bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Pornography Use Related to Erectile Functioning? Results From Cross-Sectional and Latent Growth Curve Analyses
Authors: Grubbs J. B. , Gola M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Despite evidence to the contrary, a number of advocacy and self-help groups persist in claiming that internet pornography use is driving an epidemic of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
The present work sought to explore whether mere pornography use itself and self-reported problematic use of pornography are related to ED, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Methods
A series of 3 samples of sexually active men who also used pornography were collected: a cross-sectional sample of undergraduate men in the United States (n = 147), an online sample of men derived from a larger sample that was matched to U.S. nationally representative norms (n = 297), and a 1-year, 4-wave longitudinal sample of adult men derived from an online convenience sample (Mechanical Turk: time 1, n = 433; time 2, n = 223; time 3, n = 202; time 4, n = 196). Pearson correlations and cross-sectional structural equation models were conducted in each sample. Latent growth curve analyses were conducted in the longitudinal sample.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcomes of interest were cross-sectional and longitudinal reports of erectile functioning as measured by the International Index of Erectile Functioning 5.

Results
Across all 3 samples, there was evidence of a positive, cross-sectional association between self-reported problematic use and ED, but no consistent association between mere use itself and ED. In our longitudinal sample, there were correlations among baseline pornography use, baseline self-reported problematic use, and prospective ED at times 2–4; however, latent growth curve analyses demonstrated no significant relationships between any pornography-related variables and trajectories of ED.

Clinical Implications
These results suggest that among non-treatment-seeking pornography users, self-reported problematic use likely is associated with concurrent reports of ED, but that the links between these variables are not directional or causal in nature.

Strength & Limitations
This work is the first work to systematically examine the links between self-reported problematic use of pornography and ED, and it did so in a variety of samples, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Even so, the work relied exclusively on self-report methods, and did not control for medical covariates that may be related to the experience of ED.

Conclusion
In conjunction with prior literature, we conclude that there is little or no evidence of an association between mere pornography use and ED, consistent evidence of an association between self-reported problematic use and ED cross-sectionally, and no evidence of causal links between any pornography variables and ED.
Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of household-level double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Islam Md Saimul , Biswas Tuhin , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of household-level mother–child double burden (MCDB) of malnutrition in Bangladesh.DesignThe analysis was done using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 data. Multivariable logistic regression identified the sociodemographic factors associated with double-burden households.SettingNationally representative cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA total of 5951 households were included in the analysis.ResultsA coexistence of overweight or obese mother and underweight or stunted or wasted child (OWOBM/USWC) was found in 6·3 % households. The prevalence of overweight or obese mother and underweight child (OWOBM/UWC) was 3·8 %, of overweight or obese mother and stunted child (OWOBM/STC) was 4·7 %, and of overweight or obese mother and wasted child (OWOBM/WSC) was 1·7 %. Mother’s age 21–25 years at first birth, middle wealth index group, having two or three children and having four or more children showed statistically significant (P<0·05) associations with OWOBM/UWC. Households with mother’s age 21–25 years at first birth, middle wealth index group, no exposure to information media, having two or three children and having four or more children had higher odds of OWOBM/STC and OWOBM/USWC which were statistically significant (P<0·05). Delivery of child through caesarean section was significantly associated with OWOBM/USWC (P<0·05).ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of MCDB of malnutrition in Bangladesh is low, prevention programmes must consider the nutrition concerns of the entire household to prevent future risks. Such programmes also need to be tagged with family planning and increasing awareness through social and behaviour change counselling and exposure to information media.
Planetary mass, vegetation height and climate
Authors: Stevenson David S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe maximum height trees can grow on Earth is around 122–130 m. The height is constrained by two factors: the availability of water, and where water is not limiting, the pressure available to drive the column of water along the xylem vessels against the pull of gravity (cohesion tension). In turn the height of trees impacts the biodiversity of the environment in a number of ways. On Earth the largest trees are found in maritime temperate environments along the Pacific Northwest coasts of northern California and southern Oregon. These forests provide a large number of secondary habitats for species and serve as moisture pumps that return significant volumes of water to the lower atmosphere. In this work, we apply simple mathematical rules to illustrate how super-terran planets will have significantly smaller trees, with concomitant effects on the habitability of the planet. We also consider the impact of varying tree height on climate models.
Study of Terrestrial Glints Based on DSCOVR Observations
Authors: Li Jia‐Zheng , Fan Siteng , Kopparla Pushkar , Liu Chao , Jiang Jonathan H. , Natraj Vijay , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSmall flashes of reflected light—called glints—are found in images taken by spacecraft observing the Earth, and occur due to specularly reflected solar radiation. These glints have been found over both ocean and land. Using Deep Space Climate Observatory observations, we show that glints over land are due to specular reflection off horizontally oriented ice platelets floating in the air, while glints over ocean have contributions from reflection off either platelets floating above the ocean or a relatively smooth ocean surface. We use a radiative transfer model to simulate different kinds of glints and to explore their properties. This technique of comparing observations of terrestrial glints with model simulations may provide new information relevant to atmospheric dynamics and the search for habitable exoplanets.
