bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Imaging of Actin Turnover Parses Early Stem Cell Lineage Divergence and Senescence
Authors: Mishra Prakhar , Martin Daniel C. , Androulakis Ioannis P. , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study describes a new approach to discern early divergence in stem cell lineage progression via temporal dynamics of the cytoskeletal protein, F-actin. The approach involves real-time labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and longitudinal tracking of the turnover dynamics of a fluorogenic F-actin specific probe, SiR-actin (SA). Cells cultured in media with distinct lineage factors and labeled with SA showed lineage specific reduction in the actin turnover shortly after adipogenic (few minutes) and chondrogenic (3–4 hours) commitment in contrast to osteogenic and basal cultured conditions. Next, composite staining of SA along with the competing F-actin specific fluorescent conjugate, phalloidin, and high-content image analysis of the complementary labels showed clear phenotypic parsing of the sub-populations as early as 1-hour post-induction across all three lineages. Lastly, the potential of SA-based actin turnover analysis to distinguish cellular aging was explored. In-vitro aged cells were found to have reduced actin turnover within 1-hour of simultaneous analysis in comparison to cells of earlier passage. In summary, SiR-actin fluorescent reporter imaging offers a new platform to sensitively monitor emergent lineage phenotypes during differentiation and aging and resolve some of the earliest evident differences in actin turnover dynamics.
All-2D ReS2 transistors with split gates for logic circuitry
Authors: Kwon Junyoung , Shin Yongjun , Kwon Hyeokjae , Lee Jae Yoon , Park Hyunik , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Jihyun , Lee Chul-Ho , Im Seongil , Lee Gwan-Hyoung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and black phosphorus, are the most promising channel materials for future electronics because of their unique electrical properties. Even though a number of 2D-materials-based logic devices have been demonstrated to date, most of them are a combination of more than two unit devices. If logic devices can be realized in a single channel, it would be advantageous for higher integration and functionality. In this study we report high-performance van der Waals heterostructure (vdW) ReS2 transistors with graphene electrodes on atomically flat hBN, and demonstrate a NAND gate comprising a single ReS2 transistor with split gates. Highly sensitive electrostatic doping of ReS2 enables fabrication of gate-tunable NAND logic gates, which cannot be achieved in bulk semiconductor materials because of the absence of gate tunability. The vdW heterostructure NAND gate comprising a single transistor paves a novel way to realize “all-2D” circuitry for flexible and transparent electronic applications.
Dynamic Bayesian network in infectious diseases surveillance: a simulation study
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Yue , Xiao Xiong , Lin Yun , Zhang Xingyu , Yin Fei , Li Xiaosong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe surveillance of infectious diseases relies on the identification of dynamic relations between the infectious diseases and corresponding influencing factors. However, the identification task confronts with two practical challenges:small sample sizeanddelayed effect. To overcome both challenges to imporve the identification results, this study evaluated the performance of dynamic Bayesian network(DBN) in infectious diseases surveillance. Specifically, the evaluation was conducted by two simulations. The first simulation was to evaluate the performance of DBN by comparing it with the Granger causality test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method; and the second simulation was to assess how the DBN could improve the forecasting ability of infectious diseases. In order to make both simulations close to the real-world situation as much as possible, their simulation scenarios were adapted from real-world studies, and practical issues such asnonlinearityandnuisance variableswere also considered. The main simulation results were: ① When the sample size was large (n = 340), the true positive rates (TPRs) of DBN (≥98%) were slightly higher than those of the Granger causality method and approximately the same as those of the LASSO method; the false positive rates (FPRs) of DBN were averagely 46% less than those of the Granger causality test, and 22% less than those of the LASSO method. ② When the sample size was small, the main problem was low TPR, which would be further aggravated by the issues ofnonlinearityandnuisance variables. In the worst situation (i.e., small sample size, nonlinearity and existence of nuisance variables), the TPR of DBN declined to 43.30%. However, it was worth noting that such decline could also be found in the corresponding results of Granger causality test and LASSO method. ③ Sample size was important for identifying the dynamic relations among multiple variables, in this case, at least three years of weekly historical data were needed to guarantee the quality of infectious diseases surveillance. ④ DBN could improve the foresting results through reducing forecasting errors by 7%. According to the above results, DBN is recommended to improve the quality of infectious diseases surveillance.
