bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the therapeutic effects of endoscopic submucosal dissection and minimally invasive esophagectomy for T1 stage esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Gong Lei , Yue Jie , Duan Xiaofeng , Jiang Hongjing , Zhang Hongdian , Zhang Xi , Yu Zhentao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, diagnosis of early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus has been increasingly emphasized. The application of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has enabled safe resection of esophageal lesions. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is also safe and feasible for early stages of the cancer. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of early esophageal carcinoma treatment, and find the best predictive factor for the selection of treatment for T1a patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of early‐stage patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018. A total of 128 patients underwent MIE, while 78 patients underwent ESD. The depth of the tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the ESD group, 76.92% of the patients were stage T1a, while 34.38% in the MIE group were stage T1a. The lymph node metastasis rate was 16.41% in the MIE group (6.98% in T1a stage), which related to tumor differentiation, tumor length (≥37.5 mm), depth of invasion, and angiolymphatic invasion. However, the R0 resection rate was only 73.08% in the ESD group. Comprehensive analysis of all T1 patients in the two groups revealed that the positive margin was related to tumor differentiation, tumor width (≥13.5 mm), and depth of invasion (≥3.25 mm).ConclusionFor early‐stage cases, lymph node metastasis and positive margins are risk factors affecting long‐term survival. Efficient predictive factors mentioned in our study would provide a proper indication for treatment strategy selection.
Age‐related changes in duration production for familiar actions
Authors: Rattat Anne‐Claire , Tartas Valérie 
Published: September 2019

The present study dealt with an aspect of temporal cognition that is rarely discussed in the literature: the ability to estimate the duration of familiar actions. In everyday life, we often have to process both very short durations (e.g., when we are driving), but we also have to deal with actions or events that last for several minutes or even hours (e.g., watching a film). The aim of our study was to examine whether young children aged six and 9 years and adults are able to estimate the time usually taken by various familiar actions to perform using a production task. More precisely, they were successively presented with photographs of familiar actions that usually take more (e.g., blown a balloon up) or less (e.g., blow a candle out) time to perform. As soon as a photograph was presented on the screen, they have to start estimating the time taken to perform the depicted action and press the space bar when they think that this time has elapsed. Results showed that the 6‐year‐olds failed to produce longer durations for the long action category than for the short one, unlike the older children and adults. Moreover, for the short action category, increasingly short durations were produced with age. Only the adults produced different durations for different actions belonging to the same category (i.e., short or long). These results are discussed in relation to the development of an event‐based system of time that can be used to solve duration tasks.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Young children understand the relative durations of daily actions.

There is not any mapping between duration words and approximate durations in young children.

Young children have great difficulty in understanding that the same duration can be shared by different actions.

What the present study adds?

There is a clear improvement with age in the ability to produce the durations of familiar actions.

Children can use the event‐based system of time they develop to successfully perform duration tasks.
Backbone phylogeny of Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae) and a novel infrageneric classification based on the total evidence from plastid and morphological data
Authors: Zhao Cun‐Feng , Wei Ran , Zhang Xian‐Chun , Xiang Qiao‐Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fern genus Lepisorus represents one of the most complicated and controversial lineages in Polypodiaceae, with about 80 species which have been classified into several separate genera, and is notorious for its taxonomic difficulty. Despite progress in recent phylogenetic studies of the family Polypodiaceae involving Lepisorus and its allies, the deep phylogenetic relationship within this group of ferns is still unresolved, and no formal infrageneric classification has been proposed. This contribution presents the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus, with 72% species sampled, using a total‐evidence approach based on eight plastid markers and ≤25 morphological characters for each species. The analyses resolve the backbone relationship and yield the most robust phylogenetic framework to date. Congruent with previous studies but with new findings, the results herein show that Lepisorus is monophyletic when Neolepisorus, Lemmaphyllum, Tricholepidium, Neocheiropteris and Lepidomicrosorium are included, as well as Lepisorus jakonensis and Paragramma. Furthermore, 17 well‐resolved clades are found in the phylogenetic topology, which can be characterized by morphological synapomorphies from traits of rhizome scales, laminae, sori and paraphyses. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, a new infrageneric classification system of Lepisorus is proposed which subdivided Lepisorus into 17 sections.
Minocycline reduces intracerebral hemorrhage–induced white matter injury in piglets
Authors: Yang Heng , Gao Xin‐Jie , Li Yan‐Jiang , Su Jia‐Bin , E Tong‐Zhou , Zhang Xin , Ni Wei , Gu Yu‐Xiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsWhite matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti‐inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH.MethodsAn ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy.ResultsTranscriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH‐induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH.ConclusionThese results indicate that TGF‐β–mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
Do economic recessions “squeeze the middle class”?
Authors: Batinti Alberto , Costa‐Font Joan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe examine whether economic downturns are linked to the distribution of population income giving rise to an observed “middle class squeeze.” We test this hypothesis using a novel and unique dataset using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and allowing us to construct alternative definitions of middle class, such as income‐based measures, including labor income based, and perceived measures from the Integrated Values Study (IVS). Our findings suggest that, although recessions are not consistently correlated with middle class squeeze overall, the more unanticipated shocks resulting from the Great Recession show consistently through several definitions, a negative and robust conditional correlation. Furthermore, we find that recessions are positively correlated with the share of the population that regards itself as “middle class.” Estimates are heterogeneous to the baseline unemployment at the time of a recession, country spending on social protection, to middle class measures and definitions.
Removal and eradication of introduced species in a fenced reserve: Quantifying effort, costs and results
Authors: Ruykys Laura , Carter Andrew 
Published: September 2019

