bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Less Commodity Dependence Better for Economic Equality, Economic Growth, and Human Development?
Authors: Natanael Yeremia 
Published: December 2024

Commodity dependence constitutes an economy with primary goods dominating its export structure. It can promote economic diversification and improve societal well-being if managed considerably. However, the fluctuating global commodity prices can lead to economic instability, potentially causing widespread poverty and vulnerability among the population. While commodity-dependent countries have increased, some have transitioned to commodity independence in the past decade. Nevertheless, little is known about changes in economic development indicators for these countries compared to those still reliant on commodities. This study examines how commodity dependence relates to income inequality, economic growth, and human development indicators. Using the panel-corrected standard error, fixed effect, and two-step system generalized method of moments, results indicate that commodity dependence is inversely related to income inequality and economic growth but positively related to human development. Institutional quality also matters, with better institutions linked to lower inequality and higher economic growth and human development levels. This suggests that while commodity dependence can impede economic development, better institutional quality could help manage the benefits of commodity exports while mitigating their developmental costs. JEL Classification F14, F43, O11, O15, O40
Parental Experiences on Learning About and Caring for Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Qualitative Study from South India
Authors: Kumar Shuba , Mohanraj Rani , Vaidhyalingam Thailavathy , Chakkaravarthi Subhiksha , Thiruvenkatachari Badri 
Published: December 2024

Objectives The study aimed to understand parents’ reactions to cleft, the manner in which they learned about its presence, and the challenges they faced in caring for their child with a view to providing healthcare professionals insights toward enhancing care delivery. Design Qualitative in-depth interviews using the grounded theory approach were carried out with 11 mothers and fathers of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) attending a cleft speciality hospital in Chennai city, in South India. Results Analysis resulted in the discovery of 5 core categories, learning about CLP—when and how, reactions and attributions to CLP, learning about and expectations from treatment, caring for a child with CLP and support systems. Feelings of shock and bewilderment when they learned of the presence of cleft in their child was reported by most parents. Poor awareness of cleft, difficulties in feeding, and concerns for the child's future were major sources of disquiet. The presence of support from family and friends and interactions with other parents of children with cleft helped them to cope better. Conclusions The results highlight the need for enhancing understanding of cleft among parents and strengthening them emotionally, thereby empowering them to provide effective care for their child. There is an urgent need to develop standardized information materials for parents to ensure that they have clear, consistent, and reliable information on the care of their child.
Geographical variation in quality-adjusted life expectancy in the North Denmark Region
Authors: Christensen Jakob Juul , Jensen Cathrine Elgaard , Raunbak Sabine Michelsen , Sørensen Sabrina Storgaard , Sørensen Jan 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study examined the geographical variations in quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) in the North Denmark Region. Methods: QALE was used to measure health expectancy within each municipality of the North Denmark Region. Measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were obtained from a representative sample of 19,598 responses to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire in the 2021 regional health survey. Abridged periodic life tables were constructed using mortality data from Statistics Denmark stratified by age, sex, and municipality. The stepwise replacement algorithm developed by Andreev et al. was applied to decompose QALE into its mortality and HRQoL components and investigate the main drivers of the QALE variations between municipalities. Results: The regional average QALE at 16 years of age was 52.6 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (95% CI: 52.1–53.0) for men and 53.1 QALYs (95% CI: 52.7–53.5) for women. No statistically significant variations in QALE were found between municipalities. Comparing the highest and lowest scoring municipalities for males, Rebild had 54.5 QALY (95% CI: 51.7–57.2) while Hjørring had 51.9 QALY (95% CI: 49.9–54.1), showing a variation of 2.57 QALE driven by higher HRQoL scores and lower mortality rates. For females, Rebild had 54.3 QALY (95% CI: 52.1–56.5) and Vesthimmerland had 51.3 QALY (95% CI: 49.1–53.4), showing a variation of 3.03 QALE, mostly driven by increased HRQoL scores and to some extent lower mortality rates. Conclusions: Variations in QALE, although not statistically significant, existed between the municipalities in the North Denmark Region. Further research should explore the reasons for these variations to inspire future policy development.
The Use of the Anterior Labral Circumferential Onlay Technique to Reconstruct the Anterior Labrum and Biomechanically Restore Glenohumeral Joint Stability
Authors: Dey Hazra Maria E. , Dey Hazra Rony-Orijit , Brady Alex W. , Ganokroj Phob , Brown Justin R. , Garcia Alexander R. , Drumm Amelia H. , Millett Peter J. 
Published: December 2024

