bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for distinction of undersialylated and hypoglycosylated transferrin glycoforms in body fluids
Authors: Caslavska Jitka , Schild Christof , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis is used to distinguish transferrin glycoforms present in human serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum treated with neuraminidase and N‐glycosidase F. The obtained data are compared to mass spectrometry data from the literature. The main focus is on the analysis of the various asialo‐transferrin, monosialo‐transferrin, and disialo‐transferrin molecules found in these samples. The features of capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are reviewed and highlighted in the context of the analysis of undersialylated and hypoglycosylated transferrin molecules. High‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis represents an effective tool to assess the diversity of transferrin patterns whereas mass spectrometry is the method of choice to elucidate structural identification about the glycoforms. Hypoglycosylated transferrin glycoforms present in sera of alcohol abusers and normal subjects are structurally identical to those in sera of patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I. Asialo‐transferrin, monosialo‐transferrin and disialo‐transferrin observed in sera of patients with a type II congenital disorder of glycosylation or a hemolytic uremic syndrome, in cerebrospinal fluid and after treatment of serum with neuraminidase are undersialylated transferrin glycoforms with two N‐glycans of varying structure. Undersialylated disialo‐transferrin is also observed in sera with high levels of trisialo‐transferrin.
Large‐eddy simulations of neutrally stratified airflow over the complex terrain around Hong Kong International Airport with a three‐runway system
Authors: Tse Louis K. S. , Hon K. K. , Li Larry K. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSituated just north of the mountainous Lantau Island, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) can experience terrain‐induced airflow disturbances under certain meteorological conditions, such as during a tropical cyclone. For approaching aircraft, such disturbances can lead to wind shear, jeopardizing flight safety. In this numerical study, large‐eddy simulations of turbulent airflow over Lantau Island are performed under neutrally stratified conditions with a view to understanding how terrain‐induced disturbances affect the headwind and crosswind experienced by aircraft landing at HKIA. Analysis of 1 min output data shows that, consistent with previous studies, high‐speed transient flow disturbances can emerge from gaps in the mountains of Lantau Island, producing spatiotemporal variations in wind speed and direction along the glide paths. An attempt is made to quantify the relative likelihood of wind shear by analysing how frequently wind‐speed fluctuations due to terrain interaction exceed predefined thresholds within a prescribed time window. The results show that wind shear is most likely to occur (1) on the eastern approach to the south runway (25L) in a southerly background wind; and (2) on the western approach to the south runway (07R) in a southeasterly background wind. These findings are consistent with the present operations at HKIA, where the north runway, which has a lower likelihood of wind shear, is used as the predominant landing runway. The simulations also show that the proposed third runway, which is currently under construction, will see an even lower likelihood of wind shear because it is the farthest of the three runways from Lantau Island. The study provides new insight into the unsteady flow behaviour at an airport surrounded by complex terrain, contributing to aviation safety.
Reevaluating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Essentiality in Hybrid Striped Bass
Authors: Barry Kelli J , Trushenski Jesse T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Understanding fatty acid requirements in multiple taxa is necessary to determine the degree to which dietary fish oil can be reduced or replaced with less costly, more abundant lipid sources. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) requirements of hybrid Striped Bass (White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis) are currently reported as 0.5–1.0% eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). This requirement does not account for n-3 PUFA essentiality on an individual fatty acid basis and does not address possible requirements for n-6 PUFAs (i.e., linoleic acid [18:2n-6] or arachidonic acid [20:4n-6]). Accordingly, hybrid Striped Bass were fed diets containing selected individual n-3 and n-6 C18 PUFAs, n-3 and n-6 long-chain (LC) PUFAs, or combinations thereof to determine the essentiality or expendability of these nutrients. These experimental feeds were compared to feeds containing only saturated fatty acids (negative control) or menhaden fish oil (positive control). Growth performance and ratios of 22:5n-6 : 22:6n-3 observed in tissue fatty acid profiles suggested that dietary provision of 22:6n-3 was adequate to satisfy physiological demand for LC-PUFAs. However, reductions in feed conversion ratio and numeric improvements in growth suggest that dietary provision of 20:4n-6 is also important. Results of this study indicate that provision of C18 PUFAs alone is insufficient to avoid essential fatty acid deficiency and to support optimal growth of this fish. To ensure that essential fatty acid requirements are met and performance is optimized, diets for hybrid Striped Bass should be formulated to contain 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6, if not a full complement of n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs.
Hypercalcemia Without Hypervitaminosis D During Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Holmes Whitney L. , Maish George O. , Minard Gayle , Croce Martin A. , Dickerson Roland N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency during critical illness has been associated with worsened outcomes. Because most critically ill patients with severe traumatic injuries are vitamin D deficient, we investigated the efficacy and safety of cholecalciferol therapy for these patients.MethodsFifty‐three patients (>17 years of age) admitted to the trauma intensive care unit who had a serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25‐OH vit D) concentration <20 ng/mL were given 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol daily. Efficacy was defined as achievement of a 25‐OH vit D of 30–79.9 ng/mL. Safety was evaluated by the presence of hypercalcemia (serum ionized calcium [iCa] >1.32 mmol/L) or hypervitaminosis D (25‐OH vit D >79.9 nmol/L). Patients were monitored for 2 weeks during cholecalciferol therapy. Results: Twenty‐four patients (45%) achieved target 25‐OH vit D. No patients experienced hypervitaminosis D. Hypercalcemia occurred in 40% (n = 21) of patients; 2 patients experienced an iCa >1.49 nmol/L. 25‐OH vit D was significantly greater for those who developed hypercalcemia (37.2 + 11.2 vs 28.4 + 5.6 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.001) by the second week of cholecalciferol. Of 24 patients who achieved target 25‐OH vit D, 14 (58%) experienced hypercalcemia in contrast to 24% of patients (7 out of 29) who did not achieve target 25‐OH vit D (P = 0.024).ConclusionsCholecalciferol normalized serum 25‐OH vit D concentrations in less than half of patients yet was associated with a substantial proportion of patients with hypercalcemia without hypervitaminosis D.
Overexpression of UDP‐glycosyltransferase potentially involved in insecticide resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover collected from Bt cotton fields in China
Authors: Chen Xuewei , Tang Chunyan , Ma Kangsheng , Xia Jin , Song Dunlun , Gao Xi‐Wu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the most destructive insect pests. It has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides around the world due to the application of insecticides. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been reported to potentially facilitate the detoxification process of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in A. gossypii.RESULTSIn this study, the field populations of A. gossypii developed different levels of resistance to multiple insecticides. A UGT inhibitor, 5‐nitrouracil, dramatically increased the toxicity of acetamiprid in resistant populations, moderately increased the toxicity of sulfoxaflor in the imidacloprid susceptible (IMI_S) population, and populations from Yuncheng in Shanxi Province (SXYC) and Jingzhou in Hubei Province (HBJZ), and increased the toxicity of bifenthrin in the IMI_S and HBJZ populations, but there was no synergism on omethoate or carbosulfan. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that UGT344B4 and UGT344C7 were overexpressed in all field populations, and UGT344N4 was overexpressed in the SDBZ and HBZJ populations. Furthermore, the suppression of UGT344B4 or UGT344C7 by RNA interference significantly increased the susceptibility to bifenthrin in the IMI_S population and the susceptibility to sulfoxaflor in the SXYC population.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that UGTs are potentially involved in the detoxification of neonicotinoid, sulfoximine, and pyrethroid insecticides in A. gossypii. Furthermore, the overexpression of UGTs could be associated with insecticide resistance in field populations of A. gossypii. The results might be helpful for the management of insecticide resistance in field populations of A. gossypii. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phylogeny of the Neotropical legume genera Zygia and Marmaroxylon and close relatives
