bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining spinal mobility, aerobic capacity and functional movement in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a case-control study
Authors: Özyurt Fatih , Aksoy Cihan Caner , Özkaya Murat 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims The increasing cost and incidence of non-specific chronic low back pain means that many physiotherapists are reconsidering the management of this condition. The primary aim of this study was to examine spinal mobility, aerobic capacity and functional movement screen in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. The secondary aim was to determine the factors affecting the disability level. Methods Participants aged between 18–65 years old diagnosed with non-specific chronic low back pain for >3 months were recruited as a study group, while those without low back pain in the last 3 months were the control group. Outcome measures included the Functional Movement Screen for functional movement, the 2-Minute Step Test for aerobic capacity, the Spinal Mouse for spinal mobility and Oswestry Disability Index for disability level. Results A total of 60 participants, 30 people with non-specific chronic low back pain (42.7 ± 10.6 years) and 30 people without low back pain (42.0 ± 7.3 years), were included in this study. There were statistically significant differences in the total sagittal plane angle (P<0.001), total frontal plane angle (P=0.03), 2-Minute Step Test (P<0.001) and Functional Movement Screen (P<0.001) scores between groups. Pain and aerobic capacity explained 42.4% of the variance as determinants of disability in the study group. Conclusions In people with non-specific chronic low back pain, sagittal and frontal plane range of motion and aerobic capacity were decreased and their functional movements were impaired. Pain intensity and aerobic capacity affect the disability level of non-specific chronic low back pain. Implications for practice People with non-specific chronic low back pain have reduced spinal mobility, aerobic capacity and functional movement. These parameters should be included when determining treatment programmes. At the same time, the level of disability can be reduced by decreasing pain intensity and increasing aerobic capacity of people with low back pain.
Sensitivity improvement of the closed-loop resonant fiber-optic gyroscope interrogated with a broadband source
Authors: Hu Junyi , Liu Shuang , Li Binjie , Ma Huilian 
Published: October 2024

The resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (RFOG), interrogated with a broadband light source, represents an intriguing optical gyroscope that has been proposed as an extension of the traditional RFOG, which is driven by a narrow linewidth laser source. The implementation of a closed-loop detection system enhances the linearity and dynamic range of the gyroscope output. This paper is devoted to improving the sensitivity of the closed-loop broadband source-driven RFOG. First, a model for analysis and optimization of the feedback loop gain of a closed-loop broadband source-driven resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (RFOG) is developed, and the feedback loop gain is optimized. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the feedback loop noise on the gyro performance can be neglected. Subsequently, the noise contributions, including the shot noise, detector noise, and relative intensity noise, in the broadband source-driven RFOG system are investigated. A theoretical derivation and experimental verification of an expression for the reduction of the relative intensity noise by a fiber-optic ring resonator are presented. Finally, a packaged broadband source-driven RFOG prototype using a 175 m long fiber coil with an average diameter of 5.7 cm was constructed and evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype achieves navigation-grade precision with an angular random walk of 0.003∘/h1/2 and a bias instability of 0.005°/h.
Prediction of fellow eye neovascularization in type 3 macular neovascularization (Retinal angiomatous proliferation) using deep learning
Authors: Yoon Won Tae , Lee Seong Jae , Jeong Jae Hee , Kim Jae Hui 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To establish a deep learning artificial intelligence model to predict the risk of long-term fellow eye neovascularization in unilateral type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV).

Methods
This retrospective study included 217 patients (199 in the training/validation of the AI model and 18 in the testing set) with a diagnosis of unilateral type 3 MNV. The purpose of the AI model was to predict fellow eye neovascularization within 24 months after the initial diagnosis. The data used to train the AI model included a baseline fundus image and horizontal/vertical cross-hair scan optical coherence tomography images in the fellow eye. The neural network of this study for AI-learning was based on the visual geometry group with modification. The precision, recall, accuracy, and the area under the curve values of receiver operating characteristics (AUCROC) were calculated for the AI model. The accuracy of an experienced (examiner 1) and less experienced (examiner 2) human examiner was also evaluated.

Results
The incidence of fellow eye neovascularization over 24 months was 28.6% in the training/validation set and 38.9% in the testing set (P = 0.361). In the AI model, precision was 0.562, recall was 0.714, accuracy was 0.667, and the AUCROC was 0.675. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.429, 0.727, and 0.611, respectively, for examiner 1, and 0.143, 0.636, and 0.444, respectively, for examiner 2.

Conclusions
This is the first AI study focusing on the clinical course of type 3 MNV. While our AI model exhibited accuracy comparable to that of human examiners, overall accuracy was not high. This may partly be a result of the relatively small number of patients used for AI training, suggesting the need for future multi-center studies to improve the accuracy of the model.
Exploring the photosensitizing potential of Nanoliposome Loaded Improved Toluidine Blue O (NLITBO) Against Streptococcus mutans: An in-vitro feasibility study
Authors: Panda Swagatika , Rout Lipsa , Mohanty Neeta , Satpathy Anurag , Sankar Satapathy Bhabani , Rath Shakti , Gopinath Divya 
Published: October 2024

Background
Streptococcus mutans is a major contributor to dental caries due to its ability to produce acid and survive in biofilms. Microbial resistance towards common antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine and triclosan has shifted the research towards antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this context, Toluidine Blue O (TBO) is being explored for its photosensitizing properties against Streptococcus mutans. There is a huge variation in the effective concentration of TBO among the current studies owing to the differences in source of and delivery system TBO as well as the time, power and energy densities of light.

Objective
The primary objectives of this study are to encapsulate improved Toluidine Blue O (ITBO) in nanoliposomes (NLITBO), characterize it, and evaluate its antibacterial photosensitizing potential against Streptococcus mutans suspensions in vitro.

Method
ITBO was synthesised as per Indian patent (number -543908). NLITBO was prepared using the thin-film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering experiment determined the vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Surface features were characterized by Scanning and Transmission Electron microscopy. ITBO release from NLITBO was assessed using the extrapolation method. The antibacterial activity of the NLITBO was determined by evaluating the zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the Streptococcus mutans culture and comparing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NLITBO as a photosensitizer with red light (wavelength 650nm, power density 0.1 W/cm2, energy density 9–9.1 J/ cm2, 90seconds time) was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans cells by colorimetric method in 96 well plate.

Results
Percentage drug loading, loading efficiency, yield percentage, vesicle size, PDI, Zeta potential of NLTBO was reported as 9.3±0.4%, 84.4±7.6%, 73.5%, 123.52 nm, 0.57, -39.54mV respectively. Clusters of uni-lamellar nanovesicles with smooth non-perforated surfaces were observed in SEM and TEM. The size of the vesicle was within 100 nm. At 24 hours, a cumulative 79.81% of ITBO was released from NLITBO. Mean ZOI and MIC of NLITBO (1 μg /ml) were found to be 0.7±0.2 mm, 0.6μg/ml respectively.

Conclusion
We have synthesized and encapsulated improved Toluidine Blue O (ITBO) in nanoliposomes (NLITBO) and thoroughly characterized the formulation. The antibacterial efficacy of NLITBO without light was demonstrated by ZOI which is similar to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. MIC of NLITBO as a photosensitiser along with the optimal light parameter was also proposed in this study. These findings suggested that NLITBO could serve as an effective alternative to conventional antibacterial treatments in managing Streptococcus mutans rich biofilms. It can have potential pharmaceutical application in oral health care.
Network determinants of relationship influence on HIV prevention decision-making among people in the social networks of women who have experienced incarceration in the US
Authors: Knittel Andrea K. , Varela Gabriel , Ferguson Ella G. , Hulshult Hannah , Jackson Jamie B. , Moody James , Adimora Adaora A. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Many cisgender women in the US who have experienced incarceration are at substantial risk for HIV acquisition after they return to the community. Various network interventions have been leveraged for HIV prevention in this population. The objective of this study was to identify network and relationship determinants of influence on HIV prevention decisions, including PrEP.

Methods
We conducted interviews with a network mapping exercise with participants recruited from the social and sexual networks of women who had experienced incarceration. Participants enumerated important individuals in their lives from the past six months and provided demographic and relationship data as well as whether each relationship influenced their HIV prevention decisions. We abstracted network data from the interview transcripts and described the data set using descriptive statistics and network density graphs. To measure associations between characteristics at each level and whether a relationship was considered influential regarding PrEP decision-making, we use multiple logistic regression with random intercepts for each respondent.

Results
We interviewed 32 participants, average age 33.5 years (SD = 8.98), majority female (n = 28, 87.5%), white (n = 23, 71.8%), heterosexual/straight (n = 25, 78.1%), and with a personal history of incarceration (n = 29, 90%). They reported 253 relationships (119 family, 116 friend, 18 sexual relationships). Most adult network members had used drugs or alcohol (n = 182, 80.9%), and of those, 30.8% had used them with the participant (n = 53). The mean network size was 7 (SD = 4) and network density was 52.2%. In the full model, significant positive predictors of an influential relationship included participant non-heterosexual identity (OR 27.8), older average age in the network (OR 3.9 per standard deviation), and being a current or prior sexual partner (OR 10.1). Significant negative predictors included relationships with individuals who use or had used drugs (OR 0.28), longer average relationship duration in the network (OR 0.09) and being in a network with at least one sexual partner (OR 0.2).

Conclusions
There are significant positive and negative determinants of relationship influence related to PrEP at individual-, dyad-, relationship-, and network-levels. These support using nuanced network approaches to behavior change that respect and leverage the diversity of relationships that comprise the social networks of women who have experienced incarceration.
Associations between Life’s Essential 8 and gallstones among US adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Wang Ting , Xie Ruijie , Jiang Cong , Chen Lanyu 
Published: October 2024

Background
Cardiovascular illness and gallstones are closely related. Our goal was to determine whether gallstones and the updated LE8 score, which measures cardiovascular health among US adults, are related.

Methods
3,570 adults participated in the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which provided the data for our study. Based on the criterion provided by the American Association for Cardiovascular Health (AHA), LE8 score (range 0–100) was calculated and classified as low (0–49), moderate (50–79), and high (80–100) cardiovascular health. Gallstones were derived from the questionnaire. Multivariate logistic modeling explored the independent relationship between LE8 score and gallstones.

Results
There was a negative correlation between LE8 score and gallstones. Specifically, the odds of gallstones dropped by 15% for each 10-unit increase in LE8 score (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.94). Smooth curve fitting detected a saturation effect between LE8 score and gallstones, with a minimum threshold of 66.25 points associated with both. There was a noticeably stronger inverse relationship between gallstones and LE8 score in those under 60 years of age and not taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs.

Conclusions
Lower LE8 scores may be a potential risk factor for the development of gallstones and could also be a target for risk assessment and intervention.
Comprehensive Approach to Training English Communicative Competence in Chemistry
Authors: Kenzhe Aziza , Bitemirova Aliya , Ualikhanova Bayan , Bitursyn Saule , Zhorabekova Ainur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The development of foreign language professional communicative competence (FLPCC) is crucial for professionals, considering communicative skills as an integral part of their competence. In Kazakhstan, acquiring a foreign language is a prerequisite for advancing chemistry education, enabling students to access global scientific advancements and exchange knowledge. Content and language-integrated learning (CLIL) stands out as an effective approach for cultivating FLPCC in future chemistry teachers. This study addresses the scarcity of theoretical and practical tools in content-language integrated learning in pedagogical universities. It aims to enhance the training quality for pedagogy bachelor’s degree students studying chemistry in a foreign language. By identifying active teaching forms, methodologies, and approaches in integrated learning, students’ foreign language competence can be successfully developed within the professional domain. A meticulously designed training model and exercises were developed to achieve these goals. The proposed modeling approach was evaluated using the Quasi research method, involving questionnaire data analysis. The results confirm that implementing this approach significantly improves future chemistry professionals’ training quality, enabling confident communication in English within their professional domains and demonstrating well-developed speaking skills. The practical value of this research extends to university educators implementing CLIL practices and researchers studying students’ FLPCC formation.
Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e reestruturação da Atenção Primária à Saúde na pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Corrêa Ana Paula de Vechi , Cano Rodrigo das Neves , Silva Bianca Chel da , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analisar a influência do índice de desenvolvimento humano na reestruturação de serviços da atenção primária à saúde durante a fase crítica da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico e exploratório, realizado com 1.474 gerentes de serviços de municípios brasileiros da atenção primária. Os dados foram coletados no Google Forms e analisados por meio de razões de prevalência, utilizando modelo de regressão de Poisson, com efeito aleatório. Resultados: municípios com baixo índice de desenvolvimento apresentaram maiores prevalências na adoção de medidas de prevenção, diagnóstico, notificação, implementação de protocolos, vigilância ativa e verificação de disponibilidade de leitos em hospital de referência. A orientação de medidas de prevenção e realização de vigilância ativa e continuada foi menor em municípios de índice de desenvolvimento médio quando comparados aos de desenvolvimento alto e muito alto. Já a realização de vigilância ativa e continuada foi maior nos municípios com índice alto quando comparados ao muito alto. Conclusão: evidencia-se que municípios mais pobres apresentaram maior capacidade resiliente de organização para atender à elevada demanda durante a pandemia. Contribuições para a prática: colaborar na formulação de políticas públicas, protocolos e planos de enfrentamento de emergências em saúde pública, considerando os indicadores socioeconômicos.
Умови імпульсного газорозрядного синтезу тонких плівок оксиду вольфраму з плазми на суміші повітря з парами вольфраму
Authors: Грицак Р.В. , Шуаібов О.К. , Миня О.Й. , Малініна А.О. , Шевера І.В. , Білак Ю.Ю. , Гомокі З.Т. 
Published: October 2024

Наведено характеристики високовольтного наносекундного розряду в газопарових сумішах «Air – W» при тисках повітря р = 101;13.3 кПа. Розряд запалювався між електродами з вольфраму. Утворення кластерів оксиду вольфраму в плазмі відбувалось в процесі внесення парів вольфраму в розрядний проміжок за ектонним механізмом, що створювало передумови для синтезу тонких плівок оксиду вольфраму (WO3), які осаджувались на скляній підкладці.
Досліджені оптичні властивості розряду з центральної області проміжку завширшки 2 мм. Виявлено основні компоненти, що викликають збудження у плазмі парогазової суміші на основі вольфраму і повітря. Дослідження спектрів раманівського розсіювання лазерного випромінювання синтезованими в експерименті тонкими плівками показало, що це острівкові плівки оксиду вольфраму (WO3).
Наведено характеристики високовольтного наносекундного розряду в газопарових сумішах «Air – W» при тисках повітря р = 101;13.3 кПа. Розряд запалювався між електродами з вольфраму. Утворення кластерів оксиду вольфраму в плазмі відбувалось в процесі внесення парів вольфраму в розрядний проміжок за ектонним механізмом, що створювало передумови для синтезу тонких плівок оксиду вольфраму (WO3), які осаджувались на скляній підкладці.
Досліджені оптичні властивості розряду з центральної області проміжку завширшки 2 мм. Виявлено основні компоненти, що викликають збудження у плазмі парогазової суміші на основі вольфраму і повітря. Дослідження спектрів раманівського розсіювання лазерного випромінювання синтезованими в експерименті тонкими плівками показало, що це острівкові плівки оксиду вольфраму (WO3).
Conocimiento didáctico del vontenido sobre cambio climático en docentes de educación ambiental de colegios públicos de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Cerquera-Mojocó Yeinson Fernando , Essomba- Gelabert Miquel Ángel 
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de uno de los objetivos propuestos en una investigación doctoral en educación, en el que se buscaba identificar el nivel de Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (pck, por sus iniciales en inglés) sobre cambio climático, en docentes de colegios públicos de Bogotá, pertenecientes al Proyecto Ambiental Escolar (prae). La investigación se enfocó en dos componentes del pck: el conocimiento del contenido (ck, por sus iniciales en inglés) y el Conocimiento de las Dificultades de Aprendizaje en los estudiantes (ksld, por sus iniciales en inglés). Se seleccionaron estos dos componentes, debido a que investigaciones recientes proponen que el ksld es una vía plausible para desarrollar el pck de los maestros a partir de su ck. Se aplicó un cuestionario de ck y uno de ksld a una muestra de 223 docentes y se hizo uso del método correlacional para establecer relaciones entre estos dos componentes.

Los resultados muestran un nivel de desempeño medio en el ck y un desempeño bajo en el ksld, sobre cambio climático. Asimismo, se detectó una correlación positiva moderada entre estos componentes. Se infiere que un ck débil sobre el tema, dificulta el ksld y con ello, plantear estrategias pedagógicas pertinentes, orientadas al aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Esta investigación acude al marco del pck, como vía para impulsar el conocimiento de los docentes que se desempeñan en el campo de la educación ambiental, específicamente en temas complejos que representan enormes desafíos en la actualidad, como lo es el cambio climático.
New Standard on Macro-Particles and Visible Particles in Cleanrooms—ISO 14644-17, Particle deposition rate applications
Authors: Agricola Koos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
ISO TC 209 has developed a series of standards for cleanrooms and associated controlled environments. To date, 19 ISO 14644 and 14698 standards have been published. With respect to particles, the focus has been on airborne particles up to 5 micrometers. In many applications, larger particles--even visible particles--need to be controlled. ISO 14644-17 ‘Particle deposition rate applications’ provides guidance on the control of macroparticles. Background information with a personal view is given. The new standard offers control tools for many industries.
Initial Development of a High-Power Solid-State Solar Simulator
Authors: Felt Wyatt , Marriott Kevin , Griffiths Trenton , Murphy Charlotte , Lembke Bryce , Morris Nathaniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Our team has developed and tested a solid-state solar simulating lamp for use with space simulation vacuum chambers. Unlike traditional lamps, our system uses solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to generate the light. The emission wavelengths of the LEDs can be selected and controlled so that their combined output better approximates the profile of the solar spectrum.
Though our system can accommodate visual or infrared LEDs, we focused our efforts on generating ultraviolet (UV) light in the 265-400 nanometer (nm) range. Compared to deuterium lamps, the LEDs are advantageous because they can be selected and controlled such that the output profile of the lamp better approximates the irradiance of the sun. Deuterium lamps are most intense at 200 nm with their intensity decreasing by more than 90% as the spectrum approaches 400 nm. Light from the sun is of relatively low intensity in the 200-250 nm range, but its intensity increases by more than 2000% from 250 nm to 400 nm.
The modular design of our lamp (Figure 1) allows it to individually control the current to each of 80 strings of LEDs, totaling to 904 individual UV LEDs in a compact, circular pattern designed to shine through an 11.5-inch-diameter chamber window. The light from each LED is collimated using a 6-millimeter-diameter silica ball lens, and the array has a combined nominal optical power output of 90 watts (W). Because UV LEDs are relatively inefficient, creating the 90W of optical power requires 1800W of electrical power. The waste heat from the LEDs is managed by a liquid-cooled plate and external chiller.