bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed granulomatous reaction and cutaneous fistula induced by retained electrodes from a cardiac pacemaker in a child
Authors: Sánchez‐Los Arcos Leire , Feito‐Rodríguez Marta , Rodríguez Bandera Ana Isabel , González‐López Guillermo , de Lucas‐Laguna Raúl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPermanent epicardial pacing wires are sometimes left in place and can lead to long‐term complications. We report on a case of a granulomatous reaction with a cutaneous fistula secondary to the retained epicardial pacing wires in a child and highlight the relevance of sonography as an additional tool in the diagnosis and management of dermatologic conditions.
Intermediary roles in regulatory programs: Toward a role‐based framework
Authors: Kourula Arno , Paukku Markus , Peterman Andrew , Koria Mikko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a role‐based framework of intermediaries in regulatory programs. In examining the types of roles that organizations adopt in regulation and governance, we argue that roles have important implications for understanding organizational and program level dynamism and outcomes. We use the Regulator–Intermediary–rule‐Taker framework to describe how organizational roles can be adopted through assignment, appropriation, or promotion. We then go deeper into how intermediaries adopt a variety of different roles in key regulatory programs. We examine generic intermediary roles across programs that involve four main groups of activities: creating and/or organizing, coordinating between programs, supporting implementation, and voicing an opinion. All in all, our role‐based framework allows for a novel relational way to understand interorganizational and institutional dynamism in complex, interactive, and ever‐changing regulatory regimes.
Trust and foreign ownership: Evidence from intra‐European foreign direct investments
Authors: Da Rin Marco , Di Giacomo Marina , Sembenelli Alessandro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe use a novel firm‐level dataset to test whether trust affects the volume and the ownership structure FDI across Europe. Our methodology deals with the endogeneity of trust from the investor to the recipient country. We expect such a trust measure to affect investment decisions, and the associated knowledge capital, differently across types of foreign investors. In particular, this effect is expected to be stronger for industrial investors who possess transferable knowledge capital. The data confirm our predictions. Higher trust increases the number and volume of FDIs, but also the probability of co‐investing with a partner from the recipient country.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a custom‐made toothbrush in maintaining oral hygiene and gingival health in cerebral palsy patients
Authors: Rai Trupthi , YM Karuna , Rao Ashwin , P Anupama Nayak , Natarajan Srikant , Joseph Rose Maria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of customized toothbrushes in maintenance of oral hygiene and gingival health with that of conventional toothbrushes in children with cerebral palsy.MethodsThirty patients with cerebral palsy in the age group of 6 to 18 years were randomly divided into two groups—group I (normal toothbrush) and group II (customized toothbrush). Common oral hygiene instructions were given to both the groups. Before beginning the study, plaque index (PI) and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded, following which patients were made to practice their routine twice a day brushing with either normal toothbrush or custom‐made toothbrush for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, PI and MGI were rerecorded. The subjects belonging to group II were also made to perform muscle exercises using the modified brush head.ResultsSignificantly high percentage drop between the pre‐ and post‐PI as well as MGI (31.55% and 30.23%, respectively) was observed in the custom‐made toothbrush group, while the percentage drop of only 8.34% (PI) and 14.51% (MGI) was seen in the normal toothbrush group.ConclusionsCustom‐made tooth brushes increased the efficiency of maintaining oral hygiene and gingival health of individuals with cerebral palsy.
