bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of an artery-first approach versus standard pancreatoduodenectomy on perioperative outcomes and survival
Authors: Ironside N , Barreto S G , Loveday B , Shrikhande S V , Windsor J A , Pandanaboyana S 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate perioperative outcomes and survival in patients undergoing an artery-first approach to pancreatoduodenectomy in comparison with those having standard pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Comparative studies including patients who underwent artery-first pancreatoduodenectomy and standard pancreatoduodenectomy were analysed.

Results
Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis. There were 16 retrospective cohort or case–control studies and one RCT. A total of 1472 patients were included in the meta-analysis, of whom 771 underwent artery-first pancreatoduodenectomy and 701 had standard pancreatoduodenectomy. Intraoperative blood loss (mean difference –389 ml; P &lt; 0·001) and the proportion of patients requiring intraoperative transfusion (10·6 per cent (54 of 508) versus 40·1 per cent (186 of 464); P &lt; 0·001) were significantly lower in the artery-first group. Although rates of perioperative mortality were comparable between the two groups, perioperative morbidity (35·5 per cent (263 of 741) versus 44·3 per cent (277 of 625); P = 0·002), and the incidence of grade B/C pancreatic fistula (7·4 per cent (26 of 353) versus 12·8 per cent (42 of 327); P = 0·031) were significantly lower in the artery-first group. The R0 resection rate (75·8 per cent (269 of 355) versus 67·0 per cent (280 of 418); P &lt; 0·001) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0·72, 95 per cent c.i. 0·60 to 0·87; P &lt; 0·001) were significantly higher in the artery-first group.

Conclusion
The artery-first approach to pancreatoduodenectomy may be associated with improved perioperative outcomes and survival.
Automatic estimation of Purkinje‐Myocardial junction hot‐spots from noisy endocardial samples: A simulation study
Authors: Barber Fernando , García‐Fernández Ignacio , Lozano Miguel , Sebastian Rafael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe reconstruction of the ventricular cardiac conduction system (CCS) from patient‐specific data is a challenging problem. High‐resolution imaging techniques have allowed only the segmentation of proximal sections of the CCS from images acquired ex vivo. In this paper, we present an algorithm to estimate the location of a set of Purkinje‐myocardial junctions (PMJs) from electro‐anatomical maps, as those acquired during radio‐frequency ablation procedures. The method requires a mesh representing the myocardium with local activation time measurements on a subset of nodes. We calculate the backwards propagation of the electrical signal from the measurement points to all the points in the mesh to define a set of candidate PMJs that is iteratively refined. The algorithm has been tested on several Purkinje network configurations, with simulated activation maps, subject to different error amplitudes. The results show that the method is able to build a set of PMJs that explain the observed activation map for different synthetic CCS configurations. In the tests, the average error in the predicted activation time is below the amplitude of the error applied to the data.
Ethological description of a fixed action pattern in a kissing bug (Triatominae): vision, gustation, proboscis extension and drinking of water and guava
Authors: Páez-Rondón Oscar , Aldana Elis , Dickens Joseph , Otálora-Luna Fernando 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTriatomines (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) are vectors ofTrypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease in America. These true bugs have traditionally been considered to be blood suckers, although some species have been catalogued as being entomophagous. By using their highly specialized mouthparts, these insects have evolved a stereotyped habit which includes lifting up the proboscis, piercing and sucking, when the occasion arises. Most triatomines bite their sleeping and unaware vertebrate or invertebrate hosts, but they can also search for other targets, guided, in part, by visual and chemical stimuli. In this study, we observed that triatomines apparently visually identify a drop of water in the distance, then taste it with their legs, upon which proboscis extension and sucking ensues. This invariant behavior or fixed action pattern, observed in several triatomine species (Rhodnius prolixus,Triatoma infestansandPanstrongylus geniculatus), was also elicited by a dummy drop of water and guava fruit. We discuss evolutionary and ethological aspects of this innate behavior. Digital video images related to this article are available athttp://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo180314rp01aandhttp://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo180314rp03a.
On bifurcation of eigenvalues along convex symplectic paths
Authors: Chang Yinshan , Long Yiming , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2018

