bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and crystal structures of three bis(triorganotin) benzenedicarboxylates
Authors: Liu Jin , Liu Min , Wang Shiqing , Li Yuxiao , Liu Mingzhu , Wang Yue , Tian Laijin , Liu Xicheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThree bis(triorganotin) benzenedicarboxylates, 1,n-C6H4(COOSnR3)2(n, R=3, C6H5C(CH3)2CH2,1; 4, C6H5C(CH3)2CH2,2; 4, C6H11-c,3), were synthesized by the reaction of 1,3 or 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid with triorganotin chlorides in the solution of CH3ONa-CH3OH and characterized by means of elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H,13C, and119Sn) spectra, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compounds1–3are all di-nuclear tin complexes in which the carboxylate is monodentate and each tin atom possesses a distorted SnC3O tetrahedral geometry.
UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Picollo Marcello , Aceto Maurizio , Vitorino Tatiana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-invasive method for the study of cultural heritage materials for several decades. In particular, FORS, introduced in the 1980s, allows to acquire hundreds of reflectance spectra in situ in a short time, contributing to the identification of artist’s materials. More recently, microspectrofluorimetry has also been proposed as a powerful non-invasive method for the identification of dyes and lake pigments that provides high sensitivity and selectivity. In this chapter, the concepts behind these spectroscopic methodologies will be discussed, as well as the instrumentation and measurement modes used. Case studies related with different cultural heritage materials (paintings and manuscripts, textiles, carpets and tapestries, glass, metals, and minerals), which show the usefulness of UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy and microspectrofluorimetry applied to the study of artworks, will also be presented.
The ontology of Yentl: Umberto Eco, semiosis, mimesis, closets and existence, and how to read “Yentl the Yeshiva Boy”
Authors: West Joel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Isaac Bashevis Singer’s short story “Yentl the Yeshiva Boy” (Singer, I. B. 1962. Yentl the yeshiva boy. Commentary Magazine. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/yentl-the-yeshiva-boy-a-story/ (accessed 25 March 2017).) needs to be read in the light of traditional Jewish sources. The question is, how does it stand up to modern hypotheses of gender construction? Yentl was originally published in Yiddish and was translated to English in the latter half of the twentieth century. We will see that the context within which to understand the story properly is encoded in the story itself, as Umberto Eco explains in his The Role of the Reader and The Limits of Interpretation. We will see how the concept of a person’s gender, as a construction by social norms, is viewed within mainstream Jewish thought. Some textual issues and contemporary ideas of gender are applied to the story. Finally, the feature film Yentl (Streisand, B. (dir.). 1983. Yentl [film]. Los Angeles: United Artists Films.) is also compared the short story on which it was based as an example of translation and re-interpretation.
What cycles? Data detrending in DSGE models
Authors: Sun Xiaojin , Tsang Kwok Ping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is widely-known that different methods of detrending data yield different business cycle features. The choice of the detrending method, however, is usually arbitrarily made. This paper aims at revealing potential pitfalls of different detrending methods for the estimation of a standard medium-scale DSGE model. By comparing nine popular detrending methods, we find that model parameter estimates, variance decompositions, optimal monetary policies, and out-of-sample forecasting performances of the model are all sensitive to how the data are detrended. We also discuss some possible criteria to choose among different methods.
The Merits of the Synthesis between Theories: An Explanation of Policy Change in European Regulation on Pesticides through the Multiple Stream Framework and the Stage Model
Authors: Bozzini Emanuela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article combines Multiple Stream Framework and stage model to analyse developments in the European Union regulation of pesticides. In so doing the purpose of this article is threefold: first, it contributes to the theoretical literature by providing an argument in support of the merits of integration of approaches. Second, it provides a refinement of the Multiple Stream Approach by extending it from the original agenda setting stage to the entire policy process. Third, it explains policy changes in a crucial but under-researched area of EU regulation.
Dopamine Restores Limbic Memory Loss, Dendritic Spine Structure, and NMDAR-Dependent LTD in the Nucleus Accumbens of Alcohol-Withdrawn Rats
Authors: Cannizzaro Carla , Talani Giuseppe , Brancato Anna , Mulas Giovanna , Spiga Saturnino , De Luca Maria Antonietta , Sanna Angela , Marino Rosa Anna Maria , Biggio Giovanni , Sanna Enrico , Diana Marco 
Published: November 2018

