bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral cortical dimensions in headache sufferers aged 50 to 66 years: a population-based imaging study in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT-MRI)
Authors: Husøy Andreas K. , Håberg Asta K. , Rimol Lars M. , Hagen Knut , Vangberg Torgil R. , Stovner Lars J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Based on previous clinic-based magnetic resonance imaging studies showing regional differences in the cerebral cortex between those with and without headache, we hypothesized that headache sufferers have a decrease in volume, thickness, or surface area in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula. In addition, exploratory analyses on volume, thickness, and surface area across the cerebral cortical mantle were performed. A total of 1006 participants (aged 50-66 years) from the general population were selected to an imaging study of the head at 1.5 T (HUNT-MRI). Two hundred eighty-three individuals suffered from headache, 80 with migraine, and 87 with tension-type headache, whereas 309 individuals did not suffer from headache and were used as controls. T1-weighted 3D scans of the brain were analysed with voxel-based morphometry and FreeSurfer. The association between cortical volume, thickness, and surface area and questionnaire-based headache diagnoses was evaluated, taking into consideration evolution of headache and frequency of attacks. There were no significant differences in cortical volume, thickness, or surface area between headache sufferers and nonsufferers in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, or insula. Similarly, the exploratory analyses across the cortical mantle demonstrated no significant differences in volume, thickness, or surface area between any of the headache groups and the nonsufferers. Maps of effect sizes showed small differences in the cortical measures between headache sufferers and nonsufferers. Hence, there are probably no or only very small differences in volume, thickness, or surface area of the cerebral cortex between those with and without headache in the general population.
Blood Biomarkers of Sports-Related Concussion in Pediatric Athletes
Authors: Anzalone Anthony J. , Turner Stephanie M. , Baleztena Angela C. , McGuffin Tiffany , Creed Kalyssa , Jeromin Andreas , Wilson David , Hanlon David , Garrison J. Craig , Blueitt Damond , Oliver Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To examine changes in blood biomarkers, serum neurofilament light (Nf-L), and plasma tau, as well as the relationship between blood biomarkers and symptom reports, in athletes with a sports-related concussion.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Private community-based concussion clinic.

Participants:
Athletes aged 13 to 18 years old with a diagnosed sports-related concussion presenting to a concussion clinic within 7 days of injury and noninjured athletes with no history of concussion aged 13 to 23 years old.

Assessment and Main Outcome Measures:
Injured athletes provided a blood sample at the initial clinical evaluation and again at least 6 months after injury. Noninjured athletes provided a single blood sample. All participants completed symptom reports during each visit. Statistical comparisons of biomarker concentrations and symptom reports were conducted.

Results:
The mean rank for tau was significantly lower for concussed athletes compared with nonconcussed athletes. In contrast, the mean rank of Nf-L was higher for concussed athletes than for nonconcussed athletes, although the difference was nonsignificant. Plasma tau was significantly lower postinjury compared with 6 months after injury, whereas serum Nf-L was significantly higher postinjury. There was a weak but significant inverse relationship observed between tau and the number of symptoms reported, but no relationship was observed between Nf-L and the number of symptoms reported.

Conclusions:
These data indicate that in the days following a sports-related concussion, the blood biomarkers tau and Nf-L display contrasting patterns of change but may not be related to self-reported symptom scores.
Direct to consumer versus clinical genetic testing
Authors: Wysocki Kenneth , Osier Nicole 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
There are approximately 250 direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies marketing different testing options such as genetic health risk, carrier status, ancestry, wellness, traits, noninvasive prenatal genetic testing, athleticism, and many others. As a result, choosing the most appropriate test may be daunting when compared with a focused genetic test ordered by a clinician. A wealth of information may be discovered and care must be taken by both consumers and clinicians when deciphering test results. This column highlights considerations when proceeding forward with a DTC genetic test.
Therapeutic Advances in Emergency Cardiology: A Focus on Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Crişan Simina , Tint Diana , Petrescu Lucian 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Myocarditis, defined as an inflammation of the myocardium, is an important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, its diagnosis and etiology is often challenging in clinical practice, and thus, improving diagnosis and therapeutic approach of this cardiac pathology is a matter of great interest.

