bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABO‐incompatible deceased donor pediatric liver transplantation: Novel titer‐based management protocol and outcomes
Authors: Mysore Krupa R. , Himes Ryan W. , Rana Abbas , Teruya Jun , Desai Moreshwar S. , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Zaruca Kimberly , Calvert Andrea , Guffey Danielle , Minard Charles G. , Morita Eda , Hensch Lisa , Losos Michael , Kostousov Vadim , Hui Shiu‐Ki Rocky , Orange Jordan S. , Goss John A. , Nicholas Sarah K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractABO‐ILT have re‐emerged as an alternate option for select patients awaiting transplant. However, treatment protocols for children undergoing deceased donor ABO‐ILT are not standardized. We implemented a novel IS protocol for children undergoing deceased donor ABO‐ILT based on pretransplant IH titers. Children with high pretransplant IH titers (≥1:32) underwent an enhanced IS protocol including plasmapheresis, rituximab, IVIG, and mycophenolate, while children with IH titers ≤1:16 received steroids and tacrolimus. We retrospectively assessed our outcomes of ABO‐ILT with ABO‐compatible recipients of similar age and diagnosis over a 2‐year period. Ten children with median age of 8.9 months underwent ABO‐ILT, 4 of 10 patients underwent enhanced IS due to high IH titers. Rates of complications (rejection, infections, biliary, and vascular) at both 1 year and up to 3 years post‐transplant were comparable between the groups. Patients with ABO‐ILT had good graft function with 100% survival at a median follow‐up of 3.3 years. In conclusion, IS tailored to pretransplant IH titers in pediatric deceased donor ABO‐ILT is feasible and can achieve outcomes similar to ABO‐CLT at 1 and 3 years post‐transplantation.
Utility of screening echocardiogram after endomyocardial biopsy for identification of cardiac perforation or tricuspid valve injury
Authors: Peng David M. , Kipps Alaina K. , Palmon Michal , Tacy Theresa A. , Peng Lynn F. , Hollander Seth A. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPer protocol, our institution obtains echocardiograms immediately after each EMB to rule out procedural complication. We sought to determine the incidence of echocardiogram‐detected cardiac perforation and TV injury and to evaluate the utility of routine screening echocardiogram after each EMB in the current era. At a single center, 99% (1917/1942) EMB performed in 162 patients were immediately followed by an echocardiogram per protocol. There were five newly diagnosed pericardial effusions, and only one required pericardiocentesis. In the three echocardiograms demonstrating new flail TV, only one patient underwent surgical repair 2 months later. This study demonstrates the very low incidence of significant hemopericardium and TV injury after EMB in pediatric heart transplant recipients and argues against the utility of post‐EMB echocardiograms to screen solely for procedural complications.
Identity and expression processing during classical conditioning with faces
Authors: Rehbein Maimu A. , Pastor Maria Carmen , Moltó Javier , Poy Rosario , López‐Penadés Raül , Junghöfer Markus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn classical conditioning, conditioned responses (CRs) to aversively paired (CS+) relative to unpaired (CS‐) face images are often interpreted in terms of the specific individual displayed in the CS + face image having adopted an aversive emotional connotation. This interpretation requires conditioning to rely on an association between CS + face identity and the occurrence of the aversive event (UCS). Here, we tested this requirement assuming that if an association between CS + face identity and UCS occurrence is established, CRs to originally conditioned face images should transfer to novel images of same‐identity faces. Forty‐eight participants underwent MultiCS conditioning with eight neutral faces as CSs and electric shock as UCS. Central, peripheral, evaluative, and behavioral CRs signaled successful emotional learning (as reported in Pastor et al., 2015). Behavioral and EEG responses of consecutive passive viewing showed enhanced reactions to novel angry and happy expressions of previously shocked CS + versus nonshocked CS‐ identities, indicating successful CR transfer within the dimension of face identity. Investigating the nature of CR transfer, EEG revealed an interaction of identity and expression information during face processing that followed emotional congruency (i.e., stronger reactions to congruent angry CS + and happy CS‐ vs. incongruent angry CS‐ and happy CS + compounds). While correlates of transfer appeared in late and midlatency time intervals, the congruency interaction became significant within the first 100 ms of face processing. Our results suggest conditioning to rely on an association of UCS occurrence with CS + identity and point to fast dynamic interrelations between identity and expression processing.