Alcohol abuse leads to aberrant forms of emotionally salient memory, i.e., limbic memory, that promote escalated alcohol consumption and relapse. Accordingly, activity-dependent structural abnormalities are likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunctions that occur from suddenly ceasing chronic alcohol consumption. Here we show that alcohol-dependent male rats fail to perform an emotional-learning task during abstinence but recover their functioning byl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (l-DOPA) administration during early withdrawal.l-DOPA also reverses the selective loss of dendritic “long thin” spines observed in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of alcohol-dependent rats during abstinence, as well as the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and postsynaptic density-95-positive elements. Patch-clamp experiments in NAc slices reveal that bothin vivosystemicl-DOPA administration andin vitroexposure to dopamine can restore the loss of long-term depression (LTD) formation, counteract the reduction in NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents and rectify the altered NMDAR/AMPAR ratio observed in alcohol-withdrawn rats. Further,in vivomicrodialysis experiments show that blunted dopaminergic signaling is revived afterl-DOPA treatment during early withdrawal. These results suggest a key role of an efficient dopamine signaling for maintaining, and restore, neural trophism, NMDA-dependent LTD, and ultimately optimal learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBlunted dopamine signaling and altered glutamate connectivity in the nucleus accumbens represent the neuroanatomical basis for the impairment in aversive limbic memory observed during withdrawal in alcohol dependence. Supplyingl-DOPA during withdrawal re-establishes synaptic morphology and functional neuroadaptations, suggesting a complete recovery of nucleus accumbens glutamatergic synaptic plasticity when dopamine is revived. Importantly, restoring dopamine transmission allows those synapses to encode emotionally relevant information and rescue flexibility in the neuronal circuits that process limbic memory formation. Under these conditions, drugs capable of selectively boosting the dopaminergic function during the “fluid” and still responsive state of the early withdrawn maladaptive synapses may help in the treatment of alcohol addiction.
Improving Timeliness of Medical Evaluations for Children Entering Foster Care
Authors: Terrell Lindsay G. , Skinner Asheley C. , Narayan Aditee P. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends children in foster care (FC) have an initial medical evaluation within 3 days of custody initiation; however, this vulnerable population often suffers from disjointed care. Our aim was to improve the mean time to initial foster care evaluation (TIE) from 32 to &lt;7 days within 12 months for children in FC in Durham County, North Carolina.

METHODS:
This study was a time series, quality improvement project used to target interventions within an academic clinic and a community agency. Interventions were tested through multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. Control charts of the primary outcome, the TIE, were constructed. Charts were annotated with the dates of interventions, including workshops, performance feedback, integration of state forms, identification of appointments, development of an urgent appointment pathway, and empowerment of the scheduler.

RESULTS:
The mean TIE improved from 32 to 9 days within 12 months. Significant improvement in the following 2 process measures contributed to this: the time from custody initiation to the referral date improved from an average of 10 to 3 days, and the time from referral date to the initial evaluation improved from an average of 22 to 6 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Improvement interventions and increased collaboration between medical and child welfare agencies can result in significant improvement of the TIE. However, despite improvement efforts, challenges remain in meeting the AAP 3-day TIE recommendation. We recommend further assessment of the AAP guideline as it relates to implementation feasibility and health outcomes of children in FC.
EGFR Mutation Testing: Changing Patterns of Molecular Testing in Brazil
Authors: Palacio Sofia , Pontes Luciola , Prado Edna , Arshad Junaid , Ali Robert , Piha Tony , Bacchi Carlos Eduardo , Mudad Raja , Lopes Gilberto 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
In Brazil, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Most patients in resource-limited countries are diagnosed in advanced stages. Current guidelines advocate for EGFR mutation testing in all patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are recommended in patients with advanced or metastatic disease harboring sensitizing mutations. In Brazil, there are limited data regarding the frequency of EGFR testing and the changes in patterns of testing overtime.

