bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The taste of smoke: tobacco industry strategies to prevent the prohibition of additives in tobacco products in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Andre Luiz , Bialous Stella Aguinaga , Albertassi Patrícia Gonçalves Duarte , Arquete Daniela Aparecida dos Reis , Fernandes Ana Marcia Messeder Sebrao , Moreira Josino Costa 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe tobacco industry (TI) uses several strategies to attract new consumers, including using additives in tobacco products, which makes tobacco especially attractive to youth. Based on scientific evidence and the principles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA, for the name in Portuguese), published the Collegiate Board Resolution (RDC, for the name in Portuguese) 14/2012 in 2012, prohibiting the addition of substances that enhance the flavour and taste of tobacco products in order to make them more attractive. In response, the TI used various strategies to prevent RDC 14/2012 from entering into force. At the time, the Brazilian additive ban was the most comprehensive in the world as it included a ban on menthol.ObjectivesThis paper analyses the arguments and strategies used by the TI to prevent the implementation of the additives ban.MethodsReview of published articles, reports, legislation and legislative activity, internal TI documents, media stories and other documents to describe TI’s reaction to the ban.ResultsThe results show that the TI used some well-known strategies to delay or cancel the entering into force of the resolution. For example, the TI attempted political interference, used litigation and commissioned studies with findings that questioned the resolution’s rationale. The TI strategies used in Brazil are similar to those used at the global level to oppose other tobacco control measures.ConclusionsTI successfully delayed the most comprehensive additive ban in the world using its usual tactics, despite the fact that none of the arguments presented by the TI had an acceptable scientific basis or evidence.
Equation of state for the hard tetrahedron fluid at stable state
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2019

Based on the previous works [J. X. Tian, Y. X. Gui and A. Mulero, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 13399 (2010); Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 13597 (2010)], we constructed a new equation of state for the hard tetrahedron (HTH) fluid at stable state by using the recently published Monte Carlo simulation data [J. Kolafa and S. Labík, Mol. Phys. 113, 1119 (2015)]. It can reproduce the correct virial coefficients upto nine, which is the known highest order of virial coefficient for HTH fluid. It also describes the simulation data of the compressibility factor versus the packing fraction at stable state with high accuracy.
Quantum mechanism of condensation and high Tc superconductivity
Authors: Ma Tian , Wang Shouhong 
Published: May 2019

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new quantum mechanism of condensates and superconductivity based on a new interpretation of quantum mechanical wavefunctions, and on recent developments in quantum physics and statistical physics. First, we postulate that the wavefunction [Formula: see text]e[Formula: see text] is the common wavefunction for all particles in the same class determined by the external potential V(x), [Formula: see text](x)[Formula: see text] represents the distribution density of the particles, and [Formula: see text] is the velocity field of the particles. Although the new interpretation does not alter the basic theories of quantum mechanics, it is an entirely different interpretation from the classical Bohr interpretation, removes all absurdities and offers new insights for quantum physics and for condensed matter physics. Second, we show that the key for condensation of bosonic particles is that their interaction is sufficiently weak to ensure that a large collection of boson particles are in a state governed by the same condensation wavefunction field [Formula: see text] under the same bounding potential V. For superconductivity, the formation of superconductivity comes down to conditions for the formation of electron pairs, and for the electron pairs to share a common wavefunction. Thanks to the recently developed principle of interaction dynamics (PID) interaction potential of electrons and the average-energy level formula of temperature, these conditions for superconductivity are explicitly derived. Furthermore, we obtain both microscopic and macroscopic formulas for the critical temperature. The field and topological phase transition equations for condensates are also derived.
On the effect of projections on the Billingsley dimensions
Authors: Selmi Bilel 
Published: May 2019

We are interested in the behavior of Billingsley dimensions under projections onto a lower dimensional linear subspace. The results in this paper establish the connections with various dimensions of subsets [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and their projections, and generalize many known results about Hausdorff and packing dimensions of projections of [Formula: see text]. In particular, we improve, through these results, one of the main theorems of Selmi et al. in [Multifractal variation for projections of measures, Chaos Solitons Fractals 91 (2016) 414–420] and treat an unsolved case in their work.
