bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azadirachtin inhibits amyloid formation, disaggregates pre-formed fibrils and protects pancreatic β-cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin-induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Dubey Richa , Patil Ketaki , Dantu Sarath C. , Sardesai Devika M. , Bhatia Parnika , Malik Nikita , Acharya Jhankar D. , Sarkar Soham , Ghosh Soumadwip , Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Sharma Shilpy , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin is the major constituent of amyloidogenic aggregates found in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic patients that have been associated with β-cell dysfunction and/or death associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, developing and/or identifying inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation pathway and/or compound that can mediate disaggregation of preformed aggregates holds promise as a medical intervention for T2DM management. In the current study, the anti-amyloidogenic potential of Azadirachtin (AZD)—a secondary metabolite isolated from traditional medicinal plant Neem (Azadirachta indica)—was investigated by using a combination of biophysical and cellular assays. Our results indicate that AZD supplementation not only inhibits hIAPP aggregation but also disaggregates pre-existing hIAPP fibrils by forming amorphous aggregates that are non-toxic to pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, AZD supplementation in pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E) resulted in inhibition of oxidative stress; along with restoration of the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and the associated membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial membrane potential. AZD treatment also restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets exposed to hIAPP. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation studies on full-length hIAPP pentamer with AZD suggested that AZD interacted with four possible binding sites in the amyloidogenic region of hIAPP. In summary, our results suggest AZD to be a promising candidate for combating T2DM and related amyloidogenic disorders.
Exploring circumstellar effects on the lithium and calcium abundances in massive Galactic O-rich AGB stars
Authors: Pérez-Mesa V. , Zamora O. , García-Hernández D. A. , Osorio Y. , Masseron T. , Plez B. , Manchado A. , Karakas A. I. , Lugaro M. 
Published: March 2019

Context. We previously explored the circumstellar effects on Rb and Zr abundances in a sample (21) of massive Galactic O-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Here we are interested in clarifying the role of the extended atmosphere in the case of Li and Ca. Li is an important indicator of hot bottom burning while the total Ca abundances in these stars could be affected by neutron captures.
Aims. We report new Li and Ca abundances in a larger sample (30) of massive Galactic O-rich AGB stars by using more-realistic extended model atmospheres. Li abundances had previously studied with hydrostatic models, while the Ca abundances have been determined here for the first time.
Methods. We used a modified version of the spectral synthesis code Turbospectrum and consider the presence of a gaseous circumstellar envelope and radial wind in the modelling of the spectra of these massive AGB stars. The Li and Ca abundances were obtained from the 6708 Å Li I and 6463 Å Ca I resonance lines, respectively. In addition, we studied the sensitivity of the pseudo-dynamical models to variations of the stellar and wind parameters.
Results. The Li abundances derived with the pseudo-dynamical models are very similar to those obtained from hydrostatic models (the average difference is 0.18 dex, σ2 = 0.02), with no difference for Ca. This indicates that the Li and Ca content in these stars is only slightly affected by the presence of a circumstellar envelope. We also found that the Li I and Ca I line profiles are not very sensitive to variations of the model wind parameters.
Conclusions. The new Li abundances confirm the Li-rich (and super Li-rich, in some cases) nature of the sample stars, supporting the activation of hot bottom burning in massive Galactic AGB stars. This is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions for solar metallicity AGB models from ATON, Monash, and NuGrid/MESA but is at odds with the FRUITY database, which predicts no hot bottom burning leading to the production of Li. Most (20) sample stars display nearly solar (within the estimated errors and considering possible non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects) Ca abundances that are consistent with the available s-process nucleosynthesis models for solar metallicity massive AGB stars, which predict overproduction of 46Ca relatively to the other Ca isotope and the creation of the radioactive isotope 41Ca (half life of 0.1 Myr) but no change in the total Ca abundance. A minority (five) of the sample stars seem to show a significant Ca depletion (by up to 1.0 dex). Possible explanations are offered to explain their apparent and unexpected Ca depletion.
Ruprecht 147 DANCe
Authors: Olivares J. , Bouy H. , Sarro L. M. , Miret-Roig N. , Berihuete A. , Bertin E. , Barrado D. , Huélamo N. , Tamura M. , Allen L. , Beletsky Y. , Serre S. , Cuillandre J.-C. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Ruprecht 147 is the oldest (2.5 Gyr) open cluster in the solar vicinity (< 300 pc), making it an important target for stellar evolution studies and exoplanet searches.
Aims. We aim to derive a census of members and the luminosity, mass, and spatial distributions of the cluster.
Methods. We used an astro-photometric data set including all available information from the literature together with our own observations. We processed the data with an updated version of an existent membership selection methodology.
