bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative validation of HPLC, densitometric and videodensitometric determination of lamotrigine in pharmaceutical
Authors: Paw Beata 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Simple, sensitive, precise and accurate HPLC, densitometric and videodensitometric methods for determination of lamotrigine in tablet forms were developed and validated. The HPLC method was carried out using a Symmetry C8 column and a mobile phase acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 2.80 (25:75, v/v), with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detection at 210 nm. Ethosuximide was used as the internal standard. Densitometric and videodensitometric analysis was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates, in horizontal chambers, with methanol-chloroform-ammonia (25%) 1.5:7.5:1, (v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric detection was performed at 225 nm and at 315 nm, and videodeoscanning at 254 nm. Calibration plots were constructed in the range 0.5-10 μg/spot, with good correlation coefficients r > 0.99 for both methods. The precision and accuracy of all elaborated methods were compared. Finally, the developed methods were applied for the quality control of lamotrigine tablets.
The hepatoprotective activity of the herbal preparation Salivin against carbon tetrachloride (Ccl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits
Authors: Khurelbat Daariimaa , Purevkhuu Mandakhnaran , Luvsansharav Batgerel , Bandi Sarantsetseg , Tseveen Davaasuren , Sanjjav Tsetsegmaa , Dorjbal Enkhjargal , Miegombo Ambaga 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recently, a trend has developed towards employing certain herbal medicines to manage hepatotoxicity. The present study is that of an assessment of the efficacy of a herbal preparation of Salivin (HPS), a combination of the herbs of Saussurea amara (L.)DC., Salsola collina Pall., Achillea asiatica Serg. and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, in rabbit models, against CCl4-induced hepatic damage. In so doing, an extract of HPS (200 mg/kg body weight/day), along with reference control tablets of Carsil (Silymarin 35 mg) (250 mg/kg body weight/day) (which is known for its hepatoprotective effects) were administered, along with the standard diet.
The experimental group of rabbits received HPS orally for 28 days, which resulted in a decrease in blood enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), compared to the control.
Evidenced by biochemical and histopathological studies, it is concluded that the polyherbal formulation HPS showed hepatoprotective activity against induced CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rabbits.
Selected forms of therapy for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Dudzinska Ewa , Szymona Kinga , Pacian Anna , Kulik Teresa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition of multiple origins. It is characterised by a range of behaviour patterns, in addition to disturbed social and emotional functioning. Of note, early therapy is conducive to better treatment results. A few recently discussed therapies have a particularly positive impact on children with ASD. Corbett et al. [2] proposed Sense Theatre. This involves instilling appropriate behaviours and communication patterns into the afflicted individual through acting. Role-playing and other similar techniques also offer an opportunity for children with ASD to improve their areas of empathy and social cooperation. With regard to bio-feedback-related techniques, Friedrich et al. [3] was noted for developing the Brain-computer method, a system of game interface connected to an external device. The method targets the mirror neuron system (MNS) in order to enhance cognitive, emotional and behavioural functions through neurofeedback. An approach put forward by Solomon et al. [10] is called ‘Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Project Home Consultation’. Herein, volunteers visit patients’ homes on a regular basis to engage the children in play and games, after which they discuss with parents, the issues that came up. The PLAY reduces guardians’ stress levels and improves children’s skills. A pharmacological method is that of administering sulphoraphane [9], which reduces damaging effects. As others claim [8,1,7], other dietary approaches prove efficient as well. In summation, an early intervention and the employment of a multimodal treatment approach can be of importance for enhancing the life of ASD-affected children.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Wojcik Gustaw , Sokolowska Barbara , Piskorz Jolanta 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The superior thoracic aperture is a place particularly vulnerable to the occurrence of tissue conflict and the development of a number of neurovascular changes carrying a risk of upper limb dysfunction. The triggering factor in this case is the pressure on the nerve vascular elements brought about by too large muscles of the chest and neck, clavicle fracture and dislocation of the upper ribs, anomalies in the form of ribs, in the neck, or by apex of the lung tumors. Each anatomical anomaly may be a cause of a number of lesions and lead to the development of the disease. Due to the nature of the oppressed structures, there are two basic groups: neurogenic and vascular. The most common variant giving clinical symptoms is neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. In this, the compression ratio, the brachial plexus, and for this reason, the vascular surface of the upper limb dysfunction is often overlooked. However, the vascular variant, and especially arterial sub-variant, is very dangerous because it can give complications even in the form of aneurysms, and even upper limb ischemia. The aim of the study is to present the most common changes in the thoracic outlet causing functional disorders of the upper limb.
Overview on fosfomycin and its current and future clinical significance
Authors: Chudzik-Rzad Beata , Andrzejczuk Sylwia , Rzad Mariusz , Tomasiewicz Krzysztof , Malm Anna 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Fosfomycin is an old antibiotic with a unique chemical structure and with broadspectrum activity against numerous bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gramnegative, including resistant and multi-resistant strains. This antibiotic was accepted into clinical practice in the early 1970s. Its use, however, has been limited for several years for treating mainly lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections (in the form of fosfomycin trometamol taken orally). Nowadays, many clinicians and scientists are looking at this antibacterial drug for its employment in the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Fosfomycin as an intravenous formulation (fosfomycin disodium) achieves clinically relevant concentrations in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid, in kidney, bladder wall, prostate, lungs, bone and heart valves tissues, as well as in inflamed tissues and abscess fluid. The available clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of intravenous fosfomycin for the management of severe infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.
Changes of nitric oxide system and lipid peroxidation parameters in the digestive system of rats under conditions of acute stress, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Fomenko Iryna , Bondarchuk Tetyana , Emelyanenko Vitaliy , Denysenko Natalia , Pavlo Sklyarov , Ilkiv Iryna , Lesyk Roman , Sklyarov Alexander 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in combination with being physiologically stressed often occurs in in the course of different pathologies. This situation may result in the alteration of digestive system functioning. The effect of stress brings about changes in the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginase, cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipid peroxidation, whereas the use of NSAIDs interrupts the multiple functions of the cell via the inhibition of prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis. Taking into account that NOS and COX-systems are connected in their regulation, the aim of the study was to determine the role played by NOS and lipid peroxidation under conditions of the combined action of NSAIDs and stress. In our study, male rats were used. The NSAIDs (naproxen - a non-selective COX inhibitor, celecoxib - a selective COX-2 blocker, and the compound 2A5DHT (which is the active substance of dual COX, and the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor, darbufelone) were all administered at a dose 10 mg/kg, prior to water restraint stress (WRS). WRS brought about an increase of inducible NOS (iNOS) activity in the intestinal mucosal and muscular membranes, as well as in the pancreas. Because of this, constitutive NOS izoform (cNOS) and arginase activities decreased. Moreover, the MDA concentration increased, indicating the development of oxidative stress. In our work, pretreatment with naproxen, as in the WRS model, engendered a decrease in iNOS activity. What is more, administration of Celecoxib did not change iNOS activity, as compared to WRS alone, and it showed a tendency to reduce lipid peroxidation. In addition, 2A5DHT prior WRS brought about a decrease of iNOS activity, with the subsequent rise of cNOS activity. Of note, MDA concentration decreased in all studied organs, indicating the reduction of lipid peroxidation under the action of the darbufelone active substance.
Dental arch Transversal characteristics in boys and girls with orthognathic bite: head shape and face type dependence
Authors: Gunas Іgor , Glushak Alona , Samoylenko Andriy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this work, we describe the boundary percentile scope values of transversal characteristics of the dental arch of boys and girls of Podillia, with diagnosed orthognathic bite. The study group consists of individuals with different forms of head and face. Our findings are that, in girls, unlike boys, set differences exist in the transversal dimensions of the upper and lower jaw, both in the distribution of the shape of the head, and the type of face. In boys with different head shape, larger values of transversal size of dental arch are evidenced when contrasted with the corresponding groups of girls, regarding the maxilla in 46.7% of all cases and the mandible in 22.2% of all cases, as well as with different types of faces in 66.7% of cases regarding the maxilla and 55.6% in the mandible.
The influence of an opioid on the course of reparative processes
Authors: Mateshuk-Vatseba Lesya , Diskovskyi Ivan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objective of our work is to examine the influence of prolonged administration of an opioid, on the course of the reparative process of a multiple post-injection wound inflicted upon a white rat’s skin, doing so by way of using light microscopy. The studies were carried out on 24 mature white male rats, aged 4.5-7.5 months, with weights of 130-150 g. For histological examination, the skin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The preparations were studied and photographed at the magnification of ob.х8, ey.x15 and ob.x40, ey.x10. The «Aver Media» computer system was employed for micropreparations photography. The set levels of light microscopy reveal that the administration of an opioid for a 2 week period does not affect the reparative process of a multiple post-injection wound. Moreover, in most wound canals, the formation of a complete regenerate can be seen. However, after 4 weeks of nalbufin administration, the processes of wound healing slowed and were complicated by the formation of microabscesses. After 6 weeks of opioid administration, destructive changes in the skin were detected. These, in turn, led to the incomplete regenerate formation in the multiple postinjection wound. The experimental results, hence, show the negative effect of prolonged administration of opioid on the reparative processes in the skin.
Local administrative-territorial specificity dermatoglyphics of men in Ukraine affected by caries at various levels of intensity
Authors: Shinkaruk-Dykovytska Maria , Borisenko Anatoly 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We found differences in administrative-territorial distributions of dermatoglyphics with regard to somatic healthy men of I adulthood with low and moderate levels intensity of caries. However, separate dermatoglyphics complexes of men with low levels intensity of caries, typical for any region of Ukraine, were not found. The data obtained from the western and southern regions of the country is particularly interesting. This, we believe, is a manifestation of population-regional particularities of the gene pool of Ukrainian men that corresponds to markers of greater physical health than to markers of the progression of the course of caries that is of low intensity. The greatest number of differences by indicator dermatoglyphics is evidenced in men with a medium level intensity of caries. This is concentrated in territorial segments: west↔center↔south and north↔center↔south. Moreover, a great amount of differences are seen in territorial segments: center west↔center↔north and south↔center↔east, while the least difference, albeit still numerous, is noticeable in territorial segments: north↔center↔east. The obtained data are interpreted by us as a manifestation of predisposition to the course of caries of a medium level of affection which is based on differences in the structure of the gene pool of the Ukrainian male population.
Effectiveness of psychopharmacology in Anorexia Nervosa treatment
Authors: Zadka Lukasz 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The eating disorder that generates the highest death rate is that of anorexia nervosa, and current treatment is a combination of equalization of somatic state and patient education. Moreover, psychical symptoms occurring in the course of anorexia nervosa are thought to have a crucial influence on the course of the disease. Hence, in medical literature, the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions is also widely described. Still, the implementation of appropriate psychopharmacology is now considered an additional method of treatment, rather than a therapy of choice. Yet, in spite of many years of research, there are no absolute recommendations given, nor are instructions within the scope of psychopharmacological treatment proffered, although the selection of psychopharmacological items must respect both the patient’s psychic and somatic states. In recent years, the popularity of psychopharmacological treatment has increased; therefore, we feel that it is justified to present the latest scientific information in this respect.
An alternative synthesis of Azilsartan: an angiotensin II receptor blocker
Authors: Garaga Srinivas , Misra Nimesh C. , Reddy Ambati V. Raghava , Prabahar Koilpillai Joseph , Takshinamoorthy Chandiran , Sanasi Paul Douglas , Korupolu Raghubabu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper provides a description of an alternative, novel and commercially viable process which has been developed for the preparation of Azilsartan, a pro-drug of Azilsartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. The present work also provides a primary account of the synthesis and characterization of the novel intermediates (6, 7 & 10) of Azilsartan, with their spectral data.
Specifics of proximal caries and their diagnostics in posterior teeth
Authors: Wojcik-Checinska Ilona , Mojsym Agnieszka , Loj-Maczulska Agnieszka , Chalas Renata 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Proximal surfaces are the second in turn after the occlusal surfaces, as being the most exposed places to the carious process. The specificity of changes and location makes the diagnostic of approximal cavities difficult. The aim of the study was to collect information on possibilities of detection, monitoring and assessment of carious lesions located on proximal surfaces, starting from the early stage. On the base of current literature, chosen methods of diagnosis, from conventional, to advanced technologies were presented. Current literature also suggests that none of the diagnostic methods exclude the possibility of misdiagnosis of proximal caries. Therefore, during the diagnosing of doubtful cases, it is advisable to employ several methods of assessment, with simultaneous individual appraisal of caries risk factors, such as oral hygiene, frequency of eating sweets or the number of active caries foci.
