bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of a Mammarenavirus Harbored by Rodents on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Zhang You , Rao Langyu , Lv Gang , Zhang Lei , Fu Ruijia , Wang Shanshan , Wu Yue , Cui Xiuji , Yin Feifei 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Wenzhou virus (WENV) is a rodent-borne mammarenavirus that was recently found to infect humans. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a genetic variant of WENV, HMU (Hainan Medical University) virus. The virus was harbored by a
Rattus norvegicus
individual in the residential areas of Hainan Province in southern China.
Complete Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain MR310, Isolated from a Pastured-Flock Poultry Farm System
Authors: Rothrock Michael J. , Fan Peixin , Jeong Kwangcheol C. , Kim Sun Ae , Ricke Steven C. , Park Si Hong 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Investigation of
Listeria monocytogenes
transmission from environmental sources associated with pasture-raised chickens to poultry products is needed to determine ways to prevent potential foodborne illness. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Listeria monocytogenes
MR310, one of the isolates from a pastured-flock poultry management system.
“What’s my risk of sustaining an ACL injury while playing sports?” A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Montalvo Alicia M , Schneider Daniel K , Yut Laura , Webster Kate E , Beynnon Bruce , Kocher Mininder S , Myer Gregory D 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence proportion (IP) and incidence rate (IR) for ACL injury in athletes.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysisData sourcesThe PubMed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were included if they reported total number of participants/population by sex, total number of ACL injuries by sex and total person-time by sex.ResultsFifty-eight studies were included. The IP and IR of ACL injury in female athletes were 3.5% (1 out of every 29 athletes) and 1.5/10 000 athlete-exposures over a period of 1 season-25 years. The IP and IR of ACL injury in male athletes were 2.0% (1 out of every 50 athletes) and 0.9/10 000 athlete-exposures over a period of 1–25 years. Female athletes had a higher relative risk (RR) for ACL injury compared with males (RR=1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9; P<0.01) and a higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) of ACL injury compared with males over 1 season–25 years (IRR=1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2; P<0.010). When accounting for participation level, the disparity in the IR between female and male athletes was highest for amateur athletes compared with intermediate and elite athletes (IRR=2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.4; P<0.01; I²=82%). Amateur female athletes remained at higher risk of ACL injury than did with amateur male athletes. In studies where follow-up length was <1 year, female athletes had a higher IR of ACL injury than did to males (IRR=1.7; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2; P<0.01). Where follow-up was 1 year and beyond, there was no sex difference in the IR of ACL injury (IRR=2.1; 95% CI 0.9 to 4.8; P=0.06; I²=65%).Summary/conclusionsOne in 29 female athletes and 1 in 50 male athletes ruptured their ACL in a window that spanned from 1season to 25 years. The IR of ACL injury among female athletes in a season was 1.7 times higher than the IR of ACL injury among male athletes and the IP of ACL injury among female athletes was 1.5 times higher than the IP of ACL injury among male athletes. The reported sex disparity in ACL injury rates is independent of participation level and length of follow-up.
Geological influence of the Great Red River Raft on the Red River Campaign of the American Civil War
Authors: Harrelson Danny W. , Torres Nalini , Tillotson Amber , Zakikhani Mansour 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

About 2000 years ago, the Mississippi River avulsed westwards and captured the Red River of the South, uprooting vegetation and causing bank instability, resulting in a series of log jams known as the Great Red River Raft. The Great Raft presented a major navigation challenge during the settlement of the Red River Valley from the seventeenth century until its removal in the 1890s. The Great Raft extended
c.
100–300 km up-river from Natchitoches, Louisiana to the Louisiana–Arkansas boundary. In the nineteenth century, it contributed to a major military failure by the Union Army and Navy during the 1864 Red River Campaign of the American Civil War. While planning the Red River Campaign, Union commanders made tactical errors by overlooking unique geological aspects of the Red River, including its flashy nature, high sediment load, anastomosing channels and rapids. The Confederates used their knowledge of the Great Raft and the Red River's morphology to attack the Union's river fleet while in a position of restricted manoeuverability. The Confederates used the topographically higher defensive positions of natural levee deposits along the Red River to keep the Union's land and naval forces from supporting each other during the Campaign.
