bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of maternal overweight and obesity to the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Yang Zongjian , Phung Hai , Freebairn Louise , Sexton Rosalind , Raulli Alexandra , Kelly Paul 
Published: July 2018

AimsMaternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy are known to increase the risk of a range of complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study estimates the population‐level contribution of maternal overweight and obesity to adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsData derived from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Maternal and Perinatal Data Collection were analysed. A total of 24 161 women who had a singleton birth in 2009–2015, with maternal weight and height information available, were included. In this study, the association between risk factors and outcomes was investigated using multilevel regression modelling. Based on model predictions under various hypothetical maternal weight scenarios, the number and proportion of adverse perinatal outcomes that could be potentially prevented were estimated.ResultsMaternal overweight and obesity were associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre‐eclampsia, caesarean delivery, preterm birth (PTB), large for gestational age (LGA) and admission to the special care nursery or neonatal intensive care unit (SCN/NICU). The estimated proportions of adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to overweight and obesity in pregnancy are 29.3% for GDM, 36.2% for pre‐eclampsia, 15.5% for caesarean delivery, 21.6% for longer antenatal stay in hospital (≥2 days), 16.3% for extreme PTB, 25.2% for LGA and 6.5% for SCN/NICU admission.ConclusionsMaternal overweight and obesity contribute to a large proportion of obstetric complications and adverse outcomes in the ACT. Effective intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in pregnant women could have significant beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes.
Identification of prognostic parameters in CLL with no abnormalities detected by chromosome banding and FISH analyses
Authors: Vetro Calogero , Haferlach Torsten , Jeromin Sabine , Stengel Anna , Zenger Melanie , Nadarajah Niroshan , Baer Constance , Weissmann Sandra , Kern Wolfgang , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Claudia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a clinical course dependent on cytogenetic features. However, in 15–20% of cases both chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analyses do not show any kind of abnormality. With the aim to identify dependable molecular prognostic factors in this subgroup, we performed a comprehensive analysis on 171 patients including genomic arrays (comparative genomic hybridisation and single nucleotide polymorphism), immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes (IGHV) status, flow cytometry and targeted sequencing. Genomic arrays detected 73 aberrations in 39 patients (23%). Most frequently, patients had 1 aberration (25/171; 15%), while 14 patients (8%) had at least 2 aberrations. IGHV status was unmutated in 53/171 (31%) patients. SF3B1 was the most frequently mutated gene (26/171 patients; 15%), followed by NOTCH1 (15/171; 9%). At univariate analysis, an adverse impact on time to treatment (TTT) was evident for SF3B1 mutations, higher white blood cell count, higher CLL cells percentage by flow cytometry, CD38 positivity, IGHV unmutated status and at least 2 genomic array abnormalities. Of these, SF3B1 mutations, CLL cells percentage, IGHV unmutated status and number of genomic array aberrations maintained their impact in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, by integrating genomic and molecular data, we identified patients at higher risk for treatment need.
Iron related changes in MS lesions and their validity to characterize MS lesion types and dynamics with Ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hametner Simon , Dal Bianco Assunta , Trattnig Siegfried , Lassmann Hans 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIron accumulates with age in the normal human brain. This process is altered at several levels in the brain of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Since iron is mainly stored in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the normal brain, its liberation in demyelinating lesions may amplify tissue damage in demyelinating lesions and its uptake in macrophages and microglia may help to more precisely define activity stages of the lesions. In addition, glia cells change their iron import, export and storage properties in MS lesions, which is reflected by alterations in the expression of iron transport molecules. Changes of iron distribution in the brain can be reliably detected by MRI, particularly upon application of Ultra‐high magnetic field (7 Tesla). Iron‐sensitive MRI allows to more accurately distinguish the lesions in MS from those in other inflammatory brain diseases, to visualize a subset of slowly expanding lesions in the progressive stage of MS and to increase the sensitivity for lesion detection in the gray matter, such as the cerebral cortex or deep gray matter nuclei.
Glycycoumarin protects mice against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury predominantly via activating sustained autophagy
Authors: Yan Mingzhu , Ye Linhu , Yin Shutao , Lu Xiaotong , Liu Xiaoyi , Lu Shangyun , Cui Jinling , Fan Lihong , Kaplowitz Neil , Hu Hongbo 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeAcetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury (AILI) is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in developed countries. Given the significant limitations associated with N‐acetyl cysteine, the only antidote used to treat AILI, the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can offer a wide range of therapeutic time‐windows is clearly needed. Glycycoumarin (GCM), a natural coumarin purified from liquorice, has been previously demonstrated to possess potent hepatoprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of GCM against AILI.Experimental ApproachAcetaminophen (300 mg·kg−1) was administered to male C57BL/6 mice, with and without GCM. Serum transaminases, haematoxylin and eosin staining and Western blot were used to assess hepatic damage.Key ResultsGCM (50 mg·kg−1) was highly effective against acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, GCM was superior to N‐acetyl cysteine, in terms of the dosage and the therapeutic time‐windows. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the therapeutic action of GCM was not a result of inhibition of acetaminophen metabolic activation or associated with Nrf2. Instead, the protective effect of GCM appeared to be predominantly dependent on sustained activation of autophagy, which attenuated acetaminophen‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and JNK activation.Conclusions and ImplicationsCollectively, our results indicate that GCM alleviated acetaminophen‐induced oxidative stress through activating autophagy, thereby protecting against AILI. Our findings suggest that GCM has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for treating AILI.
Life‐history evolution under fluctuating density‐dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace‐of‐life syndromes
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Bolstad Geir H. , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe present a novel perspective on life‐history evolution that combines recent theoretical advances in fluctuating density‐dependent selection with the notion of pace‐of‐life syndromes (POLSs) in behavioural ecology. These ideas posit phenotypic co‐variation in life‐history, physiological, morphological and behavioural traits as a continuum from the highly fecund, short‐lived, bold, aggressive and highly dispersive ‘fast’ types at one end of the POLS to the less fecund, long‐lived, cautious, shy, plastic and socially responsive ‘slow’ types at the other. We propose that such variation in life histories and the associated individual differences in behaviour can be explained through their eco‐evolutionary dynamics with population density – a single and ubiquitous selective factor that is present in all biological systems. Contrasting regimes of environmental stochasticity are expected to affect population density in time and space and create differing patterns of fluctuating density‐dependent selection, which generates variation in fastversusslow life histories within and among populations. We therefore predict that a major axis of phenotypic co‐variation in life‐history, physiological, morphological and behavioural traits (i.e. the POLS) should align with these stochastic fluctuations in the multivariate fitness landscape created by variation in density‐dependent selection. Phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic (co‐)variation oriented along this major POLS axis are thus expected to facilitate rapid and adaptively integrated changes in various aspects of life histories within and among populations and/or species. The fluctuating density‐dependent selection POLS framework presented here therefore provides a series of clear testable predictions, the investigation of which should further our fundamental understanding of life‐history evolution and thus our ability to predict natural population dynamics.
Preparation and biological evaluation of metronidazole derivatives with monoterpenes and eugenol
Authors: Bkhaitan Majdi M. , Alarjah Mohammed , Mirza Agha Zeeshan , Abdalla Ashraf N. , El‐Said Hamdi M. , Faidah Hani S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo series of metronidazole derivatives (ester derivatives and ether derivatives) were prepared reacting metronidazole and its acetic acid oxidized form with menthol, thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Both series of compounds were tested in vitro against two strains of Helicobacter pylori (the ATCC 26695 and P12), and one strain of Clostridium (Clostridium perfringens). Most of the prepared compounds showed biological activity against the targeted bacteria. Compound 11 was highly active against all tested bacterial strains, especially against P12 with IC50 0.0011 μM/ml. Compound 6 was highly active against C. perfringens with MIC 0.0094 nM/ml. Viability test was conducted for compound 11 to test its selectivity for normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), and it was found to be non‐toxic with IC50 more than 50 μM/ml.
The 12‐year prevalence and trends of childhood disabilities in Australia: Findings from the Survey of Disability, Aging and Carers
Authors: Arabiat Diana H. , Whitehead Lisa , AL Jabery Mohammad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis paper contributes to knowledge on the prevalence and nature of disabilities in Australian children over a 12‐year period (2003–2015). Understanding the current state of childhood disability is imperative for predicting future needs for long‐term care and early intervention services for this population.MethodsWe used data on children 0–14 years from the 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2015 survey of Disability, Aging and Carers, which is an ongoing national survey covering both rural and urban areas of all States and Territories of Australia.ResultsUsing the test for trends in population, no significant increases were noted in the prevalence of childhood disabilities over the last 12 years, although the prevalence of any developmental disability increased from 6.9% to 7.42% between 2009 and 2015. The rate and severity of disability was higher among boys compared with girls of the same age for a number of selected disabilities and higher for children aged 5–14 years.ConclusionsWith the anticipated rise in psychological related disability among Australian children, there is a need to ensure availability of a flexible and responsive model of service delivery for this population. This also implies that respite service coverage may need to be substantially increased to meet children and caregivers' needs.
Functional status of immune cells in patients with long-lasting type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nam H W , Cho Y J , Lim J A , Kim S J , Kim H , Sim S Y , Lim D G 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Although patients with diabetes contract infectious diseases at higher frequencies, and in more severe forms, compared to non-diabetics, the underlying defects of the immune function have not been defined clearly. To address this, we designed an immune monitoring protocol and analysed the functional status of various immune cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with the proper ligands and the functional reactivity of each lineage of cells was subsequently measured. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had PBMC composition ratios comparable to healthy controls, except for a higher frequency of B cell and effector T cell fractions. The capacity of myeloid cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines was not diminished in terms of the sensitivity and magnitude of the response. Furthermore, cytolytic activity and interferon (IFN)-γ production of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells were not decreased in T2DM patients. Phenotypical maturation of dendritic cells, indicated by the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and co-stimulatory molecules in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was slightly enhanced in T2DM patients. Finally, the functional differentiation profiles of CD4+ T cells did not differ between T2DM patients and the control group. These data indicate that patients with long-lasting T2DM do not have any gross functional defects in immune cells, at least in circulating monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells and T lymphocytes.
Support for the U.S. Endangered Species Act over time and space: Controversial species do not weaken public support for protective legislation
Authors: Bruskotter Jeremy T. , Vucetich John A. , Slagle Kristina M. , Berardo Ramiro , Singh Ajay S. , Wilson Robyn S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe used data from a 2014 survey (n = 1,287) of U.S. residents and recent polls to assess how public support for the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) changed over time, and whether protecting controversial species affects support for the law. We assessed support for the ESA, trust in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and attitudes toward wolves across three regions with different experiences in conserving gray wolves through the ESA. We found: (a) ∼4 in 5 Americans support the ESA, whereas ∼1 in 10 oppose; (b) support for the ESA remained stable over the past two decades; (c) strong majorities (>68%) of individuals identifying with 8 special interest types support the ESA; and (d) no differences in support for the ESA, attitudes toward wolves, or trust in the FWS across regions. Results suggest that protecting species—even controversial predators—does not weaken support for protective legislation.
Lung transplant patients with coronary artery disease rarely die of cardiac causes
Authors: Makey Ian A. , Sui Jin W. , Huynh Charles , Das Nitin A. , Thomas Mathew , Johnson Scott 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundA relative contraindication for lung transplant (LT) is coronary disease burden sufficient to cause risk of myocardial infarction after LT. We analyzed cause of death and outcomes of our LT patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsInpatient records from March 1, 2004, to January 31, 2015, were retrospectively examined and data of 306 LTs extracted. Twenty‐five patients without coronary angiography (CA) and 7 with redo LTs were excluded. The other 274 patients were divided into 2 groups: CAD (n = 116) and no CAD (n = 158). Patients with prior revascularization or coronary stenosis >10% were placed into the CAD group.ResultsThe CAD group was older and had more male patients, greater history of smoking and hypertension, and greater proportion of patients with interstitial lung disease than the no‐CAD group. CAD patients were more likely to receive a single‐lung transplant. Death of cardiac causes occurred for 2 patients (1.7%) in the CAD group and for 1 patient (0.6%) in the no‐CAD group (P = 0.39).ConclusionsThis analysis shows that compared with patients who have no CAD, patients with CAD have different demographic characteristics and receive more single‐lung transplants. Incidence of death of cardiac causes is rare.
Association between cytomegalovirus seropositivity and Type 2 diabetes is explained by age and other demographic characteristics: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Schmidt L. , Nelson H. H. , Thyagarajan B. , Hunter‐Schlichting D. , Pankow J. S. , Capistrant B. , Prizment A. E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the association between cytomegalovirus and Type 2 diabetes among 6664 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe used existing data from adults aged 20–49 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Cytomegalovirus status was determined using cytomegalovirus‐specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Prevalent Type 2 diabetes was assessed through self‐report or a plasma fasting glucose of ≥7 mmol/l. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between Type 2 diabetes and cytomegalovirus seropositivity after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, education, BMI and physical activity.ResultsIn a univariate model, the crude odds of Type 2 diabetes were 47% higher in those who were cytomegalovirus‐seropositive vs cytomegalovirus‐seronegative. The association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for age and other covariates: the odds ratio for diabetes was 1.09 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.66) for cytomegalovirus‐seropositive vs ‐seronegative individuals.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the association between cytomegalovirus and Type 2 diabetes is explained by age and other risk factors for diabetes.
