bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferts, hybridations et renouvellements des savoirs. Parcours urbanistique et architectural de Michel Écochard de 1932 à 1974
Authors: Ghorayeb Marlène 
Published: September 2018

L’itinéraire de Michel Écochard est un excellent exemple pour illustrer l’exportation d’un savoir-faire en urbanisme. Tout au long de sa carrière, il intervient dans différents pays du Moyen et du Proche-Orient ainsi que d’Afrique. Digne représentant des congrès internationaux d’architecture moderne (CIAM) au Maroc, il prétend dès le départ, et sans ambiguïté, être le porte-parole du savoir-faire français, et ce tant en architecture et en urbanisme. Il militera pour la mise en œuvre des principes du Mouvement moderne et des théories urbanistiques qui ont marqué le développement des villes dans l’après-guerre. Fraichement diplômé (1935), Michel Écochard est nommé fonctionnaire de l’administration au service des antiquités du Levant. Au Maroc, il met les théories modernes à l’épreuve des données locales et de la problématique des bidonvilles et développe des solutions novatrices d’« habitat pour le plus grand nombre ». À partir de 1955, il poursuit sa carrière internationale en Afrique et au Proche-Orient, où il réalise des plans d’aménagement et des projets d’envergure, notamment de grands équipements scolaires, universitaires et hospitaliers. Cet article éclairera le parcours de cette figure emblématique de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme exportés, à l’interface des cultures, afin de révéler la richesse engendrée par le croisement de ses différentes expériences.
Sérgio Ferro au prisme d’une histoire brésilienne,(re-)lire Dessin-chantier
Authors: Fiori Sandra 
Published: September 2018

Exilé en France en 1972, Sérgio Ferro (né en 1938) a marqué l’École d’architecture de Grenoble de ses enseignements et ses recherches pendant 30 ans. Il est en particulier l’auteur de Dessin-chantier (2005, éd. de la Villette), ouvrage dérangeant par sa critique radicale des conditions de production de l’architecture en même temps que pensée originale pour une pratique émancipatrice du métier. L’ouvrage de Sérgio Ferro repose sur une trajectoire brésilienne peu connue en France et pourtant déterminante, initiée pendant la construction de Brasilia au sein d’un trio de jeunes architectes de Sao Paulo, et dont la contribution architecturale et théorique s’inscrit dans le Brésil des années 1960. Cette trajectoire se confond aussi plus largement avec celle d’une avant-garde intellectuelle et artistique de gauche tiraillée par les tensions entre modernité et sous-développement, perspectives de transformations sociales et résistance au régime militaire d’après 1964. L’article propose alors une « lecture brésilienne » du texte Dessin-chantier en retraçant le récit de cette trajectoire biographique d’avant l’exil et en évoquant l’héritage vivant dont les travaux théoriques de Ferro sur l’architecture font l’objet au Brésil ; ce faisant, il met en évidence la dimension fondamentalement politique de l’œuvre de Sérgio Ferro.
Cutting Edge: TGF-β and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signals Modulate Distinct Metabolism of Regulatory T Cell Subsets
Authors: Priyadharshini Bhavana , Loschi Michael , Newton Ryan H. , Zhang Jian-Wen , Finn Kelsey K. , Gerriets Valerie A. , Huynh Alexandria , Rathmell Jeffery C. , Blazar Bruce R. , Turka Laurence A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Murine Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiated in vitro (induced Tregs [iTregs]) in the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β rely predominantly upon lipid oxidation to fuel mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Foxp3 expression underlies this metabolic preference, as it suppresses glycolysis and drives oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we show that in contrast to iTregs, thymic-derived Tregs (tTregs), engage in glycolysis and glutaminolysis at levels comparable to effector T cells despite maintained Foxp3 expression. Interestingly, exposure of tTregs to the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β represses PI3K-mediated mTOR signaling, inhibits glucose transporter and Hk2 expression, and reprograms their metabolism to favor oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, replicating the effects of inflammation via elevation of PI3K signaling has minimal effects on tTregs but dramatically enhances the glycolysis of normally oxidative iTregs, resulting in reduction of Foxp3 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest both extrinsic and intrinsic factors govern the unique metabolic signature of Treg subsets.
