bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐inspired Design and Additive Manufacturing of Soft Materials, Machines, Robots, and Haptic Interfaces
Authors: Li Shuo , Bai Hedan , Shepherd Robert F. , Zhao Huichan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft materials possess several distinctive characteristics, such as controllable deformation, infinite degrees of freedom, and self‐assembly, which make them promising candidates for building soft machines, robots, and haptic interfaces. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in these areas, with an emphasis on two specific topics: bio‐inspired design and additive manufacturing. Biology is an abundant source of inspiration for functional materials and systems that mimic the function or mechanism of biological tissues, agents, and behaviors. Additive manufacturing has enabled the fabrication of materials and structures prevalent in biology, thereby leading to more‐capable soft robots and machines. We believe that bio‐inspired design and additive manufacturing have been, and will continue to be, important tools for the design of soft robots.
Low‐pressure plasma surface modification of polyurethane films with chitosan and collagen biomolecules
Authors: Bahrami Narges , Nouri Khorasani Saied , Mahdavi Hamid , Ghiaci Mehran , Mokhtari Reza 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) was synthesized using castor oil and a trade grade of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and then PU films were prepared for wound dressing applications. The PU films were then plasma treated with the low‐pressure nitrogen plasma to functionalize with peroxide and hydroperoxide groups in order to attach with acrylic acid monomers. Therefore, the polyacrylic acid polymer branches were formed on the film surfaces. Carboxylic acid groups were activated by N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride/N‐hydroxysuccinimide and bonded with chitosan and collagen biomolecules. Untreated, nitrogen plasma treated, polyacrylic acid grafted, and finally chitosan and collagen‐immobilized PU films were characterized by several tests. The tests included the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, static contact angle, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fibroblast L929 cell culture, and antibacterial activity assay to evaluate their in vitro cytocompatibility. The results confirmed that chitosan and collagen were immobilized successfully on the PU surfaces. The chitosan‐immobilized PU and collagen‐immobilized PU improved the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells compared to untreated PU films. The chitosan‐modified PU films exhibit the best antibacterial properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47567.
Preparation of silver nanoparticle functionalized polyamide fibers with antimicrobial activity and electrical conductivity
Authors: Jiang Liang , Zhou Yanfen , Guo Ya , Jiang Zhiqing , Chen Shaojuan , Ma Jianwei 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, silver nanoparticle functionalized polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers were prepared using the electroless plating method. The surface of PA6 fibers was modified by exploiting dopamine/CuSO4/H2O2 system prior to electroless plating to enhance the bonding force between the fiber and the silver nanoparticles. It was found that both the formation rate and the chemical stability of polydopamine (PDA) coatings on the PA6 fiber surface were improved by the introduction of CuSO4/H2O2. The results confirmed the successful deposition of silver nanoparticles on PA6 fiber surface and the average particle diameter of 223 nm. Compared with uncoated fibers, the silver plated PA6 fibers exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (with an antimicrobial efficiency of 99.9% and 100%, respectively). The electrical resistance of the silver coated PA6 fibers reached 0.98 Ω over a length of 1 cm, indicating a good electrical conductivity. In particular, coating durability of the formed silver layer was investigated by subjecting the fibers to various mechanical deformations, and the results showed that the formed silver layer was maintained well after 50 times of cyclic stretching at a constant displacement of 10 mm. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47584.
N‐Confused Porphyrin‐aza‐Dipyrrin Chimera: A Versatile Metal Coordination Ligand Using its Unique NH Tautomerism
Authors: Fukuda Masaya , Mori Shigeki , Furuta Hiroyuki , Shimizu Soji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) analogue bearing an external aza‐dipyrrin‐like coordination site was synthesized by a Schiff‐base forming reaction of N‐confused oxoporphyrin and 2‐aminopyridine derivatives. The chimera molecule enhances the intrinsic NH tautomerism of NCP to enable four possible tautomeric structures, three of which were identified by metal coordination.
Influence of psoas muscle area on mortality following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Waduud M A , Wood B , Keleabetswe P , Manning J , Linton E , Drozd M , Hammond C J , Bailey M A , Scott D J A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The effect of sarcopenia based on the total psoas muscle area (TPMA) on CT is inconclusive in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) intervention. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate morphometric sarcopenia as a method of risk stratification in patients undergoing elective AAA intervention.

Methods
TPMA was measured on preintervention CT images of patients undergoing elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) or open aneurysm repair. Mortality was assessed in relation to preintervention TPMA using Cox regression analysis, with calculation of hazard ratios at 30 days, 1 year and 4 years. Postintervention morbidity was evaluated in terms of postintervention care, duration of hospital stay and 30-day readmission. Changes in TPMA on surveillance EVAR imaging were also evaluated.

