bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmonic interference suppression within a multiple‐antenna system using integrated slender magnetic metamaterials
Authors: Yang Pan , Wang Jia‐Fu , Han Ya‐Juan , Fan Ya , Li Yong‐Feng , Zhang Jie‐Qiu , Qu Shao‐Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a multiple‐antenna system, harmonics of lower‐frequency antennas will interfere with higher‐frequency antennas, especially when the latter operates around the harmonic frequencies of the former. In this communication, we propose to suppress harmonic interferences in multiple‐antenna systems using integrated magnetic metamaterials (MM). To this end, we firstly designed a slender MM suitable for integration. Interdigital capacitor is adopted to make the MM slender enough to accommodate itself within the narrow gap between antennas. When magnetic field lines thread through the MM, negative permeability can be achieved due to strong magnetic resonance, which will block harmonic magnetic fields of an antenna penetrating into its neighbors. As an example, we investigated a dual patch‐antenna system, where the smaller one operates at the second‐harmonic frequency of the larger one and the MM is integrated in the gap between them. By adjusting structural parameters, the second‐harmonic magnetic fields of the larger antenna are blocked from penetrating into the smaller antenna. In this way, harmonic interferences within the antenna system can be suppressed. A prototype, together with a reference sample, was fabricated and measured. Both the measured and simulated results verify that with the MM, the harmonic coupling is reduced down to below −20 dB even when the gap between the two antennas is only about 0.06λ. Compared with the reference sample, the harmonic coupling is reduced by more than 7 dB. This work provides an alternative method of reducing harmonic interferences within multiple‐antenna systems to enhance the electromagnetic compatibility.
Localization and measurement method of continuous casting slab model based on binocular vision
Authors: Fang Jianzhong , Xu Sixiang , Yang Yu , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the corner points of continuous casting slab model are not obvious, the traditional feature points detection methods cannot detect the effective feature points, so these methods cannot complete the localization and measurement of continuous casting slab model. A binocular vision localization and measurement method based on edges fitting was proposed. The acquired photos of continuous casting slab model were preprocessed including de‐distortion and stereo correction. And then the Canny operator and Zernike moment were used to detect the subpixel points of the model edges. These subpixel points that have been obtained were clustered and fitted, and the intersection points of fitting curves were calculated. Finally, using the fundamental matrix to match the intersection points, and the parallax information was obtained to locate the slab model. The experiment shows that the average measurement error of model is 1.31%, which can meet the precision requirements of production.
Ambulatory urodynamics in clinical practice: A single centre experience
Authors: Cantu Hector , Sharaf Ala'a , Bevan Wendy , Hassine Anna , Hashim Hashim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the additional value of ambulatory urodynamics (AUDS) monitoring in the management of patients with unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms.MethodsA retrospective review of the urodynamic data at a tertiary referral center between January 2006 and December 2018. During this period 12,123 urodynamic studies were conducted; 430 patients were arranged to have AUDS monitoring because their symptoms were not reproduced with either standard or video urodynamics (UDS).ResultsA total of 391 patients were included, (360 females, 31 males). Symptoms were reproduced in 74% of cases. The most common AUDS finding was detrusor overactivity with or without incontinence, followed by urodynamic stress incontinence. In 75.7% of the patients, the additional information from AUDS resulted in a change to patient management.ConclusionsAdditional UDS findings were made in the majority of patients who underwent AUDS. This helped in setting a new treatment plan for the bothersome urinary findings. AUDS monitoring is a useful additional diagnostic tool and can help to guide patient management where symptoms are not explained by standard or video UDS.
Analysis of distance‐based protein structure prediction by deep learning in CASP13
Authors: Xu Jinbo , Wang Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reports the CASP13 results of distance‐based contact prediction, threading, and folding methods implemented in three RaptorX servers, which are built upon the powerful deep convolutional residual neural network (ResNet) method initiated by us for contact prediction in CASP12. On the 32 CASP13 FM (free‐modeling) targets with a median multiple sequence alignment (MSA) depth of 36, RaptorX yielded the best contact prediction among 46 groups and almost the best 3D structure modeling among all server groups without time‐consuming conformation sampling. In particular, RaptorX achieved top L/5, L/2, and L long‐range contact precision of 70%, 58%, and 45%, respectively, and predicted correct folds (TMscore > 0.5) for 18 of 32 targets. Further, RaptorX predicted correct folds for all FM targets with >300 residues (T0950‐D1, T0969‐D1, and T1000‐D2) and generated the best 3D models for T0950‐D1 and T0969‐D1 among all groups. This CASP13 test confirms our previous findings: (a) predicted distance is more useful than contacts for both template‐based and free modeling; and (b) structure modeling may be improved by integrating template and coevolutionary information via deep learning. This paper will discuss progress we have made since CASP12, the strength and weakness of our methods, and why deep learning performed much better in CASP13.
Microwave‐assisted acid hydrolysis for whole‐bone proteomics and paleoproteomics
Authors: Colleary Caitlin , Little Nicole C. , Cleland Timothy P. 
Published: August 2019

