bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Density in Relation to Tactile Sense of the Surgeon During Dental Implant Placement
Authors: Rokn Amir Reza , Labibzadeh Akram , Ghohroudi Amir Alireza Rasouli , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Solhjoo Somaye 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
A correct diagnosis and optimal treatment planning is essential for success in implant dentistry. Proper diagnosis of bone quality is an important part of the diagnostic procedure.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to correlate the tactile sense of the surgeon in the assessment of bone density to the histomorphometric analysis of bone quality.

Methods:
In this study, 56 bone samples from 33 patients were harvested from implant sites with trephine drills. The samples were analyzed with Image J software. In the samples following parameters were measured: BV/TV, superficial cortical plate thickness, the number and thickness of haversian canals in cortical bone and the number, thickness and distance of trabecules in cancellous bone. The clinical hardness of bone during drilling was evaluated by surgeon according to Misch. GEE analysis with exchangeable correlation structure and linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between the tactile sense of the surgeon and histomorphometric parameters and all analysis was adjusted for two confounding variables: gender and location.

Results:
There were 51.79% implants in D2 samples and 48.21% in D3. Bone classification according to Misch was significantly correlated to distance of trabecules in cancellous bone (P-value=0.05), and shown marginally significant correlation with mean superficial cortical bone thickness (P-value =0.07) and number of haversian canals (P-value =0.005) in cortical bone.

Discussion:
There were differences between our results and others. The authors believed that these differences mainly are because of confounding factors, that in this study were eliminated. The clinical finding during surgery can approximately explain the histologic properties of bone.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that tactile sense of the surgeon can exhibit the histologic properties of the bone, and we are able to estimate the healing prognosis of the bone in implant placement.
Evaluation of Dimensional Changes of 3D Printed Models After Sterilization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shaheen Eman , Alhelwani Abdulhadi , Van De Casteele Elke , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To assess the effect of two of the most commonly used sterilization techniques on 3D printed clinical objects.

Materials & Methods:
The two sterilization methods used in our hospital and investigated in this paper are: Steam heat and Gas plasma. Three objects were printed and tested in this study: a tooth replica, an orthognathic final splint, a surgical cutting guide for the purpose of mandible reconstruction. For each of the 3 objects, 4 copies were made: one original STL object, one copy of the object pre-sterilization, one copy of post-steam heat sterilization, and one copy of post-gas plasma sterilization. Each printed object was scanned using a high resolution CBCT protocol and the compared (morphologically and volumetrically).

Results:
At the level of volumetric changes, no difference was found between pre and post-sterilization for both methods evaluated. As for the morphological changes, only differences were noticed with the orthognathic splint object indicating deformation of the printed splints after sterilization. Larger differences were observed with heat sterilization, making it less reliable.

Conclusion:
Sterilization of dental objects to be used in a clinical setting may lead to deformation of the printed model, especially for heat sterilization. Further investigations are needed to confirm these findings.
Conventional Vs Digital Impressions: Acceptability, Treatment Comfort and Stress Among Young Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Mangano Alessandro , Beretta Matteo , Luongo Giuseppe , Mangano Carlo , Mangano Francesco 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to compare patients’ acceptability, comfort and stress with conventional and digital impressions.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty young orthodontic patients (15 males and 15 females) who had no previous experience of impressions were enrolled in this study. Conventional impressions for orthodontic study models of the dental arches were taken using an alginate impression material (Hydrogum®, Zhermack Spa, Badia Polesine, Rovigo, Italy). Fifteen days later, digital impressions of both arches were acquired using an intraoral scanner (CS3600®, Carestream Dental, Rochester, NY, USA). Immediately after impression taking, patients’ acceptability, comfort and stress were measured using two questionnaires and the State anxiety scale.

Results:
Data showed no difference in terms of anxiety and stress; however, patients preferred the use of digital impressions systems instead of conventional impression techniques. Alginate impressions resulted as fast as digital impressions.

Conclusions:
Digital impressions resulted the most accepted and comfortable impression technique in young orthodontic patients, when compared to conventional techniques.
The Rural Sub-regions of the East-Province in the recent historical Dynamics of Zaïre: from 1960 to 1985 (the Case of the Bas-Ulélé)
Authors: Denda-Sakala Dieudonné Mily 
Published: February 2018

