bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial outcomes of local anaesthetic freehand transperineal prostate biopsies in the outpatient setting
Authors: Kum Francesca , Elhage Oussama , Maliyil Jed , Wong Kathie , Faure Walker Nicholas , Kulkarni Meghana , Namdarian Benjamin , Challacombe Benjamin , Cathcart Paul , Popert Rick 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the histopathological outcomes, morbidity and tolerability of freehand transperineal (TP) prostate biopsies using the PrecisionPoint™ access system (Perineologic, Cumberland, MD, USA) under local anaesthetic (LA) in the day surgery and outpatient environments, as systematic and targeted biopsies can be taken with the potential for reduced morbidity, particularly sepsis.Patients and MethodsIn all, 176 patients underwent freehand TP prostate biopsies from May 2016 to November 2017. The procedure was carried out either under LA alone or with the addition of sedation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were reported using the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS), version 2. Tolerability was assessed using a visual analogue scale pain score for each procedural stage. Histopathological outcomes and complications were recorded.ResultsThe mean (range) age was 65 (36–83) years, median (range) prostate‐specific antigen level was 7.9 (0.7–1374) ng/mL, and the mean (range) prostate volume 45 (15–157) mL. Biopsies were taken under LA alone (160 patients, 90%) or under LA with sedation (16, 9%). The main indication for biopsy was primary diagnosis (88.6%). In all, 91 (52%) patients underwent systematic TP biopsies (mean 24.2 cores). Cognitive MRI‐targeted biopsies alone were performed in 45 patients (26%; mean 6.8 cores), and 40 (23%) had both systematic and target biopsies (mean 27.9 cores). Of the 75 patients who had primary systematic biopsies alone, 46 (61%) were positive, and 28/46 (60.9%) were diagnosed with clinically significant disease (Gleason ≥3+4). VAS pain scores were greatest during LA administration. There were five complications (2.8%, Clavien–Dindo Grade I/II). No patients developed urosepsis.ConclusionsFreehand TP biopsies using the PrecisionPoint access system is a safe, tolerable and effective method for systematic and targeted biopsies under LA in the outpatient setting. It has replaced transrectal biopsies in our centre and has potential to transform practice.
Performance Improvement (Pi) score: an algorithm to score Pi objectively during E‐BLUS hands‐on training sessions. A European Association of Urology, Section of Uro‐Technology (ESUT) project
Authors: Veneziano Domenico , Canova Antonio , Arnolds Michiel , Beatty John D. , Biyani Chandra S. , Dehò Federico , Fiori Cristian , Hellawell Giles O. , Langenhuijsen J.F. , Pini Giovannalberto , Rodriguez Faba Oscar , Siena Giampaolo , Skolarikos Andreas , Tokas Theodoros , Van Cleynenbreugel Ben S.E.P. , Wagner Christian , Tripepi Giovanni , Somani Bhaskar , Lima Estevao 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the variability of subjective tutor performance improvement (Pi) assessment and to compare it with a novel measurement algorithm: the Pi score.Materials and MethodsThe Pi‐score algorithm considers time measurement and number of errors from two different repetitions (first and fifth) of the same training task and compares them to the relative task goals, to produce an objective score. We collected data during eight courses on the four European Association of Urology training in Basic Laparoscopic Urological Skills (E‐BLUS) tasks. The same tutor instructed on all courses. Collected data were independently analysed by 14 hands‐on training experts for Pi assessment. Their subjective Pi assessments were compared for inter‐rater reliability. The average per‐participant subjective scores from all 14 proctors were then compared with the objective Pi‐score algorithm results. Cohen's κ statistic was used for comparison analysis.ResultsA total of 50 participants were enrolled. Concordance found between the 14 proctors' scores was the following: Task 1, κ = 0.42 (moderate); Task 2, κ = 0.27 (fair); Task 3, κ = 0.32 (fair); and Task 4, κ = 0.55 (moderate). Concordance between Pi‐score results and proctor average scores per participant was the following: Task 1, κ = 0.85 (almost perfect); Task 2, κ = 0.46 (moderate); Task 3, κ = 0.92 (almost perfect); Task 4 = 0.65 (substantial).ConclusionThe present study shows that evaluation of Pi is highly variable, even when formulated by a cohort of experts. Our algorithm successfully provided an objective score that was equal to the average Pi assessment of a cohort of experts, in relation to a small amount of training attempts.
