bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in young patients after cone reconstruction for Ebstein anomaly
Authors: Sessions Kristen L. , Van Dorn Charlotte , Dearani Joseph A. , Warring Simrit , Leopold Kaitlin , Wackel Philip L. , Cetta Frank , Johnson Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the health status and quality of life of young patients who had cone reconstruction for Ebstein anomaly.Methods:We reviewed all patients who had cone reconstruction from 2007 to 2016 at our institution. Prospective surveys were mailed to all eligible patients. Quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, including four domains: physical, emotional, social, and school functioning.Results:Of 116 eligible patients, 72 (62%) responded. About 96% reported their health as excellent or good, and 52% were symptom-free. Only 37% of patients were taking any medications, the most common of which was aspirin (30%). Only 19% had been hospitalised for cardiac reasons following cone reconstruction. The average self-reported quality of life was 85.3/100, whereas the average parent proxy-reported quality of life was 81.8/100. There was no difference by self or parent proxy-report in quality of life between cone reconstruction patients and healthy children; however, quality of life was significantly better compared with children with other chronic health conditions. By self-report and parent proxy-report, 15.1 and 16.7% of patients were deemed “at risk” for reduced quality of life, respectively. Socially, 63/64 (98%) patients over 5 years old were either full-time students or working full-time.Conclusion:Children with Ebstein anomaly following cone reconstruction have excellent quality of life comparable with healthy peers and significantly better than other children with chronic health conditions. Families of children with Ebstein anomaly can expect excellent quality of life, long-term health status, and social functioning following cone reconstruction.
ST elevation myocardial infarction following a cannabis smoking binge
Authors: Katranas Sotirios , Ziakas Antonios , Didagelos Matthaios 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCannabis smoking is considered the most popular illicit drug used worldwide. We present the case of a 26-year-old male with ST elevation myocardial infarction and heart failure subsequent to cannabis smoking abuse. We searched the literature regarding acute myocardial infarction following cannabis smoking and the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Iran: a concentration index decomposition analysis
Authors: Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Rashidian Arash , Amini Rarani Mostafa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to assess and decompose the socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Kerman, Iran.Design:The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis was done to measure the socio-economic status (SES) of the adolescents’ families and the normalized concentration index (NCI) was used to measure the inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students of different SES. The contributions of environmental and individual explanatory variables to inequality were assessed by decomposing the concentration index.Setting:Forty secondary schools of Kerman Province in Iran in 2015.Participants:Eighth-grade adolescent students (n 1320).Results:The data of 1242 adolescent students were completed for the current study. Unhealthy snacks consumption was unequally distributed among adolescent students and was concentrated mainly among the high-SES adolescents (NCI = 0·179; 95 % CI 0·056, 0·119). The decomposition showed that higher SES (62 %) and receiving pocket money allowance (31 %), as environmental variables, had the highest positive contributions to the measured inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption. Taste and sensory perception (7 %) as well as cost sensitivity (5 %), as individual variables, followed them in terms of their contribution importance.Conclusions:It is highly suggested that both environmental and individual factors should be addressed at different settings including schools, families and suppliers of unhealthy snacks. These findings can help future health promotion strategies in Iran to tackle the observed inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption.
The profiles of public and private patients in maternal healthcare: a longitudinal study to examine adverse selection
Authors: William Jananie , Loong Bronwyn , Chojenta Catherine , Loxton Deborah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, we investigate differences in the profiles of patients within the Australian mixed public-private maternal health system to examine the extent of adverse selection. There are conflicting influences on adverse selection within the private health sector in Australia due to government regulations that incentivise lower risk segments of the population to purchase community-rated private health insurance. We use a two-phase modelling methodology that incorporates statistical learning and logistic regression on a dataset that links administrative and longitudinal survey data for a large cohort of women. We find that the key predictor of private patient status is having private health insurance, which itself is largely driven by sociodemographic factors rather than health-or pregnancy-related factors. Additionally, transitioning between the public-private systems for a subsequent pregnancy is uncommon; however, it is primarily driven by changes in private health insurance when it occurs. Other significant factors when transitioning to the private system for a second pregnancy are hypertension, increased access to specialists and stress related to previous motherhood experiences. Consequently, there is limited evidence of adverse selection in this market, with targeted financial incentives likely outweighing the impact of community rating even during childbearing years where private health service use increases.
Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping
Authors: Yang YanYan , Liu LianYou , Shi PeiJun , Zhao MengDi , Dai JiaDong , Lyu YanLi , Zhang GuoMing , Zuo XiYang , Jia QingPan , Liu Yong , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShrubs have a patchy distribution under natural conditions. Spacing, as a quantitative parameter used to describe shrub distribution, influences the formation of vegetated aeolian landforms and sand trapping in sandy regions. In this study, the morphology and development of shadow dunes were investigated in a wind tunnel at different wind velocities for three pairs of various‐sized artificial shrubs constructed from live branches and with different spacing patterns. The amount of sand trapped by these shrubs was also measured. With decreasing spacing between two adjacent shrubs, independent dunes, separate dunes that mutually curved toward each other, converging dunes, and coalesced dunes were sequentially observed. Two critical thresholds of shrub spacing were determined, for dune deformation (Td) and dune convergence (Tc). Td and Tc represent the spacings between two adjacent shrubs that result in isolated and independent shadow dunes starting to deform and converge in their tail areas, respectively. The spacing thresholds of shrubs increased with shrub size and decreased with wind velocity. The processes of shadow‐dune development for two adjacent shrubs were classified into three types: separate, separate‐converging, and coalesced. The amount of sand trapped by shrubs at spacings of <Tc was six times greater than that at spacings of >Td. The converging effects of shrubs on shadow‐dune formation and sand trapping decreased with wind velocity and increased with shrub size. The results suggest that the shadow dune morphology and sand trapping capacity of shrubs are governed by both wind regime and distribution pattern and size of shrubs.
Low‐Viscosity Crustal Layer Controls the Crustal Architecture and Thermal Distribution at Hyperextended Margins: Modeling Insight and Application to the Northern South China Sea Margin
Authors: Li Fucheng , Sun Zhen , Pang Xiong , Liao Jie , Yang Hongfeng , Xie Hui , Zhuo Haiteng , Zhao Zhongxian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA low‐viscosity crustal layer (LVCL) due to partial melt and/or hydration has been detected within the continental crust (e.g., in South China block), but its role in the development of hyperextended margins is still not entirely understood. Using 2‐D thermomechanical modeling, we simulate the lithospheric extension with a LVCL embedded within the continental crust. Results show that the ductile layer determines the width of highly thinned crust and the crustal thermal distribution. Detailed effects are found by varying the initial effective viscosity and thickness of the layer: (1) a rheologically weaker and/or thicker LVCL accommodates more deformation and thus results in a slow and distributed crustal thinning and (2) preferential removal of the lithospheric mantle places the crust in direct contact with the hot upwelling asthenosphere, promoting the development of highly thinned and hot continental crust. Both the widths of highly thinned crust and the thermal values increase when the rheology of the ductile layer decreases or the thickness increases. Furthermore, we obtain the crustal thickness and geothermal characteristics of the northern South China Sea (SCS) margin using reprocessed geophysical data and newly complied heat flow data. A detailed comparison of our modeling results with the northern SCS margin suggests that variation in the LVCL thickness may be a possible mechanism for the differential width of highly thinned crust and high heat flow zone along strike of the northern SCS margin.
Upper Mantle Melt Distribution From Petrologically Constrained Magnetotellurics
Authors: Selway K. , O'Donnell J. P. , Özaydin Sinan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree parameters: temperature, hydrogen content, and the presence of partial melt, are the dominant controls on the rheology of the convecting upper mantle. As such, they determine the dynamics that control plate tectonics and continental evolution. Since hydrogen depresses the peridotite solidus temperature, these parameters are strongly linked petrologically. We have developed a genetic algorithm code to statistically assess the likelihood that a section of upper mantle contains partial melt. This code uses magnetotelluric observations and petrological constraints on composition and solidus temperatures and allows for uncertainties in the geotherm and the electrical conductivity structure. We have applied this code to the convecting upper mantle beneath (1) a stable continent (the Superior Craton); (2) a hot spot (Tristan da Cunha); (3) stable, old oceanic lithosphere (the northwest Pacific Ocean); and (4) young oceanic lithosphere (adjacent to the East Pacific Rise). Results show that the volume of melt in the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous. The highest melt proportions are beneath the hot spot while little to no melt is required in the other regions. All regions show low water contents (generally <50 wt ppm in olivine) in the shallow convecting upper mantle, making it unlikely that water causes a large or sharp viscosity contrast between the lithosphere and the convecting mantle. Results differ significantly for different experimental olivine hydrogen conductivity models, highlighting the importance of reconciling these experimental constraints.
