bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Herbicide San 6706 on Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments and Prenylquinones in Raphanus and in Hordeum Seedlings
Authors: Lichtenthaler H. K. , Kleudgen H. K. 
Published: August 2018

The pyridazinone herbicide San 6706 blocks chlorophyll and carotenoid formation simultaneously in a correlated way in both Raphanus and Hordeum seedlings. With decreasing carotenoid content the carotenoid precursor phytoene appears in San 6706-treated plants.
The accumulation of the chloroplast prenylquinones (plastoquinone-9, α-tocopherol, α-tocoquinone and vitamin K1) is much less affected. This indicates that the biosynthesis of C20- and C45-prenyl chains (geranyl-geraniol, phytol and solanesol) which are incorporated in prenylquinones is not blocked by San 6706.
It is assumed that the block of chlorophyll and carotenoid formation is due to one basic inhibition mechanism. The possibility that San 6706 may interfere with chloroplast ribosome formation, is discussed.
X-Ray Structure of Two Naturally Occuring Cinnamylidene-butenolides
Authors: Reinhardt R. , Hansel R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
X-Ray An X-ray analysis of two compounds isolated from Piper sanctum confirmed the trans configuration for 5-(methoxy) -cinnamyliden-4-methoxy-but-3-enolide (= piperolide [1]) and for 5-[trans-(2) -β-γ epoxy-α-methoxy-cinnamyliden]-4-methoxy-2 (5H) -furanon (= epoxypiperolide [2]). The stereochemistry of the semicyclic double bond is in favour of the Z-isomeres.
Purification of a Glycoprotein from Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)
Authors: Frenzel B. , Kaaden . R. , Mussgay M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A precipitating antigen of bovine leukemia virus was isolated by isoelectric focusing and Sephadex gel filtration. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it was found to be a homogeneous protein with a relative molecular weight of 69 000 daltons. Because of its relative molecular weight and staining characteristics it was designated as BLV gp69. A protein with the same molecular weight could also be demonstrated in BLV particles. In 34 out of 35 sera from cattle affected by enzootic bovine leukosis antibodies against gp69 were detected, whereas the sera from 197 animals, free of bovine leukosis, did not react in immunodiffusion test.
Parakristalline Körper in jungen Oocyten der Schmerle Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) (Teleostei, Cobitidae) / Paracristalline Bodies in Young Oocytes of the Loach, Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) (Teleostei, Cobitidae)
Authors: Riehl Rüdiger 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Young Oocytes of the Loach, Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) (Teleostei, Cobitidae) Young oocytes of the loach, Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.), were studied by electron microscopy. Fistular paracristalline bodies are found in the oocytes during state I. They consist of many osmiophilic particles with a diameter of 150 - 300 Å. Ultrahistochemical experiments have demonstrated that the paracristalline bodies are mainly composed of pro­ teins. The paracristalline bodies are yolk precursors.
Variability of Conductivity Changes in Black Phosphatidylserine Membranes Induced by Proteins from Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Bleuel H. , Wiedner G. , Schubert D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of black phosphatidylserine membranes, in solutions of 100 mм NaCl, 10 mм sodium phosphate (pH 7.1), is strongly increased by the intrinsic proteins (“strongly bound” protein fraction) from human erythrocyte membranes. The magnitude of the conductivity increase is highly dependent on the maximum pH-value pH* used during the preparation of the protein (8.0≦ pH* ≦11.8). For each pH*, membrane conductivity λf and protein concentration c are linked by the equation λf=k·-cs, k and s being functions only of pH*. The value of s varies between 1.0 (pH* 8) and 4.0 (pH* 10). It is assumed that the protein-induced conducting sites, at least for protein pretreatment at pH* ≦ 10, are assembled from four protein subunits. The incorporation of the subunits into the lipid bilayer is supposed to occur either as the final tetramer (pH* 8) or as monomers (pH* 10) and possibly dimers (pH* around 9).
Transfer of Glycolipid between Membranes of Tissue Culture Cells, Using Dansylcerebroside as a Model
Authors: Huang Richard T. C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Donor cells, which had incorporated dansylcerebroside in their membranes, could further transfer this glycolipid to monolayers of acceptor cells. The ease of transfer varied among acceptor cells, BHK cells being the best and MDBK cells the poorest acceptors of the cells tested.
