bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial Cardiopathy and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study)
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Bartz Traci M. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Okin Peter M. , Thacker Evan L. , Patton Kristen K. , Stein Phyllis K. , deFilippi Christopher R. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Heckbert Susan R. , Kronmal Richard A. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Longstreth W.T. 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Emerging evidence suggests that an underlying atrial cardiopathy may result in thromboembolism before atrial fibrillation (AF) develops. We examined the association between various markers of atrial cardiopathy and the risk of ischemic stroke.

Methods—

The CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) prospectively enrolled community-dwelling adults ≥65 years of age. For this study, we excluded participants diagnosed with stroke or AF before baseline. Exposures were several markers of atrial cardiopathy: baseline P-wave terminal force in ECG lead V
1
, left atrial dimension on echocardiogram, and N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as well as incident AF. Incident AF was ascertained from 12-lead electrocardiograms at annual study visits for the first decade after study enrollment and from inpatient and outpatient Medicare data throughout follow-up. The primary outcome was incident ischemic stroke. We used Cox proportional hazards models that included all 4 atrial cardiopathy markers along with adjustment for demographic characteristics and established vascular risk factors.

Results—

Among 3723 participants who were free of stroke and AF at baseline and who had data on all atrial cardiopathy markers, 585 participants (15.7%) experienced an incident ischemic stroke during a median 12.9 years of follow-up. When all atrial cardiopathy markers were combined in 1 Cox model, we found significant associations with stroke for P-wave terminal force in ECG lead V
1
(hazard ratio per 1000 μV*ms 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.08), log-transformed NT-proBNP (hazard ratio per doubling of NT-proBNP, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.16), and incident AF (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.67–2.48) but not left atrial dimension (hazard ratio per cm, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.10).

