bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for benign or malignant disease
Authors: Williams Hannah , Jajja Mohammad Raheel , Baer Wendy , Balch Glen C. , Maithel Shishir K. , Patel Ankit D. , Patel Dipan , Patel Snehal G. , Stetler Jamil L. , Winer Joshua H. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Kooby David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEtiologies, levels, and associated factors of psychological distress in cancer patients facing surgery are poorly defined. We conducted a prospective comparative study of perioperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for either malignant or benign disease.MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval, patients consenting for surgery at our institution were enrolled. Surveys were completed at a preoperative visit and within 2 weeks of a postoperative appointment. Participants listed their top three sources of anxiety, and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and the General Anxiety Disorder‐7.ResultsA total of 79 patients completed the preoperative assessment and 44 (58.7%) finished the postoperative survey. Forty‐one were male (51.9%), 12 (15.2%) had a psychiatric comorbidity (PSYHx), and 47 (59.5%) had cancer. Perioperative anxiety and depression did not differ by malignancy status. Patients were most concerned about surgery (22.5%) preoperatively and finances (27.9%) postoperatively. PSYHx, frailty, insurance status, and opioid use were all associated with perioperative psychological distress.ConclusionsCancer patients did not have significantly higher levels of perioperative psychological distress compared with benign controls. Socioeconomic worries are prevalent throughout the perioperative period, and efforts to alleviate distress should focus on providing adequate counseling.
Multiphase chemistry in the troposphere: It all starts … and ends … with gases
Authors: Finlayson‐Pitts Barbara J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen the phenomena of smog and acid deposition were first recognized, it was largely gas phase chemists and photochemists who leapt into the fray to untangle the sources and chemistry involved. Over time, the importance of multiphase chemistry was recognized, as illustrated in a dramatic manner with the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole which is driven by heterogeneous chemistry on polar stratospheric clouds. Since then, it has become clear that multiphase chemistry is central to both the lower and upper atmosphere and that this deeply intertwines interactions between the gas and condensed phases in the atmosphere. As a result, it can be argued that multiphase atmospheric chemistry begins … and ends… with gases. This paper is based on the 2018 Polanyi Medal award presentation at the 25th International Symposium on Gas Kinetics & Related Phenomena and traces research carried out in the author's laboratory on multiphase chemistry over a number of decades. While a great deal has been learned about these processes, they remain one of the areas of greatest uncertainty in understanding atmospheric composition, air quality, chemistry, and climate change.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch extract and powder as an eco‐friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel: A comparison study
Authors: Haris Nur Izzah Nabilah , Sobri Shafreeza , Yusof Yus Aniza , Kassim Norazila 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA comparison study in terms of inhibition performance between oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) extract and OPEFB powder against mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid was evaluated using weight loss technique and adsorption isotherms. OPEFB extract and powder were prepared at various concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% (v/v) and dosages of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g, respectively. The results showed that OPEFB extract achieved higher inhibition efficiency (IE) at high concentration and short immersion time compared to OPEFB powder. Despite having lower IE, OPEFB powder seemed to have better behavior; 6.6% IE increment at longer immersion time, gradual release of active compounds and stronger adsorption capacity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray studies confirmed the presence of active compounds in OPEFB extract and powder that is responsible for inhibition. Thermodynamic study revealed that both OPEFB extract and powder obeyed Langmuir isotherm and worked through physical adsorption. Overall, OPEFB powder is concluded to have better performance as corrosion inhibitor compared with OPEFB extract.
Preservation, rejuvenation, or confusion? Changing package designs for heritage brands
Authors: Orth Ulrich R. , Rose Gregory M. , Merchant Altaf 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUpdating a brand's packaging presents a challenge, especially for heritage brands. This study examines how and when continuity in visual package design influences brand heritage perceptions. A pre‐study uses focus groups to corroborate evidence for the constructs and processes involved. Three experiments show that lower continuity designs create confusion, which in turn damages a brand's heritage identity. Study 1a provides initial evidence for the process and demonstrates that effects occur regardless of prior brand usage. Study 1b replicates the mediating role of confusion with two different product categories, controlling for brand attachment. Study 1c rules out alternative mediating processes through other emotions. Employing a quasiexperimental design involving ten brands, Study 2 demonstrates that a brand's mascot can buffer against detrimental effects of low design continuity on confusion and consequent perceptions of brand heritage and purchase intention while controlling for brand familiarity and need for cognition. Together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of consumer responses to changes in package design and heritage brands.
Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Patients With Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Kamat Anuja , Mittal Shivam Om 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that is recognized as one of the common causes of arboviral neurological disease in the world. WNV infections usually manifest with constitutional symptoms such as fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash, arthralgia, and headache. Neuroinvasive WNV infections are characterized by signs and symptoms suggestive of meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. In addition, many patients with neuroinvasive WNV infection develop a wide range of movement disorders. This article aims to comprehensively review the spectrum and natural course of the movement disorders observed in patients with neuroinvasive WNV infections.MethodsA literature search was performed in March 2019 (in PubMed and EMBASE) to identify articles for this review.ResultsMovement disorders observed in the context of WNV infections include tremor, opsoclonus–myoclonus, parkinsonism, myoclonus, ataxia, and chorea. Most often, these movement disorders resolve within a few weeks to months with an indolent course. The commonly observed tremor phenotypes include action tremor of the upper extremities (bilateral > unilateral). Tremor in patients with West Nile meningitis subsides earlier than that in patients with West Nile encephalitis/acute flaccid paralysis. Opsoclonus–myoclonus in WNV infections responds well to intravenous immunoglobulins/plasmapheresis/corticosteroids. Parkinsonism has been reported to be mild in nature and usually lasts for a few weeks to months in the majority of the patients.ConclusionA wide spectrum of movement disorders is observed in neuroinvasive WNV infections. Longitudinal studies are warranted to obtain better insights into the natural course of these movement disorders.
Utility of the Movement Disorders Society Criteria for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ali Farwa , Botha Hugo , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWhen the 2017 Movement Disorders Society Criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy is applied, patients may appear to have multiple phenotypes. The maximum allocation extinction rules were developed to provide a consistent method for applying the criteria and reaching a single diagnostic label. In this study, we apply both to a neuropathologic cohort of progressive supranuclear palsy and other parkinsonian conditions.MethodsAn autopsy cohort of 54 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and 56 patients with other neuropathologic diseases was selected. Clinical data were retrospectively abstracted, and the diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy were applied. All possible phenotypes applicable were listed and maximum allocation extinction rules were applied to assess reduction in the number of phenotypes ascribed per patient.ResultsIn the progressive supranuclear palsy group, 52 patients met the criteria for multiple phenotypes, with an average of 7 phenotypes per patient. In the nonprogressive supranuclear palsy group, all 56 patients had features of more than one phenotype, up to 3 per patient. After application of maximum allocation extinction rules, the majority of the patients in both groups had a single predominant phenotype. Freezing of gait, supranuclear gaze palsy, and frontal behavioral syndrome were more common in the progressive supranuclear palsy group.ConclusionsThe diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy identify many clinical features, thereby leading to assignment of multiple phenotypes per patient. We demonstrate that the maximum allocation extinction rules can effectively lead to a single consensus phenotype, maintaining a uniform diagnostic label for clinical and research applications.
Roles of the M4 acetylcholine receptor in the basal ganglia and the treatment of movement disorders
Authors: Moehle Mark S. , Conn P. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) released from cholinergic interneurons acting through nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the striatum have been thought to be central for the potent cholinergic regulation of basal ganglia activity and motor behaviors. ACh activation of mAChRs has multiple actions to oppose dopamine (DA) release, signaling, and related motor behaviors and has led to the idea that a delicate balance of DA and mAChR signaling in the striatum is critical for maintaining normal motor function. Consistent with this, mAChR antagonists have efficacy in reducing motor symptoms in diseases where DA release or signaling is diminished, such as in Parkinson's disease and dystonia, but are limited in their utility because of severe adverse effects. Recent breakthroughs in understanding both the anatomical sites of action of ACh and the mAChR subtypes involved in regulating basal ganglia function reveal that the M4 subtype plays a central role in regulating DA signaling and release in the basal ganglia. These findings have raised the possibility that sources of ACh outside of the striatum can regulate motor activity and that M4 activity is a potent regulator of motor dysfunction. We discuss how M4 activity regulates DA release and signaling, the potential sources of ACh that can regulate M4 activity, and the implications of targeting M4 activity for the treatment of the motor symptoms in movement disorders. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Chromosomal aberrations in pregnancy and fetal loss: Insight on the effect of consanguinity, review of 1625 cases
