bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding invisible quantitative trait loci with missing data
Authors: Gabur Iulian , Chawla Harmeet S. , Liu Xiwei , Kumar Vinod , Faure Sébastien , von Tiedemann Andreas , Jestin Christophe , Dryzska Emmanuelle , Volkmann Susann , Breuer Frank , Delourme Régine , Snowdon Rod , Obermeier Christian 
Published: May 2018

SummaryEvolutionary processes during plant polyploidization and speciation have led to extensive presence–absence variation (PAV) in crop genomes, and there is increasing evidence that PAV associates with important traits. Today, high‐resolution genetic analysis in major crops frequently implements simple, cost‐effective, high‐throughput genotyping from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) hybridization arrays; however, these are normally not designed to distinguish PAV from failed SNP calls caused by hybridization artefacts. Here, we describe a strategy to recover valuable information from single nucleotide absence polymorphisms (SNaPs) by population‐based quality filtering of SNP hybridization data to distinguish patterns associated with genuine deletions from those caused by technical failures. We reveal that including SNaPs in genetic analyses elucidate segregation of small to large‐scale structural variants in nested association mapping populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), a recent polyploid crop with widespread structural variation. Including SNaP markers in genomewide association studies identified numerous quantitative trait loci, invisible using SNP markers alone, for resistance to two major fungal diseases of oilseed rape, Sclerotinia stem rot and blackleg disease. Our results indicate that PAV has a strong influence on quantitative disease resistance in B. napus and that SNaP analysis using cost‐effective SNP array data can provide extensive added value from ‘missing data’. This strategy might also be applicable for improving the precision of genetic mapping in many important crop species.
Kawasaki disease and vasculitis associated with immunization
Authors: Chang Arthur , Islam Shamim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe etiology and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) remain poorly understood. Among the diverse infectious and environmental factors examined to be triggers for, or be associated with, KD, are immunizations. In this report, we first describe the case of a Caucasian girl who presented with classic KD shortly after receiving her routine 4 months vaccination series. Prior published case reports and large epidemiological studies, which explore potential associations between immunization and KD and other vasculitides, are then comprehensively reviewed. The methodologic challenges that complicate analysis in this area are also considered.
Photoprotective Effects of a Multifunctional Hair Care Formulation Containing Botanical Extracts, Vitamins, and UV Filters
Authors: Leite Marcella Gabarra Almeida , Maia Campos Patricia M. B. G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a multifunctional hair care formulation—Hair BB Cream—containing botanical extracts of Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Euterpe orleacea, vitamins, amino acids, UV filters, and silicones for hair treatment and prevention of UV damages. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the botanical extracts was evaluated using the DPPH and chemiluminescence methods. A tensile test, combability, shine, and image analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. To evaluate protection against UV damage, the hair strands were submitted to UV radiation without and with the application of the Hair BB Cream. The results showed that the application of the Hair BB Cream promoted a reduction in combability values and an increase in break stress and gloss values. After exposure to UV radiation, the hair treated with the BB Cream formulation showed no difference in the mechanical properties test, indicating protection against UV damage. In conclusion, the multifunctional formulation showed several benefits of single product acting in the prevention of UV damage and the treatment of hair damage. Thus, the Hair BB Cream proposed can be suggested as an effective multifunctional hair care product.
A giant type I polyketide synthase participates in zygospore maturation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Heimerl Natalie , Hommel Elisabeth , Westermann Martin , Meichsner Doreen , Lohr Martin , Hertweck Christian , Grossman Arthur R. , Mittag Maria , Sasso Severin 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPolyketide synthases (PKSs) occur in many bacteria, fungi and plants. They are highly versatile enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of a large variety of compounds including antimicrobial agents, polymers associated with bacterial cell walls and plant pigments. While harmful algae are known to produce polyketide toxins, sequences of the genomes of non‐toxic algae, including those of many green algal species, have surprisingly revealed the presence of genes encoding type I PKSs. The genome of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) contains a single type I PKS gene, designated PKS1 (Cre10.g449750), which encodes a giant PKS with a predicted mass of 2.3 MDa. Here, we show that PKS1 is induced in 2‐day‐old zygotes and is required for their development into zygospores, the dormant stage of the zygote. Wild‐type zygospores contain knob‐like structures (~50 nm diameter) that form at the cell surface and develop a central cell wall layer; both of these structures are absent from homozygous pks1 mutants. Additionally, in contrast to wild‐type zygotes, chlorophyll degradation is delayed in homozygous pks1 mutant zygotes, indicating a disruption in zygospore development. In agreement with the role of the PKS in the formation of the highly resistant zygospore wall, mutant zygotes have lost the formidable desiccation tolerance of wild‐type zygotes. Together, our results represent functional analyses of a PKS mutant in a photosynthetic eukaryotic microorganism, revealing a central function for polyketides in the sexual cycle and survival under stressful environmental conditions.