Conclusions—
In addition to clinically apparent AF, other evidence of abnormal atrial substrate is associated with subsequent ischemic stroke. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that thromboembolism from the left atrium may occur in the setting of several different manifestations of atrial disease.
Patterns of Industrialisation and the State of Industrial Labour in Post-WTO-Accession Vietnam
Authors: Masina Pietro P. , Cerimele Michela 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Since the mid-2000s Vietnam has become an important manufacturing hub in garment and, increasingly, in electronics. However, the expansion of an FDI-dominated, export-oriented manufacturing did not contribute to a genuine national industrialisation process and the weight of manufacturing on GDP has actually declined. Low industrial wages (associated with poor working conditions) have emerged as a structural (rather than transitory) competitive factor for the country’s participation in global production networks.
Defining Single Extreme Weather Events in a Climate Perspective
Authors: Cattiaux Julien , Ribes Aurélien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWeather extremes are the showcase of climate variability. Given their societal and environmental impacts, they are of great public interest. The prevention of natural hazards, the monitoring of single events, and, more recently, their attribution to anthropogenic climate change constitute key challenges for both weather services and scientific communities. Before a single event can be scrutinized, it must be properly defined; in particular, its spatiotemporal characteristics must be chosen. So far, this definition is made with some degree of arbitrariness, yet it might affect conclusions when explaining an extreme weather event from a climate perspective. Here, we propose a generic road map for defining single events as objectively as possible. In particular, as extreme events are inherently characterized by a small probability of occurrence, we suggest selecting the space–time characteristics that minimize this probability. In this way, we are able to automatically identify the spatiotemporal scale at which the event has been the most extreme. According to our methodology, the European heat wave of summer 2003 would be defined as a 2-week event over France and Spain and the Boulder, Colorado, intense rainfall of September 2013 a 5-day local event. Importantly, we show that in both cases, maximizing the rarity of the event does not maximize (or minimize) its fraction of attributable risk to anthropogenic climate change.
On the Need to Modify the Sea Surface Roughness Formulation over Shallow Waters
Authors: Jiménez Pedro A. , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe wind stress formulation in an atmospheric model over shallow waters is investigated using year-long observations of the wind profile within the first 100 m of the atmosphere and mesoscale simulations. The model experiments use a range of planetary boundary layer parameterizations to quantify the uncertainty related to the turbulent closure assumptions and thus to isolate the dominant influence of the surface roughness formulation. Results indicate that a positive wind speed bias exists when common open-ocean formulations for roughness are adopted for a region with a water depth of 30 m. Imposition of a wind stress formulation that is consistent with previous shallow-water estimates is necessary to reconcile model wind speeds with observations, providing modeling evidence that supports the increase of surface drag over shallow waters. The possibility of including water depth in the parameterization of roughness length is examined.
Orographic Precipitation Response to Microphysical Parameter Perturbations for Idealized Moist Nearly Neutral Flow
Authors: Morales Annareli , Morrison Hugh , Posselt Derek J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study explores the sensitivity of clouds and precipitation to microphysical parameter perturbations using idealized simulations of moist, nearly neutral flow over a bell-shaped mountain. Numerous parameters are perturbed within the Morrison microphysics scheme. The parameters that most affect cloud and precipitation characteristics are the snow fall speed coefficient As, snow particle density ρs, rain accretion (WRA), and ice–cloud water collection efficiency (ECI). Surface precipitation rates are affected by As and ρs through changes to the precipitation efficiency caused by direct and indirect impacts on snow fall speed, respectively. WRA and ECI both affect the amount of cloud water removed, but the precipitation sensitivity differs. Large WRA results in increased precipitation efficiency and cloud water removal below the freezing level, indirectly decreasing cloud condensation rates; the net result is little precipitation sensitivity. Large ECI removes cloud water above the freezing level but with little influence on overall condensation rates. Two environmental experiments are performed to test the robustness of the results: 1) reduction of the wind speed profile by 30% (LowU) and 2) decreasing the surface potential temperature to induce a freezing level below the mountain top (LowFL). Parameter perturbations within LowU result in similar mechanisms acting on precipitation, but a much weaker sensitivity compared to the control. The LowFL case shows ρs is no longer a dominant parameter and As now induces changes to cloud condensation, since more of the cloud depth is present above the freezing level. In general, perturbations to microphysical parameters affect the location of peak precipitation, while the total amount of precipitation is more sensitive to environmental parameter perturbations.
Ocean and Ice Shelf Tides from CryoSat-2 Altimetry
Authors: Zaron Edward D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new empirical model of ocean tides has been developed for the Weddell Sea, south of 66°S, between 90°W and 0°, using six years of radar altimeter data from the CryoSat-2 satellite mission. Because of its long ground-track repeat period (368 days) and its diverse measurement modes, low-rate mode (LRM) over the ocean and synthetic aperture radar interferometric mode (SARin) over ice surfaces and parts of the ocean, the CryoSat-2 data pose a number of challenges for tidal analysis. The space and time sampling properties of the exact repeat, near-repeat, and crossover ground tracks have been analyzed to discover which tides may be estimated using a combination of conventional harmonic analysis and local spatial regression. Using this information, the M2, S2, K2, N2, K1, O1, P1, and Q1 tides have been mapped for both the ocean and floating ice shelves in this domain. Validation against independent in situ data, along with comparison with existing tide models, finds that the CryoSat-2-derived tides are consistent with previous estimates and that they are more accurate than other models at the M2 and S2 frequencies. The high inclination of the CryoSat-2 orbit causes the orbit plane to precess relatively slowly, which leads to significantly less accurate estimates of the K2 tide. This purely empirical model ought to provide improved tidal corrections for studies of low-frequency variability and secular trends in ice shelf thickness, and it suggests that further increases in quantitative accuracy could be achieved by assimilation of CryoSat-2 data into dynamical tide models.
