bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model-free inverse method for transit imaging of stellar surfaces
Authors: Aronson Erik , Piskunov Nikolai 
Published: February 2019

Context. We present a model-free method for mapping surface brightness variations.
Aims. We aim to develop a method that is not dependent on either stellar atmosphere models or limb-darkening equation. This method is optimized for exoplanet transit surveys such that a large database of stellar spot coverage can be created.
Methods. The method uses light curves from several transit events of the same system. These light curves are phase-folded and median-combined to for a high-quality light curve without temporal local brightness variations. Stellar specific intensities are extracted from this light curve using a model-free method. We search individual light curves for departures from the median-combined light curve. Such departures are interpreted as brightness variations on the stellar surface. A map of brightness variations on the stellar surface is produced by finding the brightness distribution that can produce a synthetic light curve that fits observations well. No assumptions about the size, shape, or contrast of brightness variations are made.
Results. We successfully reproduce maps of stellar disks from both synthetic data and archive observations from FORS2, the visual and near UV FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph for the Very Large Telescope (VLT).
CHANG-ES XII
Authors: Miskolczi A. , Heesen V. , Horellou C. , Bomans D.-J. , Beck R. , Heald G. , Dettmar R.-J. , Blex S. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Chyży K. T. , Stein Y. , Irwin J. A. , Shimwell T. W. , Wang Q. D. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Low-frequency radio continuum studies of star-forming edge-on galaxies can help to further understand how cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) propagate through the interstellar medium into the halo and how this is affected by energy losses and magnetic fields.
Aims. Observations with the Very Large Array (VLA) from Continuum Haloes in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) are combined with those with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS ) to identify the prevailing mode of cosmic-ray transport in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3556.
Methods. We mapped the radio spectral index, magnetic field strength, and orientation using VLA 1.5 and 6 GHz and LOFAR 144 MHz data, and we fit 1D cosmic-ray propagation models to these maps using SPINNAKER (Spectral Index Numerical Analysis of K(c)osmic-ray electron radio emission) and its interactive wrapper SPINTERACTIVE.
Results. We find that the spectral index in the galactic midplane is, as expected for young CRe, α ≈ −0.7 and steepens towards the halo of the galaxy as a consequence of spectral ageing. The intensity scale heights are about 1.4 and 1.9 kpc for the thin disc, and 3.3 and 5.9 kpc for the thick disc at 1.5 GHz and 144 MHz, respectively. While pure diffusion cannot explain our data, advection can, particularly if we assume a linearly accelerating wind. Our best-fitting model has an initial speed of 123 km s−1 in the galactic midplane and reaches the escape velocity at heights between 5 kpc and 15 kpc above the disc, depending on the assumed dark matter halo of the galaxy. This galactic wind scenario is corroborated by the existence of vertical filaments seen both in the radio continuum and in H α in the disc-halo interface and of a large-scale reservoir of hot, X-ray emitting gas in the halo.
Conclusions. Radio haloes show the existence of galactic winds, possibly driven by cosmic rays, in typical star-forming spiral galaxies.
Characterizing the radio emission from the binary galaxy cluster merger Abell 2146
Authors: Hoang D. N. , Shimwell T. W. , van Weeren R. J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , Brüggen M. , Cassano R. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Gendron-Marsolais M.-L. , Stroe A. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Collisions of galaxy clusters generate shocks and turbulence in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). The presence of relativistic particles and magnetic fields is inferred through the detection of extended synchrotron radio sources such as haloes and relics and implies that merger shocks and turbulence are capable of (re-)accelerating particles to relativistic energies. However, the precise relationship between merger shocks, turbulence, and extended radio emission is still unclear. Studies of the most simple binary cluster mergers are important to help understand the particle acceleration in the ICM.
Aims. Our main aim is to study the properties of the extended radio emission and particle acceleration mechanism(s) associated with the generation of relativistic particles in the ICM.
Methods. We measure the low-frequency radio emission from the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2146 with LOFAR at 144 MHz. We characterize the spectral properties of the radio emission by combining these data with data from archival Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 238 MHz and 612 MHz and Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.5 GHz.
Results. We observe extended radio emission at 144 MHz behind the NW and SE shocks. Across the NW extended source, the spectral index steepens from −1.06 ± 0.06 to −1.29 ± 0.09 in the direction of the cluster centre. This spectral behaviour suggests that a relic is associated with the NW upstream shock. The precise nature of the SE extended emission is unclear. It may be a radio halo bounded by a shock or a superposition of a relic and halo. At 144 MHz, we detect a faint emission that was not seen with high-frequency observations, implying a steep (α <  −1.3) spectrum nature of the bridge emission.
