bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern associated leukemia immunophenotypes and measurable disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome with mutated NPM1
Authors: Zhou Yi , Moon Andres , Hoyle Eric , Fromm Jonathan R. , Chen Xueyan , Soma Lori , Salipante Stephen J. , Wood Brent L. , Wu David 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe presence of measurable residual disease after therapy is a significant risk factor of relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). By detecting cells with leukemia‐associated immunophenotype (LAIP), multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) can detect residual leukemia at a level significantly lower than that detected by morphology. However, changes in LAIPs during or after therapy may pose a challenge to MRD testing. AML with mutated NPM1 represents the largest subtype of AML sharing a common leukemogenic mechanism and similar LAIPs. Here, we identified a common pattern of LAIPs in myeloid blasts with mutated NPM1, and studied its stability and limit of detection after therapy.MethodsWe summarized aberrancies of leukemic blasts with mutated NPM1 at diagnosis in 61 patients and paired relapse in 25 patients. In addition, we examined the detection of leukemic blasts in 590 specimens collected from 152 patients in complete remission after induction for AML/MDS‐EB with mutated NPM1.ResultsOur findings demonstrate myeloid blasts with mutated NPM1 have a characteristic pattern of LAIPs that is present in nearly all cases of AML/MDS‐EB with mutated NPM1 at initial diagnosis and relapse, regardless of morphologic variations, FLT3 ITD status, or karyotype abnormality. The myeloid blasts with mutated NPM1 can be detected at an approximate level of 0.1% of total leukocytes in morphologic remission with high specificity validated by clinical outcome.ConclusionThe characteristic pattern of LAIPs of myeloid blasts with mutated NPM1 is common and stable, and allows sensitive and specific detection of AML or MDS with mutated NPM1 after therapy. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Muscle‐induced loading as an important source of variation in craniofacial skeletal shape
Authors: Conith Andrew J. , Lam Daniel T. , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe shape of the craniofacial skeleton is constantly changing through ontogeny and reflects a balance between developmental patterning and mechanical‐load‐induced remodeling. Muscles are a major contributor to producing the mechanical environment that is crucial for “normal” skull development. Here, we use an F5hybrid population of Lake Malawi cichlids to characterize the strength and types of associations between craniofacial bones and muscles. We focus on four bones/bone complexes, with different developmental origins, alongside four muscles with distinct functions. We used micro‐computed tomography to extract 3D information on bones and muscles. 3D geometric morphometrics and volumetric measurements were used to characterize bone and muscle shape, respectively. Linear regressions were performed to test for associations between bone shape and muscle volume. We identified three types of associations between muscles and bones: weak, strong direct (i.e., muscles insert directly onto bone), and strong indirect (i.e., bone is influenced by muscles without a direct connection). In addition, we show that although the shape of some bones is relatively robust to muscle‐induced mechanical stimulus, others appear to be highly sensitive to muscular input. Our results imply that the roles for muscular input on skeletal shape extend beyond specific points of origin or insertion and hold significant potential to influence broader patterns of craniofacial geometry. Thus, changes in the loading environment, either as a normal course of ontogeny or if an organism is exposed to a novel environment, may have pronounced effects on skeletal shape via near and far‐ranging effects of muscular loading.
Genetic diversity in fishes is influenced by habitat type and life‐history variation
Authors: Martinez Alexander S. , Willoughby Janna R. , Christie Mark R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPopulations of fishes are increasingly threatened by over‐exploitation, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. In order to better understand the factors that can explain the amount of genetic diversity in wild populations of fishes, we collected estimates of genetic diversity (mean heterozygosity and mean rarefied number of alleles per locus) along with habitat associations, conservation status, and life‐history information for 463 fish species. We ran a series of phylogenetic generalized least squares models to determine which factors influence genetic diversity in fishes after accounting for shared evolutionary history among related taxa. We found that marine fishes had significantly higher genetic diversity than freshwater fishes with marine fishes averaging 11.3 more alleles per locus than their freshwater counterparts. However, contrary to our expectations, genetic diversity was not found to be lower in threatened versus not‐threatened fishes. Finally, we found that both age at maturity and fecundity were negatively related to genetic variation in both marine and freshwater fishes. Our results demonstrate that both life‐history characteristics and habitat play a role in shaping patterns of genetic diversity in fishes and should be considered when prioritizing species for conservation.
