bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A farmer–scientist investigation of soil carbon sequestration potential in a chronosequence of perennial pastures
Authors: Pauli Natasha , Abbott Lynette K. , Rex Rob , Rex Caroline , Solaiman Zakaria M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAustralian agricultural soils have sustained a substantial loss of naturally low levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) through conversion of native vegetation to cropping. Recently, government programmes focused on greenhouse gas emission abatement have provided incentives for conversion of cropland to permanent pastures. Concurrently, some farmers are pursuing innovative pasture grazing practices, such as the use of perennial pastures and rotational grazing. Although gaining carbon credits is generally not the main driver for uptake of these practices, there is significant potential for soil carbon sequestration. We investigated SOC stocks across a chronosequence of pastures sown with temperate, perennial grasses in south‐western Australia. This study presents a rare insight into short‐ and long‐term carbon dynamics in a novel agricultural system, which has potential for greater uptake within this region. SOC stocks for the upper 30 cm of soil ranged from 64.9 t ha−1 in the longest established pasture (sown in 2003 and sampled in 2012 and 2014) to 25.2 t ha−1 in a poorly performing pasture (sown in 2007). SOC stocks at two of the sampled sites showed large (19.7 to 22.0 t ha−1) fluctuations over a 2‐year period, which was likely linked to targeted management practices intended to increase pasture productivity. Taking into account farmers' needs for experimenting with management practices and their detailed local knowledge of why certain locations responded in different ways is paramount for developing longer term and larger scale approaches to improve soil health through novel agricultural practices.
Metaparticles: Dressing Nano‐Objects with a Hyperbolic Coating
Authors: Wang Pan , Krasavin Alexey V. , Viscomi Francesco N. , Adawi Ali M. , Bouillard Jean‐Sebastien G. , Zhang Lei , Roth Diane J. , Tong Limin , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to engineer the optical response of a plasmonic nano‐object is highly desired to achieve better control over light–matter interactions. Due to the sensitivity of plasmon resonances to the surrounding media, isotropic dielectric coating is an easy approach to modify the optical properties of a plasmonic nanostructure. However, the choice of coatings and the provided tunability is limited by the range of refractive indices of available materials. Here, it is shown that coating of plasmonic nano‐objects with an anisotropic metamaterial, which displays a hyperbolic dispersion and allows the design of refractive index on demand, provides greater flexibility in engineering their interaction with light. This is experimentally demonstrated by coating Au nanospheres with alternating SiO2 and Au multishells. This creates rich and highly tunable plasmonic modes covering a broad wavelength range (≈400–2200 nm) and produces high local field intensity enhancement (≈500‐fold). The concept is extended to hyperbolic coating of dielectric nano‐objects, confirming the nature of the modes to be related to the resonances in the hyperbolic layer. The implemented approach using a coating with an engineered effective refractive index may find applications in plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopy, nanolasers, design of nonlinear phenomena, photothermal conversions, and hot‐electron generation.
Elastic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of single crystal nickel nanowire in tensile test along [0 0 1] orientation
Authors: Ma S. , Zhang J. , Li P. , Zhang Y. , Jin H. , Zhang W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElastic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of single crystal nickel nanowire in tensile test have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. When the temperature is above 300 K, the deformation of nanowire is inhomogeneous in the elastic stage. It can generate a kind of (body‐centered cubic)‐like structure within the material to guide the elastic deformation, rather than the uniform deformation of all the atoms. The (body‐centered cubic)‐like structure will transform to be a body‐centered cubic structure gradually with the increasing of strain and will revert to be a face‐centered cubic structure when the twin crystal appears. The formation of (body‐centered cubic)‐like structure could reduce the density of the material to resist deformation. Besides, the (body‐centered cubic)‐like structure increase with increasing of strain or temperature, and they will gather together to reduce the interface energy. Our conclusion also can be proved by the radial distribution functions g(r).
