bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific high affinity interaction of Helicobacter pylori CagL with integrin αVβ6 promotes type IV secretion of CagA into human cells
Authors: Buß Maren , Tegtmeyer Nicole , Schnieder Jennifer , Dong Xianchi , Li Jing , Springer Timothy A. , Backert Steffen , Niemann Hartmut H. 
Published: June 2019

CagL is an essential pilus surface component of the virulence‐associated type IV secretion system (T4SS) employed by Helicobacter pylori to translocate the oncogenic effector protein CagA into human gastric epithelial cells. CagL contains an RGD motif and integrin α5β1 is widely accepted as its host cell receptor. Here, we show that CagL binds integrin αVβ6 with substantially higher affinity and that this interaction is functionally important. Cell surface expression of αVβ6 on various cell lines correlated perfectly with cell adhesion to immobilized CagL and with binding of soluble CagL to cells. We found no such correlation for α5β1. The purified αVβ6 ectodomain bound CagL with high affinity. This interaction was highly specific, as the affinity of CagL for other RGD‐binding integrins was two to three orders of magnitude weaker. Mutation of either conserved leucine in the CagL RGDLXXL motif, a motif that generally confers specificity for integrin αVβ6 and αVβ8, lowered the affinity of CagL for αVβ6. Stable expression of αVβ6 in αVβ6‐negative but α5β1‐expressing human cells promoted two hallmarks of the functional H. pylori T4SS, namely translocation of CagA into host cells and induction of interleukin‐8 secretion by host cells. These findings suggest that integrin αVβ6, although not essential for T4SS function, represents an important host cell receptor for CagL.
Terrestrial gross primary production: Using NIRV to scale from site to globe
Authors: Badgley Grayson , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Berry Joseph A. , Field Christopher B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTerrestrial photosynthesis is the largest and one of the most uncertain fluxes in the global carbon cycle. We find that near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV), a remotely sensed measure of canopy structure, accurately predicts photosynthesis at FLUXNET validation sites at monthly to annual timescales (R2 = 0.68), without the need for difficult to acquire information about environmental factors that constrain photosynthesis at short timescales. Scaling the relationship between gross primary production (GPP) and NIRV from FLUXNET eddy covariance sites, we estimate global annual terrestrial photosynthesis to be 147 Pg C/year (95% credible interval 131–163 Pg C/year), which falls between bottom‐up GPP estimates and the top‐down global constraint on GPP from oxygen isotopes. NIRV‐derived estimates of GPP are systematically higher than existing bottom‐up estimates, especially throughout the midlatitudes. Progress in improving estimated GPP from NIRV can come from improved cloud screening in satellite data and increased resolution of vegetation characteristics, especially details about plant photosynthetic pathway.
Ocean acidification refugia in variable environments
Authors: Kapsenberg Lydia , Cyronak Tyler 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change refugia in the terrestrial biosphere are areas where species are protected from global environmental change and arise from natural heterogeneity in landscapes and climate. Within the marine realm, ocean acidification, or the global decline in seawater pH, remains a pervasive threat to organisms and ecosystems. Natural variability in seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) chemistry, however, presents an opportunity to identify ocean acidification refugia (OAR) for marine species. Here, we review the literature to examine the impacts of variable CO2 chemistry on biological responses to ocean acidification and develop a framework of definitions and criteria that connects current OAR research to management goals. Under the concept of managing vulnerability, the most likely mechanisms by which OAR can mitigate ocean acidification impacts are by reducing exposure to harmful conditions or enhancing adaptive capacity. While local management options, such as OAR, show some promise, they present unique challenges, and reducing global anthropogenic CO2 emissions must remain a priority.
