bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘You Can’t Dismiss that as Being Less Happy, You See it is Different’. Sexual Counselling in 1950s England
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article uses the audio recordings of sexual counselling sessions carried out by Dr Joan Malleson, a birth control activist and committed family planning doctor in the early 1950s, which are held at the Wellcome Library in London as a case study to explore the ways Malleson and the patients mobilised emotions for respectively managing sexual problems and expressing what they understood as constituting a ‘good sexuality’ in postwar Britain. The article contains two interrelated arguments. First, it argues that Malleson used a psychological framework to inform her clinical work. She resorted to an emotion-based therapy that linked sexual difficulties with unconscious, repressed feelings rooted in past events. In so doing, Malleson actively helped to produce a new form of sexual subjectivity where individuals were encouraged to express their feelings and emotions, breaking with the traditional culture of emotional control and restraint that characterized British society up until the fifties. Second, I argue that not only Malleson but also her patients relied on emotions. The performance of mainly negative emotions reveals what they perceived as the ‘normal’ and sexual ‘ideal’. Sexual therapy sessions reflected the seemingly changing nature of the self towards a more emotionally aware and open one that adopted both the language of emotions and that of popular psychology to articulate his or her sexual difficulties.
Clinical outcomes related to molecular allergy diagnosis
Authors: Melioli Giovanni , Puggioni Francesca , Racca Francesca , Descalzi Desideria , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Heffler Enrico 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Aim of this review is the description of the medical conditions in which the support of molecular allergy diagnostics (MAD) has an impact on the clinical outcomes, such as laboratory diagnostics, prognosis, and therapy of allergic diseases.

Recent findings
The review of the literature of the last 2 years generated a wide number of results on this topic. As expected, not all were obtained by the use of MAD, but, in general, a clear trend is evident.

Summary
Within the large number of works available, laboratory allergy diagnostics seems to be the most frequently discussed topic, in particular considering the complexity of the biological environment where these assays are used. Some interesting news arrive from the prognostic potential of MAD, whereas for allergen immunotherapy, waiting for a well-conducted prospective randomized clinical study, data from retrospective studies still confirms the added values of MAD in the management of the allergic patients.
Dose-response Analysis in the Presence of Shared and Unshared Uncertainties of the Dose Values
Authors: Hofer Eduard 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The dose values used in dose-response analyses are often the result of a computer model. Epistemic uncertainties of the model application make it necessary to perform an uncertainty analysis. Such uncertainties are model parameters, model formulations, and input data subject to either classical or Berkson additive or multiplicative measurement error. Epistemic uncertainties are often shared among the computed dose values of all individuals in a cohort or among groups thereof. The effect of these uncertainties on the estimate of the dose-response parameter in least-squares linear regression is difficult to judge. Additive classical error is known to bias the estimate towards lower values (attenuation). The method suggested in this paper is applicable in situations where any combination of uncertainties mentioned above is involved. All it requires is a random sample of dose vectors taken from their joint subjective probability distribution. Such a sample is the output of a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis of the model application. The covariance matrix of the vectors is used in the computation of correction factors that are possibly true, given the dose vector used in the estimation of the dose-response parameter. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated with five cases. They differ by the combination of uncertainties involved in the uncertainty analysis of a small illustrative dose reconstruction model.
MACULAR CAPILLARY DROPOUT IN FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH VISUAL ACUITY AND DISEASE PROGRESSION
Authors: Zhang Juan , Jiang Chen , Ruan Lu , Yang Qian , Chang Qing , Huang Xin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To quantitatively detect the macular microvascular alterations of eyes with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and analyze their associations with the severity and visual acuity of FEVR.

Methods:
A case–control study comprising 62 patients (62 eyes) with FEVR and 21 age-matched healthy individuals (21 eyes) with normal vision was conducted. Parafoveal vascular density (VD) was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and axial length were recorded.

