bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Growth and Evolution of Nocturnal Ionospheric Irregularities Using HF Radar Observations Along With Digisonde and GNSS Data Over Trivandrum, India
Authors: Sruthi T. V. , Manju G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growth and evolution of nocturnal ionospheric plasma irregularities are analyzed over the geomagnetic equatorial station Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E, dip latitude 1.9°N) using multi‐instrumental techniques during various seasons of moderate and high solar activity periods. Irregularities are classified into three categories based on their structure and the vertical extent of radar backscattered echoes as Bottom Type, Top Side, and Bottom Type‐Top Side structures. The presence or absence of energy cascading across different scale sizes is identified from the presence of irregularities as Equatorial Spread F (ESF) in digisonde, scintillation in GNSS and backscattered echoes in HF radar with the signals manifesting sequentially or otherwise in these instruments. Threshold values of the duration (2.25 hr) and altitudinal extent (430 km) of ESF irregularities (observed with the digisonde) required for effective energy cascading across scale sizes are identified. The bottom type irregularity layers are observed to form in the equatorial region, Trivandrum, when the post‐sunset F region height varied within the range of 280–370 km which is broader in comparison to those observed at low latitudes. An empirical model is developed using post‐sunset ionospheric height to predict the maximum altitudinal extent of ESF irregularities. This serves as an indicator of the energy cascading process across scale sizes. The altitudinal extent of irregularities predicted by the empirical model also serves as a proxy for the occurrence of plasma bubbles, which has significant adverse implications for communication and navigation systems.
Knowledge and awareness of emergency department residents and physicians regarding the management of dentofacial traumatic injuries: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yousuf Tahoora , Subhan Khan Muhammad , Ghafoor Robia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Majority of patients with Dento-Facial Traumatic Injuries (DFTI) seek initial care at an Emergency Department (ED). The timely management of DFTI is of utmost importance in determining long-term prognosis of the tooth and the patient’s overall quality of life. Thus, knowledge and awareness of ED residents & physicians regarding the management of DFTI is crucial for better patient outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated the knowledge of ED specialists regarding initial management of dental trauma, however, scientific evidence in this domain is scarce in our region.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of ED residents and physicians regarding diagnosis and management of DFTI using a web-based survey on REDCap.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among the ED residents and physicians of private and public hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through a web-based questionnaire, sent via email to the participants. The survey comprised of questions assessing their knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of various dental and maxillofacial injuries. Responses from the participants were graded as low, moderate or high knowledge levels according to a pre-determined criteria. Pearson’s chi-square test was applied to determine the association between knowledge scores.

Results
The total response rate was 47.6%. Out of 116 participants, 49 (42%) responses were received from physicians and 67 (58%) from residents. The overall knowledge level of participants was low (46.6%) and there was no significant difference in the knowledge level between residents and physicians (p = 0.157). Participants who had received formal training in dental trauma (p = 0.038) and those with more years of clinical experience (p = 0.004) had higher knowledge scores, that were statistically significant.

Conclusions
The knowledge and awareness of ED residents and physicians in dental trauma management was generally low. Specialized training courses are required to provide timely and adequate management of traumatic dental injuries in order to improve patient-related outcomes.
PIGK defects induce apoptosis in Purkinje cells and acceleration of neuroectodermal differentiation
Authors: Chen Siyi , You Jiali , Zhou Xiaowei , Li Yan , Liu Fang , Teng Yanling , Teng Hua , Li Yunlong , Liang Desheng , Li Zhuo , Wu Lingqian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiallelic mutations in PIGK cause GPI biosynthesis defect 22 (GPIBD22), characterized with developmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar atrophy. The understanding of the underlying causes is limited due to the lack of suitable disease models. To address this gap, we generated a mouse model with PIGK deficits, specifically in Purkinje cells (Pcp2-cko) and an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model using the c.87dupT mutant (KI) found in GPIBD22 patients. Pcp2-cko mice demonstrated cerebellar atrophy, ataxia and progressive Purkinje cells loss which were accompanied by increased apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Similarly, KI iPSCs exhibited increased apoptosis and accelerated neural rosette formation, indicating that PIGK defects could impact early neural differentiation that confirmed by the RNA-Seq results of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The increased apoptosis and accelerated NPC differentiation in KI iPSCs are associated with excessive unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway activation, and can be rescued by UPR pathway inhibitor. Our study reveals potential pathogenic mechanism of GPIBD22 and providing new insights into the therapeutic strategy for GPIBD.
