bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin, and the Aftermath of 9/11, 2001–2006
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the foreign policies of Liberal Prime Ministers Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin beginning in the aftermath of 9/11 and ending with the defeat of the Martin Liberals on a motion of non-confidence in late 2005. It covers the Canadian response to the 9/11 attacks, the Smart Border Accord, the creation of a new Department of Public Safety, Canada’s contribution to the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, the Martin foreign policy review and the resultant white paper, A Role of Pride and Influence in the World, international assistance to Africa and Haiti, and the Security and Prosperity Partnership with the United States and Mexico. The cases deal with Canada’s controversial accession to the Kyoto Protocol, the Chrétien government’s decision not to support the 2002 US intervention in Iraq, and the expansion of the Canadian military commitment in Afghanistan. The Beyond the Book case recalls Canada’s refusal to join the US ballistic missile defence program.
The Beginning Psychotherapist's Companion
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With a reassuring and clear writing style, this third edition of The Beginning Psychotherapist’s Companion offers practical suggestions and clinical examples to address the professional development and emotional concerns of the beginning psychotherapist. Guidance is provided in managing their relationships with their supervisors and diverse clients. This book educates readers on managing their personal well-being and discusses the foundations of ethical practice, including informed consent, confidentiality, and documentation. Extensive coverage of boundary issues includes self-disclosure and the reader’s online presence. Guidance is provided regarding electronic communications and data management. The reader is guided on how and when to refer clients for medication and other health care. Professional advice is provided on contemporary concerns such as telehealth, social networking, online searches of clients, the psychotherapist’s internet presence, and other important emerging challenges. Approaches to behavioral health emergencies are introduced. Comprehensive, practical, and thoroughly updated, The Beginning Psychotherapist’s Companion, Third Edition, is the ideal resource for students and early career psychotherapists.
Common Feelings
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses common feelings that arise in the mental health trainee and feelings that can arise within the therapeutic relationship. These include anxiety, confusion, feeling stuck, self-doubt, and feelings of inadequacy. Also, many beginning psychotherapists feel their minds going blank when talking with clients. Coping skills for these feelings and experiences are discussed briefly. The concept of imposter syndrome is explored, with attention to the effects of sexism, racism, and microaggressions. Common struggles with competence and perfectionism are discussed. The chapter also introduces the concepts of transference and countertransference as common cross-theoretical experiences. Finally, distress and coping skills about clients’ problematic behavior are discussed.
The Supervisor–Supervisee Relationship (with Jan Willer, Shona N. Vas, and Erin Gandelman)
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the supervisor–supervisee relationship. The frame of supervision is outlined, along with the goals of a trainee placement, and evaluations that are done. The reader is advised regarding realistic expectations of self, cultural humility in supervision, special issues regarding online supervision, supervisor–supervisee boundaries, and coping with a poor supervisory match. Inadequate and harmful supervision are examined, with examples for each. The healthy supervision relationship is described, along with advice on how to get the most from supervision. Qualities of healthy supervisory relationships include fostering an open and nonthreatening relationship, empathy, validation of experiences, and commitment to the supervisee’s professional development.
Clinical Electronic Communications and Data Security (with Jan Willer and Margo Adams Larsen)
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses legal and professional issues regarding data security and electronic communications. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Security Rule is discussed, which provides data security guidelines that all health care professionals must follow. Common inadvertent client data exposures are described, such as clients being able to glance at data on a computer screen about other clients. Data security and managing personal devices that access protected health information of clients are reviewed. The reader is introduced to Business Associate Agreements (BAAs). Secure and appropriately professional electronic communications with clients and other health care professionals are discussed. Relevant issues with apps and telehealth are reviewed.
Health-Related Referrals
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the process of making health-related referrals. It is important that psychotherapists learn about their clients’ physical health as well as their mental health and encourage appropriate medical care and evaluations as needed. Medical illness can cause apparent psychological symptoms. Chronic pain and appropriate referrals for that are discussed. The reader is introduced to the field of health psychology and advised when referrals to those professionals may be helpful. The importance of assessing sleep and making referrals for insomnia and likely sleep disorders is discussed. The reader is introduced to the challenges of traumatic brain injury and to when a referral to a neuropsychologist is warranted.
Mental Health Settings, Treatments, and Referrals
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the variety of mental health settings, treatments, and referrals for the beginning psychotherapist. It is important to understand the range of treatment options available and make an appropriate referral given the client’s level of distress and personal needs. Specifically, the following are discussed: community resources, adjunctive treatments and referrals, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient programs, inpatient psychiatric hospitalization, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, other brain stimulation therapies, and ketamine. The reader is also introduced to some of the many complementary and alternative medicine approaches that might be used or appealing to clients. Finally, traditional medicine is discussed along with some clinical recommendations.
Your Growth (with Erin Kaseda, Emily Graupman, Erin Gandelman, Noelle Mastrili, and Jan Willer)
Authors: Willer Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides encouragement to the beginning psychotherapist regarding several challenges they will likely experience during graduate school. Learning how to navigate being a new psychotherapist is just one of the many challenges that graduate students face. Other challenges can include learning that they are capable of doing hard things, recommitting to their professional goals, prioritizing and knowing their limits, appreciating themselves as early career professionals, using feedback for self-understanding as a professional, and discovering their own professional path. The importance of embracing their personal lives and of being kind to themselves are also discussed.
Family Musicking Framework
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Musicking is a term that refers to every aspect of music-making, including singing, dancing, moving, listening, playing an instrument, creating music, and providing opportunities for music to happen. “Musical parenting” means helping your child develop their musicality. “Parenting musically” refers to using music for non-musical goals in family life. The ideas come together in the Family Musicking Framework. It can be informative to analyze one’s family’s musical interactions. Becoming aware of the four factors in the Family Musicking Framework can help family members decide if they would like to shift any of the priorities or purposes when it comes to their family’s musicking.
You Are a Musical Family
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we explore the starting point that all humans are musical, even though some messages in our culture might suggest the opposite. The concept of music aptitude can help us understand that learning certain types or elements of music might be easier or harder for individuals. Yet all humans have the potential to learn music and to do music. There are many ways to include music in family life, both those that fit into parenting musically and those that are expressions of musical parenting. Any family can be a musical family and there are many ways to do music as a family—and no one right way!
Celebrating Your Family’s Musical Canon
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many families have a group of songs and musical pieces that are important to them. We can refer to this as a family’s “musical canon.” Having a set of songs common to your family can help create closer emotional ties, provide emotional “anchors” later in life, and contribute to routine and structure. Family musical canons shift over time. Returning to a playlist or album from an earlier time can be a fun way to reminisce. Bringing intention to what a family listens to, as well as sings or plays, gives the family the opportunity to create shared memories, meaning, and experiences. Learning about an individual or family’s “musical canon” is also a great way to get to know family members or friends better.
Cherishing Your Additional Adults in Family Musicking
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we consider the importance of additional adults in children’s musical lives. Grandparents, aunts, uncles, extended family, and additional caring adults can play an important part in children’s musical lives. These individuals may be living close by or farther away. Some readers may be those extra adults, looking for ways to provide enrichment or joy through music to the children in their lives. “Mutuality” is a concept that reminds us that having the opportunity to encourage or share with children has benefit for adults. I invite the reader to think about ways to connect with neighbors or community members if they would like to expand their family’s web of important adults.
What Are Your Family’s Musical Hopes and Dreams?
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Specifying one’s musical hopes and dreams for one’s family is an important part of understanding the role of music in family life. Musical hopes and dreams can be interconnected with hopes and dreams for children in other developmental areas. In this chapter we consider the musical hopes and dreams the reader has for their family. I share a checklist inventory as one way to think more deeply about these hopes and dreams. Talking to the children in their life is another important step. A mismatch between a family’s hope and dreams and those of a music teacher could create misunderstanding. It is important to communicate one’s hopes and dreams to the music teachers a family works with. I encourage readers to consider whether cultural assumptions or bias are interfering with pursuing their family’s musical hopes and dreams.
