bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEGIS - GIS za zdravje in okolje
Authors: Fatur Tadeja , Dodič Fikfak Metoda 
Published: December 2018

Geografski informacijski sistem, ki združuje podatke s področja zdravstva in okolja (HEGIS), bi olajšal raziskovanje ter načrtovanje in izvajanje politike v javnem zdravstvu in pri varstvu okolja. Slovenija je na začetku uvajanja tega informacijskega sistema.
Genetic characterization of Markhoz goat breed using microsatellite markers
Authors: Asroush Fariborz , Mirhoseini Seyed-Ziaeddin , Badbarin Nejat , Seidavi Alireza , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Laudadio Vito , Dario Cataldo , Selvaggi Maria 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The use of molecular markers can support the management of endangered populations and should be combined with appropriate breeding strategies to improve productive traits avoiding the decline of the breed. The genetic variability at 10 microsatellite loci were investigated in a sample of 100 unrelated Markhoz goats (77 females and 23 males). The investigated population was reared at the Sanandaj Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Kurdistan, Iran. Markhoz goat, a multipurpose breed, is one of the most valuable genetic resources in Iran. All the studied loci were found to be polymorphic and a total number of 52 alleles were identified with an average number of alleles of 5.2. Moreover, some population genetic indices, such as observed and expected heterozygosity, observed and expected number of alleles, Shannon's index, Nei's expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were also calculated. Despite the decreasing population size, Markhoz goat genetic diversity is still conserved. The breed seems to have a good level of genetic variability and, as a consequence, a potential margin of adaptability to environment and for future genetic improvement.
VOLUME ESTIMATION FROM SINGLE IMAGES: AN APPLICATION TO PANCREATIC ISLETS
Authors: Dvořák Jiří , Švihlík Jan , Kybic Jan , Radochová Barbora , Janáček Jiří , Kukal Jaromír , Borovec Jiří , Habart David 
Published: December 2018

The present paper deals with the problem of volume estimation of individual objects from a single 2D view. Our main application is volume estimation of pancreatic (Langerhans) islets and the single 2D view constraint comes from the time and equipment limitations of the standard clinical procedure.Two main approaches are followed in this paper. First, two regression-based methods are proposed, using a set of simple shape descriptors of the segmented image of the islet. Second, two example-based methods are proposed, based on a database of islets with known volume. For training and evaluation, islet volumes were determined by OPT microscopy and a semi-automatical stereological volume estimation using the so-called Fakir probes.The performance of the single image volume estimation methods is studied on a set of 99 islets from human donors. Further experiments were also performed on a stone dataset and on synthetic 3D shapes, generated using a flexible stochastic particle model. The proposed methods are fast and the experimental results show that in most situations the proposed methods perform significantly better than the methods currently used in clinical practice, which are based on simple spherical or ellipsoidal models.
Perfil do vento e estabilidade atmosférica próxima da superfície no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara
Authors: Ramos Diogo Nunes da Silva , Fisch Gilberto , Fernandez Julio Pablo Reyes 
Published: December 2018

Wind and atmospheric stability are fundamental for aerospace research and development activities at the Alcântara Launch Center, situated in the Maranhão Brazilian state. The physical processes related to these meteorological parameters during the dry season are well known. However, there is still gap concerning the rainy season. The data obtained in the anemometric tower are here studied considering vertical profiles of wind and temperature, and the Richardson bulk number. The mechanical characteristics showed weaker vertical gradient during the daytime-nighttime transition. A primary reason of that behaviour is the sea breeze from 60 m height of the tower. Those near-surface winds are more intense at night in the rainy season. As expected, the surface layer tends to be statically neutral throughout the daytime cycle in the dry season. Meanwhile, this stability classification was seen more frequently at the nighttime in the rainy season. Rainfall events along wet months were typically nocturnal. The deeper convective cells and its derived downdrafts help to understand this behavior. Due to -40% precipitation anomaly reported in this rainy season, these results may have been a direct response to this condition. In future studies, turbulent measurements are required to investigate how the thermodynamic and mechanical pertubations interacts with the rainfall stability patterns during the wet season.
Working with time in contemporary families
Authors: Hachet Benoît , Marchand Aaron 
Published: December 2018

