bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Cachexia Diagnosed by New Definition for Asian People in Older Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Noda Takumi , Maekawa Emi , Maeda Daichi , Uchida Shota , Yamashita Masashi , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Nozaki Kohei , Saito Hiroshi , Saito Kazuya , Ogasahara Yuki , Konishi Masaaki , Kitai Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Jujo Kentaro , Wada Hiroshi , Kasai Takatoshi , Nagamatsu Hirofumi , Ozawa Tetsuya , Izawa Katsuya , Yamamoto Shuhei , Aizawa Naoki , Yonezawa Ryusuke , Oka Kazuhiro , Ako Junya , Momomura Shin‐ichi , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Matsue Yuya , Kamiya Kentaro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) proposed a new definition of cachexia; however, its impact on cachexia prevalence and overlaps with other conditions, such as sarcopenia and malnutrition, are unclear. We investigated these aspects and the prognostic value of cachexia based on the AWGC on mortality in older patients with heart failure (HF).MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort, namely, the FRAGILE‐HF cohort study. Older (≥ 65 years) patients who had been hospitalized due to decompensated HF were enrolled. We assessed the presence/absence of cachexia based on the AWGC and Evans' criteria. Sarcopenia and malnutrition based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria were also assessed to compare their prevalence and the overlaps between them. Patients were stratified in relation to the presence/absence of cachexia based on the AWGC criteria, and their mortality rates were compared.ResultsOf the 861 enrolled patients (median [interquartile range] age, 80 years [73–85 years]; male, 58.9%), cachexia, as evaluated based on the AWGC and Evans' criteria, sarcopenia and malnutrition, was present in 74.1%, 36.2%, 20.6% and 55.2% of patients, respectively. AWGC‐defined cachexia was most common in the four conditions. All‐cause death events occurred in 153 (18.1%) patients in 2 years. AWGC‐defined cachexia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHRs], 1.442; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.931–2.233; p = 0.101) was not associated with all‐cause mortality in older patients with HF after adjusting for other HF prognosis factors, such as the B‐type natriuretic peptide and the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic risk score, whereas cachexia evaluated based on Evans's criteria (aHRs, 1.547; 95% CI, 1.118–2.141; p = 0.009), sarcopenia (aHRs, 1.737; 95% CI, 1.214–2.485; p = 0.003), and malnutrition (aHRs, 1.581; 95% CI, 1.094–2.284; p = 0.015) was associated with all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThree‐quarters of older patients with HF had cachexia as evaluated by the AWGC criteria, and this was not associated with a worse prognosis. As the new AWGC cachexia criteria will result in a significantly larger proportion of patients being diagnosed with cachexia, the implementation of the criteria in clinical practice requires further consideration.Trial Registration: UMIN‐CTR unique identifier: UMIN000023929
Predoctoral US dental school applicants and first‐time, first‐year enrollees, 2023 Entering Class
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Istrate Emilia C. , Booker Carolyn , West Karen P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis article aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of applicants and first‐time, first‐year enrolled predoctoral oral health students in the 2023 Entering Class, while highlighting trends over the past decade.MethodsThe study employs a descriptive analysis of predoctoral US dental school application data sourced from the ADEA Associated American Dental Schools Application Service (ADEA AADSAS®) and Texas Medical and Dental Schools Application Services (TMDSAS) portals.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2023, the number of first‐time, first‐year enrollees increased by 14%. Applicant numbers rebounded post‐COVID pandemic and were 0.5% higher in 2023 compared to 2019. The proportion of female predoctoral applicants and first‐time, first‐year enrollees each increased by 11 percentage points over the last decade. Racial and ethnic diversity among first‐time, first‐year enrollees improved, particularly among Hispanic or Latino and Black or African American students, with both groups increasing by 51% between 2013 and 2023.ConclusionsThere has been a steady increase in first‐time, first‐year enrollees, reflecting growth in the number of US‐trained predoctoral oral health professionals. Applicant numbers have rebounded from the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic. The increase in the share of female dental school applicants and first‐time, first‐year enrollees has brought the gender distribution in predoctoral oral health programs more closely in line with that of postsecondary education. While progress has been made in terms of increased representation of historically underrepresented racial and ethnic (HURE) groups, much work remains to achieve greater representation.
Remote Sensing Data Assimilation to Improve the Seasonal Snow Cover Simulations Over the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Deng Gang , Liu Xiuguo , Shen Qikai , Zhang Tongchang , Chen Qihao , Tang Zhiguang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe reliability of seasonal snow cover information is constrained by limitation of in situ observations and uncertainties in remote sensing data and model simulations in alpine region, thus posing important challenges to understanding the climate system and water resource management in alpine region. Here, the assimilation of daily cloud‐free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalised difference snow index (NDSI) product into an intermediate complexity snow mass and energy balance model—Flexible Snow Model (version FSM2_MO)—was implemented. The aim is to improve the model simulations of seasonal snow cover (snow‐covered extent; SCE, snow depth; SD, snow water equivalent; SWE, and snowmelt runoff; SMR) in the alpine region (a case of the upper‐middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, Northwest China). The results indicate comprehensive improvement in the simulation of SCE, SD, and SMR in the study area through data assimilation, with the ability to significantly reduce prior biases of the FSM2_MO. Based on the independent daily cloud‐free Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SCE product, the updated SCE simulation (i.e., data assimilation) showed a reduction in mean absolute error (MAE) from 10.46% to 7.16%, root mean square error (RMSE) from 16.14% to 12.26%, and an increase in Pearson's correlation coefficient (CC) from 0.18 to 0.67 compared with the open loop simulation (i.e., without assimilation). The evaluation results of SD observation data showed that data assimilation improved SD simulation compared with the open loop run (OL). And utilising the monthly discharge observations at the Yingluoxia hydrological station, data assimilation slightly improved the SMR simulation. The updated SMR simulation achieved a CC of 0.91, Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.73, and Kling‐Gupta efficiency coefficient (KGE) of 0.76. Moreover, the Landsat 8‐derived snow cover map and Sentinel‐1‐derived SD also indicated that the updated simulation effectively filled in the missing snow cover and removed the superfluous snow cover predicted by the OL simulation in terms of spatial distribution.
Mapping Climatic Regions of the Cerrado: General Patterns and Future Change
Authors: Cattelan Luís Gustavo , Mattos Caio R. C. , Pamplona Matheus Bonifácio , Hirota Marina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Cerrado biome, renowned for its biodiversity and threatened by rapid land transformation, encompasses a vast savanna ecosystem in Brazil. The region is characterised by a seasonal climate, influenced by a myriad of meteorological systems creating diverse and non‐homogeneous rainfall regimes across the region. To account for this heterogeneity, we propose a novel classification of the Cerrado using rainfall data to delineate three distinct climatic regions: Eastern, Southern and Central‐West Cerrado. The Eastern region exhibited the driest and most seasonal climate, marked by high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and predominantly open‐canopy vegetation. Conversely, the Southern region, characterised by lower seasonality, boasts a higher proportion of forest cover and lower mean VPD. The Central‐West region, encompassing diverse landscapes, featured areas with higher precipitation levels, particularly along the Amazônia border. Furthermore, we conducted trend analyses on observed station data and used CMIP6 models to evaluate future scenarios under differing emissions trajectories. While observed trends in mean rainfall were marginal, VPD demonstrated a notable upward trend of approximately 1% annually throughout the biome. Climate models indicated a substantial drying close to the Amazônia border, and wetter conditions in the southeast. All Cerrado regions are anticipated to experience amplified seasonality and VPD, with VPD projected to surge by approximately 30% (60%) under low (high) emissions scenarios by the end of the century. Notably, the transition from the dry to wet season was the most affected. Our study provides critical insights on how the climatic heterogeneity of the Cerrado shapes vegetation structure distribution and how future changes will exacerbate water stress throughout the biome. These findings underscore the importance of understanding climate variability for effective conservation and management strategies in the region.
Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of 13 Sulfonamides in Soil by Matrix Solid‐Phase Dispersion With High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yuan JinPeng , Liu Chen , Jiang HaiLong , Zhou ZhaoTing , Xie Meng , Sun YouMin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSulfonamides, the most frequent antibacterial agent, are widely used due to their low cost and excellent antibacterial effect. With the emergence of the environment, the potential hazard to the ecological environment has attracted the great attention of humans. Based on matrix solid‐phase dispersion coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, an accurate, fast, and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of sulfonamides (SAs) in soil. Several influencing factors including the type of dispersants, the ratio of sample‐to‐sorbent, eluents, and solvent volume were investigated, and the matrix effects were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r) exceeding 0.996. The limit of detection (based on signal‐to‐noise ratio [S/N] = 3) and limit of quantification (based on S/N = 10) were 0.024–0.058 and 0.079–0.195 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranging from 70.12% to 123.63% were obtained with a relative standard deviation of less than 15% at three levels (20, 40, and 200 µg/kg). The developed method was successfully applied to analyze 13 SAs at trace levels in a real soil sample. This proposed method would be an alternative and suitable for routine application in the future owing to its rapidity, sensitivity, and affordability.
Rapid Characterization of the Constituents in Classic Chinese Medicine Formula Guyinjian Using Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography With Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Gang , Ge Nan , Yang Le , Sun Hui , Sun Ye , Yan Guangli , Han Ying , Li Xiang , Wang Xijun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGuyinjian (GYJ) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, ovulation disorders, immuno‐sterility, oligomenorrhea with kidney deficiency, and so forth. Due to the unclear chemical components of GYJ, the elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism, and the comprehensive development and utilization of GYJ in clinical is being restricted. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐tandem mass spectrometry combined with the Progenesis QI platform and using reference standards, online and self‐built databases matching, fragmentation rules analysis of mass spectrometry peaks, a total of 235 compounds were preliminarily characterized, including 69 flavonoids, 65 terpenoids, 34 phenylpropanoids, 22 saccharides, sugar esters, and glycosides, 15 organic acids, and 30 others. These compounds may reflect the chemical properties of GYJ. The method established in this study can systematically, rapidly, and accurately resolve the chemical components in GYJ, which lays the foundation for further establishment of the pharmacodynamic substance basis and quality control.
Follow‐up Trends in Patients Undergoing Modified Wendler Glottoplasty
Authors: Bowers Ian D. , Ma Yue , Crosby Tyler W. , Rosen Clark A. , Stockton Steven D. , Schneider Sarah L. , Young VyVy N. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesAfter modified Wendler glottoplasty (mWG), close follow‐up with laryngologist and speech‐language pathologist (SLP) is thought to be essential to achieve best outcomes. This study presents a case series of patients undergoing mWG at a single institution to identify factors associated with trends in post‐operative follow‐up.MethodsRetrospective review of trans women patients who underwent mWG between March 2018 and July 2023 was performed. Demographic data, pre‐operative care, and post‐operative course were reviewed. Lost to follow‐up (LTFU) was defined as a failure to return to the office or schedule a follow‐up appointment as recommended, for ≥2 months after last visit. Logistic regressions were utilized to identify possible factors associated with being LTFU.ResultsEight (50%) of 16 patients met LTFU criteria. Patients were considered not LTFU if they completed care (n = 3, 19%) or were still undergoing care (n = 5, 31%). Patients with chronic diseases were less likely to become LTFU (p = 0.03). Those lost to follow‐up had more no‐show visits (p = 0.04). Total number of gender‐affirming surgeries, distance from hospital, socioeconomic status of residential zip code, race/ethnicity, other psychological history, and patient‐reported outcome measure scores did not affect LTFU rates.ConclusionFifty percent of patients were LTFU after modified Wendler glottoplasty. Even one no‐show visit increased risk of being LTFU, whereas the presence of chronic diseases was protective against this. This study illustrates that increased efforts are needed following mWG to better understand the factors associated with being LTFU and to facilitate patients' ability to complete post‐operative care successfully.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Airway Management With Congenital Tracheal Stenosis: Surgical and Anesthetic Consideration
