bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Climate Change on Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Uddin Taslim , Islam Mohammed T , Tasnim Anika , Gosney James E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This review aimed to identify health impacts of climate change on persons with disabilities in developing countries as well as factors influencing the vulnerability and resilience of affected individuals to related natural disasters.

Methods
PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched, 2005 to 2023 inclusive, focusing on the keyword terms “persons with disabilities”, “climate change” and “developing countries”. Identified articles were screened for inclusion and qualifying articles received a full-text review. Of 463 articles identified, following removal of six duplicates, 457 articles were screened; 412 were excluded. Of the remaining 45 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 15 were selected and included in the review with two additional articles from a manual search.

Results
Findings revealed themes including the impact of climate change on the physical and mental health of persons with disabilities in developing countries. The general theme of resilience to natural disasters and specific coping strategies were also elaborated.

Conclusions
While there is increasing recognition of the psychosocial impacts of climate change-related natural disasters on persons with disabilities, there remain significant gaps in awareness of mental health needs and related service provision. Resolving these gaps is indispensable to achieving equitable climate change-related health outcomes in developing countries.
Impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasound on Secondary Triage: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stucchi Riccardo , Weinstein Eric S , Ripoll-Gallardo Alba , Franc Jeffery M , Azzaretto Massimo , Sesana Giovanni , Corte Francesco Della , Neri Luca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In mass casualty scenarios, patients with apparent hemodynamic and respiratory stability might have occult life-threatening injuries. These patients could benefit from more accurate triage methods. This study assessed the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on the accuracy of secondary triage conducted at an advanced medical post (AMP) to enhance the detection of patients who, despite their apparent clinically stable condition, could benefit from immediate life-saving interventions or priority earlier transport to definitive care.

Methods
A mass casualty simulated event consisting of a bomb blast in a remote area was conducted with 10 simulated casualties classified as YELLOW at the primary triage scene; patients were evaluated by 4 physicians at an AMP. Three patients had, respectively, hemoperitoneum, pneumothorax, and hemothorax. Two of the four physicians were provided the use of POCUS.

Results
All 4 physicians were able to suspect hemoperitoneum, but only physicians utilizing POCUS detected pneumothorax and hemothorax.

Conclusion
This study suggests that POCUS-enhanced secondary MCI triage at an AMP may represent an effective methodology to accurately detect nonapparent injuries that require time-dependent priority transport or life-saving interventions. Further studies with larger samples conducted in varied MCI scenarios are warranted.
Orientation of inertialess spheroidal particles in turbulent channel flow with spanwise rotation
Authors: Chen Dongming , Cui Zhiwen , Yuan Wenjun , Zhao Lihao , Andersson Helge I. 
Published: October 2024

