bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence evolution of multi-pulse pumped super-continuum in multicomponent GeSe2-As2Se3-PbSe chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with four zero-dispersion wavelengths
Authors: Van Le Hieu 
Published: October 2024

The flattened dispersion profile with multiple zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) over an ultra-wide wavelength range can be used to generate rich nonlinear effects, and one of the advantages of its use is the generation of super-continuum (SC). In this work, we proposed a new, to our knowledge, solid hybrid PCF of GeSe2-As2Se3-PbSe chalcogenide to achieve ultra-flat and low dispersion with four ZDWs. By tuning the structural parameters of the fiber, an ultra-flat dispersion between −2.1 and 0.6 ps/nm/km (a variation of 0.75 ps/nm/km) is achieved over a bandwidth of 5077 nm. The presence of four ZDWs results in an ultra-flat and wider bandwidth dispersion profile in comparison with PCFs with one, two, or three ZDWs. An ultra-broadband coherent SC spectrum with a bandwidth of 8107 nm, extending from 2827 to 10934 nm wavelength at a level of 45.6 dB, was generated by injecting an input laser pulse with a pump wavelength of 5.3 µm, a pulse width of 150 fs, and a peak power of 4.5 kW into a 20 cm long fiber in the anomalous dispersion region. Meanwhile, high coherence of the SC spectrum from 3253 to 10850 nm (bandwidth of 7597 nm) wavelength at a level of 19.3 dB can be generated in the normal dispersion region with the same pump power at a pump wavelength of 8.0 µm. The results show that the proposed hybrid PCF has great potential for nonlinear applications in the mid-infrared range.
Stimulated Raman photothermal spectroscopy for gas sensing in a hollow-core optical fiber
Authors: Liao Hanyu , Zhao Yan , Zheng Kaiyuan , Bao Haihong , Jiang Shoulin , Ho Hoi Lut , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Jin Wei 
Published: October 2024

Raman spectroscopy is an essential optical tool for tracing gases that exhibit weak or no infrared absorption. Existing Raman spectroscopic methods are deficient for precision sensing applications due to the extremely low Raman cross-section of gas. Herein, we report an approach, named stimulated Raman photothermal spectroscopy (SRPTS), to indirectly probe stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) via detecting the induced photothermal phase modulation in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber (HCF). Photothermal interferometry enables a linear increase of the SRPTS signal with the product of the pump and Stokes power while maintaining low background noise at the idle probe wavelength. The HCF tightly confines the light beams and the gas sample to significantly enhance both the SRS gain and the photothermal phase modulation efficiency. Preliminary experimentation with a 3.9-m-long HCF demonstrates hydrogen detection with a noise equivalent concentration of 6.8 ppm (parts-per-million) under 100 s averaging time and 6 bar gas pressure, indicating the potential for high-precision gas detection in chemical, medical, and energy industries.
Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale
Authors: Takano Ayumi , Hiraiwa Chiaki , Oikawa Erina , Tomikawa Akiko , Nozawa Kyosuke 
Published: October 2024

Aim
Stigma against people who have alcohol and drug problems severely affects their health and well-being. An instrument based on stigma theory assessing individual-level stigma is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their stigma. We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS-J) among a population who had alcohol or drug use problems.

Methods
Adults with experience in substance use disorders from psychiatry outpatient departments and rehabilitation facilities participated in the self-administered questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the structural validity of the 5-factor model proposed in other language versions, and factor loadings and correlation between the subscales were confirmed. The correlations between the SU-SMS-J and psychometric properties related to substance use (e.g., severity of substance use, motivation to change) were investigated to assess concurrent validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients.

Results
Data from 126 participants were analyzed. The 5-factor model was acceptable with good or reasonable model fit indices. The correlations between subscales were weak to moderate, and this result suggested the SU-SMS-J assessed different but related components of stigma: enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma from different stigma sources (family and healthcare workers). The SU-SMS-J and subscales showed moderate concurrent validity. Internal consistency was mostly sufficient, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.86 for all items and 0.66–0.93 for subscales.

Conclusions
The SU-SMS-J is valid and reliable for use among populations with substance use problems in various settings in Japan.
Moral distress in pediatric nurses: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Liao Huiling , Huang Yuanyuan , Lin Qin , Wang Xin , Li Huimin , Wu Fang , Yang Sha 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Recently, moral distress in pediatric nursing has gained academic attention, yet comprehensive literature reviews on this group are scarce.

Aims
This study aims to offer a detailed overview of moral distress among pediatric nurses, focusing on understanding its characteristics, prevalence, underlying causes, and consequences on the quality of patient care.

