuries at schools that led to emergency department (ED) visits.METHODSA retrospective analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System‐All Injury Program from 2001 to 2013 compared injuries occurring at schools to injuries occurring elsewhere in youth ages 5‐18 years. Incidence rates were calculated using weighted frequency estimates as numerators and US population estimates as denominators.RESULTSSchool injuries accounted for 21% of unintentional injury‐related ED visits, with an estimated annual incidence rate of 1385 injuries per 100,000 5‐ to 18‐year‐olds. Middle school‐aged youth (10‐13 years) had the highest annual incidence rate (1640 per 100,000 youth) compared with younger and older counterparts. School injuries were more likely to be due to sports/recreation than nonschool injuries (55% vs 41%, p < .0001). Importantly, no detectable change in incidence rates of school injuries between 2001 and 2013 was found (p = .11).CONCLUSIONSStagnant annual incidence rates of unintentional injuries at schools and large numbers of school‐based injuries demonstrate that school‐based injuries are a notable opportunity for future prevention efforts.
Comparing the RELTRAD and Born‐Again/Evangelical Self‐Identification Approaches to Measuring American Protestantism
Authors: Smith Gregory A. , Sciupac Elizabeth Podrebarac , Gecewicz Claire , Hackett Conrad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe question of how Protestantism (including evangelicalism) is measured in social science research is of keen importance to those seeking to understand religion in American life. In this article, we compare and contrast two of the leading techniques for classifying Protestants. One of these approaches (the RELTRAD approach) categorizes respondents as evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, or black Protestants mainly on the basis of their denominational affiliation. By contrast, the self‐identification method utilizes information about a respondent's race and a yes/no question that asks respondents directly whether they consider themselves born‐again or evangelical Christians to create similar categories. We show that there is considerable overlap, though not perfect correlation, between the two approaches. Both methods produce similar estimates of the size of Protestant subgroups, and they paint similar religious and demographic portraits of the evangelical, mainline, and black Protestant communities. As a result, we argue that the self‐identification method can be an effective proxy for RELTRAD when RELTRAD is unavailable as a measurement option.
Choose the Method for Aggregating Religious Identities that Is Most Appropriate for Your Research
Authors: Hackett Conrad , Schwadel Philip , Smith Gregory A. , Podrebarac Sciupac Elizabeth , Gecewicz Claire 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSome U.S. surveys measure many religious identities, including detailed Protestant affiliations. Researchers must decide how to aggregate these diverse identities. There are now a variety of options for aggregating religious groups into categories. Depending on the research question, it may be appropriate to use one of the existing options or to develop an aggregation strategy tailored to the project in question.
Constructing Images of the Divine: Latent Heterogeneity in Americans’ Impressions of God
Authors: Davis Nicholas T. , Federico Christopher M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow do individuals psychologically organize their images of the divine? Most work on this topic is factor‐analytic in nature, finding that God images vary with respect to love, judgment, and engagement. However, few studies look at how individuals spontaneously combine these divine dimensions into composite images of God. To fill this gap, we subject data from the 2010 Baylor Religion Survey to latent class analysis and find evidence for five depictions of God: (1) a poorly defined, uninvolved deity; (2) a loving, nonjudgmental deity who is engaged with humanity; (3) a nullity or nonentity; (4) a loving deity who is neither judgmental nor engaged with humanity; and (5) a loving deity who is also both judgmental and engaged. We then present evidence that individuals holding these images vary in their denominational background, religious attitudes and behaviors, and general traits. Our findings suggest that individuals may impose not only a dimensional structure on images of the divine, but a categorical one as well.
