bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2-EOR and Carbon Storage in Indian Oilfields: From Laboratory Study to Pilot Design
Authors: Chen Peila , Selveindran Anand , Kumar Chandan , Saloma Yomdo , Bose Sushanta , Balasubramanian Sriram , Thakur Ganesh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This work summarizes the prospect of EOR and sequestration using CO2 flooding from an Indian mature oil field in Assam through laboratory study, reservoir static modeling, dynamic simulation, pilot design, and techno-economic sensitivity studies. The geomodel was established by incorporating of contour maps, well positions and coordinates, well data and well logs, perforation depths and distribution of petrophysical properties as well as fluid properties.
It was confirmed through PVT laboratory studies that CO2 injection can achieve the miscibility under reservoir conditions. The coreflooding test showed the significant incremental oil recovery by continuous CO2 injection and the residual oil saturation after miscible CO2 injection reached ~0.13PV.
A fine scale geological model was built for entire reservoir and dynamic simulation work was performed on the geological model without upscaling. The history match of 51-year field production and pressure data in the whole reservoir was completed in a commercial simulator, and various development scenarios were investigated. Based on the results from CO2 EOR simulation study, we identified a pilot pattern area of ~ 60 acres with one injector and four producers. The CO2 was injected into reservoir at 150 metric ton per day for 5 years and cumulative injection volume is 15.4 BCF. Then the well is switched back to water injection afterward. Around 1 million STB incremental oil recovery was obtained in about 10 years, which corresponds to 11% of original oil in place in the flooded area.
The CO2 utilization ratio is approximately 6 MCF/BBL. It is expected that CO2 flooding yields a pre-tax net cash flow of US dollars of 9.4 MM. CO2-EOR and storage in this mature field has a great techno-economic prospect.
The investigation of CCUS opportunity and the substantial advancement in CO2 flood pilot design project have created an excitement in Indian Oil& Gas industry since the CCUS can significantly improve the domestic oil production from mature oilfields, and also reduce the carbon footprint in India. The volume of anthropogenic CO2 injection and storage in the reservoirs presents the great social and economic benefits for CCUS in India.
Molecular monitoring of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in western Kenya, 14 years after its withdrawal
Authors: kishoyian gabriel Manyara , Njagi Eliud N.M. , Orinda George O. , Kimani Francis T. , Thiongo Kevin , Matoke Damaris 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background:
The application of chloroquine (CQ) as an antimalarial drug for over half a century and subsequent development of CQ-resistant Plasmodium strains has led to its withdrawal and replacement with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). In 2004, SP was replaced with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as a first-line against uncomplicated malaria in Kenya. The sudden surge in ACT resistant against P. falciparum in Cambodia and neighboring countries had become a stumbling block in the management and control of this preventable and curable disease. The resistance associated with P. falciparum is linked to multiple mutations in the parasite’s dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes. This study assesses the prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps gene mutation which encodes enzymes targeting SP.
Method:
Briefly, blood taken from a finger prick was collected on a filter paper from P. falciparum positive children attending health facility in Chulaimbo between May and November 2015. Using chelex-100 extraction DNA, genotyping was done for mutations on codon 51, 59 and 108 of pfdhr and 437 and 540 of pfdhps genes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. The enzymes used to digest the respective codons were Tsp5091, Amxn I, Alu I, Ava II and Fok I respectively.
Results: All the 76 P. falciparum isolates were successfully genotyped for the detection of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations associated with SP resistance. The P. falciparum isolates were found to carry the mutant type N51I with a prevalence of 94% while C59R and S108N had 92% each. The prevalence of mutation at Pfdhps codons A437G and K540E stood at 94% and 91% respectively.
Conclusion: The present study observed that there is no statistical significant on codon 51I and 437G (χ2 =3.3099 df=1 p >0.05) change in the proportion of resistant genotypes. However, there was a statistical significant on codon 59R and 108N (χ2 =4.338 df=1 p<0.05) and 540E (χ2 =5.391 df=1 p<0.05) indicating a slow but steady decreased resistance despite its withdrawal. In addition, the evidence of quintuple mutations that are likely to become fixed in the study population is threatening the future of SP especially in intermittent preventive treatment prophylaxis (IPTp) programs.
Monitoring, isolation and characterization of Microthrix parvicella strains from a Chinese wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Fan Niansi , Yang Min , Rossetti Simona , Levantesi Caterina , Qi Rong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Microthrix parvicella is a filamentous bacterium that frequently causes severe bulking events in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide. In this study, sludge properties and dynamics of filamentous bacteria in a Beijing WWTP seasonally suffering from M. parvicella bulking were continuously monitored over a duration of 15 months, and the correlations between M. parvicella and operating parameters were evaluated. The predominance of M. parvicella was observed at low temperatures (14–18.8 °C) with the relative abundance of around 30% (estimated by both qPCR and FISH analysis). Using micromanipulation technology, 545 filaments of M. parvicella were micromanipulated from bulking sludge (SVI &gt; 180 mL g−1) on six different media. After 3-month purification and enrichment, six strains, phylogenetically closely related to Candidatus Microthrix parvicella, were successfully acquired on R2A medium (20 °C) in pure cultures. Considering the limitation and extremely slow growth rate of M. parvicella filaments, newly isolated strains represent valuable sources for further investigations on the physiology and behavior of this filamentous bacterium, with the focus on the establishment of bulking control strategy.
Optimized anti-biofouling performance of bactericides/cellulose nanocrystals composites modified PVDF ultrafiltration membrane for micro-polluted source water purification
Authors: Zhang Guoquan , Lv Jinling , Yang Fenglin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The covalently functionalized cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composites were synthesized by bonding common bactericides, such as dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC), ZnO and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, onto the CNC's surface. Then, the DDBAC/CNC, ZnO/CNC and GO/CNC nanocomposites modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated by a simple one-step non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The resultant hybrid membranes possessed porous and rough surfaces with more finger-like macropores that even extended through the entire cross-section. The hydrophilicity, permeability, antibacterial and antifouling performance and mechanism of the hybrid ultrafiltration membranes were evaluated and compared in detail, aiming at screening a superior hybrid membrane for practical application in micro-polluted source water purification. Among these newly-developed hybrid membranes, GO/CNC/PVDF exhibited an enhanced perm-selectivity with a water flux of 230 L/(m2 h bar) and humic acid rejection of 92%, the improved antibacterial activity (bacteriostasis rate of 93%) and antifouling performance (flux recovery rate (FRR) of &gt;90%) being due to the optimized pore structure, higher surface roughness, incremental hydrophilicity and electronegativity. A lower biofouling level after three weeks' filtration of the actual micro-polluted source water further demonstrated that embedding the hydrophilic and antibacterial GO/CNC nanocomposite into the polymer matrix is an effective strategy to improve membrane anti-biofouling ability.
Gentianella turkestanerum Showed Protective Effects on Hepatic Injury by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Zhu Dandan , Wen Limei , Xiang Xueying , Hu Junping 
Published: April 2019

