bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography can be used to determine the indication for endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal cancer
Authors: Nakajima Masanobu , Muroi Hiroto , Yokoyama Haruka , Kikuchi Maiko , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sasaki Kinro , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2018

Abstract18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is a useful imaging modality that reflects the tumor activity. However, FDG‐PET is mainly used for advanced cancer, not superficial cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the superficial tumor depth of esophageal cancer and the FDG uptake to determine the indications for endoscopic resection (ER). From 2009 to 2017, 444 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 195 patients were pathologically diagnosed with superficial cancer. Among them, 146 patients were examined by FDG‐PET before esophagectomy or ESD. In these 146 patients, the relationship between the pathological tumor depth and FDG uptake was analyzed. The mean maximum standardized uptake value in pT1a‐EP/LPM tumors was 1.362 ± 0.890, that in pT1a‐MM/pT1b‐SM1 tumors was 2.453 ± 1.872, and that in pT1b‐SM2/SM3 tumors was 4.265 ± 3.233 (P < .0001). Among 51 pT1a‐EP/LPM tumors, 10 (19.6%) showed positive detection of FDG. For pT1a‐MM/pT1b‐SM1 and pT1b‐SM2/SM3 tumors, the detection rate was 52.9% (18/34) and 82.0% (50/61), respectively. The detection rate of pT1a‐EP/LPM was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P < .0001). Among 10 FDG‐PET‐positive lesions, only 1 had no apparent reason for PET positivity; however, 9 of 10 had a suitable reason for detectability by PET and inadequacy for ER. Negative detection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by FDG‐PET is useful to determine the indication for ER when the tumor depth cannot be diagnosed even after performing magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography. When FDG uptake is recognized, a therapeutic modality other than ER should be considered.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Nitrogen Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Tuomi Sami , Pakkanen Olli J. , Borghei Maryam , Kronberg Rasmus , Sainio Jani , Kauppinen Esko I. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Laasonen Kari , Kallio Tanja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDesigning earth‐abundant element based efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is attracting growing attention as the renewable electricity supply sector urgently needs sustainable methods for storing energy. Nitrogen functionalized carbon nanomaterials are an interesting electrocatalysts option because of their attractive electrical properties, excellent chemical stability and catalytic activity. Hence, this study reports the HER mechanism on nitrogen functionalized few‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐FWCNT). With this earth‐abundant element based catalyst 250 mV overpotential is required to reach 10 mA cm−2 current density and so its HER activity is comparable to other non‐noble metal catalysts, and clearly among the highest previously reported for N‐FWCNTs. To gain fundament insight on their functioning, computational analysis has been carried out to verify the effect of nitrogen and to analyze the reaction mechanism. The reaction mechanism has also been analyzed experimentally with a pH series, and both the methods suggest that the HER proceeds via the Volmer‐Heyrovský mechanism. Overall hydrogen surface coverage on N‐FWCNT is also suggested to affect the HER rate. Interestingly, in the studied structure, carbons in vicinity of nitrogen atoms, but not directly bound to nitrogen, appear to promote the HER most actively. Furthermore, durability of N‐FWCNTs has been demonstrated by operating a full electrolyzer cell for five weeks.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Molybdenum‐Containing Compounds in Aqueous Glucose Solutions
Authors: Spasova Berta , Kuesters Christof , Stengel Bruno , Kraut Manfred , Brandner Juergen J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum‐containing compounds in aqueous glucose solutions using pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid was investigated. Determination of the molybdenum complex with pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid was performed at λmax = 550 nm. The light absorption of the deeply violet complex follows Lambert‐Beer's law and can be measured with a molar absorptivity in the range of 4414–9020 L mol−1cm−1. The presented method is very sensitive and shows good reproducibility for the extinction values.
How fast are those particles? – BIRC helps first‐year chemistry students to develop dynamic mental models on Maxwell's speed distribution
Authors: Schwedler Stefanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDas Verständnis physikochemischer Konzepte, welche auf dem Verhalten statistischer Entitäten beruhen, stellt eine Herausforderung für fachwissenschaftliche Studienanfänger der Chemie dar. Dazu tragen nicht nur die zur Vermittlung benötigten, anspruchsvollen mathematischen Repräsentationen bei. Der vorliegenden Studie liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass mentale Modelle des dynamischen Verhaltens vieler Teilchen nötig sind, um die Konzepte auf der submikroskopischen Ebene zu durchdringen. Maxwells Geschwindigkeitsverteilung ist ein solches Konzept. Im Folgenden wird eine interaktive Online‐Lerneinheit vorgestellt, die die Erstsemesterstudierenden beim Aufbau solcher Vorstellungen unterstützen und deren Verknüpfung mit der mathematischen Repräsentation stärken soll. Mit Think‐Aloud‐, Interview‐ und Onlinebefragungen werden sowohl die aktivierten Studierendenvorstellungen analysiert, als auch Selbsteinschätzungen zum Lernerfolg der Probanden erhoben.
Rationally‐Directed Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel‐Rich Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Qiu Haifa , Wang Yonglong , Ye Shihai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the attractive potential of Ni‐rich lithium layered oxides of LiNi1‐x‐yCoxMnyO2 as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, the co‐precipitation preparation of their Ni‐rich hydroxide precursors of Ni1‐x‐yCoxMny(OH)2 remains challenging due to strict reaction conditions, discrepant solubility of metal ions, deficient theoretical guidelines and ammonia off‐gas disposal. Facing these, herein, we present a rationally‐designed modified co‐precipitation method to prepare Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 and its Ni‐rich cathode derivative for lithium ion battery. The modification involves four aspects. Firstly, end‐point prediction modelling based on thermodynamic equilibrium is devised to optimize the pH, concentrations of initial ammonia and metal sulphates feed. Secondly, ammonia solution is pre‐added into the reactor to simplify whole process. Thirdly, only one‐off inert gas supply is exerted to protect the solution from ambient air. Besides, an extra apparatus is introduced to absorb ammonia off‐gas. The Ni‐rich hydroxide prepared under optimized conditions is found with the almost designed stoichiometry and compactly aggregated near‐spherical secondary particles. Its lithated Ni‐rich derivative of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is obtained by lithiation of the hydroxide in air, which, as cathode material, demonstrates superior initial Coulomb efficiency of 86 % and reversible capacity of 196 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, noticeable capacity retention of 95 % after 50 cycles at 1 C and decent cycling stability at 0.2 C. The prominent electrochemical performance can derive from the relatively low cation disorder and reasonable morphology of compact particles with considerable microspaces that favour lithium ion penetration. This method may provide enlightening guidance for the rational design on the synthesis of multicomponent electrode materials.
Home court advantage? Knowledge‐based FDI and spillovers in emerging economies
Authors: Matusik Sharon F. , Heeley Michael B. , Amorós José Ernesto 
Published: June 2018

Research Summary:Emerging economies increasingly try to stimulate innovation as a path toward economic development. One side effect of this is that foreign ownership of innovation in these contexts is increasing. This raises the question of how local vs. foreign ownership affects whether spillovers from innovation stay in the focal country or occur outside of it. Based on data from 1995 to 2014 across 35 emerging economies, we find that when ownership of an invention is local, spillovers are more likely to stay local. We also examine how the relationship between foreign ownership and spillovers is moderated by the stickiness of knowledge associated with the invention (relevant country‐level knowledge stocks in the host country, applied orientation, and scope). We conclude with a discussion of theory and policy implications.Managerial Summary:Stimulating innovation is increasingly perceived as important in emerging economies. As a result, leaders in these economies work to increase foreign direct investment in innovation‐related activities with the hope that these activities will encourage knowledge spillovers locally and, thus, stimulate greater economic development. The effect of foreign ownership of innovations is not yet well understood, though. In this study, we examine where the spillovers from foreign vs. locally owned inventions accrue. We find that when the ownership of an invention is local, the benefits from that invention are more likely to stay local. We also find that the technology characteristics of an invention influence the relationship between foreign ownership and spillovers. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory and innovation policy.
A THERAPEUTIC PLAYGROUP FOR DEPRESSED MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS: FEASIBILITY STUDY AND PILOT RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF COMMUNITY HUGS
Authors: Ericksen Jennifer , Loughlin Elizabeth , Holt Charlene , Rose Natalie , Hartley Eliza , Buultjens Melissa , Gemmill Alan W. , Milgrom Jeannette 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSymptoms of depression negatively impact on mother−infant relationships and child outcomes. We evaluated a novel, 10‐session mother−infant therapeutic playgroup—Community HUGS (CHUGS)—which combines cognitive and experiential components through psychoeducation, play, music, and movement. Participants were mothers experiencing a range of postnatal mental health difficulties, including depression, with infants ≤12 months of age. However, the aim was not to treat maternal depression but to ameliorate associated problems in the mother−infant interaction. In the feasibility study, all participants received CHUGS. In the pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), participants were randomized between intervention and a wait‐list. Outcomes were the Parenting Stress Index (PSI; R.R. Abidin, 1995), Parenting Sense of Competency Scale (Self‐Efficacy subscale; J. Gibaud‐Wallston & L.P. Wandersman, 1978), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (P.F. Lovibond & S.H. Lovibond, 1995). In the feasibility study (n = 74), PSI scores dropped on all subscales, all ps < .01. Depression, p < .001, anxiety, p = .01, stress, p = .01, and self‐efficacy, p < .001, all showed improvements, as did observer‐rated mother−infant interactions, p < .001. In the RCT, depression, p < .001, anxiety, p = .005, and stress, p < .001, symptoms were significantly reduced for intervention participants (n = 16), as compared to wait‐list participants (n = 15). The CHUGS program had high participant satisfaction and produced improvements in self‐efficacy, depression, anxiety, stress, and mother−infant interactions that supported the program's acceptability and the utility of further rollout.