Microstructure and creep behavior of a new developed nickel‐base single‐crystal superalloy
Authors: Xu W. , Zhao Y. , Sun S. , Liang X. , Tao R. , Ma D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new developed nickel‐base superalloy is employed to prepare single‐crystal castings. The as‐cast and heat‐treated microstructure, the creep behavior in 900 °C/ 500 MPa and 1100 °C / 140 MPa are investigated. The dendrites are well developed in the as‐cast microstructure. Segregation and γ′ precipitation morphology difference exist between dendrite core and γ/γ′ eutectic pool. After heat treatment the segregation is significantly decreased and the γ′ precipitations of all regions become much more uniform and cubic. Creep curves in varied conditions both present three stages, while the specimen in 1100 °C exhibits lower creep rate and longer life span. The fracture analysis shows that fracture style changes from mixed fracture to ductile when the temperature increases from 900 °C to 1100 °C. Porosity is the crack resource to form the facet, which is observed in both specimens. The γ′ precipitations raft in both specimens, while the further development of γ′ rafting is found in that of 1100 °C / 140 MPa, as well as the surface recrystallization with coarser rafted γ/γ′ microstructure.
Sliding wear performance of metallic laser coatings against composite PTFE seals
Authors: Tuominen J. , Pajukoski H. , Vuoristo P. , Thieme S. , Nowotny S. , Näkki J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLaser coatings are frequently used in applications where they slide against various elastomeric and polymeric seals or guide bands in different environments. Examples of such applications include hydraulics, maritime propulsion systems and components in pulp & paper industry. In this study highly corrosion resistant Inconel 625 (DIN Mat. No. 2.4856) and Thermanit 2509 super duplex stainless steel (∼1.4501) coatings manufactured by novel coaxial hot‐wire laser cladding technique are tested in dry conditions at room temperature against various composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) seals. Despite only small difference in coating surface hardness, ∼1.4501 and 2.4856 show significant differences in wear and friction performance against various seals. For instance, ∼1.4501 is superior to 2.4856 against glass fiber and MoS2 reinforced PTFE in terms of wear resistance and friction characteristics, whereas 2.4856 performs better against bronze reinforced PTFE seal. The reference Stellite laser coating, which is the hardest counter surface in this study, exhibits the best wear behavior against all the seal materials tested. The differences in wear performances are explained by cohesive and adhesive wear mechanisms.
Estimating Growth of Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Mark–Recapture Data
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Yao Nan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To estimate the growth of the hard-to-age Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the southeastern USA, a double-maximum-likelihood-estimation method (referred to as the “likelihood model”) has been applied to the mark–recapture data collected in the Florida Keys from 1967 to 2003. Parameters related to the intermolt period and the growth increment have been assessed, and the uncertainty of the parameters has been estimated using the bootstrap resampling method. For better comparison with the previously published step-wise growth models, an individual-based model, in which the variance and covariance of model parameters were fully considered, has been developed to simulate growth transition matrices. The simulation results were compared directly by using the Frobenius Norm. The results indicated that the likelihood model produces a more conservative growth estimate with lower uncertainty. However, the likelihood weights should be set with caution. This study can improve our understanding of the growth of the Caribbean spiny lobster. The products can be directly used in the future for integrated size-structured, stock assessment models for Caribbean spiny lobster; the methods can be easily adaptable to other crustacean species.
A monopole antenna based on SISL with dual bands for WLAN operations
Authors: Newton Moro Eric , Mou Shouxian , Ma Kaixue , Yan Ningning , Meng Fanyi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA dual‐band and self‐packaged monopole antenna utilizing substrate integrated suspend‐line for 2.4/5.2 GHz wireless local area network application is propounded. The antenna is made up of 5 layer substrates with 2 air lacunas placed in stack. Comparatively, more metal surfaces in the antenna design are allowed for impedance matching and radiation characteristics. By etching slots on the patch and modifying the ground planes, dual band is achieved. In addition, low loss property is obtained because of the air cavities and efficiency of 97.8% at 2.4 GHz and 96.9% at 5.2 GHz is acquired.
