bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Microbiota and Pathological Scars: A Bidirectional Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Ying , Yang Qinghua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPathological scars (PSs), resulting from abnormal skin repair, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, affect millions of people. Previous studies have demonstrated that skin microbiota (SM) plays a role in cutaneous inflammation and healing, but the interplay between PSs and SM remains unclear yet.ObjectiveTo investigate the causal associations between SM and two specific PSs: hypertrophic scars (HSs) and keloids.MethodsA bidirectional two‐sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic data for SM, HS, and keloids was conducted. The random‐effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary approach, along with multiple MR methods. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was employed to address multiple testing.ResultsIn forward analysis, the family Moraxellaceae and order Pseudomonadales exhibited the same significant protective effects on keloids (odds ratio [OR]: 0.849, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.770–0.935, q2 = 0.03626). The class Betaproteobacteria (OR: 0.938, 95% CI: 0.894–0.985, q1 = 0.01965) and genus Bacteroides (OR: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.884–0.973, q1 = 0.00889) each demonstrated a suggestive protective effect on HSs and keloids, respectively. Some limited evidence suggested that order Actinomycetales contributes to an increased risk of keloids. In reverse analysis, keloids were found to have negative effects on the class Gammaproteobacteria with limited evidence. There was no detectable evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionThis study provided evidence for the causalities between SM and PSs, which laid foundation for furthering clinical practice and research of microorganism–skin interaction.
Methodological Issues in Measuring Restrictive Care Practices (Mechanical/physical restraint, Chemical restraint and Seclusion) in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Units: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Belayneh Zelalem , Chavulak Jacinta , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Petrakis Melissa , Haines Terry P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo identify and characterise the approaches and instruments used in recent literature to measure the prevalence of restrictive care practices in adult mental health inpatient units. Additionally, it sought to summarise the reported psychometric properties, including reliability and validity of these measures.MethodsA systematic review of recent litratures was conducted using Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify studies published from 1 January 2010 to 11 October 2023. A total of 128 studies measuring the use of restrictive care practices were included. Data on measurement methods were extracted from each study and summarised to compare how consistently these practices have been measured across studies and how authors consistently reported the reliability and validity of these measurment approaches. All findings were reported following the PRISMA 2020 checklist.ResultsThere were significant variations in how the prevalence of restrictive care practices was measured, and the reliability and validity of these measurements were unclear for most studies. Only 11 studies reported inter/intra‐rater reliability. Key variations were observed in data sources utilised, how and by whom the data were collected, the timing and total duration of data collection during patient admission, how and by whom data were extracted from secondary sources, measurement instruments and the reported reliability and validity of measures.ConclusionsMethodological inconsistencies about the measurements approaches of restricitve care practices would introduduce potential random and/or systematic biases on the reported data which may obscure the the true prevalance these practices. This hinder the ability to acurately assess the effectiveness of reduction strategies and understand the naturally occuring practices. Establishing a standardised set of reliable measures is crucial for enabling valid comparisons for the rates of restricitve car epractice use across settings and countries, which could enhance the ongoing monitoring and reduction of these practices.Relevance to the Clinical PracticeThe absence of standardised defintions and measurement approaches for restrictive care practices challenges the global effort to reduce their use. Without reliable and common measures, clinicians and researchers often face challenges in documening RCP incidents accurately, compromising efforts to improve care quality and support a recovery‐oriented approach. Such measurment errors would mislead decission‐maker which would furhter contribute to the inconsistency the the implementation of these practices.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD:42022335167; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/export_details_pdf.php
Relationship Between Geriatric Nurses' Spiritual Care Perceptions and Professional Attitudes, a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Fang Ting , Zhang Yiying , Zhong Xiaoying , Wang Meng , Yuan Ping , Zhang Limei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study, based on the self‐determination theory, aims to explore the current situation of geriatric nurses' perceptions of spiritual care and its relationship with their professional attitude. It was conducted from February to May 2022.BackgroundAs the population ages, it is necessary to actively implement coping strategies. Geriatric nurses are important human resources, so we should pay attention to their perception of spiritual care for the elderly and their attitude towards the nursing profession.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted.MethodsA total of 488 geriatric nurses engaged in elderly care were recruited from different hospitals in China. An online questionnaire was used to assess geriatric nurses' sociodemographics, their perception of spiritual care and their professional attitude.ResultsThis study's findings indicate that the overall average score of geriatric nurses' perception of spiritual care was at a medium level (173.64 ± 27.87). Geriatric nurses' professional attitude was positively correlated with spiritual care perception (p < 0.001). The multiple stepwise linear regression model (n = 488) had an explained variance (R2 = 0.216), and three factors such as the need to enhance the ability of spiritual care through lectures and other methods were the main predictors of the perception level of spiritual care among geriatric nurses (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that the enhancement of professional attitudes among geriatric nurses can effectively augment their perception and implementation of spiritual care.Implication for Nursing ManagersThis study's result is helpful for nursing managers to identify the weak links in the overall nursing services for elderly patients, thereby carrying out relevant intervention measures, improving the perception level of spiritual care of geriatric nurses, optimising the quality of elderly care services and achieving healthy aging.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution. The study focused on the current situation of geriatric nurses’ perceptions of spiritual care and its relationship with their professional attitude. Therefore, the involvement of patients or the public was not deemed necessary for achieving the specific research objectives.Reporting MethodsThe reporting of the study was guided by the STROBE checklist.