A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamineN‐oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure
Authors: Karlin Emily T. , Rush John E. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundPathophysiologic mechanisms for the development and progression of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) remain elusive. Increased concentrations of circulating trimethylamineN‐oxide (TMAO) and its precursors choline andl‐carnitine are associated with the presence and severity of heart disease in people.ObjectivesTo determine if differences exist in plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, orl‐carnitine among dogs with DMVD and congestive heart failure (CHF), dogs with asymptomatic DMVD, and healthy control dogs.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs: 10 dogs with CHF secondary to DMVD, 10 dogs with asymptomatic DMVD, and 10 healthy control dogs.MethodsA pilot cross‐sectional study in which echocardiography was performed and fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, andl‐carnitine (total and fractions) were measured.ResultsTMAO (P = .03), totall‐carnitine (P = .03), carnitine esters (P = .05), and carnitine esters to free carnitine ratio (E/F ratio;P = .05) were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to those with asymptomatic DMVD. TMAO (P = .02), choline (P = .01), totall‐carnitine (P = .01), carnitine esters (P = .02), free carnitine (P = .02), and E/F ratio (P = .009) were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to healthy controls.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with CHF secondary to DMVD had higher concentrations of TMAO compared to both asymptomatic DMVD dogs and healthy controls. Larger prospective studies are warranted to determine if TMAO plays a role in the development or progression of DMVD or CHF.
The effects of grazing regimes on phenological stages, intervals and divergences of alpine plants on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Yu , Dong Shikui , Gao Qingzhu , Zhang Yong , Liu Shiliang , Swift David , Ganjurjav Hasbagan , Hu Guozheng , Wang Xuexia , Yan Yulong , Wu Hongbao , Luo Wenrong , Ge Yiqing , Li Yan , Zhao Zhenzhen , Gao Xiaoxia , Li Shuai , Song Jiahui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuestionsThe impact of grazing on the phenology of alpine plants has not been deeply explored. In particular, how the phenology of all species in the alpine plant community is affected by grazing has seldom been monitored.Study SiteQinghai‐Tibetan Plateau of China.MethodsA linear mixed model was used to explore the effect of grazing regimes (continuous grazing, grazing exclusion and rotational grazing), species, and individuals of species on phenological stages at the community level. One‐wayANOVAwas used to examine the difference in phenological stage across different species under the same grazing regime and timing of the phenological stages of each species across different grazing regimes. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore linkages between plant phenology and leaf traits, linkages between phenological stages, as well as their intervals across different species.ResultsThe green‐up and withering time of different species both exhibited various response patterns to grazing regimes. The flowering time of most species was delayed by grazing, whereas the fruiting time of most species remained stable across grazing regimes. There were significant linkages between phenological stages and leaf traits; for example fruiting time was negatively related to the ratio of leaf N content (LNC) to leaf P content (LPC) under all grazing regimes. The phenological stages themselves, and their intervals, showed close relations; for example fruiting time was positively related to withering time, and negatively related to its interval. The divergence was higher during the flowering time than during other phenological stages. The divergence of all phenological stages was highest under grazing exclusion.ConclusionsThe shifts in flowering time were advantageous for these plants to adapt to grazing, as flowering time can regulate interspecific temporal patterns and maintain the stability of subsequent phenological stages. Among grazing regimes, grazing exclusion led to greatest divergence of phenological stages across species, which possibly creates potential reproductive gaps.
Acquisition of obligate mutualist symbionts during the larval stage is not beneficial for a coral host
Authors: Hartmann Aaron C. , Marhaver Kristen L. , Klueter Anke , Lovci Michael T. , Closek Collin J. , Diaz Erika , Chamberland Valérie F. , Archer Frederick I. , Deheyn Dimitri D. , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Medina Mónica 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTheory suggests that the direct transmission of beneficial endosymbionts (mutualists) from parents to offspring (vertical transmission) in animal hosts is advantageous and evolutionarily stable, yet many host species instead acquire their symbionts from the environment (horizontal acquisition). An outstanding question in marine biology is why some scleractinian corals do not provision their eggs and larvae with the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates that are necessary for a juvenile's ultimate survival. We tested whether the acquisition of photosynthetic endosymbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) during the planktonic larval stage was advantageous, as is widely assumed, in the ecologically important and threatened Caribbean reef‐building coral Orbicella faveolata. Following larval acquisition, similar changes occurred in host energetic lipid use and gene expression regardless of whether their symbionts were photosynthesizing, suggesting the symbionts did not provide the energetic benefit characteristic of the mutualism in adults. Larvae that acquired photosymbionts isolated from conspecific adults on their natal reef exhibited a reduction in swimming, which may interfere with their ability to find suitable settlement substrate, and also a decrease in survival. Larvae exposed to two cultured algal species did not exhibit differences in survival, but decreased their swimming activity in response to one species. We conclude that acquiring photosymbionts during the larval stage confers no advantages and can in fact be disadvantageous to this coral host. The timing of symbiont acquisition appears to be a critical component of a host's life history strategy and overall reproductive fitness, and this timing itself appears to be under selective pressure.
How do anxious children attempt to regulate worry? Results from a qualitative study with an experimental manipulation
Authors: Normann Nicoline , Esbjørn Barbara Hoff 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore how anxiety‐disordered children attempt to regulate their worry.DesignAn experimental manipulation was applied, followed by a qualitative interview.MethodsThirty children aged 7–13 were enrolled in this study. Each child was presented with a black mystery box, was told that shortly he/she would have to feel what was inside the box, and was then left alone for 4 min, prior to commencing the task. The purpose of the experimental manipulation was to induce slight levels of worry in the child, so that he/she could better report on worry regulation strategies. Afterwards, an interview about how the child had regulated worry during the experimental manipulation and in everyday life was undertaken. The interviews were coded using thematic analysis.ResultsFive main themes were uncovered. These were (1) internal regulation of worry, for example, thinking about something else and self‐reassurance talk, (2) external regulation of worry, for example, behavioural avoidance and distraction, (3) perceived effect of strategies, (4) shifting between strategies, and (5) absence of a strategy.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that anxious children use a variety of behavioural and cognitive strategies to regulate worry. They use these strategies in combination, they generally perceive them as ineffective, and they sometimes do not report any strategy for attempting to regulate their worry. These results indicate that clinicians should be curious about which strategies anxious children use to regulate their worry, how these strategies interact with each other, and how they are implemented by the child.Practitioner points

Using an experimental manipulation followed by an interview, this study sought to investigate how anxious children seek to regulate their worries.

Anxious children attempt to regulate their worry with use of behavioural regulation strategies, such as avoidance and distraction, and with use of cognitive regulation strategies, including thinking about something else, self‐reassurance talk, and thought suppression.

Sometimes, however, anxious children are not able to report a regulation strategy for a specific worry episode, suggesting that they may not always have a strategy or that they lack the introspective ability to report what they did.

Clinicians should be aware that anxious children may use internal (cognitive) regulation strategies while at the same time using behavioural regulation strategies, such as avoidance.
Neurocognitive function in moderate–severe pediatric atopic dermatitis: A case–control study
Authors: L. Kruse Lacey , Cices Ahuva , Fishbein Anna B. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEpidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but many of the features of ADHD may occur as a result of the poor sleep and itch distraction associated with AD.MethodsA case–control study was performed in children aged 6‐17 years with moderate/severe AD compared with age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls. Participants were screened for ADHD using Vanderbilt assessments.ResultsSeventeen patients with AD and 18 controls completed the study. Two children with AD (11.7%) and one control (5.56%) met screening criteria for ADHD via parent‐completed Vanderbilt assessments; AD patients were not significantly more likely to screen positive for ADHD (P = 0.47), or comorbid behavior disorders (P = 0.23). However, AD patients were more likely than controls to exhibit ADHD‐associated behaviors, most significantly inattention.ConclusionsOur AD cohort did not have a significantly increased prevalence of ADHD. Certain neurocognitive symptoms are increased in children with moderate‐to‐severe AD compared to controls.
