bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variation of extreme temperatures in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China from 1960 to 2016
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Li Yuqiang , Chen Yinping , Lian Jie , Luo Yongqing , Niu Yayi , Gong Xiangwen , Yu Peidong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is one of the areas most sensitive to global temperature change. To analyze the temporal and spatial trends of extreme temperature events in this area, we calculated the values of 16 extreme-temperature indices from 1960 to 2016 based on data from 45 national meteorological stations. We found that the coldest-temperature indices decreased significantly and the warmest-temperature indices increased significantly. The warming of night temperatures contributed more than warming of day temperatures to the overall warming trend. In addition, the warm-temperature indices appeared to be increasing since the late 1980s and early 1990s. Overall, though the four extremal indices showed an increasing trend, the rate of change in the minimum temperature was greater than that of the maximum temperature; thus, the minimum temperature contributed most strongly to the overall temperature increases. The growing season is being prolonged in higher-elevation areas, but vegetation maturation in lower-elevation areas has been accelerated by the high temperatures, potentially leading to a shorter growing season at low altitudes. However, the impacts of land-use changes caused by human activities on the temperature increases will require additional study.
Identification of serpins specific for activated protein C using a lysate-based screening assay
Authors: Polderdijk Stéphanie G. I. , Huntington James A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractActivated protein C (APC) is a powerful anticoagulant enzyme that proteolytically inactivates the cofactors of the Xase and prothrombinase complexes, factors VIIIa and Va. A common mutation in factor V, fVLeiden, confers resistance to APC leading to an increased risk of thrombosis in the normal population. However, when coinherited with haemophilia, fVLeiden reduces bleeding severity, suggesting that inhibition of APC may be a useful strategy for treatment of haemophilia. We previously reported on serpins that were rationally designed for improved specificity for APC over other coagulation serine proteases. Based on structural differences in the substrate binding pockets to either side of the P1 Arg, we mutated the P2 and P1′ residues to Lys. Although this approach achieved APC specificity, it resulted in a reduction in the rate of APC inhibition relative to the parent containing only the P1 Arg. Here we conduct site-specific random mutagenesis at the P2 and P1′ positions to determine if improvements could be made in the rate of APC inhibition. In addition to our original Lys mutations, we found that Arg and Gln also confer specificity for APC. However, in all cases specificity for APC resulted in a reduction in inhibition rate.
Genome-wide association study identifies genes associated with neuropathy in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Reyes-Gibby Cielito C. , Wang Jian , Yeung Sai-Ching J. , Chaftari Patrick , Yu Robert K. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Shete Sanjay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP), defined as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system, is a debilitating chronic pain condition often resulting from cancer treatment. Among cancer patients, neuropathy during cancer treatment is a predisposing event for NP. To identify genetic variants influencing the development of NP, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 1,043 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, based on 714,494 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (130 cases, 913 controls). About 12.5% of the patients, who previously had cancer treatment, had neuropathy-associated diagnoses, as defined using the ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. We identified four common SNPs representing four genomic regions: 7q22.3 (rs10950641; SNX8; P = 3.39 × 10−14), 19p13.2 (rs4804217; PCP2; P = 2.95 × 10−9), 3q27.3 (rs6796803; KNG1; P = 6.42 × 10−9) and 15q22.2 (rs4775319; RORA; P = 1.02 × 10−8), suggesting SNX8, PCP2, KNG1 and RORA might be novel target genes for NP in patients with head and neck cancer. Future experimental validation to explore physiological effects of the identified SNPs will provide a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying NP and may provide insights into novel therapeutic targets for treatment and management of NP.
