bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Is Not Essential for B Cell Survival beyond Early Developmental Stages
Authors: Nyhoff Lindsay E. , Clark Emily S. , Barron Bridgette L. , Bonami Rachel H. , Khan Wasif N. , Kendall Peggy L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a crucial regulator of B cell signaling and is a therapeutic target for lymphoma and autoimmune disease. BTK-deficient patients suffer from humoral immunodeficiency, as their B cells fail to progress beyond the bone marrow. However, the role of Btk in fully developed, mature peripheral B cells is not well understood. Analysis using BTK inhibitors is complicated by suboptimal inhibition, off-target effects, or failure to eliminate BTK’s adaptor function. Therefore a Btkflox/Cre-ERT2 mouse model was developed and used to excise Btk after B cell populations were established. Mice lacking Btk from birth are known to have reduced follicular (FO) compartments, with expanded transitional populations, suggesting a block in development. In adult Btkflox/Cre-ERT2 mice, Btk excision did not reduce FO B cells, which persisted for weeks. Autoimmune-prone B1 cells also survived conditional Btk excision, contrasting their near absence in global Btk-deficient mice. Therefore, Btk supports BCR signaling during selection into the FO and B1 compartments, but is not needed to maintain these cell populations. B1-related natural IgM levels remained normal, contrasting global Btk deficiency, but B cell proliferation and T-independent type II immunization responses were blunted. Thus, B cells have nuanced signaling responses that are differentially regulated by Btk for development, survival, and function. These findings raise the possibility that Btk may also be expendable for survival of mature human B cells, therefore requiring prolonged dosing to be effective, and that success of BTK inhibitors may depend in part on off-target effects.
Las Relaciones Públicas y la comunicación en los Desastres Naturales. El Caso del sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017 en México
Authors: Valdez Zepeda Andrés , Borrayo Rodríguez Carmen Leticia , Muñoz Guzmán Miguel 
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se trata sobre las relaciones públicas y los desastres naturales. De forma particular, se analiza y se describe el papel que la gestión de la comunicación y las relaciones públicas cumplieron en el sismo del 19 de septiembre del 2017 en México. Además, se describen las diferentes formas de como las relaciones públicas y la comunicación se hacen presentes ante un desastre natural. Se levantó una encuesta entre el 1 y el 6 de octubre del 2017 para conocer la opinión de los ciudadanos de las principales entidades federativas que resultaron afectadas por el sismo. Se concluye que las relaciones públicas son muy útiles para enfrentar, de mejor manera, un desastre y resarcir los daños y desafíos que dichos desastres le generan a la sociedad.
Caractéristiques individuelles et familiales associées à la persistance des troubles du comportement perturbateur chez les enfants
Authors: Goodfellow Melissa , Lapalme Mélanie , Déry Michèle , Lemieux Annie 
Published: February 2018

Caractéristiques individuelles et familiales associées à la persistance des troubles du comportement perturbateur chez les enfants. Cette étude vise à identifier des caractéristiques distinguant les enfants des trajectoires persistante et décroissante des troubles de comportement perturbateur et de vérifier l’effet modérateur du genre. L’échantillon est composé de 268 enfants (28 % de filles) du primaire (M=9,8 ans; é.-t.=1,79 an) recevant des services spécialisés pour difficultés comportementales à l’école. Selon les analyses de trajectoires (six ans) réalisées, 12,3 % d’enfants (24 % de filles) appartiennent à la trajectoire persistante et 32,5 % (30 % de filles) à la trajectoire décroissante. Bien que les enfants des deux trajectoires présentent des vulnérabilités similaires à l’entrée dans l’étude, les analyses de régression multivariées indiquent qu’un tempérament plus réactif augmente la probabilité d’appartenir à la trajectoire persistante chez les filles. Aussi, la présence d’un trouble anxieux et l’absence d’un trouble dépressif chez les parents seraient associées à la trajectoire persistante. Ces résultats soutiennent l’importance de cibler aussi les difficultés des parents lorsque l’on souhaite prévenir la persistance des troubles du comportement.
