bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the pile with the sagging loess soil
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Zaven , Luzin Ivan 
Published: September 2018

The article presents the formulation and solution of the problem in the interaction of a pile with a two-layered base, the upper layer of which settles due to the moistening by the filtrational flow (Darcy's law) or moisture transfer (Fick's law), and the lower layer is bearing, possesses relatively strong and deformation properties, which pushes against.
It is shown that due to subsidence of the surrounding soil, negative friction occurs on the lateral surface of the pile, which causes additional draft and force at the level of the heel of the pile. As a calculation, the geomechanical model of the ground cylinder, containing the pile and perceiving the load from the grillage as part of the pile-slab foundation, is considered.
Kramer and Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Deformity – Retrospective Comparison of Functional and Radiological Results
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Böhme Nina , Hacke Claudia , Gutcke André , Bergschmidt Philipp 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Hallux valgus ist mit einer Prävalenz bis zu 23% die häufigste Vorfußdeformität. Bei Beschwerden ist die Therapie operativ. Prospektive Studien, die Vorteile eines Verfahrens gegenüber einem anderen aufzeigen, sind selten. Bei Indikationen zur distalen Vorfußkorrektur gilt die Chevron-Osteotomie oft in Kombination mit einer Weichteilkorrektur als Therapie der Wahl. Der Stellenwert der OP nach Kramer ist nicht explizit beschrieben. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, die funktionellen und radiologischen Ergebnisse beider OP-Verfahren zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden In die retrospektive Untersuchung wurden 174 Patientendatensätze (42 männlich, 132 weiblich, 44,0 ± 16,8 Jahre) einbezogen, die zwischen 2008 und 2015 mit einer Chevron-Osteotomie (n = 71) oder Kramer-Osteotomie (n = 103) behandelt wurden. Die OP-Dauer wurde erfasst. Es erfolgte eine Auswertung der prä- und postoperativen Röntgenaufnahmen mit Bestimmung des Hallux-valgus-, des Intermetatarsalwinkels und der Sesambeinkonfiguration (Mittelwerte ± SD). Funktion und Lebensqualität wurden anhand des Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) und EuroQol5D geprüft. Das Schmerzniveau wurde mittels numerischer Ratingskala (NRS) erfasst. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte über mixed model ANOVA sowie t-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben.
Ergebnisse Beide Verfahren reduzierten den Hallux-valgus-Winkel (Kramer: 30 ± 8° auf 9 ± 7°; Chevron: 26 ± 7° auf 16 ± 9°; p < 0,001). Der Unterschied zwischen den Verfahren war statistisch signifikant (10 ± 2°; 95%-KI: − 12,93; − 6,49; p < 0,001). Beide Verfahren reduzierten den Intermetatarsalwinkel leicht (14 ± 3° auf 12 ± 3°; p < 0,001), jedoch ohne einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Verfahren (p = 0,116). Die Sesambeinkonfiguration konnte durch die Kramer-Osteotomie signifikant von 2/2 auf 0/1 nach Appel verbessert werden (p < 0,001). Dies gelang mit der Chevron-Osteotomie nicht (2/2 auf 2/1; p = 0,052). Die OP-Dauer war bei der Kramer-OP im Vergleich zur Chevron-Osteotomie kürzer (31 ± 14 vs. 44 ± 12 min; p < 0,001). Ein Unterschied im postoperativen Schmerz- und Beschwerdeniveau konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden (NRS postoperativ Chevron: 1,3; Kramer: 1,7; p = 0,413; FAOS: keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den Kategorien ADL (activities of daily living), Sport, Lebensqualität, Funktion und Schmerz).
Schlussfolgerung Bei vergleichbaren funktionellen sowie besseren radiologischen Ergebnissen und kürzerer OP-Dauer ist die Kramer-OP eine mögliche Alternative zur Chevron-Osteotomie. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung müssen in prospektiven Studien bestätigt werden.
Reliability of an ice hockey-specific complex test
Authors: Schwesig René , Lauenroth Andreas , Schulze Stephan , Laudner Kevin , Bartels Thomas , Delank Karl , Reinhardt Lars , Kurz Eduard , Hermassi Souhail 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background This study assessed the intra-rater reliability of an ice hockey-specific complex test (IHCT) that reflects the intense multidirectional and intermittent efforts required in ice hockey.
Methods Twenty professional players executed the IHCT twice over an interval of 2 days. Load parameters included a 10-m sprint, a 30-m transition with and without a puck, as well as slap and wrist shots. Stress parameters were lactate concentrations and heart rates.
