bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Planets around FGK Stars Probably Form through Core Accretion
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Liang , Li Xiang , Chen Yuqin , Zhao Gang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present a statistical study of the planet–metallicity (P–M) correlation by comparing the 744 stars with candidate planets (SWPs) in the Kepler field that have been observed with LAMOST, and a sample of distance-independent, fake “twin” stars in the Kepler field with no planet reported (CKSNPs) yet. With well-defined and carefully selected large samples, we find for the first time a turnoff P–M correlation of Δ[Fe/H]SWPs–SNPs, which on average increases from ∼0.00 ± 0.03 dex to 0.06 ± 0.03 dex, and to 0.12 ± 0.03 for stars with Earth-, Neptune-, and Jupiter-sized planets successively, and then declines to ∼−0.01 ± 0.03 dex for more massive planets or brown dwarfs. Moreover, the percentage of those systems with positive Δ[Fe/H] has the same turnoff pattern. We also find that FG-type stars follow this general trend, but K-type stars are different. Moderate metal enhancement (∼0.1–0.2 dex) for K-type stars with planets of radii between 2 and 4 R
⊕, compared to CKSNPs is observed, which indicates much higher metallicities are required for Super-Earths and Neptune-sized planets to form around K-type stars. We point out that the P–M correlation is actually metallicity-dependent, i.e., the correlation is positive at solar and supersolar metallicities, and negative at subsolar metallicities. No steady increase of Δ[Fe/H] against planet sizes is observed for rocky planets, excluding the pollution scenario as a major mechanism for the P–M correlation. All these clues suggest that giant planets probably form differently from rocky planets or more massive planets/brown dwarfs, and the core accretion scenario is highly favored, and high metallicity is a prerequisite for massive planets to form.
Investigating Galactic Supernova Remnant Candidates Using LOFAR
Authors: Driessen Laura N. , Domček Vladimír , Vink Jacco , Hessels Jason W. T. , Arias Maria , Gelfand Joseph D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We investigate six supernova remnant (SNR) candidates—G51.21+0.11, G52.37–0.70, G53.07+0.49, G53.41+0.03, G53.84–0.75, and the possible shell around G54.1+0.3—in the Galactic plane using newly acquired Low-Frequency Array High-band Antenna observations, as well as archival Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope and Very Large Array Galactic Plane Survey mosaics. We find that G52.37–0.70, G53.84–0.75, and the possible shell around pulsar wind nebula G54.1+0.3 are unlikely to be SNRs, while G53.07+0.49 remains a candidate SNR. G51.21+0.11 has a spectral index of α = − 0.7 ± 0.21, but lacks X-ray observations and as such requires further investigation to confirm its nature. We confirm one candidate, G53.41+0.03, as a new SNR because it has a shell-like morphology, a radio spectral index of α = − 0.6 ± 0.2 and it has the X-ray spectral characteristics of a 1000–8000 year old SNR. The X-ray analysis was performed using archival XMM-Newton observations, which show that G53.41+0.03 has strong emission lines and is best characterized by a nonequilibrium ionization model, consistent with an SNR interpretation. Deep Arecibo radio telescope searches for a pulsar associated with G53.41+0.03 resulted in no detection, but placed stringent upper limits on the flux density of such a source if it was beamed toward Earth.
The Effects of Binary Stars on the Color–Magnitude Diagrams of Young-age Massive Star Clusters
Authors: Yang Wuming 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTO) have been observed in the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of intermediate-age and young star clusters. The origin of the eMSTO phenomenon is still highly debated. Calculations show that the blue and faint (BF) stars in the CMD of NGC 1866 are hydrogen main-sequence (MS) + naked He-star systems. The He star derives from the massive star of a binary system. The BF stars and the red and faint MSTO stars belong to the same stellar population. The values of m

F336W
and m

F336W
−m

F814W
of the BF stars are mainly determined by the masses of He stars and H-MS stars, respectively. The behaviors of the BF stars in the CMD are well explained by the H-MS+He-star systems. The BF stars provide a strict restriction on the age of the stellar population. Moreover, the bimodal MS of NGC 1866 can also be reproduced by a younger binary population. The calculations show that part of the blue and bright (BB) MS stars of NGC 1866 are H-MS+He-star systems, H-MS+white dwarf systems, and merged stars in a binary scenario. The H-MS stars of the H-MS+He-star systems for the BB stars are significantly more massive than those of the BF stars. Once the H-MS+He-star systems and their membership in NGC 1866 are confirmed, the extended star formation histories and the effects of binaries can be confirmed in the young star cluster.