Conclusions. Our results imply that the extended radio emission in Abell 2146 is probably associated with shocks and turbulence during cluster merger. The relativistic electrons in the NW and SE may originate from fossil plasma and thermal electrons, respectively.
Stratégie et équipements de prévention vis-à-vis du gel de printemps et de la grêle. Perspectives en lien avec les changements climatiques, projet ADVICLIM
Authors: Rochard J. , Monamy C. , Pauthier B. , Rocque A. 
Published: February 2019

Une grande partie du vignoble a été touchée par l'épisode de gel qui est intervenu sur plusieurs jours fin avril 2017 et qui a occasionné des dégâts pour de nombreuses régions françaises y compris méridionales, ainsi que d'autres pays de la zone Ouest de l'Europe (Angleterre, Allemagne, Italie, Suisse, etc.). Le gel, la grêle et une sécheresse très marquée dans les zones méridionales ont abouti à une baisse d'environ 10 millions d'hectolitres par rapport à 2016 ce qui correspond, par rapport à une moyenne décennale, à une diminution de l'ordre de 18 %. En 2018, de nombreuses régions viticoles France ont été touchées par la grêle. Le projet CLIMFROST, financé par France Agrimer, a pour objectif d'aider la profession viticole française à appréhender les risques de gel de printemps et de grêle dans leur contexte local, afin d'adopter une stratégie (réserves climatiques, assurances, mesures agronomiques, techniques de protection) permettant de réduire l'impact financier direct et indirect. En complément des aspects techniques, la communication a pour objectif de resituer ces phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans la perspective des changements climatiques, en lien notamment avec le projet européen LIFE ADVICLIM www.adviclim.eu. Cette communication présente une synthèse d'une plaquette « aléas climatiques de la vigne : grêle, gel de printemps », téléchargeable sur le site www.vignevin.com.
A plant regeneration platform to apply new breeding techniques for improving disease resistance in grapevine rootstocks and cultivars
Authors: Sabbadini S. , Capriotti L. , Limera C. , Navacchi O. , Tempesta G. , Mezzetti B. 
Published: February 2019

Worldwide grapevine cultivation is based on the use of elite cultivars, in many cases strictly linked to local important wine brands. Most ofVitis viniferacultivars have high susceptibility to fungal and viral diseases therefore, new breeding techniques (e.g. Cisgenesis, RNAi and gene editing) offer the possibility to introduce new clones of the main cultivars with increased diseases resistance, in order to reduce environmental impact and improve quality in the intensive wine grape industry. This study is finalized to develop efficientin vitroregeneration and transformation protocols to extend the application of these technologies in wine grape cultivars and rootstocks. With this aim,in vitroregeneration protocols based on the production of meristematic bulks (Mezzetti et al., 2002) were optimized for different grapevine cultivars (Glera, Vermentino, Sangiovese, Thompson Seedless) and rootstocks (1103 Paulsen, and 110 Richter). The meristematic bulks were then used as explants forAgrobacteriummediated genetic transformation protocols, by comparing the use of NPTII and e-GFP as marker genes. Results confirmed the efficiency of meristematic bulks as the regenerating tissue to produce new modified plants in almost all the above genotypes. The highest regeneration efficiency in some genotypes allowed the selection of stable modified lines/calli with only the use of e-GFP marker gene. This protocol can be applied in the use of MYB marker gene for the production of cisgenic lines. Genotypes having the highest regeneration and transformation efficiency were also used for transformation experiments using a hairpin gene construct designed to silence the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RpRd) of the GFLV and GLRaV3, which would induce multiple virus resistances, and the Dicer-like protein 1 (Bc-DCL1) and Bc-DCL2 to controlB. cinereainfection.
Résidus phytosanitaires dans les vins : état des lieux, analyses et expertise
Authors: Grinbaum M. , Dubernet M. , Bouazza V. , Debez E. , Lempereur V. 
