bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Nanoinjection‐Based Nanoliter Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Yun Juanli , Zheng Xiaowei , Xu Peng , Zheng Xu , Xu Jingyue , Cao Chen , Fu Yusi , Xu Bingxue , Dai Xin , Wang Yi , Liu Hongtao , Yi Qiaolian , Zhu Yaxin , Wang Jian , Wang Li , Dong Zhiyang , Huang Li , Huang Yanyi , Du Wenbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐cell analysis offers unprecedented resolution for the investigation of cellular heterogeneity and the capture of rare cells from large populations. Here, described is a simple method named interfacial nanoinjection (INJ), which can miniaturize various single‐cell assays to be performed in nanoliter water‐in‐oil droplets on standard microwell plates. The INJ droplet handler can adjust droplet volumes for multistep reactions on demand with high precision and excellent monodispersity, and consequently enables a wide range of single‐cell assays. Importantly, INJ can be coupled with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), which is currently the most effective and accurate single‐cell sorting and isolation method. FACS‐INJ pipelines for high‐throughput plate well‐based single‐cell analyses, including single‐cell proliferation, drug‐resistance testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse‐transcription PCR, and whole‐genome sequencing are introduced. This FACS‐INJ pipeline is compatible with a wide range of samples and can be extended to various single‐cell analysis applications in microbiology, cell biology, and biomedical diagnostics.
Magneto‐Ionic Switching of Superparamagnetism
Authors: Gößler Markus , Albu Mihaela , Klinser Gregor , Steyskal Eva‐Maria , Krenn Heinz , Würschum Roland 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reactions represent a promising approach to control magnetization via electric fields. Favorable reaction kinetics have made nanoporous materials particularly interesting for magnetic tuning experiments. A fully reversible ON and OFF switching of magnetism in nanoporous Pd(Co) at room temperature is demonstrated, triggered by electrochemical hydrogen sorption. Comprehensive magnetic characterization in combination with high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of Co‐rich, nanometer‐sized clusters in the nanoporous Pd matrix with distinct superparamagnetic behavior. The strong magneto‐ionic effect arises from coupling of the magnetic clusters via a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida‐type interaction in the Pd matrix which is strengthened upon hydrogen sorption. This approach offers a new pathway for the voltage control of magnetism, for application in spintronic or microelectromagnetic devices.
HPRT and Purine Salvaging Are Critical for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function
Authors: Vogel Mona , Moehrle Bettina , Brown Andreas , Eiwen Karina , Sakk Vadim , Geiger Hartmut 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity of the hematopoietic system through self-renewal and differentiation. Metabolism is recognized as an important regulatory entity controlling stem cells. As purine nucleotides are essential for metabolic functions, we analyzed the role of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)-associated purine salvaging in HSCs. Here, we demonstrate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) show a strong dependence on HPRT-associated purine salvaging. HSPCs with lower HPRT activity had a severely reduced competitive repopulation ability upon transplantation. Strikingly, HPRT deficiency resulted in altered cell-cycle progression, proliferation kinetics and mitochondrial membrane potential primarily in the HSC compartment, whereas more committed progenitors were less affected. Our data thus imply a unique and important role of HPRT and the purine salvage pathway for HSC function. Stem Cells 2019;37:1606–1614
Electrical Stimulation of pediatric cardiac-derived c-kit+ progenitor cells improves retention and cardiac function in right ventricular heart failure
Authors: Maxwell Joshua T. , Trac David , Shen Ming , Brown Milton E. , Davis Michael E. , Chao Myra S. , Supapannachart Krittin J. , Zaladonis Carly A. , Baker Emily , Li Martin L. , Zhao Jennifer , Jacobs Daniel I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nearly 1 in every 120 children born has a congenital heart defect. Although surgical therapy has improved survival, many of these children go on to develop right ventricular heart failure (RVHF). The emergence of cardiovascular regenerative medicine as a potential therapeutic strategy for pediatric HF has provided new avenues for treatment with a focus on repairing or regenerating the diseased myocardium to restore cardiac function. Although primarily tried using adult cells and adult disease models, stem cell therapy is relatively untested in the pediatric population. Here, we investigate the ability of electrical stimulation (ES) to enhance the retention and therapeutic function of pediatric cardiac-derived c-kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs) in an animal model of RVHF. Human CPCs isolated from pediatric patients were exposed to chronic ES and implanted into the RV myocardium of rats. Cardiac function and cellular retention analysis showed electrically stimulated CPCs (ES-CPCs) were retained in the heart at a significantly higher level and longer time than control CPCs and also significantly improved right ventricular functional parameters. ES also induced upregulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion genes and increased in vitro survival and adhesion of cells. Specifically, upregulation of β1 and β5 integrins contributed to the increased retention of ES-CPCs. Lastly, we show that ES induces CPCs to release higher levels of pro-reparative factors in vitro. These findings suggest that ES can be used to increase the retention, survival, and therapeutic effect of human c-kit+ progenitor cells and can have implications on a variety of cell-based therapies. Stem Cells 2019;37:1528–1541
Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation by Modulating AMPK/ULK1-Dependent Autophagy
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Xuenan , Zhu Yuan , Du Yangge , Liu Xuejiao , Lv Longwei , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Ping , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) is a rate-limiting enzyme that plays critical roles in multiple physiological processes. The decompensation of PCK2 leads to various energy metabolic disorders. However, little is known regarding the effects of PCK2 on osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we report a novel function of PCK2 as a positive regulator of MSCs osteogenic differentiation. In addition to its well-known role in anabolism, we demonstrate that PCK2 regulates autophagy. PCK2 deficiency significantly suppressed autophagy, leading to the impairment of osteogenic capacity of MSCs. On the other hand, autophagy was promoted by PCK2 overexpression; this was accompanied by increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Moreover, PCK2 regulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1)-dependent autophagy. Collectively, our present study unveiled a novel role for PCK2 in integrating autophagy and bone formation, providing a potential target for stem cell-based bone tissue engineering that may lead to improved therapies for metabolic bone diseases. Stem Cells 2019;37:1542–1555
Nonlinear finite element model for interface between anchoraged carbon fiber reinforced polymer and concrete surface
Authors: Sakin Shaimaa , Anil Özgür 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the current study, a new approach to represent the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fan type anchors in finite element analysis is produced. That method is based on increasing the bonding strength between CFRP and concrete over a specific area where the CFRP anchor penetrates the concrete. It was implemented by using new bond‐slip model to represent the interface between CFRP strip and concrete over a specific area where the CFRP anchors penetrate the concrete; the parameters of the proposed bond‐slip model are related to the parameters of the unanchored bond‐slip model proposed by Lu et al. Eng Struct. 2005;27:920–937. These parameters were estimated by fitting of the finite element analysis results to available experimental results from the literature published by one of the authors. The results obtained by using the proposed model showed a good agreement with those from experimental results.
Analyzing the factors affecting environmental risks of projects using a hybrid approach of DEMATEL‐ANP, artificial neural network: A case study
Authors: Ershadi Mohammad Javad , Ashtiyani Fatemeh Karimi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increasing growth of the economy in each country necessitates a great amount of investment in infrastructure. The belief that projects involve various uncertainties, such as technical skills, management quality, and the like, indicates that most projects fail to achieve their aims, interests, costs, as well as their timeframes and space requirements. As the environment can pose significant uncertainty to any project, environmental risks should be deeply studied by project management departments. This study intends to analyze as a case the environmental risk management system within a consulting firm. From this analysis, each aspect of a project's environmental risk management is ranked using a fuzzy analytical network process (ANP), a neural network algorithm, and a decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology. From the organizational aspect, budget risk is the most significant. From the technical aspect, the risk of regulations is the most important one. Finally, the risk of project failure from poor communication is another identified main risk in this research. By studying high‐ranking items in this hierarchy, it can be understood that these criteria exist in different aspects; therefore, all aspects of the risk should be taken into account to cover and assess risk. A neural network algorithm for validating and reassessment of ranking is employed. Results of this application showed that, based on Spearman's rank correlation method, two different approaches resulted in similar rankings. Finally, some practical implications for responding to the most highly ranked risks are proposed.
Advances of functional nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapeutic applications
Authors: Hao Yuhao , Zhou Xingyu , Li Rui , Song Zechenxi , Min Yuanzeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmunotherapy has made great progress by modulating the body's own immune system to fight against cancer cells. However, the low response rates of related drugs limit the development of immunotherapy strategies. Fortunately, the advantages of nanotechnology can just make up for this shortcoming. Nanocarriers of diverse systems are utilized to co‐deliver antigens and adjuvants, combined with drugs for immunomodulatory, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic. Here we review recent studies on immunotherapy with biomimetic, organic, and inorganic nanomaterials. They are going to potentially overcome the drawbacks in cancer immunotherapy with delivering immunomodulatory drugs, delivering cancer vaccine, and monitoring the immune systems.This article is characterized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
CAOS: CAD as an Adaptive Open-Platform Service for High Performance Reconfigurable Systems
Authors: Rabozzi Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increasing demand for computing power in fields such as genomics, image processing and machine learning is pushing towards hardware specialization and heterogeneous systems in order to keep up with the required performance level at sustainable power consumption. Among the available solutions, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), thanks to their advancements, currently represent a very promising candidate, offering a compelling trade-off between efficiency and flexibility. Despite the potential benefits of reconfigurable hardware, one of the main limiting factor to the widespread adoption of FPGAs is complexity in programmability, as well as the effort required to port software solutions to efficient hardware-software implementations. In this chapter, we present CAD as an Adaptive Open-platform Service (CAOS), a platform to guide the application developer in the implementation of efficient hardware-software solutions for high performance reconfigurable systems. The platform assists the designer from the high-level analysis of the code, towards the optimization and implementation of the functionalities to be accelerated on the reconfigurable nodes. Finally, CAOS is designed to facilitate the integration of external contributions and to foster research on Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools for accelerating software applications on FPGA-based systems.
Green turtle diet is dominated by seagrass in the Western Indian Ocean except amongst gravid females
Authors: Stokes Holly J. , Mortimer Jeanne A. , Hays Graeme C. , Unsworth Richard K. F. , Laloë Jacques-Olivier , Esteban Nicole 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are key herbivores of tropical and subtropical neritic habitats and play a major role in structuring seagrass meadows. We present the first detailed assessment of green turtle diet in the Western Indian Ocean using the gut contents of salvaged animals from three atolls in the Republic of Seychelles separated from each other by 400–825 km: Cosmoledo (adults, n = 12), Farquhar (adults, n = 33; immature, n = 1) collected in 1982–1983; and Desroches (immatures, n = 8) in 2016–2018. We report the first comparison of the diets of gravid females (n = 17), males (n = 26) and non-breeding females (n = 2) at sites providing both foraging and breeding habitat. Seagrass (mostly Thalassodendron ciliatum) dominated the diet, accounting for 95% of the mean gut content biomass for males and non-breeding females but only 58% for gravid females, alongside relatively large amounts of substrate (14%) and macroalgae (13%). Satellite tracking of post-nesting green turtles from Chagos Archipelago in 2016 located foraging sites at Farquhar Atoll that coincided with capture locations of 26 of the 33 adult turtles sampled there in 1983. In situ surveys of those sites in 2018 revealed extensive nearly monospecific beds of T. ciliatum. The prominence of seagrass in the diet of green turtles and connectivity between foraging and nesting habitats throughout the region illustrate the need to conserve and monitor seagrass habitats of the Western Indian Ocean especially in the context of changing green turtle population densities.
Understanding Thyroidectomy Cost Variations Among National Cancer Institute‐Designated Cancer Centers
Authors: Wu Si‐Yuan , Terrell John , Park Anne , Perrier Nancy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cost of thyroidectomy varies across the USA, while the causes of this variation are poorly understood. We examined the cost of inpatient thyroidectomy among National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer centers nationwide to determine why it differs.MethodsA retrospective study of inpatient thyroidectomies was performed using the Vizient Clinical Data Base. Fifty‐two of 70 eligible hospitals were grouped into five geographic regions (Mid‐Atlantic and New England, East Central, South Atlantic, West Central, and Mountain and Pacific). We identified drivers of cost variation in the five geographic regions and used risk adjustment model to evaluate the rationality of cost from each hospital.ResultsMale sex, more extended hospital stays, and occurrence of complications were consistently associated with increased costs in all regions. Also, the cost was significantly lower in the Mid‐Atlantic and New England region. The higher than expected costs did not correlate well with the case mix index among hospitals (p = 0.289), but the lower than expected costs were more common in high‐volume hospitals. The average length of stay was the shortest in high‐volume hospitals, which might account for the lower cost in the Mid‐Atlantic and New England region; however, the overages of costs still varied widely among hospitals in all regions even if the length of stay was adjusted.ConclusionsCost variation may result from both patient‐related factors and volume‐related practice pattern differences among hospitals. A more standard of care and charge transparency is still needed for patients seeking affordable care at cancer centers.
SITES: Solar Iterative Temperature Emission Solver for Differential Emission Measure Inversion of EUV Observations
Authors: Morgan Huw , Pickering James 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images of the optically-thin solar corona in multiple spectral channels give information on the emission as a function of temperature through differential emission measure (DEM) inversions. The aim of this paper is to describe, test, and apply a new DEM method named the Solar Iterative Temperature Emission Solver (SITES). The method creates an initial DEM estimate through a direct redistribution of observed intensities across temperatures according to the temperature response function of the measurement, and iteratively improves on this estimate through calculation of intensity residuals. It is simple in concept and implementation, is non-subjective in the sense that no prior constraints are placed on the solutions other than positivity and smoothness, and can process a thousand DEMs a second on a standard desktop computer. The resulting DEMs replicate model DEMs well in tests on Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamics Observatory (AIA/SDO) synthetic data. The same tests show that SITES performs less well on very narrow DEM peaks, and should not be used for temperature diagnostics below ${\approx\,}0.5~\mbox{MK}$≈0.5MK in the case of AIA observations. The SITES accuracy of inversion compares well with two other established methods. A simple yet powerful new method to visualize DEM maps is introduced, based on a fractional emission measure (FEM). Applied to a set of AIA full-disk images, the SITES method and FEM visualization show very effectively the dominance of certain temperature regimes in different large-scale coronal structures. The method can easily be adapted for any multi-channel observations of optically-thin plasma and, given its simplicity and efficiency, will facilitate the processing of large existing and future datasets.
Invasive mould infections in solid organ transplant patients: modifiers and indicators of disease and treatment response
Authors: Welte Tobias , Len Oscar , Muñoz Patricia , Romani Luigina , Lewis Russell , Perrella Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeInvasive mould infections, in particular invasive aspergillosis (IA), are comparatively frequent complications of immunosuppression in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT). Guidelines provide recommendations as to the procedures to be carried out to diagnose and treat IA, but only limited advice for SOT recipients.MethodsLiterature review and expert consensus summarising the existing evidence related to prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment and assessment of response to IA and infections byMucoralesin SOT patientsResultsResponse to therapy should be assessed early and at regular intervals. No indications of improvement should lead to a prompt change of the antifungal treatment, to account for possible infections byMucoralesor other moulds such asScedosporium. Imaging techniques, especially CT scan and possibly angiography carried out at regular intervals during early and long-term follow-up and coupled with a careful clinical diagnostic workout, should be evaluated as diagnostic tools and outcome predictors, and standardised to improve therapy monitoring. The role of biomarkers such as the galactomannan test and PCR, as well as selected inflammation parameters, has not yet been definitively assessed in the SOT population and needs to be studied further. The therapeutic workup should consider a reduction of immunosuppressive therapy.ConclusionsThe role of immunosuppression and immune tolerance mechanisms in the response to invasive fungal infection treatment is an important factor in the SOT population and should not be underestimated. The choice of the antifungal should consider not only their toxicity but also their effects on the immune system, two features that are intertwined.
Smooth Muscle Differentiation of Penile Stem/Progenitor Cells Induced by Microenergy Acoustic Pulses In Vitro
Authors: Peng Dongyi , Yuan Huixing , Liu Tianshu , Wang Tianyu , Reed-Maldonado Amanda B. , Kang Ning , Banie Lia , Wang Guifang , Tang Yuxin , He Leye , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Modulating tissue-resident stem and progenitor cells with a non-invasive, mechanobiological intervention is an optimal approach for tissue regeneration. Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) has been identified as a stem cell marker within many organs but never within the penis.

Aim
To localize and isolate penile stem/progenitor cells (PSPCs) and to evaluate cellular differentiation after exposure to induction medium and microenergy acoustic pulse (MAP) therapy.

Methods
Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to isolate PSPCs. Isolation was followed by stem cell characterization and differentiation assays. The PSPCs were then treated with MAP (0.033 mJ/mm2, 1 Hz) at various dosages (25, 50, 100, and 200 pulses) and for different durations (1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours) in vitro.

Main Outcome Measure
The PSPCs (Sca-1-positive cells) were isolated using the magnetic-activated cell sorting system. PSPC cellular differentiation was assessed after induction with induction medium and with MAP in vitro. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was also assayed.

Results
The PSPCs were successfully localized within the penile subtunic and perisinusoidal spaces, and they were successfully isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting. The stemness of the cells was confirmed by stem cell marker characterization and by multiple differentiation into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and neurons. MAP-induced PSPCs differentiated into smooth muscle cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a time- and dosage-dependent manner.

Clinical Implications
By modulating resident PSPCs, MAP may have utility in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Strengths & Limitations
This study provides solid evidence in support of microenergy therapies, including both MAP and low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy, for the treatment of ED. Additional studies are needed and should include additional stem cells markers. Furthermore, studies exploring the underling mechanisms for PSPC activation and differentiation are required.

Conclusion
PSPCs were successfully identified, localized, and isolated. Additionally, MAP provoked PSPCs to differentiate into smooth muscle cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As such, MAP provides a novel method for activating endogenous tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells and might facilitate stem cell regenerative therapy targeting ED.