Research Framework:The renewed interest of sociologists for the temporal aspects of social activity offers enlightening perspectives on the functioning of family groups. Social time imposes a framework for the coordination of activities by differing family members, and, like a timespan, it offers the possibility of multiple narrations in the ‘future’. For families, time is both a constraint as well as a resource.Aims:The introduction of this issue of “Family Times” uses the plural to highlight the irreducibility of time to a single dimension, which also begs two questions. How Does Time Build Families? How Do Families Build Time?Methodology: The discussions raised in the introduction to this work show that the sociology of time can shed light on family practices, using both a synchronic and diachronic approach, for the entire group as well as for its constituting members.Results:The temporality of education, like professional activities, constitute a socio-temporal framework which is imposed on families as well as the necessity of building an adapted organizational calendar to best prepare for the future. Adoption levels vary according to social and physical constraints of time depending on gender and social environments. Women play a key role in the organization of family time and the transmission of temporal know how.Conclusions: Time is not an external environment wherein individual and familial activities occur. Family members work time differently, whether separately or together, they fulfil the objectives of reproduction and physical and social aims in a manner which is either strategic and well-planned or opportunistic and scattered. Family time is not only experienced, it is also acted upon.Contribution: In addition to making a contribution to the temporal analysis of family dynamics, this introduction opens rarely explored pathways into how families work the different times that shape them
Importance of Coping in the Relationship Between Executive Function and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Grech Lisa B. , Kiropoulos Litza A. , Kirby Katherine M. , Butler Ernest , Paine Mark , Hester Robert 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Maximizing quality of life (QOL) for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary focus of health care management professionals. Research has shown a relationship between QOL and a person's coping style and that coping provides an indirect link between cognition and stress, depression, and anxiety in MS. This research assessed whether coping moderates or mediates the relationship between executive function and QOL in people with MS.

Methods:
We assessed 107 people with relapsing-remitting (n = 83) or secondary progressive (n = 24) MS using executive function tasks and self-report coping and QOL inventories.

Results:
Coping strategies that mediated the relationship between executive function and QOL in people with MS included behavioral disengagement, acceptance, growth, and religion, while moderating strategies were denial, active, religion, adaptive, and total coping indices. Less cognitively demanding coping strategies that were related to increased QOL in people with poorer executive function included acceptance, growth, and religion, and maladaptive strategies associated with poorer QOL were behavioral disengagement and denial.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that lessening avoidant coping strategies and strengthening use of less cognitively demanding adaptive coping strategies may improve QOL in people with MS who experience deficits in executive function. Consideration should be given to the development of psychoeducation and interventions with this focus.
Arkeologiske utgravninger på Storsteinneset, Sør-Varanger k. Finnmark 2004
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Report (in Norwegian) of research excavation of three house-pits at Storsteinneset, Pasvik, Sør-Varanger municipality, Finnmark, Norway. Description of methods, observations and analyses results (AMS dates). Including selected photos. References to field drawings kept at Tromsø University Museum. Related publications:Skandfer, M. 2012. " Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176 (2017-06-12)Skandfer, M. and Bruun, I. 2006 ”De eldste husene i Pasvik.” Varanger årbok 2006, pp. 106-117.
Láksjohka, Tana kommune, Finnmark 2006
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Excavation report (in Norwegian) from Láksjohka, Deatnu/Tana municipality, Finnmark. Includes background, methods, observations, interpretations and AMS dates.Related publications:Skandfer, M. 2012 "Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176Skandfer, M. and Bruun, I. M. 2004 "”De eldste husene i Pasvik.” Varanger årbok 2006, pp. 106-117. Report from the same site 2004: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4312Report from the same site 2007: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4334
ID169787-2 tuft overfor Jergul, Karasjok k., Finnmark. Rapport fra prøvegraving 2013
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Excavation report (in Norwegian). Small-scale excavation of house-pit. An oval, 4,5 x 3,7 m, shallow house-pit was test-excavated by a 0,5 x 0,5 m field in the middle of the floor area. Several layers of charcoal, partly separated by sand-layser were observed in an assumed central hearth. No hearth-stones or finds. RAdiocarbon dates point to at least two separate use-phases, one in the Late Atone Age c. 3800 BC) and one in the early Medieval period. A date from a previous test-pit could represent a third, intercepting, dwelling episode, alternatively a mixing of the two stratigraphically separable layers. A stone-lined hearth situated outside the house-pit was dated to 1880-1690 BC, i.e. Early Metal Age. Related publication:Blankholm, H. P. and Skandfer, M. (in press) House Pits in the Northern Interior. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4324http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4336
Láksjohka, Deatnu g./Tana k., Finnmark Rapport fra arkeologisk utgravning 25.–29.06.2007
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Excavation report from Stone Age dwelling site with house-pits.Related publications:Report from the same site 2004: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4312Report from the same site 2006: http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4313Skandfer, M. 2012. " Change and Recollection: House Structures and Social Identification in Finnmark, Artic Norway 2400 BC - AD 300." In Damm, Charlotte and Saarikiivi, Janne (eds.): Networks, Interaction and Emerging Identities in Fennoscandia and Beyond. Papers from the Conference held in Tromsø, Norway, October 13-16 2009. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Finno-Ugrian Society 2012 pp. 155-176 (2017-06-12)
Registreringer i Karasjok kommune, Finnmark, 2013. Rapport fra feltarbeid
Authors: Skandfer Marianne , Hood Bryan 
Published: December 2018

