bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of microvascular cerebral blood volume changes over the cardiac cycle with ferumoxytol‐enhanced T2* MRI
Authors: Rivera‐Rivera Leonardo A. , Johnson Kevin M. , Turski Patrick A. , Wieben Oliver , Schubert Tilman 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis feasibility study investigates the non‐invasive measurement of microvascular cerebral blood volume (BV) changes over the cardiac cycle using cardiac‐gated, ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI.MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained and all subjects provided written informed consent. Cardiac gated MR scans were prospectively acquired on a 3.0T scanner in 22 healthy subjects using ‐weighted sequences with 2D‐EPI and 3D spiral trajectories. Images were collected before and after the intravenous administration of 2 doses of ferumoxytol (1 mg FE/kg and 4 mg FE/kg). Cardiac cycle‐induced (1/) changes (Δ) and BV changes (ΔBV) throughout the cardiac cycle in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were quantified and differences assessed using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis.ResultsΔ was found to increase in a dose‐dependent fashion. A significantly larger increase was observed in GM compared to WM in both 2D and 3D acquisitions (P < 0.050). In addition, Δ increased significantly (P < 0.001) post versus pre‐contrast injection in GM in both MRI acquisitions. Mean GM Δ derived from 2D‐EPI images was 0.14 ± 0.06 s−1 pre‐contrast and 0.33 ± 0.13 s−1 after 5 mg FE/kg. In WM, Δ was 0.19 ± 0.06 s−1 pre‐contrast, and 0.23 ± 0.06 s−1 after 5 mg FE/kg. The fractional changes in BV throughout the cardiac cycle were 0.031 ± 0.019% in GM and 0.011 ± 0.008% in WM (P < 0.001) after 5 mg FE/kg.ConclusionCardiac‐gated, ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI enables characterization of microvascular BV changes throughout the cardiac cycle in GM and WM tissue of healthy subjects.
Multi‐expansion modal reduction: A pragmatic semi–a priori model order reduction approach for nonlinear structural dynamics
Authors: Naets Frank , De Gregoriis Daniel , Desmet Wim 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA novel model order reduction scheme for nonlinear finite element (NL‐FE) structural dynamics models is proposed in this work, which enables an overall accelerated model evaluation. The proposed multi‐expansion modal (MEM) reduction employs a set of modal bases evaluated for a number of representative statically deformed configurations, combined with these static deformation patterns, to obtain a reduced order basis (ROB). This ROB is then exploited in an a priori element sampling to obtain a hyper‐reduced model based on the energy‐conserving sampling and weighting approach. The proposed element sampling scheme uses a nonnegative L1 optimization of the element weights where an equality between the projected and hyper‐reduced linearized stiffness matrix or static deformation forces is added. A procedure and several guidelines on the reduced order model setup and evaluation are presented, with specific attention to how the presented approach allows to exploit existing NL‐FE frameworks. The MEM approach is validated numerically on an academic cantilever beam model and is shown to provide good accuracy and consistent convergence properties.
Understanding, measuring, and addressing the financial impact of cancer on adolescents and young adults
Authors: Salsman John M. , Bingen Kristin , Barr Ronald D. , Freyer David R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe financial impact of cancer treatment among adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15–39 years) is deep and long lasting. Compared with other age groups, because of their life stage, AYAs are particularly vulnerable to the adverse economic effects of cancer treatment, also known as financial toxicity. Clinical manifestations of cancer‐related financial toxicity include interrupted work and income loss, accumulated debt, treatment nonadherence, avoidance of medical care, and social isolation. Effective clinical interventions should include efforts to increase financial self‐efficacy as well as direct support. Measures that are valid, reliable, multidimensional, and age‐appropriate are needed to study and address financial toxicity in the AYA population.
Bloodstream infections exacerbate incidence and severity of symptomatic glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Janke Laura J. , Smith Colton A. , Karol Seth E. , Pei Deqing , Cheng Cheng , Kaste Sue C. , Inaba Hiroto , Pui Ching‐Hon , Wolf Joshua , Relling Mary V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis is a common toxicity associated with glucocorticoid (e.g., dexamethasone and prednisone) treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but risk factors are incompletely defined. Infections are also a common complication of ALL therapy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used experimentally to mimic infection‐related systemic effects. To our knowledge, the contribution of systemic infections to the risk of glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis has not been investigated.ProcedurePatients with ALL on St. Jude Total Therapy XV (n = 365) were assessed for documented bacteremia prior to development of osteonecrosis, which was confirmed by MRI, and graded using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology for Adverse Events (version 3.0). In a preclinical model, Balb/cJ mice treated with dexamethasone plus or minus LPS were assessed for frequency and severity of osteonecrosis and arteriopathy.ResultsWe found that patients with ALL who experienced bacteremia had a higher frequency of symptomatic osteonecrosis (≥grade 2) than those who did not (OR: 1.88; 95% CI, 1.03–3.41, P = 0.038). LPS exacerbated experimental dexamethasone‐induced osteonecrosis. Mice treated with dexamethasone plus LPS had a higher incidence of osteonecrosis (P = 0.00086) and arteriopathy (P = 0.0047) than did those treated with dexamethasone alone, and the severity of osteonecrosis (P = 0.00045) and arteriopathy (P = 0.0048) was also more pronounced with the addition of LPS treatment. The increase in osteonecrosis was not explained by any alteration of dexamethasone pharmacokinetics by LPS.ConclusionsThese data identify systemic infection during ALL therapy as a novel risk factor in the development of glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis.
