bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical analysis for homoclinic bifurcation in a DC–DC converter with a photovoltaic module expressed by a piecewise‐linear characteristic
Authors: Kousaka Takuji , Osada Shoma , Kato Hideyuki , Asahara Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHomoclinic bifurcation is observed in DC–DC converters; this bifurcation may affect the qualitative characteristics of DC–DC converters with photovoltaic modules. However, no papers have reported the appearance of homoclinic bifurcation or have analyzed this phenomenon mathematically. As the first step toward understanding the dynamical mechanism, this article investigates homoclinic bifurcation in DC–DC converters with photovoltaic modules expressed by piecewise‐linear characteristics. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermal processes in a one‐dimensional crystal with regard for the second neighbor interaction
Authors: Loboda O. S. , Krivtsov A. M. , Porubov A. V. , Tsvetkov D. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn influence of the second neighbor interaction on the process of heat propagation in a one‐dimensional crystal is studied. Previously developed model of the ballistic nature of the heat transfer is used. It is shown that the initial thermal perturbation evolves into two consecutive thermal wave fronts propagating with finite and different velocities. The velocity of the first front corresponds to the maximum group velocity of the discrete crystalline model. The velocity of the second front is determined by the second group‐velocity extremum, which arises at a certain ratio between the stiffnesses of the first and second neighbor interaction in the lattice.
The Peculiarities of Capitalism: Frederick Cooper on Africa and the World Economy
Authors: Traugh Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:This essay explores Frederick Cooper’s work on the history of capitalism, bringing together his histories of class struggles on the East African coast and his conceptual interventions into debates on Africa and the world economy. It argues that Cooper’s notion of the “peculiarities of capitalism” illuminates how conflicts over work, rights, and the labor process have shaped where capital went and what it did in Africa. The essay also considers how Cooper’s work might inform the emerging literature on race and capitalism in Africa, exploring in particular the history of tobacco capitalism in postcolonial Malawi.
Tensions of an Oeuvre: Historical Materialism, Cultural History, and the Work of Frederick Cooper
Authors: Ivaska Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:Using theTensions of Empirevolume as a pivot point, this article traces Frederick Cooper’s work in relation to trajectories of historical materialism and cultural history over the past forty years. Highlighting Cooper’s contributions to both approaches, it points to a generative tension between these strands of his scholarship – as well as between his oeuvre and the arc of broader historiography on empire. Specific features of Cooper’s approach were key to the success of theTensions of Empirecollaboration, and attention to them can help recapture aspects of these historiographies that have become obscured over time.
Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department
Authors: Li Jing , Kang-Birken S. Lena , Mathews Samantha K. , Kenner Catelynn E. , Fitzgibbons Lynn N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions in patients with known viral respiratory infections (VRIs) diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 3 emergency departments (EDs) and to identify patient characteristics that influence the prescribing of antibiotics by ED physicians despite PCR confirmation of viral cause.Design:Retrospective, observational analysis of patients with PCR-diagnosed VRI discharged from 3 acute-care hospital EDs within 1 health system.Results:In total, 323 patients were discharged from the ED with a VRI diagnosis, of whom 68 were prescribed antibiotics (21.1%). These patients were older (median, 59.5 vs 43 years; P = .04), experienced symptoms longer (median, 4 vs 2 days; P = .002), were more likely to have received antibiotics in the preceding 7 days (27.9% vs 9.8%; P < .001), and had higher proportions of abnormal chest X-rays (64.5% vs 28.4%; P < .001). Patients were more likely to receive antibiotics for a diagnosis of pneumonia (39.7% vs 1.6%; P < .001) or otitis media (7.4% vs 0.4%; P = .002), and were less likely with diagnosis of upper respiratory infection (2.9% vs 13.7%; P = .02) or influenza (20.6% vs 44.3%; P < .001).Conclusions:Despite a diagnosis of VRI, one-fifth of ED patients were prescribed antibiotics. Patient characteristics including age, duration of symptoms, abnormal chest X-rays, and specific diagnosis may increase provider concern for concurrent bacterial infections. Opportunities exist for antimicrobial stewardship strategies to incorporate rapid diagnostics in promoting judicious antibiotic usage in the ED.
