bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egocentric Network Analysis. Foundations, Methods, and Models
Authors: Molina González José Luis 
Published: December 2018

Pocas veces he tenido la sensación de entender tantas cosas leyendo un libro como con Egocentric Network Analysis: Foundations, Methods, and Models, de Brea L. Perry, Bernice A. Pescosolido y Stephen P. Borgatti. Es uno de esos libros donde cada lector encuentra justo lo que estaba buscando, una definición, un concepto, una medida, una reflexión. Como el ya clásico Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications de Stanley Wasserman y Katherine Faust (1994) éste es un libro que también se propone delinear y compendiar un campo teórico mirando al futuro. Y creo que lo consigue. Es justo decir que los autores han reunido de forma equilibrada tanto la reflexión teórica basada en una revisión autorizada de la literatura y sus métodos, como una agenda de investigación dentro del campo de la ciencia de las redes. Eran las personas adecuadas para hacerlo.
Simultaneous Quantification of Pharmacological Markers Quercetin and Berberine Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from a Polyherbal Formulation Pushyanuga Churna
Authors: Shailajan Sunita , Patil Yugandhara , Joshi Mayuresh , Menon Sasikumar , Mhatre Mandar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Ayurvedic medicines show great promise due to their holistic approach in the treatment of diseases. But proper standardization is necessary for their integration into mainstream medicine. One such well-known formulation is Pushyanuga Churna. As safety and efficacy of a multiherbal formulation is dependent on the authenticity of the ingredients used, chromatographic techniques play a significant role in the quality control of complex herbal medicines. Objective: In the current research, marker-based standardization of Pushyanuga Churna using validated HPTLC and HPLC methods have been established. Methods: Pushyanuga Churna was prepared in-house using authentic ingredients. Pharmacologically active biomarkers quercetin and berberine were simultaneously estimated using validated HPTLC and HPLC methods. Chromatographic fingerprints were developed for the formulation along with all the ingredients that can be used as tools to identify Pushyanuga Churna. Results: In-house formulation and Patanjali (marketed formulation) were observed to be rich in both markers. Quercetin was found to be more abundant than berberine in the ingredients. The deviation of marker content in marketed formulations can be attributed to variation in the ingredients used in the preparation. Conclusions: The routine use of such scientifically accepted methods will help in establishing the quality of the formulation and help in building confidence in traditional medicine. Highlights: The study highlights evaluation of biomarkers from the formulation and its ingredients as an important method to ensure the batch to batch consistency in quality of the formulation.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Active Constituents in a Polyherbal Ointment by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Patel Vishal R , Soni Hardik K , Trivedi Vikram B , Patel Jigna B , Jain Suresh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: The simultaneous, quantitative determination of all active ingredients present in the analgesic formulation (Dazzle ointment) requires an ideal and novel method by which these phytoconstituents can be separated with the highest resolution without any interference from one another. Objective: The present work was conducted to develop and validate a quantitative method for the simultaneous estimation of all five phytoconstituents present in a polyherbal analgesic ointment by GC. Methods: α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate present in the ingredients of the ointment were analyzed and quantified by GC using a crosslinked 5% phenyl polydimethylsiloxane capillary column, nitrogen as a carrier gas, and a flame-ionization detector. Aniline was used as the internal standard. Method validation was also performed in order to demonstrate its selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. Results: The calibration curves of all five marker compounds showed good linear correlation coefficients (r2 &gt;0.998) within the tested ranges. The precision of the method was tested by carrying out intra- and interday analyses of the same sample. RSD values were observed to be &lt;1.00%. The accuracy of the method, determined by performing recovery studies, was found to be between 99.25 and 101.39%. The developed method was also demonstrated to be robust (RSD &lt;1.29%) by making small but deliberate variations in method parameters. Conclusions: The developed GC method is simple, precise, and accurate, it and can be used for the rapid quality control testing of the polyherbal formulation. Highlights: The developed GC method will assist in the standardization of polyherbal analgesic formulation consists of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate as active constituents.
Los efectos de la posverdad en la democracia
Authors: Rubio Núñez Rafael 
Published: December 2018

