bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Front Line Supervisor FLS Academy
Authors: Keh-Camero Lily , Shukri Mahmoud , Abraham Arun , Qasabi Nasser , Hatmi Nasser 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
The drive to Goal Zero (or no harm to people, damage to asset and impact to environment) has been the cornerstone of the company as a highly reliable and caring organization. It is the "Northern Lights" of Iceland, considered as the majestic natural phenomenon known on earth. Simply put, it is the auroras or bright lights across the darkened night sky in vivid colors. There is never a guarantee that they will lit up the sky the moment we decided to look up. Anyone who wishes to see the "Northern Lights" requires an enormous amount of patience, collaboration, strategic planning, and flawless execution. Similar to Goal Zero, we all have a common goal of no harm people and through collaboration, strategic planning, execution and patience- we will strive to reach Goal Zero. In THE COMPANY, one of the ways to achieve Goal Zero is to promote safe behaviour at the workplace amongst frontline staff by equipping the Frontline Supervisors with the right tools and techniques through FLS Academy.
The FLS Academy or "Safety Leadership for Front Line Supervisors Academy" was introduced in Well Engineering Directorate to address the growing number of incidents; including high potential incidents due to lack of or ineffective supervision at the worksite. The top 3 common causational factors from 2015 are: ▪People (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment▪Process (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment▪Process (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/procedures.
In a number of Level 2 audits, it has been identified as one of the major gaps when it comes to frontline supervisory skills, certification and qualification.
The objectives of FLS Academy in supporting and achieving Goal Zero are divided into two parts: For Frontline Supervisors: To improve the Frontline Supervisor’s knowledge of the Safety Leadership responsibilities with emphasis on Behavioral Safety issues and develop a mindset of Chronic Unease amongst staff.To energize and recognize ones role in achieving Goal Zero.To up-skill the Frontline Supervisors to become highly effective in crew engagement at the worksite.To experience a unique opportunity to engage with Senior Leaders (e.g. Managers and Team Leads), breaking down organization barriers and introduce a new approach of safety conversations.For the Senior Leaders: To transform our Managers and Team Leads into Safety Leaders and be advocate of FLS through engagement and facilitation of FLS modules with their Frontline Supervisors (e.g. Drilling Supervisors, Hoist Supervisors, Rig Managers, Night Toolpushers).To bring Senior Leaders closer to the Line/worksite and create a new approach of safety conversation.
Deciphering the Performance of Multi-Lateral and Extended Reach Wells for Reserves Evaluation in Unconventional Resource Plays
Authors: AbdelMawla Ahmed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recent advancements in well design and completion technology have been tested in unconventional resource plays with wide variety of results. This paper discusses the evolution and performance analysis of the different well designs in a tight unconventional oil play in North America. A brief description is given of the different chronological well types in the play (i.e. standard horizontal wells, multi-lateral wells, and extended reach horizontal wells). The performance of such advanced wells is analyzed. The flow regimes encountered around multi-lateral and extended reach horizontal wells are described using diagnostic plots of time rate and pressure (TRP) data. These regimes are related to Arps exponent b-factor. So far, there is little information of such flow regimes or the ranges of b-factor for multi-lateral wells in tight unconventional plays.
In multi-lateral and extended reach horizontal wells, a period of frac water cleaning may be seen at the initial production. Apparent early bilinear or linear flow regimes might be observed afterwards. In this tight oil play, later multi-phase effects dominate the flow regimes and cause deviations from the early bilinear and linear flow. Late second linear flow regime is not seen in the analyzed data of standard horizontal wells, multi-lateral wells, or extended reach horizontal wells. In this play, multi-phase effects cause late time lower b-factor. In many instances, late time b-factor is lower than 1.
This work emphasizes on the reserves estimation of these modern wells in this play. Extended reach horizontal wells have shown better late time b-factor and normalized Initial Production of 90 days "IP90" per lateral length compared to multi-lateral wells. This might give an indication of the higher completion efficiency in the extended reach horizontal wells.
Based on this work, Extended reach horizontal wells have higher Estimated Ultimate Recovery "EUR" compared to both multi-lateral and standard horizontal wells. Development of unconventional plays by drilling longer single lateral horizontal wells while reducing the inter frac stages spacing is becoming the norm.
This work helps to decipher the performance of multi-lateral and extended reach wells in unconventional plays. This leads to improving the development concepts and reserves evaluation methods of these modern wells in unconventional formations.
