bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of European Grayling Reveals Aspects of a Unique Genome Evolution Process Within Salmonids
Authors: Sävilammi Tiina , Primmer Craig R , Varadharajan Srinidhi , Guyomard René , Guiguen Yann , Sandve Simen R , Vøllestad L Asbjørn , Papakostas Spiros , Lien Sigbjørn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSalmonids represent an intriguing taxonomical group for investigating genome evolution in vertebrates due to their relatively recent last common whole genome duplication event, which occurred between 80 and 100 million years ago. Here, we report on the chromosome-level genome assembly of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), which represents one of the earliest diverged salmonid subfamilies. To achieve this, we first generated relatively long genomic scaffolds by using a previously published draft genome assembly along with long-read sequencing data and a linkage map. We then merged those scaffolds by applying synteny evidence from the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome. Comparisons of the European grayling genome assembly to the genomes of Atlantic salmon and Northern pike (Esox lucius), the latter used as a nonduplicated outgroup, detailed aspects of the characteristic chromosome evolution process that has taken place in European grayling. While Atlantic salmon and other salmonid genomes are portrayed by the typical occurrence of numerous chromosomal fusions, European grayling chromosomes were confirmed to be fusion-free and were characterized by a relatively large proportion of paracentric and pericentric inversions. We further reported on transposable elements specific to either the European grayling or Atlantic salmon genome, on the male-specific sdY gene in the European grayling chromosome 11A, and on regions under residual tetrasomy in the homeologous European grayling chromosome pairs 9A-9B and 25A-25B. The same chromosome pairs have been observed under residual tetrasomy in Atlantic salmon and in other salmonids, suggesting that this feature has been conserved since the subfamily split.
Efficacy of Naldemedine for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Esmadi Mohammad , Ahmad Dina , Hewlett Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aim: Opioid induced constipation (OIC) is the most common side effect of opioid therapy. It can lead to a decreased quality of life. Naldemedine is a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist that has been recently studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the management of OIC. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis of existing clinical trials to estimate the efficacy and safety of naldemedine in opioid-induced constipation.Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov registry was performed in March 2018. Two independent reviewers systematically identified prospective RCTs published in the English language that compared the effect of oral naldemedine versus placebo in adults with OIC. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to assess the primary outcome: spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) responder rates. Assessed secondary outcomes were: a change in SBM frequency per week from baseline during the treatment period, change from baseline in the frequency of complete SBM and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. Review Manager 5.3 software program was utilized for statistical analysis.Results: Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2,762 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The proportion of SBM responders was significantly higher in the naldemedine group compared to the placebo group (56.4%, vs. 34.7%, p<0.00001). There was no statistically significant difference in treatment-emergent adverse events between naldemedine group and placebo group (mean odds ratio=1.18, p = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.89-1.55). Change in SBM frequency was higher in the naldemedine group versus placebo group (p<0.00001), as well as the change in complete SBM frequency.Conclusions: Naldemedine 0.2 mg daily significantly improved symptoms in patients with opioid-induced constipation and was generally well tolerated. These results support the use of naldemedine for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.
Capsule Endoscopy in the Management of Refractory Coeliac Disease
Authors: Zammit Stefania Chetcuti , Sanders David S , Cross Simon S 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aims: There is no literature on the role of repeat small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in patients with refractory coeliac disease (RCD) following treatment with steroids +/- immunosuppressants.Methods: The findings on SBCEs from a group of patients with histologically proven RCD (n=23) were compared to the findings from patients with uncomplicated coeliac disease (n=48). All patients had concurrent duodenal histology and serology taken at the time of SBCE.Results: Patients with RCD had a greater extent of mucosal involvement on SBCE than patients with uncomplicated CD (42.4±34.1% vs 9.7±21.7%, p=0.0001). Following treatment with steroids and / or immunosuppressants, patients with RCD had an improvement in the extent of affected small bowel mucosa (42.4±34.1% vs 26.4±28.9% p=0.012). There was no statistical difference in histology and serology taken at the time of the first and second SBCE in patients with RCD.Conclusions: Our study suggests that SBCE is valuable in documenting the extent of mucosal involvement in patients with RCD. This is the first study that delineates the value of a second look SBCE to assess improvement in the extent of disease in the small bowel following treatment.
Effects of Implementation of a National Fast Track Clinical Pathway for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Western Denmark
Authors: Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Simonsen Kira , Ott Peter , Vilstrup Hendrik , Henning Henning 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aims: In 2009, the Danish Government instituted “Fast Track Clinical Pathways” (FTCP) to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined how the implementation of FTCP affected the time from referral to diagnosis and treatment as well as the patient survival.Methods: 309 consecutive patients with suspected HCC were included, 79 referred during the period 2007- 2008 (before FTCP) and 230 during 2009-2011. Of those, 271 (88%) were diagnosed with HCC and 161 (60%) had cirrhosis, in most cases caused by alcohol.Results: The time from referral to the first visit was reduced from a mean 16.4 (11.5) to 5.4 (6) days (p<0.001) and the time from the first visit to the Multidisciplinary Tumour Conference (MDT) treatment decision from 34.9 (27.9) to 16.1 (14.4) days (p<0.001). The total time from referral to treatment was reduced from 53.2 (37.9) to 35.9 (23.1) days (p<0.001). There was a weak trend of improved survival after FTCP: 231 (147-368)vs. 293 (227-396) days (p=0.11).Conclusions: The implementation of FTCP reduced the total time from referral to treatment by three weeks; however, without significant effects on overall mortality. While shortened waiting time is a comfort for the patient, it remains to be elucidated whether it will change the prognosis.
Predictive Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence or Recurrence after Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Yoshimasu Yu , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Kasai Yoshitaka , Takeuchi Hirohito , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Nakamura Ikuo , Itoi Takao 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aims: Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversially reported in the literature. The primary endpoints of this study were to clarify the cumulative incidence and recurrence rate of HCC after DAA treatment. The secondary endpoints were to identify the factors associated with the occurrence or recurrence of HCC after DAAs treatment.Methods: Of 234 HCV patients, 211 with no history of HCC (no-HCC-history group) and 23 with previous treated HCC history (HCC-history group) were treated with DAAs and followed for more than 24 weeks to determine the incidence of HCC. Platelet count, albumin, α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, L3%, the FIB-4 index and APRI scores were analyzed as possible factors associated with HCC occurrence and recurrence. An intergroup comparison was made of the cumulative incidence of HCC. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine associations between blood test values and risk of HCC.Results: The median observation period was 21 months. Cumulative incidence of HCC was higher in the HCChistory group than in the no-HCC-history group (p < 0.0001, 19.0 and 0.52 per 100 patient-years, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed platelet count, albumin, α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, AFP-L3%, and FIB-4 index and APRI scores at the end of DAA treatment as being significantly associated with occurrence/recurrence of HCC. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP levels before and after the administration of DAAs and AFP-L3% after DAA were independently associated with the occurrence/recurrence of HCC (p = 0.045, 0.043, 0.005, respectively).Conclusion: The HCC occurrence rate after DAA treatment was very low, and the recurrence rate lower than that in previous interferon reports. The AFP level and AFP-L3% were identified as important factors in predicting occurrence/recurrence of HCC. Careful observation is needed when increased levels of AFP or AFP-L3% after DAAs treatment are observed.
Increased Prevalence of Autonomic Dysfunction due to Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Patients with Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Huang Kevin Z , Dellon Evan S 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aims: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) have been linked with atopic conditions, connective tissue disorders, and autoimmunity, but the association between EGIDs and autonomic dysfunction has not been extensively described. We aimed to assess this association and determine the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in our EGID population.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed adult patients in the University of North Carolina Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)/EGID database who also had a diagnosis of comorbid autonomic dysfunction (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome [POTS] or gastroparesis). The electronic medical record was abstracted and disease characteristics summarized.Results: We identified seven patients who had EGID and autonomic dysfunction. All had POTS and were Caucasian, and five (71%) were female; 2 also had gastroparesis. Onset of autonomic symptoms coincided with onset of EGID symptoms in 3 patients (43%) or with an acute EGID flare in 3. In no cases did successful control of EGID lead to improvement of autonomic symptoms. Two subjects (29%) had comorbid Ehlers- Danlos syndrome and mast cell activation syndrome. The prevalence of POTS in EGID patients was 7/560 (1.25%), compared to an estimated 0.17% prevalence of POTS in the general population.Conclusions: The prevalence of autonomic dysfunction was 5-10-fold higher in EGID than expected in the general population, suggesting an association between the two conditions, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. Providers should consider comorbid autonomic dysfunction in patients with EGID, particularly when symptoms persist despite treatment.
Retinal Ven Dal Oklüzyonu Olan Hastalarda Risk Faktörleri
Authors: ERDOGAN Hakika 
Published: March 2019

