bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic deconvolution and inversion with erratic data
Authors: Dai Ronghuo , Yin Cheng , Yang Shasha , Zhang Fanchang 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIf there are some erratic data (e.g. outliers), which may arise from measurement error, or other reasons, in seismic data, the seismic deconvolution and inversion need to be implemented in a way that minimizes their effects. However, the deconvolution and inversion methods based on L2‐norm misfit function are highly sensitive to these erratic seismic observations. As an alternative, L1‐norm misfit functions are more robust and erratic‐resistant. In order to find the solution of the inverse problem constrained by an L1‐norm misfit function, an iteratively re‐weighted least squares algorithm is used frequently. However, it is relatively time consuming. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the sparse signal representation theory. The overcomplete dictionary used for the sparse representation of seismic data with erratic data is composed of two bases: a wavelet basis used for representing the seismic data to implement deconvolution and a Dirac basis used for representing the erratic data. In addition, at the stage of seismic inversion after deconvolution, total variation and a priori model are used as the regularization constraint terms to estimate inversion results with a blocky and laterally continuous structure. The new method is successfully tested on the noisy synthetic seismic data with erratic data. Finally, the proposed method is performed on a real seismic data section, and the inversion results are reasonable, i.e. consistent with the geologic structure of the original seismic data. Compared to the conventional sparse deconvolution and inversion method, the proposed method not only eliminates the effect of outliers, but also has highly improved computational efficiency.
Acoustic emission processes occurring during high‐pressure sand compaction
Authors: Muñoz‐Ibáñez Andrea , Delgado‐Martín Jordi , Grande‐García Elisa 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTGranular materials submitted to uniaxial compression undergo pore space reduction due to mechanisms such as particle rearrangement and grain crushing. These changes in the internal structure of the material release energy in the form of elastic waves that can be detected by sensors sensitive to acoustic emission. In this study, Acoustic emission monitoring with a wavelet‐based signal processing technique is used to identify the various mechanisms occurring during high‐pressure sand compaction. Particle movement, grain failure, friction between grains and the surface of the compression cell and intergranular friction are studied. Acoustic emission data recorded during these simplified tests are used to characterize each phenomenon. Wavelet transform analyses allow the identification of useful features, making possible frequency discrimination among sliding, rolling, friction and grain fragmentation processes. For instance, we observe that at low stress, grain flow is characterized by the lowest centroid and peak frequencies, while at greater stresses, intergranular friction and grain fragmentation have the higher values. In the tests performed, the stress–strain evolution and final condition of the tested sand are broadly consistent, irrespective of the condition employed: continuous, stepwise or even variable loading rate or temperature. However, Acoustic emission data manifest much more complex behaviour (including thermal, load‐rate dependency and delayed fragmentation phenomena) than that suggested by stress–strain relationships. At low stress levels, grain flow (sliding/rolling) is a relevant strain‐accommodation mechanism, but so is crushing due to the effect of concentrated forces at the grain contact level. At high stresses, when crushing is generalized, intergranular friction is also a relevant phenomenon due to the increase in the coordination number produced by previous fragmentation.
The effects of general anaesthesia on oxygen consumption: A meta‐analysis guiding future studies on perioperative oxygen transport
Authors: Jakobsson Julia , Vadman Sofia , Hagel Eva , Kalman Sigridur , Bartha Erzsébet 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundIncreased oxygen extraction, the ratio of consumption to delivery, has been associated with poor outcome after surgery. Oxygen consumption (VO2) can change in several ways in the perioperative period, but is seldom monitored directly in routine care. This study investigates the effects of general anaesthesia on VO2.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library 1946‐2018 for studies including VO2 measurements before and after anaesthesia induction. Quality was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool and NIH Quality Assessment tool for before‐and‐after studies. Changes in VO2 after anaesthesia induction were pooled in a random effects model meta‐analysis with standardized mean differences transformed to absolute changes of VO2. Changes in VO2 after surgical incision and after recovery from anaesthesia were analysed as secondary outcomes in the included studies.ResultsTwenty‐four studies including 453 patients were analysed for VO2 changes induced by anaesthesia. Studies were published during 1969‐2000 and mean age of patients ranged 28‐70 years. VO2 decreased after anaesthesia induction by −65 (−75; −55, 95% CI) mL min−1 and indexed VO2 (VO2I) by −33 (−38; −28, 95% CI) mL min−1 m−2. After surgical incision and in the post‐operative period VO2 increased again. Heterogeneity was considerable among the studies and the overall quality of evidence was very low.ConclusionsGeneral anaesthesia probably reduces oxygen consumption but the effect estimate is uncertain. Given the limited generalizability and low quality of the available evidence, new studies in modern perioperative settings and in today's older high‐risk surgical patient populations are needed.
The Emergency Medicine Specimen Bank: An Innovative Approach To Biobanking In Acute Care
Authors: Saben Jessica L. , Shelton Shelby K. , Hopkinson Andrew J. , Sonn Brandon J. , Mills Eleanor B. , Welham Makayla , Westmoreland Megan , Zane Richard , Ginde Adit A. , Bookman Kelly , Oeth Justin , Chavez Mark , DeVivo Michael , Lakin Alison , Heldens John , Romero Laurie Blumberg , Ames Michael J. , Roberts Emily R. , Taylor Matthew , Crooks Kristy , Wicks Stephen J. , Barnes Kathleen C. , Monte Andrew A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Emergency Medicine Specimen Bank (EMSB) was developed to facilitate precision medicine in acute care. The EMSB is a biorepository of clinical health data and biospecimens collected from all adult English‐ or Spanish‐speaking individuals who are able and willing to provide consent and are treated at the UCHealth–University of Colorado Hospital Emergency Department. The EMSB is the first acute care biobank that seeks to enroll all patients, with all conditions who present to the ED. Acute care biobanking presents many challenges that are unique to acute care settings such as providing informed consent in a uniquely stressful and fast‐paced environment and collecting, processing, and storing samples for tens of thousands of patients per year. Here, we describe the process by which the EMSB overcame these challenges and was integrated into clinical workflow allowing for operation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at a reasonable cost. Other institutions can implement this template, further increasing the power of biobanking research to inform treatment strategies and interventions for common and uncommon phenotypes in acute care settings.
Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes reduces oxidative stress and markedly inhibits ethanol consumption and post‐deprivation relapse drinking.
Authors: Ezquer Fernando , Quintanilla María Elena , Morales Paola , Santapau Daniela , Ezquer Marcelo , Kogan Marcelo J. , Salas‐Huenuleo Edison , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChronic ethanol consumption leads to brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, conditions known to potentiate and perpetuate each other. Several studies have shown that neuroinflammation results in increases in chronic ethanol consumption. Recent reports showed that the intra‐cerebroventricular administration of mesenchymal stem cells to rats consuming alcohol chronically markedly inhibited oxidative‐stress, abolished neuroinflammation and greatly reduced chronic alcohol intake and post deprivation relapse‐like alcohol intake. However, the intra‐cerebroventricular administration of living cells is not suitable as a treatment of a chronic condition. The present study aimed at inhibiting ethanol intake by the non‐invasive intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stem cell products: exosomes, microvesicles (40 to 150 nm) with marked antioxidant activity extruded from mesenchymal stem cells. The exosome membrane can fuse with the plasma membrane of cells in different tissues, thus delivering their content intracellularly. The study showed that the weekly intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes to rats consuming alcohol chronically (1) inhibited their ethanol intake by 84 percent and blunted the relapse‐like ‘binge’ drinking that follows an alcohol deprivation period and ethanol re‐access. (2) Intranasally administered exosomes were found in the brain within 24 hours; (3) fully reversed both alcohol‐induced hippocampal oxidative‐stress, evidenced by a lower ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione, and neuroinflammation, shown by a reduced astrocyte activation and microglial density; and (4) increased glutamate transporter GLT1 expression in nucleus accumbens, counteracting the inhibition of glutamate transporter activity, reportedly depressed under oxidative‐stress conditions. Possible translational implications are envisaged.
Pharmacological and non‐surgical renal protective strategies for cardiac surgery patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Shijie Ian , Brewster David J. , Horrigan Diane , Sarode Vineet 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPost‐operative acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (AKI‐CPB) for cardiac surgery is a frequent complication. It may require renal replacement therapy (RRT), which is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. This review explores the efficacy of proposed pharmacological and non‐surgical renal protective strategies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was done using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases. Keywords included were cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac surgery, coronary artery bypass, renal protection and renal preservation. Eligible articles consisted of all studies on patients who had undergone cardiac surgery via CPB with an outcome of AKI and/or RRT reported. All studies underwent a quality check via the risk of bias tool. The three most researched interventions (based on number of randomized controlled trials and total patients analysed) and their renal outcomes were then analysed with Review Manager Software.ResultsEighty‐eight articles were extracted. A total of 26 management strategies for renal protection following CPB were identified. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and the use of volatile anaesthetic agents (VAAs) were further analysed. NAC, RIPC and VAA had no statistically significant benefit in reducing either AKI‐CPB or the need for RRT following CPB.ConclusionNAC, RIPC and VAA were found to have no statistical significant benefit in reducing either AKI‐CPB or the need for RRT following CPB. There remains clinical uncertainty with all currently proposed pharmacological and non‐surgical renal protective strategies for CPB. Future research in this area should analyse the effects of combined interventions or specifically focus on ‘at‐risk’ patients.
