bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluence smoothing evaluation for whole‐breast automatically generated treatment plans
Authors: Zaratim Giulianne Rivelli R. , Oliveira e Silva Luis Felipe , dos Reis Ricardo G. , Mendes Cristiano Jacques M. R. , Gomes Marília Miranda F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify the fluence smoothing threshold that preserves the dosimetric quality of planning for breast cancer intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Material and methodsWe conducted automated treatment planning for 60 breast cancer patients using the Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface. The plans included four‐field IMRT, emphasizing smoothing weight combinations while maintaining a 4:3 aspect ratio between the X and Y directions. Four weight sets (40 × 30, 100 × 75, 150 × 115.2, and 200 × 150) were tested, resulting in four plans per patient. A total dose of 40.05 Gy over 15 fractions was prescribed. Optimization weigths were dynamically adjusted based on dosimetric evaluations, with the maximum coverage priority set at 200. Statistical analyses were used to assess the dosimetric data.ResultsThe median planning target volume (PTV) coverage varied across smoothing levels, with default smoothing (40 × 30) providing superior median PTV coverage. Lung constraints showed significant differences mainly at higher smoothing levels. Heart constraints exhibited less variation between smoothing levels, with significant differences primarily in the maximum and mean doses for right‐sided patients and between default and higher smoothing levels for left‐sided patients. No significant differences were observed in contralateral breast constraints among all smoothing levels, except at the maximum level for right‐sided patients. Monitor units decreased with increasing smoothing weight, showing significant differences between default and other settings. For right‐sided patients, the median number of monitor units varied from 1346 (40 × 30) to 754 (200 × 150), and for left‐sided patients, from 1333 (40 × 30) to 804 (200 × 150). Chi‐square tests revealed differences in dose constraint adherence between default and maximum smoothing levels, particularly in target coverage.ConclusionOur findings suggest that using a ratio of smoothing weights to target priorities between 1:1.5 and 1:1.6 leads to a favorable balance between complexity and dosimetric plan quality, with no significant impacts on dose constraint adherence.
Not So Patient Friendly: Patient Education Materials in Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Fall Short of Nationally Recommended Readability Benchmarks in the United States
Authors: Rustomji Yazmin , Nweke Ugochukwu C. , Hassan Sobia , Ahmad Usama , Jolly Meenakshi 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivePatient education materials (PEMs) can help promote health literacy (HL) among patients. However, their use depends on how easily patients can read and comprehend the information. Several national organizations recommend that text be written at a sixth‐ to eighth‐grade level. Herein, we assess and compare the readability and comprehension (RC) of PEMs for rheumatologic and general medical conditions.MethodsWe used six standardized RC metrics including the well‐known Flesch Kincaid Readability Ease and Flesch Kincaid Grade Level to evaluate the RC of PEMs (n = 175) on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) (n = 86) and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) (n = 89) websites. Two‐sided t‐tests compared RC between the two resources. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOn all six standardized metrics used, the mean reading level of all PEMs ranged from high school to college level. For example, the mean ± SD of Simple Measure of Gobbledygook was 10.89 ± 1.88, corresponding to a 10th‐grade education, and the mean ± SD of Gunning Fog Score was 14.39 ± 2.49, corresponding to a 14th‐grade education required to understand the text. JAMA PEMs had significantly more difficult RC levels compared to ACR PEMs based on five of the six indices used (P < 0.05).ConclusionPEMs available on the ACR and JAMA websites do not align with national organizations’ recommendations for RC levels. To enhance patient understanding and promote HL, existing PEMs must be modified in line with these recommendations.image
A First Truly Hydrocarbon‐Based Electrochromic Molecule Exhibiting Transparent‐to‐Dark Switching and Heavy Atom Effect of Bromine in Color Shifting
Authors: Navya Panichiyil V. , Sampath Srinivasan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) materials and devices with potential‐driven optical modulation abilities have open possibilities for creating innovative and adaptive technologies. EC materials that reversibly switch from transmissive to dark or vice versa are beneficial in various applications. Though many EC materials are reported, several key issues exist, such as synthetic complexity, low reproducibility, and residual absorption. An elegant design strategy is reported here to develop a heteroatom‐free, transmissive to dark electrochrome (TBF), overcoming the abovementioned challenges. Furthermore, the effect of heavy atoms on the EC properties is evaluated by substituting the bromide group with the TBF core. The synthesized molecules are electrochemically stable and reversible for 1000 continuous cycles with a coloration efficiency above 200 cm2C−1 and a ∆T% of 65% for TBF and 73% for TBF‐Br. The solid and gel state devices can store the imported energy that can be used to charge electronic gadgets.
