bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance
Authors: Soeters Peter B. , Wolfe Robert R. , Shenkin Alan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHypoalbuminemia is associated with inflammation. Despite being addressed repeatedly in the literature, there is still confusion regarding its pathogenesis and clinical significance. Inflammation increases capillary permeability and escape of serum albumin, leading to expansion of interstitial space and increasing the distribution volume of albumin. The half‐life of albumin has been shown to shorten, decreasing total albumin mass. These 2 factors lead to hypoalbuminemia despite increased fractional synthesis rates in plasma. Hypoalbuminemia, therefore, results from and reflects the inflammatory state, which interferes with adequate responses to events like surgery or chemotherapy, and is associated with poor quality of life and reduced longevity. Increasing or decreasing serum albumin levels are adequate indicators, respectively, of improvement or deterioration of the clinical state. In the interstitium, albumin acts as the main extracellular scavenger, antioxidative agent, and as supplier of amino acids for cell and matrix synthesis. Albumin infusion has not been shown to diminish fluid requirements, infection rates, and mortality in the intensive care unit, which may imply that there is no body deficit or that the quality of albumin “from the shelf” is unsuitable to play scavenging and antioxidative roles. Management of hypoalbuminaemia should be based on correcting the causes of ongoing inflammation rather than infusion of albumin. After the age of 30 years, muscle mass and function slowly decrease, but this loss is accelerated by comorbidity and associated with decreasing serum albumin levels. Nutrition support cannot fully prevent, but slows down, this chain of events, especially when combined with physical exercise.
International neuromonitoring study group guidelines 2018: Part II: Optimal recurrent laryngeal nerve management for invasive thyroid cancer—incorporation of surgical, laryngeal, and neural electrophysiologic data
Authors: Wu Che‐Wei , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Dralle Henning , Schneider Rick , Al‐Quaryshi Zaid , Angelos Peter , Brauckhoff Katrin , Brooks Jennifer A. , Cernea Claudio R. , Chaplin John , Chen Amy Y. , Davies Louise , Diercks Gill R. , Duh Quan Yang , Fundakowski Christopher , Goretzki Peter E. , Hales Nathan W. , Hartl Dana , Kamani Dipti , Kandil Emad , Kyriazidis Natalia , Liddy Whitney , Miyauchi Akira , Orloff Lisa , Rastatter Jeff C. , Scharpf Joseph , Serpell Jonathan , Shin Jennifer J. , Sinclair Catherine F. , Stack Brendan C. , Tolley Neil S. , Slycke Sam Van , Snyder Samuel K. , Urken Mark L. , Volpi Erivelto , Witterick Ian , Wong Richard J. , Woodson Gayle , Zafereo Mark , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this publication was to inform surgeons as to the modern state‐of‐the‐art evidence‐based guidelines for management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve invaded by malignancy through blending the domains of 1) surgical intraoperative information, 2) preoperative glottic function, and 3) intraoperative real‐time electrophysiologic information. These guidelines generated by the International Neural Monitoring Study Group (INMSG) are envisioned to assist the clinical decision‐making process involved in recurrent laryngeal nerve management during thyroid surgery by incorporating the important information domains of not only gross surgical findings but also intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve functional status and preoperative laryngoscopy findings. These guidelines are presented mainly through algorithmic workflow diagrams for convenience and the ease of application. These guidelines are published in conjunction with the INMSG Guidelines Part I: Staging Bilateral Thyroid Surgery With Monitoring Loss of Signal.Level of Evidence: 5Laryngoscope, 128:S18–S27, 2018
Kids Nowadays Hear Better Than We Did: Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Youth, 1966–2010
Authors: Hoffman Howard J. , Dobie Robert A. , Losonczy Katalin G. , Themann Christa L. , Flamme Gregory A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate factors associated with hearing impairment (HI) in adolescent youths during the period 1966–2010.Study DesignCross‐sectional analyses of US sociodemographic, health, and audiometric data spanning 5 decades.MethodsSubjects were youths aged 12 to 17 years who participated in the National Health Examination Survey (NHES Cycle 3, 1966–1970; n = 6,768) and youths aged 12 to 19 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994; n = 3,057) and NHANES (2005–2010; n = 4,374). HI prevalence was defined by pure‐tone average (PTA) ≥ 20 dB HL for speech frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and high frequencies (3, 4, and 6 kHz). Multivariable logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOverall speech‐frequency HI prevalence was 10.6% (95% CI: 9.7%‐11.6%) in NHES, 3.9% (95% CI: 2.8%‐5.5%) in NHANES III, and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.7%–5.4%) in NHANES 2005 to 2010. The corresponding high‐frequency HI prevalences were 32.8% (95% CI: 30.8%‐34.9%), 7.3% (95% CI: 5.9%‐9.0%), and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.8%‐9.2%). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, overall high‐frequency HI was increased twofold for males and cigarette smoking. Other significant risk factors in NHANES 2005 to 2010 included very low birth weight, history of ear infections/otitis media, ear tubes, fair/poor general health, and firearms use.ConclusionsHI declined considerably between 1966 to 1970 and 1988 to 1994, with no additional decline between 1988 to 1994 and 2005 to 2010. Otitis media history was a significant HI risk factor each period, whereas very low birth weight emerged as an important risk factor after survival chances improved. Reductions in smoking, job‐related noise, and firearms use may partially explain the reduction in high‐frequency HI. Loud music exposure may have increased, but does not account for HI differences.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1922–1939, 2019
