bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage and the repeated bout effect of arm, leg, and trunk muscles induced by eccentric resistance exercises
Authors: Chen Trevor C. , Yang Tsung‐Jen , Huang Min‐Jyue , Wang Ho‐Seng , Tseng Kuo‐Wei , Chen Hsin‐Lian , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: January 2019

This study compared nine resistance eccentric exercises targeting arm, leg, and trunk muscles in one session for changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and myoglobin (Mb) concentration after the first and second bouts. Fifteen sedentary men (20‐25 years) performed 5 sets of 10 eccentric contractions with 80% of MVC load for the elbow flexors (EF), elbow extensors (EE), pectoralis, knee extensors (KE), knee flexors (KF), plantar flexors (PF), latissimus, abdominis, and erector spinae (ES) in a randomized order and repeated the same exercises 2 weeks later. MVC decreased at 1 (16%‐57%) to 4 (13%‐49%) days, DOMS developed (peak: 43‐70 mm), and CK activity (peak: 23 238‐207 304 IU/L) and Mb concentration showed large increases after the first bout. The magnitude of decrease in MVC was greater (P < 0.05) for EF, EE, and PEC than others and for KF than KE, PF, and ES. DOMS was greater (P < 0.05) for EF, EE, and ES than others. Changes in all measures were smaller (P < 0.05) after the second than the first bout, and the magnitude of the repeated bout effect was similar among the muscles. Plasma CK activity and Mb concentration did not increase significantly after the second exercise bout. It was concluded that muscle damage was greater for arm than leg muscles, and muscle proteins in the blood increased to a critical level after unaccustomed whole‐body resistance exercises, but the magnitude of damage was largely attenuated for all muscles similarly after the second bout.
Is ski boot sole abrasion a potential ACL injury risk factor for male and female recreational skiers?
Authors: Posch Markus , Ruedl Gerhard , Schranz Alois , Tecklenburg Katja , Burtscher Martin 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential impact of ski boot sole abrasion on the ACL injury risk of recreational skiers.MethodsDuring the past two winter seasons 2016/17 and 2017/18, this retrospective case‐control study was conducted in one Austrian ski area. Among a cohort of 148 ACL‐injured (51.4% females) and 455 uninjured recreational skiers (43.3% females), age, sex, height, weight, and self‐reported skill level were collected by questionnaire, ski length and sidecut radius were notated and sole abrasion of the toe and heel piece of the ski boot was measured using a digital caliper.ResultsACL‐injured skiers showed a higher proportion of female (51.4% vs 43.3%, P < 0.001) and less skilled skiers (48.6% vs 20.9%, P < 0.001), and ski length to height ratio was higher (94.7 ± 3.7 vs 93.8 ± 5.0%, P = 0.019) compared to uninjured skiers. ACL‐injured skiers used ski boots of greater abrasion at the toe (4.8 ± 1.8 vs 2.4 ± 2.5 mm, P < 0.001) and heel piece (5.4 ± 1.8 vs 3.3 ± 2.3 mm, P < 0.001) compared to controls. Multivariate regression analysis revealed, beside female sex (OR 6.0, 95% CI, 3.1‐11.5, P < 0.001), lower skill level (OR 3.2, 95% CI, 1.9‐5.4, P < 0.001) and ski length to height ratio (OR 1.1, 95% CI, 1.0‐1.2, P < 0.001), sole abrasion at the toe (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.5‐2.1, P < 0.001) and heel piece (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2‐1.6, P < 0.001) to be independently associated with an ACL injury among recreational alpine skiers.ConclusionsBased on the underlying findings, ski boot sole abrasion was found to be an independent risk factor and may contribute to an increased ACL injury risk.
Virtual image correlation of magnetic resonance images for 3D geometric modelling of pelvic organs
Authors: Jiang Zhifan , Mayeur Olivier , Witz Jean‐François , Lecomte‐Grosbras Pauline , Dequidt Jeremie , Cosson Michel , Duriez Christian , Brieu Mathias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNumerical simulation of pelvic system could lead to a better understanding of common pathology through objective and reliable analyses of pelvic mobility according to mechanical principles. In clinical context, patient‐specific simulation has the potential for a proper patient‐personalised cure. For this purpose, a simulable 3D geometrical model, well suited to patient anatomy, is required. However, the geometric modelling of pelvic system from medical images (MRI) is a complex operator‐dependent and time‐consuming process, not adapted to patient‐specific applications. This paper is addressing this challenging computational problem. The objective is to develop a technique, providing a smooth, consistent, and readily usable 3D geometrical model, seamlessly from image to simulation. In this paper, we use a generic topologically‐simplified B‐Spline model to represent pelvic organs. The presented paper develops a Virtual Image Correlation method to find the best correlation between the geometry and the image. The final reconstructed geometrical model is to be compatible with meshing and finite element simulation. Then, a variety of tests are performed to prove the concept, through both prototypical and pelvic models. Finally, since the pelvic system is complex, including structures hardly identifiable in MRI, some feasible solutions to introduce more complex pelvic models are also discussed.
Cognitive Success: A Consequentialist Account of Rationality in Cognition
Authors: Schurz Gerhard , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne of the most discussed issues in psychology—presently and in the past—is how to define and measure the extent to which human cognition is rational. The rationality of human cognition is often evaluated in terms of normative standards based on a priori intuitions. Yet this approach has been challenged by two recent developments in psychology that we review in this article: ecological rationality and descriptivism. Going beyond these contributions, we consider it a good moment for psychologists and philosophers to join forces and work toward a new foundation for the definition of rational cognition. We take a first step in this direction by proposing that the rationality of both cognitive and normative systems can be measured in terms of their cognitive success. Cognitive success can be defined and gauged in terms of two factors: ecological validity (the system's validity in conditions in which it is applicable) and the system's applicability (the scope of conditions under which it can be applied). As we show, prominent systems of reasoning—deductive reasoning, Bayesian reasoning, uncertain conditionals, and prediction and choice—perform rather differently on these two factors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that conceptualizing rationality according to its cognitive success offers a new perspective on the time‐honored relationship between the descriptive (“is”) and the normative (“ought”) in psychology and philosophy.
An Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme‐like protein specifically oxidizes cellulose oligomers and plays a role in immunity