Improving Winter Storm Forecasts with Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). Part I: An Idealized Case Study of Three U.S. Storms
Authors: Peevey Tanya R. , English Jason M. , Cucurull Lidia , Wang Hongli , Kren Andrew C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Severe weather events can have a significant impact on local communities because of the loss of life and property. Forecast busts associated with high-impact weather events have been attributed to initial condition errors over data-sparse regions, such as the Pacific Ocean. Numerous flight campaigns have found that targeted observations over these areas can improve forecasts. To better understand the impacts of measurement type and sampling domains on forecast performance, observing system simulation experiments are performed using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) with hybrid 3DEnVar data assimilation and the ECMWF T511 nature run. First, three types of simulated perfect dropsonde observations (temperature, specific humidity, and wind) are assimilated into the GFS over a large idealized sampling domain covering the Pacific Ocean. For the three winter storms studied, forecast error was found to be significantly reduced with all three types of measurements providing the most benefit (%–15% reduction in error). Instances when forecasts are not improved are investigated and concluded to be due to challenging meteorological structures, such as cutoff lows and interactions with atmospheric structures outside the sampling domain. Second, simulated dropsondes are assimilated over sensitive areas and flight tracks established using the ensemble transform sensitivity (ETS) technique. For all three winter storms, forecast error is reduced up to 5%, which is less than that found using an idealized domain. These results suggest that targeted observations over the Pacific Ocean may provide a small improvement to winter storm forecasts over the United States.
Utility of Eating Assessment Tool–10 in Predicting Aspiration in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Zuniga Steven A. , Ebersole Barbara , Jamal Nausheen 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveExamine the incidence of penetration/aspiration in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility and investigate the relationship with self‐reported perception of dysphagia.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic cancer center.Subjects and MethodsAdult patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 were reviewed. Patients were stratified into an aspiration group and a nonaspiration group using objective findings on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, as scored using Rosenbek's Penetration Aspiration Scale. Objective findings were compared to patient perception of dysphagia. Bivariate linear correlation analysis was performed to evaluate correlation between Eating Assessment Tool–10 scores and presence of aspiration. Tests of diagnostic accuracy were calculated to investigate the predictive value of Eating Assessment Tool–10 scores >9 on aspiration risk.ResultsOf the 35 patients with new‐onset unilateral vocal fold immobility were evaluated, 25.7% (9/35) demonstrated tracheal aspiration. Mean ± SD Eating Assessment Tool–10 scores were 19.2 ± 13.7 for aspirators and 7.0 ± 7.8 for nonaspirators (P =. 016). A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between increasing Eating Assessment Tool–10 scores and Penetration Aspiration Scale scores (r = 0.511, P =. 002). Diagnostic accuracy analysis for aspiration risk in patients with an Eating Assessment Tool–10 score >9 revealed a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 73.1%.ConclusionPatient perception of swallowing difficulty may have utility in predicting aspiration risk. An EAT–10 of >9 in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility may portend up to a 5 times greater risk of aspiration. Routine swallow testing to assess for penetration/aspiration may be indicated in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility.
Adverse Events and Time to Diagnosis of In‐Office Laryngeal Biopsy Procedures
Authors: Cohen Jacob T. , Bishara Taiser , Trushin Vladimir , Benyamini Limor 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the adverse events and time to diagnosis of in‐office laryngeal biopsy (IOB) procedures.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinic–tertiary referral medical center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 390 IOBs were included in this study. Data on demographic characteristics, outcomes, and complications were collected. Complications were classified as severe—necessitating further intervention or admission—or mild and self‐limited. Delay in diagnosis, assessed as a complication of IOB, was calculated as the time from initial examination to final diagnosis.ResultsOf 390 IOBs, 4 (1%) had complications: epistaxis (n = 2), vocal fold hematoma (n = 1), and aspiration event (n = 1). There were no reports of complications at follow‐up. The sensitivity of IOB versus direct laryngoscopy biopsies was 77.8%, and the specificity was 95.1%. When the IOB showed malignancy as a final diagnosis, time to diagnosis was 10.7 days (95% CI, 8.6‐12.8). When IOB pathology results changed from benign or carcinoma in situ to malignant (squamous cell carcinoma) by direct laryngoscopy, time to diagnosis was longer: 49.1 days (95% CI, 38.1‐60.1) and 36.1 days (95% CI, 15.1‐57.1; P <. 05), respectively.ConclusionsIn this cohort, IOBs appear to be free of significant adverse events. IOBs for suspicious laryngeal lesions shorten the time to diagnosis and treatment for the majority of patients; the minority showed a small and insignificant delay.
Conditions Required for a Hybrid Artificial Liver Support System using a PUF/Hepatocyte-Spheroid Packed-Bed Module and it's use in Dogs with Liver Failure
Authors: Ijima H. , Nakazawa K. , Koyama S. , Kaneko M. , Matsushita T. , Gion T. , Shirabe K. , Shimada M. , Takenaka K. , Sugimachi K. , Funatsu K. 
Published: March 2018

