bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Assistance in Dying: Alberta Approach and Policy Analysis
Authors: Silvius James L. , Memon Ameera , Arain Mubashir 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉLa légalisation de l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) au Canada a permis aux médecins, aux décideurs politiques et aux patients de réexaminer les soins de fin de vie. Cet article présente les principales caractéristiques du programme albertain d’AMM, dans le contexte des programmes d’AMM mis en place dans les autres provinces. Nous avons également comparé les politiques et les pratiques en matière d’AMM dans différentes provinces et territoires du Canada. De plus, nous avons utilisé la base de données de l’AMM de l’Alberta pour dresser un portrait des données démographiques sur les patients et l’accès aux services d’AMM en Alberta en 2017-2018. Des différences significatives ont été relevées dans les processus et les pratiques des divers programmes provinciaux et territoriaux d’AMM. Les programmes de l’Alberta, de l’Ontario et du Québec sont plus complets. L’Alberta a mis en place des ressources dédiées pour l’AMM. L’âge médian des personnes qui ont reçu des services d’AMM en Alberta de juillet 2017 à avril 2018 était de 70 ans. Les bénéficiaires étaient majoritairement des hommes (55 %) et des patients ayant un cancer (70 %). Environ 39 % des prestations d’AMM ont été réalisées en milieu hospitalier et 38 % au domicile des patients.Nous concluons avec quelques recommandations sur le développement, la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation du programme d’AMM, en nous fondant sur l’expérience de l’Alberta dans ce domaine au cours des deux dernières années.
A fast new algorithm for weak graph regularity
Authors: Fox Jacob , Lovász László Miklós , Zhao Yufei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe provide a deterministic algorithm that finds, in ɛ-O(1)n2 time, an ɛ-regular Frieze–Kannan partition of a graph on n vertices. The algorithm outputs an approximation of a given graph as a weighted sum of ɛ-O(1) many complete bipartite graphs.As a corollary, we give a deterministic algorithm for estimating the number of copies of H in an n-vertex graph G up to an additive error of at most ɛnv(H), in time ɛ-OH(1)n2.
Surgery of single ventricles in humanitarian practice: surgery for which patients?
Authors: Gouton Marielle , Bical Olivier Michel , Zoghbi Joy , Roussin Régine , Lucet Vincent , Leca Francine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives:To analyse the feasibility and effectiveness in humanitarian practice of surgical management of children with single-ventricle heart condition.Methods:Retrospective study of children with a single ventricle, managed by the association Mécénat-Chirurgie Cardiaque since 1996, with long-term follow-up after their return home.Results:Of the 138 children in our cohort, 119 had one or more surgeries (180 procedures): palliative surgery alone (systemic-pulmonary anastomosis or banding), 41; partial cavo-pulmonary connection, 47; total cavo-pulmonary connection (mean age 8.5 years), 31. Operative mortality is 5.5%. After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, 18 children (13%) were lost to follow-up. Survival at 10 years is 79% in children receiving surgery (palliative only, 72%; partial cavo-pulmonary connection, 77%; total cavo-pulmonary connection, 97%) versus 29% in children with no surgical intervention. The prognosis is better for tricuspid atresia and double-inlet left ventricle (86 and 83% survival at 10 years) than for double-outlet right ventricle or complete atrio-ventricular canal defect (64 and 68% at 5 years).Conclusion:The surgery of the single ventricle in humanitarian medicine allows a very satisfactory survival after one or more surgeries tending towards a total cavo-pulmonary connection as soon as possible.
Reassessing Carbamazepine in Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Ketter Terence A. 
Published: May 2019

This discussion focuses on the historical trends of carbamazepine in the treatment of acute mania, acute bipolar depression, and as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder. Clinical implications of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and drug interactions associated with carbamazepine are discussed as well.Important progress in bipolar disorders therapeutics began in the 1970s with lithium and the conventional antipsychotics, and continued in the 1980s with carbamazepine, in the 1990s with divalproex, and in the 2000s with lamotrigine and the introduction of the atypical antipsychotics. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used throughout these periods and still has a place in bipolar disorder, especially for severe, treatment-resistant, and very acute cases.Immediate-release carbamazepine was first approved for epilepsy in 1974, followed by approval of carbamazepine extended release capsules (CBZ ERC) for epilepsy in 1997. Reports of carbamazepine use in bipolar disorder began in 1973 in Japan, when Okuma and colleagues reported antimanic efficacy in manic-depressive psychosis. In 1978, Ballenger and Post reported effective use of carbamazepine in bipolar illness. The initiation of CBZ ERC in bipolar disorder trials began in 2001. In 2004, CBZ ERC received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes in patients with bipolar disorder (Slide 4).In 1988, a survey of American psychiatrists reported moderate-to-marked effectiveness for carbamazepine for the following conditions: partial complex seizures (85%), generalized seizures (82%), trigeminal neuralgia (81%), mania prophylaxis (72%), acute bipolar depression (67%), intermittent explosive disorder (65%), acute mania (62%), and schizoaffective disorder (58%). Historically, carbamazepine has been considered superior to lithium for rapid cycling and mixed mania, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), and bipolar disorder with mood incongruent delusions or comorbidity. In multiple controlled trials, carbamazepine was as effective as lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Limitations of early controlled carbamazepine trials include lack of parallel placebo groups, small samples (commonly <60 subjects), confounds of concomitant treatments, and low doses used to avoid/attenuate adverse effects.
