bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ding Dale , Sekar Padmini , Moomaw Charles J , Comeau Mary E , James Michael L , Testai Fernando , Flaherty Matthew L , Vashkevich Anastasia , Worrall Bradford B , Woo Daniel , Osborne Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are predisposed to venous thromboembolic (VTE) complications, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the rate of VTE complications in ICH patients during acute hospitalization, identify potential risk factors, and assess their association with functional outcome.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from 19 centers and 41 sites that participated in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage study, from August 2010 to February 2016. We compared ICH patients with VTE complications to those without VTE complications. Statistical analyses were performed to determine predictors of VTE complications and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥ 4) at discharge and 3-mo follow-up.

RESULTS
Of the 2902 ICH patients who were eligible for analysis, 87 (3.0%) had VTE complications: 57 (2.0%) had only deep vein thrombosis, 19 (0.7%) had only pulmonary embolism, and 11 (0.4%) had both. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a prior history of VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 6.8; P < .0001), intubation (OR = 4.0; P < .0001), and presence of IVH (OR = 1.8; P = .0157) were independent predictors of VTE complications. After controlling for ICH volume and location, IVH, age, and presenting Glasgow Coma Scale, the occurrence of VTE complications was an independent predictor of poor outcome at discharge (OR = 2.9; P = .002) and 3-mo follow-up (OR = 2.1; P = .02).

CONCLUSION
Although VTE complications are uncommon after ICH, they are associated with significantly worse outcomes. Further studies will be needed to determine the optimal treatment regimen for the prevention and treatment of VTE complications in ICH patients.
Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Wainberg Ricardo Chmelnitsky , da Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Hernández Yair A Ugalde , Caramanti Ricardo Lourenço , Alves Filho César Augusto Ferreira , Palmiero Helbert , Saick Ricardo Pagung , Chaddad-Neto Feres 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is a rare site of aneurysm formation. Only small case series and case reports regarding surgical treatment are found in the literature.
The PICA is divided into 5 segments (anterior medullary, lateral medullary, tonsilomedullary, telovelotonsillary, and cortical), and the distal ones represent the most complex, due to anatomic variations. We present a case of a 69-yr-old female patient who has suffered from a sudden and intense occipital headache, associated with nausea and vomiting. CT scan showed intraventricular hemorrhage, and further investigation with MRI and MR Angiography revealed a small distal PICA aneurysm, at the superior part of the medial aspect of the left cerebellar tonsil. Digital angiography has demonstrated the aneurysm at the tonsilomedullary segment of the PICA. In this 3-dimensional video, the authors show the microsurgical clipping of a saccular distal PICA aneurysm in the close relation to a choroidal branch, performed by median suboccipital craniotomy. Step-by-step of the dissection, relevant surrounding anatomy and aneurysm clipping is demonstrated. The patient signed the Institutional Consent Form, which allows the use of his/her images and videos for any type of medical publications in conferences and/or scientific articles.
Examining trends in the diversity of the U.S. National Institutes of Health participating and funded workforce
Authors: Nikaj Silda , Roychowdhury Deepshikha , Lund P. Kay , Matthews Marguerite , Pearson Katrina 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTHere, we use recent U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) data to document trends in the NIH‐funded workforce over time. Consistent with previous studies that were initiated by NIH, we find that the number of scientists funded on competing R01‐equivalent (R01 Eq.) and research project grants (RPGs) increased 2–5% per year between 2009 and 2016. Primary beneficiaries of this growth were experienced investigators (Exps), whereas the share of funding awarded to early‐stage investigators (ESIs) and new investigators (NIs) declined. The decline occurred even after NIH instituted the New and Early‐Stage Investigator policy in 2009. When we evaluate the investigator pool, we find that women and racial and ethnic minorities represent a higher percentage of NIs and ESIs relative to Exps. Thus, trends of diminishing support for NIs and ESIs may negatively impact the diversity of the current and future biomedical research workforce. We find some recent gains among women and Hispanics as part of the applicant and awardee pool for both R01 Eq. and RPGs, but significant, large gaps persist among nationally underrepresented racial minorities. Our findings suggest a need to prioritize investments and support of ESIs and NIs, groups in which women and racial and ethnic minorities represent a larger proportion of the applicant pool, to enhance diversity in the NIH‐funded workforce.—Nikaj, S., Roychowdhury, D., Lund, P. K., Matthews, M., Pearson, K. Examining trends in the diversity of the U.S. National Institutes of Health participating and funded workforce. FASEB J. 32, 6410–6422 (2018). www.fasebj.org
The soluble extracellular domain of E‐cadherin interferes with EPEC adherence via interaction with the Tir:intimin complex
Authors: Login Frédéric H. , Jensen Helene H. , Pedersen Gitte A. , Amieva Manuel R. , Nejsum Lene N. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes watery diarrhea when colonizing the surface of enterocytes. The translocated intimin receptor (Tir):intimin receptor complex facilitates tight adherence to epithelial cells and formation of actin pedestals beneath EPEC. We found that the host cell adherens junction protein E‐cadherin (Ecad) was recruited to EPEC microcolonies. Live‐cell and confocal imaging revealed that Ecad recruitment depends on, and occurs after, formation of the Tir:intimin complex. Combinatorial binding experiments using wild‐type EPEC, isogenic mutants lacking Tir or intimin, and E. coli expressing intimin showed that the extracellular domain of Ecad binds the bacterial surface in a Tir:intimin‐dependent manner. Finally, addition of the soluble extracellular domain of Ecad to the infection medium or depletion of Ecad extracellular domain from the cell surface reduced EPEC adhesion to host cells. Thus, the soluble extracellular domain of Ecad may be used in the design of intervention strategies targeting EPEC adherence to host cells.—Login, F. H., Jensen, H. H., Pedersen, G. A., Amieva, M. R., Nejsum, L. N. The soluble extracellular domain of E‐cadherin interferes with EPEC adherence via interaction with the Tir:intimin complex. FASEB J. 32, 6860–6868 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Pressure Injury Risk Factors in Critical Care Patients: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Cox Jill , Roche Sharon , Murphy Virginia 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Pressure injury (PI) development in the critical care population is multifactorial. Despite the application of evidence-based prevention strategies, PIs do occur and may be unavoidable in some patients.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the risk factors associated with PI development in a sample of medical-surgical intensive care unit patients and determine whether these risk factors were congruent with the risk factors proposed in the work of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel on unavoidable PIs.