Cross‐cultural validation in Greek and reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zarkada Angeliki , Dimakopoulos Rigas , Germani Terpsithea , Zavlanou Angeliki , Spinou Arietta , Skouteli Helen 
Published: December 2024

AimTo investigate the reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsThe sample of the study included children with CP, aged 3–18 years and classified into Levels I–V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Parents of children with CP and speech and language therapists (SLTs) with a minimum of 5 years of clinical experience were recruited. Inter‐rater reliability (IRR) between SLTs and between SLT and parent was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was evaluated by investigating the potential association between the EDACS and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and GMFCS, using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one children with CP (mean age 8.2 ± 4.1), 72 males, GMFCS Levels I–V were included in the study. Ninety‐one parents of children with CP (mean age 8.8 ± 4.2), 54 males and 8 experienced SLTs, assessed the eating and drinking abilities of the children. The IRR between SLTs was excellent (ICC = 0.94), and between SLTs and parents was high (ICC = 0.90). Both CFCS and GMFCS were positive predictors for EDACS.ConclusionsThe Greek version of EDACS is a valid and reliable tool and it can be used to classify eating and drinking ability in Greek children with CP.
Auditory stimulation during deep sleep enhances total slow‐wave activity in a young cohort: A feasibility trial
Authors: Molina Gary Garcia , Matthews Camilla , Myers Annika , Peterson Beth , Strainis Emma , Riedner Brady , Vascan Ana Maria , Tononi Giulio , Jones Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

SummaryCognitive, metabolic and sleep benefits associated with enhancement of sleep slow waves using closed‐loop auditory stimulation have been reported in adults but not in adolescents, especially in home settings. Seventeen volunteers (10F/7M; age range: 13–18 years old) participated in a 2‐week, single‐blind, crossover study. STIM (auditory stimulation ON) and SHAM (auditory stimulation at zero‐volume) were each applied for a week (randomized order). Participants used a self‐applied, single‐electroencephalogram, wearable device at home. An embedded algorithm performed real‐time sleep staging, detected slow‐wave sleep and delivered auditory tones separated by a 1‐s inter‐tone interval. After each sleep session, participants completed questionnaires to report sleep quality, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), and performed tasks to quantify vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and working memory (continuous working memory performance task). Sleep architecture, count of microarousals, slow‐wave amplitude, total and mean slow‐wave activity (electroencephalogram power in the 0.5–4 Hz frequency band) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep, sleepiness level, and cognitive performance metrics were compared between STIM and SHAM. The slow‐wave amplitude during stimulation, total slow‐wave activity and mean slow‐wave activity were significantly higher in the STIM condition (+10.7%, +7.38% and + 7.57%). The count of microarousals, and the power in alpha and beta bands were not different between SHAM and STIM. The Pearson correlation between slow‐wave activity enhancement and sleep duration (−0.83; p < 1e – 4) suggested a significant decrease in sleep duration proportional to slow‐wave activity enhancement. Trending results (p < 0.1) in the STIM condition included higher number of correct continuous working memory performance task responses (+1.01 correct; p = 0.07). This research provides feasibility of auditory stimulation‐based slow‐wave activity in a young population.