Results
In total, 382 patient images acquired between March 2008 and December 2016 were analysed. There were no significant intraobserver and interobserver differences in measurements of TPMA. Preintervention TPMA failed to predict morbidity and mortality at all time points. The mean(s.d.) interval between preintervention and surveillance imaging was 361·3(111·2) days. A significant reduction in TPMA was observed in men on surveillance imaging after EVAR (mean reduction 0·63(1·43) cm2 per m2; P &lt; 0·001). However, this was not associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1·00, 95 per cent c.i. 0·99 to 1·01; P = 0·935).

Conclusion
TPMA is not a suitable risk stratification tool for patients undergoing effective intervention for AAA.
Fatal middle cerebral artery aneurysm from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Lin Shan , Wang Yan , Guan Wei 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageAneurysms caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are a rare disease. For such patients, cerebral artery aneurysm is a rare but evenly fatal lesion that is not diagnosed in time; combined antituberculosis treatment and surgical intervention provide the best chance of cure.
A case of atraumatic tetanus developed initially with worsening headache in a woman regularly cared for chronic headache at an outpatient clinic
Authors: Tobinaga Masanobu , Suzuki Yuji , Nakajima Takashi 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe presented a case of atraumatic tetanus developed initially with severe headache. Headache may be a clue to the presence of tetanus. Clinicians who usually treat headache should consider the possibility of tetanus in patients who present with symptoms that are severe and atypical for a given patient.
Interaction of Metal Oxido Compounds with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Zwettler Niklas , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLewis acid–base pair chemistry has been placed on a new level with the discovery that adduct formation between an electron donor (Lewis base) and acceptor (Lewis acid) can be inhibited by the introduction of steric demand, thus preserving the reactivity of both Lewis centers, resulting in highly unusual chemistry. Some of these highly versatile frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) are capable of splitting a variety of small molecules, such as dihydrogen, in a heterolytic and even catalytic manner. This is in sharp contrast to classical reactions where the inert substrate must be activated by a metal‐based catalyst. Very recently, research has emerged combining the two concepts, namely the formation of FLPs in which a metal compound represents the Lewis base, allowing for novel chemistry by using the heterolytic splitting power of both together with the redox reactivity of the metal. Such reactivity is not restricted to the metal center itself being a Lewis acid or base, also ancillary ligands can be used as part of the Lewis pair, still with the benefit of the redox‐active metal center nearby. This Minireview is designed to highlight the novel reactions arising from the combination of metal oxido transition‐metal or rare‐earth‐metal compounds with the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3. It covers a wide area of chemistry including small molecule activation, hydrogenation and hydrosilylation catalysis, and olefin metathesis, substantiating the broad influence of the novel concept. Future goals of this young and exciting area are briefly discussed.
Oblate versus Prolate Electron Density of Lanthanide Ions: A Design Criterion for Engineering Toroidal Moments? A Case Study on {LnIII6} (Ln=Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) Wheels
Authors: Langley Stuart K. , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murray Keith S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report four new complexes based on a {LnIII6} wheel structure, three of which possess a net toroidal magnetic moment. The four examples consist of {TbIII6} and {HoIII6} wheels, which are rare examples of non DyIII based complexes possessing a toroidal magnetic ground state, and a {DyIII6} complex which improves its toroidal structure upon lowering the crystallographic symmetry from trigonal (R
) to triclinic (P
). Notably the toroidal moment is lost for the trigonal {ErIII6} analogue. This suggests the possibility of utilizing the popular concept of oblate and prolate electron density of the ground state MJ levels of lanthanide ions to engineer toroidal moments.
Electron‐Induced Reactions in 3‐Bromopyruvic Acid
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Filipe , do N. Varella Márcio T. , Jones Nykola C. , Vrønning Hoffmann Søren , Denifl Stephan , Bald Ilko , Kopyra Janina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract3‐Bromopyruvic acid (3BP) is a potential anti‐cancer drug, the action of which on cellular metabolism is not yet entirely clear. The presence of a bromine atom suggests that it is also reactive towards low‐energy electrons, which are produced in large quantities during tumour radiation therapy. Detailed knowledge of the interaction of 3BP with secondary electrons is a prerequisite to gain a complete picture of the effects of 3BP in different forms of cancer therapy. Herein, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to 3BP in the gas phase has been studied both experimentally by using a crossed‐beam setup and theoretically through scattering and quantum chemical calculations. These results are complemented by a vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The main fragmentation channel is the formation of Br− close to 0 eV and within several resonant features at 1.9 and 3–8 eV. At low electron energies, Br− formation proceeds through σ* and π* shape resonances, and at higher energies through core‐excited resonances. It is found that the electron‐capture cross‐section is clearly increased compared with that of non‐brominated pyruvic acid, but, at the same time, fragmentation reactions through DEA are significantly altered as well. The 3BP transient negative ion is subject to a lower number of fragmentation reactions than those of pyruvic acid, which indicates that 3BP could indeed act by modifying the electron‐transport chains within oxidative phosphorylation. It could also act as a radio‐sensitiser.