Influenza A Virus Infection Causes Chronic Lung Disease Linked to Sites of Active Viral RNA Remnants
Authors: Keeler Shamus P. , Agapov Eugene V. , Hinojosa Michael E. , Letvin Adam N. , Wu Kangyun , Holtzman Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Clinical and experimental observations suggest that chronic lung disease is linked to respiratory viral infection. However, the long-term aspect of this relationship is not yet defined using a virus that replicates at properly high levels in humans and a corresponding animal model. In this study, we show that influenza A virus infection achieves 1 × 106–fold increases in viral load in the lung and dose-dependent severity of acute illness in mice. Moreover, these events are followed by persistence of negative- and positive-strand viral RNA remnants for 15 wk and chronic lung disease for at least 26 wk postinfection. The disease is manifested by focal areas of bronchiolization and mucus production that contain increased levels of viral RNA remnants along with mucin Muc5ac and Il13 mRNA compared with uninvolved areas of the lung. Excess mucus production and associated airway hyperreactivity (but not fibrosis or emphysema) are partially attenuated with loss of IL-13 production or signaling (using mice with IL-13 or STAT6 deficiency). These deficiencies cause reciprocal increases in l17a mRNA and neutrophils in the lung; however, none of these disease endpoints are changed with IL-13/IL-17a compared with IL-13 deficiency or STAT6/IL-17a compared with STAT6 deficiency. The results establish the capacity of a potent human respiratory virus to produce chronic lung disease focally at sites of active viral RNA remnants, likely reflecting locations of viral replication that reprogram the region. Viral dose dependency of disease also implicates high-level viral replication and severity of acute infection as determinants of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and COPD with IL-13–dependent and IL-13/IL-17–independent mechanisms.
Crecimiento y capacidad de biorremediación de Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophycea, Chlorophyta) cultivada en aguas residuales generadas en el cultivo del pez dorado Seriola lalandi (Perciformes: Carangidae)
Authors: Ramos Roberto , Pizarro Roberto 
Published: September 2018

Se evaluó el crecimiento y la eficiencia de remoción de nutrientes disueltos por la microalga Chlorella vulgaris utilizando el efluente generado por la producción de Seriola lalandi. En un periodo de estudio de 8 días se evaluaron condiciones experimentales indoor y outdoor utilizando una concentración inicial de Chlorella vulgaris de 2,06·106 ± 4,16·103 células mL-1. En la determinación del crecimiento y remoción de nutrientes se utilizaron 12 estanques cilíndrico-cónicos transparentes de 50 L de capacidad. Se emplearon tres (3) estanques para cada condición experimental, indoor (3) y outdoor (3), con agua efluente del cultivo de dorado, los restantes seis (6) estanques fueron los controles utilizando agua de mar filtrada a 1 µm, desinfectada y enriquecida con medio de cultivo general F/2, en la condición indoor (3) y outdoor (3), respectivamente. El resultado de crecimiento en la condición indoor alcanzó un valor máximo de 4,17·106 ± 7,57·105 células mL-1 en el día 6, crecimiento similar se alcanzó en los estanques controles que obtuvieron 4,75·106 ± 2,29·105 células mL-1, mientras que en la condición experimental outdoor el crecimiento máximo obtenido fue de 2,81·106 ± 2,69·105 células mL-1 alcanzado en el día 2, en comparación con los estanques controles que tuvieron un crecimiento máximo de 1,83·107 ± 2,29·105 células mL-1. Los mejores resultados de remoción de nutrientes se registraron con nitrito, alcanzando valores de 91,67 y 88,41%, en las condiciones indoor y outdoor, respectivamente. Por su parte, el nitrato fue removido en un 57,47 y 29,31% para las condiciones indoor y outdoor. En cuanto a la remoción de amonio el valor fue similar con 42,22% para ambas condiciones experimentales. Finalmente, el fosfato registró una remoción del 65,78% en indoor y 75,78% en outdoor. Los resultados demuestran que la utilización de la microalga Chlorella vulgaris para la absorción de nutrientes y crecimiento en aguas residuales es factible, lo que abre perspectivas alentadoras para su aplicación en procesos depurativos en la actividad piscícola u otra industria que genere efluentes con estas características.