The process of transfer seemed to be mediated by lipids rather than by proteins of the membranes. The mode of attachment between donors and acceptors, such as classified as loose contact, tight adhesion or binding by lectin, did not significantly influence the extent of glycolipid transfer. However, modification of plasma membranes by infection of acceptor cells with myxoviruses re­sulted in enhancement of glycolipid transfer in some cases.
Various factors have been evaluated with respect to dynamics of cellular membranes.
Notizen: The Structural Components of Hog Cholera Virus
Authors: Enzmann P.-J. , Rehberg Hilde 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hog cholera virus grown in PK-15 cells and SK-cells was labeled with [35S] methionine and [3H] uridine. At least 3 polypeptides were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electro­ phoresis after disruption of the virus with sodium dodecyl-sulfate. The molecular weights of the structural proteins were determined to be 55000 (p55), 46000 (gp46), and 36000 (p36). The molecular weight of the viral RNA was determined to be about 4 X 106 in polyacrylamide-agarose-gel electrophoresis. In sucrose gradients the RNA has a S20,w value of 40 -45S.
Notizen Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an peritrophischen Membranen von Phyllopoden (Crustacea) /Electron-Microscope Study of the Peritrophic M embrane in Phyllopoda (Crustacea)
Authors: Schlecht Friedrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The peritrophic membrane of Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna, and Leptestheria dahalacensis consists of arbitrarily or hexagonal arranged fibrils. Peritrophic membranes of L. dahalacensis show in addition an orthogonal orientation. The development of these patterns by “self assembly”-processes can be excluded.
Artificial Phospholipid and Glycolipid Particles, Visualization of Their Structures by Fluorescence Markers and Some Biological Properties Expressed by These Particles
Authors: Huang Richard T. C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Homogeneous large (5 - 30 μm) lipid particles com­ parable in size and shape to blood cells can be obtained when excess of cholesterol is homogenized with egg phospholipids or brain glycolipids in a Dounce apparatus. The particles contain distinct structures of membranes and lipid cores as visualized by the included fluorescence markers.
When these particles were used as models in studying interactions between membranes, it was demonstrated that several properties norm ally pertaining to natural membranes could be exhibited by lipids alone. It could also be shown that particles containing phospholipids or glycolipids were very different in their adhesiveness to tissue culture cells and in their response to sera of various species.
Scattering of X-Rays by Parallel and Antiparallel Layers in Disordered Stacking and Statistical Layer Shift for a-Chitin
Authors: Haleem M. Abdul , Astbury K. D. Parker 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Statistical Layer Shift, α-Chitin The intensities scattered by antiparallel/parallel layers were calculated. Difference synthesis maps allowing for statistical layer shifts were computed for a-chitin. The results support the view that there may be antiparallel sequence with each layer displaced at random by +e or -e from a halving position in the ϰ-direction. This is supported by greater breadth of certain reflection of the type lkl compared to 0kl on the X-ray diffraction photograph. This gives strong evidence for some imperfection in the ϰ-direction and the proposed indeterminacy + e is one possible way in which this might arise.
Tectograndinol, ein neues Diterpen aus Tectona grandis L. fil. / Tectograndinol, a New Diterpene from Tectona grandis L. fil.
Authors: Rimpler Horst , Christiansen Ilona 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tectona, Verbenaceae, Diterpene, Tectograndinol Tectograndinol (1), a new diterpene has been isolated from leaves of Tectona grandis. Its structure and configuration is elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical reactions.
P1, P5-Bis-(5′-adenosyl)pentaphosphate: Is this Adenylate Kinase Inhibitor Substrate for Mitochondrial Processes?
Authors: Köhrle Josef , Lüstorff Joachim , Schlimme Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1. P1, P5-Bis-(5′-adenosyl)pentaphosphate (Ap5A) inhibits “soluble” adenylate kinase even when this enzyme is an integral part of the complete mitochondrion. The Ki is 10-5м , i. e. about two orders of magnitude higher than the inhibitor constants determined for the purified adenylate kinase of rabbit muscle and an enzyme preparation separated from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The weaker inhibitory effect is due to a lower accessibility of the enzyme.
