bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacium flavum‐Derived Phytochemical Compounds and Their Molecular Interactions with SIRT1
Authors: Aytar Erdi Can 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and phytochemical components of Glacium flavum root extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 87.01 µg/mL ± 4.98, iron chelating activity 7.49 mg/mL ± 0.36, total phenolic content 594.39 mg GAE/g extract ± 17.90, and total flavonoid content 44.30 mg QE/g extract ± 4.76. These results indicate that G. flavum root extract possesses significant antioxidant properties and rich phytochemical components. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 11 biologically active components. Fatty acid composition analysis revealed lauric acid (1.26%), myristic acid (1.20%), palmitic acid (14.58%), stearic acid (3.40%), oleic acid (4.41%), linoleic acid (20.00%), and alpha‐linolenic acid (41.43%). Molecular docking studies demonstrated significant binding interactions of alpha‐linolenic acid and ethyl oxirane‐2‐carboxylate with the SIRT1 catalytic domain (4I5I), with binding energies of −4.5 kcal/mol and −4.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, (2S)‐2‐hydroxybutanedioic acid and butane‐2,3‐diol also exhibited notable interactions. Toxicity profiles showed that alpha‐linolenic acid and butane‐2,3‐diol have lower toxicity, while 2‐ethyl oxirane‐2‐carboxylate and (2S)‐2‐hydroxybutanedioic acid displayed moderate toxicity. Drug‐likeness evaluations indicate that the compounds meet various medicinal chemistry criteria, each facing development challenges. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the antioxidant potential, biologically active components, and toxicological characteristics of G. flavum root extract.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Performance of (Mg0.4Co0.4Mn0.2)Fe2−2xSmxSnxO4 Nanoparticles for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Water Treatment
Authors: Moussa Rola , Aridi Amani , AlHajjar Nour , Awad Ramadan , Naoufal Daoud 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWater contamination by heavy metal ions poses a significant environmental threat. This study investigates (Mg0.4Co0.4Mn0.2)Fe2−2xSmxSnxO4 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.050) ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) as eco‐friendly adsorbents for Cu(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), and Zn(II). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed sample purity, with crystallite size decreasing from 20.28 to 13.31 nm as x increased. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies revealed irregular morphology, whereas energy‐dispersive X‐ray showed successful dopant incorporation into the ferrite lattice. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis indicated a surface area increase from 76.5 to 91.4 m2/g with doping. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy identified oxidation states, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the spinel structure. Doping also increased the direct bandgap energy from 3.224 to 3.245 eV and decreased Urbach energy from 0.374 to 0.352 eV. The NPs achieved high removal efficiencies for Cr(III) at 93.3%, Fe(III) at 98.8%, and Zn(II) at 80.6%, though removal of Cu(II) was minimal. The optimal adsorption performance was observed at x = 0.050. Adsorption followed second‐order kinetics and fit the Langmuir isotherm.
Designing and implementing the IDEAL Study: A randomized clinical trial of APOE genotype disclosure for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease in an urban Latino population
Authors: Wetmore John B. , Rodriguez Sophia , Diaz Caro Daniela , Cabán María , Uhlmann Wendy , Goldman Jill , Leu Cheng‐Shiun , Godinez Jonathan D. , Camarillo Itzel A. , Ferber Rebecca , Blasco Drew , Lantigua Rafael A. , Abraído‐Lanza Ana , Chung Wendy K. , Roberts J. Scott , Siegel Karolynn , Ottman Ruth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe Información de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer para Latinos (IDEAL) Study is a randomized clinical trial investigating the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype disclosure for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Latinos.METHODSWe used address‐based sampling to recruit English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Latinos aged 40–64 living in northern Manhattan for a community‐based Baseline Survey about their knowledge and opinions about AD. Participants eligible for the clinical trial were invited to complete an Introductory Session, including AD and genetics education and informed consent, before undergoing genotyping for APOE. Participants were then randomized to learn their risk of AD by age 85 (range: 21%–55%) based on either Latino ethnicity and family history alone, or the same factors and their APOE genotype. Risk information is provided in a semi‐structured genetic counseling session. Psychological impacts, health‐related behavioral changes, and cognitive performance are evaluated 6 weeks, 9 months, and 15 months later via surveys and qualitative interviews. To promote cultural competence, study materials were developed by a multidisciplinary