bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding how consumers with food allergies make decisions based on precautionary labelling
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Roberts Graham , Regent Lynne , Austin Moira , Kenna Fiona , Schnadt Sabine , Sanchez‐Sanz Angel , Hernandez Pilar , Hjorth Bettina , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Taylor Steve , Baumert Joseph , Sheikh Aziz , Astley Sian , Crevel Rene , Mills Clare 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding consumer perceptions is crucial if effective food safety policy and risk communication are to be developed and implemented. We sought to understand how those living with food allergy assess risk with precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) and their preference in how risks are communicated within a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) framework.MethodsThe Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management (iFAAM) labelling online survey was developed for adults and parents of children with food allergy and distributed across Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain and UK via patient support groups.ResultsThere were 1560 complete responses. ‘This product is not suitable for’ was selected as first choice for PAL by 46% overall and ‘May contain’ was selected as the first choice by 44%. Seventy‐three percent reported that it would improve their trust in a product if a QRA process had been used to make a decision about whether to include ‘may contain’. Overall, 66% reported that a ‘statement + symbol’ on the label indicating a QRA, would help them to understand the risk assessment process that had been used by the food manufacturer.ConclusionsConsumers want to know what process has actually taken place for the placing of a PAL and/or risk assessment statement on a particular food product. Our findings provide a basis for the development of more informative communication around food allergen risk and safety and support evidence‐based policy‐making in the context of the legislative requirements of the European Union's Food Information for Consumers Regulation.
A novel vaccine platform using glucan particles for induction of protective responses againstFrancisella tularensisand other pathogens
Authors: Abraham A , Ostroff G , Levitz S M , Oyston P C F 
Published: August 2019

SummaryVaccines are considered the bedrock of preventive medicine. However, for many pathogens, it has been challenging to develop vaccines that stimulate protective, long-lasting immunity. We have developed a novel approach using β-1,3-D-glucans (BGs), natural polysaccharides abundantly present in fungal cell walls, as a biomaterial platform for vaccine delivery. BGs simultaneously provide for receptor-targeted antigen delivery to specialized antigen-presenting cells together with adjuvant properties to stimulate antigen-specific and trained non-specific immune responses. This review focuses on various approaches of using BG particles (GPs) to develop bacterial and fungal vaccine candidates. A special case history for the development of an effective GP tularaemia vaccine candidate is highlighted.
New risk score of the early period after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: For the prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia
Authors: Fang Yuan‐Jian , Mei Shu‐Hao , Lu Jia‐Nan , Chen Yi‐Ke , Chai Zhao‐Hui , Dong Xiao , Araujo Camila , Reis Cesar , Zhang Jian‐Min , Chen Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe aim of this study is to identify the early predictors for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and develop a risk stratification score by focusing on the early change after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).MethodsThe study retrospectively reviewed aSAH patients between 2014 and 2015. Risk factors within 72 hours after aSAH were included into univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to screen the independent predictors for DCI and to design a risk stratification score.ResultsWe analyzed 702 aSAH patients; four predictors were retained from the final multivariable analysis: World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies scale (WFNS; OR = 4.057, P < .001), modified Fisher Scale (mFS; OR = 2.623, P < .001), Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES; OR = 1.539, P = .036), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; OR = 1.932, P = .002). According to the regression coefficient, we created a risk stratification score ranging from 0 to 7 (WFNS = 3, mFS = 2, SEBES = 1, and IVH = 1). The new score showed a significantly higher area under curve (0.785) compared with other scores (P < .001).ConclusionThe early DCI score provides a practical method at the early 72 hours after aSAH to predict DCI.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from systemic drugs
Authors: Gilissen Liesbeth , Boeckxstaens Emma , Geebelen Julie , Goossens An 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐care workers (HCWs) and professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry are at risk of developing occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from systemic drugs (or drug intermediates).ObjectivesTo study demographic characteristics and identify systemic drugs responsible for OACD in patients investigated for contact allergy during the period 2001‐2019.MethodsIn the study period, 9780 patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, sometimes with additional series, and other relevant potential allergens. All patients with a positive patch‐test reaction to systemic medication exposed to at work were included for further analysis.ResultsOf 1248 HCWs examined in our clinic, 201 suffered from OACD. In 26 (13%) dermatitis was caused by skin contact with a systemic drug: 19 nurses, five chemists working in the pharmaceutical industry, one physician, and one veterinarian. In total, 45 positive patch‐test reactions to 20 different systemic drugs were found, with tetrazepam (n = 11), ranitidine hydrochloride (n = 5), and zolpidem (n = 4) being the most frequent. Three pharmaceutical chemists were sensitized to a drug intermediate. The lesions were mostly localized on the hands, but often also on the face, as airborne dermatitis.ConclusionAs much as 13% of OACD in HCWs, diagnosed in our tertiary referral center, was attributable to systemic drugs, most frequently in nurses.
