bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammals repel mosquitoes with their tails
Authors: Matherne Marguerite E. , Cockerill Kasey , Zhou Yiyang , Bellamkonda Mihir , Hu David L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe swinging of a mammal's tail has long been thought to deter biting insects, which, in cows, can drain up to 0.3 liters of blood per day. How effective is a mammal's tail at repelling insects? In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we filmed horses, zebras, elephants, giraffes and dogs swinging their tails. The tail swings at triple the frequency of a gravity-driven pendulum, and requires 27 times more power input. Tails can also be used like a whip to directly strike at insects. This whip-like effect requires substantial torques from the base of the tail on the order of 101–102 N m, comparable to the torque of a sedan, but still within the physical limits of the mammal. Based on our findings, we designed and built a mammal tail simulator to simulate the swinging of the tail. The simulator generates mild breezes of 1 m s–1, comparable to a mosquito's flight speed, and sufficient to deter up to 50% of mosquitoes from landing. This study may help us determine new mosquito-repelling strategies that do not depend on chemicals.
Management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures
Authors: Yang X. , Meng H. , Quan Q. , Peng J. , Lu S. , Wang A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe incidence of acute Achilles tendon rupture appears to be increasing. The aim of this study was to summarize various therapies for acute Achilles tendon rupture and discuss their relative merits.MethodsA PubMed search about the management of acute Achilles tendon rupture was performed. The search was open for original manuscripts and review papers limited to publication from January 2006 to July 2017. A total of 489 papers were identified initially and finally 323 articles were suitable for this review.ResultsThe treatments of acute Achilles tendon rupture include operative and nonoperative treatments. Operative treatments mainly consist of open repair, percutaneous repair, mini-open repair, and augmentative repair. Traditional open repair has lower re-rupture rates with higher risks of complications. Percutaneous repair and mini-open repair show similar re-rupture rates but lower overall complication rates when compared with open repair. Percutaneous repair requires vigilance against nerve damage. Functional rehabilitation combining protected weight-bearing and early controlled motion can effectively reduce re-rupture rates with satisfactory outcomes. Biological adjuncts help accelerating tendon healing by adhering rupture ends or releasing highly complex pools of signalling factors.ConclusionThe optimum treatment for complete rupture remains controversial. Both mini-open repair and functional protocols are attractive alternatives, while biotherapy is a potential future development. Cite this article: X. Yang, H. Meng, Q. Quan, J. Peng, S. Lu, A. Wang. Management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: A review. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:561–569. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.710.BJR-2018-0004.R2.
Handcraft as luxury in Bangladesh: Weaving jamdani in the twenty-first century
Authors: Ashmore Sonia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The practice of making things by hand in the Indian subcontinent is centuries old. Many, if not most, artefacts were handcrafted until the late twentieth century and some are still. From handwoven textiles made from handspun and hand-dyed cloth, printed and embroidered by hand; to brass water pots beaten out by hand, making a deafening noise, and handloom carpet weaving in the Indian town of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. Many of these crafts and their associated livelihoods are now almost extinct or under threat (Radzan 2007). By the late seventeenth century, Bengal in Western India had become the centre of a worldwide silk and cotton textile trade, notably in the largescale hand production of muslin and jamdani – exceptionally fine plain and figured woven cottons made specifically in the area around Dhaka, capital of independent Bangladesh since 1971. In the late eighteenth century, Dhaka, then part of Bengal, also had royal workshops devoted to producing fine cotton muslins exclusively for royal consumption (Latif 1997: 43). A length of Mulmul khas, or ‘special muslin’, measuring 22 yards by one yard (20.11 × 0.91 metres) took up to six months to weave. It could only be made when the air was moist enough to prevent the fibres from breaking. With a drastic decline in fine handweaving, however, the exceptional textile traditions of Bangladesh today are precarious. This article focuses on the situation of jamdani weaving, indigenous to a specific geographical area now in Bangladesh; it argues that the survival of traditional muslin and jamdani making has to be considered not as a ‘folk craft’, but as the production of the refined luxury fabric it was historically. While there are other traditional textiles being made by hand in Bangladesh today, this short article will focus on the handweaving of jamdani.