Smart City System Design
Authors: Habibzadeh Hadi , Kaptan Cem , Soyata Tolga , Kantarci Burak , Boukerche Azzedine 
Published: May 2019

Recent global smart city efforts resemble the establishment of electricity networks when electricity was first invented, which meant the start of a new era to sell electricity as a utility. A century later, in the smart era, the network to deliver services goes far beyond a single entity like electricity. Supplemented by a well-established Internet infrastructure that can run an endless number of applications, abundant processing and storage capabilities of clouds, resilient edge computing, and sophisticated data analysis like machine learning and deep learning, an already-booming Internet of Things movement makes this new era far more exciting.
In this article, we present a multi-faceted survey of machine intelligence in modern implementations. We partition smart city infrastructure into application, sensing, communication, security, and data planes and put an emphasis on the data plane as the mainstay of computing and data storage. We investigate (i) a centralized and distributed implementation of data plane’s physical infrastructure and (ii) a complementary application of data analytics, machine learning, deep learning, and data visualization to implement robust machine intelligence in a smart city software core. We finalize our article with pointers to open issues and challenges.
Sympathetic neural responsiveness to sleep deprivation in older adults: sex differences
Authors: Carter Jason R. , Fonkoue Ida T. , Greenlund Ian M. , Schwartz Christopher E. , Mokhlesi Babak , Smoot Carl A. 
Published: May 2019

Our laboratory has previously reported that total sleep deprivation (TSD) modifies muscle sympathetic neural activity (MSNA) differently in young men and women. Because postmenopausal women are among the highest risk for hypertension, this study compares MSNA responses with TSD in older men and women. We hypothesized that TSD would alter MSNA in older adults, with greater sympathoexcitation in postmenopausal women. Twenty-seven participants (14 men and 13 women) between the ages of 55 and 75 yr were tested twice, once after 24-h TSD and once after normal sleep (randomized, crossover design). Our primary outcome measure of MSNA (microneurography) was successful across both conditions in 20 participants (10 men and 10 women). Secondary outcome measures included seated blood pressure, heart rate, and fasting plasma testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Age (60 ± 1 vs. 61 ± 2 yr) and BMI (27 ± 1 vs. 26 ± 1 kg/m2) were not different between groups. TSD increased systolic blood pressure in both men (124 ± 5 to 130 ± 4 mmHg) and women (107 ± 5 to 116 ± 4 mmHg), but the increases were not different between groups (condition, P = 0.014; condition × sex, P > 0.05). In contrast, TSD elicited divergent MSNA responses in older men and women. Specifically, MSNA burst frequency increased in postmenopausal women (28 ± 3 to 34 ± 3 burst/min), but not older men (38 ± 3 to 35 ± 3 bursts/min; condition × sex, P = 0.032). In conclusion, TSD elicited sympathoexcitation in postmenopausal women but not age-matched men. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into reported links between sleep deprivation and hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epidemiological studies report that sleep deprivation is more strongly associated with hypertension in women than in men. In the present study, 24-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) increased blood pressure in postmenopausal women and age-matched men. In contrast, only women demonstrated increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity after TSD. The sympathoexcitation observed in postmenopausal women suggests a potential contributing mechanism for epidemiological observations and advances our understanding of the complex relations between sleep, sex, and hypertension. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/total-sleep-deprivation-and-msna-in-older-adults/ .
JNK2 in myeloid cells impairs insulin’s vasodilator effects in muscle during early obesity development through perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction
Authors: Meijer Rick I. , Hoevenaars Femke P. M. , Serné Erik H. , Yudkin John S. , Kokhuis Tom J. A. , Weijers Ester M. , van Hinsbergh Victor W. M. , Smulders Yvo M. , Eringa Etto C. 
