bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of periprocedural beta blocker withdrawal on arrhythmic risk following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Younis Arwa , Orvin Katia , Nof Eyal , Barabash Israel M. , Segev Amit , Berkovitch Anat , Guetta Victor , Assali Abid , Kornowski Ran , Beinart Roy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of periprocedural beta‐blocker (BB) discontinuation among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and high degree atrioventricular block (HD‐AVB) and/or atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThe study population comprised 743 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between 2009 and 2017 in two high‐volume tertiary centers. All patients received chronic BB therapy, and were divided into two groups: (1) BB continuation and (2) BB discontinued 24 hr prior to the procedure. The primary endpoint was the development of composite brady and tachy‐arrhytmic events (including HD‐AVB and/or NOAF) following the procedure.ResultsAmong 743 study patients, 366 (49%) continued BB prior to the procedure and in 377 (51%) chronic BB therapy was discontinued. The rate of the composite periprocedural arrhythmic event was significantly higher among patients who stopped BB (20% vs. 13%, respectively, P = 0.018). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that discontinuation of BB was associated with two‐fold (P = 0.003) increase in the risk for periprocedural arrhythmic events (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.24–3.23; P = 0.004). The association between BB discontinuation and periprocedural arrhythmic events was consistent for the separate endpoints for HDAV and NOAF. Furthermore, the need for permanent pacemaker was significantly higher among patients who discontinued BB (20% vs. 13%; P = 0.018, respectively).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing TAVR who receive chronic BB therapy, BB discontinuation prior to the procedure is independently associated with a significant increase in the rate of adverse arrhythmic events, including HDAVB, NOAF, and the need for pacemaker implantation.
Micromixing efficiency in a multiphase reactor with a foam block stirrer
Authors: Yang Yu‐Cheng , Yu Xiao‐Hui , Yu Qing‐Jie , Yang Shi‐Ying , Arowo Moses 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA rotating foam reactor (RFR), which comprises a solid foam block stirrer as opposed to the agitator blade in stirred tanks, has recently received a significant amount of research interest due to its high mass transfer rates. For a deeper insight into the RFR the work herein investigated the micromixing efficiency of the RFR in terms of segregation index (Xs) using the iodide‐iodate reaction system. The effects of various operating parameters including injection time, rotational speed, acid concentration, volume of liquid, volumetric ratio, and gas flow rate on segregation index were systematically examined. Results showed that the segregation index remained constant when injection time exceeded 100 s. Moreover, the Xs increased with an increase in acid concentration but decreased with an increase in rotational speed, volume of liquid, volumetric ratio, and gas flow rate. Micromixing time was also calculated based on the incorporation model and was established to range from 1.1 × 10−3–4.5 × 10−2 s, which is much shorter than that of conventional reactors. The results herein demonstrate that an RFR exhibits excellent micromixing efficiency and has a significant potential for use in chemical industries.
Deconvolution of Point Sources: A Sampling Theorem and Robustness Guarantees
Authors: Bernstein Brett , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work we analyze a convex‐programming method for estimating superpositions of point sources or spikes from nonuniform samples of their convolution with a known kernel. We consider a one‐dimensional model where the kernel is either a Gaussian function or a Ricker wavelet, inspired by applications in geophysics and imaging. Our analysis establishes that minimizing a continuous counterpart of the ℓ1‐norm achieves exact recovery of the original spikes as long as (1) the signal support satisfies a minimum‐separation condition and (2) there are at least two samples close to every spike. In addition, we derive theoretical guarantees on the robustness of the approach to both dense and sparse additive noise. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Key Residues in Proteins Through Centrality Analysis and Flexibility Prediction with RINspector
Authors: Brysbaert Guillaume , Mauri Théo , de Ruyck Jérôme , Lensink Marc F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtein structures inherently contain information that can be used to decipher their functions, but the exploitation of this knowledge is not trivial. We recently developed an app for the Cytoscape network visualization and analysis program, called RINspector, the goal of which is to integrate two different approaches that identify key residues in a protein structure or complex. The first approach consists of calculating centralities on a residue interaction network (RIN) generated from the three‐dimensional structure; the second consists of predicting backbone flexibility and needs only the primary sequence. The identified residues are highly correlated with functional relevance and constitute a good set of targets for mutagenesis experiments. Here we present a protocol that details in a step‐by‐step fashion how to create a RIN from a structure and then calculate centralities and predict flexibilities. We also discuss how to understand and use the results of the analyses. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In‐Cell NMR Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids in Human Cells
Authors: Viskova Pavlina , Krafcik Daniel , Trantirek Lukas , Foldynova‐Trantirkova Silvie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn‐cell NMR spectroscopy is a unique tool that enables the study of the structure and dynamics of biomolecules as well as their interactions in the complex environment of living cells at near‐to‐atomic resolution. In this article, detailed instructions are described for setting up an in‐cell NMR experiment for monitoring structures of DNA oligonucleotides introduced into nuclei of living human cells via tailored electroporation. Detailed step‐by‐step protocols for both the preparation of an in‐cell NMR sample as well as protocols for conducting essential control experiments including flow cytometry and confocal microscopy are described. The strengths and limitations of in‐cell NMR experiments are discussed. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A cancer of undetermined significance: Incidental thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Evranos Berna , Polat Sefika Burcak , Cuhaci Fatma Neslihan , Baser Husniye , Topaloglu Oya , Kilicarslan Aydan , Kilic Mehmet , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing which can be attributed in part to improved ultrasonography (US) methods and increased detection of incidental thyroid carcinomas (ITC). We aimed to compare ITC with nonincidental thyroid carcinomas (NITC) in this study.MethodsRetrospective analyses of 906 individual patients who were operated for benign and malignant thyroid disease and had a final histopathological diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Preoperative US examination and fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy results were evaluated. The tumor foci in thyroidectomy specimens that were not represented in preoperative US or FNA reports were classified as ITC. The tumor foci that match with the lesions defined in US or FNA results were classified as NITC.ResultsFinal histology revealed ITC in 326 patients (36%) and NITC in 580 patients (64% Mean age was 51.7 ± 11.11 in ITC group and 48.15 ± 13.1 in NITC group (P < .001). In NITC group 322 (55.5%) of the patients were operated for suspicious cytology while only 29 (8.9%) of the patients in the ITC group were operated because of this indication (P < .001). There were 1301 cancer foci in histopathology specimens. Among all these cancer foci, 434 (33.3%) were detected incidentally and 867 (66.7%) were detected non‐incidentally. About 779 (89.9%) of nonincidental cancer foci were papillary cancer (PTC), while all of the incidental cancer foci were PTC. Mean size was 13 mm in NITC group and it was 3 mm in the ITC group and differed significantly between the groups (P < .001). Tumor size was ≤1 cm in 35.2% of the patients with NITC while 98.5% of patients with ITC had tumor ≤1 cm. The occurrence of multinodularity was higher in ITC than the NITC group (P < 001). Median TSH level was higher in patients with NITC than ITC while both were in the reference range (1.53 vs 1.03 μIU/mL, P < .001). The frequency of thyroiditis detected by US, and thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody positivities were similar in patients with ITC and NITC (P = .2, P = .86, and P = .26, respectively). The frequencies of capsular invasion (29.1% vs 7.9%), extrathyroidal extension (13% vs 4.2%), multifocality (35.8% vs 24.2%), non‐complete resection (9.2% vs 1.8%), and lymph node metastasis (9.5% vs 1.8%) were significantly higher in the NITC group (P < .001, for each). Persistent/recurrent disease in patients with NITC was more frequent than patients with ITC (P = .004). This outcome was similar for cancers measuring ≤1 cm (P = .001).ConclusionITC is often encountered in older patients and frequently determined in early stages with more favorable histopathological features and better prognosis.
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA number of high profile revelations concerning anti‐doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti‐doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, and alternative sample matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned‐substance review evaluates literature published between October 2017 and September 2018 offering an in‐depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2018 Prohibited List.
A systematic scoping review of diagnostic validity in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Strand Mattias , von Hausswolff‐Juhlin Yvonne , Welch Elisabeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was introduced as a new diagnosis in the DSM‐5. This systematic scoping review explores how ARFID as a diagnostic entity is conceptualized in the research literature and evaluates the diagnostic validity according to the Feighner criteria.MethodA systematic scoping review of papers on ARFID in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science was undertaken, following PRISMA and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.ResultsFifty‐one original research publications, 23 reviews and commentaries, and 20 case reports were identified. The use of ARFID as a conceptual category varies significantly within this literature. At this time, the ARFID diagnosis does not fulfil the Feighner criteria for evaluating the validity of diagnostic constructs, the most urgent problem being the demarcation toward other disorders. A three‐dimensional model—lack of interest in food, selectivity based on sensory sensitivity, and fear of aversive consequences—is gaining support in the research literature.DiscussionThe introduction of the ARFID diagnosis has undoubtedly increased the recognition of a previously largely neglected group of patients. However, this article points to an inability of the current DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria to ensure optimal diagnostic validity, which risks making them less useful in clinical practice and in epidemiological research. To increase the conceptual validity of the ARFID construct, several possible alterations to the current diagnostic criteria are suggested, including a stronger emphasis of the three identified subdomains and further clarifying the boundaries of ARFID.
