bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity parameters of a highly-dispersive silica and pgmg-gc composite in mice after intragastric administration
Authors: Doroshenko A. 
Published: October 2018

The emerging and steady increase of microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial treatments has become a global public health concern that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases, therefore, the development of new medicines with antimicrobial properties is one of the priorities of the health systems.
Cationic detergents, which, as a result of the combination of their surface activity and bactericidal properties, are promising for use in pharmacy and medicine. One of the representatives of the cationic surfactant group is polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PGMG-GC) which was shown to be less toxic compared to some other disinfectants and effective against a wide spectrum of microbes.
The aim of the study was to determine the acute toxicity parameters of a highly-dispersive silica (HDS) and PGMG-GC composite in mice after intragastric administration.
The study was carried out on 23 BALB/c female mice weighing 18–22 g. To determine the toxicity, the animals were divided into the following groups. The first group was intragastrically injected with a composite of HDS and PGMG-GH, the second group was given a suspension of HDS, the third group was given a solution of PGMG-GC, and the fourth (control) group was treated with water for injection.
The mass of the animals was determined before and on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after the composite administration. Administration of PGMG-GC or PGMG-GC + HDS composite caused significant decrease in body weight at 3rd and 7th day compared to control with further normalization on day 14. No significant changes of body weight were found in HDS group.
No death of mice occurred after a single intragastric injection of the HDS + PGMG-GC composite during 14 days of the study. For the solution of PGMG-GC (without HDS), lethal cases were reported 2 h after the treatment at a dose level of 400 mg/kg. The condition of the animals survived normalized and, by the day 14, it corresponded to that in the control group for the most of the signs of toxicity indicating the reversibility of the toxic effect of PGMG-GC.
Therefore, PGMG-GC is less toxic whet it is used as a part of the composite. Since no lethal cases were reported after a single intragastric administration of the composite at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg of body weight, the composite HDS + PGMG-GC appears to be low toxic according to the classification of substances by toxicity.
Control of elemental impurities in herbal medicines
Authors: Baula A. P. , Derkach Т. М. 
Published: October 2018

The standardisation of plant raw materials is among the most important problems of the production of herbal medicines. Medicinal plant raw materials are of complex nature and can be contaminated with impurity elements. Therefore, the content of elemental impurities typical for plants should be controlled in comparison with the existing conceptions of recommended or permitted daily exposures of human consumption of some chemical elements.
The paper goal was to study the existing approaches in the world to the fixing of elemental impurity content in herbal medicines and comparative analysis of their permitted daily exposures.
The following methods were used to implement the research goal: system approach, bibliographic and information search, statistical methods, as well as generalisation and analysis.
The work is based on the analysis of documents of World Health Organisation and appropriate organisations of leading countries. The contents of 28 elements were shown to normalise in these documents. Depending on their toxicity and probability of ingress into drugs, the elements are divided into four classes. This approach creates a clear idea of the potential effects of elements on the human organism and also illustrates the sensitivity requirements for analytical methods to be used for elemental control. In medicinal plants as well as in plants that are used as food additives and spices, the content of the five most toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr) is fixed. For other impurities in medicinal plants, there are no universally recognised limit values in contrast to medicinal products. Therefore, when analysing the quality of herbal medicines, one should take into account permitted daily exposures of human consumption of individual chemical elements used for the quality control of foodstuff and drinking water as well as environmental protection.
Pharmaceutical development with commercialization of generic drugs with poor soluble substance – tablets of drug nimodipine
Authors: Schykovskiy O. E. , Кrutskikh Т. V. 
Published: October 2018

