bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality-Adjusted Life Years After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Konopka Joseph F. , Lee Yuo-yu , Su Edwin P. , McLawhorn Alexander S. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is the preferred outcome measurement for cost-effectiveness analysis in health care. QALYs measure patient health-related quality of life with use of a value between 0 and 1. Few studies have provided original data delineating QALYs after hip and knee arthroplasty. In the present study, we evaluated patient utility preoperatively and 2 years after total hip arthroplasty, hip resurfacing, revision hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and revision knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
A single-hospital joint registry, which enrolled patients from 2007 to 2011, was retrospectively examined for all patients who underwent primary or revision hip or knee arthroplasty and who had preoperative and 2-year postoperative Short Form-36 (SF-36), Short Form-12 (SF-12), or EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) scores available. Patient age, body mass index (BMI), sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were recorded. QALYs were determined from the EQ-5D index and the Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) index.

Results:
Five thousand, four hundred and sixty-three patients underwent total hip arthroplasty, with a mean annual increase (and standard deviation) of 0.25 ± 0.2 QALY; 843 patients underwent hip resurfacing, with a mean annual increase of 0.24 ± 0.17 QALY; 5,398 patients underwent primary total knee arthroplasty, with a mean annual increase of 0.17 ± 0.19 QALY; and 240 patients underwent medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, with a mean annual increase of 0.16 ± 0.17 QALY. Aseptic revision arthroplasty (440 hips, 323 knees) was associated with a smaller QALY gain than primary arthroplasty. Patient age, BMI, female sex, ASA category, and higher preoperative health-related quality of life were negative predictors for QALY gain after primary arthroplasty. Forty additional hip procedures and 35 additional knee procedures were also analyzed.

Conclusions:
Primary hip and knee arthroplasty, on average, result in substantially increased patient quality of life. Revision hip and knee replacement result in a lower, but still positive, gain in quality of life. However, there is a considerable variation in patient outcomes across all procedures. Our results may be used to improve the certainty of future cost-effectiveness analyses of hip and knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS E DE BIOMASSA EM DOIS HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO SUBMETIDOS À DUAS CONDIÇÕES DE ADUBAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTARÉM - PA
Authors: Guerra Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura , Ferreira Júlia Batista Azevedo , Vieira Thaís Silva , Franco Jaci Roecker , Costa Ana Cecília Moura , Tavares Paula Raniele Freitas 
Published: August 2018

Com o desenvolvimento da exploração avícola na cidade de Santarém/PA, o uso da cama de aviário como fertilizante é uma opção atrativa para a exploração de culturas como soja e milho, bem como hortaliças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produtividade de grãos e de biomassa de dois híbridos de milho submetidos a duas condições de adubação no município de Santarém/PA. Foi avaliada a combinação entre dois fatores, cultivares e adubação. As cultivares híbridas de milho foram: Híbrido CD384Hx Coodetec® e Híbrido DKB350VTPRO DEKALB®. Na adubação com cama de aviário foram adotadas as doses de 0 e 2 t.ha-1. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizado no esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com quatro repetições. A semeadura domilho foi realizada no espaçamento de 0,8 x 0,25m, com população de 50.000 plantas.ha-1. As parcelas foram constituídas por oito linhas de 3,0m de comprimento, com uma área total de 14,4m2 e parcela útil de 8,0m2.Foram avaliadas: altura de planta e de inserção da primeira espiga; diâmetro do colmo e da espiga; comprimento de espiga; prolificidade; fileiras de grãos/espiga e grãos na fileira; grãos/espiga; peso de 100 grãos e produtividade. A cama de aviário proporcionou incrementos no número de fileiras e de grãos/fileiras e por sua vez, no tamanho das espigas, em comprimento e diâmetro, devido a um melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo (altura e diâmetro de planta). O fornecimento da cama de aviário proporcionou incrementos da ordem de 20,16%, 33,34% e 46,95% no híbrido CD384Hx, e de 39,52%, 42,45% e 61,54% no DKB350 VTPRO, para o número de grãos/espiga, peso de 100 grãos e produtividade, respectivamente, quando comparados ao cultivo sem a adubação. O híbrido DKB350 VTPRO produziu maior número de grãos/espigas bem como, grãos mais pesados e maiorprodutividade do que o CD384Hx, quando fornecido a cama de aviário. Nas condições de Santarém/PA, ambos os híbridos foram produtivos, podendo recomendar o seu cultivo, porém com o fornecimento de cama deaviário o híbrido DKB350 VTPRO apresentou maior produtividade.