Authors: Locci Federica , Benedetti Manuel , Pontiggia Daniela , Citterico Matteo , Caprari Claudio , Mattei Benedetta , Cervone Felice , De Lorenzo Giulia 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe plant cell wall is the barrier that pathogens must overcome to cause a disease, and to this end they secrete enzymes that degrade the various cell wall components. Due to the complexity of these components, several types of oligosaccharide fragments may be released during pathogenesis and some of these can act as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Well‐knownDAMPs are the oligogalacturonides (OGs) released upon degradation of homogalacturonan and the products of cellulose breakdown, i.e. the cellodextrins (CDs). We have previously reported that four Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme‐like (BBE‐like) proteins (OGOX1–4) oxidizeOGs and impair their elicitor activity. We show here that another ArabidopsisBBE‐like protein, which is expressed coordinately withOGOX1 during immunity, specifically oxidizesCDs with a preference for cellotriose (CD3) and longer fragments (CD4–CD6). OxidizedCDs show a negligible elicitor activity and are less easily utilized as a carbon source by the fungusBotrytis cinerea. The enzyme, named CELLOX (cellodextrin oxidase), is encoded by the geneAt4 g20860. Plants overexpressingCELLOXdisplay an enhanced resistance toB. cinerea, probably because oxidizedCDs are a less valuable carbon source. Thus, the capacity to oxidize and impair the biological activity of cell wall‐derived oligosaccharides seems to be a general trait of the family ofBBE‐like proteins, which may serve to homeostatically control the level ofDAMPs to prevent their hyperaccumulation.
Effect of age, sex, and season on the variation in blood analytes of a clinically normal ex situ population of killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Nollens Hendrik H. , Robeck Todd R. , Schmitt Todd L. , Croft Lara L. , Osborn Steve , McBain James F. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe effects of sex, age, and season on blood analyte concentrations have not been investigated for the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Defining these changes provides background data for improving the care of managed populations and defines normal changes that could occur in wild counterparts.ObjectivesWe aimed to define hematologic and serum biochemical variation by age, sex, and season for an ex situ killer whale population.MethodsBlood samples collected from killer whales during normal wellness exams were retrospectively identified. Killer whales were categorized by age; calf (0‐2.9 years), juvenile (3‐10.9 years), early adult (11‐20.9 years), adult (21‐30.9 years), and aged (>30.9 years); sex; and season. StandardCBCand biochemistry were collated, and only samples without evidence of disease were used. A mixed effects maximum likelihood regression with animal identification (ID) as the random effects variable was used to compare groups with a significance set atP ≤ 0.01.ResultsAll analytes differed by age, while only four differed by sex. Red blood cell parameters and associated renal analytes increased with age, while liver‐associated analytes and glucose decreased. Season affected 59% of the blood analytes.ConclusionsAged killer whales showed strong evidence of altered physiology as compared with younger animals. Anemia did not develop with age as was observed in one bottlenose dolphin population. Observed decreases in renal function could be caused by chronic disease or dehydration. Decreases in immune function parameters suggest immune senescence. These results provide background data for evaluating the health of managed and free‐ranging killer whales.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of topical otological antimicrobials and Tris‐EDTA against resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs
Authors: Boyd Megan , Santoro Domenico , Gram Dunbar 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe value of susceptibility tests for the selection of topical otological antimicrobial agents is unclear. Laboratories test antibiotic concentrations substantially lower than concentrations supplied in topical formulations. Additionally, microbiological consensus statements are not available for topical antimicrobials.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to measure the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of enrofloxacin, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, neomycin, orbifloxacin, polymyxin B and silver sulfadiazine from concentrations available in otological formulations (COF) to 1:59,000 dilution. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of Tris‐EDTA in conjunction with these antimicrobial agents.Methods and materialsTwenty resistant clinical isolates [Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 10) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10)] were tested by broth microdilution using a concentrated inoculum (3.75 × 107 cfu/mL).ResultsConcentrations available in otological formulations were at least 26× greater than the MICs for S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa. COFs of polymyxin B and SSD were 27× greater than the MBCs for P. aeruginosa, whereas all other antimicrobial COFs were equal to or less than the MBCs for both organisms. Tris‐EDTA significantly reduced the MICs of all antimicrobials, except with SSD for P. aeruginosa, and it significantly increased the MIC of SSD for S. pseudintermedius.Conclusions and clinical importanceFurther studies are warranted to validate the present results in vivo. COFs are inhibitory and less likely bactericidal, with few exceptions, against resistant strains of these organisms. Tris‐EDTA may be advantageous for P. aeruginosa whereas no additional benefit is afforded against S. pseudintermedius. Susceptibility tests may not be useful for the selection of topical otological antimicrobial agents.
Mary Edwards Walker (1832–1919): Approach to limb salvage therapy
Authors: Klifto Kevin M. , Quan Amy , Lee Dellon A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMary Edwards Walker (1832–1919) was the first female surgeon in the United States. Her upbringing and unique medical training led her to practice medicine in a way that was revolutionary for the time. During the Civil War, her approach to wound care rivaled the current standard of care. During an era that predated antiseptic surgical technique, she prioritized cleanliness and hygiene. She opposed amputation for its surgical risks and decreased postoperative quality of life. She believed that many wounds, when appropriately attended to, would heal without amputation. She advocated for patients who she believed did not require amputations and counseled them on their rights to refuse surgical care.
Cardiac output during exercise is related to plasma atrial natriuretic peptide but not to central venous pressure in humans
Authors: Yoshiga Chie , Dawson Ellen Adele , Volianitis Stefanos , Warberg Jørgen , Secher Niels H. 
Published: January 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is cardiac output during exercise dependent on central venous pressure?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The increase in cardiac output during both rowing and running is related to preload to the heart, as indicated by plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, but unrelated to central venous pressure. The results indicate that in upright humans, central venous pressure reflects the gravitational influence on central venous blood rather than preload to the heart.

