bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of malignancy‐associated phosphoproteome changes in human colorectal cancer induced by cell surface binding of growth‐inhibitory galectin‐4
Authors: Michalak Malwina , Warnken Uwe , Schnölzer Martina , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Kopitz Jürgen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence on efficient tumor growth regulation by endogenous lectins directs interest to determine on a proof‐of‐principle level the range of information on alterations provided by full‐scale analysis using phosphoproteomics. In our pilot study, we tested galectin‐4 (gal‐4) that is a growth inhibitor for colon cancer cells (CRC), here working with the LS 180 line. In order to cover monitoring of short‐ and long‐term effects stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture‐based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted on LS 180 cell preparations collected 1 and 72 h after adding gal‐4 to the culture medium. After short‐term treatment, 981 phosphosites, all of them S/T based, were detected by phosphoproteomics. Changes higher than 1.5‐fold were seen for eight sites in seven proteins. Most affected were the BET1 homolog (BET1), whose level of phosphorylation at S50 was about threefold reduced, and centromere protein F (CENPF), extent of phosphorylation at S3119 doubling in gal‐4‐treated cells. Phosphoproteome analysis after 72 h of treatment revealed marked changes at 33 S/T‐based phosphosites from 29 proteins. Prominent increase of phosphorylation was observed for cofilin‐1 at position S3. Extent of phosphorylation of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 at position S503 was decreased by a factor of 3. Altered phosphorylation of BET1, CENPF, and cofilin‐1 as well as a significant effect of gal‐4 treatment on glutamine uptake by cells were substantiated by independent methods in the Vaco 432, Colo 205, CX 1, and HCT 116 cell lines. With the example of gal‐4 which functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, we were able to prove that cell surface binding of the lectin not only markedly influences the cell proteome, but also has a bearing on malignancy‐associated intracellular protein phosphorylation.These results underscore the potential of this approach to give further work on elucidating the details of signaling underlying galectin‐triggered growth inhibition a clear direction. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):364–375, 2019
Vitamin E – The Next 100 Years
Authors: Khadangi Fatemeh , Azzi Angelo 
Published: December 2018

Abstractα‐Tocopherol is the only tocopherol that has been shown to prevent the human deficiency disease Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED), and thus it is the only one that, for humans, can be called vitamin E. Vitamin E in addition to preventing AVED has documented immune boosting properties and an activity against nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis and low‐grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin E could prevent cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration, and cancer were in general not confirmed by clinical intervention studies. Vitamin E and some of its metabolites modulate cell signaling and gene transcription. Future research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the molecular events leading to gene regulation by vitamin E, especially in its phosphorylated form. Isolation and characterization of the vitamin E kinase and vitamin E phosphate phosphatase will help in the understanding of cell regulation processes modulated by vitamin E. A clarification of the pathogenesis of AVED remains an important goal to be achieved. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):411–415, 2019
Roles for HB-EGF in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Skeletal Growth
Authors: Li Ping , Deng Qi , Liu Jiajia , Yan Jianshe , Wei Zhanying , Zhang Zhenlin , Liu Huijuan , Li Baojie 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

HB-EGF, a member of the EGF superfamily, plays important roles in development and tissue regeneration. However, its functions in skeletal stem cells and skeleton development and growth remain poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/LoxP system to ablate or express HB-EGF in Dermo1+ mesenchymal stromal cells and their progenies, including chondrocytes and osteoblast lineage cells, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Dermo1-Cre; HB-EGFf/f mice only showed a modest increase in bone mass, whereas Dermo1-HB-EGF mice developed progressive chondrodysplasia, chondroma, osteoarthritis-like joint defects, and loss of bone mass and density, which were alleviated by treatment with EGFR inhibitor AG1478. The cartilage defects were recapitulated in chondrocyte-specific HB-EGF overexpression (Col2-HB-EGF) mice with a lesser severity. Dermo1-HB-EGF mice showed an increase in proliferation but defects in differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. HB-EGF promoted BMSC proliferation via the Akt1 and Erk pathways but inhibited BMSC differentiation via restraining Smad1/5/8 activation. However, Dermo1-HB-EGF mice showed normal osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. These results reveal an important function of autocrine or paracrine HB-EGF in mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation and suggest that EGF signaling needs to be tightly controlled to maintain bone and articular cartilage integrity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
RS7435335 located in the UGT2B7 gene may be a possible genetic marker for the clinical response and prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Mou Peng , Wang HuiJun , An Liping , Yin Qiang , Chang Juan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive efficacy and prognostic value of rs7435335 located in the UGT2B7 gene as a genetic marker in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsA total of 190 patients with breast cancer treated with NAC were enrolled to detect the rs7435335 SNP by sequenom. Miller‐Payne grades were used to evaluate the treatment efficacy. The association between rs7435335 and chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis was analyzed.ResultsAltogether, 42 cases (22.1%) achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). The results of the univariate analysis showed that rs7435335 had no statistically significant difference with pCR and Miller‐Payne grades (P > 0.05). When grouping was done in accordance with the ER status, the pCR and Miller‐Payne grades significantly associated with rs7435335 (
P < 0.05) only in the ER‐negative group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that rs7435335 in the ER‐negative group was an independent predictor of pCR (
P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that the disease‐free survival (DFS) time in patients with GA genotype was longer than that of GG genotype, and rs7435335 predicted the DFS in the ER‐negative group.ConclusionThe UGT2B7 rs7435335 is associated with the NAC efficacy and prognosis. Patients with GA genotype have better efficacy and prognosis. Rs7435335 was found to be a possible gene marker for pCR and prognosis in ER‐negative patients who received NAC.
Plants face the flow in V formation: A study of plant patch alignment in streams
Authors: Cornacchia Loreta , Folkard Andrew , Davies Grieg , Grabowski Robert C. , van de Koppel Johan , van der Wal Daphne , Wharton Geraldene , Puijalon Sara , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInteractions between biological and physical processes, so‐called bio‐physical feedbacks, are important for landscape evolution. While these feedbacks have been quantified for isolated patches of vegetation in aquatic ecosystems, we still lack knowledge of how the location of one patch affects the occurrence of others. To test for patterns in the spatial distribution of vegetation patches in streams, we first measured the distance between Callitriche platycarpa patches using aerial images. Then, we measured the effects of varying patch separation distance on flow velocity, turbulence, and drag on plants in a field manipulation experiment. Lastly, we investigated whether these patterns of patch alignment developed over time following locations of reduced hydrodynamic forces, using 2‐yr field observations of the temporal patch dynamics of Ranunculus penicillatus in a lowland chalk stream. Our results suggest that vegetation patches in streams organize themselves in V‐like shapes to reduce drag forces, creating an optimal configuration that decreases hydrodynamic forces and may therefore encourage patch growth. Downstream patches are more frequently found at the rear and slightly overlapping the upstream patch, in locations that are partially sheltered by the established upstream vegetation while ensuring exposure to incoming flow (important for nutrient availability). Observations of macrophyte patch dynamics over time indicated that neighboring patches tend to grow in a slightly angled line, producing a spatial pattern resembling the V‐formation in migratory birds. These findings point to the general role of bio‐physical interactions in shaping how organisms align themselves spatially to aerodynamic and hydrodynamic flows at a range of scales.
Zooplankton grazing selectivity regulates herbivory and dominance of toxic phytoplankton over multiple prey generations
Authors: Ger Kemal Ali , Naus‐Wiezer Suzanne , De Meester Luc , Lürling Miquel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHow grazer selectivity regulates the primary producer community is a core topic in ecology. Yet, the role of zooplankton grazing selection on phytoplankton dynamics is poorly understood. Few studies have compared the effect of grazers with contrasting selectivity on mixed phytoplankton prey, and none over multiple phytoplankton generations. We tested the hypothesis that a selectively grazing copepod (Eudiaptomus gracilis) would facilitate the dominance of a toxic cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) by grazing on a competing eukaryotic microalga (Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera), while a generalist cladoceran (Daphnia magna) would have no effect on the dominance of cyanobacteria in 4‐d laboratory cocultures. Experiments started with a ninefold initial dominance of Cryptomonas over Microcystis by biomass. Each grazer type was added to cocultured phytoplankton and the abundance of phytoplankton was compared to no‐grazer controls. As predicted, Daphnia had no effect on the relative abundance of its prey and the copepod facilitated Microcystis dominance, although the strength of facilitation slightly declined with time. As the copepod reduced mostly the biomass of the edible algae, it pushed the system toward the dominance of toxic prey, which likely reduced the efficiency of selective grazing on the last day. Hence, while the selective grazer promoted cyanobacterial dominance, the effect may be weaker than predicted from extrapolating grazing rates obtained from short‐term (i.e., hourly) assays. Overall, predicting the role of zooplankton selectivity on phytoplankton dynamics—especially harmful algal blooms—would benefit from accounting for fluctuations in grazer effects due to shifting abundance and growth of each prey over time.
Dithienobenzimidazole‐containing conjugated donor–acceptor polymers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Harris Jared D. , Stihl Markus , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Carter Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of two new conjugated polymers based on the relatively under‐exploited monomer, 5,8‐dibromo‐2‐[5‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐2‐thienyl]‐1H‐dithieno[3,2‐e:2′,3′‐g]benzimidazole (dithienobenzimidazole, DTBI), and either 4,7‐bis[4‐hexyl‐5‐(trimethylstannyl)‐2‐thienyl]‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD) or 2,6‐bis(trimethylstannyl)‐4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl) thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) is described. The polymers were synthesized via Stille polycondensation and characterized by traditional methods (1H NMR, gel‐permeation chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and cyclic voltammetry). Prior to their synthesis, trimer structures were modeled by DFT calculations facilitating a further understanding of the systems' electronic and geometric structure. Polymers were titrated with acid and base to take advantage of their amphiprotic imidazole moiety and their optical response monitored with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Finally, pristine polymer thin‐films were treated with acid and base to evaluate (de)protonation's effect on system electronics, but thin‐film degradation was encountered. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 60–69
An Intermittent Stream Supports Extensive Spawning of Large‐River Native Fishes
Authors: Hooley‐Underwood Zachary E. , Stevens Summer B. , Salinas Nicholas R. , Thompson Kevin G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntermittent or ephemeral streams make up a large percentage of all stream habitats and may have significant roles in spawning, foraging, refugia, and early life history habitat for many fishes. From 2015 to 2017 we examined the use of Cottonwood Creek, an intermittent tributary in the Gunnison River basin, Colorado, by spawning Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and Roundtail Chub Gila robusta. We used combinations of a stream‐spanning picket weir and PIT‐tag antennae near the mouth of the creek to determine fish movement in and out of the stream, which was more effective for the suckers than for Roundtail Chub. Large numbers of suckers used the stream each year despite very different flow regimes. The timing of initial fish entry varied by 6 weeks across 3 years of study from March 17 to May 6. Immigration was only loosely and inconsistently correlated to abiotic factors (various stream temperature metrics and discharge) among years and was most heavily dependent on the presence of sufficient water in the stream to permit fish passage. Average residency times of suckers ranged from 26 to 37 d depending on year and species, and spawning fish lost 10–18% of their body weight depending on species and sex. Both sucker species displayed a high level of annual site fidelity—61–71% of fish returned the year after being tagged. Larval drift was sporadic and many larvae failed to evacuate the stream before flow ceased each year. While further research is needed to assess the overall recruitment contribution from Cottonwood Creek to the regional population, this study revealed use of an intermittent tributary by thousands of native Colorado River fishes, highlighting the importance of nonperennial waters for the completion of the life histories of some large‐river fish species.
