bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heracleum sosnowskyi seed development under the effect of exogenous application of GA3
Authors: Koryznienė Dalia , Jurkonienė Sigita , Žalnierius Tautvydas , Gavelienė Virgilija , Jankovska-Bortkevič Elžbieta , Bareikienė Nijolė , Būda Vincas 
Published: May 2019

Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of exogenous gibberellin on fleshy fruit formation, but the effect on dry fruits is not yet well known. To test the role of gibberellin (GA3) in dry fruit formation, we analysed the impact of exogenous GA3 on the invasive plant Sosnowsky’s hogweed (H. sosnowskyi Manden.) seed development and germination. Treatment of GA3 concentrations of 0.07 mM, 0.14 mM, 0.28 mM, 0.43 mM was applied to flowers at the early stage of development. Seeds were collected from treated satellite umbels. It was observed that GA3treatment did not have a significant effect on the size of H. sosnowskyi seeds, but caused various changes in their shape. The data on semi-thin longitudinal sections of H. sosnowskyi mericarps and SEM micrographs of embryos showed that the embryos in GA3 (0.43 mM) treated variants were at torpedo stage, while in control variants—mature embryos. The germination of seeds of each variant was estimated by burying them in the soil. Our studies indicated that GA3 application reduced the germination of H. sosnowskyi seed from 98.0% (control) to 16.5% (GA3 concentration 0.43 mM). It was assumed that exogenous application of GA3 had influence on the development of dry Sosnowsky’s hogweed seeds and could be used to inhibit the spread of this invasive plant.
Effect of Different Freezing Rates on Post-Thaw Semen Quality in Yak
Authors: Borah B. K. D. , Deka B. C. , Biswas R. K. , Deori S. , Chakravarty P. , Ahmed K. , Sinha S. 
Published: May 2019

A study was conducted on yak semen to evaluate the effect of different freezing rates on the quality of frozen semen. The semen was frozen following three freezing rates viz., Freezing rate I (@ 5ºC/minute from +4oC to -10oC, @ 40ºC/minute from -10ºC to -100ºC and @ 20ºC/minute from -100ºC to -140ºC), II (@ 4ºC/minute from +4ºC to -12ºC, @ 40ºC/minute from -12ºC to -40ºC and @ 50ºC/minute from -40ºC to -140ºC and III (@ 5oC/minute from +4ºC to -10ºC, @50ºC/minute from -10ºC to -100ºC and @ 20ºC/minute from -100oC to -140ºC). The sperm motility, live sperm, HOST-reacted sperm, total incidence of acrosomal changes and extracellular release of Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase of yak semen extended in Tris extender differed significantly (P <0.01) between stages of processing and freezing but did not differ significantly between freezing rates and due to stage × freezing rate interaction. Analysis of variance revealed that in frozen semen, a freezing rate significantly (P<0.05) influenced the percentage of live sperm with Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) but did not significantly influence the percentage of sperm with DNA damage. The percentage of live sperm with MMP in frozen semen was significantly higher for freezing rate III than for freezing rate II but the difference between freezing rates I and III was not significant.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Looked through the Lens of 11 Cases Managed by Myofascial Trigger Point Massage Therapy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qureshi Naseem Akhtar , Alsubai Hamoud Abdullah , Alharbi Mohammed Khulaif 
Published: May 2019

Background: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common pain condition characterized by a key symptoms and signs, determined by multiple etiologies, comorbid with a variety of systemic diseases and regional pain syndromes and managed by diverse therapies with variable outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to concisely report 11 cases of myofascial pain syndrome managed by myofascial trigger point therapy.
Methods: The relevant information about 11 cases was collected prospectively using a semistructured proforma. All patients were diagnosed mainly by detailed history and gold standard palpation method that helps identify taut muscles, tender myofascial trigger points, local twitch response and autonomic manifestations.
Results: Most of the patients with variable age and profession presented in emergency room with acute pain, limited motion, weakness, referred pain of specific pattern and associated autonomic signs and symptoms. Myofascial trigger point therapy alone with a timeline of about 30-60 minutes of 1-3sessions brought about good results in all 11 patients (100%) who remained stable at two to three months followup.
