bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental loss of generalist plants reveals alterations in plant-pollinator interactions and a constrained flexibility of foraging
Authors: Biella Paolo , Akter Asma , Ollerton Jeff , Tarrant Sam , Janeček Štěpán , Jersáková Jana , Klecka Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpecies extinctions undermine ecosystem functioning, with the loss of a small subset of functionally important species having a disproportionate impact. However, little is known about the effects of species loss on plant-pollinator interactions. We addressed this issue in a field experiment by removing the plant species with the highest visitation frequency, then measuring the impact of plant removal on flower visitation, pollinator effectiveness and insect foraging in several sites. Our results show that total visitation decreased exponentially after removing 1–4 most visited plants, suggesting that these plants could benefit co-occurring ones by maintaining high flower visitor abundances. Although we found large variation among plant species, the redistribution of the pollinator guild affected mostly the other plants with high visitor richness. Also, the plant traits mediated the effect of removal on flower visitation; while visitation of plants which had smaller inflorescences and more sugar per flower increased after removal, flower visitors did not switch between flower shapes and visitation decreased mostly in plants visited by many morpho-species of flower visitors. Together, these results suggest that the potential adaptive foraging was constrained by flower traits. Moreover, pollinator effectiveness fluctuated but was not directly linked to changes of flower visitation. In conclusion, it seems that the loss of generalist plants alters plant-pollinator interactions by decreasing pollinator abundance with implications for pollination and insect foraging. Therefore, generalist plants have high conservation value because they sustain the complex pattern of plant-pollinator interactions.
mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells is essential for the formation but not expression of associative eyeblink memory
Authors: Nakao Harumi , Kishimoto Yasushi , Hashimoto Kouichi , Kitamura Kazuo , Yamasaki Miwako , Nakao Kazuki , Watanabe Masahiko , Kano Masanobu , Kirino Yutaka , Aiba Atsu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClassical eyeblink conditioning is a representative associative motor learning that requires both the cerebellar cortex and the deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN). Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) is richly expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellar cortex. Global mGluR1 knock-out (KO) mice show a significantly lower percentage of conditioned response (CR%) than wild-type mice in eyeblink conditioning, and the impaired CR% is restored by the introduction of mGluR1 in PCs. However, the specific roles of mGluR1 in major memory processes, including formation, storage and expression have not yet been defined. We thus examined the role of mGluR1 in these processes of eyeblink conditioning, using mGluR1 conditional KO (cKO) mice harboring a selective and reversible expression of mGluR1 in PCs. We have found that eyeblink memory is not latently formed in the absence of mGluR1 in adult mouse PCs. However, once acquired, eyeblink memory is expressed even after the depletion of mGluR1 in PCs. We thus conclude that mGluR1 in PCs is indispensable for the formation of eyeblink memory, while it is not required for the expression of CR.
A biological function based biomarker panel optimization process
Authors: Lee Min Young , Kim Taek-Kyun , Walters Kathie-Anne , Wang Kai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImplementation of multi-gene biomarker panels identified from high throughput data, including microarray or next generation sequencing, need to be adapted to a platform suitable in a clinical setting such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, technical challenges when transitioning from one measurement platform to another, such as inconsistent measurement results can affect panel development. We describe a process to overcome the challenges by replacing poor performing genes during platform transition and reducing the number of features without impacting classification performance. This approach assumes that a diagnostic panel reflects the effect of dysregulated biological processes associated with a disease, and genes involved in the same biological processes and coordinately affected by a disease share a similar discriminatory power. The utility of this optimization process was assessed using a published sepsis diagnostic panel. Substitution of more than half of the genes and/or reducing genes based on biological processes did not negatively affect the performance of the sepsis diagnostic panel. Our results suggest a systematic gene substitution and reduction process based on biological function can be used to alleviate the challenges associated with clinical development of biomarker panels.
