bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrochronology of oxidized granulites from southern Peru
Authors: Yakymchuk Chris , Rehm Adrian , Liao Zhuoheng , Cottle John M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSapphirine–quartz granulites from the Cocachacra region of the Arequipa Massif in southern Peru record early Neoproterozoic ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Phase equilibrium modelling and zircon petrochronology are used to quantify timing and pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of metamorphism. Modelling of three magnetite‐bearing sapphirine–quartz samples indicates peak temperatures of >950°C at ~0.7 GPa and a clockwise P–T evolution. Elevated concentrations of Al in orthopyroxene are also consistent with ultrahigh‐temperature conditions. Neoblastic zircon records ages of c. 1.0–0.9 Ga that are interpreted to record protracted ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Th/U ratios of zircon of up to 100 reflect U‐depleted whole‐rock compositions. Concentrations of heavy rare earth elements in zircon do not show systematic trends with U–Pb age but do correlate with variable whole‐rock compositions. Very large positive Ce anomalies in zircon from two samples probably relate to strongly oxidizing conditions during neoblastic zircon crystallization. Low concentrations of Ti‐in‐zircon (<10 ppm) are interpreted to result from reduced titania activities due to the strongly oxidized nature of the granulites and the sequestration of titanium‐rich minerals away from the reaction volume. Whole‐rock compositions and oxidation state have a strong influence on the trace element composition of metamorphic zircon, which has implications for interpreting the geological significance of ages retrieved from zircon in oxidized metamorphic rocks.
S-nitrosoglutathione protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4–nuclear factor-κB signal pathway
Authors: Fan Heng , Zhao Yu , Zhu Jian-Hua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNG) on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods
We established an AKI model by intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice and LPS-induced human kidney (HK-2) cells in vitro. We obtained the kidney tissues from mice for histopathological examination, examined inflammatory cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and measured the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4–nuclear factor-κB (TLR4–NF-κB) signal pathway-related proteins by Western blotting.

Key findings
Pretreatment of SNG effectively improved the kidney function, reduced the pathological damage score of kidney in mice and decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment of SNG also repressed TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB IκBα, IKKβ and p65 expression levels in HK-2 cells induced by LPS.

Conclusions
S-nitrosoglutathione attenuates the severity of LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting the TLR4–NF-κB signalling pathway and may act as a protective agent for septic AKI.
Discovery of the extracytoplasmic function σ factors
Authors: Lonetto Michael A. , Donohue Timothy J. , Gross Carol A. , Buttner Mark J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis special issue of Molecular Microbiology marks the 25th anniversary of the discovery of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, proteins that subsequently emerged as the largest group of alternative σ factors and one of the three major pillars of signal transduction in bacteria, alongside one‐ and two‐component systems. A single bacterial genome can encode > 100 ECF σ factors, and combined with their cognate anti‐σ factors, they represent a modular design that primarily functions in transmembrane signal transduction. Here, we first describe the immediate events that led to the 1994 publication in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA, and then set them in the broader context of key events in the history of σ biology research.
Beyond the A‐layer: adsorption of lipopolysaccharides and characterization of bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida
Authors: Paquet Valérie E. , Vincent Antony T. , Moineau Sylvain , Charette Steve J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen that causes furunculosis. Antibiotherapy used to treat furunculosis in fish has led to resistance. Virulent phages are increasingly seen as alternatives or complementary treatments against furunculosis in aquaculture environments. For phage therapy to be successful, it is essential to study the natural mechanisms of phage resistance in A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Here, we generated bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants (BIMs) of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, using a myophage with broad host range and characterized them. Phage plaques were different depending on whether the A‐layer surface array protein was expressed or not. The genome analysis of the BIMs helped to identify mutations in genes involved in the biogenesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and on an uncharacterized gene (ASA_1998). The characterization of the LPS profile and gene complementation assays identified LPS as a phage receptor and confirmed the involvement of the uncharacterized protein ASA_1998 in phage infection. In addition, we confirmed that the presence of an A‐layer at the bacterial surface could act as protection against phages. This study brings new elements into our understanding of the phage adsorption to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida cells.
