bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of striatal morphology in gambling disorder and at-risk gambling
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Isobe Masanori , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe clinical phenotype of gambling disorder (GD) is suggestive of changes in brain regions involved in reward and impulse suppression, notably the striatum. Studies have yet to characterize striatal morphology (shape) in GD and whether this may be a vulnerability marker.AimsTo characterize the morphology of the striatum in those with disordered gambling (at-risk gambling and GD) versus controls.MethodIndividuals aged 18–29 years were classified a priori into those with some degree of GD symptoms (at-risk gambling and GD) or controls. Exclusion criteria were a current mental disorder (apart from GD), history of brain injury, or taking psychoactive medication within 6 weeks of enrollment. History of any substance use disorder was exclusionary. Participants completed an impulsivity questionnaire and structural brain scan. Group differences in volumes and morphology were characterized in subcortical regions of interest, focusing on the striatum.ResultsThirty-two people with GD symptoms (14 at-risk and 18 GD participants) and 22 controls completed the study. GD symptoms were significantly associated with higher impulsivity and morphological alterations in the bilateral pallidum and left putamen. Localized contraction in the right pallidum strongly correlated with trait impulsivity in those with GD symptoms.ConclusionsMorphologic abnormalities of the striatum appear to exist early in the disease trajectory from subsyndromal gambling to GD and thus constitute candidate biological vulnerability markers, which may reflect differences in brain development associated with trait impulsivity. Striatal morphology and associated impulsivity might predispose to a range of problematic repetitive behaviors.
Learning about Digital Trade: Privacy and E-Commerce in CETA and TPP
Authors: WOLFE ROBERT 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is a truth universally acknowledged that every ambitious twenty-first century trade agreement is in want of a chapter on electronic commerce. One of the most politically sensitive and technically challenging issues is personal privacy, including cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, use and location of computing facilities, and personal information protection. States are learning to solve the problem of state responsibility for something that does not respect their borders while still allowing twenty-first century commerce to develop. A comparison of the Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) allows us to see the evolution of the issues thought necessary for an e-commerce chapter, since both include Canada, and to see the differing priorities of the US and the EU, since they are each signatory to one of the agreements, but not of the other. I conclude by seeking generalizations about why we see a mix of aspirational and obligatory provisions in free trade agreements. I suggest that the reasons are that governments are learning how to work with each other in a new domain, and learning about the trade implications of these issues.
Composted manure and straw amendments in wheat of a rice–wheat rotation system alter weed richness and abundance
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Sun Yicheng , Li Yong , Sun Guojun , Yuan Fang , Han Min , Duan Yunhui , Ji Zhong , Zhu Rongsong , Shen Jiahe , Ran Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation system, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization regimens (no fertilization, replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, chemical fertilizer only, and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer) on the weed communities and wheat yields after 4 and 5 yr. The impact of the long-term recurrent fertilization regimen initiated in 2010 on the composition and diversity of weed communities and the impact of the components and total amount of fertilizer on wheat yields were assessed in 2014 and 2015. Totals of 19 and 16 weed species were identified in experimental wheat fields in 2014 and 2015, respectively, but the occurrence of weed species varied according to the fertilization regimen. American sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald], water starwort [Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench], and lyrate hemistepta (Hemistepta lyrataBunge.) were adapted to all fertilization treatments and were the dominant weed species in the experimental wheat fields. The greatest number of weed species were observed under the no-fertilization treatment, in which 40% of the weed community was composed of broadleaf weeds and the lowest wheat yields were obtained. With fertilizer application, the number of weed species was reduced, the height of weeds increased significantly, the density of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced, the biodiversity indices of weed communities decreased significantly, and higher wheat yields were obtained. Only the chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure treatment and the chemical fertilizer–only treatment increased the density of grassy weeds and the total weed community density. The treatment with chemical fertilizer only also resulted in the highest density ofB. syzigachne. Rice straw return combined with chemical fertilizer yielded the lowest total weed density, which suggests that it inhibited occurrence of weeds. The different fertilizer regimens not only affected the weed species composition, distribution, and diversity, but also the weed density. Our study provides new information from a rice–wheat rotation system on the relationship between soil amendments and agricultural weed infestation.
Reply to Comment on “Nucleation of Mesospheric Cloud Particles: Sensitivities and Limits”
Authors: Wilms H. , Rapp M. , Kirsch A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA comment by Megner (2019; M19) aims at resolving the discrepancies between the results of Megner (2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.08.006; M11) and Wilms et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021764; WRK16). M11 concluded that the observable properties of noctilucent clouds are close to insensitive to the concentration of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs), whereas WRK16 concluded that there is a sensitivity. M19 argues that the differences arise due to the different ranges of MSP number densities, which were analyzed in the two studies. Additionally, M19 claims that both studies show a limited sensitivity when the number density of condensation nuclei is 100 cm−3 or more. However, this is not confirmed in our simulations. We show that the range of MSP number densities in WRK16 is similar to the range considered by M11. In this range, the simulations of WRK16 are highly sensitive to the number of MSPs: Observable properties such as ice column mass are linearly related to the number of available condensation nuclei. We explain the different sensitivities by different vertical wind amplitudes. Our results suggest that the relative contribution of vertical wind and vertical diffusion to the vertical transport of mesospheric ice particles is the decisive factor. If vertical diffusion dominates, as in M11, there is only limited sensitivity. If vertical wind dominates, as in WRK16, noctilucent cloud properties are directly coupled to the nucleation conditions.
Modeling Splitting and Spalling of Columnar Ice Compressed Biaxially: The Role of Crack Nucleation
Authors: Kolari Kari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColumnar ice exhibits three failure modes under increasing lateral confinement across the columns: splitting, Coulombic shear faulting, and spalling. Modeling of the splitting‐to‐spalling transition under increasing confined compression is considered here. Shear faulting is not considered. A three‐dimensional crack nucleation model, based on a grain boundary sliding approach, is formulated to model brittle failure mechanisms under biaxial compression along and across the columns. The growth of the nucleated crack is based on the wing crack approach. The numerical results were in good agreement with experimental data for both across‐column and along‐column biaxial compression. The model shows that in columnar ice, crack nucleation preceded by sliding along tapered grain boundaries induces splitting‐to‐spalling transition under increasing confinement.
Reforecasting the Flooding of Florence of 4 November 1966 With Global and Regional Ensembles
Authors: Capecchi Valerio , Buizza Roberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProviding skilful predictions of high‐impact weather up to 2 weeks ahead is on the agenda of international weather centers. Evaluating the capabilities of current numerical systems in predicting past events can bring extremely valuable contributions to the assessment of the information content available today with operational models. In the framework of the activities for the fiftieth anniversary of the extreme precipitation event that occurred in Italy in November 1966, this paper investigates its predictability using state‐of‐the‐art global and regional ensemble simulations. The first goal is to assess if and how many days in advance, this event can be predicted by current European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global ensembles. A second goal is to evaluate the potential added value of running nested higher‐resolution and convection‐permitting ensembles. It is shown that ECMWF ensembles are able to provide valuable information up to 3 days before the event. Within this forecast range, convection‐permitting simulations can provide more accurate estimations of precipitation maxima. However, the results indicate also a strong underestimation of rainfall amounts with both global and regional models even at short forecast range. To partially explain this shortcoming, we discuss how the scarcity of observations available in 1966 for the analysis process limits the quality of the ensemble initial conditions and we adopt a method to obtain more reliable ensemble forecasts. The paper concludes with a comparison with previous similar works; results indicate a gain in predictability of up to 12 hr with respect to numerical revisitations performed to mark the fortieth anniversary of the event.
Lack of association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism and osteoarthritis susceptibility: a meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Bin Jie , Ou Yang-chao , Zhu Li-xin , Lu Ji-ping 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background. A relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-1607 (rs1799750) gene polymorphism and osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility was reported in the Bioscience Reports journal; however, these results were inconsistent. To evaluate the specific relationship, we used a meta-analysis study to clarify the controversy. Methods. The relevant articles were retrieved on 20 October 2018 from PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Ebase (Ovid), and Google Scholar. The number of alleles and genotypes for MMP-1 was obtained. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between MMP-1-1607 (rs1799750) 1G/2G promoter polymorphism and OA, while the Egger’s test was used to assess heterogeneity among studies and publication bias. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Results. A total of six case–control studies covering 1133 cases and 1119 controls were included in the final meta-analysis. There was no significant association between MMP-1-1607 1G/2G promoter polymorphism and OA in all genetic models (2G versus 1G: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.78–1.60; 1G/2G versus 1G/1G: OR  = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.32–1.67; 2G/2G versus 1G/1G: OR  =  1.31, 95% CI = 0.57–2.98; the recessive model: OR  =  1.23, 95% CI = 0.63-2.41; and the dominant model: OR  =  1.25, 95% CI = 0.79–1.97). We obtained similar results for the subgroup analysis using ethnicity and type of disease. Conclusion. We systematically investigated the association between MMP-1-1607 (rs1799750) 1G/2G polymorphism and OA susceptibility; however, the results show no correlation.
LncRNA FBXL19-AS1 promotes breast cancer cells proliferation and invasion via acting as a molecular sponge to miR-718
Authors: Ding Zhenmin , Ye Pengcheng , Yang Xiaohu , Cai Hongmiao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to serve vital roles in tumor initiation and progression. However, the expression and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In the present study, we found that FBXL19-AS1 expression was significantly up-regulated and correlated with advanced clinical features and poor overall survival of BC patients. Functionally, FBXL19-AS1 inhibition suppressed BC cells proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we found that FBXL19-AS1 might function as a ceRNA to sponge miR-718, and miR-718 could rescue the effects of FBXL19-AS1 on BC cells progression. Therefore, these findings suggested that FBXL19-AS1 might serve as an oncogenic lncRNA and promoted BC progression by sponging miR-718, indicating FBXL19-AS1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
The function of histone acetylation in cervical cancer development
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Chang Weiqin , Jin Yuemei , Feng Chunyang , Wu Shuying , He Jiaxing , Xu Tianmin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. It is well known that cervical cancer is closely related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, epigenetics has increasingly been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels based on non-gene sequence changes, primarily through transcription or translation of genes regulation, thus affecting its function and characteristics. Typical post-translational modifications (PTMs) include acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation and succinylation, among which the acetylation modification of lysine sites has been studied more clearly so far. The acetylation modification of lysine residues in proteins is involved in many aspects of cellular life activities, including carbon metabolism, transcriptional regulation, amino acid metabolism and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on cervical cancer development arising from the aspect of acetylation, especially histone acetylation.
Amorphous Mg–Fe silicates from microwave-dried sol–gels
Authors: Thompson S. P. , Herlihy A. , Murray C. A. , Baker A. R. , Day S. J. , Smith A. J. , Snow T. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Laboratory analogues can provide physical constraints to the interpretation of astronomical observations of cosmic dust but clearly do not experience the same formation conditions. To distinguish between properties intrinsic to the material and properties imprinted by their means of formation requires extensive characterisation.Aims. Sol–gel methods can produce amorphous silicates with potentially high reproducibility, but often require long drying times (24+ h) at elevated temperatures in air, controlled atmosphere, or vacuum. We investigate the possibility that microwave drying can be used to form amorphous silicate on a timescale of ∼10 min and characterise their structural and spectroscopic properties relative to silicates produced by other drying methods.Methods. Microwave-dried amorphous MgSiO3, Fe0.1Mg0.9SiO3and Mg2SiO4are characterised using X-ray powder diffraction, total X-ray scattering, small angle X-ray scattering and mid-IR FTIR spectroscopy, and compared to samples produced from the same gels but dried in-air and under vacuum. The development of crystalline structure in the microwave-dried silicates via thermal annealing up to 999°C is also investigated using in situ X-ray powder diffraction.Results. At the inter-atomic level the silicate structures are largely independent of drying method, however larger-scale structured domains, ranging from a ∼few × 10 Å to ∼100’s Å in size, are observed. These are ordered as mass fractals with discernible variation caused by the drying processes. The mid-IR 10μm band profile is also found to be influenced by the drying process, likely due to the way removal of water and bonded OH influences the distribution of tetrahedral species. However, microwave drying also allows Fe to be easily incorporated into the silicate structure. In situ annealing shows that for amorphous MgSiO3crystalline forsterite, enstatite and cristobalite are high temperature phases, while for Mg2SiO4forsterite crystallises at lower temperatures followed by cristobalite at high temperature. For Fe0.1Mg0.9SiO3the crystallisation temperature is significantly increased and only forsterite is observed. Crystalline SiO2may be diagnostic of Mg-rich, Fe-poor grain mineralogies. The results are discussed in relation to the different thermal conditions required for dust to crystallise within protoplanetary disk lifetimes.Conclusions. Sol–gel microwave drying provides a fast and easy method of producing amorphous Mg- and Fe,Mg-silicates of both pyroxene and olivine compositions. Their structure and spectroscopic characteristics although similar to silicates produced using other drying methods, exhibit subtle variations which are particularly manifest spectroscopically in the mid-IR, and structurally over medium- and long-range length scales.
Radius' Giant Cell Tumor: Allograft with Conservation of Distal Radioulnar Joint
Authors: Ruatti S. , Boudissa M. , Grobost P. , Kerschbaumer G. , Tonetti J. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose Giant cell tumor of the distal radius are frequent lesions, and different types of surgeries have been described. Functional results, after conservative treatment or arthrodesis, often find a decreased strength and range of motion. The sacrifice of the distal radioulnar joint could be one of the causes. We report the case of a 26-year-old patient who presented with a Campanacci Grade III giant cell tumor of the distal radius. We managed his case by the association of en bloc resection and allograft reconstruction with the preservation of distal radioulnar joint.
Hypothesis This procedure could improve functional results, without increasing the risk of recurrence at 2 years follow-up.
Case Report The originality of our technique was the possibility of distal radioulnar joint conservation. We preserved a long portion of cortex bone all through the ulnar side of the distal radius. We then used an allograft of distal radius, fixed by a reconstruction anatomical plate.
Results At 2 years follow-up, the range of motion was 100° with 60° of palmar flexion, 40° of extension, 75° of pronation, and 70° of supination. Radial and ulnar inclination were 10 and 15°, respectively. MTS (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score) 1993 was 88% and DASH score was 6. Concerning grip strength, it was measured at 85% in comparison with the other side. Pronation and supination strengths were 80 and 73%, respectively, in comparison with the other side. At follow-up, standard X-rays showed no recurrence. The allograft was well integrated.
Conclusion Conservative treatment of the distal radioulnar joint allowed an almost ad integrum recovery, concerning strengths and range of motion. It allows a better functional recovery, without increasing the risk of recurrence.
Probing photodissociation dynamics using ring polymer molecular dynamics
Authors: Kaur Rajwant , Welsch Ralph 
Published: March 2019

The performance of the ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) approach to simulate typical photodissociation processes is assessed. The correct description of photodissociation requires the calculation of correlation functions or expectation values associated with non-equilibrium initial conditions, which was shown to be possible with RPMD very recently [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 204118 (2016)]. This approach is combined with treatment of the nonadiabatic dynamics employing the ring polymer surface hopping approach (RPSH), which is based on Tully’s fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach. The performance is tested using one-dimensional photodissociation models. It is found that RPSH with non-equilibrium initial conditions can well reproduce the time-dependent dissociation probability, and adiabatic and diabatic populations for cases where the crossing point is below and above the Franck-Condon point, respectively, while standard FSSH fails to reproduce the exact quantum dynamics in the latter case. Thus, it is shown that RPSH is an efficient and accurate alternative to standard FSSH, which is one of the most widely employed approaches to study photochemistry.
The authors of the article agree to the retraction of the article effective 3 December 2021.
Screening and Brief Intervention with Adolescents with Risky Alcohol Use in School-Based Health Centers: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Check Yourself Tool
Authors: McCarty Carolyn A. , Gersh Elon , Katzman Katherine , Lee Christine M. , Sucato Gina S. , Richardson Laura P. 
Published: March 2019

Background This study aimed to compare care delivery and alcohol and marijuana use for adolescents with risky alcohol use who received a school-based health center (SBHC) visit with and without the Check Yourself tool, an electronic tool that gives motivational feedback on substance use and summarizes results for providers. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 148 adolescents aged 13–18 who met criteria for moderate- to high- risk alcohol use, recruited from urban SBHCs. Participants were randomized to receive their SBHC visit with ( n = 73) or without ( n = 75) the Check Yourself screening and feedback tool. All SBHC providers received a brief training on motivational interviewing. Results Adolescents who received the Check Yourself tool + SBHC visit reported higher levels of alcohol (67%) and marijuana (73%) counseling from the provider during their visit, compared with those who received a SBHC visit without the tool (40% and 45%, respectively, Ps < .005), and had higher motivation to decrease marijuana use relative to those who did not ( P = .02). Relative to baseline, adolescents in both groups reduced their typical number of drinks of alcohol, maximum number of drinks of alcohol, and hours high on marijuana over time ( Ps < .02) at 2-month follow-up. Conclusion When adolescent patients are given an electronic screening and feedback tool, it can prompt providers to increase counseling of adolescents with substance use risk. Overall, participants who had a visit with a trained provider reported high satisfaction with care and decreased the amount of alcohol use over 2 months, suggesting that SBHCs are an excellent venue for delivery of brief substance use interventions.