We consider a continuously differentiable curve

t\mapsto \gamma (t)

in the space of

2n \times 2n

real symplectic matrices, which is the solution of the following ODE:

\frac{\mathrm{d}\gamma }{\mathrm{d}t}(t) = J_{2n}A(t)\gamma (t),\gamma (0) \in \mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{R}),

where

J = J_{2n} \stackrel{\text{def}}=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \mathrm{Id}_{n} \\
−\mathrm{Id}_{n} & 0
\end{bmatrix}

and

A:t\mapsto A(t)

is a continuous path in the space of

2n \times 2n

real matrices which are symmetric. Under a certain convexity assumption (which includes the particular case that

A(t)

is strictly positive definite for all

t \in \mathbb{R}

), we investigate the dynamics of the eigenvalues of

\gamma (t)

when
t
varies, which are closely related to the stability of such Hamiltonian dynamical systems. We rigorously prove the qualitative behavior of the branching of eigenvalues and explicitly give the first order asymptotics of the eigenvalues. This generalizes classical Krein–Lyubarskii theorem on the analytic bifurcation of the Floquet multipliers under a linear perturbation of the Hamiltonian. As a corollary, we give a rigorous proof of the following statement of Ekeland:

\{t \in \mathbb{R}:\gamma (t)\text{ has a Krein indefinite eigenvalue of modulus }1\}

