bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Associations Between Clinical Respiratory Outcomes and Ambient Wildfire Smoke Exposure Among Pediatric Asthma Patients at National Jewish Health, 2012–2015
Authors: Lipner Ettie M. , O'Dell Katelyn , Brey Steven J. , Ford Bonne , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Fischer Emily V. , Crooks James L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWildfires are a growing threat in the United States. At a population level, exposure to ambient wildfire smoke is known to be associated with severe asthma outcomes such as hospitalizations. However, little work has been done on subacute clinical asthma outcomes, especially in sensitive populations. This study retrospectively investigated associations between ambient wildfire smoke exposure and measures of lung function and asthma control, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Children's Asthma Control Test (CACT) test scores, during nonurgent clinic visits. The study population consisted of pediatric asthma patients (ages 4–21;n = 1,404 for FEV1 andn = 395 for ACT/CACT) at National Jewish Health, a respiratory referral hospital in Denver, Colorado, and therefore represents a more severe asthma phenotype than the general pediatric asthma population. Wildfire smoke‐related PM2.5at patients' residential ZIP codes was characterized using satellite‐derived smoke polygons from NOAA's Hazard Mapping System combined with kriging of ground‐based U.S. EPA monitors. Mixed effect models were used to estimate associations between clinical outcomes and smoke PM2.5exposure, controlling for known risk factors and confounders. Among older children aged 12–21 we found that wildfire PM2.5was associated with lower FEV1 the next day but higher FEV1 the day after. We found no associations between wildfire PM2.5and FEV1 in younger children or between wildfire PM2.5and asthma control measured by the ACT/CACT in all ages. We speculate that rescue medication usage by older children may decrease respiratory symptoms caused by wildfire smoke.
Short‐Fractional Hop Whistler Rate Observed by the Low‐Altitude Satellite DEMETER at the End of the Solar Cycle 23
Authors: Parrot M. , Pinçon J.‐L. , Shklyar D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor the first time an evaluation of the whistler rate around the Earth is performed using results from the neural network aboard the microsatellite DEMETER. It is shown that the rate of whistlers with low dispersion calculated all around the Earth as a function of longitude vary between 1 and 6 s−1 during nighttime (22.30 LT) and between 0.5 and 0.7 s−1 during daytime (10.30 LT). The whistler rate is anticorrelated with the F10.7‐cm solar flux. A decrease by 25% of the solar flux corresponds to an increase of 62% (26%) of the averaged whistler rate calculated for the entire Earth during nighttime (daytime). Using this averaged whistler rate, the global lightning rate is estimated to be of the order of 123 s−1 (27 s−1) during nighttime (daytime). The main conclusion concerns the precipitation of the electrons in the radiation belt by interaction with the whistlers. It is shown that the decrease of the lightning activity at solar minimum (shown with the help of the Schumann resonances) is largely counterbalanced by the increase of the whistler rates in the upper part of the ionosphere due to the decrease of the ionospheric absorption.
Individual and Combined Impacts of Two Eurasian Wave Trains on Intraseasonal East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability
Authors: Jiao Yang , Wu Renguang , Song Lei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates the intraseasonal wind variations over East Asia during boreal winter. It is shown that the wind variations less than 30 days are the main component of total intraseasonal signal. The intraseasonal variations in this time period are associated with two distinctive wave trains over Eurasia starting from the North Atlantic Ocean. One wave train propagates along the polar front jet eastward over Europe and Siberia and then southeastward after passing the Lake Baikal. The other wave train propagates along the subtropical jet southeastward through the Mediterranean region and the Arabian Peninsula to north India and then eastward to southern China. The East Asian wind and temperature anomalies are determined by the combination of the two wave trains. An anomalous cyclone forms over East Asia with large extent and intensity when the two wave trains work coherently, resulting in strong lower‐level northerly wind anomalies with a large meridional extent. More cold air is transported southward from high latitudes by anomalous northerly winds, causing widespread and large temperature decrease in East Asia. When only a single wave train exists, lower‐level wind and temperature anomalies are reduced. When there is a destructive interference of the two wave trains, the lower‐level wind and temperature anomalies are weak in East Asia. Observational analyses and barotropic model experiments indicate that the formation of the two wave trains may be related to the combination of disturbances at different locations over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Deletion of Dtnbp1 in mice impairs threat memory consolidation and is associated with enhanced inhibitory drive in the amygdala
Authors: Huang Cathy C. Y. , Muszynski Kevin J. , Bolshakov Vadim Y. , Balu Darrick T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe and highly heritable disorder. Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), also known as dysbindin-1, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein expression are decreased in the brains of subjects with this disorder. Mice lacking dysbinidn-1 also display behavioral phenotypes similar to those observed in schizophrenic patients. However, it remains unknown whether deletion of dysbindin-1 impacts functions of the amygdala, a brain region that is critical for emotional processing, which is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. Here, we show that dysbindin-1 is expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Deletion of dysbindin-1 in male mice (Dys−/−) impaired cued and context-dependent threat memory, without changes in measures of anxiety. The behavioral deficits observed in Dys−/− mice were associated with perturbations in the BLA, including the enhancement of GABAergic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, increased numbers of parvalbumin interneurons, and morphological abnormalities of dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight an important role for dysbindin-1 in the regulation of amygdalar function and indicate that enhanced inhibition of BLA pyramidal neuron activity may contribute to the weakened threat memory expression observed in Dys−/− mice.
