bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Nanophotonic Chip-space Interfaces Enabled Multi-dimensional Engineering of Structured Optical Vortices
Authors: Liu Jin , Wei Dunzhao , Chen Bo , Wan Shuai , Wang Yixuan , Wang Pi-Yu , Chang Chun , Qiu Guixin , Tan zelin , Huang Xiaoshan , Chen Yan , Jiang Tian , Zhan Qiwen , Bo Fang , Fu Songnian , Wang Xue-Hua , Dong Chun-Hua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Miniaturized and reconfigurable interfaces between confined optical modes within integrated photonic chips and structured light propagating in free space would serve as a cornerstone for fundamental optical science and modern photonic technology. In this work, we present nonlinear nanophotonic chip-space interfaces capable of flexibly generating and multi-dimensionally engineering structured light via injections of photons to on-chip waveguides. By harnessing the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation in integrated nonlinear microring resonators, we successfully tailor the spatial profile, polarization state, emission wavelength, topological charge and temporal wave packet of structured optical vortices, exhibiting reconfigurabilities and tuning ranges far beyond the state-of-the-art. To further showcase the capabilities of our platform, we use a single pump to generate multi-state integrated vortex microcombs in the visible range via synergistic χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear optical processes. Our work bridges the research fields of structured light and integrated optics, providing unprecedented opportunities to spatiotemporal light generation, on-chip nonlinear optics and integrated quantum photonics.
Can Large Language Models facilitate evidence-based decision support for conservation?
Authors: Iyer Radhika , Christie Alec , Madhavapeddy Anil , Reynolds Sam , Sutherland William , Jaffer Sadiq 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wise use of evidence to support efficient conservation action is key to tackling biodiversity loss with limited time and resources. Evidence syntheses provide key recommendations for conservation decision-makers by assessing and summarising evidence, but are not always easy to access, digest, and use. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) present both opportunities and risks in enabling faster and more intuitive access to evidence databases. We evaluated the performance of ten LLMs (and three retrieval strategies) versus six human experts in answering synthetic multiple choice question exams on the effects of conservation interventions using the Conservation Evidence database. We found that open-book LLM performance was competitive with human experts on 45 filtered questions, both in correctly answering them and retrieving the document used to generate them. Across 1867 unfiltered questions, closed-book LLM performance demonstrated a level of conservation-specific knowledge, but did vary across topic areas. Hybrid retrieval performed substantially better than dense and sparse retrieval methods, whilst more recent LLMs performed substantially better than older ones. Our findings suggest that, with careful design, LLMs could potentially be powerful tools for enabling expert-level use of evidence databases. However, general LLMs used ‘out-of-the-box’ are likely to perform poorly and misinform decision-makers.
Gene ontology-guided proximity placement analyses of pan-primate regulatory LTR elements that contribute to embryogenesis.
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Two distinct families of pan-primate endogenous retroviruses, namely HERVL and HERVH, infected primates germline, colonized host genomes, and evolved into the global genomic regulatory dominion (GRD) operating during human embryogenesis (HE). Analyzed in this contribution GRD derived from HERV sequences constitutes 8839 highly conserved fixed LTR elements linked to 5444 down-stream target genes forged by evolution into a functionally-consonant constellation of 26 genome-wide multimodular genomic regulatory networks (GRNs), each of which is defined by significant enrichment of numerous single gene ontology (GO)-specific traits. Locations of GRNs appear scattered across chromosomes to occupy from 5.5%-15.09% of human genome. Each GRN harbors from 529-1486 regulatory LTRs derived from LTR7, MLT2A1, and MLT2A2 sequences that appear quantitatively balanced according to their genome-wide abundance. GRNs integrate activities from 199-805 down-stream target genes, including transcription factors, chromatin-state remodelers, signal-sensing and signal-transduction mediators, enzymatic and receptor binding effectors, intracellular complexes and extracellular matrix elements, and cell-cell adhesion molecules. GRNs compositions consist of several hundred to thousands smaller GO enrichment-defined genomic regulatory modules (GRMs) combining from a dozen to hundreds LTRs and down-stream target genes, which appear to operate on individuals life-span timescale along specific phenotypic avenues to exert profound effects on patterns of transcription, protein-protein interactions, developmental phenotypes, physiological traits, and pathological conditions of Modern Humans. Overall, this study identifies 69,573 statistically significant regulatory LTR-linked GRMs (Binominal FDR q-value threshold of 0.001), including 27,601 GRMs validated by the single GO-specific directed acyclic graph (DAG) analyses across six GO annotations. Collectively, reported herein observations support the hypothesis that pan-primate ERVs have made significant impacts on evolution of GRNs affecting physiological traits and pathological conditions of Modern Humans, including phenotypes manifestation of which considered human-specific.
Comparison of reference libraries for the detection of tire-derived microplastics (TMPs)
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Sun Zizheng , Yanagihara Masami 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introducing microplastics (MPs) into the marine environment is a global problem. Tire-derived microplastics (TMPs) are estimated to account for 60% of all secondary MPs dispersed in aquatic environments. To effectively detect TMPs in environmental samples using micro-Fourier transform infrared (μFTIR) spectroscopy, a high-quality reference library is essential. However, the use of conventional diamond crystals in FTIR presents challenges for the detection of materials containing carbon black, such as rubber and tires. In addition, there is a discrepancy between spectra from standard libraries and spectra from environmental samples, which makes detection difficult. In order to overcome these problems in the detection of TMPs by μFTIR, we developed four reference libraries to improve the detection, and ‘The 26 tire wear library’ was found to be the best among these four. Furthermore, a comparison of these new libraries revealed the following requirements to improve TMP detection: (i) the reference spectra must be acquired under the same setup used for material observation including prism material, (ii) tires, not rubber, must be used as reference materials, and (iii) tire wear samples must be prepared to replicate the actual generation conditions on roads.
Holter Monitoring Analysis of Women Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Li Zhen-hua , Xie Bao-jiang , Yi Wei , Li Li , Wei Ya-xian , Yi Nuo , Lu Li-hong 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the clinical features of women infected
with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using Holter monitoring.

