bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery Strategies for Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Chen Qian , Wang Chao , Chen Guojun , Hu Quanyin , Gu Zhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade, which blocks the regulatory pathways that express on immune cells to improve antitumor immunological responses, is becoming one of the most promising approaches for antitumor therapy. This therapy has achieved important clinical advancement and provided a new opportunity against a variety of cancers. However, limitations of checkpoint inhibitors application, including the risk of autoimmune disease, low objective response rates, and high cost, still largely affect their broad applications in patients. Therefore, it is desirable to seek effective delivery methods to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce drawbacks of immune checkpoint blockade. This brief review summarizes strategies to increase the antitumor immunity, including the local and targeted delivery of checkpoint inhibitors, and a combination of different checkpoint inhibitors or with other therapeutic treatments.
Enhancing the Matrix Addressing of Flexible Sensory Arrays by a Highly Nonlinear Threshold Switch
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Wei , Leow Wan Ru , Wan Changjin , Chen Geng , Zeng Yi , Yu Jiancan , Liu Yaqing , Cai Pingqiang , Wang Hong , Ielmini Daniele , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe increasing need for smart systems in healthcare, wearable, and soft robotics is creating demand for low‐power sensory circuits that can detect pressure, temperature, strain, and other local variables. Among the most critical requirements, the matrix circuitry to address the individual sensor device must be sensitive, immune to disturbances, and flexible within a high‐density sensory array. Here, a strategy is reported to enhance the matrix addressing of a fully integrated flexible sensory array with an improvement of 108 fold in the maximum readout value of impedance by a bidirectional threshold switch. The threshold switch shows high flexibility (bendable to a radius of about 1 mm) and a high nonlinearity of ≈1010 by using a nanocontact structure strategy, which is revealed and validated by molecular dynamics simulations and experiments at variable mechanical stress. Such a flexible electronic switch enables a new generation of large‐scale flexible and stretchable electronic and optoelectronic systems.
Synthesis of Indenopyridine Derivatives via MgI2‐Promoted [2+4] Cycloaddition Reaction of In‐situ Generated 2‐Styrylmalonate from Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Chalconimines
Authors: Verma Kamal , Banerjee Prabal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn unexpected MgI2‐promoted [2+4] cycloaddition reaction of in‐situ generated 2‐styrylmalonate from donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with chalconimines to synthesize highly substituted indenopyridine derivatives under the mild reaction conditions have been developed. Additionally, these derivatives were utilized for the synthesis of highly substituted 9‐membered lactam by oxidative C=C bond cleavage and spiro[oxoindane‐pyrrolidine] derivative via Meinwald type rearrangement.magnified image
Kunststoffe der Zukunft? Der Einfluss von bioabbaubaren Polymeren auf Umwelt und Gesellschaft
Authors: Haider Tobias P. , Völker Carolin , Kramm Johanna , Landfester Katharina , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren sind die Vermüllung durch Kunststoffe und deren Persistenz in der Umwelt zu einem Schwerpunkt in Forschung und Nachrichten geworden. Bioabbaubare Polymere wie Polymilchsäure gelten als geeignete Alternativen zu Standardkunststoffen. Polymilchsäure ist jedoch im Meerwasser grundsätzlich nur schlecht abbaubar. In ähnlicher Weise hängt die Abbaurate von anderen bioabbaubaren Polymeren auch entscheidend von der Umgebung ab, in der sie enden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz zeigt, dass Abbautests unter Laborbedingungen nicht auf reale Bedingungen übertragbar sind und daher ökologisch authentische und relevante Feldtestbedingungen erforderlich sind. Zudem werden ökotoxikologische Folgen von bioabbaubaren Polymeren erwogen. Auch soziale Aspekte werden betrachtet, und die Frage wird gestellt, wie bioabbaubare Polymere das Konsumverhalten und die kommunale Abfallwirtschaft beeinflussen. Dies soll einen Beitrag zur Bewertung des Potenzials bioabbaubarer Polymere als alternative Materialien zu Standardkunststoffen leisten.
