bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO2 and O4 during CINDI-2
Authors: Peters Enno , Ostendorf Mareike , Bösch Tim , Seyler André , Schönhardt Anja , Schreier Stefan F. , Henzing Jeroen Sebastiaan , Wittrock Folkard , Richter Andreas , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Burrows John P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A novel imaging-DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instrument IMPACT (Imaging MaPper for AtmospheriC observaTions) is presented combining full-azimuthal pointing (360∘) with a large vertical coverage (∼41∘). Complete panoramic scans are acquired at a temporal resolution of ∼15 min, enabling the retrieval of NO2 vertical profiles over the entire panorama around the measurement site. IMPACT showed excellent agreement (correlation >99 %) with coincident multiaxis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) measurements during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) campaign. The temporal variability of NO2 slant columns within a typical MAX-DOAS vertical scanning sequence could be resolved and was as large as 20 % in a case study under good viewing conditions. The variation of corresponding profiles and surface concentrations was even larger (40 %). This variability is missed when retrieving trace gas profiles based on standard MAX-DOAS measurements. The azimuthal distribution of NO2 around the measurement site showed inhomogeneities (relative differences) up to 120 % (on average 35 %) on short timescales (individual panoramic scans). This is more than expected for the semirural location. We explain this behavior by the transport of pollution. Exploiting the instrument's advantages, the plume's trajectory during a prominent transport event could be reconstructed. Finally, the potential for retrieving information about the aerosol phase function from O4 slant columns along multiple almucantar scans of IMPACT is demonstrated, with promising results for future studies.
Conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre as disfunções temporomandibulares no município de Sobral, Ceará
Authors: Oliveira Millane Teles Portela de , Freitas Neto Luiz Genésio , Da Silva Raul Anderson Domingues Alves , Teixeira Ana Karine Macedo , Farias Mariana Ramalho de , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos 
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) no município de Sobral, Ceará. Materiais e Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional transversal, quantitativa, realizada entre janeiro e março de 2014. Foram avaliados 158 ACS que responderam um questionário composto por 10 questões sociodemográficas e 16 perguntas relacionadas ao conhecimento sobre DTMs. A análise estatística foi realizada no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 17.0, por meio dos testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher, com significância de 5%. Resultados: observou-se que 73,4% dos ACS desconhecem as DTMs e 83,5% nunca receberam ensinamento sobre o tema. Dos ACS que tinham recebido ensinamento, 100% identificaram alguma possível causa de DTMs; dos que tinham ensino médio completo, 33,6% identificaram pelo menos um sintoma de DTMs. Conclusão: os ACS com maior grau de instrução e que receberam capacitação prévia são os que mais conhecem e, consequentemente, melhor identificam causas e consequências das DTMs, orientando o paciente adequadamente. Evidencia-se, portanto, o desconhecimento desses agentes sobre as DTMs, justificando-se a necessidade de realizar capacitações com esses indivíduos, para que tenham um maior conhecimento sobre o assunto e possam orientar corretamente a população.
Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Transistors—Powerful Research Tools and Their Future Applications
Authors: Kahmann Simon , Shulga Artem , Loi Maria A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this progress report, the recent work in the field of light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) based on colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as emitters is highlighted. These devices combine the possibility of electrical switching, as known from field‐effect transistors, with the possibility of light emission in a single device. The properties of field‐effect transistors and the prerequisites of LEFETs are reviewed, before motivating the use of colloidal quantum dots for light emission. Recent reports on these quantum dot light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (QDLEFETs) include both materials emitting in the near infrared and the visible spectral range—underlining the great potential and breadth of applications for QDLEFETs. The way in which LEFETs can further the understanding of the CQD material properties—their photophysics as well as the carrier transport through films—is discussed. In addition, an overview of technology areas offering the potential for large impact is provided.
Addressable, Stretchable Heating Silicone Sheets
Authors: Bilodeau R. Adam , Yuen Michelle C. , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch into new active materials for soft robots has generated promising new thermally responsive materials for functions such as variable stiffness, on‐demand shape change, and actuation. These new thermally responsive materials require a form of addressable thermal control that is compliance‐matched to its host system. In response to this need, this work presents stretchable, addressable heating silicone sheets that can control soft, thermally responsive materials. The sheets are created using layer‐by‐layer deposition of a bulk conductive elastomer that can be Joule heated, with embedded liquid–metal microchannels used as electrodes. This combination allows the bulk, addressed material to be stretched and twisted while in operation. Local, addressable heating is demonstrated in a silicone‐based composite that is capable of cyclic strains of up to 40%, while still self‐heating to over 100 °C. The heating sheets are demonstrated as a thermal control platform in both color changing and stretch‐and‐hold operations using all silicone‐based composites. Additionally, this platform is bonded to a variable‐stiffness polymer that, with its selective heating capability, enables folding at targeted locations.