Rapid Discovery and Structure-Property Relationships of Metal-Ion Fluorescent Sensors via Macroarray Synthesis
Authors: Promchat Apiwat , Wongravee Kanet , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Praneenararat Thanit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA macroarray immobilisation of fluorophores on filter papers for sensing metal ions by in-situ reductive amination and carbodiimide coupling is reported herein. Chemometric approaches resulted in a rapid discovery of sensors that can synergistically discriminate up to 12 metal ions with great prediction accuracies. Covalently bound on paper, sensoring scaffolds that were synthesised from the macroarray format can readily be adopted as practical paper-based sensors with great reusability and sensitivity, achieving the limit of detection at low nanomolar level with some repeating spotting. Lastly, the discovered scaffolds were also confirmed to be functional as unbound molecules, thus paving the way for more diverse applications.
Possible increased critical temperature Tc in anisotropic bosonic gases
Authors: Treumann R. A. , Baumjohann W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA finite thermal anisotropy, if maintained for times longer than thermal relaxation times, may have a positive effect on the critical temperature in Bose-Einstein condensation of a dilute boson gas not in thermal equilibrium or quasi-particle fermi fluid consisting of spin-compensated electron pairs. It raises the transition temperature while increasing the condensate density.
Silencing RORγt in Human CD4+ T cells with CD30 aptamer-RORγt shRNA Chimera
Authors: Shi Xiaofei , Song Pingfang , Tao Shao , Zhang Xiaowei , Chu Cong-Qiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTargeting specific T cell subtypes and intervening in their function are emerging a critical strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here we report that an RNA CD30 aptamer was utilized to deliver short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to CD30+T cells to target retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), leading to impaired expression of RORγt and suppression of IL-17A and IL-17F. A DNA template consisting of CD30 aptamer and RORγt shRNA sequences was synthesized and was transcribed CD30 aptamer-RORγt shRNA chimera (CD30-AshR-RORγt). Insertion of 2′-F-dCTP and 2′-FdUTP was incorporated during CD30-AshR-RORγt transcription to increase its resistance to RNase. CD30-AshR-RORγt was specifically up-taken by CD30+Karpas 299 cells, but not by Jurkat cells which lack CD30. It was also up-taken by activated, CD30 expressing human CD4+T cells, but not by resting CD4+T cells. The RORγt shRNA moiety of CD30-AshR-RORγt chimera was cleaved and released by Dicers. Then, CD30-AshR-RORγt suppressed RORγt gene expression in Karpas 299 cells and activated human CD4+T cells. Consistently, silence of Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A and IL-17F synthesis with CD30-AshR-RORγt was demonstrated in activated human CD4+T cells from healthy donors and RA patients. CD30-AshR-negative control chimera and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-AshR-RORγt had no significant impact on the expression of RORγt or IL-17A and IL-17F. These data present a novel strategy for shRNA delivery using CD30 RNA aptamers to down-regulate CD30+Th17 cells and can be developed as a targeted therapy for treating Th17 cell mediated conditions.
