bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stiffness and Range of Motion After Minimally Invasive Chevron-Akin and Open Scarf-Akin Procedures
Authors: Frigg Arno , Zaugg Sandrine , Maquieira Gerardo , Pellegrino Alex 
Published: January 2019

Background: Stiffness after open hallux valgus surgery affects 7% to 38% of patients. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is thought to decrease this rate by reducing soft tissue trauma. MIS, now in its third generation, is advertised as delivering results superior to open surgery. However, no studies have reported stiffness or range of motion (ROM). Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2015, a total of 50 patients received open scarf-Akin surgery and 48 received minimally invasive Chevron Akin (MICA) surgery. The endpoints were American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, range of motion, visual analog scale for pain, scar length, and subjective foot value. The minimal follow-up time was 2 years. Results: Moderate stiffness occurred in 3 cases in both groups. In MICA, extension increased by 10 degrees while it remained unchanged in scarf. Both groups showed similar improvements in AOFAS score, pain, and subjective foot value. Radiographic evidence of correction was comparable, except for an increased shortening of the first metatarsal by 3 mm in MICA. The scars were smaller in MICA (1.2 cm) than in scarf (5 cm). Wound problems included delayed healing in 10% in scarf and wound infections in 4% in MICA. The rate of recurrence and other complications were comparable, except for reoperations, which were higher in MICA (27% mainly for protruding screws) than in scarf (8% mainly for stiffness). In MICA, 14% were intraoperatively converted to open surgery. Conclusion: MICA showed no advantages over scarf other than a shorter scar. The observed gain in extension could be related to the increased shortening of the first metatarsal because of the size of the burr. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort (nonrandomized, comparative) study.
Preparation of maltodextrin stabilized α-tocopherol nanoemulsions using solvent-displacement technique
Authors: Firoozy Mitra , Anarjan Navideh 
Published: February 2019

α-Tocopherol nanoemulsions were prepared in current research using various proportions of Polysorbate 20 and maltodextrin as binary stabilizer mixtures through solvent-displacement technique. The effects of maltodextrin proportion in stabilizer mixture, on physicochemical characteristics of gained nanoemulsions, namely average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, conductivity, in vitro antioxidant activity, in vitro cellular uptake and their rheological parameters were studied. The results show that using maltodextrin, as surface active biopolymer, together with Polysorbate 20, as small molecular stabilizer, could improve the characteristics of nanoemulsions considerably. The studied characteristics of all prepared shear-thinning (pseudo-plastic) nanoemulsions were well fitted to maltodextrin proportions via various polynomial models using regression statistical analysis. Thus, applying the surface active polysaccharides as stabilizer, in nanoemulsion formulations, and tuning its proportions to general used small molecular emulsifiers, can develop more desired functional lipid such as α-tocopherol nanoemulsions for various water-based food and pharmaceutical uses.
Social and Solidarity Economy and the Future of Work* This paper draws on a work that was previously published by the ILO and is available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_emp/—emp_ent/—coop/documents/publication/wcms_573160.pdf (Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017.)
Authors: Borzaga Carlo , Salvatori Gianluca , Bodini Riccardo 
Published: January 2019

The global economy is affected by significant economic, technological and demographic changes that threaten to reduce decent work opportunities at a time when the demand for employment is growing, and economic inequalities are higher than ever. New technologies and automation are increasingly replacing human workers, and the sectors that are less likely to be affected by these phenomena and more likely to grow in the near future (e.g., like personal services) are also more prone to informal or non-standard forms of employment. In this context, significant attention is being paid to the social and solidarity economy (SSE) as a viable option to address some of these challenges. Indeed, while the SSE comprises a diverse and heterogeneous universe of organisational models and approaches, the main actors within the SSE share a set of common features that make them ideally suited to take on some of the key issues related to the future of work. The article reviews the main theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the features and role of SSE organisations, paying particular attention to their implications for the creation and preservation of decent work. The analysis shows that SSE organisations can indeed help create and preserve employment in traditional sectors and promote decent work by providing quality and stable jobs, facilitating women’s entry into the labour force, integrating disadvantaged workers and helping the transition from informal to formal employment. The article also argues that SSE organisations can help channel jobs in emerging sectors like the ‘silver economy’ that are at risk of non-standard forms of work, within entrepreneurial organisations that can provide more structure and security. This will be particularly important in the coming years, as a larger share of employment will come from the service sector (including in particular personal care and social services) and will be much less structured than in the past due to the rise of the gig economy. The article concludes with a review of the main policy implications, briefly describing the types of initiatives, both at the national and international levels, that could lend the SSE the support it needs in order to fulfil its potential and help improve the future of work.
Effects of Naltrexone on Energy Balance and Hypothalamic Melanocortin Peptides in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Panigrahi Sunil K , Meece Kana , Wardlaw Sharon L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The hypothalamic melanocortin system composed of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. The POMC-derived peptides, α-MSH and β-EP, have distinct roles in this process. α-MSH inhibits food intake, whereas β-EP, an endogenous opioid, can inhibit POMC neurons and stimulate food intake. A mouse model was used to examine the effects of opioid antagonism with naltrexone (NTX) on Pomc and Agrp gene expression and POMC peptide processing in the hypothalamus in conjunction with changes in energy balance. There were clear stimulatory effects of NTX on hypothalamic Pomc in mice receiving low- and high-fat diets, yet only transient decreases in food intake and body weight gain were noted. The effects on Pomc expression were accompanied by an increase in POMC prohormone levels and a decrease in levels of the processed peptides α-MSH and β-EP. Arcuate expression of the POMC processing enzymes Pcsk1, Pcsk2, and Cpe was not altered by NTX, but expression of Prcp, an enzyme that inactivates α-MSH, increased after NTX exposure. NTX exposure also stimulated hypothalamic Agrp expression, but the effects of NTX on energy balance were not enhanced in Agrp-null mice. Despite clear stimulatory effects of NTX on Pomc expression in the hypothalamus, only modest transient decreases in food intake and body weight were seen. Effects of NTX on POMC processing, and possibly α-MSH inactivation, as well as stimulatory effects on AgRP neurons could mitigate the effects of NTX on energy balance.
OFICINAS “RACISMO E EDUCAÇÃO”: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ATUAÇÃO DE UMA PESQUISA-AÇÃO NA APLICAÇÃO DA LEI 10.639/03
Authors: Santos Renato Emerson dos , Corrêa Gabriel Siqueira , Santos Ronald Coutinho 
Published: January 2019

A Lei 10.639/2003, conquista do Movimento Negro Brasileiro na luta contra o racismo, traz desafios ao mundo da educação. A sua implementação nos diferentes ambientes (escolares, universitários, burocráticos, etc.) enfrenta resistências (sobretudo, calcadas no chamado “mito da democracia racial”) e constitui pactos entre aqueles que se propõem a tratar as temáticas da Lei. Reflete-se aqui sobre uma experiência, as oficinas “Racismo e Educação”. Realizadas pelo NEGRAM (Núcleo de Pesquisa e Estudos em Geografia, Relações Raciais e Movimentos Sociais) da FFP/UERJ entre 2009 e 2013, foram 41 atividades em escolas, eventos e na universidade, discutindo temas como racismo (na sociedade e no ambiente escolar em específico), o papel da escola na superação do racismo, entre outros. São debatidas as reações dos públicos (estudantes de escola, de universidade, professorado), a relação com as escolas, e os pactos e disputas políticas em torno do currículo que tais reações e relações evidenciam.
SLAP lesions: current controversies
Authors: Familiari Filippo , Huri Gazi , Simonetta Roberto , McFarland Edward G. 
