bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A futility, perversity and jeopardy critique of “risk appetite”
Authors: Marshall Alasdair , Ojiako Udechukwu , Chipulu Maxwell 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Risk appetite is widely accepted as a guiding metaphor for strategic risk management, yet metaphors for complex practice are hard to critique. This paper aims to apply an analytical framework comprising three categories of flaw – futility, perversity and jeopardy – to critically explore the risk appetite metaphor. Taking stock of management literature emphasising the need for metaphor to give ideation to complex management challenges and activities and recognising the need for high-level metaphor within strategic risk management in particular, the authors propose a means to scrutinise the risk appetite metaphor and thereby illustrate its use for further management metaphors.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply a structured analytical perspective designed to scrutinise conceivably any purportedly progressive social measure. The three flaw categories are used to warn that organisational risk appetite specifications can be: futile vis-a-vis their goals, productive of perverse outcomes with respect to these goals and so misleading about the true potential for risk management as to jeopardise superior alternative use of risk management resource. These flaw categories are used to structure a critical review of the risk appetite metaphor, which moves towards identifying its most fundamental flaws.

Findings
Two closely interrelated antecedents to flaws discussed within the three flaw categories are proposed: first, false confidence in organisational risk assessment and, second, organisational blindness towards contributions of behavioural risk-taking to true organisational risk exposure. A theory of high (over-optimistic, excessive or inappropriate) risk-taking organisations explores flaws within the three flaw categories with reference to these antecedents under organisational-cultural circumstances where the risk appetite metaphor is most needed and yet most problematic.

Originality/value
The paper is highly original in its representation of risk management as an organisational practice reliant on metaphor and in proposing a structured means to challenge it as a dominant guiding metaphor where it has gained widespread uncritical acceptance. The discussion is also innovative in its representation of high risk-taking organisations as likely to harbour strong managerial motives, aptitudes and capacities for covert and illicit forms of risk-taking which, being subversive and sometimes reactionary towards risk appetite specifications, may cause particularly serious futility, perversity and jeopardy problems. To conclude, the theory and its implications are summarised for practitioner and educational use.
Association between the availability of financial resources and working capital management with stock surplus returns in Iran
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Mahdavi Nadia , Zarif Agahi Dari Saeed , Tarighi Hossein 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between access to financial resources, working capital with surplus stock returns and value of the company in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe study population consists of 728 observations and 91 firms listed on the Tehran stock exchange during an eight-year period between 2009 and 2016. The statistical model used in this study is a multivariate regression model; further, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses is panel data.FindingsThe results saw a negative and significant linkage between changes in cash and stock’ excess returns, whereas no meaningful association between changes in working capital and stock surplus returns was seen. In other words, an Iranian rial (Iran’s currency) invested in working capital worth less on average than a rial held in cash. Furthermore, the authors realized that in an inflationary economy, firms mainly pay more dividends so as to illustrate better their financial position and also to attract more investors’ trust. The results also indicated that the final value of working capital in the companies that are faced with financial constraints is more than companies that are not faced with financial constraints. Subsequently, after the elimination of the effects of inflation on stock returns, it was found there is not any significant association between the stock’s real return and firm value.Practical implicationsThis is one of the most comprehensive research works in Iran that simultaneously surveys the impacts of access to finance and working capital on firm value. This research warns corporate managers to pay more attention to the importance of keeping cash to finance and manage working capital for profitability and sustainability of their company’s operations. Surely, by understanding the relationship between cash holdings, working capital management and stock surplus return, investors will be able to make appropriate decisions about the optimal choice of funds.Originality/valueWhat really will fascinate other scholars about this paper is the time period of the study because there were unprecedented sanctions against Iran market and many manufacturing industries were in financial strain. Without hesitation, the paper will make aware investors and stakeholders of this fact that cash holdings will be a good way in reducing the corporate financial problems in emerging markets, particularly those markets face financial sanctions like Iran.
TIS condition monitoring using ANN integration: an overview
Authors: Gharehbaghi Koorosh , McManus Kerry 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of condition monitoring using artificial neural network (ANN) integration as a part of transportation infrastructure systems.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper will review the concept of ANNs and its core functions for the optimization (to manage the asset in such a way that the condition does not fall below an acceptable minimum condition) of transportation infrastructure systems, in particular, the maintenance processes. In doing so, a specific and factual example of performance and condition measurement for roads will be also instigated.

