bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I Didn’t Know Where To Go”: An Examination of Stop It Now!’s Sexual Abuse Prevention Helpline
Authors: Grant Billie-Jo , Shields Ryan T. , Tabachnick Joan , Coleman Jenny 
Published: September 2019

This study examines data from Stop It Now!’s Helpline in the United States primarily over a 5-year, 3-month period and offers insights into the needs of individuals and families confronting issues related to child sexual abuse (CSA). Stop It Now!’s Helpline serves the global community by providing support, information, and guidance to those in need, such as helping to identify and respond to warning signs of sexually abusive behaviors in adults, adolescents, or children. More than 7,000 ( N = 7,122) nonidentifiable user records are the subject of this inquiry and reflect individuals who contacted the Helpline between December 1, 2012, and March 7, 2018. The article also places this analysis in a larger context through an overview that includes total user count of this service since its inception in 1995 ( N = 21,030). Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of Helpline users identified as bystanders, family members, or friends/acquaintances of an individual at risk to abuse. The majority of users knew both the person at risk to abuse (adult or youth) and the child at risk of being abused. Twelve percent of users had questions or concerns about their own feelings and/or behaviors that were or could be putting a child at risk of sexual abuse. Chi-square tests examined the relationship between Helpline contact type, level of assessment, and gender. Findings provide insights into this hidden population of individuals at risk to abuse, those who have abused, as well as their friends and families who are seeking support. Study findings also reinforce the importance of CSA prevention helplines that focus on reducing the isolation and secrecy that creates conditions which make children more vulnerable to abuse. Implications for future research and prevention programming are also discussed.
Effects of Accumulated Short Bouts of Exercise on Weight and Obesity Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Heontae , Reece Joel , Kang Minsoo 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To compile and quantify the effectiveness of accumulated short-bout exercise interventions on reducing the obesity indices in adults using meta-analysis. Data Source: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and SportDiscus. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: (1) Description of a short-bout exercise trial (<30 minutes); (2) obesity indices must be measured pre- and postintervention; and (3) only adults and published in English. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies included. Of 3257 articles retrieved, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the Downs and Black checklist, the methodological quality of the included studies was fairly robust. Data Synthesis: Pooled effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results: Average intervention length was approximately 16 weeks (ranged from 4 to 72 weeks). All weighted mean ES values for each obesity index measure were non-negative, ranging from small to large (ES = 0.33-0.96) in magnitude. Weighted mean ES for body mass (BM; n = 18; ES = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22-0.80), body mass index (BMI; n = 13; ES = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.24-0.97), waist circumference (n = 9; ES = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.15-0.73), body fat percentage (BF%; n = 8; ES = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.09-0.58), skinfold (n = 7; ES = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.39 -1.53), and fat mass (FM; n = 6; ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.21-0.90) were statistically significant. Moderator effects of intervention length (weeks) were observed for BM (Qbetween [Cochran’s Q: a measure of heterogeneity between studies] = 6.83, P < .05); BMI (Qbetween = 13.93, P < .05); and FM (Qbetween = 10.41, P < .05). Intervention length >10 weeks was more effective than shorter (≤10) intervention period for reducing BM, BMI, and FM. Conclusion: Accumulated short bouts of exercise have a beneficial effect on reducing the obesity indices among adults. The current study can help health researchers and practitioners in designing their intervention programs, which can be applied within schools, clinics, and communities.
The Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy: A Retrospective Study of Nivolumab Adverse Events
Authors: Menz Bradley D. , Johnson Jacinta L. , Gillard Davina F. , Chong William , Ward Michael B. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an emerging treatment in cancer therapy for prolonging life, minimizing symptoms, and selectively targeting cancer. Program death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as nivolumab, fall within this class, enabling the patient’s immune system to detect and destroy cancer. The introduction of ICIs is changing cancer therapy, with new drugs and new toxicities—an evolving area encountered by pharmacists. Objective: This study aims to compare the pattern of nivolumab-induced adverse events observed in practice, when compared with clinical trial and literature data. The secondary aim of the study is to identify the presentation and treatment modalities initiated in practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective case note review across 2 South Australian hospitals to identify the common toxicities and symptomatic treatments experienced by patients receiving nivolumab. Results were compared with clinical trial data from product innovator Bristol-Myer Squib and other published literature. Results: Seventy patients were included in the study; of these, 60 (86%) experienced any grade adverse event(s). A total of 59 (84%) of 70 experienced mild to moderate grade 1 to grade 2 adverse events and 10 (14%) of 70 patients experienced severe grade 3 to grade 4 adverse events, displaying some consistencies with clinical trial and published literature data. Together, the prevalence of adverse events with details on presentation and treatments illustrates possible pharmacy practice strategies and areas for intervention. Conclusions: The listed prevalence of adverse events and practice strategies identified throughout this study highlights how pharmacists may assist in the identification of predictable ICI toxicities associated with gastrointestinal, endocrine, dermatological toxicities, and fatigue.
Comparison of Complication and Reoperation Rates for Minimally Invasive Versus Open Cheilectomy of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Stevens Richard , Bursnall Matthew , Chadwick Carolyn , Davies Howard , Flowers Mark , Blundell Christopher , Davies Mark 
Published: September 2019