Resumen:Política y verdad no van siempre de la mano. Tradicionalmente la diversidad de actores políticos, el derecho a la información y el papel de los medios de comunicación ha logrado un equilibrio imprescindible para el desarrollo de la democracia. La tecnología ha transformado de manera revolucionaria la comunicación, impactando en las formas de captar, almacenar, producir, distribuir y percibir la información convertida en materia prima imprescindible de las relaciones económicas, industriales y sociales. Esta transformación afecta de manera especial a la política, con la aparición de un nuevo tipo de trastornos informativos que inciden no sólo en la capacidad de distribución, sino también en el tiempo de la misma, la sentimentalización de las decisiones políticas, la fragmentación de la opinión pública, la creación de esferas públicas paralelas polarizadas y la creación de un clima de sospecha general que pone en cuestión el papel de la verdad y pone en peligro la democracia, más allá de los periodos electorales.Summary:1. Communication and Society. 1.1. Truth and Politics: a weird relationship. 2. Not such a novelty. 3. What is post-truth politics? 3.1. What is new about post-truth politics? 3.1.a. Fiction or reality? 3.1.b The importance of image. 3.1.c A distorted reality. / The distortion of reality. 3.1.d. Timing. 3.1.e. Transparency and information overload. 3.1.f. Perception and cognitive dissonance. 3.1.g. Fragmentation and polarization. 3.1.h. Hyperconnectivity and communication parties. 4. Truth and Democracy. 5. The effects of post-truth politics on democracy. 6. Catalonia: a testing ground for post-truth politics. Abstract:Politics and truth do not always go hand in hand. Traditionally, the diversity of political actors, access to information and the role of the media have achieved an essential balance for the development of democracy. Technology has transformed communication in a revolutionary way, influencing the ways of producing, transmitting, distributing and perceiving information, converted into essential raw material for economic, industrial and social relations. This transformation affects politics in a special way, with the appearance of a new type of information disruptions which affect not only the distribution capacity, but also the timing of it, the sentimentalization of political decisions, the fragmentation of the public opinion, the creation of polarized parallel public spheres and the creation of a climate of general suspicion that questions the role of truth and endangers democracy, beyond the electoral periods.
Dynamique et transmission linguistique au Sénégal au cours des 25 dernières années1
Authors: Diouf Ibrahima , Tidiane Ndiaye Cheikh , Binta Dieme Ndèye 
Published: December 2018

Véhicule de connaissances traditionnelles, les langues autochtones au Sénégal
subissent aujourd’hui l’effet combiné des nouvelles configurations familiales et des
dynamiques migratoires. Dans l’administration publique et l’enseignement, le français s’est
imposé. Partant des quatre derniers recensements généraux de population, cette étude
présente l’évolution des caractéristiques démo-linguistiques de la population du Sénégal.
L’accent est mis sur une analyse dynamique de la langue maternelle, les questions de
transfert ou de substitution au profit d’une langue d’usage et la place du français dans
l’univers linguistique national. Ces préoccupations rejoignent la question lancinante de
l’introduction des langues africaines à l’école qui constitue encore le noeud gordien du
système éducatif sénégalais. Comment évoluent les langues maternelles au Sénégal ? Dans
quelles zones ou aires géographiques les enfants perdent-ils la pratique des langues
familiales ? Répondre à toutes ces questions nous permettra de dresser l’architecture
linguistique qui mettra en valeur, non seulement les langues locales, mais également les
parlers nationaux qui faciliteront leur intégration dans le système éducatif.
Langues parlées au sein du ménage et assimilation linguistique au Bénin
Authors: Amadou Sanni Mouftaou 
Published: December 2018

