bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Modal NIR‐Fluorophore Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle for Imaging Amyloid‐β Species In Vivo
Authors: Li Yinhui , Xu Di , Chan Hei‐Nga , Poon Chung‐Yan , Ho See‐Lok , Li Hung‐Wing , Wong Man Shing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSenile plaques, the extracellular deposit of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, are one of the neuropathological hallmarks found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The current method of brain imaging of amyloid plaques based on positron emission tomography (PET) is expensive and invasive with low spatial resolution. Thus, the development of sensitive and nonradiative amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐specific contrast agents is highly important and beneficial to achieve early AD detection, monitor the disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of potential AD drugs. Here a neuroprotective dual‐modal nanoprobe developed by integrating highly Aβ‐specific and turn‐on fluorescence cyanine sensors with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as an effective near‐infrared imaging (NIRI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for imaging of Aβ species in vivo is reported. This Aβ‐specific probe is found not only nontoxic and noninvasive, but also highly blood brain barrier permeable. It also shows a potent neuroprotective effect against Aβ‐induced toxicities. This nanoprobe is successfully applied for in vivo fluorescence imaging with high sensitivity and selectivity to Aβ species, and MRI with high spatial resolution in an APP/PS1 transgenic mice model. Its potential as a powerful in vivo dual‐modal imaging tool for early detection and diagnosis of AD in humans is affirmed.
Green Formation of Robust Supraparticles for Cargo Protection and Hazards Control in Natural Environments
Authors: Mattos Bruno D. , Greca Luiz G. , Tardy Blaise L. , Magalhães Washington L. E. , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn parallel with important technological advances, nanoparticles have brought numerous environmental and toxicological challenges due to their high mobility and nonspecific surface activity. The hazards associated with nanoparticles can be significantly reduced while simultaneously keeping their inherent benefits by superstructuring. In this study, a low‐temperature and versatile methodology is employed to structure nanoparticles into controlled morphologies from biogenic silica, used as a main building block, together with cellulose nanofibrils, which promote cohesion. The resultant superstructures are evaluated for cargo loading/unloading of a model, green biomolecule (thymol), and for photo‐accessibility and mobility in soil. The bio‐based superstructures resist extremely high mechanical loading without catastrophic failure, even after severe chemical and heat treatments. Additionally, the process allows pre and in situ loading, and reutilization, achieving remarkable dynamic payloads as high as 90 mg g−1. The proposed new and facile methodology is expected to offer a wide range of opportunities for the application of superstructures in sensitive and natural environments.
A comprehensive model for code readability
Authors: Scalabrino Simone , Linares‐Vásquez Mario , Oliveto Rocco , Poshyvanyk Denys 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnreadable code could compromise program comprehension, and it could cause the introduction of bugs. Code consists of mostly natural language text, both in identifiers and comments, and it is a particular form of text. Nevertheless, the models proposed to estimate code readability take into account only structural aspects and visual nuances of source code, such as line length and alignment of characters. In this paper, we extend our previous work in which we use textual features to improve code readability models. We introduce 2 new textual features, and we reassess the readability prediction power of readability models on more than 600 code snippets manually evaluated, in terms of readability, by 5K+ people. We also replicate a study by Buse and Weimer on the correlation between readability and FindBugs warnings, evaluating different models on 20 software systems, for a total of 3M lines of code. The results demonstrate that (1) textual features complement other features and (2) a model containing all the features achieves a significantly higher accuracy as compared with all the other state‐of‐the‐art models. Also, readability estimation resulting from a more accurate model, ie, the combined model, is able to predict more accurately FindBugs warnings.
Reprogramming Halomonas for industrial production of chemicals
Authors: Chen Xiangbin , Yu Linping , Qiao Guanqing , Chen Guo-Qiang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Halomonas spp. are able to grow under a high salt concentration at alkali pH, they are able to resist contamination by other microbes. Development of Halomonas spp. as platform production strains for the next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) is intensively studied. Among Halomonas spp., Halomonas bluephagenesis is the best studied one with available engineering tools and methods to reprogram it for production of various polyhydroxyalkanoates, proteins, and chemicals. Due to its contamination resistance, H. bluephagenesis can be grown under open and continuous processes not just in the labs but also in at least 1000 L fermentor scale. It is expected that NGIB based on Halomonas spp. be able to engineer for production of increasing number of products in a competitive manner.
