bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tissue deformation during radiofrequency and microwave ablation procedures: Influence of output energy delivery
Authors: Liu Dong , Brace Christopher L. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze tissue deformation during radiofrequency (RF) and microwave ablation for varying output energy levels.MethodsA total of 46 fiducial markers which were classified into outer, middle, and inner lines were positioned into a single plane around an RF or microwave ablation applicator in each ex vivo bovine liver sample (8 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm, n = 18). Radiofrequency (500 kHz; ~35 W average) or microwave (2.4 GHz; 50–100 W output, ~35–70 W delivered) ablation was performed for 10 min (n = 4–6 each setting). CT images were acquired over the entire liver volume every 15 s. Principle strain magnitude and direction were determined from fiducial marker displacement. Normal and shear strain were then calculated such that negative strain denoted contraction and positive strain denoted expansion. Temporal variations, the final magnitudes, and angles of the strain were compared across energy delivery settings, using one‐way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's tests.ResultsOn average, tissue strain rates peak at around 1 min and decayed exponentially over time. No evidence of tissue expansion was observed. The tissue strains from RF and 50 W, 75 W, and 100 W microwave ablation at 10 min were −8.5%, −38.9%, −54.4%, and −65.7%, respectively, from the inner region and −3.6%, −23.7%, −41.8%, and −44.3%, respectively, from the outer region. Negative strain magnitude was positively correlated to energy delivery in the inner region (Spearman’s = −0.99). Microwaves at higher powers (75–100 W) induced significantly more strain than at lower power (50 W) or after RF ablation (P < 0.01). Principal strain angles ranged from 0.8° to −8.1°, indicating that tissue deformed more in the direction transverse to the applicator than along the direction of the applicator.ConclusionsThe influence of output energy on tissue deformation during RF and microwave ablation was analyzed. Microwave ablation created significantly greater contraction than RF ablation with similar energy delivery. During microwave ablation, more contraction was noted at higher power levels and in proximity to the antenna. Contraction primarily transverse to the antenna produces ablation zones that are more elongated than the original tissue volume.
Eine Substanz, viele Namen
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWenn deutsche Chemiker sich unterhalten oder publizieren, verwenden sie oft unterschiedliche Begriffe für Moleküle, obwohl sie das Gleiche meinen. Woran das liegt, verrät ein Blick in die 1970er und 1980er Jahre – die Neuerungen aus dieser Zeit wirken bis heute.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 2: Strukturaufklärung peptidbindender GPCRs
Authors: Kaiser Anette , Krug Ulrike , Schmidt Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 3: Adhäsions‐GPCR ‐‐ Hindernisse und Perspektiven
Authors: Scholz Nicole , Prömel Simone , Liebscher Ines 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Devoted or negotiated routes of adherence: Narratives of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea using a continuous positive airway pressure device
Authors: Møkleby Margareta , Mengshoel Anne Marit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the narratives of patients about receiving a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and using a continuous positive airway pressure device.DesignA qualitative design with a narrative approach.MethodsParticipants with personal experience of using a continuous positive airway pressure device were recruited through purposive sampling. Two women and five men were interviewed in 2017. The data material was subjected to a narrative analysis.ResultsTwo storylines portraying two different trajectories of continuous positive airway pressure use were identified: “A route of devotion” reflects patients experiencing immediate health benefits, which lead to committed use. “A route of negotiations” is characterized by more irregular use, and the perceived benefits were less evident than for those displaying a devoted route. Individuals adjust to a continuous positive airway pressure device differently based on their prior and present life situation and whether use of the device is experienced as an opportunity to regain ordinary life or as an obstacle to maintaining ordinary life.
