bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BENEFICIOS OBTENIDOS POR LOS CONSUMIDORES DE COSTA RICA CON LA IMPORTACIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE MATERIAS PRIMAS, EN EL MARCO DEL TLC CON MÉXICO: CASO DE “PRODUCTOS INTERMEDIOS DE HIERRO O ACERO SIN ALEAR” DURANTE EL AÑO 2008
Authors: ACÓN MATAMOROS ARIANA , TRUJILLO COTERA AURORA 
Published: May 2019

En la actualidad Costa Rica cuenta con varios Tratados Internacionales con diferentes países, incluyendo a México. Representan un beneficio de las negociaciones internacionales incorporada en esos Acuerdos, así como para los diferentes participantes nacionales del proceso. Sin embargo, ¿se puede detallar y trasladar ese beneficio a los consumidores nacionales? Para dar respuesta a esa pregunta, se seleccionó para el desarrollo de esta investigación, realizar un análisis del beneficio para los consumidores costarricenses en el caso del TLC Costa Rica – México, utilizando como ejemplo la importación de materias primas, específicamente, productos intermedios de hierro o acero sin alear (subpartida 720720, el cual para los efectos de esta investigación, denominaremos en adelante como “producto”), para el año 2008. El objetivo principal fue determinar el beneficio derivado de estos acuerdos comerciales internacionales, por medio de un análisis comparativo de costos, y con datos reales, que se tomaron de las estadísticas publicadas por COMEX en su sitio web, documentos consultados, y de la página web del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INEC. Para el año 2008 las materias primas fueron los principales bienes importados desde México, lo que a su vez representó un 45.5% del total de importación. En el año 2007 según datos publicados por COMEX, se inició la importación del producto y para el 2008, representó un 6.3% del total importado. Con esta investigación se valora el beneficio económico obtenido por los consumidores costarricenses con la exoneración de impuestos de importación de la materia prima, y se establece con un ejemplo, que las negociaciones internacionales por medio de convenios comerciales, representan oportunidades de intercambio y crecimiento.
Reflexiones sobre los trabajadores transfronterizos y de temporada: análisis del " Informe metodológico del Banco Central de Costa Rica Trabajadores transfronterizos y de temporada en Costa Rica 2011-2012”
Authors: Hernández Castro Gustavo 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el documento titulado “Informe metodológico del Banco Central de Costa Rica (BCCR): Trabajadores transfronterizos y de temporada en Costa Rica 2011-2012”, con la finalidad de deconstruir, a partir de dicho documento, un examen crítico desde la perspectiva foucaultiana en términos de saber, poder y subjetividad; lo anterior, en el marco de las relaciones de poder, las cuales se destilan en la esfera del poder formal en el país (Banco Central) respecto a la población migrante en Costa Rica.
