bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PKG II inhibits PDGF‐BB triggered biological activities by phosphorylating PDGFRβ in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wang Ying , Appiah‐Kubi Kwaku , Lan Ting , Wu Min , Pang Ji , Qian Hai , Tao Yan , Jiang Lu , Wu Yan , Chen Yongchang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that type II cGMP‐dependent protein kinase G (PKG II) could inhibit the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is a widely investigated RTK. PDGFR belongs to family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) too. However, the effect of PKG II on PDGFR activation is not clear yet. This study investigated potential regulatory effect of PKG II on activation of PDGFRβ and the downstream signaling transductions in gastric cancer. The results from CCK8 assay and Transwell assay indicated that PDGF‐BB induced cell proliferation and migration. Activated PKG II reversed the above variations caused by PDGF‐BB. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting results showed that PKG II combined with PDGFRβ and phosphorylated this receptor, and thereby inhibited PDGF‐BB induced activation of PDGFRβ, and MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt mediated signal transduction pathways. Based on the prediction by phosphorylation site software, Ser643 and Ser712 were mutated to alanine respectively which prevented phosphorylation at these sites. Mutation at Ser712 abolished the inhibitory function of PKG II on PDGFRβ activation but mutation of Ser643 had no such an effect, indicating that Ser712 was PKG II‐specific phosphorylating site of PDGFRβ. In conclusion, PKG II inhibited PDGFRβ activation in gastric cancer via phosphorylating Ser712 of this RTK.
LncRNA Gm5091 alleviates alcoholic hepatic fibrosis by sponging miR‐27b/23b/24 in mice
Authors: Zhou Bo , Yuan Wenwen , Li Xinping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the development of alcoholic hepatic fibrosis (AHF) have not been revealed. Here, we found lncRNA Gm5091 was being downregulated in mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during AHF. Then, Gm5091 was, respectively, overexpressed and knocked down in alcohol‐treated primary HSCs. Our results showed that Gm5091 negatively regulated cell migration, ROS content, IL‐1β secretion, and expression of Collagen I and markers of HSC activation including α‐SMA and Desmin. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed that Gm5091 sequence contained binding sites of miR‐27b, miR‐23b, and miR‐24, and we proved that miR‐27b/23b/24 all bound to Gm5091 by using RNA pull‐down assay. Full‐length Gm5091 could decrease the miR‐27b/23b/24 levels, but the truncated Gm5091 deleting the binding sites could not. Finally, we confirmed that full‐length Gm5091 could alleviate AHF in vivo, but the truncated Gm5091 could not. In conclusion, lncRNA Gm5091 alleviates mouse AHF by sponging miR‐27b/23b/24.
Insight of aroma in brown rice through chemical assessment of 2‐Acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) in aromatic germplasm of India
Authors: Peddamma Sathish Kumar , Ragichedu Praveen Kumar , Maddala Sekhar , Sanjeeva Rao Durbha , Lella Venkata Subba Rao , Konne Kalyan , Sripada Prabhakar , S Gopala Krishnan , Singh A. K. , Maganti Seshu Madhav 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesFragrance and flavor of aromatic rice are chief indicators for consumer acceptability. Aroma is evaluated by time‐consuming and labor‐intensive sensory or chemical methods. In this study, we aimed volatile profiles of aromatic rice germplasm.FindingsConsidering the volatile nature of aroma compounds, highly sensitive and robust gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis is the best alternative and can accurately assess the volatile aromatic compounds. Aromatic (552) and nonaromatic (4) genotypes collected from 10 centers across the country were analyzed with GC‐MS. 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) was estimated in all the genotypes and 10 genotypes cultivated at four geographical indicator (GI) and five non‐GI centers. Full scan analysis was performed in genotypes with (22) and without (147) 2AP to identify and quantify other aroma compounds. Among the genotypes, 409 contain 2AP from 0.001 (UPRI93‐101) to 0.0478 (Jasmine Scented) ppm. The mean 2AP content was 0.009 ppm. Six more compounds were detected in full scan analysis. Of these, nonanal was highest followed by hexanal and four compounds (hydroxyl methyl furfural, indole, benzyl alcohol, and guaiacol) in similar concentration.Conclusions2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline was higher in varieties cultivated at GI locations and genotype response varied from 0.66 (IR 62873‐227‐1‐16) to 2.93 (Bindli) folds. Although seven compounds (2AP and six other aroma compounds) were found, at this stage, it is premature to assign one or more of these compounds as responsible for the desired aroma considering the specificity of olfactory receptors and their highly varying odor detection threshold for individual compounds.Significance and noveltyThis study is first in terms of number of genotypes used, identification of aromatic rice without 2AP, and assessing impact of GI on 2AP.
