bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destruction of C2H4O2 isomers in ice-phase by X-rays: Implication on the abundance of acetic acid and methyl formate in the interstellar medium
Authors: Rachid Marina G. , Faquine K. , Pilling S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractC2H4O2 isomers, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and glycoaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), have been detected in a lot of sources in ISM. However, their abundances are very different, with methyl formate much more abundant than the other two isomers. This fact may be related to the different destruction by ionizing radiation of these molecules. The goal of this work is experimentally study the photodissociation processes of methyl formate and acetic acid ices when exposed to broadband soft X-ray from 6 up to 2000 eV. The experiments were performed coupled to the SGM beamline in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM) at Campinas, Brazil. The simulated astrophysical ices (12K) were monitored throughout the experiment using infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of processed ices allowed the determination of the effective destruction cross sections of the parent molecules as well as the effective formation cross section of daughter molecular species. The relative abundance between acetic acid and methyl formate (NCH3COOH/NHCOOCH3) in different astronomical scenarios and their column density evolution in the presence of X-rays were calculated and our results suggests that such radiation field can be one of the factors that explain the difference in the isomers C2H4O2 abundances. We also quantified the daugther species after the establishment of a chemical equilibrium in the samples.
Measuring Success: Improving Assessments of Aggregate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Goals
Authors: Jeffery M. Louise , Gütschow Johannes , Rocha Marcia R. , Gieseke Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong‐term success of the Paris Agreement will depend on the effectiveness of the instruments that it sets in place. Key among these are the nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which elaborate country‐specific goals for mitigating and adapting to climate change. One role of the academic community and civil society in supporting the Paris Agreement is to assess the consistency between the near‐term action under NDCs and the agreement's long‐term goals, thereby providing insight into the chances of long‐term success. Here we assess the strengths and weaknesses of current methods to estimate the effectiveness of the mitigation component of NDCs and identify the scientific and political advances that could be made to improve confidence in evaluating NDCs against the long‐term goals. Specifically, we highlight (1) the influence of post‐2030 assumptions on estimated 21st century warming, (2) uncertainties arising from the lack of published integrated assessment modeling scenarios with long‐term, moderate effort reflecting a continuation of the current political situation, and (3) challenges in using a carbon budget approach. We further identify aspects that can be improved in the coming years: clearer communication regarding the meaning, likelihood, and timeframe of NDC consistent warming estimates; additional modeling of long‐term, moderate action scenarios; and the identification of metrics for assessing progress that are not based solely on emissions, such as infrastructure investment, energy demand, or installed power capacity.
An Extended Semianalytical Approach for Thermoelasticity of Monoclinic Crystals: Application to Diopside
Authors: Zou Fan , Wu Zhongqing , Wang Wenzhong , Wentzcovitch Renata M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere we extend a semianalytical method to compute thermoelastic properties of materials (Wu & Wentzcovitch, ) to monoclinic systems and apply it to diopside (MgCaSi2O6), a mineral with monoclinic symmetry and an end‐member of clinopyroxene. Using ab initio results for structural and vibrational properties, we obtain the density, the elastic tensor, single crystal elastic anisotropies, and seismic wave velocities of diopside over a wide pressure and temperature range. Our results agree well with previous available experimental results. Compared with other minerals in the upper mantle, clinopyroxene has the lowest P wave velocity (VP) and S wave velocity (VS) at depths greater than 240 km. Combining our results with elastic properties of other major upper‐mantle minerals obtained by previous studies, we estimate the density and wave velocity profiles of a pyrolitic mantle in the depth range of 220–400 km, where pyroxene is gradually dissolved into garnet. The obtained profiles agree well with seismic models (PREM and AK135) supporting the notion of a pyrolitic upper mantle.
