bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement invariance of the Spanish Launay–Slade Hallucinations Scale‐Extended version between putatively healthy controls and people diagnosed with a mental disorder
Authors: Siddi Sara , Ochoa Susana , Farreny Aida , Brébion Gildas , Larøi Frank , Cuevas‐Esteban Jorge , Haro Josep Maria , Stephan‐Otto Christian , Preti Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe current study aimed at evaluating the reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and factor structure of the Spanish Launay–Slade Hallucinations Scale‐Extended version (LSHS‐E) in people with mental disorders and healthy controls.MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐two individuals completed the Spanish LSHS‐E and the Spanish Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. The convergent and divergent validity of the LSHS‐E was assessed with the three dimensions of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (positive, negative, and depressive dimensions) in healthy controls and people with a mental disorder. Factor structure of the LSHS‐E was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance.ResultsThe LSHS‐E had a good reliability in healthy controls and people with a mental disorder (Cronbach's = 0.83 and 0.91, respectively). The LSHS‐E was more strongly associated with positive psychotic‐like experiences than with depressive and negative symptoms. Four factors were found: (a) “intrusive thoughts”; (b) “vivid daydreams”; (c) “multisensory hallucination‐like experiences”; and (d) “auditory–visual hallucination‐like experiences” that were invariant between the group of healthy controls and people with a mental disorder.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the LSHS‐E possesses adequate psychometric properties, and the confirmatory factor analysis findings provide further support for the multidimensionality of proneness to hallucination in clinical and nonclinical samples.
The prevalence of the defining features of primary ciliary dyskinesia within a cri du chat syndrome cohort
Authors: Sanders Catherine D. , Leigh Margaret W. , Chao Kay C. , Weck Karen E. , King Ian , Wolf Whitney E. , Campbell Dennis J. , Knowles Michael R. , Zariwala Maimoona A. , Shapiro Adam J. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cri du chat syndrome (CdCS) are distinct disorders that can co‐occur due to a common genetic locus on chromosome 5p. Chronic respiratory symptoms associated with PCD can occur in CdCS and are typically attributed to hypotonia, dysphagia, and aspiration. The prevalence of PCD among individuals with CdCS is not known.MethodsAn online survey assessing common features of PCD was distributed to members of the 5P Minus Society, a cri du chat patient advocacy group. Respondents who met criteria for elevated risk of PCD (at least 3 symptoms or other features highly suggestive of PCD) were offered PCD genetic testing.ResultsFor the 123 respondents (median age 10.1 years with IQR 5.5‐17.3 years; from 33 U.S. states and 10 other countries) chronic respiratory symptoms associated with PCD were prevalent, including unexplained neonatal respiratory distress, year‐round nasal congestion beginning in infancy, and year‐round, wet cough beginning in infancy in 35%, 32%, and 20% of respondents, respectively. Fifteen respondents (12%) met criteria for elevated risk for PCD and completed genetic analysis; however, none were diagnostic for PCD. A PCD clinical center evaluated an additional subject with CdCS who met criteria for likely PCD and had negative genetics, but had diagnostic electron microscopy of the respiratory cilia (missing outer dynein arms).ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the genetic connection between CdCS and PCD. Non‐informative genetic testing does not rule out PCD. CdCS patients with chronic respiratory symptoms may benefit from referral to specialized PCD diagnostic centers.
Signaling valuable human capital: Advocacy group work experience and its effect on employee pay in innovative firms
Authors: Grimpe Christoph , Kaiser Ulrich , Sofka Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

