bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midline carcinoma expressing NUT in malignant effusion cytology
Authors: Shenoy Krithika Damodar , Stanzione Nicholas , Caron Justin E. , Fishbein Gregory A. , Abtin Fereidoun , Lluri Gentian , Hirschowitz Sharon L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and aggressive subset of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that is defined by t(15,19) and typically presents in the midline structures of the head, neck, and mediastinum. We report two cases of NMC that presented uniquely with malignant pleural and pericardial effusions including one with cardiac tamponade at presentation. The first case is of a 25‐year‐old male patient who presented with progressive dyspnea associated with palpitations and dizziness on standing, found to have large bilateral pleural effusions. The second case is of a previously healthy 29‐year‐old male patient who presented with progressive dyspnea, cough with expectoration, and a large right lower neck mass of 3 months onset, and a large left pleural effusion and left lung infiltrate on imaging studies. Both cases showed malignant cells on cytology suggestive of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Subsequent histopathological and immunochemistry studies were consistent with the diagnosis of NMC. Both patients had a rapid decline in status and suffered comorbidities secondary to their carcinoma, inevitably leading to their death. It is important to consider NUT midline carcinomas can present in a variety of clinical scenarios, and it is important to consider in the differential diagnoses when evaluating malignant effusion cytology. Utilization of ancillary testing with a broad immunostain profile including NUT studies, as well as fluorescent in‐situ hydridization (FISH) studies are helpful and necessary in making the appropriate diagnosis.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of wild flowers reveals diverse communities of terrestrial arthropods
Authors: Thomsen Philip Francis , Sigsgaard Eva E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTerrestrial arthropods comprise the most species‐rich communities on Earth, and grassland flowers provide resources for hundreds of thousands of arthropod species. Diverse grassland ecosystems worldwide are threatened by various types of environmental change, which has led to decline in arthropod diversity. At the same time, monitoring grassland arthropod diversity is time‐consuming and strictly dependent on declining taxonomic expertise. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of complex samples has demonstrated that information on species compositions can be efficiently and non‐invasively obtained. Here, we test the potential of wild flowers as a novel source of arthropod eDNA. We performed eDNA metabarcoding of flowers from several different plant species using two sets of generic primers, targeting the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI. Our results show that terrestrial arthropod species leave traces of DNA on the flowers that they interact with. We obtained eDNA from at least 135 arthropod species in 67 families and 14 orders, together representing diverse ecological groups including pollinators, parasitoids, gall inducers, predators, and phytophagous species. Arthropod communities clustered together according to plant species. Our data also indicate that this experiment was not exhaustive, and that an even higher arthropod richness could be obtained using this eDNA approach. Overall, our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain information on diverse communities of insects and other terrestrial arthropods from eDNA metabarcoding of wild flowers. This novel source of eDNA represents a vast potential for addressing fundamental research questions in ecology, obtaining data on cryptic and unknown species of plant‐associated arthropods, as well as applied research on pest management or conservation of endangered species such as wild pollinators.
Assessing the relative vulnerabilities of Mid‐Atlantic freshwater wetlands to projected hydrologic changes
Authors: Wardrop Denice H. , Hamilton Anna T. , Nassry Michael Q. , West Jordan M. , Britson Aliana J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWetlands are known to provide a myriad of vital ecosystem functions and services, which may be under threat from a changing climate. However, these effects may not be homogenous across ecosystem functions, wetland types, ecoregions, or meso‐scale watersheds, making broad application of the same management techniques inappropriate. Here, we present a relative wetland vulnerabilities framework, applicable across a range of spatial and temporal scales, to assist in identifying effective and robust management strategies in light of climate change. We deconstruct vulnerability into dimensions of exposure and sensitivity/adaptive capacity, and identify relevant measures of these as they pertain to the attributes of wetland extent and plant community composition. As a test of the framework, we populate it with data for three primary hydrogeomorphic wetland types (riverine, slope, and depression) in seven small watersheds across four ecoregions (Ridge and Valley, Piedmont, Unglaciated Plateau, and Glaciated Plateau) in the Susquehanna River watershed in Pennsylvania. We use data generated from the SRES A2 emissions experiment and MRI‐CGCM2.3.2 climate model as input to the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model to simulate future exposure to altered hydrologic conditions in our seven watersheds, as expressed in two hydrologic metrics: % time groundwater levels occur in the upper 30 cm (rooting zone) during the growing season, and median difference between spring and summer mean water levels. We then examine the spatial and temporal scales at which each of the components of vulnerability (exposure and sensitivity/adaptive capacity) shows significant relative differences. Overall, we find that relative differences in exposure persist at a very fine spatial grain, exhibiting high variability even among individual watersheds in a given ecoregion. For temporal scale, we find strong seasonal but weak annual relative differences in exposure resulting from a magnification of summer dry‐down combined with winter and spring wet periods becoming wetter. Sensitivities/adaptive capacities show significant differences among wetland types. A comparison between our anticipated hydrologic alterations under climate change and historical changes in hydrology due to anthropogenic disturbance indicates potential shifts in hydrologic patterns that are far beyond anything that wetland managers have experienced in the past.