Becoming ethical through relational interaction: An examination of a performance among internally displaced persons in Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Taiwo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ethics is a set of moral principles that seeks to guide researchers from harming those they research. These moral principles aim to protect humanity, establish and sustain a progressive value system that respects and promotes human dignity. Although how ethical consideration is envisioned can be universal, how it is enacted and performed can be relative. It is based on certain contingences that are culturally specific and peculiar. In this article, I argue that irrespective of the universality of some ethical considerations, relational interaction becomes a guiding principle that makes how ethical protocols are achieved relative. Relational interaction emphasizes the other over oneself; hence, it is not transactional. It has at its core quality interaction because it does not maximize self-interest to the detriment of the other. Thus, as varied as these ethical issues are, I argue that what stands at the heart of any appropriate ethical protocol is qualitative humanistic interaction established on values of human dignity, respect, quality welfare, empathy and justice. The idea of relational interaction fosters collaboration, understanding, communication and relationship. These universal ethical protocols are advanced in specific ways as cultures interact and people interpret value systems. I investigate how ethical nuances were explored through performances in internally displaced people camps in Nigeria. Ethical protocol is another performance that positions artists to be responsible and be held responsible for moral practices. I conclude that relational interaction poses a dialogic, responsible, accountable and construction of self in relations to alterity and cultural ethos.
Medium Chain and Long Chain Alkanes Hydroxylase Producing Whole Cell Biocatalyst From Marine Bacteria
Authors: Thontowi Ahmad , Yetti Elvi , Yopi Yopi 
Published: October 2018

Alkanes are major component of crude oil that could be hydrolyzed by the enzyme of alkane hydroxylase. The are three types of alkane hydroxylase based on the chain length of alkane such as short-chain length/SCL (C2-C4), medium-chain length/MCL (C5-C17), and long-chain length/LCL (C>18). The aims of this study were to characterize and identify alkanes-degrading bacteria from these bacteria. The 30 strains from marine were grown on MCL (Pentane-C5H12, Decane-C10H22, and Pentadecane-C15H32) and LCL (n-Paraffin-C12H19C17 and branch of Pristane-C19H40). The study showed twenty-nine isolates have the ability to degrade alkanes compounds, whereas 14 isolates have grown ability on MCL and LCL medium, 11 isolates have the ability to grow on MCL and n-LCL, 3 isolates have the ability only to grow on MCL medium and 1 isolate has the ability only grow on n-LCL medium. The growth test result indicated that 29 isolates have medium-chain alkane monooxygenase and long-chain alkane hydroxylase. Based on 16S rDNA gene analysis, we obtained twenty nine of oil- degrading bacteria, namely a-proteobacteria (57 %), g-proteobacteria (30 %), Flavobacteria (7 %), Bacilli (3%) and Propionibacteriales (3 %). g-Proteobacteria and a-proteobacteria which seems to play an important role in the alkane biodegradation.
PL-016 Endurance training, muscle fibre type composition and the maximal capacity for fat oxidation
Authors: Shaw Chris , Swinton Courtney , Morales Scholz Maria Gabriela , Erftemeyer Tasman , Aldous Andrew , Murphy Robyn , Howlett Kirsten 
Published: October 2018

Objective A greater capacity for fat oxidation in endurance trained athletes is linked to greater utilisation of intramuscular lipid (IMCL). IMCL breakdown occurs only in type I muscle fibres yet little is known about the fibre type specific abundance of lipid regulatory proteins. We explored the impact of endurance training on the maximal rate fat oxidation, muscle fibre type and muscle fibre type specific abundance of proteins regulating IMCL metabolism.
Methods Endurance trained (n=7, 28 ± 3 years, VO2max62.6 ± 1.6 ml·min-1·kg-1) and untrained (n=8, 25 ± 1 years, VO2max44.9 ± 1.9 ml·min-1·kg-1) males performed an incremental exercise test to determine maximal fat oxidation rate. Muscle fibre type composition and fibre type-specific IMCL content was assessed with immunofluorescence microscopy and protein abundance was analysed with immunoblotting on pooled single muscle fibres and whole muscle.
Results Endurance trained individuals displayed a higher peak fat oxidation rate (0.49 ± 0.05 vs. 0.20 ± 0.03 g·min-1, P<0.05), which correlated with type I fibre percentage (R = 0.83, P < 0.01) and VO2max (R = 0.78, P < 0.01). Type I muscle fibres from endurance trained individuals had a greater abundance of ATGL. In whole muscle, the endurance trained group had greater abundance of PLIN2, PLIN5 and ATGL compared to the untrained group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, autophagy flux measured as LC3-II/I ratio was higher in type I muscle fibres and LC3-II/I, lysosomal markers (LAMP2) and chaperone-mediated autophagy markers (LAMP2A) were all higher in whole muscle of endurance trained individuals (P < 0.05).
Conclusions These results demonstrate that the maximal rate of fat oxidation is related to the proportion of type I muscle fibres. Furthermore, IMCL storage and the abundance of key proteins regulating lipid metabolism is fibre type specific and greater in endurance trained individuals. Muscle fibre type composition should be considered when investigating the regulation of IMCL utilisation and markers of autophagy.
OR-012 The Regulation of NF-κB-TNF-α/IDO/5-HT Axis by Aerobic Exercise against Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in CUMS Depressive Mice
Authors: Qu Honglin , Chen Jiaqin , Liu Ruilian , Chen Wei , Li Di , Peng QI 
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effect of aerobic exercise on the anti-chronic stress depression and the key metabolic enzymes indoleamine 2,3 peroxidase (IDO) of tryptophan and kynurenine pathway.
Methods Adopt the method of random numbers to make depression modelling for mice with 1 or 2 kinds of stimulating factors for 28 days in view of the 13 kinds of chronic stress stimulation. Collect and analyse motionless time for FST and TST of mice by using the Noldus EthoVision XT9 system. Test the serum factor level of laboratory mice with Cusabio imported IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α kit. Make real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR verification of the mRNA expression and protein expression level of IDO, 5-HT, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus.
Results After 4 weeks of chronic stress stimulation, the motionless time for FST and TST of mice in the Model Group obviously prolonged (p<0.05). The bioactivity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus increased. The mRNA expression of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus increased, while the mRNA expression of 5-HT decreased (p<0.01). Aerobic exercise can shorten the motionless time of mice, inhibit the activity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α, reduce the mRNA expression quantity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α and enhance the expression of 5-HT.
Conclusions Aerobic exercise has an antidepressant effect on mice for chronic stress depression, which is related to the IDO activation induced by inhibit inflammatory cytokines. Aerobic exercise may inhibit the NF-ƙB to reduce the pathway of tryptophan and kynurenine, affect the direct and indirect induced effect of IDO, and adjust its activity and expression.
OR-026 Exercise induces HIF-1α redistribution in the small intestine
Authors: Wu Die , Cao Wei , Luo Beibei , Xiang Dao , Chen Peijie 
Published: October 2018

Objective Intestinal epithelial cells are positioned between an anaerobic lumen and a highly metabolic lamina propria, affected by reduced blood flow and tissue hypoxia. Exercise induces blood flow redistribution, leading to hypoperfusion and gastrointestinal (GI) compromise. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is pivotal in the transcriptional response to oxygen flux. In this study, we hypothesized that exercise induces GI system hypoxia and accumulates HIF-1α.
Methods (1) ROSA26 ODD-Luc/+ mouse model (ODD-Luc) was used to detect HIF-1α expression in the intestine (female, 8-week, n=6/group). ODD-Luc mice were randomized into 4 groups: stayed in 21% O2 as the normoxic control (C), exercise (E), injected HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 before swimming (PS), placed in the chamber containing 9% O2 for 4 hours as the positive control (PC). (2) Exercise models were conducted by volume: Moderate Exercise (ME): mice voluntarily swam for 30 min; Heavy-intensity Exercise (HE): mice swam for 1.5 hours with 5% body weight loads attached to their tails; Long-time Exercise (LE): mice voluntarily swam for 3 hours or till fatigue.
