bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of a New Pain Assessment Mobile Health Application by Family Carers of People with Dementia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hussein Areej , Moullin Joanna , Stafford Andrew , Hughes Jeffery , Quested Eleanor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study identified potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a medical device in the form of a mobile health (mHealth) application, (app) called PainChek®, by family carers of individuals with dementia in the Australian community setting. Focus groups and a phone interview took place with family carers and healthcare professionals. Data were analysed thematically. 6 family carers and 8 healthcare professionals participated across 2 focus groups and 1 phone interview. Themes related to the user, innovation/PainChek®, and contextual factors were identified. Barriers to use included age, physical limitations, cost, technical issues, misinterpretation of how PainChek® works, and influence of family. Facilitators included a willingness to use mHealth Apps and previous experience. Some themes acted as both barriers and facilitators depending on the situation such as the healthcare team's acceptance. Targeted interventions and support strategies, leveraging facilitators are essential to overcome barriers related to user, intervention, and context and to enhance successful PainChek® implementation, thereby improving pain management in individuals with dementia. Future research is recommended to develop effective implementation strategies to utilise the facilitators and overcome the barriers to improve the implementation of PainChek®.
A Quick-Scan Methodology Incorporating Local Knowledge for Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessments Applied in Kampala
Authors: Polgár Ana M. , Carton Linda J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA surge in publications on climate change vulnerability and risk assessments in recent years reflects the escalating impacts of climate change. These assessments are crucial for improving climate change adaptation planning. City-level integrated climate risk and vulnerability assessments (CRVAs) are increasingly relevant, particularly for African cities facing heightened vulnerability from local climate impacts and urbanization. There are several practical challenges in the context of Sub-Saharan African cities: 1) research capacity limitations; 2) the heterogeneity of settlements and their infrastructure; 3) data availability and accessibility; and 4) inclusion of local knowledge in the data collection process. This study aims to address these challenges through an integrated quick-scan CRVA approach. The methodology was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to be conducted on distance with local partners, and tested through an instrumental case study in Kampala, Uganda. The case of Kampala shows the execution and resulting scan, with mapped districts where climate threats are urgent, summarized in so-called ‘neighbourhood profiles’. The method description and its implementation demonstrate that this form of CRVA methodology holds the potential to: (a) expedite city-wide climate assessments; (b) provide a filter procedure and a classification of diverse needs across districts; (c) bring together ‘insider knowledge’ and ‘outsider expertise’ and (d) establish knowledge collaborations across distances and scales. In just a few months’ time, the project team navigated in both informal community systems and formal institutional frameworks. Preferable to the alternative of complete absence of vulnerability assessments, the described ‘quick-scan method’ may be worthwhile for other African cities.
Assessing the Effects of Dasatinib on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
Authors: Heinrichs David P. , Maldonado Vitali V. , Ardana I. Kade K. , Porter Ryan M. , Samsonraj Rebekah M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Progressive aging, or senescence, of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is a major obstacle faced when trying to culture potent stem cells for use in therapy. Senescent cells are irreversibly nondividing cells that cease performing critical functional effects. Elimination of senescent cells using biochemical means, such as the use of senolytic drugs like dasatinib, may be useful in retaining the viable and proliferating populations of the cells.

Methods
An in vitro approach was used to investigate the effect of dasatinib on phenotypic, genotypic, and immunomodulatory functionality of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiated MSCs. Replicative senescence was achieved through multiple sub-culturing in vitro, then senescent and non-senescent cultures were treated with a standard dosage of dasatinib. MSCs were then differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic cultures using conditioned media to be tested for the three criteria being investigated.

Results
Significant changes were observed in these criteria, indicated by evidence gathered from proliferation and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity assays. Phenotypic results of dasatinib were shown to reduce the population of senescent MSCs while allowing non-senescent MSCs to continue differentiating and proliferating without interference from senescent cells. Genotypic results showed no change to upregulation in markers associated with osteogenic and adipogenic cells when exposed to dasatinib. Indoleamine Dioxygenase activity showed insignificant differences in cells exposed to dasatinib versus control groups, providing evidence against compromised cellular immune function.

