bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled fatigue‐corrosion life estimation of reinforced concrete beam: Numerical versus experimental approach
Authors: Verma Manoj , Mishra Shambhu Sharan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with the fatigue life of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) T‐beam. A fracture mechanics‐based formula incorporating reduction in cross section and nominal strength of reinforcement is developed for determining the fatigue life of a RC beam. A simplified model considering rebar fatigue damage was employed for numerical modeling. In the numerical investigation, the mathematical model was implemented in ANSYS workbench. In the experimental investigation, different degrees of corrosion were induced to the beam reinforcement by using the impressed current technique (ICT). After that, the beams were tested for fatigue by structural actuator subjecting them to three‐point loading arrangement. The fatigue lives of corroded bars were also examined experimentally after removing the bars from the tested beams. It was found that the difference between the fatigue lives obtained from the numerical and experimental models compared well. As the corrosion level increased, fatigue life also decreased. All the beams failed due to fatigue fracture of steel bars under cyclic loading. This paper aims to present an easy to implement numerical method to estimate coupled fatigue‐corrosion life of a RC T‐beam so that the requirements of tedious, time‐consuming, and costly physical testing for determination of coupled fatigue‐corrosion life can be eliminated.
Effect of Thomson and thermal loading due to laser pulse in a magneto‐thermo‐elastic porous medium with energy dissipation
Authors: Abd‐Elaziz Elsayed M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work attempts to investigate the influence of the Thomson heating and the Fourier's heat conduction, in the presence of a magnetic field, on half‐space thermo‐electricity solid with voids. The material is heated by a non‐Gaussian laser beam with pulse duration of 0.23 ps. The heat conduction equation is affected by the Thomson coefficient. A constant Thomson coefficient, instead of traditionally a constant Seebeck coefficient, was assumed. The charge density of the induced electric current is taken as a function of time. The basic governing equations are modified by using Green–Naghdi theory of type‐III. A normal mode method is proposed to analyze the problem and obtain numerical solutions. The results of the physical quantities have been illustrated graphically by a comparison between two values of time, with and without void parameters, as well as with and without Thomson coefficient.
The Mitcham Score: quantifying students’ descriptions of technology
Authors: Svenningsson Johan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA central issue when measuring students’ attitudes toward an object is the children’s understanding of that object, in this case, technology. Studies have shown that schoolchildren often describe technology narrowly as different kinds of technological objects; more specifically, modern electrical objects. This may mean that we have been measuring students’ attitudes toward modern technological objects for more than 30 years. This study intends to research what other aspects students potentially describe, when describing technology, and how the descriptions can be implemented in attitudes toward technology research. To visualize and analyze different aspects of technology, Carl Mitcham’s philosophical framework of the manifestations of technology is used. The deductive method used for analysis quantifies students’ descriptions of technology, for use in attitude, and other quantitative, studies. In this study, descriptions of technology and technology education from 164 students (aged 12–15) are analyzed, classified and quantified within Mitcham’s typology (technology as Object–Activities–Knowledge–Volition). The student descriptions are compared to the typology and students score a point for every one of the four aspects of technology they describe. The sum of aspects in the description is named The Mitcham Score. The results of this study show that students can describe technology in a broad way using all four aspects of Mitcham’s typology. In line with previous studies, the most common way is to describe technology as objects and activities using the objects. Technological knowledge has not been in focus in previous studies of student descriptions. In this study, 44.5% of the students mention technological knowledge in their descriptions of technology. Measurement using the Mitcham Score provides a method to study both students’ concepts of technology and the factors that might affect this. The Mitcham Score is potentially one more factor to use in analyzing students’ attitudinal profiles. The method is sufficiently reliable and enables a broad understanding of students’ attitudes.
Assessment of a Simplified Correlation Between Wettability Measurement and Dispersion/Coagulation Potency of Oxide Particles in Ferrous Alloy Melt
Authors: Nakajima Keiji , Mu Wangzhong , Jönsson Pär G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to demonstrate a direct and simplified correlation between the measurement of the wettability and the agglomeration potency of the inclusion particles in liquid ferrous alloy. The established methodology has been validated by the agreement between the calculated coagulation coefficient of Al2O3 particles and the experimental data in the open literature. Subsequently, the coagulation coefficient of Al2O3, MgO, and Ti2O3 particles in ferrous alloy melts was evaluated quantitatively by the proposed method using the actual experimental data of contact angle and surface tension. Meanwhile, the effect of the matrix composition has been investigated by comparing the Hamaker constant and coagulation coefficient between Ti2O3/pure iron and Ti2O3/low-carbon steel systems. It is noted that the change of coagulation coefficient associated with the contact angle is caused by the formation of a new phase at the oxide/metal interface at the high temperature. The present work aims to provide a deep understanding of the connection between inclusion motion behavior in the liquid alloy and the high temperature interfacial phenomenon.
