bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AT6SS trans-kingdom effector is required for the delivery of a novel antibacterial toxin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Berni Benjamin , Soscia Chantal , Sarah Djermoun , Bérengère Ize , Bleves Sophie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved multiple strategies to disarm and take advantage of its host. For this purpose this opportunist pathogen has particularly developed protein secretion in the surrounding medium or injection into host cells. Among this, the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is utilized to deliver effectors into eukaryotic host as well as target bacteria. It assembles into a contractile bacteriophage tail-like structure that functions like a crossbow, injecting an arrow loaded with effectors into the target cell. The repertoire of T6SS antibacterial effectors of P. aeruginosa is remarkably broad to promote environmental adaptation and survival in various bacterial communities, and presumably in the eukaryotic host too.Here we report the discovery a novel pair of antibacterial effector and immunity of P. aeruginosa, Tle3 and Tli3. Tli3 neutralizes the toxicity of Tle3 in the periplasm to protect from fratricide intoxication. The characterization of the secretion mechanism of Tle3 indicates that it requires a cytoplasmic adaptor, Tla3, to be targeted and loaded onto the VgrG2b spike and thus delivered by the H2-T6SS machinery. Tla3 is different from the other adaptors discovered so far, and defines a novel family among T6SS.Interestingly this led us to discover that VgrG2b that we previously characterized as an anti-eukaryotic effector possesses an antibacterial activity as well, as it is toxic towards Escherichia coli. VgrG2b is thus a novel trans-kingdom effector targeting both bacteria and eukaryotes. VgrG2b represents an interesting target for fighting against P. aeruginosa in the environment and in the context of host infection.HighlightsTle3 and Tli3 are a novel pair of antibacterial toxin and immunity of P. aeruginosaTla3 recruits Tle3 in the cytoplasm, and targets it to VgrG2bVgrG2b is required for Tle3 delivery into target bacteria by the H2-T6SSTla3 defines a novel type of T6SS adaptor with a DUF2875VgrG2b is a new trans-kingdom effector targeting both bacteria and eukaryotes
The quest for morally competent future Muslim accountants
Authors: Zubairu Umaru , Ismail Suhaiza , Fatima A.H. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The moral credibility of accountants has been battered for over two decades because of a seemingly unending series of accounting scandals. The inclusion of ethics education in the accounting curricula has been advocated as one option through which a new generation of morally competent accountants can be produced. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study that sought to determine the success of this strategy by measuring the moral competencies of 160 final-year Muslim accounting students enrolled in two Islamic-university accounting programs.

Design/methodology/approach
An open-ended, scenario-based, accounting-specific instrument was developed in collaboration with five Islamic accounting scholars to survey and measure the students’ moral competencies from an Islamic perspective.

Findings
The results revealed that the students had glaring weaknesses in their moral competencies, particularly in selecting an Islamically appropriate organization to work for after graduation and the importance of diligence in completing one’s task as an accountant. The implication of these results is that these accounting programs have to critically assess the ethical content of their curricula to ensure that it is capable of developing the moral competencies of these students to an excellent level.

Research limitations/implications
The implication of these results is that these accounting programs have to critically assess the ethical content of their curricula to ensure that it is capable of developing the moral competencies of these students to an excellent level.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the few moral competence studies that consider the source of moral values of the respondents in measuring their moral competencies. Additionally, it provides much-needed insight into the effectiveness of a policy to address a pressing problem in the accounting profession.
Regions of homozygosity as risk factors for multiple myeloma
Authors: Went Molly , Sud Amit , Li Ni , Johnson David C. , Mitchell Jonathan S. , Kaiser Martin , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGenomic regions of homozygosity (ROH), detectable in outbred populations, have been implicated as determinants of inherited risk. To examine whether ROH is associated with risk of multiple myeloma (MM), we performed whole‐genome homozygosity analysis using single‐nucleotide polymorphism genotype data from 2,282 MM cases and 5,197 controls, with replication in an additional 878 MM cases and 7,083 controls. Globally, the distribution of ROH between cases and controls was not significantly different. However, one ROH at chromosome 9q21, harboring the B‐cell transcription factor gene KLF9, showed evidence of a consistent association and may therefore warrant further investigation as a candidate risk factor for MM. Overall, our analysis provides little support for a homozygosity signature being a significant factor in MM risk.