Results:
Parafoveal VD of eyes with FEVR was lower than that of the controls (P < 0.05). Parafoveal VD decreased with increasing FEVR stages (P < 0.05), and decreased VD in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was independently correlated with FEVR severity (odds ratio: 1.558, P < 0.001) after controlling for other confounding variables. Vascular density in eyes with FEVR and decreased visual acuity was lower than eyes with FEVR and normal visual acuity (SCP, P < 0.001; deep capillary plexus, P = 0.001). Moreover, VD loss had independent association with visual loss in FEVR (SCP: odds ratio: 0.817, P = 0.019; deep capillary plexus: odds ratio: 0.763, P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
There may be parafoveal microvascular defects in FEVR and that VD loss in SCP may be correlated with the severity of FEVR. In addition, VD loss in SCP and deep capillary plexus may be associated with the visual loss in FEVR.
NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome drives postoperative mechanical pain in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Cowie Ashley M. , Menzel Anthony D. , O'Hara Crystal , Lawlor Michael W. , Stucky Cheryl L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Postoperative pain management continues to be suboptimal because of the lack of effective nonopioid therapies and absence of understanding of sex-driven differences. Here, we asked how the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to postoperative pain. Inflammasomes are mediators of the innate immune system that are responsible for activation and secretion of IL-1β upon stimulation by specific molecular signals. Peripheral IL-1β is known to contribute to the mechanical sensitization induced by surgical incision. However, it is not known which inflammasome mediates the IL-1β release after surgical incision. Among the 9 known inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is ideally positioned to drive postoperative pain through IL-1β production because NLRP3 can be activated by factors that are released by incision. Here, we show that male mice that lack NLRP3 (NLRP3KO) recover from surgery-induced behavioral and neuronal mechanical sensitization faster and display less surgical site inflammation than mice expressing NLRP3 (wild-type). By contrast, female NLRP3KO mice exhibit minimal attenuation of the postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity and no change in postoperative inflammation compared with wild-type controls. Sensory neuron-specific deletion of NLRP3 revealed that in males, NLRP3 expressed in non-neuronal cells and potentially sensory neurons drives postoperative pain. However, in females, only the NLRP3 that may be expressed in sensory neurons contributes to postoperative pain where the non-neuronal cell contribution is NLRP3 independent. This is the first evidence of a key role for NLRP3 in postoperative pain and reveals immune-mediated sex differences in postoperative pain.
Text Message Quality Improvement Project for Influenza Vaccine in a Low-Resource Largely Latino Pediatric Population
Authors: Sloand Elizabeth , VanGraafeiland Brigit , Holm Annie , MacQueen Augusta , Polk Sarah 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Children with asthma are targeted for influenza vaccine because of their vulnerability to complications, particularly those with low income or family preference for Spanish language. We used text messaging to encourage caregivers to vaccinate. Participants were children (aged >6 months), predominantly low income and Latino, with an asthma diagnosis attending a pediatric clinic. Interactive text messages that described the vaccine and how to make an appointment were sent to parents in English or Spanish, January 2016 to April 2017. Year 1 messages were evaluated by the investigators considering vaccination results and evidence in the literature. Improvements for Year 2 included timing of message, clarity of message, and using the family language of preference. Messages went to 398 (Year 1) and 485 (Year 2) families. Sixty-four percent of families preferred English; 35% preferred Spanish. Children in Spanish-speaking families were significantly more likely than children in English-speaking families to be vaccinated, 66% versus 46%. Text messaging is a straightforward, low-cost health promotion strategy with potential to improve child health. Quality improvement efforts in outpatient settings with low-income and limited English proficiency families are needed. mHealth strategies may help address the needs of vulnerable populations. SQUIRE V.2.0 guidelines were used for manuscript writing and reporting.
A somatic missense mutation in GNAQ causes capillary malformation
Authors: Bichsel Colette , Bischoff Joyce 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Capillary malformations, the most common type of vascular malformation, are caused by a somatic mosaic mutation in GNAQ, which encodes the Gαq subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins. How the single amino acid change – predicted to activate Gαq – causes capillary malformations is not known but recent advances are helping to unravel the mechanisms.

Recent findings
The GNAQ R183Q mutation is present not only in endothelial cells isolated from skin and brain capillary malformations but also in brain tissue underlying the capillary malformation, raising questions about the origin of capillary malformation-causing cells. Insights from computational analyses shed light on the mechanisms of constitutive activation and new basic science shows Gαq plays roles in sensing shear stress and in regulating cerebral blood flow.

Summary
Several studies confirm the GNAQ R183Q mutation in 90% of nonsyndromic and Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) capillary malformations. The mutation is enriched in endothelial cells and blood vessels isolated from skin, brain, and choroidal capillary malformations, but whether the mutation resides in other cell types must be determined. Further, the mechanisms by which the R183Q mutation alters microvascular architecture and blood flow must be uncovered to develop new treatment strategies for SWS in particular, a devastating disease for which there is no cure.
Practice Structure and Locomotor Learning After Stroke
Authors: Helm Erin E. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Kumar Devina S. , Reisman Darcy S. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:
The optimal characteristics of learning to promote recovery of walking have yet to be defined for the poststroke population. We examined characteristics of task practice that limit or promote learning of a novel locomotor pattern.

