bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF PHOTOLYSIS (ARTIFICIAL RADIATION- UV) AS AN ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOP) FOR POLISHING SWINE WASTEWATER TREATED IN ANAEROBIC REACTORS - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984/reveng.v23n3p228-240
Authors: Pereira Erlon Lopes , Campos Claudio Milton Montenegro , Boas Regina Batista Vilas , Neves Cristine Serafini 
Published: November 2018

Among the numerous processes reported for sterilization of contaminated effluents, the advanced oxidative process (AOP) stands out for being effective in polishing degrading dissolved organic compounds. When comparing the various AOP(s), the UV photic process is advantageous since does not use catalysts and oxidizing reagents but only UV degradation, thus resulting in an effluent suitable for reuse and avoiding financial expenses related to chemical consumption. The present study sought after evaluating the efficiency of UV light, generated by special lamps in photo-reactors, degrading dissolved compounds and sterilizing microorganisms present in the effluent of anaerobic reactors treating hog farm effluents, aimed at improving the quality of the treated wastewater. In this work, two photoreactors were constructed using PVC pipe measuring 100 mm in diameter and 1060 mm in length. The pipe ends were sealed with PVC caps and the photo-reactor lamps designed to act on the liquid surface, without immerse in the liquid. Photo-reactors coated with aluminum foil increased the efficiency of UV radiation. The lamp used in each of the reactors was the germicidal fluorescent type, with wavelength of 240 nm and power of 30 Watts. In all trials, the photic process observed using only UV radiation was not efficient for mineralization of soluble organic compounds,
however with this process it was possible to modify the biodegradability of wastewater from pig farming.
Small size and rotary inertia effects on the natural frequencies of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Civalek Ömer , Ersoy Hakan , Numanoğlu Hayri Metin , Akgöz Bekir 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the present paper, rotary inertia and small size effects on the free vibration response of single-walled carbon nanotubes are examined. The equations in motion and associated boundary conditions are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle on the basis of modified couple stress and Rayleigh beam theories. The size effect is taken into account by modified couple stress theory while the rotary inertia effect is considered by Rayleigh beam theory. The resulting equations are analytically solved by implementing Navier’s solution technique for pinned-pinned carbon nanotubes. Influences of slenderness ratio, length scale parameter and rotary inertia on the natural frequencies of single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied in detail.
The more data, the better: A usage-based account of the English comparative correlative construction
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Horsch Jakob , Brunner Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLanguages are complex systems that allow speakers to produce novel grammatical utterances. Yet, linguists differ as to how general and abstract they think the mental representation of speakers have to be to give rise to this grammatical creativity. In order to shed light on these questions, the present study looks at one specific construction type, English comparative correlatives, that turns out to be particularly interesting in this context: on the one hand it has been described in terms of one of the most abstract and general syntactic rules, on the other hand it shows specific idiomatic structures that are often produced without any variation (e.g.the more, the merrier). While the syntax and semantics of the English Comparative Correlative (CC) construction have received considerable attention in the literature, so far only a small number of usage-based analyses have been published on the topic. These either only relied on small databases or focussed only on the productivity of one slot in the construction. In contrast to this, the present study analyses more than 1,400 CC tokens sampled from COCA. The results of the present study yield important results concerning English CC constructions, including the schematicity and generality of their mental representations.
Elimination of network intrusions via a resource oriented BDI architecture
Authors: Perháč Ján , Mihályi Daniel , Maťaš Lukáš 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We propose a resource-oriented architecture of a rational agent for a network intrusion detection system. This architecture describes the behavior of a rational agent after detection of unwanted network activities. We describe the creation of countermeasures to ward off detected threats. Examples are created based on the proposed architecture, describing the process during a rational agent detection. We have described these examples by linear BDI logic behavioral formulæ, that have been proven by Gentzen sequent calculus.
Description in space: Geography and narrative form
Authors: Rodriguez David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDescription and experience of the form of landscape are the core of geographical methodology and are explicitly theorized in humanist geography, particularly by Edward Relph. This essay outlines how his ideas about “seeing, thinking, and describing” – particularly the primacy of description – are relevant to a reformation for how narratologists handle the relationship between fiction and environment. Though the narratologist deals with reading and analyzing descriptions rather than producing descriptions as the geographer does, the phenomenological relationship between self, environment, and description of the latter can curiously expand what we normally think of as the reader-text dyad in the former. This new perspective is put into practice by studying three examples from American novels that offer descriptions of the environment from above.
