bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basil of Ancyra’s Treatise on Faith: Confirming the Authorship
Authors: Morales Xavier 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the 2011 issue of Vigiliae Christianae, Mark DelCogliano challenged my attribution of the Homoiousian response to the Dated Creed of summer 359 to Basil of Ancyra. In this article, I confirm Basil’s authorship with new philological and stylistic evidence and compare Basil’s role with that of George of Laodicea, the other main figure of the Homoiousian party, which md considered as the primary author of the document.
A Disorder of Identity: Religious Difference ‘without’ ‘Religion’
Authors: van Hoogstraten Marius 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Responding to Paul Hedges’ paper earlier in this volume, I discuss the consequences of the deconstruction of ‘religion’ for the ‘interreligious.’ First, I bring Paul Hedges’ ‘soft’ deconstruction into conversation with John Thatamanil’s comparative theology ‘after’ religion. While the former argues that religion, while always contextually situated, clearly still has ‘reality’, Thatamanil rather argues that the social reality of those practices and collectivities dubbed ‘religions’ is much more blurry and difficult than what the discourse on religion assumes. Far from a purely academic endeavour, taking seriously the deconstruction of ‘religion’ means taking seriously the violent history that has taken place under its name. Then I argue, drawing on John Caputo’s ‘religion without religion’, that instead of relying on fictions of solid or ‘pure’ foundations, of ‘religions’ as clearly delineated representative systems, interreligious engagement ought to embrace this blurring of boundaries and the inherent instability of their languages. Finally, however, I propose that Caputo as well as Hedges leave uninterrogated the underlying assumption that ‘religion’ precedes ‘religious difference’. Rather than finding some definition of ‘religion’ to understand or define religious difference, it may be necessary to trace how religious difference is employed to understand and define ‘religions’, most significantly how some collectivities and practices come to be defined as ‘other religions’.
Fair and Equitable Treatment: Its Interaction with the Minimum Standard and Its Customary Status
Authors: Dumberry Patrick 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The book addresses two questions which have been debated by scholars in the last 20 years regarding the fair and equitable treatment (‘fet’) standard found in bits. It examines the interaction between the ‘minimum standard of treatment’ (mst) and the fet standard. It first analyses the fascinating story of how the concept of the mst emerged in the early 20th Century, its subsequent decline from 1960s until the 1990s and its surprising recent ‘resurrection’ in the year 2000. This evolution has had a direct impact on the emergence and subsequent development of the fet standard and explains why States started referring to that standard instead of the mst in their investment treaties. One question addressed in this book, is whether fet is an autonomous standard of protection to be accorded to foreign investors, or is a mere reference to the mst under customary international law. Given the fact that the fet standard is found in the overwhelming majority of bits, another question which arose is whether or not it should now be considered in and of itself as a rule of customary international law.
Evaluating Global Land Surface Models in CMIP5: Analysis of Ecosystem Water- and Light-Use Efficiencies and Rainfall Partitioning
Authors: Li Longhui , Wang Yingping , Arora Vivek K. , Eamus Derek , Shi Hao , Li Jing , Cheng Lei , Cleverly James , Hajima T. , Ji Duoying , Jones C. , Kawamiya M. , Li Weiping , Tjiputra J. , Wiltshire A. , Zhang Lu , Yu Qiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWater and carbon fluxes simulated by 12 Earth system models (ESMs) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) over several recent decades were evaluated using three functional constraints that are derived from both model simulations, or four global datasets, and 736 site-year measurements. Three functional constraints are ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE), light-use efficiency (LUE), and the partitioning of precipitation P into evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff based on the Budyko framework. Although values of these three constraints varied significantly with time scale and should be quite conservative if being averaged over multiple decades, the results showed that both WUE and LUE simulated by the ensemble mean of 12 ESMs were generally lower than the site measurements. Simulations by the ESMs were generally consistent with the broad pattern of energy-controlled ET under wet conditions and soil water-controlled ET under dry conditions, as described by the Budyko framework. However, the value of the parameter in the Budyko framework ω, obtained from fitting the Budyko curve to the ensemble model simulation (1.74), was larger than the best-fit value of ω to the observed data (1.28). Globally, the ensemble mean of multiple models, although performing better than any individual model simulations, still underestimated the observed WUE and LUE, and overestimated the ratio of ET to P, as a result of overestimation in ET and underestimation in gross primary production (GPP). The results suggest that future model development should focus on improving the algorithms of the partitioning of precipitation into ecosystem ET and runoff, and the coupling of water and carbon cycles for different land-use types.
