bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[18F]PSMA-1007 PET for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, a comparison with [18F]Fluciclovine
Authors: Loeff Cato C. , van Gemert Willemijn , Privé Bastiaan M. , van Oort Inge M. , Hermsen Rick , Somford Diederik M. , Nagarajah James , Heijmen Linda , Janssen Marcel J. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
The objective of this study was to compare the detection rates of [18F]PSMA-1007 and [18F]Fluciclovine in early biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, i.e. with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (0.2–5.0 µg/L).

Methods
This was a prospective, single-center (Radboudumc; Nijmegen, The Netherlands), comparative phase II diagnostic imaging study (NCT04239742). The main inclusion criteria were histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate, BCR after radical treatment with two consecutive (rising) PSA values (0.2–5.0 µg/L). Patients underwent both [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT within two weeks. Both scans were blindly scored by three independent nuclear medicine physicians. Hereafter, a result per scan and region was generated by consensus. The primary outcome was to compare the detection rate on a patient and region level. Secondary objectives were to determine detection rate stratified for PSA value, inter-reader agreement, and SUV measurements. For lesion confirmation a composite reference score was established using follow-up data.

Results
Data of fifty patients were included, median age of 71 (IQR: 67–74) years and median PSA value of 0.38 (IQR: 0.30–1.55) µg/L. Detection rates were 68% (34/50) for [18F]PSMA-1007 and 42% (21/50) for [18F]Fluciclovine on a patient level (p < 0.001). Detection rates stratified for PSA value of [18F]PSMA-1007 in comparison with [18F]Fluciclovine were for PSA 0.2–0.5 µg/L; 60.7% versus 25.0% (p = 0.002); and for PSA ≥ 0.5 µg/L; 77.3% versus 63.6% (p = 0.250). There was a trend for higher inter-reader agreement with [18F]PSMA-1007. SUVmax (p < 0.001) was significantly higher for [18F]PSMA-1007 in comparison to [18F]Fluciclovine.

Conclusion
In patients with early BCR of prostate cancer after radical surgery or radiotherapy, [18F]PSMA-1007 demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate than [18F]Fluciclovine. This is particularly relevant since earlier and more accurate detection of a BCR can guide salvage therapy into a tailored strategy which may improve outcomes.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 04239742. Registered 02 January 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04239742.
A comparative survey study of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards medical ethics among surgical and non-surgical physicians
Authors: Khalifa Heba K. , Wahdan Amira A. , Soliman Moataz Y. , Sobeeh Fatma G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical ethics is the ethical branch that deals with moral concerns through the application of certain standards and principles in medical practice. With the vast development in medical and surgical practice, a lot of ethical issues arose. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare physicians from surgical and non-surgical departments (303 and 243 physicians respectively) regarding their knowledge, practice, and attitude toward medical ethics. It was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, using both online and printed questionnaires that included socio-demographic data, subscales designed to evaluate knowledge (15 questions), attitude and practice (15 more questions) about medical ethics. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the relations between different study variables.

Results
A total of 546 participants completed the questionnaire, with 55.5% from non-surgical departments and 44.5% from surgical departments. The demographic analysis revealed no statistically significant differences. The results of the study showed that the non-surgical group exhibited higher levels of knowledge compared to the surgical group. The non-surgical group demonstrated higher compliance with ethical practices compared to the surgical group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between specialty and knowledge/practice levels, with higher qualifications and professional positions correlating with better knowledge and practice.

Conclusion
This study highlights the variations in knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics among physicians in non-surgical and surgical departments. Further efforts are required to enhance ethical education and promote consistent ethical practices.
Antigenicity evaluation of lac color and exploratory study for identifying potential biomarkers of anaphylaxis
Authors: Lim Hyun-Jin , Han Kang Min , Kim Seung-Hyun , Ryu Soo-Kyung , You Ji-Ran , Yoon Jung-Hee , Kwon Euna , Kim Ji-Eun , Kang Byeong-Cheol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Lac color, a natural red dye derived from the larvae of laccifer lacca kerr, is one of the most commonly used substances in food. To date, no studies have reported on the antigenicity of lac color and the other biomarkers that can determine anaphylactic reactions. To address this, we evaluated the antigenicity of lac color through active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in addition to identifying potential biomarkers performing exploratory studies. For ASA test, Guinea pigs (n = 5) were sensitized with 0(negative control), 4 mg/kg of lac color, 4 mg/kg of lac color + FCA, and 5 mg/kg of ovalbumin + FCA (positive control) 3 times a week for three weeks. Fourteen days after the last sensitization, animals were challenged intravenously weekly for two weeks. Hematological and histopathological analyses were performed and compared to control groups.

Results
In the ASA test, all lac color groups showed mild symptoms such as nose rubbing, urination, and evacuation, which are insufficient indicators of anaphylaxis. Exploratory studies identified several biomarkers: decreased platelet count, and increased basophil count; distention in the lung, and redness on the inner wall of trachea; mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration (MICI) in the ear, and heart hemorrhage. When these biomarkers were applied to the ASA test of lac color, in comparison to the negative control group, the positive control group (ovalbumin + FCA) showed a significant over 60-fold reduction in platelet count and nearly threefold higher basophil count compared to other groups. Furthermore, only positive control group exhibited full lung distention and severe redness on the inner wall of the trachea. Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration (MICI) in the ear was about three times higher, and heart hemorrhage was only present in the positive control group compared to others. None of the lac color groups were different from the negative control group (p > 0.05), whereas the positive control group was significantly different (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study concludes that lac color, at the tested concentrations, does not induce antigenicity in the guinea pig model, providing valuable safety data. Furthermore, the biomarkers identified in this study offer a supportive approach to evaluating the immunogenicity of substances in future research.
Severe bronchiolitis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective database analysis by the Italian Network of PICU study group (TIPNet)
Authors: Izzo Francesca , Comoretto Rosanna I. , Amigoni Angela , Daverio Marco , Zoia Elena , Diotto Veronica , Sacco Francesco , Nettuno Claudio , Tessari Anna , Picconi Enzo , Mondardini Maria Cristina , Bregant Gaia Milvia , Wolfler Andrea , Gregori Dario , Camporesi Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The first post-COVID-19 pandemic year demonstrated an unusual bronchiolitis epidemic in both hemispheres and has been attributed to the removal of barriers implemented during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several countries reported an increase in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, with more hospitalizations and a greater need for respiratory support. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology and management of severe bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Italy.

Methods
Multicenter, retrospective, cohort database analysis. All children younger than 24 months admitted to 7 PICUs from October 2017 to April 2023 diagnosed with bronchiolitis were included. We compared patients from pre-COVID and post-COVID eras, excluding patients from the 2020–2021 season due to low numbers. Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of the pre-/post-COVID period on the need for invasive ventilation.

Results
Seven hundred fifteen patients were admitted to PICU during the study period, 451 patients pre-COVID and 251 patients post-COVID. Patients in the post-COVID group were older, had more comorbidities, and had higher Pediatric Index of Mortality scores at admission but the need for respiratory support was not significantly different. There was high variability in bronchiolitis management across centers. Presenting pre-COVID was protective against the risk of mechanical ventilation, adjusted for age and disease severity at admission (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.89), while RSV infection increased the risk of intubation (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.1–5.63).

Conclusions
PICUs have faced an unexpected peak of significantly more severe cases of bronchiolitis after the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not require increased respiratory support.
Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphism Is Associated With Sleep Apnea Symptoms
Authors: Goto Hisanori , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Sato Takehiro , Yamamoto Reina , Takeshita Yumie , Nakano Yujiro , Kannon Takayuki , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Keita , Nakamura Masaharu , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Zhao Jiaye , Asai Atsushi , Katano Koji , Ogawa Aya , Fukushima Shinobu , Shibata Aki , Suzuki Fumihiko , Tsuboi Hirohito , Hara Akinori , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Karashima Shigehiro , Yoneda Takashi , Tajima Atsushi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Oxytocin supplementation improves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and animal studies suggest involvement of oxytocin in respiratory control. However, the relationship between endogenous oxytocin signaling and human sleep status remains undetermined.

Objective
In this study, we approached the contribution of the intrinsic oxytocin-oxytocin receptor (OXTR) system to OSA by genetic association analysis.

Methods
We analyzed the relationship between OXTR gene polymorphisms and sleep parameters using questionnaire data and sleep measurements in 305 Japanese participants. OSA symptoms were assessed in 225 of these individuals.

Results
The OXTR rs2254298 A allele was more frequent in those with OSA symptoms than in those without (P = .0087). Although total scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire did not differ between the genotypes, breathlessness and snoring symptoms associated with OSA were significantly more frequent in individuals with rs2254298 A genotype (P = .00045 and P = .0089 for recessive models, respectively) than the G genotype. A multivariable analysis confirmed these genotype-phenotype associations even after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, objective sleep efficiency measured by actigraph was not significantly different between genotypes; however, subjective sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the rs2254298 A genotype (P = .013) compared with the G genotype. The frequency of the A allele is higher in East Asians, which may contribute to their lean OSA phenotype.

Conclusion
The OXTR gene may contribute to OSA symptoms via the respiratory control system, although it could be in linkage disequilibrium with a true causal gene.
Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France
Authors: Weber Rosa , Ferry Mathieu , Ichou Mathieu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior research has found that immigrants are often overeducated: their educational attainment is higher than required or commonly observed in their occupation. Yet, less is known about the education–occupation mismatch among immigrants’ children and grandchildren (the second and third generations). Using the French Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2, 2019–2020) survey, we test theoretically grounded hypotheses on the level of vertical (educational attainment) and horizontal (field of study) mismatch in the first, second, and third generations as well as on the mechanisms underlying the mismatch. Results indicate that vertical mismatch is substantially lower in the second and third generations than in the first, supporting the hypothesis that vertical mismatch is largely the result of imperfect international transferability of credentials. By contrast, higher levels of horizontal mismatch persist in the second and third generations among men of non-European descent. Differences in horizontal mismatch between immigrants’ and natives’ descendants are largely accounted for by initial sorting into fields of study.
Feeding a rich diet supplemented with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide decreases lifespan and ovary size in Drosophila
Authors: Hwang Hye Jin , Cox Rachel T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Drosophila oogenesis has long been an important model for understanding myriad cellular processes controlling development, RNA biology and patterning. Flies are easily fed drugs to disrupt various molecular pathways. However, this is often done under poor nutrient conditions that adversely affect oogenesis, thus making analysis challenging. Cycloheximide is a widely used compound that binds to and stalls the ribosome, therefore reducing protein synthesis. As egg production is a highly nutrient-dependent process, we developed a method to feed female Drosophila a rich diet of yeast paste supplemented with cycloheximide to better determine the effect of cycloheximide treatment on oogenesis. We found that flies readily consumed cycloheximide-supplemented yeast paste. Males and females had reduced lifespans when maintained on cycloheximide, with males exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease. Although females did not exhibit decreased egg laying, their ovaries were smaller and the number of progeny reduced, indicating substandard egg quality. Finally, females fed cycloheximide had disrupted oogenesis, with smaller ovaries, missing ovariole stages, and an increase in apoptotic follicles. Together, these data support that reduced protein synthesis adversely affects oogenesis with a rich diet that provides optimal nutrient conditions. In addition, this method could be used more broadly to test the effect of other drugs on Drosophila oogenesis without the confounding effects caused by poor nutrition.
An Organoid Model for the Therapeutic Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Duo , Chen Zexin , Deng Weihao , Lan Jianqiang , Zhu Yu , Wang Huaiming , Xu Xing , Zhang Yuanxin , Wu Xiangwei , Yang Keli , Cai Jian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Consensus regarding the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for colorectal cancer (CRC) regimen remains elusive. In this study, patient-derived tumor organoids from CRC were utilized as a preclinical model for in vitro drug testing of HIPEC regimens commonly used in clinical practice. This approach was used to facilitate the clinical formulation of HIPEC.

Method
Tumor tissues and corresponding clinical data were obtained from patients diagnosed with CRC at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Qualified samples were cultured and passaged. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of in vitro hyperthermic perfusion using five different regimens, i.e. mitomycin C, mitomycin C combined with cisplatin, mitomycin C combined with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil.

Results
Tumor organoids obtained from 46 patients with CRC were cultured, and in vitro hyperthermic perfusion experiments were conducted on 42 organoids using five different regimens. The average inhibition rate of mitomycin C was 85.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80.4–89.9%), mitomycin C combined with cisplatin was 85.5% (95% CI 80.2–90.7%), mitomycin C combined with 5-fluorouracil was 65.6% (95% CI 59.6–71.6%), oxaliplatin was 37.9% (95% CI 31.5–44.3%), and oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil was 40.7% (95% CI 33.9–47.5%).

Conclusion
In vitro hyperthermic perfusion demonstrates that the inhibition rate of mitomycin C, both alone and in combination with cisplatin, surpasses that of the combination of mitomycin C with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. In clinical practice, the combination of mitomycin C and cisplatin can be regarded as the optimal choice for HIPEC in CRC.
Comparing Step Counting Algorithms for High-Resolution Wrist Accelerometry Data in NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Koffman Lily , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Muschelli John 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To quantify the relative performance of step counting algorithms in studies that collect free-living high-resolution wrist accelerometry data and to highlight the implications of using these algorithms in translational research.

Methods
Five step counting algorithms (four open source and one proprietary) were applied to the publicly available, free-living, high-resolution wrist accelerometry data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014. The mean daily total step counts were compared in terms of correlation, predictive performance, and estimated hazard ratios of mortality.

Results
The estimated number of steps were highly correlated (median = 0.91, range 0.77 to 0.98), had high and comparable predictive performance of mortality (median concordance = 0.72, range 0.70 to 0.73). The distributions of the number of steps in the population varied widely (mean step counts range from 2,453 to 12,169). Hazard ratios of mortality associated with a 500-step increase per day varied among step counting algorithms between HR = 0.88 and 0.96, corresponding to a 300% difference in mortality risk reduction ([1 − 0.88]/[1 − 0.96] = 3).