AbstractWe evaluated the increase in cardiac output (CO) during exercise in relationship to central venous pressure (CVP) and plasma arterial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as expressions of preload to the heart. Seven healthy subjects (four men; mean ± SD: age 26 ± 3 years, height 181± 8 cm and weight 76 ± 11 kg;) rested in sitting and standing positions (in randomized order) and then rowed and ran at submaximal workloads. The CVP was recorded, CO (Modelflow) calculated and arterial plasma ANP determined by radioimmunoassay. While sitting, (mean ± SD) CO was 6.2 ± 1.6 l min−1, plasma ANP 70 ± 10 pg ml−1 and CVP 1.8 ± 1.1 mmHg, and when standing decreased to 5.9 ± 1.0 l min−1, 63 ± 10 pg ml−1 and −3.8 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05). Ergometer rowing elicited an increase in CO to 22.5 ± 5.5 l min−1 as plasma ANP increased to 156 ± 11 pg ml−1 and CVP to 3.8 ± 0.9 mmHg (P < 0.05). Likewise, CO increased to 23.5 ± 6.0 l min−1 during running, albeit with a smaller (P < 0.05) increase in plasma ANP, but with little change in CVP (−0.9 ± 0.4 mmHg). The increase in CO in response to exercise is related to preload to the heart, as indicated by plasma ANP, but unrelated to CVP. The results indicate that in upright humans, CVP reflects the gravitational influence on central venous blood rather than preload to the heart.
A Synthetic DNA, Multi-Neoantigen Vaccine Drives Predominately MHC Class I CD8+ T-cell Responses, Impacting Tumor Challenge
Authors: Duperret Elizabeth K. , Perales-Puchalt Alfredo , Stoltz Regina , G.H. Hiranjith , Mandloi Nitin , Barlow James , Chaudhuri Amitabha , Sardesai Niranjan Y. , Weiner David B. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
T-cell recognition of cancer neoantigens is important for effective immune-checkpoint blockade therapy, and an increasing interest exists in developing personalized tumor neoantigen vaccines. Previous studies utilizing RNA and long-peptide neoantigen vaccines in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies have shown immune responses predominantly driven by MHC class II CD4+ T cells. Here, we report on a preclinical study utilizing a DNA vaccine platform to target tumor neoantigens. We showed that optimized strings of tumor neoantigens, when delivered by potent electroporation-mediated DNA delivery, were immunogenic and generated predominantly MHC class I–restricted, CD8+ T-cell responses. High MHC class I affinity was associated specifically with immunogenic CD8+ T-cell epitopes. These DNA neoantigen vaccines induced a therapeutic antitumor response in vivo, and neoantigen-specific T cells expanded from immunized mice directly killed tumor cells ex vivo. These data illustrate a unique advantage of this DNA platform to drive CD8+ T-cell immunity for neoantigen immunotherapy.
PREVALENCE OF mcr-1 COLISTIN RESISTANT GENE IN Escherichia coli ALONG THE BROILER MEAT SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDONESIA
Authors: Palupi Maria Fatima , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Sudarnika Etih , Maheshwari Hera , Darusman Huda Shalahudin 
Published: January 2019

Colistin is the last drug choice for dealing with the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria; hence, this drug is very crucial to human health. The discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene, the mobilized colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1), signals a significant global health threat. Colistin sulfate is an antimicrobial agent which has been approved for use in broilers in Indonesia. Thus, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli and to detect the mcr-1 colistin-resistant gene in E. coli, and E. coli O157:H7 in the entire supply chain of broilers in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 47 flocks that used colistin sulfate (47 samples of cloacal swabs, 47 samples of drinking water, and 47 samples of litters), seventy fresh meat samples and seven samples plucker swabs from seven small-scale poultry slaughterhouses, seventy fresh meat samples from seven traditional markets, and seventy cooked meat samples from seven small restaurants. The isolation of E. coli was done on each of the 358 samples, and 493 isolates were obtained. All the E. coli isolates were then tested for their susceptibility to colistin sulfate by using the agar dilution method. The detection of the mcr-1 gene from the colistin-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration > 2 Âµg/mL) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence value of colistin-resistant E. coli in all the isolates was at 11.76% (CI 95%; CL 9.21â€“14.91%), and the prevalence of mcr-1 gene was at 10.55% CI 95%; CL 8.13â€“13.57%). Â A very good agreement correlation existed between the colistin-resistant phenotype and the mcr-1 gene (Ä¸ = 0.939). The mcr-1 gene was found in 89.66% colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. The two colistin-resistant and mcr-1 carrying gene isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7 serotype. This research was the first study attempt on the mcr-1 gene in Indonesia, covering the entire supply chain of broiler meat from farms to consumers. The results indicated the necessity to reduce the use of colistin sulfate in broiler management and to improve biosecurity measures, not only in farms but also in the entire supply chain of broiler meat production.
Clinical Characteristics and Electrophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Brugada ECG in Patients With Severe Hyperkalemia
Authors: Rivera‐Juárez Allan , Hernández‐Romero Ismael , Puertas Carolina , Zhang‐Wang Serena , Sánchez‐Álamo Beatriz , Martins Raphael , Figuera Carlos , Guillem María S. , Climent Andreu M. , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Tejedor Alberto , Jalife José , Atienza Felipe 
Published: January 2019

