bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict and Context: Jadidism, Pan-Islamism, and the Muslims of Akmolinsk at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Shabley Pavel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes a conflict between the imam of Akmolinsk’s Second Congregational Mosque Hujjat Mahmudov and the Tatar merchant Nur-Muhammad Zabirov. The conflict took place in 1912–1913, and attracted the attention of the public at large, editorial boards of Muslim newspapers, and the Russian colonial administration. The depictions of the conflict were contradictory and depended on who was telling the story: the immediate participants, residents of Akmolinsk, or external observers. When the imam accused the Tatar merchant of ignorance and a grossly over-extravagant lifestyle, the merchant’s defenders immediately accused the imam of spreading forbidden innovations and selling banned literature, i.e., the works by the Kazakh writer Mir-Zhaqïp Dulatov and the editor of the newspaper Waqït, Fatih Karimi. These works were regarded by imperial officials as politically dangerous on account of containing false information about the Romanov Dynasty, as well as Pan-Turkic and Pan-Islamic ideas. At first glance, the Akmolinsk story appears to illustrate how Muslims themselves made use of the imperial discourse about the threat of jadidism and Pan-Islamism to eliminate their enemies; but it also exhibits a series of distinct peculiarities. My aim is to show that it is not so much the conflict as such that is important, but rather the context in which it arose. A careful study of this context allows us to understand the principles by which the local society functioned. Focusing on specific representations of the conflict (newspaper accounts, the point of view of imperial bureaucrats, the petitions of the immediate participants), we ignore the epistemic value of other sources – for example, the opinions of local Muslims who do not necessarily describe what happened through the prism of fundamental contradictions and imply, among other things, the confrontation between so-called reformers and traditionalists. The Muslims of Akmolinsk, like those of other regions of the Russian Empire, were aware of the nature of external threats and challenges; however, they could also perceive them based on their own rationality as expressed in their prevailing cultural and everyday life. In some cases, that rationality was draped in pragmatism; in others, it stemmed from an attempt to protect cultural self-sufficiency – that is, a specific world of ideas and values; in yet others, it was justified by the need to carry out those small reforms and changes that could fit organically into the customary course of things.
Current-Day and Future Dunkelflaute Risks for Belgium
Authors: Duchêne François , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Hamdi Rafiq , Van den Bergh Joris , Smet Geert , Caluwaerts Steven , Termonia Piet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dunkelflautes, events of low renewable production and potentially high demand, are the most extreme examples of the susceptibility of a renewable energy system with respect to weather variability. Yet, these events currently lack a precise definition in the literature. Based on 41 years of weather data, we explore the resilience of the Belgian energy system with respect to the duration and extremeness of Dunkelflautes or energy drought. Although the hourly average load cannot be covered 89% of the time in our analysis, we find that Dunkelflaute occurrences are generally independent of the energy mix between photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind energy (WE) production (for fractions between 10% and 60% of PV). However, to cope with Dunkelflautes, a system with full PV or full WE provision is very ineffective. While the optimal mix is found to be independent of Dunkelflaute extremeness, it strongly depends on the Dunkelflaute duration: For subdaily or longer than two-daily events, a high WE fraction is optimal, while a high PV fraction is needed for durations of the order of days. More than 56% of Dunkelflautes over Belgium coincide with those in the surrounding countries. Finally, as opposed to weak changes in the climatological average, future climate projections reveal an increase in Dunkelflaute severity, mainly due to a reduction in WE production.
Evaluation of the Mountain Hydroclimate across the Western United States in Dynamically Downscaled Climate Models
Authors: Adhikari Pramod , Geerts Bart , Rahimi-Esfarjani Stefan , Smith Kaitlin , Shuman Bryan N. , Schneider Timothy L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the ability of 15 CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs), dynamically downscaled to a 9-km grid, to effectively simulate the observed regional hydroclimate across the complex terrain of the western United States. The evaluation focuses on orographic precipitation, surface temperature, and snow water equivalent (SWE), evaluated over a 33-yr period (1981–2014) using gridded gauge- and station-based datasets and a snowpack reanalysis product. Additional comparisons are made against two ERA5-driven climate reconstructions: one at 9-km resolution, with the same physical choices, and one at 4-km resolution. The latter better captures the terrain and orographic processes and uses different physics. Model performance is evaluated in four geographic regions, and mountains are contrasted against the surrounding plains. The evaluation is challenged by the fact that gridded observational estimates of climate parameters in complex terrain have a poorly quantified uncertainty related to measurement and/or representativeness issues. The ensemble mean of the downscaled GCMs overestimates cold-season precipitation, its orographic enhancement, and peak SWE in the mountains. Its diurnal temperature cycle and its mountain–plain temperature contrast are suppressed, compared to observations: its temperature estimates err toward the mean on both sides of both distributions. But the same applies to the identically downscaled (9 km) ERA5, indicating that these biases are due to model physics, not a misrepresentation of the climate system. The 4-km ERA5-based reconstruction has smaller biases in terms of precipitation and temperature, especially over mountains, but underestimates SWE. Model performance differs between mountains and plains, and the differences vary by region.

