bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on transient aerodynamic characteristics of windshield wipers of vehicles
Authors: Chen Zhen , Gu Zhenqqi , Jiang Tao 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the transient aerodynamic characteristics of moving windshield wipers. In addition, this paper also strives to illustrate and clarify how the wiper motion impacts the airflow structure; the aerodynamic interaction of two wipers is also discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
A standard vehicle model proposed by the Motor Industry Research Association and a pair of simplified bone wipers are introduced, and a dynamic mesh technique and user-defined functions are used to achieve the wiper motion. Finite volume methods and large eddy simulation (LES) are used to simulate the transient airflow field. The simulation results are validated through the wind tunnel test.

Findings
The results obtained from the study are presented graphically, and pressure, velocity distributions, airflow structures, aerodynamic drag and lift force are shown. Significant influences of wiper motion on airflow structures are achieved. The maximum value of aerodynamic lift and drag force exists when wipers are rotating and there is a certain change rule. The aerodynamic lift and drag force when wipers are rotating downward is greater than when wipers are rotating upward, and the force when rotating upward is greater than that when steady. The aerodynamic lift and drag forces of the driver-side wiper is greater than those of the passenger-side wiper.

Originality/value
The LES method in combination with dynamic mesh technique to study the transient aerodynamic characteristics of windshield wipers is relatively new.
Are restaurant customers ready for tablet-based menus?
Authors: Suarez Nataly , Berezina Katerina , Yang Wan , Gordon Susan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of innovation characteristics (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and perceived risk) and individual differences (inertia, technology anxiety, need for interaction and previous experience) on customer intentions to adopt tablet-based menus in various restaurants settings.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental design was used in this study to explore tablet-based menu acceptance intentions across three restaurant settings: quick-service, midscale and upscale. A total of 415 participants were randomly assigned to one of the three scenarios describing a dining experience. Each scenario placed participants in a restaurant setting where a tablet-based menu was a part of the guests’ dining experience.

Findings
The study results indicated that out of the four innovation characteristics, compatibility and relative advantage are strong predictors of adoption intention of tablet-based menus. Among customer individual differences, technology anxiety and need for interaction were not found to have a statistically significant impact on intentions to adopt tablet-based menus. It was also found that customers dining at quick-service and midscale restaurants are more likely to adopt tablet-based menus than customers dining at upscale restaurants.

Practical implications
Managers in quick-service and midscale restaurants may consider investing in tablet-based menus, as customers of these restaurant types demonstrate higher adoption intentions compared to the customers of upscale dining establishments. The results of this study suggest that upscale restaurants should plan carefully before switching to table-based menus.

Originality/value
The findings of this study may assist restaurant managers in recognizing the importance of customer acceptance of new technologies such as tablet-based menus, which will lead to informed decisions about implementing tablet-based menus in their establishments.
Crafting a legacy: investigating the retired athlete brand image
Authors: Taniyev Olzhas , Gordon Brian S. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper exploratory study is to decipher sport consumer associations and sentiments connected to the brand image of retired athletes.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 14 sport consumers, who demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of throwback branding tactics and expertise in athlete brand promotion, participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe findings indicate there are three prevalent themes across the present data (i.e. epoch epitome, athlete-team connection and off-the-field persona).Originality/valueWhile the proliferation of throwback merchandise and affinity for brands of retired athletes is evident, the internalization of associations related to retired athletes has escaped empirical investigation. Numerous questions concerning how specific facets of a retired athlete’s image (e.g. athletic skills or life off the field) activate nostalgic feelings, drive consumer loyalty and establish market permanence remain unanswered. The current study contributes to the understanding of the brand image of the retired athlete and the existing literature concerning athlete branding.
Is digitalization the only driver of convergence? Theorizing relations between libraries, archives, and museums
Authors: Rasmussen Casper Hvenegaard 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to theorize and discuss potential factors for convergence between libraries, archives and museums (LAMs).Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that criticizes existing research on the convergence between the LAMs for a lack of theoretical reflection and a sacralization of technology. Therefore, concepts such as convergent evolution, isomorphism, social fields and autonomy are used to analyze other potential factors for convergence.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that digitalization is not the only potential driver of convergence between the LAMs. Indeed, other changes in institutions’ environments, such as societal changes, shifts in cultural policy and increasingly common practices among cultural institutions can represent important drivers.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that this paper is primarily based on theoretical reflections, future research should empirically investigate the non-digital factors suggested for convergence.Originality/valueThe paper represents an attempt to detect a “blind spot” in existing research on convergences between the LAM institutions and to identify some potential paths for future research to follow.
Empirical research on mergers’ leverage dynamics and post-merger integration duration
Authors: Cheng Yao 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the post-merger integration duration on acquiring firms’ leverage behavior before and after a merger, using a dynamic model in which full merger benefits cannot be consumed at the instant of a merger, but rather after a pre-specified post-merger integration period.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a dynamic model and empirical tests that describe the impact of the post-merger integration period on the capital structure dynamics of the acquiring and target ﬁrms prior to a merger and during the post-merger integration period. By incorporating costs associated with the post-merger integration period, the model can provide new implications for the leverage behavior around the merger.

Findings
Empirical tests support the model implications by showing that the longer the expected post-merger integration process, the less likely the acquirer will structure the financing of the combined firm in a manner that increases firm leverage. Since integration takes time to complete, an acquirer tends to retain financial flexibility during the integration process by assuming lower levels of debt when determining the capital structure of the merged entity.

Originality/value
The model generates new implications related to acquiring firms’ leverage dynamics along with the method of payment choice. The analysis of the duration of the post-merger integration period extends both the theoretical and empirical literature that tacitly assumes that the merger-related synergy is realized immediately at the merger date. This is the first model in the literature that assumes that both the acquiring and the target firms can change their capital structure overtime, which allows us to analyze both the financing structure and the merger timing. Previous empirical studies also ignore the integration period in the analysis of the method of payment choice and leverage behavior around mergers. The model in this paper can be extended along a number of dimensions.
Content in the context of welfare configurations: a comparative institutional analysis of self-reporting on corporate social responsibility
Authors: Backlund Rambaree Brita 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine corporate social responsibility (CSR) content in the context of four differing national institutional arrangements for welfare. An analysis is presented on how self-reported CSR differs in content across two western welfare states (the UK and Sweden) and two emerging economies in southern Africa (South Africa and Mauritius).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a qualitative content analysis of the CSR self-reporting of 40 companies. This involved 10 of the largest companies incorporated in four countries, namely, Sweden, the UK, South Africa and Mauritius. The content is categorised into community involvement, socially responsible production and socially responsible employee relations. For each category, an analysis is provided of the reported issues (the question of what), the geographic focus of reported issues (the question of where) and ways of working with these issues (the question of how), as well as the extent of reporting and level of reporting (the question of how much).

Findings
The study shows that companies place focus on aspects, issues and localities in ways that differ between countries and can be understood in relation to current institutional arrangements for welfare. The content of self-reported CSR can be both complementing and mirroring the welfare arrangements. Differences in self-reported CSR agendas are particularly evident between the two western welfare states on the one hand and the two emerging economies on the other, as these represent two distinct contexts in terms of welfare arrangements.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to research on the institutional embeddedness of CSR in three ways: first, by going beyond measures of country differences in terms of extent of CSR to consider differences in CSR content; second, by focusing on the social aspects of CSR and placing these differences in relation to welfare configurations; and third, by contributing with empirical findings on how CSR content differs across national settings and across the established/emerging economy divide.
Skin microbiome differences relate to the grade of acne vulgaris
Authors: Li Chun‐xi , You Zhi‐xuan , Lin Yan‐xia , Liu Hai‐yue , Su Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe skin microbiome plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of acne. We aimed to investigate the facial skin microbiome of acne and microbiome differences related to different grades of acne. Skin swabs from nine healthy controls and 67 acne patients were collected, and the skin microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared with healthy controls, acne patients harbored significantly altered skin microbiomes. The skin microbiomes of patients with grade 1–3 acne were similar, but patients with grade 4 acne showed a significantly different skin microbiome compared with grade 1–3 acne, including increased alpha diversity and increased proportions of four Gram‐negative bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Klebsiella, Odoribacter and Bacteroides). In conclusion, acne patients harbored an altered skin microbiome, and more significant dysbiosis was found in patients with grade 4 acne (severe acne). Our findings may provide evidence for the pathogenic mechanisms of acne and microbial‐based strategies to avoid and treat acne, especially grade 4 acne.
Heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury
Authors: Kun Cao , Tao Luo , Leiyuan Hu , Yunhao Fang , Ning Wu , Zhe Liu , Yuanyuan Chen , Xiao Lei , Hongran Qin , Jianming Cai , Fu Gao , Yanyong Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRadiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication in thoracic tumour radiotherapy. It often occurs in clinical chest radiotherapy and acute whole‐body irradiation (WBI) caused by nuclear accidents or nuclear weapon attack. Some radioprotective agents have been reported to exert protective effects when given prior to radiation exposure, however, there is no treatment strategy available for preventing RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST), a co‐agonist of Toll‐like receptors 2 (TLR2), Toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) and Toll‐like receptors 5 (TLR5), mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury through the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathway. We found that HKST alleviated lung hyperaemia and pathological damage after irradiation, indicated that HKST inhibits the early inflammatory reaction of radiation‐induced lung injury. Then, for the first time, we observed HKST reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation in the later phase (7‐14 week) of RILI, and we found that HKST inhibited radiation‐induced cell apoptosis in lung tissues. We found that HKST reduced the level of TGF‐β and regulated its downstream signalling pathway. Finally, it was found that HKST inhibited radiation‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung tissues. In conclusion, our data showed that HKST effectively mitigated RILI through regulating TGF‐β, provide novel treatment strategy for RILI in whole‐body irradiation and radiotherapy.
Water, power, and refusal: confronting evasive accountability in a Palestinian village
Authors: McKee Emily 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article interprets the meanings and motivations of refusal to pay water bills within a context of fragmented sovereignty. Residents of a village in the occupied Palestinian West Bank call for solutions to water shortages and failed infrastructure, but do so amidst capricious power, where would‐be sovereigns evade accountability. Lacking avenues for direct engagement with authorities, residents speak in generalized ethical terms of their legitimate water claims, and they resort to bill refusal. Setting villagers’ bill refusals within the broader set of interactions between would‐be sovereigns and subjects, this article contributes to anthropological scholarship on refusal by demonstrating how it can be a way of not only dismantling state power, but also summoning a responsible sovereign. Furthermore, it highlights how common dilemmas faced by refusers – dismissal and co‐optation – can be exacerbated by the same evasive accountability against which they protest.
The trade in human liver lobes: bioviolence against organ sellers in Bangladesh
Authors: Moniruzzaman Monir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid growth in organ transplantation has created an illicit trade in human organs. The kidney trade has flourished in the last few decades, but in the last few years this has been coupled with an emerging liver trade. This article examines the liver trade sourced from poor sellers in Bangladesh. Through ethnographic fieldwork, I investigate how a landless farmer and a village housewife both sell their liver lobes on the black market, and how the recipients undergo liver transplants in Bangladesh and India. I reveal that liver selling, like kidney selling, is primarily driven by the sellers’ debt. What is surprising, though, in this anthropological analysis is that microcredit, a Nobel Prize‐winning economic operation, has negatively contributed to organ selling in Bangladesh. I discover that the liver trade leads to tragic outcomes for both sellers and recipients: the sellers could not repay their loans by selling a liver lobe, while one of the recipients died just over a month after the surgery. I therefore argue that liver trade is advancing through a series of disturbing ironies, resulting in bioviolence, exploitation, and suffering for the vulnerable victims.
Teacher attitudes towards the inclusion of students with support needs
Authors: Saloviita Timo 
Published: July 2019

Teachers’ positive attitudes towards inclusive education are a prerequisite for its successful implementation. This study surveyed the attitudes of Finnish classroom, subject, resource room and special education class teachers (N = 4567) towards inclusive education. The results indicated very low support for the concept. Its acceptance was strongly associated with the specific teacher categories and the concern that inclusive placements would cause extra work for teachers. Teachers who were confident in their support networks and had sufficient access to educational resources, such as an in‐classroom teaching assistant, were more positive towards inclusion than other teachers. Attitudinal variables, including self‐efficacy and child‐centredness, and demographic variables, including age and gender, were also associated with attitudes towards inclusion. It is argued that vicious circle exists between resources and teacher attitudes. The negative climate towards inclusion prevents the legislation that would guarantee adequate resources for mainstream teachers who have students with support needs in their classrooms. The lack of legal guarantees, in turn, prevents negative teacher attitudes towards inclusive education from changing. Although the overall progress in inclusive education is tied to the development of cultural values, the promise of more inclusion in schools goes hand‐in‐hand with the availability of adequate resources.
Hydrocarbon and Fatty Acid Composition from Blowfly Eggs Represents a Potential Complementary Taxonomic Tool of Forensic Importance,
Authors: Lunas Belisa M. , de Paula Michele C. , Michelutti Kamylla B. , Lima‐Junior Sidnei E. , Antonialli‐Junior William F. , Cardoso Claudia A. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the most important contributions of forensic entomology is to assist criminal expertise to determine the postmortem interval, which depends on the duration of the immature stages of insects of forensic interest. On the other hand, the time of development of the different stages varies according to the species; therefore, its identification is essential. Currently, few studies have investigated the use of cuticular hydrocarbons, and none regarding fatty acids, as complementary taxonomic tools to expedite species identification. Therefore, we evaluated whether cuticular hydrocarbons together with fatty acids of eggs of flies of the family Calliphoridae, main group of forensic interest, can be used to distinguish species. The analyses were performed by chromatographic techniques. The results show that there are significant differences between the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons and fatty acids between species and, therefore, they can be used to provide a complementary taxonomic tool to expedite the forensic expertise.
In Vitro Evaluation of Resistance and Warming Performance of a Small Blood Warmer on a Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Circuit
Authors: Roy Jean‐Philippe , Reagor James , Klein Tom , Morgan Jolyn , Palazzolo Alisa , Ratcliff Joseph , Goldstein Stuart L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChildren on extracorporeal devices are at increased risk of hypothermia and require circuits with lower extracorporeal volume to avoid blood priming. We performed an in vitro study of the enFlow blood warmer to assess its warming performance and impact on circuit resistance at a high blood flow rate. The enFlow was added on the return line of a continuous renal replacement therapy circuit in a closed circuit primed with expired packed red blood cells (40% Hct). Return venous pressure and temperature pre‐ and post‐ both enFlow and Prismaflo II were measured at varying blood flow with different combination of the two blood warmers. Each variable was recorded eight times over 2 min. Return venous pressure was higher with the enFlow but was still within clinically usable range (127.5 ± 4.6 vs. 45.3 ± 1.4 mm Hg at 200 mL/min, P < 0.05). The enFlow was able to achieve post‐warmer temperature between 34.1 and 35.2°C even at 200 mL/min with blood, lower than what was observed with crystalloid, but still more effective than the Prismaflo II (P < 0.05 vs. enFlow post‐warmer temperature) achieving between 32.8 and 34.0°C. Combining both warmers achieved a higher post‐warmer temperature between 35.1 and 36.5°C. The enFlow can warm blood at high flow rates with minimal extracorporeal volume increase (~5 mL) and improve hypothermia prevention but may have resistance issues at the highest flows. The use of this device could benefit pediatric practice where smaller extracorporeal volumes are needed and patients are at increased risk of hypothermia.
Safety of Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy for Renal Function in Post‐Kidney Transplant Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus and a 100% 12‐Week Sustained Virologic Response: A Single‐Center Study
Authors: Kawagishi Naoki , Nakamura Atsushi , Takayama Tetsuro , Haga Izumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTreatment of chronic hepatitis C infection after renal transplantation has been controversial due to the high rate of graft rejections with interferon (IFN)‐based therapies. The aim of this study is to review our experience of direct acting antiviral therapy for the recipients of renal transplantation. Eleven recipients who were hepatitis C virus‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive were eligible for the treatment with direct acting antivirals. Six recipients were treated with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, three were treated with elbasvir and grazoprevir, and one was treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks. One recipient was treated with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 8 weeks. All of the 11 recipients exhibited sustained virologic response at week 12 after the end of treatment. Adverse events were scarce including the two recipients who switched to tacrolimus from cyclosporine at the beginning of the treatment. The direct acting antiviral therapy including new agents appears to be safe and highly efficacious for the recipients after renal transplantation.
Aquatic microbial diversity associated with faecal pollution of Norwegian waterbodies characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon deep sequencing
Authors: Paruch Lisa , Paruch Adam M. , Eiken Hans Geir , Sørheim Roald 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFaecal contamination is one of the major factors affecting biological water quality. In this study, we investigated microbial taxonomic diversity of faecally polluted lotic ecosystems in Norway. These ecosystems comprise tributaries of drinking water reservoirs with moderate and high faecal contamination levels, an urban creek exposed to extremely high faecal pollution and a rural creek that was the least faecally polluted. The faecal water contamination had both anthropogenic and zoogenic origins identified through quantitative microbial source tracking applying host‐specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic markers. The microbial community composition revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (70–90% relative abundance) were the most dominant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, especially in waters exposed to anthropogenic faecal contamination. The core archaeal community consisted of Parvarchaeota (mainly in the tributaries of drinking water reservoirs) and Crenarchaeota (in the rural creek). The aquatic microbial diversity was substantially reduced in water with severe faecal contamination. In addition, the community compositions diverge between waters with dominant anthropogenic or zoogenic pollution origins. These findings present novel interpretations of the effect of anthropo‐zoogenic faecal water contamination on microbial diversity in lotic ecosystems.