bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA processing by the MOBH family relaxase TraI encoded within the gonococcal genetic island
Authors: Heilers Jan-Hendrik , Reiners Jens , Heller Eva-Maria , Golzer Annika , Smits Sander H J , van der Does Chris 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relaxases of the MOBH family are often found on large plasmids, genetic islands and integrative conjugative elements. Many members of this family contain an N-terminal relaxase domain (TraI_2) followed by a disordered middle part and a C-terminal domain of unknown function (TraI_2_C). The TraI_2 domain contains two putative metal-binding motifs, an HD domain motif and an alternative 3H motif. TraI, encoded within the gonococcal genetic island of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is the prototype of the MOBH family. SAXS experiments showed that TraI_2 and TraI_2_C form globular structures separated by an extended middle domain. The TraI_2 domain cleaves oriT-ssDNA in a site-specific Mn2+ or Co2+ dependent manner. The minimal oriT encompasses 50 nucleotides, requires an inverted repeat 3′ of the nic-site and several nucleotides around nic for efficient cleavage. Surprisingly, no stable covalent relaxase-DNA intermediate was observed. Mutagenesis of conserved tyrosines showed that cleavage was abolished in the Y212A mutant, whereas the Y212F and Y212H mutants retained residual activity. The HD and the alternative 3H motifs were essential for cleavage and the HD domain residues D162 and D267 for metal ion binding. We propose that the active site binds two metal ions, one in a high-affinity and one in a low-affinity site.
José María Arguedas and Early 21st Century Cultural and Political Theories
Authors: Daly Tara , Feldman Irina 
Published: June 2019

