bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 16-week progressive exercise training intervention in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised-controlled pilot study
Authors: Brown Frankie F. , Oliver Rebecca , Eddy Rachel , Causer Adam J. , Emery Annabelle , Collier-Bain Harrison D. , Dutton David , Crowe Josephine , Augustine Daniel , Graby John , Rees Daniel , Rothschild-Rodriguez Daniela , Peacock Oliver J. , Moore Sally , Murray James , Turner James E. , Campbell John P. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) typically presents with asymptomatic, early-stage disease that is monitored until disease progression (‘treatment-naïve’ CLL). The objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary safety of an exercise program in treatment-naïve CLL. We also sought to preliminarily assess the impact of the exercise program on disease activity, as it has been proposed that exercise training may reduce disease outgrowth in treatment-naïve CLL.MethodsA total of 40 treatment-naïve CLL patients were recruited into this randomised-controlled pilot study, and after screening, n = 28 were randomised into a 16-week, home-based, partially supervised, personalised, progressive exercise intervention (n = 14: mean ± SD: age = 62 ± 12 years) or 16 weeks of usual care, control group (n = 14: mean ± SD: age = 61 ± 10 years). The primary outcome measures were safety (number and severity of adverse events) and feasibility (uptake, retention, and adherence to the trial). Disease activity (CD5+/CD19+ CLL cells clonally restricted to kappa or lambda) and other immune cell phenotypes, with a principal focus on T cells, were measured by flow cytometry. Other secondary outcomes included DEXA-derived body composition, cardiorespiratory and functional fitness, resting cardiovascular measures.ResultsTrial uptake was 40%, and the overall retention rate was 86%, with 79% of the exercise group and 93% of the control group completing the trial. Adherence to the exercise intervention was 92 ± 8%. One serious adverse event was reported unrelated to the trial, and one adverse event related to the trial was reported. The exercise intervention elicited a 2% increase in DEXA-derived lean mass in the exercise group compared with a 0.4% decrease in the control group (p = 0.01). No between-group differences were observed over time for whole-body mass, BMI, bone mineral density, body fat, blood pressure resting heart rate, or measures of cardiorespiratory or functional fitness (all p &gt; 0.05). No between-group differences were observed over time for clonal CLL cells and CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets (all p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe exercise training program used in this study was feasible in people with treatment-naïve CLL who passed pre-trial screening, and we preliminarily conclude that the exercise training program was safe and also resulted in an increase in lean mass.Clinical trial registrationhttps://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN55166064, identifier ISRCTN 55166064.
Analysis of Thiodiphenol in Rat Urine as a Biomarker of Exposure to Temephos
Authors: Shih Miao-Ling , López-González Ma. de Lourdes , Uribe-Ramírez Marisela , Rojas-García Aurora Elizabeth , Verdín-Betancourt Francisco Alberto , Sierra-Santoyo Adolfo 
Published: December 2024

Temephos is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used as a larvicide in public health campaigns to control vector-borne diseases. Data on the urinary elimination of temephos metabolites are limited, and there is no validated biomarker of exposure for its evaluation. This study aimed to determine the urinary excretion kinetics of temephos and its metabolites in adult male rats. Hence, adult male Wistar rats were administered orally with a single dose of temephos (300 mg/kg). Urine samples were collected at different time intervals after dosing and enzymatically hydrolyzed using β-glucuronidase/sulfatase from H. pomatia. The metabolites were extracted and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The metabolites detected were 4,4′-thiodiphenol (TDP), 4,4′-sulfinyldiphenol (SIDP), 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol (SODP), or bisphenol S (BPS), a non-identified metabolite, and only traces of the parent compound. The mean urine concentrations of metabolites were used for kinetic analysis. Urinary levels of TDP were fitted to a two-compartmental model, and its half-lives (t1/2 Elim-U) were 27.8 and 272.1 h for the first and second phases, respectively. The t1/2 Elim-U of BPS was 17.7 h. TDP, the main metabolite of temephos, was eliminated by urine and is specific and stable. Therefore, it may be used as a biomarker of temephos exposure.
