bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health indicators as moderators of occupational commitment and nurses' intention to leave
Authors: Asakura Kyoko , Asakura Takashi , Satoh Miho , Watanabe Ikue , Hara Yukari 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study examined the hypothesis that health indicators moderate the relationship between occupational commitment and intention to leave among nurses, using a large sample in Japan.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to all registered nurses (N = 11,171) working in group hospitals in western Japan in 2014. The questionnaire evaluated intention to leave, occupational commitment, psychological distress, cumulative fatigue, and demographic variables. After a preliminary analysis of the bivariate and multivariate associations between variables and intention to leave, we tested the interactions between occupational commitment and health indicators on intention to leave.ResultsOf the 5,768 returned questionnaires, data from 5,505 (49.3%) participants were analyzed. Participants' mean age was 36.27 years (SD = 10.37). Most (95.14%) were women. According to a generalized estimating equation, the interaction of continuance occupational commitment and cumulative fatigue was significantly related to intention to leave (b = −0.0055). Additionally, the interaction of affective occupational commitment and psychological distress was significantly related to intention to leave (b = 0.0079).ConclusionsThis study clarified that the relationship between occupational commitment and intention to leave was robust for nurses in good health. Interventions aimed at reducing fatigue and improving psychological distress should be implemented to prevent the protective effects of occupational commitment on nurses' intention to leave from being compromised.
Displacement fields using correlation methods as a tool to investigate cell migration in 3D collagen gels
Authors: FERTIN ARNOLD , LAFORGUE LAURE , DUPERRAY ALAIN , LAURENT VALÉRIE M. , USSON YVES , VERDIER CLAUDE 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLiving cells embedded in a complex extra‐cellular matrix migrate in a sophisticated way thanks to adhesions to matrix fibres and contractility. It is important to know what kind of forces are exerted by the cells. Here, we use reflectance confocal microscopy to locate fibres accurately and determine displacement fields. Correlation techniques are used to this aim, coupled with proper digital image processing. Benchmark tests validate the method in the case of shear and stretching motions. Finally, the method is tested successfully for studying cancer cells migrating in collagen gels of different concentration.
Angiotensin II mediates the axonal trafficking of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β‐hydroxylase mRNAs and enhances norepinephrine synthesis in primary sympathetic neurons
Authors: Aschrafi Armaz , Berndt Adama , Kowalak Jeffrey A. , Gale Jenna R. , Gioio Anthony E. , Kaplan Barry B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the sympatho‐adrenal system, angiotensin II (Ang II) acts as a key neuromodulatory component. At sympathetic nerve terminals, Ang II influences sympathetic transmission by enhancing norepinephrine (NE) synthesis, facilitating NE release and inhibiting NE uptake. Previously, it was demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA is trafficked to the distal axons of primary superior cervical ganglia (SCG) neurons, directed by a cis‐acting regulatory element (i.e. zipcode) located in the 3'UTR of the transcript. Results of metabolic labeling studies established that the mRNA is locally translated. It was further shown that the axonal trafficking of the mRNA encoding the enzyme plays an important role in mediating dopamine (DA) and NE synthesis and may facilitate the maintenance of axonal catecholamine levels. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that Ang II induces NE synthesis in rat primary SCG neurons via the modulation of the trafficking of the mRNAs encoding the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes TH and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH). Treatment of SCG neurons with the Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1R) agonist, L‐162,313, increases the axonal levels of TH and DBH mRNA and protein and results in elevated NE levels. Conversely, treatment of rat SCG neurons with the AT1R antagonist, Eprosartan, abolished the L‐162,313‐mediated increase in axonal levels of TH and DBH mRNA and protein. In a first attempt to identify the proteins involved in the Ang II‐mediated axonal transport of TH mRNA, we used a biotinylated 50‐nucleotide TH RNA zipcode as bait in the affinity purification of TH zipcode‐associated proteins. Mass spectrometric analysis of the TH zipcode ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex immune‐purified from SCG neurons led to the identification of 163 somal and 127 axonal proteins functionally involved in binding nucleic acids, the translational machinery or acting as subunits of cytoskeletal and motor proteins. Surprisingly, immune‐purification of the TH axonal trafficking complex, results in the acquisition of DBH mRNA, suggesting that these mRNAs maybe transported to the axon together, possibly in the same RNP complex. Taken together, our results point to a novel mechanism by which Ang II participates in the regulation of axonal synthesis of NE by modulating the local trafficking and expression of TH and DBH, two key enzymes involved in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway.
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Resting‐State fMRI Networks in Children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Ahtam Banu , Dehaes Mathieu , Sliva Danielle D. , Peters Jurriaan M. , Krueger Darcy A. , Bebin Elizabeth Martina , Northrup Hope , Wu Joyce Y. , Warfield Simon K. , Sahin Mustafa , Grant Patricia Ellen ,   on behalf of the TACERN Study Group
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThere are no published studies examining resting state networks (RSNs) and their relationship with neurodevelopmental metrics in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We aimed to identify major resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) networks in infants with TSC and correlate network analyses with neurodevelopmental assessments, autism diagnosis, and seizure history.METHODSRs‐fMRI data from 34 infants with TSC, sedated with propofol during the scan, were analyzed to identify auditory, motor, and visual RSNs. We examined the correlations between auditory, motor, and visual RSNs at approximately 11.5 months, neurodevelopmental outcome at approximately 18.5 months, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders at approximately 36 months of age.RESULTSRSNs were obtained in 76.5% (26/34) of infants. We observed significant negative correlations between auditory RSN and auditory comprehension test scores (p = .038; r = −.435), as well as significant positive correlations between motor RSN and gross motor skills test scores (p = .023; r = .564). Significant positive correlations between motor RSNs and gross motor skills (p = .012; r = .754) were observed in TSC infants without autism, but not in TSC infants with autism, which could suggest altered motor processing. There were no significant differences in RSNs according to seizure history.CONCLUSIONSNegative correlation between auditory RSN, as well as positive correlation between motor RSN and developmental outcome measures might reflect different brain mechanisms and, when identified, may be helpful in predicting later function. A larger study of TSC patients with a healthy control group is needed before auditory and motor RSNs could be considered as neurodevelopmental outcome biomarkers.
A direct solution method for pricing options in regime‐switching models
Authors: Egami Masahiko , Kevkhishvili Rusudan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPricing financial or real options with arbitrary payoffs in regime‐switching models is an important problem in finance. Mathematically, it is to solve, under certain standard assumptions, a general form of optimal stopping problems in regime‐switching models. In this article, we reduce an optimal stopping problem with an arbitrary value function in a two‐regime environment to a pair of optimal stopping problems without regime switching. We then propose a method for finding optimal stopping rules using the techniques available for nonswitching problems. In contrast to other methods, our systematic solution procedure is more direct as we first obtain the explicit form of the value functions. In the end, we discuss an option pricing problem, which may not be dealt with by the conventional methods, demonstrating the simplicity of our approach.
Assessors’ interpretations of narrative data on communication skills in a summative OSCE
Authors: Wilby Kyle John , Dolmans Diana H J M , Austin Zubin , Govaerts Marjan J B 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesIncreasingly, narrative assessment data are used to substantiate and enhance the robustness of assessor judgements. However, the interpretation of written assessment comments is inherently complex and relies on human (expert) judgements. The purpose of this study was to explore how expert assessors process and construe or bring meaning to narrative data when interpreting narrative assessment comments written by others in the setting of standardised performance assessment.MethodsNarrative assessment comments on student communication skills and communication scores across six objective structured clinical examination stations were obtained for 24 final‐year pharmacy students. Aggregated narrative data across all stations were sampled for nine students (three good, three average and three poor performers, based on communication scores). A total of 10 expert assessors reviewed the aggregated set of narrative comments for each student. Cognitive (information) processing was captured through think‐aloud procedures and verbal protocol analysis.ResultsExpert assessors primarily made use of two strategies to interpret the narratives, namely comparing and contrasting, and forming mental images of student performance. Assessors appeared to use three different perspectives when interpreting narrative comments, including those of: (i) the student (placing him‐ or herself in the shoes of the student); (ii) the examiner (adopting the role of examiner and reinterpreting comments according to his or her own standards or beliefs), and (iii) the professional (acting as the profession's gatekeeper by considering the assessment to be a representation of real‐life practice).ConclusionsThe present findings add to current understandings of assessors’ interpretations of narrative performance data by identifying the strategies and different perspectives used by expert assessors to frame and bring meaning to written comments. Assessors’ perspectives affect assessors’ interpretations of assessment comments and are likely to be influenced by their beliefs, interpretations of the assessment setting and personal performance theories. These results call for the use of multiple assessors to account for variations in assessor perspectives in the interpretation of narrative assessment data.
