bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of pika and hare through tricho-taxonomy (Mammalia: Lagomorpha)
Authors: Kamalakannan Manokaran , Chandra Kailash , De Joy Krishna , Venkatraman Chinnadurai 
Published: August 2019

The macroscopic and microscopic characters of dorsal guard hairs of Indian lagomorphs (four species of pikas and three species of hare) are described; the cuticular and medullary characters are similar between the species studied. The cuticular and medullary characters, however, are dissimilar between the family Ochotonidae and Leporidae. The cross-section of hair of the species had shown two identical shapes between the family Ochotonidae and Leporidae. The cross-section was observed as an oval shape in all the four ochotonid species, whereas there was a dumb-bell shape in all three leporid species. The hair of the Indian lagomorphs can easily be differentiated up to the family level on the basis of their unique cuticula, medulla and cross-section of the dorsal guard hair. The high-resolution microphotographs and key characteristics of hair that are presented here can be used as an appropriate reference for family-level identification of Indian lagomorphs.
Diversity and temporal variation of the bird community in paddy fields of Kadhiramangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jayasimhan Chaithra Shree , Padmanabhan Pramod 
Published: August 2019

Paddy, a major food crop of India, provides a variety of habitats in a short period of time and supports diverse organisms. Paddy fields also harbour many birds with varying species composition across the different cultivation phases of paddy. This study, conducted in the paddy fields of Kadhiramangalam, Tamil Nadu, India, recorded the bird community composition there during the various cultivation phases of paddy. The bird community data was analysed and a total of 87 bird species were recorded from the study area belonging to 41 families and 13 orders. The growth phase (PS 3) is the most diverse phase. The bird composition showed a significant variation across the paddy cultivation phases with overall average dissimilarity of 71.41%. The patterns shown by graphs of bird species composition across the paddy cultivation phases is based on guild, habitat usage and order overlap and elucidates that the change in bird community composition temporally can be attributed to the niche variability across the paddy cultivation phases. The major species contributing to these changes observed are Black-headed Munia, Baya Weaver, Common Sandpiper, Barn Swallow, Common Myna, and Black Drongo in this region.
Multivariate analysis of elements from the microhabitats of selected plateaus in the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Aphale Priti Vinayak , Meshram Dhananjay Chintaman , Mahajan Dnyaneshwar Maruti , Kulkarni Prasad Anil , Kulkarni Shraddha Prasad 
Published: August 2019

The Western Ghats represents a small part of the Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province that erupted about 65 million years ago. It is an area of outstanding scenic beauty and has attracted the attention of geologists, naturalists and geomorphologists for over a century. One of the unique habitats in the Western Ghats are the rocky plateaus. Previous studies have covered plant species composition, geological and geomorphological status of the rocky plateaus. An analytical study of microhabitats and associated therophytes of four rocky plateau sites was conducted. The study sites were Durgawadi Plateau, Naneghat Plateau which are basalt outcrops and Zenda plateau and Amba Plateau, which are laterite outcrops on the escarpment of the northern Western Ghats. The results revealed a correlation between basalt and lateritic rock outcrops as well as ephemeral plant elements. All four outcrops are similar in their nutrient status but the microhabitats of these plateaus are extremely different from each other.
The soft-release of captive-born Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata) into a highland stream, western Iran
Authors: Salehi Tayebe , Akmali Vahid , Sharifi Mozafar 
Published: August 2019

Captive breeding and reintroduction programs are important conservation tools and are used for increasing the number of plant and animal species worldwide. The endemic Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri is listed as Vulnerable on the Red List by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is amended to Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES). In the present study, in order to learn about the survival ability of captive-born newts of N. kaiseri, we conducted a trial translocation of 15 two-year-old captive-born N. kaiseri into the highland stream in Sartakht Village, western Iran. The survival rate of these newts were determined in two stages, involving early acclimatization in mesh bags and direct release in a highland brook. In 12 surveys to the translocation site, a total of 86 individuals were identified during spring and summer. The average survival rate during the acclimatizing phase was 98 ± 0.04 %, while an average survival rate of 12 ± 0.04 % was obtained when the newts were released in the brook. Applying an average diurnal detection probability obtained for the Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt Neurergus derjugini, the overall survival rate in September when newts began the autumn withdrawal was 13%. These findings demonstrate that captive-born N. kaiseri released into the wild in controlled conditions can survive during spring and summer and provide information for future reintroduction plan of this species.
Range extension of the Gooty Tarantula Poecilotheria metallica (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Raman Kothandapani , Vimalraj Sivangnanaboopathidoss , Krishnakumar Bawa Mothilal , Balachandran Natesan , Tomar Abhishek 
Published: August 2019