Methods:
Thirty-five female patients infected with HIV using a Holter monitor at the Ditan Hospital
were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
In terms of basic rhythms, there were 30 cases of sinus rhythm, 27 cases of ventricular
premature beat, 26 cases of supraventricular premature beat, 12 cases of mild reduction of HRV, 9
cases of normal heart rate variability (HRV), 8 cases of supraventricular tachycardia, 5 cases of abnormal
ST-segment changes and 2 cases of sinus bradycardia 2 cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
2 cases of junctional escape rhythm. There was only one case in each of the following ECG
changes: persistent atrial fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, couplet supraventricular premature beats,
accelerated idioventricular rhythm, sinoatrial block, second-degree Mobitz type I atrioventricular
block, second-degree Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, complete right bundle branch block,
T-wave abnormality, and significant reduction of HRV.

Conclusion:
The Holter monitor can show more changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of HIV--
positive patients, particularly significant ECG abnormalities, such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,
and can direct early clinical treatment to serious adverse results.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Skills Research in Vocational Education: 2018-2022
Authors: Fitriyanto Muhammad Noor , Wagiran Wagiran , Zannah Fathul , Novian Dian , Mansur Hamsi 
Published: November 2024

Green skills (GSs) have become one of the important strategies for achieving sustainable development. It can make the environment effective for social and economic development. The aim of this research is to reveal data on the evolution and development of green skills and trends in the development of green jobs throughout the world. This research uses R Studio and Bibliometrix to analyze 198 papers related to green skills in green jobs published from 2018 to 2022 in the Scopus database using Bibliometrix and visualization mapping methods. The results show a substantial increase in the number of studies GSs in recent years, with the focus area in European and American countries leading this research. Aspects of Will, manufacturing and Energy, and Journals of Green Environmental Management are the first three journals cited in the study of GSs. Studying the cited literature together on environmentally friendly skills includes, among other things, the relationship between other skills and ecosystems with human good health, green construction, evaluation and green management of environmentally friendly competencies, and analysis of specific aspects of environmentally friendly skills. The results of the analysis of green skills grouping keywords show that there is research that concentrates on green skills in the fields of education, ecosystem services, climate change, and biodiversity protection. In conclusion, this research provides a reference for future studies of green skills necessary for the development of a sustainable educational environment, such as a multidisciplinary approach, adaptation of new technologies, partnerships with sustainable technology green industries, and environmental awareness.
The Role of Teacher in Industry 5.0, Technology, and Social Capital in for Vocational High School Graduates in School-to-Work Transitions
Authors: Utami Pipit , Fajaryati Nuryake , Sudira Putu , Ismail Mohd Erfy , Maneetien Nopadon , Felestin Felestin 
Published: November 2024