Materials and Methods
This was an observational, retrospective study. We obtained deidentified data from a commercial database, which included 11,684 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated between 2011 and 2016 in both public and private settings. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation testing over time. We also directly studied 3,664 tumor samples, which were analyzed between 2011 and 2013. These samples were tested for EGFR mutations through an access program to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Brazil.

Results
Overall, 38% of patients were tested for EGFR mutations; 76% of them were seen in the private sector, and 24% were seen in the public center. The frequency of testing for EGFR mutations increased significantly over time: 13% (287/2,228 patients) in 2011, 34% (738/2,142) in 2012, 39% (822/2,092) in 2013, 44% (866/1,972) in 2014, 53% (1,165/2,184) in 2015, and 42% (1,359/3,226) in 2016. EGFR mutations were detected in 25.5% of analyzed samples (857/3,364). Deletions in Exon 19 were the most frequent mutations, detected in 54% of patients (463/857).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the frequency of EGFR mutation in this cohort was lower than that found in Asia but higher than in North American and Western European populations. The most commonly found mutations were in Exon 19 and Exon 21. Our study shows that fewer than half of patients are being tested and that the disparity is greater in the public sector.

Implications for Practice
These data not only indicate the shortage of testing but also show that the rates of positivity in those tested seem to be higher than in other cohorts for which data have been published. This study further supports the idea that awareness and access to testing should be improved in order to improve survival rates in lung cancer in Brazil.
Small Molecules Targeting Mutant P53: A Promising Approach for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lopes Elizabeth A. , Gomes Sara , Saraiva Lucília , Santos Maria M.M. 
Published: November 2018

:
More than half of all human tumors express mutant forms of p53, with the ovary,
lung, pancreas, and colorectal cancers among the tumor types that display the highest prevalence
of p53 mutations. In addition, the expression of mutant forms of p53 in tumors is associated
with poor prognosis due to increased chemoresistance and invasiveness. Therefore, the
pharmacological restoration of wild-type-like activity to mutant p53 arises as a promising therapeutic
strategy against cancer. This review is focused on the most relevant mutant p53 small
molecule reactivators described to date. Despite some of them have entered into clinical trials,
none has reached the clinic, which emphasizes that new pharmacological alternatives, particularly
with higher selectivity and lower adverse toxic side effects, are still required.
Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Induced Cholestatic Jaundice in a HCV Patient with Renal Failure. A Case Presentation
Authors: Caroleo Benedetto , Caroleo Maria Cristina , Cimellaro Antonio , Colangelo Lidia , Perticone Maria , Di Mizio Giulio , De Sarro Giovambattista , Gallelli Luca 
Published: November 2018

Background: Direct-acting Antivirals (DAA) are currently used in the treatment of chronic
HCV infection. In patients with renal failure Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (genotype 1-6) is recommended
for its safety and efficacy.

Case Presentation:
Although these pharmacological characteristics, an adverse drug reaction (ADR)
has been reported during Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir treatment, such as the development of cholestatic
jaundice in an elderly patient with chronic HCV (genotype 2) infection. At examination, patient was
jaundiced associated with intense pruritus.

Results:
Ultrasound and laboratory biochemical tests excluded a liver failure (e.g. liver cancer, and
liver lithiasis) or pancreatic cancer while Naranjo probability scale (score 6) suggested an association
between cholestatic jaundice and Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir administration. About 1 month after drug
discontinuation, an improvement has been documented in both jaundice and pruritus, with a
normalization in bilirubin levels (total bilirubin: 0.96 mg/dL), HCV-RNA was undetected also. It is
worth mentioning that although we reported the development of cholestatic jaundice upon treatment
with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir we recorded a clinical efficacy (HCV-RNA <15 IU/L) after 4 weeks
from the beginning of the treatment, with a complete remission of clinical symptoms until 7 months
after drug discontinuation.