METHODS:
A retrospective, descriptive design was used to determine the PI risk factors present in a sample of 57 critically ill patients admitted to the medical-surgical intensive care unit for more than 24 hours and who acquired a PI during their admission.

RESULTS:
The most frequently identified risk factors were immobility (n = 57 [100%]), septic shock (n = 31 [54%]), vasopressor use (n = 37 [65%]), head-of-bed elevation greater than 30° (n = 53 [93%]), sedation (n = 50 [87.7%]), and mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours (n = 46 [81%]). The most common PI location was the sacrum (n = 32 [56%]), and the most common stage reported was deep-tissue PI (n = 39 [68%]). The mean number of days to PI development was reported at 7.5 (SD, 7.2) days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results of this descriptive study were congruent with the literature surrounding the clinical situations that predispose patients to unavoidable PIs. While the implementation of aggressive PI prevention strategies is essential to reducing PI rates, it is important to recognize that in certain populations, such as the critically ill, exposure to certain risk factors may potentially escalate PI risk beyond the scope of prevention and result in an unavoidable PI. Recognizing these risk factors is significant in the journey to differentiate PIs that result from a lack of preventive care from those that may be prevention immune.
Prophylactic Seizure Medication and Health-Related Quality of Life After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Naidech Andrew M. , Beaumont Jennifer , Muldoon Kathryn , Liotta Eric M. , Maas Matthew B. , Potts Matthew B. , Jahromi Babak S. , Cella David , Prabhakaran Shyam , Holl Jane L. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Prophylactic levetiracetam is currently used in ~40% of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and the potential impact of levetircetam on health-related quality of life is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that prophylactic levetiracetam is independently associated with differences in cognitive function health-related quality of life.

Design:
Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. We performed mixed models for T-scores of health-related quality of life, referenced to the U.S. population at 50 ± 10, accounting for severity of injury and time to follow-up.

Setting:
Academic medical center.

Patients:
One-hundred forty-two survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
T-scores of Neuro-Quality of Life Cognitive Function v2.0 was the primary outcome, whereas Neuro-Quality of Life Mobility v1.0 and modified Rankin Scale (a global functional scale) were secondary measures. We prospectively documented if prophylactic levetiracetam was administered and retrieved administration data from the electronic health record. Patients who received prophylactic levetiracetam had worse cognitive function health-related quality of life (T-score 5.1 points lower; p = 0.01) after adjustment for age (p = 0.3), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p < 0.000001), lobar hematoma (p = 0.9), and time of assessment; statistical models controlling for prophylactic levetiracetam and the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score, a global measure of intracerebral hemorrhage severity, yielded similar results. Lower T-scores of cognitive function health-related quality of life at 3 months were correlated with more total levetiracetam dosage (p = 0.01) and more administered doses of levetiracetam in the hospital (p = 0.03). Patients who received prophylactic levetiracetam were more likely to have a lobar hematoma (27/38 vs 19/104; p < 0.001), undergo electroencephalography monitoring (15/38 vs 21/104; p = 0.02), but not more likely to have clinical seizures (4/38 vs 7/104; p = 0.5). Levetiracetam was not independently associated with the modified Rankin Scale scores or mobility health-related quality of life (p > 0.1).

