bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microanatomical changes and biomolecular expression at the PDL‐entheses during experimental tooth movement
Authors: Yang Lynn , Kang Misun , He Rui , Meng Bo , Pal Arvin , Chen Ling , Jheon Andrew H. , Ho Sunita P. 
Published: November 2018

The novel aspect of this study was to contextualize the co‐localization of biomolecular expression in widened and narrowed periodontal ligament (PDL)‐space within a mechanically activated periodontal complex. The PDL is unique as it is the only ligament with both innervation and vascularization. Maxillary molars in 6‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice (N = 5) were experimentally translated for 2 weeks using an elastic spacer. Contralateral teeth were used as controls. Mechanical testing of the periodontal complex of a mouse in situ and imaging using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐XCT) illustrated deformations within blood vessels (BV) of the PDL. PDL‐bone and PDL‐cementum entheses at the widened and narrowed PDL‐spaces following experimental tooth movement (ETM) illustrated osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), indicating active remodeling at these sites. PGP9.5 positive nerve bundles (NBs) were co‐localized with multinucleated cells (MCs), Howship's resorption lacunae, and CD146 positive BVs. Association between nerves and MC was complemented by visualizing the proximity of osmium tetroxide stained NBs with the ultrastructure of MCs by performing scanning transmission electron microscopy. Spatial association of NB with BV, and NB with MC, provided insights into the plausible co‐activation of NBs to initiate osteoclastic activity. Resorption of mineral occurred as an attempt to restore PDL‐space of the load‐bearing complex, specifically at the PDL‐entheses. Mapping of anatomy‐specific structural elements and their association with regenerative molecules by correlating light and electron micrographs provided insights into the use of these extracellular matrix molecules as plausible targets for pharmacological interventions related to tooth movement. Within the realm of tissue regeneration, modulation of load can reverse naturally occurring mineral formation to experimentally induced resorption, and naturally occurring mineral resorption to experimentally induced formation at the enthesial sites to permit tooth translation.
Impact of work hours and sleep on well‐being and burnout for physicians‐in‐training: the Resident Activity Tracker Evaluation Study
Authors: Mendelsohn Daniel , Despot Ivan , Gooderham Peter A , Singhal Ashtush , Redekop Gary J , Toyota Brian D 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe Resident Activity Tracker Evaluation (RATE) is a prospective observational study evaluating the impact of work hours, sleep and physical activity on resident well‐being, burnout and job satisfaction.BackgroundPhysician burnout is common and its incidence is increasing. The impact of work hours and sleep on resident well‐being and burnout remains elusive. Activity trackers are an innovative tool for measuring sleep and physical activity.MethodsResidents were recruited from (i) general surgery and orthopaedics (SURG), (ii) internal medicine and neurology (MED) and (iii) anaesthesia and radiology (RCD). Groups 1 and 2 do not enforce restrictions on the duration of being on‐call, and group 3 had restricted the duration of being on‐call to 12 hours. Participants wore FitBit trackers for 14 days. Total hours worked, daily sleep, sleep on‐call and daily steps were recorded. Participants completed validated surveys assessing self‐reported well‐being (Short‐Form Health Survey), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and satisfaction with medicine.ResultsSurgical residents worked the most hours per week, followed by medical and RCD residents (SURG, 84.3 hours, 95% CI, 80.2–88.5; MED, 69.2 hours, 95% CI, 65.3–73.2; RCD, 52.2 hours, 95% CI, 48.2–56.1; p < 0.001). Surgical residents obtained fewer hours of sleep per day (SURG, 5.9 hours, 95% CI, 5.5–6.3; MED, 6.9 hours, 95% CI, 6.5–7.3; RCD, 6.8 hours, 95% CI, 5.6–7.2; p < 0.001). Nearly two‐thirds of participants (61%) scored high burnout on the Maslach depersonalisation subscore. Total steps per day and well‐being, burnout and job satisfaction were comparable between groups. Total hours worked, daily sleep and steps per day did not predict burnout or well‐being.ConclusionsWork hours and average daily sleep did not affect burnout. Physical activity did not prevent burnout. Work hour restrictions may lead to increased sleep but may not affect resident burnout or well‐being.
Organization and architecture of AggR‐dependent promoters from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Icke Christopher , Abdelwahab Radwa , Haycocks James R. , Godfrey Rita E. , Sazinas Pavelas , Pallen Mark J. , Henderson Ian R. , Busby Stephen J. W. , Browning Douglas F. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), is a diarrhoeagenic human pathogen commonly isolated from patients in both developing and industrialized countries. Pathogenic EAEC strains possess many virulence determinants, which are thought to be involved in causing disease, though, the exact mechanism by which EAEC causes diarrhoea is unclear. Typical EAEC strains possess the transcriptional regulator, AggR, which controls the expression of many virulence determinants, including the attachment adherence fimbriae (AAF) that are necessary for adherence to human gut epithelial cells. Here, using RNA‐sequencing, we have investigated the AggR regulon from EAEC strain 042 and show that AggR regulates the transcription of genes on both the bacterial chromosome and the large virulence plasmid, pAA2. Due to the importance of fimbriae, we focused on the two AAF/II fimbrial gene clusters in EAEC 042 (afaB‐aafCB and aafDA) and identified the promoter elements and AggR‐binding sites required for fimbrial expression. In addition, we examined the organization of the fimbrial operon promoters from other important EAEC strains to understand the rules of AggR‐dependent activation. Finally, we generated a series of semi‐synthetic promoters to define the minimal sequence required for AggR‐mediated activation and show that the correct positioning of a single AggR‐binding site is sufficient to confer AggR‐dependence.
Sequential regiospecific gem‐diprenylation of tetrahydroxyxanthone by prenyltransferases from Hypericum sp.
Authors: Nagia Mohamed , Gaid Mariam , Biedermann Eline , Fiesel Tobias , El‐Awaad Islam , Hänsch Robert , Wittstock Ute , Beerhues Ludger 
Published: November 2018

Summary

Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives, such as xanthones, are natural plant products with interesting pharmacological properties. They are difficult to synthesize chemically. Biotechnological production is desirable but it requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathways.

cDNAs encoding membrane‐bound aromatic prenyltransferase (aPT) enzymes from Hypericum sampsonii seedlings (HsPT8px and HsPTpat) and Hypericum calycinum cell cultures (HcPT8px and HcPTpat) were cloned and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, respectively. Microsomes and chloroplasts were used for functional analysis.

The enzymes catalyzed the prenylation of 1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyxanthone (1367THX) and/or 1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxy‐8‐prenylxanthone (8PX) and discriminated nine additionally tested acylphloroglucinol derivatives. The transient expression of the two aPT genes preceded the accumulation of the products in elicitor‐treated H. calycinum cell cultures. C‐terminal yellow fluorescent protein fusions of the two enzymes were localized to the envelope of chloroplasts in N. benthamiana leaves.

Based on the kinetic properties of HsPT8px and HsPTpat, the enzymes catalyze sequential rather than parallel addition of two prenyl groups to the carbon atom 8 of 1367THX, yielding gem‐diprenylated patulone under loss of aromaticity of the gem‐dialkylated ring. Coexpression in yeast significantly increased product formation. The patulone biosynthetic pathway involves multiple subcellular compartments. The aPTs studied here and related enzymes may be promising tools for plant/microbe metabolic pathway engineering.
Linear lipoatrophy following intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide injection mimicking linear scleroderma
Authors: Call John Elliott , Mann Julianne A. , Linos Konstantinos D. , Perry Ann , Yost John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 12‐year‐old female with oligoarticular juvenile inflammatory arthritis developed an atrophic linear plaque involving the left medial forearm and proximal arm 7 months after intra‐articular triamcinolone injection for arthritis. The plaque spontaneously resolved without treatment over approximately one year. It is important to recognize this rare complication of intra‐articular steroid injection in order to avoid potential misdiagnosis as linear scleroderma and subsequent immunosuppressive treatment.
Antimelanogenic and Antimigration Properties of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Calendula officinalis Flowers on Melanoma Cells
Authors: Xuan Song Hua , Park Young Min , Park Soo Nam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCalendula officinalis L., commonly known as marigold, is not only cultivated for ornamental purposes but is also used as a traditional medicinal herb. Its flowers have been used to treat various skin diseases, including rashes, burns, cuts and bruises, since ancient times. However, to our knowledge, the impact of C. officinalis L. on melanoma and its mechanism have not been clarified. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical characterization and antimelanogenic and antimigration activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. officinalis flowers (EFC), as well as elucidate the potential mechanism. The obtained results showed that EFC markedly decreased α‐MSH‐induced melanin production and the cell migration ability of melanoma cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, EFC significantly inhibited the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) via suppressing the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that C. officinalis flowers can be used as a natural source of antimelanogenisis and antimigration regent to treatment or prevent skin diseases.
Are selection criteria for healthy pregnancies responsible for the gap between fetal growth in the French national Elfe birth cohort and the Intergrowth‐21st fetal growth standards?
Authors: Heude Barbara , Le Guern Morgane , Forhan Anne , Scherdel Pauline , Kadawathagedara Manik , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Bois Corinne , Cheminat Marie , Goffinet François , Botton Jérémie , Charles Marie‐Aline , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Intergrowth‐21st (IG) project proposed prescriptive fetal growth standards for global use based on ultrasound measurements from a multicounty study of low‐risk pregnancies selected using strict criteria. We examined whether the IG standards are appropriate for fetal growth monitoring in France and whether potential differences could be due to IG criteria for “healthy” pregnancies.MethodWe analysed data on femur length and abdominal circumference at the second and/or the third recommended ultrasound examination from 14 607 singleton pregnancies from the Elfe national birth cohort. We compared concordance of centile thresholds using the IG standards and current French references and used restricted cubic splines to plot z‐scores by gestational age. A “healthy pregnancy” sub‐sample was created based on maternal and pregnancy selection criteria, as specified by IG.ResultsMean gestational age‐specific z‐scores for femur length and abdominal circumference using French references fluctuated around 0 (−0.2 to 0.1), while those based on IG standards were higher (0.3‐0.8). Using IG standards, 2.5% and 5.2% of fetuses at the third ultrasound were <10th centile for femur length and abdominal circumference, respectively, and 31.5% and 16.7% were >90th. Only 34% of pregnancies fulfilled IG low‐risk criteria, but sub‐analyses yielded very similar results.ConclusionIntergrowth standards differed from fetal biometric measures in France, including among low‐risk pregnancies selected to replicate IG's healthy pregnancy sample. These results challenge the project's assumption that careful constitution of a low‐risk population makes it possible to describe normative fetal growth across populations.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma gallopavonis Type Strain WR1
Authors: Hotzel Helmut , Tomaso Herbert , Busch Anne 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Mycoplasma gallopavonis
type strain WR1 (= ATCC 33551 = NCTC 10186), which is a common microorganism in eastern wild turkeys and is considered a nonpathogenic commensal in turkeys.
Importance of safety climate, teamwork climate and demographics: understanding nurses, allied health professionals and clerical staff perceptions of patient safety
Authors: Zaheer Shahram , Ginsburg Liane R , Wong Hannah J , Thomson Kelly , Bain Lorna 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThere is growing evidence regarding the importance of contextual factors for patient/staff outcomes and the likelihood of successfully implementing safety improvement interventions such as checklists; however, certain literature gaps still remain—for example, lack of research examining the interactive effects of safety constructs on outcomes. This study has addressed some of these gaps, together with adding to our understanding of how context influences safety.PurposeThe impact of staff perceptions of safety climate (ie, senior and supervisory leadership support for safety) and teamwork climate on a self-reported safety outcome (ie, overall perceptions of patient safety (PS)) were examined at a hospital in Southern Ontario.MethodsCross-sectional survey data were collected from nurses, allied health professionals and unit clerks working on intensive care, general medicine, mental health or emergency department.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses showed that perceptions of senior leadership (p<0.001) and teamwork (p<0.001) were significantly associated with overall perceptions of PS. A non-significant association was found between perceptions of supervisory leadership and the outcome variable. However, when staff perceived poorer senior leadership support for safety, the positive effect of supervisory leadership on overall perceptions of PS became significantly stronger (p<0.05).Practice implicationsOur results suggest that leadership support at one level (ie, supervisory) can substitute for the absence of leadership support for safety at another level (ie, senior level). While healthcare organisations should recruit into leadership roles and retain individuals who prioritise safety and possess adequate relational competencies, the field would now benefit from evidence regarding how to build leadership support for PS. Also, it is important to provide on-site workshops on topics (eg, conflict management) that can strengthen working relationships across professional and unit boundaries.
MAB21L1 loss of function causes a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with distinctivecerebellar,ocular, craniofacial andgenital features (COFG syndrome)
Authors: Rad Abolfazl , Altunoglu Umut , Miller Rebecca , Maroofian Reza , James Kiely N , Çağlayan Ahmet Okay , Najafi Maryam , Stanley Valentina , Boustany Rose-Mary , Yeşil Gözde , Sahebzamani Afsaneh , Ercan-Sencicek Gülhan , Saeidi Kolsoum , Wu Kaman , Bauer Peter , Bakey Zeineb , Gleeson Joseph G , Hauser Natalie , Gunel Murat , Kayserili Hulya , Schmidts Miriam 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPutative nucleotidyltransferase MAB21L1 is a member of an evolutionarily well-conserved family of the male abnormal 21 (MAB21)-like proteins. Little is known about the biochemical function of the protein; however, prior studies have shown essential roles for several aspects of embryonic development including the eye, midbrain, neural tube and reproductive organs.ObjectiveA homozygous truncating variant inMAB21L1has recently been described in a male affected by intellectual disability, scrotal agenesis, ophthalmological anomalies, cerebellar hypoplasia and facial dysmorphism. We employed a combination of exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping to identify the underlying genetic cause in subjects with similar phenotypic features descending from five unrelated consanguineous families.ResultsWe identified four homozygousMAB21L1loss of function variants (p.Glu281fs*20, p.Arg287Glufs*14 p.Tyr280* and p.Ser93Serfs*48) and one missense variant (p.Gln233Pro) in 10 affected individuals from 5 consanguineous families with a distinctive autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental syndrome. Cardinal features of this syndrome include a characteristic facial gestalt, corneal dystrophy, hairy nipples, underdeveloped labioscrotal folds and scrotum/scrotal agenesis as well as cerebellar hypoplasia with ataxia and variable microcephaly.ConclusionThis report defines an ultrarare but clinically recognisable Cerebello-Oculo-Facio-Genital syndrome associated with recessiveMAB21L1variants. Additionally, our findings further support the critical role of MAB21L1 in cerebellum, lens, genitalia and as craniofacial morphogenesis.