2. As to be expected Ap5A which is of the “multisubstrate analogue”-type does not affect mito­ chondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
3. Though Ap5A owns the structural elements of both ATP and ADP it is not a substrate of the adenine nucleotide carrier, i.e. neither it is exchanged across the inner mitochondrial membrane nor specifically bound.
4. Ap5A is not metabolized by rat liver mitochondria.
Chirality of the Hydrogen Transfer to NAD Catalyzed by (3R)Hydroxybutyrate Dehydro­genase from Pseudomonas lemoignei
Authors: Alizade Miguel A. , Gaede Karl 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The chirality of the hydrogen transfer from (3R) hy­ droxybutyrate to NAD catalyzed by (3R) hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.30, ᴅ-3-hydroxybutyrate : NAD oxidoreductase) from Pseudomonas lemoignei was investi­ gated. [4-3H ]NAD was enzymatically reduced to (4R) [4-3H ]NADH with (3RS) hydroxybutyrate. This observation was confirmed since NAD could be reduced to (4S) [4-3H] NADH with (3RS) [3-3H] hydroxybutyrate and (3R) hy­ droxybutyrate dehydrogenase. From these experim ents it can be concluded that (3R) hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from P. lem oignei should be classified as an B or (S) type dehydrogenase.
Nonthermal Effects of Millimeter Microwaves on Yeast Growth
Authors: Grundier W. , Keilmann F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Weak microwave irradiation of aqueous yeast cultures was found to affect their growth rate in a frequency-selective manner. Depending on frequency (near 42 GHz), both increases and de­ creases of the growth rate were observed. The resonance bandwidths are of the order of 0.01 GHz. Simple thermal effects can be excluded. These findings support theoretical predictions of coherent molecular oscillations activating metabolic processes.
Untersuchung der kristallinen Strukturen in Depotfetten von Tieren mittels Röntgenbeugungsmethoden / Investigation of Crystalline Structures in Fats of Animals by X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Wawra H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fat-praeparates of cow and pork have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering methods. Dependent on the temperature these fats show distinct X-ray interference patterns in the small-angle region. Hence complete phasediagrams of the fats in the temperature region between -20 °C and 55 °C could be estimated. Using the intensity distribution of the X-ray scattering the electron-density distribution along one direction of the ground-cells of the fat crystals were calculated.
Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Solid State Packing of 1,2-Diglycerides Study of 1,2-Dipalmitin and Some Structural Analogs by Electron Diffraction, X-Ray Diffraction, and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Dorset Douglas L. , Pangborn Walter A. , Hancock Anthony J. , Lee Iris S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Diffraction studies on natural 1,2-dipalmitin and on analogs, including those based on the configurational isomers of cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol reveal that the 1,2-diglycerides crystallize from solvent with chain methylene packing identical to the monoclinic form of even-chain alkanes. The chains probably are folded back in “hairpin” fashion as found in phospholipid crystal structures. Acyl shifts are observed to occur in the crystalline solid state at room temperature to give the 1,3-diglyceride. Analogs based on the above-mentioned cyclitols show that isomers with adjacent chains trans to the ring (possibly extended chain packing) or with chains cis to the ring (“hair­ pin”) crystallize readily. Both possibly extended chain configurational isomers have the α-form as well as β′-forms and a β-polymorph. The hairpin isomers each give a β′-polymorph but only the all-cts isomer gives an α-form.
Protein Patterns during Sporulation in Fission Yeast
Authors: Friedmann K. L. , Egel R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Various strains (wild-type and mutants) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were subjected to sporulation conditions, and analysed with regard to changes in their protein patterns. Trisbuffer-soluble proteins (TS) and DNA-binding proteins (DB) were denatured and separated by polyacrylam ide electrophoresis. A fter endogenous nitrogen depletion (the apparent trigger of conjuga­tion and sporulation) the following alterations were observed: larger TS-proteins were proteolytical-ly degraded; the pattern of DB-proteins underwent several selective changes (reduction, enforce­ ment, or new appearance of individual bands) ; an endonucleolytic DNase activity appeared. Most of these changes were expressed before conjugation, and did not appear in sterile strains. They could, however, be provoked by an abrupt shift to nitrogen-free medium, even in sterile strains. Inhibition studies with cycloheximide revealed at least two phases of protein synthesis specifically needed for sporulation: a very sensitive phase before conjugation, and a more resistant phase lasting until 0.5 h before spore form ation. Medium exchange between heterothallic cultures (h+ and h-) effected certain sporulation-specific alterations of the DB-protein pattern, indicative of diffusible mating-type factors in the culture fluid.
Isolation and Identification of 3-Octanone in the Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Authors: Koedam Arthur , Gijbels Marion J. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The essential oil of freshly distilled leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. was found to contain 3-octanone, a compound hitherto not reported to be present in this oil. Identification was established by comparing the gas chromatographic retention time and by mass spectrometry.
Untersuchungen über spezifische Einflüsse des Serums und Lebercytoplasmas auf den [3H]TTP-Einbau isolierter Leberzellkerne / Studies on the Specific Effects of Serum and Cytoplasm of the Liver on the [3H]TTP-Incorporation of Isolated Liver Nuclei
Authors: Strasser R. , Volm M. 
Published: August 2018

Previous authors have described that liver cytoplasm and serum from partially hepatectomized rats stimulate the DNA synthesis of isolated nuclei of liver cells. The aim of our investigation was to prove whether such stimulating effects are part of a specific regulation of growth. The sera and the cytoplasm supernatant 105 000Xg) were isolated at several intervals after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy and were tested on isolated nuclei of liver cells from adult rats partially hepatectomized 20 hours before. The supernatants isolated at 8 and 16 hours after both partial hepatectomy and laparotomy have a significant stimulatory effect on the [3H]TTP-uptake by nuclei.
The presence of serum (10%) causes a general elevation (75%) of the [3H]TTP-uptake by isolated nuclei. The sera isolated 4 to 12 hours after operation from both partially hepatectomized and laparotomized rats have an additional stimulatory effect on the [3H]TTP-uptake synthes of nuclei. In no case did the sera and liver cytoplasm of partially hepatectomized rats have a significantly different and therefore “specific” effect on the nuclear DNA synthesis.
Additional experiments showed that frozen and thawed nuclei of liver cells respond only to the nutritive power but not to the stimulatory effects of the sera. Thus, thawed nuclei cannot be used for growth investigations.
Degradation of Pisatin by Fungi of the Genus Fusarium
Authors: Lappe Ulrich , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fifteen strains of Fusarium previously shown to degrade flavonoids and isoflavonoids were investigated for pisatin degradation. Fusarium anguioides and Fusarium avenaceum converted the phytoalexin (1) to the nontoxic 3,6a-dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (2).
Multiple Functions of Thioredoxins
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang , Follmann Hartmut , Schmidt Ahlert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Reduced thioredoxins from microbial and plant cells, both of cytoplasmic or chloroplast origin, are interchangeable in stimulating such diverse enzyme activities as ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (E. coli) , PAPS sulfotransferase (Synechococcus), and fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase (from spinach) in vitro. It is suggested that reduced thioredoxins are unspecific, multifunctional cellular proteins while in contrast the oxidized froms require specific enzymes for their reduction.
Antisera to the Coupling Factor of Photophosphorylation and Its Subunits
Authors: Koenig Friederike , Radunz Alfons , Schmid Georg H. , Menke Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Stroma-freed chloroplasts were extracted with sucrose palmitate-stearate containing buffer. After the addition of dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol to the extract a series of polypeptides was isolated from the mixture by gel filtration. These polypeptides were later used for immunization. Antisera to four polypeptides reacted in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test with authentic coupling factor yielding a precipitation band. According to the observed apparent molecular weights the polypeptides are the α, β , δ and ε subunits of the coupling factor. An antiserum to the γ subunit has been obtained already previously.
All antisera inhibit photophosphorylation reactions and electron transport considerably. Addition of gramicidin inhibits photophosphorylation completely whereas gramicidin restores electron transport in the assays with the antisera to the α, β , γ and δ subunit. In the case of the antiserum to the ε subunit gramicidin does not regenerate electron transport. As in the presence of the serum to the ε subunit pH changes in the suspension medium are not observed, this serum seems to open a proton channel. Also, upon addition of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) pH changes in the suspension medium in the assay with antiserum do not reoccur. According to these unexpected results the identity of the antigen with the ε subunit of the coupling factor is not certain.
ATP-ase reactions are only inhibited by the antisera to the α and γ subunit and what is thought to be the ε subunit. The antiserum to the α subunit uncouples electron transport as the only one when used in sufficient concentrations. The dosis-effect curves of the inhibition of the electron transport exhibits a maximum. The dosis-effect curves for the other components rise after a lag phase in an approximately hyperbolic manner. The inhibitory action on electron transport is exerted by all antisera in the region of the reaction center I or in its immediate vicinity. This is thought to be due to the fact that a protein of the reation center I is inhibited in its function by the increasing proton concentration inside the thylakoid. The inhibition of electron transport by the antiserum to the ε subunit is considered to be a direct serum effect.
Besides the increase in fluorescence yield, due to the inhibition of electron transport in the region of photosystem I, decreases of the fluorescence yield are observed in the presence of DCMU, which do not depend on the redox state of Q but rather on the condition of the thylakoid mem­brane. Moreover, the antisera affect in a differing manner the energy spill-over of excitation from photosystem II to photosystem I.
Extracellular Calcium, Magnesium, and Sodium Ion Competition in the Conductance Control of the Photosensory Membrane of Limulus Ventral Nerve Photoreceptor
Authors: Stieve H. , Bruns M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The membrane potential in the dark and the saturated response height of the ventral nerve photoreceptor of Limulus was measured by an intracellular electrode while the external concentration of calcium, magnesium and sodium ions was varied.
Decreasing the extracellular calcium concentration from 10-2 mol/l causes a calcium-dependent lowering of the dark membrane potential and at very low concentrations (<10-8 mol/l a reversal to ca. +5 to +11 mV, if the external magnesium concentration is also low. Also, the light response diminishes with decreasing extracellular calcium concentration and disappears at a concentration of 10-9 mol/l.
External magnesium can substitute for certain properties of extracellular calcium.
Lowering the extracellular sodium concentration from 543 mmol/l to 30 - 50 mmol/1 reduces the dark membrane potential and the light responses at normal calcium concentration, whereas at low calcium concentration it causes a substantial rise of both.
Interpretation: The results are in accordance with our working hypothesis that a strong reduction of the external calcium (and magnesium) concentration causes a calcium concentration dependent opening of “ light channels” in the dark. Additional lowering the extracellular sodium concentration counteracts this effect; opening and closing of light channels is controlled by negative binding sites on the cell membrane for which calcium and sodium ions compete with an antagonistic action.
Phytotoxic Action of Paraquat on the Photosynthetic Apparatus
Authors: Böger Peter , Kunert K. J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Treatment of microalgae (Bumilleriopsis) with paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-dipyridylium dichloride) under culture conditions in the light for 20 or 160 h leads to light-induced oxygen uptake and more or less severe chlorophyll bleaching, which is accompanied by formation of malondial-dehyde. The ratio of chlorophyll to packed chloroplast volume remains about the same as that of the control, presumably indicating destruction of membranes concurrently with pigments. Unre­lated to retardation of growth, degree of bleaching or to the formation of malondialdehyde quite a uniform degree of inactivation (≈ 50%) of partial redox reactions is observed in the region of photosystem II and I except for the terminal part of photosystem I (pigment 700 → NADP+) . The action of paraquat in the cell centers primarily on the photosynthetic membrane system and redox chain.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Substituted Benzoquinones as Inhibitors of Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Reimer Susanne , Link Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1.4-benzoquinones have been tested for their inhibitory activity on photosynthetic NADP+ reduction by chloroplasts. Benzoquinones with one or two branched alkyl side chains are inhibitors of electron flow. Inhibitory activity can be highly increased if one - and even more if two - halogen substitutents are introduced into the quinone moiety. Iodine substitution yields a better inhibitor than bromine than chlorine. A quantitative structure activity relationship according to a bilinear model, as developed by Kubinyi, with the lipophilicity as the only parameter could be established.