bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescein-Guided Surgery for Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas: Preliminary Study and Technical Notes
Authors: Xue Zhan , Kong Lu , Pan Chang-cun , Wu Zhen , Zhang Jun-ting , Zhang Li-wei 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Brainstem gliomas (BsG) account for 10 to 15% of pediatric brain tumors. Surgery is the preferred treatment for focal and exophytic lesions. Sodium fluorescein has been proven safe and effective in resection of malignant brain tumors.
Objective The objective was to o analyze the safety and effectiveness of this approach, to evaluate intraoperative fluorescein imaging, and to measure the safety of chosen dose for pediatric patients.
Methods Twelve cases were enrolled between March 2014 and September 2016 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. All of the patients received 2.5 mg/kg of sodium fluorescein before opening the dura; the intraoperative fluorescence enhancement was observed, and the degree of satisfaction and consistency with the neuronavigation were evaluated.
Results With a mean age of 7.5 years, there were eight cases located within the pontine, three in the medullary oblongata, and one in the tectal plate. Histological results were astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and pilocytic astrocytoma. Under the fluorescein module of the microscope, the tumors were recognizable enough to help surgeons to discriminate the lesion from non-fluorescent tissue, with a consistency of 83% with the neuronavigation. Total removal was accomplished in nine cases, while the mean percentage of resection of the other cases was 93.7%. The Karnofsky performance score (KPS) showed no significant differences between pre-operation and discharge, but there was a difference between pre-operation and 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion The fluorescein-guided surgery is useful for demarcating the tumor margin and works well with other navigation and monitoring devices. A safe dose of sodium fluorescein (2.5 mg/kg) was proven effective for children.
Near-optimal matrix recovery from random linear measurements
Authors: Romanov Elad , Gavish Matan 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Various problems of science and engineering can be reduced to recovery of an unknown matrix from a small number of random linear measurements. We present two matrix recovery algorithms based on approximate message passing, a framework originally developed for sparse vector recovery problems. Our algorithms typically converge exponentially fast. Matrix recovery algorithms can be compared in terms of the number of measurements required for successful recovery. One of our algorithms requires the same number of measurements as the popular (but much slower) nuclear norm minimization algorithm, while the other, based on optimal singular-value shrinkage, requires a number of measurements close to the information-theoretic lower bound, making it near optimal.
Aerosol microdroplets exhibit a stable pH gradient
Authors: Wei Haoran , Vejerano Eric P. , Leng Weinan , Huang Qishen , Willner Marjorie R. , Marr Linsey C. , Vikesland Peter J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Aerosols with high water content (aerosol droplets) are ubiquitous and play a significant role in atmospheric chemistry and meteorology. However, directly measuring the pH of an individual aerosol droplet remains challenging due to its inaccessibility to pH electrodes. In this study, nanometer-sized pH probes were dispersed in droplets to report pH via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The droplet core exhibits higher pH than the bulk solution, suggesting the presence of a stable pH gradient. This in situ technique extends pH characterization to confined water environments and deepens our understanding of aerosol chemistry and the air/water interface.
Targeting β1-integrin inhibits vascular leakage in endotoxemia
Authors: Hakanpaa Laura , Kiss Elina A. , Jacquemet Guillaume , Miinalainen Ilkka , Lerche Martina , Guzmán Camilo , Mervaala Eero , Eklund Lauri , Ivaska Johanna , Saharinen Pipsa 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Compromised vascular integrity is associated with capillary leakage in sepsis, but effective therapies stabilizing the vasculature are lacking. Here, we show that targeting β1-integrin in vivo with inhibitory antibodies or deletion of a single allele of endothelial β1-integrin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular leakage in murine endotoxemia. The inflammatory agents IL-1β, thrombin, and LPS induced changes in endothelial cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion via β1-integrin, angiopoietin-2, and the adapter protein tensin-1, leading to increased endothelial cell contractility and permeability. These results indicate that β1-integrin actively promotes vascular leakage and that targeting β1-integrin signaling could be a novel means of achieving vascular stabilization in pathological vascular leak.
