bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Skin Microbial Ecology on γδ T Cell Immune Pathways in Allergic Dermatitis Models in Mice
Authors: You Zonghao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Huang Sujie , Chen Denghui , Zhu Yifan , Li Gen , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease influenced by alterations in the skin microbiome and immune dysregulation. Despite the recognized role of these factors, the specific pathways by which distinct microbial populations affect skin immunity remain insufficiently understood. On a molecular level, the pathogenesis of AD involves critical cytokines such as IL-4, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-10, which contribute to the imbalance in T helper (Th) cell responses. Importantly, gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, which produce these cytokines and infiltrate affected epithelial cells in AD, have been underexplored. This study seeks to alleviate AD symptoms in mice by adjusting both peripheral and local immune environments through the transplantation of skin microbiota. By employing 16S rRNA sequencing, we characterized the skin microbiome of the mouse model. Our results demonstrate that microbiota intervention significantly reduces skin thickening and serum IgE levels in DNFB-induced AD mice. Additionally, changes in skin microbiota modulated immune cell dynamics, restoring the Th1/Th2 balance and leading to clinical improvement. These findings highlight the critical role of skin microbiota in shaping immune responses, positioning microbiota-based therapies as a potential treatment for AD.
Fusarium spp. causing invasive disease in humans: A case series from north India
Authors: Gourav Sudesh , Mishra Himanshu , Xess Immaculata , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Chandola Stuti , Gupta Sonakshi , Appasami Kavi Priya , Shukla Balaji Dattatraya , Bakhshi Sameer , Manhas Aish , Pandey Mragnayani , Rana Bhaskar , Singh Gagandeep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Owing to their inherent resistance to different classes of antifungals, early identification of Fusarium spp. is crucial. In this study, 10 clinical isolates were included from patients with invasive fusariosis involving lungs, sinuses, or both. Clinico-radiological data were collected. Samples were processed by standard laboratory procedures. Three gene regions (ITS, TEF1, and RPB2) were amplified by PCR for multilocus sequencing. Fusarium MLST, FUSARIUM-ID, and FUSARIOID-ID databases were used for final identification. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution following CLSI M38-A3 and Sensititre™ YeastOne™ YO9 plate. Pulmonary involvement was seen in all patients, and sino-nasal involvement was present in six. Radiologically, consolidations and cavitations were present in eight and six cases, respectively. Halo sign was present in six; reverse halo sign was also found in three of them. Direct microscopy showed septate hyphae that were morphologically different from those found in aspergillosis. Results of the molecular identification were as follows: two Fusarium irregulare, one Fusarium pernambucanum, one Fusarium incarnatum, one Fusarium sp. FIESC 30, two Fusarium keratoplasticum, one Fusarium falciforme, one Fusarium pseudonygamai, and one Fusarium delphinoides. For both Fusarium solani (FSSC) and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) species complexes, amphotericin B had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Importantly, for terbinafine, all FIESC isolates had low MICs, while FSSC isolates had high MICs. In some cases, early identification of Fusarium spp. is possible by means of morphology of hyphae on direct microscopy and findings on radiology. Molecular identification, at least to the species complex level, is crucial for the choice of antifungals.