Conclusion
This investigation provides insight into how dasatinib effects MSCs functional ability and provides a better understanding of the function of senolytic agents.
An Equine-Assisted Intervention Versus Non-Manualized Psychotherapy for Youth in a Residential Childcare Facility
Authors: Berg Erika L. , Gooch Mike , Feldmann Laura M. , Knight Bettye , Verlaine Jess , Bach-Gorman Amber 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCharacteristics of individuals with disruptive behavior disorders often include elevated externalizing behaviors such as impulsivity, defiance of authority and antagonism of social norms. Evidence shows that adolescents diagnosed with these types of disorders are particularly challenging to treat; however, therapies incorporating horses have shown some success. We examined the impact of an equine-assisted intervention compared to a non-manualized cognitive behavioral therapy in youth between 12- and 18-years old living in a residential childcare facility. Upon admittance, youth were administered three assessments: the Youth Self-Report, Adolescent Psychopathology Scale, and Basic Empathy Scale. Youth scoring in the clinical range for at least one externalizing subscale of the Youth Self-Report were assigned to equine-assisted intervention (EQI; N = 23) or non-manualized cognitive behavioral therapy (NM-CBT; N = 20) groups. Each group received a total of 7 h of treatment per week (three 2-hr group sessions and one 1-hr individual session) for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of treatment, the same three assessments were administered a second time. There were no significant differences between the NM-CBT and EQI groups in the amount of change between assessments. A significant time effect was found for total externalizing behaviors in the Adolescent Psychopathology Scale and Youth Self-Report such that these measures were within the normal range after 24 weeks of treatment for participants in both groups.
Genotype and Plant Biostimulant Treatments Influence Tuber Size and Quality of Potato Grown in the Pedoclimatic Conditions in Northern Apennines in Italy
Authors: Cortiello Marina , Milc Justyna , Sanfelici Alessio , Martini Serena , Tagliazucchi Davide , Caccialupi Giovanni , Ben Hassine Mortadha , Giovanardi Davide , Francia Enrico , Caradonia Federica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn marginal mountain areas, farm management presents challenges, particularly the sustainable improvement of yield and quality. To ensure this agronomic result, it is crucial to select appropriate varieties and apply sustainable agricultural practices, such as the use of plant biostimulants. To address these challenges a two-year field study was conducted using three potato varieties (Désirée, Kennebec and Spunta) in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. These varieties were treated with two plant biostimulants: one based on hydrolyzed proteins from animal epithelial tissue (Fitostim®) and another based on seaweed extracts (FitostimAlga®). Agronomic and biochemical traits were used to evaluate the development of plants, yield and tubers quality. Significant interactions among factors were found, resulting in higher or lower efficiency of the plant biostimulant treatment depending on weather conditions and potato genotype. Furthermore, results demonstrated that plant biostimulant treatments increased the leaf chlorophyll content (+ 11.5%), the number of leaves per plant (+ 13.3%) and the height of potato plants (+ 6.5%), while no effects were observed on yield. The Désirée variety achieved the highest yield (0.54 kg plant-1), whereas Kennebec was shown as the best variety to use for production of French fries due to a lower tuber quantity of reducing sugars, which were reduced also by plant biostimulants treatment (-18%). Moreover, Spunta tubers had the highest content of polyphenols, and the best value was achieved by Spunta variety treated with Fitostim® alga in the second year. Our finding have proven that plant biostimulant treatments can increase the quality of potato tuber without compromising yield.
Impacts of climate change–simulated flooding and drought events–on terrestrial invertebrates (Enchytraeids and Collembolans)
Authors: Bicho Rita C. , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , Amorim Mónica J. B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Impacts of soil moisture levels from 10% to 100% on two soil invertebrates.

E. crypticus and F. Candida survived at extreme scenarios (10% and 100%).

For both species, reproduction was severely reduced in extreme scenarios.

Higher adaptative phenotypic plasticity for F. Candida compared to E. crypticus.

