bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II trial of BMS-986205 and nivolumab as first-line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Chen Justin , Ji Jingran , Cho May Thet , Monjazeb Arta , Gholami Sepideh , Kim Edward Jae-Hoon 
Published: July 2019

TPS57 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide and incidence is rising. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are approved for first-line use in unresectable HCC; however, survival benefit remains low. Nivolumab, a human monoclonal antibody to programmed death-1 (PD1) receptor, has been approved as second-line therapy in patients with unresectable HCC refractory to sorafenib. BMS-986205 selectively inhibits human indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an intracellular enzyme expressed in various malignancies that promotes immune tolerance. Thus, the combination of PD-1 antibody and IDO1 inhibitor is a promising strategy to augment immunotherapy against HCC. We aim to evaluate the combination of BMS-986205 with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks in unresectable and metastatic HCC. Methods: Primary objectives were to identify tolerable dosing of BMS-986205, and to evaluate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of combination therapy, the latter defined by objective response rate. Secondary objectives were to evaluate disease control rate, duration of response, progression free survival, and overall survival. Phase I (dose escalation phase) will monitor two dose levels of BMS-986205: 50mg daily with conditional escalation to 100mg daily depending on dose-limiting toxicity. Phase II (expansion phase) will begin after maximum tolerated dose is reached. The phase II cohort will be run as a Simon two-stage design to allow for early trial stoppage for futility. Estimated study duration is 36 months with a 24-month accrual period for a total of 17 patients. Patients will be followed for 100 days after the last dose of treatment or until all treatment-related clinical toxicities resolve to baseline or grade ≤ 1. Assessments prior to therapy include imaging, tissue biopsy, serum correlatives, and stool samples. Tissue biopsy will be repeated at 4 weeks. Imaging will be repeated at 8 and 16 weeks, then every 12 weeks until end of treatment. Serum correlatives will be repeated intermittently throughout. At progression, imaging, tissue biopsy, and serum correlatives will be repeated. Data will be reported using 95% confidence intervals, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and frequency tables. Clinical trial information: NCT03695250.
JAVELIN ovarian PARP 100 study design: Phase III trial of avelumab + chemotherapy followed by avelumab + talazoparib maintenance in previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Eskander Ramez Nassef , Ledermann Jonathan A. , Birrer Michael J. , Fujiwara Keiichi , Gaillard Stephanie , Richardson Gary Edward , Wei Caimiao , Baig Mahadi Ali , Zohren Fabian , Monk Bradley J. 
Published: July 2019

TPS9 Background: Preclinical studies suggest that chemotherapy (CTX) and PARP inhibitors may increase tumor antigenicity, providing a rationale for combined treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in patients (pts) with ovarian cancer (OC). Talazoparib is a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor with a dual mechanism (PARP trapping and enzyme inhibition) that has shown clinical activity in BRCA-mutated OC and is a US-approved treatment for BRCA-mutated HER2– breast cancer. Avelumab is an anti–PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and advanced platinum-treated urothelial carcinoma. In phase 1b studies, avelumab showed antitumor activity and acceptable safety in pts with platinum-resistant OC. The JAVELIN Ovarian PARP 100 trial is evaluating the efficacy of avelumab + CTX followed by avelumab + talazoparib maintenance compared with CTX + bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance in pts with previously untreated epithelial OC. Methods: JAVELIN Ovarian PARP 100 is a phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial. Eligible pts have previously untreated Stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer; are candidates for platinum-based CTX + bevacizumab; and have completed primary debulking surgery or are candidates for neoadjuvant CTX with planned interval debulking surgery. Approximately 720 pts will be randomized in a 2.5:1:2.5 ratio to receive: CTX (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 5/6 IV Q3W for 6 cycles) + avelumab (800 mg IV Q3W) followed by avelumab (800 mg Q2W) + talazoparib (0.75 mg QD orally) maintenance for up to 24 months (Arm A); CTX followed by talazoparib (0.75 mg QD) maintenance for up to 24 months (Arm B); or CTX + bevacizumab (15 mg/kg IV Q3W) followed by bevacizumab (15 mg/kg Q3W) maintenance for up to 21 doses or 22 per local approval (Arm C). Pts are stratified by germline BRCA1/2 mutation and resection status. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review per RECIST v1.1. Other endpoints include overall survival, PFS2, health-related quality of life, and PK. Clinical trial information: NCT03642132.