Conformation Influences Biological Fates of Peptide‐Based Nanofilaments by Modulating Protein Adsorption and Interfilament Entanglement
Authors: Cai Ying , Xu Tiantian , Zhu Binyu , Chen Junfan , Jiang Linyang , Shan Xiaoting , Rong Rong , Li Yao , Yu Yang , Gao Xin , Zhu Helen He , Zhang Lu , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFilamentous structures exert biological functions mediated by multivalent interactions with their counterparts in sharp contrast with spherical ones. The physicochemical properties and unique behaviors of nanofilaments that are associated with multivalent interaction with protein are poorly understood. Here, peptide‐based nanofilaments containing different homotetrapeptidic inserts are reported and their protein adsorption and biological fates are tested. By altering the homotetrapeptides, different peptidic conformations are imposed within the nanofilaments, which result in notable differences in the density of the intermolecular hydrogen bond, determining the amount of adsorbed proteins. The adsorbed proteins can further induce interfilament entanglement of different degrees and patterns, which influences biodistribution and phagocytosis. The nanofilaments with tetrahydroxyproline segment exhibit diminish interfilament entanglement, phagocytosis, and improve circulation, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy. These findings can deepen the understanding of nanofilament‐protein interactions and filament‐filament interactions as in the case of amyloid‐β plaque, and facilitate the rational design of nanofilaments through peptide conformation control for chemical engineering and anticancer drug delivery.
Ultrafast H‐Spillover in Intermetallic PtZn Induced by the Local Disorder for Excellent Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance
Authors: Wang Meiling , Shi Zhengju , Shi Wenwen , Jiang Jingyun , Lan Jianhong , Li Ruizhen , Yan Yuanyuan , Liu Zhenyu , Fu Longyi , Liu Xuguang , Sang Shengbo , Hu Yingjie , Zhou Jiadong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrdered intermetallic Platinum‐Zinc (PtZn) shows potential in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but faces a huge challenge in activity enhancement due to the H‐repulsion properties of Zinc (Zn). Here, local disorder in ordered intermetallic PtZn nanoparticles confined in N‐doped porous carbon (I‐PtZn@NPC) via a confinement‐high‐temperature pyrolysis strategy is realized to boost the HER performance. Experiments and calculations demonstrate that the local substitution of Pt atoms for Zn atoms creates an ultra‐short H‐spillover channel (Pt site→Pt‐Zn bridge site →Zn site). Benefiting from such an ultra‐fast H‐migration from Pt site to Zn site, I‐PtZn@NPC exhibits enhanced intrinsic activity with an ultralow overpotential (η10: 2.3 mV, η100: 24 mV) than commercial Pt black catalyst. Furthermore, a 25 cm2 commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer equipped with I‐PtZn@NPC achieved stable operation at 1.60 Vcell for 200 h at a current density of 1 A cm⁻2. This design of local Zn disorder in the ordered intermetallic PtZn sheds new light on the rational development of efficient Zn‐based alloy HER electrocatalysts.
