bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological and political liberation: Strategies to promote power, wellness, and liberation among anti‐racist activists
Authors: Collins Charles R. , Kohfeldt Danielle , Kornbluh Mariah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a robust racial justice movement in the United States, which has pursued power with the goal of promoting wellness and liberating people from racially and historically oppressed communities. Organizations such as Black Lives Matter and Showing Up for Racial Justice continue building power and promoting psychological and political liberation. The purpose of our study is to investigate the developmental processes by which anti‐racist activists resist psychological and political oppression to approach wellness and liberation. We conducted 24 interviews from self‐identified anti‐racist activists in the United States and utilized thematic analysis to construct qualitative codes to identify the psychological and political strategies activists implemented in their racial justice work. We found that activists adopted four psychological strategies, two political strategies, and two bridging strategies to resist oppression. Psychologically, activists tended to examine political and historical contexts to understand the root causes of oppression and how their own oppressed and privileged identities fit within those larger systems. Politically, activists sought opportunities to enhance their capacity as activists and engage in critical actions to build power and seek liberation. Bridging these psychological and political domains, activists also formulated a theory of liberation and engaged in critical self‐reflection, which guided their political actions.
SP1‐mediated upregulation of lncRNA SNHG4 functions as a ceRNA for miR‐377 to facilitate prostate cancer progression through regulation of ZIC5
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Yong , Duan Yu , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve distinct roles in human tumorigenesis. Previous studies have found that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) was dysregulated in several tumors. However, the expression, clinical significances, and action mechanisms of SNHG4 in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was utilized to detect SNHG4 expression in tissue samples and PCa cells. Cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, clonogenic formation, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were, respectively, used to evaluate cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration, and invasion. Flow cytometric analysis was applied to assess cell apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to determine the binding between SP1 and SNHG4 promoter. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analysis were carried out to explore and confirm the interaction among SNHG4, miR‐377, and ZIC5.ResultsSNHG4 was highly expressed in PCa and its upregulation was induced by transcription factor SP1. The high levels of SNHG4 were distinctly associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and reduced overall survival of patients with PCa. SNHG4 knockdown inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, miR‐377 was a target of SNHG4 and ZIC5 was a target gene of miR‐377 in PCa. SNHG4 promoted ZIC5‐mediated growth and metastasis through modulating miR‐377.ConclusionOur findings illuminate how SNHG4 formed a regulatory network to display a tumor‐promotive effect in PCa and revealed that SNHG4 may be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for patients with PCa.
LINC01559 accelerates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration through YAP‐mediated pathway
Authors: Lou Changjie , Zhao Juan , Gu Yuanlong , Li Qingwei , Tang Shuli , Wu Yangjiazi , Tang Jiebing , Zhang Chunhui , Li Zhiwei , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the top two most fatal cancers, with the poorest survival rate among all human malignancies. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of various cancers. Herein, we investigated the role of lncRNA LINC01559 in PC. Several online databases indicated that LINC01559 was at a low expression in normal pancreatic tissues but was obviously upregulated in PAAD tissues. Further, our results showed that LINC01559 was stimulated in PC cell lines relative to normal controls. Furthermore, we validated that LINC01559 facilitated PC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Also, silencing LINC01559 obstructed PC cell growth in vivo. Besides, LINC01559 was revealed to be mainly in the cytoplasm of PC cells and therefore served as a ceRNA of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) in PC cells via sponging miR‐607. Surprisingly, we also proved that LINC01559 could interact with YAP protein, which might hinder YAP phosphorylation and enhance YAP transcriptional activity in PC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that YAP was the downstream effector in LINC01559‐regulated PC development. Collectively, our findings unmasked that LINC01559 accelerates PC progression through relying on YAP, providing a new potential target for clinical treatment of patients with PC.
