bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport Bias by Ocean Currents in Sedimentary Microplankton Assemblages: Implications for Paleoceanographic Reconstructions
Authors: Nooteboom Peter D. , Bijl Peter K. , van Sebille Erik , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrofossils from plankton are used for paleoceanographic reconstructions. An often‐made assumption in quantitative microplankton‐based paleoceanographic reconstructions is that sedimentary assemblages represent conditions of the directly overlying surface water. However, any immobile particle sinking down the water column is subjected to transport by three‐dimensional currents, which results in a lateral relocation along transport. We model dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) transport in a high‐resolution (0.1° horizontally) global model of the present‐day ocean and compare ocean conditions in the simulated origin of sedimentary particles to that in the directly overlying water. We find that the assumption that sedimentary particles represent the overlying surface waters is in most regions not valid. The bias induced by dinocyst transport depends on ocean current strength and direction, aggregation of particles which could increase the sinking speed, and the sediment sample depth. By using realistic sinking speeds of dinocysts and aggregates, extreme biases up to approximately ±16 °C warmer or ±4 PSU saltier are found, while other regions show lower bias from particle transport. Our model results provide a way to mechanistically and statistically explain the unexpected occurrences of some dinocyst species outside of their “normal” occurrence region, such as the northerly occurrence of the allegedly sea‐ice‐affiliated dinocyst Selenopemphix antarctica. Exclusion of such outlier occurrences will yield better constrained ecological affinites for dinocyst species, which has implications for microfossil‐based quantitative and qualitative proxies for paleoceanographic conditions. We recommend paleoceanographers to a priori evaluate the (paleo)water depth, oceanographic setting, current strength, and particle aggregation probability for their sedimentary microplankton assemblages.
Update on Galactic Cosmic Ray Integral Flux Measurements in Lunar Orbit With CRaTER
Authors: Zeitlin C. , Schwadron N. A. , Spence H. E. , Jordan A. P. , Looper M. D. , Wilson J. , Mazur J. E. , Townsend L. W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report updated measurements of the integral fluxes of energetic protons, helium ions, and heavier ions as measured by the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER). CRaTER is a particle telescope that has been operating aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter since 2009. In an earlier report, we presented the methodology used to extract linear energy transfer spectra and integral fluxes for particles with sufficient energies to fully penetrate the telescope. Results were presented for the time span from late 2009 to the end of calendar year 2014, a period that encompassed the rise of solar activity from deep solar minimum to the weak maximum of Cycle 24. Here, we update the results with data obtained from that point in time through the end of 2018, in the declining phase of Cycle 24. Fluxes obtained in the most recent data are approaching the peak levels observed in late 2009 and early 2010. The results can be used as input to models of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays and are also relevant to human exploration of deep space.
DC-SIGN–LEF1/TCF1–miR-185 feedback loop promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Yuan Menglang , Zhang Xinsheng , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Keyong , Zhang Yu , Shang Wei , Zhang Yinan , Cui Jingyi , Shi Xiaomeng , Na Heya , Fang Deyu , Zuo Yunfei , Ren Shuangyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDC-SIGN is previously focused on its physiologic and pathophysiologic roles in immune cells. Little is known about whether DC-SIGN is expressed in malignant epithelial cells and how DC-SIGN participates in tumor progression. Here we showed that DC-SIGN expression was increased in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and patient tissues. The overall survival in CRC patients with positive DC-SIGN was remarkably reduced. Gain of DC-SIGN function facilitated the CRC metastases both in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was reversed by miR-185. DC-SIGN and Lyn interacted physically, and Lyn maintained the stability of DC-SIGN in cells. DC-SIGN activation recruited Lyn and p85 to form the DC-SIGN-Lyn-p85 complex, which promoted CRC metastasis by increasing PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling in tyrosine kinase Lyn-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of DC-SIGN promoted the transcription of MMP-9 and VEGF by increasing PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling, and induced TCF1/LEF1-mediated suppression of miR-185. Our findings reveal the presence of the DC-SIGN–TCF1/LEF1–miR-185 loop in cancer cells with metastatic traits, implying that it may represent a new pathogenic mechanism of CRC metastasis. This character of the loop promises to provide new targets for blocking CRC invasive and metastatic activity.
