bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isavuconazole treatment for rare fungal diseases and for invasive aspergillosis in patients with renal impairment: Challenges and lessons of the VITAL trial
Authors: Perfect John R. , Cornely Oliver A. , Heep Markus , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Mullane Kathleen M. , Maher Rochelle , Croos‐Dabrera Rodney , Lademacher Christopher , Engelhardt Marc , Chen Caroline , Marty Francisco M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryInvasive fungal disease (IFD) confers a substantial risk for morbidity and mortality to immunocompromised patients. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common IFD caused by moulds but the prevalence of other rare mould diseases, such as mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis, may be increasing. Treatments are available for IA, but evidence to support efficacy and safety of antifungal agents for rare IFDs, or for IFDs in special patient populations, is limited or lacking. The VITAL trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for the treatment of patients with IA and renal impairment, or with IFDs caused by rare moulds, yeasts or dimorphic fungi. These patients stand to benefit most from a new treatment option but are unlikely to be included in a randomised, controlled trial. In this article, we review the challenges faced in the design and conduct of the VITAL trial. We also review the findings of VITAL, which included evidence of the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole. Finally, we consider the importance of trials such as VITAL to inform therapeutic decision making for clinicians faced with the challenge of treating patients with rare IFDs and as one paradigm of how to determine efficacy and safety of new drugs for rare and resistant infections without a suitable comparator.
An Outbreak of Microsporum canis infection at a military base associated with stray cat exposure and person‐to‐person transmission
Authors: Brosh‐Nissimov Tal , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Astman Nadav , Malin Alex , Baruch Yaron , Galor Inbal 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis is usually associated with exposure to animals, but outbreaks with anthropophilic transmission were described. A large outbreak in a military base was investigated. We investigated the outbreak's source and risk factors for infection in order to contain and eliminate it. All staff‐members at the base were interviewed and examined. A case‐control analysis of symptomatic patients was used to elucidate risk factors. Stray cats were captured and sampled. M. canis isolated from skin and fur specimens of patients and cats were genotyped by microsatellite sequencing. Fifty‐three of 502 staff‐members were symptomatic. Logistic regression showed risk associated with female gender, cat contact at base and performance of guarding duty. Multiple stray cats were found at the base. M. canis isolates from 4 cats and 4 patients had an identical genotype, while 2 patients had different genotypes. We describe the largest M. canis outbreak reported until now. Epidemiological and phylogenetic tools were used to investigate the source of the outbreak. Multiple exposures to stray cats caused infection of mainly young female soldiers performing guarding duty. Other persons were infected by person‐to‐person transmission. These findings aided in the termination of the outbreak.
High‐Stakes Conflicts and the Link between Theory and Practice: Celebrating the Work of Ellen Giebels
Authors: Oostinga Miriam S. D. , Rispens Sonja , Taylor Paul J. , Ufkes Elze G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2012 recipient of the IACM's Jeffrey Rubin's Theory‐to‐Practice Award, we celebrate the work of Ellen Giebels. We highlight her groundbreaking research on influence tactics in crisis negotiations and other high‐stakes conflict situations, showing how her focus on theoretical foundations and careful design has delivered contributions of practical relevance. We then hear from two early career researchers who share how Ellen's research and mentorship fostered their own desire to deliver impactful research. We conclude by inviting Ellen to reflect on future research questions and to underscore her vision on the use of technology in conflict and negotiations research.
Is desiccation tolerance and avoidance reflected in xylem and phloem anatomy of two coexisting arid‐zone coniferous trees?