Overcoming the streetlight effect: Qualitative examination of community experts’ perceptions of foundations of learning and development (FOLD) skills
Authors: Ahun Marilyn N. , McCoy Dana C. , Sabol Terri J. , Kim Yuri , Warren Whitney , Jeong Joshua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDevelopmental science has a long history of studying skills that children need to thrive. However, there has been a primary focus on academic skills, with little attention to the breadth and diversity of other skills that young children need to thrive. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which community experts involved in early childhood care and education (ECCE) value different early developmental skills. This qualitative study examined how community experts (parents, preschool educators, clinicians, and ECCE leaders) defined and conceptualized six foundations of learning and development (FOLD) skills of child development (curiosity, creativity, critical thinking, self‐regulation and executive function, perspective taking, and internal representations of self). We conducted 60 virtual in‐depth interviews with a socioeconomically, racially, and geographically diverse sample of parents (n = 26), educators (n = 17), clinicians (n = 11), and ECCE leaders (n = 6) living in rural and urban areas across the United States. Participants universally acknowledged the importance of FOLD skills as central to development and well‐being in the early childhood period, while also recognizing their interrelatedness with one another. Most participants highlighted self‐regulation and executive function as a core skill. Findings affirm the value of these FOLD skills and highlight the importance of including them as target outcomes of ECCE interventions.
Comparison of early transcriptomic changes to diverse microbial volatiles in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chang Ching‐Han , Huang Chung‐Chih , Su Pei‐Yu , Li Yi‐Rong , Chen Yu‐Shuo , Wang Chong‐Yue , Zhang Yuan‐Yun , Ting Hieng‐Ming , Huang Hao‐Jen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrobial volatiles organic compounds (mVOCs) play diverse roles in modulating plant growth and stress tolerance. However, the molecular responses of plants to mVOCs are largely undescribed. In this study, we examined the early transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to two plant growth‐promoting mVOCs (PGPVs) and one plant growth‐inhibiting mVOC (PGIV). Our phenotype analysis showed that PGPVs from Fusarium verticillioides and Simplicillium sympodiophorum promote plant growth by affecting different organs. In particular, F. verticillioides mVOCs promote plant growth in whole seedlings, while S. sympodiophorum mVOCs increase leaf surface area. Moreover, Arabidopsis treated with the two PGPVs exhibited different growth‐associated molecular responses, which corresponded to the phenotype analysis results. For instance, the FAR1 family (regulates light‐associated plant development) was upregulated by F. verticillioides mVOCs, while the LBD family (regulates leaf size and shape) was enriched among S. sympodiophorum mVOC‐upregulated genes. Hierarchical clustering analysis further indicated that PGPVs induced expression of growth‐associated genes and suppressed expression of defense‐associated genes. In contrast to the PGPV‐induced transcriptional effects, PGIVs caused downregulation of growth‐associated genes with coincident upregulation of defense‐associated genes. Furthermore, a transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis suggested that HSFs, NACs and WRKYs might be core regulators in the plant response towards mVOCs. In particular, WRKYs might serve as integrating nodes to regulate salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐mediated defense responses and growth‐defense trade‐offs. Overall, this study provides insights into the early molecular responses of plants after mVOC exposure and suggests that these molecular responses contribute to different phenotypic responses.
Exploration of Landslide Geomorphology and Inventory Construction in Minhe County, Qinghai, China, Based on Google Earth Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Wang Qinxia , Xu Chong , Xu Jixiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe upper reaches of the Yellow River, located at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China, are characterized by intense tectonic activity and widespread landslide geomorphology. Creating a detailed and objective map of landslide geomorphology in this region is crucial for understanding the development of landslides. However, the availability of high‐quality landslide inventories in this area is limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of landslide development and scientific landslide disaster prevention efforts. This study utilized multi‐temporal high‐resolution remote sensing imagery provided by the Google Earth platform to conduct a thorough landslide geomorphology survey and inventory construction in Minhe County, located in the upper Yellow River. The results show that within the study area of 1890.82 km2, at least 5517 landslide geomorphologies were identified, covering an area of 434.43 km2, with landslide‐affected areas accounting for approximately 22.98% of the total area. The largest single landslide area is 1.62 × 106 m2, while the smallest single landslide area is 880.22 m2, with an average landslide area of 78743.04 m2. The highest landslide point density reached 11.5 km−2. More than 80% of the landslides were distributed in the townships of Qianhe, Zhongchuan, Guanting, and Bazhou. Landslides were predominantly distributed along the tributaries of the Huangshui and Yellow Rivers, with denser occurrences at river bends. In addition, some landslide geomorphologies are located in densely populated village areas, posing significant safety risks. These results provide valuable data support for further analysis of landslide spatial distribution in Minhe County, landslide risk assessment, and other related research.