Regulated Endocrine-Specific Protein-18, an Emerging Endocrine Protein in Physiology: A Literature Review
Authors: Atari Ealla , Perry Mitchel C , Jose Pedro A , Kumarasamy Sivarajan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRegulated endocrine-specific protein-18 (RESP18), a novel 18-kDa protein, was first identified in neuroendocrine tissue. Subsequent studies showed that Resp18 is expressed in the adrenal medulla, brain, pancreas, pituitary, retina, stomach, superior cervical ganglion, testis, and thyroid and also circulates in the plasma. Resp18 has partial homology with the islet cell antigen 512, also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type N (PTPRN), but does not have phosphatase activity. Resp18 might serve as an intracellular signal; however, its function is unclear. It is regulated by dopamine, glucocorticoids, and insulin. We recently reported that the targeted disruption of the Resp18 locus in Dahl salt-sensitive rats increased their blood pressure and caused renal injury. The aim of the present review was to provide a comprehensive summary of the reported data currently available, especially the expression and proposed organ-specific function of Resp18.
Anesthesia Provider Training and Practice Models: A Survey of Africa
Authors: Law Tyler J. , Bulamba Fred , Ochieng John Paul , Edgcombe Hilary , Thwaites Victoria , Hewitt-Smith Adam , Zoumenou Eugene , Lilaonitkul Maytinee , Gelb Adrian W. , Workneh Rediet S. , Banguti Paulin M. , Bould Dylan , Rod Pascal , Rowles Jackie , Lobo Francisco , Lipnick Michael S. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:
In Africa, most countries have fewer than 1 physician anesthesiologist (PA) per 100,000 population. Nonphysician anesthesia providers (NPAPs) play a large role in the workforce of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but little information has been systematically collected to describe existing human resources for anesthesia care models. An understanding of existing PA and NPAP training pathways and roles is needed to inform anesthesia workforce planning, especially for critically underresourced countries.

METHODS:
Between 2016 and 2018, we conducted electronic, phone, and in-person surveys of anesthesia providers in Africa. The surveys focused on the presence of anesthesia training programs, training program characteristics, and clinical scope of practice after graduation.

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-one respondents completed surveys representing data for 51 of 55 countries in Africa. Most countries had both PA and NPAP training programs (57%; mean, 1.6 pathways per country). Thirty distinct training pathways to become an anesthesia provider could be discriminated on the basis of entry qualification, duration, and qualification gained. Of these 30 distinct pathways, 22 (73%) were for NPAPs. Physician and NPAP program durations were a median of 48 and 24 months (ranges: 36–72, 9–48), respectively. Sixty percent of NPAP pathways required a nursing background for entry, and 60% conferred a technical (eg, diploma/license) qualification after training. Physicians and NPAPs were trained to perform most anesthesia tasks independently, though few had subspecialty training (such as regional or cardiac anesthesia).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite profound anesthesia provider shortages throughout Africa, most countries have both NPAP and PA training programs. NPAP training pathways, in particular, show significant heterogeneity despite relatively similar scopes of clinical practice for NPAPs after graduation. Such heterogeneity may reflect the varied needs and resources for different settings, though may also suggest lack of consensus on how to train the anesthesia workforce. Lack of consistent terminology to describe the anesthesia workforce is a significant challenge that must be addressed to accelerate workforce research and planning efforts.
