bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End-of-Life Health-Care Cost of Patients With Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Souliotis Kyriakos , Kani Chara , Marioli Androniki , Kamboukou Aggeliki , Prinou Aikaterini , Syrigos Konstantinos , Markantonis Sophia 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Lung cancer exerts a significant societal and health-care–related economic burden and chemotherapy drugs constitute a major factor of total direct cost. The aim of the present study was to assess the direct health-care cost of lung cancer in Greece by conducting a retrospective analysis on the last 6 months of life. Methods: The present study was based on both the medical data and costs of treatment of deceased adult patients who suffered from terminal stage IIIB/IV lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer) during the last 6 months of their life. The study’s protocol was approved by the Hospital’s Research Ethics Committee. Costs included outpatient (outpatient services) and inpatient (inpatient services) costs. Descriptive statistics were mainly used for statistical analysis. Results: The files of 144 patients were analyzed. The total cost of health-care services for the study population during the last 6 months of life was attributed by 57% to inpatient services, whereas chemotherapy costs (74%) comprised the largest proportion of the total inpatient cost. The highest expenditure for outpatient services was attributed to concomitant medication (59%), followed by the cost of tests (21%) and radiotherapy (20%). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that both inpatient and outpatient costs were substantial. The main inpatient and outpatient cost drivers were chemotherapy and concomitant medication, respectively. A more comprehensive nationwide study would be useful to validate our results and to include also indirect costs of cancer care in Greece.
Effects of Perpendicular Aryl Groups on Electronic Properties and Complexation of 4,4-Dihydrodithienosilole
Authors: Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kyushin Soichiro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
4,4-Dihydrodithienosilole bearing perpendicular Tip groups at the 3,5-positions (1) was synthesized. Compound 1 was characterized by NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The lowest energy absorption band in the UV/Vis spectrum is shifted bathochromically compared with the parent 4,4-dihydrodithienosilole II. The fluorescence quantum yield of 1 is much higher than that of II. The oxidative addition of 1 to Pt(PPh3)2(C2H4) gave the isolable silylplatinum hydride complex 7 in contrast to II and a related compound. These results indicate that the Tip groups affect the electronic properties and complexation.
Cervical cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: April 2019

Cervical cancer is a common cancer in those women aged 35 years and under. This article considers cervical cancer, providing the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with insight and understanding of this gynaecological cancer. The anatomy of the cervix is outlined and the incidence of the condition discussed, along with the different types of cervical cancer staging and grading. Cervical cancer screening approaches are outlined. Risk factors are described, as well as the signs and symptoms of the disease. An overview of how a diagnosis is made is provided, as well as the various treatment options that may be available. Preventative measures (health promotion activities) are also included. The article provides a glossary of terms and also five multiple choice questions.
Reflection and you
Authors: Stonehouse David 
Published: April 2019

This article explores the important activity of reflection and reflective practice. Support workers and nursing associates, as well as all healthcare professionals, have a responsibility to reflect upon their own practice, identifying not only areas of good practice but also where improvements can be made. The article starts by defining what reflection and reflective practice are. The requirement to reflect is clearly laid down within the recently amended Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code for nursing associates ( NMC, 2018 ) and is implied within the Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ). Relevant sections of these two codes will be highlighted. The article will then move on to highlight two reflective models, the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle, and Driscoll's (2007) Model of Structured Reflection, both of which are commonly used today. Clinical supervision will be discussed and the importance of recording reflections will be emphasised.
Assessing and treating obsessive compulsive disorder in practice
Authors: Young Andy 
Published: April 2019

Health professionals in primary care may be the first to notice or hear of patients who are experiencing obsessive compulsive disorder. While care from specfic professionals is likely to be needed, Andy Young explains how practice nurses can direct the care for these patients Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition in the which the quality of the sufferer's life is adversely affected by intrusive or inappropriate thoughts and actions. People with OCD have repetitive thoughts that cause anxiety symptoms. In order to control these thoughts and their associated unpleasant effects, the person develops behaviours they feel might prevent the thought from becoming reality. OCD is found in 1% of the UK population, affecting men and women equally. There is evidence to suggest that OCD runs in families and has some genetic basis, and it appears to be partly caused by alterations to the balance of serotonin and/or dopamine in the brain. OCD often develops in childhood or young adulthood, and the presence of obsessive and compulsive phenomena may require referral and treatment from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. ‘Pathological doubting’ and the inability to distinguish between the memory of real or imagined actions is a central feature of OCD, especially compulsions associated with the disorder. The primary care team have an opportunity to recognise OCD symptoms and intervene before the condition worsens and the patient requires hospitalisation.
РЕЧЕВОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ В ТЕКСТАХ ФРЕНДЛЕНТЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ
Authors: Tikhomirova Elena 
Published: April 2019

Тексты социальных сетей позволяют изучать неформальное речевое поведение и ценности современников. В социальной сети собеседников сближает иллюзия статусно-ролевого равноправия. Коммуниканты предполагают одинаковые пресуппозиции и поэтому воспринимают сообщения с установкой на доверие. Необходимо учитывать, что авторы постов и комментариев имеют возможность профессионально манипулировать адресатами и целенаправленно воздействовать на читателей в открытых группах социальной сети, поэтому некритичное речевое поведение представляет собой значительный социальный риск.Поверхностно-синтаксический, или валентный, фрейм отвечает конвенциям о том, как носители языка представляют предложения на этом языке и порядок слов в них. Структура высказывания включает валентные связи слотов и определяет понимание сообщения адресатом.Тематически наша выборка текстов ограничена постами и комментариями к ним об аресте Кирилла Серебренникова, опубликованными в августе-сентябре 2017 года и декабре 2017 – январе 2018 в сети Facebook.В прототипическом случае семантические и синтаксические актанты глагольных лексем находятся в отношении соответствия. Точное соответствие актантов свойственно научному стилю, поэтому вызывает уважение к автору поста в социальной сети и убеждает адресата в необходимости согласиться с автором.В ноябре-январе тексты с корректным заполнением валентности сообщали о премьерах, но тексты о домашнем аресте и следствии отражали чувства авторов. В эмоциональных сообщениях с некорректным заполнением валентностей в высказываниях возрастает роль внутритекстовых связей. Тексты Facebook’а показывают недостаточное и избыточное заполнение валентностей. Несмотря на реальную или мнимую спонтанность публикации и то и другое может быть риторическим приемом автора. Анализ поверхностно-синтаксического фрейма высказываний показывает, как адресант может воздействовать на собеседников, поэтому адресат должен уметь анализировать тексты.
ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ УСЛУГ, ПРЕДОСТАВЛЯЕМЫХ ОРГАНАМИ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ВЛАСТИ И ИНЫМИ УПОЛНОМОЧЕННЫМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ: СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ
Authors: Kandrina Nadezhda 
Published: April 2019

В статье представлена общая характеристика становления правовых основ государственных услуг, предоставляемых органами исполнительной власти и иными уполномоченными организациями. Особое внимание уделяется Конституции РФ, анализу положений Бюджетного кодекса РФ, Налогового кодекса РФ, Гражданского кодекса РФ, иных нормативных правовых актов РФ и субъектов РФ. Делается вывод о недостаточности закрепления в ФЗ «Об организации предоставления государственных и муниципальных услуг» и других источниках конституционно-правового содержания упомянутых отношений.
К ВОПРОСУ О ВЫРАЖЕНИИ В ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕКСТАХ СЕМАНТИКИ ДЕЙСТВИЯ
Authors: Batiushkina Marina 
Published: April 2019

