bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization of Northern Europe by Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Zagrobelny Mika , Dalsten Lene , Hille Axel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNorthern and mountainous ice sheets have expanded and contracted many times due to ice ages. Consequently, temperate species have been confined to refugia during the glacial periods wherefrom they have recolonized warming northern habitats between ice ages. In this study, we compare the gene CYP405A2 between different populations of the common burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae from across the Western Palearctic region to illuminate the colonization history of this species. These data show two major clusters of Z. filipendulae populations possibly reflecting two different refugial populations during the last ice age. The two types of Z. filipendulae only co‐occur in Denmark, Sweden, and Scotland indicating that Northern Europe comprise the hybridization zone where individuals from two different refugia met after the last ice age. Bayesian phylogeographic and ecological clustering analyses show that one cluster probably derives from an Alpe Maritime refugium in Southern France with ancestral expansive tendencies to the British Isles in the west, touching Northern Europe up to Denmark and Sweden, and extending throughout Central Europe into the Balkans, the Peleponnes, and South East Europe. The second cluster encompasses East Anatolia as the source area, from where multiple independent dispersal events to Armenia, to the Alborz mountains in north‐western Iran, and to the Zagros mountains in western Iran are suggested. Consequently, the classical theory of refugia for European temperate species in the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas does not fit with the data from Z. filipendulae populations, which instead support more Northerly, mountainous refugia.
An effective scheme to address influence maximization for opinion formation in social networks
Authors: He Qiang , Lei Zhencheng , Wang Xingwei , Huang Min , Cai Yuliang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfluence maximization for opinion formation (IMOF) is an important problem in social networks, which aims to select most influential nodes and obtains the maximal propagation of the most ideal opinions. The existing studies on the IMOF primarily concentrate on the effective selection scheme of the most influential nodes (ie, seed nodes) and the improved opinion formation models. However, there is little work describing and defining the IMOF mathematically. In this paper, we formulate the IMOF problem mathematically and propose the weighted cooperation model to compute the opinions of network nodes. To determine the most influential nodes, an effective scheme (including the score of potential nodes (SPNs) and elimination of overlapping influence (EOI)) is proposed. By using the reverse propagation process of public opinion and dynamically adjusting the influence score of each node, SPN determines the sorting of network node within the finite iterations. Moreover, to better determine the initial seed nodes, the EOI is adopted to deal with the similarity and overlapping influence among these nodes with high influence score. Finally, to evaluate the performance of SPN, the number of positive nodes with the change of seed nodes and the times of iteration by SPN is compared with three mainstream algorithms in social network data sets. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme obtains superior number of positive nodes than the comparison algorithms.
Critical analysis of nurses' labour market effectiveness in Canada: The hidden aspects of the shortage
Authors: Ariste Ruolz , Béjaoui Ali , Dauphin Anyck 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis article proposes a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the nurses' labour market by addressing the classic dimensions of a labour market: supply, demand, and the impact of wages. Specifically, this work aims to (1) clarify the various concepts of labour shortage and present the evidence and (2) provide a critical analysis of the literature in terms of the efficiency of the nurses' labour market, while presenting descriptive statistics relevant on the supply and demand of nurses' labour. Such work elucidating the concepts and bringing a critical retrospective and prospective analysis on the subject at the pan‐Canadian level constitutes an important contribution to the literature on the trends in the nursing labour market. The results suggest that this shortage in Canada was around 2.6% in 2012; it would continue until 2022 but would be reduced to 1.3% on average (corresponding to more than 46 000 nurses). Quebec would be the province with the highest vacancy rate. Besides, the analysis suggests that the postrecession period of 2008 was managed more effectively than that in the early 1990s. Measures particularly related to the provision of health services and adequate management of the workload by the institutions are to be prioritized in order to solve the shortage problem.
Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Benthic Life
Authors: McGrath Joy A , Joshua Namita , Bess Amanda S , Parkerton Thomas F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments can pose harm to the benthic community. Numerous sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for the protection of benthic life are available to assess the risk of individual PAHs and PAH mixtures in sediments. Sediment quality guidelines are derived using empirical or mechanistic approaches. Empirically based guidelines are derived using databases of paired sediment chemistry and biological responses and relating sediment concentration to the frequency of an adverse response. Mechanistically based SQGs are derived by considering the inherent aqueous toxicity of the chemical to different biota coupled with site-specific sediment characteristics (i.e., organic C) known to influence PAH bioavailability. Additionally, SQGs are derived to be either protective or predictive of adverse effects in benthic organisms. The objective of this critical review was to evaluate SQGs for use in screening-level risk assessments to identify sediments that may pose a risk to the benthic community. SQGs for PAHs were compiled and compared, and performance evaluated for predicting the presence and absence of toxicity using an extensive field data set. Furthermore, a 2-carbon equilibrium partitioning model and direct measurement of porewater via passive sampling were evaluated for improved performance in higher tiered risk assessments. Recommendations for the use of SQGs in screening evaluations, enhancements to current approaches, and opportunities to refine site risk estimate assessments using passive sampling measurements are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:505–518. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Assessment of Irrigation Scheduling Systems in Germany: Survey of the Users and Comparative Study
Authors: Baroni Gabriele , Drastig Katrin , Lichtenfeld Anna‐Ulrike , Jost Leonie , Claas Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn Germany, the irrigation sector accounts for only 1% of water use. In recent years, however, this sector has attracted more attention due to the occurrence of severe drought periods. Irrigation scheduling systems could support adaptation strategies but little is known about current providers, performance and users. In this study we aimed to depict the current situation of the existence and functioning of irrigation scheduling systems available in Germany. Six methods were identified and assessed based on direct interviews with end‐users and a comparative analysis. The results showed a positive feedback from the users. However, the recommendations were rarely implemented, while only the seasonal irrigation requirement was considered to support actual water abstraction. These results were corroborated by the comparative analysis. Five of the six irrigation scheduling systems estimated the seasonal irrigation amount consistently, while wider differences were found by looking at the irrigation season and at the number of irrigations. Overall, it is found that irrigation support systems are valuable tools for supporting adaptation strategies to fast changes in agro‐environmental conditions. However, specific assessments based on real measurements should be considered in order to improve the performance of the systems and provide more consistent support to end‐users. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 promotes cell proliferation and activates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in prostate cancer through sponging microRNA‐195
Authors: Song Jiannan , Wu Xuhong , Ma Rong , Miao Ling , Xiong Lei , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve critical roles in multiple human malignant tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, the biological role of oncogenic lncRNA SNHG12 in PCa remains largely unclear. In the present study, we found that SNHG12 was highly expressed in human PCa tissues and cell lines. In addition, gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies showed that overexpression of SNHG12 promoted, while downregulation suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa cells in vitro. Knockdown of SNHG12 also repressed PCa xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Further in‐depth mechanistic studies showed that SNHG12 might serve as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐195 in PCa cells, and miR‐195 expression level was negatively associated with the expression of SNHG12 in PCa tissues. Finally, we found that the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is enhanced by SNHG12 overexpression and rescued by co‐transfection with miR‐195 mimics in PCa cells. Collectively, the present study indicated the oncogenic function of SNHG12 in PCa and our findings might provide a new target in the treatment of PCa.
Molecular alterations of mitochondrial D‐loop in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Elamir Azza , ElRefai Sahar M. , Ghazy Shaimaa E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver the years, numerous studies proposed a crucial role of mutations of nuclear DNA in the carcinogenesis process. Of late, many researchers suppose that alterations of mitochondrial DNA should not be excepted from this analysis. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA displayed that mitochondrial D‐loop is assessed as a hotspot for molecular alterations in various types of malignant tumors encompassing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is believed to emerge through precancerous stages, which might be merely morphologic aspects of cumulative genetic variations.MethodsIn keeping with this model of molecular tumor progression, this study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative alterations that might occur in mitochondrial D‐loop in oral leukoplakia whether dysplastic or not by semiquantitation of a product of the polymerase chain reaction and sequence analyses of mitochondrial D‐loop gene.ResultsStatistically significant increases in the mean values of D‐loop concentrations were observed across the dysplasia gradient of oral leukoplakia. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of point mutations in both dysplastic and nondysplastic oral leukoplakia but not in normal mucosa.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that quantitative and qualitative alterations in mitochondrial D‐loop could be a promising molecular marker for early detection and progression of the malignancy.
Blood cell parameters for screening and diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Liao Lin , Xu Yuchan , Wei Hongying , Qiu Yuling , Chen Wenqiang , Huang Jian , Tao Yifeng , Deng Xuelian , Deng Zengfu , Tao Hui , Lin Faquan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThere is currently no single index for the diagnostic screening of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). However, hematology analyzers are widely used in hospital laboratories because of their highly automated performance and quality control procedure, and detection of some blood cell parameters may be useful for the early screening of HS.MethodsWe investigated the values of blood cell parameters for the screening and differential diagnosis of HS. We performed a descriptive study of 482 samples (67 cases of HS, 59 cases of G6PD deficiency, 57 cases of AIHA, 199 cases of thalassemia, and 100 cases of healthy controls) that were run on Beckman Coulter LH780 Hematology Analyzer.ResultsHS was characterized by increased MCHC, decreased MRV, MSCV‐MCV < 0, and increased Ret with no concomitant increase in IRF. The areas under the ROC curves were MSCV‐MCV (0.97; 95% CI 0.95‐1.0) > MRV (0.94; 95% CI 0.91‐0.97) > MCHC (0.92; 95% CI 0.88‐0.97) > Ret/IRF (0.77; 95% CI 0.7‐0.84). MSCV‐MCV ≤ 0.6 fl was valuable parameter for the diagnostic screening of HS, with a sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 94.9%.ConclusionThese indices have high reference values for differentiating HS from thalassemia, AIHA, and G6PD deficiency.
Effect of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the GLUT‐4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Khajebishak Yaser , Payahoo Laleh , Alivand Mohammadreza , Hamishehkar Hamed , Mobasseri Majid , Ebrahimzadeh Vahide , Alipour Mahdiye , Alipour Beitollah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAbnormality in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT‐4) function and insulin secretion are the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs, nowadays, nutraceuticals have been of much interest to investigators. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on the GLUT‐4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with T2DM. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 52 obese type 2 diabetic patients for 8 weeks in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018. Patients were divided into the intervention group (n = 26; who consumed daily three capsules containing 1 g PSO) and the placebo group (n = 26; the same amounts paraffin). GLUT‐4 gene expression and glycemic indices were evaluated by standard methods. GLUT‐4 gene expression was increased significantly in the PSO group. Within‐group changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were significant in the PSO group. After adjusting the age, gender, and baseline values, FBS was significantly decreased. Insulin concentration, HbA1C, HOMA‐IR, and HOMA‐β did not manifest significant changes. PSO increased the GLUT‐4 gene expression in diabetic patients without any side effects. However, future clinical studies are needed to confirm the obtained results.
Retracted: CXCL16 protects against oxygen and glucose deprivation‐induced injury in human microvascular endothelial cells‐1: Potential role in ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Ruiting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the protective effect of chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) against cell damage induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) in human microvascular endothelial cells‐1 (HMEC‐1) and its possible mechanism.MethodsCell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine cell viability and apoptosis of HMEC‐1, respectively. qRT‐PCR analysis was applied to display the expression of CXCL16 and miR‐424. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, CXCL16, cAMP/PKA/CREB, and PI3K–AKT–GSK3β pathway‐related proteins.ResultsOGD significantly inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis. CXCL16 overexpression decreased the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of HMEC‐1 induced by OGD. Furthermore, we found that CXCL16 was a target of miR‐424 and was downregulated by miR‐424. The further study showed that overexpression of miR‐424 significantly increased proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of HMEC‐1 induced by OGD. In addition, we also found that miR‐424 was downregulated by PMS2L2. In the subsequence experiment, overexpression of PMS2L2 significantly decreased the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of HMEC‐1 induced by OGD, which suggested that PMS2L2 decreased cell damage of HMEC‐1 induced by OGD. Simultaneously, CXCL16 treatment markedly increased the phosphorylation of PKA/CREB and PI3K–AKT–GSK3β and these signal pathways were blocked by signal inhibitors.ConclusionOur study first demonstrates that oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced human microvascular endothelial cells‐1 (HMEC‐1) cell injury was alleviated by CXCL16 targeted by miR‐424 which further targeted by PMS2L2. This process might also be regulated by activating PKA/CREB and PI3K–AKT–GSK3β pathways.
Microstructural morphology of dermal and oral denticles of the sharpnose sevengill shark Heptranchias perlo (Elasmobranchii: Hexanchidae), a deep‐water species
Authors: Rangel Bianca de Sousa , Amorim Alberto F. , Kfoury José R. , Rici Rose E. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dermal denticles are among the unique morphological adaptations of sharks, which have been acquired throughout their long evolutionary process of more than 400 million years. Species‐specific morphological characteristics of these structures has been applied specially as tools for functional and taxonomic (family‐level) studies. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the diversity of denticle structure in different around the body and oral cavity. In the present study, we described the morphological differences observed in skin and oral cavity of sharpnose sevengill shark Heptranchias perlo, using scanning electron microscopy. Our findings demonstrate substantial variation in morphological structure of the denticles of the body and oral cavity. Overall, the dermal denticles observed across body surface were overlapped, tricuspid, with the central cuspid being more pronounced, pointed, and triangular in shape compared with lateral ones. Unlike, the denticles on the tip of the nose had a smooth crown, with rounded edges, being compact, and overlapped. The oral denticles were found in the ventral and dorsal region of the oral cavity. They also were tricuspid, but with differences in arrangement and ridges. These results suggest a strict functional relationship with the morphological characteristics observed. Such morphological diversity body‐region‐dependent highlights the need for comparative studies that include oral denticles, since this structure has an important functional role in sharks and can be found in fossil and recent records.
Current genetic counseling practice in the United States following positive non‐invasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome abnormalities
Authors: Fleddermann Lauren , Hashmi Syed Shahrukh , Stevens Blair , Murphy Lauren , Rodriguez‐Buritica David , Friel Lara A. , Singletary Claire 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe current genetic counseling practice in the United States following a non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) result positive for a sex chromosome abnormality (SCA). Screening for SCAs can be confounded by confined placental mosaicism, natural loss of the X chromosome from maternal cells during aging, and undiagnosed maternal SCA or copy number variant (CNV). Furthermore, with the exception of 45,X, individuals with SCAs usually have no ultrasound or postnatal findings. This makes follow‐up for unresolved positive NIPT necessary; however, there are currently no clinical guidelines. This study used a cross‐sectional design with an anonymous questionnaire to survey 176 genetic counselors. The majority of prenatal respondents always offered diagnostic testing (>88%) and anatomy ultrasound (~90%), but the percent consistently offering maternal karyotype (22%–52%) and postnatal evaluation (28%–87%) varied. Maternal karyotype was offered more often when NIPT was positive for 45,X or 47,XXX and patients had normal prenatal diagnostic testing (p < 0.02) or declined testing (p < 0.02). Offer of postnatal evaluation was more likely when diagnostic testing was declined (p < 0.001). The majority of pediatric providers always offered a postnatal karyotype for the newborn (>72%) but the percent offering maternal karyotype (6%–46%) varied widely. With the current inconsistencies, many newborns with undiagnosed SCAs who could benefit from growth hormone therapy, early intervention, and/or targeted surveillance may be missed. Therefore, there is a need for professional guidelines to help improve the consistency of clinical care for patients with NIPT results positive for SCAs.
Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation
Authors: Deng Meihong , Scott Melanie J , Fan Jie , Billiar Timothy R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein, probably known best as a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. However, HMGB1 has multiple functions that depend on its location in the nucleus, in the cytosol, or extracellularly after either active release from cells, or passive release upon lytic cell death. Movement of HMGB1 between cellular compartments is a dynamic process induced by a variety of cell stresses and disease processes, including sepsis, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. Location of HMGB1 is intricately linked with its function and is regulated by a series of posttranslational modifications. HMGB1 function is also regulated by the redox status of critical cysteine residues within the protein, and is cell-type dependent. This review highlights some of the mechanisms that contribute to location and functions of HMGB1, and focuses on some recent insights on important intracellular effects of HMGB1 during sepsis and trauma.
Comparison of Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and multiecho dynamic contrast‐based MRI in rectal cancer
Authors: Bakke Kine Mari , Grøvik Endre , Meltzer Sebastian , Negård Anne , Holmedal Stein Harald , Mikalsen Lars Tore G. , Lyckander Lars Gustav , Ree Anne H. , Gjesdal Kjell‐Inge , Redalen Kathrine R. , Bjørnerud Atle 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDynamic contrast‐based MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) MRI are both methods showing promise as diagnostic and prognostic tools in rectal cancer. Both methods aim at measuring perfusion‐related parameters, but the relationship between them is unclear.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between perfusion‐ and permeability‐related parameters obtained by IVIM‐MRI, T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and T2*‐weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 94 patients with histologically confirmed rectal cancer.Field Strength/SequenceSubjects underwent pretreatment 1.5T clinical procedure MRI, and in addition a study‐specific diffusion‐weighted sequence (b = 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1300 s/mm2) and a multiecho dynamic contrast‐based echo‐planer imaging sequence.AssessmentMedian tumor values were obtained from IVIM (perfusion fraction [f], pseudodiffusion [D*], diffusion [D]), from the extended Tofts model applied to DCE data (Ktrans, kep, vp, ve) and from model free deconvolution of DSC (blood flow [BF] and area under curve). A subgroup of the excised tumors underwent immunohistochemistry with quantification of microvessel density and vessel size.Statistical TestSpearman's rank correlation test.ResultsD* was correlated with BF (rs = 0.47, P < 0.001), and f was negatively correlated with kep (rs = –0.31, P = 0.002). BF was correlated with Ktrans (rs = 0.29, P = 0.004), but this correlation varied extensively when separating tumors into groups of low (rs = 0.62, P < 0.001) and high (rs = –0.06, P = 0.68) BF. Ktrans was negatively correlated with vessel size (rs = –0.82, P = 0.004) in the subgroup of tumors with high BF.Data ConclusionWe found an association between D* from IVIM and BF estimated from DSC‐MRI. The relationship between IVIM and DCE‐MRI was less clear. Comparing parameters from DSC‐MRI and DCE‐MRI highlights the importance of the underlying biology for the interpretation of these parameters.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1114–1124.