bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating Cancer as an Invasive Species
Authors: Noorbakhsh Javad , Zhao Zi-Ming , Russell James C. , Chuang Jeffrey H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

To cure a patient's cancer is to eradicate invasive cells from the ecosystem of the body. However, the ecologic complexity of this challenge is not well understood. Here we show how results from eradications of invasive mammalian species from islands—one of the few contexts in which invasive species have been regularly cleared—inform new research directions for treating cancer. We first summarize the epidemiologic characteristics of island invader eradications and cancer treatments by analyzing recent datasets from the Database of Invasive Island Species Eradications and The Cancer Genome Atlas, detailing the superior successes of island eradication projects. Next, we compare how genetic and environmental factors impact success in each system. These comparisons illuminate a number of promising cancer research and treatment directions, such as heterogeneity engineering as motivated by gene drives and adaptive therapy; multiscale analyses of how population heterogeneity potentiates treatment resistance; and application of ecological data mining techniques to high-throughput cancer data. We anticipate that interdisciplinary comparisons between tumor progression and invasive species would inspire development of novel paradigms to cure cancer.
Effect of Prior Sternotomy on Outcomes in Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Tsang Darren C. , Perez Adryan A. , Boyle Thomas A. , Carrillo Roger G. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
A history of open-heart surgery has been a heavily debated topic in transvenous lead extraction. This study evaluates the impact of prior sternotomy on transvenous lead extraction outcomes.

Methods:
Data for all patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction at a tertiary referral center were prospectively gathered from 2004 to 2017. Relevant clinical information was compared between patients with a history of sternotomy before transvenous lead extraction and those without. After considering baseline differences, multivariate regression, and propensity-matched analysis were performed. Outcome variables included major and minor complication rates, clinical success, and in-hospital mortality as defined by the 2017 Heart Rhythm Society consensus statement.

Results:

Of 1480 patients in the study period, 455 had a prior sternotomy. When compared with patients with no prior sternotomy, those with prior sternotomy were more likely to be older, male, and present with more comorbidities and leads targeted for extraction. No statistical differences were identified in major and minor complication rates (
P
=0.75,
P
=0.41), clinical success rate (
P
=0.26), and in-hospital mortality (
P
=0.08). In patients with prior sternotomy, there were no instances of pericardial effusion after extraction. Prior sternotomy was not an independent predictor of clinical or procedural outcomes. No associations were elucidated after propensity-matched analysis.

Conclusions:
In a large, single-center series, no differences in clinical or procedural outcomes were elucidated between patients with a history of sternotomy and those without. Patients with sternotomies before lead extraction who experienced vascular or cardiac perforations clinically presented with hemothoraces rather than pericardial effusions.
Association of Long-Term Risk Factor Levels With Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Berry Jarett D. , Mehta Anurag , Lin Kai , Ayers Colby R. , Carroll Timothy , Pandey Ambarish , Garside Daniel B. , Daviglus Martha L. , Yuan Chun , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Absence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in young adulthood is associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear if low RF burden in young adulthood decreases the quantitative burden and qualitative features of atherosclerosis.

Methods:
Multi-contrast carotid magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 440 Chicago Healthy Aging Study participants in 2009 to 2011, whose RF (total cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and smoking) were measured in 1967 to 1973. Participants were divided into 4 groups: low-risk (with total cholesterol <200 mg/dL and no treatment, blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg and no treatment, no smoking, and no diabetes mellitus), 0 high RF but some RF unfavorable (≥1 RF above low-risk threshold but below high-risk threshold), 1 high RF (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or treated, blood pressure ≥140/90 or treated, diabetes mellitus, or smoking), and 2 or more high RF. Association of baseline RF status with carotid atherosclerosis (overall mean carotid wall thickness and lipid-rich necrotic core) at follow-up was assessed.

Results:
Among 424 participants with evaluable carotid magnetic resonance images, the mean age was 32 years at baseline and 73 years at follow-up; 67% were male, 86% white, and 36% were low-risk at baseline. Two or more high RF status was associated with higher carotid wall thickness (0.99±0.11 mm) and lipid-rich necrotic core prevalence (30%), as compared with low-risk group (0.94±0.09 mm and 17%, respectively). Each increment in baseline RF status was associated with higher carotid wall thickness (β-coefficient, 0.015; 95% CI, 0.004–0.026) and with higher lipid-rich necrotic core prevalence at older age (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00–1.58) in models adjusted for baseline RF and demographics.

