bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘No TV programme is made about boring magistrates’ cases’: Revisiting the ‘ideology of triviality’ in magistrates’ justice
Authors: Kirby Amy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagistrates’ courts in England and Wales deal with around 95% of cases from start to completion, with many cases heard by lay magistrates. Despite this reliance on both the lower courts and decision making by lay adjudicators, it has been repeatedly argued that magistrates’ justice receives little attention. McBarnet (1981) argues that this is due to an ‘ideology of triviality’ in which the work of the magistrates’ courts is constructed as ‘trivial’, when in fact the cases heard are serious in nature and consequence. This article draws upon the framing of the ‘ideology of triviality’ to present findings from a qualitative study which examined contemporary workings of magistrates’ justice through court observations and interviews with lay court users. The findings suggest that the fallacy of ‘triviality’ continues to pervade magistrates’ justice. This has consequences for both those with personal experience of the magistrates’ courts and wider society.
Analysis of the Heat Transfer Properties of a Dispersion System With Rice Grain Particles
Authors: Nagahama Tamaki , Watanabe Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigated steady heat transfer in rice grains at various temperatures to evaluate the heat transfer properties of food solid–liquid dispersions and their particle size dependence. The two dispersion systems, comprising homogeneously dispersed and heterogeneously precipitated solutions with various volumetric solid–liquid fractions and diameters of rice grain particles, were prepared using media with different specific gravities. The thermal conductivity of both dispersion solutions depended on the solid–liquid fraction and particle diameter, and the effective interfacial area between the dispersion phase and the medium was suggested to contribute to thermal conductivity. That is, reducing the effective interfacial area was indicated to make heat transfer in the dispersion solution more efficient. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the dispersion phase was estimated using a model equation, and it was suggested that the thermal conductivity at the temperature above the gelatinization temperature might reflect the effect of water sorption by rice grains and gelatinization. The experimental and analytical methods used in this study could potentially provide useful information for simulations of thermal manipulation in the manufacturing and processing not only of rice grains but also other granular foods, especially food materials containing a large quantity of starch, such as beans.
Innovation in delirium care: A standardized intervention to reverse inattention using touch and movement
Authors: Bisson Dana E. , Clancy Burgess Shannon C. , Gamache Michelle E. , Dunn Maureen P. , Valeras Aimee B. , Lindpaintner Lyn S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDelirium is a complex neurocognitive disorder characterized by an acute disturbance in attention, awareness, and perception. It is a dangerous syndrome that is independently associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, inpatient complications, and is a predictor of long‐term cognitive dysfunction. Although delirium can occur in persons of all ages, the prevalence among and impact on older adults is particularly significant. Current gold standard approaches for delirium include treating medical precipitants and physiological perturbations and optimizing the environment using multicomponent nonpharmacological interventions. Although these approaches are proven effective in preventing delirium, evidence has not shown them to significantly improve delirium once it occurs. The need for a safe, effective, and specific treatment for the phenotype of delirium itself is an urgent priority worldwide. The intervention described in this article, Attention and Awareness Through Movement technique followed by Movement To Capacity (AATM/MTC), targets cortical dysfunction through sustained sequential touch, cranial nerve stimulation, and muscular movement. It raises the tantalizing possibility that a specific method to reduce inattention and normalize arousal levels may not only be feasible but also safe and inexpensive. For these reasons, preliminary observations are described in the hope of stimulating interest in further exploration of this novel approach to delirium therapy.
Personal Communication in an Automated World: Evidence from Loan Repayments
Authors: LAUDENBACH CHRISTINE , SIEGEL STEPHAN 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of personal, two‐way communication on the payment behavior of delinquent borrowers. Borrowers who speak with a randomly assigned bank agent are significantly more likely to successfully resolve the delinquency relative to borrowers who do not speak with a bank agent. Call characteristics related to the human touch of the call, such as the likeability of the agent's voice, significantly affect payment behavior. Borrowers who speak with a bank agent are also significantly less likely to become delinquent again. Our findings highlight the value of a human element in interactions between financial institutions and their customers.
LsKN1 and LsOFP6 synergistically regulate the bolting time by modulating the gibberellin pathway in lettuce
Authors: Qi Yetong , Shao Wei , Chen Haoyu , Ahmed Temoor , Zhao Xinhui , Wang Yong , Zhu Lei , Sun Shouru , Kuang Hanhui , An Guanghui 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Bolting time is an important agronomic trait in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Premature bolting significantly reduces crop quality and marketability. Here, we report map‐based cloning and characterization of a LsKN1 gene that controls bolting in lettuce.