Selection of a novel DNA aptamer against OFA/iLRP for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to AML cells
Authors: An Yacong , Hu Yan , Li Xundou , Li Zhaoyi , Duan Jinhong , Yang Xian-Da 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe standard treatment for most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is chemotherapy, which is often associated with severe adverse effects. One strategy to reduce the adverse effects is targeted therapy that can selectively deliver anticancer drugs to tumor cells. Immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP) is a potential target for AML treatment, because it is over-expressed on the surface of AML cells but under-expressed in normal tissue. In this study, we developed the first aptamer for OFA/iLRP and explored its potential as a targeting ligand for delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to AML cells in vitro. The selected aptamer (AB3) was a 59-base DNA oligonucleotides. It bound to OFA/iLRP structure with a Kd of 101 nM and had minimal cross-reactivity to albumin, trypsin, or ovalbumin. Moreover, AB3 could bind to OFA/iLRP-positive AML cells but not the OFA/iLRP-negative control cells. An aptamer-doxorubicin (Apt-Dox) complex was formed by intercalating doxorubicin into the DNA structure of AB3. Apt-Dox selectively delivered Dox to OFA/iLRP-positive AML cells but notably decreased the drug intake by OFA/iLRP-negative control cells. In addition, cytotoxicity study revealed that Apt-Dox efficaciously destroyed the OFA/iLRP-positive AML cells, but significantly reduced the damage to control cells. The results indicate that the OFA/iLRP aptamer AB3 may have application potential in targeted therapy against AML.
Plastic leachates impair growth and oxygen production in Prochlorococcus, the ocean’s most abundant photosynthetic bacteria
Authors: Tetu Sasha G. , Sarker Indrani , Schrameyer Verena , Pickford Russell , Elbourne Liam D. H. , Moore Lisa R. , Paulsen Ian T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlastic pollution is a global threat to marine ecosystems. Plastic litter can leach a variety of substances into marine environments; however, virtually nothing is known regarding how this affects photosynthetic bacteria at the base of the marine food web. To address this, we investigated the effect of plastic leachate exposure on marine Prochlorococcus, widely considered the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth and vital contributors to global primary production and carbon cycling. Two strains of Prochlorococcus representing distinct ecotypes were exposed to leachate from common plastic items: high-density polyethylene bags and polyvinyl chloride matting. We show leachate exposure strongly impairs Prochlorococcus in vitro growth and photosynthetic capacity and results in genome-wide transcriptional changes. The strains showed distinct differences in the extent and timing of their response to each leachate. Consequently, plastic leachate exposure could influence marine Prochlorococcus community composition and potentially the broader composition and productivity of ocean phytoplankton communities.
Postnatal inflammation following intrauterine inflammation exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Bekkering Siroon , Limawan Albert P. , Nguyen Maria U. , Widiasmoko Lisa K. , Lu Hui , Pepe Salvatore , Cheung Michael M. , Menheniott Trevelyan R. , Wallace Megan J. , Burgner David P. , Moss Timothy J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that has its origins in early life. Postnatal inflammation exacerbates atherosclerosis, but the possible effect of intrauterine inflammation is largely unexplored. Exposure to inflammation in utero is common, especially in infants born preterm, who have increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We hypothesised that exposure to inflammation before birth would accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, with the most severe atherosclerosis following exposure to both pre- and postnatal inflammation. Here we studied the effect of prenatal and postnatal inflammation on the development of atherosclerosis by combining established techniques for modelling histological chorioamnionitis and atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice. A single intra-amniotic (IA) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused intrauterine inflammation, and increased atherosclerosis at 13 weeks of postnatal age. In mice exposed to postnatal LPS, chorioamnionitis modulated subsequent responses; atherosclerotic lesion size, number and severity were greatest for mice exposed to both intrauterine and postnatal inflammation, with a concomitant decrease in collagen content and increased inflammation of the atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, pre- and postnatal inflammation have additive and deleterious effects on the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. The findings are particularly relevant to preterm human infants, whose gestations are frequently complicated by chorioamnionitis and who are particularly susceptible to repeated postnatal infections. Human and mechanistic studies are warranted to guide preventative strategies.
