bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons in disaster management as learned from Korean NGOs
Authors: Ha Kyoo-Man 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the role of emergent Korean non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in disaster management by comparing general-goal NGOs and specific-goal NGOs, and ultimately goal provide lessons for international NGOs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used quantitative research to analyze the issue through an international perspective. The hypothesis drafted was that if general-goal NGOs do not perform as well as specific-goal NGOs under actual conditions, their performance will have international implications. The two types of NGOs were systematically contrasted with reference to their social and political practices or culture through three variables: stakeholders, finance and strategies.

Findings
The main finding or recommendation is that general-goal NGOs have to be transformed into specific-goal NGOs for effective disaster management, not only in Korea but also in the international community.

Originality/value
When reflecting that almost no research has dared to look into the topic on the role or the type of disaster management NGOs in Korea, this paper has potential value as a pioneer study.
Tensions in ethnographic observation: overt or covert?
Authors: Strudwick Ruth 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the tensions between being covert and overt during ethnographic observations. The example of an ethnographic study of the culture in a diagnostic imaging department will be used to provide examples.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a reflection on an ethnographic study, focussing on the participant observation.FindingsThis paper discusses the author’s reflections on the covert and overt nature of ethnographic observation.Originality/valueThe discussion is of value to all ethnographic researchers who experience this tension.
Analysis of time dependent thermal properties for high rates in selective laser sintering
Authors: Wudy Katrin , Drexler Maximilian , Lanzl Lydia , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The thermal history during laser exposure determines part properties in selective laser sintering (SLS). The purpose of this study is to introduce a new measurement technique based on a CO2 laser unit combined with a high-speed DCS. A first comparison of the thermal history during laser exposure measured with Laser-high-speed-(HS)-differential scanning calorimetry-(DSC) and in SLS process is shown.

Design/methodology/approach
This Laser-HS-DSC allows an imitation of the SLS-process in a very small scale, as the sample is directly heated by a CO2 laser. For this study, the laser power and the impact time is varied for determining temperature and achieved heating rates. Consequently, the temperature levels measured by the Laser-HS-DSC are compared with measurements in SLS-process.

Findings
The influence of laser power and impact time on resulting maximum temperatures und heating rates during laser exposure are investigated. With increasing laser power and impact time the maximum temperature rises up to approximately 450°C without material degradation. The heating rate increases up to an impact time of 3 ms and stays almost equal for higher durations.

Research limitations/implications
The Laser-HS-DSC experiments are based on few particles limiting a complete comparison with SLS process. In SLS, one volume element is exposed several times. In this study the PA12 material was exposed only once.

Originality/value
For the first time, laser sintering experiments can be transferred to a laboratory scale to analyze the influence of laser exposure on resulting temperature field during laser exposure without superimposing effects.
Challenges in preparing the dietetics workforce of the future: An exploration of dietetics educators’ experiences
Authors: Morgan Kate , Reidlinger Dianne P. , Sargeant Sally , Crane Linda , Campbell Katrina L. 
Published: June 2018