team including bilingual and bicultural staff, Latinx content experts, and genetic counselors.RESULTSWe sent invitations to 91,433 households; 5542 (6.1%) responded, 2120 completed the Baseline Survey (78.5% online; 21.5% via computer‐assisted telephone interview), and 2087 were deemed eligible, yielding a response rate of 2.3%. Many participants expressed appreciation for the opportunity to contribute to AD research. We randomized 374 participants for the clinical trial.DISCUSSIONWe describe the study design, recruitment and retention strategies, and interventions employed in the IDEAL Study. Our design provides a framework for future studies using rigorous mixed methods. Our findings may facilitate the development of culturally‐sensitive educational materials about AD and genetic testing, as well as genetic counseling protocols, to improve coping and adjustment in response to receiving risk information.Highlights
The Información de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer para Latinos (IDEAL) Study investigates apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype disclosure among Latinos using mixed methods.
We recruited adults 40–64 years of age without Alzheimer's disease (AD) for a community‐based survey and randomized trial.
Trial participants receives AD risk estimates with or without APOE genotypes.
Psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts are assessed over 15 months.
Findings may inform AD educational materials and genetic counseling protocols.
Outflowing of a high potential vorticity air mass and enhanced convection near South Asia in August 2022
Authors: Takemura Kazuto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn August 2022, high potential vorticity (PV) air masses significantly outflowed near South Asia along the southern periphery of the intensified Tibetan high in the upper troposphere, contributing to enhanced convection near South Asia through intensified thermodynamically unstable conditions. Convective activities near South Asia have relationships with the upper‐level PV and the advection over the region. The upper‐level northward divergent wind anomalies from South Asia due to the enhanced convection cross the Asian jet, contributing to the intensified Tibetan high. This suggests a feedback process between the intensified Tibetan high and enhanced convection near South Asia through the high PV intrusion.
All Mixed Up: Investigating Mortuary Practice and Processes of Disarticulation Through Integrated Histotaphonomic Analysis at the Knowe of Rowiegar, Neolithic Chambered Cairn, Orkney, UK
Authors: Tudor Tierney , Crozier Rebecca , Madgwick Richard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Neolithic site of the Knowe of Rowiegar chambered cairn, Orkney, was excavated in 1937 as part of a campaign that saw the excavation of various chamber cairns on the island of Rousay, Orkney (Davidson & Henshall, 1989). Osteological and isotope research undertaken in recent years has reignited interest in the site. The research presented here focuses on mortuary practices, principally through histotaphonomic analysis. Human remains at Rowiegar were characterised by disarticulation, disorder and fragmentation (Hutchison et al., Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 145, 41–86, 2015), as is commonly observed in Neolithic Orkney. In recent years, histological analysis has become more widely used in reconstructing mortuary treatment. This relies on the degree and nature of bacterial attack, often termed bioerosion, and other modifications to bone microstructure as a proxy for early post-mortem treatment. Histological analysis was undertaken on 13 of the 28 individuals from the Rowiegar site. The results presented diverse patterns of bioerosion in the bone microstructure suggesting different mortuary practices. Furthermore, these results suggest that remains were placed in the chambered cairn at different stages of decomposition, with some individuals buried immediately after death and others likely subject to a more complex, multi-stage mortuary rite. There remains uncertainty about the origins of bacterial bioerosion in bone, and future experimental work may necessitate interpretative revision. However, based on current understanding, the research provides a new perspective on mortuary practice at Rowiegar, evidencing diverse, and sometimes complex, pre-depositional mortuary practices.
Complexity of linearized quadratic penalty for optimization with nonlinear equality constraints
Authors: Bourkhissi Lahcen El , Necoara Ion 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider a nonconvex optimization problem with nonlinear equality constraints. We assume that both, the objective function and the functional constraints, are locally smooth. For solving this problem, we propose a linearized quadratic penalty method, i.e., we linearize the objective function and the functional constraints in the penalty formulation at the current iterate and add a quadratic regularization, thus yielding a subproblem that is easy to solve, and whose solution is the next iterate. Under a new adaptive regularization parameter choice, we provide convergence guarantees for the iterates of this method to an

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

first-order optimal solution in

$${\mathcal {O}}({\epsilon ^{-2.5}})$$

O
(

ϵ

-
2.5

)

iterations. Finally, we show that when the problem data satisfy Kurdyka–Lojasiewicz property, e.g., are semialgebraic, the whole sequence generated by the proposed algorithm converges and we derive improved local convergence rates depending on the KL parameter. We validate the theory and the performance of the proposed algorithm by numerically comparing it with some existing methods from the literature.
Study of Cooling Performance of Liquid-Cooled EV Battery Module According to the TIM Compression Ratio
Authors: Gu Jahun , Kim Heung-Kyu , Jang Siyoul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines the coolant and heat flows in electric vehicle (EV) battery pack that employs a thermal interface material (TIM). The overall temperature distribution of the battery pack that consists of many battery modules is precomputed based on the cooling circuit design, and the battery module that is most strongly influenced by cooling circuit is selected. To investigate the detailed effects of the TIM’s performance, we measure its thermal conductivity based on its compression ratio and consider the detailed shape of the battery cell module for incorporating the TIM’s thermal conductivity in the battery assembly. The TIM, which functions as part of the cooling system within the confined space of the battery cell module, is included in the CFD analysis to assess the effect of thermal conductivity variation resulting from the compression ratio of the TIM on the cooling performance of the battery pack. Various cases of confined spaces in the battery module are compared to optimize the cooling efficiency of the EV battery pack.
Association between cardiovascular risk and diastolic blood pressure in older adults with systolic blood pressure less than 130mmHg: a prospective cohort study from 2014 to 2022
Authors: Hou Jingjing , Zhao Song , Liu Jie , Xi Xiaoxia , Xu Yawei , Shi Shengfeng , Yu Shikai , Zhang Yi ,   on behalf of the Northern Shanghai Study investigators
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guideline lowered the diagnostic threshold for hypertension to a systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) of 130/80 mmHg. However, the predictive value of DBP for cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment diminishes with aging. The study aimed to explore whether the new diagnostic threshold for diastolic hypertension is associated with increased risk of CV organ damage and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in older adults.

Methods
1181 individuals aged 65 years or older with SBP < 130 mmHg were enrolled a prospective cohort study. They were classified into Low (< 70 mmHg), Optimal (70 to < 80 mmHg), and High (80 to < 90 mmHg) DBP groups. Cardiac, vascular, and renal organ damage were measured at baseline. The endpoint of the study was MACEs.

Results
Among 1181 participants (average age 71.9 years, 44.8% men), 172 MACEs were observed during an average follow-up of 6.4 years. We found no significant differences in CV organ damage or MACEs rates (Log-rank P = 0.73) among three groups. In multivariable Cox regression, compared to the Optimal DBP group, no significant increase in CV risk was observed in the Low DBP group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, [95% CI 0.68–1.52], P = 0.93) or the High DBP group (HR 1.04, [95% CI 0.72–1.49], P = 0.85). Propensity score matching showed consistent results.

Conclusion
In older adults with SBP < 130 mmHg, DBP values 80–89 mmHg were not associated with higher risk of CV organ damage, events or mortality.
Was ist neu in der systemischen Behandlung des frühen Mammakarzinoms?
Authors: Trapp Elisabeth Katharina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Mammakarzinom ist weltweit das häufigste Malignom der Frau mit geschätzt 2,3 Mio. Neuerkrankungen und 665.000 Todesfällen im Jahr 2022. Dank eines multimodalen Therapiekonzepts bestehend aus systemischer, operativer und Radiotherapie konnte die Prognose des Mammakarzinoms in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig verbessert werden, wobei die Prognose vom Stadium und Subtyp abhängt. Entsprechend der Tumormolekularbiologie haben sich unter Bestimmung der Steroidhormon- und HER2-Rezeptoren vier prognostisch und therapeutisch relevante Subgruppen etabliert: das „luminal A-like“ Hormonrezeptor-positive frühe Mammakarzinom, welches aufgrund des niedrigen Rezidivrisikos keiner Chemotherapie, wohl aber einer operativen, endokrinen und Radiotherapie bedarf, das „luminal B-like“ Hormonrezeptor-positive Mammakarzinom, welches von allen Therapiebausteinen profitiert, das HER2-positive frühe Mammakarzinom, welches einer Chemotherapie mit zielgerichteter Therapie neben Operation und Radiotherapie bedarf, und das triple-negative Mammakarzinom ohne spezifische Therapietargets, das vor allem durch Systemtherapie in Kombination mit operativer Therapie und adjuvanter Radiotherapie behandelt wird. Um für jede Patientin individuell die Prognose und den absoluten Therapieeffekt verbessern zu können, stützen sich neue Therapiekonzepte auf postneoadjuvante Add-on-Therapien in der Hochrisikosituation und Therapieeinsparung bei Ansprechen auf neoadjuvante Induktionstherapien. Hierbei werden vor allem Substanzen wie CDK4/6- und PARP-Inhibitoren, Immuntherapie und „antibody drug conjugates“ als „Add-ons“ verwendet und in naher Zukunft beim frühen Mammakarzinom Einzug in die Klinik halten.
Sex differences in the association between sarcopenia index and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study from a Chinese community-based population
Authors: Yang Hong , Huang Yunda , Jiang Guihua , Duan Zhiping , Du Runfen , Hao Yinan , Huang Wei , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The sarcopenia index (SI) is a convenient method to screen for sarcopenia, but few studies have analysed whether there are sex differences. The aim of this study was to analyse sex differences in the relationship between SI and sarcopenia in a Chinese community-based population.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included participants from 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The SI was defined as 100 × creatinine / cystatin C. Diagnosis of sarcopenia based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. Logistic regression model, linear regression model, and natural spline model were used to analyze the association between SI and sarcopenia.

Results
A total of 7,118 participants with a mean age of 60.6 ± 10.1 were included, 53.4% females. In males, the prevalence of sarcopenia decreased by 25% for every 10 increase in SI, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) increased by 0.04, odds ratio (OR), β, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.75 (0.65–0.87), 0.04 (0.02–0.05), both P < 0.001. In females, the SI was not significantly associated with sarcopenia, OR and 95% CI were 0.99 (0.9 ~ 1.08), P = 0.775; for every 10 increase in SI, the SMI in females decreased by 0.03, β and 95% CI were -0.03 (-0.04 ~ -0.01), P = 0.001.

Conclusion
In the Chinese community, the SI is negatively associated with sarcopenia in males and has moderate diagnostic test performance. It was not associated with sarcopenia in females, and using the SI to screen for sarcopenia in females may not be a reliable method.
Artificial intelligence at the bench: Legal and ethical challenges of informing—or misinforming—judicial decision-making through generative AI
Authors: Socol de la Osa David Uriel , Remolina Nydia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has gained significant popularity in recent years. It is being integrated into a variety of sectors for its abilities in content creation, design, research, and many other functionalities. The capacity of GenAI to create new content—ranging from realistic images and videos to text and even computer code—has caught the attention of both the industry and the general public. The rise of publicly available platforms that offer these services has also made GenAI systems widely accessible, contributing to their mainstream appeal and dissemination. This article delves into the transformative potential and inherent challenges of incorporating GenAI into the domain of judicial decision-making. The article provides a critical examination of the legal and ethical implications that arise when GenAI is used in judicial rulings and their underlying rationale. While the adoption of this technology holds the promise of increased efficiency in the courtroom and expanded access to justice, it also introduces concerns regarding bias, interpretability, and accountability, thereby potentially undermining judicial discretion, the rule of law, and the safeguarding of rights. Around the world, judiciaries in different jurisdictions are taking different approaches to the use of GenAI in the courtroom. Through case studies of GenAI use by judges in jurisdictions including Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and India, this article maps out the challenges presented by integrating the technology in judicial determinations, and the risks of embracing it without proper guidelines for mitigating potential harms. Finally, this article develops a framework that promotes a more responsible and equitable use of GenAI in the judiciary, ensuring that the technology serves as a tool to protect rights, reduce risks, and ultimately, augment judicial reasoning and access to justice.
The ethics at the intersection of artificial intelligence and transhumanism: a personhood-based approach
Authors: Chimakonam Amara Esther 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I will consider the moral issues that might arise from the possibility of creating more complex and sophisticated autonomous intelligent machines or simply artificial intelligence (AI) that would have the human capacity for moral reasoning, judgment, and decision-making, and (the possibility) of humans enhancing their moral capacities beyond what is considered normal for humanity. These two possibilities raise an urgency for ethical principles that could be used to analyze the moral consequences of the intersection of AI and transhumanism. In this article, I deploy personhood-based relational ethics grounded on Afro-communitarianism as an African ethical framework to evaluate some of the moral problems at the intersection of AI and transhumanism. In doing so, I will propose some Afro-ethical principles for research and policy development in AI and transhumanism.
Signalling and rich trustworthiness in data-driven healthcare: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Goodman Jonathan R. , Milne Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Discussions of the development and governance of data-driven systems have, of late, come to revolve around questions of trust and trustworthiness. However, the connections between them remain relatively understudied and, more importantly, the conditions under which the latter quality of trustworthiness might reliably lead to the placing of ‘well-directed’ trust. In this paper, we argue that this challenge for the creation of ‘rich’ trustworthiness, which we term the Trustworthiness Recognition Problem, can usefully be approached as a problem of effective signalling, and suggest that its resolution can be informed by a multidisciplinary approach that relies on insights from economics and behavioural ecology. We suggest, overall, that the domain specificity inherent to the signalling theory paradigm offers an effective solution to the TRP, which we believe will be foundational to whether and how rapidly improving technologies are integrated in the healthcare space. We suggest that solving the TRP will not be possible without taking an interdisciplinary approach and suggest further avenues of inquiry that we believe will be fruitful.
Assessing design process knowledge in project-based learning: a comparative study in introductory engineering and junior manufacturing courses
Authors: Ejichukwu Emmanuella , Tolbert Smith DeLean , Ayoub Georges 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Project-based learning (PBL) has gained widespread acceptance as a cutting-edge teaching approach in universities, particularly for imparting engineering design skills. PBL allows students to showcase their design skills and put into practice the theoretical concepts acquired through instruction. Throughout the various phases of the design process and project execution, students prepare design artifacts, which serve as tangible indicators of their design skills – an essential competency for engineers. The objective of this research is to evaluate and compare the application of engineering design skills among first-year and third-year engineering students as evidenced by their design artifacts. This comparative analysis aims to pinpoint areas of strength and opportunities for growth, thereby offering a holistic view of student development in design proficiency throughout their undergraduate education. Employing a standardized rubric to evaluate these artifacts allows for an unbiased assessment of the students’ design process acumen. The findings offer insights into the design skill proficiency of two student groups at different points in the design process. It is imperative for engineering educators to strategically highlight every aspect of the design process within PBL, ensuring the comprehensive development of design competencies.