Background: A labral injury contributes to glenohumeral instability. The Anterior Labral Circumferential Onlay Technique (ALCOT) reconstructs the labrum using the long head of the biceps tendon. Hypothesis: The ALCOT would restore glenohumeral joint stability in a cadaveric model without glenoid bone loss (1) comparable to the native state and (2) comparable to the Latarjet procedure. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic arm in 5 consecutive states: (1) native, (2) capsular repair, (3) labral tear, (4) ALCOT, and (5) Latarjet procedure. Biomechanical testing consisted of 80 N of anteroinferior force and 50 N of compression in 90° of humerothoracic abduction. Lateral displacement of the humeral head and the force ratio during a dislocation were measured. Results: The mean lateral translation of the humeral head during a dislocation in the native state was 6.5 ± 2.2 mm and decreased to 5.4 ± 2.4 mm in the labral tear state ( P < .001). The mean lateral translation of the humeral head was restored to 6.4 ± 2.2 mm ( P > .99) with the ALCOT, showing no difference from the native state. The Latarjet procedure restored the mean force ratio during a dislocation to 1.3 ± 0.6 but failed to restore lateral translation, with a value of 5.6 ± 2.8 mm ( P = .003 vs native; P = .94 vs labral tear). The mean force ratio was 1.8 ± 0.1 in the native state, decreased to 1.1 ± 0.4 in the labral tear state, and was 1.4 ± 0.4 ( P < .27) with the ALCOT, showing no difference from the native state. Conclusion: The ALCOT is a novel technique for labral reconstruction that may have a role in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability in the setting of a deficient labrum without bone loss. In this study, the ALCOT restored the force ratio and lateral translation of the humeral head compared to the native state. The Latarjet procedure restored the force ratio but not lateral translation of the humeral head compared to the native state. Clinical Relevance: This study proposes and biomechanically validates the ALCOT as a surgical technique for labral reconstruction that may have a role in treating patients with chronic anterior shoulder instability in the setting of a deficient labrum.
Material Removal Uniformity in Water Dissolution Ultraprecision Continuous Polishing for Large-Size Water-Soluble Crystals
Authors: Cheng Zhipeng , Liu Ziyuan , Guo Dongming , Xu Qiao , Gao Hang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWater dissolution ultraprecision continuous polishing is a nontraditional machining method specifically designed for water-soluble crystals. The aim of this study is primarily to reduce the surface roughness for small sizes from an experimental standpoint. A trajectory uniformity simulation analysis is carried out for a consistent material removal. A material removal model is developed based on the water dissolution principle and kinematic analysis. Numerical simulations of single- and multiple-water-core polishing trajectories are performed to explore the influences of the processing parameters such as movement form, number of water cores, speed ratio, polishing time, and period ratio on the material removal uniformity. The material removal rate is calculated according to the Preston equation. The trajectory density nonuniformity is utilized to evaluate the global uniformity of the trajectory distributions and optimize the processing parameters for a better material removal uniformity. Verification experiments are conducted on a large-size ultraprecision continuous polisher using a typical potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal with a water-soluble structure. The edge collapse is improved from 51.499 μm to 1.477 μm by trajectory uniformity optimization. The changing trends of line profile variations in the validation experiment and simulation are similar. An ultrasmooth surface of a 180 mm × 180 mm KDP crystal with a surface roughness root mean square of 1.718 nm is obtained after water dissolution ultraprecision continuous polishing. This study provides a comprehensive method for evaluation of material removal uniformity, which is valuable for the realization of high-quality machining for water-soluble crystals.
Adolescents’ experiences of a whole-school preventive intervention addressing mental health and nonsuicidal self-injury: a qualitative study
Authors: Aspeqvist Erik , Münger Ann-Charlotte , Andersson Hedvig , Korhonen Laura , Baetens Imke , Dahlström Örjan , Zetterqvist Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Programs for mental health promotion and prevention of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in schools have gained increased focus during the last decades, but less is known about adolescents’ experiences of such interventions.

Methods
A whole-school preventive intervention targeting mental health and NSSI was delivered to six secondary schools. Adolescents participated in the Youth Aware of Mental Health program combined with an NSSI-focused psychoeducation module. Caregivers and teachers were given online psychoeducation on NSSI, and school health care staff were given a workshop on self-injury. Eleven group interviews (n = 65 participants) were conducted with adolescents (ages 13–15 years, 65% females) exploring participant experiences. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and interpreted in light of a biopsychosocial understanding of adolescence.

