bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of mouse welfare indicators: a Delphi consultation survey
Authors: Campos-Luna Ivone , Miller Amy , Beard Andrew , Leach Matthew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aims to identify the most valid, reliable and practicable indicators of laboratory mouse welfare using the Delphi consultation technique. The effective assessment of laboratory mouse welfare is a fundamental legal and moral requirement as it is critical part of both maintaining and improving the welfare of the most widely used laboratory animal globally. Although many different welfare indicators are routinely used to assess mouse welfare, the validity, reliability and practicability of many of these measures remains unclear. The Delphi consultation technique is designed to gauge expert opinion through multiple rounds of surveys until a consensus is reached. Participants ranked 59 welfare indicators in terms their validity, reliability and practicability for either a half-day unit audit or a daily welfare assessment and for each scenario identified 10 key indicators. The Delphi consultation reached consensus at 72% for the overall list of indicators and over 60% for each individual indicator. From this consensus the key indicators for each mouse welfare scenario (half day audit and daily welfare assessment) were identified and used to create a welfare scoring system for each scenario.
Acute LPS sensitization and continuous infusion exacerbates hypoxic brain injury in a piglet model of neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Martinello Kathryn A. , Meehan Christopher , Avdic-Belltheus Adnan , Lingam Ingran , Ragab Sara , Hristova Mariya , Tann Cally J. , Peebles Donald , Hagberg Henrik , Wolfs Tim G. A. M. , Klein Nigel , Tachtsidis Ilias , Golay Xavier , Kramer Boris W. , Fleiss Bobbi , Gressens Pierre , Robertson Nicola J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCo-existing infection/inflammation and birth asphyxia potentiate the risk of developing neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and adverse outcome. In a newborn piglet model we assessed the effect ofE. colilipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion started 4 h prior to and continued for 48 h after hypoxia on brain cell death and systemic haematological changes compared to LPS and hypoxia alone. LPS sensitized hypoxia resulted in an increase in mortality and in brain cell death (TUNEL positive cells) throughout the whole brain, and in the internal capsule, periventricular white matter and sensorimotor cortex. LPS alone did not increase brain cell death at 48 h, despite evidence of neuroinflammation, including the greatest increases in microglial proliferation, reactive astrocytosis and cleavage of caspase-3. LPS exposure caused splenic hypertrophy and platelet count suppression. The combination of LPS and hypoxia resulted in the highest and most sustained systemic white cell count increase. These findings highlight the significant contribution of acute inflammation sensitization prior to an asphyxial insult on NE illness severity.
Molecular community profiling of the bacterial microbiota associated with denture-related stomatitis
Authors: Morse Daniel J. , Smith Ann , Wilson Melanie J. , Marsh Lucy , White Lewis , Posso Raquel , Bradshaw David J. , Wei Xiaoqing , Lewis Michael A. O. , Williams David W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDenture-associated stomatitis (DS) affects over two-thirds of denture-wearers. DS presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa in areas where denture-surface associated polymicrobial biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans exist. The contribution of the oral bacterial microbiota toward the infection is unknown. Therefore, this study characterised the bacterial microbiota of sites within the oral cavity to identify potential associations with occurrence of DS. Denture-wearing patients were recruited (denture stomatitis (DS) n = 8; non-denture stomatitis (NoDS) n = 11) and the oral bacterial microbiota of the tongue, palate and denture-fitting surface was characterised using next-generation sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to bacterial genera and species, and presence/absence and relative abundances were examined. A significant (P = 0.007) decrease in the number of OTUs and thus, diversity of the microbiota was observed in tongue samples of DS patients (vs non-DS). The microbiota of denture-fitting surfaces and palatal mucosae were similar. Large differences in the abundance of bacterial genera and species were observed at each sample site, and unique presence/absence of bacteria was noted. Presence/absence and relative abundance of specific bacteria associated with DS warrants further in vitro and in vivo evaluation, particularly as our previous work has shown C. albicans virulence factor modulation by oral bacteria.
