bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising synchrony controls western North American ecosystems
Authors: Black Bryan A. , van der Sleen Peter , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Griffin Daniel , Sydeman William J. , Dunham Jason B. , Rykaczewski Ryan R. , García‐Reyes Marisol , Safeeq Mohammad , Arismendi Ivan , Bograd Steven J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlong the western margin of North America, the winter expression of the North Pacific High (NPH) strongly influences interannual variability in coastal upwelling, storm track position, precipitation, and river discharge. Coherence among these factors induces covariance among physical and biological processes across adjacent marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we show that over the past century the degree and spatial extent of this covariance (synchrony) has substantially increased, and is coincident with rising variance in the winter NPH. Furthermore, centuries‐long blue oak (Quercus douglasii) growth chronologies sensitive to the winter NPH provide robust evidence that modern levels of synchrony are among the highest observed in the context of the last 250 years. These trends may ultimately be linked to changing impacts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on midlatitude ecosystems of North America. Such a rise in synchrony may destabilize ecosystems, expose populations to higher risks of extinction, and is thus a concern given the broad biological relevance of winter climate to biological systems.
Assessing canopy performance using carbonyl sulfide measurements
Authors: Yang Fulin , Qubaja Rafat , Tatarinov Fyodor , Rotenberg Eyal , Yakir Dan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS) is a tracer of ecosystem photosynthesis that can advance carbon cycle research from leaf to global scales; however, a range of newly reported caveats related to sink/source strength of various ecosystem components hinder its application. Using comprehensive eddy‐covariance and chamber measurements, we systematically measure ecosystem contributions from leaf, stem, soil, and litter and were able to close the ecosystem COS budget. The relative contributions of nonphotosynthetic components to the overall canopy‐scale flux are relatively small (~4% during peak activity season) and can be independently estimated based on their responses to temperature and humidity. Converting COS to photosynthetic CO2 fluxes based on the leaf relative uptake of COS/CO2, faces challenges due to observed daily and seasonal changes. Yet, this ratio converges around a constant value (~1.6), and the variations, dominated by light intensity, were found unimportant on a flux‐weighted daily time‐scale, indicating a mean ratio of daytime gross‐to‐net primary productivity of ~2 in our ecosystem. The seasonal changes in the leaf relative uptake ratio may indicate a reduction in mesophyll conductance in winter, and COS‐derived canopy conductance permitted canopy temperature estimate consistent with radiative skin temperature. These results support the feasibility of using COS as a powerful and much‐needed means of assessing ecosystem function and its response to change.
Lignocellulosic‐based bioenergy and water quality parameters: a review
Authors: Acharya Bharat Sharma , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh rates of crop residue removal as biofuel feedstocks could increase losses of nonpoint source pollutants, negatively affecting water quality. An alternative to residue removal can be growing dedicated bioenergy crops such as warm season grasses (WSGs) and short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs). Yet, our understanding of the implications of growing dedicated bioenergy crops on water quality is limited. Thus, we (i) synthesized and compared the impacts of crop residue removal, WSGs, and SRWCs on water quality parameters (i.e., sediment and nutrient runoff, and nutrient leaching) and (ii) identified research gaps for growing dedicated energy crops. Literature indicates that residue removal at rates >50% (residue retention up to 4.71 Mg ha−1) can increase runoff by 5–15 mm, sediment loss by 0.2–7 Mg ha−1, NO3–N by 0.58–1 kg ha−1, and sediment‐associated C by 0.3–57 kg ha−1 per rainstorm event compared to no residue removal. Crop residue removal may also increase nutrient leaching. Studies on the impacts of growing WSGs as dedicated bioenergy crops at field scale on water quality parameters are few. However, WSGs when used as conservation buffers reduce losses of sediment by 66–97%, nutrients by 21–94%, and contaminants by 9–98%. This suggests that if WSGs were grown as dedicated bioenergy crops at larger scales, they could reduce losses of nonpoint source pollutants. Literature indicates that SRWCs can consistently reduce NO3–N leaching. More modeled than field data are available, warranting further field research on (i) field data collection from WSGs and SRWCs from marginal lands, (ii) growing monoculture or polyculture of WSGs, and (iii) large‐scale production of energy crops. Overall, dedicated bioenergy crops, particularly WSGs, can reduce losses of nonpoint source pollutants compared to residue removal and be an important strategy to improve water quality if grown at larger scales.