Methods
Employing a scoping review approach as recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, this study will systematically search through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases using specific search strategies. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be independently screened by two reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. Relevant data will be extracted, categorized, and subjected to narrative synthesis to draw comprehensive insights.

Conclusion
The anticipated findings of this study will shed light on the nature, frequency, and drivers of moral distress among pediatric nurses, along with its broader implications for healthcare practitioners, organizational practices, and patient care outcomes.
Evidence for stability of cardiac troponin T concentrations measured with a high sensitivity TnT test in serum and lithium heparin plasma after six-year storage at −80 °C and multiple freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Henricks Linda M. , Romijn Fred P.H.T.M. , Cobbaert Christa M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
As high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is making the transition from diagnostic to prognostic use, a long-term stability study of 5th generation hs-cTnT according to EFLM CRESS recommendations was set up for investigation of frozen clinical specimens (two matrices).

Methods
Study samples collected in serum tubes and lithium heparin tubes with gel from patients admitted for suspected minor myocardial damage were measured directly after completion of the study (0 years), and after 3-year and 6-year storage at −80 °C, and recovery of hs-cTnT concentrations after long-term storage (%hs-cTnT concentration compared to 0-year) was calculated. Hs-cTnT changes were also compared to decisive delta changes, such as the ones proposed in the ESC NSTEMI 0 h/1 h algorithm (<3 or >5 ng/L for ruling out and ruling in suspected NSTEMI patients).

Results
Eighty-six patients were included in the study, whereof 28 both lithium heparin plasma and serum samples were collected simultaneously, in others only serum (n=30) or plasma (n=28). Multiple aliquots per patient were made, so that 479 serum and 473 plasma samples were available for analysis. Across the overall hs-cTnT measuring range, median recovery after 6 years was 105.4 % and 106.2 % for serum and plasma, respectively. Based on these decisive delta changes, serum showed consistent results upon long term storage (max 0.8 % of samples above delta threshold of >5 ng/L) as compared to heparin plasma (up to 19.2 % of samples above threshold).

Conclusions
Over 6 years of storage at −80 °C, recovery of hs-cTnT in serum and heparin plasma was similar and within common lot-to-lot variation. Yet, when evaluating absolute delta increments around hs-cTnT clinical decision points, long-term stored sera displayed better clinical performance compared to heparin plasma samples.
Optimization and machinability evaluation for WEDM of austempered ductile iron
Authors: Victor Sharun , Bennet Anand Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wire electrical discharge machining (Wire EDM) is a non-contact CNC machining that removes material from a workpiece with electrical sparks. Optimization of parameters involved in wire EDM is essential for better operational economics and energy usage. The major goal and objective of this research are to assess the machining parameters, like surface roughness Ra, material removal rate MRR, and hardness HV by experimental investigation utilizing the wire cut EDM machine and austempered ductile iron (ADI) as the work material. An artificial neural network (ANN) has been employed to create a prediction model using experimental data. The Aquila optimization approach is then used to obtain the ideal operating parameters. With Aquila optimization, the predicted optimum values for MRR, Ra, and Hardness are 3.529 mm3/min, 1.966 µm, and 367 HV, respectively, when the input parameters are pulse ton 16 µs, pulse-toff time toff 14 µs, servo voltage 50 V, and current 3 A. Finally, SEM and 3D roughness analysis have been carried out to study surface morphology and material removal mechanism.
Double-helix singularity and vortex–antivortex annihilation in space-time helical pulses
Authors: Shi Shuai , Wang Ren , Xiong Minhui , Zhou Qinyu , Wang Bing-Zhong , Shen Yijie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Topological structures reveal the hidden secrets and beauty in nature, such as the double helix in DNA, whilst, the manipulation of which in physical fields, especially in ultrafast structured light, draw booming attention. Here we introduce a new family of spatiotemporal light fields, i.e. helical pulses, carrying sophisticated double-helix singularities in its electromagnetic topological structures. The helical pulses were solved from Maxwell’s equation as chiral extensions of toroidal light pulses but with controlled angular momentum dependence. We unveil that the double helix singularities can maintain their topological invariance during propagation and the field exhibits paired generation and annihilation of vortices and antivortices in ultrafast space-time, so as to be potential information carriers beating previous conventional vortex structured light.
Quality parameters during deep frying of avocado oil and extra-virgin olive oil
Authors: Flores Marcos , Vergara Claudia , Toledo-Aquino Tamar , Ortiz-Viedma Jaime , Barros-Velázquez Jorge 
Published: October 2024

Avocado oil has a good thermal stability. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the behavior when hydrolysis is involved with oxidation processes. This study demonstrated potential for deep frying process of avocado oil. The behavior of cold-pressed olive oil and avocado oil in a domestic frying process with natural potatoes was studied. Both oils were subjected to successive frying cycles and the following chemical properties were analyzed: degree of acidity, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total oxidation (TOTOX) value, polar compounds, total phenolic content, Fourier-transform infrared spectra with attenuated total reflectance, and fatty acid profile. A gradual increase was observed in the degree of acidity, p-anisidine, TOTOX, polar compounds but a decrease in total phenolic content during deep-frying period for both oils. It was determined that avocado oil and olive oil take 10 and 13 days of frying cycles, respectively, to reach the limit value of 25% for polar compounds. It was demonstrated that both vegetable oils are suitable for domestic frying processes, enduring a high number of deep-frying cycles before reaching the limit of polar compounds established by health regulations, despite the generation of oxidation and hydrolysis processes.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF PARTS MADE OF NYLON OBTAINED BY FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING
Authors: Tumarchenko L. , Vyshnepolskyi Y. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose. A comprehensive study of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process parameters influence on the surface roughness of parts.
Research methods. The samples for research were produced by the FDM method on a Profi+midi 3D printer. Slic3rPE software were used for CAD model slicing and G-code preparation. The samples were printed using Nylon filament from the Plexiwire company. Drying of the material before printing was carried out in the ELEKTROTERM electric furnace. The 171621 profilometer was used to determine the roughness of the samples. The STATISTICA software package was used for statistical processing of the results.
Results. The influence of different combinations of FDM process parameters on the surface roughness of parts was examined. Surface roughness was found to be most influenced by the following interactions: printing speed and bed temperature, layer height and infill density, layer height and printing speed, layer height and extrusion multiplier, extrusion multiplier and number of shells and layer height and number of solid top and bottom layers . In addition, the following factors separately affect the roughness: infill density, infill pattern, extrusion multiplier and extrusion temperature.
Scientific novelty. A rational combination of FDM process parameters has been determined at which the minimum surface roughness is achieved. Thus, it was determined that the roughness has a lower value at a rectilinear infill pattern, and at a infill density of 25 %, an extrusion multiplier of 0.9, an extruder temperature of 265 °C, a printing speed of 40 mm/s, a layer height of 0.15 mm, a number of solid layers of 2 and a platform temperature of 100 °C, the roughness value decreases. If the bed temperature and printing speed are increased, the roughness value will increase, as will the layer height and infill density. Increasing the extrusion multiplier or decreasing the extruder temperature have a negative impact on the surface roughness. All other parameters had almost no effect on surface roughness.
Practical value. The results of the study make it possible to predict and improve the quality of nylon parts produced by FDM due to establishing optimal process conditions.
Crustal Heterogeneity of the Bhutan Himalaya: Insights from PgQ Tomography
Authors: Bose Shirish , Singh Chandrani , Sarkar Sukanta , Dutta Abhisek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present the results of a seismic investigation conducted in Bhutan using data from the Geodynamics and Seismic Structure of the Eastern Himalaya Region broadband network, focusing on variations in crustal structure and seismic attenuation properties. Through analysis of seismic data from 56 events recorded between 2013 and 2014, with magnitudes exceeding 4.5 and depths shallower than 50 km, we examined 1 Hz PgQ (Q0)-values among multiple station pairs using the two-station method. Our findings reveal significant disparities in PgQ0-values across Bhutan. The western region exhibits low PgQ0 values, indicating high seismic attenuation, whereas the central region shows medium-to-high PgQ0 values, suggesting lower attenuation. Notably, these results are consistent with the geometry of the Moho, providing valuable insights into crustal geometry and rheology. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Bhutan’s complex crustal structure, offering insights into crustal properties and seismic attenuation mechanisms in this geologically significant region.
Investigating Sampling Bias in Seismological Research Through Secondary Variable: Insights from VS30 Datasets of Mainland China, Japan, Türkiye, and Taiwan
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Li , Li Xiaojun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sampling bias is an inevitable issue in seismological research, especially in collecting seismic site condition data due to operational constraints. It impacts data representativeness and subsequent model performance. Previous researches give insufficient consideration to this issue. Some researches worked on raw data directly. Some others used conventional declustering methods that rely on data spatial distribution and proved to be ineffective. This study investigates sampling bias in seismological research by employing a debiasing method that incorporates secondary variables, focusing on VS30 datasets from mainland China, Japan, Türkiye, and Taiwan. Quantifying analysis showed that, when considering topographic slope as the secondary variable, the sampling biases in the mainland China and Taiwan dataset are more pronounced. When examining the secondary variable of geology age, the sampling biases in the Japan and Türkiye datasets that are not readily discernible through visual inspection of spatial distributions become apparent. By investigating the sampling bias of the Türkiye and mainland China dataset using semivariogram as the secondary variable, this study reveals hidden bias within the Türkiye dataset, despite its well-distributed appearance. This finding further illustrates the limitations of relying solely on spatial distribution to detect sampling bias. In addition, the study examined the impact of sampling bias on resulting models. The topographic slope-based VS30 proxy models of debiased data in the four regions demonstrate significant effects of debiasing on modeling outcomes. Notably, the debiased models exhibit a homogenized trend comparing to original models in the low topographic slope range, indicating the possibility of a globally consistent relationship.