RationaleWhole‐bone proteomic analyses rely on lengthy sample preparation including demineralization and digestion to break bone down into peptides to recover using mass spectrometry. However, microwave‐assisted acid hydrolysis, a technique used in proteomic analyses of other soft tissues and cells, will combine both demineralization and digestion and only take minutes.MethodsTo test microwave‐assisted hydrolysis on whole moose bone, we microwaved five concentrations of acetic and formic acids (15%, 12.5%, 10%, 7.5% and 5%) for three times (10, 20 and 30 min) at 140°C using an ETHOS UP high performance microwave digestion system. Peptides were injected and separated using Thermo BioBasic C18 columns and detected with an LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. We searched the raw data on PEAKS 8.5 against the white‐tailed deer database.ResultsFormic acid hydrolysis led to the most complete digestion, and therefore the highest number of peptide spectrum matches, more protein groups and better sequence coverage for collagenous proteins. However, for the formic acid samples there is a tradeoff with digestion completeness and a higher incidence of in vitro modifications (i.e. formylation) that are not induced using acetic acid. Acetic acid has greater cleavage specificity and higher sequence coverage for non‐collagenous proteins.ConclusionsDepending on the goals of analysis, there are benefits and drawbacks to using both acetic acid and formic acid. Overall, microwave‐assisted acid hydrolysis was successful in demineralizing and digesting bone fragments to considerably speed up the preparation for bottom‐up proteomics analysis.
The influence of sample matrix on the accuracy of nitrite N and O isotope ratio analyses with the azide method
Authors: Granger Julie , Boshers Danielle S. , Böhlke John K. , Yu Dan , Chen Nengwang , Tobias Craig R. 
Published: August 2019

RationaleThe isotope ratios of nitrogen (15N/14N) and oxygen (18O/16O) in nitrite (NO2−) can be measured by conversion of the nitrite into nitrous oxide (N2O) with azide, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of N2O by gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS). While applying this method to brackish samples, we noticed that the N and O isotope ratio measurements of NO2− are highly sensitive to sample salinity and to the pH at which samples are preserved.MethodsWe investigated the influence of sample salinity and sample preservation pH on the N and O isotope ratios of the N2O produced from the reaction of NO2− with azide. The N2O isotope ratios were measured by GC/IRMS.ResultsUnder the experimental reaction conditions, the conversion of NO2− into N2O was less complete in lower salinity solutions, resulting in respective N and O isotopic offsets of +2.5‰ and −14.0‰ compared with seawater solutions. Differences in salinity were also associated with differences in the fraction of O atoms exchanged between NO2− and water during the reaction. Similarly, aqueous NO2− samples preserved at elevated pH values resulted in the incomplete conversion of NO2− into N2O by azide, and consequent pH‐dependent isotopic offsets, as well as differences in the fraction of O atoms exchanged with water. The addition of sodium chloride to the reaction matrix of samples and standards largely mitigated salinity‐dependent isotopic offsets in the N2O product, and nearly homogenized the fraction of O atom exchange among samples of different salinity. A test of the hypobromite–azide method to measure N isotope ratios of ammonium by conversion into NO2− then N2O revealed no influence of sample salinity on the N isotope ratios of the N2O product.ConclusionsWe outline recommendations to mitigate potential matrix effects among samples and standards, to improve the accuracy of N and O isotope ratios in NO2− measured with the azide method.
Capillary-resident EphA7+ pericytes are multipotent cells with anti-ischemic effects through capillary formation
Authors: Yoshida Yuri , Kabara Maki , Kano Kohei , Horiuchi Kiwamu , Hayasaka Taiki , Tomita Yui , Takehara Naofumi , Minoshima Akiho , Aonuma Tatsuya , Maruyama Keisuke , Nakagawa Naoki , Azuma Nobuyoshi , Hasebe Naoyuki , Kawabe Jun-ichi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The presence of pericytes (PCs) with multipotency and broad distribution along capillary suggests that microvasculature plays a role not only as a duct for blood fluid transport but also as a stem cell niche that contributes to tissue maintenance and regeneration. The lack of an appropriate marker for multipotent PCs still limits our understanding of their pathophysiological roles. We identified the novel marker EphA7 to detect multipotent PCs using microarray analysis of an immortalized PC library. PCs were isolated from microvessels of mouse subcutaneous adipose tissues, then EphA7+ PCs called capillary stem cells (CapSCs) were separated from EphA7− control PCs (ctPCs) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting system. CapSCs had highly multipotency that enabled them to differentiate into mesenchymal and neuronal lineages compared with ctPCs. CapSCs also differentiated into endothelial cells and PCs to form capillary-like structures by themselves. Transplantation of CapSCs into ischemic tissues significantly improved blood flow recovery in hind limb ischemia mouse model due to vascular formation compared with that of ctPCs and adipose stromal cells. These data demonstrate that EphA7 identifies a subpopulation of multipotent PCs that have high angiogenesis and regenerative potency and are an attractive target for regenerative therapies.

