bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General surgical patients’ experience of hospital discharge education: A qualitative study
Authors: Kang Evelyn , Gillespie Brigid M. , Tobiano Georgia , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore adult general surgical patients’ perceptions of, and satisfaction with, discharge education provided by healthcare providers.BackgroundDischarge education is essential for general surgical patients as it equips them with the required knowledge and skills to engage in their care after discharge. Insufficient knowledge to self‐manage or assess their symptoms can result in postdischarge complications, unplanned hospital readmission and overall dissatisfaction with the hospital experience.DesignA constructivist‐interpretivist paradigm using qualitative interviews.MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted with 13 patients between August 2018 and November 2018 and analysed using inductive content analysis. COREQ guidelines were adopted for the conduct and reporting of the study.ResultsFour themes were uncovered: (a) The quality of discharge information influences patients’ postdischarge experience; (b) The negative impact of contextual influences on delivery of discharge education; (c) Patients actively participating in their surgical journey; (d) Patients’ preferences with the delivery of discharge education.ConclusionInadequate discharge education leads to patients’ inability to self‐manage their recovery process. Information sharing with patients fosters shared understanding towards goals and expectations.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding patients’ view may inform the design of patient‐centred discharge education interventions for patients to self‐manage their recovery postdischarge.
Examining the National Core Indicators' Potential to Monitor Rights of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities According to the CRPD
Authors: Houseworth James , Stancliffe Roger J. , Tichá Renáta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) aims to change attitudes and policies toward individuals with disabilities worldwide and to foster the inclusion and independence of persons with disabilities in society. The current study was designed to assess empirically the extent to which people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) exercise certain rights in the United States using the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey (NCI‐ACS), particularly to see if items could be scaled to measure certain CRPD articles reliably. An additional aim was to assess the impact of guardianship on the rights of individuals with IDD. NCI‐ACS data were analyzed employing factor analysis, multiple analysis of variance, and regression modeling. These approaches allowed us to assess the relationship between guardianship and rights controlling for known covariates (such as level of ID) on outcomes. Results indicate that the NCI‐ACS contains several items with sound psychometric properties that can assist in measuring certain rights of people with disabilities according to CRPD. Specifically, employment and budgetary agency appear to be areas of rights outlined by the CRPD that the NCI‐ACS can help measure. Finally, the results indicated that people who have an appointed legal guardian are less likely to be employed and to have less social privacy. This study indicates the NCI‐ACS has the potential to measure access to CRPD rights, such as employment and budgetary agency, by people with IDD. More work is needed to evaluate additional promising measures of a wider range of CRPD articles. Alternatives to guardianship need to be examined in order to increase the opportunities for people with IDD to exercise their rights.
A Southern Ocean archipelago enhances feeding opportunities for a krill predator
Authors: Harrison Lisa‐Marie K. , Goetz Kimberly , Cox Martin J. , Harcourt Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProductivity in the oceans is heightened around oceanographic and bathymetric features such as fronts and islands. This can have a flow‐on effect, providing increased food availability for higher trophic level species. Using data from a 5‐day combined visual and acoustic survey, we examined the hypothesis that higher Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) density provides a lucrative resource for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) at a remote Antarctic feeding area, the Balleny Islands (67oS, 164°E). We assessed whale presence at the feeding area in relation to prey (krill), productivity and environmental variables using density surface modeling. We found stark differences between krill swarms near the islands and those in adjacent open water. Swarms were twice as dense and three times more numerous near the Balleny Islands compared to an open water pelagic environment, suggesting that the islands offered a profitable feeding opportunity. At the feeding area, whales were found in deeper and more productive waters with medium krill densities. These relationships, along with the high krill availability around the islands, may be the result of the Island Mass Effect.
Effects of mechanobiological signaling in bone marrow on skeletal health
Authors: Curtis Kimberly J. , Oberman Alyssa G. , Niebur Glen L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBone marrow is a cellular tissue that forms within the pore space and hollow diaphysis of bones. As a tissue, its primary function is to support the hematopoietic progenitor cells that maintain the populations of both erythroid and myeloid lineage cells in the bone marrow, making it an essential element of normal mammalian physiology. However, bone's primary function is load bearing, and deformations induced by external forces are transmitted to the encapsulated marrow. Understanding the effects of these mechanical inputs on marrow function and adaptation requires knowledge of the material behavior of the marrow at multiple scales, the loads that are applied, and the mechanobiology of the cells. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of each of these factors. Characterization of the marrow mechanical environment and its role in skeletal health and other marrow functions remains incomplete, but research on the topic is increasing, driven by interest in skeletal adaptation and the mechanobiology of cancer metastasis.
