bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms in Women With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Buckland Sydney A. , Pozehl Bunny , Yates Bernice 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Interpreting studies about women with coronary heart disease and depressive symptoms is challenging: women continue to be underrepresented in research; data are often not presented separately by sex; many studies do not examine depressive symptoms longitudinally, leaving our understanding incomplete; and the use of multiple depressive symptom assessment instruments makes comparisons between studies problematic.

Purpose:
The authors of this systematic review examined 20 longitudinal descriptive studies on women with coronary heart disease and depressive symptoms, including prevalence of elevated symptoms, changes in symptoms over time, findings in women versus men, and findings based on assessment instruments.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms in women was 35.75% at baseline (hospitalization). The Beck Depression Inventory II yielded the highest baseline prevalence (40.3%), slightly higher than the Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton Scale (36%). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Kellner questionnaire yielded much lower prevalence (21.45% and 23%, respectively). Higher prevalence was linked to inclusion of somatic symptoms on measurement instruments except in post-coronary bypass surgery patients. Symptoms trended toward improvement, particularly in the first 6 months, although a few studies measured beyond this time. Women demonstrated higher prevalence than men initially (35.75% vs 23.46%, respectively) and over 24 months (22.71% vs 19.82%, respectively).

Clinical Implications:
Women experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than men initially and over time, although most women’s symptoms improved. Measurement varies widely based on instrument and the inclusion/exclusion of somatic symptoms. More longitudinal studies beyond 6 months with prevalence data and analysis by sex/gender are needed.
Management of Lung Transplant Bronchial Stenosis With Mitomycin C
Authors: Davidson Kevin R. , Elmasri Mary , Wahidi Momen M. , Shofer Scott L. , Cheng George Z. , Mahmood Kamran 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Bronchial stenosis is a significant source of morbidity among lung transplant recipients, with etiologies including infection and ischemia of the airways. Current management with balloon bronchoplasty and stents is imperfect and a subset of patients requires multiple procedures to maintain airway patency. Mitomycin C (MMC) has been utilized for its antifibrotic properties in nonmalignant tracheobronchial stenosis but its application is not well studied in post–lung transplant stenosis. We performed this study to assess if MMC application decreases the need for repeated balloon bronchoplasty in lung transplant–related airway stenosis.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of all lung transplant recipients who developed airway stenosis and who were treated with MMC over 4 years. MMC was injected submucosally into the stenotic airway. We compared the rate of bronchoscopic dilation at intervals of 3 and 6 months before and after MMC therapy.

Results:
Eleven lung transplant recipients, with airway stenosis were included in our study, who required recurrent balloon dilation, despite airway stents in place in 73% of these patients. At 3 months after MMC treatment the median number of dilations decreased from 3 to 1 (P=0.023), and at 6 months from 3 to 2 dilations (P=0.004). There was a trend toward improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity, although it was not statistically significant. No adverse events related to MMC therapy was observed

Conclusion:
Application of MMC is safe and is associated with a reduction in frequency of bronchoscopic balloon dilation in patients with post–lung transplant airway stenosis.
When might transferrin, hemopexin or haptoglobin administration be of benefit following the transfusion of red blood cells?
Authors: Buehler Paul W. , Karnaukhova Elena 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
After transfusion, a percentage of red blood cells undergo hemolysis within macrophages. Intravascular exposures to hemin and hemoglobin (Hb) can occur after storage bag hemolysis, some transfusion reactions, during use of medical assist devices and in response to bacterial hemolysins. Proteins that regulate iron, hemin and Hb either become saturated after iron excess (transferrin, Tf) or depleted after hemin (hemopexin, Hpx) and Hb (haptoglobin, Hp) excess. Protein saturation or stoichiometric imbalance created by transfusion increases exposure to non-Tf bound iron, hemin and Hb. Tf, Hpx and Hp are being developed for hematological disorders where iron, hemin and Hb contribute to pathophysiology. However, complexed to their ligands, each represents a potential iron source for pathogens, which may complicate the use of these proteins.

Recent findings
Erythrophagocytosis by macrophages and processes of cell death that lead to reactive iron exposure are increasingly described. In addition, the effects of transfusion introduced circulatory hemin and Hb are described in the literature, particularly following large volume transfusion, infection and during concomitant medical device use.

Summary
Supplementation with Tf, Hpx and Hp suggests therapeutic potential in conditions of extravascular/intravascular hemolysis. However, their administration following transfusion may require careful assessment of concomitant disease.
In pursuit of control and elimination: update on hepatitis A and B epidemiology and prevention strategies
Authors: Chi Victoria , Cleary Shannon , Bocchini Joseph A. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
This review describes the impact of recommendations for routine immunization of infants and children against hepatitis A and hepatitis B, the changing epidemiology of these infections, and the remaining challenges to controlling or eliminating these diseases in the United States.

Recent findings
Rates of hepatitis A and B have significantly declined because of childhood vaccination programs and long-term protection provided by infant immunization. However, hepatitis A immunization rates remain lower than other vaccines, and outbreaks continue to occur in part due to a growing number of susceptible adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice has updated pre and postexposure prophylaxis and travel recommendations for hepatitis A prevention in young infants, as well as recommendations to reduce ongoing perinatal transmission of hepatitis B.

Summary
Pediatric healthcare providers should continue to immunize all infants against hepatitis A and B and ensure that no child outgrows the pediatric practice without being vaccinated. To address hepatitis A, providers should be aware of new recommendations for unimmunized travelers, use vaccines to prevent and control outbreaks, and ensure postexposure prophylaxis. Universal vaccination of infants against hepatitis B should begin before hospital discharge. The prevention of perinatal transmission is critical for control and possible eradication of hepatitis B.
Facial recognition software in clinical dysmorphology
Authors: Hurst Anna C.E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The current review aims to discuss the incorporation of facial recognition software into the clinical practice of dysmorphology and medical genetics.

Recent findings
Facial recognition software has improved the process of generating a differential diagnosis for rare genetic syndromes, and recent publications demonstrate utility in both research and clinical applications. Software programs are freely available to verified medical providers and can be incorporated into routine clinic encounters.

Summary
As facial recognition software capabilities improve, two-dimensional image capture with artificial intelligence interpretation may become a useful tool within many areas of medicine. Geneticists and researchers can use such software to enhance their differential diagnoses, to study similarities and differences between patient cohorts, and to improve the interpretation of genomic data. Pediatricians and subspecialists may use tools to identify patients who may benefit from a genetic evaluation, and educators can use these tools to interest students in the study of dysmorphoplogy and genetic syndromes.
Genetic evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Geddes Gabrielle C. , Earing Michael G. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The aim of this study is to review genetics of congenital heart disease (CHD) with a focus on clinical applications, genetic testing and clinical challenges.

Recent findings
With improved clinical care, there is a rapidly expanding population of adults, especially women, with CHD who have not undergone contemporary genetic assessment and do not understand their risk for having a child with CHD. Many patients have never undergone assessment or had genetic testing. A major barrier is medical geneticist availability, resulting in this burden of care shifting to providers outside of genetics. Even with current understanding, the cause for the majority of cases of CHD is still not known. There are significant gaps in knowledge in the realms of more complex causes such as noncoding variants, multigenic contribution and small structural chromosomal anomalies.

Summary
Standard assessment of patients with CHD, including adult survivors, is indicated. The best first-line genetic assessment for most patients with CHD is a chromosomal microarray, and this will soon evolve to be genomic sequencing with copy number variant analysis. Due to lack of medical geneticists, creative solutions to maximize the number of patients with CHD who undergo assessment with standard protocols and plans for support with result interpretation need to be explored.
Stem cell-based approaches to enhance nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes in vascularized composite allotransplantation
Authors: Tung Thomas H. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The current review will discuss the current understanding of nerve regeneration in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The success of proximal arm and leg transplants has been hampered by the limitations of nerve regrowth across long distances resulting in poor regeneration and functional recovery. Relevant research in stem-cell therapies to overcome these issues will be reviewed.

Recent findings
The effect of rejection on nerve regeneration in the VCA may be unpredictable and may be quite different for the nerve allograft. The issues that limit functional outcome are likely common to both VCA and proximal nerve injuries or replantation. Stem-cell therapies have focused on augmenting Schwann cell function and appear promising.

Summary
A better understanding of the effects of transplant rejection on nerve regeneration and function, as well as the factors that affect regeneration over long distances may inform further therapeutic approaches for improvement.
The Effects of Occupational Violence on the Well-being and Resilience of Nurses
Authors: Rees Clare , Wirihana Lisa , Eley Rob , Ossieran-Moisson Rebecca , Hegney Desley 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
This article reports findings from a 2016 survey exploring the working life of nurses/midwives in Queensland, Australia. Responses related to occupational violence (OV) are reported.

BACKGROUND
OV is linked to high rates of burnout. It is imperative to continue efforts to understand how to avoid burnout and build nurse/midwives' resilience.