Rendre la critique créative. La démarche abductive et pragmatique du design
Authors: Berger Estelle 
Published: February 2018

La démarche à la fois abductive et pragmatique du design se nourrit du terrain puis s’en détache pour proposer des scénarii à vivre, se préoccupant de l’expérience humaine dans toutes ses dimensions. Sa vocation est d’« améliorer ou au moins maintenir l’habitabilité du monde » (Findeli, 2010, 292). Basé sur un dialogue entre textes et retours d’expériences de l’auteure, designer chercheuse française, cet article vise à dresser un portrait du praticien réflexif et à dessiner quelques jalons pour outiller sa démarche, portée par un questionnement éthique. Les notions théoriques seront interrogées au regard de l’expérience, des rencontres interdisciplinaires, et des paradoxes de l’identité flexible du praticien réflexif. Renégociant perpétuellement son positionnement ainsi que ses outils, c’est une force à la fois critique et créative que celui-ci cherche à exercer dans les entreprises et la société au sens large.
A profissionalização imposta por decreto: notas sobre a reformulação neoliberal na educação dos trabalhadores brasileiros
Authors: Santos José Deribaldo Gomes dos 
Published: February 2018

<p class="western" style="margin-top: 0.2cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p><p>O Decreto nº 2.208/97, ao impossibilitar a integração da modalidade profissionalizante com o ensino médio, recebeu inúmeras críticas. O Decreto nº 5.154/04, ao repor tal possibilidade, foi elogiado. No entanto, há elementos que aproximam os dois dispositivos. Debater as proximidades entre os dois decretos é o objetivo principal do presente artigo. Tarefa que seja apreendida tendo como orientação a crítica marxista.</p><p class="western" style="margin-top: 0.2cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Garamond,serif;"><span style="background: #ffffff;"><br /></span></span></span></p>
Contribuições de José Carlos Mariátegui às análises em política educacional
Authors: Barão Gilcilene Oliveira Damasceno , Gonçalves Leandro Sartori 
Published: February 2018

<p>O estado da arte no âmbito das políticas educacionais apontam lacunas quanto aos aportes teóricos-metodológicos nas análises dos processos sócios históricos sobre as sociedades latino-americanas. O presente artigo inventaria alguns destes fundamentos teóricos-metodológicos no contexto latino-americano, dialogando com a produção do peruano José Carlos Mariátegui. Desta forma, situa-se o autor, o seu contexto e alguns dos pontos centrais em sua produção sobre educação. Ademais, tem-se como pressuposto que na América Latina, a partir de sua inserção dependente no âmbito da divisão internacional do trabalho, desdobra-se relações específicas de desenvolvimento desigual e combinado na economia, na política e na educação.</p><p> </p>
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Lactams by theStaudinger Reaction
Authors: Landa Aitor , Mielgo Antonia , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the century since Staudinger first reported the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between a ketene and an imine to produce a β‐lactam, many variants, including highly stereoselective versions, have appeared that demonstrate a reliable and versatile transformation which has become the major synthetic entry to β‐lactams and products derived therefrom. Important advances have been made towards understanding the reaction mechanism, which in most cases is a stepwise process, as well as defining the variables which influence stereoselectivity. Successful diastereocontrol of the reaction can be achieved by using chiral auxiliaries attached at the ketene or the imine component, with diastereomeric ratios often above 95:5. Although most stereoselective methods afford β‐lactams with the 3,4‐cisrelative configuration, procedures to generate both monocyclic and bicyclic β‐lactams possessing the 3,4‐transconfiguration are also available. Whereas most current Staudinger protocols employ preformed imines, ketenes tend to be unstable and therefore are usually prepared in situ through dehydrohalogenation of acid chlorides by treatment with an excess of a tertiary amine base, or by in situ activation of carboxylic acids. Alternatively, stereoselective Staudinger reactions involving ketene generation by photolysis of Fisher chromium–carbene complexes or the Wolff rearrangement of α‐diazo carbonyl compounds are also viable. By this methodology stereoisomerically enriched β‐lactams can be prepared with a range of substitution patterns at the N1, C2, and C3 positions. The majority of the Staudinger reaction variants involve the synthesis of 3‐amino‐ and 3‐oxy‐β‐lactams, with fewer examples of 3‐halo‐, 3‐thio‐, or 3‐carbon‐substituted analogues. This chapter also describes applications of the Staudinger reaction to the synthesis of some important β‐lactam and non‐β‐lactam products.