Synthesis and characterization of a Ni nanoparticle stabilized on Ionic liquid‐functionalized magnetic Silica nanoparticles for tandem oxidative reaction of primary alcohols
Authors: Hosseinzadeh‐Khanmiri Rahim , Kamel Yaser , Keshvari Zahra , Mobaraki Ahmad , Shahverdizadeh Gholam Hossein , Vessally Esmail , Babazadeh Mirzaagha 
Published: July 2018

In this research, preparation of the magnetic nanoparticle, coating by a silica shell using (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and synthesis of a novel sulfonic acid‐substituted imidazolium‐based ionic liquid onto the surface of these particles via a multi‐component reaction, is described. The functionalized nanoparticles was loaded by Ni nanoparticles and characterized by means of techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA and ICP‐OES. The nanostructures have spherical shapes that ranged in size from 80 to 100 nm. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles was tested in aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols that showed good performance in the wide range of primary alcohols in water at mild reaction conditions. As a second step of this work, the tandem oxidative synthesis of alkylacrylonitriles and bisindolylmethanes were investigated using primary alcohols under oxidation conditions. This catalyst system can be recovered using external magnet and reused for five consecutive cycles without significantly less of its activity.
Integration of GPR and magnetics to study the interior features and history of earth mounds, Mapoon, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Conyers Lawrence B. , St Pierre Emma J. , Sutton Mary‐Jean , Walker Chet 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe nature of earth mounds and their function over time in northern Australia is of ongoing academic debate. Here we present how the integration of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic data, after being adjusted for surface elevation changes, was used to analyse the interior features and objects within six earth mounds in Mapoon, western Cape York, Australia. These geophysical techniques were merged and interpreted jointly to produce images of the stratigraphic units and objects within the mounds to determine their extent and composition. It was found that some mounds were built over burned areas that contain large objects on the original ground surface. Those modified areas were then converted into substantial earth mounds, which reach a maximum height of about 4 m. Other mounds nearby show no evidence of pre‐construction burning. In one mound cluster the western three mounds contain human burials that were visualized using GPR profile interpretation. The nearby eastern three mounds were devoid of human burials, but contained many of the pre‐mound burned features seen in those just a few hundred metres to the west. The close proximity of these six mounds, with very different associated features and internal objects suggests that they are related in some way, but differed in their function. It is also possible that they were constructed at different times by different people. The data analysis techniques presented in this article assists with further opportunities to undertake non‐destructive investigations of these earth mounds that are culturally appropriate to living Aboriginal people. They will also help to resolve the function and possible importance of these constructed features over time.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of three alkaloids in normal and acute hepatitis rats after oral administration of Yanhuanglian total alkaloids extract
Authors: Dai Guoliang , Sun Bingting , Wu Lei , Gao Xiaojun , Song Shanshan , Sun Hong , Ju Wenzheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcute hepatitis is a severe inflammatory disease with high mortality rates. Dehydrocavidine (DC), berberine (BB) and palmatine (PT), the bioactive components of Yanhuanglian total alkaloids extract (YTAE), may play important roles in its protective effect against acute hepatitis. The present study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of DC, BB and PT after oral administration of YTAE in normal and acute hepatitis rats. The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of three major bioactive alkaloids from YTAE were analyzed using an LC‐MS/MS method. It was found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of DC, BB and PT represented a statistically significant difference (p ˂ 0.05) between the normal rats and the acute hepatitis rats after administration of YTAE. The results indicated that the Cmax, T1/2β and AUC of DC, BB and PT in acute hepatitis rats were significantly increased, whereas the CL and Vd values were remarkably decreased (p ˂ 0.05) over those of the normal rats. The results suggested that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the active constituents from YTAE could be changed when it was used in acute hepatitis animals, which provide a meaningful basis for developing a clinical dosage regimen in the treatment of acute hepatitis by YTAE.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Imines from Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Azizi Kobra , Madsen Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA molybdenum N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of imines from primary alcohols and amines with the liberation of dihydrogen. The catalyst is generated in situ from molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,3‐dicyclohexylimidazolium chloride and potassium tert‐butoxide and is further stabilized by the phosphine ligand dppe. Imines are formed in moderate to good isolated yields and a variety of alcohols and amines can be employed in the reaction including anilines. The transformation constitutes the first example of a homogeneous molybdenum‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling with alcohols and is believed to proceed by formation of a cis‐coordinated molybdenum bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complex, which performs an oxidative addition to the alcohol, β‐hydride elimination and reductive elimination of dihydrogen.
Metal‐Free Flexible Protonated g‐C3N4/Carbon Dots Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wei Yankuan , Wang Zhiqiang , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA metal‐free flexible protonated g‐C3N4/carbon dots (pCN/C dots) photoanode has been fabricated on polyethylene terephtalate (PET) /indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by a facile room temperature electrophoretic approach. The pCN/C dots photoanode gives an increased anodic photocurrent of 38 μA/cm2 at 1 V vs. RHE under illumination with simulated one sun conditions, which is about 3 times higher than that of the pristine pCN. The improved photoresponse of the pCN/C dots film was found as a result from enhanced light absorption and decreased charge transfer resistance with the incorporation of C dots. The successful deposition of pCN/C dots on flexible conductive PET substrate holds promising application in multiple electronic and photoelectronic devices.