Association between breaks in sitting time and adiposity in Australian toddlers: Results from the GET‐UP! study
Authors: Sousa‐Sá Eduarda , Pereira João R. , Zhang Zhiguang , Veldman Sanne L. C. , Okely Anthony D. , Santos Rute 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundIn youth, research on the health benefits of breaking up sitting time is inconsistent. Our aim was to explore the association between the number of breaks in sitting time and adiposity in Australian toddlers.MethodsThis study comprised 266 toddlers (52% boys), aged 19.6 ± 4.2 months from the GET‐UP! Study, Australia. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and z‐scores by age and sex were computed for waist circumference (WC). Participants were classified as overweight according to the WHO criteria for BMI. For WC, participants with a z‐score≥1SD were considered overweight. Sitting time was assessed with activPALs during childcare hours and participants were classified by tertiles of the number of breaks/h in sitting time: <26 breaks/h; 26‐39 breaks/h, and >39 breaks/h. Logistic regression assessed odds ratios for non‐overweight (BMI or waist circumference categories) by number of breaks in sitting time/h, controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.ResultsThe number of breaks in sitting time significantly predicted a lower weight status (non‐overweight) according to WC values (P for trend = 0.032) after adjustments.ConclusionsBreaking up sitting time was positively associated with toddlers’ waist circumference. Future studies are needed to determine whether breaking up sitting time is a protective for cardiometabolic health in toddlers.
Decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in the Swedish working force between 1995 and 2017
Authors: Ekblom‐Bak Elin , Ekblom Örjan , Andersson Gunnar , Wallin Peter , Söderling Jonas , Hemmingsson Erik , Ekblom Björn 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLong‐term trend analyses of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) in the general population are limited.ObjectivesTo describe trends in VO2max from 1995 to 2017 in the Swedish working force and to study developments across categories of sex, age, education, and geographic regions.MethodsA total of 354 277 participants (44% women, 18‐74 years) who participated in a nationwide occupational health service screening between 1995 and 2017 were included. Changes in standardized mean values of absolute (L/min) and relative (mL/min/kg) VO2max, and the proportion with low (<32) relative VO2max are reported. VO2max was estimated using a submaximal cycle test.ResultsAbsolute VO2max decreased by −6.7% (−0.19 L/min) in the total population. Relative VO2max decreased by −10.8% (−4.2 mL/min/kg) with approximately one‐third explained by a simultaneous increase in body mass. Decreases in absolute fitness were more pronounced in men vs women (8.7% vs 5.3%), in younger vs older (6.5% vs 2.3%), in short (11.4%) vs long (4.5%) education, and in rural vs urban regions (6.5% vs 3.5%), all P < 0.001. The proportions with low VO2max increased from 27% to 46% (P < 0.001).ConclusionBetween 1995 and 2017, there was a steady and pronounced decline in mean cardiorespiratory fitness in Swedish adults. Male gender, young age, short education, and living in a rural area were predictive of greater reductions. The proportion with low cardiorespiratory fitness almost doubled. Given the strong associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple morbidities and mortality, preventing further decreases is a clear public health priority, especially for vulnerable groups.
Voter ID Laws: A View from the Public*
Authors: Gronke Paul , Hicks William D. , McKee Seth C. , Stewart Charles , Dunham James 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe proliferation of voter identification (ID) laws in the American states has spawned a growing literature examining their causes and effects. We move in a different direction, focusing on public opinion toward these laws.MethodsDrawing on a battery of questions in the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we explore why some respondents believe these laws prevent fraud while others believe they disadvantage political participation.ResultsWe find that partisanship shapes respondents’ attitudes about the effects of voter ID laws, but in different ways. Democrats, whose opinions vary according to ideology, education, attention to politics, and racial resentment, are divided. Republicans, however, are markedly more united in their support of voter ID laws.ConclusionsThese differences, we argue, are consistent with an elite‐to‐mass message transmission reflecting the current context of polarized party politics and the variation in the voter coalitions comprising the Democratic and Republican parties.