Neonatal skin care: Developments in care to maintain neonatal barrier function and prevention of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Burdall Oliver , Willgress Liam , Goad Nina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the importance of the barrier function of the skin of preterm and term neonates is crucial in effective neonatal skin and diaper care. This literature search aimed to review the development of different practices in neonatal care to maintain skin barrier function, in turn preventing diaper dermatitis.MethodsWe performed two quantitative literature searches of English language studies: an initial literature search of studies published in the last 5 years was conducted using Cinahl, Medline, Embase, British Nursing Index, and DelphiS, followed by a second search of publications from 1990 to 2017 using the National Institute of Clinical Excellence Health Databases Advanced Search using key words, synonyms, and Boolean phrasing. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance.ResultsOne hundred ten studies were analyzed for the purpose of this review; however, data are of variable quality. Guidance can be drawn from the existing literature relating to best practice options for diaper area cleansing methods, diaper type selection, and use of barrier creams. More research is required into the benefit or otherwise of diaper‐free time.ConclusionsSuper‐absorbent diapers reduce moisture at skin level and reduce diaper dermatitis. Barrier creams carry benefit both in prevention and cure but do not provide a substitute for frequent diaper changes. The literature does not demonstrate superiority of one cleansing method over another, but neither the use of wipes nor water increases diaper dermatitis prevalence. Further studies are required to explore the potential benefit of diaper‐free time, taking due consideration of the practicalities, particularly for vulnerable neonates within the Intensive Care setting.
Real‐Time Fiscal Forecasting Using Mixed‐Frequency Data*
Authors: Asimakopoulos Stylianos , Paredes Joan , Warmedinger Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe sovereign debt crisis has increased the importance of monitoring budgetary execution. We employ real‐time data using a mixed data sampling (MiDaS) methodology to demonstrate how budgetary slippages can be detected early on. We show that in spite of using real‐time data, the year‐end forecast errors diminish significantly when incorporating intra‐annual information. Our results show the benefits of forecasting aggregates via subcomponents, in this case total government revenue and expenditure. Our methodology could significantly improve fiscal surveillance and could therefore be an important part of the European Commission's model toolkit.
Score estimation in the monotone single‐index model
Authors: Balabdaoui Fadoua , Groeneboom Piet , Hendrickx Kim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider estimation in the single‐index model where the link function is monotone. For this model, a profile least‐squares estimator has been proposed to estimate the unknown link function and index. Although it is natural to propose this procedure, it is still unknown whether it produces index estimates that converge at the parametric rate. We show that this holds if we solve a score equation corresponding to this least‐squares problem. Using a Lagrangian formulation, we show how one can solve this score equation without any reparametrization. This makes it easy to solve the score equations in high dimensions. We also compare our method with the effective dimension reduction and the penalized least‐squares estimator methods, both available on CRAN as R packages, and compare with link‐free methods, where the covariates are elliptically symmetric.
Consultant led peer assisted learning model
Authors: Yoong Andrel , Mukundu Nagesh Navin , Rye Dupinderjit Singh , Devaraj Vikram 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundUndergraduate medical students frequently report inadequate basic surgical skills such as suturing and knot tying. In recent years, peer assisted learning (PAL) has proven to be an effective method of teaching basic surgical skills. The consistency of the teaching and the quality of the content may be questionable in these workshops. This study aimed to develop a consultant led peer assisted learning model (CL‐PAL) to facilitate the quality‐controlled delivery of basic suturing skills in undergraduate medical education.MethodsA video on basic suturing techniques was developed with the assistance of an experienced plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Sixty students were recruited and allocated to four workshops across 2 days. Each student was provided with a pre and post workshop form to self‐assess their confidence levels with different suturing techniques and theories of suturing. Three PAL facilitators rotated through student stations to address any concerns and to improve the learning experience.ResultsFrom the post‐workshop assessment, students expressed increased confidence in handling surgical instruments, suturing and understanding sharp safety. Following this workshop, 90% of the students reported that they were more likely to attend self‐directed learning sessions to maintain their acquired skills. Workshop providers also had an opportunity to develop teaching skills such as communication and the demonstration of suturing skills.ConclusionCL‐PAL uses technology aided resources created by an experienced surgeon to facilitate the delivery of high quality basic surgical teaching. This model is not only applicable to basic skills training but can also be developed for applications in other specialties.In recent years, peer‐assisted learning (PAL) has proven to be an effective method of teaching basic surgical skills