bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of elamipretide on skeletal muscle in dogs with experimentally induced heart failure
Authors: Sabbah Hani N. , Gupta Ramesh C. , Singh‐Gupta Vinita , Zhang Kefei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsElamipretide (ELAM), an aromatic–cationic tetrapeptide, interacts with cardiolipin and normalizes dysfunctional mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. This study examined the effects of ELAM on skeletal muscle mitochondria function in dogs with chronic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsStudies were performed in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens obtained from normal dogs (n = 7) and dogs with chronic intracoronary microembolization‐induced HF (n = 14) treated with subcutaneous ELAM 0.5 mg/kg (HF + ELAM, n = 7) or vehicle (normal saline control, HF‐CON, n = 7). After 3 months of therapy, triceps skeletal muscle samples were obtained from all dogs, and the proportion of type 1 and type 2 fibres was assessed. Mitochondria isolated from myofibrils of the vastus lateralis skeletal muscle exposed in vitro to ELAM for 1 h were used to assess mitochondrial function. The proportion of skeletal muscle type 1 fibres was lower in HF‐CON dogs compared with normal dogs (23 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 5%, P < 0.05). Treatment with ELAM restored a near‐normal fibre‐type composition (31 ± 7%, P < 0.05 vs. HF‐CON). Skeletal muscle mitochondria showed significantly lower levels of adenosine diphosphate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration (100 ± 9 vs. 164 ± 15 natom O/min/mg protein, P < 0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (0.17 ± 0.03 vs. 0.53 ± 0.03 red/green fluorescence ratio, P < 0.05), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (38 ± 3 vs. 62 ± 2 relative light units, P < 0.05), maximum rate of adenosine triphosphate synthesis (3284 ± 418 vs. 8835 ± 423 RLU/μg protein, P < 0.05), and cytochrome c oxidase activity (1390 ± 108 vs. 2459 ± 210 natom O/min/mg protein, P < 0.05) compared with normal dogs. Exposure of skeletal muscle myofibrillar mitochondria from HF dogs to ELAM showed a dose‐dependent improvement/normalization of all measures of mitochondrial function. In mitochondria from skeletal muscle of HF dogs exposed to 0.10 μM ELAM, adenosine diphosphate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration increased to 183 ± 18 natom O/min/mg protein, membrane potential increased to 0.30 ± 0.03 red/green fluorescence ratio, mitochondrial permeability transition pore increased to 54 ± 4 RLU, maximum rate of adenosine triphosphate synthesis increased to 4423 ± 414, and cytochrome c oxidase activity increased to 2033 ± 191 natom O/min/mg protein. Exposure of skeletal muscle myofibrillar mitochondria from normal dogs to ELAM had no effect on mitochondrial function parameters.ConclusionsThe results indicate that ELAM, previously shown to positively influence mitochondrial function of the failing heart, can also positively impact mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle and potentially help restore skeletal muscle function and improve exercise tolerance.
Joint cooperative spectrum sensing and primary user emulation attack detection in cognitive radio networks using fuzzy conditional entropy maximization
Authors: Banerjee Avik , Maity Santi P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio system shows improved performance on spectrum sensing but, at the same time, faces a common threat called primary user emulation attack (PUEA) that impersonates the primary user (PU). This work explores joint PU and PUEA detection on CSS as a multiclass hypothesis using fuzzy conditional entropy maximization. To meet the goal, a multithreshold approach is suggested using a constrained differential evolution algorithm search to determine an optimal set of fuzzy function parameters, which maximizes the conditional entropy on the energy values. The proposed work also investigates the performance of CSS in presence of a group of malicious users (as PUEA), which generates signals and directly sends the same to the fusion center. Numerical results through simulation illustrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of both reliable PU detection in presence or absence of PUEA/malicious user and separate detection of falsifying PU and energy consumption in CSS. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme offers ∼17.54% and ∼39.39% higher detection probability of PU over the existing works in presence of PUEA.
Studies on diverse chemical species derived from chalcogen atoms ~ The Footprint of Professor Naomichi Furukawa in Heteroatom Chemistry ~
Authors: Sato Soichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis account summarizes representative contributions of Prof. Naomichi Furukawa to the field of heteroatom chemistry. Ligand‐coupling reactions (LCRs) and ligand‐exchange reactions (LERs) of chalcogen derivatives were developed from reactions of trivalent chalcogen species with organometallic reagents. Prof. Furukawa has also reported a large number of mono‐ and dicationic compounds generated via transannular and intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, the detection and isolation of hypercoordinated chalcogen species bearing only carbon ligands and an efficient method for the synthesis of thiophene S‐oxides and their reactivity are described.