De novo mutation inELOVL1causes ichthyosis,acanthosis nigricans, hypomyelination, spastic paraplegia, high frequency deafness and optic atrophy
Authors: Mueller Noomi , Sassa Takayuki , Morales-Gonzalez Susanne , Schneider Joanna , Salchow Daniel J , Seelow Dominik , Knierim Ellen , Stenzel Werner , Kihara Akio , Schuelke Markus 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundVery long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for functioning of biological membranes. ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1 catalyses elongation of saturated and monounsaturated C22-C26-VLCFAs. We studied two patients with a dominantELOVL1mutation. Independently, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczaket al.had investigated the same patients and found the same mutation. We extended our study towards additional biochemical, functional, and therapeutic aspects.MethodsWe did mutation screening by whole exome sequencing. RNA-sequencing was performed in patient and control fibroblasts. Ceramide and sphingomyelin levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. ELOVL1 activity was determined by a stable isotope-labelled [13C]malonyl-CoA elongation assay. ELOVL1 expression patterns were investigated by immunofluorescence,in situhybridisation and RT-qPCR. As treatment option, we investigated VLCFA loading of fibroblasts.ResultsBoth patients carried an identical heterozygousde novo ELOVL1mutation (c.494C>T, NM_001256399; p.S165F) not deriving from a founder allele. Patients suffered from epidermal hyperproliferation and increased keratinisation (ichthyosis). Hypomyelination of the central white matter explained spastic paraplegia and central nystagmus, while optic atrophy was causative for reduction of peripheral vision and visual acuity. The mutation abrogated ELOVL1 enzymatic activity and reduced ≥C24 ceramides and sphingomyelins in patient cells. Fibroblast loading with C22:0-VLCFAs increased C24:0-ceramides and sphingomyelins. We found competitive inhibition for ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis between saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of modules involved in epidermal development and keratinisation, and downregulation of genes for neurodevelopment, myelination, and synaptogenesis. Many regulated genes carried consensus proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ binding motifs in their 5’-regions.ConclusionA dominantELOVL1mutation causes a neuro-ichthyotic disorder possibly amenable to treatment with PPAR-modulating drugs.
Observed retail price of Australia’s market-leading cigarette brand before and up to 3 years after the implementation of plain packaging
Authors: Egger Sam , Burton Suzan , Ireland Rebecca , Walsberger Scott C 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveDespite claims by tobacco companies that plain packaging would lead to lower cigarette prices, recommended and observed real cigarette prices in Australia rose in the 9–11 months after plain packaging was introduced. However, little is known about trends in prices longer term. In this report, we assess whether inflation (Consumer Price Index; CPI) and tax adjusted (‘CPI-tax-adjusted’) prices of the market-leading Australian cigarette brand changed in the 3-year period after plain packaging, and whether price changes were associated with retailer characteristics.MethodCigarette prices were ascertained from a panel of tobacco retailers at three time points: (1) in November 2012 (n=857) (before full implementation of plain packaging, compulsory in retail outlets from December 2012), (2) between October 2014 and February 2015 (n=789) and (3) between November 2015 and March 2016 (n=579). Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate percentage change in mean CPI/tax-adjusted cigarette prices over time.ResultsCPI/tax-adjusted adjusted mean stick prices rose by 13.7% (95% CI 13.0 to 16.0) and 15.2% (95% CI 14.3 to 16.0) at 2.1 and 3.1 years after plain packaging was introduced, respectively. Increases in mean CPI/tax-adjusted stick prices varied by outlet type (p<0.001), socioeconomic status (p=0.013) and remoteness of retailer’s area (p=0.028) and whether twin packs were sold (p=0.009).ConclusionsContrary to tobacco company predictions of a fall in prices, the price of the market-leading Australian cigarette brand increased significantly in the 3 years after plain packaging was introduced, and these increases were above the combined effects of inflation and increases in excise/customs duty.
Effects of adaptive and cooperative adaptive cruise control on the fuel consumption and emissions at the signalized intersection
Authors: Cui Hongjun , Xing Jiangke , Li Xia , Zhu Minqing 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the HDM car-following model, the IIDM car-following model and the IDM car-following model with a constant-acceleration heuristic is utilized to explore the effects of ACC/CACC on the fuel consumption and emissionsat the signalized intersection. Two simulation experiments are studied: (i) one with free road ahead and (ii) the second with a red light 300 m downstream at the second intersection. The numerical results show that CACC vehicle is the best vehicle type among the three vehicle types from the perspective of vehicle’s cumulative fuel consumptions and cumulative exhaust emissions. The results of this paper also suggest a very high environmental benefit of ACC/CACC at little or no cost in infrastructure.