bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalysis Concepts in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Alonso‐de Castro Silvia , Terenzi Alessio , Gurruchaga‐Pereda Juan , Salassa Luca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalysis has strongly emerged in the field of medicinal inorganic chemistry as a suitable tool to deliver new drug candidates and to overcome drawbacks associated to metallodrugs. In this Concept article, we discuss representative examples of how catalysis has been applied in combination with metal complexes to deliver new therapy approaches. In particular, we explain key achievements in the design of catalytic metallodrugs that damage biomolecular targets and in the development of metal catalysis schemes for the activation of exogenous organic prodrugs. Moreover, we discuss our recent discoveries on the flavin‐mediated bioorthogonal catalytic activation of metal‐based prodrugs; a new catalysis strategy in which metal complexes are unconventionally employed as substrates rather than catalysts.
Modelling hierarchical clustered censored data with the hierarchical Kendall copula
Authors: Su Chien‐Lin , Nešlehová Johanna G. , Wang Weijing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a new model for right‐censored survival data with multi‐level clustering based on the hierarchical Kendall copula model of Brechmann (2014) with Archimedean clusters. This model accommodates clusters of unequal size and multiple clustering levels, without imposing any structural conditions on the parameters or on the copulas used at various levels of the hierarchy. A step‐wise estimation procedure is proposed and shown to yield consistent and asymptotically Gaussian estimates under mild regularity conditions. The model fitting is based on multiple imputation, given that the censoring rate increases with the level of the hierarchy. To check the model assumption of Archimedean dependence, a goodness‐of test is developed. The finite‐sample performance of the proposed estimators and of the goodness‐of‐fit test is investigated through simulations. The new model is applied to data from the study of chronic granulomatous disease. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 182–203; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Are we listening to everything the PARK genes are telling us?
Authors: Benson Deanna L. , Huntley George W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe cardinal motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease (PD) clinically have been recognized for over 200 years. That these symptoms arise following the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra has been known for the last 50. These long‐established facts have fueled a broadly held expectation that degenerating dopaminergic neurons alone hold the key to understanding and curing PD. This prevalent expectation is at odds with the observation that many nonmotor symptoms, including depression and cognitive inflexibility among others, can appear years earlier than the overt dopaminergic neuron degeneration that drives motor abnormalities and are not improved by levodopa treatment. Thus, preserving or rescuing dopamine neuron health and function is of paramount importance, but this alone fails to capture the underlying neurobiology of earlier‐appearing nonmotor symptoms. Insight into the complete landscape of disease‐related abnormalities and the context in which they arise can be gleaned from a more comprehensive consideration of the PARK genes that are known to cause PD. Here, we make the case that a full incorporation of research showing when and where PARK genes are expressed as well as the impact of gene mutation on function throughout life, in tandem with research studying how dopaminergic neuron degeneration begins, is essential for a full understanding of the multi‐dimensional etiology of PD. A broad view may also reveal something about long‐term adjustments cells and systems make in response to gene mutation and help to identify mechanisms conferring the resilience or susceptibility of some cells and systems over others.
Anticonvulsant evaluation and docking analysis of VV‐Hemorphin‐5 analogues
Authors: Todorov Petar , Rangelov Miroslav , Peneva Petia , Todorova Nadezhda , Tchekalarova Jana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVV‐Hemorphin‐5 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the Hemorphin family with affinity at opioid receptors. A series of C‐amide analogues have been synthesized, based on the structure of VV‐Hemorphin‐5, modified at position 1 and 7 by the un/natural amino acids (Aa8‐Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro‐Trp‐Thr‐Gln‐NH2 and Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro‐Trp‐Thr‐Aa1‐NH2) using SPPS, Fmoc‐chemistry. The peptide derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in three acute seizure tests in male ICR mice, the maximal electroshock (MES), the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test, and the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) infusion test. Their neurotoxicity was assessed in the rotarod test. Among the tested peptide analogues, V4 showed anticonvulsant activity in the three seizure tests that was comparable to the VV‐Hemorphin‐5 (V1) used as a positive control. While V5, V6, and V7 peptide derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the MES and 6 Hz test, they were inactive (V7) or showed pro‐convulsant effect (V5 and V6) in the i.v. PTZ test. At a dose of 10 μg/mouse the peptide V2 was effective against clonic seizures induced by PTZ. Motor coordination was not affected by newly developed analogues of VV‐Hemorphin‐5. Docking study results suggest that kappa opioid receptor binding could be the mechanism of action of peptide derivatives with anticonvulsant activity. The results suggest that incorporation of nonproteinogenic and/or natural amino acids at position 1 and 7 of the VV‐Hemorphin‐5 scaffold deserve further evaluation in models of epilepsy and derivatization.
