bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding parents’ emotional experiences for neonatal education: A narrative, interpretive approach
Authors: Petty Julia , Jarvis Joy , Thomas Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the emotional experiences of parents who have had premature babies to inform and educate neonatal nurses and health professionals in this field.BackgroundParents find the neonatal unit a daunting and unfamiliar place leading to anxiety, uncertainty and fear about the future of their baby. Parents have significant emotional needs in relation to assisting them to cope with their neonatal experience. In line with a family‐centred approach to neonatal education, it is essential to teach health professionals about the emotional impact of neonatal care based on an appreciation of the parent experience.DesignA narrative‐based, interpretive approach was undertaken in line with constructivist learning theory.MethodsTwenty narrative interviews took place, with a total of 23 parents of premature babies. Following core story creation to create coherent stories from the raw transcripts, thematic analysis of the narrative constructs using the principles of Braun and Clarke's, International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well‐Being, 2014, 9, 1, framework was undertaken. The study methods were compliant with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).FindingsThematic analysis revealed key themes relating to the following: parents’ emotions through the whole neonatal experience, feelings towards the baby, the environment, the staff and the transitions through the different phases of neonatal care. Both negative and positive experiences were reported.ConclusionUnderstanding the emotional experience from the parent's perspective, following birth of their premature baby, informs empathic, family‐centred teaching and learning within the neonatal education arena.Relevance to clinical practiceStudents and health professionals alike can learn what is important in the delivery of care that addresses the emotional needs of parents and families. Educators can use narratives and key messages from parents, both negative and positive, to teach family‐centred principles to nurses and health professionals as a core component of a narrative curricula and potentially to enhance empathy.
Yes‐associated protein promotes cell migration via activating Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Lei , Shi Chaoji , Li Jiayi , Xu Shengming , Han Yong , Li Jiang , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundYes‐associated protein (YAP) is a candidate oncogene in various cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study demonstrated that TNF‐alpha could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion by YAP phosphorylation in OSCC. However, the role of YAP in OSCC is not yet clear. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the function of YAP in promoting migration in OSCC and to explore the possible mechanism with a novel YAP inhibitor CA3.MethodsA total of 68 OSCC patients were enrolled, and the expression levels of YAP were investigated in tissue specimens by immunohistochemical staining. The inhibitory effects of CA3, a novel inhibitor of YAP, were demonstrated by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and transwell assays. A human PCR motility array was performed to screen the changes in the gene expression profiles of the cells. In addition, shRNA interference, YAP re‐expression, and WAVE1 overexpression plasmids were used to detect the regulatory mechanism of YAP and its relationship with cell migration.ResultsYes‐associated protein nuclear expression levels were associated with metastasis and 5‐year overall survival rate. CA3 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on OSCC migration. YAP knockdown significantly suppressed tumor cell migration in OSCC. These effects were rescued when YAP was re‐expressed and during WAVE1 overexpression in YAP‐shRNA stable cells.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that YAP was associated with cell migration and that this process was regulated by YAP/WAVE1. We also demonstrated that CA3 exhibited marked inhibitory effects on YAP expression and that it could be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.
Nations and nationalism: the first twenty‐five years
Authors: Hutchinson John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reflects on salient aspects of the development of Nations and Nationalism over its first twenty‐five years to become the leading journal in its field. It outlines the context of its founding, its interdisciplinary character and the objectives to establish the subject of nationalism as a separate field of study. It discusses the strategies to advance the journal as a forum for scholarly exchange and how the journal has evolved. It outlines the rapid growth in the number of papers submitted to the journal and assesses the relation of the journal to the field today.
Art of the Power Deal: The Four Negotiation Roles of Donald J. Trump
Authors: Kogan Eugene B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, I mine President Donald Trump’s considerable writing and speaking record to synthesize the key elements of his deal‐making approach to help make better sense of his rhetoric and actions on the world’s diplomatic stage. My argument is that Trump’s coercive negotiation style is best understood through the prism of his four public roles: observer, performer, controller, and disrupter. In this article, I analyze how these roles translate into his negotiating behavior. Spotting and exploiting vulnerability is his trade; leverage and bravado are his tools. After assessing the opposing side, Trump uses leverage to threaten his counterparts’ weaknesses, while using bravado to play up the advantages of reaching an agreement on his terms. This way, he presents a drastic structured choice to his opponents, leaving them the least maneuvering space. In the final section of the paper, I illustrate how the four‐role framework helps explain Trump’s decisions in the nuclear negotiations with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. I also consider opportunities for further research.