Near Equilibrium 13C18O Bonding During Inorganic Calcite Precipitation Under Chemo‐Stat Conditions
Authors: Levitt Nicholas P. , Eiler John M. , Romanek Christopher S. , Beard Brian L. , Xu Huifang , Johnson Clark M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report results of 13C/12C, 18O/16O, and 13C18O “clumped” isotope analyses from a series of calcite precipitation experiments from aqueous solutions under laboratory conditions. Chemo‐stat precipitation experiments were performed to synthetically form calcite from aqueous solution onto 43Ca‐labeled calcite seed crystals. Formation rate was controlled during the experiments to investigate the effect of precipitation rate and temperature on 13C18O bonding in calcite, where rates ranged from 10−6.88 to 10−8.20 mol m−2 s−1 at three temperatures (10, 20, and 30°C). No relation was observed between precipitation rate and 13C18O bonding proportion over the range of precipitation rates used. The relation between Δ47 and temperature produced was comparable to calibration studies which report a relatively high sensitivity of 13C18O bonding to temperature over the range investigated. Comparing solution conditions across multiple experimental data sets indicates an inverse relation between saturation state and 13C18O bonding, where high super‐saturation conditions are likely to be furthest from equilibrium 13C18O partitioning. Carbon fractionation between calcite and
was found to be a temperature independent value of +1.6‰. The temperature‐dependent calcite‐water 18O/16O fractionation relation determined in this study is slightly different (larger
value) than those measured in several previous investigations. Significantly, we observe a dependence of the 18O/16O isotope fractionation factor on growth rate. Taken together, these findings suggest carbonate growth in our experiments approached equilibrium more closely than previous experiments of this type, yet did not achieve full O isotope equilibrium.
Magnetic Properties and Paleomagnetism of Zebra Rock, Western Australia: Chemical Remanence Acquisition in Hematite Pigment and Ediacaran Geomagnetic Field Behavior
Authors: Abrajevitch Alexandra , Pillans Brad J. , Roberts Andrew P. , Kodama Kazuto 
Published: February 2018

AbstractZebra Rock, a decorative stone remarkable for its unusual pattern of regularly spaced reddish bands and rods with white background, is found within the Neoproterozoic succession in East Kimberley, Western Australia. The unusual pigment distribution suggests that precipitation of hematite, or its precursor phase, occurred in a single episode. Magnetic properties of hematite pigment in Zebra Rock are distinctly different from those of the host shale, with a smaller median particle size and higher degree of structural perfection. The low thermal stability of the Zebra Rock pigment, with onset of thermal alteration at 300°C, suggests that the rocks have not undergone significant metamorphic heating. Stepwise thermal demagnetization reveals multiple magnetization components. Short‐range variability in the relative contributions of the components to the total remanence is indicative of the stochastic nature of the hematite pigment growth process. In addition to seven magnetization components with shallow to intermediate inclinations that can be matched to the Paleozoic Australian apparent polar wander path, Zebra Rock samples contain a distinct steeply dipping magnetization that is not observed in the host shales. The steep magnetization appears to be primary, based on its unique association with the Zebra pattern, dissimilarity with younger directions, and evidence for low degree of thermal alteration of the rocks. The steep characteristic remanence contrasts with previous paleomagnetic indications of low Australian Neoproterozoic paleolatitudes. The characteristic Zebra Rock magnetization is the first Australian example of incompatible magnetization directions that have been reported previously from Ediacaran rocks in Laurentia, Baltica, and Africa.
