bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed‐loop blood glucose control for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Furutani Eiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific form of diabetes wherein the immune system destroys insulin‐producing β cells until complete inability to secrete insulin. Patients with T1D require insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels within the desired range, although this is often difficult to achieve. To reduce the burden of the insulin therapy, closed‐loop blood glucose control methods have been studied. In this review, we first introduce some important mathematical models of glucose‐insulin metabolism, followed by some representative blood glucose control systems developed to date and discuss their implications in the near future.
Regional variation in interior Alaskan boreal forests is driven by fire disturbance, topography, and climate
Authors: Roland Carl A. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Winder Samantha G. , Stehn Sarah E. , Nicklen E. Fleur 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh latitude regions are warming rapidly with important ecological and societal consequences. Utilizing two landscape‐scale data sets from interior Alaska, we compared patterns in forest structure in two regions with differing fire disturbance, topography, and summer climate norms. Our goal was to evaluate a set of hypotheses concerning possible warming‐driven changes in forest structure suggested by recent literature. We found essentially consistent habitat associations for the tree flora across two disparate study areas concomitant with considerable differences in observed patterns of forest structure and composition. Our results confirmed expected increases in broadleaved species occupancy and abundance in the warmer, more fire‐affected study region along with considerably higher tree occupancy and abundance in high elevation areas there. However, contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence of expected reductions in conifer occupancy or increases in non‐fire related tree mortality. Instead, both individual and combined tree species occupancy, density, abundance, and richness were considerably higher in the warmer, more fire‐influenced region, except in the warmest, driest areas (steep and south‐facing slopes at low elevation). Our comparison of two landscape‐scale data sets suggests that changes in tree distribution and forest structure in interior Alaska will proceed unevenly, governed by a mosaic of site‐dependent influences wherein forest community composition and species dominance will shift along different trajectories and at different rates according to variation in underlying landscape attributes. Although there were clear differences in forest structure between the two areas that were likely attributable to differences in growing season warmth and fire disturbance, we found scant support for the concept of an incipient, ongoing biome shift in interior Alaska resulting from impending diminution of boreal forest cover over the short to medium term. Indeed, we suggest that (depending on severity of disturbance dynamics and the rapidity of future warming) cooler areas of interior Alaska's forest may reasonably be expected to sustain marginal increases in forest cover with additional warming, at least in certain topographic positions (such as poorly drained basins and cool treeline sites) and/or geographic regions, prior to any landscape‐scale diminution of forest cover due to warming.
‘Beauty and the beast’ in infection: How immune–endocrine interactions regulate systemic metabolism in the context of infection
Authors: Wensveen Felix M. , Šestan Marko , Turk Wensveen Tamara , Polić Bojan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe immune and endocrine systems ensure two vital functions in the body. The immune system protects us from lethal pathogens, whereas the endocrine system ensures proper metabolic function of peripheral organs by regulating systemic homeostasis. These two systems were long thought to operate independently. The immune system uses cytokines and immune receptors, whereas the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate metabolism. However, recent findings show that the immune and endocrine systems closely interact, especially regarding regulation of glucose metabolism. In response to pathogen encounter, cytokines modify responsiveness of peripheral organs to endocrine signals, resulting in altered levels of blood hormones such as insulin, which promotes the ability of the body to fight infection. Here we provide an overview of recent literature describing various mechanisms, which the immune system utilizes to modify endocrine regulation of systemic metabolism. Moreover, we will describe how these immune–endocrine interactions derail in the context of obesity. From a clinical perspective we will elaborate how infection and obesity aggravate the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2 in humans. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of immune‐induced changes in systemic metabolism following infection, with a focus on regulation of glucose metabolism.
Effects of fingerprint development reagents on subsequent DNA analysis
Authors: Lee Haneul , Yim Jihye , Eom Yong‐Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA variety of evidences are found at crime scenes. Fingerprint and DNA evidences are especially important in the process of identifying personal sources. Among evidences found at crime scenes, cigarette butts are important because they might contain both fingerprints and DNA. In this study, latent fingerprints were detected in cigarette butts using 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one (DFO) and 1,2‐Indanedione/zinc chloride (1,2‐IND/Zn). Next, DNA extraction and real‐time qPCR were performed to quantify and identify the DNA present. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling was also performed. The results showed that the quantity of DNA recovered was decreased by 16% in DFO‐treated cigarettes and by 27% in 1,2‐IND/Zn‐treated cigarettes when compared to untreated controls. When the STR profiling results were compared with those of the control sample, DFO, and 1,2‐IND/Zn reagent‐treated DNA samples showed individualized genotyping at several loci. Results of this study showed that when cigarette butts were found, DFO and 1,2‐IND/Zn reagents could be used for DNA profiling after fingerprint identification. However, the effect of DFO on STR profiling was less than that of 1,2‐IND/Zn. Therefore, we recommend the use of DFO for fingerprinting cigarette butts if further DNA processing is planned.
