bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative systematic literature review
Authors: Bulthuis Susan E , Kok Maryse C , Raven Joanna , Dieleman Marjolein A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo achieve universal health coverage, the scale-up of high impact public health interventions is essential. However, scale-up is challenging and often not successful. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to provide insights into the factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Two databases were searched for studies with a qualitative research component. The GRADE-CERQual approach was applied to assess the confidence in the evidence for each key review finding. A multi-level perspective on transition was applied to ensure a focus on vertical scale-up for sustainability. According to this theory, changes in the way of organizing (structure), doing (practice) and thinking (culture) need to take place to ensure the scale-up of an intervention. Among the most prominent factors influencing scale-up through changes in structure was the availability of financial, human and material resources. Inadequate supply chains were often barriers to scale-up. Advocacy activities positively influenced scale-up, and changes in the policy environment hindered or facilitated scale-up. The most outstanding factors influencing scale-up through changes in practice were the availability of a strategic plan for scale-up and the way in which training and supervision was conducted. Furthermore, collaborations such as community participation and partnerships facilitated scale-up, as well as the availability of research and monitoring and evaluation data. Factors influencing scale-up through a change in culture were less prominent in the literature. While some studies articulated the acceptability of the intervention in a given sociocultural environment, more emphasis was placed on the importance of stakeholders feeling a need for a specific intervention to facilitate its scale-up. All identified factors should be taken into account when scaling up public health interventions in LMICs. The different factors are strongly interlinked, and most of them are related to one crucial first step: the development of a scale-up strategy before scaling up.
Exploring targeted preventive health checks in a socially disadvantaged neighborhood in Denmark
Authors: Møller Anne , Merrild Camilla Hoffmann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently studies have focused on how health promotion interventions sometimes sideline issues of social context, framing health as a matter of individual choice and, by implication, a personal responsibility. Part of this criticism is that health promotion interventions often do not draw on situated understandings of the contextual aspects of health and illness practices. Theoretically, this study departs in practice theory and contemporary public heath discussions on targeted health promotion. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 people living in a social housing association we explored the significance of participating in a preventive health check and how participation configured into everyday life. All participants in our study had been identified with a ‘risk’ health profile. Overall, we found that they were well aware of their health risks and challenges, and that they reflected a great deal on how their health status was intrinsically linked with their lifestyle and health practices, such as lack of exercise or smoking. The health checks were, however, not able to support or improve their general health, and did not seem to address the challenges the participants seemed to struggle with in life. By way of conclusion, we suggest that we implement a more practice-oriented form of public health that focus on the ‘lives’ that people live, and the problems that they face. Moreover, attention should be paid to how and to whom health promotion initiatives are offered, in order to ensure the relevance of targeted interventions.
Curcumin dietary supplementation ameliorates disease phenotype in an animal model of Huntington’s disease.
Authors: Elifani F , Amico E , Pepe G , Capocci L , Castaldo S , Rosa P , Montano E , Pollice A , Madonna M , Filosa S , Calogero A , Maglione V , Crispi S , Di Pardo A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) has traditionally been described as a disorder purely of the brain, however evidence indicates that peripheral abnormalities are also commonly seen. Among others, severe unintended body weight loss represents a prevalent and often debilitating feature of HD pathology, with no therapies available. It correlates with disease progression and significantly affects the quality of life of HD patients.
Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol with multiple therapeutic properties, has been validated to exert important beneficial effects under health conditions as well as in different pathological settings, including neurodegenerative and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.
Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic action that curcumin-supplemented diet may exert on central and peripheral dysfunctions in R6/2 mice, a well-characterized HD animal model which recapitulates some features of human pathology.
Maintenance of normal motor function, protection from neuropathology and from GI dysfunction, preservation of GI emptying, and conserved intestinal contractility, proved the beneficial role of life-long dietary curcumin in HD and corroborated the potential of the compound to be exploited to alleviate very debilitating symptoms associated with the disease.