Archaeological survey report. Related publication: Skandfer, M., Hood, B. and Sommerseth, I. LARM Investigations in Inner Finnmark 1: The Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8)Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4330http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4328
Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Biswas Partha P. , Suganthan Ponnuthurai N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany computational techniques have been known for years to solve multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, the nature ofMOPs has been changing and many more large‐scale multimodalMOPs, computationally expensiveMOPs, dynamicMOPs, noisyMOPs, and so on are introduced in multiobjective optimization domain. The researchers are thus inspired to look beyond the conventional approaches and focus more on evolutionary optimization techniques. The developments in the field of evolutionary algorithm (EA) in last few decades makeEAan effective tool to apply to complexMOPs. This article provides an overview of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), different frameworks ofMOEAs, and the application ofMOEAs to variousMOPs. Performance indicators forMOEAs and some visualization methods in many‐objective optimization problems are also briefly mentioned in this article.
Nutrient Dynamics in Wheat
Authors: Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Buchner Peter , Riche Andrew B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNutrients are taken up by plant roots in a regulated manner and are then distributed around the plant according to demand. As the plant develops and matures, requirements will change and new sinks for nutrients will replace old. In the case of wheat, the developing grain replaces the canopy as the major sink. Hence, nutrient allocation is a dynamic phenomenon, achieved by nutrient recycling and linked to processes of development including senescence. The effectiveness of these processes strongly influences performance and quality, particularly grain protein and mineral nutrient content, which are important health and quality attributes of the seeds. The effective reuse of nutrients is an essential contributor to nutrient use efficiency, an important sustainability trait. Movement of nutrients is achieved by multiple large gene families encoding for transporters, each family usually specific for transporting individual substrates, but often with family members showing varied distribution and regulatory patterns. There are observed interactions between nutrients resulting in coordinated accumulation within the plant.Cycling of nutrients refers to the process of internal movements of nutrients between cells, compartments, and organs or their reuse in metabolic processes. It may also refer to processes occurring within the ecosystem including cycling in the soil and between soil and crop. In this article, emphasis is placed on initial uptake and use of nutrients by the wheat plant and the recycling and partitioning of these nutrients to grain tissues.
Multiaxial and Transparent Strain Sensors Based on Synergetically Reinforced and Orthogonally Cracked Hetero‐Nanocrystal Solids
Authors: Lee Woo Seok , Kim Donggyu , Park Byeonghak , Joh Hyungmok , Woo Ho Kun , Hong Yun‐Kun , Kim Tae‐il , Ha Don‐Hyung , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWearable strain sensors are widely researched as core components in electronic skin. However, their limited capability of detecting only a single axial strain, and their low sensitivity, stability, opacity, and high production costs hinder their use in advanced applications. Herein, multiaxially highly sensitive, optically transparent, chemically stable, and solution‐processed strain sensors are demonstrated. Transparent indium tin oxide and zinc oxide nanocrystals serve as metallic and insulating components in a metal–insulator matrix and as active materials for strain gauges. Synergetic sensitivity‐ and stability‐reinforcing agents are developed using a transparent SU‐8 polymer to enhance the sensitivity and encapsulate the devices, elevating the gauge factor up to over 3000 by blocking the reconnection of cracks caused by the Poisson effect. Cross‐shaped patterns with an orthogonal crack strategy are developed to detect a complex multiaxial strain, efficiently distinguishing strains applied in various directions with high sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, all‐transparent wearable strain sensors with Ag nanowire electrodes are fabricated using an all‐solution process, which effectively measure not only the human motion or emotion, but also the multiaxial strains occurring during human motion in real time. The strategies can provide a pathway to realize cost‐effective and high‐performance wearable sensors for advanced applications such as bio‐integrated devices.
Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by the Integration of Nonfullerene and Fullerene Acceptors with a Broad Composition Tolerance
Authors: Fu Huiting , Li Chao , Bi Pengqing , Hao Xiaotao , Liu Feng , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui , Sun Yanming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ternary structure that combines fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors in a photoactive layer is demonstrated as an effective approach for boosting the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, highly efficient ternary OSCs comprising a wide‐bandgap polymer donor (PBT1‐C), a narrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor (IT‐2F), and a typical fullerene derivative (PC71BM) are reported. It is found that the addition of PC71BM into the PBT1‐C:IT‐2F blend not only increases the device efficiency up to 12.2%, but also improves the ambient stability of the OSCs. Detailed investigations indicate that the improvement in photovoltaic performance benefits from synergistic effects of increased photon‐harvesting, enhanced charge separation and transport, suppressed trap‐assisted recombination, and optimized film morphology. Moreover, it is noticed that such a ternary system exhibits excellent tolerance to the PC71BM component, for which PCEs over 11.2% can be maintained throughout the whole blend ratios, higher than that (11.0%) of PBT1‐C:IT‐2F binary reference device.
