bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a multivariate predictive model to estimate serum ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical profile results in cats
Authors: Hodgson Natasha , McMichael Maureen A. , Jepson Rosanne E. , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of serum ionized calcium is not always available in practice. Total calcium (tCa) might not be reliable for determination of calcium status in cats.ObjectivesTo predict serum ionized calcium concentration from signalment, biochemistry profile and T4, and compare predicted ionized calcium (piCa) to tCa.AnimalsA total of 1701 cats from two hospitals.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Cats with serum ionized calcium, biochemistry profile and T4 available were screened over 6 years and included in the training set (569 cats) to create a multivariate adaptive regression splines model to calculate piCa. Diagnostic performances of tCa and piCa and its prediction interval (PI) were compared in 652 cats from the same institution (test set) and 480 cats from a different hospital (external set).ResultsThe final model included tCa, chloride, albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, body condition score, GGT, age, and potassium. For hypercalcemia, piCa was highly specific (test set: 99.8%; confidence interval [CI]: 99.5‐100; external set: 97%; CI: 95.3‐98.7) but poorly sensitive (test set: 30.4%; CI: 18.3‐42.4; external set: 42.5%; CI: 31.7‐53.3). For hypocalcemia, piCa was also highly specific (test set: 81.6%; CI: 78‐85; external set: 99.6%; CI: 99‐100) but poorly sensitive (test set: 57.6%; CI: 50.6‐64.6; external set: 0%). These diagnostic performances were comparable to those of tCa. The upper and lower limits of piCa PI had high sensitivity for detecting ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importancePredicted ionized calcium is useful to confirm suspected hypercalcemia in cats and screen for hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
Estimation of relative growth of Minor carp Labeo bata (Cyprinidae) through multi‐linear dimensions
Authors: Hossen Md. Alomgir , Rahman Md. Ataur , Hossain Md. Yeamin , Islam Md. Akhtarul , Hasan Md. Rabiul , Mawa Zannatul , Ohtomi Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on relative growth through length‐weight relationships (LWRs) and length‐length relationships (LLRs) using a total of 15 linear dimensions of Minor carp Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) from the Ganges River, northwestern (NW) Bangladesh. Also, meristic counts covering various fin rays and scales from different body parts (including lateral line scales) of L. bata (Hamilton, 1822) have been studied. A total of 300 individuals of L. bata were sampled occasionally from the Ganges River from July 2013 to June 2014, using various traditional fishing gears (e.g., Cast net, Gill net and Square lift net). Number of fin rays from all fins and scales were counted using magnifying glass. Additionally, a total of 15 different lengths were measured to 0.1 cm and whole body weight (BW) was taken to the nearest 0.1 g for each individual. Fin formula of L. bata is as follows: dorsal, D. 10–12 (i–ii/9‐10); pectoral, P1. 12–16 (iii–iv/9–12); pelvic, P2. 9 (i/8); anal, A. 6–7 (ii/4–5); and caudal, C. 20–24 (iv–vi/16–18), respectively. Minimum and maximum lengths were found as 8.0 to 25.1 cm in total length (TL) and body weight (BW) ranges from 4.8 to 161.0 g. All LWRs were highly significant (p < .001) with r2 values ≥0.960. Based on r2 value, LWR by BW versus TL was the best fitted model among 13 equations. In addition, the LLRs were also significant with r2 values ≥ 0.959. According to r2 value, LLR by TL versus FL was the best fitted model among 15 equations. This study would be very effective for species identification and stock assessment in the Ganges River, NW Bangladesh and surrounding ecosystems.
Phyllosticta citricarpa and sister species of global importance to Citrus
Authors: Guarnaccia Vladimiro , Gehrmann Thies , Silva‐Junior Geraldo J. , Fourie Paul H. , Haridas Sajeet , Vu Duong , Spatafora Joseph , Martin Francis M. , Robert Vincent , Grigoriev Igor V. , Groenewald Johannes Z. , Crous Pedro W. 