Published: February 2019

Protéger la vigne à l'aide d'une substance active phytosanitaire, qu'elle soit d'origine de synthèse ou naturelle, peut entraîner la présence de résidus de cette substance ou de ses produits de dégradation dans le raisin puis dans le vin. Ces résidus sont réglementés et autorisés à condition qu'ils ne dépassent pas les limites maximales de résidus (LMR) exprimées en mg/kg. On voit cependant apparaître sur le marché de plus en plus de labels ou de chartes exigeant le « zéro résidu » dans les vins. Des précisions sont apportées pour faciliter l'interprétation d'une analyse de résidus et la nécessité d'une expertise technique pour accompagner ces résultats. Un état des lieux des résidus retrouvés dans les vins est ensuite dressé. Il confirme que les teneurs quantifiées sont en très forte diminution par rapport aux dernières décennies. Aucun dépassement de LMR n'est constaté, les concentrations moyennes étant inférieures à 1% des LMR. Enfin, un focus est réalisé sur deux molécules fongicides qui sont régulièrement retrouvées dans les vins, y compris dans les vins biologiques, pouvant entraîner des déclassements par les organismes certificateurs. Plusieurs hypothèses sur des sources d'apports autres que phytosanitaires en ces molécules dans les vins sont présentées.
Alarmierend hohe Rate saphenofemoraler Rezidive nach
endovenöser Lasertherapie
Authors: Mumme Achim , Mühlberger Dominik , Sidhwa Yazad , Hummel Thomas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBei den endovenösen Verfahren zur Behandlung der Stammveneninsuffizienz wird auf
das Prinzip der Crossektomie verzichtet und es verbleibt nahezu regelhaft ein
Crossenstumpf. Bei der operativen Therapie ist dagegen die Crossektomie ein
unverzichtbarer Bestandteil des Behandlungskonzeptes und das Belassen eines
Crossenstumpfes gilt als Behandlungsfehler, der die Ausbildung von
Crossenrezidiven begünstigt. Im Bereich der Saphenacrosse gibt es daher momentan
kein einheitliches Behandlungsprinzip. Was bei dem einen Verfahren als
Therapieempfehlung gilt, ist bei dem anderen Verfahren ein Behandlungsfehler.
Vor diesem Hintergrund sind Langzeitergebnisse der konkurrierenden
Verfahrensweisen relevant. Insbesondere muss die Frage geklärt werden, ob die
Abkehr vom Prinzip der Crossektomie tatsächlich ohne Auswirkungen auf die
Rezidivrate ist.In einer Literaturrecherche bei PubMed wurde nach prospektiven randomisierten
Studien (RCT) mit mindestens 5 Jahren Nachbeobachtungszeitraum gesucht, in denen
endovenöse Hitzeablationsverfahren mit der Crossektomie und Stripping-Operation
(C + S) verglichen wurden und in denen die duplexsonographische Erfassung von
Crossenrefluxen erfolgte. Das duplexsonographische Crossenrezidiv gilt als
Surrogatparameter für das später auftretende klinische Crossenrezidiv. Es wurden
insgesamt 7 RCTs identifiziert, in denen die o. g. Kriterien eingehalten wurden.
In 6 RCTs wurde die Lasertherapie (EVLA) untersucht und in einer Studie die
Radiowellentherapie. Zugunsten einer besseren Homogenität der Vergleichsgruppen
wurde die einzige Radiowellenstudie exkludiert, so dass ausschließlich EVLA-RCTs
eingeschlossen wurden. In keiner RCT war die Rate duplexsonographischer
Crossenrezidive nach EVLA niedriger als nach C + S. In einer Studie waren die
Rezidivraten gleich und in 5 Studien ergab sich ein Vorteil für die Operation.
In diesen RCTs war die Rate duplexsonographischer Crossenrezidive nach EVLA
1,7–5,6mal höher als nach Operation. Die Datenlage in RCTs mit mittelfristigem
Nachuntersuchungszeitraum deutet darauf hin, dass die Abkehr vom Prinzip der
Crossektomie zumindest bei der EVLA zulasten einer höheren Rate von
Crossenrezidiven geht. Angesichts der großen sozialmedizinischen Bedeutung des
Crossenrezidivs sind diese Zahlen alarmierend, da mit hohen Folgekosten für die
Behandlung der Rezidive gerechnet werden muss.
Möglichkeiten zur Rezidivprophylaxe in der
Varizenchirurgie
Authors: Frings N. , Brümmer L. , Prinz N. , Glowacki P. , Rass K. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie hohe Crossenrezidivquote in der Varizenchirurgie führt zur Verpflichtung,
Maßnahmen zur Rezidivprophylaxe einzusetzen.Durch diverse Barrieretechniken an der Crosse lässt sich die Refluxquote auf
Werte zwischen 1,5 und 3 % nach 2–5 Jahren bei einer Erstoperation reduzieren.