AimDietetics educators represent a small but influential workforce group that has experienced significant change in recent years. The workforce development challenges faced by this group have been largely unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the experiences of, and challenges faced by, academic dietetics educators in preparing dietitians for the workforce.MethodsThe approach taken in the present study was informed by qualitative description. Fifteen dietetics educators employed by 13 universities across Australia were purposively sampled. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews conducted via telephone (n = 12) or face‐to‐face (n = 3) were digitally recorded then transcribed verbatim. Data were managed with NVivo and inductively analysed using open coding. Codes were condensed into themes through an iterative process involving multiple researchers.ResultsThe overarching theme of ‘aiming for a moving target’ was underpinned by the themes of: (i) striving for betterment; (ii) bridging dissonance and (iii) distressing impossibilities. Interviewees described how they were driven to enhance the preparation of dietitians but acknowledged disparity between what graduates are being prepared for and what they need to be prepared for. Heightened expectations of others, professional constraints and a lack of collegiality among the profession were among the challenges that manifested in a sense of frustration, concern and isolation.ConclusionsDietetics educators are motivated to shape and enhance the future profession. However, they face numerous challenges in their efforts to prepare graduates who are well‐equipped for increasingly diverse dietetics practice. Strong leadership, academic collaboration and greater engagement of the broader workforce are required for the benefit of the entire profession.
Overexpression of Nmnat3 efficiently increases NAD and NGD levels and ameliorates age‐associated insulin resistance
Authors: Gulshan Maryam , Yaku Keisuke , Okabe Keisuke , Mahmood Arshad , Sasaki Tsutomu , Yamamoto Masashi , Hikosaka Keisuke , Usui Isao , Kitamura Tadahiro , Tobe Kazuyuki , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important cofactor that regulates various biological processes, including metabolism and gene expression. As a coenzyme, NAD controls mitochondrial respiration through enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, β‐oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation and also serves as a substrate for posttranslational protein modifications, such as deacetylation and ADP‐ribosylation by sirtuins and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), respectively. Many studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with aging and that these declines cause various aging‐associated diseases. In contrast, activation of NAD metabolism prevents declines in NAD levels during aging. In particular, dietary supplementation with NAD precursors has been associated with protection against age‐associated insulin resistance. However, it remains unclear which NAD synthesis pathway is important and/or efficient at increasing NAD levels in vivo. In this study, Nmnat3 overexpression in mice efficiently increased NAD levels in various tissues and prevented aging‐related declines in NAD levels. We also demonstrated that Nmnat3‐overexpressing (Nmnat3 Tg) mice were protected against diet‐induced and aging‐associated insulin resistance. Moreover, in skeletal muscles of Nmnat3 Tg mice, TCA cycle activity was significantly enhanced, and the energy source for oxidative phosphorylation was shifted toward fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was significantly suppressed in aged Nmnat3 Tg mice. Interestingly, we also found that concentrations of the NAD analog nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) were dramatically increased in Nmnat3 Tg mice. These results suggest that Nmnat3 overexpression improves metabolic health and that Nmnat3 is an attractive therapeutic target for metabolic disorders that are caused by aging.
Hand–foot skin reaction predicts treatment outcome of pazopanib in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: A multicenter study in the Asian population
Authors: Huang Pei‐Wei , Chou Wen‐Chi , Shen Wen‐Chi , Hung Chia‐Yen , Huang Kuan‐Gen , Su Yu‐Li , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Liu Chien‐Ting , Chang Yueh‐Shih , Liau Chi‐Ting 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimPazopanib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as a standard treatment for chemotherapy‐refractory recurrent or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pazopanib for treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma in the Asian population.MethodsFifty patients with chemotherapy‐refractory recurrent or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, who had received pazopanib treatment between 2015 and 2016 were enrolled. We reviewed patients’ clinical characteristics and studied survival outcomes following pazopanib treatment.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5.7 months. Seven patients were still on pazopanib by the end of this study and the disease had progressed in the other 43 patients, leading to 23 deaths. We found that despite treatment more than half the patients experienced disease progression (56% vs 14% partial response and 30% stable disease). The median progression‐free survival and overall survival was 3.1 and 11.0 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0 or 1) and occurrence of hand–foot skin reaction as independent factors associated with better outcome. Hand–foot skin reaction was 32% in our cohort and the median onset time was 4 (1.00–8.29) weeks. It had dose‐dependent effect by clinical observation.ConclusionsOur study showed that the incidence rate of hand–foot skin reaction in Taiwan is higher than western population, and it is an independent predictive factor for better treatment outcomes.
The Two Income‐Participation Gaps
Authors: Ojeda Christopher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScholars have long attributed the income‐participation gap—which is the observation that the rich participate in politics more than the poor—to income‐based differences in the resources, recruitment, mobilization, and psychology underpinning political behavior. I argue that these explanations require a longer time horizon than the empirical evidence permits. Education, for example, typically ends in young adulthood and so cannot logically mediate the effect of income on participation in late adulthood. To resolve this temporal problem, I propose that there are two income‐participation gaps: one based on current economic status and another on childhood economic history. I situate this argument in a developmental framework and present evidence for it using six studies. The results, while mixed at times, indicate that there are two gaps, that the size of each gap changes over the life course, and that their joint effect creates a larger income‐participation gap than estimated by prior research.
Guided self‐help to manage binge eating in a dietetic‐led community weight management service
Authors: Traviss‐Turner G. D. , Philpot U. , Wilton J. , Green K. , Heywood‐Everett S. , Hill A. J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn estimated 30% of patients accessing community weight management services experience symptoms of binge eating disorder (BED). Guided self‐help (GSH) is the recommended first line of treatment for BED. This study is a preliminary investigation into the effectiveness of GSH delivered by dietitians for patients with binge eating within a weight management service and a consideration of the association between wellbeing, therapeutic relationship and outcomes. The study was conducted as a single group, pre‐ and post‐intervention study with 24 patients reporting symptoms of binge eating who completed the self‐help manual with guidance from a trained community dietitian. Primary outcomes were eating disorder psychopathology and behaviours (Eating Disorder Evaluation Questionnaire), depression and anxiety. Principle results showed a significant reduction on all subscales of eating disorder psychopathology, anxiety and depression. There was a reduction in loss of control over eating but the 40% reduction in binge episodes was not statistically significant. Mid‐treatment sessional ratings were positively associated with outcome. In conclusion, the GSH intervention was appropriate for dietitian delivery to patients with obesity and binge eating behaviour. This research indicates potential for other dietetic‐led weight management services to deliver such interventions and support patients with binge eating accessing their service.
The relationship of Type 1 diabetes self‐management barriers to child and parent quality of life: a US cross‐sectional study
Authors: Saoji N. , Palta M. , Young H. N. , Moreno M. A. , Rajamanickam V. , Cox E. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimFamilies of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes experience self‐management challenges that negatively impact diabetes control. This study assesses whether self‐management challenges are also associated with quality of life (QOL) for children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents.MethodsChildren aged 8–12 years (n = 135), adolescents aged 13–16 years (n = 132) and their parents completed QOL assessments (diabetes‐specific QOL from the PedsQL Diabetes Module or the Family Impact Module, both scaled 0–100) and a validated survey of up to six self‐management barriers [PRISM; scaled 1 (low) to 5 (high)]. Regression coefficients were calculated to assess the association of self‐management barriers with child and adolescent diabetes‐specific QOL or parent QOL, including interaction effects to assess the stability of the associations.ResultsMean duration of diabetes was 4.7 years for children and 6.1 years for adolescents. The majority of children and adolescents did not meet target values for glycaemic control. All barriers but one (Healthcare Team Interactions) were associated with lower diabetes‐specific QOL for children and adolescents, as well as lower QOL for parents (all P < 0.05). Barrier scores that were 1 unit higher were associated with diabetes‐specific QOL that was 3.7–5.1 points lower for children and 5.8–8.8 points lower for adolescents, as well as QOL that was 6.0–12.6 points lower for parents. Diabetes‐specific QOL was most strongly associated with ‘Denial of Disease and Its Consequences’ for children and with ‘Regimen Pain and Bother’ for adolescents. Parent QOL was most strongly associated with ‘Understanding and Organizing Care’. Associations were stable across numerous demographic and disease factors.ConclusionsSingle‐unit differences in self‐management barrier scores are associated with clinically meaningful differences in QOL for children and parents. Interventions specifically tailored to address individual self‐management barriers may improve both diabetes control and QOL.
Next‐generation conservation genetics and biodiversity monitoring
Authors: Hunter Margaret E. , Hoban Sean M. , Bruford Michael W. , Segelbacher Gernot , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis special issue of Evolutionary Applications consists of 10 publications investigating the use of next‐generation tools and techniques in population genetic analyses and biodiversity assessment. The special issue stems from a 2016 Next Generation Genetic Monitoring Workshop, hosted by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) in Tennessee, USA. The improved accessibility of next‐generation sequencing platforms has allowed molecular ecologists to rapidly produce large amounts of data. However, with the increased availability of new genomic markers and mathematical techniques, care is needed in selecting appropriate study designs, interpreting results in light of conservation concerns, and determining appropriate management actions. This special issue identifies key attributes of successful genetic data analyses in biodiversity evaluation and suggests ways to improve analyses and their application in current population and conservation genetics research.
Regional comparisons of walking or bicycling for fun or exercise and for active transport in a nationally distributed sample of community‐based youth
Authors: Saunders R. P. , Dowda M. , McIver K. , Pate R. R. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundPhysical activity helps prevent excessive weight gain in youth. Few studies have examined regional variations in common activities, walking and bicycling.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to examine participation in previous 7‐day walking/bicycling for active transport and for fun/exercise by region, gender and age groups.MethodsChildren (n = 2693) from 130 diverse, geographically distributed US communities reported participation in previous 7‐day walking/bicycling. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to compare walking/bicycling by region, gender and age groups using Healthy Communities Study data.ResultsWalking/bicycling for fun/exercise was higher in the Midwest, South and West compared with the Northeast, with the same regional patterns for boys, girls and 9–11‐year olds. Walking/bicycling to non‐school destinations was higher in the Midwest compared with the South and Northeast, with the same pattern for girls and 9–11‐year olds. Walking/bicycling to school was higher Midwest, Northeast and West compared with the South, with similar patterns for girls and 12–15‐year olds.ConclusionsWalking/bicycling for fun/exercise and to non‐school destinations had higher prevalence than active transport to school. The Northeast reported lower walking/bicycling for fun/exercise; the South and Northeast reported lower walking/bicycling to non‐school destinations. Program/policy initiatives should consider contextual demographic influences, as well as purpose/destination of walking/bicycling.
A retrospective study evaluating the tolerability and effectiveness of adjunctive antihypertensive drugs in patients with inadequate response to initial treatment
Authors: Ayyagari Rajeev , Xie Jipan , Cheng David , Wu Eric Q. , Huang Xing‐Yue , Chen Stephanie 
Published: June 2018

Real‐world tolerability and effectiveness of nebivolol as first add‐on therapy were compared with hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, and amlodipine. Medical records of hypertensive adults initiating nebivolol, hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, or amlodipine as first add‐on therapy between December 16, 2010 and July 21, 2011 were retrospectively abstracted (N = 1600; 400/treatment). Outcomes included medication‐related side‐effect rates and blood pressure (BP) reduction and control. Compared with nebivolol, metoprolol and amlodipine had significantly higher side‐effect rates (incidence rate ratio [95% CI]: 1.82 [1.14‐2.92] and 2.67 [1.69‐4.21]), respectively); the hydrochlorothiazide‐nebivolol rate ratio was not significant (1.61 [0.95‐2.71]). All treatments reduced BP at 2 months. Metoprolol, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide were associated with significantly lower odds of achieving 2‐month BP control than nebivolol (odds ratios [95% CI]: 0.34 [0.23‐0.51], 0.51 [0.35‐0.75] and 0.66 [0.44‐0.99], respectively). In a real‐world setting, nebivolol as first add‐on therapy was associated with fewer side effects than metoprolol or amlodipine and with a higher BP control rate than hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, or amlodipine.
National Political Parties and Career Paths to the European Parliament
Authors: Aldrich Andrea S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how career paths leading to the European Parliament (EP) are influenced by the strategic goals of national political parties. Considering both individual career factors and the national electoral fate of political parties, it determines what conditions increase the likelihood that experienced or inexperienced politicians serve in the EP. Experienced politicians are more likely to reach the EP when they serve vote‐seeking and policy‐seeking parties while inexperienced politicians are more likely to enter the EP when their parties are opportunity seeking. Overall, I find the role of individual ambition is conditioned by party strategy to determine the institutional composition of the EP, contributing to a growing literature on the strategic use of European elections by national political parties. It suggests that the electoral goals of parties should be examined in order to understand the nature of democratic representation in the European Union.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Tenca Andrea , Mustonen Harri , Lind Kati , Lantto Eila , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Boyd Sonja , Arola Johanna , Jokelainen Kalle , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsEndoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) has been considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and follow‐up of primary sclerosing cholangitis, but it has been replaced by less invasive magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography (MRI‐MRCP). However, the role of these two techniques in the evaluation of disease activity and severity needs to be elucidated.MethodsPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n: 48, male 31, median age: 35.7; 28.0‐44.2) who underwent ERCP and MRI‐MRCP within ±3 months for diagnosis or follow‐up, were reviewed. ERCP and MRI‐MRCP images were scored using the modified Amsterdam score. Serum and biliary cytology markers of disease activity and severity were related to the imaging findings. Agreement on the assessment of the ERCP/MRCP score was calculated by kappa‐statistics. Spearman′s ρ was calculated when appropriate.ResultsThe agreement between ERCP and MRCP in scoring bile duct changes for disease severity was only moderate (weighted kappa: 0.437; 95% CI: 0.211‐0.644 for intra‐ and 0.512; 95% CI: 0.303‐0.720 for extra‐hepatic bile ducts). ERCP and MRCP intra‐hepatic scores were associated to the surrogate marker alkaline phosphatase (P = .02 for both). A weak correlation between MRCP score for extra‐hepatic bile ducts and liver transplantation/death was found (Spearman's ρ = .362, 95% CI: 0.080‐0.590, P = .022). A weak correlation between intra‐ (Spearman′s ρ = .322, 95% CI: 0.048‐0.551, P = .022) and extra‐hepatic (Spearman`s ρ = .319, 95% CI: 0.045‐0.549, P = .025) peribiliary enhancement on contrast‐enhanced MRI and severity of biliary cytologic classification was found.ConclusionsThe overall agreement between ERCP and MRI‐MRCP in assessing disease severity was moderate for intra‐ and extra‐hepatic bile ducts. MRI‐MRCP seems to have a minor role as surrogate marker of disease activity and progression in PSC.