Methods:
Thirty-two persons with chronic hemiparesis were randomized to 2 conditions (constant and variable practice) and participated in two 15-minute sessions of split-belt treadmill walking. On day 1, subjects in the constant condition walked on the split-belt treadmill at a constant 2:1 speed ratio, while subjects in the variable condition walked on the split-belt treadmill at 3 different speed ratios. On day 2, both groups participated in 15 minutes of split-belt treadmill walking at the 2:1 speed ratio. Step length and limb phase symmetry metrics were measured to assess within-session learning (ie, adaptation) on day 1 and the ability to retain this new pattern of walking (ie, retention) on day 2.

Results:
The amount of adaptation on day 1 did not differ depending upon practice structure (constant and variable) for step length or limb phase (a)symmetry. The magnitude of reduction in asymmetry from day 1 to day 2 did not differ between groups for step and limb phase (a)symmetry.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The results suggest that variable practice utilizing alternating belt speed ratios does not influence the ability of those with chronic stroke to adapt and retain a novel locomotor pattern. The effects of other forms of variable practice within other locomotor learning paradigms should be explored in those with chronic hemiparesis after stroke.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A257).
Validity and Responsiveness of the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale
Authors: Dannenbaum Elizabeth , Chilingarian Gevorg , Fung Joyce 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:
People with visual vertigo have dizziness provoked by visual stimulation. We have developed a Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) to evaluate their symptoms and response to rehabilitation. Our goal was to validate the VVAS against the Situation Characteristics Questionnaire (SITQ) score and determine its responsiveness to treatment.

Methods:
Participants (n = 115) completed 3 questionnaires: Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), VVAS, and the SITQ at their initial and final sessions of vestibular rehabilitation. The SITQ was analyzed using the Space Motion Discomfort (SMD1) outcome measure and by calculating the average score of all the items (SMDavg). The results were stratified into those who had a significant clinical change in their DHI score posttreatment and those who did not. Associations of the VVAS with SMD scores and change scores were determined by Pearson and Spearman correlations. Nonparametric t tests were used to compare the 2 DHI groups on the clinical outcomes.

Results:
There were significant associations between VVAS scores (P < 0.0001) and both SMD1 (βVVAS = 0.02) and SMDavg scores (βVVAS = 0.03). Significant differences existed between the 2 DHI groups for all scores: VVAS (P = 0.0002), SMD1 (P = 0.02), and SMDavg (P = 0.0001).

Discussion and Conclusions:
VVAS scores correlated well with SMD1 and SMDavg scores. Changes in VVAS pre- and posttreatment scores corresponded to the changes seen in SMD1 and SMDavg scores. The VVAS shows validity and responsiveness to change. The VVAS can be used to detect clients with visual vertigo and to verify the progression of the client's symptoms.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A258).
Eye Movements, Dizziness, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): A Topical Review of Emerging Evidence and Screening Measures
Authors: Whitney Susan L. , Sparto Patrick J. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:
Eye movements may be adversely affected after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and should be examined. The purpose of this topical review is to provide the clinician with the most up-to-date knowledge related to eye movement abnormalities, screening measures, and evidence related to exercise interventions that are designed to enhance outcomes in persons after mTBI.

Summary of Key Points:
Presence of eye misalignment such as tropias or phoria or symptoms with head/eye movements such as vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) × 1, saccades, or smooth pursuits may slow the person's recovery. Tools such as the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey, the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening, the Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Visually Induced Dizziness questionnaire may aid in identifying visual concerns to target in the physical therapy intervention program. There is emerging evidence that vestibular rehabilitation enhances recovery in persons after mTBI.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
A thorough eye examination is highly recommended after mTBI to identify targeted areas for intervention.
Impaired Calcium Metabolism in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Topical Review
Authors: Jeong Seong-Hae , Kim Ji-Soo 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:
Although acute attacks of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may be treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers, there have been no well-designed prospective trials to prevent this highly prevalent and recurrent disorder. This topical review explores the evidence related to the association between deficient calcium metabolism and BPPV. We also describe the development of therapeutic options to prevent recurrences of BPPV and introduce results from a recent randomized controlled trial on the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in preventing BPPV recurrences.

