bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Terracottas from Children Graves at Opuntian Locris
Authors: Selekou Maria 
Published: June 2019

In the territory of Opuntian Locris, near Kynos, the harbour of ancient Opous, is a cemetery of 80 graves – only inhumation in large pithoi and amphoras – dating from the late Archaic period to the 2nd century BC. The terracotta animals presented here were found in seven children burials from the Classical period. Most of them have mouldmade upper bodies, while their legs and the lower surfaces are handmade. Figurines of pigs, doves, horses (with and without riders), turtles, cocks, and bulls were found. They were probably produced by a local workshop that in some cases copied imported models. The types are also common in other parts of Greece, such as Boeotia, Attica, Corinth, Olynthus, and Rhodes during the 5th century BC. Their presence in children graves has apotropaic significance, but the figurines can also be interpreted as simple children’s playthings.
Terrakotten aus der östlichen Nekropole von Amphipolis
Authors: Malama Penelope 
Published: June 2019

De 1999 à 2002, une fouille préventive dans la nécropole orientale d’Amphipolis a révélé plus de 800 tombes d’époque classique, hellénistique et romaine. Elles donnent quantités d’informations nouvelles sur l’organisation interne du cimetière, les types de tombes, les pratiques et le mobilier funéraires, ainsi que sur la population, grâce aux études anthropologiques réalisées sur 186 tombes. Un nombreux mobilier funéraire a été mis au jour, constitué de vases, de monnaies, de bijoux et de figurines, ces dernières principalement dans les tombes d’enfants et de femmes. Près de 350 statuettes, pour la plupart intactes, ont été inventoriées. Il s’agit de production locales, où l’on reconnaît les influences d’ateliers étrangers : ceux de Grèce méridionale, d’Athènes et de Béotie surtout, ainsi que de villes d’Ionies aux ve et ive s. ; ceux d’Asie Mineure, Myrina principalement, d’Italie méridionale et d’Égypte à l’époque hellénistique avancée, à travers les types iconographiques d’Aphrodite, d’Éros et des danseuses.
Terracotta Figurines from the Western Necropolis of Assos
Authors: Tolun Veysel 
Published: June 2019

The graves in the western necropolis of Assos, excavated from 1989 to 1994, yielded numerous terracottas dated to the 5th an 4th c. BC. The representative sample of 23 figurines presented here gives an idea of the whole repertoire. Through the questions of iconography and style, we try to characterise the imports (from Rhodes essentially) and the local production.
The Terracotta Figurines from the Haghios Sostis Sanctuary at Tegea
Authors: Karapanagiotou Anna Vassiliki , Leventi Iphigeneia 
Published: June 2019

The 19th and early 20th century excavation in the extramural sanctuary on Haghios Sostis hill near Tegea (Peloponnese), according to all evidence dedicated to Demeter and Kore karpophoroi, yielded a great number of terracotta figurines. This material, briefly referred to in scientific journals, is nowadays scattered among different museums in Greece and abroad. A common project undertaken by the authors is oriented towards the study and publication primarily of the material kept in the Tegea and Tripolis Museums excavated by K.Α. Rhomaios in 1909 and 1910. The paper will address questions concerned with the wide chronological range of the material, the figurine typology, the more generic being replaced by figurines more specific to the local cult, and with the interrelations between a possibly local workshop and major production centers in the Peloponnese and beyond.
Aphrodite Figurines from the sanctuary of “Nymph Koronia” at Mount Helicon
Authors: Vassilopoulou Vivi , Skoumi Nelly , Nassioti Eleni 
Published: June 2019

The cave of the “Nymph Koroneia” is located in Boeotia on the NE slopes of Mount Helicon at a height of 820 m. According to the existing data, the cave had been used from the Bronze Age, but mainly from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic age. Among the rich finds, the great number of Aphrodite figurines of several types suggests the worship of the goddess at the cave. Aphrodite represents not only beauty and joy of love, but also strength for the continuity and the renewal of life. This hypostasis of the goddess is related to the worship of the cave, which has to do with female fertility and labor. The identification of the figurines is based on two criteria: nudity and symbols related to Aphrodite by mythology. These symbols are: animals (swan/goose, dove), ribbon-band and fruits (pomegranate, apple).
L’Artémision d’Éphèse. Les offrandes en terre cuite de l’époque archaïque
Authors: Dewailly Martine , Muss Ulrike 
Published: June 2019

