bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native aortic versus mitral valve infective endocarditis: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Van Vlasselaer Abel , Rasmussen Magnus , Nilsson Johan , Olaison Lars , Ragnarsson Sigurdur 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNative aortic and mitral valve infective endocarditis (AVE and MVE, respectively) are usually grouped together as left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVE), while the differences between AVE and MVE have not yet been properly investigated. We aimed to compare AVE and MVE in regard to patient characteristics, microbiology and determinants of survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using the Swedish national registry on infective endocarditis, which contains nationwide patient data. The study period was 2007‒2017, and included cases were patients who had either AVE or MVE.ResultsWe included 649 AVE and 744 MVE episodes.Staphylococcus aureuswas more often the causative pathogen in MVE (41% vs 31%, p<0.001), whereas enterococci were more often the causative pathogen in AVE (14% vs 7.4%, p<0.001). Perivalvular involvement occurred more frequently in AVE (8.5% vs 3.5%, p<0.001) and brain emboli more frequently in MVE (21% vs 13%, p<0.001). Surgery for IE was performed more often (35% vs 27%, p<0.001) and sooner after diagnosis (6.5 days vs 9 days, p=0.012) in AVE than in MVE. Several risk predictors differed between the two groups.ConclusionsThe microbiology seems to differ between AVE and MVE. The causative pathogen was not associated with mortality in AVE. The between-group differences regarding clinical presentation and predictors of survival indicate that it may be important to differentiate AVE from MVE in the treatment of LNVE.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life among adults with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Sandtröm Anette , Sandberg Camilla , Rinnström Daniel , Engström Gunnar , Dellborg Mikael , Thilén Ulf , Sörensson Peder , Nielsen Niels-Erik , Christersson Christina , Johansson Bengt 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDue to improved care, the numbers of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) are increasing. However, long-term morbidity and need for reinterventions are concerns and also address issues of quality of life (QoL).MethodsPatients with ToF and valid EuroQol-5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) were identified in the national Swedish register on congenital heart disease. EQ-5Dindexwas calculated and dichotomised into best possible health-related QoL (EQ-5Dindex=1) or differed from 1.Results288 patients met the criteria and were analysed. Univariate logistic regression showed a positive association between New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I (OR 8.32, 95% CI 3.80 to 18.21), physical activity >3 h/week (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.66) and a better right ventricular function (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.02). A negative association between symptoms (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.42), cardiovascular medication (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.53), age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) and EQ-5Dindexwas observed. In multivariate logistic regression, NYHA I (OR 7.28, 95% CI 3.29 to 16.12) and physical activity >3 h/week (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.84) remained associated with best possible health-related QoL. Replacing NYHA with symptoms in the model yielded similar results.ConclusionIn this registry study, self-reported physical activity, staff-reported NYHA class and absence of symptoms were strongly associated with best possible health-related QoL measured by EQ-5D. Physical activity level is a potential target for intervention to improve QoL in this population but randomised trials are needed to test such a hypothesis.
A low dark count rate single photon avalanche diode with standard 180 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Guang , Zeng Hongan , Zhao Yuanyao , Chio U-Fat , Yuan Jun 
Published: February 2019

A single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) structure designed with standard 180 nm CMOS technology is investigated in detail. The SPAD employs a [Formula: see text]-well anode, rather than the conventional [Formula: see text] layer, and with a [Formula: see text]-well/deep [Formula: see text]-well junction with square shape, a deep retrograde [Formula: see text]-well virtual guard ring which prevents the premature edge avalanche breakdown. The analytical and simulation results show that the SPAD exhibits a uniform electric field distribution in [Formula: see text]-well/deep [Formula: see text]-well junction with the active area of [Formula: see text], and the avalanche breakdown voltage is as low as 9 V, the peak of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) is about 33% at 500 nm, the relatively low dark count rate (DCR) of 0.66 KHz at room temperature is obtained.