Background: Dorsal cheilectomy of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is an accepted treatment to alleviate dorsal impingement, pain, and reduced dorsiflexion in hallux rigidus. Traditionally performed via an open incision, this procedure has more recently been performed using minimally invasive techniques despite limited supportive published evidence. Methods: From December 2012 through December 2017, a retrospective analysis of all cheilectomies performed in our institution was done. The surgical technique was recorded along with any subsequent procedures performed for either persistent or recurrent pain, and complications were also noted. A comparison between open and minimally invasive outcomes was performed. In total, 171 cheilectomies were performed during this period. There were 38 open and 133 minimally invasive procedures. Results: At a mean 3-year follow-up, the reoperation rates of the 2 groups were different with only 1 (2.6%) of the open group requiring a fusion, while 17 (12.8%) of the minimally invasive surgical (MIS) group required further surgery (relative risk, 4.86; P = .059). In the open group, there was 1 (2.6%) complication, compared with 15 (11.3%) in the minimally invasive group (relative risk, 4.29; P = .076). Conclusion: While patients may opt for MIS cheilectomy with a proposed faster recovery time and better cosmesis, they should be counseled about the risks and benefits of both methods, and that the technique of MIS cheilectomy utilized in this study appears to have an increased relative risk of requiring a further procedure. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Development of a Small Animal Ankle Arthrodesis Model
Authors: Kadakia Rishin J. , Devereaux Emily J. , Ahn Hyunhee , Traub Brian C. , Kephart Donald , Willett Nick J. , Bariteau Jason T. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Our understanding of the biology of ankle arthrodesis is based largely on work in spine and long bone animal models. However, the local soft tissue and vascular anatomy of the foot and ankle is different from that of the spine. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to develop a small animal ankle arthrodesis model. Methods: A total of 12 Lewis rats successfully underwent ankle arthrodesis with stabilization consisting of a single Kirschner wire across the prepared tibiotalar joint. Based on high nonunion rates with this initial procedure, a modification was made consisting of a second pin crossing the joint. A total of 6 rats underwent the second procedure. Radiographs were taken postoperatively and in 2-week intervals up to 10 weeks. Micro computed tomography (µCT) and histological analysis was conducted at 10 weeks to assess the fusion mass. Osseous bridging of greater than 50% across the tibiotalar joint was deemed a successful fusion. Results: µCT analysis determined that 11 of the 12 rats in the single-pin cohort developed nonunions (8.3% fusion rate). In the dual-pin cohort, all 6 animals successfully fused (100% fusion rate). Histological analysis supported the radiographic imaging conclusions. Conclusion: While the initial procedure had a high nonunion rate, enhancing the stability of the fixation greatly increased the union rate. Clinical Relevance: The present work demonstrates the first reliable small animal ankle arthrodesis model. We believe that this model can be used in the development of novel therapies aimed at decreasing complications and increasing fusion rates.
Evaluation of acquired punctal stenosis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Abdelrahman Raafat Mohyeldeen , AttaAllah Heba Radi , Abdelghany Ahmed A , Alio Jorge L 
Published: September 2019

Background/objectives: The aim of this article was to study the lower punctum parameters in patients with acquired punctal stenosis using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Subjects/methods: This was a prospective nonrandomized study that included two groups. Group 1 was composed of 32 puncta from 32 subjects (11 males and 21 females, aged 40–62 years) with epiphora and clinically diagnosed punctal stenosis. Group 2 (control group) included 30 puncta from 30 normal subjects (10 males and 20 females, aged 43–63 years). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was employed to evaluate lower punctum parameters in all subjects; the inner and outer punctal diameters as well as punctal depth were measured. Results: External punctal diameter (mean: 466.1 ± 120.3 μm), internal punctal diameter (mean: 173.4 ± 55.6 μm) and punctal depth (mean: 188.4 ± 67 μm) values in Group 1 were statistically significantly lower than those in Group 2 (mean: 745.7 ± 156.9 μm, mean: 384 ± 119.1 μm, and mean: 284.9 ± 57.7 μm, respectively). Conclusion: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography could possibly be used as a noncontact and noninvasive diagnostic modality for evaluating and measuring the lower punctum in patients with punctal stenosis. Further research is required to develop a normative database and grading system for stenosed puncta and to correlate the degree of stenosis with the severity of epiphora.
Comorbidities are prevalent and detrimental for employment outcomes in people of working age with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Jing , Taylor Bruce , Winzenberg Tania , Palmer Andrew J , Kirk-Brown Andrea , van Dijk Pieter , Simpson Steve , Blizzard Leigh , van der Mei Ingrid 
Published: September 2019