How Early Entrants Impact Cluster Emergence: MNEs vs. Local Firms in the Bangalore Digital Creative Industries
Authors: Lorenzen Mark 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the question of how the emergence of a cluster in a global innovation system is influenced by early entrants. It does so by presenting an explorative study of the emerging digital creative industries cluster in Bangalore. I find that MNE entrants develop production and technological capabilities comparatively fast within a narrow range of value chain activities with limited spillovers to the cluster. In comparison, local entrants develop such capabilities more slowly, but within a broader range of value chain activities and with higher spillovers of skills and knowledge, as well as higher participation to building a local entrepreneurial ecosystem. I propose that these effects are moderated by the size of national consumer markets as well as industry context in the guise of project lengths and technological modularity. I also point to the role of global connectivity, proposing that local entrants, in particular, leverage international personal relationships for development of not only relational, but also production capabilities.
Coprime subdegrees of twisted wreath permutation groups
Authors: Chua Alexander Y. , Giudici Michael , Morgan Luke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDolfi, Guralnick, Praeger and Spiga asked whether there exist infinitely many primitive groups of twisted wreath type with non-trivial coprime subdegrees. Here, we settle this question in the affirmative. We construct infinite families of primitive twisted wreath permutation groups with non-trivial coprime subdegrees. In particular, we define a primitive twisted wreath groupG(m,q) constructed from the non-abelian simple group PSL(2,q) and a primitive permutation group of diagonal type with socle PSL(2,q)m, and determine many subdegrees for this group. A consequence is that we determine all values ofmandqfor whichG(m,q) has non-trivial coprime subdegrees. In the case wherem= 2 and$q\notin \{7,11,29\}$, we obtain a full classification of all pairs of non-trivial coprime subdegrees.
Improved propagation methods for GAC (Momordica CochinchinensisSpreng.)
Authors: Tran Xuan T. , Parks Sophie E. , Roach Paul D. , Nguyen Minh H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGac is a dioecious tropical and perennial climber. The fruit is a rich source of carotenoids and is used in traditional cuisine and medicine. Improving propagation methods using simple techniques would increase production and improve conservation in regional areas. This study evaluated temperature requirements for seed germination, the use of rooting hormones to strike female cuttings and the grafting of female scions onto seedling rootstock. Seed germination was optimised between 25 and 35 °C, with a maximum germination percentage of 91% at 30 °C. However, increasing storage time from 6 to 18 months under laboratory conditions (21 ± 1°C and 60% relative humidity) reduced germination and this was associated with seed weight loss, highlighting the need to develop storage guidelines, particularly for the higher temperature and humidity conditions where Gac is grown. Survival of softwood cuttings was improved from 53 to 77% with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (3–5 g/L) and semi-hardwood cuttings did not require IBA treatment. Both splice and wedge grafting techniques achieved a survival rate > 53% and with the youngest rootstock (4 and 8 weeks) this increased to > 85%. Further work could investigate the production potential of crops using cuttings and grafted plants.
A comparison principle for convolution measures with applications
Authors: OLIVEIRA E SILVA DIOGO , QUILODRÁN RENÉ 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe establish the general form of a geometric comparison principle for n-fold convolutions of certain singular measures in ℝd which holds for arbitrary n and d. This translates into a pointwise inequality between the convolutions of projection measure on the paraboloid and a perturbation thereof, and we use it to establish a new sharp Fourier extension inequality on a general convex perturbation of a parabola. Further applications of the comparison principle to sharp Fourier restriction theory are discussed in the companion paper [3].
Latent profile analysis of dietary intake in a community-dwelling sample of older Americans
Authors: Bishop Nicholas J , Zuniga Krystle E , Ramirez Christina M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To estimate latent dietary profiles in a community-dwelling sample of older Americans and identify associations between dietary profile membership and individual demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.Design:Secondary analysis of the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and linked 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). Latent profile analysis identified mutually exclusive subgroups of dietary intake and bivariate analyses examined associations between dietary profile membership, participant characteristics and nutrient intakes.Setting:USA.Participants:An analytic sample of 3558 adults aged 65 years or older.Results:Four dietary profiles were identified with 15·5 % of the sample having a ‘Healthy’ diet, 42·0 % consuming a ‘Western’ diet, 29·7 % having a diet consisting of high intake of all food groups and 12·7 % reporting relatively low intake of all food groups. Members of the ‘Healthy’ profile reported the greatest socio-economic resources and health, and members of the ‘Low Intake’ profile had the fewest resources and worst health outcomes. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes varied across profile although inadequate and excessive intakes of selected nutrients were observed for all profiles.Conclusions:We identified dietary patterns among older Americans typified by either selective intake of foods or overall quantity of foods consumed, with those described as ‘Low Intake’ reporting the fewest socio-economic resources, greatest risk of food insecurity and the worst health outcomes. Limitations including the presence of measurement error in dietary questionnaires are discussed. The causes and consequences of limited dietary intake among older Americans require further study and can be facilitated by the HRS and HCNS.
Differences between ketamine’s short-term and long-term effects on brain circuitry in depression
Authors: Gass Natalia , Becker Robert , Reinwald Jonathan , Cosa-Linan Alejandro , Sack Markus , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang , Vollmayr Barbara , Sartorius Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKetamine acts as a rapid clinical antidepressant at 25 min after injection with effects sustained for 7 days. As dissociative effects emerging acutely after injection are not entirely discernible from therapeutic action, we aimed to dissect the differences between short-term and long-term response to ketamine to elucidate potential imaging biomarkers of ketamine’s antidepressant effect. We used a genetical model of depression, in which we bred depressed negative cognitive state (NC) and non-depressed positive cognitive state (PC) rat strains. Four parallel rat groups underwent stress-escape testing and a week later received either S-ketamine (12 NC, 13 PC) or saline (12 NC, 12 PC). We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging time series before injection and at 30 min and 48 h after injection. Graph analysis was used to calculate brain network properties. We identified ketamine’s distinct action over time in a qualitative manner. The rapid response entailed robust and strain-independent topological modifications in cognitive, sensory, emotion, and reward-related circuitry, including regions that exhibited correlation of connectivity metrics with depressive behavior, and which could explain ketamine’s dissociative and antidepressant properties. At 48 h ketamine had mainly strain-specific action normalizing habenula, midline thalamus, and hippocampal connectivity measures in depressed rats. As these nodes mediate cognitive flexibility impaired in depression, action within this circuitry presumably reflects ketamine’s procognitive effects induced only in depressed patients. This finding is especially valid, as our model represents cognitive aspects of depression. These empirically defined circuits explain ketamine’s distinct action over time and might serve as translational imaging correlates of antidepressant response in preclinical testing.
A protein complex required for polar growth of rhizobial infection threads
Authors: Liu Cheng-Wu , Breakspear Andrew , Stacey Nicola , Findlay Kim , Nakashima Jin , Ramakrishnan Karunakaran , Liu Miaoxia , Xie Fang , Endre Gabriella , de Carvalho-Niebel Fernanda , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Udvardi Michael K. , Fournier Joëlle , Murray Jeremy D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring root nodule symbiosis, intracellular accommodation of rhizobia by legumes is a prerequisite for nitrogen fixation. For many legumes, rhizobial colonization initiates in root hairs through transcellular infection threads. In Medicago truncatula, VAPYRIN (VPY) and a putative E3 ligase LUMPY INFECTIONS (LIN) are required for infection thread development but their cellular and molecular roles are obscure. Here we show that LIN and its homolog LIN-LIKE interact with VPY and VPY-LIKE in a subcellular complex localized to puncta both at the tip of the growing infection thread and at the nuclear periphery in root hairs and that the punctate accumulation of VPY is positively regulated by LIN. We also show that an otherwise nuclear and cytoplasmic exocyst subunit, EXO70H4, systematically co-localizes with VPY and LIN during rhizobial infection. Genetic analysis shows that defective rhizobial infection in exo70h4 is similar to that in vpy and lin. Our results indicate that VPY, LIN and EXO70H4 are part of the symbiosis-specific machinery required for polar growth of infection threads.
Isolated single atom cobalt in Bi3O4Br atomic layers to trigger efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Di Jun , Chen Chao , Yang Shi-Ze , Chen Shuangming , Duan Meilin , Xiong Jun , Zhu Chao , Long Ran , Hao Wei , Chi Zhen , Chen Hailong , Weng Yu-Xiang , Xia Jiexiang , Song Li , Li Shuzhou , Li Huaming , Liu Zheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe design of efficient and stable photocatalysts for robust CO2 reduction without sacrifice reagent or extra photosensitizer is still challenging. Herein, a single-atom catalyst of isolated single atom cobalt incorporated into Bi3O4Br atomic layers is successfully prepared. The cobalt single atoms in the Bi3O4Br favors the charge transition, carrier separation, CO2 adsorption and activation. It can lower the CO2 activation energy barrier through stabilizing the COOH* intermediates and tune the rate-limiting step from the formation of adsorbed intermediate COOH* to be CO* desorption. Taking advantage of cobalt single atoms and two-dimensional ultrathin Bi3O4Br atomic layers, the optimized catalyst can perform light-driven CO2 reduction with a selective CO formation rate of 107.1 µmol g−1 h−1, roughly 4 and 32 times higher than that of atomic layer Bi3O4Br and bulk Bi3O4Br, respectively.
Improving the diagnostic yield of exome- sequencing by predicting gene–phenotype associations using large-scale gene expression analysis
Authors: Deelen Patrick , van Dam Sipko , Herkert Johanna C. , Karjalainen Juha M. , Brugge Harm , Abbott Kristin M. , van Diemen Cleo C. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , Gerkes Erica H. , Zonneveld-Huijssoon Evelien , Boer-Bergsma Jelkje J. , Folkertsma Pytrik , Gillett Tessa , van der Velde K. Joeri , Kanninga Roan , van den Akker Peter C. , Jan Sabrina Z. , Hoorntje Edgar T. , te Rijdt Wouter P. , Vos Yvonne J. , Jongbloed Jan D. H. , van Ravenswaaij-Arts Conny M. A. , Sinke Richard , Sikkema-Raddatz Birgit , Kerstjens-Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Swertz Morris A. , Franke Lude 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe diagnostic yield of exome and genome sequencing remains low (8–70%), due to incomplete knowledge on the genes that cause disease. To improve this, we use RNA-seq data from 31,499 samples to predict which genes cause specific disease phenotypes, and develop GeneNetwork Assisted Diagnostic Optimization (GADO). We show that this unbiased method, which does not rely upon specific knowledge on individual genes, is effective in both identifying previously unknown disease gene associations, and flagging genes that have previously been incorrectly implicated in disease. GADO can be run on www.genenetwork.nl by supplying HPO-terms and a list of genes that contain candidate variants. Finally, applying GADO to a cohort of 61 patients for whom exome-sequencing analysis had not resulted in a genetic diagnosis, yields likely causative genes for ten cases.
Mutant H3 histones drive human pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cell expansion and promote leukemic aggressiveness
Authors: Boileau Meaghan , Shirinian Margret , Gayden Tenzin , Harutyunyan Ashot S. , Chen Carol C. L. , Mikael Leonie G. , Duncan Heather M. , Neumann Andrea L. , Arreba-Tutusaus Patricia , De Jay Nicolas , Zeinieh Michele , Rossokhata Katya , Zhang Yelu , Nikbakht Hamid , Mouawad Carine , Massoud Radwan , Frey Felice , Nasr Rihab , El Cheikh Jean , El Sabban Marwan , Kleinman Claudia L. , Mahfouz Rami , Minden Mark D. , Jabado Nada , Bazarbachi Ali , Eppert Kolja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur ability to manage acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited by our incomplete understanding of the epigenetic disruption central to leukemogenesis, including improper histone methylation. Here we examine 16 histone H3 genes in 434 primary AML samples and identify Q69H, A26P, R2Q, R8H and K27M/I mutations (1.6%), with higher incidence in secondary AML (9%). These mutations occur in pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and exist in the major leukemic clones in patients. They increase the frequency of functional HSCs, alter differentiation, and amplify leukemic aggressiveness. These effects are dependent on the specific mutation. H3K27 mutation increases the expression of genes involved in erythrocyte and myeloid differentiation with altered H3K27 tri-methylation and K27 acetylation. The functional impact of histone mutations is independent of RUNX1 mutation, although they at times co-occur. This study establishes that H3 mutations are drivers of human pre-cancerous stem cell expansion and important early events in leukemogenesis.