The pharmaceutical development of solid dosage forms which containing a poor soluble substance deserves special attention, because a composition and a technology of production such drugs directly effects on release the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the human body and, as a consequence, on pharmacological effectiveness of this drug. The search of therapeutically effective, economically viable and industrially reproducible technology for the production of such drugs is very important for the pharmaceutical industry.
The purpose of our work was the pharmaceutical development of the generic drug, which contains a poor soluble in water substance nimodipine. The subject of the research is the substance nimodipine and the samples of tablets obtained with the help of various technological methods from this substance. All analytical and pharmaco-technological researches were implemented according to generally accepted methods that accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
Laboratory batches were developed using technological methods of physical modification of a substance, such as: micronization, sonocrystalllization, solid dispersion by melting, solid dispersion by solvent evaporation, complexation with β-cyclodextrins. Researches of the comparative in vitro dissolution kinetics of substance nimodipin from these laboratory batches made it possible to establish optimal technology for the commercial production of a generic drug. Researches on influence quantity of disintegrant and lubricant in the composition of tablets on the pharmacopoeial parameters of the quality were done.
According to the results of the pharmaceutical development, it can be argued that the use of the technological method for production a solid dispersion with the aid of a solvent is most appropriate for the production of tablets of a generic drug with a substance nimodipine, which is confirmed by the results of the comparative in vitro dissolution kinetics in three media and clinical trials. The required quantity of disintegrat (not less than 2.5% per tablet) and lubricant (not less than 0.4% per tablet) in the composition of generic tablets were defined.
Identification and quantitative determination of the flavonoids of the complex dense extract of st. john's wort herb and pot marigold flowers
Authors: Shostak T. A. , Kalyniuk T. G. , Vronska L.V. 
Published: October 2018

Common Saint-John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) are rich in such biologically active substances (BAS) as carotene, ascorbic acid, essential oils, vitamins, tannin and resinous substances, as well as flavonoids that bear evident wound healing properties and antiulcerous properties.
The object of this study was BAR composition of the complex dense herb extract of St. John's wort and flowers of marigolds (1:10). In order to introduce a new herbal substance into medical practice, it is necessary to develop methods for its identification and quantification.
The TLC [thin layer chromatography] method was used to identify the BAR in the extract under study, and the method of absorption spectrophotometry was proposed for quantification of the content of flavonoids.
As a result of the conducted research, there were selected characteristic substances - identification markers of the extract, the choice of which was in accordance with the requirements of the SPF on the quality of the herb of St. John's wort and the flowers of pot marigold, and there was indicated the position and coloring of the zones in the chromatographic profile of the tested extract solution. Such approach will enable objective identification of the extract as a substance and as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the formulation.
The criterion for quantitative standardization of the complex dense extract is the content of the amount of flavonoids not less than 1.5% in terms of hyperoside and dry substance.
Economic aspects of pharmacotherapy of servicemen with injury and wound of the brain
Authors: Shmatenko A. P. , Rumyancev Yu. V. , Vlasenko O. M. , Pleshkova O. V. 
Published: October 2018

The fighting in the area of the antiterrorist operation led to a large number of injuries among servicemen who are serving in the east of the country. Injuries and wound of the brain occupy about 35–40% among the total level of injury. and mortality in severe traumatic brain injury is 70%. All this has determined the relevance of the study of medical treatment of servicemen with injury and wound of the brain., Numerous pharmacotherapeutic schemes have been proposed for the treatment of victims with this pathology, aimed at preventing brain hypoxia, improving metabolic processes, normalizing life support functions and intracranial pressure, and the price range of pharmacotherapy of this pathology varies considerably, that’s why the aim of our work is to establish the cost indicators of the main directions of pharmacotherapy of affected servicemen with injury and wound of the brain.The main directions of the pharmacotherapy of injuries and wounds of the brain have been identified as a result of the analysis of the scientific literature and primary medical documentation, which include: normalization of life-supporting functions and brain metabolism; treatment of intracranial hypertension; restoration of microcirculation and cerebral circulation; elimination of excitation and convulsions; antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, blood-resuscitating and symptomatic therapy.
Analysis of the dependence of the cost of treatment on the severity of the affected servicemen with injury and wound of the brain showed that the most expensive is the pharmacotherapy of severe injuries and wounds, the average cost of treatment of the affected is 139,98 UAH for 1 patient per day. The average cost of medicines for the treatment of servicemen with injuries and wounds of medium and mild severity was 67,23 and 42,26 UAH per day respectively
We analyzed the total costs spent on these directions of pharmacotherapy and found that the greatest cost is characterized by the costs of normalizing brain metabolism, the costs are 1 261,21 UAH per patient, this accounts for 38% of the total cost of medicines. Also, the most expensive directions are antibacterial – 649,27 UAH (19%) and analgesic therapy – 375,90 UAH (11%). The least expenses are expended on anti-inflammatory therapy, the cost of which is 19,96 UAH.
Analyzing the daily cost of one day of treatment of affected it was found that the most expensive are the first 7 days of treatment.
Pharmaco-technological researches for development of sachet composition
Authors: Tryhubchak O. V. , Gureyeva S. N. , Yuryeva O. A. , Goy А. М. 
Published: October 2018

