bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors That Influence the Choice of Academic Pediatrics by Underrepresented Minorities
Authors: Dixon Gabrina , Kind Terry , Wright Joseph , Stewart Nikki , Sims Alexandra , Barber Aisha 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Our objective for this study was to explore the experiences of faculty in academic pediatrics who are underrepresented minorities (URMs) at 2 urban medical centers, in particular, the experiences that influenced their pursuit of academic pediatrics.

METHODS:
Three focus groups were conducted in 2016 with URM faculty from Howard University College of Medicine and Children’s National Health System to explore how they were influenced to pursue academic pediatrics. Ten 1-on-1 interviews were also conducted in 2017 with URM faculty at Children’s National Health System. Focus groups were coded and analyzed by the research team using standard qualitative methods. The 1-on-1 interviews were coded and analyzed by the primary investigator and verified by members of the research team.

RESULTS:
A total of 25 faculty participated in the study (15 in the focus groups and 10 in individual interviews). Eighteen of the faculty were women and 7 were men. Findings revealed that mentorship, family, and community influenced participants’ career choices. Barriers for URMs in academic pediatrics included (1) lack of other URMs in leadership positions, (2) few URMs practicing academic pediatrics, and (3) the impact of racism and gender and implicit bias in the medical field.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mentorship and family are major influences on why URMs become academic pediatricians. Lack of URMs in leadership positions, racism, gender bias, and implicit bias are barriers for URMs in academic pediatrics. More research should be conducted on ways to enhance the experience of URMs and to reduce barriers in academia.
PENDEKATAN MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH DALAM PRAKTIK PEMBIAYAAN DI KOPERASI PETERNAK SAPI BANDUNG UTARA (KPSBU) LEMBANG
Authors: Nasution Ade Iskandar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The chairman of KPSBU took a solution in Annual Member Meeting to eliminate interest on their loan product in order to reduce bad loans and complies the concept of sharia cooperation. This research analyzed whether the maqâshid syarî'ah has been applied and become a solution to their problems. With descriptive-analytic methods, this research comes to the conclusions that KPSBU Lembang has been implements the maqâshid syarî'ah with dharûrriyat, hajiyat and tahsiniyat principles. Through the maqâshid syarî'ah implementation on financing/loan products, customers receive waivers since there is no loan interest, but the customer/member payment is based on profit sharing from the milk sale. Abstrak: Ketua Koperasi Peternak Sapi Bandung Utara (KPSBU) Lembang mengambil solusi dalam Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT) untuk menghilangkan bunga pada produk pinjaman dengan harapan dapat menekan tingkat kredit macet, sejalan dengan konsep koperasi secara syari’ah. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis apakah nilai-nilai maqâshid al-syarî’ah telah diterapkan dengan baik dan menjadi solusi bagi masalah yang dihadapi. Dengan metode deskriptif analitis, penelitian ini menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa KPSBU Lembang sudah menerapkan maqâshid al-syarî’ah dalam prinsip dharrû­riyat, hajiyat dan tahsiniyat. Melalui penerapan maqâshid al-syarî’ah pada produk pem­biaya­an/ pinjaman, nasabah memperoleh keringanan. Karena tidak dikenakan bunga atas pinjaman, melainkan bagi hasil berdasarkan hasil penjualan susu dari nasabah kepada koperasi
ISLAM NUSANTARA’s Perspective on JUSTICE IN POLYGAMY
Authors: Saebani Beni Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: A man is allowed to marry more than one woman with one important require­ment, have an ability to act fairly. The sources of Islamic law, the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah, do not explain in detail the procedures or techniques of fairness for polygamous husbands. However, in the Law No 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage there are articles governing poligamy, as in Article 4 and Article 5. Those provisions show that in the context of Islam Nusantara fiqh, polygamy is open to all men who want to marry more than one woman, but at once closed to a man who unable to the legislation require­ments. Through literature studies with jurudic-normative approach, this study found that Indonesia has its own approach to ensure that a polygamous husband can act fairly toward his wives. The article 4 and 5 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage proofing the intention. Therefore, the position of legislation as a result of Islamic Law transformation into national law becomes a concrete form of Islam Nusantara’s fiqh that has been applied in Muslim community life.Abstrak: Seorang suami boleh beristri lebih dari seorang dengan syarat memiliki kemampuan melaksanakan keadilan. Sumber hukum Islam, yakni Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah tidak menjelaskan secara rinci tata cara atau teknis melaksanakan keadilan untuk suami yang poligami. Akan tetapi di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan terdapat pasal-pasal yang mengatur prinsip keadilan secara yuridis dan teknis, sebagaimana pada Pasal 4 dan Pasal 5. Dengan ketentuan peraturan per­undang-undangan tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa dalam konteks fiqh Islam Nusantara poligami terbuka untuk seluruh pria yang hendak menikahi lebih dari seorang isteri, akan tetapi sekaligus tertutup bagi pria yang bermaksud melakukan poligami apabila tidak terpenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan perundangan-undangan yang ber­laku. Melalui studi literatur dengan pendekatan yurudis-normatif, penelitian ini mene­­­mu­­kan bahwa Indonesia memiliki pendekatan sendiri untuk memastikan bahwa suami yang poligami dapat bertindak adil terhadap istrinya. Pasal 4 dan 5 UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan membuktikan niat tersebut. Oleh karena itu, posisi legislasi sebagai hasil transformasi Hukum Islam menjadi hukum nasional menjadi bentuk konk­ret fiqh Islam Nusantara yang telah diterapkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Muslim.
SISTEMA RADICULAR DAS GRAMAS CULTIVADAS EM GRAMATURAS DE GEOTÊXTIL SOB IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL
Authors: Nascimento Thiara Silvestre , BÔAS ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS , SALOMÃO LEANDRO CAIXETA , FERRAZ ROBERTO BOTELHO , ARAÚJO VICTOR ROCHA 
Published: July 2019