Quantitative High‐Dynamic‐Range Electron Diffraction of Polar Nanodomains in Pb2ScTaO6
Authors: Peters Jonathan J. P. , Sanchez Ana M. , Walker David , Whatmore Roger , Beanland Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHighly B‐site ordered Pb2ScTaO6 crystals are studied as a function of temperature via dielectric spectroscopy and in situ high‐dynamic‐range electron diffraction. The degree of ordering is examined on the local and macroscopic scale and is determined to be 76%. Novel analysis of the electron diffraction patterns provides structural information with two types of antiferroelectric displacements determined to be present in the polar structure. It is then found that a low‐temperature transition occurs on cooling at ≈210 K that is not present on heating. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the freezing of dynamic polar nanodomains where a high density of domain walls creates a metastable state.
Recent Advances on Diverse Decarboxylative Reactions of Amino Acids
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Mukherjee Anindita , Kovalev Igor S. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Tsurkan Mikhail V. , Majee Adinath , Ranu Brindaban C. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Santra Sougata 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis review aims to report recent advances on decarboxylative reactions of amino acids catalyzed by transition metals or non‐metals and the growing opportunities they present in the construction of complex chemical scaffolds for applications encompassing natural product synthesis, synthetic methodology development, and functional materials. Different decarboxylative reactions have been highlighted such as radical, photoredox and metal and metal‐free coupling reactions. etc. The review is divided into two main sections: one deals with reactions via radical pathways and the other via azomethine ylide pathways. The reactions have been discussed in more detail with particular emphasis on their useful applications and mechanistic illustrations.Abbreviations: 1,3‐DCB: 1,3‐dicyanobenzene; 1,4‐DCB: 1,4‐dicyanobenzene; Acr: acridinium; BI: benziodoxolone; Boc: tert‐butoxycarbonyl; CB: conduction band; CBX: cyanobenziodoxolone; CFL: compact fluorescent lamp; DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene; DCA: 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene; DCB: 1,2‐dichlorobenzene; DCE: 1,2‐dichloroethane; DDDS: bis(4‐chlorophenyl) disulfide; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; DMA: N,N‐dimethylacetamide; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; dtbbpy: 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine; DTBP: di‐tert‐butyl peroxide; equiv.: equivalent; ET: electron transfer; h: hour; HE: Hantzsch ester; LED: light‐emitting diode; min: minutes; mL: millilitre; MS: molecular sieves; MW: microwave; nm: nanometer; NS: nanosphere; Nu: nucleophile; ODCB: o‐dichlorobenzene; PA‐1: (±)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate; PC: photocatalyst; PET: photoinduced electron transfer; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PG: protecting group; Phen: phenanthrene; PTA: phosphotungstic acid 44‐hydrate; RNA: ribonucleic acid; r.t.: room temperature; SET: single‐electron transfer; TBAI: tetrabutylammonium iodide; TBHP: tert‐butyl hydroperoxide; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TMEDA: N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine; TS: transition state; UV: ultraviolet; VB: valence band; W: watt.magnified image
Extreme cold consistently reduces seedling growth but has species‐specific effects on browse tolerance in summer
Authors: Guiden Peter W. , Connolly Brian M. , Orrock John L. 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyExtreme weather events can injure plants, causing decreased survival. However, we may underestimate the ecological importance of extreme events if they have strong sublethal effects that manifest after several months. We tested the hypothesis that late‐winter extreme‐cold events decrease the ability of woody plants to grow and tolerate stem removal in summer.MethodsSeedlings from four temperate tree species (Abies balsamea, Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, Quercus rubra) were acclimated to winter conditions in growth chambers, and experienced 1 week of warm temperatures before being exposed to one of three 24‐h extreme‐cold events (minimum temperature: 8°C control, −8°C, or −16°C). Seedlings were then transferred to a greenhouse where we monitored survival and growth. Three months after the extreme‐cold event, we mimicked an herbivore attack by removing either 25% or 75% of new stem growth from seedlings of two species (P. resinosa, Q. rubra).Key ResultsWhile extreme cold had no immediate effect on seedling survival, the coldest temperature treatment reduced stem growth 51% relative to controls. Stem removal decreased P. resinosa survival in the −16°C treatment, but stem removal treatment had no effect on P. resinosa survival in the intermediate −8°C treatment or 8°C control. Stem removal did not alter Q. rubra survival.ConclusionsEphemeral late‐winter cold temperatures can have unappreciated effects on growing‐season seedling dynamics, including growth and herbivory. For predicting how extreme‐cold events might alter large‐scale patterns of tree distribution, seedlings should be monitored throughout the growing season following extreme late‐winter frosts.