The Drosophila homologue of MEGF8 is essential for early development
Authors: Lloyd Deborah L. , Toegel Markus , Fulga Tudor A. , Wilkie Andrew O. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMutations of the geneMEGF8cause Carpenter syndrome in humans, and the mouse orthologue has been functionally associated with Nodal and Bmp4 signalling. Here, we have investigated the phenotype associated with loss-of-function ofCG7466, a gene that encodes theDrosophilahomologue ofMEGF8. We generated three different frame-shift null mutations inCG7466using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Heterozygous flies appeared normal, but homozygous animals had disorganised denticle belts and died as 2ndor 3rdinstar larvae. Larvae were delayed in transition to 3rdinstars and showed arrested growth, which was associated with abnormal feeding behaviour and prolonged survival when yeast food was supplemented with sucrose. RNAi-mediated knockdown using theGal4-UASsystem resulted in lethality with ubiquitous and tissue-specific Gal4 drivers, and growth defects including abnormal bristle number and orientation in a subset of escapers. We conclude thatCG7466is essential for larval development and that diminished function perturbs denticle and bristle formation.
Silicon Integrated Interferometric Optical Gyroscope
Authors: Wu Beibei , Yu Yu , Xiong Jiabi , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMiniaturized and low-cost optical gyroscopes are urgently required for emerging applications in consumer electronics market. In this paper, we proposed a theoretical analysis and preliminary experiment results for integrated interferometric optical gyroscope based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for the first time. The gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect and composed of coiled multimode waveguides to reduce propagation loss and the footprint. The sensitivity of the sensing part is fully investigated in terms of waveguide loss, gyroscope footprint, crossing numbers for coiled waveguides, as well as the waveguide cross section. The experimental results show that gyroscope sensitivity is 51.3 deg/s with a footprint of 600 μm × 700 μm.
Global miRNA expression profile reveals novel molecular players in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Lopes Katia de Paiva , Vinasco-Sandoval Tatiana , Vialle Ricardo Assunção , Paschoal Fernando Mendes , Bastos Vanessa Albuquerque P. Aviz , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Yamada Elizabeth Sumi , Pinto Pablo , Vidal Amanda Ferreira , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Arthur , Moreira Fabiano , Santos Sidney , Paschoal Eric Homero Albuquerque , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms behind aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) are still poorly understood. Expression patterns of miRNAs may help elucidate the post-transcriptional gene expression in aSAH. Here, we evaluate the global miRNAs expression profile (miRnome) of patients with aSAH to identify potential biomarkers. We collected 33 peripheral blood samples (27 patients with cerebral aneurysm, collected 7 to 10 days after the haemorrhage, when usually is the cerebral vasospasm risk peak, and six controls). Then, were performed small RNA sequencing using an Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Differential expression analysis identified eight differentially expressed miRNAs. Among them, three were identified being up-regulated, and five down-regulated. miR-486-5p was the most abundant expressed and is associated with poor neurological admission status. In silico miRNA gene target prediction showed 148 genes associated with at least two differentially expressed miRNAs. Among these, THBS1 and VEGFA, known to be related to thrombospondin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Moreover, MYC gene was found to be regulated by four miRNAs, suggesting an important role in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Additionally, 15 novel miRNAs were predicted being expressed only in aSAH, suggesting possible involvement in aneurysm pathogenesis. These findings may help the identification of novel biomarkers of clinical interest.
Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields
Authors: Krishnan Vijai , Park Sarah A. , Shin Samuel S. , Alon Lina , Tressler Caitlin M. , Stokes William , Banerjee Jineta , Sorrell Mary E. , Tian Yuemin , Fridman Gene Y. , Celnik Pablo , Pevsner Jonathan , Guggino William B. , Gilad Assaf A. , Pelled Galit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Kryptopterus bicirrhis (glass catfish) is known to respond to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Here we tested its avoidance behavior in response to static and alternating magnetic fields stimulation. Using expression cloning we identified an electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) from the K. bicirrhis encoding a protein that responds to EMF. This EPG gene was cloned and expressed in mammalian cells, neuronal cultures and in rat’s brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of EPG is confined to the mammalian cell membrane. Calcium imaging in mammalian cells and cultured neurons expressing EPG demonstrated that remote activation by EMF significantly increases intracellular calcium concentrations, indicative of cellular excitability. Moreover, wireless magnetic activation of EPG in rat motor cortex induced motor evoked responses of the contralateral forelimb in vivo. Here we report on the development of a new technology for remote, non-invasive modulation of cell function.
Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation by Nanopatterning of Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Loye Ayomiposi M. , Kinser Emily R. , Bensouda Sabrine , Shayan Mahdis , Davis Rose , Wang Rui , Chen Zheng , Schwarz Udo D. , Schroers Jan , Kyriakides Themis R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is regulated by surface modification including texturing, which is applied to materials to enhance tissue integration. Here, we used Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 bulk metallic glass (Pt-BMG) with nanopatterned surfaces achieved by thermoplastic forming to influence differentiation of human MSCs. Pt-BMGs are a unique class of amorphous metals with high strength, elasticity, corrosion resistance, and an unusual plastic-like processability. It was found that flat and nanopattened Pt-BMGs induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. In addition, osteogenic differentiation on flat BMG exceeded that observed on medical grade titanium and was associated with increased formation of focal adhesions and YAP nuclear localization. In contrast, cells on nanopatterned BMGs exhibited rounded morphology, formed less focal adhesions and had mostly cytoplasmic YAP. These changes were preserved on nanopatterns made of nanorods with increased stiffness due to shorter aspect ratios, suggesting that MSC differentiation was primarily influenced by topography. These observations indicate that both elemental composition and nanotopography can modulate biochemical cues and influence MSCs. Moreover, the processability and highly tunable nature of Pt-BMGs enables the creation of a wide range of surface topographies that can be reproducibly and systematically studied, leading to the development of implants capable of engineering MSC functions.
Anti-band 3 and anti-spectrin antibodies are increased in Plasmodium vivax infection and are associated with anemia
Authors: Mourão Luiza Carvalho , Baptista Rodrigo de Paula , de Almeida Zélia Barbosa , Grynberg Priscila , Pucci Maíra Mazzoni , Castro-Gomes Thiago , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes , Rathore Sumit , Sharma Yagya D. , da Silva-Pereira Rosiane A. , Bemquerer Marcelo Porto , Braga Érika Martins 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClearance of non-infected red blood cells (nRBCs) is one of the main components of anemia associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Recently, we have shown that anemic patients with P. vivax infection had elevated levels of anti-RBCs antibodies, which could enhance in vitro phagocytosis of nRBCs and decrease their deformability. Using immunoproteomics, here we characterized erythrocytic antigens that are differentially recognized by autoantibodies from anemic and non-anemic patients with acute vivax malaria. Protein spots exclusively recognized by anemic P. vivax-infected patients were identified by mass spectrometry revealing band 3 and spectrin as the main targets. To confirm this finding, antibody responses against these specific proteins were assessed by ELISA. In addition, an inverse association between hemoglobin and anti-band 3 or anti-spectrin antibodies levels was found. Anemic patients had higher levels of IgG against both band 3 and spectrin than the non-anemic ones. To determine if these autoantibodies were elicited because of molecular mimicry, we used in silico analysis and identified P. vivax proteins that share homology with human RBC proteins such as spectrin, suggesting that infection drives autoimmune responses. These findings suggest that band 3 and spectrin are potential targets of autoantibodies that may be relevant for P. vivax malaria-associated anemia.
Contact-free trans-pars-planar illumination enables snapshot fundus camera for nonmydriatic wide field photography
Authors: Wang Benquan , Toslak Devrim , Alam Minhaj Nur , Chan R. V. Paul , Yao Xincheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn conventional fundus photography, trans-pupillary illumination delivers illuminating light to the interior of the eye through the peripheral area of the pupil, and only the central part of the pupil can be used for collecting imaging light. Therefore, the field of view of conventional fundus cameras is limited, and pupil dilation is required for evaluating the retinal periphery which is frequently affected by diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and other chorioretinal conditions. We report here a nonmydriatic wide field fundus camera employing trans-pars-planar illumination which delivers illuminating light through the pars plana, an area outside of the pupil. Trans-pars-planar illumination frees the entire pupil for imaging purpose only, and thus wide field fundus photography can be readily achieved with less pupil dilation. For proof-of-concept testing, using all off-the-shelf components a prototype instrument that can achieve 90° fundus view coverage in single-shot fundus images, without the need of pharmacologic pupil dilation was demonstrated.
Anomalous ellipticity dependence in nonsequential double ionization of ArXe
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhong Mingmin , Wu Zhengmao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing a three-dimensional classical ensemble method, we present a theoretical study of nonsequential double ionization of ArXe dimer aligned along the minor axis of the elliptically polarized laser pulse. Numerical results show that NSDI probability firstly increases and then decreases with the laser ellipticity increasing, which is different from atoms. Moreover, the correlated electron momentum spectra from elliptical polarization are always asymmetric, and the asymmetry is enhanced as the ellipticity increases. Analysis backward in time indicates that in NSDI of ArXe aligned along the minor axis the recollision occurs via a semi-elliptical trajectory.
Skin Microbiota in Obese Women at Risk for Surgical Site Infection After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Rood Kara M. , Buhimschi Irina A. , Jurcisek Joseph A. , Summerfield Taryn L. , Zhao Guomao , Ackerman William E. , Wang Weiwei , Rumpf R. Wolfgang , Thung Stephen F. , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Buhimschi Catalin S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe obesity pandemic in the obstetrical population plus increased frequency of Cesarean delivery (CD) has increased vulnerability to surgical site infection (SSI). Here we characterized the microbiome at the site of skin incision before and after CD. Skin and relevant surgical sites were sampled before and after surgical antisepsis from obese (n = 31) and non-obese (n = 27) pregnant women. We quantified bacterial biomass by qPCR, microbial community composition by 16sRNA sequencing, assigned operational taxonomic units, and stained skin biopsies from incision for bacteria and biofilms. In obese women, incision site harbors significantly higher bacterial biomass of lower diversity. PhylumFirmicutespredominated overActinobacteria, with phylotypesClostridalesandBacteroidalesover commensalStaphylococcusandPropionbacteriumspp. Skin dysbiosis increased post-surgical prep and at end of surgery. Biofilms were identified post-prep in the majority (73%) of skin biopsies. At end of surgery, incision had significant gains in bacterial DNA and diversity, and obese women shared more genera with vagina and surgeon’s glove in CD. Our findings suggest microbiota at incision differs between obese and non-obese pregnant women, and changes throughout CD. An interaction between vaginal and cutaneous dysbiosis at the incision site may explain the a priori increased risk for SSI among obese pregnant women.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Se-doped TiO2 under visible light irradiation
Authors: Xie Wei , Li Rui , Xu Qingyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnatase TiO2 is a typical photocatalyst, and its excellent performance is limited in ultraviolet light range due to its wide band gap of 3.2 eV. A series of Se-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase structure with various Se concentrations up to 17.1 at.% were prepared using sol-gel method. The doped Se ions are confirmed to be mainly in the valence state of + 4, which provides extra electronic states in the band gap of TiO2. The band gap is effectively narrowed with the smallest gap energy of 2.17 eV, and the photocatalytic activity is effectively improved due to the extended absorption range. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The results show that Se doping significantly improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and 13.63 at.% Se-doped TiO2 has the best performance.