The blood resistin level in patients with DM2, depending on the duration of the disease
Authors: Urbanovych Alina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Resistin is still a little known hormone of the adipose tissue. The potential role of resistin in the development of DM2 has been currently investigated. The aim of our study was to detect the resistin blood level in patients with DM2, depending on the duration of the disease. In so doing, a determination of resistin and insulin blood level was conducted in 305 patients with DM2, and in a control group of 32 persons. Before testing, the patients were placed into four groups, depending on the duration of type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that the resistin level was significantly lower in the control group of patients, in comparison with the DM2 patients groups. Moreover, a significantly lower resistin level was found in group I (firstly diagnosed DM2), in comparison with the groups of patients with a different duration of DM2. No correlation between resistin level and BMI, and between resistin and insulin blood level was found. However, a tendency towards increase of resistin blood level is noticeably evident in co-relation with increment of DM2 duration. In addition, the resistin level was considerably lower in patients with no DM2, when compared with patients with diagnosed DM2. Yet, there was no significant difference in the resistin blood level depending on the sex of the patients at the same duration of DM2
Regulation of the genes involved in neurotransmission in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Cuch Barbara , Polaczek Anna , Idziak Magdalena , Kotuła Lidia , Maciejewski Ryszard , Madej-Czerwonka Barbara , Kocki Janusz 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the full name of the disease commonly deemed ADHD. This disease is most frequently diagnosed in childhood, and it affects up to 12 % of all children world-wide. The current clinical criteria (the base for diagnosis) can be found in DSM -V. The core symptoms are divided in three groups: hyperactivity, impulsivity and impaired attention. The aetiology of the disorder is combined, including a wide range of factors, and the genetic, environmental, toxic, perinatal background is taken into account. Because, currently, more and more studies are seeking to explore the heritability of the disorder, the aim of this study is to review the information provided by different research centres which discuss the genetic background of the disease. Herein, we present the results of different studies gathered from the online database. Our findings indicate that the participation of genetic factors within this disorder is supported by family, twin and adoption studies. Indeed, in current literature, researchers estimate that there is a higher risk of developing ADHD among children from families with an ADHD history. Of particular note is that there are some studies indicating particular genes that determine the susceptibility to ADHD. Such studies make mention that most of these genes encode components of the dompaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission systems. Researchers in the field, thus, are attempting to link the presence of certain alleles in affected children with their response to treatment. Yet, while ADHD is now considered as being a disorder of genetic background, we cannot indicate a single gene or its mutation that would be crucial in the aetiology and diagnosis. Still, a number of candidate genes have been reported so far.
Effect of compression pressure on mechanical and release properties of tramadol matrix tablets
Authors: Adeleye Olutayo A. , Femi-Oyewo Mbang N. , Odeniyi Michael A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Drug delivery to the proper site of action in the body is greatly influenced by the excipients used and some processing variables such as changes in compression force.
The aim of this investigation was to study the influence of changes in compression forces during tablet manufacturing on the mechanical and release properties of Tramadol matrix tablet. Hardness and friability were used as assessment parameters for mechanical properties while release properties were analysed using dissolution test. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA at p < 0.05.
Tablet hardness and friability were typically compression pressure-dependent with a significant difference in tablet hardness and friability with increase in compression pressure (p < 0.001).
Drug release was best expressed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation as the plots showed high linearity (r2) of 0.998 and 0.988 for formulations containing Xanthan gum and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, respectively. Drug release from formulations containing Xanthan gum was mainly by diffusion while a combination of diffusion and chain relaxation was the mechanism of drug release from formulation containing Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose.
The release properties of tramadol matrix tablet were not significantly influenced by compression pressure but rather by the polymer and the material properties of the drug.
Hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis after chronic administration of ethanol
Authors: Kot-Bakiera Katarzyna , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Cichacz-Kwiatkowska Beata , Jodlowska-Jedrych Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are a nonparenchymal population of liver cells. In normal conditions, they store vitamin A, control the turnover of the extracellular matrix, and regulate the contractility of the sinusoids. Acute and chronic damage such as that brought about by alcohol activates the stellate cells and they are then responsible for the liver's inflammatory fibrotic response. Hence, alcohol consumption leads to hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver by way of different mechanisms depending on effect upon the nonparenchymal cells of the liver.
The aim of our study was to assess the histological changes in the liver of rats after chronic alcohol consumption. In our work, we evaluated the intensity of liver fibrosis and the number of Kupffer cells and active hepatic stellate cells present within a test population. In the experiment, we used 10 Wistar rats of 250 gram weight. The animals were placed within one of two groups: A (experimental) and C (control). Group A received alcohol for 4 weeks, while group C received just water. The rats of both groups were decapitated 24 hours after the end of the experiment. The samples of liver were then evaluated after H&E, Masson’s trichrome staining and an immunohistochemical reaction to desmin (a marker of quiescent HSC) and α-smooth muscle actin (marker of active HSC) antibody. In our work, we observed intensive fibrosis in the portal spaces and perivenular areas in group A samples. Moreover, Kupffer cells and stellate cells with positive α-SMA expression were more numerous in group A than in the group C, and these correlate with the area of intensive fibrosis. The expression of desmin in the HSC was seen in both groups to a similar level.
Conclusion: Chronic alcohol consumption activates the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into the positive α-SMA myofibroblast-like cells which are responsible for fibrogenesis.