bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective heat transfer of Titania nanofluids of different base fluids in cylindrical annulus with discrete heat source
Authors: Mebarek‐Oudina F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the current work, the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of Titania nanofluids filling a cylindrical annulus are numerically investigated. Ethylene glycol, engine oil, and water are used as base fluids. The Maxwell model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids is followed to account for the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction distribution on the continuity, momentum, and energy equations, in which a developed computer code is used. The latter is based upon the finite volume method coupled with the SIMPLER algorithm. Numerical results for the heat transfer are presented in the form of streamlines and isotherm profiles for a different value of Rayleigh number, base fluid, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The effects of these parameters on the local Nusselt number are analyzed.
Performance effect on the TEG system for waste heat recovery in automobiles using ZnO and SiO2 nanofluid coolants
Authors: Karana Dhruv Raj , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnhancement in heat transfer of the cold side is vital to amplify the performance of a thermoelectric generator (TEG). With enriched thermophysical properties of nanofluids, significant improvement in heat transfer process can be obtained. The current study concerns the performance comparison of an automobile waste heat recovery system with EG‐water (EG‐W) mixture, ZnO, and SiO2 nanofluid as coolants for the TEG system. The effects on performance parameters, that is, circuit voltage, conversion efficiency, and output power with exhaust inlet temperature, the total area of TEG, Reynolds number, and particle concentration of nanofluids for the TEG system have been investigated. A detailed performance analysis revealed an increase in voltage, power output, and conversion efficiency of the TEG system with SiO
2 nanofluid, followed by ZnO and EG‐W coolants. The electric power and conversion efficiency for SiO
2 nanofluid at an exhaust inlet temperature of 500K were enhanced by 11.80% and 11.39% respectively, in comparison with EG‐W coolants. Moreover, the model speculates that an optimal total area of TEGs exists for the maximum power output of the system. With SiO
2 nanofluid as a coolant, the total area of TEGs can be diminished by up to 34% as compared with EG‐W, which brings significant convenience for the placement of TEGs and reduces the cost of the TEG system.
DIAGNOSTIC USE OF CRITTENDEN'S ATTACHMENT MEASURES IN FAMILY COURT IS NOT BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT
Authors: Van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans Jacob J.W. , Steele Miriam , Granqvist Pehr 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe express serious doubt and cautioning regarding Spieker and Crittenden's (2010) claim that attachment measures associated with the dynamic‐maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM; Crittenden, 2016) can be used for court decision‐making. We demonstrate, using Crittenden's and coworkers’ (e.g., Spieker & Crittenden, 2010) own data, that such measures have (a) insufficient reliability for use in individual diagnosis and (b) cannot retrodict maltreatment with sufficient sensitivity or specificity for court use. Just as atypical forms of attachment are sometimes observed among children reared adequately, typical (secure or mildly insecure) forms of attachment are sometimes observed among maltreated children and among children of caregivers struggling with psychopathology or socioeconomic adversity. The stakes are high, so it is imperative that court decisions accord with the rule of law. Certainty beyond a reasonable doubt is required, and DMM measures do not meet that requirement.
Organized Sport Participation From Childhood to Adolescence Is Associated With Bone Mass in Young Adults From the Raine Study
Authors: McVeigh Joanne A , Howie Erin K , Zhu Kun , Walsh John P , Straker Leon 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

There is a critical need for longitudinal cohort studies to consider the association of the cumulative exposure of physical activity during childhood and adolescence and bone mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organized sports trajectories (that capture distinct and potentially meaningful patterns over critical developmental periods) and bone mass at age 20 years. Participation in organized sport was recorded by parental report at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years in 984 offspring (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (Raine Study). Latent class analysis identified three trajectory classes in each sex. In females, these were “consistent sport participators” (48%), “dropouts” (34%), and “non-participators” (18%); in males, “consistent sport participators” (55%), “dropouts” (37%), and “sport joiners” (8%). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) at age 20 years was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At age 20 years, after adjustment for covariates measured at age 20 years, including height, lean mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alcohol, and smoking, males who were “consistent sport participators” had significantly greater whole-body and leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p &lt; 0.001), whereas males who joined sports had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out of sport (p = 0.002). Females in the “consistent sport participator” trajectory had significantly greater leg BMC than those who dropped out (all p = 0.004). Participation in organized sport during childhood and adolescence is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass in young adulthood is protective against osteoporosis in later life, this may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protein imbalance in the development of skeletal muscle wasting in tumour‐bearing mice
Authors: Brown Jacob L. , Lee David E. , Rosa‐Caldwell Megan E. , Brown Lemuel A. , Perry Richard A. , Haynie Wesley S. , Huseman Kendra , Sataranatarajan Kavithalakshmi , Van Remmen Holly , Washington Tyrone A. , Wiggs Michael P. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia occurs in approximately 80% of cancer patients and is a key contributor to cancer‐related death. The mechanisms controlling development of tumour‐induced muscle wasting are not fully elucidated. Specifically, the progression and development of cancer cachexia are underexplored. Therefore, we examined skeletal muscle protein turnover throughout the development of cancer cachexia in tumour‐bearing mice.MethodsLewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was injected into the hind flank of C57BL6/J mice at 8 weeks age with tumour allowed to develop for 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks and compared with PBS injected control. Muscle size was measured by cross‐sectional area analysis of haematoxylin and eosin stained tibialis anterior muscle. 2H2O was used to assess protein synthesis throughout the development of cancer cachexia. Immunoblot and RT‐qPCR were used to measure regulators of protein turnover. TUNEL staining was utilized to measure apoptotic nuclei. LLC conditioned media (LCM) treatment of C2C12 myotubes was used to analyse cancer cachexia in vitro.ResultsMuscle cross‐sectional area decreased ~40% 4 weeks following tumour implantation. Myogenic signalling was suppressed in tumour‐bearing mice as soon as 1 week following tumour implantation, including lower mRNA contents of Pax7, MyoD, CyclinD1, and Myogenin, when compared with control animals. AchRδ and AchRε mRNA contents were down‐regulated by ~50% 3 weeks following tumour implantation. Mixed fractional synthesis rate protein synthesis was ~40% lower in 4 week tumour‐bearing mice when compared with PBS controls. Protein ubiquitination was elevated by ~50% 4 weeks after tumour implantation. Moreover, there was an increase in autophagy machinery after 4 weeks of tumour growth. Finally, ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylations were fourfold and threefold greater than control muscle 4 weeks following tumour implantation, respectively. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not ERK MAPK, in vitro partially rescued LCM‐induced loss of myotube diameter.ConclusionsOur findings work towards understanding the pathophysiological signalling in skeletal muscle in the initial development of cancer cachexia. Shortly following the onset of the tumour‐bearing state alterations in myogenic regulatory factors are apparent, suggesting early onset alterations in the capacity for myogenic induction. Cancer cachexia presents with a combination of a loss of protein synthesis and increased markers of protein breakdown, specifically in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. Also, p38 MAPK may be a potential therapeutic target to combat cancer cachexia via a p38‐FOX01‐atrogene‐ubiquitin‐proteasome mechanism.