High‐performance filtering power divider with multiple transmission zeros
Authors: Bai Yecheng , Xu Kai Da 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA wideband filtering power divider (FPD) with multiple transmission zeros (TZs) is presented in this article. By introducing four pairs of coupled lines and two half‐wavelength stubs to the power divider, a flat passband with two controllable TZs and four fixed ones is achieved. A resistor is then arranged in the structures to obtain good isolation between output ports. For demonstration, a FPD centred at 2.6 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 22% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured minimum in‐band insertion loss is 0.34 dB, and the isolation is over 20 dB within the passband. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results can be observed.
Automatic and efficient hybrid viscous mesh generation based on clipped Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Gan Yangke , Liu Jianfei 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe commonly used advancing layers method to generate hybrid meshes suffers from many drawbacks. The generation of isotropic meshes for far‐field domains with irregular and complex boundary subdivisions after boundary layers advancing is time consuming and, in some cases, is not robust in 3D. To address these difficulties, this paper presents a novel method to generate hybrid polygonal meshes in 2D and polyhedral meshes in 3D for viscous flow simulations. In the proposed method, first, we generate a full Voronoi diagram for the appropriate distribution of generators that avoids the extra mesh generation required for the remaining holes in the advancing layers method. To recover the inner solid boundaries, we implement a robust boundary cell cutting process. Because the generators are located layer by layer near the boundaries, there is no requirement to consider all of the Voronoi cells. Only the first layer Voronoi cells must be cut, making the calculation very efficient. We have generated hybrid meshes using the present method for many viscous flow cases. The results show close agreement between the computations and the experimental results, thus indicating the reliability and effectiveness of the hybrid mesh generated by our method.
Changes in the Perceptions of Self‐weighing Across Time in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Fahey Margaret C. , Klesges Robert C. , Kocak Mehmet , Wayne Talcott G. , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveChanges in beliefs about self‐weighing were examined across time in a behavioral weight loss intervention.MethodsActive duty military personnel (n = 248) enrolled in a 12‐month counselor‐initiated or self‐paced intervention based on the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Intensive Lifestyle Intervention. Using an electronic scale, participants were asked to self‐weigh daily. Self‐weighing perceptions were compared from baseline to 4 months (weight loss phase), from 4 months to 12 months (weight maintenance phase), and from baseline to 12 months (full intervention), as well as across time by behavioral and demographic characteristics.ResultsOverall, participants perceived self‐weighing as more helpful and positive, less frustrating, and making them less self‐conscious after the weight loss phase. After weight maintenance, individuals believed self‐weighing was less helpful and positive, more frustrating and anxiety provoking, and making them more self‐conscious. However, after the intervention, participants still viewed self‐weighing as more helpful and positive and less frustrating than at baseline. Weight change, self‐weighing behavior prior to the intervention, and intervention condition were associated with perception change. Controlling for these influencing factors, differences in gender, BMI, age, ethnicity, and race were observed in how beliefs changed across time.ConclusionsResults suggest engaging in a weight loss intervention promoting daily self‐weighing increases positive and decreases negative beliefs about self‐weighing.
