bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa: A literature review of changes and challenges in the 21st century
Authors: Weimer A. , Tagny C.T. , Tapko J.B. , Gouws C. , Tobian A.A.R. , Ness P.M. , Bloch E.M. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDAccess to a safe, adequate blood supply has proven challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa, where systemic deficiencies spanning policy, collections, testing, and posttransfusion surveillance have long been recognized. Progress in transfusion safety in the early 2000s was in large part due to intervention by the World Health Organization and other foreign governmental bodies, coupled with an influx of external funding.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA review of the literature was conducted to identify articles pertaining to blood safety in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 2009 to March 2018. The search was directed toward addressing the major elements of the blood safety chain, in the countries comprising the World Health Organization African region. Of 1380 articles, 531 met inclusion criteria and 136 articles were reviewed.RESULTSExternal support has been associated with increased recruitment of voluntary donors and expanded testing for the major transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). However, the rates of TTIs among donors remain high. Regional education and training initiatives have been implemented, and a tiered accreditation process has been adopted. However, a general decline in funding for transfusion safety (2009 onwards) has strained the ability to maintain or improve transfusion‐related services. Critical areas of need include data collection and dissemination, epidemiological surveillance for TTIs, donor recruitment, quality assurance and oversight (notably laboratory testing), and hemovigilance.CONCLUSIONDiminishing external support has been challenging for regional transfusion services. Critical areas of deficiency in regional blood transfusion safety remain. Nonetheless, substantive gains in education, training, and accreditation suggest durable gains in regional capacity.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: October 2018

