bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New optical differential protection algorithm applied in bus protection
Authors: Sitong Zhu , Tongwei Yu , Yong Ying , Zhenyang Zhao , Dan Zhao 
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the speed and reliability of bus protection, people put forward the optical current transformer (OCT) replaced the traditional electric–magnetic current transformer. As OCT has no magnetic saturation, no band limits, and can accurately and quickly transform the full‐waveform current signal in principle, the authors put forward a new optical differential protection algorithm which directly use the integral values of the operating current and the restraint current measured by OCT as the differential protection algorithm. The authors build 220 kV double bus protection model and simulate the actual fault current signal by Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Then, the authors bring the fault current into the bus protection algorithm for verification, and analyse the simulation curves of restraint ratio. The simulation results prove the feasibility of the optical differential protection algorithm.
Reactive power optimisation of distribution network with distributed generation based on genetic and immune algorithm
Authors: Hao Wenbo , Liu Boning , Yao Shujun , Guo Wanhua , Huang Wenerda 
Published: October 2018

With the rapid development of new energy technologies, distributed power generation technology has attracted widely attention. The advantages of them are small investment, clean and environmental protection, reliable, and flexible power supply. They can output (or absorb) continuously adjustable reactive power and participate in the reactive power optimisation, which can keep the balance of reactive power and optimise the distribution of reactive power flow. In this study, firstly, the power flow model of typical distributed power supplies: wind power, solar power, and gas turbine power generation are researched. Then, the distributed power supply as a continuously adjustable reactive power device, combined with the traditional equipment, participate in reactive power optimisation. An objective function considering system loss is proposed to find optimal solution. Finally, the IEEE33 node system is used for verification. Results show that the distributed power supply can effectively reduce the system loss and improve the voltage stability. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved algorithm are verified. The optimisation of this study is the combination of genetic algorithm and immune algorithm. It can make up for the lack of local optimisation ability of genetic algorithm. Compared with the single algorithm, the global optimisation ability is greatly enhanced.
Magnetic fields in massive spirals: The role of feedback and initial conditions
Authors: Ntormousi Evangelia 
Published: October 2018

Context.Magnetic fields play a very important role in the evolution of galaxies through their direct impact on star formation and stellar feedback-induced turbulence. However, their co-evolution with these processes has still not been thoroughly investigated, and the possible effect of the initial conditions is largely unknown.Aims.This Letter presents the first results from a series of high-resolution numerical models, aimed at deciphering the effect of the initial conditions and of stellar feedback on the evolution of the galactic magnetic field in isolated Milky Way-like galaxies.Methods.The models start with an ordered magnetic field of varying strength, either poloidal or toroidal, and are evolved with and without supernova feedback. They include a dark matter halo, a stellar and a gaseous disk, as well as the appropriate cooling and heating processes for the interstellar medium.Results.Independently of the initial conditions, the galaxies develop a turbulent velocity field and a random magnetic field component in under 15 Myr. Supernova feedback is extremely efficient in building a random magnetic field component up to large galactic heights. However, a random magnetic field emerges even in runs without feedback, which points to an inherent instability of the ordered component.Conclusions.Supernova feedback greatly affects the velocity field of the galaxy up to large galactic heights, and helps restructure the magnetic field up to 10 kpc above the disk, independently of the initial magnetic field morphology. On the other hand, the initial morphology of the magnetic field can accelerate the development of a random component at large heights. These effects have important implications for the study of the magnetic field evolution in galaxy simulations.
Management von Gefäßverletzungen bei militärischen Konflikten und Terroranschlägen
Authors: Engelhardt Michael , Elias Kristoffer , Debus Sebastian , Zischek Christoph 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Krieg und bei Terroranschlägen erleiden bis zu 12% aller Verwundeten schwere Gefäßverletzungen. Die Entwicklungen in der Gefäßtraumatologie sind daher eng mit den bewaffneten Konflikten des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts verknüpft. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand der historischen Erfahrungen militärchirurgische Aspekte bei Gefäßverletzungen diskutiert und die aktuellen Standards der Militärchirurgie auf diesem Gebiet dargestellt. Während bis einschließlich zum Zweiten Weltkrieg verletzte Gefäße überwiegend ligiert werden mussten, konnte erstmals im Korea- und Vietnamkrieg ein hoher Anteil der Gefäßverletzungen erfolgreich rekonstruiert werden. Zusammen mit der verbesserten Evakuierung durch Einsatz von Hubschraubern führte dies zu einer Reduzierung der Amputationsrate von fast 50% auf unter 15%. Nach wie vor ist jedoch das Verbluten die Hauptursache vermeidbarer Todesfälle auf dem Schachtfeld. Die standardmäßige Einführung von Tourniquets, Hämostyptika und Ballonokklusion der Aorta haben die Überlebenschancen verbessert. Das Damage-Control-Prinzip ist insbesondere bei Forward Surgical Teams unverzichtbar und der temporäre intravasale Shunt hat sich frontnah als gefäßchirurgische Damage-Control-Maßnahme längst durchgesetzt. Aufwendige Ausbildungskonzepte vieler Streitkräfte sichern die gefäßchirurgische Notfallkompetenz der stationierten Militärchirurgen. Die Militärchirurgie verfügt aus Krisen- und Kriegsgebieten über reichlich Erfahrung in der Versorgung von massiven Blutungen und schweren Gefäßverletzungen. Zahlreiche hierbei gewonnene Erkenntnisse und Techniken wurden im Laufe der Zeit in die zivile Chirurgie übernommen und aktuelle militärische Entwicklungen beeinflussen auch heute noch die zivile Traumaversorgung.
Delayed Occluding Membrane (DOM) – ein neuer Ansatz zur Protektion der spinalen Ischämie bei endovaskulärem Aortenrepair
Authors: Gombert Alexander , Hussmann Larissa , Kotelis Drosos , Grommes Jochen , Löwen Alexander , Gesche Valentine , Thies Sabrina , Pich Andrij , Gries Thomas , Jockenhövel Stefan , Jacobs Michael , Greiner Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Sowohl die offene als auch die endovaskuläre Versorgung von thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen (TAAA) geht mit einem relevanten Risiko für eine Rückenmarksischämie mit einer folgenden Querschnittssymptomatik einher. Verschiedene existente Präventionskonzepte lassen zugleich keine definitive Versorgung des bestehenden TAAA zu. Im vorliegenden Artikel soll ein neuartiges Konzept auf der Basis einer langsam okkludierenden Hydrogel-Textil-Membran vorgestellt werden, das helfen könnte, das Risiko der spinalen Ischämie zu reduzieren.
Konzept Als variabel platzierbare Funktionseinheit von endovaskulären Prothesen wird eine Hydrogel-Textil-Membran entwickelt, die unter Einfluss von Blut bzw. dem im Blut enthaltenen Glutathion zur Quellung gebracht wird. Im weiteren Verlauf führt eine Degradation des Hydrogels zur abschließenden Stabilisierung, die nochmals durch zu erwartende, körpereigene Prozesse verstärkt wird. Dieses Hydrogel soll in den In-vitro-Versuchen einen abnehmenden, zeitlich festgelegten Fluss in den Aneurysmasack zulassen und sich letztendlich verschließen. Durch die Einbringung einer solchen Hydrogel-Textil-Membran in einer Stentprothese könnte somit ohne weitere Interventionen oder präoperative Maßnahmen die notwendige Kollateralbildung des spinalen Gefäßsystems ermöglicht werden. Das Risiko einer spinalen Ischämie könnte somit bei jeder endovaskulären Prozedur, unabhängig von allen weiteren Maßnahmen, auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Es handelt sich beim vorgestellten Konzept um ein in der Entwicklung befindliches Produkt, daher können nur Zwischenergebnisse berichtet werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die erfolgreiche Entwicklung einer langsam und gezielt okkludierenden Hydrogel-Textil-Membran als Komponente von endovaskulären Aortenprothesen könnte das klinisch bedeutsame Risiko spinaler Ischämie reduzieren helfen.