The large number of graduates who lack the skills needed for the workplace makes it difficult for them to find employment. This study aims to analyze the influence of teachers, technology, and social capital in preparing vocational school graduates for their first jobs. Participants came from five districts in Yogyakarta, including state and private VHS with engineering expertise, including 25 teachers and 99 students. The research steps involve conducting literature reviews, focus group discussions, and data collection via questionnaires. The results show that: (1) the stability of choosing a career that is in line with their education for graduates who study further is better than graduates who work or are entrepreneurs; (2) the measurement model showed valid and reliable results: outer loading (0.702 -0.967), AVE ³ 0.5, Cronbach's alpha ³ 0.7, Fornell-Larcker criterion, and HTMT ratio. The structural model using the SRMR is 0.078 (good fit); (3) With p-value 0.000 (sig 0.05), there is direct significant influence between TCR - TGR (f2 0.897), TCR - SCR (f2 0.638) with large effect, and TCR - STWT (f2 0.310), TGR - STWT (f2 0.189), SCR - STWT (f2 0.267) with medium effect and the indirect influence (TCR - STWT), which is mediated by TGR and SCR. The role of the teacher (TCR) has a significant impact on optimizing the role of technology (TGR) and social capital (SCR) in the STWT effectivity. The role of teachers, technology, and social capital all have significant and medium effects on the STWT smoothness. This is in line with the concept of Industry 5.0, specifically integration. Education in the Industry 5.0 era is dependent not just on the contributors' roles but also on integration.
From Stories to Solutions: A Research Cycle Framework for Enhancing Trustworthiness in Studies of Online Patient Narratives
Authors: Lamprell Klay , Pulido Diana Fajardo , Arnolda Gaston , Easpaig Bróna Nic Giolla , Tran Yvonne , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: November 2024

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/25056
Recent Use of Novel Data Streams During Foodborne Illness Cluster Investigations by the United States Food and Drug Administration: Qualitative Review
Authors: Bazaco Michael C , Carstens Christina K , Greenlee Tiffany , Blessington Tyann , Pereira Evelyn , Seelman Sharon , Ivory Stranjae , Jemaneh Temesgen , Kirchner Margaret , Crosby Alvin , Viazis Stelios , van Twuyver Sheila , Gwathmey Michael , Malais Tanya , Ou Oliver , Kenez Stephanie , Nolan Nichole , Karasick Andrew , Punzalan Cecile , Schwensohn Colin , Gieraltowski Laura , Chen Parker Cary , Jenkins Erin , Harris Stic 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Foodborne illness is a continuous public health risk. The recognition of signals indicating a cluster of foodborne illness is key to the detection, mitigation, and prevention of foodborne adverse event incidents and outbreaks. With increased internet availability and access, novel data streams (NDSs) for foodborne illness reports initiated by users outside of the traditional public health framework have emerged. These include, but are not limited to, social media websites, web-based product reviews posted to retailer websites, and private companies that host public-generated notices of foodborne illnesses. Information gathered by these platforms can help identify early signals of foodborne illness clusters or help inform ongoing public health investigations. Here we present an overview of NDSs and 3 investigations of foodborne illness incidents by the US Food and Drug Administration that included the use of NDSs at various stages. Each example demonstrates how these data were collected, integrated into traditional data sources, and used to inform the investigation. NDSs present a unique opportunity for public health agencies to identify clusters that may not have been identified otherwise, due to new or unique etiologies, as shown in the 3 examples. Clusters may also be identified earlier than they would have been through traditional sources. NDSs can further provide investigators supplemental information that may help confirm or rule out a source of illness. However, data collected from NDSs are often incomplete and lack critical details for investigators, such as product information (eg, lot numbers), clinical or medical details (eg, laboratory results of affected individuals), and contact information for report follow-up. In the future, public health agencies may wish to standardize an approach to maximize the potential of NDSs to catalyze and supplement adverse event investigations. Additionally, the collection of essential data elements by NDS platforms and data-sharing processes with public health agencies may aid in the investigation of foodborne illness clusters and inform subsequent public health and regulatory actions.
Developing and Validating the Health Literacy Scale for Migrant Workers: Instrument Development and Validation Study
Authors: Kang Soo Jin , Oh Hye-Kyung , Han Hae-Ra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Research concerning health literacy among migrant workers in South Korea has been limited, especially given the lack of validated instruments and the lack of focus on the cultural diversity of migrant workers.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate a health literacy scale for unskilled migrant workers (HLS-MW) in South Korea.

Methods
We first generated a pool of potential items based on a literature review and in-depth interviews with 23 migrant workers. Subsequently, we reviewed empirical referents from the first step to select relevant medical terminologies and passages, ultimately choosing 709 words. The study team initially generated 35 items with 709 health-related terms through empirical referent reviews. After content validity testing by an expert panel, 28 items comprising 89 terms on the 2 subscales of prose and documents were selected for psychometric testing. Overall, 402 unskilled migrant workers in South Korea completed a web-based survey between August and September 2021, with 334 responses included in the final analysis. We used multiple analytic approaches, including exploratory factor analysis, Rasch analysis (item response theory), and descriptive analysis, to examine the new scale’s validity and reliability.

Results
The final sample primarily included young male workers from South Asian countries. The HLS-MW yielded 2 factors: prose and documents. The item difficulty scores ranged from −1.36 to 2.56. The scale was reduced to 13 items (10 prose and 3 document items), with the final version exhibiting good internal reliability (Kuder-Richardson index=0.88; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94, 95% CI 0.93‐0.95) and test-retest reliability (r=0.74, 95% CI 0.57‐0.92). HLS-MW scores differed significantly by Korean language proficiency (F2,331=3.54, P=.004).