A irrigação localizada tem sua importância dentro da agricultura brasileira, principalmente pelo baixo consumo de água em função da crise hídrica que o pais vem enfrentando nos últimos anos. O entupimento dos emissores, ocasionado pelas partículas do solo ou intrusão radicular objetivou avaliar diferentes gramaturas de geotêxtil na cobertura dos gotejadores instalados subsuperficalmente com uma lâmina física no cultivo de gramas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), com oito tratamentos: T1 sem geotêxtil, T2 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N26.1), T3 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N30.1) e T4 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N40.1), com cinco repetições, e duas gramíneas, totalizando 40 unidades. Observou-se que as espécies de gramas cultivadas não apresentaram resultados significativos ao analisar as imagens pelo WinRhizo, em número de raízes, comprimento e volume entre espécies e tratamentos aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 (DAP). A massa fresca avaliada das aparas apresentaram resultados significativos entre tratamentos e não entre espécies, sendo a gramatura N.30 superior aos demais resultados. Não houve nenhuma raiz aderida nos emissores.

Palavras-chave: gramado ornamental, gramado esportivo, irrigação localizada, irrigação por gotejamento
Tissue-Resident Macrophages Promote Renal Cystic Disease
Authors: Zimmerman Kurt A. , Song Cheng J. , Li Zhang , Lever Jeremie M. , Crossman David K. , Rains Addison , Aloria Ernald J. , Gonzalez Nancy M. , Bassler John R. , Zhou Juling , Crowley Michael R. , Revell Dustin Z. , Yan Zhaoqi , Shan Dan , Benveniste Etty N. , George James F. , Mrug Michal , Yoder Bradley K. 
Published: July 2019