One‐Dimensional Turbulence‐Ecosystem Model Reveals the Triggers of the Spring Bloom in Mesoscale Eddies
Authors: Maúre E. R. , Ishizaka J. , Aiki H. , Mino Y. , Yoshie N. , Goes J. I. , Gomes H. R. , Tomita H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA lower trophic ecosystem model coupled with a one‐dimensional physical turbulence closure model was applied to study phytoplankton dynamics and spring bloom initiation in mesoscale anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs). The model simulated ecosystem dynamics between nutrient‐phytoplankton‐zooplankton‐detritus in AEs and CEs, while the physical model provided the seasonal cycle of convective turbulent mixing. The study was motivated by earlier work based on satellite and ship observations, which showed earlier initiation of the spring blooms in CEs with shallow mixed‐layer depths than in AEs with deeper mixed‐layer depths. The model results supported the hypothesis that mixed‐layer depths in eddies play an important role in the dynamics of the spring bloom initiation. Model results revealed that in AEs convective mixing causes light limitation for phytoplankton growth due to deep winter mixing, and the bloom initiation is delayed until relaxation of turbulent convective mixing. Conversely, in the shallow mixed‐layer CEs, blooms initiate before the end of convective mixing due to early improvement in light conditions following the increase in solar radiation. Furthermore, the model showed that the relaxation in zooplankton grazing for the deep mixing contributed to weak winter phytoplankton accumulation in AE, while winter phytoplankton accumulation was faster in the shallow mixed‐layer CE. Overall, the initiation mechanism and the dynamics of the spring phytoplankton blooms are different for AEs and CEs. Therefore, we suggest that, in many parts of the global ocean, eddies play an important role regulating the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms.
The Contribution of Local Wind and Ocean Circulation to the Interannual Variability in Coastal Upwelling Intensity in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Shu Yeqiang , Wang Dongxiao , Feng Ming , Geng Binxu , Chen Ju , Yao Jinglong , Xie Qiang , Liu Qin‐Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing in situ data, satellite observations, and model outputs, we analyzed the interannual variability in coastal upwelling intensity in the northern South China Sea. Comparing coastal upwelling observed from three cruises during the summers of 2008 and 2016, we found that coastal upwelling was stronger during 2016 compared to 2008, although the local upwelling favorable wind was stronger in 2008. The stronger near‐bottom cross‐shelf current and shallower thermocline in the slope resulted in stronger upwelling intensity during the summer of 2016. The topographic position index (TPI), which is defined by the sea surface temperature difference between one center cell and its neighbors, was used to quantify the interannual variability in upwelling. Stronger (weaker) upwelling intensity occurred during the summers of 2007, 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2016 (2004, 2009, 2012, and 2014) when the local wind was more favorable (less favorable) to coastal upwelling. The correlation coefficient between the area‐weighted TPI and alongshore wind speed was −0.60, thereby confirming that local wind is the primary dynamical factor controlling the interannual variability in upwelling intensity. The correlation coefficient between the area‐weighted TPI and the eastward boundary current transport averaged between the 75‐ and 100‐m isobaths on the shelf was −0.42, indicating that the interannual variability in large‐scale circulation in the northern South China Sea also contributes to the interannual variability in upwelling intensity. The anomalously shallow thermocline in the summer of 2016 was likely associated with the strong 2015–2016 El Niño event through planetary wave propagations.
Deep Unsaturated Zone Contributions to Carbon Cycling in Semiarid Environments
Authors: Wan Jiamin , Tokunaga Tetsu K. , Dong Wenming , Williams Kenneth H. , Kim Yongman , Conrad Mark E. , Bill Markus , Riley William J. , Hubbard Susan S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding terrestrial carbon cycling has relied primarily on studies of topsoils that are typically characterized to depths shallower than 0.5 m. At a semiarid site instrumented down to 7 m, we measured seasonal‐ and depth‐resolved carbon inventories and fluxes and groundwater and unsaturated zone flow rates. Measurements showed that ~30% of the CO2efflux to the atmosphere (60% in winter) originates from below 1 m, contrary to predictions of less than 1% by Earth System Model land modules. Respiration from deeper roots and deeper microbial communities is supported by favorable subsurface temperatures, moisture, and oxygen availability. Below 1 m, dissolved organic carbon fluxes from the overlying soil and C from deep roots and exudates are expected to be important in sustaining microbial respiration. Because these conditions are characteristic of semiarid climate regions, we contend that Earth System Model land modules should incorporate such deeper soil processes to improve CO2flux predictions.