This study takes the Sub-Region of the Bas-Ulélé as an example of the recent history of the rural areas in Zaire. It gives a description from an insider's point of view based on local research, results in a testimony relating the complete deterioration of rural potentialities in Zaire. The article describes how in the first years after independence, the rich natural resources and the colonial infrastructure brought prosperous development. From 1964 to 1966, however, the Simba-rebellion ravaged the area, destroying a great deal of the infrastructure and caused large-scale massacres among the local population. After the crushing of the rebellion, the subsequent revival was quickly halted by constant bureaucratic hindrances and interference from Mobutu's MPR. "Zairisation " led to further deterioration of the economic infrastructure. From 1980 on, the Sub-Region was neglected more and more by the central government and even by its elected representatives. Finally, the liberalising of gold- prospecting withdrew farmers, schoolchildren and teachers form their normal activities leading only to more misery in the area.KEY WORDS: Development, Local Administration, Politics, Zaire
Territorial Cults in West-Congo: Vanished or Transformed?
Authors: Vanhee Hein 
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses some of the key issues in my current research on the history of the relationship between society, tradition and Christianity in the west of Congo-Kinshasa over the last century. My focus here is on the process of progressive transformation of the nineteenth-century territorial cults and the structural continuity which is apparent in the development of the Congolese Christian church in the area. In presenting some of my working hypotheses I am suggesting that after an initial period of open hostility towards the first missionaries, BaKongo became aware - 'empirically' as it were - of the fact that new ways were to be explored in order to compete with the challenges of Western colonialism and the forces of modernity and globalisation. In this regard, the history of religious life in West Congo can be described as a progressive attempt to regain control over the relations between human society and the supernatural world. KEY WORDS: African Christiantity, Central Africa, religion, territorial cults
War as Exit from Exclusion? The Formation of Mayi-Mayi Militias in Eastern Congo
Authors: Vlassenroot Koen , Van Acker Frank 
Published: February 2018

In eastern Congo scores of young and marginalized people have been increasingly attracted to the mobilising efforts of new local actors. The inquiry into this phenomenon traces the emergence of the first militias to the end of the eighties. These first generation militias were a result of the growing willingness of marginalized youngsters and school drop-outs to form groups of under-aged combatants acting against eveiy representative of modern political authority and against their desperate feelings of exclusion, for which both their political and social environment were held responsible. As they had nothing more to lose than their marginalisation, rebellion became an option, both as a survival strategy and as a strategy of self-defence against a predatory political and social order. The shiftiness of their ideological basis and allies only further proved what these first militias were about: a search for alternatives to a situation of acute deprivation.This article reveals that the present RCD rebellion that rages through the eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo has had an escalating effect on the proliferation of new militias. Before, the Kabila-led AFDL rebellion had already offered the already existing militias a new cause: that of an anti-Tutsi force fighting against foreign occupation. In resistance to the effects of state collapse and armed foreign interventions, rural and urban youth today have combined former traditions and newly developed patterns of mobility in an interpretation of customary and national defence. This has not meant that they link up with the traditional emanations of authority. Rather, a crisis in the social fabric has meant a shift in authority towards these combatants and the use of violence. In addition, shared feelings of antipathy towards the 'Tutsi-aggressors ' have facilitated the creation of links between these diverse local groupings and other, foreign, factions of armed militia roaming the local countryside. Consolidation, however, remains unlikely as this shared ideology does not run very deep and alliances continuously change. The question remains what the future impact of these militias might be on the local social order. On the one hand, for several years now in some remote areas these armed groupings have become the only representatives of any authority structure, even if this structure is based on violence. Contrary to other cases, these militias in South Kivu are still closely linked to the rural population and have not turned against them. On the other hand, the dynamic of the Inter-Congolese Dialogue has forced their leaders to present their grievances to the outside world. Key Words: Mayi Mayi, militias, politics, rebellion, R.D. Congo
The Traditional Royal Court among the Bin Kanyok of Zaire
Authors: Wymeersch Patrick 
Published: February 2018

This description represents what was more or less an ideal conception of political organization and kingship before the colonial period. If the traditional systems of ruling still remain, the material symbolism of kingship disappeared mostly in the scene of daily life in the king's large capital. cLooking at the political organization, two seemingly contradictory features emerge. On the one hand, there are the politically quasi-independent lineages living in the villages. The chief or eldest of a lineage is at the same time chief of the whole village. On the other hand, there is the formal political organization, build on a hierarchical model and imposed from the top. This political system is notable for its very high degree of centralization, and especially for the strong authority and power of the divine king. For the purpose of government, the kingdom is divided into sub-districts, containing several villages of an area, districts and provinces. They all depend, in hierarchy,from the capital. The capital accommodates most of the members of the royal family, numerous wives and children from the king and the ministers. The king's compound, standing in the middle of the capital, is surrounded by afence. This compound is divided into four specific parts and contains several houses and the palace of the king. On both sides of the royal compound, there is a main street where the ministers and theirfamilies live.The king's person is surrounded by a number of taboos. No one could see him eat in his private kitchen.The principal problem in the political organization is that of the administering the rest of the Kanyok empire, of keeping as a political unit a population divided into autonomous lineages. The model that is followed is, in general, typical of the kingdoms of the southern savanna belt of Zaire. Therefore the structure is pyramidal: the king at the apex delegates his power and authority to the governors. Their position duplicates that of the king, but on a smaller scale. The king is assisted by his ministers to whom he assigned highly specific functions. The king still remains the main focus for all the Bin Kanyok.KEYWORDS : Bin Kanyok, royal court, traditional political systems, Zaire.
Spathodea Campanulata: an Antidiabetic Medicine?
Authors: Laekeman Gert , Niyonzima Gaspard , Scharpe Simon , Vlietinck Arnold , Mets Tony 
Published: February 2018