The price elasticity of quantity, and of quality, for tobacco products
Authors: Gibson John , Kim Bonggeun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use household survey data to estimate the price elasticity of quantity, and of quality, for tobacco products. In our data, commonly used estimation methods suggest an own‐price elasticity of demand of about −1. These methods add together responses on the quantity margin and the quality margin. Just one third of the response to price is from quantity and two thirds is from quality. The simulated effect of higher excise taxes is to reduce overall quantity by just one third of what is predicted if the quality response is ignored. Higher taxes also shift demand to lower quality tobacco products.
Meta‐analysis comparing outcomes of different transoral surgical modalities in management of oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Civantos Francisco J. , Leibowitz Jason M. , Thomas Giovana R. , Arnold David J. , Franzmann Elizabeth J. , Nicolli Elizabeth A. , Lo Kaming , Nemeth Zsuzsanna , Sargi Zoukaa B. , Weed Donald T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptimal transoral surgical modality for oropharyneal carcinoma is currently unclear. Transoral laser surgery (TLS), transoral robotic surgery (TORS), and conventional direct transoral (DT) oropharyngectomy are the main current transoral surgical modalities for oropharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsMEDLINE was systematically searched through PubMed. Reference lists were reviewed. Random‐effects models were used to combine studies within each group. Tests for heterogeneity were used to explore difference in effect size between groups in subgroup analysis.ResultsNine studies (404 patients) in TORS arm, five studies (498 patients) in TLS arm, and three studies (335 patients) in DT arm were included. Early T classification (T1‐T2) for TORS and DT were higher compared to TLS group (P < .001). There was no significant difference between groups in the rate of invaded margin, post‐operative oropharyngeal bleeding, temporary tracheotomy, and gastrostomy dependence.ConclusionThe available data do not yet provide clear evidence of superiority of any one modality.
A Tetraethynyl[5]cumulene
Authors: Marshall Jonathan L. , Arslan Funda , Januszewski Johanna A. , Ferguson Michael J. , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe first example of a new class of carbon‐rich molecules is introduced, namely, a derivative of tetraethynyl[5]cumulene (TE5C). The use of sterically demanding pendent groups is the decisive structural feature to provide a stable product. Whereas triisopropylsilyl groups are seemingly not sufficiently large to afford an isolable cumulene product, switching to the larger tris(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)methyl (‘supertrityl’) groups gives a crystalline, stable compound ([5]TE). The structural and electronic properties of [5]TE are examined in comparison to its closest known molecular relatives, tetraaryl[5]cumulenes.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high‐risk prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Brunner Robert , Buck Bradley , Giffen Zane , Murtagh Daniel , Lewis Terrence , Gatto‐Weis Cara , Sindhwani Puneet 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy in high‐risk, locally advanced prostate cancer remains an understudied area of prostate cancer. Chemotherapy continues to be a viable option. The combination with surgery may be desired but lacks data for complete recommendation.Case presentationWe demonstrate the successful utilization of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant arena. A 70‐year‐old male was diagnosed with high‐risk prostate cancer on biopsy. Upon multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, the patient had local rectal wall invasion and stage T4 N0 M0 after a negative bone scan. After treatment with androgen‐deprivation therapy and docetaxel, repeat multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging showed regression of rectal invasion. The patient elected for prostatectomy and avoided proctectomy and colostomy. The patient's postoperative prostate‐specific antigen was undetectable on initial follow‐up.ConclusionWe show that neoadjuvant chemotherapy merits further study and may provide a more permanent surgical option for patients.
Nanomaterials as potential and versatile platform for next generation tissue engineering applications
Authors: Singla Rubbel , Abidi Syed M. S. , Dar Aqib Iqbal , Acharya Amitabha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field where alternate/artificial tissues or organ substitutes are implanted to mimic the functionality of damaged or injured tissues. Earlier efforts were made to develop natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic materials for skin equivalents to treat burns or skin wounds. Nowadays, many more tissues like bone, cardiac, cartilage, heart, liver, cornea, blood vessels, and so forth are being engineered using 3‐D biomaterial constructs or scaffolds that could deliver active molecules such as peptides or growth factors. Nanomaterials (NMs) due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties possess significant opportunities in TE applications. Traditional TE scaffolds were based on hydrolytically degradable macroporous materials, whereas current approaches emphasize on controlling cell behaviors and tissue formation by nano‐scale topography that closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix. This review article gives a comprehensive outlook of different organ specific NMs which are being used for diversified TE applications. Varieties of NMs are known to serve as biological alternatives to repair or replace a portion or whole of the nonfunctional or damaged tissue. NMs may promote greater amounts of specific interactions stimulated at the cellular level, ultimately leading to more efficient new tissue formation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2433–2449, 2019.
