bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutathione from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as By-Product of Second Generation Bioethanol from Oil Palm of Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber
Authors: Sudiyani Yanni , Faizal F A , Muryanto  , Firmansyah I , Setiawan A A R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Glutathione is an antioxidant agent can be applied in various fields such as pharmacy, cosmetic, foodstuff and another field. The objective of this research is to obtained glutathione from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation waste as by product of second generation of bioethanol (G2). After bioethanol process for 72h, centrifuge method was used to separate the yeast cells from residual fermentation broth of bioethanol. The yeast cells were extracted by maceration method using variation solvent with 25% ethanol solvent, 40% ethanol in water, H3PO4 0.1 M and Phosphate Buffer pH 7.2. Glutathione concentration was tested with alloxan method using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and characterization using LC-MS. The result showed fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)15% obtained ethanol 39 g/L and total cell after 72 h showed 2.15 x 108. The highest glutathione concentration had obtained from phosphate buffer pH 7.2 with extraction time 90 min which is equal 1449.52 mg/L.
Identification of Diseases in Rice Plants Using the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Method
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Mursyidah  , Fajri Muchsin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rice plants (Oryza sativa, sp) are a staple food raw material that is vital for the people of Indonesia. Rice plants are included as a year / annual plant group. The management of rice plants is an innovative and dynamic approach in increasing the production and opinion of farmers through assembling technological components in a participatory manner with farmers. For this reason, appropriate technology facilities are needed that can be used by farmers in determining the type of leaf disease that burns during the growing period of rice so that it can increase production. This study aims to apply the Gray level Co-Occurrence Matrix method to produce feature values on rice leaves. Differences in the patterns of rice leaves are used by identifying each rice leaf pattern, which results in the type of leaf disease burning through the rice leaf pattern. In this study, the accuracy of this system was obtained at 72.5%.
Use of Algorithm Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) on the TOEFL Test Application
Authors: Mahdi  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
English as one of the languages most used by the world’s population to communicate. The English language proficiency testing model for one of them is the TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language). TOEFL is intended as a measuring tool or evaluation of a person’s ability to understand English. The use of internet technology advances in developing TOEFL learning media can provide other alternatives in studying the TOEFL. The existence of this website is expected to provide various facilities for the public, especially internet users in studying the TOEFL, so that the TOEFL is no longer an obstacle and can encourage someone’s interest in learning English. The web-based TOEFL application system can provide all types of information needed as well as the process of listing examinees, recapitating participant data and printing certificates in a structured manner. The method used in this application to scramble the problem is the Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) method which can produce a series of pseudo random numbers based on several adjusted repetitions.
A Guideline of Ultrasonic Inspection on Butt Welded Plates
Authors: Burhan Ibrahim , Mutaiyah Gopinathan , Hashim Dina Izzati , Loganathan Tamil Moli , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper explained the procedure to carry out the ultrasonic inspection for single and double-V butt welded plates in detail by including the calculation of skip distance, stand-off, interpretation from plotting system, and the preparation of full inspection report as well. In addition, few inspections were compared on butt welded plate single and double-V to determine which is the most suitable, accurate and precise reading obtained. The comparisons were made between scheme answer from Sirim inspector, X-ray film, data that obtained from ultrasonic inspection and calculation by mathematical formulas and using plotting system. Mathematical formulas and plotting system was utilized to obtained the distance of stand-off (Soff) and skip distance, (Smax) whereas the plotting system were applied to locate the defects based on their S max and S off, and also to determine the depth, d and radius, r. The defects of single-V and double-V butt welding inspected by the ultrasonic technique were then compared with those obtained from the radiographic film while a good agreement was observed. However, the ultrasonic inspection proved to be much more sensitive than the radiographic inspection.
Semi-automatic method for segmentation of the internal jugular vein in ultrasound movies evaluated at different body postures
Authors: Westlund Arvid , Holmlund Petter , Johansson Elias , Malm Jan , Eklund Anders 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective: The collapse of the internal jugular vein (IJV) regulates intracranial pressure (ICP) in upright body positions. The cross-section area (CSA) is therefore of interest when studying the effects of postural changes in various neurological diseases. We have developed a semi-automatic segmentation method, which tracks the CSA of the IJV in ultrasound movies, and evaluated its performance in three body positions (supine, 16°, 71°). Approach: The proposed method utilized post-processing image filtering combined with a modified snake active contour algorithm. The ultrasound movies were retrospectively analysed (n = 231, 3s, 28 fps) based on previously collected data from 17 healthy volunteers. The computed CSAs (CA) from the segmentation method were compared to manually segmented CSAs (MA) in two frames per movie. Tracking performance were evaluated by visual inspection. Main results: In the supine position, 100% of the ultrasound movies were tracked successfully, and the mean of CA-MA was −4.4 ± 6.9 mm2 (MA, 88.4 ± 50.5 mm2). The most challenging movies occurred in upright body posture where tracking success rate was 90% and mean of CA-MA was −1.4 ± 2.2 mm2 (MA, 12.0 ± 11.1 mm2). The semi-automatic segmentations took 55 s to perform on average (per movie) compared to manual segmentations which took 50 min. Significance: Segmentations made by the proposed method were comparable to manual segmentations in all tilt-angles, however much faster. Efficient and accurate tracking of the CSA of the IJV, with respect to postural changes, could help furthering our understanding of how IJV-biomechanics relates to regulation of intracranial pressure in different neurological diseases and physiological states.
SIGN: similarity identification in gene expression
Authors: Madani Tonekaboni Seyed Ali , Manem Venkata Satya Kumar , El-Hachem Nehme , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Motivation
High-throughput molecular profiles of human cells have been used in predictive computational approaches for stratification of healthy and malignant phenotypes and identification of their biological states. In this regard, pathway activities have been used as biological features in unsupervised and supervised learning schemes.

Results
We developed SIGN (Similarity Identification in Gene expressioN), a flexible open-source R package facilitating the use of pathway activities and their expression patterns to identify similarities between biological samples. We defined a new measure, the transcriptional similarity coefficient, which captures similarity of gene expression patterns, instead of quantifying overall activity, in biological pathways between the samples. To demonstrate the utility of SIGN in biomedical research, we establish that SIGN discriminates subtypes of breast tumors and patients with good or poor overall survival. SIGN outperforms the best models in DREAM challenge in predicting survival of breast cancer patients using the data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium. In summary, SIGN can be used as a new tool for interrogating pathway activity and gene expression patterns in unsupervised and supervised learning schemes to improve prognostic risk estimation for cancer patients by the biomedical research community.

Availability and implementation
An open-source R package is available (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SIGN/).
Within-cluster resampling for multilevel models under informative cluster size
Authors: Lee D , Kim J K , Skinner C J 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA within-cluster resampling method is proposed for fitting a multilevel model in the presence of informative cluster size. Our method is based on the idea of removing the information in the cluster sizes by drawing bootstrap samples which contain a fixed number of observations from each cluster. We then estimate the parameters by maximizing an average, over the bootstrap samples, of a suitable composite loglikelihood. The consistency of the proposed estimator is shown and does not require that the correct model for cluster size is specified. We give an estimator of the covariance matrix of the proposed estimator, and a test for the noninformativeness of the cluster sizes. A simulation study shows, as in Neuhaus & McCulloch (2011), that the standard maximum likelihood estimator exhibits little bias for some regression coefficients. However, for those parameters which exhibit nonnegligible bias, the proposed method is successful in correcting for this bias.
Population genomic evidence for radiative divergence of four Orychophragmus (Brassicaceae) species in eastern Asia
Authors: Zhong Linling , Liu Huanhuan , Ru Dafu , Hu Huan , Hu Quanjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRadiation rather than bifurcating divergence has been inferred through a number of phylogenetic analyses using different DNA fragments. However, such inferences have rarely been tested by examining alternative hypotheses based on population genomic data. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of 32 individuals from 13 populations of four Orychophragmus spp. (Brassicaceae) to investigate their divergence history. Cluster and population structure analyses recovered four distinct genetic clusters without any genetic mixture. Most orthologous genes produced unresolved bifurcating interspecific relationships with a star phylogeny. The resolved gene trees were highly inconsistent with each another in reconstructing interspecific relationships. Population genomic analyses suggested unexpectedly high genetic divergence and a lack of gene flow between the four species. We examined radiation vs. bifurcating divergence between these four species based on coalescent modelling tests of population genomic data. Our statistical tests supported a radiation of these species from a common ancestor at almost the same time, rejecting stepwise bifurcating interspecific divergence with time. This nearly simultaneous radiation was dated to the Quaternary, during which climate changes are suggested to have promoted species diversity in eastern Asia. Our results highlight the importance of population genomic data and statistical tests in deciphering interspecific relationships and tracing the divergence histories of closely related species.
Differential association of diabetes mellitus and female sex with impaired myocardial flow reserve across the spectrum of epicardial coronary disease
Authors: Wu Kai Yi , Timmerman Nicholas P , McPhedran Rachel , Hossain Alomgir , Beanlands Rob S B , Chong Aun-Yeong , deKemp Robert A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the macro- and microvasculature, leading to impairment in coronary vascular reactivity. Microvascular dysfunction is more prevalent in females compared to males, leading to increased cardiovascular risk in women. The purpose of this study was to quantify the association between diabetes and female sex on myocardial flow reserve (MFR) across the spectrum of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
In 222 patients with known or suspected CAD (63.7 ± 10.7 years, 66 females, 85 with diabetes) who had rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (PET) and invasive coronary angiography within 6 months, a multiple linear regression model was developed to predict MFR based on clinical risk factors and imaging results across a spectrum of regional epicardial disease. A significant interaction effect suggested that impairment of MFR is accelerated in diabetics with increasing severity of epicardial disease. Furthermore, female sex (−13%), decade of age (−6%), ischaemia on electrocardiogram (−10%), resting rate-pressure product (−3%), and rest end-diastolic volume (−0.2%) were associated with reductions in MFR independent of the combined extent and severity of epicardial disease.

Conclusion
In the presence of significant obstructive epicardial disease, MFR decreases more rapidly in patients with DM compared to those without. Additional patient demographics and risk factors such as female sex and older age, and stress PET functional parameters should also be considered in the clinical interpretation of MFR. This has implications for the diagnosis and management of CAD patients with these and other risk factors for microvascular disease.
Detection of unexpected ischaemia due to left main disease during tele-rehabilitation using 12-lead electrocardiogram monitoring: a case report
Authors: Katzburg Sara , Dor-Haim Horesh , Weiss Abraham Teddy , Leibowitz David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces mortality and improves quality of life. Unfortunately, participation in CR remains low and studies have examined the use of home-based tele-monitoring to improve participation in CR. These studies generally utilized single- or three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) channels with limited sensitivity to detect ischaemic changes. In this report, we describe detection of unexpected, significant left main coronary disease in a patient participating in a home CR programme using a unique 12-lead ECG monitoring system.

Case summary
A 68-year-old man was referred for CR after acute coronary syndrome and stent implantation to the obtuse marginal. Three months following this intervention, he began complaining of chest pain. Repeat coronary angiogram showed a borderline lesion in the left main not felt to be clinically significant. The patient performed CR and was monitored with the Master Caution® System, a digital platform including a garment with 10 textile electrodes (Master Caution garment) configuring a device which enables 12 lead ECG. While being monitored, the ECG technician detected 1–2 mm ST-depression in leads 1, L V2–V5. The patient was asymptomatic at the time the ST-depressions were noted. Repeat angiography revealed a significant increase in the severity of the left main lesion and the patient was referred for bypass surgery.

Discussion
This life-threatening diagnosis could easily have been missed using conventional ECG monitoring and our case demonstrates the potential clinical utility of tele-monitoring with a 12-lead digital home ECG monitoring device.
Integrals Derived from the Doubling Method
Authors: Ginzburg David , Soudry David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this note, we use a basic identity, derived from the generalized doubling integrals of [2], in order to explain the existence of various global Rankin–Selberg integrals for certain $L$-functions. To derive these global integrals, we use the identities relating Eisenstein series in [11], together with the process of exchanging roots. We concentrate on several well-known examples, and explain how to obtain them from the basic identity. Using these ideas, we also show how to derive a new global integral.
Reproductive and Environmental Drivers of Time and Activity Budgets of Striped Skunks
Authors: Zhang V Y , Williams C T , Theimer T C , Buck C Loren 
Published: June 2019

Synopsis
The regulation of daily and circannual activity patterns is an important mechanism by which animals may balance energetic requirements associated with both abiotic and biotic variables. Using collar-mounted accelerometers, we assess the relative importance of reproductive stage and environmental conditions on the overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) of free-living striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). We found that activity timing relative to photoperiod varied across seasonal stages for both sexes. Surprisingly, male skunks did not commence activity earlier than females during the mating interval. Moreover, while female skunks began activity before dusk and terminated activity after dawn during mid- through late summer (lactation period), the duration of activity bouts in females during this period was not different from other seasons. Both male and female skunks exhibited high variability and fragmentation in daily activity rhythms except during the lactation period, when females appear to switch to prolonged bouts of nocturnal activity. Overall, ODBA varied by season and sex, with changes in ODBA indicative of seasonal reproductive requirements such as conspecific competition for mates in males and lactation in females. Weather conditions had little effect on skunk activity levels except during the winter season, when snow cover and temperature negatively influenced daily ODBA. Taken together, the activity patterns of striped skunks appear to be primarily driven by seasonal investment in reproduction and secondarily by thermoregulatory constraints during the non-winter months. Our results highlight the importance of considering how environmental and reproductive drivers may interact to affect activity across both the daily and seasonal cycle.
Effects of dietary roughage neutral detergent fiber levels and flint corn processing method on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and rumen morphometrics of Bos indicus cattle1
Authors: de Melo Antonio Humberto F , Marques Rodrigo S , Gouvêa Vinícius N , de Souza Jonas , Batalha Camila D A , Basto Débora C , Millen Danilo D , Drouillard James S , Santos Flávio A P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Flint corn processing method [coarse ground corn (CGC; 3.2 mm average particle size) or steam-flaked corn (SFC; 0.360 kg/L flake density)] was evaluated in conjunction with 4 levels of NDF from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as roughage source (RNDF; 4%, 7%, 10%, and 13%; DM basis) to determine impact on growth performance, carcass characteristics, starch utilization, feeding behavior, and rumen morphometrics of Bos indicus beef cattle. Two hundred and forty Nellore bulls were blocked by initial BW (350 ± 37 kg), assigned to 32 feedlot pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (2 corn processing and 4 levels of RNDF) to treatments. Effects of corn grain processing × RNDF level were not detected (P ≥ 0.14) for growth performance, dietary net energy concentration, carcass traits, rumen morphometrics, and feeding behavior, except for time spent ruminating and time spent resting (P ≤ 0.04), and a tendency for papillae width (P ≤ 0.09). Bulls fed SFC-based diets consumed 7% less (P = 0.001), had 10.6% greater carcass-adjusted ADG (P < 0.001) and 19% greater carcass-adjusted feed efficiency (P < 0.001) compared with bulls fed CGC-based diets. Observed net energy for maintenance and gain values were 14.9% and 19.4% greater (P < 0.001), respectively, for SFC than for CGC-based diets. Fecal starch concentration was less (P < 0.001) for bulls fed SFC compared with those fed CGC. No grain processing effects were detected (P = 0.51) for rumenitis score; however, cattle fed SFC presented smaller ruminal absorptive surface area (P = 0.03). Dry matter intake increased linearly (P = 0.02) and carcass-adjusted feed efficiency tended (P = 0.06) to decrease linearly as RNDF increased. Dietary RNDF concentration did not affect carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.19), except for dressing percentage, which tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.06) as RNDF in finishing diets increased. Increasing RNDF in finishing diets had no effect (P = 0.26) on time spent eating, but time spent ruminating and resting increased linearly (min/d; P < 0.001) with increased dietary RNDF. Steam flaking markedly increased flint corn energy value, net energy of diets, and animal growth performance, and led to improvements on feed efficiency when compared with grinding, regardless of RNDF content of diets. Increasing dietary RNDF compromised feedlot cattle feed efficiency and carcass dressing.
The sounds of fighting: contests between violet vinegar crabs, Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), are resolved through acoustic communication
Authors: Goh Song Lin Rigel , Vishnu Hari , Ng Ngan Kee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSound plays an important role in animal communication. Sesarmid crabs (family Sesarmidae) are semi-terrestrial crabs found in tropical and temperate regions, and are known to communicate through acoustic signals. The violet vinegar crab Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) is a tree-climber known to possess sound-producing structures. The significance of sounds produced by E. versicolor during intraspecific contests, however, remains unknown. We investigated the context in which sound production occurs by staging 27 trials using male crabs. Three main types of acoustic behaviours were documented: rapping, leg stamping, and vibration. With the exception of vibration, these behaviours were also observed in female crabs. The air or the wood substrate was utilised to transmit acoustic signals, with each sound having unique spectral and temporal features serving different purposes. Rapping and leg stamping may be an advertisement of the sender’s resource-holding potential for territorial defence and asserting dominance during fights. Vibration is likely a victory display that discourages the contest loser as well as individuals in the vicinity from engaging the victor in another fight. Episesarma versicolor can therefore produce acoustic signals that may contain information about the sender, minimising costs associated with direct conflicts.