Proteomic analysis of differentially abundant proteins in the embryo and endosperm of Givotia moluccana (L.) Sreem
Authors: Pullaiahgari Durgeshwar , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Tirupaati Swaroopa Rani , Gudipalli Padmaja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProteome analysis of embryo and endosperm of Givotia moluccana, a promising angiosperm tree species was carried out using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight to identify differentially abundant proteins and their possible functions. The study revealed the presence of 492 protein spots in the embryo and 432 in the endosperm, and the relative abundance of 44 spots varied significantly between the two. Of the 21 functionally characterized protein spots, 14.3% were involved in metabolism and energy, 28.6% in protein destination and storage, 14.3% in defense and stress and 19% in cell growth and division. The embryo-specific protein ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FtsH is predicted to be involved in chloroplast biogenesis and the endosperm-specific protein hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase in fatty acid synthesis. These results suggested that the seeds have proteins required for germination and for stress responses.
The Benefits of Enterprise Architecture in Organizational Transformation
Authors: Niemi Eetu , Pekkola Samuli 
Published: June 2019

AbstractToday, as organizations constantly adjust their activities to meet ever-changing circumstances, continuous business transformation is taking place. However, planning and steering this transformation can be a daunting task as complexity has been built into the organization over the years. Enterprise Architecture (EA) has been widely adapted as a planning and governance approach to manage the complexity and constant change, and to align the organization toward a common goal. This article studies the EA benefit-realization process by clarifying how EA benefits are realized. Specifically, the focus is on the strategies, resources, and practices which the EA benefits stem from. The findings, derived from an in-depth case study, show that the EA benefit-realization process constitutes a long, intertwined chain of activities. Organizations benefit from EA through various means: from the initiation, when comprehensive understanding starts to form, until years later, when measurable outcomes such as cost savings materialize. Suggestions on what to incorporate into EA programs are presented.
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization: open research areas and some challenges lying ahead
Authors: Coello Coello Carlos A. , González Brambila Silvia , Figueroa Gamboa Josué , Castillo Tapia Ma Guadalupe , Hernández Gómez Raquel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvolutionary multiobjective optimization has been a research area since the mid-1980s, and has experienced a very significant activity in the last 20 years. However, and in spite of the maturity of this field, there are still several important challenges lying ahead. This paper provides a short description of some of them, with a particular focus on open research areas, rather than on specific research topics or problems. The main aim of this paper is to motivate researchers and students to develop research in these areas, as this will contribute to maintaining this discipline active during the next few years.
HALE wing experiments and computational models to predict nonlinear flutter and dynamic response
Authors: Amato E. M. , Polsinelli C. , Cestino E. , Frulla G. , Joseph N. , Carrese R. , Marzocca P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExperimental and numerical investigations into the linear and nonlinear aeroelastic behaviour of very flexible High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) wings are conducted to assess the effect of geometrical nonlinearities on wings displaying moderate-to-large displacement. The study shows that the dynamic behaviour of wings under large deflection, and specifically the edgewise and torsion natural frequencies and modal characteristics, are largely affected by the presence of geometrical nonlinearities. A modular wing structure has been manufactured by rapid prototyping and it has been tested to characterise its dynamic and aeroelastic behaviour. At first, several simple isotropic cantilever beams with selected crosssections are numerically investigated to extract their modal characteristics. Experiments are subsequently conducted to validate the geometrically nonlinear dynamics behaviour due to high tip displacement and to understand the influence of the beam cross-section geometry. The structural dynamics and aeroelastic analysis of a very flexible modular selected wing is then investigated. Clean-wing wind-tunnel tests are carried out to assess flutter and dynamic response. The wind-tunnel model display interesting aeroelastic features including the substantial influence of the wing large deformation on its natural frequencies and modal characteristics.
Stagnation pressure effect on the supersonic minimum length nozzle design
Authors: Zebbiche T. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to develop a calculation model based on the method of characteristics making it possible to study the effect of the stagnation pressure of the combustion chamber on the 2D and axisymmetric minimum length nozzle design giving a uniform and parallel flow at the exit section. The model is based on the use of the real gas approach. The co-volume and the intermolecular interaction effect are taken into account by the use of the Berthelot state equation. The effect of molecular vibration is considered in our model to evaluate the behaviour of gas at a high temperature. In this case, the stagnation pressure and the stagnation temperature are important parameters in our model. The resolution of the algebraic equations is done by the finite difference corrector predictor algorithm. The validation of the results is controlled by the convergence of the critical section ratios calculated numerically as obtained by the theory. The mass and the thrust are evaluated to improve the efficiency of the nozzle. The comparison is made with the high temperature and perfect gas models. The application is made for air.
A new species of dercetid (Teleostei, Aulopiformes) from the type Maastrichtian of southern Limburg, the Netherlands
Authors: Wallaard Jonathan J.W. , Fraaije René H.B. , Diependaal Henk J. , Jagt John W.M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn the basis of dissociated and scattered skull bones and several types of scutes and scales of a single, large-sized individual, a new species of dercetid is recorded from the lower to middle portion of the Maastricht Formation (upper Gronsveld, Schiepersberg or Emael members) as formerly exposed at ’t Rooth quarry near Bemelen, east of Maastricht, the Netherlands. This new taxon,Pelargorhynchus grandisn. sp., the fifth dercetid recorded to date from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage, is characterised by the presence of both large, smooth scutes and small ornamented scales, by the degree of curvature of skull bones, the presence of unfused premaxillae and the lack of teeth.
A Unified Architecture for Physical and Ergonomic Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Ferraguti Federica , Villa Renzo , Talignani Landi Chiara , Maria Zanchettin Andrea , Rocco Paolo , Secchi Cristian 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYIndustrial applications that involve working on and moving a heavy load or that constrain the operator to work in uncomfortable positions can take advantage of the assistance of a robotic assistant. In this paper, we propose an architecture for an ergonomic human–robot co-manipulation of objects of various shapes and weight. The object is carried by the robot and, thanks to an ergonomic planner, is positioned in the most comfortable way for the user. Furthermore, thanks to an admittance control with payload compensation, the user can easily adjust the position of the object for working on different parts of it. The proposed architecture is experimentally validated in a robotic cell including an ABB industrial robot.
Her Storyor their own stories? Digital game-based learning, student creativity, and creative writing
Authors: Lee Sangmin-Michelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis qualitative study investigates a media transfer project in which a digital game was used to promote student creativity in an English as a foreign language (EFL) class. The paper first addresses the potential of opportunities for stimulating student creativity and motivation. Creativity has been highlighted as a core competency and has garnered considerable interest in many fields in recent years; however, creativity and creative writing are rarely cultivated in EFL writing classrooms. This study uses a digital game and designs a creative writing project to provide an authentic learning opportunity through which students were able to develop their creativity, use the target language in a meaningful way, and enjoy learning. A murder mystery game,Her Story, was selected because it provides a springboard for creative writing due to its fragmented and ambiguous narrative. Based on the game plot, 25 Korean university students reimagined the narrative in creative writing projects of their own. The study analyzes the students’ writing according to three constructs in Torrance’s model of creativity: originality, flexibility, and elaboration. The results demonstrate how the students’ writing exhibits considerable creativity in all three constructs. Student reflection papers and surveys indicate that participating in the project enhanced the students’ motivation for and engagement in learning.
‘Ces grandes dames, ça ne va pas souvent à l’église’: A corpus-based investigation of dislocation featuring co-referent clitic ça
Authors: Linares Emily 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough previous research has documented dislocations in which a dislocated noun phrase (NP) occurs with the co-referent pronounça(e.g., Carlier, 1996; Jones, 1996), this study represents the firstcorpus-drivenexamination focused on this syntactic construction. In examining examples identified in both an oral and a written corpus, the investigation serves to nuance the association between dislocation and orality (McLaughlin, 2011). The research also interrogates the relationship between dislocations featuring co-referent cliticçaand genericity. The extent to which this construction more frequently signals a pejorative attitude towards certain groups of animate NPs than others is also explored. Finally, this study advances methodological considerations for research on rare syntactic forms.
Alternative modelling and inference methods for claim size distributions
Authors: Raschke Mathias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe upper tail of a claim size distribution of a property line of business is frequently modelled by Pareto distribution. However, the upper tail does not need to be Pareto distributed, extraordinary shapes are possible. Here, the opportunities for the modelling of loss distributions are extended. The basic idea is the adjustment of a base distribution for their tails. The (generalised) Pareto distribution is used as base distribution for different reasons. The upper tail is in the focus and can be modelled well for special cases by a discrete mixture of the base distribution with a combination of the base distribution with an adapting distribution via the product of their survival functions. A kind of smoothed step is realised in this way in the original line function between logarithmic loss and logarithmic exceedance probability. The lower tail can also be adjusted. The new approaches offer the opportunity for stochastic interpretation and are applied to observed losses. For parameter estimation, a modification of the minimum Anderson Darling distance method is used. A new test is suggested to exclude that the observed upper tail is better modelled by a simple Pareto distribution. Q-Q plots are applied, and secondary results are also discussed.