Modelos de calidad en la gestión pública
Authors: Vásquez Rodríguez Jorge Alberto 
Published: May 2019

Los premios de la calidad se encuentran ligados en todo el mundo a los modelos de calidad. El primer premio en el campo de la calidad surgió en Japón en 1951; luego en Colombia en los años setenta, seguidamente en los Estados Unidos en los años ochenta, y en muchos países en todos los continentes, igualmente a partir de los años ochenta. Latinoamérica no fue la excepción. Cada modelo de calidad contiene una serie de criterios y subcriterios que en conjunto se utilizan para evaluar la calidad en una organización. Se trata de identificar áreas de mejora y evidenciar las mejores prácticas en la gestión de la calidad. Con el surgimiento de la Nueva Gestión Pública en los años ochenta; según la cual los conceptos, prácticas, modelos e instrumentos de la gestión privada se trasladan a la gestión pública, surgen una serie de modelos de calidad en esta última, que fueron asociados a premios de la calidad. En Costa Rica, en la segunda administración de Óscar Arias Sánchez (2006-2010), se oficializa un modelo de gestión de calidad para la gestión pública, con su correspondiente premio
Efectos inhibidores de crecimiento producidos por Cupressus lusitanica (Cupressaceae) en el Bosque de La Hoja, Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Barquero Salgado Daniela , Ramirez Daniel , Araya Alexander , Villalobos Marco 
Published: May 2019

RESUMEN: En Costa Rica, Cupressus lusitanica es un árbol introducido que puede causar efectos negativos a las plantas nativas coexistentes. En este estudio comparamos el ambiente lumínico, la humedad y acidez del suelo relacionadas con la presencia de los árboles de ciprés y su efecto sobre la distribución de plantas monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas vecinas en el Bosque de la Hoja, Costa Rica. No hay diferencia en la humedad y acidez del suelo a diferentes distancias de la base del ciprés. (la acidez fue similar a la de un bosque nativo). Plantas monocotiledóneas crecen más cerca del ciprés que las dicotiledóneas, particularmente en partes con mayor luminosidad, sugiriendo que existe un efecto alelopático, a la función de este como un fenómeno fotodinámico, el cual requiere luz como catalizador. Aunque las plantaciones de C. lusitanica pueden alterar el ambiente lumínico, la humedad y pH del suelo, estos efectos pueden eliminarse con un manejo adecuado. PALABRA CLAVE: Cupressus lusitanica, humedad del suelo, acidez del suelo, distribución espacial, monocotiledónea, dicotiledónea.
Maps estimates of atmospheric corrosion of low alloy steel in Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Yáñez Javier , Garita Arce Luis , Saborío Leiva Ericka 
Published: May 2019

The Corrosion maps used are to display quickly the different situations in a country. These maps developed are for low alloy steel in Costa Rica depending on climatic data and pollutant levels, considering the different regulations associated with ISO 9223 and models developed by the Center for Research in Corrosion (CICorr). The atmosphere in Costa Rica has high rates of Brooks, considered very corrosive. The corrosion controlling atmospheric parameters are the relative humidity (RH) and Wetting Time (TWH) associated with low levels of pollution and rural type atmospheres. The corrosion rates are between 25 and 80μm*yr-1 (Class 3 and 4 according to ISO 9223). Local models associated with the controlling parameters are more suitable for estimating the corrosion according to ISO 9223.
Secondary metabolites, letalithy and antimicrobial activity of six marine sponges from Mochima Bay, Sucre state, Venezuela.
Authors: Cedeño Ramos Raúl , D´Armas Haydelba , Amaro María , Martínez Rosa 
Published: May 2019

he specimens of the sponges Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina fulva, Cliona varians, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Amphimedon viridis and Aaptos pernucleata, were collected in Mochima Bay, Venezuela, in October 2009 with the purpose of identifying families of secondary metabolites and evaluating the antibacterial properties, antifungal and brine shrimp lethal study of the ethyl acetate soluble fractions of these sponges. The chemical evaluation showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, triterpenes, methylene ketone and tannins. The ethyl acetate soluble fractions of A. pernucleata, A. fulva and A. lacunosa sponges were the only ones that showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli; the soluble fraction of A. lacunosa showed the highest inhibition zones. The antifungal activity was not significant, except for A. pernucleata sponge wich showed mild activity against Candida albicans. The most prominent lethal activity in Artemia salina, were observed for C. kuekenthali, A. viridis and A. pernucleata sponges, with LC50 values of 4,10, 1,13 and < 0,01µg/mL respectively. These results allow profiling the sponges A. lacunosa, A. pernucleata and A. fulva as promising sources of antimicrobial compounds and the sponges C. kuekenthali, A. viridis and A. pernucleata as sources of antitumor compounds.