Dissemination of the Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in the United States Military: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Krukowski Rebecca A. , Hare Marion E. , Talcott Gerald W. , Gladney Leslie A. , Johnson Karen C. , Richey Phyllis A. , Kocak Mehmet , Keller Patrick L. , Hryshko‐Mullen Ann , Klesges Robert C. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study, “Fit Blue,” was to compare a translation of the Look AHEAD (Action for Heath in Diabetes) intensive lifestyle intervention with a self‐paced version of the same intervention among active duty military personnel.MethodsActive duty military personnel (N = 248; 49% male, 34% racial minority) with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12‐month distance‐based (i.e., phone and email) parallel programs, counselor‐initiated (CI) condition or self‐paced (SP) condition, from 2014 to 2016. Trained lay interventionists were retired military personnel or had extensive familiarity with the military.ResultsThe CI condition had greater weight loss at 4 months (CI: mean ± SD = −3.2 ± 3.4 kg; SP: −0.6 ± 2.9 kg; P < 0.0001) and at 12 months (CI: mean ± SD = −1.9 ± 4.1 kg; SP: −0.1 ± 3.8 kg; P < 0.001). Participants in the CI condition also had a greater percent weight loss at both 4 months (CI: 3.5% ± 3.8, SP: 0.6% ± 3.1; P < 0.0001) and 12 months (CI: 2.1% ± 4.7, SP: 0.0% ± 4.0; P < 0.001). In addition, a greater proportion of CI participants lost 5% or more at 4 months (CI: 29.8%, SP: 10.5%; P < 0.001) and at 12 months (CI: 29.5%, SP: 15.6%; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CI behavioral weight loss intervention translated from Look AHEAD was well received and is a promising approach for managing weight in an active duty military population.
Effect of Strong Metal‐Support Interaction of Pt/TiO2 on Hydrodeoxygenation of m‐Cresol
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Wu Xiaoxia , Wang Hua , Han Jinyu , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation of m‐cresol was investigated at 350 °C and atmospheric pressure over Pt/TiO2 reduced at different temperatures. Increasing reduction temperature results in an increased degree of strong metal‐support interactions (SMSI). Consequently, both the number of the perimeter sites at the Pt‐TiO2 interface and the oxygen vacancy sites in close proximity to Pt are increased. Increasing reduction temperature from 350 to 550 °C leads to the turnover frequency of toluene formation to increase by more than 3 times. These results indicate that the perimeter sites at the Pt‐TiO2 interface with oxygen vacancy are the more active sites for deoxygenation than the bare Pt sites. The results also suggest that balancing the SMSI effect and the number of exposed Pt sites is essential for an efficient catalyst for deoxygenation of phenolics to aromatics.
Highly Efficient Degradation of Tobacco Specific N‐Nitrosamines by TiO2 Mesocrystals with Robust and Tailored Microporous Structure
Authors: Deng Qixin , Hong Zhensheng , Liu Huiming , Huang Chaozhang , Xu Hanchun , Lan Hongqiao , Xie Wei , Xie Jianping , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is essential to control tobacco specific N‐nitrosamines (TSNAs) pollution for the protection of public health, which were identified as the most abundant carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Herein, we provide microporous TiO2 mesocrystals as a new material for the remove of TSNAs with high degradation efficiency. The anatase TiO2 mesocrystals with tunable microporous structure were synthesized by a facile method under the acid solution. The TiO2 mesocrystals were firstly used to the remove of TSNAs through photocatalytic degradation. It's exciting that TSNAs of tobacco extraction solution can be almost entirely reduced (up to 97%) by anatase TiO2 mesocrystals after 30 mins through photocatalytic degradation. Moreover, it's found that the microporous size of mesocrystals play a key role on the degradation capability. The TiO2 mesocrystals with microporous size comparable to the size of TSNAs molecule exhibit the best degradation performance. This finding offers a robust microporous material and efficient method for removing the carcinogen like TSNAs as well as other pollutants in environment.
Solventless Olefin Epoxidation Using a Mo–Loaded Sisal Derived Acid‐Char Catalyst
Authors: Petit Cécile , Silva Miguel V. , Mestre Ana S. , Ania Conchi O. , Vaz Pedro D. , Carvalho Ana P. , Nunes Carla D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study presents a stable, selective and reusable catalyst prepared by a biomass‐derived acid‐biochar (acid‐char) functionalized with the organometallic complex [MoI2(CO)3(MeCN)2] (Mo), yielding a material where the [MoI2(CO)3] core is coordinated at surface functional groups of the acid‐char material. The characterization of this catalyst, denoted as Mo@acid‐char, by using various complementary techniques confirmed the successful immobilization of the [MoI2(CO)3] core at the surface of the acid‐char material. The catalytic activity of the material was evaluated for olefin epoxidation reactions of cis‐cyclooctene and R‐(+)‐limonene, varying relevant reaction parameters such as temperature, solvent and oxidant ratio. The Mo@acid‐char showed an excellent selectivity for epoxide products at mild temperature (ca. 328 K). Interestingly, the catalyst exhibited its highest activity when the reaction was carried out under solventless conditions, allowing the catalysts reuse for several cycles. Thus, the synthesized Mo@acid‐char contributed for a sustainable use of biomass waste (e. g., sisal) through the development of environmentally friendly processes avoiding the use of solvents.