Summary of Key Points:
The literature describes 3 lines of evidence on association of impaired calcium metabolism and development of BPPV: (1) decreased bone mineral density was more frequently observed in persons with BPPV than in healthy controls; (2) estrogen plays a vital role in maintenance of otoconia, and estrogen deficiency appears to precipitate degeneration of otoconia and development of BPPV; and (3) lower serum vitamin D level is associated with development of BPPV, and supplementation of vitamin D and calcium carbonate may reduce further attacks of BPPV in persons with BPPV and subnormal serum vitamin D level.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
Restoration of impaired calcium metabolism with supplementation of vitamin D or estrogen should be considered in the treatment of individuals with frequent recurrences of BPPV. Future randomized controlled trials are mandatory to validate these supplementation therapies in individuals with recurrent BPPV.
Body Coloration Artifacts Encountered at Medicolegal Autopsy in India
Authors: Behera Chittaranjan , Chauhan Mohit , Sikary Asit Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Application of color on the external body surface before, during, and after death, such as during a festivity, cultural occasion, or after death ritual, can present as an artifact at forensic autopsy. The present study is a retrospective review of body color artifacts collected from postmortem reports, inquest papers and photographs of each individual case autopsied at our institutes during a 12 year period from 2004 to 2015. The reason for body colorations were various festivities, after death rituals and beautification products, among others. The body coloration mimicked antemortem changes, such as cyanosis, injury, jaundice, and congestion, as well as postmortem changes, such as postmortem lividity and early decomposition changes. These artifacts were differentiated by seeing the body before the washing of the color, history of the application of the color, and by various additional features, such as unusual appearance, distribution, and sites. They were not supported by any other findings on the body to consider them as genuine antemortem or postmortem findings.
Penetration Depths of Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes Into Human Skull Phantoms
Authors: Bolliger Stephan Andreas , Gort Silvan , Kaelin Beat , Barrera Vera , Thali Michael Josef , Martinez Rosa Maria 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Occasional case reports have described isolated cases of conducted electrical weapon (CEW) probes piercing the human skull. In an experimental setting, we examined whether these cases were just unfortunate incidents, how deeply such probes can pierce the skull, and whether firing distance and CEW probe type play a role in the skull-piercing capability.
We fired 5 different CEW cartridges (XP 10.6 m, XP 7.6 m, smart 10.6 m, smart 7.6 m, and smart probe 7.6 m) from 4 different distances (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m) at head phantoms made of either 5- or 7-mm-thick polyurethane spheres covered with a thin layer of gelatine and buckskin. The piercing depths were recorded by computed tomographic scanning.
All tested cartridges managed to pierce the head phantoms. Piercing depths of up to 6.6 mm in the 5-mm heads and depths of almost 5 mm in the 7-mm heads were recorded. Deepest piercing depths were attained with firing distances of 2 m or less.
Our results showed that all tested CEW probes are capable of piercing the skull and that shorter firing distances tend to lead to deeper piercing depths.
A Comparison of 3 Established Skeletal Age Estimation Methods in an African Group From Benin and an Italian Group From Southern Italy
Authors: Santoro Valeria , Marini Chiara , Fuzio Grazia , Introna Francesco , De Donno Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Age estimation is a crucial matter in several forensic and legal instances. The literature recommends carrying out hand and wrist radiograph to assess skeletal age. Much research has been conducted to examine the application of various methods in different categories. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of Greulich and Pyle, Tanner-Whitehouse 2, and FELS methods in Beninese and Italian samples, with a total of 204 subjects, 102 (51 were male and 51 were female) from Benin and 102 (51 were male and 51 were female) from Italy, aged between 4 and 19 years. Hand-wrist radiographs were carried out at Saint Luc Hospital in Cotonou for the African sample and in 2 hospitals in Southern Italy for Italian sample. Skeletal maturity was obtained, applying the 3 methodologies. The arithmetic mean of the 3 ages obtained was calculated, as well as the possible difference between the known chronological age and the estimated mean skeletal age. Data were analyzed statistically using the χ2 test, Student t test, and Bland-Altman plots. There are no significant statistical differences between real age and skeletal age calculated using the Greulich and Pyle and FELS methods. Comparison between Tanner-Whitehouse 2 and the average of the methods used results in statistically significant, but clinically insignificant, differences.
CSF-oma Identification With Nuclear Medicine Shunt-o-Gram
Authors: Schmieder Stephanie , Schraml Frank 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A nuclear medicine shunt-o-gram is used to evaluate ventriculoperitoneal shunt patency and dispersion of radiotracer into the peritoneal cavity. A 73-year-old man presented with worsening memory, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. Shunt-o-gram revealed antegrade flow through the tubing and spillage into the peritoneal cavity without dispersion. CT confirmed a CSF-oma. Symptoms resolved after CSF-oma resection. Normal passage of radiotracer through the shunt without normal dispersion into the peritoneal cavity along with CT imaging correctly identified a CSF-oma. This is an unexpected complication of a shunt. Correct diagnosis on imaging likely saved this patient from unnecessary complete shunt revision.
Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of Lung on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wu Jiyong , Jiang Lei , Zhang Fengxian , Huang Yan , Wang Huoqiang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chest CT images were acquired in a 67-year-old man to evaluate a left lung mass revealed by chest radiography. The image findings suggested possible pulmonary malignancy. FDG PET/CT was performed for staging, which showed the abnormally increased activity in the lung mass with hypermetabolic lymph node. Pathology from the biopsy confirmed malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor.