bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluh plays a pivotal role during adipogenesis by regulating the activity of mitochondria
Authors: Cho Eugene , Jung Wonhee , Joo Hyun-Yoo , Park Eun-Ran , Kim Mi-Yeon , Kim Su-Bin , Kim Kwang Seok , Lim Young Bin , Lee Kee Ho , Shin Hyun Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCluh is a cytosolic protein that is known to specifically bind the mRNAs of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and play critical roles in mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we report the role of Cluh in adipogenesis. Our study shows that mRNA expression of Cluh is stimulated during adipogenesis, and that cAMP/Creb signalling increases its transcription. Cluh depletion impaired proper adipocyte differentiation, with reductions seen in lipid droplets and adipogenic marker gene expression. Interestingly, the inductions of the brown adipocyte-specific genes, Ucp1, Cidea and Cox7a1, are severely blocked by Cluh depletion during brown adipogenesis. Mitochondrial respiration and the stability of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins are reduced by Cluh depletion during brown adipogenesis. These results suggest that Cluh, which is induced during adipogenesis, promotes the post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial proteins and supports differentiation.
Amiskwia is a large Cambrian gnathiferan with complex gnathostomulid-like jaws
Authors: Caron Jean-Bernard , Cheung Brittany 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhylogenomic studies have greatly improved our understanding of the animal tree of life but the relationships of many clades remain ambiguous. Here we show that the rare soft-bodied animal Amiskwia from the Cambrian of Canada and China, which has variously been considered a chaetognath, a nemertine, allied to molluscs, or a problematica, is related to gnathiferans. New specimens from the Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada) preserve a complex pharyngeal jaw apparatus composed of a pair of elements with teeth most similar to gnathostomulids. Amiskwia demonstrates that primitive spiralians were large and unsegmented, had a coelom, and were probably active nekto-benthic scavengers or predators. Secondary simplification and miniaturisation events likely occurred in response to shifting ecologies and adaptations to specialised planktonic habitats.
Cell type phylogenetics informs the evolutionary origin of echinoderm larval skeletogenic cell identity
Authors: Erkenbrack Eric M. , Thompson Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe multiplicity of cell types comprising multicellular organisms begs the question as to how cell type identities evolve over time. Cell type phylogenetics informs this question by comparing gene expression of homologous cell types in distantly related taxa. We employ this approach to inform the identity of larval skeletogenic cells of echinoderms, a clade for which there are phylogenetically diverse datasets of spatial gene expression patterns. We determined ancestral spatial expression patterns of alx1, ets1, tbr, erg, and vegfr, key components of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network driving identity of the larval skeletogenic cell. Here we show ancestral state reconstructions of spatial gene expression of extant eleutherozoan echinoderms support homology and common ancestry of echinoderm larval skeletogenic cells. We propose larval skeletogenic cells arose in the stem lineage of eleutherozoans during a cell type duplication event that heterochronically activated adult skeletogenic cells in a topographically distinct tissue in early development.
La supervision indirecte idéale d’après l’expérience des internes en stage autonome en soins primaires ambulatoires supervisé
Authors: Lajzerowicz Céline , Vincent Yves-Marie , Jung Catherine 
Published: May 2019

Contexte et objectif : Pendant le stage autonome en soins primaires ambulatoires supervisé (SASPAS), l’interne réalise seul les consultations médicales. Son maître de stage lui apporte une rétroaction régulière lors de séances de supervision indirecte (SI). L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’expérience de la SI par les internes en SASPAS, afin de faire émerger les caractéristiques de la séance de supervision idéale de leur point de vue. Méthodes : Une étude qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés a été réalisée auprès des internes en SASPAS en Aquitaine. Une analyse thématique de contenu a été menée dans une approche analytique inductive. Résultats : Douze entretiens ont été réalisés entre janvier et mars 2017. Les internes ont décrit la séance de SI idéale comme un temps pédagogique centré sur l’interne et sa pratique, dans un climat de bienveillance et d’échange entre « pairs ». Elle se déroule dans un temps et un espace dédié. La rétroaction, guidée par le maître de stage expert, est une dynamique entre validation de l’action et critique sous forme de marge de progression. L’enjeu est le développement de la réflexivité, des compétences et du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Conclusion : La séance de SI idéale présente les caractéristiques d’une supervision formative, centrée sur l’interne en formation. La réflexion développée sur cet outil pédagogique peut favoriser son appropriation par le maître de stage et l’interne, et amener à une amélioration des pratiques de supervision.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural gallbladder drainage in malignant obstruction using a novel lumen-apposing stent: a case series (with video)
Authors: Chang Jonathan , Dong Elizabeth , Kwok Karl 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and aims Current endoscopic methods of biliary decompression in malignant pancreatic neoplasms are often limited by anatomical and technical challenges. In this case series, we report our experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of an electrocautery-enhanced, lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent (LAMS) via transmural gallbladder drainage.