Published: September 2019

SummarySeveral Phyllosticta species are known as pathogens of Citrus spp., and are responsible for various disease symptoms including leaf and fruit spots. One of the most important species is P. citricarpa, which causes a foliar and fruit disease called citrus black spot. The Phyllosticta species occurring on citrus can most effectively be distinguished from P. citricarpa by means of multilocus DNA sequence data. Recent studies also demonstrated P. citricarpa to be heterothallic, and reported successful mating in the laboratory. Since the domestication of citrus, different clones of P. citricarpa have escaped Asia to other continents via trade routes, with obvious disease management consequences. This pathogen profile represents a comprehensive literature review of this pathogen and allied taxa associated with citrus, focusing on identification, distribution, genomics, epidemiology and disease management. This review also considers the knowledge emerging from seven genomes of Phyllosticta spp., demonstrating unknown aspects of these species, including their mating behaviour.TaxonomyPhyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) Aa, 1973. Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Botryosphaeriales, Family Phyllostictaceae, Genus Phyllosticta, Species citricarpa.Host rangeConfirmed on more than 12 Citrus species, Phyllosticta citricarpa has only been found on plant species in the Rutaceae.Disease symptomsP. citricarpa causes diverse symptoms such as hard spot, virulent spot, false melanose and freckle spot on fruit, and necrotic lesions on leaves and twigs.Useful websitesDOE Joint Genome Institute MycoCosm portals for the Phyllosticta capitalensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycap1), P. citriasiana (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycit1), P. citribraziliensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phcit1), P. citrichinaensis (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phcitr1), P. citricarpa (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycitr1, https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phycpc1), P. paracitricarpa (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phy27169) genomes.All available Phyllosticta genomes on MycoCosm can be viewed at https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyllosticta.
Clinical features and outcome of hepatosplenic fungal infections in children with haematological malignancies
Authors: Madney Youssef , Shalaby Lobna , Elanany Mervat , Adel Naglaa , Nasr Eman , Alsheshtawi Khaled , Younes Alaa , Hafez Hanafy 
Published: September 2019

SummaryHepatosplenic fungal infection (HSFI) is a severe invasive fungal infection observed during neutrophil recovery in patients with acute leukaemia treated with intensive chemotherapy. Retrospective analysis including all paediatric haematological malignancies patients with HSC treated in Children Cancer Hospital Egypt (2013‐2018). Twenty‐five patients with acute leukaemia developed HSFI (19 patients diagnosed as hepatosplenic candidiasis). Most of the cases (92%) occurred during the induction phase. Organs affected were as follows: liver in 18 patients, renal in 13 patients, spleen in 12 patients, skin in four patients and retina in one patient. Five (20%) patients had proven HSC, 14 (56%) probable and six (24%) possible HSFI. Ten patients had a PET‐CT for response assessment. Candida tropicalis was the most common isolated spp. from blood/tissue culture. Six (24%) patients developed HSFI on top of antifungal prophylaxis. Steroids were given in 12 (52%) patients with HSFI as immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS). Caspofungin was the first line of treatment in 14 (56%) patients, liposomal amphotericin B in six (24%) patients and azoles in five (20%) patients. HSFI was associated with delayed of intensification phase of chemotherapy (median 42 days). The success rate was reported in 24 patients with complete response (68%) and partial response in (28%) patients, while failure (death) seen in 1(4%) patient. HSC is still a major challenge in paediatric leukaemias patients with impact on treatment delay and survival outcome. PET scan, non‐culture diagnostics and steroid role evidence in IRS are growing. Antifungal stewardship for screening, early detection for high‐risk patients and better response assessment is challenging.