A complete genome sequence for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi PP1 highlights the importance of multiple modes of horizontal gene transfer during phytopathogen evolution
Authors: Baltrus David A. , Clark Meara 
Published: May 2019

SummaryHybrid assembly strategies that combine long‐read sequencing reads from Oxford Nanopore's MinION device combined with high‐depth Illumina paired‐end reads have enabled completion and circularization of both plasmids and chromosomes from multiple bacterial strains. Here we demonstrate the utility of supplementing Illumina paired‐end reads from a previously published draft genome of P. syringae pv. pisi PP1 with long reads to generate a complete genome sequence for this strain. The phylogenetic placement and genomic repertoire of virulence factors within this strain provides a unique perspective on virulence evolution within P. syringae phylogroup 2, and highlights that strains can rapidly acquire virulence factors through horizontal gene transfer by acquisition of plasmids as well as through chromosomal recombination.
One step forward? Advances and setbacks on the path toward gender equality in families and work
Authors: Thébaud Sarah , Halcomb Laura 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMen and women increasingly express egalitarian preferences for organizing family life, but workplace norms and practices are still based on relatively traditional assumptions about the gender division of labor in families. In this article, we unpack this discordant feature of the cultural landscape with recent sociological research on gender, work, and family. We begin by discussing the growing body of evidence on preferences for gender–egalitarian relationships and specify how these egalitarian desires are incongruous with workplace norms and practices. Such a mismatch between desires and reality tends to produce negative personal and career outcomes, including work–family conflict, stress, and job and marital dissatisfaction. Then, we offer a critical review of the recent actions taken by some employers and policymakers to address this issue. We observe some progressive changes in both the public and private sector in regard to family leave policies, flexible work arrangements, childcare support, and fertility benefits, but these policy initiatives still fall short of supporting gender–egalitarian arrangements for working families. We conclude with a discussion of how researchers could better evaluate and increase the effectiveness of workplace initiatives.
Synthetic osteochondral resurfacing for treatment of large caudocentral osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the humeral head in 24 dogs
Authors: Murphy Susan C. , Egan Padraig M. , Fitzpatrick Noel M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcome of dogs with large, caudocentral, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the humeral head treated with synthetic osteochondral resurfacing (SOR) implants.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsTwenty‐four client‐owned large breed or giant dogs.MethodsThe medical records of all dogs treated with first generation (G1) and second generation (G2) SOR implants were reviewed. All dogs were assessed with clinical examination and imaging 12 weeks after surgery. Assessment of outcome was based on subjective assessment of lameness, scoring of postoperative radiographs, and the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire.ResultsOsteochondral resurfacing was performed with a G1 implant in 13 dogs (15 shoulders) and a G2 implant in 11 dogs (13 shoulders). Lameness resolved in all dogs treated with G1 implants and in 10 dogs treated with G2 implants by 12 weeks after surgery. One dog treated with a G2 implant was found to have an implant‐associated infection, requiring implant removal. No recurrence of lameness was reported in 9 limbs treated with G1 implants and 10 limbs treated with G2 implants that were available for clinical review at a median time of 387 and 365 days, respectively, after surgery. Mean postoperative LOAD scores were 4.2 of 52 and 5.2 of 52 in dogs treated with a G1 or a G2 implant, respectively.ConclusionSynthetic resurfacing was technically feasible in all joints of this study and resulted in good clinical results.Clinical significanceThe use of SOR implants seems viable to treat large caudocentral OCD lesions of the humeral head in dogs and warrants prospective comparison with conventional arthroscopic treatment.
Two-Dimensional Electro-Elastic Analysis of FG-CNTRC Cylindrical Laminated Pressure Vessels With Piezoelectric Layers Based on Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Arefi Mohammad , Ahmadi Sara Amir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the electro-elastic static behavior of cylindrical sandwich pressure vessels integrated with piezoelectric layers. The core is made of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC). The cylinder is embedded between two piezoelectric layers made of PZT-4. The effective material properties of reinforced core with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are calculated based on rule of mixture. The constitutive relations are developed in cylindrical coordinate system based on a higher-order shear deformation theory for both core and piezoelectric layers. The employed higher-order theory is based on third-order variation of deformations along the thickness direction to improve the accuracy of numerical results. The method of eigenvalue–eigenvector is used for solution of system of governing equations along the longitudinal direction. The numerical results are provided along the longitudinal and radial directions in terms of significant parameters such as various patterns of CNTs, various volume fractions of CNTs, various elastic foundation coefficients, and various applied electrical potentials.
