bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to improve stress regulation among traumatized youth in residential care: Feasibility study testing three game‐based meditation interventions
Authors: Schuurmans Angela A. T. , Nijhof Karin S. , Scholte Ron , Popma Arne , Otten Roy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimMany youth in residential care suffer from post‐traumatic symptoms that have adverse effects on a range of psychological, behavioural and physiological outcomes. Although current evidence‐based treatment options are effective, they have their limitations. Meditation interventions are an alternative to traditional trauma‐focused treatment. This pilot study aimed to evaluate three game‐based meditation interventions in a sample of traumatized youth in residential care.MethodsFifteen participants were randomly divided over three conditions (Muse, DayDream and Wild Divine) that all consisted of twelve 15‐minute game‐play sessions. Physiological measurements (heart rate variability) were conducted at baseline, post‐treatment and during each intervention session. Post‐traumatic symptoms, stress, depression, anxiety and aggression were assessed at baseline, post‐treatment and 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsPhysiological stress regulation was improved during the meditation sessions of all three interventions. User evaluations were in particular high for Muse with a rating of 8.42 out of 10 for game evaluation. Overall, outcomes on psychopathology demonstrated the most robust effect on stress. Muse performed best, with all participants showing reliable improvements (reliable change indexes [RCIs]) in post‐traumatic symptoms, stress and anxiety. Participants who played Daydream or Wild Divine showed inconsistent progression: some participants improved, whereas others remained stable or even deteriorated based on their RCIs.ConclusionsPreliminary findings show promising outcomes on physiology, psychopathology and user evaluations. All indicate the potential of this innovative form of stress regulation intervention, and the potential of Muse in particular, although findings should be considered preliminary due to our small sample size. Further studies are warranted to assess intervention effectiveness effects of Muse or other game‐based meditation interventions for traumatized youth.
Risk factors for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses in flat races in Japan (2005–2016)
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Takahashi T. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundExertional heat illness (EHI) is recognised in horses, but few reports have investigated its risk factors.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for EHI in racehorses participating in flat races in Japan.Study designDescriptive epidemiology and retrospective unmatched case–control study.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2016, veterinary records of horses diagnosed with EHI after flat races were reviewed retrospectively and data of the months from April to September were used for a case–control study. For each case, three control horses were randomly selected from starts between April and September. Race records of horses and estimated wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) indexes at the local meteorological observatory closest to the racecourse were investigated. To identify risk factors for EHI, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsOf 194 cases during the study period, 188 cases occurred between April and September. The highest incidence risk was in July (1.1 cases per 1000 starts, 95% confidence interval 0.84–1.45). In the final multivariable model, WBGT index, sex, race distance, age and bodyweight were associated with EHI. When WBGT index exceeded 28°C, the risk of EHI was considerably higher than <20°C (OR 28.5, 14.2–62.4, P<0.001). Compared with uncastrated males, geldings (OR 4.9, 1.8–13.3, p = 0.002) and females (OR 2.4, 1.5–3.7, P<0.001) were at high risk of EHI (P<0.01). Furthermore, races of >1600 m (OR 1.8, 1.2–2.8, P = 0.002), 4‐year‐old (OR 3.5, 1.6–7.9, P = 0.002) and ≥5‐year‐old (OR 3.9, 1.8–9.2, P = 0.001) horses and horses with low bodyweight (OR per 20 kg, 0.8, 0.7–1.0, P = 0.02) were associated with increased risk of EHI.Main limitationsThe median straight‐line distance between the racecourse and the local meteorological observatory was 14.2 km (range, 1.1–28.3 km). There was a lack of objective criteria of EHI due to the retrospective nature of the study.ConclusionsWe identified specific risk factors for EHI in racehorses. These results may be useful to the equine industry for reducing EHI occurrence in racehorses.