Methods This is a retrospective case series of nine patients (five male, mean age 63.1 years) who underwent EUS-guided LAMS placement for malignant, obstructive jaundice in the pancreatic head. All nine cases were performed by an experienced interventional endoscopist at a single, tertiary medical center. We review the technical and clinical success rates as well as the incidence of procedural adverse events across the nine patients.
Results LAMS placement was technically successful in all cases and there were no procedural adverse events. Seven of nine (77.78 %) patients showed clinical and laboratory improvement immediately following the procedure. One case required re-intervention with interventional radiology guided biliary drain placement. The mean fluoroscopy time was 1.02 minutes.
Conclusions EUS-guided LAMS placement for transmural gallbladder drainage in malignant obstruction appears to be a safe and effective technique, allowing patients to proceed to surgery, chemotherapy, or hospice care.
Einfluss der Selektiven Retinatherapie (SRT) auf inflammatorische Zellmediatoren des subretinalen Raums
Authors: Richert Elisabeth , Bartsch Sofya , Hillenkamp Jost , Treumer Felix , Tode Jan , von der Burchard Claus , Brinkmann Ralf , Klettner Alexa Karina , Roider Johann 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel der Studie war es den Einfluss der Selektiven Retinatherapie (SRT) auf die Ausschüttung inflammatorischer Zellmediatoren, wie dem Komplementfaktor-3 (CC3), Tumor Growth Factor-beta2 (TGF-β2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) und Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in einem porcinen Organkulturmodell zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden Porcine Organkulturexplantate aus retinalem Pigmentepithel (RPE), Bruch-Membran und Choroidea wurden mit 2 gepulsten Lasersystemen (SRTYLF und SRTYAG) behandelt (Nd : YLF, λ = 527 nm, Pulsdauer 1,7 µs und Nd : YAG, Wellenlänge 532 nm, Pulsdauer 2,4 – 3 µs). Es wurden 30 Pulse bei einer Repetitionsrate von 100 Hz und einer Spotgröße von 200 × 200 µm appliziert. Es wurde mit einer Energiedichte von 140 mJ/cm² pro Puls (auf der RPE-Zelltodschwelle) und 180 mJ/cm² pro Puls (über der RPE-Zelltodschwelle) behandelt. Die Explantate wurden in modifizierten Ussing-Kammern kultiviert und die Zellvitalität mittels Calcein-AM-Färbung untersucht. Die Sekretion und Expression der Zellmediatoren wurde mittels ELISA bzw. im Western Blot analysiert.
Ergebnisse Vier Tage nach SRT wurde die Regeneration der RPE-Zellen im Bereich der Läsion beobachtet. Ein Tag nach SRT mit 140 mJ/cm² pro Puls zeigte sich eine Reduktion der basolateralen CC3-Sekretion. Nach der Behandlung mit 180 mJ/cm² pro Puls wurde nach 4 Tagen eine verminderte Sekretion von IFN-γ beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung Die SRT führt zu keiner Induktion der untersuchten proinflammatorischen Zytokine in vitro.
Endoscopic deployment of multiple (≥ 3) metal stents for unresectable malignant hilar biliary strictures
Authors: Koshitani Tatsuya , Nakagawa Shuji , Konaka Yoshitomo , Nakano Keimei , Fuki Shuichi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic deployment of multiple (≥ 3) self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) for high-grade unresectable malignant hilar biliary strictures (UMHBS) is technically challenging. Eleven consecutive patients with high-grade UMHBS (mean age: 76 years, male/female: 5/6, Bismuth-Corlette classification IIIa/IV: 7/4) underwent endoscopic deployment of multiple SEMS using a combination of side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent (SIS) methods. Technical and clinical success rates were 11/11. More than three SEMS were successfully deployed, and obstructive jaundice was fully improved in all cases. Stent occlusion was recognized in four of 11 patients (mean: 134 days, range: 28 – 232). Reinterventions for both liver lobes were feasible by passing the guide wire inside the previously placed stents in three of four patients. Median stent patency was 150 days during a mean follow-up period of 184 days (range: 37 – 558). Three patients developed self-limiting cholangitis without definite stent occlusion as late (> 30 days) adverse events. Employing the combination of SBS and SIS methods may facilitate endoscopic deployment of multiple SEMS to treat high-grade UMHBS.
