bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ExerStart: helping seniors be active and independent for less
Authors: van Esch Patrick , Duffy Sarah Maree , Teufel James , Northey Gavin , Elder Edward , Frethey-Bentham Catherine , Cook Thomas B. , Heller Jonas 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to examine a downstream social marketing program that slows the typical decline in functional fitness and independence of adults over 55 with particular attention to the ROI and the efficiency of the program.

Design/methodology/approach
Within subjects quasi-experimental design.

Findings
The ExerStart program is cost-efficient and effective delivering an ROI of 33 per cent. The participants of the ExerStart social marketing program significantly improved functional fitness. Further, this program demonstrates that this result may be achieved with just four exercises rather than six.

Practical implications
A successful, cost-effective, high-retention social marketing program is outlined for social marketers who aim to increase the functional fitness and independence of adults over 55 years.

Social implications
Two societal benefits, the first is that it provides direction about how to efficiently prolong the independence of adults over 55 years, and the second is that it decreases pressure and costs on the healthcare system. This may be useful for policy makers and social marketers alike.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to the literature in two important ways. First, this paper details a cost-effective intervention that improves the physical fitness of a significant and growing portion of the community and suggests additional considerations for future ROI calculations. Second, this paper contributes methodologically by introducing the senior fitness test (a new criterion-referenced clinically relevant physical fitness standard specifically developed for seniors).
The power of purpose
Authors: Renshaw Ben 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to offer evidence-based advice for leaders on how to be purpose-led and how to use ones purpose to create more opportunity, to become a better leader and to establish a clear sense of direction and conviction at work and in life.

Design/methodology/approach
By asking the right questions, implementing seven key principles and creating a purpose statement, employees, employers and businesses can identity their purpose, achieve more satisfying results establish a clearer sense of purpose and become better leaders.

Findings
A statement of purpose will give a person more direction and promise a future of more fulfillment, more inspiration and more success.

Originality/value
Reaching goals and attaining success is complicated and personal, but these tools offer practical, proven tips and strategies for uncovering one's purpose and living out one's purpose on a daily, monthly and yearly manner.
Soil biota and chemical interactions promote co‐existence in co‐evolved grassland communities
Authors: Semchenko Marina , Nettan Siim , Sepp Anette , Zhang Qiaoying , Abakumova Maria , Davison John , Kalamees Rein , Lepik Anu , Püssa Kersti , Saar Sirgi , Saarma Merilin , Thetloff Marge , Zobel Kristjan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Plant populations can exhibit local adaptation to their abiotic environment, such as climate and soil properties, as well as biotic components such as the chemical signatures of dominant plant species and mutualistic and pathogenic microbial populations. While patterns of local adaptation in individual species are widely recorded, the importance of microevolutionary processes for plant community assembly and function is poorly understood.

Here, we examined how a history of long‐term co‐existence, and thus potential for local co‐adaptation, influenced the process of plant community assembly. Soil inocula and seeds of eight plant species were collected from three calcareous grasslands with a long history of grazing within a single geographical region. Mesocosm communities were established using local genotypes from a single site or an artificial mixture of genotypes from two different sites. To investigate the role of root exudates and local (‘home’) and non‐local (‘away’) soil biota as mediators of plant species co‐existence, the population origin treatment was combined with the addition of activated carbon, which is known to adsorb exudates from soil, and sterilization of soil inocula. Individual‐, species‐ and mesocosm‐level responses were measured over the course of three growing seasons.

We found that root exudates promoted seedling survival, species co‐existence and productivity in assemblages of genotypes originating from the same community but had a weak impact in mixed, novel communities. Soil biota promoted the growth of subordinate forbs and restrained the growth of dominant graminoids, particularly in communities composed of local genotypes. The effects of population origin were significant in the first 2 years of the experiment but were not detectable in the third year when interbreeding and new seedling establishment took place. Plant genotypes coupled with ‘home’ microbial inoculum experienced a stronger reduction in growth compared with genotypes exposed to ‘away’ inoculum, indicating that plants experienced home‐field disadvantage in interactions with soil biota.

Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that the mechanisms of initial grassland community assembly depend on community history, with below‐ground chemical interactions and plant interactions with soil biota becoming stronger drivers of dynamics in established and potentially co‐evolved communities.
Proximity to roads disrupts rodents’ contributions to seed dispersal services and subsequent recruitment dynamics
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Zhong Jie , Carson Walter P. , Tang Zhanhui , Xie Zongqiang , Sun Shucun , Zhou Youbing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Seed dispersal and subsequent recruitment dynamics play a crucially important role in regulating species coexistence and structuring tree diversity in diverse forests. Wildlife, which can dually shape the tree recruitment process by simultaneously functioning as natural enemies and seed dispersers, are undergoing widespread changes in population and behaviour due to the detrimental effects of expanding global road networks. However, the impact of these changes on recruitment dynamics through the alteration of seed dispersal processes remains understudied.

Here, we assessed how roads affect animal‐mediated recruitment dynamics from the seed to adult stages of trees using a ubiquitous vertebrate‐seed model: rodents and acorns. To quantify the degree to which proximity to a road alters seed dispersal and regulates subsequent recruitment dynamics, we conducted seed dispersal and predation experiments, and investigated the natural recruitment of a dominant tree species (Quercus aliena) from September 2009 to July 2012 in a subtropical forest of central China.

Roads caused a decreased seed dispersal distance and increasing larder hoarding, demonstrating a weakened contribution of rodents to seed dispersal services. These patterns were stronger in the masting year than in the non‐masting year. Correspondingly, seedlings, saplings and adult trees had higher densities near roads than far from roads. Near roads, recruit transition rates (i.e. seedling‐to‐sapling and sapling‐to‐juvenile) were low, and the influential strength of conspecific adult density was weakened over these recruit transitions, indicating that space limitation and lottery competition, not conspecific negative density‐dependent effects, approximately determined the near‐road recruitment process. Furthermore, most adults near roads were young, and their ages matched the road ages.

Synthesis. Roads diminished animal‐mediated seed dispersal services and disrupted subsequent recruitment dynamics in Quercus aliena populations, thus weakening the key process promoting diversity in forest ecosystems. Given that these animal‐regulated roles in recruitment dynamics are widespread stabilizing forces for tree coexistence, our findings suggest that the ubiquity of roads and their continued expansion will contribute to the increase in forests dominated by a relatively low number of species. Consequently, the growing expansion of road networks will ultimately cause profound changes in community composition and structure across diverse forests worldwide.
Capturing the City
Authors: Peters Robbie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this essay I use Surabaya as a case study to argue that today's data‐based urbanism excludes people from the city. Data‐based urbanism differs from the revolutionary and counterrevolutionary urbanisms of the past in Surabaya that included people: the revolutionary form enabled the low‐income majority of the kampung neighbourhoods to capture the ‘city as a whole’ through infrastructure, while the counterrevolutionary form enabled that majority to capture the city in parts through their kampungs. To make the aforementioned points I give the concept of heterotopia a Southern context that brings the low‐income majority to the foreground of urban studies.
Production of Bioactive Peptides from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Sustainable Approach for Healthier Foods
Authors: Venegas‐Ortega María G. , Flores‐Gallegos Adriana C. , Martínez‐Hernández José L. , Aguilar Cristóbal N. , Nevárez‐Moorillón Guadalupe V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditional fermented foods where lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are present have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, and some of those benefits are related to protein‐derived products. Peptides produced by LAB have attracted the interest of food industries because of their diverse applications. These peptides include ribosomally produced (bacteriocins) and protein hydrolysates by‐products (bioactive peptides), which can participate as natural preservatives and nutraceuticals, respectively. It is essential to understand the biochemical pathways and the effect of growth conditions for the production of bioactive peptides and bacteriocins by LAB, in order to suggest strategies for optimization. LAB is an important food‐grade expression system that can be used in the simultaneous production of peptide‐based products for the food, animal, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This review describes the multifunctional proteinaceous compounds generated by LAB metabolism and discusses a strategy to use a single‐step production process, using an alternative protein‐based media. This strategy will provide economic advantages in fermentation processes and will also provide an environmental alternative to industrial waste valorization. New technologies that can be used to improve production and bioactivity of LAB‐derived peptides are also analyzed.
Review of non‐invasive body contouring devices for fat reduction, skin tightening and muscle definition
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Lin Matthew J , Dubin Danielle P , Khorasani Hooman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNon‐invasive body contouring is a rapidly growing field in cosmetic dermatology. Non‐invasive contouring devices improve the body's appearance through the removal of excess adipose tissue, particularly in areas in which fat persists despite optimal diet and exercise routine. The technology can also be used for skin tightening. This article reviews the five FDA‐approved non‐invasive body contouring modalities: cryolipolysis, laser, high‐intensity focused electromagnetic field, radiofrequency and high‐intensity focused ultrasound. These devices have emerged as a popular alternative to surgical body contouring due to their efficacy, favourable safety profile, minimal recovery time and reduced cost. Although they do not achieve the same results as liposuction, they are an attractive alternative for patients who do not want the risks or costs associated with surgery. When used appropriately and correctly, these devices have demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy and safety.
Diversity of xylophagous beetles and vulnerability of debarked‐medicinal plants in southern of Benin
Authors: Cakpo‐Tossou Yvonne Tété , Korb Judith , Sinsin Brice 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe studied the impact of debarking of medicinal tree species on the diversity of xylophagous beetles in Lama Forest Reserve, in Lokoli swampy forest and in crop fields surrounded Lokoli forest. A total of 108 interception traps were set up on debarked and nondebarked trees covering nine medicinal plants that areAnogeissus leiocarpa, Dialium guineense, Khaya senegalensisin Lama Forest;Nauclea diderrichii, Ficus trichopoda, Syzygium owariensein swampy forest; andParkia biglobosa, Bridelia ferruginea, Pterocarpus erinaceusin crop fields. A total of 116 beetle species were collected belonging to 19 coleoptera families with higher xylophagous beetles than predators. Specific richness and individual abundance of xylophagous beetles were significantly higher in crop fields than in forests. Furthermore, in all habitats, debarked‐tree species were more attractive to xylophagous beetles than control trees and were significantly more attacked in crop fields than forests. The most vulnerable medicinal trees to debarking wereP. biglobosa,D. guineense, F. trichopoda and P. erinaceus. Three groups of indicator insects according to habitat type, debarking and tree species have been distinguished. Our results clearly imply that by exploiting natural resources humans can impact on the abundance and specific richness of xylophagous beetles by modulating their resources.
Logistic regression analysis of non‐randomized response data collected by the parallel model in sensitive surveys
Authors: Tian Guo‐Liang , Liu Yin , Tang Man‐Lai 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTo study the relationship between a sensitive binary response variable and a set of non‐sensitive covariates, this paper develops a hidden logistic regression to analyse non‐randomized response data collected via the parallel model originally proposed by Tian (2014). This is the first paper to employ the logistic regression analysis in the field of non‐randomized response techniques. Both the Newton–Raphson algorithm and a monotone quadratic lower bound algorithm are developed to derive the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest. In particular, the proposed logistic parallel model can be used to study the association between a sensitive binary variable and another non‐sensitive binary variable via the measure of odds ratio. Simulations are performed and a study on people's sexual practice data in the United States is used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Staff experiences working in community‐based services for people with learning disabilities who show behaviour described as challenging: The role of management support
Authors: Deveau Roy , McGill Peter 
Published: June 2019

Accessible summary

We looked at staff working with people with a learning disability and challenging behaviour. We tried to find out if managers' help their staff to work better.

We looked at how often staff saw their manager and if their manager tried to help their staff to work better or spent more time doing office work.

We found out that when managers helped staff to work better, staff feel better about their work. Even when staff did not see their manager very often, other staff were helping them to do their work better.

Organisations need to decide who will help staff to work better, and this will also help staff to feel better about their work.

AbstractIntroductionResearch has shown a positive relationship between practice leadership (frontline management focused upon supporting staff to work better) and better staff experiences of working with people with learning disabilities who may show challenging behaviours. However, little is known regarding the impact of frequency and accessibility of frontline managerial support upon staff experiences, or upon the provision of practice leadership. Current policy and practice in England may lead to frontline managers being responsible for more fragmented services, thus influencing the accessibility of managerial support and practice leadership for staff. The current study investigated the impact on staff experiences of frequency of contact with service manager and of practice leadership.MethodsA single point in time survey of 144 staff measured: characteristics of service users, frequency of contact with manager, practice leadership and staff experiences, for example burnout, teamwork and job satisfaction.ResultsPractice leadership was positively associated with more frequent contact with the manager. Better staff experiences were associated with more frequent contact with the manager and practice leadership and negatively with challenging behaviours.ConclusionThe associations between practice leadership, manager contact and better staff experiences suggest further research, and organisational action is needed to provide management support for staff.
Low modularity and specialization in a commensalistic epiphyte–phorophyte network in a tropical cloud forest
Authors: Francisco Talitha M. , Couto Dayvid R. , Garbin Mário L. , Muylaert Renata L. , Ruiz‐Miranda Carlos R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpecies interactions can shape the structure of natural communities. Such sets of interactions have been described as complex ecological networks, an example of which is the commensal network formed by epiphyte–phorophyte interactions. Vascular epiphytes germinate and grow on phorophytes (support trees), assuming a horizontal distribution (among the phorophyte species) and a vertical distribution (from the base of the tree trunk to the crown of phorophytes, i.e., through ecological zones). Here, we investigated the organization of these structural dimensions of the epiphyte–phorophyte network in a Brazilian tropical montane cloud forest. The analyzed network, comprising 66 epiphyte species and 22 phorophyte species, exhibited a nested structure with a low degree of specialization, a typical pattern for epiphyte–phorophyte networks in forests. The network was slightly modular, with 65% of the species common to three modules, and had vertical structure corresponding to the vertical organization of the phorophytes. The size (diameter at breast height) of phorophyte individuals influenced the network structure, possibly due to the increase in habitat area, the time available for colonization by epiphytes, and a greater number of microenvironments. We found that the distribution of the epiphyte species differed between the phorophyte ecological zones, with greater richness in the lower portions and greater abundance in the upper portions of the phorophytes. The results provide relevant guidance for future research on the characteristics and the vertical and horizontal organization of vascular epiphyte and phorophyte networks.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Where Infants Go: Real‐Time Dynamics of Locomotor Exploration in Crawling and Walking Infants
Authors: Hoch Justine E. , Rachwani Jaya , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: June 2019

Where do infants go? A longstanding assumption is that infants primarily crawl or walk to reach destinations viewed while stationary. However, many bouts of spontaneous locomotion do not end at new people, places, or things. Study 1 showed that half of 10‐ and 13‐month‐old crawlers’ (N = 29) bouts end at destinations—more than previously found with walkers. Study 2 confirmed that, although infants do not commonly go to destinations, 12‐month‐old crawlers go to proportionally more destinations than age‐matched walkers (N = 16). Head‐mounted eye tracking revealed that crawlers and walkers mostly take steps in place while fixating something within reach. When infants do go to a destination, they take straight, short paths to a target fixated while stationary.
Perceived social support, perception of competence, and hope among Chinese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Chinese context: Children's perspective
Authors: Ma Joyce Lai‐Chong , Lai Kelly Y.C. , Xia Lily L.L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a study (n = 113 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) that examined the effects of the children's perception of the social support (PSS) they receive from their mothers, fathers, teachers, and friends on their sense of competence and hope. PSS explained 13% of the children's overall sense of competence and 4% of their sense of hope. In the perspective of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the amount of maternal support, both in terms of importance and availability, was higher than that of their paternal support. However, the results of a multiple regression analysis have shown that paternal support accounted for 3% of the variance in the children's overall sense of competence and 5% in the variance of their physical competence. PSS from teachers had significantly explained 5%, 4%, and 4% of the variance in the children's overall, social, and physical competence, respectively. The PSS from friends significantly explained 7% of the variance in the children's cognitive competence and 4% of the variance in hope. Theoretical and clinical implications of the study are discussed.
How foster carers experience agency support for birth family contact
Authors: Collings Susan , Wright Amy Conley , Spencer Margaret , Luu Betty 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong‐term foster carers in New South Wales, Australia, are being encouraged to consider open adoption of the child in their care. This includes an agreement to facilitate direct or face‐to‐face birth family contact without agency support. There is little Australian research on the factors that influence decisions to adopt children from out‐of‐home care. A mixed methods study was conducted to address this gap. An online survey (n = 76) and four focus groups (n = 30) were conducted with foster carers across New South Wales. Descriptive and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results related to birth family contact are reported. Birth family contact was an area of widespread concern among foster carers. The theme of Relationships with birth family included four subordinate themes: (a) disputed purpose, (b) supervision versus independence, (c) ambivalence about agencies, and (d) establishing boundaries. Foster carers viewed birth family contact as extremely challenging due to its effects on children and interactions with agency staff. For open adoption or guardianship to become the preferred permanency option for children over long‐term foster care, carers will need ongoing and appropriate professional support with contact.