bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of structural transformations of long-chain molecular crystals during phase transitions by IR-spectroscopy
Authors: Gureva S A , Marikhin V A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dependence of IR absorption spectrum on the type of symmetry of crystallographic cells allows us to investigate the kinetics of the development of phase transitions. Using the proposed technique, confirmations of the structural first order phase transition are obtained and the existence of conformational defects is proved.
High-frequency relief holographic gratings created by exposing dichromated gelatin to short-wave UV radiation
Authors: Khazvalieva D R , Ganzherli N M , Gulyaev S N , Maurer I A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The possibility of creating effective relief holographic gratings with a high spatial frequency of 1500 mm−1 on the layers of dichromated gelatin (DCG) using the destructive effect of short-wave UV radiation on gelatin is shown for the first time.
Using the novel capable of SHS-reaction multilayer nanostructured material for soldering of lead-zirconate-titanate piezoceramic elements
Authors: Kvashenkina O E , Gabdullin P G , Osipov V S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A novel integrated approach of solving the problem of the high-quality electrically conductive fastening of lead-zirconate-titanate piezoelectric elements is proposed. The essence of the method is that the specially created reactive multilayer material is used both as an electrode and as a solder. The mentioned reactive material is deposited directly onto the piezoelements surfaces by means of vacuum magnetron sputtering.
Development of the gyrotron collector system with multistage energy recovery
Authors: Trofimov P A , Louksha O I 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA collector system with 4-stage energy recovery for the 4-mm experimental gyrotron of SPbPU was developed. The utilized principles of spatial separation of the beam are described, as well as the main features of suggested collector system design. Feasibility study of the developed multistage energy recovery system was performed on the basis of electron beam trajectory analysis and simulation of electric and magnetic field distributions. This study proved that the suggested scheme is efficient and that the designed system is capable of successful operation. The possible problems associated with local magnetic field fluctuations and the method of their solution are discussed.
Phase portraits of a special class of dynamic systems in a Poincare circle
Authors: Andreeva I A , Efimova T O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, authors present results of the original investigation of a special class of dynamic systems with the reciprocal polynomial –cubic and square – right parts on a real plane. The global task was to construct all topologically different phase portraits in a Poincare circle with criteria of them. For such an aim a Poincare method of a central and orthogonal mappings has been used. Eventually above the two hundred of different phase portraits were constructed. Each and every portrait has been described in a table. Each line of a table describes one invariant cell of the phase portrait under consideration, its boundary, a source of its phase flow and a sink of it.
Pseudo-three-dimensional model for hydraulic fracturing with foams
Authors: Antonov I D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pseudo-three-dimensional cell-based model for hydraulic fracturing with foams is presented. Accounting for compressibility and non-Newtonian rheology of the foam the obtained model introduces a simple and efficient method to compute the fracture growth in a layered rock formation for such complex fluids. Numerical results reveal an influence of the foam properties on the fracture propagation and predict the difference in proppant transport for the foam fracturing comparing to fracturing with ordinary fluids.
A heterostructure for resonant-cavity GaAs p-i-n photodiode with 840-860 nm wavelength
Authors: Rochas S S , Kolodeznyi E S , Kozyreva O A , Voropaev K O , Sudas D P , Novikov I I , Egorov A Yu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A heterostructure for resonant-cavity p-i-n photodiode was grown by molecular beam epitaxy and consists of light-absorbing GaAs i-layer between p- and n-emitter layers of AlGaAs. The heterostructure employs Bragg reflector with more than 95 % reflection coefficient at 840-860 nm wavelength. Photolithographic masks for chip fabrication were designed using optoelectronic and thermal phenomena simulation. Fabricated chips exhibit a bandwidth of 10 GHz and low dark current.
Cattle production in Southern Amazonia: implications for land and water management
Authors: Lathuillière Michael J , Solvik Kylen , Macedo Marcia N , Graesser Jordan , Miranda Eduardo J , Couto Eduardo G , Johnson Mark S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The expansion of cattle in central western Brazil has been under scrutiny because of the region’s historic reliance on Amazon and Cerrado deforestation for cropland and pastureland expansion. In this study, we determined the volumetric water footprint (VWF) and the land footprint (LF) of cattle in Mato Grosso state for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 using official statistics and remote sensing imagery. We found the average VWF of cattle for the time period to be 265–270 l kg−1 LW−1 (LW as live weight of cattle) and a LF which decreased from 71 to 47 m2 kg−1 LW−1. The largest contribution to VWF came from farm impoundments whose total area increased from roughly 46 000 to 51 000 ha between 2000 and 2014, leading to a total evaporation as high as 7.31 × 1011 l yr−1 in 2014. Analysis at the municipality level showed a tendency towards greater density of cattle with respect to both pasture area and impoundments. While cattle intensification on current pastureland is commonly viewed as a means to prevent further deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions, we stress the need to also consider the increasing demand for water associated with a growing cattle herd and the potential appropriation of additional resources for feed for feedlot finishing. Land and water resource management need to be considered together for future planning of cattle intensification at the Brazilian agricultural frontier as illustrated by the footprints reported here.