Population genetics and evolutionary history of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sandamal Salinda , Tennakoon Asanka , Meng Qing‐Lin , Marambe Buddhi , Ratnasekera Disna , Melo Arthur , Ge Song 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGenetic diversity and population genetic structure of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara in Sri Lanka were studied using 33 microsatellite markers. A total of 315 individuals of 11 natural populations collected from the wet, intermediate, and dry zones of the country were used in the study. We found a moderate to high level of genetic diversity at the population level, with the polymorphic loci (P) ranging from 60.6% to 100% (average 81.8%) and the expected heterozygosity (HE) varying from 0.294 to 0.481 (average 0.369). A significant genetic differentiation between species and strong genetic structure within species were also observed. Based on species distribution modeling, we detected the dynamics of the preferred habitats for the two species in Sri Lanka and demonstrated that both O. rufipogon and O. nivara populations have expanded substantially since the last internal glacial. In addition, we showed that the geographical distribution of the two species corresponded to the climate zones and identified a few of key environmental variables that contribute to the distribution of the two species, implying the potential mechanism for ecological adaptation of these two species in Sri Lanka. These studies provided important insights into the population genetics and evolution of these wild species in Sri Lanka and are of great significance to the in situ conservation and utilization of these wild resources in genetic improvement of rice.
Indirect effects of a large mammalian herbivore on small mammal populations: Context‐dependent variation across habitat types, mammal species, and seasons
Authors: Ellis Taylor D. , Cushman J. Hall 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple consumer species frequently co‐occur in the same landscape and, through effects on surrounding environments, can interact in direct and indirect ways. These interactions can vary in occurrence and importance, and focusing on this variation is critical for understanding the dynamics of interactions among consumers. Large mammalian herbivores are important engineers of ecosystems worldwide, have substantial impacts on vegetation, and can indirectly affect small‐mammal populations. However, the degree to which such indirect effects vary within the same system has received minimal attention. We used a 16‐year‐old exclosure experiment, stratified across a heterogeneous landscape, to evaluate the importance of context‐dependent interactions between tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) and small mammals (deer mice [Peromyscus maniculatus], meadow voles [Microtus californicus], and harvest mice [Reithrodontymys megalotis]) in a coastal grassland in California. Effects of elk on voles varied among habitats and seasons: In open grasslands, elk reduced vole numbers during fall 2013 but not summer 2014; in Lupinus‐dominated grasslands, elk reduced vole numbers during summer 2014 but not fall 2013; and in Baccharis‐dominated grasslands, elk had no effect on vole numbers in either season. Effects of elk on the two mice species also varied among habitats and seasons, but often in different ways from voles and each other. In fall 2013, elk decreased mice abundances in Lupinus‐dominated grasslands, but not in Baccharis‐dominated or open grasslands. In summer 2014, elk decreased the abundance of harvest mice consistently across habitat types. In contrast, elk increased deer‐mice numbers in open grasslands but not other habitats. Within the same heterogenous study system, the influence of elk on small mammals was strongly context‐dependent, varying among habitats, mammal species, and seasons. We hypothesize that such variability is common in nature and that failure to consider it may yield inaccurate findings and limit our understanding of interactions among co‐occurring consumers.
Interspecific transfer of parasites following a range‐shift in Ficedula flycatchers
Authors: Jones William , Kulma Katarzyna , Bensch Staffan , Cichoń Mariusz , Kerimov Anvar , Krist Miloš , Laaksonen Toni , Moreno Juan , Munclinger Pavel , Slater Fred M. , Szöllősi Eszter , Visser Marcel E. , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman‐induced climate change is expected to cause major biotic changes in species distributions and thereby including escalation of novel host‐parasite associations. Closely related host species that come into secondary contact are especially likely to exchange parasites and pathogens. Both the Enemy Release Hypothesis (where invading hosts escape their original parasites) and the Novel Weapon Hypothesis (where invading hosts bring new parasites that have detrimental effects on native hosts) predict that the local host will be most likely to experience a disadvantage. However, few studies evaluate the occurrence of interspecific parasite transfer by performing wide‐scale geographic sampling of pathogen lineages, both within and far from host contact zones. In this study, we investigate how haemosporidian (avian malaria) prevalence and lineage diversity vary in two, closely related species of passerine birds; the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and the collared flycatcher F. albicollis in both allopatry and sympatry. We find that host species is generally a better predictor of parasite diversity than location, but both prevalence and diversity of parasites vary widely among populations of the same bird species. We also find a limited and unidirectional transfer of parasites from pied flycatchers to collared flycatchers in a recent contact zone. This study therefore rejects both the Enemy Release Hypothesis and the Novel Weapon Hypothesis and highlights the complexity and importance of studying host‐parasite relationships in an era of global climate change and species range shifts.
Time and ecological resilience: can diurnal animals compensate for climate change by shifting to nocturnal activity?
Authors: Levy Ofir , Dayan Tamar , Porter Warren P. , Kronfeld‐Schor Noga 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConsiderable research is aimed at developing predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change, focusing on the spatial scale, such as range shifts and contractions, as well as activity restrictions to shaded microhabitats. On the other hand, the ability of species to shift their activity times during the diel cycle, and consequently to alter the environment in which activity occurs, has been largely neglected. Daily activity patterns are perceived as fairly fixed; however, natural changes in activity patterns have been reported in increasing numbers of species. Here, we present a framework that explores how shifts in activity patterns may buffer impacts of climate change. To demonstrate our framework, we simulated costs of activity of diurnal and nocturnal rodents and showed that future summers may decrease the energetic demands of nocturnal mammals while increasing water demands of diurnal mammals. Climate projections suggest that vegetation cover and water availability will decrease under future climate scenarios, especially in areas where water demands are expected to increase the most. These changes are expected to limit the ability of diurnal animals to restrict activity to shaded microhabitats and to keep a positive water balance. Our analysis shows that by shifting to nocturnality, diurnal mammals may mitigate the high water costs of future summers. We suggest that future research should explore the role of the diel time axis as an ecological resource when predicting the impacts of climate change.
Spatiotemporal variability of fire regimes in adjacent Native American and public forests, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Azpeleta Tarancón Alicia , Fulé Peter Z. , Sánchez Meador Andrew J. , Kim Yeon‐Su , Padilla Thora 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStatistical descriptions of reconstructed fire regimes are often extrapolated from a composite of small forest stands to represent extensive geographical areas. However, statistical properties of fire regimes are scale‐dependent, thus causing some extrapolations from fine scale to coarse scale and comparisons between fire‐scar‐based reconstructions to be inappropriate. We assessed landscape fire regimes of the Sacramento Mountains, in southern New Mexico, using dendrochronological methods and a variety of fire statistics and analysis filters. We reconstructed historical and recent fire regimes for the Mescalero Apache Tribal Lands (MATL) at tree and site scale (25 ha). We then estimated the Sacramento Mountains historical and recent fire regimes by combining paleo fire data from this study with published data from the adjacent Lincoln National Forest (LNF). We applied filters to provide fire statistics that are relatively unbiased to the different spatial measurement extent of the studies. This is the first study to assess fire regime in the MATL over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The results show that frequent surface fires occurred at all scales in the Sacramento Mountains until fire was excluded from the landscape in the early 1900s. Historical fires were found to be synchronous with drought years, typically La Niña events, and often preceded by wet years. We did not find evidence supporting differences in fire regimes between the MATL and the LNF, suggesting that fire cessation following intensive Euro‐American settlement was widespread. The interruption of frequent surface fires, together with other changes in forest structure and climate, pose a significant threat to sustainability of forest ecosystems on Native American tribal lands.
Psychometric properties of the “Autonomous and Controlled Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire” in women with eating disorders
Authors: Sansfaçon Jeanne , Fletcher Émilie , Zuroff David C. , Schmitz Norbert , Miller Alexia , Israel Mimi , Steiger Howard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the Autonomous and Controlled Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (ACMTQ) for use in women with an eating disorder (ED).MethodData were available for 463 individuals. We assessed factor structure, internal reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent/divergent validity, and incremental predictive validity.ResultsOur data showed acceptable fit to our hypothesized model (comparative fit index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.09, standardized root mean square residual = 0.09). We found test–retest reliability of 0.73 for both the autonomous (α = 0.85) and controlled (α = 0.80) subscales. Autonomous scores were more strongly associated with motivation measures (β = 0.37; 0.46) than with ED severity measures (β = −0.10; −0.18). Associations between autonomous motivation and symptom improvement over time supported predictive validity. Controlled motivation was associated with lower motivation (β = 0.02; −0.31) and with higher ED severity (β = 0.12; 0.47).ConclusionOur results suggest that the ACMTQ is valid for use in women with EDs and lend support to the validity of findings from previous ED studies that have used the ACMTQ.
Anchored Graphical Representations: A Graphical Alternative to Traditional Just Qualified Candidate Descriptors for Licensure Tests
Authors: Kannan Priya , Tannenbaum Richard J. , Hebert Delano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA well‐constructed just qualified candidate (JQC) description is needed to arrive at a reasonable passing score for licensure tests. Traditionally, such descriptions consist of a list of knowledge and skill statements without sufficient context to internalize its intended meaning, allowing the standard‐setting panelists to make idiosyncratic interpretations. In a series of studies, we evaluated an alternative JQC description called anchored graphical representation (AGR). AGRs are intended to provide both text and visual organizers by each tested domain to contextualize the meaning of the JQC. In Study 1, 22 mathematics educators participated in a mock standard‐setting study and were randomly assigned to conditions in which they used either the AGR‐based or the text‐based definitions in making standard‐setting judgments. In Study 2, 17 social studies educators were randomly assigned to either the AGR‐based or text‐based condition. While the overall passing score did not noticeably vary between the conditions, consistent with our expectations, results from both studies showed that the domain passing scores for the AGR groups reflected the relative importance of each test domain for the JQC and that the inter‐panelist variability was smaller for the AGR groups. Collectively, our results indicate that use of the AGR resulted in standard‐setting ratings that were more aligned with the panelists' differential expectations of JQCs' performance for each domain, and the results add to the procedural validity evidence supporting the reasonableness of standard‐setting recommendations.