This paper is based on the observations from Tamil Nadu. The presence of this critically endangered Theraphosidae, P. metallica has been recorded for the first time outside of its known distribution, wherefore, expanding its range to further south from its type locality. The present sighting extends its distribution ranges along the Eastern Ghats by approximately 370 Km to further south from its type locality (Pocock 1899).
Improvement of Lipoprotein Profile and Metabolic Endotoxemia by a Lifestyle Intervention That Modifies the Gut Microbiota in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Guevara‐Cruz Martha , Flores‐López Adriana G. , Aguilar‐López Miriam , Sánchez‐Tapia Mónica , Medina‐Vera Isabel , Díaz Daniel , Tovar Armando R. , Torres Nimbe 
Published: August 2019

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious health problem over the world; thus, the aim of the present work was to develop a lifestyle intervention to decrease the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and reduce the biochemical abnormalities of MetS.

Methods and Results

The prevalence of MetS was evaluated in 1065 subjects of Mexico City, Mexico, and the gut microbiota in a subsample. Subjects with MetS were selected for a pragmatic study based on a lifestyle intervention with a low‐saturated‐fat diet, reduced‐energy intake, with functional foods and physical activity, and a second group was selected for a randomized control‐placebo study to assess the gut microbiota after the dietary intervention. Prevalence of MetS was 53%, and the higher the body mass index, the higher the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The higher the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, the lower the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. The pragmatic study revealed that after 15 days on a low‐saturated‐fat diet, there was a 24% reduction in serum triglycerides; and after a 75‐day lifestyle intervention, MetS was reduced by 44.8%, with a reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, small low‐density lipoprotein particles, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide, and branched‐chain amino acid. The randomized control‐placebo study showed that after the lifestyle intervention, there was a decrease in the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota associated with a reduction in the
Prevotella/ Bacteroides
ratio and an increase in the abundance of
Akkermansia muciniphila
and
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
.

Conclusions
A lifestyle intervention significantly decreased MetS components, small low‐density lipoprotein particle concentration, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and metabolic endotoxemia, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03611140.
Metabolic Response to Stress by the Immature Right Ventricle Exposed to Chronic Pressure Overload
Authors: Kajimoto Masaki , Nuri Muhammad , Isern Nancy G. , Robillard‐Frayne Isabelle , Des Rosiers Christine , Portman Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

Background

The right ventricle exposed to chronic pressure overload exhibits hypertrophy and decompensates when exposed to stress. We hypothesize that impaired ability to increase myocardial oxidative flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase leads to hypertrophied right ventricular (
RV
) dysfunction when exposed to hemodynamic stress, and pyruvate dehydrogenase stimulation can improve
RV
function.

Methods and Results

Infant male Yorkshire piglets (13.5±0.6 kg weight, n=19) were used to assess substrate fractional contribution to the citric acid cycle after sustained pulmonary artery banding (
PAB
). Carbon 13–labeled glucose, lactate, and leucine, oxidative substrate tracers for the citric acid cycle, were infused into the right coronary artery on 7 to 10 days after
PAB
.
RV
systolic pressure,
RV
free wall thickness, and individual cardiomyocyte cell size after
PAB
were significantly elevated compared with the sham group. Both fractional glucose and lactate oxidations in the
PAB
group were >2‐fold higher than in the sham group. Pigs with overdrive atrial pacing (≈80% increase in heart rate) stress after
PAB
showed only a 22% increase in rate‐pressure product from baseline before atrial pacing and limited carbohydrate oxidation rate in the right ventricle. Intracoronary infusion of dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase agonist, produced higher rate‐pressure product (59% increase) in response to increased workload by atrial pacing in association with a marked increase in lactate oxidation.