Conclusions
Different step counting algorithms provide correlated step estimates and have similar predictive performance that is better than traditional predictors of mortality. However, they provide widely different distributions of step counts and estimated reductions in mortality risk for a 500-step increase.
Correlation of cross-linking as measured by the trans-vinylene index and in vitro wear of polyethylene from various acetabular liner brands
Authors: Wahl Peter , Heuberger Roman , Pascucci Andrea , Imwinkelried Thomas , Fürstner Markus , Icken Niels , Schläppi Michel , Pourzal Robin , Gautier Emanuel 
Published: November 2024

AimsHighly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) greatly reduces wear in total hip arthroplasty, compared to conventional polyethylene (CPE). Cross-linking is commonly achieved by irradiation. This study aimed to compare the degree of cross-linking and in vitro wear rates across a cohort of retrieved and unused polyethylene cups/liners from various brands.MethodsPolyethylene acetabular cups/liners were collected at one centre from 1 April 2021 to 30 April 2022. The trans-vinylene index (TVI) and oxidation index (OI) were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Wear was measured using a pin-on-disk test.ResultsA total of 47 specimens from ten brands were included. The TVI was independent of time in vivo. A linear correlation (R2 = 0.995) was observed between the old and current TVI standards, except for vitamin E-containing polyethylene. The absorbed irradiation dose calculated from the TVI corresponded to product specifications for all but two products. For one electron beam-irradiated HXLPE, a mean dose of 241% (SD 18%) of specifications was determined. For another, gamma-irradiated HXLPE, a mean 41% (SD 13%) of specifications was determined. Lower wear was observed for higher TVI.ConclusionThe TVI is a reliable measure of the absorbed irradiation dose and does not alter over time in vivo. The products of various brands differ by manufacturing details and consequently cross-linking characteristics. Absorption and penetration of electron radiation and gamma radiation differ, potentially leading to higher degrees of cross-linking for electron radiation. There is a non-linear, inverse correlation between TVI and in vitro wear. The wear resistance of the HXLPE with low TVI was reduced and more comparable to CPE.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(11):682–693.
High-power 120  fs pulses at 1.23  GHz from a single-mode Er/Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Kadioglu Melih Kayra , Aslan Burak , Elahi Parviz 
Published: November 2024

We present a compact single-mode erbium-doped master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) fiber laser that can directly produce 100 fs pulses at 2.2 W and 120 fs pulses at 4.5 W average power. The laser operates at 1.2 GHz pulse repetition rate, with a central wavelength at around 1550 nm. The laser system consists of a passively mode-locked oscillator with a repetition rate of 77.6 MHz and an average power of 16.3 mW. Using a repetition rate multiplier consisting of five 50/50 couplers, we achieved pulses with a repetition rate of 1.23 GHz. The output was increased to an approximately 4.5 W average, corresponding to about 3.6 nJ pulse energy using only one amplifier stage comprising a cladding pump 10/125 erbium-ytterbium (Er/Yb) co-doped gain fiber. We characterized the system by measuring the optical spectrum and intensity autocorrelation at different output powers, 1.5 W, 2 W, 2.2 W, 3 W, 4 W, and 4.5 W. Finally, we used numerical simulations to study the pulse and optical spectrum evolutions in the fiber, and investigated the output pulse and spectrum at different output powers. We achieved a very good agreement with experimental results, inferring the pulse dynamics and its power scaling limitations.
Low-noise tunable high-repetition-frequency fiber laser based on an active–passive hybrid mode-locking mechanism
Authors: Pan Renshun , Fu Yanwei , Xiao Peiyuan , Zhang Chenghao , Hao Shikun , Liu Zhi , Ma Wanzhuo 
Published: November 2024

A hybrid mode-locked fiber laser that effectively combines the nonlinear polarization
rotation (NPR) effect and active mode locking is designed and
constructed. In the experiments, mode-locked pulse trains of first to
64th order with selectable harmonic mode locking, corresponding to
repetition rates from 16.09 MHz to 1.029 GHz, were
realized, and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 69.45 dB at
1.029 GHz proved the excellent stability of the laser output.
The birefringence filter, consisting of a bias-preserving pigtail at
the input of the modulator and a polarization controller, allows the
laser to achieve a multi-wavelength output of up to eight channels.
The inclusion of an NPR structure in the cavity effectively improves
the SNR of the actively mode-locked harmonic pulses compared to a
single-mechanism mode-locked laser. The laser provides a stable light
source for the development of practical optical frequency combs.