Two metaheuristic approaches for solving the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem
Authors: Yahyaoui Hiba , Kaabachi Islem , Krichen Saoussen , Dekdouk Abdulkader 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We address in this paper a multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) that aims to plan the delivery of different products to a set of geographically dispatched customers. The MCVRP is encountered in many industries, our research has been motivated by petrol station replenishment problem. The main objective of the delivery process is to minimize the total driving distance by the used trucks.
The problem configuration is described through a prefixed set of trucks with several compartments and a set of customers with demands and prefixed delivery. Given such inputs, the minimization of the total traveled distance is subject to assignment and routing constraints that express the capacity limitations of each truck’s compartment in terms of the pathways’ restrictions. For the NP-hardness of the problem, we propose in this paper two algorithms mainly for large problem instances: an adaptive variable neighborhood search (AVNS) and a Partially Matched Crossover PMX-based Genetic Algorithm to solve this problem with the goal of ensuring a better solution quality. We compare the ability of the proposed AVNS with the exact solution using CPLEX and a set of benchmark problem instances is used to analyze the performance of the both proposed meta-heuristics.
Profit Model of Metro Enterprises and Quasi-Market Based Practice of Shenzhen Metro
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liao Rebekah 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The need to financially support metro enterprises stems from the amplified global enthusiasm for sustainable modes of transport. This paper analyzes the formulation and practice of the profit model based on quasi-marketing initiated within Shenzhen Metro in China. In contrast to previous studies based on a single theory, this paper employs an integrated approach in optimizing gains. Metro enterprises have peculiar attributes such as supply of quasi-public service products, positive externalities, heavy assets, low profit, economy of scale, and economy of scope. Therefore, in order to effectuate sustainable growth, the author has put forward three methods for the profit model based on the quasi-market principle: firstly, generate internal gains of positive externalities through the enterprise’s market operation on government-allocated resources; secondly, balance cost and income by modifying the accounting policies on fixed assets depreciation and financing interest; and lastly, maximize economy of scope by enhancing synergy between different business segments and sub-businesses of the same segment in the enterprise. In practice, these methods are carried out in Shenzhen Metro with innovative methods that comprise “metro plus property”, “member plus fund” and “entity plus virtual”. This study concludes that the advantages of quasi-marketing include the optimization of resources and the success in overcoming the financial restraints in metro enterprises. Through the high applicability in Shenzhen Metro, it is shown that this quasi-market principle-based profit model could enable metro enterprises to achieve self-development and sustainability.
Better prognostic accuracy in younger mild cognitive impairment patients with more years of education
Authors: Göthlin Mattias , Eckerström Marie , Rolstad Sindre , Kettunen Petronella , Wallin Anders 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionAge and years of education influence the risk of dementia and may impact the prognostic accuracy of mild cognitive impairment subtypes.MethodsMemory clinic patients without dementia (N = 358, age 64.0 ± 7.9) were stratified into four groups based on years of age (≤64 and ≥65) and education (≤12 and ≥13), examined with a neuropsychological test battery at baseline and followed up after 2 years.ResultsThe prognostic accuracy of amnestic multi‐domain mild cognitive impairment for dementia was highest in younger patients with more years of education and lowest in older patients with fewer years of education. Conversely, conversion rates to dementia were lowest in younger patients with more years of education and highest in older patients with fewer years of education.DiscussionMild cognitive impairment subtypes and demographic information should be combined to increase the accuracy of prognoses for dementia.
Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) reduces false memories in depression. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Schneider Brooke C. , Peth Judith , Arlt Sönke , Jelinek Lena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) is a highly standardized group program targeted at depression-related (“Beckian”) emotional as well as cognitive biases, including mood-congruent and false memory. While prior results are promising with respect to psychopathological outcomes (depression), it is unclear whether D-MCT also meets its goal of improving cognitive biases, such as false memories.In the framework of a randomized controlled trial (registered trial, DRKS00007907), we investigated whether D-MCT is superior to an active control condition (health training, HT) in reducing the susceptibility of depressed patients for false memories. False memories were examined using parallel versions of a visual variant of the Deese-Roediger McDermott paradigm.Both groups committed less false memories at post assessment after 4 weeks compared to baseline. Relative to HT, D-MCT led to a significant decrease in high-confident false memories over time.The study presents first evidence that D-MCT decreases the susceptibility of depressed patients for false memories, particularly for errors made with high confidence that are presumably the most “toxic” in terms of mood-congruent memory distortions.
