bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gait with and without ankle-foot orthoses after lower limb surgery in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Skaaret I. , Steen H. , Huse A. B. , Holm I. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose Children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (SUCP) frequently undergo lower limb surgery to improve gait. Postoperatively, ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are used to maintain the surgical corrections and provide adequate mechanical support. Our aim was to evaluate changes in gait and impacts of AFOs one-year postoperatively Methods In all, 33 children with SUCP, 17 girls and 16 boys, mean age 9.2 years (5 to 16.5) were measured by 3D gait analysis walking barefoot preoperatively and walking barefoot and with AFOs one-year postoperatively. Changes in Gait Profile Scores (GPS), kinematic, kinetic and temporal spatial variables were examined using linear mixed models, with gender, gross motor function and AFO type as fixed effects. Results The results confirm significant gait improvements in the GPS, kinematics and kinetics walking barefoot one year after surgery. Comparing AFOs with barefoot walking postoperatively, there was additionally reduced ankle plantarflexion by an average of 5.1° and knee flexion by 4.7° at initial contact, enhanced ankle moments during loading response, increased velocity, longer steps and inhibited push-off power generation. Stance and swing phase dorsiflexion increased in children walking with hinged AFOs versus children walking with ground reaction AFOs. Changes in the non-affected limbs indicated less compensatory gait postoperatively. Conclusion Major changes were found between pre- and postoperative barefoot conditions. The main impact of AFOs was correction of residual drop foot and improved prepositioning for initial contact, which could be considered as indications for continued use after the one-year follow-up. Level of Evidence Level II - Therapeutic
Dupuytren’s disease: where do we stand?
Authors: Grazina Rita , Teixeira Sérgio , Ramos Renato , Sousa Henrique , Ferreira Andreia , Lemos Rui 
Published: February 2019

Dupuytren’s disease is a fibroproliferative disease that involves collagen deposition, leading to hand contractures that ultimately affect hand mobility and grip strength. It is a benign disorder but can cause high morbidity by limiting daily activities. Many factors have been proposed for its aetiology: namely genetics, smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes. However, there is still controversy as to the main aetiological cause of the disease. Treatment is not yet uniform around the world and still varies with the surgeon’s experience and preference. In this review, the authors review the pathogenesis and treatment options for Dupuytren’s disease in an attempt to summarize the current state of the art. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:63-69. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180021.
Grammatical Issues in Judicial Interpretation – Does Legal Practice Needs Linguistic Theory? Based on Polish Courts’ Decisions
Authors: Zeifert Mateusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost interpretational problems in law pertain to the meaning of words. However, in this paper I address problems caused in Polish courts by grammar (namely: syntax and inflexion) of legal provisions. One can distinguish five main sources of grammatical issues in judicial interpretation of law: syntax of a sentence (i.e. order of words), conjunctive words (i.e.i,lub), punctuation marks (i.e. comma, semicolon, dash), nominal grammatical categories (i.e. number, gender), verbal grammatical categories (i. e. aspect, tense, mood). Traditional Polish canons of interpretation offer no clues on how to deal with such issues, stating only that statutes should be construed in accordance with the rules of grammar. In fact, cases in which such interpretational issues occur, are decided in a highly incoherent manner. The courts tend to feel a tension between grammatical form of a provision and its purpose, function, or other extra-linguistic values. I think the main reason of such controversy is a very limited vision of grammar shared by the courts, stemmed from primary school rather than contemporary linguistic theories.
Legal Discourse: Text Analysis and Translation Strategies
Authors: Velykodska Olena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article deals with basic requirements to the translation for specific purposes, namely legal translation. The problem posed here is defining object and theoretical basis of legal translation. The question of the necessity of information search as an integral part of translation strategy has been raised. Detailed analysis revealed that the requirements of professional translators include knowledge of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of both languages in legal sphere; deep understanding of the concepts employed by specialists in particular field and the specialist terms used to express these concepts and their relationships in the source and target languages. It is recommended that evaluation of the translation may be done on the following principles: communicative pragmatic norms of translation; equivalent norms of translation; absence of contextual, cultural, functional, lexico-grammatical mistakes.
