bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ong Jason J , Magooa Mahlape Precious , Chikandiwa Admire , Kelly Helen , Didelot Marie-Noelle , Muller Etienne E , Maseko Venessa , Segondy Michel , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Kularatne Ranmini , Mayaud Philippe ,   HIV in Africa Research Partnership Study Group, Chikandiwa A , Cutler E , Delany-Moretlwe S , Lewis D A , Magooa M P , Maseko V , Michelow P , Muzah B , Omar T , Puren A , Djigma F , Drabo J , Goumbri-Lompo O , Meda N , Sawadogo B , Simporé J , Yonli A , Zan S , Costes V , Didelot M-N , Doutre S , Leventoux N , Nagot N , Ngou J , Segondy M , Devine A , Gilham C , Gibson L , Kelly H , Legood R , Mayaud P , Weiss H A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This prospective cohort study of 622 women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from Johannesburg (2012) detected Mycoplasma genitalium in 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5–9.7, 46/622), with detection more likely with lower CD4 counts(adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.02 per 10 cells/μL decrease, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) and higher plasma HIV-1 RNA (AOR 1.15 per log copies/mL increase, 95% CI: 1.03–1.27). No mutations for macrolide/quinolone resistance was detected.
Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: Role of Reduced Synaptobrevin-2 Levels in Deficits of Memory and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Orock Albert , Logan Sreemathi , Deak Ferenc 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCognitive impairment in the aging population is quickly becoming a health care priority, for which currently no disease-modifying treatment is available. Multiple domains of cognition decline with age even in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases. The cellular and molecular changes leading to cognitive decline with age remain elusive. Synaptobrevin-2 (Syb2), the major vesicular SNAP receptor protein, highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, is essential for synaptic transmission. We have analyzed Syb2 protein levels in mice and found a decrease with age. To investigate the functional consequences of lower Syb2 expression, we have used adult Syb2 heterozygous mice (Syb2+/−) with reduced Syb2 levels. This allowed us to mimic the age-related decrease of Syb2 in the brain in order to selectively test its effects on learning and memory. Our results show that Syb2+/− animals have impaired learning and memory skills and they perform worse with age in the radial arm water maze assay. Syb2+/− hippocampal neurons have reduced synaptic plasticity with reduced release probability and impaired long-term potentiation in the CA1 region. Syb2+/− neurons also have lower vesicular release rates when compared to WT controls. These results indicate that reduced Syb2 expression with age is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment.
An implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for modeling acute edema and resuscitation in the small intestine
Authors: Thompson Travis B , Riviere Beatrice M , Knepley Matthew G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEdema, also termed oedema, is a generalized medical condition associated with an abnormal aggregation of fluid in a tissue matrix. In the intestine, excessive edema can lead to serious health complications associated with reduced motility. A $7.5\%$ solution of hypertonic saline (HS) has been hypothesized as an effective means to reduce the effects of edema following surgery or injury. However, detailed clinical edema experiments can be difficult to implement, or costly, in practice. In this manuscript we introduce an implicit in time discontinuous Galerkin method with novel adaptations for modeling edema in the 3D layered physiology of the intestine. The model improves over early work via inclusion of the tissue intrinsic storage coefficient, and the effects of Starling overestimation for high venous pressures. Validation against a recent clinical experiment in HS resuscitation of acute edema is presented; the results support the clinical hypothesis that 7.5% HS solution may be effective in the resuscitation of acute edema formation. New results include an improved view into the effects of resuscitation on the hydrostatic pressure profile of edematous rats, effects on lumenal volume attenuation, relative fluid gain and an estimation of the impacts of both acute edema and resuscitation on intestinal motility.
Popular Progression Differences in Vector Spaces
Authors: Fox Jacob , Pham Huy Tuan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Green proved an arithmetic analog of Szemerédi’s celebrated regularity lemma and used it to verify a conjecture of Bergelson, Host, and Kra, which sharpens Roth’s theorem on three-term arithmetic progressions in dense sets. It shows that for every subset of $\mathbb{F}_p^n$ with $n$ sufficiently large, the density of three-term arithmetic progressions with some nonzero common difference is at least the random bound (the cube of the set density) up to an additive $\epsilon $. For a fixed odd prime $p$, we prove that the required dimension grows as an exponential tower of $p$’s of height $\Theta (\log (1/\epsilon ))$. This improves both the lower and upper bound, and is the first example of a result where a tower-type bound coming from applying a regularity lemma is shown to be necessary.
It Is About Trust: Trust in Sources of Tobacco Health Information, Perceptions of Harm, and Use of E-Cigarettes
Authors: Alcalá Héctor E , Shimoga Sandhya V 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Recent research has highlighted disparities in people who perceive as trustworthy sources of e-cigarette health information. Research has yet to examine if trusting a particular source of information is associated with use of e-cigarettes or perceptions of e-cigarette harm. We use a nationally representative survey of American adults to address these gaps in knowledge.