Sequence stratigraphy and depositional history of the Baranof Fan: Insights for Cordilleran Ice Sheet outflow to the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Gulick Sean P.S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Baranof Fan is one of three large Alaska deep-sea fans that preserve sedimentary records reflecting both tectonic and climatic processes. However, lack of drill sites in the Baranof Fan makes the depositional history across the southeastern Alaska margin still poorly understood. Sequence correlation from the adjacent Surveyor Fan to the Baranof Fan provides updated age constraints on the Baranof Fan evolution history. Results show that both the Baranof and Surveyor Fans are dominantly glacial and initiated ca. 2.8 Ma and expanded rapidly since ca. 1.2 Ma in response to the major glaciation events; these results place the deposition of the Baranof Fan younger than previously thought (ca. 7 Ma). The glacially influenced Baranof Fan contains two sub-fans that are laterally stacked with their depocenters migrating southeastward. Each sub-fan developed multiple channels that young southeastward as channel avulsion, coevolution, and tectonic beheading progressed over the past ∼2.8 m.y. Tectonic reconstruction suggests that the Baranof Fan is sourced from the Coast Range via shelf-crossing troughs near the Chatham Strait and Dixon Entrance and thus represents a major outflow for the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during glaciations; the Chatham Strait is the major conduit that has fed most of the Baranof Fan channels. Comparatively, the Surveyor Fan is sourced predominantly from the St. Elias Range where a confluence of orogenesis and glaciations are a coupled system and only partly from the Coast Range via the Icy Strait. It is concluded that the formation and expansion of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet has determined the timing of the Baranof Fan deposition, yet Pacific–North America strike-slip motion has influenced the Baranof Fan sediment distribution, as previously suggested, via a series of southeastward avulsing channels and resultant southeastward migration of deep-sea depocenters.
Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants
Authors: Befus Kenneth S. , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHollow reentrants in quartz phenocrysts from Yellowstone (western United States) caldera’s Lava Creek Tuff are preserved vestiges of bubbles in the supereruption’s pre-eruptive magma reservoir. We characterized the reentrants using a combination of petrographic techniques, synchrotron X-ray microtomography, and cathodoluminescence imagery. One or more reentrants occur in ∼20% of quartz, and up to ∼90% of those reentrants are hollow. The earliest-erupted parts of the Lava Creek Tuff have the most empty reentrants. The hollow reentrants provide direct, physical evidence for volatile saturation, exsolution, and retention in a magma reservoir. Quartz-melt surface tension permits bubbles to attach to quartz only when bubbles have been able to nucleate and grow in the melt. Prior to eruption, the Lava Creek Tuff existed as a bubbly, volatile-saturated magma reservoir. The exsolved volatiles increased magma compressibility, helping to prevent the ever-accumulating magma from reaching a critical, eruptive overpressure until it reached a tremendous volume.
Natural fracture propping and earthquake-induced oil migration in fractured basement reservoirs
Authors: Holdsworth R.E. , McCaffrey K.J.W. , Dempsey E. , Roberts N.M.W. , Hardman K. , Morton A. , Feely M. , Hunt J. , Conway A. , Robertson A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The geological processes that create fluid storage capacity and connectivity in global fractured basement reservoirs are poorly understood compared to conventional hydrocarbon plays. Hosting potentially multibillion barrels of oil, the upfaulted Precambrian basement of the Rona Ridge, offshore west of Shetland, UK, gives key insights into how such reservoirs form. Oil presence is everywhere associated with sub-millimeter- to meter-thickness mineralized fracture systems cutting both basement and local preseal cover sequences. Mineral textures and fluid inclusion geothermometry suggest a low-temperature (90–220 °C), near-surface hydrothermal system, as does the preservation of clastic sediments in the same fractures. These fills act as permanent props holding fractures open, forming long-term fissures in the basement that permit oil ingress and storage. Calcite-fill U-Pb dating constrains the onset of mineralization and contemporaneous oil charge to the Late Cretaceous. The additional preservation of oil-stained injected sediment slurries and silica gels along basement faults suggests that rift-related seismogenic faulting initiated lateral oil migration from Jurassic source rocks into the adjacent upfaulted ridge. Subsidence below sea level in the latest Cretaceous sealed the ridge with shales, and buoyancy-driven migration of oil into the preexisting propped fracture systems continued long after the cessation of rifting. These new observations provide an explanation for the viability of sub-unconformity fractured basement reservoirs worldwide, and have wider implications for subsurface fluid migration processes generally.
Autologous limbal stem cell transplantation: a systematic review of clinical outcomes with different surgical techniques
Authors: Shanbhag Swapna S , Nikpoor Neda , Rao Donthineni Pragnya , Singh Vivek , Chodosh James , Basu Sayan 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo conduct a systematic review on outcomes of three different techniques of autologous limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT): conjunctival-limbal autografting (CLAu), cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) and simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET), in unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register. Standard systematic review methodology was followed using Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Studies with a sample size of more than 10 eyes were included. The primary outcome measure of efficacy was restoration of a completely epithelised, stable and avascular corneal surface (anatomical success). The secondary outcome measure of efficacy was improvement in best-corrected visual acuity of two-lines or greater (functional success).ResultsThe review identified 22 non-comparative case series, which included 1023 eyes. Ocular burns were the major (88%) indication for surgery. Overall, at a median postoperative follow-up of 1.75 years, autologous LSCT for unilateral LSCD showed anatomical and functional success rates of 69% and 60%, respectively, without any serious adverse events in the donor eye. The follow-up duration and indications for surgery were comparable across all groups (p>0.05). The anatomical and functional success rates of SLET (78%; 68.6%) and CLAu (81%; 74.4%) were comparable, and significantly better than those of CLET (61.4%; 53%; p=0.0048).ConclusionAutologous LSCT is a safe and effective treatment for unilateral LSCD. In the absence of randomised controlled trials, existing evidence clearly suggests that clinical outcomes are better with SLET and CLAu as compared with CLET.
How are we measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the four home nations of the UK? A narrative review of current surveillance measures and future directions
Authors: Strain Tessa , Milton Karen , Dall Philippa , Standage Martyn , Mutrie Nanette 
Published: May 2019

Background/objectivesTo explore and describe the comparability between the surveys of the UK home nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales) that monitor compliance with the Chief Medical Officers’ physical activity (PA) recommendations. We also suggest ways to improve the UK national PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) surveillance systems.MethodsWe identified national surveys that monitor PA and SB through searching UK-wide and devolved administration websites, the Global Observatory for Physical Activity Country Cards and the Active Healthy Kids Report Cards. Subsequently, we extracted information from survey documentation on the survey commissioners and contractors, method of administration, current questionnaire details relevant to the PA recommendations, questionnaire changes over the previous decade and the most recent prevalence figures.ResultsFor adults and older adults, five surveys assess the moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendation, three assess muscle strengthening and three assess SB. For older adults only, three assess balance and co-ordination. For children, seven assess MVPA, none assess muscle strengthening and five assess SB. Only one survey reports on the under 5 PA recommendation. There is no part of the recommendations for which comparable estimates can be calculated across all four home nations. The greatest variation is among the SB questions and reporting. No survey has regularly used device-based measures.ConclusionUK surveillance of the PA recommendations is complex, undertaken separately in the home nations, using multiple surveys that cover adults and children separately. We recommend that the costs and benefits of harmonising the existing questionnaires are considered, along with the potential introduction of device-based measures.
High rate of hypertension control among treated patients attending a teaching primary healthcare centre in Jordan
Authors: Beni Yonis Othman , Khader Yousef , Okour Abdulhakeem , Al Omari Mousa , Al Quran Thekraiat , Khassawneh Adi , Al-Mashikhi Baha , Shawkat Mohamid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the hypertension control rate and its associated factors among treated patients attending a teaching primary healthcare centre in Jordan.Study designWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 286 patients with HTN, treated with medications, who attended Jordan University of Science and Technology primary healthcare centre in Irbid, Jordan, from July through September 2018. Data were abstracted from the patient’s medical records and personal interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine independent factors associated with hypertension control.ResultsBlood pressure control rate was 90.9% and was significantly higher among patients who were married (p=0.02), with higher income level (p&lt;0.01), non-smokers (p=0.01), free of diabetes mellitus or dyslipidaemia (p=0.048), highly consuming fruits and vegetables (p&lt;0.01), non-obese (p&lt;0.01), adherent to blood pressure medications (p=0.02) and among patients on lower number of antihypertensive medications (p=0.01). Multivariate analysis with adjusted OR of factors associated with hypertension control were higher fruit and vegetable intake (p&lt;0.01), higher income level (p=0.02) and medication adherence (p&lt;0.01).ConclusionParticipants in this study achieved a relatively high rate of blood pressure control. Associated factors with this rate were higher fruit and vegetable intake, higher income level and medication adherence. For better hypertension control, patients should be advised to adhere to their medications and consume more fruits and vegetables besides other lifestyle changes.