Anomalous metal segregation in lithium-rich material provides design rules for stable cathode in lithium-ion battery
Authors: Lin Ruoqian , Hu Enyuan , Liu Mingjie , Wang Yi , Cheng Hao , Wu Jinpeng , Zheng Jin-Cheng , Wu Qin , Bak Seongmin , Tong Xiao , Zhang Rui , Yang Wanli , Persson Kristin A. , Yu Xiqian , Yang Xiao-Qing , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of studying the instability of delithiated cathode materials, it remains difficult to underpin the degradation mechanism of lithium-rich cathode materials due to the complication of combined chemical and structural evolutions. Herein, we use state-of-the-art electron microscopy tools, in conjunction with synchrotron X-ray techniques and first-principle calculations to study a 4d-element-containing compound, Li2Ru0.5Mn0.5O3. We find surprisingly, after cycling, ruthenium segregates out as metallic nanoclusters on the reconstructed surface. Our calculations show that the unexpected ruthenium metal segregation is due to its thermodynamic insolubility in the oxygen deprived surface. This insolubility can disrupt the reconstructed surface, which explains the formation of a porous structure in this material. This work reveals the importance of studying the thermodynamic stability of the reconstructed film on the cathode materials and offers a theoretical guidance for choosing manganese substituting elements in lithium-rich as well as stoichiometric layer-layer compounds for stabilizing the cathode surface.
Influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins form liquid organelles at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites
Authors: Alenquer Marta , Vale-Costa Sílvia , Etibor Temitope Akhigbe , Ferreira Filipe , Sousa Ana Laura , Amorim Maria João 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfluenza A virus has an eight-partite RNA genome that during viral assembly forms a complex containing one copy of each RNA. Genome assembly is a selective process driven by RNA-RNA interactions and is hypothesized to lead to discrete punctate structures scattered through the cytosol. Here, we show that contrary to the accepted view, formation of these structures precedes RNA-RNA interactions among distinct viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), as they assemble in cells expressing only one vRNP type. We demonstrate that these viral inclusions display characteristics of liquid organelles, segregating from the cytosol without a delimitating membrane, dynamically exchanging material and adapting fast to environmental changes. We provide evidence that viral inclusions develop close to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, depend on continuous ER-Golgi vesicular cycling and do not promote escape to interferon response. We propose that viral inclusions segregate vRNPs from the cytosol and facilitate selected RNA-RNA interactions in a liquid environment.
The role of enhanced velocity shears in rapid ocean cooling during Super Typhoon Nepartak 2016
Authors: Yang Yiing Jang , Chang Ming-Huei , Hsieh Chia-Ying , Chang Hung-I , Jan Sen , Wei Ching-Ling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTyphoon is a major cause of multiple disasters in coastal regions of East Asia. To advance our understanding of typhoon–ocean interactions and thus to improve the typhoon forecast for the disaster mitigation, two data buoys were deployed in the western North Pacific, which captured Super Typhoon Nepartak (equivalent to Category 5) in July 2016 at distances <20 km from the typhoon’s eye center. Here we demonstrate that the unprecedented dataset combined with the modeling results provide new insights into the rapid temperature drop (~1.5 °C in 4 h) and the dramatic strengthening of velocity shear in the mixed layer and below as the driving mechanism for this rapid cooling during the direct influence period of extremely strong winds. The shear instability and associated strong turbulence mixing further deepened the mixed layer to ~120 m. Our buoys also observed that inertial oscillations appeared before the direct wind influence period.