CULTIVO DE MILHO EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO EM PASTAGEM INOCULADA COM AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE
Authors: Costa Leite Rubson Da , De Sousa Soares Guilherme Octávio , Costa Leite Robson Da , Donizetti dos Santos José Geraldo , Barbalho André Tiago , Clementino dos Santos Antônio 
Published: August 2018

São diversos os estudos sobre inoculação em gramíneas com bactérias Azospirillum brasilense. Porém pouco se sabe sobre o efeito residual da inoculação. São necessários estudos que visem avaliar o efeito no solo pela inoculação dessas bactérias em associação com plantas. Mediante a importância da associação de gramíneas com bactérias com capacidade de fixar biologicamente o Nitrogênio, objetivou-se avaliar características agronômicas em plantas de milho (Zea mays L.) sobre plantio direto em pastagem inoculada com Azospirillum brasilense com doses de Nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatros repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais de 9,0 m² cada. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por plantio direto em pastagem com e sem inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (estirpes Abv 5 e Abv 6) e com doses de N em cobertura no capim (0, 12,5, 25 e 50 kg ha-1). Foram avaliados os parâmetros: altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, comprimento da espiga, diâmetro da espiga e peso da espiga. O plantio direto de milho sob pastagem inoculada com Azospirillum brasilense promove incremento nas características diâmetro e peso de espigas de milho. Diferentes doses de nitrogênio residual na pastagem não influenciam o milho em sucessão em sistema de plantio direto.
Avaliação do pH ácido e potencial erosivo de bebidas alcoólicas
Authors: Medeiros Rainier Almeida de , Fernandes Neto José de Alencar , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos 
Published: August 2018

Introdução: A erosão dental é definida como um processo patológico que leva à perda de substância dentária por processos químicos. Atualmente, os fatores de risco para a ocorrência dessa lesão têm sido pesquisados com maior interesse, já que sua incidência aumenta, devido às mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, desordens gastrointestinais e descontrole alimentar psicológico. Objetivo: avaliar o pH de quatro tipos de bebidas alcoólicas (Smirnoff Ice®, Talante® sabor coco, canela e menta) em duas temperaturas (25ºC e 5ºC), sob o ponto de vista do potencial erosivo. Material e método: Foram avaliados oito exemplares de cada bebida nas temperaturas determinadas com o auxílio do aparelho pHmetro. Resultados: todas as amostras das bebidas avaliadas apresentaram pH inferior a 5,0. O pH da Smirnoff Ice® é significativamente menor do que qualquer que seja o sabor da Talante®. A Smirnoff Ice® apresentou a média do pH 2,34, sendo significativamente menor do que as demais bebidas. Quanto à temperatura os resultados mostraram que a mesma não altera o pH da bebida Talante® independente do sabor. Conclusão: Existem evidências de que a temperatura altera significativamente o pH da bebida Smirnoff Ice®. Se consumidas com frequência, as bebidas avaliadas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de erosão dentária.Descritores: Erosão Dentária; Bebidas Alcoólicas; Propriedades Físicas e Químicas; Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio.
Rice‐Straw Biochar Regulating Effect on Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. 'Hangbaiju'
Authors: Chen Gui , Qiao Jie , Zhao Guohua , Zhang Hongmei , Shen Yaqiang , Cheng Wangda 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Rice‐straw biochar enhanced soil nutrients contents except availability of N.
Microbial community structures in soil were optimized after biochar application.
Biochar (10%, w/w) improved growth of C. morifolium Ramat. ‘Hangbaiju’.
Biochar increased the total flavonoid content in flower of ‘Hangbaiju’.
Biochar reduced physiological P and K use efficiencies in ‘Hangbaiju’ plant.
Soil acidification, fertility decline, and continuous cropping obstacles are detrimental to Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Hangbaiju’ growth. Biochar has been reported as a good soil conditioner. However, the mechanism by which rice‐straw biochar regulates soil chemical and biological properties and adjusts Hangbaiju growth needs to be elucidated. A field experiment was conducted in Tongxiang City, China, where Hangbaiju originated, to determine the effect of rice‐straw biochar on the characteristics of soil nutrient and microorganisms and on yield, quality, and nutrient use efficiencies of Hangbaiju. Significant increases were observed in total N content in soil and soil pH in all biochar treatments (5, 10, 15, and 20%, w/w), in NH4OAC‐extractable K and organic C content by the application of 10% or more rice‐straw biochar, and in Olsen P content by the addition of 20% biochar compared with that of no biochar application in soil (CK). However, alkali‐hydrolyzable N content was significantly reduced by 25.9 to 35.3% in all biochar treatments. Application of 20% biochar significantly increased the bacterial quantity of soil by 26.9% compared with that of CK. Applying 10% or more biochar significantly increased actinomycete quantity by 80.6 to 130% but decreased the number of fungi by 22.2 to 30.2%. Furthermore, Fusarium oxysporum in all biochar treatments was reduced by 42.4 to 54.4% compared with CK. Hangbaiju yield was greatest when 10% of biochar was added to the soil (23.9% higher than CK). However, larger amounts of biochar decreased yield. Biochar application increased the total flavonoid content in the flower of Hangbaiju compared with CK by 9.40 to 43.3%. However, biochar application decreased physiological P and K use efficiencies but caused a slight increase in physiological N use efficiency. Therefore, the application of 10% (w/w) rice‐straw biochar in soil is best suited to improve soil quality and increase the yield of Hangbaiju.
Soil‐Test Biological Activity with the Flush of CO2: IV. Fall‐Stockpiled Tall Fescue Yield Response to Applied Nitrogen
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Pehim‐Limbu Smriti , Poore Matt H. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Soil biological activity is a reliable indicator of soil nitrogen availability.
Nitrogen fertilization of fall stockpiled tall fescue should be adjusted based on soil testing.
The flush of CO2 is a robust indicator of soil biological activity.
A new paradigm of soil testing based on soil biological activity is possible.
Fall stockpiling of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) in the southeastern United States is promoted as an ecologically favorable cattle management approach to avoid the financial and environmental burdens of winter hay feeding. We hypothesized that soil N mineralization should be an important factor controlling forage yield response to N fertilizer. We conducted 55 N fertilizer trials in combination with analyses of soil C and N fractions at multiple locations in Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia during two seasons. Plant‐available N, as a combination of residual inorganic N + mineralizable N at depth of 0 to 10 cm, was significantly negatively related with extent of forage dry matter response to N fertilizer input. Large variations in economically optimum N fertilizer requirement (EONR) occurred among fields, but when several fields were averaged along a gradient of soil biological activity, a strong negative yield response with increasing soil‐test biological activity emerged. With moderate soil‐test biological activity of 200 mg CO2–C kg–1 soil 3 d–1, EONR was 20 kg N Mg–1 forage dry matter (a value similar to current N fertilizer recommendations). However, with progressively greater soil‐test biological activity up to 600 mg CO2–C kg–1 soil 3 d–1, EONR declined in a nonlinear manner to near zero. These results illustrate that N fertilizer recommendations for fall stockpiled tall fescue pastures should be a function of soil‐test biological activity as an indicator of biologically active N. Greater economic and environmental sustainability would likely be attainable with a shift to recognizing soil biological activity in an ecologically oriented fertilization paradigm.