Dissolved Organic Matter Chemistry and Transport Along an Arctic Tundra Hillslope
Authors: Lynch Laurel M. , Machmuller Megan B. , Boot Claudia M. , Covino Timothy P. , Rithner Christopher D. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Hoyt David W. , Wallenstein Matthew D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPermafrost thaw is projected to restructure the connectivity of surface and subsurface flow paths, influencing export dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) through Arctic watersheds. Resulting shifts in flow path exchange between both soil horizons (organic‐mineral) and landscape positions (hillslope‐riparian) could alter DOM mobility and molecular‐level patterns in chemical composition. Using conservative tracers, we found relatively rapid lateral flows occurred across a headwater Arctic tundra hillslope, as well as along the mineral‐permafrost interface. While pore waters collected from the organic horizon were associated with plant‐derived molecules, those collected from permafrost‐influenced mineral horizons had a microbial origin, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Using high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that riparian DOM had greater structural diversity than hillslope DOM, suggesting riparian soils could supply a diverse array of compounds to surface waters if terrestrial‐aquatic connectivity increases with warming. In combination, these results suggest that integrating DOM mobilization with its chemical and spatial heterogeneity can help predict how permafrost loss will structure ecosystem metabolism and carbon‐climate feedbacks in Arctic catchments with similar topographic features.
Estimating Air‐Sea Carbon Flux Uncertainty Over the Tropical Pacific: Importance of Winds and Wind Analysis Uncertainty
Authors: Chiodi A. M. , Dunne J. P. , Harrison D. E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe tropical Pacific is a major natural source of CO2 to the atmosphere and contributor to global air‐sea carbon flux variability. High time‐resolution wind and CO2 measurements from equatorial Pacific moorings reveal the primary factor controlling mooring‐observed flux variability to be near‐surface wind variability, above CO2 variability, in this region over the last 10 years. The analysis product winds used most widely in previous calculations of basin‐scale carbon flux are compared with mooring winds and found to exhibit significant differences in mean, variability, and trend. Earth system model calculations are in basic agreement with the mooring results and used to estimate effects of wind uncertainty on our knowledge of regional air‐sea carbon exchange. Results show that NCEP1 and NCEP2 winds contain biases large enough to obscure the interannual variability of CO2 flux (RMSE ≈ σ) and cause spurious 25‐year (1992–2016) trend components in equatorial Pacific carbon flux of 0.038–0.039 and 0.016–0.021 Pg C yr−1 per decade, respectively. These spurious trends act to reduce by up to 50% the 25‐year trend in equatorial Pacific carbon flux simulated by the Earth system model under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The Cross‐Calibrated‐Multi‐Platform wind product tracks observed variability of equatorial Pacific wind better (interannual RMSE ≈ 0.4σ) than the NCEP reanalyses when site sampled at mooring locations yet still causes a spurious regional trend (0.03 Pg C yr−1 per decade) that masks 40% of the simulated 25‐year trend in carbon flux. The mooring observations are fundamental to identifying the limitations of current wind products to characterizing long‐term trends and understanding air‐sea carbon exchange.
The Effect of Stress on Limestone Permeability and Effective Stress Behavior of Damaged Samples
Authors: Meng Fanbao , Baud Patrick , Ge Hongkui , Wong Teng‐fong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evolution of permeability and its effective stress behavior is related to inelastic deformation and failure mode. This was systematically investigated in Indiana and Purbeck limestones with porosities of 16% and 14%, respectively. High‐pressure compression tests were conducted at room temperature on water‐saturated samples. At relatively high confinement shear‐enhanced compaction was observed to initiate at a critical stress, accompanied by significant permeability reduction of up to a factor of ~3. Overall, the permeability reduction due to inelastic compaction in our limestones is smaller than that observed in sandstones. At relatively low confinement, dilatant failure was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease and increase of permeability in Indiana and Purbeck limestones, respectively. There seems to be a trend for the correlation between porosity and permeability changes to switch from positive to negative with increasing porosity. The void space of both limestones has significant proportions of macropores and micropores. The effective stress behavior of such a limestone with dual porosity has been documented to be different from the prediction for a microscopically homogeneous assemblage, in that its effective stress coefficients for permeability and pore volume change may attain values significantly >1. In contrast, our investigation of damaged samples consistently showed effective stress coefficients for both permeability and pore volume change with values <1. This suggests that the behavior in the damaged samples is akin to that of a microscopically homogeneous assemblage, possibly due to pervasive collapse of macropores that would effectively homogenize the initially bimodal pore size distribution.
Formation and Removal of a Coastal Flood Deposit
Authors: Eidam E. F. , Ogston A. S. , Nittrouer C. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring floods, small mountainous rivers transport large sediment loads to the coastal ocean. This sediment often deposits near shore, and if conditions allow, various types of gravity flows (including hyperpycnal river plumes) can transport the sediment across the shelf within minutes to months of delivery. The stochastic and energetic nature of small‐mountainous‐river flood dispersal presents challenges to observations of transport processes and flood‐deposit formation during events, however. In this study, the removal of two dams on the Elwha River afforded an opportunity to closely monitor coastal sediment dispersal using boundary‐layer instrument systems during 4 years of intense sediment loading. A flood in March 2014 generated fluvial sediment concentrations of 14–20 g/L, coastal boundary‐layer concentrations of up to 14 g/L, and 23 cm of muddy sand deposition in a few days. Limited evidence exists for a gravity flow lasting <2 hr during slack tide, coinciding with the waning phase of the secondary flood peak. However, rapid sediment deposition over the 4‐day event period was dominated by advection of sediment in the boundary layer and by suspension settling from turbid river water, which never exceeded the well‐established 35–40 g/L required for hyperpycnal river plume formation. Within 3 weeks, the entire sandy flood deposit had been eroded by strong tidal currents. This system highlights the difficulty in forming hyperpycnal river plumes within tidally energetic systems, even from an extremely turbid river, and the conditions that can erase major sediment delivery events from the sedimentary record.
Quantification of Tidal Asymmetry and Its Nonstationary Variations
Authors: Guo Leicheng , Wang Zheng Bing , Townend Ian , He Qing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTidal wave deformation and tidal asymmetry widely occur in tidal estuaries and lagoons. Tidal asymmetry has been intensively studied because of its controlling role on residual sediment transport and large‐scale morphological evolution. There are several methods available to characterize tidal asymmetry prompting the need for an overview of their applicability and shortcomings. In this work we provide a brief review and evaluation of two methods, namely, the harmonic method and the statistical method. The latter comprises several statistical measures that estimate the probability density function and various forms of skewness. We find that both the harmonic and statistical methods are effective and have complementary advantages. The harmonic method is applicable to predominantly semidiurnal or diurnal regimes, while the statistical methods can be used in mixed tidal regimes. Assisted by harmonic data, a modified skewness measure can isolate the contribution of different tidal interactions on net tidal asymmetry and also reveal its subtidal variations. The application of the skewness measure to nonstationary river tides reveals stronger tidal asymmetry during spring tides than neap tides, and the nonlinear effects of river discharges on tidal asymmetry in the upper and lower regions of long estuaries.
Modeling Benthic Versus Hyporheic Nutrient Uptake in Unshaded Streams With Varying Substrates
Authors: Roche Kevin R. , Shogren Arial J. , Aubeneau Antoine , Tank Jennifer L. , Bolster Diogo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAssessments of riverine ecosystem health and water quality require knowledge of how headwater streams transport and transform nutrients. Estimates of nutrient demand at the watershed scale are commonly inferred from reach‐scale solute injections, which are typically reported as uptake velocities (vf). Multiple interacting processes control vf, making it challenging to predict how vf responds to physical changes in the stream. In this study, we link vf to a continuous time random walk model to quantify how vf is controlled by in‐stream (velocity, dispersion, and benthic reaction) and hyporheic processes (exchange rate, residence times, and hyporheic reaction). We fit the model to conservative (NaCl) and nitrate (NO3−‐N) pulse tracer injections in unshaded replicate streams at the Notre Dame Linked Experimental Ecosystem Facility, which differed only in substrate size and distribution. Experiments were conducted over the first 25 days of biofilm colonization to examine how the interaction between substrate type and biofilm growth influenced modeled processes and vf. Model fits of benthic reaction rates were ∼8× greater than hyporheic reaction rates for all experiments and did not vary with substrate type or over time. High benthic reactivity was associated with filamentous green algae coverage on the streambed, which dominated total algal biomass. Finally, vf was most sensitive to benthic reaction rate and stream velocity, and sensitivity varied with stream conditions due to its nonlinear dependence on all modeled processes. Together, these results demonstrate how reach‐scale nutrient demand reflects the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic processes in the benthic layer and the hyporheic zone.
