bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orographic distillation and spatio‐temporal variations of stable isotopes in precipitation in the North Atlantic
Authors: Antunes Paulo , Boutt David F. , Rodrigues Francisco C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the spatial and temporal variability of the stable isotopic composition of precipitation in the North Atlantic and its relationship to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and anthropogenic climate change. The islands of the Azores archipelago are uniquely positioned in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean to address this knowledge gap. A survey of spatial and temporal variability of the stable isotope composition of precipitation in Azores is discussed using newly presented analyses along with Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation data. The collected precipitation samples yield a new local meteoric water line (δ2H = 7.1 * δ18O + 8.46) for the Azores region and the North Atlantic Ocean. The annual isotopic mean of precipitation shows a small range for the unweighted and precipitation mass‐weighted δ18O‐H2O values. Results show an inverse relation between the monthly δ18O‐H2O and the amount of precipitation, which increases in elevation and into the interior of the island. Higher amounts of precipitation (from convective storm systems) do not correspond to the most depleted values of stable isotopes in precipitation. Precipitation shows an orographic effect with depleted δ18O‐H2O values related to the Rayleigh effect. Monthly δ18O‐H2O values for individual precipitation sampling stations show little relationship to air temperature. Results show a local source of moisture during the summer with the characteristics of the first vapour condensate. The stable isotope composition of precipitation is strongly correlated to the NAO index, and δ18O‐H2O values show a statistically significantly trend towards enrichment since 1962 coincident with the increased air temperature and relative humidity due to climate change. Results are in line with observations of increasing sea surface temperature and relative humidity.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 promotes cervical cancer development via AKT2/p53 pathway
Authors: Xu Junfen , Xu Shanshan , Fang Yifeng , Chen Tingting , Xie Xing , Lu Weiguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAberrant activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is widespread in human cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of CDK9 activation and the therapeutic potential of CDK9 inhibition in cervical cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we report that CDK9 is gradually upregulated during cervical lesion progression and regulated by HPV16 E6. CDK9 levels are highly correlated with FIGO stage, pathological grade, deep‐stromal invasion, tumor size, and lymph nodes metastasis. Knockdown of CDK9 by specific siRNA inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis in vivo. CDK9 inhibition causes a significant decreased AKT2 and increased p53 protein expression revealing novel CDK9‐regulatory mechanisms. Overexpression of AKT2 rescued the suppressive effects caused by CDK9 knockdown, suggesting that AKT2 induction is essential for CDK9‐induced transformation. Moreover, CDK9 expression was positively correlated with AKT2 and negatively correlated with p53 in cervical cancer tissues with HPV16 infection. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that CDK9 acts as a proto‐oncogene in cervical cancer, modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through AKT2/p53 pathway. Therefore, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of CDK9 in cervical cancer development. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):347–356, 2019
Berberine reversed the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by SW480 cells through regulating the important components in the TGF‐β pathway
Authors: Huang Chao , Tao Liang , Wang Xiu‐lian , Pang Zuoliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStroma‐tumor interactions within microenvironment play a crucial role in tumor development and growth. Cellular transdifferentiation in the stroma is a prerequisite for tumor formation. Targeting the interactions maybe a promising anticancer strategy. Berberine (BBR) has been confirmed to have anticancer and anti‐inflammatory effects. We found for the first time that colon cancer cells SW480 induced spindle‐like morphological changes and downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of vimentin and alpha‐smooth muscle actin in colon epithelial cells HCoEpiCs by using transwell coculture system and conditioned medium from SW480. The conditioned medium also promoted the migration of HCoEpiCs. This transition was inhibited by a transforming growth factor‐β receptor inhibitor LY364947. BBR (50 and 100 µg/ml) reversed the EMT‐like transition and repressed the migration in HCoEpiCs. Further results demonstrated that downregulation of TβRII, Smad2, p‐Smad3, and overexpression of Smad3 participated in the SW480‐induced phenotypic transition of HCoEpiCs. In addition, BBR upregulated the expressions of TβRII, Smad2, and p‐Smad3. In conclusion, our findings suggest that BBR exerts the anti‐EMT and antimigration effect by mediating the expression of TβRII, Smad2, and p‐Smad3.
Dendrimer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a promising platform for localized hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis
Authors: Esmaeili Elaheh , Khalili Mahsa , Sohi Alireza Naderi , Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Taheri Behnaz , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are a well‐explored class of nanomaterials known for their high magnetization and biocompatibility. They have been used in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensors, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. It is necessary to surface modify the nanoparticles with a biocompatible moiety to prevent their agglomeration and enable them to target to the defined area. Dendrimers have attracted considerable attention due to their small size, monodispersed, well‐defined globular shape, and a relative ease incorporation of targeting ligands. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a coprecipitation method. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) had been modified with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, and then polyamidoamine functionalized MNPs had been synthesized cycling. Various characterization techniques had been used to reveal the morphology, size, and structure of the nanoparticles such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. In addition, the cytotoxicity property of G3–dendrimer functionalized MNPs were evaluated using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay which confirmed the biocompatibility of the nanocomposites. Dendrimer functionalized MNPs are able to act as contrast agents for MRI and magnetic fluid hyperthermia mediators. A superior heat generation was achieved for the given concentration according to the hyperthermia results. MRI results show that the synthesized nanocomposites are a favorable option for MRI contrast agent. We believe that these dendrimer functionalized MNPs have the potential of integrating therapeutic and diagnostic functions in a single carrier.
The long noncoding RNA NORAD enhances the TGF‐β pathway to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting miR‐202‐5p
Authors: Yang Xuan , Cai Jia‐Bin , Peng Rui , Wei Chuan‐Yuan , Lu Jia‐Cheng , Gao Chao , Shen Zhao‐Zuo , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Huang Xiao‐Yong , Ke Ai‐Wu , Shi Guo‐Ming , Fan Jia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers with common features of invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence indicate that the long noncoding RNA NORAD is a potential oncogene and is significantly upregulated in several cancers. However, the general biological role and clinical value of NORAD in HCC remains unknown. Here, NORAD expression was measured in 29 paired tumor and paratumor tissues via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effects of NORAD on HCC cell malignant potential were investigated via NORAD overexpression and knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) was acquired and identified by bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assays. Moreover, the impact of NORAD level on the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) pathway was further determined by qPCR. We found that HCC tissues had a high level of NORAD compared with the paratumor tissues, and NORAD upregulation was associated with the shorter overall survival of patients with HCC. Furthermore, NORAD overexpression was demonstrated to promote HCC cell migration and invasion. Mechanically, NORAD might function as a ceRNA to regulate miR‐202‐5p, which served as a tumor‐suppressing microRNA via the TGF‐β pathway. We address that NORAD has a tumor‐promoting effect in HCC and describes a novel mechanism whereby NORAD regulates the TGF‐β pathway as a ceRNA of Homo sapiens (hsa)‐miR‐202‐5p.
New comprehensive procedure for custom‐made total ankle replacements: Medical imaging, joint modeling, prosthesis design, and 3D printing
Authors: Belvedere Claudio , Siegler Sorin , Fortunato Alessandro , Caravaggi Paolo , Liverani Erica , Durante Stefano , Ensini Andrea , Konow Tobias , Leardini Alberto 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMany failures in total joint replacement are associated to prosthesis‐to‐bone mismatch. With recent additive‐manufacturing, that is, 3D‐printing, custom‐made prosthesis can be created by laser‐melting metal powders layer‐by‐layer. Ankle replacement is particularly suitable for this progress because of the limited number of sizes and the poor bone stock. In this study a novel procedure is presented for subject‐specific ankle replacements, including medical‐imaging, joint modelling, prosthesis design, and 3D‐printing. Three shank‐foot specimens were CT‐scanned, and corresponding 3D bone models of the tibia, fibula, talus, and calcaneus were obtained. From these models, specimen‐specific implant sets were designed according to three different concepts, and 3D‐printed from cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum powder. Accuracy of the overall procedure was assessed via distance map comparisons between original anatomical and final metal implants. Restoration of natural ankle joint mechanics was check after implantation of each of the three sets. In a special rig, a manually‐driven dorsi/plantar‐flexion was applied throughout the passive arc. Additionally, at three different joint positions, joint torques were imposed in the frontal and axial anatomical planes. Mean manufacturing errors were found to be smaller than 0.08 mm. Consistent motion patterns were observed over repetitions, with the mean standard deviation smaller than 1.0 degree. In each ankle specimen, mobility, and stability at the replaced joints compared well with the original natural condition. For the first time, custom‐made implants for total ankle replacements were designed, manufactured with additive technology and tested. This procedure is a first fundamental step toward the development of completely personalized prostheses. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Recommendations for iliosacral screw placement in dysmorphic sacrum based on modified in‐out‐in corridors