Polycomb repressive complex 1: Regulators of neurogenesis from embryonic to adult stage
Authors: Desai Divya , Pethe Prasad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDevelopment of vertebrate nervous system is a complex process which involves differential gene expression and disruptions in this process or in the mature brain, may lead to neurological disorders and diseases. Extensive work that spanned several decades using rodent models and recent work on stem cells have helped uncover the intricate process of neuronal differentiation and maturation. There are various morphological changes, genetic and epigenetic modifications which occur during normal mammalian neural development, one of the chromatin modifications that controls vital gene expression are the posttranslational modifications on histone proteins, that controls accessibility of translational machinery. Among the histone modifiers, polycomb group proteins (PcGs), such as Ezh2, Eed and Suz12 form large protein complexes—polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2); while Ring1b and Bmi1 proteins form core of PRC1 along with accessory proteins such as Cbx, Hph, Rybp and Pcgfs catalyse histone modifications such as H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1. PRC1 proteins are known to play critical role in X chromosome inactivation in females but they also repress the expression of key developmental genes and tightly regulate the mammalian neuronal development. In this review we have discussed the signalling pathways, morphogens and nuclear factors that initiate, regulate and maintain cells of the nervous system. Further, we have extensively reviewed the recent literature on the role of Ring1b and Bmi1 in mammalian neuronal development and differentiation; as well as highlighted questions that are still unanswered.
Biomarker expression analysis in different age groups revealed age was a risk factor for breast cancer
Authors: Ma Xiaoran , Liu Cun , Xu Xiaowei , Liu Lijuan , Gao Chundi , Zhuang Jing , Li Huayao , Feng Fubin , Zhou Chao , Liu Zhen , Li Jie , Wei Junyu , Wang Lu , Sun Changgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe relationship between age and breast cancer is ambiguous. Here, we analyzed the differential expression pattern of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in different age groups to provide an effective association between age and breast cancer risk at the molecular level. We integrated the microarray information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. The patients were divided into young ( < 50 years) and old ( ≥ 50 years) age groups and evaluated by differential gene expression, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analyses, and coexpression analysis. To determine their potential clinical significance, univariate Cox regression analysis and survival assessment were conducted. We identified two lncRNAs (AL139280.1 and AP000851.1) and three mRNAs (MT1M, HBB, and TFPI2) as the risk markers, and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) focusing on a single gene revealed that "pyrimidine metabolism," "cell cycle," and "P53 signaling pathway" were coenriched. These data demonstrated that age may be a risk factor for breast carcinogenesis and prognosis and provide an in‐depth molecular characterization based on the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs.
Molecular and clinical characterization of Galectin‐9 in glioma through 1,027 samples
Authors: Yuan Feng , Ming Haolang , Wang Yingshuai , Yang Yihan , Yi Li , Li Tao , Ma Haiwen , Tong Luqing , Zhang Liang , Liu Peidong , Li Jiabo , Lin Yu , Yu Shengping , Ren Bingcheng , Yang Xuejun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, research on glioma immunotherapy have grown rapidly. However, the autoimmune‐like side effects that are caused by blocking immunological checkpoints hinder their clinical application in gliomas currently. Galectin‐9, a ligand for T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin 3, has shed a new light on the treatment of malignant glioma. However, the potential mechanism of Galectin‐9 is still under discussion. In this study, first, we methodically gathered 1,027 glioma patients with RNA‐seq and 986 patients with survival data to explore the role and mechanism of Galectin‐9 in gliomas. Second, we analyzed glioma samples from 50 patients in the Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Finally, we found that Galectin‐9 was strongly upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme compared with normal brain tissues and lower‐grade glioma. Patients with Galectin‐9 overexpression had a significantly shorter overall survival. Moreover, the tissue microarray data displayed that the expression of Galectin‐9 in the core of tumor is higher than that in the border and was correlated with the shorter survival in glioma patients. Galectin‐9 is more highly expressed in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma multiforme than in the other subtypes. Simultaneously, Galectin‐9 was closely associated with the immune response and lymphocyte activation, especially T‐cell activation. To further determine the underlying role of Galectin‐9 in the immune response, we selected seven immune metagenes. Through cluster analysis and correlation analysis, we discovered that Galectin‐9 was highly correlated with immune checkpoint molecules and M2 tumor‐associated macrophages. In summary, Galectin‐9 serves as a potential therapeutic target to treat glioblastoma multiforme.
Thermodynamics for curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) partitioning in the alcohol–salt aqueous two‐phase system
Authors: de Carvalho Batista Izabella , Gandolfi Olga Reinert Ramos , Sampaio Vanessa Santos , dos Santos Karine Amaral , da Costa Ilhéu Fontan Rafael , Veloso Cristiane Martins , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurcumin is a polyphenol used as a natural colorant or spice with pharmacological properties including analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant. In this work the partition of curcumin was carried out in an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) under different conditions.RESULTSLiquid–liquid equilibrium data for the ATPS composed of 2‐propanol + sodium phosphate + water were determined experimentally by the turbidimetric method at temperatures T = 288.15, 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K and pH values 4.0 and 5.0. The phase‐forming and salting‐out capability of the mentioned salt were discussed by determination of the exclusion volume effect (EEV) and salting‐out coefficient. The partition of curcumin was carried out. In order to investigate the driving forces that govern the curcumin partition we conducted a thermodynamic study by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The Gibbs free energy transfer (ΔtrG), transfer enthalpy variation (ΔtrH) and transfer entropy variation (TΔtrS) were measured during the dye partition for the systems at 298.15 K.CONCLUSIONThe increase in the pH value promoted an increase in the salting‐out effect as well as in the exclusion volume value. It was observed that the dye had a strong tendency to transfer to the alcohol‐rich top phase, showing Kp high values (13.725–112.764). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that curcumin partition in the ATPS at 298.15 K was entropically driven to the top phase. The high values of theoretical recovery, selectivity and partition coefficient obtained in this study show that the investigated systems may be a promising alternative for curcumin pre‐concentration and purification. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features of mediastinal lymphomas and thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Kong Jing , Fu Jing‐Jing , Yang Wei , Sun Yu , Wang Song , Bai Jing , Wang Hong , Yan Kun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize the contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of mediastinal lymphomas and thymic epithelial tumors (including thymomas and thymic carcinomas) and to explore the value of CEUS in the differential diagnosis of lymphomas and thymic epithelial tumors.MethodsSixty‐nine patients with 69 mediastinal lesions who underwent CEUS and had disease confirmed by histopathology were enrolled in the study. There were 33 cases of lymphoma, 19 cases of thymic carcinoma, and 17 cases of thymoma. CEUS features, including the enhancement pattern, enhancement distribution, enhancement time, inner necrosis status, wash out pattern, and vascular morphology, were evaluated in each group.ResultsThymomas often presented with homogeneous (88.2%, 15/17) and late (88.2%, 15/17) enhancement and a low rate of inner necrosis (17.6%, 3/17). Late (73.7%, 14/19), heterogeneous (68.4%, 13/19), and centripetal (63.2%, 12/19) enhancement were more often observed in thymic carcinoma, as was a high rate of inner necrosis (78.9%, 15/19). Lymphomas showed a homogeneous enhancement rate of 57.6% (19/33) and a late enhancement rate of 54.5% (18/33). The rate of inner necrosis for lymphomas was 45.5% (15/33). The diagnostic accuracy of this finding for distinguishing thymic epithelial tumors from lymphomas was 63.8%, the sensitivity was 80.6%, and the specificity was 45.5%. Enlarged blood vessels were a feature specific to lymphomas, while small vessels arranged in a comb shape was a feature specific to thymic epithelial tumors.ConclusionThis study describes the CEUS features of common mediastinal tumors and may stimulate further studies in this field.
Homogentisic acid is not only eliminated by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion but also produced in the kidney in alkaptonuria
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. , Milan Anna M. , Hughes Andrew T. , Khedr Milad , Davison Andrew S. , Shweihdi Ella , Norman Brendan P. , Hughes Juliette H. , Bygott Helen , Luangrath Emily , Fitzgerald Richard , Psarelli Eftychia E. , van Kan Christa , Laan Dinny , Olsson Birgitta , Rudebeck Mattias , Mankowitz Louise , Sireau Nicolas , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Le Quan Sang Kim‐Hanh , Jarvis Jonathan C. , Genovese Federica , Braconi Daniela , Santucci Annalisa , Zatkova Andrea , Glasova Helena , Stančík Roman , Imrich Richard , Rhodes Nicholas P. , Gallagher James A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe clinical effects of alkaptonuria (AKU) are delayed and ageing influences disease progression. Morbidity of AKU is secondary to high circulating homogentisic acid (HGA) and ochronosis. It is not known whether HGA is produced by or processed in the kidney in AKU. Data from AKU patients from four studies were merged to form a single AKU group. A control group of non‐AKU subjects was generated by merging data from two non‐AKU studies. Data were used to derive renal clearance and fractional excretion (FE) ratios for creatinine, HGA, phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) using standard calculations, for comparison between the AKU and the control groups. There were 225 AKU patients in the AKU group and 52 in the non‐AKU control group. Circulating HGA increased with age (P < 0.001), and was significantly associated with decreased HGA clearance (CLHGA) (P < 0.001) and FEHGA (P < 0.001). CLHGA and FEHGA were increased beyond the theoretical maximum renal plasma flow, confirming renal production and emphasising the greater contribution of net tubular secretion than glomerular filtration to renal elimination of HGA. The kidneys are crucial to elimination of HGA. Elimination of HGA is impaired with age resulting in worsening disease over time. The kidney is an important site for production of HGA. Tubular secretion of HGA contributes more to elimination of HGA in AKU than glomerular filtration.
Development and evaluation of a conventional RT‐PCR for differentiating emerging influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses with hemagglutinin amino acid deletion from B/Yamagata lineage viruses
Authors: Chan Wan‐Mui , Wong Lok‐Hin , So Chun‐Fung , Chen Lin‐Lei , Wu Wai‐Lan , Ip Jonathan D. , Lam Athene Hoi‐Ying , Yip Cyril C. Y. , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , To Kelvin K. W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses contain amino acid deletions at positions 162 to 164 of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein. These amino acid deletions have affected the detection of B/Victoria lineage viruses by the lineage‐specific conventional reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) that was recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and evaluate a novel lineage‐specific RT‐PCR for rapid differentiation of the contemporary B/Victoria lineage from B/Yamagata lineage viruses.Study DesignPrimers of our in‐house RT‐PCR were designed to avoid amino acid positions 162 to 164 and to target conserved regions of the HA gene that are specific for B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses. Our in‐house RT‐PCR and WHO RT‐PCR were evaluated using influenza B positive clinical specimens or virus culture isolates. Influenza B virus lineage was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA total of 105 clinical specimens or virus culture isolates were retrieved, including 83 with B/Victoria lineage and 22 with B/Yamagata lineage viruses. Our in‐house RT‐PCR correctly identified B/Victoria lineage viruses in all 83 samples, including 82 samples with double or triple amino acid deletion in the HA protein. Conversely, the WHO lineage‐specific conventional RT‐PCR failed to detect any of the 82 samples with HA amino acid deletions. For the 22 samples with B/Yamagata lineage viruses, both RT‐PCR assays have correctly identified B/Yamagata lineage in all samples.ConclusionsOur novel lineage‐specific RT‐PCR has successfully detected all contemporary B/Victoria lineage viruses with amino acid deletions in HA. This protocol is especially useful for laboratories without the equipment for real‐time PCR.