Efficacy and safety of pneumatic dilation in achalasia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van Hoeij Froukje B. , Prins Leah I. , Smout André J. P. M. , Bredenoord Arjan J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsOne of the most used treatments for achalasia is pneumatic dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter to improve esophageal emptying. Multiple treatment protocols have been described with a varying balloon size, number of dilations, inflation pressure, and duration. We aimed to identify the most efficient and safe treatment protocol.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies on pneumatic dilation in patients with primary achalasia. Clinical remission was defined as an Eckardt score ≤3 or adequate symptom reduction measured with a similar validated questionnaire. We compared the clinical remission rates and occurrence of complications between different treatment protocols.ResultsWe included 10 studies with 643 patients. After 6 months, dilation with a 30‐mm or 35‐mm balloon gave comparable mean success rates (81% and 79%, respectively), whereas a series of dilations up to 40 mm had a higher success rate of 90%. Elective additional dilation in patients with insufficient symptom resolution was somewhat more effective than performing a predefined series of dilations: 86% versus 75% after 12 months. Perforations occurred most often during initial dilations, and significantly more often using a 35‐mm balloon than a 30‐mm balloon (3.2 vs 1.0%); P = 0.027. A subsequent 35‐mm dilation was safer than an initial dilation with 35 mm (0.97% vs 9.3% perforations), P = 0.0017.ConclusionsThe most efficient and safe method of dilating achalasia patients is a graded approach starting with a 30‐mm dilation, followed by an elective 35‐mm dilation and 40 mm when there is insufficient symptom relief.
Unit policies and breast milk feeding at discharge of very preterm infants: The EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study
Authors: Mitha Ayoub , Piedvache Aurélie , Glorieux Isabelle , Zeitlin Jennifer , Roué Jean‐Michel , Blondel Béatrice , Durox Mélanie , Burguet Antoine , Kaminski Monique , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Pierrat Véronique ,   the EPIPAGE‐2 Neurodevelopmental Care Writing Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFacilitating factors and barriers to breast milk feeding (BMF) very preterm (VP) infants have been widely studied at the individual level. We aimed to describe and analyse factors associated with BMF at discharge for VP infants, with a special focus on unit policies aiming to support BMF.MethodsWe described BMF at discharge in 3108 VP infants enrolled in EPIPAGE‐2, a French national cohort. Variables of interest were kangaroo care during the 1st week of life (KC); unit's policies supporting BMF initiation (BMF information systematically given to mothers hospitalised for threatened preterm delivery and breast milk expression proposed within 6 hours after birth) and BMF maintenance (availability of protocols for BMF and a special room for mothers to pump milk); the presence in units of a professional trained in human lactation and regional BMF initiation rates in the general population. Associations were investigated by multilevel logistic regression analysis, with adjustment on individual factors.ResultsIn total, 47.2% of VP infants received BMF at discharge (range among units 21.1%‐84.0%). Unit policies partly explained this variation, regardless of individual factors. BMF at discharge was associated with KC (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40, 3.65)), with policies supporting BMF initiation (aOR 2.19 (95% CI 1.27, 3.77)) and maintenance (aOR 2.03 (95% CI 1.17, 3.55)), but not with BMF initiation rates in the general population.ConclusionAdopting policies of higher performing units could be an effective strategy for increasing BMF rates at discharge among VP infants.
Age‐related differences in kinematics and kinetics of sprinting in young female
Authors: Nagahara Ryu , Haramura Miki , Takai Yohei , Oliver Jon L. , Wichitaksorn Nuttanan , Sommerfield Lesley M. , Cronin John B. 
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to investigate the age‐related differences in sprinting performance, kinematic and kinetic variables in girls aged between 7.0 and 15.3 years. Step‐to‐step spatiotemporal variables and ground reaction impulses during sprinting were collected in 94 Japanese girls across a 50 m inground force plate system. From the results, a difference in rate of development in sprinting performance in girls over 12.7 years compared with younger girls (YG) was observed. The older girls (OG) became slightly slower each year (−0.09 m/s/y) compared to the YG (0.24 m/s/y) who increased their running speed. Moreover, height increased by 6.3 cm/y in YG and only 3.6 cm/y in OG, while step length during the maximal speed phase increased by 0.08 m/y in YG and plateaued in OG (0.01 m/y). Propulsive impulse during the initial acceleration phase was the kinetic variable to differ in rate of development between the age groups with an increase of 0.024 Ns/y in the YG compared to −0.010 Ns/y in OG. The development of sprinting ability in Japanese girls was more rapid before age 12.7 years. The difference in rate of development in sprinting ability can be primarily attributed to greater growth rates in YG, contributing to increases in the propulsive impulse during the initial acceleration phase and step length during the maximal speed phase. The limited gains in step length and the propulsive impulse in OG may reflect their reduced growth rate in height and the fact that increases in fat mass with maturation impaired relative force production.
Recombinant erythropoietin as alternative to red cell transfusion in sickle cell disease
Authors: Ferreira Francisco A. , Benites Bruno D. , Costa Fernando F. , Gilli Simone , Olalla‐Saad Sara T. 
Published: January 2019

Disturbances in the physiological regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may contribute to worsening anaemia and increased transfusion requirements, but the use of recombinant EPO in this group of patients is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of this drug in adult patients with SCD and its effects on haemoglobin levels and transfusion requirements. We conducted a retrospective analysis at the University of Campinas, with nineteen adults with a diagnosis of SCD (HbSS and HbS/β+ thalassaemia), who had received at least 1 year of EPO therapy between 2007 and 2014. Haemoglobin concentrations and trends of variation in transfused RBC volumes were compared before and after EPO administration. We observed that seven patients had a good response to treatment (Hb increment higher than 1·5 g/dl) and nine had a partial response (0·5–1·5 g/dl increment) and there was a significant decrease in the need for transfusion amongst those who usually required regular transfusions. There were no increases in the rates of vaso‐occlusive crisis or venous thromboembolism in comparison to the year before the onset of the therapy. Erythropoietin therapy led to a marked increase in haemoglobin concentration with a concomitant decrease in the demand for transfusion. Considering all complications related to allogeneic transfusion, we believe that EPO therapy represents an important therapeutic tool in sickle cell anaemia.
Acute Physiological Effects of Small-Sided Games Applied on the Hearing-Impaired National Team Soccer
Authors: Gür Ercan , Püren Ilker 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between physiological responses to the small-sided games often applied during soccer trainings by changing the dimensions of the fields, the number of players, duration and the rules of the games. 16 sports people, who play soccer in Turkey Hearing- Impaired National soccer Team, having 31, 38±6,02 of age, 177,13±4,38 cms of height, 74,22±4,44 kgs of bodily weight, volunteered for this research. The subjects were made to play free games with the intervals of 2 days, in different periods of 4x4, in the fields of 36mx24m, in 24 minutes in total in the forms of 1x24, 2x12, 4x6 and 6x4. After each game, a rest period of two days, and between the sets, a rest period of 4 minutes was given. Through anthropometric measurements of the subjects, their lactic acid levels in blood and the number of heart beats after small-sided games were determined. Also the difficulty levels perceived were determined with BORG scale. The data were transferred to IBM SPSS statistics 22 program and the analyses were completed. Friedman test was used to have a look whether there was a difference between descriptive statistics and dependent groups for continuous variables.At the end of the small-sided games applied in different periods and repetitions, a statistical meaningfulness was determined in the comparison of the speed of the heartbeat of the subjects that participated in the study(P<0.001). While a meaningfulness was determined in the comparison of the lactic acid amounts that appeared in the subjects (P<0.01); there was no statistical meaningfulness in the comparison of the perceived difficulty level of the small-sided games played.
Vascular responses to hypoxia are not impaired in obstructive sleep apnoea patients free of overt cardiovascular disease
Authors: Beaudin Andrew E. , Hanly Patrick J. , Raneri Jill K. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Anderson Todd J. , Poulin Marc J. 
Published: January 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with nocturnal oxygen or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improve hypoxic vascular responses, which are reportedly impaired in OSA?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular hypoxic responses were not impaired in OSA patients free of overt cardiovascular disease and known risk factors, and were not altered by nocturnal oxygen or CPAP treatment. We conclude that this OSA patient phenotype has normal vascular responses to hypoxia and is unlikely to obtain long term cardiovascular benefits from nocturnal oxygen or CPAP therapy.