Symmetric shear banding and swarming vortices in bacterial superfluids
Authors: Guo Shuo , Samanta Devranjan , Peng Yi , Xu Xinliang , Cheng Xiang 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Bacterial suspensions can flow without apparent viscosity. Such a superfluid-like behavior stems from the collective motions of swimming bacteria. Here, we explore the microscopic flow profile of bacterial “superfluids” under simple shear. We find that, instead of deforming uniformly, bacterial superfluids develop multiple shear bands, i.e., regions with different shear deformations. We construct a simple model that quantitatively describes the shape of the shear-banding structure and reveals important physical properties of collective bacterial motions. Our study sheds light on complex interactions between swimming microorganisms and ambient fluid flows, crucial for the survival of microorganisms in nature and the manipulation of bacterial suspensions in engineering settings.
Design principles for photonic crystals based on plasmonic nanoparticle superlattices
Authors: Sun Lin , Lin Haixin , Kohlstedt Kevin L. , Schatz George C. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
In this article, we derive a set of design principles for making photonic crystals with desired photonic stopband properties by taking advantage of spacer group, a design parameter enabled by recent advances in bottom-up assembly processes. The concept of spacer groups is experimentally realized through DNA-programmable assembly of Au nanoparticles, showing that highly reflective structures can be generated with cubic lattices and flexible spacer groups that can enable lighter and more compact 3D photonic crystals with precisely designed and even reconfigurable photonic properties. It also allows one to explore the combined effects of both photonic bandgap and the plasmonic properties of NPs, which may prove useful in fields spanning plasmonic cavity structures, optical nanocircuits, subwavelength imaging, and low-loss metamaterials.
Large-scale replicated field study of maize rhizosphere identifies heritable microbes
Authors: Walters William A. , Jin Zhao , Youngblut Nicholas , Wallace Jason G. , Sutter Jessica , Zhang Wei , González-Peña Antonio , Peiffer Jason , Koren Omry , Shi Qiaojuan , Knight Rob , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Tringe Susannah G. , Buckler Edward S. , Dangl Jeffery L. , Ley Ruth E. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
In this very large-scale longitudinal field study of the maize rhizosphere microbiome, we identify heritable taxa. These taxa display variance in their relative abundances that can be partially explained by genetic differences between the maize lines, above and beyond the strong influences of field, plant age, and weather on the diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome. If these heritable taxa are associated with beneficial traits, they may serve as phenotypes in future breeding endeavors.
Developmental prosopagnosics have widespread selectivity reductions across category-selective visual cortex
Authors: Jiahui Guo , Yang Hua , Duchaine Bradley 
Published: June 2018

Significance
People with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) have extremely poor face recognition and even have problems recognizing the faces of family and close friends. We carried out a comprehensive investigation of the neural basis of DP by comparing brain responses to multiple visual categories in DPs and people with normal face processing. The DPs showed widespread abnormalities in areas specialized for face processing and areas that respond preferentially to scenes and bodies. The abnormalities in scene and body areas indicate cortical problems in many DPs extend beyond face areas and open the door to investigations of developmental disorders impacting recognition of categories other than faces.
How gender determines the way we speak about professionals
Authors: Atir Stav , Ferguson Melissa J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Across eight studies combining archival and experimental methods, we report evidence for a gender bias in how people speak about professionals. Men and women were, on average across studies, more than twice as likely to describe a male (vs. female) professional by surname in domains, such as science, literature, and politics. We find that this simple difference in reference affects judgments of eminence, with participants judging those professionals described by surname as more eminent and 14% more deserving of a career award. This gender bias may contribute to the gender gap in perceived eminence as well as in actual recognition and may partially explain the persistent state of women’s underrepresentation in high-status fields, including science, technology, engineering, and math.