Drought‐mediated extinction of an arid‐land amphibian: insights from a spatially explicit dynamic occupancy model
Authors: Zylstra Erin R. , Swann Don E. , Hossack Blake R. , Muths Erin , Steidl Robert J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how natural and anthropogenic processes affect population dynamics of species with patchy distributions is critical to predicting their responses to environmental changes. Despite considerable evidence that demographic rates and dispersal patterns vary temporally in response to an array of biotic and abiotic processes, few applications of metapopulation theory have sought to explore factors that explain spatiotemporal variation in extinction or colonization rates. To facilitate exploring these factors, we extended a spatially explicit model of metapopulation dynamics to create a framework that requires only binary presence–absence data, makes few assumptions about the dispersal process, and accounts for imperfect detection. We apply this framework to 22 yr of biannual survey data for lowland leopard frogs,Lithobates yavapaiensis, an amphibian that inhabits arid stream systems in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for factors that govern temporal variation in transition probabilities, as both extinction and colonization rates varied with hydrologic conditions. Specifically, local extinctions were more frequent during drought periods, particularly at sites without reliable surface water. Colonization rates increased when larval and dispersal periods were wetter than normal, which increased the probability that potential emigrants metamorphosed and reached neighboring sites. Extirpation of frogs from all sites in one watershed during a period of severe drought demonstrated the influence of site‐level features, as frogs persisted only in areas where most sites held water consistently and where the amount of sediment deposited from high‐elevation wildfires was low. Application of our model provided novel insights into how climate‐related processes affected the distribution and population dynamics of an arid‐land amphibian. The approach we describe has application to a wide array of species that inhabit patchy environments, can improve our understanding of factors that govern metapopulation dynamics, and can inform strategies for conservation of imperiled species.
Symbiont‐mediated chemical defense in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Schmidtberg Henrike , Shukla Shantanu P. , Halitschke Rayko , Vogel Heiko , Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe volatile alkylpyrazines methyl‐ and methoxypyrazines (MPs) present in the reflex bleeds of coccinellid beetles such as the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis are important semiochemicals that function in antipredatory defense behavior. Pyrazines have also been coadapted from a primarily defensive role into pheromones that function in intraspecific communication, attraction, and aggregation behavior. However, the biosynthesis of MPs in ladybird beetles is poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MPs could be produced by microbial symbionts in H. axyridis, which generates four different MPs. The evaluation of tissue‐specific MP production showed that MP concentrations were highest in the gut tissue and hemolymph of the beetles rather than the fat body tissue as the presumed site of MP biosynthesis. Furthermore, manipulation of gut microbiota by antibiotic‐containing diets resulted in a lower MP content in adult beetles. The analysis of the bacterial community of the digestive tract revealed the presence of bacteria of the genera Serratia and Lactococcus which are reportedly able to produce MPs. In line with the known diet‐dependent production of MP in H. axyridis, we determined that the presence or relative abundance of some of the potential MP producers (Enterococcus and Staphylococcus) is also diet‐dependent. We hypothesize a potential role of the microbiota in MP production in H. axyridis as a possible example for outsourcing the synthesis of ecologically important semiochemicals to its gut bacteria.
Joint knowledge production for improved climate services: Insights from the Swedish forestry sector
Authors: Gerger Swartling Åsa , Tenggren Sandra , André Karin , Olsson Olle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractScience‐stakeholder collaboration is becoming an increasingly common way to address mismatches between the knowledge needs of stakeholders and the research being done by scientists. This kind of mismatch is clearly evident in the field of climate change adaptation, arguing for the design and application of user‐ and decision‐driven, coproduced climate services. Science‐based participatory processes have shown clear benefits in establishing arenas for joint knowledge production on climate change and adaptation. However, multiple challenges remain. This paper presents and discusses findings from an assessment of a participatory climate services process conducted as part of a research program on climate change adaptation in the Swedish forestry sector. We identify enablers and barriers to successful science‐stakeholder collaboration and put forward recommendations for more stakeholder‐driven, participatory coproduction processes. Our analysis offers insights that could help achieve more informed decision‐making and policy development and ultimately climate action under the Paris Agreement.