Unrepaired Complete Tracheal Rings: Natural History and Management Considerations
Authors: Wilcox Lyndy J. , Hart Catherine K. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Schweiger Claudia , Peddireddy Nithin S. , Tabangin Meredith , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo document the natural growth pattern of unrepaired complete tracheal rings (UCTRs) and describe the patient population managed conservatively.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric academic center.Subjects/MethodsMedical records of patients with confirmed complete tracheal rings on bronchoscopy from 1993 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients aged 0 to 18 who had documented tracheal sizing over time and did not require surgical intervention were included. Exclusion criteria included tracheal stenosis not caused by complete tracheal rings. Comorbidities and airway characteristics were documented in addition to endoscopic findings. These were compared with children requiring surgical repair.ResultsIn total, 149 patients with complete tracheal rings were identified. Twenty‐five had UCTRs for an overall 16.8% rate of conservative management. Nineteen patients met inclusion criteria and underwent a total of 90 microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopies (MLBs) with sizing. The growth of the UCTRs over time, based on MLB sizing, was chronicled. The median airway growth noted was 0.38 mm/y. A moderately strong positive correlation was seen between age and airway size (rs = 0.72, P <. 0001). Children with UCTRs were less likely to have long‐segment involvement than those who required repair (92%, P =. 024).ConclusionsA select group of children with complete tracheal rings can be managed expectantly without surgical intervention. Conservative management may be less successful in children with long‐segment complete tracheal rings. Airway growth does occur in this population and can be monitored over time. Having a standardized method for sizing UCTRs allows for more effective communication between providers and assurance of continued growth of the airway while following these patients.
Patient Choice of Nonsurgical Treatment Contributes to Disparities in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Parhar Harman S. , Anderson Donald W. , Janjua Arif S. , Durham J. Scott , Prisman Eitan 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThere are well‐established outcome disparities among different demographic groups with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of patient choice of nonsurgical treatment to these disparities by estimating the rate of this phenomenon, identifying its predictors, and estimating the effect on cancer‐specific survival.Study DesignRetrospective nationwide analysis.SettingsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2004‐2014).Subjects and MethodsPatients with HNSCC, who were recommended for primary surgery, were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with patient choice of nonsurgical treatment, and Kaplan Meier/Cox regression was used to analyze survival.ResultsOf 114,506 patients with HNSCC, 58,816 (51.4%) were recommended for primary surgery, and of those, 1550 (2.7%) chose nonsurgical treatment. Those who chose nonsurgical treatment were more likely to be older (67.1 ± 12.6 vs 63.6 ± 13.1, P <. 01), were of Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐1.74) or Asian (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.46‐2.20) ethnicity, were unmarried (OR married, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.44‐0.58), had an advanced tumor, and had a hypopharyngeal or laryngeal primary. Choice of nonsurgical treatment imparted a 2.16‐fold (95% CI, 2.02‐2.30) increased risk of cancer‐specific death.ConclusionOf the patients, 2.7% chose nonsurgical treatment despite a provider recommendation that impairs survival. Choice of nonsurgical treatment is associated with older age, having Black or Asian ethnicity, being unmarried, having an advanced stage tumor, and having a primary site in the hypopharynx or larynx. Knowledge of these disparities may help providers counsel patients and help patients make informed decisions.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Saggi Satvir , Badran Karam W. , Han Albert Y. , Kuan Edward C. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the determinants of survival for patients with floor of mouth (FOM) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from 1973 to 2013 with the SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results).Study Design and SettingRetrospective cohort study with a national database.Subjects and MethodsThe SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with FOM SCC between 1973 and 2013. Patient data were analyzed with respect to age, sex, race, primary site, stage at presentation, tumor size, grade, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiotherapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated.ResultsA total of 14,010 FOM SCC cases were identified. The cohort was 69.5% male, and the median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Forty‐six percent of cases were treated with surgery, while 14% received radiotherapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated OS and DSS of 39% and 59% at 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, grade, stage, size, and surgery were determinants for OS and DSS (all P <. 05). For early‐ and advanced‐stage cancers, age, grade, size, and surgery predicted OS and DSS, while radiotherapy was a predictor of OS and DSS in advanced‐stage tumors only (all P <. 05).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the largest to date investigating prognostic factors for survival of patients diagnosed with FOM SCC. Determinants of survival include age, grade, stage, size, and surgery. Surgery appears to play a critical role in the management of these tumors.