A segregating population was developed by crossing a crisphead‐type cultivar with a stem‐type cultivar to genetically map and clone the LsKN1 gene. In the late‐bolting parent (crisphead), the LsKN1 was activated by a CACTA‐like transposon which was inserted into the first exon of LsKN1. Complementation test, overexpression, and CRISPR/cas9 knockout showed that the activated LsKN1 allele (LsKN1TP) delays bolting in lettuce.
ChIP‐seq and phytohormone analysis demonstrated that LsKN1 regulates gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and response. LsKN1TP binds to the promoter of the LsGA20ox1 and LsRGA1, and down‐ and upregulates their expression, respectively. Furthermore, LsRGA1 interacts with LsKN1TP to enhance the repression of GA biosynthesis. LsOFP6 acts as a safeguard, interacting with LsKN1TP to prevent excessive inhibition of GA biosynthesis and response during the vegetative‐to‐reproductive phase transition.
The LsKN1‐LsOFP6 module orchestrates the GA pathway to regulate bolting time in lettuce, which provides insight into the bolting development in lettuce and offers valuable genetic resources for breeding lettuce varieties resistant to premature bolting.
The dynamics of constituency representation on immigration policy in the U.S. house
Authors: Cayton Adam , Siemers Lena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examine how legislative representation and issue activism change as parties polarize on an issue by examining immigration politics in the U.S. House. Using an original data set of the policy positions in immigration bills from 1983 to 2014, an original coding of email newsletters from 2010 to 2020, and existing speech data, we show that increased partisan disagreement on immigration and the sorting of immigrants into the Democratic Party changed the way lawmakers represent their districts on that issue. Larger foreign‐born populations consistently have representatives who take pro‐immigration positions, but the effect has changed from a direct effect to one mediated by partisanship. Issue attention also became asymmetrical, with Democratic lawmakers who represent more immigrants being more active on immigration policy, but no such relationship for Republicans. This suggests that for Democrats, immigration is a distributive issue driven by geographically concentrated “policy demanders” but for Republicans, it is a partisan issue that is less connected to geography. These findings have implications for who and where new policy proposals come from.
Being good and doing good in behavioral policymaking
Authors: Mills Stuart 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLibertarian paternalism (LP) draws on behavioral economics to advocate for noncoercive, nonfiscal policy interventions to improve individual well‐being. However, growing criticism is encouraging behavioral policymaking—long dominated by LP approaches—to consider more structural and fiscally impactful interventions as valid responses to behavioral findings. Keynesian social philosophy allows behavioral policymaking to incorporate these new perspectives alongside existing LP approaches.
Changes in tillage characteristics of albic soil with various soil amendment materials
Authors: Chen Aihui , Wang Qiuju , Zhang Haibin , Liang Yucheng , Qi Zhongjun , Zhou Weiyan , Li Jingyang , Tu Huanyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo improve the crop yield of low‐yield Albic soil, the application of amendment materials has become a widely considered method. However, understanding how these materials impact the physical and mechanical properties of the soil for tillage purposes is an important area of research. This study aimed to examine the effects of fertilizers, straw, and biochar on the tillage characteristics of Albic soil. The focus was on analysing changes in soil consistency limits and cultivability in both the humic (Ap) layer and the Albic (Aw) layer, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the use of amendment materials significantly improved the consistency limits of Albic soil, enhanced its cultivability, and positively affected its tillage characteristics. These improvements were reflected in a decrease in the soil's plasticity index (PI) and an increase in the shrinkage index (FI). Among the three materials tested, biochar had the most notable impact on plasticity, with significant increases in the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL), while straw primarily influenced the swell‐shrink characteristics, leading to a significant decrease in the shrinkage limit (SL). The Aw layer was more significantly impacted by the amendment materials than the Ap layer. This was largely owing to the strong positive correlation between the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, soil maximum hygroscopicity (W), and LL and PL of the Ap layer, as well as their negative relationship with the PI. In contrast, the Aw layer was most influenced by organic matter content (OMC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). It is important to note that the addition of fertilizer or straw at concentrations above 6% by weight could lead to different changes in the tillage characteristics of Albic soil. This study provides valuable insights for agricultural practice, offering guidance on overcoming soil‐related challenges in tillage operations, and it also opens new possibilities for a comprehensive, multi‐faceted approach to soil management.
On quasimap invariants of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles
Authors: Nesterov Denis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We compute odd-degree genus 1 quasimap and Gromov–Witten invariants of moduli spaces of Higgs