Self‐Organized Periodic Crystallization in Unconventional Glass Created by an Ultrafast Laser for Optical Attenuation in the Broadband Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tan Dezhi , Liu Xiaofeng , Tong Limin , Kazansky Peter G. , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe construction of functional photonic structures in transparent solids for various applications, such as 3D displays, optical information processing, and tunable lasers, is of great scientific and technological importance. Here, self‐assembled crystallite‐based grating nanostructures are created in an unconventional multicomponent glass with an ultrafast laser. The novel nanogratings are organized as periodically assembled crystalline and amorphous phases, exhibiting strong polarization‐dependent birefringence. The Ta2O5 component in the glass strongly contributes to the creation of nanogratings. Furthermore, a picosecond laser rather than a femtosecond laser is established to more suitably create nanogratings in the target glass, proving the critical role of thermal accumulation during nanoscale crystallization. Finally, nanogratings are demonstrated to be broadband variable near‐infrared optical attenuators with a high attenuation ratio, indicating the potential application of nanogratings in optical information processing at communication wavelengths. These findings provide new directions for fabricating nanogratings in functional glasses for advanced integrated photonics and offer information for revealing the mechanism of nanograting formation.
Recent Advances in Hybrid Optical Materials: Integrating Nanoparticles within a Glass Matrix
Authors: Wei Yunle , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Zhao Jiangbo (Tim) 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlass containing optically active nanoparticles have been manufactured for centuries. However, only in the early 1900s, the invention of ultramicroscope and development of Mie theory paved the way to discovering the occurrence of nanoparticles in glass and their special role in imparting unique optical properties to glass. This groundbreaking insight inspired scientists to extensively research such nanoparticles‐in‐glass hybrid optical materials, which led to a series of fundamental breakthroughs (e.g., invention of glass ceramics, discovery of quantum dots) and commercial successes (e.g., photosensitive glass, photochromic glass, dichromic polarizer). Over the past decades, a new wave of research in this area has been initiated by opportunities of incorporating a large variety of synthetic nanoparticles in glass, which promises the development of advanced functional devices for lighting, display, smart window, data storage, and sensing applications. Recent development of various approaches of fabricating nanoparticles‐in‐glass hybrid optical materials and postmodifying nanoparticles that are embedded in glass is reviewed. The state‐of‐the‐art techniques relevant to controlling the dispersion, distribution, orientation, and nanostructure of nanoparticles in glass, as well as manipulating the macroscopic performance of the hybrid materials are discussed. Examples of applications with promising pathway to commercially viable devices based on hybrid optical materials are outlined.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrophosphorylation of Ynamides: A Facile Approach to (Z)‐β‐Phosphor‐Enamides
Authors: Peng Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhenming , Zeng Xianzhu , Tu Yongliang , Zhao Junfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe first trans‐selective β‐hydrophosphorylation of ynamides, which provides a facile approach to (Z)‐β‐phosphor‐enamide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity, is described. This transition‐metal‐free reaction is featured with operationally simple procedure, mild reaction conditions, readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope and good functional‐group tolerance. It is noted that the (Z)‐β‐phosphor (V)‐enamides can be prepared from the oxidation of the corresponding phosphine derivatives or the direct β‐hydrophosphorylation of ynamides with diphenylphosphine oxide. In addition, cis‐trans isomerization of (Z)‐β‐phosphor (V)‐enamides can be easily realized to furnish the corresponding (E)‐β‐phosphor (V)‐enamides. This advantageous feature enables the preparation of (Z)‐β‐phosphor (V)‐enamides as well as (E)‐β‐phosphor (V)‐enamides from the same starting materials.magnified image
Interfacial Incompatibility and Internal Stresses in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: He Yanming , Lu Chuanyang , Liu Shan , Zheng Wenjian , Luo Jiayan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are electrochemical storage device widely applied in electric vehicles, mobile electronic devices, etc. However, traditional LIBs containing liquid electrolytes suffer from flammability, poor electrochemical stability, and limited operational temperature range. Replacement of the liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) would solve this problem. However, several critical issues, such as poor interfacial compatibility, low ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures, etc., need to be surmounted before the commercialization of all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs). In this review, a brief historical context for the inorganic SSEs is described first. Then, two critical issues in the ASSLIBs are highlighted: interfacial incompatibility of the electrodes and SSEs and internal stresses. For the interfacial incompatibility, the discussion is focused on the dynamic characterization of the electrode/SSE interfaces, the origin and evolution of the interfacial resistance, and interface engineering to minimize the interfacial resistance. The internal stresses in the ASSLIBs are another major concern because rigid contacts are introduced. Stress generation, stress evolution during battery cycling, stress measurement/simulation, and ways to alleviate the stresses are outlined in detail. Finally, current challenges and perspectives for future development of the inorganic SSEs and ASSLIBs are outlined.