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 6 Hichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonLuca Giordano, CONSOB, ItalyMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASajid Mohy Ul Din, Universiti Utara Malaysia, MalaysiaSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USAY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Treatment of fatigue with physical activity and behavioural change support in vasculitis: study protocol for an open-label randomised controlled feasibility study
Authors: Harper Lorraine , Morgan Matthew David , Chanouzas Dimitrios , Caulfield Hollie K , Coughlan Linda , Dean Caroline , Fletcher Kate , Cramp Fiona , Greenfield Sheila , Hewitt Catherine A , Ives Natalie J , Jowett Sue , Daley Amanda 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionFatigue is a major cause of morbidity, limiting quality of life, in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). The aetiology of fatigue is multifactorial; biological and psychosocial mediators, such as sleep deprivation, pain and anxiety and depression, are important and may be improved by increasing physical activity. Current self-management advice is based on expert opinion and is poorly adhered to. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of increasing physical activity using a programme of direct contact and telephone support, to provide patient education, encourage behaviour self-monitoring and the development of an individual change plan with defined goals and feedback to treat fatigue compared with standard of care to inform the design of a large randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy and cost effectiveness of this programme.Methods and analysisPatients with AAV and significant levels of fatigue (patient self-report using multidimensional fatigue index score questionnaire ≥14) will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the physical activity programme supported by behavioural change techniques or standard of care. The intervention programme will consist of 8 visits of supervised activity sessions and 12 telephone support calls over 12 weeks with the aim of increasing physical activity to the level advised by government guidelines. Assessment visits will be performed at baseline, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. The study will assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, the acceptability, adherence and safety of the intervention, and collect data on various assessment tools to inform the design of a large definitive trial. A nested qualitative study will explore patient experience of the trial through focus groups or interviews.Ethics and disseminationAll required ethical and regulatory approvals have been obtained. Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations, patient networks and academic publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN11929227.
Cardiac output changes from prior to pregnancy to post partum using two non-invasive techniques
Authors: Masini Giulia , Foo Lin F , Cornette Jérôme , Tay Jasmine , Rizopoulos Dimitris , McEniery Carmel M , Wilkinson Ian B , Lees Christoph C 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to describe cardiac output (CO) trend from prepregnancy to post partum using an inert gas rebreathing (IGR) device and compare these measurements with those obtained by a pulse waveform analysis (PWA) technique, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.MethodsNon-smoking healthy women, aged 18–44 years, with body mass index <35 were included in this prospective observational study. CO measurements were collected at different time points (prepregnancy, at four different gestational epochs and post partum) using IGR and PWA. A linear mixed model analysis tested whether the longitudinal change in CO differed between the techniques. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for cross-sectional and a four-quadrant plot for longitudinal comparisons.ResultsOf the 413 participants, 69 had a complete longitudinal assessment throughout pregnancy. In this latter cohort, the maximum CO rise was seen at 15.2 weeks with IGR (+17.5% from prepregnancy) and at 10.4 weeks with PWA (+7.7% from prepregnancy). Trends differed significantly (p=0.0093). Cross-sectional analysis was performed in the whole population of 413 women: the mean CO was 6.14 L/min and 6.38 L/min for PWA and IGR, respectively, the percentage of error was 46% and the ICC was 0.348, with similar results at all separate time points. Longitudinal concordance was 64%.ConclusionsDespite differences between devices, the maximum CO rise in healthy pregnancies is more modest and earlier than previously reported. The two methods of CO measurement do not agree closely and cannot be used interchangeably. Technique-specific reference ranges are needed before they can be applied in research and clinical settings.
General group exercise in low back pain management in a military population, a comparison with specific spine group exercise: a service evaluation
Authors: Surtees Joanna E , Heneghan N R 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether general group exercise (GGE) offers the same outcomes compared with a specific spinal group exercise (SSGE) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) in a military population.DesignRetrospective service evaluation using routine service activity data.SettingA UK military rehabilitation centre.ParticipantsA total of 106 patients with CLBP.InterventionsThree-week intensive (5 days per week, 15-day intervention) rehabilitation course for patients with CLBP. Six SSGE groups (n=64); CLBP only. Six GGE groups (n=42); CLBP patients grouped with chronic lower limb (LL) injuries.Outcome measuresOswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numerical Pain-Rating Scores and the Modified Multi-Stage Fitness Test (Mod-MSFT). Long-term effects were measured by Medical Employment Standard (MES) status and physiotherapy follow-up at 3 and 12 months.ResultsA between-group analysis showed no significant difference in GGE compared with SSGE. Mean changes (SD) in pain were −2.71±2.35 and −1.20±1.99 (p=0.018), ODI were −3.6±5.7 and −4±8.5 respectively (p=0.649) and Mod-MSFT 28.4±30.8 and 29.7±31.7 respectively (p=0.792). At 3 months, a greater proportion of the GGE were having ongoing physiotherapy; GGE=50%, SSGE=30.2%, (p=0.016) although some differences were evident across MES with 32.5 % of GGE compared with 20.6 % of SSGE being medically fit with no restrictions. At 12 months, groups were largely comparable for follow-up physiotherapy and MES; 22.5% of GGE and 20.6% of SSGE continued to have physiotherapy input; 47.5% of GGE and 50.8% of SSGE were medically fit with no restrictions.ConclusionPatients with CLBP who completed a 3-week rehabilitation programme had comparable outcomes when grouped with patients with LL, although only improvements in pain in the GGE group achieved a meaningful change. Further evaluation of potential costs and savings to service costs is now required.
Of dilemmas and tensions: a qualitative study of palliative care physicians’ positions regarding voluntary active euthanasia in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Bélanger Emmanuelle , Towers Anna , Wright David Kenneth , Chen Yuexi , Tradounsky Golda , Macdonald Mary Ellen 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesIn 2015, the Province of Quebec, Canada passed a law that allowed voluntary active euthanasia (VAE). Palliative care stakeholders in Canada have been largely opposed to euthanasia, yet there is little research about their views. The research question guiding this study was the following: How do palliative care physicians in Quebec position themselves regarding the practice of VAE in the context of the new provincial legislation?MethodsWe used interpretive description, an inductive methodology to answer research questions about clinical practice. A total of 18 palliative care physicians participated in semistructured interviews at two university-affiliated hospitals in Quebec.ResultsParticipants positioned themselves in opposition to euthanasia. Their justifications were framed within their professional commitment to not hasten death, which sat in tension with the value of patients’ autonomy to choose how to die. Participants described VAE as unacceptable if it impeded opportunities to evaluate and alleviate suffering. Further, they contested government rhetoric that positioned VAE as a way to improve end-of-life care. Participants felt that VAE would diminish the potential of palliative care to relieve suffering. Dilemmas were apparent in their narratives, about reconciling respect for patient autonomy with broader palliative care values, and the value of accompanying and not abandoning patients who make requests for VAE while being committed to neither prolonging nor hastening death.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into nuanced positions of experienced palliative care physicians in Quebec and confirms expected tensions between an important stakeholder and the practice of VAE as guided by the new legislation.
Evidence of compensation among waterpipe smokers using harm reduction components
Authors: Brinkman Marielle C , Kim Hyoshin , Buehler Stephanie S , Adetona Anna M , Gordon Sydney M , Clark Pamela I 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesWe examined two waterpipe tobacco smoking components advertised to reduce harm to determine if they result in lower levels of biomarkers of acute exposure.MethodsWe conducted a crossover study of 34 experienced waterpipe smokers smoking a research-grade waterpipe in three configurationsad libitumin a controlled chamber: control (quick-light charcoal), electric (electric heating) and bubble diffuser (quick-light charcoal and bubble diffuser). We collected data on smoking topography, environmental carbon monoxide (CO), subjective effects, heart rate, plasma nicotine and exhaled CO and benzene.ResultsSmokers’ mean plasma nicotine, heart rate, and exhaled benzene and CO boost were all significantly lower for electric compared with control. However, smokers puffed more intensely and took significantly more and larger volume puffs for a larger total puffing volume (2.0 times larger, p<0.0001) when smoking electric; machine yields indicate this was likely due to lower mainstream nicotine. Smokers rated electric smoking experience less satisfying and less pleasant. For charcoal heating, the mean mass of CO emitted into the chamber was ~1 g when participants smoked for a mean of 32 minutes at a typical residential ventilation rate (2.3 hr−1).ConclusionWaterpipe smokers engaged in compensation (i.e., increased and more intense puffing) to make up for decreased mainstream nicotine delivery from the same tobacco heated two ways. Waterpipe components can affect human puffing behaviours, exposures and subjective effects. Evidence reported here supports regulation of waterpipe components, smoking bans in multifamily housing and the use of human studies to evaluate modified or reduced risk claims.
Contextuality of a two-qubit state in 4-cycle measurement scenarios
Authors: Meng Hui-Xian , Wang Wen-Hua , Zhou Jie , Chen Jing-Ling 
Published: October 2018

We introduce a quantity of contextuality, i.e. the maximum contextuality of a two-qubit state in 4-cycle measurement scenarios, to study quantum contextuality of two-qubit states for the 4-cycle noncontextual inequalities. Subsequently, we prove several appealing features of this quantity of contextuality, including the faithfulness, the boundedness, the invariance under unitary operations and the convexity. Remarkably, for arbitrary two-qubit state, we reformulate this quantity of contextuality analytically by eigenvalues of the state. Therefore, in 4-cycle measurement scenarios, we establish an efficient way to distinguish two-qubit states that can reveal contextuality from ones that cannot.
Off‐ Versus On‐Pump Coronary Surgery and the Effect of Follow‐Up Length and Surgeons’ Experience: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Benedetto Umberto , Bakaeen Faisal , Rahouma Mohamed , Tam Derrick Y. , Abouarab Ahmed , Di Franco Antonino , Leonard Jeremy , Elmously Adham , Puskas John D. , Angelini Gianni D. , Girardi Leonard N. , Fremes Stephen E. , Taggart David P. 
Published: October 2018

Background

The debate on the relative benefits of off‐pump and on‐pump coronary artery bypass surgery (
OPCABG
and
ONCABG
) is still open. We aimed to provide an updated and complete summary of the evidence on the differences between
OPCABG
and
ONCABG
and to explore whether the length of the follow‐up and the surgeons’ experience in
OPCABG
modify the comparative results.

Methods and Results

All randomized clinical trials comparing
OPCABG
and
ONCABG
were included. Primary outcome was follow‐up mortality. Secondary outcomes were operative mortality, perioperative stroke, perioperative myocardial infarction, and late repeated revascularization. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the length of the follow‐up and the percentage of crossover from the
OPCABG
group (used as a surrogate of surgeon experience with
OPCABG
). One hundred four trials were included (20 627 patients,
OPCABG
: 10 288;
ONCABG
: 10 339). Weighted mean follow‐up time was 3.7 years (range 1–7.5 years).
OPCABG
was associated with a higher risk of follow‐up mortality (incidence rate ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.23,
P
=0.05). The difference was significant only for trials with mean follow‐up of ≥3 years and for studies with a crossover rate of ≥10%. There was a trend toward lower risk of perioperative stroke and higher need for late repeated revascularization in the
OPCABG
arm.

Conclusions

OPCABG
is associated with a higher incidence of incomplete revascularization, an increased need for repeated revascularization, and decreased midterm survival compared with
ONCABG
. Surgeon inexperience in
OPCABG
is associated with late mortality.
The Incompatibility of Phenomenological Data and Dominant Nosological Systems Like DSM-5: Binswanger’s Psychopathological Phenomenology
Authors: van de Pol Albert-Jan , Derksen Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis essay is a response to proposals to integrate patient-subjective or idiographic data into future versions of nosologies such as theDSMand theICD. It argues that a nosology is not a suitable vehicle for disseminating psychopathological-phenomenological research results throughout the field. Drawing on the work of Ludwig Binswanger, it examines, on the basis of four postulates, how he applies the Husserlian concept of intentionality in psychiatry and thus arrives at a psychopathological phenomenology. For each individual postulate, we then look in depth at the implications for the current debate aroundDSM. The conclusion we come to is that, both because of the objective of phenomenological research and because of the complexity of the kind of information involved in findings based on that research, it is impossible to integrate these findings into a nosology without deviating from either them or the nosology itself.
La diffusion d’ un ouvrage de logique arabe de la fin du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Morel Teymour 
Published: October 2018

RésuméLe religieux maronite Buṭrus al-Tūlāwī (1657-1746) est bien connu auprès des chercheurs pour le rôle que ses ouvrages jouèrent dans les sphères religieuse et intellectuelle au Proche-Orient du XVIIe au XIXe siècles. Son œuvre philosophique a encore été peu étudiée. Dans un article précédent, avec Maroun Aouad, nous avons établi un inventaire détaillé des codex – connus et nouvellement identifiés – contenant l’ un ou l’ autre des textes philosophiques de notre auteur, où nous avons détaillé les noms des copistes, des possesseurs, des glossateurs, parmi d’ autres détails sur l’ histoire de ces témoins. Il conviendra de mettre à profit les informations répertoriées dans ce travail de description des codex – toujours en cours, d’ ailleurs – afin d’ analyser la diffusion de cette œuvre, vaste entreprise compte tenu du nombre de ses témoins connus (153 répartis dans 143 manuscrits). Dans cet article, nous proposons une étude préliminaire portant sur les colophons de huit témoins emblématiques de la Logique – deuxième volume de la philosophie d’ al-Tūlāwī –, ainsi que sur d’ autres inscriptions paratextuelles.
In the Ḥakīm’s Own Hand
Authors: Schlein Deborah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe history of Greco-Arabic medicine in India can be studied through the Arabic and Persian manuscripts used by its students, practitioners, and collectors. The aim of this paper is to follow the reception of a major medical manuscript tradition in India: the medical encyclopedia of Najīb al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 619/1222), al-Asbāb wa-l-ʿalāmāt, and the many commentaries written on the work in the region. By studying the colophons and ownership notes of these manuscripts, dating from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, we learn about the transmission and reception of ṭibb in the Mughal and Colonial Indian environment.
Mamlūk Poetry, Ottoman Readers, and an Enlightenment Collector
Authors: White James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne kind of reader’s note that has received minimal attention in scholarship to date is the poem. This article suggests that the verses added by readers to manuscripts can reveal information concerning the social and intellectual history of reading communities, the history of collecting, and the reception of literary works. I examine an appendix of unattributed poems that were added by a group of readers to a holograph copy of Ibn Sūdūn al-Bashbughāwī’s (d. 868/1464) Nuzha (Bodleian Library MS. Sale 13), most probably in northern Syria in the seventeenth century. I identify the poems and their authors, study their manipulation in the Sale manuscript, and offer some initial conclusions as to what they can tell us about the social and intellectual contexts in which MS. Sale 13 was stored before it came to England.
Tracing Ibn Ṭūlūn’s Autograph Corpus, with Emphasis on the 19th–20th Centuries
Authors: Wollina Torsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMuḥammad Ibn Ṭūlūn is today fairly well known as a historian of Damascus. Yet, his numerous writings cover many more areas of contemporaneous knowledge production and some of those might have been more impactful for his reputation as a scholar. One area that has so far not received much attention is the scrutiny Ibn Ṭūlūn put into the organisation of knowledge within his library, his corpus, and even individual manuscripts. This article attempts one step at closing this lacuna by addressing the contents statements with which Ibn Ṭūlūn prefaced all his autograph manuscripts. It also proposes a methodology for utilising them as sources for manuscript history. Based on four primary case studies, the chapter uses a triad of extraction, recompilation, and reconstruction of manuscripts to assess the current state of multiple-text manuscripts vis-a-vis their original compilations. All four manuscripts ended up in the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin by the 1930s. The chapter makes use of a wide array of sources within and without these manuscripts to elucidate their historical trajectories from Ibn Ṭūlūn’s endowed library until their acquisition by Chester Beatty. Specific attention will be paid to their peregrinations in the 19th and early-20th centuries. In particular, early 20th-century photographic reproductions of those manuscripts can shed light on the most recent recompilations and reconstructions of these manuscripts. No survey on the emergence of contents statements in the Arabic manuscript tradition has yet been made. A focus on one author’s autograph corpus thus seems a more promising approach which generates verifiable results. Thus, it appears that Ibn Ṭūlūn’s contents statements were already standardised and would even be expanded by at least one (near-)contemporary.