Essais de traitement de la Theilériose bovine grecque par quelques antipaludiques de synthèse : la quinacrine et la paludrine
Authors: Cardassis J. 
Published: September 2018

L’inefficacité thérapeutique de l’acaprine (zothélone, pirevan, babesan) et de la gonacrine (trypaflavine, acriflavine) contre la Theilériose bovine grecque a incité l’auteur, à l’instar des auteurs français en Afrique du Nord, à essayer certains médicaments antipaludiques de synthèse, tels que la quinacrine et la paludrine. La quinacrine, employée seule ou en association avec un sel de quinine, est dépourvue de toute activité schizonticide ou gaméticide sur Theileria dispar de la Grèce.
Par contre, la paludrine ayant permis la guérison de 17 animaux traités précocement semble un excellent médicament antitheilérique à action schizonticide. Les doses du médicament utilisées au cours de ces essais furent de 2 à 3 g par injection intramusculaire. 2 à 3 injections pratiquées à 24 heures d’intervalle paraissent suffisantes pour obtenir l’effet stabilisant désiré.
Simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical thickness of Arctic stratus
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Loewe Katharina , Ehrlich André , Hoose Corinna , Wendisch Manfred 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Two-dimensional horizontal fields of cloud optical thickness τ derived
from airborne measurements of solar spectral, cloud-reflected radiance are
compared with semi-idealized large eddy simulations (LESs) of Arctic
stratus performed with the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling
(COSMO) atmospheric model. The measurements were collected during the
Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds (VERDI) campaign carried out in
Inuvik, Canada, in April/May 2012. The input for the LESs is obtained from
collocated airborne dropsonde observations of a persistent Arctic stratus
above the sea-ice-free Beaufort Sea. Simulations are performed for spatial
resolutions of 50 m (1.6 km × 1.6 km domain) and 100 m
(6.4 km × 6.4 km domain). Macrophysical cloud properties, such as
cloud top altitude and vertical extent, are well captured by the COSMO
simulations. However, COSMO produces rather homogeneous clouds compared to
the measurements, in particular for the simulations with coarser spatial
resolution. For both spatial resolutions, the directional structure of the
cloud inhomogeneity is well represented by the model. Differences between the
individual cases are mainly associated with the wind shear near cloud top and
the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. A sensitivity study
changing the wind velocity in COSMO by a vertically constant scaling factor
shows that the directional, small-scale cloud inhomogeneity structures can
range from 250 to 800 m, depending on the mean wind speed, if the simulated
domain is large enough to capture also large-scale structures, which then
influence the small-scale structures. For those cases, a threshold wind
velocity is identified, which determines when the cloud inhomogeneity stops
increasing with increasing wind velocity.
Trust and distrust in information systems at the workplace
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Meeßen Sarah M. , Hertel Guido 
Published: September 2018

Digitalization of work processes is advancing, and this is increasingly supported by complex information systems (IS). However, whether such systems are used by employees largely depends on users’ trust in these IS. Because there are few systematic studies on this topic, this research provides an initial exploration and validation of preconditions for trust in work-related IS. In Study 1, N = 30 professionals were asked to describe occupational incidents in which they had highly trusted or distrusted an IS. Content analysis of 111 critical incidents described in the in-depth interviews led to 12 predictors of trust and distrust in IS, which partly correspond to the structure of the established IS success model (Delone & McLean, 2003) but also exceed this structure. The resulting integrative model of trust in IS at work was validated in Study 2 using an online questionnaire with N = 179 professionals. Based on regression analyses, reliability (system quality) and credibility (information quality) of IS were identified as the most important predictors for both trust and distrust in IS at work. Contrasting analyses revealed diverging qualities of trust and distrust in IS : whereas well-being and performance were rated higher in trust events, experienced strain was rated higher in distrust events. Together, this study offers a first comprehensive model of trust in IS at work based on systematic empirical research. In addition to implications for theory advancement, we suggest practical implications for how to support trust and to avoid distrust in IS at work.
Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Encapsulated Ternary Metal‐Nitrides with Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Balamurugan Jayaraman , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo meet a fast‐emerging demand, flexible energy storage applications have a great interest in the development of highly flexible hierarchical nanoarchitectures. Metal nitrides have recently been paid a significant interest as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their high electrical conductivity, excellent redox properties, and outstanding mechanical strength. However, poor electrochemical stability seriously limits the commercialization possibilities. Herein, a novel strategy is presented for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped graphene encapsulated with ultrasmall nickel–cobalt nitride (NiCo2N) and nickel–iron nitride (NiFeN) core–shell architectures that are explored as advanced electrodes for flexible solid‐state SC. The flexible NiCo2N@NG//NiFeN@NG asymmetric SC delivers an ultrahigh energy density of ≈94.93 Wh kg−1 at 0.79 kW kg−1, exceptional power density (≈74.67 Wh kg−1 at 39.53 kW kg−1), and ultralong cycle life (≈5.07% drop in initial capacity after 25 000 cycles). These results promote the core–shell hybrids that can be served as advanced supercapacitor materials for flexible energy storage applications.
A Universal Strategy to Design Superior Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysts Based on Fast In Situ Reconstruction of Amorphous Nanofilm Precursors
Authors: Chen Gao , Hu Zhiwei , Zhu Yanping , Gu Binbin , Zhong Yijun , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of efficient bifunctional electrodes with extraordinary mass activity and robust stability is an eternal yet challenging goal for the water‐splitting process. Surface reconstruction during electrocatalysis can form fresh‐composition electrocatalysts with unusual amorphous phases in situ, which are more active but difficult to prepare by conventional methods. Here, a facile strategy based on fast reconstruction of amorphous nanofilm precursors is proposed for exploring precious‐metal‐free catalysts with good electronic conductivity, ultrahigh activity, and robust stability. As a proof of concept, an amorphous SrCo0.85Fe0.1P0.05O3−δ (SCFP) nanofilm precursor with weak chemical bonds deposited onto a conductive nickel foam (NF) substrate (SCFP‐NF) is synthesized by utilizing a high‐energy argon plasma to break the strong chemical bonds in a crystalline SCFP target. The quickly reconstructed SCFP‐NF bifunctional catalysts show ultrahigh mass activity of up to 1000 mA mg−1 at an overpotential of 550 mV and extremely long operational stability of up to 650 h at 10 mA cm−2, significantly overperforming state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal catalysts. Such a strategy is further demonstrated to be a universal method, which can be applied to accelerate the reconstruction of other material systems to obtain various efficient electrocatalysts.
Amorphous‐TiO2‐Encapsulated CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Composite Photocatalyst with Enhanced Charge Separation and CO2 Fixation
Authors: Xu Yang‐Fan , Wang Xu‐Dong , Liao Jin‐Feng , Chen Bai‐Xue , Chen Hong‐Yan , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArtificially photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals, responding to the call of carbon neutral economy, has aroused considerable interests so far. Among those photocatalysts screened, an emerging and promising alternative of inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite has recently been reported. Here, to attain preferable photocatalytic performance, an amorphous‐TiO2‐encapsulated CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (CsPbBr3 NC/a‐TiO2) hybrid is demonstrated through a solution processing strategy. After optimizing the a‐TiO2 matrix amount by tuning the tetrabutyl titanate precursor volume, the CsPbBr3 NC/a‐TiO2 composite exhibits a marvelous 6.5‐fold improvement on the consumption of photoelectrons in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction when compared with the individual CsPbBr3 NC. Such significant enhancement is ascribed to the accelerated electron–hole separation and the multiplied CO2 adsorption. Thus, as an available prototype, this work offers a rational encapsulation design for efficient halide perovskite photocatalyst.
Metal‐free Deoxygenative 2‐Amidation of Quinoline N‐oxides with Nitriles via a Radical Activation Pathway
Authors: Xie Long‐Yong , Peng Sha , Liu Fang , Yi Jin‐Yu , Wang Ming , Tang Zilong , Xu Xinhua , He Wei‐Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA metal‐, base‐ and reductant‐free approach for the efficient synthesis of various N‐acylated 2‐aminoquinolines was reported. In this work, readily available nitriles are used as the amide source, and methyl carbazate as both the radical activating reagent and oxygen source. This is the first report on the ester‐radical‐activated highly regioselective addition of nitriles to quinolone N‐oxides. This procedure is expected to complement the current methods for functionalization of N‐oxides via an electrophilic activation mechanism.magnified image
Energy‐Coupling Factor Transporters as Novel Antimicrobial Targets
Authors: Bousis Spyridon , Setyawati Inda , Diamanti Eleonora , Slotboom Dirk J. , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to find new antibiotics, novel ways of interfering with important biological functions should be explored, especially with those which are necessary or even irreplaceable for bacterial survival, growth, and virulence. The purpose of this review is to highlight B‐type vitamin transporters from the energy‐coupling factor (ECF) family, which are not present in humans, as potential antimicrobial targets. In addition, a druggability analysis of an ECF transporter for folic acid and sequence‐conservation studies in seven prominent pathogens revealed new druggable pockets. Evaluation of the presence of de novo biosynthetic routes for the vitamins in question in the seven pathogens confirmed that this target class holds promise for the discovery of antimicrobial drugs with a new mechanism of action, possibly on a broad‐spectrum level.
An Introduction to Influence Theory: Kinematics and Dynamics
Authors: Knuth Kevin H. , Walsh James L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInfluence theory is a foundational theory of physics that is not based on traditional empirically defined concepts, such as positions in space and time, mass, energy, or momentum. Instead, the aim is to derive these concepts, and their empirically determined relationships, from a more primitive model. It is postulated that there exist things, which are call particles, that influence one another in a discrete and directed fashion resulting in a partially ordered set of influence events. The problem of consistent quantification of the influence events is considered. Observers are modeled as particle chains (observer chains) as if an observer were able to track a particle and quantify the influence events that the particle experiences. From these quantified influence events, consistent quantification of the universe of events based on the observer chains is studied. Herein, the kinematics and dynamics of particles from the perspective of influence theory are both reviewed and further developed.
Wide‐Bandpass Filtering Due to Multipole Resonances of Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons
Authors: Zhang Xuanru , Bao Di , Liu Jun Feng , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWide‐bandpass filters are proposed based on multipole resonances of spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs). The resonance characteristics and geometric tunability of SLSPs are investigated under simulations and equivalent circuit modeling. Strong coupling with interlayer microstrip lines is proposed to join discrete multipole resonances into a continuous and flat passband. The SLSP filters exhibit wide‐passband features in compact sizes and well‐balanced shapes, while holding satisfactory suppression of spurious passband, group delays, and geometric tunability. This work exposes the SLSP application potential in filters as novel resonators.
The Borole Route to Reactive Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Diboranes(4)
Authors: Ge Fang , Tao Xin , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe β‐borylborole 3 adds phenylacetylene in a [4+2]‐cycloaddition to give the boryl‐substituted 7‐boranorbornadiene derivative 4 b. Thermolysis (60 °C) results in a rearrangement with B−B coupling to give the tetraaryldiborane(4) 6 b. It splits dihydrogen with cleavage of the B−B bond. With the terminal acetylene 1‐pentyne the diborane(4) compound 6 b undergoes a rare 1,1‐diboration reaction to yield the respective geminal diborylalkene product 14.
IR Signature of Size‐Selective CO2 Activation on Small Platinum Cluster Anions, Ptn− (n=4–7)
Authors: Green Alice E. , Justen Jasmin , Schöllkopf Wieland , Gentleman Alexander S. , Fielicke André , Mackenzie Stuart R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInfrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy (IR‐MPD) has been employed to determine the nature of CO2 binding to size‐selected platinum cluster anions, Ptn− (n=4–7). Interpreted in conjunction with density functional theory simulations, the results illustrate that the degree of CO2 activation can be controlled by the size of the metal cluster, with dissociative activation observed on all clusters n≥5. Of potential practical significance, in terms of the use of CO2 as a useful C1 feedstock, CO2 is observed molecularly‐bound, but highly activated, on the Pt4− cluster. It is trapped behind a barrier on the reactive potential energy surface which prevents dissociation.