bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined influence of nano‐CaCO3 and polyvinyl alcohol fibers on fresh and mechanical performance of concrete incorporating fly ash
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zheng Yuanxun , Wang Kejin , Zhang Kaixuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this investigation, the combined influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and nano‐CaCO3 particles on fresh and mechanical performance of concrete containing fly ash was assessed. In the concrete, Portland cement was replaced with 1, 2, 3, and 4% (by weight) of nano‐CaCO3. PVA fibers were added to the concrete at a dosage of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.2% (by volume). The flowability of the fresh concrete was assessed using slump and slump flow measurements. The mechanical properties of the concrete evaluated included compressive and flexural strength as well as elastic modulus under both compression and flexure conditions. Our results showed that the workability of the concrete decreased with increases in nano‐CaCO3 and PVA fiber content. When the dosage of nano‐CaCO3 was no more than 3%, the flexural and compressive elastic modulus, flexural, and compressive strength of the concrete increased with nano‐CaCO3 content. However, these mechanical property values decreased when the dosage of nano‐CaCO3 increased from 3 to 4%. When the fiber content was less than 0.15%, the compressive and flexural strength and elastic modulus of the concrete increased with fiber content. However, these values began to decrease as the PVA fiber dosage increased from 0.15 to 0.2%.
ESCRT-III-associated proteins and spastin inhibit protrudin-dependent polarised membrane traffic
Authors: Connell James W. , Allison Rachel J. , Rodger Catherine E. , Pearson Guy , Zlamalova Eliska , Reid Evan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule severing ATPase spastin are the most frequent cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia, a genetic condition characterised by length-dependent axonal degeneration. Here, we show that HeLa cells lacking spastin and embryonic fibroblasts from a spastin knock-in mouse model become highly polarised and develop cellular protrusions. In HeLa cells, this phenotype was rescued by wild-type spastin, but not by forms unable to sever microtubules or interact with endosomal ESCRT-III proteins. Cells lacking the spastin-interacting ESCRT-III-associated proteins IST1 or CHMP1B also developed protrusions. The protrusion phenotype required protrudin, a RAB-interacting protein that interacts with spastin and localises to ER–endosome contact sites, where it promotes KIF5-dependent endosomal motility to protrusions. Consistent with this, the protrusion phenotype in cells lacking spastin also required KIF5. Lack or mutation of spastin resulted in functional consequences for receptor traffic of a pathway implicated in HSP, as Bone Morphogenetic Protein receptor distribution became polarised. Our results, therefore, identify a novel role for ESCRT-III proteins and spastin in regulating polarised membrane traffic.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access and Utilization of Adrenal Metastasectomy
Authors: Pearlstein Sarah S. , Salerno Marco , Chabot John A. , Lee James A. , Kuo Jennifer H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is substantial evidence that resecting adrenal metastases can be safely accomplished and extend overall survival in select patients. However, patient access to this operation has not been studied at the population level. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in utilization rates of adrenal metastasectomy (ADMX) across patient populations.MethodsThe Healthcare Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who had adrenal metastases (ADM) and who underwent ADMX from 2007 to 2011. Patients were identified by ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis and procedure codes. Predictor variables included sex, race, median household income, and primary insurance payer. Primary outcomes included receiving an ADMX and same hospitalization mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, infection, cardiac, pulmonary, and renal complications. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify statistical associations.Results32,331 ADM and 1070 ADMX patients identified in the database. Despite similar comorbidities, Black patients had 0.30 (95% CI 0.21–0.41) lower odds to receive an ADMX compared to White patients. Medicaid patients had 0.38 (0.28–0.52) less odds and Private Insurance patients 1.18 (1.00–1.39) more odds to receive an ADMX compared to Medicare patients. Women had a 1.39 (1.22–1.58) higher odds ratio of undergoing ADMX compared to men. Of the ADMX cohort, there was no difference in same hospitalization mortality or surgical complications.ConclusionsBlack and Medicaid patients underwent fewer adrenal metastasectomies despite similar comorbidities and postoperative outcomes. This suggests a potential disparity in access to this treatment that disproportionately affects Black and low‐income patients, and prompts further study, outreach attempts, as well as, research into improving access.
Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments
Authors: Lau William K. M. , Kim Kyu-Myong , Chern Jiun-Dar , Tao W. K. , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the impact of radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interaction (RC3I) on structural changes and variability of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) using the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework, where cloud processes are super-parameterized, i.e., explicitly resolved with 2-D cloud resolving models embedded in each coarse grid of the host Goddard Earth Observing System-Version 5 global climate model. Experiments have been conducted under prescribed sea surface temperature conditions for 10 years (2007–2016), with and without cloud radiation feedback in the atmosphere, respectively. Diagnostic analyses separately for January and July show that RC3I leads to an enhanced and expanded Hadley Circulation characterized by (1) a quasi-uniform warming and moistening of the tropical atmosphere and a sharpening of the ITCZ with enhanced deep convection, more intense precipitation and higher clouds, (2) extended drying of the tropical marginal convective zones, and extratropical mid- to lower troposphere, and (3) a cooling of the polar regions, with increased baroclinicity and midlatitude storm track activities. Computations based on the zonal mean thermodynamic energy balance equation show that the radiative warming and cooling are strongly balanced by local adiabatic processes associated with changes in large-scale vertical motions, as well as horizontal atmospheric heat transport. In the tropics, enhanced short-wave absorption and longwave water vapor greenhouse effects by high clouds play key roles in providing strong positive feedback to the tropospheric warming. In the extratropics, increased atmospheric heat transport associated with changes in the Hadley circulation is balanced by strong longwave cooling above, and warming below due to increased high clouds. We also find a strong positive correlation between daily and pentad heavy rain in the ITCZ core, and expansion of the drier zones coupled to a contraction of the highly convective zones in the ITCZ, indicating a strong tendency RC3I-induced convective aggregation in tropical clouds i.e., wet-regions-get-wetter and contracted, and dry-areas-get-drier and expanded.
The degree of inhomogeneity of the absorbed cell nucleus doses in the bronchial region of the human respiratory tract
Authors: Füri Péter , Farkas Árpád , Madas Balázs G. , Hofmann Werner , Winkler-Heil Renate , Kudela Gábor , Balásházy Imre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Inhalation of short-lived radon progeny is an important cause of lung cancer. To characterize the absorbed doses in the bronchial region of the airways due to inhaled radon progeny, mostly regional lung deposition models, like the Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, are used. However, in this model the site specificity of radiation burden in the airways due to deposition and fast airway clearance of radon progeny is not described. Therefore, in the present study, the Radact version of the stochastic lung model was used to quantify the cellular radiation dose distribution at airway generation level and to simulate the kinetics of the deposited radon progeny resulting from the moving mucus layer. All simulations were performed assuming an isotope ratio typical for an average dwelling, and breathing mode characteristic of a healthy adult sitting man. The study demonstrates that the cell nuclei receiving high doses are non-uniformly distributed within the bronchial airway generations. The results revealed that the maximum of the radiation burden is at the first few bronchial airway generations of the respiratory tract, where most of the lung carcinomas of former uranium miners were found. Based on the results of the present simulations, it can be stated that regional lung models may not be fully adequate to describe the radiation burden due to radon progeny. A more realistic and precise calculation of the absorbed doses from the decay of radon progeny to the lung requires deposition and clearance to be simulated by realistic models of airway generations.
Clinical features distinguish cerebral amyloid angiopathy-associated convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage from suspected TIA
Authors: Stanton Joel Elliot Dane , Chandratheva Arvind , Wilson Duncan , Hostettler Isabel Charlotte , Islam Saiful , Werring David John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identity clinical features that distinguish between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-associated convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH) and suspected TIA.

Methods
We undertook a single-centre, retrospective case–control study. We identified cases [patients with cSAH presenting with transient focal neurological episodes (TFNE)] from radiological and clinical databases of patients assessed at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCLH Comprehensive Stroke Service. We identified age- and gender-matched controls at a 1:4 ratio from a database of consecutive suspected TIA clinic attendances at UCLH. We compared presenting symptoms and vascular risk factors between cases and controls.

Results
We included 19 patients with cSAH-associated TFNE and 76 matched controls with suspected TIA. Migratory (spreading) symptoms (32% vs. 3%, OR 17.3; p = 0.001), sensory disturbance (47% vs. 14%, OR 5.3; p = 0.003,) and recurrent stereotyped events (47% vs. 19%, OR 3.7; p = 0.02,) occurred more frequently in patients with cSAH compared to controls. Hypercholesterolaemia was less common in patients with cSAH (16% vs 53%, OR 0.17; p = 0.008).

Conclusion
Simple clinical features could help distinguish cSAH-associated TFNE from suspected TIA, with relevance for investigation and management, including the use of antithrombotic drugs.
Elevating local knowledge through participatory modeling: active community engagement in restoration planning in coastal Louisiana
Authors: Hemmerling Scott A. , Barra Monica , Bienn Harris C. , Baustian Melissa M. , Jung Hoonshin , Meselhe Ehab , Wang Yushi , White Eric 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Numerical modeling efforts in support of restoration and protection activities in coastal Louisiana have traditionally been conducted externally to any stakeholder engagement processes. This separation has resulted in planning- and project-level models built solely on technical observation and analysis of natural processes. Despite its scientific rigor, this process often fails to account for the knowledge, values, and experiences of local stakeholders that often contextualizes a modeled system. To bridge this gap, a team of natural and social scientists worked directly with local residents and resource users to develop a participatory modeling approach to collect and utilize local knowledge about the Breton Sound Estuary in southeast Louisiana, USA. Knowledge capture was facilitated through application of a local knowledge mapping methodology designed to catalog local understanding of current and historical conditions within the estuary and identify desired ecological and hydrologic end states. The results of the mapping endeavor informed modeling activities designed to assess the applicability of the identified restoration solutions. This effort was aimed at increasing stakeholder buy-in surrounding the utility of numerical models for planning and designing coastal protection and restoration projects and included an ancillary outcome aimed at elevating stakeholder empowerment regarding the design of nature-based restoration solutions and modeling scenarios. This intersection of traditional science and modeling activities with the collection and analysis of traditional ecological knowledge proved useful in elevating the confidence that community members had in modeled restoration outcomes.
“Plis de passage” Deserve a Role in Models of the Cortical Folding Process
Authors: Mangin Jean-François , Le Guen Yann , Labra Nicole , Grigis Antoine , Frouin Vincent , Guevara Miguel , Fischer Clara , Rivière Denis , Hopkins William D. , Régis Jean , Sun Zhong Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCortical folding is a hallmark of brain topography whose variability across individuals remains a puzzle. In this paper, we call for an effort to improve our understanding of the pli de passage phenomenon, namely annectant gyri buried in the depth of the main sulci. We suggest that plis de passage could become an interesting benchmark for models of the cortical folding process. As an illustration, we speculate on the link between modern biological models of cortical folding and the development of the Pli de Passage Frontal Moyen (PPFM) in the middle of the central sulcus. For this purpose, we have detected nine interrupted central sulci in the Human Connectome Project dataset, which are used to explore the organization of the hand sensorimotor areas in this rare configuration of the PPFM.
Big in Japan: Regularizing Networks for Solving Inverse Problems
Authors: Schwab Johannes , Antholzer Stephan , Haltmeier Markus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deep learning and (deep) neural networks are emerging tools to address inverse problems and image reconstruction tasks. Despite outstanding performance, the mathematical analysis for solving inverse problems by neural networks is mostly missing. In this paper, we introduce and rigorously analyze families of deep regularizing neural networks (RegNets) of the form $$\mathbf {B}_\alpha + \mathbf {N}_{\theta (\alpha )} \mathbf {B}_\alpha $$Bα+Nθ(α)Bα, where $$\mathbf {B}_\alpha $$Bα is a classical regularization and the network $$\mathbf {N}_{\theta (\alpha )} \mathbf {B}_\alpha $$Nθ(α)Bα is trained to recover the missing part $${\text {Id}}_X - \mathbf {B}_\alpha $$IdX-Bα not found by the classical regularization. We show that these regularizing networks yield a convergent regularization method for solving inverse problems. Additionally, we derive convergence rates (quantitative error estimates) assuming a sufficient decay of the associated distance function. We demonstrate that our results recover existing convergence and convergence rates results for filter-based regularization methods as well as the recently introduced null space network as special cases. Numerical results are presented for a tomographic sparse data problem, which clearly demonstrate that the proposed RegNets improve classical regularization as well as the null space network.
Twofold quantization in digital control: deadzone crisis and switching line collision
Authors: Gyebrószki Gergely , Csernák Gábor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantization, sampling and delay may cause undesired oscillations in digitally controlled systems. These vibrations are often neglected or replaced by random noise (Widrow and Kollár in Quantization noise: roundoff error in digital computation, signal processing, control, and communications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008); however, we have shown that digital effects may lead to small amplitude deterministic chaotic solutions—the so-called micro-chaos (Csernák and Stépán in Int J Bifurc Chaos 5(20):1365–1378, 2010). Although the amplitude of the micro-chaotic oscillations is small, multiple chaotic attractors can appear in the state space of the digitally controlled system—situated far away from the desired state—causing significant control error (Csernák and Stépán in Proceedings of the 19th mediterranean conference on control and automation, 2011). In this paper, we are interested in the analysis of a digitally controlled inverted pendulum with both input and output quantizers along with sampling. We show that this twofold quantization creates patterns in the state space corresponding to different control effort (force or torque) values for a simple PD control. We also highlight how these patterns lead to chaotic attractors or periodic cycles with superimposed chaotic oscillations.
An LCMS-based untargeted metabolomics protocol for cochlear perilymph: highlighting metabolic effects of hydrogen gas on the inner ear of noise exposed Guinea pigs
Authors: Pirttilä Kristian , Videhult Pierre Pernilla , Haglöf Jakob , Engskog Mikael , Hedeland Mikael , Laurell Göran , Arvidsson Torbjörn , Pettersson Curt 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an increasing problem in society and accounts for a third of all cases of acquired hearing loss. NIHL is caused by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea causing oxidative stress. Hydrogen gas (H2) can alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress and can be easily administered through inhalation.

Objectives
To present a protocol for untargeted metabolomics of guinea pig perilymph and investigate the effect of H2 administration on the perilymph metabolome of noise exposed guinea pigs.

Methods
The left ear of guinea pigs were exposed to hazardous impulse noise only (Noise, n = 10), noise and H2 (Noise + H2, n = 10), only H2 (H2, n = 4), or untreated (Control, n = 2). Scala tympani perilymph was sampled from the cochlea of both ears. The polar component of the perilymph metabolome was analyzed using a HILIC-UHPLC-Q-TOF–MS-based untargeted metabolomics protocol. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was performed separately for the exposed- and unexposed ear.

Results
MVDA allowed separation of groups Noise and Noise + H2 in both the exposed and unexposed ear and yielded 15 metabolites with differentiating relative abundances. Seven were found in both exposed and unexposed ear data and included two osmoprotectants. Eight metabolites were unique to the unexposed ear and included a number of short-chain acylcarnitines.

Conclusions
A HILIC-UHPLC-Q-TOF–MS-based protocol for untargeted metabolomics of perilymph is presented and shown to be fit-for-purpose. We found a clear difference in the perilymph metabolome of noise exposed guinea pigs with and without H2 treatment.
Effect of dilute acid treatment on adhesion properties of Longmaxi black shale
Authors: Zhang Pan-Pan , Tian Shou-Ceng , Sheng Mao , Wang Tian-Yu , Khan Waleed Ali , Xu Quan , Xiao Li-Zhi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Properties of shale in an acid environment are important when acid or CO2 is injected into geologic formations as a working fluid for enhanced oil and gas recovery, hydraulic fracturing and reduced fracture initiation pressure. It has previously been shown that acid fluids can enhance the formation conductivity and decrease the hardness of shale. However, less is known about the effect of dilute acid on the adhesion properties of shale. In the study, shale samples are characterized in detail with advanced analysis. Adhesion properties of shale via dilute acid treatment were revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. Results indicate that acid treatment can greatly enhance adhesion forces of the shale surface. After acid treatment, the average adhesion forces show a platform-like growth with an increase in loading force. Through analysis of results from AFM, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we affirm that the enhanced adhesion forces are mainly from increased specific surface area and reduced elastic modulus. The results presented in this work help understand the adhesion properties of shale oil/gas present in an acidic environment, which have great significance in unconventional resources development.
A simple NMR methodology for evaluating filter cake properties and drilling fluid-induced formation damage
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf R. , Bageri Badr S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn efficient drilling fluid will form a filter cake that will minimize the drilling fluid invasion into any drilled formation. Drilling fluid must therefore be adequately evaluated in the laboratory prior to field trial. Filter cake properties such as thickness, porosity, permeability, and pore structure are frequently evaluated using several techniques such as CT scan, SEM, and XRF. However, each of these techniques can evaluate only one or two filter cake properties. This paper presents a simple but novel NMR technique to evaluate filter cake properties such as thickness, pore volume, porosity, and possibly permeability. Furthermore, the amount and particle size distribution of solids that invaded a given rock sample can be obtained using the same technique. The full procedure was tested and verified using four identical rock samples. Drilling fluid invasion and filter cake deposition experiments were conducted on each of the samples, using the same drilling fluid but four different concentrations of fluid loss additive. NMR T2 relaxation measurements were taken at three different stages of each rock sample: before filter cake deposition; after fluid invasion and filter cake deposition; and after filter cake removal. A material balance analysis of the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the measured T2 profile at the different stages of each sample yielded multiple filtration loss properties of the filter cake. The results obtained showed high accuracy of the NMR versus the current techniques. Moreover, this current method evaluated the majority of the filter cake properties at the same time and in situ hence eliminated the need of using multi-procedures that disturb the sample state. Finally, the presented method can also be used to evaluate secondary damage associated with filter cake removal process.
Anionic polyacrylamide as a substance strengthening the Pb(II) immobilization on the kaolinite surface
Authors: Fijałkowska G. , Szewczuk-Karpisz K. , Wiśniewska M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to examine lead(II) ion immobilization on the kaolinite surface and determine the effect of soil flocculant (macromolecular compound) on this process. For this reason, the adsorption measurements of anionic polyacrylamide and/or Pb(II) ions on the kaolinite surface were performed. Moreover, the impact of heavy metal on electrokinetic and stability properties of kaolinite/polyacrylamide/supporting electrolyte system was determined. It was done based on the results of potentiometric titration, electrophoretic mobility, and absorbance measurements. The most important conclusions of the study were as follows: (1) kaolinite is an effective Pb(II) adsorbent when ion concentration in the environment equals 1 or 10 ppm (it adsorbs 80% and 72% of the ions, respectively), (2) when Pb(II) concentration in the environment is 100 ppm, kaolinite adsorbs only 29% of the ions, and (3) anionic polyacrylamide may strengthen the Pb(II) adsorption on the kaolinite surface (in the presence of 100 ppm AN PAM 30% and 1 ppm Pb(II), even 96% of the ions are adsorbed). Due to the above process, the bioavailability of heavy metal for organisms is considerably limited.

Graphic Abstract