bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution by poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) nanofibre membranes modified with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Wang Wen , Fan Zhuizhui , Zhu Qing , Li Mufang , Liu Ke , Yan Kelu , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2019

In this paper, highly absorbent poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) nanofibre membranes modified by β‐cyclodextrin were prepared to adsorb dyestuff from water, and 1,2,3,4‐butanetetra carboxylic acid was used as a crosslinking agent, which greatly enhanced the adsorption capacity of the modified membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the surface morphology and chemical structures of the membranes. Methylene Blue (MB) was used as the main adsorbed dye. The effect of pH value and concentration of the MB solution were also investigated, and equilibrium adsorption reached 139.2 mg/g when the pH value was 10.0. The adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and was in accord with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Moreover, the modified membranes proved to have selective adsorption, especially for some cationic dyes other than MB, and had the potential to be recycled multiple times.
Early magnetic resonance imaging to detect presymptomatic leptomeningeal angioma in children with suspected Sturge–Weber syndrome
Authors: Bar Claire , Pedespan Jean‐Michel , Boccara Olivia , Garcelon Nicolas , Levy Raphael , Grévent David , Boddaert Nathalie , Nabbout Rima 
Published: May 2019

AimWe aimed to evaluate the contribution of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the presymptomatic diagnosis of Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) in infants with a facial port‐wine birthmark (PWB).MethodAsymptomatic infants with a facial PWB who performed a first MRI scan before 3 months and a second MRI scan after 9 months were included in this study. Leptomeningeal enhancement on T1‐weighted imaging and four indirect signs of leptomeningeal angioma (choroid plexus enlargement, cerebral atrophy, signal inversion of the white matter with T2 hyposignal, and T1 hypersignal) were screened on the first MRI scan and correlated with clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of SWS.ResultsThirteen of 30 included patients had SWS with leptomeningeal angioma. Eleven had a leptomeningeal enhancement on the first MRI scan and 10 had associated indirect signs. The presence of a direct or at least one indirect sign of leptomeningeal angioma on the first MRI scan confirmed the diagnosis of SWS with a sensitivity of 100 per cent (95% confidence interval 75–100%) and a specificity of 94 per cent (71–100%).InterpretationEarly diagnosis of SWS is possible on contrast‐enhanced MRI performed in asymptomatic infants with a facial PWB before the age of 3 months. This early detection would help to select patients who may benefit from early neuroprotective intervention.What this paper adds

Specific magnetic resonance imaging markers provide early diagnosis of leptomeningeal angioma in Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS).

Presymptomatic diagnosis of SWS should help to select patients for early therapy intervention.
Precipitation on abscised leaves modulates leaf‐mining beetle (Trachys yanoi) survivorship and population dynamics
Authors: Ohsawa Masashi , Iijima Hayato 
Published: May 2019

1. We clarified the effects of early leaf abscission on the survivorship of the leaf‐mining beetle Trachys yanoi Y. Kurosawa (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and the underlying mechanism in relation to weather conditions in Japan. Trachys yanoi is an insect pest of zelkova trees [Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino (Rosales: Ulmaceae)]. Larvae burrow into zelkova leaves and feed on leaf tissue, causing early leaf abscission.2. This study investigated the relationship between the beetle population and weather conditions over 10 years in a zelkova forest. The effects of moisture and temperature on adult emergence from early abscised leaves were examined in the laboratory and in the field.3. The beetle population in the studied forest was negatively affected by high precipitation levels when the beetles still inhabited early abscised leaves. Fewer adults emerged from early abscised leaves under wet conditions than under dry conditions, in both laboratory and field tests.4. These results demonstrate that early leaf abscission plays an important role in leaf‐mining beetle survivorship and population dynamics, and that the amount of precipitation when leaf‐mining beetles still inhabit early abscised leaves modulates this effect.5. Because precipitation when leaf‐mining beetles still inhabit early abscised leaves was mainly driven by an East Asian rainy season front, the beetle population dynamics were affected by the activity of the front.
A new exon 12 mutation in the EPAS1 gene possibly associated with erythrocytosis
Authors: Schelker Roland Christian , Herr Wolfgang , Grassinger Jochen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn secondary erythrocytosis, the elevated red cell count is powered by factors outside the erythroid compartment, for instance by raised erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis based on congenital defects of the oxygen‐sensing pathway. The principal transcriptional regulator of EPO synthesis is endothelial PAS domain‐containing protein 1 (EPAS 1).We present here the first report of a patient with erythrocytosis involving a mutation of amino acid 525 in EPAS1. The p.Asp525His mutation affects a residue that is farthermost from primary functional site Pro‐531 of any of the erythrocytosis‐related mutations that have been identified up to now.
Artificial selection causes significant linkage disequilibrium among multiple unlinked genes in Australian wheat
Authors: Joukhadar Reem , Daetwyler Hans D. , Gendall Anthony R. , Hayden Matthew J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAustralia has one of the oldest modern wheat breeding programs worldwide although the crop was first introduced to the country in 1788. Breeders selected wheat with high adaptation to different Australian climates, while ensuring satisfactory yield and quality. This artificial selection left distinct genomic signatures that can be used to retrospectively understand breeding targets, and to detect economically important alleles. To study the effect of artificial selection on modern cultivars and cultivars released in different Australian states, we genotyped 482 Australian cultivars representing the history of wheat breeding in Australia since 1840. Computer simulation showed that 86 genomic regions were significantly affected by artificial selection. Characterization of 18 major genes known to affect wheat adaptation, yield, and quality revealed that many were affected by artificial selection and contained within regions under selection. Similarly, many reported QTL and genes for yield, quality, and adaptation were also contained in regions affected by artificial selection. These included TaCwi‐A1, TaGw2‐6A, Sus‐2B, TaSus1‐7A, TaSAP1‐7A, Glu‐A1, Glu‐B1, Glu‐B3, PinA, PinB, Ppo‐D1, Psy‐A1, Psy‐A2, Rht‐A1, Rht‐B1, Ppd‐D1, Vrn‐A1, Vrn‐B1, and Cre8. Interestingly, 17 regions affected by artificial selection were in moderate‐to‐high linkage disequilibrium with each other with an average r2 value of 0.35 indicating strong simultaneous selection on specific alleles. These regions included Glu‐B1, TaGw2‐6A, Cre8, Ppd‐D1, Rht‐B1, Vrn‐B1, TaSus1‐7A, TaSAP1‐7A, and Psy‐A1 plus multiple QTL affecting wheat yield and yield components. These results highlighted the effects of the long‐term artificial selection on Australian wheat germplasm and identified putative regions underlying important traits in wheat.
Domiciliary dental care among homebound older adults: A nested case–control study in Japan
Authors: Ishimaru Miho , Ono Sachiko , Morita Kojiro , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: May 2019

AimImproving the availability of dental care is essential to maintain older adults’ general health and wellbeing. Domiciliary dental care is a feasible alternative. The present study aimed to investigate factors affecting the use of domiciliary dental care among home‐dwelling dependent older adults.MethodsA retrospective nested case–control study was carried out. We identified long‐term care recipients who used home care services between April 2012 and March 2014 using Japan's nationwide long‐term care service claim database. One‐to‐one case–control matching was carried out between those with and without domiciliary dental care, based on sex, age and the time home care service use was started. We carried out multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses to assess various factors associated with using domiciliary dental care.ResultsWe identified 3 377 998 eligible homebound long‐term care beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. Of these, 278 302 (8.2%) received domiciliary dental care. Factors associated with a higher probability of receiving domiciliary dental care were: higher level of care need (odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93–2.06), exemption from out‐of‐pocket payment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.32–1.39]), living in a group home (OR 7.93, 95% CI 7.71–8.16), using other domiciliary services such as physician visits (OR 3.15, 95% CI 3.08–3.22) and a large number of dental clinics providing domiciliary dental care in their municipality (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.70–1.77). Significant barriers to receiving domiciliary dental care were living alone (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.62–0.66) and dementia (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.88–0.91).ConclusionsOur findings might help to improve the availability of dental care in this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 679–683.
Loss of the small GTPase Arl8b results in abnormal development of the roof plate in mouse embryos
Authors: Hashimoto Keisuke , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Kishi Yusuke , Kikko Yorifumi , Takasaki Kanako , Maeda Yurie , Matsumoto Yudai , Oka Miho , Miura Masayuki , Ohata Shinya , Katada Toshiaki , Kontani Kenji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for degrading both exogenous and endogenous materials. The small GTPase Arl8 localizes primarily to lysosomes and is involved in lysosomal function. In the present study, using Arl8b gene‐trapped mutant (Arl8b−/−) mice, we show that Arl8b is required for the development of dorsal structures of the neural tube, including the thalamus and hippocampus. In embryonic day (E) 10.5 Arl8b−/− embryos, Sox1 (a neuroepithelium marker) was ectopically expressed in the roof plate, whereas the expression of Gdf7 and Msx1 (roof plate markers) was reduced in the dorsal midline of the midbrain. Ectopic expression of Sox1 in Arl8b−/− embryos was detected also at E9.0 in the neural fold, which gives rise to the roof plate. In addition, the levels of Bmp receptor IA and phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 (downstream of BMP signaling) were increased in the neural fold of E9.0 Arl8b−/− embryos. These results suggest that Arl8b is involved in the development of the neural fold and the subsequently formed roof plate, possibly via control of BMP signaling.
Clearance of FGF‐23 during continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Christov Marta , Ix Joachim H. , Waikar Sushrut S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFGF‐23 is a 32 kDa protein that is a key regulator of phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism. Emerging evidence also demonstrates that FGF‐23 increases within 24 hours of acute kidney injury (AKI) and may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We conducted this study to evaluate FGF23 clearance during continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in critically ill patients with AKI. We demonstrate that plasma clearance of FGF‐23 during CVVH is ∼11 mL/min and the mean sieving coefficient is 0.27 ± 0.1. Future studies will need to clarify FGF‐23's role in adverse outcomes among AKI patients, and whether therapies aimed at reducing FGF‐23 levels may be beneficial.
The relationship between serum magnesium levels and mortality in non‐diabetic hemodialysis patients: A 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Shimohata Homare , Yamashita Marina , Ohgi Kentaro , Tsujimoto Ryuji , Maruyama Hiroshi , Takayasu Mamiko , Hirayama Kouichi , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction Recently, although there are many reports showing that serum magnesium concentration is a predictor of mortality in dialysis patients, the observation periods of those reports were of short duration, typically around 12 months. Thus, we investigated this relationship over a longer follow‐up period.Methods This retrospective, observational study included a total of 83 non‐diabetic hemodialysis patients. The follow‐up period was 120 months. Patients were divided into two groups, those with serum magnesium ≥2.5 mg/dL (Mg ≥2.5 mg/dL group) and serum magnesium <2.5 mg/dL (Mg <2.5 mg/dL group), and Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis were conducted. In addition to the above analysis, single and multiple regression analysis were performed at baseline to reveal the relationship between serum magnesium and clinical parameters.Findings During the follow‐up period, 31 out of 83 patients died. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed a significantly higher incidence of death in the Mg <2.5 mg/dL group (log‐rank test 4.951, P = 0.026). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed a 62% decreased risk of mortality in the Mg ≥2.5 mg/dL group compared to the Mg <2.5 mg/dL group after adjustment for several confounding factors. Simple correlation coefficient analysis showed positive correlations of serum magnesium levels with serum creatinine, phosphorus, high‐density lipoprotein, ankle‐brachial index and KT/V, and a negative correlation with age. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ankle‐brachial index was the only parameter that had a positive and significant correlation with the serum magnesium level.Conclusion Our study demonstrated that higher serum magnesium levels were associated with improved survival in non‐diabetic hemodialysis patients.
Zonisamide for Cluster Headache Prophylaxis: A Case Series
Authors: Limmer Allison L. , Holland Levi C. , Loftus Brian D. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThere is very little literature surrounding the prophylactic use of zonisamide in cluster headaches. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of zonisamide for prophylaxis of cluster headache in patients with chronic or episodic cluster headache.BackgroundBoth chronic and episodic cluster headaches are debilitating disorders which are often refractory to multiple prophylactic medication regimens. There is a scarcity of research in this area, and current prophylactic options for patients are fairly limited, which is troublesome for affected patients. Zonisamide is an established antiepileptic with a multifactorial mechanism of action which has shown to be useful in other headache disorders such as migraine.MethodsTwenty cluster headache patients, both episodic (n = 12; ICHD 3.1.1) and chronic (n = 8; ICHD 3.1.2), who had been or currently were treated with zonisamide, were retrospectively evaluated. Effectiveness of the medication was assessed and identified as headache remission or a reduction in severity or frequency of cluster headache of greater than 50%. Responder status, side effects, and dosage were recorded.ResultsFourteen (70%) patients responded to zonisamide treatment, while 6 (30%) did not. Recorded effective plasma zonisamide levels ranged from 10.2 to 31.9 μg/mL. Of the 6 non‐responders, 2 stopped the medication due to ineffectiveness, while 4 discontinued the medication secondary to intolerable side effects ranging from gastrointestinal upset to malaise. No more serious adverse events occurred. Eight patients total experienced weight loss/anorexia which many perceived as a positive effect; they lost an average of 10.5% of their body weight in the first 6 months of therapy.ConclusionsZonisamide appears to be an effective prophylactic treatment for patients with chronic and episodic cluster headache disorders. Further research in this area is clearly warranted.
Ethnic differences in psychosis—Lay epidemiology explanations
Authors: Schofield Peter , Kordowicz Maria , Pennycooke Earl , Armstrong David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuch research attention has been given to the high rates of psychosis diagnosed in the Black community. However, little has been heard about possible reasons for this from Black African and Caribbean mental health service users themselves.AimsTo determine how Black African and Caribbean service users perceive and explain these apparent differences.MethodsWe conducted four focus groups between 2014 and 2015 with 35 participants from the Black African and Black Caribbean community in Lambeth and Southwark, South East London, diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Recruitment was through a local voluntary sector organization and other community contacts.ResultsEach group described an elevated risk of psychosis in their community and explanations followed the following themes, with increased rates due to: (a) an accumulation of stressors due to disadvantaged ethnic minority status, (b) further disadvantage due to inequitable experiences of mental health services, (c) an absence of community support and (d) a double stigma: as a result of external discrimination, due to ethnicity, and internal stigma about mental illness from within the Black community itself.ConclusionsBlack mental health service users attributed an elevated risk of psychosis in their community to an accumulation of stressors directly related to ethnic minority status.
High strengthening effects and excellent wear resistance of Ti3Al(Si)C2 solid solutions
Authors: Wo Shaoshuai , Huang Zhenying , Cai Leping , Hu Wenqiang , Wang Yuanbo , Zhou Yang , Zhai Hongxiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Ti3Al1.2−xSixC2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) powders were synthesized from Ti, Al, Si, and TiC powders, and nearly pure Ti3Al1.2−xSixC2 bulks were fabricated by the means of two‐time hot‐pressing method. Significant strengthening effect in bulks was found after the addition of 0.2 Si and 0.4 Si to form Ti3Al(Si)C2 solid solutions. The flexural strengths of Ti3AlSi0.2C2 and Ti3Al0.8Si0.4C2 were 485 and 554 MPa, 14% and 30% larger than the strength of Ti3AlC2, respectively. The Vickers hardness of these compounds were separately, 6.95 and 7.57 GPa, representing the enhancements of 37% and 49% over those of Ti3AlC2. The tribological behavior was studied by dry‐sliding method with a S45C steel at the sliding speed of 30 m/s and the normal load of 20‐80 N. The results showed that after incorporating different contents of Si, the friction coefficient was between 0.22 and 0.30, correspondingly lower wear rate was 3.19‐2.61 × 10−6 mm3/Nm. These excellent tribological performances were attributed to the presence of continuous self‐generated oxidized films during tribological examination. Finally, the phase compositions and microhardness of the oxidized films were analyzed and characterized.
