bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Literacy Courses as a Space for Fusing Literacies
Authors: Tunstall Samuel Luke , Matz Rebecca L. , Craig Jeffrey C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article, we examine how students in a general education quantitative literacy course reason with public issues when unprompted to use quantitative reasoning. Michigan State University, like many institutions, not only has a quantitative literacy requirement for all undergraduates but also offers two courses specifically for meeting the requirement. A central goal of the courses is for students to use pertinent mathematical tools in the analysis of public issues. In teaching and observing the course, we found that students often approached public issues in complex ways, calling upon prior knowledge, a sense of justice, or other disciplinary habits. This diverse tool set simultaneously serves as a lever for insight into public issues while also potentially impeding the traditional goal of detached analysis in many mathematics classrooms. Drawing upon interviews with five students as they reasoned with media artifacts concerning public issues, we provide evidence of this tension and highlight possibilities afforded by inviting such a tool kit for full use in a general education quantitative literacy course. Our conclusion is that quantitative literacy courses that focus on public issues appear to be ideal spaces for fostering a host of skills supported in general education courses—not just mathematical content itself.
Curriculum Design for Campus-wide Learning
Authors: Hunzicker Jana , Mcconnaughay Kelly , Burge Jennifer Gruening 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Professional development in higher education is traditionally viewed as occurring through participation in workshops, attending conferences, and completing learning modules. But sometimes professional learning occurs in informal and unintended ways. This article contributes to the collective understanding of informal professional learning in higher education by describing and analyzing Bradley University's multiple-year processes for campus-wide curriculum design and preparation for implementation of the Bradley Core Curriculum before offering five recommendations for other institutions interested in supporting meaningful and lasting professional development in the midst of campus-wide change.
The Posthuman and the Transhuman as Alternative Mappings of the Space of Political Possibility
Authors: Fuller Steve 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper takes a loosely “quantum” approach to political possibility. In other words, depending on how the present is characterized, both past and future possibilities are defined simultaneously. Political history is full of such quantum moments, which revolutionize our understanding of the historical subject. It is normally assumed that some version of Homo sapiens is the historical subject. However, post-and trans-humanism challenge that assumption, albeit in rather different ways. For example, the “genetic” and the “superorganic” figure in both but are given quite different spins, neither implying that the morphology of the upright ape is inviolate. Posthumanists stress our overlap with other species and interdependency with nature, while transhumanists stress the variability and mutability of genes, which allow enhancement. Posthumanist sociology emphasizes the “superorganic” biological and evolutionary roots of social behavior, while transhumanists emphasize humanity’s extension into technology and our accelerating cultural evolution. Both posthumanists and transhumanists see our simian nature as a platform or way station that opens up into a much wider range of possible ancestors and descendants than conventional politics normally countenances.
Feminist Posthumanities in the Anthropocene: Forays Into The Postnatural
Authors: Åsberg Cecilia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn the new planetary age of the Anthropocene or the Age of Man (as it were), humanity is cast as a single geological force, a major force of environmental destruction, and one folding in on itself. The Anthropocene is famously defined by human-induced climatic, biological, and geological transformations of our planet, by a profound anthropogenic environmental impact and mass species extinctions. However, the Anthropocene risk also, as pointed out by a wide range of feminist philosophers and critical scholars, to hide troublesome differences between humans, and also to hide intimate relationships between technology, humans, and other animals. This totalization of humanity is a parallel risk in some posthuman theorizing also, and something postdisciplinary scholars of the critical humanities and feminist philosophers have paid attention to for decades. In the posthuman context of the Anthropocene, I suggest and point to postdisciplinary humanities research and theory–practices that pay careful attention to the feminist theoretical work on our equally postnatural condition as an experimental remedy.
Pagan Transhumanism: A Lyotardian Approach to the Sublimity of the Posthuman
Authors: Mazarakis Ioannis 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
According to the vision of the most prominent transhumanists, the posthuman is going to be the updated version of the human: Although more developed and improved, the posthuman will still pertain to the well-known intellectual being that created this civilization through its reasonable thinking and the power of its will. From this perspective, the transhumanist attempts at predicting its existential status, social behavior, and political activity are fully justifiable and necessary. However, from a Lyotardian perspective, this type of previsioning is exactly what postmodern thought criticizes: Instead of creating criteria that will guide our response to future events, we should prepare ourselves to judge without criteria—to confront the sublimity of the post- or inhuman and invent new “language games” that will be compatible with its unique characteristics. In this article, I will attempt to delineate the modernist metanarratives that frame contemporary transhumanist politics and analyze the point of its intersection with the sublimity of the posthuman. Finally, I will suggest a postmodern revision of transhumanist politics by focusing on the Lyotardian concept of paganism.
Possibility in Fashion Design Education—A Manifesto
Authors: Rissanen Timo 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This manifesto presents starting points for educators to reconsider fashion as a system of satisfiers for fundamental human needs. The manifesto calls for strategic adoption of design for micro-utopias in the fashion system. The challenges facing humanity are approached as opportunities for systems renewal. Fashion design must move beyond a disciplinary model of design to facilitate deliberate societal change over time. The manifesto frames the economy as a design problem and calls for fashion design to collaborate with economists and others on designing the sociomaterial systems in which fashion is produced, used, and discarded. How does fashion repress, tolerate, or stimulate opportunities for people to fulfill their fundamental needs? How can fashion design actively facilitate satisfying fundamental human needs? The manifesto concludes with a call for design educators to be guardians of the possibility of possibility. Design needs to design design itself while concurrently designing the world at large.
Honduras ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: jurisdicción contenciosa y consultiva
Authors: Bonilla Cabañas Jimena 
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo describe y analiza la jurisdicción contenciosa y consultiva de Honduras ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, dando a conocer en primer lugar, los antecedentes históricos de Honduras ante este Tribunal Internacional, en un periodo comprendido desde el año 1982-2015, analizando los diferentes derechos huma- nos violentados, en el cual se declara la responsabilidad internacional del Estado. Así mismo se presentan datos importantes en relación a las diferentes medidas de repa- ración ordenadas al Estado de Honduras, las que consisten en diversas medidas como ser: la de indemnización, satisfacción y garantías de no repetición. Posteriormente se describe, la etapa de supervisión de cumplimiento de las sentencias, en el que se realiza un análisis breve de la situación actual del número de sentencias que aún están pendientes de ser cumplidas.Finalmente se resalta la importancia del Control de Convencionalidad, en la aplicación de las normas internacionales de derechos humanos, de parte de un Poder judicial competente, independiente e imparcial.
Challenges and Induction Needs of Novice English as a Foreign Language Teachers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhamad Rufaida 
Published: March 2018

The first year of teaching poses massive challenges that lead to attrition among novice teachers. School communities often fail to provide adequate support to novice teachers to help them adapt to their new professional environments. In Saudi Arabia, attrition among novice teachers is a significant problem that hinders the development of the educational system. This study was conducted to examine the challenges that Saudi Arabian EFL novice teachers face as they transit into their first teaching jobs, and to determine whether these teachers have adequate support or would benefit from a formal induction process. Two kinds of data collection methods were used in this study, namely quantitative and qualitative. In this mixed methods study, 150 novice teachers were surveyed and 5 teachers were selected for semi-structured interviews. The quantitative analysis of the data was accomplished using descriptive and inferential statistics to answer the research questions. The qualitative analysis of the data was accomplished by interpreting the responses provided to the interview questions. The findings indicated that the challenges surrounding novice teachers hinder them in their development as new teachers. The most conspicuous challenges reported by the study participants were dealing with low English proficiency students and managing the negative attitudes of students toward learning English. This report also determined additional perceptible challenges: adoption of various teaching methods and the establishment of a student-centered approach, student behavior management, course planning, dealing with individual differences, and communication with parents. This study showed that these teachers had left their pre-service training with a very limited knowledge and skills for dealing with the reality of teaching. Mentoring and observing veteran teachers were identified by novice teachers as the two most beneficial strategies for implementing a teacher induction program that could mitigate the challenges they face in their first few years.
Constraining the Distribution of Vertical Slip on the South Heli Shan Fault (Northeastern Tibet) From High‐Resolution Topographic Data
Authors: Bi Haiyun , Zheng Wenjun , Ge Weipeng , Zhang Peizhen , Zeng Jiangyuan , Yu Jingxing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReconstruction of the along‐fault slip distribution provides an insight into the long‐term rupture patterns of a fault, thereby enabling more accurate assessment of its future behavior. The increasing wealth of high‐resolution topographic data, such as Light Detection and Ranging and photogrammetric digital elevation models, allows us to better constrain the slip distribution, thus greatly improving our understanding of fault behavior. The South Heli Shan Fault is a major active fault on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we built a 2 m resolution digital elevation model of the South Heli Shan Fault based on high‐resolution GeoEye‐1 stereo satellite imagery and then measured 302 vertical displacements along the fault, which increased the measurement density of previous field surveys by a factor of nearly 5. The cumulative displacements show an asymmetric distribution along the fault, comprising three major segments. An increasing trend from west to east indicates that the fault has likely propagated westward over its lifetime. The topographic relief of Heli Shan shows an asymmetry similar to the measured cumulative slip distribution, suggesting that the uplift of Heli Shan may result mainly from the long‐term activity of the South Heli Shan Fault. Furthermore, the cumulative displacements divide into discrete clusters along the fault, indicating that the fault has ruptured in several large earthquakes. By constraining the slip‐length distribution of each rupture, we found that the events do not support a characteristic recurrence model for the fault.