An Efficient Hybrid Self-Learning Intrusion Detection System Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Mohammadi Shahriar , Amiri Fatemeh 
Published: February 2019

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is an immunizing system that identifies the hostile activities in a network, and alerts the network administrator in case of detecting suspicious behaviors. Signature-based systems are the most common methods for intrusion detection, but however, they are not able to detect new attacks on the network. The main problem of these systems is to keep up to date the database of already containing known attack signatures. Neural networks have a high ability to learn and are generalizable. This study present as follow: A new intrusion detection system that is a hybrid of self-organizing map algorithm (SOM), radial basis function (RBF) and perceptron networks is proposed to solve this problem. For the first time, The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm is used to calculate the parameters of the Perceptron neural network. The proposed approach uses a hybrid architecture that tries to increase the quality of warnings. Signature-based systems using this method can detect new attacks as a self-learner. The results indicated better performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm compared to earlier methods.
TO901317 inhibits the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by LXRα/Glut1 decreasing glycometabolism
Authors: Xiong Ting , Li Zihan , Huang Xuelong , Lu Kaiqiang , Xie Weiquan , Zhou Zhigang , Tu Jian 
Published: February 2019

This study was conducted to observe the effect and possible mechanism of TO901317 in vivo and in vitro to provide a new basis for the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of liver X receptor (LXR)-α, glucose transporter (Glut)-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were analyzed from HCC public database (NCBI PubMed database). The result showed that LXRα was downregulated, whereas Glut1, PCNA, and MMP9 were upregulated in human HCC compared with normal liver. Furthermore, LXRα mRNA was negatively correlated with Glut1 mRNA. At the same time, HCC cells were cultivated in vitro and axillary injected in nude mice to establish the xenograft model. The xenograft in the TO901317-treated group was slower and smaller than the control group. The protein expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9 could be detected by Western blot and glucose level. As a result, TO901317 could inhibit the cell proliferation of HCC in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. With the increase of TO901317 concentration, the cellular glucose concentration and ATP level were gradually decreased. Western blot results showed TO901317 could upregulate LXRα expression but downregulate MMP9 and Glut1 expression. Transwell and wound-healing analysis confirmed that, by increasing the concentration of TO901317, the cell invasion and migration were both decreased. LXRα small-interfering RNA (siRNA) could relieve the suppression effect of TO901317 on the cell invasion and migration and the expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9. The glucose concentration was also raised. TO901317 could repress the progress of HCC cells by reducing the glucose concentration, upregulating LXRα expression, but downregulating the expression of Glut1 and MMP9. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This subject confirmed that TO901317, a specific liver X receptor agonist, could inhibit the progression of liver cancer through upregulating liver X receptor-α, downregulating the expression of glucose transporter-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and decreasing the glucose content in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells.
Interplay of spinal and vagal pathways on esophageal acid-related anterior cingulate cortex functional networks in rats
Authors: Sanvanson Patrick , Li Zhixin , Mei Ling , Kounev Venelin , Kern Mark , Ward B. Douglas , Medda Bidyut , Shaker Reza 
Published: February 2019

Esophageal acid sensory signals are transmitted by both vagal and spinal pathways to the cerebral cortex. The influence and interplay of these pathways on esophageal acid-related functional connectivity has been elusive. Our aim was to evaluate the esophageal acid exposure-related effect on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity networks using functional MRI-guided functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) analysis. We studied six Sprague-Dawley rats for fcMRI experiments under dexmedetomidine hydrochloride anesthesia. Each rat was scanned for 6 min before and after esophageal hydrochloric acid infusion (0.1 N, 0.2 ml/min). The protocol was repeated before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy on the same rat. Seed-based fcMRI analysis was used to examine ACC networks and acid-induced network alterations. Three-factor repeated-measures ANOVA analysis among all four subgroups revealed that the interaction of acid infusion and bilateral vagotomy was mainly detected in the hypothalamus, insula, left secondary somatosensory cortex, left parietal cortex, and right thalamus in the left ACC network. In the right ACC network, this interaction effect was detected in the caudate putamen, insula, motor, primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and thalamic regions. These regions in the ACC networks showed decreased intranetwork connectivity due to acid infusion. However, after bilateral vagotomy, intranetwork connectivity strength inversed and became stronger following postvagotomy acid infusion. Signals transmitted through both the vagal nerve and spinal nerves play a role in esophageal acid-related functional connectivity of the ACC. The vagal signals appear to dampen the acid sensation-related functional connectivity of the ACC networks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies show that esophageal acid-induced brain functional connectivity changes are vagally mediated and suggest that signals transmitted through both the vagal nerve and spinal nerves play a role in esophageal acid-related functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex. This paper focuses on the development of a novel rat functional MRI model fostering improved understanding of acid-related esophageal disorders.
