bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitreous degeneration and associated ocular abnormalities in the dog
Authors: Krishnan Harathi , Diehl Kathryn , Stefanovski Darko , Aguirre Gustavo D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the frequency of vitreous degeneration and its association with ocular comorbidities including cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 4217 dogs from the Companion Animal Eye Registry (CAER) that underwent breed screening ophthalmic examinations between 2013 and 2016. The breeds analyzed included the Italian Greyhound, Shih Tzu, Affenpinscher, Bichon Frise, Brussels Griffon, Whippets, and Greyhound. Data collected from CAER included age, gender, number of examinations, and whether vitreous degeneration, along with cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma and/or retinal detachment were present in either or both eyes.ResultsThe study found that breed and age are significant drivers for developing VD. Italian Greyhounds, Brussels Griffons, and Shih Tzus have a significantly higher likelihood of VD compared to the negative control breed, the Greyhound. Additionally, with every 1‐year age increase, there is a 24% higher likelihood of developing VD. However, no association was identified between vitreous degeneration and cataracts, lens luxation, glaucoma, or retinal detachment.ConclusionsWhile the study found that breed and age were significant drivers for developing VD, no association was found between VD and the other ocular comorbidities examined.
Automated mononuclear cell collection: a feasibility study employing a new software for extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Del Fante Claudia , Scudeller Luigia , Mortellaro Cristina , Viarengo Gianluca , Martinasso Alberto , Perotti Cesare 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesVery recently, Fresenius Kabi, improved the software (autoMNC lymphocytes, SW 04.03.08) for mononuclear cells (MNCs) collection with the aim to ameliorate the quality of harvest, employing the automated autoMNC lymphocytes software SW 04.03.09. Herein, we report the results of an observational study evaluating the feasibility of MNCs collection in patients undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) at our centre, using the new COM.TEC software 04.03.08c for MNC collection, afterwards integrated in the software 04.03.09, available on the market since November 2018.Materials and methodsThirty adult patients (21 males and 9 females) with GvHD, Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction or renal rejection, were consecutively enrolled to undergo 1 ECP procedure by the offline technique, according to our internal protocol, processing 1·5 blood volumes. Feasibility of collection was defined as: Hct in collection bag ≤5%, MNCs purity (percentage of MNCs/bag) ≥80%, MNCs collection efficiency (CE2) ≥60%, patient's platelet depletion ≤50%.ResultsThirty ECP procedures were evaluated. Feasibility (defined by the four parameters previously described) of MNCs collection was observed in 1 out of the 30 harvests analysed. Median Hct in the product was 3·45% (IQR: 2·6–5·0), and median MNCs purity was 97·2% (IQR 89·1–98·6). Median CE2 for MNCs was 21·4% (IQR: 11·9–41·2), and median patient's platelet depletion was 36·2% (IQR 21·9–51·4).ConclusionThe autoMNC lymphocytes software SW 04.03.08c for MNCs collection in ECP setting demonstrated to collect a good quality product in terms of purity and RBC contamination even if the collection efficiency and platelet contamination must be improved.
World Englishes and cross‐cultural advertising
Authors: Bhatia Tej K. , Kathpalia Sujata S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlobalization, along with emerging new media forms, is responsible for the spread of bilingualism and multilingualism in advertising. As English represents the common core of advertising, advertisers view it as the most suitable linguistic vehicle for the globalized world, mixing it with local language(s) in innovative and unique ways in their advertisements depending upon whether they originate from the Inner, Outer or Expanding Circles of English use. This introduction explores the multidimensional characteristics and dynamics of language mixing in advertisements in relation to the papers in this volume, ranging from the perspectives of structural to functional, monolingual to plurilingual, monocultural to cross‐cultural, and rational to emotional.
Colloquial Singapore English in advertisements
Authors: Hiramoto Mie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThroughout the history of Singapore, Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) has been treated as an obstacle to Singaporeans’ acquisition of standardized English. The Speak Good English Movement (SGEM) was launched in 2000 to promote standardized English while discouraging the use of CSE. Nonetheless, CSE is increasingly used in local commercial advertisements by private companies. Recently, the state has also changed its firm anti‐CSE position, and begun to recognize CSE as part of the unique identity that ties Singaporeans together. Rather surprisingly, government advertisements have begun employing CSE expressions, particularly since the state's 50th anniversary in 2015. This study investigates how the use of CSE is semioticized in both government and private‐company advertisements that have appeared in recent years. The findings suggest that CSE is integrated into government advertisements as an invocation of a pan‐Singaporean identity in order to naturalize the state's larger political discourses.