Maternal self‐rated health and psychological distress predict early feeding difficulties: Results from the longitudinal study of Australian children
Authors: Webb Haley J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDrawing from the extended UNICEF model of children's eating and weight problems and growing empirical evidence, exposure to adversity may place mothers at increased risk for child feeding difficulties.AimThe aim of the present study of a community sample of mothers was to examine whether maternal psychological distress, exposure to stressful events, and poor self‐rated health in their child's first year of life were associated with breastfeeding duration, as well as concurrent and prospective feeding problems.Materials & MethodsParticipants were 5107 Australian mother‐child dyads from the infant cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Data for the present study was drawn from questionnaires completed by the mother at Wave 1 and Wave 2 (conducted 2 years apart). On average, at Wave 1, mothers and children (51% male) were aged 31 years and 9 months, respectively; while at Wave 2 their ages were 33 years and 34 months, respectively.ResultsMaternal psychological distress and poorer self‐rated health were uniquely predictive of concurrent and prospective child feeding difficulties, while poorer self‐rated health was also concurrently associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding.DiscussionThese findings suggest that poorer maternal functioning poses a significant risk for early child feeding difficulties, and highlights the potential benefit of screening and early intervention for mothers experiencing emotional and physical health problems.ConclusionFurther research is needed that takes a broad view of maternal functioning, and examines reciprocal interactions between maternal and child characteristics in understanding the development of child feeding problems.
Experimental habitat fragmentation disrupts nematode infections in Australian skinks
Authors: Resasco Julian , Bitters Matthew E. , Cunningham Saul A. , Jones Hugh I. , McKenzie Valerie J. , Davies Kendi F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHabitat conversion and fragmentation threaten biodiversity and disrupt species interactions. While parasites are recognized as ecologically important, the impacts of fragmentation on parasitism are poorly understood relative to other species interactions. This lack of understanding is in part due to confounding landscape factors that accompany fragmentation. Fragmentation experiments provide the opportunity to fill this knowledge gap by mechanistically testing how fragmentation affects parasitism while controlling landscape factors. In a large‐scale, long‐term experiment, we asked how fragmentation affects a host–parasite interaction between a skink and a parasitic nematode, which is trophically transmitted via a terrestrial amphipod intermediate host. We expected that previously observed amphipod declines resulting from fragmentation would result in decreased transmission of nematodes to skinks. In agreement, we found that nematodes were absent among skinks in the cleared matrix and that infections in fragments were about one quarter of those in continuous forest. Amphipods found in gut contents of skinks and collected from pitfall traps mirrored this pattern. A structural equation model supported the expectation that fragmentation disrupted this interaction by altering the abundance of amphipods and suggested that other variables are likely also important in mediating this effect. These findings advance understanding of how landscape change affects parasitism.
Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Operative Parameters to Simultaneously Increase the Extraction Yield of Oil and Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Artichoke Leaves and Stalks by Response Surface Methodology and Ridge Analysis
Authors: Dai Qianqian , Yang Yudi , Chen Kai , Cheng Zhan , Ni Yuanying , Li Jingming 
Published: November 2018

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction is carried out to simultaneously increase yield of extracted oil and the content of pentacyclic triterpenes from residual parts of globe artichoke. Box‐Behnken design is used to design a set of comprehensive experiments. Single and interactive effects of four processing variables (pressure, temperature, time, and particle size) are investigated by response surface methodology (RSM), which is also used to establish regression model according to the synthesis score of extracted oil and pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs). On the other hand, the combination of SC‐CO2 factors is optimized by ridge analysis. As a result, the optimal combination is obtained at 22.27 MPa, 41.33 °C, particle size of 53.66 mesh within 2 h. Furthermore, the oil components extracted from SC‐CO2 and Soxhlet extraction (SE) are analyzed using GC‐MS. In contrast with SE, SC‐CO2 is more effective to increase the content of PTs in extracted oil of globe artichoke.Practical Applications: Industrial processing of globe artichoke can cause 80–85% waste of total plant biomass, which mainly consists of the inedible parts. However, the by‐products of globe artichoke contain many kinds of nutritional compounds, such as sesterpenes and triterpenes. The application of SC‐CO2 can extract these compounds safely and effectively. With optimization of SC‐CO2, sustainability of processing of globe artichoke can be maintained economically.A processing method of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction is optimized to increase the yield of extracted oil and the content of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) simultaneously from globe artichoke. Afterward, the pentacyclic triterpenes in the extracted oil are analyzed by GC‐MS and six types of PTs in globe artichoke are identified. Additionally, the influence of SC‐CO2 extraction is analyzed using the principal component analysis method. Meanwhile, the interactions of two processing factors on the yield of extracted oil are analyzed.
Mechanisms Associated with the Effect of Hypericum perforatum and Smilax cordifolia Aqueous Extracts on Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats: A Lipidomic Approach
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Iza F. , Gallegos‐Corona Marco A. , González‐Dávalos María L. , Mora Ofelia , Rocha‐Guzmán Nuria E. , Reynoso‐Camacho Rosalía 
Published: November 2018

This study aims to evaluate the effect of H. perforatum and S. cordifolia extracts on hepatic steatosis in obese rats, and to elucidate their mechanisms through a lipidomic analysis. Fifty‐seven phytochemical compounds are identified in H. perforatum and S. cordifolia aqueous extracts by UPLC‐QTOF MSE. Both herbal aqueous extracts ameliorate hepatic steatosis. S. cordifolia modulates arachidonic acid, 16:0‐, 16:1‐, and 18:0‐derived TAG, ceramides, and diacylglycerols, regulating the expression of genes involved in fatty acid (Fas, Acc, and Scd1), diacylglyceride (Gpat) and ceramide (Spt1) biosynthesis, and β‐oxidation (Cpt1 and Acadm). H. perforatum regulates eicosapentanoic acid metabolism, which is associated with Fabp down‐regulation. Both extracts reduce hepatic TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels, which is associated with eicosanoid pathway regulation by S. cordifolia and the modulation of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines by H. perforatum. These results suggest that these aqueous extracts can be used as ingredients for the elaboration of functional beverages with hepatoprotective effects.Practical Applications: This study proposes a lipidomic approach followed by the integration of metabolic networks for the identification of the mechanisms associated with the hepatoprotective effect of herbal extracts. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the beneficial effect of S. cordifolia and H. perforatum aqueous extracts on hepatic steatosis in high‐fat and fructose diet‐fed obese rats. Therefore, these herbs can be used for the elaboration of functional beverages.H. perforatum and S. cordifolia aqueous extracts ameliorate hepatic steatosis in obese rats. A liver lipidome approach is used to identify the mechanisms associated with their hepatoprotective effect by integrating metabolic networks. H. perforatum decreases Fabp hepatic expression which is associated mainly with decreased hepatic EPA. S. cordifolia decreased Fasn, Acaca, Scd1, Gpat1, and Spt1 and increased Cpt1 and Acadm hepatic expressiobm which is associated mainly with increased AA. These herbs have potential for the development of functional beverages or dietary supplements with hepatoprotective effects.
Optimizing the synthesis of terbium(III) molybdate nanoplates through an orthogonal array design
Authors: Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Aghazadeh Mustafa , Karimi Meisam Sadeghpour , Ganjali Mohmmad Reza , Norouzi Parviz 
Published: November 2018

The study focuses on the application of orthogonal array design for optimizing of the experimental parameters influencing the synthesis of terbium(III) molybdate nano‐plates through the direct precipitation method (DPM). The method conditions, included the concentrations of the cation and anion solutions (Cx and Cy), flow rate of adding the cation solution to that of the anion (Fx), and reactor temperature (Tz), were optimized in terms of the thickness of the produced nanoplates. Performing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the results revealed that the synthesis procedure can be optimized through using proper concentrations of the solutions (0.005 and 0.01 mol/L one‐to‐one for Tb(III) and ) as well as the reactor temperature (0 °C). The morphology and purity of the optimal product were also evaluated through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The results displayed that the thickness of the deposited terbium(III) molybdate nano‐plates is about 26 nm. The optimal product was also tested and found to be an efficient catalyst in the UV‐induced degradation of methyl orange (MO) by degrading about 97% MO after 80 min. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13091, 2019Highlights
Terbium(III) molybdate nanoplates were fabricated via chemical precipitation route.
Nanomaterial was synthesized without any surfactant, template, or catalyst.
Synthesis process was optimized by Taguchi design to prepare nanoplates.
Product nanoplate were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and DRS.
Nanoplates were examined as photocatalyst to degrade organic pollution in water.