bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vertical Motion History of Disk Stars throughout the Galaxy
Authors: Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It has long been known that the vertical motions of Galactic disk stars increase with stellar age, commonly interpreted as vertical heating through orbit scattering. Here we map the vertical actions of disk stars as a function of age (

) and across a large range of Galactocentric radii,

, drawing on APOGEE and Gaia data. We fit

as a combination of the vertical action at birth,

, and the subsequent heating

, which scales as

. The inferred birth temperature,

is

for

, consistent with the ISM velocity dispersion, but it rapidly rises outward, to

for

, likely reflecting the stars’ birth in a warped or flared gas disk. We find the heating rate

to be modest and nearly constant across all radii,

. The stellar age dependence γ gently grows with Galactocentric radius, from

for

to

at

. The observed

relation at all radii is considerably steeper (

) than the time dependence theoretically expected from orbit scattering,

. We illustrate how this conundrum can be resolved if we also account for the fact that at earlier epochs, the scatterers were more common, and the restoring force from the stellar disk surface mass density was low. Our analysis may reinstate gradual orbital scattering as a plausible and viable mechanism to explain the age-dependent vertical motions of disk stars.
Modeling the X-Ray Power Spectra of AGN by Using Reprocessing Echoes from an Extended Corona
Authors: Chainakun P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Characteristic signatures that X-ray reverberation from an extended corona can manifest in the observed PSD of AGN are investigated. The presence of two X-ray blobs illuminating an accretion disk can cause the interference between two reprocessing-echo components and produce distinct physical features in the PSD. The oscillatory structures (e.g., dips and humps) are seen, but, contrarily to the lamp-post case, the strongest dip is not always the one at the lowest frequency. Instead, we find that the frequency where the strongest dip is seen is associated with the lower-source height while the lowest frequency where the first dip appears is linked to the upper-source height. This is because the reverberation timescales increase with the source height. Accurate modeling of the PSD then helps put constraints on the lower and upper limits of the corona extent. Furthermore, the reverberation signatures are less pronounced with increasing number of sources that do not produce reflection (e.g., additional X-rays from fast, relativistic outflows). The amplitude of the oscillations also depends on the amount of dilution contributed by the X-ray sources, and thus encodes information about their relative brightness. Due to stronger dilutions, robust detection of these signatures with current observations will become even more difficult if the corona is extended. Future observations made by Athena will enable us to fit these characteristics with statistically significant details, and to reveal the nature of the disk–corona system.
Usability of the Participation and Environment Measure Plus (PEM+) for Client-Centered and Participation-Focused Care Planning
Authors: Jarvis Jessica M. , Gurga Andrea , Greif Alexa , Lim Heather , Anaby Dana , Teplicky Rachel , Khetani Mary A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Importance: The Participation and Environment Measure Plus (PEM+) is a new electronic health application to help caregivers contribute to client-centered and participation-focused care planning for their young child. The PEM+ is designed to help caregivers build on their participation assessment by determining priority activities, setting specific goals, and identifying strategies for goal attainment.
Objective: To examine the usability of the PEM+.
Design: A single-arm usability trial.
Setting: Two early intervention and early childhood educational programs.
Participants: Six caregivers of children ages 0–3 yr with developmental delay and receiving rehabilitation services.
Intervention: Caregivers who were eligible and enrolled were given access to the PEM+ for 1 wk and instructed to complete one iteration.
Outcomes and Measures: Usability was assessed according to caregivers’ report of PEM+’s technical effectiveness and ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction via the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use questionnaire.
Results: All caregivers completed the PEM+ online once and in its entirety (mean completion time = 13.6 min). Mean technical effectiveness ratings ranged from 5.7 to 6.3 out of 7.0, and mean ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction ratings were 4.4, 5.4, and 4.2 out of 6.0, respectively.
Conclusions and Relevance: Caregivers of young children can navigate the PEM+. Trends in survey feedback informed optimizations for the PEM+ before further feasibility testing.
What This Article Adds: This study provides preliminary evidence for a promising tool that can help to customize the way practitioners partner with families to create a plan for occupational therapy services.
Derivations with invertible values in flexible algebras
Authors: Devi Gangireddy Lakshmi , Jayalakshmi K. 
Published: June 2019

Derivations with invertible values of 0 – torsion flexible algebras satisfying x(yz) = (xz)y over an algebraically closed field are described. For this class of algebra with unit element 1 and derivation with invertible value d is either a Cayley – Dickson algebra over its center Z(A) or a factor algebra of polynomial algebra C[a]/(a2) over a Cayley – Dickson division algebra; also C is 2 – torsion, d(C) = 0 and d(a) = 1+ua for some u in center of C and d is an outer derivation. Moreover, C is a split Cayley – Dickson algebra over its center Z having a derivation with invertible value d if and only if C is obtained by means of Cayley – Dickson process from its associative division subalgebra and can be represented as a direct sum C = V ⊕ aV.
Ayn Rand's Credit Problem
Authors: Rodgers Lamont 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, the author diagnoses the cause of Rand's problematic position on intellectual property. He argues that Rand treats credit as a very thick concept. Rand sees crediting a person with inventing something as granting that person a right to the money embodied in the invention, its sale, and the profits related to licensing reproduction. The author shows that this thick notion of credit leads Rand to make several questionable claims in her arguments for intellectual property rights.
Ayn Rand and the Lost Axiom of Aristotle: A Philosophical Mystery—Solved?
Authors: Bissell Roger E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The author explains how Rand was absolutely correct in saying that Aristotle “stated the formula” of the Law of Identity. He corrects long-standing faulty Thomist criticisms on this issue and gives due credit to thinkers such as Antonius Andreas, Leibniz, and William Hamilton. The author further contends that the gradual shift in Objectivist usage of the Law of Identity (from “a thing is itself” to “a thing is what it is”) tacitly ratifies these erroneous criticisms and has actually contributed to the failure of Objectivist thinkers to develop Rand's concept theory into a valid model of propositions and syllogisms.
Nouvelles mentions de trois espèces de Cleridae (Coleoptera) pour le Québec
Authors: Lebel Michel , Dumont Stéphane , Racine Michel 
Published: June 2019

Les auteurs rapportent la présence au Québec de trois espèces de Cleridae (Coleoptera) jusqu’ici non répertoriées pour cette province :Enoclerus ichneumoneus(Fabricius, 1777) (sous-famille : Clerinae Latreille, 1802),Monophylla terminata(Say, 1835) (sous-famille : Tillinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1813) etPyticeroides laticornis(Say, 1835) (sous-famille : Korynetinae Laporte, 1836). Ils incluent aussi les données de capture ainsi que des informations provenant de la littérature sur leur répartition géographique et leur biologie.
La forêt boréale du Québec : influence du gradient longitudinal
Authors: Couillard Pierre-Luc , Payette Serge , Lavoie Martin , Laflamme Jason 
Published: June 2019

Nous avons documenté les caractéristiques physiographiques, climatiques et écologiques du domaine bioclimatique de la pessière noire à mousses le long d’un transect longitudinal de 1 000 km, de l’Abitibi à la Basse-Côte-Nord. Dans la portion ouest du domaine, le climat continental et plus sec favorise les feux. Les pessières à épinette noire et celles à épinette noire et à pin gris constituent les peuplements dominants. Les pessières à épinette noire et sapin baumier augmentent en importance dans la portion centrale du domaine, tandis que sur la Côte-Nord, les feux moins fréquents et le climat plus humide favorisent les sapinières perturbées par les épidémies d’insectes. C’est dans cette région que la proportion de forêts âgées de plus de 100 ans est la plus élevée. Les pessières à lichens et les lichénaies sont aussi plus abondantes à l’est de Sept-Îles. L’ampleur des changements observés montre qu’il est primordial de considérer le gradient longitudinal pour expliquer la répartition des formations végétales de la forêt boréale, au même titre que le gradient latitudinal qui, lui, est beaucoup plus souvent étudié.
L’histoire d’un chancre menaçant d’exterminer le noyer cendré
Authors: Rioux Danny , Tanguay Philippe , Sambaraju Kishan , Nadeau-Thibodeau Nicolas , DesRochers Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Le noyer cendré (Juglans cinerea) est considéré depuis 2005 en voie de disparition au Canada; un chancre, causé par le champignonOphiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum, est la principale cause du statut précaire de l’espèce. Cette maladie, qui semble avoir été introduite en Amérique du Nord, a été initialement rapportée en 1967 au Wisconsin. Au Canada, c’est au Québec qu’on l’observe en premier en 1990. Les symptômes se présentent sous forme de mort en cime et, très souvent, de chancres au tronc qui finissent presque toujours par tuer les arbres de tous âges. Nous décrivons entre autres certains de nos travaux qui recherchaient une meilleure compréhension de cette maladie, mais surtout qui visaient à repérer des arbres potentiellement résistants au chancre, à les multiplier et à évaluer leur résistance, et finalement à les protéger en stimulant leur vigueur par des travaux de dégagement. Nous avons pu montrer, par exemple, qu’à la suite d’inoculations artificielles en serre, quelques noyers cendrés montraient une certaine résistance au chancre, et qu’ils se défendaient en compartimentant les tissus envahis par l’agent pathogène. Ces individus potentiellement résistants constitueraient ainsi une source unique de matériel pour rétablir l’espèce sur certains sites.
Microemulsions
Authors: Klier John 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although there is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a microemulsion, most researchers now agree that a microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable, fluid dispersion of two or more ordinarily immiscible liquids, such as water and oil, stabilized by at least one amphiphile.
The concept of microemulsions now holds a central role within the field of surfactant technology. Perhaps the most fundamental fact captured by the term is that, contrary to a popular saying, oil and water can mix.
Highlights from occupational safety and health continuing education needs assessment
Authors: Scott Joshua G. , Shore Erin , Brown Carol , Harris Carisa , Rosen Mitchel A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of trained Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) professionals able to meet the current and future demand for such expertize in the United States. Many OSH professionals are required to perform duties, which are outside of their primary area of expertize; thus, expansion of continuing education (CE) may be necessary to properly train individuals for new OSH responsibilities.MethodsThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health‐funded Education and Research Centers collectively developed and distributed an internet‐based survey to gauge the CE needs and interests of the OSH workforce.ResultsA total of 2064 responses were received. The most common primary professions represented were safety (28%), occupational health nursing (18%), and industrial hygiene (12%). The majority of respondents (61%) reported that they perform work activities outside of those associated with their primary OSH profession. The CE offerings with the highest interest among respondents were related to safety. Other courses with high levels of interest included topics such as legal issues in OSH (88%), compliance (88%), risk management (85%), OSH management (83%), risk communication (83%), and communication in accident prevention (81%). Health and safety leadership (82%), health and safety culture (78%) and total worker health (74%) were also significant interests.ConclusionsIt is important to be responsive to the evolving needs of the OS&H community. Developing relevant courses will help ensure that OS&H professionals have access to the training they need to perform essential job functions and keep employees healthy and safe.
Fault severity estimation in a vehicle cooling system
Authors: Nemati Mohsen , Seyedtabaii Saeed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn‐time water pump malfunction, thermostat sticking, fan defect, and radiator clogging severity estimation in a vehicle cooling system prevents system breakdown and saves repair costs and service time. In this respect, to minimize the required number of engine variable measurements, the engine body temperature, Tb is introduced as a single driving force of the thermal system and a modified adaptive second order sliding mode (SOSM) fault observer is utilized to estimate the (single case) faults despite the system nonlinear uncertainty. The faults are applied and the estimates are obtained within the defined temperature ranges. The results of extensive simulations indicate that the algorithm works well in assessing the occurred damages to the uncertain system.
Reduction of IL‐2 fragmentation during manufacturing of a novel immunocytokine by DoE process optimization
Authors: Schneider Alina , Gorr Ingo H. , Larraillet Vincent , Frensing Timo , Popp Oliver 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is a potent molecule in cancer therapy. Clinical application, however, is limited due to its strong side effects during the treatment. We developed an IL‐2 variant (IL‐2v) immunocytokine to circumvent the drawbacks of the current IL‐2 therapy. During the production of the IL‐2v immunocytokine in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, molecules with fragmented IL‐2v and therefore reduced cytokine activity can be observed. To control product fragmentation different production process conditions were investigated. By shifting temperature or pH after the cell growth phase to lower values, fragmented species can be reduced from 10% to 12% to about 4%. However, with the adopted process conditions, the effective titer is decreased concomitantly. Moreover, fermentation length and inoculation cell density are parameters to adjust fragmentation and effective titer. A suitable method for efficient process optimization is the design of experiment approach. With this procedure, novel optimal values for temperature, pH value, harvest day, and inoculation cell densities were proposed and tested subsequently. In comparison to the former process, the improved process reduces fragmentation by 66% while keeping the effective titer comparable. In summary, these findings will help to control fragmentation in CHO production processes of different IL‐2v or IL‐2 containing therapeutic proteins.
Scale‐aware camera localization in 3D LiDAR maps with a monocular visual odometry
Authors: Sun Manhui , Yang Shaowu , Liu Henzhu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLocalization information is essential for mobile robot systems in navigation tasks. Many visual‐based approaches focus on localizing a robot within prior maps acquired with cameras. It is critical where the Global Positioning System signal is unreliable. In contrast to conventional methods that localize a camera in an image‐based map, we propose a novel approach that localizes a monocular camera within a given three‐dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) map. We employ visual odometry to reconstruct a semidense set of 3D points from the monocular camera images. These points are continuously matched against the 3D prior LiDAR map by a modified feature‐based point cloud registration method to track a full six‐degree‐of‐freedom camera pose. Since the monocular camera suffers from the scale‐drift problem due to the lack of depth information, the proposed method solves it by adopting updatable scale estimation. Experiments carried out on a publicly large‐scale data set demonstrate that the camera and LiDAR multimodal data matching problem is solved, and the localization accuracy of our method is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Oryza sativa Parkeol Cyclase: Changes in the Substrate‐Folding Conformation and the Deprotonation Sites on Mutation at Tyr257: Importance of the Hydroxy Group and Steric Bulk
Authors: Suzuki Asuka , Aikawa Yuko , Ito Ryousuke , Hoshino Tsutomu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractY257 of Oryza sativa parkeol synthase (OsOSC2) corresponds to H234 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lanosterol cyclase (ScLAS), which is believed to be responsible for the final deprotonation reaction. An Ala mutant afforded nine tetracyclic skeletons as the main products; they consisted of protostadienol scaffolds with both 17R and 17S configurations and both 20R and 20S configurations, as well as a pair of 20R‐ and 20S‐configured parkeols. The production of 20R‐ and 20S‐configured tetracycles (59:40 ratio) through the action of the Y257A mutant indicated that the substrate folding had been altered from a chair–boat–chair–chair (a normal folding pattern) to a chair–boat–chair–boat structure (an unusual folding pattern). Other mutants with different steric bulks also yielded both 20R‐ and 20S‐configured tetracycles. Thus, the primary function of Y257 appears to be to impose a normal chair structure at the D‐ring site through having appropriate steric bulk. In contrast, mutations at H234 of ScLAS were reported to cause no conformational changes. The OsOSC2 Phe mutant also yielded 20R‐ and 20S‐configured parkeols (25:33 ratio), thus suggesting that the OH group of Y257 can form hydrogen bonds with other amino acids to force a chair conformation at the D‐ring site, and this variant also gave 20R‐ and 20S‐configured parkeols in a high yield (60 %). Y257 is unlikely to act as a base to abstract H‐11 and stabilize the transient cation through cation–π interactions. Thus, the catalytic roles of Y257 are significantly different from those of H234 of ScLAS.
Thermally Induced Structural Evolution of Palladium‐Ceria Catalysts. Implication for CO Oxidation
Authors: Stonkus Olga A. , Kardash Tatyana Yu. , Slavinskaya Elena M. , Zaikovskii Vladimir I. , Boronin Andrei I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStructural transformations in Pd/CeO2 catalysts during their calcination over a wide temperature range (450‐1200 °C) were studied with structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic methods (XRD, TEM, XPS, and TPR). Two synthetic methods were applied: coprecipitation and incipient wetness impregnation. The impregnation synthesis produced the best low‐temperature oxidation of CO (LTO CO) for the catalysts that were calcined at 450–900 °C. Their high LTO CO activities could be attributed to the formation of reactive surface clusters at the PdO−CeO2 interface. The coprecipitation synthesis produced a homogeneous PdxCe1‐xO2‐δ solid solution with no Pd nanostructured particles. Decomposition of the solid solution phase occurred at 800–850 °C and resulted in the formation of unusual Pd species, i. e., Pd(Ce)Ox superstructures and agglomerates consisting of 2 nm PdO particles. Further calcination of the catalysts resulted in the formation of mixed Pd0−PdO−CeO2 nanoparticles with a heterophase morphology that provided high thermal stability. These catalysts demonstrated capability for CO oxidation at temperatures below 100 °C after calcination at 1200 °C.
Natural‐Cellulose‐Nanofibril‐Tailored NiFe Nanoparticles for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tian Cuihua , Liu Zhichen , Wu Yiqiang , Lu Xihong , Yang Tianyun , Tao Xu , Qing Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh performance, resource abundance, and environmental friendliness have been raising as major challenges for the next‐generation of affordable and sustainable electrocatalysts. Herein, natural cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with abundant carboxyls and hydroxyls were employed to tailor NiFe catalysts (NiFeNSC) for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Benefiting from the introduction of CNF, the NiFe metal ions were homogeneously dispersed on the CNF surface and exhibited a smaller particle size. Additionally, the surface area was 3.17 times larger and the surface wettability was significantly improved. By integrating the active NiFe nanoparticles with doped CNF, the overpotential of synthesized NiFeNSC catalyst was decreased from 370 mV to 244 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and exhibited a small Tafel slope of 43.3 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. Impressively, the NiFeNSC displayed excellent long‐term stability, which was only 38 mV increased over 24 h chronopotentiometry measurement, outperforming the catalyst without CNF (NiFeNS) and commercial RuO2 catalyst remarkably. The present results demonstrate a new avenue for designing resource abundant and sustainable electrocatalysts, providing a novel strategy to replace the fossil‐involved nanocarbon.
Trajectories of major depression in middle‐aged and older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Cheng Jianjia 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine depression trajectories and correlates in a nationally representative sample of middle‐aged and older adults in the United States.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 15 661 participants aged over 50 years from the US Health and Retirement Study. Major depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI‐SF). Depression trajectories were identified using a group‐based trajectory modeling enhanced to account for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to investigate predictors of depression trajectories.ResultsFour depression trajectory groups were identified: “never” (85.8%), “increasing” (6.3%), “decreasing” (3.2%), and “persistently moderate/high” (4.7%). Baseline depressive symptom severity was a strong predictor of depression trajectories. Older age, male sex, and non‐Hispanic African American race were associated with a lower risk of the three trajectories with small to high depression burden, whereas chronic disease count was associated with a higher risk of these trajectories. The risk of being on the increasing trajectory increased with mobility difficulties. Difficulties in household activities predicted membership in the persistently moderate/high group.ConclusionsA small but nonignorable proportion of middle‐aged and older adults have chronic major depression. Initial symptom severity and chronic disease burden are consistent risk factors for unfavorable depression trajectories and potential targets for screening and intervention.