Long‐term follow‐up of single crowns supported by short, moderately rough implants—A prospective 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Rossi Fabio , Lang Niklaus P. , Ricci Emanuele , Ferraioli Lorenzo , Baldi Niccolò , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate prospectively the clinical and radiographic outcomes after ten years of short (6 mm) implants with a moderately rough surface supporting single crowns in the posterior region.Material and MethodsForty 6 mm modified sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched (mod‐SLA), soft tissue level implants were installed in the distal segments of 35 consecutive patients. After 6 weeks of healing, abutments were tightened, and single porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal crowns were cemented. Implant survival, marginal bone loss, and clinical crown/implant ratio were evaluated at various time intervals up to 10 years after loading.ResultsTwo out of the 40 implants were lost before loading, one implant was lost after 7 years because of peri‐implantitis. One patient with two implants died and was excluded from analysis. Two patients did not come at the 10‐year follow‐up and were considered as drop out (2 implants). The survival rate was 91.7% (n = 36). Thirty‐three implants were available for marginal bone loss evaluation. A mean marginal bone loss after 10 years of function was 0.8 ± 0.7 mm. Between 5 and 10 years, the loss was 0.2 ± 0.4 mm. No technical complications were registered during the 10‐year period. The clinical crown/implant ratio increased with time from 1.6 at the delivery of the prosthesis to 2.0 after 10 years of loading with no increase between 5 and 10 years.ConclusionShort (6 mm) implants with a moderately rough surface supporting single crowns in the posterior region and loaded after 6–7 weeks maintained full function for at least 10 years with low marginal bone resorption.
Reconciling pest control, nature conservation, and recreation in coniferous forests
Authors: Hagge Jonas , Leibl Franz , Müller Jörg , Plechinger Martin , Soutinho João Gonçalo , Thorn Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtected areas are not only crucial for biodiversity and natural processes but also for recreation. Although a benign neglect strategy of dealing with natural disturbances in protected areas is beneficial for nature, public debate on avoiding increased pest population growth has intensified. We evaluated the effect of mechanical pest control measures in decreasing populations of insect pests, maintaining nontarget biodiversity, retaining high recreational value, and keeping economic costs low. Debarking and bark scratching or gouging effectively prevented infestation of felled trees by European spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) and controlled the beetles in recently infested trees. Bark scratching or gouging retained biodiversity at natural levels, whereas debarking decreased biodiversity by 54% with higher economic costs. The public rated bark‐gouged trees more positively than debarked trees. We thus urge authorities to promote bark scratching or gouging in the control of bark beetles in protected areas instead of salvage logging and debarking.
IL‐33 guides osteogenesis and increases proliferation and pluripotency marker expression in dental stem cells
Authors: Kukolj Tamara , Trivanović Drenka , Mojsilović Slavko , Okić Djordjević Ivana , Obradović Hristina , Krstić Jelena , Jauković Aleksandra , Bugarski Diana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesSoluble IL‐33 (interleukin (IL)‐1‐like cytokine) acts as endogenous alarm signal (alarmin). Since alarmins, besides activating immune system, act to restore tissue homeostasis, we investigated whether IL‐33 exerts beneficial effects on oral stem cell pull.Materials and MethodsClonogenicity, proliferation, differentiation and senescence of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) were determined after in vitro exposure to IL‐33. Cellular changes were detected by flow cytometry, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and semiquantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsIL‐33 stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and expression of pluripotency markers, OCT‐4, SOX‐2 and NANOG, but it inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in both PDLSCs and DPSCs. Higher Ki67 expression and reduced β‐galactosidase activity in IL‐33‐treated cells were demonstrated, whereas these trends were more conspicuous in osteogenic medium. However, after 7‐day IL‐33 pretreatment, differentiation capacity of IL‐33‐pretreated cells was retained, and increased ALP activity was observed in both cell types. Results showed that IL‐33 regulates NF‐κB and β‐catenin signalling, indicating the association of these molecules with changes observed in IL‐33‐treated PDLSCs and DPSCs, particularly their proliferation, pluripotency‐associated marker expression and osteogenesis.ConclusionsIL‐33 treatment impairs osteogenesis of PDLSCs and DPSCs, while increases their clonogenicity, proliferation and pluripotency marker expression. After exposure to IL‐33, osteogenic capacity of cells stayed intact. NF‐κB and β‐catenin are implicated in the effects achieved by IL‐33 in PDLSCs and DPSCs.
Wonderland and the rabbit hole: A commentary on university students’ alcohol use during first year and the early transition to university
Authors: Riordan Benjamin C. , Carey Kate B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor new students, university can be a wonderland of opportunity. But the first few weeks of the university experience are also typified by change, stress and uncertainty. From a health promotion perspective, the first few weeks of the university experience present an important yet understudied opportunity for alcohol misuse prevention. In this narrative review, we distinguish students’ alcohol use during their first year at university from what is known about their use in the first few weeks on campus. First, we outline the developmental context of the first year experience and the descriptive epidemiology of alcohol use and consequences. Second, we highlight how distinctly different the first few weeks of the university experience are relative to the rest of the academic year and overview the limited research on alcohol use and consequences during the first few weeks. Third, we overview the limited number of strategies that have focused on reducing alcohol use during the transition to university. Finally, we offer a number of suggestions for future research. A better understanding of the nature and determinants of alcohol use and consequences during the transition to university is critical to designing effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Patterns and drivers of long‐term changes in breeding bird communities in a global biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
Authors: Flesch Aaron D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate changes in breeding bird communities and assess implications for conservation.LocationMadrean Sky Islands and northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.MethodsI compared observations from recent fieldwork (2009–2012) with an extensive historical data set (1887–1954) and used modelling and multivariate techniques to assess spatiotemporal changes in species occurrence, richness and assemblage composition, and associations with climate, land use and landscape factors.ResultsBreeding species richness peaked in larger ranges often in the south and east, and regional beta diversity was attributable much more to turnover (0.80) than nestedness (0.07). Although richness increased across time, spatial assemblage heterogeneity declined due only to changes in nestedness, with temporal shifts in beta diversity equally attributable to variation in nestedness and turnover. Community change was associated with variation in climate, land use and landscape factors in ways that depended on species’ traits. Major gains in Madrean and lowland Neotropical species from the south contrasted little change in Nearctic species, and there was some evidence lowland species expanded eastward into the higher‐elevation interior, suggesting poleward and up‐elevation shifts now occurring globally. Some such patterns were associated with increasing temperature and summer–fall precipitation typical of the south suggesting climate forcing. Despite regional gains in pine‐dependent species linked to post‐logging forest recovery, losses and turnover were greater in smaller more arid ranges due likely to climate‐mediated habitat loss. High regional losses of cavity‐nesting species in forest were greater in ranges subjected to past logging indicating effects of historical habitat degradation persist today.Main conclusionDespite ongoing forest recovery and potential for northward range expansion to offset climate‐mediated losses of montane species, further assemblage homogenization seems likely. Active forest restoration that promotes large old trees, snags and mature forest conditions combined with increasing the capacity of local communities to implement best management practices will enhance conservation.
Comparative study of electrical and rheological properties of different solutions used in endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Bon Ignacio , Bartolí Ramón , Cano‐Sarabia Mary , de la Ossa Napoleón , de Vega Vicente Moreno , Marín Ingrid , Boix Jaume , Lorenzo‐Zúñiga Vicente 
Published: November 2018

Background and AimThe study of electrical and rheological properties of solutions to carry out endoscopic resection procedures could determinate the best candidate. An ex vivo study with porcine stomachs was conducted to analyze electrical resistivity (R) and rheological properties (temperature, viscosity, height and lasting of the cushion) of different substances used in these techniques.MethodsTested solutions were: 0.9% saline (S), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), Gliceol (GC), hyaluronic acid 2% (HA), Pluronic‐F127 20% (PL), saline with 10% glucose (GS), Gelaspan (GP), Covergel‐BiBio (TB) and PRP with TB (PRP+TB). Measurements of electrical and rheological properties were done at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after submucosal injection.ResultsSolutions showed a wide variability of transepithelial R after submucosal injection. Substances able to maintain the highest R 60 min postinjection were TB (7 × 104 Ω), HA (7 × 104 Ω) and PL (7 × 104 Ω). Protective solutions against deep thermal injury (Tª lower than 60°C) were PL (47.6°C), TB (55°C) and HA (56.63°C). Shortest time to carry out resections were observed with GC (17.66″), PRP (20.3″) and GS (23.45″). Solutions with less cushion decrease (<25%) after 60 min were TB (11.74%), PL (18.63%) and PRP (22.12%).ConclusionsCovergel‐BiBio, PL and HA were the best solutions with long‐term protective effects (transepithelial R, lower thermal injury and less cushion decrease). Solutions with quicker resection time were GC, PRP and GS.
Progressive muscle relaxation therapy to relieve dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Eun S. , Yim Hyeon W. , Lee Kang S. 
Published: November 2018

Dental anxiety causes patients to refuse or delay treatment, which may exacerbate oral diseases. The aim of the current randomized controlled trial was to determine whether progressive muscle relaxation therapy could relieve dental anxiety. The trial included 68 periodontal patients with dental anxiety scores of ≥13 who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (n = 34 per group). The intervention group was administered progressive muscle relaxation therapy for 20 min and oral health education for 15 min before periodontal treatment once per week for 4 wk. The control group was provided with oral health education only, for the same duration. Changes in dental anxiety, depression symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, and salivary cortisol were evaluated 4 wk and 3 months after the intervention. The intervention group exhibited statistically significantly greater reductions in dental anxiety scores than did the control group at the 4‐wk (−3.82 vs. −0.89) and 3‐month (−4.22 vs. −0.28) assessments. They also exhibited significantly greater reductions in depression symptoms, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and salivary cortisol levels at both time‐points. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy relieves tension and anxiety in dental patients.
Crystal structures of VIM‐1 complexes explain active site heterogeneity in VIM‐class metallo‐β‐lactamases
Authors: Salimraj Ramya , Hinchliffe Philip , Kosmopoulou Magda , Tyrrell Jonathan M. , Brem Jürgen , van Berkel Sander S. , Verma Anil , Owens Raymond J. , McDonough Michael A. , Walsh Timothy R. , Schofield Christopher J. , Spencer James 
Published: November 2018

Metallo‐β‐Lactamases (MBLs) protect bacteria from almost all β‐lactam antibiotics. Verona integron‐encoded MBL (VIM) enzymes are among the most clinically important MBLs, with VIM‐1 increasing in carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) that are among the hardest bacterial pathogens to treat. VIM enzymes display sequence variation at residues (224 and 228) that in related MBLs are conserved and participate in substrate binding. How they accommodate this variability, while retaining catalytic efficiency against a broad substrate range, has remained unclear. Here, we present crystal structures of VIM‐1 and its complexes with a substrate‐mimicking thioenolate inhibitor, ML302F, that restores meropenem activity against a range of VIM‐1 producing clinical strains, and the hydrolysed product of the carbapenem meropenem. Comparison of these two structures identifies a water‐mediated hydrogen bond, between the carboxylate group of substrate/inhibitor and the backbone carbonyl of the active site zinc ligand Cys221, that is common to both complexes. Structural comparisons show that the responsible Cys221‐bound water is observed in all known VIM structures, participates in carboxylate binding with other inhibitor classes, and thus effectively replicates the role of the conserved Lys224 in analogous complexes with other MBLs. These results provide a mechanism for substrate binding that permits the variation at positions 224 and 228 that is a hallmark of VIM MBLs.Enzymes
EC 3.5.2.6
DatabasesCo‐ordinates and structure factors for protein structures described in this manuscript have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org/pdb) with accession codes 5N5G (VIM‐1), 5N5H (VIM‐1:ML302F complex) and 5N5I (VIM‐1‐hydrolysed meropenem complex).
Movement and thermal niche of the first satellite‐tagged Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone)
Authors: Arostegui Martin C. , Braun Camrin D. , Gaube Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone) is one of the least‐studied istiophorid billfishes, with little known of its biology, ecology, and behavior. To assess the species’ movement and thermal niche, we analyzed telemetry data from, to our knowledge, the first and only Mediterranean spearfish ever outfitted with a pop‐up satellite archival transmitting tag. Throughout a 29‐day deployment during July and August 2015, the fish travelled in Italian waters of the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas, spending on average 93% of each 24‐hr period above 30 m and exhibiting a diel activity pattern comprised of daytime vertical movement and nighttime near‐surface residency. The preferred thermal niche was 26–28°C, but the spearfish experienced temperatures as low as 14.2°C during descents. Vertical distribution was limited throughout the deployment with more time spent at depth in areas where the thermocline was comparatively deeper and weaker, consistent with habitat compression experienced by other billfishes.
The Dual‐Domain Porosity Apparatus: Characterizing Dual Porosity at the Sediment/Water Interface
Authors: Scruggs Courtney R. , Briggs Martin , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Werkema Dale , Lane John W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe characterization of pore‐space connectivity in porous media at the sediment/water interface is critical in understanding contaminant transport and reactive biogeochemical processes in zones of groundwater and surface‐water exchange. Previous in situ studies of dual‐domain (i.e., mobile/less‐mobile porosity) systems have been limited to solute tracer injections at scales of meters to hundreds of meters and subsequent numerical model parameterization using fluid concentration histories. Pairing fine‐scale (e.g., sub‐meter) geoelectrical measurements with fluid tracer data over time alleviates dependence on flowpath‐scale experiments, enabling spatially targeted characterization of shallow sediment/water interface media where biogeochemical reactivity is often high. The Dual‐Domain Porosity Apparatus is a field‐tested device capable of variable rate‐controlled downward flow experiments. The Dual‐Domain Porosity Apparatus facilitates inference of dual‐domain parameters, i.e., mobile/less‐mobile exchange rate coefficient and the ratio of less mobile to mobile porosity. The Dual‐Domain Porosity Apparatus experimental procedure uses water electrical conductivity as a conservative tracer of differential loading and flushing of pore spaces within the region of measurement. Variable injection rates permit the direct quantification of the flow‐dependence of dual‐domain parameters, which has been theorized for decades but remains challenging to assess using existing experimental methodologies.
Relative potency of proton‐pump inhibitors, Helicobacter pylori therapy cure rates, and meaning of double‐dose PPI
Authors: Graham David Y. , Lu Hong , Dore Maria Pina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori treatment recommendations often recommend use of double‐dose PPI or greater. This is confusing because PPIs very markedly in relative potency such that a double dose of one may not even be equivalent to the single dose of another.ObjectiveTo relate the concept of double‐dose to specific amounts of the different PPIsMethodsWe used data standardizing PPI potency in terms of the duration of intragastric pH >4/24 hours (pH4‐time) to rank PPIs. Relative potency varies from 4.5 mg omeprazole equivalents (20 mg pantoprazole) to 72 mg omeprazole equivalents (40 mg rabeprazole).ResultsWe defined PPI dosing for H. pylori therapy as low dose (eg, approximately 20 mg omeprazole equivalents, b.i.d.), high or double dose as approximately 40 mg omeprazole equivalents, b.i.d.) and high dose as approximately 60 mg omeprazole equivalents, b.i.d.). For example, standard double dose PPI would thus be 40 mg of omeprazole, 20 mg of esomeprazole or rabeprazole, 45 mg of lansoprazole, or 120 mg of pantoprazole each given b.i.d.ConclusionsSimply doubling the dose of any PPI achieves markedly different effects on pH4‐time. However, PPIs can be used interchangeably and cost effectively based on their omeprazole equivalency.