bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspheric Intraocular Lens Selection Based on Corneal Wavefront
Authors: Packer Mark , Fine I. Howard , Hoffman Richard S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To determine the feasibility of selectively targeting zero total postoperative spherical aberration by selecting the best fit aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) based on preoperative topographically derived corneal spherical aberration.

Methods:
Candidates for cataract surgery were offered selection of aspheric IOLs based on corneal spherical aberration. The target postoperative total wavefront spherical aberration Z4,0 was set at zero. Corneal topographic spherical aberration Z4,0 was measured at the 6-mm optical zone, and one of three aspheric IOLs was chosen so the arithmetic sum of the corneal spherical aberration and pseudophakic spherical aberration came closest to zero. Postoperatively, total ocular wavefront was measured and statistical analysis performed to ascertain the accuracy of customized aspheric IOL selection.

Results:

Thirty eyes of 18 patients were available for analysis. The SofPort Advanced Optics (Bausch & Lomb) lens was implanted in 1 eye, the AcrySof IQ (Alcon Laboratories Inc) in 11 eyes, and the Tecnis Z9000 or Z9002 (Advanced Medical Optics [AMO]) in 18 eyes. Total postoperative ocular spherical aberration for the entire population measured −0.013±0.072 µm (SofPort: +0.025 µm; AcrySof IQ: +0.010±0.053 µm; and Tecnis: −0.015±0.052 µm [
P
=.22]). For the entire population, mean absolute predictive error measured 0.058±0.056 µm (SofPort: 0.040 µm; AcrySof IQ: 0.052±0.040 µm; and Tecnis: 0.063±0.066 µm [
P
=.63]).

Conclusions:

Customized selection of aspheric IOLs based on corneal wavefront is feasible and produces favorable results compared with studies of unselected patient populations implanted with aspheric IOLs. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:12–20.]
Induced Astigmatism With 2.2- and 3.0-mm Coaxial Phacoemulsification Incisions
Authors: Masket Samuel , Wang Li , Belani Shaleen 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the difference between 2.2-mm incision micro-coaxial phacoemulsification and traditional 3.0-mm coaxial phacoemulsification with respect to surgically induced astigmatism after temporally oriented clear corneal incision cataract surgery.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, intra-patient controlled study comprised 22 patients who underwent clear corneal cataract surgery in both eyes. One eye received 2.2-mm incision micro-coaxial phacoemulsifi-cation with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and the fellow eye received traditional 3.0-mm coaxial incision phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. The 2.2-mm incisions were created with a diamond keratome after a 200-µm groove was constructed in clear cornea at the temporal limbus. The 3.0-mm incisions were created without a pre-cut groove, using a metal keratome. All cases were uncomplicated. Pre- and postoperative keratometric astigmatism at 6 weeks was measured using a hand held Nikon Retinomax K-plus 2 Autorefractor. Three methods were used to analyze the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) data: 1) algebraic analysis of the magnitude of keratometric astigmatism induced by the surgery, 2) magnitude of SIA by vector analysis, and 3) aggregate analysis of astigmatism using vector analysis.

Results:

The mean change in the magnitude of keratometric astigmatism was 0.10±0.08 diopters (D) with the 2.2-mm micro-coaxial incisions and 0.32±0.20 D with the 3.0-mm traditional incisions (
P
=.0002). Using vector analysis, the mean magnitude of SIA was 0.35±0.21 D with the 2.2-mm incisions and 0.67±0.48 D (
P
=.006) with the 3.0-mm incisions.

Conclusions:
Surgically induced astigmatism with 2.2-mm micro-coaxial incisions and traditional 3.0-mm clear corneal incisions with intra-patient control resulted in statistically and clinically significant reduction in surgically induced astigmatism with the smaller incision size.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:21–24.]
Thin LASIK Flap Creation Using the SCHWIND Carriazo-Pendular Microkeratome
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Tsiklis Nikolaos S. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Pallikaris Ioannis G. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To study the outcomes of LASIK after intended thin flap creation using the SCHWIND Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome with the 90-µm head.