Deprived of protection: The ethico-politics of authorship in Ian McEwan’sAtonement
Authors: Biti Vladimir 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper proposes to read the British novelist Ian McEwan as an ethically disconcerted post-imperial writer. His early works “gave voice to an anxiety about social, cultural and moral decline after the end of Britain’s imperial power had become vividly apparent” (Groes). Both the writer’s and his characters’ fatherless post-war childhoods testify to the systematic disconnection of the public and private in the late imperial and post-imperial country, which induced the growing feeling of unprotectedness among its inhabitants. McEwan consistently searches for an ethically responsible literary form to cope with the traumatic defenselessness that, much beyond post-imperial Britain, became the experience of both the recent world and literature. In this search, he develops a peculiar technology of his authorial self. By tending to provide a shelter to the defenseless characters, it reproduces the protective attitude of these characters toward the other characters. However, the author simultaneously exposes their remorseful attachment to the victims as selfish. As he thus never stops ethically exempting himself from his Doppelgängers, he continuously wrong-foots the reader. In sum,Atonementdraws its characters, narrator, author, and readers into a frenetic pursuit of the finalethicaltruth by repeatedly entrapping them in this truth’s provisionalpoliticalsurrogates.
Facing the facts of fake: A distributional semantics and corpus annotation approach
Authors: Cappelle Bert , Denis Pascal , Keller Mikaela 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Fake is often considered the textbook example of a so-called ‘privative’ adjective, one which, in other words, allows the proposition that ‘(a) fake x is not (an) x’. This study tests the hypothesis that the contexts of an adjectivenoun combination are more different from the contexts of the noun when the adjective is such a ‘privative’ one than when it is an ordinary (subsective) one. We here use ‘embeddings’, that is, dense vector representations based on word co-occurrences in a large corpus, which in our study is the entire English Wikipedia as it was in 2013. Comparing the cosine distance between the adjective-noun bigram and single noun embeddings across two sets of adjectives, privative and ordinary ones, we fail to find a noticeable difference. However, we contest that fake is an across-the-board privative adjective, since a fake article, for instance, is most definitely still an article. We extend a recent proposal involving the noun’s qualia roles (how an entity is made, what it consists of, what it is used for, etc.) and propose several interpretational types of fake-noun combinations, some but not all of which are privative. These interpretations, which we assign manually to the 100 most frequent fake-noun combinations in the Wikipedia corpus, depend to a large extent on the meaning of the noun, as combinations with similar interpretations tend to involve nouns that are linked in a distributions-based network. When we restrict our focus to the privative uses of fake only, we do detect a slightly enlarged difference between fake + noun bigram and noun distributions compared to the previously obtained average difference between adjective + noun bigram and noun distributions. This result contrasts with negative or even opposite findings reported in the literature.
Unifying entrenched tokens and schematized types as routinized commonalities of linguistic experience
Authors: Schmid Hans-Jörg 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Proponents of usage-based models of language acquisition, language structure and language change widely agree that the repetition of specific tokens of words and strings in language use (e.g. give me a break) is conducive to their entrenchment and has a stabilizing and conserving effect, while the repetition of different instantiations of a variable type or pattern (give me a kiss, give me a smile, give me an amen) fosters schematicity and productivity (give me a(n) X). In this paper, I will argue that token-entrenchment and type-schematization are subserved by the same repetition-driven cognitive mechanism. Commonalities observed in linguistic input and output become routinized by repeated activation of patterns of associations. Token-entrenchment and type-schematization do not differ qualitatively but only quantitatively with regard to the variability of what is noticed as being similar. I argue that any form of routinization requires an abstraction over differences between episodes in terms of pronunciation, cotext and context. Therefore, schematization is an inherent component of routinization, but routinization is clearly the more fundamental cognitive process and learning mechanism. I argue that routinized patterns of associations can do the job of constructions in a more flexible, dynamic and parsimonious way and illustrate the potential of this idea with the help of data and insights gleaned from Schonefeld (2015).
Reconciling older and newer approaches to grammaticalization
Authors: Cuyckens Hubert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The grammaticalization literature has seen three different strands of grammaticalization research: research inspired (i) by Lehmann’s unidirectional reduction view, in which a grammaticalizing item loses integrity and becomes increasingly dependent; (ii) by Himmelmann’s context-expansion view; and (iii) research that is integrated into a construction grammar approach to language. With each (new) domain of inquiry seems to have come a distinct set of criteria. This may create the impression that grammaticalization simply adjusts its criteria - in an ad-hoc fashion - to the domain at hand. Informed by the discussion in Traugott and Trousdale (2013), I argue in this paper that what look like distinct sets of grammaticalization criteria may not be as distinct as first meets the eye.
Lebenslauf, soziale Mobilität und Gesundheit
Authors: Knöchelmann Anja , Günther Sebastian , Moor Irene , Seifert Nico , Richter Matthias 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Mobilität und Gesundheit. In Relation zu Personen, die über den Lebenslauf eine konstant hohe Position innehatten, wiesen inter- und intragenerational abwärts Mobile und Personen in einer dauerhaft niedrigen Position eine schlechtere selbstberichtete Gesundheit auf. Der Abstieg in Arbeitslosigkeit ist vor allem bei Männern innerhalb der eigenen Karriere bedeutsam. Diese Zusammenhänge sind über die Zeit stabil und es zeigen sich kaum Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland.