Expanded carrier screening for autosomal recessive conditions in health care: Arguments for a couple‐based approach and examination of couples' views
Authors: Plantinga Mirjam , Birnie Erwin , Schuurmans Juliette , Buitenhuis Anne H. , Boersma Elise , Lucassen Anneke M. , Verkerk Marian A. , van Langen Irene M. , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundExpanded carrier screening (ECS) is aimed at detecting carrier states for autosomal recessive (AR) or X‐linked conditions in couples from the general population planning a pregnancy. ECS is currently usually offered on an individual basis despite the fact that, for AR conditions, only carrier couples are at risk of affected offspring. In this paper, we present a couple‐based ECS test‐offer for AR conditions, where results are offered as couple‐results only, and describe how couples view such an offer.Methods and resultsAn online survey covering attitudes, perceived difficulty, and intention to take up couple‐based ECS was used to examine couples' views. Results show that in 76% of the participating couples there is no objection at all towards receiving couple‐results only. Most couples display similar views. Observed discrepancies usually involved one of the couple members having a positive view, whilst the other was neutral. Although views stayed strikingly stable after discussion, the partner's opinion was regarded as important in deciding whether or not to have testing.ConclusionThis study shows that most couples do not object to receiving couple rather than individual ECS results, have similar views towards the offer, and are able to discuss differences in views and intentions.
Cover Image, Volume 68, Issue 3
Authors: Kilic Deniz , Karaca Balta Demet , Saloglu Didem , Temel Gokhan 
Published: February 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Synthesis and characterization of POSS hybrid organogels using Menschutkin quaternization chemistry by Deniz Kilic et al. DOI: 10.1002/pi.5719.
image
The Evaluation of Strength, Flexibility, and Functional Performance in the Adolescent Ballet Dancer During Intensive Dance Training
Authors: Yin Amy X. , Geminiani Ellen , Quinn Bridget , Owen Michael , Kinney Susan , McCrystal Tara , Stracciolini Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent ballet dancers have a higher incidence of injury than adult professional dancers. It is unclear which factors, including biomechanical changes related to intense dance training and/or the growth process itself, contribute to increased injury risk in this population.ObjectiveTo assess changes in strength, flexibility, and functional performance in adolescent ballet dancers during a summer intensive dance program.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPerforming arts school in a suburb of Massachusetts.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 58 male and female ballet dancers, 12 to 17 years old, was enrolled. One dancer did not have functional testing due to injury, but strength and range of motion results were included.MethodsPaired sample t‐test was used to evaluate changes in (1) strength: lower abdominal muscle strength evaluated by the Kendall double leg lowering test; (2) flexibility: passive range of motion in hip extensibility, hip internal rotation, hip external rotation, hip turnout, and ankle dorsiflexion; and (3) functional athletic and dance assessment: the star excursion balance test (SEBT), vertical jump test, and dance technique performing demi‐plié and passé dance positions.Main Outcome MeasurementsChange in strength, flexibility, and functional dance measurements pre‐ and postsummer intensive dance training.ResultsLower abdominal strength testing improved 11° on the Kendall test (P < .001); lower extremity passive flexibility was reduced in all tested ranges bilaterally. Dance technique, in performing demi‐plié and passé dance positions, improved. More dancers demonstrated correct knee alignment during demi‐plié (P < .001‐.002) and hip alignment during plié (P = .01‐.04). Dancers also had greater active hip turnout in first position passé of 2 to 3° (P = .02‐.05). No significant change was found in functional athletic performance as measured by the SEBT and vertical jump test.ConclusionAdolescent dancers in this study cohort who participated in a summer intensive dance program improved lower abdominal muscle strength as well as functional dance technique in demonstrating correct alignment performing demi‐plié and passé dance positions despite a decrease in passive lower extremity range of motion. Further research is needed to clarify the role of these findings in training for young dancers in order to move forward injury prevention efforts.Level of EvidenceII
Correlations between microstructure of α‐row nuclei and polymorphism of shear‐induced iPP/carbon fiber cylindrite