A neuronal correlate of insect stereopsis
Authors: Rosner Ronny , von Hadeln Joss , Tarawneh Ghaith , Read Jenny C. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA puzzle for neuroscience—and robotics—is how insects achieve surprisingly complex behaviours with such tiny brains. One example is depth perception via binocular stereopsis in the praying mantis, a predatory insect. Praying mantids use stereopsis, the computation of distances from disparities between the two retinal images, to trigger a raptorial strike of their forelegs when prey is within reach. The neuronal basis of this ability is entirely unknown. Here we show the first evidence that individual neurons in the praying mantis brain are tuned to specific disparities and eccentricities, and thus locations in 3D-space. Like disparity-tuned cortical cells in vertebrates, the responses of these mantis neurons are consistent with linear summation of binocular inputs followed by an output nonlinearity. Our study not only proves the existence of disparity sensitive neurons in an insect brain, it also reveals feedback connections hitherto undiscovered in any animal species.
Death effector domain-containing protein induces vulnerability to cell cycle inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ni Yingjia , Schmidt Keon R. , Werner Barnes A. , Koenig Jenna K. , Guldner Ian H. , Schnepp Patricia M. , Tan Xuejuan , Jiang Lan , Host Misha , Sun Longhua , Howe Erin N. , Wu Junmin , Littlepage Laurie E. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Zhang Siyuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLacking targetable molecular drivers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most clinically challenging subtype of breast cancer. In this study, we reveal that Death Effector Domain-containing DNA-binding protein (DEDD), which is overexpressed in > 60% of TNBCs, drives a mitogen-independent G1/S cell cycle transition through cytoplasm localization. The gain of cytosolic DEDD enhances cyclin D1 expression by interacting with heat shock 71 kDa protein 8 (HSC70). Concurrently, DEDD interacts with Rb family proteins and promotes their proteasome-mediated degradation. DEDD overexpression renders TNBCs vulnerable to cell cycle inhibition. Patients with TNBC have been excluded from CDK 4/6 inhibitor clinical trials due to the perceived high frequency of Rb-loss in TNBCs. Interestingly, our study demonstrated that, irrespective of Rb status, TNBCs with DEDD overexpression exhibit a DEDD-dependent vulnerability to combinatorial treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study provided a rationale for the clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitor combinatorial regimens for patients with TNBC.
Structural basis of TFIIH activation for nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Kokic Goran , Chernev Aleksandar , Tegunov Dimitry , Dienemann Christian , Urlaub Henning , Cramer Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNucleotide excision repair (NER) is the major DNA repair pathway that removes UV-induced and bulky DNA lesions. There is currently no structure of NER intermediates, which form around the large multisubunit transcription factor IIH (TFIIH). Here we report the cryo-EM structure of an NER intermediate containing TFIIH and the NER factor XPA. Compared to its transcription conformation, the TFIIH structure is rearranged such that its ATPase subunits XPB and XPD bind double- and single-stranded DNA, consistent with their translocase and helicase activities, respectively. XPA releases the inhibitory kinase module of TFIIH, displaces a ‘plug’ element from the DNA-binding pore in XPD, and together with the NER factor XPG stimulates XPD activity. Our results explain how TFIIH is switched from a transcription to a repair factor, and provide the basis for a mechanistic analysis of the NER pathway.