Recurrent pericarditis as an extra‐intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis in a 14‐year‐old girl
Authors: Van Gils Ann J. M. , van Gijlswijk Sandra , Taminiau Jan A. J. M. , Marchau Fabienne , Van De Vijver Els 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessagePericarditis is a known complication of mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This case study illustrates that after diagnostic work‐up, pericarditis should not always be attributed to the use of mesalazine. It may be the presentation of an extra‐intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Restarting of mesalazine should be considered.
Expansion of the Substrate Specificity of Porcine Kidney D‐Amino Acid Oxidase for S‐Stereoselective Oxidation of 4‐Cl‐Benzhydrylamine
Authors: Yasukawa Kazuyuki , Motojima Fumihiro , Ono Atsushi , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiscovery and development of enzymes for the synthesis of chiral amines have been a hot topic for basic and applied aspects of biocatalysts. Based on our X‐ray crystallographic analyses of porcine kidney D‐amino acid oxidase (pkDAO) and its variants, we rationally designed a new variant that catalyzed the oxidation of (S)‐4‐Cl‐benzhydrylamine (CBHA) from pkDAO and obtained it by functional high‐throughput screening with colorimetric assay. The variant I230A/R283G was constructed from the variant R283G which had completely lost the activity for D‐amino acids, further gaining new activity toward (S)‐chiral amines with the bulky substituents. The variant enzyme (I230A/R283G) was characterized to have a catalytic efficiency of 1.85 s−1 for (S)‐CBHA, while that for (R)‐1‐phenylethylamine was diminished 10‐fold as compared with the Y228L/R283G variant. The variant was efficiently used for the synthesis of (R)‐CBHA in 96 % ee from racemic CBHA by the deracemization reaction in the presence of reducing agent such as NaBH4 in water. Furthermore, X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the new variant complexed with (S)‐CBHA, together with modelling study clearly showed the basis of understanding the structure‐activity relationship of pkDAO.
A Multiaddressable Dyad with Switchable Cyan/Magenta/Yellow Colors for Full‐Color Rewritable Paper
Authors: Qin Tianyou , Han Jiaqi , Geng Yue , Ju Le , Sheng Lan , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReversible multicolor displays on solid media created from single‐molecule pigments are a long‐awaited goal. Herein, a new and simple molecular dyad, which can undergo switchable cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) color changes in both solution and the solid state upon exposure to light, water/acid, and nucleophiles, has been designed and synthesized. The stimuli used herein can be applied independent of each other, which is beneficial for color changes without mutual interference. For comparison, mixtures of the two molecular switching motifs that form the basis of the dyad were also studied. The dyad greatly outperforms the corresponding mixed system with respect to reversible color switching on the paper substrate. Its potential for full‐color rewritable paper with excellent reversibility has been demonstrated. Legible multicolor prints, that is, high color contrast and resolution, good dispersion, and excellent reversibility, were achieved by using common water‐jet and light‐based printers. This work provides a very promising approach for the further development of full‐color switchable molecules, materials, and displays.
Ferrocene‐Functionalized Silsesquioxane‐Based Porous Polymer for Efficient Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Yang Xiaoru , Liu Hongzhi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel ferrocene‐linked organic–inorganic hybrid porous polymer has been successfully prepared by Friedel–Crafts reaction of octavinylsilsesquioxane and ferrocene. The relationship of structure/property was investigated by FTIR, NMR, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) etc. The obtained porous polymer exhibited a high surface area of 1015 m2 g−1 and a hierarchical pore structure. It could be applied to wastewater treatment with the absorption capacity of up to 1683 mg g−1 for Congo red (CR), 1083 mg g−1 for crystal violet (CV), 1003 mg g−1 for rhodamine B (RB), 441 mg g−1 for methylene blue (MB), 191 mg g−1 for Hg2+, and 328 mg g−1 for Pb2+. Remarkably, it could be easily regenerated and the removal efficiency remains almost constant even after six cycles.
Chemoselective Tyrosine Bioconjugation through Sulfate Click Reaction
Authors: Choi Eun Joung , Jung Dongwook , Kim Jong‐Seo , Lee Yan , Kim B. Moon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel and selective tyrosine functionalization strategy through SuFEx (sulfur fluoride exchange) chemistry is presented. In this approach, free tyrosine (Tyr) reacts selectively with aryl fluorosulfate in the presence of various nucleophilic amino acid residues in bio‐tolerable conditions. Chemoselectivity of this unique SuFEx reaction was confirmed in amino acid, peptide, and protein conjugations. The functions of peptides and proteins were well‐preserved as demonstrated from the Tyr‐specific modification of cell‐penetrating peptide and erythropoietin. This method is well‐suited for residue‐specific modification of native proteins, and thus would expand the versatility of bio‐conjugation in protein chemistry.