Results. We identify 259 high-probability candidate members, including 58 previously unreported. All these candidates cover the luminosity interval between G ≳ 6 mag and i ≲ 21 mag. The cluster luminosity and mass distributions are derived with an unprecedented level of details allowing us to recognize, among other features, the Wielen dip. The mass distribution in the low-mass regime drops sharply at 0.4 M⊙ even though our data are sensitive to stellar masses down to 0.1 M⊙, suggesting that most very-low-mass members left the cluster as the result of its dynamical evolution. In addition, the cluster is highly elongated (ellipticity ∼0.5) towards the galactic plane, and mass segregated.
Conclusions. Our combined Gaia+DANCe data set allows us to obtain an extended list of cluster candidate members, and to derive luminosity, mass, and projected spatial distributions in the oldest open cluster of the solar vicinity.
Interplanetary spread of solar energetic protons near a high-speed solar wind stream
Authors: Wijsen N. , Aran A. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S. 
Published: February 2019

Aims. We study how a fast solar wind stream embedded in a slow solar wind influences the spread of solar energetic protons in interplanetary space. In particular, we aim at understanding how the particle intensity and anisotropy vary along interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) lines that encounter changing solar wind conditions such as the shock waves bounding a corotating interaction region (CIR). Moreover, we study how the intensities and anisotropies vary as a function of the longitudinal and latitudinal coordinate, and how the width of the particle intensities evolves with the heliographic radial distance. Furthermore, we study how cross-field diffusion may alter these spatial profiles.
Methods. To model the energetic protons, we used a recently developed particle transport code that computes particle distributions in the heliosphere by solving the focused transport equation (FTE) in a stochastic manner. The particles are propagated in a solar wind containing a CIR, which was generated by the heliospheric model, EUHFORIA. We study four cases in which we assume a delta injection of 4 MeV protons spread uniformly over different regions at the inner boundary of the model. These source regions have the same size and shape, yet are shifted in longitude from each other, and are therefore magnetically connected to different solar wind conditions.
Results. The intensity and anisotropy profiles along selected IMF lines vary strongly according to the different solar wind conditions encountered along the field line. The IMF lines crossing the shocks bounding the CIR show the formation of accelerated particle populations, with the reverse shock wave being a more efficient accelerator than the forward shock wave. The longitudinal intensity profiles near the CIR are highly asymmetric in contrast to the profiles obtained in a nominal solar wind. For the injection regions that do not cross the transition zone between the fast and slow solar wind, we observe a steep intensity drop of several orders of magnitude near the stream interface (SI) inside the CIR. Moreover, we demonstrate that the longitudinal width of the particle intensity distribution can increase, decrease, or remain constant with heliographic radial distance, reflecting the underlying IMF structure. Finally, we show how the deflection of the IMF at the shock waves and the compression of the IMF in the CIR deforms the three-dimensional shape of the particle distribution in such a way that the original shape of the injection profile is lost.
Head and Neck Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Retrospective analysis of 19 Patients and Review of the Literature
Authors: Carnevale Claudio , Arancibia-Tagle Diego , Sarría-Echegaray Pedro , Til-Pérez Guillermo , Tomás-Barberán Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a small vessel vasculitis characterized by a necrositing granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and focal/proliferative glomerulonephritis. In more than 70% of the cases, the presenting symptoms are head and neck manifestations that are often misdiagnosed as infectious or allergic in etiology.
Objective The present study provides an analysis of head and neck manifestations in a series of patients diagnosed with GPA. It also evaluates their medical and surgical treatment and provides a review of the relevant literature.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 19 patients diagnosed with GPA at a public tertiary care hospital between 2006 and 2017 was performed.
Results A total of 19 patients were included in the present study, and 16 of them presented head and neck manifestations. Sinonasal symptoms were the most common, affecting 56% of the patients, followed by laryngotracheal (31.25%) and ear (25%) symptoms. In 7 patients, sinonasal symptoms were the first manifestation of the disease (43.75%). Four patients underwent surgery at some stage of the disease.
Conclusions Head and neck involvement is common in GPA and may stand for the first or the only manifestation of the disease. The otolaryngologists play a central role in the diagnosis and long-term treatment of these patients, and they have to keep this pathology in mind when treating patients with ENT symptoms that do not respond as expected to the treatment.
Sound Localization Test in Presence of Noise (Sound Localization Test) in Adults without Hearing Alteration
Authors: Almeida Gleide Viviani Maciel , Ribas Angela , Calleros Jorge 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Even people with normal hearing may have difficulties locating a sound source in unfavorable sound environments where competitive noise is intense.
Objective To develop, describe, validate and establish the normality curve of the sound localization test.