Energy-saving walking mechanisms in obese adults
Authors: Fernández Menéndez Aitor , Saubade Mathieu , Millet Grégoire P. , Malatesta Davide 
Published: February 2019

Energy-saving mechanisms are used in human walking. In obese adults the energy cost of walking (Cw) is higher compared with normal-body mass adults. However, the biomechanical factors involved in this extra cost should result in a higher Cw. The aim of this study was to compare energy-saving walking mechanisms [i.e., mechanical energy saved via pendulum (Recovery) and maximum possible elastic energy usage (MPEEu)] and their influence on Cwin obese vs. lean individuals. The net Cw(NetCw), external work (Wext), Recovery, MPEEu, and gait weight transfer duration (gWT) were computed for 13 lean [L; body mass index (BMI) 21.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2] and 13 obese (O; BMI 33.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2) individuals during treadmill walking at five speeds (0.56, 0.83, 1.11, 1.39, 1.67 m/s). No significant difference was found between groups in relative (per kg of body mass) NetCw( P = 0.13). Relative positive Wextwas significantly lower at the three fastest speeds ( P ≤ 0.003) whereas Recovery was higher at the two fastest speeds ( P ≤ 0.01) in O than in L individuals. MPEEu tended to be lower in O than in L ( P = 0.06), with significantly lower values in O compared with L at 1.39 and 1.67 m/s ( P ≤ 0.017). gWT was significantly shorter in O than in L individuals at 1.67 m/s ( P = 0.001). The present results reveal that obese adults rely more on the pendular mechanism than on the storage and release of elastic energy for decreasing the amount of positive Wextand thus limiting the increase in the relative NetCw.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed that obese individuals had a lower maximum possible elastic energy usage per kilogram of body mass than their lean counterparts and they may rely more on the pendular mechanism of walking than on the storage and release of elastic energy for decreasing the external mechanical work and thus limiting the increase in the relative net energy cost of walking.
Oscillations in neural drive and age-related reductions in force steadiness with a cognitive challenge
Authors: Pereira Hugo M. , Schlinder-DeLap Bonnie , Keenan Kevin G. , Negro Francesco , Farina Dario , Hyngstrom Allison S. , Nielson Kristy A. , Hunter Sandra K. 
Published: February 2019

A cognitive challenge when imposed during a low-force isometric contraction will exacerbate sex- and age-related decreases in force steadiness, but the mechanism is not known. We determined the role of oscillations in the common synaptic input to motor units on force steadiness during a muscle contraction with a concurrent cognitive challenge. Forty-nine young adults (19–30 yr; 25 women, 24 men) and 36 old adults (60–85 yr; 19 women, 17 men) performed a cognitive challenge (counting backward by 13) during an isometric elbow flexion task at 5% of maximal voluntary contraction. Single-motor units were decomposed from high-density surface EMG recordings. For a subgroup of participants, motor units were matched during control and cognitive challenge trials, so the same motor unit was analyzed across conditions. Reduced force steadiness was associated with greater oscillations in the synaptic input to motor units during both control and cognitive challenge trials ( r = 0.45–0.47, P < 0.01). Old adults and young women showed greater oscillations in the common synaptic input to motor units and decreased force steadiness when the cognitive challenge was imposed, but young men showed no change across conditions (session × age × sex, P < 0.05). Oscillations in the common synaptic input to motor units is a potential mechanism for altered force steadiness when a cognitive challenge is imposed during low-force contractions in young women and old adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that oscillations in the common synaptic input to motor units were associated with a reduction in force steadiness when a cognitive challenge was imposed during low-force contractions of the elbow flexor muscles in young women and old men and women but not young men. Age- and sex-related muscle weakness was associated with these changes.
Abstract 581: Determining the Nuclear Transcription Factor Network Controlling Expression of the Cardiac Inotropic Factor S100A1
Authors: Busch Martin , Adrian Lukas , Guenther Fabian , Dieterich Christoph , Katus Hugo A , Boerries Melanie , Most Patrick 
Published: February 2019

Down-regulation of cardiac inotropic EF-hand calcium sensor protein S100A1 expression is a hallmark of human heart failure and drives progression and mortality. An AAV-S100A1 gene replacement therapy, which has been shown in preclinical models to rescue chronic heart failure, is in preparation for first clinical trials. However, the nuclear mechanisms that convey S100A1 gene locus silencing in the failing heart have not been determined yet. Given the steady increase of S100A1 expression in the developing heart until young adulthood and its decrease in the aged and failing heart, we developed a novel approach to decipher the mechanisms of S100a1 transcriptional regulation.
We performed serial RNAseq analyses in an in vitro cardiac differentiation model of H9c2 cells that displays robust concurrent S100A1 and e.g. sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2a) mRNA and protein during differentiation. Potential transcription factors (TF) were derived by computational motif analysis from S100A1’s gene locus regulatory elements that delivered more than 200 candidates. Subsequent computational TF footprint binding motive analysis from all differentially expressed transcripts of the serial RNAseq data provided a smaller group of less than 30 putatively TF families in the cH9C2 model that is actively during the in vitro biological process.
Additional comparative TF expression analyses with developing rat hearts then enabled subtraction of a final TF group of 10 members for RNA interference screens in the cH9C2 model using S100A1 RNA expression as a read-out. Using a siRNA-mediated TF knock-down screen, we identified a small group of TFs such as zink finger and coiled-coil TFs (e.g. KLFs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) TFs with an hitherto unknown ability to independently regulate S100A1 expression. Of note, other inotropic factors such as SERCA2a were found to be positively co-regulated by some of the TFs, such as KLFs, that enhance S100A1 expression. Further analyses were performed to confirm these results. In summary, we present a feasible computational filter and experimental strategy to identify relevant TF networks which we have successfully applied to identify cardiac regulatory networks.
Phylogenetic Classification of the Atlides Section of the Eumaeini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
Authors: MARTINS ANANDA REGINA P. , DUARTE MARCELO , ROBBINS ROBERT K. 
Published: February 2019

This paper provides the first phylogenetic classification of the Atlides Section (Lycaenidae: Theclinae, Eumaeini). It is based on a recently published morphological phylogenetic study, in which the Atlides Section proved to be monophyletic in all analyses. In particular, that study identified a hindwing cleft anal lobe in all members of the Atlides Section that is lacking in all other Eumaeini (except for some species of Panthiades Hübner). The included genera are Theritas Hübner; Arcas Swainson; Lucilda d'Abrera & Bálint; Pseudolycaena Wallengren; Brangas Hübner; Atlides Hübner; and Denivia K. Johnson. Each is characterized by synapomorphies. Margaritheclus Bálint and Dabreras Bálint are new generic synonyms of Lucilda and Brangas, respectively. We recognize 71 species. Distribution and habitat are provided for each, and nomenclature is updated. Atlides centralis Salazar & Henao is a new synonym of Atlides browni Constantino, Salazar & K. Johnson; Brangas contrastus Bálint is a new synonym of Brangas felderi (Goodson); Denivia grava Bálint, K. Johnson & Kroenlein is a new synonym of Denivia deniva (Hewitson); Denivia ponsanota Bálint, K. Johnson & Kroenlein is a new synonym of Atlides zava (Hewitson); Denivia striata Bálint, K. Johnson & Kroenlein is a new synonym of Atlides zava (Hewitson); Margaritheclus boliboyeri Bálint & Wojtusiak is a new synonym of Margaritheclus boliboyerus Bálint & Wojtusiak; and Theritas gozmanyi Bálint & Wojtusiak is a new synonym of Theritas paupera (C. Felder & R. Felder). New combinations are Lucilda margaritacea (Draudt), Lucilda danaus (C. Felder & R. Felder), Lucilda dabrerus (Bálint), Lucilda boliboyerus (Bálint & Wojtusiak), Denivia curitabaensis (K. Johnson), Denivia augustinula (Goodson), Denivia theocritus (Fabricius), Denivia augustula (W.F. Kirby), Denivia arene (Goodson), Denivia monica (Hewitson), Denivia hemon (Cramer), Denivia phegeus (Hewitson), Denivia acontius (Goodson), Denivia chaluma (Schaus), Denivia viresco (H.H. Druce), Denivia silma (Martins, Faynel & Robbins), and Denivia lisus (Stoll).
A Sea Level Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion Event Induced within a Thunderstorm Gust Front
Authors: Dreessen Joel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOzone from a stratospheric intrusion (SI) reached sea level in association with a thunderstorm gust front during the predawn hours of 16 April 2018. The event caused surface ozone concentration increases of 30 to more than 50 ppbv in a matter of minutes in a band from approximately Richmond, Virginia, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Peak hourly ozone concentrations reached 74 ppbv in northeastern Maryland despite absent photochemistry and ongoing convective activity. An intense jet stream with velocities >80 kt (41 m s−1) less than 1 km above ground level was observed associated with a deepening cyclone. Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), showed a filament of ozone with concentrations greater than 90 ppbv extending downward from the stratosphere to the lower troposphere. This SI filament became collocated with an ongoing severe squall line, and stratospheric ozone was transported directly to sea level when entrained into the squall-line gust front. Weather radar and in situ observations confirmed surface ozone increased with the thunderstorm gust front, while a concurrent reduction in carbon monoxide confirmed air within the gust front had stratospheric origins. While rare, such coupling events are important to troposphere–stratosphere exchanges and in overall atmospheric chemistry and climate. This may be the first event of its type and magnitude documented.
Severe Hail Fall and Hailstorm Detection Using Remote Sensing Observations
Authors: Murillo Elisa M. , Homeyer Cameron R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSevere hail days account for the vast majority of severe weather–induced property losses in the United States each year. In the United States, real-time detection of severe storms is largely conducted using ground-based radar observations, mostly using the operational Next Generation Weather Radar network (NEXRAD), which provides three-dimensional information on the physics and dynamics of storms at ~5-min time intervals. Recent NEXRAD upgrades to higher resolution and to dual-polarization capabilities have provided improved hydrometeor discrimination in real time. New geostationary satellite platforms have also led to significant changes in observing capabilities over the United States beginning in 2016, with spatiotemporal resolution that is comparable to that of NEXRAD. Given these recent improvements, a thorough assessment of their ability to identify hailstorms and hail occurrence and to discriminate between hail sizes is needed. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing observational radar and satellite products from more than 10 000 storms objectively identified via radar echo-top tracking and nearly 6000 hail reports during 30 recent severe weather days (2013–present). It is found that radar observations provide the most skillful discrimination between severe and nonsevere hailstorms and identification of individual hail occurrence. Single-polarization and dual-polarization radar observations perform similarly at these tasks, with the greatest skill found from combining both single- and dual-polarization metrics. In addition, revisions to the “maximum expected size of hail” (MESH) metric are proposed and are shown to improve spatiotemporal comparisons between reported hail sizes and radar-based estimates for the cases studied.