Magnetic‐Electrical Synergetic Control of Non‐Volatile States in Bilayer Graphene‐CrOCl Heterostructures
Authors: Cao Shimin , Zheng Runjie , Wang Cong , Ma Ning , Chen Mantang , Song Yuanjun , Feng Ya , Hao Tingting , Zhang Yu , Wang Yaning , Gu Pingfan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Liu Yang , Xie X. C. , Ji Wei , Ye Yu , Han Zheng , Chen Jian‐Hao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnti‐ferromagnetic insulator chromium oxychloride (CrOCl) has shown peculiar charge transfer and correlation‐enhanced emerging properties when interfaced with other van der Waals conductive channels. However, the influence of its spin states to the channel material remains largely unknown. Here, this issue is addressed by directly measuring the density of states in bilayer graphene (BLG) interfaced with CrOCl via a high‐precision capacitance measurement technique and a surprising hysteretic behavior in the charging states of the heterostructure is observed. Such hysteretic behavior depends only on the history of magnetization, but not on the history of electrical gating; it can also be turned off electrically, providing a synergetic control of these non‐volatile states. First‐principles calculations attribute this observation to magnetic field‐controlled charge transfer between BLG and CrOCl during the phase transition of CrOCl from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferrimagnetic‐like (FiM) states. This magnetic‐electrical synergetic control mechanism broadens the scope of proximity effects and opens new possibilities for the design of advanced 2D heterostructures and devices.
An Immunomodulatory Hydrogel Featuring Antibacterial and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Properties for Treating Periodontitis in Diabetes
Authors: Ge Xinxin , Hu Jiajun , Qi Xiaoliang , Shi Yizuo , Chen Xiaojing , Xiang Yajing , Xu Hangbin , Li Ying , Zhang Yi , Shen Jianliang , Deng Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeriodontal disease is a multifactorial, bacterially induced inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. Additionally, diabetes mellitus exacerbates periodontitis, resulting in expedited resorption of periodontal bone. However, methods such as mechanical debridement, anti‐inflammatory medications, and surgical approaches often fail to eradicate local infections and inflammation, complicating the reconstruction of periodontal tissue structures. Consequently, there is an urgent need to devise a novel strategy for managing diabetic periodontal conditions. Here, a multifunctional controlled‐release drug delivery system (GOE1) is developed by encapsulating self‐assembled nanoparticles (consisting of chlorhexidine acetate and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate) into a hydrogel matrix composed of gelatin methacryloyl and oxidized hyaluronic acid. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the GOE1 hydrogel possesses good antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and transgenic sequence genomics further illustrates that IL‐17‐producing RAW 264.7 macrophages are critical for mediating M1/M2 macrophage transition and provide favorable immune microenvironment. In addition, in vivo experiments reveal that GOE1 significantly ameliorates periodontal tissue inflammation and reduces the loss of alveolar bone by reducing inflammatory infiltration and collagen destruction. Overall, the GOE1 hydrogel offers a promising therapeutic option for managing diabetic periodontitis.
Realizing 48.5 dB Gain in the E+S Band Using 12 m Bismuth‐Doped Fiber
Authors: Liu Shaokun , Yin Xiaoke , He Le , Li Wenzhen , Chu Yingbo , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBismuth‐doped fibers (BDFs) are renowned in wideband amplification due to their numerous gain bands, such as O, E, S, and U. However, the low amplification coefficient and excessive usage length hinder its further application, how to achieve a high amplification coefficient remains an unresolved challenge. In this study, a high‐efficiency bismuth‐doped germanosilicate fiber (BGDF) for E+S band amplification is developed using modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) combined with the solution doping technique. The BGDF achieves a gain of 48.5 dB using a length of only 12 m. The effects of bismuth active centers (BACs) and unsaturable loss (UL) determined by fiber drawing parameters and bismuth concentrations on amplification properties of the BGDFs are discussed. New observations and analysis are conducted on how variations in oxygen vacancies and the bismuth concentration impact BGDFs' luminescence intensity and lifetime. A successful optimization approach is devised to increase BACs levels and decrease UL by modifying drawing parameters and the bismuth concentration to facilitate the formation of low‐valence bismuth and oxygen vacancies. The results suggest that BGDFs are significant for the future expansion of the gain band to the E+S band.