Differential prognostic impact of platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in NSCLC
Authors: Kilvaer Thomas Karsten , Rakaee Mehrdad , Hellevik Turid , Vik Jørg , Petris Luigi De , Donnem Tom , Strell Carina , Ostman Arne , Busund Lill-Tove Rasmussen , Martinez-Zubiaurre Inigo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreclinical evidence suggests that stromal expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) stimulates tumor development and diminishes intratumoral drug uptake. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the clinical relevance of stromal PDGFR expression remains uncertain. Tumor specimens from 553 patients with primary operable stage I-IIIB NSCLC was obtained and tissue micro-arrays (TMA) were constructed (Norwegian cohort). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of PDGFRα and -β in stromal cells and to explore their impact on patient survival. Results were validated in a non-related cohort consisting of TMAs of 367 stage I (A and B) NSCLC patients (Swedish cohort). High stromal PDGFRα expression was an independent predictor of increased survival in the overall populations and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) subgroups of both investigated cohorts. PDGFRβ was an independent predictor of poor survival in the overall Norwegian cohort and an independent predictor of increased survival in the ADC (adenocarcinoma) subgroup of the Swedish cohort. Tumors displaying the combination PDGFRα-low/PDGFRβ-high exhibited inferior survival according to increasing stage in the Norwegian cohort. This study confirms that high stromal expression of PDGFRα is a predictor of increased survival in NSCLC. Further exploration of the prognostic impact of PDGFRβ and the relationship between PDGFRα and -β is warranted.
Perturbation of ubiquitin homeostasis promotes macrophage oxidative defenses
Authors: Charbonneau Marie-Eve , Passalacqua Karla D. , Hagen Susan E. , Showalter Hollis D. , Wobus Christiane E. , O’Riordan Mary X. D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe innate immune system senses microbial ligands through pattern recognition and triggers downstream signaling cascades to promote inflammation and immune defense mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that cells also recognize alterations in host processes induced by infection as triggers. Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination are post-translational modification processes essential for signaling and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and infections can cause global alterations in the host ubiquitin proteome. Here we used a chemical biology approach to perturb the cellular ubiquitin proteome as a simplified model to study the impact of ubiquitin homeostasis alteration on macrophage function. Perturbation of ubiquitin homeostasis led to a rapid and transient burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promoted macrophage inflammatory and anti-infective capacity. Moreover, we found that ROS production was dependent on the NOX2 phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Global alteration of the ubiquitin proteome also enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in mice stimulated with a sub-lethal dose of LPS. Collectively, our findings suggest that major changes in the host ubiquitin landscape may be a potent signal to rapidly deploy innate immune defenses.
Arsenic biotransformation potential of six marine diatom species: effect of temperature and salinity
Authors: Papry Rimana Islam , Ishii Kento , Mamun M. Abdullah Al , Miah Sohag , Naito Kanako , Mashio Asami S. , Maki Teruya , Hasegawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTemperature and salinity effects on marine diatom species growth has been studied extensively; however, their effect on arsenic (As) biotransformation has been imprecise. This study reports the growth, and As biotransformation and speciation patterns at various temperatures and salinities of six marine diatom species: Asteroplanus karianus, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Nitzschia longissima, Skeletonema sp., Ditylum brightwellii, and Chaetoceros didymus. The growth rate and As biotransformation potentials of these species during three weeks of culture in f/2 based medium were significantly affected by wide temperature (0–35 °C) and salinity (0.3–50‰) ranges. Growth and As biotransformation were higher at optimum temperatures of 10–25 °C, and salinity of 10–35‰, whereas growth and arsenic biotransformation were lower at <5 °C and 5‰ and >25 °C and 35‰, respectively. The results showed that As(V) to As(III) biotransformation differed significantly (p < 0.05) between day 10 and 17. At optimum temperature and salinity levels, the cell size and As biotransformation were higher for all the species. A conceptual model on temperature and salinity effects on growth and As uptake and biotransformation mechanisms by these species has been proposed based on the findings of this study.