Seismic responses of postyield hardening single–degree‐of‐freedom systems incorporating high‐strength elastic material
Authors: Qiang Hanlin , Feng Peng , Qu Zhe 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIt is widely accepted that ductility design improves the seismic capacity of structures worldwide. Nevertheless, inelastic deformation allows serious damage to occur in structures. Previous studies have shown that a certain level of postyield stiffness may reduce both the peak displacement and residual deformation of a structure. In recent years, several high‐strength elastic materials, such as fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) and high‐strength steel bars, have been developed. Application of these materials can easily provide a structure with a much higher and more stable postyield stiffness. Many materials, members, and structures that incorporate both high‐strength elastic materials and conventional materials show significant postyield hardening (PYH) behaviors. The significant postyield stiffness of PYH structures can help effectively reduce both peak and residual deformations, providing a choice when designing resilient structures. However, the findings of previous studies of structures with elastic‐perfectly plastic (EPP) behavior or small postyield stiffness may not be accurate for PYH structures. The postyield stiffness of a structure must be considered an important primary structural parameter, in addition to initial stiffness, yielding strength, and ductility. In this paper, extensive time history and statistical analyses are carried out for PYH single–degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems. The mean values and coefficients of variation of the peak displacement and residual deformation are obtained and discussed. A new R‐μp‐T‐α relationship and damage index for PYH structures are proposed. A theoretical model for the calculation of residual deformation is also established. These models provide a basis for developing the appropriate seismic design and performance evaluation procedures for PYH structures.
Tailoring bilberry powder functionality through processing: Effects of drying and fractionation on the stability of total polyphenols and anthocyanins
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel , Eliasson Lovisa , Ehrnell Maria , Höglund Evelina , Andlid Thomas , Alminger Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBilberries are a rich natural source of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. The press cake obtained during the processing of bilberry juice is a potential source of phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate different drying techniques and the fractionation of bilberry press cake powder toward obtaining phenolic‐rich ingredients for incorporation into value‐added food products. The derived powders were dispersed in water and dairy cream, to investigate the effects of drying and fractionation on the dispersibility and solubility of phenolic compounds. The drying techniques, hot air drying and microwave drying, applied on bilberry press cake reduced the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins. The degradation was, however, consistently small and similar for both techniques. The major anthocyanins detected in the samples were stable during drying and fractionation treatments. Fractionation of the press cake powder affected the total apparent phenolic content and composition of the different fractions. The highest phenolic content (55.33 ± 0.06 mg g−1 DW) and highest anthocyanin content (28.15 ± 0.47 mg g−1 DW) were found in the fractions with the smallest particle size (<500 μm), with delphinidin‐3‐O‐galactoside being the most abundant anthocyanin. Dispersibility of all dried powder samples was higher in dairy cream than water, and the highest level of anthocyanins was measured in samples from the powder with the smallest particle size (<500 μm), dispersed in cream. The application of drying, milling and fractionation was found to be a promising approach to transform bilberry press cake into stable and deliverable ingredients that can be used for fortification of food products with high levels of phenolic compounds.
The 24th United Nations Conference of Parties (COP 24) Climate Change Summit
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt sometimes feels that because The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of Parties is held just before the year end, there is sense of pressure for the meeting to finish in jubilant mood. Certainly the 24th Conference of Parties (COP 24) was launched with an air of expectation. But one of the stand out features of the meeting was the continued and serious debate on carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS). In this feature article, GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier rounds up a few of the main points on a climate technology that might just be about to come of age. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for genetically‐enhanced visual shape learning
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Rong , Zhao Hua , Choi Eui M. , Svestka Michael , Wang Xiaodan , Nagayach Aarti , Singh Anshuman , Cook Robert G. , Geller Alfred I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdvanced cognitive tasks are encoded in distributed neocortical circuits that span multiple forebrain areas. Nonetheless, synaptic plasticity and neural network theories hypothesize that essential information for performing these tasks is encoded in specific ensembles within these circuits. Relatively simpler subcortical areas contain specific ensembles that encode learning, suggesting that neocortical circuits contain such ensembles. Previously, using localized gene transfer of a constitutively active protein kinase C (PKC), we established that a genetically‐modified circuit in rat postrhinal cortex, part of the hippocampal formation, can encode some essential information for performing specific visual shape discriminations. However, these studies did not identify any specific neurons that encode learning; the entire circuit might be required. Here, we show that both learning and recall require fast neurotransmitter release from an identified ensemble within this circuit, the transduced neurons; we blocked fast release from these neurons by coexpressing a Synaptotagmin I siRNA with the constitutively active PKC. During learning or recall, specific signaling pathways required for learning are activated in this ensemble; during learning, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, MAP kinase, and CREB are activated; and, during recall, dendritic protein synthesis and CREB are activated. Using activity‐dependent gene imaging, we showed that during learning, activity in this ensemble is required to recruit and activate the circuit. Further, after learning, during image presentation, blocking activity in this ensemble reduces accuracy, even though most of the rest of the circuit is activated. Thus, an identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for performing an advanced cognitive task.
Not quite city and not quite rural: Active lifestyle beliefs in peri‐urban Australians
Authors: Olson Jenny L. , March Sonja , Clough Bonnie , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Ireland Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIssue addressedResidents of peri‐urban Australia face health inequalities compared to city dwellers. Active lifestyles provide many benefits that could improve the health of this population; however, peri‐urban Australians are more likely to be inactive and sedentary. The aim of this study was to identify the physical activity and sedentary behaviour‐related beliefs of peri‐urban Australians.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with adult residents of peri‐urban, southern Queensland. Participants (N = 8) were recruited from a related study, purposefully selected to ensure diversity. Data were analysed by thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted until data and inductive‐thematic saturation were reached.ResultsThree themes were identified, representing beliefs about intrapersonal, interpersonal/socio‐cultural and physical environmental factors relevant to active lifestyles among peri‐urban Australians. Active lifestyle behaviours were perceived as beneficial for health. Social interaction was described as an important outcome of physical activity. Features of the physical environment negatively impacted the perceived difficulty of performing physical activity and avoiding sedentary behaviour.ConclusionsActive lifestyle strategies that support social interaction through physical activity and participation in sports may be particularly useful in peri‐urban environments where opportunities for social interaction are limited. Such strategies should also take into account contextual factors that negatively impact active lifestyle control beliefs (eg, distance).So what?This study provides insight into factors that may influence the active lifestyles of peri‐urban Australians. This information can be used to develop contextually relevant strategies designed to encourage physical activity, discourage sedentary behaviour and assist to relieve health disparities faced by this population.
Cell‐type based semantic segmentation of histopathological images using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Öztürk Şaban , Akdemir Bayram 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHistopathological whole‐slide image (WSI) analysis is still one of the most important ways to identify regions of cancer risk. For cancer in which early diagnosis is vital, pathologists are at the center of the decision‐making process. Thanks to the widespread use of digital pathology and the development of artificial intelligence methods, automatic histopathological image analysis methods help pathologists in their decision‐making process. In this process, rather than producing labels for whole‐slide image patches, semantic segmentation is very useful, which facilitates the pathologists’ interpretation. In this study, automatic semantic segmentation based on cell type is proposed for the first time in the literature using novel deep convolutional networks structure (DCNN). We presents semantic information on four classes, including white areas in the whole‐slide image, tissue without cells, tissue with normal cells and tissue with cancerous cells. This visual information presented to the pathologist is an easy‐to‐understand picture of the status of the cells and their implications for the spread of cancerous cells. A new DCNN architecture is created, inspired by the residual network and deconvolution network architecture. Our network is trained end‐to‐end manner with histopathological image patches for cell structures to be more discriminative. The proposed method not only produces more successful results than other state‐of‐art semantic segmentation algorithms with 9.2% training error and 88.89% F‐score for test, but also has the most important advantage in that it has the ability to generate automatic information about the cancer and also provides information that pathologists can quickly interpret.
The use of ICT in the informal recycling sector: The Brazilian case of Relix
Authors: Coelho Taiane Ritta , Hino Marcia Regina Martelozo Cassitas , Vahldick Samara Machry Oliveira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to understand the uses of technology in the informal recycling sector. We investigated the case of Relix, in northeast Brazil. The Relix project consists of cultural and educational interventions that promote recyclable waste picking and provides a mobile application to connect the local population to waste pickers. Methodological procedures included semistructured interviews with different groups of stakeholders. We adopted the Multilevel and pluralistic conceptual framework to analyze the groups according to the use of technology and perceptions in which they live based on context, process, and content. Results demonstrate that although the mobile application (app) can help waste pickers and the population to connect, it cannot single‐handedly promote any meaningful changes in the lives of people. Additional actions should be taken. This study has two important contributions. First, it describes how the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can improve working conditions and create more innovative and equitable environments. Second, it enriches the theoretical discussion on the use of technology in social practice and the advances of applying a theoretical framework in the context of informal recycling.
An integrative perspective on the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and mental health: The role of self‐compassion and emotion regulation
Authors: Yakın Duygu , Gençöz Tülin , Steenbergen Laura , Arntz Arnoud 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to test whether negative emotion regulation difficulties and self‐compassion mediate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and symptoms of psychopathology and life satisfaction.MethodsData were collected from 296 adults (179 females, 117 males), whose age ranged from 17 to 52 years. The mediating roles of self‐compassion and negative emotion regulation were examined via Hayes’ procedure (PROCESS) for multiple mediation.ResultsNegative emotion regulation was the only mediator to psychopathological symptoms, with no additional role for self‐compassion, whereas self‐compassion mediated only to life satisfaction, with no additional role for negative emotion regulation.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence for unique mediating roles of negative emotion regulation and self‐compassion, depending on the outcome variable. That helps to understand how problems that may be identified in terms of positive and negative domains are related to EMSs, and allows to put forward potential strategies within the frame of schema therapy.
Can strain elastography improve the characterization of breast lesions identified during second‐look MRI‐directed sonographic examination?
Authors: Filip Iulia , Ferré Romuald , AlSharif Shaza , Aldis Ann , Theriault Mélanie , Mesurolle Benoît 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate strain elastography as a complementary tool for characterization of lesions identified during second‐look MRI‐directed sonographic examination.MethodsWe reviewed 83 breast lesions evaluated with MRI, secondlook ultrasound (US) and strain elastography in 75 consecutive patients (median age, 56 years). US‐guided biopsies were performed in all cases.ResultsAfter histopathological examination, 44 lesions were benign, 38 were malignant and 1 was high‐risk. At MRI, the mean size of the lesions was 12 mm. Forty lesions (48.2%) appeared as masses, 30 (36.1%) as “non‐masses” and 13 (15.7%) as “foci.” At second‐look US examination, 56 (67.5%) appeared as masses (mean size, 7 mm) and 27 (32.5%) as non‐masses (mean size, 14 mm). At strain elastography, among the 39 malignant/high risk lesions, 5 (12.8%) had a score of 4 or 5, whereas 16 (41%) had a score of 1 and 2 (false negative). Among the 44 benign lesions, 36 (82%) had a score of 1 or 2, whereas none had a score of 5. Sensitivity and specificity of strain elastography in the diagnosis of breast cancer were 58% and 81%, respectively.ConclusionThe addition of strain elastography offers no benefit in the characterization of lesions identified on second‐look US after breast MRI.(E1, 3).
Does the Geographic Expansion of Microfinance Branches Affect Profitability? Panel Data Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Chikalipah Sydney 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNotwithstanding the recent banking innovations, like mobile money services, microfinance institutions still rely on brick‐and‐mortar branches to provide financial services to the poor in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region. Moreover, the number of microfinance branches has continued to increase remarkably since the early 2000s. In light of that, we study the influence of geographic expansion of the branches network on the profitability of 343 microfinance institutions operating in 36 countries of SSA over the period 2003 to 2012. By exploiting the ordinary least squares and generalised method of moments approaches, we found that the geographic expansion of microfinance branches is positively associated with an increase in profitability. Conspicuously, the policy implication regarding this study's findings is that extending financial services to the poor, via branch expansion, is optimal for microfinance institutions operating in SSA. Nevertheless, the branching strategy must be accompanied by operational efficiency to safeguard the advantages of economies of scale gained through the scale‐up of the branch network. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.