Diffraction of a TE‐Polarized Wave by a Nonlinear Goubau Line
Authors: Smirnov Yuri , Smolkin Eugene , Shestopalov Yury 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe diffraction of a cylindrical wave by a nonlinear metal‐dielectric waveguide filled with nonlinear medium is considered. Two widely used types of nonlinearities (Kerr nonlinearity and nonlinearity with saturation) are considered. The problem is to find amplitudes of the reflected and the transmitted fields when the amplitude of the incident field is known. The analytical and numerical solution techniques are developed. Numerical results are presented.
Half a degree and rapid socioeconomic development matter for heatwave risk
Authors: Russo Simone , Sillmann Jana , Sippel Sebastian , Barcikowska Monika J. , Ghisetti Claudia , Smid Marek , O’Neill Brian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile every society can be exposed to heatwaves, some people suffer far less harm and recover more quickly than others from their occurrence. Here we project indicators of global heatwave risk associated with global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C, specified by the Paris agreement, for two future pathways of societal development representing low and high vulnerability conditions. Results suggest that at the 1.5 °C warming level, heatwave exposure in 2075 estimated for the population living in low development countries is expected to be greater than exposure at the warming level of 2 °C for the population living in very high development countries. A similar result holds for an illustrative heatwave risk index. However, the projected difference in heatwave exposure and the illustrative risk index for the low and very high development countries will be significantly reduced if global warming is stabilized below 1.5 °C, and in the presence of rapid social development.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse neocortical development
Authors: Loo Lipin , Simon Jeremy M. , Xing Lei , McCoy Eric S. , Niehaus Jesse K. , Guo Jiami , Anton E. S. , Zylka Mark J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe development of the mammalian cerebral cortex depends on careful orchestration of proliferation, maturation, and migration events, ultimately giving rise to a wide variety of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. To better understand cellular and molecular processes that unfold during late corticogenesis, we perform single-cell RNA-seq on the mouse cerebral cortex at a progenitor driven phase (embryonic day 14.5) and at birth—after neurons from all six cortical layers are born. We identify numerous classes of neurons, progenitors, and glia, their proliferative, migratory, and activation states, and their relatedness within and across age. Using the cell-type-specific expression patterns of genes mutated in neurological and psychiatric diseases, we identify putative disease subtypes that associate with clinical phenotypes. Our study reveals the cellular template of a complex neurodevelopmental process, and provides a window into the cellular origins of brain diseases.
Attentional bias assessed by a facial expression cuing paradigm in infants
Authors: Nakagawa Atsuko , Sukigara Masune 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo disambiguate infants’ attentional bias towards fearful facial expressions, we applied a facial expression cueing paradigm to 36 6-month-old and 33 12-month-old infants, with 21 infants taking part at both ages. Infants made saccades towards a peripheral target preceded by a happy, fearful, or neutral cue directing their attention to the target location (congruent) or the wrong location (incongruent). The results show that infants were faster to respond when shown a fearful (vs. happy) face as a congruent cue, which is consistent with previous studies referring to fearful vigilance, while an incongruent fearful cue reduces attention shifts to the target on the opposite side of the monitor to a greater extent than an incongruent happy cue at 12 months, implying that a fearful facial expression prolongs attentional disengagement or is associated with a greater narrowing of attention. Additionally, the latencies of 6-month-olds were significantly faster than those of 12-month-olds in a congruent condition. The relationship between attentional bias and temperamental disposition was examined using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised. High temperamental orienting scores partly correlated with attentional bias at 12 months. The contributions of attentional brain networks to socio-cognitive and emotional development are also discussed.
Keyless Semi-Quantum Point-to-point Communication Protocol with Low Resource Requirements
Authors: Lu Haoye , Barbeau Michel , Nayak Amiya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFull quantum capability devices can provide secure communications, but they are challenging to make portable given the current technology. Besides, classical portable devices are unable to construct communication channels resistant to quantum computers. Hence, communication security on portable devices cannot be guaranteed. Semi-Quantum Communication (SQC) attempts to break the quandary by lowering the receiver’s required quantum capability so that secure communications can be implemented on a portable device. However, all SQC protocols have low qubit efficiency and complex hardware implementations. The protocols involving quantum entanglement require linear Entanglement Preservation Time (EPT) and linear quregister size. In this paper, we propose two new keyless SQC protocols that address the aforementioned weaknesses. They are named Economic Keyless Semi-Quantum Point-to-point Communication (EKSQPC) and Rate Estimation EKSQPC (REKSQPC). They achieve theoretically constant minimal EPT and quregister size, regardless of message length. We show that the new protocols, with low overhead, can detect Measure and Replay Attacks (MRA). REKSQDC is tolerant to transmission impairments and environmental perturbations. The protocols are based on a new quantum message transmission operation termed Tele-Fetch. Like QKD, their strength depends on physical principles rather than mathematical complexity.