Conclusions
The HLS-MW is a reliable and valid measure to assess health literacy among migrant workers in South Korea. Further studies are needed to test the psychometric properties of the HLS-MW in diverse migrant groups in South Korea while also establishing cutoffs to help identify those in need of health literacy support.
Verification of the Reliability of an Automated Urine Test Strip Colorimetric Program Using Colorimetric Analysis: Survey Study
Authors: Inagaki Keigo , Tsuriya Daisuke , Hashimoto Takuya , Nakamura Katsumasa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
One method for noninvasive and simple urinary microalbumin testing is urine test strips. However, when visually assessing urine test strips, accurate assessment may be difficult due to environmental influences—such as lighting color and intensity—and the physical and psychological influences of the assessor. These complicate the formation of an objective assessment.

Objectives
This study developed an “automated urine test strip colorimetric program” (hereinafter referred to as “this program”) to objectively assess urine test strips. Using this program may allow urine tests to be conducted at home. In this study, urine samples from hospitalized or outpatient patients were randomly obtained, and the reliability of this program was verified by comparing the agreement rate between this program and an automatic urine analyzer (US-3500 [Eiken Chemical Co, Ltd] and LABOSPECT 006 [Hitachi High-Tech Co, Ltd]). Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the urine albumin test were investigated, and its applicability to screening for microalbuminuria was verified.

Methods
A urine test strip was placed in a photography box with constant light intensity and color temperature conditions. The image taken with a smartphone camera on top of the photography box was judged by this program. This program used Accelerated KAZE to perform image-matching processing to reduce the effect of misalignment during photography. It also calculated and judged the item with the smallest color difference between the color chart and the urine test strip using the CIEDE2000 color difference formula. The agreement rate of the results of this program was investigated using the results of an automatic urine analyzer as the gold standard.

Results
Compared with the judgments of an automatic urine analyzer, the average agreement rate for 12 items (protein, glucose, urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, occult blood, pH, white blood cells, nitrite, creatinine, and albumin) was 78.6%. Furthermore, the average agreement rate of the 12 items within ±1 rank was 95.4%. The results showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 58.6% in determining albumin in urine, which is important for determining the stage of diabetic nephropathy. Finally, the area under the curve (0.907) derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve was satisfactory.

Conclusions
The program developed by the authors can determine urine test strips without requiring calibration in a certain shooting environment. If this program can be used at home to perform urinary microalbumin tests, the early detection and treatment of diabetic nephropathy may prevent the condition from becoming severe.
Public Perceptions of Very Low Nicotine Content on Twitter: Observational Study
Authors: Xie Zidian , Liu Xinyi , Lou Xubin , Li Dongmei 
Published: November 2024

Background
Nicotine is a highly addictive agent in tobacco products. On June 21, 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a plan to propose a rule to establish a maximum nicotine level in cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products.

Objective
This study aimed to understand public perception and discussion of very low nicotine content (VLNC) on Twitter (rebranded as X in July 2023).

Methods
From December 12, 2021, to January 1, 2023, we collected Twitter data using relevant keywords such as “vln,” “low nicotine,” and “reduced nicotine.” After a series of preprocessing steps (such as removing duplicates, retweets, and commercial tweets), we identified 3270 unique noncommercial tweets related to VLNC. We used an inductive method to assess the public perception and discussion of VLNC on Twitter. To establish a codebook, we randomly selected 300 tweets for hand-coding, including the attitudes (positive, neutral, and negative) toward VLNC (including its proposed rule) and major topics (13 topics). The Cohen κ statistic between the 2 human coders reached over 70%, indicating a substantial interrater agreement. The rest of the tweets were single-coded according to the codebook.

Results
We observed a significant peak in the discussion of VLNC on Twitter within 4 days of the FDA’s announcement of the proposed rule on June 21, 2022. The proportion of tweets with a negative attitude toward VLNC was significantly lower than those with a positive attitude, 24.5% (801/3270) versus 37.09% (1213/3270) with P<.001 from the 2-proportion z test. Among tweets with a positive attitude, the topic “Reduce cigarette consumption or help smoking cessation” was dominant (1097/1213, 90.44%). Among tweets with a negative attitude, the topic “VLNC leads to more smoking” was the most popular topic (227/801, 28.34%), followed by “Similar toxicity of VLNC as a regular cigarette” (223/801, 27.84%), and “VLNC is not a good method for quitting smoking” (211/801, 26.34%).

Conclusions
There is a more positive attitude toward VLNC than a negative attitude on Twitter, resulting from different opinions about VLNC. Discussions around VLNC mainly focused on whether VLNC could help people quit smoking.