Regionale Deprivation in Deutschland: Der ‚German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD)‘
Authors: Maier Werner , Schwettmann Lars 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche internationale Studien zeigen, dass Indizes Multipler Deprivation ein geeignetes Instrument zur Messung sozialräumlicher Effekte auf die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung und damit zur Sichtbarmachung sozialer Ungleichheiten darstellen. Auch für Deutschland liegt mit dem German Index of Multiple Deprivation ein derartiges etabliertes Werkzeug vor. Zukünftig sollten entsprechend fundierte Ergebnisse stärkere Berücksichtigung bei der Ressourcenallokation und medizinischen Bedarfsplanung finden.
Wie gesund sind die Haushaltsgemeinschaften von Erwerbslosen in Deutschland?
Authors: Hollederer Alfons , Wildner Manfred 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Sekundäranalyse des EU-SILC-Survey 2014 ergibt bei 12.744 Haushalten in Deutschland, dass die Haushaltsgemeinschaften von Erwerbslosen signifikant häufiger durch Umweltbelastungen (31% vs. 23%), Gewalt (21% vs. 13%), Lärm (40% vs. 27%) und Armutsgefährdung als der Durchschnitt exponiert sind. Ihre Kinder (Alter 1–15) bekommen wesentlich seltener täglich frisches Obst und Gemüse (75% vs. 90%) sowie eine hochwertige Mahlzeit (75% vs. 89%). Die Expositionsfaktoren sind mit Gesundheit assoziiert.
Soziale Lage und Gesundheit: Arteria Danubia („ArDa“) – Ergebnisse eines Drei-Länderprojektes
Authors: Dengler Robert , Lakasz Andrea , Tsenov Aleksandar , Kollanyi Zsofia , Cassens Manfred 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Förderung innovativer F&E-Netzwerke innerhalb der Donauanrainerstaaten wurde 2011 verabschiedet. Zur Umsetzung dieser Strategie schrieb das deutsche Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) mehrere Ideenwettbewerbe aus. In diesem Zusammenhang erhielt die FOM gemeinsam mit ihren Netzwerkpartnern, der ELTE-Universität (Budapest) und der Technischen Universität Sofia den Zuschlag für das Anbahnungsprojekt „Arteria Danubia“ im Themenfeld „Soziale Lage und Gesundheit“.
Milieuzugehörigkeiten und Gesundheitslebensstile: Empirische Befunde
Authors: Röding Dominik , Elkeles Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag formuliert zunächst drei Hypothesen, die aus Bourdieus Annahme einer Homologie zwischen dem Raum der sozialen Positionen und dem Raum der Lebensstile abgeleitet werden. Diese werden dann mit hierfür gebildeten Indikatoren aus dem Datensatz der Neubrandenburger Landgesundheitsstudie überprüft. Die Zusammenhangsanalysen sprechen für eine Bestätigung der Hypothesen hinsichtlich häufigerer bzw. seltenerer Gesundheitslebensstile in verschiedenen sozialen Milieus.
Social determinants and health-related needs of pregnant refugees and asylum seekers
Authors: Gewalt Sandra Claudia , Berger Sarah , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Migration experience and applying for asylum create unique health challenges for pregnant women and new mothers. Understanding the impact of social determinants of health on refugees and asylum seekers during pregnancy and early motherhood is important for equity and access to care. The World Health Organization’s framework on social determinants of health can serve research groups in strategically focusing their resources when investigating health needs, access to and provision of care.
Rhetorische Ausgestaltung von Äußerungsreparaturen in der Arzt-Patient- Interaktion
Authors: Winterscheid Jenny , Kook Jiyeon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Doctor-patient communication is a condensed and solution-oriented interaction. Repairs of what is said and what isn‘t processed properly are especially in these - usually very short - interactions important to get to a common level of knowledge. This is not only crucial for the implementation of the common and targeted interaction, but also for a successful therapy following it. In addition, in some cases repairs are extremely delicate. In this article we will discuss which rhetorical devices the participants use for repair and how these repairs are processed. Not only rhetorical devices differ, but also processing of the repairs in individual interactions. Data are based on various corpora of medical communication with dyadic and triadic structure of general practitioners, internists, urologists and pediatricians from Germany and Korea.
