bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of thermal and electrical performance in a salt gradient solar pond
Authors: Goswami Rohtash , Das Ranjan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The performance of a salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) invariably depends on the properties across its various zones. This paper presents an experimental study of salt diffusion, electrical and thermal performance of a trapezoidal-shaped SGSP. The variations of various parameters such as salt concentration, temperature gain, electrical conductivity (EC), thermal conductivity, density, specific heat and total dissolved solids (TDS) are studied across different zones of SGSP. This study reveals that for a given level of solar insolation, the rate of temperature gain within the lower convective heat zone (LCHZ) is high during the initial stages of operation where the salt diffusion rate is slow. Temperature gain of 16.06° is observed during a month comprising both rainy and sunny days. Within LCHZ, it is found that thermal conductivity, density and specific heat depend strongly on the salinity and their dependence on the temperature is relatively weaker. However, the effect of temperature on these three parameters is observed in the upper convective cold zone (UCCZ). Additionally, in UCCZ and LCHZ, TDS and EC depend on both salinity and temperature. The present observations are proposed to be useful in applications related to solar pond based desalination and energy generation.
Influence of eccentricity ratio on stability performance of hydrodynamic conical journal bearing
Authors: Gangrade A. K. , Phalle V. M. , Mantha S. S. , Siddiquee A. N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to growing need of conical journal bearings for combined axial and radial load application, efforts are being made to explore suitability of various shapes of hydrodynamic conical journal bearings. The combined load carrying ability of conical journal bearings appear as a better option to employ in rotary-machines and added applications. Thus, in this research work, efforts have been made to explore the stability performance of hydrodynamic conical journal bearing by finite element analysis. The bearing performance have been examined for semi-cone angle (γ= 5°, 10°, 20°) and eccentricity ratio (ε) up to 0.6 for rotor speed (v= 2.6, 5.2m/s). Results are presented for axial and radial load capacity, stiffness and damping constants and rotor threshold speed. Load carrying capacity is improved with semicone angles and journal operating speed. Stability performance of bearing as a threshold speed(ω¯th)decreases with increase of semi cone angle. Hence, selection of journal operating speed and semi-cone angle is significant for dynamic stability of conical journal bearing.
An evaluation of tactile frictional behavior of the wooden material
Authors: Jain P , Srivastava A K , Rathore J S , Shrivastava S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Skin tribology and contact mechanics have emerged as a recent topic of research, intended to unveil the behavior of human skin. There have been variegated efforts to calculate the coefficient of friction with respect to various parameters such as sliding speed, normal load, and surface roughness. Wood and other timber products have their importance considering the ergonomically designs that have gained importance nowadays. This article shows the relation between normal load, average sliding speed and coefficient of friction (μ) of various types of woods (Rosewood, Sunmica, Teak wood and Pine wood). An experimental investigation is conducted to understand frictional behavior between human skin and different types of woods. Wooden material has been tested with the normal load having the range of 6.5N to 13N. The variation of μ has been remarked as μrosewood>μpine>μteak>μsunmica. Experimental observation shows that the rosewood has the highest COF which suggests its application where grip and strength of high order are required.With decreasing sliding speed, the relation between normal load and μ become more significant.
Friction and Wear Properties of Si3N4/TiC Ceramic Composite under Nano Lubrication
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Wani M. F. , Sehgal Rakesh , Mushtaq S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present research evaluated the tribological behavior of Silicon Nitride based composite reinforced with 1 wt. % of Titanium Carbide under dry and lubrication conditions. The lubricant base oil used in this study is 85W140; with nanoparticles additives poly tetra flouro ethylene and Copper (PTFE & Cu) Nanoparticles were added in the base oil to review the performance of the nanoparticles as additives. Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted to explore the effects of Nano additive in lubricant for ceramic-ceramic tribo-pair. Results showed that friction and wear decreased using nanoparticle in the lubricant oil, as compared to, dry as well as base lubricant oil conditions. It was reported that 0.1 wt. % of PTFE Nano particles and 0.3 wt. % of Cu Nano particles shows minimum value for the coefficient of friction (COF). Rheological studies were also done on these lubricants samples. The findings from the present work encourage the modification of nanoparticle based lubricant to improve the friction and wear properties and to improve the life of the component.