Methods
This study used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 3738). Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds of ever using e-cigarettes and perceived health harm of e-cigarettes. Trust in seven different sources of e-cigarette health information served as the independent variables. Models accounted for confounders.

Results
Trusting religious organizations “a lot” as sources of e-cigarette health information was associated with lower odds of ever using e-cigarettes and with lower odds of perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes. Trusting e-cigarette companies “a lot” as sources of e-cigarette health information was associated with lower odds of viewing e-cigarettes as harmful to health.

Conclusion
Trusting health information about e-cigarettes from sources in the medical or public health field was not associated with lower use of e-cigarettes or viewing e-cigarettes as more harmful. Trusting health information from e-cigarette companies yielded perceptions of e-cigarette harm that are consistent with messaging provided by these companies.

Implications
As use of e-cigarettes continues to climb, leveraging different modes of health communication will be critical to both discourage e-cigarette use among never-smokers and, potentially, to encourage use of e-cigarettes as an option to achieve smoking cessation or reduce the harm of tobacco products. Our findings suggest that religious organizations may be helpful in communicating anti-e-cigarette messages.
Effect of Diarrheal Illness During Pregnancy on Adverse Birth Outcomes in Nepal
Authors: Newman Kira L , Gustafson Kathryn , Englund Janet A , Magaret Amalia , Khatry Subarna , LeClerq Steven C , Tielsch James M , Katz Joanne , Chu Helen Y 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdverse birth outcomes, including low birthweight, small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth, contribute to 60%–80% of infant mortality worldwide. Little published data exist on the association between diarrhea during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.MethodsData were used from 2 community-based, prospective randomized trials of maternal influenza immunization during pregnancy conducted in rural Nepal from 2011 to 2014. Diarrheal illnesses were identified through longitudinal household-based weekly symptom surveillance. Diarrhea episodes were defined as at least 3 watery bowel movements per day for 1 or more days with 7 diarrhea-free days between episodes. The Poisson and log-binomial regression were performed to evaluate baseline characteristics and association between diarrhea during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.ResultsA total of 527 of 3693 women in the study (14.3%) experienced diarrhea during pregnancy. Women with diarrhea had a median of 1 episode of diarrhea (interquartile range [IQR], 1–2 episodes) and 2 cumulative days of diarrhea (IQR, 1–3 days). Of women with diarrhea, 85 (16.1%) sought medical care. In crude and adjusted analyses, women with diarrhea during pregnancy were more likely to have SGA infants (42.6% vs 36.8%; adjusted risk ratio = 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.36; P = .005). Birthweight and preterm birth incidence did not substantially differ between women with diarrhea during pregnancy and those without.ConclusionsDiarrheal illness during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of SGA infants in this rural South Asian population. Interventions to reduce the burden of diarrheal illness during pregnancy may have an impact on SGA births in resource-limited settings.
Determining Interrater and Intrarater Levels of Agreement in Students and Clinicians When Visually Evaluating Movement Proficiency During Screening Assessments
Authors: Whelan Darragh , Delahunt Eamonn , O'Reilly Martin , Hernandez Belinda , Caulfield Brian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Biomechanical screening assessments are used to provide useful information about an athlete's movement proficiency. Clinically, movement proficiency is typically evaluated visually. This can result in low levels of agreement, leading to difficulties in ensuring consistent athlete assessment.

Objective
The objective was to determine levels of agreement within and between physical therapists and physical therapist students when visually evaluating athletes’ movement proficiency during biomechanical screening assessments.

Design
This was an observational study.

Methods
Twenty-seven physical therapists and 20 physical therapist students assessed 100 video recordings of athletes performing 4 lower-extremity biomechanical screening assessments: squat, lunge, single leg squat, and deadlift. Analysis was completed on conditioned and unconditioned data. In the conditioned data, technique deviations were induced purposefully by the athletes. In the unconditioned data, deviations occurred naturally due to increased weight or movement complexity. In order to determine levels of agreement in the assessments, participants were required to classify the athletes’ movement as acceptable or aberrant. Each participant assessed the same video recordings on 2 separate occasions at least 30 days apart. Agreement levels were determined using Cohen κ and Fleiss κ.

Results
Kappa scores at an interrater level ranged from 0.18 to 0.53, and intrarater agreement ranged from 0.38 to 0.62. Levels of agreement were higher in the conditioned data compared with the unconditioned data. Overall, the lunge and squat produced higher levels of agreement than the deadlift and single-leg squat. Students and physical therapists demonstrated similar levels of agreement.

Limitations
Screening assessments were evaluated through the use of video analysis.

Conclusions
Greater efforts are needed to ensure standardization of movement analysis.
Understanding the Rise in Corporate Cash: Precautionary Savings or Foreign Taxes
Authors: Faulkender Michael W , Hankins Kristine W , Petersen Mitchell A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
What has driven the dramatic rise in U.S. corporate cash? Using non-public data, we show that the run-up is not uniform across firms but is concentrated in the foreign subsidiaries of multinational firms. Standard precautionary motives explain only domestic cash holdings, not these burgeoning foreign cash balances. Falling foreign tax rates, coupled with relaxed restrictions on income shifting, are the root of the changing foreign cash patterns. Firms with intellectual property have the greatest ability to shift income to low tax jurisdictions, and their foreign subsidiaries are where we observe the largest accumulations of cash.
Received September 6, 2017; editorial decision August 22, 2018 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
HIV Health Care Transition Readiness: Embracing the Opportunity and Challenge
Authors: Jones Sandra C. , Ng Yeow Chye , Ost Shelley R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Because of effective treatment and prolonged survival, thousands of young adult people living with HIV will need to transfer their health care to adult care providers. However, many lack basic essential skills and are not prepared for this transition. Many providers do not assess transition readiness on a regular basis. Validated transition readiness assessment tools can help providers guide interventions based on identified skill and knowledge deficits. Our purpose was to describe the impact of incorporating a validated Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) into clinical practice. A retrospective chart review of 48 patients with HIV, ages 22–24 years, showed that the use of the TRAQ significantly affected provider interventions in the area of medication management (odds ratio: 0.02). Overall, the use of the TRAQ did not increase clinical interventions; however, it enabled providers to identify knowledge or skill deficits not previously addressed and to plan future clinical interventions to meet individual patient needs.
Localized Lichen Myxedematosus With Plasma Cell Light Chain Restriction: Is It the Exception or the Rule?
Authors: Elwyn Lacey B. , Combs Angela , Villada Gabriel , Poulos Evangelos , Cespedes Yvana , Rodriguez-Vazquez Georgette , Albitar Maher , Karai Laszlo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Lichen myxedematosus is a chronic cutaneous mucinosis that can present on a spectrum from localized cutaneous lesions to systemic disease of scleromyxedema. The clinical presentation of localized cutaneous lichen myxedematosus is waxy lichenoid papules, nodules, and/or plaques that have histopathologic findings of mucin deposition and a variable degree of fibroblast proliferation. There is an absence of serum paraproteins, and there are no other systemic causes of cutaneous mucinosis such as thyroid disease. The pathogenesis of lichen myxedematosus is unknown. We report 3 cases of localized cutaneous lichen myxedematosus with a light chain–restricted plasmacytic component by in situ hybridization. Our findings deliver an insight for disease pathogenesis and highlight for the first time, the significance of plasma cells in lesions of localized cutaneous lichen myxedematosus. We suggest that plasma cell light chain restriction could represent a clue to distinguish localized cutaneous disease from systemic disease.
Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kempf Werner , Torricelli Rocco , Zettl Andreas , Zimmermann Anne-Katrin , Berisha Arbeneshe , Ghielmini Michele 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
Large B-cell lymphomas include several subtypes. Recently, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive large B-cell lymphoma has been delineated as a distinct entity involving mostly lymph nodes and rarely affecting extranodal sites. We describe the first case of a primary cutaneous ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma in a 48-year-old man with a solitary nodule on the back, and describe the histologic and phenotypic features. Accurate staging confirmed the absence of other lesions, and so surgical excision and postoperative local radiation therapy were initiated and resulted in complete remission. Two years later, extracutaneous spread with involvement of axillary lymph nodes occurred. Complete remission was achieved again by multiagent chemotherapy. Our case demonstrates that a primary cutaneous form of ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma exists. The immunophenotypic analysis of cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas affecting the skin primarily or secondarily should include the assessment of ALK expression.
Primary Orbital Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking a Periocular Cyst
Authors: Portelli Francesca , Pieretti Giulia , Santoro Nicola , Gorelli Greta , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Massi Daniela , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Mazzini Cinzia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma occurring predominantly in older children and young adults. Only approximately 7% occur in the head and neck region, with SS representing less than 0.1% of all head and neck cancers. Orbital location is exceedingly rare with only 8 cases reported so far in the literature. It is noted for its propensity for late local recurrences and metastases. Histologically, SS is monophasic, biphasic, or poorly differentiated and harbors a specific chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) in >95% of cases. In this article, we describe a case of monophasic SS primarily arising in the left supero-nasal orbital region in a 24-year-old woman, clinically mistaken for a periocular cyst. The case is peculiar for its highly unusual location and for its clinical deceptively benign appearance.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology After Phacoemulsification in Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Cataracts: 2-Year Results of a Randomized Multicenter Trial
Authors: Ianchulev Tsontcho , Lane Stephen , Masis Marisse , Lass Jonathan H. , Benetz Beth Ann , Menegay Harry J. , Price Francis W. , Lin Shan 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology 2 years after phacoemulsification in subjects from the COMPASS trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01085357) who had mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma and visually significant cataracts.

Methods:
The central corneal endothelium was evaluated by serial specular microscopy at 0 to 24 months. ECD, coefficient of variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells were evaluated by a central image analysis reading center and central corneal thickness (CCT) was evaluated by ultrasound pachymetry.

Results:
Of 131 subjects who underwent routine phacoemulsification, analyzable endothelial images at 24 months were available for 126 subjects (96.2%). Mean ± SD central ECD at baseline was 2453 ± 359 cells/mm2, decreasing by 10% ± 14% to 2195 ± 517 cells/mm2 at 3 months (P < 0.001) but stabilizing thereafter with mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) from baseline to 24 months of 9% ± 13% (P < 0.001). Twelve (9.5%) and 10 (7.9%) subjects experienced >30% ECL at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Neither coefficient of variation nor percentage of hexagonal cells changed significantly from baseline at any time point. Mean CCT was similar at baseline (550 ± 35 μm) and at 12 months (551 ± 37 μm) and 24 months (555 ± 35 μm). Age was significantly associated with ECL after cataract surgery (P = 0.02), but baseline intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications, and CCT were not. Similar results were observed in patients who underwent CyPass micro-stent implantation accompanying phacoemulsification.

Conclusions:
Phacoemulsification in eyes with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma results in early ECL, with ECD stabilizing after 3 months and no effect on other endothelial stress markers up to 2 years postoperatively.
Novel Use of Telemedicine for Corneal Tissue Evaluation in Eye Banking: Establishing a Standardized Approach for the Remote Evaluation of Donor Corneas for Transplantation
Authors: Alabi Rolake O. , Ansin Amy , Clover Jameson , Wilkins John , Rao Naveen K. , Terry Mark A. , Tran Khoa D. , Sales Christopher S. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To determine the feasibility of using telemedicine consultations in the evaluation of recovered donor corneas for transplant suitability.

Methods:
This study aims to establish and test the minimum imaging requirements for telemedical consultations of corneal tissue by remote eye bank medical directors. Digital images from the slit lamp, optical coherence tomography, and/or specular microscope were assembled into telemedical consults and emailed to 4 eye bank medical directors (M.A.T., J.W., C.S.S., N.K.R.). Feedback on the minimum image requirements for each corneal finding was collected. After establishing a standardized imaging and presentation protocol, test cases were presented to the medical directors to examine the validity of these remote consults. To establish a benchmark for the study's parameters, one medical director (J.W.) examined each case in person after his initial remote review. Examiners were masked to each other's responses.

Results:
Minimum image requirements for determination of corneal findings were defined and were specific to each anatomic layer of the cornea (epithelial, stromal, or endothelial). Using a defined set of digital images for a set of common corneal findings, the rate of agreement between remote evaluators, eye bank staff, and the in-person evaluator was 100% (11 of 11 examples). For ambiguous test cases, remote evaluators agreed on 80% of the cases (4 of 5).

Conclusions:
Results from this pilot study suggest that telemedical review of corneal tissue using high-quality digital images may be adequate for accurate identification of specific corneal findings commonly encountered by eye banks.
Association Between Sleep Quality, Mood Status, and Ocular Surface Characteristics in Patients With Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Wu Mengliang , Liu Xin , Han Jing , Shao Tingting , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate sleep and mood status in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and analyze the association between sleep quality, mood status, and ocular surface characteristics.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with DED (N = 106) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N = 50) were enrolled. Tear fluid break up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer I tests were performed in the order listed here to evaluate dry eye. A visual analog scale was used to assess dry eye symptom severity. All subjects also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, scores ≥5.5 indicated poor sleep), Patient Health Questionnaire (scores ≥5 indicated depression), and General Anxiety Disorder Scale (scores ≥5 indicated anxiety).

Results:
Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score was significantly higher in patients with DED than that in controls (7.8 ± 3.9 vs. 5.4 ± 3.0, respectively; P < 0.001). Patients with DED demonstrated higher respective depression and anxiety scores compared with controls (P < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). In the DED group, patients with poor sleep quality had more severe DED indicated by shorter TBUT and lower Schirmer I findings. A significant correlation was found between sleep quality and mood status in patients with DED. Regression analysis revealed that shorter TBUT and lower Schirmer I test results were associated with poorer sleep quality (adjusted p = 0.011 and 0.037, respectively). More severe symptoms of dry eye were significantly associated with a higher level of anxiety in patients with DED (adjusted p = 0.011).

Conclusions:
Sleep quality may play an important role in the development of DED by influencing tear secretion and tear film stability and/or by indirectly aggravating anxiety and depression, leading to higher self-reported symptom scores. It is also possible that DED contributes to reduced sleep quality, as well as the development of anxiety and depression.