In the article it is presented data on the relevance of drugs from the group of analgesics-antipyretics in the form of fast dissolving solid dosage forms and excipients for its manufacture are described. The advantages of a sachet as a solid dosage form are described. For developing a sachet with anti-inflammatory properties, the features of active pharmaceutical ingredients interrelation and their physicochemical properties, which determine the technology, are shown.
The purpose of this work was to select the excipients for improvement the pharmaco-technological and organoleptic characteristics of the sachet.
We studied 27 excipients 5 functional groups. The experiment is based on the Latin cube of the second order. Technology was the mixing of components. The obtained mass was tested twice on pharmaco-technological parameters and the characteristics of the solution. Experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis by the method of dispersion analysis. The results were expressed using ranked rows of benefits and bar charts.
The results of the study present the effect of excipients from groups of alkaline and acid fractions, dyes, flavors, fillers on the quality of the sachets. The results of the study show that the different tested excipients show the greatest influence on appearance of the mass, bulk density, density after shrinkage, Carr`s index, fluidity, angle of the slope, mass loss in drying, solution appearance, solution smell, solution taste and pH of the solution.
Generalized results of dispersion analysis showed that calcium phosphate, citric anhydrous acid, maleic acid, curcumin, lemon-lime flavor and sugar powder improve the pharmacological-technological and organoleptic characteristics of the studied sachet.
In the result of the work, the selection of excipients in the development of a sachet is scientifically substantiated. The influence of the exipiences nature on the pharmaco-technological indicators sachets and organoleptic properties was studied. It was selected the excipients for the optimal sachet composition with anti-inflammatory properties.
INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto 
Published: October 2018

Wacana Integrasi di Indonesia sudah lama digaungkan sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam UUSPN Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 pasal 30 yang mewajibkan penyelenggaraan pendidikan Agama pada semua strata pendidikan sebagai bentuk kesadaran bersama untuk mencapai kualitas hidup yang utuh. Pelaksanaan pendidikan memiliki dua misi utama yaitu pembinaan daya intelektual dan pembinaan daya moral, Mensinergikan sains dan Islam (Agama) merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting, bahkan keharusan, karena dengan mengabaikan nilai-nilai Agama dalam perkembangan sains dan tekhnologi akan melahirkan dampak negatif yang luar biasa. Dampak negatif dari kecendurungan mengabaikan nilai-nilai (moral Agama) bisa kita lihat secara emperik pada perilaku korup dan lain sebagaianya yang dilakukan oleh manusia dimuka bumi ini dengan munggunakan kekuatan sains dan tekhnolog. Fokus Pembahasan: Apa Pengertian Integrasi Pendidikan dan Bagaimana Implikasinya terhadap lembaga Pendidikan di Indonesia.
PENGAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KAISA DALAM MENGHAFAL AL QURAN PADA ANAK
Authors: Salamah Umi 
Published: October 2018