Sensitivity analysis of simulation-based inference for galaxy clustering
Authors: Modi Chirag , Pandey Shivam , Ho Matthew , Hahn ChangHoon , Régaldo-Saint Blancard Bruno , Wandelt Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Simulation-based inference (SBI) is a promising approach to leverage high-fidelity cosmological simulations and extract information from the non-Gaussian, non-linear scales that cannot be modelled analytically. However, scaling SBI to the next generation of cosmological surveys faces the computational challenge of requiring a large number of accurate simulations over a wide range of cosmologies, while simultaneously encompassing large cosmological volumes at high resolution. This challenge can potentially be mitigated by balancing the accuracy and computational cost for different components of the forward model while ensuring robust inference. To guide our steps in this, we perform a sensitivity analysis of SBI for galaxy clustering on various components of the cosmological simulations: gravity model, halo finder, and the galaxy–halo distribution models (halo-occupation distribution, HOD). We infer the $\sigma _8$ and $\Omega _\mathrm{ m}$ using galaxy power spectrum multipoles and the bispectrum monopole assuming a galaxy number density expected from the luminous red galaxies observed using the Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument. We find that SBI is insensitive to changing gravity model between N-body simulations and particle mesh simulations. However, changing the halo finder from friends of friends to Rockstar can lead to biased estimate of $\sigma _8$ based on the bispectrum. For galaxy models, training SBI on more complex HOD leads to consistent inference for less complex HOD models, but SBI trained on simpler HOD models fails when applied to analyse data from a more complex HOD model. Based on our results, we discuss the outlook on cosmological simulations with a focus on applying SBI approaches to future galaxy surveys.
Find the haystacks, then look for needles: the rate of strongly lensed supernovae in galaxy–galaxy strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Sainz de Murieta Ana , Collett Thomas E , Magee Mark R , Pierel Justin D R , Enzi Wolfgang J R , Lokken Martine , Gagliano Alex , Ryczanowski Dan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The time-delay between appearances of multiple images of a gravitationally lensed supernova (glSN) is sensitive to the Hubble constant, $H_0$. As well as time-delays, a lensed host galaxy is needed to enable precise inference of $H_0$. In this work, we investigate the connection between discoverable lensed transients and their host galaxies. We find that the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will discover at least 90 glSNe per year, of which 54 per cent will also have a strongly lensed host. The rates are uncertain by approximately 30 per cent depending primarily on the choice of the unlensed SN population and uncertainties in the redshift evolution of the deflector population, but the fraction of glSNe with a lensed host is consistently around a half. LSST will discover around 20 glSNe per year in systems that could plausibly have been identified by Euclid as galaxy–galaxy lenses before the discovery of the glSN. Such systems have preferentially longer time-delays and therefore are well suited for cosmography. We define a golden sample of glSNe Ia with time-delays over 10 d, image separations greater than 0.8 arcsec, and a multiply imaged host. For this golden sample, we find 91 per cent occur in systems that should already be discoverable as galaxy–galaxy lenses in Euclid. For cosmology with glSNe, monitoring Euclid lenses is a plausible alternative to searching the entire LSST alert stream.
Unravelling the Brachidontes variabilis species complex (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) of the Indo-Pacific region
Authors: Tan Samuel Hui Ming , Wells Fred E , Lukehurst Sherralee S , Strong Ellen E , Sanpanich Kitithorn , Duangdee Teerapong , Ambarwati Reni , Tan Koh Siang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Members of the radially ribbed mytilid genus Brachidontes are often dominant filter feeders on hard intertidal substrata in the Indo-Pacific region. However, there is still a great deal of uncertainty and confusion over their species identities, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. At least six species names (crebristriatus, karachiensis, mutabilis, pharaonis, ustulatus and variabilis) have at one time or another been synonymized with each other and applied to these common intertidal mussels. They occur widely across the Indian and Pacific Oceans from East Africa to Hawaii. Our results, based on sequences of five genes and anatomical features, suggest there are at least eight closely related sibling species in three monophyletic clades: (1) Brachidontes variabilis-form A in the western Indian Ocean; (2) Brachidontes pharaonis in the Red Sea; (3) Brachidontes variabilis-form B, found from India to East Asia; (4) Brachidontes mutabilis, restricted to southern Japan and China; (5) Brachidontes crebristriatus, in the Indian Ocean through to Southeast Asia and Hawaii; (6) Brachidontes ustulatus, an endemic species in western and southern Australia; (7) Brachidontes maritimus, so far known only from Hawaii; and (8) Brachidontes erosus, a southern Australian endemic. The latter two species form a small clade (Clade 1) that is sister to two larger Clades 2 and 3, each comprising three species. Clade 2 contains Brachidontes crebristriatus, Brachidontes mutabilis and Brachidontes ustulatus, whilst Clade 3 is made up of Brachidontes pharaonis, Brachidontes variabilis-form A and variabilis-form B. The shells of these eight species are not only variable but can greatly overlap in morphology. Many are also nearly impossible to distinguish without geographical information. However, the absence or presence of plicate organs in the mantle cavity, and the shape of guard papillae lining the inhalant aperture, may serve as important diagnostic morphological characters when used alongside geographical provenance.
Consensus recommendations for an integrated diagnostic approach to peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising in the setting of Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope G , Gross Andrea M , Romo Carlos G , Dehner Carina A , Lazar Alexander J , Miettinen Markku , Pekmezci Melike , Quezado Martha , Rodriguez Fausto J , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat , Viskochil David , Perry Arie ,   the Symposium on Atypical Neurofibroma: State of the Science Members, Ahlawat Shivani , Akshintala Srivandana , Amrami Kimberly , Bakker Annette , Belzberg Allan , Blakeley Jaishri O , Bredella Miriam , Chittiboina Prashant , Clapp D Wade , Daldrup-Link Heike , De Raedt Thomas , Dehner Carina , Dombi Eva , Draper Garrett , Fayad Laura , Ferner Rosalie , Fisher Michael J , Gutmann David H , Gross Andrea M , Hawk Kristina , Hirbe Angela , Johnston Fabian , Kim Aerang , Korf Bruce R , Largaespada David , Lazar Alexander , Le Lu , Legius Eric , Levin Adam S , Lucas Calixto-Hope G , Ly Ina , Miettinen Markku , Miller David , Morris Carol , Murphey Mark , Parada Luis , Pekmezci Melike , Perry Arie , Pratilas Christine , Quezado Martha , Ratley Marcus , Ratner Nancy , Rhodes Steven D , Ristow Inka , Rodriguez Fausto , Romo Carlos G , Arenas Eduard Serra , Sheard Steven , Shern John , Siegel Benjamin , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat , Sundby R Taylor , Szymanski Jeffrey , Vasudevan Harish N , Viskochil David , Weiss Brian D , Well Lennart , Widemann. Brigitte C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Consensus recommendations published in 2017 histologically defining atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of uncertain biologic potential (ANNUBP) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were codified in the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System and the 2022 WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. However, given the shift in diagnostic pathology toward the use of integrated histopathologic and genomic approaches, the incorporation of additional molecular strata in the classification of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors should be formalized to aid in accurate diagnosis and early identification of malignant transformation and enable appropriate intervention for affected patients. To this end, we assembled a multi-institutional expert pathology working group as part of a “Symposium on Atypical Neurofibroma: State of the Science.” Herein, we provide a suggested framework for adequate interventional radiology and surgical sampling and recommend molecular profiling for clinically or radiologically worrisome noncutaneous lesions in patients with NF1 to identify diagnostically-relevant molecular features, including CDKN2A/B inactivation for ANNUBP, as well as SUZ12, EED, or TP53 inactivating mutations, or significant aneuploidy for MPNST. We also propose renaming “low-grade MPNST” to “ANNUBP with increased proliferation” to avoid the use of the “malignant” term in this group of tumors with persistent unknown biologic potential. This refined integrated diagnostic approach for NF1-associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors should continue to evolve in concert with our understanding of these neoplasms.
Association Between Maternal Prepregnancy and Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Children's Telomere Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lame-Jouybari Amir Hossein , Fahami Mohammad Salar , Hosseini Mahla Sadat , Moradpour Maryam , Hojati Ali , Abbasalizad-Farhangi Mahdieh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Telomeres maintain chromosome stability and mark cellular aging, and their shortening with age compromises genomic stability.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing evidence to evaluate the relationship between the maternal pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and children's telomere length (TL).

Data Source
Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched from their inception to August 27, 2023, for pertinent observational studies.