Phosphatases control PKA-dependent functional microdomains at the outer mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Burdyga Alex , Surdo Nicoletta C. , Monterisi Stefania , Di Benedetto Giulietta , Grisan Francesca , Penna Elisa , Pellegrini Luca , Zaccolo Manuela , Bortolozzi Mario , Swietach Pawel , Pozzan Tullio , Lefkimmiatis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The selective phosphorylation of spatially distinct PKA targets is key for the pleiotropy of the cAMP cascade. This characteristic of the pathway is currently attributed to the ability of phosphodiesterases or adenylate cyclases to create subcellular sites (microdomains) where the concentration of cAMP is distinct from that of the surrounding areas. The role of phosphatases in this process has not been tested. Here we show that limited access of phosphatases to the PKA targets present at the outer mitochondrial membrane generates distinct microdomains of PKA phosphorylated proteins despite there being no differences in the local cAMP levels. These results describe an alternative mechanism capable of generating functional cAMP/PKA-dependent microdomains and may be extrapolated to the compartmentalization of other kinase-dependent events.
Formation of HONO from the NH3-promoted hydrolysis of NO2dimers in the atmosphere
Authors: Li Lei , Duan Zhiyao , Li Hui , Zhu Chongqin , Henkelman Graeme , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceAs the primary source of “detergent” OH radicals, nitrous acid (HONO) plays an essential role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Despite extensive studies, the source of HONO is still elusive. Although recent studies have shown the importance of reactive nitrogen compounds during aerosol formation, mechanistic insight into how these compounds react is still missing. Herein, based on Born–Oppenheimer molecular-dynamics simulations and free-energy sampling, we identified a formation mechanism for HONO via the NH3-promoted hydrolysis of NO2dimer (ONONO2) on water clusters/droplets. The near-spontaneous formation of HONO at the water–air interface sheds light on the catalytic role of water droplets in atmospheric chemistry. This finding provides not only a missing HONO source but also insight into HONO chemistry.
Marginalising homœopathy: an Australian case study
Authors: Greenland Joanne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Homœopathy, once an accepted form of medicine, is currently under attack in Australia, so much so that its very existence is threatened. To illustrate techniques of marginalisation of homœopathy in Australia, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) report of 2015 is examined. As there is no standard framework or classification of marginalisation techniques, boundary work ideas were used to suggest techniques used in the process of marginalisation. To condemn homœopathy, the NHMRC used at least eight techniques: authority, asserting protection of autonomy, exclusion, double standards, normalisation, denigration, censorship, expansion and diversion. The NHMRC report is a revealing example of how biomedicine uses various tactics to marginalise alternative therapies, thereby maintaining biomedicine’s dominant position.
Mortality and Risk of Cancer After Prophylactic Bilateral Oophorectomy in Women With a Family History of Cancer
Authors: Abildgaard Julie , Ahlström Magnus Glindvad , Daugaard Gedske , Nielsen Dorte Lisbet , Pedersen Anette Tønnes , Lindegaard Birgitte , Obel Niels 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Current international guidelines recommend systemic hormone therapy (HT) to oophorectomized women until the age of natural menopause. Despite an inherited predisposition to estrogen-dependent malignancies, the guidelines also apply to women oophorectomized because of a family history of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of HT on mortality and risk of cancer in women oophorectomized because of a family history of cancer.

Methods
A nationwide, population-based cohort was used to study women oophorectomized because of a family history of cancer (n = 2002). Comparison cohorts included women from the background population individually matched on age (n = 18 018). Oophorectomized women were subdivided into three groups: oophorectomized at 1) age 45 years or younger not using HT, 2) age 45 years or younger using HT, 3) older than age 45 years, and their respective population comparison cohorts.

Results
Women oophorectomized at age 45 years or younger using HT had increased overall mortality (mortality rate ratio [MRR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53 to 7.79), mortality because of cancer (MRR = 5.67, 95% CI = 1.86 to 17.34), and risk of overall cancer (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.93 − 6.98), primarily reflected in an increased risk of breast cancer (IRR = 4.88, 95% CI = 2.19 − 10.68). Women oophorectomized at age 45 years or younger not using HT and women oophorectomized at older than age 45 years did not have increased mortality, mortality because of cancer, or risk of overall cancer, but they had increased risk of breast cancer (IRR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.14 to 6.13, and IRR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.59, respectively).

Conclusions
Use of HT in women oophorectomized at age 45 years or younger with a family history of cancer is associated with increased mortality and risk of overall cancer and breast cancer. Our study warrants further investigation to establish the impact of HT on mortality and cancer risk in oophorectomized women with a family history of cancer.
ALMA view of the circumnuclear disk of the Galactic Center: tidally disrupted molecular clouds falling to the Galactic Center
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Uehara Kenta , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Miyoshi Makoto , Miyazaki Atsushi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present high angular resolution and high sensitivity images of the “circumnuclear disk” (CND) and the surrounding region of the Milky Way Galaxy in the CS J = 2–1, SiO v = 0 J = 2–1, H13CO+J = 1–0, C34S J = 2–1, and CH3OH $J_{K_a, K_c}=2_{1,1}$–11, 0A−− emission lines using ALMA. The CND is recognized as a torus-like molecular gas with gaps in these emission lines, except for the CH3OH emission line. The inner and outer radii of the CND are estimated to be Rin ∼ 1.5 and Rout ∼ 2 pc, respectively. The velocities of the rotation and radial motion are estimated to be Vrot ∼ 115 km s−1 and Vrad ∼ 23 km s−1, respectively. The LTE molecular gas mass is estimated to be MLTE ∼ 3 × 104 M⊙. We also found some anomalous molecular clouds in the surrounding region. One of the molecular clouds is positionally connected to part of the CND adjacent to the “western arc.” However, the cloud is seen to rotate in the opposite direction to the CND, so it could currently be falling from the outer region to the CND and being disrupted by the tidal shear of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) because the velocity is not yet assimilated into that of the CND. Another molecular cloud is continuously connected to the tip of the “eastern arm” (EA). The velocity of this cloud is consistent with that of the ionized gas in the EA. These facts suggest that the molecular cloud is falling from the outer region to the vicinity of Sgr A*, being disrupted by the tidal shear, and ionized by strong UV emission from the central cluster because the impact parameter of the cloud is smaller than the first cloud. These falling clouds would play an important role in transferring material from the outer region to the CND and/or the vicinity of Sgr A*.
Associations between family and home-related factors and child’s snack consumption in a multi-ethnic population
Authors: van Grieken Amy , Wang Lu , van de Gaar Vivian M , Jansen Wilma , Raat Hein 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Energy-dense snacks are considered unhealthy due to their high concentrations of fat and sugar and low concentrations of micronutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between family and home-related factors and children’s snack consumption. We explored associations within subgroups based on ethnic background of the child.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of 644 primary school children (mean age: 9.4 years, 53% girls) from the population-based ‘Water Campaign’ study conducted in the Netherlands were used. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between family and home-related factors and child’s snack intake.

Results
Of the children, 28.7% consumed more than one snack per day. Children of parents who expressed more restrictive parenting practices towards the child’s snack consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, P < 0.001), and who modelled snack eating less often (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001) had lower snack intake. Restrictive parenting practices and parental modelling of healthy snacking were significant for children with a Dutch or Moroccan/Turkish ethnic background, but not for children with a Surinamese/Antillean ethnic background.

Conclusions
We observed that parenting practices and parental modelling were independently associated with the child’s snack intake. Also, the relationships between these factors and the child’s snack consumption differed for children with distinct ethnic backgrounds.