Mo‐Doped Ni3S2 Nanowires as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Du Cheng , Men Yana , Hei Xiuze , Yu Jiahao , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe search for highly active and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is essential for renewable energy technologies. Here, 3D Mo‐doped Ni3S2 nanowire networks directly grown on Ni foam through a successive hydrothermal and sulfidization process have been synthesized. Thanks to the unique 3D hierarchical nanowire networks and efficient Mo doping, the as‐synthesized Mo‐doped Ni3S2/NF exhibits superior catalytic activities and stability toward HER/OER, with overpotentials of 61 and 213 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, when used as both anode and cathode for overall water splitting, a cell voltage of 1.485 V is required to achieve a current density of 10 at mA cm−2 in alkaline solution.
New Experimental Evidences Regarding Conformational Equilibrium in Ammonium−Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gontrani Lorenzo , Trequattrini Francesco , Palumbo Oriele , Bencivenni Luigi , Paolone Annalisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe X‐ray scattering patterns of the two ionic liquids, N‐trimethyl‐N‐propylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TMPA‐TFSI) and N‐trimethyl‐N‐hexylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TMHA‐TFSI), sharing a common anion and differing in the length of the alkyl chain of the cation, were measured at room temperature. Molecular dynamics calculations supported the interpretation of the data. The two force‐field models, GAFF and DLPOLY 4, were adopted to simulate the scattering patterns. Both of them are able to reproduce the main peaks of the experimental data; however, the DLPOLY model seems to better reproduce the finer details. Moreover, from the simulations, the concentration of the two conformers of TFSI are derived. The comparison with previously reported infrared spectroscopy measurements suggests that also under this aspect the DPOLY model has a better agreement with the experiments.
Practical Guidelines for Shell‐Isolated Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Hartman Thomas , Wondergem Caterina S. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractShell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) has proven to be a useful characterization tool for heterogeneous catalysis research. The advantage of SHINERS lies in studying surface reactions on solid catalysts, including the detection of reactants, intermediates and products, in real time. However, due to the extremely strong local electric fields, minor amounts of contaminants can already have a big impact on the quality and interpretation of the spectroscopic data obtained. Often, a large part of the organic fingerprint region (1100–1700 cm−1) is omitted from SHINER spectra as this is not the main region of interest. However, we show that bands in this region are an important indication of the cleanliness of the substrate. In this work, we propose robust synthesis and measurement protocols to obtain clean SHINERS substrates amenable for catalysis research. By cleaning the substrates with various heat and oxidation treatments, featureless Raman spectra can be obtained. Furthermore, very pure gas feeds are required and must be obtained by flushing the gas lines and the reaction chamber beforehand and installing a filter for further cleaning the gas feed. Controlling the laser power to limit substrate and sample degradation is also a crucial aspect of proper measurement protocols.
Tripodal N‐Functionalized Arylazo‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole Derivatives of Trimesic Acid: Photochromic Materials for Rewritable Imaging Applications
Authors: Devi Sudha , Gaur Ankit Kumar , Gupta Debapriya , Saraswat Mayank , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of solid‐state photochromic materials is both challenging and important considering their potential applications. Herein, we report the development of tripodal N‐functionalized arylazo‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole derivatives of trimesic acid as a new class of photochromic materials for rewritable imaging applications. The highlights of this class of compounds are a high percentage ZZZ‐photoisomerization, a long half‐life for the ZZZ‐isomer and good solubility, facilitating solution processing. Furthermore, all derivatives exhibit photochromism in the solid state. Remarkably, most of the synthesized compounds also show contrasting colour changes rendering them useful in rewritable imaging applications.
Corporate reputation and firms' performance: Evidence from Spain
Authors: González Sánchez Mariano , Morales de Vega María Encina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReputational risk is negatively perceived by stakeholders and economic agents, and can cause negative future effects on sustainability, corporate image and stakeholder engagement. This study analyzes and selects bad news regarding a sample of Spanish listed companies and uses it to explain abnormal returns and liquidity risk, to better understand how decisions should be taken in the future in a more innovative and sustainable way. The results indicate that there are negative reputational effects on excess returns and trading volume variations, and positive effects on volatility. Additionally, an increase in illiquidity is implied. The inclusion of bad reputational news in the model improves its goodness of fit by between 1.25% and 3%.
Performance evaluation and implementation of convolution coded OFDM modem in wireless underwater acoustic communication
Authors: Challa Padmasree , Mosa Satya Anuradha 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHigh‐data transmission rate and reliable communication in underwater acoustic channel is challenging because of limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler shift, which results in poor bit error performance. Under this constraint, this paper explains the simulation results of underwater wireless acoustic data transmission system by using quadrature phase shift keying modulation with convolution encoder at the transmitter and proposed Viterbi decoder at the receiver. The decoder algorithm in comparison with MATLAB inbuilt function shows asserting improved results. This paper evaluates the performance of convolution coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modem, which is studied over typical underwater channel through an extensive computer simulation and a semirealistic experimentation. The performance of convolution coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is measured in time domain plots, bit error rate curves, and number of bit errors per frame over additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh channel conditions.
Pilot contamination mitigation based on antenna subset transmission for mmWave massive MIMO
Authors: Smaili Nessrine , Djeddou Mustapha , Azrar Arab 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper tackles the problem of pilot contamination (PC) in mmWave Massive MIMO cellular systems. We propose an analog precoder based on antenna subset transmission technique to mitigate the PC. This technique ensures the interfering signal to become noise‐like signal thus helping a more efficient estimation of channel coefficients. Also, this strategy is low cost and introduces no complexity load. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed precoder to mitigate PC issue.
Biomass carbon storages and carbon sequestration potentials of the Grain for Green Program‐Covered Forests in China
Authors: Wang Kaibo , Hu Dongfeng , Deng Juan , Shangguan Zhouping , Deng Lei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Grain for Green Program (GGP) was the most all‐embracing program of ecological reconstruction implemented in China. To estimate carbon storages and carbon sequestration potentials of the GGP forests, the study presented in the paper collected data spanning from 1999 to 2010, such as tree species, tree planting area relevant to the GGP, empirical growth curves suitable for different planted tree species in China, as well as wood density (WD), biomass expansion factor (BEF), carbon fraction (CF) of different trees species, and estimated the carbon storages of the biomasses of GGP forests from 1999 to 2050. It showed that the total carbon storage of the biomass of GGP forests was 320.29 Tg upon the GGP completion in 2010; the total carbon sequestration is higher during the early GGP‐implementation stage than at the late GGP‐implementation stage, and the annual mean carbon sequestration of GGP forests was 26.69 Tg/year. The potential of GGP forests as carbon sink presented an increasing increment. In China, the potential increments of GGP forests as carbon sinks were estimated to be 397.34, 604.00, 725.53, and 808.90 Tg in 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively, and the carbon sequestration rates were 1.72, 0.89, 0.52, and 0.36 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively, corresponding to 2010s, 2020s, 2030s, and 2040s. Therefore, the GGP forests had bigger carbon sequestration capacities and potentials in China.
Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation favor range expansion of a Neotropical palm
Authors: Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Oliveira Giancarlo C. X. , Zucchi Maria I. , Novello Mariana , van Melis Juliano , Zocchi Silvio S. , Chazdon Robin L. , Rodrigues Ricardo R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the most intriguing questions in plant ecology is which evolutionary strategy allows widely distributed species to increase their ecological range and grow in changing environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptations are major processes governing species range margins, but little is known about their relative contribution for tree species distribution in tropical forest regions. We investigated the relative role of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in the ecological distribution of the widespread palm Euterpe edulis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Genetic sampling and experiments were performed in old‐growth remnants of two forest types with higher (Seasonal Semideciduous Forests vs. Submontane Rainforest) and lower biogeographic association and environmental similarities (Submontane Rainforest vs. Restinga Forest). We first assessed the molecular genetic differentiation among populations, focusing on the group of loci potentially under selection in each forest, using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) outliers. Further, we looked for potential adaptive divergence among populations in a common garden experiment and in reciprocal transplants for two plant development phases: seedling establishment and sapling growth. Analysis with outlier loci indicated that all individuals from the Semideciduous Forest formed a single group, while another group was formed by overlapping individuals from Submontane Rainforest and Restinga Forest. Molecular differentiation was corroborated by reciprocal transplants, which yielded strong evidence of local adaptations for seedling establishment in the biogeographically divergent Rainforest and Semideciduous Forest, but not for Restinga Forest and Submontane Rainforest. Phenotypic plasticity for palm seedling establishment favors range expansion to biogeographically related or recently colonized forest types, while persistence in the newly colonized ecosystem may be favored by local adaptations if climatic conditions diverge over time, reducing gene flow between populations. SNPs obtained by next‐generation sequencing can help exploring adaptive genetic variation in tropical trees, which impose several challenges to the use of reciprocal transplants.