SummaryGiven the difficulty of effective landscape‐scale control of introduced predators, fenced areas that exclude them (i.e. ‘mainland islands') can play an important role in conserving threatened mammal species in Australia. Despite this, the effort required to eradicate or remove introduced species from within fenced areas remains poorly quantified. This study was conducted at Mt Gibson Wildlife Sanctuary in semi‐arid Western Australia, where a 43 km predator‐exclusion fence surrounding 7832 ha was completed in June 2014. The subsequent effort expended in eradicating feral Cat (Felis catus) and removing European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations was logged daily during 11 months of active population removal and 3.5 months of monitoring. The total effort expended on cat eradication, rabbit removal and monitoring included over 4800 person‐hours of work and nearly 67,000 km of driving (of which 6700 km was for spotlighting), and the conduct of over 15,000 trap nights, 2300 km of sand tracking transects, and over 7800 camera‐trap nights. Total costs (in 2015 figures) were estimated at just over AUD $390,000, which equates to approximately $50 per hectare. Cage trapping was most efficacious for catching cats, although it took nine months to capture the last individual, which was detected independently by both sand tracking transects and camera traps. This research provides baseline data on the resources required for future eradication and removal projects, particularly those within fenced reserves.
GASP‐1 and GASP‐2, two closely structurally related proteins with a functional duality in antitrypsin inhibition specificity: a mechanistic point of view
Authors: Parenté Alexis , Di Meo Florent , Lapeyronie Eric , Al Mansi Montasir , Delourme Didier , Pélissier Patrick , Brémaud Laure , Trouillas Patrick , Blanquet Véronique 
Published: September 2019

While GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 proteins are known to regulate myogenesis by inhibiting myostatin, their structural organization suggests a putative role as multivalent protease inhibitors controlling different protease activities. In this study, we show the noncompetitive and competitive antitrypsin activities of the full‐length GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 proteins, respectively, by using a bacterial system production and in vitro enzymatic experiments. The role of the second Kunitz domain in this functional duality is described by assessing the antitrypsin activity of GASP‐1/2 chimeric proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental data to rationalize differences in binding modes between trypsin and the GASP‐1 and GASP‐2 second Kunitz domains. A new inhibition mechanism was evidenced for the second Kunitz domain of GASP‐2, in which the conventional cationic residue of trypsin inhibitors was substituted by the strongly interacting glutamine residue.
Making reusable reaction‐bonded silicon nitride crucibles for silicon casting from kerf‐loss silicon waste
Authors: Liu Chia En , Lan Wen Chieh , Yu Hao Ting , Yang Han Lin , Liu I. Tseng , Hsu Hsiao Ping , Lan Chung Wen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilicon kerf loss during wafer slicing and the broken quartz crucibles after silicon casting are two major solid wastes from photovoltaic (PV) industry. Especially, the recycle of kerf‐loss silicon has become an urgent issue because near 100 000 t of solid wastes are generated every year. One of the most meaningful recycle routes of the kerf‐loss silicon is to make silicon nitride crucibles to replace the quartz crucibles. In this study, we demonstrated how this is feasible through acid leaching refining, slip casting, and nitridation. The reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) crucibles after oxidation were found pure enough for silicon ingot growth. More importantly, they could be reused after ingot growth. With the present examples, the potential of using the kerf‐loss silicon for fine ceramics is prominent.
Nocturnal systolic hypertension is a risk factor for cardiac damage in the untreated masked hypertensive patients
Authors: Li Jianhao , Cao Yalin , Liu Chen , Li Jiayong , Yao Fengjuan , Dong Yugang , Huang Huiling 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been identified as a prognostic factor for cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the association between different patterns of nocturnal masked hypertension (MH) and the echocardiographic parameters in the untreated nocturnal MH patients. A total of 721 untreated MH patients (309 females and 412 males, mean age = 56.59 ± 15.20 years) from June 2006 and June 2016 were included and divided into nocturnal systolic MH (n = 77), nocturnal diastolic MH (n = 232), and nocturnal systolic/diastolic MH (n = 412) groups according to the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Baseline characteristics, office BP values, ambulatory BP monitoring parameters, and echocardiographic parameters were compared among the three groups. The independent factors associated with echocardiographic parameters were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. The nocturnal systolic group had the highest ratio of males, mean age, and office systolic BP (SBP), and the lowest office, 24‐hour, daytime, nocturnal diastolic BP and heart rate among the three groups. The nocturnal diastolic group had the lowest interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, left atrium (LA) dimension, and left ventricular (LV) mass among the three groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that 24‐hour, daytime, and nocturnal SBPs were all positively associated with LA dimension, IVS thickness, and LV mass (all B were positive and P < .050). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that nocturnal SBP was positively correlated with LA dimension, IVS thickness, and LV mass. These results suggested that different patterns of nocturnal MH had different echocardiographic outcomes. Nocturnal SBP was the independent factor associated with the echocardiographic parameters.
“The Path Makes Us Strong”: Experiences of Reproductive Coercion Among Latina Women and Strategies for Minimizing Harm
Authors: Grace Karen Trister , Alexander Kamila A. , Jeffers Noelene K. , Miller Elizabeth , Decker Michele R. , Campbell Jacquelyn , Glass Nancy 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionLatina women disproportionately report experiencing reproductive coercion (RC), a set of behaviors that interfere with autonomous reproductive decision‐making. Given RC's associations with intimate partner violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy, it is critical to identify and address RC to assist women to achieve safety, autonomy, and reproductive life plans. The purpose of this study was to describe RC and the use of RC safety strategies among Latina women receiving IPV services at an urban clinicMethodsQualitative descriptive methodology was used. A purposive sample of 13 Latinas aged 20 to 40 years was recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and translated, then read to verify accuracy and gain understanding of overall responses, ensuring confirmability and trustworthiness. Two authors developed a codebook of a priori and emerging codes, and independently applied it. Discrepancies were triangulated with a third researcher, establishing credibility and confirmability. Codes were grouped into theoretical constructs.ResultsThemes included RC behaviors (with subthemes pregnancy pressure, birth control sabotage, and controlling pregnancy outcome), co‐occurrence of RC and IPV, and RC harm reduction strategies. New RC behaviors emerged, and immigration status was used as a method of coercive control. Cultural norms emerged as sources of vulnerability and resilience. Coercive partners were also violent. Harm reduction strategies included less detectable contraception; some sought community services, but others resorted to deception and stalling as the only tools available to them.DiscussionThe importance of translation services and clearly stating immigration risks from seeking help was apparent. Less detectable methods of contraception remain useful harm reduction strategies. Midwives should inquire about method fit and be mindful of honoring the request when patients ask to change methods. Cultural norms of strength and resilience emerged as vital sources of power and endurance. Nurses and researchers must consider how to support this and help women to access it. This diverse sample and the powerful voices of the women who participated make a significant contribution to the understanding of RC experienced by Latina women in the United States.