Conclusions:
Prophylactic levetiracetam was independently associated with lower cognitive function health-related quality of life at follow-up after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Juvenile-Onset Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides–Associated Follicular Mucinosis: A Case Report
Authors: Incel Uysal Pinar , Bozdogan Onder , Atilan Ahmet , Yalcin Basak 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:We report a juvenile case of mycosis fungoides with prominent follicular mucinosis (FM). The patient was a 9-year old boy who presented with a 2-month history of enlarging alopecic patch with fine scales on the scalp. Dermatologic examination revealed orange-tan slightly palpable plaques with follicular prominence on his trunk. The patient and his family were not aware of these asymptomatic truncal plaques. Histopathologic examination of both—scalp and trunk—lesions revealed folliculotropic lymphocytic infiltration with mucin. Immunohistochemical study showed that lymphocytic infiltration was CD4 dominant. Flow cytometry analyses of peripheral blood were normal. Any abnormal populations and Sézary cells were not observed on blood smear. Polymerase chain reaction testing showed monoclonality for the T-cell receptor4-ɤ gene. Our patient had the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of follicular mycosis fungoides–associated follicular mucinosis.
Associations Between Disruptive Behavior Problems, Parenting Factors, and Sleep Problems Among Young Children
Authors: Coto Jennifer , Garcia Alexis , Hart Katie C. , Graziano Paulo A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine within an at-risk/clinical sample of preschool-aged children with externalizing problems: (1) which disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositionality/aggression) and (2) what aspects of parenting (e.g., discipline practices or stress) are related to children's sleep problems (e.g., sleep habit and night waking problems).

Method:
The sample consisted of 148 children (meanage = 5.06 years, 82% male) with at-risk/clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems and their primary caregiver. As part of a larger study, parents reported on their stress and parenting practices and their children's behavioral and sleep functioning. Positive and negative parenting behaviors (“do” and “don't” skills, respectively) were also observed during a 15-minute parent-child interaction during play.

Results:
Oppositionality/aggression was the only disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptom associated with more sleep habit problems. Higher levels of inconsistent discipline and “don't” skills were also associated with more sleep habit problems. Within a combined model, an interaction emerged such that the association between “don't” skills and elevated sleep habit problems was only evident at low levels of inconsistent discipline. In terms of night waking problems, there was only an association with parenting stress, whereas the other parenting factors and disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptoms were unrelated.

Conclusion:
Although the directionality of our associations cannot be ascertained because of the cross-sectional nature of our study, these findings, nevertheless, highlight the importance of parenting factors (e.g., inconsistent discipline and parenting stress) when considering sleep difficulties in young children with disruptive behavior and attention disorders.
Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe
Authors: Forns Joan , Sunyer Jordi , Garcia-Esteban Raquel , Porta Daniela , Ghassabian Akhgar , Giorgis-Allemand Lise , Gong Tong , Gehring Ulrike , Sørensen Mette , Standl Marie , Sugiri Dorothee , Almqvist Catarina , Andiarena Ainara , Badaloní Chiara , Beelen Rob , Berdel Dietrich , Cesaroni Giulia , Charles Marie-Aline , Eriksen Kirsten Thorup , Estarlich Marisa , Fernandez Mariana F. , Forhan Anne , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Korek Michal , Lichtenstein Paul , Lertxundi Aitana , Lopez-Espinosa Maria-Jose , Markevych Iana , de Nazelle Audrey , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Pérez-Lobato Rocío , Philippat Claire , Slama Rémy , Tiesler Carla M.T. , Verhulst Frank C. , von Berg Andrea , Vrijkotte Tanja , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Heude Barbara , Krämer Ursula , Heinrich Joachim , Tiemeier Henning , Forastiere Francesco , Pershagen Göran , Brunekreef Bert , Guxens Mònica 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother–child pairs.

Methods:
Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3–10 years of age. We classified children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range and within the clinical range using validated cutoffs. We combined all adjusted area-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and multiple imputations and applied inverse probability-weighting methods to correct for loss to follow-up.

Results:
We classified a total of 2,801 children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range, and 1,590 within the clinical range. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with a higher odds of ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [OR] for ADHD symptoms of 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.01 per 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 and 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.19 per 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5). We observed similar associations for ADHD within the clinical range.

Conclusions:
There was no evidence for an increase in risk of ADHD symptoms with increasing prenatal air pollution levels in children aged 3–10 years. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B379.
Factors associated with developing vaginal dryness symptoms in women transitioning through menopause: a longitudinal study
Authors: Waetjen L. Elaine , Crawford Sybil L. , Chang Po-Yin , Reed Barbara D. , Hess Rachel , Avis Nancy E. , Harlow Sioban D. , Greendale Gail A. , Dugan Sheila A. , Gold Ellen B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate factors associated with incident self-reported vaginal dryness and the consequences of this symptom across the menopausal transition in a multiracial/ethnic cohort of community-dwelling women.