Planning for success: Why conservation programs need a strategic program for recovering species
Authors: Adams Vanessa M. , O'Donnell Jessica , Burley Alana , Lawson James , Auld Tony D. , Brazill‐Boast James , Laws Claire A. , Gallagher Rachael V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA substantial amount of money has been spent globally on threatened species management. While the number of threatened species continues to increase, we would expect to observe a portion of those receiving active management to respond positively and recover over time. Management of these recovering species requires a different approach to those which are declining. In particular, recovering species may require active monitoring as the primary management activity, once the threats causing their initial decline have been managed such that populations are stable or increasing. When prioritizing funding actions to improve species persistence (in particular with species prioritization approaches such as cost‐effectiveness rankings), we demonstrate that monitoring species to track their continued improvement would only occur in the (unlikely) scenario of comprehensive program funding. We provide one easily implemented solution to this—the establishment of a separately funded transitional management stream within which recovering or recovered species are prioritized for monitoring from a dedicated monitoring budget. We present a set of criteria to assess recovering species eligible for this management arrangement and demonstrate the successful application of this approach in New South Wales, Australia in the Saving our Species program.
Large‐scale α‐diversity patterns in plants and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) indicate a high biodiversity conservation value of China's restored temperate forest landscapes
Authors: Zou Yi , Sang Weiguo , Bai Fan , Brennan Ewan , Diekman Maryse , Liu Yunhui , Li Liangtao , Marples Alice , Shi Hongliang , Sui Zhongzhou , Sun Xiaojie , Wang Changliu , Wang Xin , Warren‐Thomas Eleanor , Yang Xin , Yu Zhenrong , Axmacher Jan Christoph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimFollowing the near‐complete destruction of China's forest ecosystems during the 20th century, recent reforestation programmes have created large‐scale mosaics of protected secondary and plantation forests. These restored forests are often assumed to have limited biodiversity conservation value, but large‐scale evaluations of their diversity are lacking. In our study, we compared α‐diversity and species dissimilarity patterns of vascular plants and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in restored secondary and plantation forests to remnant mature forests across north‐eastern temperate China. We also assessed functional traits of beetles and cross‐taxon diversity links to evaluate differences in ecosystem functioning among forest types.Location. Northeast China.MethodsVascular plant and ground beetle assemblages were recorded in 159 temperate forest plots. The α‐diversity and species compositional dissimilarity of these taxa and the functional traits of beetles were compared between plantation, secondary and mature forest ecosystems.ResultsHerbaceous plant species richness peaked in mature forests, while carabid and woody plant diversity did not differ between forest types. Species dissimilarity of carabids was lowest in mature forests and highest in plantation forests. Mature forest contained the highest proportion of carnivorous beetles and secondary forests of large‐bodied carabids. Carabid diversity and woody plant species richness were positively correlated in mature forests, but not in secondary or plantation forests.Main conclusionsWhile China's mature forests show a great conservation value in harbouring highly diverse herbaceous plant assemblages and an abundance of distinct invertebrate trait groups such as small predatory carabids, China's restored temperate forests also support a high diversity of woody plants and carabids. Overall, our findings offer an encouraging conservation message for biodiversity conservation in China and demonstrate the importance of policy measures that ensure effective long‐term protection of both, China's remnant mature forests, but also its new forest ecosystems.
