bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening: An Infrastructure Assessment in Collegiate Athletics
Authors: Conway Justin J. , Toresdahl Brett G. , Asplund Chad A. , Asif Irfan M. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To assess the available infrastructure for secondary testing after preparticipation cardiovascular screening of collegiate athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic programs

Participants:
Team physicians.

Interventions:
Online survey distributed by the NCAA and American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.

Main Outcome Measures:
Availability of secondary cardiovascular diagnostic testing and services.

Results:
Team physicians from 235 schools completed the assessment, representing 21% of all NCAA schools. Ninety (38.3%) NCAA team physicians reported screening athletes using electrocardiogram (ECG). Division I schools were more likely than Division II and III schools to perform both screening ECG (RR, 2.38, P < 0.0001) and echocardiogram (RR, 2.83, P = 0.01). More than 97% of schools had access to resting echocardiogram, stress ECG/echocardiogram, and Holter monitoring within 25 miles with no significant variability between divisions, regions, or size of undergraduate student body. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiology studies were available within 25 miles of more than 80% of schools, and genetics testing was available within 25 miles for 64.8%.

Conclusions:
Secondary testing for cardiovascular abnormalities seems to be readily available for NCAA athletes, regardless of division, region, or school size.
Management of Pain in Elite Athletes: Identified Gaps in Knowledge and Future Research Directions
Authors: Zideman David A. , Derman Wayne , Hainline Brian , Moseley G. Lorimer , Orchard John , Pluim Babette M. , Siebert Christian H. , Turner Judith A. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:For elite athletes to train and compete at peak performance levels, it is necessary to manage their pain efficiently and effectively. A recent consensus meeting on the management of pain in elite athletes concluded that there are many gaps in the current knowledge and that further information and research is required. This article presents the crystallization of these acknowledged gaps in knowledge.Data sources:Information was gathered from a wide variety of published scientific sources that were reviewed at the consensus meeting and the gaps in knowledge identified.Main Results:Gaps have been identified in the epidemiology of analgesic use, the management of pain associated with minor injuries, and the field of play management of pain for athletes with major injuries. From a pharmacological perspective, there is a lack of information on the prescribing of opioid medications in elite athletes and more data are required on the use of local anesthetics injections, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during training and in competition. Pain management strategies for the general population are widely available, but there are few for the elite sporting population and virtually none for elite athletes with a disability. More research is also needed in assessing cognitive-behavior therapies in improving specific outcomes and also into the new process of psychologically informed physiotherapy. A key issue is the paucity of data relating to incidence or prevalence of persistent pain and how this relates to persistent dysfunction, exercise performance, and physiological function in later life.Conclusions:The identification of the gaps in knowledge in the management of pain in elite athletes will provide a unified direction for the retrieval of information and further research that will provide reassurance, speed return to active sport, and benefit performance.
Chronic Physiologic Effects of Stress Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Mays Vickie M. , Juster Robert-Paul , Williamson Timothy J. , Seeman Teresa E. , Cochran Susan D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Social disadvantage is associated with markers of physiological dysregulation, which is linked to disease trajectories. Chronic experiences with discrimination are thought to result in the accumulation of physiological “wear and tear” known as allostatic load (AL) among socially marginalized populations such as sexual minorities. Using a nationally representative US sample, we examined whether (1) people who self-identified as homosexual or bisexual display higher levels of AL than heterosexual individuals and (2) subgroups of sexual identity would further differ from each other as a consequence of distinct experiences of marginalization.

Methods
We use data from the 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Employing multivariate regression methods with sex-specific analyses, we examined AL score differences among lesbian/gay (n = 211), bisexual (n = 307), homosexually experienced (n = 424), and exclusively heterosexual (n = 12,969) individuals, adjusting for possible confounding due to demographics, health indicators, and, among men, HIV infection status.

Results
Results indicate that elevated AL was more common in bisexual men compared with exclusively heterosexual men (adjusted β = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05 to 0.44), with significantly higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (adjusted odd ratio = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.46–7.92) and systolic blood pressure (adjusted odd ratio = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.02 to 4.18). Gay-identified men evidenced significantly lower AL (adjusted β = −0.22, 95% CI = −0.41 to −0.04). No significant differences in AL were observed among women.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that physiological dysregulation is more common in bisexual males compared with all other men. The results are discussed with regard to differences in health outcomes between individuals with different sexual orientations.
Critical curvature localization in graphene. I. Quantum-flexoelectricity effect
Authors: Kothari Mrityunjay , Cha Moon-Hyun , Kim Kyung-Suk 
Published: June 2018

Here, we report the discovery of a new, curvature-localizing, subcritical buckling mode that produces shallow-kink corrugation in multi-layer graphene. Our density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveals the mode configuration—an approximately 2 nm wide boundary layer of highly localized curvature that connects two regions of uniformly but oppositely sheared stacks of flat atomic sheets. The kink angle between the two regions is limited to a few degrees, ensuring elastic deformation. By contrast, a purely mechanical model of sandwich structures shows progressive supercritical curvature localization spread over a 50–100 nm wide boundary layer. Our effective-locality model of electromechanics reveals that coupling between atomic-layer curvature and electric-charge polarization, i.e. quantum flexoelectricity, leads to emergence of a boundary layer in which curvature is focused primarily within a 0.86 nm fixed band width. Both DFT and the model analyses show focused distributions of curvature and polarization exhibiting oscillating decay within the approximately 2 nm wide boundary layer. The results show that dipole–dipole interaction lowers the potential energy with such a distribution. Furthermore, this model predicts peak-polarization density approximately 0.12 e
-
nm
−1
for 3° tilt angle. This high polarization concentration can be controlled by macroscopic deformation and is expected to be useful in studies of selective graphene-surface functionalization for various applications.
Imprint of parity and age at first birth on the genomic landscape of subsequent breast cancer
Authors: Nguyen Bastien , Venet David , Lambertini Matteo , Desmedt Christine , Salgado Roberto , Horlings Hugo , Rothé Françoise , Sotiriou Christos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough parity and age at first birth are among the most known extrinsic factors that modulates breast cancer risk, their impact on the biology of subsequent breast cancer has never been explored in depth. In this study, we investigate the imprint of parity and age at first birth on the pattern of somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), transcriptomic profiles, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) levels of subsequent breast cancer.MethodsA total of 313 patients with primary breast cancer with available whole genome and RNA sequencing data were included in this study. We used a multivariate analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis, pathological stage, molecular subtypes and histological subtypes. We compared nulliparous vs. parous, late parous vs. early parous, and nulliparous vs. pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) patients. Late and early parous patients were grouped by using the median age at first birth as a cut-off value. PABC was defined as patients diagnosed up to 10 years postpartum.ResultsGenomic alterations of breast cancer are associated with age at first birth but not parity status alone. Independently of clinicopathological features, early parous patients developed tumors characterized by a higher number of Indels (Padj = 0.002), a lower frequency of CDH1 mutations (1.2% vs. 12.7% Padj = 0.013), a higher frequency of TP53 mutations (50% vs. 22.5%; Padj = 0.010) and MYC amplification (28% vs. 7% Padj = 0.008), and a lower prevalence of mutational signature 2. PABC were associated with increased TILs infiltration (Padj = 0.0495).ConclusionsThese findings highlight an unprecedented link between reproductive history and the genomic landscape of subsequent breast cancer. With the rapid development of precision oncology, this work advocates that reproductive history should not be underestimated in future clinical studies of breast cancer.
Functional connectivity reveals dissociable ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms for the control of multilingual word retrieval
Authors: Branzi Francesca M. , Martin Clara D. , Carreiras Manuel , Paz-alonso Pedro M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA fundamental cognitive operation involved in speech production is word retrieval from the mental lexicon, which in monolinguals is supported by dissociable ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive control. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study established whether in multilinguals word retrieval is supported by the same prefrontal mechanisms, and whether proactive modulation consists in suppression of the non-target lexicon. Healthy multilingual volunteers participated in a task that required them to name pictures alternatively in their dominant and less-dominant language. Two crucial variables were manipulated: the cue-target interval (CTI) to either engage (long CTI) or prevent proactive control processes (short CTI), and the cognate status of the pictures to-be-named (non-cognates versus cognates) to capture the presence of selective pre-activation of the target language. Results support the two-process account of vlPFC and indicate that multilinguals engage in proactive control to prepare the target language. This proactive modulation, enacted by anterior vlPFC, is achieved by boosting the activation of lexical representations of the target language. Control processes supported by mid-vlPFC and left inferior parietal lobe together, are similarly engaged in pre-and post-word retrieval, possibly exerted on phonological representations to reduce cross-language interference.Significance StatementWord retrieval in monolingual speech production is enacted by left ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) supporting controlled access to conceptual representations (proactive control), and left mid-vlPFC supporting post-retrieval lexical selection (reactive control). In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we demonstrate that multilingual word retrieval is supported by similar prefrontal mechanisms. However, differently from monolinguals, multilingual speakers retrieve words by applying proactive control on lexical representations to reduce cross-language interference. Alternatively to what it has been proposed by one of the most influential models, here we show that this proactive modulation is achieved by boosting the activation of lexical representations of the target language.