Wet‐Responsive, Reconfigurable, and Biocompatible Hydrogel Adhesive Films for Transfer Printing of Nanomembranes
Authors: Yi Hoon , Seong Minho , Sun Kahyun , Hwang Insol , Lee Kangseok , Cha Chaenyung , Kim Tae‐il , Jeong Hoon Eui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study presents a wet‐responsive and biocompatible smart hydrogel adhesive that exhibits switchable and controllable adhesions on demand for the simple and efficient transfer printing of nanomembranes. The prepared hydrogel adhesives show adhesion strength as high as ≈191 kPa with the aid of nano‐ or microstructure arrays on the surface in the dry state. When in contact with water, the nano/microscopic and macroscopic shape reconfigurations of the hydrogel adhesive occur, which turns off the adhesion (≈0.30 kPa) with an extremely high adhesion switching ratio (>640). The superior adhesion behaviors of the hydrogels are maintained over repeating cycles of hydration and dehydration, indicating their ability to be used repeatedly. The adhesives are made of a biocompatible hydrogel and their adhesion on/off can be controlled with water, making the adhesives compatible with various materials and surfaces, including biological substrates. Based on these smart adhesion capabilities, diverse metallic and semiconducting nanomembranes can be transferred from donor substrates to either rigid or flexible surfaces including biological tissues in a reproducible and robust fashion. Transfer printing of a nanoscale crack sensor onto a bovine eye further demonstrates the potential of the reconfigurable hydrogel adhesive for use as a stimuli‐responsive, smart, and versatile functional adhesive for nanotransfer printing.
Engineering of Mesoporous Silica Coated Carbon‐Based Materials Optimized for an Ultrahigh Doxorubicin Payload and a Drug Release Activated by pH, T, and NIR‐light
Authors: Wells Connor , Vollin‐Bringel Ophélie , Fiegel Vincent , Harlepp Sébastien , Van der Schueren Benoit , Bégin‐Colin Sylvie , Bégin Dominique , Mertz Damien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmong the challenges in nanomedicine, engineering nanomaterials able to combine imaging and multitherapies is hugely needed to address issues of a personalized treatment. In that context, a novel class of drug releasing and remotely activated nanocomposites based on carbon‐based materials coated with mesoporous silica (MS) and loaded with an outstanding level of the antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DOX) is designed. First, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (called “few‐layer graphene” FLG) are processed to afford a distribution size that is more suitable for nanomedicine applications. Then, the controlled coating of MS shells having a thickness tailored with the sol–gel parameters (amount of precursor, sol–gel time) around the sliced CNTs and exfoliated FLGs is reported. Furthermore, the drug loading in such mesoporous nanocomposites is investigated and the surface modification with an aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) coating leading to a controlled polysiloxane layer provides an ultrahigh payload of DOX (up to several folds the mass of the initial composites). Such new CNT‐based nanocomposites are demonstrated to release DOX at low acidic pH, high temperature (T), and remotely when they are excited by near infrared (NIR) light. Such nanoconstructs may find applications as components of innovative biomedical scaffolds for phototherapy combined with drug delivery.
Mechanically Versatile Soft Machines through Laminar Jamming
Authors: Narang Yashraj S. , Vlassak Joost J. , Howe Robert D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere are two major structural paradigms in robotics: soft machines, which are conformable, durable, and safe; and traditional rigid robots, which are fast, precise, and capable of applying high forces. Here, the paradigms are bridged by enabling soft machines to behave like traditional rigid robots on command. This task is accomplished via laminar jamming, a structural phenomenon in which a laminate of compliant strips becomes strongly coupled through friction when a pressure gradient is applied, causing dramatic changes in mechanical properties. Rigorous analytical and finite element models of laminar jamming are developed, and jamming structures are experimentally characterized to show that the models are highly accurate. Then jamming structures are integrated into soft machines to enable them to selectively exhibit the stiffness, damping, and kinematics of traditional rigid robots. The models allow jamming structures to efficiently meet arbitrary performance specifications, and the physical demonstrations illustrate how to construct systems that can behave like either soft machines or traditional rigid robots at will, such as continuum manipulators that can rapidly have joints appear and disappear. This study aims to foster a new generation of mechanically versatile machines and structures that cannot simply be classified as “soft” or “rigid.”