is a discrete set.
Why do microbes exhibit weak biogeographic patterns?
Authors: Meyer Kyle M , Memiaghe Hervé , Korte Lisa , Kenfack David , Alonso Alfonso , Bohannan Brendan J M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Analysis of patterns in the distribution of taxa can provide important insights into ecological and evolutionary processes. Microbial biogeographic patterns almost always appear to be weaker than those reported for plant and animal taxa. It is as yet unclear why this is the case. Some argue that microbial diversity scales differently over space because microbial taxa are fundamentally different in their abundance, longevity and dispersal abilities. Others have argued that differences in scaling are an artifact of how we assess microbial biogeography, driven, for example, by differences in taxonomic resolution, spatial scale, sampling effort or community activity/dormancy. We tested these alternative explanations by comparing bacterial biogeographic patterns in soil to those of trees found in a forest in Gabon. Altering taxonomic resolution, excluding inactive individuals, or adjusting for differences in spatial scale were insufficient to change the rate of microbial taxonomic turnover. In contrast, we account for the differences in spatial turnover between these groups by equalizing sampling extent. Our results suggest that spatial scaling differences between microbial and plant diversity are likely not due to fundamental differences in biology, and that sampling extent should be taken into account when comparing the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms and larger organisms.
SHP2 regulates skeletal cell fate by modifying SOX9 expression and transcriptional activity
Authors: Zuo Chunlin , Wang Lijun , Kamalesh Raghavendra M. , Bowen Margot E. , Moore Douglas C. , Dooner Mark S. , Reginato Anthony M. , Wu Qian , Schorl Christoph , Song Yueming , Warman Matthew L. , Neel Benjamin G. , Ehrlich Michael G. , Yang Wentian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from a common mesenchymal precursor, the osteochondroprogenitor (OCP), and help build the vertebrate skeleton. The signaling pathways that control lineage commitment for OCPs are incompletely understood. We asked whether the ubiquitously expressed protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded byPtpn11) affects skeletal lineage commitment by conditionally deletingPtpn11in mouse limb and head mesenchyme using “Cre-loxP”-mediated gene excision. SHP2-deficient mice have increased cartilage mass and deficient ossification, suggesting that SHP2-deficient OCPs become chondrocytes and not osteoblasts. Consistent with these observations, the expression of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and its target genesAcan, Col2a1, andCol10a1were increased in SHP2-deficient chondrocytes, as revealed by gene expression arrays, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunostaining. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that SHP2 regulates OCP fate determination via the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of SOX9, mediated at least in part via the PKA signaling pathway. Our data indicate that SHP2 is critical for skeletal cell lineage differentiation and could thus be a pharmacologic target for bone and cartilage regeneration.
Modulation of Hoogsteen dynamics on DNA recognition
Authors: Xu Yu , McSally James , Andricioaei Ioan , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn naked duplex DNA, G–C and A–T Watson-Crick base pairs exist in dynamic equilibrium with their Hoogsteen counterparts. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation dispersion and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine how Watson-Crick/Hoogsteen dynamics are modulated upon recognition of duplex DNA by the bisintercalator echinomycin and monointercalator actinomycin D. In both cases, DNA recognition results in the quenching of Hoogsteen dynamics at base pairs involved in intermolecular base-specific hydrogen bonds. In the case of echinomycin, the Hoogsteen population increased 10-fold for base pairs flanking the chromophore most likely due to intermolecular stacking interactions, whereas actinomycin D minimally affected Hoogsteen dynamics at other sites. Modulation of Hoogsteen dynamics at binding interfaces may be a general phenomenon with important implications for DNA–ligand and DNA–protein recognition.
Probing the strongly driven spin-boson model in a superconducting quantum circuit
Authors: Magazzù L. , Forn-Díaz P. , Belyansky R. , Orgiazzi J.-L. , Yurtalan M. A. , Otto M. R. , Lupascu A. , Wilson C. M. , Grifoni M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantum two-level systems interacting with the surroundings are ubiquitous in nature. The interaction suppresses quantum coherence and forces the system towards a steady state. Such dissipative processes are captured by the paradigmatic spin-boson model, describing a two-state particle, the “spin”, interacting with an environment formed by harmonic oscillators. A fundamental question to date is to what extent intense coherent driving impacts a strongly dissipative system. Here we investigate experimentally and theoretically a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to an electromagnetic environment and subjected to a coherent drive. This setup realizes the driven Ohmic spin-boson model. We show that the drive reinforces environmental suppression of quantum coherence, and that a coherent-to-incoherent transition can be achieved by tuning the drive amplitude. An out-of-equilibrium detailed balance relation is demonstrated. These results advance fundamental understanding of open quantum systems and bear potential for the design of entangled light-matter states.
