bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume Replacement Fluid Demarks Benign Insulinoma With 68Ga-DOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT
Authors: Antwi Kwadwo , Nicolas Guillaume , Fani Melpomeni , Christ Emanuel , Wild Damian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Insulinomas are often difficult to localize. We present a 47-year-old woman who had recurrent neuroglycopenic symptoms and positive Whipple triad for 28 months. The 14 hours of fasting test confirmed the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia which is highly suspicious for the presence of an insulinoma. Previously performed MRI, endoscopic ultrasound, 111In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT, and 68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT did not show any evidence of an insulinoma. Subsequently, 68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT was repeated with the previous infusion of a colloidal volume replacement fluid (Gelofusine), known to reduce 68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 accumulation in the kidneys. Consequently, the insulinoma was unmasked from the left kidney, allowing curative surgery.
Correlation of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT Imaging Findings and Clinical Staging of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Gupta Vanshika , Ranjan Rajeev , Verma Ritu , Belho Ethel S. , Malik Dharmender , Mahajan Harsh 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The aims of this study were to evaluate 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging patterns and to assess their correlation with disease severity in clinically diagnosed patients of Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
The study included 241 patients with clinically diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson disease who underwent 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT/CT scan. Binding ratios were calculated for each striatum, caudate, and putamen individually, by drawing region of interest. Occipital cortex region of interest was taken for background correction. Correlation of binding ratio with increasing clinical stage was derived, as described by modified Hoehn and Yahr scale.

Results
Median binding ratio was least in the contralateral putamen for all stages of modified Hoehn and Yahr. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between increasing disease severity and binding ratio in all subregions of striatum. Patients were clinically categorized into postural instability and gait disorder group and tremor-dominant PD group. No significant asymmetry was found between the left and right striatum in patients belonging to postural instability and gait disorder group and in those with bilateral tremors without lateralization.

Conclusions

99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT is useful in early detection and in assessing disease severity of PD. A significant asymmetry with the contralateral side being affected more than the ipsilateral side can be attributed to tremor-dominant patients. The binding ratio of the ipsilateral striatum may serve useful as a marker of remaining functional dopaminergic neuronal reserve in the striatum.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LII
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The study of positive psychology has brought to light multiple ways to improve one's ability to bounce back from setbacks and deal better with stress. The individual should focus on his/her accomplishments, not dwell on mistakes, work to improve relationships with others, find meaning in work, and spend the time required to have happiness. Being able to recognize when situations are too stressful and understand the need to take breaks from them, especially by acquiring new knowledge, is important and effective. It is often quite helpful to utilize coaching based on positive psychology to improve one's resiliency and recover from burnout.
Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Thoracic Spine
Authors: Shen Guohua , Ma Huan , Pan Lili , Su Minggang , Kuang Anren 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
D-TGCT (diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor) is a benign proliferative disorder of the synovial membranes that usually occurs in the appendicular skeleton, especially large joints such as the knee, hip, and elbow. It rarely involves the spine. In this report, we describe a rare case of D-TGCT in the thoracic spine, which showed a lytic lesion with high FDG uptake. It can mimic metastases or neurogenic tumors and should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal tumors.
Postoperative Pain Management Following Craniosynostosis Repair: Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors: Brown Stav , Yao Amy , Sanati-Mehrizy Paymon , Zackai Sheemon P. , Taub Peter J. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Postoperative analgesia following craniosynostosis repair is a clinical challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. There is a paucity of published data on the postoperative pain associated with craniosynostosis repair procedures and the prescribed analgesia varies with different unit protocols. The authors sought to summarize the current knowledge of the postoperative analgesia following craniosynostosis repair by reviewing the literature for existing regimens, clinical outcomes, and recommendations.Methods:Two independent investigators conducted a literature search of the Pubmed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases for relevant clinical studies. Studies were abstracted for procedure type, postoperative pain management protocol, pain scores, side effects, complications, and clinical recommendations.Results:Ten studies describing the use of analgesic agents in open craniosynostosis surgery from 2000 to 2018 were fully reviewed, comprising a total of 431 patients undergoing surgical procedures using a combination regimen of narcotic and nonnarcotic agents (n = 315) and nonnarcotic agents alone (n = 116).Conclusion:Multimodal analgesia is the primary regimen used following open craniosynostosis repair procedures. Opioids are a critical component in pain management regimens, relieving patient discomfort. However, due to the deleterious effects that come with their prolonged use, intravenous acetaminophen is currently used as an alternative in many centers. The preferred mode of pain medication administration in the pediatric population is increasingly via the intravenous route which ensures that a full dose of pain medication is given. The authors suggest the use of dexmedetomidine, both an adjunct to intravenous acetaminophen and as a substitute for morphine due to its superior safety and efficacy profile.
Prediction of Minimally Conscious State With Brain Stem Reflexes in Unconscious Patients After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bao Yun , Mao Jian , Mei Fen , Liu Fan , Qi Songtao , Qiu Binghui 
Published: March 2019