ASSESEMENT OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON EN-24 STEEL UNDER DRY, WET AND MQL CONDITION USING MULTI COATED INSERTS
Authors: Gupta Shrajal , Chandra Vaibhav , Kumar Praveen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The minimum quantity lubrication is an interesting possibility for an economical and environmentally compatible production, which unifies the functionality of coolants and lubricants with mightily less consumption of lubricants. In this experiment, minimum quantity lubrication setup on turning machine was design and developed for comparison between dry and wet conditions and their effects are considered under different parameters. This setup uses mist/flood formation of lubricants with the help of minimum quantity lubrication. This strategy is used to improve machining of the product surface quality during turning operation. The surface roughness value has been taken as an output response; the surface roughness value of the machined part was evaluated using Talysurf surface roughness tester. The design of experiment was enacted on Taguchi’s orthogonal array L9 to optimize the selected process parameters during turning of EN-24 under different conditions. The Grey relational method was also applied for optimizing purposes. The optimum conditions include a cut 0.6 mm deep, a nose radius of 0.8mm and a cutting speed of 575 rpm and the depth of cut was found out to be most dominant parameter. MQL shows better results in terms of surface roughness as compared to dry and wet conditions.
Evaluating the grinding ratio and surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V under varying grinding pass count and depth of cut
Authors: Raj Rai Bishan , Mukhopadhyay Manish , Kumar Kundu Pranab 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Surface finishing of advanced difficult-to-machine materials through grinding is posing a significant challenge to the manufacturing industries. However, one of these materials, Ti-6Al-4V has a significantly high usage in several cutting-edge sectors. Thus, finding optimum grinding conditions for processing of this material becomes critical. Present article represents an experimental investigation dedicated towards analysing the effects of varying grinding pass counts and infeed values on the surface roughness, hardness, visible surface burns and grinding ratio of Ti-6Al-4V applying alumina wheel. Experiments are performed to reveal the trend of the surface properties and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, ground at 10 μm and 20 μm infeed values with different sets of grinding passes. The results indicate that grinding at 15 pass count under 10 μm and 20 μm infeed values are the ideal set of parameters for the operating ranges considered herein.
Stability Analysis of Dual-rate Haptics Controller Using Two Control Architectures
Authors: Ganiny Suhail , Koul Majid H , Ahmad Babar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Digital implementation of uniform-rate haptics controller limits the range of virtual environment parameters that can be stably implemented, particularly at higher sampling rates. Dual-rate sampling scheme alleviates this limitation and enlarges the range of these parameters that can be stably implemented. In this paper, theoretical stability analysis of the dual-rate haptics controller is presented using two control architectures. Analytical conditions that guarantee the closed-loop stability of the system are developed using linear control theory tools. The stability criteria constrains the virtual environment parameters as a function of the ratio of sampling periods of the controller, and thereby establish limits on the performance of these controllers. The developed criteria can be seen as the generalization of existing criterion available in the literature.
Finite Element Modelling of Cutting Forces in Face Milling of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205
Authors: Sambedana Soumya , Jagadeesha T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Duplex Stainless Steels are one of the newest pioneers in the world of super alloys. They exhibit a unique combination of high strength and corrosion resistance and hence are currently giving a strong competition to other nickel based alloys and titanium alloys. Due to the excessive alloying of DSSs, they have a very poor machinability, as result of which the cutting forces associated with machining is very high. In this work, a 3D Finite Element Modelling of cutting forces in milling of DSS 2205 has been developed using FEM software package ABAQUS Oblique cutting has been used so that inaccuracies due to the assumptions in orthogonal machining are avoided. The developed FEM model has been validated experimentally by conduction a series of milling tests. The model results showed close agreement with the experimental results and the forces values were found to be affected most by feed rate. As feed rate per tooth increases, the forces components were also found to be increasing both for experimental and model values.
Knee torque estimation in sit to stand transfer
Authors: Bhardwaj S , Khan A A , Muzammil M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Multi-body formulations of human body has been a major approach in biomechanics to study the kinematics and dynamics of human movements. This paper discuss an inverse dynamics model of human body for the estimation of knee torque requirement during a sit to stand (STS) transfer. The study was carried out in two parts. In the first part of the study, angular deviations of trunk and knee were recorded in the sagittal plane, while one participant performed STS transfer. In the second part of the study, a five segment human model was designed in SolidWorks and later analysed in MSC/ADAMS for computation of knee torque in STS transfer. The maximum knee torque was found to be 1.34 Nm/kg at 59.2° knee extension.
Mechanical suitability of carbon fiber based composite for chopart prosthetic socket
Authors: Abdulsadah F H , Murtaza Q , Hasan F , Bhardwaj S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Material selection has important role in the design of prosthetics. Presently, polyethylene (PE) has been majorly used in the manufacture of chopart prosthetic socket due to it mouldability and low cost, but suffers from large weight to strength ratio. In the present study, carbon fiber composite (CF) is compared with PE for its usability in chopart prosthetic sockets. 3 perlon layers-2 carbon fiber layer-3 perlon layers (3P-2C-3P) lamination was developed and tested for the mechanical properties. Later, the tested mechanical properties of PE and CF were used in finite element modelling to analyze stresses and deformation in the Chopart prosthetic socket. The study showed that use of CF in chopart prosthetic sockets reduces stress by 70.6% as compared to PE, and could be suggested as mechanically superior material in design of chopart prosthetic socket compared to PE.