Soil Organic Carbon Storage under Biofuel Cropping Systems in a Humid, Continental Climate
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa A. , Chua‐Ona Teresita , Liebman Matt , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Biofuel cropping systems did not lead to increases in soil C stocks after 7 yr.
Only the continuous corn cropping system led to an increase in bulk density after 7 yr.
The correlation between soil organic C and clay content weakened after 7 yr.
The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of perennial and annual biofuel cropping systems on soil bulk density (BD) and soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and stocks in a humid, continental climate. The model system chosen was in central Iowa. The cropping systems studied were: continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), continuous corn with a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (CCW), reconstructed prairie with no fertilizer amendments (Pr), and reconstructed prairie that received annual N fertilizer amendment (PrF). A large‐scale field experiment was established in 2008, and each treatment was replicated four times. Soil cores were collected from the replicate plots at depths of 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm after harvest in 2008 and 2015, and soil BD and SOC were determined. The prairie‐based cropping systems (Pr and PrF) maintained low soil BDs over the seven growing seasons. While mean BD in the corn‐based cropping systems (CC and CCW) increased over seven growing seasons from 1.41 Mg m−3 in 2008 to 1.49 Mg m−3 in 2015, SOC stocks in the four treatments were statistically unchanged (p ≤ 0.05). We found that SOC concentration in the upper 15 cm of the soil was strongly correlated with clay content in 2008 (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.0001), but that the association between clay and SOC had weakened somewhat in the annual cropping systems after 7 yr of crop production (R2 = 0.52, P < 0.0015).
A Meta‐Analysis on the Effect of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Nutrient Loss
Authors: Nummer Stephanie A. , Qian Song. S. , Harmel R. Daren 
Published: August 2018

Conservation practices are widely used to reduce N and P loads from agricultural fields and minimize their impact on water quality, but research using field‐scale data to model the national average impact of conservation practices for different forms of N and P is needed. Thus, we quantified the effects of conservation practices (grassed waterways, terraces, contour farming, filter strips, and riparian buffers) on total, particulate, and dissolved N and P runoff from farmlands. Specifically, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments (MANAGE) database using propensity score matching and multilevel modeling to remove the influence of confounding factors. There is no best method for addressing this influence, so we applied two alternative methods because similar results increase confidence in our findings. Propensity score matching found that conservation practices reduced total P, particulate P, and particulate N loading by an average of 67, 83, and 67%, respectively. Multilevel modeling estimated reductions of 58, 76, and 64% for the same nutrients. Although the propensity score method only yields a mean rate of reduction, multilevel modeling further estimates the reduction for different subgroups (i.e., different crops and fertilizer application methods) when such groupings are feasible. The multilevel models indicated that conservation practices affected row crops the most (e.g., corn [Zea mays L.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]) and fields with injected or surface‐applied fertilizers. Our analysis used field‐scale data to estimate the average effectiveness of conservation practices in reducing N and P runoff, providing valuable insight for regional and national decision making.Core Ideas
Balancing confounding factors enabled us to conclude the effect of conservation practices.
Total P and particulate P and N had >50% reductions in loading due to conservation practices.
Conservation practices are most effective at reducing the loading of particulate P and N.
Genotypic Variation and Biofortification with Selenium in Brazilian Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Boldrin Paulo Fernandes , Faquin Valdemar , Clemente Aline da Consolação Sampaio , de Andrade Thais , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães 
Published: August 2018

Selenium is essential to human and animal health, as it regulates glutathione peroxidase activity. Although not considered essential to plants, it may be beneficial to plant growth and development at low concentrations. This study evaluated the effect of selenate application on Se biofortification, macro‐ and micronutrient content, and the expression of genes involved in Se uptake and assimilation in 12 Brazilian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. This nutrient‐solution experiment was performed in a greenhouse and consisted of a complete 12 × 2 factorial randomized design, with 12 wheat cultivars in the absence or presence of Se in solution (13 μmol), with three replicates. The presence of Se in solution did not affect growth and yield of wheat cultivars. Selenium content and accumulation in the grain varied significantly among the different cultivars. The presence of Se affected macronutrient content more than micronutrient content, and selenate application increased S content in the shoots of eight cultivars and in the grains of five cultivars. Examination of gene expression did not allow identification of responses within the two groups of cultivars—with high or low Se contents—after selenate application. Our findings are relevant to the design of Se biofortification strategies for wheat in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems.Core Ideas
Selenate application increased S content in the shoot and grain tissues of wheat cultivars.
