bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐identifying residential mixing: Emergent identity dynamics between incomers and existing residents in a mixed neighbourhood in Northern Ireland
Authors: Stevenson Clifford , McNamara Niamh , Kellezi Blerina , Easterbrook Matthew , Shuttleworth Ian , Hyden Deborah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResearch on residential diversification has neglected its impact on neighbourhood identity and overlooked the very different identity‐related experiences of new and existing residents. The present research examines how incoming and established group members relate to their changing neighbourhood in the increasingly desegregated city of Belfast, Northern Ireland. Thematic analysis of interviews with 24 residents (12 Protestant long‐term residents, 12 Catholic incomers) from an increasingly mixed neighbourhood identified asymmetrical concerns and experiences: Incomers reported undergoing an ‘identity transition’ between local communities, while long‐term residents faced an ‘identity merger’ within their neighbourhood. Where their identity concerns diverged, emergent intergroup perceptions of the residents were negative and divisive; where they accorded, positive intergroup perceptions and a shared neighbourhood identity evolved. From this, we propose a Social Identity Model of Residential Diversification (SIMRD) to encourage future research into how different identity concerns shape emergent intergroup dynamics between long‐term residents and incomers within diversifying neighbourhoods.
Fabrication of Sulfonated Poly (ether ether ketone)/Sulfonated Fully Aromatic Polyamide Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)
Authors: Li Cuicui , Liu Xupo , Zhang Yunfeng , Dong Jiaming , Wang Jiaying , Yang Zehui , Cheng Hansong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA proton exchange membrane with low dimensional swelling and fuel crossover plays a critical role in improving the performance of fuel cells. Here, we present a facile way to overcome the high dimensional swelling and fuel crossover issues of the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes at a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) level by incorporation of sulfonated fully aromatic polyamide (S‐fa‐PA). A series of the S‐fa‐PA/SPEEK composite membranes (S‐fa‐PASPs) with various amount of the S‐fa‐PA were prepared. The influence of the S‐fa‐PA on thermal stability, mechanical stability, water uptake, dimensional swelling both in water and methanol aqueous solution, proton conductivity and methanol permeability was systematically investigated and compared. The excellent dimensional stabilities both in water and methanol aqueous solution of the S‐fa‐PASP membranes were obtained. The almost an order of magnitude lower methanol permeability than that of Nafion 117 was obtained for the S‐fa‐PASP membranes, suggesting that the study provides an effective approach for promoting the practical application of the SPEEK based membranes in DMFCs.
Comparative analysis of human and mouse transcriptional cofactors (TcoFs) with special emphasis on intrinsically disordered regions and their associated regulating post‐translational modifications
Authors: D Kamalesh , C Sudandiradoss 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDrugs targeting transcriptional cofactors (TcoFs) function well in mouse models but fail to replicate their efficacy in human beings. Thus, we performed a comparative study on the TcoFs of humans and mice to find the similarity and dissimilarity between them. We observed high similarity in protein sequence and interacting domains between humans and mice. At the same time, dissimilarity was gradually increased in terms of interacting motifs, post‐translational modifications, and molecular switches. Indeed, some of the post‐translational modifications and molecular switches present in human beings are preferentially exempted in mice. Thus, structure‐specific drugs designed to target TcoFs are functional in mice but fail in human beings, because the absence of some molecular switches in mice offers a particular conformation on the interacting motifs, which might facilitate drug binding. But in humans, owing to the presence of molecular switches, drug binding is not possible. From molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we inferred 8 different molecular switches on 3 proteins and found that 5 molecular switches influenced structural change in interacting motifs and revealed the reason for the functioning of drug in mice but not in human beings. From protein interaction network analysis, we find that a few interacting partners in mice are exempted in humans, and in both the cases the interacting partners are high when the domains are highly structured and the interacting partners are low when the domains are highly disordered. Hence, we are sure that our investigations will provide a promising support in future for designing drugs with high translational efficiency from mice models to human clinical trials.
Retracted: Baicalin prevents tumor necrosis factor‐α−induced apoptosis and dysfunction of pancreatic β‐cell line Min6 via upregulation of miR‐205
Authors: You Wenjun , Wang Kun , Yu Changhong , Song Lijuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBaicalin (BAI), one major flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis, possesses anticancer and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the effect of BAI on diabetes mellitus has not been investigated. This study explored the antidiabetic effect of BAI on pancreatic β‐cell line Min6. Min6 cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to mimic β‐cell destruction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effects of BAI on viability and apoptosis of Min6 cells were analyzed by the cell counting kit‐8 assay and Annexin V‐fluoresceine isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining method. The insulin secretion of Min6 cells was determined using radioimmunoassay. Expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3ʹ‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and nuclear factor ΚB (NF‐κB) pathways were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Relative microRNA‐205 (miR‐205) expression was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. TNF‐α treatment inhibited cell growth and insulin secretion, but promoted iNOS expression. All of these effects were reversed by BAI treatment. BAI promoted viability; suppressed apoptosis; regulated caspase‐3, B‐cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein; decreased iNOS level; and increased insulin production. BAI protected Min6 cells by upregulating miR‐205. Besides, the Min6 cell‐protective effect of BAI was PI3K/AKT pathway and NF‐κB pathway dependent. BAI activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibited the NF‐κB pathway by regulating miR‐205. In conclusion, BAI protected Min6 cells from TNF‐α‐induced injury by upregulating miR‐205, which acts, at least in part, via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and inactivation of the NF‐κB pathway.
