bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the κ2‐Fashioned Coordination of [Se2]‐Donor Ligand L3Se for Facile Hg−C Bond Cleavage of Mercury Alkyls and Cytoprotection against Methylmercury‐Induced Toxicity
Authors: Karri Ramesh , Chalana Ashish , Kumar Binayak , Jayadev Sri Krishna , Roy Gouriprasanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Hg−C bond of MeHgCl, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, is notoriously inert and exceedingly difficult to cleave. The cleavage of the Hg−C bond of MeHgCl at low temperature, therefore, is of significant importance for human health. Among various bis(imidazole)‐2‐selones LnSe (n=1–4, or 6), the three‐spacer L3Se shows extraordinarily high reactivity in the degradation of various mercury alkyls including MeHgCl because of its unique ability to coordinate through κ2‐fashion, in which both the Se atoms simultaneously attack the Hg center of mercury alkyls for facile Hg−C bond cleavage. It has the highest softness (σ) parameter and the lowest HOMO(LnSe)‐LUMO(MeHgX) energy gap and, thus, L3Se is the most reactive among LnSe towards MeHgX (X=Cl or I). L3Se is highly efficient, more than L1Se, in restoring the activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) that is completely inhibited by MeHgCl; 80 % GR activity is recovered by L3Se relative to 50 % by L1Se. It shows an excellent cytoprotective effect in liver cells against MeHgCl‐induced oxidative stress by protecting vital antioxidant enzymes from inhibition caused by MeHgCl and, thus, does not allow to increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, it protects the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) from perturbation by MeHgCl. Major Hg‐responsive genes analyses demonstrate that L3Se plays a significant role in MeHg+ detoxification in liver cells.
Access to Enantioenriched Spiro‐ϵ‐Lactam Oxindoles by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of Flexible Oxotryptamines with Enals
Authors: Liu Dehai , Hu Zhouli , Zhang Yuxia , Gong Minghua , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxotryptamines were firstly used as flexible four‐atom synthons in an NHC‐catalyzed formal [4+3] annulation, providing a novel enantioselective method to access structurally diverse spiro‐ϵ‐lactam oxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities. This metal‐free reaction features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional‐group tolerance and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, enantiopure privileged hexahydropyrroloindoles could be easily constructed by a one‐pot process from the resulting spiro‐ϵ‐lactam oxindoles.
Management and outcomes among patients with sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Wu Lu , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Farooq Ayesha , Hyer J. Madison , Merath Katiuscha , Paredes Anghela Z. , Mehta Rittal , Sahara Kota , Shen Feng , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundFew data are available regarding the management and outcomes among patients with sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its rarity.MethodsPatients diagnosed with sarcomatoid HCC from 2004 through 2015 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Overall survival (OS) was calculated among patients with sarcomatoid versus conventional HCC using a 1:3 propensity score matching based on sex, age, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage of disease.ResultsThe final analytic cohort included 104 patients with sarcomatoid HCC and 312 patients with conventional HCC. Patients with sarcomatoid HCC more often had a larger median tumor size (8.5 cm vs 5.4 cm; P < .001) and poorly or undifferentiated tumors (52.9% vs 13.8%; P < .001) compared with patients who had conventional HCC. 5‐year OS was worse among patients with sarcomatoid versus conventional HCC (5.7% vs 30.1%; P < .001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated worse 5‐year OS among patients with sarcomatoid versus conventional HCC among patients treated with either curative‐intent or palliative therapies. Stage‐specific subgroup analysis indicated a worse OS among patients with AJCC stage I, stage II, or stage III sarcomatoid HCC. On multivariable analysis, uninsured status, advanced AJCC stage (stage III/stage IV), and histological sarcomatoid subtype were independently associated with worse outcomes (all P < .05).ConclusionsSarcomatoid HCC is a very rare variant of HCC, which was associated with larger tumor size and worse tumor grade on presentation. On propensity score matched analyses that controlled for known confounding factors, patients with sarcomatoid HCC had a worse stage‐for‐stage long‐term survival compared with patients who had conventional HCC.