Formation mechanism of a smooth, defect-free surface of fused silica optics using rapid CO2 laser polishing
Authors: Zhao Linjie , Cheng Jian , Chen Mingjun , Yuan Xiaodong , Liao Wei , Liu Qi , Yang Hao , Wang Haijun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Surface defects introduced by conventional mechanical processing methods can induce irreversible damage and reduce the service life of optics applied in high-power lasers. Compared to mechanical processing, laser polishing with moving beam spot is a noncontact processing method, which is able to form a defect-free surface. This work aims to explore the mechanism of forming a smooth, defect-free fused silica surface by high-power density laser polishing with coupled multiple beams. The underlying mechanisms of laser polishing was revealed by numerical simulations and the theoretical results were verified by experiments. The simulated polishing depth and machined surface morphology were in close agreement with the experimental results. To obtain the optimized polishing quality, the effects of laser polishing parameters (e.g. overlap rate, pulse width and polishing times) on the polishing quality were experimentally investigated. It was found that the processing efficiency of fused silica materials by carbon dioxide (CO2) laser polishing could reach 8.68 mm2 s−1, and the surface roughness (Ra) was better than 25 nm. Besides, the cracks on pristine fused silica surfaces introduced by initial grinding process were completely removed by laser polishing to achieve a defect-free surface. The maximum laser polishing rate can reach 3.88 μm s−1, much higher than that of the traditional mechanical polishing methods. The rapid CO2 laser polishing can effectively achieve smooth, defect-free surface, which is of great significance to improve the surface quality of fused silica optics applied in high-power laser facilities.
Towards scaling elementary flux mode computation
Authors: Ullah Ehsan , Yosafshahi Mona , Hassoun Soha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
While elementary flux mode (EFM) analysis is now recognized as a cornerstone computational technique for cellular pathway analysis and engineering, EFM application to genome-scale models remains computationally prohibitive. This article provides a review of aspects of EFM computation that elucidates bottlenecks in scaling EFM computation. First, algorithms for computing EFMs are reviewed. Next, the impact of redundant constraints, sensitivity to constraint ordering and network compression are evaluated. Then, the advantages and limitations of recent parallelization and GPU-based efforts are highlighted. The article then reviews alternative pathway analysis approaches that aim to reduce the EFM solution space. Despite advances in EFM computation, our review concludes that continued scaling of EFM computation is necessary to apply EFM to genome-scale models. Further, our review concludes that pathway analysis methods that target specific pathway properties can provide powerful alternatives to EFM analysis.
Increased miRNA-518b inhibits trophoblast migration and angiogenesis by targeting EGR1 in early embryonic arrest†
Authors: Yang Wenmei , Lu Zhaoyi , Zhi Zhifu , Liu Liling , Deng Lingjie , Jiang Xiaoli , Pang Lihong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in early embryonic development. The miRNA-518 family is a special biomarker of the placenta, and miRNA-518b is abnormally expressed in placental tissue in preeclampsia. Early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), a zinc finger transcriptional factor, plays an essential role in regulating cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and migration. Moreover, earlier studies have shown that EGR1 protein plays a key role in implantation. However, little is known about the role of miR-518b and EGR1 on early embryonic arrest (EEA) in humans. In our study, increased miR-518b along with decreased EGR1 was found in human villus tissues with EEA. Furthermore, we demonstrated by luciferase assay that miR-518b is a direct regulator of EGR1. After comparing the effect of silencing EGR1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) individually, and EGR1/VEGF in combination, we found that EGR1 can inhibit migration and angiogenesis of HTR-8 SVneo cells by decreasing the VEGF expression. Hypoxia plays an initial role in early embryonic development, and we found that hypoxia reduces the expression of miR-518b and increases the expression of EGR1 and VEGF to facilitate migration and angiogenesis in a hypoxic model of HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Our findings provide new insights into the role of miR-518b in EEA and implicate the potential application of miR-518b in the diagnosis and development of intervention for EEA.