Aviation-Style Computerized Surgical Safety Checklist Displayed on a Large Screen and Operated by the Anesthesia Provider Improves Checklist Performance
Authors: Jelacic Srdjan , Bowdle Andrew , Nair Bala G. , Togashi Kei , Boorman Daniel J. , Cain Kevin C. , Lang John D. , Dellinger E. Patchen 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:
Many hospitals have implemented surgical safety checklists based on the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist, which was associated with improved outcomes. However, the execution of the checklists is frequently incomplete. We reasoned that aviation-style computerized checklist displayed onto large, centrally located screen and operated by the anesthesia provider would improve the performance of surgical safety checklist.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective before and after observational study to evaluate the effect of a computerized surgical safety checklist system on checklist performance. We created checklist software and translated our 4-part surgical safety checklist from wall poster into an aviation-style computerized format displayed onto a large, centrally located screen and operated by the anesthesia provider. Direct observers recorded performance of the first part of the surgical safety checklist that was initiated before anesthetic induction, including completion of each checklist item, provider participation and distraction level, resistance to use of the checklist, and the time required for checklist completion before and after checklist system implementation. We compared trends of the proportions of cases with 100% surgical safety checklist completion over time between pre- and postintervention periods and assessed for a jump at the start of intervention using segmented logistic regression model while controlling for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
A total of 671 cases were observed before and 547 cases were observed after implementation of the computerized surgical safety checklist system. The proportion of cases in which all of the items of the surgical safety checklist were completed significantly increased from 2.1% to 86.3% after the computerized checklist system implementation (P < .001). Before computerized checklist system implementation, 488 of 671 (72.7%) cases had <75% of checklist items completed, whereas after a computerized checklist system implementation, only 3 of 547 (0.5%) cases had <75% of checklist items completed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The implementation of a computerized surgical safety checklist system resulted in an improvement in checklist performance.
Girl Guides, Athletes, and Educators
Authors: Krais Jakob 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Algeria is often seen as a major instance of women’s emancipation in the Middle East of the mid-twentieth century. Whereas the scholarly focus has often been on colonial policies, French views, or the female participation in the war of independence, this article looks at the impact that new bodily practices, such as scouting and sports, had on gender relations within Muslim Algerian society during the last three decades of French rule. It contrasts the reformist discourse of the Islamic islah movement on women’s “emancipation” and education with the aspirations of young women themselves who started to challenge patriarchal authority.
Acoustic crypsis in southern right whale mother–calf pairs: infrequent, low-output calls to avoid predation?
Authors: Nielsen Mia L. K. , Bejder Lars , Videsen Simone K. A. , Christiansen Fredrik , Madsen Peter T. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) invest substantial amounts of energy in their calves, while facing the risk of having them predated upon by eavesdropping killer whales (Orcinus orca). We tested the hypothesis that southern right whale mother–calf pairs employ acoustic crypsis to reduce acoustic detectability by such predators. Specifically, we deployed multi-sensor DTAGs on nine lactating whales for a total of 62.9 h in a Western Australian breeding ground, and used a SoundTrap to estimate the concomitant acoustic background noise. Vocalisations were recorded at low rates of &lt;10 calls h−1 (1 call per dive) and at low received levels between 123±8 and 134±10 dB re. 1 µPa RMS depending on call type. We conclude that such acoustic crypsis in southern right whales and other baleen whales decreases the risk of alerting potential predators and hence jeopardizing a substantial energetic investment by the mother.
Impact of Exercise and Activity on Weight Regain and Musculoskeletal Health Post-Ovariectomy
Authors: SHERK VANESSA D. , JACKMAN MATTHEW R. , HIGGINS JANINE A. , GILES ERIN D. , FORIGHT REBECCA M. , PRESBY DAVID M. , CARPENTER R. DANA , JOHNSON GINGER C. , OLJIRA ROBERA , HOUCK JULIE A. , MACLEAN PAUL S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity and/or exercise training alters weight regain and musculoskeletal health after ovariectomy (OVX). Female rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) to reveal obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) phenotypes. The OP and OR exercising (EX) and sedentary (SED) rats were calorically restricted to lose 15% of body weight using medium-fat diet. Rats were then maintained in energy balance for 8 wk before OVX. After OVX and a brief calorically limited phase, rats were allowed to eat ad libitum until body weight plateaued. Starting at weight loss, EX ran 1 h·d−1, 6 d·wk−1, 15 m·min−1. Energy intake, spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and total energy expenditure were evaluated at the end of weight maintenance pre-OVX, and at three time points post-OVX: before weight regain, during early regain, and after regain. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Exercise attenuated weight regain after OVX in OP only (OP-EX, 123 ± 10 g; OP-SED, 165 ± 12 g; OR-EX, 121 ± 6 g; OR-SED, 116 ± 6 g), which was primarily an attenuation of fat gain. The early post-OVX increase in energy intake explained much of the weight regain, and was similar across groups. Exercising improved bone strength, as did maintaining SPA. Group differences in muscle mitochondrial respiration were not significant. The large decrease in SPA due to OVX was persistent, but early weight regain was dependent on decreased SPA. In conclusion, leanness and exercise do not necessarily protect from OVX-induced weight gain. Exercise prevented weight gain in obese rats, but loss of SPA was the greatest contributor to post-OVX weight gain. Thus, understanding the mechanisms resulting in reduction in SPA after ovarian hormone loss is critical in the prevention of menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction.