Cordyceps cicadae mycelia and its active compound HEA exert beneficial effects on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Li I‐Chen , Lin Shan , Tsai Yueh‐Ting , Hsu Jui‐Hsia , Chen Yen‐Lien , Lin Wen‐Hsin , Chen Chin‐Chu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis is the first study to investigate the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) mycelia and its active compound N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA) on blood glucose in genetically diabetic mice.RESULTSForty mice, 9 weeks of age, were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and three C. cicadae mycelia treated diabetic groups. After 9 weeks of continuous supplementation, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance index showed significant glucose tolerance with C. cicadae mycelia. Furthermore, the effect of HEA is similar to that of C. cicadae mycelia in an OGTT, suggesting that HEA could be the major factor responsible for the functional properties of C. cicadae mycelia.CONCLUSIONBased on these findings, it is suggested that the therapeutic effect of C. cicadae mycelia may be driven by one of its active components, HEA, which could alleviate many diabetes complications in genetically obese mice and may offer promise as a supplement for diabetes management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
DNA Block Macromolecules Based on Rolling Circle Amplification Act as Scaffolds to Build Large‐Scale Origami Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Zhang Hongzhi , Wang Fang , Zhang Guodong , Zhou Ting , Wang Xiufeng , Liu Shuzhen , Liu Tingting 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA simplified origami strategy to create large‐scale complex DNA nanostructures based on the rolling circle amplification (RCA) is developed. The long repetitive block single strand DNA (ssDNA) synthesized from RCA with a few staple strands are used to fabricate DNA origami, which can be assembled into the first level assemblies of micro‐scale length mono‐nanoladders. Depending on base pairing among the sticky ends of short staple strands in nanoladders, the second level assemblies with large‐scale and controlled structures such as tri‐nanoladder, penta‐nanoladder, and even nanobrocade, can be further achieved.
Hyperspectral imaging sensor for optimization of small molecule formulations
Authors: Kandpal Lalit Mohan , Tewari Jagdish , Tran Kenny , Quan Ernie , Gopinathan Nishanth , Cho Byoung‐Kwan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor was used to rapidly estimate the content of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in powder blend samples in order to optimize small molecule formulation. Small molecule powder blend samples containing excipients and varying API concentrations were prepared using a blender. The spectrum of each powder blend was obtained using a short‐wave infrared hyperspectral imaging (SWIR HSI) system over a wavelength range of 1,000–2,500 nm. The use of the SWIR HSI method to predict API concentration in the powder blend samples was validated against that of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) analyses were used to build calibration models for predicting API concentration in the powder samples. Both the PLS and LS‐SVM models yielded high coefficients of determination of 0.99 and low errors (root‐mean‐square error of prediction) for API content prediction, which were 0.73 and 0.60 mg, respectively. Furthermore, image processing algorithms were developed to visualize the predicted API concentration in each pixel of the powder surface. Concentration map and binary images were also used to visualize the API concentration in the powder samples. The results suggest that the HSI technique permits the quantification and visualization of pharmaceutical ingredients and could be easily used during manufacturing for the non‐destructive formulations optimization and quality control of products.
Dielectrophoresis‐based microfluidic devices for field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Alazzam Anas , Hilal‐Alnaqbi Ali , Alnaimat Fadi , Ramesh Salini , Al‐Shibli Murad , Mathew Bobby 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this communication, dynamic model for analysing micro‐objects’ path in dielectrophoresis (DEP)‐based microfluidic devices for executing field‐flow fractionation is formulated and subsequently employed for parametric study. Electrodes of finite length, that pass along the full width of the microchannel, are placed on the microchannel's upper and lower walls; each upper electrode and electrode gap aligns with a lower electrode gap and electrode, respectively. The model accounts for forces associated with inertia, sedimentation, DEP, drag and virtual mass. The model indicates that micro‐objects’ trajectory depends on actuation voltage, volumetric flow rate, micro‐object radius, electrode and gap dimensions, and microchannel height. The steady‐state levitation height is found to be independent of radius of micro‐object and volumetric flow rate while being dependent on electrode and gap dimensions, microchannel height and actuation voltage. The model predicts that there exists an optimal value of electrode and gap dimensions for which the steady‐state levitation height is maximum when all other parameters are kept constant. The efficacy of the device is demonstrated by separating a heterogeneous mixture of silica and polystyrene microparticles into homogeneous samples.
Impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on work productivity in female workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Yin , Siu Ka‐Chun , Lin Kuan‐Han 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on work productivity in female workers.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) to identify articles published before July 2017 that studied the work productivity in female workers with LUTS. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta‐analyses were performed on studies having measured work productivity between females with and without LUTS, and odds ratios (ORs) or the mean differences were used.ResultsFourteen articles (n = 48 223 females) were included in the review, and meta‐analyses were performed with six of those articles. Lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly associated with work productivity loss (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.06‐1.15), presenteeism (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.05‐1.14), and activity impairment (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.09‐1.14). However, there was no significant difference in the probability of absenteeism between females with and without LUTS (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.94‐1.13).ConclusionsEvidence suggests that female workers with LUTS had significantly greater work productivity impairment compared to those without LUTS.
An attacker‐defender model for analyzing the vulnerability of initial attack in wildfire suppression
Authors: Rashidi Eghbal , Medal Hugh , Hoskins Aaron 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWildfire managers use initial attack (IA) to control wildfires before they grow large and become difficult to suppress. Although the majority of wildfire incidents are contained by IA, the small percentage of fires that escape IA causes most of the damage. Therefore, planning a successful IA is very important. In this article, we study the vulnerability of IA in wildfire suppression using an attacker‐defender Stackelberg model. The attacker's objective is to coordinate the simultaneous ignition of fires at various points in a landscape to maximize the number of fires that cannot be contained by IA. The defender's objective is to optimally dispatch suppression resources from multiple fire stations located across the landscape to minimize the number of wildfires not contained by IA. We use a decomposition algorithm to solve the model and apply the model on a test case landscape. We also investigate the impact of delay in the response, the fire growth rate, the amount of suppression resources, and the locations of fire stations on the success of IA.
Unidimensionality of the personality inventory for DSM‐5 facets: Evidence from two Czech‐speaking samples
Authors: Riegel Karel D. , Ksinan Albert J. , Samankova Dita , Preiss Marek , Harsa Pavel , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo date, numerous studies have confirmed empirical relevance of the personality trait model defined in the Alternative DSM‐5 Model for Personality Disorders. The supposed single‐factor structure of its facets and general domains across various samples, however, has not been researched thoroughly. This study focused on evaluating the hypothesized unidimensional factor structure of the lower‐order personality trait facets, as well as the validity of the higher‐order domains. The Czech version of the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) was used in a sample of 351 community volunteers and 143 psychiatric patients. The fit of the model for 25 facets could not be replicated with the original PID‐5, while a shortened version confirmed the single‐factor structure of all facets and their relevance to the five proposed domains. The findings support unidimensional structure of the modified DSM‐5 personality trait model and imply discussion of the utility of the proposed PID‐5 version. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exoproteome Analysis of Human Pathogenic Dermatophyte Species and Identification of Immunoreactive Proteins
Authors: Eymann Christine , Wachlin Gerhild , Albrecht Dirk , Tiede Stephan , Krummrei Ulrike , Jünger Michael , Hecker Michael , Daeschlein Georg 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurpose: Increasing incidence of onychomycosis and tinea pedis in humans of industrialized countries together with deep tissue infections are a therapeutic challenge in clinical mycology. For a better understanding of the pathology and immunology of infection, the authors analyze the exoproteomes of three reference strains of the most common clinical dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Arthroderma benhamiae) and of Trichophyton strains isolated from affected patients.Experimental design: Extracellular proteins of those in vitro grown strains are separated via 2D High Performance Electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry to find proteins with provoked host immune reactivity.Results: More than 80 secreted proteins including virulence factors such as peptidases and other hydrolases are identified. By Western blotting with respective patient sera, up to 31 proteins with significant antigen–antibody reactions are detected in comparison with control sera, for example, peptidases as well as several oxidoreductases. One protein, beta‐glucosidase F2SZI9 seems to be a commonly processed antigen in all Trichophyton infections.Conclusions and clinical relevance: These first global exoproteome data of three dermatophyte species can be a stepping stone on the way to further study the molecular mechanisms of Trichophyton pathogenicity‐associated traits. Possible candidates for potential new diagnostic methods or vaccination have to be validated in further investigations.