Political Activism and Other Life Forms in Colonial Buganda
Authors: Earle Jonathon L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:This article uses recently unearthed private papers and ethnographic fieldwork to explore the intersection of political practice and environmental ideation in colonial Buganda. In the early to mid-1900s, colonial administrators sought to draw Ganda interlocutors into abstract conversations about a natural world that was devoid of political power. Through Witchcraft Ordinances, imperial administrators sought to distance spirits, rocks, trees, snakes, and other life forms from the concrete world of social movement and dissent. But in late colonial Uganda, the trade unionist Erieza Bwete and the influential spirit prophet Kibuuka Kigaanira navigated environmental spaces that were imbued with political significance. Uganda’s economic and national histories, informed by methodologies that privileged philosophical materialism, overlooked how interactions with multispecies animated anticolonial politics and larger debates about authority. To challenge these earlier assumptions, this article shows how colonial literati and a late colonial prophet interacted with a natural world that was deeply political to conceptualize independence and challenge colonial power.
Frequency–wavenumber spectral analysis of spatio-temporal flows
Authors: Geoga Christopher J. , Haley Charlotte L. , Siegel Andrew R. , Anitescu Mihai 
Published: June 2018

We propose a fully spatio-temporal approach for identifying spatially varying modes of oscillation in fluid dynamics simulation output by means of multitaper frequency–wavenumber spectral analysis. One-dimensional spectrum estimation has proven to be a valuable tool in the analysis of turbulence data applied spatially to determine the rate of energy transport between spatial scales, or temporally to determine frequencies of oscillatory flows. It also allows for the quantitative comparison of flow characteristics between two scenarios using a standard basis. It has the limitation, however, that it neglects coupling between spatial and temporal structures. Two-dimensional frequency–wavenumber spectral analysis allows one to decompose waveforms into standing or travelling variety. The extended higher-dimensional multitaper method proposed here is shown to have improved statistical properties over conventional non-parametric spectral estimators, and is accompanied by confidence intervals which estimate their uncertainty. Multitaper frequency–wavenumber analysis is applied to a canonical benchmark problem, namely, a direct numerical simulation of von Kármán vortex shedding off a square wall-mounted cylinder with two inflow scenarios with matching momentum-thickness Reynolds numbers$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}\approx 1000$at the obstacle. Frequency–wavenumber analysis of a two-dimensional section of these data reveals that although both the laminar and turbulent inflow scenarios show a turbulent$-5/3$cascade in wavenumber ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$) and frequency ($f$), the flow characteristics differ in that there is a significantly more prominent discrete harmonic oscillation near$(f,\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})=(0.2,0.21)$in wavenumber and frequency in the laminar inflow scenario than the turbulent scenario. This frequency–wavenumber pair corresponds to a travelling wave with velocity near one near the centre path of the vortex street.
The evolution of oil trade: A complex network approach
Authors: FRACASSO ANDREA , NGUYEN HIEN T. T. , SCHIAVO STEFANO 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTrade in oil has undergone significant changes in the last 20 years: technical progress has allowed the exploitation of new and previously untapped fields; the emergence of new large oil importers, such as China, has shifted the traditional patterns of demand and supply, while the desire to diversify energy sources has favored the emergence of new suppliers. This paper compares the topological properties of the network of crude oil trade over the period 1995–2014. The analysis covers both aggregate measures (such as network density and centralization) and node-specific indicators (e.g. centrality) that allow to uncover the rise (demise) of new (old) important players. Accounting for the position of each country within the network provides valuable information above and beyond traditional measures such as market shares. To investigate whether oil trade has experienced a process of globalization or, rather, regionalization, we look at the community structure of the network: the number of communities increases in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, but then goes back to its historical values. Something similar happens to the average geographic distance within each community, showing that along a regional component there are also strategic/political considerations at play. Econometric analysis suggests that high oil prices increase the likelihood that high-production-cost exporters play a more central role in the network, thus reducing the power of traditional suppliers.
Graciously commanded: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Karl Barth on the Decalogue
Authors: Ziegler Philip G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis essay examines and compares the treatment of the Decalogue in the theological ethics of Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. It argues that while both theologians orient their exposition of the Decalogue by attending to its primary character as divine self-revelation, approach it with a view to a Christian ethics of divine command, and frame their understandings in decisively christological terms, they differ markedly on the extent to which the commandments themselves can and ought to be understood as representing concrete divine commands.