Authors: Najafi Kimia , Gholami Soheila , Moshtagh Azadeh , Bazrgar Masood , Sadatian Neda , Abbasi Golemaryam , Rostami Parvin , Khalili Soheila , Babanejad Mojgan , Nourmohammadi Bahareh , Faramarzi Garous Negin , Najmabadi Hossein , Kariminejad Roxana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy loss affects 10%–15% of pregnancies and is caused by several factors, maternal and fetal. Most common cause is chromosomal aneuploidy and has traditionally been detected by karyotyping product of conception and/or fetal tissue. In recent years, array comparative genomic hybridization (a‐CGH) has been used because of its higher detection and lower failure rates.MethodsDNA was extracted from 1625 products of abortion or fetal tissue. In 1,104 cases both quantitative fluorescent‐polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) and a‐CGH, and in 521 cases only a‐CGH, was performed.ResultsThe detection rate using QF‐PCR and a‐CGH is 20% compared to 12.7%, overall, and 15.7%, excluding failed samples, by karyotypes in our center. QF‐PCR and a‐CGH failed in 1.9% of cases, while the failure rate for karyotypes was 20.1%. The difference of detection and failure rates is significant (p‐value < 0.001 and p‐value < 0.001 respectively). Unexpectedly we also found a significant difference in frequency of imbalances in related versus unrelated couples. (χ2 = 11.4926, p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionIt is highly likely that the pregnancy loss in consanguineous couples is caused by other genetic and immune mechanisms. It is plausible that, through the same mechanism by which single gene disorders have a higher prevalence of manifesting disease in consanguineous couples, they can cause lethal genetic disorders leading to pregnancy loss and intra‐uterine fetal death (IUFD) in these couples. Our findings suggest that this is a matter for further study as it will greatly influence the approach to counseling and managing consanguineous couples with pregnancy loss.
Concurrent quantification of magnetic nanoparticles temperature and relaxation time
Authors: Shi Yipeng , Weaver John B. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe harmonic spectrum of the magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the presence of an applied magnetic field can be used to characterize the properties of the microenvironment of the MNPs. The change in temperature and relaxation time has been measured by varying the magnetic field amplitudes or frequency to obtain the harmonic spectrum. However, scaling estimates of temperature or relaxation time are poor if both change simultaneously. In this work, we show that scaling over both the amplitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field allows both the temperature and relaxation to be estimated simultaneously.MethodsThe scaling methods previously used to measure temperature and relaxation times individually have been expanded to two dimensions allowing both parameters to be estimated simultaneously. Samples with different temperature and relaxation times were measured using a magnetic nanoparticle spectrometer to verify this two‐dimensional scaling method. Simulations were also carried out for a range of nanoparticle sizes, and the best particle sizes were estimated for this two‐dimensional method.ResultsThe two‐dimensional scaling method achieved a mean error of 0.83% for relaxation time by considering the temperature variation as well as relaxation time changes. The temperature and viscosity of the MNPs were measured simultaneously with the mean error of 1.03°C and 0.011 mPas. For monodisperse particles with Brownian relaxation, simulation showed that core radius of 16 nm and hydrodynamic radius of 23 nm had best accuracy for the scaling method.ConclusionsThe two‐dimensional scaling method allows both temperature and relaxation time to be estimated simultaneously. The measurement accuracy can be improved by combining information in ratios and phases of the magnetic harmonics of the magnetization and by choosing the optimal particle sizes.
Discrete element analysis of the influence of bolt pattern and spacing on the force‐displacement response of bolted steel mesh
Authors: Xu Cong , Tannant Dwayne D. , Zheng Wenbo 
Published: June 2019

SummarySteel wire mesh held by a pattern of bolts can be used to stabilize a rock slope. Knowledge of the force‐displacement response of steel mesh is essential in the design of this support system. Laboratory tests have been used to test mesh that is held to rigid steel frames. These testing conditions differ from how steel mesh is held in the field by bolts. The existing laboratory test data may underestimate the deformation and overestimate the load‐bearing capacity of the steel mesh. This paper focuses on the response of the high tensile strength steel mesh held by commonly used bolt patterns. Discrete element models were used to study the force‐displacement response of the steel mesh pinned by bolts. The influences of different bolt patterns and varying ratios of bolt spacing on the effectiveness of steel wire mesh were analyzed. Relationships between the resistance force of steel mesh and bolt density at various mesh deformations were developed. These relationships can help engineers choose the bolt spacing and provide an estimate of the resistance force that a steel mesh can mobilize at a desired deformation limit for a given bolt pattern.