В статье приводятся результаты анализа частотной для текстов законов лексики, передающей семантику действия: существительных, глаголов, причастий, деепричастий. (Концепция частей речи рассматривается автором с опорой на взгляды профессора В. М. Бельдияна.) При рассмотрении существительного затронуты вопросы терминирования, продуктивности / непродуктивности словообразовательных моделей, субстантивации и омонимии. Уделено внимание наименованиям субъектов юридического дискурса, содержащим семантику действия. Глаголы рассматриваются в аспекте форм реализации права (исполнение, использование, соблюдение), политемпоральности. Отмечается, что с помощью глагольных форм нормы закона формулируются безотносительно временных рамок и действие закона, главным образом, направлено на возможное будущее, последующие события. В некоторых случаях семантика действия распространяется на прошедшее время (когда прошлому времени приписывается признак реальности). Приводятся схемы и примеры вербальных комплексов, маркированных по степени необходимости совершения действия с помощью слов: «вправе» – «может» – «должен» – «обязан». Особый акцент сделан на частицах (бы, ли, не), дифференцирующих и усиливающих модальность предложения. Приводятся примеры речевых формул, используемых для передачи семантики волеизъявления. Уделяется внимание номинализации – замене глагольных форм сочетаниями глаголов и отглагольными существительными. Причастие и деепричастие рассматриваются в качестве полупредикативных частей речи. Частотность причастий рассматривается с точки зрения формальных признаков, по типу суффикса. Деепричастия рассматриваются в аспекте типов текстов, множественности дополнительных действий, которые выражаются деепричастными оборотами. Обращается внимание на то, что в предложении с деепричастными оборотами основное и дополнительные действия могут быть даны безотносительно к субъекту волеизъявления. Особое внимание уделяется конкретизации семантики действия с помощью наречий. Теоретические обобщения иллюстрируются примерами из Конституции России, федеральных и региональных кодексов и законов.
О динамике вихревой нити. Новый взгляд на проблему энергии и эффективной массы
Authors: Талалов Сергей Владимирович , Talalov Sergei Vladimirovich 
Published: April 2019

