bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Power of Large‐Scale Farmers and Land Inequality: Some Evidence from Poland
Authors: Fałkowski Jan , Bukowska Grażyna , Wójcik Piotr 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGiven current political concerns with inequality and the sustainable management of natural resources, the issue of the distribution of productive assets in rural areas has become an increasingly important focus of research. Referring to both ample historical evidence and qualitative research, rural sociologists have long postulated that the distribution of economic resources is strongly influenced by the distribution of political power. In this article we support this claim with quantitative analysis. Our focus is on the relationship between land inequality and the attainment of political power by large‐scale farmers in rural Poland. Our findings suggest a strong statistical association between the current level of land inequality and the fact that mayors operate relatively large land holdings themselves. Our results are qualitatively the same no matter whether we measure land inequality as the share of land used by the largest landholders or the land Gini index. They also hold in several robustness checks.
High prevalence of self‐reported tuberculosis and associated factors in a nation‐wide census among prison inmates in Peru
Authors: Salazar‐De La Cuba Ana L. , Ardiles‐Paredes Diana F. , Araujo‐Castillo Roger V. , Maguiña Jorge L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of self‐reported tuberculosis TB diagnosed at Peruvian correctional facilities (CFs), and their associated factors.MethodsCross‐sectional study based on secondary analysis of the National Census held in all Peruvian CFs in 2016. Outcome was defined as self‐reported TB diagnosed by a healthcare professional intra‐penitentiary. A descriptive bivariate analysis was carried out, followed by multivariate analysis using Poisson regression in order to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa). Additionally, a mixed effects multilevel model adjusted by CFs as clusters was performed.ResultsOf 77 086 prison inmates in 66 CFs participated in the original census, of which 69 890 were included. Of these, 1754 self‐reported TB diagnosed intra‐penitentiary, yielding a prevalence of 2510/100 000 PDL. In the final model, self‐reported TB was associated with younger age, male gender, lower educational level, not having a stable partner, having prison readmissions and having relatives in prison. There was also strong association with HIV/AIDS (PRa 2.77; 1.84–4.18), STIs (PRa 2.13; 1.46–3.10), DM (PRa 1.99; 1.59–2.50) and recreational drugs use (PRa 1.41; 1.23–1.61). The mixed model showed significant variance for belonging to different CFs (2.13; 1.02–4.44) and CF overcrowding (3.25; 1.37–7.71).ConclusionsSelf‐reported TB prevalence found was higher than reported by other lower/lower‐middle income countries. Demographic factors, individual clinical features and overcrowding increases the likelihood of self‐reported TB.
The volatility effect of diaspora's location
Authors: Rougier Éric , Yol Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRemittances can transmit volatility from host to home countries for some common patterns of diaspora's geographical distribution. In a migration portfolio model, the overall risk of volatility of any set of diaspora location is decomposed into a contagion and a concentration risks: a diaspora located in more volatile destinations induces a higher contagion risk, while a diaspora located in few destination countries increases the concentration risk. A series of estimations on a large panel of developing countries over 1995–2015 provide evidence for these two risks. Estimation of a structural model confirms that the geography of diaspora has an indirect impact on the origin country's aggregate instability through remittances.
Insomnia is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the clinical setting
Authors: LeBlanc Erin S , Smith Ning X , Nichols Gregory A , Allison Michael J , Clarke Gregory N 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the possible association between insomnia and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the naturalistic clinical setting.Research design and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the risk of developing T2DM among patients with pre-diabetes with and without insomnia. Participants with pre-diabetes (identified by a physician or via two laboratory tests) between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015 and without sleep apnea were followed until December 31, 2016. Patients were determined to have T2DM when two of the following occurred within a 2-year window: physician-entered outpatient T2DM diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9 250.00; ICD-10 E11), dispensing of an antihyperglycemia agent, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) >6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >125 mg/dL. One hospital inpatient stay with an associated T2DM diagnosis was also sufficient for classification of T2DM.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 81 233 persons with pre-diabetes, 24 146 (29.7%) of whom had insomnia at some point during the 4.3-year average observation period. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, those with insomnia were 28% more likely to develop T2DM than those without insomnia (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.33). The estimate was essentially unchanged after adjusting for baseline A1c level (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.40) or FPG (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.33).ConclusionsInsomnia imparts an increased risk of T2DM comparable with that conferred by traditional risk factors (eg, overweight, non-white race, cardiovascular risk factors). This association could have clinical importance because it suggests a new potentially modifiable risk factor that could be targeted to prevent diabetes.﻿﻿
Persisting new nodules in incidence rounds of the NELSON CT lung cancer screening study
Authors: Walter Joan E , Heuvelmans Marjolein A , ten Haaf Kevin , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , van der Aalst Carlijn M , Yousaf-Khan Uraujh , van Ooijen Peter M A , Nackaerts Kristiaan , Groen Harry J M , De Bock Geertruida H , de Koning Harry J , Oudkerk Matthijs 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe US guidelines recommend low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening for high-risk individuals. New solid nodules after baseline screening are common and have a high lung cancer probability. Currently, no evidence exists concerning the risk stratification of non-resolving new solid nodules at first LDCT screening after initial detection.MethodsIn the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening (NELSON) trial, 7295 participants underwent the second and 6922 participants the third screening round. We included participants with solid nodules that were registered as new or <15 mm³ (study detection limit) at previous screens and received additional screening after initial detection, thereby excluding high-risk nodules according to the NELSON management protocol (nodules ≥500 mm3).ResultsOverall, 680 participants with 1020 low-risk and intermediate-risk new solid nodules were included. A total of 562 (55%) new solid nodules were resolving, leaving 356 (52%) participants with a non-resolving new solid nodule, of whom 25 (7%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. At first screening after initial detection, volume doubling time (VDT), volume, and VDT combined with a predefined ≥200 mm3 volume cut-off had high discrimination for lung cancer (VDT, area under the curve (AUC): 0.913; volume, AUC: 0.875; VDT and ≥200 mm3 combination, AUC: 0.939). Classifying a new solid nodule with either ≤590 days VDT or ≥200 mm3 volume positive provided 100% sensitivity, 84% specificity and 27% positive predictive value for lung cancer.ConclusionsMore than half of new low-risk and intermediate-risk solid nodules in LDCT lung cancer screening resolve. At follow-up, growth assessment potentially combined with a volume limit can be used for risk stratification.Trial registration numberISRCTN63545820; pre-results.
Investigation of porosity in rotating laser-MIG hybrid welding A6N01 aluminum alloy
Authors: Yin Yanjie , Chen Hui , Yang Xiaoyi , He Shuang 
Published: December 2018

In this study, rotating laser was employed to reduce the porosity defect in laser-MIG hybrid welding A6N01 aluminum alloy. The influence of laser rotating frequency and rotating radius on the weld were researched respectively. The images of the molten pool were acquired by the high-speed camera, and X-ray images of the weld were calculated by binarization. The result shows that rotating laser-MIG hybrid welding has a dramatic effect on suppressing the generation of porosity, which indicates the possibility to obtain the A6N01 aluminum alloy weld with few pores. With proper parameters about rotation frequency (50 Hz) and rotation radius (2 mm), the porosity decreased obviously from 8.41% to 5.68%, and there was hardly distinct change in the weld penetration. The keyhole stability of rotating laser-MIG hybrid welding was improved, compared with the conventional laser-MIG hybrid welding. On account of laser beam stirring the metal molten pool, it was beneficial for the pores to escape from the molten pool. The rotating laser-MIG hybrid welding shows a good prospect.
Butterfly
Authors: Han Jinsong , Qian Chen , Yang Yuqin , Wang Ge , Ding Han , Li Xin , Ren Kui 
Published: December 2018

RFID tag authentication is challenging because most commodity tags cannot run cryptographic algorithms. Prior research demonstrates that physical layer information based authentication is a promising solution, which uses special features from the physical backscatter signals from tags as their fingerprints. However, our recent studies show that existing physical-layer authentication may fail if feature collection and authentication are conducted in different locations, due to location-dependent noises, environmental factors, or reader hardware differences.
This paper presents a new physical layer authentication scheme, called Butterfly, which is resilient to environment and location changes. Butterfly utilizes a pair of adjacent tags as an identifier of each object. By using the difference between the RF signals of the two tags as their fingerprint, the environmental factors can be effectively canceled. Butterfly is fully compatible with commodity RFID systems and standards. We set up a prototype Butterfly using commodity readers, tags, and RF devices. Extensive experiments show that Butterfly achieves high authentication accuracy for substantially different environments and device changes.
A Large-Cohort, Longitudinal Study Determines Precancer Disease Routes across Different Cancer Types
Authors: Hu Jessica X. , Helleberg Marie , Jensen Anders B. , Brunak Søren , Lundgren Jens 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Although many diseases are associated with cancer, the full spectrum of temporal disease correlations across cancer types has not yet been characterized. A population-wide study of longitudinal disease trajectories is needed to interrogate the general medical histories of patients with cancer. Here we performed a retrospective study covering a 20-year period, using 6.9 million patients from the Danish National Patient Registry linked to 0.7 million patients with cancer from the Danish Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis identified all significant disease associations occurring prior to cancer diagnoses. These associations were used to build frequently occurring, longitudinal disease trajectories. Across 17 cancer types, a total of 648 significant diagnoses correlated directly with a cancer, while 168 diagnosis trajectories of time-ordered steps were identified for seven cancer types. The most common diseases across cancer types involved cardiovascular, obesity, and genitourinary diseases. A comprehensive, publicly available web tool of interactive illustrations for all cancer disease associations is provided. By exploring the precancer landscape using this large dataset, we identify disease associations that can be used to derive mechanistic hypotheses for future cancer research.

Significance:
This study offers an innovative approach to examine prediagnostic disease and cancer development in a large national population-based setting and provides a publicly available tool to foster additional cancer surveillance research.
Disruption of the Rbm38-eIF4E Complex with a Synthetic Peptide Pep8 Increases p53 Expression
Authors: Lucchesi Christopher A. , Zhang Jin , Ma Buyong , Chen Mingyi , Chen Xinbin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rbm38 is a p53 target and an RNA-binding protein known to suppress p53 translation by preventing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) from binding to p53 mRNA. In this study, we show that synthetic peptides corresponding to the binding interface between Rbm38 and eIF4E, including an 8 amino acid peptide (Pep8) derived from Rbm38, are effective in relieving Rbm38-mediated repression of p53. Molecular simulations showed that Ser-6 in Pep8 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp-202 in eIF4E. Substitution of Ser-6 with Lys, but not with Asp, enhanced the ability of Pep8 to inhibit the Rbm38-eIF4E complex. Importantly, Pep8 alone or together with a low dose of doxorubicin potently induced p53 expression and suppressed colony and tumor sphere formation and xenograft tumors in Rbm38- and p53-dependent manners. Together, we conclude that modulating the Rbm38-eIF4E complex may be explored as a therapeutic strategy for cancers that carry wild-type p53.

Significance:
Disruption of the Rbm38-eIF4E complex via synthetic peptides induces wild-type p53 expression, suppresses tumor growth and progression, and may serve as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
PAM50 Molecular Intrinsic Subtypes in the Nurses' Health Study Cohorts
Authors: Kensler Kevin H. , Sankar Venkat N. , Wang Jun , Zhang Xuehong , Rubadue Christopher A. , Baker Gabrielle M. , Parker Joel S. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Stancu Andreea L. , Pyle Michael E. , Collins Laura C. , Hunter David J. , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Heng Yujing J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Modified median and subgroup-specific gene centering are two essential preprocessing methods to assign breast cancer molecular subtypes by PAM50. We evaluated the PAM50 subtypes derived from both methods in a subset of Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII participants; correlated tumor subtypes by PAM50 with IHC surrogates; and characterized the PAM50 subtype distribution, proliferation scores, and risk of relapse with proliferation and tumor size weighted (ROR-PT) scores in the NHS/NHSII.

Methods:
PAM50 subtypes, proliferation scores, and ROR-PT scores were calculated for 882 invasive breast tumors and 695 histologically normal tumor-adjacent tissues. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the relationship between PAM50 subtypes or ROR-PT scores/groups with recurrence-free survival (RFS) or distant RFS.

Results:
PAM50 subtypes were highly comparable between the two methods. The agreement between tumor subtypes by PAM50 and IHC surrogates improved to fair when Luminal subtypes were grouped together. Using the modified median method, our study consisted of 46% Luminal A, 18% Luminal B, 14% HER2-enriched, 15% Basal-like, and 8% Normal-like subtypes; 53% of tumor-adjacent tissues were Normal-like. Women with the Basal-like subtype had a higher rate of relapse within 5 years. HER2-enriched subtypes had poorer outcomes prior to 1999.

Conclusions:
Either preprocessing method may be utilized to derive PAM50 subtypes for future studies. The majority of NHS/NHSII tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues were classified as Luminal A and Normal-like, respectively.

Impact:
Preprocessing methods are important for the accurate assignment of PAM50 subtypes. These data provide evidence that either preprocessing method can be used in epidemiologic studies.
AR-Variant–Positive CTC: A Surrogate for a Surrogate for Taxane Therapy Outcome?
Authors: Dehm Scott M. , Montgomery Bruce , Plymate Stephen R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Circulating tumor cells' (CTC) biomarkers may become indicators for selection of therapy. The presence of androgen receptor (AR)-variant–positive CTCs may be markers indicating the need for switching therapy. Methods for AR-variant mRNA isolation from CTCs and confirmation of expression are critical factors needed for these techniques to be clinically applicable.
See related article by Tagawa et al., p. 1880
Whether Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Asymptomatic Patients With Moderate or Severe Regurgitation After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair Is Appropriate: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: He Fengpu , Feng Zicong , Chen Qiuming , Jiao Yiping , Hua Zhongdong , Zhang Hao , Yang Keming , Pang Kunjing , Lu Minjie , Ma Kai , Zhang Sen , Qi Lei , Wang Guanxi , Li Shoujun 
Published: December 2018

Background

Although right ventricular (
RV
) volume was significantly decreased in symptomatic patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (
rTOF
) after pulmonary valve replacement (
PVR
),
RV
size was still enlarged along with
RV
dysfunction.

Methods and Results

A prospective case‐control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital; 81 asymptomatic repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients with moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation were enrolled. The enrolled cohort was divided into 2 groups:
PVR
group (n=41) and medication group (n=40). Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic echocardiography, and electrocardiography were scheduled after recruitment and 6 months after
PVR
or recruitment. Adverse events were recorded during follow‐up. Three deaths, 1 heart transplantation, 3
PVR
s, and 2 symptomatic heart failures in medication group and 1 redo
PVR
in the
PVR
group were observed during follow‐up. Compared with the medication group, the
PVR
group had significantly lower adverse events rate (
P
=0.023; odds ratio, 0.086; 95% CI, 0.010–0.716), and
RV
function was significantly improved (
P
<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified preoperative
RV
end‐systolic volume index (10‐mL/m
2
increment,
P
=0.009; odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.457–0.893) was an independent predictor of normalization of
RV
size after
PVR
. A preoperative RV end‐systolic volume index cut‐off value of 120 mL/m
2
(area under curve, 0.819; sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 70%) was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves for normalized
RV
size after
PVR
.

Conclusions

PVR
in asymptomatic repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients is appropriate and effective in reducing right ventricular size and preserving right ventricular function. The recommended criterion of
RV
end‐systolic volume index for
PVR
is 120 mL/m
2
.
Measuring Area-Averaged Vertical Motions with Dropsondes
Authors: Bony Sandrine , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Measurements of vertical profiles of areal-mean mass divergence, vorticity, and vertical velocity, based on dropsondes distributed over an area of 25 000 km2, are presented. The dropsondes were released with high frequency along circular flight patterns during an airborne field campaign taking place over the tropical Atlantic near Barbados. Vertical profiles of the area-averaged mass divergence and vorticity were computed from the horizontal wind profiles, and the area-averaged vertical velocity was then inferred from the divergence. The consistency of measurements over pairs of circles flown within the same air mass demonstrated the reproducibility of the measurements, and showed that they characterize the environmental conditions on the scale of the measurement, rather than being dominated by measurement error or small-scale wind variability. The estimates from dropsondes were found to be consistent with the observed cloud field, with Lagrangian estimates of the mean vertical velocity inferred from the free-tropospheric humidity field, and with the mean vertical velocity derived from simulations using an atmospheric model representing kilometer-scale motions and initialized with meteorological analyses. In trade wind–like conditions, the divergence and vorticity profiles exhibit a rich vertical structure and a significant variability in space and time. Yet a few features appear to be robust, such as the presence of layers of mass convergence at the top of moist layers, extrema of the area-averaged vertical velocity at the top of the subcloud layer and in the midtroposphere, and minima around the trade inversion near 2 km. The analysis of spatial and temporal autocorrelation scales suggests that the divergent mass field measured from dropsondes is representative of the environment of shallow clouds.
The Role of Buoy and Argo Observations in Two SST Analyses in the Global and Tropical Pacific Oceans
Authors: Huang Boyin , Liu Chunying , Ren Guoyu , Zhang Huai-Min , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The relative roles of buoy and Argo observations in two sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are studied in the global ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean over 2000–16 using monthly Extended Reconstructed SST version 5 (ERSSTv5) and Daily Optimum Interpolation SST version 2 (DOISST). Experiments show an overall higher impact by buoys than Argo floats over the global oceans and an increasing impact by Argo floats. The impact by Argo floats is generally larger in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. The impact on trends and anomalies of globally averaged SST by either one is small when the other is used. The warming trend over 2000–16 remains significant by including either buoys or Argo floats or both. In the tropical Pacific, the impact by buoys was large over 2000–05 when the number of Argo floats was low, and became smaller over 2010–16 when the number and area coverage of Argo floats increased. The magnitude of El Niño and La Niña events decreases when the observations from buoys, Argo floats, or both are excluded. The impact by the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) and Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) is small in normal years and during El Niño events. The impact by TAO/TRITON buoys on La Niña events is small when Argo floats are included in the analysis systems, and large when Argo floats are not included. The reason for the different impact on El Niño and La Niña events is that the drifting buoys are more dispersed from the equatorial Pacific region by stronger trade winds during La Niña events.