bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bad news: Families’ experiences and feelings surrounding the diagnosis of Zika‐related microcephaly
Authors: Vale Paulo Roberto Lima Falcão do , Cerqueira Sheila , Santos Hudson P. , Black Beth P. , Carvalho Evanilda Souza de Santana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe rapidly increasing number of cases of Zika virus and limited understanding of its congenital sequelae (e.g., microcephaly) led to stories of fear and uncertainty across social media and other mass communication networks. In this study, we used techniques generic to netnography, a form of ethnography, using Internet‐based computer‐mediated communications as a source of data to understand the experience and perceptions of families with infants diagnosed with Zika‐related microcephaly. We screened 27 YouTube™ videos published online between October 2015 and July 2016, during which the Zika epidemic started, peaked, and declined. We identified three themes: (a) experiencing the news of a diagnosis of Zika‐associated microcephaly; (b) experiencing feelings and expectations of the ‘imperfect’ child; and (c) seeking to understand microcephaly to care for the child. We found that families experienced distressing feelings of shock, sadness, hopelessness, and pain, while dealing with emerging and sometimes conflicting information being transmitted by news outlets, uncertainty about the child's health, and healthcare providers’ lack of clarity to guide the family members. The ‘unknown’ factor of ZIKA was an additional stressful factor in the experience of the families.
Fiscal Rules and Financial Systems: Complements or Substitutes?
Authors: Fernández Juan Gabriel , Parro Francisco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study the effect of fiscal rules on a country's credit rating and their interaction with financial development. We build a rich set of panel data, which includes a novel index for the strength of fiscal rules. We find a positive and significant effect of fiscal rules on sovereign ratings. We also find that this effect is attenuated in economies with a more developed domestic financial system. Therefore, financial markets act as a substitute for fiscal rules in lowering the default risk assessed by credit rating agencies. This substitution effect between fiscal rules and financial development is mostly triggered through the monitoring and enforcement dimension of fiscal rules.
Parametric Identification of Multiplicative Exponential Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Carlson Alyssa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHarvey () first proposed multiplicative exponential heteroscedasticity in the context of linear regression. These days it is more commonly seen in latent variable models such as Probit or Logit where correctly modelling the heteroscedasticity is imperative for consistent parameter estimates (Yatchew and Griliches, ). However, it appears the literature lacks a formal proof of point identification for the parametric model. This paper presents several examples that show the conditions presumed throughout the literature are not sufficient for identification. As a contribution, this paper discusses when identification can and cannot be easily obtained and provides proofs of point identification in common specifications.
Sedation effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine and risk factors for sedation failure in young children during transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Liu Jianxia , Du Min , Liu Lu , Cao Fei , Xu Ying 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundSedation is often required for young children during transthoracic echocardiography. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine are two sedatives that are commonly used in children for procedural sedation, but they have some disadvantages when they are used alone.AimsThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the effects and safety of intranasal sedation with a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine during transthoracic echocardiography in young children and to analyze risk factors for sedation failure.MethodsAfter IRB approval, we retrospectively evaluated data on patients who underwent echocardiography between May 2016 and August 2017 utilizing a combination of dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg. We collected information including heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, sedation onset time, exam time, recovery time, and adverse reactions. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for sedation failure.ResultsSedation was successful in 2212 patients (96%) and took effect in 15.7 (IQR: 10‐23) min, while sedation failed in 92 patients. Cyanotic heart disease, history of sedation failure, history of congenital heart disease surgery, and fever were independent risk factors for sedation failure. Most of the patients in this study had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade of II to III, but no severe adverse reactions were observed.ConclusionIntranasal sedation with a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine is effective and appears to have an acceptable safety profile for young children during transthoracic echocardiography.
Isolation of amaranthin synthetase from Chenopodium quinoa and construction of an amaranthin production system using suspension‐cultured tobacco BY‐2 cells
Authors: Imamura Tomohiro , Isozumi Noriyoshi , Higashimura Yasuki , Miyazato Akio , Mizukoshi Hiroharu , Ohki Shinya , Mori Masashi 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBetalains are plant pigments primarily produced by plants of the order Caryophyllales. Because betalain possesses anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities, it may be useful as a pharmaceutical agent and dietary supplement. Recent studies have identified the genes involved in the betalain biosynthesis of betanin. Amaranthin and celosianin II are abundant in the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) hypocotyl, and amaranthin comprises glucuronic acid bound to betanin; therefore, this suggests the existence of a glucuronyltransferase involved in the synthesis of amaranthin in the quinoa hypocotyl. To identify the gene involved in amaranthin biosynthesis, we performed a BLAST analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis based on sequences homologous to flavonoid glycosyltransferase, followed by expression analysis on the quinoa hypocotyl to obtain three candidate proteins. Production of amaranthin in a transient Nicotiana benthamiana expression system was evaluated for these candidates and one was identified as having the ability to produce amaranthin. The gene encoding this protein was quinoa amaranthin synthetase 1 (CqAmaSy1). We also created a transgenic tobacco bright yellow‐2 (BY‐2) cell line wherein four betalain biosynthesis genes were introduced to facilitate amaranthin production. This transgenic cell line produced 13.67 ± 4.13 μm (mean ± SEM) amaranthin and 26.60 ± 1.53 μm betanin, whereas the production of isoamaranthin and isobetanin could not be detected. Tests confirmed the ability of amaranthin and betanin to slightly suppress cancer cell viability. Furthermore, amaranthin was shown to significantly inhibit HIV‐1 protease activity, whereas betanin did not.
Representative Legislatures, Grammars of Political Representation, and the Generality of Statutes
Authors: Tsarapatsanis Dimitris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article explores the claim that representative legislatures should create general legal norms. After distinguishing the requirement that statutes be general from the broader rule‐of‐law idea that law be general, I concentrate on the French constitutional tradition to argue that the plausibility of the claim turns on the elucidation of a set of social norms and understandings about the proper role of representative legislatures mediating between abstract ideals of the common good and local practices. I call these norms grammars. The article then briefly compares the French “Sieyèsian” with the US “Madisonian” grammar of political representation regarding the issue of the generality of statutes and concludes with a plea for an in‐depth comparative investigation into different such grammars.
Political Rhetoric Through the Lens of Non-Parametric Statistics: are Our Legislators that Different?
Authors: Iliev Iliyan R. , Huang Xin , Gel Yulia R. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe present a novel statistical analysis of legislative rhetoric in the US Senate that sheds a light on hidden patterns in the behaviour of Senators as a function of their time in office. Using natural language processing, we create a novel comprehensive data set based on the speeches of all Senators who served on the US Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in 2001–2011. We develop a new measure of congressional speech, based on Senators’ attitudes towards the dominant energy interests. To evaluate intrinsically dynamic formation of groups among Senators, we adopt a model-free unsupervised space–time data mining algorithm that has been proposed in the context of tracking dynamic clusters in environmental georeferenced data streams. Our approach based on a two-stage hybrid supervised–unsupervised learning methodology is innovative and data driven and transcends conventional disciplinary borders. We discover that legislators become much more alike after the first few years of their term, regardless of their partisanship and campaign promises.
Effect of CTLA4‐Ig (abatacept) treatment on T cells and B cells in peripheral blood of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Tang Quan , Ramsköld Daniel , Krystufkova Olga , Mann Herman F. , Wick Cecilia , Dastmalchi Maryam , Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Chen Yang , Mikes Jaromir , Alexanderson Helene , Achour Adnane , Brodin Petter , Vencovsky Jiri , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate in vivo effects of abatacept on phenotypes of T and B cells in the circulation of myositis patients in a sub‐study of the ARTEMIS trial. Twelve patients with paired frozen PBMCs before and after 6‐month abatacept treatment were included in this sub‐study where mass cytometry (CyTOF) was chosen as a technology to be tested for its utility in a real‐life clinical immune monitoring setting. Using CyTOF, the peripheral T cell phenotypes demonstrated considerable variation over time and between individuals precluding the identification of treatment‐specific changes. We therefore conclude that studies of patient cohorts displaying wide clinical heterogeneity using mass cytometry must be relatively large in order to be suited for discovery research and immune monitoring. Still, we did find some correlations with functional muscle outcome, namely positive correlations between the ratio of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells (CD4/CD8) in peripheral blood samples both at baseline and after treatment with muscle endurance improvement as assessed by the functional index‐2 (FI‐2) test. Our data suggest that the CD4/CD8 ratio in circulation at time of active disease may be a predictor of treatment efficacy in myositis patients.
Veteran Preferences for the Caring Contacts Suicide Prevention Intervention
Authors: Reger Mark A. , Gebhardt Heather M. , Lee Jacob M. , Ammerman Brooke A. , Tucker Raymond P. , Matarazzo Bridget B. , Wood Amanda E. , Ruskin David A. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe Caring Contacts intervention has been implemented with a variety of methodologies. The purpose of this study was to examine high‐risk inpatient preferences for the Caring Contacts intervention.MethodVeteran psychiatric inpatients (N = 154) completed an anonymous patient preferences survey to obtain feedback on Caring Contact methods such as message wording, preferred correspondent, frequency of contact, duration of the intervention, imagery, and mailing modality.ResultsEighty‐five percent of veterans Agreed or Strongly Agreed that they would like to receive Caring Contacts from at least one of the correspondent options, with inpatient or outpatient mental health counselor, or primary care physician most preferred. Example messages based on prior studies were overwhelmingly rated as caring and helpful; 84% believed that Caring Contacts could help suicidal individuals. Letters or postcards sent through postal mail were preferred over e‐mail or text messages. Participants most commonly thought Caring Contacts should be sent monthly for a period of a year.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that most high‐risk veterans would perceive Caring Contacts as helpful and caring. The results provide several practical, helpful tips for programs seeking to establish a Caring Contacts program.
Effects of biochar and slurry application as well as drying and rewetting on soil macro‐aggregate formation in agricultural silty loam soils
Authors: Grunwald D. , Kaiser M. , Piepho H.‐P. , Koch H.‐J. , Rauber R. , Ludwig B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBiochar application in combination with slurry might be an option to increase aggregate formation and organic carbon (OC) sequestration in agricultural soil. However, to assess the value of these management options for improving soil structure more precisely, naturally occurring effects of changing moisture on soil aggregation and feedbacks on organic matter (OM) decomposition need to be addressed. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the effects of biochar or slurry application on the amount of OC associated with macro‐aggregates and OM decomposition under different moisture conditions. Four silty loam sites in Germany were sampled, and the soil macro‐aggregates were crushed. We added biochar (53–250 μm) and slurry individually and in combination at two rates before incubating the samples under changing moisture conditions for 60 days. As well as monitoring CO2 fluxes, samples were analyzed for microbial biomass carbon, macro‐aggregate yields and macro‐aggregate‐associated OC. Biochar application decreased macro‐aggregate yields by 50–70%. However, the macro‐aggregate‐associated OC of treatments with biochar was similar to or greater than in treatments without, indicating biochar incorporation into these fractions. This was especially pronounced for biochar treatments with large volumes of slurry. Thus, slurry seems to promote the formation of biochar–mineral interactions. Drying and rewetting decreased macro‐aggregate yields and associated OC, being most pronounced for samples with biochar and slurry. In contrast to slurry, biochar typically did not increase macro‐aggregate formation. However, the combination with slurry could further enhance the suitability of biochar for carbon sequestration, although this might be less pronounced in soils experiencing frequent drying‐wetting cycles.
Trechos de Helena Vadia, uma performopalestra
Authors: Villanova Pamella 
Published: November 2018