Embracing the Paradox of Interorganizational Value Co‐creation–Value Capture: A Literature Review towards Paradox Resolution
Authors: Niesten Eva , Stefan Ioana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study reviews literature on paradoxical tensions between value co‐creation and capture in interorganizational relationships (IORs). The purpose of this review is to make a re‐evaluation of the literature by engaging a paradox theory lens, thereby identifying factors that render tensions salient and factors that lead to virtuous or vicious cycles. This review of 143 articles reveals factors that make tensions salient: these relate to plurality (e.g. coopetition), scarcity (e.g. lack of experience with IORs), change (e.g. changes in collaboration scope) or combinations thereof (e.g. IORs in weak appropriability regimes). Results also uncover factors that resolve paradoxical tensions of value co‐creation and capture, thus spurring virtuous cycles (e.g. carefully mixing trust and contracts), as well as factors that promote vicious cycles, owing to the emphasis on either value co‐creation or capture (e.g. myopia of learning). This review further reveals a new category of factors that may stimulate either virtuous or vicious cycles, depending on the extent to which they are enforced. This finding expands the value co‐creation–capture paradox resolution and brings to light new dynamics in the paradox framework of dynamic equilibrium. This study thus contributes by: (1) reassessing the existing literature and applying paradox theory to the well‐known hazard of value co‐creation and capture; (2) highlighting factors that amplify paradoxical tensions related to this hazard; and (3) outlining factors that help solve the paradox by embracing its contradictory poles and factors that hinder paradox resolution by emphasizing either value co‐creation or appropriation.
A Crisis‐Driven Migration? Aspirations and Experiences of the Post‐2008 South European Migrants in London
Authors: Pratsinakis Manolis , King Russell , Himmelstine Carmen Leon , Mazzilli Caterina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the 1990s young South Europeans have been attracted to London by the dynamic labour market and cultural radiance of the city, but also pushed by unfavourable conditions in the labour markets of their origin countries. Subsequently, the Eurozone crisis, austerity politics and their socio‐political consequences have markedly intensified migration rates. But did they also signify a rupture in terms of the motivations, experiences and aspirations of the migrants? Drawing on in‐depth interviews with Greek, Italian and Spanish migrants of different educational levels, we find that post‐materialist motivations and pro‐migration dispositions prevail among the “crisis‐migrants”. Migration is seen and experienced as a step forward, rather than a disruptive force, signalling a positive message in defence of intra‐EU free mobility. Yet at times of neoliberal deregulation and economic and political uncertainty, aspirations for socio‐economic stability and settlement are also of growing importance, questioning mobility as the normative way of contemporary life.
Demonstration of SiO2/SiC‐based protective coating for dental ceramic prostheses
Authors: Chen Zhiting , Fares Chaker , Elhassani Randy , Ren Fan , Kim Mijin , Hsu Shu-Min , Clark Arthur E. , Esquivel‐Upshaw Josephine F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSiO2/SiC coatings were deposited onto ceramics disks using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The effects of deposition pressure and gas‐flow ratio on the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and SiC composition were studied. For the highest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 1.5, the refractive index increased by 17% from 2.53 (at the wavelength of 845 nm) to 2.96 (at the wavelength of 400 nm). For the lowest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 0.5, the refractive index only increased by 4% from 2.11 (at the wavelength of 845 nm) to 2.20 (at the wavelength of 400 nm). At higher deposition pressures, the variation in refractive index of the SiC coatings was significantly lower showing a slight increase from 1.93 (at a wavelength of 845 nm) to 1.96 at a wavelength of 400 nm. Except for the case of a low SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 0.5, for light with wavelengths ≤650 nm, the extinction coefficient of the SiC coatings increased significantly. Light with a wavelength >650 nm had an extinction coefficient near 0 in all cases. After annealing the sample at 400°C for 4 hours, hydrogen‐related bonds broke and the stress of the film was reduced from −245 to −71 MPa. By utilizing different thicknesses of SiC, the full standard dental shade guide was matched with the ΔE of each coated disk being less than 3.3 compared to the shade guide.