One step conjugation of some chemotherapeutic drugs to the biologically produced gold nanoparticles and assessment of their anticancer effects
Authors: Yahyaei Behrooz , Pourali Parastoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent research tried to analyze the conjugation of some chemotherapeutic drugs to the biologically produced gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in one step, without the use of any additional linkers. GNPs was produced using Fusarium oxysporum and their presence was confirmed using spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. In order to carry out the conjugation study, capecitabine, tamoxifen, and paclitaxel were added dropwise to the GNPs solution under stirring condition and spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and FTIR analyses were performed to prove the successful conjugation. Finally, AGS and MCF7 cell lines were used for methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay to determine the toxicity of each drug and its conjugated form. Results showed that the spherical and hexagonal GNPs with maximum absorbance peak around 524 nm and average sizes less than 20 nm were produced. FTIR analysis clarified the presence of proteins on the surfaces of the GNPs. After the conjugation process although the FTIR analysis demonstrated that all the drugs were successfully conjugated to GNPs, MTT assay revealed that unlike the paclitaxel conjugated GNPs, capecitabine and tamoxifen conjugates displayed no toxic effects due to their deactivation and low half-lives. Moreover the average size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the GNPs after conjugation with all the three tested drugs increased. In conclusion different types of drugs could conjugate to the GNPs but it is important to employ high stable forms of the drugs in the conjugation procedure.
Glycaemic Control for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh - An urgent need for optimization of management plan
Authors: Afroz Afsana , Ali Liaquat , Karim Md. Nazmul , Alramadan Mohammed J. , Alam Khurshid , Magliano Dianna J. , Billah Baki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims: The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out during March to September 2017, and 1253 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from six hospitals. Data were collected from patients via face-to-face interview, and their medical records were reviewed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Among the participants, 53.2% were male. Mean (±SD) age was 54.1 (±12.1) years and mean (±SD) duration of diabetes was 9.9 (±7.2) years. About 82% participants had inadequate glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) and 54.7% had very poor control (HbA1c ≥ 9%). Low education level, rural residence, unhealthy eating habits, insulin use, infrequent follow up check-ups and history of coronary artery diseases found associated with inadequate and very poor controls. Being female and smokeless tobacco consumer appeared to be associated with inadequate control however cognitive impairment was associated with very poor control only. Prevalence of inadequate glycaemic level was very high in Bangladesh. Having understood relatable lifestyle modification factors, demographics and co-morbidities among people with type 2 diabetes, health care providers in conjunction with patients should work together to address the glycaemic control.
Emplacement and 3D geometry of crustal-scale saucer-shaped intrusions in the Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Buntin Sebastian , Malehmir Alireza , Koyi Hemin , Högdahl Karin , Malinowski Michal , Larsson Sven Åke , Thybo Hans , Juhlin Christopher , Korja Annakaisa , Górszczyk Andrzej 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSaucer-shaped intrusions of tens of meters to tens of kilometres across have been observed both from surface geological mapping and geophysical observations. However, there is only one location where they have been reported to extend c. 100 km laterally, and emplaced both in a sedimentary basin and the crystalline basement down to 12 km depth. The legacy BABEL offshore seismic data, acquired over the central Fennoscandian Shield in 1989, have been recovered and reprocessed with the main goal of focusing on this series of globally unique crustal-scale saucer-shaped intrusions present onshore and offshore below the Bothnian Sea. The intrusions (c. 1.25 Ga), emplaced in an extensional setting, are observed within both sedimentary rocks (<1.5 Ga) and in the crystalline basement (>1.5 Ga). They have oval shapes with diameters ranging 30–100 km. The reprocessed seismic data provide evidence of up-doming of the lower crust (representing the melt reservoir) below the intrusions that, in turn, are observed at different depths in addition to a steep seismically transparent zone interpreted to be a discordant feeder dyke system. Relative age constraints and correlation with onshore saucer-shaped intrusions of different size suggest that they are internally connected and fed by each other from deeper to shallower levels. We argue for a nested emplacement mechanism and against a controlling role by the overlying sedimentary basin as the saucer-shaped intrusions are emplaced in both the sedimentary rocks as well as in the underlying crystalline basement. The interplay between magma pressure and overburden pressure, as well as the, at the time, ambient stress regime, are responsible for their extensive extent and rather constant thicknesses (c. 100–300 m). Saucer-shaped intrusions may therefore be present elsewhere in the crystalline basement to the same extent as observed in this study some of which are a significant source of raw materials.
Habitat use of urban-nesting lesser black-backed gulls during the breeding season
Authors: Spelt Anouk , Williamson Cara , Shamoun-Baranes Judy , Shepard Emily , Rock Peter , Windsor Shane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasing urbanisation is detrimental for some animal species and potentially advantageous for others. Urban-nesting populations of gulls have undergone rapid population increases worldwide, which has resulted in an increase in human-gull conflicts. In order to inform management and conservation decisions in relation to these populations, more information is needed about the behaviour of these birds in urban settings and how they utilise their environment. This study combined Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data of 12 urban-nesting lesser black-backed gulls,Larus fuscus, with habitat and behaviour data over three breeding seasons (2016–2018). Despite the proximity of marine areas (~10 km), the birds only made significant use of terrestrial environments, spending two-thirds of their time away from the nest in suburban and urban areas, and one-third in rural green areas. The gulls utilised suburban and urban areas more as their chicks grew and appeared to use diverse foraging strategies to suit different habitats. These results indicate that the range of potential foraging areas available needs to be considered in management decisions and that urban bird populations may not use the resources they are expected to.
Long-living carriers in a strong electron–phonon interacting two-dimensional doped semiconductor
Authors: Garcia-Goiricelaya Peio , Lafuente-Bartolome Jon , Gurtubay Idoia G. , Eiguren Asier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarrier doping by the electric field effect has emerged as an ideal route for monitoring many-body physics in two-dimensional materials where the Fermi level is tuned so that the strength of the interactions can also be scanned. The possibility of systematic doping together with high resolution photoemission has allowed to uncover a genuinely many-body electron spectrum in single-layer MoS2 transition metal dichalcogenide, resolving three clear quasi-particle states, where only one should be expected if the electron–phonon interaction vanished. Here, we combine first-principles and consistent complex plane analytic approaches and bring into light the physical origin of the two gaps and the three quasi-particle bands which are unambiguously present in the photoemission spectrum. One of these states, though being strongly interacting with the accompanying virtual phonon cloud, presents a notably long lifetime which is an appealing property when trying to understand and take advantage of many-body interactions to modulate transport properties.
Honeysuckle extract relieves ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis by inhibiting AR-induced inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Lin Bin , Cai Bijuan , Wang Huige 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Honeysuckle has antiviral, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is induced by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory reaction. Our study investigates whether honeysuckle extract (HE) has therapeutic effect on AR. An AR model of mice was established by ovalbumin (OVA). Hematoxylin–Eosin staining was used to assess nasal mucosa damage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine serum histamine, IgE and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from nasal lavage fluid. Western blot was carried out to analyze the protein level from nasal mucosa tissue. We found that HE not only decreased nasal rubbing and sneezing in AR mice, but also reduced AR-induced damage to nasal mucosa. Moreover, HE lowered the levels of serum IgE and histamine and inhibited IL-4 and IL-17 levels from AR mice but raised IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in AR-induced nasal lavage fluid. Our results also showed that HE elevated the protein levels of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and T-box transcription factor (T-bet) in AR-induced nasal mucosa tissue, whereas it inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) protein levels. By regulating AR-induced inflammatory reaction and autoimmune response, HE also relieved OVA-induced AR. Thus, HE could be used as a potential drug to treat AR.