A physiological study to determine the mechanism of carbon dioxide clearance during apnoea when using transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE)
Authors: Hermez L. A. , Spence C. J. , Payton M. J. , Nouraei S. A. R. , Patel A. , Barnes T. H. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryClinical observations suggest that compared with standard apnoeic oxygenation, transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange using high‐flow nasal oxygenation reduces the rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in patients who are anaesthetised and apnoeic. This suggests that active gas exchange takes place, but the mechanisms by which it may occur have not been described. We used three laboratory airway models to investigate mechanisms of carbon dioxide clearance in apnoeic patients. We determined flow patterns using particle image velocimetry in a two‐dimensional model using particle‐seeded fluorescent solution; visualised gas clearance in a three‐dimensional printed trachea model in air; and measured intra‐tracheal turbulence levels and carbon dioxide clearance rates using a three‐dimensional printed model in air mounted on a lung simulator. Cardiogenic oscillations were simulated in all experiments. The visualisation experiments indicated that gaseous mixing was occurring in the trachea. With no cardiogenic oscillations applied, mean (SD) carbon dioxide clearance increased from 0.29 (0.04) ml.min−1 to 1.34 (0.14) ml.min−1 as the transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange flow rate was increased from 20 l.min−1 to 70 l.min−1 (p = 0.0001). With a cardiogenic oscillation of 20 ml.beat−1 applied, carbon dioxide clearance increased from 11.9 (0.50) ml.min−1 to 17.4 (1.2) ml.min−1 as the transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange flow rate was increased from 20 l.min−1 to 70 l.min−1 (p = 0.0014). These findings suggest that enhanced carbon dioxide clearance observed under apnoeic conditions with transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange, as compared with classical apnoeic oxygenation, may be explained by an interaction between entrained and highly turbulent supraglottic flow vortices created by high‐flow nasal oxygen and cardiogenic oscillations.
Validating international CanMEDS‐based standards defining education and safe practice of nurse anesthetists
Authors: Herion C. , Egger L. , Greif R. , Violato C. 
Published: February 2019

AimTo investigate whether the CanMEDS‐based International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists’ Standards could adequately define the scope of practice and reliably be used to train and evaluate Swiss nurse anesthetists (NAs).BackgroundAlthough nurse anesthetists represent a majority of the global workforce in anesthesia, policies that define the scope of practice are frequently non‐existent. In low‐ and middle‐income countries, the lack of anesthesia providers with adequate training is a major challenge.IntroductionDespite stringent training requirements, the scope of practice of Swiss nurse anesthetists is actually not defined. Therefore, we surveyed and assessed whether nurse anesthetists felt that the professional competencies outlined in this framework were aligned with their clinical practice.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey investigated Swiss nurse anesthetists’ relevance ratings of 76 competencies of the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists according to their professional practice. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to determine the internal consistency of the competencies, as well as factor analyses to assess construct validity of these competencies integrated into the CanMEDS roles model.ResultsParticipants rated the Standards overall as very relevant with high reliability. Factor analyses provided evidence of construct validity of these.DiscussionThe International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists' Standards of Practice provide a highly relevant framework and a valuable set of competencies for the scope of practice of Swiss nurse anesthetists, which enabled translation from global guides to local national standards.Conclusion and implication for nursing and health policyAdopted by low‐ and middle‐income countries or countries where national standards are non‐existent, this survey could introduce national and local policies at minimally acceptable standards of care for nurse anesthetists worldwide. The above standards have the potential to align education, outcomes and assessment of nurse anesthetists with the needs of national healthcare systems.
CCL18 promotes the metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through MTDH‐NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Qin Yuexiang , Wang Juncheng , Zhu Gangcai , Li Guo , Tan Haolei , Chen Changhan , Pi Leiming , She Li , Chen Xiyu , Wei Ming , Li Zhexuan , Liu Zhifeng , Huang Donghai , Liu Yong , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetastasis is one of the primary causes for high mortality in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Our previous study showed that chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), derived from tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs), regulates SCCHN metastasis by promoting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and preserving stemness. However, the underlying mechanism needs to be further investigation. Interestingly, metadherin (MTDH) expression was induced when SCCHN cells were stimulated with recombinant CCL18 protein in this study. Suppressing MTDH expression reversed CCL18‐induced migration, invasion and EMT in SCCHN cells. Furthermore, the NF‐κB signalling pathway was involved in the MTDH knock‐down cells with CCL18 stimulation. We performed ELISA to evaluate the CCL18 levels in the serums of 132 treatment‐naive SCCHN patients, 25 patients with precancerous lesion and 32 healthy donors. Our results demonstrated that serum CCL18 levels were significantly higher in SCCHN patients than patients with precancerous lesion and healthy individuals. CCL18 levels were found to be significantly correlated with tumour classification, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade in SCCHN patients. Thus, our findings suggest that CCL18 may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of SCCHN and promote SCCHN invasion, migration and EMT by MTDH‐NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Validation of the dermatology‐specific proxy instrument the Infants and Toddlers Dermatology Quality of Life