Isolation of Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene–Bismuthinidene Mediated by a Beryllium(0) Complex
Authors: Wang Guocang , Freeman Lucas A. , Dickie Diane A. , Mokrai Réka , Benkő Zoltán , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe long‐sought carbene–bismuthinidene, (CAAC)Bi(Ph), has been synthesized. Notably, this represents both the first example of a carbene‐stabilized subvalent bismuth complex and the extension of the carbene‐pnictinidene concept to a non‐toxic metallic element (Bi). The bonding has been investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and DFT calculations. This report also highlights the hitherto unknown reducing and ligand transfer capability of a beryllium(0) complex.
Change in health‐related quality of life in older women after diagnosis of a small breast cancer
Authors: Euhus David M. , Addae Jamin K. , Snyder Claire F. , Canner Joseph K. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundScreening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality at the cost of frequent false‐positive results that lead to unnecessary medical procedures, and the treatment of indolent breast cancers that would never threaten life or health. Earlier diagnosis generally permits less disruptive treatment, but it is possible that even the diagnosis of a very small breast cancer could significantly adversely impact health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in older women.MethodsThe authors compared changes in HRQOL measured by either the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form (SF‐36) or the Veterans Rand 12‐item Health Survey (VR‐12) between 198 women diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer measuring ≤1 cm and 36,814 matched controls using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry linked with the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey.ResultsThe mean age of the cases and controls was 75 years. The SF‐36/VR‐12 physical component score 12 was found to decrease by 1.6 points between the baseline and follow‐up surveys for the controls compared with 3.2 points for women diagnosed with small breast cancers (P = .016). A 2‐point decline is recognized as the minimally significant difference for this measure. On multivariable analysis, diagnosis of a small breast cancer was found to be one of the strongest predictors of a significant decrease in both the physical and mental domains of HRQOL (P = .012 and P = .023, respectively).ConclusionsReceiving the diagnosis of even a very small breast cancer significantly impacts the physical and mental domains of HRQOL in older women. This finding can inform discussions regarding the relative benefits and costs of screening mammography in older women.
Towards a Scalable Synthesis of 2‐Oxabicyclo[2.2.0]hex‐5‐en‐3‐one Using Flow Photochemistry
Authors: Williams Jason D. , Otake Yuma , Coussanes Guilhem , Saridakis Iakovos , Maulide Nuno , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCyclobutene lactones hold great potential as synthetic building blocks, yet their preparation by photochemical rearrangement in batch can often be a bottleneck in synthetic studies. We report the use of flow photochemistry as a tool to enable a higher‐throughput approach to the synthesis of 2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.0]hex‐5‐en‐3‐one, which reduces reaction times from 24 h to 10 min. Accordingly, a significantly improved throughput of 144 mg/h (vs 14–21 mg/h in batch) was achieved. Scale‐out experiments showed problematic reactor fouling and steps were taken to explore and minimize this effect.
Morphological variation in the anterior cranial fossa
Authors: Kasai Emi , Kondo Shintaro , Kasai Kazutaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe anterior cranial fossa is an important anatomical landmark in clinical orthodontics consisting of the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. The relationships between these bones remain poorly understood. The purposes of the present study were to describe the morphological relationships among the three bones and to discuss the factors contributing to individual variations in adult skulls based on postnatal development. Skulls of 100 Indian adults and 18 Japanese juveniles were observed both macroscopically and using computed tomography images in the median sagittal plane. Three types of relationship were seen among the three bones in adult skulls: (a) a triangular border between ethmoid and sphenoid bones (ethmoid spine), (b) a straight or concave border between ethmoid and sphenoid bones, and (c) frontal bone lying between the ethmoid and sphenoid bones. In the juvenile skull, structures corresponding to those in adults were observed. These three bones comprise the anterior cranial base, each with differing developmental processes, and slight differences in these processes seem to be reflected in the morphological variations seen among adults.
Interoperability in semantic Web of Things: Design issues and solutions
Authors: Silva André Luis Meneses , Pérez‐Alcázar José de Jesús , Kofuji Sergio Takeo 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe significant improvement in processing power, communication, energy consumption, and the size of computational devices has led to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT projects raise many challenges, such as the interoperability between IoT applications because of the high number of sensors, actuators, services, protocols, and data associated with these systems. Semantics solves this problem by using annotations that define the role of each IoT element and reduces the ambiguity of information exchanged between the devices. This work presents SWoTPAD, a semantic framework that helps in the development of IoT projects. The framework is designer oriented and provides a semantic language that is more user‐friendly than OWL‐S and WSML and allows the IoT designer to specify devices, services, environment, and requests. Following this, it makes use of these specifications and maps them for RESTful services. Additionally, it generates an automatic service composition engine that is able to combine services needed to handle complex user requests. We validated this approach with two case studies. The former concerns a residential security system and the latter, the cloud application deployment. The average time required for service discovery and automatic service composition corresponds to 72.9% of the service execution time in the case study 1 and 64.4% in the case study 2.
Energy‐aware dynamic task offloading and collective task execution in mobile cloud computing
Authors: Vankadara Saritha , Dasari Nagaraju 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThere is a good opportunity for enlightening the services of the mobile devices by introducing computational offloading using cloud technology. Offloading is a process for managing the complexity of the mobile environment by migrating computational load to the cloud. The mobile devices oblige the quick response for the offloading requests; it is dependent on network connectivity. The cloud services take long set‐up time irrespective of network connectivity. In this paper, new system architecture for the dynamic task offloading in the mobile cloud environment is proposed. The architecture includes the offloading algorithm that concentrates on energy consumption of the tasks both in the local and remote environment. The proposed algorithm formulates a collective task execution model for minimizing the energy consumption. The architecture concentrates on the network model by considering the task completion time in three different network scenarios. The experimental results show the efficiency of the suggested architecture in reducing the energy consumption and completion time of the tasks.
Cytological features of uterine carcinosarcoma: A retrospective study of 20 cases with an emphasis on the usefulness of endometrial cytology
Authors: Okano Kimiaki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Sandoh Kaori , Mizokami Tomomi , Kita Masato , Okada Hidetaka , Tsuta Koji 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCarcinosarcoma of the endometrium is a relatively rare but aggressive neoplasm. Endometrial cytological features of this type of tumor have been rarely reported. This study aimed to clarify the usefulness of endometrial cytological examination in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinosarcoma.MethodsPatients histopathologically diagnosed with endometrial carcinosarcoma who underwent preoperative endometrial or endocervical cytological examination were enrolled. The endometrial and/or endocervical specimens were conventionally stained with Papanicolaou stain, and the cytological characteristics, including arrangement and shape of the neoplastic cells, and the nuclear and cytoplasmic features were reviewed.ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled in the study. In the endometrial specimens, carcinomatous component was detected in almost all cases (94.4%), including those suspicious of carcinoma despite a small volume of carcinomatous cells. Sarcomatous component was observed in 6 of 18 cases (33.3%) and was significantly more frequently detected in the heterologous type (5 of 9 cases) compared to the homologous type (1 of 9 cases) (P = 0.046). In the endocervical specimens, carcinomatous component was present in 76.5% of cases, but sarcomatous component was detected in only 17.6% of cases.ConclusionAlthough endocervical cytology can detect the carcinomatous component in more than 50% of endometrial carcinosarcoma cases, it has lesser capability to detect sarcomatous component. In conclusion, endometrial cytological examination is a more useful and accurate method to detect sarcomatous component of endometrial carcinosarcoma, particularly in the heterologous type, compared to endocervical cytological examination.
Mannan‐binding lectin attenuates acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity by regulating CYP2E1 expression via ROS‐dependent JNK/SP1 pathway
Authors: Li Huifang , Liu Yan , Li Junru , Liu Yunzhi , Dong Lijun , Yin Yue , Yu Yu , Zhou Jia , Zhang Liyun , Lu Xiao , Chen Zhengliang , Zuo Daming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMannan‐binding lectin (MBL) acts as a soluble pattern recognition molecule in the innate immune system, which is primarily produced by the liver. MBL deficiency occurs with high frequency in the population and is reported to be associated with susceptibility to several liver diseases. In the present study, we investigated the pathophysiological role of MBL in acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced hepatotoxicity. After APAP treatment, MBL‐deficient (MBL−/−) mice had significantly higher mortality and aggravated hepatic necrosis as well as elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase levels compared to control mice. The enhanced hepatotoxicity in MBL−/− mice was associated with increased concentration of APAP toxic metabolisms. Furthermore, we demonstrated here that genetic ablation of MBL resulted in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhanced c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation, leading to up‐regulated specificity protein 1 (SP1) nuclear expression, thus promoted CYP2E1 hepatic expression and consequently exacerbated APAP‐induced liver injury in mice. Importantly, we have validated that MBL protected against APAP toxicity in human HepaRG cells in vitro with the same mechanism. Our study revealed an unexpected function of MBL in drug metabolism, thus providing new insight into the drug‐induced liver injury in patients with MBL deficiency.