Authors: Wendt Henry , Gottschling Heiko , Schröder Manuel , Marintschev Ivan , Hofmann Gunther O. , Burgkart Rainer , Gras Florian 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT(1) Can iliosacral osseous corridor diameters in sacral dysmorphism be enlarged by in‐out‐in screw placement at the posterior iliosacral recessus? (2) Are lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) the anatomical cause for sacral dysmorphism? (3) Are there sex‐specific differences in sacral dysmorphism? 594 multislice CT scans were screened for sacral dysmorphism and 55 data‐sets selected. Each pelvis was segmented manually and cylindrical iliosacral corridors (on the level of S1 and S2 vertebra) were semi‐automatically determined. Corridor trajectories, −diameters and −lengths were measured. LSTV (Castellvi‐type IIIb and IV) were found in 3 of 55 pelves and these lumbosacral variations are therefore not the anatomical basis for sacral dysmorphism. The prevalence of transsacral osseous corridors with diameters of <7.5 mm in axial CT images correlates with qualitative and quantitative criteria of sacral dysmorphism. Enlarging the osseous corridor diameters by penetration of the posterior iliosacral recessus increase the safe corridor diameters (females versus males) by 26% versus 15% at the level of S1‐ and 50% versus 48% at the level of S2‐vertebra. Sex‐specific differences for both corridors (osseous and in‐out‐in) were only found for the osseous corridor diameters at the level of S1 vertebra, being smaller in females (females versus males: 13.3 ± 3.6 mm versus 15.5 ± 3.8 mm, p = 0.04). Dysmorphic sacra can be reliably detected on standard axial CT slice images. Modified in‐out‐in corridors on the level of S1‐vertebra allow screw placement in all patients, but is still demanding compared to non‐dysmorphic sacra, due to the oblique corridor axis. Recommendations for intraoperative orientation for oblique screw placement are defined. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Deglaciation chronology of the Donegal Ice Centre, north‐west Ireland
Authors: Wilson Peter , Ballantyne Colin K. , Benetti Sara , Small David , Fabel Derek , Clark Chris D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDuring the Last Glacial Maximum, Donegal in north‐west Ireland functioned as an independent centre of ice dispersal that separated and fed into the Donegal Bay Ice Lobe (sourced in the Irish Midlands) to the south and the Hebrides/Malin Sea Ice Stream to the north. We report geochronological data that demonstrate marked contrasts in the timing and rate of deglaciation in northern and southern Donegal. In northern Donegal, which occupied an inter‐ice‐stream/lobe location, decoupling from the Hebrides/Malin Sea Ice Stream resulted in formation of a marine embayment along the north coast by ∼22–21 ka, and subsequent slow (∼4 ± 1 m a−1) climatically driven inland retreat of the ice margin to mountain source areas by ∼17 ka. By contrast, in southern Donegal, which lay near the axis of the Donegal Bay Ice Lobe, deglaciation was delayed until ∼18 ka following readvance of ice to a moraine in outer Donegal Bay. The ice margin subsequently underwent net retreat, apparently uninterrupted by readvances, at a net rate of ∼ 18 ± 6 m a−1. A mean terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide age of ∼15.0 ka obtained for samples from the foothills of the Blue Stack Mountains in south‐east Donegal indicates that ice persisted in valley heads and cirques at the beginning of the Lateglacial Interstadial, suggesting that these and nearby mountains supported the last remnants of the Irish Ice Sheet before complete deglaciation of Ireland, and that almost all the shrinkage of the ice sheet in this sector occurred under stadial conditions before the onset of interstadial warming at ∼14.7 ka.
Otopathology in Angiosarcoma of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Kozin Elliott D. , O'Malley Jennifer , Chebib Ivan , Hedley‐Whyte E. Tessa , Faquin William , Nadol Joseph , Quesnel Alicia M. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the otopathology of angiosarcoma of the temporal bone, which has not been previously described in the literature.Study DesignPostmortem evaluation and literature review.MethodsPostmortem histological evaluation of the temporal bones and review of the literature for the treatment and prognosis of this rare disease were performed.ResultsA 50‐year‐old male with right chronic otitis media presented with progressive hearing loss, disequilibrium, otalgia, and acute facial paresis. Biopsy of the external auditory canal was unrevealing, but specimens from a canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy later showed high‐grade angiosarcoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an unresectable middle ear and mastoid mass extending superiorly into the temporal lobe. The patient received induction chemotherapy followed by proton beam radiation therapy and concurrent paclitaxel and bevacizumab. His course was complicated by a cerebrospinal fluid leak and cauda equina syndrome from leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. The patient died after developing meningitis and a temporal lobe abscess. Postmortem otopathology revealed persistent angiosarcoma in the internal auditory canal, although none was found in the middle ear or mastoid. There was inflammatory infiltrate throughout the mastoid, with direct extension of neutrophils and bacteria into the cochlea and through the tegmen into the middle cranial fossa.ConclusionsAngiosarcoma of the temporal bone can arise in the setting of chronic otitis media. In this case, postmortem temporal bone sections demonstrated viable cancer despite chemoradiation. Inflammatory infiltrates crossing from the middle ear/mastoid into the labyrinth and central nervous system illustrate pathways for the development of otogenic meningitis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:737–742, 2019
Cardanol Benzoxazines: A Versatile Monomer with Advancing Applications
Authors: Monisha Monisha , Amarnath Nagarjuna , Mukherjee Sourav , Lochab Bimlesh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolybenzoxazines are evolving as a new class of phenolic resins with a tremendous amount of applications. The ease of structural designing, synthetic procedure, and polymerization reactions are attractive to affect their properties ensuing as an effective substitute for many existing polymers. The nonrenewable origin, toxicity, and increasing cost of petro‐based raw materials are alarming issues. Therefore, the emergence of sustainable benzoxazines, especially based on naturally abundant, agro‐waste origin cardanol is encouraging as it allows both solventless synthesis of monomers and processing to form highly thermally stable thermoset resins. The inherent functionalities in cardanol benzoxazine provide a platform for further structural modifications to advance their applications as adhesives, composites, and energy storage devices.
Dielectric and Resistive Heating of Polymeric Media: Toward Remote Thermal Activation of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Materials
Authors: Armstrong Daniel P. , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStimuli‐responsive soft materials are becoming increasingly important in a wide range of contemporary technologies, and methods by which to promote thermal stimulation remotely are of considerable interest for controllable device deployment, particularly in inaccessible environments such as outer space. Until now, remote thermal stimulation of responsive polymers has relied extensively on the use of nanocomposites wherein embedded nanoparticles/structures are selectively targeted for heating purposes. In this study, an alternative remote‐heating mechanism demonstrates that the dielectric and resistive thermal losses introduced upon application of an alternating current generate sufficient heat to raise the temperature of a neat polyimide by over 70 °C within ≈10 s. Thermal imaging is used here to measure current‐induced temperature changes of polymeric media, and a proposed analytical model yields predictions that compare reasonably well with experimental data, confirming that such remote heating is viable. Conditions permitting a shape‐memory polymer possessing a melting transition and susceptible to dielectric actuation to achieve continuous electrostrain‐temperature cycling are identified.
The microstructure and tribological behavior of a pre‐cold‐deformed 0.90 % nitrogen containing stainless steel
Authors: Zhao H. , Ren Y. , Dong J. , Yang K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe microstructure of a 0.90 % nitrogen containing stainless steel pre‐deformed by cold rolling was analyzed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction; Then the tribological behavior of nitrogen containing stainless steel was investigated using sliding wear method in air and in sodium chloride solutions and the worn surface was observed by a scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that nitrogen containing stainless steel possessed stable single‐phase austenite and the number of mechanical twins increased with increasing cold deformation. In dry wear tests, when the GCr15 bearing steel ball and 304 stainless steel ball acted as the counterpart, the wear resistance of nitrogen containing stainless steel decreased gradually and kept nearly the same, respectively, with increasing cold deformation. The corrosion wear resistance of nitrogen containing stainless steel was improved gradually by cold deformation in the 0.9 % sodium chloride solution and 3.5 % sodium chloride solution, while their friction coefficients were nearly equal.
Thermal fatigue behavior of HHD hot work tool steel with structures
Authors: Ma Y. , Wang H. , Chai X. , Zhuang J. , Li J. , Tong J. , Bhushan B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHHD hot work tool steel with a circular hole and a regular triangular hole were prepared to compare the thermal fatigue behavior. The results showed that the crack resistance of the sample with structure of the circular hole was superior to that of the regular triangular hole due to the release of tensile stress. The Rockwell hardness and microstructure around the structure and the plate have been measured before and after the thermal fatigue test. The results showed that the hardness decreased sharply during the thermal fatigue test and that the shape of the curves barely changed around the two structures and the plate. The observation of microstructures indicated that the crack nucleated at the grain boundary and the two structures were transgranular. The thermal fatigue behavior of high‐Cr hot work tool steel processed by circular hole structure process got a remarkable improvement compared to the regular triangular hole structure and plate.
Effects of sawtooth side edges with different radial clearance angles on the cutting force in wood sawing
Authors: Li W. , Zhang Z. , Luo B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on the influence of the sawtooth side edges on the cutting force and analyzes the functions of the side edges in wood sawing by separating the total cutting force into the force from the main edge and the side edges. Birch (Betula spp.) is used as the material for conducting the experiment. The influence of the sawtooth side edges with different radial clearance angles on the cutting force was studied by comparing closed cutting with open cutting for different cutting thicknesses, cutting speeds, and directions using a single sawtooth. The cutting force from the side edges accounts for 4.6 % to 16.9 % of the total cutting force when the sawing kerf is 1.6 mm. As the radial clearance angle increases or the cutting thickness decreases, the cutting force from the side edges and the proportion of the force from the side edges decrease. The cutting force from the side edges increases with an increase in the cutting speed but the cutting speed does not have a clear influence on the cutting force from the side edges. For the same radial clearance angle, the cutting force from the side edges is the largest for the (0°–90°), followed by the (90°–0°) and the (90°–90°).