bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Léon Dumont : sensibilité, plaisir et habitude
Authors: Dromelet Catherine 
Published: November 2018

Léon Dumont (1837-1877) développe des réflexions philosophiques et physiologiques sur l’habitude qui révèlent une connaissance approfondie et critique des écrits de Maine de Biran, Ravaisson, Albert Lemoine et Comte. À la suite de Hamilton, il construit une science de la sensibilité qu’il nomme « esthétique », rompant avec la tradition de Baumgarten. Pour lui, l’habitude est conditionnée par le plaisir dans les êtres organiques dotés d’un certain degré de conscience, ce qui leur permet de s’autodéterminer et d’évoluer. Une contradiction apparaît dans le rôle attribué au plaisir : une habitude stabilisée diminue la sensibilité, laquelle est néanmoins nécessaire pour établir cette habitude. Dumont rend compte de la complexité du plaisir, ainsi que des alliances et des luttes des habitudes entre elles pour conserver une organisation efficace du point de vue de la sélection naturelle.
Bergson et la simultanéité (un chapitre oublié du Rire )
Authors: Aumand Marlène , Pigeard de Gurbert Guillaume 
Published: November 2018

Bergson définit le temps par la succession, qui est création de nouveauté. Mais il prend des exemples qui relèvent non de la succession mais de la simultanéité, garante d’une autre différence, entre deux choses qui coexistent en même temps, c’est-à-dire l’individualité. Dans Le Rire , on trouve en outre un type de comique qui joue sur la duplication simultanée du même. Ces cas de comique engagent la différence entre la simultanéité naturelle d’individus différents et la simultanéité artificielle d’êtres identiques. Si la simultanéité mécanique du même fait rire, c’est bien que la simultanéité naturelle fonde les différences. Cet oubli de Bergson est d’autant plus surprenant que sa conception du temps repose sur une critique de celle de Kant, lequel avait précisément inclus la simultanéité dans le temps comme un de ses modes ; garant du « divers simultané ». Finalement, Bergson est contraint par sa controverse avec Einstein à réintégrer la simultanéité dans le temps.
Les grands événements et le rôle des expositions. Art et Culture de l’Expo 1911 à Rome
Authors: Strangio Donatella 
Published: November 2018

Ce travail s’inspire de la constatation qu’un nombre de plus en plus élevé de villes rivalisent pour accueillir un certain type d’événements : en particulier, ceux que la littérature définit comme de grands événements. Il vise à trouver des réponses possibles à la question du lien entre les événements, notamment les grands événements, et les villes : il cherche en outre à éclairer un cas particulier de grand événement, l’Exposition internationale de Rome en 1911, peu connu dans la littérature. Le choix de l’étude de cas provient, d’une part, du caractère spécifique de l’événement, l’Exposition internationale Rome 1911, qui a eu lieu pendant une période également spécifique, le cinquantenaire de l’unification italienne ; d’autre part, de la ville de Rome qui, ayant accueilli un premier grand événement, constitue un exemple typique et emblématique pour décrire et comprendre les expositions que, dans ce cas, la capitale italienne a contribué à « dessiner ».
L’importance des micro-événements à Rio de Janeiro, ville des arts du spectacle
Authors: Herschmann Micael , Sanmartin Fernandes Cíntia 
Published: November 2018

Après une lente et longue période de décadence socio-économique, politique et culturelle, voilà quelques années que la ville de Rio de Janeiro se hisse à nouveau à la première place de la scène nationale, notamment sur le plan culturel. Les pouvoirs publics essaient de retourner cette situation en attirant des investissements, en misant sur des stratégies de city marketing et en transformant la métropole en une localité plus mondialisée, qui se doit de concentrer des méga-événements. Parallèlement, ces dernières années, on a pu constater des tensions et des conflits qui ont conduit de nombreux acteurs à manifester pour dénoncer la dimension d’exclusion du « projet de ville » en cours. Ainsi, à partir de l’étude sur les initiatives artistiques réalisées dans les espaces publics de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, ce travail envisage d’analyser l’importance de ces expressions culturelles pour la construction d’un imaginaire, de sociabilités et d’un quotidien plus démocratique et interculturel.
Football, musique et narcissisme : quelques conjectures sur la chanson « Brésil, dis-moi ce qu’on ressent »
Authors: Alabarces Pablo 
Published: November 2018

Pendant la Coupe du monde qui s’est tenue au Brésil en 2014, un grand nombre de supporters argentins ont fait le déplacement et ont déferlé dans les rues (bien plus que dans les stades) entonnant en chœur une chanson connue surtout pour son premier vers : « Brésil, dis-moi ce qu’on ressent ». Cette chanson, reprise d’une vieille mélodie du groupe de rock nord-américain Creedence Clearwater Revival , a été rapidement adoptée par des centaines de milliers de supporters au Brésil et en Argentine jusqu’à devenir virale sur les réseaux sociaux. En réponse à ce phénomène, nous proposons d’analyser la chanson, les traditions musicales et politiques sur lesquelles elle repose ainsi que la relation entre musique et nationalité qui en découle sans omettre d’interroger cette relation dans le cadre de l’histoire des Coupes du monde. Les agissements des supporters argentins prennent alors la forme d’une intervention musicale dans laquelle il est possible de lire la culture footballistique argentine, organisée par le narcissisme et la logique du tenir-bon ( aguante ).
Oxygen Diffusion May Limit the Biomechanical Effectiveness of Iontophoresis-Assisted Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Kling Sabine , Hafezi Nikki , Vinciguerra Paolo , Randleman J. Bradley , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the impact of varying treatment time on the efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking (I-CXL) in ex vivo porcine corneas.

METHODS:

One hundred twelve porcine corneas with intact epithelium were divided into 7 groups and analyzed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 received standard epitheliumoff CXL (S-CXL) with hypo-osmolaric 0.1% riboflavin and 30 minutes of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation at 3 mW/cm
2
, 10 minutes at 9 mW/cm
2
, or were not irradiated (controls). Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7 received I-CXL for either 60 minutes at 1.5 mW/cm
2
, 30 minutes at 3 mW/cm
2
, 10 minutes at 9 mW/cm
2
, or were not irradiated (controls). Elastic modulus and stress after relaxation of 5-mm wide corneal strips were analyzed.

RESULTS:

In the S-CXL groups, significant differences (
P
≤ .05) in stress-strain extensometry were found between controls and 3 mW/cm
2
for 30 minutes (group 1) and between controls and 9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes (group 2). In the I-CXL groups, only the 1.5 mW/cm
2
for 60 minutes setting (group 4) showed a significant stiffening effect. All epithelium-off groups provided a stiffening effect significantly stronger than I-CXL: with a stiffening effect of 149% and 112%, groups 1 and 4 were the groups with greater elastic modulus between the S-CXL and I-CXL groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The biomechanical effect of I-CXL increased significantly when using a low irradiance/long irradiation setting. Oxygen diffusion thus represents a limiting factor even when riboflavin penetration is improved via iontophoresis. Still less effective than S-CXL, this modification may help establish transepithelial CXL as a treatment option in selected cases.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(11):768–774.]
Implantation of a Corneal Inlay in Pseudophakic Eyes: A Prospective Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Elling Matthias , Schojai Merita , Schultz Tim , Hauschild Sarah , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:
To compare the clinical outcomes of binocular cataract surgery with and without pinhole corneal inlay implantation.

METHODS:
In the inlay-cataract group, a small aperture corneal inlay was implanted in addition to cataract surgery in the non-dominant eye and routine cataract surgery was performed in the dominant eye. In the control group, conventional cataract surgery was performed in both eyes in separate consecutive surgeries 2 weeks apart. The target refraction was emmetropia. Visual acuity, refraction, contrast sensitivity, and visual field were analyzed 1, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery.