On the Sensitivity of the Precipitation Partitioning Into Evapotranspiration and Runoff in Land Surface Parameterizations
Authors: Zheng Hui , Yang Zong‐Liang , Lin Peirong , Wei Jiangfeng , Wu Wen‐Ying , Li Lingcheng , Zhao Long , Wang Shu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe precipitation partitioning between evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff (R) at the land surface is controlled by atmospheric boundary layer and terrestrial hydrological processes. These processes in land surface models are manifested primarily as stomatal conductance, soil moisture limitation factor to transpiration (β‐factor), turbulence, and runoff generation. What are the sensitivities of precipitation partitioning to the parameterizations of these processes? To address this overarching question, the annual and seasonal means of ET and R over the conterminous United States were simulated using 48 configurations of the Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP). The Sobol' total sensitive index was used to quantify the sensitivity of ET and R to the parameterizations of the four processes mentioned above. Results show that the sensitivities of the annual means depend on climatic conditions and the interplay between ET and R plays an important role. In humid regions, precipitation is mostly partitioned into R, whereas the simulations can be more sensitive to ET's parameterizations. In arid regions, ET accounts for the major partition, whereas the simulations can be more sensitive to the runoff parameterization. Seasonal means exhibit different sensitivities from the annual means. The seasonal mean ET is more sensitive to ET's parameterizations, and R is more sensitive to the runoff parameterization. The β‐factor, which is neglectable for the annual means, is important for summer‐time ET. Mediated by the terrestrial water storage memories, ET interplays R across seasons. The winter‐time R is still sensitive to the stomatal conductance that only modulates growing‐season ET.
How Is Meridional Coherence Maintained in the Lower Limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?
Authors: Zou Sijia , Lozier M. Susan , Buckley Martha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite a strong focus on latitudinal continuity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability, transport continuity in different layers that constitute the AMOC lower limb has received considerably less attention. In this study, we investigate the transport connectivity of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW) and Lower NADW (LNADW), with both defined by density. Using two ocean circulation models and an ocean reanalysis, we find that subpolar‐originated transport anomalies, particularly for UNADW, do not propagate to the subtropics over a period of five decades. We also find that transports in both layers are linked to AMOC at subpolar latitudes, yet only LNADW transport shows linkage to AMOC in the subtropical gyre. Thus, latitudinal AMOC continuity is likely unrelated to transport continuity in any single layer, but rather a result of connection between subpolar‐AMOC and subtropical‐LNADW transport. An exception to this generalization is possible with strong LNADW transport events.
A 3‐D Shear Wave Velocity Model for Myanmar Region
Authors: Wang Xin , Wei Shengji , Wang Yu , Maung Maung Phyo , Hubbard Judith , Banerjee Paramesh , Huang Bor‐Shouh , Moe Oo Kyaw , Bodin Thomas , Foster Anna , Almeida Rafael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMyanmar is located at the eastern margin of the ongoing Indo‐Eurasian collision system, has experienced a complex tectonic history and is threatened by a high level of seismic hazard. Here we develop a crustal scale 3‐D seismic velocity model of Myanmar, which is not only critical for understanding the regional tectonic setting and its evolution but can also provide the foundation for a variety of seismological studies, including earthquake location determinations, earthquake focal mechanism inversions, and ground motion simulations. We use the newly deployed Earth Observatory of Singapore‐Myanmar broadband seismic network and other seismic stations in and around Myanmar to study the station‐based 1‐D velocity structure through a joint inversion of receiver functions, H/V amplitude ratio of Rayleigh waves, and surface wave dispersion measurements. Our results reveal a highly variable crustal structure across Myanmar region, characterized by a series of N‐S trending sedimentary basins, with thicknesses up to ~15 km in central Myanmar and an ~5‐km step in the depth of the Moho across the Sagaing‐Shan Scarp fault system. We interpolate our station‐based 1‐D velocity profiles to obtain an integrated 3‐D velocity model from southern Bangladesh to Myanmar. Using three regional earthquakes located to the south, within, and north of the seismic network, we show that our proposed model performs systematically better than the CRUST 1.0 model for both Pnl waves and surface waves. Our study provides a preliminary community velocity model for the region, with further refinements and interpretations anticipated in the near future.