Optical and Electrical Analysis of Annealing Temperature of High-Molecular Weight Hole Transport Layer for Quantum-dot Light-emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Young Joon , An Kunsik , Kang Kyung Tae , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Cho Kwan Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we introduce optimization of the annealing conditions for improvement of hardness and hole transporting properties of high-molecular weight poly [9, 9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-(3-methylpropyl)) diphenylamine] (TFB) film used as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL) of Quantum-dot Light-emitting Diodes (QLEDs). As annealing temperatures were increased from 120 °C to 150 °C or more, no dissolving or intermixing phenomena at the interface between HTL and Quantum-Dot Emission Layer (QDs EML) was observed. However, when the annealing temperatures was increased from 150 °C to 210 °C, the intensity of the absorbance peaks as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) measurement was found to relatively decrease, and hole transporting properties were found to decrease in the measurement of current density - voltage (CD - V) and capacitance - voltage (C - V) characteristics of Hole Only Devices (HODs) due to thermal damage. At the annealing temperature of 150 °C, the QLEDs device was optimized with TFB films having good hardness and best hole transporting properties for solution processed QLEDs.
Analysis of the 4q35 chromatin organization reveals distinct long-range interactions in patients affected with Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy
Authors: Gaillard Marie-Cécile , Broucqsault Natacha , Morere Julia , Laberthonnière Camille , Dion Camille , Badja Cherif , Roche Stéphane , Nguyen Karine , Magdinier Frédérique , Robin Jérôme D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFacio-Scapulo Humeral dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common myopathy, affecting 1 amongst 10,000 individuals (FSHD1, OMIM #158900). This autosomal dominant pathology is associated in 95% of cases with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the subtelomeric region at the extremity of the long arm of chromosome 4 (q arm). A large proportion of the remaining 5% of cases carry a mutation in the SMCHD1 gene (FSHD2, OMIM #158901). Here, we explored the 3D organization of the 4q35 locus by three-dimensions DNA in situ fluorescent hybridization (3D-FISH) in primary fibroblasts isolated from patients and healthy donors. We found that D4Z4 contractions and/or SMCHD1 mutations impact the spatial organization of the 4q35 region and trigger changes in the expression of different genes. Changes in gene expression were corroborated in muscle biopsies suggesting that the modified chromatin landscape impelled a modulation in the level of expression of a number of genes across the 4q35 locus in FSHD. Using induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC), we further examined whether chromatin organization is inherited after reprogramming or acquired during differentiation and showed that folding of the 4q35 region is modified upon differentiation. These results together with previous findings highlight the role of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat in the topological organization of chromatin and further indicate that the D4Z4-dependent 3D structure induces transcriptional changes of 4q35 genes expression.
Favourable outcome of pathologic downstaging by locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Deok Gie , Lee Jae Geun , Joo Dong Jin , Kim Soon Il , Kim Myoung Soo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNo distinct guidelines are available regarding the effect of pretransplant locoregional treatment (LRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging system. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of pathologic downstaging (PDS) by the exclusion of total necrosis after liver transplantation. We conducted a study of 326 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation between September 2005 and December 2016. Two hundred twenty-two patients received pretransplant LRT and 102 patients did not. Among the former group, 74 (33.0%) achieved PDS while 150 (67.0%) showed unchanged T stage after the exclusion of total necrosis. Five-year HCC recurrent free survival (RFS) of PDS group (85.1%) was similar to that of the no LRT group (88.8%) but higher than that of the non-PDS group (68.9%; P < 0.001). Based on T stage adjusted with total necrosis and PDS status, RFS was similar in the PDS T1 (82.4%) and non-PDS T1 (86.5%) groups. Non-PDS T2 cancers had worse outcome regardless of the Milan (P = 0.982) or University of California San Francisco criteria (P = 0.466). On preoperative examination, parameters like less than 1 viable tumor, less than 1 cm of tumor size, and less than 20 ng/mL of serum alpha fetoprotein were associated with PDS. This study showed that PDS by LRT was associated with favorable outcome in HCC patients after liver transplantation.