An automated Design-Build-Test-Learn pipeline for enhanced microbial production of fine chemicals
Authors: Carbonell Pablo , Jervis Adrian J. , Robinson Christopher J. , Yan Cunyu , Dunstan Mark , Swainston Neil , Vinaixa Maria , Hollywood Katherine A. , Currin Andrew , Rattray Nicholas J. W. , Taylor Sandra , Spiess Reynard , Sung Rehana , Williams Alan R. , Fellows Donal , Stanford Natalie J. , Mulherin Paul , Le Feuvre Rosalind , Barran Perdita , Goodacre Royston , Turner Nicholas J. , Goble Carole , Chen George Guoqiang , Kell Douglas B. , Micklefield Jason , Breitling Rainer , Takano Eriko , Faulon Jean-Loup , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe microbial production of fine chemicals provides a promising biosustainable manufacturing solution that has led to the successful production of a growing catalog of natural products and high-value chemicals. However, development at industrial levels has been hindered by the large resource investments required. Here we present an integrated Design–Build-Test–Learn (DBTL) pipeline for the discovery and optimization of biosynthetic pathways, which is designed to be compound agnostic and automated throughout. We initially applied the pipeline for the production of the flavonoid (2S)-pinocembrin inEscherichia coli, to demonstrate rapid iterative DBTL cycling with automation at every stage. In this case, application of two DBTL cycles successfully established a production pathway improved by 500-fold, with competitive titers up to 88 mg L−1. The further application of the pipeline to optimize an alkaloids pathway demonstrates how it could facilitate the rapid optimization of microbial strains for production of any chemical compound of interest.
Ultrahigh energy fiber-shaped supercapacitors based on porous hollow conductive polymer composite fiber electrodes
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Zhang Xiyue , Yang Kang , Fan Xuliang , Tong Yexiang , Zhang Zishou , Lu Xihong , Mai Kancheng , Ni Qingqing , Zhang Mingqiu , Chen Xudong 
Published: June 2018

Porous, hollow, and conductive composite fibers are developed for fiber-shaped supercapacitors with unprecedented cycling durability and an ultrahigh energy density of 1.55 mW h cm−3.
Informationsverhalten der Südtiroler Bevölkerung zu Gesundheitsfragen – eine epidemiologische Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Vögele Anna , Becker Ulrich , Gögele Anna , Schneider Antonius , Engl Adolf 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erfassung des Informationsverhaltens in Gesundheitsfragen, der subjektiven Gesundheit (self related health), des Vertrauens in gesundheitlichen Dingen, sowie einiger spezifischer Gesundheitseinstellungen der Südtiroler Bevölkerung.
Methodik Es handelt sich um eine epidemiologische Querschnittsstudie, die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels Telefoninterviews. Abgefragt wurde ein zu diesem Zweck erstellter Fragebogen, der verschiedene Aspekte des Informationsverhaltens zu Gesundheitsfragen und des Gesundheitsverhaltens abdeckt. Zur Ausarbeitung der Typologisierung der markantesten Stereotypen zum Informationsverhalten wurde eine hierarchische Clusteranalyse nach Ward durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 504 gültige Interviews geführt und ausgewertet werden. Die Mehrheit der Befragten hält sich für gesundheitsbewusst und bevorzugt heterogene Informationsmedien. Die meistgenutzten Informationsquellen zu gesundheitlichen Themen lassen sich den Massenmedien, also Zeitungen oder Zeitschriften und Fernsehen oder Radio zuordnen, das Internet steht als regelmäßig genutzte Informationsquelle demgegenüber zurück. Jüngere Personen schätzen sich deutlich gesünder ein als Ältere, und ältere Frauen ab 65 Jahren sind die am stärksten von gesundheitlichen Beschwerden beeinträchtigte Bevölkerungsgruppe. In gesundheitlichen Dingen wird dem Hausarzt, dem eigenen Gefühl oder der Erfahrung am meisten vertraut. Die Abgrenzung der markantesten Stereotypen in Sachen Informations- und Gesundheitsverhalten erlaubt eine Unterteilung in „Internetinformations-Eliten“, „robuste Fatalisten“, „Angeschlagene“ und „gesundheitsbewusste Mainstreamer“.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Südtiroler Bevölkerung ein verhältnismäßig hohes Gesundheitsbewusstsein hat und sich mit sehr unterschiedlichen Medien gesundheitsbezogene Informationen generiert. Die Charakterisierung von unterschiedlichen Typologien der Informationsverarbeitung in Kombination mit dem Gesundheitsverhalten weist darauf hin, dass Informationen zu Gesundheit und Krankheit passend zum jeweiligen Typus unterschiedlich adressiert werden sollten.