Size‐dependent electrophoretic migration and separation of water‐soluble gold nanoclusters by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wan Ting , Tang Fenglin , Yin Yanru , Zhang Maoxue , Choi Martin M. F. , Yang Xiupei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecently, water‐soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have attracted more and more attention due to their unique properties. In this study, penicillamine‐protected gold nanoclusters (Pen‐AuNCs) were synthesized and initially fractionated by sequential size‐selective precipitation (SSSP). The crude Pen‐AuNCs and SSSP fractions were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with a diode array detector. The effects of key parameters, including the concentration of phosphate buffer, pH value and the ethanol content were systematically investigated. The separation of water‐soluble poly‐disperse AuNCs were well achieved at 30 mM phosphate buffer with 7.5% EtOH, pH 12.0, and applied voltage of 15 kV. The linear correlation between AuNCs diameter and mobility was observed. This finding provides an important reference for CE separation and product purification of water‐soluble AuNCs or other nanomaterials.
Is China facing the social risks associated with reliance on hospitalization for the care of the elderly with chronic diseases?
Authors: Dai Weidong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis study aims to investigate if China is facing the social risks associated with reliance on hospitalization for the care of the elderly with chronic diseases. Textual studies and big data analysis indicate the following outcomes: (1) The elderly population suffering from chronic diseases is expanding rapidly, while the prevalence rate also shows a growing trend; (2) the reliance on hospitalization for the care of the elderly patients exists and has caused three new social risks; and (3) these social risks are wasted health resources, poverty between individuals and families, and relative increase in the disability rate of the elderly after hospital admission. We conclude that effectively defusing the risks entails strengthening the management of chronic diseases related to communal public health, initiating the concept of “continuity of care” to pursue an active combination of medical and health care, hastening the implementation of long‐term care insurance (LTCI) and other policy measures.
Rill flow resistance law under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Nicosia Alessio , Pampalone Vincenzo , Palmeri Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions in a rill. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution. Then, the following steps were carried out for developing the analysis: (a) a relationship (Equation ) between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope, and the Froude number was calibrated by the available measurements by Jiang et al.; (b) a relationship (Equation ) between the Γ function, the rill slope, the Shields number, and the Froude number was calibrated by the same measurements; and (c) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor values measured by Jiang et al. were compared with those calculated by the rill flow resistance equation with Γ estimated by Equations and . This last comparison demonstrated that the rill flow resistance equation, in which slope and Shields number, representative of sediment transport effects, are introduced, is characterized by the lowest values of the estimate errors.
Vitamin E: Regulatory Redox Interactions
Authors: Miyazawa Taiki , Burdeos Gregor C. , Itaya Mayuko , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVitamin E is an essential nutrient that was discovered in the 1920s. Many of the physiological functions of vitamin E, including its antioxidative effects, have been studied for nearly 100 years. Changes in redox balance induced by both endogenously and exogenously generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various diseases, and are also a phenomenon that is considered essential for survival. Vitamin E is known to regulate redox balance in the body due to its high concentration among the lipid soluble vitamin groups, and exists ubiquitously in the whole body, including cell membranes and lipoproteins. However, it has been reported that the beneficial properties of vitamin E, including its antioxidative effects, are only displayed in vitro, and not in vivo. Therefore, there exists an ongoing debate regarding the biological functions of vitamin E and its relationship with redox balance. In this review, we introduce the relationship between vitamin E and redox interactions with (i) absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of vitamin E, (ii) oxidative stress and ROS in the body, (iii) mechanism of antioxidative effects, (iv) non‐antioxidant functions of vitamin E, and (v) recent recognition of the field of oxidative stress research. Understanding the recent findings of the redox interaction of vitamin E may help to elucidate the different antioxidative phenomena observed for vitamin E in vitro and in vivo. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):430–441, 2019
Optimization of thermal pre‐flocculation treatment for effective air flotation harvesting of microalgae
Authors: Xue Yating , Li Yanpeng , Zou Xiaotong , Xu Kaiwei , Wen Hao , Zhang Bingqing , Li Ruobing , Shao Peilong , Fu Boming , Gong Yuchen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of microalgal biomass as a potential biofuel source is limited by expensive harvesting costs. However, air flotation has been applied as an effective method for harvesting microalgal cells from diluted liquid suspensions. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus harvesting experiments were performed with thermal pretreatment prior to air flotation.RESULTSAn orthogonal test showed that the harvesting efficiency was affected by the heating temperature and pH but not by the microalgal concentration or stirring rate. Under a heating temperature of 90 °C and pH 3, the optimal heat‐aided air flotation efficiency achieved for harvesting C. vulgaris was 26.5%, with a concentration factor of 5.5. For harvesting S. obliquus, the optimal harvesting efficiency was 93.6% and the concentration factor was 25.0 under a heating temperature of 70 °C and pH 3.CONCLUSIONHigh temperature and low pH increased the zeta potential value of the microalgal cell surface, and high temperature promoted the secretion of extracellular organic matter, causing microalgal cells to gather and form flocs. The smaller flocs and higher zeta potential value of S. obliquus led to its higher harvesting efficiency. These conditions provided the possibility of waste acidic gas and thermal energy from industries replacing flocculants for the harvesting process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolated partial right lower lobe pulmonary venous drainage into the right atrium as a cause of pulmonary hypertension in a middle‐aged woman
Authors: Ghaemian Ali , Nabati Maryam , Dabirian Mozhdeh , Shokri Mojtaba 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPartial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare congenital disease characterized by drainage of one or several pulmonary veins into the systemic venous system. It is extremely rare as an isolated anomaly. We report the case of a middle‐aged woman with isolated drainage of an enormously enlarged right lower pulmonary vein into the right atrium with significant left‐to‐right shunt, severe right ventricular enlargement, and pulmonary hypertension.