Maximum carbon uptake rate dominates the interannual variability of global net ecosystem exchange
Authors: Fu Zheng , Stoy Paul C. , Poulter Benjamin , Gerken Tobias , Zhang Zhen , Wakbulcho Guta , Niu Shuli 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems contribute most of the interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, but processes driving the IAV of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) remain elusive. For a predictive understanding of the global C cycle, it is imperative to identify indicators associated with ecological processes that determine the IAV of NEE. Here, we decompose the annual NEE of global terrestrial ecosystems into their phenological and physiological components, namely maximum carbon uptake (MCU) and release (MCR), the carbon uptake period (CUP), and two parameters, α and β, that describe the ratio between actual versus hypothetical maximum C sink and source, respectively. Using long‐term observed NEE from 66 eddy covariance sites and global products derived from FLUXNET observations, we found that the IAV of NEE is determined predominately by MCU at the global scale, which explains 48% of the IAV of NEE on average while α, CUP, β, and MCR explain 14%, 25%, 2%, and 8%, respectively. These patterns differ in water‐limited ecosystems versus temperature‐ and radiation‐limited ecosystems; 31% of the IAV of NEE is determined by the IAV of CUP in water‐limited ecosystems, and 60% of the IAV of NEE is determined by the IAV of MCU in temperature‐ and radiation‐limited ecosystems. The Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena (LPJ) model and the Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Inter‐comparison Project (MsTMIP) models underestimate the contribution of MCU to the IAV of NEE by about 18% on average, and overestimate the contribution of CUP by about 25%. This study provides a new perspective on the proximate causes of the IAV of NEE, which suggest that capturing the variability of MCU is critical for modeling the IAV of NEE across most of the global land surface.
A global synthesis of fire effects on pollinators
Authors: Carbone Lucas M. , Tavella Julia , Pausas Juli G. , Aguilar Ramiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding fire effects on pollinators is critical in the context of fire regime changes and the global pollination crisis. Through a systematic and quantitative review of the literature, we provide the first global assessment of pollinator responses to fire. We hypothesize that pollinators increase after fire and during the early postfire succession stages; however, high fire frequency has the opposite effect, decreasing pollinators.LocationTerrestrial ecosystems, excluding Antarctica.Time periodData collected from 1973 to 2017.Major taxa studiedInsects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera) and a few bird species.MethodsWe first compiled available studies across the globe that assessed fire effects on pollinator communities. Then, by means of hierarchical meta‐analyses, we evaluated how different fire regime parameters (fire frequency, postfire time and fire type) and habitat characteristics affect the abundance and richness of animals that act as pollinators. We also explored to what extent the responses vary among taxa groups and life history traits of pollinators (sociality system, nest location and feeding specialization), and among biomes.ResultsThe overall effect size of fire on pollinator abundance and richness across all studies was positive. Fire effect was especially clear and significant in early postfire communities, after wildfires, and for Hymenoptera. Taxonomic resolution influenced fire effects, where only studies at the species/genus and family levels showed significant effects. The main exceptions were recurrent fires that showed a negative effect, and especially wildfire effects on Lepidoptera abundance that showed a significant negative response.Main conclusionsPollinators tend to be promoted after a wildfire event. However, short fire intervals may threat pollinators, and especially lepidopterans. Given the current fire regime changes at the global scale, it is imperative to monitor postfire pollinators across many ecosystems, as our results suggest that fire regime is critical in determining the dynamics of pollinator communities.
Reference range of clinical blood tests in physically independent patients of advanced age with groin hernia in a Japanese hospital
Authors: Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Tazawa Kenichi 
Published: June 2019

AimThe present study was carried out to determine the reference ranges of 43 frequently used blood tests in daily practice for physically independent patients of advanced age.MethodsWe identified all patients aged ≥20 years who underwent groin hernia repair at Itoigawa General Hospital in Niigata, Japan. The patients’ characteristics, preoperative data and prescribed medications were obtained by reviewing the electronic medical records.ResultsOf 284 patients, 266 with independence in activities of daily life were included in the present study: 72 were assigned to the younger adult group (age 20–64 years), 86 were assigned to the older adult group (age 65–74 years) and 108 were assigned to the advanced age group (age ≥75 years). Patients in the advanced age group had a lower body mass index, less alcohol consumption, more hypertension, lower respiratory function and higher frequency of multidrug therapy. The multiple regression analysis showed significant differences in albumin, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid, triglyceride, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and peripheral blood cell counts between the advanced age group and the other two age groups.ConclusionsWe identified age‐dependent changes in several blood tests among physically independent adults. These results will help to guide accurate interpretation of laboratory results and properly manage patients in geriatric medicine. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 780–785.