Significance statement The present study characterizes the multipotency of pericyte populations isolated from mammalian capillaries using a novel genetic marker, EphA7. It is shown that this marker can be used to isolate living cells and that EphA7+ pericytes, termed capillary stem cells (CapSCs), have capillary formation by themselves and cross-germ layer plasticity to differentiate into mesenchymal and neuronal lineages, indicating its potential use in both disease models and regenerative therapies.
Gastropods from the Jurassic neptunian sills of Rocca Busambra (north‐western Sicily, Italy): Patellogastropoda, Pleurotomarioidea, Scissurelloidea, Fissurelloidea and Eucycloidea
Authors: Szabó János , Conti Maria Alessandra , Monari Stefano , Wendt Jobst 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe gastropods from Jurassic neptunian sills of Rocca Busambra (Sicily, Italy) represent an extraordinary assemblage for richness and extremely high degree of novelty, consisting of about 250 species (two‐thirds of which are new) of 20 superfamilies. A total of 38 species and 18 genera of Lottioidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Scissurelloidea, Fissurelloidea and Eucycloidea are described. Of these, 30 species and 9 genera are new, namely Ramusatomaria nuda gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria gattoi gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria nicolosiensis gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria? pallinii gen. et sp. nov., Trochotomaria conoidea sp. nov., Trochotomaria polymorpha sp. nov., Laevitomaria babalusciae sp. nov., Pyrgotrochus vorosi sp. nov., Auritoma lenticula gen. et sp. nov., Busambrella fasciata gen. et sp. nov., Emarginula (Emarginula) burgioi sp. nov., Emarginula (Tauschia) acutidens sp. nov., Propeucyclus sicanus gen. et sp. nov., Propeucyclus obesus gen. et sp. nov., Propeucyclus? semireticulatus gen. et sp. nov., Eucyclomphalus? marenostrum sp. nov., Toronyella lineata gen. et sp. nov., Toronyella margaritata gen. et sp. nov., Zarnglaffia polygonalis sp. nov., Zarnglaffia palermitana sp. nov., Ambercyclus cratisculptus sp. nov., Elymicyclus alternatus gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus ietumensis gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus martae gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus garibaldii gen. et sp. nov., Jurassiscala sturanii gen. et sp. nov., Jurassiscala? tenuiretis gen. et sp. nov., Fischeriella sicula sp. nov., Retimusina poseidoni gen. et sp. nov. and Retimusina? tritoni sp. nov. The new scissurelloidean family Auritomidae fam. nov. is erected. A palaeobiogeographical analysis indicates close relationships with coeval faunas from condensed pelagic carbonates of the central region of western Tethys.
Modular fluxes, elliptic genera, and weak gravity conjectures in four dimensions
Authors: Lee Seung-Joo , Lerche Wolfgang , Weigand Timo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyse the Weak Gravity Conjecture for chiral four-dimensional F-theory compactifications withN= 1 supersymmetry. Extending our previous work on nearly tensionless heterotic strings in six dimensions, we show that under certain assumptions a tower of asymptotically massless states arises in the limit of vanishing coupling of a U(1) gauge symmetry coupled to gravity. This tower contains super-extremal states whose charge-to-mass ratios are larger than those of certain extremal dilatonic Reissner-Nordström black holes, precisely as required by the Weak Gravity Conjecture. Unlike in six dimensions, the tower of super-extremal states does not always populate a charge sub-lattice.The main tool for our analysis is the elliptic genus of the emergent heterotic string in the chiralN= 1 supersymmetric effective theories. This also governs situations where the heterotic string is non-perturbative. We show how it can be computed in terms of BPS invariants on elliptic four-folds, by making use of various dualities and mirror symmetry. Compared to six dimensions, the geometry of the relevant elliptically fibered four-folds is substantially richer than that of the three-folds, and we classify the possibilities for obtaining critical, nearly tensionless heterotic strings. We find that the (quasi-)modular properties of the elliptic genus crucially depend on the choice of flux background. Our general results are illustrated in a detailed example.
Chern-Simons theory from M5-branes and calibrated M2-branes
Authors: Mezei Márk , Pufu Silviu S. , Wang Yifan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study a sector of the 5d maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory onS5consisting of 1/8-BPS Wilson loop operators contained within a greatS3insideS5. We conjecture that these observables are described by a 3d Chern Simons theory onS3, analytically continued to a pure imaginary Chern-Simons level. Therefore, the expectation values of these 5d Wilson loops compute knot invariants. We verify this conjecture in the weakly-coupled regime from explicit Feynman diagram computations. At strong coupling, these Wilson loop operators lift to 1/8-BPS surface operators in the 6d (2,0) theory onS1×S5. Using AdS/CFT, we show that these surface operators are dual to M2-branes subject to certain calibration conditions required in order to preserve supersymmetry. We compute the renormalized action of a large class of calibrated M2-branes and obtain a perfect match with the field theory prediction. Finally, we present a derivation of the 3d Chern-Simons theory from 5d super-Yang-Mills theory using supersymmetric localization, modulo a subtle issue that we discuss.
The Effect of Die Bearing Geometry on Surface Recrystallization During Extrusion of an Al-Mg-Si-Mn Alloy
Authors: Mahmoodkhani Y. , Chen J. , Wells M. A. , Poole W. J. , Parson N. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The formation of large surface grains known as peripheral coarse grains (PCG) is an undesirable feature commonly observed in extruded medium-strength Al-Mg-Si alloys produced for many applications including automotive. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to the formation of PCG layers, particularly the die bearing geometry, with the goal of developing strategies to eliminate or reduce this phenomenon. This was accomplished using a combination of extrusion trials and finite element method simulations to characterize the role of die bearing geometry on the formation of surface microstructure during the extrusion of an Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy. The extrusion trials were conducted using two die bearing geometries, (i) a zero bearing die and (ii) a choke die using an extrusion temperature of 480 °C and ram velocities of 20 to 30 mm/s. Axisymmetric extrusion was conducted with an extrusion ratio of 16.5. During the extrusion trials, partially extruded billets were extracted from the extrusion press and water quenched in order to follow the evolution of the surface microstructure for the different bearing geometries. In addition, ram motion was arrested in the middle of the extruded length, held for 5 seconds and then resumed to investigate the role of changing the deformation conditions of the surface on the extruded microstructure. Optical microscopy and electron back-scattered scanning diffraction (EBSD) were used to quantify the microstructure and crystallographic texture of the extrudates and partially extruded billets at different spatial locations. A finite element (FE) mathematical model using the commercial software package DEFORM 2D was also developed to simulate the extrusion process so that loads, temperatures, and material flow patterns could be predicted. The FE model was used to track material flow streamlines close to the surface. Specific locations along these streamlines were then selected for EBSD analysis on the partially extruded billets. The results indicate that the major factor affecting the formation of the PCG layer is the local stored energy of the near surface material which in turn is a function of the details of the die bearing geometry.
New Biharmonic Functions on the Compact Lie Groups $$\mathbf{SO}(n)$$, $$\mathbf{SU}(n)$$, $$\mathbf{Sp}(n)$$
Authors: Gudmundsson Sigmundur , Siffert Anna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe develop a new scheme for the construction of explicit complex-valued proper biharmonic functions on Riemannian Lie groups. We exploit this and manufacture many infinite series of uncountable families of new solutions on the special unitary group $$\mathbf{SU}(n)$$