Conclusions

The immature hypertrophied right ventricle shows limited ability to increase carbohydrate oxidation in response to tachycardia stress leading to energy supply/utilization imbalance and decreased systolic function. Enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activation by dichloroacetate increases energy supply and preserves hypertrophied
RV
contractile function during hemodynamic stress.
Role of TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) in N1/N2 Neutrophil Programming After Stroke
Authors: García-Culebras Alicia , Durán-Laforet Violeta , Peña-Martínez Carolina , Moraga Ana , Ballesteros Ivan , Cuartero Maria I. , de la Parra Juan , Palma-Tortosa Sara , Hidalgo Andres , Corbí Angel L. , Moro Maria A. , Lizasoain Ignacio 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
After stroke, the population of infiltrated neutrophils in the brain is heterogeneous, including a population of alternative neutrophils (N2) that express M2 phenotype markers. We explored the role of TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) on neutrophil infiltration and polarization in this setting.

Methods—
Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery occlusion in TLR4-KO and WT (wild type) mice. Infarct size was measured by Nissl staining and magnetic resonance imaging. Leukocyte infiltration was quantified 48 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. To elucidate mechanisms underlying TLR4-mediated N2 phenotype, a cDNA microarray analysis was performed in neutrophils isolated from blood 48 hours after stroke in WT and TLR4-KO mice.

Results—

As demonstrated previously, TLR4-deficient mice presented lesser infarct volumes than WT mice. TLR4-deficient mice showed higher density of infiltrated neutrophils 48 hours after stroke compared with WT mice, concomitantly to neuroprotection. Furthermore, cytometric and stereological analyses revealed an increased number of N2 neutrophils (YM1
+
cells) into the ischemic core in TLR4-deficient mice, suggesting a protective effect of this neutrophil subset that was corroborated by depleting peripheral neutrophils or using mice with TLR4 genetically ablated in the myeloid lineage. Finally, cDNA microarray analysis in neutrophils, confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, showed that TLR4 modulates several pathways associated with ischemia-induced inflammation, migration of neutrophils into the parenchyma, and their functional priming, which might explain the opposite effect on outcome of the different neutrophil subsets.

Conclusions—
TLR4 deficiency increased the levels of alternative neutrophils (N2)—an effect associated with neuroprotection after stroke—supporting that modulation of neutrophil polarization is a major target of TLR4 and highlighting the crucial role of TLR4 at the peripheral level after stroke.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
Iṣbahānī’s Invitation to Madness: Introduction to the Majnūn Laylā Story
Authors: Beck Kirsten 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī’s (d. 971) Kitāb al-Aghānī chapter on Majnūn Laylā (“Akhbār Majnūn Banī ʿĀmir wa nasabuh”) confronts its audience with unresolving divergent knowledge about Majnūn. We are left not only wondering about his name, his origin, and his mental state, but also his being—does he even exist? This paper examines the potential impact of Iṣbahānī’s selection and presentation of akhbār in this Aghānī chapter, making a case for a literary approach to Iṣbahānī’s text fitting with the medieval concept of adab. It asserts that the line of questions we are compelled to ask about Majnūn implicates us in his madness and the madness of the text, which disrupts and complicates that which appears most essential to his story.
The genus Rhabdomastix Skuse in Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)
Authors: THEISCHINGER GÜNTHER , BILLINGHAM ZACARIAH D. , MARTIN JOHN , GROWNS IVOR 
Published: August 2019

The crane fly genus Rhabdomastix Skuse, 1890 is briefly introduced, the four species hitherto known from Australia are reviewed. The male of R. tonnoirana Alexander, 1934 and the female of R. wilsoniana Alexander, 1934 are described for the first time and R. minima Alexander, 1926 is considered as nomen dubium. A further eight Australian species are described as new, their affinities and distributions are discussed. They are R. borroloola sp. nov., R. dobrotworskyi sp. nov., R. dooragana sp. nov., R. hirsuta sp. nov., R. nivalis sp. nov., R. ponticulus sp. nov., R. collessiana sp. nov., R. rosae sp. nov. A key to the males of Australian Rhabdomastix is presented.
Establishing Urinary Leukotriene E4 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Comorbid Asthma and Atopy
Authors: Santarelli Griffin D. , Lam Kent K. , Han Joseph K. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveWhile urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) is a validated biomarker for the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway, which is central to the pathophysiology of asthma, atopy, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the contributions of comorbid asthma and atopy to uLTE4 levels in various CRS subtypes have not been previously characterized. We sought to (1) identify reference values for uLTE4 in subjects with and without CRS and (2) determine how the presence of comorbid atopy and asthma affects uLTE4 levels in CRS.SettingTertiary referral medical center.Subjects and MethodsA prospective case‐control study was conducted to compare uLTE4 levels between patients with CRS and healthy controls. Urinary LTE4 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and were adjusted for urinary creatinine concentrations (pg/mg Cr). Patients with CRS were stratified by the clinical comorbidities to determine normative uLTE4 values for patients with CRS with and without comorbid asthma or atopy.ResultsA total of 153 patients (mean age, 47.3; 47.1% female) were included in the study. Patients with CRS demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of uLTE4 than healthy controls (1652 vs 1065 pg/mg Cr, P =. 032). Within the group of patients with CRS, comorbid asthma also individually correlated with elevated uLTE4 levels (1597 pg/mg Cr, P =. 0098). Patients with CRS who did not have comorbid allergy and asthma, in contrast, did not have statistically higher uLTE4 levels than healthy controls (1142 pg/mg Cr, P =. 61).ConclusionUrinary LTE4 serves as a noninvasive measure of the inflammatory state in CRS. Comorbid asthma and atopy contribute to elevated uLTE4 levels in CRS.
Improved home BP profile with dapagliflozin is associated with amelioration of albuminuria in Japanese patients with diabetic nephropathy: the Yokohama add-on inhibitory efficacy of dapagliflozin on albuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes study (Y-AIDA study)
Authors: Kinguchi Sho , Wakui Hiromichi , Ito Yuzuru , Kondo Yoshinobu , Azushima Kengo , Osada Uru , Yamakawa Tadashi , Iwamoto Tamio , Yutoh Jun , Misumi Toshihiro , Aoki Kazutaka , Yasuda Gen , Yoshii Taishi , Yamada Takayuki , Ono Syuji , Shibasaki-Kurita Tomoko , Hosokawa Saho , Orime Kazuki , Hanaoka Masaaki , Sasaki Hiroto , Inazumi Kohji , Yamada Taku , Kobayashi Ryu , Ohki Kohji , Haruhara Kotaro , Kobayashi Yusuke , Yamanaka Takeharu , Terauchi Yasuo , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Y-AIDA study was designed to investigate the renal- and home blood pressure (BP)-modulating effects of add-on dapagliflozin treatment in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and albuminuria.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, single-arm study. Eighty-six patients with T2DM, HbA1c 7.0–10.0%, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine (gCr) were enrolled, and 85 of these patients were administered add-on dapagliflozin for 24 weeks. The primary and key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in the natural logarithm of UACR over 24 weeks and change in home BP profile at week 24.ResultsBaseline median UACR was 181.5 mg/gCr (interquartile range 47.85, 638.0). Baseline morning, evening, and nocturnal home systolic/diastolic BP was 137.6/82.7 mmHg, 136.1/79.3 mmHg, and 125.4/74.1 mmHg, respectively. After 24 weeks, the logarithm of UACR decreased by 0.37 ± 0.73 (P < 0.001). In addition, changes in morning, evening, and nocturnal home BP from baseline were as follows: morning systolic/diastolic BP − 8.32 ± 11.42/− 4.18 ± 5.91 mmHg (bothP < 0.001), evening systolic/diastolic BP − 9.57 ± 12.08/− 4.48 ± 6.45 mmHg (bothP < 0.001), and nocturnal systolic/diastolic BP − 2.38 ± 7.82/− 1.17 ± 5.39 mmHg (P = 0.0079 for systolic BP,P = 0.0415 for diastolic BP). Furthermore, the reduction in UACR after 24 weeks significantly correlated with an improvement in home BP profile, but not with changes in other variables, including office BP. Multivariate linear regression analysis also revealed that the change in morning home systolic BP was a significant contributor to the change in log-UACR.ConclusionsIn Japanese patients with T2DM and diabetic nephropathy, dapagliflozin significantly improved albuminuria levels and the home BP profile. Improved morning home systolic BP was associated with albuminuria reduction.Trial registrationThe study is registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000018930;http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). The study was conducted from July 1, 2015 to August 1, 2018.
Intraoperative Awareness With Recall: A Descriptive, Survey-Based, Cohort Study
Authors: Bombardieri Anna Maria , Mathur Shagun , Soares Andrea , Sharma Anshuman , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Wildes Troy S. , Avidan Michael S. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
Unintended intraoperative awareness with recall (AWR) is a potential complication of general anesthesia. Patients typically report recollections of (1) hearing sounds or conversations, (2) being unable to breathe or move, (3), feeling pain, and/or (4) experiencing emotional distress. The purpose of the current study was to identify and further characterize AWR experiences identified through postoperative surveys of a large unselected adult surgical cohort.

METHODS:
This is a substudy of a prospective registry study, which surveys patients on their health and well-being after surgery. Responses to 4 questions focusing on AWR were analyzed. Patients who reported AWR with pain, paralysis, and/or distress were contacted by telephone to obtain more information about their AWR experience. The interview results for patients who received general anesthesia were sent to 3 anesthesiologists, who adjudicated the reported AWR episodes.

RESULTS:
Of 48,151 surveys sent, 17,875 patient responses were received. Of these respondents, 622 reported a specific memory from the period between going to sleep and waking up from perceived general anesthesia and 282 of these reported related pain, paralysis, and/or distress. An attempt was made to contact these 282 patients, and 149 participated in a telephone survey. Among the 149 participants, 87 endorsed their prior report of AWR. However, only 22 of these patients had received general anesthesia, while 51 received only sedation and 14 received regional anesthesia. Three anesthesiologists independently adjudicated the survey results of the 22 general anesthesia cases and assigned 6 as definite AWR, 8 as possible AWR, and 8 as not AWR episodes. Of the 65 patients who confirmed their report of AWR after regional or sedation anesthesia, 37 (31 with sedation and 6 with regional anesthesia) had not expected to be conscious during surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The complication of AWR continues to occur during intended general anesthesia. Many reports of AWR episodes occur in patients receiving sedation or regional anesthesia and relate to incorrect expectations regarding anesthetic techniques and conscious experiences, representing a potential target for intervention.
A Novel 3-Dimensional Approach for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Mitral Valve Area After Repair for Degenerative Disease
Authors: Karamnov Sergey , Burbano-Vera Nelson , Shook Douglas C. , Fox John A. , Shernan Stanton K. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
Currently available 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic methods for accurately assessing the mitral valve orifice area (MVA) after mitral valve repair (MVr) are limited due to its complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry. We compared repaired MVAs obtained with commonly used 2D and 3D echocardiographic methods to a 3D orifice area (3DOA), which is a novel echocardiographic measurement and independent of geometric assumptions.

METHODS:
Intraoperative 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images from 20 adult cardiac surgery patients who underwent MVr for mitral regurgitation obtained immediately after repair were retrospectively reviewed. MVAs obtained by pressure half-time (PHT), 2D planimetry (2DP), and 3D planimetry (3DP) were compared to those derived by 3DOA.

RESULTS:
MVAs (mean value ± standard deviation [SD]) after MVr were obtained by PHT (3 ± 0.6 cm2), 2DP (3.58 ± 0.75 cm2), 3D planimetry (3DP; 2.78 ± 0.74 cm2), and 3DOA (2.32 ± 0.76 cm2). MVAs obtained by the 3DOA method were significantly smaller compared to those obtained by PHT (mean difference, 0.68 cm2; P = .0003), 2DP (mean difference, 1.26 cm2; P < .0001), and 3DP (mean difference, 0.46 cm2; P = .003). In addition, MVA defined as an area ≤1.5 cm2 was identified by 3DOA in 2 patients and by 3DP in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS:
Post-MVr MVAs obtained using the novel 3DOA method were significantly smaller than those obtained by conventional echocardiographic methods and may be consistent with a higher incidence of MVA reduction when compared to 2D techniques. Further studies are still needed to establish the clinical significance of 3D echocardiographic techniques used to measure MVA after MVr.