${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_2}$

-bundles on a curve of genus

$g \geqslant 2$

. We also compute certain invariants for all prime ranks. This proves some parts of the author’s conjectures on quasimap invariants of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles. More generally, our methods provide a computation scheme for genus 1 quasimap and Gromov–Witten invariants in the case when degrees of maps are coprime to the rank. This requires an analysis of the localisation formula for certain Quot schemes parametrising higher-rank quotients on an elliptic curve. Invariants for degrees that are not coprime to the rank exhibit a very different structure for a reason that we explain.
KSB stability is automatic in codimension
$\boldsymbol{\geq 3}$
Authors: Kollár János , Kovács Sándor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
KSB stability holds at codimension

$1$

points trivially, and it is quite well understood at codimension

$2$

points because we have a complete classification of

$2$

-dimensional slc singularities. We show that it is automatic in codimension

$3$

.
Spatiotemporal analysis of lung immune dynamics in lethal
Coccidioides posadasii
infection
Authors: Davalos Oscar A. , Sebastian Aimy , Leon Nicole F. , Rangel Margarita V. , Miranda Nadia , Murugesh Deepa K. , Phillips Ashlee M. , Hoyer Katrina K. , Hum Nicholas R. , Loots Gabriela G. , Weilhammer Dina R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is a lung disease caused by inhalation of
Coccidioides
fungi, prevalent in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Annually, the United States reports 10,000–20,000 cases, although those numbers are expected to increase as climate change expands the fungal geographic range. While 60% of infections are asymptomatic, 40% symptomatic infections are often misdiagnosed due to similarities with bronchitis or pneumonia. A small subset of infection progress to severe illness, necessitating a better understanding of immune responses during lethal infection. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we characterized lung responses during
Coccidioides
infection. We identified monocyte-derived
Spp1
-expressing macrophages as potential mediators of tissue remodeling and fibrosis, marked by high expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory transcripts. These macrophages showed elevated TGF-β and IL-6 signaling, pathways involved in fibrosis pathogenesis. Additionally, we observed significant neutrophil infiltration and defective lymphocyte responses, indicating severe adaptive immunity dysregulation in lethal, acute infection. These findings enhance our understanding of
Coccidioides
infection and suggest new therapeutic targets.

IMPORTANCE

Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, is a lung disease caused by the inhalation of
Coccidioides
fungi, which is prevalent in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. With climate change potentially expanding the geographic range of this fungus, understanding the immune responses during severe infections is crucial. Our study used advanced techniques to analyze lung responses during
Coccidioides
infection, identifying specific immune cells that may contribute to tissue damage and fibrosis. These findings provide new insights into the disease mechanisms and suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention, which could improve outcomes for patients suffering from severe Valley fever.
Phenotypic and genomic changes in enteric
Klebsiella
populations during long-term ICU patient hospitalization: the role of RamR regulation
Authors: Langlois Benedicte , Guerin Francois , Isnard Christophe , Gakuba Clement , Du Cheyron Damien , Giard Jean-Christophe , Brisse Sylvain , Le Hello Simon , Gravey Francois 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Acquired antimicrobial resistance and metabolic changes are central for bacterial host adaptation during the long-term hospitalization of patients. We aimed to analyze the genomic and phenotypic evolution of enteric
Klebsiella
populations in long-term intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Weekly rectal swabs were prospectively collected from all patients admitted to the ICU in a teaching hospital from December 2018 to February 2019. The inclusion criterion for patients was hospitalization for more than 15 days in the ICU without any history of hospitalization or antibiotic treatment for the 3 months prior to admission. Among them, enteric
Klebsiella pneumoniae
species complex (KpSC) populations were detected. For each isolate, extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method, and the whole genome was sequenced using an Illumina platform.
In silico
typing methods, such as Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), core-genome MLST, SNP typing, resistome characterization and mutation point detection, were applied. During the study period, 471 patients were admitted to ICUs. Among them, 21 patients met the inclusion criteria, and only 5 patients (24%) carried unique and distinct KpSC populations during 2–10 weeks in the gut that as detected at admission and excluding acquisition during the ICU stay. One patient showed a rare ST1563
K. variicola
persistent carriage for 7 consecutive weeks, which displayed important antimicrobial resistance phenotype changes in the 2 last weeks. In-depth
in silico
characterization and RNA sequencing of these strains revealed a mutation within the
ramR
transcriptional regulator resulting in overexpression of the
ramA
regulator and decreased expression of
acrR
, which controls antibiotic efflux. This mutation also impacts tolerance to biliary salts. This study revealed the importance of endogenous colonization of KpSC populations in the gut throughout the patient’s long-term ICU stay and highlighted the role of
ramR
in drug susceptibility.

