bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with older people with dementia: motivations and demotivations among health carers
Authors: Cheloni Sara , Tinker Anthea 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Motivation is central to the ongoing professional development, performance and retention of healthcare workers. Despite the increasing prevalence of people with dementia (PwD) and the associated demand for geriatric nurses, there exists a paradoxical shortage. The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivation and demotivation of healthcare professionals for working with older PwD, challenges faced, factors influencing intention to leave the field of work and methods to enhance staff motivation to continue working with this group.

Design/methodology/approach
This grounded-theory study used thematic analysis to synthesise data from 13 semi-structured interviews relating to the motivating and demotivating factors of healthcare professionals (nurses and healthcare assistants) for working with older PwD in a hospital setting.

Findings
Staff were motivated by previous personal experiences, personal characteristics and the fulfilment of the carer–patient relationship. Conversely, staff were mostly demotivated by organisational and working environment factors (e.g. poor leadership characteristics, inadequate staffing levels, lack of development opportunities), negatively influencing their intention to remain in employment.

Research limitations/implications
The generalisability of the results is limited by the size of the sample. Different organisational strategies/interventions (i.e. support, training, recognition and rewards) are necessary to nurture staff motivation, improve retention, create positive working environments and enhance patient care.

Originality/value
This study offers numerous ways in which to address factors contributing to demotivation in working with PwD, thereby helping to improve staff retention and support the needs of a growing population.
A comparison of seismic saltbody interpretation via neural networks at sample and pattern levels
Authors: Di Haibin , AlRegib Ghassan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSaltbodies are important subsurface structures that have significant implications for hydrocarbon accumulation and sealing in petroleum reservoirs, and accurate saltbody imaging and delineation is now greatly facilitated with the availability of three‐dimensional seismic surveying. However, with the growing demand for larger survey coverage and higher imaging resolution, the size of seismic data is increasing dramatically. Correspondingly, manual saltbody interpretation fails to offer an efficient solution, particularly in exploration areas of complicated salt intrusion history. Recently, artificial intelligence is attracting great attention from geoscientists who desire to utilize the popular machine learning technologies for evolving the interpretational tools capable of mimicking an experienced interpreter's intelligence. This study first implements two popular machine learning tools, the multi‐layer perceptron and the convolutional neural network, for delineating seismic saltbodies at sample and pattern levels, respectively, then compares their performance through applications to the synthetic SEAM seismic volume, and moreover tentatively investigates what contributes to the better convolutional neural network delineation. Specifically, the multi‐layer perceptron scheme is capable of efficiently utilizing an interpreter's knowledge by selecting, pre‐conditioning and integrating a set of seismic attributes that best highlight the target saltbodies, whereas the convolutional neural network scheme makes it possible for saltbody delineation directly from seismic amplitude and thus significantly reduces the dependency on attribute selection from interpreters. It is concluded that the better performance from the convolutional neural network scheme results from two factors. First, the convolutional neural network builds the mapping relationship between the seismic signals and the saltbodies using the original seismic amplitude instead of manually selected seismic attributes, so that the negative impact of using less representative attributes is virtually eliminated. Second and more importantly, the convolutional neural network defines, learns and identifies the saltbodies by utilizing local seismic reflection patterns, so that the seismic noises and processing artefacts of distinct patterns are effectively identified and excluded.
Towards a Contextual Definition of Rape: Consent, Coercion and Constructive Force
Authors: Dowds Eithne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper considers ‘consent‐based’ and ‘coercion‐based’ models of defining rape. It argues that the ability of these models to adequately protect against violations of sexual autonomy is dependent on their engagement with the broader circumstances within which sexual choices are made. Following an analysis of both models it is argued that attempts to contextualise consent and coercion are often undermined by evaluative framings that encourage scrutiny of the complainant's actions at the expense of engagement with the broader circumstances. This is particularly problematic where rape occurs as a result of non‐violent coercion and the victim does not verbally or physically demonstrate their lack of consent. The paper draws on United States military law and argues that the doctrine of constructive force, which has been used to deal with non‐violent coercion in these contexts, has the potential to progressively reshape our contextual and evaluative framings in domestic contexts.
Disodium Guanylate Alleviates Acute Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Via Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Jin Shao‐Ju , Liu Chen , Wang Rong , Guo Kun‐Peng , Huang Ya‐Nan , Li Pan‐Xin , Ma Yong‐Chao , Xu Song‐Tao , Ding Chang‐He , Zhou Jun‐Jun , Chen Fu‐Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatic injury is one of the most common digestive system diseases worldwide in clinic. Guanylic acid or guanosine monophosphate (GMP) was an important component of nucleotides, which is mainly in the form of sodium salt (disodium guanylate, GMP‐Na2). However, its effect on hepatic injury has not yet been investigated. This study is to investigate the protective effects of GMP‐Na2 on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and to explore its mechanism. The hepatic injury models of mice and HL‐7702 cells were induced by CCl4. The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) were determined by biochemical method. Hematoxylin–eosin staining were used to determine the morphological changes on liver tissue in mice. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results show that GMP‐Na2 treatment significantly decreased the activities of ALT and AST, and the levels of MDA as well as increased the levels of SOD, GSH‐Px, and T‐AOC. Importantly, GMP‐Na2 effectively enhanced the antiapoptosis function by upregulating Bcl‐2 expression and downregulating caspase‐3 and Bax expressions in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the histopathological changes of liver tissue were obviously improved after GMP‐Na2 treatment. These findings suggest that GMP‐Na2 has protective effects on hepatic injury, and its mechanisms may be associated with antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis.
Monitoring of 49 Pesticides and 17 Mycotoxins in Wine by QuEChERS and UHPLC–MS/MS Analysis
Authors: He Jia , Zhang Bo , Zhang Huan , Hao Lan‐Lan , Ma Teng‐Zhen , Wang Jing , Han Shun‐Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn effective method for the determination of 49 pesticide residues and 17 mycotoxins in wine by a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The target compounds were extracted with 1% (v/v) formic acid–acetonitrile, and no cleanup steps were required. The extracts were separated on a C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) with acetonitrile and water with 0.2% formic acid solution and ammonium acetate (10 mM) as the mobile phases under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The determination was conducted using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The analytes were quantified by comparison with matrix‐matched standard solutions. The good linearities were obtained in the range of 0.05 to 500.0 µg/kg, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.9935. The average recoveries of the 66 target compounds ranged from 69% to 119%, and the RSDs were in the range of 1% to 10%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.05 to 20.0 µg/kg. The method was proved to be rapid, selective, sensitive, and stable, and it has been applied to analysis of 64 wine samples.
Soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1‐enriched exosomes suppress the growth of small cell lung cancer by inhibiting endothelial cell migration
Authors: Hao Dexun , Li Yanshuang , Zhao Gaofeng , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) possesses anti‐tumor effects by inhibiting angiogenesis in many cancers. Exosomes can be engineered as delivery vehicles for transferring functional biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, and miRNA) to target cells to affect inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exosomes can function as efficient carriers of sFlt‐1 in vitro and in vivo, to play a role in SCLC therapy.MethodsWe adopted three different methods: TEM, NTA and western blot analysis to characterize the cell‐derived exosomes from NCI‐H69 SCLC cell line and normal bronchial epithelial BEAS‐2B cell line. we next explored the effects of these exosomes on HUVE cell proliferation and migration in vitro.To verify sFlt‐1‐loaded exosomes suppress the tumor growth in vivo,we established subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice using the NCI‐H69 cell line.ResultsWe observed that NCI‐H69‐exo significantly increased human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration compared to BEAS‐2B‐exo in vitro and in vivo. sFlt‐1 protein expression was statistically higher in BEAS‐2B‐exo than NCI‐H69‐exo. sFlt‐1 protein or sFlt‐1‐enriched exosomes can inhibit the migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, sFlt‐1‐enriched exosomes exhibited higher inhibition efficacy on pro‐angiogenesis of NCI‐H69‐exo in comparison with the same concentration of sFlt‐1 protein. Intriguingly, sFlt‐1‐loaded exosomes showed marked anti‐tumor activity by inhibiting the growth of NCI‐H69 tumor xenografts. CD31 staining revealed that sFlt‐1‐loaded exosomes significantly reduced the vascular density of experimental mice. sFlt‐1‐loaded exosomes markedly induced tumor apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation in mice.ConclusionExosomes from a SCLC cell line contain low levels of sFlt‐1 and significantly increased the migration of HUVECs. SFlt‐1‐enriched exosomes can inhibit NCI‐H69‐exo‐induced HUVEC migration. Exosomes enriched in sFlt‐1 have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents for SCLC.
Ecological specialization is associated with high conservation concern in skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes)
Authors: Barbini S. A. , Lucifora L. O. , Sabadin D. E. , Figueroa D. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentifying the ecological traits of threatened species may help to identify species vulnerable to exploitation and habitat loss, predict future declines in abundance and provide the basis for their conservation. We assessed the relationship of dietary and habitat niche breadth on conservation status of skate species (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes). We hypothesized that skate species with a narrow niche breadth have a higher conservation concern than skate species with wide niche breadth. Conservation status (IUCN), dietary and depth range data on 57 skate species were collected. Generalized linear mixed effect models were fitted with taxonomic level (genera nested within family) included as a random effect term in each model. In each model, body size of skate species was included as a variable because this life history trait is a known predictor of vulnerability. A model selection approach to test the level of support for alternative models was applied. Our results support the hypothesis that a narrow niche breadth is related to high vulnerability. Skate species with high probability of being of conservation concern have a narrow trophic niche breadth and a large body size. We conclude that dietary niche breadth together with body size may be an important trait to identify potentially vulnerable skate species. Conservation biology faces the challenge of identifying what species are vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors and to determine why this is so. The predictive value of our results may allow to know a priori which species should receive prioritary attention.
Multiple polymer plastination: Combining different types of polymers in teaching and exhibition plastinates
Authors: von Horst Christoph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVacuum forced tissue impregnation is the signature step of the plastination process. It requires polymers with a low vapour pressure, low viscosity and a long pot life. Plastination polymers are a compromise between these mandatory requirements on the one hand and various secondary demands such as specimen stability, resistance to UV light and defined light refraction index on the other hand. Combining different polymers in one plastinate instead of using one plastination polymer alone can result in improved specimens for exhibitions and teaching including hands‐on use for students. The aim of this study was to assess the range of possible sheet plastinate modifications and how the resulting multiple polymer plastinates can fulfil the secondary requirements of user‐friendly plastinates. Adding sub‐steps of tissue impregnation and processing to the standard plastination protocol allows combining different polymer properties including the use of substances which are not suitable for conventional plastination as such but have better properties than plastination polymers. Advantages like resistance to UV light and mechanical stability can be combined and characteristic disadvantages of plastination polymers can be avoided. Acrylic protection layers (APL) offer a complete protection of the specimen in combination with advanced presentation possibilities and the option of completely refurbishing valuable specimens. Hybrid sheet plastinates provide lower preparation cost and polymer–tissue interactions for an improved visualization of fat, nerves and brain tissue. Selective impregnation is a promising approach for the clearer differentiation of various structures and tissue types.
Clinical role of frequency‐doubled double‐pulse neodymium YAG laser lithotripsy for removal of difficult biliary stones in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration
Authors: Yang Tingsong , Ma Zhilong , Xu Bin , Sun Wei , Meng Hongbo , Liu Dalu , Zhou Bo , Song Zhenshun 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe optimal methods for patients with difficult biliary stones remain under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of frequency‐doubled double‐pulse neodymium YAG (FREDDY) laser lithotripsy for removing difficult biliary stones during laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE).MethodsBetween March 2013 and January 2015, 42 consecutive patients with difficult biliary stones who underwent LCBDE with FREDDY laser lithotripsy were included in this study. The clinical data of all patients were retrospectively collected and analysed.ResultsBile ducts were completely cleared in all patients. The complications related to laser lithotripsy were not noted. A total of 38 patients (90.5%) underwent primary closure of common bile duct, and T‐tube drainage was applied to four patients (9.5%). No bile duct injury, bleeding and perforation were observed. There were no post‐operative surgery‐related deaths. Bile leakage occurred in four patients (9.5%) with primary closure procedure, and all of them were managed successfully with conservative therapy. The median follow‐up period was 42.8 months, with no evidence of bile duct stricture and stone recurrence in all patients.ConclusionsThe LCBDE combined with FREDDY laser lithotripsy appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of difficult biliary stones.
What feeds shelf‐edge clinoforms over margins deprived of adjacent land sources? An example from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Schattner Uri , José Lobo Francisco , López‐Quirós Adrián , dos Passos Nascimento Jorge Luiz , de Mahiques Michel Michaelovitch 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn southeastern Brazil, the Serra do Mar coastal mountain range blocks the sediment influx from arriving at a ca. 1,500 km long continental margin comprising Santos and Pelotas basins. Despite this deprivation, the margin accumulated a ca. 1 km thick sedimentary succession since the Mid‐Miocene. Examination of seismic reflection and oceanographic data indicates that shelf‐margin clinoform formation exhibits a regional variability, with major sigmoidal clinoforms developed in the transitional area between both basins. Laterally, poorly developed oblique clinoforms constitute isolated depocenters along the shelf margin. The continuous clinoform development in the transitional area is attributed to the major influence on sediment transport patterns of several ocean bottom currents flowing along the margin, such as the Brazil Coastal Current, the Brazil Current and the Intermediate Water Brazil Current. These currents erode, transport and distribute sediments across the shelf break and upper slope from distant sediment sources located either north or south of the study area. The progressive southward strengthening of the Brazil Current could be responsible for a major southward sediment redistribution from the northern Campos Basin, and/or for sediment entrainment from northward‐induced transport by the Brazil Coastal Current, originally derived from the De la Plata Estuary. In the transition between Santos and Pelotas basins, the Intermediate Water Brazil Current splits forming the Santos Bifurcation, allowing for a continuous depositional process and clinoform generation. We suggest that ocean bottom currents may shape other shelf‐edge ‘contouritic clinoforms’ in continental margins mainly constructed by along‐strike sediment transport largely driven by long‐term geostrophic currents.