Optimizing radionuclide sequestration in anion nanotraps with record pertechnetate sorption
Authors: Sun Qi , Zhu Lin , Aguila Briana , Thallapally Praveen K. , Xu Chao , Chen Jing , Wang Shuao , Rogers David , Ma Shengqian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe elimination of specific contaminants from competitors poses a significant challenge. Rather than relying on a single direct interaction, the cooperation of multiple functionalities is an emerging strategy for adsorbents design to achieve the required affinity. Here, we describe that the interaction with the target species can be altered by modifying the local environment of the direct contact site, as demonstrated by manipulating the affinity of pyridinium-based anion nanotraps toward pertechnetate. Systematic control of the substituent effect allows the resulting anion nanotraps to combine multiple features, overcoming the long-term challenge of TcO4− segregation under extreme conditions of super acidity and basicity, strong irradiation field, and high ionic strength. The top material exhibits the highest sorption capacity together with record-high extraction efficiencies after a single treatment from conditions relevant to the used nuclear fuel (Hanford tank wastes, 95%) and legacy nuclear wastes (Savannah River Sites, 80%) among materials reported thus far.
Trapping single atoms on a nanophotonic circuit with configurable tweezer lattices
Authors: Kim May E. , Chang Tzu-Han , Fields Brian M. , Chen Cheng-An , Hung Chen-Lung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTrapped atoms near nanophotonics form an exciting platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matter. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents an opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. Here we implement a configurable optical tweezer array over a planar photonic circuit tailored for cold atom integration and control for trapping and high-fidelity imaging of one or more atoms in an array directly on a photonic structure. Using an optical conveyor belt formed by a moving optical lattice within a tweezer potential, we show that single atoms can be transported from a reservoir into close proximity of a photonic interface, potentially allowing for the synthesis of a defect-free atom-nanophotonic hybrid lattice. Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and applications in quantum technology.
A Bayesian mixture model for clustering droplet-based single-cell transcriptomic data from population studies
Authors: Sun Zhe , Chen Li , Xin Hongyi , Jiang Yale , Huang Qianhui , Cillo Anthony R. , Tabib Tracy , Kolls Jay K. , Bruno Tullia C. , Lafyatis Robert , Vignali Dario A. A. , Chen Kong , Ding Ying , Hu Ming , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe recently developed droplet-based single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology makes it feasible to perform a population-scale scRNA-seq study, in which the transcriptome is measured for tens of thousands of single cells from multiple individuals. Despite the advances of many clustering methods, there are few tailored methods for population-scale scRNA-seq studies. Here, we develop a Bayesian mixture model for single-cell sequencing (BAMM-SC) method to cluster scRNA-seq data from multiple individuals simultaneously. BAMM-SC takes raw count data as input and accounts for data heterogeneity and batch effect among multiple individuals in a unified Bayesian hierarchical model framework. Results from extensive simulation studies and applications of BAMM-SC to in-house experimental scRNA-seq datasets using blood, lung and skin cells from humans or mice demonstrate that BAMM-SC outperformed existing clustering methods with considerable improved clustering accuracy, particularly in the presence of heterogeneity among individuals.
Competitive endogenous RNA is an intrinsic component of EMT regulatory circuits and modulates EMT
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Xue Mengzhu , Du Shaowei , Feng Wanwan , Zhang Ke , Zhang Liwen , Liu Haiyue , Jia Guoyi , Wu Lingshuang , Hu Xin , Chen Luonan , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis suggests an intrinsic mechanism to regulate biological processes. However, whether the dynamic changes of ceRNAs can modulate miRNA activities remains controversial. Here, we examine the dynamics of ceRNAs during TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We observe that TGFBI, a transcript highly induced during EMT in A549 cells, acts as the ceRNA for miR-21 to modulate EMT. We further identify FN1 as the ceRNA for miR-200c in the canonical SNAIL-ZEB-miR200 circuit in MCF10A cells. Experimental assays and computational simulations demonstrate that the dynamically induced ceRNAs are directly coupled with the canonical double negative feedback loops and are critical to the induction of EMT. These results help to establish the relevance of ceRNA in cancer EMT and suggest that ceRNA is an intrinsic component of the EMT regulatory circuit and may represent a potential target to disrupt EMT during tumorigenesis.
Accelerated nonlinear interactions in graded-index multimode fibers
Authors: Eftekhar M. A. , Sanjabi-Eznaveh Z. , Lopez-Aviles H. E. , Benis S. , Antonio-Lopez J. E. , Kolesik M. , Wise F. , Amezcua-Correa R. , Christodoulides D. N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMultimode optical fibers have recently reemerged as a viable platform for addressing a number of long-standing issues associated with information bandwidth requirements and power-handling capabilities. As shown in recent studies, the complex nature of such heavily multimoded systems can be effectively exploited to observe altogether novel physical effects arising from spatiotemporal and intermodal linear and nonlinear processes. Here, we study for the first time, accelerated nonlinear intermodal interactions in core-diameter decreasing multimode fibers. We demonstrate that in the anomalous dispersion region, this spatiotemporal acceleration can lead to relatively blue-shifted multimode solitons and blue-drifting dispersive wave combs, while in the normal domain, to a notably flat and uniform supercontinuum, extending over 2.5 octaves. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the physics and complexity of nonlinear, heavily multimoded optical systems, and could lead to highly tunable optical sources with very high spectral densities.
Identification of a Novel Anti-cancer Protein, FIP-bbo, from Botryobasidium botryosum and Protein Structure Analysis using Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Ying Nv , Bai Rui , Chen Hong Yu , Wu Ying Ying , Shang Jun Jun , Bao Da Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFungal immunoregulatory proteins (FIP) are effective small molecule proteins with broad-spectrum immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities and can be potential agents for the development of clinical drugs and health food additives. In this study, a new member of FIP named FIP-bbo was obtained through Botryobasidium botryosum genome mining. FIP-bbo has the typical characteristics of FIP but is genetically distant from other FIPs. Recombinant FIP-bbo (rFIP-bbo) was produced in an optimized E. coli expression system, and the pure protein was isolated using a Ni-NTA column. Antineoplastic experiments suggested that FIP-bbo is similar to LZ-8 in inhibiting various cancer cells (Hela, Spac-1, and A549) at lower concentrations, but it is not as potent as LZ-8. The molecular mechanism by which FIP-bbo, FIP-fve, and LZ-8 are cytotoxic to cancer cells has been discussed based on molecular dynamics simulation. Point mutations that may improve the thermal stability of FIP-fve and FIP-bbo were predicted. These results not only present a new candidate protein for the development of anticancer adjuvants, but also provide an approach for designing FIPs with high anticancer activity.
Evaluation of an untargeted nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach to expand coverage of low molecular weight dissolved organic matter in Arctic soil
Authors: Ladd Mallory P. , Giannone Richard J. , Abraham Paul E. , Wullschleger Stan D. , Hettich Robert L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCharacterizing low molecular weight (LMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils and evaluating the availability of this labile pool is critical to understanding the underlying mechanisms that control carbon storage or release across terrestrial systems. However, due to wide-ranging physicochemical diversity, characterizing this complex mixture of small molecules and how it varies across space remains an analytical challenge. Here, we evaluate an untargeted approach to detect qualitative and relative-quantitative variations in LMW DOM with depth using water extracts from a soil core from the Alaskan Arctic, a unique system that contains nearly half the Earth’s terrestrial carbon and is rapidly warming due to climate change. We combined reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, and nano-electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in positive- and negative-ionization mode. The optimized conditions were sensitive, robust, highly complementary, and enabled detection and putative annotations of a wide range of compounds (e.g. amino acids, plant/microbial metabolites, sugars, lipids, peptides). Furthermore, multivariate statistical analyses revealed subtle but consistent and significant variations with depth. Thus, this platform is useful not only for characterizing LMW DOM, but also for quantifying relative variations in LMW DOM availability across space, revealing hotspots of biogeochemical activity for further evaluation.
Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota
Authors: Kang Dae-Wook , Adams James B. , Coleman Devon M. , Pollard Elena L. , Maldonado Juan , McDonough-Means Sharon , Caporaso J. Gregory , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between gut microbiome and autism-like behaviors. Modifying the gut microbiome is a potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, and fecal microbiota transplant could transform the dysbiotic gut microbiome toward a healthy one by delivering a large number of commensal microbes from a healthy donor. We previously performed an open-label trial of Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) that combined antibiotics, a bowel cleanse, a stomach-acid suppressant, and fecal microbiota transplant, and observed significant improvements in GI symptoms, autism-related symptoms, and gut microbiota. Here, we report on a follow-up with the same 18 participants two years after treatment was completed. Notably, most improvements in GI symptoms were maintained, and autism-related symptoms improved even more after the end of treatment. Important changes in gut microbiota at the end of treatment remained at follow-up, including significant increases in bacterial diversity and relative abundances of Bifidobacteria and Prevotella. Our observations demonstrate the long-term safety and efficacy of MTT as a potential therapy to treat children with ASD who have GI problems, and warrant a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the future.
β-carboline biomediators induce reveromycin production in Streptomyces sp. SN-593
Authors: Panthee Suresh , Takahashi Shunji , Hayashi Teruo , Shimizu Takeshi , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe biosynthetic potential of soil-dwelling actinomycetes to produce diverse bioactive molecules that are useful as drug seeds has been achieved in the laboratory by modifying culture conditions. Availability of a small molecule that can induce secondary metabolism in these microbes can greatly facilitate the exploration of bioactive natural products. In this manuscript, through the screening of natural products and chemical modification, we demonstrated that the presence of the β-carboline compound, BR-1, enhanced reveromycin A production in Streptomyces sp. SN-593. BR-1 induced reveromycins production at the wide range of concentrations without affecting cell growth. Our study indicates that BR-1 might serve as an alternative to activate specialized metabolite biosynthesis without genetic engineering.