bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic mosaic phenotypes of flowering plants
Authors: Harder Lawrence D. , Strelin Marina M. , Clocher Ilona C. , Kulbaba Mason W. , Aizen Marcelo A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEcological interaction and adaptation both depend on phenotypic characteristics. In contrast with the common conception of the ‘adult’ phenotype, plant bodies develop continuously during their lives. Furthermore, the different units (metamers) that comprise plant bodies are not identical copies, but vary extensively within individuals. These characteristics foster recognition of plant phenotypes as dynamic mosaics. We elaborate this conception based largely on a wide‐ranging review of developmental, ecological and evolutionary studies of plant reproduction, and identify its utility in the analysis of plant form, function and diversification. An expanded phenotypic conception is warranted because dynamic mosaic features affect plant performance and evolve. Evidence demonstrates that dynamic mosaic phenotypes enable functional ontogeny, division of labour, resource and mating efficiency. In addition, dynamic mosaic features differ between individuals and experience phenotypic selection. Investigation of the characteristics and roles of dynamic and mosaic features of plant phenotypes benefits from considering within‐individual variation as a function‐valued trait that can be analysed with functional data methods. Phenotypic dynamics and within‐individual variation arise despite an individual's genetic uniformity, and develop largely by heterogeneous gene expression and associated hormonal control. These characteristics can be heritable, so that dynamic mosaic phenotypes can evolve and diversify by natural selection.
Control of leaf blade outgrowth and floral organ development by LEUNIG, ANGUSTIFOLIA3 and WOX transcriptional regulators
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wang Hui , Kalve Shweta , Wolabu Tezera W. , Nakashima Jin , Golz John F. , Tadege Million 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Plant lateral organ development is a complex process involving both transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms. The WOX transcriptional repressor WOX1/STF, the LEUNIG (LUG) transcriptional corepressor and the ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) transcriptional coactivator play important roles in leaf blade outgrowth and flower development, but how these factors coordinate their activities remains unclear. Here we report physical and genetic interactions among these key regulators of leaf and flower development.

We developed a novel in planta transcriptional activation/repression assay and suggest that LUG could function as a transcriptional coactivator during leaf blade development.

MtLUG physically interacts with MtAN3, and this interaction appears to be required for leaf and flower development. A single amino acid substitution at position 61 in the SNH domain of MtAN3 protein abolishes its interaction with MtLUG, and its transactivation activity and biological function. Mutations in lug and an3 enhanced each other's mutant phenotypes. Both the lug and the an3 mutations enhanced the wox1 prs leaf and flower phenotypes in Arabidopsis.

Our findings together suggest that transcriptional repression and activation mediated by the WOX, LUG and AN3 regulators function in concert to promote leaf and flower development, providing novel mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of plant lateral organ development.
Dead or dying? Quantifying the point of no return from hydraulic failure in drought‐induced tree mortality
Authors: Hammond William M. , Yu Kailiang , Wilson Luke A. , Will Rodney E. , Anderegg William R. L. , Adams Henry D. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Determining physiological mechanisms and thresholds for climate‐driven tree die‐off could help improve global predictions of future terrestrial carbon sinks. We directly tested for the lethal threshold in hydraulic failure – an inability to move water due to drought‐induced xylem embolism – in a pine sapling experiment.

In a glasshouse experiment, we exposed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) saplings (n = 83) to drought‐induced water stress ranging from mild to lethal. Before rewatering to relieve drought stress, we measured native hydraulic conductivity and foliar color change. We monitored all measured individuals for survival or mortality.

We found a lethal threshold at 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity – a point of hydraulic failure beyond which it is more likely trees will die, than survive, and describe mortality risk across all levels of water stress. Foliar color changes lagged behind hydraulic failure – best predicting when trees had been dead for some time, rather than when they were dying.