Prepositions in EU and Domestic Judgments – A Corpus Analysis of the Distribution and Functions of Simple, Complex and Secondary Prepositions
Authors: Koźbiał Dariusz 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article aims to examine the distribution of simple, complex and secondary prepositions in EU judgments (based on a corpus of judgments of the Court of Justice and the General Court) and domestic judgments (based on a corpus of judgments of the Polish Supreme Court) against general Polish (based on a balanced version of the Polish National Corpus), and to analyze the functions of complex and secondary prepositions. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the high distribution of prepositions in judgments against a representative sample of general Polish is a generic feature of judgments. In addition, it was established that the phraseological profile of EU judgments differs from the profile of national judgments in terms of the distribution of prepositions and their specific functions. This may be the result of the impact of the translation process on target language texts and the scope of jurisdiction of the EU courts and the national court, both of which affect the subject matter of judgments.
Glass ionomer bone cements based on magnesium-containing bioactive glasses
Authors: Wetzel Roland , Hupa Leena , Brauer Delia S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are used in restorative dentistry and their properties (low heat during setting, adhesion to mineralised tissue and surgical metals) make them of great interest for bone applications.However, dental GIC are based on aluminium-containing glasses, and the resulting release of aluminium ions from the cements needs to be avoided for applications as bone cements. Replacing aluminium ions in glasses for use in glass ionomer cements is challenging, as aluminium ions play a critical role in the required glass degradation by acid attack as well as in GIC mechanical stability. Magnesium ions have been used as an alternative for aluminium in the glass component, but so far no systematic study has looked into the actual role of magnesium ions. The aim of the present study is therefore the systematic comparison of the effect of magnesium ions compared to calcium ions in GIC glasses. It is shown that by partially substituting MgO for CaO in simple SiO2-CaO-CaF2 glasses, ion release from the glass and, subsequently, GIC setting behaviour can be adjusted. Magnesium ions act as typical network modifiers here but owing to their larger field strength compared to calcium ions reduce ion release from the glasses significantly. By choosing an optimum ratio of magnesium and calcium ions in the glass, GIC setting and subsequently compressive strength can be controlled.
Investigating the effect of Copper Addition on SiO2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P2O5 Glass Polyalkenoate Cements: Physical, Mechanical and Biological Behavior
Authors: Mokhtari S. , Wren A.W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe physical, mechanical, and biological behaviour of copper containing glass polyalkenotare cements were investigated, where copper (Cu2+) was incorporated into a SiO2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P2O5 based glass system. Three GPCs were formulated for this study, a Control and two Cu-GPCs with 6 (Cu-1) and 12 (Cu-2) Mol.% of CuO substituted for the SiO2 in the glass. Rheological evaluation of GPCs determined that the addition of the Cu decreases the working and setting times in the cements. The mechanical properties of the cements were evaluated after 1 - 21 days incubation in DI water. The compressive strength of the cements were found to range between 21-36 MPa, with Cu-1 having the highest compressive strength. Biaxial flexural strength and Shear Bond Strength of the GPCs were found to increase with respect to time and were higher for the Cu-GPCs at 14 MPa and 2.1 MPa respectively. Bioactivity testing was conducted using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) which revealed CaP precipitants on each of the GPCs surfaces. The effect o f Cu addition to the GPCs greatly enhanced the antibacterial inhibition zone (IZ) when tested in E.coli (3mm), S.aureus (24mm) and S.epidermidis (22mm). Cytocompatibility testing revealed more favorable MC3T3 osteoblast cell viability when compared to the Control GPC.
Algebraic Structure of Holomorphic Poisson Cohomology on Nilmanifolds
Authors: Poon Yat Sun , Simanyi John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is proved that on nilmanifolds with abelian complex structure, there exists a canonically constructed non-trivial holomorphic Poisson structure.We identify the necessary and sufficient condition for its associated cohomology to be isomorphic to the cohomology associated to trivial (zero) holomorphic Poisson structure. We also identify a sufficient condition for this isomorphism to be at the level of Gerstenhaber algebras.