Mitochondrial DNA 3243A>T mutation in a patient with MELAS syndrome
Authors: Ikeda Takahiro , Osaka Hitoshi , Shimbo Hiroko , Tajika Makiko , Yamazaki Masayo , Ueda Ayako , Murayama Kei , Yamagata Takanori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractApproximately 80% of cases of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) harbor a heteroplasmic m.3243A>G transition in the tRNALeu (UUR) (MTTL1) gene. We report a MELAS case with a rare heteroplasmic m.3243A>T mutation found by direct sequencing of MTTL1. This mutation has been previously reported in 5 cases, of which 2 cases had the MELAS phenotype. Our case also strengthens the hypothesis that the m.3243A>T mutation can cause the MELAS phenotype.
Small membranous proteins of the TorE/NapE family, crutches for cognate respiratory systems in Proteobacteria
Authors: Lemaire Olivier N. , Infossi Pascale , Ali Chaouche Amine , Espinosa Leon , Leimkühler Silke , Giudici-Orticoni Marie-Thérèse , Méjean Vincent , Iobbi-Nivol Chantal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this report, we investigate small proteins involved in bacterial alternative respiratory systems that improve the enzymatic efficiency through better anchorage and multimerization of membrane components. Using the small protein TorE of the respiratory TMAO reductase system as a model, we discovered that TorE is part of a subfamily of small proteins that are present in proteobacteria in which they play a similar role for bacterial respiratory systems. We reveal by microscopy that, in Shewanella oneidensis MR1, alternative respiratory systems are evenly distributed in the membrane contrary to what has been described for Escherichia coli. Thus, the better efficiency of the respiratory systems observed in the presence of the small proteins is not due to a specific localization in the membrane, but rather to the formation of membranous complexes formed by TorE homologs with their c-type cytochrome partner protein. By an in vivo approach combining Clear Native electrophoresis and fluorescent translational fusions, we determined the 4:4 stoichiometry of the complexes. In addition, mild solubilization of the cytochrome indicates that the presence of the small protein reinforces its anchoring to the membrane. Therefore, assembly of the complex induced by this small protein improves the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Two-wavelength infrared responsive hydrogel actuators containing rare-earth photothermal conversion particles
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Era Hiroshi , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo-wavelength infrared responsive soft actuators composed of rare-earth-oxide particles composited in a thermoresponsive hydrogel have been constructed. Because Nd2O3 and Yb2O3 particles possess independent narrow infrared adsorption at 808 and 980 nm, respectively, the vicinity of the particles in the gel can be individually heated by irradiation at each adsorption wavelength, inducing a local volume phase transition. The wavelength-selective volume phase transition can be controlled based on the combination of the particles incorporated in the gels and the wavelength of the irradiation laser at the optimized water temperature. Only the alternatively correct combinations successfully induced selective local clouding at the irradiation spots in the gel sheets. The original transparency of the gel was immediately recovered by turning off the light. Furthermore, rod-shaped block gels with Nd2O3 and Yb2O3 particles separately arranged on the left and right sides at the bottom of the rods were prepared to demonstrate wavelength-selective bending motion. The correct light combination caused reversible bending motion of only the side of the rod gel with the corresponding adsorbed particles.
The critical role of amygdala subnuclei in nociceptive and depressive-like behaviors in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Seno Midiã D. J. , Assis Danielle V. , Gouveia Flávia , Antunes Geiza F. , Kuroki Mayra , Oliveira Caroline C. , Santos Lennon C. T. , Pagano Rosana L. , Martinez Raquel C. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe amygdala is an important component of the limbic system that participates in the control of the pain response and modulates the affective-motivational aspect of pain. Neuropathic pain is a serious public health problem and has a strong affective-motivational component that makes it difficult to treat. The central (CeA), basolateral (BLA) and lateral (LA) nuclei of the amygdala are involved in the processing and regulation of chronic pain. However, the roles of these nuclei in the maintenance of neuropathic pain, anxiety and depression remain unclear. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of amygdala subnuclei in the modulation of neuropathic pain, including the affective-motivational axis, in an experimental model of peripheral neuropathy. The specific goals were as follows: (1) To evaluate the nociceptive responses and the patterns of activation of the CeA, BLA and LA in neuropathic rats; and (2) To evaluate the effect of inactivating the amygdala nuclei on the nociceptive response, anxiety and depressive behaviors, motor activity, and plasma stress hormones in animals with neuropathic pain. Thus, mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia, and the pattern of c-Fos staining in the amygdala subnuclei were evaluated in rats with chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve, as well as sham-operated and naïve rats. Once the amygdala subnuclei involved in neuropathic pain response were defined, those subnuclei were pharmacological inactivated. The effect of muscimol inactivation on the nociceptive response (hyperalgesia and allodynia), anxiety (elevated plus-maze), depressive-like behavior (forced swim test), motor activity (open field), and plasma stress hormone levels (corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone) were evaluated in sham-operated and neuropathic animals. The results showed that the anterior and posterior portions of the BLA and the central portion of the CeA are involved in controlling neuropathic pain. The inactivation of these nuclei reversed hyperalgesia, allodynia and depressive-like behavior in animals with peripheral neuropathy. Taken together, our findings improve our understanding of the neurocircuitry involved in persistent pain and the roles of specific amygdala subnuclei in the modulation of neuropathic pain, including the neurocircuitry that processes the affective-motivational component of pain.
