bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal communication and language origins: integrating gestures and vocalizations
Authors: Fröhlich Marlen , Sievers Christine , Townsend Simon W. , Gruber Thibaud , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe presence of divergent and independent research traditions in the gestural and vocal domains of primate communication has resulted in major discrepancies in the definition and operationalization of cognitive concepts. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence from behavioural and neurobiological research has shown that both human and non‐human primate communication is inherently multimodal. It is therefore timely to integrate the study of gestural and vocal communication. Herein, we review evidence demonstrating that there is no clear difference between primate gestures and vocalizations in the extent to which they show evidence for the presence of key language properties: intentionality, reference, iconicity and turn‐taking. We also find high overlap in the neurobiological mechanisms producing primate gestures and vocalizations, as well as in ontogenetic flexibility. These findings confirm that human language had multimodal origins. Nonetheless, we note that in great apes, gestures seem to fulfil a carrying (i.e. predominantly informative) role in close‐range communication, whereas the opposite holds for face‐to‐face interactions of humans. This suggests an evolutionary shift in the carrying role from the gestural to the vocal stream, and we explore this transition in the carrying modality. Finally, we suggest that future studies should focus on the links between complex communication, sociality and cooperative tendency to strengthen the study of language origins.
Fuleco™ revisited: Football, conservation and lessons learned from the 2014 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Bernard Enrico , Melo Felipe P. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn 2014, Brazil hosted the FIFA World Cup (FWC), whose mascot was the Brazilian Three‐banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus). In an article published in Biotropica in June 2014, we provocatively called out the Brazilian government for failing to live up to the environmental commitments made in its World Cup bid, and proposed that they should preserve 1,000 ha of the armadillo's habitat for every goal scored. At the time the paper received media coverage worldwide; here, we reflect on the experience of writing one of Biotropica's most high‐profile commentaries and the conservation outcomes of our essay. We end by providing guidance for other authors on how to harness high‐profile events for conservation action.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
In vivo accuracy of tooth surface reconstruction based on CBCT and dental MRI—A clinical pilot study
Authors: Hilgenfeld Tim , Juerchott Alexander , Deisenhofer Ulrich Karl , Weber Dorothea , Rues Stefan , Rammelsberg Peter , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Schwindling Franz Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesGuided implant surgery (GIS) requires alignment of virtual models to reconstructions of three‐dimensional imaging. Accurate visualization of the tooth surfaces in the imaging datasets is mandatory. In this prospective clinical study, in vivo tooth surface accuracy was determined for GIS using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dental magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI).Materials and methodsCBCT and 3‐Tesla dMRI were performed in 22 consecutive patients (mean age: 54.4 ± 15.2 years; mean number of restorations per jaw: 6.7 ± 2.7). Altogether, 92 teeth were included (31 incisor, 29 canines, 20 premolars, and 12 molars). Surfaces were reconstructed semi‐automatically and registered to a reference standard (3D scans of stone models made from full‐arch polyether impressions). Reliability of both methods was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Accuracy was evaluated using the two one‐sided tests procedure with a predefined equivalence margin of ±0.2 mm root mean square (RMS).ResultsInter‐ and intrarater reliability of tooth surface reconstruction were comparable for CBCT and dMRI. Geometric deviations were 0.102 ± 0.042 mm RMS for CBCT and 0.261 ± 0.08 mm RMS for dMRI. For a predefined equivalence margin, CBCT and dMRI were statistically equivalent. CBCT, however, was significantly more accurate (p ≤ .0001). For both imaging techniques, accuracy did not differ substantially between different tooth types.ConclusionCone‐beam computed tomography is an accurate and reliable imaging technique for tooth surfaces in vivo, even in the presence of metal artifacts. In comparison, dMRI in vivo accuracy is lower. Still, it allows for tooth surface reconstruction in satisfactory detail and within acceptable acquisition times.