Par comparaison de l’appartenance ethnique et la principale langue parlée au sein du ménage tel que déclarée au recensement de la population de 2013, cet article examine l’assimilation linguistique au Bénin. Son taux est estimé à 7 % dans le pays. Phénomène quasi urbain, il affecte tous les groupes ethniques à l’extérieur de leurs aires d’implantation, mais plus souvent les personnes non apparentées au chef de ménage, soupçonnant le rôle des migrations. Le fon, qui assimile systématiquement l’adja et le yoruba en recul est la véritable langue en expansion. Le dendi assimile également les langues nationales du Nord-Bénin, avec une légère expansion. Mais si l’assimilation linguistique s’accomplit vers le fon ou le dendi, elle l’est sûrement aussi vers le français ; c’est la première langue d’assimilation des personnes non apparentées au chef dans les ménages des agglomérations urbaines. Une analyse approfondie centrée sur l’âge et le sexe permettra plus d’éclairage sur les facteurs de ce phénomène.
Plurilinguisme au sein des familles canadiennes : les langues officielles pénètrent l’espace familial des Canadiens de toutes origines1
Authors: Lepage Jean-François 
Published: December 2018

L’importance du rôle de l’immigration dans la croissance démographique exerce une forte influence sur l’évolution des dynamiques linguistiques et du paysage linguistique au Canada. Les derniers recensements canadiens permettent de constater une diversification linguistique dont témoigne la part croissante des langues maternelles et des langues d’usage au foyer tierces (autres que française ou anglaise). On observe une croissance des « situations complexes » dans l’utilisation des langues au foyer : la proportion de la population qui n’utilise que sa langue maternelle à la maison a diminué de 4,5 points de pourcentage entre 2001 et 2016. On constate le fort pouvoir d’attraction de la langue majoritaire, particulièrement dans le cas de l’anglais. La « complexification » du portrait linguistique familial est majoritairement le fait de l’ajout d’une langue officielle, principalement la langue officielle majoritaire. Plus de 80 % des enfants issus de couples de langue maternelle tierce sont exposés sur une base régulière à au moins une langue officielle à la maison.
La mortalité des médecins au Québec entre 1993 et 2010 : une estimation à partir de données administratives1
Authors: Azeredo Teixeira Ana Cristina , Bourbeau Robert 
Published: December 2018

Plusieurs études démontrent l’existence d’une association entre la mortalité et le statut socioéconomique : les personnes appartenant aux catégories sociales les plus favorisées ont une mortalité plus faible que celles appartenant aux catégories défavorisées. Les données nécessaires à ce type d’analyse ne sont pas toujours disponibles et des études sont parfois menées auprès des groupes professionnels spécifiques. Cet article fournit une estimation de la mortalité des hommes médecins au Québec faite à partir des données d’un fichier administratif du Collège des médecins du Québec. Les résultats obtenus montrent une diminution de la mortalité des hommes médecins au cours de la période étudiée (1993 à 2010), mais les différences ne sont significatives que pour les groupes d’âge à partir d’environ 60 ans. Lorsqu’on compare la mortalité des médecins à celle de l’ensemble de la population masculine québécoise, nous constatons une mortalité plus faible chez les hommes médecins inscrits au tableau des membres du Collège des médecins. Finalement, cette étude ne montre pas de différence significative entre la mortalité des hommes médecins omnipraticiens et celle des hommes médecins spécialistes.
Présentation
Authors: Baya-Laffite Nicolas , Benbouzid Bilel 
Published: December 2018