Areas of Uncertainty:
The etiology of the disease may be represented by not only infectious agents, usually with viral determination, but also autoimmune and systemic diseases or drugs. Regarding diagnostic techniques, endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard; but beyond histological findings, an important step in achieving an accurate diagnosis was represented by the use immunohistochemical criteria and noninvasive diagnostic tests such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Data Sources:
We reviewed current data on the current diagnosis and therapeutic approach of acute myocarditis.

Therapeutic Advances:
In addition to the standard heart failure therapy, some specific therapeutic options are available in selected cases. Viral myocarditis with persistent inflammation and viral clearance may be responsive to immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and cortisone or to immunoadsorption technique. Also, some chronic viral myocardial infections may benefit from 6 months of interferon-β therapy.

Conclusions:
The diagnosis of acute myocarditis still remains a great challenge, despite advances related to new diagnostic procedures. Endomyocardial biopsy, an invasive diagnostic tool that is not always usually available in clinical practice, still remains the standard diagnostic technique. Due to the potential evolution of acute myocarditis, identifying new parameters that may allow an early selection of patients with great risk of evolution toward myocardial fibrosis and dilated cardiomyopathy may be a field of great interest for future studies.
Relationship Between Nurse Certification and Clinical Patient Outcomes
Authors: Coelho Paulo 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Certification of nurses has been identified as a strategy to improve health care quality. However, the impact nursing certification has on clinical patient outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose:
The purpose was to examine the relationship between nursing certification and clinical outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted through the search of relevant bibliographic databases (CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Collaboration).

Results:
Nursing certification was found to have a significant inverse relationship to patient falls and health care–associated infections. Significant correlations were not established in outcomes such as pressure injuries and mortality.

Conclusions:
The validation of knowledge through nursing certification has an impact on specific outcomes such as patients falls and health care–associated infections.
Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2019 Consensus and Guidelines-Based Algorithm for First and Second Tier Therapies
Authors: Kochanek Patrick M. , Tasker Robert C. , Bell Michael J. , Adelson P. David , Carney Nancy , Vavilala Monica S. , Selden Nathan R. , Bratton Susan L. , Grant Gerald A. , Kissoon Niranjan , Reuter-Rice Karin E. , Wainwright Mark S. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
To produce a treatment algorithm for the ICU management of infants, children, and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury.

Data Sources:
Studies included in the 2019 Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8), consensus when evidence was insufficient to formulate a fully evidence-based approach, and selected protocols from included studies.

Data Synthesis:
Baseline care germane to all pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury along with two tiers of therapy were formulated. An approach to emergent management of the crisis scenario of cerebral herniation was also included. The first tier of therapy focuses on three therapeutic targets, namely preventing and/or treating intracranial hypertension, optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure, and optimizing partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (when monitored). The second tier of therapy focuses on decompressive craniectomy surgery, barbiturate infusion, late application of hypothermia, induced hyperventilation, and hyperosmolar therapies.

Conclusions:
This article provides an algorithm of clinical practice for the bedside practitioner based on the available evidence, treatment protocols described in the articles included in the 2019 guidelines, and consensus that reflects a logical approach to mitigate intracranial hypertension, optimize cerebral perfusion, and improve outcomes in the setting of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury.
Simultaneous Testicular and Appendix Testis Torsion
Authors: Vasconcelos-Castro Sofia , Soares-Oliveira Miguel , Campos José Miguel , Estevão-Costa José 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Torsion of the appendix testis (TAT) and testicular torsion (TT) are the most common causes of acute scrotum in the pediatric population. They usually present as separate conditions and have distinct managements. We report a unique case of a 16-year-old boy with concomitant TAT and TT. The role of TAT as a trigger factor to TT is addressed, and its clinical repercussion on the management of acute scrotum is discussed.
Randomized Trial on Comparison of the Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Dry Needling in Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Luan Shuo , Zhu Zhi-min , Ruan Jing-liang , Lin Cai-na , Ke Song-jian , Xin Wen-jun , Liu Cui-cui , Wu Shao-ling , Ma Chao 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and dry needling in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle.DesignA total of 65 patients with myofascial trigger points were randomly divided into extracorporeal shock wave therapy group (n= 32) and dry needling group (n= 33). Patients received 3 wks of treatment at 1-wk intervals (in both groups). Visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold, Neck Disability Index, and shear modulus were evaluated before treatment, immediately after the first therapy, 1 mo, and 3 mos after the completion of the third therapy.ResultsSignificant improvements of visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold, and Neck Disability Index scores were observed at all time points after treatment (P< 0.01) in both treatment groups. The shear modulus of myofascial trigger points was reduced in both dry needling group (P< 0.05) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy group (P< 0.01) immediately after the first treatment. Significant reductions in shear modulus were maintained up to 3-mo posttreatment in both groups (P< 0.01). There were no significant differences between the radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy group and dry needling group.ConclusionsThe extracorporeal shock wave therapy is as effective as dry needling for relieving pain, improving function, and reducing shear modulus for patients with myofascial trigger points after a series of three treatments.
Prospective Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of Alveolar Socket Healing Following Ridge Preservation Using a Combination of Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Biomimetic Xenograft Versus Demineralized Bovine Bone
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Del Fabbro Massimo , Panda Sourav , Goker Funda , Babina Ksenia S. , Tampieri Anna , Mortellaro Carmen 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
This prospective study is aimed at investigating clinically and histologically the effectiveness of a biomimetic magnesium-enriched-hydroxyapatite (MgHA)/collagen-based bone substitute for alveolar socket preservation.

Materials:
Patients scheduled for posterior single tooth extraction were included. The alveolar socket was filled either with MgHA or deproteinized bovine bone matrix (DBBM). In DBBM group, a punch of mucosa was taken from the palate and used to cover the graft. Vertical and horizontal dimensional changes of the alveolar process were assessed clinically with a periodontal probe and with 3-dimensional (3D) analysis of a cast model. Postoperative quality of life was assessed through a questionnaire. After 6 months of healing, an alveolar tissue biopsy was taken for histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the newly formed tissue. After checking normality of the distributions, parametric or nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons.

Results:
Twenty patients (12 males, 8 females, mean age 42.8 ± 5.1 years, range 33–50 years) were treated. After 6 months, vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge resorption was similar in the 2 groups. The 3D analysis of the models showed a significantly higher resorption at the buccal side than at the palatal/lingual side. Histomorphometric analysis showed similar new bone formation for MgHA group (23.07 ± 10.3%) and DBBM (22.77 ± 6.95%), and a significantly higher residual material% for DBBM (15.77 ± 1.95%) than MgHA (5.01 ± 1.04%). Significantly less pain was reported in the first 3 days after surgery in patients of the MgHA group.

Conclusion:
The MgHA was as safe and effective as DBBM and may represent a feasible bone substitute for alveolar socket preservation.
Clinical Outcome of Single-port Surgery in Patients With Pathologic T4 Colon Cancer
Authors: Tei Mitsuyoshi , Otsuka Masahisa , Suzuki Yozo , Akamatsu Hiroki 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of single-port surgery (SPS), compared with those of multiport surgery (MPS) in patients with pathologic T4 colon cancer.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 188 patients with proven pathologic T4 colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2008 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into the SPS group (n=94) and the MPS group (n=94). The clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

Results:
The median operative time was significantly shorter in the SPS group than in the MPS group (P=0.045). Postoperative complications did not differ between the groups. The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the SPS group than in the MPS group (P<0.001). Oncological resection rates were similar between groups. The 3-year relapse-free survival rates, the 3-year local recurrence-free survival rates, and the 5-year overall survival rates were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
SPS is safe and feasible in patients with pathologic T4 colon cancer.
Effect of internal chain-like structures on magnetic hyperthermia in non-liquid media
Authors: Zubarev Andrey Yu. 
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with a theoretical study of the effect of chain-like aggregates on magnetic hyperthermia in systems of single-domain ferromagnetic particles immobilized in a non-magnetic medium. We assume that the particles form linear chain-like aggregates and the characteristic time of the Néel remagnetization is much longer than the time of medium heating (time of process observation). This is applicable to magnetite particles when the particle diameter exceeds 20–25 nm. Our results show that the appearance of the chains significantly decreases the intensity of heat production.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
On the theory of crystal growth in metastable systems with biomedical applications: protein and insulin crystallization
Authors: Alexandrov Dmitri V. , Nizovtseva Irina G. 
Published: March 2019

A generalized theory of nucleation and growth of crystals in a metastable (supercooled or supersaturated) liquid is developed taking into account two principal effects: the diffusion mechanism of the particle-size distribution function in the space of particle radii and the unsteady-state growth rates of individual crystals induced by fluctuations in external temperature or concentration field. A system of the Fokker–Planck and balance integro-differential equations is formulated and analytically solved in a parametric form for arbitrary nucleation kinetics and arbitrary growth rates of individual crystals. The particle-size distribution function and system metastability are found in an explicit form. The Weber–Volmer–Frenkel–Zel'dovich and Meirs kinetic mechanisms, as well as the unsteady-state growth rates of nuclei (Alexandrov & Alexandrova 2019Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A377, 20180209 (doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0209)), are considered as special cases. Some potential biomedical applications of the present theory for crystal growth from supersaturated solutions are discussed. The theory is compared with experimental data on protein and insulin crystallization (growth dynamics of the proteins lysozyme and canavalin as well as of bovine and porcine insulin is considered). The hat-shaped particle-size distribution functions for lysozyme and canavalin crystals as well as for bovine and porcine insulin are found.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures
Authors: Alexandrov Dmitri V. , Zubarev Andrey Yu. 
Published: March 2019

This issue is concerned with structural and phase transitions in heterogeneous and composite materials, the effects of external magnetic fields on these phenomena and the macroscopic properties and behaviour of materials with isotropic and anisotropic internal structures. Using experimental, theoretical and computer methods, these transitions are studied at the atomic and mesoscopic levels. The fundamental specific feature of structural transitions in many heterogeneous media consists of the fact that these transitions are stacked for a long time in non-equilibrium states that appear due to either macroscopic dissipative processes (an alternating magnetic field or hydrodynamic flow, for instance) or system lifetime in a metastable state. It is important to explain and describe these transitional states using the general approach of non-equilibrium physical mechanics. The review and research articles in the issue will cover the whole spectrum of scales (from nano to macro) and materials (from metastable liquids to biological polymers) in order to exhibit recently developed trends in the field of heterogeneous materials. Atomistic modelling, structuring induced by external magnetic fields and hydrodynamic flows, metastable and non-ergodic states, mechanical properties and phenomena in heterogeneous materials—all these are covered.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Biological Filtering and Substrate Promiscuity Prediction for Annotating Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Hassanpour Neda , Alden Nicholas , Menon Rani , Jayaraman Arul , Lee Kyonbum , Hassoun Soha 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMass spectrometry coupled with chromatography separation techniques provides a powerful platform for untargeted metabolomics. Determining the chemical identities of detected compounds however remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel computational workflow, termed Expanded Metabolic Model Annotation (EMMA), that aims to strike a balance between discovering previously uncharacterized metabolites and the computational burden of annotation. EMMA engineers a candidate set, a listing of putative chemical identities to be used during annotation, through an expanded metabolic model (EMM). An EMM includes not only canonical substrates and products of enzymes already cataloged in a database through a reference metabolic model, but also metabolites that can form due to substrate promiscuity. EMMA was applied to untargeted LC-MS data collected from cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and murine cecal microbiota. EMM metabolites matched, on average, to 23.92% of measured masses, providing a > 7-fold increase in the candidate set size when compared to a reference metabolic model. Many metabolites suggested by EMMA are not catalogued in PubChem. For the CHO cell, we experimentally confirmed the presence of 4-hydroxy-phenyllactate, a metabolite predicted by EMMA that has not been previously identified as part of CHO cell metabolism.
Hidden neural states underlie canary song syntax
Authors: Cohen Yarden , Shen Jun , Semu Dawit , Leman Daniel P. , Liberti William A. , Perkins L. Nathan , Liberti Derek C. , Kotton Darrell , Gardner Timothy J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoordinated skills such as speech or dance involve sequences of actions that follow syntactic rules in which transitions between elements depend on past actions. Canary songs are comprised of repeated syllables, called phrases, and the ordering of these phrases follows long-range rules, where the choice of what to sing depends on song structure many seconds prior. The neural substrates that support these long-range correlations are unknown. Using miniature head-mounted microscopes and cell-type-specific genetic tools, we observed neural activity in the premotor nucleus HVC as canaries explore various phrase sequences in their repertoire. We find neurons that encode past transitions, extending over 4 phrases and spanning up to 3 seconds and 40 syllables. These neurons preferentially encode past actions rather than future actions, can reflect more than a single song history, and occur mostly during the rare phrases that involve history-dependent transitions in song. These findings demonstrate that network dynamics in HVC reflect preceding behavior context relevant to flexible transitions.