Roles of motion perception and visual acuity for driving hazard perception
Authors: Moharrer Mojtaba , Tang Xiaolan , Luo Gang 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSEThere are many visually impaired people who can drive legally with bioptic telescope. Drawing on the experience of drivers with reduced vision, this study investigated the role of motion perception and visual acuity in driving, under simulated low visual acuity.METHODSTwenty normally sighted participants took part in a driving hazard perception (HP) test, in four different conditions: with/without motion interruption and with/without simulated low visual acuity. In interrupted motion conditions a mask frame was inserted between every frame of the driving videos. In simulated low visual acuity conditions, participants wore glasses with diffusing filters that lowered their visual acuity to 20/120 on average. Participants’ response time, hazard detection rates, and HP scores, which combined response time and detection rate, were compared.RESULTSRepeated measure ANOVA revealed that the HP scores significantly declined from 20.46 to 16.82 due to the motion mask (F(1,19)= 9.343, p = 0.006). However, simulated low visual acuity did not affect HP scores (F(1,19) = 1.807, p = 0.195). The interaction between vision and mask was not significant (F(1,19) = 1. 295, p = 0.269). The decline in score was mostly due to significant decrease in detection rate, from 0.80 to 0.64, due to the motion mask (F(1,19) = 16.686, p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this experimental setting, human observers relied largely on motion information for detecting driving hazards, rather than high visual acuity. This finding might help explain how visually impaired drivers can compensate for their impaired vision during driving.
The Effects of Varying Gravito-inertial Stressors on Grip Strength and Hemodynamic Responses Across Gender
Authors: White Olivier , Barbiero Marie , Goswami Nandu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe body behaves as a global system with many interconnected subsystems. While the effects of a gravitational change on body responses have been extensively studied in isolation, we are not aware of any study that examined two types of body responses concurrently. Here, we examined how the neurocognitive and cardiovascular systems interact in this singular context and whether these combined responses are influenced by gender. Ten women and nine men underwent three 5-minute centrifugation sessions (2.4g at the feet, 1.5g at the heart) in which participants rhythmically moved a hand-held object for 20 seconds. Grip force and hemodynamic responses were continuously measured during centrifugation and rest periods. Our results show that men optimize the modulation between grip force and the destabilizing load force, but not women. Exposure to artificial gravity induced higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure in both genders compared to baseline. However, during exposure, only women decreased heart rate across sessions. Interestingly, we found that Finishers (N=13, mostly men) and Non-Finishers (N=6, mostly women) exhibited divergent patterns of hemodynamic responses. We also suggest that the lack of grip force adaptation reported in women can be linked to challenged hemodynamic responses in that population. Finally, by deriving a simple model to predict failure to complete the experiment, we found that mean arterial pressure was the most relevant dimension, and not gender. As artificial gravity is being proposed as a countermeasure in long-term manned missions, our results are particularly important but also deserve follow-up studies.
Increased number and activity of a lateral subpopulation of hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons underlies the expression of an addicted state in rats
Authors: James Morgan H , Stopper Colin M , Zimmer Benjamin A , Koll Nikki E , Bowrey Hannah E , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe orexin system is important for reward-driven motivation but has not been implicated in the expression of a multi-phenotype addicted state.MethodsRats were assessed for economic demand for cocaine prior to and following 14d of short- (ShA), long- (LgA) or intermittent-access (IntA) to cocaine. Rats were also assessed for a number of other DSM- V-relevant addiction criteria following differential access conditions. Orexin system function was assessed by i) quantification of numbers and activity of orexin cells, ii) pharmacological blockade of the orexin-1 receptor, and iii) subregion-specific knockdown of orexin cell populations.ResultsIntA produced a cluster of addiction-like behaviors that closely recapitulate key diagnostic criteria for addiction to a greater extent than LgA or ShA. IntA was associated with plasticity in orexin cell function, including increased number and activity of orexin-expressing neurons within the lateral hypothalamic (LH) subregion. This plasticity persisted during protracted withdrawal from cocaine for at least 6 months and was associated with enhanced incubation of craving. Selective knockdown of LH orexin neurons reversed the addicted state, and orexin-1 receptor signaling played a larger role in drug seeking after IntA.ConclusionsThese data provide the first evidence that LH orexin system function extends beyond general reward seeking to play a critical role in the expression of a multi-phenotype addicted-like state. Thus, the orexin/hypocretin system is a potential novel target for pharmacotherapies designed to treat cocaine addiction. In addition, these data point to the IntA model as a preferred approach to modeling addictionlike behavior in rats.
Exosomes are key regulators of non-cell autonomous communication in senescence