Objective:To evaluate the predictive power of the brain stem reflexes (BSRs) for minimally conscious state in unconscious patients after traumatic brain injury.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 patients with duration of unconsciousness were enrolled in this study. BSRs were recorded 14 days after Traumatic brain injury, and classified into 3 grades. Predictors including BSRs, age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and cause of injury were also analyzed, respectively. The outcome was divided into 2 groups including unconscious group and minimally conscious state (MCS) group.Results:Seventy-two of 120 were minimally conscious and 48 of 120 were unconscious at 6 months from the onset of injury. The BSRs outmatched the predictive accuracy of the GCS for outcome (AUROC, 0.853; 95% confidence interval, 0.753–0.953; and AUROC, 0.655; 95% confidence interval, 0.512–0.799, respectively). BSRs grade (P < 0.001) and GCS (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with the outcome. The accuracy of the whole regression model for predicting unconscious and MCS was 91.7% and 79.2%, respectively.Conclusion:The BSRs grade shows a significantly higher accuracy for prediction of MCS compared with the GCS. BSRs grade is a simple, yet reliable and stratification tool for early decision making.
Less Is More in Congenital and Pediatric Nasal Lesions
Authors: Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Fahradyan Artur , Tsuha Michaela , Goel Pedram , Starnes-Roubaud Margaret , Howell Lori K. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. , Urata Mark M. , Magee William 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Congenital and pediatric nasal lesion resection and their reconstructive outcomes are not well studied. A surgeon must consider the site, size, depth, etiology, age, and effect on future function (including growth). As such, it is important to contrast the differences between the adult's and child's nose. The authors propose that more conservative resection and reconstructive methods may better serve congenital and pediatric nasal lesions. An Internal Review Board approved study of congenital and pediatric nasal lesions using a defect only approach from 2005 to 2017 was performed. Lesions, type of surgeries, complications, aesthetic outcome, and additional interventions were reviewed. One hundred twenty-seven patients met the study criteria with a median age at surgery of 5.4 years with follow-up of 1.4 years (1 week–11.3 years). The most common diagnosis was congenital melanocytic nevus (47, 37%). The lesions were located on more than 1 subunit in 34 (27%) patients with an average surface area of 3.7 (0.04–32) cm2. The most common primary procedure was excision and primary closure with adjacent tissue undermining/rearrangement (73, 57.4%) followed by full-thickness skin graft (23, 18.1%). The aesthetic outcome was considered acceptable in a high number of patients 117 (92%), while 10 (8%) patients had unacceptable aesthetic outcomes, mostly due to scarring. The authors’ data supports the concept of minimal healthy tissue excision or lesion only excision when treating pediatric and congenital nasal lesions.
Eagle Syndrome: A Wide Spectrum of Clinical and Neuroradiological Findings From Cervico-Facial Pain to Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Galletta Karol , Siniscalchi Enrico Nastro , Cicciù Marco , Velo Mariano , Granata Francesca 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Eagle syndrome (ES) is a rare symptomatic condition generally caused by abnormal elongation of the styloid process or calcification of stylo-hyoid ligament.
Patients with ES typically present a variety of symptoms, which range from mild discomfort to acute neurologic and referred pain in head-and-neck region.
Eagle syndrome could be identified through physical examination but often goes undetected in the absence of imaging studies.
Although uncommon, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with cervico-facial pain.
The authors report 3 cases with clinical evidence of ES, including both neurologic and vascular patterns, with a clinical and radiological diagnosis.
The authors also propose a brief review of its main clinical presentations, diagnostic studies, and part of treatment options of the syndrome.
The Second Division of Trigeminal Nerve for Corneal Neurotization: A Novel One-Stage Technique in Combination With Facial Reanimation
Authors: Gennaro Paolo , Gabriele Guido , Aboh Ikenna Valentine , Cascino Flavia , Menicacci Cristina , Mazzotta Cosimo , Bagaglia Simone 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Corneal neurotization represents an effective surgical strategy to restore corneal sensibility in patients affected by neurotrophic keratopathy.
Corneal sensibility is essential in preserving structure and function of the eye. Loss of corneal sensibility can lead to a degenerative condition of the cornea known as neurotrophic keratopathy.
Moreover, patients suffering from facial palsy show failure of full eyelid closure resulting in chronic corneal exposure and subsequent progressive damage.
Reports have shown that the use of the contralateral ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve can be effective in restoring corneal sensibility. In the present study the authors expose a new technique by means of which direct neurotization of the anesthetic cornea was achieved using the homolateral second division of the trigeminal nerve. Effectiveness of the technique was evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy.
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of this technique in literature.
Use of Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio to Predict Patient Satisfaction After Septoplasty Plus Inferior Turbinate Reduction
Authors: Kökoğlu Kerem , Şahin Mehmet Ilhan 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
Investigation of the predictive value of neutrophil, platelet, eosinophil, and basophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, PLR, ELR, and BLR) in evaluation of patients’ satisfaction of septoplasty + inferior turbinate reduction operations.