Authors: Sevanto Sanna , Ryan Max , Dickman L. Turin , Derome Dominique , Patera Alessandra , Defraeye Thijs , Pangle Robert E. , Hudson Patrick J. , Pockman William T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlants close their stomata during drought to avoid excessive water loss, but species differ in respect to the drought severity at which stomata close. The stomatal closure point is related to xylem anatomy and vulnerability to embolism, but it also has implications for phloem transport and possibly phloem anatomy to allow sugar transport at low water potentials. Desiccation‐tolerant plants that close their stomata at severe drought should have smaller xylem conduits and/or fewer and smaller interconduit pits to reduce vulnerability to embolism but more phloem tissue and larger phloem conduits compared with plants that avoid desiccation. These anatomical differences could be expected to increase in response to long‐term reduction in precipitation. To test these hypotheses, we used tridimensional synchroton X‐ray microtomograph and light microscope imaging of combined xylem and phloem tissues of 2 coniferous species: one‐seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) and piñon pine (Pinus edulis) subjected to precipitation manipulation treatments. These species show different xylem vulnerability to embolism, contrasting desiccation tolerance, and stomatal closure points. Our results support the hypothesis that desiccation tolerant plants require higher phloem transport capacity than desiccation avoiding plants, but this can be gained through various anatomical adaptations in addition to changing conduit or tissue size.
Successful treatment of severe subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with rituximab in an adolescent
Authors: Dodds Melissa , Hobday Patricia , Schultz Brittney , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is rare in children. Most patients respond well to conventional therapy with prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, or both. Other case reports and small series have reported successful clearance with rituximab in adults. We report an adolescent who obtained remission with rituximab after failing conventional therapy.
Contrasting features of childhood and adolescent melanomas
Authors: Bartenstein Diana W. , Kelleher Cassandra M. , Friedmann Alison M. , Duncan Lyn M. , Tsao Hensin , Sober Arthur J. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMelanoma in children and adolescents is uncommon, and there are limited data on pediatric outcomes. Several studies have shown comparable survival rates in children and adults, but other research demonstrates that prepubescent children have more favorable outcomes. This study aims to compare childhood and adolescent melanoma.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of children who received a melanoma diagnosis at the Massachusetts General Hospital between January 1, 1995, and December 21, 2016. Childhood melanoma is defined as disease occurring in patients younger than 11 years old, and adolescent melanoma is defined as disease occurring in patients 11 to 19 years old. Patients diagnosed with ocular melanoma and borderline tumors of uncertain malignant potential were excluded. This analysis compares clinical, histopathologic, and outcome characteristics of childhood and adolescent melanoma.ResultsThirty‐two children with melanoma were identified (12 children, 20 adolescents). The spitzoid melanoma subtype was significantly more common in children (6/12) than adolescents (2/20) (P = .01). Four adolescents and no children with melanoma died from melanoma, and survival was significantly different between the age groups (P = .04). Median follow‐up time for survivors was 3.6 years.ConclusionsThese results suggest that children and adolescents present with different melanoma subtypes and that adolescents have a more aggressive disease course than children.
Familial Blau syndrome without uveitis caused by a novel mutation in the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 gene with good response to infliximab
Authors: Toral‐López Jaime , González‐Huerta Luz M. , Martín‐del Campo Mónica , Messina‐Baas Olga , Cuevas‐Covarrubias Sergio A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe proband in this study was a 4‐year‐old Mexican girl with Blau syndrome. She and her affected family members had skin rash and arthritis but no uveitis. Exome sequencing and DNA direct sequencing from blood samples revealed a novel nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 gene mutation in the affected family members. This study is the first report of a Mexican family with Blau syndrome showing good infliximab treatment response. The novel mutation in the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 gene (c.1808A>G) enriches the mutation spectrum in Blau syndrome. This family represents one of the few cases of autosomal Blau syndrome with no uveitis; because of phenotype variability, it is important to recognize Blau syndrome's clinical spectrum and recommend genetic consultation.