Adverse drug event patterns experienced by patients with diabetes: A diary study in primary care
Authors: Denig Petra , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. , Soliman Nashwa , Mol Peter G. M. , de Vries Sieta T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeLittle is known about adverse drug events (ADEs) experienced over time during chronic drug use. The purpose of this study was to assess ADE patterns experienced by patients with diabetes.MethodsPatients who received an oral glucose‐lowering drug completed a daily diary for 13 weeks. The diary asked for experienced symptoms and whether patients related these symptoms to any drug they used. Summaries of Product Characteristics were used to check whether the ADEs were known adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of the drugs used. Patterns of weekly occurring ADEs were assessed with descriptive statistics.ResultsWe included 78 patients. Almost half of them reported at least one ADE (N = 36; 46%). In total, 80 ADEs were reported. Of these ADEs, 71 (90%) were known ADRs. ADEs lasted less than 1 week in 27 cases (34%) and between 2 and 12 weeks in 15 cases (19%). The remaining ADEs fluctuated (16 cases; 20%) or persisted (22 cases; 28%) during the entire study period.ConclusionsADEs experienced by patients with diabetes can fluctuate or persist over long periods of drug use.
Does smoking abstinence predict cancer patients' quality of life over time?
Authors: Martínez Úrsula , Brandon Karen O. , Sutton Steven K. , Brandon Thomas H. , Simmons Vani N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveSmoking cessation improves quality of life (QOL) in the general population. However, there is limited information on the role of smoking status on QOL among cancer patients. Moreover, previous studies tended to analyze smoking status dichotomously and at a single point in time, potentially reducing the strength of the relation between smoking cessation and QOL. This study examined the association of smoking abstinence and QOL over time, including depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with a wide variety of cancers.MethodsParticipants were 332 cancer patients (eg, gynecologic, breast, thoracic, head and neck, and genitourinary) who had been abstinent for at least 24 hours. Days abstinent and QOL were assessed at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months later. Latent growth curve models examined if days abstinent was associated with QOL at each assessment. Baseline demographics (eg, sex and income) and smoking history variables (eg, nicotine dependence) were used as time‐invariant covariates.ResultsThe final model for each QOL component had good‐to‐excellent fit. More days abstinent was associated with lower depression at all follow‐ups and with lower fatigue at 12 months but was not associated with pain.ConclusionsQOL was better among patients who quit smoking for longer periods. Findings suggest different timelines, with smoking abstinence most immediately associated with lower depression, followed by lower fatigue. Although pain decreased over time, it was not associated with length of smoking abstinence. Results reinforce the relationship between sustained smoking cessation and QOL, which should be communicated to patients.
Plants to the fore: Noticing plants in designed environments
Authors: Nyberg Eva , Hipkiss Anna Maria , Sanders Dawn 
Published: June 2019

Societal Impact StatementEducational experiences where the ecological and social significance of plants is the main focus are crucial tools to help us to overcome “plant blindness” and challenge “zoocentric” views. By examining how student teachers respond to two different educational environments; one where animals are in the foreground, and another where plants take center stage, we conclude that for plants to be noticed in animal‐rich environments, they need to be prominent in the design of spaces with information about them displayed clearly. This work will help inform the design and creation of tools that will enhance and develop plant science education.
Summary

Plants are not only essential for human health and well‐being, but are fundamental to life on Earth. Despite their central importance in sustaining life on this planet, many humans do not notice plants to the same extent as they do animals, a phenomenon described as “plant blindness”. Research indicates that multimodal and sensoric experiences might be significant tools for bringing about a shift away from plant blindness toward recognizing plants and their importance for life on Earth.

This study seeks to explore the affordances of sensory‐rich indoor environments in two different settings; one where living animals are in the foreground (a science center), and one where living plants are in the fore (a greenhouse in a botanical garden). The participants in this study were elementary school student teachers. Data were collected through individual questionnaires that examined the student teachers' experiences visiting the two sites.

The student teachers' answers are rich in aesthetic expressions, both regarding the animals and plants mentioned and regarding the environments studied. There is a dominance of animal references at the science center and a dominance of plant references from the botanical garden.

In order for plants to be noticed in animal‐rich environments, they need to be foregrounded in the design of spaces and information about them clearly exposed to human view.