bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRUSH FRACTURES OF THE LATERAL TIBIAL TABLE
Authors: Porter B. B. 
Published: February 2018

1. Sixty-eight crush fractures of the articular surface of the lateral tibial condyle have been analysed. 2. Follow-up examination at a minimum of three years after injury was carried out in all cases. 3. The only factors which appeared to influence the results were the extent of the original depression, and if this was severe, the degree of restoration obtained by the treatment. Prolonged plaster fixation was avoided. 4. At review, no patient complained of symptoms which were attributable to damage to ligaments or menisci and no patient had symptoms of late onset. 5. The results suggest that there is nothing to be gained by open reduction if the lateral condyle is depressed by less than 10 millimetres, as conservative treatment gives good results. If the depression is more severe, however, a good result can only be assured if the articular surface is successfully reconstituted, but this is sometimes difficult to achieve. It is not possible to reconstitute the surface by non-operative means.
FAT EMBOLISM: AN AID TO DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Gurd Alan R. 
Published: February 2018

1. A diagnostic procedure is described which is specific for fat embolism. It allows identification of the pathological fat globules On a stained slide. 2. The amount of pathological fat can be estimated by comparing the serum triglyceride levels before and after filtration. 3. The method is simple, reproducible and inexpensive.
HYPEREXTENSION INJURIES OF THE SPINE
Authors: Burke David C. 
Published: February 2018

1. The literature on hyperextension injuries of the spine is briefly reviewed. 2. Such injuries in the cervical spine can be subdivided into five groups based on the pathological anatomy, based on the experience of fifty-one patients in the Spinal Injuries Centre for Victoria over the past five years. 3. Extension injuries of the thoraco-lumbar spine are discussed. They are rare and have a poor prognosis. 4. The importance of treatment based on sound clinical and pathological knowledge is emphasised, particularly in order that stable and unstable lesions may be recognised early and managed correctly.
CHONDROMYXOID FIBROMA (FIBROMYXOID CHONDROMA) OF BONE
Authors: Schajowicz Fritz , Gallardo Hector 
Published: February 2018

1. A series of thirty-two cases of chondromyxoid fibroma is reported. 2. The clinical, radiographic and pathological features are described. 3. The rarity of the tumour and of malignant change is stressed. 4. Excision or block resection is preferred to curettage as a method of treatment, because of the liability to recurrence after curettage. 5. It is suggested that the designation "fibromyxoid chondroma" is more appropriate than the usual designation "chondromyxoid fibroma".
HISTIOCYTOSIS X
Authors: Cheyne C. 
Published: February 2018

1. The clinical, histological and radiological findings in 129 cases of histiocytosis X have been reviewed and the natural history of the disease is discussed. 2. Certain clinical and histological factors emerge as having prognostic significance. 3. The treatment in thirty-four personally reviewed cases is discussed and some suggestions are made as to the treatment of particular types of case.
PYOGENIC INFECTION OF THE SPINE
Authors: Griffiths H. E. D. , Jones D. M. 
Published: February 2018

1. Twenty-eight patients with pyogenic infection of the spine are reported. 2. Diagnosis was by clinical, radiological and bacteriological means. Investigations of the spinal lesions by needle aspiration or open operation was needed in four patients. 3. Treatment consisted primarily of antibiotics and rest. 4. Twenty-five patients were fit and well after follow-up of one to fifteen years. Three deaths occurred, but only one was directly connected with the infection ; urinary infection with paraplegia and haemophilia were the cause in two others. 5. The relatively benign course is stressed, as are some of the diagnostic pitfalls in the early stages, particularly with thoracic lesions.
INTERNAL FIXATION FOR SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR IN THE ELDERLY PATIENT
Authors: Brown Austin , D'Arcy J. C. 
Published: February 2018

1. A method of internal fixation for the supracondylar fracture of the femur in the elderly patient is presented. 2. The fixation obtained allows the unsupported use of the limb and early partial weightbearing. Convalescence is thereby considerably shortened. 3. The disappointing results of internal fixation previously reported can be largely related to poor methods of fixation.
COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS IN MATURE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Repo Raimo U. , Mitchell Nelson 
Published: February 2018