Conclusion:
These data support the clinical efficacy of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir association in elderly
patients, despite the sub-optimal period of treatment.
POSIBILIDADES Y LÍMITES DE LA OBSERVACIÓN ELECTORAL INTERNACIONAL EN DEMOCRACIAS FRÁGILES O PRECARIAS
Authors: Binder Christina 
Published: November 2018

<p> </p><p> </p><p><span> </span>El presente artículo analiza las posibilidades y los límites de las misiones internacionales de observación electoral en democracias frágiles, invocando el acervo y la experiencia de las misiones de la Oficina de Instituciones Democráticas y de Derechos Humanos (OIDDH) de la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (OSCE). Luego de revisar los diferentes formatos y métodos utilizados por las misiones de observación electoral (MOE) y las normas internacionales relevantes para su evaluación, se esbozan de manera general las posibilidades y desafíos que tiene que enfrentar una MOE. En ese sentido se examinará la utilidad de las misiones de observación electoral en democracias frágiles, argumentando que en determinadas circunstancias, tiene sentido enviar misiones electorales a países con democracias precarias o en riesgo.</p>
La juridicidad del deber moral de fidelidad
Authors: Torres Flor Analucía 
Published: November 2018

Conforme al artículo 431º del Código Civil y Comercial argentino, “Los esposos se comprometen a desarrollar un proyecto de vida en común basado en la cooperación, la convivencia y el deber moral de fidelidad. Deben prestarse ayuda mutua.” En este sentido, nos encontramos frente a una nueva regulación que diferencia entre derechos-deberes propiamente jurídicos y un derecho-deber moral: el deber de fidelidad. Por su parte, la doctrina jurídica argentina, discute si además de su carácter moral, el deber de fidelidad, tendría carácter jurídico o si se trata de un deber estrictamente moral y, por tanto, no generaría ninguna clase de efectos jurídicos.
Por otro lado, si la regulación del deber de fidelidad en el CCyC es indubitablemente moral, ¿Cuál (es) son/es la(s) razón (es) de tan controvertidas interpretaciones? ¿El deber de fidelidad tiene carácter estrictamente moral, tiene carácter moral y además jurídico?
Conforme al artículo 431º del Código Civil y Comercial argentino, “Los esposos se comprometen a desarrollar un proyecto de vida en común basado en la cooperación, la convivencia y el deber moral de fidelidad. Deben prestarse ayuda mutua.” En este sentido, nos encontramos frente a una nueva regulación que diferencia entre derechos-deberes propiamente jurídicos y un derecho-deber moral: el deber de fidelidad. Por su parte, la doctrina jurídica argentina, discute si además de su carácter moral, el deber de fidelidad, tendría carácter jurídico o si se trata de un deber estrictamente moral y, por tanto, no generaría ninguna clase de efectos jurídicos.
Por otro lado, si la regulación del deber de fidelidad en el CCyC es indubitablemente moral, ¿Cuál (es) son/es la(s) razón (es) de tan controvertidas interpretaciones? ¿El deber de fidelidad tiene carácter estrictamente moral, tiene carácter moral y además jurídico?
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FENOFIBRATE TABLET BY COMAPARING TWO DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT METHODS
Authors: Dua J S , Kaur Beerpal , Prasad D N 
Published: November 2018

Fenofibrate is a drug included in BCS class II category, generally used to reduce cholesterol level in patient having a risk of cardiovascular disease. The main aim of this research was to ameliorate solubility and dissolution profile of Fenofibrate with comparison between two different methods i.e. Solid dispersion and liquisolid technique. In liquisolid system, a dry freely flowing and compressible powder mixture was obtained which absorb drug solution or suspension in non-volatile solvent. While in case of solid dispersion drug was dispersed with suitable hydrophillic carrier with or without volatile solvent to get powder material. Two formulation of Fenofibrate solid dispersion were prepared by solvent evaporation method using β-CD as a hydrophillic carrier with ratios 1:1 and 1:3. In case of liquisolid technique, two liquisolid compacts were prepared with ‘R’ value 20:1 and 40:1 using Avicel PH 102 as a carrier and Aerosil 200 as a coating material. All the formulations were characterized by FTIR, DSC and solubility studies. Precompression studies of all the batches were done by determining angle of repose (25.100- 35.020), bulk density (0.51- 0.56 g/ml), tapped density (0.60-0.66 g/ml), carr’s index (15.61-19.03%) and hausner’s ratio (1.13-1.25). Post compression evaluation was done by checking hardness (4-5 kg/cm2), thickness (3.56-4.01mm), friability (0.54-0.75%), disintegration time (3.50-5.56min), drug content (80.34-95.05%) and in-vitro drug release (81.55-92.93%). Out of all the four batches SD2 batch that was prepared by solid technology showed an excellent result by releasing drug at 96.91 %.
Key words- Fenofibrate, Solid dispersion, Liquisolid compact, Avicel PH 102, Aerosil 200.
TOPICAL DELIVERY OF NANOEMULSION FOR ANTIPSORIATIC DRUGS
Authors: Khurana Bharat , Arora Daisy , Narang RK 
Published: November 2018

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder of the skin characterized by relapsing episodes of inflammatory lesions and hyperkeratotic plaques with worldwide occurrence of around 2–5%. Psoriasis is a disease known to be caused by multitude of both genetic and environmental factors such as trauma, drugs, infection, alcohol, smoking and stress but its accurate origin is still not known. Further, available treatment options are associated with both inappropriate cosmetic appearance and related toxicities leading to poor patient compliance in long term use. Nanotechnology based drug delivery system has immense potential to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of drugs in their dosage forms, especially lipophilic drugs. Lipid based carrier system can overcome the lipid imbalance and normal moisturizing factors. Nanoemulsions, as one of a new carrier apparently have the prospective to conquer numerous problems related with topical antipsoriatic therapy. This delivery system could perhaps offer a good alternative in topical psoriasis treatment. Not only on how nanoemulsions prepared, but it depends on the active ingredients used and the selection of oil could as well enhance the efficiency of topical treatment towards psoriasis. A good combination of both active and suitable oils would result a better treatment and better effect.
Keywords: Topical nanoemulsion, Antipsoriatic therapy, Critical quality attributes.
ANTI-CSC COMBINATION THERAPY USING WNT SIGNALING-TARGETED DRUG
Authors: Dhandapani Muthu , Balakrishnan Babu , Sivamani Ganesan 
Published: November 2018

Dysfunctions of Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch pathways are evident in multiple tumor types and malignancies. A number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in human breast cancer. Specifically, inhibition of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway is implicated in arresting of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous tumor cells. Here, we investigated tumor initiating property of breast cancer stem cell in-vitro with XAV-939 an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling with this inhibitor represents a promising strategy to suppress metastasis.
Keywords: Cancer Stem Cell, 3D Mammosphere, Wnt/β-catenin, metastasis, CD44+/CD24
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF CRATEVA MAGNA (Lour.) DC
Authors: Roy Saumendu Deb , Dash Suvakanta , Dasgupta Debaprotim 
Published: November 2018

In the present study, Crateva magna bark was extracted with various solvents in order to their standing in the polarity chart and the extracts were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. After that we have subjected the extracts to antioxidant assay using FTC, TBA, DPPH and Reducing Power assay as models and Antimicrobial assay. The Chloroform extract has shown potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity among all the extracts under evaluation. The findings here justify the ethnomedicinal claim against the plant under consideration.
Keywords: Crateva magna, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Ethnomedicine.