bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSONAL BACKGROUND DENGAN KETAATAN AUDITOR PADA KODE ETIK AKUNTAN PUBLIK
Authors: Pratiwi Sherley Lucia Citra , Faturachman Aman 
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara personal background auditor (variabel X) dengan ketaatan auditor pada kode etik akuntan publik (variabel Y). variabel X ditinjau melalui 4 (empat) dimensi yaitu pendidikan, organisasional, pengalaman hidup, dan imbalan yang diterima. Sedangkan variabel Y ditinjau melalui 5 (lima) dimensi yaitu indenpensi-integritas-objektivitas, standar umum dan prinsip akuntansi, tanggung jawab kepada rekan seprofesi, tanggung jawab kepada klien serta tanggung jawab dan praktik lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 12 (dua belas) Kantor Akuntan publik di Bandung. Ditinjau dari metode yang digunakan, maka penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survey dan menurut tingkat eksplanasinya maka termasuk penelitian asosiatif/korelasional. Skala yang digunakan adalah skala ordinal dan metode Likert. Setelah dilakukan pengujian validitas dan realibilitas, data yang valid dan reliabel tersebut kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode korelasi Rank Spearman. Dari penelitian atas hubungan dari kedua variabel dengan metode korelasi Rank Spearman tersebut dihasilkan koofesien korelasi sebesar 0,541 (rs=0,541), yang berarti terdapat hubungan positif antara latar belakang (personal background) auditor dengan ketaatan auditor pada kode etik akuntan publik.
Fast Radio Burst Energetics and Detectability from High Redshifts
Authors: Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We estimate the upper limit redshifts of known fast radio bursts (FRBs) using the dispersion measure (DM)-redshift (z) relation and derive the upper limit peak luminosity L

p
and energy E of FRBs within the observational band. The average z upper limits range from 0.17 to 3.10, the average L

p
upper limits range from 1.24 × 1042 erg s−1 to 7.80 × 1044 erg s−1, and the average E upper limits range from 6.91 × 1039 erg to 1.94 × 1042 erg. FRB 160102 with DM = 2596.1 ± 0.3 pc cm−3 likely has a redshift greater than 3. Assuming that its intrinsic DM contribution from the host and FRB source is DMhost + DMscr ∼ 100 pc cm−3, such an FRB can be detected up to z ∼ 3.6 by Parkes and the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) under ideal conditions up to z ∼ 10.4. Assuming the existence of FRBs that are detectable at z ∼ 15 by sensitive telescopes such as FAST, the upper limit DM for FRB searches may be set to ∼9000 pc cm−3. For single-dish telescopes, those with a larger aperture tend to detect more FRBs than those with a smaller aperture if the FRB luminosity function index α
L is steeper than 2, and vice versa. In any case, large-aperture telescopes such as FAST are more capable of detecting high-z FRBs, even though most of FRBs detected by them are still from relatively low redshifts.
Le cannibale et la justice
Authors: Gendry Thaïs 
Published: November 2018

Dans les années 1920, les tribunaux coloniaux de Guinée française et de Côte d’Ivoire furent pris d’une fièvre de condamnations à mort à l’encontre de criminels d’un genre spécial : les anthropophages. Cet article analyse l’histoire de cet épisode et montre comment les condamnations pour anthropophagie sont avant tout issues d’impératifs politiques coloniaux, nourris par des fantasmes à l’égard des peuples africains. Sans preuve matérielle aucune, les administrateurs menèrent, avec l’appui des autorités métropolitaines, une politique de répression judiciaire sans précédent contre les populations de la forêt ivoirienne et guinéenne.
Honneur masculin et violence policière ordinaire
Authors: Muschalek Marie , Tiquet Romain , Bomy Charlotte 
Published: November 2018

Cet article s’interroge sur la place de la violence sexuelle dans les activités quotidiennes de l’État colonial du Sud-Ouest africain allemand. Acteurs les plus visibles de cet État, les policiers cherchaient à vivre une masculinité ancrée dans les notion d’honneur, de martialité et de professionnalisme. Leur honneur était en même temps celui de l’État colonial en entier. Des actes de violence spécifiquement masculine, comme le viol, commis par ses représentants posaient un problème à la légitimité de l’État. Dans le cas examiné ici, les représentants de l’administration coloniale articulaient ce que l’honneur et la camaraderie représentaient pour eux. Les discussions sur ce que signifiait une conduite « honorable » étaient toujours des négociations sur la qualité de l’État colonial et de son programme.
Comment faire la révolution en Amérique latine ?
Authors: Pedemonte Rafael 
Published: November 2018