A multi‐centre cohort study investigating the outcome of synovial contamination or sepsis of the calcaneal bursae in horses treated by endoscopic lavage and debridement
Authors: Isgren C. M. , Salem S. E. , Singer E. R. , Wylie C. E. , Lipreri G. , Graham R. J. T. Y. , Bladon B. , Boswell J. C. , Fiske‐Jackson A. R. , Mair T. S. , Rubio‐Martínez L. M. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies investigating factors associated with survival following endoscopic treatment of contamination/sepsis of the calcaneal bursa are limited.ObjectivesTo investigate the factors associated with survival in horses with contamination/sepsis of the calcaneal bursae treated endoscopically and to describe the bacterial isolates involved in the synovial infections.Study designRetrospective analysis of clinical records.MethodsMedical records from 128 horses with contamination/sepsis of the calcaneal bursae treated by endoscopic lavage at seven equine hospitals were reviewed. A follow‐up questionnaire was used to determine survival and return to athletic performance. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards survival models were used to determine factors associated with survival.ResultsHorses underwent one (n = 107), two (n = 19), or three (n = 2) surgeries. Survival to hospital discharge was 84.4%. Univariable survival analysis revealed that administration of systemic antimicrobials prior to referral was associated with reduced mortality (hazard ratio, [HR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.91, P = 0.03). Increased mortality was associated with bone fracture/osteomyelitis (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.12–5.26, P = 0.03), tendon involvement (≥30% cross sectional area) (HR 3.78 95% CI 1.78–8.04, P = 0.001), duration of general anaesthesia (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, P = 0.04), post‐operative synoviocentesis (HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.36–7.43, P = 0.006) and post‐operative wound dehiscence (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.08–5.65, P = 0.04). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model revealed reduced mortality after systemic antimicrobial administration prior to referral (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.60, P = 0.002) and increased mortality with tendinous involvement (≥30% cross‐sectional area) (HR 7.92, 95% CI 3.31–19.92, P<0.001). At follow‐up (median 30 months, range 0.25–13 years, n = 70) 87.1% horses were alive, 7.1% had been euthanised due to the calcaneal injury and 5.7% had been euthanised for unrelated reasons. From 57 horses with athletic performance follow‐up, 91.2% returned to the same/higher level of exercise, 5.3% to a lower level and 3.5% were retired due to persistent lameness of the affected limb.Main limitationsRetrospective study and incomplete follow‐up.ConclusionEndoscopic treatment of contamination/sepsis of the calcaneal bursae has an 84% survival rate to hospital discharge. Tendinous involvement reduced survival whilst systemic antimicrobials administration prior to referral improved survival.
Inflammatory mediators are potential biomarkers for extracorporeal shockwave therapy in horses
Authors: Chen J.‐W. , Stefanovski D. , Haughan J. , Jiang Z. , Boston R. , Soma L. R. , Robinson M. A. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) can potentially mask painful injuries in equine athletes. Tests to detect whether a horse has received ESWT prior to competition are needed. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is known to affect inflammatory mediators in other species, and if these mediators are altered in the horse, these could serve as biomarkers of ESWT.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that a single application of ESWT will alter the circulating protein concentrations of 10 inflammatory mediators in horse plasma.Study designProspective repeated measures experimental study.MethodsEleven healthy horses were administered a single dose of ESWT on the dorsal surface of proximal MCIII. Blood samples were collected at −168, −144, −120, −96, −72, −70, −68, −66, −48, −24, −6, −4, −2, 0 h before and 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 336 and 504 h after ESWT. Plasma concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐15, interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), soluble toll‐like receptor 2 (sTLR2) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were measured to assess the effects of ESWT on these mediators.ResultsBaseline concentrations of inflammatory mediators did not change substantially during the week prior to ESWT. Plasma concentrations of five inflammatory factors changed following ESWT. IL‐1β and IL‐6 were significantly down‐regulated (P<0.01), while TNF‐α, IL‐1RA and TLR2 were significantly up‐regulated (P<0.01). The remaining cytokines were not significantly affected by ESWT.Main limitationsThis study was performed in a small number of sedentary, healthy pasture‐kept horses using a single dose of ESWT applied to a single location. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of ESWT on inflammatory mediators in athletic horses undergoing treatment for musculoskeletal injuries.ConclusionsPlasma concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐1RA, IL‐6 and TLR2 were significantly affected by ESWT, and deserve further investigation as possible biomarkers of ESWT.
Fatigue design of welded double‐sided T‐joints and double‐sided cruciform joints in steel marine structures: A total stress concept
Authors: Qin Yanxin , den Besten Henk , Palkar Saloni , Kaminski Miroslaw Lech 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFatigue is a governing design limit state for marine structures. Welded joints are important in that respect. The weld notch stress (intensity) distributions contain essential information and formulations have been established to obtain a total stress fatigue damage criterion and corresponding fatigue resistance curve; a total stress concept. However, the involved weld load carrying stress model does not provide the required estimates and trends for varying geometry dimensions and loading & response combinations. A new one has been developed and performance evaluation for T‐joints and cruciform joints in steel marine structures shows that in comparison with the nominal stress, hot spot structural stress and effective notch stress concept based results up to 50% more accurate fatigue design life time estimates can be obtained. Taking advantage of the weld notch stress formulations, the effective notch stress concept performance has improved adopting a stress‐averaged criterion rather than a fictitious notch radius‐based one.