Background: More work is needed to understand the burden of comorbidities in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To assess prevalence of 30 comorbidities and impacts of comorbidities on employment outcomes in a working-aged MS cohort. Methods: Participants were from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study ( n = 929). Information on specific comorbidity was obtained (whether or not each was present, doctor-diagnosed, limited their activities and being treated). Results: Comorbidities most frequently reported to limit activities were osteoarthritis (51%), migraines (40%), anxiety (33%), depression (29%) and allergies (18%). Mean MS-related work productivity loss in past 4 weeks was 1.3 days for those without comorbidities and 2.5 days for those with any comorbidity. The annual population costs of work productivity loss were highest for people with depression, allergies, anxiety, migraines and osteoarthritis. Higher number of comorbidities was associated with more work productivity loss and a higher likelihood of not working. These associations were substantially reduced after adjustment for MS symptom severity. Conclusions: Comorbidities substantially impact employment outcomes and these effects were mainly mediated through MS symptom severity. This suggests that optimal and simultaneous management of comorbidities may be a viable strategy to reduce MS symptom severity, which in turn could improve employment outcomes.
Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: Langer-Gould Annette , Black Lucinda J , Waubant Emmanuelle , Smith Jessica B , Wu Jun , Gonzales Edlin G , Shao Xiaorong , Koebnick Corinna , Lucas Robyn M , Xiang Anny , Barcellos Lisa F 
Published: September 2019

Background: The role of omega-3 fatty acid in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is unclear. Objective: To determine whether fish/seafood intake or genetic factors that regulate omega-3 fatty acids levels are associated with MS risk. Methods: We examined the association of fish and shrimp consumption and 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1, FADS2, and ELOV2 with risk of MS in 1153 individuals from the MS Sunshine Study, a case-control study of incident MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), recruited from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Results: Consuming fish/seafood at least once a week or at least once a month with regular fish oil use was associated with 44% reduced odds of MS/CIS (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.41–0.76; p = 0.0002) compared with consuming fish/seafood less than once a month and no fish oil supplementation. Two FADS2 SNPs (rs174611 and rs174618) were independently associated with a lower risk of MS (adjusted ORs = 0.74, 0.79, p = 0.0056, 0.0090, respectively). Association of FADS2 SNPs with MS risk was confirmed in an independent dataset. Conclusion: These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acid intake may be an important modifiable risk factor for MS. This is consistent with the other known health benefits of fish consumption and complementary genetic studies supporting a key role for omega-3 regulation.
Online teletherapy for chronic pain: A systematic review
Authors: Mariano Timothy Y , Wan Limeng , Edwards Robert R , Jamison Robert N 
Published: September 2019

Objective A systematic review designed to evaluate the benefits of remote group pain management for persons with chronic pain was performed. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases were searched in April 2019. Eligible studies evaluated teletherapy for chronic pain based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently screened eligible studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Each study design was rated and study quality was assessed using an 11-point scale of methodological quality. Results Comprehensive searches identified 12 studies that met all inclusion/exclusion criteria and each study was assessed for type of technology, study design, outcome measures, study findings and limitations. No published studies investigated synchronous teletherapy for groups of chronic pain patients. Methods of assessment varied considerably across studies. Strength of evidence was moderate and many of the selected studies had issues with treatment compliance/adherence and selection bias. Teletherapy strategies for persons with chronic pain were shown to improve pain, mood, disability and catastrophising, however half of the studies selected did not meet the criteria for acceptable standards for internal validity. Those trials with limited therapist involvement appeared to be less beneficial and tended to report lower adherence than those which had higher levels of therapist guidance or peer support. Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that teletherapy and remote online cognitive behavioural therapy strategies can be effective in improving quality of life among persons with chronic pain, although the overall quality of evidence is moderate. Controlled trials are needed to assess live remote teletherapy for chronic pain.
Family carers’ experiences of nutritional care for people living with dementia at home: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Mole Louise , Kent Bridie , Abbott Rebecca , Hickson Mary 
Published: September 2019

Objectives Few studies have captured the experiences of family carers who manage the nutritional needs of family members living with dementia at home. The identification and management of symptoms that may affect nutritional status is often reliant upon the family carer. This interpretative phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of the nutritional care of people living with dementia at home from the perspectives of the family members who support them. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2017 and February 2018. Participants were also asked to keep a diary of experiences for two weeks before the interview. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was used throughout. Findings: Eight participants, with a mean age of 69.6 years residing in South West England were recruited and represented a range of familial roles. Following analysis, three superordinate themes were identified: ‘becoming carer and cook’, ‘changing role and relationships’ and ‘emotional eating’. Conclusion Family carers make food and drink decisions daily, and feel a duty to take on the responsibility for food shopping and cooking. They are conscious about ‘doing the right thing’ when it comes to providing nutritional care, and some feel uncertain about the food choices they are making, particularly regarding a reliance on convenience foods. Changes in appetite, food preferences and mealtime habits related to dementia can lead to disruption affecting the dyad. It is important that family carers and people living at home with dementia are provided with adequate support regarding identifying nutritional risks, making appropriate food and drink choices and preventing the risk of malnutrition in the dyad.
GSTT1 Null Genotype and Susceptibility to Children Acute Leukemia in Chinese Population: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma De-qiang 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Increasing number of studies has focused on studying the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism and children acute leukemia, among which discrepancies have risen. The aim of this study is to provide a more exact assessment of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism and children acute leukemia among certain Chinese population. Methods: Studies were identified using PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biology Medicine from beginning to July 2018. The strength of association was quantified by pooling odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using fixed-effect or random-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Results: Overall, a positive relationship was found in null genotype of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism on the risk of childhood acute leukemia among all Chinese populations (odds ratios: 1.52; 95% confidence intervals = 1.19-1.94). Similarly, consistent results were found in subgroup of Southern China (odds ratios: 1.48; 95% confidence intervals: 1.08-2.02), Northern China (odds ratios: 1.59; 95% confidence intervals: 1.09-2.33), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratios: 1.61; 95% confidence intervals: 1.19-2.17), “age > 18 years” (odds ratios: 1.59; 95% confidence intervals: 1.09-2.33), “age < 18 years” (odds ratios: 1.48; 95% confidence intervals: 1.08-2.02), and population-based studies (odds ratios: 1.60; 95% confidence intervals: 1.16-2.20). Conclusions: Collectively, finding from the current study indicated that GSTT1 null polymorphism may be susceptible on childhood acute leukemia among Chinese.
The Evolution of Endovascular Management of Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Cornwall James W. , Png Maximilian C. Y. , Tadros Rami O. , Han Daniel K. , Marin Michael L. , Faries Peter L. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms (ECCAs) are rare pathologies with various etiologies, presentations, and management strategies. Historically, open aneurysm resection and arterial repair have been the gold standard management of ECCAs. Our study examines the evolving experience with endovascular management of ECCAs. Methods: We performed a literature review of multiple studies on endovascular and open management of carotid artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. Conclusions: Endovascular stenting is technically feasible and clinically effective for the treatment of carotid artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. Further follow-up is required regarding long-term safety and efficacy.
Treatment of true posterior communicating artery aneurysms: Endovascular experience in a single center
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhang Ying , Li Wenqiang , Wang Kun , Zhang Yisen , Yang Xinjian 
Published: September 2019

Background and objective The true posterior communicating artery (TPCoA) aneurysms are rare and endovascular treatment for such lesions is limited in literature. Methods From January 2012 to March 2017, eight TPCoA aneurysms were treated endovascularly and included in our present study. The procedural complication and outcomes were assessed. Results Seven of eight aneurysms (87.5%) were ruptured. Stent-assisted coiling was used in one case that a stent was deployed via PCoA-ipsilateral P2 segment. The dual-microcatheter technique was used in one case. The remaining six cases were treated by coiling alone. One patient (12.5%) suffered perioperative complication, of which a coil herniated into parent vessel during the procedure without symptomatic stroke or other adverse event after the procedure. The initial embolization results showed complete occlusion in five cases and residual neck in three. Six patients (75%) had a mean of 15-month angiographic follow-up and two of them revealed recurrence (33.3%). Clinical follow-up was available in seven patients (87.5%) and all patients showed favorable clinical outcome with mRS score 0. Conclusion TPCoA aneurysms are rare and challenging lesions with high rupture rate in literatures. Endovascular treatment may be a feasible alternative for TPCoA aneurysms. Primary coiling, as well as adjunctive strategies, such as stent-assisted coiling or dual catheter techniques may be considered. Further study in a larger population is necessary.