Metode kaisa adalah cara menghafal al-Quran yang berorientasi pada hafalan dan pemahaman ayat al-Quran beserta artinya melalui gerakan atau kinestetik yang disesuaikan dengan arti setiap ayat sehingga memberikan kemudahan santri untuk memahami dan mengingat setiap ayat al-Quran yang diberikan. Tahapan metode kaisa : Guru memberi salam, menyiapkan atau memberi aba-aba kepada santri persiapan proses belajar mengajar, presensi kehadiran santri, membaca basmalah dan doa sebelum belajar, Murojaah atau mengulang hafalan, tambahan hafalan dengan membaca ayat perkata dengan gerakan/kinestetik, menjelaskan hukum tajwid serta maknanya/tafsirnya, santri melafalkan ayat secara berulang-ulang sampai ayat tersebut dihafal, satu per satu santri melafalkan ayat sesuai hukum tajwidnya dan menerjemahkan per kata, guru menyimak hafalan ayat yang dihafalkan oleh masing-masing santri, guru membenarkan jika ada kesalahan dengan hukum tajwid serta artinya, setelah ayat pertama dihafal, guru membimbing santri untuk lanjut ke ayat berikutnya dengan perlakuan yang sama, merefleksi pembelajaran dengan memberi game sambung ayat (yaitu hafalan surat-surat secara berkesin- ambungan), penutup pembelajaran dengan doa senandung al-Quran dan doa kafaratul majelis secara berjamaah.
A Large Ground-based Observing Campaign of the Disintegrating Planet K2-22b
Authors: Colón Knicole D. , Zhou George , Shporer Avi , Collins Karen A. , Bieryla Allyson , Espinoza Néstor , Murgas Felipe , Pattarakijwanich Petchara , Awiphan Supachai , Armstrong James D. , Bailey Jeremy , Barentsen Geert , Bayliss Daniel , Chakpor Anurak , Cochran William D. , Dhillon Vikram S. , Horne Keith , Ireland Michael , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , Kielkopf John F. , Komonjinda Siramas , Latham David W. , Marsh Tom. R. , Mkrtichian David E. , Pallé Enric , Ruffolo David , Sefako Ramotholo , Tinney Chris G. , Wannawichian Suwicha , Yuma Suraphong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present 45 ground-based photometric observations of the K2-22 system collected between 2016 December and 2017 May, which we use to investigate the evolution of the transit of the disintegrating planet K2-22b. Last observed in early 2015, in these new observations we recover the transit at multiple epochs and measure a typical depth of <1.5%. We find that the distribution of our measured transit depths is comparable to the range of depths measured in observations from 2014 and 2015. These new observations also support ongoing variability in the K2-22b transit shape and time, although the overall shallowness of the transit makes a detailed analysis of these transit parameters difficult. We find no strong evidence of wavelength-dependent transit depths for epochs where we have simultaneous coverage at multiple wavelengths, although our stacked Las Cumbres Observatory data collected over days-to-months timescales are suggestive of a deeper transit at blue wavelengths. We encourage continued high-precision photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of this system in order to further constrain the evolution timescale and to aid comparative studies with the other few known disintegrating planets.
Techniques for Finding Close-in, Low-mass Planets around Evolved Intermediate-mass Stars
Authors: Medina A. A. , Johnson J. A. , Eastman J. D. , Cargile P. A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Jupiter-mass planets with large semimajor axes (a > 1.0 au) occur at a higher rate around evolved intermediate-mass stars. There is a pronounced paucity of close-in (a < 0.6 au), intermediate-period (5 < P < 100 days), low-mass (M
planet < 0.7M
Jup ) planets, known as the “Planet Desert.” Current radial velocity (RV) methods have yet to yield close-in, low-mass planets around these stars because the planetary signals could be hidden by the (5–10) m s−1 RV variations caused by acoustic oscillations. We find that by implementing an observing strategy of taking three observations per night separated by an optimal Δt, which is a function of the oscillation periods and amplitudes, we can average over the stellar jitter and improve our sensitivity to low-mass planets. We find that Δt can be approximated using the stellar mass and radius given by the relationship Δt = 1.79