Uncovering complex molecular networks in host–pathogen interactions using systems biology
Authors: Peters Joshua M. , Solomon Sydney L. , Itoh Christopher Y. , Bryson Bryan D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Interactions between pathogens and their hosts can induce complex changes in both host and pathogen states to privilege pathogen survival or host clearance of the pathogen. To determine the consequences of specific host–pathogen interactions, a variety of techniques in microbiology, cell biology, and immunology are available to researchers. Systems biology that enables unbiased measurements of transcriptomes, proteomes, and other biomolecules has become increasingly common in the study of host–pathogen interactions. These approaches can be used to generate novel hypotheses or to characterize the effects of particular perturbations across an entire biomolecular network. With proper experimental design and complementary data analysis tools, high-throughput omics techniques can provide novel insights into the mechanisms that underlie processes from phagocytosis to pathogen immune evasion. Here, we provide an overview of the suite of biochemical approaches for high-throughput analyses of host–pathogen interactions, analytical frameworks for understanding the resulting datasets, and a vision for the future of this exciting field.
The Viability of Media Interviews as Materials for Auditory Training
Authors: Casserly Elizabeth D. , Krizmanich Thea , Drews Hunter 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Rehabilitative auditory training for people with hearing loss faces 2 primary challenges: generalization of learning to novel contexts and user adherence to training goals. We hypothesized that using interview excerpts from popular media as training materials would have the potential to positively influence both of these areas. Interviews contain predictable, structured complexity that promotes perceptual generalization and are also designed to be engaging for consumers. This study tested the viability of such popular media interviews as training materials, comparing their effectiveness to that obtained with sentence transcription training.

Method

Young adults with normal hearing (
N
= 60) completed 1 hr of transcription training using noise-vocoded materials, simulating acoustic perception through an 8-channel cochlear implant. Participants completed pre- and posttraining assessments of vocoded speech perception in quiet and in noise, along with posttraining high-variability sentence recognition and cued isolated word recognition. Scores on all tests were compared across 4 randomly assigned groups differing in training materials: audiovisual interviews, audio-only interviews, isolated sentences, and undegraded isolated sentences (providing an untrained control comparison group).

Results
Recognition in quiet and in noise improved with both types of interview-based training, and interview training groups outperformed the control group on all generalization tests. Participants in the audiovisual interview group also reported significantly higher, more sustained engagement in a retrospective survey.

Conclusions
Media interviews appear to be at least as effective as isolated sentences for transcription-based auditory training in simulated hearing loss settings with young adults and may improve engagement and generalization of benefit in auditory training applications.
Exzessive Gewichtszunahme und Adipositas in der
Schwangerschaft: Zusammenhänge zur psychischen Gesundheit der Mutter nach der
Entbindung
Authors: Nagl Michaela , Lehnig Franziska , Stepan Holger , Wagner Birgit , Kersting Anette 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Adipositas, eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme und psychische
Belastungen während der Schwangerschaft sind mit erheblichen gesundheitlichen
Risiken für die Mutter und das ungeborene Kind verbunden. Ziel der Studie war
die Erfassung der Prävalenz von Adipositas und einer exzessiven Gewichtszunahme
sowie von Zusammenhängen zur psychischen Gesundheit der Mutter nach der
Entbindung.
Methodik In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden 774 Frauen im Alter zwischen
18 und 43 Jahren. Die postpartale psychische Gesundheit wurde mithilfe des
BDI-II und der SCL-90-R erfasst.
Ergebnisse 47,3 % der Frauen wiesen eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme auf.
Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas betrug 15,4 % bzw. 7,6 %.