Aurora B inhibitors promote RB hypophosphorylation and senescence independent of p53-dependent CDK2/4 inhibition
Authors: Vora Shivam , Andrew Ariel , Kumar Ramyashree Prasanna , Nazareth Deborah , Bonfim-Melo Alexis , Lim Yoon , Ong Xin Yee , Fernando Madushan , He Yaowu , Hooper John D. , McMillan Nigel AJ , Urosevic Jelena , Travers Jon , Saeh Jamal , Kumar Sharad , Jones Mathew JK , Gabrielli Brian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAurora B kinase (AURKB) inhibitors have been trialled in a range of different tumour types but are not approved for any indication. Expression of the human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogenes and loss of retinoblastoma (RB) protein function has been reported to increase sensitivity to AURKB inhibitors but the mechanism of their contribution to sensitivity is poorly understood. Two commonly reported outcomes of AURKB inhibition are polyploidy and senescence, although their relationship is unclear. Here we have investigated the major cellular targets of the HPV E6 and E7, p53 and RB, to determine their contribution to AURKB inhibitor induced polyploidy and senescence. We demonstrate that polyploidy is a universal feature of AURKB inhibitor treatment in all cell types including normal primary cells, but the subsequent outcomes are controlled by RB and p53. We demonstrate that p53 by regulating p21 expression is required for an initial cell cycle arrest by inhibiting both CDK2 and CDK4 activity, but this arrest is only triggered after cells have undergone two failed mitosis and cytokinesis. However, cells can enter senescence in the absence of p53. RB is essential for AURKB inhibitor-induced senescence. AURKB inhibitor induces rapid hypophosphorylation of RB independent of inhibition of CDK2 or CDK4 kinases and p53. This work demonstrates that p53 activation determines the timing of senescence onset, but RB is indispensable for senescence.
Absence of bulk charge density wave order in the normal state of UTe2
Authors: Kengle C. S. , Vonka J. , Francoual S. , Chang J. , Abbamonte P. , Janoschek M. , Rosa P. F. S. , Simeth W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA spatially modulated superconducting state, known as pair density wave (PDW), is a tantalizing state of matter with unique properties. Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies revealed that spin-triplet superconductor UTe2 hosts an unprecedented spin-triplet, multi-component PDW whose three wavevectors are indistinguishable from a preceding charge-density wave (CDW) order that survives to temperatures well above the superconducting critical temperature, Tc. Whether the PDW is the mother or a subordinate order remains unsettled. Here, based on a systematic search for bulk charge order above Tc using resonant elastic X-ray scattering (REXS), we show that the structure factor of charge order previously identified by STM is absent in the bulk within the sensitivity of REXS. Our results invite two scenarios: either the density-wave orders condense simultaneously at Tc in the bulk, in which case PDW order is likely the mother phase, or the charge modulations are restricted to the surface.
A tripartite synergistic optimization strategy for zinc-iodine batteries
Authors: Yan Weibin , Liu Ying , Qiu Jiazhen , Tan Feipeng , Liang Jiahui , Cai Xinze , Dai Chunlong , Zhao Jiangqi , Lin Zifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe energy industry has taken notice of zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries for their high safety, low cost, and attractive energy density. However, the shuttling of I3− by-products at cathode electrode and dendrite issues at Zn metal anode result in short cycle lifespan. Here, a tripartite synergistic optimization strategy is proposed, involving a MXene cathode host, a n-butanol electrolyte additive, and the in-situ solid electrolyte interface (SEI) protection. The MXene possesses catalytic ability to enhance the reaction kinetics and reduce I3− by-products. Meanwhile, the partially dissolved n-butanol additive can work synergistically with MXene to inhibit the shuttling of I3−. Besides, the n-butanol and I− in the electrolyte can synergistically improve the solvation structure of Zn2+. Moreover, an organic-inorganic hybrid SEI is in situ generated on the surface of the Zn anode, which induces stable non-dendritic zinc deposition. As a result, the fabricated batteries exhibit a high capacity of 0.30 mAh cm−2 and a superior energy density of 0.34 mWh cm−2 at a high specific current of 5 A g−1 across 30,000 cycles, with a minimal capacity decay of 0.0004% per cycle. This work offers a promising strategy for the subsequent research to comprehensively improve battery performance.
