bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jelatin Bazlı Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalar
Authors: COŞKUN TOPUZ Fatma , BORAN Gökhan 
Published: October 2018

Gıdalar üretimden
tüketime kadar pek çok farklı şekilde kalite kaybına uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle; depolama,
nakliye ve pazarlama süresince gıdaların duyusal özellikleri ve besin değeri
korunurken söz konusu kalite kayıplarının önlenmesi esastır. Son zamanlarda,
yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar alternatif bir ambalaj yöntemi olarak önem
kazanmıştır. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar; özellikle tüketime hazır, pişmeye
hazır ya da ön pişirme uygulanmış parça, derisiz veya kabuksuz gıdalarda, gıda
ile asıl ambalaj materyali arasında ikincil bir kaplama olarak kullanılabilir. Yenilebilir
film ve kaplamalar; antioksidanlar, antimikrobiyeller, renk ve tat bileşenleri
gibi fonksiyonel bileşenlerin taşınmasında önemli bir rol oynayabilir.
Yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların üretiminde pek çok doğal biyopolimer
kullanılabilmektedir. Bu biyopolimerlerden biri olan jelatin; kolay bulunması,
nispeten ucuz olması, çok fonksiyonlu olması, gıdalarla uyumlu olması, kolay
kullanımı ve genel olarak güvenli kabul edilmesi nedeniyle bazı avantajlar
sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ışığında jelatin
bazlı yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların üretimi, uygulamaları, formülasyonları, kullanılan
bileşenler, mekanik kuvvet, geçirgenlik ve fonksiyonel özellikleri
değerlendirilmiştir.
The Conditions of Development and Operation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Sprewa-Nysa-Bobr Euroregion
Authors: Jędrzejczak-Gas Janina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to present the most important aspects related to the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Euroregion Sprewa-Nysa-Bóbr, as well as to indicate the objectives and priorities regarding its support. Materials and methods: The paper utilized official statistics, existing legal regulations and information presented in the plan of action and development for the Euroregion Sprewa-Nysa-Bóbr for the years 2014-2020. Results: The important role of SMEs in the Euroregion’s socio-economic development is determined by the fact that they constitute more than 99.9% of all enterprises. In the years 2006-2013, the number of SMEs in the region increased by 3.3%, while the number of large companies decreased by 15.4%. The Euroregion pursues an active policy of supporting the development of the SME sector. Of particular importance in the shaping of this policy is the plan for the development and operation of the Euroregion developed ever since 1993. Conclusions: Within the current plan for the operation and development of the Euroregion, under the first objective (Increasing the competitiveness of the region), measures that will support the development of the SME sector were included. The result of the first objective will be the cross-border expansion of economic relations. Additionally, the timeframe for the past and the present plan deliberately coincide with periods of EU funds which goes on to demonstrate that European support programs are an important source of funding for cross-border cooperation in the Euroregion, including the development of SMEs.
The Application of Raw Materials Obtained from the Cultivation of Industrial Hemp in Various Industries
Authors: Brzyski Przemysław , Fic Stanisław 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The raw materials which are the purpose of the current hemp cultivation (<0.2% THC) are fibre, seeds and shives. This study describes the characteristics the raw materials obtained from the industrial hemp and described in detail the possibilities of their applications in pulp and paper, textile, pharmaceutical, construction and food industries. Analysis of the issues: Hemp straw consists of a porous ligneous core, which may be cut into smaller pieces, called hemp shives and of the fibre around the core. Hemp cellulose is used to produce paper pulp or plastics. In the construction sector, hemp fibre is used to produce, among other things, thermal insulation materials. Hemp shives is used as a filler for a composite based on lime binder, which is used as a wall material with good hygrothermal conditions confirmed by proprietary research. Hemp seeds are used for the production of cooking oil. Hempseed oil is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. to produce skin creams. Conclusions: Raw materials obtained from industrial hemp have a variety of applications. Currently, new directions in hemp application are being sought and tested, like for example hemp lime composite and bio-composites. The positive environmental impact resulting from the cultivation of hemp should be the main reason for simplifying the procedures for the commencement of its cultivation in many countries, e.g. in Poland.
Exploitation and Protection of Resources in Ecological Farms of a Subregion of Lublin Voivodeship
Authors: Siedlecka Agnieszka 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the utilisation of resources necessary for agricultural production as well as their protection in farms conducting ecological production. The deliberations undertaken in this paper focus on certified farms due to their specificity and character of their production, which is compatible with the principles of sustainable development. Materials and methods: The article uses the results of research from twenty ecological farms in the Chełm- Zamość subregion of Lublin Voivodeship. The deciding factor in selecting this region was the prominent role of agricultural production in this region when compared to the other ones in the voivodeship. Results: The research results have shown that there is a lack of correlation between actions taken by producers and caring for the natural environment. Farmers displayed little awareness with regard to the use of environmental resources and assets in agricultural production. Conclusions: Running a farm aimed at ecological production is connected with the implementation of solutions that have not found application in traditional agricultural production, with obtaining a certificate and the need for training and further study. This does not, however, translate into the introduction of pro-ecological solutions in agricultural production or the farm itself. A significant share of the investigated producers did not report the need for introducing such solutions. It indicates the need for continuous broadening of knowledge and creating ecological.
The Concept of “Book Town” as an Innovative Way of Using Local Resources for Tourism Purposes
Authors: Gralak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper is to present the origin and assumptions of the concept of “book towns”, along with the conditions of its development and different ways of using this concept in shaping tourist attractiveness. Materials and methods: This paper was prepared on the basis of domestic and foreign literature overview, as well as with the case study method. The examples presented in this article encompass four “book towns” from different continents (Hay-On-Wye in Wales, Torup in Denmark, Clunes in Australia and Paju in South Korea). Results: Each of the analysed towns has a unique identity and its own idea of development. A book served as a tool for building social capital, entrepreneurship development (particularly in Torup) and forming new tourist destinations. Conclusions: The concept of “book town”, which was created in the 60s of the twentieth century, still arouses the interest of local communities and various groups of visitors, including, among others, tourists, booksellers and bibliophiles. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that a “book town” offers not only economic benefits but is primarily a tool for comprehensive interpretation and protection of local culture.
Carbon Sequestration of Above-Ground Biomass of Pinus Sylvestris L. in the Green Belt of the City of Astana
Authors: Tumenbayeva Assel R. , Sarsekova Dani N. , Małek Stanisław 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents the results of research in the pine plantations located in the green belt of the city of Astana, the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan, and in the research, the data on biomass and carbon content in various fractions of Scots pine were obtained. Assessment of morphometric parameters of the pine stands was carried out by measuring tree height and trunk diameter at breast height (DBH); to determine the carbon content, laboratory analytical methods were used. Samples were taken from each element of biomass (branches, trunk, leaves, and bark) of Scots pine, in triplicate. After that, the green mass was weighed on the analytical scales to within 0.001 g. The samples were then dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 65°C. In laboratory samples without mineralization, the content of carbon was determined using element analyser. Regression equations were used to calculate the biomass of stocks. To measure the taxation indicators and sampling of plantations, trial plots were laid in triplicate for trial plots, the height of plantations varied on average from 5.8 m to 8.4 m on the plotted trial plots, and the diameter of the trunk varied from 7.7 cm to 8.8 cm. The correlation between plant height and stem diameter was 0.745. As the studies of chemical composition in needles, bark, trunk and branches of pine trees showed, the amount of carbon was from 50.03 to 51.33%. Thus, the study of the chemical composition of the pine plantations showed that the greatest content of chemical elements, such as carbon, was in tree needles. The accumulation plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. in the green belt of the city of Astana were sequestrated 973.3 tons of carbon in the above-ground biomass varied from 2.9 to 4.8 t/ha.
Health Condition and Colonization of Stem Insects in Scots Pine after Ground Fire in Central Polissya
Authors: Andreieva Olena , Zhytovа Olena , Martynchuk Ivan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Over the past decades, the increase in occurrence of fires has caused degradation of the forest ecosystem and caused impacts to the environment. The aim of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of Scots pine health condition dynamics in the first 2 years after August fire and to estimate the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects in Central Polissya. Scots pine health condition for the first 2 years after summer ground fire in August 2016 and the rate of tree colonisation by stem insects was studied in Zhytomyr region, Western Ukraine. Stem scorch height was measured for every fire-damaged tree, and the index of fire damage severity was calculated. Vital trees health condition worsened more intensively in the sample plot with the lowest relative stocking density and the highest stem scorch by fire. Generally, the forest health condition has worsened in post-fire period in fire damaged stands. However, 23.1% of trees recovered health condition from category ‘drying-up’ to ‘severely weakened’. In fire-damaged stands, the number of species of stem insects has increased from 8 to 11 during the first 2 years of fire damage. Bark beetles were represented by Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758), Tomicus minor (Hartig, 1834), Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Ips sexdentatus (Boerner, 1767). Jewel beetles included Anthaxia quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Phaenops cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775), Melanophila acuminata (DeGeer, 1774) and Chalcophora mariana (Linnaeus, 1758). Longhorn beetles included Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795), Pogonocherus fasciculatus (Degeer, 1775) and Acanthocinus aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Tree colonisation by stem insects in the year of fire damage was comparable with control stand, because insect swarming completed before this disturbance. Maximal occurrence of stem insects in 2017 in fire-damaged stand increased up to 66.7% (for I. sexdentatus). The percentage of trees colonised by any insect species at fire-damaged and healthy pine stands differed significantly. The occurrence of stem insects depended mainly on the ratio of trees with different health condition. Our results demonstrate data of tree damage from fire and tree health index as a strong predictor of post-fire mortality of Scots pine and bark beetle occurrence.
Occurrence of Gnathotrichus Materiarius (Fitch, 1858) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in South-Western Poland
Authors: Mazur Andrzej , Witkowski Radosław , Góral Jarosław , Rogowski Grzegorz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Gnathotrichus materiarius is listed as an alien ambrosia beetle in European fauna. This is an invasive species from North America, which was found in Europe (France) in the 1930s. In Poland, it was recorded in 2015. Already in 2017 numerous infestations of G. materiarius on lying Pinus sylvestris wood were obsereved. G. materairius is a xylomycophagous species and wood damage to its feeding is similar to that caused by striped ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum. The paper presents sites of G. materairius occurrence found in 2016 and 2017. These include 15 sites located in managed forests (5 forest districts) as well as in 2 national parks situated along south-western border of Poland. G. materairius beetles were found in pheromone-baited traps used to monitor Ips duplicatus and I. amitinus or collected from infested Scots pine wood. The paper presents the description and characteristics of wood damage due to G. materiarius as well as its distinguishing features.
Current Problems and Tasks of Forest Protection in Poland
Authors: Skrzecz Iwona , Perlińska Aldona 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Current problems of forest protection concern the declining health of forest stands due to climate change and the resulting extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, hurricane winds, heavy rainfalls and floods. Repeated impacts of these factors increase susceptibility of forest stands to pest insects and fungal pathogens. Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst) is sensitive to high air temperatures and water shortage. Long lasting droughts during the last two decades, have been one of the reasons behind Norway spruce dieback due to severe outbreak of European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the mountainous regions of southern Poland. In the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, water balance disorders have enhanced the colonization of weekend trees by steelblue jewel beetle Phaenops cyanea (F.) and engraver beetle Ips acuminatus (Gyll.), as well as contributed to the spread of fungal diseases caused by Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. and Sphaeropsis sapinea Fr. fungi. Water related stress leads to weakening of oak stands, which are attacked by Agrilus spp. beetles and pathogens from the genus Phytophthora. It is possible that long lasting droughts initiated the spread of infectious ash disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= Chalara fraxinea), which resulted in the epidemic of ash dieback throughout Europe. Until recently, the use of plant protection products was the most common method of forest protection against pest insects and pathogens. Poland’s accession to the European Union has affected the marketing and use of plant protection products in the country. The implementation of the EU legislation (Directive 91/414/EEC, Directive 2009/128/ EC and Regulation No 1107/2009) has resulted in decreased assortment of pesticides registered for the protection of forests. High costs and long registration process considerably limited the interest of producers in placing the plant protection products on the market. Systematic decrease in the number of plant protection products possible to register for use in forestry, as well as the principles of integrated plant protection established in the EU in 2014 call for seeking plant protection methods based on the natural enemies of pests, such as pathogenic microorganisms, parasites and predators. Therefore, contemporary forest protection requires the advancement of integrated methods for pest insect and disease control through developing methods of forecasting forest dangers, the use of natural enemies and agro-technical methods for regulation of pests, as well as the development of decision support systems as a tool facilitating introduction of integrated forest protection principles. Such support systems help to establish optimal terms for the implementation of protection measures, so as to increase their efficiency while limiting the use of chemical pesticides to an absolute minimum.
Characteristics and Current Situation of Urban Forests in Kharkiv Region
Authors: Musienko S. , Lyalin O. , Tkach L. , Babenko V. , Sułkowska M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The main aim of our study was to examine the current state and to analyse the prospects of the development of urban forests in the city of Kharkiv. Modern methods of assessment and forest resources ranking were used in the evaluation process. The data from the last basic forest inventory and the electronic database of the ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ Production Association are used.Conducted investigation enables to assess the state of the urban forests in Kharkiv, to show the division of forest resources by the land category, to list the species composition according to the forests stakeholders as well as to compare the existing and optimal division subject to the age group and to calculate the average forest valuation indicators. Our results indicated that the urban forests have different indicators in the context of permanent users. The existing division of the forest stands by the age group and average forest valuation indicators do not satisfy the optimal ones. Thereby, the vital problem in solving the issue of the conducting forestry in the urban forests transferred to the scientific base for the provision of their optimal growth, development and carrying out of their functions in full exists to date.