1. The utilisation of labelled proline in normal and injured mature rabbit articular cartilage has been studied and compared simultaneously in one phase of the study with radiosulphate utilisation. The morphologic features of lacerative injury paralleled those reported previously. 2. Labelled proline is actively utilised by mature articular cartilage and can be recovered in time from the matrix as labelled hydroxyproline. This is taken as evidence of collagen synthesis. 3. Evidence is presented to suggest that the rate of formation of labelled hydroxyproline may be augmented after lacerative trauma. 4. Parallel utilisation of radiosulphate and labelled proline suggests that the synthesis of chondromucoprotein and collagen are closely related and that the continual synthesis of both moieties is necessary for the maintenance of normal matrix. 5. Despite evidence of increased chondromucoprotein and collagen synthesis no significant contribution is made to the healing of lacerative defects in mature rabbit articular cartilage.
LUMBO-SACRAL SUBLUXATION
Authors: Dandy D. J. , Shannon M. J. 
Published: February 2018

1. Forty-six cases of congenital spondylolisthesis (Newman's Group 1) have been studied. The diagnostic criteria were lumbo-sacral subluxation, deficient development of sacral neural arches and superior facets, and attenuation and elongation of the pars interarticularis, with or without a defect in continuity. 2. Intertransverse lumbo-sacral fusion is a safe and reliable method of treatment. 3. Stabilisation is not complete before two years. 4. Spinal fusion is indicated in all patients with significant symptoms during the period of growth, but in adult patients only if conservative treatment fails.
PERTHES' DISEASE OF THE HIP
Authors: Somerville E. W. 
Published: February 2018

1. Perthes' disease is an ischaemic lesion of the ossific nucleus of the head of the femur which may vary both in extent and degree. It is probably never quite complete. 2. When part of the ossific nucleus only is affected, as is usually the case, it is almost invariably the antero-lateral part. 3. The process of absorption of the damaged bone is complete radiologically before there is radiological evidence of reossification. 4. Reossification always occurs in Perthes' disease. 5. The aim of treatment must be to see that the mould in which the head is shaped is the right shape when ossification occurs. 6. The deformity of the head of the femur does not occur from pressure alone, but from pressure combined with subluxation. Full unrestricted weight-bearing can be allowed with safety on a femoral head in which there are ischaemic changes provided the femoral head is well contained. 7. The time of treatment can be very greatly reduced by using operation to correct the subluxation instead of relying on external splintage. This can be achieved by subtrochanteric osteotomy with rotation, or rotation combined with varus angulation. 8. Perthes' disease and avascular necrosis of the head of the femur are different conditions with different characteristics. 9. Suggestions are made as to the nature of the disease in relation to absorption, continued growth and reossification.
PROBLEMS IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: Mitchell George P. 
Published: February 2018

1. Some problems in the early diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation are discussed. 2. In a well-staffed maternity unit one dislocation completely escaped early detection in every 8,000 births over the period 1962 to 1968 inclusive. 3. The complications of early treatment on a Malmö splint are initial failure to obtain reduction, failure to maintain reduction, deformity of the upper femoral epiphysis or metaphysis, and persistent anteversion of the femoral neck. 4. Arthrography suggests that failure of early splintage and deformity of the upper femur are due to attempted reduction in the presence of an inverted limbus. 5. A trial method of treatment of frank displacement in the first year of life has been carried out by combining excision of the inverted limbus with a period in a frog position plaster to correct anteversion. This method avoided changes in the upper femur but failed to correct anteversion in four out of eighteen cases.
TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION OF THE KNEE
Authors: Taylor A. R. , Arden G. P. , Rainey H. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. The results have been reviewed of forty-two traumatic dislocations of the knee in forty-one patients, twenty-six of which were treated conservatively. 2. Primary operative repair was carried out in only three cases, although a further ten had operative intervention for various complications. 3. It was not possible to compare the results of operation with those of conservative treatment, because the operative procedures were so diverse in nature. 4. The conservative treatment of twenty-six dislocations yielded surprisingly good results with regard to stability, absence of pain, and range of flexion movement. 5. In general, immobilisation for long periods, like operative repair, led to reduced movement. 6. In the absence of complications, conservative treatment is the method of choice.
DOMINANTLY INHERITED DIGITO-TALAR DYSMORPHISM
Authors: Sallis J. G. , Beighton Peter 
Published: February 2018