Trechos da dramaturgia de Helena Vadia, híbrido de peça de teatro e palestra – uma “performopalestra” apresentada na defesa do mestrado em Artes da Cena, em 2014, pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). O espetáculo ultrapassou os limites físicos da universidade e dos edifícios teatrais e já se apresentou em diversos contextos diferentes, levando questionamentos sobre a rigidez de “ser mulher” ou “ser homem” e a violência consequente de tal compreensão assimétrica aparentemente imutável.
Palavras-chave: Dramaturgia, Estudos de gênero, Mito, Pesquisa em artes.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Costimulatory Molecules in Children With Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zahran Asmaa M. , Saad Khaled , Elsayh Khalid I. , Abdelmoghny Abobakr , Aboul-Khair Mohamed Diab , Sobhy Ali , Abdel-Raheem Yasser F , El-Asheer Osama M. , El-Houfey Amira A. , Alblihed Mohamd A. , Al-Neami Ibrahim 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the level of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on monocytes and their ligands (CD28) on T-lymphocytes in children with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: The study included 60 children with AR and 50 controls. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze MDSCs and the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on monocytes and their ligands (CD28) on T-lymphocytes. Results: The percentages of total and monocytic MDSCs and the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 on monocytes were significantly higher in children with AR than in healthy controls. In addition, the expressions of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+ were significantly elevated in AR patients. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the percentages of MDSCs were significantly elevated in AR children. Moreover, the expressions of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+ were significantly higher in children with AR.
The Forum…: Pictorial Stereotypes in a Projective Test
Authors: Greenberg Allan 
Published: November 2018