Рассматривается динамика бесконечной вихревой нити «нулевой толщины» в приближении локальной индукции. Асимптотически нить считается прямолинейной, причем предполагается существование в окружающем пространстве $E_3$ выделенного направления, задаваемого некоторым вектором ${\boldsymbol{b}}_3$, который и определяет асимптотики нити.
Исследуется возможность интерпретации такого объекта как модели планарной «квазичастицы»
с конфигурационным пространством (коллективных координат) в виде плоскости $E_2 \perp {\boldsymbol{b}}_3$ и внутренними степенями свободы.
Построено гамильтоново описание динамики такой нити в терминах переменных, допускающих естественное разделение на две группы: «внешние» и «внутренние».
Внешние гамильтоновы переменные (имеющие смысл координат и импульсов бесструктурной планарной частицы) и внутренние
(соответствующие переменным модели магнетика Гейзенберга) перепутаны связями, что приводит к нетривиальности конструкции. Группа пространственной симметрии системы строится в два этапа: сжатие $ SO(3) \to E(2)$ и последующее расширение $E(2) \times T \to \tilde{\mathcal G}_2$. Здесь $E(2)$ - группа движений плоскости $E_2 \perp {\boldsymbol{b}}_3$, $T$ - группа временны́х сдвигов и	$\tilde{\mathcal G}_2$ - центрально расширенная группа Галилея, действующая на указанной плоскости.
Введение в модель группы Галилея позволяет ввести в рассмотрение инвариантные функции Казимира алгебры Ли данной группы и, как следствие, сформулировать новый подход к проблеме энергии бесконечной вихревой нити нулевой толщины.	Получено также выражение для тензора обратной эффективной массы построенной динамической системы.	Показано, что предложенную теорию можно рассматривать как математическую модель планарной вихревой частицы, обладающей бесконечным числом внутренних степеней свободы.
The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte is a predictor in endometrial cancer
Authors: Dong Yangyang , Cheng Yuan , Wang Jianliu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective: The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) for patients with surgically treated endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 510 EC patients who were surgically treated between January 2010 and December 2016. We used receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify an optimal cut-off for NLR in predicting overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Nonparametric tests were used to determine the associations between NLR and clinicopathologic characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression were used for survival analysis. Results: With a cut-off of 2.47, the 510 patients were divided into low NLR (NLR <2.47) and high NLR (NLR ≥2.47). Elevated NLR was associated with advanced stage (P=0.039), increased histology grade (P=0.005) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.041). Multivariable analysis suggested that NLR was an independent prognostic marker for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-14.1; P =0.006), CSS (HR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-11.5; P =0.028) and DFS (HR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.2; P =0.044). Conclusion: NLR may be an independent prognostic indicator for OS, CSS and DFS. It could help clinicians with preoperative risk stratification and treatment strategy tailoring.
Metabolomics Approach for The Analysis of Resistance of Four Tomato Genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Afifah Enik Nurlaili , Murti Rudi Hari , Nuringtyas Tri Rini 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetabolomics allows the identification of biochemical markers that have important roles in plant resistance to pests and diseases by which breeders can select plants based on differences in these compounds. This study examines the range of compounds associated with plant defense against nematodes. Resistant tomato genotypes, GM2 and F1 (GM2 × Hawai 7996), and susceptible genotypes, Gondol Putih and Gondol Hijau, were used in this study. Peroxidase activity was measured colorimetrically using a spectrophotometer. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis was used to analyze the metabolites involved in the tomato-nematode interactions. Identified signals were semi-quantitatively calculated by scaling the intensity of the 1H-NMR to the signals of an internal standard (trimethyl silyl-3-propionic acid) at 0.00 ppm. Resistant plants showed a higher peroxidase activity than susceptible plants. Chemical compounds that differentiated between susceptible and resistant plants were glucose and caffeic acid. Resistant tomatoes were observed to have seven times higher level of glucose than susceptible plants. Glucose is the primary metabolite that acts in the signaling pathways in plant defense mechanisms. Caffeic acid is one of the phenolic compounds alleged to have a negative effect on the nematode.
Hereditarily minimal topological groups
Authors: Xi Wenfei , Dikranjan Dikran , Shlossberg Menachem , Toller Daniele 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We study locally compact groups having all subgroups minimal. We call such groups hereditarily minimal.
In 1972 Prodanov proved that the infinite hereditarily minimal compact abelian groups are precisely the groups

ℤ
p

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}

of p-adic integers.
We extend Prodanov’s theorem to the non-abelian case at several levels.
For infinite hypercentral (in particular, nilpotent) locally compact groups, we show that the hereditarily minimal ones remain the same as in the abelian case.
On the other hand, we classify completely the locally compact solvable hereditarily minimal groups, showing that, in particular, they are always compact and metabelian.
The proofs involve the (hereditarily) locally minimal groups, introduced similarly.
In particular, we prove a conjecture by He, Xiao and the first two authors, showing that the group

ℚ
p

⋊

ℚ
p
*

{\mathbb{Q}_{p}\rtimes\mathbb{Q}_{p}^{*}}

is hereditarily locally minimal, where

ℚ
p
*

{\mathbb{Q}_{p}^{*}}

is the multiplicative group of non-zero p-adic numbers acting on the first component by multiplication.
Furthermore, it turns out that the locally compact solvable hereditarily minimal groups are closely related to this group.
Changing Strategies of State and Urban Authorities in the Spanish Netherlands Towards Exiles and Returnees During the Dutch Revolt
Authors: Soen Violet , Junot Yves 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article examines the policies that state and urban authorities within the Habsburg Netherlands adopted towards emigration during the Dutch Revolt. The Spanish Crown’s repression after the Iconoclastic Fury in 1566–7 intensified the exodus during the first decade of the Revolt, as local or exceptional courts often sanctioned these retreats through judicial banishment and confiscation of property. Beginning in 1579–81, however, there was a change in policy towards refugees, as local authorities in Habsburg territories abandoned their initial attempts at repression in favour of reconciliation and reintegration. While the new governor-general and city magistrates in reconciled cities encouraged Protestants to leave, they also welcomed those seeking to permanently return, albeit if they both pledged loyalty to the Spanish Crown and reconciled with the Catholic Church. This policy, as shown in pardon letters, petitions, and inquiries concerning returnees, met with some success.
Refugee “nations” and Empire-Building in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Lachenicht Susanne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article investigates to what extent the early modern period as the Confessional, Imperial and Economic Age was also an age of tolerance, how much early modern empires depended on religious minorities willing to migrate and settle overseas, how much in the words of Jonathan Israel religious migrants were “agents and victims of empire”.