Surfactant‐Free In Situ Synthesis of Sub‐5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Embedded Silica Sub‐Microspheres as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts
Authors: Shen Qihui , Gao Hanliang , Xue Peng , Lü Yang , Li Dongmei , Lian Lili , Liu Yan , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel surfactant‐free in situ synthesis approach of ‘naked’ small silver nanoparticles (2.63 nm.d) supported by silica sub‐microspheres was demonstrated. When this catalyst was used for 4‐nitrophenol catalytic reduction, the rate constant k reached 0.42 s−1 even when the catalyst concentration was low (10 mg•L−1). Meanwhile, the catalysts also maintained their high catalytic efficiency even after 25 repeated reaction cycles. Our approach therefore provided a way to generate ‘clean’ Ag nanoparticles supported catalyst without any post‐treatment, which exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and could potentially extend to the heterogeneous catalysts development based on other noble metals.
SiO2/C Composite Derived from Rice Husks with Enhanced Capacity as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Yi , Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Li , Zhang Ziqing , Teng Yifei , Yu Deyang , Sui Jiayang , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh‐capacity SiO2/C composites with uniform distribution, rice husks (RHs) as raw materials, were scalably prepared by the ball milling method. Based on a fact that the porous SiO2 nanoparticles and carbon in RHs possess natural properties, ball mill could visibly decrease grain sizes of clustering SiO2 particles and C blocks and then improve the dispersivity of the two components, finally forming desirable SiO2/C composite, which can generate more active sites for Li+ storage as well as can effectively buffer the volume change during cycling. Therefore, SiO2/C composites, evaluated as anode for lithium ion batteries, exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance, especially the highly reversible capacity of 827 mA h g−1 over 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 530 mA h g−1 at the large rate of 500 mA g−1, which suggests that the facile ball mill with environmental friendliness and large‐scale preparation may be available for electrode materials derived from biomass.
Iron‐Rich Natural Mineral Gibeon Meteorite Catalyzed N‐formylation of Amines using CO2 as the C1 Source
Authors: Gopakumar Aswin , Akçok Ismail , Lombardo Loris , Le Formal Florian , Magrez Arnaud , Sivula Kevin , J. Dyson Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractN‐formylated amines (formamides) are important intermediates and the development of efficient and sustainable N‐formylation reactions have attracted considerable attention. Here, we demonstrate that an iron‐rich Gibeon meteorite is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction employing carbon dioxide as the source of the formyl CO group. The Gibeon meteorite catalyst is stable, reusable, and affords a wide range of formamides with outstanding chemoselectivity (near‐quantitative yields) under mild conditions (1 – 10 bar CO2 and 25oC). A tentative mechanistic cycle has been proposed for the reaction. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of natural materials as catalysts and how they can be used to inspire the development of synthetic catalysts.
A Direct P2O5‐Mediated Synthesis of Diverse Sulfur‐Containing Triazoles via Alkylation of NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Zhang Chuanxin , Zheng Lei , Yan Qiong , Hu Qinquan , Jia Fengcheng , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA direct synthesis of N‐(methylthio)methyl triazoles from NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by P2O5‐mediated variant Pummerer rearrangement reaction has been developed. This reaction could give N1 and N2‐ (methylthio)methyl 1,2,3‐triazoles with high overall yields. Different from the general steric effects on the regioselective synthesis of N‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, it was found that the electronic effects together with steric effects played a crucial role in the regioselectivities of the reactions.