Published: May 2019

Reduced vasodilator properties of insulin in obesity are caused by changes in perivascular adipose tissue and contribute to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The causes of this dysfunction are unknown. The effects of a short-term Western diet on JNK2-expressing cells in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on insulin-induced vasodilation and perfusion of skeletal muscle were assessed. In vivo, 2 wk of Western diet (WD) reduced whole body insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion, determined using contrast ultrasonography during the hyperinsulinemic clamp. Ex vivo, WD triggered accumulation of PVAT in skeletal muscle and blunted its ability to facilitate insulin-induced vasodilation. Labeling of myeloid cells with green fluorescent protein identified bone marrow as a source of PVAT in muscle. To study whether JNK2-expressing inflammatory cells from bone marrow were involved, we transplanted JNK2−/−bone marrow to WT mice. Deletion of JNK2 in bone marrow rescued the vasodilator phenotype of PVAT during WD exposure. JNK2 deletion in myeloid cells prevented the WD-induced increase in F4/80 expression. Even though WD and JNK2 deletion resulted in specific changes in gene expression of PVAT; epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue; expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, or protein inhibitor of STAT1 was not affected. In conclusion, short-term Western diet triggers infiltration of JNK2-positive myeloid cells into PVAT, resulting in PVAT dysfunction, nonclassical inflammation, and loss of insulin-induced vasodilatation in vivo and ex vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that in the earliest phase of weight gain, changes in perivascular adipose tissue in muscle impair insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion. The hallmark of these changes is infiltration by inflammatory cells. Deletion of JNK2 from the bone marrow restores the function of perivascular adipose tissue to enhance insulin’s vasodilator effects in muscle, showing that the bone marrow contributes to regulation of muscle perfusion.
Inactivation of Bap1 Cooperates with Losses of Nf2 and Cdkn2a to Drive the Development of Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma in Conditional Mouse Models
Authors: Kukuyan Anna-Mariya , Sementino Eleonora , Kadariya Yuwaraj , Menges Craig W. , Cheung Mitchell , Tan Yinfei , Cai Kathy Q. , Slifker Michael J. , Peri Suraj , Klein-Szanto Andres J. , Rauscher Frank J. , Testa Joseph R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Pleural malignant mesothelioma is a therapy-resistant cancer affecting the serosal lining of the thoracic cavity. Mutations/deletions of BAP1, CDKN2A, and NF2 are the most frequent genetic lesions in human malignant mesothelioma. We introduced various combinations of these deletions in the pleura of conditional knockout (CKO) mice, focusing on the contribution of Bap1 loss. While homozygous CKO of Bap1, Cdkn2a, or Nf2 alone gave rise to few or no malignant mesotheliomas, inactivation of Bap1 cooperated with loss of either Nf2 or Cdkn2a to drive development of malignant mesothelioma in approximately 20% of double-CKO mice, and a high incidence (22/26, 85%) of malignant mesotheliomas was observed in Bap1;Nf2;Cdkn2a (triple)-CKO mice. Malignant mesothelioma onset was rapid in triple-CKO mice, with a median survival of only 12 weeks, and malignant mesotheliomas from these mice were consistently high-grade and invasive. Adenoviral-Cre treatment of normal mesothelial cells from Bap1;Nf2;Cdkn2a CKO mice, but not from mice with knockout of one or any two of these genes, resulted in robust spheroid formation in vitro, suggesting that mesothelial cells from Bap1;Nf2;Cdkn2a mice have stem cell–like potential. RNA-seq analysis of malignant mesotheliomas from triple-CKO mice revealed enrichment of genes transcriptionally regulated by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and others previously implicated in known Bap1-related cellular processes. These data demonstrate that somatic inactivation of Bap1, Nf2, and Cdkn2a results in rapid, aggressive malignant mesotheliomas, and that deletion of Bap1 contributes to tumor development, in part, by loss of PRC2-mediated repression of tumorigenic target genes and by acquisition of stem cell potential, suggesting a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.

Significance:
Combinatorial deletions of Bap1, Nf2, and Cdkn2a result in aggressive mesotheliomas, with Bap1 loss contributing to tumorigenesis by circumventing PRC2-mediated repression of oncogenic target genes.
Genetic Polymorphisms Predisposing the Interleukin 6–Induced APOBEC3B-UNG Imbalance Increase HCC Risk via Promoting the Generation of APOBEC-Signature HBV Mutations
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Wu Jianfeng , Yang Fan , Ma Longteng , Ni Chong , Hou Xiaomei , Wang Ling , Xu Aijing , Song Jiahui , Deng Yang , Xian Linfeng , Li Zixiong , Wang Shuo , Chen Xi , Yin Jianhua , Han Xue , Li Chengzhong , Zhao Jun , Cao Guangwen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurpose:APOBEC3-UNG imbalance contributes to hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibition and somatic mutations. We aimed to explore the associations between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk and genetic polymorphisms predisposing the imbalance.Experimental Design: Genetic polymorphisms at APOBEC3 promoter and UNG enhancer regions were genotyped in 5,621 participants using quantitative PCR. HBV mutations (nt.1600–nt.1945, nt.2848–nt.155) were determined by Sanger sequencing. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to detect the transcriptional activity. Effects of APOBEC3B/UNG SNPs and expression levels on HCC prognosis were evaluated with a cohort of 400 patients with HCC and public databases, respectively.Results:APOBEC3B rs2267401-G allele and UNG rs3890995-C allele significantly increased HCC risk. rs2267401-G allele was significantly associated with the generation of APOBEC-signature HBV mutation whose frequency consecutively increased from asymptomatic HBV carriers to patients with HCC. Multiplicative interaction of rs2267401-G allele with rs3890995-C allele increased HCC risk, with an adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) of 1.90 (1.34–2.81). rs2267401 T-to-G and rs3890995 T-to-C conferred increased activities of APOBEC3B promoter and UNG enhancer, respectively. IL6 significantly increased APOBEC3B promoter activity and inhibited UNG enhancer activity, and these effects were more evident in those carrying rs2267401-G and rs3890995-C, respectively. APOBEC3B rs2267401-GG genotype, higher APOBEC3B expression, and higher APOBEC3B/UNG expression ratio in HCCs indicated poor prognosis. APOBEC-signature somatic mutation predicts poor prognosis in HBV-free HCCs rather than in HBV-positive ones.Conclusions:Polymorphic genotypes predisposing the APOBEC3B-UNG imbalance in IL6-presenting microenvironment promote HCC development, possibly via promoting the generation of high-risk HBV mutations. This can be transformed into specific prophylaxis of HBV-caused HCC.
Guerilla Science: Mixing Science with Art, Music and Play in Unusual Settings
Authors: Rosin Mark , Wong Jen , O’Connell Kari , Storksdieck Martin , Keys Brianna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Outreach activities at the interface of science and art present a unique opportunity to connect and engage with “latently interested” publics who do not otherwise take part in science activities such as visiting science museums. In this article, the authors present “Guerilla Science” as one model that supports the hypothesis that well-designed science and art (STEAM) programming in informal settings can broaden participation in and facilitate engagement with STEM-related topics. The article describes a range of interactive events featuring scientists and artists and accompanying research into the impact of these events on a public audience.