S’il est admis que les techniques d’enquête en sociologie — et les modes de raisonnement qui leur sont associés — sont étroitement liées à leurs contextes institutionnels et intellectuels d’apparition, comment le développement des écosystèmes numériques transforme-t-il actuellement les manières de savoir sur le social ? Dans cet article introductif, nous observons la façon dont les sciences sociales computationnelles (SSC) et les humanités numériques mettent en tension la sociologie. D’un côté, les sciences sociales computationnelles concurrencent la sociologie en traitant de ses objets les plus classiques, mais dans une perspective prédictive qui ne lui est pas familière. D’un autre côté, les humanités numériques s’imaginent comme le chapiteau des sciences sociales, mais avec une offre numérique qui s’inscrit dans la tradition méthodologique de l’exégèse textuelle de laquelle les sociologues cherchent à se distancier. La sociologie se trouve comme prise dans l’étau des sciences sociales computationnelles et des humanités numériques. Nous avons observé trois types de réactions face à cette situation — la protection, la conservation et l’adaptation — qui montrent à quel point le numérique pénètre progressivement la discipline sociologique, depuis son propre coeur. Pour que celle-ci devienne pleinement numérique, il convient néanmoins de faciliter les conditions d’accès aux données numériques, notamment en discutant le cadre juridique, économique et technique des écosystèmes numériques de la recherche publique.
NKB signaling in the posterodorsal medial amygdala stimulates gonadotropin release in a kisspeptin-independent manner in female mice
Authors: Fergani Chrysanthi , Leon Silvia , Padilla Stephanie L , Verstegen Anne MJ , Palmiter Richard D , Navarro Victor M 
Published: December 2018

Neurokinin B (NKB) signaling is critical for reproduction in all studied species. The existing consensus is that NKB induces GnRH release via kisspeptin (Kiss1) stimulation in the arcuate nucleus. However, the stimulatory action of NKB is dependent on circulating estrogen (E2) levels, without which, NKB inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Importantly, the evidence supporting the kisspeptin-dependent role of NKB, derives from models of persistent hypogonadal state [e.g. Kiss1r knock-out (KO) mice], with reduced E2 levels. Here, we demonstrate that in the presence of E2, NKB signaling induces LH release in a kisspeptin-independent manner through the activation of NK3R (NKB receptor) neurons in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD). Importantly, we show that chemogenetic activation of MePD Kiss1 neurons induces LH release, however, the stimulatory action of NKB in this area is Kiss1 neuron-independent. These results document the existence of two independent neuronal circuitries within the MePD that regulate reproductive function in females.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
The Impact of Inflation and Operating Cycle on the Corporate Cash Holdings in South-East Europe
Authors: Naumoski Aleksandar , Juhász Péter 
Published: December 2018

