bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desplazamiento genérico y discurso criollo en la “Relación” de María de Estrada MedinillaGeneric Displacement and Creole Discourse in “Relación” by María de Estrada Medinilla
Authors: Zinni Mariana C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this essay I propose the study of a Creole version of the entrance to Mexico City of Viceroy Duque de Escalona (1640), written in verse by María de Estrada Medinilla. This version focuses on the absence and denial of particular aspects in the official chronicle of the events composed by Gutiérrez de Medina regarding not only the actual narrative of the festivities, but also a creole agenda articulated in a conscious manipulation of the genre “entrada de virrey.” The poet will displace with carefully crafted rhetorical devices the center point of the chronicle from the viceroy figure to the city of Mexico, accentuating the capacity of the “urbe” as a producer of identities in flux within the colonial authority.
La imagen delbuen pilotocomo prudente gobernante en la sátira anticortesana española del siglo XVIThe Image of theBuen pilotoas a Prudent Ruler in the Spanish Anti-Aulic Satire of the 16th Century
Authors: Rosario María del , Navarro Martínez 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWithin the subgenre of anti-aulic satire, the Court is represented in numerous testimonies of the Golden Age as vice and misery-ridden. This article addresses the development of one of their recurrent motifs: the metaphor of the buen piloto regarding the prudent ruler, usually present in texts that allegorically configure the Court as a mare malorum, and its Government as navigation. When applied to the dangers of this milieu, these representations entail a significant sociopolitical satire and parody. Following this perspective, we trace the literary path from their classical origins, exploring their presence, rearrangements and meaning in various anti-court texts from the 16th century. We thus aim to establish new connections with other works and with the complex phenomenon of European Courts, a highly topical issue.
Praises and Prayers to Mary in the Writings of Francisca Josefa de Castillo y Guevara
Authors: Herrera Clara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Neo-granadine writer Francisca Josefa de Castillo (1671–1742) is mostly celebrated for her work in prose, despite having composed poetry. The nun wrote a narrative of her spiritual and mystical life known as Su Vida, and a record of divinely inspired emotions known as Afectos Espirituales. Among her poems is one dedicated to the Virgin Mary titled “Elogios y súplicas a María Santísima.” This poem is directly influenced by the Marian cult, strongly developed in the seventeenth century, that allows the reader to track the main points of discussion in the complex debate on Marian doctrine in the Christian tradition. The aim of this essay is to examine Castillo's theological approach to the Marian doctrine, and to analyze how Mother Castillo's Vida epitomizes the content of her poem.
Kulturarv – et begreb til forhandling
Authors: Federspiel Beate Knuth 
Published: August 2018

The international organisations active in the field of cultural conservation represent the normative framework for the protection of culture and heritage. Within this administrative and legal system, ideas about the overall meaning of the cultural heritage preservation concept are created and disseminated, and these have implications for museums’ obligations (collection, recording, conservation, research and communication), which collectively can be seen as society’s overall effort to preserve cultural heritage. The subject of this article is to examine how cultural conservation efforts shift focus in step with changes in society’s overall understanding of the concept of cultural heritage – which by nature is the object of these conservation efforts. The most recent UNESCO conventions on culture (The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and The Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions) testify to a growing appreciation of the value of this overall concept, focusing on people, right down to individual level – whereas focus was previously on national unity and a shared ”story” as the identification markers. The situation may seem especially justified by the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage, in which the intangible is increasingly taken into account. This article highlights key concepts and the continuing debate about their importance in the normative system. The emphasis is on the increasing value attributed to the concept of heritage, and the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage. Against this background, possible consequences for the basic conservation effort are discussed, because this is the foundation of the fundamental idea of what a museum is, as well as justifying the normative system in the field of culture.
Thomas Kühn: Präsentationstechniken und Ausstellungssprache in Skansen. Zur musealen Kommunikation in den Ausstellungen von Artur Hazelius
Authors: Hammarlund-Larsson Cecilia 
Published: August 2018

Präsentationstechniken und Ausstellungssprache in Skansen. Zur musealen Kommunikation in den Ausstellungen von Artur Hazelius är en bearbetad version av en magisteruppsats framlagd vid Institut für Volkskunde/Kulturan- thropologie, Hamburgs universitet, 2008. Boken är en studie av friluftsmuseet som utställningsform ur främst kommunikativ aspekt. Det empiriska fältet är Skansen, friluftsmuseet i Stockholm grundat av Artur Hazelius 1891. Studien omfattar perioden 1891–1901, det vill säga från Skansens grundläggning till Artur Hazelius död 1901.
Danse macabre i musernas hus – om museernas roll och villkor idag
Authors: Smeds Kerstin 
Published: August 2018

Danse macabre on the museum scene – notes on the decline and fall of the museum idea The museum idea in Europe is closely linked to the concept of the nation state. Now that this concept is losing its dominant role, the role of the museum and its public funding is also being questioned. The crisis in societal credibility is foreshadowed by the real or imminent bankruptcy of museums (specific Danish and Swedish instances are quoted in the text). The battle to regain public confidence and approval is well under way. The scene is set for the danse macabre. Different methods are being chosen. Many museums cling to their traditional functions of preservation and education – and their pedagogical work is most easily accepted, encouraged and subsidized when the space for history teaching in compulsory school is continuously shrinking. Others concentrate on acquiring sponsoring from trade and industry and of course seek support from various foundations. A regrouping of Swedish national collections was suggested as early as 1920 by Gregor Paulsson to better adapt the museum institution to the needs of contemporary society – into a quality museum (for the general public), a study museum (for researchers) and a museum of the present (to serve the need of future orientation). This was a proposal that pointed the way forward and is still relevant.The crisis in the museums is principally political and financial resulting in an institutional lack of resoluteness and uncertainty about purpose and societal legitimacy. To survive it will be necessary to acknowledge the end of the national saga and the reality of cybernations and the Dream World, Museums could find their raison d’être serving as dynamic houses of culture, as Kenneth Hudson suggested in the 1980s. The institutions should accept the museum as medium and think of themselves as process-oriented entities whose job it is to support and inspire their communities and visitors/users. They should obviously adapt to the virtual reality produced in a dynamic digital process where the content is similar to an open oral tradition. The museum should be the cultural storyteller and commentator in its community and tradi- tional museum education should be given up in favour of these new roles. According to Kenneth Hudson the museum should become a club, or perhaps – as Bernard Déloche suggests – a café philosophique. Another possible way forward is such cooperation as that pro- moted in the ABM project where archive, library and museum are amalgamated into a historical workshop. For the e-topia imagined by William Mitchell the paper concludes with conceiving a museum of the future consisting of a physical building supplemented and expanded to a virtual museum.
Den fænomenologiske metode i museologisk forskning
Authors: Funch Bjarne Sode 
Published: August 2018

The Phenomenological Method in Museological Research The phenomenological method is closely associated with the study of human consciousness. In museum studies the phenomenological approach is essential for gaining an understanding of why museum collections are established and how they may influence the museum audience. This article introduces the structure of human consciousness and the principles of the phenomenological method. The various stages of the phenomenological approach are put forward starting from an experiment carried out at the Art Museum in Esbjerg concerning how people are influenced by different kinds of introduction to art. Introspection and retrospection are first laid out as phenomenological strategies for observing what is going on within consciousness. Some of the major difficulties in studying the living stream of consciousness or an experience as it is later recalled in consciousness, are discussed. The following interview is defined as an explorative approach to a specific phenomenon. It is presented as a dialogue meant to inspire a person to describe the experience he or she has had and to make it possible for the researcher to grasp this experience through empathy. The aim of the final phenomenological description is to define the basic characteristics of the phenomenon in question. Epoché or phenomenological reduction is used in this context as a strategy for describing the phenomenon as it appears in consciousness, and the eidetic variation as a strategy for identifying the fundamental characteristics of the same phenomenon. Finally, the phenomenological description provides a basis for evaluating the influence of a specific phenomenon on human existence.
Fortidens magt, fortidens muligheter
Authors: Markussen Turid 
Published: August 2018

Progressive past? An anthropological approach to a local history museum in Shetland.Based on the example of the Tangwick Haa Museum in Shetland, I argue in this article for the importance of studying museums and their exhibitions as dynamic phenomena that form part of wider contexts and processes. The analysis questions widespread assumptions concerning the construction of history and identity in museums. Rather than «enlisting the past to combat the present», it is argued that the museum represents an appropriation of a modern way of relating to the past that answers to the felt modern need to «have a history», while exempting people from actually living as in the past. Reference is made to Sharon Macdonald's work on the Gaelic renaissance, which she interprets as re-imagenings of the past. That is, she sees it not as a return to the past but rat- her as ongoing negotiations between past and present that, while being constrained, also allow for creativity.Macdonald points particularly to the importance of ambivalence in these processes. A main concern in the article is with ambivalence relating to power in particular, and I adopt the concept of «contact zone», applied by James Clifford to museums, in order to stress ambivalence and inequality in the power relations surrounding the museum. This applies to the ambivalent roles of the museum as such, being at the same time a meeting place for answers to modern needs, and for certain conservative impulses, some of them inherent in the institution. As a result a museum that started out as a progressive initiative, may alter its role with time. Also the concept of contact zone applies to the tensions of the variety of possible and actual interpretations of the exhibitions and the felt discomfort sometimes associated with the «touristic gazes» on local culture and history.
The Finnish Museums Association - 75 years working for museums
Authors: Vilkuna Janne 
Published: August 2018

The Finnish Museums Association wasfounded in 1923. On the occasion ofits 15th anniverssary last year, Janne Vilkuna recorded its history in «75 vuotta museoiden hyvaksi» published by the Association. For the benefit ofthe readers of Nordisk Museologi Professor Vilkuna here gives a short resume of his book.
Developing audiences, developing learning: audience needs and the nature of learning
Authors: Clarke Peter 
Published: August 2018

Museums are by their nature, cultural institutions. Culture can be seen in many ways, as a commodity, as a social construct or as a political tool. We make many assumptions about cultural institutions. We develop cultural norms that shape our behaviour, attitudes and opinions. We read cues from our environment as well as from signs and notices. We develop patterns of behaviour to match cultural, social and personal contexts. We adopt multiple behaviours to conform to the many communities we inhabit. As museum professionals we tend to become blind to the semiotics of our institutions - we loose sight of the underlying concepts we hold of essential functions such as communication, education and audience and loose our ability to modify the behaviour that these concepts generate. If we are to understand how we create 'cultural experience' we need to develop a better understanding of how what we say is derived from these undelying concepts.
Samtid og museer i Norge
Authors: Gynnild Svein 
Published: August 2018

Samarbeidet mellom en gruppe museer og Sekretariatet for samtidsdokumentasjon har kommet over i en ny fase. Våren 2000 går ni museer i gang med mindre prosjekter som alle tar opp interessante sider ved norsk samfunns- og kulturliv i dag.
Adolf Etholén and Ernest Erickson
Authors: Aurasmaa Anne 
Published: August 2018

In Finland cultural studies, like sociology and anthropology, has played an important part nationally and even internationally in the studies of non-material forms of cultures of foreign nations. On the other hand, the study of material cultures has been neglected for the most part. This situation is only natural, as the links between collections, museums and universities, necessary for the education of material culture researchers, are only now being forged after a hiatus of manyyears. This separation was the result of various events, beginning with the cessation of Russian funding after Finland became independent in 1917 and becoming more serious with the rejection of material cultures in the 1960s linked with the rise of social anthropology. Fashions in research come and go, and today there are other ways of doing anthropological research besides fieldwork in some contemporary community or culture. The historical formation of cultures and the vast amount of documentation already available can once again be considered interesting.
Nordisk museumsvitenskapelig forskernettverk under etablering
Authors: Gjestrum Jan Aage 
Published: August 2018

Pa den workshop om museumsvetenskapelig forskning som ble avholdt i Stockholm 25-26. januar 1997 ble de 17 deltakerne fra de fem nordiske land enige om a støtte opprettelsen av et nordisk museumsvitenskapelig forskernettverk.
The logic of the collection
Authors: Groys Boris 
Published: August 2018

In our culture 'serious', 'autonomous', art is produced primarily to be collected. Unlike in the past, it is no longer conceived as an element of a temple, a church, a palace or a functional public space. It is even possible to argue that the modern notion of 'art' is a result of the emerging of the modern museum in the 18th century. The historical museum didn't collect art but rather produced it through displaying the very heterogeneous objects which were used in many different sacred, political ritual, decorative etc - ways in their original cultural contexts inside the unified and secularized space of the aesthetic presentation in the museum.
Dead or alive – Some questions about objects and people
Authors: MacDonald Sally 
Published: August 2018

This paper is about a few objects in two museums I know. One - my last place of work - was what might be called a social history or community history museum in Croydon just outside London. The other - where I have worked for the last six months - is a museum of Egyptian archaeology in a university in central London. In most parts of Britain, archaeology and social history (in the museum context at any rate) are distinct disciplines with their own specialist groups, networks and methods. I am still trying to come to terms with very different types of objects, terminologies and ways of thinking and to work out whether there are approaches I can bring from one environment to the other. I find it challenging to juxtapose objects from the two museums- some of them separated by nearly 5 000 years - and to think about the questions and issues they raise for me now.
Mestring og balanse. Trekk ved ung hindureligiøsitet
Authors: Kleive Hildegunn Valen 
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on understandings of the divine and how everyday life experiences motivate for religious practices among young Tamil Hindus in North Western Norway. Their religiosity is discussed in relation to Hindu traditions as well as to contemporary religion. The findings suggest that coping and balancing strategies generate a young Tamil Hindu religiosity with features resembling several traditions. The analysis is based on field notes from observations, questionnaire responses and interviews. The participants are between 16 and 25 years of age.Keywords: Hinduism, Tamil, youth, rural Norway, concept of God, everyday religion Denne artikkelen handler om hvordan unge tamilhinduer på Nordvestlandet i Norge oppfatter det guddommelige og hvordan hverdagslige erfaringer motiverer for religiøs praksis. Deres religiøsitet blir drøftet i lys av hindutradisjoner samt vestlig samtidsreligiøsitet. Mestring og balanse synes å være viktige anliggender for ungdommene, og det genererer en religiøsitet som gjenspeiler trekk fra flere tradisjoner. Analysen er basert på feltnotater fra observasjoner, spørreskjemaresponser og intervjuer. Deltakerne i undersøkelsen er mellom 16 og 25 år.Nøkkelord: Hinduisme, tamil, ungdom, distrikts-Norge, gudsoppfatning, hverdagsreligion
Konfirmasjonen i gamle dager – tvang eller tilpasning? Kirkebøkene forteller
Authors: Dahl Gina 
Published: August 2018

Det er rundt 280 år siden konfirmasjonen ble innført i Norge, og helt frem til 1912 var praksisen obligatorisk for alle. I ettertid er det nettopp den tvangsmessige siden av konfirmasjonen som ofte har blitt fremhevet når selve praksisen har blitt vurdert: Utenatpuggingen av et relativt omfattende kristendomspensum, den påfølgende demonstrasjonen av kunnskapene i det offentlige rom og eventuelt den skammen det var å måtte gå om igjen, gjorde sitt til at konfirmasjonstiden ble sett på som vanskelig av mange. Bildet er likevel ikke ensartet. Nedtegnelser i kirkebøker viser at flere prester lempet på kravene når det kom til stykket, deriblant kunnskapskravene. Også forskjellige andre former for tilpasning ble praktisert. Nøkkelord: Konfirmasjon – lærdomskrav – tilpasningAbout 280 years ago, churchly confirmation was introduced in Norway. Until 1912, the practice was obligatory, and historically, much of the research on the theme has very often stressed the quite important amount of theoretical knowledge to be assessed and the very constraints this put on the young adult. However, this image of the confirmation as «a high-threshold» practice is not unison. When looking into eighteenth- and nineteenth century church books, it seems clear that local parsons often adapted their confirmation practices according to the confirmands’ own intellectual capacities. Keywords: Confirmation – learning requirements – adaptation
«Alle støttar trusopplæringa.» Tverrfagleg samarbeid mellom prestar og undervisningstilsette i utvikling av trusopplæringa
Authors: Austnaberg Hans 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe main goal of the article is to investigate challenges and possibilities in the cooperation among the employed pastors and pedagogues in the congregation and how this contributes to develop the Christian education. The empirical material mainly stems from qualitative interviews in six different congregations, and the theoretical perspectives focus on organisational theory and the implementation of Christian education as a process of change. I have found a willingness to cooperate in the church education. However, the educational people are seen as primarily responsible and there exists role conflicts among them. The pastors, on the other hand, want to play a role in the Christian education but they have challenges in prioritising this among all the other expected tasks. Keywords:Christian education, congregational development, staff cooperation, congregational teacher, pastor, Michael Fullan SamandragMålsetjinga med artikkelen er å utforska utfordringar og moglegheiter i det tverrfaglege samarbeidet mellom tilsette prestar og undervisningsmedarbeidarar og korleis dette bidrar til å utvikla trusopplæringa. Det empiriske materialet er etablert gjennom kvalitative intervju i seks menigheter, og dei teoretiske perspektiva kjem frå organisasjonsteori og implementeringa av trusopplæringa som ein endringsprosess. Det er stor vilje til å delta i trusopplæringa. Likevel er det slik at dei undervisningstilsette blir oppfatta som hovudansvarlege i dette arbeidet, og artikkelen viser at uklare rollar mellom dei kan skapa konflikt. Prestane ønskjer òg å spela ei rolle i trusopplæringa, men dei kjenner på utfordringar i å prioritera dette mellom andre pålagte oppgåver. Nøkkelord:Trusopplæring, menighetsutvikling, stabssamarbeid, trusopplærar, prest, Michael Fullan