Data Extraction
The random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on eligible studies that investigated the linear relationship between exposure and the outcomes of interest, utilizing the reported β-coefficient. Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity.

Data Analysis
A significant association was observed between maternal pregnancy BMI and children's TL (32 studies, pooled effect size [ES]: −0.04; 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.01; I2 = 47.51%, P &lt; .001) and maternal prepregnancy BMI and children's TL at birth (16 studies; pooled ES: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.02; I2 = 53.49%, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The findings indicate an inverse association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and TL in infants, which is evident within the normal to obese BMI range. This underscores the significance of maternal weight status before pregnancy as a determinant of offspring TL.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023466425.
Targeting RAF1 gene fusions with MEK inhibition in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Khaddour Karam , Haq Rizwan , Buchbinder Elizabeth I , Liu David , Manos Michael P , Ott Patrick A , Hodi F Stephen , Insco Megan L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The biological and clinical relevance of gene fusions in melanoma is unknown. Reports and preclinical data have suggested that tumor cells with specific rearrangements such as RAF1 gene fusions could be therapeutically targeted. To investigate the relevance of targeted therapy in patients with melanoma harboring RAF1 gene fusions, we reviewed records of 1268 melanoma patients with targeted sequencing data at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. We identified 9 cases and report here on their clinicopathologic characteristics. We describe the favorable outcome of 2 patients who received MEK inhibitor therapy, including 1 patient with a durable response. We coalesced our data with published reports of patients with RAF1 gene fusions who were treated with targeted therapy. We find that single-agent MEK inhibition has anti-tumor activity in melanoma patients harboring an RAF1 gene fusion, and we propose that patients with RAF1 gene fusions should be considered for single-agent MEK inhibitor therapy.
Consequentialism and deontological prohibitions
Authors: Zendejas Medina Pablo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is widely held that deontological moral theories are agent-relative because they include prohibitions on actions such as killing, or breaking promises, which cannot be understood as giving the same goal to different agents. They are thus thought to be inconsistent with consequentialism, in its traditional, agent-neutral form. However, the standard argument for this claim is incomplete, a problem which has led some to make the surprising claim that consequentialism and deontology can be reconciled. I defend the orthodox view, by developing a novel way of establishing agent-relativity, which involves showing that a moral theory admits of interpersonal dilemmas: possible situations where, whatever everyone does, someone must have acted wrongly.
The Cross-Section of Stock Returns Around the World in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Braggion Fabio , Driessen Joost , Moore Lyndon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study nine equity markets between 1900 and 1925 to provide an out-of-sample test of some major asset pricing anomalies during a period in which anomalies had not been documented. We find strong evidence of momentum in almost every market. We find no evidence of long-term reversals, which, coupled with the limited presence of institutional investors, suggests that underreaction should be considered as a key aspect of behavioral theories of momentum. We also find evidence for the size effect, betting-against-beta, and the outperformance of low volatility stocks, whereas we find mixed evidence of short-term reversal. (JEL G12, G15, N20)
MUC5B promoter variant and survival in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Klein Jacob , Wheeler Austin M , Baker Joshua F , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Frideres Halie , Wysham Katherine D , Kerr Gail S , Reimold Andreas , Ascherman Dana P , Kunkel Gary A , Cannon Grant W , Monach Paul A , Poole Jill A , Thiele Geoffrey M , Mikuls Ted R , England Bryant R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant and survival in RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).

Methods
We studied participants in the Veteran Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry with validated ILD diagnoses. Participants were followed until death or till the end of the study period. The MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant was measured using an Infinium genotyping array, assuming autosomal dominant inheritance. Survival and cause of death were determined from VA death records and the National Death Index. Associations of the MUC5B promoter variant with survival were tested in Cox regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Among 263 participants with RA-ILD (mean age 69 years, 95% male, 73% White, 85% smoking history), the MUC5B promoter variant was present in 33.5%. The mortality rate was similar between those with [12.2/100 PY (95% CI: 9.4, 15.8)] and without [11.1/100 PY (95% CI: 9.1, 13.5)] the variant. MUC5B status was not significantly associated with survival overall [aHR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.37)] or when stratified by ILD pattern [clinical usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) aHR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.35); clinical non-UIP aHR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.09)]. Further, MUC5B status was not significantly associated with respiratory-related [aHR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.66)] or non-respiratory causes of death [aHR 1.08 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.62)].