Systematic evaluation of library preparation methods and sequencing platforms for high-throughput whole genome bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Zhou Li , Ng Hong Kiat , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C. , Beck Stephan , Kim Changhoon , Chambers John Campbell , Loh Marie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), with its ability to interrogate methylation status at single CpG site resolution epigenome-wide, is a powerful technique for use in molecular experiments. Here, we aim to advance strategies for accurate and efficient WGBS for application in future large-scale epidemiological studies. We systematically compared the performance of three WGBS library preparation methods with low DNA input requirement (Swift Biosciences Accel-NGS, Illumina TruSeq and QIAGEN QIAseq) on two state-of-the-art sequencing platforms (Illumina NovaSeq and HiSeq X), and also assessed concordance between data generated by WGBS and methylation arrays. Swift achieved the highest proportion of CpG sites assayed and effective coverage at 26x (P < 0.001). TruSeq suffered from the highest proportion of PCR duplicates, while QIAseq failed to deliver across all quality metrics. There was little difference in performance between NovaSeq and HiSeq X, with the exception of higher read duplication rate on the NovaSeq (P < 0.05), likely attributable to the higher cluster densities on its flow cells. Systematic biases exist between WGBS and methylation arrays, with lower precision observed for WGBS across the range of depths investigated. To achieve a level of precision broadly comparable to the methylation array, a minimum coverage of 100x is recommended.
Chemopreventive Effect of Phytosomal Curcumin on Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in A Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Teng Chiao-Fang , Yu Chun-Hui , Chang Hong-Yi , Hsieh Wen-Chuan , Wu Tzu-Hua , Lin Jia-Hui , Wu Han-Chieh , Jeng Long-Bin , Su Ih-Jen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B X protein (HBx) and pre-S2 mutant have been proposed as the two most important HBV oncoproteins that play key roles in HCC pathogenesis. Curcumin is a botanical constituent displaying potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties without toxic side effects. Phytosomal formulation of curcumin has been shown to exhibit enhanced bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, and excellent efficacy against many human diseases. However, effectiveness of phytosomal curcumin for HCC treatment remains to be clarified. In this study, we evaluated chemopreventive effect of phytosomal curcumin on HBV-related HCC by using a transgenic mouse model specifically expressing both HBx and pre-S2 mutant in liver. Compared with unformulated curcumin, phytosomal curcumin exhibited significantly greater effects on suppression of HCC formation, improvement of liver histopathology, decrease of lipid accumulation and leukocyte infiltration, and reduction of total tumor volume in transgenic mice. Moreover, phytosomal curcumin exerted considerably stronger effects on activation of anti-inflammatory PPARγ as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory NF-κB than unformulated curcumin. Furthermore, phytosomal curcumin showed a comparable effect on suppression of oncogenic mTOR activation to unformulated curcumin. Our data demonstrated that phytosomal curcumin has promise for HCC chemoprevention in patients with chronic HBV infection.
Chlorantraniliprole against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): From biochemical/physiological to demographic responses
Authors: He Falin , Sun Shiang , Tan Haili , Sun Xiao , Qin Chao , Ji Shoumin , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Jiwang , Jiang Xingyin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major underground pest that damages many agricultural crops in China and other countries. A diet-incorporation-based bioassay was conducted to evaluate the sublethal effects of the novel anthranilic diamide chlorantraniliprole on the nutritional physiology, enzymatic properties and population parameters of this cutworm. Chlorantraniliprole exhibited signs of active toxicity against third instar larvae of A. ipsilon, and the LC50 was 0.187 μg.g−1 of artificial diet after treatment for 72 h. The development time of the larval, pupal and adult stages was significantly affected after chlorantraniliprole exposure, compared to the control treatment. Relative to the control treatment, chlorantraniliprole decreased pupal and adult emergence rates, fecundity and fertility and increased the proportions of developmental deformities, the adult preoviposition period (APOP) and the total preoviposition period (TPOP). Furthermore, compared to those treated with the control, A. ipsilon larvae treated with low doses of chlorantraniliprole decreased food utilization and nutrient content (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, trehalose), showed lower pupal weights and growth rates. Compared with the control treatment, chlorantraniliprole significantly reduced digestive enzyme activities and observably increased detoxifying and protective enzyme activities and hormone titers. Importantly, these chlorantraniliprole-induced changes affected life table parameters of the cutworm. These results suggest that chlorantraniliprole at low concentrations can impair A. ipsilon development duration, normal food consumption and digestion process, enzymatic properties, hormone levels, fecundity and population levels. Chlorantraniliprole exhibit the potential to be exploited as a control strategy for this cutworm.
