bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spliceosomal twin intron (stwintron) participates in both exon skipping and evolutionary exon loss
Authors: Kavalecz Napsugár , Ág Norbert , Karaffa Levente , Scazzocchio Claudio , Flipphi Michel , Fekete Erzsébet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpliceosomal twin introns (stwintrons) are introns where any of the three consensus sequences involved in splicing is interrupted by another intron (internal intron). In Aspergillus nidulans, a donor-disrupted stwintron (intron-1) is extant in the transcript encoding a reticulon-like protein. The orthologous transcript of Aspergillus niger can be alternatively spliced; the exon downstream the stwintron could be skipped by excising a sequence that comprises this stwintron, the neighbouring intron-2, and the exon bounded by these. This process involves the use of alternative 3′ splice sites for the internal intron, the resulting alternative intervening sequence being a longer 3′-extended stwintron. In 29 species of Onygenales, a multi-step splicing process occurs in the orthologous transcript, in which a complex intervening sequence including the stwintron and neigbouring intron-2, generates by three splicing reactions a “second order intron” which must then be excised with a fourth splicing event. The gene model in two species can be envisaged as one canonical intron (intron-1) evolved from this complex intervening sequence of nested canonical introns found elsewhere in Onygenales. Postulated splicing intermediates were experimentally verified in one or more species. This work illustrates a role of stwintrons in both alternative splicing and the evolution of intron structure.
Real-world biologic treatment and associated cost in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Brandes Alina , Groth Antje , Gottschalk Fraence , Wilke Thomas , Ratsch Boris A. , Orzechowski Hans-Dieter , Fuchs Andreas , Deiters Barthold , Bokemeyer Bernd 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to describe biologic treatment of German inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, including biologics’ dosage, health care resource use, and treatment-associated cost.
Methods In this retrospective claims data analysis, all continuously insured adult IBD patients (Crohnʼs disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]) who started a new therapy with an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) or vedolizumab (VDZ) were included. Observation started with the date of the first prescription of index biologic therapy and lasted 12 months.
Results In the database, 1248 out of 57 296 IBD patients started a biologic treatment of interest (1020 anti-TNF-α, 228 VDZ), and 837 patients were bio-naïve (773 anti-TNF-α, 64 VDZ). The mean age of bio-naïve/bio-experienced anti-TNF-α patients was 39.2/38.1 years (54.9 %/56.7 % female) and 42.6/37.8 years for VDZ patients (56.3 %/54.9 % female). The proportion of patients receiving a maintenance dosage > 150 % compared to SmPC was 15.1 % for Adalimumab, 5.2–39.0 % for Golimumab, 14.7–34.5 % for Infliximab, and 19.7 % for VDZ patients. During the maintenance phase, up to 58.8 % of patients received at least 1 prescription of any CS, and 41.7 %/47.1 % (anti-TNF-α/VDZ) were treated in a hospital due to IBD. The mean IBD-related direct health care cost per patient year was € 30 246 (anti-TNF-α)/ € 28 227 (VDZ) for bio-naïve patients (p = 0.288) and € 34 136 (anti-TNF-α)/ € 32 112 (VDZ) for bio-experienced patients (p = 0.011).
Conclusions A substantial percentage of patients receive a high biologic dosage in the maintenance phase. Despite biologic therapy, 30–40 % receive a CS therapy and/or experience at least 1 IBD-associated hospitalization within a year, possibly indicating a remaining disease activity.
Simple Febrile Seizures: A Benign Phenomena?
Authors: Andrade Edgard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFebrile seizures are one of the most common neurological causes of visits to the emergency room. This article is a review of the current literature concerning the evaluation and treatment of children with febrile seizures. Longitudinal prospective studies such as the FEBSTAT study (consequences of prolonged febrile seizures in childhood) have contributed to elucidate the long-term outcome of patients with prolonged febrile seizures. Neurogenetic research also demonstrated the role of genetic mutations (mainly voltage-gated ion channels) in the etiology of febrile seizures. Most febrile seizures are self-limited events with low risk of injury or evolution into status epilepticus or sudden death. However, the use of rectal diazepam as acute abortive treatment for febrile seizures lasting 5 minutes or longer has gained acceptance as a first-line home intervention. Most patients with febrile seizures do not require extensive investigations, but the treatment involves a customized plan. Efforts should be directed to educate caregivers about prognosis and management of potential recurrences. In selected cases, appropriate use of preventive antiseizure medication may be a consideration.