Effect of the configuration of poly(lactic acid) and content of poly(oxyethylene) blocks to the structure and functional properties of poly(lactic acid)‐block‐poly(oxirane)‐based nanofibrous electrospun polyester–ether–urethanes used as potential drug‐delivery system
Authors: Pavelková Alena , Kucharczyk Pavel , Capáková Zdenka , Peer Petra , Pummerová Martina , Zedník Jiří , Vohlídal Jiří , Sedlařík Vladimír 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPoly(lactic acid)‐block‐poly(oxirane)s (PLA‐b‐POE) of various compositions were prepared using a one‐pot approach and then extended in a reaction with l‐lysine diethyl ester diisocyanate, thereby forming polyester–ether–urethanes (PEU) with prolonged chains and units with increased degradability. The PEUs are processed by electrospinning to prepare degradable nanofibrous sheet materials with and without encapsulating the antibiotic Vancomycin (VAC). PLA block isomerism and POE blocks oligomeric content (1000 g/mol) affect the thermal properties, processability, nanofibrous sheet morphology, abiotic degradation, cytocompatibility, and encapsulated antibiotic release rate of prepared PEUs. Therefore, our findings provide an effective approach to tuning the functional properties of these advanced biocompatible materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2378–2387, 2019.
Teriparatide Treatment for Hypercalcemia Associated With Adynamic Bone Disease
Authors: Peugh Jennifer , Khalil Andrew , Chan Micah R , Hansen Karen E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHypercalcemia most often results from primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Adynamic bone disease (ABD) is a form of renal osteodystrophy characterized by reduced bone turnover, which can limit the ability of bone to release or store calcium, potentially leading to low, normal, or high serum calcium levels. We describe a 51‐year‐old dialysis‐dependent female with hypercalcemia after parathyroidectomy. A demeclocycline‐labeled bone biopsy confirmed adynamic bone disease. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone (PTH) used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis, was prescribed for 12 months and normalized serum calcium levels. Although previous case reports and series have described favorable changes in spine bone mineral density when teriparatide was prescribed for ABD, ours is the first documented case in which teriparatide resolved hypercalcemia due to ABD. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan represses neural stem/progenitor cells migration via PTPσ/α‐actinin4 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhong Jun , Lan Chuan , Zhang Chao , Yang Yang , Chen Wei‐Xiang , Zhang Kai‐Yuan , Zhao Heng‐Li , Fang Xuan‐Yu , Li Huan‐Huan , Tan Liang , Wang Pan , Ge Hong‐Fei , Hu Rong , Feng Hua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell‐replacement therapy after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the short of sufficient NSPCs migration and integration into the lesions is an essential challenge for cell‐based therapy after CNS injury due to the disturbance of local environmental homeostasis. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is obviously accumulated at the lesions and destroyed local homeostasis after CNS injury. The previous study has demonstrated that the CSPG is a dominating ingredient inhibiting axonal regrowth of newly born neurons after CNS injury. NSPCs, a strain of special neural subtypes, hold the capacity of leading processes formation to regulate NSPCs migration, which has the same mechanism as axonal regrowth. Hence, it is worth investigating the effect of CSPG on NSPCs migration and its underlying mechanism. Here, different concentration of CSPG was used to evaluate its effect on NSPCs migration. The results showed that the CSPG suppressed NSPCs migration in a dose‐dependent manner from 10 to 80 µg/mL with phase‐contrast microscopy after 24 hours. Meanwhile, transwell assays were performed to certify the above results. Our data indicated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG obviously suppressed NSPCs migration via decreasing filopodia formation using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, data indicated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG upregulated protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ (PTPσ) expression and decreased α‐actinin4 (ACTN4) expression through immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assays. While the inhibitory effect was attenuated using PTPσ‐specific small interfering RNA. In addition, data demonstrated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG facilitated NSPCs differentiation into glial ﬁbrillary acidic protein‐positive cells and inhibited NSPCs directing into MAP2‐ and MBP‐positive cells. Collectively, these data demonstrated that the CSPG suppressed NSPCs migration through PTPσ/ACTN4 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, CSPG facilitated NSPCs differentiation into astrocytes and inhibited NSPCs directing into neurons and oligodendrocytes.
Community coalition readiness for implementing something new: Using a Delphi methodology
Authors: Domlyn Ariel M. , Wandersman Abraham 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganizational readiness for an innovation (a program, policy, or practice new to a setting) is important for successful implementation. The R = MC2 heuristic focuses on capacity and motivation as a framework for readiness; it comprises 3 components and 18 subcomponents. A Delphi study with community coalition leaders was undertaken to assess when each subcomponent is most significant in the life cycle of implementing an innovation in a coalition. Results include that motivation is viewed as most important in the early stages of implementation and leadership, climate, program champions, and interorganizational relationships are relevant throughout the lifespan of implementation. Results have implications for the future of assessing and building coalition readiness.