Thermodynamic analysis of thermal convection based on entropy production
Authors: Ban Takahiko , Shigeta Keigo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlow patterns have a tendency to break the symmetry of an initial state of a system and form another spatiotemporal pattern when the system is driven far from equilibrium by temperature difference. For an annular channel, the axially symmetric flow becomes unstable beyond a given temperature difference threshold imposed in the system, leading to rotational oscillating waves. Many researchers have investigated this transition via linear stability analysis using the fundamental conservation equations and the generic model amplitude equation, i.e., the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. Here, we present a quantitative study conducted of the thermal convection transition using thermodynamic analysis based on the maximum entropy production principle. Our analysis results reveal that the fluid system under nonequilibrium maximizes the entropy production induced by the thermodynamic flux in a direction perpendicular to the temperature difference. Further, we show that the thermodynamic flux as well as the entropy production can uniquely specify the thermodynamic states of the entire fluid system and propose an entropy production selection rule that can be used to specify the thermodynamic state of a nonequilibrium system.
Uncoupling of p97 ATPase activity has a dominant negative effect on protein extraction
Authors: Rycenga Halley B. , Wolfe Kelly B. , Yeh Elizabeth S. , Long David T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstractp97 is a highly abundant, homohexameric AAA+ ATPase that performs a variety of essential cellular functions. Characterized as a ubiquitin-selective chaperone, p97 recognizes proteins conjugated to K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and promotes their removal from chromatin and other molecular complexes. Changes in p97 expression or activity are associated with the development of cancer and several related neurodegenerative disorders. Although pathogenic p97 mutations cluster in and around p97’s ATPase domains, mutant proteins display normal or elevated ATPase activity. Here, we show that one of the most common p97 mutations (R155C) retains ATPase activity, but is functionally defective. p97-R155C can be recruited to ubiquitinated substrates on chromatin, but is unable to promote substrate removal. As a result, p97-R155C acts as a dominant negative, blocking protein extraction by a similar mechanism to that observed when p97’s ATPase activity is inhibited or inactivated. However, unlike ATPase-deficient proteins, p97-R155C consumes excess ATP, which can hinder high-energy processes. Together, our results shed new insight into how pathogenic mutations in p97 alter its cellular function, with implications for understanding the etiology and treatment of p97-associated diseases.
Holistic assessment of driver assistance systems: how can systems be assessed with respect to how they impact glance behaviour and collision avoidance?
Authors: Bärgman Jonas , Victor Trent 
Published: July 2019

This study demonstrates the need for a holistic safety‐impact assessment of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and its effect on eye‐glance behaviour. It implements a substantial incremental development of the what‐if (counterfactual) simulation methodology, applied to rear‐end crashes from the SHRP2 naturalistic driving data. This assessment combines (i) the impact of the change in drivers’ off‐road glance behaviour due to the presence of the ADAS, and (ii) the safety impact of the ADAS alone. The results illustrate how the safety benefit of forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking, in combination with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and driver assist (DA) systems, may almost completely dominate the safety impact of the longer off‐road glances that activated ACC and DA systems may induce. Further, this effect is shown to be robust to induced system failures. The accuracy of these results is tempered by outlined limitations, which future estimations will benefit from addressing. On the whole, this study is a further step towards a successively more accurate holistic risk assessment which includes driver behavioural responses such as off‐road glances together with the safety effects provided by the ADAS.