José María Arguedas (born in Andahuaylas, Peru, in 1911; died in Lima, Peru, in 1969) was an important novelist, ethnographer, cultural advocate, and teacher. In the first two decades of the 21st century, the cultural and political depth of his work has been brought to further light through emergent research areas. Scholars now situate Arguedas’s work under the broader umbrellas of cultural and political theories. In the realm of political philosophy, Arguedas was influenced by the Marxist legacies of 1920s and 1960s Peru, and by such thinkers and activists as José Carlos Mariátegui and Hugo Blanco. Arguedas’s politics, and particularly his challenges to 1960s developmental discourse, anticipates some of the ideas behind the principle of “buen vivir / vivir bien,” a concept developed from indigenous worldviews that has been incorporated into the new Bolivian and Ecuadorian constitutions in the first decade of the 21st century. Arguedas’s insights into the possibilities of dialogue and collaboration between national politics and indigenous cosmologies prove relevant for the Andean contexts of the early 21st century. His potential contributions to ecocriticism, particularly via the intimate connection his novels express toward the natural environment, are also being recognized. In the realm of cultural theory and history, new studies on traditional modes of expression in Peru, such as music, dance, and performance, look back on Arguedas and his pioneer appreciation and preservation of oral traditions as well as his prescience around the impact of migration on the same. The early-21st-century adaptations of his works and ideas into plays or film for children attest to the cultural education that his work continues to promote. Arguedas was recognized in his lifetime as a brilliant teacher, and he personally conceived of teaching and cultural advocacy as one of his main cultural practices. His multifaceted teaching missions—to bring the Andean cultures to the attention of the elites, and to offer the indigenous students access to the necessary tools to navigate the landscape of national modernity—have been vigorously carried out after his death by cultural promoters, artists, and cultural critics with the same idea in mind: to exercise pedagogy to further emancipation. This article reviews both the scholarship on Arguedas and early-21st-century literary, philosophical, anthropological, and historical scholarship on the Andean world inspired by his ideas, as well as artistic productions in the Andean countries in the first two decades of the 21st century, which revisit Arguedas’s oeuvre and give it renewed relevance for the new century.
For a Law of Public Contract Per Se: An Intervention from Liberal Contract Theory
Authors: McLean Janet M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Judges in judicial review cases in New Zealand and the UK currently begin with the presumption that the existence of a contract means that the matter should be treated as a private law one—at least in the absence of a special ‘public element’. This article argues that all contracts with government entities should be treated as presumptively public. Such a position can be justified by recourse to liberal contract theory. Arthur Ripstein’s Kantian theory identifies the critical role of the state in securing the background conditions for the operation of private law. These are unsettled when a government entity is one of the parties to a contract.
Social evaluations under conflict: negative judgments of conflicting information are easier than positive judgments
Authors: Nohlen Hannah U , van Harreveld Frenk , Cunningham William A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how the brain facilitates social judgments despite evaluatively conflicting information. Participants learned consistent (positive or negative) and ambivalent (positive and negative) person information and were then asked to provide binary judgments of these targets in situations that either resolved conflict by prioritizing a subset of information or not. Self-report, decision time and brain data confirm that integrating contextual information into our evaluations of objects or people allows for nuanced (social) evaluations. The same mixed trait information elicited or failed to elicit evaluative conflict dependent on the situation. Crucially, we provide data suggesting that negative judgments are easier and may be considered the ‘default’ action when experiencing evaluative conflict: weaker activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during trials of evaluative conflict was related to a greater likelihood of unfavorable judgments, and greater activation was related to more favorable judgments. Since negative outcome consequences are arguably more detrimental and salient, this finding supports the idea that additional regulation and a more active selection process are necessary to override an initial negative response to evaluatively conflicting information.
Multivariate modeling for retained protein and lipid1
Authors: Moraes Luis Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Energy efficiencies and maintenance parameters have been traditionally estimated with a linear regression model that treated metabolizable energy intake as the dependent variable and protein and lipid depositions as the independent variables. Several studies have described the statistical issues associated with this approach, such as the reverse role of dependent and independent variables and a potential multicollinearity issue due to the high correlation between protein and lipid depositions. Biased regression techniques have been proposed to minimize the harmful effects of multicollinearity on the estimates of energy efficiencies. These approaches, however, only partially addressed the issues described for the linear regression approach. A first multivariate approach was developed by L. J. Koong in the 1970s, who estimated the energy parameters using a set of simultaneous equations. This multivariate approach has been considerably extended in the past two decades with the complete characterization of model’s biological interpretation under different feeding conditions, the simultaneous estimation of maintenance requirements, the extension of the model to a mixed-effects framework, and the implementation of a Bayesian framework for model fitting. The multivariate approach has been successfully applied to model energy deposition and partitioning by mice, pigs, salmon, and rainbow trout. However, multivariate models are, in general, harder to fit than linear regression models due to 1) larger number of parameters, 2) issues with parameter identifiability, and 3) overall lack of algorithm convergence. Therefore, with the recent availability of easy to use and efficient computer packages for model fitting, the use of a Bayesian framework seems to be an attractive approach for fitting multivariate models describing protein and lipid deposition.
Application of the California Net Energy System to grazed forage: feed values and requirements