Published: January 2019

Knowledge of the pertinent anatomy, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of the spectrum of injuries involving the superior glenoid labrum and biceps origin is required in treating the patient with a superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tear. Despite the plethora of literature regarding SLAP lesions, their clinical diagnosis remains challenging for a number of reasons. First, the diagnostic value of many of the available physical examination tests is inconsistent and ambiguous. Second, SLAP lesions most commonly occur concomitantly with other shoulder injuries. Third, SLAP lesions have no specific associated pain pattern. Outcomes following surgical treatment of SLAP tears vary depending on the method of treatment, associated pathology and patient characteristics. Biceps tenodesis has been receiving increasing attention as a possible treatment for SLAP tears. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:25-32. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180033.
Barriers and Motivators for Tractor ROPS Retrofitting in Iowa
Authors: Schwab Charles V. , Arbuckle J. Gordon , Hanna H. Mark 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach conducted an assessment of Iowa farm operators’ perceptions of the barriers and motivators when considering retrofitting tractors with rollover protective structures (ROPS). A statewide sample of approximately 2,000 farm operators was surveyed in the 2017 Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll. A series of questions was asked to evaluate the importance of potential barriers to decisions to not retrofit a tractor and potential motivators that could influence the decision to retrofit or purchase a tractor with ROPS. The survey received a 48% response rate (999 responses). Among the 76% of Iowa farm operators who reported at least one pre-1985 tractor, only 18.6% reported that all of those tractors had ROPS. The remaining 81.4% had at least one tractor that did not have ROPS. Iowa farm operators’ perceptions of the barriers and motivators when considering retrofitting tractors with ROPS are shared. The results of Iowa farm operators’ perceptions will be used as Iowa State University Extension and Outreach prepares to align efforts with the National Tractor Safety Coalition and participate in the National ROPS Rebate Program, with the goal of reducing tractor fatalities. Keywords: Agricultural fatalities, Farm safety, Farmer-attitudes, Retrofit, Rollover protective structures, Safety, Tractor overturns, Tractor safety.
Notes from the Editors, February 2019
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: February 2019

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Climatologist James Hansen's 2018 "Climate Change in a Nutshell: The Gathering Storm," known as the Nutshell document, is the single most important analysis currently available for general readers seeking to stay abreast of the science and politics of global warming. Nevertheless, denial of the extent of the conflict between capitalism and the climate remains pervasive. Such views were subjected to a strong refutation by Enno Schröder and Servaas Storm in a November 2018 paper entitled "Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions: The Road to 'Hothouse Earth' Is Paved With Good Intentions."
Two English Chemists/Authors/Teachers: John Read and James Riddick Partington
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
John Read and James Partington were both prominent and highly respected academics, chemists, authors and teachers during the middle decades of the 20th century. Their books were widely read throughout this period and played a major role in educating and raising the awareness of chemistry among young people and adults. Today their names are forgotten. The aim of the present article is to re-establish these two remarkable men and to bring them to the forefront of educational programs. An outline is given of their careers as chemists, set against the background of the times they lived in, giving an emphasis to their formidable literary output. Although they had widely contrasting personalities, and were specialists in three different fields of chemistry, Read: organic, Partington: physical and inorganic, they both recognized the great importance of setting chemistry in an historical context. Accordingly, they both wrote many works on the origins and development of chemistry and included much historical material in their textbooks. This added not only a great interest to the subject, but also set it in a broader cultural context, which is so clearly lacking in today’s chemistry teaching programs. A chronological list of their books is given and short contrasting fragments from four of them are analysed. Not only are these books of great interest, but they serve as an outstanding foundation for teaching the principles of chemistry today. A recommendation is made to incorporate one work of each author as compulsory reading material for students today, and in future years.
Assessing of Scientific Inquiry Skills Achieved by Future Biology Teachers
Authors: Čipková Elena , Karolčík Štefan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A successful application of scientific research in science education requires adequate professional training of teachers. The study presents the results of research focused on the level of scientific inquiry skills of future biology teachers. The results showed that students with a success rate of over 80 % solved tasks focused on applying numerical methods, determining relationships between variables and evaluating the uses and misuses of scientific information with a more than 80 % success rate. On the other side, the students had considerable problems associated with planning and implementing of the experiment. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in the level of scientific inquiry skills between students who study biology teaching in combination with other science subject, and students who study biology teaching in combination with a non-science subject.