1. A large Caucasian kindred in South Africa are affected by a previously undescribed inherited deformity of the hands and feet called digito-talar dysmorphism. 2. The principal features of digito-talar dysmorphism are flexion deformities, narrowing and ulnar deviation of the fingers. The thumb may be held in an abnormal position by a soft-tissue web. Rocker-bottom foot may develop, due to vertical talus. The facies is normal and the mentality is unimpaired. 3. The general health is good but orthopaedic measures may be needed for function and cosmesis. 4. The condition is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, with varying clinical expression of the abnormal gene.
LOOSENING OF THE CEMENTED ACETABULAR CUP IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
Authors: Andersson G. B. J. , Freeman M. A. R. , Swanson S. A. V. 
Published: February 2018

1. Prosthetic acetabular cups of the Charnley and McKee-Farrar designs were cemented into cadaveric pelves using different procedures for preparing the acetabulum. 2. The torsional moments needed to loosen these cups were measured. 3. The torsional moments so measured were found to be from about four to more than twenty times higher than the frictional moments measured in independent tests on the two designs of prosthesis. 4. It is argued that late looseness of the acetabular component after total hip replacement, in the absence of infection, seems most likely to be due to thermal damage to the bone occurring at the time of polymerisation of the cement, and to subsequent bone resorption. 5. Surgical preparation of the acetabulum should include removal of all the articular cartilage and cleaning of the acetabular fossa, but the drilling of additional holes in the floor of the acetabulum seems unimportant. 6. The possibility of fatigue fracture in bone as a factor contributing to late loosening is an argument in favour of metal-on-polyethylene prostheses with their lower frictional moments, although the importance of this factor cannot be estimated.
LOCALISED ARACHNOIDITIS COMPLICATING LUMBAR DISC LESIONS
Authors: Ransford A. O. , Harries B. J. 
Published: February 2018

1. French in 1946 presented eight cases of arachnoiditis complicating a lumbar disc lesion; five further cases are reported here. 2. It is suggested that repeated minor persistent trauma produces the strictly localised changes in the arachnoid, in the same sort of way that it may produce ulnar neuritis at the elbow. 3. The various causes of arachnoiditis are discussed. 4. The place of operation has been found difficult to assess.
FRACTURES OF THE NECK OF THE RADIUS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Jeffery C. C. 
Published: February 2018

The case illustrated substantiates the explanation of the rare epiphysial separation of the head of the radius with 90 degrees backward tilting referred to above as Group 2. It suggests also that the initial fall on the hand may loosen the capital epiphysis. The undesirability of reducing dislocations of the elbow merely by pulling on the hand of the injured limb is emphasised. The dislocation should be reduced by gentle traction accompanied by pressure with the thumbs on the front of the displaced olecranon.
SYNOVECTOMY OF THE ELBOW IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Wilson D. W. , Arden G. P. , Ansell B. M. 
Published: February 2018

1. Synovectomy of the elbow affected by rheumatoid arthritis is a worthwhile procedure even in the presence of advanced radiological changes. 2. Relief of pain is good (93 per cent) and movement is retained (87 per cent). 3. Although the follow-up in this series was short, averaging nineteen months, the results seem to be maintained. 4. Good access to the joint may be had through medial and lateral incisions, and division of the olecranon is unnecessary. A lateral incision alone is not recommended. 5. The ulnar nerve should be preserved during dissection. Anterior transposition is needed only if there are neurological symptoms before operation.
THE ROLE OF FLUORINE-18 AND STRONTIUM-87m SCINTIGRAPHY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIVE SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Kemp H. B. S. , Johns D. L. , McAlister J. , Godlee J. N. 
Published: February 2018

1. An ancillary diagnostic technique using Fluorine-l8 or Strontium-87m is described, and has assisted in the correct diagnosis of fifty-two patients admitted with the provisional diagnosis of infective spondylitis. 2. The technique is of particular value in the assessment of reactivation of chronic spinal infections and in the differential diagnosis of atypical lesions.
DOME FRACTURE OF THE TALUS
Authors: Mukherjee Sadhan Kumar , Young Andrew B. 
Published: February 2018