Ischemia‐modified albumin in preterm infants born to mothers with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Özdemir Özmert MA , Özdemir Emine , Enli Yaşar , Öztekin Özer , Ergin Hacer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPre‐eclampsia (PE) carries an increased risk for maternal and/or fetal mortality or serious morbidity. PE is associated with ischemia and increased oxidative stress in the placenta, which may lead to modification of plasma albumin to ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA). The aim of this study was to investigate IMA and hematological parameters in mothers and in premature infants in normal and in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies.MethodsTwenty‐five pregnant women with PE and their premature newborns were categorized as the PE group, and 25 normotensive pregnant women and their premature newborns as the control group. Preterm infants are classified as small for gestational age (SGA) or non‐SGA according to the Fenton preterm growth chart. Serum IMA, complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests (LFT), renal function tests (RFT), albumin, and C‐reactive protein were measured in the mothers immediately before birth, and in the cord blood and serum of the newborns at 6 and 24 h after birth. Clinical and demographic data were recorded for both groups.ResultsWhile IMA, LFT and RFT were significantly increased in the PE group compared with the control group, albumin and CBC were significantly lower in the PE group. A total of 40% of PE newborns were SGA, 30% of whom had severe SGA (birthweight <3rd percentile). Cord IMA was significantly increased in all preterm neonates in the PE group compared with the control group. No mothers or neonates died.ConclusionSerum IMA in addition to the prevalence of SGA were significantly increased in the PE group. Cord blood IMA, therefore, might be a predictive biomarker for SGA in PE pregnancies.
Daily mistrust: A resource perspective and its implications for work and home
Authors: Lanaj Klodiana , Kim Peter H. , Koopman Joel , Matta Fadel K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMistrust is a daily occurrence at work. Yet little is known about how perceptions of being mistrusted by coworkers may affect employees’ subsequent daily attitudes and behaviors. Indeed, the existing literature on mistrust has overwhelmingly focused on how mistrust affects the trustor (person whose trust is violated) but not the trustee (the mistrusted person). This is problematic because conservation of resources theory (COR) suggests that perceived mistrust is a negative experience likely to affect the mistrusted employees’ subsequent attitudes and behaviors both at work and at home. To investigate this possibility, we conducted an experience sampling study of employees and their significant others over 3 consecutive workweeks. Consistent with COR, day by day perceptions of mistrust increased employees’ emotional exhaustion, consequently leading to withdrawal from colleagues at work and conflict toward their significant other at home. Moreover, supporting self‐enhancement (rather than self‐verification) theory, these effects were stronger when employees perceived mistrust to be high (vs. low) in justification. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this research.
Transgenerational plasticity in Silene vulgaris in response to three types of stress
Authors: Sandner T. M. , van Braak J. L. , Matthies D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The environment experienced by plants can influence the phenotype of their offspring. Such transgenerational plasticity can be adaptive when it results in higher fitness of the offspring under conditions correlated with those experienced by the mother plant. However, it has rarely been tested if such anticipatory parental effects may be induced with different environments.

We grew clonal replicates of Silene vulgaris under control conditions and three types of stress (nutrient deficiency, copper addition and drought), which are known from natural populations of the species. We then subjected offspring from differently treated mother plants to each of the different stress treatments to analyse the influence of maternal and offspring environment on performance and several functional traits.

Current stress treatments strongly influenced biomass and functional traits of the plants, mostly in line with responses predicted by the theory of functional equilibrium. Plant performance was also influenced by maternal stress treatments, and some effects independent of initial size differences remained until harvest. In particular, stressed mothers produced offspring of higher fitness than control plants. However, there was no evidence for treatment‐specific adaptive transgenerational plasticity, as offspring from a mother plant that had grown in a specific environment did not grow better in that environment than other plants.

Our results indicate that the maternal environment may affect offspring traits and performance, but also that this transgenerational plasticity is not necessarily adaptive.
