bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise modes and their association with hypoglycemia episodes in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Hasan Saima , Shaw Sian M , Gelling Leslie H , Kerr Catherine J , Meads Catherine A 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveType 1 diabetes mellitus rates are rising worldwide. The health benefits of physical exercise in this condition are many, but more than 60% do not participate, mainly from fear of hypoglycemia. This systematic review explores the effects of physical exercise modes on blood glucose levels in adults for hypoglycemia prevention.Research design and methodsPredefined inclusion criteria were randomized or non-randomized cross-over trials of healthy non-obese adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exercise interventions used standardized protocols of intensity and timing. Outcomes included hypoglycemia during or after exercise, and acute glycemic control. Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, SPORTDiscus, CochraneCENTRAL (1990 to 11 January 2018), and Embase (1988 to 9 April 2018) were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. Inclusions, data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists were done by one researcher and checked by a second. Review Manager (V.5.3) was used for meta-analysis where four or more outcomes were reported.ResultsFrom 5459 citations, we included 15 small cross-over studies (3 non-randomized), 13 assessing aerobic (intermittent high-intensity exercise (IHE) vs continuous, or continuous vs rest) and 2 assessing resistance exercise versus rest. Study quality was good, and all outcome measures were reported. Thirteen gave hypoglycemia results, of which five had no episodes. Meta-analysis of hypoglycemia during or after IHE compared with continuous exercise showed no significant differences (n=5, OR=0.68 (95% CI 0.16 to 2.86), I2=56%). For blood glucose there was little difference between groups at any time point.ConclusionIHE may be safer than continuous exercise because of lesser decline in blood glucose, but more research needs to demonstrate if this would be reflected in hypoglycemic episode rates.Trial registration numberCRD42018068358.
An interpretation of the cosmic ray e+ + e− spectrum from 10GeV to 3TeV measured by CALET on the ISS
Authors: Bhattacharyya Saptashwa , Motz Holger , Asaoka Yoichi , Torii Shoji 
Published: October 2018

A combined interpretation of the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) [Formula: see text] spectrum up to 3[Formula: see text]TeV and the AMS-02 positron spectrum up to 500[Formula: see text]GeV was performed and the results are discussed. To parametrize the background electron flux, we assume a smoothly broken power-law spectrum with an exponential cutoff for electrons and fit this parametrization to the measurements, with either a pulsar or 3-body decay of fermionic Dark Matter (DM) as the extra electron–positron pair source responsible for the positron excess. We found that depending on the parameters for the background, both DM decay and the pulsar model can explain the combined measurements. While the DM decay scenario is constrained by the Fermi-LAT [Formula: see text]-ray measurement, we show that 3-body decay of a 800[Formula: see text]GeV DM can be compatible with the [Formula: see text]-ray flux measurement. We discuss the capability of CALET to discern decaying DM models from a generic pulsar source scenario, based on simulated data for five years of data-taking.
Comparing the Nonlinear Dynamic Acoustic Parameters of Healthy Adult and Pediatric Voices
Authors: Chou Adriana , Schrof Colin , Polce Evan , Braden Maia , McMurray James , Jiang Jack 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare nondysphonic adult and pediatric voices using linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters and to evaluate the ability of adult spectrum convergence ratio (SCR) and rate of divergence (ROD) reference values to correctly identify a pediatric voice type as periodic or aperiodic. Methods: Twenty adult and 36 pediatric nondysphonic voice samples were collected and analyzed using linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters. Absence of voice disorder was confirmed using perceptual acoustic and spectral analysis. Mean values for jitter, shimmer, SCR, and ROD were compared between adults and children, across specific age groups, and within genders. Using adult reference values for SCR and ROD, samples were classified as primarily periodic or aperiodic and typed using spectral analysis. Rates of accurate typing were also compared between subject groups. Results: Overall, jitter and shimmer were similar among the adult and pediatric age groups. ROD was significantly different among the 3 pediatric and 1 adult group; the pediatric age groups were similar to one another. Adult SCR was also significantly different from all of the pediatric age groups. In adult men, ROD and SCR were significantly different from all of the pediatric age groups; the pediatric age groups were similar to one another. In female subjects, ROD was significantly different among all age groups. The ROD and SCR reference values were significantly better at categorizing adult voice types compared with pediatric voice types. Conclusions: In healthy subjects, SCR and ROD have discriminatory power for identifying adult versus pediatric voices, while jitter and shimmer cannot differentiate between the 2 groups. However, age- and gender-specific pediatric reference values must be determined to accurately classify voice types using SCR and ROD.
Testing Random Walk and Market Efficiency: A Cross-Stock Market Analysis
Authors: Roy Subrata 
Published: October 2018