The de winter electrocardiogram pattern is a transient electrocardiographic phenomenon that presents at the early stage of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Aihua , Liu Li , Chen Zijun 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe de Winter electrocardiogram (EKG) pattern is a novel sign that indicates left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion in patients with chest pain. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with this pattern.HypothesisThe de Winter EKG pattern is an special anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) equivalents without obvious ST‐segment elevation.MethodsThis retrospective study included all patients with anterior myocardial infarction admitted between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with the de Winter EKG pattern and those with typical STEMI.ResultsOf 441 patients, 15 (3.4%) with anterior myocardial infarction had the de Winter EKG pattern. Similar to those with typical STEMI, the majority of patients with the de Winter EKG pattern had ST‐segment elevation, pathologic Q wave, and absence of R wave at follow‐up. The median time from recognition of this pattern until its evolution was 114 minutes. The ST‐segment in leads V3R to V5R and leads V7 to V9 were normal or slightly depressed when a typical de Winter EKG pattern was noted in leads V1 to V6. The culprit lesion was mainly in the proximal LAD or the diagonal branch. Patients with this EKG pattern responded poorly to thrombolytic therapy.ConclusionsWe believe that the de Winter EKG pattern may be a sign of ischemia and presents at the early stage of STEMI rather than being an independent pattern. In patients with this pattern, a percutaneous coronary intervention rather than follow‐up and thrombolytic strategy should be performed.
On the use of machine learning techniques for the mechanical characterization of soft biological tissues
Authors: Cilla Myriam , Pérez‐Rey Ignacio , Martínez Miguel Angel , Peña Estefania , Martínez Javier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivated by the search for new strategies for fitting a material model, a new approach is explored in the present work. The use of numerical and complex algorithms based on machine learning techniques such as support vector machines for regression, bagged decision trees, and artificial neural networks is proposed for solving the parameter identification of constitutive laws for soft biological tissues. First, the mathematical tools were trained with analytical uniaxial data (circumferential and longitudinal directions) as inputs, and their corresponding material parameters of the Gasser, Ogden, and Holzapfel strain energy function as outputs. The train and test errors show great efficiency during the training process in finding correlations between inputs and outputs; besides, the correlation coefficients were very close to 1. Second, the tool was validated with unseen observations of analytical circumferential and longitudinal uniaxial data. The results show an excellent agreement between the prediction of the material parameters of the strain energy function and the analytical curves. Finally, data from real circumferential and longitudinal uniaxial tests on different cardiovascular tissues were fitted; thus, the material model of these tissues was predicted. We found that the method was able to consistently identify model parameters, and we believe that the use of these numerical tools could lead to an improvement in the characterization of soft biological tissues.
Root:shoot ratio in developing seedlings: How seedlings change their allocation in response to seed mass and ambient nutrient supply
Authors: Mašková Tereza , Herben Tomáš 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRoot:shoot (R:S) biomass partitioning is one of the keys to the plants' ability to compensate for limiting resources in the environment and thus to survive and succeed in competition. In adult plants, it can vary in response to many factors, such as nutrient availability in the soil or reserves in the roots from the previous season. The question remains whether, at the interspecific level, reserves in seeds can affect seedlings' R:S ratio in a similar way. Proper allocation to resource‐acquiring organs is enormously important for seedlings and is likely to determine their survival and further success. Therefore, we investigated the effect of seed mass on seedling R:S biomass partitioning and its interaction with nutrient supply in the substrate. We measured seedling biomass partitioning under two different nutrient treatments after 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks for seventeen species differing in seed mass and covering. We used phylogenetically informed analysis to determine the independent influence of seed mass on seedling biomass partitioning. We found consistently lower R:S ratios in seedlings with higher seed mass. Expectedly, R:S was also lower with higher substrate nutrient supply, but substrate nutrient supply had a bigger effect on R:S ratio for species with higher seed mass. These findings point to the importance of seed reserves for the usage of soil resources. Generally, R:S ratio decreased over time and, similarly to the effect of substrate nutrients, R:S ratio decreased faster for large‐seeded species. We show that the seed mass determines the allocation patterns into new resource‐acquiring organs during seedling development. Large‐seeded species are more flexible in soil nutrient use. It is likely that faster development of shoots provides large‐seeded species with the key advantage in asymmetric above‐ground competition, and that this could constitute one of the selective factors for optimum seed mass.