The orientation dynamics of inertialess prolate and oblate spheroidal particles in a directly simulated spanwise-rotating turbulent channel flow has been investigated by means of an Eulerian–Lagrangian point-particle approach. The channel rotation and the particle shape were parameterized using a rotation number Ro and the aspect ratio λ, respectively. Eleven particle shapes 0.05 ≤ λ ≤ 20 and four rotation rates 0 ≤ Ro ≤ 10 have been examined. The spheroidal particles retained their almost isotropic orientation in the core region of the channel, despite the significant mean shear rate set up by the Coriolis force. Irrespective of channel rotation rate Ro, rod-like spheroids tend to align in the streamwise direction, while disk-like particles are oriented in the wall-normal direction. These trends were accentuated with increasing departure from sphericity λ = 1. The changeover from the isotropic orientation mode in the centre to the highly anisotropic near-wall orientation mode commenced further away from the suction-side wall with increasing Ro, whereas the particle orientations on the pressure side of the rotating channel remained essentially unaffected by Ro. We observed that the alignments of the fluid rotation vector with the Lagrangian stretching direction were similarly unaffected by the imposed system rotation, except that the de-alignment set in deeper into the core at high Ro. This contrasts with the well-known substantial impact of system rotation on the velocity and vorticity fields. Similarly, slender rods and flatter disks were aligned with the Lagrangian stretching and compression directions, respectively, for all Ro considered, except in the vicinity of the walls. The typical near-wall de-alignment extended considerably further away from the suction-side wall at high Ro. We conjecture that this phenomenon reflects a change in the relative importance of mean shear and small-scale turbulence caused by the Coriolis force. Preferential particle alignment with Lagrangian stretching and compression directions are known from isotropic and anisotropic turbulence in inertial reference systems. The present results demonstrate the validity of this principle also in a non-inertial system.
Is L2 pronunciation affected by increased task complexity in pronunciation-unfocused speaking tasks?
Authors: Mora-Plaza Ingrid , Mora Joan C. , Ortega Mireia , Aliaga-Garcia Cristina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of task complexity on second language (L2) pronunciation accuracy and global pronunciation measures in pronunciation-unfocused tasks and assesses the relationship between acoustic and listener-based pronunciation measures. Eighty-two Catalan/Spanish learners of English performed simple and complex versions of a problem-solving monologic speaking task, for which the oral stops /p, t, k/ and vowel contrasts /iː/-/ɪ/ and /æ/-/ᴧ/ were embedded in the lexical items used to perform the task. Pronunciation accuracy was gauged through acoustic measurements of laryngeal timing (voice onset time), vowel contrastiveness and nativelikeness (Mahalanobis distances), and native speakers’ ratings of comprehensibility and accentedness. Results revealed detrimental effects of increased task complexity on the productions of oral stops and speech comprehensibility and accentedness; however, no consistent task complexity effects were found on vowel accuracy. The analysis also revealed an association between segmental accuracy and global dimensions of L2 speech.
Ecological system theory and school-age obesity in Thailand: a participation action research for implications to practice
Authors: Suwannawong Pennapa R. , Auemaneekul Naruemon , Powwattana Arpaporn , Chongsuwat Rewadee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Developing an appropriate context-based school-age obesity prevention programme, understanding the root causes of obesity in real-life situations is vital. The objectives of this study were to explore the risk factors of school-age obesity based on Ecological System Theory (EST) and develop mutual problem-solving guidelines for school-age obesity prevention.

Methods
Participation Action Research (PAR) was used as the study design. The data collection employed focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, participant’s observations, together with the procedures of Appreciation, Influence, and Control (AIC) with 55 school key informants.

Results
Risk factors supported by EST at all level included high-calorie intake; sedentary lifestyles; perceptions of ‘Chubby are cute’; indulgent parenting, including limited exercise area in school. PAR process guarantees the sustained context-based prevention guidelines.