Decoctions of the stem back of Spathodea campanulata (SC) are currently used in Rwanda to treat insulin- and non insulin-dependent diabetics. In order to confirm and further examine hypoglycemic activity of this plant we set up a research project with as final objective a possible standardisation of Spathodea in antidiabetic therapy in Rwanda. Up to now we were able to confirm the blood sugar lowering effect of SC in hyperglycemic mice (Iiyperglycemia provoked by streptozotocin = SZ). Also hyperglycemia in glucose loaded mice (glucose tolerance test = GTT) could be tempered by SC. Despite these clearcut hypoglycemic activity, no rise of insulin was seen in the SC treated mice. Tlie activity must be due to some other mechanism of action. Tlie search for active principles did not lead to satisfying results up to now. We have only indirect evidence for the presence of sugar-like compounds, as SC decoctions enhance the glycemia transiently. Some hypotheses are formulated with regard to mechanisms of action and active compounds of SC. These aspects will guide future research.
Local Rulers in North Cameroon. The Interplay of Politics and Conversion
Authors: Schilder Kees 
Published: February 2018

This article analyses the conversion to Islam of indigenous chiefs in North Cameroon. The chiefs studied belong to the Mundang ethnic group. Their islamisation is interpreted as the outcome of the ambivalence brought about by their intermediary role between local society and the wider society. This approach offers insights in (a) the connection between conversion and political careers; (b) the relation between Islam and ethnic identities; and (c) the popular legitimacy of conversion.KEY WORDS: Cameroon, Mundang, chiefs, Islam, ethnicity, cosmology
The Lexical Morpheme Acquisition of a Learner of English as a Second Language
Authors: Burhansyah Burhansyah 
Published: February 2018

The present study aims to examine the acquisition of English lexical morphemes - i.e. past –ed marker and plural –s marker on nouns, in L2 (second language) English within the framework of Processability Theory (henceforth PT). The participant of this research was LE, an Indonesian learner learning English as L2 in an instructional context. The data in the form of essay written by LE was collected longitudinally at four points in time during the period of four months. Based on the data, a distributional analysis was carried out, and then the findings were analysed by using the implicational scaling in accordance with the emergence criterion in order to determine the points of acquisition of the two morphological forms under scrutiny. The research finding indicates that the acquisition points of the lexical morphemes appear to follow PT’s predictions, where the emergence point of past –ed marker and plural –s marker occurred at comparatively the same point in time as hypothesised in PT. Moreover, the finding of this research reveals that the predictions of PT seem to be followed in L2 written English; it indicates PT’s capacity to account for morphological acquisition in both written and spoken language production.

Keywords: processability theory, L2 acquisition, lexical morpheme
Penerapan Metode Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process untuk SPK Penyeleksian Naskah Layak Terbit
Authors: Ekastini Ekastini , Kusrini Kusrini , Luthfi Emha Taufiq 
Published: February 2018

Proses penilaian terhadap naskah merupakan standar penerbitan yang merupakan sarana untuk memperlancar proses penerbitan secara optimal. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan terkait dengan efisiensi dan efektifitas pada pengelolaan penilaian administratif naskah yang dilakukan oleh penilai dan terkait munculnya masalah dalam proses penentuan bobot dan evaluasi terhadap naskah serta adanya kendala terkait subjektivitas berupa penilaian bobot kriteria dan subkriteria, ambiguitas proses evaluasi naskah, kecepatan dan ketepatan agregasi antara bobot kriteria hasil dan evaluasi untuk mendapatkan prioritas naskah. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah model yang dapat menggambarkan seluruh sistem komputerisasi yang dapat mendukung dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Sistem pendukung keputusan dengan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) ini melakukan penilaian pada setiap naskah dengan ragam kriteria dan nilai bobot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan usulan untuk penentuan prioritas naskah yang layak untuk diterbitkan dan dapat membatu pengambil keputusan kelayakan naskah dalam mengambil keputusan. Berdasarkan analisis dengan menggunakan metode FAHP maka didapatkan hasil suatu alternatif pendukung keputusan penentuan naskah layak terbit dan didapatkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 85% terhadap sistem
Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Faydacı ve Hedonik Tüketimin Moda Liderliği Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kayabaşı Aydın , Kiracı Hakan 
Published: February 2018

