bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Viral Co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Children During the Early and Late Pandemic Periods
Authors: Xie Jianling , Florin Todd A. , Funk Anna L. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Kuppermann Nathan , Freedman Stephen B. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Emergency Research Network (PERN)-COVID-19 and Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Study Teams
Published: November 2024

Background:
Knowledge regarding the impact of respiratory pathogen co-infection in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children seeking emergency department care is limited, specifically as it relates to the association between SARS-CoV-2 viral co-infection and disease severity and factors associated with co-infection.

Methods:
This secondary analysis included data from 2 prospective cohort studies conducted between March 2020 and February 2022 that included children <18 years of age tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection along with additional respiratory viruses in a participating emergency department. Outcomes included the detection rate of other respiratory viruses and the occurrence of severe outcomes (ie, intensive interventions, severe organ impairment and death).

Results:
We included 2520 participants, of whom 388 (15.4%) were SARS-CoV-2-positive. Detection of additional respiratory viruses occurred in 18.3% (71/388) of SARS-CoV-2-positive children, with rhinovirus/enterovirus being most frequently detected (42/388; 10.8%). In multivariable analyses (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval), among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, detection of another respiratory virus was not associated with severe outcomes [1.74 (0.80–3.79)], but detection of rhinovirus/enterovirus [vs. isolated SARS-CoV-2 detection 3.56 (1.49–8.51)] and having any preexisting chronic medical condition [2.15 (1.06–4.36)] were associated with severe outcomes. Among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, characteristics independently associated with an increased odds of any other viral co-infection included: age and delta variant infection.

Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 5 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had co-infection with another respiratory virus, and co-infection with rhinovirus/enterovirus was associated with severe outcomes. When public health restrictions were relaxed, co-infections increased.
Nurse Leader Perspectives and Experiences on Caregiver Support Following a Serious Medical Error
Authors: Prothero Marie M. , Sorhus Madeline , Huefner Katherine 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
This study explored nurse leaders' perspectives and experiences in supporting nurses following a serious medical error.

BACKGROUND
Appropriate support is crucial for nurses following an error. Authentic leadership provides an environment of psychological safety and establishes a patient safety culture.

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey research design was conducted to determine nurse leader's (NLs') perspectives on supporting nurses following a medical error.

RESULTS
NL training on handling serious medical errors varied. NLs indicated experiencing a variety of formal support programs: peer support, education, error examination, employee assistance, and just culture. Following an error, NLs reported these interventions were helpful, including education/retraining, psychological safety, time off the unit, identifying system failures, nurse involvement in disclosure, and peer support.

CONCLUSION
This study illuminates how NLs support nurses following an error. It provides insight into the education of NLs on assisting nurses and the need to implement formal caregiver support programs.
A Qualitative Study of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Healthcare Providers in New York City
Authors: D’Avanzo Paul A. , Bosco Joan , Carnevale Caroline , Zucker Jason 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Three randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of doxycycline for bacterial sexually transmitted infection post-exposure prophylaxis (Doxy PEP). Few studies have assessed provider knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Doxy PEP implementation. Between July of 2023 and January 2024, this study qualitatively assessed KAP and intention to prescribe Doxy PEP among healthcare providers in the New York City area.

Methods
In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare provider key informants including physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants from various practice settings. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive KAP codes, with additional deductive coding used to identify emergent subthemes.

Results
The following themes were identified: (1) STI Disparities, (2) Doxy PEP Experience, (3) Doxy PEP Benefits, (4) Doxy PEP Concerns, and (5) Doxy PEP Implementation. Doxy PEP knowledge was high, with all providers being aware and most (78%) having prescribed it to at least one patient at the time of interview. Providers were knowledgeable of factors contributing to high rates of STIs. Benefits included reducing STI anxiety. Concerns included contributing to antimicrobial resistance and impacts on microbiota. Practice implications included challenges getting Doxy PEP approved by the pharmacy. These factors were shown to affect Doxy PEP’s perceived acceptability.