Projected warming disrupts the synchrony of riparian seed release and snowmelt streamflow
Authors: Perry Laura G. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Hay Lauren E. , Markstrom Steven L. , Bock Andrew R. 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Globally, spring phenology and abiotic processes are shifting earlier with warming. Differences in the magnitudes of these shifts may decouple the timing of plant resource requirements from resource availability. In riparian forests across the northern hemisphere, warming could decouple seed release from snowmelt peak streamflow, thus reducing moisture and safe sites for dominant tree recruitment.

We combined field observations with climate, hydrology, and phenology models to simulate future change in synchrony of seed release and snowmelt peaks in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, for three Salicaceae species that dominate western USA riparian forests.

Chilling requirements for overcoming winter endodormancy were strongest in Salix exigua, moderately supported for Populus deltoides, and indiscernible in Salix amygdaloides. Ensemble mean projected warming of 3.5°C shifted snowmelt peaks 10–19 d earlier relative to S. exigua and P. deltoides seed release, because decreased winter chilling combined with increased spring forcing limited change in their phenology. By contrast, warming shifted both snowmelt peaks and S. amygdaloides seed release 21 d earlier, maintaining their synchrony.

Decoupling of snowmelt from seed release for Salicaceae with strong chilling requirements is likely to reduce resources critical for recruitment of these foundational riparian forests, although the magnitude of future decoupling remains uncertain.
The gap between macroeconomic and microeconomic health resources allocation decisions: The case of nurses
Authors: Igoumenidis Michael , Kiekkas Panagiotis , Papastavrou Evridiki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe allocation of healthcare resources takes place at two distinct levels. At the macroeconomic level, policymakers decide on budgets, staffing, cost‐effectiveness thresholds, clinical guidelines and insurance payments; at the microeconomic level, healthcare professionals decide on whom to treat, what the appropriate treatment is, how much time and effort should each patient receive and how urgent the need for care is. At both levels, there is a constant social need for just allocation. Policymakers are mostly guided by abstract principles of justice, thinking in terms of groups of patients, epidemiological data, impersonal statistics and economic costs. On the other hand, healthcare professionals understand the need for justice at a more personal level, as they interact with patients and, in a sense, put theory into practice. Nurses hold a unique position in healthcare systems, as, traditionally, they are closer to patients than other health professionals. This means that they have a firsthand view of the effect that their decisions have on specific patients and, therefore, nurses tend to get more influenced by their personal feelings, values and beliefs at the microeconomic level. This presentation shall examine the gap between abstract macroeconomic and concrete microeconomic health resources allocation decisions, with a particular emphasis on the role of the nurse.
Functional traits, not productivity, predict alpine plant community openness to seedling recruitment under climatic warming
Authors: Meineri Eric , Klanderud Kari , Guittar John , Goldberg Deborah E. , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: September 2019

Understanding the degree to which plant communities are open to seedling recruitment is key to predicting how they will be impacted by climate change. We experimentally assessed whether communities assembled under colder climates were inherently more open to recruitment than warmer‐climate communities, after controlling for differences in the current climate under which the communities were growing. We then tested whether variation in openness to recruitment could be explained by community biomass or by the plant functional traits of the community.The study was conducted in a climate grid of twelve grassland sites across southern Norway, differing systematically in temperature and precipitation. Along a 2000 mm precipitation gradient, we transplanted turfs with intact plant communities from alpine and sub‐alpine sites into 2°C warmer sites, and measured natural seedling emergence in these transplanted turfs versus locally replanted control turfs at the transplant destination sites. Mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of origin (cold versus warm climate), biomass, and functional trait composition of the communities on seedling emergence. We further assessed variation in these effects across different climatic contexts (the temperature and precipitation gradients).Communities originating from colder climates were consistently more open to recruitment, with on average 44% more seedlings emerging, than the locally replanted control communities. The higher rates of seedling emergence in colder‐climate communities were attributable to systematic differences in plant functional traits, but not in biomass. The colder‐climate communities were composed of species with smaller leaves and lower maximum plant heights; traits that may make these communities less effective at excluding new recruits. These trait‐related responses were not significant in the warmest sites and did not very across the precipitation gradient.Our results suggest that alpine species lack the competitive effect traits required to make their communities resistant to invasion by novel competitors under climate change.