The study seeks to examine the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) and market efficiency of the selected stock market indices particularly London Stock Exchange, EuroStoxx 50, Nihon Keizai Shimbum (NIKKI), Shanghai Composite Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange. Daily closing index value is considered and transformed into logarithm return. Various tests like serial independence test, unit root test and multiple variance tests are applied. It is observed that the null hypotheses (presence of random walks) of the daily returns of the indices are rejected and in few cases are accepted based on various test statistics. JEL Classification: G00, G01, G02
Sit-Stand Desk Software Can Now Monitor and Prompt Office Workers to Change Health Behaviors
Authors: Sharma Pankaj Parag , Mehta Ranjana K. , Pickens Adam , Han Gang , Benden Mark 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a computer-based intervention designed to increase sit-stand desk usage and help reverse workplace physical inactivity. Background: Sit-stand desks have been successful in reducing workplace sedentary behavior, but the challenge remains for an effective method to increase the usage in order to experience the health and productivity benefits. Method: Data collection (1-year field study with 194 workers) used a novel method of computer software that continuously recorded objective electric sit-stand desk usage, while taking into account the time a worker spends away from their desk (breaks, meetings). During the baseline period, all workers’ desk usage was recorded by the software, and the intervention period consisted of software reminders and real-time feedback to all workers to change desk positions. Pooled means were calculated to determine desk usage patterns, and effect sizes and pairwise mean differences were analyzed to test for intervention significance. Results: The intervention doubled desk usage by increasing ~1 change to ~2 changes per work day. There was a 76% reduction in workers who never used the sit-stand function of the desk. Medium to large effect sizes from the intervention were observed in all three primary outcome measures (desk in sitting/standing position and desk position changes per work day). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate an effective intervention that increased postural transitioning and interrupted prolonged inactivity while remaining at the workstation. Application: The methods and results in this research study show that we can quantify an increase in desk usage and collect aggregate data continuously.
Use of ant colony optimization and the Kalman filter to deduce thigh dip angle via acceleration and angular velocity sensing
Authors: Fang Zheng , Yu Tao , Wang Qian , Wang Chao , Chen Siyuan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Acceleration and angular velocity sensors are commonly used in the measurement of gait parameters. A representative application calculates the limb segment dip angle. The rotation angle is typically deduced by a conventional Kalman filter, which includes the use of two empirically derived parameters. We improved this conventional method by introducing colony algorithm to find the optimal parameter combination instead of empirically assignment. Method: To achieve optimal results, a servo motor with an inertial measurement unit was used to simulate human limb segment motion according to programmed rotation angles that was employed as the ground truth. To minimize the bias between the ground truth and the calculated result, the ant colony algorithm was employed to obtain the optimal Kalman filter parameter combination in two-dimensional space. Results: By the motor experiment, the sum of the angle squared error was only 1.9305 rad2, much better than the 6.7723 rad2 error by the conventional method. The optimal parameter combination obtained was then used in a human experiment involving a basketball player. The frames from video of a whole gait cycle period were all showed with a corresponding deduced thigh dip angle curve diagram. Conclusion: The colony algorithm for parameters optimization results in less angle errors deduced by Kalman filter using the data from inertial measurement unit. The subject experiment verified the feasibility and performance of this method.
Study of lamina cribrosa depth and optic nerve in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Soares Andreia , Lopes Nuno , Morgado Gabriel , Serino Josefina , Painhas Teresa , Almeida Cristina , Vaz Fernando 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the lamina cribrosa depth and to study the optic nerve in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Methods: A total of 10 eyes of the patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension with unknown etiology (study group) and 10 eyes of healthy patients without any ophthalmological or neurological pathologies (control group) were included. The subjects were submitted to ophthalmological examination with the evaluation of visual acuity, spherical equivalent, applanation tonometry, pachymetry, axial length, retinography, computerized static perimetry (Humphrey 30-2 SITA-Standard), and OCT Spectralis with enhanced depth image, to calculate the depth of the anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa and to measure the nerve fiber layer thickness of the optic nerve. All of these parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa depth was 447.96 ± 118.51 (313.30–632.0) μm for the spontaneous intracranial hypotension group and 292.56 ± 40.71 (247–387) μm for the control group, with a statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.001). The thickness of the nerve fiber layer did not differ significantly in the temporal (p = 0.94), nasal (p = 0.173), superior (p = 0.41), central (p = 0.36) or inferior (p = 0.5) sectors. Four eyes of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension showed a marked reduction in the temporal nerve fiber layer. Pachymetry (p = 0.16), axial length (p = 0.71), and intraocular pressure (p = 0.6) did not differ significantly between groups, whereas spherical equivalent (p = 0.03) was significantly different. Visual fields were normal in both groups. Conclusion: The translaminar gradient is determinant in the structure of the lamina cribrosa. Low intracranial pressure associated with a high translaminar gradient leads to an increased lamina cribrosa depth similar to that observed in glaucoma patients.
Factors influencing middle managers’ commitment to the implementation of innovations in cancer care
Authors: Urquhart Robin , Kendell Cynthia , Folkes Amy , Reiman Tony , Grunfeld Eva , Porter Geoff 
Published: October 2018

Objective To identify and illuminate influences on middle managers’ commitment to innovation implementation. Methods A qualitative study was conducted, employing the methods of grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from middle managers (n = 15) in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. Data were collected and analysed concurrently, using an inductive constant comparative approach. Data collection and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Results The data revealed middle managers contemplate two central issues in terms of their commitment to implementation, that is whether or not they fully engage in and support the implementation of a particular innovation. These issues are (1) ease of implementation and (2) potential benefit for patients. Middle managers’ views and expectations related to ease of implementation are influenced by available resources, fit with setting, and stakeholder buy-in. Their views on patient benefit are influenced by external evidence of benefit and local gaps in care. Conclusions These findings provide further insight into the factors that influence middle managers’ commitment to innovation implementation, and how middle managers consider these factors in the context of their work settings.
Building programme theory to develop more adaptable and scalable complex interventions: Realist formative process evaluation prior to full trial
Authors: Brand Sarah Louise , Quinn Cath , Pearson Mark , Lennox Charlotte , Owens Christabel , Kirkpatrick Tim , Callaghan Lynne , Stirzaker Alex , Michie Susan , Maguire Mike , Shaw Jennifer , Byng Richard 
Published: October 2018

Medical Research Council guidelines recognise the need to optimise complex interventions prior to full trial through greater understanding of underlying theory and formative process evaluation, yet there are few examples. A realist approach to formative process evaluation makes a unique contribution through a focus on theory formalisation and abstraction. The success of an intervention is dependent on the extent to which it gels or jars with existing provision and can be successfully transferred to new contexts. Interventions with underlying programme theory about how they work, for whom, and under which circumstances will be better able to adapt to work with (rather than against) different services, individuals, and settings. In this methodological article, we describe and illustrate how a realist approach to formative process evaluation develops contextualised intervention theory that can underpin more adaptable and scalable interventions. We discuss challenges and benefits of this approach.
Endovascular retrograde approach may be a better option for acute tandem occlusions stroke
Authors: Yang Dong , Shi Zhonghua , Lin Min , Zhou Zhiming , Zi Wenjie , Wang Huaiming , Hao Yonggang , Guo Fuqiang , Liu Wenhua , Xu Gelin , Xiong Yunyun , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: October 2018

Objective The endovascular treatment strategy for acute tandem occlusion stroke is challenging, and controversy exists regarding which lesion should be treated first. This study addresses the uncertainty regarding the priority choice for thrombectomy in acute anterior circulation tandem occlusion stroke. Methods We analysed the clinical and angiographic data of tandem stroke patients who underwent interventional therapy from the endovAsCular Treatment of acUte Anterior circuLation ischaemic stroke (ACTUAL) registry. Recanalisation was assessed according to the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score. Clinical outcome was evaluated at 90 days using the modified Rankin scale score. Results Sixty tandem occlusion stroke patients were enrolled. Thirty-one (51.7%) patients received anterograde therapy, while 29 (48.3%) patients underwent the retrograde approach. Successful recanalisation (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b–3) occurred in 78.3% (47/60) of patients, and 50.0% (30/60) of patients achieved a modified Rankin scale score of 0–2 at 90 days. Patients undergoing the retrograde approach spent less time in distal occlusion recanalisation (125 (86–167) vs. 95 (74–122) minutes; P = 0.04) and achieved better functional outcomes at 90 days (69.0% (20/29) vs. 32.3% (10/31); P = 0.004) than patients who received anterograde therapy. The retrograde approach was associated with favourable clinical outcomes (odds ratio 0.21; 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.64; P = 0.006). Conclusion For acute tandem occlusion stroke, favourable outcomes were better in patients undergoing retrograde therapy than in patients who received the anterograde approach. Future randomised trials are warranted to determine the optimal treatment.
17-DMAG regulates p21 expression to induce chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bertram Karri L. , Narendran Nadia , Tailor Pankaj , Jablonski Christina , Leonard Catherine , Irvine Edward , Hess Ricarda , Masson Anand O. , Abubacker Saleem , Rinker Kristina , Biernaskie Jeff , Yates Robin M. , Salo Paul , Narendran Aru , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Cartilage degeneration after injury affects a significant percentage of the population, including those that will go on to develop osteoarthritis (OA). Like humans, most mammals, including mice, are incapable of regenerating injured cartilage. Interestingly, it has previously been shown that p21 (Cdkn1a) knockout (p21−/−) mice demonstrate auricular (ear) cartilage regeneration. However, the loss of p21 expression is highly correlated with the development of numerous types of cancer and autoimmune diseases, limiting the therapeutic translation of these findings. Therefore, in this study, we employed a screening approach to identify an inhibitor (17-DMAG) that negatively regulates the expression of p21. We also validated that this compound can induce chondrogenesis in vitro (in adult mesenchymal stem cells) and in vivo (auricular cartilage injury model). Furthermore, our results suggest that 17-DMAG can induce the proliferation of terminally differentiated chondrocytes (in vitro and in vivo), while maintaining their chondrogenic phenotype. This study provides new insights into the regulation of chondrogenesis that might ultimately lead to new therapies for cartilage injury and/or OA.
Improved care and support for people in mental health crisis
Authors: Griffith Richard 
Published: October 2018

District nurses are increasingly required to manage the physical health needs of patients who misuse substances or have mental health problems. Some patients have a mental health crisis in the community and come to the attention of the police. Concern over the use of police powers to detain people in a mental health crisis and in particular the use police cells as a place of safety has led to changes in the law. In this article the author updates district nurses on the amendments to police powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 introduced by the Policing and Crime Act 2017, part 4 chapter 4 designed to better manage those people experiencing a mental health crisis.
Understanding and interpreting funnel plots for the clinician
Authors: Godavitarne Charles , Robertson Alastair , Ricketts David M , Rogers Benedict A 
Published: October 2018

Funnel plots are an increasingly common graphical tool which are widely used in the literature. They were first introduced by Light and Pillemer in 1984 . In scientific literature, funnel plots are used to identify the probability of bias in meta-analyses and compare institutional performance. The ability to identify variation is better with graphical than tabular display. In addition, the way data are presented can directly influence the interpretation of results. This was demonstrated by Marshall et al (2004) , who presented institutional mortality data in both a league table and control chart format. This study illustrated that when displayed as a league table, a greater number of units were identified for investigation than were actually required. The use of control charts or funnel plots may therefore show benefit in reducing the number of inappropriately labelled outliers. This article explains how clinicians should read and interpret funnel plots, and discusses their considerations and limitations.
Portable Thermoelectric Cooler Box Performance with Variation of Input Power and Cooling Load
Authors: Mainil Afdhal Kurniawan , Aziz Azridjal , Akmal M 
Published: October 2018

The thermoelectric module is a device that works by using the Peltier effect when electrical power supplied on it. In this study, the thermoelectric module is applied as thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using air cooling heat sink where cooling box capacity is 22 L. This paper experimentally investigates the thermal performance of thermoelectric cooler with a variation on input power and cooling load. The investigation has been conducted by three variations on input power (50.5W, 72.72W and 113.64W) and by two variations of the cooling load using mineral water (1440 mL and 2880 mL) with input power 113.64W. The box temperature achieved at input power 50.5W, 72.72W and 113.64W are 19.98oC, 19.77oC and 18.52oC, respectively. While at the cooling load of 1440 mL and 2880 mL, the temperature achieved in the box are 22.45oC and 23.32oC, respectively. The test results showed that in variation on the input power from low to high, the temperature in box becomes lower on high input power and causes the lower of COP, this is because more energy could be absorbed on high input power. In the cooling load variation, the greater the cooling load given in cooling box, then the longer the box temperature stability can be achieved because of more energy needed for decreasing the temperature of cooling box.
Pemodelan Keparahan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Zulaika Zulaika , Soekarno Bonny Poernomo , Nurmansyah Ali 
Published: October 2018

Modelling on Rice Blast Disease Severity in Subang DistrictBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major diseases of rice in Indonesia. Research related to modelling of blast disease severity is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to design a statistical model on rice blast disease infestation on the rice paddy and to asses a correlation between the disease severity and infected seed level. The models were constructed based on multiple linier regression analyses. The study was conducted by observing the disease severity, collecting information about cultivation technique and weather conditions. The result of regression analysis showed severity modeling on influencing factors is Y = -67.17 + 5.51X1 – 10.54X2 + 13.26X3 + 8.51X4 + 2.29X5 + 1.32X6 + 8.47X7 + 0.31X8 + 4.53X9 (p-value <0.0001, R2 = 0.85). Nitrogen application and plant ages had significant effect on disease severity. The addition of N fertilizer increased the severity of blast disease by 8.47%. Increasing the daily life of plants increases the disease severity by 0.31%. The correlation (r) of pathogen infection after harvesting was strongly influenced by infection before planting with correlation value of 0.78. This means that the severity of seed disease after harvesting is influenced by 78% infection of pathogenic seed before planting. The result of regression analysis showed Y = 5.98 + 2.41X (p-value = 0.0076, R2 = 0.61). An increase of 1% pathogens carried by seed before planting will be increasing disease severity by 2.41% after harvesting. The results of this study can be used as a reference in preparing preventive control measure and reduce the risk of pathogen carried by seeds that act as a source of initial inoculum.