Effects of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on estimated plasma volume in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dekkers Claire C. J. , Sjöström C. David , Greasley Peter J. , Cain Valerie , Boulton David W. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on estimated (ePV) and measured plasma volume (mPV) and to characterize the effects of dapagliflozin on ePV in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThe Strauss formula was used to calculate changes in ePV. Change in plasma volume measured with 125I‐human serum albumin (mPV) was compared with change in ePV in 10 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg/d or placebo. Subsequently, changes in ePV were measured in a pooled database of 13 phase 2b/3 placebo‐controlled clinical trials involving 4533 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or matched placebo.ResultsThe median change in ePV was similar to the median change in mPV (−9.4% and −9.0%) during dapagliflozin treatment. In the pooled analysis of clinical trials, dapagliflozin decreased ePV by 9.6% (95% confidence interval 9.0 to 10.2) compared to placebo after 24 weeks. This effect was consistent in various patient subgroups, including subgroups with or without diuretic use or established cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsePV may be used as a proxy to assess changes in plasma volume during dapagliflozin treatment. Dapagliflozin consistently decreased ePV compared to placebo in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)
Authors: Nevoux Marie , Finstad Bengt , Davidsen Jan Grimsrud , Finlay Ross , Josset Quentin , Poole Russell , Höjesjö Johan , Aarestrup Kim , Persson Lo , Tolvanen Oula , Jonsson Bror 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice,introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research.
Career concerns and peer effects in institutional tournaments: Evidence from ECB reserve currency portfolios
Authors: Sahel Benjamin , Scalia Antonio , Zaccaria Luana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing data on European Central Bank's (ECB's) reserve currency portfolios, we find that money managers react to relative rankings (i.e., own vs. peers’ performance) by adjusting portfolio active risk levels measured ex ante by actual deviations from their benchmark. This occurs in the absence of explicit incentives as no monetary reward is promised for winning this “tournament” among portfolio managers. We collect information on managers’ characteristics, including age, education, tenure, salary, and career path, and investigate the role played by implicit incentives. We provide evidence that both individual career concerns and institutional peer pressure contribute to the documented relationship between ranking and risk taking.
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of land use and non‐native species on community responses to climate change
Authors: Auffret Alistair G. , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate change, land‐use change and introductions of non‐native species are key determinants of biodiversity change worldwide. However, the extent to which anthropogenic drivers of environmental change interact to affect biological communities is largely unknown, especially over longer time periods. Here, we show that plant community composition in 996 Swedish landscapes has consistently shifted to reflect the warmer and wetter climate that the region has experienced during the second half of the 20th century. Using community climatic indices, which reflect the average climatic associations of the species within each landscape at each time period, we found that species compositions in 74% of landscapes now have a higher representation of warm‐associated species than they did previously, while 84% of landscapes now host more species associated with higher levels of precipitation. In addition to a warmer and wetter climate, there have also been large shifts in land use across the region, while the fraction of non‐native species has increased in the majority of landscapes. Climatic warming at the landscape level appeared to favour the colonization of warm‐associated species, while also potentially driving losses in cool‐associated species. However, the resulting increases in community thermal means were apparently buffered by landscape simplification (reduction in habitat heterogeneity within landscapes) in the form of increased forest cover. Increases in non‐native species, which generally originate from warmer climates than Sweden, were a strong driver of community‐level warming. In terms of precipitation, both landscape simplification and increases in non‐natives appeared to favour species associated with drier climatic conditions, to some extent counteracting the climate‐driven shift towards wetter communities. Anthropogenic drivers can act both synergistically and antagonistically to determine trajectories of change in biological communities over time. Therefore, it is important to consider multiple drivers of global change when trying to understand, manage and predict biodiversity in the future.
Interaction effects between the agglomerative externalities affecting the survival of small startups
Authors: Yi Changhyo , Nam Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the survival of firms and the influence of agglomeration economies on firm location using a mixed effect Cox model considering random effects, given the industrial conditions of South Korea. Each agglomerative externality had a negative effect on the survival proportion of small startups except the related variety of the tertiary sector. However, the interaction effects between each externality and the location potential and among agglomerative externalities mostly played a complementary role to the survivability of startups; however certain effects reduced the survivability, and the effects were differentiated for each industrial sector. This study provides an advanced understanding of small firm performance after entry into the market in developing and developed nations.