The Westminster Standards and the possibility of a Reformed virtue ethic
Authors: Hunsicker David B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe renaissance of virtue ethics in Christian moral discourse has led a handful of Reformed theologians to consider whether or not the Reformed tradition is compatible with classical and medieval concepts of virtue. Barthians, in particular, express doubt regarding the prospect of such a retrieval, arguing that classical notions of virtue compromise the Reformed hallmark of divine sovereignty and Luther's dictumsimul justus et peccator.This essay counters that the Reformed tradition is broad enough to find more productive ways to engage virtue ethics. In particular, the Westminster Standards provideboththe formal space for a significant theological exploration of human agencyandthe material content for the development of something like a classical virtue ethic. Barthian concerns regarding divine sovereignty and moral progress are satisfied by a demonstration that Westminster's attention to human agency is always within the context of a greater emphasis on divine agency.
Neediness: the anthropology of Karl Barth
Authors: Dorman David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article argues that Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics presents human ‘neediness’ as the constitutive element of his theological anthropology. Since this element has had little notice in Barth scholarship, the article focuses on describing the consistent reiteration of this theme in theologically substantive locations throughout the Dogmatics. It begins with Barth's observation that the emergence of humanity on the sixth day discloses humans to be ‘the neediest of all creation’. Barth elaborates the dimensions of human neediness in his discussion of ‘the readiness of humanity for God’, propounding the human need for God as the precondition of knowledge of God that is in actuality undercut by the sin that denies any such neediness. Barth thus describes a potential ‘blessed neediness’ and an actual ‘wretched neediness’ that together define the glory and the tragedy of all that is human, and which inform not only Barth's epistemology and hamartiology, but also his accounts of christology, forgiveness, redemption, worship and Christian witness.
Borders of Class: Migration and Citizenship in the Capitalist State
Authors: Ypi Lea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn many recent debates on the political theory of immigration, conflicts between immigrants and citizens of host societies are explored along identity lines. In this essay, I defend the relevance of social class. I focus on two types of conflict—distributive and cultural—and show how class boundaries play a crucial role in each. In contrast to both defenders and critics of freedom of movement, I argue that borders have always been (and will continue to be) open for some and closed for others. The same applies to barriers on integration and civic participation. It is time to revive the connection between immigration and social class and to start carving political solutions that begin with the recognition of class injustice as a fundamental democratic concern.
Extractivism, Gender, and Disease: An Intersectional Approach to Inequalities
Authors: Cielo Cristina , Coba Lisset 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial inequalities can only be understood through the interaction of their multiple dimensions. In this essay, we show that the economic and environmental impacts of natural resource extraction exacerbate gendered disparities through the intensification and devaluation of care work. A chikungunya epidemic in the refinery city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, serves to highlight the embodied and structural violence of unhealthy conditions. Despite its promises of development, the extraction-based economy in Esmeraldas has not increased its vulnerable populations’ opportunities. It has, instead, deepened class and gendered hierarchies. In this context, the most severe effects of chikungunya are experienced by women, who bear the burden of social reproduction and sustaining lives under constant threat.
Temporary Labor Migration within the EU as Structural Injustice
Authors: Nuti Alasia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTemporary labor migration (TLM) constitutes a significant trend of migration movements within the European Union, especially after the 2004 and 2007 EU enlargements. However, compared to other forms of TLM, intra-EU TLM has received scant attention from normative theorists. By drawing on Iris Marion Young's conception of structural injustice, this article analyzes the injustice of TLM within the EU. It argues that purely rights-based approaches are deficient and that a structural injustice approach is needed. The latter sheds light on the formal and informal processes that place EU temporary migrants in a condition of vulnerability and reveals the multiple individual and collective agents participating in such processes. Moreover, such an approach offers important insights into the agency of migrants by showing how they themselves reinforce structural processes that put not only (i) individual temporary migrants but also (ii) similarly positioned migrants and (iii) other members of the sending and receiving countries in a vulnerable position. A structural injustice approach does not deny that intra-EU temporary labor migrants should enjoy the rights and entitlements that they currently have in the host country as European citizens. Nor does it dispute that reducing the vulnerability of temporary migrants may require “special rights” accommodating the specific nature of their life plans. Instead, though such rights may be necessary, a structural injustice approach demonstrates how they are insufficient to tackle the injustice of intra-EU TLM and other forms of temporary labor migration more broadly.