bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect costs of depression and other mental and behavioural disorders for Australia from 2015 to 2030
Authors: Schofield Deborah , Cunich Michelle , Shrestha Rupendra , Tanton Robert , Veerman Lennert , Kelly Simon , Passey Megan 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe impact of mental disorders has been assessed in relation to longevity and quality of life; however, mental disorders also have an impact on productive life-years (PLYs).AimsTo quantify the long-term costs of Australians aged 45–64 having lost PLYs because of mental disorders.MethodThe Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003, 2009 formed the base population of Health&WealthMOD2030 – a microsimulation model integrating output from the Static Incomes Model, the Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model, the Treasury and the Australian Burden of Disease Study.ResultsFor depression, individuals incurred a loss of AU$1062 million in income in 2015, projected to increase to AU$1539 million in 2030 (45% increase). The government is projected to incur costs comprising a 22% increase in social security payments and a 45% increase in lost taxes as a result of depression through its impact on PLYs.ConclusionsEffectiveness of mental health programmes should be judged not only in terms of healthcare use but also quality of life and economic well-being.Declaration of interestNone.
Radiation Records in the National Cancer Database: Variations in Coding and/or Practice Can Significantly Alter Survival Results
Authors: Jacobs Corbin D. , Carpenter David J. , Hong Julian C. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Sosa Julie A. , Chino Junzo P. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE The aim of the current work was to quantify internally inconsistent and anomalous radiation therapy (RT) data in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and determine their association with overall survival (OS) using node-positive uterine cancer as a test clinical scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all NCDB participants with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIC1 to IIIC2 uterine cancer treated with hysterectomy and adjuvant RT between 1998 and 2012. Variables that were reviewed to identify anomalous data included RT site, modality, dose, fractions, timing, duration, and stage. We used χ2 testing to associate anomalous data with reporting facility and demographic variables. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison between cohorts was performed using the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 14,298 analyzed participants, 2,288 (16.0%) had one or more anomalous data entry, 538 (3.8%) likely because of an incomplete RT course. χ2 testing suggested differences in anomalous data prevalence by reporting facility type ( P = .0007), geographic region ( P < .001), distance from participants’ homes ( P < .001), diagnosis year ( P < .001), and location of RT relative to reporting facility ( P = .0038). Five-year OS in those with one or more anomalous data entry was 51.3% versus 58.0% for those without anomalous data ( P < .001), and anomalous data remained significantly associated with OS on multivariable analysis. After excluding insufficient, excessive, or unknown total RT dose, anomalous data were no longer significant on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The overwhelming majority of RT data within the NCDB seem to be appropriate for the clinical scenario. Nevertheless, approximately one eighth of participants in this test clinical scenario had adjuvant RT data that were internally inconsistent or outside generously defined norms. The presence of anomalous RT data was significantly associated with compromised OS, an effect not observed after correcting for total RT dose.
Screening for Human Papillomavirus in a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Atkinson Aaron E. , Mandujano Carlos Alberto Matute , Bejarano Suyapa , Kennedy Linda S. , Tsongalis Gregory J. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Low- and middle-income countries have high incidences of cervical cancer linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), and without resources for cancer screenings these countries bear 85% of all cervical cancer cases. To address some of these needs, brigade-style screening combined with sensitive polymerase chain reaction–based HPV testing to detect common high-risk HPV genotypes may be necessary. METHODS We deployed an inexpensive DNA extraction technique and a real-time polymerase chain reaction–based HPV genotyping assay, as well as Papanicolaou testing, in a factory in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where 1,732 women were screened for cervical cancer. RESULTS We found that 28% of participants were positive for high-risk HPV, with 26% of HPV-positive participants having more than one HPV infection. Moreover, the most common HPV genotypes detected were different than those routinely found in the United States. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates a deployable protocol for HPV screening in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources to perform cytopathology assessment of Pap smears.