Automated detection and removal of capillary electrophoresis artifacts due to spectral overlap
Authors: Adelman Jonathan D. , Zhao Angie , Eberst D. Spencer , Marciano Michael A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile DNA detection using capillary electrophoresis has enabled improvements in both resolution and throughput, the use of CE – particularly with multiple dye channels – can introduce artifacts that can complicate analyses. Undetected pull‐up artifacts can pose a challenge to investigators, especially in low‐level samples, while partial pull‐up peaks can distort peak height balance within a locus and impact the downstream likelihood ratio. Current methods for addressing pull‐up are typically manually implemented. This study presents an effective alternative: a series of mathematical models, created using symbolic regression achieved through genetic programming. The models estimate the amount of pull‐up expected in a peak from a true allele for a given dye‐dye relationship and instrument type. This leads to the removal of artifactual pull‐up peaks and peak height corrections when pull‐up is present within true alleles. When models are used in conjunction with a dynamic threshold, pull‐up peaks were automatically detected and removed with an accuracy rate of 96.1%. The removal of partial pull‐up from true allele peaks led to a more accurate heterozygote balance for the affected locus. These models have been optimized for use with any analytical threshold and can be implemented by any lab using a 3100 or 3500 instrument series.
CE–MS for anionic metabolic profiling: An overview of methodological developments
Authors: van Mever Marlien , Hankemeier Thomas , Ramautar Rawi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe efficient profiling of highly polar and charged metabolites in biological samples remains a huge analytical challenge in metabolomics. Over the last decade, new analytical techniques have been developed for the selective and sensitive analysis of polar ionogenic compounds in various matrices. Still, the analysis of such compounds, notably for acidic ionogenic metabolites, remains a challenging endeavor, even more when the available sample size becomes an issue for the total analytical workflow. In this paper, we give an overview of the possibilities of capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE–MS) for anionic metabolic profiling by focusing on main methodological developments. Attention is paid to the development of improved separation conditions and new interfacing designs in CE–MS for anionic metabolic profiling. A complete overview of all CE–MS‐based methods developed for this purpose is provided in table format (Table 1) which includes information on sample type, separation conditions, mass analyzer and limits of detection (LODs). Selected applications are discussed to show the utility of CE–MS for anionic metabolic profiling, especially for small‐volume biological samples. On the basis of the examination of the reported literature in this specific field, we conclude that there is still room for the design of a highly sensitive and reliable CE–MS method for anionic metabolic profiling. A rigorous validation and the availability of standard operating procedures would be highly favorable in order to make CE–MS an alternative, viable analytical technique for metabolomics.
Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices
Authors: Molbert Noëlie , Alliot Fabrice , Santos Raphaël , Chevreuil Marc , Mouchel Jean-Marie , Goutte Aurélie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by-products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty-six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1866–1878. © 2019 SETAC.
Abstract
Two analytical procedures were developed for the determination of organic pollutants and their by-products in fish matrices by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analyses, respectively.
Hyperglycemic condition influence on mineral trioxide aggregate biocompatibility and biomineralization
Authors: de Azevedo Queiroz Índia O. , Gonçalves Luanna O. , Takamiya Aline S. , Rezende Gabriely C. , Machado Thiago , Siveiri‐Araujo Gustavo , Ervolino Edilson , Oliveira Sandra H. P. , Gomes‐Filho João E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate in vitro and in vivo the influence of hyperglycemic condition on biocompatibility and biomineralization of gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). For the in vitro study, fibroblast‐like cells L929 were cultured under high or normal glucose concentration to investigate the effects of both MTA's on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines production IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. For the in vivo study, polyethylene tubes containing MTA materials and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissues of Wistar rats previously assigned normal and hyperglycemic. After 7 and 30 days, the tubes with surrounding tissues were removed and subjected to histological, fluorescence and immunohistochemical analyzes of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. In vitro study showed that, under high glucose condition, GMTA reduced cell proliferation and IL‐6 production compared with WMTA. Moreover, in vivo study revealed that hyperglycemic condition did not modify the inflammatory response and cytokines production in the tissue close to both materials. Independently of hyperglycemic status, mineralized areas were observed with both materials, but the fluorescence intensity of WMTA was diminished on 14 days in hyperglycemic animals. It is possible to conclude that GMTA was able to inhibit the proliferation rate and IL‐6 production under high glucose concentration in vitro. Furthermore, cytokines production and inflammatory response were not upregulated in hyperglycemic animals; however, a decrease in the calcium deposition was observed in presence of WMTA, suggesting a delay in the mineralization process.
Bom‐miR‐2805 upregulates the expression of Bombyx mori fibroin light chain gene in vivo
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Jiang Tao , Tan Zhicheng , Xue Peng , Xu Jin , Tang Shunming , Yi Yongzhu , Shen Xingjia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) are inner regulatory RNAs mainly by regulating expression of genes at the posttranscriptional level. To investigate the regulatory function of Bombyx mori (B. mori) fibroin protein genes, the mRNA 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of fibroin light chain gene (BmFib‐L) was used as the target and one miRNA, miR‐2805 was predicted by using the Software. miR‐2805 expression plasmid pcDNA3.0[ie1‐egfp‐pre‐miR‐2805‐SV40] and BmFib‐L 3′‐UTR plasmid pGL3.0[A3‐luc‐Fib‐L‐3′‐UTR‐SV40] were constructed, respectively. The mentioned plasmids were cotransfected in BmN cells, and the regulatory function of miR‐2805 on BmFib‐L was detected by assay of dual luciferase activities, as well as synthesized mimic and inhibitor of miR‐2805. The results revealed that miR‐2805 significantly downregulated the expression of BmFib‐L in BmN cells. To validate the function of miR‐2805 in vivo, cultured silk glands or larvae were injected with solution containing pcDNA3.0[ie1‐egfp‐SV40], pcDNA3.0[ie1‐egfp‐pre‐miR‐2805‐SV40], mimic, inhibitor respectively. BmFib‐L expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using total RNAs extracted from silk glands. The results showed that miR‐2805 significantly upregulated the expression of BmFib‐L in both cultured tissues and individuals. To find out how miR‐2805 differentially regulates BmFib‐L expression in cells and tissues or individuals, we analyzed the expression level of transcription factors (TFs) involved in expression of silk protein genes. The results showed that miR‐2805 upregulated the expression of TFs BmAwh and Bmdimm. These results suggest that miR‐2805 may up‐regulate the expression of BmFib‐L interaction with BmAwh and/or Bmdimm in vivo. These findings are beneficial to clarify the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in regulating B. mori silk protein biosynthesis.
MiR‐202 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in breast cancer by targeting ROCK1 gene
Authors: Xu Fangfang , Li Hui , Hu Chengjiu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to research the effect of miR‐202 on breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and migration.MethodsTCGA analysis was used to research miR‐202 expression and overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Transfection with miR‐202 mimics or cotransfection with miR‐202 mimics and ROCK1 expression vector was performed on breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the miR‐202 expression of breast cancer tissues and cells. Western blot was conducted to research the expression of ROCK1, E‐cadherin, Twist, N‐cadherin, and MMP2. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the targeted relationship between ROCK1 and miR‐202. MTT and transwell assay were used to detect breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and migration.ResultsDownregulation of miR‐202 was positively correlated with poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. miR‐202 in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells was significantly downregulated. Upregulation of miR‐202 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. miR‐202 promoted E‐cadherin expression and inhibited the expression of N‐cadherin, Twist, and MMP2. ROCK1 was the target gene of miR‐202. miR‐202 regulated proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of related proteins in breast cancer cells by targeting ROCK1 expression.ConclusionsmiR‐202 inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting the ROCK1 gene
The role of resveratrol in bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Li Jing , Xin Zhaoxu , Cai Mingjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on BMSCs from patients with osteoporosis. The cell viability and proliferation of BMSCs after treatment with different concentrations of resveratrol was respectively observed by MTT assay and EdU staining. The apoptosis was assessed using by TUNEL staining and the pluripotency was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). The osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation were determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, oil red O (ORO) staining and qRT‐PCR analysis. MTT assay showed that Res at 40, 80, 100 μM markedly improved the cell proliferation of BMSCs from patients with osteoporosis. EdU staining indicated that Res treatment significantly accelerated the proliferation of BMSCs. In addition, the results of TUNEL staining revealed that Res at 40, 80, 100 μM inhibited the osteoporosis‐related apoptosis of BMSCs. qRT‐PCR analysis explored that Res treatment played a positive role in the pluripotency in BMSCs. ALP, ARS staining and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that Res promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, especially at 80 μM. ORO staining and qRT‐PCR analysis proved that treatment of Res inhibited the adipogenesis of BMSCs isolated from patients with osteoporosis. Our findings suggested that Res can play a vital role in the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, pluripotency, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs. And Res might be an efficient therapeutic approach for treating patients with osteoporosis.