Endoskopische Sinuschirurgie: Checkliste hilft Problemfälle
vorab zu entdecken
Authors: Scheckenbach Kathrin 
Published: September 2018

Error M et al. Single-Blinded Prospective Implementation of a Preoperative
Imaging Checklist for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018;
158: 177–180
Amerikanische HNO-Ärzt/innen untersuchten, ob die Einführung einer
präoperativen radiologischen Checkliste die Identifizierung von kritischen
Variationen in der Anatomie der Nasennebenhöhlen bei Patienten verbessert,
die sich einer endoskopischen Sinuschirurgie unterziehen.
Die minimal-invasive Cochlea-Implantation – Chirurgische Machbarkeit und erste klinische Erfahrungen
Authors: Di Martino Ercole F.N. , v. Hesberg Jakob W.G. , Chatzakos Alkiviades , Megerle Michael , Hinder Raffael 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: In den vergangenen Jahren wurden die Indikationen zur Cochleaimplantation ausgeweitet und gleichzeitig schonendere operative Vorgehensweisen
entwickelt.
Methoden und Patienten: Das hier vorgestellte und von uns entwickelte Verfahren kombiniert eine verkürzte retroauriculäre Hautinzision von 25 mm Länge mit
einer Reduzierung der Mastoidbohrung, der konsequenten Nutzung des Rundfensterzugangs und der Bohrung einer temporalen Implantatmulde (sog. Bremer Zugang). In
der vorliegenden Arbeit werden erste Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse mit einem minimal-invasiven Vorgehen (MiCI) bei n = 31Patienten im Alter zwischen 9–79 Jahren
berichtet.
Ergebnisse: Es gelang die Länge des retroauriculären Hautschnitts auf im Mittel 29,7 mm, die Fläche der Mastoidbohrung auf 20mm2 und die
Verweildauer um 0,55 Tage zu reduzieren. Es zeigte sich eine signifikante Lernkurve bei der Verkürzung der OP-Zeiten (p < 0.03). Die Frequenz und Art der
Komplikationen entsprach der eines konventionellen Vorgehens.
Schlußfolgerung: Die minimal-invasive Cochleaimplantation ist eine zuverlässige und sichere Methode zur Implantatversorgung.
Neuroprotective Efficacy of Clitoria Ternacea Root Extract on Hippocampal CA3 Neurons – A Quantitative Study in Mice
Authors: Hemamalini Shetty , Rao Muddanna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Clitoria ternatea is a vigorous, herbaceous perennial legume that belongs to the Fabaceae family. All parts of the plant are used in the preparations of Ayurvedic drugs. It is an astringent, an aphrodisiac, a rejuvenator, and a brain tonic. It also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Baidyanath Shankapushpi, which contains extracts of herbs such as C. ternatea, Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus, is clinically administered for memory improvement, blood purification and to improve digestion. However, its neuroprotective effect has not been reported so far. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of C. ternatea root (CTR) extract on hippocampal CA3 neurons was investigated. Three-month-old albino mice were divided into four groups. Group I was the normal control, group II was the saline control, group III was the stress group, and group IV was the stress + CTR-treated group. Group-III mice were stressed in a wire mesh restrainer for 6 hours/day for 6 weeks. Grou-IV mice were also stressed like group III, but received CTR extract orally throughout the stress period. After 6 weeks, their brain was removed, and their hippocampi were dissected and processed for Golgi staining. The hippocampal neurons were traced using a camera lucida focused at 400x magnification. The Sholl concentric circle method was used to quantify the dendrites. The results showed a decrease in the number of dendritic branching points and of dendritic intersections in the stressed group. On the other hand, there was an increase in the number of dendritic branching points and of dendritic intersections of hippocampal CA3 neurons in group IV, which was subjected to restraint stress and was treated with the CTR extract. The results showed that the oral administration of CTR significantly increased the dendritic branching points and the dendritic intersections of hippocampal CA3 neurons.
