bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capsaicinoids in Chili Habanero by Flow Injection with Coulometric Array Detection
Authors: Morozova Ksenia , Rodríguez‐Buenfil Ingrid , López‐Domínguez Cindy , Ramírez‐Sucre Manuel , Ballabio Davide , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study presents a sensitive electroanalytical method for the determination of capsaicinoids in chili extracts using flow injection with coulometric array detector. Flow injection method was developed based on the coulometric signal of capsaicinoids obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detector (HPLC‐ECD). Capsaicinoids concentration in 18 chili samples from Yucatán México cultivated in different types of soils was quantified using UHPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐ECD and expressed in Scoville units. The plants were cultivated in a greenhouse on three types of limestone soils, namely, red, black and brown. Chili peppers were harvested in two stages of maturity: immature (green), and mature (orange). HPLC‐ECD method showed ten times higher sensitivity compared to the UHPLC‐DAD. Capsaicinoid content in 18 chili samples was measured by flow injection method. The best correlation with the Scoville units was obtained by the analysis of the current signal of the sensor poised at +450 mV (R2=94). ANOVA analysis showed that the soil type and the harvest date were significant for the capsaicinoid content. Chili plants cultivated in red soil had higher capsaicinoid content. In addition, the capsaicinoid content was increasing at later harvest dates. In summary, the suggested flow injection method with coulometric array detector decreased the time of analysis from 15 min to 30 s. Therefore it can be successfully applied for the routine capsaicinoid analysis in chili.
Electrochemical Sensing of Ascorbic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose by Bimetallic (Fe, Ni)−CNTs Composite Modified Electrode
Authors: Naqvi Sayed Tayyab Raza , Shirinfar Bahareh , Hussain Dilshad , Majeed Saadat , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Aslam Yasin , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research, bimetallic supported CNT modified electrode (Fe,Ni/CNTs/GCE) has been developed for sensitive, stable and highly elctroactive sensing of glucose, ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Transition metals such as Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) offer high electrical and thermal conductance, high active surface‐to‐volume ratio and presence of d‐band electrons gives enhanced electrocatalytic behavior. While, CNTs provide high surface area, stability and excellent conductivity. Synthesized material is characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR to access morphology, elemental composition and structure. This unique combination is employed for the electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid, glucose and hydrogen peroxide and different experimental parameters are optimized. Fe,Ni/CNTs/GCE shows good sensing efficiency at pH 7.4 which is ideally suitable for variety of analytes. The modified electrode also show good reproducibility and sensitivity under optimized conditions and can be reused upto 30 cycles without compromising the efficiency. With good linearity, reproducibility and limit of detection, this material possess significant potential as non‐enzymatic biosensor for variety of analytes.
Using a butt joint test to evaluate photovoltaic edge seal adhesion
Authors: Kempe Michael , Korkmaz Kaan , Postak Lori , Booth Dennis , Lu Jerry , Kotarba Casimir , Rupert Lindsay , Molnar Tawana , Aoki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany photovoltaic (PV) technologies have been found to be sensitive to moisture that diffuses into a PV package. Even with the use of impermeable frontsheets and backsheets, moisture can penetrate from the edges of a module. To limit this moisture ingress pathway from occurring, manufacturers often use a low permeability polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based edge seal filled with desiccant to further restrict moisture ingress. Moisture ingress studies have shown that these materials are capable of blocking moisture for the 25‐year life of a module; but to do so, they must remain well‐adhered and free of cracks. This work investigates the potential use of a butt joint test for evaluating the long‐term durability of adhesion by looking for significant changes in the failure mode or quantitative value of a butt joint test. A round robin experiment was conducted using six different materials and two sample constructions, with and without effort to control edge pinch. Tests were evaluated looking at the strength of the bond, and the type of failure observed in a round robin test involving five laboratories. It was found that both the measured values, and the observed failure modes were repeatable and reproducible within at 95% confidence interval.
Regression model for seamless mobility in LTE‐A HetNets
Authors: Saraswathi Priyadharshini A. , Bhuvaneswari P.T.V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment in Long‐Term Evolution Advanced networks poses serious handover (HO) performance issues when compared to the homogeneous deployment. The solution being the proper configuration of the HO control parameters (HCP), namely, hysteresis margin, A3Offset, cell‐specific offset, and TTT in consideration with various characteristics. In the literature, the presented methods rely on either optimization rules or on the unstable network characteristics. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a model for HCP configuration. Initially, sensitivity analysis has been made to investigate the dependency of the abovementioned HCPs with respect to the characteristics, namely, intersite distance and offloading benefit with respect to the HO scenario. Finally, the dependency has been modeled as a regression‐based prediction model. Model with the highest prediction accuracy is identified based on the goodness of fit metrics, namely, R‐square, adjusted R‐square, the sum of square errors, and root‐mean‐square error, respectively. Among the models explored, the polynomial P44 shows the highest prediction accuracy of 99.29% in macro‐pico HO scenario and of 98.61% in pico‐macro HO scenario.
A generalized many‐objective optimization approach for scenario discovery
Authors: Kwakkel Jan H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractScenario discovery is a model‐based approach for scenario development, aimed at finding one or more subspaces within the uncertainty space associated with a model that is decision‐relevant. These identified subspaces can subsequently be translated into narratives or shared in other ways a broader participatory process. Finding such as subspace involves solving a three‐objective optimization problem. A subspace should cover many of the decision relevant model runs, while containing as few as possible nondecision relevant model runs, and being easy to interpret. Existing techniques for scenario discovery, however, focus only on finding a subspace that minimizes the number of nondecision relevant model runs. Adopting a single objective optimization approach for a many‐objective optimization problem implies that the full trade‐off space is not identified. In this paper, we introduce a many‐objective optimization approach for scenario discovery. We compare this with an improved usage of Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM) for identifying the multidimensional trade‐offs amongst coverage, density, and interpretability. We find that the many‐objective optimization approach produces results which slightly dominate those of the improved version of PRIM on all three objectives. Qualitatively, however, both approaches identify essentially the same subspaces. The prime benefits of the many‐objective optimization approach are its potential in bringing additional scenario relevant concerns such as consistency or diversity into the scenario discovery framework, as well as its ability to avoid overfitting. Potentially more important, it also paves the way for future work on using more sophisticated metaheuristic optimization approaches for scenario discovery.
Assessing time series models for forecasting international migration: Lessons from the United Kingdom
Authors: Bijak Jakub , Disney George , Findlay Allan M. , Forster Jonathan J. , Smith Peter W.F. , Wiśniowski Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMigration is one of the most unpredictable demographic processes. The aim of this article is to provide a blueprint for assessing various possible forecasting approaches in order to help safeguard producers and users of official migration statistics against misguided forecasts. To achieve that, we first evaluate the various existing approaches to modelling and forecasting of international migration flows. Subsequently, we present an empirical comparison of ex post performance of various forecasting methods, applied to international migration to and from the United Kingdom. The overarching goal is to assess the uncertainty of forecasts produced by using different forecasting methods, both in terms of their errors (biases) and calibration of uncertainty. The empirical assessment, comparing the results of various forecasting models against past migration estimates, confirms the intuition about weak predictability of migration, but also highlights varying levels of forecast errors for different migration streams. There is no single forecasting approach that would be well suited for different flows. We therefore recommend adopting a tailored approach to forecasts, and applying a risk management framework to their results, taking into account the levels of uncertainty of the individual flows, as well as the differences in their potential societal impact.
Oil financialization and volatility forecast: Evidence from multidimensional predictors
Authors: Ma Yan‐ran , Ji Qiang , Pan Jiaofeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing the generalized dynamic factor model, this study constructs three predictors of crude oil price volatility: a fundamental (physical) predictor, a financial predictor, and a macroeconomic uncertainty predictor. Moreover, an event‐triggered predictor is constructed using data extracted from Google Trends. We construct GARCH‐MIDAS (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity–mixed‐data sampling) models combining realized volatility with the predictors to predict oil price volatility at different forecasting horizons. We then identify the predictive power of the realized volatility and the predictors by the model confidence set (MCS) test. The findings show that, among the four indexes, the financial predictor has the most predictive power for crude oil volatility, which provides strong evidence that financialization has been the key determinant of crude oil price behavior since the 2008 global financial crisis. In addition, the fundamental predictor, followed by the financial predictor, effectively forecasts crude oil price volatility in the long‐run forecasting horizons. Our findings indicate that the different predictors can provide distinct predictive information at the different horizons given the specific market situation. These findings have useful implications for market traders in terms of managing crude oil price risk.
Can the unemployed be trained to care for the elderly? The effects of subsidized training in elderly care
Authors: Dauth Christine , Lang Julia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDemographic change has increased the need for elderly care. Training unemployed workers might be one way to increase the supply of elderly care nurses. This study analyzes the effectiveness of subsidized training for unemployed individuals in the elderly care professions in Germany over 11.5 years. We find that short further training and long retraining courses significantly increase workers' long‐term employment. As approximately 25% to 50% of trained nurses have permanent jobs in the care sector, we estimate that approximately 5% of all employed nurses are formerly trained unemployed workers.
The role of organ‐ and function‐preserving radiotherapy in the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Akbaba Sati , Lang Kristin , Bulut Olcay Cem , Held Thomas , Rieken Stefan , Plinkert Peter , Jensen Alexandra , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Juergen , Adeberg Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate clinical outcome and functional larynx preservation after radiotherapy (RT) for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the larynx.MethodsEleven patients with primary ACC of the larynx, who received RT definitely (n = 5/11) or postoperatively (n = 6/11), were analyzed regarding survival and treatment‐related toxicity with the focus on functional larynx preservation.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 45 months. RT offered an excellent 5‐year local control (LC) rate of 100%. Eight of 11 patients were treated with a laryngeal preservation approach (LPA). At last follow‐up, only one of these eight patients developed a local recurrence requiring a total laryngectomy 11 years after treatment. Severe toxicity was uncommon, with only one patient with LPA, requiring a temporary tracheostomy during therapy.ConclusionsRT is an effective treatment method for laryngeal ACC with excellent LC rates, preservation of the laryngeal function and voice formation, representing a valuable therapy alternative to total laryngectomy.
Dysphagia optimized radiotherapy to reduce swallowing dysfunction severity in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer: A systematized scoping review
Authors: Hutchison Alana R. , Cartmill Bena , Wall Laurelie R. , Ward Elizabeth C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study involved a systematized scoping review to coalesce current evidence on dysphagia outcomes achieved through active sparing of the swallowing structures in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Eligible publications between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed and synthesized regarding participant demographics, treatment regimens, swallowing structures chosen for optimization, dosimetric constraints, and dysphagia measures.Nine prospective cohort studies were included. Key structures routinely spared included pharyngeal constrictor muscles (PCMs), glottic larynx (GL), supraglottic larynx (SGL), and esophageal inlet muscle.Shorter enteral feeding times and reductions in Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) grade 3 dysphagia toxicity were observed when dose to the larynx (GL and SGL) and PCMs was constrained to < 50 and < 60 Gy, respectively.Emerging evidence supports “active” sparing of the swallowing structures at the time of radiotherapy planning to reduce dysphagia severity, with no compromise to planning target volumes and locoregional control rates.
Comparison of two serum free light chain assays for the diagnosis of primary plasma cell malignant proliferative disease
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Xiaoyan , Zheng Gaofeng , Cai Zhen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThe serum free light chain assay (sFLC) is well established for aiding in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of plasma cell proliferative disorders. There are currently two commercially available sFLC immunoassays, Freelite, based on polyclonal antibody technology, and N Latex FLC, based on monoclonal antibodies. This study aimed to compare the analytical and clinical performance of these two assays in a Chinese population.MethodsThis study included 74 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) including multiple myeloma (MM), AL amyloidosis, and light chain deposition disease (LCDD) between January 2014 and May 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. Alongside serum and urine electrophoresis analysis, the serum samples were retrospectively tested with both sFLC assays according to the manufacturers' instructions.ResultsThe two sFLC assays showed a moderate correlation for κFLC (Passing‐Bablok slope = 0.645, coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.83, and Spearman coefficient = 0.904). However, for λFLC, a poor correlation was found (Passing‐Bablok slope = 0.690, R2 = 0.39, and Spearman coefficient = 0.852). The concordance rate of κFLC, λFLC, and κ/λ FLC ratio were 83.78%, 75.68%, and 86.49%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity of the κ/λ ratios were 83.8% for the Freelite assay and 75.7% for the N Latex FLC assay.ConclusionAlthough the concordance and the clinical sensitivity of the two assays appeared comparable, a number of discrepancies were observed. There is a low correlation between the two assays in clinical practice, suggesting that the assays are not equivalent and, thus, current IMWG guidelines, based on Freelite, cannot be cross‐applied to N Latex FLC.
A geomorphology‐based integrated stream–aquifer interaction model for semi‐gauged catchments
Authors: Sahoo Soumyaranjan , Sahoo Bhabagrahi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany of the existing stream–aquifer interaction models available in the literature are very complex with limited applicability in semi‐gauged and ungauged catchments. In this study, to estimate the influent and effluent subsurface water fluxes under limited geo‐hydrometeorological data availability conditions, a simple stream–aquifer interaction model, namely, the variable parameter McCarthy–Muskingum (VPMM) hillslope‐storage Boussinesq (hsB) model, has been developed. This novel model couples the VPMM streamflow transport with the hsB groundwater flow transport modules in online mode. In this integrated model, the surface water–groundwater flux exchange process is modelled by the Darcian approach with the variable hydraulic heads between the river stage and groundwater table accounting for the rainfall forcing. Considering the exchange fluxes in the hyporheic zone and lateral overland flow contribution, this approach is field tested in a typical 48‐km stretch of the Brahmani River in eastern India to simulate the streamflow and its depth with the minimum Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 94% and 88%; the maximum root mean square error of 134 m3/s and 0.35 m; and the minimum index of agreement of 98% and 97%, respectively. This modelling approach could be very well utilized in data‐scarce world‐river basins to estimate the stream–aquifer exchange flux due to rainfall forcings.
Identification of groundwater exfiltration, interflow discharge, and hyporheic exchange flows by fibre optic distributed temperature sensing supported by electromagnetic induction geophysics
Authors: Gaona Jaime , Meinikmann Karin , Lewandowski Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWater exchange across the sediment–water interface of streams impresses a characteristic thermal pattern at the interface. The use of fibre optic distributed temperature sensing at the sediment–water interface in a small sand‐bed stream identifies such temperature patterns. Groundwater and interflow can be differentiated based on the temporal evolution of temperature patterns. Additionally, sudden temperature changes at the sediment–water interface observed during the transit of floods enable spatial identification of local up and downwelling. Electromagnetic induction geophysics can detect subsurface texture structures that support groundwater–surface water exchange. Our results show that areas of permanent temperature anomalies observed with fibre optic distributed temperature sensing match areas of comparatively homogeneous electrical conductivity. This indicates groundwater discharge and enables differentiating groundwater discharge from interflow and local downwelling.
Assessment of potential mercury toxicity to native invertebrates in a high-gradient stream
Authors: Flanders JR , Long Gary , Reese Bill , Grosso Nancy R , Clements William , Stahl Ralph G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This study evaluated potential effects of mercury (Hg) on benthic macroinvertebrates in the South River, Virginia, USA. The study used a multiple lines of evidence approach, including spatially and temporally matched sediment chemistry, biological, and toxicological information (Sediment Quality Triad), exposure and effect analysis in bulk and interstitial sediment and interstitial water, and critical body residue analysis. Ten-day Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca toxicity tests established site-specific no-effect concentrations (NOEC) at 18.9 μg/g total Hg (THg) and 102 ng/g methylmercury (MeHg). However, the benthic community at these locations was impaired, with lower mayfly and caddisfly composition. Few locations had concentrations of THg and MeHg that exceeded the NOEC in bulk or interstitial sediment. The THg concentrations in interstitial water were far below concentrations expected to reduce survival in benthic invertebrates, and only a low percentage of samples exceeded sublethal (growth) low-effect concentrations (LOEC) for THg or MeHg. The THg concentrations in invertebrate tissue did not exceed the NOEC or LOEC in the South River, and MeHg concentrations exceeded the LOEC at all locations, including those with no evidence of benthic impairment, illustrating the uncertainty associated with this line of evidence. Finally, statistical modeling that evaluated diversity of sensitive invertebrate species as a function of Hg exposure, geomorphological parameters, and physicochemical variables indicated that physicochemical and geomorphological parameters were most predictive of benthic community; where Hg was indicated, we were unable to distinguish between models with or without interstitial water Hg. Overall, the lines of evidence indicate that Hg, while clearly toxic to invertebrates at sufficiently high exposure concentrations, is not negatively impacting invertebrate communities in the South River. This study illustrates the difficulty of assessing risks to invertebrates using traditional tools of risk assessment and identifies critical gaps in knowledge that complicate the management of Hg risk. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000–000. © 2019 SETAC
Influence of in utero exposure to maternal depression and natural disaster‐related stress on infant temperament at 6 months: The children of Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Nomura Yoko , Davey Kei , Pehme Patricia M. , Finik Jackie , Glover Vivette , Zhang Wei , Huang Yonglin , Buthmann Jessica , Dana Kathryn , Yoshida Sachiko , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Li Xiao Bo , Ham Jacob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examined the effects of in utero exposure to maternal depression and Superstorm Sandy, a hurricane that hit metropolitan New York in 2012, on infant temperament at 6 months. Temperament was assessed using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised. Maternal depression was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The main effects and the interaction of maternal depression and Sandy exposure on infant temperament were examined using a multivariable generalized linear model. Results show that prenatal maternal depression was associated with lower emotion regulation and greater distress. Stratification and interaction analyses suggested that the adverse effects of prenatal maternal depression on problematic temperament were amplified by in utero Sandy exposure. This study underscores the importance of providing prenatal screening and treatment for maternal depression during pregnancy while also identifying high‐risk families who may have suffered from disaster‐related traumas to provide necessary services. As the frequency of natural disasters may increase due to climate change, it is important to understand the consequences of in utero stress on child development and to formulate plans for early identification.