bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR STUDY IN the MARKETS OF food products (1998-2018), BASED ON THE AUTHOR'S INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSUMER REQUIREMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES THAT INFLUENCE ON THE CONSUMER MARKET BEHAVIOOR
Authors: Astratova Galina Vladimirovna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author's interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:A) the author's interpretation of the needs for food products, as consisting of three components: 1) the actual need for food (physiological need); 2) the need for emotions obtained from eating (psychological need); 3) the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs (socio-psychological and economic need);B) interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author's interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of Â Sheth J.N., Newman B.I., Gross B.L. (1991), extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V. Astratova (1998);C) identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values, according to the results of research, is different for different food products. This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV & AIDS
Authors: Aryal Nirmala , Paudel Radha , Adhikari Sarita , Rai Aruna 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: AIDS and STD is prioritised disease control program of Nepal. Successful treatment of HIV positive patient is fundamental to control the progression to AIDS and ART adherence is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS.
Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. A total of 195 people living with HIV who were above the age 18 years and taking ARV therapy for at least six months from the ART centre of Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using interview technique with semi structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The findings showed that 91.28% of the respondents reported perfect adherence (≥95%) and 8.71% of the respondents reported non- adherence. Age (OR: 4.28; CI 1.00-18.26) and marital status (OR: 4.96; CI 1.67-14.75) were the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Number of tablets per day (OR: 10.72; CI 1.21-94.4) and use of reminders tool (OR:11.14; CI 2.35-52.75) were the patient related factors significantly associated with the adherence to ARV therapy. Likewise, experience of no discrimination (OR 3.90; CI 1.11-13.69) and help for the intake of medicine from family members (OR 2.95; CI 1.95-9.19) were the psychosocial factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Adherence counselling (OR 13.38; CI 2.99-59.75) and lower travelling cost (OR 3.99; CI 1.40-11.34) were the service factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy.
Conclusions: The prevalence of adherence found in this study was good. Help from the family members, adherence counselling and use of reminders tool for intake of medicine enhanced adherence. Whereas, side effects, alcohol use, burden of pills, experience of discrimination were the barriers for adherence to ART. For improving adherence government and as well as the hospital requires interventions which recognise these barriers.
Pattern of Diseases Presenting in Dermatology OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Shakya Sunil , Adhikari Anurag , Poudel Ayusha , Aryal Barun Babu , Jha Sagar Mani , Shakya Nabin Bhakta , Dangol Anil Kumar Singh 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Dermatological conditions make up a significant burden of hospital visits. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of different dermatological conditions among OPD visits in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, and describe the variation of those conditions with demographic variables and seasons.
Methods: This study was performed retrospectively using the data collected in the OPD register of a tertiary level hospital from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018. Analysis was conducted using MS Excel 2016 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v25.
Results: A total number of 24,332 OPD visits were recorded in the year. 54.3% of the visits were made by males and 45.7% by females and most common age group seeking dermatological consultation was 25 to 34 years. Noninfectious dermatoses were more common than infections. The most common noninfectious dermatoses were dermatitis/eczema, urticaria, angioedema and hypersensitivity, and pigmentary disorders in descending order of frequency. The common infectious dermatoses in decreasing order of frequency were fungal, viral, and parasitic/protozoal conditions. The infectious dermatoses were found to be significantly higher in males (p<0.05) while pigmentary disorders, urticaria and angioedema, autoimmune cutaneous disorders, disorders of pilosebaceous units and xerosis were significantly higher in females (p<0.05). Bacterial, fungal and viral infections, eczemas, urticarial/angioedema, papulosquamous disorders, xerosis, neoplasms and vasculitis showed significant seasonal variation.
Conclusions: Eczemas and fungal infections are the most common dermatoses. Infectious dermatoses and several non-infectious dermatoses vary significantly with seasons.
Barriers to Directly Observed Treatment for Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal - Qualitative Study
Authors: Bichha R.P. , Karki K.B. , Jha K.K. , Salhotra V.S. , Weerakoon A.P. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: To prevent the multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is important to adhere long duration of drug regimen. There are many factors or barriers that are likely to affect adherence to the long treatment regimen.
Objectives: To find out the barriers for adherence to MDR –TB treatment.
Methods: The study was conducted as an institutional based qualitative study, using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected from 50 current MDR-TB patients by trained field health workers using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire in all regions in Nepal. Twenty five focus group discussions (FGD) were also conducted with MDR-TB patients, cured MDR-TB patients, DOTS Committee Members, health workers and close relatives of MDR-TB patients to supplement the findings.
Results: Out of 50 respondents 19 were females and 31 were males. Their age varied from 22 years to 61 years. Majority of patients had a previous history of irregular TB treatment. Forty out of fifty patients (80%) were living in either rented houses or hostels (in Mid Western Region). Knowledge about TB and MDR-TB was satisfactory in majority of participants in both studies. Majority of participants were satisfied with facilities and services provided by MDR-TB clinics. There is a very little stigma associated with MDR-TB in Nepal. FGD revealed the onset of MDR-TB was attributed to causes such as smoking, alcohol abuse, poor nutrition, and contact with TB patients. Lack of money to go to health facility daily for treatment was reported as major barriers to adhere to MDR-TB treatment.
Conclusion: Financial constraints were the major barrier for these patients. To sustain proper MDRTB programme, Government of Nepal and other organization should provide social support to these patients.
Clinical Profile and Management of Empyema Thoracis: Experience from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mishra D.R. , Bhatta N. , Koirala P. , Ghimire R.H. , Bista B. , Shah N.A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The management of Empyema Thoracis is challenging. It requires specialist medical and surgical care at the same time. There are of lack of data regarding the clinical profile and the steps of day to day management, hence this study aims to identify these parameters and focus on the gaps in management that is commonplace in our setting and that are representative of other resource limited settings as well.
Methods: Clinical profile, etiological agents, hospital course and outcome of 30 patients with empyema thoracis treated from 2012 to 2014 in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences was analyzed. All patients were diagnosed on the basis of aspiration of frank pus from pleural cavity.
Results: 28 cases (93.3%) were Male and the mean age was 42.07±18.28 years. 73.3% of the empyema was Right sided and 60% were classified as medium sized and 40% as small sized. 60% of the patients were smokers. 80% of the case were diagnosed as bacterial infection whereas 20% were presumed tubercular on clinical basis and responded to treatment. Fever was the commonest presentation in 80% of the cases followed by shortness of breath (66.7%), cough (60%), chest pain (53.3%) and sputum production (20%). On investigation, pH was not measured in the fear of clogging the ABG machine. Pleural fluid glucose was below 40 mg/dl in all the cases. The median ADA value was 54.30 (15-350) and ADA was higher than 40 U/l in 10 cases with non-tubercular empyema. All cases were managed with Chest tube insertion and antibiotics. Four patients had to be referred for BPF closure whereas five for decortications. In all cases requiring decortications, a “pleural peel” could be identified in Chest Xrays. Since the patients were being managed in different units the outcome of referred patients could not be ascertained.
Conclusion: The gaps in the management of empyema in resource limited setting starts from inappropriate early treatment, inadequate diagnostic facilities, delayed referral and lack of early and appropriate surgical intervention. All these factors combine to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with the management of Empyema thoracis.
Structural evolution of ceramic coatings by mechanical alloying
Authors: Sagdoldina Zhuldyz , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Skakov Mazhyn , Stepanova Olga 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article researches the formation of ceramic coatings of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) on a X 12 Cr Ni 18 10 Ti steel surface after mechanical alloying. The study of the coating surfaces shows a coalescence of defected coating particles with subgrains created. This process is more representative due to the difference in toughness between zirconium oxide and steel. It is suggested that an adhesive bond between the coating and support structure is provided by the strain welding of the powder on the support structure coating. When using X-phase analysis, neither the diffusive mixing of coating/support structure components nor the formation of new compounds and phase changes are revealed. Surface contamination of the coating with carbon was found. It decreased in the direction of the border between the coating and the support structure. This may be due to the mechanical sorption of carbon dioxide from the environment.
Influence of variation of energy per unit length on mechanical-technological properties of ultra-high-strength steel 22MnB5 in the laser beam welding process
Authors: Reisgen Uwe , Olschok Simon , Gerhards Benjamin , Akyel Fatma 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ultra-high strength steel 22MnB5 with 1.5 mm thickness was laser beam butt welded under varied welding parameters such as focal diameter, welding speed and beam power. The ultra-high strength material is softened by the laser beam welding process due to tempering in the heat-affected zone, which causes a loss in tensile strength and hardness compared to the base material. The influence of softening on the mechanical-technological properties was investigated. Hardness profiles of welded specimens were examined and tensile tests with digital image correlation were carried out. The digital image correlation showed the area in which the strain was concentrated as well as the location of fraction initiation. The microstructure was examined using micrographs and scanning electron microscopy images; the composition of the structure was subjected to X-ray diffraction. Dilatometry was used to map the individual areas of the heat-affected zone with respect to temperature and hardness. An increase in the energy per unit length influenced the width of the heat-affected zone and thus, the width of the softened zone. It was not possible to exert influence on the depth of hardness drop. The tensile strength, however, increased due to the narrower width of the softened zone.
