bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polygenic Risk Score for Breast Cancer in US Latinas and Latin American Women
Authors: Shieh Yiwey , Fejerman Laura , Lott Paul C , Marker Katie , Sawyer Sarah D , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Torres Javier , Echeverry Magdalena , Bohórquez Mabel E , Martínez-Chéquer Juan Carlos , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe , Estrada-Flórez Ana P ,   the COLUMBUS Consortium, Haiman Christopher A , John Esther M , Kushi Lawrence H , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Vidaurre Tatianna , Weitzel Jeffrey N , Zambrano Sandro Casavilca , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G , Ziv Elad , Neuhausen Susan L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer susceptibility have been identified; these SNPs can be combined into polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict breast cancer risk. Because most SNPs were identified in predominantly European populations, little is known about the performance of PRS in non-Europeans. We tested the performance of a 180-SNP PRS in Latinas, a large ethnic group with variable levels of Indigenous American, European, and African ancestry.

Methods
We conducted a pooled case-control analysis of US Latinas and Latin American women (4658 cases and 7622 controls). We constructed a 180-SNP PRS consisting of SNPs associated with breast cancer risk (P &lt; 5 × 10–8). We evaluated the association between the PRS and breast cancer risk using multivariable logistic regression, and assessed discrimination using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also assessed PRS performance across quartiles of Indigenous American genetic ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Of 180 SNPs tested, 142 showed directionally consistent associations compared with European populations, and 39 were nominally statistically significant (P &lt; .05). The PRS was associated with breast cancer risk, with an odds ratio per SD increment of 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI = 1.52 to 1.64) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.63 (95% CI = 0.62 to 0.64). The discrimination of the PRS was similar between the top and bottom quartiles of Indigenous American ancestry.