Research Summary: The ability of innovative firms to create and capture value depends on innovations that are quickly and widely adopted. Yet, stakeholder concerns can establish important barriers to diffusion. We study the human capital aspect of this challenge and investigate whether innovative firms pay salary premiums to new hires with work experience from advocacy groups like Transparency International. We integrate strategic human capital with stakeholder theory and suggest that advocacy group experience creates signals for valuable human capital in terms of stakeholder knowledge and legitimacy transfers to innovative firms. Using matched data for 3,562 employees in Denmark, we find that new hires with advocacy group experience enjoy larger salary premiums at technologically leading firms, in occupations with direct stakeholder interaction, and for advocacy group top management.Managerial Summary: Innovation research is increasingly aware of the non‐technological factors behind successful innovations. Users, regulators, or public opinion can be benevolent supporters or stingy opponents of innovations. Employees with an understanding of the needs and sensitivities of societal stakeholders should therefore be valuable to innovative firms. We find this to be the case when innovative firms hire employees from advocacy groups representing such stakeholders (e.g., Transparency International). Such employees receive higher salaries than an otherwise comparable reference group. These findings indicate that recruiting needs of innovative firms reward stakeholder experience, not merely technological expertise. They demonstrate how firms can create value in the pursuit of the public interest. Further, advocacy groups emerge as an important career stage allowing individuals to develop credible signals for stakeholder expertise.
Effective field theory of black hole echoes
Authors: Burgess C. P. , Plestid Ryan , Rummel Markus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGravitational wave ‘echoes’ during black-hole merging events have been advocated as possible signals of modifications to gravity in the strong-field (but semiclassical) regime. In these proposals the observable effect comes entirely from the appearance of nonzero reflection probability at the horizon, which vanishes for a standard black hole. We show how to apply EFT reasoning to these arguments, using and extending earlier work for localized systems that relates choices of boundary condition to the action for the physics responsible for these boundary conditions. EFT reasoning applied to this action argues that linear ‘Robin’ boundary conditions dominate at low energies, and we determine the relationship between the corresponding effective coupling (whose value is the one relevant low-energy prediction of particular modifications to General Relativity for these systems) and the phenomenologically measurable near-horizon reflection coefficient. Because this connection involves only near-horizon physics it is comparatively simple to establish, and we do so for perturbations in both the Schwarzschild geometry (which is the one most often studied theoretically) and the Kerr geometry (which is the one of observational interest for post-merger ring down). In passing we identify the renormalization-group evolution of the effective couplings as a function of a regularization distance from the horizon, that enforces how physics does not depend on the precise position where the boundary conditions are imposed. We show that the perfect-absorber/perfect-emitter boundary conditions of General Relativity correspond to the only fixed points of this evolution. Nontrivial running of all other RG evolution reflects how modifications to gravity necessarily introduce new physics near the horizon.
Redox Modulation at Work: Natural Phytoprotective Polysulfanes From Alliums Based on Redox-Active Sulfur
Authors: Anwar Awais , Gould Emma , Tinson Ryan , Iqbal Javaid , Hamilton Chris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurpose of reviewThis article provides a brief overview of natural phytoprotective products ofalliumwith a special focus on the therapeutic potential of diallyl polysulfanes from garlic, their molecular targets and their fate in the living organisms. A comprehensive overview of antimicrobial and anticancer properties of published literature is presented for the reader to understand the effective concentrations of polysulfanes and their sensitivity towards different human pathogenic microbes, fungi, and cancer cell lines.Recent findingsThe article finds polysulfanes potentials as new generation novel antibiotics and chemo preventive agent. The effective dose rates of polysulfanes for antimicrobial properties are in the range of 0.5–40 mg/L and for anticancer 20–100 μM. The molecular targets for these redox modulators are mainly cellular thiols as well as inhibition and/or activation of certain cellular proteins in cancer cell lines.SummaryAntimicrobial and anticancer activities of polysulfanes published in the literature indicate that with further development, they could be promising candidates for cancer prevention due to their selectivity towards abnormal cells.
Racial and ethnic estimates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States (2015–2060) in adults aged ≥65 years
Authors: Matthews Kevin A. , Xu Wei , Gaglioti Anne H. , Holt James B. , Croft Janet B. , Mack Dominic , McGuire Lisa C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) cause a high burden of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Age, race, and ethnicity are important risk factors for ADRD.MethodsWe estimated the future US burden of ADRD by age, sex, and race and ethnicity by applying subgroup‐specific prevalence among Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years in 2014 to subgroup‐specific population estimates for 2014 and population projection data from the United States Census Bureau for 2015 to 2060.ResultsThe burden of ADRD in 2014 was an estimated 5.0 million adults aged ≥65 years or 1.6% of the population, and there are significant disparities in ADRD prevalence among population subgroups defined by race and ethnicity. ADRD burden will double to 3.3% by 2060 when 13.9 million Americans are projected to have the disease.DiscussionThese estimates can be used to guide planning and interventions related to caring for the ADRD population and supporting caregivers.
Successful Aging and Changes in Sexual Interest and Enjoyment Among Older European Men and Women
Authors: Štulhofer Aleksandar , Hinchliff Sharron , Jurin Tanja , Hald Gert Martin , Træen Bente 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the popularity and analytical relevance of the concept of successful aging, little efforts have been made to address its relationship to sexuality in older individuals.

