bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Food Handlers on Food Safety and Personal Hygiene During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering, Baghdad, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Radhi Firas , Al Dahhan Safauldeen , Hashim Rana Adel , Mahmood Hussein , Araj Rawan , Arbaji Ali 
Published: April 2019

Background
Millions of pilgrims attend Arbaeenia mass gathering (MG) in Iraq each year. Thousands of individuals work voluntarily at temporary rest areas (locally called Mawakib), distributed in most of Iraq governorates, to provide food and other services to the MG attendees. The potential for improper handling of food at Mawakib increases the risk of waterborne and foodborne diseases.

Objective
This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of food handlers in Mawakibs in Baghdad city during Arbaeenia MG.

Methods
A random sample of 100 Mawakibs was selected in Baghdad, 50 from the eastern side (Rusafa) and 50 from the western side (Kerkh), and five food handlers were randomly selected from each Mawakib. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and KAP for food safety and personal hygiene. The questionnaire included 25 questions addressing knowledge, 10 addressing attitudes, and 14 addressing practices of the food handlers with respect to food safety and personal hygiene. Questions on knowledge and attitudes were answered through direct interview with the food handlers, whereas the questions on practices were answered through direct observation while handling or serving the food. SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) was used for data analysis and describing proportions.

Results
There was a varied knowledge of food safety practices among the individuals interviewed. On a scale of 3, the overall average score for both the attitude and practices for food safety and personal hygiene was 2, which corresponds to fair attitude and practices. The attitudes varied significantly by location, age group, and education, whereas the practices varied by location, age groups, employment, and previous experiences.

Conclusions
The food handlers had unsatisfactory attitudes and practices toward food handling and personal hygiene. Their participation in food handling at Mawakib carries a potential risk of spreading foodborne and waterborne diseases. All individuals intending to serve in Mawakib as food handlers should be licensed from the Ministry of Health after completing a formal training in food safety and personal hygiene.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Aplikasi Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan, Pengolahan Pakan , Biofarmaka Dan Limbah Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Sentra Kambing Di Kecamatan Kerek Dan Merakurak Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Maslachah Lilik , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Community empowerment of the goat farming group in Kerek and Merakurak, Tuban aims to improve the knowledge of artificial insemination technology of goats, processing agricultural and plantation waste products for goat feed,processing and using medicinal plants and processing goat’s faeces waste to become environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Methods: observing the location, interviewing and discussing with the leader of the group to clarify the problems faced by goat farmers. Education given by seminar and training by demos of artificial insemination, complete feed processing, bio-pharmaceutical preparation and waste processing. Evaluation and monitoring the success of the sustainability program cooperating with local animal husbandry department for assistance by field operators serving on the area. The output of TTG is transformation of artificial insemination technology of goats. Knowledge and understanding of farmers about how to process complete feed for goats. Making bio pharmaceutical preparation independently. Production of environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Keywords: artificial insemination; bio-pharmaceutical; complete feed; waste product
Education for Sustainable Develoment (ESD) – Pancasila di Desa Towangsan: Paradigma Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan
Authors: Hastangka Hastangka , Tjahyadi Sindung , Djalu Sembada Andhika , Sinaga Yesika Theresia 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT The village of Towangsan, Gantiwarno, Klaten district, Central Java has the potential of social, cultural and local economic capital that can serve as a model and application to continually maintain the values of locality, sustainable development values based on the identity and personality of the Indonesian nation namely Pancasila. Pancasila became the basic moral and basic values in formulating village development policy in Towangsan Gantiwarno village, Klaten regency, Central Java. Community service activities with ESD implementation framework in society implemented by UGM Pancasila Study Center is to design and formulate Indonesia-based Center for Innovation and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) based on Pancasila values. The Center for Innovation and Development of Education for Sustainable Development is to provide the foundation and commitment of the village community in order to work consciously and continuously actualize the values of sustainable development in accordance with the areas that are involved such as Lare mentes community based culture community, and Karang Taruna based sustainable development. The results achieved in this activity are the establishment of a community-based ESD Innovation and Development Center in Towangsan Gantiwarno Village, community awareness of the importance of sustainable development, and the documentation of Towangsan village profiles based on Pancasila values. Implementation of ESD-Pancasila Implementation also has a positive impact in Towangsan because it has changed the mindset and way of thinking of the exclusive from the exclusive. Keywords: ESD; Pancasila; sustainable development.
Pengembangan Desa Jomboran sebagai Desa Agrowisata Mandiri Melalui Model Pembanguna Karakter, Model Tetrapreneur, dan Pemetaan Potensi Desa Berbasis Pertanian
Authors: Ajri Miftahul , Indarti Siwi , Indarto R. Edwin , PL Rika Fatimah 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Jomboran, one of the villages located in Klaten Tengah, Klaten, Central Java. Jomboran Village is an economical strategic area as it is close to the administrative center of Klaten. Jomboran Village with its potentials can be developed as a tourist village based on agriculture combined with the uniqueness of environmental conditions and cultural wealth of the community.The Jomboran village development method is carried out through three stages: identification of potential and mapping of areas, especially agricultural land; institutional programs and village financial institutions; and village tourism branding program.The programs that have been implemented are the improvement of community motivation through workshop with the theme "Building Powerful Character Towards Jomboran Tourist Village"; training the basics of business to potential community groups to improve the village economy; agricultural extension and technical guidance to farmer group members; Exhibition of the Creative Economy of Featured Products Jomboran, and the initiation of tropical fruit garden as an educational park.Through the UGM Guided Village Program, the potentials of Jomboran village can be synergized into attractive village tour package and have market opportunities. Keywords: agrotourism; community quality; institutional; tetrapreneur; village.
TRABAJO COLABORATIVO PARA EL DIÁLOGO ÉTICO CON VÍCTIMAS DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE SEGURIDAD EN MÉXICO
Authors: Querales Mendoza May-ek 
Published: April 2019