A New Strategy to Enhance Room Temperature Phosphorescence Performance in Physical Doping Polymer System
Authors: Li Shuting , Qi Yanwen , Li Aisen , Yang Yuqi , Shan Mingda , Yang Kun , Wang Yong , Li Zhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhysical doping is a general and effective strategy to fabricate host‐guest room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymer materials. However, some aggregates of phosphors will appear due to their limited solubility and phase separation in polymer matrix, resulting in unstable and/or poor RTP property. In this work, a new strategy, the utilization of cyclodextrins with fit cavity size, is proposed to improve the dispersion of phosphors and enhance RTP performance both in covalent and ionic bond system. The resultant high Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency (ΦFRET) and outstanding RTP performance confirmed that the added cyclodextrins can effectively disperse fluorescence dye (guest) in covalently modified sodium alginate (SA‐R) matrix. Thanks to the introduced “ FRET ruler”, the distance between energy donor and acceptor can be measured, accompanying with the afterglow color of SA‐R films changing from green to red. For SA‐NpC@RhB, the introduction of β‐CD can enhance the ΦFRET up to 57.4%, with corresponding photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) as high as 21.15%. The ΦFRET for SA‐NpC/γ‐CD@SR101 is ≈8.5 times enhanced, with the corresponding ΦPL rising from 0.87% to 19.13%. Besides, this strategy is also successfully applied into ionic bond system (SA/R), and the ΦPL for SA/BDA/γ‐CD@RhB can reach 24.05%. Furthermore, these materials with good RTP performance are applied in multiple information encryption, optical information storage, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Regulating Crystallization and Defect Passivation of Perovskite Nanograin Toward Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Yue , Zhang Dengliang , Jin Guangrong , Yu Bufan , Duan Xingxing , Chen Kaiwang , Liu Jiacheng , Hong Wei , Wang Lei , Xing Guichuan , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPerovskite nanograins with a dimension larger than the Bohr exciton diameter have significant advantages in achieving high‐performance light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their bandgap uniformity and strong charge confinement effect. However, perovskite nanograin films prepared by the solution spin‐coating method are prone to produce massive defects due to the fast crystallization rate, leading to severe nonradiative recombination that greatly detracts the performance of LEDs. Therefore, regulating crystallization and minimizing defects plays a crucial role in the development of perovskite nanograins for high‐performance LEDs. Herein, a simple dual‐additive strategy is reported to manipulate the growth of high‐quality CsPbBr3‐based nanograin films. A multifunctional additive 5‐aminovaleric acid (5AVA) is introduced to slow down the crystallization rate of CsPbBr3, followed by the further addition of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) to achieve effective synergistic passivation of defects, which can significantly enhance radiative recombination rate and reduce defects‐induced nonradiative recombination. Ultimately, based on the 5AVA and TPPO co‐modified CsPbBr3 nanograins, the perovskite LEDs are fabricated achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.95% and an average EQE of approaching 20%, demonstrating excellent reproducibility. This work provides new insight into the crystallization regulation and defect passivation of perovskite nanograins and the further improvement of device performance.
Slow Metabolism–Driven Amplification of Hepatic PPARγ Agonism Mediates Benzbromarone‐Induced Obesity‐Specific Liver Injury
Authors: Li Guanting , Hu Yourong , Zhao Han , Peng Ziyu , Shang Xin , Zhang Jia , Xie Kunxin , Li Meiwei , Zhou Xiaohang , Zhou Qinyao , Li Kai , Zhou Fang , Wang Heyao , Xu Zhijian , Liu Jiali , Sun Peng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are established risk factors for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). The previous study demonstrates that benzbromarone (BBR), a commonly prescribed pharmaceutical agent for managing gout and hyperuricemia, exacerbates hepatic steatosis and liver injury specifically in obese individuals. However, the precise mechanism underpinning this adverse effect remains incompletely elucidated. Given the significance of BBR and its analogs in anti‐gout/hyperuricemia drug discovery, elucidating the mechanism by which BBR exacerbates obesity‐specific DILI warrants further investigation. In this study, through a combined multi‐omics, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic approaches, it is found that BBR‐induced obesity‐specific DILI is primarily through the potentiation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways. Further in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic analyses reveal that obese db/db mice exhibited a diminished capacity to metabolize BBR in their livers. This reduction leads to prolonged retention of BBR, subsequently resulting in chronic and sustained hepatic PPARγ agonism. This study demonstrates that a slow metabolism‐driven amplification of hepatic PPARγ agonism mediates BBR‐induced obesity‐specific hepatic steatosis and subsequent DILI, which also emphasizes the importance of the reduced hepatic drug metabolism capacity in patients with obesity or pre‐existing NAFLD in both clinical practice and drug discovery processes.
Tumor Site‐Specific In Vivo Theranostics Enabled by Microenvironment‐Dependent Chemical Transformation and Self‐Amplifying Effect
Authors: Zuo Yunfei , Li Pei , Wang Wen‐Jin , Xu Changhuo , Xu Shuting , Sung Herman H. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Jin Guorui , Wang Weiping , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrecise tumor diagnosis and treatment remain complex challenges. While numerous fluorescent probes have been developed for tumor‐specific imaging and therapy, few exhibit effective function in vivo. Herein, a probe called TQ‐H2 is designed that can realize robust theranostic effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, TQ‐H2 specifically targets the lysosome and reacts with hydroxyl radical (·OH) to generate TQ‐HA, which lights up the cells. TQ‐HA generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, enabling the simultaneous induction and monitoring of apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Remarkably, TQ‐HA also acts as a self‐amplifier, autocatalytically activating TQ‐H2 by generating ·OH under light exposure. This self‐amplification aligns with the tumor microenvironment, where TQ‐H2 undergoes chemical transformation, distinguishing tumors from healthy tissue via near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, ROS generated by TQ‐HA effectively kills tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth without harming normal cells. This study offers a promising strategy for targeted tumor theranostics using self‐amplifying microenvironment‐responsive fluorescent probes.
“Brick‐Mortar‐Binder” Design toward Highly Elastic, Hydrophobic, and Flame‐Retardant Thermal Insulator
Authors: Sui Shanying , Quan Huafeng , Wang Jingxing , Lu Yufang , Yang Yufan , Sheng Yuhan , Sun Zhifang , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdvanced aerogels hold immense potential in thermal insulation. However, achieving high environmental adaptability aerogel insulators with elasticity, hydrophobicity, flame‐retardancy, and low temperature tolerance remains a significant challenge. Inspired by a “brick‐mortar‐binder” biomimetic texture, a layered double hydroxide/carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/Si–O–Si (LCS) hybrid aerogel is developed by bottom‐up freeze‐drying. Owing to the distinct building blocks and organized structure, as‐prepared LCS hybrid aerogel exhibits impressive mechanical elasticity, cycling stability at an extremely low temperature (‐196 °C), hydrophobicity, and flame‐retardancy (LOI = 44.6%, UL‐94: V‐0). Additionally, the incorporation of layered double hydroxide effectively improves the thermal insulation property (thermal conductivity = 0.0296 W·m−1·K−1). These distinctive features make the LCS hybrid aerogel highly promising for thermal management applications in extreme conditions, such as in pipelines for transporting liquid nitrogen and liquefied natural gas.
Information Framing Effects on Diet Choices Among Chinese Urban Residents
Authors: Chen Kevin , Yu Luyun , Lin Wen , Ortega David L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnhealthy diets have become a leading contributor to death and disability globally. The current Chinese diet falls short of a healthy diet, including too much meat, oil, salt, and sugar while having insufficient levels of whole grains, fruits, nuts, and milk. Transforming Chinese dietary patterns has become urgent. This paper compares the effectiveness of information framing effects on enhancing Chinese consumers' healthy diet choices, varied by information content, source, and presentation. The survey is conducted across six Chinese cities, with a sample of 3150 urban consumers. Chinese consumers' healthy diet choices are measured using an online discrete choice experiment. Four different diet patterns were used to label each of the product alternatives in the experiment, which varied in taste and cost. Results reveal that compared to positive information; negatively framed healthy information is more effective in increasing Chinese consumers' valuations for healthy diets. Consumer valuation of a healthy whole diet is significantly enhanced when the information is from social celebrities, compared to information from a scientific source. Moreover, when health information is disclosed via social media, its effectiveness in promoting healthy diet choices is significantly reduced. Our findings have implications for designing and implementing nutrition policies and programs in China and other developing countries.