bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong negative nonlinear friction from induced two-phonon processes in vibrational systems
Authors: Dong X. , Dykman M. I. , Chan H. B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSelf-sustained vibrations in systems ranging from lasers to clocks to biological systems are often associated with the coefficient of linear friction, which relates the friction force to the velocity, becoming negative. The runaway of the vibration amplitude is prevented by positive nonlinear friction that increases rapidly with the amplitude. Here we use a modulated electromechanical resonator to show that nonlinear friction can be made negative and sufficiently strong to overcome positive linear friction at large vibration amplitudes. The experiment involves applying a drive that simultaneously excites two phonons of the studied mode and a phonon of a faster decaying high-frequency mode. We study generic features of the oscillator dynamics with negative nonlinear friction. Remarkably, self-sustained vibrations of the oscillator require activation in this case. When, in addition, a resonant force is applied, a branch of large-amplitude forced vibrations can emerge, isolated from the branch of the ordinary small-amplitude response.
Learning auditory discriminations from observation is efficient but less robust than learning from experience
Authors: Narula Gagan , Herbst Joshua A. , Rychen Joerg , Hahnloser Richard H. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSocial learning enables complex societies. However, it is largely unknown how insights obtained from observation compare with insights gained from trial-and-error, in particular in terms of their robustness. Here, we use aversive reinforcement to train “experimenter” zebra finches to discriminate between auditory stimuli in the presence of an “observer” finch. We show that experimenters are slow to successfully discriminate the stimuli, but immediately generalize their ability to a new set of similar stimuli. By contrast, observers subjected to the same task are able to discriminate the initial stimulus set, but require more time for successful generalization. Drawing on concepts from machine learning, we suggest that observer learning has evolved to rapidly absorb sensory statistics without pressure to minimize neural resources, whereas learning from experience is endowed with a form of regularization that enables robust inference.
Apparent bias toward long gene misregulation in MeCP2 syndromes disappears after controlling for baseline variations
Authors: Raman Ayush T. , Pohodich Amy E. , Wan Ying-Wooi , Yalamanchili Hari Krishna , Lowry William E. , Zoghbi Huda Y. , Liu Zhandong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that genes longer than 100 kb are more likely to be misregulated in neurological diseases associated with synaptic dysfunction, such as autism and Rett syndrome. These length-dependent transcriptional changes are modest in MeCP2-mutant samples, but, given the low sensitivity of high-throughput transcriptome profiling technology, here we re-evaluate the statistical significance of these results. We find that the apparent length-dependent trends previously observed in MeCP2 microarray and RNA-sequencing datasets disappear after estimating baseline variability from randomized control samples. This is particularly true for genes with low fold changes. We find no bias with NanoString technology, so this long gene bias seems to be particular to polymerase chain reaction amplification-based platforms. In contrast, authentic long gene effects, such as those caused by topoisomerase inhibition, can be detected even after adjustment for baseline variability. We conclude that accurate characterization of length-dependent (or other) trends requires establishing a baseline from randomized control samples.
Post-eruptive mobility of lithium in volcanic rocks
Authors: Ellis B. S. , Szymanowski D. , Magna T. , Neukampf J. , Dohmen R. , Bachmann O. , Ulmer P. , Guillong M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo reflect magmatic conditions, volcanic rocks must retain their compositions through eruption and post-eruptive cooling. Mostly, this is the case. However, welded ignimbrites from the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain magmatic province reveal systematic modification of the lithium (Li) inventory by post-eruptive processes. Here we show that phenocrysts from slowly cooled microcrystalline ignimbrite interiors consistently have significantly more Li than their rapidly quenched, glassy, counterparts. The strong association with host lithology and the invariance of other trace elements indicate that Li remains mobile long after eruption and readily passes into phenocrysts via diffusion as groundmass crystallisation increases the Li contents of the last remaining melts. Li isotopic measurements reveal that this diffusion during cooling combined with efficient degassing on the surface may significantly affect the Li inventory and isotopic compositions of volcanic rocks. Utilisation of Li for petrogenetic studies is therefore crucially dependent on the ability to ‘see through’ such post-eruptive processes.
Revealing the mechanism for covalent inhibition of glycoside hydrolases by carbasugars at an atomic level
Authors: Ren Weiwu , Pengelly Robert , Farren-Dai Marco , Shamsi Kazem Abadi Saeideh , Oehler Verena , Akintola Oluwafemi , Draper Jason , Meanwell Michael , Chakladar Saswati , Świderek Katarzyna , Moliner Vicent , Britton Robert , Gloster Tracey M. , Bennet Andrew J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMechanism-based glycoside hydrolase inhibitors are carbohydrate analogs that mimic the natural substrate’s structure. Their covalent bond formation with the glycoside hydrolase makes these compounds excellent tools for chemical biology and potential drug candidates. Here we report the synthesis of cyclohexene-based α-galactopyranoside mimics and the kinetic and structural characterization of their inhibitory activity toward an α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGalA). By solving the structures of several enzyme-bound species during mechanism-based covalent inhibition of TmGalA, we show that the Michaelis complexes for intact inhibitor and product have half-chair (2H3) conformations for the cyclohexene fragment, while the covalently linked intermediate adopts a flattened half-chair (2H3) conformation. Hybrid QM/MM calculations confirm the structural and electronic properties of the enzyme-bound species and provide insight into key interactions in the enzyme-active site. These insights should stimulate the design of mechanism-based glycoside hydrolase inhibitors with tailored chemical properties.
Otorhinolaryngological profile and surgical intervention in patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Bao Shiping , Shao Shan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the diagnosis and surgical management of head and neck conditions in patients with HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to characterize the otorhinolaryngological (ORL) profiles, surgical interventions and outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS. This retrospective study included patients with HIV/AIDS who underwent head and neck surgeries at You’an Hospital from November 2009 to February 2017. Patients’ ages, ORL diagnoses and surgical interventions for all ORL surgeries were recorded. We identified 57 ORL surgeries in 52 patients during this time. The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 12.8 years, with a predominance of male patients (90.4%). The three most common surgical diagnoses were chronic tonsillitis (19.3%), followed by chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (14.0%) and vocal polyps (8.8%). The three most common surgeries performed were tonsillectomy (19.3%), endoscopic sinus surgery + radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinate (14.0%) and vocal cord polypectomy (8.8%). No mortality occurred in the 30 days after surgery, but 2 patients (3.8%) developed post-operative surgical site infections (SSI). These findings provide information on ORL manifestations and surgical interventions in patients with HIV/AIDS and may assist in the achievement of the most appropriate treatments for this patient population.
Evaluation of Skin Hardness as a Physiological Sign of Human Thermal Status
Authors: Yoon Sunghyun , Sim Jai Kyoung , Park Noeul , Cho Young-Ho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis is the first ever proposal to use skin hardness as a physiological sign by which to estimate human thermal status and to verify its effectiveness and independence in relation to the two conventional signs: skin temperature and skin conductance. We propose a novel TSV model adding skin hardness to the conventional TSV model for better estimation of human thermal status with higher accuracy and lower error. We survey individual thermal sensation from 30 subjects under four different thermal conditions (normal, warm, hot, and cold); while measuring skin hardness along with the two conventional physiological signs. The novel model for estimation of thermal status from all three signs increases R2 by 17.4% and decreases error by 23.5%, compared to the conventional model using two signs. The novel TSV model has potential for applications to human-machine interaction systems for better estimation of human thermal status.
Genome-wide identification of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family in pepper, its characterisation, and comprehensive expression profiling under environmental and phytohormones stress
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Ahmad Fiaz , Habib Sidra , Li Zhengguo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAuxin is an essential phytohormone that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants in stressful environments. Here, we analysed the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family, which produces auxin in pepper, and succeeded in identifying 27 putative members containing four conserved domains (I. II. III and IV) in their protein sequences. Sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping and motif prediction of all identified CaAux/IAA genes were performed. It was observed that these genes contained four conserved motifs divided into nine different groups and distributed across nine chromosomes in pepper plants. RNA-seq analysis revealed the organ specific expression of many CaAux/IAA genes. However, the majority of genes were expressed with high expression levels in the early stages of fruit development. However, the maximum expression level of the CA03g34540 gene was observed in the breaker stage. Moreover, thirteen CaAux/IAA genes were labelled as early responsive genes to various phytohormone and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis in response to pathogen inoculation (PepMoV, TMV strains P0/P1, and Phytophthora capsici) showed distinct expression profiles of all identified genes, suggesting the diverse expression nature of genes under these stress conditions. Overall, this study provides insight into the dynamic response of CaAux/IAA genes under environmental and phytohormones stress conditions, providing bases to further explore the importance of these genes through mutant/transgenic analysis in pepper.