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia are reportedly impaired in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and corrected by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), beneficial effects that are ascribed to correction of OSA‐related intermittent hypoxia (IH). However, CPAP corrects both IH and ancillary OSA features (i.e. intermittent hypercapnia, sympathetic activation, blood pressure surges, negative intrathoracic pressure swings and sleep fragmentation). Whether correction of these ancillary OSA features contribute to CPAP's beneficial effects on vascular hypoxic responses is unknown. Nocturnal oxygen corrects OSA‐induced IH, but apnoeas and ancillary features persist. Thus, we examined the effects of nocturnal oxygen and CPAP on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular hypoxic responses in untreated OSA patients. Responses were assessed in 52 OSA patients free of overt cardiovascular disease and known risk factors at baseline, after 2 weeks of nocturnal oxygen (n = 26) or no treatment (n = 26), and after ∼4 weeks of CPAP treatment (n = 40). Twenty‐two age‐matched controls were assessed at baseline and follow‐up visits. Resting, isocapnic euoxia mean blood pressure was decreased following nocturnal oxygen (−3.6 ± 6.0 mmHg; P = 0.006) and CPAP (−4.5 ± 7.5 mmHg; P < 0.001) while cerebrovascular conductance was increased with CPAP (P = 0.001). However, these changes were not different from controls. Unexpectedly, OSA patients and controls had similar hypoxic vascular responses at baseline that were not changed by either nocturnal oxygen or CPAP. We conclude that OSA patients free of overt cardiovascular disease and known risk factors did not have impaired cerebrovascular or cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and are unlikely to obtain long term cardiovascular benefits from nocturnal oxygen or CPAP therapy.
Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury: Focus on Renal Recovery Definitions, Kidney Disease Progression and Survival
Authors: Long Thorir E. , Helgadottir Solveig , Helgason Dadi , Sigurdsson Gisli H. , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Palsson Runolfur , Indridason Olafur S. , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: January 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to examine different definitions of renal recovery following postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and how these definitions associate with survival and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent abdominal, cardiothoracic, vascular, or orthopedic surgery at a single university hospital between 1998 and 2015. Recovery of renal function following postoperative AKI was assessed comparing 4 different definitions: serum creatinine (SCr) (i) &#x3c; 1.1 × baseline, (ii) 1.1–1.25 × baseline, (iii) 1.25–1.5 × baseline, and (iv) &#x3e; 1.5 × baseline. One-year survival and the development or progression of CKD within 5 years was compared with a propensity score-matched control groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 2,520 AKI patients were evaluated for renal recovery. Risk of incident and progressive CKD within 5 years was significantly increased if patients did not achieve a reduction in SCr to &#x3c; 1.5 × baseline (hazard ratio [HR] 1.50; 95% CI 1.29–1.75) and if renal recovery was limited to a fall in SCr to 1.25–1.5 × baseline (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.12–1.57) within 30 days. The definition of renal recovery that best predicted survival was a reduction in SCr to &#x3c; 1.5 × baseline within 30 days. One-year survival of patients whose SCr decreased to &#x3c; 1.5 × baseline within 30 days was significantly better than that of a propensity score-matched control group that did not achieve renal recovery (85 vs. 71%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings should be considered when a consensus definition of renal recovery after AKI is established.
Quinidine-Responsive Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Viskin Sami , Chorin Ehud , Viskin Dana , Hochstadt Aviram , Halkin Amir , Tovia-Brodie Oholi , Lee John K. , Asher Elad , Laish-Farkash Avishag , Amit Guy , Havakuk Ofer , Belhassen Bernard , Rosso Raphael 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) without QT prolongation is well described in patients without structural heart disease (mainly idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and Brugada syndrome) and in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:
Retrospective study of patients with polymorphic VT related to coronary artery disease, but without evidence of acute myocardial ischemia.

Results:
The authors identified 43 patients in whom polymorphic VT developed within days of an otherwise uncomplicated myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization procedure. The polymorphic VT events were invariably triggered by extrasystoles with short (364±36 ms) coupling interval. Arrhythmic storms (4–16 events of polymorphic VT deteriorating to ventricular fibrillation) occurred in 23 (53%) patients. These arrhythmic storms were always refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic therapy, including intravenous amiodarone, but invariably responded to quinidine therapy. In-hospital mortality was 17% for patients with arrhythmic storm. Patients treated with quinidine invariably survived to hospital discharge. During long-term follow-up (of 5.6±6 years; range, 1 month to 18 years), 3 (16%) of patients discharged without quinidine developed recurrent polymorphic VT. There were no recurrent arrhythmias during quinidine therapy

Conclusions:
Arrhythmic storm with recurrent polymorphic VT in patients with coronary disease responds to quinidine therapy when other antiarrhythmic drugs (including intravenous amiodarone) fail.