Generation and Applications of the Hydroxide Trihydrate Anion, [OH(OH2)3]−, Stabilized by a Weakly Coordinating Cation
Authors: Weitkamp Robin F. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe reaction of a strongly basic phosphazene (Schwesinger base) with water afforded the corresponding metastable hydroxide trihydrate [OH(OH2)3]− salt. This is the first hydroxide solvate that is not in contact with a cation and furthermore one of rare known water‐stabilized hydroxide anions. Thermolysis in vacuum results in the decomposition of the hydroxide salt and quantitative liberation of the free phosphazene base. This approach was used to synthesize the Schwesinger base from its hydrochloride salt after anion exchange in excellent yields of over 97 %. This deprotonation method can also be used for the phosphazene‐base‐catalyzed preparation of the Ruppert–Prakash reagent Me3SiCF3 using fluoroform (HCF3) as the trifluoromethyl building block and sodium hydroxide as the formal deprotonation agent.
Preparation, thermal and mechanical properties of poly (ether‐imide) composite reinforced with carbon nanotube buckypaper
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno , Corredor Jefersson A. R. , Ardila Laura , Santos Luis F. P. , Costa Michelle L. , Rezende Mirabel C. , Botelho Edson C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTVacuum filtration technique was employed in order to prepare multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypapers (MWCNT‐BP) through a well‐dispersed suspension of MWCNT/H2O with the aid of Triton X‐100 surfactant. The obtained BP (buckypaper) was then infiltrated with a solution of poly (ether‐imide) (PEI) under vacuum conditions. The visual inspection demonstrated the importance of the centrifugation procedure before the vacuum filtration of the suspension, revealing a smooth surface of the as‐prepared buckypaper. Thermogravimetric experiments (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy analyses have demonstrated the role of isopropyl alcohol in the removal of Triton X‐100 from the nanotube network. SEM observations of the cross‐section view of the samples revealed a porous network of the fabricated BP, and an impregnated structure of the PEI/BP composite, suggesting a good interfacial bonding between MWCNT and PEI. Moreover, significant improvements were achieved in mechanical and thermal properties of PEI matrix by the incorporation of BP, as the increase of both the storage modulus (42%) and the T
g (11 °C) for the PEI/BP composite. TGA have shown a significant increase in the onset decomposition temperature of the polymer by the incorporation of the BP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48330.
The effect of resin formulation on the cellular morphology and mechanical properties of phenolic foams
Authors: Ziarati Hossein Bagheri , Fasihi Mohammad , Omranpour Hosseinali 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the effects of blowing agent concentration, surfactant, and resin viscosity on the cellular structure, density, and compressive strength of phenolic foams were investigated. The mechanism of foaming was studied by thermal analyses, as well. The scanning electron microscopy was performed to investigate the morphology of foams. The presence of surfactant was essential to obtain a foam structure. By increasing the amount of blowing agent in the formulation, the bubbles became larger. The variation of the resin viscosity had the sharp effect on the cell size and its distribution so that the cell size dropped from 108 to 77 μm in the sample with the highest viscosity. The mechanical properties were significantly affected by foam structure as well as the cell uniformity. By decreasing the average cell sizes, the compression strength and modulus were improved up to more than 60%. Finally, the optimum values for viscosity of resin and, blowing agent, and surfactant concentrations were obtained. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48331.