IMPORTANCE

The
Klebsiella pneumoniae
species complex (KpSC) is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care unit (ICUs). These bacteria are frequently highly resistant to antibiotics, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. The origins of multidrug-resistant KpSC strains isolated from ICU patients are still unclear, with at least two hypotheses of acquisition paths: (i) endogenous KpSC populations that are or became resistant to antibiotics and/or (ii) hospital acquisition of circulating KpSC clones. Genomic changes observed in this study might reveal mechanisms to better adapt to KpSC in the patient’s gut in the face of heavy ICU medical care pressure.
Quantifying synthetic bacterial community composition with flow cytometry: efficacy in mock communities and challenges in co-cultures
Authors: Mermans Fabian , Chatzigiannidou Ioanna , Teughels Wim , Boon Nico 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Determination of bacterial community composition in synthetic communities is critical for understanding microbial systems. The community composition is typically determined through bacterial plating or through PCR-based methods, which can be labor-intensive, expensive, or prone to bias. Simultaneously, flow cytometry has been suggested as a cheap and fast alternative. However, since the technique captures the phenotypic state of bacterial cells, accurate determination of community composition could be affected when bacteria are co-cultured. We investigated the performance of flow cytometry for quantifying oral synthetic communities and compared it to the performance of strain specific qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Therefore, axenic cultures, mock communities and co-cultures of oral bacteria were prepared. Random forest classifiers trained on flow cytometry data of axenic cultures were used to determine the composition of the synthetic communities, as well as strain specific qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Flow cytometry was shown to have a lower average root mean squared error and outperformed the PCR-based methods in even mock communities (flow cytometry: 0.11 ± 0.04; qPCR: 0.26 ± 0.09; amplicon sequencing: 0.15 ± 0.01). When bacteria were co-cultured, neither flow cytometry, strain-specific qPCR, nor 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing resulted in similar community composition. Performance of flow cytometry was decreased compared with mock communities due to changing phenotypes. Finally, discrepancies between flow cytometry and strain-specific qPCR were found. These findings highlight the challenges ahead for quantifying community composition in co-cultures by flow cytometry.

IMPORTANCE
Quantification of bacterial composition in synthetic communities is crucial for understanding and steering microbial interactions. Traditional approaches like plating, strain-specific qPCR, and amplicon sequencing are often labor-intensive and expensive and limit high-throughput experiments. Recently, flow cytometry has been suggested as a swift and cheap alternative for quantifying communities and has been successfully demonstrated on simple bacterial mock communities. However, since flow cytometry measures the phenotypic state of cells, measurements can be affected by differing phenotypes. Especially, changing phenotypes resulting from co-culturing bacteria can have a profound effect on the applicability of the technique in this context. This research illustrates the feasibility and challenges of flow cytometry for the determination of community structure in synthetic mock communities and co-cultures.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
bacteremia in adult patients with hematological diseases: clinical characteristics and risk factors for 28-day mortality
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Lin Qingsong , Li Jia , Feng Xiaomeng , Zhen Sisi , Mi Yingchang , Zheng Yizhou , Zhang Fengkui , Xiao Zhijian , Jiang Erlie , Han Mingzhe , Wang Jianxiang , Feng Sizhou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Patients with hematological diseases are at high risk for
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
(SM) bacteremia. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and risk factors for 28-day mortality among 140 adult hematological patients diagnosed with SM bacteremia from January 2012 to July 2023. he overall 28-day mortality was 31.43% (44/140), with a median age of 44 years. The median hospital stay before SM bacteremia onset was 25 days, and 69.29% of patients had unresolved neutropenia. All patients had received broad-spectrum antibiotics in the past month, and 69.29% developed breakthrough bacteremia during carbapenem therapy. Independent risk factors for mortality included a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥5, tigecycline exposure, age ≥60, and pulmonary infection. Patients with ≥2 risk factors were stratified into the high-risk group, with a significantly higher 28-day mortality compared with the low-risk group (56.52% vs 7.04%,
P
< 0.001). Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (
P
= 0.008) or TMP/SMX combined with cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL) (
P
= 0.005) was associated with survival benefits among high-risk patients. Overall, SM bacteremia usually occurs in hematological patients with prolonged hospitalization, unresolved neutropenia, and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially carbapenems. Patients with high SOFA scores, advanced age, pulmonary infection, or recent tigecycline exposure are at higher risk of mortality. The preferred treatment is TMP/SMX rather than fluoroquinolones, with combination therapy of TMP/SMX and CSL considered a feasible treatment option.

IMPORTANCE
This study, representing the largest cohort of adult hematological patients with SM bacteremia to date, strengthens the validity of existing findings and provides new insights into its clinical management. We identify risk factors for 28-day mortality, revealing that patients with two or more risk factors experience particularly high mortality rates. This highlights the importance of early identification and targeted management of high-risk individuals. Our findings also demonstrate that TMP/SMX is superior to fluoroquinolones and suggest that combining TMP/SMX with CSL may offer additional survival benefits.