Conclusions
The results could be used as a policy-driven for school-based participation and environmental support in order to promote health-promoting school.
Venous thromboembolism in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on a pediatric-inspired regimen
Authors: Shimony Shai , Raman Hari S. , Flamand Yael , Keating Julia , Paolino Jonathan D. , Valtis Yannis K. , Place Andrew E. , Silverman Lewis B. , Sallan Stephen E. , Vrooman Lynda M. , Brunner Andrew M. , Neuberg Donna S. , Galinsky Ilene , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Winer Eric S. , Wadleigh Martha , Stone Richard M. , Connors Jean M. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Luskin Marlise R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAsparaginase (ASP)-containing regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, role of prophylaxis and clinical impact of VTE among adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients (15–50 years) treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL protocols. The 1- and 2-year cumulative incidence of VTE were 31.9% (95% CI: 27.0%, 36.9%) and 33.5% (95% CI: 28.5%, 38.5%) respectively, with most events occurring during ASP-based consolidation phase (68.6%). VTE was more frequent in patients with overweight/obese vs. normal BMI (39.2% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.048). In a 1-year landmark analysis, the 4-year overall survival was 91.5%, without difference between patients with vs. without VTE (93.8% vs. 90.0%, p = 0.93). Relapse and non-relapse mortality rates were also similar. Among patients treated at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, cerebral sinus vein thrombosis occurred in 3.6% of patients (8.5% of VTE events) in comparison to pulmonary embolism (32.9%) and deep vein thromboses (58.6%, 24.4% line-associated). In a Cox regression model for VTE free-time, elevated BMI was associated with shorter VTE free-time (HR 1.94 [95% CI 1.13-3.35], p = 0.018), while low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis as time-varying covariate was not. In conclusion, we found that VTE was frequent in AYAs treated on DFCI ALL protocols but did not impact survival outcomes. Overweight/obese BMI increased risk for VTE.
Universal control of four singlet–triplet qubits
Authors: Zhang Xin , Morozova Elizaveta , Rimbach-Russ Maximilian , Jirovec Daniel , Hsiao Tzu-Kan , Fariña Pablo Cova , Wang Chien-An , Oosterhout Stefan D. , Sammak Amir , Scappucci Giordano , Veldhorst Menno , Vandersypen Lieven M. K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The coherent control of interacting spins in semiconductor quantum dots is of strong interest for quantum information processing and for studying quantum magnetism from the bottom up. Here we present a 2 × 4 germanium quantum dot array with full and controllable interactions between nearest-neighbour spins. As a demonstration of the level of control, we define four singlet–triplet qubits in this system and show two-axis single-qubit control of each qubit and SWAP-style two-qubit gates between all neighbouring qubit pairs, yielding average single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.49(8)–99.84(1)% and Bell state fidelities of 73(1)–90(1)%. Combining these operations, we experimentally implement a circuit designed to generate and distribute entanglement across the array. A remote Bell state with a fidelity of 75(2)% and concurrence of 22(4)% is achieved. These results highlight the potential of singlet–triplet qubits as a competing platform for quantum computing and indicate that scaling up the control of quantum dot spins in extended bilinear arrays can be feasible.
Demographic toxicology of insect growth regulators on the nontarget ectolarval parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor
Authors: Mansour Amany N. , Ghoneim Karem S. , Hamadah Khaled S. , Elsoud Ahmed A. Abo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHabrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most important parasitoids of many pyralid moths, including the olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The widespread use of insecticides threatens natural enemies. Assessing the side effects of insecticides on nontarget organisms supports the rational use of insecticides during field application. The present study evaluates the lethal and sublethal effects of three insect growth regulators (IGRs), novaluron, methoxyfenozide, and pyriproxyfen, on P. unionalis and the demographic toxicology of these IGRs on its parasitoid H. hebetor. The LC50 values of these IGRs on P. unionalis were 0.97, 0.176, and 0.00009 ppm, respectively, indicating that pyriproxyfen was the most toxic. When H. hebetor adults were exposed to these LC50 levels under laboratory conditions to determine possible side effects. The IGRs did not affect the paralysis and parasitism rates of the parasitoid nor the sex ratio of its offspring. IGR treatments slightly reduced hatching rates and immature survival by 15–25%, indicating moderate effects on the early developmental stages of H. hebetor. The longevity and fecundity of treated females were each reduced to < 50% of their respective values in untreated females. Additionally, some demographic parameters of the parasitoid were significantly affected by the IGRs. Nevertheless, despite these observed effects, the positive net reproductive rate (R0 > 0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm > 1) of H. hebetor indicated an exponential population increase that reflects the compatibility of the IGRs with the parasitoid. Our results demonstrated that the tested IGRs could be categorized as relatively harmless compounds to the parasitoid. Following these laboratory assessments, field studies will be required to confirm the effects of the tested IGRs on H. hebetor as well as other nontarget organisms.
A large scale multi institutional study for radiomics driven machine learning for meningioma grading
Authors: Karabacak Mert , Patil Shiv , Feng Rui , Shrivastava Raj K. , Margetis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop and evaluate radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models for predicting meningioma grades using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study utilized the BraTS-MEN dataset’s training split, including 698 patients (524 with grade 1 and 174 with grade 2–3 meningiomas). We extracted 4872 radiomic features from T1, T1 with contrast, T2, and FLAIR MRI sequences using PyRadiomics. LASSO regression reduced features to 176. The data was split into training (60%), validation (20%), and test (20%) sets. Five ML algorithms (TabPFN, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and Random Forest) were employed to build models differentiating low-grade (grade 1) from high-grade (grade 2–3) meningiomas. Hyperparameter tuning was performed using Optuna, optimizing model-specific parameters and feature selection. The CatBoost model demonstrated the best performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.838 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.689–0.935], precision of 0.492 (95% CI: 0.371–0.623), recall of 0.838 (95% CI: 0.689–0.935), F1 score of 0.620 (95% CI: 0.495–0.722), accuracy of 0.729 (95% CI: 0.650–0.800), an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.620 (95% CI: 0.433–0.753), and Brier score of 0.156 (95% CI: 0.122-0.200). Other models showed comparable performance, with mean AUROCs ranging from 0.752 to 0.784. The radiomics-based ML approach presented in this study showcases the potential for non-invasive and pre-operative grading of meningiomas using multiparametric MRI. Further validation on larger and independent datasets is necessary to establish the robustness and generalizability of these findings.
Hierarchical multi‐modal video summarization with dynamic sampling
Authors: Yu Lingjian , Zhao Xing , Xie Liang , Liang Haoran , Liang Ronghua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious video summarization methods often neglected inter‐frame variations during the preprocessing stage. Sampling repeated frames can lead to information redundancy, while missing key frames can result in deviations in semantic comprehension and inaccuracies in the generated summaries. This work proposes a dynamic sampling module that leverages frame‐level motion information to alleviate these issues. The module conducts high‐frequency sampling during intervals with significant changes, allowing for a finer capture of details. Combined with a hierarchical multi‐modal structure, it integrates shot‐level visual and textual information to enhance the semantic understanding of video clips and improve the accuracy of the summarized content. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets SumMe and TVSum demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The liveweight, carcasses and meat quality of intact and castrated male lambs reared under a pasture-fed Australian production system
Authors: McGrath Shawn R. , Allworth M. Bruce , Stephens James , Henry Michelle L. E. , Holman Benjamin W. B. 
Published: October 2024

Context Intact male (ram) lambs are often discounted by meat processors because of their perceived defective meat quality. Aims This study quantified the effects of castration on the liveweight, growth, carcass parameters and the meat quality of male lambs. Methods Liveweight, growth and carcass data were collected from 133 ram and 132 castrated (wether) lambs reared under a pasture-fed production system. A total of 50 lambs were subsequently selected, balanced by final curfew liveweight and castration status, to investigate additional carcass, meat quality, consumer sensory panel scores and colour stability parameters. Key results It was found that total average daily gains for ram lambs were highest (242.9 ± 5.2 g/day; P = 0.002), resulting from their higher pre-weaning growth rate of 327.7 ± 9.7 g/day (P < 0.001). Wethers were fattier, having higher estimated intramuscular fat (3.9 vs 3.3 ± 0.1%, respectively) and subcutaneous fat depth (14.7 vs 13.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively) than ram lambs. Purge loss (P < 0.030) and ultimate pH (P < 0.035) were higher for the meat of wether lambs, but only after 32 days of wet ageing. Consumers scored the meat of wether lambs as significantly more tender (61.0 vs 54.6 ± 2.3%; P = 0.005) and of greater overall liking (65.1 vs 61.1 ± 2.0%; P = 0.044) than that of ram lambs. These, and a comparison of shear force, near infrared spectroscopy for intramuscular fat content and retail colour with consumer thresholds, suggest a general satisfaction with ram and wether lamb meat quality. Conclusions Collectively, there seems to be few tangible performance and meat quality advantages to the castration of male lambs. Implications Prime lamb producers must consider flock management and market preference when deciding on best practice.
Characterization of soil organic carbon at profile scale in two forest soils under pine and holm oak
Authors: Fernández-Getino García A. P. 
Published: October 2024

Context It is essential to promote soil carbon sequestration as a means to mitigate climate change. Thus, it is fundamental to know the distribution of C in the soil at profile scale, the characteristics of humic substances as indicators of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and their relationship with other soil properties. Aims Two forest ecosystems under pine and holm oak developed under a Meso-Mediterranean climate in Spain were used to characterize SOM through the complete sequence of layers of the soil profile. Methods General soil analysis, infrared spectroscopic analysis and soil color measurements were conducted for the characterization. Key results Humus form under oak was found to be Mull mesotrophic–Mull acid while humus under pine Moder oligotrophic. The infrared spectrum determined that oxidation of the humic acids was more complete in the deeper horizons. Relationships between intensities of the main spectral bands in both soils followed similar maximum and minimum sequence values. The total humic extract (THE) color measured by reflection was found inversely related to the THE color measured by transmission. In the same way, the color spectrum between 350 and 800 nm in the THE showed an inverse relation between hue/brightness and absorbance values. Conclusions Infrared analysis and color measurements provided evidence of a different level of stabilization of humic substances from each soil, and between the different horizons. Large spatial variability in soil organic carbon quantity and quality was observed. Implications Better understanding of carbon sequestration behavior in different soil ecosystems in its crucial role within the global carbon cycle
Closeness facilitating interaction among Japanese learners of English
Authors: Tu Stachus Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the perceived effect of friendship on the difficulty arising from the fear of negative
evaluation experienced by Japanese university students when engaging in pair work and speaking English. Furthermore, this study
aims to determine the perceived effectiveness and opinions towards friendship-building activities in an L2 English classroom. The
investigations administer a questionnaire to students after 14 weeks of friendship-building activities that include icebreakers,
games, and randomly assigned seating. Students report their perceived level of difficulty when engaging in pair work and speaking
English with friends and non-friends. Additionally, students report on their perceived effectiveness and opinions towards
friendship-building activities. The investigations find that learners associate less difficulty with pair work and speaking
English among friends. Moreover, the results indicate that learners perceive friendships as a mitigator of the fear of negative
evaluation and its effects. The results also suggest that friendship-building activities facilitate the creation of friendships
and are perceived as necessary and positive by learners. The study promotes the use of friendship-building in the classroom,
particularly for learners with sociocultural backgrounds that are more prone to experiencing the fear of negative evaluation.
Using AI to expand the “Toolbox” for EAP writing instruction
Authors: Van de Poel Kris , Gasiorek Jessica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The recent advent of AI-based digital assistants such as ChatGPT offers the potential for a new tool in the
instructional “toolbox” for EAP courses. We report on a retrospective survey of students’ experiences using ChatGPT in first- and
second-year EAP core writing courses at a continental European university. Students reported that they saw ChatGPT as a social
agent, had moderately fluent experiences interacting with it, and had moderately positive perceptions of ChatGPT as an
instructional tool. Both self-reported fluency of the interaction and perceptions of ChatGPT’s social agentic qualities were
positively associated with perceptions of ChatGPT’s value as an instructional tool. Students reported that ChatGPT was less
helpful than their professors, and neither more nor less helpful than their peers. Implications for EAP instruction are
discussed.
The power of old ideas newly expressed
Authors: Bélanger-Vincent Ariane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article tracks the legitimization practices deployed to change the discourse regarding coercive interventions to
protect human lives which, at the end of the 1990s, became both acceptable practices discussed in multilateral settings and deeply
controversial issues. It focuses on the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) and two important strategies. The first is the proposition to
change the ways in which we talk about (military) intervention for human protection purposes, i.e. a passage from “humanitarian
intervention” and the “right to intervene” towards R2P. The second is the practices that agents hoped would give legitimacy to their ideas,
especially regarding postcolonial states, historically skeptical and critical of humanitarian intervention. I argue that the agents were
able to reframe the debate using more legitimate discourse while adopting legitimization practices to raise the acceptability of R2P.