Multi-Optimization of Process parameters for Inconel 718 While Die-Sink EDM Using Multi-Criterion Decision Making Methods
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Prakash Misra Joy , Singhal Piyush 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to apply Multi-criterion Decision Making methods in manufacturing specially in machining using EDM and to obtain an optimal setting of process parameters resulting in an optimal value of the material removal rate and tool wear rate while EDM for Inconel 718 using copper cadmium as electrode Taguchi L9 array has been used to design the experiments, the results are further analyzed using Multi-criterion Decision Making techniques named Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution TOPSIS and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to investigate the multi-optimization of response characteristics for Inconel 718.
Experimental investigation of an ejector refrigeration system using R-134a
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sachdeva Gulshan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the performance of ejector refrigeration system is investigated using R-134a as working fluid. Six ejectors of different geometries are used to experimentally evaluate the coefficient of performance, cooling capacity, pressure lift and critical condenser pressure for fixed generator and evaporator temperature, while varying the condenser temperature. It is observed that an optimum area ratio of the ejector is required to obtain better performance and is found that a higher value of area ratio gives maximum COP for the specified conditions but for a lower value of critical condenser pressure. The critical condenser pressure for the ejector of area ratio 10.08 comes out to be 778.9 kPa whereas it is 916.72 kPa for the ejector of area ratio 6.451 while working at generator and evaporator temperature of 80 °C and 15 °C respectively. Further, the ejector having a shorter length of constant area section is found to excel. It is also concluded that for lower evaporator pressure, higher pressure lift is obtained from the same ejector.
Soil degradation determines release of nitrous oxide and dissolved organic carbon from peatlands
Authors: Liu H , Zak D , Rezanezhad F , Lennartz B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) release from peatlands are closely related to water management and soil degradation. However, peat degradation has not been explicitly accounted for when estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Here, we assembled a comprehensive dataset covering European, Russian and Canadian peatlands and introduced soil bulk density (BD) as a proxy for peat degradation to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release. The results show that physical and biogeochemical properties of peat are sensitive to soil degradation. The BD is superior to other parameters (C/N, pH) to estimate annual N2O emissions and DOC pore water concentrations. The more a peat soil is degraded, the higher the risk of air/water pollution in peaty landscapes. Even after rewetting, highly degraded soils may exhibit high N2O release rates. The estimated annual N2O–N emissions from European, Russian and Canadian degraded peatlands sum up to approximately 81.0 Gg. The derived BD-based functions can assist in computing global matter fluxes from peatlands.
A global decarbonisation bond
Authors: Leiss William 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The 2018 IPCC Special Report, Global Warming of
1.5
°C, calls attention to the inadequacy of ‘the current nationally stated mitigation ambitions as submitted under the Paris Agreement’ to control global warming within acceptable parameters. A strategy of decarbonisation is urgently required in this context, and where that strategy is most needed is in developing countries, which are, however, constrained by a shortage of capital to carry it out. This paper proposes that developed countries implement their promised $100 billion annual assistance to developing nations by issuing, by 2023, a $2.5 trillion Global Decarbonization Bond that will front-load the provision of appropriate technologies for this purpose.
Egg production and quality of local female chicken by dietary self-selection reared under semi-scavenging system in the tropics
Authors: Syafwan  , Noferdiman  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The feeding standard for local chicken breeds in Indonesia has not been published yet. The present study were aimed to measure egg production and quality while estimating the ME and CP needs during production for local female chickens reared under semi-scavenging system in the tropics (Indonesia) through dietary self-selection. A total of 138 twenty two week-old chicks were randomly distributed into 12 sheltered pens, 10-14 birds each. Two feeding methods (control and self-selection) were assigned to pens, so each treatment consisted of 6 replicates. The control group received a control diet complying with the Hy-line Brown Nutrient Requirements Standard, whereas the self-selection group had access to the control and four other diets (high energy-high protein, low protein-high energy, high protein-low energy, and low protein-low energy diet). Feeds and drinking water were provided ad libitum to 53 weeks of age. Feed consumption (FC), CP intake, ME intake, concentration of dietary CP and ME and egg production were recorded weekly. Egg quality was measured three times. Daily temperature and relative humidity in the morning (07:00), noon (12:00), and afternoon (17:00) were 21.8 to 28.1°C and 46 to 88%; 24.7 to 34.5°C and 35 to 72%; and 23.5 to 34.5°C and 36 to 80%, respectively. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS, but egg quality was analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that feeding method had apparent effect on CP intake (P=0.018) and ME intake, dietary concentration of CP and ME, egg production (P<0.001) but not on FC. The effect of week and feeding method by week interaction were also very significant for all performance, except egg production was not affected with feeding method by week interaction. Weekly CP and ME intake of the self-selection group were greater than those of the control (105.8 vs. 101.3 g/bird; P=0.018 and 1,709 vs. 1,575 kcal/bird; (P<0.001), respectively). Dietary concentrations of CP and ME in the self-selection group was higher (P<0.001) than those in the control group (189.3 vs. 180.7 g/kg and 3,053 vs. 2,810 kcal/kg, respectively). Egg production of the self-selection group was higher (P<0.001) than those of the control (60.5% vs. 55%). Over all, egg quality (eggshell thickness, shell strength, shell weight, egg weight, Hmm, color, compare, HU, and yolk weight) was similar, except color and compare were higher in choice-fed birds when they grew older. Local female chickens were able to select diets to adjust their nutrient requirements by selecting more of an energy-rich diet and less of a protein-rich diet. CP and ME requirement by local female chickens were more likely greater than the current formulated for them in order to increase egg production.
