bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulodexide inhibits angiogenesis via decreasing Dll4 and Notch1 expression in mouse proepicardial explant cultures
Authors: Niderla‐Bielińska Justyna , Bartkowiak Krzysztof , Ciszek Bogdan , Jankowska‐Steifer Ewa , Krejner Alicja , Ratajska Anna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSulodexide (SDX) is a mixed drug containing low‐molecular‐weight heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. It exerts mild anticoagulant action but can also affect leukocytes, macrophages, and cell–cell adhesion and may interact with growth factors although its direct influence on endothelial cells is not well described. Clinically, SDX is used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, where it exerts anti‐inflammatory and endothelial protective effects. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of SDX on tubule formation and angiogenesis‐related proteins’ mRNA expression in endothelial cell line C166 and mouse proepicardial explants. C166 cells and explants were stimulated with a proangiogenic cocktail containing bFGF/VEGF‐A120/VEGF‐A164 enriched with SDX. After stimulation, the number and morphology of tubules stained with anti‐CD31 antibody were examined under confocal microscope and expression of mRNA for VEGF‐A, VEGF‐B, VEGF‐C, bFGF, IGF‐1, Dll4, and Notch1 was measured with real‐time PCR. In C166 cell line, there was no difference in tubule formation and mRNA expression, but in proepicardial explants, we observed reduction in tubule number and in mRNA level for DLL4 and Notch1 after SDX administration. In conclusion, SDX indirectly inhibits angiogenesis in mouse proepicardial explant cultures but has no direct effect on the C166 endothelial cell line.
A stable and productive marine microbial community was sustained through the end‐Devonian Hangenberg Crisis within the Cleveland Shale of the Appalachian Basin, United States
Authors: Martinez Aaron M. , Boyer Diana L. , Droser Mary L. , Barrie Craig , Love Gordon D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe end‐Devonian Hangenberg Crisis constituted one of the greatest ecological and environmental perturbations of the Paleozoic Era. To date, however, it has been difficult to precisely constrain the occurrence of the Hangenberg Crisis in the Appalachian Basin of the United States and thus to directly assess the effects of this crisis on marine microbial communities and paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, we integrate organic and inorganic chemostratigraphic records compiled from two discrete outcrop locations to characterize the onset and paleoenvironmental transitions associated with the Hangenberg Crisis within the Cleveland Shale member of the Ohio Shale. The upper Cleveland Shale records both positive carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Ntotal) isotopic excursions, and replenished trace metal inventories with links to eustatic rise. These dual but apparently temporally offset isotope excursions may be useful for stratigraphic correlation with other productive end‐Devonian epeiric marine locations. Deposition of the black shale succession occurred locally beneath a redox‐stratified water column with euxinic zones, with signs of strengthening denitrification during the Hangenberg Crisis interval, but with an otherwise stable and algal‐rich marine microbial community structure sustained in the surface mixed layer as ascertained by lipid biomarker assemblages. Discernible trace fossil signals in some horizons suggest, however, that bioturbation and seafloor oxygenation occurred episodically throughout this succession and highlight that geochemical proxies often fail to capture these rapid and sporadic redox fluctuations in ancient black shales. The paleoenvironmental conditions, source biota, and accumulations of black shale are consistent with expressions of the Hangenberg Crisis globally, suggesting this event is likely captured within the uppermost strata of the Cleveland Shale in North America.
The elusive quest for balanced regional growth from Barlow to Brexit: Lessons from partitioning regional employment growth in Great Britain
Authors: Ray D. Michael , Hall Peter G. , O’Donoghue Daniel P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe British Government’s economic strategy for post‐Brexit Britain of achieving balanced regional growth by “driving growth across the whole country” echoes the objectives set by the Barlow Report of 1940. The regional policies that followed the Barlow Report were heavily influenced by papers written for the Commission by G D A (later Sir Donald) MacDougall. The first of these papers was included as an appendix to the report itself and introduced the shift‐share methodology to the analysis of regional employment growth, and subsequently shown to be flawed. The second paper considered the urban hierarchy and growth but was never fully developed. Consequently post‐war regional policy focussed on the contribution of industrial structure to employment growth without fully taking into account the urban hierarchy or regional locations of that employment. This article replaces the flawed shift‐share methodology with multifactor partitioning (MFP) and applies it to regional employment growth for the period 1971‐2012, a span of special interest because it largely coincides with British membership of the European Union (EU). The deficiencies in the second paper are addressed by introducing allometry to measure the employment growth of each region relative to that of Great Britain and then regression analysis to relate the allometries to distance from London. The results of the two sets of analyses highlight the need for a multiple‐factor, comprehensive, and integrated approach to regional policy and provide a benchmark against which to gauge the success of Britain's post‐Brexit policy of driving future growth across the whole country.
