bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berecht kwetsbare verdachten a.u.b. alleen volwaardig
Authors: van der Wolf M.J.F. 
Published: May 2018

Berecht kwetsbare verdachten a.u.b. alleen volwaardig
Een bekende juridische publicist schreef onlangs dat alleen ‘volwaardige’ verdachten zouden moeten worden berecht door de Nederlandse rechter. Hij beschrijft dat de mogelijkheden die het Openbaar Ministerie ter beschikking staan om op grond van het opportuniteitsbeginsel en procesonbekwaamheid psychisch gestoorde verdachten buiten de strafrechter om te laten opnemen, zelden worden gebruikt. In dit artikel worden ontwikkelingen in juridische doctrine en wetgeving beschreven die zullen leiden tot meer aandacht voor kwetsbare verdachten. Daardoor zullen weliswaar meer kwetsbare verdachten het strafproces in geleid worden maar het betekent ook minder ingrijpende maatregelen om procesonbekwaamheid aan te pakken waarbij een belangenafweging plaatsvindt ten aanzien van het recht op een eerlijk proces. Niet de beklaagden moeten ‘volwaardig’ zijn, maar het proces, namelijk door procedurele waarborgen toe te passen die een eerlijk proces zullen opleveren.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Toxigenic Fusarium spp. and Deoxynivalenol Secretion in Some Grains
Authors: El-Naggar Medhat A , Alrajhi Aisha M , Fouda Moustafa M , Abdelkareem Eman M , Thabit Tamer M , Bouqellah Nahla A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important fungal mycotoxins excreted by different Fusarium species in many types of grains and food commodities. It has high damage impact on human and animal immune systems. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as an inhibitor for the DON toxin excreted from some Fusarium spp., which were isolated from barely, wheat, and corn grains. Methods: Ag-NPs were estimated on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, using levels of 5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, while the effect on DON was conducted with ELISA. Tri13 and Tri7 primers were used to evaluate the impact of Ag-NPs on the DNA of tested toxigenic Fusarium isolates. Results: Results revealed that the relative density values (Rd, %) of the isolated Fusarium from barley, wheat, and corn grains were 41.27, 26.47, and 30.76%, respectively. The predominant fungus was F. graminearum and F. culmorum in wheat and barley, respectively. The maximum inhibition diameters used for concentrations were 0.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.31 mm, respectively. The impact of Ag-NPs on genomic structure was limited. Results demonstrated that Ag-NPs have the ability to reduce the linear growth of Fusarium spp. and eliminate the DON toxin to 34.44, 34.60, and 34.89% at 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Conclusions: Ag-NPs are considered nontransgenic substances, and their impact on Fusarium DNA under tested concentrations has been neglected. Ag-NPs may work as an alternative to fungicides to reduce fungal growth and eliminate DON mycotoxins.
Performance Validation of the Microbiologique MicrofilmTM Test System for AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodSM Certification
Authors: Mai Tam L , Sung Shao-Lei , Shapovalova Anna , Janagama Harish K , Vuong Long , Friedrich Alex , Johnson Dylan , Nadala Lourdes M , Nguyen Van , Nadala Elpidio Cesar , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Microfilm™ Test System is intended for quantitative microbiology and consists of three types of Microfilms for aerobic plate count (Microfilm APC), total coliform and Escherichia coli count (Microfilm TCEc), and yeast and mold count (Microfilm YMC). This study evaluated the performance of the Microfilm Test System against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods on 20 food matrixes and 2 environmental surfaces. Ruggedness, robustness, and stability were also determined, while inclusivity and exclusivity studies were performed on Microfilm TCEc and YMC. An independent laboratory evaluated the performance on four food matrixes and one environmental surface. No significant differences and high correlation coefficients were observed between the Microfilm Test System and the corresponding ISO methods (ISO 4833-1:2013 for APC, ISO 4832:2006 for total coliform count, ISO 16649-2: 2001 for E. coli, and ISO 21527 Part 1 and Part 2 for YMC) in spiked food matrixes and environmental samples. These results were corroborated by the independent laboratory. Inclusivity and exclusivity studies for Microfilm TCEc showed expected results for all the E. coli strains tested (blue-violet or violet color), while the related coliforms showed the expected blue-green colonies on the Microfilm. Similarly, all 100 fungal strains tested showed typical growth on Microfilm YMC. Exclusivity testing on Microfilm TCEc and YMC showed no growth of nontarget organisms. Robustness and ruggedness studies showed no significant differences in mean difference counts at varying incubation temperatures and times. Stability studies on three lots of the Microfilm Test System showed that it is stable at 2–25°C for 12 months and at 45°C for 6 weeks.