Physicochemical properties and total plate count of raw salted eggs with blanching and different concentration of aloe vera solution during the salting process
Authors: Novia D , Juliyarsi I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Salted egg is a typical popular snack in some societies in Indonesia. However, it contains high NaCl and cholesterol. One way to cope with it is by utilizing aloe vera which has the chemical composition of a complete and well-known traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties and the bacterial colonies forming raw salted eggs with different temperature and concentration of aloe solution for 5 days salting process. This study used 2×3 factorial design with three replications, factor A (without blanching and blanching) and factor B concentration of aloe vera solution (2, 8 and 14%). According to the research, there was an interaction between the process of the different heating and concentrations on NaCl, yolk and albumen pH, cholesterol and total plate count raw salted eggs were produced. The heating process of aloe vera increases the content of NaCl, albumin pH, cholesterol and bacterial colonies formed. Treatment with blanching at 14% concentration effectively produced lowest moisture content, yolk pH, cholesterol, and highest ash content, NaCl content, Albumen pH, total solids and total plate count the best raw salted eggs.
Vibration Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of Trawler Propulsion Shafting System
Authors: Sial T R , Jin Y , Juan Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The propulsion shafting system enables power delivery from the main engine to the propeller and plays a vital role in promoting the motion of the ship. The increase in demand for trawlers in coastal areas has led to the increase in the need for an improvement in its performance. Therefore, while trawling at sea, vibration characteristics are essential in analyzing for the safe and efficient functioning of the propulsion shafting of trawler ship. The primary objective of this paper is to model, analyze and reduce the vibration characteristics of trawler propulsion shafting. A computational model has been modeled and analyzed by Modal Analysis using Finite Element Method, focusing on the Lateral Vibrations. The natural frequencies, mode shapes, and the maximum deformation with affected zones of trawler propulsion shafting are evaluated. The attempt has been made to reduce the vibration characteristics of trawler propulsion shafting by the optimization process considering the design parameters whereby, it comes in the acceptable range for normal operation. The results of analysis and optimization have been computed and discussed.
A New Type of Energy Absorbing Structural Component: Spiral Thin-Walled Tube
Authors: Zuo Qiyang , Zhang Feifei , He Kai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Various thin-walled (TW) tubular components have been widely applied to absorb impact energy due to their sound crashworthiness and long stroke. This paper presents a novel spiral TW tubular component used for absorbing energy. The presented TW structural component is easily prepared and cost-effective because it can be handily manufactured by sheet metal rolling. Its geometry structure on cross section is spiral so it is called spiral TW tube in this work, which was studied by formulation method. Furthermore, its dynamic crushing and energy absorbing characteristics under impact loading was investigated by means of simulation analysis. The analysis result shows that the presented spiral TW tube has a superior energy absorbing performance and is promising used in passive safety area.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Cutting Tools Based on Support Vector Regression
Authors: Liu Y C , Hu X F , Sun S X 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of cutting tools is critical to effective condition based maintenance for reducing downtime, ensuring quality and avoiding accidents. In this paper, a RUL prognostic method based on support vector regression (SVR) is proposed for predicting cutting tool’s life. The proposed method consists of two main phases: an off-line phase and an on-line phase. In the first phase, the signal features are extracted from raw data, and then the SVR models with considering different length of signals at past times are established to reflect the relationship between monitoring data and tool life. In the second phase, the constructed models are used to predict cutting tool’s RUL, and the best signal length for accurate prediction result is obtained. The proposed method is applied on experimental data taken from a computer numerical control (CNC) rotor slot machine in a factory. The result shows the validity and practicability of this method.