Computed tomography is a feasible method for quantifying bone density in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Solís‐Chávez Salvador A. , Castillo‐Rivera Manuel A. , Arteaga‐Silva Marcela , Ibáñez‐Contreras Alejandra , Hernández‐Godínez Braulio , Morón‐Mendoza Andrés , Mendoza‐Cuevas Gamaliel , Morales‐Guadarrama Axayácatl , Sacristan‐Rock Emilio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOsteopathologies are a result of advanced age and decreased bone density and represent a global health problem. It is therefore important to generate models for longitudinal studies of the pathophysiology in order to improve early diagnosis and develop preventive therapies. For this kind of research, the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate bone health offers advantages over other techniques since it provides more complete information. The aim of this prospective, pilot study was to obtain measurements of the left femur from a population in captivity of 32 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in order to standardize the model for future research. Healthy subjects from 5 to 28 years old were chosen. Three groups with different ages were formed as follows: (1) 5–9 years, (2) 10–19 years, and (3) 20–28 years. Semi‐automatic segmentation by threshold defined the regions of interest, which were subdivided in the range of 300–700 Hounsfield units (HU) for trabecular bone and >700 HU for cortical bone. Then, the proportional ratios of the volumes of trabecular bone and cortical bone were obtained. Significant differences (analysis of variance test) in the averages of Hounsfield units, cortical, and trabecular bone proportions from each age group proved that a decrease in bone density begins at approximately 20 years of age. The values presented here, as well as the method to obtain them from CT scans, can be used as a baseline in a primate model for long‐term research in bone pathology diagnosis and treatment.
Improving Health Care for Critically Ill Patients Using an Evidence‐Based Collaborative Approach to ABCDEF Bundle Dissemination and Implementation
Authors: Barnes‐Daly Mary Ann , Pun Brenda T. , Harmon Lori A. , Byrum Diane G. , Kumar Vishakha K. , Devlin John W. , Stollings Joanna L. , Puntillo Kathleen A. , Engel Heidi J. , Posa Patricia J. , Barr Juliana , Schweickert William D. , Esbrook Cheryl L. , Hargett Ken D. , Carson Shannon S. , Aldrich J. Matthew , Ely E. Wesley , Balas Michele C. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) often experience pain, oversedation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, delirium, and weakness. These conditions are important in that they often lead to protracted physical, neurocognitive, and mental health sequelae now termed postintensive care syndrome. Changing current ICU practice will not only require the adoption of evidence‐based interventions but the development of effective and reliable teams to support these new practices.ObjectivesTo build on the success of bundled care and bridge an ongoing evidence‐practice gap, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) recently launched the ICU Liberation ABCDEF Bundle Improvement Collaborative. The Collaborative aimed to foster the bedside application of the SCCM's Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Guidelines via the ABCDEF bundle. The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of the Collaborative, the evidence‐based implementation strategies used to foster change and teamwork, and the performance and outcome metrics used to monitor progress.MethodsCollaborative participants were required to attend four in‐person meetings, monthly colearning calls, database training sessions, an e‐Community listserv, and select in‐person site visits. Teams submitted patient‐level data and completed pre‐ and postimplementation questionnaires focused on the assessment of teamwork and collaboration, work environment, and overall ICU care. Faculty shared the evidence used to derive each bundle element as well as team‐based implementation strategies for improvement and sustainment.ResultsRetention in the Collaborative was high, with 67 of 69 adult and eight of nine pediatric ICUs fully completing the program. Baseline and prospective data were collected on over 17,000 critically ill patients. A variety of evidence‐based professional behavioral change interventions and novel implementation techniques were utilized and shared among Collaborative members.Linking Evidence to ActionHospitals and health systems can use the Collaborative structure, strategies, and tools described in this paper to help successfully implement the ABCDEF bundle in their ICUs.
Influence of graviceptor stimulation initiated by off‐vertical axis rotation on ventilation
Authors: Kuldavletova O. , Marie S. , Denise P. , Normand H. 
Published: May 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
It is known that respiration is affected by graviceptors, but it remains unclear to what extent labyrinthine and non‐labyrinthine graviceptors are involved in this process.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Our results suggest that the modulation of respiration is not a result of a simple reflex arc, but that it involves a higher integration of different types of receptors with variable contributions of either type of graviceptor among subjects.