Density‐dependent dispersal strategies in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Maag Nino , Cozzi Gabriele , Clutton‐Brock Tim , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDispersal is a key ecological process that influences the dynamics of spatially and socially structured populations and consists of three stages—emigration, transience, and settlement—and each stage is influenced by different social, individual, and environmental factors. Despite our appreciation of the complexity of the process, we lack a firm empirical understanding of the mechanisms underlying the different stages. Here, using data from 65 GPS‐collared dispersing female coalitions of the cooperatively breeding meerkat (Suricata suricatta), we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of population density, mate availability, dispersing coalition size, and individual factors on each of the three stages of dispersal in a wild population. We expected a positive effect of density on dispersal due to increased kin competition at high densities. We further anticipated positive effects of mate availability, coalition size, and body condition on dispersal success. We observed increasing daily emigration and settlement probabilities at high population densities. In addition, we found that emigration and settlement probabilities also increased at low densities and were lowest at medium densities. Daily emigration and settlement probabilities increased with increasing female coalition size and in the presence of unrelated males. Furthermore, the time individuals spent in the transient stage increased with population density, whereas coalition size and presence of unrelated males decreased dispersal distance. The observed nonlinear relationship between dispersal and population density is likely due to limited benefits of cooperation at low population densities and increased kin competition at high densities. Our study provides empirical validation for the theoretical predictions that population density is an important factor driving the evolution of delayed dispersal and philopatry in cooperative breeders.
Nudging people with Type 2 diabetes towards better self‐management through personalized risk communication: A pilot randomized controlled trial in primary care
Authors: Rouyard Thomas , Leal Jose , Baskerville Richard , Velardo Carmelo , Salvi Dario , Gray Alastair 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo assess the feasibility in routine primary care consultation and investigate the effect on risk recall and self‐management of a new type of risk communication intervention based on behavioural economics (“nudge‐based”) for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsForty adults with poorly controlled T2DM(HbA1c > 7.5%) were randomized to receive a personalized, nudge‐based risk communication intervention (n = 20) or standard care (n = 20). Risk recall and self‐management were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention.ResultsBoth in terms of feasibility and acceptability, this new risk communication intervention was very satisfactory. Study retention rate after 12 weeks was very high (90%) and participants were highly satisfied with the intervention (4.4 out of 5 on theCOMRADEscale). Although not powered to identify significant between‐group effects, the intervention significantly improved risk recall after 12 weeks and intentions to make lifestyle changes (dietary behaviour) compared to standard care.ConclusionsThis pilot study provides the first evidence of the feasibility of implementing in primary care a nudge‐based risk communication intervention for people with T2DM. Based on the promising results observed, an adequately powered trial to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on long‐term self‐management is judged feasible. As a result of this feasibility study, some minor adaptations to the intervention and study methods that would help to facilitate a definitive trial are also reported.
Prospective evaluation of integrated device diagnostics for heart failure management: results of the TRIAGE‐HF study
Authors: Virani Sean A. , Sharma Vinod , McCann Mary , Koehler Jodi , Tsang Bernice , Zieroth Shelley 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsThe primary aim of the TRIAGE‐HF trial was to correlate cardiac implantable electronic device‐generated heart failure risk status (HFRS) with signs, symptoms, and patient behaviours classically associated with worsening heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsTRIAGE‐HF enrolled 100 subjects with systolic HF implanted with a Medtronic high‐performance device and followed up at three Canadian HF centres. Study follow‐up was up to 8 months. The HFRS assigned each subject's overall risk of HF hospitalization in the next 30 days and also highlighted abnormal device parameters contributing to a patient's risk status at the time of remote data transmission. Subjects with a high HFRS were contacted by telephone to assess symptoms, and compliance with prescribed therapies, nutrition, and exercise. Clinician‐assessed risk and HFRS‐calculated risk were correlated at both study baseline and exit. Twenty‐four high HFRS occurrences were observed among 100 subjects. Device parameters associated with increased risk of HF hospitalization included OptiVol index (n = 20), followed by low patient activity (n = 18) and elevated night heart rate (n = 12). High HFRS was associated with symptoms of worsening HF in 63% of cases (n = 15) increasing to 83% of cases (n = 20) when non‐compliance with pharmacological therapies and lifestyle was considered.ConclusionsTRIAGE‐HF is the first study to provide prospective data on the distribution of abnormal device parameters contributing to high HFRS. High HFRS has good predictive accuracy for patient‐reported signs, symptoms, and behaviours associated with worsening HF status. As such, HFRS may be a useful tool for ambulatory HF monitoring to improve both patient‐centred and health system level outcomes.
IFN‐γ protects from apoptotic neutrophil‐mediated tissue injury during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection
Authors: Wang Guan , Lin Ang , Han Qiuju , Zhao Huajun , Tian Zhigang , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes (LM) is a foodborne Gram‐positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN‐γ‐producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN‐γ. IFN‐γ played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of Ifng−/− mice. Moreover, IFN‐γ promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM‐induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN‐γ could effectively drive macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF‐β secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN‐γ at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue‐protective effects.