Parabrachial Calca neurons mediate second-order conditioning
Authors: Park Sekun , Zhu Anqi , Cao Feng , Palmiter Richard D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLearning to associate cues, both directly and indirectly, with biologically significant events is essential for survival. Second-order conditioning (SOC) involves forming an association between a previously reinforced conditioned stimulus (CS1) and a new conditioned stimulus (CS2) without the presence of an unconditioned stimulus (US). The neural substrates mediating SOC, however, remain unclear. Parabrachial Calca neurons, which react to the noxious US, also respond to a CS after pairing with a US, suggesting that Calca neurons mediate SOC. We established an aversive SOC behavioral paradigm in mice and monitored Calca neuron activity via single-cell calcium imaging during conditioning and subsequent recall phases. These neurons were activated by both CS1 and CS2 after SOC. Chemogenetically inhibiting Calca neurons during CS1-CS2 pairing attenuated SOC. Thus, reactivation of the US pathway by a learned CS plays an important role in forming the association between the old and a new CS, promoting the formation of second-order memories.
Enhancing anti-EGFRvIII CAR T cell therapy against glioblastoma with a paracrine SIRPγ-derived CD47 blocker
Authors: Martins Tomás A. , Kaymak Deniz , Tatari Nazanin , Gerster Fiona , Hogan Sabrina , Ritz Marie-Françoise , Sabatino Valerio , Wieboldt Ronja , Bartoszek Ewelina M. , McDaid Marta , Gerber Alexandra , Buck Alicia , Beshirova Aisha , Heider Anja , Shekarian Tala , Mohamed Hayget , Etter Manina M. , Schmassmann Philip , Abel Ines , Boulay Jean-Louis , Saito Yasuyuki , Mariani Luigi , Guzman Raphael , Snijder Berend , Weiss Tobias , Läubli Heinz , Hutter Gregor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA significant challenge for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is densely populated by protumoral glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs). Myeloid immune checkpoint therapy targeting the CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis induces GAM phagocytic function, but CD47 blockade monotherapy is associated with toxicity and low bioavailability in solid tumors. In this work, we engineer a CAR T cell against epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), constitutively secreting a signal regulatory protein gamma-related protein (SGRP) with high affinity to CD47. Anti-EGFRvIII-SGRP CAR T cells eradicate orthotopic EGFRvIII-mosaic GBM in vivo, promoting GAM-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis. In a subcutaneous CD19+ lymphoma mouse model, anti-CD19-SGRP CAR T cell therapy is superior to conventional anti-CD19 CAR T. Thus, combination of CAR and SGRP eliminates bystander tumor cells in a manner that could overcome main mechanisms of CAR T cell therapy resistance, including immune suppression and antigen escape.
Non-targeted N-glycome profiling reveals multiple layers of organ-specific diversity in mice
Authors: Helm Johannes , Mereiter Stefan , Oliveira Tiago , Gattinger Anna , Markovitz David M. , Penninger Josef M. , Altmann Friedrich , Stadlmann Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN-glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes, with immense importance at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Accurate and reliable N-glycan analysis is essential to obtain a systems-wide understanding of fundamental biological processes. Due to the structural complexity of glycans, their analysis is still highly challenging. Here we make publicly available a consistent N-glycome dataset of 20 different mouse tissues and demonstrate a multimodal data analysis workflow that allows for unprecedented depth and coverage of N-glycome features. This highly scalable, LC-MS/MS data-driven method integrates the automated identification of N-glycan spectra, the application of non-targeted N-glycome profiling strategies and the isomer-sensitive analysis of glycan structures. Our delineation of critical sub-structural determinants and glycan isomers across the mouse N-glycome uncovered tissue-specific glycosylation patterns, the expression of non-canonical N-glycan structures and highlights multiple layers of N-glycome complexity that derive from organ-specific regulations of glycobiological pathways.
Corrosion evaluation of Al-Cu-Mn-Zr cast alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Jun Jiheon , Shyam Amit , Bahl Sumit , Su Yi-Feng , Haynes J. Allen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCorrosion behavior of cast Al-Cu-Mn-Zr (ACMZ) and RR350 alloys was compared to a cast 319 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. After 168 h immersion, ACMZ and RR350 alloys suffered from preferential attack adjacent to intermetallic particles decorated at grain boundaries while the attack in 319 occurred in eutectic Al-Si dendritic boundaries. Electrochemical data allowed semiquantitative comparison of alloy resistance to corrosion initiation, and ACMZ type alloys, including RR350 and three alloys with higher Cu, were considered more resistant than 319 due to the absence of deleterious Si particles. In case of 319, such Si particles presumably drove higher micro-galvanic influence to initiate and sustain Al corrosion. With lower susceptibility to corrosion initiation, ACMZ alloys should exhibit higher or at minimum similar resistance compared to cast 319.
A kinematic dataset of locomotion with gait and sit-to-stand movements of young adults
Authors: Hanisch Simon , Pogrzeba Loreen , Muschter Evelyn , Li Shu-Chen , Strufe Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKinematic data is a valuable source of movement information that provides insights into the health status, mental state, and motor skills of individuals. Additionally, kinematic data can serve as biometric data, enabling the identification of personal characteristics such as height, weight, and sex. In CeTI-Locomotion, four types of walking tasks and the 5 times sit-to-stand test (5RSTST) were recorded from 50 young adults wearing motion capture (mocap) suits equipped with Inertia-Measurement-Units (IMU). Our dataset is unique in that it allows the study of both intra- and inter-participant variability with high quality kinematic motion data for different motion tasks. Along with the raw kinematic data, we provide the source code for phase segmentation and the processed data, which has been segmented into a total of 4672 individual motion repetitions. To validate the data, we conducted visual inspection as well as machine-learning based identity and action recognition tests, achieving 97% and 84% accuracy, respectively. The data can serve as a normative reference of gait and sit-to-stand movements in healthy young adults and as training data for biometric recognition.
Sublethal effects of nanoformulated Mentha pulegium L. essential oil on the biological and population growth parameters of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Sharifiyan Mohammad , Mehrkhou Fariba , Negahban Maryam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe evaluated the toxicity and sublethal effects of essential oil (Mentha pulegium L.) and its nanoformulation against greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, which is one of the most destructive pests of a wide range of crops. The essential oil was extracted from the plant by steam distillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and 14 chemical components of M. pulegium were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results illustrated that monoterpenoids were main characterized components including pulegone (%66), menthofren (%10.54), 1, 8 Cineole (%8.36), betapenin (%3.49) and limonene (%2.01). The nanoformulation was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that the particles were spherical in shape with an average size of 156.40 nm. The leaf dipping was used for the bioassays. The obtained LC50 and LC25 values of treatments indicated that the nanoformulation of essential oil (LC50: 2418.96 and LC25: 1724. 25 ppm) was more toxic than the pure of M. pulegium oil (LC50: 3223.083 and LC25: 779.439 ppm ppm) against greenhouse whitefly adults after 24 h. The life table data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory using computer program of TWOSEX–MSChart. Also, the sublethal concentration (LC25) of its nanoformulation led to delaying in preadult stage and decreased the adult longevity, and fecundity compared to treatments. Moreover, the sublethal concentration of either M. pulegium oil or its nanoformulation affected the population growth parameters of T.vaporariorum compared to the control. However, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), of adults who exposed to the nanoformulation was lower than the pure form of M. pulegium. The overall results demonstrated that the nanoformulation of M. pulegium has the most lethal and sublethal effects on greenhouse whitefly compared with the pure form of essential oil which can be consider in integrated pest management program (IPM) of this pest.