Association of whole grain, refined grain, and cereal consumption with gastric cancer risk: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Xu Yujie , Yang Jie , Du Liang , Li Ka , Zhou Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany studies have analyzed the relationship between cereal, whole, or refined grain and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and have yielded mixed results. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis of observational studies to summarize the available evidence on this topic. Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies focusing on these associations from inception to October 2017. Summary odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using either a random‐ or fixed‐effect model according to the between‐studies heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was also performed. In total, eleven studies that included 530,176 participants were identified. In a pooled analysis of all studies, cereal exposure was not associated with GC risk (OR, 1.11, 95%CI, 0.85–1.36). Specific analyses indicated that whole grain consumption was associated with decreased GC risk (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.40–0.83) and that refined grain consumption was associated with increased GC risk (OR, 1.65, 95%CI, 1.36–1.94). Higher whole grain and lower refined grain intake but not cereal consumption reduces GC risk. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03419663).
Microglia shape presynaptic properties at developing glutamatergic synapses
Authors: Basilico Bernadette , Pagani Francesca , Grimaldi Alfonso , Cortese Barbara , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Weinhard Laetitia , Gross Cornelius , Limatola Cristina , Maggi Laura , Ragozzino Davide 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeficient neuron–microglia signaling during brain development is associated with abnormal synaptic maturation. However, the precise impact of deficient microglia function on synaptic maturation and the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Here we report that mice defective in neuron‐to‐microglia signaling via the fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1 KO) show reduced microglial branching and altered motility and develop widespread deficits in glutamatergic neurotransmission. We characterized the functional properties of CA3–CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices from these mice and found that they display altered glutamatergic release probability, maintaining immature properties also at late developmental stages. In particular, CA1 synapses of Cx3cr1 KO show (i) immature AMPA/NMDA ratio across developmental time, displaying a normal NMDA component and a defective AMPA component of EPSC; (ii) defective functional connectivity, as demonstrated by reduced current amplitudes in the input/output curve; and (iii) greater facilitation in the paired pulse ratio (PPR), suggesting decreased release probability. In addition, minimal stimulation experiments revealed that excitatory synapses have normal potency, but an increased number of failures, confirming a deficit in presynaptic release. Consistently, KO mice were characterized by higher number of silent synapses in comparison to WT. The presynaptic deficits were corrected by performing experiments in conditions of high release probability (Ca2+/Mg2+ratio 8), where excitatory synapses showed normal synaptic multiplicity, AMPA/NMDA ratio, and proportion of silent synapses. These results establish that neuron–microglia interactions profoundly influence the functional maturation of excitatory presynaptic function.
Microglial activation occurs late during preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Streit Wolfgang J. , Braak Heiko , Del Tredici Kelly , Leyh Judith , Lier Julia , Khoshbouei Habibeh , Eisenlöffel Christian , Müller Wolf , Bechmann Ingo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by a lengthy preclinical phase during which patients are nonsymptomatic but show pathology in variable manifestations. Whether or not neuroinflammation occurs in such nondemented individuals is unknown. We evaluated the medial temporal lobe of 66 nondemented subjects, aged 42–93, in terms of tau pathology, Aβ deposition, and microglial activation. We show that 100% of subjects had neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD), 35% had Aβ deposits, and 8% revealed microglial activation in individuals where early amyloid formation was apparent by Congo Red staining. Amyloid‐induced neuroinflammatory clusters of Iba1, CD68, and ferritin‐positive microglia were evident in the immediate vicinity of aggregated Aβ. Microglia in the adjacent neuropil were nonactivated. Thus, neuroinflammation in AD represents a highly localized phagocyte reaction, essentially a foreign body response, geared toward removal of insoluble Aβ. Because clustered microglia in some amyloid plaques were dystrophic and ferritin‐positive, we hypothesize that these cells were exhausted by their attempts to remove the aggregated, insoluble Aβ. Our findings show that the sequence of pathologic events in AD begins with tau pathology, followed by Aβ deposition, and then by microglial activation. Because only 8% of our subjects revealed all three hallmark pathologic features, we propose that these nondemented individuals were near the threshold of transitioning from nonsymptomatic to symptomatic disease. The onset of neuroinflammation in AD may thus represent a tipping point in AD pathogenesis. Our study suggests that the role of microglia in AD pathogenesis entails primarily the attempted removal of potentially toxic, extracellular material.