Easy Formation of Functional Liposomes in Water Using a pH‐Responsive Microbial Glycolipid: Encapsulation of Magnetic and Upconverting Nanoparticles
Authors: Van Renterghem Lisa , Guzzetta Fabrizio , Le Griel Patrick , Selmane Mohamed , Messaoud Ghazi Ben , Tan Su Teng Tabitha , Lim Sierin , Soetaert Wim , Roelants Sophie , Julián‐López Beatriz , Baccile Niki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe compartmentalization of colloids into topologically closed, vesicular, microphases offers an attractive mean to concentrate a functional cargo in aqueous solutions for a range of biomedical, cosmetic, and biotechnological applications. In this paper, we develop a simple, phospholipid‐free, phase change method employing a pH‐responsive glycolipid. The method is applied to the encapsulation of a sonicated, metastable, aqueous dispersion of functional colloids in the lumen of lipid vesicles: uncoated magnetic maghemite γ‐Fe2O3 and oleic‐acid coated upconverting NaYF4 : Yb/Ln (Ln=Er or Tm) nanoparticles (NPs). We find a stable liposomal dispersion containing a sub‐population of crowded liposomes with high concentrations of NPs. The encapsulated NPs, formed at nearly neutral pH and room temperature, are stable over time and towards extrusion. The vesicular microphase is entirely composed of pH‐responsive glycolipids, which undergo a pH‐mediated mesoscopic structural transition from an open lamellar (2<pH<4) to topologically closed vesicular state (pH>4). We also show that encapsulation successfully works with a stable colloidal aqueous dispersion of iron clusters stabilized in ferritin cages. This compartmentalization approach combining self‐assembly with an orthogonal nonequilibrium dispersion of nanoparticles shows untapped potential for synthesizing unusual classes of mixed matter.
Column concept determination based on multiple evidences
Authors: An Xianxi , You Sihan , Guo Ziyang , Lu Zeguang , Zheng Bo , Shi Shengfei , Song Yan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTables on the web provide rich information. To make sufficient usage of web tables, the semantics of columns should be identified correctly. The absence, misspelling, and abbreviation in column names bring the challenges in column semantics identification. Facing this challenge, we extract multiple features including keywords, concepts, and structure from the content in the column. Thus, we could identify the column semantics by matching these multiple features. For the extraction and matching with these features, we propose efficient algorithms. Experimental results on real data sets show that our solution achieves high performance.
Self‐Assembly and Fluorescence of Tetracationic Liquid Crystalline Tetraphenylethene
Authors: Knelles Jakob , Beardsworth Stuart , Bader Korinna , Bruckner Johanna R. , Bühlmeyer Andrea , Forschner Robert , Schweizer Kevin , Frey Wolfgang , Giesselmann Frank , Molard Yann , Laschat Sabine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of tetraguanidinium tetraphenylethene (TPE) arylsulfonates with different chain lengths was prepared via ionic self‐assembly of tetraguanidinium TPE chloride and the respective methyl arylsulfonates. Liquid crystalline properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Tetraguanidinium TPE arylsulfonates with chain lengths of C8–C12 displayed hexagonal columnar mesophases over a broad temperature range, while derivatives with longer chains showed oblique columnar phases. In solution all compounds displayed aggregation‐induced emission behaviour. Temperature‐dependent luminescence spectra of the bulk phase of the tetraguanidinium TPE arylsulfonate with C14 side chains revealed a strong luminescence both in the solid state and the oblique columnar mesophase. The emission behaviour was rationalized by a unique combination of restriction of intramolecular rotation of the TPE core, Coulomb interaction between the guanidinium cations and π–π interactions of the anionic arylsulfonate moieties.
Childhood obesity: Aetiology, comorbidities, and treatment
Authors: Morales Camacho William Javier , Molina Díaz Jorge Mario , Plata Ortiz Sandra , Plata Ortiz Jessica Estefanía , Morales Camacho María Alejandra , Calderón Bertha Patricia 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObesity is currently considered a global epidemic, and its implications in mortality and morbidity in a paediatric patient and in adulthood are increasingly important. The objective of this article is to review in detail the definition of obesity according to age group, and, in turn, the epidemiology of this entity worldwide and in South America. Available evidence about pathophysiology and, additionally, associated comorbidities are reported in some of the most important and clinically relevant body systems. The recommendations on pharmacological and nonpharmacological management through changes in lifestyle and relevant aspects of bariatric surgery in the paediatric population are also described.
A multiagent‐based microgrid operation method considering charging and discharging strategies of electric vehicles
Authors: Nagata Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a multiagent‐based microgrid (MG) operation method considering charging and discharging electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed system consists of five types of agents: single microgrid controller agent, several load agents, several gas turbines/engine agents, several photovoltaic generation agents, and several electric vehicle agents. In the proposed method, the load balancing can be realized by suppressing sudden fluctuations in supply and demand balance due to the synchronization of charging and discharging of EVs. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed multiagent system could realize the load equalization in MG.
Self‐microemulsifying oral fast dissolving films of vitamin D3 for infants: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Tingrui , Zou Ying , Han Ping , Liu Kehai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCombining the advantages of self‐microemulsifying technology and oral fast dissolving technology, a self‐microemulsifying oral fast dissolving films (SMEOFDF) of vitamin D3 was developed in this study. The pseudoternary phase diagram of microemulsion was constructed using water titration method, and the formulation of films was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The prepared SMEOFDF of vitamin D3 was a thin film, in which the liquid drops of self‐microemulsion were embedded. It had good mechanical properties (thickness 166.7 ± 3.30 µm, tensile strength 38.45 ± 3.72 MPa, elongation 23.38 ± 4.23%, and folding endurance >200 times), and its disintegration time was about 18 ± 1.23 s. After being redissolved in water, microemulsion could form spontaneously, with particle size of 181.2 nm and zeta potential of 16.1 mV. The release profile of vitamin D from SMEOFDF could be well described by first‐order equation.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land-use and Land-cover Dynamics of Adama District, Ethiopia and Its Implication to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Hundera Hurgesa , Mpandeli Sylvester , Bantider Amare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Uncontrolled change in land use and land cover (LULC) enhances the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study, therefore, is aimed at the spatiotemporal analysis of LULC dynamics and their implications for the greenhouse gas emissions of the Adama district of Ethiopia. The dry season Landsat image Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1986, Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) of 2000, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of 2014 were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey Global Visualization Viewer Website and employed. The hybrid classification approach was performed after the preprocessing of the image. Moreover, observations, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were used. The analysis was carried out using the image data and survey data. The result indicates that agricultural land and shrub and bush lands covered 80.98%, 76.75%, and 74.42% of the study area during 1986, 2000, and 2014, respectively. Although there were differences in the magnitudes and rates of change during the considered years, the LULC classification results of this study indicated that most natural environments are converted to human-dominated environments, which can be attributed to human-induced activities. Due to this conversion, environmental degradation is aggravated, which again paves the way for the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The study concludes that, largely as a result of interventions from the communities living in the area, the study area is being transformed from the natural ecosystem to a managed environment. Hence, the practices of smallholder farmers with respect to protected areas, afforestation, and reforestation must be strengthened and supported by an integrated policy framework. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–13. © 2019 SETAC
In vitro biosafety of pro‐ecological chitosan‐based hydrogels modified with natural substances
Authors: Tyliszczak Bożena , Drabczyk Anna , Kudłacik‐Kramarczyk Sonia , Rudnicka Karolina , Gatkowska Justyna , Sobczak‐Kupiec Agnieszka , Jampilek Josef 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrogels belong to the group of materials with growing interest on the market of polymers. In this article, hydrogels based on Beetosan were obtained using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Main component of hydrogel matrix—Beetosan—is chitosan obtained from naturally died honeybees. Such hydrogels were modified with active substances, that is, caffeine, bee pollen, Salvia officinalis (sage), and Aloe vera juice. Next, the analysis of cytotoxicity of hydrogels in relation to murine fibroblasts by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays were conducted. Furthermore, surface morphology, tensile strength, geometry, and roughness of hydrogels were characterized. Hydrogels did not show cytotoxicity to recommended L929 murine fibroblasts. These polymers did not affect adversely the growth and viability of these cells. Moreover, Beetosan hydrogels were characterized by flexibility as well as by diversified surface morphology that could indicate their high absorbency. Therefore these materials may be considered as useful for biomedical purposes with special emphasis on application as modern wound dressings that not only absorb wound exudate but also contain natural substances with therapeutic properties that is beneficial from the point of view of wound healing process.
Inhibition of miR‐181b‐5p protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting AKT3 and PI3KR3
Authors: Yuan Limei , Fan Lihua , Li Qinghai , Cui Wei , Wang Xuechen , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIschemic heart disease (IHD) is the most occurring cardiovascular‐associated disease, which is a primary leading cause of cardiac disability and death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) has been linked to IHD‐induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis and tissue damage. The clinical studies have indicated that pathophysiologic mechanisms of MI/RI are associated with reactive oxygen species generation, calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, neutrophil infiltration, and others. However, the genetic mechanism of MI/RI remains unclear. In this study, we successfully established the reproducing abnormal heart observed in rat, of IHD‐induced MI/RI post operation. By using these rats, we illustrated that expression of miR‐181b‐5p was increased not only in both hypoxia/reoxygenation‐cultured H9C2 but also heart of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) rat. Suppression of the miR‐181b‐5p cardiomyocytes apoptosis and rescued myocardial infarction. Additionally, our data indicated that miR‐181b‐5p negatively regulates the expression of AKT3 and PIK3R3 through directly binding with its 3′‐untranslated region. More importantly, suppression of miR‐181b‐5p protects the cardiomyocytes apoptosis and tissue damage from MI/R via regulation of PIK3R3 and AKT3. Hence, our study indicates that miR‐181b‐5p is essential for MI/RI via regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and could be a potential therapeutic target in IHD.
An investigation on the expression of miRNAs including miR‐144 and miR‐34a in plasma samples of RET‐positive and RET‐negative medullar thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Shabani Noushin , Sheikholeslami Sara , Paryan Mahdi , Zarif Yeganeh Marjan , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Azizi Fereidoun , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a scarce cancerous disease, originating from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. MTC can be manifested as an aggressive carcinoma with metastasis, especially in sporadic forms. Mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto‐oncogene occurs in all hereditary and a few somatic MTCs, so detection of RET mutations is needed for prompt and appropriate treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs. Extensive studies have done in progress or suppression of several types of cancers such as MTCs with the remarkable application as prognostic markers. Of the effective miRNAs in cancers, miR‐144 and miR‐34 were evaluated in our study. Blood samples of 25 RET‐positive and 25 RET‐negative blood samples of patients with MTC were evaluated for these miRNAs, using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Analysis of the results was performed by the 2
−ΔΔCt method, showing that miR‐144 and miR‐34a expression had a relative increase in patients with MTC compared with normal control samples and also in RET positives versus RET negatives. We recruited 50 out of 350 MTC plasma samples (27 female and 23 male) which were selected based on RET mutation in exon 11 (25 RET‐positive and 25 RET‐negative), with a mean ± SD age of 37.04 ± 1.74 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to investigate the prognostic value of these miRNAs; although, they showed no significant prognostic value as MTC biomarkers in plasma samples. In conclusion, miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of cancers such as MTC; however, more studies are needed to find the best candidate miRNAs for the diagnosis of cancers.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1: A highly dysregulated gene in malignancy
Authors: Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Omrani Mir Davood , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies have verified the contribution of several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the carcinogenesis. Among the highly acknowledged lncRNAs is the human homolog of the plasmacytoma variant translocation gene, which is called PVT1. PVT1 resides near Myc oncogene and regulates the oncogenic process through modulation of several signaling pathways, such as TGF‐β, Wnt/ β‐catenin, PI3K/AKT, and mTOR pathways. This lncRNA has a circular form as well. Expression analyses and functional studies have appraised the oncogenic roles of PVT1 and circPVT1. Experiments in several cancer cell lines have shown that PVT1 silencing suppresses cancer cell proliferation, whereas its overexpression has the opposite effect. Its silencing has led to the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and diminished the number of cells in the S phase. Moreover, genome‐wide association studies have signified the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of this lncRNA in conferring risk of lymphoma in different populations. In the current study, we have summarized recent data about the role of PVT1 and circPVT1 in the carcinogenesis process.
A complete bipartite graph without properly colored cycles of length four
Authors: Čada Roman , Ozeki Kenta , Yoshimoto Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA subgraph of an edge‐colored graph is said to be properly colored, or shortly PC, if any two adjacent edges have different colors. Fujita, Li, and Zhang gave a decomposition theorem for edge‐colorings of complete bipartite graphs without PC . However, their decomposition just focuses on a local structure. In this paper, we give a new and global decomposition theorem for edge‐colorings of complete bipartite graphs without PC . Our decomposition gives a corollary on the existence of a monochromatic star with almost sharp bound.
The diurnal cycle of precipitation over South America represented by five gridded datasets
Authors: Giles Julián A. , Ruscica Romina C. , Menéndez Claudio G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA characterization of the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) over the whole South America is still lacking in the literature and the scarcity of sub‐daily rain ground measurements limits the data available for analysis and forbids a correct validation of alternative datasets. In this paper we analyse the climatological mean DCP during the monsoon active season using five gridded datasets: two satellite precipitation estimates, two regional climate models and one reanalysis. Amazonia, the Brazilian Highlands, the northeastern South American coast, the Andes and the western Colombian coast are identified as the areas with most prominent DCPs. The afternoon convection triggered by solar heating over land and the coastal and topographic effects are the main modes of sub‐daily variability, based on an EOF decomposition of the 3 hourly mean precipitation fields. We explore the contribution of mean frequency and intensity to amount of precipitation and nighttime–daytime differences. In general, both models precipitate earlier and more frequently than the satellite products and do not reproduce correctly areas of observed predominant nighttime precipitation where mesoscale convective systems are active, like La Plata Basin or Amazonia. Over the analysed areas, the high frequency of precipitation is the driving mechanism of total amount in the models, whereas in the satellite products there is also considerable contribution from intensity. Overall, the reanalysis shows features in between the models and the satellite estimates, sharing characteristics with both types of data. The results presented here point at the diversity of sub‐daily precipitation characteristics in South America, the issues with conventional climate models and the uncertainty in satellite products and reanalyses. The growing interest in the DCP by the scientific community and the development of new techniques like convection permitting modelling will hopefully continue to improve our knowledge of the precipitation dynamics and its influence on climate.