bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-emergence and Spread of Norovirus Genotype Gii.17 Variant C in 2021-2023
Authors: N.V. Epifanova , S.V. Oparina , O.V. Morozova , T.A. Sashina , A.E. Alekseeva , N.A. Novikova 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and is characterized by significant genetic diversity. In this study, based on phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequences of noroviruses circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2014–2023, as well as those retrieved from the GenBank database, the return to active circulation of the C variant of the GII.17[P17] genotype, displaced in 2015–2016 by the D variant, is shown. A new subvariant C2, different from the C1 subvariant circulating in the middle of the last decade, was identified. Amino acid substitutions characteristic of C2 were found in the main structural protein VP1, bringing it closer to the Tokyo_JP_1976 strain identified in the 1970s. It was established that the C2 subvariant circulated in 2021–2023 in European and American countries and caused outbreaks of norovirus infection. The data obtained indicate that the evolution of the phylogenetic lineage represented by the C variant of the GII.17 genotype has been continuing in the last decade and has the character of convergence with the ancestral strain, and for four years (2017–2020) these processes were latent.
Modern Ransomware Detection Using Adaptive Flexible Temporal Feature Integration
Authors: Morganti Roberto , Thompson Julian , Jackson Sebastian , Roberts Daniel , Anderson Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The evolution of ransomware attacks, with increasingly complex evasion tactics and multi-stage infection processes, poses severe challenges for traditional cybersecurity defenses that often rely on static, signature-based detection methods. Introducing a novel approach, Adaptive Temporal Feature Integration (ATFI) leverages temporal dynamics to distinguish ransomware activities from legitimate system operations, capturing critical behavioral transitions indicative of ransomware stages. Through adaptive learning mechanisms and the integration of machine learning techniques, including recurrent neural networks and support vector machines, the ATFI model dynamically adjusts feature importance based on temporal patterns, achieving superior detection accuracy and reducing false positives. Empirical findings indicate that ATFI demonstrates high precision and recall across diverse ransomware strains, establishing its robustness and scalability within various enterprise environments. Comparative analyses reveal that ATFI outperforms conventional models by successfully identifying evolving ransomware behaviors, confirming its practical relevance in modern cybersecurity frameworks. The resource-efficient design and scalability of ATFI demonstrate its viability for real-time deployment, making it an advanced tool in protecting digital infrastructures against ransomware threats.
Sleep quality and its associated factors among university students in Malawi
Authors: Mzumara Thokozani , Banda Owen , Munthali George , Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Saka Agness , Kamata Chisomo , Nambala cecilia , Mbughi Mlotha , Lubanga Adriano Focus , Mwakilama Elias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Mental, physical, and social well-being have an impact on sleep quality. University students are vulnerable to sleep problems due to academic pressure coupled with psychosocial problems.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and identify its associated factors among university students in Malawi.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from 984 students across 13 academic institutions (private and public) in Malawi. A standardized questionnaire was administered via Google Forms, assessing demographic sleep quality and its associated factor variables. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore and examine possible associations between poor sleep quality and various demographic factors.
Results
The study revealed that 28.9% of students experienced poor sleep quality. Gender (p=0.039) and suicidal thoughts (p<0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep. The results of regression analysis showed that, suicidal thoughts significantly influence bad sleep (p<0.001). However, sleep quality was not significantly influenced by age, year of study, level of study, and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that mental health concerns, particularly suicidal thoughts, are strongly linked to poor sleep quality among university students in Malawi. The results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address sleep-related issues and promote mental well-being among students.
Identifying the primary drivers of soil erosion through machine learning: A comparative analysis of three algorithms
Authors: Jarbais Goldi , Harshavardhanan Pon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Machine learning is revolutionizing various fields by enabling sophisticated and efficient complex data analysis. This study leverages machine learning algorithms to address the critical issue of soil erosion in Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil erosion significantly impacts soil fertility, vital for the country's agricultural sustainability and economic stability. Effective soil erosion mitigation requires a detailed understanding of its contributing factors, which vary across different regions. In this research, we analyzed 15 factors influencing soil erosion using three machine learning algorithms: multiple linear regression, AdaBoost regression, and gradient boosting regression. Our findings revealed that slope is the most significant factor contributing to soil erosion. Among the algorithms, multiple linear regression demonstrated superior performance, providing the most accurate predictions with the lowest error rate. By harnessing the power of machine learning, this study underscores a transformative approach to environmental analysis and offers actionable insights for mitigating soil erosion. These findings can inform more effective soil conservation strategies, ultimately supporting sustainable agricultural practices and economic resilience in India.
Novel dissolved oxygen distribution model of a full-scale aeration tank for a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region
Authors: Ukkonen Petri , Mulas M. , Mikola A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aeration is the most energy-intensive process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Seasonal variation in hydraulic flow and load has a significant effect on WWTP's aeration energy efficiency. High flow and temperature variations are common in cold climate regions, and with climate change increasing, extreme weather events will accentuate these situations. The prediction of oxygen mass transfer is crucial for minimizing the energy consumption of the aeration tank. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics model for a turbulent flow regime, simulating the hydraulics and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration distribution of two phases, water and air bubbles, in a full-scale, as-built activated sludge tank. Model validation error was less than 15%. Different seasonal flows and temperatures were investigated by fixing liquid side oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kL) to 0.7 × 10–5 m/s and initial bubble diameter (dB) to 0.0025 m in the gas phase. The results show that variating hydraulic flow causes noticeable differences in DO distribution and higher flow could be more effective levelling in DO gradients. More even DO distribution could result in using up to a 10% lower DO setpoint value, using 3% less air for the same treatment result, thus lowering aeration energy cost.
A comprehensive study on bisphenol A and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Roledo Cely , França Daniela Dayrell , dos Santos Feitosa Ingrid Ruanna , Quinaglia Gilson Alves , Montagner Cassiana Carolina , Roubicek Deborah Arnsdorff , dos Reis Adriano Gonçalves 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments have garnered significant attention due to their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Among these CECs, bisphenol A (BPA) is a major concern because of its widespread use and endocrine-disrupting properties. Brazil's urbanization and industrial growth have led to significant pollution challenges, primarily due to inadequate sewage infrastructure and untreated domestic wastewater being discharged into rivers, contributing to the presence of emerging contaminants in surface waters. This study assessed BPA contamination and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River in São Paulo State, Brazil. BPA was detected in 50% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 11.1 to 116.9 ng L−1. The estrogenic activity assay also showed positive results in 50% of the samples, ranging from 0.12 to 1.36 ng L−1 of estradiol-equivalent, indicating the presence of multiple compounds contributing to estrogenic effects. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to monitoring water quality. The water quality index (WQI) revealed compromised water quality at the studied sites, particularly during the rainy season. The correlation between the WQI, BPA, and estrogenic activity parameters suggests that endocrine-disrupting compounds significantly impact water quality, exacerbated by inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in China
Authors: Xu Bin , Xu Chunhua , Li Li , Wang Yuchao 
Published: November 2024