Patients and Methods:
Seventy-six patients who were operated because of nasal obstruction were enrolled in the study. They were invited to the hospital and asked to answer a modified nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) survey to determine their degree of satisfaction. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their modified NOSE survey results, dissatisfied and satisfied groups. The 2 groups were compared in terms of demographic data, surgery, and hematological values. In addition, correlation analysis was performed between NLR, PLR, ELR, BLR, and modified NOSE scores.

Results:
There were 29 patients in the dissatisfied group and 47 patients in the satisfied group. Both groups were similar in terms of mean age, gender, surgery type, septal deviation type, smoking, hemoglobin, neutrophil, and white blood count (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of ELR and BLR (P < 0.05). In addition, there were negative and statistically significant correlations between modified NOSE scores and ELR and BLR. As ELR and BLR values increased, the satisfaction rate decreased.

Conclusion:
Eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio and BLR could be used to predict patient satisfaction after septoplasty and inferior turbinate reduction and for selection of patients.
Intrathecal therapy for pain in cancer patients
Authors: Dupoiron Denis 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) for cancer pain remain little employed despite a high level of efficiency even though the technique is widely recommended. This review aims to summarize recent advances in IDDS for cancer patients.

Recent findings
The respective roles of catheter positioning, volume and flow rate in diffusion of intrathecal treatments, as well as the individual roles of blood pressure, heart rate, and amplitude of the respiratory movements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) treatment dispersion, are now well established. Models are available using MRI data. Morphine has long been the gold standard in first line treatment, but recent publications conclude that ziconotide has largely proven its efficiency and that adverse effects are controllable. Four recent publications have evaluated cohorts of cancer patients treated by IDDS in 315 patients. All found a great efficiency of intrathecal treatment for cancer pain. Technical innovations include new catheters and anchorage devices for easier placement and a lower rate of complication. Three-dimensional (3D) CT scan appears to be a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of catheter complications. Ultrasound should be used to locate pump septum for refill.

Summary
All recent recommendations highlight the efficiency of IDDS and propose to use it sooner.
Augmentation of T-cell activation by oscillatory forces and engineered antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Majedi Fatemeh S. , Hasani-Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi , Thauland Timothy J. , Li Song , Bouchard Louis-S. , Butte Manish J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractActivation of T cells by antigen presenting cells allows them to proliferate, produce cytokines, and kill infected or cancerous cells. We and others have shown that T cell receptors receive and in fact require mechanical forces from their own movements and the movements of antigen presenting cells. Emulation of T cell activation in vitro allows for the massive expansion of T cells necessary for clinical applications. In this paper, we studied the impact of augmenting novel artificial antigen presenting cells of various sizes and antigenic signal strength with mechanical, oscillatory movement. We showed that dynamic culture roughly doubles signal strength as compared to conventional, static culture. We demonstrated that tuning the strength of signal to a “sweet spot” allows for robust expansion of induced regulatory T cells, which is impeded by approaches that simply maximize activation.
Diversity and relative abundance of Collembola in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) field at Aligarh
Authors: Abbas Mohammad Jalaluddin , Parwez Hina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCollembolans are novel indicators of soil quality as they are enormously diversified in agricultural soils. However, their abundance is ever dynamic due to the dynamic climatic conditions. In order to ascertain the diversity and relative abundance of Collembola associated with wheat field, soil samples were taken at weekly intervals from selected field of Quarsi village located at Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh (India). Total 20 samples were taken for the site study during the investigation period and soil microarthropods extracted by using modified Tullgren funnel apparatus. The results of our study showed that, the species diversity of Collembolans mainly consists of individuals belonging to family Entomobryoidae, Isotomidae, Hypogastruridae and Sminthuridae. Among these, Hypogastrurides were dominant (56.84 %) in entire community of Collembola. Soil temperature was negatively correlated (r = −0.932, P<0.05) with reference to Collembolans population, whereas soil moisture (r = 0.502, P>0.05) as well as available nitrogen (r = 0.656, P>0.05) both were positively correlated. The highest population of Collembolans was recorded at neutral pH level. In terms of numbers of soil microarthropods, Collembolans apparently constituted a better population than the other diverse group of soil microarthropods such as Acari(mites). The present study has shown profound diversity of Collembolans and highlights the significance of the variety of chemical and edaphic factors which regulate the fluctuation and diversity of microarthropods in a varied manner.
Do questionnaires reflect their purported cognitive functions?
Authors: Clark Ian A. , Maguire Eleanor A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuestionnaires are used widely across psychology and permit valuable insights into a person’s thoughts and beliefs, which are difficult to derive from task performance measures alone. Given their importance and widespread use, it is vital that questionnaires map onto the cognitive functions they purport to reflect. However, where performance on naturalistic tasks such as imagination, autobiographical memory, future thinking and navigation is concerned, there is a dearth of knowledge about the relationships between task performance and questionnaire measures. Questionnaires are also typically designed to probe a specific aspect of cognition, when instead researchers sometimes want to obtain a broad profile of a participant. To the best of our knowledge, no questionnaire exists that asks simple single questions about a wide range of cognitive functions. To address these gaps in the literature, we recruited a large sample of participants (n = 217), all of whom completed a battery of widely used questionnaires and performed naturalistic tasks involving imagination, autobiographical memory, future thinking and navigation. We also devised a questionnaire that comprised simple single questions about the cognitive functions of interest. There were four main findings. First, imagination and navigation questionnaires reflected performance on their related tasks. Second, memory questionnaires were associated with autobiographical memory vividness and not internal (episodic) details. Third, imagery questionnaires were more associated with autobiographical memory vividness and future thinking than the questionnaires purporting to reflect these functions. Finally, initial exploratory analyses suggested that a broad profile of information can be obtained efficiently using a small number of simple single questions, and these modelled task performance comparably to established questionnaires in young, healthy adults. Overall, while some questionnaires can act as proxies for behaviour, the relationships between memory and future thinking tasks and questionnaires are more complex and require further elucidation.
Human lateral Frontal Pole contributes to control over social-emotional action
Authors: Bramson Bob , Folloni Davide , Verhagen Lennart , Hartogsveld Bart , Mars Rogier B. , Toni Ivan , Roelofs Karin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRegulation of emotional behavior is essential for human social interactions. Recent work has exposed its cognitive complexity, as well as its unexpected reliance on portions of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) also involved in exploration, relational reasoning, and counterfactual choice, rather than on dorsolateral and medial prefrontal areas involved in several forms of cognitive control. This study anatomically qualifies the contribution of aPFC territories to the regulation of social-emotional actions, and explores a possible structural pathway through which emotional regulation might be implemented.We provide converging evidence from task-based fMRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and functional connectivity fingerprints for a novel neural element in emotional regulation. Task-based fMRI in human male participants (N = 40) performing a social-emotional approach-avoidance task identified aPFC territories involved in the regulation of social-emotional actions. Connectivity fingerprints, based on diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state connectivity, localized those task-defined frontal regions to the lateral frontal pole (FPl), an anatomically-defined portion of the aPFC that lacks a homologous counterpart in macaque brains. Probabilistic tractography indicated that 10-20% of inter-individual variation in social-emotional regulation abilities is accounted for by the strength of structural connectivity between FPl and amygdala. Evidence from an independent replication sample (N = 50; 10 females) further substantiated this result. These findings provide novel neuroanatomical evidence for incorporating FPl in models of control over human social-emotional behavior.Significance statementSuccessful regulation of emotional behaviors is a prerequisite for successful participation in human society, as is evidenced by the social isolation and loss of occupational opportunities often encountered by people suffering from emotion-regulation disorders such as social-anxiety disorder and psychopathy. Knowledge about the precise cortical regions and connections supporting this control is crucial for understanding both the nature of computations needed to successfully traverse the space of possible actions in social situations, and the potential interventions that might result in efficient treatment of social-emotional disorders. This study provides evidence for a precise cortical region (FPl) and a structural pathway (the ventral amygdalofugal bundle) through which a cognitively complex form of emotional action regulation might be implemented in the human brain.