bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics Analysis of the mdx/mTR Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Van Pelt Douglas W , Kharaz Yalda A , Sarver Dylan C , Eckhardt Logan R , Dzierzawski Justin T , Disser Nathaniel P , Piacentini Alex N , Comerford Eithne , McDonagh Brian , Mendias Christopher L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease characterized by extensive muscle weakness. Patients with DMD lack a functional dystrophin protein, which transmits force and organizes the cytoskeleton of skeletal muscle. Multiomic studies evaluate combined changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, and have been proposed as a way to obtain novel insight about disease processes from preclinical models. We therefore sought to use this approach to study pathological changes in dystrophic muscles. We evaluated hindlimb muscles of male mdx/mTR mice, which lack a functional dystrophin protein and have deficits in satellite cell abundance and proliferative capacity. Wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice served as controls. Muscle fiber contractility was measured, along with changes in the transcriptome using RNA sequencing, and in the proteome, metabolome, and lipidome using mass spectroscopy. While mdx/mTR mice displayed gross pathological changes and continued cycles of degeneration and regeneration, we found no differences in fiber contractility between strains. However, there were numerous changes in the transcriptome and proteome related to protein balance, contractile elements, extracellular matrix, and metabolism. There was only a 53% agreement in fold change data between the proteome and transcriptome, highlighting the need to study protein abundance along with gene expression measures. Numerous changes in markers of skeletal muscle metabolism were observed, with dystrophic muscles exhibiting elevated glycolytic metabolites. These findings highlight the utility of multiomics in studying muscle disease, and provide additional insight into the pathological changes in dystrophic muscles that might help to guide evidence-based exercise prescription in DMD patients.
Lipid Interactions of a Ciliary Membrane TRP Channel: Simulation and Structural Studies of Polycystin-2 (PC2)
Authors: Wang Qinrui , Hedger George , Aryal Prafulla , Grieben Mariana , Nasrallah Chady , Baronina Agnese , Pike Ashley C.W. , Shi Jiye , Carpenter Elisabeth P. , Sansom Mark S.P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolycystin-2 (PC2) is a member of the TRPP subfamily of TRP channels and is present in ciliary membranes of the kidney. PC2 can be either homo-tetrameric, or heterotetrameric with PC1. PC2 shares a common transmembrane fold with other TRP channels, in addition to having a novel extracellular domain. Several TRP channels have been suggested to be regulated by lipids, including phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). We have combined molecular dynamics simulations with cryoelectron microscopy to explore possible lipid interactions sites on PC2. We propose that PC2 has a PIP-binding site close to the equivalent vanilloid/lipid-binding site in the TRPV1 channel. A 3.0 Å cryoelectron microscopy map reveals a binding site for cholesterol on PC2. Cholesterol interactions with the channel at this site are further characterized by MD simulations. These results help to position PC2 within an emerging model of the complex roles of lipids in the regulation and organization of ciliary membranes.
Two forms of phosphomannomutase in gammaproteobacteria: The overlooked membrane-bound form of AlgC is required for twitching motility ofLysobacter enzymogenes
Authors: Qian Guoliang , Fei Shifang , Galperin Michael Y. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTLysobacter enzymogenes, a member ofXanthomonadaceae, is a promising tool to control crop-destroying fungal pathogens. One of its key antifungal virulence factors is the type IV pili that are required for twitching motility. Transposon mutagenesis ofL.enzymogenesrevealed that production of type IV pili required the presence of theLe2152gene, which encodes an AlgC-type phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM). However, in addition to the cytoplasmic PMM domain, the Le2152 gene product contains a ca. 200-aa N-terminal periplasmic domain that is anchored in the membrane by two transmembrane segments and belongs to the dCache superfamily of periplasmic sensor domains. Sequence analysis identified similar membrane-anchored PMMs, encoded in conservedcoaBC-dut-algCgene clusters, in a variety of gammaproteobacteria, either as the sole PMM gene in the entire genome or in addition to the gene encoding the stand-alone enzymatic domain. Previously overlooked N-terminal periplasmic sensor domains were detected in the well-characterized PMMs ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandXanthomonas campestris, albeit not in the enzymes fromPseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putidaorAzotobacter vinelandii. It appears that after the initial cloning of the enzymatically active soluble part ofP.aeruginosaAlgC in 1991, all subsequent studies utilized N-terminally truncated open reading frames. The N-terminal dCache sensor domain of AlgC is predicted to modulate the PMM activity of the cytoplasmic domain in response to as yet unidentified environmental signal(s). AlgC-like membrane-bound PMMs appear to comprise yet another environmental signaling system that regulates production of type IV pili and potentially other systems in certain gammaproteobacteria.
The principle of maṣlaḥah and its application in Islamic banking operations in Malaysia
Authors: Ishak Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the extent to which maṣlaḥah (public interest) is taken into consideration in Islamic banking operations in Malaysia, particularly in bayʿ al-ʿīnah (sale and buyback), taʿwiḍ (compensation) and ibrāʾ (rebate).