Background:
There is a relative lack of real-world data regarding the treatment of
advanced squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) with anlotinib.

Aims and Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining
anlotinib with ICIs for the treatment of advanced SqCLC.

Methods:
Sixty patients with advanced SqCLC from December, 2017 to December, 2022, were
retrospectively recruited in the final analysis. The overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs),
and short-term clinical effectiveness, including complete remission (CR), partial remission
(PR), stable disease (SD), and progression disease (PD) of the study populations, were observed.
Objective response rate (ORR) was defined as the combined percentage of CR and PR in all
patients. Disease control rate (DCR) was defined as the combined percentage of CR, PR, and
SD in all patients. Subgroups were classified based on age (<65 or ≥65), sex (female or male),
and the eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) score (0-1 or 1-2).

Results:
The median age of the study population was 65 years, and 41 (68.3%) of the participants
were male. ORR was 21.67%, and DCR was 83.33%. The median PFS and OS were 7.5
and 19.5 months, respectively. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated no significant
difference (P >0.05) in PFS and OS between different age groups, sex, and ECOG scores.
Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE, followed by immune pneumonia.

result:
The median age of the study population was 65 years, and 41 (68.3%) of the participants were male. ORR was 21.67%, and DCR was 83.33%. The median PFS and OS was 7.5 and 19.5 months, respectively. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that no significant difference (P >0.05) of PFS and OS was found between different age group, sex and ECOG score. Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE, followed by immune pneumonia.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib and
ICIs for advanced SqCLC.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma: An Integrated Analysis
Authors: Wang Qilong , Sun Nannan , Li Jianhao , Huang Fengxiang , Zhang Zhao 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly lethal malignancy. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) plays a crucial role in targeted therapies for lung cancer and in the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of LLPS in the progression and prognosis of LUAD remains insufficiently explored.

Methods:
This study employed a multi-step approach to identify LLPS prognosis-related genes in LUAD. First, differential analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, Random Survival Forest (RSF) method, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify five LLPS prognosis-related genes. Subsequently, LASSO Cox regression was performed to establish a prognostic score termed the LLPS-related prognosis score (LPRS). Comprehensive analyses were then conducted based on the LPRS, including survival analysis, clinical feature analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and tumor microenvironment assessment. The LPRS was integrated with additional clinicopathological factors to develop a prognostic nomogram for LUAD patients. Immunohistochemical validation was performed on clinical tissue samples to further validate the findings. Finally, the relationship between KRT6A, one of the identified genes, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations was investigated.

Results:
The LPRS was established using five LLPS-related genes: IGF2BP1, KRT6A, LDHA, PKP2, and PLK1. Higher LPRS was closely associated with poor survival outcomes, gender, progression-free survival (PFS), and advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, LPRS emerged as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. A nomogram integrating LPRS, TNM stage, and age demonstrated remarkable predictive accuracy for prognosis among patients with LUAD. LLPS likely influences LUAD prognosis through the activity of IGF2BP1, KRT6A, LDHA, PKP2, and PLK1. KRT6A exhibits significant upregulation in LUAD, particularly in patients with EGFR mutations.

Conclusion:
This study introduces a novel LPRS model that demonstrates high accuracy in pre-dicting the clinical prognosis of LUAD. Moreover, the findings suggest that KRT6A may play a critical role in the LLPS-mediated malignant progression of LUAD.
Sjögren’s Syndrome and Ankylosing Spondylitis Association: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Mehmli Takwa , Hannech Emna , Dhahri Rim , Mejri Islam , Affes Meriem , Gharsallah Imen 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Unlike restrictive pulmonary function and apical fibrobullous disease, diffuse
interstitial lung disease is scarce in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We present a
systematic review of the association between AS and SS. We also report a new case of SS revealed
by interstitial lung disease in AS patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.

Materials and methods:
The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline using the MEDLINE and SCOPUS
databases and included case reports and case series describing the association between AS
and SS.

Results:
There were sixty-three patients, including our case: 16 males and 47 females. The mean
age was 49.2 years. The mean SpA duration was 14.1 years. The mean delay between SpA and SS
was 12.8 years (0-27). SS was diagnosed after SpA in 62% of cases (n=39). It preceded SpA in
36.5% (n=23) and was concomitant with SpA in 1 case. All patients had sicca symptoms. MSGB
showed focal sialadenitis grade III or grade IV in the Chisholm classification in 20 patients. Anti-
nuclear antibody was positive in 75.8% of cases. Among them, anti-SSA and anti-SSB were positive
in 44.4% and 35.3% of cases. Except for our patient, no patient had interstitial lung disease.
SS extra glandular manifestations were reported in 12 cases.

Conclusion:
The occurrence of Sjögren’s syndrome is uncommon in patients with ankylosing
spondylitis. This association has been reported in the literature, suggesting a pathogenetic link between
these two diseases. This association should be considered in ankylosing spondylitis patients
with diffuse interstitial lung disease. Knowing this association is necessary for therapeutic adjustment.
Our study has some limitations. Publication bias was the major bias in our study. Indeed, we only
included case reports and case series describing the association between SpA and SS. We did not
search for unpublished work. Moreover, the follow-up was not specified in most included articles.
Amide Functionalized Novel Pyrrolo-pyrimidine Derivative as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Bandaru Praveen Kumar , Nidasanametla Satya Kameswara Rao , Shyamala Pulipaka 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The development of new therapies targeting crucial kinases involved in cancer progression
is a promising area of research. Pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives have emerged as potential candidates for
this purpose.

Objective:
This study aims to synthesize pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives (5a-5r), evaluate their molecular docking
against key kinases, and assess their anticancer activity.

Methods:
The synthesis involved a multi-step procedure starting with the cyclization of 6-amino-2-
methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one (1) to form 2-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol (2). This was
followed by chlorination to yield 4-chloro-2-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3) and nucleophilic
substitution to produce 2-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (4). The final derivatives
(5a-5r) were synthesized through amide bond formation with various carboxylic acids using DCC and
DMAP. Structural elucidation was confirmed via NMR, mass spectrometry, and HRMS. Molecular docking
studies were conducted against Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4
(CDK4). Anticancer activity was evaluated against MCF-7, SET-2, and HCT-116 cell lines.

Results:
Structural elucidation confirmed the successful synthesis of the derivatives. Molecular docking studies
revealed promising binding affinities for selected derivatives, particularly those with heterocyclic substitutions.
Anticancer activity evaluation showed diverse potency profiles, with several derivatives demonstrating IC50
values comparable to the reference drug, doxorubicin. Derivatives featuring nitro and heterocyclic moieties exhibited
significant anticancer activity.

Conclusion:
The synthesized pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives showed potential as lead compounds for further
development due to their promising binding affinities and significant anticancer activity, particularly those with
nitro and heterocyclic moieties.
Serum microRNA Biomarker Expression in HIV and TB: A Concise Overview
Authors: Kushwaha Shweta , Goel Anjana , Singh Ajay Vir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically MicroRNAs or miRNAs, are now under-stood to be essential regulators in the complex field of gene expression. By selectively bind-ing to certain mRNA targets, these tiny RNA molecules control the expression of genes., leading to mRNA degradation or translational repression. The discovery of miRNAs has sig-nificantly advanced biomedical research, particularly in elucidating the molecular mecha-nisms underlying various diseases and exploring innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent progress in miRNA research has provided insights into their biogenesis, functional roles, and potential clinical applications. Despite the absence of established methodologies for clinical implementation, miRNAs show great promise as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for a wide array of diseases. Their distinctive attributes, such as high specificity, sensitivity, and accessibility, position them as ideal candidates for biomarker development and targeted therapy. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of miRNA biology and functionality is crucial to fully harnessing their potential in medicine. Ongoing research efforts aim to un-ravel the intricate mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation and to develop novel approaches for utilizing miRNAs in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current knowledge on miRNAs, focusing on their bio-genesis, regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications. By synthesizing existing evidence and highlighting key research findings, this review aims to inspire further explora-tion into the diverse roles of miRNAs in health and disease. Ultimately, this endeavour could result in the development of innovative miRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
New Insights into Colorectal Cancer through the Lens of Precision Oncology and Personalized Medicine: Multi-Omics Helps Aging of Predisposed People
Authors: Bayat Amir , Sharafshah Alireza , Sefat Farshid , Rahimzadegan Milad , Raad Mohammad , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Recently, there has been a significant evolution in our understanding of
the molecular pathways causing the genesis and progression of cancer via the inter-individual
variations. Thus, one-size-fits-all methods for cancer treatment have been replaced by precision
oncology (PO) targeting individual cancer symptoms, offering increased effectiveness, and decreased
safety concerns and cost load.

Objective:
The identification of novel actionable indications, rapid, precise, and comprehensive
detection of complex phenotypes in every individual, pioneering clinical trial projects with enhanced
response feedback, and widespread availability of innovative targeted anticancer management
for every patient are vital for the effective implementation of next-generation precision
oncology. Additionally, the emergence of precision medicine has altered the perspective of oncologic
biomarkers, drug discovery, drug development, and, improvements for cancer patients.

Method:
This paper narratively reviewed to identify actionable abnormalities, Genomic profiling
of tumors employing clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) from both tumor tissues and
liquid biopsies along with the multi-omics strategies as the key component of PO.

Results:
Our increasing information on tumor biology, specifically microenvironment and heterogeneity-
associated data, would improve our understanding of the resistance of targeted drugs
and specific mechanisms of action, as well as help enhance existing metastatic colorectal cancer
(mCRC) treatment strategies.

Conclusion:
Collectively, this paper indicated the current and innovative strategies for prognosis,
diagnosis, and treatment of various cancer types based on PO overview with a groundbreaking
emphasis on CRC suggesting the integrations of multi-omics, highlighting Genomics, and
utilizing AL and ML algorithms with targeted therapies. Notably, these findings can help improve
the life-span and ageing of the predisposed people.