Homeomorphisms of S1 and Factorization
Authors: Dalthorp Mark , Pickrell Doug 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For each $n&gt;0$ there is a one complex parameter family of homeomorphisms of the circle consisting of linear fractional transformations “conjugated by $z \to z^n$”. We show that these families are free of relations, which determines the structure of “the group of homeomorphisms of finite type”. We next consider factorization for more robust groups of homeomorphisms. We refer to this as root subgroup factorization (because the factors correspond to root subgroups). We are especially interested in how root subgroup factorization is related to triangular factorization (i.e., conformal welding) and correspondences between smoothness properties of the homeomorphisms and decay properties of the root subgroup parameters. This leads to interesting comparisons with Fourier series and the theory of Verblunsky coefficients.
Antibacterial properties and in vivo efficacy of a novel nitrofuran, IITR06144, against MDR pathogens
Authors: Bhando Timsy , Bhattacharyya Tapas , Gaurav Amit , Akhter Jawed , Saini Mahak , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Srivastava Santosh Kumar , Sen Himanshu , Navani Naveen K , Gupta Varsha , Biswas Debasis , Chaudhry Rama , Pathania Ranjana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe emergence of MDR Gram-negative pathogens and increasing prevalence of chronic infections presents an unmet need for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties of a small molecule, IITR06144, identified in a phenotypic screen against the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli.MethodsA small-molecule library of 10 956 compounds was screened for growth inhibition against E. coli ATCC 25922 at concentration 50 μM. MICs of lead compounds were determined by the broth microdilution method. Time–kill kinetics, anti-persister activity, spontaneous frequency of resistance, biofilm inhibition and disruption were assessed by standard protocols. Resistant mutants were generated by serial passaging followed by WGS. In vitro toxicity studies were carried out via the MTT assay. In vivo toxicity and efficacy in a mouse model were also evaluated.ResultsIITR06144 was identified as the most promising candidate amongst 29 other potential antibacterial leads, exhibiting the lowest MIC, 0.5 mg/L. IITR06144 belongs to the nitrofuran class and exhibited broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against most MDR bacteria, including the ‘priority pathogen’, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. IITR06144 retained its potency against nitrofurantoin-resistant clinical isolates. It displayed anti-persister, anti-biofilm activity and lack of spontaneous resistance development. IITR06144 demonstrated a large therapeutic index with no associated in vitro and in vivo toxicity.ConclusionsIn the light of excellent in vitro properties displayed by IITR06144 coupled with its considerable in vivo efficacy, further evaluation of IITR06144 as a therapeutic lead against antibiotic-resistant infections is warranted.
Tigecycline-non-susceptible hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yi-Hsiang , Huang Tzu-Wen , Juan Chih-Han , Chou Sheng-Hua , Tseng Yao-Yi , Chen Ting-Wen , Yang Tsuey-Ching , Lin Yi-Tsung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesEmergent antimicrobial-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is an important public health issue. We aimed to investigate resistance mechanisms and hypervirulent traits among tigecycline-non-susceptible (TNS) K. pneumoniae clinical strains, focusing on one hvKp strain with in vivo evolution of tigecycline resistance.MethodsTNS K. pneumoniae strains causing invasive diseases in a medical centre in Taiwan between July 2015 and April 2018 were collected. Resistance mechanisms were determined and hvKp strains were defined as rmpA/rmpA2-carrying strains. Isogenic strains with and without tigecycline resistance were subjected to WGS and in vivo virulence testing. Further, site-directed mutagenesis was used to confirm the resistance mechanism.ResultsIn total, 31 TNS K. pneumoniae strains were isolated, including six hypervirulent strains. Tigecycline resistance mechanisms were mostly caused by overexpression of AcrAB and OqxAB together with up-regulation of RamA or RarA, respectively. One TNS hypervirulent strain (KP1692; MIC=6 mg/L) derived from its tigecycline-susceptible counterpart (KP1677; MIC=0.75 mg/L) showed acrAB overexpression. WGS revealed four genetic variations between KP1677 and KP1692. In addition, using site-directed mutagenesis, we confirmed that a 1 bp insertion in the ramA upstream region (RamR-binding site), leading to ramA and acrAB overexpression in KP1692, was responsible for tigecycline resistance. The in vivo virulence experiment showed that the TNS hvKp strain KP1692 still retained its high virulence compared with KP1677.ConclusionshvKp strains accounted for 19.4% among TNS strains. We identified alterations in the ramA upstream region as a mechanism of in vivo tigecycline resistance development in an hvKp strain.
Mining Twitter to assess the determinants of health behavior toward human papillomavirus vaccination in the United States
Authors: Zhang Hansi , Wheldon Christopher , Dunn Adam G , Tao Cui , Huo Jinhai , Zhang Rui , Prosperi Mattia , Guo Yi , Bian Jiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The study sought to test the feasibility of using Twitter data to assess determinants of consumers’ health behavior toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination informed by the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM).