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies deductive and inductive methods to analyze the application of maṣlaḥah in Islamic financial transactions. Three issues in Malaysia are selected as a case study, allowing bayʿ al-ʿīnah, standardizing the rate of taʿwiḍ and stipulating the ibrāʾ clause in financial agreements. As this study is qualitative in nature, all data are analyzed based on the content analysis method.

Findings
Both the maṣlaḥah of Islamic banks and their customers were found to be considered by the Central Bank of Malaysia in the implementation of contracts and principles of Islamic banking. The first maṣlaḥah represents the viability of Islamic banks, while the second maṣlaḥah promotes fairness and transparency between Islamic banks and their customers.

Research limitations/implications
This study only focuses on the contracts and principles of Islamic banking operations in Malaysia with regard to three selected issues.

Practical implications
This paper clarifies the practical application of maṣlaḥah in the Islamic banking industry, particularly with regard to implementing its contracts and principles.

Originality/value
This paper analyzes the argument of maṣlaḥah on the issues of bayʿ al-ʿīnah , taʿwiḍ and ibrāʾ in Malaysia, which are considered among scholars to be debatable issues. While many discussions focus on the legal aspect of Sharīʿah on those issues, this study emphasizes how the application of maṣlaḥah aims to solve the current problems and harmonize between Sharīʿah and reality.
Correlates of agrarian indebtedness in rural India
Authors: Surendran Padmaja Subash , Ali Jabir 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining the incidence and extent of indebtedness among agricultural households in rural India.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a nationally representative survey carried out under the 70th Round of the National Sampling Survey Office (NSSO) across rural India. Data on household characteristics, farming characteristics, indebtedness and extent of outstanding credit have been extracted from the comprehensive survey data. Four research hypotheses have been formulated and tested using simple statistical techniques. Further, using the Heckman Selection Model, the study assesses the factors determining the agrarian indebtedness among households in rural India.

Findings
The results from the descriptive analysis show that there is a significant difference in socio-economic and farm characteristics of indebted and non-indebted households. Further, the level of indebtedness differs across sources of the loan, landholding sizes and geographical locations among agricultural households. The results of regression analysis clearly indicate that household characteristics, farm characteristics and sources of loan determine both the incidence and extent of indebtedness among agricultural households.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the study is that only the data giving information regarding the amount of outstanding loans have been collected, and there is no information regarding the amount of credit availed, the purpose and the due date of payment. Further, there is scope to improve the robustness of the empirical model by adding and modifying explanatory variables.

Originality/value
There are only a limited number of empirical studies providing an understanding of the factors determining the indebtedness of agricultural households in rural India. Hence, this study is a good value addition to the existing literature.
Consumers’ preferences for rice attributes in Cambodia: a choice modeling approach
Authors: Bairagi Subir , Mohanty Samarendu , Custodio Marie Claire 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine rice attributes that are valued by the urban consumers of Cambodia and identifies the factors that influence consumers’ decisions on a set of rice attributes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses incomplete ranking choice data, gathered from a stated preference survey conducted from 350 consumers of two cities in Cambodia, to model consumers’ alternative choices of rice traits in a setting of a random utility framework. Empirically, a rank-ordered logistic regression is fitted to identify the factors influencing consumers’ perception on a set of rice attributes.

Findings
The results suggest that the probability of choosing rice that is soft is highest for consumers in Cambodia. The second and third most preferred rice attributes are taste and aroma, respectively. The results also indicate that rice consumption is significantly affected by location, economic class of consumers, family size and educational attainment.

Research limitations/implications
The research was carried out using consumers in two urban cities in Cambodia as a case study; therefore, the findings might not represent all consumers’ preferences for rice traits in the country.

Originality/value
The present study contributes to the overall rice grain preference literature examining consumers’ perceptions on rice traits and the factors influencing their decision in choosing rice traits. The results originating from this study will help to guide rice breeders in developing new varieties with traits that will be acceptable to consumers and other value chain actors.
Determinants of innovation
Authors: Restrepo-Morales Jorge Aníbal , Loaiza Osmar Leandro , Vanegas Juan Gabriel 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to study the influence of innovation on micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) performance in Colombia through the 403 MSMES survey analysis. In particular, this paper measures the effect of participation in R&D alliances, product innovation and process innovation on it.

Design/methodology/approach
MSME performance is measured through a composite index, estimated through principal components analysis using polychoric correlations, which is based on eight self-reported assessments of MSME performance. Then, this measure of performance is related to MSME participation in R&D alliances and the product and process development stance of the MSME based on an adaptation of the Miles and Snow business classification scheme, by means of an ANOVA and a linear regression.

Findings
Colombian SMEs are not significantly benefitted from participation on R&D alliances. Instead, their performance appears to be dependent upon their internal innovation efforts directed to product development. Moreover, the results suggest that imitators get a performance almost as high as innovators.

Originality/value
Innovation activities in Colombian SMEs are carried out informally, as they are mostly uninterested to engage in R&D activities and to develop new products by own initiative. Moreover, few of them have an R&D department. In regard to technology, results suggest that almost half of SMEs are classified as followers, namely, they use the same technology as competitors.
The relationship between the income and behavioural biases
Authors: Isidore R. Renu , P. Christie 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between the annual income earned by the investors and eight behavioural biases exhibited by the investors such as mental accounting, anchoring, gambler’s fallacy, availability, loss aversion, regret aversion, representativeness and overconfidence.

Design/methodology/approach
The relationship is derived based on a questionnaire survey conducted on 436 secondary equity investors residing in Chennai, India.

Findings
Analysis of variance test was performed on the normalised and non-normalised version of the biases divided in terms of the annual income earned by the investor. The test found that for the significant biases except the overconfidence bias, the investors with higher annual income were less prone to the biases when compared to investors with lower annual income. On the other hand, with respect to the overconfidence bias, the investors with higher annual income were prone to exhibit overconfidence bias when compared to the investors with lower annual income. Correlation analysis showed that the investors with high annual income were more likely to exhibit higher overconfidence bias but lower representativeness, loss aversion, availability and mental accounting biases.

Originality/value
A contribution in the financial and economic front which would benefit the financial advisors to now consider the income earned by the clients as an important factor while giving financial advice to the clients and while guiding them about the biases they are prone to exhibit.
Do scavengers prevent or promote disease transmission? The effect of invertebrate scavenging on Ranavirus transmission
Authors: Le Sage Mitchell J. , Towey Bailey D. , Brunner Jesse L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Host–parasite interactions are shaped by the broader web of community interactions, from interspecific competition to predator–prey dynamics. Heterospecific scavengers might also affect parasite transmission from infectious carcasses, which can be an important source of infections for some wildlife diseases.

A robust scavenger community can quickly remove carcasses and tissue and thus prevent secondary transmission by necrophagy or contact with infectious carcasses. Alternatively, by spreading infectious particles and tissues throughout the environment, scavengers may increase rates of casual contact with pathogens and thus overall transmission. However, there has been little empirical consideration of the contrasting roles that scavengers might play in infectious disease dynamics.

We carried out a series of studies to determine the efficiency with which scavenging invertebrates remove carcasses of Long‐toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) larvae and their role in the transmission of frog virus 3 (Genus: Ranavirus, Family: Iridoviridae) from carcasses. We then estimated the functional response of one efficient invertebrate scavenger (Family: Dytiscidae) to increasing carcass densities in field conditions in order to determine the capacity of scavenging invertebrates to consume large amounts of carcass tissue, as may be present at high prevalence sites.

We found that removal of infectious carcasses by scavengers strongly reduced transmission to naïve larvae. Scavengers were as effective at reducing transmission from a carcass as a physical barrier preventing contact with the carcass. There was little evidence that scavenging released sufficient infectious tissues into the water column to rival direct contact as a route of infection. Moreover, while scavenging rates saturated at increasing carcass densities, consistent with a type II functional response, there were sufficient densities of dytiscid larvae, not to mention other scavenging invertebrates, in a surveyed pond to theoretically prevent transmission from carcasses.

Our results suggest that at least in systems in which conspecific necrophagy is common, the scavenger community can play an important role in reducing transmission.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Innovative work behaviour in the public sector: The roles of task characteristics, social support, and proactivity
Authors: Suseno Yuliani , Standing Craig , Gengatharen Denise , Nguyen Diep 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examines the roles of task characteristics, organisational social support, and individual proactivity on innovative work behaviour (IWB) in the public sector. Analysing empirical data from 154 employees from a government agency in Australia, we found that task characteristics, organisational social support, and proactive personality have a positive impact on IWB. Proactive personality is also found to be a moderator in the relationship between task characteristics and IWB. The findings suggest the need to design human resource practices that better identify proactive and innovative job applicants in the recruitment and selection process. Further, we highlight the requirement to organise and design work that recognises the need to develop social support to improve IWB. The implications of the study for further research on IWB are discussed.
Social class background and gender‐(a)typical choices of fields of study in higher education
Authors: Seehuus Sara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy employing a Bourdieu‐inspired class scheme that differentiates between classes’ volume and composition of capital, and by analysing Norwegian administrative register data for birth cohorts between 1987 and 1992, this paper examines the relationship between social class background and gender‐(a)typical choices of higher education. Fields of study in higher education in much of the Western world remain segregated by gender despite the gender gap in educational attainment having been reversed. However, some changes have taken place due to the influx of women into male‐dominated, high‐status fields. Few recent studies have examined the relationship between social class background and gendered educational choices in light of these changes; furthermore, the focus of previous research has been limited to the vertical dimension of class. The results presented in this article suggest that men and women are more likely to make gender‐atypical choices when this leads to social mobility and that focusing solely on the vertical dimension of class may mask horizontal differences.
Exposure Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis for Chilled Shrimp During Distribution: A Case Study of Home Delivery Services in Taiwan
Authors: Ndraha Nodali , Hsiao Hsin‐I 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the temperature requirements for home delivery in Taiwan by considering food safety risks of chilled shrimp that may be contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was chosen because it was the main cause of foodborne outbreaks originating from contaminated seafood in Taiwan. The risk of becoming ill due to consumption of raw shrimp was estimated to be 7.3 × 10−3 per serving, estimated based on the real‐time temperature profile. Lowering the maximum temperature to 7 °C during transit and cooking shrimps at 100 °C for 5 min could reduce the risk by more than 94%. These interventions, therefore, were suggested to be used as an integral part of temperature management control in the home delivery cold chain. These findings can help food authorities to institute temperature management policies and regulations to prevent broken cold chains and reduce food safety risks.Practical ApplicationThis research may be applicable to home delivery services that deliver low‐temperature food products, such as seafood products.
Supporting emotional well‐being in schools in the context of austerity: An ecologically informed humanistic perspective
Authors: Hanley Terry , Winter Laura Anne , Burrell Kimberley 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSchools are commonly asked to take on roles that support the emotional well‐being of students. These practices are in line with humanistic education theory and can be difficult to fulfil by schools. Broader ecological pressures, such as periods of austerity, are likely to add to the difficulty in meeting students’ needs.AimsTo explore whether professionals in schools believe that their work supporting pupils’ emotional well‐being has changed as a consequence of the current period of austerity.SampleThis project reports the views of staff from three secondary schools in the North West of England. A purposive sample of 29 individuals, including members of the senior leadership team and newly qualified teachers, were involved.MethodsAll participants were interviewed about their perceptions of the impact of a sustained period of austerity upon their work. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsEducational professionals associated wider socio‐political factors with a perceived increase in the need for emotional support of pupils. They reported taking on new roles and responsibilities to accommodate this and noted they are doing so with fewer resources and limited governmental support.ConclusionsThis paper concludes that considering humanistic education theory alongside ecological theory helps to conceptualize how socio‐political factors can impact upon the emotional well‐being in schools. An ecologically informed humanistic framework is depicted based upon the findings of this project as a means of understanding how these two theories complement one another and interact.
Sustaining the adoption of gamified outdoor social enquiry learning in high schools through addressing teachers’ emerging concerns: A 3‐year study
Authors: Jong Morris Siu‐yung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGamified Authentic Mobile Enquiry in Society (GAMES) is a GPS‐supported mobile application for gamifying social enquiry learning in outdoor environments. Teachers are always the “educational innovation gatekeepers” in schools. This paper reports on a 3‐year study in which the Stages of Concern model was employed as a quantitative diagnostic instrument to continuously understand and address the emerging concerns of 91 social humanities teachers (from 91 high schools in Hong Kong) about adopting GAMES in their teaching practice. With adequate interventions for addressing the participants’ ongoing needs, their peak categorical concern shifted initially from “Management” (in Year 1) to “Consequence” (in Year 2), and finally to “Refocusing” (in Year 3). The results reveal that the participants largely intended to go on harnessing GAMES to facilitate outdoor social enquiry learning in their schools. This work provides the field with profound strategic insights into sustaining technological innovations in schooling from the perspective of teachers—an important stakeholder of education.