Gesunde Snacks für zwischendurch
Authors: Nebel Gudrun 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIm Praxisalltag geht es oft recht hektisch zu. Manchmal bleibt kaum Zeit, um sich zwischen zwei Terminen etwas zu stärken. Doch die Ruhe zum Essen, die Sie Ihren Patienten empfehlen, sollten Sie selbst auch umsetzen können. Ein Apfel oder eine Reiswaffel sind zwar leichte, aber auf die Dauer recht einseitige Verpflegungen für zwischendurch. In diesem Beitrag sind Rezepte für leckere und stärkende Snacks herausgesucht, die Vitalstoffe für die Nerven liefern.
The Thin bilateral and bipedicled DIEAP flap for axillary reconstruction in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: D'Arpa Salvatore , Pignatti Marco , Vieni Salvatore , Muradov Mismil , Blondeel Phillip , Cordova Adriana 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Die Rekonstruktion der Axilla nach Resektion bei fortgeschrittener Hidradenitis suppurativa (Akne inversa) erfolgt in unserer Erfahrung mit gestielten Perforans-Lappenplastiken, die eine funktionelle Rekonstruktion und einen Funktionserhalt der Schulter erlauben. Die Verfügbarkeit der Haut ist um die Axilla durch die Notwendigkeit eines primären Verschlusses der Entnahmestelle begrenzt. In dieser Arbeit werden die Anwendung und die Ergebnisse von bilateralen freien DIEP-Lappenplastiken bei Patienten mit bilateraler und großflächiger Resektion vorgestellt.
Patienten und Methoden Von Oktober 2008 bis Oktober 2018 wurden 39 Patienten mit Hidradenitis suppurativa chirurgisch behandelt. Bei 11 dieser Patienten erfolgte eine bilaterale Rekonstruktion mit bilateraler DIEP-Lappenplastik (22 Lappenplastiken). Bei einem Patienten wurde eine unilaterale Rekonstruktion mithilfe einer doppelt gestielten DIEP-Lappenplastik durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 23 Lappenpkastiken verwendet. Zwölf Lappenplastiken wurden über der Scarpa-Faszie gehoben, 6 Lappenplastiken wurden nach der Dissektion ausgedünnt. Drei Lappenplastiken wurden in der ersten Phase nicht ausgedünnt. Die durchschnittliche Lappengröße betrug bei den bilateralen Lappenplastiken 14 × 17 cm und beim doppelt gestielten Lappenplastiken 15 × 32 cm.
Ergebnisse Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit lag bei 64 Monaten. Die durchschnittliche Operationsdauer lag bei 324 Minuten. Es wurden keine Lappennekrosen festgestellt. In zwei Fällen kam es zu einer axillären, in einem Fall zu einer abdominalen Wunddehiszenz. Diese wurden alle konservativ behandelt. Bei einem Patienten wurde an beiden Operationsstellen ein Pyoderma gangraenosum beobachtet, das nach Kortisontherapie abheilte. Bei den Lappenplastiken, die während des primären Eingriffs ausgedünnt wurden, war keine Revision erforderlich. Die drei Patienten mit den nicht ausgedünnten Lappen benötigten nach drei Monaten eine Liposuktion zur Ausdünnung. In einem Fall kam es zu einem Krankheitsrezidiv. Dieses war unilateral und wurde chirurgisch behandelt.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Rekonstruktion der Axilla mit DIEP-Lappenplastiken ermöglicht die Rekonstruktion großer und bilateraler Defekte in einem einzigen Eingriff mit primärem Verschluss der Entnahmestelle. Wenn die Lappenplastik während der Operation ausgedünnt wird, scheint postoperativ keine weitere Ausdünnung erforderlich zu sein. Ansonsten sollte der Lappen drei Monate nach dem Ersteingriff durch Liposuktion ausgedünnt werden.
Wie sinnvoll ist Rohkost?
Authors: Feichtinger Johanna 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDie Rohkosternährung ist eine vieldiskutierte Ernährungsform, die es in verschiedenen Ausprägungen und Formen gibt. Sie kann Nachteile als auch gesundheitsfördernde Einsatzmöglichkeiten mit sich bringen.