English and other languages in Italian advertising
Authors: Vettorel Paola , Franceschi Valeria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe presence of plurilingual practices involving the mixing of local and other languages is widely attested in advertising, mainly with English but also with other languages. Globalization processes have contributed to the global spread of English, but also to the blurring of linguistic and cultural boundaries, with translanguaging and transcultural practices becoming increasingly common. This study provides an investigation of print advertisements from a corpus collected from 2011 to 2018 from Italian magazines. We look at the presence of English and other languages across the dataset, focusing above all on processes of cross‐linguistic creativity exploiting English, English and Italian, as well as other languages.
Bergeyella zoohelcum isolated from oral cavities of therapy dogs
Authors: Muramatsu Yasukazu , Haraya Nami , Horie Kazuki , Uchida Leo , Kooriyama Takanori , Suzuki Akio , Horiuchi Motohiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBergeyella zoohelcum causes rare but severe human clinical diseases, which mostly arise from animal bites. Notably, Bergeyella infections can also occur in older people after prolonged exposure to dogs or cats without biting. We detected B. zoohelcum in oral cavities of therapy dogs in close contact with older people residing in nursing homes. Twenty‐two bacterial isolates were identified as B. zoohelcum by using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that MALDI‐TOF MS is an effective tool for rapid identification of rarely isolated, difficult‐to‐identify microorganisms, such as B. zoohelcum, derived from not only human clinical samples but also animal samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection of B. zoohelcum from therapy dogs. We have provided information on dog‐assisted therapy to improve the relationship between humans and animals in ageing societies, particularly for preventive healthcare of older people living in nursing care facilities.
ATP transients accompany spontaneous contractions in isolated guinea‐pig detrusor smooth muscle
Authors: McCarthy Carly J. , Marangos Christos , Fry Christopher H. , Ikeda Youko 
Published: August 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Overactive bladder is associated with enhanced spontaneous contractions, but their origins are unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the accompanying ATP transients.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Spontaneous detrusor contractions were accompanied by transient increases of ATP, and their appearance was delayed by previous activation of efferent nerves to the detrusor. This indicates that spontaneous ATP release from nerve terminals supports spontaneous contractions. ATP is a functional excitatory neurotransmitter in human bladder only in pathologies such as overactive bladder. A potential drug target is revealed to manage this condition.

AbstractSpontaneous contractions are characteristic of the bladder wall, but their origins remain unclear. Activity is reduced if the mucosa is removed but does not disappear, suggesting that a fraction arises from the detrusor. We tested the hypothesis that spontaneous detrusor contractions arise from spontaneous ATP release. Guinea‐pig detrusor strips, without mucosa, were superfused with Tyrode solution at 36°C. Preparations were subjected to electrical field stimulation (EFS; 3 s trains at 90 s intervals) to produce nerve‐mediated contractions, abolished by 1 µm TTX. Amperometric ATP electrodes on the preparation surface recorded any ATP released. Spontaneous contractions and ATP transients were recorded between EFS trains. Nerve‐mediated contractions were attenuated by atropine and α,β‐methylene ATP; in combination, they nearly abolished contractions, as did nifedipine. Contractions were accompanied by ATP transients that were unaffected by atropine but inhibited by TTX and greatly attenuated by nifedipine. Spontaneous contractions were accompanied by ATP transients, with a close correlation between the magnitudes of both transients. ATP and contractile transients persisted with TTX, atropine and nifedipine. Immediately after a nerve‐mediated contraction and ATP transient, there was a longer interval than normal before spontaneous activity resumed. Spontaneous contractions and ATP transients are proposed to arise from ATP leakage from nerve terminals innervating the detrusor. Extracellular ATP has a greater functional significance in humans who suffer from detrusor overactivity (spontaneous bladder contractions associated with incontinence) owing to its reduced hydrolysis at the nerve–muscle interface. This study shows the origin of spontaneous activity that might be exploited to develop a therapeutic management of this condition.
Cell migration and axon guidance at the border between central and peripheral nervous system
Authors: Suter Tracey A. C. S. , Jaworski Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Neurons negotiating boundariesBarriers around the brain and spinal cord separate central from peripheral nervous systems, yet the two systems are interlinked. Suter and Jaworski review what is known about how cells, axons, and signals negotiate the boundary zone. Understanding what goes wrong in boundary transgressions reveals the inner workings of multiple, partially redundant mechanisms built during development that separate the two compartments in adulthood.Science, this issue p.eaaw8231
Solar System chaos and the Paleocene–Eocene boundary age constrained by geology and astronomy
Authors: Zeebe Richard E. , Lourens Lucas J. 
Published: August 2019

Filling a dating hole
The periodic nature of Earth's orbit around the Sun produces cycles of insolation reflected in climate records. Conversely, these climate records can be used to infer changes in the dynamics of the Solar System, which is inherently chaotic and not always similarly periodic. A particular obstacle is the lack of well-defined planetary orbital constraints between 50 and 60 million years ago. Zeebe and Lourens found an astronomical solution for that interval showing that the Solar System experienced a specific resonance transition pattern. These data provide a measure of the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Science
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Mixed deformation styles observed on a shallow subduction thrust, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
Authors: Fagereng Å. , Savage H.M. , Morgan J.K. , Wang M. , Meneghini F. , Barnes P.M. , Bell R. , Kitajima H. , McNamara D.D. , Saffer D.M. , Wallace L.M. , Petronotis K. , LeVay L. ,   the IODP Expedition 372/375 Scientists
Published: August 2019

AbstractGeophysical observations show spatial and temporal variations in fault slip style on shallow subduction thrust faults, but geological signatures and underlying deformation processes remain poorly understood. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expeditions 372 and 375 investigated New Zealand’s Hikurangi margin in a region that has experienced both tsunami earthquakes and repeated slow-slip events. We report direct observations from cores that sampled the active Pāpaku splay fault at 304 m below the seafloor. This fault roots into the plate interface and comprises an 18-m-thick main fault underlain by ∼30 m of less intensely deformed footwall and an ∼10-m-thick subsidiary fault above undeformed footwall. Fault zone structures include breccias, folds, and asymmetric clasts within transposed and/or dismembered, relatively homogeneous, silty hemipelagic sediments. The data demonstrate that the fault has experienced both ductile and brittle deformation. This structural variation indicates that a range of local slip speeds can occur along shallow faults, and they are controlled by temporal, potentially far-field, changes in strain rate or effective stress.
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with coeliac and allergic diseases
Authors: Martins Joana Albuquerque , Azenha António , Almeida Rui , Pinheiro João Páscoa 
Published: August 2019

A 45-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of relapsing oedema of the lips. Moreover, he exhibited recurrent facial nerve palsy since the age of 10 years, coeliac disease since the age of 12 years, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Physical examination revealed lip swelling and lingua plicata. Thus, he presented the classic triad of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome which includes recurrent orofacial oedema, facial nerve palsy and fissured tongue. A lip biopsy confirmed our clinical diagnosis.This case is particularly rare, as the classic triad is seen only in a minority of the cases. Moreover, allergic and coeliac diseases were observed concomitantly. This paper illustrates a potential pathophysiological interconnection between these pathologies in which interferon gamma could play a key role. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in which Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome has been observed concurrently with coeliac disease.
Smartphones can improve adherence rates for TB treatment
Authors: Cook Rob , Lamont Tara , Martin Rosie 
Published: August 2019

The studyStory A, Aldridge R, Smith C, et al. Smartphone-enabled video-observed versus directly observed treatment for tuberculosis: a multicentre, analyst-blinded, randomised, controlled superiority trial. Lancet 2019;393:1216-24.The study was funded by the NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (project number RP-PG-0407-10340).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000777/smartphones-for-tb-treatment-observation
Complex intervention in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) care in Germany: a study protocol of an evaluation study with a controlled mixed-methods design
Authors: Zinkevich Anna , Uthoff Sarah Anna Katharina , Boenisch Jens , Sachse Stefanie Kalén , Bernasconi Tobias , Ansmann Lena 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe current practice of service delivery in Germany for people with complex communication needs (CCN) who are in need of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is characterised by diverse problems, including a lack of clarity in the responsibilities of the service providers involved. To address these issues a new service delivery model has been put in place, implemented in three AAC counselling centres for patients with a particular health insurance across Germany. The implementation of a new service delivery model aims to improve individualised service delivery. The model goes beyond standard care by adding case management, counselling, AAC training and, if needed, AAC therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this complex intervention.Methods and analysisIn consideration of the complexity of the new service delivery model, formative and summative evaluation will be conducted. The formative evaluation will provide data based on qualitative and quantitative assessments of the competences and perspectives of all involved stakeholders, including a proxy measurement of persons with CCN. The summative evaluation will include a controlled study design as the new service delivery model will be compared against the service delivery in an existing contract and against data gathered from caregivers of AAC users provided with standard care. With the exception of the individual interviews the data will be collected from proxies—that is, informal and formal caregivers.Ethics and disseminationData collection, storage and evaluation meet the currently valid data protection regulations. Consultation by the responsible data protection officer of the Oldenburg Medical School and a positive vote from its Ethics Committee were obtained prior to the start of the study. Dissemination strategies include the presentation of the obtained data and results in the form of publications and at conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00013628.
Geographical variation in rates of surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence in England: a national cohort study
Authors: Mamza Jil B , Geary Rebecca S , El-Hamamsy Dina , Cromwell David A , Duckett Jonathan , Monga Ash , Toozs-Hobson Philip , Mahmood Tahir , Wilson Andrew , Tincello Douglas G , van der Meulen Jan H , Gurol Urganci Ipek 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine geographic variation in use of surgery for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), mainly midurethral mesh tape insertions, in the English National Health Service (NHS).DesignNational cohort study.SettingNHS hospitals.Participants27 997 women aged 20 years or older who had a first SUI surgery in an English NHS Hospital between April 2013 and March 2016 and a diagnosis of SUI at the same time as the procedure.MethodsMultilevel Poisson regression was used to adjust for geographic differences in age, ethnicity, prevalence of long-term illness and socioeconomic deprivation.Primary outcome measureRate of surgery for SUI per 100 000 women/year at two geographic levels: Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG; n=209) and Sustainability and Transformation Partnership (STP; n=44).ResultsThe rate of surgery for SUI was 40 procedures per 100 000 women/year. Risk-adjusted rates ranged from 20 to 106 procedures per 100 000 women/year across CCGs and 24 to 69 procedures per 100 000 women/year across the STP areas. These regional differences were only partially explained by demographic characteristics as adjustment reduced variance of surgery rates by 16% among the CCGs and 35% among the STPs.ConclusionsSubstantial geographic variation exists in the use of surgery for female SUI in the English NHS, suggesting that women in some areas are more likely to be treated compared with women with the same condition in other areas. The variation reflects differences in how national guidelines are being interpreted in the context of the ongoing debate about the safety of SUI surgery.
Lung health and exposure to air pollution in Malawian children (CAPS): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rylance Sarah , Nightingale Rebecca , Naunje Andrew , Mbalume Frank , Jewell Chris , Balmes John R , Grigg Jonathan , Mortimer Kevin 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundNon-communicable lung disease and exposure to air pollution are major problems in sub-Saharan Africa. A high burden of chronic respiratory symptoms, spirometric abnormalities and air pollution exposures has been found in Malawian adults; whether the same would be true in children is unknown.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of children aged 6–8 years, in rural Malawi, included households from communities participating in the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS), a trial of cleaner-burning biomass-fuelled cookstoves. We assessed; chronic respiratory symptoms, anthropometry, spirometric abnormalities (using Global Lung Initiative equations) and personal carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. Prevalence estimates were calculated, and multivariable analyses were done.ResultsWe recruited 804 children (mean age 7.1 years, 51.9% female), including 476 (260 intervention; 216 control) from CAPS households. Chronic respiratory symptoms (mainly cough (8.0%) and wheeze (7.1%)) were reported by 16.6% of children. Average height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores were −1.04 and −1.10, respectively. Spirometric abnormalities (7.1% low forced vital capacity (FVC); 6.3% obstruction) were seen in 13.0% of children. Maximum CO exposure and carboxyhaemoglobin levels (COHb) exceeded WHO guidelines in 50.1% and 68.5% of children, respectively. Children from CAPS intervention households had lower COHb (median 3.50% vs 4.85%, p=0.006) and higher FVC z-scores (−0.22 vs −0.44, p=0.05) than controls.ConclusionThe substantial burden of chronic respiratory symptoms, abnormal spirometry and air pollution exposures in children in rural Malawi is concerning; effective prevention and control strategies are needed. Our finding of potential benefit in CAPS intervention households calls for further research into clean-air interventions to maximise healthy lung development in children.
Short-term legacy effects of feedlot manure amendments on earthworm abundance in a clay loam soil
Authors: Miller J.J. , Owen M.L. , Drury C.F. , Chanasyk D.S. 
Published: August 2019

Long-term application of feedlot beef cattle manure amendments to cropland may enhance earthworm abundance by increasing soil organic carbon. The objective of this study was to determine the legacy effects of feedlot manure type [stockpiled (SM) vs. composted (CM)], bedding material [straw (ST) vs. woodchips (WD)], manure rate (13, 39, or 77 Mg ha−1), unamended control, and inorganic fertilizer treatments on earthworm abundance in a clay loam soil after 3–4 yr of discontinued applications following 17 annual applications. Earthworms were sampled (20 cm depth) in 2 yr (2017–2018), and ancillary soil properties also determined. The Aporrectodea genus was the dominant earthworm identified. Earthworm abundance was similar (P > 0.05) for amended and unamended or inorganic fertilizer treatments. Abundance at the 39 Mg ha−1rate in 2018 was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater by four times for SM than CM with ST, but it was two times greater for CM than SM with WD. Abundance at the 13 Mg ha−1rate in 2017 was significantly greater by 91% for ST than WD, but at the 39 Mg ha−1rate, it was 10 times greater for WD than ST. In 2018, abundance was five times greater for WD than ST with CM, but it was similar with SM. Overall, short-term legacy effects occurred on earthworm abundance, but these effects varied with manure rate. Earthworm abundance was not increased by manure application, which suggested a carrying capacity not directly related to food resource.