Knowledge on impacts of climate change on soil invertebrate communities is scarce. Amongst the biggest challenges are the increase in temperature and arid regions, while at the same time, in other parts of the planet, extreme precipitation events and flooding occur. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impacts of drought and flooding in soil invertebrates. Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida, model ecotoxicology test-species (OECD) were used to assess performance (survival, reproduction, size) in LUFA 2.2 soil moistened to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the soil water holding capacity (WHC). Overall, both species had high tolerance for drought and flooding scenarios, with survival threshold for E. crypticus being between 10% and 90% moisture and for F. candida being between 10% and 100% moisture. Reproduction decreased from moisture ⩽ 30% and >70% moisture. In drought there was a decrease on adults’ size, for both species from ⩽ 30% moisture. The morphological adaptations observed support evidence of adaptative phenotypic plasticity for both species, but highest for F. candida. A redistribution of soil invertebrate species can be expected to occur, this under the present and future climate change scenarios, with new and more tolerant species to prevail in different habitats. This will impact not only soil biodiversity structure, but also its function.
Developing a pipeline for identification, characterization and molecular editing of cis-regulatory elements: a case study in potato
Authors: Wan Min , Xie Handan , Guo Hongwei , Jing Shenglin , Zeng Deying , Li Bing , Zhu Bo , Zeng Zixian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrop breeding requires a balance of tradeoffs among key agronomic traits caused by gene pleiotropy. The molecular manipulation of genes can effectively improve target traits, but this may not reduce gene pleiotropy, potentially leading to undesirable traits or even lethal conditions. However, molecular editing of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of target genes may facilitate the dissection of gene pleiotropy to fine-tune gene expression. In this study, we developed a pipeline, in potato, which employs open chromatin to predict candidate CREs, along with both transient and genetic assays to validate the function of CREs and CRISPR/Cas9 to edit candidate CREs. We used StCDF1 as an example, a key gene for potato tuberization and identified a 288 bp-core promoter region, which showed photoperiodic inducibility. A homozygous CRISPR/Cas9-editing line was established, with two deletions in the core promoter, which displayed a reduced expression level, resulting in late tuberization under both long-day and short-day conditions. This pipeline provides an alternative pathway to improve a specific trait with limited downside on other phenotypes.
Intergenerational transmission of fertility: evidence from China's population control policies
Authors: Yin Yongkun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines how the number of siblings that parents have affects their fertility decisions in China. The population control policies in China affected individuals unequally across birth cohorts and regions. The exogenous variation in fertility is used to identify the effect of the number of siblings on the number of children for the next generation. The results show that a couple tends to have 0.034–0.068 more children (2.3–4.6% of the average number of children) and is 2.4–6.8 percentage points more likely to violate the One-Child Policy (9.3–27.1% of the violation rate) if the husband and the wife have one more sibling each. Moreover, the effect on fertility is stronger for couples in lower-income provinces where the fertility rate is higher and in rural areas where the One-Child Policy was enforced less strictly. Finally, I show that the ideal family size of the husband and wife is an important channel through which the number of siblings affects fertility. I also find that the effect of people's number of siblings has a larger effect on their ideal number of children than on their actual number of children, suggesting that they are constrained from achieving their fertility ideals.
The Effect of COVID-19 Phobia, Pain Severity, Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, and Fatigue Levels and Quality of Life on Academic Achievement: A Path Analysis
Authors: Depreli Özde , Mani Ece , Kırmızıgil Berkiye , Angın Ender , Çetintaş Erdoğan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Following the declaration of the pandemic, students’ education has to be done at a distance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated the association of university students’ COVID-19 phobia, pain severity, sleep quality, physical activity, fatigue levels, and quality of life on students’ achievement.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted by including 353 students from the university faculty of health sciences. The Pain Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess pain, the Fatigue Severity Scale to evaluate fatigue, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale to assess fear of disease, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form to evaluate physical activity level, and the Jenkins Sleep Scale to assess sleep quality, The Short Form-36 to determine the quality of life, and Online Learning Systems Acceptance Scale to evaluate satisfaction with distance education. Multiple linear regression and path analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with academic achievement.

Results
It was found that age (B = 0.045; P = 0.040), BMI (B = −0.200; P = 0.004), and physical (B = 0.128; P = 0.008), psychological (B = 0.057; P = 0.012) and social (B = 0.189; P = 0.018) domains of quality of life were associated with the level of achievement.

Conclusions
Precautions must be taken to improve students’ academic achievement and quality of life in preparing for the future against infectious and epidemic diseases.
Association Between Radiation Risk Perception Related to the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Induced by Media Reports of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Terui Toshihiro , Kunii Yasuto , Kawasaki Yukiko , Kakamu Takeyasu , Hidaka Tomoo , Yabe Hirooki , Miura Itaru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The Russian–Ukrainian War of 2022 (RUW-2022) was accompanied by the subsequent risk of accidents at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine. This study investigated posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms related to media reports of an attack on a Ukrainian nuclear power plant during the RUW-2022 among victims of the Fukushima nuclear disaster and revealed their association with radiation risk perception (RRP) of the accident.

Methods
This cross-sectional study targeted 1193 residents of Naraha Town in Fukushima Prefecture. PTS symptoms were measured using the Japanese version of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Univariate and multivariate analyses explored the association between IES-R scores and background factors, particularly RRP.

