bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative safety and effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor α antagonists and vedolizumab in elderly IBD patients: a multicentre study
Authors: Adar Tomer , Faleck David , Sasidharan Saranya , Cushing Kelly , Borren Nienke Z. , Nalagatla Niharika , Ungaro Ryan , Sy Wayne , Owen Samuel C. , Patel Anish , Cohen Benjamin L. , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe older patient group with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is particularly vulnerable to consequences of disease and therapy‐related side effects but little is known about the best treatment options in this population.AimTo compare safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor α antagonist (anti‐TNF) or vedolizumab (VDZ) in patients with IBD >60 years of age.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) initiating anti‐TNF or VDZ therapy ≥60 years of age at three study sites. We examined occurrence of infection or malignancy within 1 year after therapy as our primary outcome. Our efficacy outcomes included clinical remission at 3, 6 and 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for relevant confounders estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe study included 131 anti‐TNF and 103 VDZ initiated patients (age range 60‐88 years). Approximately half had CD. At 1 year, there were no significant differences in safety profile between the two therapeutic classes. Infections were observed in 20% of anti‐TNF‐treated and 17% of VDZ‐treated patients (P = 0.54). Pneumonia was the most common infection in both groups. While more anti‐TNF‐treated CD patients were in remission at 3 months compared to VDZ (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.18‐6.76), this difference was not maintained at 6 and 12 months suggesting similar efficacy of both classes.ConclusionsBoth anti‐TNF and VDZ therapy were similarly effective and safe in elderly IBD patients.
Exploring autonomous learning capacity from a self‐regulated learning perspective using learning analytics
Authors: Papamitsiou Zacharoula , Economides Anastasios A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPractising self‐regulated learning (SRL) has been proposed to develop learning autonomy. However, there is lack of empirical evidence on how SRL strategies affect autonomous learning capacity. This study attempts to bridge that gap by utilizing the learners’ trace data for measuring the learners’ autonomous interactions, and investigates the effects of four SRL strategies on learners’ autonomous choices. The goal is to explain how the employed SRL strategies impact autonomous control (in terms of frequencies of self‐enforced decisions, as well as time‐spent on decision making). The results from an exploratory study with undergraduate learners (N = 113) shown that goal‐setting and time‐management have strong positive effects on autonomous control, effort‐regulation moderately positively affects learners’ autonomy, while help‐seeking has a strong negative effect. These findings provide empirical evidence and contribute to clarifying the role of each one of the SRL strategies in the development of autonomous learning capacity, from a learning analytics perspective. Limitations and potential implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Prenatal imaging of genital defects: clinical spectrum and predictive factors for severe forms
Authors: Fuchs Florent , Borrego Paula , Amouroux Cyril , Antoine Benoît , Ollivier Margot , Faure Jean‐Michel , Lopez Christophe , Forgues Dominique , Faure Alice , Merrot Thierry , Boulot Pierre , Jeandel Claire , Philibert Pascal , Gaspari Laura , Sultan Charles , Paris Françoise , Kalfa Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo report the clinical spectrum of genital defects diagnosed before birth, identify predictive factors for severe phenotypes at birth, and determine the rate of associated malformations.Patients and methodsA retrospective study (2008–2017) of 4580 fetuses, identified prenatally with abnormalities evaluated by our Reference Center for Fetal Medicine, included cases with fetal sonographic findings of abnormal genitalia or uncertainty of fetal sex determination. Familial, prenatal and postnatal data were collected via a standardised questionnaire.ResultsIn all, 61 fetuses were included. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the prenatal diagnosis of genital defects was 90.1%. Most cases were 46,XY‐undervirilized boys, 42 cases (68.8%), which included 29 with mid‐penile or posterior hypospadias, nine with anterior hypospadias, and epispadias, micropenis, scrotal transposition, and buried penis (one each). In all, 46,XX‐virilized girls were identified in seven cases (11.5%), which included four with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, two with isolated clitoromegaly, and one with ovotestis. Other defects included prune belly syndrome and persistent cloaca (six cases). Early detection during the second trimester (58.1% vs 18.8%, P = 0.03), intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR) (45.2% vs 9.1%, P = 0.06), and curvature of the penis (38.7% vs 0%, P = 0.02), were more frequently related to severe defects in male newborns. Associated malformations (14 cases, 22.9%) and genetic defects (six) were frequent in undervirilized boys.ConclusionPrenatal imaging of genital defects leads to a wide range of phenotypes at birth. Its PPV is high and extra‐urinary malformations are frequent. Early diagnosis during the second trimester, associated IUGR, and curvature of the genital tubercle, should raise suspicion of a severe phenotype and may justify delivery near a multidisciplinary disorders/differences of sex development team.