Target of rapamycin‐signaling modulates starch accumulation via glycogenin phosphorylation status in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Pancha Imran , Shima Hiroki , Higashitani Nahoko , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Higashitani Atsushi , Tanaka Kan , Imamura Sousuke 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY
The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is involved in starch accumulation in various eukaryotic organisms; however, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon in eukaryotes has not been elucidated. We report a regulatory mechanism of starch accumulation by TOR in the unicellular red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The starch content in C. merolae after TOR‐inactivation by rapamycin, a TOR‐specific inhibitor, was increased by approximately 10‐fold in comparison with its drug vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide. However, our previous transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism was unaffected by rapamycin, indicating that starch accumulation is regulated at post‐transcriptional levels. In this study, we performed a phosphoproteome analysis using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to investigate potential post‐transcriptional modifications, and identified 52 proteins as candidate TOR substrates. Among the possible substrates, we focused on the function of CmGLG1, because its phosphorylation at the Ser613 residue was decreased after rapamycin treatment, and overexpression of CmGLG1 resulted in a 4.7‐fold higher starch content. CmGLG1 is similar to the priming protein, glycogenin, which is required for the initiation of starch/glycogen synthesis, and a budding yeast complementation assay demonstrated that CmGLG1 can functionally substitute for glycogenin. We found an approximately 60% reduction in the starch content in a phospho‐mimicking CmGLG1 overexpression strain, in which Ser613 was substituted with aspartic acid, in comparison with the wild‐type CmGLG1 overexpression cells. Our results indicate that TOR modulates starch accumulation by changing the phosphorylation status of the CmGLG1 Ser613 residue in C. merolae.
SLC6A14
Is a Genetic Modifier of Cystic Fibrosis That Regulates
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Attachment to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Di Paola Michelle , Park Amber J. , Ahmadi Saumel , Roach Elyse J. , Wu Yu-Sheng , Struder-Kypke Michaela , Lam Joseph S. , Bear Christine E. , Khursigara Cezar M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the
CFTR
gene and is associated with progressive and ultimately fatal infectious lung disease. There can be considerable variability in disease severity among individuals with the same
CFTR
mutations, and recent genome-wide association studies have identified secondary genetic factors that contribute to this. One of these modifier genes is
SLC6A14
, which encodes an amino acid transporter. Importantly, variants of this gene have been associated with age at first acquisition of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. In this study, we aimed to determine the function of SLC6A14 in airway epithelia and how it might affect colonization by
P. aeruginosa
. We show that
SLC6A14
is expressed in respiratory epithelial cells and transports
l
-arginine out of the airway surface liquid (ASL). Exposure of airway epithelia to flagellin from
P. aeruginosa
led to upregulation of
SLC6A14
expression and increased SLC6A14-dependent uptake of
l
-arginine from the ASL. In support of the hypothesis that
l
-arginine affects
P. aeruginosa
attachment, we showed that
l
-arginine supplementation promoted
P. aeruginosa
attachment to an abiotic surface in a dose-dependent manner. In a coculture model, we found that inhibition of SLC6A14-dependent
l
-arginine transport enhanced
P. aeruginosa
attachment. In
Slc6a14
−/y
(knockout) mice,
P. aeruginosa
attachment to lung tissue was also significantly enhanced. Together, these findings suggest that SLC6A14 activity plays a role in the modification of the initial stages of airway infection by altering the level of
l
-arginine in the ASL, which in turn affects the attachment of
P. aeruginosa
.

IMPORTANCE
CF patients with shared
CFTR
gene mutations show significant variability in their clinical presentation of infectious lung disease. Genome-wide association studies have been used to identify secondary genetic factors that may explain the variable susceptibility to infection by opportunistic pathogens, including
P. aeruginosa
, the leading cause of pathogen-induced lung damage in nonpediatric CF patients. Once identified and characterized, these secondary genetic modifiers may allow for the development of personalized medicine for patients and ultimately the extension of life. In this study, we interrogated the biological role of one of these modifiers,
SLC6A14
, and showed that it contributes to host defense by depleting extracellular arginine (an attachment-promoting metabolite for
P. aeruginosa
) from the airway surface liquid.