Dans les années 1960, loin de constituer un conflit purement bipolaire gauche/droite, la guerre froide en Amérique latine engendre aussi des tensions au sein du marxisme continental. La révolution cubaine, qui définit dès 1960 un schéma théorique (le foco ) défiant le « communisme orthodoxe » incarné par l’URSS, n’est pas toujours perçue comme un modèle incontournable du communisme hémisphérique. Le Parti communiste du Chili, dirigé par Luis Corvalán qui prône une « voie pacifique vers la révolution », réagit face à la radicalité du discours cubain faisant de la lutte armée le seul moyen d’atteindre la victoire révolutionnaire, ce qui déclenche d’intenses controverses, dont la bruyante « affaire Neruda » en 1966.
Toe die vierde Taalkommissie in sy spore gestuit is
Authors: Van Rensburg Christo 
Published: November 2018

When a language commission was stopped in its tracks. In the course of the standardisation of Afrikaans, the first two editions of the Afrikaanse woordelijs en spelreëls, published in 1917 and 1918, were heavily inundated with Dutch words. During that time Afrikaans was a well-known spoken language, and since 1860 it was sporadically written as well, without any uniformity, however. In the third edition of the Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls of 1921, the third spelling commission made some telling changes to the first editions, and a good part of the Dutch content was replaced with Afrikaans words, and spelling rules were altered for the spelling of Afrikaans as well. The fourth edition of this publication tried to follow suit, but contrary to expectations, was subjected to some changes by a conference chaired by the minister of education in 1930. This conference requested for the content of this edition to be Dutchified in some important ways, shortly before its publication in 1931. These changes didn’t satisfy the delegates of a second conference, held in 1932. An unheard-of decision was subsequently taken: corrections were published in 1932 to accompany the fourth Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls. This decision wasn’t very effective and resulted in much uncertainty about the spelling of Afrikaans until the publication of the next Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls, of 1937.
Moet wie administratie zegt ook boekhouding in concernverband zeggen?
Authors: Verstoep J. 
Published: November 2018

Moet wie administratie zegt ook boekhouding in concernverband zeggen? Over het bestaan van de groepsadministratieplicht van de holding
In deze bijdrage beantwoordt de auteur de vraag of een holding op grond van artikel 2:10 BW in haar administratie inzicht dient te bieden in de vermogenspositie van haar dochtervennootschappen. De auteur betoogt dat onvoldoende overtuigende argumenten het bestaan van een zogeheten groepsadministratieplicht rechtvaardigen.
Advances in Processing and Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine Coptidis rhizoma (Huanglian): A Review
Authors: Han Lu , Wang Ruizhou , Zhang Xia , Yu Xin , Zhou Li , Song Tao , Deng Xinxin , Zhang Yuying , Zhang Liming , Bai Changcai 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Coptidis rhizoma (CR), also known as “Huanglian” in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in China, and it is an important species used in medicinal and food applications. It has been processed using a variety of methods, and the processed products have been widely used in clinical practice for thousands of years. However, few reports have focused on the systematic review of its processed products and quality control. In this study, a literature search on processing and quality control of CR was performed by using several literature resources including the Flora of China official website; various scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Science Direct, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated; and other web sources such as books and PhD and MS dissertations. Results showed that quality control for different processed products of CR received little or no attention. Its processing still followed ancient methods, and the quality of artifacts in different regions varied. Further attention should be paid to the study of processing technology and quality control with biomarkers. We suggest to establish a quality control mode based on traditional efficacy and with bioactive markers as detection indicators.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Main Active Compounds Among Different Parts of Alpinia officinarum Hance Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography
Authors: Zhang Wan-Xin , Chao In-Cheng , Hu De-jun , Shakerian Farid , Ge Liya , Liang Xiao , Wang Ying , Zhao Jing , Li Shao-Ping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Alpinia officinarum Hance (ginger family) is an important Chinese medicine, especially in Southern China. Objective: A simple and effective high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl bioautography (HPTLC-DPPH) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was developed for the bioactivity-based quality control of A. officinarum. Methods: The HPTLC-DPPH and ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS were applied for the analysis of different parts of A. officinarum after using methanol extraction for 23 batches of taproot, four batches of aerial, and three batches of fibril parts. Results: The systematic evaluation showed that similar components in taproot and aerial parts make the major antioxidant activity. However, based on our evaluation, the antioxidant ability of the aerial parts is lower than the taproot parts. There is also a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) between taproot and fibril parts of the root. The chemical structures of compounds with the antioxidant capacity were tentatively identified as 5R-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone (band 1), kaempferide (band 2), and galangin (band 3) based on ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analytical results and further confirmed by standards. Conclusions: This identification indicated that two flavonoid compounds and one diarylheptanoid compound possessed high potentials to be used as the antioxidant biomarkers for the quality control of A. officinarum. Highlights: The comparison of different parts could be considered as guidelines for the usage of A. officinarum.
Comparative Analysis of Soluble Proteins in Four Medicinal Aloe Species by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS
Authors: Fan Jiao-Jiao , Li Chun-Hong , Hu Guang , Tan Cheng-Ning , Yang Feng-Qing , Chen Hua , Xia Zhi-Ning 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Aloe barbadensis Miller 1768, A. vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger 1908, A. ferox Miller 1768, and A. arborescens Miller 1768 are the most widely cultivated species of Aloe and are used in Asia along with 400 other Aloe species worldwide because of their potent and potential bioactivity. Objective: The objective was to analyze and compare the soluble proteins of four commonly used medicinal Aloe species. Methods: Aloe protein samples were obtained by TCA/acetone-saturated phenol-methanol/ammonium acetate combined extraction (phenol extraction), and then were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins of four Aloe species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight–MS analysis. Results: The phenol extraction method was the most suitable method for the protein extraction of Aloe. Fifty differentially expressed proteins in four Aloe species were successfully identified and divided into eight functional categories. Furthermore, Malate dehydrogenase and ran-binding protein in A. barbadensis, cytoskeletal-related protein tubulin in A. vera var. chinensis and auxin-induced protein PCNT-115 in A. arborescens are closely related to their morphological characteristics. Conclusions: There are differences in the soluble proteins of the four Aloe species. Those proteins, related to the difference of their morphology of Aloe, might be used to identify different species. Highlights: Fifty differentially expressed proteins in four medicinal Aloe species were identified, and these proteins were classified into eight categories according to their biological functions. Four special proteins closely related to the morphological characteristics of Aloe were found and might be used to identify these four Aloe species.
Modified Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Phase Extraction for the Determination of Trace Amounts of Aflatoxins B1 and B2 in Chinese Patent Medicines: The Use of Fupuganmao Granules as a Case Study
Authors: Li Qing , Jiang Luyi , Zhang Huan , Wei Mengmeng , Chu Chu , Yan Jizhong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) have attracted increasing amounts of attention in recent years for their high toxicity. Previously, AF-polluted Chinese Patent Medicines (CPMs) were ignored, but their quality, safety, and efficacy might be influenced by the toxic compounds. Objective: The objective is to develop a simple, low-cost, and efficient method for quantitative analysis of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) in CPMs to ensure their safe use. Methods: A simple, modified, magnetic nanoparticle-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with HPLC-fluorescence detection for the determination of trace amounts of AFB1 and AFB2 was established. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of modified magnetic nanoparticle-based SPE, such as pH of sample solution, adsorbent amount, adsorption time, and desorption condition, were investigated. Results: Under the optimum conditions, AFB1 and AFB2 were linear in the ranges of 0.3–10 and 0.04–3 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9998 and 0.9999, respectively. Their intraday precisions were 1.16 and 2.30% and the interday precisions were 1.28 and 1.87% for AFB1 and AFB2, respectively. The developed SPE was applied for AFB1 and AFB2 extraction in three commercially available Fupuganmao granule samples, and the results were compared with the official immunoaffinity column chromatography method. Conclusions: The method provided a preferable candidate for the determination approach of AF measurement in CPMs. Highlights: Amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were successfully applied to SPE for adsorbing AFB1 and AFB2 in CPMs for the first time.
