bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Invasive and Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurements for Assessing Signal Complexity and Surgical Risk in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Gibson Lauren E. , Henriques Teresa S. , Costa Madalena D. , Davis Roger B. , Mittleman Murray A. , Mathur Pooja , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:
Continuous arterial blood pressure (ABP) is typically recorded by placement of an intraarterial catheter. Recently, noninvasive ABP monitors have been shown to be comparable in accuracy to invasive measurements. In a previous study, we showed that the fluctuations in beat-to-beat ABP measurements were not random variations but had a complex dynamical structure, and that ABP dynamical complexity was inversely associated with surgical risk estimated using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) index. Dynamical complexity is a mathematical construct that reflects the capacity of a physiological system to adapt to stimuli. The objectives of present study were to: (1) determine whether noninvasive beat-to-beat ABP measurements also exhibit a complex temporal structure; (2) compare the complexity of noninvasive versus invasive ABP time series; and (3) quantify the relationship between the complexity of noninvasive ABP time series and the STS risk scores.

METHODS:
Fifteen adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, valve, or combined coronary artery bypass graft/valve surgery were enrolled in this observational study. Preoperative ABP waveforms were simultaneously recorded for ≥15 minutes using a radial artery catheter (invasive) and a continuous noninvasive arterial pressure monitor. Beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) time series were extracted from the continuous waveforms. Complexity was assessed using the multiscale entropy method. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the mean ranks of indices derived from invasive versus noninvasive ABP time series. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to quantify the relationship between invasive and noninvasive indices. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the association between each of the complexity indices and the STS risk scores.

RESULTS:
Beat-to-beat fluctuations in noninvasive ABP measurements were not random but complex; however, their degree of complexity was lower than that of fluctuations in invasively obtained ABP signals (SBP: 7.05 vs 8.66, P < .001; DBP: 7.40 vs 8.41, P < .001; PP: 6.83 vs 8.82, P < .001; and MAP: 7.17 vs 8.68, P < .005). Invasive and noninvasive indices for MSEΣ·slope showed good correlation (r
s) (0.53 for SBP, 0.79 for DBP, 0.42 for PP, 0.60 for MAP). The complexity of noninvasive ABP time series (−0.70 [−1.28 to −0.11]; P = .023 for DBP), like that of invasive time series (−0.94 [−1.52 to −0.35]; P = .004 for DBP), was inversely associated with estimated surgical risk in patients undergoing cardiovascular operations.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results support the use of noninvasive ABP monitoring in computations of complexity-based indices that correlate with estimated surgical risk.
A simplified mechanism for anisotropic constriction in Drosophila mesoderm
Authors: Doubrovinski Konstantin , Tchoufag Joel , Mandadapu Kranthi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Understanding how forces and material properties give rise to tissue shapes is a fundamental issue in developmental biology. Although Drosophila gastrulation is a well-used system for investigating tissue morphogenesis, a consensus mechanical model that explains all the key features of this process does not exist. One key feature of Drosophila gastrulation is its anisotropy: the mesoderm constricts much more along one axis than along the other. Previous explanations have involved graded stress, anisotropic stresses or material properties, or mechanosensitive feedback. Here, we show that these mechanisms are not required to explain the anisotropy of constriction. Instead, constriction can be anisotropic if only two conditions are met: the tissue is elastic, as was demonstrated in our recent study; and the contractile domain is asymmetric. This conclusion is general and does not depend on the values of model parameters. Our model can explain results from classical tissue-grafting experiments and from more-recent laser ablation studies. Furthermore, our model may provide alternative explanations for experiments in other developmental systems, including C. elegans and zebrafish.
A centrosomal view of CNS growth
Authors: Saade Murielle , Blanco-Ameijeiras Jose , Gonzalez-Gobartt Elena , Martí Elisa 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the proliferation of neural progenitor cells to be tightly regulated, allowing the formation of an organ with the right size and shape. This includes regulation of both the spatial distribution of mitosis and the mode of cell division. The centrosome, which is the main microtubule-organizing centre of animal cells, contributes to both of these processes. Here, we discuss the impact that centrosome-mediated control of cell division has on the shape of the overall growing CNS. We also review the intrinsic properties of the centrosome, both in terms of its molecular composition and its signalling capabilities, and discuss the fascinating notion that intrinsic centrosomal asymmetries in dividing neural progenitor cells are instructive for neurogenesis. Finally, we discuss the genetic links between centrosome dysfunction during development and the aetiology of microcephaly.