Offshore Submarine Groundwater Discharge at a Coral Reef Front Controlled by Faults
Authors: Cantarero Danica Linda M. , Blanco Ariel , Cardenas M. Bayani , Nadaoka Kazuo , Siringan Fernando P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in reefs can be controlled regionally by geologic structures. Since such structures are poorly characterized, their general importance to SGD is likely underappreciated. This study helps fill this gap by analyzing the effects and implications of faults and associated fractures on offshore hydrogeologic processes in coral reefs. The study area in Bolinao, northwestern Philippines, is an extensive reef flat complex fringing a small, limestone island. The highly linear morphology of the island's western reef front is thought to indicate a fault which may serve as a pathway for SGD. Focusing on its northwestern (NW) side, we integrated measurements of seawater 222Rn activity, salinity, and subsurface electrical resistivity (ER) to assess the nature and magnitude of offshore fault‐controlled regional SGD. In situ 222Rn activities comparable to previously reported reef flat values with corresponding bottom water freshening were observed at several NW reef front sites. ER features consistent with freshwater‐saturated sediments were also detected underlying these sites. These “fresh” subsurface ER features occur continuously along the NW reef front and discretely in the northern reef front, coinciding with the orientation of suspected faults in each of these reef areas. The multifaceted observations support the claim that faults across the area provide long and connected pathways for SGD in the reef front, which is in contrast with the typically lower SGD influence in offshore marine environments. The regional fault‐controlled SGD analyzed here is likely to be important for other similar coastal areas.
Isotopic Compositions of Sulfides in Exhumed High‐Pressure Terranes: Implications for Sulfur Cycling in Subduction Zones
Authors: Walters Jesse B. , Cruz‐Uribe Alicia M. , Marschall Horst R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubduction is a key component of Earth's long‐term sulfur cycle; however, the mechanisms that drive sulfur from subducting slabs remain elusive. Isotopes are a sensitive indicator of the speciation of sulfur in fluids, sulfide dissolution‐precipitation reactions, and inferring fluid sources. To investigate these processes, we report δ34S values determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy in sulfides from a global suite of exhumed high‐pressure rocks. Sulfides are classified into two petrogenetic groups: (1) metamorphic, which represent closed‐system (re)crystallization from protolith‐inherited sulfur, and (2) metasomatic, which formed during open system processes, such as an influx of oxidized sulfur. The δ34S values for metamorphic sulfides tend to reflect their precursor compositions: −4.3 ‰ to +13.5 ‰ for metabasic rocks, and −32.4 ‰ to −11.0 ‰ for metasediments. Metasomatic sulfides exhibit a range of δ34S from −21.7 ‰ to +13.9 ‰. We suggest that sluggish sulfur self‐diffusion prevents isotopic fractionation during sulfide breakdown and that slab fluids inherit the isotopic composition of their source. We estimate a composition of −11 ‰ to +8 ‰ for slab fluids, a significantly smaller range than observed for metasomatic sulfides. Large fractionations during metasomatic sulfide precipitation from sulfate‐bearing fluids, and an evolving fluid composition during reactive transport may account for the entire ~36 ‰ range of metasomatic sulfide compositions. Thus, we suggest that sulfates are likely the dominant sulfur species in slab‐derived fluids.
Effect of the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm on the CO2 Density in the Lower Nightside Thermosphere Observed From MAVEN/IUVS Lyman‐Alpha Absorption
Authors: Chaufray J.‐Y. , Chaffin M. , Deighan J. , Jain S. , Schneider N. , Mayyasi M. , Jakosky B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe MAVEN/Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument measures Lyman‐α emissions from interplanetary and Martian hydrogen at the limb and through the extended corona of Mars. In June 2018, a global dust storm (GDS) surrounded Mars for a few months, heating the lower atmosphere and leading to an expansion of the Martian atmosphere. Nightside IUVS observations before and throughout this GDS showed the altitude of CO2 absorption of Lyman‐α photons in the thermosphere to increase by 4.5±1.0 km on 8 June 2018. This shift is attributed to an increase of the CO2 density by a factor 1.9±0.2 at 110 km due to the heating of the lower atmosphere. These nightside observations, not previously used to study dust storms, in an altitude range not sampled by other instruments, are consistent with dayside MAVEN observations and allow for more comprehensive determination of the global changes produced by the GDS on the Martian thermosphere.
The Aleutian Low‐Beaufort Sea Anticyclone: A Climate Index Correlated With the Timing of Springtime Melt in the Pacific Arctic Cryosphere
Authors: Cox C. J. , Stone R. S. , Douglas D. C. , Stanitski D. M. , Gallagher M. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEarly and late extremes in the timing of snowmelt have recently been observed in the Pacific Arctic. Subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecasts of this timing are important for industry, environmental management, and Arctic communities. In northern Alaska, the timing is influenced by the advection of marine air from the north Pacific by the Aleutian Low, modulated by high pressure centered in the Beaufort Sea. A new climate index that integrates their interaction could advance melt predictions. We define this index based on 850‐hPa geopotential height at four fixed locations and refer to it as the Aleutian Low‐Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA). During positive ALBSA in May, advection of +0.5‐1.5 K/day is observed through the Bering Strait. ALBSA is correlated with both snowmelt in northern Alaska and the onset of sea ice melt over the adjacent seas. ALBSA therefore may be suitable for monitoring the relevant circulation patterns and for developing predictive tools.
