bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaking on Data’s Behalf: What Researchers Say and How Audiences Choose
Authors: Chandler Jesse J. , Martinez Ignacio , Finucane Mariel M. , Terziev Jeffrey G. , Resch Alexandra M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Bayesian statistics have become popular in the social sciences, in part because they are thought to present more useful information than traditional frequentist statistics. Unfortunately, little is known about whether or how interpretations of frequentist and Bayesian results differ. Objectives: We test whether presenting Bayesian or frequentist results based on the same underlying data influences the decisions people made. Research design: Participants were randomly assigned to read Bayesian and frequentist interpretations of hypothetical evaluations of new education technologies of various degrees of uncertainty, ranging from posterior probabilities of 99.8% to 52.9%, which have equivalent frequentist p values of .001 and .65, respectively. Subjects: Across three studies, 933 U.S. adults were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who recommended adopting the new technology. We also measured respondents’ certainty in their choice and (in Study 3) how easy it was to understand the results. Results: When presented with Bayesian results, participants were more likely to recommend switching to the new technology. This finding held across all degrees of uncertainty, but especially when the frequentist results reported a p value >.05. Those who recommended change based on Bayesian results were more certain about their choice. All respondents reported that the Bayesian display was easier to understand. Conclusions: Presenting the same data in either frequentist or Bayesian terms can influence the decisions that people make. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the impact of the statistical results on how audiences interpret evaluation results.
Continuous monitoring of membrane lung carbon dioxide removal during ECMO: experimental testing of a new volumetric capnometer
Authors: Montalti Alice , Belliato Mirko , Gelsomino Sandro , Nalon Sandro , Matteucci Francesco , Parise Orlando , de Jong Monique , Makhoul Maged , Johnson Daniel M , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: March 2019

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation constitutes a complex support modality, and accurate monitoring is required. An ideal monitoring system should promptly detect ECMO malfunctions and provide real-time information to optimize the patient–machine interactions. We tested a new volumetric capnometer which enables continuous monitoring of membrane lung carbon dioxide removal (V′CO2ML), to help in estimating the oxygenator performance, in terms of CO2 removal and oxygenator dead space (VDsML). Methods: This study was conducted on nine pigs undergoing veno-arterial ECMO due to cardiogenic shock after induced acute myocardial infarction. The accuracy and reliability of the prototype of the volumetric capnometer (CO2RESET™, by Eurosets srl, Medolla, Italy) device was evaluated for V′CO2ML and VDsML measurements by comparing the obtained measurements from the new device to a control capnometer with the sweep gas values. Measurements were taken at five different levels of gas flow/blood flow ratio (0.5-1.5). Agreement between the corresponding measurements was taken with the two methods. We expected that 95% of differences were between d − 1.96s and d + 1.96s. Results: In all, 120 coupled measurements from each device were obtained for the V′CO2ML calculation and 40 for the VDsML. The new capnometer mean percentage bias (95% confidence interval limits of agreement) was 3.86% (12.07-4.35%) for V′CO2ML and 2.62% (8.96-14.20%) for VDsML. A negative proportional bias for V′CO2ML estimation with the new device was observed with a mean of 3.86% (12.07-4.35%). No correlations were found between differences in the coupled V′CO2ML and VDsML measurements and the gas flow/blood flow ratio or temperature. Coupled measurements for V′CO2ML showed strong correlation (rs = 0.991; p = 0.0005), as did VDsML calculations (rs = 0.973; p = 0.0005). Conclusion: The volumetric capnometer is reliable for continuous monitoring of CO2 removal by membrane lung and VDsML calculations. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data.
Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound After Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Transplantation for Bone-Tendon Healing in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Chen Can , Zhang Tao , Liu Fei , Qu Jin , Chen Yang , Fan Silong , Chen Huabin , Sun Lunquan , Zhao Chunfeng , Hu Jianzhong , Lu Hongbin 
Published: March 2019