Background
Several metabolic conditions can cause the Brugada ECG pattern, also called Brugada phenotype (BrPh). We aimed to define the clinical characteristics and outcome of BrPh patients and elucidate the mechanisms underlying BrPh attributed to hyperkalemia.

Methods and Results

We prospectively identified patients hospitalized with severe hyperkalemia and ECG diagnosis of BrPh and compared their clinical characteristics and outcome with patients with hyperkalemia but no BrPh ECG. Computer simulations investigated the roles of extracellular potassium increase, fibrosis at the right ventricular outflow tract, and epicardial/endocardial gradients in transient outward current. Over a 6‐year period, 15 patients presented severe hyperkalemia with BrPh ECG that was transient and disappeared after normalization of their serum potassium. Most patients were admitted because of various severe medical conditions causing hyperkalemia. Six (40%) patients presented malignant arrhythmias and 6 died during admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that higher serum potassium levels (odds ratio, 15.8; 95% CI, 3.1–79;
P
=0.001) and male sex (odds ratio, 17; 95% CI, 1.05–286;
P
=0.045) were risk factors for developing BrPh ECG in patients with severe hyperkalemia. In simulations, hyperkalemia yielded BrPh by promoting delayed and heterogeneous right ventricular outflow tract activation attributed to elevation of resting potential, reduced availability of inward sodium channel conductance, and increased right ventricular outflow tract fibrosis. An elevated transient outward current gradient contributed to, but was not essential for, the BrPh phenotype.

Conclusions
In patients with severe hyperkalemia, a BrPh ECG is associated with malignant arrhythmias and all‐cause mortality secondary to resting potential depolarization, reduced sodium current availability, and fibrosis at the right ventricular outflow tract.
Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Digital Subtraction Angiography for Postclipping Aneurysm Obliteration Detection
Authors: Uricchio Matthew , Gupta Saksham , Jakowenko Nicholas , Levito Marissa , Vu Nguyen , Doucette Joanne , Liew Aaron , Papatheodorou Stefania , Khawaja Ayaz M. , Aglio Linda S. , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali , Zaidi Hasan , Smith Timothy R. , Mekary Rania A. 
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—
Digital subtraction angiography has been used as the gold standard to confirm successful aneurysmal obliteration after aneurysm clipping procedures using titanium or cobalt alloy clips. Computed tomographic angiography is a newer, less invasive imaging technique also used to confirm successful aneurysmal obliteration; however, its use compared with digital subtraction angiography remains controversial.

Methods—
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through November 6, 2017, for studies that evaluated postclipping aneurysm obliteration with both computed tomographic angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were calculated using the bivariate random-effects model.

Results—

Out of 6916 studies, 13 studies met inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. A total of 510 patients with 613 aneurysms were included. Compared with digital subtraction angiography, which detected 87 residual aneurysms, computed tomographic angiography detected 58 resulting in a pooled sensitivity of 69% (95% CI, 54%–81%) and a pooled specificity of 99% (95% CI, 97%–99%). This corresponded to LR+ of 55.5 (95% CI, 23.6–130.9) and LR− of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.20–0.48). Univariate meta-regression revealed that the pooled sensitivity was worse in prospective designs (
P
interaction <0.05), and the pooled specificity was better in higher-quality studies and for postoperative aneurysm diameters of <2 mm (
P
interaction <0.001 for both).

Conclusions—
This meta-analysis revealed that computed tomographic angiography had a favorable LR+ but not a favorable LR−. Thus, this imaging modality may be applicable to rule in, but not rule out, residual aneurysms after clipping.