LZ-101, a novel derivative of danofloxacin, induces mitochondrial apoptosis by stabilizing FOXO3a via blocking autophagy flux in NSCLC cells
Authors: Guo Yongjian , Zhao Yue , Zhou Yuxin , Tang Xiaoqing , Li Zhiyu , Wang Xiaotang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNon-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) continues to be a vital disease worldwide for its high incidence and consequent mortality rate. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of LZ-101, a new derivative of danofloxacin, against non-small-cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, LZ-101 inhibited the viability of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that LZ-101 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells. Further research illuminated that LZ-101 induced apoptosis was related to the activation of FOXO3a/Bim pathway. Moreover, we found that LZ-101 increased the stability of FOXO3a by blocking autophagy-dependent FOXO3a degradation. However, inhibition of autophagosome formation abolished FOXO3a stabilization and apoptosis induced by LZ-101. In vivo, LZ-101 exerted a remarkable anti-tumor activity with high safety in xenograft model inoculated A549 tumor through the same mechanism as in our in vitro study. In conclusion, our findings indicated that LZ-101 induces mitochondrial apoptosis and stabilizes FOXO3a by blocking autophagy flux.
HLA-VBSeq v2: improved HLA calling accuracy with full-length Japanese class-I panel
Authors: Wang Yen-Yen , Mimori Takahiro , Khor Seik-Soon , Gervais Olivier , Kawai Yosuke , Hitomi Yuki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nagasaki Masao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHLA-VBSeq is an HLA calling tool developed to infer the most likely HLA types from high-throughput sequencing data. However, there is still room for improvement in specific genetic groups because of the diversity of HLA alleles in human populations. Here, we present HLA-VBSeq v2, a software application that makes use of a new Japanese HLA reference panel to enhance calling accuracy for Japanese HLA class-I genes. Our analysis showed significant improvements in calling accuracy in all HLA regions, with prediction accuracies achieving over 99.0, 97.8, and 99.8% in HLA-A, B and C, respectively.
Effects of acute exposures to carbon dioxide on decision making and cognition in astronaut-like subjects
Authors: Scully Robert R. , Basner Mathias , Nasrini Jad , Lam Chiu-wing , Hermosillo Emanuel , Gur Ruben C. , Moore Tyler , Alexander David J. , Satish Usha , Ryder Valerie E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcute exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations below those found on the International Space Station are reported to deteriorate complex decision-making. Effective decision-making is critical to human spaceflight, especially during an emergency response. Therefore, effects of acutely elevated CO2 on decision-making competency and various cognitive domains were assessed in astronaut-like subjects by the Strategic Management Simulation (SMS) and Cognition test batteries. The double-blind cross-over study included 22 participants at the Johnson Space Center randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group was exposed to a different sequence of four concentrations of CO2 (600, 1200, 2500, 5000 ppm). Subjects performed Cognition before entering the chamber, 15 min and 2.5 h after entering the chamber, and 15 min after exiting the chamber. The SMS was administered 30 min after subjects entered the chamber. There were no clear dose–response patterns for performance on either SMS or Cognition. Performance on most SMS measures and aggregate speed, accuracy, and efficiency scores across Cognition tests were lower at 1200 ppm than at baseline (600 ppm); however, at higher CO2 concentrations performance was similar to or exceeded baseline for most measures. These outcomes, which conflict with those of other studies, likely indicate differing characteristics of the various subject populations and differences in the aggregation of unrecognized stressors, in addition to CO2, are responsible for disparate outcomes among studies. Studies with longer exposure durations are needed to verify that cognitive impairment does not develop over time in crew-like subjects.
Stock-specific chemical brood signals are induced by Varroa and Deformed Wing Virus, and elicit hygienic response in the honey bee
Authors: Wagoner K. , Spivak M. , Hefetz A. , Reams T. , Rueppell O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe health of the honey bee Apis mellifera is challenged by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, and the numerous harmful pathogens it vectors. Existing pesticide-based Varroa controls are not sustainable. In contrast, one promising approach for improved honey bee health is the breeding of hygienic bees, capable of detecting and removing brood that is parasitized or diseased. In three experiments we find evidence to support the hypothesis that stock-specific chemical brood signals are induced by Varroa and Deformed Wing Virus, and elicit hygienic response in the honey bee. By collecting, analyzing, and running bioassays involving mite-infested and control brood extracts from three honey bee breeding stocks we: 1) found evidence that a transferrable chemical signal for hygienic behavior is present in Varroa-infested brood extracts, 2) identified ten stock-specific hydrocarbons as candidates of hygienic signaling, and 3) found that two of these hydrocarbons linked to Varroa and DWV were also elevated in brood targeted for hygienic behavior. These findings expand our understanding of honey bee chemical communication, and facilitate the development of improved hygienic selection tools to breed honey bees with greater resistance to Varroa and associated pathogens.