Methods:
We analyzed questionnaire and biomarker data from baseline and 13 approximately annual visits over 17 years (1996-2013) from 2,435 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a prospective cohort study. We used discrete-time Cox proportional-hazards regression to identify predictors of incident vaginal dryness and to evaluate vaginal dryness as a predictor of pain during intercourse and changes in sexual intercourse frequency.

Results:
The prevalence of vaginal dryness increased from 19.4% among all women at baseline (ages 42-53 years) to 34.0% at the 13th visit (ages 57-69 years). Advancing menopausal stage, surgical menopause, anxiety, and being married were positively associated with developing vaginal dryness, regardless of partnered sexual activity. For women not using hormone therapy, higher concurrent levels of endogenous estradiol were inversely associated (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio: 0.94 per 0.5 standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.98). Concurrent testosterone levels, concurrent dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, and longitudinal change in any reproductive hormone were not associated with developing vaginal dryness. Both vaginal dryness and lubricant use were associated with subsequent reporting of pain during intercourse, but not with a decline in intercourse frequency.

Conclusion:
In these longitudinal analyses, our data support many clinical observations about the relationship between vaginal dryness, menopause, and pain during intercourse, and suggest that reporting of vaginal dryness is not related to androgen level or sexual intercourse frequency.
Outcomes and Complications of Ahmed Tube Implantation in Asian Eyes
Authors: Choo Jessica Q.H. , Chen Z.D. , Koh Victor , Liang Shen , Aquino Cecilia M. , Sng Chelvin , Chew Paul 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
There is a lack of long-term Asian studies on the efficacy and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. This study seeks to determine the outcomes and complications of AGV implantation in Asians.

Methods:
A retrospective review of AGV surgeries performed at a single center in Singapore was conducted. A total of 76 patients with primary and secondary glaucoma who underwent their first AGV surgery from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 were considered for our study. Primary outcomes evaluated were as follows: failure, intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, number of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications, and complications. Failure was defined by the following: IOP >21 mm Hg on 2 consecutive visits after 3 months, IOP≤5 mm Hg on 2 consecutive visits after 3 months, reoperation for glaucoma, removal of implant, or loss of light perception vision.

Results:
Mean follow-up duration was 33.2±6.9 months. There was significant reduction in IOP (mean reduction, 25.9%; P<0.001) and number of IOP-lowering medications (mean reduction, 77.8%; P<0.001) at 3 years. Absolute failure rate was 23.9% at 3 years with no difference between eyes with or without previous trabeculectomy and between eyes with primary or secondary glaucoma. Occurrence of postoperative hyphema was a significant risk factor for failure. The commonest postoperative complications were hyphema and tube exposure.

Conclusions:
At 3 years after AGV surgery in Asian eyes, less than one-quarter of the eyes fulfilled the criteria for surgical failure.
Reduction of Intraocular Pressure by Additional Trabeculotomy Ab Externo in Eyes With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Otsu Yayoi , Matsuoka Masato , Koshibu Kayo , Miwa Kayako , Kuro Maki , Minamino Keizo , Takahashi Kanji , Nishimura Tetsuya 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a second trabeculotomy (LOT) can reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) that had undergone an unsuccessful LOT as the initial surgery.

Patients and Methods:
LOT ab externo was performed as a second surgery on 37 eyes of 34 POAG patients who had undergone an unsuccessful LOT as the initial surgery. The main outcome measure was the postoperative IOPs, and surgical failures were defined as eyes with a post-LOT IOP>20 mm Hg. The eyes were divided into 3 groups; those that underwent LOT as both the initial and additional surgery (L-L group), those that underwent LOT as the initial surgery and combined LOT and cataract surgery (cLOT-IOL) as the additional surgery (L-cL group), and those that underwent cLOT-IOL as the initial surgery and LOT as the additional surgery (cL-L group).

Results:
The IOP was reduced after the additional LOT at postoperative 24 months in the L-L group from 20.0±3.0 mm Hg to 15.3±2.6 mm Hg (P<0.001), the L-cL group from 19.8±1.6 mm Hg to 15.8±3.2 mm Hg (P=0.029), and the cL-L group from 20.1±2.7 mm Hg to 15.5±2.3 mm Hg (P=0.014). There were no differences in the preoperative and postoperative IOPs between the initial-operated and additional-operated eyes. The success rates were improved by the additional surgery in the L-L group (P<0.001) and the L-cL group (P=0.029), but the rate was worsened in the cL-L group (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
These results indicate that LOT is a reasonable choice as an additional glaucoma surgery after failure of an initial LOT.