Effect of Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid on Peripartum Changes in Hemoglobin Concentration After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Omoronyia Ezukwa E , Ekuma Moses I , Eyong Edu , Abeshi Sylvester E , Akpan Ubong B 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on postpartum hemoglobin concentration values compared to control. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study involving 80 parturients with no apparent risk for PPH in a tertiary hospital who were grouped into two of 40 each. Group A received 10iu of oxytocin intramuscularly with 1000mg of intravenous tranexamic acid within one minute of having vaginal delivery of the baby while group B received intramuscular oxytocin 10iu with 10mls of sterile water and served as the control group. The primary outcome measure was the difference in admission and postpartum hemoglobin concentration (Hemoglobin change). Result: During the study period, 80 parturients that were recruited, completed the study. The characteristics of the parturients in the two groups had no significant statistical difference in their demographic characteristics and admission parameters (P>0.05). The mean postpartum hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the tranexamic acid plus oxytocin group compared to placebo plus oxytocin group (10.28+ 0.59ml) versus (9.44+0.62ml) p<0.005. There was no major maternal side effect in both groups. Conclusion: When compared with placebo plus oxytocin, tranexamic acid plus oxytocin was more effective in reducing postpartum hemoglobin drop after vaginal delivery. Tranexamic acid plus oxytocin is therefore recommended to be part of the active management of the third stage of labor.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Hospital with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Al-Saleh Anoud , Hassouneh Dana , Dhaydel Sara , Faqeer Nour 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high risk of complications in cancer patients. Few studies evaluated hospitalized cancer patients with CAP. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients admitted with CAP. Methods: A retrospective study that included patients admitted to King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan with the diagnosis of CAP (January 2021-August 2022). CAP was defined based on the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines criteria. Patients' characteristics, microbiological cultures, length of hospital stay, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), and all-cause mortality were recorded. We also assessed early clinical stability, defined as temperature ≤37.8°C, heart rate ≤100/min, respiratory rate ≤24/min, systolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg, and oxygen saturation ≥90% at room air on the third day of admission. Results: We evaluated 632 cancer patients admitted with CAP. The mean age was 60 (±13.9 SD) years; 55% were males, breast cancer was the most prevalent malignancy (23%) and 49% had received cancer-related treatment within 2 months. Positive blood and sputum cultures were detected in 12% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Early clinical stability was achieved in 49% of the patients, and 89% were discharged home after a median of 6 days (range: 1-48) in the hospital. Among the included patients, 3% required ICU transfer and 11% died. Conclusions: Early clinical stability was achieved in about half the patients and the majority were discharged home. Future research should be conducted to identify interventions to improve clinical outcomes of CAP in cancer patients.
Railway Track Faults Detection Using Ensemble Deep Transfer Learning Models
Authors: Almadani Ali , Mahale Vivek , Gaikwad Ashok T. 
Published: October 2024

Railway track fault detection is an essential task for ensuring the safety and reliability of railway systems, particularly in the summer and rainy seasons when train wheels may slide due to fractures in the track or corrosion may cause track fractures. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the automated detection of railway track faults using deep transfer learning models. The proposed method combines image processing techniques and the training of three pretrained models: InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, and VGG16, on a dataset of railway track images. We evaluated the performance of our proposed method by measuring its accuracy on a test set of railway track images. The individual training accuracies for InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, and VGG16 were 94.30%, 96.79%, and 94.64%, respectively. We then combined these models using an ensemble approach, which achieved an impressive accuracy of 98.57% on the test set. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of using deep ensemble transfer learning for railway track fault detection. Moreover, our proposed method can be used as a valuable tool for railway track maintenance and monitoring, which can ultimately lead to the improvement of the safety and reliability of railway systems.
our proposed approach for railway track fault detection using ensemble deep transfer learning models shows promising results, indicating that it has great potential for detecting track faults accurately and efficiently. The proposed method can be used in various railway systems worldwide, ultimately leading to improved safety and reliability for passengers and cargo transportation.