Amaç:Retinal ven oklüzyonu önlenebilir körlük nedenleri arasında yeralmaktadır. En önemli risk faktörleri yaş ve hipertansiyondur. Çalışmamızın amacı geniş bir kırsal kesimde ven oklüzyonu prevelansını saptama ve risk faktörlerini belirlemekti.Gereç ve Yöntem: Eskişehir kırsal bölgesinde sağlık ocaklarına başvuran ve non-midriyatik fundus kamara ile retinal fundus fotoğrafları çekilebilen hastaların fotoğrafları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Ven dal oklüzyonu (VDO) saptanan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, sistolik kan basıncı (SKB), diyastolik kan basıncı (DKB), diyabetes mellitus (DM) / hipertansiyon (HT) hikayesi, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, kullanılan ilaçların ve vücut kitle indeksinin (VKİ) yazılı olduğu anket formları değerlendirildi. Sonuçların istatistiksel analizi SPSS 15.0 ve SigmaStat 3.5 paket programları kullanılarak yapıldı. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunlukları Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile değerlendirildi. Kategorik değişkenlerin (cinsiyet, sigara/alkol kullanımı, DM/HT varlığı) değerlendirilmesinde Ki-Kare testi, sürekli değişkenlerin (yaş, vücut kitle indeksi ve kan basıncı değerleri) değerlendirilmesinde Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. p&lt;0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.Bulgular:Cinsiyet, yaş, HT varlığı, SKB, DKB değerleri iki grup arasında farklı iken; alkol ve sigara kullanımı, DM ve VKİ açısından iki grup arasında fark gözlenmemiştir.Sonuç:Yaş ve HT VDO için en önemli risk faktörleridir. HT müdahale edilebilen bir değişken olduğundan, HT kontrolü hasta sağ kalımı açısından önemlidir.
Hipoüriseminin Muhtemel Nedeni; Ksantinüri
Authors: HÜZMELİ Can , ÖZTÜRK Kazım , GÜLLÜ Murat , CANIM Yılmaz , UÇAR Edip , CANDAN Ferhan 
Published: March 2019