Minimizing Propionibacterium acnes contamination in shoulder arthroplasty: use of a wound protector
Authors: Smith Mitchell L. , Gotmaker Robert , Hoy Greg A. , Ek Eugene T. , Carr Ashley , Flynn Jennifer N. , Evans Matthew C. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPropionibacterium acnes may be transmitted from the subdermal tissues to the deeper tissues during shoulder arthroplasty surgery, resulting in deep infection. The aim of this prospective, clinical study was to determine whether the use of a wound protector drape can lower the incidence of P. acnes in the wound during shoulder arthroplasty surgery.MethodsFor a consecutive series of 47 patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, a wound protector drape was used during surgery, to isolate the subdermal layer from the surgeons’ hands, retractors and other instruments. Microbiological swabs were taken both from the subdermal layer and the exposed drape to determine the incidence of P. acnes at both sites.ResultsThe overall incidence of P. acnes in the subdermal layer was 23%. A fivefold decrease in the incidence of P. acnes in the exposed superficial layer was demonstrated by use of the wound protector drape.ConclusionUse of a wound protector drape to isolate the superficial tissue layer from the surgeons’ gloves, instruments and retractors decreases the incidence of P. acnes in the surgical field. This may result in a decreased rate of transmission to the deeper tissues, and a decreased rate of P. acnes deep infection.
Similar evolution of pain symptoms and quality of life in women with and without endometriosis undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Authors: Mathiasen Mie , Egekvist Anne G. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Knudsen Ulla B. , Seyer‐Hansen Mikkel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionAltogether 10% of all women of fertile age suffer from endometriosis, and up to 25% of these women require assisted reproductive technology (ART) to conceive. During ART the process of controlled ovarian stimulation causes high levels of estrogen, which in theory increases the risk of the progression of symptoms related to this estrogen‐dependent disorder. Because several case reports have described the worsening of endometriosis during ART we carried out this study to investigate whether controlled ovarian stimulation during ART aggravates symptoms in women with endometriosis in terms of pain and quality of life.Material and methodsThis prospective cohort study was based on questionnaires containing the Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP‐30) and pain evaluated on the numerical rating scale (NRS). Women aged below 40 years were recruited and divided into three groups according to their endometriosis and ART status. Questionnaires were administered before and after controlled ovarian stimulation in one ART cycle. Change in EHP‐30 and NRS scores from the 1st to 2nd questionnaire was analyzed.ResultsIn total 52 women with endometriosis undergoing ART, 50 not undergoing ART, and 52 without endometriosis undergoing ART completed two questionnaires each. Both groups with endometriosis experienced a small increase in their quality of life, while women without endometriosis experienced a decrease. Pelvic pain worsened among women undergoing ART, but no greater worsening was detected among women with endometriosis compared with women without.ConclusionsThis study showed no worsening in quality of life and a slight worsening in pelvic pain during ART regardless of endometriosis status.
Analysis of osseointegration of implants with hydrophilic surfaces in grafted areas: A Preclinical study
Authors: Pinotti Felipe E. , de Oliveira Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes , Aroni Maurício A. T. , Marcantonio Rosemary A. C. , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrophilic surface on the osseointegration in grafted areas with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and with biphasic ceramics of hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP).Material and methodsFifty‐six rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 14 animals each: DBB: DBB+Machined surface; HA/TCP: HA/TCP+Machined surface; DBB‐H: DBB+Hydrophilic surface; HA/TCP‐H: HA/TCP+Hydrophilic surface. The bone defects were performed at the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. Then, the defects were filled with the biomaterials. After 60 days, the implants were placed in the grafted areas. The animals were submitted to euthanasia at periods of 15 and 45 days after the implants’ placement. The osseointegration was assessed by biomechanical, microtomographic, and histometric analyses. In addition, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe HA/TCP‐H group presented higher removal torque values and more mineralized tissue in the vicinity of the implants compared with the HA/TCP group. The DBB‐H and HA/TCP‐H groups presented higher values of bone‐implant contact (at 15 and 45 days), of bone between the threads (45 days), and expression of BMP‐2 (45 days) than the DBB and HA/TCP groups. Furthermore, the DBB‐H group presented a higher expression of ALP than the DBB group (15 days).ConclusionIn conclusion, implants with a hydrophilic surface improve osseointegration in grafted areas compared to implants with machined surfaces in a rat tibia model.