Effect of Government Expenditures and Banking Loan Distribution on the Performance of Human Resource Development in Papua Province
Authors: Lembang Hendricus 
Published: May 2019

The research aims to analyze government expenditure on capital spending and bank loan as well as to determine whether it has positive and significant effects on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Papua Province. The method is a quantitative study using a quantitive approach (deductive) to test the hypothesis and explain the causal relationship among panel variables (explanatory research). Data analysis techniques in the form of pooled data. Time series data were taken from 2005 to 2012 and the cross section data consisting of 19 regioncies and 1 city in Papua Province. The research results about the local government expenditure indicate that 10 the capital expenditure has positive and significant direct effect on an increase in private investment, educational level, employment recruitment and HDI, 2) the bank consumer loan distribution has positive and significant effect on the labor absorption, 3) the private investment has positive but not significant impact on educational level; it has positive and direct significant impact in the labor absorption, 4) the level of education has positive and direct significant impact on the employment recruitment and HDI, 5) labor absorption has positive and direct significant impact in the HDI.
Privacy preserving linkage using multiple dynamic match keys
Authors: Randall Sean , Brown Adrian P , Ferrante Anna M , Boyd James H 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionAvailable and practical methods for privacy preserving linkage have shortcomings: methods utilising anonymous linkage codes provide limited accuracy while methods based on Bloom filters have proven vulnerable to frequency-based attacks.
ObjectivesIn this paper, we present and evaluate a novel protocol that aims to meld both the accuracy of the Bloom filter method with the privacy achievable through the anonymous linkage code methodology.
MethodsThe protocol involves creating multiple match-keys for each record, with the composition of each match-key depending on attributes of the underlying datasets being compared. The protocol was evaluated through de-duplication of four administrative datasets and two synthetic datasets; the ‘answers’ outlining which records belonged to the same individual were known for each dataset. The results were compared against results achieved with un-encoded linkage and other privacy preserving techniques on the same datasets.
ResultsThe multiple match-key protocol presented here achieved high quality across all datasets, performing better than record-level Bloom filters and the SLK, but worse than field-level Bloom filters.
ConclusionThe presented method provides high linkage quality while avoiding the frequency based attacks that have been demonstrated against the Bloom filter approach. The method appears promising for real world use.
La exploración en el desarrollo del aprendizaje profundo / The Exploration in the Develop Deep Learning
Authors: Álvarez Cedillo Jesús Antonio , Álvarez Sánchez Teodoro , Sandoval Gómez Raúl Junior , Aguilar Fernández Mario 
Published: May 2019

El aprendizaje profundo debate el problema del aprendizaje integral y se contrapone al aprendizaje superficial, donde se acepta el conocimiento de forma mecánica, pasiva y donde se almacena información privada. De tal manera que el aprendizaje profundo se enfoca en extraer detalles de la enseñanza activa. La planificación de este método requiere que los estudiantes entiendan el mundo exterior, a través de su propia iniciativa, y propongan un resultado positivo.
Asimismo, el aprendizaje profundo adquiere un significado práctico y habilidoso mediante el vínculo que establece entre el conocimiento existente y el nuevo conocimiento, y ofrece la posibilidad de extender el proceso creativo con la ayuda de la tecnología. Esto potencia, a su vez, la activación y participación de los estudiantes y tomar la experiencia adquirida para aplicarla en diferentes contextos.