Methods:
Forty-seven eyes of 26 patients (mean age 28.78±6.98 years) underwent LASIK with a superior hinge flap using the 90-µm head of the SCHWIND Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome. Evaluation included flap parameters (thickness, diameter, hinge size), complications, and visual outcome.

Results:
No intraoperative or early postoperative complications were observed. The mean flap thickness was 79.88±6.94 µm (range: 70 to 93 µm). Mean flap diameter was 9.25±0.45 mm (range: 8.5 to 11 mm) whereas mean hinge size was 4.63±0.66 mm (range: 3 to 6.5 mm). No eye lost lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and all eyes were emmetropic within one diopter postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The SCHWIND Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome with the 90-µm head seems to have increased accuracy in intended creation of thin flaps. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:33–36.]
Variability of Higher Order Wavefront Aberrations After Blinks
Authors: Hagyó Krisztina , Csákány Béla , Németh Zsolt Lang; János 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the rapid alterations in value and fluctuation of ocular wavefront aberrations during the interblink interval.

Methods:
Forty-two volunteers were examined with a WASCA Wavefront Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) using modified software. For each subject, 150 images (about 6 frames/second) were registered during an inter-blink period. The outcome measures were spherical and cylindrical refraction and root-mean-square (RMS) values for spherical, coma, and total higher order aberrations. Fifth order polynomials were fitted to the data and the fluctuation trends of the parameters were determined. We calculated the prevalence of the trends with an early local minimum (type 1). The tear production status (Schirmer test) and tear film break-up time (BUT) were also measured.

Results:

Fluctuation trends with an early minimum (type 1) were significantly more frequent than trends with an early local maximum (type 2) for total higher order aberrations RMS (
P
=.036). The incidence of type 1 fluctuation trends was significantly greater for coma and total higher order aberrations RMS (
P
=.041 and
P
=.003, respectively) in subjects with normal results in the BUT or Schirmer test than in those with abnormal results. In the normal subjects, the first minimum of type 1 RMS fluctuation trends occurred, on average, between 3.8 and 5.1 seconds after blink.

Conclusions:

We suggest that wavefront aberrations can be measured most accurately at the time after blink when they exhibit a decreased degree of dispersion. We recommend that a snapshot of wavefront measurements be made 3 to 5 seconds after blink. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:59–68.]
Endothelial Decompensation Following Epithelial LASIK With Loss of Epithelial Flap
Authors: Kaushal Sameer , Prakash Gaurav , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To report a case that showed endothelial decompensation after epithelial LASIK (epi-LASIK).

Methods:

A 23-year-old woman underwent epi-LASIK surgery to correct refractive error of −4.00 −3.00 × 165° in the right eye and −2.50 −2.00 × 15° in the left eye. Preoperatively, the specular count was 2896 cells/mm
2
in the right eye and 3046 cells/mm
2
in the left eye. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was 490 µm and 493 µm in the right and left eyes, respectively.

Results:

Examination on the first postoperative day revealed diffuse corneal edema with radiating Descemet's folds in the right eye with best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/80. Central corneal thickness was 493 µm and 373 µm in the right and left eyes, respectively, 1 week after surgery. Corneal edema resolved over a period of 3 weeks with healing of the epithelial defect. Endothelial cell count 3 weeks after surgery was 1310 cells/mm
2
in the right eye.

Conclusions:

Epi-LASIK can cause significant endothelial cell loss with development of corneal edema. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:74–76.]
Assessing Visual Quality With the Point Spread Function Using the NIDEK OPD-Scan II
Authors: Ligabue Edoardo A. , Giordano Cristina 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To present the use of the point spread function (PSF) metric pre- and postoperatively for the assessment of visual quality in cataract and refractive surgery.

Methods:
Case examples of cataract and refractive surgery and the effect of accommodation are presented. All PSF measurements were obtained using the NIDEK OPD-Scan II, and corneal internal and total aberrations were simulated using the NIDEK OPD-Station software. All eyes underwent corneal topography, wavefront aberrometry, autorefraction, keratometry, and pupillometry measurements pre- and postoperatively using the OPDScan II. The PSF was used to assess visual quality.

Results:
Four case examples including refractive surgery, aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, toric IOL implantation, and the difference in PSF due to accommodation are presented.