METHODS
A total of 2397 nurse/midwives working in Queensland responded to the survey and were asked to answer 8 questions related to OV.

RESULTS
In the last 3 months, 53% of nurses/midwives had experienced OV. Those respondents had significantly higher rates of burnout and lower resilience and rated the practice environment lower than their counterparts who had not experienced violence.

CONCLUSIONS
The experience of OV significantly impacts nurse resilience and levels of burnout. To retain nurses, attention must be given to reduce OV and support nurses who have experienced it.
Effect of Psychoacoustic Learning on Cardiac Auscultation Proficiency in Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Cyphers Natalie A. , Mest Carol G. , Doyle-Tadduni Mary Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

Background
Assessment is a vital role of all nurses, yet cardiac murmur identification remains difficult for students. Cardiac auscultation is a technical, not intellectual, skill, and a psychoacoustic approach to learning is recommended. A psychoacoustic approach involves repetition of cardiac sounds to facilitate auditory perceptual learning.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a psychoacoustic learning modality for identification of cardiac murmurs by nurse practitioner (NP) students.

Methods
A repeated-measures design was used. Following a pretest, NP students listened to repetitions of heart sounds, then took a posttest. Students were instructed to listen to the heart sounds weekly, then given posttests at 1 and 3 months.

Results
All posttest scores were higher than pretest scores; no significant difference in scores was noted between posttests.

Conclusions
Psychoacoustic learning may improve cardiac assessment. Further research is recommended with prelicensure nursing and NP students.
Appreciative Advising Pilot Study
Authors: Hande Karen , Christenbery Tom , Phillippi Julia 
Published: August 2018

Background
Traditional advising may not meet the needs of doctor of nursing practice (DNP) students. Founded on the principles of appreciative inquiry, appreciative advising serves as a promising alternative model.

Purpose
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine feasibility of a DNP appreciative advising model to advise students through the rigors of DNP education and improve student and faculty satisfaction.

Methods
Faculty were oriented to the model and provided comprehensive guidebooks. Survey data were collected at 4 time points. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Twenty-six students and 7 faculty who participated reported satisfaction with the model and commented that the model allowed for early identification of needs and was helpful and worthwhile.

Conclusion
The model may hold promise as a solution to assist students in adjusting to DNP education and deserves further exploration as an advising approach.
Validation of a New HPV Self-Sampling Device for Cervical Cancer Screening: The Cervical and Self-Sample in Screening (CASSIS) Study
Authors: El-Zein Mariam , Bouten Sheila , Louvanto Karolina , Gilbert Lucy , Gotlieb Walter , Hemmings Robert , Behr Marcel A. , Franco Eduardo L. , Liang Victoria , Martins Claudia , Duarte Silvy , Sarban Natalia , Geddes Patricia , Massa Ana , Samios Kathrin , Aboufadl Siham , Verdon Sophie , Pereria Cynthia , Lacroix Isabelle 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2018;149:491–497)
Over the past 10 years, there has been growing interest in cervical cancer screening programs using cervicovaginal self-sampling to test for human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acid. The overall accuracy of the self-collected HPV test results is superior to that of physician-collected Pap smears for identification of cervical precancerous lesions.
Inconsistent Weight Communication Among Prenatal Healthcare Providers and Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Weeks Ashley , Liu Rebecca H. , Ferraro Zachary M. , Deonandan Raywat , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: August 2018

Importance
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an independent and modifiable factor for a healthy pregnancy. Gestational weight gain above or below the Institute of Medicine Guidelines has been shown to impact both maternal and fetal health (eg, gestational diabetes, hypertension, downstream obesity). Healthcare providers (HCPs) have the potential to be reliable sources of evidence-based weight information and advice during pregnancy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to summarize the literature assessing GWG discussions between patients and their HCPs in a clinical setting to better understand the knowledge that is currently being exchanged.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature review was conducted by searching Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases. All relevant primary research articles in English that assessed GWG discussions were included, whereas intervention studies were excluded.

Results
A total of 54 articles were included in this review. Although the overall prevalence and content of GWG counseling varied between studies, counseling was often infrequent and inaccurate. Healthcare providers tended to focus more on women experiencing obesity and excessive GWG, as opposed to the other body mass index categories or inadequate GWG. Women of higher socioeconomic status, older age, nulliparous, history of dieting, low physical activity, and those categorized as overweight/obese were more likely to receive GWG advice. Patients also reported receiving conflicting facts between different HCP disciplines.

Conclusions
The evidence regarding GWG counseling in prenatal care remains variable, with discrepancies between geographic regions, patient populations, and HCP disciplines.

Relevance
Healthcare providers should counsel their pregnant patients on GWG with advice that is concordant with the Institute of Medicine Guidelines.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians, midwives, and prenatal healthcare providers.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to critique the gaps in prenatal health education regarding GWG, assess the impact that various HCPs have on a patient's weight gain practices, and distinguish factors that contribute to useful and helpful GWG counseling.
Antibiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Postsurgical Obstetric Infections
Authors: DeNoble Anna E. , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Phillips Heine R. , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: August 2018

ImportanceInfectious complications contribute significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are a cornerstone of prevention and management of postsurgical infections in obstetrics. However, antibiotic resistance from inappropriate use of antibiotics is an emerging global health threat.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review the evidence and provide recommendations for antibiotic selection for prevention and treatment of postsurgical infections in obstetrics.Evidence AcquisitionPublished literature was retrieved through a search of PubMed. Relevant original research articles, systematic reviews, review articles, and practice guidelines were identified and included.ResultsAvailable evidence supports the use of a first-generation cephalosporin for an unlabored cesarean delivery, with the addition of adjunctive azithromycin for women undergoing labored cesarean delivery. Limited data also support the use of a second-generation cephalosporin at the time of obstetric anal sphincter injury repair. Limited retrospective studies suggest against the use of prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of the placenta. Data are insufficient to recommend prophylactic antibiotics for postpartum dilation and curettage. Evidence from a systematic review supports clindamycin and gentamicin as the optimal regimen for the treatment of postpartum endometritis. Original obstetric research for the treatment of other postsurgical obstetric infections is limited, and recommendations provided are based on expert opinion.Conclusions and RelevanceObstetric providers should be familiar with available evidence and guidelines regarding antibiotic selection for the prevention and treatment of obstetric infections. Widespread selection of the narrowest effective antibiotic regimen has the potential to combat the rising threat of antibiotic resistance while ensuring appropriate prevention and treatment of postsurgical infections in obstetrics.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this activity, the learner should be better able to (1) categorize the most common bacterial isolates responsible for obstetric postsurgical infections; (2) determine which obstetric operative interventions warrant antibiotic prophylaxis based on evidence-based guidelines; and (3) select appropriate, effective, and targeted antibiotics for the treatment of postsurgical infections in obstetrics patients.
Impact of Late-Follicular Phase Elevated Serum Progesterone on Cumulative Live Birth Rates: Is There a Deleterious Effect on Embryo Quality?
Authors: Racca A. , Santos-Ribeiro S. , De Munck N. , Mackens S. , Drakopoulos P. , Camus M. , Verheyen G. , Tournaye H. , Blockeel C. 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2018;33:860–868)
Multiple treatment attempts are generally required to achieve a live birth in women receiving assisted reproductive techniques. To provide patients with better prognostic information, increasing efforts have been made to report in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates as cumulative live-birth rates (LBRs).
Tenofovir Versus Placebo to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B
Authors: Jourdain Gonzague , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Harrison Linda , Decker Luc , Khamduang Woottichai , Tierney Camlin , Salvadori Nicolas , Cressey Tim R. , Sirirungsi Wasna , Achalapong Jullapong , Yuthavisuthi Prapap , Kanjanavikai Prateep , Na Ayudhaya Orada P. , Siriwachirachai Thitiporn , Prommas Sinart , Sabsanong Prapan , Limtrakul Aram , Varadisai Supang , Putiyanun Chaiwat , Suriyachai Pornnapa , Liampongsabuddhi Prateung , Sangsawang Suraphan , Matanasarawut Wanmanee , Buranabanjasatean Sudanee , Puernngooluerm Pichit , Bowonwatanuwong Chureeratana , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Klinbuayaem Virat , Thongsawat Satawat , Thanprasertsuk Sombat , Siberry George K. , Watts Diane H. , Chakhtoura Nahida , Murphy Trudy V. , Nelson Noele P. , Chung Raymond T. , Pol Stanislas , Chotivanich Nantasak 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:911–923)
(Pregnant women with an elevated viral load (>200,000 IU/mL) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), or with a positive Hg e antigen (HBeAg) status, have a risk of transmitting infection to their infants, despite the infants' receiving hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). Antiviral agents that inhibit HBV replication, such as lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and telbivudine, when administered to pregnant women with a high HBV viral load, may reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission.