bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemistry of cyclobutanes
Authors: Obregon Roberto , Wang Junpeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe field of polymer mechanochemistry has been revolutionized by implementing force-responsive functional groups—mechanophores. The rational design of mechanophores enables the controlled use of force to achieve constructive molecular reactivity and material responses. While a variety of mechanophores have been developed, this Mini Review focuses on cyclobutane, which has brought valuable insights into molecular reactivity and dynamics as well as innovations in materials. We discuss its reactivity and mechanism, dynamics and stereoselectivity, as well as impacts on material properties.
Sedimentology of False Bay (Western Cape, South Africa): geological background information for the integrated environmental management of a physically confined coastal compartment
Authors: Flemming Burghard W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFalse Bay is a large, physically confined embayment located along the southwest coast of South Africa. It is a classic example of a coastal compartment or littoral cell that acts as a receptor and sink of both terrestrial (siliciclastic) and marine (bioclastic) material. It is almost square in shape, measuring ∼35 km N-S and ∼39 km W-E and covering ∼1130 km2. Only a few small rivers discharge into the bay, as a consequence of which only small amounts of sediment are episodically supplied to the bay. The bathymetry reveals two well-defined terraces, one between 30 and 45 m, the other between 50 and 55 m water depth, which are indicative of extended Pleistocene sea-level stillstands. Sediment is dispersed by long-period ocean swells approaching from the southwestern quadrant, as well as nearshore swell- and wind-driven currents. The presence of a prominent rock pinnacle at the entrance to the bay (Rocky Bank) causes wave orthogonals to converge on its leeward side, and which results in substantial wave amplification along the eastern shore of the bay. Coarse-grained sediments (gravel, very coarse sand, coarse sand and medium sand) line the rocky shores in the west and east, and are dispersed around and away from submarine rock outcrops, whereas fine-grained sediments (fine sand, very fine sand and mud) are largely confined to an arcuate belt extending along the centre of the bay from shallow water in the northwest to the deepest parts in the south. This is documented by the distribution of individual size fractions and the mean grain size, and applies to both the siliciclastic and the bioclastic sediment components which appear to be in hydraulic equilibrium. There is a distinct N-S gradient from lower to higher bioclastic content with increasing water depth. The textural parameters (mean grain size, sorting and skewness) reveal the existence of two hydraulic populations that are mixed in various proportions in the course of their dispersal in the form of either bed load or suspended load transport. The mud fraction is closely linked to the dispersal pattern of the fine and very fine sand fractions, indicating that it is transported in the form of aggregates and/or faecal pellets, the bulk of which is evidently in hydraulic equilibrium with the finer-grained sands. It can be anticipated that, during lower Pleistocene sea levels, the palaeo-False Bay valley was occupied, or at least regularly visited, by large and small African mammals and early humans.
Tracing metallurgical links and silver provenance in Balkan coinage (5th -1st centuries BCE)
Authors: Westner Katrin Julia , Blichert-Toft Janne , Gentelli Liesel , Pavlovska Eftimija , de Callataÿ François , Albarède Francis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLocal types of coinage testify to the emerging use of silver in the Balkan interior, possibly related to abundant ore deposits in the region. Here, we present Pb isotope data for silver coins minted by local tribes and settlements (anepigraphic coins attributed to the Derrones/Laeaei, Damastion, Pelagia, Kings of Paeonia) between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. For comparison, we analysed coinage of the potential Greek emporia Dyrrhachium and Apollonia for their main element and Pb-Ag isotope compositions. Statistical data evaluation demonstrates close material connections between coins from the Balkan interior and identify a predominantly local raw material provenance. The majority of Damastion’s issues defines a tight cluster fitting Strabo’s (VII.7.8) account that the settlement possessed nearby silver mines in the Balkan interior. Novobërdë/Novo Brdo (Kosovo) can be plausibly hypothesised among the available reference data to have been one of the main ore districts supplying the mint. Mixing is evident for coins from the Kings of Paeonia and coinage attributed to the Derrones/Laeaei. Virtually identical end-members suggest that Paeonian regal coinage recycled tribal issues with contribution of metal obtained from Damastion’s hypothesised mines. Contemporaneous coinage struck by Dyrrhachium as well as end-members calculated for Thasos and the Macedon kingdom (Albarede et al. in Bullion mixtures in silver coinage from ancient Greece and Egypt, J Archaeol Sci 162:105918, 2024a) signal metal sourced from the Balkans, presumably the Macedonian/Paeonian border area. Comparison of data from Greek city-states and coinage issued by Apollonia and Dyrrhachium for the Romans demonstrates a change in the type and origin of raw materials and bullion composition, indicating a shift in monetary customs and possibly metal production technology.
Triglyceride-glucose index predicts postoperative overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Gao-Min , Zhu Wen-Biao , Xu Ji-Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance is important in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis and progression. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio or TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) are three non-invasive parameters for insulin resistance. However, their prognostic role in HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy remains unclear.

Materials and methods
HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy at the Meizhou People’s Hospital from May 2011 to February 2023 were retrospectively explored. Patients were classified into high and low groups based on different TyG, TG/HDL-c, and TyG-BMI indices. The prognostic role of TyG, TG/HDL-c, and TyG-BMI was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models. A nomogram incorporating significant prognostic factors was constructed and validated.

Results
A lower TyG, lower TG/HDL-c, and lower TyG-BMI were linked to worse overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Multivariate analysis indicated the TyG index, but not the TG/HDL-c and TyG-BMI index, could independently predict HCC OS. The nomogram incorporating the TNM stage and TyG index demonstrated good calibration, discriminative ability, and clinical benefit for predicting OS in HCC patients.

Conclusions
The TyG index could independently predict HCC OS after hepatectomy in this cohort. The nomogram incorporating the TyG index may aid in the prognosis management of HCC.
ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Medical Education — Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Aster Alexandra , Laupichler Matthias Carl , Rockwell-Kollmann Tamina , Masala Gilda , Bala Ebru , Raupach Tobias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review aims to provide a summary of all scientific publications on the use of large language models (LLMs) in medical education over the first year of their availability. A scoping literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations for scoping reviews. Five scientific literature databases were searched using predefined search terms. The search yielded 1509 initial results, of which 145 studies were ultimately included. Most studies assessed LLMs’ capabilities in passing medical exams. Some studies discussed advantages, disadvantages, and potential use cases of LLMs. Very few studies conducted empirical research. Many published studies lack methodological rigor. We therefore propose a research agenda to improve the quality of studies on LLM.
Splitting tensile strength of shale cores: intact versus fractured and sealed with ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP)
Authors: Bedey Kayla , Willett Matthew R. , Crandall Dustin , Rutqvist Jonny , Matteson Kirsten , Phillips Adrienne J. , Cunningham Alfred B. , Kirkland Catherine M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUreolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP) is a biomineral solution where the urease enzyme converts urea and calcium into calcium carbonate. The resulting biomineral can bridge gaps in fractured shale, reduce undesired fluid flow, limit fracture propagation, better store carbon dioxide, and potentially enhance well efficiency. The mechanical properties of shale cores were investigated using a modified Brazilian indirect tensile strength test. An investigation of intact shale using Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp cores was conducted at varying temperatures. Results show no significant difference between shale types (average tensile strength = 6.19 MPa). Eagle Ford displayed higher strength at elevated temperature, but temperature did not influence Wolfcamp. Comparatively, cores with a single, lengthwise heterogeneous fracture were sealed with UICP and further tested for tensile strength. UICP was delivered via a flow-through method which injected 20–30 sequential patterns of ureolytic microorganisms and UICP-promoting fluids into the fracture until permeability reduced by three orders of magnitude or with an immersion method which placed cores treated with guar gum and UICP-promoting fluids into a batch reactor, demonstrating that guar gum is a suitable inclusion and may reduce the number of flow-through injections required. Tensile results for both delivery methods were variable (0.15–8 MPa), and in some cores the biomineralized fracture split apart, possibly due to insufficient sealing and/or heterogeneity in the composite UICP-shale cores. Notably in other cores the biomineralized fracture remained intact, demonstrating more cohesion than the surrounding shale, indicating that UICP may produce a strong seal for subsurface application.
Completing an universal m-gonal form with a closing unary piece
Authors: Park Dayoon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we show that for any m-gonal form $$F_m({\textbf{x}})$$

F
m

(
x
)

with $$m \ge 12$$

m
≥
12

which represents every positive integer up to $$m-4$$

m
-
4

, by putting together with only an unary m-gonal form, we may complete an universal form.
Influence of retrofitting in the seismic behaviour of precast reinforced concrete industrial buildings
Authors: Ostetto Liana , Batalha Nádia , Sousa Romain , Fernandes Paulo , Rodrigues Hugo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious destructive earthquakes caused large economic losses as well as human losses. Seismic risk studies are of paramount importance to predict the impact of future earthquakes and support seismic risk mitigation policies. The present study presents a seismic risk assessment based on the cost and direct loss assessment of precast industrial buildings with different retrofitting levels in terms of horizontal strength. In this evaluation, a comparative analysis between the configurations of retrofitted buildings and the original building is performed. The effects of retrofitting solution strategies are first investigated in a single building. Then a study is carried out to assess which retrofit solutions level are most appropriate depending on the exposure and seismic risk. The results showed the use of bracing in the PRC building can improve seismic behaviour, with significant increases in horizontal strength. The cost of intervention is reduced, with a slight increase of less than 1% to almost 2% of the cost of the structure. From the derivation of seismic fragility functions for different retrofitting solutions level, the seismic risk analysis with dozens of existing PRC industrial buildings in Portugal points to a large reduction in economic losses as from retrofitted buildings, like an improvement of the seismic capacity of the buildings attributed to the retrofit systems considered. In general, among the different types of retrofit studied, there is an increase in the reduction of total economic losses, namely 49% when retrofitted with a 50% increase in horizontal strength, 58% when retrofitted with a 75% increase in horizontal strength and 64% for retrofitted with 100%.
Healthcare costs in relation to kidney function among older people: the SCOPE study
Authors: Balducci Francesco , Di Rosa Mirko , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Wirnsberger Gerhard , Mattace-Raso Francesco , Tap Lisanne , Formiga Francesc , Moreno-González Rafael , Kostka Tomasz , Guligowska Agnieszka , Artzi-Medvedik Rada , Melzer Itshak , Weingart Christian , Sieber Cornel , Ärnlöv Johan , Carlsson Axel C. , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Corsonello Andrea ,   the Screening for CKD among Older People across Europe (SCOPE) study investigators, Bustacchini Silvia , Bolognini Silvia , D’Ascoli Paola , Moresi Raffaella , Di Stefano Giuseppina , Giammarchi Cinzia , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Galeazzi Roberta , Lenci Federica , Della Bella Stefano , Bordoni Enrico , Provinciali Mauro , Giacconi Robertina , Giuli Cinzia , Postacchini Demetrio , Garasto Sabrina , Cozza Annalisa , Guarasci Francesco , D’Alia Sonia , Firmani Romano , Nacciariti Moreno , Fabbietti Paolo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In this study, a comprehensive analysis of costs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was performed, to understand factors associated with the economic burden of the disease in a multicentre international framework.

Methods
The impact on costs of demographics, socio-economics, clinical, and functional variables was tested in 2204 subjects aged 75 years or more attending outpatient clinics in Europe using a multicentre 2-year prospective cohort study. By means of collected resources consumption and unit cost data a comprehensive cost database was built and then investigated using multilevel regression modeling.

Results
Overall, hospitalization, medications and specialist visits were the main cost items, with a notable variability among countries. Estimated yearly costs were 4478€ ± 9804€, rising up to 6683€ ± 10,953€ for subjects with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 30. Costs increased significantly according to the severity of the disease, gender and age. Clinical and functional covariates were also significantly associated with CKD-related total costs, even after correcting for the inter-country variability.

Conclusion
Findings corroborate the importance of multidimensional assessment of participants with CKD, as multimorbidity and functional disability produce a detrimental impact on participant’s prognosis and cost of care. Preservation of functional impairment and adequate management of comorbidities may thus help decreasing the overall consumption on health care resources in CKD patients, especially in older people.
War, art, and sanctions: social network analysis on the NACP’s databases of sanctioned Russian individuals and art collectors
Authors: Leeson Madison , Giovanelli Riccardo , De Bernardin Michela , Traviglia Arianna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUntil March 2024, Ukraine’s National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) was tasked with maintaining databases of individuals sanctioned for their support of Russian military action in Ukraine and monitoring works of art owned by these individuals to prevent their being sold in violation of sanctions. The present study gathered data from the NACP’s War & Sanctions and War & Art databases through a combination of web scraping and API requests. These data were then examined using measures of network analysis (including degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, and clustering coefficient), which allowed the visualisation and statistical analysis of the network of Russian elite. This research is the first that has conducted scientific analysis on these datasets. Investigation determined that the social network of individuals in the upper strata of Russian society is vast and moderately centralised, with over a dozen clusters around influential Russian oligarchs, politicians, and celebrities. It also determined that art collectors have a more central role in this network than non-collectors of art. The network exhibits a clear presence of hubs and nodes with high degree centrality and a high degree-betweenness centrality correlation, indicating that information can flow quickly and efficiently. However, the network’s dependence on a few key individuals could constitute a vulnerability, with the extraction or isolation of these figures potentially disrupting the network’s function and coordination. This research also identified inconsistencies in the imposition of sanctions, creating grey areas that could allow the continued trade of cultural goods, potentially bypassing international restrictions.
Pedestrian safety alarm system based on binocular distance measurement for trucks using recognition feature analysis
Authors: Bao Tingting , Lin Ding , Zhang Xumei , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Kejia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs an essential part of modern smart manufacturing, road transport with large and heavy trucks has in-creased dramatically. Due to the inside wheel difference in the process of turning, there is a considerable safety hazard in the blind area of the inside wheel difference. In this paper, multiple cameras combined with deep learning algorithms are introduced to detect pedestrians in the blind area of wheel error. A scheme of vehicle-pedestrian safety alarm detection system is developed via the integration of YOLOv5 and an improved binocular distance measurement method. The system accurately measures the distance between the truck and nearby pedestrians by utilizing multiple cameras and PP Human recognition, providing real-time safety alerts. The experimental results show that this method significantly reduces distance measurement errors, improves the reliability of pedestrian detection, achieves high accuracy and real-time performance, and thus enhances the safety of trucks in complex traffic environments.
Solid waste-derived carbonaceous catalysts for environmental and energy applications
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Bing , Hassan Masud , Zou Qianqian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUrbanization and industrialization generate vast amounts of solid waste, posing significant threats to the biotic and abiotic components of the environment. Solid wastes-derived carbonaceous catalysts (SW-CCs) represent an effective strategy for resource utilization, and SW-CCs are gradually applied in environmental remediation and energy fields. However, the effects of the properties of SW-CCs on their catalytic activity remain inadequately understood. A comprehensive review of the applications of SW-CCs in environmental remediation and energy fields is yet to be achieved. It is necessary to systematically review the latest research progress of SW-CCs in environmental remediation and energy fields. First of all, this review summarizes the influences of various factors on the properties of SW-CCs and how these properties affect the catalytic activity. Subsequently, it explores the recent research progress and existing issues in the applications of SW-CCs in environmental remediation (persulfate activation, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like oxidation) and the energy sector (H2 production, biodiesel production, and CO2 conversion). Finally, future research prospects and recommendations are provided to facilitate further development and application of SW-CCs. This review offers new insights into the resource utilization of solid waste and the development of efficient and practical carbonaceous catalysts.
Graphical Abstract
Efficacy of fosaprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Luo Xiaolin , Fan Qisen , Zhou Sha , Kang Yinqian , Mo Zhongqiao , Luo Jierong , Zheng Bin , Lan Lan , Xie Jingdun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether adding fosaprepitant to palonosetron and dexamethasone is effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.

Methods
Eligible patients undergoing gynecological surgery were randomized into two groups (1:1). One group received fosaprepitant (150 mg) and the other (control) received a placebo infusion. Both groups received a single dose of palonosetron (0.25 mg) and dexamethasone (5 mg) together with therapeutic medication. The primary endpoint was the absence of vomiting and no use of rescue antiemetics during the first 24 h after surgery; complete response rate (CRR).

Results
CRR was significantly higher in the fosaprepitant group compared to the control group 0–24 h after surgery (P = 0.037; relative risk [RR], 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007 to 1.235). Moreover, CRR was also significantly higher during the 24–48 h (P = 0.004; RR, 1.148; 95% CI, 1.045 to 1.261) and 48–72 h (P = 0.039; RR, 1.083; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.168) observation periods respectively. The complete control rate was higher in the fosaprepitant group than in the control group during the 0–24 h observation period (P = 0.012; RR, 1.367; 95% CI, 1.067 to 1.751). Nausea and rescue antiemetic use were comparable between the two groups. The severity of vomiting was significantly higher in the fosaprepitant group than in the control group on the second day (P = 0.016). Dynamic pain visual analog scale score was lower in the fosaprepitant group and quality of recovery-15 scores were significantly higher in the same group during 0–24 h observation period (P = 0.018 and 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions
The triple combination of fosaprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone was superior in the prevention of PONV after gynecologic surgery in high-risk patients. We suggest that for high-risk patients, a triple combination therapy may be a better choice.

Trial registration
Registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171741) with No. ChiCTR2200060890 on June 13, 2022. Principal investigator: Jingdun Xie.
ENSO predictive analytics based on layered rendering
Authors: Liu Xingguo , Dong Junyu , Tao Shengen , Gao Feng , Gan Yanhai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic climate phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific that significantly influences global climate patterns. Accurate prediction and monitoring of ENSO events are essential for meteorological agencies and governmental institutions. This study introduces a content-guided attention module within a convolutional neural network to improve prediction accuracy. This module models inter-channel relationships and enhances information interaction by integrating channel and spatial attention weights. These advancements substantially improve prediction accuracy and help overcome the spring prediction barrier in ENSO forecasting. The research emphasizes global feature modeling and proposes a novel content-guided ENSO prediction model. It also includes an ocean data generation model utilizing global attention. Furthermore, a layered rendering technique is employed to invert ocean data, facilitating detailed analysis and contributing to the development of an ocean synthetic dataset.