Local ice caps in Finderup Land, North Greenland, survived the Holocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Larsen Nicolaj K. , Levy Laura B. , Strunk Astrid , Søndergaard Anne Sofie , Olsen Jesper , Lauridsen Torben L. 
Published: February 2019

Local glaciers and ice caps (GICs) comprise only ~5.4% of the total ice volume, but account for ~14–20% of the current ice loss in Greenland. The glacial history ofGICs is not well constrained, however, and little is known about how they reacted to Holocene climate changes. Specifically, in North Greenland, there is limited knowledge about pastGICfluctuations and whether they survived the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM, ~8 to 5 ka). In this study, we use proglacial lake records to constrain the ice‐marginal fluctuations of three local ice caps in North Greenland including Flade Isblink, the largest ice cap in Greenland. Additionally, we have radiocarbon dated reworked marine molluscs in Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines adjacent to the Flade Isblink, which reveal when the ice cap was smaller than present. We found that outlet glaciers from Flade Isblink retreated inland of their present extent from ~9.4 to 0.2 cal. kaBP. The proglacial lake records, however, demonstrate that the lakes continued to receive glacial meltwater throughout the entire Holocene. This implies thatGICs in Finderup Land survived theHTM. Our results are consistent with other observations from North Greenland but differ from locations in southern Greenland where all records show that the local ice caps at low and intermediate elevations disappeared completely during theHTM. We explain the north–south gradient in glacier response as a result of sensitivity to increased temperature and precipitation. While the increased temperatures during theHTMled to a complete melting ofGICs in southern Greenland,GICs remained in North Greenland probably because the melting was counterbalanced by increased precipitation due to a reduction in Arctic sea‐ice extent and/or increased poleward moisture transport.
Stratigraphic complexity in fluvial fans: Lower Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, USA
Authors: Wang Jianqiao , Plink‐Björklund Piret 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, measured outcrop sections and geolocated photomosaics are integrated with areal mapping of channel dimensions, degree of amalgamation, calculations of channel‐to‐floodplain ratios and sedimentary facies variability to study and quantify the channel and floodplain deposits in the Sunnyside Delta Interval of the Lower Eocene Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin, Utah. Vertically, sand content and bed thickness increases, due to an increase in the channel‐to‐floodplain ratio, channel size and the degree of channel amalgamation. Laterally, the channel‐to‐floodplain ratio, channel size, the degree of channel amalgamation and the sand content in channel facies decreases in the paleo‐downstream direction. Such vertical and lateral transitions identify the Sunnyside Delta Interval as a fluvial fan (or distributive fluvial system). However, the vertical and lateral transitions occur at multiple spatial scales, demonstrating considerable stratigraphic complexity as compared to the existing facies and architectural models suggested for fluvial megafans and distributive fluvial systems. The smallest‐scale transitions are identified as avulsion‐related packages that form the building blocks of the stratigraphy, whereas the intermediate‐ and largest‐scale transitions are suggested to be related to lobe and whole fan progradation respectively. This documented complexity indicates the significance of self‐organization in building fluvial fan stratigraphy, and demonstrates that changes in the degree of channel amalgamation or in channel‐to‐floodplain ratio are not linked to accommodation changes. On facies scale, an abundance of Froude supercritical‐flow and high‐deposition‐rate facies, in‐channel mud deposits, and in‐channel bioturbation and desiccation indicate deposition in rivers with highly variable discharge. Such discharge conditions suggest seasonally and inter‐annually variable precipitation conditions in the US Western Interior in the Early Eocene.
Safety and effectiveness of alectinib in a real‐world surveillance study in patients with ALK‐positive non–small‐cell lung cancer in Japan
Authors: Masuda Noriyuki , Ohe Yuichiro , Gemma Akihiko , Kusumoto Masahiko , Yamada Ikuyo , Ishii Tadashi , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2019

We conducted a large‐scale surveillance study as a post–marketing commitment to investigate the safety and effectiveness of alectinib in patients with ALK‐positive non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. Patients receiving 300 mg twice‐daily alectinib (September 2014 to June 2015) were monitored until termination of alectinib or completion of 18 months of treatment at 519 Japanese study sites. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR), which are important identified risks for alectinib in Japanese patients. Overall survival (OS), a key secondary endpoint, was assessed according to information on outcome. Overall, 1251 patients were enrolled. The median patient age was 62.0 years; 12.9% of patients were aged ≥75 years. At baseline, 63.0% of patients had received crizotinib and 40.6% had brain metastases. Altogether, 1512 ADR occurred in 654 patients (53.6%), with 164 grade ≥3 ADR in 123 patients (10.1%). Commonly occurring ADR were hepatic disorders (all grades, 19.8%; grade ≥3, 2.0%), decreased neutrophil and/or white blood cell count (all grades, 7.6%; grade ≥3, 1.1%), and interstitial lung disease (all grades, 3.8%; grade ≥3, .7%). Median OS was not estimable. The 18‐month cumulative OS rate was longer in patients with ECOG performance status ≤1 (vs 2 or ≥3; 83.7% vs 44.5% or 27.2%), without prior crizotinib (vs with; 81.1% vs 73.4%), receiving first‐line alectinib (vs second and third or later line; 83.0% vs 79.2% or 71.9%), without brain metastases (vs with; 79.5% vs 71.5%). These data confirm the favorable safety and effectiveness of alectinib in patients with ALK‐positive NSCLC in Japan.