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait locus for the leaf morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line population by ultra‐high–density maps across multi‐environments of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Zhang Kuangye , Lv Xiangling , Li Fenghai , Wang Jia , Yu Hongwei , Li Jianbo , Du Wanli , Diao Yulin , Wang Jiaxu , Weng Jianfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLeaf is the main organ of photosynthetic reaction of plants. Studying the genetic mechanism that affects the leaf shape is very important for the improvement of maize production. In this study, a RIL population, derived from a cross between Ye478 and Qi319, was planted in four different environments, and six leaf morphological traits were measured, including the leaf angle of first leaf above ear, the leaf angle of first leaf below ear, leaf orientation value, leaf area of first leaf above ear, leaf area of ear and leaf area of first leaf below ear. By combining with a genetic map containing 4,602 bin markers, 39 QTLs associated with leaf morphological traits were identified. Among them, four QTLs explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variance, and the QTL qLOV8‐2 which controlled LOV not only had a phenotypic contribution rate of 13.86% but also was detected in four environments, which could be considered as a stable major QTL. These results provide useful information for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling maize leaf morphological traits.
A new resistance gene to PepYMV (Pepper yellow mosaic virus) in Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Rezende Jéssica Figueiredo , Leite Monik Evelin , Nogueira Douglas Willian , Nogueira Danilo Gustavo , Silva Alex Antonio da , Maluf Wilson Roberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPvr4 locus, commonly associated with a co‐dominant CAPS marker, confers monogenic dominant resistance to potyvirus complex in Capsicum spp. Aiming to investigate whether the resistance found in resistant genotypes not bearing Pvr4 marker is due to allelism in the Pvr4 locus, or due to a new locus of the pvr series, segregation analyses of an F2 population obtained from a cross between two pepper lines “Myr‐29‐10” (P1) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 444 bp, Pvr4/Pvr4) and “PIM‐025” (P2) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 458 bp, Pvr4+/Pvr4+) were performed. According to the results, there is strong evidence that the locus controlling PepYMV resistance in PIM‐025 (P2) is not Pvr4. These results provide evidence that those resistant genotypes, bearing a susceptible band pattern in the Pvr4 locus (458 bp, Pvr4+/Pvr4+), carry a different gene from those described in the literature up to the present time.
Ancient wheat varieties have a higher ability to interact with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Valente Jordan , Gerin Florence , Le Gouis Jacques , Moënne‐Loccoz Yvan , Prigent–Combaret Claire 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlant interactions with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly dependent on plant genotype. Modern plant breeding has largely sought to improve crop performance but with little focus on the optimization of plant × PGPR interactions. The interactions of the model PGPR strain Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 were therefore compared in 199 ancient and modern wheat genotypes. A reporter system, in which F113 colonization and expression of 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic genes (phl) were measured on roots was used to quantify F113 × wheat interactions under gnotobiotic conditions. Thereafter, eight wheat accessions that differed in their ability to interact with F113 were inoculated with F113 and grown in greenhouse in the absence or presence of stress. F113 colonization was linked to improved stress tolerance. Moreover, F113 colonization and phl expression were higher overall on ancient genotypes than modern genotypes. F113 colonization improved wheat performance in the four genotypes that showed the highest level of phl expression compared with the four genotypes in which phl expression was lowest. Taken together, these data suggest that recent wheat breeding strategies have had a negative impact on the ability of the plants to interact with PGPR.
A Davey–Stewartson description of two‐dimensional solitons in nonlocal media
Authors: Ioannou‐Sougleridis Ioannis , Frantzeskakis Dimitrios J. , Horikis Theodoros P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNovel soliton solutions of a two‐dimensional (2D) nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system are revealed by asymptotically reducing the system to a completely integrable Davey–Stewartson (DS) set of equations. In so doing, the reductive perturbation method in addition to a multiple scales scheme are utilized to derive both the DS‐I and DS‐II systems, depending on the strength of the nonlocality, which in turn, may be regarded here as a measure of the surface tension. As such, two different soliton solutions are obtained: the breather and dromion solutions in the case of DS‐I (weak nonlocality), as well as lump solutions in the case of DS‐II (strong nonlocality). Besides their immediate mathematical importance, our results find a wide range of applications due the high applicability of the relative nonlocal NLS (optics, plasmas, liquid crystals, and thermal media in the strong nonlocality regime, etc.) and hence these structures can also be realized experimentally in various physical setting.
Power at a distance: Organizational power across boundaries
Authors: Bartley Tim , Soener Matthew , Gershenson Carl 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganizational approaches can help to make sense of social phenomena, including inequality, politics, and culture. This is partly because large organizations exercise great power, both over employees and in their external environments. Revising Charles Perrow's classic account of the “society of organizations” in the 20th century, we argue that the organizational landscape has changed. There has been a dis‐embedding of individuals from organizations that contrasts with Perrow's idea of individuals being “absorbed” by organizations. Despite this hollowing out, there is a persistence of concentrated economic power or “concentration without centralization.” Organizational power in this landscape is increasingly exercised at a distance, not only geographically but also in the sense of moving across organizational boundaries and through technologies of valuation. Three bodies of research exemplify different types of power at a distance. (a) Research on global production networks shows how power travels across geographic and network distances. (b) Research on financialization and its consequences shows how power is mediated by frames and metrics. (c) Emerging research on big data and Artificial Intelligence shows how power is encoded into seemingly neutral technologies and made to seem inevitable. This work helps to update the sociology of organizations and opens up new research questions.
Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high‐grade mast cell tumours
Authors: Mendez Susan E. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Duda Lilian E. , White Pamela , Kubicek Lyndsay , Sorenmo Karin U. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐grade canine mast cell tumours (HG‐MCT) have a high rate of locoregional relapse. In this study, dogs with HG‐MCT treated with radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the benefit associated with treating the locoregional lymph nodes (LNs). Forty‐two dogs were included. Variables assessed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) included WHO stage, tumour location and size, LN irradiation (prophylactic, therapeutic or none), LN treatment (yes or no), LN status at RT (metastatic or nonmetastatic) and RT intent (definitive vs palliative). Lower‐stage disease at irradiation was significantly associated with prolonged median PFS (425 vs 125 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4), and OS (615 vs 314 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4). Having any LN treatment and definitive RT were both significantly associated with prolonged OS. In order to evaluate the role of LN irradiation, dogs were divided into subgroups: (a) stage 0 at irradiation with no LN treatment (n = 14), (b) stage 0 at irradiation with prophylactic LN irradiation (n = 6), (c) stage 0 at irradiation but previously stage 2 (n = 5) and (d) stage >0 at irradiation (n = 17). Prophylactic LN irradiation significantly prolonged PFS (>2381 vs 197 days; group B vs A). Interestingly, dogs that were stage 2 and had LN treatment (C) had prolonged OS vs dogs with negative LNs and no LN treatment (A) (1908 vs 284 days; P = .012). This study confirms that prophylactic and therapeutic LN irradiation in dogs with HG‐MCT is beneficial and improves outcome.
Racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred racehorses after treatment of palatal dysfunction with a laryngeal tie‐forward procedure and thermocautery of the soft palate with or without aryepiglottic folds resection
Authors: Koskinen Milja J. , Virtala Anna‐Maija K. , McNally Turlough 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred (NH) racehorses with a definite diagnosis of palatal dysfunction treated with a laryngeal tie‐forward procedure (LTF) and soft palate cautery (SPC) with or without transendoscopic laser excision of the aryepiglottic folds (TLEAF) and to determine correlation between performance measures.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsNational Hunt racehorses treated with LTF, SPC ± TLEAF (n = 44) and nonaffected controls (n = 88).MethodsPerformance was evaluated by usingRacing Postratings (RPR), race earnings (RE), and performance index (PIndex). Affected horses were compared with nonaffected horses. The effect of TLEAF and correlations between measures were analyzed.ResultsRacing Postrating, RE and PIndex improved by 50%, 26%, and 12% in treated, and by 50%, 39%, and 24% in control horses, respectively, when measurements were evaluated for the median of three presurgical and postsurgical races. Lower postsurgical performance was detected when five postsurgical races were compared with two presurgical races (P ≤ .03). The number of postsurgical earnings rated at zero was greater in treated horses than in control horses (P < .05). Race earnings and RPR correlated more strongly (r= 0.634‐0.796) than PIndex and other measures (r= 0.378‐0.692).ConclusionPostsurgical performance of NH racehorses with palatal dysfunction after LTF and SPC ± TLEAF was decreased compared with unaffected controls. The negative effect of TLEAF on performance was detected.Clinical significanceAlthough LTF is widely performed in NH racehorses, it may not be the most efficient treatment for palatal dysfunction.
Treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in dogs and cats: A systematic review
Authors: Reeves Lauren A. , Anderson Katherine M. , Luther Jill K. , Torres Bryan T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence published on the treatment of idiopathic chylothorax (IC) in small animals.Study designSystematic literature review.Sample populationDogs and cats with IC.MethodsA literature search was performed in three bibliographic databases in July 2018 for publications on IC in dogs and cats. Articles meeting criteria for inclusion were evaluated for treatment, survival, outcome data, and level of evidence (LoE) with a modified Oxford Level of Evidence (mOLE) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system.ResultsEleven of 313 identified articles met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was identified in dogs as having higher LoE by using the mOLE system, whereas no study was identified as such in either species with the GRADE system. Surgery was the primary treatment in all dogs and in 93% (68/73) of cats. Medical therapy was the primary treatment in 7% (5/73) of cats. The most common surgical treatment combined thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and subtotal pericardiectomy (SP; 40%; 34/84) in dogs and TDL in cats (51% [37/73]).ConclusionThe body of literature for IC treatment in small animals was limited to one higher LoE study in dogs and none in cats. No strong conclusion could be drawn regarding the effectiveness of any one surgical method in dogs or cats, and no evidence was found to support medical therapy as a primary treatment.Clinical significanceThe best available evidence regarding the treatment of IC is published in dogs and provides some support for surgical treatment with either TDL + cisterna chyli ablation or TDL + SP. Additional evidence is required to confirm this finding.
Are Individuals Who Engage in More Frequent Self-Regulation Less Susceptible to Mental Fatigue?
Authors: Martin Kristy , Thompson Kevin G. , Keegan Richard , Rattray Ben 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals who engage in more frequent self-regulation are less susceptible to mental fatigue. Occupational cognitive demand and participation in sports or exercise were quantified as activities requiring self-regulation. Cardiorespiratory fitness was also assessed. On separate occasions, participants either completed 90 min of an incongruent Stroop task (mental exertion condition) or watched a 90-min documentary (control condition). Participants then completed a cycling time-to-exhaustion (physical endurance) test. There was no difference in the mean time to exhaustion between conditions, although individual responses varied. Occupational cognitive demand, participation in sports or exercise, and cardiorespiratory fitness predicted the change in endurance performance (p = .026, adjustedR2 = .279). Only cognitive demand added significantly to the prediction (p = .024). Participants who reported higher levels of occupational cognitive demand better maintained endurance performance following mental exertion.
Sex and area differences in the association between adiposity and lipid profile in Malawi
Authors: Soares Ana Luiza G , Banda Louis , Amberbir Alemayehu , Jaffar Shabbar , Musicha Crispin , Price Alison , Nyirenda Moffat J , Lawlor Debbie A , Crampin Amelia 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundEvidence from high-income countries shows that higher adiposity results in an adverse lipid profile, but it is unclear whether this association is similar in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. This study aimed to assess the association between total and central adiposity measures and lipid profile in Malawi, exploring differences by sex and area of residence (rural/urban).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 12 096 rural and 12 847 urban Malawian residents were used. The associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with fasting lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed by area and sex.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, higher BMI and WHR were linearly associated with increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C. BMI was more strongly related to fasting lipids than was WHR. The associations of adiposity with adverse lipid profile were stronger in rural compared with urban residents. For instance, one SD increase in BMI was associated with 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.19 to 0.26) increase in TC in rural women and 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI 0.11 to 0.15) in urban women. Sex differences in the associations between adiposity and lipids were less evident.ConclusionsThe consistent associations observed of higher adiposity with adverse lipid profiles in men and women living in rural and urban areas of Malawi highlight the emerging adverse cardio-metabolic epidemic in this poor population. Our findings underline the potential utility of BMI in estimating cardiovascular risk and highlight the need for greater investment to understand the long-term health outcomes of obesity and adverse lipid profiles and the extent to which lifestyle changes and treatments effectively prevent and modify adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes.