bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of oronasal breathing among obstructive sleep apnea patients and controls
Authors: Nascimento Juliana A. , Genta Pedro R. , Fernandes Paulo H.S. , Barroso Lucia P. , Carvalho Tômas S. , Moriya Henrique T. , Madeiro Fernanda , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Nakagawa Naomi Kondo 
Published: August 2019

Oronasal breathing may adversely impact obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients either by increasing upper airway collapsibility or by influencing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment outcomes. Predicting a preferential breathing route would be helpful to guide CPAP interface prescription. We hypothesized that anthropometric measurements but not self-reported oronasal breathing are predictors of objectively measured oronasal breathing. Seventeen OSA patients and nine healthy subjects underwent overnight polysomnography with an oronasal mask with two sealed compartments attached to independent pneumotacographs. Subjects answered questionnaires about nasal symptoms and perceived breathing route. Oronasal breathing was more common ( P = <0.001) among OSA patients than controls while awake (62 ± 44 vs. 5 ± 6%) and during sleep (59 ± 39 vs. 25 ± 21%, respectively). Oronasal breathing was associated with OSA severity ( P = 0.009), age ( P = 0.005), body mass index ( P = 0.044), and neck circumference ( P = 0.004). There was no agreement between objective measurement and self-reported breathing route among OSA patients while awake (κ = −0.12) and asleep (κ = −0.02). The breathing route remained unchanged after 92% of obstructive apneas. These results suggest that oronasal breathing is more common among OSA patients than controls during both wakefulness and sleep and is associated with OSA severity and anthropometric measures. Self-reporting is not a reliable predictor of oronasal breathing and should not be considered an indication for oronasal CPAP. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface choice for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is often guided by nasal symptoms and self-reported breathing route. We showed that oronasal breathing can be predicted by anthropometric measurements and OSA severity but not by self-reported oronasal breathing. Self-reported breathing and nasal symptoms should not be considered for CPAP interface choice.
Improved Drug Delivery to Brain Metastases by Peptide-Mediated Permeabilization of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Aasen Synnøve Nymark , Espedal Heidi , Holte Christopher Florian , Keunen Olivier , Karlsen Tine Veronika , Tenstad Olav , Maherally Zaynah , Miletic Hrvoje , Hoang Tuyen , Eikeland Anne Vaag , Baghirov Habib , Olberg Dag Erlend , Pilkington Geoffrey John , Sarkar Gobinda , Jenkins Robert B. , Sundstrøm Terje , Bjerkvig Rolf , Thorsen Frits 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Patients with melanoma have a high risk of developing brain metastasis, which is associated with a dismal prognosis. During early stages of metastasis development, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is likely intact, which inhibits sufficient drug delivery into the metastatic lesions. We investigated the ability of the peptide, K16ApoE, to permeabilize the BBB for improved treatment with targeted therapies preclinically. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was carried out on NOD/SCID mice to study the therapeutic window of peptide-mediated BBB permeabilization. Further, both in vivo and in vitro assays were used to determine K16ApoE toxicity and to obtain mechanistic insight into its action on the BBB. The therapeutic impact of K16ApoE on metastases was evaluated combined with the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor dabrafenib, targeting BRAF mutated melanoma cells, which is otherwise known not to cross the intact BBB. Our results from the DCE-MRI experiments showed effective K16ApoE-mediated BBB permeabilization lasting for up to 1 hour. Mechanistic studies showed a dose-dependent effect of K16ApoE caused by induction of endocytosis. At concentrations above IC50, the peptide additionally showed nonspecific disturbances on plasma membranes. Combined treatment with K16ApoE and dabrafenib reduced the brain metastatic burden in mice and increased animal survival, and PET/CT showed that the peptide also facilitated the delivery of compounds with molecular weights as large as 150 kDa into the brain. To conclude, we demonstrate a transient permeabilization of the BBB, caused by K16ApoE, that facilitates enhanced drug delivery into the brain. This improves the efficacy of drugs that otherwise do not cross the intact BBB.
Expression Levels of Therapeutic Targets as Indicators of Sensitivity to Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Roy Riti , Winteringham Louise N. , Lassmann Timo , Forrest Alistair R.R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cancer precision medicine aims to predict the drug likely to yield the best response for a patient. Genomic sequencing of tumors is currently being used to better inform treatment options; however, this approach has had a limited clinical impact due to the paucity of actionable mutations. An alternative to mutation status is the use of gene expression signatures to predict response. Using data from two large-scale studies, The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity of Cancer (GDSC) and The Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP), we investigated the relationship between the sensitivity of hundreds of cell lines to hundreds of drugs, and the relative expression levels of the targets these drugs are directed against. For approximately one third of the drugs considered (73/222 in GDSC and 131/360 in CTRP), sensitivity was significantly correlated with the expression of at least one of the known targets. Surprisingly, for 8% of the annotated targets, there was a significant anticorrelation between target expression and sensitivity. For several cases, this corresponded to drugs targeting multiple genes in the same family, with the expression of one target significantly correlated with sensitivity and another significantly anticorrelated suggesting a possible role in resistance. Furthermore, we identified nontarget genes that are significantly correlated or anticorrelated with drug sensitivity, and find literature linking several to sensitization and resistance. Our analyses provide novel and important insights into both potential mechanisms of resistance and relative efficacy of drugs against the same target.
THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN RICE VARIETIES
Authors: Susiyanti Susiyanti , Rusmana Rusmana , Maryani Yeyen , Sjaifuddin Sjaifuddin , Krisdianto Nanang , Syabana Mohamad Ana 
Published: August 2019