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Jihai , Jing Mengfan , Sui Guopeng , Liu Dingyao , Wang Ke , Fu Qiang 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHerein, we reported the formation mechanism of hybrid crystalline (cylindrite) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/carbon fiber (CF) via pulling a CF within the iPP melt. The α‐row nuclei layer closely attached to the surface of CF acts as a self‐nucleation site, rather than a heterogeneous nucleation one, to grow cylindrites. As a result, the polymorphic feature of iPP/CF cylindrite is significantly influenced by the microstructure of α‐row nuclei. With decreasing crystallization temperature (Tc), the polymorphic cylindrite changes from pure α‐form to mixed α‐/β‐form and to β‐rich form. The main characteristics of this change include: (a) the outlines of α‐row nuclei layer correspond to wave‐like, saw‐like, and straight lines; (b) the orientation level of iPP molecules in the α‐row nuclei layer become higher; (c) the α‐lamellae rearrange from loose to compact; and (d) the distance between the growth sites of β‐sectors and the surface of CF is evidently longer than in the case of α‐sectors. Moreover, this study provides a guideline for developing the interfacial enhanced iPP/CF composites through manipulation of polymorphic structure in cylindrites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 368–377
Measuring structural inhomogeneity of a helical conjugated polymer at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Arge Tummas Napoleon , Konôpková Zuzana , Haase Dörthe , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Scherf Ullrich , Guha Suchismita , Knaapila Matti 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe report on X‐ray scattering measurements of helical poly[9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl] by mapping the sample with 10 μm spatial resolution from 0.3 GPa to 36 GPa. We follow the strongest 00l reflection, which moves toward higher scattering angles with pressure indicating planarization of helical polyfluorene. Lateral inhomogeneity is increased for >10 GPa concomitant with the solidification of the pressure transmitting medium (a 4:1 mixture of methanol and ethanol). We also follow the 00l reflection with increasing temperature at the constant pressure of 4.3 GPa in neon. We observe a sharp shift toward higher scattering angles indicative of a phase transition at 167–176 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 392–396
Rheological behavior of fumed silica filled polyethylene oxide
Authors: Zhang Qingxu , Xu Huilong , Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTInfluence of molecular weight of polymer matrix on nanocomposites rheology is not yet well understood. Herein dynamic rheological responses of fumed silica (FS)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanocomposites are investigated as a function of viscosity‐averaged molecular weight (Mη) of PEO, volume fraction (ϕ) and surface characteristics (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) of FS. In the nanocomposites, FS does not influence the glass transition and crystallinity of PEO in the mobile PEO phase while the interfacial interactions tend to immobilize a small fraction of PEO chains that could not undergo glass transition. In spite of the common observation that the reinforcement decreases with increasing Mη of PEO and improving hydrophobicity of FS, linear rheological responses are well reproduced by the two‐phase model, revealing the crucial contribution of the non‐Newtonian matrix undergoing microscopic strain amplified by the filler. Furthermore, nonlinear rheological responses of the nanocomposites are collapsed into master curves plotted against local strain of the matrix. Analyzing the nonlinear rheology by Fourier transform and stress waveform methods reveal the dominating contribution of the matrix and the role of strain amplification played by the filler. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 397–405
Assessing the psychosocial needs of newly diagnosed patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: Identifying factors associated with distress
Authors: Leung Bonnie , Laskin Janessa , Wu Jonn , Bates Alan , Ho Cheryl 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Psychosocial Screen for Cancer (PSSCAN‐R) questionnaire is a validated screening tool used to identify the psychosocial needs of patients with cancer. It assesses patients' perceived social supports and psychosocial needs, and the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study goals were to assess the prevalence and factors associated with distress in patients with newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients with NSCLC referred to BC Cancer centers from 2011 to 2015, who completed a prospective PSSCAN‐R questionnaire at the time of their first visit, were included in the study. Demographics and baseline disease characteristics were collected retrospectively. The chi‐squared test, Fisher exact test, and logistical regression analysis were used to compare factors associated with the presence of distress based on sex, age, stage of disease, and performance status (PS).ResultsA total of 4281 NSCLC patients completed the PSSCAN‐R questionnaire. Baseline characteristics: 70% were greater than or equal to 65, 50% female, 52% metastatic disease, 47% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) greater than or equal to two. Patients who were female, less than 65, have metastatic disease and poor PS were more likely to report subclinical or clinical symptoms of anxiety. Symptoms of depression were associated with younger, female, poor PS patients, and social isolation.ConclusionsNewly diagnosed patients with NSCLC are likely to report clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression and have a high number of concerns in multiple psychosocial domains. Resource development for lung cancer patients should be based on their care needs with careful consideration of patients' age, gender, stage, and social situation to optimally support their psychosocial needs during treatment and follow‐up.