Conclusion: Myofascial pain syndrome linked with latent or active myofascial trigger points developed due to repeated strains and injuries needs to be diagnosed by history and palpation method, systemic evaluation and laboratory investigations. Though several interventions are used in myofascial pain syndrome, myofascial trigger point massage therapy alone is found to be reasonably effective with excellent results. This clinical case series is calling for double-blind randomized controlled trials among patients with myofascial pain syndrome not only in Saudi Arabia but also in other Middle East countries in future.
Realization of the standard cabinet as “equipment” by Le Corbusier: the transformation of the “wall”
Authors: Sendai Shoichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper clarifies Le Corbusier's (1887‐1965) spatial composition of standard cabinets as “equipment,” and it discusses the notion of “decor” in the 20th century. In his private house projects, Le Corbusier experimented with the standard cabinet as a partition separated from walls. However, he also examined cabinets incorporated into walls. Le Corbusier's realization of standard cabinets as expanded to both poles created a new notion of a “wall” and this was continued as methodology in the decorative arts.
Dynamic Risk Prediction
Authors: Rizopoulos Dimitris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A key question in clinical practice is accurate prediction of patient prognosis. To this end, nowadays, physicians have at their disposal a variety of tests and biomarkers to aid them in optimizing medical care. These tests are often performed on a regular basis in order to closely follow the progression of the disease. In this setting, it is of interest to optimally utilize the recorded information and provide medically relevant summary measures, such as survival probabilities, that will aid in decision making. In this work, we present two statistical techniques that provide dynamically updated estimates of survival probabilities, namely landmark analysis and joint models for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data.
Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Authors: Geller Nancy L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pragmatic clinical trials have received much attention recently as they promise applicability to “real‐world” subjects (often patients). This article begins with a few examples of pragmatic trials. Pragmatic trials mean different things to different people, and we describe and discuss the PRECIS criteria, which attempted to pin down a definition. Some statistical considerations that PRECIS did not consider are added and the pros and cons of being pragmatic are discussed. It is concluded that to draw valid conclusions from pragmatic trials, some features of explanatory trials may be discarded, but others had best be maintained.
Natural Vermiculite Enables High‐Performance in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries via Electrical Double Layer Effects
Authors: Wu Feixiang , Lv Haifeng , Chen Shuangqiang , Lorger Simon , Srot Vesna , Oschatz Martin , van Aken Peter A. , Wu Xiaojun , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries with potentially high specific energy are viewed as very promising candidates for next‐generation lightweight and low‐cost rechargeable batteries. However, sulfur‐based cathodes suffer from dissolution of polysulfides causing shuttle effects. Here, in order to confine elemental sulfur and anchor the polysulfides, a novel host that is an inexpensive natural clay mineral, viz., vermiculite is proposed. When compared to regular carbon–sulfur composites, vermiculite–sulfur composites offer promising rate capability and much better cycling stabilities, displaying capacity retentions of ≈89 and ≈93% within 200 cycles at C/2 and 1 C, respectively, and ≈60 % at C/5 within 1000 cycles. Postmortem studies, advanced adsorption tests, density functional theory calculations, and zeta potential measurements in combination with intrinsic characteristics of the natural vermiculite provide insights into the new mechanism. The vermiculite contains naturally present surface cations which show a strong tendency to adsorb Sn2− anions, hence protecting them from dissolution. The excess surface charge is most probably compensated by excess Li+ in the space charge zones which is beneficial for charge transfer and local conductivity. The reported results show that natural clay‐minerals are promising sulfur hosts being able to fixate sulfides via electrical double layer effects, thus enabling high‐performance in lithium–chalcogen batteries.
Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics
Authors: Li Hui , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, which present intrinsic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic ground states at finite temperatures down to atomic‐layer thicknesses, open a new horizon in materials science and enable the potential development of new spin‐related applications. The layered structure of vdW magnets facilitates their atomic‐layer cleavability and magnetic anisotropy, which counteracts spin fluctuations, thereby providing an ideal platform for theoretically and experimentally exploring magnetic phase transitions in the 2D limit. With reduced dimensions, the susceptibility of 2D magnets to a large variety of external stimuli also makes them more promising than their bulk counterpart in various device applications. Here, the current status of characterization and tuning of the magnetic properties of 2D vdW magnets, particularly the atomic‐layer thickness, is presented. Various state‐of‐the‐art optical and electrical techniques have been applied to reveal the magnetic states of 2D vdW magnets. Other emerging 2D vdW magnets and future perspectives on the stacking strategy are also given; it is believed that they will excite more intensive research and provide unprecedented opportunities in the field of spintronics.