Real-Time Observation of Clickable Cyanotoxin Synthesis in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii
Authors: Kurmayer Rainer , Morón Asensio Rubén 
Published: December 2024

Recently, the use of click chemistry for localization of chemically modified cyanopeptides has been introduced, i.e., taking advantage of promiscuous adenylation (A) domains in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS), allowing for the incorporation of clickable non-natural amino acids (non-AAs) into their peptide products. In this study, time-lapse experiments have been performed using pulsed feeding of three different non-AAs in order to observe the synthesis or decline of azide- or alkyne-modified microcystins (MCs) or anabaenopeptins (APs). The cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii were grown under maximum growth rate conditions (r = 0.35–0.6 and 0.2–0.4 (day−1), respectively) in the presence of non-AAs for 12–168 h. The decline of the azide- or alkyne-modified MC or AP was observed via pulse-feeding. In general, the increase in clickable MC/AP in peptide content reached a plateau after 24–48 h and was related to growth rate, i.e., faster-growing cells also produced more clickable MC/AP. Overall, the proportion of clickable MC/AP in the intracellular fraction correlated with the proportion observed in the dissolved fraction. Conversely, the overall linear decrease in clickable MC/AP points to a rather constant decline via dilution by growth instead of a regulated or induced release in the course of the synthesis process.
О межуниверситетской квантовой сети
Authors: В.Е. Велихов , М.В. Ковальчук , С.П. Кулик , Ю.Б. Миронов , А.П. Овсянников , А.В. Одиноков , Б.М. Шабанов 
Published: December 2024

Рассматриваются вопросы создания межуниверситетской квантовой сети (МУКС), которая должна предоставить вузам и научным организациям новые возможности для обучения студентов и проведения исследований в области квантовых технологий. Представлен анализ текущих проектов по созданию сетей с квантовым распределением ключей (КРК), которые проводят страны, развивающие квантовые технологии. Подробно рассмотрены достижения России в области разработки оборудования КРК и строительства магистральной квантовой сети. Описана архитектура МУКС как совокупности доменов – групп сегментов квантового распределения ключей, базирующихся на общем протоколе КРК и работающих под единым управлением. Описаны особенности реализации первой очереди МУКС в 2024 г.
The paper discusses the issues of creating an inter-university quantum network (IUCN), which should provide universities and scientific organizations with new opportunities for teaching students and research in the field of quantum communications and quantum technologies. The article presents an analysis of current projects to create networks with quantum key distribution (QKD), which are being carried out by countries developing quantum technologies. Russia’s achievements in the field of the development of QKD equipment and construction of a backbone quantum network are examined in detail. The article describes IUQN as a set of domains, where a domain is a group of QKD segments based on a common QKD protocol and operating under a single control. The article also describes the first stage of the IUQN implementation in 2024.
Основные подходы к организации мониторинга занятости радиочастотного спектра в гетерогенной сети интернета вещей на основе когнитивного радио
Authors: К.А. Снопок 
Published: December 2024

Рассмотрены принципы построения и архитектурные особенности известных сетей LPWAN. Выполнен анализ существующих сетевых топологий подсистемы мониторинга занятости радиочастотного спектра (РЧС). Определены основные подходы к организации мониторинга занятости РЧС в гетерогенной сети интернета вещей на основе когнитивного радио (CR-LPWAN). Рассмотрен сценарий работы сети CR-LPWAN в детерминированной полосе частот сотовой связи. Разработан принцип действия и алгоритм динамического доступа к белым пятнам сети CR-LPWAN, обеспечивающие гарантированные надежность и качество связи.
The design principles and the architectural features of known LPWAN networks are considered. The analysis of existing network topologies of spectrum sensing subsystem is performed. The main approaches to organizing spectrum sensing in the heterogeneous Internet of Things network based on the cognitive radio (CR-LPWAN) are defined. The scenario of CR-LPWAN network operation in a deterministic cellular frequency band is considered. The operational principles and the algorithm of dynamic access to white spaces of CR-LPWAN network are developed, ensuring guaranteed reliability and quality of communication.