CD80 expression and infiltrating regulatory T cells in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood
Authors: Eroglu Fehime Kara , Orhan Diclehan , İnözü Mihriban , Duzova Ali , Gulhan Bora , Ozaltin Fatih , Topaloglu Rezan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCD80 (also known as B7‐1) is a co‐stimulatory molecule that is expressed in biopsies and also excreted in urine in patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). CD80 is inhibited by the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated‐antigen 4 (CTLA4), which is mainly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs). Ineffective circulating Treg response is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated CD80 expression and infiltrating Tregs in children with MCD and FSGS.MethodsEvaluation of CD80 expression and semi‐quantitative evaluation of Tregs (FOXP3‐positive CD4 T cells) were carried out in 31 kidney biopsies (12 MCD, 19 FSGS) with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining.ResultsAll MCD sections were stained negative; whereas six out of 19 FSGS sections (all from steroid‐resistant (SR) patients), including one from a Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) mutation‐positive FSGS patient, stained positive for anti‐CD80 goat antibody, and negative for anti‐CD80 rabbit antibody. FSGS biopsy specimens had significantly higher FOXP3‐positive cells/mm2 compared with MCD and control samples (P < 0.001). Biopsy samples from SR‐FSGS patients (n = 12) with positive CD80 staining (n = 6) had significantly less Tregs (FOXP3‐positive CD4 T cells) compared with CD80 (−) biopsies (n = 6; P = 0.004).ConclusionCD80 expression was not detected in the majority of the archival biopsy sections and the results were not consistent across the different antibodies. In the SR‐FSGS sections, however, CD80‐positive biopsies had decreased FOXP3‐positive CD4 T cells, suggesting that a decreased anti‐inflammatory milieu may be the cause of increased CD80 expression.
Optimising the quality of an SfM‐MVS slope monitoring system using fixed cameras
Authors: Parente Luigi , Chandler Jim H. , Dixon Neil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe quality of 3D scene reconstruction and monitoring through structure‐from‐motion multiview stereo (SfM‐MVS) depends on critical key factors, including camera calibration and image network geometry. The goal of this paper is to examine the monitoring ability of an SfM‐MVS workflow based on four or more ground‐based digital single‐lens reflex (DSLR) cameras and to estimate differences when adopting both fixed and variable camera positions and orientations. This was achieved by conducting work on a scaled laboratory testfield and a sea cliff. Tests demonstrate that a monitoring system using just four fixed cameras can achieve valuable monitoring capabilities and tolerate imperfections in the camera calibration. Furthermore, such a configuration can achieve accuracies comparable to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and drone‐based photogrammetry. The study demonstrates that minimising registration errors between point clouds is critical. The “registration SIFT” approach could resolve such problems.
Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality
Authors: Thoma Marie E. , Rossen Lauren M. , De Silva Dane A. , Warner Margaret , Simon Alan E. , Moskosky Susan , Ahrens Katherine A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes.ObjectiveWe examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postneonatal mortality.MethodsWe used 2011‐2015 US period‐linked birth‐infant death vital statistics data to generate a multiyear birth cohort of non‐first‐born singleton births (N = 9 782 029). IPI was defined as the number of months between a live birth and the start of the pregnancy leading to the next live birth. Causes of death in the first year of life were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Hazard ratios (HR) for IPI categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth order, county poverty level, and maternal characteristics (marital status, race/ethnicity, education, age at previous birth).ResultsAfter adjustment, overall infant mortality (48.1 per 10 000 births) was higher for short and long IPIs compared with IPI 18‐23 months (reference): <6, aHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.54, 1.68; 6‐11, aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26; and 60+ months, aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08, 1.16. In comparison, the risk of injury‐related infant mortality (4.4 per 10 000 births) decreased with longer IPIs: <6, aHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.55, 2.01; 6‐11, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25, 1.59; 12‐17, aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41; 24‐59, aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87; and 60+ months, aHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.48, 0.62.ConclusionUnlike overall infant mortality, injury‐related infant mortality decreased with IPI length. While injury‐related deaths are rare, these patterns suggest that the timing between births may be a marker of risk for fatal infant injuries. The first year postpartum may be an ideal time for the delivery of evidence‐based injury prevention programmes as well as family planning services.