Significance Statement
In the western United States, much of the precipitation contributing to streamflow falls over mountains. In addition, the mountain snowpack seasonally stores water for consumptive use in the warm season. Amid growing concerns about changing water availability associated with the changing hydrometeorological patterns in a warming climate, it is essential to evaluate how well climate models capture precipitation and the snowpack across the headwater regions. Dynamically downscaled CMIP6 models, on average, capture the historical climate quite well, but uncertainty remains about how well they capture key climate parameters over the mountains. This uncertainty is due, in part, to the paucity of measurements in the mountains. Here, we demonstrate that dynamic downscaling to finer grid resolutions reduces this uncertainty.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies for Frontline Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A Path Analysis
Authors: Sun Wenxiu , Zhang Lin , Chen Wei-Ti , Arbing Rachel , Shen Lei , Zhang Jing , Jiang Rongrong 
Published: November 2024

Aim: This cross-sectional study explored the relationships among perceived stress, social support, positive coping, and mental health in frontline nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in China. Design: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 339 eligible frontline nurses was identified from a designated hospital for COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, between May 2022 and August 2022. Data from nurses were collected through an online survey that contained 4 measurement domains: perceived stress, social support, coping strategies, and mental health. Path analysis was used to analyze the data in SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results: The model tested in the path analysis fit the data well. The results demonstrated relationships among perceived stress, social support, positive coping, and mental health among frontline nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Social support had a positive effect on positive coping strategies and a negative effect on perceived stress and mental health. In addition, path analysis indicated that social support moderated the relationship between perceived stress and mental health in nurses. Conclusions: Nurses experienced work-related mental stress while providing COVID-19-related care. Based on study findings, social support is expected to play a key role in stress management in nurses. Expanding opportunities for social support is an essential step for nurses to improve their mental health and quality of life.
Estimating the Target-Consistent Carbon Price for Electricity
Authors: Newbery David M. 
Published: November 2024

The target-consistent price of carbon for an electricity sector decarbonizing through massive variable renewable electricity (VRE) depends sensitively on the VRE penetration level, as the marginal curtailment of VRE rises rapidly beyond a certain level. This article develops a simple linear model to illustrate the relation between the shadow carbon price (SPC) and VRE penetration, illustrated for the island of Ireland’s 2026 target VRE penetration of 55%. The SPC rises rapidly with increased VRE investment beyond a certain point, and can be used to direct mitigating investment in storage, interconnectors, and other flexibility options. The SPC for the final efficient portfolio will be the target-consistent carbon price for electricity that is useful for comparing future decarbonization scenarios and their need for complementary investments. JEL Classification: H23, L94, Q28, Q42, Q48
Efficacy of the Rezūm System for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Long term results from a single centre prospective study
Authors: Totaro Angelo , Gavi Filippo , Fettucciari Daniele , Bizzarri Francesco Pio , Sanesi Domenico , Cosenza Luigi , Marino Filippo , Cretì Antonio , Russo Pierluigi , Sacco Emilio 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological condition leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Minimal invasive surgical treatment (MISTs) such as Rezūm System are emerging aiming to relieve symptoms. We present results from a single centre prospective study. Methods: We prospectively followed patients undergoing Rezūm between 2021 and 2023 from a single centre. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), functional outcomes (maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-void urinary residual (PVR) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) were assessed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Anterograde ejaculation was assessed at 12 months follow up. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) for repeated measures were applied to assess differences in the IPSS, maximum flow rate (Qmax), PVR, and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) from baseline (t0) to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: After adjusting for prostate volume and symptoms severity, significant differences were observed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months for IPSS ( p < 0.001), Qmax ( p < 0.001), PVR ( p < 0.001) and IPSS-QoL ( p < 0.001) from baseline. No statistically significant changes were found in the IIEF-5 scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months from baseline. Anterograde ejaculation remained in 98% of patients after treatment. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study’s findings indicate that patients undergoing Rezūm treatment experience sustained improvements in IPSS, Qmax, PVR and IPSS-related quality of life up to 24 months following the intervention. Anterograde ejaculation remained in 98% of patients after treatment.
Impact of metabolism-related markers on outcomes in ovarian cancer patients: Findings of the MITO16A/MaNGO-OV2 trial
Authors: Indraccolo Stefano , Signoriello Simona , Piga Ilaria , Esposito Giovanni , Ferrarini Federica , Boscolo Bragadin Andrea , Salutari Vanda , Pisano Carmela , Califano Daniela , Bignotti Eliana , Tognon Germana , Simeon Vittorio , Artioli Grazia , Ferrero Annamaria , Cinieri Saverio , Bologna Alessandra , Chiodini Paolo , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Bottoni Carolina , Spina Anna , Russo Daniela , Arenare Laura , Perrone Francesco , Pignata Sandro 
Published: November 2024