Conclusions
The 180-SNP PRS predicts breast cancer risk in Latinas, with similar performance as reported for Europeans. The performance of the PRS did not vary substantially according to Indigenous American ancestry.
White mesentery and chylous ascites: an interesting presentation of mesenteric lymphangioma
Authors: Chamberlain Stacey L , Ackermann Travis , Chan Yuen , Ghadiri Marjan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an interesting and unusual case of a 57-year-old woman presenting with symptoms concerning for a bowel obstruction, and diagnostic imaging concerning for an internal hernia. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and was found to have chylous ascites throughout the abdomen, and the extravasation of chyle into the mesentery giving an appearance of a white mesentery. During this case, we will present all of the findings and discuss the unusual underlying pathology.
Environmental and spatial filtering of ladybird beetle community composition and functional traits in urban landscapes
Authors: Liere Heidi , Egerer Monika H , Philpott Stacy M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUrban community gardens provide habitat for biodiversity within urban landscapes. Beneficial insects, those that provide important ecosystem services like pollination and pest control, are among the many inhabitants of these green spaces. Garden management and the composition of the urban matrix in which they are embedded can affect not only the abundance and species richness of beneficial insects but also their community composition and functional traits. During 2014 and 2015 (June to September), we collected ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in 19 community gardens in three counties of the California Central Coast. We examined the effects of garden- and landscape-level characteristics on ladybird community composition and functional traits. Out of the 19 species collected, only 3 were non-native to California (3 were not identified to species). Similarities in ladybird species composition were not driven by geographic distance between gardens, which suggest that beetles in these landscapes are not experiencing dispersal limitation. Instead, three landscape-level environmental variables and seven garden-scale ones correlated with changes in community composition. Even though we perceive cities as highly disturbed low-quality landscapes, our results suggest that highly mobile arthropods such as ladybird beetles, may not perceive the urban matrix as a barrier to movement and that urban gardens can be inhabited by native species with different sizes, diet breadths and diets. Nevertheless, our results also suggest garden specific management practices, such as altering ground cover, can affect the taxonomic and functional composition of ladybird beetles with potential implications to their ecosystem services.
‘Observing’ unrelaxed clusters in dark matter simulations
Authors: Roberts Ian D , Parker Laura C 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of relaxed and unrelaxed galaxy clusters in a large dark matter only simulation. Recent work has demonstrated clear differences between the galaxy populations in clusters that have Gaussian velocity distributions (relaxed) compared to those that do not (unrelaxed). To directly compare with observations, we identify unrelaxed clusters in the simulations using one-dimensional velocity distributions. We show that non-Gaussian clusters have had recent major mergers and enhanced rates of galaxy infall relative to systems with Gaussian velocity profiles. Furthermore, we find that the fraction of non-Gaussian clusters increases strongly with cluster mass and modestly with redshift. For comparison, we also make use of three-dimensional information available in the simulations to explore the impact of projection on observational measurements. Differences between Gaussian and non-Gaussian clusters are much stronger when three-dimensional information is considered, which demonstrates that the strength of oberserved trends with cluster dynamics are diluted because observed velocity information is limited to one line-of-sight.
Signatures of resonance and phase mixing in the Galactic disc
Authors: Hunt Jason A S , Bub Mathew W , Bovy Jo , Mackereth J Ted , Trick Wilma H , Kawata Daisuke 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Gaia DR2 has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the kinematics of stars in the Solar neighbourhood, and has highlighted the degree of features in the Galactic disc. We confront the data with a range of bar and spiral models in both action-angle space, and the RG–vϕ plane. We find that the phase mixing induced by transient spiral structure creates ridges and arches in the local kinematics which are consistent with the Gaia data. We are able to produce a qualitatively good match to the data when combined with a bar with a variety of pattern speeds, and show that it is non-trivial to decouple the effects of the bar and the spiral structure.
Polar alignment of a protoplanetary disc around an eccentric binary – III. Effect of disc mass
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Lubow Stephen H 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
An initially sufficiently misaligned low-mass protoplanetary disc around an eccentric binary undergoes damped nodal oscillations of tilt angle and longitude of ascending node. Dissipation causes evolution towards a stationary state of polar alignment in which the disc lies perpendicular to the binary orbital plane with angular momentum aligned to the eccentricity vector of the binary. We use hydrodynamic simulations and analytical methods to investigate how the mass of the disc affects this process. The simulations suggest that a disc with non-zero mass settles into a stationary state in the frame of the binary, the generalized polar state, at somewhat lower levels of misalignment with respect to the binary orbital plane, in agreement with the analytical model. Provided that discs settle into this generalized polar state, the observational determination of the misalignment angle and binary properties can be used to determine the mass of a circumbinary disc. We apply this constraint to the circumbinary disc in HD 98800. We obtain analytical criteria for polar alignment of a circumbinary ring with mass that approximately agree with the simulation results. Very broad misaligned discs undergo breaking, but the inner regions at least may still evolve to a polar state. The long-term evolution of the disc depends on the evolution of the binary eccentricity that we find tends to decrease. Although the range of parameters required for polar alignment decreases somewhat with increasing disc mass, such alignment appears possible for a broad set of initial conditions expected in protostellar circumbinary discs.