The integrin αvβ6 drives pancreatic cancer through diverse mechanisms and represents an effective target for therapy
Authors: Reader Claire S , Vallath Sabari , Steele Colin W , Haider Syed , Brentnall Adam , Desai Ami , Moore Kate M , Jamieson Nigel B , Chang David , Bailey Peter , Scarpa Aldo , Lawlor Rita , Chelala Claude , Keyse Stephen M , Biankin Andrew , Morton Jennifer P , Evans TR Jeffry , Barry Simon T , Sansom Owen J , Kocher Hemant M , Marshall John F 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5‐year survival rate of less than 4% and desperately needs novel effective therapeutics. Integrin αvβ6 has been linked with poor prognosis in cancer but its potential as a target in PDAC remains unclear. We report that transcriptional expression analysis revealed that high levels of β6 mRNA correlated strongly with significantly poorer survival (n = 491 cases, p = 3.17 × 10−8). In two separate cohorts, we showed that over 80% of PDACs expressed αvβ6 protein and that paired metastases retained αvβ6 expression. In vitro, integrin αvβ6 promoted PDAC cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Treatment of both αvβ6‐positive human PDAC xenografts and transgenic mice bearing αvβ6‐positive PDAC with the αvβ6 blocking antibody 264RAD, combined with gemcitabine, significantly reduced tumour growth (p < 0.0001) and increased survival (log‐rank test, p < 0.05). Antibody therapy was associated with suppression of tumour cell activity (suppression of pErk growth signals, increased apoptosis seen as activated caspase‐3) and suppression of the pro‐tumourigenic microenvironment (suppression of TGFβ signalling, fewer αSMA‐positive myofibroblasts, decreased blood vessel density). These data show that αvβ6 promotes PDAC growth through both tumour cell and tumour microenvironment mechanisms and represents a valuable target for PDAC therapy. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Neuropilin‐2 contributes to tumor progression in preclinical models of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Bollard Julien , Patte Céline , Radkova Kristina , Massoma Patrick , Chardon Laurence , Valantin Julie , Gadot Nicolas , Goddard Isabelle , Vercherat Cécile , Hervieu Valérie , Gouysse Géraldine , Poncet Gilles , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Walter Thomas , Roche Colette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe identification of novel regulators of tumor progression is a key challenge to gain knowledge on the biology of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NETs). We recently identified the loss of the axon guidance protein semaphorin 3F as a protumoral event in SI‐NETs. Interestingly the expression of its receptor neuropilin‐2 (NRP‐2) was still maintained. This study aimed at deciphering the potential role of NRP‐2 as a contributor to SI‐NET progression. The role of NRP‐2 in SI‐NET progression was addressed using an approach integrating human tissue and serum samples, cell lines and in vivo models. Data obtained from human SI‐NET tissues showed that membranous NRP‐2 expression is present in a majority of tumors, and is correlated with invasion, metastatic abilities, and neovascularization. In addition, NRP‐2 soluble isoform was found elevated in serum samples from metastatic patients. In preclinical mouse models of NET progression, NRP‐2 silencing led to a sustained antitumor effect, partly driven by the downregulation of VEGFR2. In contrast, its ectopic expression conferred a gain of aggressiveness, driven by the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways. Lastly, NRP‐2 inhibition led to a decrease of tumor cell viability, and sensitized to therapeutic agents. Overall, our results point out NRP‐2 as a potential therapeutic target for SI‐NETs, and will foster the development of innovative strategies targeting this receptor. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Neutropenia Associated with Ceftaroline or Ceftriaxone in Patients Receiving at Least 7 Days of Therapy for Severe Infections
Authors: Veve Michael P. , Stuart Misa , Davis Susan L. 
Published: July 2019

Study ObjectiveCeftarolinefosamil is a cephalosporin with broad clinical utility; however, limited data suggest that prolonged ceftaroline exposure may be associated with neutropenia. The objective was to determine drug and patient factors associated with neutropenia in patients receiving ceftaroline or ceftriaxone for deep‐seated infections.DesignRetrospective, ratio‐matched cohort study.SettingFour acute‐care hospitals within an urban health care system.PatientsA total of 176 hospitalized adults who received definitive ceftaroline (44 patients) or ceftriaxone (132 patients) therapy for at least 7 days between January 2013 and April 2017 for any of the following indications: bone and joint infections (BJI), infective endocarditis (IE), or bloodstream infections (BSI).Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was development of neutropenia while receiving cephalosporin therapy, defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1500 cells/mm3. Neutropenia severity and patient characteristics were described and compared between the ceftaroline and ceftriaxone groups. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) antibiotic prescription duration was 41 (29–44) days for the ceftaroline group and 40 (28–44) days for the ceftriaxone group (p=0.9). Cephalosporin indications were 112 (64%) BJI, 27 (15%) BSI, 16 (9%) IE, and 21 (12%) multiple infections; ceftaroline was more commonly used in BJI (p=0.03), and ceftriaxone was more commonly used in IE (p=0.01). Neutropenia developed in 16 (9%) patients: 8 (18%) in the ceftaroline group and 8 (6%) in the ceftriaxone group (p=0.03). Median (IQR) onset to neutropenia was 22 (15–28) days, and median (IQR) change in ANC was 2.86 (1.50–4.08) cells/mm3; most cases of neutropenia were mild (12 patients [75%]). The median (IQR) time to mild or moderate‐severe neutropenia was not significantly different (p=0.68): 22 (14–28) and 22 (21–36) days, respectively. Treatment was discontinued in 4 (25%) patients due to neutropenia. Ceftaroline use was independently associated with neutropenia (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2–10.5) after adjusting for lower body mass index strata (18.5–25 kg/m2).ConclusionProlonged ceftaroline use was an independent risk factor for developing mild neutropenia. Clinicians should be cognizant of ANC monitoring in scenarios where prolonged ceftaroline courses are prescribed.