Evaluating functional diversity conservation for freshwater fishes resulting from terrestrial protected areas
Authors: Lamothe Karl A. , Alofs Karen M. , Chu Cindy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Protected areas are one of the hammers in conservation toolkits, yet few protected areas exist that were designed to protect freshwater ecosystems. This is problematic as freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened systems on earth. Nonetheless, terrestrial protected areas (TPAs) may afford spill‐over benefits to freshwater ecosystems included within their boundaries, but evaluations of these potential benefits for the protection of freshwater fish diversity are lacking.

Using fish community data from 175 lakes inside, outside, or bordering TPAs in Ontario, Canada, we sought to determine if TPAs preserve fish functional diversity. We focused on functional diversity because previous work indicated no taxonomic differences between these lakes, but a difference in normalised‐length size‐spectra slopes inside versus outside TPAs (indicator of unique predator–prey ratios and trophic energy transfer). We expected that communities inside TPAs would show greater functional diversity (i.e. functional dispersion and functional richness) and have more extreme trait combinations (i.e. functional divergence) than communities outside or bordering TPAs. We also tested for differences in the rarity of species‐specific functional traits between fish communities inside, outside, or bordering TPAs, between thermal guilds, and across average body size and overall prevalence of the species.

Our results indicated no significant differences in functional diversity among lake fish communities inside, outside, or bordering TPAs. However, fish communities inside TPAs had more extreme trait combinations than outside TPAs because abundant species in lake communities outside TPAs had more ubiquitous trait combinations than abundant fishes inside TPAs.

Small‐bodied species showed greater functional rarity than large‐bodied species, indicating that small‐bodied fishes fill functionally unique roles while the most prevalent, large‐bodied species possess a more generalist set of traits.

Overall, the similarity of functional diversity metrics for lake fish communities inside, outside, or bordering TPAs in Ontario suggests that TPAs capture the functional diversity of Ontario's lake fish communities. However, we encourage similar evaluations in regions where environmental conditions and stressors are more distinct across TPA boundaries than they are in Ontario, as these types of evaluations will inform guidelines for the design of freshwater protected areas and monitoring of their effectiveness in the future.
Potential of biotechnological conversion of lignocellulose hydrolyzates by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as a model organism for a bio‐based economy
Authors: Horlamus Felix , Wang Yan , Steinbach David , Vahidinasab Maliheh , Wittgens Andreas , Rosenau Frank , Henkel Marius , Hausmann Rudolf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLignocellulose‐derived hydrolyzates typically display a high degree of variation depending on applied biomass source material as well as process conditions. Consequently, this typically results in variable composition such as different sugar concentrations as well as degree and the presence of inhibitors formed during hydrolysis. These key obstacles commonly limit its efficient use as a carbon source for biotechnological conversion. The gram‐negative soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a promising candidate for a future lignocellulose‐based biotechnology process due to its robustness and versatile metabolism. Recently, P. putida KT2440_xylAB which was able to metabolize the hemicellulose (HC) sugars, xylose and arabinose, was developed and characterized. Building on this, the intent of the study was to evaluate different lignocellulose hydrolyzates as platform substrates for P. putida KT2440 as a model organism for a bio‐based economy. Firstly, hydrolyzates of different origins were evaluated as potential carbon sources by cultivation experiments and determination of cell growth and sugar consumption. Secondly, the content of major toxic substances in cellulose and HC hydrolyzates was determined and their inhibitory effect on bacterial growth was characterized. Thirdly, fed‐batch bioreactor cultivations with hydrolyzate as the carbon source were characterized and a diauxic‐like growth behavior with regard to different sugars was revealed. In this context, a feeding strategy to overcome the diauxic‐like growth behavior preventing accumulation of sugars is proposed and presented. Results obtained in this study represent a first step and proof‐of‐concept toward establishing lignocellulose hydrolyzates as platform substrates for a bio‐based economy.
Host assemblage and environment shape β‐diversity of freshwater parasites across diverse taxa at a continental scale
Authors: Berkhout Boris W. , Borregaard Michael K. , Brandl Roland , Brändle Martin , Dehling D. Matthias , Hof Christian , Poulin Robert , Thieltges David W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimPositive relationships in compositional similarity between consumer and resource assemblages are widely known in free‐living taxa, but less is known about parasites and their hosts. We investigated whether congruent patterns of assemblage similarity across diverse taxa of hosts and parasites exist at a continental scale and quantified the relative importance of host assemblages and environmental variables in shaping these relationships.LocationEuropean freshwaters.Major taxa studiedThe hosts were fishes, birds and mammals. The parasites were monogeneans, trematodes and copepods.MethodsWe extracted distribution data from the Limnofauna Europaea for three aquatic parasite taxa and for three vertebrate taxa functioning as their definitive hosts across 25 biogeographical regions in Europe. First, we investigated β‐diversity congruence patterns between parasite and host assemblages, corrected for the distance between regions using partial Mantel tests. Second, we assessed the relative importance of host assemblages and environmental variables in shaping parasite β‐diversity patterns using generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs).ResultsSpatial community dissimilarities of regional parasite assemblages were positively correlated with those of their respective host assemblages in all five parasite–host groups studied. The GDMs highlighted the equal importance of both host assemblages and environmental variables in shaping parasite assemblages. However, the direct effect of host assemblages was relatively small compared with the effect of environmental factors mediated by host assemblages. Climatic parameters (precipitation and temperature) contributed most to the variance explained by environmental variables.Main conclusionsOur analyses indicate that spatially congruent patterns of assemblage similarity exist between parasites and their hosts at a continental scale. They also suggest that this congruence is driven not only by host assemblages but also by environmental (climatic) variables, either directly or indirectly via their effects on host assemblages. Thus, environmental variables are important for mapping, forecasting and management of parasites at a geographical scale.