Results (1) Exercise increased HIF-1α in the abdominal area. The luciferase activities boosted after exercise, compared to the controls (ME v.s. C, P<0.05; HE v.s. C, P<0.05; LE v.s. C, P<0.05) but no differences among three exercise groups (ME v.s. HE, P>0.99; ME v.s. LE, P>0.99; HE v.s. LE, P>0.99); (2) Exercise altered HIF-1α distribution in the small intestine in a time-dependent manner. The expression of HIF-1α was significantly increased after exercise and gradually reduced to the rest level. The photons increased at the 0th hour after exercise compared to that of the normoxic control (P<0.01). The level of photons then reduced over time, while the 2nd, 4th and 6th hour post-exercise were still greater than that of the normoxic control (2nd hour v.s. C, P<0.01; 4th hour v.s. C, P<0.01; 6th hour v.s. C, P<0.05), and returned to normal after 24 hours (24th hour v.s. C, P>0.99).
Conclusions Exercise induced the distribution of HIF-1α in the small intestine. The expression of HIF-1α is shown in a time-dependent manner after exercise.
OR-041 Infection of Different Altitudes on College Students’ Body Shape
Authors: Qiu Xiaoxia , Zhao Jin 
Published: October 2018

Objective Considering that guizhou is located in a plateau region with various gradient altitude,and we have never seen any relevant report on the study of different altitudes influence the students'physical fitness at home or abroad. the aim of this research is the author runs a normal physical fitness test on native 774 non-PE major students who all comes from different altitudes 774, so as to provide reference standard for promoting the health of the students group.
Methods literature data, fitness testing, statistic, and logic analysis.
Results 1、There was no obvious consistency between the height change of students in different atitudes indicating that the influence of different altitude environments on the height of students was not obvious.2、Most of the students on the plateau show the thickness of the skinfold is the thickest , while the thickness of the skinfold of students on the plain and the subplateau is different and irregular. 3. There was no significant difference in the chest circumference of the four groups of students at three altitudes, indicating that the environment at different altitudes had no significant influence on the development of the respiratory organs and chest muscles of the students. 4. The waist circumference of the three groups showed no obvious pattern, indicating that the environment at different altitude had no significant influence on the waist circumference. 5. The waist-hip range of female students on the plateau is relatively high, while other students are in the ideal range. 6. The BMI of all the students in the three places is within the range of 18.5 ~ 22.9, that is, all the students in the three places are in the normal range.
Conclusions altitude has no significant effect on students'height, chest circumference, waist circumference and BMI. The thickness of skinfold of students on plateau is thicker than that of plain and subplateau students. The waist-hip range of female students on the plateau is relatively high, while other students are in the ideal range.
OR-056 No cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in young healthy adult
Authors: Duan Rui , Liu Timon Cheng-Yi , Zhang Quan-Guang 
Published: October 2018

Objective Svatikova et al. (2015) in JAMA have conducted a randomized trial of cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in healthy adults, and found it significantly increased levels of blood pressure and catecholamines in young healthy adults. Their data were re-analyzed in terms of fractal self-similarity and quantitative difference (QD) in this paper.
Methods 1. The logarithm to base golden section τ (lt) is called golden logarithm. It was found that σ=ltσ ≈ 0.710439287156503. 2. For a process from x1 to x2, lx(1,2)=lt(x2/x1) and its absolute vale are called the process logarithm and its QD, QDx(1,2). There are QD threshold values (αx,βx,γx) of function x which can be calculated in terms of σ. The function x is kept to be constant if QDx(1,2) < αx. A function in/far from its function-specific homeostasis is called a normal/dysfunctional function. A normal function can resist a disturbance under its threshold so that QDx(1,2) < βx. A dysfunctional function is defined as the QD is significant if βx ≦QDx(1,2) < γx and extraordinarily significant if QDx(1,2) ≧ γx. 3. Self-similarity was studied in the fractal literature: a pattern is self-similar if it does not vary with spatial or temporal scale. First-order self-similarity condition leads to the power law between two data sets A = {xi} and B = {yi}; yi = ai xi if the QDi of ai and the average of {ai} is smaller than βmin=min{βi} and the average QD of {QDi} is smaller than αmin=min{αi}. 4. The σ algorithm for integrative biology was established based on high-order self-similarity.
Results The 18 dimension data set consisted of all the 18 parameters. The first-order self-similarity held for the 18 dimension data sets between after and before for placebo or energy drink, and between placebo and energy drink for the 18 dimension ratio data set of after to before.
Conclusions There may be no cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in young healthy adult.
PO-047 Expression of Aromatase and Synthesis of Sex Steroid Hormones in Skeletal Muscle Following Exercise Training in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Shi Rengfei , Tian Xiangyang , Zhang Quanguang , Cheng Zepeng , Feng Yu 
Published: October 2018

Objective Age-related muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is accompanied by a decrease in estrogen levels which can compromise the health of aging women. Recent studies have shown that the key enzyme of estrogen synthesis (aromatase) is detected in the skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on the expression of aromatase and the synthesis of sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle following exercise training.
Methods Fourteen female ovariectomized rats were divided into two groups, treadmill running (n=7) and sedentary (n=7) group. Exercise training on a treadmill (25 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week) for 5 weeks. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect estradiol and aromatase levels in soleus muscle and plantar muscle. Detected the expression of AKT, Aromatase, FoxO1, MyoD protein level by Western blotting.
Results We found that in ovariectomized rats, exercise training significantly increased the soleus and plantar muscles mass. The level of aromatase expression and 17-b-estradiol (E2) were increased significantly in skeletal muscle following exercise training(P < 0.05). In addition, the down-stream Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway was significantly regulated in both soleus and plantaris muscles following exercise(P< 0.05).
Conclusions These results demonstrate that exercise training increased the expression of aromatase and local estrogen production in skeletal muscle, which potentially influences skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats through activation of Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway.
PO-063 Exercise alleviates insulin resistance by regulating MG53 and IR/IRS/AKT/mTOR signaling in db/db mice skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ding Shuzhe , Sun Yi 
Published: October 2018

Objective In the current study, we aim to investigate whether 12-week treadmill exercise alleviates insulin resistance and muscle atrophy, and to explore whether MG53 along with IR/IRS/AKT/mTOR cascade play a role in the physiopathological changes of db/db mice.
Methods 20 db/db mice and 20 age-matched non-diabetic m/m mice were assigned to 4 groups as MC (m/m control) group, ME (m/m exercise) group, DC (db/db control) group and DE (db/db exercise) group. After an intervention of treadmill exercise of moderate intensity for 12 weeks, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and lipid metabolic profile were determined using blood samples. Skeletal muscles were utilized for determination of cross-sectional area (CSA), protein level detection of MG53 and insulin signaling pathway.
Results Compared with MC mice, the AUC (areas under curve) of IPGTT (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test) and IPITT (intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test) as well as HOMA-IR were significantly increased, and lipid parameters (serum triglyceride and total cholesterol) increased significantly in DC group. The upregulation of MG53 protein in different skeletal muscles (quadriceps, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle) could be observed in DC mice. Phosphorylated proteins of IR-β (β subunit of insulin receptor), IRS1, AKT (protein kinase B), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), p70S6k and S6 ribosomal protein after acute insulin stimulation were downregulated with significance, whereas no significant difference was found in total protein levels of IR-β and AKT except IRS1 in DC group. The results of AUC of IPGTT and IPITT, HOMA-IR and serum lipid parameters in DE group were significantly decreased compared with DC group. 12-week moderate exercise was sufficient to downregulate the expression of MG53 in skeletal muscles of diabetic db/db mice. In addition, treadmill exercise-induced improvement of insulin signal transduction and insulin-dependent protein synthesis may partially account for the heavier muscle mass and larger muscle size.
Conclusions In summary, insulin resistance and muscle atrophy of diabetic db/db mice could be effectively attenuated by 12-week moderate treadmill exercise by regulating MG53, MG53-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRS1 and insulin signaling transduction.