Depression: major problem for public health
Authors: Paykel Eugene S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this Editorial is to discuss depression as an important disorder for public health. The literature regarding epidemiology, consequences, adequacy of service delivery and prevention of depression is reviewed. Depression is a common disorder with high lifetime rates, particularly in women, and those experiencing social adversity. It is a major cause of disability, and causes death both by suicide and due to raised rates of physical disorders. Many cases are undiagnosed and treatment is often inadequate. Primary prevention is not yet easily feasible but secondary prevention by earlier recognition, public and professional education, can produce benefits. There is a need for public health programmes aimed at improving recognition, treatment, and reducing consequences.
Primary headache in Italian early adolescents: correlation with stress and school social support
Authors: Santinello Massimo , Vieno Alessio , Battistella Pier Antonio 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYAims – The aims of the study are to evaluate the prevalence rates for headache among an Italian sample of early-adolescents and the role of possible related factors (school stress and social support). Methods – The survey reported here is part of the larger Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) trans-national study, which is co-ordinated by the European Office of the World Health Organization. The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of 4, 386 (48.4% males) Italian students (11-, 13- and 15-year old). The main areas covered in the questionnaire were health and health behaviour. Results – The overall prevalence of frequent headache (at least once a week) was 40.5%. Boys are less at risk than girls and the prevalence increases with age. Moreover, school demands (positively) and teacher's support (negatively) showed a significant association with the outcome. Conclusions – Compared to other countries, results revealed how this symptom is very common among Italian's early adolescents. Further, results shows the relevance of the school setting, in terms of teacher's demands and support, for the prevention of this symptom among early adolescents.Declaration of Interest: The HBSC study is partly funded by the University of Padova through a scholarship attributed to Dr. Alessio Vieno (Year 2001 - prot. CPDR013233).
Psychological Resilience as a Predictor of Symptom Severity in Adolescents With Poor Recovery Following Concussion
Authors: Durish Christianne Laliberté , Yeates Keith Owen , Brooks Brian L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives: Examine the mediating effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the relationship between psychological resilience and post-concussive symptoms (PCS) in children with poor recovery following concussion. Participants and Methods: Adolescents (N=93), ages 13 to 18 years, were assessed at a neuropsychology screening clinic at a children’s hospital. They sustained concussions more than 1 month before the clinic visit (median time since injury=5.1 months; range=42–473 days) and were seen on the basis of poor recovery (i.e., presence of persistent PCS and complaints of cognitive problems). Self-reported psychological resilience was measured using the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; self- and parent-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Behaviour Assessment System for Children – Second Edition; and self- and parent-reported PCS were measured using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory. All variables were measured concurrently. Regression-based mediation analyses were conducted to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms as mediators of the relationship between psychological resilience and PCS. Results: Psychological resilience significantly predicted self-reported PCS. Self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self-reported PCS, and parent-reported child depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self- and parent-reported PCS. Conclusions: Psychological resilience plays an important role in recovery from concussion, and this relationship may be mediated by anxiety and depressive symptoms. These results help shed light on the mechanisms of the role of psychological resilience in predicting PCS in children with prolonged symptom recovery. (JINS, 2019, 25, 346–354)
Confabulation Resilience of the Developing Brain: A Brief Review
Authors: Christensen Julie Nyvang , Sørensen Thomas Alrik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives: To investigate a possible confabulation resilience of the developing brain. Methods: We performed a literature search on confabulation in PubMed and identified all empirical studies of children and adolescents under the age of 18. Results: The analysis identified only three case studies of confabulation in children under the age of 18 of 286 empirical studies of confabulation. This reveals a striking discrepancy in the number of reported cases caused by brain injury between children and adults. We hypothesize that there may be a resilience toward confabulation in the developing brain and present three tentative explanations regarding the possible underlying mechanisms. Conclusions: Additional awareness on the scarcity of reported cases of confabulation in children could lead to important insights on the nature of confabulation and greater understanding of the resilience and plasticity of the developing brain. (JINS, 2019, 25, 426–431)
Structure, Variability, and Mean‐Flow Interactions of the January 2015 Quasi‐2‐Day Wave at Middle and High Southern Latitudes
Authors: Fritts David C. , Iimura Hiroyuki , Janches Diego , Lieberman Ruth S. , Riggin Dennis M. , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Vincent Robert A. , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. , Tsutsumi Masaki , Kavanagh Andrew J. , Batista Paulo P. , Hocking Wayne K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe structure, variability, and mean‐flow interactions of the quasi‐2‐day wave (Q2DW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during January 2015 were studied employing meteor and medium‐frequency radar winds at eight sites from 23°S to 76°S and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) temperature and geopotential height measurements from 30°S to 80°S. The event had a duration of ~20–25 days, dominant periods of ~44–52 hr, temperature amplitudes as large as ~16 K, and zonal and meridional wind amplitudes as high as ~40 and 80 m/s, respectively, at middle and lower latitudes. MLS measurements enabled definition of balance winds that agreed well with radar wind amplitudes and phases at middle latitudes where amplitudes were large and quantification of the various Q2DW modes contributing to the full wave field. The Q2DW event was composed primarily of the westward zonal wavenumber 3 (W3) mode but also had measurable amplitudes in other westward modes W1, W2, and W4; eastward modes E1 and E2; and stationary mode S0. Of the secondary modes, W1, W2, and E2 had the larger amplitudes. Inferred MLS balance winds enabled estimates of the Eliassen‐Palm fluxes for each mode, and cumulative zonal accelerations that were found to be in reasonable agreement with radar estimates from ~35°S to 70°S at the lower altitudes at which radar winds were available.
Response of the eukaryotic plankton community to the cyanobacterial biomass cycle over 6 years in two subtropical reservoirs
Authors: Liu Lemian , Chen Huihuang , Liu Min , Yang Jun R , Xiao Peng , Wilkinson David M , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Although it is widely recognized that cyanobacterial blooms have substantial influence on the plankton community in general, their correlations with the whole community of eukaryotic plankton at longer time scales remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of eukaryotic plankton communities in two subtropical reservoirs over a 6-year period (2010–2015) following one cyanobacterial biomass cycle—the cyanobacterial bloom (middle 2010), cyanobacteria decrease (late 2010–early 2011), non-bloom (2011–2014), cyanobacteria increase, and second bloom (late 2014–2015). The eukaryotic community succession that strongly correlated with this cyanobacterial biomass cycle was divided into four periods, and each period had distinct characteristics in cyanobacterial biomass and environments in both reservoirs. Integrated co-occurrence networks of eukaryotic plankton based on the whole study period revealed that the cyanobacterial biomass had remarkably high network centralities, and the eukaryotic OTUs that had stronger correlations with the cyanobacterial biomass exhibited higher centralities. The integrated networks were also modularly responded to different eukaryotic succession periods, and therefore correlated with the cyanobacterial biomass cycle. Moreover, sub-networks based on the different eukaryotic succession periods indicated that the eukaryotic co-occurrence patterns were not constant but varied largely associating with the cyanobacterial biomass. Based on these long-term observations, our results reveal that the cyanobacterial biomass cycle created distinct niches between persistent bloom, non-bloom, decrease and increase of cyanobacteria, and therefore associated with distinct eukaryotic plankton patterns. Our results have important implications for understanding how complex aquatic plankton communities respond to cyanobacterial blooms under the changing environments.