Hypoxia‐responsive miRNA‐21‐5p inhibits Runx2 suppression by targeting SMAD7 in MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Li Lujun , Jiang Dianming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSustained hypoxia inhibits osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation by downregulating the expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we profiled miRNAs, with microRNA array and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methods, in mouse osteoblast (MC3T3‐E1) cells under hypoxia. Then, we investigated regulation by miRNA‐21‐5p on the expression of Runx2 and other osteoblast differentiation‐associated markers via gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function strategies. We found that expression of miRNA‐21‐5p, miRNA‐210‐5p, and other eight miRNAs was upregulated significantly in hypoxia‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells. miRNA‐21‐5p overexpression downregulated the expression of the mRNA and protein of suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD7) markedly, the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of which was highly homologous with the miRNA‐21‐5p sequence. miRNA‐21‐5p overexpression upregulated the protein expression of Runx2 in hypoxia‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells, although mRNA expression of Runx2 and other osteoblast differentiation‐associated molecules (eg, osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide, P1NP) were not regulated by it; such upregulation was SMAD7‐dependent. In conclusion, hypoxia‐responsive miRNA‐21‐5p promoted Runx2 expression (at least in part) by targeting the 3′‐UTR and downregulating SMAD7 expression. Our study suggests a protective role of miRNA‐21‐5p in promoting osteoblast differentiation under hypoxia.
The role of P2Y6 receptors in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and its improvement of oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao WenSheng , Shen XinYi , Wan HaiFang , Yu Jian Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the role of P2Y6 receptors in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and progression of oxidative stress, we investigated the efficacy of the selective P2Y6 receptors antagonist MRS2578 on the antiallodynic effects and improvement of pathological neuropathic pain‐induced oxidative stress, thereby finding a potential therapeutic target in neurological disease.Materials and MethodsThe mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of rats was observed in rats after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Meanwhile, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of biological parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in the SDH of rats were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In addition, the mRNA expression and protein levels of P2Y6 were measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Next, the rats subjected to CCI were intrathecally infused with MRS2578 to block the expression of P2Y6 receptors. The positive expression of P2Y6 receptors was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the present study, the results revealed that the P2Y6 expression in the ipsilateral SDH of CCI rats was significantly upregulated. In addition, inhibition of the P2Y6 receptor in SDH increased CCI‐induced tactile allodynia. Furthermore, the levels of SOD, GSH, and HO‐1 which were correlated with oxidative stress produced by CCI were also decreased.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that inhibition of the P2Y6 receptor can generate antiallodynic effects and improved the pathological neuropathic pain‐induced oxidative stress. Thus, this study provides a potential approach for the therapy of neurological disease.
Endothelins and their receptors in embryo implantation
Authors: Mihanfar Aynaz , Sadigh Aydin Raei , Fattahi Amir , Latifi Zeinab , Hasanzadeh‐Moghadam Mahsa , Samadi Mahrokh , Farzadi Laya , Hamdi Kobra , Ghasemzadeh Aliyeh , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs a critical stage of pregnancy, the implantation of blastocysts into the endometrium is a progressive, excessively regulated local tissue remodeling step involving a complex sequence of genetic and cellular interplay executed within an optimal time frame. For better understanding the causes of infertility and, more importantly, for developing powerful strategies for successful implantations and combating infertility, an increasing number of recent studies have been focused on the identification and study of newly described substances in the reproductive tree. The endothelins (ET), a 21‐aminoacidic family of genes, have been reported to be responsible for the contraction of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscles, including the smooth muscles of the uterus. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively discuss the physiological role of endothelins and signaling through their receptors, as well as their probable involvement in the implantation process.