MyoVibe
Authors: Mokaya Frank , Noh Hae Young , Lucas Roland , Zhang Pei 
Published: March 2018

Incorrect muscle activation can lead to sub-optimal performance, muscle imbalance, and eventually bodily injury. Consequently, assessing muscle activation is important for both excelling in exercise, athletics, and professional sports in general. Existing techniques for assessing muscle activation, such as electromyography, are invasive, requiring needles inserted directly into the muscle or electrodes that have considerable placement requirements (shaving, gels, etc.). This makes them unsuitable for active environments. In addition, factors such as body motion noise that results from the high-impact movements encountered in active sports environments easily corrupt sensor data. This compounds the unsuitability of these systems in the sports and exercise arena. As a result, such systems have been explored mostly in clinical rather than sports-based scenarios.
We present MyoVibe, a system for sensing and determining muscle activation in high-mobility, high-impact exercise scenarios. MyoVibe senses and interprets multiple muscle vibration signals obtained from a wearable network of accelerometers to determine muscle activation. By utilizing a diverse feature set combined with the simple yet effective motion artifact mitigation technique, MyoVibe can reduce inertial sensor noise in these high-mobility exercises. As a result, MyoVibe can detect muscle activation with greater than 97% accuracy.
Motor action of the frontal eye field on the eyes and neck in the monkey
Authors: Izawa Yoshiko , Suzuki Hisao 
Published: March 2018

Focal stimulation in the frontal eye field (FEF) evoked eye movements that were often accompanied by neck movements. Experiments were performed with concurrent recording of both movements in trained monkeys. We recorded neck forces under a head-restrained condition with a force-measuring system. With the system, we measured forces along the x-, y-, and z-axes and torque about the z-axis. Torque about the z-axis that represented yaw rotation of the head was significantly affected by stimulation. We found that stimulation generated two types of motor actions of the eyes and neck. In the first type, contraversive neck forces were evoked by stimulation of the medial part of the FEF, where contraversive saccadic eye movements with large amplitudes were evoked. When the stimulus intensity was increased, saccades were evoked in an all-or-none manner, whereas the amplitude of neck forces increased gradually. In the second type, contraversive neck forces were evoked by stimulation of the medial and caudal part of the FEF, where ipsiversive slow eye movements were evoked. The depth profiles of amplitudes of neck forces were almost parallel to those of eye movements in individual stimulation tracks. The present results suggest that the FEF is involved in the control of motor actions of the neck as well as the eyes. The FEF area associated with contraversive saccades and contraversive neck movements may contribute to a gaze shift process, whereas that associated with ipsiversive slow eye movements and contraversive neck movements may contribute to a visual stabilization process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Focal stimulation in the frontal eye field (FEF) evoked eye and neck movements. We recorded neck forces under a head-restrained condition with a force-measuring system. Taking advantage of this approach, we could analyze slow eye movements that were dissociated from the vestibuloocular reflex. We found ipsiversive slow eye movements in combination with contraversive neck forces, suggesting that the FEF may be a source of a corollary discharge signal for compensatory eye movements during voluntary neck movements.
The Magnitude of Androgen Receptor Positivity in Breast Cancer Is Critical for Reliable Prediction of Disease Outcome
Authors: Ricciardelli Carmela , Bianco-Miotto Tina , Jindal Shalini , Butler Lisa M. , Leung Samuel , McNeil Catriona M. , O'Toole Sandra A. , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Millar Ewan K.A. , Sakko Andrew J. , Ruiz Alexandra I. , Vowler Sarah L. , Huntsman David G. , Birrell Stephen N. , Sutherland Robert L. , Palmieri Carlo , Hickey Theresa E. , Tilley Wayne D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurpose: Consensus is lacking regarding the androgen receptor (AR) as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively review the literature on AR prognostication and determine optimal criteria for AR as an independent predictor of breast cancer survival.Experimental Design: AR positivity was assessed by immunostaining in two clinically validated primary breast cancer cohorts [training cohort, n = 219; validation cohort, n = 418; 77% and 79% estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive, respectively]. The optimal AR cut-point was determined by ROC analysis in the training cohort and applied to both cohorts.Results: AR was an independent prognostic marker of breast cancer outcome in 22 of 46 (48%) previous studies that performed multivariate analyses. Most studies used cut-points of 1% or 10% nuclear positivity. Herein, neither 1% nor 10% cut-points were robustly prognostic. ROC analysis revealed that a higher AR cut-point (78% positivity) provided optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict breast cancer survival in the training (HR, 0.41; P = 0.015) and validation (HR, 0.50; P = 0.014) cohorts. Tenfold cross-validation confirmed the robustness of this AR cut-point. Patients with ERα-positive tumors and AR positivity ≥78% had the best survival in both cohorts (P &lt; 0.0001). Among the combined ERα-positive cases, those with comparable or higher levels of AR (AR:ERα-positivity ratio &gt;0.87) had the best outcomes (P &lt; 0.0001).Conclusions: This study defines an optimal AR cut-point to reliably predict breast cancer survival. Testing this cut-point in prospective cohorts is warranted for implementation of AR as a prognostic factor in the clinical management of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2328–41. ©2018 AACR.
Village Dogs in Coastal Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Izaguirre Eliza , Hebinck Paul , Eilers Karen (C.H.A.M.) 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Village dogs are important for households in coastal Mexico, yet they are seen as out of place by etic stakeholders (public health and wildlife experts, and animal welfarists). Caregivers of village dogs are considered irresponsible, a view that is reinforced by Mexican policy. We describe two contrasting etic discourses in this article that have emerged from ideologies based on human-dog relation theories. The article is part of an ongoing shift in the social sciences that has seen attempts to move beyond anthropocentrism and to explore human-animal relations outside the parameters of the traditional nature-culture dichotomy. Local narratives hinge on different experiences with dogs. Villagers perceive their dogs as adults, capable of and subject to judgment. Etic discourses are currently the basis for dog management policies. Attaching the label of “irresponsible owner” to the caregivers of village dogs prevents their inclusion as legitimate participants in policy processes.
China’s Geopolitical Economy of Energy Security
Authors: Amineh Mehdi P. , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
China’s transition to an urban-industrial society relies predominantly on its abundant domestic coal supplies and, secondly, on an increase in oil and gas imports. For this reason, China’s strategic investments in the oil and gas industries of resource-rich, energy-exporting countries have vastly increased. Given the high levels of import-dependency, the domestic power-wealth structures in China rely on uninterrupted supplies from beyond state borders. In their search for supply security, major import-dependent actors have two options. One is to reduce dependency by, for instance, higher energy efficiency. Another option is to increase the security of energy imports. This requires improving supply security from resource-rich oil- and gas-exporting countries and regions. The significant growth in the overseas assets and activities of China’s state-led National Oil Companies (nocs) are crucial to China’s energy supply security. In this study we argue that the transnational activities of Chinese nocs are part of the country’s so-called ‘statist’, state-led economic globalization, in the course of which some developing economies have become global political powers.
In this paper we outline the approach and the conceptual foundations to understand geopolitical economy of energy security in China based on the following section: [1] the unit of analysis in the Political Economy of Energy. [2] Sequential industrialization and its global impacts, [3] Fossil fuel security and resource-scarcity, [4] China’s power structure, state class, and industrialization, [5] Industrialization, lateral pressure, the geopolitical economy and China’s external relations [6] National oil companies: changing the game.