Seeing Things in a New Light
Authors: Pelaprat Jean-Michel , Finuf Matthew , Fritz Robert , Zediker Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNuburu has introduced a new high‐power blue laser that brings unmatched performance to many materials processing applications. Lasers are capable of delivering high energy density with pinpoint precision. The energy can be delivered without physical contact between the components of the laser and any material to be worked. These characteristics suit lasers for many materials processing applications – perhaps none more well‐suited than laser welding. Common industrial lasers are high‐power infrared (IR) systems operating at wavelengths around 10.6 μm or around 1 μm, or low‐ to moderate‐power green light systems operating at a wavelength around 532 nm. The capabilities of these systems are constrained by either the physics of the interaction (in the case of infrared lasers) or the cost and technological capability of the laser (in the case of green lasers). Nuburu's AO‐150 laser puts out a 150‐watt high‐quality beam of 450 nm laser light that brings game‐changing capabilities to laser welding and other industrial applications.
The association between auditory nerve neurovascular conflict and sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Brenner‐Ullman Adi , Cavel Oren , Oron Yahav , Wasserzug Oshri , Handzel Ophir 
Published: October 2018

HypothesisThere may be an association between a neurovascular conflict (NVC) of the auditory nerve and unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).BackgroundCompression of cranial nerves by vascular structures can lead to significant symptomatology that may require surgical decompression. Notable examples are trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is part of the workup for SSNHL, and it may depict an NVC of the auditory nerve. Here we look into the association between this NVC and unilateral SSNHL.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on all consecutive patients with unilateral SSNHL who underwent an MRI scan in our medical center. The data collected included age, gender, side and severity of hearing loss, and accompanying complaints. Each MRI scan was reviewed by a neuroradiologist who was unaware of hearing loss laterality. The presence, side, extent, and location of a potential NVC involving the auditory nerve were determined, and a correlation between radiological findings and auditory parameters was sought.ResultsFifty‐four patients (male‐to‐female ratio 26:28, age range 25–80 years) were enrolled into the study. Fourteen of them (25.9%) had normal MRI findings. Twenty‐six patients had a unilateral NVC, and the pathology was ipsilateral to the side of hearing loss in only 12 of them (46.2%). Fourteen (25.9%) patients had MRI findings of bilateral NVCs. There was no significant correlation between the side of the SSNHL and any radiological findings (P = .314).ConclusionThe data presented herein support the conclusion that there is no association between CN8 NVC and unilateral SSNHL.Level of Evidence2b.
Mechanistic model identifies increasing light availability due to sea ice reductions as cause for increasing macroalgae cover in the Arctic
Authors: Scherrer K. J. N. , Kortsch S. , Varpe Ø. , Weyhenmeyer G. A. , Gulliksen B. , Primicerio R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the Arctic, rising seawater temperatures and increasing underwater light caused by reductions in sea ice cover are expected to change the structure of arctic marine communities. Substantial, sometimes sudden, increases in macroalgal productivity and biomass have already been observed in arctic rocky bottom communities. These macroalgal responses have been attributed to increasing temperature and light, but the relative importance of the suggested drivers of change has not yet been assessed. In this study, we used a mechanistic competition model to unravel the effects of temperature and light on benthic community structure and algae dominance, focusing on key algae species: red calcareous algae and macroalgal fronds. We find that light is the primary driver of increases in macroalgal coverage, whereas increased seawater temperature plays a secondary role. Shifts leading to macroalgae dominated communities may be mediated by competitive interactions, and are likely due to three light‐related processes: earlier sea ice break‐out at high latitudes can result in an exponential increase in the cumulative amount of light that enters the water column during a year; threshold effect in light requirements for algal growth; and light requirements of calcareous algae being substantially lower than those of macroalgae. With continued warming, our modeling results suggest that reduced sea ice coverage and increased light availability will favor dominance of macroalgae, which due to their key ecological role are expected to alter the structure and functioning of arctic rocky bottom ecosystems.