Ultrastable metallic glasses formed on cold substrates
Authors: Luo P. , Cao C. R. , Zhu F. , Lv Y. M. , Liu Y. H. , Wen P. , Bai H. Y. , Vaughan G. , di Michiel M. , Ruta B. , Wang W. H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVitrification from physical vapor deposition is known to be an efficient way for tuning the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of glasses and significantly improve their properties. There is a general consensus that preparing stable glasses requires the use of high substrate temperatures close to the glass transition one, Tg. Here, we challenge this empirical rule by showing the formation of Zr-based ultrastable metallic glasses (MGs) at room temperature, i.e., with a substrate temperature of only 0.43Tg. By carefully controlling the deposition rate, we can improve the stability of the obtained glasses to higher values. In contrast to conventional quenched glasses, the ultrastable MGs exhibit a large increase of Tg of ∼60 K, stronger resistance against crystallization, and more homogeneous structure with less order at longer distances. Our study circumvents the limitation of substrate temperature for developing ultrastable glasses, and provides deeper insight into glasses stability and their surface dynamics.
Directed evolution of broadly crossreactive chemokine-blocking antibodies efficacious in arthritis
Authors: Angelini Alessandro , Miyabe Yoshishige , Newsted Daniel , Kwan Byron H. , Miyabe Chie , Kelly Ryan L. , Jamy Misha N. , Luster Andrew D. , Wittrup K. Dane 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemokine receptors typically have multiple ligands. Consequently, treatment with a blocking antibody against a single chemokine is expected to be insufficient for efficacy. Here we show single-chain antibodies can be engineered for broad crossreactivity toward multiple human and mouse proinflammatory ELR+CXC chemokines. The engineered molecules recognize functional epitopes of ELR+CXC chemokines and inhibit neutrophil activation ex vivo. Furthermore, an albumin fusion of the most crossreactive single-chain antibody prevents and reverses inflammation in the K/BxN mouse model of arthritis. Thus, we report an approach for the molecular evolution and selection of broadly crossreactive antibodies towards a family of structurally related, yet sequence-diverse protein targets, with general implications for the development of novel therapeutics.
Generation and characterization of ultrathin free-flowing liquid sheets
Authors: Koralek Jake D. , Kim Jongjin B. , Brůža Petr , Curry Chandra B. , Chen Zhijiang , Bechtel Hans A. , Cordones Amy A. , Sperling Philipp , Toleikis Sven , Kern Jan F. , Moeller Stefan P. , Glenzer Siegfried H. , DePonte Daniel P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe physics and chemistry of liquid solutions play a central role in science, and our understanding of life on Earth. Unfortunately, key tools for interrogating aqueous systems, such as infrared and soft X-ray spectroscopy, cannot readily be applied because of strong absorption in water. Here we use gas-dynamic forces to generate free-flowing, sub-micron, liquid sheets which are two orders of magnitude thinner than anything previously reported. Optical, infrared, and X-ray spectroscopies are used to characterize the sheets, which are found to be tunable in thickness from over 1 μm down to less than 20 nm, which corresponds to fewer than 100 water molecules thick. At this thickness, aqueous sheets can readily transmit photons across the spectrum, leading to potentially transformative applications in infrared, X-ray, electron spectroscopies and beyond. The ultrathin sheets are stable for days in vacuum, and we demonstrate their use at free-electron laser and synchrotron light sources.
Epigenetic control of IL-23 expression in keratinocytes is important for chronic skin inflammation
Authors: Li Hui , Yao Qi , Mariscal Alberto Garcia , Wu Xudong , Hülse Justus , Pedersen Esben , Helin Kristian , Waisman Ari , Vinkel Caroline , Thomsen Simon Francis , Avgustinova Alexandra , Benitah Salvador Aznar , Lovato Paola , Norsgaard Hanne , Mortensen Mette Sidsel , Veng Lone , Rozell Björn , Brakebusch Cord 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe chronic skin inflammation psoriasis is crucially dependent on the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis. Although IL-23 is expressed by psoriatic keratinocytes and immune cells, only the immune cell-derived IL-23 is believed to be disease relevant. Here we use a genetic mouse model to show that keratinocyte-produced IL-23 is sufficient to cause a chronic skin inflammation with an IL-17 profile. Furthermore, we reveal a cell-autonomous nuclear function for the actin polymerizing molecule N-WASP, which controls IL-23 expression in keratinocytes by regulating the degradation of the histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP, and H3K9 dimethylation of the IL-23 promoter. This mechanism mediates the induction of IL-23 by TNF, a known inducer of IL-23 in psoriasis. Finally, in keratinocytes of psoriatic lesions a decrease in H3K9 dimethylation correlates with increased IL-23 expression, suggesting relevance for disease. Taken together, our data describe a molecular pathway where epigenetic regulation of keratinocytes can contribute to chronic skin inflammation.
Publisher Correction: ERK-mediated phosphorylation regulates SOX10 sumoylation and targets expression in mutant BRAF melanoma
Authors: Han Shujun , Ren Yibo , He Wangxiao , Liu Huadong , Zhi Zhe , Zhu Xinliang , Yang Tielin , Rong Yu , Ma Bohan , Purwin Timothy J. , Ouyang Zhenlin , Li Caixia , Wang Xun , Wang Xueqiang , Yang Huizi , Zheng Yan , Aplin Andrew E. , Liu Jiankang , Shao Yongping 
Published: April 2018

In the original version of this Article, financial support was not fully acknowledged. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have now been corrected to include the following: The National Basic Research Program (2015CB553602 to J.L.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570777, 91649106, 31770917 to J.L.) and Tianjin Applied Basic and Frontier Tech Major Project (12JCZDJC34400 to J.L.) and Tianjin Higher Education Sci-Tech Development Project (20112D05 to J.L.).
Continuous-variable protocol for oblivious transfer in the noisy-storage model
Authors: Furrer Fabian , Gehring Tobias , Schaffner Christian , Pacher Christoph , Schnabel Roman , Wehner Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCryptographic protocols are the backbone of our information society. This includes two-party protocols which offer protection against distrustful players. Such protocols can be built from a basic primitive called oblivious transfer. We present and experimentally demonstrate here a quantum protocol for oblivious transfer for optical continuous-variable systems, and prove its security in the noisy-storage model. This model allows us to establish security by sending more quantum signals than an attacker can reliably store during the protocol. The security proof is based on uncertainty relations which we derive for continuous-variable systems, that differ from the ones used in quantum key distribution. We experimentally demonstrate in a proof-of-principle experiment the proposed oblivious transfer protocol for various channel losses by using entangled two-mode squeezed states measured with balanced homodyne detection. Our work enables the implementation of arbitrary two-party quantum cryptographic protocols with continuous-variable communication systems.
Combining CO2 reduction with propane oxidative dehydrogenation over bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Gomez Elaine , Kattel Shyam , Yan Binhang , Yao Siyu , Liu Ping , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe inherent variability and insufficiencies in the co-production of propylene from steam crackers has raised concerns regarding the global propylene production gap and has directed industry to develop more on-purpose propylene technologies. The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by CO2 (CO2-ODHP) can potentially fill this gap while consuming a greenhouse gas. Non-precious FeNi and precious NiPt catalysts supported on CeO2 have been identified as promising catalysts for CO2-ODHP and dry reforming, respectively, in flow reactor studies conducted at 823 K. In-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed the oxidation states of metals under reaction conditions and density functional theory calculations were utilized to identify the most favorable reaction pathways over the two types of catalysts.
Cooperative STAT/NF-κB signaling regulates lymphoma metabolic reprogramming and aberrant GOT2 expression
Authors: Feist Maren , Schwarzfischer Philipp , Heinrich Paul , Sun Xueni , Kemper Judith , von Bonin Frederike , Perez-Rubio Paula , Taruttis Franziska , Rehberg Thorsten , Dettmer Katja , Gronwald Wolfram , Reinders Jörg , Engelmann Julia C. , Dudek Jan , Klapper Wolfram , Trümper Lorenz , Spang Rainer , Oefner Peter J. , Kube Dieter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKnowledge of stromal factors that have a role in the transcriptional regulation of metabolic pathways aside from c-Myc is fundamental to improvements in lymphoma therapy. Using a MYC-inducible human B-cell line, we observed the cooperative activation of STAT3 and NF-κB by IL10 and CpG stimulation. We show that IL10 + CpG-mediated cell proliferation of MYClow cells depends on glutaminolysis. By 13C- and 15N-tracing of glutamine metabolism and metabolite rescue experiments, we demonstrate that GOT2 provides aspartate and nucleotides to cells with activated or aberrant Jak/STAT and NF-κB signaling. A model of GOT2 transcriptional regulation is proposed, in which the cooperative phosphorylation of STAT3 and direct joint binding of STAT3 and p65/NF-κB to the proximal GOT2 promoter are important. Furthermore, high aberrant GOT2 expression is prognostic in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underscoring the current findings and importance of stromal factors in lymphoma biology.
Synaptically silent sensory hair cells in zebrafish are recruited after damage
Authors: Zhang Qiuxiang , Li Suna , Wong Hiu-Tung C. , He Xinyi J. , Beirl Alisha , Petralia Ronald S. , Wang Ya-Xian , Kindt Katie S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnalysis of mechanotransduction among ensembles of sensory hair cells in vivo is challenging in many species. To overcome this challenge, we used optical indicators to investigate mechanotransduction among collections of hair cells in intact zebrafish. Our imaging reveals a previously undiscovered disconnect between hair-cell mechanosensation and synaptic transmission. We show that saturating mechanical stimuli able to open mechanically gated channels are unexpectedly insufficient to evoke vesicle fusion in the majority of hair cells. Although synaptically silent, latent hair cells can be rapidly recruited after damage, demonstrating that they are synaptically competent. Therefore synaptically silent hair cells may be an important reserve that acts to maintain sensory function. Our results demonstrate a previously unidentified level of complexity in sculpting sensory transmission from the periphery.