bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should surgical treatment of catamenial pneumothorax include diaphragmatic repair?
Authors: Pathak Suraj , Caruana Edward , Chowdhry Fiyaz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether treatment with hormones or pleural symphysis is better than operative procedures such as diaphragmatic repair with mesh to surgically manage recurrent pneumothoraces in patients with catamenial pneumothorax. Diaphragmatic repair with synthetic meshes, hormonal treatment and pleural symphysis are all accepted interventions for the treatment of recurrent catamenial pneumothoraces; however, there is uncertainty over the best combination of treatment. Altogether, 396 papers were found using the reported search, of which 13 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. However, it should be noted that the studies included were small in terms of sample size, and have demonstrated significant bias and surgical heterogeneity. Our literature review found that the recurrence rates of pneumothorax were greatly reduced in the treatment group where surgery and hormone therapy were combined (pooled average recurrence rate of 0%); however, the recurrence rates were significantly higher when these interventions were used alone: hormone therapy alone (58.5%), diaphragmatic repair alone (33.3%) and surgery alone (63.3%). Our results therefore demonstrate that a multimodality approach is required to reduce pneumothorax recurrence rates in patients with catamenial pneumothorax.
The Development of Therapeutics for the Treatment and Prevention of CMV Disease in the Transplant Population: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Hodowanec Aimee C , Pikis Andreas , Singer Mary E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen in the transplant population. As such, the US Food and Drug Administration has published a guidance to encourage and inform the development of therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of CMV disease in this population. This review summarizes important phase 3 trial design considerations for industry and provides rationale for some of the recommendations included in the guidance.
Association Between Zika Virus Microcephaly in Newborns With the rs3775291 Variant in Toll-Like Receptor 3 and rs1799964 Variant at Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene
Authors: Santos Camilla N O , Ribeiro Danielle R , Cardoso Alves Juliana , Cazzaniga Rodrigo A , Magalhães Lucas S , de Souza Mércia S F , Fonseca Adriana B L , Bispo Ana J B , Porto Roseane L S , Santos Cliomar Alves dos , da Silva Ângela M , Teixeira Mauro M , de Almeida Roque P , de Jesus Amélia R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a cluster of malformation, and the mechanisms that lead it are still unclear. Using hypothesis-driven candidate genes and their function in viral infections, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a sample population from Sergipe State, Brazil. This study shows that rs3775291 SNP at Toll-like receptor 3, which triggers type I interferon antiviral responses in mothers infected by Zika virus during pregnancy, is associated with CZS occurrence (odds ratio [OR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.158–4.148). Moreover, rs1799964 SNP at tumor necrosis factor-α gene in CZS babies is associated with severe microcephaly (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.13–6.21).
Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using WGS revealed missed transmission events in Germany from 2012–15
Authors: Eigenbrod Tatjana , Reuter Sandra , Gross Andrea , Kocer Kaan , Günther Frank , Zimmermann Stefan , Heeg Klaus , Mutters Nico T , Nurjadi Dennis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Infection and colonization with multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causes therapeutic and economic problems in the nosocomial setting. Due to the sensitivity issue of screening schemes for A. baumannii, it is difficult to implement adequate transmission prevention measures. The high discriminatory power of WGS for transmission-chain analysis provides us with the necessary tool to study and identify transmission events. We retrospectively sequenced and analysed 39 A. baumannii isolates from 2012–15 to search for possible missed transmission events.

Methods
Molecular typing by WGS was performed for non-repetitive (n=39) carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Retrospective assessment of patient records was performed to investigate and confirm possible transmission events.