Conclusions
To ensure that Doxy PEP is implemented safely and equitably, KAP factors that may influence provider decision-making should be examined. Understanding providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices and how they affect intention to prescribe Doxy PEP, and to what patients, has important implications for successful implementation.
Characterizing the interaction effects of modular components on transtibial prosthesis stance-phase mechanical behavior
Authors: Donahue Seth , Vaca Miguel , Beattie Wendy A. , Kingsbury Trevor , Takahashi Kota Z. , Major Matthew J. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Despite evidence that passive prosthesis mechanical properties can directly affect user experience, prosthetists have access to minimal information regarding the mechanical interactions between a prosthetic foot and proximal modular componentry.

Objectives:
This study quantified the stance phase mechanical behavior of a transtibial prosthetic system through the addition of passive modular componentry to a dynamic response (DR) foot.

Study Design:

Repeated measures, mechanical characterization.

Methods:
Maximum displacement and energy return were measured with a materials test machine simulating initial, mid, and terminal stances. Twelve conditions were tested: a DR foot in combination with a hydraulic ankle at 2 resistance settings and 3 different shock-absorbing pylons (SAPs). The roll-over shape of the DR foot with and without hydraulic ankle was measured using a test rig.

Results:
Adding modular passive components altered displacement and energy return, displaying independent and interaction effects. Generally, the hydraulic ankle and SAP reduced energy return (up to 18%) but decreased (up to 51%) and increased (up to 88%) displacement, respectively, while the combined properties were more complex. Roll-over shape radii decreased with increasing load for the foot alone but exhibited a nonlinear response with the addition of the ankle.

Conclusions:
Inclusion of modular components in a transtibial prosthetic system can have complex mechanical interactions that independently affect the system's response to load. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the cumulative effects of these interactions to inform the tuning of transtibial prosthesis mechanical behavior. Combinations of hydraulic ankles and SAPs can help clinicians adjust the prosthesis to achieve a balance between user comfort and energy return.
Addressing the urban congestion challenge based on traffic bottlenecks
Authors: Lieberthal Efrat Blumenfeld , Serok Nimrod , Duan Jinxiao , Zeng Guanwen , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: November 2024

Historically, urban congestion and street life quality depended on city network hierarchies, shaped by land use and street layout. Yet navigation apps have shifted focus to travel time as the key route selection factor, challenging traditional urban structures. We review the development of an innovative approach to urban traffic management that leverages real-time data for the identification and analysis of traffic bottlenecks. This approach, combined with urban planning, aims to improve traffic flow and tackle modern urban challenges. It includes real-time bottleneck detection and cost, congestion analysis and designing a decentralized traffic management system that can serve planners. Based on complex system principles, it promises dynamic traffic optimization, merging urban planning with digital advancements. The research demonstrates the potential of different applications of the proposed methodologies to predict significant congestion from early bottleneck formation, offering urban planners a powerful toolset for reasserting their role in shaping the urban experience. This article posits that a nuanced understanding of traffic dynamics, coupled with advanced traffic management technologies, can restore the influence of urban planning in the digital era, fostering more liveable, equitable and efficient urban environments.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance’.
Sociodemographic, health-related, and clinical characteristics and their associations with mortality among All of Us participants compared with the United States general population
Authors: Wang Jingxuan , Ferguson Erin L. , Buto Peter , Chen Ruijia , Pederson Anna , Choi Minhyuk , Blacker Deborah , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe large and diverse All of Us Research Program offers tremendous opportunities for health research. However, results may not be generalizable to the US population due to the program’s targeted recruitment efforts.MethodsWe compared All of Us participants to those from the nationally representative 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with respect to: overall mortality rates; the distribution of sociodemographic, health-related, and clinical characteristics; the association of each characteristic with mortality estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models; and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for each characteristic and mortality.ResultsAll of Us participants were older, less likely to be Non-Hispanic White, had more years of education, and had a higher prevalence of major chronic conditions than NHANES. Mortality rates were generally lower for All of Us participants, especially at older ages. The direction of associations in All of Us and NHANES matched for almost all comparisons, but differed in magnitude for some conditions, primarily clinical diagnoses. For example, in All of Us, mortality among participants with a prevalent cancer diagnosis was 2.79 (95% CI: 2.59 to 3.01) times higher than among participants without cancer; in NHANES the hazard ratio was only 1.24 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.33). PAFs were generally higher in All of Us.ConclusionsPredictors of mortality in All of Us do not consistently generalize to the US population. Analytical approaches are needed to address non-representativeness and mitigate potential biases associated with the selection into the All of Us cohort.
Response splicing QTLs in primary human chondrocytes identifies putative osteoarthritis risk genes
Authors: Byun Seyoun , Coryell Philip , Kramer Nicole , D’Costa Susan , Thulson Eliza , Shine Jacqueline , Parkus Sylvie , Chubinskaya Susan , Loeser Richard F , Diekman Brian O , Phanstiel Douglas H 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis affects millions worldwide, yet effective treatments remain elusive due to poorly understood molecular mechanisms. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 OA-associated loci, identifying the genes impacted at each locus remains challenging. Several studies have mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in chondrocytes and colocalized them with OA GWAS variants to identify putative OA risk genes; however, the degree to which genetic variants influence OA risk via alternative splicing has not been explored. We investigated the role of alternative splicing in OA pathogenesis using RNA-seq data from 101 human chondrocyte samples treated with PBS (control) or fibronectin fragment (FN-f), an OA trigger. We identified 590 differentially spliced genes between conditions, with FN-f inducing splicing events similar to those in primary OA tissue. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to mimic an SNRNP70 splicing event observed in OA and FN-f-treated chondrocytes and found that it induced an OA-like expression pattern. Integration with genotyping data revealed 7,188 splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) affecting 3,056 genes. While many sQTLs were shared, we identified 738 and 343 condition-specific sQTLs for control and FN-f, respectively. We identified 15 RNA binding proteins whose binding sites were enriched at sQTL splice junctions and found that expression of those RNA binding proteins correlated with exon inclusion. Colocalization with OA GWAS identified 6 putative risk genes, including a novel candidate, PBRM1. Our study highlights the significant impact of alternative splicing in OA and provides potential therapeutic targets for future research.
Impact of oralChlamydiaVaccination on Host Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Composition
Authors: Huang Youyou , Wan Jiao , Shu Chuqiang , Zhang Qi , Zhou Zengzi , Sun Xin , Wang Luying , Zhang Tianyuan , Tian Qi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatis, an intracellular pathogen, is recognized as the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection among women worldwide.Chlamydiainfections can lead to undesirable clinical outcomes, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Recently, the gut has been identified as a niche for Chlamydia colonization; however, despite the biological impact on the host remaining under investigation, oral inoculation of Chlamydia as a whole-organism vaccine has been reported as a promising strategy for preventing genital Chlamydia infections. Few studies have evaluated the impact of oral Chlamydia vaccination on the gut microbiome and metabolite changes. In this study, we assessed time-series alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolites following oralChlamydiainoculation, and we analyzed the composition and correlation between serum immune parameters and the sequencing profiles in the host. We identified 129 microbial changes and 186 significantly different metabolites in the gut across various vaccination approaches during the 30-day immunization process. Additionally, we discussed potential biomarkers of effective immunization based on correlation analysis.IMPORTANCEChlamydiainfections primarily lead to morbidity rather than mortality. Consequently, in developing and implementing aChlamydiavaccine, the utmost priority is ensuring safety. As a promising yet controversial approach, live oral vaccination forChlamydiaraises concerns regarding its impact on the host’s gut environment. Our study not only investigates changes in the gut microbiome and metabolites during vaccination but also identifies potential biomarkers during immunization. These findings are crucial for the development of whole-organism oralChlamydiavaccines and provide valuable insights into the long-term colonization ofChlamydiain the gut.
Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wang Jia-Hao , Dong Shan-Shan , Wang Hao-An , Liu Shao-Shan , Ma Xiaoyi , Zhu Ren-Jie , Shi Wei , Wu Hao , Yu Ke , Zhang Tian-Pei , Wang Cong-Ru , Guo Yan , Yang Tie-Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, but current treatments are only effective in a subset of individuals. To identify new potential treatment targets, we present here the first PWAS for 26 CVDs using plasma proteomics data of the largest cohort to date (53,022 individuals from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) project).The GWAS summary data for 26 CVDs spanning 3 categories (16 cardiac diseases, 5 venous diseases, 5 cerebrovascular diseases, up to 1,308,460 individuals). We also conducted replication analyses leveraging two other independent human plasma proteomics datasets, encompassing 7,213 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and 3,301 individuals from the INTERVAL study.We identified 94 genes that are consistent with being causal in CVD, acting via their cis-regulated plasma protein abundance. 34 of 45 genes were replicated in at least one of the replication datasets. 41 of the 94 genes are novel genes not implicated in original GWAS. 91.48% (86/94) proteins are category-specific, only two proteins (ABO, PROCR) were associated with diseases in all three CVD categories. Longitudinal analysis revealed that 37 proteins exhibit stable expression in plasma. In addition, PBMC scRNA-seq data analysis showed that 23 of the 94 genes were stably expressed in CD14+ monocytes, implicating their potential utility as biomarkers for CVD disease status. Drug repurposing analyses showed that 39 drugs targeting 23 genes for treating diseases from other systems might be considered in further research.In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CVD and offering promising targets for further mechanistic and therapeutic studies.
Environmental monitoring of Legionella in constructed water systems
Authors: Bin Salem Samara , Siddiqui Abdullah , Jagadeesan Premanandh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLegionella is an opportunistic pathogen found in aquatic environments having profound health significance. Policy regulation mandates environmental monitoring for prevention and control ofLegionellaspp. in different types of water systems. The current study reports the trends of environmental monitoring ofLegionellain constructed water system from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Sample collection and processing were performed as per standard procedures. A total of 8849 samples have been utilized during the 5 years study period of which 653 (7.4%) samples were positive forLegionellaspp. The presence and frequency of different serogroups are presented. The relationship between residual chlorine levels and the presence of Legionella are discussed. The data indicates that most positive Legionella cases occur with residual chlorine levels of less than 0.2 mg/L while higher chlorine concentrations are associated with fewer Legionella-positive cases. In conclusion, environmental monitoring is very important to assess the trends of water quality for any remedial measures.
Prevalence and risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders among migrant and refugee preschool children in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Rahaman Kh Shafiur , Eapen Valsamma , Subramanium Mythily , John James Rufus , Ekanayake Kanchana , Arora Amit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeurodevelopment is a complicated mechanism involving genetic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. Factors related to parental migration directly or indirectly affect their children’s neurodevelopmental process and may lead to Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). Other factors such as barriers to accessing health services, social discrimination, mother’s psychosocial health during pregnancy may disrupt the neurodevelopmental process and lead to disorders and disabilities among children of migrants. However, there is a gap in data on the prevalence and the risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders among migrant children have been inadequately listed. This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review to study and synthesise published evidence to ascertain the global prevalence of Neurodevelopment disorders and risk factors leading to those groups of neurodevelopment disorders among children of migrants in high-income countries. The protocol of this systematic review was developed with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. Observational studies that report on the prevalence and risk factors of neurodevelopment disorders among migrant young children under 5 years of age in high-income countries will be included in this study. Four electronic databases will be searched comprehensively (MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus). Two reviewers will independently screen, select studies, assess the methodological quality, and extract all relevant data subsequently. The systematic review and meta-analysis will help design tailored interventions for migrant children with and identify gaps from previous research to guide future research. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024589357).
Cost-effectiveness of dementia insurance for cognitively-unimpairedAPOE-ε4homozygotes – a simulation study
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Nakashima Saki , Niimi Yoshiki , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDementia insurance, a private insurance product covering the first diagnosis of dementia of the insured, may be economical for asymptomatic individuals who are aware of their own high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in advance. This is a retrospective study conducted based on National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) data including cognitively unimpaired individuals, aiming to simulate income and expenses of dementia insurance for the insured perspectives. Loss ratio (= total benefits gained / total premium paid) was calculated byAPOE-ε4 subgroup as a measure of cost-effectiveness, applying the premium rates of actual dementia insurance products being sold in Japan. As a result, for up to 18 years of longitudinal follow-up, the estimated cost-effectiveness improved over the longer observation periods. In individuals in their 60s or older at baseline, the cost-effectiveness was best in theAPOE-ε4 homozygotes, followed by heterozygotes, and ε4-negative individuals. The dementia insurance for ε4-homozygotes for observation periods ≥ 10 years in this age group was approximately 3 to 4 times more economical than for ε4-negative individuals. Although actively pursuingAPOEtesting for asymptomatic individuals may not be currently recommended due to the concern of adverse selection in the insurance and the absence of available disease-modifying therapy approved for the preclinical stage of AD, our study may provide an important basis for further investigating the advantages and limitations of dementia insurance for asymptomatic individuals with pathogenic or high-risk genes.