Toward the Understanding of Micro-TLC Behavior of Various Dyes on Silica and Cellulose Stationary Phases Using A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Pereira Jorge C , Marques Jorge M C , Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Fenert Bożena , Zarzycki Paweł K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Planar chromatography and related techniques [micro-planar chromatography, micro-TLC, or paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs)] present several advantages in analytical applications, such as simplicity, low cost of analysis, and the ability to work with raw complex samples without the involvement of time-consuming prepurification steps. By using commonly applied planar chromatographic systems and μPADs devices, stationary phases (silica and cellulose based), different solvent mixtures (methanol–water and dichloromethane–methanol), and proportions varying from 0 to 100% (v/v), micro-TLC migration profiles of several dyes described in terms of characteristic of chromatographic parameters (retardation factor, peak base width, and asymmetry factor) were investigated. Combining these results with some quantum mechanics calculated properties for each solute (dipole moment, polarizability), and by using the data mining approach, we modeled this overall chromatographic behavior in order to describe experimental data. With this approach, we were able to predict with reasonable confidence some chromatographic properties. This effort its crucial in order to (1) optimize solute elution, (2) increase mixture resolution, and (3) identify some molecular properties of analytes for designing simple micro-TLC. It is hoped that the presented nonhypothesis-driven data-mining approach can be helpful for understanding the chromatographic behavior of dyes on silica and cellulose adsorbents using the simplest mobile phases. This should be helpful for further designing the micro-TLC separation systems or μPADs quantification devices based on cellulose and related biopolymers and considering dye compounds as analytes for separation and sensing molecules.
Où est le problème ? Diagnostics militants favorables à la légalisation du cannabis
Authors: Lemoine Marie-Philippe 
Published: May 2018

Cet article explore la diversité des discours militants favorables à la légalisation du cannabis au Canada. Dans les débats entourant une réforme de politique publique, la définition du problème constitue une étape cruciale. Nous présentons ici les cadrages diagnostiques sur lesquels différentes organisations canadiennes soutenant la légalisation du cannabis fondent leurs plaidoyers. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, douze organisations militantes s’entendant sur la nécessité de légaliser le cannabis ont été sélectionnées pour la variété de leurs positions. Une analyse de cadres a été appliquée à des sources documentaires et au contenu d’entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés entre octobre 2015 et mars 2016. Ces acteurs collectifs de la société civile émettent des constats variés quant à la nature du problème que pose le régime actuel ou que pourraient poser de « mauvais » modèles de légalisation. Nous avons identifié quatre principaux types de cadrages diagnostiques dans les discours des acteurs : 1) le diagnostic basé sur l’inefficacité ; 2) le diagnostic critique ; 3) le diagnostic d’injustice et 4) le diagnostic politique. Chaque cadrage influence bien sûr le type de réforme proposée par les acteurs. L’examen des diagnostics permet de saisir la complexité propre au débat sur la légalisation du cannabis.
Le(s) numéro(s) à instruments du film musical hollywoodien
Authors: Chabrol Marguerite 
Published: May 2018

Parmi ses multiples thèmes de numéros, le cinéma musical hollywoodien a attaché une importance particulière à ceux représentant des instruments et instrumentistes dans un acte de performance, au point d’en faire une attraction type, que cet article examine sous un double angle historique et esthétique. Ces numéros proviennent d’abord d’un positionnement de Hollywood par rapport à deux médias concurrents : le théâtre musical de Broadway et la radio. Ils permettent à l’industrie du cinéma de proposer un spectacle propre tout en bénéficiant de la circulation des musiciens. Ces numéros se construisent ensuite autour d’une poétique précise, relevant d’emprunts à des traditions iconographiques et d’un travail sur la musicalité visuelle. On peut ainsi mettre au jour des formes communes au-delà des styles de musique concernés : le jazz, le swing, les musiques latines ou classiques. Les numéros à instruments se présentent ainsi comme un des lieux essentiels du syncrétisme culturel pratiqué par le cinéma classique américain.