Conclusions:

The PSF in refractive and cataract surgery is a clinically valuable metric to evaluate the patient's visual quality pre- and postoperatively. The OPD-Scan II can measure the effect of accommodation and distant fixation providing an assessment of changes in visual quality. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S104–S109.]
A New Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Mode Using the NIDEK CXIII Excimer Laser
Authors: Buzzonetti Luca , Petrocelli Gianni , Laborante Antonio , Mazzilli Emilio , Gaspari Mario , Valente Paola , Francia Elisa 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate epithelial healing, postoperative pain, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) performed with a new phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) mode using the NIDEK CXIII excimer laser.

Methods:
Fifteen eyes from 10 patients with myopia underwent transepithelial PRK using a multistage program to perform PTK followed by PRK. The PTK incorporated Flex Scan, which accounts for the loss of radial ablation efficiency on the peripheral cornea. The epithelium was removed with the excimer laser by monitoring the disappearance of blue fluorescence during the ablation. Epithelial healing was evaluated by taking slit-lamp photographs every 24 hours until complete reepithelialization. Postoperative pain was measured according to the Faces Pain Rating Scale. All outcomes are reported for 3 months postoperatively. Haze was graded by two ophthalmologists, each masked to the other's result.

Results:
Mean reepithelialization took 3.50±0.85 days, mean pain score was 3.00±1.20, and BSCVA was 20/20 for 9 eyes, 20/30 for 3 eyes, and 20/40 for 3 eyes. All patients had haze below grade 2.

Conclusions:

The outcomes of the preliminary study show that the incorporation of the Flex Scan algorithm in the PTK mode is as safe and effective as conventional PTK algorithms. The primary advantage of this new PTK mode may be more consistent epithelial removal. Additional studies are needed to determine long-term outcomes. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S122–S124.]
The Pseudoaccommodative Cornea Multifocal Ablation With a Center-distance Pattern: A Review
Authors: Telandro Alain 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To describe an excimer laser ablation architecture called the pseudoaccommodative cornea (PAC) that uses ocular aberrometry and aspheric ablation profiles to create a multifocal cornea.

Methods:
A descriptive article outlining the theory of the PAC algorithm.

Results:
The topographic changes induced by PAC produce corneal multifocality.

Conclusions:

PAC-treated eyes have progressive concentric rings of center-distance and midperipheral-near power that enable functional vision at near, intermediate, and distance. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S156–S159.]
Correlation of Anterior Chamber Angle and Ciliary Sulcus Diameters With White-to-White Corneal Diameter in High Myopes Using Artemis VHF Digital Ultrasound
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Silverman Ronald H. , Rondeau Mark J. , Coleman D. Jackson 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To determine whether horizontal angle diameter and sulcus diameter can be accurately estimated by conventional external measurements in high myopic eyes.

Methods:
Ten horizontal anterior segment scans were obtained with the Artemis 1 very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound arc-scanner in 40 eyes of 20 patients. Angle and sulcus diameters were measured and descriptive statistics and within-eye repeatability were calculated. Linear regression was performed between each permutation of white-to-white, angle diameter, and sulcus diameter. Multivariate regression also included anterior chamber depth (ACD), age, manifest refraction, keratometry, and central corneal thickness (CCT). The standard deviation and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the residuals were calculated.

Results:

The population mean ±standard deviation (95% CI) was 12.88±0.42 mm [12.74, 13.02] for angle diameter and 12.85±0.69 mm [12.63, 13.07] for sulcus diameter. Within-eye repeatability was 0.13 mm for angle diameter and 0.23 mm for sulcus diameter. A weak correlation was noted between white-to-white and angle diameter (r
2
=0.59) with a 95% Cl of ±0.53 mm. Multivariate regression found white-to-white, CCT, and minimum keratometry predicted angle diameter (r
2
=0.69) with a 95% Cl of ±0.46 mm. For predicting sulcus diameter, there were weak correlations between white-to-white (r
2
=0.32) with a 95% Cl of ±1.11 mm and angle diameter (r
2
=0.46) with a 95% Cl of ±0.99 mm. Multivariate regression found angle diameter and ACD predicted sulcus diameter (r
2
=0.57) with 95% Cl of ±0.88 mm.