Have an Ion on It: The Life‐Cycle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Viewed by Helium‐Ion Microscopy
Authors: Said Nedal , Chatzinotas Antonis , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHelium‐ion microscopy (HIM) has so far rarely been employed to image microbial interactions. Here, the visualization of the life‐cycle of the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, respectively, as prey is presented. The predator is brought in contact with prey and samples are taken at selected times. The system is monitored by phase‐contrast microscopy and HIM. For HIM imaging, a sample preparation protocol is established that preserves the structure of Bdellovibrio, prey, and bdelloplasts. The micrographs show the attachment of the predator to its prey, the evolution of bdelloplasts, their lysis, and the release of predator progeny. The combination of HIM with two more approaches allows for investigating predator–prey interactions from different angles: First, phase‐contrast micrographs provide quantitative information for the numbers of predator, prey, and bdelloplasts. Second, a numerical model solving the retarded differential equations that describe the system's time‐evolution is developed and fits the experimentally determined cell numbers. In conclusion, the high resolution, the large depth of focus, and surface sensitivity of HIM hold promise to expand future studies on so far neglected ecological interactions within the microbial food web, in particular in samples with pronounced topography such as bacterial biofilms.
Probing and Controlling Intragrain Crystallinity for Improved Low Temperature–Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Tian , Burgess Claire H. , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Eisner Flurin , Kim Jinhyun , Xu Shengda , Kang Hongkyu , Durrant James R. , McLachlan Martyn A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere, previously unobserved nanoscale defects residing within individual grains of solution‐processed methylammonium lead tri‐iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPI) thin films are identified. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the defects inherently associated with the established solution‐processing methodology are identified, and a facile processing modification to eliminate these defects is introduced. Specifically, defect elimination is achieved by coannealing the as‐deposited MAPI layer with the electron transport layer (phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl, PCBM) resulting in devices that significantly outperform devices prepared using the established methodology—with power conversion efficiencies increasing from 13.6% to 17.4%. The use of transmission electron microscopy allows the correlation of performance enhancements to improved intragrain crystallinity and shows that highly coherent crystallographic orientation results within individual grains when processing is modified. Detailed optoelectronic characterization reveals that the improved intragrain crystallinity drives an improvement of charge collection and a reduction of PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interfacial recombination. The study suggests that the microstructural defects in MAPI, owing to a lack of structural coherence throughout the thickness of thin film, are a significant cause of interfacial recombination.
Versatile Hydrogel Ensembles with Macroscopic Multidimensions
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Wang Cai‐Feng , Weitz David A. , Chen Su 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMethods allowing construction of macroscopic programmed materials in a flexible and efficient fashion are highly desirable. However, the existing approaches are far removed from such materials. A new self‐healing‐driven assembly (SHDA) strategy to fabricate various programmed materials by using uniform gel beads (microsize of 212 µm or millimeter size of 4 mm) as building blocks is described here. In virtue of hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions between gel beads, a series of linear, planar, and 3D beaded assemblies are fabricated via SHDA in microfluidic channels in a continuous and controlled manner. From the perspective of practical applications, the use of gel assemblies is exploited for tissue engineering with controlled cells coculture, as well as light conversion materials toward white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). The SHDA strategy developed in this study gives a new insight into the facile and rapid fabrication of various programmed materials toward biological tissue and optoelectronic device.
Advanced Technologies for High‐Energy Aluminum–Air Batteries
Authors: Ryu Jaechan , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAluminum–air batteries are considered as next‐generation batteries owing to their high energy density with the abundant reserves, low cost, and lightweight of aluminum. However, there are several hurdles to be overcome, such as the sluggish rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the air electrode, precipitation of aluminum hydroxides and oxides at the anode, and severe hydrogen evolution problems at the interface of the anode and the electrolyte. Here, recent advances in silver metal and metal–nitrogen–carbon‐based ORR electrocatalysts, aluminum anodes, electrolytes, and the requirements of future research directions are mainly summarized.
Good agricultural practices, farm performance, and input usage by smallholders: Empirical evidence from Nepal
Authors: Bairagi Subir , Mishra Ashok K. , Giri Anil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines the impact of good agricultural practices (GAP) on the farm income and fertilizer usage of smallholders in Nepal. Using qualitative variables, we first construct a GAP‐index, a measure of the intensity of GAP adoption. The findings show that a GAP‐index constructed through principal component analysis performs better than a GAP‐index constructed with Markowitz’s portfolio method. Results reveal a positive and significant relationship between the GAP‐index and farm income and a negative and significant relationship between the GAP‐index and fertilizer usage. Public and private partnerships that incentivize the adoption of GAP can help increase the income of and reduce fertilizer usage by smallholders.
Recommendations for the assessment and management of measurable residual disease in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A consensus of North American experts
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Jabbour Elias , Albitar Maher , de Lima Marcos , Gore Lia , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Logan Aaron C. , Park Jae , Ravandi Farhad , Shah Bijal , Radich Jerald , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMeasurable residual disease (MRD) that persists after initial therapy is a powerful predictor of relapse and survival in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the optimal use of this information to influence therapeutic decisions is controversial. Herein, we comprehensively review the role of MRD assessment in adults with ALL, including methods to quantify residual leukemia cells during remission, prognostic impact of MRD across ALL subtypes, and available therapeutic approaches to eradicate MRD. This review presents consensus statements and provides an evidence‐based framework for practicing hematologists and oncologists to use MRD information to make rational treatment decisions in adult patients with ALL.