bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
David and Goliath? Small Developing Countries, Large Emerging Markets, and South-South Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Donno Daniela , Rudra Nita 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Has the rise of large emerging economies influenced the foreign economic policies of smaller nations? Many of the BRICS' (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) dominance in export markets for low-skilled goods pose a particular challenge for “surplus-labor” countries characterized by large populations of unskilled and underemployed labor. We theorize the incentives of firms and governments in surplus-labor countries to form South-South preferential trade agreements (SSPTAs) as a means of diversifying and expanding trade relationships in the face of this challenge. Of all the BRICS, our findings show that China poses the greatest challenge; the countries forming the most South-South agreements are those whose exports have been most displaced by China. We verify this pattern using both systemic and country-specific measures of the China “shock.” Imports from China, in contrast, have no significant effect on SSPTA formation. Our account, which helps resolve the dual puzzle of declining trade with rich countries and the proliferation of SSPTAs in recent decades, underlines the implications of China's rise on the developing world.
The Kalobeyei Settlement: A Self-reliance Model for Refugees?
Authors: Betts Alexander , Omata Naohiko , Sterck Olivier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 2016, the Kalobeyei refugee settlement was created, just 3.5 kilometres from the Kakuma camps in Kenya. In a departure from Kenya’s policy of not allowing refugees to work, its aim was to provide self-reliance to refugees and greater refugee–host interaction. But are refugee policies and programmes in Kalobeyei really different from those in Kakuma? If so, what are the differences? And do these differences actually translate into different self-reliance outcomes for refugees? Drawing upon a mixed-methods approach, we compare aid models, self-reliance enabling factors and self-reliance outcomes between Kalobeyei and Kakuma. After just 15 months, we find that self-reliance-enabling factors—such the environment, assets, networks, markets and public goods—remain similar across both sites and, in some cases, are better in Kakuma. The major differences between the sites are in the aid model: Kalobeyei’s cash-assistance and agricultural programmes. We find improved nutritional outcomes and a greater perception of autonomy in Kalobeyei, both of which may be attributable to differences in the aid models. These findings have implications for how we conceptualize the institutional design of self-reliance in Kalobeyei and elsewhere.
Information Spotlighting in Americans’ Decisions Surrounding Refugee Resettlement Policy
Authors: Garinther Alexander , Mayorga Marcus , Västfjäll Daniel , Slovic Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractViolent conflict in the Middle East has forced millions to flee their homes and seek refuge in host nations around the globe. Across three studies, we asked American participants (N ∼ 1,500) to consider a refugee-resettlement policy that would bring displaced families from the Middle East into their communities, and tracked the items of information these Americans were interested in seeing during the consideration of their decision. Results suggest that participants who rejected the resettlement policy were especially concerned with security-related information and uninterested in humanitarian-related information, while participants who supported the policy expressed interest in a more balanced ratio of security and humanitarian-related information. We situate these findings within the broader literature on attitude-confirming behaviour (e.g. conformation bias, selective exposure) and discuss how information spotlighting might exacerbate polarization on politically charged issues like refugee policy.
Governing Commercial Access to Health Data for Public Benefit: Charity Law Solutions
Authors: Bell Jessica L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that supports the view that research participants and the public are concerned about commercial access to health data. Evidence also suggests that attitudes are ameliorated when charity organisations are involved and where research promises to deliver ‘public benefit’. To a significant extent, therefore, mechanisms that ensure the public benefit are key to sustaining public and participant support for research access to health data. As a regime founded on the concept of public benefit, charity law provides regulatory and governance mechanisms through which the public benefit of a charity is protected and promoted. This article examines the merits of charity law mechanisms and analyses their significance for governance of commercial access to health data for public benefit, using UK Biobank Ltd, a charitable company limited by guarantee, as an example. The article critically analyses three charity law mechanisms that operate to ensure that an organization providing access to data meets its public benefit requirements: charitable purposes; members’ and directors’ powers and duties; and accountability via the oversight powers of the Charity Commission and charity proceedings in court. The article concludes that there is potential for the charity model to be the benchmark for governing commercial access to health data for public benefit research, but notes the limitations of the model and recommends the appointment of independent data governance committees to further bolster the charity law framework.