Results The intrarater reliability (ICC) ranged from 0.54 to 0.98 for load parameters, and from 0.26 to 0.87 for stress parameters. 33 % (3/9) of stress parameters and 82 % (18/22) of load parameters had an ICC > 0.75. The largest limits of agreement were 41.6 for slap shot 1 after test and 50.4 for 6-min heart rate recovery. The smallest were 0.40 (10-m sprint without a puck) and 5.36 (resting lactate). The intra-rater reliability as shown by the coefficient of variation (CV) was lower for stress than for load parameters (mean CV: 13.4 vs. 4.7). 68 % (15/22) of load parameters and 11 % (1/9) of stress parameters showed a CV below 5 %.
Conclusion The IHCT is currently the only ice hockey-specific complex test with scientifically tested reliability and validity that can analyze performance under conditions similar to competition. It is suggested that coaches, fitness coaches and sports scientists explore use of this test as a valid tool to assess players’ performance and the effectiveness of training interventions.
Task repetition for language learning
Authors: DeKeyser Robert M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter looks at task repetition in second language learning from the point of view of skill acquisition theory and related areas of psychology. It explores not only what concepts like procedural and declarative knowledge, automatization, and transfer have to offer the applied linguist, but also summarizes the literature on distribution of practice, interleaving versus blocking, and similarity in repeated practice, drawing on both the psychological and the fledgling second language acquisition (SLA) literature. In general, the literature shows support for distributed practice, for interleaving, and for variety in practice. For all these points there are exceptions, however, in particular in the SLA literature. This chapter discusses some of the possible explanations for these differences, and ends with some recommendations for where to focus future research: how automatization may vary with the domain of language, how distribution of practice may depend on whether the knowledge practiced is declarative or procedural in nature, and how research can help find the ideal context for bringing about transfer from one task to the other.
Discourse performance in L2 task repetition
Authors: Wang Zhan , Chen Gaowei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
‘Repetition’ in language practice has often been associated with behavioristic drills, typically regarded as giving rise to habit formation, and often excluded from mainstream language teaching approaches. However, this study, drawing upon Bygate’s (1999) argument that task is a context for the framing and reframing of language, shows that repetition in meaningful tasks does not necessarily involve passive performance repetition; instead, L2 learners are actively re-constructing the narrative discourse. This study provides support to this argument through the analysis of the speech samples from thirteen learners performing an immediate exact L2 task repetition. The participants were asked to perform a video-based monologue story narration twice to an imagined listener, and the comparison of the learners’ first and second speech performances shows that the learners enhanced their discourse performance with: (1) increased quantity of discourse (evidenced by more Total Words, Total Propositions, and higher P-density); (2) increased cohesion (evidenced by higher ratio of given words to new words in sentences based on latent semantic analysis, i.e., LSA Given/New value); and (3) increased quality of lexis (evidenced by higher Noun Hyperonymy value, indicating more specific nouns used). The results suggest that task repetition, in addition to its effects on language complexity, accuracy, and fluency, has an impact on learners’ speech performance at the discourse level.
The effects of awareness-raising through stimulated recall on the repeated performance of the same task and on a new task of the same type
Authors: Sheppard Chris , Ellis Rod 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The study explores the effects of intervening between the performance of the same task and whether these effects transfer to a new task. 40 Japanese university students completed the same monologic narrative task three times and then performed a new task of the same type (Time 4). 20 students just performed the tasks (the task-repetition group). The other 20 engaged in a stimulated recall procedure after the initial performance of the first task (the stimulated recall group). In both groups, structural complexity increased from Time 1 to Time 2 and was maintained, including in the new task. In contrast, accuracy remained the same for both groups when the same task was repeated and decreased notably in the new task. Fluency improved in both groups when the same task was repeated but declined when the new task was performed. However, performance of the new task was still significantly better than at Time 1. No differences were evident in complexity and accuracy between the task-repetition and the stimulated recall groups over time. The stimulated recall group demonstrated greater fluency than the task-repetition group when repeating the same task but not the new task. The chapter concludes with comments on the potential of stimulated recall as a means for enhancing the effects of task repetition.
Perform, reflect, recycle
Authors: Lynch Tony 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this chapter I review my research into the benefits of various forms of internal repetition in speaking tasks created for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses at the University of Edinburgh. A common objective of the tasks was that they should create a context for language learners to recycle their performance – adapting and modifying their previous output, rather than merely doing the same thing again. I discuss four different speaking tasks and analyze the specific forms of recycling that they involved. After summarizing the evidence that each promoted improved learners’ spoken output in later task cycles, I contrast the findings with those from my recent replication study. In that study, I used one of the speaking tasks in a different pedagogic context, and found virtually no change in learners’ performances. I will suggest how this difference in uptake might stem from the way in which participants translated task-as-workplan into task-in-process, as well as from other contextual factors. Drawing on this synthesis of two decades of research, I propose a model of task recycling that incorporates the use of reflection activities, feedback, and comparator recordings, through which teachers can help second language learners to recycle and enhance their spoken English output.