Malignant melanoma with metaplastic cartilaginous transdifferentiation: A case report
Authors: Berro Juliett , Abdul Halim Nour , Khaled Chirine , Assi Hazem I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMalignant melanoma is notorious for its remarkable morphological variation and aberrant histopathological patterns. However, melanoma with prominent cartilaginous transdifferentiation simulating chondrosarcoma is extremely rare. A 75‐year‐old male developed a swelling in his left inguinal region and was diagnosed with a metastatic melanoma, which was found to harbor a BRAF V600E mutation. Later on, the left inguinal lymph node was excised and immunohistochemistry done on the specimen revealed an undifferentiated component negative for S‐100 protein, HMB‐45 and Melan‐A and a cartilaginous component positive for S‐100 protein and diffusely positive for BRAF V600E mutation. To our knowledge, there are around 14 cases reported in the literature of malignant melanoma with pure cartilaginous transdifferentiation. In all cases, immunohistochemistry of the cartilaginous component was positive for S‐100, which is not an indicator of melanoma because cartilage expresses S‐100. BRAF mutational studies support that the tumor arose from a common melanoma cell that harbored the mutation and subsequently transdifferentiated. This case illustrates the importance of an accurate and thorough clinical assessment when it comes to the diagnosis of melanomas as they are notable for their impressive degree of morphologic variability. Moreover, this report helps shed light on the use of immunohistochemical analysis to reach a definitive diagnosis.
The role of the left atrial function in the surgical management of aortic and mitral valve disease
Authors: Cameli Matteo , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Mandoli Giulia E. , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Tsioulpas Charilaos , Mondillo Sergio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe right management of both mitral and aortic disease can be challenging, especially in asymptomatic patients. The current guidelines recommend valve repair or replacement when symptoms arise or when there is an evident left ventricular dysfunction. However, deciding the optimal surgical timing can be very difficult, since the line between the absence of symptoms and being minimally symptomatic, especially in the elderly, is blurred. Another relevant issue regards the second surgical criterion: operating on a patient with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction or with a dilated left ventricle might jeopardize the possibility of a fully reverse remodeling of the heart after surgery. In this scenario, the left atrium might play an important role. In particular, left atrial deformation might be a very useful tool to detect early ultrastructural alterations, and help or support guiding a patient‐tailored treatment at an early stage, optimizing the outcome in the long term.
Distribution of polyamines may be altered in different scalp regions of patients with hair loss
Authors: Lee Yu Ra , Lee Jeongae , Lew Bark Lynn , Sim Woo Young , Hong Jongki , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHair loss, from the vertex or front of the head, generally occurs due to increased androgenic steroid levels. Androgenic steroids, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are distributed differently across the vertex and occipital regions and are involved in inducing ornithine decarboxylase expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the distribution of polyamines may be altered in different scalp regions. For the overall metabolic profiling of polyamines in patients with hair loss, a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used. We investigated the differential polyamine levels in different regions of the hair of patients with male pattern baldness and those with female pattern hair loss. The levels of most polyamines were higher in the vertex region than in the occipital region, and N‐acetyl polyamine levels differed significantly. We proposed to test our hypothesis by profiling polyamines in human hair fibre to evaluate the distribution of metabolites in various regions of the scalp.
Space use and inferred spawning activity of three exploited gamefish species on a large artificial reef
Authors: Logan Ryan K. , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntense fishing pressure has led to changes in species composition, demography and the over‐exploitation of many coastal fishes. To restore populations, artificial reefs (ARs) are used with the assumption that new habitat will increase fish productivity. Kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), barred sand bass (P. nebulifer) and California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) are three important recreational gamefish species in southern California. Home ranging behaviour, space use and spawning‐related activity of these three species were quantified on a large AR. Kelp bass used the largest amount of area, but space use was similar among species. While no spawning behaviour could be determined for sheephead, kelp bass exhibited two different activity patterns during spawning months and barred sand bass migrated (indicative of spawning). Results of this study indicate that this large AR is providing suitable habitat for these species, and spawning‐related activity could be a sign that this AR is meeting essential life history demands.