‘Just stuff yourself’: Identifying health‐promotion strategies from the perspectives of adolescent boys from disadvantaged neighbourhoods
Authors: Lems Eva , Hilverda Femke , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. , Dedding Christine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has risen dramatically in the last decade, disproportionally affecting adolescents from disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Adolescent boys from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are hard to reach for health promotion.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand perceptions of health and health‐promotion strategies among adolescent boys from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in order to identify opportunities for health promotion that are better tailored to their needs.MethodsA qualitative, participatory research approach was used. Sixty‐three adolescent boys (aged 12‐18) were recruited from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Semi‐structured interviews, participant observations and co‐creation sessions were conducted. Data were analysed using ethnographic content analysis.ResultsBoys associate the consumption of large portions of unhealthy foods, especially meat, with masculinity and autonomy. Buying junk food is an important part of their social lives. According to boys, current health promotion does not fit their needs. They stress that entertaining activities, humour and short‐term benefits of healthy choices must be central to health promotion. Some differing interests in health promotion appear between boys, but all boys plead for cheap, satisfying, tasty and healthy food options in their neighbourhoods.ConclusionsAdolescent boys from disadvantaged neighbourhoods do see opportunities for health promotion. There is an emerging acceptance of boys taking care of their body and health, but the social norm of unhealthy consumption dominates. For health promoters, it is vital to gear health messages to who the boys are and wish to be, especially in relation to their peers.
Forest edges, tree diversity and tree identity change leaf miner diversity in a temperate forest
Authors: van Schrojenstein Lantman Irene M. , Hertzog Lionel R. , Vandegehuchte Martijn L. , Martel An , Verheyen Kris , Lens Luc , Bonte Dries 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In forests, besides tree diversity, tree identity can determine herbivore species diversity. Herbivore species diversity can also depend on spatial factors, such as edge effects; however, empirical evidence for this remains scarce. Furthermore, patterns in herbivore diversity may differ between forest stand level and responses at individual tree species. It is therefore important to disentangle stand‐level patterns from associational responses specific to certain host species.
We studied the effects of edge distance, tree diversity and tree species composition on leaf miner abundance, richness and diversity in temperate forests. We disentangled leaf miners’ responses at stand level from those of miners associated with each of three individual tree species: Quercus robur L., Quercus rubra L. and Fagus sylvatica L.
We found that tree diversity increased stand‐level leaf miner richness and diversity. Fagus sylvatica and stand‐level leaf miner abundance increased closer to edges. This was suppressed at stand level in more diverse mixtures. Underlying tree diversity effects, stand‐level leaf miner metrics are strongly associated with tree species composition, due to many unique species found on F. sylvatica and Q. robur. Additionally, F. sylvatica experienced associational susceptibility to abundance in mixtures with Q. robur. Quercus robur experienced association susceptibility to miner richness in the mixture with Q. rubra.
Studying the herbivore community at different spatial scales is a first step towards better understanding tree identity effects underlying tree diversity effects. Our findings emphasise context dependency of positive diversity effects on herbivores in terms of edge effects and tree species composition.