Authors: Ferm Julia , Korall Petra , Lewis Gwilym P. , Ståhl Bertil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Neotropical legume genera Zygia and Marmaroxylon have traditionally been considered closely related and are sometimes treated as congeners. They have been referred to the mimosoid tribe Ingeae based on their possession of flowers with basally fused stamen filaments. However, their systematic status and position have not been analysed in a phylogenetic context. This study provides the first molecular phylogeny of Zygia and Marmaroxylon and closely related mimosoid legume genera, particularly from the tribe Ingeae. DNA sequence data were derived from the nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and from the chloroplast psbA‐trnH and trnL‐trnF regions, and were analysed using Bayesian inference. In all, 29 species of Zygia and 7 species of Marmaroxylon were included in the study along with representative species from the closely related genera Abarema, Acacia s.str., Archidendropsis, Calliandra, Chloroleucon, Cojoba, Faidherbia, Havardia, Hydrochorea, Inga, Leucochloron, Macrosamanea, Pithecellobium, Pseudosamanea, Samanea, Senegalia, Vachellia and Zapoteca. The results show that neither Zygia nor Marmaroxylon are monophyletic as presently circumscribed. Furthermore, these two genera are not monophyletic together. None of the nine presently recognized sections of Zygia that contain more than one species are shown to be monophyletic. Two of the monospecific sections of Zygia, sect. Ingopsis (Z. inundata) and sect. Pseudocojoba (Z. sabatieri), were found in a clade together with species of Inga. Marmaroxylon ocumarense and M. magdalenae, previously treated as synonyms (as Zygia), are not conspecific, and are found in a clade with Macrosamanea and in a clade with species of Abarema and Hydrochorea, respectively. Our results also show the Inga alliance to be non‐monophyletic. In correspondence with the results presented, all species referred to Marmaroxylon, except for M. ocumarense and M. magdalenae, are here included in Zygia, and Z. inundata is treated in Inga, in which genus it was first described.
Consensus diagnostic criteria and monitoring of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence: Delphi procedure
Authors: Khalil A. , Gordijn S. , Ganzevoort W. , Thilaganathan B. , Johnson A. , Baschat A. A. , Hecher K. , Reed K. , Lewi L. , Deprest J. , Oepkes D. , Lopriore E. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTwin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Inconsistencies in the diagnostic criteria for TAPS exist, which hinder the ability to establish robust evidence‐based management or monitoring protocols. The main aim of this study was to determine, by expert consensus using a Delphi procedure, the key diagnostic features and optimal monitoring approach for TAPS.MethodsA Delphi process was conducted among an international panel of experts on TAPS. Panel members were provided with a list of literature‐based parameters for diagnosing and monitoring TAPS. They were asked to rate the importance of the parameters on a five‐point Likert scale. Consensus was sought to determine the cut‐off values for accepted parameters, as well as parameters used in the monitoring of and assessment of outcome in twin pregnancy complicated by TAPS.ResultsA total of 132 experts were approached. Fifty experts joined the first round, of whom 33 (66%) completed all three rounds. There was agreement that the monitoring interval for the development of TAPS should be every 2 weeks and that the severity should be assessed antenatally using a classification system based on middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV), but there was no agreement on the gestational age at which to start monitoring. Once the diagnosis of TAPS is made, monitoring should be scheduled weekly. For the antenatal diagnosis of TAPS, the combination of MCA‐PSV ≥ 1.5 MoM in the anemic twin and ≤ 0.8 MoM in the polycythemic twin was agreed. Alternatively, MCA‐PSV discordance ≥ 1 MoM can be used to diagnose TAPS. Postnatally, hemoglobin difference ≥ 8 g/dL and intertwin reticulocyte ratio ≥ 1.7 were agreed criteria for diagnosis of TAPS. There was no agreement on the cut‐off of MCA‐PSV or its discordance for prenatal intervention. The panel agreed on prioritizing perinatal and long‐term survival outcomes in follow‐up studies.ConclusionsConsensus‐based diagnostic features of TAPS, as well as cut‐off values for the parameters involved, were agreed upon by a panel of experts. Future studies are needed to validate these diagnostic features before they can be used in clinical trials of interventions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Does exclusion of subcutaneous external anal sphincter on exoanal imaging matter?