Conclusions:
RF status in young adulthood is associated with the burden and quality of carotid atherosclerosis in older age suggesting that the decades-long protective effect of low-risk status might be mediated through a lower burden of quantitative and qualitative features of atherosclerotic plaque.
Automated Echocardiographic Quantification of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Without Volume Measurements Using a Machine Learning Algorithm Mimicking a Human Expert
Authors: Asch Federico M. , Poilvert Nicolas , Abraham Theodore , Jankowski Madeline , Cleve Jayne , Adams Michael , Romano Nathanael , Hong Ha , Mor-Avi Victor , Martin Randolph P. , Lang Roberto M. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) relies on either manual or automated identification of endocardial boundaries followed by model-based calculation of end-systolic and end-diastolic LV volumes. Recent developments in artificial intelligence resulted in computer algorithms that allow near automated detection of endocardial boundaries and measurement of LV volumes and function. However, boundary identification is still prone to errors limiting accuracy in certain patients. We hypothesized that a fully automated machine learning algorithm could circumvent border detection and instead would estimate the degree of ventricular contraction, similar to a human expert trained on tens of thousands of images.

Methods:
Machine learning algorithm was developed and trained to automatically estimate LVEF on a database of >50 000 echocardiographic studies, including multiple apical 2- and 4-chamber views (AutoEF, BayLabs). Testing was performed on an independent group of 99 patients, whose automated EF values were compared with reference values obtained by averaging measurements by 3 experts using conventional volume-based technique. Inter-technique agreement was assessed using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Consistency was assessed by mean absolute deviation among automated estimates from different combinations of apical views. Finally, sensitivity and specificity of detecting of EF ≤35% were calculated. These metrics were compared side-by-side against the same reference standard to those obtained from conventional EF measurements by clinical readers.

Results:

Automated estimation of LVEF was feasible in all 99 patients. AutoEF values showed high consistency (mean absolute deviation =2.9%) and excellent agreement with the reference values:
r
=0.95, bias=1.0%, limits of agreement =±11.8%, with sensitivity 0.90 and specificity 0.92 for detection of EF ≤35%. This was similar to clinicians’ measurements:
r
=0.94, bias=1.4%, limits of agreement =±13.4%, sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.87.