Our direct measurement of native conductivity, while monitoring the same individuals for survival or mortality, quantifies a continuous probability of mortality risk from hydraulic failure. Predicting tree die‐off events and understanding the mechanism involved requires knowledge not only of when trees are dead, but when they begin dying – having passed the point of no return.
Mode of delivery and mortality among neonates with gastroschisis: A population‐based cohort in Texas
Authors: Lopez Adriana , Benjamin Renata H. , Raut Janhavi R. , Ramakrishnan Anushuya , Mitchell Laura E. , Tsao Kuojen , Johnson Anthony , Langlois Peter H. , Swartz Michael D. , Agopian A.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMode of delivery is hypothesised to influence clinical outcomes among neonates with gastroschisis. Results from previous studies of neonatal mortality have been mixed; however, most studies have been small, clinical cohorts and have not adjusted for potential confounders.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether caesarean delivery is associated with mortality among neonates with gastroschisis.MethodsWe studied liveborn, nonsyndromic neonates with gastroschisis delivered during 1999‐2014 using data from the Texas Birth Defect Registry. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we separately assessed the relationship between caesarean and death during two different time periods, prior to 29 days (<29 days) and prior to 365 days (<365 days) after delivery, adjusting for potential confounders. We also updated a recent meta‐analysis on this relationship, combining our estimates with those from the literature.ResultsAmong 2925 neonates with gastroschisis, 63% were delivered by caesarean. No associations were observed between caesarean delivery and death <29 days (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63, 1.61) or <365 days after delivery (aHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.70, 1.41). The results were similar among those with additional malformations and among those without additional malformations. When we combined our estimate with prior estimates from the literature, results were similar (combined risk ratio [RR] 1.00, 95% CI 0.84, 1.19).ConclusionsAlthough caesarean rates among neonates with gastroschisis were high, our results suggest that mode of delivery is not associated with mortality among these individuals. However, data on morbidity outcomes (eg intestinal damage, infection) were not available in this study.
Oral health as a gateway to overall health and well‐being: Surveillance of the geriatric population in the United States
Authors: Hung Man , Moffat Ryan , Gill Gagandeep , Lauren Evelyn , Ruiz‐Negrón Bianca , Rosales Megan N. , Richey James , Licari Frank W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsLittle evidence exists to confirm that better oral health is associated with better overall health and well‐being. The present study aimed to examine the impact of oral health on the overall health of the population greater than 65‐year old in the entire United States.Methods and resultsData from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016 were used. Variables included demographics and perceptions of oral health and overall health and well‐being. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated using mean, standard deviation, and percentage as appropriate. Chi‐square tests and logistic regressions were performed to examine the association of oral health with physical health, mental health, general health, and systemic disease conditions. Analyses showed statistically significant relationships between oral health, physical, mental and general health, energy levels, work limitation, depression, and appetite. Out of the 10 systemic diseases being investigated, six of them were directly related to oral health outcome.ConclusionThis study provided strong empirical evidence that oral health is directly associated with different disease conditions and contributes largely to an individual's general health, particularly in the elderly. In the current landscape of patient‐centered and value‐based care, addressing the oral health needs of the elderly, who generally find themselves with limited access to care, should be a priority.
Complications related to entry techniques for laparoscopy in 159 dogs and cats
Authors: Anderson Scott J. , Fransson Boel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the frequency and risk factors of complications related to 3 entry techniques for laparoscopy in small animals.Study designSingle‐institution retrospective case series.Animals159 client‐owned dogs and cats.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for dogs and cats undergoing laparoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation between 2006 and 2018. Data including entry site, entry technique, signalment, body conformation, complications, and operating surgeon/resident were analyzed by univariate regression analysis. Factors with P < .25 were included in multivariate regression analysis.ResultsComplications occurred in 33 of 159 (21%) surgeries and were considered minor (CO2 leaks, omental insufflation, repeated entry) in 30 of 33 (91%) cases. The Ternamian visual entry, modified Hasson, and Veress needle entry techniques were associated with complications in 7 (9%), 17 (26%), and 9 (60%) surgeries, respectively. Major complications occurred in 3 of 159 (2%) surgeries, in which entry‐related hemorrhage prompted conversion to an open technique (2 [13%] entries with Veress needle) and 1 [1%] with the Ternamian visual). Entry location and entry technique remained significant in the final multivariate model. Complications were 11.7 times more likely after a paramedian entry than after a midline entry; the odds ratio of complications were 5 and 28 times higher after modified Hasson and Veress needle entries, respectively, than after Ternamian visual entry.ConclusionIn this study, a Ternamian visual entry technique and midline entry site appeared associated with fewer complications than 2 other techniques.Clinical significanceThe findings in this study are preliminary, and superiority of any entry technique must be reevaluated in a prospective randomized controlled study.
Biological removal of phosphorus and diversity analysis of microbial community in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system
Authors: Ge Yanhui , Lan Jing , Zhan Chaoguo , Zhou Yan , Ma Chuanxin , Zhao Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor was used to test enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in wastewater. In the present study, after 6 weeks of operation, the phosphorous and TOC removal efficiency reached to 97.8 and 97.5%, respectively. Our results suggest that phosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) play a key role in the phosphorus removal in the EBPR system. Qualitative and quantitative measurements indicate the appear and changing trend of characteristic particles in activated sludge, which further illustrates the metabolic activity and mechanism of PAOs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) images showed that PAOs gradually became the predominant bacteria in the EBPR system, aligning with the results of phosphorus removal rate. PCR‐DGGE profile demonstrated that with the operation of EBPR process, the composition of microorganisms became more and more abundant in the EBPR system over time. Further sequencing analysis indicated that these microbial populations belonged to α‐Proteobacteria, β‐Proteobacteria, γ‐proteobacteria, Rhodococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
Guadalupian (Permian) onset of subduction zone volcanism and geodynamic turnover from passive- to active-margin tectonics in southeast China
Authors: Zhang Feng-Qi , Wu Hong-Xiang , Dilek Yildirim , Zhang Wei , Zhu Kong-Yang , Chen Han-Lin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
New stratigraphic, geochemical, and geochronological data from the late Paleozoic depositional record in Anhui Province, China, signal the onset of active-margin magmatism in East Asia. Chert-shale sequences of the Gufeng Formation are part of a Carboniferous–Permian carbonate platform that developed along the passive margin of the South China block. Thin tuffaceous interlayers in these sequences represent distal ash deposits, marking discrete volcanic events. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon dating of the stratigraphically bottom and near-top tuffaceous interlayers has revealed crystallization ages of 270 Ma and 264 Ma, respectively, constraining the time span of subaerial eruptions to ∼6 m.y. during the Guadalupian Epoch. High SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, enrichments in large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements, and depletion patterns of high field strength and heavy rare earth elements indicate a calc-alkaline magma source in an arc setting for the origin of these volcanic tuff deposits. Detrital zircon geochronology of sandstones in the overlying Longtan Formation shows two prominent age populations of 290–250 Ma and 1910–1800 Ma. The former age cluster overlaps with the tightly constrained zircon ages obtained from the Gufeng Formation. The latter age group is compatible with the known magmatic-metamorphic ages from Cathaysia in the South China block, and it points to the existence of a NE-SW–trending topographic high as a major sediment source. We interpret this topographic high and silicic volcanism to represent an Andean-type active margin, developed above a north-dipping paleo-Pacific slab. Our tightly constrained Guadalupian eruption ages indicate the inception of magmatic arc construction and mark a major switch from passive- to active-margin tectonics along SE Asia.
Ocular involvement in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with long-term follow-up
Authors: Rousseau Antoine , Prost-Squarcioni Catherine , Doan Serge , Leroux-Villet Christelle , Caux Frédéric , Hoang-Xuan Than , Cochereau Isabelle , Gabison Eric 
Published: May 2019