Mediating input-based tasks for beginner learners through task repetition
Authors: Shintani Natsuko 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines task repetition from a sociocultural perspective. I will report a study examining how the dynamics of teacher-student interaction change when the same task is repeated over time. I draw on sociocultural theory by viewing task repetition as one way of dynamically mediating learners’ participation in an input-based task. The task was a listen-and-do task consisting of a simple procedure – the teacher’s commands followed by students’ action – with no requirement that the learners speak in the L2 (English). The same task was repeated nine times over five weeks. The participants were a group of six children, aged six, who had no L2 knowledge or experience of formal language learning. The lessons were audio- and video-recorded. The transcribed interactions and the video-data were analysed in detail to explore how the teacher’s scaffolding changed over time and how the students shifted from other-regulation to self-regulation. The analysis showed that the teacher employed two different approaches: mediating the task commands in the early lessons to assist the students’ comprehension and then pushing learners towards self-regulation in later lessons by reducing the level of support. The teacher’s actions led to co-construction and enabled the students to move from other-regulation to self-regulation in both comprehending key items in the input and voluntarily producing them. Overall, the study shows how the nature of ‘activity’ changed as the task-as-workplan was repeated over time.
Understanding benefits of repetition from a complex dynamic systems perspective
Authors: Nitta Ryo , Baba Kyoko 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This classroom-based study explored the benefits of repeating a writing task over one year from the perspective of complex dynamic systems. The study specifically investigated how students’ use of self-regulation related to changes in L2 writing. Data were collected from 26 students in an EFL classroom at a university over 30 weeks. Students were engaged in a 10-minute timed-writing task on a chosen topic with immediate self-reflection every week. Students’ L2 compositions were analysed using fluency, syntactic and lexical measures, and their self-reflections written in L1 were analysed in terms of self-regulatory processes. The analysis of two focal students revealed that the first student showed more elaborate engagement and employed self-regulatory cycles of goal-setting and self-evaluation, which improved his L2 writing over time, while the second student with more limited engagement employed less elaborate self-regulatory processes, which reflected little change in his writing. Based on these cases, we contend that repeated encounters with tasks over extended periods create a valuable pedagogic environment, and within this context students’ agentic attitudes towards the L2 writing task are likely to influence their learning in significant ways.
Task repetition or task iteration?
Authors: Larsen-Freeman Diane 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter recommends a different understanding of task “repetition” from the perspective of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). It suggests that a better term than “repetition” is “iteration”. While substituting one term for another might seem to be purely an academic exercise, doing so actually has important implications for researchers and teachers. For one, it is an acknowledgement of the common observation that learners’ performance on tasks will never be the same from one iteration to the next. In addition, it maintains that useful language pedagogy should build learners’ capacity to make meaning beyond their exploiting conventional uses of language to which learners have already been exposed. Further to this point, iteration instead of repetition is consistent with the CDST position that learning is not limited to reproduction. Through iteration, learners receive practice in adapting their language resources to mutable temporal and spatial contexts, and they construct their own learning paths. Also, the chapter problematizes the notion of transfer of learning, conceiving of it as transformation rather than transfer, and it addresses issues of measurement and nonlinearity. Finally, calling it task iteration honors the agency and uniqueness of learners and the construal that they give to the task at hand. As such, it calls for researchers to adopt a more emic perspective.
Continuous and intermittent heat acclimation and decay in team sport athletes
Authors: Duvnjak‐Zaknich Daniel M. , Wallman Karen E. , Dawson Brian T. , Peeling Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the impact of continuous (CON) and intermittent (INT) heat acclimation protocols on repeat‐sprint performance, and to also assess the degree of performance decay following acclimation. Using a pair‐matched, between subjects design, 16 trained male team sport athletes were allocated to either INT (8 sessions over 15 days) or CON acclimation (8 sessions over 8 days) groups. Participants performed a heat tolerance test (HTT) involving 60‐min of repeat‐sprint cycling with a 10‐min half time break (in 35.3 ± 0.7°C, 60.1 ± 4.0%; RH) two days pre‐ (pre‐HTT) and post‐acclimation (post‐HTT1). Decay was investigated with two further HTT's completed over the next two weeks (post‐HTT2 and post‐HTT3). Results showed the post‐HTT1 performance variables [mean power (pre‐HTT; INT = 1002.07 ± 173.74, CON = 1057.10 ± 180.07 / post‐HTT1; INT = 1097.11 ± 186.85, CON = 1163.77 ± 184.65 W), mean power (W.kg−1), total work (kJ) and work (J.kg−1)] were greater than pre‐HHT (p < 0.001) after acclimation, with no differences between INT and CON. No differences in final core and mean skin temperatures or heart rate existed after INT or CON acclimation, however 30 min measures for thermal sensation, perceived thirst and ratings of perceived exertion (as well as the final measure) were lower in post‐HTT1 (p < 0.05) in CON. Performance and thermoregulatory responses in post‐HTT2 and 3 were similar to post‐HTT1 in both INT and CON. These results indicate that prolonged repeat‐sprint exercise in the heat is improved after acclimation involving short, high‐intensity cycling sessions using either CON or INT protocols, with performance well‐maintained over the subsequent 2 weeks, despite removal of the heat stimulus.
A Critical Review of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Prophylactic Treatment of Chronic Migraine in Adults
Authors: Mimeh Hanieh , Fenech Magrin Anna Maria , Myers Simon , Ghanem Ali M 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a severe, disabling condition, ranked by World Health Organization as the sixth highest cause of disability worldwide. It greatly affects patients’ quality of life, functionality, and physical and mental health. The financial burden of migraine on the UK economy is conservatively estimated at £3.42 billion per year.ObjectivesThe authors sought to perform an evidence-based literature review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (onaBoNTA) in the prophylactic treatment of adult patients suffering with chronic migraine (CM) compared to placebo. After the best evidence is identified, it will be utilized to formulate a protocol for doctors managing CM in their aesthetic clinic.MethodsA comprehensive search of the current literature on the topic was performed by H.M. using Pubmed MEDLINE electronic database on March 1, 2018. All articles up to and inclusive of this date were included. Articles were limited to human studies and those in the English language. In vitro and animal studies were excluded.ResultsA total of 260 articles were identified. Of these, the excellent-quality, high-strength (level 1A) trials were short-listed to answer the research question.ConclusionsThere is high-quality, level 1A evidence to support onaBoNTA treatment in adults with CM is well tolerated and considered safe. However, it is associated with increased risk of adverse events and still some uncertainty exists associated with the degree onaBoNTA improves outcome measures compared to placebo. These data have been used to formulate The London Aesthetic Migraine Protocol (LAMP) to provide safe, evidence-based guidance for appropriately trained and experienced aesthetic practitioners to manage CM in their aesthetic clinics.Level of Evidence: 1
Effect of vocabulary mapping for conditions on phenotype cohorts
Authors: Hripcsak George , Levine Matthew E , Shang Ning , Ryan Patrick B 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To study the effect on patient cohorts of mapping condition (diagnosis) codes from source billing vocabularies to a clinical vocabulary.

Materials and Methods
Nine International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD9-CM) concept sets were extracted from eMERGE network phenotypes, translated to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms concept sets, and applied to patient data that were mapped from source ICD9-CM and ICD10-CM codes to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms codes using Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary mappings. The original ICD9-CM concept set and a concept set extended to ICD10-CM were used to create patient cohorts that served as gold standards.

Results
Four phenotype concept sets were able to be translated to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms without ambiguities and were able to perform perfectly with respect to the gold standards. The other 5 lost performance when 2 or more ICD9-CM or ICD10-CM codes mapped to the same Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms code. The patient cohorts had a total error (false positive and false negative) of up to 0.15% compared to querying ICD9-CM source data and up to 0.26% compared to querying ICD9-CM and ICD10-CM data. Knowledge engineering was required to produce that performance; simple automated methods to generate concept sets had errors up to 10% (one outlier at 250%).

Discussion
The translation of data from source vocabularies to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) resulted in very small error rates that were an order of magnitude smaller than other error sources.

Conclusion
It appears possible to map diagnoses from disparate vocabularies to a single clinical vocabulary and carry out research using a single set of definitions, thus improving efficiency and transportability of research.
On the way from misery to happiness? A longitudinal perspective on economic migration and well-being
Authors: Kratz Fabian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe assessment of returns from migration lies at the very heart of migration research. While a growing body of literature examines the links between migration and well-being, dynamic relationships require further elaboration. Using the longest running, nationally representative panel study with information on well-being, the German Socio-Economic Panel (1985–2016) this article addresses two essential, as yet unresolved, questions: How does the favourable self-selection of economic migrants affect their well-being before relocation?How does the well-being of economic migrants develop when individuals approach migration, and thereafter?Results show that—although favourably selected regarding determinants of well-being—economically motivated migrants are not happier before relocating than those who stay. Furthermore, economic migration has a causal impact on well-being, net of both observed and unobserved differences between migrants and stayers. This impact is transitory for women and long-lasting for men. For men, the results corroborate the view that migration enables access to opportunity structures favouring the pursuit of individual happiness. Results also differ by migration type: While long-distance movers and return migrants show a period of depressed happiness before a move, these findings do not hold for short-distance and onward migrants. Furthermore, moving towards urban areas results in stronger permanent effects than moving towards rural areas.