The Path of Emergent Experience in the Consumer IoT: From Early Adoption to Radical Changes in Consumers’ Lives
Authors: Hoffman Donna L. , Novak Thomas P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Up to now, IoT device adoption is happening mainly in the niche segments of technologically sophisticated upscale consumers and technology-focused DIYers. To reach a broader range of users, marketers must do a better job of understanding and offering the inherent value of smart products. Current marketing approaches are fragmented and tend to focus on individual products and single use cases. They may actually be underselling the consumer IoT. The mass-market consumer is not buying a platform or devices controlled by an algorithm, they are buying an experience. We need to ask, in what ways consumers and devices will interact with each other to create the experience they actually seek. Therefore, the main challenge is to implement a bottom-up approach that encourages users to experiment with their devices and their interactions and to integrate their individual experiences into everyday routines.
Internet of Things – Will Humans be Replaced or Augmented?
Authors: Pavlou Paul A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Augmented Intelligence - effective human-computer symbiosis - has the potential to address emerging challenges successfully, possibly more so than pure AI. It integrates the unique abilities of human beings that cannot be replicated by AI. Large-scale IoT problems often cannot be solved by either computers or human beings alone. Therefore, there are significant opportunities in IoT applications that are coupled with the notion of Augmented Intelligence. Managers need to consider carefully for which task, in which way and to what extent IoT applications will be applied. They must make their choices based on the expected performance, cost and risk of autonomous IoT solutions that would operate without human oversight. For example, automated manufacturing, predictive maintenance and security IoT solutions may be cautiously fully automated. However, human-oriented applications, such as smart retail, could still maintain a certain level of human oversight.
Connecting the World and Reinventing Customer Centricity
Authors: Aunkofer Rudolf 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The classical customer journey with its touchpoints is transformed into a lifelong, interactive customer relationship within an IoT-based product-service ecosystem. The customer journey happens in multiple, partially automatic loops that make it significantly less predictable for manufacturers and retailers. For many product categories, the IoT is not going to take off until providers and retailers succeed in getting at what their customers really want. For one thing, they need to better understand individual usage behavior, and for another, there is a need to better personalize products and services, creating emotional and situation-specific customer experiences. Expanding the ability of digital products to communicate with each other, to record and analyze usage behavior and to implement concrete product improvements will be decisive. If customer centricity is reinvented in the IoT space, customers will see a real value and smart products will replace classical products in the next five to ten years.
Facial emotion recognition performance influences executive control impairment in Anorexia Nervosa: an exploratory study
Authors: Carrà Giuseppe , Brambilla Giulia , Caslini Manuela , Parma Francesca , Chinello Alessandro , Bartoli Francesco , Crocamo Cristina , Zappa Luigi , Papagno Costanza 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Since evidence on executive control among women with Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa (AN/BN) are somehow inconclusive, we aimed to explore whether performance in set-shifting in AN/BN might be influenced by Facial Emotion Recognition (FER).

Methods
We randomly recruited women with a diagnosis of AN or BN, from an Eating Disorders Outpatient Clinic in Italy, as well as healthy controls (HCs). We evaluated with established tools: diagnosis (Eating Disorder Examination- EDE-17.0), executive control (Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift-IED) and FER (Ekman 60 Faces Test-EK-60F). Univariate distributions by diagnostic subgroups were assessed on sociodemographic and clinical variables, which were selected for subsequent multiple linear regression analyses.

Results
Women with AN performed significantly worse than HCs on IED adjusted total errors. HCs scored significantly better than AN and BN on EK-60F fear subscale. Although IED set shifting was associated (p = 0.008) with AN, after controlling for age, EK-60F fear subscale, alexithymia and depression (i.e., clinically relevant covariates identified a priori from the literature, or associated with AN/BN at univariate level), this association could not be confirmed.

Conclusions
Impaired executive control may not be a distinctive feature in women with AN, since several clinical characteristics, including fear recognition ability, are likely to have an important role. This has significant implications for relevant interventions in AN, which should aim at also improving socio-emotional processing.