. We test our proposed method by injecting planets into well-sampled data of a subgiant star, γ Cep. We compare the fraction of planets recovered by our method to the fraction of planets recovered using current RV observational strategies. We find that our method decreases the rms of the stellar jitter due to acoustic oscillations by a factor of three over current single epoch observing strategies used for subgiant stars. Our observing strategy provides a means to test whether the Planet Desert extends to lower-mass planets.
Extracting Bias Using the Cross-bispectrum: An EoR and 21 cm–[C ii]–[C ii] Case Study
Authors: Beane Angus , Lidz Adam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The amplitude of redshifted 21 cm fluctuations during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is expected to show a distinctive “rise and fall” behavior with decreasing redshift as reionization proceeds. On large scales (k ≲ 0.1 Mpc−1) this can mostly be characterized by evolution in the product of the mean 21 cm brightness temperature and a bias factor,

. This quantity evolves in a distinctive way that can help in determining the average ionization history of the intergalactic medium from upcoming 21 cm fluctuation data sets. Here we consider extracting

using a combination of future redshifted 21 cm and [C ii] line-intensity mapping data sets. Our method exploits the dependence of the 21 cm–[C ii]–[C ii] cross-bispectrum on the shape of triangle configurations in Fourier space. This allows one to determine

yet, importantly, is less sensitive to foreground contamination than the 21 cm auto-spectrum and so can provide a valuable cross-check. We compare the results of simulated bispectra with second-order perturbation theory: on the largest scales well probed by our simulations (k ∼ 0.05 Mpc−1), the perturbative estimate of

matches the true value to within 10% for

. The perturbative formula is most accurate early in the EoR. We consider the 21 cm auto-bispectrum and show that this statistic may also be used to extract the 21 cm bias factor. Finally, we discuss the survey requirements for measuring the cross-bispectrum. Although we focus on the 21 cm–[C ii]–[C ii] bispectrum during reionization, our method may be of broader interest and can be applied to any two fields throughout cosmic history.
Au service des entrepreneurs !
Authors: Naszályi Philippe 
Published: October 2018

Quel est l’impact de la recherche sur les managers ? L’étude de 1557 réponses obtenues, a permis d’appréhender la manière dont l’impact de la recherche est perçu par les managers. La RSG se place en 4 e position du TOP 10 des revues les plus reconnues par les entrepreneurs : Pas mal pour la seule revue indépendante d’une fondation ou d’une association, et la seule gérée comme une entreprise ! L’étude ne mesure pas l’impact à l’étranger qui nous aurait renforcé encore . Être la plus ancienne revue francophone, avoir reçu du grand universitaire et homme d’Etat, Raymond Barre, le qualification de « 1 re revue francophone de management » oblige et fixe la ligne de crête pour « être au service des entrepreneurs ». Voilà pourquoi exceptionnellement à côté des recensions bibliographiques de nos collaborateurs attitrés (page 157), nous présentons brièvement en clin d’œil, un ouvrage sur le parcours de 20 entrepreneurs (page 101). Trois dossiers thématiques entendent répondre également à cette préoccupation permanente par leur diversité et leur lien avec le terrain, d’étude, d’expertise, de synthèse. - « Géographie et entreprises », privilégie l’environnement territorial, régional voire immatériel. - « Collaborations et coopérations » découle naturellement du fait des contraintes des évolutions des technologies notamment de l’information et de la nécessaire utilité de trouver des fondements économiques et sociologiques aux défis de la mondialisation. - « Mesures et contrôles », aborde par des cas souvent très orignaux, une logique d’évaluation nécessaire à tout acte d’« administration » pour reprendre le vocabulaire du père du management qu’est Henri Fayol dont l’objectif était déjà de placer sa publication « au service des entrepreneurs » !