bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing WRFM Operational Excellence by Addressing High Artificial Lift Failure Index Through Comprehensive Fail-Less Strategy - A Case Study in a High Viscous Onshore Oil Field
Authors: Al Ajmi A. , Kulkarni R. , Al Farsi T. , Al Busaidi I. , Borkent E. , Al Kaabi I. , Al Jahdhami A. , Al Shukaili G. , AL Ismail i A. , Al Kindi S. , Al Noumani H. , Al Azri N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The petroleum industry has always been in pursuit of innovative solutions to overcome challenges in oil production. One of the most significant challenges is artificial lift failures, which can lead to high subsurface deferment and, hence, result in decreased oil production and increased restoration costs. In 2019-2020, Field A in the south of the Sultanate of Oman experienced a high unscheduled subsurface deferment of 5% and a high artificial lift failure index of 30%, mainly due to erosion and corrosion caused by sand and solids production, combined with a high oil viscosity.
Therefore, to address these issues, the fail-less strategy was introduced in the field encompassing the active participation of all relevant parties to pinpoint the underlying factors contributing to the heightened failures of current pumping mechanisms within the Field. Hence, a comprehensive conversion strategy was proposed for the frequent failure wells with beam pumps (BP) and progressive cavity pumps (PCP) to electrical submersible pumps (ESP), based on successful trials conducted in the same area previously. Starting from 2020, a total of 76 wells were converted which also included pump deepening opportunities.
The implementation of the fail-less strategy resulted in significant improvements in the field's artificial lift system performance, reducing the overall field failure index from 30% in 2019 to only 15% by 2023 and reducing the unscheduled subsurface deferment to 2% by 2023 approaching top quartile performance. Furthermore, an increase in the field total net oil by 5% compared to 2019 performance was observed. This paper describes the challenges and the successful implementation of the conversion to ESP, providing valuable insights for the industry to address similar challenges in other fields.
3D Anisotropy Analysis by Using the Vertical, Deviated, and Horizontal Well in the Khufai Formation, Oman
Authors: Assous Said , Mand Bilal Arshed , Khan Kashif Mushir A , BilalSamii Shaheed , Bacciarelli Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By analyzing sonic data with quantified deviations from vertical and true stratigraphic dips obtained via an imaging tool in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells, the established method computes up to five elastic moduli of an orthorhombic or transversely isotropic formation, while compensating for any tool-induced effects. The algorithm yields verifiable far-field compressional and shear moduli, unaffected by the near-wellbore zone altered by stress concentrations or rock's plastic deformation.
In this case study, cross-dipole data is evaluated to confirm the third shear slowness component derived from Stoneley waves across three well trajectories—vertical, deviated, and horizontal—in the Khufai formation in Oman, which is primarily composed of carbonate with some shale, exhibiting Vertical-VTI/Horizontal-HTI or Orthorhombic Anisotropy. Initially, the third shear slowness for each wellbore trajectory is computed to validate the method. This component is then used in 3D anisotropy analysis to determine up to five independent elastic moduli of HTI, orthorhombic, or VTI formations, using compressional, fast, and slow shear, and Stoneley slowness measurements.
The 3D Anisotropy method converts measured compressional, fast shear, slow shear, and Stoneley slownesses relative to borehole axes into anisotropic moduli aligned with the earth's anisotropy axes. This technique can produce up to five anisotropic moduli for orthorhombic or transversely isotropic (TI) formations, using sonic data that compensates for known deviations from vertical and true stratigraphic dip from imaging tools in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells.
The method also adjusts for any tool-induced effects on the borehole's Stoneley and flexural modes. The algorithm's output delivers verifiable far-field compressional and shear moduli, not influenced by near-wellbore changes like stress concentrations or rock plastic yielding. Transverse isotropic anisotropy, or polar anisotropy, is measurable through the estimation of Thomsen parameters: ε, γ, and δ. The γ parameter is derived from borehole sonic data based on vertical and horizontal shear moduli, typically obtained from cross-dipole sonic logging.
Insights into Gas Storage Reservoir: Enhancing Energy Security and Market Stability on Giant Reservoir in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Jaber H. Bin , Al Dhanhani H. , Al-Ali R. , Albadi M. , Al Bairaq A. , Baslaib M. A. , Balobaid L. , Fathalla M. , Alawadhi F. , Al Yaaqoubi N. , Sudarev M. , Alzaabi A. , Alameri S. , Alhammadi S. , Alfardan F. , Al Shamsi A. , Mostapa M. , Alzeyoudi M. A. , Al Ameri A. , Alsaeedi A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The implementation of gas storage reservoirs plays a critical role in bolstering energy security and stabilizing markets. This paper examines the strategic deployment of a gas storage facility in Abu Dhabi, focusing on optimizing asset utilization, managing demand variability, and mitigating supply risks. Utilizing advanced methodologies and AI-powered technologies, the study evaluates the operational efficiency and economic viability of integrating gas storage into Abu Dhabi's energy infrastructure. Results highlight significant improvements in market stability and energy system resilience, positioning Field operator as a leader in sustainable energy management.