Significance StatementDisruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12–14 in mice or renal injury in adult mice with cilia dysfunction results in accelerated renal cyst formation. Macrophages have been implicated in promoting cyst formation; however, it is unclear whether infiltrating bone marrow-derived or kidney resident macrophages are responsible. The authors show that a specific population of juvenile-like resident macrophages are present during periods of accelerated cyst formation. Inhibition of juvenile-like resident macrophage accumulation using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitor reduced the severity of cystic disease in two different animal models of cystic disease. These results suggest resident renal macrophages contribute to cystic disease.BackgroundMutations affecting cilia proteins have an established role in renal cyst formation. In mice, the rate of cystogenesis is influenced by the age at which cilia dysfunction occurs and whether the kidney has been injured. Disruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12–14 results in rapid cyst formation; however, cyst formation is slower when cilia dysfunction is induced after postnatal day 14. Rapid cyst formation can also be induced in conditional adult cilia mutant mice by introducing renal injury. Previous studies indicate that macrophages are involved in cyst formation, however the specific role and type of macrophages responsible has not been clarified.MethodsWe analyzed resident macrophage number and subtypes during postnatal renal maturation and after renal injury in control and conditionalIft88cilia mutant mice. We also used a pharmacological inhibitor of resident macrophage proliferation and accumulation to determine the importance of these cells during rapid cyst formation.ResultsOur data show that renal resident macrophages undergo a phenotypic switch from R2b (CD11clo) to R2a (CD11chi) during postnatal renal maturation. The timing of this switch correlates with the period in which cyst formation transitions from rapid to slow following induction of cilia dysfunction. Renal injury induces the reaccumulation of juvenile-like R2b resident macrophages in cilia mutant mice and restores rapid cystogenesis. Loss of primary cilia in injured conditionalIft88mice results in enhanced epithelial production of membrane-bound CSF1, a cytokine that promotes resident macrophage proliferation. Inhibiting CSF1/CSF1-receptor signaling with a CSF1R kinase inhibitor reduces resident macrophage proliferation, R2b resident macrophage accumulation, and renal cyst formation in two mouse models of cystic disease.ConclusionsThese data uncover an important pathogenic role for resident macrophages during rapid cyst progression.
Significance of Width of Keratinized Mucosa on Peri-Implant Tissue Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fatih Mohammed , Zardawi Faraedon , Gul Sarhang 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant health is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on the health status of the peri-implant tissue.
Methods: Thirty-nine patients with one hundred fifty-seven dental implants with loading time ranged between 1 to 9 years were recruited. Clinical examinations included plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), the width of keratinized mucosa (WKM), buccal mucosal recession (MR) and radiographic bone loss (RBL). Statistical analysis was accomplished with bivariate Pearson correlation test and chi-square test. The result was considered statistically significant when the p-value was ≤ 0.05.
Results: The mean PI, BOP, MR and RBL were significantly higher for those dental implants with < 2 mm keratinized mucosa compared to those with more than 2 mm WKM. While there was no significant relation between PPD and WKM, statistically significant association between WKM and PI, BOP and MR were found, whereas, no significant relations were detected between WKM and PPD and RBL.
Conclusions: A significant association between WKM and peri-implant tissue health was found. Dental implants with a sufficient WKM >2mm facilitate better oral hygiene measures and better peri-implant health. The augmentation of mucosal tissue for those dental implants with insufficient WKM can provide better prognosis and may extend the life expectancy of the implant.
Seismicity of the Arctic in the Early Twentieth Century: Relocation of the 1904–1920 Earthquakes
Authors: Morozov Alexey N. , Vaganova Natalya V. , Shakhova Evgeniya V. , Konechnaya Yana V. , Asming Vladimir E. , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Evtyugina Zinaida A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The parameters of earthquake hypocenters in the Arctic at the beginning of the twentieth century, published by researchers in the first half of the twentieth century, are still used today for building maps of epicenters of instrumental earthquakes. However, they are based on bulletins that did not use data from all seismic stations operating during that period, and on approximate ideas about the propagation of seismic waves in the Earth. We relocated earthquakes recorded within the Arctic region beginning from the early twentieth century with a view to creating a relocated catalog. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins from the global network using data acquired for the International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model (ISC-GEM) catalog, the EuroSeismos project, the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian State Library. The relocation was performed using a modified method of generalized beamforming and the ak135 velocity model. The relocation procedure was applied to 18 of 25 earthquakes in the Arctic region. The new coordinates of some earthquakes turned out to be significantly different from those that were determined previously. As a result, this may have a significant impact on the final seismic hazard assessment of the territory of the Severnaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land archipelagoes, which are characterized by weak seismicity. Most of the relocated earthquake epicenters are confined to major seismic zones in the Arctic, namely, mid-ocean ridges, the Svalbard Archipelago, and the Laptev Sea shelf. One earthquake, that of 14 October 1914 with magnitude Mw(ISC-GEM)=6.6, occurred in the shelf of the Barents Sea in the “continent–ocean” transition zone near the Franz Victoria graben.
Hubungan kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia
Authors: Miranda Atikah Ayu , Alvina Alvina 
Published: July 2019

LATAR BELAKANG
Gangguan kognitif adalah gangguan dari kemampuan kognitif yang meliputi atensi, kalkulasi, visuospasial, bahasa, memori dan eksekutif yang dapat dijumpai akibat proses degeneratif (penuaan). Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolisme purin yang juga disebut sebagai penyumbang antioksidan plasma sehingga dapat mengurangi stres oksidatif dan melindungi dari radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar asam urat darah dengan fungsi kognitif.
METODE
Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang mengikutsertakan 95 lansia di Posbindu Kelurahan Tomang Jakarta Barat. Kriteria inklusi adalah pria dan wanita usia 60-90 tahun, kesadaran kompos mentis, dan dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik. Kriteria eksklusi adalah terdapat riwayat trauma kepala, stroke, tumor otak, kejang, meningitis serta mengonsumsi obat yang dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kadar asam urat darah (allopurinol), probenesid. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus - Oktober 2018. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran kadar asam urat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat easy touch blood uric acid test strips, sedangkan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dilakukan dengan kuesioner mini mental state examination (MMSE). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0.05.
HASIL
Mayoritas responden adalah perempuan dengan rentang usia 60-74 tahun. Terdapat hubungan kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia (p=0.000). Selain itu juga diperlihatkan bahwa lansia yang memiliki kadar asam urat yang meningkat memiliki fungsi kognitif yang lebih baik.
KESIMPULAN
Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.
The assess of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Aggarwal Monica , Rathor Varsha 
Published: July 2019

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs often associated with inappropriate use leading to resistance. While knowledge enlightens and provides an insight into the problems faced, behavioral change solely depends on the beliefs and attitude. Aim of this study to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antimicrobial prescribing among prescribers in a teaching tertiary care hospitalMethods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad. after Ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Design of this study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire of 30 questions was provided to Junior residents, Senior residents and Faculty of different specialties and response was recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 10 questions each in knowledge, attitude and practice section.Results: Out of 132 prescribers 86.5% believed that irrational practice will cause global resistant development. majority (92.3%) were expressing the need that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics but only 69.2 % were of the opinion that culture and sensitivity should be done in all infections and 92.3% were expressing the view that hospital antibiotics policy is useful in reducing AMR.Conclusions: The present survey on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational interventions that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of resistance.
PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE EVERYONE IS A TEACHER HERE (ETH) PADA POKOK BAHASAN REAKSI OKSIDASI REDUKSI DI KELAS X SMA
Authors: Olensia Yeva 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan reaksi oksidasi reduksi, hal ini disebabkan karena rendahnya keaktifan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa adalah dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH) dan pembelajaran konvensional pada pokok bahasan reaksi oksidasi reduksi di kelas X di SMAN 1 Gunung Talang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain Randomized Control-Group Posttest Only Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa kelas X semester II SMAN 1 Gunung Talang pada tahun ajaran 2010/2011. Sampel dari penelitian diambil dengan teknik Random Sampling. Sebagai kelas eksperimen adalah kelas SKU dan kelas kontrol adalah kelas SSN4. Hasil belajar yang diungkapkan pada penelitian ini berupa hasil belajar ranah kognitif. Uji hipotesis digunakan dengan menggunakan uji-t, karena sampel terdistribusi normal dan homogen. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH) lebih tinggi secara signifikan dari hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode konvensional. Setelah dilakukan uji-t pada taraf signifikan 0.05 diperoleh thitung = 4.51 dan ttabel = 1.99 (thitung > ttabel) berarti hipotesis diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang belajar dengan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Everyone is A Teacher Here (ETH) lebih tinggi secara signifikan dari hasil belajar siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional pada pokok bahasan reaksi oksidasi reduksi di kelas X SMAN 1 Gunung Talang.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DASAR TERINTEGRASI SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUE (SSI) DAN KEISLAMAN
Authors: Sholeh Moh Ismail 
Published: July 2019

Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia UIN Raden Fatah Palembang merupakan program studi di bawah kementrian agama yang memiliki tujuan yaitu mewujudkan lulusan sarjana pendidikan kimia yang menguasi konsep, teori dan praktek dalam bidang pendidikan kimia secara profesional serta mampu mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai ke Islaman. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, salah satunya diperlukan bahan ajar yang kimia yang inovatif, mudah dipelajari, memuat materi yang mendalam serta terintegrasi nilai-nilai ke-Islaman.. Oleh karena peneliti mengembangkan modul kimia dasar ang terintegrrasi niilai-nilai ke Islaman serta socio-scientific issue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui validitas modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (SSI) dan ke Islaman; (2) mengetahui efektivitas modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (SSI) dan ke Islaman; (3) mengetahui respon Mahasiswa terhadap modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (SSI) dan ke Islaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Model yang digunakan adalah pengembangan model 4-D. Hasil pengembangan media divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (ssi) dan keIslaman valid dan layak digunakan. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, dan media didapatkan presentase kelayakan isi 96% (sangat layak), kelayakan penyajian 96% (sangat layak), penilaian ssi dan keislaman 98% (sangat layak), kelayakan kegrafikan 95% (sangat layak) dan penilaian kebahasaan 97% (sangat layak). Selain itu, kelayakan juga diperoleh dari tanggapan mahasiswa uji skala kecil dengan presentase 94% (sangat baik) dan tanggapan dosen uji skala kecil sebesar 80% (baik). (3) Modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (ssi) dan keIslaman efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan N-gain dengan hasil 0.45 (sedang). Untuk Uji t dihasilkan dengan hasil perhitungan harga > (16,08 > 1,68) sehingga terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan pada hasil belajar mahasiswa. (4) Persentase respons mahasiswa setelah penggunaan Modul kimia dasar terintegrasi socio-scientific issue (ssi) dan keIslaman secara secara klasikal 85% (sangat baik).
Kata kunci:Modul, Sosico-scientific issue (SSI), keIslaman