Public Awareness and Barriers to Seeking Medical Advice for Colorectal Cancer in the Gaza Strip: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Alfaqawi Maha , Abdalghafoor Tamer , Nemer Ayoob A. , Ghuneim Mohammed , Lubbad Hussien , Almahallawi Batool , Samaan Mosab , Alwali Abdallah , Alborno Ahmad , Al-kafarna Deyaa , Salah Aseel , Shihada Karam , Amona Mohammed Abo , Al-Najjar Amira , Abu Subha Rana , Alhelu Basma , Abujayyab Israa , Albarqouni Loai , Bottcher Bettina 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Raising awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms for early recognition, reduction of modifiable risk factors, and removing barriers to seeking medical help could lower its mortality. This study aimed to assess the level of public awareness of CRC in the Gaza Strip. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at three hospitals and 10 high schools between September and October 2017. The Arabic version of the validated Bowel Cancer Awareness Measure (BoCAM) questionnaire was used to evaluate awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors, and barriers to seeking medical help. Adults (age ≥ 18 years) in three major hospitals and adolescents (ages 15 to 17 years) in 10 schools were recruited for face-to-face interviews to complete the BoCAM. RESULTS Of 3,172 potential participants, 3,080 completed the BoCAM (response rate, 97.1%). Among these, 1,578 (51.2%) were adults and 1,614 (52.4%) were females. Persistent abdominal pain was the most commonly recognized CRC symptom (n = 1,899; 61.7%), whereas anorectal pain was the least common (n = 1,056; 34.3%). In total, 2,177 (70.7%) were not confident in recognizing CRC symptoms or signs. Having a bowel disease was the most frequently recognized CRC risk factor (n = 1,456; 47.3%) and diabetes the least recognized (n = 591; 19.2%). The overall mean scores ± standard deviations for recalling and recognizing CRC symptoms were 1.2 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 2.3, respectively (out of 9 points). The overall mean scores ± standard deviations for recalling and recognizing CRC risk factors were 0.7 ± 0.8 and 8.0 ± 3.1, respectively (out of 16 points). Emotional barriers were the most commonly reported barriers to seeking medical help, with feeling worried about what a doctor might find as the most common barrier (n = 1,522; 49.4%). CONCLUSION Public awareness of CRC is suboptimal in Gaza. Improving CRC awareness with educational interventions is needed, including in local schools.
Insulin Glargine and Acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes
Authors: Li Jing , Ji Jinzhi , Liu Fuyan , Wang Lingling 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of insulin glargine combined with acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes.
Methods: One hundred and forty-four elderly patients with diabetes who received treatment between December 2016 and December 2017 in Binzhou People’s Hospital, China, were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group, 72 each, using random number table. The control group was treated with insulin glargine, while the observation group was treated with insulin glargine combined with acarbose. The therapeutic effect, improvement of quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
Results: After treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb Alc) of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the decrease degree of the observation group was significantly larger than that of the control group (P<0.05). The time needed for blood glucose reaching the standard level and daily insulin dosage of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). SF-36 scale score of the observation group was significantly better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of insulin Glargine and Acarbose can significantly control the blood glucose level of elderly patients with diabetes, improve the biochemical indicators, and enhance the quality of life. It is worth promotion in clinical practice.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.86
How to cite this:Li J, Ji J, Liu F, Wang L. Insulin Glargine and Acarbose in the treatment of elderly patients with diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):609-613. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.86
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Freehand pedicle screw fixation: A safe recipe for dorsal, lumbar and sacral spine
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Afzal Ali , Kalsoom Anisa , Bukhari Syed Sarmad 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine outcome of freehand pedicle screw fixation for dorsal, lumbar and sacral fractures at a tertiary care centre in the developing world.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 150 consecutive patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation from January 1, 2012 to 31st December 2017. A total of 751 pedicle screws were placed. Incidence and extent of cortical breach by misplaced pedicle screw was determined by review of intra-operative and post-operative radiographs and/or computed tomography.