Authors: Borghesan Michela , Fafián-Labora Juan , Carpintero-Fernández Paula , Ximenez-Embun Pilar , Peinado Hector , Muñoz Javier , O’Loghlen Ana 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYSenescence is a cellular phenotype characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest and the secretion of inflammatory proteins, denominated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is important in influencing the behavior of neighboring cells and altering the microenvironment; yet, until now this role has been mainly attributed to soluble factors. Here, we report that extracellular vesicles also alter the environment by transmitting the senescent phenotype to other cells via exosomes (extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin). A combination of functional assays, Cre-/oxP reporter systems, proteomic analysis and RNAi screens confirm that exosomes form part of the senescent secretome and mediate paracrine senescence via the activation of a non-canonical interferon (IFN) pathway. Altogether, we speculate that exosomes could be drivers of tissue degeneration both locally and systemically during aging and age- related disease.
Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict the bioavailability of levodopa, the primary treatment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: van Kessel Sebastiaan P. , Frye Alexandra K. , El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Castejon Maria , Keshavarzian Ali , van Dijk Gertjan , Aidy Sahar El 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman gut bacteria play a critical role in the regulation of immune and metabolic systems, as well as in the function of the nervous system. The microbiota senses its environment and responds by releasing metabolites, some of which are key regulators of human health and disease. In this study, we identify and characterize gut-associated bacteria in their ability to decarboxylate L-DOPA (also known as Levodopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) to dopamine via the tyrosine decarboxylases, which are mainly present in the class Bacilli. Although the bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases have a higher affinity for tyrosine compared to L-DOPA, this does not affect their ability to decarboxylate L-DOPA, nor does any inhibitor of the human decarboxylase. This study indicates thatin situbioavailability of L-DOPA is compromised by the gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase abundance in Parkinson’s patients. Finally, we show that the tyrosine decarboxylase abundance in the microbiota at the site of L-DOPA absorption, the proximal small intestine, significantly influences L-DOPA bioavailability in the plasma of rats. Our results highlight the role of microbial metabolism in drug bioavailability, and specifically, that small intestinal abundance of bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase can explain the highly variable L-DOPA dosage regimens required in the treatment of individual Parkinson’s patients.HighlightsSmall intestinal bacteria is able to convert L-DOPA to dopamineL-DOPA metabolism by gut bacteria reduce the bioavailability of L-DOPA in the body, thus is a significant explanatory factor of the highly variable L-DOPA dosage regimens required in the treatment of individual Parkinson’s patients.Inhibitors of the human DOPA decarboxylase are not potent inhibitors for bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases
Resolving challenges in quantitative modeling of microbial community dynamics
Authors: Hart Samuel F. M. , Mi Hanbing , Green Robin , Xie Li , Bello Pineda Jose Mario , Momeni Babak , Shou Wenying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicrobial communities can perform biochemical activities that monocultures cannot. Controlling communities requires an understanding of community dynamics. Here, we mathematically predict the growth rate of an engineered community consisting of twoS. cerevisiaestrains, each releasing a metabolite required and consumed by the partner. Initial model parameters were based on strain phenotypes measured in batch mono-cultures with zero or excess metabolite, and failed to quantitatively predict experimental results. To resolve model-experiment discrepancy, we chemically identified the correct exchanged metabolites, but this did not improve model performance. We then re-measured strain phenotypes in chemostats mimicking the metabolite-limited community environments, while mitigating or incorporating effects of rapid evolution. Almost all phenotypes we measured varied significantly with the metabolite environment. Once we used parameters measured in community-like chemostat environments, prediction agreed with experimental results. In summary, using a simplified community, we uncovered, and devised means to resolve, modeling challenges that are likely general.
Exploring the limits of network topology estimation using diffusion-based tractography and tracer studies in the macaque cortex
Authors: Shen Kelly , Goulas Alexandros , Grayson David , Eusebio John , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , McIntosh Anthony R. , Everling Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReconstructing the anatomical pathways of the brain to study the human connectome has become an important endeavour for understanding brain function and dynamics. Reconstruction of the cortico-cortical connectivity matrix in vivo often relies on noninvasive diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques but the extent to which they can accurately represent the topological characteristics of structural connectomes remains unknown. We explored this question by constructing connectomes using DWI data collected from macaque monkeys in vivo and with data from published invasive tracer studies. We found the strength of fiber tracts was well estimated from DWI and topological properties like degree and modularity were captured by tractography-based connectomes. Rich-club/core-periphery type architecture could also be detected but the classification of hubs using betweenness centrality, participation coefficient and core-periphery identification techniques was inaccurate. Our findings indicate that certain aspects of cortical topology can be faithfully represented in noninvasively-obtained connectomes while other network analytic measures warrant cautionary interpretations.