Attenuation of Spontaneous Baroreceptor Sensitivity after Concussion
Authors: LA FOUNTAINE MICHAEL F. , HOHN ASANTE N. , TESTA ANTHONY J. , WEIR JOSEPH P. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiovascular autonomic nervous system (CV-ANS) function is negatively impacted after concussion. The arterial baroreflex buffers pressor and depressor challenges through efferent modulation of cardiac chronotropism and inotropism, and peripheral vascular tone. Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) reflects the capacity of the CV-ANS to accommodate dynamic metabolic demands in the periphery. The impact of concussion on BRS has yet to be defined.MethodsCardiovascular autonomic nervous system assessment (e.g., electrocardiogram and beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure [SBP]) was performed the seated upright position at rest within 48 h (V1) of concussion and 1 wk later (V2) in 10 intercollegiate male athletes with concussion and 10 noninjured male athletes. Changes in HR, SBP, high- and low-frequency HR variabilities (HF-HRV and LF-HRV, respectively), LF-SBP variability and BRS for increasing (BRSn-Up) and decreasing (BRSn-Dn) SBP excursions, and overall BRS (BRSn-Avg) were assessed for differences at V1 and V2.ResultsThe concussion (age, 20 ± 1 yr; height, 1.79 ± 0.14 m; weight, 83 ± 10 kg) and control (age, 20 ± 1 yr; height, 1.78 ± 0.10 m; weight, 79 ± 13 kg) groups were matched for demographics. Concussed athletes had a significantly reduced BRSn-Up, BRSn-Dn, and BRSn-Avg compared with controls at V1 or V2; these changes occurred without differences in conventional markers of CV-ANS function (e.g., HF-HRV, LF-HRV, LF-SBP), HR, or SBP at either visit.ConclusionsReduced BRS is a postconcussive consequence of CV-ANS dysfunction during the first postinjury week. Because SBP was similar between groups, it may be speculated that reduced BRS was not afferent in origin, but represents a postinjury consequence of the central nervous system after injury.
Effectiveness of a Parent-led Physical Activity Intervention in Youth with Obesity
Authors: RUBIN DANIELA A. , WILSON KATHLEEN S. , DUMONT-DRISCOLL MARILYN , ROSE DEBRA J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, rare neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by excessive fat, hypotonia, poor motor skills, and behavioral and cognitive disabilities. We tested the effectiveness of a home-based physical activity (PA) intervention led by parents in youth with obesity with and without PWS to increase moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and gross motor proficiency.

Methods
Participants were 111 youth age 8 to 16 yr (45 with PWS and 66 without PWS, but categorized as obese). A parallel design was used with the control group (C) receiving the intervention after serving as control. Intervention participants (I) completed a PA curriculum 4 d·wk−1 for 24 wk including warm-up exercises, strengthening exercises, and playground games 2 d·wk−1 and interactive console games 2 d·wk−1 guided by their parents. Pre–post outcomes (baseline to 24 wk) included MVPA (7-d accelerometry) and motor proficiency including upper limb coordination, bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, and muscle strength (Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency).

Results
The intervention led to no change in MVPA (I group, 39.6 vs 38.9 min·d−1; C group, 40.6 vs 38.3 min·d−1). The intervention led to improvements in body coordination (22.3%; P < 0.05), as well as strength and agility (13.7%; P < 0.05). Specifically, the I group showed increases in upper limb coordination (19.1%), bilateral coordination (27.8%), and muscle strength (12.9%; P < 0.05 for all) not observed in the C group: −0.2%, 2.5%, and −3.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
This parent-guided PA intervention did not increase PA. However, the intervention led to improvements in gross motor skill competency. Providing families with tools and support can lead to implementation of PA routines that contribute to motor skill proficiency in youth with and without PWS.
Time Trial Performance Is Sensitive to Low-Volume Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: BEJDER JACOB , BREENFELDT ANDERSEN ANDREAS , SOLHEIM SARA AMALIE , GYBEL-BRASK MIKKEL , SECHER NIELS HENRY , JOHANSSON PÄR INGEMAR , NORDSBORG NIKOLAI BAASTRUP 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study tested the hypothesis that autologous blood transfusion (ABT) of ~50% of the red blood cells (RBC) from a standard 450-mL phlebotomy would increase mean power in a cycling time trial. In addition, the study investigated whether further ABT of RBC obtained from another 450-mL phlebotomy would increase repeated cycling sprint ability.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design (3-month wash-out), nine highly trained male subjects donated two 450-mL blood bags each (BT trial) or were sham phlebotomized (PLA trial). Four weeks later, a 650-kcal time trial (n= 7) was performed 3 d before and 2 h after receiving either ~50% (135 mL) of the RBC or a sham transfusion. On the following day, transfusion of RBC (235 mL) from the second donation or sham transfusion was completed. A 4 × 30-s all-out cycling sprint interspersed by 4 min of recovery was performed 6 d before and 3 d after the second ABT (n= 9).ResultsThe mean power was increased in time trials from before to after transfusion (P< 0.05) in BT (213 ± 35 vs 223 ± 38 W; mean ± SD) but not in PLA (223 ± 42 vs 224 ± 46 W). In contrast, the mean power output across the four 30-s sprint bouts remained similar in BT (639 ± 35 vs 644 ± 26 W) and PLA (638 ± 43 vs 639 ± 25 W).ConclusionsABT of only ~135 mL of RBC is sufficient to increase mean power in a 650-kcal cycling time trial by ~5% in highly trained men. In contrast, a combined high-volume transfusion of ~135 and ~235 mL of RBC does not alter 4 × 30-s all-out cycling performance interspersed with 4 min of recovery.
Microbiota profiling with long amplicons using Nanopore sequencing: full-length 16S rRNA gene and whole rrn operon
Authors: Cuscó Anna , Catozzi Carlotta , Viñes Joaquim , Sanchez Armand , Francino Olga 
Published: November 2018

Background: Profiling the microbiome of low-biomass samples is challenging for metagenomics since these samples often contain DNA from other sources, such as the host or the environment. The usual approach is sequencing specific hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, which fails to assign taxonomy to genus and species level. Here, we aim to assess long-amplicon PCR-based approaches for assigning taxonomy at the genus and species level. We use Nanopore sequencing with two different markers: full-length 16S rRNA (~1,500 bp) and the whole rrn operon (16S rRNA–ITS–23S rRNA; 4,500 bp). Methods: We sequenced a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, two mock communities (HM-783D, Bei Resources; D6306, ZymoBIOMICS™) and two pools of low-biomass samples (dog skin from either the chin or dorsal back), using the MinION™ sequencer 1D PCR barcoding kit. Sequences were pre-processed, and data were analyzed using the WIMP workflow on EPI2ME or Minimap2 software with rrn database. Results: The full-length 16S rRNA and the rrn operon were used to retrieve the microbiota composition at the genus and species level from the bacterial isolate, mock communities and complex skin samples. For the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate, when using EPI2ME, the amplicons were assigned to the correct bacterial species in ~98% of the cases with the rrn operon marker, and in ~68% of the cases with the 16S rRNA gene. In both skin microbiota samples, we detected many species with an environmental origin. In chin, we found different Pseudomonas species in high abundance, whereas in dorsal skin there were more taxa with lower abundances. Conclusions: Both full-length 16S rRNA and the rrn operon retrieved the microbiota composition of simple and complex microbial communities, even from the low-biomass samples such as dog skin. For an increased resolution at the species level, using the rrn operon would be the best choice.
Exploring challenges at 6 months after stroke: what is important to patients for self-management?