Kalıtımsal hipoürisemiye genellikle ksantinüri ve herediter renal hipoürisemi yol açmaktadır. Hipoürisemi serum ürik asit seviyesinin 2mg/dl’den düşük olması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ksantinüri her yaşta, nadir görülen ve otozomal resesif geçen bir hatalıktır. Ksantin ve hipoksantin, enzim veya kofaktör eksikliği sonucu ürik asite dönüşümü olmaz ve kanda birikir, ayrıca idrar ile atılımı artar. Serum ve idrarda ürik asit seviyesi çok düşük saptanmaktadır. Biz bu makalede,hipoürisemi saptanan ve ksantinüri tanısı konulan yetmiş yediyaşında kadınhasta litaratüreşliğinde tartışıldı.
SARC‐F Questionnaire: Rapid and Easy Tool for Identifying Physical Limitations in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Matsuzawa Ryota , Harada Manae , Watanabe Takaaki , Shimoda Takahiro , Suzuki Yuta , Kamiya Kentaro , Osada Shiwori , Yoshida Atsushi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSARC‐F is a simple questionnaire for rapidly assessing physical function and screening for sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the SARC‐F questionnaire is useful for identifying impaired physical function and the risk of physical limitations in hemodialysis patients.Methods and resultsThis cross‐sectional study included 281 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two dialysis units. SARC‐F, handgrip strength, leg strength, one‐leg standing time, usual gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score were measured. Patients were classified according to the SARC‐F score (SARC‐F <4 and SARC‐F ≥4), indicating the risk of sarcopenia. Furthermore, we defined physical limitations as handgrip strength of <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, leg strength of <40%, usual gait speed of ≤0.8 m/s, and SPPB score of ≤8 points. To calculate the areas under the curves (AUCs) of the SARC‐F score for physical limitations, receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis was performed. SARC‐F ≥4 was observed in 75 (26.7 %) hemodialysis patients. The SARC‐F ≥4 group had a significantly lower handgrip and leg strength, shorter one‐leg standing time, slower usual gait speed, and lower SPPB score than the SARC‐F <4 group, even after adjusting for potential confounders (all P <0.001). Further, SARC‐F demonstrated good accuracy in identifying the risk of physical limitations (all AUCs > 0.75).ConclusionsThe SARC‐F questionnaire is useful for screening impaired physical function and for identifying the risk of physical limitations in hemodialysis patients and can be easily and rapidly administered to this patient group in clinical practice.
Herramientas para evaluar la gestión de residuos hospitalarios
Authors: Betancur Diego Fernando , La Rotta Nelly Rocío , Toro Santiago , Valderrama Charry Luz Dary 
Published: March 2019