Conclusions:

Regression modeling found weak correlations among all combinations of white-to-white, angle diameter, and sulcus diameter. Given the relative accuracy of direct measurement of angle and sulcus diameter compared to the potential accuracy of these regression equations, it appears that direct measurement would increase the safety of anterior and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens sizing. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:185–194.]
LASIK for Myopia of −9.00 to −17.00 D With the VISX STAR S2: 2- to 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Lindbohm Nina , Tuisku Ilpo S. , Tervo Timo M. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate long-term results of LASIK in the correction of high myopia.

Methods:
Preoperative and early postoperative data, including uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and refraction, were collected retrospectively from 77 eyes of 47 patients who underwent LASIK for myopia of at least −9.00 diopters (D) performed with the VISX STAR S2 excimer laser in our hospital from 1999 to 2003. An additional examination with a satisfaction query was performed 2 to 5 years postoperatively.

Results:
After 2- to 5-year follow-up, 40% of eyes has a spherical equivalent refraction within 1.00 D of the original intended refraction, 70% within 2.00 D, and 91% within 3.00 D. Only one eye lost two Snellen lines of visual acuity, whereas three eyes gained two lines and the remainder had no significant change. Regression was mild but significant in the long-term, with mean spherical equivalent refraction being −1.21 D at 1 month, −1.82 D at 6 months, and −1.95 D at 2 to 5 years. Stability was similar in a subgroup of eyes followed for at least 4 years. Nine eyes had mild postoperative complications, which resolved without permanent consequences. All patients, except one, were very satisfied with the results and would have chosen the surgery again.

Conclusions:

With careful patient selection and safety precautions, LASIK is a safe alternative with moderate stability but limited predictability in the treatment of myopia of −9.00 to −17.00 D. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:195–200.]
Topical Bromfenac 0.09% vs Ketorolac 0.4% for the Control of Pain, Photophobia, and Discomfort Following PRK
Authors: Sher Neal A. , Golben Mikhail P. , Bond William , Trattler William B. , Tauber Shachar , Voirin Terry G. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of two topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with regards to the control of pain, burning, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and epithelial healing rates in patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
Two hundred twelve eyes were randomized to receive topical postoperative ketorolac 0.4% four times daily (Acular LS, Allergan) or bromfenac 0.09% twice daily (Xibrom, ISTA Pharmaceuticals) in an open label trial. Patients having both eyes treated received ketorolac in one eye and bromfenac in the other. The epithelium was removed using the 8.4-mm Amoils brush (Innovative Excimer Solutions), and various laser beam platforms were permitted for the surgery. Investigated drugs were applied after a bandage contact lens (Acuvue Oasys, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care) was fitted. All patients received postoperative cold saline (balanced saline solution [BSS]), prednisolone acetate 1.0 % (Pred Forte, Allergan), gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% (Zymar, Allergan), and in some cases, mitomycin C 0.02% (MMC). Patients recorded postoperative results for pain, photophobia, burning, and foreign-body sensation on a visual linear analog scale. During postoperative follow-up, the corneal epithelial defect was measured.

Results:
Two hundred twelve eyes from 149 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these eyes, 105 received bromfenac and 107 received ketorolac. No significant differences were noted in postoperative pain, burning, foreign-body sensation, and photophobia between the two drug populations at any time during the study or overall. There were no drug-related adverse events or differences in epithelial healing rates for either drug.

Conclusions:

No significant differences were observed between the use of bromfenac (twice daily) and ketorolac (four times daily) with regard to postoperative PRK discomfort and safety when combined with postoperative measures such as cold BSS and a bandage contact lens. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:214–220.]
Effect of LASIK and Contact Lens Corneal Refractive Therapy on Higher Order Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity Function
Authors: Anera Rosario G. , Villa César , Jiménez José R. , Gutierrez Ramón 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
Corneal and total higher order eye aberrations and their effects on visual function were compared in two groups subjected to different emmetropization techniques—refractive surgery (LASIK) and corneal refractive therapy (CRT).