Optimum spatial variable blank holder forces determined by the sequential response surface method (SRSM) and a hybrid algorithm
Authors: Sener Bora , Yurci Mehmet Emin , Bogoclu Muharrem 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The blank holder force (BHF) plays an important role in the control of material flow. Low BHF leads to wrinkling, while high BHF leads to tearing at the part in the deep drawing process. Therefore, BHF control along the blank periphery is very crucial for the success of the deep drawing process. In this paper, spatial variable blank holder forces in the deep drawing of a double bowl sink were predicted by using a method based on a sequential response surface and hybrid algorithm. Predicted blank holder forces from the method were verified on a multipoint control hydraulic press and a 26 % improvement in the minimum thickness of the part formed as compared to the BHF constant was obtained.
Effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of a green sandwich composite
Authors: Prabhakaran Sivalingam , Krishnaraj Vijayan , Senthilkumar Mouleeswaran , Zitoune Redouane , Shankar Krishna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of new green sandwich composite material made of flax as skin reinforcement and agglomerated cork as core. In this work, three different types of skin reinforcements and three different densities of agglomerated cork core have been used for the manufacturing of sandwich composites. The manufactured sandwich composites were subjected to three-point bending tests under both dry and wet conditions. The three-point bending results confirmed a decrease in the specific flexural strength by 14-42 % in wet samples due to water absorption. Also, the increase in core density leads to an increase in flexural strength both in dry and wet conditions. During testing under dry conditions, the specific flexural strength of flax reinforced sandwich composite was found to be superior because of the higher strength to weight ratio factor of flax fiber when compared to a glass reinforced sandwich composite and glass/flax reinforced hybrid sandwich composite. Due to the hydrophilic nature of flax fibers, flax reinforced sandwich composite has a reduced specific flexural strength in wet conditions when compared to glass reinforced sandwich composite and glass/flax reinforced hybrid sandwich composite.
Wavelet based pseudo color scaling for optimizing wear behavior of epoxy composites
Authors: Dharmalingam Satish Kumar , Murugesan Rajmohan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Application of polymer matrix composites in mechanical systems, where relative motions are involved, requires an investigation on the tribological performances of the composites. The prime objective of this work is to identify the optimum combination of input parameters such as speed N (rpm), load L (N), distance D (m) and material for minimum weight loss and minimum coefficient of friction. The performances are measured after performing experiments (full factorial) using pin on disc setup. Wavelet based pseudo color scaling and wavelet fusion methods are adopted to identify the optimum conditions. Accordingly, high speed, low load, moderate distance applied on epoxy with glass fiber and carbon particles is found to be optimum for minimum weight loss and minimum coefficient of friction.
Thermodynamic calculation of phase equilibria in the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system
Authors: Niu Chunju , Li Changrong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn the basis of the experimental phase equilibria of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system, the thermodynamic assessment of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system was carried out by means of the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) technique. The Gibbs free energies of the solid solution phases (Rhombohedral_A7, Hcp_A3 and Hcp_Zn) were described by the substitutional solution model, and that of the liquid phase was described by the associate model with the constituent species Bi, Bi2Mg3, Mg and Zn. The non-stoichiometric compound, α-Bi2Mg3 as well as its high temperature allotrope β-Bi2Mg3 were described by the sublattice models, (Bi,Zn,Va)2(Mg,Zn)3 and (Bi,Zn)1(Bi,Zn,Va)3(Mg,Zn)6, respectively. In order to obtain a set of self-consistent thermodynamic data, the thermodynamic parameters of the phases, including liquid, α-Bi2Mg3 and β-Bi2Mg3, of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system were optimized while the thermodynamic data of other phases were adopted directly from the literature reports of the constituent binary systems. With this newly developed thermodynamic database, the CALPHAD results can well reproduce the experimental phase diagram information of the Bi–Mg–Zn ternary system. The solidification processes of a typical Bi–Mg–Zn alloy are calculated and analyzed using the phase equilibrium approach and the Gulliver–Scheil model in comparison with the experimental investigation.
Pneumonia in patients with chronic kidney disease V D stage: pathogenetic aspects of complex therapy and outcomes
Authors: Shifris I. , Korol L. , Magas O. , Krasiuk E. , Dudar I. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract.The aim of our study was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of comorbid pneumonia in patients with CKD VD stage.
Materials and Methods. 73 patients with CKD VD st. (59 on HD and 14 on PD) with mild to moderate comorbid pneumonia who received renal replacement therapy (RRT) during 2013-2016 were included in the observational prospective open-label randomized trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n = 42) included patients who in addition to the conventional therapy of pneumonia received medication «Lipin» as a complex therapy; group 2 included patients (n = 31) who received only basic (traditional) therapy. The groups were representative by the main demographic, social and clinical-laboratory findings, severity of pneumonia, duration and modality of RRT. The primary endpoints were death from any cause and episodes of rehospitalization. The overall assessment of the clinical efficacy of the therapy was based on a comparison of the duration of hospitalization, antibiotic therapy, intoxication syndrome, and regression of X-ray changes.
Survival in observation groups was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyzed cases were included to October 31, 2018.
The markers of oxidative stress (OS) were determined in 29 patients of group 1 and 14 patients of group 2 before treatment and after 14 days while treatment of pneumonia was started.
Results. The analysis demonstrated that during a 1-year period a 17 (25,76%) episodes of rehospitalization were recorded: 11 causes (35.5%) in group 1 and 6 (14.3%) in group 2 (χ² = 4.486, p = 0.035). In total, 29 deaths were recorded during the study period: 10 (23.8%) cases in group 1, and 19 (61.3%) - in group 2 (χ² = 8.957, p = 0.003, RR - 2.574, 95% CI: 1.400-4.733). The three- and five-year cumulative survival rates were 83% vs. 21% and 59% vs. 21%, in the group 1 and group 2, respectively (p = 0.00003). It was stated that the duration of hospitalization, antibiotic therapy, intoxication syndrome and X-ray regression were significantly lower in group 1 compared with group 2 (p <0.05). The comparative analysis of dynamics in the groups shows that increasing the treatment effectiveness at complex therapy background accompanied by a significant positive dynamics of OS markers (p <0,05).
Conclusions Thus, the results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of complex method of pneumonia treatment in patients with CKD stage 5D including Lipin medication compared traditional therapy. There is a significant difference in patient survival depending on the proposed and generally accepted treatment.
Quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients and its relationship with nutrition disorders
Authors: Dudar I. , Shymova A. , Gonchar Y. , Loboda O. , Krasiuk E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and its relationship with nutritional disorders.
Methods. 52 PD patients were included in the observational cross-sectional study. The QoL was conducted using a SF-36 quality of life assessment questionnaire. Moreover, the PD patients’ nutrition status (NS) was examined. For further analysis, the patients were divided into four groups according to the condition of the NS: the first group (n = 22) consisted of patients without nutrition disturbance, the second group (n =13) included the patients with mild nutrition disorders, the third group (n = 10) consisted the patients with an average degree of the NS, and the fourth one (n = 7) envolved the patients with a severe degree of malnutrition. A comparative evaluation of QoL among the PD patients with different nutrition disorders was performed.
Results. During the analysis of indicators QoL we receive the following results: all patients were dissatisfied with the general state of health, the lowest of the indicators was the burden of the disease. The physical total component was lower than the mental. According to the analysis of NS parameters, nutritional disorders were observed in 57.6 % patients. Also according to the results, it follows that nutritional disorders negatively affect the QoL of the PD patients. Moreover, a direct strong correlation between the serum albumin level and the overall QoL score was obtained (r = 0.95; p < 0.001). In addition, the strong direct correlation between a body mass index (BMI) and overall QoL (r = 0.92; p < 0.001) and subjective global assessment (SGA) and overall QoL (r = 0.85; p < 0.001) were observed.
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it was found that PD patients' QoL is dissatisfied. It was confirmed that nutritional disorders affect bad on the QoL of patients with almost all parameters. The overall QoL was significantly associated with serum albumin levels, BMI and SGA.
Arctic Circumpolar Civilization
Authors: Shachin Sviatoslav 
Published: March 2019

This article analyzes the concept of an Arctic circumpolar
civilization and focuses on contradictions inherent within the concept.
Some of these antinomies are the nomadic character of the traditional
Arctic civilization and the traditional academic approach
that takes a sedentarist perspective; the rich worldview of the Arctic
residents and its inadequate reflection in the rational paradigm
of cognition; and issues surrounding sustainable development and
the global crisis of humanity, which leads to instability worldwide,
including in the Arctic. The article proposes method of dialectical
synthesis for resolving such antinomies.TRANSLATED BY TATIANA ARGOUNOVA-LOW