Los residuos hospitalarios tienen un impacto directo sobre la salud pública y el medio ambiente puesto que son portadores de enfermedades e infecciones. El pensamiento ecológico y los nuevos parámetros de la ciencia verde obligan a implementar medidas que reduzcan el riesgo de infección y el impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. Expertos aseguran que los productos y las tecnologías utilizados en el sistema de salud han contribuido al deterioro del medio ambiente por la producción de grandes cantidades de sustancias peligrosas.

A pesar de que existen varios modelos y normativas para la correcta gestión de residuos hospitalarios, se hace necesario generar herramientas para la evaluación de las prácticas en torno al tratamiento de los residuos clínicos desde el momento de su generación hasta los residuos de acuerdo a los lineamientos establecidos.
Riesgos en salud laboral asociados al uso de un bioinsecticida con esporas de Beauveria bassiana y Trichoderma lignorum
Authors: Cuervo Mulet Raúl Alberto , López Villalobos Iván Darío , Trujillo Perdomo James Frank , Fernández Daza Fabián Felipe , Vélez-Correa Sandra Lorena 
Published: March 2019

El uso de bioinsecticidas para el control de plagas que atacan cultivos con efectos negativos al medio ambiente, es un tema que viene trabajándose a nivel mundial como una alternativa para evitar la contaminación los efectos sobre la salud de los trabajadores del sector agrícola. En este sentido y para controlar la hormiga arriera, se ha creado un bioinsecticida a base de esporas filamentosas de dos hongos entomopatógenos como el Beauveria bassiana y el Trichoderma lignorum. En la presente revisión sistemática de literatura se pretende identificar los efectos en la salud que pueden presentar los componentes de la formulación del bioinsecticida, entre ellos, las esporas filamentosas componente principal, los posibles efectos al medio ambiente y los beneficios socioeconómicos por su uso, hallándose datos de enfermedades como abscesos, queratitis y alergias respiratorias de las personas inmunocomprometidas. En investigaciones realizadas se identificó que las esporas filamentosas pueden ingresar al cuerpo humano por vía aérea o mucosa dado su tamaño aproximado de 0,28 µm pueden llegar hasta los alveolos pulmonares. Ambientalmente los efectos ecológicos son positivos además por las ventajas económicas por eso de este tipo de productos agroecológicos.
Marco analítico para la gobernanza territorial: la política pública de infancia y adolescencia en Colombia
Authors: Orduz Omaira , Pineda Javier A. 
Published: March 2019

This article, based on a review of the concept of governance, examines the public policy of childhood and adolescence at local level in Colombia. The empirical examination of governance is carried out based on the analytical categories of management and leadership, the interaction of actors, decision spaces and multilevel structure, the design and institutional structure, the technical capacity of the levels of government and accountability. These categories show the multiple aspects that affect the configuration of local governance of this policy and understand why the guarantee of the prevailing rights of children in the territories is achieved or limited, based on two case studies.
Condiciones de empleo de un grupo de trabajadores con discapacidad en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Satizabal-Reyes Melania 
Published: March 2019