Tüketicilerin tüketim tarzları, hedonik ve faydacı
tüketim ile moda liderliği davranışları arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemeye
yönelik olan bu araştırma, ilişkisel ve betimsel araştırma modelinde kurgulanmıştır.
Bu çerçevede tüketim tarzı olarak yaygın bir şekilde ele alınan hedonik ve
faydacı tüketim ile moda liderliğini açıklayan moda yenilikçiliği ve moda fikir
liderliği arasındaki ilişkiyi ve tüketicilerin ele alınan değişkenler bazında
ortak özelliklerinin açıklanmasına yönelik kümelerin hangi özelliklere sahip
olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18 yaşından büyük
tüketiciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 450 birimden oluşmakta ve bu
örneklem büyüklüğü güven aralığı formülüne göre belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın
veri toplama tekniği yapılandırılmış ankettir. Araştırma katılımcılarına
kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma verileri karşılıklı
görüşme şeklinde gönüllü katılımcılardan anketörler aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir.
Elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı ve
yorumlayıcı çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz teknikleriyle analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesinde yapısal eşitlik
modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca birimlerin doğal küme yapıları k-means
kümeleme analiziyle test edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, hedonik tüketimin
moda ürün satın almayı, modayı takip etmeyi ve moda fikir liderliğini
etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Faydacı tüketimin ise, moda ürün satın almayı ve
modayı takip etmeyi etkilemediği; moda fikir liderliğini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
K-means kümeleme analizi sonucunda ise, üç ayrı küme yapısı olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ALTERNATİF ÖLÇME-DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMLERİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Şahin Merve , Atasoy Emin 
Published: February 2018

Programların temel öğelerinden biri olan ölçme ve değerlendirme,
öğretmenlerin üzerinde bilgi, tutum ve beceri geliştirmesi gereken bir alandır.
Çalışmada sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirme
yöntemlerine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Sosyal bilgiler
öğretmenlerinin alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemlerine yönelik
tutumlarının cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, kıdem ve sınıf mevcudu değişkenlerine
göre incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nicel araştırma yönteminde
olup, tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2016-2017 öğretim yılında
Çanakkale il merkezindeki Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise 2016-2017
öğretim yılında yansız atama yoluyla seçilen ve Çanakkale il merkezindeki
okullarında görev yapan 140 Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplama aracı olarak Öztürk (2014) tarafından geliştirilen, geçerlik ve
güvenirliği sağlanan “Öğretmen Alternatif
Ölçme – Değerlendirme Yöntemlerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak sosyal
bilgiler öğretmenleri alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamalarına ilişkin
tutumları olumlu düzeydedir. Öğretmenlerin bu duyuşsal hazırbulunuşluk
düzeyleri dikkate alınarak, eğitimsel süreçte bir fırsat olarak yorumlanan
alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirmeye yönelik işlevsel girişimler ve destekler
sağlayacak eğitsel politikalar geliştirilmelidir.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITS OF BREAKFAST AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF 3rd, 4th, AND 5th GRADE STUDENTS AT SDN SELOTAPAK SUBDISTRICT OF TRAWAS MOJOKERTO REGENCY
Authors: Kusmindarti Indah , Yuniarti Enny Virda 
Published: February 2018

The habit of having breakfast for school-age children is very important, because their school activities need more energy and calories. Children who do not have breakfast are more prone to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) resulting in dizziness, cold sweat and fainted, which will eventually disrupt their activities. Not having breakfast will lead to decreasing learning interest and the power of their bodies. Research type was analyzed case control. The population was all elementary school students of 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade at SDN Selotapak, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency with a sample of 91 respondents by using total sampling method. Data collection technique was conducted by using interviews and observation. Interviews were conducted to obtain a more in-depth information about the variables researched. Data analysis was conducted by using cross tab test. The habit of breakfast is important for students to help them meet their energy needs. It will make them more excited and more involved in learning. Moreover, their concentration and memory will be increased, that the children will be more confident and their academic achievement will increase.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA DI SDN MANGKUJAYAN I KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Kusumawati Naniek 
Published: February 2018

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan peneliti di SDN Mangkujayan I, diketahui bahwa proses pembelajaran di kelas V masih bersifat konvensional, sehingga kurang mengembangkan pola pikir dan kreatifitas siswa. Terdapat beberapa guru khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V dalam mengajar hanya menggunakan metode ceramah dan siswa hanya mendengarkan, mencatat serta menghafalkan materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), prosedur penelitian yang digunakan berupa siklus yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes kognitif dan alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen soal dan lembar observasi. Analisis data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada hasil belajar siswa yang dapat dilihat dari hasil persentase rata-rata pada siklus I yaitu 65% yang artinya ada 13 dari 20 siswa yang tuntas. Terjadi peningkatan pada siklus yang ke II yaitu 90% yang artinya ada 18 dari 20 siswa yang tuntas dalam pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran SAVI dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SDN Mangkujayan I