Histopathological evaluation of minor salivary gland papillary–cystic tumours: focus on genetic alterations in sialadenoma papilliferum and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Nakaguro Masato , Urano Makoto , Ogawa Ikuko , Hirai Hideaki , Yamamoto Yoshinari , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Tanigawa Maki , Matsubayashi Jun , Hirano Hiroshi , Shibahara Junji , Tada Yuichiro , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Okada Yasuo , Sato Yuichiro , Ikeda Kenichiro , Sukeda Aoi , Honda Yumi , Mikami Yoshiki , Nagao Toshitaka 
Published: September 2019

AimsMinor salivary gland tumours showing a predominant papillary–cystic structure are rare, and constitute a mixture of various types of neoplasm; thus, the histopathological assessment of these tumours poses a significant diagnostic challenge. We aimed to delineate the histological characteristics of these tumours and further mutational aspects with a particular focus on sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN).Methods and resultsWe retrieved 28 papillary–cystic tumours of the minor salivary glands, and performed histological re‐evaluation and mutation analyses of several key oncogenes. The histological classifications were as follows: SP (n = 10), SP‐like intraductal papillary tumour (SP‐IPT) (n = 2), IPMN (n = 9), intraductal papilloma, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma (two, three and two respectively). Whereas SP typically consisted of a combination of exophytic squamous epithelium and endophytic intraductal papillary infoldings, SP‐IPT lacked the exophytic component. SP and SP‐IPT frequently harboured BRAF V600E mutations (75.0%), which were identified in both squamous and ductal components. IPMN was characterised by a well‐demarcated cystic lesion filled exclusively with a papillary proliferation of mucinous cells and a high rate of AKT1 E17K mutations (88.9%). Intraductal papillomas were unilocular cystic lesions with intraluminal papillary growth of bland columnar cells. In contrast, both cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas showed a multicystic appearance with a papillary configuration. Cystadenocarcinomas invaded the surrounding tissue and were composed of markedly atypical tumour cells.ConclusionThe appropriate interpretation of histological findings and specific genetic alterations (e.g. BRAF V600E and AKT1 E17K in SP and IPMN) would be useful for the correct diagnosis of minor salivary gland papillary–cystic tumours.
Sunscreen claims, risk management and consumer confidence
Authors: Diffey B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis essay is a personal reflection on how the concept of risk is impacting on the development of sunscreen products and claims, and whether these developments are jeopardizing consumer confidence. In order to estimate the risk of harm, we need not only to identify a hazard but, as importantly, determine the degree of exposure to the hazard and understand the health of impact of consequent exposure. A practice by many manufacturers is simply to market a product that claims to be protective against a hazard with little, or no, regard to exposure or consequence. The inherent danger with this approach is to undermine trust in product efficacy and in so doing to put at risk consumer confidence in both product and manufacturer. An example of this approach using infrared radiation as the hazard will be discussed.
Introduction: Social security and the digital economy – Managing transformation
Authors: McKinnon Roddy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis special issue of the International Social Security Review considers the multidisciplinary topic of social security and the digital economy. The selected articles that comprise this issue offer a number of varying perspectives on the changing and increasingly complex environment in which social security institutions operate and critically assess not only how social security institutions are likely to be impacted but also how they may respond to the challenges foreseen. Social security institutions do not have control over external factors that can negatively impact the financing and coverage of social security programmes. Nonetheless, with the shift to the digital economy, the task at hand is to manage an unprecedented process of change. Though ensuring service continuity is the primary concern, also required are improvements in service delivery for all stakeholders and the development of responses to meet new operational challenges and emerging coverage risks. Particularly in more developed economies, the socio‐economic challenges that accompany the labour market changes associated with the transition to the digital economy are often characterized as presenting a risk of growing precarity. Regardless, the global policy goal remains one of ensuring sustainable and adequate social security protection for all.