In situ transcriptome characteristics are lost following culture adaptation of adult cardiac stem cells
Authors: Kim Taeyong , Echeagaray Oscar H. , Wang Bingyan J. , Casillas Alexandria , Broughton Kathleen M. , Kim Bong-Hyun , Sussman Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRegenerative therapeutic approaches for myocardial diseases often involve delivery of stem cells expanded ex vivo. Prior studies indicate that cell culture conditions affect functional and phenotypic characteristics, but relationship(s) of cultured cells derived from freshly isolated populations and the heterogeneity of the cultured population remain poorly defined. Functional and phenotypic characteristics of ex vivo expanded cells will determine outcomes of interventional treatment for disease, necessitating characterization of the impact that ex vivo expansion has upon isolated stem cell populations. Single-cell RNA-Seq profiling (scRNA-Seq) was performed to determine consequences of culture expansion upon adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) as well as relationships with other cell populations. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that identity marker genes expressed in freshly isolated cells become undetectable in cultured CPCs while low level expression emerges for thousands of other genes. Transcriptional profile of CPCs exhibited greater degree of similarity throughout the cultured population relative to freshly isolated cells. Findings were validated by comparative analyses using scRNA-Seq datasets of various cell types generated by multiple scRNA-Seq technology. Increased transcriptome diversity and decreased population heterogeneity in the cultured cell population may help account for reported outcomes associated with experimental and clinical use of CPCs for treatment of myocardial injury.
Circulating glucose levels inversely correlate with Drosophila larval feeding through insulin signaling and SLC5A11
Authors: Ugrankar Rupali , Theodoropoulos Pano , Akdemir Fatih , Henne W. Mike , Graff Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn mammals, blood glucose levels likely play a role in appetite regulation yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain opaque. Mechanisms can often be explored from Drosophila genetic approaches. To determine if circulating sugars might be involved in Drosophila feeding behaviors, we scored hemolymph glucose and trehalose, and food ingestion in larvae subjected to various diets, genetic mutations, or RNAi. We found that larvae with glucose elevations, hyperglycemia, have an aversion to feeding; however, trehalose levels do not track with feeding behavior. We further discovered that insulins and SLC5A11 may participate in glucose-regulated feeding. To see if food aversion might be an appropriate screening method for hyperglycemia candidates, we developed a food aversion screen to score larvae with abnormal feeding for glucose. We found that many feeding defective larvae have glucose elevations. These findings highlight intriguing roles for glucose in fly biology as a potential cue and regulator of appetite.
Digital holography of optically-trapped aerosol particles
Authors: David Grégory , Esat Kιvanç , Thanopulos Ioannis , Signorell Ruth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany processes taking place in atmospheric aerosol particles are accompanied by changes in the particles’ morphology (size and shape), with potentially significant impact on weather and climate. However, the characterization of dynamic information on particle morphology and position over multiple time scales from microseconds to days under atmospherically relevant conditions has proven very challenging. Here we introduce holographic imaging of unsupported aerosol particles in air that are spatially confined by optical traps. Optical trapping in air allows contact-free observation of aerosol particles under relevant conditions and provides access to extended observation times, while the digital in-line holographic microscope provides six-dimensional spatial maps of particle positions and orientations with maximum spatial resolution in the sub-micron range and a temporal resolution of 240 μs. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach for a few examples and discuss its prospects for future aerosol studies, including the study of complex, multi-step phase transitions.
Complexity analysis of flexible transmitter digital signal processing for terabit (40 × 50G) four‐level pulse amplitude modulation transmission
Authors: Ranzini S.M. , Rossi S.M. , Figueiredo R.C. , Franz L.V. , Chiuchiarelli A. 
Published: August 2018

The authors propose a transmitter digital filter for joint optimisation of signal pulse shaping and chromatic dispersion pre‐compensation, providing a detailed analysis of the architecture complexity. Experimental transmission of 40 × 50G channels (28 Gbaud four‐level pulse amplitude modulation) over up to 110 km uncompensated standard single mode fibre with low‐bandwidth hardware is demonstrated.
AMC loaded folded dipole with heart‐shaped radiation pattern
Authors: Mostafa M.M. , Abuelfadl T.M. , Safwat A.M.E. 
Published: August 2018

This Letter presents a novel pseudo‐omnidirectional antenna that is appropriate for wide beam applications, e.g. handheld devices, along with a reduced back radiation that suits wearable applications as well. The design consists of a horizontal omnidirectional antenna placed on a proposed artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface that enhances the gain in the broadside direction, reduces the back radiation, and enables good radiation in the side directions. A 5 GHz folded dipole on a 2 × 2 AMC array surface is designed and characterised. Simulations and measurements, which are in a very good agreement, show that the radiation has a heart‐shaped pattern, with a front to back ratio of >13 dB, a front to side ratio of <2.5 dB, and a half‐power beam width of >230°.
