bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing Theories for Improving Teacher Preparation Programs: The Case of North Carolina
Authors: McDiarmid G. Williamson 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Written from the prospective of a school of education dean, the article describes how deans worked with researchers and university system staff to develop multiple measures of teacher preparation program (TPP) quality. Design/Approach/Methods: As a key participant in the development of a multi-methods approach to evaluating (TPP) quality, the author frequently interacted with the university system oversight staff, the researchers tasked with measuring TPP quality, and the school of education deans. The article draws on his experience in collaborating with individuals in these three groups over an 8-year period. The article also reviews the controversial history of hierarchical linear models as tools for evaluating TPPs. Findings: The author argues that over time and as a result of frequent conversations and discussions, the three groups collaborated in creating a data dashboard that provides TPP faculty with evidence that enables them to make data-informed improvements to their programs and satisfies policymakers’ interest in informing the public of TPP quality. Originality/Value: Few, if any, articles have been published that describe a collaborative process for creating a data repository that can inform the continuous improvement of TPPs and address policymakers’ concerns about teacher quality. Educators, researchers, and policymakers elsewhere may learn about how to develop a partnership focused on generating and using data in program improvement as well as the value of multiple measures in evaluating TPPs and informing policymakers.
From External Accountability to Potential-Oriented Development: Quality Assurance System Building for Teacher Preparation in China
Authors: Song Huan , Xu Miao 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: From the perspective of performance standards-based teacher education, this article aimed to address progress and challenges of China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system. Design/Approach/Methods: This review is based on policy review and case studies. Retrieving to the existing research literature, this research sorted out the policies related to the quality assurance system for university-based teacher preparation in China. Furthermore, this research selected teacher preparation programs from five cases of teacher education colleges of varied levels and used interviews to analyze their attitudes and measures. Findings: The analysis reveals that the quality system for university-based teacher preparation in China’s educational institutions has gone through two main stages: the building stage and the improvement stage. The internal policy tension in China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system is primarily centralized in the dissociation among and segmentation between the relevant standards for teacher education. There is a distinction between “soft” and “hard” policy standards, and reforming the teacher certification testing system also brings a test-oriented bias and a separation of evaluation from education. Institutions of higher education are expected to follow the path of potential-oriented development and concentrate on cooperative partnerships between local communities and schools so as to nurture innovative, professional future educators with high quality. Originality/Value: This article provides a comprehensive and detailed policy analysis as well as empirical evidence for the quality assurance system for university-based teacher preparation in China.
Assessing the Implementation of American College of Surgeons Quality Indicators for Pancreatic Cancer Across an Integrated Health System
Authors: Solomon Daniel , DeNicola Natasha , Feferman Yael , Feingold Daniela , Aycart Samantha N. , Magge Deepa R. , Golas Benjamin J. , Attiyeh Fadi , Labow Daniel M. , Sarpel Umut 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) recently published quality assurance (QA) indicators for pancreatic cancer care. Implementing quality indicators in a newly formed health system may lead to better patient selection and standardized cancer care. METHODS: Select ACS and internal quality indicators were implemented system wide in 2014. We compared compliance with these measures before and after their implementation at the main hospital and two new affiliate institutions. RESULTS: A total of 506 patients with pancreatic cancer were included. At the main hospital in the pre-QA period, 11 (12.6%) of 87 patients were discussed at our institutional multidisciplinary tumor board meeting; this number rose to 89 (49.7%) of 179 patients ( P < .001) after the implementation. Clinical TNM stage was documented in the electronic medical record in 75 patients (86.2%) in the pre-QA group; this number rose to 170 (94.9%; P = .026) in the post-QA era. External imaging of patients undergoing resection was uploaded in 10 (66.7%) of 15 patient cases in the pre-QA period; this number rose to 33 (93.4%) of 35 ( P = .020). Rates of time from diagnosis to treatment initiation shorter than 60 days were similar between eras (n = 26, 96.3% v n = 57, 95%). Implementation of QA measures at the affiliate institutions did not result in measurable differences. There were no differences in margin-negative resection rate, lymph node yield, or perioperative mortality after QA implementation at any site. CONCLUSION: The implementation of ACS quality indicators at our main hospital was feasible and effective for several measures, without delaying treatment. Instituting these indicators at lower-volume affiliates was more challenging.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Increases Postprandial Norepinephrine via Substance P (NK1 Receptor) During RAAS Inhibition
Authors: Wilson Jessica R , Kerman Scott Jafarian , Hubers Scott A , Yu Chang , Nian Hui , Grouzmann Eric , Eugster Philippe J , Mayfield Dustin S , Brown Nancy J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors may increase the risk of heart failure. Decreased degradation of vasoactive peptides like substance P [also degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)] and Y1 agonists peptide YY (PYY 1-36) and neuropeptide Y (NPY 1-36) could contribute.

Objective
This study tested the hypothesis that there is an interactive effect of DPP4 inhibition and ACE inhibition (vs antihypertensive control subjects) on vasoactive peptides after a mixed meal.

Participants and Design
Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were randomized to double-blind treatment with ramipril, valsartan, or amlodipine for 15 weeks in parallel groups. During the 5th, 10th, and 15th weeks, participants also received placebo + placebo, sitagliptin 100 mg/d + placebo, and sitagliptin + aprepitant 80 mg/d in random order. On the last day of each crossover treatment, participants underwent a mixed-meal study.

Results
Sitagliptin increased postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased glucose in all antihypertensive groups. Sitagliptin increased NPY 1-36 and decreased Y2 agonists NPY 3-36 and PYY 3-36 in all groups. During ramipril or valsartan, but not amlodipine, sitagliptin increased postprandial norepinephrine; substance P receptor blockade with aprepitant prevented this effect. Despite increased norepinephrine, sitagliptin decreased postprandial blood pressure during ACE inhibition.

Conclusion
DPP4 inhibition increases postprandial concentrations of the Y1 agonist NPY 1-36. During treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, DPP4 inhibition increased postprandial norepinephrine through a substance P receptor–dependent mechanism. Increased NPY 1-36 and norepinephrine could increase risk of heart failure but did not result in higher postprandial blood pressure.
High-Intensity Interval Training Is Feasible in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: COLETTA ADRIANA M. , BREWSTER ABENAA M. , CHEN MINXING , LI YISHENG , BEVERS THERESE B. , BASEN-ENGQUIST KAREN , GILCHRIST SUSAN C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This trial aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in postmenopausal, overweight/obese women at high risk of invasive breast cancer and to explore HIIT on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and usual care (UC).

Methods
Forty-four women were randomized to HIIT, MICT, or UC for a 12-wk, thrice weekly, supervised exercise intervention. HIIT included a 5-min warm-up at 50%–70% HRpeak, four cycles of 4 min at 90%–100% HRpeak, followed by 3 min at 50%–70% HRpeak. MICT consisted of 41 min at 60%–70% HRpeak. Feasibility was assessed by consent, adherence, compliance, and retention rates. CRF, body weight, and BMI were measured at baseline and end of study. Repeated-measures linear mixed models were used to assess within- and between-group differences.

Results
Average age was 63.9 ± 8.8 yr. BMI was 30.9 ± 5.7 kg·m−2. Participants completed 90% and 89% of HIIT and MICT workouts, respectively, with 100% compliance to the exercise prescriptions. No serious adverse events were reported. Compared with MICT and UC, HIIT exhibited improvements in change in treadmill time (101 s greater than MICT, and 125 s greater than UC, respectively, P < 0.001). Compared with UC, HIIT exhibited improvement in changes in absolute and relative V˙O2peak (a 0.15-L·min−1 increase, P = 0.005, and a 2.3-mL·kg−1⋅min−1 increase, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between groups for body weight or BMI (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
HIIT is feasible, safe, and seems to promote greater improvements in CRF compared with MICT and UC in women at high risk for breast cancer.
Extended Sleep Maintains Endurance Performance Better than Normal or Restricted Sleep
Authors: ROBERTS SPENCER S. H. , TEO WEI-PENG , AISBETT BRAD , WARMINGTON STUART A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The cumulative influence of sleep time on endurance performance remains unclear. This study examined the effects of three consecutive nights of both sleep extension (SE) and sleep restriction (SR) on endurance cycling performance.

Methods
Endurance cyclists/triathletes (n = 9) completed a counterbalanced crossover experiment with three conditions: SR, normal sleep (NS), and SE. Each condition comprised seven days/nights of data collection (−2, −1, D1, D2, D3, D4, and +1). Sleep was monitored using actigraphy throughout. Participants completed testing sessions on days D1–D4 that included an endurance time-trial (TT), mood, and psychomotor vigilance assessment. Perceived exertion (RPE) was monitored throughout each TT. Participants slept habitually before D1; however, time in bed was reduced by 30% (SR), remained normal (NS), or extended by 30% (SE) on nights D1, D2, and D3. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

Results
On nights D1, D2, and D3, total sleep time was longer (P < 0.001) in the SE condition (8.6 ± 1.0, 8.3 ± 0.6, and 8.2 ± 0.6 h, respectively) and shorter (P < 0.001) in the SR condition (4.7 ± 0.8, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 4.9 ± 0.4 h) compared with NS (7.1 ± 0.8, 6.5 ± 1.0, and 6.9 ± 0.7 h). Compared with NS, TT performance was slower (P < 0.02) on D3 of SR (58.8 ± 2.5 vs 60.4 ± 3.7 min) and faster (P < 0.02) on D4 of SE (58.7 ± 3.4 vs 56.8 ± 3.1 min). RPE was not different between or within conditions. Compared with NS, mood disturbance was higher, and psychomotor vigilance impaired, after SR. Compared with NS, psychomotor vigilance improved after SE.

Conclusion
Sleep extension for three nights led to better maintenance of endurance performance compared with normal and restricted sleep. Sleep restriction impaired performance. Cumulative sleep time affects performance by altering the perceived exertion of a given exercise intensity. Endurance athletes should sleep >8 h per night to optimize performance.
Cytokine and Sclerostin Response to High-Intensity Interval Running versus Cycling
Authors: KOUVELIOTI ROZALIA , KURGAN NIGEL , FALK BAREKET , WARD WENDY E. , JOSSE ANDREA R. , KLENTROU PANAGIOTA 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study examined whether the exercise-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines differ between impact and no-impact high-intensity interval exercise, and whether they are associated with postexercise changes in sclerostin.

Methods
Thirty-eight females (n = 19, 22.6 ± 2.7 yr) and males (n = 19, 22.3 ± 2.4 yr) performed two high-intensity interval exercise trials in random order (crossover design): running on a treadmill and cycling on a cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight repetitions of 1 min running or cycling at ≥90% maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood was collected preexercise and 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise, and it was analyzed for serum levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and sclerostin.

Results
Inflammatory cytokines significantly increased over time in both sexes with some differences between trials. Specifically, IL-1β significantly increased from pre- to 5 min after both trials (23%, P < 0.05), IL-6 increased 1 h after both trials (39%, P < 0.05), IL-10 was elevated 5 min after running (20%, P < 0.05) and 1 h after both running and cycling (41% and 64%, respectively, P < 0.05), and TNF-α increased 5 min after running (10%, P < 0.05). Sclerostin increased 5 min after both trials, with a greater increase in males than that in females (62 vs 32 pg·mL−1 in running, P = 0.018; 63 vs 30 pg·mL−1 in cycling, P = 0.004). In addition, sclerostin was significantly correlated with the corresponding changes in inflammatory cytokines, and 34% of the variance in its postexercise gain score (Δ) was explained by sex and the corresponding gain scores in TNF-α, which was the strongest predictor.

Conclusion
A single bout of either impact or no-impact high-intensity exercise induces changes in inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with the postexercise increase in sclerostin.
The relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Onalan Erhan 
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: This study included 262 Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients, of which 60 had diabetic nephropathy and 202 did not have diabetic nephropathy who presented to the internal diseases polyclinic at Firat University Medical Faculty Hospital between May 2018 and October 2018 and 50 healthy control subjects. A retrospective scan of patient files was conducted and information relevant to nephropathy such as hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), hematocrit count (HCT), monocyte count, LDL, HDL, triglyceride levels, and microvascular complications were acquired.
Results: We determined MHR values as 11.9±5.5 and 8.4±2.9 respectively for the diabetic and healthy groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of MHR, with a positive correlation between diabetes and MHR (< 0.001; r: 0.241). Moreover, glucose, HDL, and triglyceride levels were different between the two groups with statistical significance (respectively, p< 0.001; p< 0.001; p< 0.001). Our study found higher MHR levels for patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without diabetic nephropathy (respectively, 17.1±7.9 and 10.3±3.3) and determined statistical significance and a negative correlation (p< 0.001; r: -0.512).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that an elevated MHR can be a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy, allowing the detection of diabetic nephropathy with simple and inexpensive laboratory tests.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534
How to cite this:Onalan E. The relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1081-1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2018
Authors: Rose Olivia , Hartmann Andreas , Worbe Yulia , Scharf Jeremiah M. , Black Kevin J. 
Published: July 2019

This is the fifth yearly article in the Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series, summarizing research from 2018 relevant to Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors briefly summarize reports they consider most important or interesting. The highlights from 2019 article is being drafted on the Authorea online authoring platform, and readers are encouraged to add references or give feedback on our selections using the comments feature on that page. After the calendar year ends, the article is submitted as the annual update for the Tics collection on F1000Research.
Case Report: In-office bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration for the correction of hypomineralized esthetic defects
Authors: Zakaria Aboelenein Ahmed , Ismail Riad Mona , Fouad Haridy Mohammed 
Published: July 2019

Enamel hypomineralization is a condition that affects the quality of enamel, resulting in a change in its translucency and color. In this case report, a patient with a chief complaint of discolored front teeth, represented a very interesting case as he had combined opaque white, brown discoloration, and pitted enamel well distributed over the entire facial surfaces of enamel, especially his anterior teeth. It was also found that tooth #10 was protruded in relation to the adjacent teeth. The patient’s main concern was to improve his aesthetic appearance. Despite being a typical clinical picture of fluorotic lesion, fluoride was excluded as the cause of his lesions as the patient’s history indicated a lack of exposure to fluoride. A combined minimally invasive treatment, consisted of teeth bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration were performed to address these esthetic problems. Minimum tooth reduction plus resin composite placement was done to solve the problem of the protruded tooth. All materials used was placed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Intraoral photographs were taken directly after each treatment to document any change in the appearance of the case. Six months follow up of the case was documented. The result was acceptable for the patient, and he was satisfied as more aggressive treatments were avoided.
Clinicians' Views On The Uptake Of Technology In Health Care
Authors: Sau Nasreen , Jaggi Anju , Cairns Mindy 
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims The NHS recognises digital technology is key in improving healthcare systems and delivery. However, the uptake of technology has been slow due to various factors including clinician attitudes and behaviours identified in the Personalised Health and Care 2020 plan. To evaluate attitudes and current use of technology within a healthcare setting of allied health professionals. Methods An online survey was designed with closed and open questions exploring the barriers and facilitators towards the uptake of technology. The survey was disseminated to 130 allied health professionals at a specialist orthopaedic hospital. The questions were based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model, which focused on perceived threat, perceived inequity, perceived usefulness and behavioural intention. Results Response rate was 44%. There were more positive results towards perceived usefulness and behavioural intention than to perceived threat and perceived inequity with regards to technology. Clinicians reported that technology has improved efficiency and effectiveness at work benefiting the patient and institution. However, the barriers related to loss of clinical time due to technical issues, lack of IT support, lack of confidence in IT skills and knowledge and patients' inability to access technology. The solutions suggested were more technical support, training and allocated time in work templates and work space. Conclusions Clinicians' behavioural intentions were positive towards the use of technology and they were willing to incorporate them more in health care. However, developments in infrastructure are required to provide staff with the tools and skills to facilitate greater use of technology within the clinical environment.
A Bayesian Approach to Biological Variation Analysis
Authors: Røraas Thomas , Sandberg Sverre , Aarsand Aasne K , Støve Bård 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Biological variation (BV) data have many applications for diagnosing and monitoring disease. The standard statistical approaches for estimating BV are sensitive to “noisy data” and assume homogeneity of within-participant CV. Prior knowledge about BV is mostly ignored. The aims of this study were to develop Bayesian models to calculate BV that (a) are robust to “noisy data,” (b) allow heterogeneity in the within-participant CVs, and (c) take advantage of prior knowledge.

METHOD
We explored Bayesian models with different degrees of robustness using adaptive Student t distributions instead of the normal distributions and when the possibility of heterogeneity of the within-participant CV was allowed. Results were compared to more standard approaches using chloride and triglyceride data from the European Biological Variation Study.

RESULTS
Using the most robust Bayesian approach on a raw data set gave results comparable to a standard approach with outlier assessments and removal. The posterior distribution of the fitted model gives access to credible intervals for all parameters that can be used to assess reliability. Reliable and relevant priors proved valuable for prediction.

CONCLUSIONS
The recommended Bayesian approach gives a clear picture of the degree of heterogeneity, and the ability to crudely estimate personal within-participant CVs can be used to explore relevant subgroups. Because BV experiments are expensive and time-consuming, prior knowledge and estimates should be considered of high value and applied accordingly. By including reliable prior knowledge, precise estimates are possible even with small data sets.