bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Technological and Chronological Implication of 14C Concentrations in Carbon Samples Extracted from Mongolian Cast Iron Artifacts
Authors: Park J S , Honeychurch W , Chunag A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTCast iron objects recovered primarily in eastern Mongolia, spanning the Xiongnu through the Early Historic periods (ca. 3rd BC–AD 17th century), were examined for their radiocarbon (14C) concentration and microstructure. Most of the samples examined were found to have originated from charcoal-based smelting with a few exceptions that were made using a mineral coal-based technique. A comparison of 14C dates with dates derived from artifact typology allowed the charcoal-smelted objects to be classified into two groups, based on whether the radiometric and typological periodization are in agreement or not. In addition, those with differing 14C and typological dates can be divided into two subgroups with and without evidence for a melt treatment applied after original casting. These conflicting dating results are confusing and would seem to provoke skepticism about the use of 14C measurements for dating iron artifacts. We demonstrate however that 14C analysis, when combined with metallographic examination and other lines of chronological evidence, can clarify the history of a given iron object and its multiple users, often separated in time by more than a millennium.
SAFEGUARDING THE LEGITIMACY OF ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING VESSEL LISTINGS
Authors: Scanlon Zoe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPunitive measures taken against vessels listed on RFMO IUU vessel lists often have very direct effects on the individuals associated with those vessels, such as the owner or operator. With developments such as cross-listing mechanisms and cross-references in international agreements, the number of actors that are encouraged or obliged to take measures against listed vessels now extends to a much wider group, well beyond just the Members of the listing RFMO. The impacts of these punitive measures on such individuals are accordingly very significant. Despite this, however, these listing procedures contain relatively limited due process features. This article considers whether this could contribute to diminishing the perceived legitimacy of IUU listings and generate a risk of reluctance by some actors within the international community to impose punitive measures on listed vessels.Movement towards enhanced due process in decision-making processes appears to be emerging within many international organizations in recognition of the fact that increasingly, individuals are directly affected by decisions of international organizations. Examining such developments in other fora, this article considers possible adjustments to listing procedures, which might assist in safeguarding the legitimacy and effectiveness of IUU vessel lists. IUU lists play a significant role in international efforts to combat IUU fishing, and upholding their effectiveness is accordingly of critical importance.
N-learning: An Approach for Learning and Teaching Skills in Multirobot Teams
Authors: Costa Luís Feliphe S. , Nascimento Tiago P. , Maia Rosiery da S. , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe propose the N-learning practical approach for teaching and learning behaviors in a multirobot system, which is performed through mandatory behavior acquisition based on interactions between the robots at execution time. The proposed methodology can be used to self-program the robots of a team by programming only a single robot with a set of codes that contain behaviors to be transferred and used by other robots as necessary. These codes are implemented in a modular fashion. An advantage of our approach is that when a team of robots is required to perform a specific mission, the set of behaviors required to accomplish that mission can be implemented only once in a single robot or in a distributed fashion. Then, these distributed behaviors are transferred to each of the other robots in the team according to their demand, without the need to reprogram them by hand since the robots in the team can share them autonomously. As an application example, a human critic can teach (or program) only one or a few robots, and these robots are thus able to exchange knowledge with the other team members since they have been preinstalled to run the N-learning system basics. Simulated and real robot experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and validation of our approach.
Effect of Worry Level on Recall Memory for Odors in ApoE-ε4 Carriers and Non-Carriers
Authors: Bower Emily S. , Szajer Jacquelyn , Murphy Claire 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:Increased levels of worry, age, and presence of the apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)-ε4 allele are associated with the risk of developing cognitive declines and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Odor memory performance has been shown to vary as a function of age and ApoE genotype, and odor memory tests are sensitive to preclinical AD. Worry is known to influence verbal memory; however, its effects on odor memory are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between worry, age, and ε4 status on odor memory.Method:Worry was evaluated for young (n= 53) and older (n= 45) adults using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Odor memory was assessed using the California Odor Learning Test, an olfactory analogue to the California Verbal Learning Test.Results:A significant main effect of worry on long-delayfreerecall was found, such that increasing worry was associated with better recall across age and ε4 status. A significant interaction effect between ε4 status and worry on both short-and long-delaycuedrecall was found, such that across age, higher worry was associated with increased cued recall scores among ε4-negative adults, and decreased scores among ε4-positive adults.Conclusions:Findings demonstrated that worry influences odor memory and exerts a particular effect on cued recall among ε4 carriers who are at a greater risk of developing AD. Worry is a modifiable predictor of cognitive decline and risk of dementia in aging. Future studies on the effects of treatments aimed at reducing worry (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety) on changes in cognitive functioning are warranted.
“CHANGE” FRAMES AND THE MOBILIZATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR FORMERLY INCARCERATED JOB SEEKERS
Authors: Smith Sandra Susan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhen deciding whether to provide job-matching assistance to formerly incarcerated job seekers, which factors do individuals with job information and influence privilege? Drawing from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 126 ethnoracially diverse jobholders at one large, public sector employer, I show that jobholders’ assistance relied on the cultural frames for action they deployed. Two frames dominated discussion—the second chance frame and the signaling change frame. Through the former, jobholders argued that all individuals were capable of change and entitled to more chances to prove themselves. These jobholders were strongly inclined to help. Through the latter, jobholders either referenced the nature of offenses for which job seekers were punished, a proxy for their ability to change, or they referenced evidence that job seekers had changed, a proxy for former prisoners’ commitment to do better. These jobholders tended to be noncommittal. Two frames were mentioned significantly less often—the rigid structures and the opportunities to assist frames. Neither implicated the former prisoners’ essential attributes but instead identified factors outside of job seekers’ control. A significant minority of jobholders also offered some combination of these four frames. Importantly, ethnoracial background, which informed the extent, nature and quality of jobholders’ experiences with the formerly incarcerated, also shaped which frame or set of frames jobholders deployed.
IMAGINING A BETTER WORLD:
Authors: Bonnette-Bailey Lakeyta M. , Block Ray , McClerking Harwood K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite a recent increase in research on its sociopolitical implications, many questions regarding rap music’s influence on mass-level participation remain unanswered. We consider the possibility that “imagining a better world” (measured here as the degree to which young African Americans are critical of the music’s negative messages) can correlate with a desire to “build a better world” (operationalized as an individual’s level of political participation). Evidence from the Black Youth Project (BYP)’s Youth Culture Survey (Cohen 2005) demonstrates that rap critique exerts a conditional impact on non-voting forms of activism. Rap critique enhances heavy consumers’ civic engagement, but this relationship does not occur among Blacks who consume the music infrequently. By demonstrating rap’s politicizing power and contradicting certain criticisms of Hip Hop culture, our research celebrates the possibilities of Black youth and Black music.
Is Apostasy Heritable? A Behavior Genetics Study
Authors: Freeman Jason A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study explores whether genetic factors explain variation in the levels of apostasy — defined as a disengagement from religious belief, identity and/or practice — in a US-based sample during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. I posit that genetic factors at least partially explain the variance of three measures of apostasy: disengagement from religious institutions, cessation of prayer and religious disaffiliation. I argue that genetic factors associated with risk-taking behaviors, externalizing behaviors and/or correlates of apostasy may all influence the likelihood of becoming an apostate during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood in the USA. Results reveal that genetic factors explain approximately 34% of the variance in cessation of prayer and 75% of the variance in religious disaffiliation. However, genetic factors do not influence disengagement from religious institutions. This study advances our knowledge of the etiology of apostasy and highlights the need to incorporate genetic data into social scientific research.
Evaluation of cover crop sensitivity to residual herbicides applied in the previous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] crop
Authors: Whalen Derek M. , Bish Mandy D. , Young Bryan G. , Hager Aaron G. , Conley Shawn P. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Steckel Lawrence E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the use of cover crops has increased in U.S. crop production systems. An important aspect of successful cover crop establishment is the preceding crop and herbicide program, because some herbicides have the potential to persist in the soil for several months. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cover crops to common residual herbicides used in soybean production. The same field experiment was conducted in 2016 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, and repeated in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri in 2017 to evaluate the potential of residual soybean herbicides to carryover and reduce cover crop establishment. Herbicides applied during the soybean growing season included acetochlor; acetochlor plus fomesafen; chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron; fomesafen; fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor; imazethapyr; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; S-metolachlor plus fomesafen; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor. Across all herbicide treatments, the sensitivity of cover crops to herbicide residues in the fall, from greatest to least, was forage radish = turnip > annual ryegrass = winter oat = triticale > cereal rye = Austrian winter pea = hairy vetch = wheat > crimson clover. Fomesafen (applied 21 and 42 days after planting [(DAP]); chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and pyroxasulfone applied 42 DAP; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor caused the highest visual ground cover reduction to cover crop species at the fall rating. Study results indicate cover crops are most at risk when following herbicide applications in soybean containing certain active ingredients such as fomesafen, but overall there is a fairly low risk of cover crop injury from residual soybean herbicides applied in the previous soybean crop.
Alpha lipoic acid supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activities in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , khabbazi Tannaz , Safa Javid 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients and oxidative stress is an important risk factor for CVD. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are primary antioxidant enzymes in human cells acting against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their reduced activity may contribute to oxidative disorders in HD patients. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as a potent strong antioxidant may affect these enzymes. Objective: We examined the effects of ALA supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in HD patients. Method: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 63 HD patients (43 males and 20 females; age range: 22–79 years) were assigned into the ALA group (n: 31), receiving a daily dose of ALA (600 mg), or a control group (n: 32), receiving placebo for 8 weeks. Body mass index (BMI), antioxidant enzymes, albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined before and after intervention. Results: At baseline, the mean blood activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT in ALA group were 1032±366, 18.9±5.09 and 191±82.7 U/gHb which increased at the end of study to 1149±502, 19.1±7.19 and 208±86.6 U/gHb respectively. However, only the increase of SOD was statistically significant in comparison with placebo group (P = 0.04). The mean levels of Alb, Hb, weight and BMI were not significantly changed in study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: ALA may be beneficial for HD patients by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; however, further studies are needed to achieve precise results.
The Intense Substorm Incidence in Response to Interplanetary Shock Impacts and Influence on Energetic Electron Fluxes at Geosynchronous Orbit
Authors: Ma X.‐H. , Zong Q.‐G. , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe interaction between interplanetary (IP) shocks and the Earth's magnetosphere would generate/excite various types of geomagnetic phenomena. In order to analyze what kind of IP shock is more likely to trigger intense substorms (SME/AE > 1,000 nT) and how the energetic electrons response to intense substorms at geosynchronous orbit, we perform a systematic survey of 246 IP shock events using SuperMag and LANL observations between 2001 and 2013. The statistical analysis shows that intense substorms (SME > 1,000 nT) triggered by IP shocks are most likely to occur under the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and fast solar wind preconditions. Besides, intense substorms after the IP shock arrival are much more likely to occur when IMF points toward (away from) the Sun around spring (autumn) equinox, which can be ascribed to the Russell‐McPherron effect. Thus, the IMF Bs precondition of an IP shock and the Russell‐McPherron effect can be considered as precursors of an intense substorm. Furthermore, after the shock arrival associated with intense substorms, low‐energy (<200 keV) electron fluxes increase significantly at geosynchronous orbit, and high‐energy (>200 keV) electron fluxes decrease. The spectral index becomes softer with intense substorms and remains almost unchanged with moderate substorms no matter whether the IMF precondition is southward or northward.
Detailed Structure and Plate Reconstructions of the Central Indian Ocean Between 83.0 and 42.5 Ma (Chrons 34 and 20)
Authors: Yatheesh V. , Dyment J. , Bhattacharya G. C. , Royer J. Y. , Kamesh Raju K. A. , Ramprasad T. , Chaubey A. K. , Patriat P. , Srinivas K. , Choi Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Central Indian Ocean, namely the Central Indian, Crozet, and Madagascar basins, formed by rifting and subsequent drifting of India (now Capricorn), Antarctica, and Africa (now Somalia). We gathered a comprehensive set of sea surface magnetic anomaly profiles over these basins and revisited location and identification of magnetic isochrons between C34ny (83.0 Ma) and C20ny (42.536 Ma) using the objective analytic signal technique. We present high‐resolution magnetic isochrons for 29 periods based on ~1,400 magnetic anomaly picks. From the conjugate sets of picks, we derive two‐plate finite rotation parameters for both the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia motions. These finite rotations are compared to three‐plate reconstructions of the plate boundaries between the Capricorn, Antarctica, and Somalia plates, constrained by the closure of the Indian Ocean Triple junction. In general, the three‐plate reconstructions slightly overrotate the reconstructed isochrons with respect to the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia two‐plate reconstructions. Conversely, the two‐plate reconstructions for Somalia‐Antarctica slightly underrotate the isochrons compared to the Capricorn‐Antarctica‐Somalia three‐plate reconstructions. We suspect that the discrepancies between the two‐plate and three‐plate methods result from the recent seafloor deformation in the Capricorn‐India diffuse plate boundary and/or from the contrasted nature and geometry of magnetic isochrons at different spreading rates (i.e., magnetic structure of the three spreading centers). Three‐plate reconstructions better constrain the closure of the triple junction but spread any misfit among all three plate boundaries. When enough quality data are available, two‐plate reconstructions may lead to more realistic plate motion estimates from which additional geological problems can be identified and solved.
Physical and Statistical Behavior of Multifault Earthquakes: Darfield Earthquake Case Study, New Zealand
Authors: Quigley M. C. , Jiménez A. , Duffy B. , King T. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe use Coulomb stress change (CSC) analyses and seismicity data to model the physical and statistical behavior of the multifault source of the 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake in New Zealand. Geodetic and seismologic data indicate this earthquake initiated on a severely misoriented reverse fault and propagated across a structurally complex fault network including optimally oriented faults. The observed rupture sequence is most successfully modeled if maximum CSC imposed by rupture of the hypocentral fault on to receiver faults exceeds theoretical threshold values of 1 to 5 MPa that are assigned based on fault slip tendency and stress drop analyses. CSC modeling using the same criteria but initiating the earthquake on other faults in the network results in a multifault rupture cascade for five of seven scenarios. Analysis of earthquake frequency‐magnitude distributions indicates that a Gutenberg‐Richter frequency‐magnitude distribution for the near‐source region cannot be rejected in favor of a characteristic earthquake distribution. However, characteristic behavior is more favored probabilistically because ruptures initiating on individual source faults in the system are statistically more likely to cascade into multifault ruptures with larger amalgamated Mw (Mwmax = 7.1) than to remain confined to the hypocentral source fault (Mw = 6.3 to 6.8). Our favored hypothesis is that system rupture behavior is regulated by misoriented faults that occupy critical geometric positions within the network, as previously proposed for the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake in Baja California. Other fault networks globally may exhibit similar physical and statistical behaviors.
Different Cooperation of the Arctic Oscillation and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in the East Asian Cold Events During Early and Late Winter
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that boreal winter cold events over East Asia are related to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) convection situating over the tropical Indian Ocean (commonly known as MJO phases 2–3). The present study identified that more than 70% of intraseasonal cold events over eastern China are associated with the MJO phases 2–3 in early winter (November–December) but less than 50% of the cold events are linked to MJO phases 2–3 in late winter (February–March). This difference is related to a change in the connection between the MJO and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) from early winter to late winter. In early winter, MJO phases 2–3 related cold events over eastern China are related to a midlatitude Rossby wave train triggered by negative AO, as MJO phases 2–3 tend to follow negative AO. In late winter, the connection between the MJO and the AO is weak, which leads to a weakened relationship between MJO phases 2–3 and cold events. The weakened connection between the MJO and the AO in late winter is caused by the weakened meridional heat fluxes and their weakened constructive interference with climatological stationary waves and a decrease in the poleward propagation of tropospheric eddy momentum and heat fluxes over the western Pacific.
Freshwater microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) as a substitute to fish oil for shrimp feed
Authors: Allen Kristy M. , Habte-Tsion Habte-Michael , Thompson Kenneth R. , Filer Keith , Tidwell James H. , Kumar Vikas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicro-algae, Schizochytrium sp., is rich source of docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (66%-lipid with 27%-DHA). Eight nutritionally balanced-diets were formulated: diet 1 (control) consisted of only fish oil (FO); diets 2 and 3 had increasing amounts of algae-meal and soybean oil (SBO) at the expense of FO; diet 4 consisted of a combination of algae meal (37-g/kg), SBO (21-g/kg), and linseed oil (LSO) at 4-g/kg each; diet 5 had microalgae meal at 50-g/kg and equal amounts of LSO and SBO at 8-g/kg; diets 6 and 7 contained equal amounts of algae-meal at 62-g/kg, but with LSO or SBO added at 8-mg/g, respectively; diet 8 contained only algae-meal at 75-mg/g. Growth and feeding efficiencies of L. vannamei were not significantly different among treatments. Fatty acid composition of muscle generally reflected that of the diet. The amount of muscle sub-epidermal adipose tissue was significantly higher for shrimp fed diets 3 and 7, while intestinal lipase was significantly higher in shrimp fed diets 7 and 8. Muscle lipid peroxidation was unaffected by the dietary treatments, although antioxidant activities were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet 7 compared to those fed diet 1. Overall algal-meal can completely replace the FO in shrimp feed.