Muances de l’écoute. À propos de L’homme sans passé d’Aki Kaurismaki
Authors: Le Bihan Loig 
Published: May 2018

Au début de L’homme sans passé (Kaurismaki 2002), il est un plan « musicalisé » qui peut occasionner un étrange effet qu’on dira de monumentalisation. Afin de qualifier l’effet au plus juste, je proposerai d’abord un balisage systématique de différentes fonctions que la musique endosse régulièrement dans ce film « musical » – nommément des fonctions épique (au sens brechtien), pathétique et éthique (aux sens aristotéliciens). J’en viendrai enfin à la description de cette singulière « muance » dans mon écoute, occasionnée par ce plan monté à la toute fin d’une scène d’agression qui voit un pauvre homme, soudeur de métier, laissé pour mort. Une musique symphonique qui jusqu’ici émanait d’une petite radio portative acquiert soudainement l’ampleur d’une musique de fosse alors que l’image nous montre la lamentable dépouille négligemment recouverte de sa valise et de son masque. Donnée à entendre à pleine puissance la symphonie, alors, interfère avec l’image pour en constituer l’équivoque figurative.
IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels according to the periodontal status in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Mesquita Maria Fernanda , Bernardo Maria Alexandra , Casal Ester , Proença Luís , Mendes José João 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPeriodontitis is associated with increased concentration of inflammatory markers and saliva has been proposed as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid in oral and systemic diseases. The levels of salivary biomarkers, such as cytokines, could potentially be used to distinguish periodontal healthy individuals from subjects with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the salivary levels of two inflammatory biomarkers associated with periodontitis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in order to assess whether these cytokines salivary levels could potentially be used to complement periodontitis pregnant women diagnose.MethodsForty-four pregnant women were distributed into three groups, according to their periodontal status: healthy, mild/moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis. Unstimulated saliva was collected and analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 salivary levels were performed with Immulite®.ResultsWomen with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher levels (p = 0.001) of salivary IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the healthy group: 25.1 (±11.2) pg/mL vs. 16.3 (±5.0) pg/mL and 29.7 (±17.2) pg/mL vs. 16.2 (±7.6) pg/mL, approximately 1.5 and 1.8 times more, respectively. Additionally, cytokines were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in severe periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy pregnant women.ConclusionsThese results revealed that IL-6 and TNF-α salivary biomarkers provide high discriminatory capacity for distinguishing periodontal disease from periodontal health in pregnant women.
CULTURA VIVA NA AMAZONIDADE PARAENSE
Authors: Botelho Deize Almeida , Silva dos Santos Filho Alexandre 
Published: May 2018

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o Programa Cultura Viva e sua relação com o processo de desenvolvimento cultural de Marabá, sudeste do Pará. Tem como objetivo, examinar a experiência do Ponto de Cultura - Galpão de Artes de Marabá - GAM, palco de discussão, reflexão e práticas dos movimentos artísticos culturais num recorte de acontecimentos compreendidos no período de 2004 a 2011. Considera-se a dinâmica sociocultural e territorial advinda deste Ponto, bem como a diversidade cultural intercultural amazônica estabelecida pela difusão do GAM com outros Pontos. Apresenta a premissa teórica sobre Cultura no Plural em Certeau (2012), Poder Simbólico em Bourdieu (2012); Interculturalidade em Cool (2006) e Diversidade Cultural Amazônica em Loureiro (2005), resultando em contribuições críticas e reflexivas sobre o processo de desenvolvimento cultural local.
Palavra chaves: Cultura.Território. Diversidade. Interculturalidade.