Evolution of tropical interannual sea surface temperature variability and its connection with boreal summer atmospheric circulations
Authors: Zhao Yuheng , Feng Guolin , Zheng Zhihai , Zhang Daquan , Jia Zikang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), including their spatial patterns and temporal evolution, are an important source of potential predictability for climate anomalies, especially on seasonal to interannual timescales. In this study, the spatial patterns and temporal evolution of tropical SSTAs are identified by applying an extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis of observed data from autumn to the following spring. The positive phase of first EEOF mode (EEOF1) displays an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase‐locking evolution pattern in the tropical Pacific, with accompanying warming in the Indian and Atlantic oceans. EEOF2 is characterized by the development of ENSO in the eastern tropical Pacific and a phase transition in the Indian Ocean and the tropical North Atlantic. The most noticeable feature of EEOF3 is the development of the central Pacific ENSO. The first three EEOF modes account for 44.7% of the total variance of tropical SSTAs over the course of the three seasons. EEOF1 is closely related to the tropical atmospheric circulation, especially over the western Pacific region, reflecting the strengthening effect of the three tropical oceans on the anomalous anticyclone over the tropical Northwest Pacific during the decaying phases of El Niño. EEOF2 significantly impacts the circulation anomalies over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific. A linear regression model is established using the time series of first four EEOF modes to forecast the June to August 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies. The forecasts show higher skill than a similar linear regression model using seasonal mean regional SST anomaly indices. The results reveal that EEOF modes could be used as a good indicator in the monitoring of tropical SSTA evolution patterns.
Design, Fabrication, and Modulation of THz Bandpass Metamaterials
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Gao Bingtao , Raglione Michaella , Wang Huixin , Li Baojia , Toor Fatima , Arnold Mark A. , Ding Hongtao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDevelopment of terahertz (THz) sources, detectors, and optical components has been an active area of research across the globe. The interest in THz optoelectronics is driven by the various applications they have enabled, such as ultrawide‐band communication systems, air‐ and space‐borne astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, small‐scale radar, airport security scanners, ultrafast nanodevices, and biomedical imaging and sensing. Here, the aim is to provide a comprehensive review of THz bandpass metamaterials focusing on several areas. First, the design fundamentals and geometrical patterns of THz bandpass metamaterials are summarized. Second, fabrication methods of THz bandpass metamaterials are reviewed, including typical micro‐ and nanofabrication techniques and laser micromachining techniques. More importantly, different engineering methods are reviewed for tuning and modulation of the THz transmission resonance for these metamaterials. Both passive and active modulation methods are included in this discussion; the passive method involves changes in the geometrical pattern of the filter material, and the active method performs in situ modulation of properties by applying an external physical field. Finally, the potential applications and prospects for future research of THz bandpass metamaterials are discussed.
The Janus Face of Cereals: Wheat‐Derived Prebiotics Counteract the Detrimental Effect of Gluten on Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High‐Fat/High‐Sucrose Diet
Authors: Olivares Marta , Rodriguez Julie , Pötgens Sarah A. , Neyrinck Audrey M. , Cani Patrice D. , Bindels Laure B. , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: October 2019

ScopeCereals are important sources of carbohydrates, but also contain nutrients that could impact adiposity. The contribution of gluten to obesity and the effects of prebiotics—arabinoxylo‐oligosaccharides (AXOS) and fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS)—that can be extracted from gluten‐containing cereals are analyzed.Methods and resultsMice are fed a control diet, Western diet (WD, consisting of high fat/high sucrose), or WD with 5% gluten. Prebiotics are tested in the WD with gluten. Gluten does not increase body weight and has a minor effect on ileal inflammation. Gluten decreases the expression of browning markers in the fat and increases the triglycerides synthesis in the muscle. AXOS decreases body weight and adiposity in fat pads muscle and liver. AXOS promotes gluten cleavage by the induction of prolyl endopeptidase that is translated into a reduction of gluten immunogenic peptides. Gluten has minor effects on cecal microbiota composition, whereas prebiotics increased Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella, and Parasutterella, which are all negatively correlated to the cecal content of gluten peptides.ConclusionWhile gluten may affect metabolic homeostasis, these effects are lessened when gluten is consumed along with cereal‐derived fibers. If confirmed in humans, the authors bring new arguments to eat fiber‐rich cereals to promote a healthy diet.