<p>Los científicos sociales en México estamos hoy ante el reto de comprender los efectos de la violencia producida por la guerra contra el narcotráfico. Realizar investigación sobre violaciones a derechos humanos –o temas relacionados– exige que nos planteemos el asunto de la responsabilidad social que podemos adquirir como científicos sociales y requiere que, estudiantes e investigadores consolidados, revisemos nuestras rutas metodológicas y éticas a fin de respetar la dignidad de las personas que participan de la investigación. Con base en esta lógica, en este texto se retoman experiencias de investigación empírica, realizadas entre 2012 y 2015 en El Paso, Texas, con Mexicanos en Exilio, una organización que congrega a 250 mexicanos solicitantes de asilo político en Estados Unidos tras haber sido victimizados en el contexto de la guerra contra el narcotráfico. La intención es compartir algunas reflexiones sobre el trabajo de investigación colaborativo y la potencia que tiene en la construcción de testimonios sobre las prácticas de crueldad que se han desarrollado durante la última década en México.</p>
The methodological challenges of investigating violence: a perspective from Latin America
Authors: Rojido Emiliano , Cano Ignacio 
Published: April 2019

<p>En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre las dificultades de estudiar la violencia en contextos de alta incidencia, en específico desde una perspectiva de América Latina. En primer lugar, se discurre sobre cómo la violencia afecta la calidad de los datos primarios generados en contextos violentos, tanto para investigaciones cualitativas como cuantitativas. En segundo lugar se analizan las limitaciones metodológicas de los propios datos oficiales sobre violencia producida en estos contextos, discutiendo algunas alternativas. Además del impacto metodológico, el artículo incluye consideraciones sobre aspectos éticos y de seguridad, tanto para los investigadores como para las poblaciones estudiadas.</p>
Bienestar público o financiarización: contratos, consultorías, asociaciones público privadas y compras públicas. (Colonización del gobierno)
Authors: Vicher Diana 
Published: April 2019