Feasibility and Diagnostic Performance of Voxelwise Computed Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Jiejie , Chen Endong , Xu Huazhi , Ye Qiong , Li Jiance , Ye Shuxin , Cheng Qinyuan , Zhao Liang , Su Min‐ying , Wang Meihao 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundConventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with high b‐values may improve lesion conspicuity, but with a low signal intensity and thus a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The voxelwise computed DWI (vcDWI) may generate high‐quality images with a strong lesion signal and low background.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of vcDWI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 67 patients with 72 lesions, 33 malignant and 39 benign.Field Strength/Sequence3T, including T2/T1, DWI with two b‐values, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).AssessmentComputed DWI (cDWI) with high b‐values of 1500, 2000, 2500 s/mm2 (cDWI1500, cDWI2000, cDWI2500) and vcDWI were generated from measured DWI (mDWI). The mDWI, cDWIs and vcDWI were evaluated by three readers independently to determine lesion conspicuity, background signal suppression, overall image quality using 1–5 rating scales, as well as to give BI‐RADS scores. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value for each lesion was measured.Statistical TestsAgreement among the three readers was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance based on reading of mDWI, cDWIs, vcDWI, and the measured ADC values.ResultsvcDWI provided the best lesion conspicuity compared with mDWI and cDWIs (P < 0.005). For overall image quality, vcDWI was significantly better than cDWI (P < 0.005), but not significantly better compared with mDWI for two readers (P = 0.037 and P = 0.013) and significantly worse for the third reader (P < 0.005). Background signal suppression was the best on cDWI2500, and better on vcDWI than on mDWI, cDWI1500, and cDWI2000. The AUC value for differential diagnosis was 0.868 for mDWI, 0.862 for cDWI1500, 0.781 for cDWI2000, 0.704 for cDWI2500, 0.946 for vcDWI, 0.704 for ADC value, and 0.961 for DCE‐MRI.Data ConclusionvcDWI was implemented without increasing scanning time, and it provided excellent lesion conspicuity for detection of breast lesions and assisted in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI Analysis of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats
Authors: Hu Genwen , Yang Zhong , Liang Wen , Lai Caiyong , Mei Yingjie , Li Yufa , Xu Jianmin , Luo Liangping , Quan Xianyue 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRenal fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the mechanism by which various forms of CKD progress to endstage renal failure. Accurate assessment of renal fibrosis is important for treatment.PurposeTo measure longitudinal changes of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) before and after reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction in an animal model.Study TypeSelf‐controlled animal study.Animal ModelSurgical obstruction of the ureters was performed and then removed after 5 days. Rats were scanned on Days 0, 1, 3, and 5 after creating the obstruction and on Days 4, 7, and 12 after releasing the obstruction.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/IVIM/ASL.AssessmentThe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure molecular diffusion (D), perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion (D*), and renal blood flow (RBF) obtained from the ASL were measured.Statistical TestsUsing SPSS v. 20.0 software, P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The data from each timepoint were compared using one‐way analysis of variance and correlation analysis was applied to various parameters.ResultsThe postobstruction kidneys showed renal tubule swelling and increased collagen fiber content. Renal tubule swelling was relieved after reversing the obstruction, but Masson staining and cell density analysis revealed progressive changes that were primarily localized to the medulla. In general, ADC, D, f, D*, and RBF decreased with time during the 5 days of obstruction, and increased after release of the obstruction. ADC positively correlated with D, f, D*, and RBF (r = 0.415, r = 0.634, r = 0.465 r = 0.586, P < 0.001, respectively) in the cortex in this study. Also, ADC showed a positive correlation with D, f, and D* (r = 0.724, r = 0.749, r = 0.151, P < 0.001, respectively) in the medulla.Data ConclusionKidney perfusion was the major factor affecting ADC. Functional imaging may be useful for following progression of CKD.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:288–296.
Sensorial, antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of vinegars from surpluses of physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) and red pitahaya (Hylocereus monacanthus)
Authors: Fernandes Annayara C F , de Souza Angélica C , Ramos Cintia L , Pereira Aline A , Schwan Rosane F , Dias Disney R 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo reduce postharvest losses, substandard fruit and agricultural surpluses can productively be used as raw material for vinegar production. The present study aimed to prepare vinegars from surpluses of physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) and red pitahaya (Hylocereus monacanthus) and then evaluate their sensorial characteristics, antimicrobial activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzo thiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) methods.RESULTSTwo vinegars were produced by submerged fermentation using physalis and red pitahaya fruits surpluses. Physalis and red pitahaya vinegars had 47 and 45 g L−1 acetic acid, respectively, and both vinegars contained approximately 1 g L−1 ethanol. Both vinegars displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. The TPC of physalis and red pitahaya vinegar was 0.5638 and 0.3656 g L−1 g gallic acid L−1 for physalis and red pitahaya, respectively. A similar antioxidant activity was detected in both the wines and vinegars.The sensorial analysis revealed that the consumers ‘like moderately’ each vinegar, and citric aroma was noted in the physalis vinegar.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, vinegars with sensorial characteristics approved by consumers were developed using fruit surpluses, adding value through a new product making use of a simple methodology that is both inexpensive and demonstrates a good yield. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The value of a cross‐discipline team‐based approach for resection of renal cell carcinoma with IVC tumor thrombus: A report of a large, contemporary, single‐institution experience
Authors: Master Viraj A. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Kooby David A. , Staley Charles A. , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionWe report the evolution of the largest, contemporary, single‐institution experience with this complex procedure to highlight the value of a cross‐discipline, team‐based approach.MethodsPatients from a prospectively maintained database who underwent resection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus from 2005 to 2016 at a single‐institution were included for analysis.ResultsOf 140 patients, 102 (73%) had tumor thrombus below the level of the hepatic vein confluence, and 96 (69%) were performed for curative‐intent, while 43 (31%) were cytoreductive procedures for clinical trial consideration. Median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 43.8 months (5‐year OS:43%), and 73.6 months (5‐year OS:59%) for those without metastatic disease. Fifty‐one patients underwent resection from 2005 to 2010 and 89 from 2011 to 2016. All procedures since 2011 were performed by the same cross‐discipline dedicated team of two surgeons, composed of a surgical and urological oncologist. When comparing the two time‐periods, the team‐approach after 2011 had shorter operative‐times (5.3 vs 6.7 hours; P = 0.009), decreased ICU‐utilization (25% vs 72%;
P < 0.001), and decreased ICU length‐of‐stay (0.4 vs 2.2 days;
P = 0.001). This group also trended towards less blood loss (1.2 vs 1.8 L), shorter average hospital length‐of‐stay (10 vs 11 days), and decreased 90‐day mortality (6% vs 10%).ConclusionResection of RCC with IVC tumor thrombus yields long‐term survival. A dedicated, cross‐discipline, and team‐based approach optimizes patient outcomes and may improve value of care by reducing utilization of expensive hospital resources.
Pulmonary metastasectomy of colorectal cancer origin: Evaluating process and outcomes
Authors: Kumar Naveena A.N. , Verma Kamlesh , Shinde Rajesh S. , Kammar Praveen , Dusane Rohit , Desouza Ashwin , Ostwal Vikas , Patil Prachi , Engineer Reena , Karimundackal George , Pramesh C. S. , Saklani Avanish 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of change in policy of computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax in staging and follow‐up of colorectal cancer (CRC). Another objective was to review the outcomes following pulmonary metastasectomies (Pmets) and to determine the prognostic factors affecting outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis from a prospective cohort database of patients, who underwent Pmet for CRC origin from August 2004 to February 2016. The outcome measures were number of Pmets per year, overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors affecting survival.ResultsOf 71 patients, 38% (n = 27) underwent Pmet before 2013 and 62% (
n = 44) had surgery after 2013. The 2‐year DFS after Pmet was 49.3% and estimated 5‐year OS was 51.4% at a median follow‐up of 28 months. There was a significant increase in number of Pmets/year (
P = 0.0015), increased detection of synchronous pulmonary metastasis (PM) (
P = 0.005), increased diagnosis of extra‐pulmonary metastases (EPM) (
P = 0.005), and improved OS (
P = 0.026) after introduction of CT scan as staging tool. Site of primary tumor (colon) (
P = 0.045), primary nodal stage (
P = 0.009), and the presence of EPM (
P = 0.01) were independent important prognostic factors affecting survival.ConclusionThe CT scan of thorax as a baseline tool for staging and follow‐up in CRC increases referral for pulmonary metastasectomy. Surgery achieves excellent prognosis and long‐term survival outcomes in CRC with isolated PM and carefully selected patients with solitary liver metastasis.
Using Systematic Review and Evidence Banking to Increase Uptake and Use of Aquatic Science in Decision‐Making
Authors: Bennett Micah G. , Lee Sylvia S. , Schofield Kate A. , Ridley Caroline , Norton Susan B. , Webb J. Angus , Nichols Susan J. , Ogden Ralph , Collins Alexandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo support sound decision‐making in environmental management, we need rigorous, defensible, and transparent synthesis of scientific evidence. The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography and associated aquatic science societies are leaders in applying science to decision‐making, and yet many environmental decisions are still at risk of having to be made without a comprehensive, well‐synthesized evidence base to support them. In this article, we discuss two synergistic approaches that can help science inform decision‐making: systematic review and evidence banking. Our aim is to promote the use of these approaches, and to enlist support and action from you, the aquatic science community. We propose that you can improve the use and uptake of science in decision‐making by making your research more compatible with synthesis efforts by: considering risk of bias when designing your study and reporting results; reporting all relevant contextual information; analyzing your data using standard effect size approaches; and publishing your raw data. Awareness of how primary research feeds into informing policies can help you broaden the impact of your research, making it more directly relevant to decision‐making and more likely to contribute to the protection of aquatic ecosystems.
Validation of Dried Blood Spot Cards to Determine Apple Phenolic Metabolites in Human Blood and Plasma After an Acute Intake of Red‐Fleshed Apple Snack
Authors: Yuste Silvia , Macià Alba , Ludwig Iziar A. , Romero María‐Paz , Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Catalán Úrsula , Motilva María‐José , Rubió Laura 
Published: October 2018

ScopeThe application of dried blood spot (DBS) cards for the study in human blood of dietary polyphenol bioavailability has been poorly studied.Methods and resultsAn analytical method based on blood sampling with DBS cards combined with LC–MS/MS has been developed and validated. To test the method validation, the phenolic metabolites are determined in human blood and plasma obtained after an acute intake of a red‐fleshed apple snack in ten volunteers. Capillary blood by finger prick is compared to venous blood by venipuncture and whole blood is also compared to their corresponding venous plasma samples. Moreover, the venous plasma results using DBS cards are compared to those obtained by microElution solid phase extraction (µSPE). The main phenolic metabolites detected in blood and plasma samples are phloretin glucuronide, dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid sulphate, (methyl) catechol sulphate, catechol glucuronide, and hydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactone glucuronide. No significant differences are observed between capillary blood, venous blood, and plasma samples using DBS, and neither between plasma samples analyzed by DBS or µSPE.ConclusionsFinger‐prick blood sampling based on DBS appears to be a suitable alternative to the classic invasive venipuncture for the determination of circulating phenolic metabolites in nutritional postprandial studies.
A low‐profile broadband circular polarization filtering antenna
Authors: Wei Zichun , Zhai Huiqing , Ma Shaobo , Yang Dong , Xue Kun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA low‐profile circular polarization filtering antenna with broadband is introduced in this research. The effect of filtering can be achieved by using multi‐layer coupled radiation structure. The bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded by changing the feed line to the gradual deformation structure. Manufacturing and testing of the antenna, the impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 1.5) can reach 28.96% (3.16‐4.23GHz) and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 16.7% (3.18‐3.76GHz), meanwhile, the maximum simulated gain is 7.5 dBi, outside the working band, the gain of the antenna can be reduced 20 dBi compared by the maximum. The height of the antenna is 5.535 mm, 0.064λ at the center frequency of 3.5 GHz. After investigation and analysis, the antenna can be a good candidate for the 5G anti‐interference wireless and satellite base station communication system.