Documenting Faith: Physical Devotion in Werner Herzog’s Pilgrimage (2001) and Wheel of Time (2003)
Authors: Poch Chantal 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To make visible the invisible has always been a key challenge to film. This paper will study how German director Werner Herzog, a regular explorer of the material / spiritual dichotomy, has managed to visualize something as invisible as faith in his documentaries Pilgrimage (2001) and Wheel of Time (2003). By identifying a strong narrative and aesthetic focus on gesture, we will work on a possible reading on physical devotion as a contemporary substitute to sacrifice. Gesture, then, will become not only the visible translation of what we will argue is represented as a natural and universal faith, but also the apparatus enabling the feeling of the sacred.
Shape-shifting: TheoArtistry Poetry as Theological Action Research
Authors: Anderson Kimberley Jane , Bolland John 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a creative partnership between a theologian and a poet arranged by the Institute for Theology, Imagination and the Arts at the University of St Andrews in 2018. The TheoArtistry project seeks to reintroduce artists to traditional religious culture and to foster collaborations between academics and art practitioners (Corbett). In this article we discuss and utilise Theological Action Research methodology (Cameron et al.), to explore the process and outcomes of one such collaboration tasked to produce a poem inspired by an Old Testament passage and the theme of “Annunciation.” The researchers in this collaboration drew on a diverse range of cultural forms and accommodated a position of scepticism towards Christian faith. An examination of the cycles of action and reflection in the production of the poem enables conclusions to be made concerning the impact of this interaction upon the collaborators’ theological thought and practice. This section closes with the final poem and a brief team commentary. The final section evaluates the partnership in terms of the TheoArtistry goals and shows how it both supported the project and set a challenging precedent for broadening the scope of theological openness and inclusivity in future collaborations.
Measuring soccer players’ contributions to chance creation by valuing their passes
Authors: Bransen Lotte , Van Haaren Jan , van de Velden Michel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Scouting departments at soccer clubs aim to discover players having a positive influence on the outcomes of matches. Since passes are the most frequently occurring on-the-ball actions on the pitch, a natural way to achieve this objective is by identifying players who are effective in setting up chances. Unfortunately, traditional statistics such as number of assists fail to reveal players excelling in this area. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces a novel metric that measures the players’ involvement in setting up chances by valuing the effectiveness of their passes. Our proposed metric identifies Arsenal player Mesut Özil as the most impactful player in terms of passes during the 2017/2018 season and proposes Ajax player Frenkie de Jong as a suitable replacement for Andrés Iniesta at FC Barcelona.
Takeover Protection and Firm Value
Authors: Andres Christian , Jacob Martin , Ulrich Lennart 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We examine firm value consequences of anti-takeover regulation, exploiting the staggered announcement and implementation of an anti-takeover regulation in the U.K. We show that, on average, takeover protection increases firm value. This effect is partly driven by innovative firms expanding their R&D activities. However, the anti-takeover regulation also increases the value of less productive firms. Anti-takeover regulation could thus constrain highly productive firms from taking over low-productivity firms. Our results imply that, while takeover protection may stimulate innovation, it can distort the allocation of funds by preventing market share from moving from less efficient to more efficient firms.
Eco-Friendly Snow Melting Systems Developed for Modern Expressways
Authors: Seo Youngguk , Kim Jin-Hwan , Seo Un-Jong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study presents environmentally friendly snow melting methods utilizing electric heating cables, ground source heat pumps, tunnel water heat, solar-assisted electric heating cables, and boilers that have been developed and tested at several expressway sections in South Korea since 1996. Compared with a conventional winter maintenance practice based on deicing or anti-icing chemicals, these snow melting systems have little environmental impact (i.e., eco-melting) and are useful in clearing away snow and preventing ice formation promptly without causing long and frequent traffic hold-ups. A comparative evaluation on the eco-melting systems is conducted to characterize their construction and operation features, and the snow melting performance of each system is validated at full-scale test sites under various winter weather conditions. Also, cost analyses are conducted based on the data collected from the field experiments to determine the affordability of each system. Finally, five types of expressway sections (hi-pass toll lane, regular toll lane, an open section between tunnels, curved road, and bridge) that are vulnerable to traffic accidents during winter are prioritized based on three factors (safety, affordability, and environment) for the optimum deployment of eco-melting systems on modern expressways.