1. Ten consecutive fractures of the dome of the talus are reported. Six were lateral, three medial and one anterior. 2. The injury is most commonly seen in the second and third decades of life, and with the exception of the rare anterior dome fracture, results from an inversion injury of the ankle. The possibility of a dome fracture associated with strain of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint should therefore always be borne in mind. 3. Antero-posterior views in neutral and in plantar fiexion are helpful in diagnosing medial dome fractures. Lateral fractures are best seen in an antero-posterior view taken in neutral flexion with 10 degrees inward rotation of the limb. 4. A large dome fracture with displacement should be accurately reduced by open operation in order to preserve congruity of the joint surface. 5. A small fracture with no displacement may be treated conservatively until radiographically it appears united. 6. A small fracture with marked displacement is best treated by early excision of the fragment to prevent further damage to the ankle joint.
MULTIPLE GIANT-CELL TUMOUR OF BONE
Authors: Sybrandy S. , de la Fuente A. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. A case is described of three giant-cell tumours, the first in 1966 in the lower left femur, the second in 1968 in the upper right femur, the third later in 1968 in the upper left femur. 2. None of the tumours could be described as frankly malignant. 3. Despite a lapse of four years it is still not possible to decide whether the first tumour had metastasised or whether all three arose independently by multifocal origin.
SOLITARY MYELOMA OF THE CLAVICLE WITH LONG SURVIVAL AFTER TOTAL EXCISION
Authors: McLauchlan J. 
Published: February 2018

1. A case of solitary myeloma of the clavicle is reported. The patient remained well, without signs of dissemination, twenty-four years after excision of the clavicle. 2. Solitary myeloma is rare; the diagnosis depends upon thorough investigation and prolonged follow-up.
ATLANTO-AXIAL SUBLUXATION IN THE MORQUIO SYNDROME
Authors: Beighton Peter , Craig James 
Published: February 2018

1. The case is described of an eight-year-old girl with the Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) who died from acute tetraplegia, due to atlanto-axial subluxation which occurred during general anaesthesia. 2. Hypoplasia of the dens of the axis vertebra entails a high risk of vertebral dislocation and spinal cord damage especially in circumstances such as general anaesthesia when excessive movements of the head may occur.
HAEMANGIOMA OF A VERTEBRAL BODY TREATED BY LIGATION OF THE SEGMENTAL ARTERIES
Authors: Bucknill T. , Jackson J. W. , Kemp H. B. S. , Kendall B. E. 
Published: February 2018

1. The case is described of a twenty-nine-year-old man with back pain due to an extensive vascular malformation replacing the major part of a vertebral body. 2. Treatment was by transthoracic ligation of the segmental vessels, with irradiation and spinal fusion later. 3. The importance of demonstrating the origin of the thoraco-lumbar supply to the anterior spinal artery is emphasised.
"MATRIX-STREAKS": A PECULIAR PATFERN IN THE CARTILAGE OF THE FEMORAL HEAD OF AGEING HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Lothe K. , Spycher M. A. , Rüttner J. R. 
Published: February 2018

1. Human articular cartilage from normal femoral heads and from cases of osteoarthrosis in subjects of various ages has been examined histologically and by electron microscopy. 2. In specimens from middle-aged and old subjects, peculiar "matrix-streaks" have been observed in the deep zone of the pressure areas as oblique bands extending from the pericellubar halos into the adjacent matrix. 3. Ultrastructurally the streaks are correlated with an undulating pattern of the radially oriented collagen fibres. 4. The streaks are considered to result from a focal lack of acid mucopolysaccharide and from natural forces on the articular cartilage. Their appearance is assumed to be an early sign of cartilage disintegration associated with ageing.
THE EFFECT OF OSMIUM TETROXIDE AND NITROGEN MUSTARD ON NORMAL ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Authors: Mitchell Nelson , Laurin Carroll , Shepard Nora 
Published: February 2018