Materials and Methods
We used 3 Twitter datasets spanning from 2014 to 2018. We preprocessed and geocoded the tweets, and then built a rule-based model that classified each tweet into either promotional information or consumers’ discussions. We applied topic modeling to discover major themes and subsequently explored the associations between the topics learned from consumers’ discussions and the responses of HPV-related questions in the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

Results
We collected 2 846 495 tweets and analyzed 335 681 geocoded tweets. Through topic modeling, we identified 122 high-quality topics. The most discussed consumer topic is “cervical cancer screening”; while in promotional tweets, the most popular topic is to increase awareness of “HPV causes cancer.” A total of 87 of the 122 topics are correlated between promotional information and consumers’ discussions. Guided by IBM, we examined the alignment between our Twitter findings and the results obtained from HINTS. Thirty-five topics can be mapped to HINTS questions by keywords, 112 topics can be mapped to IBM constructs, and 45 topics have statistically significant correlations with HINTS responses in terms of geographic distributions.

Conclusions
Mining Twitter to assess consumers’ health behaviors can not only obtain results comparable to surveys, but also yield additional insights via a theory-driven approach. Limitations exist; nevertheless, these encouraging results impel us to develop innovative ways of leveraging social media in the changing health communication landscape.
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Communique: After-Hours Endoscopy Cart
Authors: Rai Mandip , Cooper Mary , Shulman Scott , Kottachchi Dan , Nelles Sandra , Macmillan Mark , Heitman Steven , Barkun Alan , Tse Frances , Hookey Lawrence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic procedures performed after-hours often require therapeutic interventions that are technically demanding for the endoscopist. The aim of this position paper is to provide guidance on the minimum standard of equipment that should be available on a mobile endoscopy cart for provision of a safe and effective after-hours emergency endoscopy service. The guidance is based on consensus among academic and community gastroenterologists in Canada.

Methods
A modified Delphi process was used to establish consensus among 9 participants. A list of statements was prepared by an expert panel of endoscopists. The statements were divided into three broad sections for what should be on an after-hours endoscopy cart including medications, nonendoscopic tools and therapeutic/diagnostic equipment. Consensus for being on the endoscopy cart was achieved when 75% or more of voting members indicated ‘agree’.

Results
For nonendoscopic tools, there was agreement for having sterile saline, sterile water, endoscope lubricant, various syringes, bite blocks (paediatric and adult size), a water pump with foot peddle, formalin jars for biopsy specimens, digital photo and printing capability and an overtube. For medications, there was agreement for having hyoscine butylbromide and epinephrine on the cart. For therapeutic/diagnostic tools, there was agreement for having biopsy forceps (standard and jumbo), polypectomy snares, sclerotherapy needles and agent (for a variceal bleed), band ligation kit, multipolar electrocautery probes, heater probe catheter, endoscopic clips, hemostatic powder and retrieval devices.