Conclusion
While associated with RA-ILD risk, the MUC5B promoter variant was not predictive of survival among RA-ILD patients in this multicentre cohort. Further studies are needed to identify other genetic and non-genetic prognostic factors in RA-ILD to inform disease management.
Serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity enables sensitive and specific diagnosis of hepatocellular injury in humans
Authors: Aubrecht Jiri , Potter David , Sauer John Michael , Warner Roscoe , Johnson Kent J , McGill Mitchell R , Peron Katrina , King Nicholas M P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Serum activities of alanine- and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are considered the “gold standard” biomarkers of hepatocyte injury in clinical practice and drug development. However, due to the expression of ALT and AST in myocytes, the diagnosis of hepatocellular injury in patients with underlying muscle diseases, including drug-induced muscle injury, is severely limited. Thus, we proposed glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) as a liver-specific alternative to serum ALT and AST. In fact, our exploratory studies showed that GLDH has comparable performance to ALT for detecting hepatocyte injury without interference from concomitant muscle injury. Here, we report the results of studies confirming the reference intervals in a healthy human population and the sensitivity and specificity of GLDH for the detection of hepatocyte injury in human subjects. In human subjects, we could not perform liver biopsies due to ethical reasons; we also confirmed the relationship of GLDH and histopathologic lesions using 32 model toxicants in rats. Furthermore, we have shown that injury to tissues that are known to express appreciable levels of GLDH does not affect serum GLDH measurements, indicating excellent liver specificity of serum GLDH. Finally, we observed faster elimination of GLDH than ALT in humans, indicating that decreasing GLDH values could be considered an early sign of recovery. This study provides comprehensive evidence of excellent sensitivity and liver specificity of GLDH for diagnosis of hepatocellular injury, including evaluation of reference intervals, which is essential for the interpretation of serum GLDH in human subjects.
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, treatment outcomes and associated factors among adult patients treated at public hospitals in the Harari Region of Ethiopia: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumela Derara , Ahmed Aliyi , Mehadi Ame , Wondimneh Fenta , Ahmed Mohammed , Yusuf Ahmednajash , Weldegebreal Fitsum 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that pose a significant burden in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine clinical patterns, outcomes and factors associated with HSS in the Harari Region of Ethiopia.

Methods
An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 93 adult patients diagnosed with HSS at public hospitals in the Harari Region from December 2018 to November 2022. Data were extracted from medical records using a standardized data extraction tool. EpiData version 4.2 and SPSS version 26.0 were used for data entry and analysis. Fisher's exact test was used to identify the association between dependent and independent variables, and statistical significance was declared at p&lt;0.05.

Results
In the current study, HSS-related mortality was recorded in 7.5% of patients. Recurrent episodes of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (p=0.04), hypotension (p=0.02), altered mental status at admission (p=0.009) and antibiotic use for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (p=0.04) were significant factors associated with HSS-related mortality.

Conclusions
The study found that treatment outcomes of HSS patients were strongly associated with recurrent upper GI bleeding, hypotension, altered mental status and antibiotic use for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment. The use of antibiotics for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment was strongly associated with the treatment outcome of patients with HSS and was unique to our study. Adequate recording of patient data, improving chart keeping, integration of preventive and curative programs, improvement of the diagnostic tools, comprehensive treatment guidelines, early diagnosis and treatment are strongly recommended. Rigorous prospective studies that can fully reflect cause-and-effect relationships are crucial to fill fundamental evidence gaps.