Sleep Disturbance and Depression Symptoms Mediate Relationship Between Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction in Lupus
Authors: Lillis Teresa A. , Tirone Vanessa , Gandhi Nisarg , Weinberg Stacy , Nika Ailda , Sequeira Winston , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Block Joel A. , Jolly Meenakshi 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether sleep disturbance and symptoms of depression mediate the relationship between pain and cognitive dysfunction (CD) in a sample of 115 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA total of 115 patients with SLE completed questionnaires regarding pain, perceived stress, depression, sleep, and CD. Relationships among pain, sleep, depression, and CD were assessed using bootstrap mediation models, controlling for race/ethnicity, fibromyalgia diagnosis, current corticosteroid use, disease activity and damage, and perceived stress.ResultsMediation analyses indicated that the effect of pain on CD was mediated by sleep disturbance (β = 0.30) and depression symptoms (β = 0.33). These effects were maintained even after controlling for the aforementioned covariates, of which only disease activity (β = 0.20) and stress (β = 0.22) remained significantly linked to CD (overall model R2 = 0.53; all P < 0.05).ConclusionAfter controlling for disease activity and perceived stress, the relationship between pain and CD was explained by sleep disturbance and depression symptoms. Although these relationships need validation in longitudinal studies with additional measurement modalities, our findings may indicate promising, nonpharmacologic intervention avenues for SLE patients with pain and CD. Specifically, cognitive behavioral therapies for depression and sleep are known to reduce distress and enhance functioning across various psychosocial domains. Given the symptom burden of SLE, interventions that maximize potential benefits without the use of additional pharmacologic treatments may be of particular utility.
Synergistic Gating of Electro‐Iono‐Photoactive 2D Chalcogenide Neuristors: Coexistence of Hebbian and Homeostatic Synaptic Metaplasticity
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Liu Fucai , Chien Nguyen Anh , Kulkarni Mohit R. , Zhu Chao , Fu Qundong , Basu Arindam , Liu Zheng , Mathews Nripan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEmulation of brain‐like signal processing with thin‐film devices can lay the foundation for building artificially intelligent learning circuitry in future. Encompassing higher functionalities into single artificial neural elements will allow the development of robust neuromorphic circuitry emulating biological adaptation mechanisms with drastically lesser neural elements, mitigating strict process challenges and high circuit density requirements necessary to match the computational complexity of the human brain. Here, 2D transition metal di‐chalcogenide (MoS2) neuristors are designed to mimic intracellular ion endocytosis–exocytosis dynamics/neurotransmitter‐release in chemical synapses using three approaches: (i) electronic‐mode: a defect modulation approach where the traps at the semiconductor–dielectric interface are perturbed; (ii) ionotronic‐mode: where electronic responses are modulated via ionic gating; and (iii) photoactive‐mode: harnessing persistent photoconductivity or trap‐assisted slow recombination mechanisms. Exploiting a novel multigated architecture incorporating electrical and optical biases, this incarnation not only addresses different charge‐trapping probabilities to finely modulate the synaptic weights, but also amalgamates neuromodulation schemes to achieve “plasticity of plasticity–metaplasticity” via dynamic control of Hebbian spike‐time dependent plasticity and homeostatic regulation. Coexistence of such multiple forms of synaptic plasticity increases the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of artificial neuristors, enabling design of highly efficient novel neural architectures.
Fe Isolated Single Atoms on S, N Codoped Carbon by Copolymer Pyrolysis Strategy for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Qiheng , Chen Wenxing , Xiao Hai , Gong Yue , Li Zhi , Zheng Lirong , Zheng Xusheng , Yan Wensheng , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Shen Rongan , Fu Ninghua , Gu Lin , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chen Chen , Wang Dingsheng , Peng Qing , Li Jun , Li Yadong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeteroatom‐doped Fe‐NC catalyst has emerged as one of the most promising candidates to replace noble metal‐based catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, delicate controls over their structure parameters to optimize the catalytic efficiency and molecular‐level understandings of the catalytic mechanism are still challenging. Herein, a novel pyrrole–thiophene copolymer pyrolysis strategy to synthesize Fe‐isolated single atoms on sulfur and nitrogen‐codoped carbon (Fe‐ISA/SNC) with controllable S, N doping is rationally designed. The catalytic efficiency of Fe‐ISA/SNC shows a volcano‐type curve with the increase of sulfur doping. The optimized Fe‐ISA/SNC exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.896 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), which is more positive than those of Fe‐isolated single atoms on nitrogen codoped carbon (Fe‐ISA/NC, 0.839 V), commercial Pt/C (0.841 V), and most reported nonprecious metal catalysts. Fe‐ISA/SNC is methanol tolerable and shows negligible activity decay in alkaline condition during 15 000 voltage cycles. X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the incorporated sulfur engineers the charges on N atoms surrounding the Fe reactive center. The enriched charge facilitates the rate‐limiting reductive release of OH* and therefore improved the overall ORR efficiency.