Temporal Evolution of S‐Band Circular Polarization Ratios of Kilometer‐Scale Craters on the Lunar Maria
Authors: Fassett Caleb I. , King Isabel R. , Nypaver Cole A. , Thomson Bradley J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCircular polarization ratio (CPR) measurements from the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini‐RF) instrument provide information about how lunar craters evolve with time. In particular, S‐band CPR data are sensitive to the rockiness and/or topographic roughness of the uppermost ~1 m of the subsurface. We extracted CPR as a function of radial range for 6,206 unique craters superposed on the lunar maria with diameter D = 0.8–2 km and constructed median profiles aggregating craters into 13 different age classes. These aggregate profiles show systematic evolution of craters' CPR with time. The freshest craters (<200 Ma) have ejecta exhibiting elevated CPR compared to the background maria out to distances of more than three crater diameters beyond the craters' rims. The extent and magnitude of this enhancement declines as craters age. Within crater interiors, the CPR signature initially increases for 0.4–0.6 Ga and then declines. These observations provide constraints on rock breakdown and regolith development after crater formation. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the CPR evolution of crater interiors and ejecta are significantly decoupled. The CPR enhancement in crater ejecta fades faster than crater interiors, causing their overall CPR signature to look similar to anomalous craters whose interior CPR anomalies have been attributed in past work to the presence of water ice. Craters in this study became more anomalous‐looking as they reach middle age (~1.5–2.5 Ga), as their interior and exterior regolith differ in rockiness as time passes. Our results support, but do not prove, that anomalous craters' CPR signatures can arise without requiring water ice.
Simulation of Capillary Pressure Overshoot in Snow Combining Trapping of the Wetting Phase With a Nonequilibrium Richards Equation Model
Authors: Leroux Nicolas R. , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe timing and magnitude of snowmelt discharge and subsequent runoff are controlled by both matrix and preferential flows of water through snowpacks. Matrix flow can be estimated using the Richards equation, and recently, preferential flow in snowpacks has been represented in 2D and 3D models. A challenge for representing preferential flow through porous media in 2D or 3D is capillary pressure overshoot in 1D. Soil studies have developed sophisticated and largely realistic approaches to represent capillary pressure overshoot, but it has not been addressed in snowpack water flow models. Here a 1D nonequilibrium Richards equation model is implemented with dynamic capillary pressure and is combined with a new concept of entrapment of liquid water within the pore space. This new model well represented capillary pressure overshoot, as estimated by published capillary pressure measurements in snow samples of various grain sizes under different rates of liquid water infiltration. Three model parameters were calibrated, and their impacts on model outputs were evaluated. This improvement is a substantial step toward better understanding and simulating physical processes occurring while liquid water percolates an initially dry snowpack.
212‐Gbit/s 2:1 multiplexing selector realised in InP DHBT
Authors: Konczykowska A. , Jorge F. , Riet M. , Nodjiadjim V. , Duval B. , Mardoyan H. , Estaran J.M. , Adamiecki A. , Raybon G. , Dupuy J.‐Y. 
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, the authors report on the design, optimisation and electrical measurements of a new fully integrated multiplexing selector fabricated in 0.7‐µm indium phosphide (InP) double‐heterojunction bipolar transistor technology. All parts of the circuit were optimised to obtain 200‐Gbit/s class of operation. They present electrical performances at 140 and to a record speed of 212 Gbit/s, highlighting their respective measurement challenges. The power consumption of the circuit is 0.5 and 0.8 W for a differential output amplitude of 240 and 730 mV, respectively. This selector has been successfully used as modulator driver in optical transmission experiments up to 204 Gbit/s.