2D Freestanding Janus Gold Nanocrystal Superlattices
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Gómez Daniel E. , Dong Dashen , Sikdar Debabrata , Fu Runfang , Liu Yiyi , Zhao Yumeng , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract2D freestanding nanocrystal superlattices represent a new class of advanced metamaterials in that they can integrate mechanical flexibility with novel optical, electrical, plasmonic, and magnetic properties into one multifunctional system. The freestanding 2D superlattices reported to date are typically constructed from symmetrical constituent building blocks, which have identical structural and functional properties on both sides. Here, a general ligand symmetry‐breaking strategy is reported to grow 2D Janus gold nanocrystal superlattice sheets with nanocube morphology on one side yet with nanostar on the opposite side. Such asymmetric metallic structures lead to distinct wetting and optical properties as well as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects. In particular, the SERS enhancement of the nanocube side is about 20‐fold of that of the nanostar side, likely due to the combined “hot spot + lightening‐rod” effects. This is nearly 700‐fold of SERS enhancement as compared with the symmetric nanocube superlattices without Janus structures.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Paniculatine
Authors: Liu Jian , Chen Sheng , Li Ningning , Qiu Fayang G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe total synthesis of (+)‐paniculatine, a unique structure in Lycopodium alkaloids, has been achieved starting from two known intermediates. The efficiency of the present synthesis depends on a few key elements including Hosomi‐Sakurai allylation and an unusual intramolecular Michael addition of an enolate to an unsaturated amide.magnified image
Flexible and Transparent Aluminum‐Nitride‐Based Surface‐Acoustic‐Wave Device on Polymeric Polyethylene Naphthalate
Authors: Lamanna Leonardo , Rizzi Francesco , Guido Francesco , Algieri Luciana , Marras Sergio , Mastronardi Vincenzo Mariano , Qualtieri Antonio , De Vittorio Massimo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of wearable technology increasingly requires bendable sensing devices operating across multiple domains for opto‐electro‐mechanical and biochemical transduction. Piezoelectric materials integrated into flexible and transparent device architectures can enable multiple‐sensing platforms. It is shown that flexible and compliant surface‐acoustic‐wave (SAW) piezoelectric devices include all these features and can be applied to the human body. A flexible and transparent aluminum‐nitride‐(AlN)‐based SAW device on a thermoplastic polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate, fabricated by low‐temperature sputtering deposition of a multilayered AlN‐based stack, is reported for the first time. Two resonant modes, corresponding to Rayleigh and Lamb wave propagation, are shown and compared with a control SAW device on a silicon substrate. A large transmission‐signal amplitude, up to 20 dB, is achieved for the Lamb resonance mode around 500 MHz at an acoustic velocity of 10 500 m s−1. The technology is applied to the fabrication of a wearable temperature sensor. Compared to the same piezoelectric stack and SAW technology onto silicon substrates, the AlN/PEN SAW shows better performance and a temperature coefficient frequency as high as ≈810 ppm °C−1. The potential of this flexible SAW device as a wearable temperature sensor based on Rayleigh modes is demonstrated.
S‐Doped Graphene‐Regional Nucleation Mechanism for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Tianshuai , Zhai Pengbo , Legut Dominik , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaopeng , Li Bixuan , Dong Chenxi , Fan Yanchen , Gong Yongji , Zhang Qianfan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium metal is the most promising anode material for next‐generation batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been plagued by the issues of uncontrollable lithium deposition. The multifunctional nanostructured anode can modulate the initial nucleation process of lithium before the extension of dendrites. By combing the theoretical design and experimental validation, a novel nucleation strategy is developed by introducing sulfur (S) to graphene. Through first‐principles simulations, it is found that S atom doping can improve the Li adsorption ability on a large area around the S doping positions. Consequently, S‐doped graphene with five lithiophilic sites rather than a single atomic site can serve as the pristine nucleation area, reducing the uneven Li deposition and improving the electrochemical performance. Modifying Li metal anodes by S‐doped graphene enables an ultralow overpotential of 5.5 mV, a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99% over more than 180 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 for 1.0 mAh cm−2, and a high areal capacity of 3 mAh cm−2. This work sheds new light on the rational design of nucleation area materials for dendrite‐free LMB.
Advanced Alkali Treatments for High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Carron Romain , Nishiwaki Shiro , Feurer Thomas , Hertwig Ramis , Avancini Enrico , Löckinger Johannes , Yang Shih‐Chi , Buecheler Stephan , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlexible, lightweight Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells grown on polymer substrates are a promising technology with fast growing market prospects. However, power conversion efficiencies of solar cells grown at low temperatures (≈450 °C) remain below the efficiencies of cells grown at high temperature on glass substrates. This contribution discusses the impact on cell efficiency of process improvements of low‐temperature CIGS deposition on flexible polyimide and glass substrates. Different strategies for incorporation of alkali elements into CIGS are evaluated based on a large number of depositions. Postdeposition treatment with heavy alkali (here RbF) enables a thickness reduction of the CdS buffer layer and increases the open‐circuit voltage. Na supply during 3rd stage CIGS deposition positively impacts the cell performance. Coevaporation of heavy alkali (e.g., RbF) during capping layer deposition mitigates the adverse shunting associated with high Cu contents, yielding highest efficiencies with near‐stoichiometric absorber compositions. Furthermore, optimization of the deposition sequence results in absorbers with a 1 µm wide notch region with nearly constant bandgap minimum. The improved processes result in a record cell efficiency of 20.8% for CIGS on flexible substrate.
On the Functionality of Coatings for Cathode Active Materials in Thiophosphate‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Culver Sean P. , Koerver Raimund , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe last decade has seen considerable advancements in the development of solid electrolytes for solid‐state battery applications, with particular attention being paid to sulfide superionic conductors. Importantly, the intrinsic electrochemical instability of these high‐performance separators highlights the notion that further progress in the field of solid‐state batteries is contingent on the optimization of component material interfaces in order to secure high energy and power densities, while maintaining device safety and a practical cycle life. On the cathode side, the need for a protective coating to inhibit solid electrolyte degradation is clear; however, a mechanistic understanding of the coating functionality remains unresolved, and there is still much room for improvement regarding the methodology and associated material properties. Herein, the essential requirements for a suitable coating are specified and fundamental considerations are discussed in detail. Additionally, this article will provide an overview of the various material classes, assessment protocols and practical coating methods, as well as an outlook on the development of coatings for cathode active materials in thiophosphate‐based solid‐state batteries.
Alternating Array Stacking of Ag26Au and Ag24Au Nanoclusters
Authors: He Lizhong , Gan Zibao , Xia Nan , Liao Lingwen , Wu Zhikun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn assembly strategy for metal nanoclusters using electrostatic interactions with weak interactions, such as C−H⋅⋅⋅π and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions in which cationic [Ag26Au(2‐EBT)18(PPh3)6]+ and anionic [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]− nanoclusters gather and assemble in an unusual alternating array stacking structure is presented. [Ag26Au(2‐EBT)18(PPh3)6]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]− is a new compound type, a double nanocluster ion compound (DNIC). A single nanocluster ion compound (SNIC) [PPh4]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]− was also synthesized, having a k‐vector‐differential crystallographic arrangement. [PPh4]+ [Ag24Au(2,4‐DMBT)18]− adopts a different assembly mode from both [Ag26Au(2‐EBT)18(PPh3)6]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]− and [PPh4]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]−. Thus, the striking packing differences of [Ag26Au(2‐EBT)18(PPh3)6]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]−, [PPh4]+ [Ag24Au(2‐EBT)18]− and the existing [PPh4]+ [Ag24Au(2,4‐DMBT)18]− from each other indicate the notable influence of ligands and counterions on the self‐assembly of nanoclusters.
Lactone Synthesis by Enantioselective Orthogonal Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Mishra Sourabh , Aponick Aaron 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report enantioselective orthogonal tandem catalysis for the one pot conversion of Meldrum's acid derivatives and alkynes into δ‐lactones. This new transformation, which resembles a formal [4+2] cycloaddition with concomitant decarboxylation and loss of acetone, proceeds in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) over a broad substrate scope. The products are densely functionalized and ripe for further transformations, as demonstrated here by both ring‐opening reactions and reduction to saturated lactones. It was discovered that a new and serendipitously formed AgI‐Me‐StackPhos complex efficiently catalyzes the highly selective 6‐endo‐dig cyclization, completely reversing the regiochemistry that has been previously reported in related systems. More generally, in this study we identify a pair of compatible catalysts for alkyne difunctionalization that operate concurrently, which enable the alkyne to act as both a nucleophile and an electrophile in sequential one‐pot transformations.
Syntheses and Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Cationic Bis(phosphine) Cobalt(I) Diene and Arene Compounds
Authors: Zhong Hongyu , Friedfeld Max R. , Chirik Paul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChloride abstraction from [(R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(μ‐Cl)]2 with NaBArF4 (BArF4=B[(3,5‐(CF3)2)C6H3]4) in the presence of dienes, such as 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD) or norbornadiene (NBD), yielded long sought‐after cationic bis(phosphine) cobalt complexes, [(R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(η2,η2‐diene)][BArF4]. The COD complex proved substitutionally labile undergoing diene substitution with tetrahydrofuran, NBD, or arenes. The resulting 18‐electron, cationic cobalt(I) arene complexes, as well as the [(R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(diene)][BArF4] derivatives, proved to be highly active and enantioselective precatalysts for asymmetric alkene hydrogenation. A cobalt–substrate complex, [(R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(MAA)][BArF4] (MAA=methyl 2‐acetamidoacrylate) was crystallographically characterized as the opposite diastereomer to that expected for productive hydrogenation demonstrating a Curtin–Hammett kinetic regime similar to rhodium catalysis.
Catalytic Synthesis of Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) through Chemoselective Cross‐Coupling with a Bifunctional Reagent
Authors: Wu Dino , Fohn Nicole A. , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPotassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) are increasingly important functional groups, and general methods for their preparation are of great current interest. We report a bifunctional iminium reagent bearing both a tin nucleophile and a trifluoroborate, which was applied in chemoselective Pd0‐catalyzed Migita–Kosugi–Stille cross‐coupling reactions owith aryl and vinyl halides. This method gives access to previously inaccessible aromatic and α,β‐unsaturated acyltrifluoroborates, including precursors to amino‐acid derived KATs.
Exploring the electro‐optical properties of conjugated polymers based on oligo‐selenophene and oligo(3,4‐ethylenedioxyselenophene)
Authors: Mahdavifar Zabiollah , Tajdinan Samira , Shakerzadeh Ehsan 
Published: May 2019

For seeking high‐efficiency narrow‐band‐gap donor materials to enhance short‐circuit current density for organic solar cells, a series of oligo‐selenophene (OS) and oligo(3,4‐ethylenedioxyselenophene) (OEDOS) with various chain lengths were designed and characterized using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations. Based on the results, it can be seen that with increasing chain length of the oligomers in both syn‐ and anti‐adding manners, the bond length alternation is decreased which indicates that the π‐electron delocalization is increased. Also, when the chain length is increased the electronic energy gap and the optical energy gap are decreased. It can be concluded that the syn‐(OS)n=10,14,15, anti‐(OS)n=14 and anti‐(OEDOS)n=7–12 oligomers can act as low‐band‐gap polymers. Therefore they can absorb more sunlight based on maximum wavelength (higher than 620 nm). Furthermore, a red shift in the simulated absorption spectra of (OS)n and (OEDOS)n donors is observed. It is found that (OS)n=14,15 with syn configuration of the extended oligomers is the most suitable donor for the design of high‐performance organic solar cells possessing a narrow electronic band gap, high exciton lifetime and broad and intense absorption spectra that cover the solar spectrum leading to complete light‐harvesting efficiency.