Co‐viability of a Mediterranean demersal fishery affected by the discard ban under alternative management scenarios
Authors: Maynou Francesc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe joint viability, or co‐viability, of a Mediterranean Sea mixed demersal fishery was examined by applying a bioeconomic fisheries model to the main seven target stocks of the fishery under biological, social and economic constraints. The stocks of interest were hake, black‐bellied angler, deep‐water rose shrimp, red mullet, blue and red shrimp, Norway lobster and blue whiting, all of which were assessed as overexploited. Their combined production corresponds to 34% by volume and 52% by value of the landings of the demersal fishery studied. Simulation scenarios based on effort reduction, changes in the selectivity pattern and implementing a fisheries restricted area were compared over the simulation horizon of 2015–2030. The latter two scenarios were also examined in terms of full or partial compliance. The effect of a discard ban on the economy of the fleet was also analysed. The results show that the fishery is not co‐viable because some stocks are not viable in the projection period, but social and economic viability was ensured in all cases. As is often the case for mixed fisheries, a unique management measure is unlikely to improve the situation of all stocks simultaneously, but all the management measures tested are better than the status quo.
Backshoring and nearshoring: An overview
Authors: Piatanesi Benedetta , Arauzo‐Carod Josep‐Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, economies that have traditionally benefited from offshoring are losing some of their strategical advantages, with a consequent increase in backshoring by developed economies. This paper describes the phenomenon and tries to shed light on the current challenges, trends, and debates in the area, and on the main determinants of backshoring. A new phenomenon known as nearshoring is also analysed—this consists of relocating some previously offshored manufacturing activities so that they are now close to previous core locations, but not so close as to suffer from disagglomeration effects. This combines the advantages of offshoring and backshoring.
Identification of novel peptides with high stability against in vitro hydrolysis from bovine elastin hydrolysates and evaluation of their elastase inhibitory activity
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Lin , Xu Jucai , Sun‐waterhouse Dongxiao , Sun Baoguo , Su Guowan , Zhao Mouming 
Published: July 2019

SummarySurviving in the gastrointestinal tract is crucial for biopeptides to exert physiological effects in vivo. To enrich elastase inhibitory peptides with high digestive stability, elastin peptides was separated by using ultrafiltration and macroporous resin column, then changes in elastase inhibitory activity, amino acid composition and peptide profile of elastin peptides during in vitro digestion were measured. The results revealed that the fraction F3 eluted by 40% ethanol displayed high digestive stability possibly due to the high content of Pro‐containing peptides (20.25%). Particularly, thirty peptides in F3 exhibited high digestive stability and most of them contained GV and/or PG fragment. Since GV and PG could inhibit 35.70% and 51.77% elastase activity at the concentration of 20 mm, respectively, peptides in F3 survived in in vitro digestion which contained GV and PG sequence might be potential elastase inhibitors. This provides an approach for preparation of peptides with high bioactivity and digestive stability.
Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders: beyond the periodic fever
Authors: Moghaddas Fiona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe past two decades have seen an exponential increase in the number of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders described, coinciding with improved genetic sequencing techniques. This group of disorders has evolved to be heterogeneous and certainly more complex than the original four ‘periodic fever syndromes’ caused by innate immune over‐activation. This review aims to provide an update on the classic periodic fever syndromes as well as introducing the broadening spectrum of clinical features seen in more recently described conditions.
Demographic and clinical profile of cardioembolic stroke patients in Western Sydney
Authors: Ferkh Aaisha , O'Keefe Emily , Zada Matthew , Brown Paula , Duggins Andrew , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Altman Mikhail , Byth Karen , Kizana Eddy , Denniss Alan R. , Thomas Liza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardioembolism (CE) contributes to a large proportion of ischaemic stroke.AimsTo evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of CE stroke in Western Sydney.MethodsA retrospective analysis of ischaemic stroke patients presenting to Westmead Hospital (January–October 2016) was performed. Strokes were classified by TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria into different categories. Clinical and demographic data were collected on all stroke patients, and differences between CE and other stroke causes were identified.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐eight consecutive patients (70.9 years; 53% male) were identified. By TOAST criteria, 21 (9%) had large‐artery atherosclerosis, 94 (41%) CE, 10 (5%) small‐vessel disease, 2 (1%) other aetiology and 101 (44%) undetermined aetiology. A significant proportion of CE stroke patients had cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (66%), hypercholesterolaemia (50%), diabetes (26%) and ischaemic heart disease (28%). The majority (81%) of patients with CE had atrial flutter/flutter. CE stroke, compared with other types of stroke, was more common in females (56 vs 41%, P = 0.022) and patients with CE stroke were more likely to have previous cerebral ischaemia (34 vs 21%, P = 0.026), suggesting increased recurrence in this group. Of the patients with atrial flutter/flutter (n = 56), the majority (87%) had a high CHA2DS2‐VASC score (≥2); however, a significant proportion (55.4%) were not on anticoagulation.ConclusionsCardioembolic stroke remains a significant burden in Western Sydney, and it is likely that a significant proportion may be preventable, as evidenced by the substantial presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and inadequate anticoagulation of patients with atrial arrhythmias.
Oral anticoagulation after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and the associated risk of thromboembolic events and intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Romero Jorge , Cerrud‐Rodriguez Roberto C. , Diaz Juan C. , Rodriguez Daniel , Arshad Samiullah , Alviz Isabella , Cerna Luis , Rios Saul , Monhanty Sangamitra , Natale Andrea , Garcia Mario J. , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsWe sought to examine whether continuing oral anticoagulation (OAC) after catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with improved outcomes. OAC reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with AF. However, the continuation of OAC following the blanking period of CA is controversial due to conflicting published data.MethodsA systematic review of Medline, Cochrane, and Embase was performed for studies comparing patients who were continued on OAC (ON‐OAC) vs those in which OAC was discontinued (OFF‐OAC). CHA2DS2 VASc score had to be available for the classification of patients into high‐ or low‐risk cohorts (CHA2DS2 VASc ≥ 2 and ≤ 1, respectively). The primary efficacy outcome was thromboembolic events (TE). Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was the primary safety outcome.ResultsFive studies comprising 3956 patients were included (mean age, 61.1 ± 2.9 years; 72.4% male, CHA2DS2 VASc ≤ 1 50.1%; CHA2DS2 VASc ≥ 2 49.9%). After a mean follow‐up of 39.6 ± 11.7 months, OAC‐continuation was associated with a significant decrease in risk of TE in the high‐risk cohort (CHA2DS2 VASc ≥ 2) (risk ratio [RR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21‐0.82, P = .01) with a RR reduction of 59%. ICH was significantly higher in the ON‐OAC group (RR, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.33‐25.08; P = .02). No significant benefit was observed in the low‐risk cohort ON‐OAC after the blanking period.ConclusionContinuation of OAC after CA of AF with CHA2DS2 VASc ≥ 2 is associated with a significant decreased TE risk and a favorable net clinical benefit in spite of ICH being significantly increased in the ON‐OAC group. Continued OAC offers no benefit with CHA2DS2VASC ≤ 1.
Polycystin‐1 affects cancer cell behaviour and interacts with mTOR and Jak signalling pathways in cancer cell lines
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Zoi Ilianna , Gargalionis Antonios N. , Koutsilieris Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), which is attributable to mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes encoding polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2) respectively, shares common cellular defects with cancer, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, abnormal differentiation and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, PC1 regulates many signalling pathways including Jak/STAT, mTOR, Wnt, AP‐1 and calcineurin‐NFAT which are also used by cancer cells for sending signals that will allow them to acquire and maintain malignant phenotypes. Nevertheless, the molecular relationship between polycystins and cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of PC1 in cancer biology using glioblastoma (GOS3), prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7), lung (A549) and colorectal (HT29) cancer cell lines. Our in vitro results propose that PC1 promotes cell migration in GOS3 cells and suppresses cell migration in A549 cells. In addition, PC1 enhances cell proliferation in GOS3 cells but inhibits it in MCF7, A549 and HT29 cells. We also found that PC1 up‐regulates mTOR signalling and down‐regulates Jak signalling in GOS3 cells, while it up‐regulates mTOR signalling in PC3 and HT29 cells. Together, our study suggests that PC1 modulates cell proliferation and migration and interacts with mTOR and Jak signalling pathways in different cancer cell lines. Understanding the molecular details of how polycystins are associated with cancer may lead to the identification of new players in this devastating disease.
Factors affecting terrestrial movement in the amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
Authors: Yin‐Liao Irene , Wright Patricia A. , Laberge Frédéric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe hypothesised that the exploration tendency of the amphibious mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus would be inhibited in the terrestrial environment because of constraints on terrestrial locomotion or orientation. Using a novel object test, we showed that the fish explored objects in the aquatic but not the terrestrial environment, supporting the existence of constraints on terrestrial exploration. In further tests of the effects of extrinsic factors on terrestrial movement between aquatic refuges, shallow water depth simulating desiccation risk and the presence of a conspecific simulating intraspecific competition increased emersion outside of refuges, while high water salinity had no effect. These extrinsic factors had little effect on terrestrial movement between different aquatic refuges, except possibly for the lowest water depth tested. A significant association observed between emersion activity and movement between aquatic refuges suggested that terrestrial movement in K. marmoratus might depend on the tendency of individuals to emerse.
The MedSafer Study: A Controlled Trial of an Electronic Decision Support Tool for Deprescribing in Acute Care
Authors: McDonald Emily G. , Wu Peter E. , Rashidi Babak , Forster Alan J. , Huang Allen , Pilote Louise , Papillon‐Ferland Louise , Bonnici André , Tamblyn Robyn , Whitty Rachel , Porter Sandra , Battu Kiran , Downar James , Lee Todd C. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESPolypharmacy is common, costly, and harmful for hospitalized older adults. Scalable strategies to reduce the burden of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are needed. We sought to leverage medication reconciliation in hospitalized older adults by pairing with MedSafer, an electronic decision support tool for deprescribing.DESIGNThis was a nonrandomized controlled before‐and‐after study.SETTINGThe study took place on four internal medicine clinical teaching units.PARTICIPANTSSubjects were aged 65 years and older, had an expected prognosis of 3 or more months, and were taking five or more usual home medications.INTERVENTIONIn the baseline phase, patients received usual care that was medication reconciliation. Patients in the intervention arm also had a “deprescribing opportunity report” generated by MedSafer and provided to their in‐hospital treating team.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was ascertained at the time of hospital discharge and was the proportion of patients who had one or more PIMs deprescribed.RESULTSA total of 1066 patients were enrolled, and deprescribing opportunities were present for 873 (82%; 418 during the control and 455 during the intervention phases, respectively). The proportion of patients with one or more PIMs deprescribed at discharge increased from 46.9% in the control period to 54.7% in the intervention period with an adjusted absolute risk difference of 8.3% (2.9%‐13.9%). Not all classes of drugs in the intervention arm were associated with an increase in deprescribing, and new PIM starts were equally common in both arms of the study.CONCLUSIONUsing an electronic decision support tool for deprescribing, we increased the proportion of patients with one or more PIMs deprescribed at hospital discharge as compared with usual care. Although this type of intervention may help address medication overload in hospitalized patients, it also underscores the importance of powering future trials for a reduction in adverse drug events.Trial registration: NCT02918058. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1843–1850, 2019