Evaluation of a novel elastic registration algorithm for spinal imaging data: A pilot clinical study
Authors: Rashad Ashkan , Heiland Max , Hiepe Patrick , Nasirpour Alireza , Rendenbach Carsten , Keuchel Jens , Regier Marc , Al‐Dam Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRigid image coregistration is an established technique that allows spatial aligning. However, rigid fusion is prone to deformation of the imaged anatomies. In this work, a novel fully automated elastic image registration method is evaluated.MethodsCervical CT and MRI data of 10 patients were evaluated. The MRI was acquired with the patient in neutral, flexed, and rotated head position. Vertebrawise rigid fusions were performed to transfer bony landmarks for each vertebra from the CT to the MRI space serving as a reference.ResultsElastic fusion of 3D MRI data showed the highest image registration accuracy (target registration error of 3.26 mm with 95% confidence). Further, an elastic fusion of 2D axial MRI data (<4.75 mm with 95% c.) was more reliable than for 2D sagittal sequences (<6.02 mm with 95% c.).ConclusionsThe novel method enables elastic MRI‐to‐CT image coregistration for cervical indications with changes of the head position.
Experiments in feedback linearized iterative learning‐based path following for center‐articulated industrial vehicles
Authors: Dekker Lukas G. , Marshall Joshua A. , Larsson Johan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the design, industrial application, and field testing of a technique for autonomous wheeled‐vehicle path following that uses iterative learning control (ILC) in a feedback linearized space. One advantage of this approach is that ILC is used without having to employ approximate linearization at every time step. The main contribution of this paper is the unique field experiments that used two large industrial‐scale center‐articulated underground mining vehicles. The described field work not only tested the underlying technique on commercial vehicles, but also presents a method for parallel speed learning, wherein the speed is adjusted over subsequent learning trials to improve cycle productivity. Finally, presented are field results for an approach to prelearning through simulation before deployment in the field to reduce the initial path‐following errors.
Revised systematics of Mediterranean Arundo (Poaceae) based on AFLP fingerprints and morphology
Authors: Hardion Laurent , Verlaque Régine , Baumel Alex , Juin Marianick , Vila Bruno 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe systematics of the genus Arundo (Poaceae) remains poorly resolved because of the overlap of morphological characters classically used in the taxonomy of the genus and insufficient variation of DNA sequences. The main aim of this study is to delimit genetic clusters with AFLP fingerprints and to compare them with morphological data. On the basis of extensive sampling in the Mediterranean area, AFLP markers clearly showed five clusters. Despite overlapping values, morphometric analyses strongly confirm these clusters, and new qualitative features allow the recognition of five taxa: the Taiwanese A. formosana, the cosmopolitan A. donax, the circum‐Mediterranean A. micrantha, the Italo‐Balkan A. plinii and the Franco‐Ligurian A. donaciformis (Loisel.) Hardion & al. comb. nov. Additionally, this study shows a correlation between genetic diversity, caryopsis production and ploidy level. However, the lack of genetic diversity for A. micrantha and A. donax in the Mediterranean area remains enigmatic.
How Transnational are Migrants in Switzerland? An Analysis of the Migration-Mobility-Transnationality Nexus
Authors: Crettaz Eric , Dahinden Janine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTransnational studies have been in vogue for the past two decades. Nevertheless, there remain important knowledge gaps concerning migrants’ transnational formations. First, most of the literature relies on qualitative case studies. The few existing quantitative studies have shown that transnationality is far from being a “lifestyle” and that factors other than individual preferences are at play. Second, most studies in this field focus on one nationally defined group, which renders impossible the elaboration of an overall model of transnationality that goes beyond description. Third, few studies have tried to link the question of transnationality simultaneously to migration and mobility. To address these gaps, we propose here an analysis of migrant transnationality based on the Migration-Mobility Survey. We define transnationality along three dimensions. We make a distinction between transnational (pre-and-post-migration) mobilities, network transnationality and transnational belonging. We use regression models and multiple correspondence analysis to identify the prevalence of transnationality and the main determinants of transnational patterns. The analysis confirms the hypothesis that transnationality can be linear – an “automatic effect” of migration – resource-dependent, but also reactive upon discrimination. Migrant transnationality can simultaneously be a sign of possessing high resources – most importantly, in terms of legal capital, education and economic resources – or of discrimination. Furthermore, our analysis brings to light five ideal-typical configurations of what we call the Migration-Mobility-Transnationality Nexus. Our analysis contributes to this book by investigating the Migration-Mobility-Nexus with respect to transnationality, going beyond the normative ideas of migration and mobility by integrating them analytically into one model.