Diabetes transition care and adverse events: a population‐based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shulman R. , Shah B. R. , Fu L. , Chafe R. , Guttmann A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo describe patterns of primary and diabetes care during transition age (17 to < 19 years) into early adulthood (age 19 to 26 years), and to evaluate the association of primary and diabetes care patterns during transition age with the risk of adverse events in early adulthood.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of individuals in Ontario, Canada who were diagnosed with diabetes aged < 15 years and who turned 17 between November 2006 and March 2011, followed until March 2015 (n = 2525). Using linked administrative databases, we examined healthcare use during: ‘pre‐transition‐age’ (15 to < 17 years), ‘transition‐age’ (17 to < 19 years), and ‘early adulthood’ (19 to 26 years). The main outcomes were time to death or ketoacidosis and rate of diabetes‐related admissions. The main exposures were the gap in diabetes care and primary care visits during transition age.ResultsThere were < 6 deaths and 446 individuals (17.7%) had at least one admission for ketoacidosis during early adulthood. In all, 1188 individuals (47.0%) had a > 12‐month gap in diabetes care and 241 (9.5%) had no primary care visits during transition age. A gap in diabetes care of > 12 months and no primary care visits during transition age were associated with an increased risk of ketoacidosis or death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.66 and adjusted hazard ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.97, respectively).ConclusionsIn Ontario, Canada, where physician and hospital‐based services are universally covered, a high proportion of young adults with diabetes have insufficient care during transition age and this is associated with a higher risk of important adverse outcomes in early adulthood. Ensuring primary care involvement during transition may be a strategy to reduce morbidity.
Dissection of hepatic versus extra‐hepatic insulin clearance: Ethnic differences in childhood
Authors: Piccinini Francesca , Polidori David C. , Gower Barbara A. , Fernandez Jose R. , Bergman Richard N. 
Published: July 2018

AimsAdult African American (AA) women have one third of the hepatic insulin clearance of European American (EA) women. This lower hepatic (but not extra‐hepatic) insulin clearance in AA individuals is associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations. This study aims to understand whether impairment of hepatic insulin clearance is seen in AA individuals since childhood, possibly suggesting that genetic/epigenetic factors, rather than lifestyle only, contribute to this.Materials and methodsA total of 203 children (105 male and 98 female (55 AA, 88 EA and 60 Hispanic American [HA]; ages, 7‐13 years; mean BMI, 19 kg/m2)) underwent the frequently applied intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, General Clinical Research Center and Department of Nutrition Sciences. Glucose, insulin and C‐peptide levels were measured and hepatic and extra‐hepatic insulin clearances were calculated using mathematical modelling.ResultsFractional hepatic insulin extraction (FEL) was lower in AA than in EA children (mean (SD), 19% (20%) vs 33% (20%); P = 0.0007). Adjusting for age, Tanner stage and body fat, FEL was lower in AA than in EA children (P = 0.0012), and there was a slight sex‐related difference (FEL, 24% (10%) vs 29% (10%) in boys vs girls; P = 0.04). Extra‐hepatic insulin clearance did not differ with ethnicity (27 (12), 21 (12) and 24 (28) mL/kg/min for AA, HA and EA children, respectively; P > 0.05).ConclusionsAt a young age, FEL is lower in AAs than in EAs, which does not rule out genetic/epigenetic factors. These differences are related to hyperinsulinaemia and, over time, could possibly contribute to metabolic disorders in AA individuals.
Liquid Assets? the Short-Run Liabilities of Binge Drinking
Authors: Francesconi Marco , James Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe estimate the effect of binge drinking on road accidents, accident and emergency (A&E) attendances and arrests using a variety of unique English data and a two-sample instrumental variables estimation procedure. Drinking $10+$ units of alcohol in a single session increases road accidents by 18.6%, injury-related A&E attendances by 6.6% and arrests by 71%. The marginal increase from eight to $10+$ alcoholic units implies nearly 6,100 extra road accidents every year, 63,000 additional A&E attendances and 100,000 additional arrests. The externality per mile driven by a binge drinker is about five pence and the punishment that internalises this externality is equivalent to a fine of £22,800 per drunk driving arrest.