Simultaneous generalized and low-layer SCIDAR turbulence profiles at san pedro mártir observatory
Authors: Avila R , Valdés-Hernández O , Sánchez L J , Cruz-González I , Avilés J L , Tapia-Rodríguez J J , Zúñiga C A 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present optical turbulence profiles obtained with a Generalized SCIDAR (G-SCIDAR) and a low-layer SCIDAR (LOLAS) at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional in San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM), Baja California, Mexico, during three observing campaigns in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The G-SCIDAR delivers profiles with moderate altitude-resolution (a few hundred metres) along the entire turbulent section of the atmosphere, while the LOLAS gives high altitude resolution (on the order of tens of metres) but only within the first few hundred metres. Simultaneous measurements were obtained on 2014 and allowed us to characterize in detail the combined effect of the local orography and wind direction on the turbulence distribution close to the ground. At the beginning of several nights, the LOLAS profiles show that turbulence peaks between 25 and 50 m above the ground, not at ground level as was expected. The G-SCIDAR profiles exhibit a peak within the first kilometre. In 55 per cent and 36 per cent of the nights stable layers are detected between 10 and 15 km and at 3 km, respectively. This distribution is consistent with the results obtained with a G-SCIDAR in 1997 and 2000 observing campaigns. Statistics computed with the 7891 profiles that have been measured at the OAN-SPM with a G-SCIDAR in 1997, 2000, 2014, and 2015 campaigns are presented. The seeing values calculated with each of those profiles have a median of 0.79, first and third quartiles of 0.51 and 1.08 arcsec, which are in close agreement with other long term seeing monitoring performed at the OAN-SPM.
Search for stellar companions of exoplanet host stars by exploring the second ESA-Gaia data release
Authors: Mugrauer M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A new survey is presented, which explores the second data release of the ESA-Gaia mission, in order to search for stellar companions of exoplanet host stars, located at distances closer than about 500 pc around the Sun. In total, 176 binaries, 27 hierarchical triples, and one hierarchical quadruple system are detected among more than 1300 exoplanet host stars, whose multiplicity is investigated, yielding a multiplicity rate of the exoplanet host stars of at least about 15  per cent. The detected companions and the exoplanet host stars are equidistant and share a common proper motion, as it is expected for gravitationally bound stellar systems, proven with their accurate Gaia astrometry. The companions exhibit masses in the range between about 0.078 and 1.4 M⊙ with a peak in their mass distribution between 0.15 and $0.3\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The companions are separated from the exoplanet host stars by about 20 up to 9100 au, but are found most frequently within a projected separation of 1000 au. While most of the detected companions are early M dwarfs, eight white dwarf companions of exoplanet host stars are also identified in this survey, whose true nature is revealed with their photometric properties. Hence, these degenerated companions and the exoplanet host stars form evolved stellar systems with exoplanets, which have survived (physically but also dynamically) the post-main-sequence evolution of their former primary star.
The nascent wind of AGB star R doradus: evidence for a recent episode of enhanced mass loss
Authors: Nhung P T , Hoai D T , Tuan-Anh P , Darriulat P , Diep P N , Phuong N T , Thai T T 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We analyse ALMA observations of the SO(JK = 65 − 54) emission of the circumstellar envelope of oxygen-rich AGB star R Dor, probing distances between 20 and 100 au from the star where the nascent wind is building up. We give evidence for a radial outflow covering very large solid angles and displaying strong inhomogeneity both in direction and radially: it contains multiple cores and has a radial dependence suggesting an episode of enhanced mass loss that occurred a century or so ago. Our analysis also confirms the presence of a previously observed rotating disc.
GWAS Atlas: a curated resource of genome-wide variant-trait associations in plants and animals
Authors: Tian Dongmei , Wang Pei , Tang Bixia , Teng Xufei , Li Cuiping , Liu Xiaonan , Zou Dong , Song Shuhui , Zhang Zhang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
GWAS Atlas (https://bigd.big.ac.cn/gwas/) is a manually curated resource of genome-wide variant-trait associations for a wide range of species. Unlike existing related resources, it features comprehensive integration of a high-quality collection of 75 467 variant-trait associations for 614 traits across 7 cultivated plants (cotton, Japanese apricot, maize, rapeseed, rice, sorghum and soybean) and two domesticated animals (goat and pig), which were manually curated from 254 publications. We integrated these associations into GWAS Atlas and presented them in terms of variants, genes, traits, studies and publications. More importantly, all associations and traits were annotated and organized based on a suite of ontologies (Plant Trait Ontology, Animal Trait Ontology for Livestock, etc.). Taken together, GWAS Atlas integrates high-quality curated GWAS associations for animals and plants and provides user-friendly web interfaces for data browsing and downloading, accordingly serving as a valuable resource for genetic research of important traits and breeding application.
The Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) for Discharge Planning in a Posterior Lumbar Fusion Population
Authors: Glauser Gregory , Piazza Matthew , Berger Ian , Osiemo Benjamin , McClintock Scott D , Winter Eric , Chen H Isaac , Ali Zarina S , Malhotra Neil R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
As the use of bundled care payment models has become widespread in neurosurgery, there is a distinct need for improved preoperative predictive tools to identify patients who will not benefit from prolonged hospitalization, thus facilitating earlier discharge to rehabilitation or nursing facilities.

OBJECTIVE
To validate the use of Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion for predicting discharge disposition.

METHODS
Patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion from June 2016 to February 2017 were prospectively enrolled. RAPT scores and discharge outcomes were recorded for patients aged 50 yr or more (n = 432). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability of RAPT score to predict discharge disposition. Multivariate regression was performed in a backwards stepwise logistic fashion to create a binomial model.

RESULTS
Escalating RAPT score predicts disposition to home (P < .0001). Every unit increase in RAPT score increases the chance of home disposition by 55.8% and 38.6% than rehab and skilled nursing facility, respectively. Further, RAPT score was significant in predicting length of stay (P = .0239), total surgical cost (P = .0007), and 30-d readmission (P < .0001). Amongst RAPT score subcomponents, walk, gait, and postoperative care availability were all predictive of disposition location (P < .0001) for both models. In a generalized multiple logistic regression model, the 3 top predictive factors for disposition were the RAPT score, length of stay, and age (P < .0001, P < .0001 and P = .0001, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Preoperative RAPT score is a highly predictive tool in lumbar fusion patients for discharge disposition.
Terms and nomenclature used for plant-derived components in nutrition and related research: efforts toward harmonization
Authors: Frank Jan , Fukagawa Naomi K , Bilia Anna R , Johnson Elizabeth J , Kwon Oran , Prakash Vish , Miyazawa Teruo , Clifford Michael N , Kay Colin D , Crozier Alan , Erdman John W , Shao Andrew , Williamson Gary 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany terms for plant-derived food components are commonly used in the literature, but there is a notable lack of standardization and definition of nomenclature. The use of terms is often field-specific, leading to misunderstanding and problems with literature searches and systematic reviews, and results in isolated and divided research; this impacts not only publication quality but also innovation, regulatory compliance, and enforcement. To begin to address this issue, this narrative review describes the current use and definition of terms. The terms are either chemical and/or origin-based, such as phytochemical (chemicals from plants), or function-based, such as phytonutrient, bioactive, or nutraceutical. The ultimate goal is to establish a common harmonized, evidence-based understanding for when to use each term, thereby providing clarity and a specific scientific basis for such nomenclature. Neither the quality nor the quantity of evidence needed to allow the use of functional terms such as phytonutrient or nutraceutical is specifically discussed here; rather, it is simply noted that evidence is needed to apply these terms. The next step would be to define the evidence necessary for a compound to have a functional descriptor. The aim in this article is to establish scientific criteria for definitions that could be applied to clearly define and differentiate commonly used terms and thus ensure their consistent application in the scientific literature.
Acquiring a Concept of Visual Experience1
Authors: Andrews Austin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe transparency of visual experience (transparency) is a widely held and important thesis in the philosophy of perception. Critical discussion of transparency has focused on visual experiences, such as the experience of visual blur that are taken to be counter examples to transparency. Here, I consider a novel objection to transparency that does not depend on intuitions about examples. The objection is that if transparency is true then we cannot explain our ability to think about our visual experiences as such. In response to this objection, I develop an account of how we are able to think about our own visual experiences as such that is compatible with transparency.
A mixture of three engineered phosphotriesterases enables rapid detoxification of the entire spectrum of known threat nerve agents
Authors: Despotović Dragana , Aharon Einav , Dubovetskyi Artem , Leader Haim , Ashani Yacov , Tawfik Dan S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNerve agents are organophosphates (OPs) that potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and their enzymatic detoxification has been a long-standing goal. Nerve agents vary widely in size, charge, hydrophobicity and the cleavable ester bond. A single enzyme is therefore unlikely to efficiently hydrolyze all agents. Here, we describe a mixture of three previously developed variants of the bacterial phosphotriesterase (Bd-PTE) that are highly stable and nearly sequence identical. This mixture enables effective detoxification of a broad spectrum of known threat agents—GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GF (cyclosarin), VX and Russian-VX. The potential for dimer dissociation and exchange that could inactivate Bd-PTE has minimal impact, and the three enzyme variants are as active in a mixture as they are individually. To our knowledge, this engineered enzyme ‘cocktail’ comprises the first solution for enzymatic detoxification of the entire range of threat nerve agents.
Between National Polarization and Local Ideology: The Impact of Partisan Competition on State Medicaid Expansion Decisions
Authors: Meyer-Gutbrod Joshua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to grant states the authority to reject Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act without penalty threatened the implementation of this polarized health policy. While many Republican-controlled states followed their national allies and rejected Medicaid expansion, others engaged in bipartisan implementation. Why were some Republican states willing to reject the national partisan agenda and cooperate with Democrats in Washington? I focus on the role of electoral competition within states. I conclude that although electoral competition has been shown to encourage partisan polarization within the states, the combination of intergovernmental implementation and Medicaid expansion’s association with public welfare reverses this dynamic. I employ a Cox proportional-hazards model to examine the impact of state partisan ideology and competition on the likelihood of state Medicaid expansion. I find that strong inter-party competition mitigates the impact of more extreme partisan ideologies, encouraging potentially bipartisan negotiation with the federal administration.
To Bubble or Not? A Systematic Review of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Nørgaard Mathilde , Stagstrup Cecilie , Lund Stine , Poulsen Anja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Bubble-continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is a simple, low-cost ventilation therapy with the potential to lower morbidity and mortality in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Aim
To examine (i) whether bCPAP is a safe and effective treatment for children in all age-groups presenting with respiratory distress from any cause, (ii) LMIC-implemented bCPAP devices including their technical specifications and costs and (iii) the setting and level of health care bCPAP has been implemented in.

Method
A systematic search was performed of Embase, PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: bCPAP for children with respiratory distress in all age groups in LMICs. Database searches were performed up to 1 November 2018.

Results
A total of 24 publications were eligible for the review. For neonates bCPAP was superior in improving survival and clinical progression compared with oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation (MV). In two studies bCPAP was superior to low flow oxygen in reducing mortality in children 29 days to 13 months. Respiratory rate reductions were significant across all ages. Only three of six studies in children of all ages evaluated serious adverse events. In 12 studies comprising 1338 neonates treated with bCPAP, pneumothorax was reported 27 times. The majority of studies were carried out at tertiary hospitals in middle-income countries and 50% implemented the most expensive bCPAP-device.

Conclusion
In neonates and children below 13 months bCPAP is a safe treatment improving clinical outcomes and reducing the need for MV, without an increase in mortality. High-quality studies from non-tertiary settings in low-income countries are needed.