Authors: Subramaniam N. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is some speculation that an intact distal anal sphincter complex is of decisive importance for continence, although the external anal sphincter (EAS) is considered to be a single functional and anatomical entity. On tomographic translabial ultrasound (TLUS), the caudal slice at the level of the subcutaneous EAS is currently omitted from the diagnostic algorithm due to the prevalence of artifact at that level. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of assessment of the subcutaneous EAS on tomographic TLUS for anal incontinence (AI).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 463 women seen at our urogynecological service in 2015. All underwent a standardized questionnaire, including determination of St Mark's incontinence score (SMIS), clinical examination and three‐/four‐dimensional TLUS. On tomographic TLUS, EAS defect angles in slices one to seven were measured on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction. A slice was defined as positive for a defect if the defect angle was ≥ 30°. The association between significant subcutaneous EAS trauma (i.e. defect angle of ≥ 30° in slice seven) and symptoms of AI, symptom bother score and SMIS was assessed. The performances of the standard six‐slice model and the seven‐slice model, including the subcutaneous EAS, in the prediction of AI were compared.ResultsWhile there was a highly significant association between all measures of AI and significant EAS trauma in slice seven, addition of the seventh slice to the existing six‐slice model did not improve the predictive value for
AI.ConclusionAs inclusion of the subcutaneous slice of the EAS on tomographic TLUS does not seem to improve the predictive value for AI, the current methodology for assessment of EAS trauma on tomographic TLUS can remain unchanged. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Computerized fetal heart rate analysis in early preterm fetal growth restriction
Authors: Wolf H. , Gordijn S. J. , Onland W. , Vliegenthart R. J. S. , Ganzevoort J. W. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the value of computerized cardiotocography (cCTG) with calculation of fetal heart rate (FHR) short‐term variability (STV) in early preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR) for prevention of fetal death and neonatal asphyxia, neonatal morbidity, and 2‐year neurodevelopmental impairment.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all women who were admitted to the Amsterdam University Medical Center‐AMC between 2003 and 2015 due to FGR and/or pre‐eclampsia, and who were delivered by prelabor Cesarean section, or had a fetal death, before 32 weeks' gestation. STV of all available cCTG registrations during the 5 days preceding fetal death or delivery was calculated retrospectively, and FHR decelerations were classified visually as absent, 1–2/h or recurrent (> 2/h). Adverse outcome endpoints were defined as fetal death, neonatal asphyxia at birth (including fetal death), neonatal death, major neonatal morbidity and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcome. A simulation analysis was performed to assess the incidence of adverse outcome using two thresholds for cCTG: (1) highly abnormal (STV < 2.6 ms before 29 weeks and < 3.0 ms thereafter, and/or recurrent FHR decelerations); and (2) moderately abnormal (STV < 3.5 ms before 29 weeks and < 4.0 ms thereafter, and/or recurrent FHR decelerations). Three management strategies were assessed using a strict schedule for the frequency of cCTG recordings: (1) cCTG without use of fetal arterial Doppler; (2) cCTG with additional fetal arterial Doppler after 29 weeks; and (3) cCTG with additional fetal arterial Doppler after 27 weeks.ResultsIncluded were 367 pregnancies (3295 cCTG recordings), of which 20 resulted in fetal death and 347 were delivered by Cesarean section before the onset of labor. Cesarean delivery was indicated by fetal condition in 94% of cases and by maternal condition in 6%. Median gestational age at delivery was 30 (interquartile range (IQR), 28–31) weeks and median birth weight was 900 (IQR, 740–1090) g. Six cases of fetal death were not anticipated by standard practice using visual assessment of CTG. A last highly abnormal cCTG was associated with fetal death and with neonatal asphyxia (including fetal death; n = 99), but not with major neonatal morbidity and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcome. Moderately abnormal cCTG had no significant association with any endpoint. Simulation analysis showed that a strategy that combined cCTG results with umbilicocerebral ratio or umbilical absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow could detect all fetal deaths.ConclusionsComputerized CTG in combination with fetal arterial Doppler, with a strict protocol for the frequency of recordings, is likely to be more effective than visual CTG assessment for preventing fetal death in early preterm FGR. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Spatial analysis of temperature time series over the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) Pakistan