Kardiovaskuläres Risiko und chronische Entzündung
Authors: Milatz Florian 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungAus postmortalen Untersuchungen ist bekannt, dass die Bildung atherosklerotischer Gefäßwandläsionen ihren Ursprung bereits im Kindesalter findet und in enger Beziehung zu bekannten kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren Erwachsener steht. Um mit Hilfe der Regenerationspotenziale im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine beschleunigte Entwicklung atherosklerotischer Gefäßveränderungen zu verhindern, bedarf es einerfrühzeitigen Diagnose und konsequenten Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren. Heranwachsende mit einer Autoimmunerkrankung, wie z. B. einer juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA), besitzen aufgrund chronischer Entzündungszustände, medikamentöser Therapien und metabolischer Veränderungen ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Zur Exposition nicht traditioneller Risiken gesellen sich traditionelle, verhaltensbasierte Risikofaktoren, deren Vermeidung im Rahmen chronischer Erkrankungen besondere Bedeutung beigemessen wird. Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Datenbestand bei JIA unterstreicht aus kardiovaskulärer Sicht die Notwendigkeit von Lebensstilmodifikationen, einschließlich insbesondere der Vermeidung eines bewegungsarmen, durch niedrigen energetischen Aufwand gekennzeichneten Alltags.
Operative Behandlung der Varikose nach der
CHIVA-Methode
Authors: Mendoza Erika 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 1988, kurz nach der Einführung der Duplex-Sonographie, entwickelte der
französische Gefäßchirurg und Angiologe Claude Franceschi ein venenerhaltendes
Verfahren zur Behandlung insuffizienter Stammvenen bei ambulanten Patienten –
ein Verfahren das er nach dem Akronym aus dem Französischen als „CHIVA“
bezeichnete.Es handelt sich um eine Strategie zum Erhalt der Drainagewege, insbesondere der
Stammvenen, im Bein. Sie erfordert eine Analyse der Rezirkulationkreise, die
Franceschi je nach Ursprung des Refluxes und seiner Drainagewege in Shunts
einteilte. Jeder Shunt bedarf einer eigenen Herangehensweise, um eine stabile
postoperative Situation zu erhalten und oberflächliche Venenthrombosen zu
vermeiden. Das Verfahren hat sich in Italien und Spanien durchgesetzt, im Moment
hält es seinen Einzug in China und in den osteuropäischen Ländern, primär dort,
wo der Duplex als Grundlage für die phlebologische Diagnostik zählt und eine
kostengünstige Herangehensweise vom Gesundheitswesen gefordert wird.Das Verfahren kann bei jeder Ausprägung der Varikose und jedem Stadium der
chronischen venösen Insuffizienz angewendet werden, wobei der Erhalt einer
postthrombotisch veränderten Stammvene nicht anstrebenswert erscheint. Eine
Metaanalyse (Cochrane-Review) bescheinigt CHIVA weniger Rezidive bei
gleichwertigem Erstergebnis und weniger Nebenwirkungen im Vergleich zum
Stripping, wobei weitere Studien mit höheren Patientenzahlen gefordert
werden.Die neuen Techniken, wie endoluminale (Hitze-) Verfahren und schallgesteuerte
Schaumverödung haben das Verfahren noch minimal-invasiver gemacht, sodass die
ohnehin geringe Komplikationsrate und die kurze Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeit noch
verkürzt werden kann.
Wirbelsäulen-OP nur bei 100 %iger Indikation
Authors: Mehrkens Arne 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff „Rückenschmerzen“ wird mit mehr als 65 Diagnosen in Verbindung gebracht. Entsprechend ist klar, dass es nicht „die“ Therapie für das Volksleiden Nummer 1 geben kann. Jeder Fall muss individuell evaluiert werden, um entsprechend einer fundierten Diagnose die richtige Therapie in die Wege zu leiten. Eine OP kommt bei Rückenschmerzpatienten nur relativ selten infrage.
Rheumatische Fehlstellungen an der HWS unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der C1/C2-Stabilität – Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapiestrategien
Authors: Kothe Ralph 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch den zunehmenden Einsatz von Biologika hat sich das klinische Erscheinungsbild der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) in der täglichen Praxis verändert. Patienten mit einer isolierten atlanto-axialen Instabilität sind seltener geworden. Dafür rücken Patienten mit therapierefraktären Schmerzsyndromen der oberen Halswirbelsäule (HWS) und komplexen rheumatischen Deformitäten mit neurologischen Problemen vermehrt in den klinischen Fokus. Biologika können die Manifestation einer rheumatischen Instabilität an der HWS bei vielen Patienten verhindern, haben aber keinen Einfluss auf den klinischen Verlauf bei bereits bestehender biomechanischer Instabilität oder hartnäckigen Schmerzsyndromen aufgrund von knöchernen Destruktionen. Hier ist die operative Therapie für die meisten Patienten die einzig sinnvolle Behandlungsoption. Für die Fusion des atlanto-axialen Gelenkes stehen verschiedene Techniken mit hoher Fusionsrate und geringer eingriffsbedingter Morbidität zur Verfügung. Dabei sind die Besonderheiten der RA zu berücksichtigen (Knochendestruktion, Erweiterung der Vertebralisfurche, Biologikatherapie). Bei komplexen zervikalen Instabilitäten sind langstreckige Fusionen vom Okziput bis in die obere BWS notwendig. Die verbesserten operativen Techniken ermöglichen auch bei dieser schwierigen Patientengruppe eine sichere und komplikationsarme operative Versorgung.
Outcome of Craniocerebral Penetrating Injuries: Experience from the Syrian War
Authors: Jamous Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: May 2019

Objectives Gunshot wounds to the brain are the most fatal of all firearm injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality and morbidity in patients with penetrating craniocerebral gunshot injuries and to identify risk factors that affect the outcome.
Patients and Methods A retrospective review from June 2012 to November 2013 of 44 Syrian patients with gunshot wound to the head was performed. A thorough physical examination and computed tomography (CT) of the brain was obtained for all patients at the time of admission. Associated systemic injuries were found in 19 patients (43%). Surgical intervention was performed in 25 patients (57%); the remaining patients were managed conservatively. The patients were followed for a period of 1 to 15 months (range: 6 ± 2 months). Univariate analysis of patient age, sex, type of penetrating object, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and pupil size on admission, brain CT findings, presence of systemic injuries, and surgical intervention on the patient outcome was performed.
Results Eleven patients (25%) had a bullet injury; the remaining 33 (75%) patients had blast injuries. Initial brain CT revealed different types of skull fractures, intracerebral hemorrhage, and brain edema in all patients. The mortality rate during the follow-up period was 25%. Of the survivors, 25 patients (76%) had a good recovery, eight patients (24%) had a mild disability, and none had a severe disability. The significant factors determining outcome in this series were GCS on admission (p < 0.005) and positive pupil reaction to light (p < 0.05). The patient age, sex, CT findings, systemic injuries, neurosurgical intervention, and hospital length of stay were not significant prognostic factors (p > 0.05).
Conclusions Among various variables, GCS and pupil reactivity were the outcome predictors in patients with penetrating craniocerebral injuries. Age, sex, type of penetrating object, CT findings, and surgical intervention did not have a significant effect on survival for these kinds of injuries.