Discrimination of Aspergillus flavus from Aspergillus oryzae by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry
Authors: Hedayati Mohammad T. , Taghizadeh‐Armaki Mojtaba , Zarrinfar Hossein , Hoseinnejad Akbar , Ansari Saham , Abastabar Mahdi , Er Halil , Özhak Betil , Öğünç Dilara , Ilkit Macit , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundAspergillus flavus is a major cause of severe non‐invasive fungal infections in the Middle Eastern countries. However, it is difficult to distinguish A flavus from A oryzae.ObjectivesTo assess the potential of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) in discriminating between A flavus and A oryzae and compare it with β‐tubulin gene sequencing.MethodsWe used the Bruker Daltonik MALDI‐TOF MS system to analyse 200 clinical and environmental A flavus isolates and one A pseudonomius and one A alliaceus (Aspergillus section Flavi) isolate a priori identified as such by sequencing of the β‐tubulin gene.ResultsAll 200 A flavus isolates were identified at the genus level and 176 (88%) at the species levels by MALDI‐TOF MS based on the spectral log‐scores (≥2.0 and 1.7‐1.99, respectively); among them, only 18 (10.2%) were confirmed as A flavus, whereas 35 (19.9%) were identified as A oryzae and 123 (69.9%) as A flavus/A oryzae. Aspergillus pseudonomius and A alliaceus were misidentified as A flavus and A parasiticus with log‐score values of 1.39 and 1.09, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the commercially available Bruker Daltonik MALDI‐TOF MS score database cannot separate A flavus and A oryzae species. We also showed that establishment of an in‐house library is a useful tool to discriminate closely related Aspergillus species, including A flavus and A oryzae.
Limitations in Activities of Daily Living in People With Chronic Pain: Identification of Groups Using Clusters Analysis
Authors: Dueñas María , Salazar Alejandro , de Sola Helena , Failde Inmaculada 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain (CP) is a major public health problem affecting patients' lives and reducing physical activity. The aim is to establish subgroups of people with chronic pain (PCP) according to limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), and to identify sociodemographic, pain‐related, and psychosocial variables associated with each subgroup.MethodsNationwide cross‐sectional study on a representative sample of the Spanish adult population. Information on pain characteristics and ADL limitations was collected via telephone survey. A cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of subjects according to the limitations on ADLs. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the variables related to each subgroup.ResultsOut of the 1,957 surveys included in the original study, 325 PCP were identified according to the definition of the International Association for the Study of Pain. More than 50% reported some limitation in ADLs. Three groups of PCP were identified, with low, medium, and high ADL limitation. Older age, widespread and more intense pain, decrease in work activity, and belief that their pain affected the relationship with their friends were associated with higher limitations.ConclusionsThe identification of the characteristics of people with higher limitations could help guide future prevention and treatment initiatives to minimize the disabling impact of chronic pain on patients' family, work, and social life.
Nevus‐associated melanoma: An observational retrospective study of 22 patients evaluated with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Pampín‐Franco Ana , Gamo‐Villegas Reyes , Floristán‐Muruzábal Uxúa , Pinedo‐Moraleda Fernando J. , Pérez‐Fernández Elia , García‐Zamora Elena , López‐Estebaranz José Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of nevus‐associated melanoma (NAM) has been estimated to be 29% of diagnosed melanomas.Materials and methodsThis is an observational retrospective study of 22 cases of NAM diagnosed in the Universitary Hospital Alcorcón between September 2011 and 2018. The main objective was to analyze dermoscopic and RCM features of NAM. We also studied if there was an association between any dermoscopic or RCM parameter and Breslow depth.ResultsThe most frequent dermoscopic characteristics were multicomponent pattern (50%), multifocal pigmentation (45.5%), atypical network (59.1%), and blue‐gray regression structures (77.3%). RCM evidenced pagetoid cells in 95.5% melanomas (abundant in 59.1%), non‐edged dermal papillae in 86.4%, atypical cells at the dermal‐epidermal junction in 90.9%, and atypical junctional nesting in 81.8%. Deeper Breslow index was associated with red color (mean Breslow 0.65 vs 0.37 in melanomas without red, P = 0.035), shiny white streaks (0.85 vs 0.38, P = 0.041), abundant pagetoid cells (0.68 vs 0.26, P = 0.017), and non‐edged papillae (0.59 vs 0.00, P = 0.014).ConclusionRCM is a valuable tool for diagnosing NAM. Even it is very difficult to differentiate NAM from DNM both with dermoscopy and RCM, RCM can help us to detect remnants of a preexisting nevus and estimate Breslow depth.