Determining optimal cash holding is one of the most crucial issues in the corporate financial management aiming to maximise the shareholder value. The optimum of corporate cash amount is not only dependent on many company-specific factors, but it is also associated with both the corporate governance structure and the institutional and macroeconomic environment. Earlier research papers showed that at the macro level, companies adjust their cash holdings to the changes in the level of the inflation and, at the micro level, to the changes of the operating cycle linked to the turnover of the corporate cash flow. This paper investigates the determinants of corporate cash holdings for a sample of 868 firms from ten South-East European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia and Turkey). More specifically, we investigate the influence of the inflation and the corporate operating cycle on the corporate cash holdings. Using company financial data and the country CPI for the period 2006-2015, we apply a balanced panel regression model involving the yearly change of the cash ratio as a dependent variable, and country CPI, operating cycle and other firm-specific control variables as explanatory variables. Results confirm that both the inflation rate and the operating cycle have substantial influence on the change of the corporate cash holdings also in the region. The relationship of the change in cash and the inflation is non-linear and best described by a U-shaped curve. That means that corporate cash holdings decrease as the level of inflation increases to a critical point but beyond that, the cash holdings start to increase. At the same time, we identified a straight linear relationship between the change in cash holdings and the length of the operating cycle. Also, we found that the change in the corporate cash holdings is positively related to the size of the company, the operating cash flow and the capital expenditures. In addition, it is inversely associated with both the change of the net working capital and the change of short and long-term debt.
Feeding response of the tropical copepod Acartia erythraea to short-term thermal stress: more animal-derived food was consumed
Authors: Hu Simin , Liu Sheng , Wang Lingli , Li Tao , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study was to explore the feeding response of tropical copepods to short-term thermal shock and provide insight into the potential impact of coastal power plants on the trophic dynamics of tropical coastal ecosystems. Feeding experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (29 °C, 33 °C, and 35 °C) using the copepod Acartia erythraea, collected from Sanya Bay, China. The grazing rate of A. erythraea decreased dramatically in the high temperature treatment. Analysis of 18S rDNA clone libraries revealed that the diet of copepods from different treatments was mainly comprised of diatoms, metazoans, and protozoans; A. erythraea exhibited an obvious feeding preference shift with temperature, with a change from a diatom-dominated diet at 29 °C to a metazoan-dominated diet at 35 °C, and the omnivory index shifted from 0.1 to 2.84 correspondingly. Furthermore, A. erythraea showed a positive feeding response to plant food (i.e., phytoplankton and land plants) in the control treatment (29 °C), but a positive response to animal prey (i.e., metazoans and protozoans) at temperatures exceeding 33 °C, as evaluated by the Ivlev’s selectivity index. Our results suggest that copepods could regulate their food intake by considering their energy demands when exposed to short-term thermal stress, which might influence the pathway of materials moving up the trophic system. However, further studies are required to elucidate the effects of elevated temperature on feeding of different organisms in order to predict the influence of thermal pollution on the food web of tropical coastal ecosystems.
Bioreactor Scale‐Up
Authors: Xu Sen , Bowers John , Seamans T. Craig , Nyberg Gregg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale bioreactors are used for producing biological products (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, enzymes) expressed in mammalian cells. Compared with small‐scale bioreactors, they are intrinsically more challenging in mixing and mass transfer and require more optimization. Proper bioreactor scale‐up is needed to ensure productivity and product quality. Here, common approaches and challenges in industrial mammalian cell culture scale‐up are covered. These are different from the scale‐up challenges and methodologies typically used in microbial bioreactors, since cell‐culture bioreactors operate in different agitation power and gas flow regimes. Engineering considerations including mass transfer, mixing, and hydrodynamic stress are presented in detail. Single‐use bioreactors are focused due to their rapid adoption by industry in clinical and commercial production. Though the main body of this article is on suspension cultures, special considerations in scaling‐up microcarrier‐based cultures are also briefly discussed. Finally, new challenges and desired improvements in scaling up high density cultures are presented.
Evaluating the Perception Among Rheumatologists of Maintenance of Board Certification in the US
Authors: Sawalha Amr H. , Coit Patrick 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThere continues to be a debate about the value and purpose of maintenance of certification (MOC) programs in the US. The goal of this study is to assess the impact, value, and purpose of MOC programs in rheumatology.MethodsA survey was sent to 3,107 rheumatologists in the US. The survey addressed how rheumatologists perceive the value and impact of MOC programs on rheumatology practice and patient care.ResultsA total of 515 rheumatologists completed this survey. The majority (74.8%) believed there was no significant value in MOC, beyond what is already achieved from continuing medical education. Most rheumatologists did not believe MOC was valuable in improving patient care (63.5%), and the majority felt that the primary reason for creating MOC was either the financial well‐being of board‐certifying organizations (43.4%) or to satisfy administrative requirements in health systems (30%). Although 65.6% perceived that staying current with new medical knowledge was a positive impact of MOC programs, the MOC was perceived to result in time away from providing patient care (74.6%) and time away from family (74%). When asked about potential effects of requiring MOC, 77.7% reported physician burnout, 67.4% early physician retirement, and 63.9% anticipated an effect on reducing the overall number of practicing rheumatologists.ConclusionThe majority of rheumatologists do not believe there is significant value for MOC programs. There is evidence for lack of trust in board‐certifying organizations, and rheumatologists believe MOC programs contribute to physician burnout, early retirement, and loss in the rheumatology workforce.