AbstractIt has been suggested that the otolith system is involved in the physiological response to changes in body orientation with respect to gravity. In studies on animals, an otolith–respiratory reflex has been observed, but data on humans are scarce and inconclusive, mainly because pure otolithic stimulation is difficult to produce in humans. To assess the otolithic–respiratory reflex in humans, we used an off‐vertical axis rotation (OVAR) that produces periodic and pure stimulation of graviceptors. The inspiratory flow was measured during earth vertical axis rotation (EVAR, control conditions) and OVAR in 21 subjects. To distinguish the effects of the labyrinthine and non‐labyrinthine graviceptors on ventilation, these measurements were repeated with two different static head positions: head turned leftward and rightward in yaw. The velocity of rotation was individually selected to match spontaneous breathing rate (mean 11.4 cycles min−1, 0.19 Hz). Average ventilatory flow was higher in OVAR than in EVAR, as was tidal volume. In OVAR, the transition between inspiration and expiration occurred mainly in the forward pitch position. The phase of this transition in most subjects was driven mostly by the body position rather than by the head position, suggesting that respiratory modifications during OVAR mainly involved non‐labyrinthine receptors. However, the study demonstrated a high intersubject variability both in the ability of OVAR to synchronize breathing and in the influence of labyrinthine stimulation. We conclude that the respiratory response to changes in orientation of the body with respect to the vertical involves labyrinthine and non‐labyrinthine stimulation, with the gain of each signal varying individually.
Five-Year National Surveillance of Invasive Candidiasis: Species Distribution and Azole Susceptibility from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) Study
Authors: Xiao Meng , Sun Zi-Yong , Kang Mei , Guo Da-Wen , Liao Kang , Chen Sharon C.-A. , Kong Fanrong , Fan Xin , Cheng Jing-Wei , Hou Xin , Zhou Meng-Lan , Li Ying , Yu Shu-Ying , Huang Jing-Jing , Wang He , Xu Ying-Chun ,   on behalf of the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) Study Group Ying-Chun Xu Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing He Wang Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Mei Kang West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province Yu-Ling Xiao West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province Zi-Yong Sun Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province Zhong-Ju Chen Tongji Hospi
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Data on the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) and the antifungal susceptibility of
Candida
isolates in China are still limited. Here we report on surveillance for IC from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) study. Sixty-five tertiary hospitals collected 8,829
Candida
isolates from 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2014. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry supplemented by ribosomal DNA sequencing was used to define the species, and the fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion method. A total of 32
Candida
species were identified.
Candida albicans
was the most common species (44.9%), followed by the
C. parapsilosis
complex (20.0%),
C. tropicalis
(17.2%), and the
C. glabrata
complex (10.8%), with other species comprising <3% of isolates. However, in candidemia, the proportion of cases caused by
C. albicans
was only 32.3%.
C. albicans
and
C. parapsilosis
complex isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole (<6% resistance), while fluconazole and azole cross-resistance rates were high in
C. tropicalis
(13.3% and 12.9%, respectively),
C. glabrata
complex (18.7% and 14%, respectively), and uncommon
Candida
species (44.1% and 10.3%, respectively) isolates. Moreover, from years 1 to 5 of the study, there was a significant increase in the rates of resistance to fluconazole among
C. glabrata
complex isolates (12.2% to 24.0%) and to both fluconazole (5.7% to 21.0%) and voriconazole (5.7% to 21.4%) among
C. tropicalis
isolates (
P
< 0.01 for all comparisons). Geographic variations in the causative species and susceptibilities were noted. Our findings indicate that antifungal resistance has become noteworthy in China, and enhanced surveillance is warranted.
The Antiviral Activity of the Cellular Glycoprotein LGALS3BP/90K Is Species Specific
Authors: Lodermeyer Veronika , Ssebyatika George , Passos Vânia , Ponnurangam Aparna , Malassa Angelina , Ewald Ellen , Stürzel Christina M. , Kirchhoff Frank , Rotger Margalida , Falk Christine S. , Telenti Amalio , Krey Thomas , Goffinet Christine 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Cellular antiviral proteins interfere with distinct steps of replication cycles of viruses. The galectin 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP, also known as 90K) was previously shown to lower the infectivity of nascent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions when expressed in virus-producing cells. This antiviral effect was accompanied by impaired gp160Env processing and reduced viral incorporation of mature Env glycoproteins. Here, we examined the ability of 90K orthologs from primate species to reduce the particle infectivity of distinct lentiviruses. We show that 90K's ability to diminish the infectivity of lentiviral particles is conserved within primate species, with the notable exception of 90K from rhesus macaque. Comparison of active and inactive 90K orthologs and variants uncovered the fact that inhibition of processing of the HIV-1 Env precursor and reduction of cell surface expression of HIV-1 Env gp120 are required, but not sufficient, for 90K-mediated antiviral activity. Rather, 90K-mediated reduction of virion-associated gp120 coincided with antiviral activity, suggesting that 90K impairs the incorporation of HIV-1 Env into budding virions. We show that a single “humanizing” amino acid exchange in the BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac)/POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain is sufficient to fully rescue the antiviral activity of a shortened version of rhesus macaque 90K, but not that of the full-length protein. Comparison of the X-ray structures of the BTB/POZ domains of 90K from rhesus macaques and humans point toward a slightly larger hydrophobic patch at the surface of the rhesus macaque BTB domain that may modulate a direct interaction with either a second 90K domain or a different protein.

IMPORTANCE
The cellular 90K protein has been shown to diminish the infectivity of nascent HIV-1 particles. When produced in 90K-expressing cells, particles bear smaller amounts of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein, which is essential for attaching to and entering new target cells in the subsequent infection round. However, whether the antiviral function of 90K is conserved across primates is unknown. Here, we found that 90K orthologs from most primate species, but, surprisingly, not from rhesus macaques, inhibit HIV-1. The introduction of a single amino acid exchange into a short version of the rhesus macaque 90K protein, consisting of the two intermediate domains of 90K, resulted in full restoration of antiviral activity. Structural elucidation of the respective domain suggests that the absence of antiviral activity in the rhesus macaque factor may be linked to a subtle change in protein-protein interaction.
Adverse effects of small for gestational age differ by gestational week among very preterm infants
Authors: Jensen Erik A , Foglia Elizabeth E , Dysart Kevin C , Simmons Rebecca A , Aghai Zubair H , Cook Alison , Greenspan Jay S , DeMauro Sara B 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo characterise the excess risk for death, grade 3–4 intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and stage 3–5 retinopathy of prematurity independently associated with birth small for gestational age (SGA) among very preterm infants, stratified by completed weeks of gestation.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using the Optum Neonatal Database. Study infants were born <32 weeks gestation without severe congenital anomalies. SGA was defined as a birth weight <10th percentile. The excess outcome risk independently associated with SGA birth among SGA babies was assessed using adjusted risk differences (aRDs).ResultsOf 6708 infants sampled from 717 US hospitals, 743 (11.1%) were SGA. SGA compared with non-SGA infants experienced higher unadjusted rates of each study outcome except grade 3–4 IVH among survivors. The excess risk independently associated with SGA birth varied by outcome and gestational age. The highest aRD for death (0.27; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.40) occurred among infants born at 24 weeks gestation and declined as gestational age increased. In contrast, the peak aRDs for BPD among survivors (0.32; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.44) and the composites of death or BPD (0.35; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.46) and death or major morbidity (0.35; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.45) occurred at 27 weeks gestation. The risk-adjusted probability of dying or developing one or more of the evaluated morbidities among SGA infants was similar to that of non-SGA infants born approximately 2–3 weeks less mature.ConclusionThe excess risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with being born SGA varies by adverse outcome and gestational age.
Evaluation of the association between sleep duration and tooth loss among Korean adults: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2012–2014)
Authors: Han Kyungdo , Park Jun-Beom 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThis study assessed the association between sleep duration and tooth loss using nationally representative data. In this study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression analysis models.SettingThe present study analysed data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2012 and 2014.ParticipantsA total of 14 675 respondents over 19 years old without missing values were included in this study.Exposure and primary outcome measuresSleep duration and tooth loss.ResultsParticipants with a sleep duration of 6–8 hours showed the lowest prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, periodontitis and meeting the waist circumference criteria for metabolic syndrome. Adjusted OR and their 95% CI of male individuals with fewer than 25 natural teeth were 1.426 (1.113 to 1.827), 1.290 (1.074 to 1.548), 0.988 (0.853 to 1.145), 1 (reference), 1.058 (0.907 to 1.235) and 1.620 (1.287 to 2.038) for sleep duration of 4 hours or less, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours and 9 hours or more, respectively (p<0.05), after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, drinking, walking, frequency of tooth brushing per day, body mass index and periodontitis.ConclusionsOur findings showed the U-shaped association between sleep duration and tooth loss was suggested by multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding factors. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed that short and long sleep duration were associated with greater tooth loss in participants without diabetes mellitus, those without hypertension and those without metabolic syndrome.