Liquid Chromatographic Separation and Thermodynamic Investigation of Ethyl Nipecotate Enantiomers on Immobilized Amylose-Based Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Rane Vipul P , Ahirrao Vinod K , Patil Kiran R , Jadhav Arjun B , More Kiran B , Yeole Ravindra D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEthyl nipecotate enantiomers are widely used as chiral building blocks in the synthesis of drug substances. An efficient and economic chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of enantiomeric purity of ethyl nipecotate is developed and validated. Chiral separation was achieved on immobilized amylose-based stationary phase using a mixture of n-hexane: ethanol: diethylamine (80:20:0.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Resolution between R-(-)-ethyl nipecotate (REN) and S-(+)-ethyl nipecotate (SEN) peaks was found to be 3.59. The detector response of SEN exhibited an excellent linearity over the concentration range of 4.5–120 μg mL−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for SEN were 0.016 and 0.045 μg and REN were 0.015 and 0.043 μg, respectively. The influence of column oven temperatures on chiral retention and separation was studied in the range of 25°C to 50°C; the thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° were evaluated from van’t Hoff plots and used to explain the strength of interaction between analyte and stationary phase.
A priori power considerations in orthodontic research: a 3 year meta-epidemiologic study
Authors: Gratsia Sophia , Koletsi Despina , Fleming Padhraig S , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Aim
To assess the prevalence of a priori power calculations in orthodontic literature and to identify potential associations with a number of study characteristics, including journal, year of publication and statistical significance of the outcome.

Materials and methods
The electronic archives of four leading orthodontic journals with the highest impact factor (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, AJODO; European Journal of Orthodontics, EJO; Angle Orthodontist, ANGLE; Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, OCR) were assessed over a 3 year period until December 2018. The proportion of articles reporting a priori power calculations were recorded, and the association with journal, year of publication, study design, continent of authorship, number of centres and researchers, statistical significance of results and reporting of confidence intervals (CIs) was assessed. Univariable and multivariable regression were used to identify significant predictors.

Results
Overall, 654 eligible articles were retrieved, with the majority published in the AJODO (n = 246, 37.6%), followed by ANGLE (n = 222, 33.9%) and EJO (n = 139, 21.3%). A total of 233 studies (35.6%) presented power considerations a priori along with sample size calculations. Study design was a very strong predictor with interventional design presenting 3.02 times higher odds for a priori power assumptions compared to observational research [odds ratio (OR): 3.02; 95% CIs: 2.06, 4.42; P &lt; 0.001].

Conclusions
Presentation of a priori power considerations for sample size calculations was not universal in contemporary orthodontic literature, while specific study designs such as observational or animal and in vitro studies were less likely to report such considerations.
Anisotropic energy and ultrasonic characteristics of black shale under triaxial deformation revealed utilizing real-time ultrasonic detection and post-test CT imaging
Authors: Wang Y , Feng W K , Zhao Z H , Zhang D 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
For evaluating the fracturing-related activities in a deep shale formation, it is important to investigate the effect of anisotropy on its geomechanical properties. Many effects have been performed to reveal the strength and deformation anisotropy of shale, however, the influence of bedding planes on the anisotropic energy evolution and velocity-energy dependency are still not well understood, especially under high confinement condition. In this study, triaxial compression tests with a high confining pressure of 60 MPa in combination with real-time ultrasonic detection and post-test CT scanning were performed to the shale samples cored along an angle of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to bedding planes. The effect of the bedding orientation on the shale geomechanical, ultrasonic, energy dissipation and energy release characteristics are explored. The experimental results show that shale structural features highly affect the total energy, elastic energy and dissipated energy. The increasing trend of elastic energy shows a slow, fast and slow mode, and the dissipate energy increases rapidly near sample failure. Good correlations have been found among the P- and S-wave velocities and the elastic and dissipated strain energy. The mesostructural changes during deformation are considered to be the primary factor controlling the energy sensitivity to the velocities. CT images further reveal the anisotropic fracture pattern which is in good agreement with energy release and dissipation analysis. The analysis of the strain energy and velocities suggests that the strain energy evolution and fracture anisotropy are bedding orientation dependent.
Assessment of Mumps Virus-Specific Antibodies: Comparison of Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Estimates
Authors: Ravault Stéphanie , Friel Damien , Di Paolo Emmanuel , Caplanusi Adrian , Gillard Paul , Povey Michael , Carryn Stephane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which measures a subset of immunoglobulin antibodies (functional neutralizing antibodies), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which measures total immunoglobulin (neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies), characterize different aspects of the anti–mumps virus antibody response after vaccination.MethodsData from a recent phase 3 clinical trial (NCT01681992) of 2 measles-mumps-rubella vaccines were used to compare anti-mumps antibody responses measured using an unenhanced PRNT (GSK; seropositivity cutoff and threshold, 2.5 and 4 times the 50% end-point dilution, respectively) with those estimated using an ELISA (thresholds, 5 and 10 ELISA units/mL, respectively).ResultsOf 3990 initially seronegative samples, 3284 (82.3%) were seropositive after vaccination for anti-mumps antibodies in both assays. The Pearson correlation coefficient for double-positive samples was 0.57, indicative of a moderate correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an ELISA threshold of 51.7 ELISA units/mL best corresponded to the PRNT seroresponse threshold. There was no obvious vaccine brand effect on the correlation between assays.ConclusionsThe moderate correlation between the anti-mumps antibody measurements obtained with PRNT and ELISA reflects different aspects of the serological response. In the absence of a well-defined protective serological threshold, PRNT provides complementary information on the antibody response, whereas ELISA remains a critically useful measurement of vaccine immunogenicity.
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Luminal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Panaccione Remo , Steinhart A Hillary , Bressler Brian , Khanna Reena , Marshall John K , Targownik Laura , Afif Waqqas , Bitton Alain , Borgaonkar Mark , Chauhan Usha , Halloran Brendan , Jones Jennifer , Kennedy Erin , Leontiadis Grigorios I , Loftus Edward V , Meddings Jonathan , Moayyedi Paul , Murthy Sanjay , Plamondon Sophie , Rosenfeld Greg , Schwartz David , Seow Cynthia H , Williams Chadwick , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background & Aims
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a lifelong illness with substantial morbidity, although new therapies and treatment paradigms have been developed. We provide guidance for treatment of ambulatory patients with mild to severe active luminal CD.

Methods
We performed a systematic review to identify published studies of the management of CD. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Statements were developed through an iterative online platform and then finalized and voted on by a group of specialists.

Results
The consensus includes 41 statements focused on 6 main drug classes: antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylate, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies, and other therapies. The group suggested against the use of antibiotics or 5-aminosalicylate as induction or maintenance therapies. Corticosteroid therapies (including budesonide) can be used as induction, but not maintenance therapies. Among immunosuppressants, thiopurines should not be used for induction, but can be used for maintenance therapy for selected low-risk patients. Parenteral methotrexate was proposed for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent CD. Biologic agents, including tumor necrosis factor antagonists, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab, were recommended for patients failed by conventional induction therapies and as maintenance therapy. The consensus group was unable to clearly define the role of concomitant immunosuppressant therapies in initiation of treatment with a biologic agent.

Conclusions
Optimal management of CD requires careful patient assessment, acknowledgement of patient preferences, evidence-based use of existing therapies, and thorough assessment to define treatment success.
Towards Sustainability in Groundwater Use: An Exploration of Key Drivers Motivating the Adoption and Implementation of Policy and Regulation
Authors: Cuadrado-Quesada Gabriela , Rayfuse Rosemary 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Groundwater resources have come under increasing pressure from overuse and pollution leading to declines in both quantity and quality. As a renewable resource, the continued availability of sufficient and clean groundwater depends on its sustainable use. However, groundwater use has often been unsustainable, and in many countries—both developing and developed—legal and policy frameworks for its sustainable use remain limited and their design and implementation are under-researched. This article examines the drivers that motivate the development and implementation of legal and policy frameworks capable of ensuring the long-term sustainability of groundwater resources. Case studies conducted in Australia and Costa Rica reveal four key drivers: (i) the existence of a water crisis, (ii) awareness—which leads to information, learning and monitoring, (iii) civic leadership to foster meaningful participation and, (iv) government research and funding in order to understand the complexity of groundwater.
Self-potential response characteristics of red sandstone samples under uniaxial compression
Authors: Yang Cai , Liu Shengdong , Yang Haiping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Deformation and rupture of rock mass under loading cause the variation of electric potential. Response characteristics of self-potential and stress during the complete stress-strain process of red sandstones play an important role in evaluating the stress state of sandstone on the basis of self-potential. Experimental results demonstrate that the stress of red sandstone under uniaxial compression is linearly correlated with the self-potential difference before the first inflection point in the initial stage of loading. The average variation rate of self-potential difference and stress is 0.1325 mV MPa−1. As the loading pressure gradually increases and enters the softening stage (before the maximum loading point), the catastrophic points of uniaxial loading stress correspond to the inflection point of self-potential. The self-potential of red sandstone varies in a range of 0–45.6 mV in that case and it fluctuates most significantly around the maximum loading point, with a range of 0.3–195.5 mV. In the end stage of loading, the macroscopic rupture of the red sandstone sample is complete, the self-potential of red sandstone fluctuates slightly around the maximum load point and then gradually stabilizes. Moreover, it is found that self-potentials change more significantly in the radial direction than in the axial direction in the uniaxial compression experiment, indicating that self-potentials generated by rock mass rupture are more sensitive in the radial direction. The rupture process of red sandstone can be dynamically represented by the tempo-spatial evolution profiles of self-potential.