Se concluye que el aprendizaje integral permite esbozar una serie de indicaciones respecto al qué, cuándo y cómo explorar y evaluar los conocimientos previos de los alumnos. Esta integración permite aprender de tres a cinco veces más rápido, despierta el interés y se incrementa la motivación para alcanzar un aprendizaje profundo.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI
Authors: Harahap Fitri Melia , Siagian Hendro 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi usaha dan energi di kelas XI semester I SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan T.P 2013/2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalalah seluruh siswa kelas XI yang terdiri dari 4 kelas yang berjumlah 163 siswa. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan cara cluster random sampling, yaitu Kelas XI-3 berjumlah 40 siswa diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dan kelas XI-4 berjumlah 40 siswa diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk pilihan berganda sebanyak 15 soal yang telah memenuhi validitas isi. Hasil penelitian pretes diperoleh kedua kelas berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan data pretes dengan menggunakan uji t diperoleh bahwa kemampuan awal siswa pada kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol adalah sama. Setelah selesai pembelajaran, dilakukan postes dengan hasil nilai rata-rata postes kelas eksperimen 73,67 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 66,67. Data kedua kelas menunjukkan berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji t pada taraf nyata α = 0,05 diperoleh bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dengan pembelajaran konvensional, dengan kata lain model kooperatif tipe NHT memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi Usaha dan Energi di Kelas XI Semester I SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan T.P 2013/2014. Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT), Hasil Belajar Siswa.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK BESARAN FISIKA DAN SATUANNYA
Authors: Siagian Henok , Lumbanbatu Hunter 
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning Model on physics learning outcome of students in the subject physics mulberry and its unit in X class SMA Katolik Budi Murni 3 of Medan T.P 2013/2014. The kinds of this reaserch is quasi-experimental. The population in this research is all of the students of X class SMA Katolik Budi Murni 3 of Medan which consisting of 4 classes totally 130 sample students . the cluster random sampling was done by taking 2 classes of 4 classes are randomly. The class of X­­-2 as experiment class and X-4 as control class that each class is 34 and 36 students. The instrument used achievement test is a multiple-choice test consist of 10 questions that have fulfilled content validity. The eksperimental class treated by using Problem Based Learning Model and control class by using convensional model. Based on t test that Ha is accepted, it means that Problem Based Learning Model has significant impact in improving student learning outcomes. Keywords : Problem Based Learning Model, Studing Result and StudentActivity.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS-GAMES-TOURNAMENT (TGT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK BUNYI DI KELAS VIII SEMESTER II SMP NEGERI 2 LUBUK PAKAM T.P. 2013/2014
Authors: Sinulingga Karya , Ilyas Ilyas 
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to determine the effect of Teams-Games-Tournament on physics learning outcomes of students in the subject matter Sounds for VIII class SMP Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam T.P. 2013/2014. The study was quasi-experimental with the entire populations of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam consisting of 10 classes. Sample were taken 2 classes are determined by cluster random sampling technique. Both of class given different treatment, The class VIII-8 using Teams-Games-Tournament and the class VIII-10 using conventional learning. The instrument used in this research is test of learning outcomes in the form of multiples with 5 options in 20 questions that have been declared valid and reliable by the experts. The results showed that the Teams Games Tournament can improve student learning outcomes and student learning activity. For student learning outcomes, the results of testing hypothesis using deffrent test, that are differences of student learning outcomes significantly due to the effect of Teams Games Tournament model in the subject matter Sounds second semester in VIII class SMP Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam T.P. 2013/2014. Keywords : Cooperative Learning Type Teams-Games-Tournament, Sounds, Student Learning Outcomes
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERDASARKAN MASALAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK GERAK LURUS KELAS X SMA NEGERI 3 TANJUNG BALAI T.P 2014 / 2015