Characteristics of a XIP‐resistant xylanase from Neocallimastix sp. GMLF1 and its advantage in barley malt saccharification
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Liu Xinyu , Xie Xia , Yang Sen , Lin Hui , Chen Hongge 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe well‐studied xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP‐I) regularly inhibits fungi‐derived xylanases, yet some fungal xylanases are not inhibited by XIP‐I. Based on the sequence alignment with the known XIP‐I resistant NpXyn11A from Neocallimastix patriciarum, a new annotated xylanase from ruminal fungus Neocallimastix sp. GMLF1 was found, noted as Xyn1B, which shared 77.8% of sequence identity with NpXyn11A and was proved to be resistant to XIP‐I. To evaluate the performance of a XIP resistant xylanase used in barley malt saccharification, a XIP‐I sensitive xylanase ThXyn1 from Trichoderma harzianum was chosen as a control. The barley malt saccharification experiment was carried out on the condition with or without extra XIP‐I added. The results showed that Xyn1B displayed only slight difference in presence and absence of added XIP‐I, with the difference of xylose released (ΔX) and the difference of mash clarity (ΔA) being 0.17 g L−1 (P > 0.05) and 0.007 (P > 0.05), respectively; while those for ThXyn1 group reached 0.96 g L−1 (P < 0.01) and 0.095 (P < 0.05), indicating that XIP‐I did not adversely affect Xyn1B's function, but did affect ThXyn1's function. Our work for the first time suggested that a xylanase with resistance to xylanase inhibitor proteins might have an advantage in barley malt saccharification over an inhibitor sensitive xylanase.
Immune evasion by Salmonella: exploiting the VPAC1/VIP axis in human monocytes
Authors: Askar Basim , Higgins John , Barrow Paul , Foster Neil 
Published: August 2019

SummaryImmune evasion is a critical survival mechanism for bacterial colonization of deeper tissues and may lead to life‐threatening conditions such as endotoxaemia and sepsis. Understanding these immune evasion pathways would be an important step for the development of novel anti‐microbial therapeutics. Here, we report a hitherto unknown mechanism by which Salmonella exploits an anti‐inflammatory pathway in human immune cells to obtain survival advantage. We show that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 4/74 significantly (P < 0·05) increased expression of mRNA and surface protein of the type 1 receptor (VPAC1) for anti‐inflammatory vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in human monocytes. However, we also show that S. Typhimurium induced retrograde recycling of VPAC1 from early endosomes to Rab11a‐containing sorting endosomes, associated with the Golgi apparatus, and anterograde trafficking via Rab3a and calmodulin 1. Expression of Rab3a and calmodulin 1 were significantly increased by S. Typhimurium infection and W‐7 (calmodulin antagonist) decreased VPAC1 expression on the cell membrane while CALP‐1 (calmodulin agonist) increased VPAC1 expression (P < 0·05). When infected monocytes were co‐cultured with VIP, a significantly higher number of S. Typhimurium were recovered from these monocytes, compared with S. Typhimurium recovered from monocytes cultured only in cell media. We conclude that S. Typhimurium infection exploits host VPAC1/VIP to gain survival advantage in human monocytes.
Too powerless to speak up: Effects of social rejection on sense of power and employee voice
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Lee Su Sang , Oh Junho , Lee Sujin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnabling and amplifying the voice of employees creates opportunities for organizational improvement. Prior research has shown that employees' sense of power has impact on their voice behavior. As such, when would employees feel too powerless to speak up in the workplace? The current study investigates the indirect effect of social rejection (via sense of power) on employee voice. We use conservation of resources theory to explain this relationship. Experimental data from two studies demonstrate that participants reminded of social rejection (vs. acceptance) exhibit a lower sense of power. Specifically, we observe that social rejection diminishes a person's sense of power, and that social acceptance does not enhance this sense. That is, social rejection has an indirect effect on employee voice through sense of power. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings with regard to social rejection, sense of power, and workplace voice behavior.