Novel Missense Variants in ADAT3 as a Cause of Syndromic Intellectual Disability
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth , Lewis Andrea M. , Yang Yaping , Chanprasert Sirisak , Potocki Lorraine , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutosomal recessive variants in the adenosine deaminase, tRNA specific 3 (ADAT3) gene cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability due to a loss of ADAT3 function. This disorder is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech delay, abnormal brain structure, strabismus, microcephaly, and failure to thrive. A small subset of individuals with ADAT3 deficiency have other structural birth defects including atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and micropenis. Here, we report a sibling pair with novel compound heterozygous missense variants that affect a conserved amino acid in the deaminase domain of ADAT3. These siblings have many of the features characteristic of this syndrome, including, intellectual disability, hypotonia, esotropia, failure to thrive, and microcephaly. Both had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), feeding problems, and aspiration requiring thickening of feeds. Although they have no words, their communication abilities progressed rapidly when they began to use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. One of these siblings was born with an anterior congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which has not been reported previously in association with ADAT3 deficiency. We conclude that individuals with ADAT3 deficiency should be monitored for GERD, feeding problems, and aspiration in infancy. They may also benefit from the use of AAC devices and individualized educational programs that take into account their capacity for nonverbal language development. Additional studies in humans or animal models will be needed to determine if ADAT3 deficiency predisposes to the development of structural birth defects.
How character limit affects language usage in tweets
Authors: Boot Arnout B. , Tjong Kim Sang Erik , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn November 2017 Twitter doubled the available character space from 140 to 280 characters. This provided an opportunity for researchers to investigate the linguistic effects of length constraints in online communication. We asked whether the character limit change (CLC) affected language usage in Dutch tweets and hypothesized that there would be a reduction in the need for character-conserving writing styles. Pre-CLC tweets were compared with post-CLC tweets. Three separate analyses were performed: (I) general analysis: the number of characters, words, and sentences per tweet, as well as the average word and sentence length. (II) Token analysis: the relative frequency of tokens and bigrams; (III) part-of-speech analysis: the grammatical structure of the sentences in tweets (i.e., adjectives, adverbs, articles, conjunctives, interjections, nouns, prepositions, pronouns, and verbs); pre-CLC tweets showed relatively more textisms, which are used to abbreviate and conserve character space. Consequently, they represent more informal language usage (e.g., internet slang); in turn, post-CLC tweets contained relatively more articles, conjunctions, and prepositions. The results show that online language producers adapt their texts to overcome limit constraints.
Feedback regulation of Arid5a and Ppar-γ2 maintains adipose tissue homeostasis
Authors: Chalise Jaya Prakash , Hashimoto Shigeru , Parajuli Gyanu , Kang Sujin , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Gemechu Yohannes , Metwally Hozaifa , Nyati Kishan Kumar , Dubey Praveen Kumar , Zaman Mohammad Mahabub-Uz , Nagahama Yasuharu , Hamza Hanieh , Masuda Kazuya , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Obesity is now considered an epidemic problem worldwide. To develop effective interventions against obesity, we need to understand precisely the regulatory mechanism of adipogenesis, a process of forming adipocytes from fibroblast cells. In this study, we revealed that the Arid5a protein regulates the adipogenesis and the development of obesity in mice. Arid5a inhibits adipogenesis by suppressing the transcription of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (Ppar-γ2), which is the main facilitator of adipogenesis. Further, we showed adipose tissue homeostasis is maintained by the coordinated activity of Arid5a and Ppar-γ2. Our study provides important insights into the novel mechanism of adipose tissue homeostasis.
Review on the quantum emitters in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Ren Shuliang , Tan Qinghai , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The solid state single photon source is fundamental key device for application of quantum communication, quantum computing, quantum information and quantum precious metrology. After years of searching, researchers have found the single photon emitters in zero-dimensional quantum dots (QDs), one-dimensional nanowires, three-dimensional wide bandgap materials, as well as two-dimensional (2D) materials developed recently. Here we will give a brief review on the single photon emitters in 2D van der Waals materials. We will firstly introduce the quantum emitters from various 2D materials and their characteristics. Then we will introduce the electrically driven quantum light in the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)-based light emitting diode (LED). In addition, we will introduce how to tailor the quantum emitters by nanopillars and strain engineering, the entanglement between chiral phonons (CPs) and single photon in monolayer TMDs. Finally, we will give a perspective on the opportunities and challenges of 2D materials-based quantum light sources.