Results
Participants with higher RRP showed significantly higher IES-R scores; furthermore, the proportion of disruption because of radiation anxiety was significantly larger among higher RRP residents. Radiation anxiety mediated the association between RRP and PTS symptoms (total IES-R score and sub-item of intrusion).

Conclusions
People with higher RRP in Fukushima may continue to be at risk of persistent, unwanted PTS symptoms due to future nuclear crises. Therefore, mental health practitioners need to continue providing support in affected areas for a longer period than anticipated. Moreover, a population-based approach to cope with these stressors from media reports is essential.
Infant-carrying mechanisms in a natural environment: the case of Qashqai nomad
Authors: Anvari Zohreh , Berillon Gilles , D'Août Kristiaan , Grimaud-Hervé Dominique , Rezaei Mahtab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Infant carrying and more generally load carrying may impact bipedal locomotion and thus the energy cost of the daily activities, in living people but also in our ancestors. In order to improve our knowledge of infant carrying strategies we investigate the biomechanics of infant carrying in a non-mechanised group. The Qashqai are nomadic people who still carry loads and infants habitually without any daily assistance in varied natural environments. Our analysis focuses on the sagittal kinematics using a high-speed camera (joint angles, speed, position of the centre of mass) and kinetics (ground reaction forces and displacement of the centre of mass) using a six-degree of freedom force plate. We assessed the unloaded and loaded (infant) walking of 26 Qashqai women, living in the Fars province (Iran). The results demonstrate that different mechanisms of walking exist that are related to the mode of carrying and the weight of the infant, by which step length, walking speed and the lower limb angles are not affected. The displacement of the total centre of mass remains unchanged. This supports the hypothesis that the Qashqai have developed mechanisms of load carrying that limit the increase in energy consumption. This could be related to the usual high level of daily activity.
Reputation-surveillance model of mate guarding: community size and religious veiling
Authors: Pazhoohi Farid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The mate guarding theory of conservative clothing posits that veiling reduces women's physical allure and sexual attractiveness, thereby diminishing men's attraction towards them and deterring potential rivals for a woman's partner. This theory argues that the importance of veiling is influenced by ecological factors in a way that it is of higher importance to control women's sexuality in harsher environments to secure paternal investment. A prediction of this theory is that the importance of veiling should be influenced by community size, where individuals’ reputations, specifically men's, might have different weightings, and their perceived sense of controlling a partner's activity may differ. Using pre-existing data from seven countries encompassing over 9000 individuals, the current study explored the association of town size and importance of veiling for women. Results showed a U-shaped relationship where in small towns and large cities, individuals, specifically men, give more importance to the veiling of women. This finding not only has multiple implications in terms of the effect of community size on male policing behaviours of women and sexual restrictions, but it also might point to a wider relationship regarding the association of community size and moral values.
An integrated model of prosecutor decision-making
Authors: Bowman Rachel , Lowrey-Kinberg Belén , Gould Jon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSociolegal scholarship has long noted the many ways in which the law is interpreted and selectively applied by human decision-makers. Yet, the processes underlying one of the most significant discretionary waypoints in the criminal legal process – prosecutorial charging decisions – remain opaque. Using data from interviews and focus groups with prosecutors in three midsized jurisdictions, we propose a model of charging that integrates legal considerations, social identity, and organizational constraints. We find that felony prosecutors weave together legal and extralegal factors, often relying heavily on criminal history, to evaluate defendants’ moral character. Based on their evaluation of a defendant’s character, prosecutors charge strategically to secure a final disposition and sentence they view as appropriate for the defendant. Prosecutors’ identities and experiences act as lenses through which they interpret case facts in their evaluation of defendants’ character. However, the level of discretion provided by their chief prosecutor and the culture of the court community in which they work condition the process by which prosecutors achieve their desired outcomes for cases.
Legal actuation: how ex ante legal behavior drives inequality
Authors: Taylor Poppe Emily S. , Bea Megan Doherty 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividuals routinely engage in instrumental transactional legal behavior, from generating tax returns to signing leases to negotiating employment terms. While some individuals undertake these activities equipped with the skills, knowledge, and capacity to behave strategically, others do not. In this article, we introduce the concept of legal actuation to describe this legal behavior and theorize its role as a source of inequality under the law. Using estate planning as an empirical example, we consider how variation in legal actuation may serve to reproduce economic inequalities and investigate the role of legal socialization, knowledge, and capability as mechanisms of advantage. In doing so, we draw attention to an understudied dimension of everyday legal behavior that has important implications for equal justice and the relationship between law and inequality.