Method The sample consisted of 100 healthy subjects with normal hearing, > 18 years old, who agreed to participate in the study. The sound localization test was applied after the subjects underwent a tonal audiometry exam. For this purpose, a calibrated free field test environment was set up. Then, 30 random pure tones were presented in 2 speakers placed at 45° (on the right and on the left sides of the subject), and the noise was presented from a 3rd speaker, placed at 180°. The noise was presented in 3 hearing situations: optimal listening condition (no noise), noise in relation to 0 dB, and noise in relation to - 10 dB. The subject was asked to point out the side where the pure tone was being perceived, even in the presence of noise.
Results All of the 100 participants performed the test in an average time of 99 seconds. The average score was 21, the medium score was 23, and the standard deviation was 3.05.
Conclusion The sound localization test proved to be easy to set-up and to apply. The results obtained in the validation of the test suggest that individuals with normal hearing should locate 70% of the presented stimuli. The test can constitute an important instrument in the measurement of noise interference in the ability to locate the sound.
Intraoperative Anesthesiology Management and Patient Outcomes for Surgical Revascularization for Moyamoya Disease: A Review and Clinical Experience
Authors: Williams George , Jones William , Chaudhry Rabail , Cai Chunyan , Pednekar Greesha , Long Alia , Chouhan Shilpa , Artime Carlos , Wegner Robert , Grewal Navneet , Patterson Velvet , Contreras Daniel , Ferrario Lara 
Published: March 2019

Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular condition, often presenting as a headache or stroke in adults. Anesthetic management of this illness may challenge providers because it can affect the long-term neurologic outcome and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with MMD.
Materials and Methods A literature search was conducted to assess etiology and epidemiology, as well as existing reports of intraoperative management of MMD. Due to sparse findings, the search was expanded to include studies of the use of intraoperative anesthetic agents during other neurosurgical procedures. We also retrospectively reviewed all MMD cases from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015, at Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, where intraoperative management involved craniotomy and surgical revascularization. Data were collected primarily on the use of several anesthetic agents. The LOS and any adverse events were also recorded for each case. The data were divided into two equivalent case cohorts: (1) January 1, 2009, to February 18, 2013, and (2) February 19, 2013, to December 31, 2015.
Results Remifentanil use notably increased between the first and second time periods while fentanyl use decreased. Desflurane usage also demonstrated an observed increase when our two cohorts were compared. Additionally, there was a decrease in the mean LOS between the first and second periods of 3.9 and 3.3 days, respectively.
Conclusion Increasing use of remifentanil in MMD cases could be attributed to its ability to provide more stable hemodynamics during induction, maintenance, and emergence of anesthesia when compared with fentanyl. Lower systolic pressures, diastolic pressures, and heart rates were reported in patients receiving remifentanil over fentanyl.
Abordaje de Smith Petersen modificado para fracturas de cuello femoral Pauwels III – Garden IV
Authors: Villalón Ignácio , Contesse Iván , Vigueras Cristóbal , del Río Javier , Piriz Julio , Riera José 
Published: March 2019

El abordaje de Smith Petersen modificado (SPM), permite la reducción de fracturas del cuello femoral desde anterior, manteniendo la fijación a través de un abordaje lateral. Realizar la reducción bajo visión directa mejoraría la calidad de la reducción y los resultados en fracturas complejas de cuello femoral.
Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de ocho pacientes con fracturas de cuello femoral Pauwels III/Garden IV secundarias a un accidente de alta energía operadas con abordaje SPM. Registramos el tiempo de evolución desde el accidente hasta la cirugía. Se realizó radiografía y tomografía axial computada postoperatoria. Seguimos los pacientes con radiografías mensuales hasta evidenciar consolidación de la fractura y casos de necrosis avascular.
Resultados En promedio, los pacientes fueron operados 2,1 días tras el accidente y fueron seguidos con una mediana de 24,5 meses tras su cirugía. Siete de los ocho pacientes consolidaron. Sólo un caso presentó una no-unión que requirió de una prótesis total de cadera. No hubo casos de necrosis avascular.
Conclusión Las fracturas de cuello femoral de alta energía en pacientes jóvenes son lesiones poco frecuentes. Aunque esta serie es pequeña, llama la atención que tratándose de lesiones desplazadas y con rasgos verticales no observamos casos de necrosis avascular, a pesar de algunos casos con prolongado tiempo de evolución desde el accidente hasta la cirugía. Creemos que esas fracturas deben operarse lo antes posible, pero que es más importante lograr una reducción anatómica en vez de retrasar algunas horas la cirugía. En nuestra experiencia, el abordaje de SPM facilita la reducción adecuada en fracturas complejas de cuello femoral.
Translabyrinthine Approach for Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Feng Yening , Patel Neil S. , Gompel Jamie J. Van , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This video describes the surgical indications, relevant anatomy, and surgical steps of routine translabyrinthine surgery for gross total resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.