Propylene Oxide Polymerization in the Presence of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Dan Olena , Butenko Eleonora , Kapustin Alexey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Propylene oxide polymerization in the presence of layered double hydroxides with different concentration of basic sites on their surface has been studied. It is shown that the polymerization can be catalyzed by both basic and acidic sites. On the basis of kinetic experiments the mechanisms of reaction undergoing were proposed.
Social Transformation of Gender Role in the Area of Sebangau National Park
Authors: Nurleni Evi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aims to describe the role of reproductive, productive and community working of the society of KerengBangkirai and to know the requirement of woman practice and strategic needs in KerengBangkirai. It used qualitative approach with humans as study object. The object of study is the KerengBangkirai society. The result showed that the role of reproductive role became women’s responsibility, either wife/mother or daughter. The role of gender within the community showed the lack of access and women’s control in making important decision. In fact, women are usually missed from village officers’ attention. The women’s practical needs include skills of using fishing gear, child care provider, child room building and others. Then, women’s strategic needs include authority alteration in term of decision-making involvement, equalling job division in domestic sector, women’s involvement in paid toilets as their productive workspace, violence awareness of gender-based and achieving fair access and control.
In-situ U–Th–Pb geochronometry with submicron-scale resolution: low-voltage electron-beam dating of complexly zoned polygenetic uraninite microcrystals
Authors: Waitzinger Michael , Finger Fritz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Complexly zoned microcrystals of uraninite were encountered in orthogneiss from the central Tauern Window in Austria (K1 gneiss, Felbertal scheelite mine) and analysed in-situ for U, Th and Pb with state-of-the-art FE-SEM/EDX techniques. A three times finer spatial resolution was achieved using an acceleration voltage of 8 kV, compared to the classic 15–20 kV set-up of U–Th–total Pb electron microprobe dating. The lower voltage allows a spheroid of material with a diameter of only 0.3 µm to be selectively analysed. Careful tests on three uraninite reference materials show that the low-voltage method yields sufficient precision and accuracy for U–Th–total Pb uraninite dating, with errors on individual spot ages in the order of 10–30 Ma. By means of this innovative analysis technique, small-scale age zoning patterns could be resolved and dated in the uraninite microcrystals from the orthogneiss. Based on microstructures observed in backscattered electron images we interpret that an older uraninite generation in the rock, with a late Permian formation age (~260 Ma), was recycled two times through a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation process at ~210 Ma and at ~30 Ma. The younger dissolution–reprecipitation phase at ~30 Ma coincides with the Alpine regional metamorphism (lower amphibolite facies). The two older ages (~210 Ma and ~260 Ma) have been previously recognized in rocks from the Tauern Window by uraninite dating, but it is the first time here that both are recorded in the same rock and even the same uraninite grain. The present study shows that recrystallized accessory uraninite can provide a sensitive geological “hard disk” where several discrete thermal events of an area are stored. In addition, our work attests that the mineral uraninite has an unexpected geochronological robustness, even on the microcrystal scale.
The Status of Northern Ireland after Brexit: Probable Models
Authors: Rudko Serhii 
Published: January 2019

The article highlights one of the main issues related to the UK's withdrawal from the European Union, Northern Ireland’s new status, in particular, the status of the border between NI and the Republic of Ireland. It has been an ‘apple of discord’ from the first stage and during the last stage of the Brexit negotiations. The future ‘hard’ or ‘soft’ Irish-British border is not a problem in the negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union only, but is also a serious domestic political challenge for Theresa May’s government. The article explains possible models of the future status of Northern Ireland. The most probable solutions are: a ‘reverse Greenland’, a ‘reverse Cyprus’ and a ‘German version’.