Muller “Elements” inDrosophila: How the Search for the Genetic Basis for Speciation Led to the Birth of Comparative Genomics
Authors: Schaeffer Stephen W 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of genetic maps multiple species of Drosophila to understand the basis for species formation became problematic because visible mutations were not easily compared among species and species-specific linkage groups lacked a standard nomenclature...The concept of synteny, or conservation of genes on the same chromosome, traces its origins to the early days of Drosophila genetics. This discovery emerged from comparisons of linkage maps from different species of Drosophila with the goal of understanding the process of speciation. H. J. Muller published a landmark article entitled Bearings of the “Drosophila” work on systematics, where he synthesized genetic and physical map data and proposed a model of speciation and chromosomal gene content conservation. These models have withstood the test of time with the advent of molecular genetic analysis from protein to genome level variation. Muller’s ideas provide a framework to begin to answer questions about the evolutionary forces that shape the structure of the genome.
The Effects of Demography and Genetics on the Neutral Distribution of Quantitative Traits
Authors: Koch Evan M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeutral models for quantitative trait evolution are useful for identifying phenotypes under selection. These models often assume normally distributed phenotypes. This assumption may be violated when a trait is affected by relatively few variants or when the effects of those variants arise from skewed or heavy tailed distributions. Molecular phenotypes such as gene expression levels may have these properties. To accommodate deviations from normality, models making fewer assumptions about the underlying genetics and patterns of variation are needed. Here, we develop a general neutral model for quantitative trait variation using a coalescent approach. This model allows interpretation of trait distributions in terms of familiar population genetic parameters because it is based on the coalescent. We show how the normal distribution resulting from the infinitesimal limit, where the number of loci grows large as the effect size per mutation becomes small, depends only on expected pairwise coalescent times. We then demonstrate how deviations from normality depend on demography through the distribution of coalescence times as well as through genetic parameters. In particular, population growth events exacerbate deviations while bottlenecks reduce them. We demonstrate the practical applications of this model by showing how to sample from the neutral distribution of QST, the ratio of the variance between subpopulations to that in the overall population. We further show it is likely impossible to distinguish sparsity from skewed or heavy tailed mutational effects using only sampled trait values. The model analyzed here greatly expands the parameter space for neutral trait models.
Professor Leo Leesment (1902–1986) als Mensch und als Lehrkraft der Universität Tartu
Authors: Järvelaid Peeter 
Published: February 2019

[full article and abstract in German]
Leo Leesment (17.04.1902 Riga – 16.01.1986 Tartu), ein Mitglied der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft, gehört zu jenen Persönlichkeiten der estnischen Rechtsgeschichte, die mehrere Kulturgrenzen überschritten in ihrem Leben. Ihm gebührt die Ehre als erster nach 1920 eine Magisterarbeit an der Tartuer juristischen Fakultät geschrieben zu haben (erster estnischer Magister der Fakultät überhaupt war Nikolai Maim) und der erste Este zu sein, der in Tartu über Rechtsgeschichte promovierte. Mit seinen Forschungen zur mittelalterlichen Rechtsgeschichte wurde er zum international zitierten Autor sowohl im deutschen als auch im französischen Sprachraum. In Tartu unterrichtete er mit Unterbrechungen seit 1928 und hielt bis zu seinem Tod 1986 akademische Verbindungen mit den Rechtshistorikern seiner Alma mater aufrecht.
ОЦІНКА ФРАКЦІЙ ВИСІВОК ПШЕНИЦІ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТІВ БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПЕРЕРОБКИ
Authors: Бужилов Микола Георгійович , Капрельянц Леонід Вікторович , Пожіткова Лілія Георгіївна 
Published: February 2019

У роботі розглянуто можливість використання пшеничних висівок як джерела ряда біологічно активних речовин та харчових волокон. Проаналізовано структурні зміни, які відбуваються в клітинах алейронового шару висівок в результаті їх замочування, це в свою чергу значно підвищує дифузію поживних речовин вакуолей в навколишнє водне середовище, і створює сприятливе поживне середовище для подальшого розвитку мікроорганізмів. Встановлено закономірність кількісного співвідношення розміра фракцій в залежності від вмісту вологи. Досліджено хімічний склад загальних пшеничних висівок з трьох зернопереробних підприємств одеської області: Грейн Милл, ВАТ Одесахарчкомбінат і ТОВ Софія. Встановлено всі досліджувані зразки не перевищують вимог показників, які висуваються до пшеничних висівок згідно ДСТУ 3016-95. З огляду біохімічного складу та морфологічних ознак клітини визначено і обґрунтовано доцільність проведення фракціонування за розміром часток пшеничних висівок. Показано, що вміст білку, легко гідролізуємих полісахаридів та кількість крохмалю у всїх фракціях відрізняється, це обумовнене тим, що кожна з фракцій утворюється у процесі переробки з різних шарів зерна. Графічно наведено залежність розміру фракцій пшеничних вісівок на вміст білку, полісахаридів та вологості. Встановлено, що вміст білків, вуглеводів та біологічно активних речовин дає нам можливість, їх подальшого використання, як питомого середовища для культивування пробіотичних мікроорганізмів.
РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ ПРОСТЕЖУВАНОСТІ У М'ЯСНІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: Поварова Наталя Миколаївна , Мельник Людмила Анатоліївна 
Published: February 2019

У роботі розглянуто нормативні документи, сучасні законодавчі, а також літературні джерела щодо ролі системи простежуваності для гарантування безпечності продуктів харчування. Показано, які існують важливі проблеми у сфері харчування, а саме: наявність продуктів харчування для різних верств населення та в необхідній кількості, раціональне харчування та забезпечення безпечних харчових продуктів. Представлені системи відстеження різних країн світу. Приведена схема системи простежування, яка дозволяє зробити управління виробництвом прозорим для підприємства. Відмічено, що простежуваність це рятівний жилет не тільки для споживача, адже також стоїть на захисті інтересів виробників харчових продуктів. У роботі представлений принцип єдиного трофологічного ланцюга, значимість якого полягає у взаємозалежної послідовності окремих ланок. Встановлено, що за допомогою системи можна запобігти великій кількості витрат, зменшити короткотривалі і фінансові витрати і збільшити ефективність виробництва, відслідковувати рух, місцезнаходження і стан виготовленої продукції на всіх етапах виробництва, обробки і розподілу.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СУМАРНОГО ВМІСТУ ФЕНОЛЬНИХ СПОЛУК В ЕКСТРАКТІ З ЛИСТЯ Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Пономарьова Людмила Миколаївна , Ярощук Роман Анатолійович , Коваленко Ігор Миколайович , Гузь Оксана Іванівна 
Published: February 2019

Відомо, що різні групи фенольних сполук мають адаптогенні властивості, тому метою досліджень було визначення оптимальних параметрів процесу екстракції листя Ginkgo biloba з метою максимального вилучення фенольних сполук. Визначення проводили спектрофотометричним методом. Основні фактори, що вивчалися для визначення впливу на повноту і швидкість екстракції, були: дисперсність рослинної сировини, природа екстрагента, тривалість екстрагування, співвідношення сировина : екстрагент, кратність екстракції. На підставі проведених досліджень можна зробити висновок, що оптимальним ступенем подрібнення сировини є 1-0,5 мм. Найкращими екстрагентами, при використанні яких досягається найбільший вихід досліджуваних діючих речовин із листя Ginkgo biloba, виявились вода очищена і 50 % етанол. Найкращий вихід фенольних сполук досягається водою протягом 30 хв при одноразовій екстракції. Оптимальне співвідношення між сировиною та екстрагентами для води очищеної і 50 % розчину етанолу становить 1:30. Повнота виділення фенольних сполук досягається шляхом двократного екстрагування при використанні вказаних екстрагентів.