Jonathan Israel, Diasporas Within a Diaspora: Jews, Crypto-Jews and the World of Maritime Empires, 1540–1740 (Leyden: Brill 2002), 1.
I will take the example of Sephardi Jews and Huguenots to analyse the agencies of persecuted religious minorities in negotiating terms and conditions for their (re-)settlement – more often than not as separate nations or at least separate communities within the ever-growing European empires.
“But Vestiges Remain”: The Anomaly of Sovereign Immunity for Public Hospitals
Authors: White John Valery 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Public hospitals are critical institutions in the American healthcare delivery system. Yet because they are publicly owned, they sit apart from the rest of the medical sector, enjoying in some instances immunities from suit or significant limitations on damage recovery due to their public status. In today’s environment where states have legislated carefully balanced systems regulating medical malpractice liability, the prospect of immunity provides public hospitals and their employees, additional, in many cases more stringent protection from suit. This aspect of public hospital immunity has been obscured by the variety of systems from state to state governing immunity of public entities and their employees. The attention paid the subject appears to be in inverse relationship to the significance of public hospitals in our health care system.
Public hospitals provide care for large segments of the population and are particularly important providers of care for poor, urban, and un- or underinsured citizens. They are centers offering specialized care and around which specialized care providers are organized in many communities. Public hospitals are particularly associated with transplant and burn centers. In addition, they are usually the highest-level trauma care centers in the communities they support. Much of what makes public hospitals critical to their communities relates to their propensity to be centers of education and training. They are often associated with medical schools, offering clinical training opportunities to medical students and are either partners with medical schools in offering graduate medical education or sponsors of such education independently.
Vision-Based CubeSat Closed-Loop Formation Control in Close Proximities
Authors: Fahimi Farbod 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A vision based formation and attitude controller has been derived and simulated for the formation keeping of two 3U CubeSats. Four markers are installed on the leader CubeSat. Two cameras are installed on the follower CubeSat. An efficient vision based pose estimation method is used to estimate the pose of the follower with respect to the leader. A Higher-Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) exact differentiator with finite-time convergence is derived to estimate the rate of the follower’s pose parameters. The follower’s pose and its time rate are fedback to HOSM formation and attitude controllers to correct any gradual drift in formation and pose of the follower. The simulations show the effectiveness of the approach, and its feasibility on existing hardware.
English Evidential –ly Adverbs in Main Clauses: A Functional Approach
Authors: Kemp Lois 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present paper examines the distribution of English evidential -ly adverb in the scopal hierarchical framework that was presented by Hengeveld and Dall’Aglio Hattnher (2015) in their results of work on Brazilian grammatical evidentials. The analysis will constitute the categorization of eleven English evidential -ly adverb. The results will determine whether the analysis supports Hengeveld and Dall’Aglio Hattnher’s (2015) conclusion that evidential items with multiple meanings occur in adjacent positions within an FDG Level, and that they can occur on two Levels in the FDG framework. The data which was retrieved from recent UK newspaper articles in the BYU NOW corpus (News on the Web), comprise main clauses modified by an evidential -ly adverb. Categorization of the evidential adverbs in the FDG framework was determined by paraphrasing, and by applying diagnostic scope criteria. For the eleven evidential -ly adverbs studied, it is shown that non-reportative evidential adverbs with multiple meanings occur at adjacent FDG layers at the Representational Level, and that two adverbs occur at both the Interpersonal and the Representational Level.