Initial Load Stability of Different Trachea Suture Techniques: Tests on an Ex Vivo Model
Authors: Kirschbaum Andreas , Abing Helen , Mirow Nikolas 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTracheal anastomosis can be performed with different suture techniques. In this experimental work, the resilience of anastomotic techniques to pressure and tensile stress was studied.Study DesignEx vivo pig model.SettingExperimental.Subjects and MethodsThe trachea with the 2 main bronchi in freshly slaughtered pigs was isolated and intubated (CH 8.0). Both main bronchi were closed distally by a stapler. After resection of the trachea, an anastomosis (n = 15 per group) was created: group 1, single interrupted sutures; group 2, continuous running suture; group 3, mixed technique. A continuous tensile stress of 0, 500, 1000, or 1500 g was applied to the preparations. Mechanical ventilation with a maximum pressure of 70 mbar was initiated. The airtightness of the anastomosis was verified by submerging the entire preparation under water.ResultsAt tensile loads of 0.5 and 1.0 kg, all anastomoses created in the single‐stitch technique were airtight; at 1.5 kg, 93.3% were without leaks. In the continuous suture technique, the airtightness of anastomoses decreased with increasing tensile load: from 93.3% at 500 g to 73.3% at 1 kg and 66.6% at 1.5 kg (P =. 02 at 1.5 kg). Anastomoses in the mixed technique were airtight in 80% at 500 g, 66.6% at 1 kg, and 46.6% at 1.5 kg (P =. 01 in comparison with single stitches).ConclusionAnastomoses created with single interrupted sutures showed the highest resilience against combined pressure and tensile stress.
Opioid Stewardship in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review
Authors: Cramer John D. , Wisler Brad , Gouveia Christopher J. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThe United States is facing an epidemic of opioid addiction. Deaths from opioid overdose have quadrupled in the past 15 years and now surpass annual deaths during the height of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. There is a link between opioid prescriptions after surgery, opioid misuse, opioid diversion, and use of other drugs of abuse. As surgeons, otolaryngologists contribute to this crisis. Our objective is to outline the risk of abuse from opioids in the management of acute postoperative pain in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) and strategies to avoid misuse.Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE.Review MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature on the rate of opioid abuse after surgery, methods of safe opioid use, and strategies to minimize the dangers of opioids.ConclusionsOtolaryngologists have a responsibility to treat pain. This begins preoperatively by discussing perioperative pain control and developing a personalized pain control plan. Patients should be aware that opioids carry significant risks of adverse events and abuse. Perioperative use of multimodal nonopioid agents enables pain control and avoidance of opioids in many otolaryngologic cases. When this approach is inadequate, opioids should be used in short duration under close surveillance. Institutional standards for opioid prescribing after common procedures can minimize misuse.Implications for PracticeOtolaryngologists need to acknowledge the potential harm that opioids cause. It is essential that we evaluate our practices to ensure that opioids are used responsibly. Furthermore, opioid stewardship should become a priority in otolaryngology.
European Urban Traditions: An Anthropologist's View on Polis, Urbs, and Civitas
Authors: Prato Giuliana B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe argument developed in this article originates from the reflection that what constitutes a city or what is meant by urban are differently understood in different parts of the world and by different scholars. Thus, I first address the problematic of incommensurability. I argue that this key issue in the philosophy of science is central to how the debate on urban anthropology has developed. Then I ask whether this problematic extends to cross-disciplinary debate among the contemporary social sciences and what relevance the resulting understanding of the city has outside the academic world. I maintain that social analysis should endeavour to bring out the political, economic, and socio-cultural complexity of urban life. Having carried out research in urban Europe, I offer an analysis of the city that encompasses the meaning of urbs, polis, and civitas. Finally, I discuss the epistemological significance of urban ethnography, drawing on my field research in Brindisi, a South-Italian city.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with cold‐related local injuries and accidental hypothermia from emergency department–based surveillance network in northern region of South Korea
Authors: Kim Tae Han , Lee Seung Chul , Seo Jun Seok , Song Kyoung Jun , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Sung Wook , Lee Yu Jin 
Published: February 2018

Background:Cold weather has been known to cause various cold‐related local injuries as well as accidental hypothermia.Objectives:The aim of this study is to investigate the basal characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors of patients with cold‐related comorbidities using prospective emergency department–based surveillance system in high‐risk area.Methods:We designed a prospective emergency department–based surveillance system throughout northern part of Gyeonggi province located in the northernmost of South Korea. A total of 20 emergency departments participated in the surveillance system. Patients who visited emergency department with cold‐related comorbidities from 1 December 2012 to 28 February 2013 were prospectively enrolled in final analysis. We analyzed risk factors associated with outcome and correlation between climate factor (wind‐chill index) and incidence.Results:During the study period, 54 patients with cold‐related comorbidities were used for final analysis, including 35 hypothermia, 15 frostbite, and 4 trench foot. Among 35 patients with accidental hypothermia, 11 patients were admitted to intensive care unit and defined to have major adverse outcome. Hypothermic patient with major adverse outcome had lesser possession of coat as outwear when exposed to the cold (9.1% vs 58.3%, p < 0.01). Lower wind‐chill index was likely to develop higher incidence of cold‐related comorbidities (incidence rate ratio per 1°C decrease in wind‐chill index: 1.086 (95% confidence interval: 1.038–1.135)).Conclusion:Patients with cold‐related comorbidities were successfully monitored with emergency department–based surveillance system. Absence of coat was associated with major adverse outcomes in patient with accidental hypothermia. Lower wind‐chill index was associated with higher incidence of cold‐related comorbidities.
Treatment outcomes in cerebral artery dissection and literature review
Authors: Urasyanandana Karanarak , Songsang Dittapong , Aurboonyawat Taweesak , Chankaew Ekawut , Withayasuk Pattarawit , Churojana Anchalee 
Published: February 2018

Methods Patients with cerebral artery dissections were reviewed in a hospital setting from 2008 to 2015. Clinical presentations, lesion locations, treatment modalities, functional outcomes, and mortality were reviewed. Parent artery occlusion was the first choice for surgery or endovascular treatment of a hemorrhagic dissecting cerebral artery. Endovascular or surgical reconstructive treatment was indicated in patients whose parent artery could not be occluded. Favorable functional outcomes were determined using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–2. Results In total, 61 patients with cerebral artery dissections were admitted to the hospital. Seven (11.5%) had traumatic dissections. All traumatic dissections were located in the internal carotid arteries. Overall favorable outcome rate was about 57% (4/7). Spontaneous cerebral artery dissections were found in 54 patients. No difference in favorable outcomes was observed between parent vessel occlusion and selective occlusion with parent vessel preservation (or vessel reconstruction) (70% and 63%, respectively, p = 1.000). Patients who presented with spontaneous dissection without intracranial hemorrhage had more favorable outcomes than those with intracranial hemorrhage (79% and 52%, respectively, p = 0.045). The mortality rate of patients with spontaneous dissection was 7.4%. Conclusions Most of the traumatic dissections were located on the internal carotid arteries and spontaneous dissections were commonly located on vertebral arteries. Nonhemorrhagic spontaneous cerebral dissections had better functional outcomes after treatment. Endovascular and surgical management were effective treatments by parent vessel occlusion or reconstructions.
Fine-tuning of FOXO3A in cHL as a survival mechanism and a hallmark of abortive plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Osswald Clarissa D. , Xie Linka , Guan Hanfeng , Herrmann Franziska , Pick Sarah M. , Vogel Marion J. , Gehringer Franziska , Chan Fong Chun , Steidl Christian , Wirth Thomas , Ushmorov Alexey 
Published: February 2018

Key Points
FOXO3A expression indicates an abortive PC differentiation state in cHL. Tight regulation of FOXO3A is essential for the cHL oncogenic program.
Painting the Palace of Apries I: ancient binding media and coatings of the reliefs from the Palace of Apries, Lower Egypt
Authors: Brøns Cecilie , Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Di Crescenzo Marta Melchiorre , Stacey Rebecca , Lluveras-Tenorio Anna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study gives an account of the organic components (binders and coatings) found in the polychromy of some fragmented architectural reliefs from the Palace of Apries in Memphis, Egypt (26th Dynasty, ca. 589-568 BCE). A column capital and five relief fragments from the collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen were chosen for examination, selected because of their well-preserved polychromy. Samples from the fragments were first investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to screen for the presence of organic materials and to identify the chemical family to which these materials belong (proteinaceous, polysaccharides or lipid). Only the samples showing the potential presence of organic binder residues were further investigated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) targeting the analysis towards the detection and identification of compounds belonging to the chemical families identified by FTIR. The detection of polysaccharides in the paint layers on the capital and on two of the fragments indicates the use of plant gums as binding media. The interpretation of the sugar profiles was not straightforward so botanical classification was only possible for one fragment where the results of analysis seem to point to gum arabic. The sample from the same fragment was found to contain animal glue and a second protein material (possibly egg). While the presence of animal glue is probably ascribable to the binder used for the ground layer, the second protein indicates that either the paint layer was bound in a mixture of different binding materials or that the paint layer, bound in a plant gum, was then coated with a proteinaceous material. The surface of two of the investigated samples was partially covered by translucent waxy materials that were identified as a synthetic wax (applied during old conservation treatments) and as beeswax, respectively. It is possible that the beeswax is of ancient origin, selectively applied on yellow areas in order to create a certain glossiness or highlight specific elements.