Authors: Lalman David L , Andresen Claire E , Holder Amanda L , Reuter Ryan R , Foote Andrew P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The California Net Energy System (CNES) has been successfully used for many years to generate estimates of grazing animal energy requirements, supplemental needs, and energy value of grazed forage diets. Compared to pen feeding situations, validation of feed nutritive value estimates or animal performance projections are extremely difficult in grazing animals because many of the system inputs are constantly changing. A major difficulty in applying this or any energy accounting system in the field is acquiring accurate estimates of forage intake. We discuss the various equations available to estimate forage intake for grazing animals with emphasis on beef cows. Progress has been made in recent years although there remains substantial discrepancy among various equations, particularly in the upper range of forage digestibility. Validation work and further development is needed in this area. For lactating cows, our conclusion is that the adjustment of intake for milk production (0.2 kg increase in forage intake per kg of milk produced) needs to be increased to a minimum of 0.35. A particular challenge with the CNES for grazing beef cows is the dramatic interaction that can occur between genetic potential for production traits and nutrient availability. Examples from literature are provided and a case study is presented demonstrating that energy requirements are dynamic and depend on nutrients available in grazing systems. The CNES is a useful tool in grazing beef cattle management although there remains substantial opportunity and need to improve inputs and validate the system in grazing situations.
Contribution of nutrient fluxes to the evolution of the net energy systems, example of the INRA feeding system for beef cattle
Authors: Ortigues-Marty Isabelle , Agabriel Jacques , Vernet Jean , Sepchat Bernard , Al-Jammas Marwa , Nozière Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Energy feeding systems define energy as a whole, but progress made to define metabolizable energy (ME) as the sum of the metabolizable nutrients produced by digestion and available for tissue metabolism in a wide range of nutritional situations opens the way to quantitatively model and predict nutrient fluxes between and within tissues and organs and improve predictions of energy use. This review addresses the contribution of nutrient flux concepts and data to the evolution of the Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) energy feeding system for growing and fattening cattle and evaluates the outcomes on the net energy (NE) requirements. It summarizes recent progress made to quantitatively predict nutrient fluxes both at digestive and visceral levels. It reviews how nutrient flux concepts and results were introduced in the recently updated INRA feeding system, resulting in improvements in the accuracy of the revised digestible energy (DE) and ME value of diets. The use of an independent database showed that for diets fed to fattening cattle, DE and ME concentrations were downgraded for low-energy-dense diets and upgraded for high-energy-dense diets. We are also showing that compared with its previous version, the updated INRA system improves the quantitative relationship between ME supply and flows of metabolizable nutrients. Evidence is provided on how measured nutrient fluxes at portal level were used to evaluate the predicted flows of metabolizable nutrients. This review then revisits the NE values of diets for fattening cattle as defined by the INRA feeding system and not updated yet. Using an independent database and at similar ME intake, carcass composition was shown to be linearly related to the energy density of diets for fiber-rich diets but not for concentrate-rich diets, suggesting that the efficiency of energy utilization of ME into NE is not linearly related to differences in the composition of the gain. Accounting for the balance of metabolizable nutrients or their proxies in models used to predict carcass composition from ME intake can improve predictions. Overall partitioning aggregated energy fluxes into their subcomponent nutrient fluxes in a more physiological approach offers promising perspectives for the evolution of NE feeding systems.
Benchmarking calving management practices on western Canada cow–calf operations1
Authors: Pearson Jennifer M , Pajor Edmond A , Caulkett Nigel A , Levy Michel , Campbell John R , Windeyer M Claire 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:
Benchmarking current calving management practices and herd demographics in the western Canadian cow–calf production system helps to fill the gap in knowledge and understanding of how this production system works. Further investigation into the relationships between management decisions and calf health may guide the development of management practices and protocols to improve calf health, especially in compromised calves after a difficult birth. Therefore, the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe current calving management practices on western Canadian cow–calf ranches and to investigate the association of herd demographics with herd-level incidence of calving assistance, morbidity, mortality, and use of calving and colostrum management practices. Cow–calf producers were surveyed in January 2017 regarding herd inventory and management practices during the 2016 calving season. Ninety-seven of 110 producers enrolled in the western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network responded. Average herd-level incidence of assisted calvings was 4.9% (13.5% heifers, 3.2% cows), stillbirths was 2.1% (3.3% heifers, 1.9% cows), preweaning mortality was 4.5%, and preweaning treatment for disease was 9.4% (3.0% neonatal calf diarrhea, 3.8% bovine respiratory disease, 2.6% other diseases). Greater than 90% of producers assisted calvings and would intervene with colostrum consumption if the calf did not appear to have nursed from its dam. Late calving herds (i.e., started calving in March or later) had significantly lower average herd-level incidence of assistance, treatment for disease, and mortality (P &lt; 0.05). In earlier calving herds (i.e., started calving in January or February) producers had shorter intervals between checking on dams for signs of calving or intervening to assist with a calving (P &lt; 0.05). In early calving herds, producers were more likely to perform hands-on colostrum management techniques such as placing the cow and calf together or feeding stored, frozen colostrum (P &lt; 0.05). There were no associations between herd size and herd-level incidences or management techniques (P &gt; 0.05). This study suggests that in western Canada earlier calving herds are more intensively managed, whereas later calving herds are more extensively managed. Herd demographics may be important to consider when investigating factors associated with management strategies, health, and productivity in cow–calf herds.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Return to Work Rate Following Heart Transplantation and the Contributing Role of Illness Perceptions
Authors: Thomson David , Maddison Anna , Sharp John 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Social rehabilitation, including return to work (RTW), is a key indicator of transplant success. However, little is known regarding the RTW rate following heart transplantation or the factors influencing this. The objective of this study was to examine RTW among heart transplant recipients and identify associated predictors.