1. Osmium tetroxide and nitrogen mustard were injected into normal adult rabbit joints. Within one week widespread chondrocyte necrosis had occurred as evidenced by electron microscopic examination and radioactive proline uptake autoradiography. 2. Initially, the cartilage matrix was intact but three to seven months later the cartilage surface began to disintegrate. 3. These studies indicate that osmium tetroxide and nitrogen mustard are unsuitable agents for chemical synovectomy. 4. They also indicate that there may be a long latent period between cartilage cell death and cartilage destruction, and that the evaluation of any agent for chemical synovectomy must take this into consideration.
PRIMARY HAEMANGIOPERICYTOMA OF BONE
Authors: Dunlop James 
Published: February 2018

1. Two cases of primary skeletal haemangiopericytoma treated by ablative surgery, one in combination with radiotherapy, are reported. 2. A discussion of the management of these tumours includes surgical excision, radiotherapy, a combination of both or a combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapeutic agents. 3. Because of the unpredictable behaviour of these tumours it seems necessary to include ablative surgery if cure is to be expected.
MULTICENTRIC EXTRA-ABDOMINAL DESMOID TUMOURS
Authors: Barber H. M. , Galasko C. S. B. , Woods C. G. 
Published: February 2018

1. Two patients with multicentric extra-abdominal desmoid tumours are reported. Multicentric foci have not been described previously. 2. Both cases conform to the usual clinical, macroscopic and microscopic criteria of desmoid tumours in all other regards. 3. Their occurrence in a single limb bud suggests a congenital propensity and leads to the advocacy of radical surgery in such cases.
THE TECHNIQUE AND COMPLICATIONS OF UPPER TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY
Authors: Jackson J. P. , Waugh W. 
Published: February 2018

1. A series of 226 upper tibial osteotomies is reviewed with special reference to the complications occurring in each of the six different operative techniques that have been used. 2 Wedge osteotomy above the tuberosity is the safest operation, but care must be taken to avoid a fracture into the joint. 3. Wedge osteotomy through the lowest part of the tuberosity may be indicated in the presence of large subarticular cysts or collapse of a tibial condyle. 4. The significance of weakness of dorsiflexion of the foot and the dangers of injury to the anterior tibial artery in osteotomies below the tuberosity are discussed.
THE TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE ANKLE FRACTURES
Authors: Brodie I.A. O.D. , Denham R. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. A series of 298 unstable ankle fractures treated during the last ten years is reviewed. 2. Open reduction and rigid fixation with two screws, with early mobilisation after operation and avoidance of plaster, achieved a high percentage of satisfactory results. Accurate reduction diminishes the incidence of traumatic arthritis and pain.
MUSCLE INJURY POTENTIALS: A SOURCE OF VOLTAGE IN THE UNDEFORMED RABBIT TIBIA
Authors: Lokietek W. , Pawluk R. J. , Bassett C. A. L. 
Published: February 2018

1. The electric potentials in undeformed rabbit tibiae were measured in vivo and in vitro. 2. Surgically traumatised soft-tissues, particularly muscle, constituted the major source of voltage in vivo (up to 22 millivolts). 3. Electrical insulation of the tibia from attached soft parts abolished the high potentials on the bone. 4. Similarly high voltages could be reproduced in an excised tibia by substituting a battery for the injured muscle. 5. Changes in voltage also could be induced by altering blood flow rates or by rapid infusion of saline into the medullary space. 6. Death of the cellular elements in bone did not alter the voltage significantly. 7. The electrical contributions of the nervous system, and of dipole components of the extracellular matrix (such as collagen), either were inconsequential or of such low magnitude as to be "masked" by the larger "injury" voltages. Supported by grants from the United States Public Health Service (AM-07822) and the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (TIAM-05408).
SCOLIOSIS IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Rombouts J. J. , Rombouts-Lindemans C. 
Published: February 2018

1. Eleven patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, most of them young adults at a terminal stage, were found to have structural scoliosis with curves measuring between 20 and 80 degrees. 2. The common feature was severe and protracted rheumatoid disease. 3. The characteristics of the spinal curves are analysed; the longer curves may have been caused by muscle imbalance and the shorter curves possibly by asymmetrical involvement of the inter-apophyseal joints. 4. It is suggested that juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is an unusual etiological factor of scoliosis.