Following the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, the EU invested heavily in supporting border communities for the development of small business and industry, which improved the economic situation in the area of the former conflict and facilitated border dialogue. However, it led to the fact that many enterprises were oriented towards the EU market or border trade. The article concludes that the ‘reverse Greenland’ model would enable Northern Ireland to remain in the single market and customs union apart from the rest of Great Britain, which would prevent the establishment of a tight boundary between both Irelands. The author outlined the possible implications of the ‘reverse Cyprus’ model, which suggests that the United Kingdom would technically remain a part of the EU, and that the EU’s legislation would be suspended only on its separate parts (that is, Wales and England). The researcher emphasizes that the ‘German version’ could be applied in the case of future reunification of both Irelands, then Northern Ireland would remain a part of the EU until its new status on the referendum have been resolved.
The article summarized that no examples above provide a precise analogy, since Brexit is unprecedented event. The most likely models of the Northern Ireland’s future are the ‘reverse Greenland’ and the ‘reverse Cyprus’
Estimation of thermal conductivity of snow by its density and hardness in Svalbard
Authors: Kotlyakov V. M. , Sosnovsky A. V. , Osokin N. I. 
Published: January 2019

The results of experimental investigation of thermal conductivity of snow on the Svalbard archipelago in the conditions of natural occurrence are considered. The observations were carried out in the spring of 2013–2015 in the vicinity of the meteorological station «Barentsburg». The obtained data were processed using the Fourier equation of thermal conductivity that allowed determination of the coefficient t of thermal conductivity of the snow with different structure and density. The thermal conductivity of snow depends on the contacts between ice crystals. The larger the contact area, the better the heat transfer from one layer to another. But the strength characteristics of snow, and especially its hardness, depend on the bonds between ice crystals, so the thermal conductivity and hardness of snow depend on the structure of snow. Note, that measurements of snow hardness are less laborious than measurements of its thermal conductivity. For layers of snow cover of different hardness the relationship between snow thermal conductivity and its density has been established. To verify the reliability of the approach to the determination of snow thermal conductivity, numerical experiments were performed on a mathematical model, which did show good convergence of the results. The obtained formulas for the coefficient of thermal conductivity of very loose, loose, medium and hard snow (according to the international classification of seasonal snow falls) are compared with the data of other studies. It was found that when the snow density is within the range 0.15–0.40 g/cm3 these formulas cover the main variety of thermal conductivity of snow. This allows estimating the coefficient of thermal conductivity and to determine the thermal resistance of snow cover in the field by measuring the density and hardness of different layers of snow.
Jokūbo Jasinskio socialinės ir politinės pažiūros
Authors: Vansevičius Stasys 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje pristatoma Jokūbo Jasinskio visuomeninė politinė veikla ir pažiūros. J. Jasinskis buvo XVIII a. pabaigos nacionalinio išsivaduojamojo judėjimo Lietuvoje organizatorius ir vadovas. Pritarė teroristinių priemonių taikymui tėvynės išdavikams. Savo atsišaukimuose jis kvietė pamiršti klasinius skirtumus ir ginti tėvynę, žadėdamas visuotinę laisvę ir lygiateisiškumą, nors tai ir neįtikino valstiečių masiškai dalyvauti sukilime. J. Jasinskis buvo savarankiškos, nepriklausomos nuo Lenkijos Lietuvos respublikos šalininkas. Savo radikaliomis pažiūromis ir pasisakymais jis sukėlė lenkų bajorų priešiškumą ir buvo pašalintas iš lietuvių sukilėlių kariuomenės vyriausiojo vado pareigų. Kai sukilimas 1794 m. buvo numalšintas, J. Jasinskis nuvyko į Varšuvą ir įstojo į „Revoliucijos ir Krokuvos akto palaikymo organizaciją“. Aiškino, kad sukilimą pražudė neryžtingi jo vadovybės sprendimai ir šlėktų reakciniai sluoksniai.