SU
(
n
)

. We then show that the special orthogonal group $$\mathbf{SO}(n)$$

SO
(
n
)

and the quaternionic unitary group $$\mathbf{Sp}(n)$$

Sp
(
n
)

fall into the scheme. As a by-product we obtain new harmonic morphisms on these groups. All the constructed maps are defined on open and dense subsets of the corresponding spaces.
Spacelike Mean Curvature Flow
Authors: Lambert Ben , Lotay Jason D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prove long-time existence and convergence results for spacelike solutions to mean curvature flow in the pseudo-Euclidean space$$\mathbb {R}^{n,m}$$Rn,m, which are entire or defined on bounded domains and satisfying Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. As an application, we prove long-time existence and convergence of the$${{\,\mathrm{G}\,}}_2$$G2-Laplacian flow in cases related to coassociative fibrations.
Organic petrography, Rock–Eval pyrolysis and biomarker geochemistry of Maastrichtian Gombe Formation, Gongola Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh Ayoola Y. , Ojo Olusola J. , Akande Samuel O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Maastrichtian Gombe Formation is located within one of the inland basins of Nigeria (Gongola Basin). Surface and borehole samples of coal and interbedded shale of this formation were evaluated to determine the organic matter richness, quality, maturity, source and depositional environment through organic geochemical techniques such as total organic carbon (TOC) determination, Rock–Eval pyrolysis, chromatography and organic petrography. The genetic potential and average TOC value of the coals, shales and coaly shales are 38.03 wt%, 3.14 wt% and 12.1 wt%, respectively, indicating moderate-to-good source potential. HIs are less than 200 mgHC/gTOC for all the samples indicating Type III kerogen for most of the samples (gas prone) and plant contributions from terrestrial sources. The source rocks were characterized by high molecular weight n-alkanes which range from C10–C41 in the coals and C9–C41 in the shales. The n-alkanes distributions in the coals maximize at C29 indicating terrestrial sourced organic matter, while the shales maximize at C16 and C29 indicating mixed sources. Pr/Ph of the coals and shales ranges from (2.15–3.51) to (0.95–2.37), respectively, suggesting fluvio-deltaic deltaic and coastal swamp depositional environments. The predominance of pristane over phytane suggests humic origin of the organic matter. The sterane/hopane values (< 0.6) indicate incorporation of bacterial inputs commonly associated with terrigenous organic matter in the coals. The CPI is greater than unity, Tmax is generally < 435 °C and vitrinite reflectance less than 0.55 Ro for most of the samples and suggest the samples are of low maturity status to expel liquid hydrocarbon.
One-dimensional model of turbulent flow of non-Newtonian drilling mud in non-prismatic channels
Authors: Welahettige Prasanna , Lundberg Joachim , Bjerketvedt Dag , Lie Bernt , Vaagsaether Knut 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne-dimensional model of non-Newtonian turbulent flow in a non-prismatic channel is challenging due to the difficulty of accurately accounting for flow properties in the 1-D model. In this study, we model the 1-D Saint–Venant system of shallow water equations for water-based drilling mud (non-Newtonian) in open Venturi channels for steady and transient conditions. Numerically, the friction force acting on a fluid in a control volume can be subdivided, in the 1-D drilling mud modelling and shallow water equations, into two terms: external friction and internal friction. External friction is due to the wall boundary effect. Internal friction is due to the non-Newtonian viscous effect. The internal friction term can be modelled using pure non-Newtonian viscosity models, and the external friction term using Newtonian wall friction models. Experiments were carried out using a water-based drilling fluid in an open Venturi channel. Density, viscosity, flow depth, and flow rate were experimentally measured. The developed approach used to solve the 1-D non-Newtonian turbulence model in this study can be used for flow estimation in oil well return flow.