We studied the effects of a hybrid artificial liver support system we developed on dogs with hepatic failure. The system consisted of a multi-channel polyurethane foam packed-bed culture module, including primary dog hepatocyte spheroids. Blood ammonia was well metabolized by 20 g hepatocytes, but the other functions such as glucose concentration, total bile acid concentration, and survival time required 30 g hepatocytes to improve conditions. We found that we should use a culture substratum that easily forms spheroids, and that an artificial liver module should be used as soon as possible after spheroid formation by hepatocytes in the module.
Investigation of Bilirubin Removal by NK-110 Resin Hemoperfusion in Jaundiced Dogs
Authors: Ji-Chang S. , Shao-Cheng Q. , Chen-Yang Z. , Fu-Hua N. , Shao-Ming H. , Tao L. , Run-Hai C. , Chang-Zhi C. , Ming-Rong T. , Hui-Ming W. , Yao-Ting Y. 
Published: March 2018

A jaundiced dog model was made by common bile duct-inferior vena cava shunt with a silicon rubber tube. Blood bilirubin levels increased from 0.25 ± 0.16 (SD) mg% to 15 ± 1.4 (SD) mg%. These dog models were treated with a column containing 200 gm of macroreticular resin NK-110 which was linked between the femoral artery and vein. The rate of blood flow through the column was 200 ml/min. It was shown that total bilirubin reduced from 15 ± 1.4 (SD) to 7.4 ± 0.61 (SD), conjugated bilirubin decreased from 6.97 ± 0.63 to 3.5 ± 0.33 (SD) and unconjugated bilirubin from 7.8 ± 2.1 to 4.2 ± 0.4 (SD). There were no significant changes in protein, electrolyte, blood gases and acid base balance. Results show that NK-110 resin has good blood-compatible and adsorption properties.
Influence of Dialysis Membranes on the Convective Transport of Middle Molecules
Authors: de Francisco A.L. M. , Gordillo J. , Cotorruelo J.G. , Ruiz L. , Gonzalez M. , Morales P. , Arias M. 
Published: March 2018

Ultrafiltrates from 10 patients in chronic maintenance hemodialysis (7 males and 3 females) were obtained simultaneously using three different membranes: cuprophan, polyacrilonitrile and polysulfone. Middle molecules (MM) chromatographic profiles and total MM amount were determined by gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The convective transport of MM was similar and not membrane related. Hemofiltration, a predominantly convective solute transfer procedure using high flux membranes such as polyacrilonitrile and polysulfone, in which large amounts of fluids have to be ultrafiltered, is an effective form of MM removal.
Calcification of Chemically Treated Bovine Pericardium
Authors: Gatti A.M. , Galloni M. , Monari E. , Noera G. , Pasquino E. , Vallana F. 
Published: March 2018

One of the most important problems arising in cardiac bioprostheses made with bovine pericardium and, more generally, with biologically-derived tissues is tissue calcification. The present study assessed four chemical treatments on patches of bovine pericardium, intended to avoid or minimize calcification. Pericardium specimens were treated with: A) 0.5% glutaraldehyde; B) 0.5% glutaraldehyde + 4% formaldehyde; C) same as A, but with a further neutralization treatment; D) acylation of fresh bovine pericardium. Circular samples of 1 cm diameter were subcutaneously implanted in the abdominal region of three groups of six rats. The explants were retrieved after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The calcium content and the histological results showed better behaviour for C and D samples than with the commonly used fixation methods (A and B). The lowest calcification was observed with treatment D, even though its morphological structures were somewhat modified with homogenation of collagen bundles. Among the glutaraldehyde-based treatments, treatment C appears to be the most promising because the pericardium shows slower calcium accumulation with a diffusive pattern.
Neutrophil CD64 expression, procalcitonin and presepsin are useful to differentiate infections from flares in SLE patients with SIRS
Authors: Echeverri A , Naranjo-Escobar J , Posso-Osorio I , Aguirre-Valencia D , Zambrano D , Castaño G L , Martínez J D , Cañas C A , Tobón G J 
Published: March 2018

Background/Objective Differentiating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity from infections in febrile patients is difficult because of similar initial clinical presentation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a number of biomarkers for differentiating infections from activity in SLE patients admitted with systemic inflammatory response (SIRS). Methods Patients with SLE and SIRS admitted to the emergency room were included in this study. Measurements of different markers including procalcitonin, neutrophil CD64 expression and presepsin, were performed. Infection was considered present when positive cultures and/or polymerase chain reaction were obtained. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for all biomarkers. Results Twenty-seven patients were admitted, 23 women (82.5%), mean age 33.2 years. An infectious disease was confirmed in 12 cases. Markers for SLE activity including anti-DNA titers by IIF ( p = 0.041) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( p = 0.009) were used for differentiating SLE flares from infection. On the contrary, increased procalcitonin ( p = 0.047), neutrophil CD64 expression by flow cytometry ( p = 0.037) and presepsin ( p = 0.037) levels were observed in infected SLE patients. Conclusions High neutrophil CD64 expression, presepsin and procalcitonin levels are useful to differentiate infections from activity in SLE patients. In most cases, a positive bioscore that includes these three markers demonstrate the presence of an infectious disease.
The Vascular Access Questionnaire: Assessing Patient-Reported Views of Vascular Access
Authors: Quinn R.R. , Lamping D.L. , Lok C.E. , Meyer R.A. , Hiller J.A. , Lee J. , Richardson E.P. , Kiss A. , Oliver M.J. 
Published: March 2018

Background The use of central venous catheters for vascular access in hemodialysis (HD) patients is associated with an increased risk of complications compared to arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Despite this, catheter use remains high and patient satisfaction may be an important driver of catheter use. Methods We developed the Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ) to measure patient-reported views of their vascular access. Chronic HD patients at two centers were asked to rate how bothered they were by 17 access-related problems. VAQ symptom scores were compared between patients using catheters and those using fistulas for vascular access. Results Two hundred and twenty-two patients were eligible for the study. Symptom score was not different between patients using catheters and those using fistulas (p=0.36). However, patients using fistulas were more likely to be at least moderately bothered by pain, bleeding, bruising, swelling, and the appearance of their access than patients using catheters. Elderly patients reported lower symptom scores with catheters than fistulas. Conclusions Patients appear to be primarily concerned with the appearance of their access and cannulation-related complications, particularly the elderly. Better education about the risk of adverse events with catheters and the implementation of measures aimed at reducing cannulation-related complications may help to increase fistula rates and improve patient satisfaction with their vascular access.
A Stuck Hemodialysis Central venous Catheter
Authors: Field M. , Pugh J. , Asquith J. , Davies S. , Pherwani A.D. 
Published: March 2018

Background A growing number of hemodialysis patients are dependent upon central venous catheters (CVCs) for long-term vascular access. Although many complications of CVCs have been documented, the phenomenon of the stuck catheter is described relatively infrequently. Case report We describe a case where attempts to remove the line by exploration of the jugular insertion site in theater were unsuccessful and the line was internalized. Discussion The case is then discussed with all available cases in the literature to suggest principles of managing and preventing the stuck catheter phenomenon.