bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic device for studying chemotaxis mechanism of bacterial cancer targeting
Authors: Song Jing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chengqian , Du Xiaohui , Guo Zhe , Kuang Yanbin , Wang Yingyan , Wu Peng , Zou Kun , Zou Lijuan , Lv Jianxin , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBacterial cancer targeting may become an efficacious cancer therapy, but the mechanisms underlying bacterial specificity for cancer cells need to be explored prior to adopting it as a new clinical application. To characterize the mechanism of bacterial chemotactic preference towards cancer cells, we developed a microfluidic device for in vitro study. The device consists of a cell culture chamber on both sides of a central bacteria channel, with micro-channels used as barriers between them. The device, when used as model for lung cancer, was able to provide simultaneous three-dimensional co-culture of multiple cell lines in separate culture chambers, and when used as model for bacterial chemotaxis, established constant concentration gradients of biochemical compounds in a central channel by diffusion through micro-channels. Fluorescence intensity of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-encoding bacteria was used to measure bacterial taxis behavior due to established chemotactic gradients. Using this platform, we found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) clearly illustrated the preference for lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) which was attributed to biochemical factors secreted by carcinoma cells. Furthermore, by secretome analysis and validation experiments, clusterin (CLU) was found as a key regulator for the chemotaxis of E. coli in targeting lung cancer.
An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses
Authors: Thomer Annika , Gottschalk Maren , Christmann Anna , Naccache Fanny , Jung Klaus , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Distl Ottmar , Metzger Julia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCurly coat represents an extraordinary type of coat in horses, particularly seen in American Bashkir Curly Horses and Missouri Foxtrotters. In some horses with curly coat, a hypotrichosis of variable extent was observed, making the phenotype appear more complex. In our study, we aimed at investigating the genetic background of curly coat with and without hypotrichosis using high density bead chip genotype and next generation sequencing data. Genome-wide association analysis detected significant signals (p = 1.412 × 10−05–1.102 × 10−08) on horse chromosome 11 at 22–35 Mb. In this significantly associated region, six missense variants were filtered out from whole-genome sequencing data of three curly coated horses of which two variants within KRT25 and SP6 could explain all hair phenotypes. Horses heterozygous or homozygous only for KRT25 variant showed curly coat and hypotrichosis, whereas horses with SP6 variant only, exhibited curly coat without hypotrichosis. Horses with mutant alleles in both variants developed curly hair and hypotrichosis. Thus, mutant KRT25 allele is masking SP6 allele effect, indicative for epistasis of KRT25 variant over SP6 variant. In summary, genetic variants in two different genes, KRT25 and SP6, are responsible for curly hair. All horses with KRT25 variant are additionally hypotrichotic due to the KRT25 epistatic effect on SP6.
Entwicklungsstand von klinischer Ethikberatung in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Gather Jakov , Kaufmann Sarah , Otte Ina , Juckel Georg , Schildmann Jan , Vollmann Jochen 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erhebung von Daten zur Verbreitung und zum Entwicklungsstand von klinischer Ethikberatung in psychiatrischen Institutionen in Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Methodik Umfrage unter Ärztlichen Direktoren, Pflege- und Verwaltungsdirektoren aller psychiatrischen Akutkrankenhäuser und Maßregelvollzugskliniken in Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Ergebnisse Aus 89 % aller psychiatrischen Akutkrankenhäuser und 100 % aller Maßregelvollzugskliniken liegt mindestens ein Fragebogen vor. 92 % der antwortenden psychiatrischen Akutkrankenhäuser und 29 % der Maßregelvollzugskliniken halten Strukturen der klinischen Ethikberatung vor.
Schlussfolgerung Strukturen der klinischen Ethikberatung sind in psychiatrischen Institutionen weiter verbreitet als bislang in der Forschung angenommen.
Kriteriumsvalidität der deutschsprachigen Version der CES-D in der Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Jahn Rebecca , Baumgartner Josef , van den Nest Miriam , Friedrich Fabian , Alexandrowicz Rainer , Wancata Johannes 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Bisher gibt es keine Studien zur Kriteriumsvalidität der deutschen Version der CES-D in der Allgemeinbevölkerung.
Methodik Für 508 Personen aus Österreich wurden die CES-D mit ICD-Diagnosen basierend auf einem SCAN-Interview verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die gesamte Diskriminationsfähigkeit für beide Geschlechter betrug 0,836 (Receiver Operating Characteristics). Bei einem optimalen Cut-off (9/10) fand sich eine Sensitivität von 81,1 % und eine Spezifität von 74,3 %.
Schlussfolgerung Die CES-D zeigt eine ausreichende Kriteriumsvalidität sowohl für Männer als auch Frauen.
Schulterendoprothetik
Authors: Krukenberg Anna , Imiolczyk Jan-Philipp , Moroder Philipp , Scheibel Markus 
Published: April 2018

ZusammmenfassungDie Schulterendoprothetik hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. So können mittlerweile nicht nur bessere klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse erzielt werden, sondern auch das Indikationsspektrum konnte erweitert werden. Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Historie, die Indikationen, die aktuellen Konzepte und Ergebnisse und Komplikationen der Schulterendoprothetik.
Kortison-Injektionen an der Wirbelsäule (periartikulär, nervennah, epidural)
Authors: Jablawi Fidaa , Schöller Karsten 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungWirbelsäulennahe Kortison-Injektionen gehören zu den heutzutage am weitesten verbreiteten medizinischen Prozeduren überhaupt. Durch die epidurale, intra- und periartikuläre Applikation der Steroide sollen inflammatorisch getriggerte, therapieresistente Schmerzen von nozizeptivem und neuropathischem Charakter beeinflusst werden.Auch wenn das Risiko der Infiltrationen insgesamt gering ist, wurden Fälle mit schweren neurologischen Komplikationen wie z. B. nach zervikalen, epiduralen transforaminalen Injektionen beschrieben. Insgesamt scheint das Risikoprofil nicht kristalliner Steroide wie dem Dexamethason bei allenfalls geringgradig niedrigerer Effektivität im Vergleich mit den häufig gebrauchten kristallinen Steroiden günstiger zu sein.Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur Effektivität der verschiedenen wirbelsäulennahen Steroidinfiltrationen steht in einem starken Kontrast zu deren häufigen Anwendungen. Sämtliche Techniken der Steroid-Applikation haben einen limitierten Nutzen bei lokalen Schmerzen, die beste Evidenz für eine kurzfristige Schmerzlinderung besteht für die epidurale Steroidinfiltration bei radikulären Schmerzen.
Differences in Segmental Speeds as a Function of Maturation in Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Washington Jessica , Gilmer Gabrielle , Barfield Jeff , Gascon Sarah , Saper Michael , Dugas Jeffrey , Andrews James , Oliver Gretchen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how stride length, segmental sequencing of the pelvis, trunk, humerus, and forearm velocities and accelerations, and the timing of these values change as youth mature. Thirteen youth baseball pitchers participated at three consecutive time points: visit 1 (10.7±1.3 years; 151.8±10.7 cm; 45.0±9.65 kg), visit 2 (11.5±1.6 years; 155.5±11.1 cm; 50.4±10.0 kg), and visit 3 (12.4±1.7 years; 161.5±11.7 cm; 56.4±10.8 kg). Participants executed three pitches for a strike to a catcher. The maximum value of stride length and segmental speeds and accelerations was recorded. The point at which these maximum values occurred during the throw was calculated as a percentage from hand separation to maximum internal rotation of the shoulder. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Friedman Tests revealed no statistically significant differences between stride length, segmental speeds and accelerations, and their percentage of the pitch between the three visits. However, there was a significant increase in ball velocity across visits. No significant changes occurred in pitching mechanics between the ages of 10–12. The authors speculate the lack of differences can be accounted for because these ages are prior to any significant pubescent changes. Future research should consider pre- and post- pubescent age groups.
Tunable cytotoxic aptamer–drug conjugates for the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Powell Gray Bethany , Kelly Linsley , Ahrens Douglas P. , Barry Ashley P. , Kratschmer Christina , Levy Matthew , Sullenger Bruce A. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
As prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States, an unmet medical need exists for therapies that eliminate prostate tumors while preventing toxicity in normal tissue. Recently, such tumor-targeting therapies have gained Food and Drug Administration approval in the form of antibody drug conjugates. However, a need exists for new tumor-targeting therapies that are easier to manipulate and synthesize. By selecting for RNA ligands that internalize into prostate cancer cells but not normal prostate cells, we developed another class of targeted agents. We demonstrate that the E3 RNA selectively internalizes into prostate cancer cells and that E3 highly toxic drug conjugates are potent anti-tumor agents.
DNA methylation and transcriptome aberrations mediated by ERα in mouse seminal vesicles following developmental DES exposure
Authors: Li Yin , Hamilton Katherine J. , Wang Tianyuan , Coons Laurel A. , Jefferson Wendy N. , Li Ruifang , Wang Yu , Grimm Sara A. , Ramsey J. Tyler , Liu Liwen , Gerrish Kevin E. , Williams Carmen J. , Wade Paul A. , Korach Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Early developmental exposure to endocrine active compounds causes late-stage effects and alterations in the reproductive tract of adult mice. Unexpectedly, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a pivotal role in mediating these developmental effects. As a model outcome from these developmental effects, we present transcriptome and DNA methylation profiling of the seminal vesicles (SVs) following neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. ERα mediates transcriptome aberrations in SVs of adult mice that impact developmental reprogramming at adulthood. DNA methylation dynamically changes during development, and methylation is greater in ERα knockout mice compared with wild type. Expression levels of DES-altered genes are associated with their DNA methylation status. These findings provide unique evidence for understanding the developmental actions and mechanisms of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in human health.
Large SOD1 aggregates, unlike trimeric SOD1, do not impact cell viability in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Beck Matthew V. , Griffith Jack D. , Deshmukh Mohanish , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease. Autosomal dominant mutations in the SOD1 gene are responsible for 12% of familial ALS cases and 1.5% of sporadic cases. However, it remains unknown whether the large fibrillar aggregates formed by misfolded SOD1 are a causative agent in disease progression. By designing mutations that specifically stabilize SOD1 fibrils or nonnative oligomers, we found that the assembly into insoluble fibrils mitigated the neurotoxic effects caused by aberrant conformation of trimers. We also demonstrated with electron microscopy that toxic SOD1 trimers displayed heterogeneous structures, in concert with computational studies. Our findings suggest a protective role of fibrils and a plausible pharmaceutical strategy, as promoting SOD1 fibrillogenesis reduces the population of neurotoxic species.
Choosing Certifiers: Evidence from the British Retail Consortium Food Safety Standard
Authors: Bar Talia , Zheng Yuqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStandards play a vital role in promoting food safety, and in many countries third‐party certification bodies carry out audits to determine if food manufacturers comply with a particular standard. Using data from the British Retail Consortium global standards program, we study manufacturers’ choices of certification bodies. We take a certification body's share of high audit grades in the months preceding an audit as a measure of perceived leniency, and find that manufacturers are more likely to choose certification bodies that they perceive to be more lenient. Manufactures are also more likely to choose geographically closer certification bodies, and to return to the same certifier that audited their site in the previous year.
Evaluating statistical approaches to leverage large clinical datasets for uncovering therapeutic and adverse medication effects
Authors: Choi Leena , Carroll Robert J , Beck Cole , Mosley Jonathan D , Roden Dan M , Denny Joshua C , Van Driest Sara L 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMotivationPhenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) have been used to discover many genotype-phenotype relationships and have the potential to identify therapeutic and adverse drug outcomes using longitudinal data within electronic health records (EHRs). However, the statistical methods for PheWAS applied to longitudinal EHR medication data have not been established.ResultsIn this study, we developed methods to address two challenges faced with reuse of EHR for this purpose: confounding by indication, and low exposure and event rates. We used Monte Carlo simulation to assess propensity score (PS) methods, focusing on two of the most commonly used methods, PS matching and PS adjustment, to address confounding by indication. We also compared two logistic regression approaches (the default of Wald versus Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood, PML) to address complete separation due to sparse data with low exposure and event rates. PS adjustment resulted in greater power than PS matching, while controlling Type I error at 0.05. The PML method provided reasonable P-values, even in cases with complete separation, with well controlled Type I error rates. Using PS adjustment and the PML method, we identify novel latent drug effects in pediatric patients exposed to two common antibiotic drugs, ampicillin and gentamicin.Availability and implementationR packages PheWAS and EHR are available at https://github.com/PheWAS/PheWAS and at CRAN (https://www.r-project.org/), respectively. The R script for data processing and the main analysis is available at https://github.com/choileena/EHR.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On the Isotypic Decomposition of Cohomology Modules of Symmetric Semi-algebraic Sets: Polynomial Bounds on Multiplicities
Authors: Basu Saugata , Riener Cordian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We consider symmetric (under the action of products of finite symmetric groups) real algebraic varieties and semi-algebraic sets, as well as symmetric complex varieties in affine and projective spaces, defined by polynomials of degrees bounded by a fixed constant d. We prove that if a Specht module, $\mathbb{S}^{\lambda }$, appears with positive multiplicity in the isotypic decomposition of the cohomology modules of such sets, then the rank of the partition $\lambda$ is bounded by O(d). This implies a polynomial (in the dimension of the ambient space) bound on the number of such modules. Furthermore, we prove a polynomial bound on the multiplicities of those that do appear with positive multiplicity in the isotypic decomposition of the abovementioned cohomology modules. We give some applications of our methods in proving lower bounds on the degrees of defining polynomials of certain symmetric semi-algebraic sets, as well as improved bounds on the Betti numbers of the images under projections of (not necessarily symmetric) bounded real algebraic sets, improving in certain situations prior results of Gabrielov, Vorobjov, and Zell.
Opioid Overdose Education, Prevention, and Management
Authors: Wollschlaeger Bernd 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In reviewing the elements of opioid overdose education, prevention, and management, this chapter focuses particularly on practical interventions that are available and deserve advocacy; e.g., provision of naloxone to those with opioid use disorder and to possible first responders. It moves from a discussion of the epidemiology of opioid deaths to the more individual topic of patient risk for overdose. Prophylactic interventions in the form of education of the patient’s family and friends, and agreements for treatment with informed consent are described. There follows a discussion of management of the opioid poisoning itself, including use/distribution of naloxone injection. Two figures are included: drug overdose death rates in the United States (2014); a map describing the current states with naloxone or “good Samaritan” laws impacting opioid overdose management. A text box with resources includes directions for initiation of community overdose prevention and intervention schemes.
Non-Opioid Pharmacotherapies for Chronic Pain
Authors: Otis James A. D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The objective of chapter 15 is to describe analgesic approaches to chronic pain, excluding opioids. As such, it emphasizes, first, the available pharmacotherapies; and then procedures. The pharmacotherapies divide into analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); adjuvant analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants; oral anesthetic agents (cardiotropics); adrenergic agonists; topical agents such as capsaicin and local anesthetic solutions and ointments; and muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, and baclofen. Interventions include many best administered by anesthesiologists such as infusions of anesthetic agents; trigger point injections; local and regional blockade, spinal injections including corticosteroids; and electrical spinal cord stimulation. A text box is provided with additional resources.
Self-Directed Non-Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain
Authors: Colameco Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter supplements Chapter 16 by emphasizing non-medication pain management techniques that have no need of a facilitator or intercessor beyond education and initiation. The successful management of chronic pain most often requires comprehensive approaches that include self-care and psychological, functional-restorative, and alternative-integrative approaches to complement medical treatments. Many patients with chronic pain lack access to integrated multidisciplinary care; under these circumstances, patient education and pain self-management may play a critical role in recovery, especially in the context of substance use disorders. Self-management or self-directed approaches may include psychological self-help, behavioral approaches, online support, group support, nutrition, graded exercise, the use of OTC devices (e.g., TENS), self-guided movement therapies, and other approaches. Sections on spirituality, sleep, and nutrition complete the foundation of self-directed therapies. The authors note that it is crucial to motivate patients and their families to become active participants in their own treatment process.
Opioid Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders and Addiction
Authors: Fields Jason Baker , Haning William F. , Olsen Yngvild 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter is about patient selection criteria and the dosing recommendations for methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. It also addresses the legal and documentation issues uniquely associated with the former two medications, and specific complicating circumstances such as hepatic impairment, pregnancy, breast-feeding, and respiratory compromise. Risk factors including concurrent use of benzodiazepines and alcohol are addressed, as well as the intrinsic risks of the medications themselves (e.g., seizures for buprenorphine, respiratory arrest with methadone). The objective of the chapter is to orient the primary care provider to available pharmacotherapies in the outpatient setting; the need for parallel or integrated psychosocial treatment is implicit. Accompanying text boxes include additional resources and a discussion of the changing federal regulations regarding patient population limits for buprenorphine prescribers.
Pain and Addiction in Patients with Co-Occurring Medical Disorders
Authors: Colameco Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Distinct from Chapter 24, on co-occurring psychiatric disorders, this chapter addresses common physical comorbidities that give rise to chronic pain and are notorious for associated substance use disorders. The concept of “pseudo-addiction” is explored as one of several contributors to common misperceptions of the analgesic needs of such patients. Examples of entities discussed are chronic low back pain, sleep apnea, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and HIV infection or AIDS-related pain. While not intrinsically painful, sleep apnea merits inclusion as it arises in conjunction with sedative-hypnotic, opioid, or nicotine use. Cirrhosis likewise creates obstacles to successful pain or addiction management resulting from altered metabolism of medications and enhanced susceptibility to potentially lethal syndromes (hepato-renal syndrome, gastric hemorrhage, etc.). The management of neuropathic pain in HIV infection (Chapter 15) is amplified here.
Pain and Addiction in Patients Who Smoke Cigarettes
Authors: Karan Lori D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Through a discussion of the effects of cigarette smoking on both pain perception and other substance use, this chapter outlines the presentation of the benefits to the patient and reviews smoking cessation strategies. It begins with an epidemiological review of the higher prevalence of smoking among those with chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, headache, and low back pain. The many adverse consequences of cigarette smoking for general health are identified, from enhanced osteoporosis to prolonged wound repair. Most strikingly, smoking is demonstrated to both exacerbate the experience of pain and lead to a heightened requirement for opioid analgesia. Its overlap with other substance use disorders has long been recognized, including an association with higher relapse rates to alcohol and other drugs. A table is provided detailing the physiological improvements seen upon smoking cessation.
Pain and Addiction in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Weaver Michael F. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Distinguishing between the needs of adults and those of adolescents, this chapter concentrates on practical operational approaches to both addiction and pain in the ephebiatric population. The susceptibility of this group to substance use disorders, and the profound impact on the developing brain and body of substances of misuse, is complicated further by their high level of physical activity and vulnerability to trauma. Data are provided from the Monitoring the Future project to profile the substance use risk of this population; a summary table is included giving the prevalence of various substances of misuse among youths. Unique requirements in their treatment are addressed, with emphasis placed on a network therapy, enlistment of family cooperation, and neighborhood resources. Noting that this is a population for whom physicians may be reluctant to initially consider medication, safety profiles are examined.