RESULTS:

Sixteen patients with advanced cataracts underwent cataract surgery on both eyes in separate surgeries. There was no statistically significant difference regarding mean age, Lens Opacities Classification System grading, and refractive outcome. The difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between the control group and inlay-cataract group was not statistically significant after 12 weeks (
P
= .59). Mean uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was significantly better in the inlay-cataract group (
P
= .03). Near visual acuity was better in the inlay-cataract group, but it was not statistically significant (
P
= .07). There was no statistically significant difference between groups under binocular photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare. The results of the visual field examination showed no statistically significant difference between both eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings demonstrate that implantation of monofocal IOLs in combination with a small aperture corneal inlay in the non-dominant eye helps to increase intermediate and near visual acuity. The implantation of small aperture corneal inlays seems to be an interesting alternative for pseudophakic patients who desire spectacle independence.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(11):746–750.]
Induction of a Long Noncoding RNA Transcript, NR_045064, Promotes Defense Gene Transcription and Facilitates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Responses against Cryptosporidium Infection
Authors: Li Min , Gong Ai-Yu , Zhang Xin-Tian , Wang Yang , Mathy Nicholas W. , Martins Gislaine A. , Strauss-Soukup Juliane K. , Chen Xian-Ming 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic intestinal pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a central role in activating and orchestrating host immune responses against Cryptosporidium infection, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We report in this paper that C. parvum infection causes significant alterations in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Transcription of a panel of lncRNA genes, including NR_045064, in infected cells is controlled by the NF-κB signaling. Functionally, inhibition of NR_045064 induction increases parasite burden in intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of NR_045064 enhances the transcription of selected defense genes in host cells following C. parvum infection. Epigenetic histone modifications are involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in infected host cells. Moreover, the p300/MLL-associated chromatin remodeling is involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection. Expression of NR_045064 and associated genes is also identified in intestinal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice following phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide or LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrate that lncRNAs, such as NR_045064, play a role in regulating epithelial defense against microbial infection.
Colitis Promotes a Pathological Condition of the Liver in the Absence of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Mathies Franziska , Steffens Niklas , Kleinschmidt Doerte , Stuhlmann Friederike , Huber Francis J. , Roy Urmi , Meyer Thomas , Luetgehetmann Marc , von Petersdorff Mareike , Seiz Oliver , Herkel Johannes , Schramm Christoph , Flavell Richard A. , Gagliani Nicola , Krebs Christian , Panzer Ulf , Abdullah Zeinab , Strowig Till , Bedke Tanja , Huber Samuel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with extraintestinal diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis in the liver. Interestingly, it is known that an imbalance between Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells is involved in inflammatory bowel disease and also in primary sclerosing cholangitis. To explain these associations, one hypothesis is that intestinal inflammation and barrier defects promote liver disease because of the influx of bacteria and inflammatory cells to the liver. However, whether and how this is linked to the Treg and Th17 cell imbalance is unclear. To address this, we used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and T cell transfer colitis mouse models. We analyzed the pathological conditions of the intestine and liver on histological, cellular, and molecular levels. We observed bacterial translocation and an influx of inflammatory cells, in particular Th17 cells, to the liver during colitis. In the DSS colitis model, in which Treg were concomitantly increased in the liver, we did not observe an overt pathological condition of the liver. In contrast, the T cell–mediated colitis model, in which Treg are not abundant, was associated with marked liver inflammation and a pathological condition. Of note, upon depletion of Treg in DEREG mice, DSS colitis promotes accumulation of Th17 cells and a pathological condition of the liver. Finally, we studied immune cell migration using KAEDE mice and found that some of these cells had migrated directly from the inflamed intestine into the liver. Overall, these data indicate that colitis can promote a pathological condition of the liver and highlight an important role of Treg in controlling colitis-associated liver inflammation.
Psychological Safety and Support: Assessing Resident Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Appelbaum Nital P. , Santen Sally A. , Aboff Brian M. , Vega Ryan , Munoz Jose L. , Hemphill Robin R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssessments of the clinical learning environment could allow early interventions to improve graduate medical education. To date, measurement tools for this have not been identified.ObjectiveWe established the concurrent validity of 2 instruments that assess cultural facets of the clinical learning environment by correlating them with external program evaluation data.MethodsIn 2017 we surveyed residents across 19 training programs on their perceptions of organizational support by using the Short Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), and psychological safety by using the Psychological Safety Scale (PSS). Data were aggregated to the program level and correlated with results from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resident Survey.ResultsOf 511 residents, 322 (63%) completed the survey, and 496 of 516 residents (96%) completed the ACGME Resident Survey. Perceived organizational support correlated positively with overall program evaluation score (r = 0.75, P &lt; .001); faculty (r = 0.72, P &lt; .001); evaluation (r = 0.73, P &lt; .001); educational content (r = 0.52, P = .022); and resources domains (r = 0.55, P =  .014). Psychological safety had a positive correlation with overall program evaluation (r = 0.57, P = .011); faculty (r = 0.50, P = .028); and evaluation (r = 0.62, P &lt; .005).ConclusionsThe SPOS and PSS correlated with key ACGME Resident Survey domains. Programs showing greater support of residents were likely to show more positive ratings on program evaluation metrics. Teaching institutions may benefit from actively monitoring and improving aspects of their learning environment through internal assessments.
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF SELF-SERVICE, PACKAGED, SQUARE SLICES OF COOKED HAM1
Authors: Miller W. A. 
Published: November 2018

The microbial flora of 113 packages of sliced cooked ham was studied over a period of 11 months (samples purchased bi-weekly). When opened and analyzed, 49 packages from stores I and II revealed counts of 1,000 to 42 million per square inch of surface area. Samples from 17 of 49 packages were sour (buttermilk odor) after 3 to 7 days at 4 to 11°C. The dominant organism in the sour samples was a non-heat resistant Microbacterium.
Twenty-four samples from packages of vacuum-packed, sliced ham from store III showed counts of fewer than 248,000 per square inch; 3 samples were sour at 7 days (4 to 11°C.) Eighteen packages of sliced ham from stores I and II were stored at 4 to 11°C for 7 days before opening; counts ranged from 3.4 million to 650 million, and 8 packages were sour. Eleven of 20 packages of vacuum-packed ham stored 7 days at 4 to 11°C before opening (store III) showed counts of 1,000 to 60,000; no souring was observed in any of the 20 packages.
THE REDUCTION OF THE MICROFLORA OF MILKING MACHINE INFLATIONS BY TEAT DIPPING AND TEAT CUP PASTEURIZATION1
Authors: Newbould F. H. S. , Barnum D. A. 
Published: November 2018

Teats were dipped immediately after milking in (a) an iodophor diluted to contain 1.0 per cent available iodine; (b) P.V.P.—Hibitane, containing 1.6 per cent Hibitane (Chlorhexidine); and (c) P.V.P.—Hibitane containing 0.5 per cent Hibitane. After each cow was milked the teat cups were rinsed briefly and “pasteurized” at 165–170°F for 15 seconds.
Teat-dipping alone reduced dramatically the number of micrococci on the inflations but was only partially effective in reducing the percentage of inflations carrying haemolytic staphylococci, except when the 1.6 per cent P.V.P.—Hibitane was used. This material was, however, somewhat irritating to the teats. Teat cup pasteurizing alone partially reduced the percentage of teat cups carrying haemolytic staphylococci, but had little effect on the number of micrococci initially present on the inflations. It appears that the combination of these simple practices will go far towards eliminating the teat-skin and milking machine inflations as reservoirs of haemolytic staphylococci.
A STUDY OF WELDED LINES FOR PROCESSING MILK1
Authors: Olson H. C. , Brown G. O. , Mickle J. B. 
Published: November 2018

A study was made of the sanitary aspects of using welded lines in the processing of milk. The criteria used included visual examination, swab tests, rinse tests and standard plate and coliform counts on the milk at various stages of the processing.
The results indicate that the use of welded lines of the type used in this plant in conjunction with an automatic CIP system is satisfactory for processing Grade A milk.
FREEZING POINT VALUES AND MILK SOLIDS-NOT-FAT CONTENT OF RETAIL MILK1
Authors: Henningson R. W. 
Published: November 2018

Observed freezing point and milk solids-not-fat values were determined for approximately 400 retail samples. Most of these samples were systematically collected at monthly intervals over a calendar year from designated processing plants.
The average observed freezing point value found was −0.529°C. The average MSNF value found was 8.88%. No relationship was expected, or found, between the observed freezing point value and the MSNF value of milks. The MSNF value did not assist in explaining high freezing point values or in confirming the presence of added water. It did prevent suspicion which could not be easily confirmed.
A minimum freezing point depression standard, based on area data and administered in a manner similar to a minimum butterfat standard, appears to be the most feasible way of utilizing the cryoscopic method for the determination of added water in milk.
BACTERIAL COUNTS OF BULK MILK FOR INTERSTATE SHIPMENT
Authors: Brazis A. Richard , Black Luther A. 
Published: November 2018

During this investigation single samples were collected from 773 milk cans, three samples from each of 416 farm bulk tanks, six samples from each of 158 farm pick-up trucks, single samples from 49 storage vats, twelve samples from each of 98 transport trucks, and single samples from 77 storage tanks. Of the samples collected, 96% had counts under 200,000; 1.9% had counts of 200,000 – 300,000; 0.7% had counts of 300,000 to 400,000 and 1.4% had counts in excess of 400,000 per ml.
The bacterial count finding on pumped milk indicated that milk passage through pumps did not appear to contribute to subsequent high counts through the break-up of bacterial clumps which may have been present. When bacterial counts were correlated with observations of the sanitary conditions of milk handling, the data reaffirmed that laxity in cleaning, bactericidal treatment or cooling will be reflected in the bacterial count and may result in the shipment of raw milk having counts in excess of 200,000 per ml.
COOLING MENU ITEMS BY AGITATION UNDER REFRIGERATION1
Authors: Longrée Karla , Moragne Lenora , White James C. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The present investigation was concerned with cooling menu items by agitation, under refrigeration. The aim was to investigate the effects on cooling times of foods of the following variables: the design of the agitator, the width of the scraper blade of the agitator, and the rate of agitation. Observations were made of changes in certain quality characteristics of the items cooled by agitation.
The cooling times of the agitated menu items were reduced to fractions of the time lengths required when comparable batches were cooled without agitation.
The design of the agitator and the rate of agitation had little effect on cooling time but had a strong effect on the physical quality of the entrées, especially stews. A simple frame agitator equipped with wide plastic scraper blades rotating at 8 rpm gave satisfactory results in that it effected fast cooling without rendering the item unacceptable in appearance.
Agitation under refrigeration may be looked upon as an efficient and feasible method of precooling menu items.
A STUDY OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF HADDOCK FILLETS AND SHUCKED, SOFT-SHELLED CLAMS PROCESSED AND MARKETED IN THE GREATER BOSTON AREA1
Authors: Nickerson J. T. R. , Goldblith S. A. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Data obtained during the months of July and August of 1961 on the microbiological quality of haddock fillets and shucked, soft-shelled clams processed and marketed in the greater Boston area have been compiled and critically evaluated for commercial and sanitary significance. Differences were observed in the aerobic-facultative microbial counts of haddock fillets processed at different times of day in a given company. Soft-shelled clams dug from unpolluted beds in the vicinity of Boston, when shucked in a commercial plant, were found to have counts which were about one hundred times lower than clams shipped in from the Maryland area and subsequently shucked in the local marketing area. This points out the desirability of processing shellfish (by radiation treatment or otherwise) at a point close to the source of supply. Anaerobic (clostridia) counts were somewhat higher in shucked clams than in haddock fillets although high counts (clostridia) were not encountered with either product.