Conclusions:
Machine learning algorithm for volume-independent LVEF estimation is highly feasible and similar in accuracy to conventional volume-based measurements, when compared with reference values provided by an expert panel.
Bridging global and local topology in whole-brain networks using the
network statistic jackknife
Authors: Henry Teague
                            R. , Duffy Kelly
                        A. , Rudolph Marc
                            D. , Nebel Mary
                            Beth , Mostofsky Stewart
                            H. , Cohen Jessica
                            R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Whole-brain network analysis is commonly used to investigate the topology of the brain using a variety of neuroimaging modalities. This approach is notable for its applicability to a large number of domains, such as understanding how brain network organization relates to cognition and behavior and examining disrupted brain network organization in disease. A benefit to this approach is the ability to summarize overall brain network organization with a single metric (e.g., global efficiency). However, important local differences in network structure might exist without any corresponding observable differences in global topology, making a whole-brain analysis strategy unlikely to detect relevant local findings. Conversely, using local network metrics can identify local differences, but are not directly informative of differences in global topology. Here, we propose the network statistic (NS) jackknife framework, a simulated lesioning method that combines the utility of global network analysis strategies with the ability to detect relevant local differences in network structure. We evaluate the NS jackknife framework with a simulation study and an empirical example comparing global efficiency in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing (TD) children. The NS jackknife framework has been implemented in a public, open-source R package, netjack, available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=netjack.
Eudémonisme politique et ontologie de l’action dans la Politique d’Aristote (Pol., VII, 3, 1325b14-32)
Authors: Morel Pierre-Marie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the last lines of Politics VII, 3, Aristotle states that the happy city acts nobly. This implies that the city has a practical life, and that this life has its end in itself. This claim seems to contradict the famous distinction, which has been made elsewhere by Aristotle, between the practical and theoretical (or contemplative) lives. It is argued in this paper that there is, here, neither contradiction nor inconsistency in Aristotle’s conception of human action. Some readings, according to which this passage deals with the role of the philosophers in the happy city, are also ruled out. The proposed solution consists in showing that this text refers to a broader conception of action, one that is beyond the sphere of human practical activities: any genuine praxis has its goal in itself, even when it produces external effects.
φύσις, ἔθος, λόγος : comment devient-on vertueux ? Lecture de Politiques, VII, 13
Authors: Gautier Timothée 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In Politics VII, 13, to the question of how one becomes virtuous, Aristotle answers that one acquires virtue through three factors: nature, habit and reason. The purpose of my paper is to examine the process of virtue acquisition in the light of these three concepts, their articulation, and the harmonization of their own dynamics, which Aristotle seems to call his wishes.
Aristotle on the Pleasure of Courage
Authors: Holberg Erica A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Aristotle repeatedly qualifies the pleasure of courageous actions relative to other kinds of virtuous actions. This article argues that the pleasure of courageous actions is qualified because virtuous activity and its pleasure is dependent upon external conditions, and the external conditions of courageous actions are particularly constraining. The article shows that Curzer’s explanation of the qualified pleasure of courageous actions by the presence of pain violates Aristotle’s commitment to virtuous actions as being pleasant by their nature.
A City of Guardians: Refocusing the Aim and Scope of Aristotle’s Critique of Plato’s Republic
Authors: Santoro Alessio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In Politics 2.2-5 Aristotle criticises the state described in Plato’s Republic. The general consensus in the secondary literature (in particular after E. Bornemann) is that Aristotle’s critique is unfair and too narrow in scope. Aristotle unjustifiably ignores significant parts of Plato’s Republic and unreasonably assumes that the community of wives, children and property extends to the whole of Kallipolis. Although R. Mayhew’s defence of Aristotle’s criticism has mitigated this negative assessment, the problem has remained unresolved. This paper questions the traditional view and suggests an explanation of Aristotle’s selective reading of Plato’s Republic. Based on what turns out to be a reasonable interpretation of Plato’s text, Aristotle does not extend Plato’s communism to the whole city, but rather reduces Plato’s city to the community of the guardians. As a result, Aristotle’s arguments in fact hit the mark and present Aristotle as a much fairer reader than is usually acknowledged.
Microlaryngeal Teaching Courses: A National Survey on Prevalence, Value, and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Dhillon Vaninder K. , Dailey Seth H. , Akst Lee M. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To assess the prevalence of microlaryngeal teaching course in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited otolaryngology residency programs in an effort to evaluate the nature, perceived value and barriers to implementation of microlaryngeal courses. Method: A 14-question survey to all ACGME-accredited otolaryngology programs in the United States. Result: Out of 119 ACGME-accredited otolaryngology programs identified on the ACGME Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database, responses were received from 67 programs (56%). Although 90% of respondents indicated that instruction courses in one discipline or another existed at their institution for their otolaryngology residents, only 33% indicated that their program offers a hands-on instruction course in microlaryngeal surgery. Of those programs that offered a microlaryngeal surgery course, 100% felt the residents appreciated the course; 95% of those programs that did not have a course felt their residents would appreciate a microlaryngeal course at their institution if they were able to offer one. Among programs without a microlaryngeal teaching course, the largest perceived barriers were cost and availability of appropriate equipment. Conclusion: Microlaryngeal courses for otolaryngology residency training are limited in availability in the United States, and there is variability in training across the country. All respondents in our survey indicated the value in these courses for microlaryngeal surgical skill training. There is a clear role for increasing availability of low-cost microlaryngeal stations and courses.
Do Labor Values Explain Chinese Prices? Evidence from China’s Input-Output Tables, 1990–2012
Authors: Cheng Han , Li Minqi 
Published: September 2019