Aspects of reproducibility and stability for partial cure of epoxy matrix resin
Authors: Müller Michael , Winkler Anja , Gude Maik , Jäger Hubert 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPartial cure of thermosets is a promising approach to enhance manufacturing possibilities of reinforced and unreinforced polymers. If partial cure is taken into consideration as a genuine process parameter, novel manufacturing technologies can be developed by exploiting the specific properties of incomplete polymer networks. A main concern in this context is to control the kinetic reaction avoiding inhomogeneous or instable degrees of cure. Based on a combination of numerical simulations and experiments, a methodology is presented that enables a systematic assessment of the reproducibility and stability of partial cure. Special attention is paid to the interaction of thermal boundary conditions and the cure kinetic of thick samples as well as the storability of partially cured resin under different conditions. Guidelines for cure cycle selection, mold design, and storage are derived. The possibility to use complex multistep cure schedules and extended storage periods is demonstrated for an unmodified noninhibited epoxy resin. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48342.
Cytokine rs361525, rs1800750, rs1800629, rs1800896, rs1800872, rs1800795, rs1800470, and rs2430561 SNPs in relation with prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bănescu Claudia , Tripon Florin , Trifa Adrian P. , Crauciuc Andrei G , Moldovan Valeriu G. , Bogliş Alina , Benedek Istvan , Dima Delia , Cândea Marcela , Duicu Carmen , Iancu Mihaela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCytokines were correlated with survival and disease progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to evaluate the multivariate effect of TNF‐α rs361525, rs1800750, rs1800629, IL‐10 rs1800896, rs1800872, IL‐6 rs1800795, TGF‐β1 rs1800470, IFN‐γ rs2430561 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on AML risk, the multivariate effect of SNPs on overall survival (OS) in AML and the association between the investigated SNPs and prognostic factors in AML.MethodsAll SNPs were genotyped in 226 adult AML cases and 406 healthy individuals. AML patients were investigated for FLT3 (ITD, D835), DNMT3A (R882), and NPM1 type A mutations.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that age above 65 years had a negative influence on survival (P < .001). The presence of the rs1800750 variant genotype (P = .005) or FLT3‐ITD mutation (P = .009) in a cytogenetic high‐risk group (P = .003) negatively influenced OS. A negative association was observed between Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group Scale status > 2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, platelet (PLT) count <40 000 cells/mm3, and OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of the rs1800750 variant genotype was a risk factor for death (P = .007), and that blast percentage, LDH level (≥600 IU/L), and cytogenetic high‐risk were independent significant predictors for death in AML (P = .04, corrected HR = 1.20; P = .022, corrected HR = 1.24; P = .021, corrected HR = 1.34, respectively).ConclusionsAge above 65 years, PLT count, TNF‐α rs1800750 variant genotype, blast percentage, LDH level, and cytogenetic high‐risk may be used as independent risk factors to assess AML mortality.
Citizen engagement in public services in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review of participation, inclusion, transparency and accountability (PITA) initiatives
Authors: Waddington Hugh , Sonnenfeld Ada , Finetti Juliette , Gaarder Marie , John Denny , Stevenson Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundHow do governance interventions that engage citizens in public service delivery planning, management and oversight impact the quality of and access to services and citizens’ quality of life? This systematic review examined high quality evidence from 35 citizen engagement programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries that promote the engagement of citizens in service delivery through four routes:participation(participatory priority setting);inclusionof marginalised groups;transparency(information on rights and public service performance), and/or citizen efforts to ensure public serviceaccountability(citizen feedback and monitoring); collectively, PITA mechanisms. We collected quantitative and qualitative data from the included studies and used statistical meta‐analysis and realist‐informed framework synthesis to analyse the findings.ResultsThe findings suggest that interventions promoting citizen engagement by improving direct engagement between service users and service providers, are often effective in stimulating active citizen engagement in service delivery and realising improvements in access to services and quality of service provision, particularly for services that involve direct interaction between citizens and providers. However, in the absence of complementary interventions to address bottlenecks around service provider supply chains and service use, citizen engagement interventions alone may not improve key wellbeing outcomes for target communities or state‐society relations. In addition, interventions promoting citizen engagement by increasing citizen pressures on politicians to hold providers to account, are not usually able to influence service delivery.ConclusionsThe citizen engagement interventions studied were more likely to be successful: (1) where the programme targeted a service that citizens access directly from front‐line staff, such as healthcare, as opposed to services accessed independently of service provider staff, such as roads; (2) where implementers were able to generate active support and buy‐in for the intervention from both citizens and front‐line public service staff and officials; and (3) where the implementation approach drew on and/or stimulated local capacity for collective action. From a research perspective, the review found few studies that investigated the impact of these interventions on women or other vulnerable groups within communities, and that rigorous impact evaluations often lack adequately transparent reporting, particularly of information on what interventions actually did and how conditions compared to those in comparison communities.