Methods:
Twenty eyes of 11 patients and 22 eyes of 13 patients were examined in the CRT and LASIK groups, respectively. Mesopic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was studied monocularly and binocularly in the two groups of patients undergoing CRT and LASIK who had approximately the same mean refractive error. Corneal asphericity and corneal and total aberrations were calculated, and the differences were analyzed between groups. Visual acuity, corneal and total ocular aberrations, corneal asphericity, and mesopic CSF were determined before and 3 months after treatment.

Results:
In both groups, corneal and total higher order aberrations increased after treatment, and the change in some Zernike coefficients was significant. Mesopic CSF diminished after treatment under monocular as well as binocular conditions, with the greatest decline being found in the CRT group under binocular conditions. Corneal asphericity also increased significantly in both groups, which was more accentuated in the CRT group.

Conclusions:

Both emmetropization techniques increased higher order ocular aberrations, implying a decline in the mesopic CSF. The increase in aberrations and the consequent deterioration in visual function was more marked in the CRT group. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:277–284.]
Pentacam and Orbscan II Measurements of Posterior Corneal Elevation Before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Ha Byoung Jin , Kim Sun Woong , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To compare the measurements of posterior corneal elevation above the best-fit sphere before and after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using two different technologies—Scheimpflug imaging using Pentacam (Oculus) and scanning slit combined with Placido imaging using Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb).

Methods:
In a retrospective observational case series study, 60 eyes measured using Orbscan II and Pentacam before or after PRK were evaluated. The data were analyzed as three groups: preoperative, early postoperative (from 1 to 3 months after surgery), and late postoperative (>3 months postoperatively but not exceeding 1 year). Anterior chamber depth, posterior best-fit float sphere, posterior central elevation (PCE) above the best-fit sphere, and posterior maximum elevation (PME) above the best-fit sphere in the 6.0-mm zone were analyzed.

Results:

Posterior central elevation and PME values measured using Orbscan II were greater than those measured using Pentacam (
P
<.001). Anterior chamber depth values measured using Orbscan II were smaller than those measured using Pentacam in all three groups (
P
<.001). Using Orbscan II, PCE and PME values for the two postoperative groups were greater than for the preoperative group. Using Pentacam, the PCE values for the three groups were similar, and the PME values for the preoperative and late postoperative groups were similar.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that Orbscan II measurements of posterior corneal elevation before and after excimer laser refractive corneal surgery may not be valid. Pentacam measurement showed no significant change in posterior corneal elevation from before to after excimer laser corneal surgery. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:290–295.]
Manure characteristics of small ruminants fed agro by-products in the guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana
Authors: Ansah K. O. , Antwi C. , Osafo E. L.K. , Enning S. , Adu-Dapaah H. 
Published: September 2019

A 90 day study on evaluating quantity and quality of manure from small ruminants in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana was conducted. 36 goats and 36 sheep were random­ly allotted to three dietary treatments - Basal diets of maize stover, cassava and yam peels as Treatment one (T1), T1 supplemented with cowpea residues as Treatment two (T2) and T1 supplemented with groundnut residues as Treatment three (T3) in a randomized complete block design. Feed composition and intake and manure characteristics were assessed and data ana­lyzed statistically using Generalized Linear Model procedures of SAS at 5% significance level. The Chemical composition of feed resources ranged from 3.2-17.3% crude protein, 82-97.2% organic matter and 2.8-18% ash. Total feed intake ranged from 519.55-659.72 g/day and 331.84-420.17 g/day for sheep and goats respectively. Sheep manure weighed 319.17-423.33 g/day and contained 20.74-29.01% carbon, 1.87-2.32% nitrogen, 0.77-3.00 potassium, 9.52-26.50% ash, 0.44-0.77 pH and C:N ratio of 10.98-15.53. Goat manure weighed 178.67-216.17 g/day with 19.58-30.61%, 1.56-2.21% nitrogen, 0.82-2.33% potassium, 10.75-19.80% ash, 0.37-1.47 pH and C:N ratio of 9.49-19.92. Results indicated that manure from small ruminants could serve as alternative source of fertilizer in Ghana since its characteristics compare well with chemical fertilizers. Keywords: sheep; goats; feed resources; manure; fertilizers