Patients with cleft: Experiences, understanding and information provision during treatment
Authors: Abualfaraj Raed J. , Mcdonald Fraser , Daly Blanaid , Scambler Sasha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the knowledge of late adolescent and adults affected with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) about their condition and their experiences with information about treatment options and outcomes within the cleft care pathway.Setting and Sample PopulationTwenty‐eight people with CL/P had recently finished or were about to finish their definitive orthodontic/orthognathic (OGN) treatment. Participants were purposively recruited from two cleft centres in the UK.Materials and MethodsQualitative, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and all interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was undertaken using the framework method.ResultThere are a broad range of interpretations and explanations for both the causes and implications of CL/P amongst those living with the condition. This resulted in confusion and left participants vulnerable to misinformation and unable to combat stigma. In addition, there was some confusion about the implication of different treatment options. Participants felt that they did not receive enough information about the nature of the treatment that they would be undergoing and the length and implications of recovery post‐treatment. This was a source of concern for the participants.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that there is a mismatch between the information provided to the families of people with CL/P and the levels of knowledge they have, about both their condition and the treatment options available to them. It is essential that clear, accessible information is provided at the right times in the care pathway to ensure that patients are able to make informed decisions about treatment.
Identification of endogenous small peptides involved in rice immunity through transcriptomics‐ and proteomics‐based screening
Authors: Wang Pingyu , Yao Shaolun , Kosami Ken‐ichi , Guo Ting , Li Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Fukao Yoichiro , Kaneko‐Kawano Takako , Zhang Heng , She Yi‐Min , Wang Pengcheng , Xing Weiman , Hanada Kousuke , Liu Renyi , Kawano Yoji 
Published: July 2019

SummarySmall signalling peptides, generated from larger protein precursors, are important components to orchestrate various plant processes such as development and immune responses. However, small signalling peptides involved in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a pipeline using transcriptomics‐ and proteomics‐based screening to identify putative precursors of small signalling peptides: small secreted proteins (SSPs) in rice, induced by rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and its elicitor, chitin. We identified 236 SSPs including members of two known small signalling peptide families, namely rapid alkalinization factors and phytosulfokines, as well as many other protein families that are known to be involved in immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors and pathogenesis‐related protein families. We also isolated 52 unannotated SSPs and among them, we found one gene which we named immune response peptide (IRP) that appeared to encode the precursor of a small signalling peptide regulating rice immunity. In rice suspension cells, the expression of IRP was induced by bacterial peptidoglycan and fungal chitin. Overexpression of IRP enhanced the expression of a defence gene, PAL1 and induced the activation of the MAPKs in rice suspension cells. Moreover, the IRP protein level increased in suspension cell medium after chitin treatment. Collectively, we established a simple and efficient pipeline to discover SSP candidates that probably play important roles in rice immunity and identified 52 unannotated SSPs that may be useful for further elucidation of rice immunity. Our method can be applied to identify SSPs that are involved not only in immunity but also in other plant functions.
Process, Theory, and Practice in Direct Democracy: Avenues for New Research
Authors: Cortés Juvenal J. 
Published: July 2019

Direct democracy (DD)—including initiatives and referendums—is increasingly used to decide policy around the world. Based on a wide‐ranging review of literature published over the past 25 years, this article offers theoretical and methodological recommendations to advance the study of DD. First, more focus should be placed on the stages of DD and how they affect one another. Richer theories can only flow once the origins, rules, and context of DD are considered—including the endogeneity of DD. Second, a stronger analysis of how DD is justified by democratic theory is needed; I demonstrate that some mechanisms of DD are clearly supported by democratic theory while others lack a coherent foundation. Finally, historical (e.g., ancient Athens) and contemporary DD are often used interchangeably. An overview of past institutions reveals that contemporary DD is not a return to something that once was. Each lesson provides fruitful avenues for future research.Related ArticlesAdams, Brian E. 2012. “Citizens, Interest Groups, and Local Ballot Initiatives.” Politics & Policy 40 (1): 43‐68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00336.xStephan, Mark. 2004. “Citizens as Representatives: Bridging the Democratic Theory Divides.” Politics & Policy 32 (1): 118‐135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00178.xWaheduzzaman, Wahed, and Sharif As‐Saber. 2015. “Politics and Policy in Achieving Participatory Governance in a Developing Country Context.” Politics & Policy 43 (4): 474‐501. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12121Related MediaThe Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (C2D). N.d. C2D is a database with information on direct democracy institutions around the globe. http://c2d.chLATINNO is the first comprehensive and systematic source of data on new institutions for citizen participation evolving in Latin America. https://www.latinno.net/en/project-information/The Initiative and Referendum Institute (IRI). N.d. IRI at the University of Southern California tracks all direct democracy mechanisms in the United States. http://www.iandrinstitute.org
Gracilaria phuquocensis sp. nov., a new flattened Gracilaria species (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), previously recognized as G. mammillaris, from the southern coast of Vietnam
Authors: Le Hau Nhu , Muangmai Narongrit , Kheauthong Sunisa , Sun Zhongmin , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYFlattened Gracilaria species are widely distributed along the coasts of the South China Sea with more than 20 species recorded. Within the South China Sea, Gracilaria mammillaris has only been reported from Vietnam, but this species is likely restricted to the western Atlantic. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomic status of Vietnamese specimens of ‘G. mammillaris’ using combined morphological and molecular data. Our data clearly indicated that Vietnamese specimens were morphologically and genetically distinct from authentic G. mammillaris from the western Atlantic, and also other described flat Gracilaria species. We, therefore, propose that specimens from Vietnam originally identified as G. mammillaris be designated as a new species, Gracilaria phuquocensis sp. nov. Morphologically, G. phuquocensis can be distinguished from other flat Gracilaria species by its small thallus size, narrower blades, many medullary layers, abundant basal nutritive filaments within mature cystocarps, and tetrasporangial nemathecium. Our rbcL sequence analyses showed that the new species was sister to Gracilaria rhodymenioides from Thailand, and these two species formed a clade with cylindrical Gracilaria species. Our study contributes to clarification of the taxonomic status of misidentified specimens attributed to the flattened Gracilaria species in the South China Sea.