Application of recycled polyol and benzimidazole to the enhancement of antifungal activity of polyurethane
Authors: Chung Yong‐Chan , Lee Dong Hyun , Choi Jae Won , Chun Byoung Chul 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRecycled polyol and benzimidazole were both grafted onto polyurethane (PU) to enhance the surface hydrophilicity and antifungal activity, respectively. The two grafted groups affected the viscosity, crosslink density, soft segment glass transition, breaking stress, flexibility at freezing temperature, shape recovery at −10 °C, surface hydrophilicity, and antifungal activity. The glass transition temperature increased from −67.5 °C for plain PU up to −60.8 °C after the grafting of polyol. The breaking stress and shape recovery of the grafted PU increased up to 425% and 200%, respectively, relative to plain PU because of the chemical linking by the grafted polyol. The hydrophilicity of PU, evaluated by the water contact angle and water swelling ratio, increased with increasing polyol content. A PU sample demonstrated excellent low‐temperature flexibility in comparison to plain PU and control sample. Finally, the PUs modified with grafted polyol and benzimidazole completely suppressed fungal growth. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46600.
What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?
Authors: Aghilinejhad Seyed Mostafa , Gorgin Saeid , van Uhm Daan , Joolaie Ramtin , Ghorbani Rasoul , Paighambari Seyed Yousef , Mohammadi Jahangir , Jalali Ali 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Overfishing, exacerbated by illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, is a serious threat to the conservation of the Caspian sturgeon populations, exposing them to the brink of extinction. This indicates the importance of investigating the causes and eliminating the consequences of the occurrence of IUU fishing.
This study aimed to determine the barriers to sturgeon conservation, and to evaluate the importance of variables involved in the occurrence of IUU fishing in the southern Caspian Sea using field‐ and questionnaire‐based surveys of 520 Iranian fishers and 40 fishery experts.
Modelling the data using the Logit regression model indicated that several social, economic, conservation, and fishery‐related variables (including fisheries knowledge, fish price, fishing method, fishing time, catch/vessel ownership, conservation importance, and penalty awareness) significantly contributed to the occurrence of illegal fishing. Fishers with poorer fisheries knowledge who owned fishing vessels were more likely to be involved in IUU fishing. In addition, fishers who were less concerned about sturgeon conservation and who used non‐standard fishing gear at night had a higher probability of committing IUU fishing.
Exploring the opinions of fishery experts through the analytical hierarchy process also showed that economic, social, fishing, and conservation criteria were respectively attributed the highest weights as the contributing criteria to the occurrence of IUU fishing.
Overall, close associations were observed between the range of determinants, with the probability of the occurrence of IUU fishing indicating that illegal fishing is a complex event that should be studied in different dimensions because of the involvement of a combination of drivers. The knowledge obtained here can assist the relevant agencies in preventing this widespread problem, and with the practical rebuilding and more efficient conservation planning of sturgeon stocks.
GARCH processes and the phenomenon of misleading and unambiguous signals
Authors: Sousa Beatriz , Cabral Morais Manuel , Okhrin Yarema , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn finance, it is quite usual to assume that a process behaves according to a previously specified target generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic process. The impact of rumors or other events on this process can be frequently described by an outlier responsible for a short‐lived shift in the process mean or by a sustained change in the process variance. This calls for the use of joint schemes for the process mean and variance. Since changes in the mean and in the variance require different actions from the traders/brokers, this paper provides an account on the probabilities of misleading and unambiguous signals of those joint schemes, thus adding insights on their out‐of‐control performance.