Authors: Latif Yasir , Yaoming Ma , Yaseen Muhammad , Muhammad Sher , Wazir Muhammad Atif 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRunoff generated from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) mainly originates in the massifs of the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya (HKH) region of Pakistan. Water supply in early spring depends upon the snow accumulation in the winter and the subsequent temperature. Seasonal temperature variations corroborate the contemporary dynamics of snow and glaciers. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of accelerated warming in high mountain areas, termed as elevation-dependent warming (EDW). We have identified trends, analyzed inconsistencies, and calculated changes in the maximum, minimum, mean and diurnal temperature range (Tmax,Tmin,Tmean, and DTR) at 20 weather stations during four-time series: 1961–2013 (first), 1971–2013 (second), 1981–2013 (third), and 1991–2013 (fourth). We employed the Mann–Kendall test to determine the existence of a trend and Sen’s method for the estimation of prevailing trends, whereas homogeneity analysis was applied before trend identification using three different tests. This study revealed that the largest and smallest magnitudes of trends appeared in the winter and summer, respectively, particularly during the fourth data series.Tmaxrevealed robust warming at ten stations, most remarkably at Gupis, Khunjrab, and Naltar at rates of 0.29, 0.36, and 0.43 °C/decade, respectively, during the fourth series. We observed thatTminexhibits a mixed pattern of warming and cooling during the second and third series, but cooling becomes stronger during the fourth series, exhibiting significant trends at twelve stations. Khunjrab and Naltar showed steady warming during the fourth series (spring), at rates of 0.26 and 0.13 °C/decade in terms ofTmean. The observed decreases in DTR appeared stronger in the fourth series during the summer. These findings tend to partially support the notion of EDW but validate the dominance of cooling spatially and temporally.
Knock, Knock: The Taxman’s at Your Door! Practice Sense, Empathy Games, and Dilemmas in Tax Enforcement
Authors: Wynter Carlene Beth , Oats Lynne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTax administrators are empowered by the state to secure compliance with tax obligations. Enforcing compliance on the ground is complex, and street-level administrators often engage in the “art of the possible,” leading to dilemmas in the field. This paper examines tax administrators’ practices with regard to Jamaican property tax defaulters with outstanding tax liabilities in excess of 3 years. Drawing on interviews with tax administrators and other key agents, we find that tax administrators reposition themselves from objective enforcers to empathizing officials engaging in schemes of action, doing what they can do rather than what they should do. This is a practical-sense approach to securing compliance. We identify two forms of empathy, assimilated and cynical, and conclude that administrators’ empathetic identification with defaulters does not necessarily arise solely from concern for social cohesion, or inter-subjective compassion, but also sometimes from self-interest.
Cytotoxic Effects of Smp24 and Smp43 Scorpion Venom Antimicrobial Peptides on Tumour and Non-tumour Cell Lines
Authors: Elrayess Ranwa A. , Mohallal Mahmoud E. , El-Shahat Yomn M. , Ebaid Hala M. , Miller Keith , Strong Peter N. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Smp24 and Smp43 are novel cationic AMPs identified from the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus, having potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Here we describe cytotoxicity of these peptides towards three non-tumour cell lines (CD34+ (hematopoietic stem progenitor from cord blood), HRECs (human renal epithelial cells) and HACAT (human skin keratinocytes) and two acute leukaemia cell lines (myeloid (KG1a) and lymphoid (CCRF-CEM) leukaemia cell lines) using a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques. Smp24 and Smp43 (4–256 µg/mL) decreased the cell viability (as measured by intracellular ATP) of all cells tested, although keratinocytes were markedly less sensitive. Cell membrane leakage as evidenced by the release of lactate dehydrogenase was evident throughout and was confirmed by scanning electron microscope studies.