People with disabilities have experienced situations of social exclusion and discrimination. However, some have managed to join the labor market. This paper aims to explore the employment conditions of a group of workers with disabilities. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 160 workers with disabilities in Cali. An index of employment conditions was designed. The study found that one in two workers has good employment conditions. The type of disability impacts employability. The stark diversity of the sample reveals that physically disabled workers have better employment conditions, while mentally disabled workers have worse conditions. Labor dependence influences employment conditions. Salaried workers have better employment conditions than freelance workers.
Preservice Teachers’ Discursive Constructions of Cultural Practices in a Multicultural Telecollaboration
Authors: Uzum Baburhan , Yazan Bedrettin , Avineri Netta , Akayoglu Sedat 
Published: March 2019

The study reports on a telecollaboration exchange between two teacher education classes in the United States and Turkey. In synchronous and asynchronous conversations, preservice teachers (PTs) engaged in social justice issues and made discourse choices that captured culture(s) and communities as diverse or essentialized. These choices were affected by PTs’ positionings and impacted how PTs connected to individuals only and/or to broader society. PTs asked questions that created space for critical discussions and facilitated awareness of diversity, yet sometimes led to overgeneralizations. The study has implications for designing telecollaborations that promote language and practices to unpack the issues of social justice.
The use of Napier Bones props to enhance learning achievement on Grade 5 Math multiplication
Authors: Yuriana Tri , Suwardi Suwardi 
Published: March 2019

The research aims to find out the improvement of students achievement in the subject of Mathematics on the aspect of multiplication by using the teaching aid of Napier Bones. This research is conducted on the frame of class action research upon two cycles. The context of the research is at Islamic Elementary School (MI) Ma’arif Dukuh, Salatiga. The population covers 21 of fourth grade students. The method of data population includes documentation, observation, and test. Meanwhile, the data analysis uses percentage formula. This research find out that the teaching aid of Napier Bones improve students achievement on the subject of Mathematics upon the research subjects. The significant of the result can be overviewed from the 85.71% of students that have achieved the standard of minimum completeness. It means that the teaching aid of Napier Bones is significantly proven to improve learning achievement on the aspect of multiplication.
Extracción de nutrientes, crecimiento y producción del cultivo de Pepino bajo sistema de cultivo protegido hidropónico
Authors: Ramírez-Vargas Carlos 
Published: March 2019

Se sembraron tres genotipos comerciales de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.), Modan RZ, Tropicuke y Monalisa, en ambiente protegido con sistema hidropónico abierto en San Carlos, Costa Rica. Las plantas se trasplantaron en contenedores plásticos con sustrato de fibra de coco provisto de un sistema de fertirriego y tutorado, se realizaron mediciones de crecimiento, producción, y absorción de nutrientes. Los niveles de absorción de nutrientes, crecimiento y producción fueron diferentes entre genotipos. El orden de absorción de macronutrientes en todos los cultivares fue K>N>Ca>Mg>P, y de micronutrientes fue Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu.
Los rangos de crecimiento de los genotipos fueron de 270.03 a 287.92 y 221.72 a 278.28 cm de altura máxima, 61.86 a 82.83 y 18.27 a 20.75 hojas por planta, 432.98 a 562.83 y 148.88 a 202.47 cm2 en área foliar, 6.41 a 8.34 y 2.21 a 4.16 de índice de área foliar, 294.86 a 349.70 y 174.94 a 206.50 g de peso fresco vegetativo (parte aérea + raíz), 342.60 a 361.97 y 203.67 a 274.40 g de peso fresco de fruto, 21.38 a 27.76 y 13.55 a 15.38 g de peso seco vegetativo, 5.53 a 11.06 y 4.43 a 7.92 g de peso seco de fruto respectivamente. El rendimiento en el cv Modán RZ fue superior con un total de 2895.31 g/planta, y el menor fue de 2001 g/planta.