Murine thrombosis models
Authors: Day Sharlene , Reeve Jennifer , Myers Daniel , Fay William 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDue to exciting advances in molecular biology, the laboratory mouse has become an important and frequently used model for studying thrombosis. This article reviews several experimental approaches that have been used to study arterial, venous, and microvascular thrombosis in mice. The advantages and limitations of different models are examined. Related topics of mouse anesthesia, phlebotomy, and in vitro hemostasis testing are also reviewed.
D-dimer and factor VIIa in atrial fibrillation – prognostic values for cardiovascular events and effects of anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Oldgren Jonas , Andersson Ulrika , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Reilly Paul A. , Connolly Stuart J. , Yusuf Salim , Wallentin Lars , Eikelboom John W. , Siegbahn Agneta 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCoagulation markers may improve monitoring the risk of stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during anticoagulant treatment. We examined baseline levels of D-dimer and their association with stroke, cardiovascular death and major bleeding in 6,202 AF patients randomised to dabigatran or warfarin in the RE-LY trial. The effects of treatment on serial levels of D-dimer and coagulation factor (F) VIIa in 2,567 patients were also analysed. Baseline D-dimer levels were related to the rate of stroke/systemic embolism (SEE) with 0.64 % in the lowest quartile (Q1, as reference) (D-dimer < 298 μg/l), 1.38 % Q2 (D-dimer 298–473 μg/l), 1.71 % Q3 (D-dimer 474–822 μg/l) and 2.00 % in Q4 (D-dimer > 822 μg/l) (p=0.0007). Similar associations were shown for cardiovascular death and major bleeding. Addition of baseline D-dimer to established clinical risk factors improved prediction of stroke/SEE, cardiovascular death and major bleeding (C-index increased from 0.66 to 0.68, 0.71 to 0.73 and 0.66 to 0.67, respectively). Dabigatran provided a greater reduction of D-dimer levels than warfarin regardless of baseline anticoagulant treatment. Ontreatment levels of FVIIa were markedly reduced by warfarin (median 12.1–13.8 mU/ml) but significantly higher with dabigatran (median 39.4–49.0 mU/ml) at all-time points. Dabigatran is associated with greater reduction in D-dimer without the pronounced reduction of FVIIa seen with warfarin. These different effects on the coagulation system might explain the better efficacy and less intracranial bleeding observed with dabigatran compared with warfarin.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00262600 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Therapie mit 177Lu-PSMA-617, Dosimetrie und Nachsorge beim metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Fendler Wolfgang , Kratochwil Clemens , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Rahbar Kambiz , Baum Richard , Schmidt Matthias , Pfestroff Andreas , Lützen Ulf , Prasad Vikas , Heinzel Alexander , Heuschkel Martin , Ruf Juri , Bartenstein Peter , Krause Bernd 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEine Radioligandentherapie (RLT) mit Lutetium-177 markierten Inhibitoren des Prostataspezifischen Membranantigens (177Lu-PSMA) erfolgt bei Patienten mit metastasiertem kastrationsrefraktären Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC) und fehlender Therapiealternative. Die RLT wird an deutschen Universitätsklinika seit 2013 im Rahmen der Ausübung der ärztlichen Heilkunde angeboten. Diese Konsensusempfehlung gibt Orientierung für die Durchführung einer RLT mit 177Lu-PSMA-617. Sie wurde im Rahmen einer Expertenrunde der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) im Dezember 2015 erarbeitet und enthält Empfehlungen zu Indikationsstellung, Voruntersuchung, Therapieablauf, Begleittherapie, Dosimetrie und Nachsorge. Die Konsensusempfehlung dient der Information des beteiligten medizinischen Personals und zielt auf eine Harmonisierung der Therapieabläufe sowie eine Verbesserung der Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung des einzelnen Patienten.
Die Bedeutung von Schilddrü senhormontransportern
Authors: Braun D. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungWilliam Allan, Nash Herndon und Florence Dudley publizierten 1944 Beobachtungen zu einem vererbbaren Syndrom, das sich durch Muskelschwä che, mentale Retardierung (Intelligenzquotient < 30) und Entwicklungsverzö gerungen auszeichnete. Die mä nnlichen Patienten waren unfä hig, ihren Kopf zu halten, hatten Sprachdefizite und konnten meist weder sitzen noch gehen. Inzwischen ist bekannt, dass das Allan-Herndon-Dudley- Syndrom (AHDS) nach dem fragilen X-Syndrom die zweite beschriebene X-chromosomal vererbte Krankheit ist.Als diagnostisches Kriterium ist inzwischen eine bestimmte Schilddrü senhormonkonstellation hinzugekommen. Die Krankheit ist mit Mutationen im X-chromosomal lokalisierten SLC16A2 Gens assoziiert. SLC16A2 kodiert für einen spezifischen Plasmamembran- Schilddrü senhormon-Transporter, den Monocarboxylattransporter 8 (MCT8)
Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy
Authors: Andersen S. L. , Laurberg P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThyroid hormones are essential development factors and maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and diseases in the fetus/child. In the present review we discuss new data on the incidence of Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in and around pregnancy, and how hyperthyroidism may affect the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.A special concern in pregnant women is the potential side effects from the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). One type of side effects is the allergic/toxic reactions to the drugs, which seem to be similar in and outside pregnancy, and another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with GBD is made euthyroid. To avoid fetal hypothyroidism, the lowest possible ATD dose should be used to keep maternal thyroid function at the upper limit of normality with low serum TSH. Birth defects after the use of methimazole (MMI) (or its prodrug carbimazole) have been considered to be very rare, and no risk has previously been associated with the use of propylthiouracil (PTU). However, a recent Danish national study found that 1/30 of children exposed to MMI in early pregnancy had birth defects associated with this, and many defects were severe. PTU exposure was associated with defects in 1/40, and these defects were less severe. Proposals are given on how to reduce the risk of ATD associated birth defects.
VKCFD2 – from clinical phenotype to molecular mechanism
Authors: Czogalla K. J. , Watzka M. , Oldenburg J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryVitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (VKORC1) is an enzyme essential for the vitamin K cycle. VKORC1 catalyses the reduction of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to the quinone form of vitamin K and further to vitamin K hydroquinone. The generated vitamin K hydroquinone serves as substrate for the enzyme γ-glutamyl-carboxylase which modifies all vitamin K-dependent proteins, allowing them to bind calcium ions necessary for physiological activity. Vitamin K-dependent proteins include the coagulation factors FII, FVII, FIX, FX, and proteins C, S und Z. Insufficient VKORC1 enzyme activity results in deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors leading to haemorrhagic disorders. This phenotype is known as vitamin K clotting factor deficiency type 2 (VKCFD2). Worldwide, only four families of independent origin have been reported with this rare bleeding disorder. Affected family members carry the mutation VKORC1:p.Arg98Trp in homozygous form, the only mutation found so far to be associated with VKCFD2. Now, ten years after the identification of the VKORC1 gene, the molecular pathomechanism of VKCFD2 has been clarified. The Arg98Trp mutation disrupts an ER retention motif of VKORC1 leading to mislocalisation of the protein to outside the endoplasmatic reticulum. In this review, we summarize the clinical data, diagnosis, therapy and molecular patho -mechanism of VKCFD2.
Matching Clinicians to Operative Cases
Authors: Wanderer J. , Was A. 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Background: Patient and surgical case complexity are important considerations in creating appropriate clinical assignments for trainees in the operating room (OR). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System is the most commonly used tool to classify patient illness severity, but it requires manual evaluation by a clinician and is highly variable. A Risk Stratification System for surgical patients was recently published which uses administrative billing codes to calculate four Risk Stratification Indices (RSIs) and provides an objective surrogate for patient complexity that does not require clinical evaluation. This risk score could be helpful when assigning operating room cases.
Objective: This is a technical feasibility study to evaluate the process and potential utility of incorporating an automatic risk score calculation into a web-based tool for assigning OR cases.
Methods: We created a web service implementation of the RSI model for one-year mortality and automatically calculated the RSI values for patients scheduled to undergo an operation the following day. An analysis was conducted on data availability for the RSI model and the correlation between RSI values and ASA physical status.
Results: In a retrospective analysis of 46,740 patients who received surgery in the year preceding the web tool implementation, RSI values were generated for 20,638 patients (44%). The Spear-man’s rank correlation coefficient between ASA physical status classification and one-year mortality RSI values was 0.404.
Conclusions: We have shown that it is possible to create a web-based tool that uses existing billing data to automatically calculate risk scores for patients scheduled to undergo surgery. Such a risk scoring system could be used to match patient acuity to physician experience, and to provide improved patient and clinician experiences. The web tool could be improved by expanding the input database or utilizing procedure booking codes rather than billing data.
Translational Research in Medical Informatics or from Theory to Practice
Authors: Altuwaijri M. M. , Li Y. C. , Ball M. J. , Haux R. , Lehmann C. U. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objective:
To bridge the divide between health informatics ‘bench research’ and the application of informatics in clinical and health care settings.

Method:
Identifying weak points in translational activities, i.e. in the process from health informatics research outcomes to IT system design and information management in clinical practice.

Results and Conclusions:
The creation of a new peer-reviewed journal, designed to cultivate broad readership across health care, is suggested in order to communicate on informatics topics of translational interest and on the application of informatics principals. Such an applied informatics journal may appeal to practicing physicians, healthcare administrators and CIOs as well as medical informaticians. In a globalizing world with eHealth initiatives spanning across borders, such a journal should be an international effort. Close ties to the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and to the journal Methods of Information in Medicine are suggested.
UMIN Online Abstract and Paper Entry System for Biomedical Academic Meetings
Authors: Aoki N. , Kiuchi T. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objectives
: The object of this research is to develop and evaluate the Online Abstract and Paper Entry System (OAPES) that collects and delivers medical academic meeting information online in Japan.

Methods
: CGI technology and semi-automated program generation method are employed for the OAPES software development to accommodate the various data collected by many meetings in a common data format and to achieve both flexibility and efficiency.

Results
: Using OAPES, an abstract, or paper, and its related information can be submitted via the Internet. After contributions have been accepted, bibliographic information is automatically added to the bibliographic information database that is retrievable, free of charge, from the Internet. Since 1997, we have provided OAPES for biomedical academic meetings in Japan. In fiscal 2006, 488 biomedical academic meetings, most of those held in Japan, used OAPES; 106,461 abstracts and papers were handled. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other abstract entry systems in any populous country that are almost monopolistic in a particular major academic field in the way OAPES is. The data format of OAPES and its user interface are now the de facto standard for academic information exchange related to academic meetings in Japan.

Conclusions
: We succeeded in developing an efficient and prompt online collection and delivery system for medical academic meeting information in Japan and demonstrated that it really works.
Risk Management and Measuring Productivity with POAS – Point of Act System
Authors: Akiyama M. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objectives
: The concept of our system is not only to manage material flows, but also to provide an integrated management resource, a means of correcting errors in medical treatment, and applications to EBM (evidence-based medicine) through the data mining of medical records.

Methods
: Prior to the development of this system, electronic processing systems in hospitals did a poor job of accurately grasping medical practice and medical material flows. With POAS (Point of Act System), hospital managers can solve the so-called, “man, money, material, and information” issues inherent in the costs of healthcare.

Results
: The POAS system synchronizes with each department system, from finance and accounting, to pharmacy, to imaging, and allows information exchange. We can manage Man (Business Process), Material (Medical Materials and Medicine), Money (Expenditure for purchase and Receipt), and Information (Medical Records) completely by this system.

Conclusions
: Our analysis has shown that this system has a remarkable investment effect-saving over four million dollars per year-through cost savings in logistics and business process efficiencies. In addition, the quality of care has been improved dramatically while error rates have been reduced – nearly to zero in some cases.