Interpretation
This position paper provides guidance on the minimum standard of items that should be on an after-hours endoscopy cart. Standardization of equipment may help improve safety and quality of after-hours endoscopic procedures.
The Many-Faced Consumer: Consumption Consequences of Balancing Multiple Identities
Authors: Saint Clair Julian K , Forehand Mark R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cues in the environment can prime consumer identities, increasing adoption of behaviors consistent with the primed identity and avoidance of behaviors consistent with alternate (nonprimed) identities. Although alternate-identity avoidance is common, three studies show that priming an identity (e.g., student) can also encourage consumers to approach alternate identities (e.g., friend). When two identities are relatively easy to balance (e.g., sufficient time for both student- and friend-related activities), participants approach alternate identities that are associated with the primed identity following a cognitive process of spreading activation. However, when identities are difficult to balance, participants approach alternate identities that are dissociated from the primed identity. We argue that this reversal occurs owing to a switch from a cognitive process to a motivational process akin to that seen in multiple-goal management. Under the motivational process, priming a focal identity inhibits (activates) associated (dissociated) identities because the two are seen as (non-)substitutable with each other. The motivational process under high balance difficulty relaxes when participants can self-affirm, causing response to instead mimic the cognitive process. The resulting integrative framework introduces identity-balance difficulty and its interaction with association into identity research, uniquely highlighting the importance of multiple-identity management with implications for research and practice.
‘A collection of mere travesties of time-honoured originals’
Authors: Anguix Laia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 1909 the city of Newcastle was offered the bequest of J.A.D. Shipley. Containing 2,500 paintings attributed to masters such as Rembrandt and Raphael, and linked to a sum of £30,000 for museum accommodation, it caused a media stir. C. B. Stevenson, curator of the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne, reported that the collection contained many ‘feeble imitations . . . unworthy of the names attached to them.’1 Nevertheless, he recommended its acceptance, because of the benefit it would confer on the Laing. But Newcastle council rejected Stevenson’s advice, favouring external reports to support its verdict, which was based on financial concerns and on the negative responses of prominent citizens. The Laing’s appeals were disregarded and Gateshead obtained the bequest, leading to the creation of the town’s first public art gallery, the Shipley Art Gallery, in 1917. The Shipley case is here discussed as an example of misunderstanding between cultural institutions and political structures, and of the power of local elites to raise questions regarding authorship and authenticity.
Heterozygosity–Fitness Correlations Reveal Inbreeding Depression in Neonatal Body Size in a Critically Endangered Rock Iguana
Authors: Moss Jeanette B , Gerber Glenn P , Welch Mark E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInbreeding depression, though challenging to identify in nature, may play an important role in regulating the dynamics of small and isolated populations. Conversely, greater expression of genetic load can enhance opportunities for natural selection. Conditional expression concentrates these opportunities for selection and may lead to failure of detection. This study investigates the possibility for age-dependent expression of inbreeding depression in a critically endangered population of rock iguanas, Cyclura nubila caymanensis. We employ heterozygote-fitness correlations to examine the contributions of individual genetic factors to body size, a fitness-related trait. Nonsignificant reductions in homozygosity (up to 7%) were detected between neonates and individuals surviving past their first year, which may reflect natural absorption of inbreeding effects by this small, fecund population. The majority of variation in neonate body size was attributed to maternal or environmental effects (i.e., clutch identity and incubation length); however, heterozygosity across 22 microsatellite loci also contributed significantly and positively to model predictions. Conversely, effects of heterozygosity on fitness were not detectable when adults were examined, suggesting that inbreeding depression in body size may be age dependent in this taxon. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of taking holistic, cross-generational approaches to genetic monitoring of endangered populations.
Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescriptions Among Older Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
Authors: Check Devon K , Winn Aaron N , Fergestrom Nicole , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E , Neuner Joan M , Roberts Andrew W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Guidelines recommend using caution in co-prescribing opioids with benzodiazepines, yet, in practice, the extent of concurrent prescribing is poorly understood. Notably, no population-based studies, to our knowledge, have investigated concurrent prescribing among patients with cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked with Medicare claims (2012–2016) for women diagnosed with breast cancer. We used modified Poisson regression to examine predictors of any concurrent prescriptions in the year post-diagnosis and Poisson regression to examine predictors of the number of overlapping days. We found that 13.0% of the 19 267 women in our sample had concurrent prescriptions. Women who underwent more extensive treatment and those with previous use of opioids or benzodiazepines were at increased risk for concurrent prescriptions (adjusted risk ratio of previous benzodiazepine use vs no previous use = 15.05, 95% confidence interval = 13.19 to 17.19). Among women with concurrent prescriptions, overlap was most pronounced among low-income, rural, and Hispanic women (adjusted incidence rate ratio of Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.20 to 1.30). Our results highlight opportunities to reduce patients’ unnecessary exposure to this combination.
Delay in schistosomiasis diagnosis and treatment: a multicenter cohort study in Italy
Authors: Comelli Agnese , Riccardi Niccolò , Canetti Diana , Spinicci Michele , Cenderello Giovanni , Magro Paola , Nicolini Laura Ambra , Marchese Valentina , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Castelli Francesco , Bartoloni Alessandro , Di Biagio Antonio , Caligaris Silvio , Gaiera Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Barriers to access to care, different diagnostic strategies and low awareness remain challenging issues in the fight against schistosomiasis.
Our study aims to examine management of schistosomiasis in migrants attending large tertiary hospitals in Italy, in order to call for a comprehensive approach.

Methods
A retrospective review of schistosomiasis cases was carried out between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, in five large Infectious Disease Centers in Italy. We included all patients diagnosed with schistosomiasis. We differentiated among (i) asymptomatic patients diagnosed by serology either as healthy ‘migrant evaluation’ or as ‘late evaluation’ in patients followed because of a different infection and (ii) patients tested because of a suggestive clinical presentation. Patients characteristics and clinical data were recorded.

Results
One hundred forty-nine patients were included, 137 (91.9%) were male, the median age was 26 years and 70% of them came from Sub-Saharan Africa.
Thirty-eight asymptomatic patients (25.5%) were diagnosed by serology [15, (10.1%) among ‘migrant evaluation’ and 23 (15.4%) among ‘late evaluation’ group], and 111 (74.5%) presented with signs/symptoms.
The median diagnostic delay from arrival in Italy was 31 months: 110 for asymptomatic group and 16 months for symptomatic patients. Among the 111 symptomatic patients, 41 individuals were already followed in our clinics, and they never underwent screening before appearance of evident disease. Among patients with positive serology who were tested by microscopy, 32/86 (37.2%) had confirmed diagnosis. Forty-five (37.8%) patients presented radiologic abnormalities. Praziquantel was the treatment of choice (70.1% for 3 days and 29.9% in a single-day dose), and 77 (51.7%) were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions
In our centers, a high proportion of patients were tested late after arrival, and most of them presented with clinical apparent disease. Well-defined strategies and implementation of recent guidelines are needed to improve early diagnosis and to overcome heterogeneity of practice.