<p class="xmsonormal" align="right"> </p><p class="xmsonormal">En el escenario mundial configurado como resultado de la retracción del Estado y escasez de recursos, grupos económicos nacionales e internacionales, sobre todo empresas trasnacionales y capital financiero, han encontrado (tal vez ayudados a generar o incidido para hacerlo posible), nuevas oportunidades de negocio (ganancias) que se han abierto gracias a la desregulación de varios sectores del gobierno que incluyen servicios públicos y la creciente inclusión de compras gubernamentales en los tratados de libre comercio. Por ello de manera creciente, desde la década de 1980, esos sectores empresariales (consultorías trasnacionales, calificadoras de riesgo, certificadoras como ISO) y financieros (deuda pública y asociaciones público privadas) se han posicionado en importantes espacios de toma de decisiones, al tiempo que han tenido acceso a explotar actividades que estaban a cargo de gobiernos y administraciones públicas.<strong></strong></p><p class="xmsonormal">Estas "nuevas formas de financiamiento" y opciones de prestación de servicios públicos, presentan diferentes contradicciones que se deben analizar para valorar los efectivos beneficios que pueden aportar, o bien para revelar sus consecuencias reales. Este trabajo revisa la directriz general de la contratación y concesión gubernamental que incluye carteras de servicios de las consultorías trasnacionales al gobierno nacional, la expansión del mercado de compras gubernamentales y formas de financiamiento de asociaciones público privadas.</p><p> </p>
Geopolítica de los medios de comunicación no presencial y el sistema-mundo
Authors: Barrón Pastor Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>Esta colaboración hace una lectura de algunos aspectos relacionados con una posible crisis sistémica que se esté desarrollando en la actualidad, y sobre el papel que el funcionamiento del sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial podría tener en esta transformación que calificaremos como telúrica y planetaria. Para ello, se hará una distinción sobre el uso de la palabra sistema, y cómo se aplica diferenciadamente en los conceptos de sistema-mundo y de sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial. En segundo lugar, se reflexionará sobre algunas posibles implicaciones geopolíticas que podría tener la ampliación de la esfera de influencia del sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial en el sistema-mundo. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis sobre el ascenso de los personajes mediáticos a través del uso de campos programáticos dentro del sistema mediático que conocemos.</p><p> </p>
La gran crisis del inicio del siglo XXI: concentración de las redes financieras mundiales
Authors: Camarena Luhrs Margarita 
Published: April 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>A diez años del estallido de la gran crisis financiera internacional de 2008, se mantiene la tendencia de expansión-y-crisis. Esta experiencia no sólo muestra que el sistema financiero es propenso a la crisis sino que cada vez lo moldean más. En este contexto, se discute a continuación el hecho de que con herramientas más débiles para abordar las fallas financieras surgen consecuencias críticas, entre las que se destacan la intensa concentración del capital y la mayor conexión de las redes financieras mundiales.</p><p> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Callosal mutism after AVM embolization in territoy of distal anterior cerebral artery branches
Authors: Mattei Tobias Alecio , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Caldas José Guilherme , Di Pace Aline Bortolotto , Presotto Samanta Saeko Momoi , Mandarino Daniel Pereira , Mattei Josias Alecio 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Callosum mutism (CM) is a rare complication of neurosurgical procedures. There is no previous report of its ocurrence after interventional endovascular procedures for intracranial lesions. Material and method: We present a case of CM after embolization of anterior cerebral artery branches for treatment of a left frontal arterio-venous malformation (AVM). After reporting the particularities of clinical and radiological presentation of such case, we preform a critical literature review and discusses the clinical and ethiological aspects of CM as well as its differences in relation to other genders of speech disturbances (like aphasias). Finally we provide a brief overview about present available methods of cortical function monitoring emphasizing their utility in therapeutic endovascular procedures in eloquent areas. Result and conclusion: In literature, there are no previous report of CM as a complication of therapeutic angiographic procedures. Its exact pathophysiology is unknown. It is usually believed that this syndrome may appear after lesion of any of the components of the dentate-thalamic-cortical pathway, as well as supplementary motor area and mesolimbic regions involved in speech production. The diagnosis of CM must be considered after a clinical picture of speech deficit after therapeutic endovascualr procedures in territory of distal branches of anterior cerebral artery, specially of frontopolar (FpA branch) and anterior internal frontal (AIFA) branches.
Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas da circulação anterior
Authors: Aguiar Paulo Henrique , Flores Juan Antonio Castro , Caldas José Guilherme , De Santana Júnior Pedro Augusto , Fontes Ricardo , Simm Renata Faria , Panagopuolos Alexandros Theodoros 
Published: April 2019