Prenatal triptan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 5‐year‐old children: Follow‐up from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Harris Gerd‐Marie Eskerud , Wood Mollie , Ystrom Eivind , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTriptans are commonly used to treat migraine headaches, but data on the long‐term safety of these medications during pregnancy are sparse. Triptans have a biologically plausible mechanism for effects on the fetal brain through binding to 5‐HT1‐receptors, and previous studies show increased risks of externalising behaviour problems in toddlers exposed to triptans during pregnancy.MethodsWe included 3784 children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, whose mothers returned the 5‐year‐questionnaire and reported a history of migraine or triptan use; 353 (9.3%) mothers reported use of triptans during pregnancy, 1509 (39.9%) reported migraine during pregnancy but no triptan use, and 1922 (50.8%) had migraine prior to pregnancy only. We used linear and log‐binomial models with inverse probability weights to examine the association between prenatal triptan exposure and internalising and externalising behaviour, communication, and temperament in 5‐year‐old children.ResultsTriptan‐exposed children scored higher on the sociability trait than unexposed children of mothers with migraine (β 1.66, 95% confidence interval [0.30, 3.02]). We found no other differences in temperament, or increased risk of behaviour or communication problems.ConclusionsContrary to results from previous studies in younger children, we found no increased risk of externalising behaviour problems in 5‐year‐old children exposed to triptans in fetal life. Triptan‐exposed children did have slightly more sociable temperaments, but the clinical meaning of this finding is uncertain.
Identifying auditory cortex encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia: The utility of low‐frequency versus 40 Hz steady‐state measures
Authors: Edgar J. C. , Fisk Charles L. , Chen Yu‐Han , Stone‐Howell Breannan , Liu Song , Hunter Michael A. , Huang Mingxiong , Bustillo Juan , Cañive José M. , Miller Gregory A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG have identified poststimulus low frequency and 40 Hz steady‐state auditory encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ). Negative findings have also appeared. To identify factors contributing to these inconsistencies, healthy control (HC) and SZ group differences were examined in MEG and EEG source space and EEG sensor space, with better group differentiation hypothesized for source than sensor measures given greater predictive utility for source measures. Fifty‐five HC and 41 chronic SZ were presented 500 Hz sinusoidal stimuli modulated at 40 Hz during simultaneous whole‐head MEG and EEG. MEG and EEG source models using left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) dipoles estimated trial‐to‐trial phase similarity and percent change from prestimulus baseline. Group differences in poststimulus low‐frequency activity and 40 Hz steady‐state response were evaluated. Several EEG sensor analysis strategies were also examined. Poststimulus low‐frequency group differences were observed across all methods. Given an age‐related decrease in left STG 40 Hz steady‐state activity in HC (HC > SZ), 40 Hz steady‐state group differences were evident only in younger participants' source measures. Findings thus indicated that optimal data collection and analysis methods depend on the auditory encoding measure of interest. In addition, whereas results indicated that HC and SZ auditory encoding low‐frequency group differences are generally comparable across modality and analysis strategy (and thus not dependent on obtaining construct‐valid measures of left and right auditory cortex activity), 40 Hz steady‐state group‐difference findings are much more dependent on analysis strategy, with 40 Hz steady‐state source‐space findings providing the best group differentiation.
The source is in the sink: Deep‐water deposition by a submarine volcanic arc, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Shumaker Lauren E. , Sharman Glenn R. , King Peter R. , Graham Stephan A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubmarine volcanoes produce sediment that originates and remains in a deep‐water setting, never escaping the water column. This situation puts a twist on the idea of ‘source to sink’ pathways, where both source and sink are in the submarine realm. Submarine volcanoes may play a significant role in basin sedimentation and evolution, but direct observation of sediment production and dispersal from submerged volcanoes is logistically difficult. This study analyzes the Mohakatino Formation, a Miocene deep‐marine unit produced by ancient submarine volcanoes of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, to investigate sediment transport and deposition from these volcanoes. Outcrop analysis of the volcanogenic deposits suggests a submarine lobe environment in a north–south elongated sub‐basin, confined by the growing volcanic arc to the north and west and a fault‐controlled topographic high to the east. Composition and sedimentary structures indicate that most deposits in this area are reworked volcanogenic material, rather than primary deposits from individual eruption events, transported to the depocentre by eruption‐initiated and mass wasting‐initiated turbidity currents. This study highlights the need for submarine volcanoes to be considered in source to sink investigations, to ascertain their role as sediment sources to marine basins. Deeply submerged volcanoes are disconnected from some environmental signals, while sedimentation from shallow‐water volcanoes may be especially sensitive to perturbations in sea‐level and climate. In both cases, a short transfer zone between source and sink may increase the likelihood that source area signals are transmitted to the sedimentary record.