Authors: Nasution Khadijah , Hutahaean Juniar 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of problem-based learning model to activities and student learning outcomes in a straight motion of matter in class X in SMAN 3 Tanjungbalai TP 2014/2015. This research is quasi experiment. The population in this study were all students of class X semester 3 Tanjungbalai SMA consists of five classes. The study sample was taken two classes, namely class X MIA-1 (as an experimental class) and Class X MIA-3 (as a control class), each of which amounted to 30 students as determined by cluster random sampling. Then given a different treatment, the experimental class with a problem-based learning model and grade control with conventional learning. The data used in this study used an essay test were 10 items that have been divalidkan by the validator. The results were obtained average values pretest experimental class was 18.2 and the average value of the control class is 18.37. After completion of the post-test study with an average yield of 75.83 experimental class and control class 70.3. Activities and student learning outcomes in a straight motion of matter by applying problem-based learning model is better than the conventional learning in class X SMA semester 3 Tanjungbalai TP 2014/2015.Keywords : Problem Based Learning, Conventional, Learning Activities, Learning Outcome
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK GERAK LURUS KELAS X SEMESTER I SMA NEGERI 11 MEDAN T.A. 2014/2015
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Juliani Rita 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning model for student learning outcomes in the subject matter straight motion X class first semester of SMA 11 Medan T.A. 2014/2015. This research is quasi experiment. The population is the entire class X MIA semester SMA 11 Medan consists of five classes. Samples were taken two classes of grade X MIA 3 as the experimental class and class X MIA 4 as the control class, each of which consist of 40 students is determined by cluster random sampling. Both classes are given different treatment, the experimental class with problem-based learning model and grade control with conventional learning. The data used in the research is a description of the number of about 10 items that have been divalidkan. The results showed that the learning outcomes of students using problem-based learning model has increased significantly. Testing results of the study by testing the hypothesis of effect is obtained that the problem-based learning model for student learning outcomes in the subject matter straight motion X class first semester of SMA 11 Medan T.A. 2014/2015. Keywords : problem-based learning, straight motion, student learning outcomes
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK CAHAYA DI KELAS VIII SMP SWASTA ASSISI MEDAN T.A. 2013/2014
Authors: Tamba Paian , Motlan Motlan 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pokok cahaya di kelas VIII SMP Swasta Assisi Medan T.A. 2013/2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII Semester II SMP Swasta Assisi Medan yang terdiri dari 4 kelas berjumlah 145 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling dengan mengambil 2 kelas dari 4 kelas secara acak yaitu kelas VIII-4 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang berjumlah 35 orang dan kelas VIII-3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 35 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa adalah tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk pilihan berganda dengan jumlah 15 soal dan aktivitas siswa dengan menggunakan lembar observasi yang dilakukan oleh dua observer. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretes kelas eksperimen 30.5 dan nilai rata-rata pretes kelas kontrol 29.3. Berdasarkan hasil postes, diperoleh bahwa rata-rata kelas eksperimen 68.9 dan kelas kontrol 60.4. Rata-rata nilai keseluruhan aktivitas belajar siswa adalah 61.43 termasuk dalam kriteria aktif. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pokok cahaya di kelas VIII SMP Swasta Assisi Medan T.A. 2013/2014. Kata kunci : Aktivitas, Hasil Belajar, Problem Based Learning
PENGARUH METODE ACCELERATED LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAVI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK TEKANAN DI KELAS VIII SEMESTER II SMP NEGERI 1 SELESAI T.A. 2013/2014
Authors: Br. Lubis Ricca Mauliza , Ginting Eva Marlina 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of teaching method possible Accelerated Learning with SAVI approach to learning outcomes the second semester of eighth grade students in the subject matter pressure in SMP Negeri 1 Completed TA 2013/2014. This research is quasi-experimental. The population is the entire second semester of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Done. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling by taking 2 classes from 9 randomized class VIII-1 as an experimental class and class VIII-3 as a control class. The instrument used to determine student learning outcomes are achievement test in the form of multiple choice questions with number 20. Learning method possible application of research results Accelerated Learning with SAVI approach showed that: (1) There is an increase in student learning activities begin until the first meeting of the third, of the average value of the student activity can be determined student learning activities included in the active category; (2) Based on the test results obtained studying the average value of 81.09 posttest experimental class and control class is 62.81. Calculation of data is done by using t-test of the party with α = 0.05, obtained that t count> t table so it can be concluded that no effect of learning methods Accelerated Learning with SAVI approach to learning outcomes of students in the subject matter of pressure in the second semester of eighth grade SMP Negeri 1 Completed TA 2013/2014. Keywords : Accelerated Learning Methods SAVI Approach, Quasi-Experimental, Learning Outcomes