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of Gentianella turkestanerum extraction by butanol (designated as GBA) on hepatic cell line L02 injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).Methods:L02 cells were incubated with 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL GBA for 24 hours, and then MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxicity for GBA. Cells were divided into blank control group, CCl4/H2O2 model group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L); silymarin+CCl4/H2O2 group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L) and 5 µg/mL silymarin; GBA+CCl4/H2O2 group, treated by CCl4 (20 mmol/L) or H2O2 (100 µmol/L) and GBA (5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL). MTT assay was performed to determine the cellular activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined using a commercial kit. The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) in the supernatant was determined. PE-Annexin V/7-ADD method was utilized to determine the apoptosis of cells. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stressrelated genes (CHOP, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) mRNA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of CHOP, Caspase 12 and NF-κB protein.Results:Cellular survival after GBA (5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL) incubation was ≥ 75%. After GBA incubation, levels of ALT and AST showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05), while that of the MDA showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The apoptosis in the CCl4 or H2O2 group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, GBA-preincubation could attenuate the cellular apoptosis compared to the CCl4 or H2O2 group, which displayed a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The expression of CHOP, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the presence of CCl4 or H2O2 (P < 0.05). Whereas, GBA induced a significant decrease in these mRNA thereafter (P < 0.05), together with a decrease in CHOP and Caspase 12 proteins (P < 0.05). Besides, it could attenuate the expression of NF-κB p65 in nuclear protein.Conclusions:G. turkestanerum could inhibit the lipid peroxidation and increase the antioxidant activity. Also, it could inhibit the cellular apoptosis through down-regulating the transcriptional level of ERS related genes and proteins. This process was associated with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein.
An Easy Efficient Method of Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis in Raw Milk by RP-HPLC-UV with Application to Raw Milk
Authors: Legrae Lekweiri Haiba , Deida Mohamed Fadel , Abdellahi Bah Mohamed Lemine , Elkory Mohamed Brahim , Ndiaye Ibrahima , Bouajila Jalloul 
Published: April 2019

Background:This study reports an easy method of a veterinary drug investigation in raw milk, based on QuECHERS extraction followed by RP-HPLC-UV analysis. Use of this benchtop system was motivated by its availability and moderate cost relatively to other sophisticated methods such as LC-MS which are more efficient.Methods:This developed method has been optimized and then after validation according to EU legislation, it demonstrated good linearity with R²>0.997, acceptable peak resolution within a short time (<9.5 min) and good recovery of the analyzed drugs (OXY, ALZ and IVR, respectively 87.08, 99.02 and 92.01 %). Additionally, we applied the method to the analysis of cow milk, collected in Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania.Results:The obtained results indicated a mixed level of drug use according to targeted molecules. In 42% of sampled farms, the anti-parasitics IVR and ALZ were detected whereas the antibiotic OXY was detected in 50%.Conclusion:This investigation shows that 17% of the sampled farms exceeded European standards for IVR drug.
Determination of Loratadine and Its Active Metabolite in Plasma by LC/MS/MS: An Adapted Method for Children
Authors: Li Qian , Shi Hai-Yan , Wang Kai , Kan Min , Zheng Yi , Hao Guo-Xiang , Yang Xin-Mei , Yang Yi-Lei , Su Le-Qun , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
Loratadine (LOR) (Fig. 1), an active H1 receptor antagonist, is often used in
the treatment of allergic disorders such as seasonal allergies and skin rash [1]. LOR was clinically approved
for symptomatic relief of nasal and non-nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children ≥2years.

Materials and Methods:
An adapted method of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
(LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated to measure the concentrations of loratadine (LOR) and its
active metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL) from pediatric plasma. After being mixed with the
internal standard (IS, propranolol) and precipitated with methanol, samples were centrifuged and 20 μL
of the supernatants were injected into the HPLC system. Separation was carried out on a reversed-phase
C18 gradient column using a mobile phase consisting of water (containing 0.1 % formic acid) and acetonitrile.
The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and the running time was 5.0 min for each sample.

Results and Conclusion:
Quantitation of LOR, DCL and IS was performed using MRM mode and the
transitions were: 383.1 → 337.1 for LOR, 311.1 → 259.0 for DCL and 260.2 → 116.0 for propranolol,
respectively. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines, precisions and accuracies met the
requirements in all cases. Calibration curves were 0.2–50.0 ng/mL for both LOR and DCL. This method
was then applied for a pilot study examining the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of
LOR in children.
A Micro-Aggregation Algorithm Based on Density Partition Method for Anonymizing Biomedical Data
Authors: Wu Xiang , Wei Yuyang , Jiang Tao , Wang Yu , Jiang Shuguang 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
Biomedical data can be de-identified via micro-aggregation achieving
privacy. However, the existing micro-aggregation algorithms result in low similarity
within the equivalence classes, and thus, produce low-utility anonymous data when dealing with
a sparse biomedical dataset. To balance data utility and anonymity, we develop a novel microaggregation
framework.

Methods:
Combining a density-based clustering method and classical micro-aggregation algorithm,
we propose a density-based second division micro-aggregation framework called DBTP .
The framework allows the anonymous sets to achieve the optimal k- partition with an increased
homogeneity of the tuples in the equivalence class. Based on the proposed framework, we propose
a k − anonymity algorithm DBTP − MDAV and an l − diversity algorithm DBTP − l − MDAV to
respond to different attacks.

Conclusion:
Experiments on real-life biomedical datasets confirm that the anonymous algorithms
under the framework developed in this paper are superior to the existing algorithms for achieving
high utility.
LHRH Targeted Chonderosomes of Mitomycin C in Breast Cancer: An In Vitro/ In Vivo Study
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Sarrami Nasim , Aghaei Mahmoud , Aliomrani Mehdi , Azizi Reza 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an anti-cancer drug used for the treatment of breast cancer
with limited therapeutic index, extreme gastric adverse effects and bone marrow suppression. The purpose of the
present study was the preparation of a dual-targeted delivery system of MMC for targeting CD44 and LHRH
overexpressed receptors of breast cancer.

Methods:
MMC loaded LHRH targeted chonderosome was prepared by precipitation method and was characterized
for their physicochemical properties. Cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity tests were studied on cell lines of
MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and 4T1 (as CD44 and LHRH positive cells) and BT-474 cell line (as CD44 negative
receptor cells). The in vivo histopathology and antitumor activity of MMC-loaded chonderosomes were compared
with free MMC in 4T1 cells inducing breast cancer in Balb-c mice.

Results:
MMC loaded LHRH targeted chonderosomes caused 3.3 and 5.5 fold more cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and
4T1 cells than free MMC at concentrations of 100μM and 10μM, respectively. However, on BT-474 cells the
difference was insignificant. The cell cycle test showed no change for MMC mechanism of action when it was
loaded in chonderosomes compared to free MMC. The in vivo antitumor studies showed that MMC loaded LHRH
targeted chonderosomes were 6.5 fold more effective in the reduction of tumor volume than free MMC with the
most severe necrosis compared to non-targeted chonderosomes in pathological studies on harvested tumors.

Conclusion:
The developed MMC loaded LHRH targeted chonderosomes were more effective in tumor growth
suppression and may be promising for targeted delivery of MMC in breast cancer.
Effects of Exercise and Bioprocessed Soybean Meal Diets during Rainbow Trout Rearing
Authors: Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E. , Chipps Steven R. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: April 2019

Background:Alternative protein sources to fishmeal in fish feeds are needed.Objectives:Evaluate rearing performance of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (initial weight 139.0 ±1.5 g, length 232.9 ± 0.8 mm, mean ± SE) fed one of the two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (46% protein, 16% lipid) and reared at one of the two levels of exercise (water velocities of either 3.6 cm/s or 33.2 cm/s).Methods:Protein in the control diet was based on fishmeal. In the experimental diet, bioprocessed soybean meal replaced approximately 60% of the fishmeal. Fish were fed by hand once-per-day to near satiation, and the food was increased daily. The experiment lasted 90-days.Results:There were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, or specific growth rate between the dietary treatments. However, the amount of food fed and feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the 60% bioprocessed soybean meal diet. Intestinal morphology, relative fin length, splenosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index were not significantly different in the trout fed either diet. Fish reared at 3.6 cm/s had a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (1.02 ± 0.02) than fish reared at 33.2 cm/s (1.13 ± 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, specific growth rate, or percentage mortality in fish reared with or without exercise. No significant interactions were observed between diet and exercise (higher water velocity).Conclusion:Based on these results, at least 60% of the fishmeal in adult rainbow trout diets can be replaced by bioprocessed soybean meal, even if higher water velocities are used to exercise the fish.
Cellulose Fibers Dissolution in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Mahdi Yasmeen Salih , Mohammed Asem Hassan , Mohammed Alaa Kareem 
Published: April 2019

In this study, NaOH dissolution method was applied to dissolve cellulose fibers which extracted from date palm fronds (type Al-Zahdi) taken from Iraqi gardens. In this process, (NaOH)-solution is brought into contact with the cellulose fibers at low temperature. Experiments were conducted with different concentrations of NaOH (4%, 6%, 8% and12%) weight percent at two cooling bath temperatures (-15 oC) and (-20oC). Maximum cellulose dissolution was 23 wt% which obtained at 8 wt% concentration of NaOH and at cooling bath temperature of -20oC. In order to enhance the cellulose fibers dissolution, the sample was pretreated with Fenton's reagent which consists of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). This reagent reacts with cellulose fibers and produces free radicals which increase cellulose dissolution. In this work three variables were studied: cooling bath temperature (-15oCand-20oC), NaOH concentration (4%, 6%, 8% and12%) and time of Fenton's reagent treatment (1-48) hrs. The results showed that the best percent of cellulose dissolution was (42 wt %) which occurred at treatment time (24 hours), temperature (-20oC) and NaOH concentration 8%. In another set of experiments urea was added to NaOH solution as a catalyst with proportion (6%NaOH+4% urea) at two temperatures -15 and -20 oC. The results show that the solubility of cellulose increase to 62% for the sample which treated with Fenton's reagent and to 35% for the untreated sample, both values were obtained at -15oC.
Creeping Gait Analysis and Simulation of a Quadruped Robot
Authors: Raheem Firas A. , Flayyih Murtadha Khudhair 
Published: April 2019

A quadruped (four-legged) robot locomotion has the potential ability for using in different applications such as walking over soft and rough terrains and to grantee the mobility and flexibility. In general, quadruped robots have three main periodic gaits: creeping gait, running gait and galloping gait. The main problem of the quadruped robot during walking is the needing to be statically stable for slow gaits such as creeping gait. The statically stable walking as a condition depends on the stability margins that calculated particularly for this gait. In this paper, the creeping gait sequence analysis of each leg step during the swing and fixed phases has been carried out. The calculation of the minimum stability margins depends upon the forward and inverse kinematic models for each 3-DOF leg and depends on vertical geometrical projection during walking. Simulation and results verify the stability insurance after calculation the minimum margins which indicate clearly the robot COG (Center of Gravity) inside the supporting polygon resulted from the leg-tips.
Formas particulares de narrar: como os livros e os filmes da série Harry Potter contribuem para criar uma representação do jornalismo na franquia
Authors: Sanseverino Gabriela Gruszynski 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo busca pensar, através da revisão bibliográfica e documental, o processo de adaptação dos livros da série Harry Potter, criados por J.K. Rowling, para os filmes lançados pelos estúdios Warner Bros. Considerando que cada plataforma tem uma forma particular de narrar, refletiremos sobre como os sete livros de Harry Potter e os oito filmes da série contribuem para criarem uma representação do jornalismo na franquia, ponderando as capacidades próprias das duas plataformas, através da análise das aparições da profissão nas duas mídias. Entende-se que livros e filmes exploram a potencialidade própria do seu meio para criar o jornalismo na franquia de Harry Potter, cada meio contribuindo para criar uma representação do jornalismo nesse enredo ficcional.Palavras-chave: Harry Potter. Adaptação. Livro. Filme. Representação. Jornalismo.