Methamphetamine exposure triggers apoptosis and autophagy in neuronal cells by activating the C/EBPβ‐related signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Xiang , Huang Enping , Luo Baoying , Cai Dunpeng , Zhao Xu , Luo Qin , Jin Yili , Chen Ling , Wang Qi , Liu Chao , Lin Zhoumeng , Xie Wei‐Bing , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMethamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that primarily damages the nervous system, notably causing dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. CCAAT‐enhancer binding protein (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor and an important regulator of cell apoptosis and autophagy. Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP5) is a proapoptotic factor that mediates Meth‐induced neuronal apoptosis, and Trib3 (tribbles pseudokinase 3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐inducible gene involved in autophagic cell death through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. To test the hypothesis that C/EBPβ is involved in Meth‐induced IGFBP5‐mediated neuronal apoptosis and Trib3‐mediated neuronal autophagy, we measured the protein expression of C/EBPβ after Meth exposure and evaluated the effects of silencing C/EBPβ, IGFBP5, or Trib3 on Meth‐induced apoptosis and autophagy in neuronal cells and in the rat striatum after intrastriatal Meth injection. We found that, at relatively high doses, Meth exposure increased C/EBPβ protein expression, which was accompanied by increased neuronal apoptosis and autophagy; triggered the IGFBP5‐mediated, p53‐up–regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)‐related mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway; and stimulated the Trib3‐mediated ER stress signaling pathway through the Akt‐mTOR signaling axis. We also found that autophagy is an early response to Meth‐induced stress upstream of apoptosis and plays a detrimental role in Meth‐induced neuronal cell death. These results suggest that Meth exposure induces C/EBPβ expression, which plays an essential role in the neuronal apoptosis and autophagy induced by relatively high doses of Meth; however, relatively low concentrations of Meth did not change the expression of C/EBPβ in vitro. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of C/EBPβ in low‐dose Meth‐induced neurotoxicity.—Xu, X., Huang, E., Luo, B., Cai, D., Zhao, X., Luo, Q., Jin, Y., Chen, L., Wang, Q., Liu, C., Lin, Z., Xie, W.‐B., Wang, H. Methamphetamine exposure triggers apoptosis and autophagy in neuronal cells by activating the C/EBPβ‐related signaling pathway. FASEB J. 32, 6737–6759 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Lipin‐1 regulates Bnip3–mediated mitophagy in glycolytic muscle
Authors: Alshudukhi Abdullah A. , Zhu Jing , Huang Dengtong , Jama Abdulrahman , Smith Jeffrey D. , Wang Qing Jun , Esser Karyn A. , Ren Hongmei 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAutophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy) is essential for maintaining muscle mass and healthy skeletal muscle. Patients with heritable phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin‐1–null mutations present with severe rhabdomyolysis and muscle atrophy in glycolytic muscle fibers, which are accompanied with mitochondrial aggregates and reduced mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy as a result of lipin‐1 deficiency are still not clear. In this study, we found that lipin‐1 deficiency in mice is associated with a marked accumulation of abnormal mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles in glycolytic muscle fibers. Our studies using lipin‐1–deficient myoblasts suggest that lipin‐1 participates in B‐cell leukemia (BCL)‐2 adenovirus E1B19 kDa protein–interacting protein 3 (Bnip3)–regulated mitophagy by interacting with microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain (LC)3, which is an important step in the recruitment of mitochondria to nascent autophagosomes. The requirement of lipin‐1 for Bnip3–mediated mitophagy was further verified in vivo in lipin‐1–deficient green fluorescent protein‐LC3 transgenic mice (lipin‐1–/–‐GFP‐LC3). Finally, we showed that lipin‐1 deficiency in mice resulted in defective mitochondrial adaptation to starvation‐induced metabolic stress and impaired contractile muscle force in glycolytic muscle fibers. In summary, our study suggests that deregulated mitophagy arising from lipin‐1 deficiency is associated with impaired muscle function and may contribute to muscle rhabdomyolysis in humans.—Alshudukhi, A. A., Zhu, J., Huang, D., Jama, A., Smith, J. D., Wang, Q. J., Esser, K. A., Ren, H. Lipin‐1 regulates Bnip3–mediated mitophagy in glycolytic muscle. FASEB J. 32, 6796–6807 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Andreev bound states at spin-active interfaces
Authors: Beckmann D. , Hübler F. , Wolf M. J. , Löhneysen H. v. 
Published: June 2018

Andreev bound states are ubiquitous in superconducting hybrid structures. They are formed near impurities, in Josephson junctions, in vortex cores and at interfaces. At spin-active superconductor–ferromagnet interfaces, Andreev bound states are formed due to spin-dependent scattering phases. Spin-dependent phase shifts are an important ingredient for the generation of triplet Cooper pairs in superconductor–ferromagnet hybrid structures. Spectroscopy of Andreev bound states is a powerful probe of superconducting order parameter symmetry, as well as spin-dependent interface scattering and the triplet proximity effect.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Andreev bound states’.