Les fouilles de l’Artémision d’Éphèse ont livré des offrandes votives en terre cuite bien moins nombreuses que les offrandes plus prestigieuses en or, bronze, ambre et ivoire. Il y a cependant parmi elles, surtout aux époques les plus anciennes, quelques objets très originaux et de grande importance cultuelle. À l’époque archaïque se développe une importante production coroplastique dans toutes les cités grecques pourvues de grands sanctuaires : pourtant, l’Artémis d’Éphèse ne reçoit guère ce type d’offrande, à l’exception, au viie s., du type de figurine féminine que D.G. Hogarth appelle l’« Artémis Éphésienne ». Dans la première moitié du vie s., le seul type d’offrande votive que l’on peut considérer comme un groupe typologique est constitué par les vases plastiques, relativement nombreux et pour la plupart importés. Ces vases offerts à la divinité ont une double valeur : celle du contenant – le choix des représentations, animales pour la plupart, peut revêtir une signification particulière – et celle du contenu, le parfum étant un produit très coûteux. La Grèce de l’Est produisait des parfums à l’époque archaïque, et en particulier, semble-t-il, Éphèse, qui contribuait ainsi au kosmos d’Artémis.
Appunti su alcuni tipi di statuette ritrovate nel Thesmophorion di Iasos
Authors: Berti Fede 
Published: June 2019

Après avoir rappelé l’état des recherches sur la coroplathie de Iasos, l’auteur passe en revue quelques types de statuettes recueillis dans le dépôt votif du sanctuaire de Déméter et Korè, en particulier ceux datables du dernier quart du vie et de la première moitié du ve s. av. J.-C. Il en tire quelques hypothèses qui demanderont à être vérifiées dans la suite de la recherche : le culte paraît avoir été institué sur la fin du vie s. et s’adressait à une divinité féminine (Cybèle ? la Kourotrophe ?) qui n’a pris que vers la fin du ve ou au début du ive s. une connotation démétriaque plus évidente. En tout cas, dans le mobilier votif, c’est le type de l’hydrophore qui constitue manifestement l’élément de continuité.
Aphrodite auf der Akropolis von Perge? Terrakottastatuetten aus F1
Authors: Wamser-Krasznai Waltrud , Recke Matthias 
Published: June 2019

Les figurines recueillies dans le secteur F1 de l’acropole de Pergè posent la question de l’identification du sanctuaire reconnu à cet endroit. Une réponse univoque est impossible : c’est cependant à Aphrodite que renvoient la plupart des statuettes présentées ici. L’analyse stylistique des trouvailles, confortée par le contexte stratigraphique souvent connu, oriente vers la période hellénistique. On cherche ensuite à caractériser ce culte d’Aphrodite, en distinguant ses traits locaux des influences anatoliennes et chypriotes. L’identification comme sanctuaire du secteur F1 sur la base des figurines est enfin soumise à un examen critique.
Tonstatuen und -statuetten der paphischen Göttin aus dem Heiligtum der Aphrodite in Alt-Paphos auf Cypern
Authors: Leibundgut Wieland Danielle 
Published: June 2019

Le fameux sanctuaire de l’Aphrodite de Paphos à Palaepaphos a livré un grand nombre de terres cuites votives brisées qui attestent la continuité du culte du Bronze récent à l’époque romaine. Un ensemble de statues creuses d’époque archaïque, grandes et moyennes, de bonne qualité, présente un intérêt particulier. Elles représentent une figure féminine aux bras majestueusement levés, portant un long vêtement le plus souvent rouge et de nombreux bijoux. Depuis l’âge du Fer, des statuettes féminines aux bras levés ont été offertes dans de nombreux sanctuaires de Chypre, mais il n’y a que dans celui de Palaepaphos que l’on trouve ce type iconographique porté aux dimensions d’une statue. De nombreux arguments suggèrent qu’il représente, avec les traits qu’évoque d’ailleurs l’Hymne homérique (v. 86-88), la déesse vénérée à Paphos, dans laquelle les Grecs reconnaissaient Aphrodite. Le geste des bras levés en majesté traduit l’épiphanie de la déesse. Cette image jouait peut-être un rôle central dans les processions festives, avant d’être consacrée comme offrande officielle par le roi-prêtre et la communauté des fidèles. Ces statues de terre cuite archaïques donnent l’occasion d’analyser le répertoire iconographique des offrandes ainsi que les différentes influences d’Orient et d’Occident qui se manifestent ici, et d’envisager la signification de ces offrandes dans le contexte de Paphos.
The disempowerment of early childhood practitioners in impoverished and marginalised communities
Authors: Knafo Tilana , Smit Brigitte , Marais Petro 
Published: June 2019