Rice has different varieties, with each variety possessing diverse physical and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of several Indonesian local rice varieties. The experiment was conducted from March to April 2017 at the Agriculture Applied Technology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa and at the Laboratory of Food Analysis Services in the Food and Technology Department of IPB University. Nine local rice varieties from several areas in Indonesia were used as samples, namely; Jalahawara, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi, Rojolele, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman, Cisantana, and Sidrap. Their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed based on some criteria such as: physical quality (weight, length, width, form, and percentage of chalkiness), and chemical content, water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, starch, amylose, and amylopectin content. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using a Randomized Block Design. Jalahawara has the highest percentage of chalkiness.Â Based on the ratio of length and width, Sidrap and Ciherang were categorized as medium type and the others were oval/round. The heaviest and lightest based onÂ the 1000-grain weight of rice were Ciherang and Bendang Pulau, respectively. The water content was about 2-4% for all samples. The highest and lowest amount of ash and fat content were found in Sidrap and Sokan, respectively.Â The highest and lowest amount of protein content were found in Batang Piaman and Sokan, respectively. The highest and lowest Â starch content were observed in Pandan Wangi and Ciherang. The content of amylose and amylopectin were highest in Batang Piaman. The rice samples were categorized into two groups of low and medium levels of amylose. The low level of amylose were observed in Cisantana, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi and Sidrap, and the medium level of amylose were observed in Jalahawara, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman, and Rojolele.
REGULATION OF ADIPOGENESIS AND KEY ADIPOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION BY MANGOSTEEN PERICARP EXTRACT AND XANTHONES IN 3T3-L1 CELLS
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , Darsono Lusiana , Suherman Jo , Afifah Ervi , Rizal Rizal , Arinta Yukko , Mozef Tjandrawati , Suciati Tri 
Published: August 2019

Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis and its fat occurrence and development are associated with fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation.Â Thus, the suppression of adipocyte differentiation can be a potential anti-obesity approach to this health concern. This study examined the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) and xanthone (Î±-Mangostin (AM) and Î³-Mangostin (GM)) on the expression of PPARÎ³, C/EBPÎ±, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. Concentrations of MPE and xanthones used were based on the cytotoxic assay on 3T3-L1 cells. Three different MPE concentrations (0, 25, and 50 Âµg/ml) and three different AM concentrations (0, 25 and 50 ÂµM) and GM (0, 50, and 75 ÂµM) were used in the experiment. The expressions of PPARÎ³, C/EBPÎ±, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of the genes was down-regulated in the group of cells treated with 50 Âµg/ml of MPE and 50 ÂµM of GM. However, the 25 ÂµM and 50 ÂµM of AM did not suppress PPARÎ³ and SCD-1 expression. The 50 ÂµM of AM also failed to reduce aP2 gene expression. Finally, MPE and GM showed potential anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects by suppressing the expression of PPARÎ³, C/EBPÎ±, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ and FAS genes in 3T3-L1 cells.
Calcification in Human Intracranial Aneurysms Is Highly Prevalent and Displays Both Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic Types
Authors: Gade Piyusha S. , Tulamo Riikka , Lee Kee-won , Mut Fernando , Ollikainen Eliisa , Chuang Chih-Yuan , Jae Chung Bong , Niemelä Mika , Rezai Jahromi Behnam , Aziz Khaled , Yu Alexander , Charbel Fady T. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Frösen Juhana , Cebral Juan R. , Robertson Anne M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Although the clinical and biological importance of calcification is well recognized for the extracerebral vasculature, its role in cerebral vascular disease, particularly, intracranial aneurysms (IAs), remains poorly understood. Extracerebrally, 2 distinct mechanisms drive calcification, a nonatherosclerotic, rapid mineralization in the media and a slower, inflammation driven, atherosclerotic mechanism in the intima. This study aims to determine the prevalence, distribution, and type (atherosclerotic, nonatherosclerotic) of calcification in IAs and assess differences in occurrence between ruptured and unruptured IAs.

Approach and Results:
Sixty-five 65 IA specimens (48 unruptured, 17 ruptured) were resected perioperatively. Calcification and lipid pools were analyzed nondestructively in intact samples using high resolution (0.35 μm) microcomputed tomography. Calcification is highly prevalent (78%) appearing as micro (<500 µm), meso (500 µm–1 mm), and macro (>1 mm) calcifications. Calcification manifests in IAs as both nonatherosclerotic (calcification distinct from lipid pools) and atherosclerotic (calcification in the presence of lipid pools) with 3 wall types: Type I—only calcification, no lipid pools (20/51, 39%), Type II—calcification and lipid pools, not colocalized (19/51, 37%), Type III—calcification colocalized with lipid pools (12/51, 24%). Ruptured IAs either had no calcifications or had nonatherosclerotic micro- or meso-calcifications (Type I or II), without macro-calcifications.

Conclusions:
Calcification in IAs is substantially more prevalent than previously reported and presents as both nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic types. Notably, ruptured aneurysms had only nonatherosclerotic calcification, had significantly lower calcification fraction, and did not contain macrocalcifications. Improved understanding of the role of calcification in IA pathology should lead to new therapeutic targets.
Regulation of Stress Granule Formation by Inflammation, Vascular Injury, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Herman Allison B. , Silva Afonso Milessa , Kelemen Sheri E. , Ray Mitali , Vrakas Christine N. , Burke Amy C. , Scalia Rosario G. , Moore Kathryn , Autieri Michael V. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic aggregates containing mRNA, RNA-binding proteins, and translation factors that form in response to cellular stress. SGs have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, but their role in vascular diseases is unknown. This study shows that SGs accumulate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages during atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques from LDLR
−
/−
mice revealed an increase in the stress granule-specific markers Ras-G3BP1 (GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein) and PABP (poly-A-binding protein) in intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells that correlated with disease progression. In vitro, PABP+ and G3BP1+ SGs were rapidly induced in VSMC and bone marrow–derived macrophages in response to atherosclerotic stimuli, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein and mediators of mitochondrial or oxidative stress. We observed an increase in eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha) phosphorylation, a requisite for stress granule formation, in cells exposed to these stimuli. Interestingly, SG formation, PABP expression, and eIF2α phosphorylation in VSMCs is reversed by treatment with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-19. Microtubule inhibitors reduced stress granule accumulation in VSMC, suggesting cytoskeletal regulation of stress granule formation. SG formation in VSMCs was also observed in other vascular disease pathologies, including vascular restenosis. Reduction of SG component G3BP1 by siRNA significantly altered expression profiles of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative genes.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that SG formation is a common feature of the vascular response to injury and disease, and that modification of inflammation reduces stress granule formation in VSMC.
Association of Blood Pressure During Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Functional Outcome
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Fahed Robert , Khoury Naim , Guenego Adrien , Labreuche Julien , Taylor Guillaume , Blacher Jacques , Zuber Mathieu , Lapergue Bertrand , Blanc Raphaël , Piotin Michel , Mazighi Mikael 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Optimal blood pressure (BP) targets during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are unknown, and randomized controlled trials addressing this issue are lacking. We aimed to perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the influence of periprocedural BP on functional outcome after MT.

Methods—
Studies assessing periprocedural BP effect on functional outcome published after January 1st, 2012 were included in the systematic review. The PRISMA checklist and flow diagram were followed for the design and reporting of this work.

Results—

Nine studies were included, for a total of 1037 patients. The heterogeneity in findings with respect to BP monitoring and studied parameters precluded a meta-analysis. Mean arterial pressure was the most frequently reported parameter to describe BP variability during MT, and systolic BP was the main parameter used to define periprocedural BP targets. Five studies suggested an association between 3 types of BP drops as predictors of poor functional outcome at 3 months: >40% drop in mean arterial pressure compared with baseline (odds ratio=2.8; [1.09–7.19];
P
=0.032), lowest mean arterial pressure before recanalization (odds ratio=1.28; [1.01–1.62] per 10 mm Hg drop below 100 mm Hg;
P
=0.04), and MAP drops (odds ratio=4.38; [1.53–12.6] for drops >10%). Four studies did not show an association between BP during MT and functional outcome, including 3 studies with strict periprocedural systolic BP targets (within a 140–180 mm Hg).

Conclusions—
BP drops during MT may be associated with a worse functional outcome. When strict systolic BP targets are achieved, no association between BP and functional outcome was also noted. Both conclusions require further evaluation in randomized studies.
“Are there Legal Texts in the Hebrew Bible that Evince a Concern for Animal Rights?”
Authors: Olyan Saul M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Much has been written about animal rights in the four decades since the appearance of Peter Singer’s classic monograph Animal Liberation (1975) and not a few studies consider – often in passing – what biblical texts have to contribute to debates about animal rights. These studies are, however, almost exclusively the work of non-specialists. I begin to address this dearth of professional scholarship on this topic by exploring what four biblical laws – Exod. 23:10-11, 12; Lev. 25:2-7 and Deut. 5:12-15 – might suggest about the legal standing of animals. As legal scholar Gary L. Francione states, “[W]e normally use [the term “rights”] to describe a type of protection that does not evaporate in the face of consequential considerations.” In this article, I consider whether the four biblical laws in question meet this standard.
How Are Humans Animals? The Human as a Subject of Behavioral Ecology Textbooks
Authors: Hildyard Daisy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the presentation of humans as a subject of ecological and behavioral study in academic biology textbooks and essay collections. It aims to expand a channel of inquiry into the ways in which human relationships with other species are articulated in scientific discourse during an era of anthropogenic climate change (the Anthropocene). Both humans and nonhumans are subjects of behavioral ecology because they undergo evolutionary adaptation. However, the notion that biologists can use evolutionary adaptation to explain human behavior has been much disputed. The article uses literary analysis to argue that a range of behavioral ecology publications, which all use evolutionary adaptation to explain biological processes, employ a variety of textual strategies to situate the human in relation to other species. Rather than arguing that any single approach is particularly appropriate, the focus is on variety as a sign of the complexity of contemporary human and nonhuman identities.
An Examination of Communicative Negotiation of Non-Rescue Dog Stigma
Authors: Romo Lynsey K. , Lloyd Rachel , Grimaila Zoe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently the pressure to rescue dogs has increased, alongside the number of people opting to adopt dogs from shelters. Yet, many canines acquired in the U.S. are purchased from breeders, potentially resulting in pushback or difficult interactions. Using Communication Privacy Management and facework lenses, this study examined how individuals who bought dogs from breeders or pet shops negotiate communication and interpersonal challenges surrounding their non-rescue dogs. Through interviews of 41 guardians, the investigation found people with dogs they did not rescue carefully managed disclosure and faced threats amidst “non-rescue stigma.” Specifically, non-rescue guardians weighed the risks and rewards when determining whether and how to reveal the source of their dog. By providing excuses and justifications, guardians were able to remediate face threats and present a more desirable identity, particularly among guardians of rescue dogs.
Smooth snake population decline and its link with prey availability
Authors: Reading Christopher , Jofré Gabriela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The relationship between the numbers of smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca, and common lizards, Zootoca vivipara, was investigated in a 6.5 ha area of lowland heath within Wareham Forest in southern England. With the exception of 2002 the numbers of lizards, small mammals and individual smooth snakes captured, or observed, were recorded during each of 21 annual surveys between May and October 1997-2018. Smooth snake diet was investigated annually between 2004 and 2015 by analysing faecal samples and showed that lizards, particularly the common lizard, and pigmy shrews, Sorex minutus, were important prey species. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of any small mammal species and either snake numbers or their presence in smooth snake diet. Over the study period there was an overall decline in the number of smooth snakes captured whilst there was an overall increase in the number of common lizard sightings. The frequency of common lizards found in the diet of smooth snakes was positively correlated with their abundance within the study area. There was a significant correlation between the decline of smooth snake numbers and the subsequent increase in the number of common lizard sightings suggesting that lizard abundance may be controlled by snake numbers. Conversely, we found no evidence indicating that smooth snake numbers were dependent on lizard numbers suggesting that factors other than prey availability e.g. habitat change due to cattle grazing, blocking ground water drainage ditches, or climatic variables, were impacting on snake numbers, particularly between 2012 and 2018.
A Semi-Implicit Compressible Model for Atmospheric Flows with Seamless Access to Soundproof and Hydrostatic Dynamics
Authors: Benacchio Tommaso , Klein Rupert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen written in conservation form for mass, momentum, and density-weighted potential temperature, and with Exner pressure in the momentum equation, the pseudoincompressible model and the hydrostatic model only differ from the full compressible equations by some additive terms. This structural proximity is transferred here to a numerical discretization providing seamless access to all three analytical models. The semi-implicit second-order scheme discretizes the rotating compressible equations by evolving full variables, and, optionally, with two auxiliary fields that facilitate the construction of an implicit pressure equation. Time steps are constrained by the advection speed only as a result. Borrowing ideas on forward-in-time differencing, the algorithm reframes the authors’ previously proposed schemes into a sequence of implicit midpoint step, advection step, and implicit trapezoidal step. Compared with existing approaches, results on benchmarks of nonhydrostatic- and hydrostatic-scale dynamics are competitive. The tests include a new planetary-scale gravity wave test that highlights the scheme’s ability to run with large time steps and to access multiple models. The advancement represents a sizeable step toward generalizing the authors’ acoustics-balanced initialization strategy to also cover the hydrostatic case in the framework of an all-scale blended multimodel solver.