Music Before Birth
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some expectant parents may be worried about what their unborn baby listens to. However, the most important aspect of music in the prenatal period is how parents use music for their own relaxation and enjoyment. Fetuses can hear beginning at 27–29 weeks gestation, and babies recognize the music and sounds they heard in utero for several months after birth. Activities such as creating playlists and connecting with role models are ways to prepare for parenting musically. Expectant parents could also consider reading ahead in the book to the chapters on infancy, how to participate in early childhood music experiences, and singing.
How to Sustain Musical Involvement
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, families are encouraged to be flexible when thinking about their child’s music involvement for the “long game.” Awareness of practical and relational musicking can help sustain involvement. Balancing relational and practical musicking may be helpful in aligning musical hopes and dreams with motivation. When parents keep in mind the many ways to be musical and model lifelong musicking and musical enjoyment, this will help sustain children’s musical involvement for the “long game.” Readers should remember there are many ways to be musical. Perhaps one’s child will transfer their musical skills learned in childhood to other forms of musicking as a young adult.
Distinctively Mathematical Explanation
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter characterizes distinctively mathematical explanation (DME), describes prominent putative examples, and presents three desiderata for any philosophical account of DME: it should accommodate and explicate the modal import of some DMEs, for some DMEs show that their explananda are mathematically impossible; it should distinguish uses of mathematics in scientific explanation that are distinctively mathematical from those that are not, for there is a relatively intuitively clear distinction; and it should accommodate the “directionality” of DMEs, which is a special case of the more general desideratum: don’t count non-explanations as explanations. The chapter then illustrates how two recent accounts of DME fail to meet some or all of the desiderata.
Renormalization Group Explanation
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Renormalization group (RG) explanations are explanations that use a distinctive mathematical method called the RG method. RG is a method of coarse-graining or reducing the degrees of freedom or the amount of detail in a model. This chapter argues that the distinctiveness of this mathematical procedure does not imply that RG explanations are distinctively mathematical explanations (DMEs), contra Reutlinger. Instead, RG explanations are standard causal, mechanistic, or otherwise ontic explanations and, thus, fall under the book’s generalized ontic conception of explanation. The chapter defends this claim against criticisms by Batterman and Rice. It also criticizes their account of the explanatoriness of minimal model explanations, of which RG explanations are a species.
Deflating the Narrow Ontic Counterfactual Account
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter deflates the platonistic language of the Narrow Ontic Counterfactual Account (NOCA) by giving a normativist account of the mathematical modality involved therein. It argues that mathematical truths express actual conceptual rules—rules for transforming empirical descriptions—and that countermathematicals (i.e., counterfactuals with mathematically impossible antecedents) convey what would be the case as judged from the perspective of the non-actual conceptual rules expressed in the antecedent. It further argues that so deflating NOCA does not reduce its explanatory power nor its ontic status. More generally, normativism blocks any enhanced indispensability argument (EIA) from the existence of distinctively mathematical explanations (DMEs) to platonism, no matter what account of DME one adopts. This is illustrated by showing how normativism similarly deflates other accounts of DME, such as Pincock’s abstract dependence account and Baron’s Pythagorean proposal.
Semantics, Metasemantics, and Function
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter defends an inferentialist account of mathematical conceptual content that is compatible with normativism and NOCA. It argues for a broad normative inferentialist account of the content of mathematical concepts according to which their content is inferentially articulated as well as being structural-empirical; i.e., those that have empirical content have structural application conditions. It also argues that this metasemantic inferentialist account is compatible with truth-conditional semantics, semantic deflationism, and normativism. This compatibility is possible, in part, because normativism is a thesis about the function of mathematical discourse; truth-conditional semantics is, obviously, a semantic thesis; and these are consistent with a variety of metasemantic theses, such as inferentialism.
Telling Through Love
Authors: Smalls Krystal A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 “Telling Through Love: A Methodology for Testifying to Black Life” considers the methods of telling the fugitive Black livingness of others as a Black person. In addition to providing a deeply reflexive and somewhat atomic account of the methods used, it addresses some of the political and ethical implications of Smalls doing this particular work with these particular participants in this particular moment. To that end, the author sifts through her participants’ and her relationships to Blackness and to one another through Blackness. After framing Telling Blackness’s methodology as a version of Gina Ulysse’s rasanblaj approach, the chapter’s final section lays out raciosemiotics as an epistemological and methodological approach and details the theoretical minutiae of an ethnographic semiotic discourse analysis of language and race that includes digital life.
Experiments in Practice Change
Authors: Laurence Marion 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter tracks the rise of nontraditional peacekeeping practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, analyzing the process by which new ways of practicing impartiality emerged, spread, and became institutionalized. It argues that new practices emerged through both innovation and improvisation, and that crises—like the fall of Goma in 2012—were often drivers of change. The chapter also highlights the key role played by senior leaders, and the impact of vertical, horizontal, and managed learning among blue helmets. This chapter concludes by showing that normative disagreements among member states are often a barrier to formal institutionalization, and it confirms that practice change can precede norm change, a finding that underlines the limitations of top-down theories of norm implementation.
Conclusion
Authors: Laurence Marion 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The book’s final chapter returns to the original puzzle and synthesizes the book’s core findings about intrusive impartiality and the process by which new peacekeeping practices emerge, spread, and become institutionalized. It summarizes the book’s theory of change, and it explains how its theoretical framework can be used to study authority and change in other spheres of global governance. It also situates these contributions within wider debates in international relations theory about the relationship between norm-based theorizing and practice-based approaches. This chapter also discusses the book’s policy implications, highlighting findings about political and ideological contestation, the role of senior leaders, the impact of UN hiring and staffing practices, different approaches to learning and training for blue helmets, and the appeal of “soft” forms of institutionalization like best practices. It concludes by speculating about the future of intrusive impartiality and identifying new questions that emerge out of this research.
Social by Nature
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Humans have a fundamental need for social connection. In fact, our need for other people is just as essential as our need for food, water, and shelter. We can’t survive—let alone thrive—without the support of other people. And yet, in the modern world, we often view connection as a luxury rather than an essential need. In this chapter, we describe the essential nature of social connection—highlighting the fact that connection makes us happy and healthy, while feeling lonely increases our odds of sickness and early death. We also explain how individual differences like extraversion and attachment style affect the way people go about meeting their need for connection.
Epidemiology
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book gives an overview of the concepts that form the underpinnings of epidemiology and epidemiologic research. The aim is to create a coherent fabric of epidemiologic thinking for the reader. The emphasis is not on statistics, formulas, or computation, but on the underlying epidemiologic principles and concepts. This core content is supplemented with historical notes, a discussion of scientific inference, details about infectious disease epidemiology, and some advanced topics that serve as an on-ramp into further study for those who elect to pursue it. The overall organization is to begin with basic concepts such as causation and inference, progress to a presentation of epidemiologic measures of disease occurrence such as risk and incidence, and then measures that compare occurrence between groups of people that have had different exposures. From there, basic study designs are explained, and the ways to identify and control for errors in these studies are emphasized. The later chapters deal with analysis of epidemiologic data using methods intended to measure effects in a way that addresses meaningful questions and reduces sources of error. Little or no background is required of the reader. Basic concepts such as the definition of a cause and the process by which causal theories are evaluated are not assumed, but elaborated with straightforward examples. Each chapter contains a list of questions that serve as a basis for discussion of key concepts.
Epidemiology in Clinical Settings
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Epidemiology is often described as the basic science of public health, focusing on disease prevention, but it also has applications among patients with disease, before and after diagnosis. Screening for disease attempts to identify people with undiagnosed disease who might benefit from early treatment. Epidemiologic methods also assist in assessing prognosis among those with a given disease, and in studying the success and safety of different therapeutic options. Pharmacoepidemiology is a branch of epidemiologic research that focuses on the safety and effectiveness of medical products, including therapeutic drugs, devices, and vaccines. This chapter covers methodological tools and sources of bias for screening, prognosis, and pharmacoepidemiology.