The ENSO and QBO Impact on Ozone Variability and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange Relative to the Subtropical Jets
Authors: Olsen Mark A. , Manney Gloria L. , Liu Junhua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) are natural sources of ozone variability in the tropical and midlatitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Regional tropospheric ozone variations have previously been attributed to ENSO‐ and QBO‐induced changes in stratosphere‐troposphere exchange around the subtropical jets (STJs). We use Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System analyses of Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder ozone data mapped to a STJ coordinate to examine the influence of ENSO and QBO on global and regional variability of upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ozone, and tropopause folding stratosphere‐troposphere exchange. These coordinates eliminate the apparent variability due to the changing location of the STJ, which is itself influenced by ENSO. The ENSO influence on ozone variability near the STJ and in tropopause folds is much greater than the QBO influence, although both are small in a hemispheric mean. On regional scales, the ozone sensitivity to ENSO associated with tropopause folding is strongly positive in some regions and strongly negative in others, which largely cancel in the hemispheric mean. Poleward of the STJs, the sensitivities of stratospheric ozone to ENSO and QBO are large and similar in magnitude but are opposite in phase. Thus, the ozone responses to ENSO and QBO can largely cancel or reinforce, depending on their relative phases. These results can be used to evaluate and compare modeled QBO and ENSO influences on ozone variability that removes the first‐order impact of differences in the location of the STJs.
Electrosynthesis of high-entropy metallic glass nanoparticles for designer, multi-functional electrocatalysis
Authors: Glasscott Matthew W. , Pendergast Andrew D. , Goines Sondrica , Bishop Anthony R. , Hoang Andy T. , Renault Christophe , Dick Jeffrey E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCreative approaches to the design of catalytic nanomaterials are necessary in achieving environmentally sustainable energy sources. Integrating dissimilar metals into a single nanoparticle (NP) offers a unique avenue for customizing catalytic activity and maximizing surface area. Alloys containing five or more equimolar components with a disordered, amorphous microstructure, referred to as High-Entropy Metallic Glasses (HEMGs), provide tunable catalytic performance based on the individual properties of incorporated metals. Here, we present a generalized strategy to electrosynthesize HEMG-NPs with up to eight equimolar components by confining multiple metal salt precursors to water nanodroplets emulsified in dichloroethane. Upon collision with an electrode, alloy NPs are electrodeposited into a disordered microstructure, where dissimilar metal atoms are proximally arranged. We also demonstrate precise control over metal stoichiometry by tuning the concentration of metal salt dissolved in the nanodroplet. The application of HEMG-NPs to energy conversion is highlighted with electrocatalytic water splitting on CoFeLaNiPt HEMG-NPs.
Superconductivity from the condensation of topological defects in a quantum spin-Hall insulator
Authors: Liu Yuhai , Wang Zhenjiu , Sato Toshihiro , Hohenadler Martin , Wang Chong , Guo Wenan , Assaad Fakher F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe discovery of quantum spin-Hall (QSH) insulators has brought topology to the forefront of condensed matter physics. While a QSH state from spin-orbit coupling can be fully understood in terms of band theory, fascinating many-body effects are expected if it instead results from spontaneous symmetry breaking. Here, we introduce a model of interacting Dirac fermions where a QSH state is dynamically generated. Our tuning parameter further allows us to destabilize the QSH state in favour of a superconducting state through proliferation of charge-2e topological defects. This route to superconductivity put forward by Grover and Senthil is an instance of a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP). Our model offers the possibility to study DQCPs without a second length scale associated with the reduced symmetry between field theory and lattice realization and, by construction, is amenable to large-scale fermion quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of Hexokinase 2 by HectH9 controls tumor metabolism and cancer stem cell expansion
Authors: Lee Hong-Jen , Li Chien-Feng , Ruan Diane , He Jiabei , Montal Emily D. , Lorenz Sonja , Girnun Geoffrey D. , Chan Chia-Hsin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnormous efforts have been made to target metabolic dependencies of cancer cells for developing new therapies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of glycolysis inhibitors is limited due to their inability to elicit cell death. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), via its mitochondrial localization, functions as a central nexus integrating glycolysis activation and apoptosis resilience. Here we identify that K63-linked ubiquitination by HectH9 regulates the mitochondrial localization and function of HK2. Through stable isotope tracer approach and functional metabolic analyses, we show that HectH9 deficiency impedes tumor glucose metabolism and growth by HK2 inhibition. The HectH9/HK2 pathway regulates cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and CSC-associated chemoresistance. Histological analyses show that HectH9 expression is upregulated and correlated with disease progression in prostate cancer. This work uncovers that HectH9 is a novel regulator of HK2 and cancer metabolism. Targeting HectH9 represents an effective strategy to achieve long-term tumor remission by concomitantly disrupting glycolysis and inducing apoptosis.