Permeation of greywater constituents in an aquaporin based biomimetic forward osmosis membrane process: experimental performance and modeling
Authors: Wang Ce , Li Yongmei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn aquaporin based biomimetic forward osmosis (FO) membrane was tested with 11 greywater constituents to evaluate the membrane performance. The effects of solute type and concentration on water flux and rejection were investigated. A model was developed to predict the rejection of greywater constituents in the FO process.RESULTSThe aquaporin based biomimetic membrane (ABBM) presented high water flux (16.1–17.4 L m‐2 h−1) for greywater. Inorganic ions had little effect on permeability of the ABBM. For the tested organic solutes, while lactic acid, glucose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate showed a positive impact on permeability of the ABBM, sodium dodecyl sulfate had a negative effect. After the tests of 11 selected constituents in greywater, the ABBM showed good chemical stability. Steric hindrance and electrostatic interaction both governed the diffusion of feed solutes through the ABBM. The mathematical model developed in this study accurately predicted the solute with small permeability coefficient (Bp value <3 L m‐2 h−1) transport through the ABBM. And it was suitable for predicting the rejections of target solutes at low FS concentration (≤ 6 mmol L–1).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that the ABBM could be used in greywater treatment and the developed model could contribute to greywater reuse. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Attitudes of clinicians toward cardiac surgery and trisomy 18
Authors: Kaulfus Meagan E. , Gardiner Helena , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Mendez‐Figueroa Hector , Miller Victoria J. , Stevens Blair , Carter Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrisomy 18 is an autosomal trisomy condition characterized by minor to major birth defects, severe disabilities, and high rates of pre‐ and postnatal mortality. Interventions for these infants have traditionally been withheld with focus instead on palliative support. The issues and attitudes surrounding corrective surgery of congenital heart defects, which is a birth defect that occurs in approximately 90% of infants with trisomy 18, is of our study's interest as recent literature has indicated that cardiac surgery is being performed and may lead to improved survival compared to palliative care. Thus, our study aimed to describe clinician attitudes toward cardiac surgery and trisomy 18. We surveyed 378 clinicians from multiple specialties, including genetic counselors, involved in the pre‐ and postnatal care of infants with trisomy 18. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe all clinicians' responses, and a secondary analysis with stratifications by clinician type was also performed. Forty‐eight percent (n = 378) of clinicians felt it was appropriate to discuss the option of cardiac surgery. Ethical concerns and insufficient outcome data were the most agreed upon reasons for not offering cardiac surgery. Trisomy 18 not being uniformly lethal and expressed parental wishes were the most agreed upon justifications for offering surgery. Clinicians felt the discussion of the option of cardiac surgery is appropriate, however are hesitant due to ethical concerns and insufficient outcome data. Results from this study aim to promote discussion and collaboration among clinicians to improve consistency in patient care.
Frontline Science: Employing enzymatic treatment options for management of ocular biofilm-based infections
Authors: Kugadas Abirami , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Guy Emilia , DiGiandomenico Antonio , Sykes David B , Mansour Michael K , Mirchev Rossen , Gadjeva Mihaela 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced corneal keratitis is a sight-threatening disease. The rise of antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa keratitis isolates makes treatment of this disease challenging, emphasizing the need for alternative therapeutic modalities. By comparing the responses to P. aeruginosa infection between an outbred mouse strain (Swiss Webster, SW) and a susceptible mouse strain (C57BL6/N), we found that the inherent neutrophil-killing abilities of these strains correlated with their susceptibility to infection. Namely, SW-derived neutrophils were significantly more efficient at killing P. aeruginosa in vitro than C57BL6/N-derived neutrophils. To interrogate whether the distinct neutrophil killing capacities were dependent on endogenous or exogenous factors, neutrophil progenitor cell lines were generated. The in vitro differentiated neutrophils from either SW or C57BL6/N progenitors retained the differential killing abilities, illustrating that endogenous factors conferred resistance. Consistently, quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis revealed strain-specific and infection-induced alterations of neutrophil proteomes. Among the distinctly elevated proteins in the SW-derived proteomes were α-mannosidases, potentially associated with protection. Inhibition of α-mannosidases reduced neutrophil bactericidal functions in vitro. Conversely, topical application of α-mannosidases reduced bacterial biofilms and burden of infected corneas. Cumulatively, these data suggest novel therapeutic approaches to control bacterial biofilm assembly and improve bacterial clearance via enzymatic treatments.