Nanocarbon‐Based Materials for Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Tian , Liu Mingxian , Zhu Dazhang , Gan Lihua , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBecause of the rapid development of flexible electronics, it is important to develop high‐performance flexible energy‐storage devices, such as supercapacitors and metal‐ion batteries. Compared with metal‐ion batteries, supercapacitors exhibit higher power density, longer cycling life, and excellent safety, and they can be easily fabricated into all‐solid‐state devices by using polymer gel electrolytes. All‐solid‐state supercapacitors (ASSSCs) have the advantages of being lightweight and flexible, thus showing great potential to be used as power sources for flexible portable electronics. Because of their high specific surface area and excellent electrical and mechanical properties, nanocarbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, and so on) have been widely used as efficient electrode materials for flexible ASSSCs, and great achievements have been obtained. Here, the recent advances in flexible ASSSCs are summarized, from design strategies to fabrication techniques for nanocarbon electrodes and devices. Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysis on Pd‐Ni Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Shviro Meital , Polani Shlomi , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Zitoun David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe development of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) is limited by the sluggish reaction at the anode. Even precious group metals (PGMs) are not effective hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalysts in alkaline medium. In this manuscript, the original synthesis of effective HOR electrocatalysts for AEMFC is reported. Here, the limitations of using metal‐organic precursors are described and their replacement with organometallic precursors is proposed. It is shown that completely different nanostructures can be synthesized by the organometallic route, resulting in the formation of NiPd nano‐alloy or Ni@Pd core–shell nanoparticles, instead of Pd@Ni. The presence of both Pd and Ni on the catalyst surface has a drastic effect on its HOR activity, due to a bifunctional electrocatalytic mechanism with hydrogen binding on Pd and OH binding on Ni. The highest activity is measured for NiPd nano‐alloy, whose specific activity reaches and at 0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode at 298 K. These are the highest values reported so far for an NiPd catalyst. By design, the synthetic approach is generic and can be applied to any pair of metals, either PGM or other transition metals, to synthesize alloyed or core–shell electrocatalysts.
Photosensitizer Micelles Together with IDO Inhibitor Enhance Cancer Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Peng Jinrong , Xiao Yao , Li Wenting , Yang Qian , Tan Liwei , Jia Yanpeng , Qu Ying , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe therapeutic outcome of photothermal therapy (PTT) remains impeded by the transparent depth of light. Combining PTT with immunotherapy provides strategies to solve this problem. Regulating metabolism‐related enzymes is a promising strategy to stimulate immune response. Here, a nanosystem (NLG919/IR780 micelles) with the properties of photothermal conversion and regulation of the tryptophan metabolic pathway is used to suppress the growth of the tumor margin beyond effective PTT and promote tumor PTT and immunotherapy. It is revealed that mild heat treatment promotes the growth of the tumor margin beyond effective PTT for the upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP), indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). The NLG919/IR780 micelles can effectively inhibit the activity of IDO but do not affect the level of IDO expression. NLG919/IR780 micelles can effectively accumulate in the tumor and can migrate to lymph nodes and the lymphatic system. In vivo antitumor studies reveal that NLG919/IR780 micelles effectively suppress the growth of tumor margin following PTT in primary tumors. NLG919/IR780 micelle‐mediated PTT and IDO inhibition further stimulate the activation of T lymphocytes, inhibiting the growth of distal tumors (abscopal effect). The results demonstrate that the NLG919/IR780 micelles combine PTT and immunotherapy and suppress the tumor margin as well as distal tumor growth post photothermal therapy.