The effect of grain boundary on the visible light absorption of BaTi1‐x[Ni1/2Nb1/2]xO3‐δ ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Lou Qiwei , Zeng Jiangtao , Man Zhenyong , Zheng Liaoying , Park Chulhong , Kassiba Abdelhadi , Liu Yun , Chen Xiaoming , Li Guorong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract(Ni2+, Nb5+) co‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics BaTi1‐x(Ni1/2Nb1/2)xO3‐δ (BTNN‐100x) are prepared by a solid‐state reaction method, and their electrical and light absorption properties are investigated. The results show that BTNN‐100x can generate oxygen vacancies which pin the domain walls. BTNN‐100x bulk ceramics show strong visible light absorption. However, the phenomenon of visible light absorption disappear for BTNN‐100x ceramic powders, and the band gap of doped ceramic powders are nearly unchanged. The experiments demonstrate that stress and density have little effect on the band gap. And the grain boundary shows stronger cathodoluminescence (CL) emission. Actually, oxygen vacancies can be enriched at grain boundaries, and defect [Vo‐NiTi‐Vo] complex structures can be form and give rise to the visible light absorption as demonstrated by First‐principles calculations. Thus, the engineering design of ferroelectric grain boundaries may pave the way for the application of coupled ferroelectric‐photovoltaic processes.
Development and validation of the needs of children questionnaire: An instrument to measure children’s self‐reported needs in hospital
Authors: Foster Mandie , Whitehead Lisa , Arabiat Diana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the needs of children questionnaire (NCQ), a new instrument to measure school‐aged children's self‐reported psychosocial physical and emotional needs in paediatric wards.DesignThis is an instrument development study based on recommendations for developing a reliable and valid questionnaire.MethodThe NCQ was developed over three phases between February 2013–April 2017 and included item generation; content adequacy assessment; questionnaire administration; factor analysis; internal consistency assessment and construct validity. Psychometric properties were assessed after 193 school‐aged children completed the needs of children's questionnaire in four paediatric areas in Australia and New Zealand.ResultsThe development and validation of the NCQ over two countries resulted in a 16‐item, four‐category tool to measure the self‐reported importance and fulfilment of school‐aged children's needs in hospital. Cronbach's alpha for the combined samples was 0.93.ConclusionThe NCQ bridges a gap to measure the level of importance and fulfilment of school‐aged children's self‐reported needs in hospital. Future testing and validation is needed in other paediatric areas and countries.ImpactThe 16‐item NCQ is a valid measure to evaluate if the quality of care delivered and received in hospital is in line with what children self‐report as important and required and to date indicates good usability and utility. Child self‐reports are essential to inform healthcare delivery, policy, research and theory development from a child and family‐centred care lens that honours the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the best interests of the child.
Barriers and facilitators of midwives' physical activity behaviour in hospital and community contexts in Scotland
Authors: Holly Deirdre , Swanson Vivien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate barriers and facilitators of physical activity in midwives in hospital and community environments.DesignA sequential mixed‐methods approach.Data sourcesFocus groups and subsequent questionnaire survey.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted in urban and rural areas with community and hospital‐based midwives in Scotland in 2015. Topics were based on the behaviour change theories via the Theoretical Domains Framework. Findings informed development of a questionnaire, sent to midwives in 2016 in Scottish health boards via managers, or online survey.ResultsThirty‐three midwives participated in focus groups. Workplace environmental context and resources were both barriers and facilitators. Similarly, negative social influences were barriers, whereas positive social support facilitated physical activity. The questionnaire was completed by 345 midwives. Most (90%) were physically active with high levels of activity. Commonest activities included walking, swimming and housework. Physical activity facilitators included subsidized classes and protected breaks. Barriers included tiredness, stress, family responsibilities, unpredictable breaks and shift patterns.ConclusionsInterventions should address midwives’ workplace context and resources and interpersonal factors such as stress and social support.ImpactMidwives’ high levels of overweight/obesity and stress impact on their own health and delivery of patient care. More workplace physical activity could help. We found most were physically active but identified workplace barriers and facilitators, including resources, shift patterns and breaks. Findings could help midwifery managers to recognize and reduce barriers, thereby improving midwives’ physical activity in the workplace, supporting weight management and enhancing their health and well‐being.
Effect of local aromatase inhibition in endometriosis using a new chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model
Authors: Pluchino Nicola , Poppi Giorgia , Yart Lucile , Marci Roberto , Wenger Jean‐Marie , Tille Jean‐Christophe , Cohen Marie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is an oestrogen‐dependent, inflammation‐driven gynaecologic disorder causing severe disability. Endometriosis implants are characterized by unbalanced local oestrogen metabolism leading to hyperoestrogenism and aromatase up‐regulation is one of main mechanism involved. Aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole or anastrozole use in young women are associated with severely side effects limiting their long‐term clinical use. An endometriosis‐targeted inhibition of local aromatase could be a viable alternative, although the role of the local inhibition of this enzyme is still unclear. Using a new chick embryo allantoic membrane (CAM) model incorporating xenografted human endometriosis cyst, we showed that topical treatment with anastrozole reduced lesion size, although oestrogens produced by CAM female embryo blunted this effect. Xenografted human endometriosis CAM is a new efficient model for the screening of new drugs targeting endometriosis tissue.
Evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with recalcitrant warts
Authors: Erturan İ. , Kumbul Doğuç D. , Korkmaz S. , Büyükbayram H.İ. , Yıldırım M. , Kocabey Uzun S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWarts are benign conditions of the skin and mucosa caused by human papilloma viruses (HPV) that affect many people worldwide.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate OS by TOS/TAS, levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) an indicator of DNA damage, and also protein oxidation levels by determining the dynamic serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis in patients with warts. We also aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between thiol/disulphide homeostasis, recalcitrance of warts and DNA damage.MethodsForty patients of age ≥18 years, having recalcitrant genital and/or non‐genital warts that persisted for more than 2 years, 40 patients with warts that persisted for <2 years and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Blood TAS, TOS, OSI, 8‐OHdG and dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis were evaluated.ResultsSignificant differences were detected between the groups in the levels of 8‐OHdG, TOS, OSI, total thiol, native thiol, reduced thiol, as well as native thiol/total thiol ratio, disulphide/total thiol ratio and disulphide/native thiol ratio. Compared with the controls, patients with recalcitrant warts had significantly higher levels of 8‐OHdG, TOS and OSI levels. Total thiol and native thiol levels were significantly lower in patients with recalcitrant warts compared with patients with warts that persisted for <2 years. Disulphide levels were significantly higher in the latter group of patients compared with patients with recalcitrant warts and controls. Native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly higher in both patient groups compared with controls whereas disulphide/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios were significantly lower in both patient groups than in controls.ConclusionOur findings suggest that impairment of thiol disulphide homeostasis in patients with recalcitrant warts may lead to increased OS and DNA damage. Thus, antioxidant administration with thiol containing proteins may help in the regression of warts and thereby prevent carcinogenesis.
The omnivorous triggerfish Melichthys niger is a functional herbivore on an isolated Atlantic oceanic island
Authors: Mendes Thiago C. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Bouth Helena F. , Silva Luana P.S. , Ferreira Carlos E.L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the functional role of the highly generalist omnivore Melichthys niger in the remote St. Peter and St Paul's Archipelago (SPSPA), Brazil, where grazing herbivorous fishes are very scarce. We analysed patterns of distribution from zero to 30 m deep during three time intervals during the day and sampled different aspects of their feeding behaviour, including diel feeding rate, feeding substrate and diet. The density of M. niger increased with depth (26–30 m) and decreased by the end of the day. Although M. niger did not present a typical herbivore diel feeding pattern, they targeted the epilithic algal matrix as their primary feeding substrate, ingesting predominantly algae and detritus. The characteristic Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata from SPSPA was ingested only as detached fronds. We suggest that in the isolated SPSPA, the single species M. niger may perform a unique role as a link between benthic primary production and higher levels. Further studies on the trophic ecology of omnivorous species are necessary to better understand their roles in a reef system, especially in impoverished areas where they are likely to play a crucial role.