We use China’s input-output tables from 1990 to 2012 to study the deviations between labor-value-based direct prices, prices of production, and market prices. We find that the cross-sectional deviations between direct prices and market prices averaged 17–18 percent, and the variations in relative direct prices can explain about 70 percent of the variations in relative market prices over time. Marxian and Sraffian production prices have significantly smaller deviations from market prices. When our study is applied to productive capitalist sectors, the average deviations between direct prices, Marxian prices, Sraffian prices, and market prices are reduced significantly. The results suggest that price theory based on either the Marxian or classical tradition can largely explain observed market prices in the productive capitalist sectors in China. JEL Classification: B51, C67, O53
The Different Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Long-Term Efficacy of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Statin Therapy in Both Asian Diabetic Sexes
Authors: Li Shang-Yi , Chen Hsin-Hung , Lin Cheng-Li , Yeh Su-Yin , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of hydrophilic and lipophilic statin therapy for cardiovascular outcomes in Asian diabetic patients. Method: Newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes during the period from January 2000 to December 2011 were divided into 2 cohorts on the basis of their statin use, namely hydrophilic statin and lipophilic statin. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to analyze the risks of cardiovascular outcomes. Result: In this study, 12 896 patients used statin, including 4259 patients using hydrophilic statin and 8637 patients using lipophilic statin. With 12-year follow-up, higher incidence rate of coronary artery disease and stroke was noted in the lipophilic statin use instead of hydrophilic statin use. Conclusion: According to our long-term cohort study, hydrophilic statin use may be a better choice than lipophilic statin to reduce cardiovascular events in Asian diabetic patients.
Outcomes of open artificial urinary sphincter in women with stress urinary incontinence: long-term follow up
Authors: Tricard Thibault , Jochum Floriane , Bergerat Sébastien , Munier Pierre , Schroeder Alice , Saussine Christian 
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) resulting from intrinsic sphincter deficiency after a follow up of 10 years. Methods: The charts of female patients with moderate-to-severe SUI who underwent open AUS implantation between November 1994 and April 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were operated on by a single experienced surgeon through an open retropubic approach with systematic bladder incision. Primary endpoint was postoperative continence categorized as complete continence (no pads used), improved incontinence, or unchanged incontinence. Results: A total of 63 women (mean age: 58 years, range: 17–82) underwent open AUS implantation. There were seven (11.1%) intraoperative complications. At the last follow up, 26 (41.3%) initial AUSs remained in situ and 21 (33.3%) patients had at least one revision or reimplantation. Of these 47 patients (74.6%), 35 (74.5%) were fully continent, 3 (6.4%) had improved incontinence, and 9 (19.1%) had unchanged incontinence. A total of 20 patients (31.7%) experienced postoperative complications, but only 2 (3.2%) were Clavien ⩾3. After a median follow up of 14 ± 6 years, 20 (31.7%) explantations and 29 (46%) revisions occurred. The average time without explantation or revision was 11.6 and 9 years, respectively. Conclusions: In our experience, AUS is a good option for women with moderate to severe SUI, with good long-term outcomes.
Feline foamy virus seroprevalence and demographic risk factors in stray domestic cat populations in Colorado, Southern California and Florida, USA
Authors: Kechejian Sarah , Dannemiller Nick , Kraberger Simona , Ledesma Feliciano Carmen , Löchelt Martin , Carver Scott , VandeWoude Sue 
Published: September 2019

Objectives Our study aim was to document the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of feline foamy virus (FFV) infection in domestic cat populations presented to animal shelters located in Southern California, Colorado and Florida, USA. Methods We used a glutathione S-transferase capture ELISA targeting the FFV Gag antigen to screen domestic cat serum collected from cats with unknown owners at eight different animal shelters from Colorado (n = 105, three shelters), Southern California (n = 172, three shelters) and Florida (n = 31, two shelters). χ2 statistics determined location effect on seroprevalence. Bayesian generalized linear models were used to explore age and sex as potential risk factors for infection. Results FFV seroprevalence was 64.0% across all locations. Seroprevalence by location was as follows: Southern California 75.0%, Colorado 52.4% and Florida 41.9%, with Southern California’s seroprevalence being significantly higher. Age had a significant effect on model fit for all locations, with adults having a higher probability of being infected. In Colorado, sex also had a significant effect on model fit, with males having a higher probability of being infected. Conclusions and relevance We have documented that FFV is extremely common in stray domestic cat populations across varied geographic and ecological niches throughout the USA. Adult cats are at a higher FFV infection risk than young cats. FFV has been associated with a higher risk of other retroviral infections and has been implicated in several chronic diseases of cats. Additional epidemiological and clinical studies are warranted to investigate the potential impacts of FFV on domestic cat health.
Employee stock ownership plan and stock price crash risk
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Bao , Yu Shangyao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper examines whether the announcement of an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) affects stock price crash risk and the mechanism by which the ESOP may influence crash risk, using a sample of Chinese A-share firms from the period 2014 to 2017. We provide evidence that an ESOP announcement is significantly and negatively related to a firm’s stock price crash risk. An ESOP announcement sends positive signals to the market that insiders are optimistic about a firm’s future value, which helps enhance investor confidence, resist the pressure for a fire sale caused by negative information disclosure, and reduce stock price crash risk. Further research shows that larger-scale, lower-priced and non-leveraged ESOPs are more helpful in reducing crash risk. This paper sheds lights on the impact of ESOPs in a volatile market environment. It also contributes to firms’ implementation of ESOPs and the development of the legal system in capital markets.