Authors: Rutherford Sandy J , Hocking Clare , Theadom Alice , McPherson Kathryn M 
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Self-management models have recently been applied to stroke, but the most effective components are yet to be determined. To inform the ongoing refinement of stroke self-management programmes, this study explored challenges at 6 months after stroke. Methods: A total of 53 stroke survivors and 26 significant others were interviewed 6 months after stroke. Results were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Findings: Stroke was experienced as a shocking and frightening event regardless of severity, and participants struggled to manage the consequences of their stroke. The stroke experience occurred within the context of more than one chronic condition and with competing demands of everyday life. Participants struggled to formulate a model of causation for their stroke, yet this appeared a necessary basis for action. Conclusions: The findings suggest that health care targeted at enhancing self-management, including self-management programmes, may benefit from encompassing a specific focus on participants' beliefs as an important foundation for recovery after stroke.
Ensuring healthy skin as part of wound prevention: an integrative review of health professionals' actions
Authors: Kennedy Kate J. , Price Kay , Rando Tabatha L. , Boylan Jo , Dyer Anthony R. 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To provide a synthesis of the best available, recent primary or secondary research evidence on early preventative activities taken to increase skin health, and reduce the incidence of facility-acquired skin tears and pressure ulcers (PUs) in community, residential and health-care institutions. Method: An integrative review focusing on a 10-year period, 2007-2017. A literature search of health databases was carried out, as well as a search of grey literature in relevant skin, wound care and nursing association journals. A second search was also conducted focused on literature from policy and guideline development organisations. Primary outcomes of interest were reduction in dry skin (xerosis), friable skin, or increases in healthy skin maintenance activities. Secondary outcomes of interest were reductions in PU or skin tear occurrences. Opinion, non-systematic literature reviews and discussion papers were excluded. Results: Of the 4932 references obtained from the searches, a total of 33 articles were included in the review: 27 peer-reviewed journal articles and six articles from the grey literature search. No guideline was found that focused on maintaining skin health as a person ages. Studies identified the main factors for maintaining skin health as nutrition, hydration and skin care regimen. Conclusion: Skin care regimens, including a focus on good nutrition and pH balance, should start immediately on arrival in institutions such as hospitals or residential aged care, and continue throughout the stay.
Evaluation of fluorescence biomodulation in the real-life management of chronic wounds: the EUREKA trial
Authors: Romanelli Marco , Piaggesi Alberto , Scapagnini Giovanni , Dini Valentina , Janowska Agata , Iacopi Elisabetta , Scarpa Carlotta , Fauverghe Stéphane , Bassetto Franco ,   EUREKA Study Group
Published: November 2018

Objective: Fluorescence biomodulation (FB), a form of photobiomodulation (PBM) that is also known as low energy level light (LELL), has become an increasingly used clinical tool to induce wound healing in wounds that remain recalcitrant to treatment. In a real-life clinical setting, the aim of the EUREKA (EvalUation of Real-lifE use of Klox biophotonic system in chronic wound mAnagement) study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of LumiHeal, a system based on FB, in the treatment of chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers (VLUs), diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and pressure ulcers (PUs). The effects of this FB system on the modulation of wound healing in chronic ulcers through FB induction were previously examined in an interim analysis of this study. Method: A multicenter, prospective, observational, uncontrolled trial in 12 clinical sites in Italy. The wound was cleansed with saline and a 2mm thick layer of a chromophore gel was applied to the affected area in a biweekly regimen. The area was then illuminated with the LED activator for five minutes at a distance of 5cm. Treatment was used in combination with standard of care specific to each type of chronic wound (VLU, DFU, PU). Wound area evaluation was assessed using the Silhouette Imaging System and quality of life (QoL) with the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS). A seven-point evaluation of the clinicans' view was also examined. Results: We enrolled 100 subjects, with the final analysis including 99 patients/ulcers consisting of 52 VLUs, 32 DFUs and 15 PUs. Total wound closure at the end of the study was achieved in 47 patients by aetiology: 26 VLUs (50% of VLUs); 16 DFUs (50% of DFUs); and five PUs (33.3% of PUs). The mean wound area regression at last study assessment was significant for VLUs (41.0%; p<0.001) and DFUs (52.4%; p<0.001). After four weeks of treatment, it was possible to significantly predict if the ulcer would respond (defined as a decrease of wound size) to the study treatment. Adherence was high (95.2%) and no related serious adverse events were reported during the study. QoL significantly improved, with an increase of 15.4% of the total score, using the CWIS (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed a positive efficacy profile of the FB system in inducing the wound healing process in three different types of hard-to-heal chronic wounds. The treatment was shown to be safe and well tolerated by the patients, with a significant improvement in patient QoL. This approach offers an effective modality for the treatment of hard-to-heal chronic ulcers.
Pelvic binder placement in a regional trauma centre
Authors: Henning Sarah , Norris Rory , Hill Christopher E 
Published: November 2018

Background: Pelvic circumferential compression devices (PCCDs) are a life-saving prehospital adjunct to trauma care. Correct positioning at the level of the trochanters maximises their efficacy. Methods: To examine the positioning of PCCDs in a regional trauma centre in England, a retrospective analysis of patients who had experienced major trauma was carried out over a 6-month period. The primary outcome of PCCD position was assessed using computerised tomography imaging and recorded as ‘high’, ‘centred’ or ‘low’ (depending on trochanter level). Secondary outcomes, including patient demographics, mechanism, pattern, number and types of injury were also collected. Results: Eighty-nine patients were identified with a PCCD in situ, in whom 28 (31%) devices were positioned too high and eight (10%) too low. There was no correlation between mechanism, pattern, number or type of injury and PCCD position. Conclusions: Despite published evidence on PCCD position and training for personnel, many PCCDs are still poorly placed. Further education for professionals involved in PCCD application is recommended.
Dinamika Kerja Sama Subregional di Selat Malaka: City to City Connectivity sebagai Pendukung Koridor Ekonomi
Authors: Irewati Awani 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Konektivitas adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam membangun kerja sama di tingkat bilateral, regional dan internasional. Dunia city to city connectivity menjadi tulang punggung bagi kelangsungan koridor ekonomi pada kerja sama sub-regional seperti IMT-GT. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan dinamika dua koridor ekonomi, yaitu konektivitas Pulau Medan-Penang dan konektivitas Dumai-Melaka di Selat Malaka, dan sedikit ulasan tentang masa depan city to city connectivity bagi Indonesia dan Malaysia. Metode penulisan artikel ini didasarkan pada analisis kualitatif, dengan esensi dari temuannya adalah bahwa sebagai simpul terkecil dalam konektivitas, city to city connectivity yang dimaksud menentukan dinamika koridor ekonomi antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dan kondisi ini akan tetap menjadi faktor penting bagi kelangsungan kerja sama kedua negara, dan bagi kerja sama subregional IMT-GT di masa depan. Keywords: kerja sama subregional, city to city connectivity, koridor ekonomi, Selat Malaka
De espaldas al mar: conflictividad socioecológica en el estuario de Bahía Blanca (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Truchet Daniela María 
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo articular conceptos, documentos y bibliografía acerca de los conflictos socio-ecológicos que viran en torno al Estuario de Bahía Blanca (Provincia de Buenos Aires) como escenario de tensiones y luchas entre distintos actores en torno a la apropiación de este territorio. Suscitaremos la construcción y el olvido de procesos identitarios que subyacen en la pesca artesanal entorno a la conflictividad por la gestión y expropiación del estuario por las políticas aplicadas en los ’90 en los puertos argentinos. Este colectivo presenta prácticas históricas sustentables con la naturaleza en detrimento de las estrategias neoliberales que mercantilizan lo natural y utilizan las costas como «vertederos » de sustancias contaminantes. Para finalizar, ofreceremos perspectivas de legislaciónque se han puesto en marcha con una noción de justicia ecológica tanto para los seres no humanos como para para los pobladores locales que habitan escenarios de vulnerabilidad socio–ecológica y cultural.
La inclusión financiera en el derecho positivo argentino
Authors: Tschieder Vanina Guadalupe 
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar el fenómeno de la inclusión financiera desdeel punto de vista jurídico, explorando cuáles son las disposiciones existentes en nuestro derecho tendientes a promover y favorecer a la misma. También examinaremos cómo la transformación digital afecta a los servicios bancarios tradicionales a partir del uso de la tecnología y cómo las fintech contribuyen a potenciar el acceso al financiamiento. Del mismo modo trataremos de analizar el rol que juegan otras instituciones en este proceso y haremos referencia, en la medida de que sea relevante, a la normativa del erecho comparado y al aporte de organismos internacionales en torno a este tema.