Aim
To explore the relationship between successful aging and the (retrospectively assessed) change in sexual interest and enjoyment in the past 10 years, using a new multidimensional model of successful aging.

Methods
The data for this study was collected in 2016 using national probability-based surveys in four European countries (Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal). In total, information from 2,461 sexually active and inactive participants aged 60–75 years was used for analyses. Multigroup structural equation analysis was employed to address the associations between key constructs.

Main Outcome Measure
The dependent variable was a composite (two-item) indicator of change in sexual interest and enjoyment in the past 10 years; a multifaceted model of successful aging predicted the change by country and gender.

Results
Tested cross-culturally, the proposed model of successful aging demonstrated a good fit to the data. Furthermore, its metric characteristics enabled direct comparisons across gender and national cultures. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, higher successful aging scores were consistently related to lower reduction in sexual interest/enjoyment among men and women across the 4 countries.

Clinical Implications
Given an increased life-expectancy and focus on healthy aging in many countries, the findings about the associations between sexual expression, quality of life and aging well are valuable to professionals working in the area of healthy sexual aging.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first study to systematically address the relationship between successful aging and sexuality. Furthermore, it provides a multidimensional measure of successful aging for a wide range of sexologic studies. Among limitations, possible self-selection bias (toward more sexually permissive and sexually active participants) and the fact that the findings are restricted to older heterosexual individuals, should be considered.

Conclusion
Without stigmatizing the absence of sexual expression in aging individuals, the findings from this cross-cultural study point out that sustained sexual interest and sexual enjoyment are linked to successful aging in both genders.
API security: whose job is it anyway?
Authors: Macy Jason 
Published: September 2018

It's probably safe to assume that nearly everyone is out to get your data. Nowadays it's data, not gold or oil, that is the world's most valuable and sought-after asset and it seems as if every month some company or other is hacked, exposing thousands of their users' information to unauthorised third parties. APIs are the glue that holds the digital world together. But's that's also the fundamental challenge with APIs – that they are everywhere. You use them every day and most of the time you are not even aware of it. And the sheer scale at which APIs are used means the potential impact of an API-related attack is significant. But as with other cyberthreats, the effects of a breach depend on the specific scenario and the data that is being shared through the API. Jason Macy of Forum Systems looks at how APIs can be vulnerable – and how they can be employed responsibly.
Is quantum computing becoming relevant to cyber-security?
Authors: Keplinger Keegan 
Published: September 2018

In the past decade, much has been done to explore the utility of quantum computing in the cybersphere, including cryptography and machine learning. 1–4 Despite the promising potential, there has, historically, been a considerable degree of scepticism over how quickly the community would overcome the numerous obstacles involved in controlling and measuring quantum particles. In the past decade, much has been done to explore the utility of quantum computing in the cybersphere, including cryptography and machine learning. The way in which quantum operations can be applied to achieve new algorithms is not yet fully understood, which means it's going to be an arms race. If you want to be ahead of the curve, says Keegan Keplinger of eSentire, you should learn quantum programming and find ways to implement the properties of superposition (that third bit state) in your everyday practice.
Epidemiology, detection, and management of tuberculosis among end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Okada Reiko C. , Barry Pennan M. , Skarbinski Jacek , Chitnis Amit S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains an important problem among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We reviewed the epidemiology of TB and ESRD, investigations of TB exposures in US dialysis facilities, and published guidelines to inform screening and treatment practices among US ESRD patients. Compared to TB in the general population, ESRD patients have 6–25-fold higher TB incidence rates, and mortality during treatment is 2–3-fold higher. Most TB cases among ESRD patients (~90%) occur among non–US-born persons, and an analysis of genotyping data suggests that 80% of all cases result from latent TB infection (LTBI) reactivation. Published TB contact investigations in dialysis facilities have reported cases among ESRD patients and healthcare workers. However, transmission of TB is rare: there were no reports of secondary cases of TB because of exposure to an index-case patient and there were few TB infections, which was demonstrated by low occurrence of newly positive tuberculin skin tests (12%–16%) and conversions (8%–17%) among contacts. Targeted TB education, screening, and treatment for ESRD patients at highest risk for TB exposure (eg, non–US-born persons), using interferon-gamma release assays and short course LTBI regimens (ie, isoniazid-rifapentine weekly for 12 weeks or rifampin daily for 4 months) may be an effective overall strategy for reducing TB burden in ESRD patients.
Nothing about us, without us: A case study of a consumer-run organization by and for people on the autism spectrum in the Netherlands
Authors: van den Bosch Karin E. , Krzeminska Anna , Song Eun Young , van Hal Lineke B. E. , Waltz Mitzi M. , Ebben Hannah , Schippers Alice P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this exploratory case study based on qualitative research, we explore the perspectives and experiences of autistic self-advocates in the Netherlands regarding autism, (self-)advocacy, and consumer-run organizations. The focus of our study is a consumer-run organization by and for adult Persons on the Autism Spectrum in the Netherlands: PAS-Nederland or PAS for short. Our analysis reveals four themes relevant to the acceptance and integration of adults with autism into society and work: (1) invisibility of autistic adults; (2) diversity of the autism spectrum; (3) autistic leadership; and (4) collaboration between people with and without autism. We discuss the practical implications of our findings for the inclusion of people with autism in work and society. Our study underscores the importance of putting autistic people at the center of decision-making processes and solutions aimed at improving their outcomes in society, in general, and in the workplace specifically.
Active seismic studies in valley glacier settings: strategies and limitations
Authors: ZECHMANN JENNA M. , BOOTH ADAM D. , TRUFFER MARTIN , GUSMEROLI ALESSIO , AMUNDSON JASON M. , LARSEN CHRISTOPHER F. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSubglacial tills play an important role in glacier dynamics but are difficult to characterize in situ. Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA) analysis of seismic reflection data can distinguish between stiff tills and deformable tills. However, AVA analysis in mountain glacier environments can be problematic: reflections can be obscured by Rayleigh wave energy scattered from crevasses, and complex basal topography can impede the location of reflection points in 2-D acquisitions. We use a forward model to produce challenging synthetic seismic records in order to test the efficacy of AVA in crevassed and geometrically complex environments. We find that we can distinguish subglacial till types in moderately crevassed environments, where ‘moderate’ depends on crevasse spacing and orientation. The forward model serves as a planning tool, as it can predict AVA success or failure based on characteristics of the study glacier. Applying lessons from the forward model, we perform AVA on a seismic dataset collected from Taku Glacier in Southeast Alaska in March 2016. Taku Glacier is a valley glacier thought to overlay thick sediment deposits. A near-offset polarity reversal confirms that the tills are deformable.
Phylogenetic relationships of the family Gryporhynchidae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) inferred through SSU and LSU rDNA sequences
Authors: Ortega-Olivares M.P. , García-Varela M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTapeworms of the family Gryporhynchidae are endoparasites of fish-eating birds distributed worldwide. Currently the family contains 16 genera classified on the basis of the morphology of the rostellar apparatus, rostellar hooks and strobilar anatomy. However, the phylogenetic relationships among the genera are still unknown. In this study, sequences of the near complete 18S (SSU) and 28S (LSU) from rDNA of 13 species of gryporhynchids (adult specimens) representing eight genera (Cyclustera,Dendrouterina,Glossocercus, Gryporhynchidae gen. sp.,Neovalipora,Paradilepis,Parvitaenia,Valipora) and one species of metacestode from fish (Neovalipora) were generated. Additionally, sequences of metacestodes of the generaAmirthalingamia,Neogryporhynchus,Paradilepis,ParvitaeniaandValiporafrom Africa recently added to the GenBank database were analysed. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference of each (SSU and LSU) dataset. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the family Gryporhynchidae is a well-supported monophyletic group within the Cyclophyllidea. The trees inferred with SSU and LSU datasets had similar topologies and suggested that the generaGlossocercus(two species sequenced) andParadilepis(four spp.) are monophyletic. In contrast,Dendrouterina,ParvitaeniaandValiporaare paraphyletic, suggesting that the species composition of these genera should be critically reviewed. Interestingly, species of the genera that use the same groups of definitive hosts such as herons (Ardeidae), cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) and ibis (Threskiornithidae) are together in the phylogenetic tree, even though they differ markedly from each other in some morphological characters, especially shape and size of rostellar hooks.
LA NAZIONALIZZAZIONE DEL VOTO
Authors: Caramani Daniele 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneTalvolta, teorie suggestive e portatrici di importanti potenzialità euristiche non trovano sempre quella collocazione teorica ed empirica che ne farebbe fonte di nuove conoscenze e di freschi impulsi analitici. Accade inoltre che riflessione concettuale e misure formali semplici ma ricche in sostanza e contenuti vengano trascurate a vantaggio di sofisticate metodologie e tecniche sproporzionate rispetto ai fini teorici conseguiti. Infine, la disciplina della scienza politica è caratterizzata da fenomeni di moda, che dirigono sia la produzione teorica che la ricerca empirica verso certi campi a discapito di altri.
LA NUOVA LEGGE ELETTORALE IN PARLAMENTO: CHI, COME E PERCHÉ
Authors: Pappalardo Adriano 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneIl 6 agosto 1993 apparivano sulla Gazzetta ufficiale le leggi n. 276 e 277, contenenti la nuova normativa elettorale per il Senato e la Camera dei deputati. Si concludeva così l'iterdi una riforma cruciale e, in conformità a una consolidata tradizione, il traguardo veniva tagliato all'ultimo momento e sotto la pressione di scadenze inderogabili e drammatici sviluppi politici. Proprio il 6 agosto, infatti, l'intera materia avrebbe potuto tornare in alto mare per effetto dei poteri referenti conferiti dalla legge alla Commissione bicamerale che aveva avviato la riforma nel settembre 1992. Ma, a prescindere dalle prescrizioni costituzionali, sia i tempi che i contenuti del processo decisionale appaiono scanditi (se non puntualmente spiegati) da circostanze contestuali (referendum), sulle quali si innestano strategie invariabilmente reattive dei partiti.
PARTITI DI CENTRO E PARTITI CENTRALI: UNA CHIARIFICAZIONE CONCETTUALE
Authors: Hazan Reuven Y. 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneMolti partiti riformisti nella storia di Francia ed Inghilterra, i vecchi partiti agrari nella Scandinavia del dopoguerra ed alcuni nuovi partiti delle riemergenti democrazie, sia nell'Europa meridionale che in quella orientale, si sono etichettati come partiti «di centro». Ma si tratta di veri partiti di centro? E se questo è vero, a che tipo di partito di centro appartengono?