Assessment of CYP‐Mediated Drug Interactions for Evocalcet, a New Calcimimetic Agent, Based on In Vitro Investigations and a Cocktail Study in Humans
Authors: Narushima Kazuya , Maeda Hiroshi , Shiramoto Masanari , Endo Yuichi , Ohtsuka Satoko , Nakamura Hiroaki , Nagata Yoshinori , Uchimura Tatsuo , Kannami Ayako , Shimazaki Ryutaro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEvocalcet is a novel calcimimetic agent for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This study evaluated the effects of evocalcet on inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. Although drug interactions arising from reversible inhibition of CYP isozymes by evocalcet were considered unlikely based on the results of in vitro studies and static model analyses, the potential for evocalcet to cause time‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A or induction of several CYP isozymes could not be ruled out. Therefore, a clinical drug‐drug interaction (DDI) study to evaluate the effects of evocalcet on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of probe substrates for CYP isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A) was conducted in healthy male volunteers using a novel cocktail combination. Evocalcet did not significantly affect the PKs of the probe substrates, confirming that CYP‐mediated interactions were unlikely.
The impact of age on cardiac electromechanical function in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Vancheri Federico , Henein Michael 
Published: September 2018

Background and AimWhether aging affects left ventricular (LV) filling and ejection and the LV electric function is not well established. We investigated the effect of normal aging on echocardiographic measurements of LV morphology and function, LV electric function and the relationship between LV electric and mechanical function in asymptomatic individuals.MethodsAs part of a cross‐sectional survey for the prevalence of coronary risk factors in the general population in Caltanissetta, Italy, individuals without signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease or heart failure were randomly selected and underwent electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination. QRS duration and amplitude, PR, QT and QTc intervals, were automatically measured. Echocardiographic examination included the measurement of LV systolic and diastolic dimensions, volumes and ejection fraction (EF). From the spectral Doppler flow LV early diastolic (E wave) and atrial systolic (A wave) velocities, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) were measured. Global LV dyssynchrony was assessed using the total isovolumic time (T‐IVT) and the Tei index.ResultsAging reduced LV long‐axis function, LV filling time and E wave velocity and prolonged T‐IVT, IVRT and Tei index. It did not affect LV dimensions, ejection fraction, IVCT or QRS amplitude and duration. QRS duration correlated with LV dimensions, wall thickness and left atrial area. QRS amplitude and QTc interval correlated with the markers of LV dyssynchrony T‐IVT and Tei index.ConclusionsOverall, systolic and electric LV function are not affected by age, whereas subendocardial function, diastolic and synchronous function are significantly influenced.
Epidemiology of white pine blister rust on limber pine in Colorado and Wyoming
Authors: Jacobi William R. , Kearns Holly S. J. , Cleaver Christy M. , Goodrich Betsy A. , Burns Kelly S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCronartium ribicolais a non‐native, heteroecious, fungal pathogen that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR) on all white pines, includingPinus flexilisJames (limber pine). The pathogen continues to move southwards and eastwards in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming on populations of limber pine. We examined the progression and intensification ofWPBRon limber pine in recently invaded areas (<40 years) by combining historical accounts of disease occurrence with recent large‐scale monitoring projects to describe the epidemic in this region. Using epidemiological information, we provide spread rate, disease incidence, disease rate increase, severity, infection density, disease intensity, frequency of infection events and mortality for this pathosystem across 27 study areas in Wyoming and Colorado. Over the past four decades,WPBRspread through Wyoming and Colorado at 7.7–10.6 km/year. Epidemiological parameters varied both within and between mountain ranges. Sites were classified into four epidemic types defined by length of time the pathogen has been present and disease incidence. Disease rate increase (increase in per cent disease incidence per year) ranged from 0% year−1to 3.2% year−1and varied depending on temporal scale. Average disease severity was 4.1 cankers per infected tree, and disease intensity (disease incidence × severity) averaged 112. Infection episodes occurred fairly consistently at 1‐ to 3‐year intervals at most sites, and by 2012,WPBRcaused mortality of >2.5% of all limber pine trees (>1.37 m tall) surveyed. Future monitoring and restoration activities may use epidemiological information to prioritize sites for management actions in conjunction with other published models and monitoring data.