A comprehensive study of the hormetic influence of biosynthesized AgNPs on regenerating rice calli of indica cv. IR64
Authors: Manickavasagam Markandan , Pavan Gadamchetty , Vasudevan Venkatachalam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRice is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide; however, it is not amenable to genetic manipulations, owing to its poor response to tissue culture and regeneration in vitro. To improve its response to tissue culture, we evaluated the influence of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on callus induction, regeneration and rhizogenesis in Indica rice cv. IR64. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized by using silver nitrate and Parthenium hysterophorus plant extract, and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (PHAgNPs), when supplemented in tissue culture medium, promoted callus induction frequency, callus regeneration and rhizogenesis at concentrations of 10 mg l −1, 5 mg l−1 and 10 mg l−1, respectively. Further examination of the endogenous hormonal levels in regenerating calli revealed that AgNPs enhanced regeneration by alleviating abscisic acid and ethylene levels in the plant tissue. The stimulatory influence eliciting the regeneration response was found to be optimal with the supplementation of 5 mg l−1 PHAgNPs in the regeneration medium; the malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide levels were also lower than those in the control, thus suggesting improved antioxidant status. Our results indicated that biosynthesized PHAgNPs may have the potential to positively influence tissue culture of recalcitrant varieties.
Human Papillomavirus awareness and vaccine acceptability among men who have sex with men from mainland China
Authors: Li Xiangwei , Cao Xuefang , Li Zhen , Yang Yu , Li Mufei , Feng Boxuan , Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReductions in persistent HPV infection and related diseases occurrence have been proved among vaccinated males. However, little was known on awareness of HPV and the vaccine in males, especially in high-risk subgroups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), in China. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in MSM from 10 selected cities in mainland China. HPV awareness and vaccination acceptability were investigated through interviews and questionnaires. In total, 3057 eligible participants aged 18 years older from 10 cities were investigated. Only 20.6% (629/3057) of them had ever heard of HPV and 4.8% (146/3057) had heard of HPV vaccine. Factors that potentially influence willingness for HPV vaccination were found to be safety of the vaccine (54.2%, 1656/3057) and severity of HPV infection (52.3%, 1599/3057). After education, 97.8% (2882/2946) of participants would like to pay for HPV vaccination, and only a minority of them (2.5%, 75/2946) would like to afford more than 2000 RMB. Our results showed that the awareness on HPV and the vaccine were quite poor among MSM in mainland China. To promote the application of HPV vaccination in male populations, appropriate information delivery and education on HPV infection and health should be enhanced as well as in females.
Application of nintedanib and other potential anti-fibrotic agents in fibrotic diseases
Authors: Liu Feng , Bayliss George , Zhuang Shougang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nintedanib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPK), inhibits both tyrosine kinase receptors and non-receptor kinases, and block activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and Src family kinases. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the potent anti-fibrotic effect of nintedanib in IPK in human and animal models. Recent preclinical studies have also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of nintedanib on the development and progression of tissue fibrosis in other organs, including liver, kidney, and skin. The anti-fibrotic actions of nintedanib occur through a number of mechanisms, including blocking differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms and efficacy of nintedanib in the treatment of fibrotic diseases in animal models and clinical trials, provide an update on recent advances in the development of other novel antifibrotic agents in preclinical and clinical study, and offer our perspective about the possible clinical application of these agents in fibrotic diseases.
High step‐up cascaded DC–DC converter integrating coupled inductor and passive snubber
Authors: Pan Quanyou , Liu Hongchen , Wheeler Pat , Wu Fengjiang 
Published: June 2019

A new high step‐up cascaded DC–DC converter is proposed in this study, which is composed of one cascaded boost converter, one diode–capacitor structure and a coupled inductor with extended voltage‐doubling cell. The proposed converter can achieve high‐voltage gain by adjusting the duty cycle and the turns ratio of the coupled inductor, which avoids the circuit operating at the extreme duty cycle. Moreover, a passive clamped circuit is utilised to decrease the voltage stresses on the power devices and absorb the energy of leakage inductance of the coupled inductor to increase voltage gain. Thus, it reduces the conduction losses and alleviates the reverse‐recovery problem of diodes. In conclusion, the proposed converter can achieve high‐voltage gain and improve efficiency. The operating principle and steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter is illustrated in detail in this study. Finally, experimental results of a prototype circuit with input voltage 40 V, output voltage 300 V and output power 200 W are presented to verify the analysis results of the proposed converter.
Fast and accurate estimation of multifrequency signals with noise and harmonics in control of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Kania Dariusz , Borkowski Jozef 
Published: June 2019

Photovoltaic systems are the important part of the energy market in many countries around the world. Such systems contain several parts and one of them is the inverter to produce the AC signal. In this paper, an estimation method is used to obtain the value of frequency, amplitude and phase of the grid signal used to drive the inverter in a proper way. The method is based on the 3‐point spectrum interpolation and I class Rife‐Vincent time windows. The tested signal contains harmonics and AWGN noise to reflect real and practical measurement conditions. Additionally, simulations were performed for various values of measurement parameters to show broadly properties of the method. The estimation time is only up to two CiR (cycles of the signal in the measurement window). Harmonic components and noise negatively affect the accuracy but the method is so flexible that it can be adjusted to the needs of a current estimation. The estimation error for SNR  = 50–60 dB and for two additional harmonics is in the order of approximately 10−3.