Findings
This paper demonstrated that ANN has many advantages if the problems cannot be solved by the clear algorithm. In addition, ANN has the ability to be instructed to handle large data set. There are various intelligent algorithms available and accordingly ANN is not a new concept. However, the ANN’s overall ability to solve complex and interchangeable system problems (such as one, which is found within the transportation infrastructure systems) is its core advantage.

Originality/value
Although condition monitoring using ANN integration has been researched extensively, this paper provides additional example of integrated ANN for transportation infrastructure systems.
How to maintain sustainability of micro and small entreprises of crispy oil palm mushroom
Authors: Caska Caska , Indrawati Henny 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze sustainability level of crispy palm tankos mushroom business; institutions involved in the development of crispy palm tankos mushroom business in Riau Region; nutritional composition, sensory assessment both descriptively and hedonically, and also designing the suitable and hygienic packaging for crispy palm tankos mushroom in Riau; institutional structuring model involved in the development of crispy palm tankos mushroom business in Riau; and strategies to improve the quality of crispy palm tankos mushroom in Riau.Design/methodology/approachThis study is quantitative research conducted by survey. The research was conducted in Indragiri Hulu, Pelalawan, Kampar and Siak, Riau Province, Indonesia from April to August 2017. The study population is all producers producing crispy oil palm mushroom in the research area. The sample was determined purposively with the criterion of the producers who have been running their business for at least 5 years. Based on the criterion, there were 225 producers included as the sample.FindingsThis study found that business sustainability is the main concern of micro business of crispy palm tankos mushroom in Riau Province. Although local government lack of support, the average value of business sustainability is in the very high category. In addition due to the excellent business support quality, business sustainability is supported by the family environment, independence and business progress. There are two institutions involved in the development of makers business to date, they are informal financial institutions that help makers to increase business capital, and retailers who help makers deliver products to consumers. The results of nutritional composition analysis of crispy palm tankos mushroom showed that the crispy tankos mushroom is a product with good nutrition value for consumption by the community. The implication of this study is to improve the quality of the tankos mushroom crispy palm in terms of color according to the choice of the panelists.Originality/valueOriginality of this study aims to provide strategic formulation to use local resources and improve the economic actors of the home industry of crispy palm tankos mushroom processing in Riau. This research is conducting a structure to the institutions involved in the development of crispy palm tankos mushroom and improving the product quality. This research contributes to the development of science, especially economic development, particularly the development of small industries.
Diversity management as a strategic human resource agenda: critique and roadmap
Authors: Das Roshni 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The paper’s premise is based upon the finding that organisations have not been able to optimally harvest the diversity dividend in the absence of proper integration with strategy. The paper aims to address this gap in practice by proposing a framework.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical analysis of the diversity literature is conducted.

Findings
Multi-level, conceptual linkages with employee performance are derived and a five-point implementable agenda is outlined for the strategic human resource function.

Originality/value
This paper highlights for the practitioner, the value of having a structured approach to diversity management.
Corporate social responsibility in the perspective of Brazilian management students: the inversion of the pyramid
Authors: Silva Junior Annor da , Martins-Silva Priscilla de Oliveira , Feu Karina Santos , Komino Aline Chima , Silva Vitor Correa da , Vasconcelos Katia Cyrlene de Araújo 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the viewpoint of undergraduate Management students at a Brazilian public university regarding the notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It theoretically articulates the notion of CSR and the formal education perspective to discuss managerial education.Design/methodology/approachStude nts in the Management program were surveyed for their opinion on the notion of CSR. Data were collected through triangulation by combining the application of questionnaire and documentary research. There were 241 valid questionnaires, and this is the size of the sample. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS software (version 20), descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests.FindingsResults reveal that, for undergraduate Management students, the most important CSR dimensions are, in hierarchical order, the philanthropic, the ethical, the legal and the economic. Thus, one can notice an inversion of the original CSR pyramid proposed by Carroll (1991).Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is the conduction of research in the context of a single public university.Practical implicationsResults indicate a change in how CSR is understood, the philanthropic dimension becoming the main factor for the establishment of organizational goals.Social implicationsConsidering that undergraduate Management students are the future members of the corporate world and decision-makers in society, these results indicate the stance these future professionals will take when confronted by dilemmas involving CSR.Originality/valueThis investigation is original in Brazilian context, for it identifies students’ opinion on CSR using a questionnaire whose development was based on the CSR pyramid.
Sensitivity analysis of geotechnical site conditions effect on the seismic response of a saturated inhomogeneous poroviscoelastic soil profile
Authors: Ouzandja Toufiq , Hadid Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to present the investigation of the linear and nonlinear seismic site response of a saturated inhomogeneous poroviscoelastic soil profile for different soil properties, such as pore-water saturation, non-cohesive fines contentFC, permeabilityk, porositynand coefficient of uniformityCu.Design/methodology/approachThe inhomogeneous soil profile is idealized as a multi-layered saturated poroviscoelastic medium and is characterized by the Biot’s theory, with a shear modulus varying continuously with depth according to the Wichtmann’s model. Seismic response analysis has been evaluated through a computational model, which is based on the exact stiffness matrix method formulated in the frequency domain assuming that the incoming seismic waves consist of inclinedP-SVwaves.FindingsUnlike the horizontal seismic response, the results indicate that the vertical one is strongly affected by the pore water saturation. Moreover, in the case of fully saturated soil profile, the same vertical response spectra are found for the two cases of soil behavior, linear and nonlinear.Originality/valueThis research is a detailed study of the geotechnical soil properties effect on the bi-directional seismic response of saturated inhomogeneous poroviscoelastic soil profile, which has not been treated before; the results are presented in terms of the peak acceleration ratio, as well as the free-field response spectra and the spectral ratio (V/H).
Biopharmaceutical Activities Related to Ellagic Acid, Chitosan, and Zein and Their Improvement by Association
Authors: Tavares Walter de S. , Martin‐Pastor Manuel , Tavares Alberto G. , Sousa Francisco F. O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEllagic acid (EA) has demonstrated several biological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzymatic inhibition. Zein and chitosan (CHI) are natural polymers whose biological potential has also gained attention. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticollagenase, and antielastase properties of EA, zein, and chitosan isolated or in combination. The microdilution method was used to assess the minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazila free radical scavenging method. The anticollagenase and antielastase activities were evaluated by specific colorimetric tests. EA has shown inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa together with an antioxidant IC50 of 0.079 mg/mL. EA also showed significant collagenase and elastase inhibition. Zein has shown antimicrobial and antioxidant activities itself and enhanced sinergically the antioxidant activity and the antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa when combined with EA. CHI increased sinergically the inhibitory activity of EA against both bacterial strains, while showed itself an acceptable antimicrobial activity. 1H saturation transfer‐difference nuclear magnetic resonance experiment confirmed the formation of a complex between EA and zein that could be related with the improvement on its biological performance over the individual compounds, while no chemical interaction was detected between CHI and EA.Practical ApplicationThe results reinforce the potential of ellagic acid in combination with zein and/or chitosan as an antimicrobial, antienzimatic, and antioxidant agent. Those findings reinforce the use of these substances, protecting this bioactive from degradation and/or improving the functional characteristics and biopharmaceutical properties.
Has the value of cash increased over time?
Authors: Chung Ji‐Woong , Jung Boochun , Park Duri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe document a dramatic increase in the market valuation of cash holdings of US firms from 1988 to 2013. The value of one dollar of cash has increased by $0.019 per year during the period, indicating that shareholders place more value on cash in recent years. We also find that the increasing trend in cash value is driven mainly by increases in institutional shareholdings and accounting conservatism. We further decompose cash change into cash flows from operation (CFO) and cash flows from investing and financing activities, and find that CFO is a significant driver of the increasing trend in cash value.
Why Uruguay legalized marijuana? The open window of public insecurity
Authors: Queirolo Rosario , Rossel Cecilia , Álvarez Eliana , Repetto Lorena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsIn 2013, Uruguay became the first country in the world to fully regulate its marijuana market. This ambitious policy was also an unexpected one: none of the usual explanations for legalization of marijuana in other contexts was present in the Uruguayan case. This paper offers an explanation of why Uruguay legalized marijuana. Drawing on Kingdon's theoretical approach, we argue that a window of opportunity opened in mid‐2012, making it both necessary and possible for the government to move towards legalization.MethodsA congruence case study using evidence from a series of interviews with political actors and policy makers, media reports and official documents.ResultsThere is evidence that marijuana legalization was possible in Uruguay because of the coincidence of a demand for more public safety (problem stream) with the presence of pro‐legalization leaders in strategic political positions (policy stream) and a favorable political environment (political stream)ConclusionsApplying Kingdon's theory of windows of opportunity, Uruguay may have moved towards full regulation of its marijuana market in 2013 because of the convergence of a specific set of problem, policy and political circumstances in May 2012.
Neuroactive steroid levels and cocaine use chronicity in men and women with cocaine use disorder receiving progesterone or placebo
Authors: Milivojevic Verica , Covault Jonathan , Angarita Gustavo A. , Siedlarz Kristen , Sinha Rajita 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesNeuroactive steroids (NAS) may play a role in addiction, with observed increases in response to acute stress and drug use, but decreases with chronic substance use, suggesting that NAS neuroadaptations may occur with chronic substance use. However, levels of NAS in addicted individuals have not been systematically examined. Here, we evaluated a panel of NAS in men and women with cocaine use disorder (CUD) who participated in a clinical laboratory study of progesterone.MethodsForty six CUD individuals were enrolled in a randomized placebo‐controlled laboratory study to evaluate progesterone effects on levels of various NAS. On day 5 of a 7‐day inpatient treatment regimen of 400 mg/day progesterone (15M/8F) or placebo (14M/9F), plasma levels of NAS known to be downstream of progesterone (allopregnanolone, pregnanolone), and NAS not in the progesterone synthesis pathway (androstanediol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA] and the NAS precursor, pregnenolone) were analyzed using highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The relationship between each of the NAS and chronicity of cocaine use was also assessed.ResultsProgesterone versus placebo significantly increased the GABAergic NAS allopregnanolone and pregnanolone in both CUD men and women. Levels of pregnenolone, testosterone, its GABAergic metabolite androstanediol, and the non‐GABAergic DHEA were unaffected by progesterone treatment, and testosterone and androstanediol levels were significantly higher in men than women. Importantly, lower pregnenolone and androstanediol levels were associated with greater years of cocaine use.Scientific SignificanceGABAergic NAS that are upstream from the progesterone synthesis pathway appear susceptible to chronic effects of cocaine use. (Am J Addict 2019;28:16–21).
Transitional object use, attachment, and help‐seeking behaviour in Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Stagg Steven D. , Li Yi Chih 
Published: December 2018

Transitional object use is psychologically beneficial for young children, but research has suggested that maintaining transitional object use into middle childhood may be associated with negative behaviour. Little is known about the continuation of transitional object use into adolescence, and few studies have been conducted with non‐Western populations. To examine differences in attachment and attitudes to help seeking in adolescents who did and did not use a transitional object, 723 adolescents from Taiwan (M age = 14 years) were asked about their current and past use of transitional objects. Measures of attachment were obtained using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and attitude toward help was measured using the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. In total, 37% of the sample continued transitional object use in adolescence. Current use of a transitional object differentiated the sample on the measures of attachment and help seeking. Transitional object users were less likely to have secure attachments and less likely to express positive attitudes toward seeking help. Transitional object use is prevalent in Taiwanese adolescents, and we suggest that continued use of a transitional object acts as an indicator of potential withdrawal from support offered in schools.
“Academic War” over Geography? Death of Human Geography at the Australian National University
Authors: Lahiri‐Dutt Kuntala 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article analyses how neoliberal economic policies decide what particular aspects of knowledge are valuable and what are not, and who might be the true holder of that knowledge within the tertiary education system. This assessment leads to some disciplines being seen as less valuable to the system. It argues that the more recent “academic wars” in geography are over the very concept of the university and its role in the contemporary society, what comprises useful knowledge, and who comprises the authoritative figure in the production and distribution of that knowledge. Gender of the geographer therefore becomes a crucial element that determines “authority” in the production of geographical knowledge. To substantiate this argument, the paper takes up the important task of analysing the complex career trajectory of geography within the Australian National University (ANU), the department that was gradually reduced leading eventually to its unfortunate closure in 2009.