Discovery of novel PC‐PLC activity inhibitors
Authors: Zhao YanChun , Su Le , Li Kunlun , Zhao BaoXiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhosphatidylcholine‐specific phospholipase C (PC‐PLC) is one of the important members of phospholipase family which is capable of specifically hydrolyzing the third phosphate linker of glycerophospholipid molecules, releasing phosphocholine and diacylglycerols (DAG). It is a crucial virulence factor of bacteria contributed to cell‐to‐cell spread and leading multiple diseases in mammals. Moreover, PC‐PLC has a wide range of biological functions and involves in various cell signaling pathway, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. In this study, we have synthesized 2 chiral compounds ((R)‐7‐amino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin‐3‐ol, called R‐7ABO, and(S)‐7‐amino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin‐3‐ol, called S‐7ABO) and discovered their inhibitory effect on PC‐PLC activity which derived fromBacillus cereus(B. cereus) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Therefore, as two novel efficient PC‐PLC inhibitors, R‐7ABO and S‐7ABO might become favorable tools of antibacterial therapy inB. cereusinfection diseases and researching the function of PC‐PLC in HUVECs.
PepVis: An integrated peptide virtual screening pipeline for ensemble and flexible docking protocols
Authors: Ansar Samdani , Vetrivel Umashankar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeptide therapeutics is proven to be highly potential in the treatment of various diseases due to its specificity, biological safety, and cost‐effectiveness. Many of the FDA‐approved peptides are currently available for therapeutic applications. In the current postgenomic era, high‐throughput computational screening of drugs and peptides are highly exploited in peptide therapeutics for cost‐effective and robustness. However, there is a paucity of efficient pipelines that automate virtual screening process of peptides through integration of open‐source tools that are optimal to perform ensemble and flexible docking protocols. Hence, in this study, we developed a GUI‐based pipeline named PepVis for automated script generation for large‐scale peptide modeling and virtual screening. PepVis integrates Modpep and Gromacs for peptide structure modeling and optimization; AutoDock Vina, ZDOCK, and AutoDock CrankPep for virtual screening of peptides; ZRANK2 for rescoring of protein–peptide complexes, and FlexPepDock for flexible refinement of protein–peptide complexes. Benchmarking of ensemble docking through PepVis infers that ModPep + Vina to outperform ModPep + ZDock in terms of detecting near‐natives from LEADS‐PEP dataset. PepVis is built modular to incorporate many other docking algorithms in the future. This pipeline is distributed freely under the GNU GPL license and can be downloaded at https://github.com/inpacdb/PepVis.
Monitoring of diffusion properties and transverse relaxation time of mouse ischaemic muscle after administration of human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue
Authors: Skorupa Agnieszka , Ciszek Mateusz , Pilny Ewelina , Smolarczyk Ryszard , Jarosz–Biej Magdalena , Boguszewicz Łukasz , Krakowczyk Łukasz , Szala Stanisław , Sokół Maria , Cichoń Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesApplication of non‐invasive imaging methods plays an important role in the assessment of cellular therapy effects in peripheral artery disease. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the kinetics of MRI‐derived parameters characterizing ischaemic hindlimb muscle after administration of human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (hADSC) in mice.Materials and methodsMRI experiments were performed on a 9.4T Bruker system. The measurement protocol included transverse relaxation time mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. The monitoring period encompassed 14 days after femoral artery ligation and subsequent cell administration. The effect of hADSC transplantation was compared with the effect of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and phosphate‐buffered saline injection.ResultsThe most significant differences between the hADSC group and the remaining ones were observed around day 3 after ischaemia induction (increased transverse relaxation time in the hADSC group in comparison with the control group) and around day 7 (increased transverse relaxation time and decreased third eigenvalue of the diffusion tensor in the hADSC group in comparison with the control and NHDF groups) at the site of hADSC injection. Histologically, it was associated with increased macrophage infiltration at days 3‐7 and with the presence of small regenerating fibres in the ischaemic tissue at day 7.ConclusionsOur results underscore the important role of macrophages in mediating the therapeutic effects of hADSCs and confirm the huge potential of magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring of cellular therapy effects.