Nonthermal emission from the reverse shock of the youngest Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3
Authors: Brose R. , Sushch I. , Pohl M. , Luken K. J. , Filipović M. D. , Lin R. 
Published: June 2019

Context. The youngest Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3 is an interesting target for next-generation gamma-ray observatories. So far, the remnant is only detected in the radio and the X-ray bands, but its young age of ≈100 yr and inferred shock speed of ≈14 000 km s−1 could make it an efficient particle accelerator.
Aims. We aim to model the observed radio and X-ray spectra together with the morphology of the remnant. At the same time, we aim to estimate the gamma-ray flux from the source and evaluate the prospects of its detection with future gamma-ray experiments.
Methods. We performed spherical symmetric 1D simulations with the RATPaC code, in which we simultaneously solved the transport equation for cosmic rays, the transport equation for magnetic turbulence, and the hydro-dynamical equations for the gas flow. Separately computed distributions of the particles accelerated at the forward and the reverse shock were then used to calculate the spectra of synchrotron, inverse Compton, and pion-decay radiation from the source.
Results. The emission from G1.9+0.3 can be self-consistently explained within the test-particle limit. We find that the X-ray flux is dominated by emission from the forward shock while most of the radio emission originates near the reverse shock, which makes G1.9+0.3 the first remnant with nonthermal radiation detected from the reverse shock. The flux of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from G1.9+0.3 is expected to be close to the sensitivity threshold of the Cherenkov Telescope Array. The limited time available to grow large-scale turbulence limits the maximum energy of particles to values below 100 TeV, hence G1.9+0.3 is not a PeVatron.
Indications of non-conservative mass transfer in AMXPs
Authors: Marino A. , Di Salvo T. , Burderi L. , Sanna A. , Riggio A. , Papitto A. , Del Santo M. , Gambino A. F. , Iaria R. , Mazzola S. M. 
Published: June 2019

Context. Since the discovery of the first accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) SAX J1808.4−3658 in 1998, the family of these sources has kept growing. Currently, it has 22 members. All AMXPs are transients with usually very long quiescence periods, implying that the mass accretion rate in these systems is quite low and not constant. Moreover, for at least three sources, a non-conservative evolution was also proposed.
Aims. Our purpose is to study the long term averaged mass-accretion rates in all the AMXPs discovered so far, to investigate a non-conservative mass-transfer scenario.
Methods. We calculated the expected mass-transfer rate under the hypothesis of a conservative evolution based on their orbital periods and on the (minimum) mass of the secondary star (as derived from the mass function), driven by gravitational radiation and/or magnetic braking. Using this theoretical mass transfer, we determined the expected accretion luminosity of the systems. Thus, we achieved the lower limit to the distance of the sources by comparing the computed theoretical luminosity and the observed flux averaged over a time period of 20 years. Then, the lower limit to the distance of the sources was compared to the value of the distance reported in the literature to evaluate how reasonable the hypothesis of a conservative mass transfer is.
Results. Based on a sample of 18 sources, we found strong evidence of a non-conservative mass transfer for five sources, for which the estimated distance lower limits are higher than their known distances. We also report hints of mass outflows in a further six sources. The discrepancy can be fixed under the hypothesis of a non-conservative mass transfer in which a fraction of the mass transferred onto the compact object is swept away from the system, likely due to the (rotating magnetic dipole) radiation pressure of the pulsar.
Umsetzungshilfe zu methodischen Kriterien des CONSORT-Statements zur transparenten Publikation von RCTs in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Baulig Christine , Knippschild Stephanie , Krummenauer Frank 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas CONSORT-Statement (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) stellt eine evidenzbasierte Minimalempfehlung für die standardisierte Berichterstattung randomisierter Studien (RCT) dar. Entlang einer Checkliste aus 25 Kriterien zu redaktionellen, regulatorischen und methodischen Determinanten einer RCT ermöglicht die Anleitung deren strukturierte und standardisierte Berichtung; besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Charakterisierung von Designs und Ergebnissen mit Blick auf deren Generalisierbarkeit. Ziel der Anleitung ist eine vollständige und transparente Berichterstattung, um für Leser eine kritische Bewertung und Interpretation der zugrunde liegenden Studiendaten sicherzustellen. In der Realität zeigt sich jedoch immer wieder, dass vor allem die Umsetzung der methodischen Kriterien dieser Checkliste für publizierende Arbeitsgruppen eine Herausforderung darstellt. Hierzu soll mit der folgenden Übersicht eine illustrierte Anleitung zu Mindestangaben zu methodischen Determinanten von Design und Ergebnisdarstellung sowie deren möglicher Ausführung gegeben werden.