Linking African Easterly Wave Activity with Equatorial Waves and the Influence of Rossby Waves from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Yang Gui-Ying , Methven John , Woolnough Steve , Hodges Kevin , Hoskins Brian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A connection is found between African easterly waves (AEWs), equatorial westward-moving mixed Rossby–gravity (WMRG) waves, and equivalent barotropic Rossby waves (RWs) from the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The amplitude and phase of equatorial waves is calculated by projection of broadband-filtered ERA-Interim data onto a horizontal structure basis obtained from equatorial wave theory. Mechanisms enabling interaction between the wave types are identified. AEWs are dominated by a vorticity wave that tilts eastward below the African easterly jet and westward above: the tilt necessary for baroclinic wave growth. However, a strong relationship is identified between amplifying vorticity centers within AEWs and equatorial WMRG waves. Although the waves do not phase lock, positive vorticity centers amplify whenever the cross-equatorial motion of the WMRG wave lies at the same longitude in the upper troposphere (southward flow) and east of this in the lower troposphere (northward flow). Two mechanisms could explain the vorticity amplification: vortex stretching below the upper-tropospheric divergence and ascent associated with latent heating in convection in the lower-tropospheric moist northward flow.
In years of strong AEW activity, SH and equatorial upper-tropospheric zonal winds are more easterly. Stronger easterlies have two effects: (i) they Doppler shift WMRG waves so that their period varies little with wavenumber (3–4 days) and (ii) they enable westward-moving RWs to propagate into the tropical waveguide from the SH. The RW phase speeds can match those of WMRG waves, enabling sustained excitation of WMRG. The WMRG waves have an eastward group velocity with wave activity accumulating over Africa and invigorating AEWs at similar frequencies through the vorticity amplification mechanism.
On the Local View of Atmospheric Available Potential Energy
Authors: Novak Lenka , Tailleux Rémi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The possibility of constructing Lorenz’s concept of available potential energy (APE) from a local principle has been known for some time, but it has received very little attention so far. Yet the local APE density framework offers the advantage of providing a positive-definite local form of potential energy, which, like kinetic energy, can be transported, converted, and created or dissipated locally. In contrast to Lorenz’s definition, which relies on the exact from of potential energy, the local APE density theory uses the particular form of potential energy appropriate to the approximations considered. In this paper, this idea is illustrated for the dry hydrostatic primitive equations, whose relevant form of potential energy is the specific enthalpy. The local APE density is nonquadratic in general but can nevertheless be partitioned exactly into mean and eddy components regardless of the Reynolds averaging operator used. This paper introduces a new form of the local APE density that is easily computable from atmospheric datasets. The advantages of using the local APE density over the classical Lorenz APE are highlighted. The paper also presents the first calculation of the three-dimensional local APE density in observation-based atmospheric data. Finally, it illustrates how the eddy and mean components of the local APE density can be used to study regional and temporal variability in the large-scale circulation. It is revealed that advection from high latitudes is necessary to supply APE into the storm-track regions, and that Greenland and the Ross Sea, which have suffered from rapid land ice and sea ice loss in recent decades, are particularly susceptible to APE variability.
Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere under Future Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Matthes Katja , Harnik Nili , Omrani Nour-Eddine , Wahl Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDownward wave coupling (DWC) is an important process that characterizes the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere via planetary wave reflection. A recent modeling study has indicated that natural forcing factors, including sea surface temperature (SST) variability and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), influence DWC and the associated surface impact in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In light of this, the authors further investigate how DWC in the NH is affected by anthropogenic forcings, using a fully coupled chemistry–climate model CESM1(WACCM). The results indicate that the occurrence of DWC is significantly suppressed in the future, starting later in the seasonal cycle, with more events concentrated in late winter (February and March). The future decrease in DWC events is associated with enhanced wave absorption in the stratosphere due to increased greenhouse gases (GHGs), which is manifest as more absorbing types of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in early winter. This early winter condition leads to a delay in the development of the upper-stratospheric reflecting surface, resulting in a shift in the seasonal cycle of DWC toward late winter in the future. The tropospheric responses to DWC events in the future exhibit different spatial patterns, compared to those of the past. In the North Atlantic sector, DWC-induced circulation changes are characterized by a poleward shift and an eastward extension of the tropospheric jet, while in the North Pacific sector, the circulation changes are characterized by a weakening of the tropospheric jet. These responses are consistent with a change in the pattern of DWC-induced synoptic-scale eddy–mean flow interaction in the future.
Effect of Heliox on Respiratory Outcomes during Rigid Bronchoscopy in Term Lambs
Authors: Sowder Justin C. , Dahl Mar Janna , Zuspan Kaitlin R. , Albertine Kurt H. , Null Donald M. , Barneck Mitchell D. , Grimmer J. Fredrik 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo (1) compare physiologic changes during rigid bronchoscopy during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation and (2) evaluate the efficacy of a helium‐oxygen (heliox) gas mixture as compared with room air during rigid bronchoscopy.Study DesignCrossover animal study evaluating physiologic parameters during rigid bronchoscopy. Outcomes were compared with predicted computational fluid analysis.SettingSimulated ventilation via computational fluid dynamics analysis and term lambs undergoing rigid bronchoscopy.MethodsRespiratory and physiologic outcomes were analyzed in a lamb model simulating bronchoscopy during foreign body aspiration to compare heliox with room air. The main outcome measures were blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed with SOLIDWORKS within a rigid pediatric bronchoscope during simulated ventilation comparing heliox with room air.ResultsFor room air, lambs desaturated within 3 minutes during mechanical ventilation versus normal oxygen saturation during spontaneous ventilation (P =. 01). No improvement in respiratory outcomes was seen between heliox and room air during mechanical ventilation. Computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrates increased turbulence within size 3.5 bronchoscopes when comparing heliox and room air. Meaningful comparisons could not be made due to the intolerance of the lambs to heliox in vivo.ConclusionDuring mechanical ventilation on room air, lambs desaturate more quickly during rigid bronchoscopy on settings that should be adequate. Heliox does not improve ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection–Induced Cellular and Extracellular Events in Menisci: Implications for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhang Demao , Lin Yunfeng , Yuan Quan , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: March 2018

Background: The meniscus plays an important role in knee joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Meniscal injuries can be accompanied by joint catabolic events initiated by inflammation, leading to articular cartilage destruction, but the cellular events responsible for intrinsic meniscal injury and the extracellular matrix changes necessary for meniscal degradation are not well known. Purpose: To explore the cellular and matrix-related changes of menisci based on a mouse OA model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A mouse ACLT OA model was established by transection of anterior cruciate ligaments on the right knee joints of 8-week-old male (n = 34) and female (n = 34) C57 mice. The knee joints were collected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after ACLT surgery, and the meniscal changes were analyzed by radiography, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The deterioration of menisci was more extensive than that of articular cartilage and subchondral bone at 4 weeks after ACLT surgery. The rapid loss of collagen II and Sox9 in chondrocyte-like cells in the white-white zone of menisci was confirmed, and the activation of potential meniscus progenitor cells and chondroblasts was identified based on the increase of CD90, CD105, and Runx2. Further, the intrinsic inflammation in the bone marrow–like zone of menisci was activated by enhancement of dendritic cells (CD11c+), T cells (CD3+), and macrophages (F4/80+) with the increase of the inflammatory factors interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α. Finally, the extracellular matrix events involving changes in chemokines, increases of matrix proteases (matrix metalloproteinases and ADAMTS5), and decreases of lysyl oxidase family were elucidated. Conclusion: ACLT-induced meniscal changes not only could explain the contribution of the meniscus to the progress of OA but also could provide a cue for initiation of preventive treatments in the early stages of OA. Clinical Relevance: This study provides support for better protection of menisci in ACL injury–induced conditions such as OA and indicates that menisci should be considered in the development of clinical pharmacological interventions.