Radar Detection of Individual Raindrops
Authors: Schmidt Jerome M. , Flatau Piotr J. , Harasti Paul R. , Yates Robert. D. , Delene David J. , Gapp Nicholas J. , Kohri William J. , Vetter Jerome R. , Nachamkin Jason E. , Parent Mark G. , Hoover Joshua D. , Anderson Mark J. , Green Seth , Bennett James E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDescriptions of the experimental design and research highlights obtained from a series of four multiagency field projects held near Cape Canaveral, Florida, are presented. The experiments featured a 3 MW, dual-polarization, C-band Doppler radar that serves in a dual capacity as both a precipitation and cloud radar. This duality stems from a combination of the radar’s high sensitivity and extremely small-resolution volumes produced by the narrow 0.22° beamwidth and the 0.543 m along-range resolution. Experimental highlights focus on the radar’s real-time aircraft tracking capability as well as the finescale reflectivity and eddy structure of a thin nonprecipitating stratus layer. Examples of precipitating storm systems focus on the analysis of the distinctive and nearly linear radar reflectivity signatures (referred to as “streaks”) that are caused as individual hydrometeors traverse the narrow radar beam. Each streak leaves a unique radar reflectivity signature that is analyzed with regard to estimating the underlying particle properties such as size, fall speed, and oscillation characteristics. The observed along-streak reflectivity oscillations are complex and discussed in terms of diameter-dependent drop dynamics (oscillation frequency and viscous damping time scales) as well as radar-dependent factors governing the near-field Fresnel radiation pattern and inferred drop–drop interference.
Traumatic imagery following glucocorticoid administration in earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Douglas Katie M , Groves Samantha , Porter Richard J , Jordan Jenny , Wilson Lynere , Melzer Tracy R , Wise Richard G , Bisson Jonathan I , Bell Caroline J 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder involves excessive retrieval of traumatic memories. Glucocorticoids impair declarative memory retrieval. This preliminary study examined the effect of acute hydrocortisone administration on brain activation in individuals with earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder compared with earthquake-exposed healthy individuals, during retrieval of traumatic memories. Method: Participants exposed to earthquakes with ( n = 11) and without post-traumatic stress disorder ( n = 11) underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, 1-week apart, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced design. On one occasion, they received oral hydrocortisone (20 mg), and on the other, placebo, 1 hour before scanning. Symptom provocation involved script-driven imagery (traumatic and neutral scripts) and measures of self-reported anxiety. Results: Arterial spin labelling showed that both post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma-exposed controls had significantly reduced cerebral blood flow in response to retrieval of traumatic versus neutral memories in the right hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, calcarine sulcus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate, Heschl’s gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, lingual gyrus and cuneus, and the left prefrontal cortex. Hydrocortisone resulted in non-significant trends of increasing subjective distress and reduced regional cerebral blood flow in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus and right frontal pole, during the trauma script. Conclusion: Findings do not fit with some aspects of the accepted neurocircuitry model of post-traumatic stress disorder, i.e., failure of the medial prefrontal cortex to quieten hyperresponsive amygdala activity, and the potential therapeutic benefits of hydrocortisone. They do, however, provide further evidence that exposure to earthquake trauma, regardless of whether post-traumatic stress disorder eventuates, impacts brain activity and highlights the importance of inclusion of trauma-exposed comparisons in studies of post-traumatic stress disorder.
The role of dissociation and abuse among adolescents who self-harm
Authors: Hoyos Carlos , Mancini Vincent , Furlong Yulia , Medford Nick , Critchley Hugo , Chen Wai 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Retrospective recall of dissociative symptoms has been found to mediate the association between childhood abuse and deliberate self-harm (DSH) in later life. To disentangle the effect of recall bias, we tested whether dissociation symptoms ascertained during an acute DSH presentation mediates this link. Method: All participants with DSH were recruited during emergency presentation. Seventy-one individuals aged 11–17 years with overdose (OD) and/or self-injury (SI) participated in semi-structured interviews and psychiatric assessment to measure abuse and dissociation. An age- and gender-matched comparison group of 42 non-psychiatric patients admitted to the same service were also assessed. Results: The DSH groups reported significantly higher levels of abuse and dissociation compared to comparison group. Dissociation significantly mediated the association between abuse and DSH. Of the four dissociation subtypes, ‘depersonalisation’ was the primary mediator. Adolescents with chronic patterns of DSH and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type reported more severe dissociation. Conclusion: Exposure to abuse significantly increased the risk of DSH in adolescence. This association was mediated by dissociation. Our findings suggest a possible dose–response relationship between dissociation with DSH chronicity and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type, implicating the importance of evaluating dissociation and depersonalisation symptoms as well as abuse exposure in DSH management.