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as a safe biophysiotherapy, can enhance bone-tendon (B-T) healing in vivo and induce osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. This study aimed to determine whether LIPUS can improve the efficacy of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells on B-T healing. Hypothesis: LIPUS can induce lineage-specific differentiation of transplanted adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) at the B-T healing site, thus resulting in superior healing quality when compared with LIPUS or ASCs alone. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 112 mature rabbits with partial patellectomy in the hindlimb were randomly assigned into mock sonication without ASCs (control), ultrasonication without ASCs (LIPUS), mock sonication with ASCs (ASCs), and ultrasonication with ASCs (LIPUS + ASCs). The treatment time of the mock sonication or ultrasonication was 20 minutes per day. Autologous ASCs were transplanted to the healing site by fibrin glue during the operation, and LIPUS was delivered daily starting at postoperative day 3 until euthanasia. The patella–patellar tendon junctions were postoperatively harvested at 8 and 16 weeks for radiological, histological, and mechanical evaluations. Additionally, 9 animals were used for ASC tracking with mCherry protein. Results: Radiologically, there was more new bone formation and remodeling in the LIPUS + ASCs group as compared with the other groups. Synchrotron radiation micro–computed tomography showed that the LIPUS + ASCs group significantly increased bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number at the healing site as compared with the other groups at postoperative 8 weeks ( P < .05 for all). Histologically, immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the transplanted mCherry-ASCs can differentiate into osteoblasts and fibrochondrocytic-like cells. Meanwhile, as compared with the other groups, the LIPUS + ASCs group showed more formation and maturity of the fibrocartilage layer and new bone at postoperative weeks 8 and 16 ( P < .05 for all). Biomechanically, the LIPUS + ASCs group showed significantly higher failure load and stiffness versus the other groups at postoperative weeks 8 and 16 ( P < .05 for all). Conclusion: Autologous ASC transplantation stimulated with LIPUS can result in superior B-T healing quality when compared with LIPUS or ASCs alone. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using ASC transplantation stimulated with LIPUS for B-T healing and provides a foundation for future clinical studies.
A Qualitative Study of Independent Home Visits by Hospice Fellows: Addressing Gaps in ACGME Milestones by Fostering Reflection and Self-Assessment
Authors: Samala Renato V. , Hoeksema Laura J. , Colbert Colleen Y. 
Published: March 2019

Background: With the rapid growth in the number of fellowship programs in Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM), many are in the process of developing ways to demonstrate that fellows are attaining educational milestones. Reflection and self-assessment are key components of 2 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies, practice-based learning and improvement, and systems-based practice, which have both been historically challenging to learn and assess. Objective: This article describes results of a content analysis of narrative data collected from HPM fellows’ self-assessments as they performed hospice home visits independently in a new clinical rotation. Design: This was a prospective qualitative study. Settings/Participants: Eight fellows completed 217 unsupervised hospice home visits from 2014 to 2016. Measurements: Fellows completed weekly self-assessment forms, which captured both clinical visit information and practice data elicited from responses to open-ended reflection prompts. Results: Analysis of 29 self-assessment forms generated 6 themes: patient- and family-centered care, self-efficacy, systems-based care, commitment to doing their best, catalyst for professional growth, and purpose and meaning in work. The fellows recognized numerous barriers distinct to providing care in homes. All fellows felt prepared to perform home visits throughout the rotation and after training. Conclusions: Narrative data collected during the independent home visit rotation provided evidence that HPM fellows detected gaps in their performance, planned for practice improvements in subsequent visits, and valued working within an interprofessional team. Built-in opportunities for fellows to reflect during training are critical in meeting ACGME milestones, and are integral to their professional development.
Microbial Quality of Drinking Water and Prevalence of Water-Related Diseases in Marigat Urban Centre, Kenya
Authors: Osiemo Mercy Mandere , Ogendi George Morara , M’Erimba Charles 
Published: March 2019

Background: Accessibility to potable water is a fundamental right for dignity and well-being. Despite this observation, more than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. This is particularly true in the Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia regions. Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess microbial quality of drinking water and prevalence of water-related diseases in Marigat town, Baringo County, Kenya. Methods: Samples of drinking water were collected from water sources (boreholes, rivers, and wells) and at the point of use (households) and analyzed for Escherichia coli and total coliform (TC) bacteria using the most probable number method. In situ measurements of pH and temperature were performed using a Wagtech International portable meter. Clinical health records from the local health centers were also reviewed to assess the prevalence rates of some of the water-related diseases. Results: There were significant differences among water sources during dry season for E coli (F2,21 = 3.629, P < .05) and TC (F2,21 = 4.041, P < .05). Similar observations were made during wet season for E coli (F2,21 = 4.090, P < .05) and TC (F2,21 = 1.893, P < .05). Furthermore, there were significant interactions between the water sources and season for E coli (F2,42 = 7.66, P < .01) and TC (F2,42 = 5.494, P < .05). Drinking water in large plastic storage containers (herein referred to as sky-plast) had the highest E coli and TC concentrations. Typhoid was the most prevalent water-related disease during the dry season (10%), whereas diarrhea (3%) was the most prevalent during the wet season. Conclusions and recommendations: All drinking water at abstraction and point of use for Marigat residents are microbiologically contaminated and therefore pose serious health risks to consumers of such water. Thus, there is need for public health awareness campaigns on household water management to curb incidences of water-related diseases. Public health practitioners at county and national levels need to ensure that households have adequate access to potable water and improved sanitation.
Precision prevention: A focused response to shifting paradigms in healthcare
Authors: Ramos Kenneth S , Bowers Emma C , Tavera-Garcia Marco A , Ramos Irma N 
Published: March 2019

Human health and disease are defined at the intersection of molecules, environment, and lifestyle, which combined determine phenotypic outcomes. To date, most clinical applications in the precision medicine space have focused on DNA, with lesser attention given to the biology encoded by RNA molecules, or the complexity of biological regulation at the level of proteins and metabolites. The totality of this information must be integrated in ways that allow for implementation of knowledge-based health promotion and prevention strategies that can help address current limitations in healthcare delivery. This review describes recent advances in the development of diagnostic tools for early detection and stratification of individuals suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their heightened risk for the development of lung malignancies.Impact statementThe study of LINE-1 retroelements and their role in the pathogenesis of diseases of the lung such as COPD and lung cancer may provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools to identify pre-emptively individuals at risk of pulmonary disease progression. Limited information is presently available on the role of LINE-1 in the regulation of disease phenotypes and the development of novel therapeutics designed to curtail LINE-1-mediated pathogenesis. Successful implementation of precision prevention strategies may help to spare those impacted by obstructive pulmonary disease from continued deterioration, while realizing significant cost savings and improved quality of healthcare.
Racial/ethnic disparities in hospital utilization in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Cruz-Flores Salvador , Rodriguez Gustavo J , Chaudhry Mohammad Rauf A , Qureshi Ihtesham A , Qureshi Mohtashim A , Piriyawat Paisith , Vellipuram Anantha R , Khatri Rakesh , Kassar Darine , Maud Alberto 
Published: March 2019

Background and purpose There is evidence that racial and ethnic differences among intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients exist. We sought to establish the occurrence of disparities in hospital utilization in the United States. Methods We identified ICH patients from United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for years 2006–2014 using codes (DX1 = 431, 432.0) from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition. We compared five race/ethnic categories: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Others ( Native American and other) with regard to demographics, comorbidities, disease severity, in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, length of stay (LOS), total hospital charges, in-hospital mortality, palliative care, (PC) and do not resuscitate (DNR). We categorized procedures as lifesaving (i.e. ventriculostomy, craniotomy, craniectomy, and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt), life sustaining (i.e. mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, transfusions, and gastrostomy). White race/ethnicity was set as the reference group. Results Out of 710,293 hospitalized patients with ICH 470,539 (66.2%), 114,821 (16.2%), 66,451 (9.3%), 30,297 (4.3%) and 28,185 (3.9%) were White, Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Others, respectively. Minorities (Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Others) had a higher rate of in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, mean LOS, and hospital charges compared to Whites. In contrast, Whites had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality, PC, and DNR. In multivariable analysis, all minorities had higher rate of MV, tracheostomy, transfusions, and gastrostomy compared to Whites, while Hispanics had higher rate of craniectomy and VP shunt; and Asian or Pacific Islander and Others had higher rate of craniectomy. Whites had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality, palliative care, and DNR compared to minorities. In mediation analysis, in-hospital mortality for whites remained high after adjusting with PC and DNR. Conclusion Minorities had greater utilization of lifesaving and life sustaining procedures, and longer LOS. Whites had greater utilization of palliative care, hospice, and higher in-hospital mortality. These results may reflect differences in culture or access to care and deserve further study.
An experimental study on the digital precision of internal fixation via the sinus tarsi approach for calcaneal fractures
Authors: Xu Jing , He Zaopeng , Zhang Guodong , Chen Yongshao , Wei Chunrong , Zheng Yudong , Lin Haibin , Li Wei , Huang Wenhua 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and accuracy of internal fixation of calcaneal fractures with a three-dimensional (3-D) printing navigation module via the sinus approach. Methods: Eleven lateral lower extremity specimens were used in the experiment and divided into the digital design (DD) group ( n = 11) and the real surgery (RS) group ( n = 11). For the DD group, thin-section computed tomography (CT) scans, virtual fracture modeling, virtual bone plate fixation, sinus occlusal module design, and navigation module design were performed for the cadaver specimens. A 3-D navigation module was printed using a 3-D printer. For the RS group, the sinus approach incision was made, and the navigation module was used to assist the placement of screw fixation and anatomically locked bone plate fixation. Thin-layer CT scans, 3-D reconstructions, and reconstruction of the nail paths were performed in the RS group and 3-D registered with the DD group. 3-D coordinate values for the screw entry and exit points in the RS and DD groups were recorded, and the corresponding offset values of the screw points were calculated. The number of qualified nails at different accuracy levels was counted. The χ2 test was used to compare the data for the DD and RS groups to obtain the accuracy level for both groups when p > 0.05, which is the critical value for experimental accuracy. Results: A total of 11 bone plates were placed and 120 screws were locked. None of them protruded from the inferior articular surface. The screw entry and exit point offsets were 1.71 ± 0.11 mm and 3.10 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. When the accuracy requirement for the entry point was 3.8 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( p > 0.05). Similarly, the accuracy of the exit point of the screw could only reach 6.6 mm. Conclusion: Internal fixation of calcaneal fractures via the sinus tarsi approach with an anatomical locking plate based on the 3-D printing navigation module can achieve accurate screw placement and good overall internal fixation.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Melatonin enhances TNF-α-mediated cervical cancer HeLa cells death via suppressing CaMKII/Parkin/mitophagy axis
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Wang Wuliang , Cui Jinquan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) immunotherapy controls the progression of human cervical cancer. Here, we explored the detailed molecular mechanisms played by melatonin in human cervical cancer (HeLa cells) death in the presence of TNF-α injury, with a particular attention to the mitochondrial homeostasis.

Methods
HeLa cells were incubated with TNFα and then cell death was determined via MTT assay, TUNEL staining, caspase ELISA assay and western blotting. Mitochondrial function was detected via analyzing mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 staining, mitochondrial oxidative stress using flow cytometry and mitochondrial apoptosis using western blotting.

Results
Our data exhibited that treatment with HeLa cells using melatonin in the presence of TNF-α further triggered cancer cell cellular death. Molecular investigation demonstrated that melatonin enhanced the caspase-9 mitochondrion death, repressed mitochondrial potential, increased ROS production, augmented mPTP opening rate and elevated cyt-c expression in the nucleus. Moreover, melatonin application further suppressed mitochondrial ATP generation via reducing the expression of mitochondrial respiratory complex. Mechanistically, melatonin augmented the response of HeLa cells to TNF-α-mediated cancer death via repressing mitophagy. TNF-α treatment activated mitophagy via elevating Parkin expression and excessive mitophagy blocked mitochondrial apoptosis, ultimately alleviating the lethal action of TNF-α on HeLa cell. However, melatonin supplementation could prevent TNF-α-mediated mitophagy activation via inhibiting Parkin in a CaMKII-dependent manner. Interestingly, reactivation of CaMKII abolished the melatonin-mediated mitophagy arrest and HeLa cell death.

Conclusions
Overall, our data highlight that melatonin enhances TNF-α-induced human cervical cancer HeLa cells mitochondrial apoptosis via inactivating the CaMKII/Parkin/mitophagy axis.
Free versus pedicled flaps for reconstruction of head and neck cancer defects: A systematic review
Authors: Gabrysz-Forget Fanny , Tabet Paul , Rahal Akram , Bissada Eric , Christopoulos Apostolos , Ayad Tareck 
Published: March 2019

Objective The present review focuses on comparative studies of reconstruction with free flaps (FF) versus pedicled flaps (PF) after oncologic resection. Method A systematic review was developed in compliance with PRISMA guidelines and performed using the Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, Amed and Biosis databases. Results A total of 30 articles were included. FF are associated with a longer operative time, a higher cost and a higher incidence of postoperative revisions compared to PF. FF are associated with a longer stay at the intensive care unit than the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) and with a more extended hospital stay compared to the submental island flap (SMIF). FF are associated with fewer infections and necrosis compared to the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF). Conclusion The comparison of both type of flaps is limited by the inherent design of the studies included. In sum, FF seem superior to the PMMF for several outcomes. SMIF and SCAIF compare favorably to FF for some specific indications achieving similar outcomes at a lower cost.
Loop underlay tympanoplasty for anterior, subtotal and total tympanic membrane perforations: A retrospective review
Authors: Barake Rana , El Natout Tamer , Bassim Marc , El Natout Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2019

Background The study aims at reporting our experience with loop underlay tympanoplasty, a modification of the underlay technique previously reported, for the reconstruction of anterior, subtotal or total tympanic membrane perforations. Methods A retrospective review of charts of patients who have undergone loop underlay tympanoplasty from January 2002 to January 2012 was performed. One thousand one hundred patients were included. Hearing test results preoperatively and postoperatively were reported. On follow up visits, the closure of the tympanic membrane perforation and the improvement of hearing compared to preoperative measurements with absence of complications were considered as successful outcomes of the surgery. Results At the three-month follow-up visit, the perforation closure rate was found to be 99.3% and Air-Bone Gap closure rate to less than 10 dB was 99.5%. The complication rate, including post-operative infection, was 0.72%. Conclusion The loop underlay technique combines advantages of both underlay and overlay techniques with excellent postoperative outcomes.