Results
Between July 2012 and September 2015, A. baumannii was isolated from 268 patients, of which 16% (42/268) were carbapenem resistant. Thirty-nine of these isolates were recoverable and sequenced. Fifteen percent (6/39) of these were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Most isolates belong to the circulating IC2 clonal type. SNP analysis revealed four potential outbreak clusters. Two of these clusters showed high concordance with the local spatio-temporal epidemiology, suggesting that transmission events were very likely.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that there were two independent transmission events, which would have been missed by conventional MLST owing to high clonality. The routine implementation of WGS can optimize surveillance and initiation of suitable containment measures. In addition, emerging resistance to salvage therapy is a major therapeutic problem and should be monitored closely.
Calouste Gulbenkian and his coin-collecting network
Authors: Watson George Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the numismatic collecting activities of the oil magnate and financier Calouste Gulbenkian (1869–1955), focusing in particular on his relationships with scholars who advised him, such as George Hill (1867–1948) and Stanley Robinson (1887–1976), as well as with dealers like Jacob Hirsch (1874–1955), from whom many of his purchases were sourced. The ways in which these relationships shaped his collections will be stressed, as will the similarities between Gulbenkian’s numismatic collection practices and his manner of collecting other art objects.
Diversity and Ecology of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), Potential Vectors of Leishmania in the Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam
Authors: Vu Nam Sinh , Tran Son Hai , Tran Phong Vu , Tran Tu Cong , Tran Duong Nhu , Dang Anh Duc , Nguyen Yen Thi , Vu Lieu Thi , Ngo Phuong Khanh , Nguyen Hoang Viet , Cassan Cécile , Nguyen Chau Van , Rahola Nil , Bañuls Anne-Laure 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study aims to make an update on the distribution and ecology of sand flies in the Quang Ninh province, Northern Vietnam, where Leishmania cases were reported in 2001. Seventeen sites were chosen in three districts of the province: Ha Long, Cam Pha, and Hoanh Bo. Phlebotomine sand flies were collected using 68 CDC light traps from May 30 to 3 June 2016. Captured specimens were transferred individually into Eppendorf tubes with 90% ethanol. The sand fly heads and genitalia were removed and were mounted in Euparal after successive different baths. Specimen identification was determined based on the morphology of the cibarium, pharynx, and/or male genitalia or female spermathecae. A total of 416 sand flies (125 females, 283 males) belonging to four genera were collected and 10 sand fly species were identified: Sergentomyia silvatica, Se. barraudi, Se. hivernus, Se. bailyi, Phlebotomus mascomai, Ph. stantoni, Ph. yunshengensis, Ph. betisi, Chinius junlianensis, Idiophlebotomus longiforceps. The Sergentomyia genus prevailed (79.7% of the collected sand flies), followed by the Phlebotomus genus (13.7%), the Chinius genus (6.1%), and the Idiophlebotomus genus (0.8%). Besides these well-defined taxa, five specimens, named sp1, showed unknown morphological characteristics, requiring further study. The majority of sand flies were collected in rock caves suggesting the cavernicolous character of the species in the Quang Ninh province. However, specimens were also collected in intra and peridomiciliary sites in which Ph. stantoni and Se. hivernus were found as the main species. It is worth noting that two Ph. stantoni were found in the house of a patient affected by Leishmania.
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: the effect of intracluster light on photometric redshifts for weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Gruen D , Zhang Y , Palmese A , Yanny B , Busti V , Hoyle B , Melchior P , Miller C J , Rozo E , Rykoff E S , Varga T N , Abdalla F B , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Cawthon R , Crocce M , Cunha C E , da Costa L N , Davis C , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Drlica-Wagner A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Jeltema T , Krause E , Kron R , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Vikram V , Walker A R ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study the effect of diffuse intracluster light on the critical surface mass density estimated from photometric redshifts of lensing source galaxies, and the resulting bias in a weak lensing measurement of galaxy cluster mass. Under conservative assumptions, we find the bias to be negligible for imaging surveys like the Dark Energy Survey with a recommended scale cut of ≥200 kpc distance from cluster centres. For significantly deeper lensing source galaxy catalogues from present and future surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope program, more conservative scale and source magnitude cuts or a correction of the effect may be necessary to achieve percent level lensing measurement accuracy, especially at the massive end of the cluster population.
A comparison of interferometric and single-dish methods to measure distances to pulsar scattering screens
Authors: Simard D , Pen U-L , Marthi V R , Brisken W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Investigations of small-scale structure in the interstellar medium through pulsar scintillation and the use of scattering screens as interferometers to resolve pulsar emission regions rely on reconstructions of the spatial distributions of scattered pulsar flux and the distances to scattering screens. In many cases, a single, highly anisotropic scattering screen is responsible for pulsar scintillation. This leads to a sparsity of information in the secondary spectrum which can be leveraged to measure the scattering geometry and map the distribution of scattered images of the pulsar using Very Long Baseline Interferometry. It is also possible to make these same measurements using only the autocorrelations from simultaneous observations at multiple stations. We compare the results from these two methods applied to PSR B0834+06, and find that the two main measurables, the effective distance and velocity, obtained from these two analyses agree to within ∼10 per cent. The relative ease of using autocorrelations from simultaneous single-dish measurements, where the data rates are much lower, only millisecond clock precision is required and the results are less sensitive to the calibration of the data, means that this method opens up a more observationally accessible route for mapping pulsar scattering screens. Since this method does not require the recording and storage of baseband data, it can be applied to ultrawide-band observations, which typically have unmanageable baseband data rates but are vital for testing theoretical models of pulsar scintillation.
No evidence for intermediate-mass black holes in the globular clusters ω Cen and NGC 6624
Authors: Baumgardt H , He C , Sweet S M , Drinkwater M , Sollima A , Hurley J , Usher C , Kamann S , Dalgleish H , Dreizler S , Husser T-O 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We compare the results of a large grid of N-body simulations with the surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles of the globular clusters ω Cen and NGC 6624. Our models include clusters with varying stellar-mass black hole retention fractions and varying masses of a central intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). We find that an $\sim 45\, 000$ M⊙ IMBH, whose presence has been suggested based on the measured velocity dispersion profile of ω Cen, predicts the existence of about 20 fast-moving, m &gt; 0.5 M⊙, main-sequence stars with a (1D) velocity v &gt; 60 km s−1 in the central 20 arcsec of ω Cen. However, no such star is present in the HST/ACS proper motion catalogue of Bellini et al. (2017), strongly ruling out the presence of a massive IMBH in the core of ω Cen. Instead, we find that all available data can be fitted by a model that contains 4.6 per cent of the mass of ω Cen in a centrally concentrated cluster of stellar-mass black holes. We show that this mass fraction in stellar-mass BHs is compatible with the predictions of stellar evolution models of massive stars. We also compare our grid of N-body simulations with NGC 6624, a cluster recently claimed to harbour a 20 000 M⊙ black hole based on timing observations of millisecond pulsars. However, we find that models with MIMBH &gt; 1000 M⊙ IMBHs are incompatible with the observed velocity dispersion and surface brightness profile of NGC 6624, ruling out the presence of a massive IMBH in this cluster. Models without an IMBH provide again an excellent fit to NGC 6624.
Optically thin outbursts of rotating neutron stars cannot be spherical
Authors: Wielgus Maciek 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigate 3D relativistic trajectories of test particles in the spacetime of a slowly rotating compact star, under the combined influence of gravity and a strong, near-Eddington radiation field. While in the static case a spherically symmetric shell of matter suspended above the stellar surface can be formed at the location of radial equilibrium of effective forces, the same is not true for a rotating star. In the latter case the symmetry is broken by the interplay between motion in the non-static spacetime and the influence of strong radiation drag forces, pushing particles towards the equatorial plane. As a result an expanding spherical shell of matter ejected from the neutron star surface collapses on a short time-scale into a single stable equatorial ring supported by radiation. These findings have implications for the geometry of optically thin outflows during luminous neutron star bursts.
Gas inflow and star formation near supermassive black holes: the role of nuclear activity
Authors: Frazer Christopher C , Heitsch Fabian 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Numerical models of gas inflow towards a supermassive black hole (SMBH) show that star formation may occur in such an environment through the growth of a gravitationally unstable gas disc. We consider the effect of nuclear activity on such a scenario. We present the first three-dimensional grid-based radiative hydrodynamic simulations of direct collisions between infalling gas streams and a 4 × 106 M⊙ SMBH, using ray-tracing to incorporate radiation consistent with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We assume inflow masses of ≈105 M⊙ and explore radiation fields of 10 per cent and 100 per cent of the Eddington luminosity (Ledd). We follow our models to the point of central gas disc formation preceding star formation and use the Toomre Q parameter (QT) to test for gravitational instability. We find that radiation pressure from UV photons inhibits inflow. Yet, for weak radiation fields, a central disc forms on time-scales similar to that of models without feedback. Average densities of &gt;108 cm−3 limit photoheating to the disc surface allowing for QT ≈ 1. For strong radiation fields, the disc forms more gradually resulting in lower surface densities and larger QT values. Mass accretion rates in our models are consistent with 1–60 per cent of the Eddington limit, thus we conclude that it is unlikely that radiative feedback from AGN activity would inhibit circumnuclear star formation arising from a massive inflow event.
Structural basis of σ appropriation
Authors: Shi Jing , Wen Aijia , Zhao Minxing , You Linlin , Zhang Yu , Feng Yu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 middle promoters are activated through a process called σ appropriation, which requires the concerted effort of two T4-encoded transcription factors: AsiA and MotA. Despite extensive biochemical and genetic analyses, puzzle remains, in part, because of a lack of precise structural information for σ appropriation complex. Here, we report a single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of an intact σ appropriation complex, comprising AsiA, MotA, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP), σ70 and a T4 middle promoter. As expected, AsiA binds to and remodels σ region 4 to prevent its contact with host promoters. Unexpectedly, AsiA undergoes a large conformational change, takes over the job of σ region 4 and provides an anchor point for the upstream double-stranded DNA. Because σ region 4 is conserved among bacteria, other transcription factors may use the same strategy to alter the landscape of transcription immediately. Together, the structure provides a foundation for understanding σ appropriation and transcription activation.
Do Local Tobacco-21 Laws Reduce Smoking Among 18 to 20 Year-Olds?
Authors: Friedman Abigail S , Wu Rachel J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
States and municipalities are increasingly restricting tobacco sales to those under age 21, in an effort to reduce youth and young adult smoking. However, the effectiveness of such policies remains unclear, particularly when implemented locally.

Methods
Analyses use 2011–2016 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s Selected Metropolitan/Micropolitan Area Risk Trends dataset. Difference-in-differences and triple-difference regressions estimate the relationship between local tobacco-21 policies and smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds living in MMSAs (metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan divisions).

Results
Current smoking rates fell from 16.5% in 2011 to 8.9% in 2016 among 18- 20-year-olds in these data. Regressions indicate that a tobacco-21 policy covering one’s entire MMSA yields an approximately 3.1 percentage point reduction in 18- to 20-year-olds’ likelihoods of smoking (confidence interval [CI] = –0.0548 to –0.0063). Accounting for partial policy exposure—tobacco-21 laws implemented in some but not all jurisdictions within an MMSA—this estimate implies that the average exposed 18- to 20-year-old experienced a 1.2 percentage point drop in their likelihood of being a smoker at interview relative to unexposed respondents of the same age, all else equal.

Conclusions
Local tobacco-21 policies yield a substantive reduction in smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds living in MMSAs. This finding provides empirical support for efforts to raise the tobacco purchasing age to 21 as a means to reduce young adult smoking. Moreover, it suggests that state laws preempting local tobacco-21 policies may impede public health.

Implications
Although states and municipalities are increasingly restricting tobacco sales to under 21-year-olds, such policies’ effectiveness remains unclear, particularly when implemented locally. Using quasi-experimental methods, this article provides what may be the first evidence that sub-state tobacco-21 laws reduce smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds. Specifically, considering metropolitan and micropolitan areas from 2011 to 2016, the average 18- to 20-year-old who was exposed to these policies exhibited a 1.2 percentage point drop in their likelihood of being a current established smoker, relative to those who were unexposed. These findings validate local tobacco-21 laws as a means to reduce young adult smoking.
Ethicization of constitutional public order in the European multicultural State
Authors: Cavaggion Giovanni 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The concept of ‘public order’, despite being common to almost every European legal system, is extremely difficult to grasp, as it suffers from a high degree of indeterminateness that makes it impossible to develop a universal definition. In constitutional law, public order traditionally serves as a limit to fundamental rights. The article argues that globalization and the advent of the multicultural State kickstarted a deep transformation in the meaning and scope of constitutional public order, with a growing tendency among European legislators and judiciaries to define it by resorting to extralegal concepts such as majoritarian ‘values’ and ‘ways of life’ to justify the ban of ‘unwanted’ minoritarian cultural practices (cases analysed include: face-veil; burqini; kirpan; swimming lessons). The article argues that constitutional public order should be re-anchored to a strictly legal dimension, preventing it from drifting towards the moral sphere (ethicization), which would enable a revival of assimilationist integration models.
Development of a Brief Patient-Administered Screening Tool for Prescription Opioid Dependence for Primary Care Settings
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Picco Louisa , Campbell Gabrielle , Lintzeris Nicholas , Larance Briony , Farrell Michael , Degenhardt Louisa , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To develop a short, patient-administered screening tool that will allow for earlier assessment of prescription opioid dependence (often referred to as addiction) in primary care settings.

Design and Setting
Cross-sectional analysis (N = 1,134) from the two-year time point of the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) cohort was used in the scale development.

Subjects
Participants who completed two-year interviews in the POINT study, a prospective cohort study that followed people with chronic noncancer pain over a five-year period, and who were prescribed strong opioids for a minimum of six weeks at baseline.

Methods
An advisory committee provided advice on wording and content for screening in primary care settings. Univariate logistic regression identified individual items that were significantly associated with meeting ICD-11 criteria for prescription opioid dependence. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) were conducted, and items were reduced to identify a small item set that were discriminative and shared a simple underlying structure.

Results
Sixty-four variables associated with ICD-11 criteria for prescription opioid dependence were initially identified. Four rounds of EFA were performed, resulting in five items remaining. CFA identified two possible four-item combinations, with the final combination chosen based on greater item endorsement and the results of goodness-of-fit indices.

Conclusions
Addressing prescription opioid dependence is an important part of the global public health challenge surrounding rising opioid-related harm. This study addresses an important initial requisite step to develop a brief screening tool. Further studies are required to validate the tool in clinical settings.