This article describes a study which measured brand associations with each of a matched set of verbal and pictorial stereotypes. Associations with each set of stimuli were far from being in one-to-one agreement. It is shown that a pretest to determine what the less frequently used pictorial stereotypes represent was called for before substituting them for the verbal stereotypes.
Differences in Food Buying Attitudes of Housewives
Authors: Trier Howard , Smith Henry Clay , Shaffer James 
Published: November 2018

This is an exploratory study of decision making in food buying which is concerned with the following questions: How do wives differ in their approach to food buying? Is the approach to food buying related to their perceived roles and their perceptions of self? Is there a relationship between the personality traits of the wives and their approach to food buying?
Galbraith's Wicked Wants
Authors: Boddewyn Jean 
Published: November 2018

The Neo-Puritanism of John Kenneth Galbraith would be quite relevant to times in search of a purpose—according to author Boddewyn— were it not for Galbraith's inadequate perception of the nature of wants and needs. The present author turns to the prosaic and lowly potato to show the difference between wants and needs. And he believes that another flaw in Galbraith's thinking is that economic concepts, such as marginalism and rationality, are applied to what are basically social and moral issues.
An 18th Century Plan for Business Education
Authors: Norwood B. J. Scott 
Published: November 2018

Can training for business actually be provided by schools? If so, what type of training is most effective? Should businessmen be trained as generalists or specialists? Questions such as these are not the special product of educational turmoil in our day and age. This article examines a little known but highly significant eighteenth-century document which points to the origin of the business-school concept, and affords a unique opportunity to see current ideological differences in historical perspective.
Advertising—A Critic's View
Authors: Warne Colston E. 
Published: November 2018

Has advertising degenerated into wasteful and sometimes deceptive promotion of brand rivalry? Since the author of the present article says, “Yes,” it might be well to point out that an old-fashioned but still valid tenet is that a good marketing man must always try to learn about and understand another person's point of view. In this article, originally presented at the 1961 Boston Conference on Distribution (Colston E. Warne, “Advertising—A Critic's View,” Boston, International Marketing Institute, 1961, pp. 61–65), the author maintains that present-day advertising is featuring the irrational and the irrelevant, and is often employed as a means of consumer manipulation. For a different point of view, see the article that follows this one.
Bayesian Statistics in Marketing
Authors: Roberts Harry V. 
Published: November 2018

Bayesian statistics points the way to an articulation of business judgment and statistical research in approaching marketing problems. We have always known that neither executive nor statistician is sufficient in himself, but now for the first time we have formal tools that show that the two can be brought closer together. This article shows how this may be accomplished. Also, see the succeeding article, “Bayesian Decision Theory in Pricing Strategy,” by Paul E. Green, pp. 5–14.
“Normal” Business Behavior and the Justice Department
Authors: Barron J. F. 
Published: November 2018

Antitrust indictments against business firms often appear to businessmen and the community to represent an unfair attack on normal business behavior by an “anti-business” arm of the government. The author examines the rationale for the enforcement of proscriptions against one form of business activity—price fixing—and concludes that where such behavior is concerned, considerations of “fairness” or “normality” can have no bearing.
Can Refusals by Respondents be Decreased?
Authors: Dommermuth William P. , Cateora Philip R. 
Published: November 2018

Accuracy in consumer surveys can be influenced greatly by the degree to which the interviewer is “accepted” by the persons he seeks to question. Can the refusal rate be cut and the degree of acceptance increased if respondents are contacted by letter or phone before the interviewer's visit? The authors report on an experiment designed to answer this question.
The Products Liability Problem
Authors: Hursh Robert D. 
Published: November 2018

The problem of fixing legal responsibility for product-caused injury or death comes before today's courts with increasing frequency. American courts have begun to look not merely at the product itself and the harm caused, but also at the way in which the product was advertised and especially how it was described in the advertising. It is implied, therefore, that improper advertising can be the CAUSE of injury. And this means that both advertising agencies and advertisers have serious moral and legal responsibilities to see to it that this does not happen.
Standardization of Advertising for Western Europe
Authors: Roostal Ilmar 
Published: November 2018

This article presents the principal factors pro and con as to the growth of standardized advertising practices in Western Europe. The author's presentations to the Fourth Congress of the International Advertising Association in Madrid in September, 1961, and to the Indiana University Second International Seminar on Marketing Management in Stresa, Italy, in July, 1962, have been brought up to date for readers of the JOURNAL OF MARKETING.
Rejoinders, Commentaries, and Specialized Articles Sales Promotion Effectiveness can be Measured
Authors: Ferber Robert , Adler Lee 
Published: November 2018

John H. Weber argued in a recent issue of the JOURNAL OF MARKETING that the role of sales promotion in making sales cannot be measured quantitatively, because there are too many unknowns in the market place. He contended that general economic conditions affect consumer response to promotion in unknown, unmeasurable, and unpredictable ways; and he made the same point for local market conditions, competitive reactions, and intra-company factors. The present author takes issue with Weber's views—he asserts that the effectiveness of sales promotion activities can indeed be determined, and that experimental methods can be utilized.
Marketing in Spain
Authors: Lewis Edwin H. 
Published: November 2018

The Spain of modern times has been an ultra-conservative nation in virtually every respect: economic, political, religious, and social. But Spain has attained some measure of financial and economic stability within the last five years, and now stands on the threshold of a new economic era. An efficient marketing structure will be a necessary concomitant of any real economic advancement. The author surveys the current state of marketing in Spain, and indicates some of the steps that will be required for the improvement of the Spanish marketing system.