Background: Quality early childhood programmes have proven to be highly cost-effective in reversing the detrimental consequences of poverty on children’s development. However, these programmes can only influence developmental outcomes of poor children if their needs are considered.Aim: The purpose of this article was to inquire into the experiences of two early childhood development (ECD) practitioners working and living in impoverished and marginalised predominantly white communities where the involvement of volunteers from charity organisations was prominent. The researchers argued that the practitioners’ experiences regarding their work should inform the kind of complementary volunteer aid and support sought for.Setting: The research sites were two informal predominantly white settlements where unemployed residents lived in makeshift housing.Methods: A narrative inquiry, nested in the social constructivist paradigm, was employed to explore the experiences of two practitioners. Data were collected from narrative interviews, observations, documents, photographs and artefacts.Results: Both participants knew well that the needs of the children in their care differed significantly from those of their more affluent peers and believed that training would equip them better for their task. Although both centres (and communities) benefitted from volunteer support, this well-intended aid was often misguided as the volunteers were not qualified educators and did not understand the context.Conclusion: The volunteers did not empower the practitioners to use their insight and experience to deliver a quality programme fit for context. Instead, they left the practitioners with a sense of disempowerment by dictating the programmes and practices to be followed in the respective ECD centres, even though they were not qualified to do so.
Validity of a Novel Free-Hand Pedicle Screw Placement Training Tool
Authors: Mendelis Joseph R. , Gomez Jaime A. , Lo Yungtai , Hanstein Regina , Levy I. Martin 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
This study establishes the construct validity of a low-cost training platform designed for high-repetition training of the skills required for fluent use of the five specific tools described for free-hand pedicle screw placement and breach avoidance.

Methods:
A total of 19 participants were included and divided into three groups based on spine surgery experience. Participants were asked to place five pedicle screws into the model. The performance was assessed by recording breaches, technical criteria (0 to 44 points), time to completion, and angulation of the screws. Success (no breaches, no protrusions) frequency (success/time) was calculated and analyzed.

Results:
Participants included three spine surgeons, seven advanced trainees (who had placed >10 pedicle screws), and nine inexperienced trainees. None of the screws placed by the spine surgeons breached the pedicle wall. Eight of 35 screws placed by advanced trainees (22.9%) and 31 of 45 screws placed by inexperienced trainees (68.9%) had a pedicle breach. Spine surgeons had a higher median success frequency compared with inexperienced trainees and advanced trainees (P = 0.015). The time needed to place a screw decreased over time (P < 0.0001). There was a trend toward an association between increased training level and decreased time to place five screws (P = 0.076). Increased training level was associated with greater total points scored (P < 0.0001). More screws placed by inexperienced trainees were further away from the ideal pedicle axis compared with those placed by advanced trainees or spine surgeons.

Conclusion:
An association exists between training level and performance on the pedicle screw model, which suggests construct validity when evaluating our model's use for teaching surgeon learners. The model is easily assembled and is an alternative spine surgery training tool that overcomes limited availability and considerable costs of other training platforms. It can be used in high repetition to establish tool-skill fluency.

Level of Evidence:
Level I
Role of LncRNA MALAT-1 on Induced Submandibular Gland Carcinoma in Albino Rats Treated with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (Histological and Immunhistochemical Study)
Authors: Faruk Eman Mohamed , El-Salam Sherifa Abd , Sabry Dina , Medhat Engy , El-Din Yasmine Alaa 
Published: June 2019

Salivary gland tumors show complex histopathology and the treatment depends mainly on the stage of cancer. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have a great role in regenerative medicine as they can generate pluripotent stem cells from any available cell types as fibroblast. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of (iPS) on induced salivary gland cancer through evaluation of the silent information regulators of sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), Tgf-β genes and their protein expressions in addition to LncRNA MALAT-1 expression. Thirty male albino rats were employed and divided into three groups (ten rats for each group), group 1 (control): Rats were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), group II induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): rats were injected with squamous carcinoma cells (SCC), group III (induced SCC/iPS): SCC treated rats treated with 5 × 106 iPS cells. Submandibular specimens were taken and prepared for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies for Bax and TGF-β3 protein. Also, Real time PCR was performed for Sirt-1, Tgf-β, and MALAT-1 LncRNA genes expression. SIRT-1 and TGF-β protein level expression was assessed by western blot technique. Group III (iPS treated group) revealed more or less normal acinar structure with normal rearrangement of acini and normal intralobular ducts with an increase in their number. In the iPS treated group there was increasing in the amount of mucopoly saccharide in the acinar cells and intensity of BAX immunostaining while, TGF-β3 was decreased in its intensity in comparison to that of the cancer treated group. In addition to Sirt-1, Tgf-β, and MALAT-1 LncRNA expressions were increased in cancer group compared to iPS treated and control groups. Induced pluripotent stem cells play a potential therapeutic role in treatment of induced submandibular gland carcinoma.
Determination of Descriptors Which Influence the Toxicity of Organochlorine Compounds Using Qsar Method
Authors: Pierre Massapihanhoro Ouattara , Kafoumba Bamba , Kouakou N’guessan Nobel , Nahossé Ziao 
Published: June 2019

Organochlorine Pesticides (OCP) are organic compounds obtained by the chlorination of various unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are very toxic and therefore belong to the family of persistent organic pollutants. If formerly these pesticides were used to fight against certain vectors of diseases and thus improve the productivity of the host, today they are considered as "enemy" of the environment. To understand the origin of the toxicity of organochlorine compounds, we used 73 molecules (test set: 50 and validation: 23) containing at least one chlorine atom and for which the toxicity (LogLC50) against Poecilia reticulata is known to establish QSAR models. Firstly, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the best descriptors. Then, the different models were established using the method of multiple linear regression (MLR). Models established with quantum and physicochemical descriptors only showed satisfactory results. But the best model was determined with the combination of both quantum and physicochemical descriptors. The criteria of this model are as follows:
R2 = 0.939 ; R2ajusted = 0.932 ; Pvalue < 0.0001; α = 0.05
R2CV = 0.935 ; R2 - R2CV = 0.004 ; MCE = 0.073; F = 134.701
These criteria show that the toxicity of organochlorine compounds is well described by the combination of quantum and physicochemical descriptors namely lipophilia (LogP), polarizability (pol), entropy (S), zero-point energy (ZPE) and the number of chlorine atoms (NCl).
Changes in Plasma Haemoglobin Concentration in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1(CPDA-1) Stored Blood
Authors: Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma , Christian Serekara Gideon , Jacob Ransom Baribefii , Jeremiah Zacchaeus Awortu , Chuku Iminabo Diada Walter 
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study assessed the level of plasma haemoglobin concentration in CPDA-1 stored blood with a view to determine the extent of haemolysis during the 35 days storage period.
Study Design: This is an observational and comparative case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using healthy male donors residing in Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out at the Blood Bank of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, formerly Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, from February 1st to March 8th, 2017.
Methodology: Blood for transfusion was collected from prospective male blood donor found to be in good health, aged between 18 and 52 years, with haemoglobin level within the range of 13.5 g/dl – 16 g/dl, body weight within 55 kg – 75 kg, and body temperature within 37.0 to 37.50C / 99.50F, into plastic bags containing anticoagulant CPDA-1, and handled under strict sterile condition to prevent bacterial contamination. The blood was stored in a blood bank refrigerator with a constant temperature of +2 to +60C under proper inspection at intervals for colour, turbidity, haemolysis and clot formation. Two milliliters of the sample was collected aseptically at different interval days of collection from the blood bag and analyzed using the HemoCue photometer.
Results: Results showed no significant changes in plasma haemoglogin from day 1, 5, and 10, while significant increase in haemolysis occurred from day 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (p = 0.000), a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma haemoglobin was observed from day 15 to day 35 of storage.
Conclusion: It is pertinent therefore to note that the use of CPDA-1 does not completely stop the changes that occur in RBC as there are several changes occurring in stored blood collectively called “storage lesions”. Therefore, it is advisable that blood should be transfused within 14 days of storage to avoid transfusion of blood products that has lost most of its benefits to recipients, and where possible whole blood should be processed and components separated before storage to reduce the level of non-viable red blood cells.
Analysis of Optic Disc and Vertical Cup Disc Ratio among Glaucoma Suspects in a Black Population
Authors: Nwokocha C. G. , Ejimadu C. S. 
Published: June 2019

Aim: To analyze the optic discs and vertical cup disc ratio in a black population.
Method: This is a retrospective study of glaucoma suspects who presented to the clinic. Medical history was recorded and comprehensive ocular examination done on each of the subjects. Ocular examination included visual acuity, visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Instruments used during the research were Pen torch for examination of the external structures of the eyes, Keeler ophthalmoscopes for fundus examination, Snellen’s charts both literate and illiterate charts for visual acuity assessment, Reichert AT 555 Auto non-contact tonometer for measurementof the intra-ocular pressure.
The optic discs were analyzed using Optical Coherence Tomography machine. Data was analyzed using the statistical package EPI info version 6.04d, a software package designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA in 2001.
Results: This study included total of 240 optic discs of 120 participants comprising 60 males and 60 females were examined with a mean age of 42.8±13.79; the age range was 19 to 75 years. Very Small discs (<1.0mm) 3 accounted for1.3%, Small discs (1.0-1.3mm) 4 accounted for 1.7%, Medium (1.4-1.7mm) 67 accounted for 27.9%, Large (1.8-2.0mm) 58 accounted for 24.2% while Very Large (>2.0mm) 108 accounted for 45.0% in this study.
VCDR was noticed to have increased with increasing disc diameter. Optic disc diameter increased with increasing RNFL thickness as well (p < 0.05; r = 0.18).
All the very small as well as the small discs were cupped 3% (n = 7/240), 14.6% (n = 35/240) of the medium to very large are also cupped while the remaining 82.5% ( n = 198/240) are normal.
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between disc diameter and VCDR. There was also a weak positive correlation between the optic disc diameter and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the subjects, such a correlation may be the result of either an increased number of nerve fibers in eyes with larger discs or a smaller distance between the circular scan and the true optic disc margin.
Reconsidering the Meaning of Knowledge Based on Experiences of Community‐Based Social Education Practice in Japan
Authors: Otaka Kendo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article aims to build a frame of reference to reconsider the meaning of knowledge in line with collective value formation and to regain lost popular knowledge in comparison with paternalistic or scientific knowledge. Following a brief introduction of Japanese social education and a critical/creative review of Freire's concept of conscientization, a case study of a community‐based social enterprise and its learning practice in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake is explored. The focus of the analysis is to clarify the restructuring process of knowledge construction through collective and dialogical community actions.
Lifelong Learning for Aging People in Taiwan: Innovative Programs and Social Effects
Authors: Li Ai‐Tzu , Wei Hui‐Chuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article introduces Taiwan's innovative lifelong learning programs for middle‐aged and older adults, and discusses their social influence. The innovative active aging learning programs launched in 2008. The purpose of implementing active aging learning is to work at the grassroots level with the hope of providing increasingly comprehensive and diverse learning opportunities, enabling more people over 55 in Taiwan to become happy learners who forget age and build a dynamic aging society. It is a collaboration among central government, local government, and the university. After a decade of development and practice, active aging learning has successfully enabled seniors to participate in the learning process and achieved the goal of learning, changing, and empowerment. In this article, first, the issues and challenges of earlier elder education are reviewed, followed by the new national strategic plan, training for practitioners, and core‐curriculum development. Then, the three models and their implications are analyzed.