Background/aimsTo describe the ocular manifestations associated with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary bullous disease clinic. Consecutive patients were enrolled with biopsy proven diagnosis of EBA, with ocular involvement and a follow-up of at least 36 months. A multidisciplinary team of dermatologists, ENT specialists and ophthalmologists evaluated all patients. Immunological workup included direct (including immune-electron microscopy) and indirect immunofluorescence. Ophthalmological examination included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and slit-lamp examination with grading of conjunctival fibrosis using the Tauber classification.ResultsNine patients (five females, four males) were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 32 years (range 1–52 years). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 18 years (mean 10.7 years). Conjunctival fibrosis was present in all affected eyes and was stage III or greater in 60% of patients. Eight patients (14 eyes) had corneal involvement most frequently associated with trichiasis-associated mechanical irritation or extensive cicatrising conjunctivitis. Corneal lesions developed on three eyes of three patients without eyelid disease or severe fibrosis or any identifiable triggering factor. Eyelids were affected in six patients, with trichiasis being the most common feature (affecting three patients, four eyes). Corneal-related blindness occurred in at least one eye in 44% of the patients.ConclusionEBA may be associated with devastating ocular manifestations. Most patients develop severe cicatrising conjunctivitis. A subset of patients may present with isolated corneal lesions. Further studies are warranted to assess the effects of systemic treatments on the evolution of ocular manifestations.
Does soccer headgear reduce the incidence of sport-related concussion? A cluster, randomised controlled trial of adolescent athletes
Authors: McGuine Timothy , Post Eric , Pfaller Adam Yakuro , Hetzel Scott , Schwarz Allison , Brooks M Alison , Kliethermes Stephanie A 
Published: May 2019

Background
There have been no large randomised controlled trials to determine whether soccer headgear reduces the incidence or severity of sport-related concussion (SRC) in US high school athletes.

Objective
We aimed to determine whether headgear reduces the incidence or severity (days out from soccer) of SRCs in soccer players.