Objetivos: Os autores fazem uma análise crítica dos métodos de tratamento dos aneurismas da circulação anterior, além de salientarem os aspectos anatômicos e acessos cirúrgicos. Métodos: Os aspectos evolutivos da técnica cirúrgica e endovascular de tratamento de aneurismas são discutidos, bem como as indicações e principais complicações. Resultados: Uma análise dos aneurismas da circulação anterior é feita e discutida quanto aos aspectos de sua localização, classificação e formas de tratamento. Os aneurismas paraclinóideos são os mais difíceis de serem abordados e tratados. Conclusão: A via pterional é a mais adequada e em aneurismas gigantes a ponte com exerto venoso da carótida externa para cerebral média pode ser muito útil.
Edema peritumoral em meningiomas
Authors: Simis André , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Santana Junior Pedro Augustto , Da Silva Clemar Corrêa 
Published: April 2019

Objetivos: Edema peritumoral (EP) está presente em 60% dos meningiomas intracranianos. Ao contrário dos tumores intra-axiais, cuja fisiopatologia do edema é creditada a uma desordem da barreira hêmato-encefálica, o real mecanismo de formação do edema perilesional nos meningiomas aindaé desconhecido. Revisar as teorias de formação do EP, assim como suas diversas características são os objetivos deste artigo. Métodos: Os autores discutem, através de revisão de literatura, a associação do EP em meningiomas com fatores clínicos, radiológicos, cirúrgicos, histopatológicos e com recorrência tumoral. Resultados: Vários fatores causais têm sido discutidos nosdiversos artigos, como a quebra da barreira hêmato-encefálica, compressão mecânica e vascular, a secreção de fatores produtores de edema, relacionado a hipoplasia de veias de drenagem e ao padrão de vascularização pial.Conclusão: A causa da formação de edema peritumoral em meningiomas é provavelmente multifatorial e pode estar associada a um maior potencial invasivo do tumor. O seu estudo aprofundado poderá trazer dados adicionais para o esclarecimento dos mecanismos de formação dos meningiomas e deseu comportamento biológico levando ao melhor manejo clínico dos pacientes.
Evolução neuropsicológica de pacientes com metástases cerebrais submetidos à radioterapia paliativa
Authors: Miotto Eliane Correa , Maluf Fernando , Teixeira Catarina Andréa Santana , Nadalin Wladimir , Souza de Lucia Mara Cristina , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires 
Published: April 2019

Introdução: O tratamento radioterápico como modalidade terapêutica das metástases cerebrais está associado a um melhor controle local e diminuição da probabilidade de morte neurológica. Entretanto, há um número escasso de estudos na literatura investigando os efeitos deste tratamento, especialmentede radioterapia total de cérebro paliativa, no funcionamento cognitivo e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes que a ele se submetem. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes com metástases cerebrais antes e após o tratamento de radioterapia total de cérebro paliativa. Método: Os 13 pacientes incluídos foram submetidos a 30 Gyem 10 frações, totalizando 3000 cGy. Os testes neuropsicológicos selecionados avaliaram as funções mnésticas, atencionais, executivas, intelectuais e motoras.Resultados: Os principais resultados demonstraram prejuízo das funções executivas, atencionais e de memória episódica, após o tratamento de radioterapia total de cérebro, especialmente, em pacientes com 3 ou 4 metástases cerebrais. Conclusão: Estes achados foram discutidos levando-se em consideração os déficits cognitivos e localização das lesões.
Neural stem cells as novel therapeutic vehicles for genetic therapy in gliomas
Authors: Mattei Tobias Alécio , Dal-Prá Ducci Renata , Ramina Ricardo , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a small fraction of glioma cells (specially in high-grade tumors) endowed with features of primitive neural progenitor cells and tumor-initiating function. As such neural stem cells have tremendous migratory potential for pathological areas in the central nervous system, they, theoretically, could be used to produce a desired gene product against glioma tumor cells. Matherial and Methods: The authors perform a critical literature review in order to highlight recent studies about the role of neural stem cells in the origin of malignant gliomas as well as its possible role as novel vehicles for delivery of targeted genetic therapy approaches. Results: Several recent studies have adressed the possible role of stem cells in the origin of gliomas. Furthermore, recent evidence has also suggested that engraftment of such cells would be followed by integration into the “local neural milieu” and accompanied by stable gene expression, acting, this way, as ideal genetic “vectors”. In addition, the pluripotency of such stem cells would endow them with the capability to replace diseased tissues in an appropriate manner (such as demonstrated in animal models of ischemic stroke). Conclusions: A better understanding of the mechanisms by which neural stem cells migrate to specific sources of injury may allow us to harness these cells as vehicles for delivery of molecular therapies and impact survival in patients with high-grade gliomas. It is important to emphasize, however, that the promising use of neural stem cells for genetic therapy in gliomas, is adjunctive and not a replacement of current standart therapies such as surgery (with maximal possible resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (with Temozolamide), which are expected to continue being part of the therapeutic armamentary against gliomas, at least in the near future.
Mini-open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Zicarelli Carlos Alexandre Martins , Sparapani Fabio V. C. , De Santana Jr Pedro Augusto , Panagoupolos Alexandros Theodoros , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius C. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Median nerve compression is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome. After carpal tunnel release, patients often complain about the scar cosmetic appearance. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcome, surgical technique and complications of mini-open carpal release. Methods: We reviewed data from 48 surgical procedures for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in 32 patients at the Pinheiros Neurologicaland Neurosurgical Clinic in the period of 2000 and 2008. The mean age was 49 years-old. We used a 2 cm incision and microscopic technique to obtain meticulous access of the palmar hand anatomy with special attention to both the recurrent motor branch and palmar cutaneous nerve. Results: Twenty-two patients had total resolution of symptoms. Two patients had no change of neurological symptoms. During the follow up no infection or neurological deficits were observed. Conclusion: Mini-open is a safe and effective approach for carpal tunnel syndrome release. However detailed palmar hand anatomy is mandatory to prevent lesion of branching palmar nerve. The use of microscope is desirable to help identify important structures and avoid complications.
Meningiomas Petroclivais
Authors: Borba Luis A. B. , Da Cunha Marcelo L. Vieira , Filho Léo F. S. Ditzel , De Oliveira Jean G. , Filho Miguel Giudicissi , Neto Aziz Rassi 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores originários da região petroclival, ou com extensão para essa área, é um desafio para os neurocirurgiões. Aqui descrevemos duas abordagens de base de crânio a meningeomas petroclivais, definidos como tumores originários dos dois terços superiores do clivus, na junção petroclival, e medial ao nervo trigêmeo.Descrição: A abordagem cranio-orbito-zigomática (COZ) é descrita para lesões localizadas no clivus superior, com e sem extensão ao seio cavernoso, e a abordagem petrosa posterior, usada para alcançar lesões localizadas no clivus médio, com ou sem extensão ao clivus superior ou inferior. Na abordagemCOZ , o canal auditivo interno é sua extensão inferior. Conclusões: A remoção radical dos meningeomas (graus 1 e 2 da escala de Simpson) é bem estabelecida como o melhor tratamento. Abordagens à base do crânio são mais adequadas para a remoção radical de meningeomas petroclivais. Tumores moles como schwannomas trigeminais, cistos epidermóidesou meningeomas com extensão para a região petroclival, porém sem inserção, podem ser removidos pela abordagem retrosigmóidea.