In situ TEM study on electron irradiation effects in SiO2–Na2O–B2O3 glasses
Authors: Duan Bing‐Huang , Chen Liang , Lv Peng , Du Xin , Zhang Li‐Ming , Wang Tie‐Shan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the electron irradiation effects of SiO2–Na2O–B2O3 (SNB) glasses. Three kinds of SNB glasses were designed and fabricated with constant K (K = [SiO2]/[B2O3] molar ratio) and varying R (R = [Na2O]/[B2O3] molar ratio). The electron irradiation effects were found to be significantly dependent on the value of R. Gas bubbles and small particles were observed in the bright field (BF) images of irradiated SNB glasses with sufficient Na2O content. The bubbles are believed to be composed of molecular oxygen O2 which was formed in the recombination processes of broken non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) structures. Irradiation‐produced small particles are suggested to be Si‐enriched phases which were formed via deconstruction of reedmergnerite groups. The different responses of these three kinds of SNB glasses agree well with their initial structural groups that are theoretically derived from the Bray's model.
The severity and degree of hypomineralisation in teeth and its influence on oral hygiene and caries prevalence in children
Authors: Ebel Markus , Bekes Katrin , Klode Christian , Hirsch Christian 
Published: September 2018

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of hypomineralised teeth, plaque accumulation, hypersensitivity, associated caries risk, and oral health‐related quality of life limitations of affected children.Materials and MethodsA total of 250 children (mean age 9.0 years) presenting with at least one hypomineralised molar or incisor were included in the study. The hypersensitivity of the teeth was evaluated using the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale and the Wong‐Baker Faces Scale. Furthermore, the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index was documented, the Quigley Hein Index was obtained, and personal questioning was used to document the patients’ limitations with intake of food. These data were analysed using general linear models that control influencing factors such as age and sex.ResultsThe Quigley Hein Index increased with the severity of the hypomineralised teeth (1.64 in the unaffected, 2.77 in the moderately, and 3.63 in the severely affected teeth). Problems with intake of food were only observed in subjects with severe hypomineralisation. There was no immediate effect on dental caries.ConclusionIncreased severity of tooth hypomineralisation leads to increased hypersensitivity, which resulted in inadequate oral hygiene among children and limitations to their daily life.
In situ synthesis of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) electride ceramic from C12A7 + C3A mixture precursor
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Xin , Liu Hongliang , Zhao Jiping , Xiao Yixin , Feng Qi , Zhang Jiuxing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInorganic electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) was successfully synthesized via a reaction of Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7), Ca3Al2O4 (C3A), and Al powder at 1050°C for 5 minutes heated by SPS system. The as‐prepared polycrystalline C12A7:e− electride exhibits an electron concentration of 2.3 × 1021 cm−3 and an optical absorption bands at 2.5ev under room temperature. Electron concentration was also determined by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Furthermore, the molecular structure was investigated by Micro Raman measurements; the appearance of the band at 186 cm−1 strongly suggested the formation of C12A7:e− electride. These results not only suggest a novel precursor for fabricating mayenite electrides but also make it possible to produce efficiently the electride in large volume.
Phase relations of CaO‐Al2O3‐Sc2O3 ternary system
Authors: Zhi Wenke , Wang Fei , Yang Bin , Qu Tao , Deng Yong , Tian Yang , Zhao Jinyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigated the isothermal section of the CaO‐Al2O3‐Sc2O3 ternary system at 1773 and 1873 K for 24 hours in Ar, and quenched in water to determine the operative phase equilibrate. The composition of the phases in equilibrium was determined by electron probe microanalysis. The isothermal section phase diagram of two temperature points (1773 and 1873 K) is obtained. The 1773 K isothermal section consists of one liquid compound (L), six binary compounds (CaO+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+L C3A+L, CaO.Sc2O3+L, CA+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3) and seven ternary compounds (Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3+CA6, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA2+CA, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA2+CA6, CaO.Sc2O3+L+Sc2O3, C3A+CaO+L). At 1873 K, we found one liquid compound (L), five binary compounds (CaO+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+L, CaO.Sc2O3+L, CA+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3) and six ternary compounds (Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3+CA6, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+Sc2O3+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA+L, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA2+CA, Ca2Sc6Al6O20+CA2+CA6, CaO.Sc2O3+L+Sc2O3) to exist at the isothermal section. The experimental information obtained in the present work not only is essential for the thermodynamic assessment of the CaO‐Al2O3‐Sc2O3 ternary system, but also is important for further investigation on separation of rare earths from metallurgical slags and rare‐earth recovery.