Nonthermal emission from high-mass microquasar jets affected by orbital motion
Authors: Molina E. , Bosch-Ramon V. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The stellar wind in high-mass microquasars should interact with the jet. This interaction, coupled with orbital motion, is expected to make the jet follow a helical, nonballistic trajectory. The jet energy dissipated by this interaction, through shocks for example, could lead to nonthermal activity on scales significantly larger than the system size.Aims. We calculate the broadband emission from a jet affected by the impact of the stellar wind and orbital motion in a high-mass microquasar.Methods. We employ a prescription for the helical trajectory of a jet in a system with a circular orbit. Subsequently, assuming electron acceleration at the onset of the helical jet region, we compute the spatial and energy distribution of these electrons, and their synchrotron and inverse Compton emission including gamma-ray absorption effects.Results. For typical source parameters, significant radio, X- and gamma-ray luminosities are predicted. The scales on which the emission is produced may reduce, but not erase, orbital variability of the inverse Compton emission. The wind and orbital effects on the radio emission morphology could be studied using very long baseline interferometric techniques.Conclusions. We predict significant broadband emission, modulated by orbital motion, from a helical jet in a high-mass microquasar. This emission may be hard to disentangle from radiation of the binary itself, although the light curve features, extended radio emission, and a moderate opacity to very high-energy gamma rays, could help to identify the contribution from an extended (helical) jet region.
Gicht und Calciumpyrophosphat-Dihydrat-Arthropathie („Pseudogicht“) – ein Update
Authors: Reuss-Borst Monika , Tausche Anne-Kathrin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe metabolic diseases gout and calciumpyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) (formerly: chondrocalcinosis/pseudogout) are crystal arthropathies which are caused by crystals in synovial fluid and in the case of gout also in periarticular structures. Today, in particular gout is considered as an auto-inflammatory process since phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals by monocytes/macrophages results in the activation of the innate immune system by activation of the NRLP3-Inflammasome and consecutive secretion of the key cytokine interleukin-1ß and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. The prevalence of both crystal arthropathies rises with increasing age of patients. Most often they present clinically as an acute monarthritis of different locations. Beside typical clinical presentation, performance of ultrasonography, conventional X-Ray of joints and under special circumstances dual-energy-computer tomography could be also helpful diagnostic tools. There are EULAR guidelines describing the diagnostic algorithm for making right diagnosis. The arthrocentesis with microscopic detection of crystals is established diagnostic gold standard. Whereas crystals of monosodium urate could be very clearly be seen as relatively large intra- and extracellular needles with a strong birefringence in polarized light microscopy the detection of CPPD-crystals is more difficult. Those crystals are much smaller, showing weaker birefringence and are sometimes only seen with ordinary light microscopy. As both crystal diseases are mediated by IL-1 driven processes, the therapeutic intervention first target the acute inflammation consisting in colchicine, NSAIDs and glucocorticoids. Secondarily, in gout there are well established causal therapies to lower effectively serum urate levels below the target of 6 mg/dL (360 µmol/l). Unfortunately, those causal therapeutic options are still lacking in CPPD.
Vom Aktionsprogramm über die Bundesinitiative zur Bundesstiftung Frühe Hilfen
Authors: Paul Mechthild , Backes Jörg , Renner Ilona , Scharmanski Sara 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit der Akteure in den Frühen Hilfen ist zentral für die Entwicklung von Kindern. Familienhebammen und Familien-Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflegenden
kümmern sich seit mehr als zehn Jahren insbesondere darum, Familien dabei unterstützen, ihren Kindern einen guten Start ins Leben zu ermöglichen.
Synthesis, Antioxidant and In-Silico Studies of Potent Urease Inhibitors: N-(4-{[(4-Methoxyphenethyl)-(substituted)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)acetamides
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad , Raza Hussain , Rehman Aziz , Siddiqui Sahahat , Nazir Majid , Mumtaz Ayesha , Shah Syed , Seo Sung-Yum , Hassan Mubashir 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, a new series of sulfonamides derivatives was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on DPPH and jack bean urease were evaluated. The in silico studies were also applied to ascertain the interactions of these molecules with active site of the enzyme. Synthesis was initiated by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (1) with 4-(acetylamino)benzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in aqueous sodium carbonate at pH 9. Precipitates collected were washed and dried to obtain the parent molecule, N-(4-{[(4-methoxyphenethyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)acetamide (3). Then, this parent was reacted with different alkyl/aralkyl halides, (4a-m), using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and LiH as an activator to produce a series of new N-(4-{[(4-methoxyphenethyl)-(substituted)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)acetamides (5a-m). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHN analysis data. All of the synthesized compounds showed higher urease inhibitory activity than the standard thiourea. The compound 5 f exhibited very excellent enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.0171±0.0070 µM relative to standard thiourea having IC50 value of 4.7455±0.0546 µM. Molecular docking studies suggested that ligands have good binding energy values and bind within the active region of taget protein. Chemo-informatics properties were evaluated by computational approaches and it was found that synthesized compounds mostly obeyed the Lipinski’ rule.