In‐field classification of herbicide‐resistant Papaver rhoeas and Stellaria media using an imaging sensor of the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II
Authors: Linn A I , Mink R , Peteinatos G G , Gerhards R 
Published: July 2019

SummaryReliable in‐season and in‐field tools for rapidly quantifying herbicide efficacy in dicotyledonous weeds are missing. In this study, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of susceptible and resistant Papaver rhoeas and Stellaria media populations in response to treatments with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors were examined. Seedlings (4–6 leafs) were transplanted into the field immediately after the application of the ALS inhibitors florasulam, metsulfuron‐methyl and tribenuron‐methyl. The Fv/Fm values were assessed 1–7, 9 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Based on the Fv/Fm values of all fluorescing pixels in the images of herbicide‐treated plants, discriminant maximum‐likelihood classifiers were created. Based on this classifier, an independent set of images were classified into ‘susceptible’ or ‘resistant’ plants. The classifiers’ accuracy, false‐positive rate and false‐negative rate were calculated. The Fv/Fm values of sensitive P. rhoeas and S. media plants decreased within 3 DAT by 28–43%. The Fv/Fm values of the resistant plants of both species were 20% higher than those of the sensitive plants in all herbicide treatments. The classifier separated sensitive and resistant plants 3 DAT with accuracies of 62–100%. False‐positive and false‐negative classifications decreased with increasing DAT. We conclude that by the assessment of the Fv/Fm value in combination with the classification sensitive and resistant P. rhoeas and S. media populations could be separated 3 DAT. This technique can help to select effective control methods and speed up the monitoring process of susceptible and resistant weeds.
Competing sediment sources during Paleozoic closure of the Marathon-Ouachita remnant ocean basin
Authors: Gao Zihui , Perez Nicholas D. , Miller Brent , Pope Michael C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Paleozoic construction of Pangea advanced southwestward from the Appalachian system to the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt in west Texas and progressively closed a remnant ocean basin between Laurentia and Gondwana. The resulting collisional orogen was a potential driver of Ancestral Rocky Mountain tectonism and impacted continental-scale sediment routing. New detrital zircon U-Pb geochronologic and heavy mineral provenance data from Ordovician–Pennsylvanian strata in the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt, and Permian strata in the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas record changes in sediment provenance during the tectonic development of southwestern Laurentia and the Delaware Basin. In the Marathon fold-and-thrust belt, Ordovician rocks (Woods Hollow and Marathon Formations) record peri-Gondwanan sediment sources prior to continent collision. Syncollisional Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks (Tesnus, Haymond, Gaptank Formations) record contributions from distal Appalachian sources, recycled material from the active continental suture, and volcanic arc material from Gondwana. Near the Guadalupe Mountains, postcollisional Permian strata (Delaware Mountain Group) from the northern Delaware Basin margin suggest a dominantly southern catchment that was sourced from the deforming suture and Gondwanan arc. The results demonstrate that both plates and the active suture zone were sources for the siliciclastic wedge, but their proportions differed through time. These results also suggest that the delay between initial late Mississippian suturing in the Marathon region and increased mid-Permian siliciclastic deposition into the northern Delaware Basin may have been linked to a southward catchment expansion that integrated the collisional belt and southern volcanic arc into a broadly north-directed sediment dispersal system.