Ethical Challenges for Student Design Projects in Health Care Settings in New Zealand
Authors: Godbold Rosemary , Lees Amanda , Reay Stephen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudent‐led design projects undertaken within healthcare settings raise considerable ethical challenges, primarily resulting from collaboration with service users. This article emerged out of the experiences of design from a New Zealand university undertaking real world projects in acute health care contexts. A human‐centred approach to design is underpinned by a requirement for students to immerse themselves in the user context to optimise design outcomes. Several issues exist in relation to the management of the ethical complexities arising from these projects. Multiple formal ethical review processes were triggered when students’ projects were defined as research. These processes were perceived as onerous and disproportionate to the scale of the projects, and students were ill equipped to identify ethical issues and engage with formal review processes. This resulted in either abandoned projects or the use of compromised methods. A review of codes of practice and design industry approaches identifies a gap in guidance for both students and qualified designers. Some designers describe their projects as service improvement, and not subject to formal ethical review. This article argues for embedding consideration of ethics in all design projects to enhance the process, to be true to the underpinning philosophy of human centred design and to produce ethically aware graduates. To achieve this, a multi‐pronged pedagogical approach which encompasses both hypothetical, class‐based and real‐world learning experiences is described, with the ultimate goal of normalising the consideration and development of ethical standards for students and best practice across the industry.
Bazon Brock's Visitors’ School on Documenta in Kassel: Training for Reception of Contemporary Art
Authors: Biryukova Marina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the problem of reception and interpretation of contemporary art exhibition in the context of Besucherschule (Visitors’ School) invented by Bazon Brock: German philosopher, art historian and a follower of Theodor Adorno. He implemented this practice for the first time on documenta 4 in Kassel (1968) and organised such schools of reception until documenta 9 (1992). The aim of the Visitors’ School was to explain works of contemporary art on display to the public. Brock understood this process as ‘mediation’ in aesthetic education, arguing that dependence on theory was no less problematic for contemporary art perception than the lack of traditional art form. The main symbolic task of art – ‘claim for reality’, was demonstrated by Brock in two ideas: ‘new image‐war’ and ‘speaking image’.
Active Learning and Teaching through Digital Technology and Live Performance: ‘Choreographic Thinking’ as Art Practice in the Tertiary Sector
Authors: Nikolai Jennifer R. A. , Bennett Gregory , Marks Stefan , Gilson Geoff 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article is an interdisciplinary reflective response to an intensive studio learning and teaching experience involving artists, academics and postgraduate students. The authors of this article teach, research and practise in coding, digital design, dance, and virtual and live performance. As lecturers and students we reflect upon and propose future approaches to art practice in tertiary education informed by live performance, performance capture and studio‐based responses to digital and virtual platforms. We reflect on an innovative contribution to the field of research–teaching nexus as informed by digital and virtual data capture identifying the key element of immediacy in live performance and choreographic improvisation with systems. We reflect on practice‐based inquiry via the Choreographic Coding Lab (CCL) model – a dialogical negotiation between capture technology and interdisciplinary artists in industry and academia. How can we encourage potential studio inquiry as an adapted model in tertiary learning and teaching? Our interdisciplinary voices, presented as authors’ reflections, provide suggestions for future studio‐based, active learning contexts.
Immersed in Design: Using an Immersive Teaching Space to Visualise Design Solutions
Authors: Chandler Lisa , Ward Alistair 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA significant component of design pedagogy is the need to foster critical design thinking and to support students in understanding links between educational exercises and their potential application in professional design practice. Problem solving is central to design so it is also essential that students understand that there can be multiple solutions to a design brief, and are supported in creative experimentation and in generating imaginative outcomes. This article examines some innovative approaches to addressing these pedagogical needs. It investigates the effectiveness of pedagogical design incorporating the Immerse Lab, a three‐wall projection room at an Australian university, as a learning context for design practice, for generating ideas and for supporting learning involving the comparative display of design outcomes. Anonymous student survey results revealed that the majority of students found learning in the Immerse Lab to be beneficial; comparative review more effective than in standard tutorial rooms; that the activity generated new ideas; it encouraged students to think differently about their designs; and it inspired students to develop their existing designs or create new ones. The project demonstrated that curricula involving immersive spaces can be effective in supporting engaging and relevant design pedagogy.
Navigating the Methodology of an Interdisciplinary Art and Design Practice with Conscious Bridging
Authors: Pinxit Vaughn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe growing emergent field of interdisciplinary research provides opportunities for discussing and attempting to understand interdisciplinarity at a deeper pedagogical level. The author, having completed a PhD in the field of an interdisciplinary art and design practice, presents an analysis of its methodology to contribute to the discussion. Through incidentally applying the method of Bourdieu's notion of reflexivity onto the practice, a clearer understanding of the approaches undertaken in the practice was experienced. This supported navigating between spectrums of approaches and identifying dichotomic knowledges applied in the practice, which the author terms ‘conscious bridging’. In support of the proposed notion of conscious bridging, the author adds further evidential observations of teams participating in interdisciplinary projects and taking into analysis the processes of varied approaches specific to their discipline. This article presents strategies to consider, adopt and apply in an interdisciplinary art and design practice in order to assist the quality and efficiency of research outcomes.
Building a Network for Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage through Education: A Study of Indonesian Batik
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to discuss a strategy to preserve intangible cultural heritage in education and to deliberate on the batik network in Pekalongan, Indonesia. To investigate the network, this study adopted a framework based on the actor–network theory (ANT). The research data was obtained through observation, interviews and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with eight interviewees who are working professionals in batik. The study achieved the following results: 1. Cultural heritage education needs to connect with the needs of everyday life within the context of the current situation and the social environment. 2. A successful cultural heritage educational network must include the efforts of industry, government, schools, museums and research institutions so that everyone can derive maximum benefit from the network and achieve a sense of accomplishment. 3. Attentiveness to conscious cultural heritage contributes to the promotion of education. Batik knowledge is built by interactions between batik workers, batik, batik museums, school teachers, and workshops or classes, such as student work in schools.
Fostering a Culture of Reading with Wordless Picturebooks in a South African Context
Authors: Haese Adrie , Costandius Elmarie , Oostendorp Marcelyn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere exists an abundance of literature on the use of wordless picturebooks in literacy development, yet very little research exists on their use in the South African context. South Africa is facing what researchers have referred to as a ‘national crisis of reading’. Only 5 per cent of parents read with their children, as a result, many children are not exposed to books or book‐sharing activities prior to entering formal school. Despite the acknowledgement and acceptance of the importance of mother tongue education, especially in Foundation Phase, there still exists a lack of indigenous language picturebooks for young readers. The article reports on the findings of an exploratory study in which wordless picturebooks were used in parent–child joint reading. By moving the reading environment from a community centre or daycare to participant homes, the main aim was to determine the perceptions of the parents or primary caregivers and children that participated in the programme regarding the value of utilising wordless picturebooks in their homes. The research sought to gain an understanding of how wordless picturebooks could assist in ensuring that literacy‐poor families are supported as a child's first educator. We argue that wordless picturebooks warrant further investigation in the South African context, as key findings indicated that they can be viewed as a valuable tool in fostering a culture of reading in the South African context.
Selenium‐sensitive miRNA‐181a‐5p targeting SBP2 regulates selenoproteins expression in cartilage
Authors: Min Zixin , Guo Yuanxu , Sun Mengyao , Hussain Safdar , Zhao Yitong , Guo Dongxian , Huang Huang , Heng Lisong , Zhang Fujun , Ning Qilan , Han Yan , Xu Peng , Zhong Nannan , Sun Jian , Lu Shemin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelenium (Se) deficiency brings about defects in the biosynthesis of several selenoproteins and has been associated with aberrant chondrogenesis. Selenocysteine (Sec) Insertion Sequence (SECIS) and SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2) interaction is a very critical node for the metabolic balance between Se and selenoproteins. The Gpx1, Gpx4 and SelS have different binding affinities with SBP2 in cells. According to our results, both miR‐181a‐5p and SBP2 appeared to be selenium‐sensitive and regulated the expression of selenoproteins in C28/I2 cells under Se sufficient environment. However, they showed significantly opposite expression trend in Se deficiency rats cartilage and SeD C28/I2 cells. The SBP2 is a direct target gene of miR‐181a‐5p in C28/I2 cells as determined by reporter gene and off‐target experiments. And the miR‐181a‐5p could regulate SBP2 and the selenoproteins in C28/I2 cells. Depending upon the Se supply levels, C28/I2 cells were divided into three groups, that is normal Se, SeD and SeS, which underwent through a 7‐day Se deprivation process, then SBP2 was knocked‐down and overexpressed in all the groups. Moreover, the selected selenoproteins were down‐regulated in second‐generation low Se diet rat cartilage. The selenoproteins expression was decreased by Se deficiency which depended on the Selenium‐sensitive miR‐181a‐5p to participate and regulate SBP2 at post‐transcriptional level. It involves a series of antioxidant and ECM (extracellular matrix) genes, to overcome the ROS‐related stress for the protection of essential physiological functions and to maintain the balance between anabolism and catabolism of the cartilage.