The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk
Authors: Dong Ruobing , Liu Sheng-yuan , Eisner Josh , Andrews Sean , Fung Jeffrey , Zhu Zhaohuan , Chiang Eugene , Hashimoto Jun , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Casassus Simon , Esposito Thomas , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Muto Takayuki , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav , Wilner David , Akiyama Eiji , Tamura Motohide , Wisniewski John 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Spatially resolved structures in protoplanetary disks hint at unseen planets. Previous imaging observations of the transitional disk around MWC 758 revealed an inner cavity, a ring-like outer disk, emission clumps, and spiral arms, all possibly generated by companions. We present ALMA dust continuum observations of MWC 758 at 0.87 mm wavelength with 43 × 39 mas angular resolution (6.9 × 6.2 au) and 20 μJy beam−1 rms. The central submillimeter emission cavity is revealed to be eccentric; once deprojected, its outer edge can be well fitted by an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.1 and one focus on the star. The broad ring-like outer disk is resolved into three narrow rings with two gaps in between. The outer two rings tentatively show the same eccentricity and orientation as the innermost ring bounding the inner cavity. The two previously known dust emission clumps are resolved in both the radial and azimuthal directions, with radial widths equal to ∼4× the local scale height. Only one of the two spiral arms previously imaged in near-infrared (NIR) scattered light is revealed in ALMA dust emission, at a slightly larger stellocentric distance owing to projection effects. We also submit evidence of disk truncation at ∼100 au based on comparing NIR imaging observations with models. The spirals, the north clump, and the truncated disk edge are all broadly consistent with the presence of one companion exterior to the spirals at roughly 100 au.
VprBP (DCAF1) Regulates RAG1 Expression Independently of Dicer by Mediating RAG1 Degradation
Authors: Schabla N. Max , Perry Greg A. , Palmer Victoria L. , Swanson Patrick C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The assembly of Ig genes in developing B lymphocytes by V(D)J recombination is initiated by the RAG1–RAG2 endonuclease complex. We previously identified an interaction between RAG1 and viral protein R binding protein (VprBP) (also known as DNA damage binding protein 1 cullin 4–associated factor 1 [DCAF1]), a substrate receptor for the cullin 4–really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4). We report in this article that in mice, B cell–intrinsic loss of VprBP increases RAG1 protein levels and disrupts expression of the endoribonuclease Dicer, which is essential for microRNA maturation. Rag1/2 transcription is known to be derepressed by loss of microRNA-mediated suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, raising the possibility that the elevated level of RAG1 observed in VprBP-deficient B cells is caused indirectly by the loss of Dicer. However, we show that VprBP restrains RAG1 expression posttranscriptionally and independently of Dicer. Specifically, loss of VprBP stabilizes RAG1 protein, which we show is normally degraded via a mechanism requiring both 20S proteasome and cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, we show that RAG1 stabilization through small molecule inhibition of cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase activation promotes V(D)J recombination in a murine pre–B cell line. Thus, in addition to identifying a role for VprBP in maintaining Dicer levels in B cells, our findings reveal the basis for RAG1 turnover and provide evidence that the CRL4VprBP(DCAF1) complex functions to maintain physiological levels of V(D)J recombination.
Profile of refractive error in Ekiti, south western Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Iyiade A. , Omotoye Olusola J. , Omotoso-Olagoke Olubunmi 
Published: June 2018

Background: Refractive error is one of the eye disorders with the capability of causing visual impairment. We needed to know the various types and proportion of refractive errors seen in patients attending an eye clinic at the tertiary health centre.Aim: An observational study was carried out to determine the profile of refractive error in a southwestern Nigeria hospital.Methods: All new cases with the diagnosis of refractive error between January 2015 and December 2016 had autorefraction and subjective refraction to determine the types and values of refractive error. Data were analysed with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05.Results: Refractive error constituted 618 (21.4%) of the total new cases. The mean age was 39.3 ± 22.96 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.8. Children constituted 25.7% of all the cases. The most common refractive error was myopia in 64.3%. A total of 312 (50.5%) patients had other co-existing ocular disorders with allergic conjunctivitis on the top of the list. The number of visually impaired reduced to 70 (5.64%) after the correction of existing refractive error with about 94.1% having their visual acuity restored to normal.Conclusion: Refractive error was a common eye disorder among our patients with the proportion of children about a quarter of all patients. We recommend that childhood refractive errors should be given prioritised attention in eye outreach programmes.
On the discrepancy of HCl processing in the core of the wintertime polar vortices
Authors: Grooß Jens-Uwe , Müller Rolf , Spang Reinhold , Tritscher Ines , Wegner Tobias , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Kinnison Douglas E. , Madronich Sasha 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. More than 3 decades after the discovery of the ozone hole, the
processes involved in its formation are believed to be understood in
great detail. Current state-of-the-art models can reproduce
the observed chemical composition in the springtime polar stratosphere,
especially regarding the quantification of halogen-catalysed ozone
loss.