Элементарный подход к расчёту систем массового обслуживания
Authors: А.В. Богданов 
Published: December 2024

В статье излагается подход к расчёту систем массового обслуживания, основанный на использовании метода, изложенного в статье А.Я. Хинчина «О формулах Эрланга в теории массового обслуживания». Этот подход развит для расчёта потоков сообщений с эрланговскими распределениями времени второго и более высокого порядка и которые отличаются наличием последействия (пуассоновский поток описывается эрланговским распределением первого порядка), а также с рэлеевскими распределениями. В расчётах используются стационарные ординарные потоки входящих сообщений. Для одно- и двухканальной систем массового обслуживания с потерями получены численные результаты и проведена оценка погрешности расчёта с помощью имитационного моделирования. Показано, что с учётом погрешностей генератора случайных чисел, изложенная методика для систем с потерями является точной. Для системы массового обслуживания с ожиданием и потерями с одним каналом обслуживания и одним местом ожидания изложена приближённая методика расчёта, которая, тем не менее, позволяет получить погрешность в приемлемых пределах (не выше 10%). Результаты могут использоваться для обучения студентов с целью более наглядного расчёта систем массового обслуживания, а также, после дополнительного упрощения методики, для предварительной оценки качества различных вариантов систем массового обслуживания.
The paper presents an approach to the computation of queueing system systems based on the method described in A.Y. Khinchin’s article “On Erlang formulas in queueing theory”. This approach is developed for the calculation of message flows with Erlang time distributions of the second and higher order, which are characterized by the presence of aftereffects (a Poisson flow is described by an Erlang first-order distribution), as well as with Rayleigh distributions. Stationary ordinal incoming message flows are used in the calculations. Numerical results are obtained for one- and two-channel queueing systems with losses, and the estimation of the calculation error using simulation modelling is carried out. It is shown that taking into account the errors of the random number generator, the stated methodology for systems with losses is accurate. For a queueing system with waiting and losses with one service channel and one waiting place, an approximate calculation methodology is outlined, which, nevertheless, allows to obtain an error within acceptable limits (not higher than 10%). The results can be used for teaching students in order to more clearly calculate queueing systems and, after additional simplification of the methodology, for preliminary assessment of the quality of various variants of queueing systems.
Обнаружение слабо отражающих воздушных целей с помощью длинноволнового радиолокатора с синтезированной апертурой, установленного на БПЛА
Authors: А.В. Борисенков , О.В. Горячкин , В.А. Ружников 
Published: December 2024

В статье исследуются возможности обнаружения слабо отражающих воздушных целей радиолокатором с синтезированием апертуры, использующим режим интерферометрии вдоль пути. Известные способы реализации радиолокационного наблюдения слабо отражающих воздушных целей используют крупногабаритные антенные конструкции и большие мощности радиопередающих систем и при этом имеют ограниченную дальность действия. Решение задачи обеспечивается выводом математической модели серий радиолокационных изображений в канале селекции движущихся целей, оценкой отношения сигнал/шум и расчетом вероятности правильного обнаружения движущейся цели при фиксированном значении вероятности ложной тревоги. Показано, что воздушные цели типа дронов могут быть обнаружены длинноволновой радиолокационной станцией в режиме селекции движущихся целей на расстояниях, имеющих практическое значение, а точность прогноза их местоположения на текущий момент времени может составлять единицы метров.
The paper investigates the possibility of detecting low-reflective, aerial targets by a synthetic aperture radar using path-interferometry mode. Known methods for implementing radar surveillance of low-reflecting aerial targets use large-sized antenna structures and high-power radio transmission systems and at the same time have a limited range. The solution of the problem is provided by deriving a mathematical model of a series of radar images in the moving target selection channel, assessing the signal-to-noise ratio and calculating the probability of correct detection of a moving target with a fixed value of the false alarm probability. It is shown that aerial targets such as drones can be detected by a long-wave radar station in the moving target selection mode at distances of practical importance, and the accuracy of predicting their location at the current moment in time can be several meters.
Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
Authors: Koo Jae-Rim , Kim Hyun-Jeong , Lim Beomdu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key parameter to understand the star formation process and the integrated properties of stellar populations in remote galaxies. We present a spectroscopic study of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the starburst galaxies NGC 4038/9. The integrated spectra of seven YMCs obtained with GMOS-S attached to the 8.1 m Gemini South telescope reveal the spectral features associated with stellar ages and the underlying IMFs. We constrain the ages of the YMCs using the absorption lines and strong emission bands from Wolf–Rayet stars. The internal reddening is also estimated from the strength of the Na i D absorption lines. Based on these constraints, the observed spectra are matched with the synthetic spectra generated from a simple stellar population model. Several parameters of the clusters including age, reddening, cluster mass, and the underlying IMF are derived from the spectral matching. The ages of the YMCs range from 2.5 to 6.5 Myr, and these clusters contain stellar masses ranging from 1.6 × 105
M
☉ to 7.9 × 107
M
☉. The underlying IMFs appear to differ from the universal form of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. Interestingly, massive clusters tend to have the bottom-heavy IMFs, although the masses of some clusters are overestimated due to the crowding effect. Based on this, our results suggest that the universal form of the IMF is not always valid when analyzing integrated light from unresolved stellar systems. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to reach a definite conclusion.
Universal Nonthermal Power-law Distribution Functions from the Self-consistent Evolution of Collisionless Electrostatic Plasmas
Authors: Banik Uddipan , Bhattacharjee Amitava , Sengupta Wrick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Collisionless systems often exhibit nonthermal power-law tails in their distribution functions. Interestingly, collisionless plasmas in various physical scenarios (e.g., the ion population of the solar wind) feature a v
−5 tail in their velocity (v) distribution, whose origin has been a long-standing puzzle. We show this power-law tail to be a natural outcome of the collisionless relaxation of driven electrostatic plasmas. Using a quasi-linear analysis of the perturbed Vlasov–Poisson equations, we show that the coarse-grained mean distribution function (DF), f
0, follows a quasi-linear diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient D(v) that depends on v through the plasma dielectric constant. If the plasma is isotropically forced on scales larger than the Debye length with a white-noise-like electric field, D(v) ∼ v
4 for σ < v < ω
P/k, with σ the thermal velocity, ω
P the plasma frequency, and k the characteristic wavenumber of the perturbation; the corresponding quasi-steady-state f
0 develops a v
−(d + 2) tail in d dimensions (v
−5 tail in 3D), while the energy (E) distribution develops an E
−2 tail independent of dimensionality. Any redness of the noise only alters the scaling in the high v end. Nonresonant particles moving slower than the phase velocity of the plasma waves (ω
P/k) experience a Debye-screened electric field, and significantly less (power-law suppressed) acceleration than the near-resonant particles. Thus, a Maxwellian DF develops a power-law tail, while its core (v < σ) eventually also heats up but over a much longer timescale. We definitively show that self-consistency (ignored in test-particle treatments) is crucial for the emergence of the universal v
−5 tail.
ALMA Observations of the Gamma-Ray Binary System PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 during the 2024 Periastron Passage
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Kawachi Akiko , Okazaki Atsuo T. , Nagai Hiroshi , Kawanaka Norita , Akahori Takuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present observations of the gamma-ray binary PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Band 3 (97 GHz), Band 6 (233 GHz), and Band 7 (343 GHz). PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 consists of a pulsar in a highly eccentric orbit around a massive companion star, with the pulsar passing through the circumstellar disk near periastron. Our new data were obtained over several epochs, ranging from −61 to +29 days from the periastron passage in 2024. We report an increase in flux in all bands near the periastron. The significant change in Band 3 flux suggests synchrotron emission from the interaction between the pulsar wind and the stellar wind or disk. The Band 6 flux shows an increase around periastron and a transition from thermal emission from the circumstellar disk to synchrotron emission. The Band 7 observation +24 days after periastron shows a brightening, suggesting that the pulsar's passage through the disk does not result in its immediate destruction. We discuss the implications of these results for the interaction between the pulsar wind and the circumstellar disk, such as the possible disk expansion after periastron.
Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Kiloparsec-scale Jets of Nearby Radio Galaxies
Authors: Wang 王 Jie-Shuang 界双 , Reville Brian , Rieger Frank M. , Aharonian Felix A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Radio galaxies have long been considered as potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Recent analyses of the UHECR spectrum, composition, and arrival directions indicate that the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A, could be linked to the reported dipole anisotropy, though the mechanism underlying the acceleration remains elusive. In this Letter, we explore UHECR acceleration in the kiloparsec-scale jets of radio galaxies, exemplified by Centaurus A. Using high-resolution relativistic magnetohydrodynamic and test-particle simulations without subgrid physics, we investigate the acceleration of the highest-energy particles in the turbulent sheath of a fast-moving jet. Our findings demonstrate that acceleration close to the maximum theoretical expectation is possible. When extrapolated to nearby radio galaxies, our results suggest that the kiloparsec-scale jets of Centaurus A could account for the dipole anisotropy in UHECRs, while more potent Fanaroff–Riley type II radio galaxies may account for the observed UHECR spectrum with a rigidity cutoff at a few Exavolts.
Perceptions sociales et adaptation au changement climatique dans et autour de la Réserve de Biosphère de Yangambi (RBY) en République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Tanyobe Emmanuel Tamidribe , Liena Papy Bambu , Bomfie Edmond Mokuinema , Lufukaribu Ben Israël Bohola 
Published: December 2024

Le présent article a pour objectif de démontrer que les perceptions locales du changement climatique et les stratégies d’adaptation développées par les communautés riveraines de la Réserve de Biosphère de Yangambi (RBY) en République démocratique du Congo sont influencées par l’autochtonie ou le lien ancestral ancré sur le sol et la faible acceptabilité sociale des actions de conservation de la nature. Cette faible acceptabilité sociale concerne, en effet, les projets y exécutés. Pour ce faire, des sources documentaires, des enquêtes par entretiens individuels ainsi que par groupes de discussion (focus group) ont permis de récolter les données. L’analyse des données collectées démontre que la construction de la perception locale du changement climatique est influencée par deux facteurs principaux : d’une part, l’autochtonie qui renvoie au sentiment d'appartenance des communautés locales à leur terre ancestrale dont une superficie de 225 000 hectares est occupée par la RBY et, d’autre part, la faiblesse d’acceptabilité sociale de ladite réserve, y compris de projets menés dans et autour cette RBY.
Dengue Fever in Cancer Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Krishnan Surya , Devasia Alma Rose , Krishna Sivadas Swathi , Murali Anjali , Dipu Thareparambil Sathyapalan , Pavithran Keechilat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Complications of dengue fever are understudied in oncology. In patients undergoing chemotherapy, the immunosuppressive effects of drugs increase susceptibility to infections, such as dengue, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report two cases highlighting the challenges and importance of early detection in managing dengue fever alongside chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Both patients presented with severe leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, common to both chemotherapy side effects and dengue, complicating clinical management. Early recognition of dengue has allowed for appropriate management, resulting in full recovery.
The Dreaded Cholangiogram: Fluoroscopic Findings for Timely Diagnosis
Authors: Nair Priya , Methala Sharon Paul , Koshy Anoop K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presents the fluoroscopic image of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) in a young adult male with accelerated hypertension. The image captures the characteristic biliary obstruction at the hepatic hilum, underscoring the diagnostic value of fluoroscopy in identifying biliary tract malignancies. It aims to highlight the importance of timely imaging for management decisions in such cases.