Übergewicht und Adipositas waren relativ zum Normalgewicht mit einem höheren
Risiko für eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme assoziiert (2,92 ≤ OR ≤ 3,75;
p < 0,001; p = 0,008). Eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme war mit einem höheren
Risiko für Makrosomie assoziiert (OR = 2,06; 95 % CI: 1,21–3,50). Für Adipositas
zeigte sich eine Tendenz für ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine klinisch relevante
postpartale depressive Symptomatik (OR = 2,16; 95 % CI: 0,99–4,69;
p = 0,052).
Schlussfolgerung Adipositas und exzessive Gewichtszunahme in der
Schwangerschaft stellen auch in unserer Stichprobe ein häufiges und
ernstzunehmendes Problem dar. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit
effektiver Präventionsprogramme sowie der Berücksichtigung der mütterlichen
psychischen Gesundheit.
Soft-power, culturalism and developing economies: the case of Global Ibsen
Authors: Huq Sabiha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper on soft-power connected with culturalism vis-à-vis Henrik Ibsen, draws its essence from the term ‘soft power’ coined and defined by Joseph S Nye Jr. and read in contiguity with ‘culturalism’ that Arjun Appadurai connotes as “identity politics mobilised at the level of the nation-state”. On these terms, the present author perceives ‘soft power’ as a force that affects or is expected to affect not just few specially endowed individuals in any given society; rather as one that works upon the mindscapes of the commoner, or in the collective unconscious. The quintessential social critic that inheres Ibsen the playwright, is here looked upon as such a reservoir of soft-power, whose dramatic oeuvre and its subsequent global reception have ignited ideas of social reform and thus have become part of Norwegian culturalism and soft power. While the Norwegian Government has funded projects and encouraged institutional collaborations in this connection, individuals too have taken up vital roles in establishing intercultural links using Ibsen as their ambassador. At present Ibsen is part of cultural exchange between Norway and many developing countries of Asia and Africa. What happens to the targeted receivers of such soft power is a valid question and this paper explores soft power from the perspective of the third world marginalised subject position. Dwelling upon specific channels of Norwegian soft-power that have proven world-wide currency, and the indefatigable ways in which Ibsen has been a major tool in such soft diplomacy, this paper attempts to analyse how Ibsen the dramatist has eventually become a significant part of Norwegian culturalism as soft power whose outreach is aimed at the egalitarian ideal, hence imbued with enormous potential to function as a strong influence in intercultural affairs.
sGC stimulator praliciguat suppresses stellate cell fibrotic transformation and inhibits fibrosis and inflammation in models of NASH
Authors: Hall Katherine C. , Bernier Sylvie G. , Jacobson Sarah , Liu Guang , Zhang Ping Y. , Sarno Renee , Catanzano Victoria , Currie Mark G. , Masferrer Jaime L. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly common disease characterized by liver steatosis and inflammation—with fibrosis being an important indicator of disease progression and severity—and is associated with reduced endothelial function and NO–soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signaling. Signaling downstream of NO can be restored using praliciguat, an sGC stimulator. Within the liver, stellate cells and myofibroblasts express sGC (unlike hepatocytes) and thus can be stimulated by praliciguat. Increased sGC activity inhibits fibrotic transformation and inflammatory responses in stellate cells potentially through AMPK and SMAD7. The effects on isolated stellate cells translate to human microtissues and in vivo models where treatment with praliciguat reduces inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis. These preclinical results support further investigation of praliciguat as a potential therapy for NASH/fibrosis.
Contributions of semantic richness to the processing of idioms
Authors: Findlay Holly , Carrol Gareth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIdiom studies typically consider variables such as familiarity, decomposability and literal plausibility, and the contributions of these to how figurative phrases are processed are well established. In this study we consider the effect of a previously untested variable: semantic richness. Semantic richness refers broadly to the range of semantic information denoted by a lexical item, and reflects features such as imageability, number of senses, semantic neighbourhood, etc. This has generally been restricted to single words and sometimes to metaphors, so here we investigate how some aspects of this measure – specifically those reflecting perceptual characteristics – contribute to the processing of idiomatic expressions. Results show that aspects of semantic richness affect idiom processing in different ways, with some (emotional valence) contributing to faster processing of figuratively related words, and others (those that highlight physical and literal aspects of the idiom) showing an inhibitory effect. We also show that for some of the dimensions of semantic richness considered here, there is a significant correlation between a measure constructed from the ratings of component words, and one gathered from ratings for the phrase as a whole, suggesting a straightforward way to operationalise semantic richness at a multiword level.
Semantic neighbourhoods
Authors: Lutfallah Susan , Fast Candice , Rangan Chitra , Buchanan Lori 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The contributions of semantic processing have come under increasing attention in recent years (Yap, Pexman, Wellsby, Hargreaves, & Huff, 2012), and variables that measure the
semantic content of words are a requirement of this increased experimental attention. The density and size of semantic
neighborhoods derived from computational models have been shown to predict reaction times across a range of psycholinguistic tasks
(e.g., Danguecan & Buchanan, 2016), and the distance between two words in semantic
space has been shown to predict priming (Kenett, Levi, Anaki & Faust, 2017). The
data to support the construction of stimulus sets that use these variables are complicated to obtain. The app that we describe
here makes these measures of semantics available for 100,000 English words.
Imageability, familiarity, and age of acquisition ratings for
Arabic abstract nouns, abstract verbs and adjectives
Authors: Khwaileh Tariq , Mustafawi Eiman , Howard David , Herbert Ruth 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To date, normative psycholinguistics research has mainly focused
on establishing norms for producing databases for concrete words using
standardized pictures, while abstract words have been subject to much less
attention. Understandably, the fact that the first can be represented visually
helps in formulating picture-naming tasks to elicit verbal identification for
pictures representing nouns and verbs, which greatly contributes to language
experiments in both theoretical and clinical studies. The present study argues
for the equal importance of studies that aim to develop databases for abstract
words, as language use is not restricted to picturable/concrete concepts. We
provide norms for a set of 165 abstract nouns, 56 abstract verbs and 109
abstract adjectives, collected from healthy speakers of Arabic. Using rating
tasks, norms for imageability, age of acquisition, and familiarity are
established. Linguistic factors such as syllable length and phoneme length are
also accounted for. We also include orthographic frequency values (extracted
from AraLex; Boudelaa and Marslen-Wilson,
2010). The norms for the processing of abstract words collected in
the current study present a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians
working with speakers of Arabic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
dataset of abstract words for the Arabic language.
Assessment of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Authors: Sauter Jennifer L , Lehrke Heidi , Zhang Xiaotun , Al Badri Osamah T , Rodriguez-Gutierrez Rene , Delivanis Danae A , Singh Ospina Naykky , Donegan Diane , Hamidi Oksana , Iñiguez-Ariza Nicole , Sharma Anu , Kittah Nana Esi N , Tamhane Shrikant U , Hurtado Andrade Maria D , Kotwal Anupam , Jenkins Sarah M , Spears Grant , Rivera Michael , Dean Diana S , Henry Michael R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesLong-term follow-up is important for determining performance characteristics of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA).MethodsHistologic or 3 or more years of clinical follow-up was used to calculate performance characteristics of thyroid FNA before and after implementation of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). The impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) classification was also investigated.ResultsFollow-up was obtained for 1,277/1,134 and 1,616/1,393 aspirates/patients (median clinical follow-up, 9.9 and 4.4 years, pre- and post-TBSRTC, respectively). Nondiagnostic, suspicious for follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy (SFM) diagnoses decreased and benign diagnoses increased post-TBSRTC, while atypical rate remained less than 1%. Negative predictive value for benign nodules and positive predictive value (PPV) for SFM increased significantly. Eleven nodules were reclassified as NIFTP, slightly decreasing PPV/risk of malignancy (ROM).ConclusionsAppropriate ROM for thyroid FNA can be achieved through application of TBSRTC terminology with minimal use of atypical category.