Synthesis of comb‐like dispersants and a study on the effect of dispersant architecture and carbon black dispersion
Authors: Holbrook Travis P. , Masson Georgeta M. , Storey Robson F. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTComb dispersants suitable for stabilization of carbonaceous deposits found in automotive lubricating oils were derived from the copolymerization of vinyl‐ether terminated polyisobutylene (VE‐PIB) macromonomers with maleic anhydride (MAH). The rate and degree of copolymerization of VE‐PIB with MAH was greatly influenced by the molecular weight of the VE‐PIB. Longer PIB tails imposed greater hindrance of the chain end resulting in slower propagation and lower degrees of copolymerization for PIB‐alt‐MAH copolymers. Functionalization of PIB‐alt‐MAH with a polyamine proceeded smoothly at elevated temperatures as evidenced by disappearance of anhydride stretches via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Analogous linear and grafted dispersants were prepared to investigate the influence of architecture on the physical properties of the dispersants. Characterization of the intermediates and final dispersants was conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet–visible. Using Langmuir adsorption studies and carbon black as a substitute for carbonaceous deposits, it was found that comb and grafted dispersants exhibit greater affinities for adsorption but decreased packing efficiencies in comparison to linear dispersants. Rheological studies investigating viscosity as a function of loading for dispersant/oil mixtures with carbon black present a similar finding. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1682–1696
A fresh look at patterns and assumptions in the field of entrepreneurship: What can we learn?
Authors: Dushnitsky Gary , Matusik Sharon F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryThis article invites scholars to reconsider how the evolution of entrepreneurial phenomena affects the underlying theories employed in our field. We highlight three themes affected by changes to the entrepreneurial journey nowadays in a way that can challenge some foundational research in each area. To that end, we engage in a dual conversation; explicitly revisiting extant theories, as well as deliberately seeking out practice insights on how behaviors and actions are changing. This approach provides fertile ground for future work to re‐examine the theoretical assumptions we often take for granted. Such investigation can either provide fresh evidence of the robustness of extant theory, or create new pathways of inquiry. For entrepreneurship scholars who are dedicated to researching innovation and progress in firms and individuals, this is an exciting time to create innovation and progress in our field.
Managerial SummaryHas the entrepreneurial journey remained unchanged over the past decades? And if there have been substantive changes, what are they? And what are their implications? These are critical questions that talk to entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners alike. The purpose of this article is to encourage a dialogue among and across the two groups. We present dual theory‐practitioner conversations around three points of dialogue; the origin of entrepreneurial opportunity, organizing and scaling, and resource acquisition. In each case, we show that drawing on both the practice and academic community is important in identifying the value of extant theories and frameworks and where there are important opportunities for new frameworks and predictions. We believe that this kind of theory‐practitioner dialogue offers invaluable guidance to further advance our field.A video abstract is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7o9Yy-Vtzs.
Red‐Emitting Ratiometric Fluorescence Chemodosimeter for the Discriminative Detection of Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Sathiskumar Udayadasan , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA NIR‐emitting fluorescent probe using phenothiazine and 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid (PMB) connected through methylene bridge was developed in a two‐step simple chemical reaction. The fluorescent probes were highly reactive towards various primary amines and the reaction was accompanied by the changes in the optical and fluorescent properties of the PMB characteristic to the amine and thereby can have the potential to be used as a sensor for amines. In addition to the ratiometric changes in the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the PMB before and after reaction with an amine, the emission spectral maximum is specific to the analyte. For, example 1,4‐diaminobenzene, 4‐methoxyaniline, aniline, hydrazine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine respectively shows the maximum at 532, 546, 555, 484, 497, and 488 nm and this unique feature originated due to the involvement of the analyte in the extended π‐conjugation with the probe. Sensor strips prepared using PMB coated filter paper were able to sense the volatile amine gases with shorter response time. Analysis of the strips using the CIELAB 1976 color coordinates provides different signals for hydrazine, aniline, propylamine, and ethylamine gases. The applicability of the sensor was further ascertained by monitoring the decomposition of skin used for leather processing and also proteins engineered with an amino‐functionalized unnatural amino acid.
A Fluorescent Probe with a Significant Selective Turn‐On Response for HClO Detection and Bioimaging in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Wenling , Jin Lei , Shen Zheyu , Li Zonghao , Zhang Xinya , Wang Qingming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHypochlorous/Hypochlorite(HClO/ClO−) plays an important biochemistry roles in normal operation of the life system. Herein, a fluorescent probe 7‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐ acryloyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (CCO) was rationally designed and synthesized via aldehyde ketone condensation reaction to detect ClO− in Tris‐HCl (pH=7.2, 60% DMF) solution. Probe CCO was cleaved conceivably in the coumarin lactone ring by an oxidation reaction with ClO− and emitted intensive bright yellow fluorescence. The sensing mechanism was further confirmed by ESI‐MS and DFT calculation. The fluorescence emission of probe CCO triggered by ClO− was obviously enhanced within 20 s. The limit of detection of probe CCO was calculated as low as 2.6 nM. Furthermore, probe CCO can be given as an effective and outstanding fluorescent exogenous ClO− probe in living HEK293T cells for microscopic cell imaging.
Anchoring RuO2 Nanoparticles on Ultrathin Porous Carbon Shell toward High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaoqing , Yu Huali , Liu Xiaofei , Lu Youcai , Liu Qingchao , Li Zhongjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, the practical application of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery is still hampered by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and sluggish kinetics of cathode, which results in the loss of active materials and rapid capacity decay of the sulfur cathode. Herein, we develop novel hierarchical ultrathin porous carbon shell anchored with RuO2 nanoparticles as efficient cathode hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The carbon shell can allow efficient impregnation of sulfur and provide effective spatial confinement to reduce polysulfide diffusion. In addition, the volume expansion of sulfur upon lithiation can be also remitted due to the sufficient space inside the carbon shell. The anchored RuO2 nanoparticles in the host material can synergistically enhance the immobilization of polysulfide and accelerate their redox reaction. Accordingly, this hierarchical structure based‐cathode containing 70.6 wt% sulfur content delivers enhanced electrochemical performances including high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and superior cycling stability.
Janus Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fiber with Tunable Properties Enabled by Ultrafast Flash Reduction
Authors: Kim In Ho , Im Tae Hong , Lee Han Eol , Jang Ji‐Soo , Wang Hee Seung , Lee Gil Yong , Kim Il‐Doo , Lee Keon Jae , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlash photothermal treatment via Xenon lamp with a broad wavelength spectrum can effectively remove oxygen functionalities and restore sp2 domains at graphitic carbon materials. The chemical composition and relevant structure formation of flash reduced graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) fibers are investigated in accordance with flash irradiation conditions. Owing to the spatial controllability of reduction level via anisotropic flash irradiation, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of graphene fibers can be delicately counterbalanced to attain desired properties. High sensitivity humidity sensors can be fabricated from the flash reduced fibers demonstrating notably higher sensitivity over the thermally reduced counterparts. This ultrafast flash reduction holds great promise for multidimensional macroscopic GO based structures, enabling a wide range of potential applications, including textile electronics and wearable sensors.
Unraveling Photoexcited Charge Transfer Pathway and Process of CdS/Graphene Nanoribbon Composites toward Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xia Yang , Cheng Bei , Fan Jiajie , Yu Jiaguo , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConverting solar energy into chemical fuels is increasingly receiving a great deal of attention. In this work, CdS nanoparticles (NPs) are solvothermally anchored onto graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) that are longitudinally unzipped from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The as‐synthesized CdS/GNR nanocomposites with recyclability present GNR content‐dependent activity in visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution from water splitting. In a range of 1–10 wt% GNRs, the CdS/GNR composites with 2 wt% GNRs achieves the greatest hydrogen evolution rate of 1.89 mmol h−1 g−1. The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency is 19.3%, which is ≈3.7 times higher than that of pristine CdS NPs. To elucidate the underlying photocatalytic mechanism, a systematic characterization, including in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe measurements, is performed. In particular, the interfacial charge transfer pathway and process from CdS NPs to GNRs is revealed. This work may open avenues to fabricate GNR‐based nanocomposites for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and beyond.
Providing Reading Competence Feedback to the National School System of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Alexander Annetta , Wyke Wallis , Lewis Theodore , Taylor‐Ryan Maureen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe authors report findings from an evaluation of the reading competence of students in selected elementary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. The work was conducted in eight schools and involved the testing of 450 students in standards (grades) 1 and 5 for competence in comprehension, oral reading, and word recognition. Methods and results relating to each of these three areas of inquiry are described.