The lowest detected stellar Fe abundance: the halo star SMSS J160540.18−144323.1
Authors: Nordlander T , Bessell M S , Da Costa G S , Mackey A D , Asplund M , Casey A R , Chiti A , Ezzeddine R , Frebel A , Lind K , Marino A F , Murphy S J , Norris J E , Schmidt B P , Yong D 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of SMSS J160540.18−144323.1, a new ultra metal-poor halo star discovered with the SkyMapper telescope. We measure $\left[\rm {Fe}/\rm {H}\right]= -6.2 \pm 0.2$ (1D LTE), the lowest ever detected abundance of iron in a star. The star is strongly carbon-enhanced, $\left[\rm {C}/\rm {Fe}\right] = 3.9 \pm 0.2$, while other abundances are compatible with an α-enhanced solar-like pattern with $\left[\rm {Ca}/\rm {Fe}\right] = 0.4 \pm 0.2$, $\left[\rm {Mg}/\rm {Fe}\right] = 0.6 \pm 0.2$, $\left[\rm {Ti}/\rm {Fe}\right] = 0.8 \pm 0.2$, and no significant s- or r-process enrichment, $\left[\rm {Sr}/\rm {Fe}\right] \lt 0.2$ and $\left[\rm {Ba}/\rm {Fe}\right] \lt 1.0$ (3σ limits). Population III stars exploding as fallback supernovae may explain both the strong carbon enhancement and the apparent lack of enhancement of odd-Z and neutron-capture element abundances. Grids of supernova models computed for metal-free progenitor stars yield good matches for stars of about $10\, \rm M_\odot$ imparting a low kinetic energy on the supernova ejecta, while models for stars more massive than roughly $20\, \rm M_\odot$ are incompatible with the observed abundance pattern.
The House of Sciences
Authors: Ihsanoglu Ekmeleddin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book examines the process of founding a Western institution, namely a university, in the Ottoman Empire, a cultural environment wholly different from its place of origin in Western Europe. This study sheds new light on an important and pioneering experiment involving both Islamic and Western cultures. It tracks the multifaceted transformation at work in İstanbul during the transition from classical to modern modes of scientific education. As well as explaining the origins of the Darülfünun and the motivations for its founding, this study also highlights the impact of the Ottoman University outside the Ottoman domain. To put this study in the right perspective, concise introductory information is given regarding the origin of the university in Europe, the modernization of the university in the nineteenth century, and the diffusion of the university as an institution of higher education outside Europe, specifically to the Muslim world.
Genesis, Development, and Closure of the Darülfünun
Authors: İhsanoğlu Ekmeleddİn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Part I explains the emergence of the educational tradition and the idea of a darülfünun [House of Sciences]. There had been several attempts to build a university, and each attempt had failed for different reasons. Part I discusses the socioeconomic reasons of such attempts and their failures. As far as education was concerned, the Ottomans inherited the academic institutions and traditions that had proliferated under the rule of their political predecessors, the Seljuk Turks (1037–1194). These charitably funded centers of learning had been in continuous existence since the founding of the Ottoman Empire until its end in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Until the nineteenth century, the Ottomans continued to seek answers to their most pressing intellectual and practical problems from within Islamic culture and its institutions of learning. It was only after the Ottoman government was compelled to face the political advance of Europe that Ottoman administrators turned their attention westward for scientific and pedagogical inspiration.
On Pain and the Origin of Language
Authors: Ferber Ilit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The first chapter raises objections to two commonplace paradigms about the relationship between language and pain: first, the idea that the radically isolating character of pain makes it uncommunicable—and thus unsharable with others; and second, that because pain has such an effect on humans’ capacity for communicating it, it also shatters language altogether and becomes destructive to their linguistic capacities. Language Pangs challenges these conceptions and proposes a reconsideration of the relationship between pain and language in terms of an essential interconnectedness rather than the common exclusive opposition. The twofold premise of the chapter is that the experience of pain cannot be penetrated without consideration of its inherent relation to language, and that the nature of language essentially depends on an understanding of its inherent relationship with pain. The chapter presents two of the book’s two main figures, Herder and Philoctetes, showing how they are relevant to one another and to the book’s overall argument.
Language and Hearing
Authors: Ferber Ilit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides a close reading of Heidegger’s “On the Essence of Language: The Metaphysics of Language and the Essencing of the Word” (1939), a seminar on Herder’s Treatise. From Heidegger’s obscure preparatory notes to the seminar (as well as his students’ notes), the chapter reconstructs his interpretation of Herder, focusing on the sense of hearing and its importance to language. This chapter not only discusses a text rarely considered in the literature about Herder but also points out what seems to be Herder’s profound influence on Heidegger’s later ideas. Along with hearing, another central topic is the exploration of the relationship between the internal and external which Heidegger discusses, following Herder, in terms of what he calls “the crossing-over,” a unique space between inside and outside, sounds and silence. This is the space in which, according to Heidegger, language and hearing reside.
Pain, Expression, and Sympathy
Authors: Ferber Ilit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 provides a discussion of one scene in Sophocles’ play: Philoctetes’ pain attack in light of Herder’s theory of the origin of language. The interpretation focuses on Philoctetes’ cries of pain and how they constitute the possibility of sympathy for the pain of the other. The problem of the possibility, or impossibility, of sympathy conjures Stanley Cavell’s notion of “acknowledgment.” The chapter turns to Cavell as a philosopher who brings the problem of pain together with that of language and sympathy, using the implications of skepticism to put forth his own approach to the possibility, or impossibility, of knowing the other’s pain. It ends with a discussion of André Gide’s Philoctetes and with Werner Hamacher’s philosophy of language.
Language Pangs
Authors: Ferber Ilit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 revisits the book’s main issue: the relationship between pain and language. It returns to the two paradigms about pain and offers a third. The first paradigm considers the destructive nature of pain and the violence it inflicts on body, psyche, and sense of self. The second deals with the separation that pain creates between those in pain and those witnessing it, destroying the possibility of a relationship with others. This chapter glances back on Herder, Heidegger, and Sophocles thereby offering a third paradigm arguing that the relationship between language and pain is not exhausted by these functions and demands a different outlook. It concludes that pain is not the end or demise of humanity and language but indicates, rather, their common origin.
This Is My Last Shot
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Participants were asked to recall their final year of teaching, when they knew they would be leaving, and to describe how it affected their job performance. Some claimed there was no measurable difference in their last year, but for most their last year in academia was special. Some participants articulated a sense of relief: their work had come to a natural end, and now they were happy to pass the torch. With The Next Chapter approaching, many participants looked forward to a relaxed transition and to calmer days. The desire to “go out strong” was a popular response. This chapter describes how professors approaching The Next Chapter were resolute that their final year would be their best ever. They were fired up, and in turn ignited their students.
Old Folks Boogie
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter explores how retirement provides an opportunity to appreciate what gives us meaning and adds to the value of our experiences. The study participants were asked to describe how their current stage of lifespan development affects their life today. Topics include a time for reflection and integration; physical limitations; and aging positives. The author proposes that as we make the transition from our role as a social work educator into The Next Chapter, we shift our focus from living life for a purpose (satisfying the requirements set forth by others) to searching for life’s meaning (satisfying our own internal needs by replacing “have to” with “want to” activities).
Twinkle in Their Eyes
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter answers the question: “What do people do after they leave the academy?” Participants were asked what they were doing now that they did not have the time or inclination to do before. Their responses will provide knowledge, comfort, and a glimpse of hope for the future. As participants described their post-academia life, their facial expressions and gestures became animated. They had a twinkle in their eye. They seemed at peace and happy; they were having fun beyond traditional work. Responses to the question “What are you doing now that you are no longer a professor?” can be broken down into five categories: freedom/life control; positive changes in human relationships; a greater appreciation of life; new and renewed ambitions and activities; and a description of the “daily putter.”
The Future of Social Work Education
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Former social work educators, and social work educators standing on the threshold of The Next Chapter, have wisdom to share regarding the future of social work education. We must pay attention to their ideas; our profession is at stake. Topics covered in this chapter include doctoral preparation (with the growth of social work education programs in the United States and a large wave of social work educators retiring, attracting well-prepared new faculty has never been greater); online concerns (most study participants were reluctant to give online programs a ringing endorsement); and the need for increased content on aging (as baby boomers progress through their lifespan, and as life expectancy increases with medical advances, the number of older adults requiring social services will continue to rise).
1 to 5, with an Explanation
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Study participants were asked if they would be willing to live their lives as social work educators again. Eighty-five percent responded that they definitely would. This chapter delineates the reasons for such a positive response, but also gives voice to the few who had negative reflections. Positive comments included the opportunity to follow one’s passion (they were able to answer a calling); having a positive impact on students (the most popular response); and collegial benefits (working with colleagues who share your values. But a few indicated that, if given the opportunity to relive their lives, they would have chosen other professions, such as becoming a fishing guide.
The Paradox of Nonexistence
Authors: Yourgrau Palle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paradox of nonexistence, bequeathed us by Parmenides, is introduced: how can there be something that fails to exist if there’s nothing “there” to not exist? This is a paradox since, intuitively, many things do in fact fail to exist—for example, creatures of fiction or myth, impossible objects like the round square, past objects like the dead, and so on. Bertrand Russell’s proposed solution in 1902 is explained, suggesting we distinguish existence from “being,” where being is taken to belong to everything we can think of, existent or not. This distinction, or something like it, is then seen to be echoed by a number of philosophers, historical and contemporaneous, though not always in the context of attempting to resolve the paradox of nonexistence.
The Predicate of Existence
Authors: Yourgrau Palle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Kant famously declared that existence is not a (real) predicate. This famous dictum has been seen as echoed in the doctrine of the founders of modern logic, Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, that existence isn’t a first-order property possessed by individuals, but rather a second-order property expressed by the existential quantifier. Russell in 1905 combined this doctrine with his new theory of descriptions and declared the paradox of nonexistence to be resolved without resorting to his earlier distinction between existence and being. In recent years, however, logicians and philosophers like Saul Kripke, David Kaplan, and Nathan Salmon have argued that there is no defensible reason to deny that existence is a property of individuals. Kant’s dictum has also been re-evaluated, the result being that the paradox of nonexistence has not, after all, disappeared. Yet it’s not clear how exactly Kripke et al. propose to resolve the paradox.
Where You Go When You’re Dead
Authors: Yourgrau Palle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Where do you go when you’re dead, when you leave this world? The dead, like the unborn and the living, are possible persons. To be possible, arguably, means to exist in some possible world. It’s tempting, therefore, to assume that when you die, you simply “travel” to another possible world. The temptation, however, should be resisted. There is no travel between possible worlds. What happens in one possible world has no effect on what happens in another. And the same is true of coming to exist. You don’t enter this world by traveling from another one. How you get to this world depends on the type of object in question. Buildings are “born” by being built. People are born (usually) via sexual intercourse. These ordinary facts need to be understood from an ontological point of view. Just as you don’t enter this world from another, when you leave it, you don’t go to another.
Time and Existence
Authors: Yourgrau Palle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The nonexistence of the dead is a consequence of the fact that people are objects in time, and something’s position in time determines whether or not it exists. This is known as presentism. Objects like the dead, which belong exclusively to the past, are nonexistent. At least, this is true of time in the intuitive sense. Relativity theory, however, appears to contradict intuitive time, as was argued by Gödel. A defense is offered of Gödel’s argument, based on how Einstein himself understood special relativity, but arguments are also considered which reject the conventional understanding of relativity. Quantum mechanics also conflicts, here, with relativity. The conclusion is that there appears to be no decisive reason to reject intuitive time based on the inconclusive and divided deliverances of physical science, and thus no decisive reason to reject the view that the dead are nonexistent.
“Wasn’t it golden?”
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how we construct ideas of home and homeliness in various ways within diverse memory narratives. Apart from oral history testimonies, the chapter focuses on visual art, literature, and the cinema of partition. The chapter examines the many meanings that the concept of home has in people’s memory. It looks at the powerful emotional connection that people experience and preserve in their memories of the lost home. Analyzing these meanings and emotions, the chapter goes on to make the case that the memories of the lost home, and the ways in which these memories become part of one’s life-narrative can be a powerful force in transcending and undermining national borders and statist narratives of history.
The Underground Cultural Ecology
Authors: Hagen Trever 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 gives an overview of the music in “Merry Ghetto,” the Underground’s assembled cultural ecology, before moving on to discuss memory in post-socialist Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. I continue by examining associations between music and social activity in context: namely revolutions, memory, and popular music in the former Eastern bloc. The chapter critiques and draws on insights from literature of popular music studies and sociology of music to construct an approach to studying music as a social activity that is grounded in events, peoples, places, and their relations. These are the mechanisms of how music takes on meaning and provides empowering affordances. I analyze these questions using perspectives developed in music sociology and music therapy in order to understand the interactive piece-by-piece assembly of groups, bodies, and consciousness—and thus social power and agency—showing what is possible, what can be accomplished through and with music.
Human Rights, Prison, and Amplifiers
Authors: Hagen Trever 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dance of non-politics during communism was taken into account in its most public form in Charter 77. This chapter begins with the Second Festival of the Second Culture in 1976 and takes us until the early 1980s showing the relationship between dissidents associated with Charta 77 and Undergrounders. The assembly and framing of the relationship between establishment, self, and music in the Underground during the first part of the 1970s provided an entrance point that paired the Underground and the Czechoslovak dissident opposition. I problematize notions of resistance as tied to dissent and protest by taking a critical approach to the paradigm of protest music. The chapter seeks to show how music helps sort out and align groups of people.