Supplying Se through the roots enhances Se in wheat tissue, both shoots and grain.
Linking genetic–agronomic approaches is key for biofortifying Brazilian wheat cultivars with Se.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Wastewater and Surface Water Environments
Authors: Hamilton Kerry A. , Waso Monique , Reyneke Brandon , Saeidi Nazanin , Levine Audrey , Lalancette Cindy , Besner Marie‐Claude , Khan Wesaal , Ahmed Warish 
Published: August 2018

Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. are significant contributors to the global waterborne disease burden. Waterways used as sources of drinking water and for recreational activity can become contaminated through the introduction of fecal materials derived from humans and animals. Multiple studies have reported the occurence or concentrations of these pathogens in the environment. However, this information has not been comprehensively reviewed. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for Cryptosporidium and Giardia can be beneficial, but it often relies on the concentrations in environmental sources reported from the literature. A thorough literature review was conducted to develop an inventory of reported Cryptosporidium and Giardia concentrations in wastewater and surface water available in the literature. This information can be used to develop QMRA inputs. Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cyst concentrations in untreated wastewater were up to 60,000 oocysts L−1 and 100,000 cysts L−1, respectively. The maximum reported concentrations for Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water were 8400 oocysts L−1 and 1000 cysts L−1, respectively. A summary of the factors for interpretation of concentration information including common quantification methods, survival and persistence, biofilm interactions, genotyping, and treatment removal is provided in this review. This information can help in identifying assumptions implicit in various QMRA parameters, thus providing the context and rationale to guide model formulation and application. Additionally, it can provide valuable information for water quality practitioners striving to meet the recreational water quality or treatment criteria. The goal is for the information provided in the current review to aid in developing source water protection and monitoring strategies that will minimize public health risks.Core Ideas
Cryptosporidium and Giardia contribute significantly to the global waterborne disease burden.
Environmental concentrations of protozoa are needed to quantify health risks.
Concentration data can be used to inform protozoan fate and transport models.
Quantifying Transport of Arsenic in Both Natural Soils and Relatively Homogeneous Porous Media using Stochastic Models
Authors: Lu Bingqing , Song Jia , Li Shiyin , Tick Geoffrey R. , Wei Wei , Zhu Jianting , Zheng Chunmiao , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
A tempered time fractional‐derivative equation to model Arsenic transport in soil is proposed.
Arsenic kinetics of leaching and flushing was affected by multi‐rate sorption–desorption.
Model parameters changed with soil properties, such as clay content and pH condition.
The widespread distribution of arsenic in soils is a pollution source that jeopardizes human health, and the transport of arsenic (As) under various conditions is not fully understood and quantified. This study proposes a tempered time fractional advection‐dispersion equation (fADE), to model the rate‐limited diffusion and sorption–desorption of As in soil. Applications show that the time fADE can effectively capture skewed breakthrough curves (BTCs) of As leaching from natural soils, which contain multiple stages of desorption that cannot be fully described by the single‐rate mass transfer (SRMT) model. The time fADE model parameters change with soil properties, such as clay content and pH condition. For comparison purposes, a series of As injection column experiments packed with glass beads were conducted to generate BTCs under various hydrologic conditions. Applications show that the time fADE and the multi‐rate mass transfer (MRMT) model perform better than the SRMT model in characterizing non‐Fickian dynamics, especially for prolonged retention, in most runs of leaching and flushing experiments. Parameters in the MRMT model and the time fADE can be linked to simplify the fitting procedure. Such simplification and representation of experimental conditions demonstrate the promise and applicability of the time fADE model for capturing As transport in soil.