High‐Resolution Measurements of the Cross‐Shock Potential, Ion Reflection, and Electron Heating at an Interplanetary Shock by MMS
Authors: Cohen Ian J. , Schwartz Steven J. , Goodrich Katherine A. , Ahmadi Narges , Ergun Robert E. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Desai Mihir I. , Christian Eric R. , McComas David J. , Zank Gary P. , Shuster Jason R. , Vines Sarah K. , Mauk Barry H. , Decker Robert B. , Anderson Brian J. , Westlake Joseph H. , Le Contel Olivier , Breuillard Hugo , Giles Barbara L. , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft obtained unprecedented high‐time resolution multipoint particle and field measurements of an interplanetary shock event on 8 January 2018. The spacecraft encountered the supercritical forward shock of a forward/reverse shock pair in the pristine solar wind upstream of the bow shock near the subsolar point as they neared apogee at ~25 RE. The high‐time resolution measurements from the four spacecraft, separated by only ~20 km, allowed direct measurement of particle distributions revealing evidence of electron heating and near specularly reflected ions. The cross‐shock potential is calculated directly from 3‐D electric field measurements. This is the first reported direct high temporal resolution (<1 s) observation at an interplanetary shock of near specularly reflected ions. Calculation of the cross‐shock potential yields a potential jump significant enough to reflect at least some of the protons from the incident solar wind beam. The cross‐shock potential calculated here is consistent with previous estimations based on particle measurements and numerical/analytical simulations. The ambipolar contribution to the cross‐shock potential calculated from the four‐spacecraft divergence of the electron pressure tensor is somewhat higher than that inferred form the Liouville‐mapped electron energy gain across the shock. Furthermore, the high‐time‐resolution 3‐D electric field measurements reported here reveal small‐scale nonlinear structures embedded in the shock layer that contribute to the nonmonotonic shock transition.
Connecting Direct Effects of CO2 Radiative Forcing to Ocean Heat Uptake and Circulation
Authors: Menzel Molly E. , Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ocean's response to direct atmospheric effects of increased carbon dioxide's (CO2) radiative forcing is examined. These direct effects are defined as the climate changes that result from forcing on a fast time scale of about a year, independent of the slower surface warming that the forcing also provokes. To evaluate how these direct effects impact ocean heat uptake and circulation, output of atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) simulations are used to force an ocean GCM with comprehensive boundary conditions. Perturbation simulations with the prescribed response to a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 include altered surface winds, freshwater fluxes, downwelling shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave cloud radiative effect. The perturbation simulations show that the intensification and poleward shift of surface winds, particularly in the Southern Ocean, strengthen the shallow overturning circulation in the tropical Pacific and deep overturning in the Atlantic. This, in turn, has a cooling effect on the global ocean at shallow depths. A two‐layer energy balance model, designed to capture transient global mean climate change, is adapted to account for the altered ocean heat uptake from direct effects. The direct change in global mean ocean heat uptake is a decrease of about 0.3 W/m2 for quadrupling of CO2, offsetting about 5% of the surface longwave forcing.
Spatial Scales and Plasma Properties of the Distant Magnetopause: Evidence for Selective Ion and Electron Transport
Authors: Lukin A. S. , Artemyev A. V. , Petrukovich A. A. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Wang C.‐P. , Yushkov E. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOne of the most important sources of magnetospheric plasma is particle entry through the distant magnetotail boundary, the nightside magnetopause. This entry mechanism depends on the magnetopause configuration. Off the equator, the strong lobe magnetic field renders the magnetopause a tangential or a rotational discontinuity, and thus the magnetosheath field orientation predominantly controls particle entry through magnetic reconnection. At the equatorial, distant tail magnetopause, however, the magnetic field's control of particle entry is diminished because the plasma beta there is large on both sides of the boundary. Thus, transport there can be significantly different from that at the dayside and off‐equatorial magnetopauses. Using observations from two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun probes, we investigate plasma transport mechanisms around the distant equatorial magnetopause. We find that transport occurs as a series of abrupt transitions in density, ion and electron temperatures, and ion kinetic energy of spatial scales as small as a typical plasma sheet ion gyroradius. Analysis of the particle phase space density reveals that an energy‐selection mechanism controls electron transport across the magnetopause, whereas ion transport is likely controlled by spatial diffusion driven by low‐frequency magnetic field fluctuations. We discuss the importance of these fluctuations for the magnetopause structure (e.g., the thickness of the transitions in plasma density, ion and electron temperatures, and ion kinetic energy).