Results: Among the total 751 free hand placed pedicle screws, four screws (0.53%) were repositioned due to a misdirected trajectory towards the disc space. six screws (0.79%) were identified to have cause moderate breach while four screws (0.53%) cause severe breach. There was no occurrence of iatrogenic nerve root damage or violation of the spinal canal.
Conclusion: Free hand pedicle screw placement based on external landmarks showed remarkable safety and accuracy in our center. The authors conclude that assiduous adherence to technique and preoperative planning is vital to success.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.981
How to cite this:Junaid M, Afzal A, Kalsoom A, Bukhari SS. Freehand pedicle screw fixation: A safe recipe for dorsal, lumbar and sacral spine. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):680-684. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.981
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The health, economic, and social effects of cannabis use in Thailand
Authors: Ritmontree Sujitta , Kanato Manop , Leyatikul Poonrut 
Published: May 2019

Background: Controversy surrounds the harm and benefit of cannabis use. Further research on the impact of cannabis might guide the government in developing appropriate policies. This research aims to examine the health, economic, and social effects of cannabis use in Thailand. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 261 cannabis users in Kalasin province, Thailand, we followed 45 cannabis users over 1 year as part of an in-depth study. Quantitative and qualitative data on the health, social, and economic consequences of use were gathered. In-depth interviews, participant observation by researchers during home visits , and self-report instruments were utilized. To supplement the cannabis users’ data, we also collected data from 10 health personnel, 16 community leaders, and 480 laypeople. Results: Our results indicate that cannabis use causes health problems. We determined the disability-adjusted life years of cannabis users and found a total loss of 120.09 years and a mean loss of 0.78 years. The possible economic impacts of cannabis treatment include medical expenses, loss of revenue for both cannabis users and their caregivers, and costs due to law enforcement and possible lawsuits. The economic costs measured during the study period totaled 1,561,460 baht, of which 1,347,950 was attributed to the costs of law enforcement and legal prosecution. However, we found no costs due to accidental losses. Cannabis does appear to not cause community conflict or crime. Despite this, cannabis use remains a social problem, and has been associated with outbreaks of illegal drug use. Conclusions: This study showed that using cannabis can harm users, their family, and society as a whole. This should be essential for policy advocacy.
Derrida – toujours déjà “politique” Écriture – parjure – pardon
Authors: Bernardo Fernanda 
Published: May 2019

Derrida político – como escutar a ressonância deste título?
Este texto nasceu do desafio desta escuta e, através das problemáticas da escrita ou do rastro – uma primeira designação da Desconstrução derridiana nos anos 60‑70 –, do perjúrio e do perdão, tenta apresentar e defender uma espécie de hipótese formal à laia de quase‑tese quanto à incondição política, singularmente política, singularmente já sempre política, ainda que diferentemente política, do pensamento de Jacques Derrida, assim como do pensamento, da incondicionalidade do pensamento segundo J. Derrida na singularidade da sua diferença com a filosofia: a saber, a hipótese do muito singular apolitismo híper‑ ou ultra‑político de princípio do seu pensamento, da impossibilidade e da incondicionalidade que ditam e magnetizam a indesconstructibilidade do seu pensamento e através da qual ele repensa e apela ao repensar e ao reelaborar do «obscuro» conceito, do «muito obscuro» filosofema metafísico do político (polis).
Uma hipótese que tanto visa combater as críticas, infundadas e muitas vezes intelectualmente incompetentes e desonestas, de que não haveria uma preocupação política, nem um alcance político nem uma filosofia política na Desconstrução – e, de facto, não há nela uma filosofia política, mas há, isso sim, um pensamento do político que, em si mesmo, é já hiperpolítico e que, no alheamento de todo e qualquer militantismo, pensa agindo/fazendo – como (visa combater) a ideia da existência de uma «political turn» e de uma «ethical turn» na Desconstrução derridiana: trata‑se de mostrar que, no seu bem singular apolitismo ou trans‑politismo de princípio (e apolitismo apenas relativamente ao conceito metafísico de político!), a incondicionalidade escatológico‑messiânica que inspira e locomove a Desconstrução derridiana do fono‑logo‑centrismo nos anos 60‑70 contra o Linguistic Turn, não só tinha fortes implicações políticas mas tinha, em si mesma, uma tonalidade já «política». Um alcance já hiperpolítico! Como amplamente o testemunha o liame nela existente entre a escrita e o perjúrio e os motivos do dom e do perdão – dois dos incondicionais ou dos impossíveis da Desconstrução derridiana que, com este fim, muito sucintamente aproximamos aqui.
A propósito de Métaphysique du Sentiment: entrevista com Renaud Barbaras
Authors: Beato José Manuel 
Published: May 2019

Em Outubro de 2017Renaud Barbaras visitou a Universidade de Coimbra para pronucniar no Departamento de Filosofia, Comunicação e Informação duas sessões de seminário em redor do seu pensamento. Aqueles que tiveram a felicidade de participar neste evento inesquecível sabem bem da profundidade filosófica das lições do famoso filósofo, uma profundidade que soube ainda motivar um conjunto interessante de diálogos que se prolonga. Aqui apresenta‑se uma entrevista com Renaud Barbaras que se iniciou com um desses diálogos.
Analgesia For Dressing Changes In Burns: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Wardhana Aditya , Sugiarto Adhrie 
Published: May 2019

Background: Intense and prolonged pain often caused by burn injuries. The greatest pain is mostly experienced during dressing changes to maintain healing and banish the infection. This review is conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of different analgesia agents or methods for dressing changes in burn patients.
Method: Searches of studies conducted from 4 electronic databases, using keywords “Analgesia”, “Dressing”, “Bandages”, “Changes” and “Burns”. We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials assessing and comparing the effects of different analgesia agents, analgesia methods for dressing changes in burns patients. We excluded trials reporting only pharmacokinetic and physiological outcomes, comparing drug dosages, with exception for those using different drugs in the same class.
Result: Multiple databases search retrieved 144 studies. 17 trials are eligible involving 700 patients. Analgesia using pharmacological agents in 7 trials; 5 trials elaborating primary treatments and 2 trials as the adjunct treatment complementing the major analgesia. Two primary analgesia treatments were studying the role of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), while 3 trials using caregiver delivered. Ten trials were observing the role of non-pharmacological analgesia.
Conclusion: There was inadequate evidence from comparisons tested in randomized trials to confirm the dependent effectiveness of various techniques of analgesia, individual methods, or to assess the administration of different drug adjuncts for providing analgesia during dressing changes. Given the unresolved questions about the management of these conditions, we suggest that preference should be focused on the large scale, optionally, multi-center randomized observations of the primary methods.
Numéro 36 - novembre 2005
Authors: Cassiers Isabelle 
Published: May 2019

Les résistances au projet de contrat de solidarité entre générations révèlent un malaise. Ce malaise semble toucher des questions bien plus vastes que celle des prépensions : n’est-ce pas l’évolution globale des relations entre le citoyen, l’État et l’économie qui inquiète une large fraction de la population ? Cette évolution comporte en effet un basculement : on quitte une logique d’État providence, on consolide celle d’un État social actif. Quels sont les causes et les enjeux de telles transformations ? Une prise de recul est salutaire.
L’État providence, institué après la deuxième guerre mondiale, reposait sur un accord de solidarité sociale, sur un compromis entre travail et capital. Ce compromis, qui portait sur la gestion de la croissance économique et sur le partage de ses fruits, actait la primauté du politique sur l’économique. La concertation sociale, la sécurité sociale, l’extension des biens collectifs et les politiques économiques de soutien de la demande ont contribué, pendant vingt-cinq ans, à nourrir et à stabiliser une croissance vigoureuse et à étendre les mécanismes de solidarité sociale.
La crise économique des années 1970 a mis les États-providence sous pression. Les redressements des années 1980 ont été opérés dans un contexte politique et doctrinal en nette rupture par rapport aux compromis sociaux antérieurs et ont conduit à des mutations dans les règles du jeu économique. Depuis les années 1990, la globalisation financière semble devenir la composante dominante d’un nouveau mode de régulation et restreindre le champ d’intervention des pouvoirs publics. Si la notion d’État social actif – inspirée de la troisième voie de Tony Blair - sous-tend les réorientations récentes de la politique sociale belge et européenne, il y a lieu de se demander en quel endroit l’État est actif et quels sont les points où il a renoncé à l’être. En considérant la globalisation financière comme une donnée, en acceptant comme inéluctable ou souhaitable la passivité dans certains registres de la politique économique, en concevant l’activation de la politique sociale comme une mise en conformité des personnes vis-à-vis des exigences du marché, l’État social actif ne contribue-t-il pas à consacrer la primauté de l’économique sur le politique ?
Numéro 63 - novembre 2008
Authors: Scourneau Vincent , Weiserbs Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous montrons que les différences de prix observées entre 215 vins de Bordeaux cotés dans un guide réputé dépendent davantage de l'appellation, de la réputation du producteur, du classement de 1855 que des différences en qualité ou en rareté. Même en tenant compte de tous ces effets, certains vins sont offerts sur le marché, du moins temporairement, à des prix anormalement élevés ou très agréablement bon marché.
Numéro 66 - février 2009
Authors: Bréchet Thierry , Gérard Alexis , Mion Giordano 
Published: May 2019

La gestion du bruit autour de l'aéroport est un vrai problème politique depuis plusieurs années. C'est aussi un vrai problème économique. En 2005, le Service de Médiation pour l’Aéroport de Bruxelles-National, a enregistré 223.000 plaintes. Les autorités en charge de cette question ont eu beaucoup de difficulté à gérer ces conflits et peinent à trouver des solutions efficaces. D'un autre côté, l’aéroport a clôturé l’année 2005 sur un bénéfice de 160 millions d’euros avec un chiffre d’affaires de 324 millions d’euros. L'aéroport fournit de l'emploi à quelque 20.000 personnes.
Pour contribuer au débat, nous avons réalisé une étude permettant d'évaluer de manière objective l'ampleur de la nuisance sonore telle qu’elle est perçue par les riverains. Le principe de cette méthode consiste à quantifier la valeur attachée à la nuisance sonore par l’observation du comportement des ménages lors de l'achat des maisons. On suppose que les individus vont consentir à l’achat d’une maison soumise à la nuisance à condition que son prix soit plus faible qu’une maison comparable en tous points (superficie, nombre de pièces, proximité à des facilités, etc.), mais située dans une zone sans nuisance. En observant les prix des transactions immobilières, on peut donc attribuer une valeur monétaire à la nuisance telle qu'elle est perçue par les individus. En cela, cette méthode fournit une évaluation objective de la nuisance subjective.
Nous répondons ainsi à trois questions. Le coût de cette nuisance sonore pour les riverains de l’aéroport est-il si important que cela ? Comment ce coût est-il réparti entre les différentes zones de bruit ? Que représente le coût des nuisances par rapport aux bénéfices que l’aéroport apporte à la collectivité ? Les réponses sont les suivantes :

L'ampleur de la nuisance s'avère faible. Chaque décibel supplémentaire se traduit en moyenne par une réduction de 0,9 % du prix des maisons. Sur base de ce résultat, on évalue que le dommage social total associé au bruit s'élevait à 10 millions d'euros en 2005.
Le coût des nuisances sonores pour les riverains de l’aéroport semble donc beaucoup plus faible que les avantages que l’aéroport procure à la collectivité.
Le coût des nuisances sonores est cependant très inégalement reparti entre les individus: la zone 70-75 dB(A), la plus bruyante, engendre un coût trois fois supérieur à celui de la zone 60-65 dB(A), et six fois supérieure à celle de la zone 55-60 dB(A), la moins bruyante. Le paradoxe est que, compte tenu du nombre de personnes exposées, la zone la plus bruyante ne représente que 0,4 % du dommage global tandis que la zone la moins exposée représente 72 % de ce dommage.