M2 receptors activation modulates cell growth, migration and differentiation of rat Schwann-like adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Piovesana Roberta , Faroni Alessandro , Magnaghi Valerio , Reid Adam J. , Tata Ada Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSchwann cells (SCs) play a central role in peripheral nervous system physiology and in the response to axon injury. The ability of SCs to proliferate, secrete growth factors, modulate immune response, migrate and re-myelinate regenerating axons has been largely documented. However, there are several restrictions hindering their clinical application, such as the difficulty in collection and a slow in vitro expansion. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) present good properties for peripheral nerve regenerative medicine. When exposed to specific growth factors in vitro, they can acquire a SC-like phenotype (dASCs) expressing key SCs markers and assuming spindle-shaped morphology. Nevertheless, the differentiated phenotype is unstable and several strategies, including pharmacological stimulation, are being studied to improve differentiation outcomes. Cholinergic receptors are potential pharmacological targets expressed in glial cells. Our previous work demonstrated that muscarinic cholinergic receptors, in particular M2 subtype, are present in SCs and are able to modulate several physiological processes. In the present work, muscarinic receptors expression was characterised and the effects mediated by M2 muscarinic receptor were evaluated in rat dASCs. M2 receptor activation, by the preferred agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), caused a reversible arrest of dASCs cell growth, supported by the downregulation of proteins involved in the maintenance of cell proliferation and upregulation of proteins involved in the differentiation (i.e., c-Jun and Egr-2), without affecting cell survival. Moreover, M2 receptor activation in dASCs enhances a pronounced spindle-shaped morphology, supported by Egr2 upregulation, and inhibits cell migration. Our data clearly demonstrate that rat dASCs express functional muscarinic receptors, in particular M2 subtype, which is able to modulate their physiological and morphological processes, as well as SCs differentiation. These novel findings could open new opportunities for the development of combined cell and pharmacological therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration, harnessing the potential of dASCs and M2 receptors.
Topological superconducting phase in high-Tc superconductor MgB2 with Dirac–nodal-line fermions
Authors: Jin Kyung-Hwan , Huang Huaqing , Mei Jia-Wei , Liu Zheng , Lim Lih-King , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTopological superconductors are an intriguing and elusive quantum phase, characterized by topologically protected gapless surface/edge states residing in a bulk superconducting gap, which hosts Majorana fermions. Unfortunately, all currently known topological superconductors have a very low transition temperature, limiting experimental measurements of Majorana fermions. Here we discover the existence of a topological Dirac–nodal-line state in a well-known conventional high-temperature superconductor, MgB2. First-principles calculations show that the Dirac–nodal-line structure exhibits a unique one-dimensional dispersive Dirac–nodal line, protected by both spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetry, which connects the electron and hole Dirac states. Most importantly, we show that the topological superconducting phase can be realized with a conventional s-wave superconducting gap, evidenced by the topological edge mode of the MgB2 thin films showing chiral edge states. Our discovery may enable the experimental measurement of Majorana fermions at high temperature.
A longitudinal characterization of the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis airway microbiome
Authors: Woo T. E. , Lim R. , Heirali A. A. , Acosta N. , Rabin H. R. , Mody C. H. , Somayaji R. , Surette M. G. , Sibley C. D. , Storey D. G. , Parkins M. D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA diverse microbiota exists within the airways of individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (nCFB). How the lung microbiome evolves over time, and whether changes within the microbiome correlate with future disease progression is not yet known. We assessed the microbial community structure of 133 serial sputa and subsequent disease course of 29 nCFB patients collected over a span of 4–16 years using 16S rRNA paired-end sequencing. Interestingly, no significant shifts in the microbial community of individuals were observed during extended follow-up suggesting the microbiome remains relatively stable over prolonged periods. Samples that were Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture positive displayed markedly different microbial community structures compared to those that were positive for Haemophilus influenzae. Importantly, patients with sputum of lower microbial community diversity were more likely to experience subsequent lung function decline as defined by annual change in ≥−1 FEV1% predicted. Shannon diversity values <1 were more prevalent in patients with FEV1 decline (P = 0.002). However, the relative abundance of particular core microbiota constituents did not associate with risk of decline. Here we present data confirming that the microbiome of nCFB individuals is generally stable, and that microbiome-based measurements may have a prognostic role as biomarkers for nCFB.
Assessment of Dapagliflozin Effectiveness as Add-on Therapy for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Qatari Population
Authors: Al AdAwi Rana Moustafa , Jassim Zainab , Elgaily Dina , Abdelaziz Hani , Sree Bhagya , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effectiveness of dapagliflozin in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) is an essential issue for establishing a basis for prescribing dapagliflozin. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of dapagliflozin in combination with other hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. This retrospective observational study included all patients who visited the endocrine clinics at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) and were treated with dapagliflozin. Demographics and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively from computerized patient medical profiles (eMR-viewer). The main outcome measures were the differences in HbA1c and FBG from baseline at different months. Eighty-one Qatari patients were found to have received dapagliflozin during the study period; 72% of them (n = 58) were males, with a mean age of 57.0 ± 9.0 years and a mean baseline HbA1c of 9.0 ± 1.4%. Administration of dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy was found to decrease HbA1c significantly by 0.8 percentage point after 6 months (P = 0.006) and by 1.5 percentage point after 12 months (P = 0.062). FBG was significantly reduced at 6 months and 9 months (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Dapagliflozin effectively reduced the HbA1c level and FBG when used in combination with other OHAs or insulin within 6 to 12 months.