bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo study on the gold and gadolinium nanoparticles radio-sensitizer effect in the prostate 125I seeds radiotherapy
Authors: Ghasemi-Jangjoo Amir , Ghiasi Hosein 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Monte Carlo and TL dosimetry applied to the characterization of 125I brachytherapy with a different design with other 125I seeds. In a water phantom, lattice configuration simulated with 125I seed in the center and 10 nm gold and gadolinium nan-particle filed voxels. This simulation conducted to the characterization of the nano-particles DEF in low energy and prostate tissue. To study of the prostate brachytherapy, a humanoid computational phantom developed by CT slices applied. KTMAN-2 computational phantom contains 29 organs and 19 skeletal regions and was produced from cross-sectional x-ray computed tomography (CT slices) images. The simulated seed was 125I seed having an average energy of 28.4 keV for photons, a half-life of 59.4 days. DEF factor in the seed radiation energy (28.4 keV) DEF factor was found to be two times higher for the gold nano-particles. It was revealed than gold-nano-particles posing Z about 1.24 times higher than gadolinium led to around 200% DEF increasing in the same conditions and the nano-particles size. It was concluded that in low energy sources brachytherapy, photoelectric is dominant in the presence of relative high element nanoparticles. This leads to a high dose increasing in some micro-meters and causes a dramatic dose gradient in the vicinity of a nano-particle. This dose gradient effectively kills the tumor cells in continuous low energy irradiation in the presence of a high Z material nano-scaled particle. Application of gold nano-particles in low energy brachytherapy is recommended.
Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables
Authors: Martinka Jozef , Rantuch Peter , Hladová Martina , Sulová Janka , Nečas Aleš , Benko Denis , Balog Karol 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This scientific study deals with investigation of the heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion of selected electrical cables. Two different electrical cables for rated voltage of 0.6/1 kV were investigated. Both cables were power three-core with cross-section area of each core of 1.5 mm2. The cores of both cables were made of a bar cooper wire. Insulations of conductors of both cables were made of silane cross-linked polyethylene without any inorganic filler, while the bedding and outer sheath were made of polyethylene-based copolymer (the beddings were filled with two fillers - aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, while the outer sheath were filled only with aluminium hydroxide). Reaction to fire class of both cables was B2ca, s1, d0, a1. The main difference in the investigated cables was that the core of one of them was wrapped in a glass mica tape (this cable showed circuit integrity maintenance under fire conditions during 180 minutes). The heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion were determined by the oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the ISO 1716:2018 standard. The highest effective heat of combustion showed the insulation of wires (for both cables 42.47 ± 0.03 MJ/kg), lower value showed outer sheath (interval form13.61 to 15.26 MJ/kg) and the lowest value was determined for bedding (interval from 4.69 to 6.39 MJ/kg). The effective heath of combustion per unit of length of both investigated cables lies in the interval from 1.37 to 1.38 MJ/m. Therefore, there is no significant difference in effective heats of combustion of the electrical cables investigated.
Safety Concern of Nanomaterials
Authors: Bartošová Alica , Nikolaevna Ivanova Tatyana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nanomaterials are sure to take an important part in shaping the 21st century. Nevertheless, their increasing application in many fields of the industry also turns attention to the impact on health and environment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to fully understand the influence of nanoparticles on the environment and the relevant safety issues.
The aim of the present review is to characterise the current state of regulation and legislation of nanomaterials, as well as the factors of safety assessment and their toxicity.
Institutional Efficiency, Entrepreneurship, and the Premises of Economic Development in the Eastern European Countries
Authors: Ignatov Augustin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The development gap between the “Old” and “New” member countries of the European Union is an important problem challenging the efficiency and strength of the European single market. In this regard, a subsequent question arises: which actions in the policy making must be undertaken, by both national and supranational authorities, to stimulate cohesion in the EU and which directions should be followed? The present paper tries to answer this question considering the perspective of the Eastern European nations and their economic development premises analysing the aspects of governmental participation in the economy and the influence of entrepreneurship upon long run competitiveness. The research results explicitly underline that entrepreneurship in the Eastern European nations is a determinative driver of long-term economic competitiveness due to its favourable impact upon the formation of human capital, enhancement of innovation potential and overall intellectual resources of nations. The effects of governmental participation in the economy upon the economic growth premises are heterogeneous including on the formation of physical and intellectual capital. Consequently, it was reached the conclusion that the Eastern European Nations should prioritise entrepreneurship since it is capable of boosting human capital creation and, at the same time, they should improve the institutional quality to minimise the factors undermining the business including corruption and red-tape, etc. In such a way, the Eastern European countries can overcome, in the long run, the development gap with the Western EU states and raise their economic potential.
Identifying Key Fraud Indicators in the Automobile Insurance Industry Using SQL Server Analysis Services
Authors: Benedek Botond , László Ede 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Customer segmentation represents a true challenge in the automobile insurance industry, as datasets are large, multidimensional, unbalanced and it also requires a unique price determination based on the risk profile of the customer. Furthermore, the price determination of an insurance policy or the validity of the compensation claim, in most cases must be an instant decision. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify an easily usable data mining tool that is capable to identify key automobile insurance fraud indicators, facilitating the segmentation. In addition, the methods used by the tool, should be based primarily on numerical and categorical variables, as there is no well-functioning text mining tool for Central Eastern European languages. Hence, we decided on the SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) tool and to compare the performance of the decision tree, neural network and Naïve Bayes methods. The results suggest that decision tree and neural network are more suitable than Naïve Bayes, however the best conclusion can be drawn if we use the decision tree and neural network together.
Industrial Sector Growth, Macroeconomic Performance, and Corruption in the Sub Sahara Africa
Authors: Atanda Oyerinde Adewale 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study investigates the impacts of macroeconomic performance and corruption on the industrial growth of the SSA. The industrial sector is seen as the engine of the economic development of any country and hence policies that will promote the growth of the sector cannot be over emphasized. The study investigated effects of macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, economic growth, inflation rate and unemployment rate as measures of economic performance in the SSA on the industrial sector growth. Also quality of institutions effects on industrial sector is investigated using control of corruption as proxy. The preliminary diagnostic results show that Panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags P-ARDL is appropriate for the estimation and the results show that both macroeconomic performance and corruption have significant impacts of the industrial sector growth in SSA. However, an exchange rate that will encourage domestic production, minimum inflation, and unemployment rates, will guarantee sustainable growth in the industrial sector, while tightening grip on control of corruption.
The Consequences of Shadow Economy and Corruption on Tax Revenue Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Shadow economy and corruption are the two harmful activities that do not work in the favour of tax revenue performance. As a result it renders an effective government incapacitated and unable to carry out its social responsibilities. This study considers the effect of the informal economy and graft on tax revenue performance in Nigeria using secondary data that cover a period from 1996 to 2018. This period has been covered by the corruption perception index captured by the Transparency International for Nigeria. Despite the theoretical approaches available in measuring the size of the shadow economy, the ordinary least squares technique is specifically used to perform the multi-regression analysis to arrive at the empirical results which indicate that both the shadow economy and corruption have negative influences on tax revenue performance in Nigeria, although the negative impact of corruption on tax revenue is more robust and significant. Thus, the study suggests among others that the government should step up action against corruption and also address the root causes of shadow economy in order to make the participants of the informal sector willing to formalize their businesses and voluntarily comply with tax payment obligations.
Cryptanalysis of the Columnar Transposition Using Meta-Heuristics
Authors: Antal Eugen , Javorka Peter , Hliboký Tomáš 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The most commonly used methods for solving classical (historical) ciphers are based on global optimization (meta-heuristic methods). Despite the fact that global optimization is a well-studied problem, in the case of classical ciphers, there are still many open questions such as the construction of fitness functions or efficient transformation of the cryptanalysis (breaking attempt) to an optimization problem. Therefore the transformation of a cryptanalytical task to an optimization problem and the choice of a suitable fitness function form an important part of the topic. In this paper, we focus on the simple columnar transposition in depth. Our main contribution is a detailed analysis and comparison of different fitness functions, fitness landscape analysis and solving experiments.
Cryptanalysis of Enhanced More
Authors: Vizár Damian , Vaudenay Serge 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has been among the most popular research topics of the last decade. While the bootstrapping-based, public key cryptosystems that follow Gentry’s original design are getting more and more efficient, their performance is still far from being practical. This leads to several attempts to construct symmetric FHE schemes that would not be as inefficient as their public key counterparts. Unfortunately, most such schemes were also based on (randomized) linear transformations, and shown to be completely insecure. One such broken scheme was the Matrix Operation for Randomization and Encryption (MORE). In a recent paper, Hariss, Noura and Samhat propose Enhanced MORE, which is supposed to improve over MORE’s weaknesses. We analyze Enhanced MORE, discuss why it does not improve over MORE, and show that it is even less secure by presenting a highly efficient ciphertext-only decryption attack. We implement the attack and confirm its correctness.
Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steienernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) from Agricultural Ecosystems in Forest (Polissya) and Forest-Steppe Natural Zones of Ukraine
Authors: Sigareva D. D. , Kovtun А. М. , Kornyushin V. V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the Steienernematidae and Heterorhabditidae in soils of different crop types of agricultural lands (household plots, commercial fields) in the forest (Polissya) and forest-steppe (Lisostep) zones of Ukraine was carried out in spring, summer and autumn months from 2016 to 2018. In total, 205 soil samples and 92 live-traps were processed. In addition, 98 samples of soil-living larvae and adults of insect crop pests, including cockchafer beetles, click beetle larvae, darkling beetle larvae, caterpillars of the scoops were collected. It is shown that the EPNs distribution and frequency of occurrence depends on the natural geographical features (regional characteristics) and habitat types. EPNs were found in 46 (15.4 %) out 297 samples. The incidence (% of samples) of the entomopathogenic nematodes, and their diversity varied depending on the location-based sampling, the type of agrocenosis, and the predominant agricultural plant species or typical species-edificators. The proportion of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp., Heterorhabditis spp.) recovery from regions of Lisostep zone was 16.9 %, and 13.6 % from regions of Polissya zone. The highest number among all positive samples was recorded from the apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh., 1803 (10 samples). The least number of positive samples (one sample) was obtained from sweet cherry trees, Prúnus cérasus L., 1753, junipers, Juniperus communis L., 1753, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., 1753, common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., 1753, and common pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., 1753. The steinernematid nematodes were noticeably dominant over heterorhabditid nematodes: 60.8 % vs 39.2 % respectively. Steinernema spp. is widespread in different regions and plots, whereas Heterorhabditis spp. are common in fruit orchards and coniferous decorative perennial plantings.
Intraspecific Morphological Variation in Free-Living Stages of Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Strongyloididae) Parasitizing Various Mammal Species
Authors: Boyko O. O. , Gugosyan Y. A. , Shendryk L. I. , Brygadyrenko V. V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Strongyloides papillosus Wedl, 1856 is one of the most widespread nematodes parasitic in domestic animals. This species has been recorded on almost all continents of the planet. It parasitizes the small intestine of rabbits, sheep and cattle. At laboratory conditions, this species can also infect guinea pigs. Morphological variability of S. papillosus in relation to host species has not yet been studied. Our research showed that L1 and L2 of S. papillosus reached their maximum size in all parameters in guinea pigs: for L1 — length and width of the body, length of esophagus and intestine; for L2 — width of body and length of intestine. L3 of S. papillosus had statistically reliable differences in almost all parameters (except the length of intestine) when parasitizing goats and rabbits. For L3 the width of the body and the length of the tail end, we determined differences between S. papillosus infecting rabbits and guinea pigs, and also goats and guinea pigs. Male S. papillosus were observed to have statistically reliable differences in all morphological parameters for goats and rabbits, and also for rabbits and guinea pigs. Practically all measurements (except the length of the tail) were larger for S. papillosus in guinea pigs and goats than those in rabbits. Free-living females statistically differed by larger size in goats and rabbits. The smallest dimensions were determined for all free-living stages of S. papillosus in goats (except males). The largest size in most cases was determined for larval stages of S. papillosus in guinea pigs.
AKSARA BATAK DALAM KEBHINNEKAAN NUSANTARA
Authors: Nasoichah Churmatin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn general, Indonesian people and their cultural complex can be seen as a plural andheterogeneous (diverse) relation at the same time. The Indonesianness (Keindonesiaan) isbegin with diversity in the archipelago. The rapid flow of arrival of other cultures triggered theprocess of acculturation and cultural uniformity. Batak, as one of the ethnic groups, is capableto respond creatively to Hindu-Buddhist influences that coming from outside of the archipelagousing the independence of its local culture which is reflected in the form of Batak alphabet. Theformal form of this script is different from other local scripts, but it has a standardized patternof writing through the use of ina ni surat and anak ni surat which derived from the Pallawa. Themain issue that raised is regarding the form of the diversity contained in Batak alphabet. Theaim is to describe the diversity through the alphabet, as well as to increase the repertoire ofdiversity through diverse scripts. The method used in this study is inductive reasoning throughcomparative studies. As a result, Batak scripts and several other local scripts indicate thediversity of script development that happens due to periods and the conditions in their respectivecommunities. The existence of local scripts also indicate a value of cultural diversity in theIndonesian archipelago.Â AbstrakSecara umum masyarakat Indonesia beserta kompleks kebudayaannya dapat dilihat sebagaisuatu relasi yang bersifat plural (jamak) sekaligus heterogen (aneka ragam). Ke-Indonesia-anberawal dari keberagaman atau kebhinnekaan di Nusantara. Kedatangan arus deras budaya dariluar memicu adanya proses akulturasi budaya dan penyeragaman budaya Nusantara. Bataksebagai suatu etnis yang terdapat di Nusantara, melalui kemandirian budaya lokalnya mampumenanggapi secara kreatif pengaruh Hindu-Buddha yang datang dari luar yang tercermin dalamsalah satunya berupa aksara Batak. Bentuk formal aksara ini berbeda dengan aksara lokal lain,tetapi memiliki pakem/ standar baku dalam hal penulisannya melalui penggunaan ina ni suratdan anak ni surat yang berinduk pada aksara pallawa. Adapun permasalahan utama yangdiajukan berkaitan dengan wujud kebhinnekaan yang terdapat pada aksara Batak. Tujuannyaadalah menggambarkan kebhinnekaan melalui aksara, serta menambah khasanah kebhinnekaanmelalui keragaman aksara. Metode yang digunakan berupa penalaran induktif melalui studikomparatif. Hasilnya, aksara Batak dan beberapa aksara lokal lainnya menunjukkan adanyakebhinnekaan dari perkembangan aksara yang terjadi karena faktor waktu dan kondisi dilingkungannya masing-masing. Adanya beberapa jenis aksara lokal ini juga menunjukkanadanya suatu khazanah keragamanan budaya yang ada di Nusantara.
EKSPLORASI STRUKTURALISME SEMIOTIK TEKS MANGUPA PADA UPACARA ADAT PERNIKAHAN ANGKOLAMANDAILING
Authors: Syahfitri Dian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMangupa is the final stage of Angkola-Mandailing cultural wedding ceremony. The texts ofMangupa are chosen to be explored in this research because the texts are tied with the cultureand contain a lot of cultural expressions. In addition, Mangupa is not only delivered in theform of prose, but also rhythmic poetry. This research is intended to study the poetry within theprocess of Mangupa through semiotics structuralism analysis. Semiotics is the study of sign. Thepurpose of this semiotics structuralism research is to examine literature work as system of sign.Moreover, the sign implies the aesthetic communication devices. The research was conductedby heuristic and hermeneutic reading analysis techniques. Heuristic technique is a reading whichbases on linguistic structuralism or semiotically means bases on convention system of the firstlevel of semiotics. Meanwhile, hermeneutic is a reiterated reading or one that bases on the secondlevel of semiotics. The findings shows that icon consists of 19 words and expressions, index has8 words and expressions, while symbol has 7 expressions and sentences referred to the texts ofMangupa.Â AbstrakMangupa merupakan upacara terakhir dalam pernikahan Angkola Mandailing. Teks mangupadipilih sebagai teks yang dikupas dalam kajian ini karena teks ini terikat dengan budaya danmemiliki banyak ungkapan budaya. Selain itu, Mangupa bukan hanya disampaikan dalamteks prosa, tetapi juga teks puisi yang berirama. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji pantun dalamprosesi mangupa melalui analisis strukturalisme semiotik. Semiotik adalah kajian tanda. Kajianstruktural semiotik bertujuan akan mengungkap karya sastra sebagai sistem tanda. Tanda tersebutmerupakan sarana komunikasi yang bersifat estetis. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisispembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Pembacaan heuristik adalah pembacaan berdasarkanstruktur kebahasaan atau secara semiotik adalah berdasarkan konvensi sistem semiotik tingkatpertama dan pembacaan hermeneutik adalah pembacaan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang(retroaktif) atau berdasarkan sistem semiotik tingkat kedua. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa ikon terdapat sembilan belas kata dan ungkapan, indeks sebanyak delapan kata danungkapan, sedangkan simbol terdapat sebanyak tujuh ungkapan dan kalimat yang mengacu padateks ini.Kata kunci: strukturalisme semiotik, teks Mangupa, upacara adat pernikahan, Angkola-Mandailing
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKn MELALUI TUGAS PROYEK BERBANTUAN WEBSITE DI SDN GEGUNUNG KULON, KAB. REMBANG
Authors: - Parlan - 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran, mengetahui peningkatan prestasi siswa, dan mendeskripsikan perubahan perilaku siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn melalui tugas proyek berbantuan website. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 Siklus dengan subjek siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Gegunung Kulon, Kabupaten Rembang, semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif komparatif, membandingkan proses dan hasil belajar antara praSiklus, Siklus I dan Siklus II. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan 2 Siklus menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas siswa sampai 86 persen baik. Hasil belajar siswa juga meningkat ditandai Siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas 67,86 dan ketuntasan mencapai 57 persen. Siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas 78,57 dan ketuntasan 86 persen. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran serta ada perubahan perilaku siswa untuk mengikuti pembelajaran PKn melalui tugas proyek berbantuan website yang semula pasif menjadi lebih aktif. Semua siswa berminat dalam melaksakanan tugas dan memperoleh pengalaman yang menyenangkan dalam menjelajah website atau internet.Â AbstractThe objective of this research was to describe learning process, to know how studentsâ€™ learning achievement improve, and to describe the change of student behavior on civics learning through website-assisted project task. The research was done through two cycles, with grade IV students in SD Negeri Gegunung Kulon throughout the second semester of school year 2014/2015 as the subject. Research data analysis was done using descriptive comparative method, comparing the learning process and result between pra-cycle, first cycle and second cycle. The result showed positive increase of studentsâ€™ activities as much as 86 percent. The improvement of studentsâ€™ learning achievement in cycle I could be seen by the class average grade of 67,86 and mastery learning of 57 percent, while in cycle II the class average grade was 78,57 and mastery learning of 86 percent. The conclusion was that studentsâ€™ learning activities and achievement improved and there was also a changing in studentsâ€™ behavior in learning civics through website-assisted project task, from passive learning to active learning. Every student showed interest in doing the project and gaining enjoyable experience browsing the internet.