The Revese-Selectivity of Nanoporous Membrane for the Separation of Gas Mixtures
Authors: He Zhou , Wang Kean 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Membrane technology has attracted more and more attentions in oil/gas industries. Most of the membranes separation are based on the difference in molecular dimensions (or the mechanism of molecular sieving). However, this work reports the reverse-selectivity based on the permeation of binary gas mixtures (CO2/He and CO2/H2) through a nanoporous carbon molecular sieve membrane. It was found that adsorption-diffusion mechanism made it a possible for the nanoporous membrane to be selective to the lighter species (He or H2) or to the heavier CO2, possibly due to surface flux. The membrane permselectivity in this case is a function of the feed composition such that CO2 molecules can be preferentially permeated based on ‘surface flow’.
Cost Savings for Subsea Pipelines Using Enhanced Pipe-Soil Interaction Assessment
Authors: Abdel-Hakim Mahmoud , Abdel Azeem Mohamed , Bransby Fraser , Low Han Eng , Clavaud Romain , Bergkamp Bryan , Kizhikkilod Janardanan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential benefit of using site- and project-specific pipe-soil interaction (PSI) inputs in HTHP pipeline design. The paper first explains the overall approach used to generate site-specific PSI inputs to pipelines. This includes showing the importance of site investigation (geophysics, in situ testing and sampling) and onshore lab testing which should be integrated to select appropriate seabed parameter ranges for the derivation of site-specific PSI inputs. Then, the importance of using geotechnical calculation methods which consider the unique properties of carbonate soils to calculate pipeline friction factors is discussed. Finally, the paper demonstrates, for a regional case study, how the provided PSI inputs changed pipeline design and reduced project costs.
Optimization of Smart Water Flooding in Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Fani Mahmood , Al-Hadrami Hamoud , Pourafshary Peyman , Vakili-Nezhaad Gholamreza , Mosavat Nader 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
During smart water injection into carbonates, wettability alteration is subjected to be the main mechanism contributing to incremental oil recovery. Apart from the smart water composition, level of dilution, and the underlying mechanisms, "injection scheme" is of a great importance when developing a field scale flooding project. The pivotal target of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of smart water injection by deploying tertiary smart water "shock slug" injection within the periods of water flooding.
At the first stage, genuine reservoir brine was 10 times diluted. Ion Chromatography analysis was utilized to optimize the composition by adding 2.65 g/ml of MgSO4.7H2O. Core samples were initially flooded by the original high salinity water to reach the residual oil saturation. Smart water shock slugs were chosen in various volumes including, .75, 1, 1.5, and 2 PV. Subsequently, smart water was injected for the selected shock slug sizes. At this stage the procedure was stopped for 12 hours in order to let the smart water interact with rock sample. Afterward the process was followed by the high salinity water injection. To have a comprehensive perspective of the procedure, production data was recorded at all stages of the injection. Also, the contact angle was measured under standard condition by generating a sessile drop of oil on the carbonate surface submerged in the brine environment. The pH of the injection fluids was also measured during contact angle and core flood tests. X-Ray Diffraction inspection was utilized to analyze the mineralogy of the core samples.
Evaluating the results of the contact angle measurements, it was obtained that smart water was capable of altering the wettability towards more water wet. pH of smart water was increased after it was kept in contact with the oil-aged rock for two weeks. Core flooding results indicated that the tertiary injection of the smart water as shock slug leads to a considerable amount of incremental oil recovery at tertiary mode and changes the wettability towards more water wet. This is mainly due to the effective ionic exchange which leads to the favorable wettability alteration during smart water injection.
This study showed that smaller sizes of smart water shock slug can increase the incremental recovery as effective as larger sizes of smart water shock slug in analogues situation. Hence, the asserted method can be a good alternative for conventional low salinity water flooding due to being less time-consuming and cost-effective.
Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitor Performance Under High Temperature / High Salinity Sweet Conditions
Authors: Hirano Susumu , Sunaba Toshiyuki , Al Jaberi Manea , Al Alawi Faisal 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
CO2 corrosion is a vital problem in oil and gas production. The carbon steel pipe can suffer a long-term use economically under the CO2 corrosion environment by choosing an appropriate corrosion inhibitor. The performance of several corrosion inhibitors at elevated temperature & high salinity CO2 rich condition was evaluated for a field application.
The performance of corrosion inhibitors was evaluated with an electrochemical measurement namely Liner Polarization Resistance (LPR) and weight loss coupons in autoclaves. LPR measures in-situ corrosion rate and it shows the inhibitor adhesion behavior on the metal surface. In the weight loss test, test coupons were mounted in a rotating cage and immersed in the test solution for a week. Test solution was synthetic brines with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 17%. The test solution was aerated with CO2 at ambient temperature and pressure before the corrosion test.