Die einfachsten Techniken stellen die Elektrokoagulation des
Crossenstumpfendothels mit Naht der Lamina cribrosa sowie die extensive
Crossektomie mit Stumpfübernaht dar. Dennoch kann das Crossenrezidiv nicht
völlig vermieden werden. Die Remodelling Hypothese zur Genese der Varikosis,
welche mit chronisch inflammatorischen Prozessen einhergeht sowie die weiteren
Faktoren, welche mit einem Crossenrezidiv assoziiert sind, spielen hier eine
bedeutsame Rolle. Es sollten somit zusätzlich zu den Barrieretechniken auch
nicht operative, antiinflammatorisch wirksame Maßnahmen in das
Behandlungsspektrum aufgenommen werden: Venenbewusste Lebensführung mit
Kompressionsstrümpfen, Vermeiden von langem Sitzen und Stehen,
Ausdauerbewegungen und bei Übergewicht Reduzierung des viszeralen Fettgewebes.
Studien zu dieser nicht operativen Form der Crossenrezidivprophylaxe fehlen
jedoch.
Die Chirurgie der Vena saphena parva – endoluminal oder
operativ
Authors: Stenger Dietmar , Hartmann Michael 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBislang existiert kein einheitlicher Standard in der operativen oder endovenösen
Therapie der Parvainsuffizienz. Daher ist eine direkte Vergleichbarkeit
operativer und endovenöser Verfahren bislang nur eingeschränkt möglich.
Insbesondere erschweren unterschiedliche Definitionen eines Rezidivs die
Vergleichbarkeit der unterschiedlichen Therapieoptionen. Prospektive
randomisierte Studien zu den Langzeitergebnissen fehlen. Aufgrund der schwachen
Datenlage sind grundsätzliche Empfehlungen für oder gegen die eine oder andere
Therapieoption derzeit nicht möglich. Dennoch gibt es in der täglichen Praxis
eindeutige Vorteile für die Operation oder für die endovenöse Therapie, auch
wenn entsprechende Vergleichsstudien fehlen. Die Rezidivraten sind sowohl bei
operativer- als auch bei endovenöser Behandlung hoch. Allerdings wird weder bei
der Operation, noch bei der endovenösen Therapie eine komplette Ausschaltung der
krankhaft veränderten Vene vorgenommen. Zukünftige Studien sollten klären,
inwieweit die komplette Ausschaltung der Parvacrosse mit Umsetzung des Prinzips
der Crossektomie zu einer Verbesserung der Ergebnisse beitragen kann.
Molecular Docking and 3D Qsar Studies of C000000956 as a Potent Inhibitor of Bace-1
Authors: Joseph Ogunleye Adewale , Babatomiwa Kikiowo , Niyi Adelakun , Olaposi Omotuyi , Olumide Inyang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background BACE-1 is an aspartate protease that is responsible for the proteolysis of amyloid precursor proteins (APP) into beta-amyloid (Aβ), a neurotoxic peptide in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As such, BACE-1 is a prime pharmacological target in the control of Aβ in the brain and its inhibition will be a sound approach in AD therapy.
Methods The computational pipeline which comprised molecular docking (MD), Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) modelling and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) studies enabled the prediction of molecular interaction and relative inhibitory potentials of the hit compound.
Results and Discussion The current study reports a naturally sourced small molecule inhibitor of BACE1 (C000000956) which was obtained through a computational pipeline. Also, pharmacological constraints such as pH dependent activity of the enzyme and blood brain barrier permeation which have been associated with the efficacy of previous BACE-1 inhibitors were well catered for. Our results suggest that orally delivered C000000956 is a potential small molecule inhibitor of BACE-1 which may find usefulness in AD-therapy.
Lectin Stimulation of Tissue Thromboplastin Activity in Human Monocytes in vitro
Authors: Lyberg T , Prydz H 
Published: February 2019

SummaryLectins (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) trigger an increase in tissue thromboplastin activity of human monocytes in vitro. The presence of serum was not necessary and did not enhance the activity. The increase was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is involved.
Platelet Release Reaction in vivo in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease after Isometric Exercise and its Prevention with Dipyridamole
Authors: Sano Tadahiro , Motomiya Takeshi , Yamazaki Hiroh 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn 20 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), platelet sensitivity to ADP- aggregation, plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) were measured before and after isometric exercise. Effect of dipyridamole on these determinants was studied in a crossover fashion. To assess plasma vWF level, a new simple method was employed which has the advantage of not requiring an optical aggregometer and was proved to be reproducible.No significant difference was seen in platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation, vWF and β-TG among healthy controls, IHD patients on placebo and on dipyridamole at rest. After exercise, platelet sensitivity to aggregation, plasma vWF and β-TG increased significantly in IHD patients on placebo. In healthy controls, no significant changes were seen. On dipyridamole, above changes seen in IHD patients were not seen.The results suggests that isometric exercise may induce platelet release reaction in vivo and may produce hypercoagulable state in IHD patients. These phenomena may be prevented by pretreatment with dipyridamole.
The Effect on Thromboelastogram of Normal Blood and Procoagulant Activity of Gel Filtered Uraemic Platelets
Authors: Umiastowski Jerzy , Suchecki Tadeusz 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe effect on thromboeiastogram of normal blood, and activity of platelet factor 3 of gel filtered uraemic platelets were investigated. It was found that gel filtered uraemic platelets cause shortening of “r” time of thromboeiastogram and show increased activity of platelet factor 3 (stypven time). Both phenomena were interpreted as being due to increase of platelet procoagulant activity.
Absence of the 145,000 Molecular Weight, Soluble Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein - Lack of Platelet Agglutination
Authors: Solum Nils Olav , Hagen Inger , Peterka Miroslav , Gjemdal Torbjørn 
Published: February 2019

SummaryOne step in the function of platelets in hemostasis is their adhesion to subendothelial tissue. The human factor VIII related protein (von Willebrand factor) is considered to be involved in the adhesion phenomenon (Baumgartner et al. 1977). One manifestation of the protein-cell interaction can be observed as a platelet agglutination after addition to the human platelets of a combination of the human protein and the glycopeptide ristocetin, or after addition of the bovine protein alone. The bovine factor VIII related protein as such directly binds to the platelet membrane (Kirby and Sha May Tang 1977) and thus represents a simpler system than ristocetin plus the human cofactor which may have to interact with each other before excerting their effect on the platelet membrane. The present paper concerns the se.One of the characteristics of the agglutination of human platelets brought about by the bovine factor VIII related protein (as well as by ristocetin plus the human cofactor) is that it is independent of the energy metabolism and the internal organization of the platelet. One would therefore expect that modified platelets and platelet “ghosts” would agglutinate as long as certain structures on the outer cell surface are chemically and sterically intact. Because of the hydrophilic character of the carbohydrate side chains, the membrane glycoproteins are considered of special importance for cell contact phenomena. Thus it has already been known for some years that giant platelets of the Bernard-Soulier type which do not agglutinate with the bovine protein (Bithell et al. 1972), contain a reduced amount of sialic acid related to protein content and surface area (Grottum and Solum 1969), and show a reduced glycoprotein stain in the GP I region on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Nurden and Caen 1975).This paper presents five observations which support a working hypothesis stating that the presence on the platelet membrane of the 145,000 molecular weight, soluble platelet membrane glycoprotein called GPS or glycocalicin is a prerequisite to the agglutination of human platelets by bovine factor VIII related protein.
Plasma Concentrations of High Molecular Weight Kininogen and Prekallikrein and Venous Thromboembolism Incidence in the General Population
Authors: Folsom Aaron , Tang Weihong , Basu Saonli , Misialek Jeffrey , Couper David , Heckbert Susan , Cushman Mary 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe kallikrein/kinin system, an intravascular biochemical pathway that includes several proteins involved in the contact activation system of coagulation, renin–angiotensin activation and inflammation, may or may not play a role in venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence. Within a large prospective population-based study in the United States, we conducted a nested case–cohort study to test the hypothesis that higher plasma levels of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) or prekallikrein are associated with greater VTE incidence. We related baseline enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measures of HK and prekallikrein in 1993 to 1995 to incidence VTE of the lower extremity (n = 612) through 2015 (mean follow-up = 18 years). We found no evidence that plasma HK or prekallikrein was associated positively with incident VTE. HK, in fact, was associated inversely and significantly with VTE in most proportional hazards regression models. For example, the hazard ratio of VTE per standard deviation higher HK concentration was 0.88 (95% confidence interval = 0.81, 0.97), after adjustment for several VTE risk factors. Our findings suggest that plasma levels of these factors do not determine the risk of VTE in the general population.