Acoustic‐telemetry payload control of an autonomous underwater vehicle for mapping tagged fish
Authors: Dodson Tom , Grothues Thomas M. , Eiler John H. , Dobarro Joseph A. , Shome Rahul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have demonstrated superior performance for tracking marine animals tagged with individually coded acoustic transmitters. However, AUVs engaged in mapping the distribution of multiple tagged fish have not previously been able to alter search paths to achieve precise position estimates. This problem is solved by the development of payload control software (Synthetic Aperture Override, SAOVR) that allows the AUV to maneuver with trajectories favorable for solving the tag's location from a synthetic aperture. Upon tag detection during a default mission search path, SAOVR (running on an embedded guest computer) seeks permission to take over navigation from the vehicle's native system after checking constraints of geography, timing, tag identification, signal strength, and current navigation state. Permitted maneuvers are then chosen from a template library and executed before returning the AUV to the point of first deviation for continued searching of other tags. Field evaluation on moored reference tags showed a high level of predictability in the AUV's behavior at SAOVR initiation and through maneuvers. Trials suggest that this logic system is highly beneficial to AUV use for fish telemetry in challenging environments such as narrow, deep fjords, or among reefs. Any mission programmed with the AUV's native software can be run with the SAOVR package to allow scientists to easily implement and manipulate synthetic aperture geometries without altering any of the software. Further modeling can help improve template design specific to expected movements of different fish species and relative to the designation of signal strength‐defined execution thresholds.
Unity Integration of Grating Slot Waveguide and Microfluid for Terahertz Sensing
Authors: Liang Li , Hu Xin , Wen Long , Zhu Yuhuan , Yang Xianguang , Zhou Jun , Zhang Yaxin , Carranza Ivonne Escorcia , Grant James , Jiang Chunping , Cumming David R. S. , Li Baojun , Chen Qin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRefractive index sensing is attracting extensive interest. Limited by the weak light–matter interaction and the broad bandwidth of resonance, the figure of merit (FoM) of terahertz (THz) sensors is much lower than their counterparts in visible and infrared regions. Here, these two issues are addressed by incorporating a microfluidic channel as a slot layer into a grating slot waveguide (GSW), where guided‐mode resonance results in a narrowband resonant peak and the sensitivity increases remarkably due to the greatly concentrated electromagnetic fields in the slot layer. Both reflective and transmissive sensors are developed with the calculated quality (Q) factors two orders of magnitude larger than metamaterial and plasmonic sensors, and the sensitivities one order of magnitude larger than grating waveguide sensors, contributing to a record high FoM of 692. The measured results match well with the simulations considering the fabrication errors, where the degeneration of narrowband transmission peaks in experiments is attributed to the error of the microfluidic channel height and the divergence of the incident beam. The proposed unity‐integrating configuration with simultaneous optimizations of the resonance mechanism, and the spatial overlap between the sensing field and the analytes shows the potential for high sensitivity bio and chemo sensing.
Effect of Different Electrolytes on the Supercapacitor Behavior of Single and Multilayered Electrode Materials Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Composite
Authors: Holla Sowmya , Selvakumar Muthu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the electropolymerization (template synthesis) and then fabrication of symmetrical supercapacitors based on single and multilayered multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (MWCNT/PA) is achieved. It is found that the morphology and capacitance values depend strongly on the nature and concentration of electrolytes. The presence of micro and mesopores on the MWCNTs provides the space for the deposition of PA on them. The extended conjugation results due to the overlapping of π electron cloud of sp2 hybridized carbon network of MWCNT with quinoid rings of three layers of PA doped with three dopants. This leads to the highest capacitance of 333 F g−1 and good charge–discharge cycling behavior with 85% charge retention at 1000 cycles for the symmetrical supercapacitor based on the multilayered composite material.
Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding
Authors: Salehiyan Reza , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article critically reviews the detailed fundamental understanding of the influence of conductive nanoparticle migration on the localization, and hence, electrical conductivity of immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites. Three types of conductive nanoparticles, namely, spherical, tubular, and platelet, are discussed with respect to their migration and electrical conductivity of obtained nanocomposites. A complete migration process consists of bulk migration within one component, contact with the interface, and penetration to the other component. During processing, the wetting coefficient parameter is the main thermodynamically controlling factor for nanoparticle localization. However, kinetic effects, such as mixing sequence and intensity, viscosity ratio, size and shape of the nanoparticles, and mixing time, can play a substantial role in determining the final locations of nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of migration varies with the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. It has been reported that nanoparticles in a more viscous phase move slower compared with a low viscous phase. Furthermore, nanoparticles having high aspect ratios and surface polarities compatible with the other component migrating faster. It is established that immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites with a “double percolation” structure having higher conductivity with nanoparticles are localized at the interface of the co‐continuous blends.
Retracted: Oscillatory solutions of n‐th order advanced trinomial differential equations
Authors: Luo Demou , Liang Haihua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRetraction: Luo D, Liang, H. Oscillatory solutions of n‐th order advanced trinomial differential equations. Mathematische Nachrichten. 2018; 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.201700219 The above article, published online on 5 October 2018, has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author, Demou Luo, the journal's Editors‐in‐Chief, R. Denk, B. Andrews, K. Hulek and F. Klopp, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. The retraction has been agreed due to the unattributed use of substantial portions of text from an article previously submitted to, but not published in, Mathematische Nachrichten by another author.
Is Benign Hereditary Chorea Really Benign? Brain‐Lung‐Thyroid Syndrome Caused by NKX2‐1 Mutations
Authors: Parnes Mered , Bashir Hassaan , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSince its localization to the NKX2‐1 gene in 2002, the phenotype of the disorder historically called “benign hereditary chorea” has been expanding beyond chorea.MethodsThe phenomenology of movement disorders and other symptomatology associated with mutations in NKX2‐1 were characterized after a detailed evaluation of consecutive patients evaluated in our clinic over the past 3 years.ResultsWe studied 5 patients (3 females), ages 2 to 31 years, with confirmed pathogenic variants in NKX2‐1. All patients exhibited chorea, gross motor delay, and gait impairment. Other symptoms included neonatal respiratory failure (n = 4), cognitive deficits (n = 3), hypothyroidism (n = 4), joint laxity (n = 2), myoclonus (n = 1), hypotonia (n = 3), and seizures (n = 1). Chorea often proved refractory to medical therapies.ConclusionsThe phenotype associated with pathogenic variants in NKX2‐1 frequently includes disabling and often medically refractory neurological and non‐neurological abnormalities. We therefore suggest that the term benign hereditary chorea be abandoned in favor of its genetic designation as NKX2‐1–related disorder.
High‐Fat Diet, Betaine, and Polydextrose Induce Changes in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Airaksinen Kaisa , Jokkala Jenna , Ahonen Ilmari , Auriola Seppo , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Hanhineva Kati , Tiihonen Kirsti 
Published: October 2018

ScopeHigh‐fat diets are a likely cause of low‐grade inflammation and obesity‐related pathologies. This study measures the effects of a high‐fat diet, in combination with two dietary supplements—betaine and polydextrose—on metabolism and inflammation in the adipose tissue of diet‐induced obese mice.Methods and ResultsForty male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks and compared with low‐fat‐diet‐fed control animals (n = 10). For the last 4 weeks, the high‐fat‐diet‐fed animals are supplemented with 1% betaine, 3.33% polydextrose, their combination, or plain water. Fat depots from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are analyzed for inflammatory markers and nontargeted metabolomics by quantitative PCR and LC–QTOF‐MS.The high‐fat diet significantly increases adipose tissue inflammation in both fat depots. By metabolic profiling, clear differences are noted between low‐fat‐diet and high‐fat‐diet groups with regard to the levels of several metabolite species—primarily carnitines, lipids, and amino acids. Dietary betaine mitigates the high‐fat‐diet‐induced IL‐6 expression and significantly increases betaine and butyrobetaine levels in adipose tissue.ConclusionsThe high‐fat diet induces patent changes in carnitine and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Betaine supplementation elevates the levels of betaine and its derivatives and certain carnitine species, as reported in muscle and liver, and moderately reduces inflammation.
In Situ Gluten–Chitosan Interlocked Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Architecture Reduces T‐Cell‐Mediated Immune Response to Gluten in Celiac Disease
Authors: Ribeiro Miguel , Picascia Stefania , Rhazi Larbi , Gianfrani Carmen , Carrillo Jose Maria , Rodriguez‐Quijano Marta , Branlard Gérard , Nunes Fernando M. 
Published: October 2018

ScopeThe prevalence of celiac disease has increased since the last half of the 20th century and is now about 1% in most western populations. At present, people who suffer from celiac disease have to follow a gluten‐exclusion diet throughout their lives. Compliance to this restrictive diet is demanding and the development of alternative strategies has become urgent.Methods and resultsIn this context, it is found that the biocompatible aminopolysaccharide chitosan imposes a different gluten reorganization after gluten redox reaction producing in situ mechanically interlocked supramolecular assemblies between gluten and chitosan. These new structures result in the decrease of gluten digestibility, tissue transglutaminase deamidation activity, and interferon‐γ production in intestinal T cell lines generated from biopsy specimens of celiac disease patients.ConclusionOverall, the results demonstrate the potential of this research avenue to celiac disease is problematic, as the reorganization of gluten proteins to a novel supramolecular architecture shows a positive impact on known pathogenesis mechanisms of the disease. At present, the only therapy for celiac disease is adherence to a gluten‐free diet. Here, it is shown that chitosan‐imposed gluten reorganization to an interlocked self‐assembled supramolecular architecture reduces gluten digestibility, R5‐reactivity, tissue transglutaminase deamidation activity, and its capacity to stimulate a T‐cell‐mediated immune response in celiac disease.