Sperm mitochondrial regulation in motility and fertility in horses
Authors: Meyers Stuart , Bulkeley Evelyn , Foutouhi Azarene 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe biological nature of age‐related declines in fertility in males of any species, including stallions, has been elusive. In horses, the economic costs to the breeding industry are frequently extensive. Mitochondrial function in ejaculated sperm, which is essential for sperm motility, is reflected by adenosine triphosphate production, mitochondrial oxidative efficiency and production of reactive oxygen species, and that this balance may become compromised in ageing stallions and during the process of cryopreservation. This presentation will focus on mitochondrial integrity and function as an avenue for understanding the pathophysiology of sperm when undergoing cryopreservation and male ageing. We discuss the importance of understanding the differences and similarities of sperm mitochondria to that of somatic cells regarding structure and mitochondrial biochemistry relating to sperm function. The roles of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in sperm mitochondria are outlined as is the method of determining oxygen consumption and calcium homoeostasis in sperm mitochondria. Further, we outline the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species.
Nations as Zones of Conflict, Nations as Zones of Selection: A Darwinian Social Evolutionary Engagement with John Hutchinson's ‘Culture Wars’
Authors: Kerr William 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the use of Darwinian social evolutionary theory towards understanding the formation of nations through a specific engagement with John Hutchinson'sNations as Zones of Conflict, particularly the idea of ‘culture wars’. After outlining Hutchinson's framework and the principles of Darwinian social evolutionary theory – namely, the key concepts of inheritance, variation, and selection within an environmental context – I make a case for Darwinian concepts being able to support and expand on Hutchinson's ethno‐symbolic approach. I argue that Darwinian social evolutionary theory offers a powerful explanation for why particular myths, symbols, traditions, and memories endure and are revived and revitalized in nationalist contexts. The development of nationalism in Meiji Japan is used as an example to explore these ideas.
The Neighbour’s Effect on well‐Being: How Local Relative Income Differentials Affect Resident's Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Rijnks Richard Henry , Koster Sierdjan , McCann Philip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies relating income to subjective well‐being have found that both absolute and relative income determine individual well‐being. This paper assesses the effect of relative income on subjective well‐being, and the spatial scale on which this comparison takes place. This study employs spatial data on individual well‐being, health, socio‐economic status, and psychometrics. The findings suggest that relative income is a significant predictor of subjective well‐being. The relationship is negative for high‐income households, but absent or reversed for low income households showing an asymmetric relationship. The spatial scale for the comparison effect is small, with a bandwidth of 100 metres providing the best fit.
Optimal spatial data matching for conflation: A network flow‐based approach
Authors: Lei Ting , Lei Zhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpatial data conflation involves the matching and merging of counterpart features in multiple datasets. It has applications in practical spatial analysis in a variety of fields. Conceptually, the feature‐matching problem can be viewed as an optimization problem of seeking a match plan that minimizes the total discrepancy between datasets. In this article, we propose a powerful yet efficient optimization model for feature matching based on the classic network flow problem in operations research. We begin with a review of the existing optimization‐based methods and point out limitations of current models. We then demonstrate how to utilize the structure of the network‐flow model to approach the feature‐matching problem, as well as the important factors for designing optimization‐based conflation models. The proposed model can be solved by general linear programming solvers or network flow solvers. Due to the network flow formulation we adopt, the proposed model can be solved in polynomial time. Computational experiments show that the proposed model significantly outperforms existing optimization‐based conflation models. We conclude with a summary of findings and point out directions of future research.