Long Wave Runup in Asymmetric Bays and in Fjords With Two Separate Heads
Authors: Raz Amir , Nicolsky Dmitry , Rybkin Alexei , Pelinovsky Efim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModeling of tsunamis in glacial fjords prompts us to evaluate applicability of the cross‐sectionally averaged nonlinear shallow water equations to model propagation and runup of long waves in asymmetrical bays and also in fjords with two heads. We utilize the Tuck‐Hwang transformation, initially introduced for the plane beaches and currently generalized for bays with arbitrary cross section, to transform the nonlinear governing equations into a linear equation. The solution of the linearized equation describing the runup at the shore line is computed by taking into account the incident wave at the toe of the last sloping segment. We verify our predictions against direct numerical simulation of the 2‐D shallow water equations and show that our solution is valid both for bays with an asymmetric L‐shaped cross section, and for fjords with two heads—bays with a W‐shaped cross section.
Nighttime Ozone Chemical Equilibrium in the Mesopause Region
Authors: Kulikov M. Yu. , Belikovich M. V. , Grygalashvyly M. , Sonnemann G. R. , Ermakova T. S. , Nechaev A. A. , Feigin A. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine the applicability of the assumption that nighttime ozone is in photochemical equilibrium. The analysis is based on calculations with a 3‐D chemical transport model. These data are used to determine the ratio of correct (calculated) O3 density to its equilibrium value for the conditions of the nighttime mesosphere depending on the altitude, latitude, and month in the annual cycle. The results obtained demonstrate that the retrieval of O and H distributions using the assumption of photochemical ozone equilibrium may lead to a significant error below 81–87 km depending on season. Possible modifications of the currently used approach that allow improving the quality of retrieval of O and H mesospheric distributions from satellite‐based observations are discussed.
Trends of Cyclone Characteristics in the Arctic and Their Patterns From Different Reanalysis Data
Authors: Zahn Matthias , Akperov Mirseid , Rinke Annette , Feser Frauke , Mokhov Igor I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyclones in the Arctic are detected and tracked in four different reanalysis data sets from 1981 to 2010. In great detail the spatial and seasonal patterns of changes are scrutinized with regards to their frequencies, depths, and sizes. We find common spatial patterns for their occurrences, with centers of main activity over the seas in winter, and more activity over land and over the North Pole in summer. The deep cyclones are more frequent in winter, and the number of weak cyclones peaks in summer. Overall, we find a good agreement of our tracking results across the different reanalyses. Regarding the frequency changes, we find strong decreases in the Barents Sea and along the Russian coast toward the North Pole and increases over most of the central Arctic Ocean and toward the Pacific in winter. Areas of increasing and decreasing frequencies are of similar size in winter. In summer there is a longish region of increase from the Laptev Sea toward Greenland, over the Canadian archipelago, and over some smaller regions west of Novaya Zemlya and over the Russia. The larger part of the Arctic experiences a frequency decrease. All the summer changes are found statistically unrelated to the winter patterns. In addition, the frequency changes are found unrelated to changes in cyclone depth and size. There is generally good agreement across the different reanalyses in the spatial patterns of the trend sign. However, the magnitudes of changes in a particular region may strongly differ across the data.
Recent Acceleration of the Terrestrial Hydrologic Cycle in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Wu Chuanhao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost hydroclimatic trend studies considered only a subset of water budget variables; hence, the trend consistency and a holistic assessment of hydrologic changes across the entire water cycle cannot be evaluated. Here we use a unique 31 year (1983–2013) observed data set in Illinois (a representative region of the U.S. Midwest), including temperature (T), precipitation (P), evaporation (E), streamflow (R), soil moisture, and groundwater level (GWL), to estimate the trends and their sensitivity to different data periods and lengths. Both the Mann‐Kendall trend test and the least squares linear method identify trends in close agreement. Despite no clear trends during 1983–2013, increasing trends are found in P (8.73–9.05 mm/year), E (6.87–7.47 mm/year), and R (1.57–3.54 mm/year) during 1992–2013, concurrently with a pronounced warming trend of 0.029–0.037 °C/year. However, terrestrial water storageis decreased by −2.0 mm/year (mainly due to declining GWL), suggesting that the increased R is caused by increased surface runoff rather than baseflow. Monthly analyses identify warming trends for all months except winter. In summer, P (E) exhibits an increasing (decreasing) trend, leading to increasing R, soil moisture, GWL, and terrestrial water storage. Most trends estimated for different subperiods are found to be sensitive to data lengths and periods. Overall, this study provides an internally consistent observed evidence on the intensification of the hydrologic cycle in response to recent climate warming in U.S. Midwest, in agreement with and well supported by several recent studies consistently reporting the increased P, R and E over the Midwest and Mississippi River basin.
Electrical Properties of Tholins and Derived Constraints on the Huygens Landing Site Composition at the Surface of Titan
Authors: Lethuillier A. , Le Gall A. , Hamelin M. , Caujolle‐Bert S. , Schreiber F. , Carrasco N. , Cernogora G. , Szopa C. , Brouet Y. , Simões F. , Correia J. J. , Ruffié G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 2005, the complex permittivity of the surface of Saturn's moon Titan was measured by the PWA‐MIP/HASI (Permittivity Wave Altimetry‐Mutual Impedance Probe/Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument) experiment on board the Huygens probe. The analysis of these measurements was recently refined but could not be interpreted in terms of composition due to the lack of knowledge on the low‐frequency/low‐temperature electrical properties of Titan's organic material, a likely key ingredient of the surface composition. In order to fill that gap, we developed a dedicated measurement bench and investigated the complex permittivity of analogs of Titan's organic aerosols called “tholins.” These laboratory measurements, together with those performed in the microwave domain, are then used to derive constraints on the composition of Titan's first meter below the surface based on both the PWA‐MIP/HASI and the Cassini Radar observations. Assuming a ternary mixture of water ice, tholin‐like dust and pores (filled or not with liquid methane), we find that at least 10% of water ice and 15% of porosity are required to explain observations. On the other hand, there should be at most 50–60% of organic dust. PWA‐MIP/HASI measurements also suggest the presence of a thin conductive superficial layer at the Huygens landing site. Using accurate numerical simulations, we put constraints on the electrical conductivity of this layer as a function of its thickness (e.g., in the range 7–40 nS/m for a 7‐mm thick layer). Potential candidates for the composition of this layer are discussed.
Biomodulation of Nitrogen Cycle in Suspended Sediment
Authors: Tang Fiona H. M. , Maggi Federico 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiogeochemical experiments and modeling were coupled to investigate how nutrient leaching to aquatic ecosystems changes the dynamics of microbial community on suspended sediment and how these changes modulate the nitrogen cycle. Mineral suspensions amended with inorganic nitrogen (NH
and NO
) and inoculated with native sedimentary microbial strains were tested in a settling column under continuous water quality measurements. Experiments were used to calibrate and validate a kinetic model that explicitly described the chemical adsorption on minerals, aqueous complexation, gas dissolution, microbial metabolism, necromass dynamics, and microbial competition for limiting substrates. Modeling revealed that the interactions between microbial functional groups were highly nonlinear and highly sensitive to changes in nutrient and dissolved oxygen concentrations, showing shifts in regimes where a functional group became prevalent over the others. Our results suggested that necromass dynamics played a major role in sustaining microbial growth in low nutrient conditions and had an important control over the N cycle. The reaction network and model structure presented in this study provide a tool to analyze and predict the long‐term nutrient dynamics of both natural and engineered aquatic ecosystems.
Denitrification in Shallow Groundwater Below Different Arable Land Systems in a High Nitrogen‐Loading Region
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ma Yuchun , Well Reinhard , Wang Hua , Yan Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the risk of nitrate (NO3−‐N) in groundwater, it is necessary to know the denitrification capacity. In this study, observations were carried out for 2 years to investigate the groundwater denitrification capacity below three arable land systems in eastern China. Denitrification capacity was assessed by measuring the concentration and distribution patterns of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) in groundwater. The results revealed that groundwater denitrification activity was high and consumed 76%, 83%, and 65% of the NO3−‐N in the vineyard (VY), vegetable field (VF), and paddy field (PF), respectively. The high denitrification activity might be attributed to the strong reducing conditions, with high dissolved carbon concentrations in groundwater, which promotes denitrification. During the sampling period, we observed high dinitrogen (excess N2) accumulation in groundwater, which exceeded the total reactive nitrogen (N) in the deep layer. The large amount of excess N2 observed in VY and VF indicated that considerable N was stored as gaseous N2 in groundwater and should not be ignored when balancing N budgets in aquifers where denitrification is high.