Methods:
Attendees of the post–heart transplant clinic based at the Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Scotland, were invited to respond to a mailed survey comprising a demographic form, an employment history questionnaire, and a modified Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Frequency distributions, χ2 test, and stepwise regression were used to examine employment history and associated factors.

Results:
Sixty percent of transplant recipients reported working 12 mo prior to transplant compared with 50% of recipients at 1-y post-transplant. Forty-four percent of all working-age recipients were currently employed, a relatively median rate compared with those found in previous studies. Univariate analysis revealed “receipt of benefits,” “time off work pre–heart transplant,” “employment 12 mo pre–heart transplant,” “employment at listing,” “perceived work ability,” “discharge age,” “illness consequences,” “illness concern,” and “emotional representation” as predictors of RTW. Logistic regression modeling revealed “time off work pre–heart transplant” and “perceived work ability” to have the most significant influence on RTW, explaining 62% of the variance in outcome.

Conclusions:
Psychological and demographic variables influence RTW after heart transplant. Knowledge and understanding of these variables facilitate the design of interventions and services to help promote RTW and social rehabilitation. Study limitations are discussed, and suggestions for similar research and the outpatient clinic are provided.
Notch signaling is required for survival of the germline stem cell lineage in testes ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ng Chun L. , Yue Qian , Cordula Schulz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn all metazoan species, sperm is produced from germline stem cells. These self-renew and produce daughter cells that amplify and differentiate dependent on interactions with somatic support cells. In the male gonad ofDrosophila melanogaster, the germline and somatic cyst cells co-differentiate as cysts, an arrangement in which the germline is completely enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions from the cyst cells. Notch is a developmentally relevant receptor in a pathway requiring immediate proximity with the signal sending cell. Here, we show that Notch is expressed in the cyst cells ofwild-typetestes. Notch becomes activated in the transition zone, an apical area of the testes in which the cyst cells express stage-specific transcription factors and the enclosed germline finalizes transit-amplifying divisions. Reducing the ligand Delta from the germline cells via RNA-Interference or reducing the receptor Notch from the cyst cells via CRISPR resulted in cell death concomitant with loss of germline cells from the transition zone. This shows that Notch signaling is essential for the survival of the germline stem cell lineage.
Adaptation of the penalty function method to genetic algorithm in electromagnetic devices designing
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the effective method of adaptation of the external penalty function to the genetic algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
In the case of solving the optimization tasks with constraints using the external penalty function, the penalty term has a larger value than the primary objective function. The sigmoidal transformation is introduced to solve this problem. A new method of determining the value of the penalty coefficient in subsequent iterations associated with the changing penalty has been proposed. The proposed approach has been applied to the optimization of an electromagnetic linear actuator, and the mathematical model of the devices contains equations of the magnetic field, by taking into account the nonlinearity of ferromagnetic material.

Findings
The proposed new approach of the penalty function method consists in the reduction of the external penalty function in successive penalty iterations instead of its increase as it is in the classical method. In addition, the method of normalization of constraints during the formulation of optimization problem has a significant impact on the obtained results of optimization calculations.

Originality/value
The proposed approach can be applied to solve constrained optimization tasks in designing of electromagnetic devices.
Interpreting and semantically describing Chinese traditional brocade: Xilankapu
Authors: Cheng Xiufeng , Yang Jinqing , Jiang Ling , Hu Anlei 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an interpreting schema and semantic description framework for a collection of images of Xilankapu, a traditional Chinese form of embroidered fabric and brocade artwork.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors interpret the artwork of Xilankapu through Gillian Rose’s “four site” theory by presenting how the brocades were made, how the patterns of Xilankapu are classified and the geometrical abstraction of visual images. To further describe the images of this type of brocade, this paper presents semantic descriptions that include objective–non-objective relations and a multi-layered semantic framework. Furthermore, the authors developed corresponding methods for scanning, storage and indexing images for retrieval.

Findings
As exploratory research on describing, preserving and indexing images of Xilankapu in the context of the preservation of cultural heritage, the authors collected 1,000+ images of traditional Xilankapu, classifying and storing some of the images in a database. They developed an index schema that combines concept- and content-based approaches according to the proposed semantic description framework. They found that the framework can describe, store and preserve semantic and non-semantic information of the same image. They relate the findings of this paper to future research directions for the digital preservation of traditional cultural heritages.

Research limitations/implications
The framework has been designed especially for brocade, and it needs to be extended to other types of cultural image.

Originality/value
The semantic description framework can describe connotative semantic information on Xilankapu. It can also assist the later information retrieval work in organizing implicit information about culturally related visual materials.