Assessing the Reliability of Six Land Cover Products for Cropland Identification in a Large Irrigation District in China
Authors: Xing Yincong , Bai Peng , Li Yanzhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate information on cropland area is essential for agricultural development and planning. Here, we evaluated the performance of six land cover products (CLCD, MCD12Q1, CCI‐LC, GLC‐FCS, CNLUCC, and CACD) in identifying cropland extent in a large irrigation district of China from 1995 to 2020 based on visual interpretation samples. The results indicate that CACD performs best with an average kappa coefficient (KC) of 0.89, followed by CLCD (KC = 0.87), GLC‐FCS (KC = 0.75), CNLUCC (KC = 0.65), MCD12Q1 (KC = 0.49), and CCI‐LC (KC = 0.29). Additionally, the cropland area provided by statistical yearbooks is significantly lower than that identified by CACD, with an average underestimation of −34%. We also find that these land cover products exhibit poor consistency in identifying cropland. The average percentage of grids labeled as “completely consistent”—where all six products identify those grids as cropland—is only 16.0% across the entire irrigation district, highlighting the uncertainty of existing land cover products in identifying cropland areas.
Implementation and Validation of Domain Overlapping Coupling Between Computational Fluid Dynamics and System Thermal Hydraulics Using MOOSE
Authors: Coppo Leite Victor , Tano Retamales Mauricio E. , Charlot Lise C. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A hybrid multiscale coupling methodology based on a recently established domain overlapping approach was successfully implemented and tested for coupling system thermal-hydraulic (STH) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes considering both incompressible and compressible flows. While STH codes can evaluate large systems with multiple components by using a set of simplifying 1D closure correlations, they are not suitable for predicting many flow and heat transfer phenomena (e.g., 3D mixing and thermal stratification). These are relevant aspects for analyzing different nuclear reactor concepts, including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, molten-salt reactors, and sodium fast reactors. Despite being more computationally expensive, CFD calculations can accurately retrieve these local effects, and the coupled simulations ensure that both methods are being fully taken advantage of.
To form a canonical test matrix, we selected isothermal pipe flows under stationary conditions with a known analytical solution. Both incompressible and compressible fluids were tested using CFD and STH standalone models, as well as their coupled counterparts. This work was accomplished using the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), an open-source framework developed by Idaho National Laboratory for conducting multiscale, multiphysics simulations. The models proved to predict pressure and velocity values that are in good agreement with the reference solutions. Thus, this study demonstrates the ability of the overlapping domain coupling in dealing with viscous and compressible effects, as well as its application within the context of the MOOSE framework.
Fatal case of community-acquired pneumonia coinfected with monkeypox virus: clinical and autopsy findings
Authors: Abdo Anselmo , Rabell Sergio , Simón Fidel , Quintero Zaddy , de Armas María C. , Espinosa Namibia , Quiles Lianet , Paneque Ileana , Duran Karel , Martínez Genny , Pérez Luis M. , Pérez Yenisey , Castellanos Roberto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Monkeypox (Mpox) has been declared an international public health emergency. The Mpox infection is commonly auto-limited. However, complications, such as secondary bacterial infection, including pneumonitis and encephalitis, have been described, which can lead to death. We report the clinical evolution and autopsy findings of a patient with an atypical presentation and clinical course.

Case Summary
The patient had no significant past medical history and was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and monkeypox virus co-infection. The studied subject developed cardiorespiratory arrest with asystole and hypoxic encephalopathy, leading to death around 72 h after hospitalization. The main macroscopic findings in the lungs were condensation associated with bronchopneumonia in the lower regions of both lungs and not thrombi in the pulmonary artery. In the heart, no myocardial abnormalities and no evidence of valvular or vascular abnormalities were observed. Congestion was found in the kidneys and liver. Moderate to severe edema along with congestion of the leptomeninges was found in the brain. The main histopathological findings were lung tissue with diffuse lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, hemorrhagic necrosis of alveolar septa, vascular congestion, and intra-alveolar edema. The perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in Virchow–Robin spaces was suggestive of encephalic abnormalities. Differentiation between complications due to Mpox and complications associated with Mpox was a limitation due to the lack of immunohistochemical and molecular studies in tissues.

Conclusion
This case illustrates the severe Mpox disease that can be developed in immunocompetent, non-HIV individuals and the possible association of Mpox with other infectious diseases acquired in the community.