However, we report here on a discrepancy between simulations and
observations during the less-well-studied period of the onset of
chlorine activation. During this period, which in the Antarctic is
between May and July, model simulations significantly overestimate
HCl, one of the key chemical species, inside the polar vortex during
polar night. This HCl discrepancy is also observed in the Arctic.
The discrepancy exists in different models to varying extents; here,
we discuss three independent ones, the Chemical Lagrangian
Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) as well as the Eulerian
models SD-WACCM (the specified dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model) and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT. The HCl discrepancy points to
some unknown process in the formulation of stratospheric chemistry
that is currently not represented in the models. We characterise the HCl discrepancy in space and time for the
Lagrangian chemistry–transport model CLaMS, in which HCl in the
polar vortex core stays about constant from June to August in the
Antarctic, while the observations indicate a continuous HCl decrease
over this period. The somewhat smaller discrepancies in the Eulerian
models SD-WACCM and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT are also presented. Numerical
diffusion in the transport scheme of the Eulerian models is
identified to be a likely cause for the inter-model differences.
Although the missing process has not yet been identified, we
investigate different hypotheses on the basis of the characteristics
of the discrepancy.
An underestimated HCl uptake into the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles that consist
mainly of H2O and HNO3 cannot explain it due to
the temperature correlation of the discrepancy. Also, a direct
photolysis of particulate HNO3 does not resolve the discrepancy
since it would also cause changes in chlorine chemistry in late
winter which are not observed.
The ionisation caused by galactic cosmic rays provides an additional
NOx and HOx source that can explain only about 20 %
of the discrepancy.
However, the model simulations show that a hypothetical
decomposition of particulate HNO3 by some other process not
dependent on the solar elevation, e.g. involving galactic cosmic
rays, may be a possible mechanism to resolve the HCl discrepancy.
Since the discrepancy reported here occurs during the beginning of
the chlorine activation period, where the ozone loss rates are small,
there is only a minor impact of about 2 % on the overall ozone
column loss over the course of Antarctic winter and spring.
A chemical transport model study of plume-rise and particle size distribution for the Athabasca oil sands
Authors: Akingunola Ayodeji , Makar Paul A. , Zhang Junhua , Darlington Andrea , Li Shao-Meng , Gordon Mark , Moran Michael D. , Zheng Qiong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We evaluate four high-resolution model simulations of pollutant
emissions, chemical transformation, and downwind transport for the Athabasca
oil sands using the Global Environmental Multiscale – Modelling Air-quality
and Chemistry (GEM-MACH) model, and compare model results with surface
monitoring network and aircraft observations of multiple pollutants, for
simulations spanning a time period corresponding to an aircraft measurement
campaign in the summer of 2013. We have focussed here on the impact of
different representations of the model's aerosol size distribution and
plume-rise parameterization on model results. The use of a more finely resolved representation of the aerosol size
distribution was found to have a significant impact on model performance,
reducing the magnitude of the original surface PM2.5 negative biases
32 %, from −2.62 to −1.72 µg m−3. We compared model predictions of SO2, NO2, and speciated
particulate matter concentrations from simulations employing the commonly
used Briggs (1984) plume-rise algorithms to redistribute emissions from large
stacks, with stack plume observations. As in our companion paper (Gordon et
al., 2017), we found that Briggs algorithms
based on estimates of atmospheric stability at the stack height resulted in
under-predictions of plume rise, with 116 out of 176 test cases falling below
the model : observation 1 : 2 line, 59 cases falling within a factor of 2
of the observed plume heights, and an average model plume height of 289 m
compared to an average observed plume height of 822 m. We used a
high-resolution meteorological model to confirm the presence of significant
horizontal heterogeneity in the local meteorological conditions driving plume
rise. Using these simulated meteorological conditions at the stack locations,
we found that a layered buoyancy approach for estimating plume rise in stable
to neutral atmospheres, coupled with the assumption of free rise in
convectively unstable atmospheres, resulted in much better model performance
relative to observations (124 out of 176 cases falling within a factor of 2
of the observed plume height, with 69 of these cases above and 55 of these
cases below the 1 : 1 line and within a factor of 2 of observed values).
This is in contrast to our companion paper, wherein this layered approach
(driven by meteorological observations not co-located with the stacks) showed
a relatively modest impact on predicted plume heights. Persistent issues with
over-fumigation of plumes in the model were linked to a more rapid decrease
in simulated temperature with increasing height than was observed. This in
turn may have led to overestimates of near-surface diffusivity, resulting in
excessive fumigation.
Central-Pacific surface meteorology from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign
Authors: Hartten Leslie M. , Cox Christopher J. , Johnston Paul E. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Abbott Scott , McColl H. Alex 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. During the early months of the 2015/2016 El Niño event, scientists led by the Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division conducted the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign. One component of ENRR involved in situ observations collected over the near-equatorial eastern–central Pacific Ocean. From 25 January to 28 March 2016, standard surface meteorology observations, including rainfall, were collected at Kiritimati Island (2.0° N, 157.4° E) in support of twice-daily radiosonde launches. From 16 February to 16 March 2016, continuous measurements of surface meteorology, sea surface temperature, and downwelling shortwave radiation were made by NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown. These were largely done in support of the four to eight radiosondes launched each day as the ship travelled from Hawaii to TAO buoy locations along longitudes 140 and 125° W and then back to port in San Diego, California. The rapid nature of these remote field deployments led to some specific challenges in addition to those common to many surface data collection efforts. This paper documents the two deployments as well as the steps taken to evaluate and process the data. The results are two multi-week surface meteorology data products and one accompanying set of surface fluxes, all collected in the core of the eastern–central Pacific's extremely warm waters. These data sets, plus metadata, are archived at the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and are free for public access: surface meteorology from Kiritimati Island (https://doi.org/10.7289/V51Z42H4); surface meteorology and some surface fluxes from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5SF2T80; https://doi.org/10.7289/V58050VP).
Ship- and island-based soundings from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign
Authors: Hartten Leslie M. , Cox Christopher J. , Johnston Paul E. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Abbott Scott , McColl H. Alex , Quan Xiao-Wei , Winterkorn Matthew G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. As the 2015/2016 El Niño was gathering strength in late 2015, scientists at the Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division proposed and led the implementation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign. ENRR observations included wind and thermodynamic profiles of the atmosphere over the near-equatorial eastern central Pacific Ocean, many of which were collected from two field sites and transmitted in near-real time for inclusion in global forecasting models. From 26 January to 28 March 2016, twice-daily rawinsonde observations were made from Kiritimati (pronounced Christmas) Island (2.0° N, 157.4° E; call sign CXENRR). From 16 February to 16 March 2016, three to eight radiosondes were launched each day from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (allocated call sign WTEC) as it travelled southeast from Hawaii to service Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys along longitudes 140 and 125° W and then north to San Diego, California. Both the rapid and remote nature of these deployments created particular difficulties in collecting and disseminating the soundings; these are described together with the methods used to reprocess the data after the field campaign finished. The reprocessed and lightly quality-controlled data have been put into an easy-to-read text format, qualifying them to be termed Level 2 soundings. They are archived and freely available for public access at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in the form of two separate data sets: one consisting of 125 soundings from Kiritimati (https://doi.org/10.7289/V55Q4T5K), the other of 193 soundings from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5X63K15). Of the Kiritimati soundings, 94 % reached the tropopause and 88 % reached 40 hPa, while 89 % of the ship's soundings reached the tropopause and 87 % reached 40 hPa. The soundings captured the repeated advance and retreat of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at Kiritimati, a variety of marine tropospheric environments encountered by the ship, and lower-stratospheric features of the 2015–2016 QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation), all providing a rich view of the local atmosphere's response to the eastern central Pacific's extremely warm waters during the 2015/16 El Niño.
How CPED Guiding Principles and Design Concepts Influenced the Development and Implementation of an EdD Program
Authors: Buss Ray R. 
Published: June 2018

In this essay, I have described how the CPED Guiding Principles for Program Design (GPPD) and Design Concepts (DC) have influenced the development and implementation of Arizona State University’s EdD in Leadership and Innovation program. I have explained the pervasive influence of the CPED GPPD and DC on various aspects of the program including (a) more general or global aspects of the program; (b) signature pedagogies of the program; (c) development of program milestones; and (d) development and implementation of courses in the program. As a result, faculty members have created and continue to deliver a more coherent, practitioner-oriented program, which benefits students and is guided by the CPED Principles and Design Concepts.
The Wife of Bath's Bele Chose
Authors: Bjork Robert E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Wife of Bath's famous erudition, resistance to authority, and unapologetic sexuality all come together in one of Chaucer's epithets for her private parts. Bele chose (beautiful thing) occurs only three times: in Chaucer's prologue to the Wife of Bath's Tale, in a Middle English translation of a Latin medical text, and—the present paper argues—in the Roman de la Rose. Chaucer uses the term as a deliberate repudiation of pudendum (shameful thing), a term that he does not use but which was undoubtedly known to him through several classical and medieval sources. A survey of all Chaucer's euphemisms for private parts in the Wife of Bath's Prologue contextualizes the discussion.