Design The procedure is presented through a surgical instructional video.
Setting The surgery took place at tertiary skull base referral center.
Parcipant A 47-year-old patient reported with nonserviceable hearing, frequent episodes of vertigo, recurrent severe headache, and a small unilateral right sided vestibular schwannoma.
Results Gross total resection with preservation of facial nerve function was achieved.
Conclusion This instructional video documents the surgical steps and relevant anatomy for translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/CJ2vKMLs7aI.
Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bautista Maria , Manrique Jorge , Hozack William J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful operation that improves patients' quality of life and functionality. Yet, up to 20% of TKA patients remain unsatisfied with their clinical result. Robotic TKA has gained increased attention and popularity as a means of improving patient satisfaction. The promise of robotic-assisted TKA is that it provides a surgeon with a tool that accurately executes bone cuts according to presurgical planning, as well as provides the surgeon with intraoperative feedback helpful for restoring knee kinematics and soft tissue balance. Several systems are now available, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Evidence that the use of robotics will lead to improved implant survival, function, and patient-reported outcomes is slowly being accumulated, but this has not been clearly proven to date. Recent literature does show that the use of robotics during TKA is not associated with increased surgical time or complications. The goal of this review is to provide an objective assessment of the evidence surrounding robotic technology for TKA.
Notes on the Accessory Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle: A Rare Supernumerary Variation
Authors: Pires Lucas Alves Sarmento , Machado Graciele de Caro Reis , Fernandes Rodrigo Mota Pacheco , Manaia Jorge Henrique Martins , Champs João Francisco Silva , Babinski Marcio Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVariations of the forearm muscles are well described in the literature. In spite of that, reports regarding the accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are scarce due to its rarity. This muscle usually originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus with the flexor muscle mass and inserts itself into the palmar aponeurosis or the pisiform bone together with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Supernumerary and anomalous muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm have been associated with ulnar nerve and artery compression. Furthermore, they may also mimic neuromas and soft tissue tumors. The study of supernumerary muscles is necessary, as they may be an option to tendon grafts and muscle flaps. The aim of this paper is to describe the presence of the accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle on the left forearm of a cadaver fixated in a phenol solution and discuss its clinical and anthropological significance.
Double-negative T cells remarkably promote neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke
Authors: Meng Hailan , Zhao Haoran , Cao Xiang , Hao Junwei , Zhang He , Liu Yi , Zhu Min-sheng , Fan Lizhen , Weng Leihua , Qian Lai , Wang Xiaoying , Xu Yun 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceIn the present study, we found a significantly up-regulated CD3+CD4−CD8−T cell (double-negative T cell; DNT) population in the peripheral blood of patients with acute stroke compared with age-matched healthy subjects. Interestingly, infiltrating DNTs were mainly located close to microglia in the ischemic brain tissues of both stroke patients and middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. DNTs amplified the proinflammatory microglia and subsequently enhanced the neuroinflammation and exacerbated the brain injury after ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, DNT-intrinsic FasL and PTPN2 collaboratively regulate the level of CD86+microglia via production of TNF-α. Taken together, these data reveal that infiltrating DNTs are the critical driving force in promoting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury.
Statistics of noisy growth with mechanical feedback in elastic tissues
Authors: Damavandi Ojan Khatib , Lubensky David K. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Tissue growth is often a noisy process, and control of this noise is vital to the integrity of growth and development. However, a basic theoretical understanding of how noise affects growth, especially in tissues with mechanical feedback, is lacking. Here, we consider the simplest model of stochastic tissue growth and show that it predicts nontrivial behavior for observable quantities like density correlations and the sizes of marked clones. The former, in particular, exhibits power laws analogous to those seen in models of the early universe, hinting at a hitherto unexplored richness in the physics of “inflationary embryology.”
Femtosecond covariance spectroscopy
Authors: Tollerud Jonathan Owen , Sparapassi Giorgia , Montanaro Angela , Asban Shahaf , Glerean Filippo , Giusti Francesca , Marciniak Alexandre , Kourousias George , Billè Fulvio , Cilento Federico , Mukamel Shaul , Fausti Daniele 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Here we establish femtosecond covariance spectroscopy as a technique that uses ultrashort stochastic light pulses to measure nonlinear material responses. By using pulses with spectrally uncorrelated fluctuations we can leverage on the noise and consider each repetition of the experiment as a measurement under different conditions. In this limit we demonstrate that nonlinear processes in the sample can be retrieved by measuring the spectral correlations in different pulses. We validate the approach by studying stimulated Raman scattering in α-quartz. This concept can be applied to reveal low-energy modes of electronic, spin, and vibrational origin and adapted to different techniques and wavelength ranges, from optical to X-ray free-electron lasers, where strong stochastic fluctuations are unavoidable.