Mentale Begriffe und Theory of Mind bei Vorschulkindern mit und ohne spezifische Sprachentwicklungsstörung
Authors: Jester Melanie 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Erwerb mentaler Begriffe verläuft bei Kindern mit normaler Sprachentwicklung (nSE) phasenhaft und parallel zu ihrer Theory of Mind (ToM)-Entwicklung, die zentral für soziale Interaktion ist. Ziel der Studie war es, die Spontansprache von deutschsprachigen Vorschulkindern mit und ohne spezifische Sprachentwicklungsstörung (SSES) auf ihren Gebrauch mentaler Begriffe zu analysieren und auf mögliche Zusammenhänge mit ihrem ToM-Verständnis zu untersuchen. Das ToM-Verständnis von jeweils 22 Kindern mit und ohne SSES wurde getestet und die Spontansprache auf mentale Begriffe untersucht. Kinder mit SSES schnitten schlechter bei ToM-Aufgaben ab und verwendeten weniger mentale Begriffe als Kinder mit nSE. Es gab eine signifikante partielle Korrelation zwischen ToM-Leistungen und dem Gebrauch mentaler Begriffe bei Kindern mit nSE, aber nicht bei Kindern mit SSES. Im Vergleich zur gleichaltrigen Kontrollgruppe scheinen Kinder mit SSES in ihrer ToM-Entwicklung verzögert zu sein.
Detailed Sonographic Anatomy of Dorsal Hand Augmentation With Hyaluronic Acid and Calcium Hydroxyapatite Fillers
Authors: Kim Jong Seo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Volume restoration using filler in the dorsum of the hand is a simple and effective procedure to improve wrinkles and hide veins and tendons. Currently, calcium-hydroxyapatite (CaHA) filler is the only FDA-accepted material to use in the hand dorsum. However, it is not easy to inject due to swelling and redness. In addition, hand anatomy through sonography is wrongly described in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® Journal. Through incorrect marking in sonographic hand anatomy, physicians will conduct erroneous procedures and surgeries.

Objectives
CaHA filler and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler were both injected into the hand to compare intra-individually the effect of each filler. Through this study, the author introduced detailed and refined sonographic anatomy. Overall, the author identified the correct injection method and depth.

Methods
In this prospective, intra-individual, comparative study, patients were injected 1 cc of CaHA filler to the left hand and 3 cc (36 mg) of microphasic hyaluronic acid to the right. Outcomes were assessed by Merz hand grading scale, skin bio-parameters, dermascopic finding, and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) with follow-up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Results
The average GAIS score improved in both hands and generally maintained over the course of the study. There was significantly more bruising and swelling in the CaHA-injected hands compared with the HA-injected hands. The skin roughness and appearance improved in both sets of hands on dermascope. The average Trans-Epidermal-Water-Loss decreased and the average Stratum Corneum Hydration increased in HA-injected hands. The biopsy study showed that the HA particles lasted for 9 months.

Conclusions
The author reestablished sonographic anatomy. Veins and tendons became less apparent after injections.

Level of Evidence: 2
Tetracyclines for Treatment of Tularemia: A Case Series
Authors: Rojas-Moreno C , Bhartee H , Vasudevan A , Adiga R , Salzer W 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Tetracyclines for tularemia have been associated with higher failure rates. There were 48 cases of tularemia at the University of Missouri between 1988 and 2015. We retrospectively analyzed 17 patients with tularemia who were successfully treated with tetracyclines, and 9 of these patients also underwent aspiration or incision and drainage.