Methods
2766 participants (67% female, age 15.6±1.2) (who undertook 3050 participant years) participated in this cluster randomised trial. Athletes in the headgear (HG) group wore headgear during the season, while those in the no headgear (NoHG) group did not. Staff recorded SRC and non-SRC injuries and soccer exposures. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine time-to-SRC between groups, while severity was compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results
130 participants (5.3% female, 2.2% male) sustained an SRC. The incidence of SRC was not different between the HG and NoHG groups for males (HR: 2.00 (0.63–6.43) p=0.242) and females (HR: 0.86 (0.54–1.36) p=0.520). Days lost from SRC were not different (p=0.583) between the HG group (13.5 (11.0–018.8) days) and the NoHG group (13.0 (9.0–18.8) days).

Conclusions
Soccer headgear did not reduce the incidence or severity of SRC in high school soccer players.

Trial registration number

NCT02850926
.
Chronic use of tramadol after acute pain episode: cohort study
Authors: Thiels Cornelius A , Habermann Elizabeth B , Hooten W Michael , Jeffery Molly M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the risk of prolonged opioid use in patients receiving tramadol compared with other short acting opioids.DesignObservational study of administrative claims data.SettingUnited States commercial and Medicare Advantage insurance claims (OptumLabs Data Warehouse) January 1, 2009 through June 30, 2018.ParticipantsOpioid-naive patients undergoing elective surgery.Main outcome measureRisk of persistent opioid use after discharge for patients treated with tramadol alone compared with other short acting opioids, using three commonly used definitions of prolonged opioid use from the literature: additional opioid use (defined as at least one opioid fill 90-180 days after surgery); persistent opioid use (any span of opioid use starting in the 180 days after surgery and lasting ≥90 days); and CONSORT definition (an opioid use episode starting in the 180 days after surgery that spans ≥90 days and includes either ≥10 opioid fills or ≥120 days’ supply of opioids).ResultsOf 444 764 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 357 884 filled a discharge prescription for one or more opioids associated with one of 20 included operations. The most commonly prescribed post-surgery opioid was hydrocodone (53.0% of those filling a single opioid), followed by short acting oxycodone (37.5%) and tramadol (4.0%). The unadjusted risk of prolonged opioid use after surgery was 7.1% (n=31 431) with additional opioid use, 1.0% (n=4457) with persistent opioid use, and 0.5% (n=2027) meeting the CONSORT definition. Receipt of tramadol alone was associated with a 6% increase in the risk of additional opioid use relative to people receiving other short acting opioids (incidence rate ratio 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.13; risk difference 0.5 percentage points; P=0.049), 47% increase in the adjusted risk of persistent opioid use (1.25 to 1.69; 0.5 percentage points; P<0.001), and 41% increase in the adjusted risk of a CONSORT chronic opioid use episode (1.08 to 1.75; 0.2 percentage points; P=0.013).ConclusionsPeople receiving tramadol alone after surgery had similar to somewhat higher risks of prolonged opioid use compared with those receiving other short acting opioids. Federal governing bodies should consider reclassifying tramadol, and providers should use as much caution when prescribing tramadol in the setting of acute pain as for other short acting opioids.
The CONSTANCES job exposure matrix based on self-reported exposure to physical risk factors: development and evaluation
Authors: Evanoff Bradley A , Yung Marcus , Buckner-Petty Skye , Andersen Johan Hviid , Roquelaure Yves , Descatha Alexis , Dale Ann Marie 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesJob exposure matrices (JEMs) can be constructed from expert-rated assessments, direct measurement and self-reports. This paper describes the construction of a general population JEM based on self-reported physical exposures, its ability to create homogeneous exposure groups (HEG) and the use of different exposure metrics to express job-level estimates.MethodsThe JEM was constructed from physical exposure data obtained from the Cohorte des consultants des Centres d’examens de santé (CONSTANCES). Using data from 35 526 eligible participants, the JEM consisted of 27 physical risk factors from 407 job codes. We determined whether the JEM created HEG by performing non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (NPMANOVA). We compared three exposure metrics (mean, bias-corrected mean, median) by calculating within-job and between-job variances, and by residual plots between each metric and individual reported exposure.ResultsNPMANOVA showed significantly higher between-job than within-job variance among the 27 risk factors (F(253,21964)=61.33, p<0.0001, r2=41.1%). The bias-corrected mean produced more favourable HEG as we observed higher between-job variance and more explained variance than either means or medians. When compared with individual reported exposures, the bias-corrected mean led to near-zero mean differences and lower variance than other exposure metrics.ConclusionsCONSTANCES JEM using self-reported data yielded HEGs, and can thus classify individual participants based on job title. The bias-corrected mean metric may better reflect the shape of the underlying exposure distribution. This JEM opens new possibilities for using unbiased exposure estimates to study the effects of workplace physical exposures on a variety of health conditions within a large general population study.