Strengthening the quality of paediatric primary care: protocol for the process evaluation of a health systems intervention in South Africa
Authors: Murdoch Jamie , Curran Robyn , Bachmann Max , Bateman Eric , Cornick Ruth Vania , Doherty Tanya , Picken Sandra Claire , Simelane Makhosazana Lungile , Fairall Lara 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundDespite significant reductions in mortality, preventable and treatable conditions remain the leading causes of death in children under five within South Africa. The WHO’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) programme has been widely implemented to address the most common causes of mortality in children under five. Although effective, limitations in IMCI scope and adherence have emerged. The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) Child guide has been developed to expand on IMCI and address these limitations. It is intended as a clinical decision support tool for health workers with additional systems strengthening components, including active implementation and training strategy to address contextual and organisational factors hindering quality of care for children. Implementation is complex, requiring comprehensive pilot and process evaluation. The PACK Child pilot and feasibility study will sample 10 primary care facilities in the Western Cape Province. Staff will be trained to integrate the PACK Child guide into routine practice. The process evaluation will investigate implementation and health systems components to establish how to optimise delivery, strengthen IMCI principles and factors required to support effective and sustained uptake into everyday practice.MethodsMixed method process evaluation. Qualitative data include interviews with managers, staff, caregivers and policymakers; observations of training, consultations and clinic flow. Quantitative data include training logs and staff questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative analysis will be integrated to describe study sites and develop explanations for implementation variation.DiscussionThe process evaluation will provide the opportunity to document implementation and refine the programme prior to a larger pragmatic trial or scale-up.
Pilot mixed-methods evaluation of interpersonal counselling for young people with depressive symptoms in non-specialist services
Authors: Wilkinson Paul Oliver , Cestaro Viktoria , Pinchen Ian 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe majority of young people receive treatment for depressive symptoms in the UK from staff with minimal specialist mental health/therapeutic training. There is no evidence to guide them as to what treatments are likely to be effective. Interpersonal counselling (IPC) is a reduced form of interpersonal psychotherapy and may be an appropriate treatment to use in this population.ObjectivesTo test the effectiveness and acceptability of IPC delivered by youth workers to young people with primarily depressive symptoms.MethodsYouth workers received a 2-day training course in IPC, followed by regular supervision. They delivered IPC to 23 young people who they would normally see in their service, with depressive symptoms as their main problem. Symptoms were assessed by the Revised Child Depression and Anxiety Scale (RCADS). Qualitative interviews of youth workers and young people assessed acceptability.FindingsMean (SD) RCADS depression-T scores fell from 78.2 (11.1) to 52.9 (16.8). All young people and youth workers interviewed were positive about it. Participants detailed specific advantages of IPC above standard counselling, including practical help, the use of goals, psychoeducation and integrating a self-rated questionnaire into treatment.Conclusions and clinical implicationsIPC is likely to be an effective and acceptable treatment for young people with primarily depressive symptoms seen in local authority non-specialist mental health services. Further research is needed to determine if it is more effective than current treatment as usual.
Association between apparent temperature and acute coronary syndrome admission in Rasht, Iran
Authors: Moghadamnia Mohammad Taghi , Ardalan Ali , Mesdaghinia Alireza , Naddafi Kazem , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveOur objective was to assess the relations between apparent temperature and incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Rasht, Iran.MethodsWe used a time-series analysis to investigate the relationship between apparent temperature and hospital admission from 2005 to 2014. Distributed lag non-linear models were used to estimate the association between ACS hospitalisation and apparent temperature. To examine the high-temperature effect on ACS hospital admission, the relative risk of ACS hospital admission associated with high temperature, the 99th percentile of temperature (34.7°C) compared with the 75th percentile of temperature (26.9°C), was calculated. To assess the cold effect on ACS hospital admission, the relative risk of ACS hospital admission associated with cold temperature, the first percentile of temperature (−0.2°C) compared with the 25th percentile of temperature (8.2°C), was evaluated.ResultsThe cumulative effect of hot exposure on ACS admissions was statistically significant, with a relative risk of 2.04 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.16). The cumulative effect of cold temperature on ACS admissions was found to be non-significant. The highest risk of ACS admission in women was in 38°C (RR, 2.03, 95%  CI 1.04 to 4.18). The effect of hot temperature on ACS admission occurred immediately (lag 0) (RR, 1.09, 95%  CI 1.001 to 1.19).ConclusionsThe high apparent temperature is correlated with a higher ACS admission especially on the same day. These findings may have implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce and prevent temperature-related morbidity especially in the elderly.
Daily physical activity patterns among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA)
Authors: Pulakka Anna , Leskinen Tuija , Koster Annemarie , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesPhysical activity is associated with the aging workers' ability to work and predicts working beyond retirement age. To better understand physical activity behaviour in this growing population group, we aimed at characterising 24-hour physical activity patterns among aging workers, and to describe the association between occupational category and total, occupational and leisure-time physical activities.MethodsWe included 878 workers (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.1, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study, who wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 1 week. We plotted mean hourly activity counts per minute (CPM) for working days and days off. We also compared mean daily CPM between genders and occupations between working days and days off, and work and leisure time by using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsActivity patterns were different between genders, occupations and types of the day. Women (2580, 95% CI 2540 to 2620) had higher daily mean CPM than men (2110, 95% CI 2020 to 2000). Women in manual occupations were more active than women in non-manual occupations during working days. The differences among men were in the same direction but less pronounced than among women. We found no differences in activity levels between occupations during days off and leisure time on working days.ConclusionsIn aging workers, physical activity differs by gender and occupation during working time, but not during leisure time. As low physical activity is associated with increased risk of early exit from employment, physical activity should be promoted at workplaces, especially among men and people in non-manual occupations.
Polyamine homeostasis in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses
Authors: Shelp Barry J. , Deyman Kristen L. , DeEll Jennifer R. , Bozzo Gale G. 
Published: October 2018

‘Empire’ apples were stored at 0 °C or 3 °C with 0.03 or 5 kPa CO2 and 2.5 kPa O2 for 16 wk. Pools of free, soluble conjugated and bound putrescine, spermidine, and spermine fluctuated in a dynamic manner in response to both temperature and CO2. These results suggest that putrescine homeostasis is under different regulatory control than spermidine/spermine homeostasis.
Variation of phenotypic responses to lighting using a combination of red and blue light-emitting diodes versus darkness in seedlings of 18 vegetable genotypes
Authors: Kong Yun , Zheng Youbin 
Published: October 2018

The objectives of this study were to identify traits and screen genotypes sensitive to narrow-waveband light-emitting diode light in 18 vegetable genotypes. Their phenotypic plasticity responses were examined under a combination of red (85%) and blue (15%) light-emitting diodes relative to darkness from seed germination to cotyledon unfolding. The photosynthetic photon flux density was around 316 μmol m−2s−1and the photoperiod was 17 h. Generally, light vs. dark delayed germination by reducing germination rate and increasing spread time of germination; inhibited shoot growth by reducing shoot length and fresh mass; promoted root growth by increasing root length, diameter, branching, and fresh mass; and promoted genotype-inherent colouring in leaves and stems. Shoot colour, shoot length, and (or) root branching showed higher plasticity indices than other plant traits in response to light, suggesting that some or all of these plant traits are more sensitive to lighting across the tested genotypes. Using cluster analysis based on the plasticity index, the 18 genotypes were separated into six groups that expressed response sensitivity to part or all of the above-mentioned traits. Based on the average plasticity index of all the tested plant traits, the 18 genotypes were graded into four groups using the Fisher optimal partition. Small- vs. large-seed species and the red- vs. green-leaf/root cultivars within the same species showed higher phenotypic plasticity indices in most cases, suggesting that they are more sensitive to lighting.