Vitamin D is related to handgrip strength in adult men aged 50 years and over: A population study from the TCLSIH cohort study
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Xuena , Gu Yeqing , Liu Mingyue , Chi Vu Thi Quynh , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Yao Zhanxin , Wu Hongmei , Bao Xue , Zhang Shunming , Wang Yanyan , Lu Zuolin , Wang Liu , Zheng Lixiao , Wang Xiaona , Tian Chunling , Fu Jingzhu , Sun Shaomei , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Huang Jian , Huo Junsheng , Zhang Bing , Ding Gangqiang , Niu Kaijun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveHandgrip strength (HGS) begins an accelerating decline around 50 years. Many of the studies performed in old adults have demonstrated a significant relationship between vitamin D and HGS, but the studies performed in participants with a broad age range have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and HGS using age 50 as a specific cut‐off.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsTotally 5102 participants (2911 males, 2191 females) from the TCLSIH Cohort.MeasurementsSerum concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. We divided participants into quartiles according to 25(OH)D, and the ranges for increasing quartiles were as follows: (males [≥50 years]: 10.94‐31.85, 31.88‐43.01, 43.20‐56.06, 56.20‐143.0; males [<50 years]: 11.11‐34.68, 34.71‐46.91, 46.96‐59.45, 59.50‐143.7; females [≥50 years]: 7.21‐30.01, 30.02‐40.18, 40.21‐52.44, 52.49‐275.4; females [<50 years]: 5.29‐28.91, 28.92‐40.19, 40.20‐51.90, 51.91‐140.2). HGS was measured with a hydraulic hand‐held dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was employed to explore the relationship.ResultsAmong males aged above 50 years, the means (95% confidence interval) for HGS per body weight across the categories of serum 25(OH)D concentration were 0.523 (0.430‐0.638), 0.545 (0.447‐0.664), 0.543 (0.446‐0.661), 0.546 (0.449‐0.664) (Ptrend < 0.01) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. However, no relationships were observed between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HGS in males aged below 50 years and females in the whole age range.ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly related to HGS in males aged above 50 years, independent of confounding factors. Future studies are needed to clarify the age and sex relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HGS.
Implementation of a Strongyloides screening strategy in solid organ transplant donors and recipients
Authors: Camargo Jose F. , Simkins Jacques , Anjan Shweta , Guerra Giselle , Vianna Rodrigo , Salama Sam , Albright Carla , Shipman Elizabeth , Montoya Jose , Morris Michele I. , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundStrongyloides stercoralis infects 100 million people worldwide. Mortality rates in hyperinfection syndrome exceed 50%. Donor‐derived Strongyloides infection has occurred after heart, kidney, kidney‐pancreas and liver transplantation; yet, only 10% of the US organ procurement organizations currently screen donors for strongyloidiasis.MethodsWe report a fatal case of donor‐derived disseminated Strongyloides infection in a liver transplant recipient. Following this case, we implemented universal screening and treatment of donors and recipients. We reviewed our local epidemiology and outcomes after protocol implementation.ResultsFrom a total of 355 deceased donors accepted at our center between January 2016, and March 2018, 14 (3.9%) had positive Strongyloides serology. Except for the index case, all other recipients of Strongyloides antibody‐positive donors within that period (including 10 kidneys, 3 livers, one combined liver/kidney, and one kidney/pancreas from eight seropositive donors) received post‐transplant prophylaxis with ivermectin, and to date are alive and doing well without signs of infection. Between October 2015, and September 2016, a total of 441 deceased donor solid organ transplants were performed at our center. 220 of these recipients had pretransplant Strongyloides serology available, and 23 of them were seropositive (10.5%). Within the first two years after the implementation of universal screening and treatment of donors and recipients, we had no cases of Strongyloides reactivation in our center.ConclusionsImplementation of a Strongyloides screening and treatment protocol in our center was an effective strategy to prevent both recipient‐ and donor‐derived strongyloidiasis. Transplant centers should consider implementation of Strongyloides preventive strategies.
Screening coronary angiography in patients with long‐standing diabetes mellitus undergoing kidney transplant evaluation
Authors: Puttarajappa Chethan M. , Tevar Amit D. , Hariharan Sundaram , Silver Saul J. , Soman Prem , Hendrick Shelly , Mour Girish , Wu Christine M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of coronary angiography in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing kidney transplant evaluation is unclear. Predictors of critical angiography lesions in these patients will aid in appropriate use of angiography.MethodsSingle‐center study of 80 patients with ≥15 years of diabetes mellitus who underwent a screening coronary angiography despite a negative cardiac stress test. Risk factors for needing coronary intervention (CI) (percutaneous or bypass grafting) were analyzed.ResultsEighteen patients (23%) had a ≥70% occlusion in one or more major coronary vessel(s), with right coronary artery being the most commonly involved (71%). Fifteen patients (19%) underwent coronary intervention: ten percutaneously and five with bypass surgery. Risk factors for needing CI were not being on statin (OR 3.54, P = 0.047) and history of stroke or peripheral vascular disease (PVD; OR 3.5, P = 0.034). A model that included statin use, stroke/PVD history, and glycosylated hemoglobin had a receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve of 0.8 to predict CI.ConclusionDespite a negative stress test, the prevalence of critical coronary lesions was high among kidney transplant candidates with long‐standing diabetes. Risk factors for needing coronary intervention were absence of statin use and a history of stroke or peripheral vascular disease.
Multispecies invasion reduces the negative impact of single alien plant species on native flora
Authors: Lenda Magdalena , Skórka Piotr , Knops Johannes , Żmihorski Michał , Gaj Renata , Moroń Dawid , Woyciechowski Michał , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimIn the current Anthropocene, many ecosystems are being simultaneously invaded by multiple alien species. Some of these invasive species become more dominant and have greater environmental impacts than others. If two potentially dominant species invade the same area, the combined impact has been reported to be either (a) domination by one species, that is, the competitive dominance of one invader, or (b) invasion meltdown, where the combined impact is much greater, that is, a synergistic effect. We studied the effects of the invasion of two alien plant species that are known to strongly decrease native plant species diversity: the Persian walnut Juglans regiaand goldenrod Solidago canadensis.LocationWe examined native vegetation diversity in abandoned fields (in Poland) where neither species had invaded, only one species had invaded, and both species had invaded.MethodsField survey data were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and ordination techniques.ResultsWhen goldenrod invaded alone, it caused a larger decrease in species richness and cover (74%) than when walnut invaded alone (58%). When walnut and goldenrod co‐occurred in abandoned fields, walnut was dominant and strongly decreased goldenrod density by 87%. However, the combined impact on native species diversity was much lower (15% decrease in native plant diversity) than when either goldenrod or walnut invaded alone.Main conclusionsIn contrast to many other studies, our study does not support the occurrence of an invasion meltdown. Instead, our results show that even when one invader dominates, its negative effect on plant diversity can be strongly modified by the presence of another invasive species.
Upper limb impairments, process skills, and outcome in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Russo Remo N , Skuza Pawel P , Sandelance Myriam , Flett Peter 
Published: February 2019

AimTo examine the relationships between upper limb impairments and independence in self‐care (ISC) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodOne hundred and eight children with unilateral CP (46 females, 62 males; mean age 8y 7mo, SD 3y 9mo) recruited from a population register were assessed for upper limb muscle power, spasticity, sensation, motor control, and process skills, and for ISC as the functional outcome using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe model showed good fit indices and explained 90% of the variance in ISC. Direct effects were significant between manual ability and ISC (β=0.47), and process skills and ISC (β=0.63). Sensation had a significant positive indirect effect on ISC through manual ability (β=0.24) and a positive but marginally non‐significant indirect effect through process skills (β=0.21, bootstrapped 95% confidence interval −0.05 to 0.55). Spasticity had a significant negative indirect effect on ISC through its effect on manual ability (β=−0.21). Age had a significant positive indirect effect on ISC, as did intellect, through their effect on process skills (β=0.34 and 0.21 respectively).InterpretationISC is affected by upper limb impairments and process skill. Sensation influences ISC through its effects on manual and process skill abilities. Both sensation and process skills require further evaluation to assist ISC in children with unilateral CP.What this paper adds

Process skills and manual ability most strongly positively influence independence in self‐care (ISC) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Sensation influences ISC through manual ability and process skill.