Meniscus gene expression profiling of inner and outer zone meniscus tissue compared to cartilage and passaged monolayer meniscus cells
Authors: Fei Kaileen , Andress Benjamin D. , Kelly A’nna M. , Chasse Dawn A. D. , McNulty Amy L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMeniscus injuries are common and while surgical strategies have improved, there is a need for alternative therapeutics to improve long-term outcomes and prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Current research efforts in regenerative therapies and tissue engineering are hindered by a lack of understanding of meniscus cell biology and a poorly defined meniscus cell phenotype. This study utilized bulk RNA-sequencing to identify unique and overlapping transcriptomic profiles in cartilage, inner and outer zone meniscus tissue, and passaged inner and outer zone meniscus cells. The greatest transcriptomic differences were identified when comparing meniscus tissue to passaged monolayer cells (> 4,600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)) and meniscus tissue to cartilage (> 3,100 DEGs). While zonal differences exist within the meniscus tissue (205 DEGs between inner and outer zone meniscus tissue), meniscus resident cells are more similar to each other than to either cartilage or passaged monolayer meniscus cells. Additionally, we identified and validated LUM, PRRX1, and SNTB1 as potential markers for meniscus tissue and ACTA2, TAGLN, SFRP2, and FSTL1 as novel markers for meniscus cell dedifferentiation. Our data contribute significantly to the current characterization of meniscus cells and provide an important foundation for future work in meniscus cell biology, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.
Leveraging uncertainty in collective opinion dynamics with heterogeneity
Authors: Mengers Vito , Raoufi Mohsen , Brock Oliver , Hamann Heiko , Romanczuk Pawel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatural and artificial collectives exhibit heterogeneities across different dimensions, contributing to the complexity of their behavior. We investigate the effect of two such heterogeneities on collective opinion dynamics: heterogeneity of the quality of agents’ prior information and of degree centrality in the network. To study these heterogeneities, we introduce uncertainty as an additional dimension to the consensus opinion dynamics model, and consider a spectrum of heterogeneous networks with varying centrality. By quantifying and updating the uncertainty using Bayesian inference, we provide a mechanism for each agent to adaptively weigh their individual against social information. We observe that uncertainties develop throughout the interaction between agents, and capture information on heterogeneities. Therefore, we use uncertainty as an additional observable and show the bidirectional relation between centrality and information quality. In extensive simulations on heterogeneous opinion dynamics with Gaussian uncertainties, we demonstrate that uncertainty-driven adaptive weighting leads to increased accuracy and speed of consensus, especially with increasing heterogeneity. We also show the detrimental effect of overconfident central agents on consensus accuracy which can pose challenges in designing such systems. The opportunities for improved performance and observablility suggest the importance of considering uncertainty both for the study of natural and the design of artificial heterogeneous systems.
Nested cross-validation Gaussian process to model dimethylsulfide mesoscale variations in warm oligotrophic Mediterranean seawater
Authors: Mansour Karam , Decesari Stefano , Paglione Marco , Becagli Silvia , Rinaldi Matteo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study proposes an approach to elucidate spatiotemporal mesoscale variations of seawater Dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations, the largest natural source of atmospheric sulfur aerosol, based on the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning model. Presently, the GPR was trained and evaluated by nested cross-validation across the warm-oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea, a climate hot spot region, leveraging the high-resolution satellite measurements and Mediterranean physical reanalysis together with in-situ DMS observations. The end product is daily gridded fields with a spatial resolution of 0.083° × 0.083° (~9 km) that spans 23 years (1998–2020). Extensive observations of atmospheric methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a typical biogenic secondary aerosol component from DMS oxidation, are consistent with the parameterized high-resolution estimates of sea-to-air DMS flux (FDMS). This represents substantial progress over existing coarse-resolution DMS global maps which do not accurately depict the seasonal patterns of MSA in the Mediterranean atmospheric boundary layer.