Cases from the Undiagnosed Diseases Network: The continued value of counseling skills in a new genomic era
Authors: Macnamara Ellen F. , Schoch Kelly , Glanton Emily , Fieg Elizabeth , Brokamp Elly ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Signer Rebecca , LeBlanc Kimberly , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Palmer Christina G.S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe “diagnostic odyssey” is well known and described in genetic counseling literature. Studies addressing the psychological, emotional, and financial costs of not having a diagnosis have shown how it permeates the lives of patients and families. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network aims to end this odyssey by providing diagnoses to individuals with undiagnosed conditions through multidisciplinary evaluations, whole exome and genome sequencing, and basic science research. It also provides an opportunity to learn from patients and families and to better understand their journeys and the impact of receiving a diagnosis. Seven cases are presented that outline challenges that come from working with chronically undiagnosed and newly diagnosed patients in a time when sequencing for clinical diagnosis is rapidly increasing. They illuminate the emotional journey of patients and families searching for a diagnosis and the mental health problems, financial distress, and chaos that can accompany not having answers. They also illustrate the surprising reactions patients and families can have to receiving a diagnosis, including anger, grief, and disappointment. While the lessons learned from these families are not novel, new strategies are presented for handling these challenges in undiagnosed and ultra‐rare populations, groups that will increase with the rise of clinical sequencing.
Establishment of sandwich ELISA for detecting the H7 subtype influenza A virus
Authors: Chen Lingling , Ruan Feier , Sun Ying , Chen Haiying , Liu Mingbin , Zhou Jianfang , Qin Kun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAvian H7N9 subtype influenza virus infects human with high case‐fatality rate since it emerged in 2013. Although the vaccination has been rapidly used in poultry due to the emergence of highly pathogenic strain, this virus remains prevalent in this region. Thus, rapid diagnosis both in poultry and human clinic is critically important for the control and prevention of H7N9 infection. In this study, a batch of H7 subtype‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed and a pair of mAb, 2B6, and 5E9 were used to establish a double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify H7 protein and detect influenza A virus baring H7 subtype HA. The lowest detection limit for the recombinant H7 protein was 10 ng/mL and 0.5 HAU/50 μL of A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016(H7N9), 2 HAU/50 μL of A/Netherlands/219/2003(H7N7) and A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) for live virus, respectively. The ELISA could not only detect the prevailing H7N9 virus, but also antigenic drift H7 subtype viruses, showing excellent sensitivity and high specificity. Hence, it could serve as a valuable approach to diagnose H7 subtype virus which showed great potential to cause pandemic, as well as antigen quantification.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) as affected by cooking and in vitro digestion
Authors: Wang Qi , Shao Hongjun , Zhang Zhong , Yan Shuaishuai , Huang Feng , Zhang Hong , Yang Xinbing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is an underutilized pseudocereal bearing edible seeds. In this study, the phenolics and antioxidant activity of sand rice seeds after cooking and in vitro digestion were extensively investigated.RESULTSTotal phenolic content (TPC) of the sand rice seeds was slightly increased whereas total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased after boiling. Furthermore, nine compounds were detected in the uncooked seeds, with hyperoside (169.19 ± 6.59 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)), protocatechuic acid (167.46 ± 7.21 µg g−1 DW), and rutin (83.15 ± 3.26 µg g−1 DW) as the major components. Apart from the bioaccessible phenolics in the aqueous fraction, these compounds retained in the solid residue of the porridge were released to varying degrees during simulated digestion. In addition, these phenolic extracts also exerted considerable antioxidant potency, which was positively correlated with their corresponding TPC, TFC, and phenolic profiles.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that both boiling and in vitro digestive treatments could considerably enhance the release of bioactive compounds and thus contribute antioxidant properties to sand rice porridge. These findings suggest that sand rice seed is a potential functional food and an excellent natural antioxidant source. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry