bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related factors influence HIV testing within subpopulations: a cross-sectional survey of MSM within the Celtic nations
Authors: Dalrymple Jenny , McAloney-Kocaman Kareena , Flowers Paul , McDaid Lisa M , Frankis Jamie Scott 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesDespite a recent fall in the incidence of HIV within the UK, men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately affected. As biomedical prevention technologies including pre-exposure prophylaxis are increasingly taken up to reduce transmission, the role of HIV testing has become central to the management of risk. Against a background of lower testing rates among older MSM, this study aimed to identify age-related factors influencing recent (≤12 months) HIV testing.MethodsCross-sectional subpopulation data from an online survey of sexually active MSM in the Celtic nations—Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Ireland (n=2436)—were analysed to compare demographic, behavioural and sociocultural factors influencing HIV testing between MSM aged 16–25 (n=447), 26–45 (n=1092) and ≥46 (n=897).ResultsMultivariate logistic regression demonstrated that for men aged ≥46, not identifying as gay (OR 0.62, CI 0.41 to 0.95), location (Wales) (OR 0.49, CI 0.32 to 0.76) and scoring higher on the personalised Stigma Scale (OR 0.97, CI 0.94 to 1.00) significantly reduced the odds for HIV testing in the preceding year. Men aged 26–45 who did not identify as gay (OR 0.61, CI 0.41 to 0.92) were also significantly less likely to have recently tested for HIV. For men aged 16–25, not having a degree (OR 0.48, CI 0.29 to 0.79), location (Republic of Ireland) (OR 0.55, CI 0.30 to 1.00) and scoring higher on emotional competence (OR 0.57, CI 0.42 to 0.77) were also significantly associated with not having recently tested for HIV.ConclusionKey differences in age-related factors influencing HIV testing suggest health improvement interventions should accommodate the wide diversities among MSM populations across the life course. Future research should seek to identify barriers and enablers to HIV testing among the oldest and youngest MSM, with specific focus on education and stigma.
O’Grady’s birational maps and strange duality via wall-hitting
Authors: Chen Huachen 
Published: June 2019

We prove that O’Grady’s birational maps [K. G O’Grady, The weight-two Hodge structure of moduli spaces of sheaves on a K3 surface, J. Algebr. Geom. 6(4) (1997) 599–644] between moduli of sheaves on an elliptic K3 surface can be interpreted as intermediate wall-crossing (wall-hitting) transformations at so-called totally semistable walls, studied by Bayer and Macrì [A. Bayer and E. Macrì, MMP for moduli of sheaves on K3s via wall-crossing: nef and movable cones, Lagrangian fibrations, Inventiones Mathematicae 198(3) (2014) 505–590]. As a key ingredient, we describe the first totally semistable wall for ideal sheaves of [Formula: see text] points on the elliptic [Formula: see text]. As an application, we give new examples of strange duality isomorphisms, based on a result of Marian and Oprea [A. Marian and D. Oprea, Generic strange duality for K3 surfaces, with an appendix by Kota Yoshioka, Duke Math. J. 162(8) (2013) 1463–1501].
The effects of sodium tartrate concentration on the properties of CdTe thin films prepared by electrodeposition
Authors: Shi M. M. , Wang J. , Liu S. R. , Zhou X. M. , Liu L. , Su P. Y. , Feng S. , Fu W. Y. , Yang H. B. 
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we successfully fabricate compact and uniform cadmium telluride (CdTe) films on flexible nickel foils using simple electrodeposition technique and sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the concentration of sodium tartrate on the structures and properties of the deposited CdTe thin films are studied. Various test techniques are used to characterize the results. The results of XRD analysis show that the highest crystallinity film is obtained when the added sodium tartrate concentration is 0.05 M. With the increase of sodium tartrate concentration, the composition of the film gradually changes from Te-rich to Cd-rich, and the thickness of the film becomes thin gradually. We also find that the CdTe thin film prepared under 0.05 M sodium tartrate shows the best optical and optoelectronic properties. Thus, a moderate amount of sodium tartrate is added into an acidic solution as surfactant for CdTe thin film fabrication. Moreover, sodium tartrate is easily volatilized from the film during the annealing process because of its small molecular weight, which can prevent the carbon precipitation.
Aldosterone impairs coronary adenosine-mediated vasodilation via reduced functional expression of Ca2+-activated K+ channels
Authors: Khan Maloree , Meuth Alex I. , Brown Scott M. , Chandrasekar Bysani , Bowles Douglas K. , Bender Shawn B. 
Published: June 2019

Elevated plasma aldosterone (Aldo) levels are associated with greater risk of cardiac ischemic events and cardiovascular mortality. Adenosine-mediated coronary vasodilation is a critical cardioprotective mechanism during ischemia; however, whether this response is impaired by increased Aldo is unclear. We hypothesized that chronic Aldo impairs coronary adenosine-mediated vasodilation via downregulation of vascular K+ channels. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with vehicle (Con) or subpressor Aldo for 4 wk. Coronary artery function, assessed by wire myography, revealed Aldo-induced reductions in vasodilation to adenosine and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine but not to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. Coronary vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 and the thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619 was unchanged by Aldo. Additional mechanistic studies revealed impaired adenosine A2A, not A2B, receptor-dependent vasodilation by Aldo with a tendency for Aldo-induced reduction of coronary A2A gene expression. Adenylate cyclase inhibition attenuated coronary adenosine dilation but did not eliminate group differences, and adenosine-stimulated vascular cAMP production was similar between Con and Aldo mice. Similarly, blockade of inward rectifier K+ channels reduced but did not eliminate group differences in adenosine dilation whereas group differences were eliminated by blockade of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels that blunted and abrogated adenosine and A2A-dependent dilation, respectively. Gene expression of several coronary KCa channels was reduced by Aldo. Together, these data demonstrate Aldo-induced impairment of adenosine-mediated coronary vasodilation involving blunted A2A-KCa-dependent vasodilation, independent of blood pressure, providing important insights into the link between plasma Aldo and cardiac mortality and rationale for aldosterone antagonist use to preserve coronary microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased plasma aldosterone levels are associated with worsened cardiac outcomes in diverse patient groups by unclear mechanisms. We identified that, in male mice, elevated aldosterone impairs coronary adenosine-mediated vasodilation, an important cardioprotective mechanism. This aldosterone-induced impairment involves reduced adenosine A2A, not A2B, receptor-dependent vasodilation associated with downregulation of coronary KCa channels and does not involve altered adenylate cyclase/cAMP signaling. Importantly, this effect of aldosterone occurred independent of changes in coronary vasoconstrictor responsiveness and blood pressure. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/attenuation-of-coronary-adenosine-dilation-by-aldosterone/ .
Hydration Status and Kidney Health of Factory Workers Exposed to Heat Stress: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Nerbass Fabiana B. , Moist Louise , Clark William F. , Vieira Marcos A. , Pecoits-Filho Roberto 
Published: June 2019

Dehydration associated with heat stress increases the risk of workplace injury or illness, decreases productivity, and may contribute to the chronic kidney disease epidemic identified in outdoor workers from hot climates. There is limited research on the effects of chronic occupational heat stress among indoor workers. We aimed to test the feasibility of measuring markers of hydration and kidney function in foundry factory workers in Southern Brazil, exposed and not exposed to heat stress. Factory workers exposed to heat stress (wet bulb globe temperature ≥28.9) and not exposed to heat were identified by management and invited to participate. Clinical and biochemical markers of hydration and kidney function were evaluated before and after a single 8.5 h work shift (lunch time not included). Feasibility outcomes included rates of enrolment, % completion of study protocols, and time to complete data collection. This study was deemed feasible with 80% enrolment and 90% completion of the protocol. Among the preselected workers, the enrolment rate was 91%. All subjects completed the physiological measures and blood collection and 95% completed the urine studies. Mean time to complete data collection pre-shift was 19.1 ± 4.2 min and post-shift: 14.3 ± 4.0 min. Workers exposed to heat stress had a greater decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to controls over the work shift (–13 ± 11 vs. –5 ± 7 mL/min; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). We demonstrated the feasibility and challenges of conducting future hydration and kidney function research among indoor factory workers. Further study is needed to determine if exposure to indoor heat contributes to a decline in kidney function.
Accuracy of Myocardial Blood Flow Estimation From Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Compared With PET
Authors: Alessio Adam M. , Bindschadler Michael , Busey Janet M. , Shuman William P. , Caldwell James H. , Branch Kelley R. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The accuracy of absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) from dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography acquisitions has not been fully characterized. We evaluate computed tomography (CT) compared with rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (PET) MBF estimates in a high-risk population.

Methods:
In a prospective trial, patients receiving clinically indicated rubidium-82 PET exams were recruited to receive a dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography exam. The CT protocol included a rest and stress dynamic portion each acquiring 12 to 18 cardiac-gated frames. The global MBF was estimated from the PET and CT exam.

Results:

Thirty-four patients referred for cardiac rest-stress PET were recruited. Of the 68 dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography scans, 5 were excluded because of injection errors or mismatched hemodynamics. The CT-derived global MBF was highly correlated with the PET MBF (r=0.92;
P
<0.001) with a mean difference of 0.7±26.4%. The CT MBF estimates were within 20% of PET estimates (
P
<0.02) with a mean of (1) MBF for resting flow of PET versus CT of 0.9±0.3 versus 1.0±0.2 mL/min per gram and (2) MBF for stress flow of 2.1±0.7 versus 2.0±0.8 mL/min per gram. Myocardial flow reserve was −14±28% underestimated with CT (PET versus CT myocardial flow reserve, 2.5±0.6 versus 2.2±0.6). The proposed rest+stress+computed tomography angiography protocol had a dose length product of 598±76 mGy×cm resulting in an approximate effective dose of 8.4±1.1 mSv.

Conclusions:
In a high-risk clinical population, a clinically practical dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography provided unbiased MBF estimates within 20% of rubidium-82 PET. Although unbiased, the CT estimates contain substantial variance with an standard error of the estimate of 0.44 mL/min per gram. Myocardial flow reserve estimation was not as accurate as individual MBF estimates.
Long-Term Clinical Effectiveness of a Drug-Coated Balloon for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Laird John A. , Schneider Peter A. , Jaff Michael R. , Brodmann Marianne , Zeller Thomas , Metzger D. Chris , Krishnan Prakash , Scheinert Dierk , Micari Antonio , Wang Hong , Masters Michele , Tepe Gunnar 
Published: June 2019

Background:
While randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease, the long-term durability of DCB angioplasty remains uncertain.

Methods and Results:

IN.PACT SFA is a prospective, multicenter, randomized single-blinded trial (Randomized Trial of IN.PACT Admiral Paclitaxel-Coated Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty [PTA] Balloon Catheter vs Standard PTA for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery [SFA] and/or Proximal Popliteal Artery [PPA]) that enrolled 331 subjects with symptomatic (Rutherford 2–4) femoropopliteal lesions. Subjects were randomly assigned 2:1 to the IN.PACT Admiral DCB or PTA. Assessments through 5 years included freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization, the primary safety end point, and major adverse events. Through 5 years, patients treated with the IN.PACT Admiral DCB demonstrated a sustained treatment effect with superior freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization when compared with PTA (Kaplan-Meier estimate of 74.5% versus 65.3%; log-rank
P
=0.020). The primary safety composite was achieved in 70.7% of subjects in the DCB and 59.6% in the PTA groups (
P
=0.068). The major adverse event rate was 42.9% for DCB and 48.1% for PTA (
P
=0.459). There were no device- or procedure-related deaths in either group as adjudicated by an independent and blinded Clinical Events Committee.

Conclusions:
The IN.PACT SFA randomized trial demonstrates that the IN.PACT Admiral DCB continues to perform better than PTA through 5 years with higher freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization. The sustained safety and effectiveness profile of this DCB supports its use as a preferred treatment choice compared with PTA for femoropopliteal lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01175850 (IN.PACT SFA phase I) and NCT01566461 (IN.PACT SFA phase II).
Radial Versus Femoral Access in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Megaly Michael , Karatasakis Aris , Abraham Bishoy , Jensen Joseph , Saad Marwan , Omer Mohamed , Elbadawi Ayman , Sandoval Yader , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Banerjee Subhash , Alaswad Khaldoon , Rinfret Stéphane , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Radial access (RA) is increasingly used in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention with encouraging results. However, there are concerns about its safety and efficacy because of higher complexity and the need for strong guide catheter support.

Methods and Results:

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies published through November 2018 reporting the outcomes of RA versus femoral access in CTO percutaneous coronary intervention. Outcomes included major bleeding, access-site complications, in-hospital major adverse events, and technical success. Nine observational studies with 10 590 patients (10 617 lesions) were included in the meta-analysis. CTO lesions attempted using RA had lower Japan-CTO score (2.3±1.2 versus 2.5±1.3;
P
<0.001). Use of RA was associated with similar technical success (78.7% versus 78.5%; odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.94–1.31;
P
=0.24;
I
2
=23%), lower risk of access-site complications (0.73% versus 1.79%; odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22–0.51;
P
<0.001;
I
2
=0%) and major bleeding (0.18% versus 0.9%; odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10–0.45;
P
<0.001;
I
2
=0%), and similar risk of in-hospital adverse events and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.12–1.07;
P
=0.07;
I
2
=0%) as compared to femoral access. Results were similar when analyzing radial-only versus any femoral access and when excluding the largest study.

Conclusions:
As compared with femoral access, RA is used in CTO percutaneous coronary intervention of less complex lesions and is associated with fewer access-site complications and major bleeding and comparable technical success.
Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to High Sodium Intake in China and Japan
Authors: Cao Jinhong , Eshak Ehab S. , Liu Keyang , Gero Krisztina , Liu Zhiming , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
The aim of this study is to assess the long-term trends in stroke mortality attributable to high sodium intake in China and Japan during the period 1990 to 2016.

Methods—
The mortality data were obtained from the GBD study (Global Burden of Disease) 2016 and were analyzed using an age-period-cohort method.

Results—

The age-standardized mortality rates showed declining trends for high sodium intake-related stroke mortality. The overall net drifts per year were −3.1% for Chinese men and −5.0% for Chinese women; and −4.6% for Japanese men and −5.7% for Japanese women. The local drift values were below zero in all age groups for both sexes in both countries, and all local drift values of female participants were below their counterparts of male participants. The longitudinal age curves of high sodium intake-attributable stroke mortality increased rapidly for both sexes in China, whereas those of Japanese were slowly rising. The period and cohort rate ratios were found to have similar downward patterns for both sexes in both countries, with a quicker decline for women than for men (significantly with
P
<0.05 for all).

Conclusions—
The age-standardized mortality rates, the period effect and the cohort effect of stroke mortality attributable to high sodium intake in China and Japan have been declining in both sexes and all age groups from 1990 to 2016. Consequently, sodium-reduction strategies are of low cost and effective for the prevention of stroke. It is necessary to educate the nation with the correct knowledge on healthy diet and techniques to reduce salt consumption.
Intercomparison of Gravity Waves in Global Convection-Permitting Models
Authors: Stephan Claudia Christine , Strube Cornelia , Klocke Daniel , Ern Manfred , Hoffmann Lars , Preusse Peter , Schmidt Hauke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLarge uncertainties remain with respect to the representation of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) in general circulation models (GCMs) with coarse grids. Insufficient parameterizations result from a lack of observational constraints on the parameters used in GW parameterizations as well as from physical inconsistencies between parameterizations and reality. For instance, parameterizations make oversimplifying assumptions about the generation and propagation of GWs. Increasing computational capabilities now allow GCMs to run at grid spacings that are sufficiently fine to resolve a major fraction of the GW spectrum. This study presents the first intercomparison of resolved GW pseudomomentum fluxes (GWMFs) in global convection-permitting simulations and those derived from satellite observations. Six simulations of three different GCMs are analyzed over the period of one month of August to assess the sensitivity of GWMF to model formulation and horizontal grid spacing. The simulations reproduce detailed observed features of the global GWMF distribution, which can be attributed to realistic GWs from convection, orography, and storm tracks. Yet the GWMF magnitudes differ substantially between simulations. Differences in the strength of convection may help explain differences in the GWMF between simulations of the same model in the summer low latitudes where convection is the primary source. Across models, there is no evidence for a systematic change with resolution. Instead, GWMF is strongly affected by model formulation. The results imply that validating the realism of simulated GWs across the entire resolved spectrum will remain a difficult challenge not least because of a lack of appropriate observational data.
Observing Polar Regions from Space: Comparison between Highly Elliptical Orbit and Medium Earth Orbit Constellations
Authors: Trishchenko Alexander P. , Garand Louis , Trichtchenko Larisa D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContinuous observation of polar regions from space remains an important unsolved technical challenge of great interest for the international meteorological community. This capacity would allow achieving global continuous coverage once combined with the geostationary (GEO) satellite network. From a practical point of view, continuous coverage of polar regions with a small number of spacecraft can be obtained from a constellation of satellites either in highly elliptical orbits (HEO) or in medium Earth orbits (MEO). The study compares HEO and MEO satellite constellations for their capacity to provide continuous imaging of polar regions as function of the viewing zenith angle (VZA) and evaluates the corresponding latitude limits that ensure sufficient overlap with GEO imagery. Earlier studies assumed the latitude boundary of 60° and the VZA range 70°–85° depending on the space mission focus: meteorological purposes or communications. From the detailed analysis of meteorological retrieval requirements, this study suggests that the overlap of the GEO and polar observing systems (HEO or MEO) should occur down to the latitude band 45°–50° with a maximum VZA ranging between 60° and 64°. This coverage requirement can be met with two sets of three-satellite HEO constellations (one for each polar area) or a six-satellite MEO constellation. The 12-h Molniya and 14-, 15-, and 16-h HEO systems have been analyzed and determined to meet these revised requirements. The study demonstrates that the six-satellite 24-h MEO system can provide a suitable solution, which is also beneficial from the point of view of ionizing radiation and image acquisition geometry. Among the HEO systems, the 16-h HEO has some advantages relative to other HEO systems from the point of view of spatial coverage and space radiation.
Using a Nonlinear Forcing Singular Vector Approach to Reduce Model Error Effects in ENSO Forecasting
Authors: Lingjiang Tao , Wansuo Duan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nonlinear forcing singular vector (NFSV)-based assimilation is adopted to determine the model tendency errors that represent the combined effect of different kinds of model errors; then, an NFSV-tendency error forecast model is formulated. This error forecast model is coupled with an intermediate complex model (ICM) and makes the ICM output closer to the observations; finally, an NFSV-ICM forecast model for ENSO is constructed. The competing aspect of the NFSV-ICM is to consider not only model errors but also the interaction between model errors and initial errors because of the mathematical nature of the NFSV-tendency errors. Based on the prediction experiments for tropical SSTAs during either the training period (1960–96; i.e., when the NFSV-ICM is formulated) or the cross-validation period (1997–2016), the NFSV-ICM is determined to have a much higher forecast skill in predicting ENSO that, specifically, extends the skillful predictions of ENSO from a lead time of 6 months in the original ICM to a lead time of 12 months. The higher skill of the NFSV-ICM is especially reflected in the predictions of SSTAs in the central and western Pacific. For the well-known spring predictability barrier (SPB) phenomenon that greatly limits ENSO forecasting skill, the NFSV-ICM also shows great abilities in suppressing its negative effect on ENSO predictions. Although the NFSV-ICM is presently only involved with the NFSV-related assimilation of SSTs, it has shown its usefulness in predicting ENSO. It is clear that the NFSV-based assimilation approach is effective in dealing with the effect of model errors on ENSO forecasts.