A Tough and Efficient Self-Healing Supramolecular Materials modulated with WCNT-NH2
Authors: Ma H R , Li Y X , Jiang C , Yao Y W , Yao C 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelf-healing polymers crosslinked by solely reversible bonds are intrinsically weaker than common covalently crosslinked networks. In this work, a self-healing materials with excellent mechanical properties was synthesized by a new design strategy, wich is to introduce covalent into reversible networks to improve its mechanical properties. First, polyamidoamine dendrimer oligomers (PAMAM-Oligomers) was synthesized. Then amine functionalized carbon nanotubes (WCNT-NH2) reacted with PAMAM-Oligomers to form a polyamidoamine carbon nanotubes composite materials (PAMAM-WCNT-NH2). The synthesized materials behave as rubber and exhibit spontaneous self-healing behaviour at room temperature without external stimuli. The mechanical and self-healing properties are closely related to the content of WCNT-NH2. For 0.5wt% WCNT-NH2in the materials, the strain of the material is 330% and tensile strength is 0.6 MPa. Importantly it can improve the self-healing efficiency to 98% of its original tensile strength in 2h.
Study on the influence of reflecting channel position on flow velocity characteristics of ultrasonic heat meter
Authors: Liu Yonghui , Yi Fengyan , Zhou Changfeng , Tao Lili 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, LES (Large eddy simulation) method is used to study the influence of different channel positions on the flow velocity of the ultrasonic heat meter, and the variation of the average linear velocity of different channel with time is researched. Through the calculation results, the velocity characteristics of 11 channels of the U-shaped reflecting device ultrasonic heat meter are analysed. The results show that the vortex behind the reflecting cylinder affects the velocity distribution in the channel. Statistical analysis shows that the linear average velocity in different positions of the channel fluctuates with time, but the fluctuation amplitude is basically the same. The average linear velocity asymmetry of reflecting channel far from the vortex zone is smaller, and the deviation of the average velocity is less than that of the average velocity, therefore, the distribution of the velocity is more reasonable.
Pruning Neural Networks Using Multi-Armed Bandits
Authors: Ameen Salem , Vadera Sunil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe successful application of deep learning has led to increasing expectations of their use in embedded systems. This, in turn, has created the need to find ways of reducing the size of neural networks. Decreasing the size of a neural network requires deciding which weights should be removed without compromising accuracy, which is analogous to the kind of problems addressed by multi-armed bandits (MABs). Hence, this paper explores the use of MABs for reducing the number of parameters of a neural network. Different MAB algorithms, namely $\epsilon $-greedy, win-stay, lose-shift, UCB1, KL-UCB, BayesUCB, UGapEb, successive rejects and Thompson sampling are evaluated and their performance compared to existing approaches. The results show that MAB pruning methods, especially those based on UCB, outperform other pruning methods.
Outcomes after tricuspid valve surgery concomitant with left ventricular assist device implantation in the EUROMACS registry: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Veen Kevin M , Caliskan Kadir , de By Theo M M H , Mokhles Mostafa M , Soliman Osama I , Mohacsi Paul , Schoenrath Felix , Gummert Jan , Paluszkiewicz Lech , Netuka Ivan , Loforte Antonio , Pya Yuriy , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Bogers Ad J J C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common in patients receiving a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Controversy exists as to whether concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) is beneficial in currently treated patients. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the effect of TVS concomitant with a LVAD implant.

METHODS
The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support was used to identify adult patients. Matched patients with and without concomitant TVS were compared using a propensity score matching strategy.

RESULTS
In total, 3323 patients underwent LVAD implantation of which 299 (9%) had TVS. After matching, 258 patients without TVS were matched to 258 patients with TVS. In the matched population, hospital deaths, days on inotropic support, temporary right ventricular assist device implants and hospital stay were comparable, whereas stay in the intensive care unit was higher in the TVS cohort (11 vs 15 days; P = 0.026). Late deaths (P = 0.17), cumulative incidence of unexpected hospital readmission (P = 0.15) and right heart failure (P = 0.55) were comparable between patients with and without concomitant TVS. In the matched population, probability of moderate-to-severe TR immediately after surgery was lower in patients with concomitant TVS compared to patients without TVS (33% vs 70%; P = 0.001). Nevertheless, the probability of moderate-to-severe TR decreased more quickly in patients without TVS (P = 0.030), resulting in comparable probabilities of moderate-to-severe TR within 1.5 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
In matched patients, TVS concomitant with LVAD implant does not seem to be associated with better clinical outcomes. Concomitant TVS reduced TR significantly early after LVAD implant; however, differences in probability of TR disappeared during the follow-up period.
Extra-phosphoric effects of super dosing phytase on growth performance of pigs is not solely due to release of myo-inositol
Authors: Lu Hang , Cowieson Aaron J , Wilson Jonathan W , Ajuwon Kolapo M , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of myo-inositol and phytase on growth performance, plasma metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. In experiment 1, 96 growing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 26.2 kg were used in a 25-d growth performance study. Pigs were assigned to four dietary treatments with three pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. The four treatments were control diet (CD); CD + 2 g/kg inositol; CD + 1,000 FYT/kg phytase and CD + 3,000 FYT/kg phytase. Pigs were weighed individually every week. On day 25, blood sample was collected from one pig per pen to measure plasma metabolites concentrations. In experiment 2, 16 barrows (initial BW 34.8 ± 8.2 kg) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas. Pigs were allotted to four blocks based on BW and assigned to a quadruplicate 4 × 2 incomplete Latin square design with same four dietary treatments and two periods. Ileal digesta samples were collected from each pig on days 6 and 7 of each period to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Phytase supplementation increased final BW and average daily gain (ADG) compared with CD (P < 0.05) with no effects on average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed (G:F) was higher in 3,000 FYT/kg phytase (P < 0.05). Inositol supplementation had no effects on growth performance. Plasma myo-inositol concentration was increased by inositol supplementation, and 3,000 FYT/kg phytase increased myo-inositol in the plasma by 97.2% (P < 0.05). Plasma P concentration was increased by 1,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg phytase with no effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, triglycerides (TAG), calcium (Ca), and urea concentrations. Phytase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the phytate-P concentration in the ileal digesta and increased the digestibility of phytate-P and total P with no effects on the AID of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), and Ca. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of 3,000 FYT/kg phytase on feed efficiency may due to the increased release of both myo-inositol and phosphorus (P), and may not be solely due to myo-inositol release by this level of phytase.
On Attitudes to Choice: Some Experimental Evidence on Choice Aversion
Authors: Le Lec Fabrice , Tarroux Benoît 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates experimentally how people value choice. Our experiments elicit subjects’ valuations of various choice sets (or menus) that differ in size and composition. The comparison of these valuations allows us to assess subjects’ preferences between sets and test a number of the theories of preferences over menus proposed in the literature. The results suggest that subjects are choice-averse: the value of a choice set is significantly and robustly lower than that of its preferred element, and adding a suboptimal option reduces the value of a set. The data also reveal that the quality of suboptimal elements has a positive effect on set preferences. Taken together, these results suggest two possible explanations. The first is that individuals fear making bad decisions in the final choice; the second is that people value choice sets heuristically as a whole, and not on the basis of their final consequences. Other explanations of choice aversion that appear in the literature are not fully consistent with the behavior we observe.
A rare cause of small bowel diaphragm disease presenting with palpated abdominal mass
Authors: Danial Aghyad K , Al-Mouakeh Ahmad , Danial Yaman K , Nawlo Ahmad A , Khalil Ahmad , Al-Haj Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall bowel diaphragm disease is a rare complication related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. It presents with non-specific symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, subacute bowel obstruction and occasionally as an acute abdominal condition. We report a case of diaphragm disease in a 33-year-old female who presented with vomiting, constipation and abdominal pain started 5 days earlier. Physical examination revealed palpated abdominal mass. The patient’s past medical history was remarkable for NSAID use. The patient was managed by surgical resection of involved intestine and diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Although there are few published cases of diaphragm disease in the medical literature, we recommend that this disease should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses when assessing patients presenting with non-specific abdominal symptoms with remarkable past medical history of NSAID use.
Development and Trial Implementation of a 30-Day Outpatient Program for Subthreshold PTSD
Authors: Mallonee Sybil , Tate Larissa , De Oliveira Fernanda , Ruiz Augusto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) negatively impacts service members at high rates, causing considerable physical and psychological consequences. Additionally, many service members experience subthreshold PTSD (i.e., experiencing PTSD symptoms that do not meet full diagnostic criteria), which has also been shown to cause significant functional impairment and can be a precursor to the development of full PTSD. Typically, treatment for PTSD at Walter Reed National Military Center facility includes weekly outpatient individual therapy over a three-month period or referral to an intensive outpatient program (IOP), which emphasizes group treatment. Inclusion in these programs is dependent on the severity of symptoms. Service members with subthreshold symptoms do not typically qualify for an IOP, and weekly outpatient therapy does not meet the needs of some service members or their commands.MethodsAs a result, we developed an alternative program with the intention of allowing service members with subthreshold PTSD to receive treatment and return to full-duty status more rapidly. The program emphasized bi-weekly evidenced-based PTSD therapies treatment adjusted to meet the needs of each service member along with the option of adjunct individual and group treatments.ResultsWhile this program is ongoing and we have not yet conducted outcome data analyses, the structure and pace of this program have the potential to produce quicker functional improvements, prevent the development of full PTSD symptoms, and reduce long-term or recurring healthcare utilization.ConclusionAlthough more research is needed, there exists preliminary empirical evidence of efficacy for an accelerated protocol of biweekly evidence-based therapy for service members with subthreshold PTSD.DisclaimerThe opinions expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. Additionally, the authors have no conflicts of interests to report.