Introduction In ovarian cancer, expression of metabolism-related markers has been investigated in several studies focusing on individual markers; however, a parallel quantitative evaluation of markers mapping to distinct metabolic processes and their prognostic value in large patient cohorts is still lacking. Methods Here, by using immunohistochemistry followed by digital pathology, we investigated the expression of several markers related to glycolysis including monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 (MCT1, MCT4), glutamine metabolism (glutaminase, GLS) and hypoxia/acidosis (carbonic anhydrase 9, CA IX) in tissue microarrays of > 300 patients recruited in the MITO16A clinical trial, which involved treatment of ovarian cancer patients with carboplatin/taxol plus bevacizumab. Results Regarding the prognostic impact of these markers, results indicate that GLS expression correlated with progression-free survival, but this effect disappeared when data were corrected for multiple testing. All other markers showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Conclusion These results indicate marked heterogeneity of expression of metabolism-associated markers in ovarian cancer; however, there was a lack of association with clinical benefit after chemotherapy/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Notwithstanding the lack of prognostic value, knowledge of the pattern of expression of these biomarkers in tumors can be useful for patient stratification purposes when new drugs targeting these metabolic pathways will be tested.
The Strategic Plan of the Working Day
Authors: Hutnyk John 
Published: November 2024

“The Working Day” chapter of Capital makes sense today as an illustration of collective struggle over the sale of labor power by the hour. The historical materials in the chapter are instructive if read under the tutelage of Gertrud Kugelmann, considering the advice Karl Marx offers to her on where to start. A reassessment of Marx’s writing process is possible via his various plans in letters, his comments on method, the various sources used, and evaluating the role they have in Capital volume 1. Several scholars read Marx on commodities that “speak” but may sometimes miss idioms in English translation. Reading the German text can help us when searching for theoretical and political strategies for contemporary emancipation. With implications for replies to critics of Marx on slavery, my case is that the staging in Capital offers diagnostic potential where attention to the Parliamentary Blue Books might generate new research agendas, addressing current problems of time, social reproduction, climate, and class struggle. JEL Classification: B14
Surgical Extraction of the Maxillary Fourth Premolar Tooth in the Dog
Authors: Carmichael Daniel T. 
Published: November 2024

Dental extraction is indicated for end-stage periodontal disease, fractured teeth with exposed pulp (when endodontic treatment is not possible), retained deciduous teeth, crowded or malpositioned teeth, and in other select cases. Chewing hard objects is the most common etiology for fracture of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth in dogs. Extraction of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth is a surgical procedure. The extraction procedure involves: creating a mucoperiosteal flap, removing buccal alveolar bone, and sectioning the tooth to facilitate elevation of its three separate roots. Crown sectioning is generally recommended for multirooted teeth in order to decrease the difficulty of extraction. Sectioning should be performed at the furcation(s) to transform a large multirooted tooth into multiple, single crown-root segments that are more easily extracted. In the method described here, sectioning of the mesial root trunk is preceded by amputation of the mesial cusp to allow for more accurate sectioning at the mesial furcation. Removal of buccal alveolar bone, crown sectioning, and controlled elevation of tooth crown-root segments minimizes operative complications including root fragmentation, infraorbital artery and nerve injury, penetration of the nasal cavity, and ocular trauma. Other procedural recommendations include alveoloplasty performed with a #4 round bur and a high-speed handpiece to remove any rough or sharp bony projections at the extraction site. Alveoloplasty is complete when digital palpation of the extraction site indicates no sharp projections Finally, the alveolus is irrigated with 0.12 % chlorhexidine solution to decrease bacterial contamination and remove any debris. Primary wound apposition is recommended to reduce postoperative hemorrhage and promote early wound healing. Tension-free wound closure may be facilitated by incising the periosteal attachment in order to mobilize the mucoperiosteal flap. Surgical extraction of the maxillary fourth premolar, including the mesial cusp amputation technique, is described step-by-step.
Kangaroo Mother Care: A Low-cost Intervention for Improving Cerebral Hemodynamics in Preterm Babies
Authors: Agarwal Priti , Kumar Neeraj , Dayal Rajeshwar , Singh Sheo Pratap , Nayak Madhu , Sharma Ram Kshitij , Singh Hari , Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Goyal Anamika 
Published: November 2024

Background Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been utilized extensively for the care of infants with low birth weight and babies born prematurely. However, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during KMC interventions are not known clearly. Hence, this study was done, in clinically stable premature babies, to study the changes in cerebral hemodynamics after KMC sessions. Methods It was a prospective study, done without a control group, with a pre-post test design. In our study, an assessment of 104 stable preterm newborns was done, before and after KMC. CBF parameters, which included mean velocity (MV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were assessed using doppler ultrasonography in middle cerebral artery. Results Both PI and RI were found to be significantly decreased after KMC sessions. Their values, before and after KMC, were 2.06 ± 0.83 versus 1.67± 1.06 ( p value .04) and 0.88 ± 0.27 versus 0.75 ± 0.37 ( p value .04), respectively. On the other hand, MV of blood flow was found to be increased after KMC (33.47 ± 18.16 vs. 40.46 ± 19.49; p value .01). Thus, there is an increase in CBF parameters after KMC. Conclusion There is an increase in CBF after providing KMC, thereby having a positive influence on the structure and development of the premature infant’s brain.
Comparative Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine on Propofol Consumption, Haemodynamics and Postoperative Recovery in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Study
Authors: Srivastava Vinit K. , Krishna Yethirajyam Rama , Khan Saima , Anil Deshmukh Sweta , Hamsa Vellore Srikanth , Gupta Devwrat 
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with significant haemodynamic changes due to pneumoperitoneum formation. Various studies have demonstrated that α2 adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine, prevent the haemodynamic response due to pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 104 female patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies were divided into three groups at random. Group D patients were administered a loading dose of 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine prior to induction over a period of 15 minutes and a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h during the surgical procedure. Group CL patients were given a loading dose of 2 μg/kg of clonidine before induction over a period of 15 minutes and a maintenance dose of 1 μg/kg/h during the surgery. Group C received same volume of normal saline over same duration and maintenance infusion throughout the surgery. The primary outcome was the haemodynamic changes at different time interval. The secondary outcome was the response to verbal commands, extubation time and orientation time. Results: There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure values between group D and group CL during whole study period. Whereas in group C, there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure after intubation and during pneumoperitoneum period ( P < 0.05). Extubation time and orientation time were significantly delayed in group D and group CL when compared with group C and D ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Clonidine or dexmedetomidine effectively attenuates the haemodynamic changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies compared to the control group.
Collective Action for Sustainable Farmer Water Management: The Case of the KILIMO NA MAJI Serious Game
Authors: Githinji Margaret , Speelman Erika N. , van Noordwijk Meine , Muthuri Catherine , Hofstede Gert Jan 
Published: November 2024

Background Farmers in water scarce landscapes adapt in response to the erratic weather conditions. Adaptation through irrigation, depend on water access, while impacting on downstream water availability. Competition for scarce water commons among multiple users defines a collective action problem. Farmer land-, and water-use decisions are based on both economic rationality of cost-benefit expectations, and relational rationality of reconciling conflicting opinions of important person(s) in a farmer’s social world, such as other water users, government, or spirits. Serious games that represent this duality of choices can help both players and interested others to analyze how social relations influence farmer decision-making. Intervention Here we describe the generic design and early experiences with specific use of the KILIMO NA MAJI game. The game is designed to analyse effect of social relations as farmers individually and/or collectively explore alternative options for crop production in scarce water commons. Methods We designed and applied the game in the Mt. Kenya region; a semi-arid region, ranging across a gradient of upstream water abundance to downstream water scarcity. The design of the game was informed by literature, and information from local stakeholders. We analyzed data from the pilot game sessions to assess quality and effectiveness of the game using Likert scale and a ‘solution space’ which defines a bandwidth around the mean where tradeoffs between farm-income and water-use can be partially managed. Results Playing the game with local stakeholders showed that social relations that participants had with traders, agro-export companies and other important persons determined where their game outcomes were positioned within the solution space. Conclusion Playing KILIMO NA MAJI can help assess influence of social relations and support collective exploration of alternatives to crops production in water scarce landscapes.