Authors: Kanavitoon Sawita , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate demographic data and airway management techniques for patients with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.Study DesignA retrospective chart review.MethodsThis study was a retrospective case series at a single tertiary care pediatric medical center. It encompassed all children diagnosed with CTS who underwent slide tracheoplasty from January 2001 through December 2018. Exclusion criteria were acquired stenosis, tracheomalacia, patients without a confirmed diagnosis of CTS, and those with missing data. Patient demographics and details of airway management were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 148 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common etiology of CTS was congenital tracheal rings (90.5%). The median age at surgery was 9 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3.3–35.4), and the median stenosis length was 4.0 cm (IQR 3.5–5.4). The most frequent comorbidities were genetic diseases, prematurity, and preoperative intubation. The most common related cardiac comorbidities were pulmonary artery sling, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot. Most of the patients with CTS exhibited 50% to 80% stenosis. Most of the patients underwent thoracic approach slide tracheoplasty. Airway management was primarily accomplished using an oral or nasal endotracheal tube preoperatively, cardiopulmonary bypass during surgical repair, and an oral or nasal endotracheal tube during closure and the postoperative period.ConclusionsSlide tracheoplasty is an effective treatment for congenital tracheal stenosis. Coordinated airway management between the anesthesia and surgical teams is crucial. Appropriate planning yields the best patient outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Interaction Parameters of Some Polymers Used in Nuclear Power Plants with Ionizing Radiation, Produced Secondary Radiations and Radiation Damages
Authors: Akman Ferdi , Oğul Hasan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe primary interactions of polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polychloroprene (CR) and polyurethane (PUR) polymers preferred in the nuclear industry with gamma and neutron radiations, secondary radiations formed after neutron interactions and damages given to polymers by these ionizing radiations are investigated. The gamma interaction parameters Were determined in the photon energy range of 0.03‐20 MeV using WinXCOM, GEANT4 and FLUKA methods. Also, energy absorption and exposure buildup factors and Kerma parameters are calculated at different photon energies. To investigate the interactions of the studied polymers with neutron, the effective removal cross‐section for fast neutrons with theoretical and the partial neutron rates passing through the studied polymer at 4.5 MeV, 100 eV and 0.025 eV energies are determined with simulation codes. The numbers of secondary gamma‐rays and neutrons Were obtained with GEANT4. The Total Ionizing Dose and Displacements per Atom parameters are studied with the help of FLUKA simulation. It is observed that the interaction of PVC polymer with gamma radiation and PP polymer with neutron particles is higher than the others. The secondary radiation from PVC and CR is less. The PP, PVA, and EVA exhibit superior resistance to radiation damage.
Surface Engineering of Polymeric Colloidal Crystals by Temperature – Pressure Annealing
Authors: Varghese Jeena , Babacic Visnja , Pochylski Mikolaj , Gapinski Jacek , Butt Hans‐Juergen , Fytas George , Graczykowski Bartlomiej 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymer colloidal crystals (PCCs) have been widely explored as acoustic and optical metamaterials and as templates for nanolithography. However, fabrication impurities and fragility of the self‐assembled structures are critical bottlenecks for the device's efficiency and applications. We have demonstrated that temperature‐assisted pressure [ annealing results in the mechanical strengthening of PCCs, which improves with the annealing temperature. Here, the enhancement of elastic properties and morphological features of self‐assembled PCC's is evaluated using Brillouin light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The pressure‐induced effects on the vibrational modes of PCCs are also illustrated at temperatures well below the polymer glass transition. While the PCCs colloid constituents display reversibility, the PCC material is strongly irreversible in the performed thermodynamic cycle. The effective elastic modulus enhances from 0.7 GPa for the pristine sample to 0.8 GPa, solely by pressure annealing at room temperature. [ annealing at higher temperatures leads to a maximum effective elastic modulus of 1.7 GPa, more than twice the value in the pristine sample. Above a cross‐over pressure, 725 bar at 348 K), the PCCs respond elastically and, hence, reversibly to pressure changes.
Varying the Core Topology in All‐Glycidol Hyperbranched Polyglycerols: Synthesis and Physical Characterization
Authors: Pagnacco Carlo Andrea , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Maestro Armando , González de San Román Estíbaliz , Lund Reidar , Barroso‐Bujans Fabienne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the present study, low molecular weight cyclic polyglycidol is used as a macroinitiator for hypergrafting glycidol and producing cyclic graft hyperbranched polyglycerol (cPG‐g‐hbPG) in the molecular weight range of 103–106 g mol−1. Linear graft hyperbranched polyglycerol (linPG‐g‐hbPG) and hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) are prepared as reference samples. This creates a family of hbPG structures with cyclic, linear, and star cores, allowing to evaluate their properties in solution and in bulk. The morphology study of the high molecular weight structures using atomic force microscopy revealed a spherical shape for cPG‐g‐hbPG and hbPG, and a cylindrical shape for linPG‐g‐hbPG in the nanometric range. Small angle X‐ray scattering confirmed the compact particle‐like structure of this family of hbPG architectures. Interestingly, the glass transition temperature showed a structure dependence, with cPG‐g‐hbPG having the highest values and hbPG having the lowest values for the same molecular weight. This study is a step forward in the generation of water‐soluble polymers with tailored structure and functionality for advanced applications.
Diffusion‐derived intravoxel‐incoherent motion anisotropy relates to CSF and blood flow
Authors: Voorter Paulien H. M. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , van der Thiel Merel M. , van Dinther Maud , Postma Alida A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Gurney‐Champion Oliver J. , Drenthen Gerhard S. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the feasibility of multi‐b‐value, multi‐directional diffusion MRI for assessing the anisotropy of the cerebral pseudo‐diffusion (D*)‐tensor. We examine D*‐tensor's potential to (1) reflect CSF and blood flow, and (2) detect microvascular architectural alterations in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and aging.MethodsMulti‐b‐value diffusion MRI was acquired in 32 gradient directions for 11 healthy volunteers, and in six directions for 29 patients with cSVD and 14 controls at 3 T. A physics‐informed neural network was used to estimate intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)–DTI model parameters, including the parenchymal slow diffusion (D‐)tensor and the pseudo‐diffusion (D*)‐tensor, from which the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were derived. Comparisons of D*‐tensor metrics were made between lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and between the middle cerebral arteries and superior sagittal sinus. Group differences in D*‐tensor metrics in normal‐appearing white matter were analyzed using multivariable linear regression, correcting for age and sex.ResultsD*‐anisotropy aligned well with CSF flow and arterial blood flow. FA(D*), MD(D*), AD(D*), and RD(D*) were highest in the third, moderate in the fourth, and lowest in the lateral ventricles. The arteries showed higher MD(D*), AD(D*), and RD(D*) than the sagittal sinus. Higher FA(D*) in the normal‐appearing white matter was related to cSVD diagnosis and older age, suggesting microvascular architecture alterations.ConclusionMulti‐b‐value, multi‐directional diffusion analysis using the IVIM–DTI model enables assessment of the cerebral microstructure, fluid flow, and microvascular architecture, providing information on neurodegeneration, glymphatic waste clearance, and the vasculature in one measurement.