Nature-Based Solutions as a Decarbonization Strategy
Authors: Ahmet H. B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the context of practical climate change action, cost effective measures to tackle emissions, either directly or through carbon sequestration, are urgently needed. This paper introduces a novel nature-based solution for wastewater treatment that also offers significant carbon sequestration benefits, and provides considerable savings over conventional approaches. This innovative solution was proposed for an unconventional gas field Mega-Project within the Middle East.
As part of the sustainability requirements of the Mega-Project, a new screening tool was developed to rapidly appraise over 370 initiatives, focusing on sustainability and decarbonization across the construction and operations phase of the project. Key themes identified included water conservation, energy efficiency, and renewable power production. A resulting comprehensive circular sustainability strategy was developed, utilizing renewables for water heating, composting for food waste, treating sanitary waste and process wastewaters via a Reed Bed, and a native tree plantation area to utilize the treated water and compost. The solution aligns with the green/circular economy ideals and offers significant multiple benefits.
The proposed Reed Bed design consists of 12 × 1,000 m2 of Vertical Flow Wetlands cells, and 3 × 9,000 m2 of Surface Flow Wetlands cells. Once operational, this nature-based solution will facilitate the reclamation of over 16 million m3 of treated water, to be used for tree plantations. The 1,000 hectares of plantations would additionally be fenced off to facilitate natural rangeland regeneration and as a barrier to increasing desertification. Based on this proposal, it was estimated that the combination of the fenced rangeland, plantations, and reed beds would sequester approximately 1.25 MtCO2 over 25 years. This initiative additionally presents a biodiversity value of over US $400 million. Further significant benefits of the scheme includes a site footprint reduction of over 800,000 m2 and a cost saving of around US $100 million. Besides these economic and environmental benefits, reed beds provide a host of other sustainability benefits.
This project will result in a strategic shift within the client organization resulting in the widespread adoption of nature-based solutions to replace conventional wastewater treatment and disposal, representing significant organizational decarbonization benefits. All of the Client's processing facilities will be evaluated for the suitability of deploying similar reed bed based solutions.
This paper presents the first in-country and in-company deployment of a novel constructed wetland systems and marks a strategic shift for the oil and gas industry. We demonstrate how the adoption of nature-based solutions over conventional wastewater treatment offers significant decarbonization benefits, cost savings, and environmental advantages. The combined benefits present a new pragmatic option for the industry's toolbox of decarbonization and waste treatment solutions.
A Journey Unlocking Additional Unconventional Resources: Extensive Integration of Subsurface & Completion. A Case Study from UAE Unconventional Oil Play
Authors: Ibe E. , Panchakarla A. D. , Uluyuz S. , Baig M. Z. , Elazab S. A. , Alharthi A. D. , Hashmi A. A. Al , Laer P. V. , Mazrzooqi H. Al 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unconventional play is associated with several challenges due to the complex nature of the reservoir. Identifying potential zones to target wells, stimulating, and planning field development to recover the hydrocarbon remains bleak without proper evaluation. This paper illustrates successful implementation of reservoir characterization, stimulation, and field development of the Shilaif formation Onshore UAE.
The Shilaif formation is argillaceous limestone, fine-grained packstones and shaly lime mudstone-wackestones. This complex lithology was deposited under intra-shelf basinal conditions during the Cretaceous period. Previous studies spe-211005-ms published elaborated on data integration approach adopted to characterize the Shilaif member, enabling identification of the potential zones for horizontal well placements and successful development of this organic-rich rock. Based on this study, extensive evaluation of geomechanical properties of the reservoir was done to guide stimulation. The hydrocarbon resource quantified was confirmed producible and pad drilling planned to fully extract the hydrocarbons.
Geomechanical modelling was done to guide hydraulic fracturing using elastic properties, unconfined compressive strength and tensile strength derived from acoustic data acquired. Overburden stress, stress profiles and pore pressure from the mechanical earth model built resulted in efficient fracturing of the reservoir to release the hydrocarbon. Successful stimulation increased permeability profile post-frac as evident from the production data. Stress profiles and orientation determination from this study also guided subsequent well planning as pad drilling was initiated with horizontal wells targeting two different benches within Shiliaf formation first time. This study well is a success as part of wells drilled with similar extensive integration of elemental spectroscopy to reduce the uncertainty in total organic carbon (TOC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to provide lithology independent porosity and distinguish producible and non-producible fluids, acoustic log for stress determination and mechanical earth modeling which guided reservoir stimulation. A pre-frac injection test carried out revealed reservoir pressure and permeability in the different frac-zones and helped stage the hydraulic fracturing exercise.
The mechanical properties estimation of reservoir rock with inputs from acoustic log, guided the staging of hydraulic fracturing and improving zone selections and optimizing hydraulic fracturing process. This has proved efficient in successful development of the organic rich rocks of the Shilaif formation.
Advanced Perforation Technology for Enhanced Remedial and Casing Recovery Applications
Authors: Lucas A. , Smith C. , Ullbrand B. , Jonsson K. , Torvestad B. T. , Geerts S. , Ledevin P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The introduction of Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) techniques have delivered a step-change in annular cement remediation efficiency versus conventional methods. The development of Tubing-Conveyed Perforating (TCP) charges capable of perforating production casings without damaging the outer casing string further facilitated effective cement remediation between concentric casings in less than half the rig time typically taken by section milling. However, effective remediation via PWC techniques has been shown to be significantly challenged by relatively well-bonded annuli, since effective hydraulic communication cannot be reliably established.
A novel TCP system has therefore been developed to enhance the capability of PWC technology to effectively remediate challenging annuli by ‘rubbelizing’ or ‘pulverizing’ the annular cement, thereby dramatically improving hydraulic connectivity and enabling circulation behind casing to be more effectively established, and so permitting annular cement remediation - and indeed potentially also casing recovery operations - where it may otherwise not have been possible.
An extensive design and testing programme involving Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, full-scale gun System Integration Tests (SITs) and a full-scale proof-of-concept test in a test well were undertaken to develop an optimized TCP system capable of ‘rubbelizing’ annular cement between concentric casings, without damaging the outer casing such that effective remediation could be performed on well-bonded annular cement previously not suitable for PWC treatment.
Furthermore, the application of the technology to two further use cases has also been explored: (1) the use of bismuth alloy as an alternative annular remediation solution, and (2) cemented casing recovery for slot recovery operations. Both of which have demonstrated significant promise, with the bismuth alloy application now successfully tested at full-scale, and the cemented casing recovery application now successfully tested by offshore field trial.
Microbial Reservoir Souring During Engineered Water Injection with a Coupled Biogeochemical-Compositional Simulator: A Numerical Study
Authors: Fathy A. , Al-Shalabi E. W. , AlAbdullah M. B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reservoir souring attributed to Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) poses significant challenges during waterflooding operations. Among souring mitigation schemes, engineered water injection (EWI) is deemed promising in limiting further biogenic H2S generation while enhancing oil recovery. This study is an extension of our previous work (SPE-218236-MS), where we upscale the previously generated 1D H2S bioreactor experiment model to predict the impacts of various parameters on SRB growth at a field scale. This study successfully integrates SRB activity and the effects of injection depth relevant to Oil-Water Contact (OWC) and rock wettability (intermediate-wet vs. strongly water-wet) on H2S generation into a unified 3D biogeochemical model. The bacterial growth kinetics and SRB population were simulated via partial equilibrium reaction and Monod equation incorporation. The simulation capabilities of modeling onset reservoir souring and H2S breakthrough during EWI were utilized in this study. This was possible using a reservoir simulator that offers a relatively simple yet metabolically accurate representation of the kinetic processes of bacterial populations. This model effectively captured the detailed mechanistic interactions between SRB and sulfate ions (SO42−). Additionally, the model enabled predicting the effects of injection depth relevant to OWC and rock wettability on SRB growth within a field-scale model.
Even without detailed data, the findings from this study seem to align well with the established characteristics of microbial growth. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the injection of engineered water (EW) containing sulfate ions (240 ppm) at 20°C promoted biofilm formation near the injector, enhancing SRB activity and initiating H2S production. H2S breakthrough occurred by the end of the fifth year. Afterward, H2S production declined due to reduced SRB presence and nutrient depletion, leaving some unproduced H2S near the well. Deeper injection points delayed H2S breakthrough and decreased its concentrations, highlighting the importance of careful injection depth selection to manage risks. Both wetting conditions initially showed a rapid rise in H2S concentration, with the intermediate-wet scenario achieving faster and higher oil recovery than the strongly water-wet scenario attributed to favorable mobility due to increased water viscosity. This study provides valuable insights into predicting and managing reservoir souring. This offers significant improvements to field operations and deepens the understanding of reservoir management and engineered water injection methods by addressing fundamental mechanisms that are often overlooked.
Ethics in AI – Critical Skills for the New World
Authors: Sahoo Manas 
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being used in consumer as well and business applications. Companies are using them, Governments are using them, public security, medical researchers, you and I – everybody seems to be somehow touched. As it becomes more advanced and ubiquitous in our lives, it is critical that AI developers and users understand the ethical implications and challenges posed by this powerful technology. This paper explores the key ethical skills and considerations that are essential for navigating the new world of AI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents significant ethical dimensions across various sectors, including research, business, and daily life. It is important to appreciate the major ethical dimensions of AI and how they impact AI systems. Policies and guidelines needs to be laid out for development and usage of such systems. Automated Decisions/Responsibility: No matter how intelligent a AI system might perceived to be, it is always prone to making errors. So, AI system that make automated decisions will always be dangerous. Therefore, it is important to ensure that there is always "human intervention" or "human review" for outcomes/decisions made by AI systems. Determining accountability for AI-generated actions or content remains a significant challenge, emphasizing the need for ethical governance frameworks. There has to be human accountability.Fairness/Bias: AI systems can perpetuate existing biases present in training data, leading to discriminatory outcomes.Transparency: The opaque nature of many AI algorithms complicates accountability, making it difficult to understand decision-making processes.Privacy: AI's capability to process vast datasets can infringe on individual privacy rights, necessitating stringent data protection measuresHuman Dignity: The risk of AI-generated content resembling existing works raises ethical issues regarding originality and authorship.
Furlong Unity - A 3D Lidar Local Position Reference Sensor with Camera Augmentation
Authors: Miles Russ , Heriot Sasha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel Dynamic Positioning (DP) 3D lidar reference sensor capable of functioning with fixed retroreflectors or unaltered scenes. It aims to address challenges associated with presenting real-time 3D data to users, particularly in dynamic environments. Additionally, the paper explores the integration of a 6D inertial sensor and GNSS to enhance position tracking accuracy, focusing on the application of these technologies in real world DP operations.
Interfacial Tension of Hydrogenated and De-Hydrogenated Organic Hydrogen Carriers: Implications for Hydrogen Geological Storage
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Rawat Narendra , Alsubhi Mutaz , Alissa Faisal , Ghamdi Abdulwahab , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Organic Hydrogen Carriers (OHCs) have emerged as a promising solution for efficient hydrogen storage, addressing one of the key challenges towards enabling hydrogen economy. As the demand for renewable energy and decarbonization intensifies, the need for reliable and efficient large-scale storage and hydrogen transport becomes increasingly crucial. OHC technology offers a promising approach that enables hydrogen to be geologically stored in a liquid form, allowing for safe and convenient handling, distribution, and utilization. The ability of subsurface formations to store geologically is determined by their wetting properties and interfacial forces. These factors significantly impact residual saturations, fluid flow dynamics, injection, withdrawal rates, and containment reliability. To our knowledge, literature has yet to report these properties for most OHCs at natural geological physio-thermal conditions. Therefore, we have measured the interfacial tension of methyl-cyclohexane (MCH; hydrogenated OHC) and toluene (de-hydrogenated MCH) in the presence of one molar NaCl solution at natural physio-thermal geological conditions (T = 298-343 K and P = 1-20 MPa). MCH and toluene were used as a surrounding phase, and one molar NaCl was used as a drop phase. The results suggest that IFT values decrease with temperature and increase with pressure. This is caused by the increased intermolecular interaction of one liquid to the other liquid molecule due to pressure increase, thus increasing the IFT.
Similarly, temperature reduces the density of both liquids, causing a reduction in IFT. However, MCH has higher IFT values than the toluene at pressure and temperature conditions similar to the toluene. This is due to the difference in density of a similar compound's hydrogenated and de-hydrogenated form. For instance, at 10 MPa and 323 K, the IFT value for MCH was 54 mN/m (density = 0.7599 g/ml) compared to the toluene = 38 mN/m (density = 0.84762 g/ml). Our findings pave the way towards optimizing safety for sub-surface hydrogen storage, offering a readily scalable solution to enhance energy security and support the transition to a sustainable, carbon-neutral future.
Northern Lights: Innovating for the Future of Carbon Transport and Storage
Authors: Belhadj Mansour 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Northern Lights project is a pioneering initiative in carbon capture and storage (CCS), representing one of the most advanced and large-scale efforts to reduce carbon emissions in Europe. The project is a key component of Norway's broader climate strategy and is supported by major industry players, including Equinor, Shell, and TotalEnergies. A crucial aspect of the project is its partnership with Microsoft, which has brought cutting-edge digital solutions to optimize the CCS value chain. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Northern Lights project, focusing on the role of digital technologies, particularly those provided by Microsoft, in enhancing the efficiency, scalability, and security of carbon storage operations. The paper also examines the broader implications of the project for global decarbonization efforts and the potential for CCS to play a central role in achieving net-zero emissions.