Cytomegalovirus resistance in CD34+‐selected hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Seong Jin , Huang Yao‐Ting , Foldi Julia , Lee Yeon Joo , Maloy Molly , Giralt Sergio A. , Jakubowski Ann A. , Papanicolaou Genovefa A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia after CD34+‐selected hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) often requires prolonged antiviral therapy. We report rates and outcomes of resistant CMV in a contemporary cohort of CD34+‐selected HCT recipients managed preemptively.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 220 consecutive, CMV‐seropositive recipients (R+), who received CD34+‐selected HCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between June 2010 and December 2014. Patients were monitored by quantitative CMV PCR and were treated preemptively. CMV resistance was tested by a genotypic assay.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐one (73%) patients developed CMV viremia and 47 (29% of viremic and 21% of total patients) had CMV resistance testing by one‐year from HCT. CMV resistance was confirmed in 19 (12% of viremic and 9% of total) patients and was identified >3 months from HCT in 90% of patients. Twelve patients had mutations in UL97 only; the remaining 7 patients had mutations in UL54 only or UL54 and UL97. By 1 year from HCT, 11 of 19 (58%) patients with mutations had CMV end‐organ disease. CMV‐related mortality in patients with resistance was 42%.ConclusionsNine percent of CMV R+, CD34+‐selected HCT recipients had resistant CMV by 1 year from HCT. Of 19 patients with resistant CMV, 58% had CMV end‐organ disease and 42% died of CMV. Effective strategies for CMV prevention and restoration of CMV immunity are needed for CD34+‐selected HCT.
Kinetic of the CMV‐specific T‐cell immune response and CMV infection in CMV‐seropositive kidney transplant recipients receiving rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin induction therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Martín‐Gandul Cecilia , Pérez‐Romero Pilar , Mena‐Romo Damián , Molina‐Ortega Alejandro , González‐Roncero Francisco M. , Suñer Marta , Bernal Gabriel , Cordero Elisa ,   the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI)
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have suggested that rATG treatment may be associated with an increased incidence of CMV infection and delayed CMV immune response. However, the evidences supporting this matter are scarce. This study aims to characterize the kinetic of the CMV‐specific T‐cell immune response before and after rATG induction therapy and the relationship with the development of CMV infection in CMV‐seropositive kidney transplant recipients.MethodsAn observational prospective study of CMV‐seropositive kidney transplant patients that received rATG induction therapy was performed. A pretransplant sample was obtained before the surgery to determine the CMV‐specific immunity. CMV viral load (by PCR) and CMV‐specific T‐cell immune response (by flow cytometry) were determined during the follow‐up at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months post transplantation.ResultsA total of 23 patients were included in the study. CMV prophylaxis was administrated for a media of 90 days after transplantation. At the end of follow‐up, 18 (78.3%) patients had CMV‐specific immunity with a median value of 0.31% CD8+CD69+INF‐γ+ T cells at a median of 16 weeks post transplantation. Five patients never acquired CMV‐specific immunity. No statistically significant association between CMV infection and CMV‐specific T‐cell immune response (P = .086) was observed. However, patients with positive pretransplant CMV‐specific immunity developed earlier immunity and achieved higher levels of CD8+CD69+INF‐γ+ T‐cell post‐transplantation than patients with negative pretransplant immunity.ConclusionsCMV‐specific immune monitoring in addition to CMV‐serology may be useful to stratify patient′s risk of CMV infection before transplantation.