Authors: Chernyshov P.V. , Sampogna F. , Pustišek N. , Marinovic B. , Manolache L. , Suru A. , Salavastru C.M. , Tiplica G.S. , Stoleriu G. , Kakourou T. , Alexopoulos A. , Nasi L. , Szepietowski J.C. , Trzeciak M. , Nowicki R.J. , Chubar O.V. , Chernyshov A.V. , Pochynok T.V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe first dermatology‐specific proxy health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for children 0–4 years old with skin diseases, the Infants and Toddlers Dermatology Quality of Life (InToDermQoL), was recently developed. In order to avoid the problem of cross‐cultural inequivalence focus groups work and pilot tests were organized simultaneously in all national centres of the project. The InToDermQoL showed good comprehensibility, clarity and acceptance.ObjectiveTo validate the InToDermQoL questionnaire during international field tests.MethodsInternal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the InToDermQoL questionnaire were checked during international field tests.ResultsParents of 473 children with skin diseases filled in the national language versions of the InToDermQoL questionnaire. All three age‐specific versions of the InToDermQoL questionnaire with 10, 12 and 15 items, respectively, showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.90–0.93), good test–retest reliability (correlation coefficients > 0.9), significant correlations with the most widely used atopic dermatitis‐specific proxy instrument, the Infants Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (correlation coefficients 0.68–0.79). The InToDermQoL versions for children <3 years old well correlated with the atopic dermatis severity measure Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (correlation coefficients 0.66 and 0.86 for 10 and 12 items versions, respectively). The InToDermQoL questionnaire discriminated well among different diagnoses and disease severity levels.ConclusionOur field tests confirmed internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the InToDermQoL questionnaire. Development and validation of the InToDermQoL questionnaire make it possible to assess dermatology‐specific aspects of HRQoL in youngest children with skin diseases. There are many reasons to assess HRQoL in dermatologic clinical practice, and we hope that our new instrument will be used internationally in paediatric dermatology for research and practical needs.
Age estimation based on visual parameters of the skin of cadavers
Authors: Tsuboi Hajime , Yokota Isao , Miyamori Daisuke , Akasaka Yoshihisa , Yamada Ayumu , Ikegaya Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported relationships between various visual parameters of the skin and changes due to aging. Due to an increase in the discovery of unidentified bodies, the field of forensic medicine anticipates the development of a rapid method for estimating age. The present study measured various visual parameters of the skin in human remains and investigated the correlation between these parameters and age.Materials and MethodsSkin images were taken of four body parts (cheek, chin, brachium, and thigh) of 414 forensic cases. We interpreted eight visual parameters of the skin (smoothness, roughness, texture, dullness, brightness, erythema, color phase, and sagging) from skin photograph images, and constructed three age‐prediction models, categorized by sex, postmortem interval, and age.ResultsSignificant correlations were observed in the erythema of the cheek and chin, the roughness of the brachium, and the texture of the brachium and thigh among the visual parameters calculated in four body parts, using the three models. The root‐mean‐square errors, which indicate the precision of the three prediction models, were 13.06, 13.80, and 13.77. The only model that demonstrated a correlation with the visual parameters was sex (but not age or postmortem interval).ConclusionSimilar to living subjects, we observed a correlation with age for a number of visual parameters. The parameters that correlate with age depend on whether the site being measured was exposed to sunlight. Age estimation based on visual parameters requires measurement of visual parameters for skin both exposed and not exposed to sunlight.
Replacement of infected aortoiliac vascular grafts with bifurcated BioIntegral Surgical No‐React® bovine pericardial xenografts
Authors: Terlecki Piotr , Zubilewicz Tomasz , Wojtak Andrzej , Pleban Eliza , Przywara Stanisław , Iłżecki Marek , Feldo Marcin , Chrapko Marek , Kęsik Jan Jakub , Terlecki Karol , Pedowski Tomasz , Chrapko Beata , Szopiński Piotr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe infection of a vascular prosthesis is potentially fatal, and its effective treatment still remains the greatest challenge for vascular surgeons. We present our initial experience using bovine pericardial vascular prostheses to replace infected aortoiliac vascular grafts. Six consecutive patients with infection of the graft were prospectively included in this study. Infection of the vascular graft was confirmed by clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and the results of computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In all cases, the infected aortoiliac graft was surgically removed and replaced by the bovine—pericardial BioIntegral aortic‐bifemoral prosthesis. Technical success was achieved in every case with no in‐hospital or 30 days mortality. One patient required revision of distal anastomosis due to recurrent bleeding at day four after surgery. One patient presented with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding during the postoperative period, which was managed endoscopically. The mean hospital stay was 14 days (range 9‐19). The control CT scan performed 2 months after surgery showed significant regression of abscesses and periprosthetic inflammation. Two patients died within 32 months of follow‐up: one due to heart attack, the other due to generalized sepsis, which was correlated with the previous infection. Four patients are still in follow‐up. The BioIntegral prosthesis is patent in all four cases, with no clinical or ultrasonographic signs of infection. Our brief investigation shows that a bovine pericardial prosthesis may be a valuable option in the treatment of vascular grafts infections.
Development and characterization of novel clinical grade neonatal porcine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nishimura Masuhiro , Nguyen Luan , Watanabe Natsuki , Fujita Yasutaka , Sawamoto Osamu , Matsumoto Shinichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to recent advances in research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSCs are expected to be used in various clinical applications. However, securing adequate cadaveric donors and safety of living donors are major issues. To solve such issues, we have examined to develop clinical grade neonatal porcine bone marrow‐derived MSCs (npBM‐MSCs). Clinical grade neonatal porcine bone marrow cells were collected, frozen, and sent to our laboratory by air. The npBM‐MSCs were isolated from thawed bone marrow cells, then frozen. The thawed npBM‐MSCs were examined for CD markers and differentiated into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. They were compared with human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (hBM‐MSCs) for growth rate and size. To assess the robustness of proliferation, we compared culture medium with or without gelatin. The npBM‐MSCs expressed positive MSC markers CD29, CD44, and CD90 and were differentiated into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. The doubling time of npBM‐MSCs was significantly shorter than that of hBM‐MSCs (17.3 ± 0.8 vs 62.0 ± 19.6 hours, P < 0.01). The size of npBM‐MSCs was also significantly smaller than that of hBM‐MSCs (13.1 ± 0.3 vs 17.5 ± 0.4 μm, P < 0.001). The npBM‐MSCs showed similar proliferation characters irrespective of with or without gelatin coating. The npBM‐MSCs secreted VEGF‐A, VEGF‐C, and TGF‐β1. We have established npBM‐MSCs which show super‐rapid growth, small size, and robust proliferation profile. The np‐MSCs might be able to solve the donor issues for MSC therapy.
Overall mortality in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema related to systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ariani Alarico , Silva Mario , Bravi Elena , Parisi Simone , Saracco Marta , De Gennaro Fabio , Caimmi Cristian , Girelli Francesco , De Santis Maria , Volpe Alessandro , Lumetti Federica , Hax Vanessa , Bredemeier Markus , Alfieri Veronica , Santilli Daniele , Bodini Flavio Cesare , Lucchini Gianluca , Mozzani Flavio , Seletti Valeria , Bacchini Emanuele , Arrigoni Eugenio , Giuggioli Dilia , Chakr Rafael , Idolazzi Luca , Bertorelli Giuseppina , Imberti Davide , Michieletti Emanuele , Paolazzi Giuseppe , Fusaro Enrico , Chetta Alfredo Antonio , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Sverzellati Nicola 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThis multicentre study aimed to investigate the overall mortality of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to compare CPFE-SSc characteristics with those of other SSc subtypes (with interstitial lung disease—ILD, emphysema or neither).MethodsChest CTs, anamnestic data, immunological profile and pulmonary function tests of patients with SSc were retrospectively collected. Each chest CT underwent a semiquantitative assessment blindly performed by three radiologists. Patients were clustered in four groups: SSc-CPFE, SSc-ILD, SSc-emphysema and other-SSc (without ILD nor emphysema). The overall mortality of these groups was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the stratified log-rank test; Kruskal-Wallis test, t-Student test and χ² test assessed the differences between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsWe enrolled 470 patients (1959 patient-year); 15.5 % (73/470) died during the follow-up. Compared with the SSc-ILD and other-SSc, in SSc-CPFE there was a higher prevalence of males, lower anticentromere antibodies prevalence and a more reduced pulmonary function (p<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates a significantly worse survival in patients with SSc-CPFE (HR vs SSc-ILD, vs SSc-emphysema and vs other-SSc, respectively 1.6 (CI 0.5 to 5.2), 1.6 (CI 0.7 to 3.8) and 2.8 (CI 1.2 to 6.6).ConclusionsCPFE increases the mortality risk in SSc along with a highly impaired lung function. These findings strengthen the importance to take into account emphysema in patients with SSc with ILD.
Some Buddhist Donors and Their Families
Authors: v. Hinüber O. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
From the very beginning the Buddhist order was dependent on donations, which were attractive for laypeople because of the merit thus accumulated. Therefore, names of donors were carefully documented in both, inscriptions, and, as soon as manuscripts are extant, also in colophons. Sometimes joint donations were made by families, whose members are named, under lucky circumstances even with an indication of their mutual relation such as parents, brothers, sisters etc. as participating in the merit made. This allows occasionally glimpses of the composition of average families and estimating their approximate seize in the ancient Indian cultural area. Hardly anything is known otherwise about this facet of Indian social history.