Evaluation of the triangular fibrocartilage: comparison of two-compartment wrist CT arthrography using the distal radioulnar and radiocarpal joints and unicompartment wrist CT arthrography using the radiocarpal joint
Authors: Kim Sujin , Lee Guen Young , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To compare the diagnostic performance of two-compartment wrist CT arthrography of the distal radioulnar and radiocarpal joints and unicompartment wrist CT arthrography of the radiocarpal joint in depiction of the triangular fibrocartilage tear.

Methods:
From January 2016 to December 2017, two-compartment CT arthrography of 74 consecutive patients (36 females, 38 males; mean age, 37.2 years) and unicompartment CT arthrography of 51 consecutive patients (18 females, 33 males; mean age, 40.1 years) were obtained. All CT arthrography images were independently and blindly evaluated by two radiologists for the presence of the triangular fibrocartilage tear by grade (partial or full thickness) per its locations: central disc proper, central-peripheral junction, proximal and distal laminae of its ulnar attachment. Fisher’s exact test was used for a statistical analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. The arthroscopic findings of 47 patients (34 patients with two-compartment CT arthrography and 13 patients with unicompartment CT arthrography) were evaluated for calculating sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Results:
All partial and full thickness triangular fibrocartilage tears were identified more commonly by their location except for distal laminae on two-compartment CT arthrography than were unicompartment CT arthrography (p = 0.001–0.022). Two-compartment CT arthrography had high sensitivity (90.9–100%) and low specificity (33.3–76.5%) for detecting central disc proper and proximal lamina tears, comparing with unicompartment CT arthrography.

Conclusion:
Two-compartment wrist CT arthrography is more helpful for detecting triangular fibrocartilage tears than unicompartment wrist CT arthrography.

Advances in knowledge:
It could be important to evaluate the ulnar foveal insertion of the TFCC in clinical practice, which plays the most important role in DRUJ instability and ulnar-sided wrist pain. Two-compartment wrist CTA of the DRUJ and RCJ could improve diagnostic sensitivity in the TFC tear in terms of its location and torn degree over that of unicompartment wrist CTA of the RCJ. Two-compartment wrist CTA of the DRUJ and RCJ may be recommended as a diagnostic imaging, rather than unicompartment wrist CTA of the RCJ, when peripheral foveal tear of TFC is suspected, especially in young patients.
Comparison between fractal analysis and radiopacity evaluation as a tool for studying repair of an osseous defect in an animal model using biomaterials
Authors: Gomes Nathália R. , Albergaria Juliano D.S. , Henriques Jonathas A. de S. , Amaral Tânia M.P. , Abdo Evandro N. , Silva Gerluza A.B. , Brasileiro Cláudia Borges 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To evaluate bone repair of an osseous defect in a rat animal model through fractal analysis and radiopacity analysis in radiographic images. Methods: 120 rats were subjected to extraction of their first molar and divided into four groups (n = 6/group) according to the material used for bone grafting: mineralized bovine bone, demineralized bovine bone (DBB), blood clot (BC - control) or Bio-Oss® (BO). The animals were sacrificed after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 49 days and subjected to radiographic evaluation. For fractal analysis (FA), a square regionof interest of 30 × 30 pixels was used, and radiopacity was measured as the mean gray scale (MGS) value for three points of 5 × 5 pixels in the apical, medial and coronal regions of the defect. Histomorphometric evaluation was realized as the gold standard for bone neo-formation and maturation of the new osseous matrix. Results: Histomorphometric evaluation suggested that DBB showed faster mineralized deposition and resulted in more mature bone at the final time point of evaluation. Mineralized bovine bone and Bio-Oss presented similar results. The mineralized groups did not show significant differences in bone maturation. The radiopacity analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the DBB and blood clot groups at the final time point. FA did not show any significant differences at the final time point. Conclusions: Mean gray scale seemed to be more effective for the quantification of bone repair than FA in the demineralized group in this animal model. Results for the mineralized groups did not reveal a significant difference, leading to the conclusion that both methods are effective.
Παράγοντες που επιδρούν στην πρόθεση του εκπαιδευτικού να επιλέγει σχολικά προγράμματα με θέμα τις Ανανεώσιμες Πηγές Ενέργειας
Authors: Κωνσταντινίδη Νίκη Πασχαλία , Λιαράκου Γεωργία 
Published: July 2019

Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως στόχο τη διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που επιδρούν στην πρόθεση του εκπαιδευτικού να επιλέγει διδακτικές θεματικές σχετικές με τις Ανανεώσιμες Πηγές Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ). Τετρακόσιοι πενήντα τέσσερις (454) εκπαιδευτικοί της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης από τα Δωδεκάνησα απάντησαν σε ερωτηματολόγιο που δομήθηκε με βάση τη θεωρία της Προσχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς (Ajzen, 2002). Τα δεδομένα αναλύθηκαν με πολλαπλή γραμμική παλινδρόμηση προκειμένου να εξεταστεί ποιοι παράγοντες επιδρούν στην πρόθεση του εκπαιδευτικού να διδάσκει θεματικές για τις ΑΠΕ. Το μοντέλο βρέθηκε να είναι στατιστικά σημαντικό (p < .001), ενώ το 62,8% της διακύμανσης της πρόθεσης διδασκαλίας εξηγήθηκε από τις μεταβλητές του μοντέλου. Οι στάσεις του εκπαιδευτικού απέναντι στις ΑΠΕ βρέθηκε να είναι ο πιο ισχυρός παράγοντας πρόβλεψης της πρόθεσης διδασκαλίας, ενώ ακολουθούν οι αντιλήψεις του για το κατά πόσο θεωρεί τον εαυτό του ικανό να διδάξει τη συγκεκριμένη θεματική και για το ποιες είναι οι στάσεις της τοπικής κοινότητας απέναντι στις ΑΠΕ.
Low-density genetically diverse natural Wolbachia infections in malaria vectors in Kayin state, Myanmar
Authors: Sawasdichai Sunisa , Chaumeau Victor , Dah Tee , Kulabkeeree Thithiworada , Kajeechiwa Ladda , Phanaphadungtham Monthicha , Trakoolchengkaew Muesuwa , Kittiphanakun Praphan , Akararungrot Yanada , Oo Kyi , Delmas Gilles , White Nicholas J. , Nosten François H. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Natural Wolbachia infections in malaria mosquitoes were recently reported in Africa, and negatively correlated with the development of Plasmodium falciparum in the vectors. The occurrence and effects of Wolbachia infections outside Africa have not been described and may have been underestimated. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected by human-landing catch during May and June 2017 in ten villages in Kayin state, Myanmar. Closely related species of malaria vectors were identified with molecular assays. Wolbachia infection rates were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Low titer of Wolbachia DNA was detected in 13/370 samples in six malaria vector species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed a high diversity of Wolbachia strains and identified lineages different from those described in the African malaria mosquitoes. Conclusion: These low-density genetically diverse natural Wolbachia infections question the ecology and biology of Wolbachia-Anopheles interactions in Southeast Asia. Their effects on malaria transmission and mosquito vectors are yet to be determined.