Presaccadic EEG activity predicts visual saliency in free‐viewing contour integration
Authors: Van Humbeeck Nathalie , Meghanathan Radha Nila , Wagemans Johan , van Leeuwen Cees , Nikolaev Andrey R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile viewing a scene, the eyes are attracted to salient stimuli. We set out to identify the brain signals controlling this process. In a contour integration task, in which participants searched for a collinear contour in a field of randomly oriented Gabor elements, a previously established model was applied to calculate a visual saliency value for each fixation location. We studied brain activity related to the modeled saliency values, using coregistered eye tracking and EEG. To disentangle EEG signals reflecting salience in free viewing from overlapping EEG responses to sequential eye movements, we adopted generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) to single epochs of saccade‐related EEG. We found that, when saliency at the next fixation location was high, amplitude of the presaccadic EEG activity was low. Since presaccadic activity reflects covert attention to the saccade target, our results indicate that larger attentional effort is needed for selecting less salient saccade targets than more salient ones. This effect was prominent in contour‐present conditions (half of the trials), but ambiguous in the contour‐absent condition. Presaccadic EEG activity may thus be indicative of bottom‐up factors in saccade guidance. The results underscore the utility of GAMM for EEG—eye movement coregistration research.
Maintenance of grafting‐induced epigenetic variations in the asexual progeny of Brassica oleracea and B. juncea chimera
Authors: Yu Ningning , Cao Liwen , Yuan Lu , Zhi Xiao , Chen Yiqian , Gan Susheng , Chen Liping 
Published: August 2018

SummaryGrafting‐induced variations have been observed in many plant species, but the heritability of variation in progeny is not well understood. In our study, adventitious shoots from the C cell lineage of shoot apical meristem (SAM) grafting chimera TCC (where the origin of the outmost, middle and innermost cell layers, respectively, of SAM is designated by ‘T’ for tuber mustard and ‘C’ for red cabbage) were induced and identified as r‐CCC (r = regenerated). To investigate the maintenance of grafting variations during cell propagation and regeneration, different generations of asexual progeny (r‐CCCn, n = generation) were established through successive regeneration of axillary shoots from r‐CCC. The fourth generation of r‐CCC (r‐CCC4) was selected to perform whole genome bisulfite sequencing for comparative analysis of hetero‐grafting‐induced global methylation changes relative to r‐s‐CCC4 (s = self‐grafting). Increased CHH methylation levels and proportions were observed in r‐CCC4, with substantial changes occurring in the repeat elements. Small RNA sequencing revealed 1135 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) tags that were typically expressed in r‐CCC, r‐CCC2 and r‐CCC4. Notably, 65% of these specific siRNAs were associated with repeat elements, termed RE siRNAs. Subsequent analysis revealed that the CHH methylation of RE siRNA‐overlapping regions was mainly hypermethylation in r‐CCC4, indicating that they were responsible for directing and maintaining grafting‐induced CHH methylation. Moreover, the expression of 13 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) correlated with the phenotypic variation, showing differential expression levels between r‐CCC4 and r‐s‐CCC4. These DMGs were predominantly CG hypermethylated, their methylation modifications corresponded to the transcription of relative methyltransferase.
Venous oxygen saturation in critical illness
Authors: Walton Rebecca A.L. , Hansen Bernie D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo review clinically relevant features of systemic oxygen delivery and consumption and the technique and use of venous oxygenation monitoring in human and veterinary medicine.Data sourcesVeterinary and human peer‐reviewed medical literature including scientific reviews, clinical and laboratory research articles, and authors’ clinical research experience.SummaryMeasurement of venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation (venous oxygenation) provides insight into the balance between oxygen supply and tissue demand. In people, measurement of venous oxygen saturation can reveal decompensation that is missed by physical examination and other routinely monitored parameters. Therefore, measurement of mixed or central venous oxygenation measurement may help guide therapy and predict outcome of critically ill patients. In dogs, low central venous oxygen saturation has been associated with impaired cardiopulmonary function and poor outcome in several small studies of experimental shock or severe clinical illness, suggesting that monitoring this variable may assist the treatment of severe illness in this species as well.ConclusionVenous oxygenation reflects systemic oxygenation status and can be used to guide treatment and estimate prognosis in critically ill patients. Measurement of venous oxygenation in veterinary patients is feasible and is a potentially valuable tool in the management of patients with severe disease. This review is intended to increase the understanding and awareness of the potential role of venous oxygen measurement in veterinary patients.
Vasovagal reaction in blood donors: prediction and its impact on donor return
Authors: Wong Hoi‐kei , Chu Cherry Chui‐yee , Lau Ching‐wa , Leung Jennifer Ngar‐sze , Lee Idy Yik‐mun , Lee Cheuk‐kwong 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundMaintaining safe and adequate blood supply with minimal adverse events is the dual responsibility of all blood centres. Vasovagal reactions are of particular concern because they are relatively common, may cause injuries and are a rather important disincentive for subsequent donation. It is therefore, of utmost interest to identify those at risk.MethodThis is a retrospective study of whole blood donations made in 2012–14. Chi‐square test, logistic regression and stratification are applied for statistical analysis.ResultOf 729,347 whole blood donations, vasovagal reactions occurred at 1·504%. Young age, first‐time donation, female and low body weight are important predictors and their adjusted odds ratios are 7·2 (age < 20 versus ≥50; 95% CI: 6·3, 8·3), 2·3 (first‐time versus repeat donors; 95% CI: 2·2, 2·4), 1·9 (female versus male; 95% CI: 1·8, 2·0) and 1·8 (weight < 50 kg versus ≥70 kg; 95% CI: 1·7, 2·0), respectively. This study also confirms that those with vasovagal reactions are much less likely to return with odds ratio of 4·4 (95% CI: 4·2, 4·6).ConclusionAs those with vasovagal reactions are significantly less likely to come back, it is recommended that high‐risk groups should be identified. The value of decreased vasovagal reactions would result in improved donor safety, higher donor satisfaction, better donor retention and potentially reduced costs. Application of risk reduction strategies should be implemented as part of the ongoing effort to contribute to more adequate and safer blood to be provided.
Long‐term pulmonary vascular consequences of perinatal insults
Authors: Goss Kara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopment of the pulmonary circulation is a critical component of fetal lung development, and continues throughout infancy and childhood, marking an extended window of susceptibility to vascular maldevelopment and maladaptation. Perinatal vascular insults may result in abnormal vascular structure or function, including decreased angiogenic signaling and vascular endowment, impaired vasoreactivity through increased pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction and remodeling, or enhanced genetic susceptibility to pulmonary vascular disease through epigenetic modifications or germline mutations. Although some infants develop early onset pulmonary hypertension, due to the unique adaptive capabilities of the immature host many do not have clinically evident early pulmonary vascular dysfunction. These individuals remain at increased risk for development of late‐onset pulmonary hypertension, and may be particularly susceptible to secondary insults. This review will address the role of perinatal vascular insults in the development of late pulmonary vascular dysfunction with an effort to highlight areas of critical research need.
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A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp
Authors: Ma Liang , Cissé Ousmane H. , Kovacs Joseph A. 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYPneumocystis, a unique atypical fungus with an elusive lifestyle, has had an important medical history. It came to prominence as an opportunistic pathogen that not only can cause life-threatening pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies but also can colonize the lungs of healthy individuals from a very early age. The genusPneumocystisincludes a group of closely related but heterogeneous organisms that have a worldwide distribution, have been detected in multiple mammalian species, are highly host species specific, inhabit the lungs almost exclusively, and have never convincingly been culturedin vitro, makingPneumocystisa fascinating but difficult-to-study organism. Improved molecular biologic methodologies have opened a new window into the biology and epidemiology ofPneumocystis. Advances include an improved taxonomic classification, identification of an extremely reduced genome and concomitant inability to metabolize and grow independent of the host lungs, insights into its transmission mode, recognition of its widespread colonization in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts, and utilization of strain variation to study drug resistance, epidemiology, and outbreaks of infection among transplant patients. This review summarizes these advances and also identifies some major questions and challenges that need to be addressed to better understandPneumocystisbiology and its relevance to clinical care.
Impact of baseline Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale scores on visual outcomes in the VIVID-DME and VISTA-DME studies
Authors: Staurenghi Giovanni , Feltgen Nicolas , Arnold Jennifer J , Katz Todd A , Metzig Carola , Lu Chengxing , Holz Frank G 
Published: August 2018

Background/aimsTo evaluate intravitreal aflibercept versus laser in subgroups of patients with baseline Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) scores ≤43, 47, and ≥53 in VIVID-DME and VISTA-DME.MethodsPatients with diabetic macular oedema were randomised to receive intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg every 4 weeks (2q4), intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg every 8 weeks after five initial monthly doses (2q8), or macular laser photocoagulation at baseline with sham injections at every visit. These post hoc analyses evaluate outcomes based on baseline DRSS scores in patients in the integrated dataset. The 2q4 and 2q8 treatment groups were also pooled.Results748 patients had a baseline DRSS score based on fundus photographs (≤43, n=301; 47, n=153; ≥53, n=294). At week 100, the least squares mean difference between treatment groups (effect of intravitreal aflibercept above that of laser, adjusting for baseline best-corrected visual acuity) was 8.9 (95% CI 5.99 to 11.81), 9.7 (95% CI 5.54 to 13.91), and 11.0 (95% CI 7.96 to 14.1) letters in those with baseline DRSS scores ≤43, 47, and ≥53, respectively. The proportions of patients with ≥2 step DRSS score improvement were greater in the intravitreal aflibercept group versus laser, respectively, for those with baseline DRSS scores of ≤43 (13% vs 5.9%), 47 (25.8% vs 4.5%), and ≥53 (64.5% vs 28.4%).ConclusionsRegardless of baseline DRSS score, functional outcomes were superior in intravitreal aflibercept-treated patients, demonstrating consistent treatment benefit across various baseline levels of retinopathy.Trial registration numbersNCT01331681 and NCT01363440, Post-results.
Step oximetry test: a validation study
Authors: Fox Benjamin Daniel , Sheffy Nadav , Vainshelboim Baruch , Fuks Leonardo , Kramer Mordechai R 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionStep climbing is a potentially useful modality for testing exercise capacity. However, there are significant variations between test protocols and lack of consistent validation against gold standard cycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The purpose of the study was to validate a novel technique of exercise testing using a dedicated device.MethodsWe built a step oximetry device from an adapted aerobics step and pulse oximeter connected to a computer. Subjects performed lung function tests, a standard incremental cycle CPET and also a CPET while stepping on and off the step oximetry device to maximal exertion. Data from the step oximetry device were processed and correlated with standard measurements of pulmonary function and cycle CPET.ResultsWe recruited 89 subjects (57 years, 50 men). Oxygen uptake (VO2) was 0.9 mL/kg/min (95% CI −3.6 to 5.4) higher in the step test compared with the gold standard cycle CPET, p<0.001. VO2in the two techniques was highly correlated (R=0.87, p<0.001). Work rate during stair climbing showed the best correlation with VO2(R=0.69, p<0.0001). Desaturation during step climbing correlated negatively with diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r=−0.43, p<0.005). No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsThe step oximetry test was a maximal test of exertion in the subjects studied, achieving slightly higher VO2than during the standard test. The test was safe to perform and well tolerated by the patients. Parameters derived from the step oximetry device correlated well with gold standard measurements. The step oximetry test could become a useful and standardisable exercise test for clinical settings where advanced testing is not available or appropriate.
Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease in a nested case–control study of US men
Authors: Hughes Katherine C , Gao Xiang , Baker Jessica M , Stephen Christopher , Kim Iris Y , Valeri Linda , Schwarzschild Michael A , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSeveral non-motor features may individually contribute to identify prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD), but little is known on how they interact.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study nested within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study in a large cohort of men age 40–75 at recruitment in 1986. Cases (n=120) had confirmed PD, were<85 in January 2012, returned a 2012 questionnaire with questions on probable rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and constipation sent to all cohort participants and completed in 2014 the Brief Smell Identification Test and a questionnaire assessing parkinsonism and other non-motor PD features (including depressive symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired colour vision and body pain). Controls (n=6479) met the same criteria as cases, except for the PD diagnosis.ResultsConcurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia were present in 29.3% of cases and 1.1% of controls, yielding an age-adjusted OR of 160(95%CI 72.8to353) for three features versus none. The odds of PD increased exponentially with additional non-motor features (OR for 6–7 features versus none: 1325; 95%CI333to5279). Among men without PD, the number of non-motor features was associated with odds of parkinsonism (OR for 6–7 features versus none: 89; 95%CI21.2to375). We estimated that in a population with a prodromal PD prevalence of 2%, concurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia would have a maximum sensitivity of 29% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 35%. The PPV could increase up to 70% by including additional features, but with sharply decreased sensitivity.ConclusionsConcurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia are strongly associated with PD. Because these features often precede motor symptoms and their co-occurrence could provide an efficient method for early PD identification.
Association between alcohol exposure and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Euro-MOTOR study
Authors: D'Ovidio Fabrizio , Rooney James P K , Visser Anne E , Manera Umberto , Beghi Ettore , Logroscino Giancarlo , Vermeulen Roel C H , Veldink Jan Herman , van den Berg Leonard H , Hardiman Orla , Chiò Adriano 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesSeveral studies focused on the association between alcohol consumption and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although with inconsistent findings. Antioxidants may play a role since lyophilised red wine was found to prolong SOD1 mice lifespan. The aim of this international population-based case–control study performed in Ireland, The Netherlands and Italy was to assess the role of alcohol, and red wine in particular, in developing ALS.MethodsEuro-MOTOR is a case–control study where patients with incident ALS and controls matched for gender, age and area of residency were recruited in a population-based design. Logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, cohort, education, leisure time physical activity, smoking, heart problems, hypertension, stroke, cholesterol and diabetes were performed.Results1557 patients with ALS and 2922 controls were enrolled in the study. Exposure to alcohol drinking was not significantly associated with ALS risk. A stratified analysis of exposure to alcohol by cohort revealed significant ORs in The Netherlands and in Apulia, with opposite directions (respectively 0.68 and 2.38). With regard to red wine consumption, only in Apulia the double-fold increased risk (OR 2.53) remained significant. A decreased risk was found for current alcohol drinkers (OR 0.83), while a significantly increased risk was detected among former drinkers (OR 1.63). Analysis of cumulative exposure to alcohol revealed no significant associations with ALS risk.ConclusionWith few exceptions, no significant association was found between alcohol consumption and ALS. The study of the association between alcohol and ALS requires a thorough exploration, especially considering the role of different type of alcoholic beverages.
AAC Scotty cranberry common bean
Authors: Hou Anfu , Conner Robert L. , Balasubramanian Parthiba M. 
Published: August 2018

AAC Scotty (CFIA registration No. 8374) is a high-yielding cranberry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a large seed size and resistance to races 73 and 105 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research and Development Centre in Morden, MB. AAC Scotty is adapted to the dry bean producing regions of the Red River Valley with an average maturity of 97 d. AAC Scotty has acceptable cooking and canning quality.