Knee extensor strength assessed using a vertical squat and a simple geometric model to calculate joint torque: An evaluation of validity and clinical utility
Authors: Sato Haruhiko , Kusayanagi Koki , Kondo Yu , Kamide Naoto , Shiba Yoshitaka , Takashima Atsushi 
Published: March 2018

AimWe propose a simple method to measure knee extensor muscle strength using a single‐legged vertical squat. The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of this method in comparison with standard methods of measurement.MethodsA total of 30 healthy adults (mean age 22 years) and 28 healthy older individuals (mean age 69 years) participated in this study. Knee extensor torque at maximum knee flexion during a single‐leg squat was calculated by a geometrical model using height, weight and measured leg forward lean angle. Its validity as a measurement of knee extensor strength was assessed by comparing the results with maximum isometric knee extensor strength measured using an isokinetic dynamometer and a handheld dynamometer.ResultsKnee extensor torques calculated by the squat model were highly correlated with those calculated by the isokinetic dynamometer (r = 0.835) and handheld dynamometer (r = 0.884); however, the difference between the squat model and the isokinetic dynamometer measurements, and between the squat model and the handheld dynamometer measurements increased proportionally with increasing muscle strength.ConclusionThe squat model is a convenient way to measure knee extensor muscle strength quantitatively. However, it might be more suitable for individuals with quadriceps muscle weakness than for those with strong muscles. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1125–1131.
Transnational migration, gender and educational development of children in Tajikistan
Authors: CEBOTARI VICTOR 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn Tajikistan, a Central Asian country with high rates of emigration, there is little systematic empirical research on the education of children in transnational households. In this study, I use national representative data from 2011 to examine the number of years lag in education of boys (N=1110) and girls (N=1140) aged 7 to 17 who live in different transnational care arrangements compared with those living in non‐migrant households. I demonstrate that being in a transnational household reduces the risk of an educational lag, although there are gender differences when measuring this relationship. In particular, girls are less likely to have an educational lag if the mother or both parents migrate, if the duration of parental absence is shorter rather than longer, and if migrants send remittances home. The legal status of parents abroad and maternal migration are advantageous for boys’ education. These findings highlight the importance of looking at complex transnational forms of living and at gender when assessing the educational outcomes of children in migrant sending contexts.
Low‐grade intraductal carcinoma of the salivary gland with prominent oncocytic change: a newly described variant
Authors: Nakaguro Masato , Urano Makoto , Suzuki Hiroaki , Yamada Kazuyuki , Sakaguchi Asumi , Ogura Kanako , Matsumoto Toshiharu , Ono Noritsugu , Asato Tsuguharu , Mikami Yoshiki , Imai Hiroshi , Nagao Toshitaka 
Published: March 2018

AimsLow‐grade intraductal carcinoma (LG‐IDC) is a clinically indolent malignant tumour of the salivary glands. Because of its rarity, the histological variants of LG‐IDC have not been well characterised. Herein, we describe five LG‐IDC cases with prominent oncocytic change in the major salivary glands.Methods and resultsWe examined five cases, three males and two females (mean age = 63 years), of LG‐IDC with oncocytic change. The sites affected by LG‐IDC were the parotid and submandibular glands. The lesions were macroscopically unilocular or multilocular cysts with a solid tumour arising from the cyst wall. Smaller tumour cell nests were also observed. As with classic LG‐IDC, the cyst wall was surrounded by myoepithelial cells with no invasive component. The tumour cells had abundant oncocytic cytoplasm and proliferated in a low‐papillary, tubular or cribriform pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were diffusely positive for pan‐cytokeratin, S100, mammaglobin and antimitochondria antibody, and were negative for androgen receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15. Unlike classic LG‐IDC, some of these cases demonstrated focal invagination of myoepithelial cells in the intraductal tumour.ConclusionOncocytic LG‐IDC should be recognised as a histologically unique variant of LG‐IDC. Awareness of this entity is important to avoid erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate treatment for histological mimics.
Extracellular matrix internalization links nutrient signalling to invasive migration
Authors: Rainero Elena 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIntegrins are the key mediators of cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, linking the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. Besides localizing at the cell surface, they can be internalized and transported back to the plasma membrane (recycled) or delivered to the late endosomes/lysosomes for degradation. We and others have shown that integrin can be endocytosed together with their ECM ligands. In this short review, I will highlight how extracellular protein (including ECM) endocytosis impinges on the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a master regulator of cell metabolism and growth. This supports the intriguing hypothesis that ECM components may be considered as nutrient sources, primarily under soluble nutrient‐depleted conditions.
Improvement of rheological and physicochemical properties of longan honey by non‐thermal magnetic technique
Authors: Sakdatorn Vinyoo , Thavarungkul Nandh , Srisukhumbowornchai Nakorn , Intipunya Pilairuk 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA non‐thermal technology using magnetic field (MF) can improve flowability of honey while maintaining its physicochemical quality. Effects of MF treatment on rheological and physicochemical properties of longan honey exposed to MF for 2 h at 15 °C and 28 °C were investigated and compared with those of non‐MF samples. Increasing MF strength at 28 °C caused a reduction in firmness (P ≤ 0.05), but not in consistency, index of viscosity and cohesiveness. The effects at 15 °C were greater. Newtonian behaviour was observed for all samples. Shear stress and viscosity were significantly reduced with increasing MF strength at 15 °C (P ≤ 0.05), but less at 28 °C. pH was also decreased. Total soluble solids content was increased at both temperatures (P ≤ 0.05). Colour index was not significantly affected by MF, whereas optical density was slightly increased at high MF strengths (P > 0.05). L* values for the MF treated samples were increased (P ≤ 0.05), giving lighter and more pleasant colour to the honey. MF treatment improved overall qualities of honey.
Use of berry pomace to replace flour, fat or sugar in cakes
Authors: Quiles Amparo , Llorca Empar , Schmidt Carolin , Reißner Anne‐Marie , Struck Susanne , Rohm Harald , Hernando Isabel 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPomace from fruit juice production is a by‐product with a high fibre and bioactive compound content. It is commonly used as animal feed, so using it in food brings added value. The present study assessed the effect of using black currant and aronia pomace to replace either part of the flour, fat or sugar in sponge cakes. Batters in which sugar was replaced showed the highest viscosity. On the other hand, flour replacement led to batters with the lowest viscosity and gave place to softer cakes with fewer but larger‐sized air cells. Sugar replacement conferred greater hardness and a larger number of small air cells. In general, fat replacement gave rise to intermediate crumb texture and structure properties in comparison with flour and sugar replacements. In vitro starch digestion showed that the flour‐replaced sponge cakes possessed the lowest hydrolysis index and glycaemic index values. The sponge cakes with the different replacements were well accepted by consumers, who expressed a high level of buying intention for all of them.
Anti‐HLA alloantibodies of the IgA isotype in re‐transplant candidates part II: Correlation with graft survival
Authors: Arnold M.‐L. , Bach C. , Heinemann F. M. , Horn P. A. , Ziemann M. , Lachmann N. , Mühlbacher A. , Dick A. , Ender A. , Thammanichanond D. , Schaub S. , Hönger G. , Fischer G. F. , Mytilineos J. , Hallensleben M. , Hitzler W. E. , Seidl C. , Spriewald B. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe reported previously on the widespread occurrence of anti‐HLA alloantibodies of the IgA isotype (anti‐HLA IgA) in the sera of solid‐organ re‐transplantation (re‐tx) candidates (Arnold et al., ). Specifically focussing on kidney re‐tx patients, we now extended our earlier findings by examining the impact of the presence and donor specificity of anti‐HLA IgA on graft survival. We observed frequent concurrence of anti‐HLA IgA and anti‐HLA IgG in 27% of our multicenter collective of 694 kidney re‐tx patients. This subgroup displayed significantly reduced graft survival as evidenced by the median time to first dialysis after transplantation (TTD 77 months) compared to patients carrying either anti‐HLA IgG or IgA (TTD 102 and 94 months, respectively). In addition, donor specificity of anti‐HLA IgA had a significant negative impact on graft survival (TTD 74 months) in our study. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that presence of anti‐HLA IgA, in particular in conjunction with anti‐HLA‐IgG, in sera of kidney re‐tx patients is associated with negative transplantation outcome.
Improving bone marrow biopsy quality through peer discussion and data comparisons: A single institution experience
Authors: Yang R. K. , Nazeef M. , Patel S. S. , Mattison R. , Yang D. T. , Ranheim E. A. , Leith C. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionBone marrow biopsy (BMB) is crucial for the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of a variety of hematologic diseases. Obtaining an adequate BMB can be challenging given the need to balance patient comfort with acquisition of high quality specimens. We had observed variable BMB quality at our institution with poor quality specimens sometimes affecting diagnosis. We thus undertook this quality improvement (QI) project to improve the quality of diagnostic BMB specimens.MethodsWe used an A3 QI process to identify factors possibly influencing BMB quality. We collected baseline data on 211 BMB, with short and long‐term follow‐up data on a further 382 cases. We used clinical conferences to discuss data, perform peer comparisons and identify strategies to create a sustainable improvement in BMB quality.ResultsBaseline data showed that BMB length was influenced most by the individual performer, with some influence of needle gauge. Other factors such as sedation, BMB indication were noncontributory. BMB lengths improved following performer education and individual performer data comparisons (15.2 mm post vs 12.8 mm baseline, P < .0001) and with use of an 8‐ rather than 11‐gauge needle (18.3 mm 8‐gauge vs 13.3 mm 11‐gauge P < .0001), and were sustained over the long term.ConclusionsEducation on BMB standards, sharing of performer data, and changing needle gauge are relatively straightforward methods to improve BMB quality, leading to easier pathology diagnosis.
Spectrum of hemostatic disorders in Indian females presenting with bleeding manifestations
Authors: Gupta A. , Mishra P. , Pati H. P. , Tyagi S. , Mahapatra M. , Seth T. , Saxena R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionHemostatic disorders are often missed in women with bleeding particularly menorrhagia. Preexisting hemostatic disorders are now known as common risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage and prolonged bleeding in puerperium. Females with bleeding complaints constitute an important population referred to hematology clinic. Hence, we aim to evaluate the type and frequency of hemostatic disorders among females presenting with bleeding in a tertiary care hospital and a basic hemostatic laboratory.MethodsThree‐year data were retrospectively analyzed for 200 females with various bleeding complaints. Due to resource constraints, a hemostatic workup was done with prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen assay, clot solubility test, mixing studies, specific factor assays, platelet function test, and von Willebrand factor antigen level.ResultsA total of 200 females were investigated to identify the cause of their bleeding. Thirty‐five of 200 (17.5%) females were found with an underlying bleeding disorder. Of these 35 females, 65.7% presented with bleeding from more than 1 site. Most common bleeding manifestation was spontaneous bruising in 18 of 35 (51.4%) patients followed by petechiae (48.6%). Inherited bleeding disorders were noted in majority. The most common inherited bleeding disorder identified was von Willebrand disease (VWD) in 34.3% females. Second most common disorder was Glanzmann's thrombasthenia accounting for 22.8%. Rare coagulation factor deficiency, such as factors VII, X, and XIII deficiencies, was noted. Three cases revealed acquired causes of coagulation defects.ConclusionUnderlying hemostatic defects should be searched for in women with unexplained bleeding complaints. This will not only help in diagnosis but also in proper management for future hemostatic challenges.
Translation and validation study for the stroke self‐efficacy questionnaire in stroke survivors
Authors: Topçu Serpil , Oğuz Sıdıka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐efficacy has been shown to play an important role in rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients.AimThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a Turkish translation of the Stroke Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in a private acute stroke unit in Istanbul, Turkey. After obtaining the Institutional Review Board's approval and site consent, a translated version of the 13‐item Likert‐type scaled questions was tested for language and content validity. A pilot study with 10 patients was followed by recruitment of 130 stroke patient participants, with 50 patients retested after 3 weeks.ResultsThe Stroke Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire—Turkish had excellent content validity index and face validity index scores. Confirmatory factor analysis findings revealed a single factor structure that offered good model suitability. Cronbach alpha was 0.93 for the scale and its subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference between the items according to test‐retest scores (P > 0.05), and a reliability index was over 0.80.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the Stroke Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool, recommended for use in clinical rehabilitation and stroke self‐management/self‐efficacy interventions.
Antibody repertoire analysis in polygenic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Bashford‐Rogers Rachael J. M. , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Thomas David C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHigh‐throughput sequencing of the DNA/RNA encoding antibody heavy‐ and light‐chains is rapidly transforming the field of adaptive immunity. It can address key questions, including: (i) how the B‐cell repertoire differs in health and disease; and (ii) if it does differ, the point(s) in B‐cell development at which this occurs. The advent of technologies, such as whole‐genome sequencing, offers the chance to link abnormalities in the B‐cell antibody repertoire to specific genomic variants and polymorphisms. Here, we discuss the current research using B‐cell antibody repertoire sequencing in three polygenic autoimmune diseases where there is good evidence for a pathological role for B‐cells, namely systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. These autoimmune diseases exhibit significantly skewed B‐cell receptor repertoires compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, some common repertoire defects are shared between diseases, such as elevated IGHV4‐34 gene usage. B‐cell clones have effectively been characterized and tracked between different tissues and blood in autoimmune disease. It has been hypothesized that these differences may signify differences in B‐cell tolerance; however, the mechanisms and implications of these defects are not clear.
Satisfaction guaranteed? Forensic consumer satisfaction survey
Authors: Cannon Tracey , Taylor Sigourney , Friedman Susan Hatters 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite many people being forensically hospitalized worldwide, there is limited research reporting on their views of the care they receive. To describe consumer satisfaction and areas for improvement, we utilized our forensic psychiatric hospital's consumer survey. Eleven years of surveys, including a total of 541 surveys, were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority of the forensic inpatients believed that their views were valued in their care and treatment. Most felt physically and emotionally safe at the hospital and believed that staff knew how to support them in times of distress. The majority felt that their culture and spirituality were respected. However, some areas for improvement were also noted, such as regarding staff attitudes. This consumer survey demonstrated a reasonably high level of satisfaction with forensic inpatient care, over the course of eleven years, despite this population of people being subject to lengthy hospitalisations. Satisfaction surveys of people in forensic inpatient units can be a regular part of forensic care and can help guide improvements in their care.