It is well known that the inhibitor efficiency is encumbered with many variables, such as temperature, pressure, pH, flow speed and chemical composition of the production fluid. Salt content of formation water varies dependent on the location. Sometimes a production water analysis of a Middle East oil well shows more than 10% by weight. The inhibitors evaluated here had the temperature tolerance up to 100 °C and the same was the maximum test temperature. Some corrosion inhibitors performed better at low temperature than at high temperature. They showed poor inhibitor efficiency in case of pre-corrosion with high salinity at high temperature condition. This study also confirmed the validity of ILSS (Inhibitor Likelihood Success Score) introduced by Crossland et al. The score which was later acknowledged by HSE Office (UK) provided a useful information for inhibitor selection for pipelines in various field conditions.
Several corrosion testing procedures were carried out to confirm the associated impact with/without pre-corrosion on the overall performance of the corrosion inhibitors. It seems that high salinity affects the inhibitor adhesion competing with corrosion product. The pre-corrosion test is an indispensable step for a qualification of corrosion inhibitors for a high salinity field.
Innovative Extension of the Technical Limit for Downhole Memory Gauges in a Severely Sour Environment: A Case Study of a Campaign in Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Quinn Sean , Singh Basant k. , Fraser Craig 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Increasing regional energy demand is driving the industry to develop the more challenging unconventional resources that includes high H2S gas fields. This paper will outline the downhole memory gauge programme that was carried out on such a field in Abu Dhabi, UAE. With a unique combination of high temperature and high H2S, there was little offset data to allow confidence of being able to achieve the original goals. The reservoir surveillance required long duration downhole monitoring, but due to certain constraints, the field development design couldn't include permanent downhole gauges. However, due to the success of the Downhole Memory Gauge (DHMG) campaign in Phase I, they have been selected as the preferred reservoir monitoring system for Phase II of the Field Development.
The paper will present the reservoir engineering requirements, the type of gauges and batteries selected, the BHA components, the material specification and a high level overview of the operational procedure on site that helped to minimise the failure rate.
The paper will discuss the original expected mean time to failure for the downhole system and the expected maximum survivable duration. Results of the campaign will be presented in terms of the actual downhole condition, the sampling frequency, the time to failure (when gauges stopped recording usable data) and discuss failure modes. Specific technical issues that arose during the campaign and the implemented solutions will be presented.
The paper will conclude with high level recommendations on what can reasonably be expected in terms of timeframes and data quality in the stated downhole environment. It will present how the actual time in the well and the ability of the memory gauge system to gather data in such an extreme environment far exceeded expectations and how this in turn allowed for a broader scope for data gathering to be implemented going forward at an overall reduction in cost and risk.
Innovative Drill Bit Technology with Unique Geometry Cutting Structure Sets Drilling Record in Harsh Rock Application
Authors: Al-Ajmi Abdullah , Al Rushoud AbdulAziz , Gohain Ashis , Alhaj Hussain , Al-naqa Faisal , Al-Mutawa Faisal , AL-Gharib Majed , El-Sherif Mohammed , Al-Ali Fatemah , Ibrahim Geroge , Fathy Ahmed , Saleh Moustafa , Khalil Ahmed , Khalil Karim , Mahi Sofiane , El-Zein Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
One of the common challenging drilling environments is harsh rocks which require specially tailored drill bit design features to deliver the maximum drilling efficiency. The interbedded nature of harsh rock formations in combination with high rock strength results in reduced bit aggressivity and premature bit wear which increases the drilling costs. This paper presents field testing a new drill bit technology that addresses those challenges. The bit was deployed and tested in a vertical application in an exploratory well in North of Kuwait and achieved the fastest penetration rate in the application.
Numerous full scale pressurized laboratory tests were conducted on different rocks including limestone, sandstone and shale to develop and validate a new altered cutter geometry designed for carbonate applications. The main target of the simulations was optimizing the cutting action of the PDC cutter while drilling a carbonate formation. This resulted in development of altered cutter geometry designed for fracturing and shearing, offering improved effectiveness in medium to hard formations such as carbonates and clastic rock and more efficient cutting action than conventional round cutters. By creating subsurface cracks that propagate to the rock surface, the new cutter allows creation of thin and uncondensed cuttings, making an efficient use of energy.
The first 12¼ in. 6 blades 16mm configuration bit equipped with the new cutter geometry in conjunction with a stiff rotary BHA was tested in a vertical exploratory well in Bahrah Field, North of Kuwait. The bit delivered improved performance by completing a total interval of 2,655 ft from 5,915 ft to 8,570 ft in 60 hrs resulting in 44.2 ft/hr rate of penetration while drilling from Mutriba to Burgan formations. The bit demonstrated excellent durability with a dull grade of 1-1-WT-A-X-I-NO-TD after drilling in a highly interbedded harsh application where the lithology consists mainly of limestone, shale & sandstone.
The performance capability was further confirmed when the same bit drilled the second well to section TD completing a total interval of 2,630 ft with ROP of 68.7 ft/hr. achieving the top record run in north Kuwait vertical application in Bahrah field.
The 12¼ in. bit with the non-planar cutters surpassed the average rate of penetration (ROP) for the same application in Bahrah Field by 76% saving the operator significant drilling time and making this bit design the top performing drill bit in the field. As a result of the continuous research and field testing, the new cutter technology has drilled more than 10 million feet globally proving its success and efficiency in a wide range of applications.
Permanent Electric Power Supply for Down Hole Devices in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Ammar Eng/Mohamed Nabil , M.Hegazy Prof/Gehad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
All present time, most of downhole electrical devices operate either retrievable "rechargeable batteries" or permanent electric or fiber cable extend from surface till the bottom associated with high risk and high cost operations.
Commonly both retrievable and permanent devices have advantage such as live data and easy communication. However, the disadvantages are temperature limitation, high cost, high risk, and restrictions moreover not suit many other completion scenarios and wells completion types.
Most of memory gauges could read with 5 sec rate up to 43 days in temperature range 150 C, and it will reduce to 18 days when temperature increase up to 200 C. even increasing the time by reducing number of decimals for the recorded values. However, memory gauge stop working when kept for sleeping mode more that 15 sec.
This research propose a new strategy, road map and conceptual design with different scenarios that aim to overcome the previous disadvantage through generating electrical power through a special downhole turbine utilizing new concept through wells injection and/or production flow rates.
The new recommended turbine either to be installed as a part of the completion as permanent or to be run as retrievable. Moreover, turbine has the ability to generate mandatory power to operate downhole devices fitting any sensors. (eg. memory gauge)
The new self power turbine create a new strategy for gas, oil and water wells completion to be more advanced with no need for the rig to change the completion, tubing and/or install cables.
Theoretically the research succeeded by mean of installing a turbine to generate constant D/C current that could power up any attached memory gauge. This turbine depend on it is design on two main concepts; the first is how to direct the flow toward the blades and the second is how to maximize the vortex effect to maximize velocity and control turbulence, take in consideration hole accessibility for any operation required.
Project Management: Team Motivation, the Eye of the Storm
Authors: Malagon Uribe Cecilia , Ruzhnikov Alexey 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
"Motivation is the catalysing ingredient for every successful innovation." Clayton Christensen.
One of the pillars of project management is motivation. The success of any organisation rests on the ability of a leader to identify the motivation factors of a team and to encourage everyone to maintain positive thoughts and behaviour to achieve challenging targets successfully.
This paper explains the practices implemented in the project that increased the motivation level of the team during the difficult and uncertain times of the oil downturn.
This method consisted of three main phases. First, to conduct an initial survey to understand the motivation level of the team and identify the areas of improvement. Based on the results of the first phase, a master plan was created it to tackle the areas of improvement and lead the team to achieve the organisations annual objectives. To create the plan, it was necessary to identify the unique strengths and passions of every member of the team, address the need for recognition and strengthen the sense of belonging.
After executing the master plan, a final survey was conducted to measure the success of the implementation.
The results were outstanding in several areas. With the results of the final survey, it confirmed that the team's motivation level improved by 12%, and in some areas, such as recognition and belonging in 34%. Besides the statistics, the improvement in the motivation level resulted in a more creative team that was able to develop more than thirty operational initiatives that brought significant savings to the customer. All the challenging key performance objectives were achieved contributing to the company's business success.
In conclusion, it was proven that even during the uncertain and challenging times of the oil industry, if we can keep our team motivated by reducing the weaknesses and building on top of the team's strengths, recognizing people's contribution to the company and showing them that their work clearly contributes to the business, and will always be possible to achieve even the most challenging targets.
The approach is innovative in the sense that goes away from traditional financial incentive plans based on monetary rewards and looks at a deeper and more meaningful aspect of the human been regarding motivation. The methodology is based on Maslow's pyramid and Ikigai concept applied during the most challenging times in the oil industry; resulted in a boost in team motivation and overachievement of challenging key performance objectives.