Assessment of Serious Acute and Chronic Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Robles-Diaz Mercedes , Hernandez Nelia , Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in developed countries. The extremely variable phenotype of DILI, both in presentation and in severity, is one of the distinctive characteristics of the disease and one of the major challenges that hepatologists face when assessing hepatotoxicity cases. A new Hy's law that more accurately predicts the risk of ALF related to DILI has been proposed and validated. Other prognostic scoring algorithms for the early identification of DILI patients who may go on to develop ALF have been developed as it is of most clinical relevance to stratify patients for closer monitoring. Recent data indicate that acute DILI often presents a more prolonged resolution or evolves into chronicity at a higher frequency than other forms of acute liver injury. Risk factors for chronicity, specific phenotypes, and histological features are discussed in this study. Biomarkers to predict DILI outcome are in need.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation in the Lower Limb
Authors: O'Keeffe Bernard , Rout Shraddha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLower limb amputations form a considerable number with 5,436,000 Indians having locomotor disability. Most members of this group are young, active earning males. The major cause of amputation is trauma. Hence, this population must be rehabilitated with priority, and best concerted efforts must be made by the medical community. In this article, the authors present available modern technologies in India and share best practices from their experience of treating Indian amputees for the past 20 years. The objective is to demonstrate to the medical community the optimal outcomes that can be achieved and help them make correct decisions on behalf of patients and their families. The article discusses history of prostheses, how to select optimal amputation level, preamputation preparation, determinants of good outcomes, preprosthetic preparation, components of prosthesis, their function and significance, rehabilitation process and guidelines, prescription criteria, and also special considerations such as multiple amputees or children.
Photoacoustic imaging for guidance of interventions in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Iskander-Rizk Sophinese , van der Steen Antonius F W , van Soest Gijs 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Imaging guidance is paramount to procedural success in minimally invasive interventions. Catheter-based therapies are the standard of care in the treatment of many cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, structural heart disease and electrophysiological conditions. Many of these diseases are caused by, or effect, a change in vasculature or cardiac tissue composition, which can potentially be detected by photoacoustic imaging. This review summarizes the state of the art in photoacoustic imaging approaches that have been proposed for intervention guidance in cardiovascular care. All of these techniques are currently in the preclinical phase. We will conclude with an outlook towards clinical applications.
Improving SPDC single-photon sources via extended heralding and feed-forward control
Authors: Massaro Marcello , Meyer-Scott Evan , Montaut Nicola , Herrmann Harald , Silberhorn Christine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Evolving photonic quantum technologies and applications require higher and higher rates of single photon generation. In parallel, it is required that these generated photons are kept spectrally pure for multi-photon experiments and that multi-photon noise be kept to a minimum. In spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources, these requirements are conflicting, because spectral filtering to increase spectral purity always means lowering the rate at which photons are generated, and increasing the pump power means increasing the multi-photon noise. In this paper, we present a scheme, called extended heralding, which aims to mitigate the reduction of single-photon generation rate under spectral filtering by removing cases where we detect light in the rejection band of the heralding photon’s filter. Our experiment shows that this allows for higher single-photon generation rates with lower multi-photon noise than the standard approach of neglecting modes falling out of the filter bandwidth. We also show that by using active feed-forward control based on this extended heralding, it is possible to further improve the performance of the original source by physically eliminating uncorrelated photons from the output stream.
Precursors of non-Markovianity
Authors: Campbell Steve , Popovic Maria , Tamascelli Dario , Vacchini Bassano 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Using the paradigm of information backflow to characterize a non-Markovian evolution, we introduce so-called precursors of non-Markovianity, i.e. necessary properties that the system and environment state must exhibit at earlier times in order for an ensuing dynamics to be non-Markovian. In particular, we consider a quantitative framework to assess the role that established system-environment correlations together with changes in environmental states play in an emerging non-Markovian dynamics. By defining the relevant contributions in terms of the Bures distance, which is conveniently expressed by means of the quantum state fidelity, these quantities are well defined and easily applicable to a wide range of physical settings. We exemplify this by studying our precursors of non-Markovianity in discrete and continuous variable non-Markovian collision models.
Long-lived quantum speedup based on plasmonic hot spot systems
Authors: Ren Jun , Chen Tian , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Long-lived quantum speedup serves as a fundamental component for quantum algorithms. The quantum walk is identified as an ideal scheme to realize the long-lived quantum speedup. However, one finds that the duration of quantum speedup is too short in real systems to implement the quantum algorithms, for instance the speedup in the photosynthetic light-harvesting systems can last only dozens of femtoseconds. Here, we construct one plasmonic system with two-level molecules embodied in the hot spots of one-dimensional nanoparticle chains to realize the long-lived quantum speedup. The coherent and incoherent coupling parameters in the system are obtained by means of Green’s tensor technique. Our results reveal that the duration of quantum speedup in our scheme can exceed 500 fs under strong coherent coupling conditions. Moreover, our plasmonic system has far prospect in realizing high-dimensional quantum walk, which is very beneficial for quantum algorithms.