Results
The analysis generated two main themes. The first theme, Mental health in the context of adolescence, centered around adolescents’ conception of mental health, after having taken part in the intervention, framed in a context of coping with external stressors. The dilemma of autonomy versus help-seeking was also identified as part of the first main theme. The second theme, The who, when, what, and how of the intervention, described adolescents’ experiences of the intervention. This theme included increased awareness and knowledge of mental ill-health. The participants generally agreed that the topics included are important to adolescents and emphasized that the content needs to be relatable. Several factors that influence how a school-based program is received by adolescents were identified, such as who should be targeted and when. Adolescents also identified challenges and gave recommendations for future similar projects.

Conclusions
Adolescents generally perceived addressing mental health and NSSI in schools as important. Help-seeking initiatives need to be balanced against adolescents’ need for autonomy when planning mental health prevention and intervention.
Adult influenza vaccination coverage before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Authors: Chen Ruoke , Gilbert Nicolas L. , Dubé Ève 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Vaccination prevents seasonal influenza and its complications, particularly among high-risk populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has been reported to impact healthcare behaviors and vaccination patterns. This study aims to assess influenza vaccination coverage and changes in vaccination settings among Canadian adults from the 2018–2019 to the 2023–2024 seasons.

Method
We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from multiple cycles of the Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage Survey (SIVCS). Vaccination coverage was examined across different seasons, stratified by population groups. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare vaccination likelihoods across seasons, with 2018–2019 serving as the reference. Chi-square tests were applied to determine whether there were significant differences in the place of vaccination since the pre-pandemic season.

Results
When comparing vaccine uptake before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a temporary coverage decline in 2021–2022 season (OR = 0.882, 95% CI = 0.787–0.988) compared to the pre-pandemic season in 2018–2019. By the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons, vaccination coverage returned to pre-pandemic levels. Coverage among adults aged 18–64 without chronic medical condition consistently remained lower than in other groups. The places of vaccination shifted markedly, with pharmacies becoming the predominant site, increasing from 35.4% in 2018–2019 to 57.4% in 2023–2024, while doctor’s offices saw a decline from 32.7 to 15.2% over the same period.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the transient effect of the pandemic on flu vaccine uptake in Canada. The increasing use of pharmacies for vaccinations underscores the importance of accessible and convenient vaccination sites. Future efforts should focus on maintaining and improving vaccination coverage through diverse and adaptable vaccination settings.
Predictive modelling of linear growth faltering among pediatric patients with Diarrhea in Rural Western Kenya: an explainable machine learning approach
Authors: Ogwel Billy , Mzazi Vincent H. , Awuor Alex O. , Okonji Caleb , Anyango Raphael O. , Oreso Caren , Ochieng John B. , Munga Stephen , Nasrin Dilruba , Tickell Kirkby D. , Pavlinac Patricia B. , Kotloff Karen L. , Omore Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Stunting affects one-fifth of children globally with diarrhea accounting for an estimated 13.5% of stunting. Identifying risk factors for its precursor, linear growth faltering (LGF), is critical to designing interventions. Moreover, developing new predictive models for LGF using more recent data offers opportunity to enhance model accuracy, interpretability and capture new insights. We employed machine learning (ML) to derive and validate a predictive model for LGF among children enrolled with diarrhea in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study and the Enterics for Global Heath (EFGH) ― Shigella study in rural western Kenya.

Methods
We used 7 diverse ML algorithms to retrospectively build prognostic models for the prediction of LGF (≥ 0.5 decrease in height/length for age z-score [HAZ]) among children 6–35 months. We used de-identified data from the VIDA study (n = 1,106) combined with synthetic data (n = 8,894) in model development, which entailed split-sampling and K-fold cross-validation with over-sampling technique, and data from EFGH-Shigella study (n = 655) for temporal validation. Potential predictors (n = 65) included demographic, household-level characteristics, illness history, anthropometric and clinical data were identified using boruta feature selection with an explanatory model analysis used to enhance interpretability.

Results
The prevalence of LGF in the development and temporal validation cohorts was 187 (16.9%) and 147 (22.4%), respectively. Feature selection identified the following 6 variables used in model development, ranked by importance: age (16.6%), temperature (6.0%), respiratory rate (4.1%), SAM (3.4%), rotavirus vaccination (3.3%), and skin turgor (2.1%). While all models showed good prediction capability, the gradient boosting model achieved the best performance (area under the curve % [95% Confidence Interval]: 83.5 [81.6–85.4] and 65.6 [60.8–70.4]) on the development and temporal validation datasets, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings accentuate the enduring relevance of established predictors of LGF whilst demonstrating the practical utility of ML algorithms for rapid identification of at-risk children.
Research priorities for antimicrobial stewardship nurses in a middle-income country: a nominal group technique study
Authors: de Lima Gusmão Viviane Cristina , Abraão Lígia Maria , da Silva Felix Adriana Maria , Ciofi-Silva Caroline Lopes , Courtenay Molly , Ness Valerie , Castro-Sanchez Enrique , de Figueiredo Rosely Moralez , Padoveze Maria Clara ,   Workshop Participants Group, do Nascimento Lousada Monik Gomes , Marinho Claudia Silva , Costa Eliana Auxiliadora Magalhães , Oliveira Nayara Carvalho , Monteiro Waldélia , Murakami Beatriz Murata , Manhezi Andreza , do Carmo Filho José Rodrigues , das Neves Zilah Cândida Pereira , Sena Viviane Gonçalves , Goncalves Glaucia Ribeiro , da Cruz Ieda Pontes , Pinheiro Fernando Augusto , Preve Camila Piuco , Krummenauer Eliane Carlosso , Pires Renata Neto , Maciel Amanda Luiz Pires , Cascardo Ana Claudia , Cais Daiane Patrícia , dos Santos James Francisco Pedro , Farah Lilian , Gatti Maria Fernanda Zorzi , e Castro Meire Cristina Novelli , Taminato Mônica , da Silva Thatiara Cardoso , de Lima Tiago Cristiano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have become important strategies for addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite the increasing number of international publications identifying the important roles played by nurses as part of ASPs in low- and middle-income countries, this topic is yet poorly researched. This study aimed to identify priority research gaps in the Brazilian context concerning nurses’ performance in ASPs from the perspective of nursing professionals and explore the main themes among the ideas generated by these nurses.

Methods
This qualitative study used the modified Nominal Group Technique (mNGT) during a three-day online workshop. Content analysis was performed on the basis of the ideas proposed by the participants after the clarification stage.

Results
The participants suggested 68 ideas in the first phase. After the idea’s clarification phase, 45 ideas were included in the voting rounds. The ideas prioritized by participants voting addressed (i) attributions and competencies of nurses in the ASP; (ii) planning and implementation of ASP nurses’ activities; and (iii) use of information and communication technologies to assist nurses. The content analysis highlighted nine main themes in the initial ideas.

Conclusions
The study identified significant gaps in research related to nurses’ roles in ASPs in the Brazilian context. These findings suggest that further investigation into nurses’ competences, the implementation of their roles, and the application of digital tools are priority subjects of future research to improve nurses’ participation in ASPs. These themes should be further studied in the Brazilian context but may be applicable to other similar socioeconomic contexts.
Integration of psychological interventions in multi-sectoral humanitarian programmes: a systematic review
Authors: Ndlovu Jacqueline N. , Lind Jonna , Patlán Andrés Barrera , Upadhaya Nawaraj , Leku Marx R. , Akellot Josephine , Skovdal Morten , Augustinavicius Jura L. , Tol Wietse A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Every year, millions of people are affected by humanitarian crises. With a growing population of people affected, the need for coordination and integration of services aiming to improve the effectiveness of mental health and psychosocial support also grows. In this study, we examine how psychological interventions in humanitarian settings globally have been implemented through integration into programming outside of formal healthcare delivery through multisectoral integration.

Methods
A comprehensive search of six databases and reference checking was undertaken in 2022. We included studies focusing on implementation strategies and implementation outcomes of multi-sectoral, integrated psychological interventions, with no year limits. We extracted data using the software Covidence, and used the software to manage screening and reviewing processes. All studies were critically appraised for quality and rigor using the mixed-methods appraisal tool.

Results
Eight studies were included in total. We found that interventions targeted conflict affected, displaced and disaster recovering populations. The interventions demonstrated moderate success in reducing psychological distress and enhancing disaster preparedness. We found that key implementation outcomes investigated and prioritised include acceptability, feasibility, and relevance. The studies reported on integration processes that involved task shifting primarily, with an emphasis on different formats of adaptation, partnership creation and capacity development to maximise effectiveness of integrated interventions.

Conclusion
Overall, there is little research being done to rigorously document the processes and experiences of integrating psychological interventions with non-health interventions. This could be an indication that, while multisectoral integration may be more common in practice, little research is being done or reported in this area formally. There is an urgent need for further research into integrated multi-sectoral interventions. This research should aim to understand how social, cultural, and environmental contexts in different ways, and to different degrees, affect what is acceptable and feasible to deliver and how these ultimately influence the impact of integrated interventions.