Wissenstransfer in der Gesundheitskommunikation
Authors: Hess-Lüttich Ernest W.B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Using the question of ›overweight and nutrition‹ as an example, the article examines the rhetoric of knowledge transfer in public health communication and shows how individual texts from a wide variety of oral and written media combine on a meta-textual level to form a textual network and thus become a constitutive component of a public discourse in health communication. The occasion and starting point is the Swiss Nutrition Report, whose 5th issue on the topic of »Nutrition and obesity« has triggered a nationwide flood of follow-up publications on the subject. In addition to the scientific report, the resulting text network includes its popular scientific short version, specialist presentations, leaflets and flyers, brochures, newspaper interviews, news and commentaries, talk shows, Internet forums and interpersonal nutrition counselling discussions, each of them following their own rhetorical rules and patterns.
Validation of a clinicopathological score for the prediction of post-surgical evolution of pituitary adenoma: retrospective analysis on 566 patients from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Asioli S , Righi A , Iommi M , Baldovini C , Ambrosi F , Guaraldi F , Zoli M , Mazzatenta D , Faustini-Fustini M , Rucci P , Giannini C , Foschini M P 
Published: November 2018

Objective and design
A clinicopathological score has been proposed by Trouillas et al. to predict the evolution of pituitary adenomas. Aim of our study was to perform an independent external validation of this score and identify other potential predictor of post-surgical outcome.

Methods
The study sample included 566 patients with pituitary adenomas, specifically 253 FSH/LH-secreting, 147 GH-secreting, 85 PRL-secreting, 72 ACTH-secreting and 9 TSH-secreting tumours with at least 3-year post-surgical follow-up.

Results
In 437 cases, pituitary adenomas were non-invasive, with low (grade 1a: 378 cases) or high (grade 1b: 59 cases) proliferative activity. In 129 cases, tumours were invasive, with low (grade 2a: 87 cases) or high (grade 2b: 42 cases) proliferative activity. During the follow-up (mean: 5.8 years), 60 patients developed disease recurrence or progression, with a total of 130 patients with pituitary disease at last follow-up. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significantly higher risk of disease persistence and recurrence/progression in patients with PRL-, ACTH- and FSH/LH-secreting tumours as compared to those with somatotroph tumours, and in those with high proliferative activity (grade 1b and 2b) or >1 cm diameter. Multivariate analysis confirmed tumour type and grade to be independent predictors of disease-free-survival. Tumour invasion, Ki-67 and tumour type were the only independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival.

Conclusions
Our data confirmed the validity of Trouillas’ score, being tumour type and grade independent predictors of disease evolution. Therefore, we recommend to always consider both features, together with tumour histological subtype, in the clinical setting to early identify patients at higher risk of recurrence.
Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep
Authors: Duan Jingyue (Ellie) , Flock Kaleigh , Jue Nathanial , Zhang Mingyuan , Jones Amanda , Seesi Sahar Al , Mandoiu Ion , Pillai Sambhu , Hoffman Maria , O’Neill Rachel , Zinn Steven , Govoni Kristen , Reed Sarah , Jiang Hesheng , Jiang Zongliang (Carl) , Tian Xiuchun (Cindy) 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOhno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1. In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno’s hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and “dosage-sensitive”.
Screening for Iron Deficiency in Early Childhood Using Serum Ferritin in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Oatley Hannah , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Chen Shiyi , Macarthur Colin , Persaud Navindra , Birken Catherine S. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Parkin Patricia C. ,   on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal screening for anemia using hemoglobin at 12 months. However, hemoglobin lacks diagnostic accuracy for iron deficiency, and the optimal age for screening has not been determined. Our objective was to assess a screening strategy for iron deficiency using serum ferritin.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of children 1 to 3 years old attending a health supervision visit. We examined the relationship between child age and serum ferritin, age and hemoglobin, hemoglobin and serum ferritin, and the prevalence of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP).RESULTS:Restricted cubic spline analysis (n = 1735) revealed a nonlinear relationship between age and serum ferritin (P &lt; .0001). A linear spline model revealed that from 12 to 15 months, for each 1-month increase in age, serum ferritin levels decreased by 9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5 to 13). From 15 to 24 months, the rate of change was nonsignificant. From 24 to 38 months, for each month increase in age, serum ferritin increased by 2% (95% CI: 1 to 2). For hemoglobin, from 12 to 24 months, the rate of change was nonsignificant. From 24 to 38 months, for each 1-month increase in age, hemoglobin increased by 20% (95% CI: 9 to 32). Compared with the serum ferritin cutoff of &lt;12 μg/L, the hemoglobin cutoff of &lt;110 g/L had a sensitivity of 25% (95% CI: 19 to 32) and a specificity of 89% (95% CI: 87 to 91). Elevated CRP ≥10 mg/L occurred in 3.3% (95% CI: 2.5 to 4.2).CONCLUSIONS:Screening for iron deficiency using serum ferritin at 15 or 18 months may be a promising strategy. For children at low risk for acute inflammation, concurrent measurement of CRP may not be necessary.