MiR‐28‐5p relieves neuropathic pain by targeting Zeb1 in CCI rat models
Authors: Bao Yongfen , Wang Suhan , Xie Yushuang , Jin Kehua , Bai Yuting , Shan Shigang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as significant regulators of neuropathic pain. Moreover, neuroinflammation can contribute a lot to the progression of neuropathic pain. MiR‐28‐5p has been reported to be involved in many pathological diseases. However, little is known about the function of miR‐28‐5p in neuropathic pain development. Our current study was designed to investigate the biological roles of miR‐28‐5p in neuropathic pain in a rat model established by chronic sciatic nerve injury (CCI). Here, we observed that miR‐28‐5p was decreased in CCI rats. MiR‐28‐5p overexpression was able to alleviate neuropathic pain behaviors including mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Meanwhile, inflammation‐correlated biomarkers such as Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox‐2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β were greatly promoted in CCI rats and they were inhibited by miR‐28‐5p upregulation. In addition, zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) is a kind of transcription factor that is involved in various diseases. Here, in our study, Zeb1 was predicted as a downstream target of miR‐28‐5p. miR‐28‐5p can bind with the 3′‐untranslated region of Zeb1, which was validated by carrying out dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, we found that Zeb1 was significantly increased in CCI rats and miR‐28‐5p can modulate Zeb1 expression negatively. Theoverexpression of Zeb1 can disturb neuropathic pain development, which was repressed by the increase of miR‐28‐5p by upregulating Cox‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels. By taking all of these together, it was indicated in our study that miR‐28‐5p can reduce neuropathic pain progression by targeting Zeb1 in vivo. Our data implied that miR‐28‐5p/Zeb1 axis can be a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain treatment.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibited cancer stem cell–like properties by targeting hsa‐mir‐485‐5p/RXRα in lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Pan , Xu Chuyue , Chen Lijun , Chen Aochang , Wu Xiaoyue , Zhou Ming , Haq Ijaz Ul , Mariyam Zahula , Feng Qing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNon–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) appears to be a significant threat to public health worldwide. MicroRNAs have been identified as significant regulators for the development of NSCLC. Previous reports have suggested that hsa‐mir‐485‐5p is dysregulated in various cancers. RXRα, as a kind of nuclear receptor, is an effective target of cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as the main cause for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanism by which hsa‐mir‐485‐5p and RXRα modulate CSCs in NSCLC remains unknown. Here, we found that hsa‐mir‐485‐5p was decreased in serum samples from patients with NSCLC and NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), an effective anticancer compound extracted from green tea, can enhance hsa‐mir‐485‐5p expression. Hsa‐mir‐485‐5p mimics markedly inhibited NSCLC cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. However, inhibition of hsa‐mir‐485‐5p significantly enriched CSC‐like traits. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding correlation between hsa‐mir‐485‐5p and RXRα, which was confirmed by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. We observed that RXRα was increased in NSCLC and EGCG could inhibit RXRα levels dose dependently. In addition, RXRα upregulation or activation expanded the CSC‐like properties of NSCLC cells, whereas RXRα inhibition or inactivation could exert a reverse phenomenon. Consistently, in vivo experiments also validated that EGCG could repress the CSC‐like characteristics by modulating the hsa‐mir‐485‐5p/RXRα axis. Our findings may reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the treatment of NSCLC.
Association between neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and nutritional status in geriatric patients
Authors: Kaya Tezcan , Açıkgöz Seyyid Bilal , Yıldırım Mehmet , Nalbant Ahmet , Altaş Ayfer Erdoğan , Cinemre Hakan 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and presence of malnutrition have been found to be associated with mortality and morbidity in various clinical conditions. We investigated the association between NLR and nutritional status in geriatric patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 95 geriatric (age ≥ 65 years) patients from general internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, albumin, total cholesterol, body mass index, mid‐arm circumference, and calf circumference. NLR was calculated from the complete blood count results.ResultsA total of 59 patients were female, and the mean age was 73 ± 9.8 years. According to the MNA, 51.6% of patients had a normal nutritional status, and 48.4% were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The mean NLR of patients with malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was significantly higher than that of patients with normal nutritional status (P = 0.004). There was a negative correlation between NLRs and the MNA scores (r = −0.276, P = 0.007). Optimal NLR cutoff point for patients with malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was 1.81 with 71.7% sensitivity and 63.3% specificity [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.562‐0.780, P = 0.004]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated NLR was an independent factor in prediction of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition in geriatric patients.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that NLR was associated with the nutritional status of geriatric patients. NLR may be a useful nutritional marker for evaluating the nutritional status of geriatric outpatients.
Effects of retinoids on physiologic and inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in vitro
Authors: Lionikaite Vikte , Westerlund Anna , Conaway H Herschel , Henning Petra , Lerner Ulf H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Increased intake of vitamin A (retinoids) is associated with decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk in humans. Mechanistic studies in rodents have shown that hypervitaminosis A results in decreased bone mass caused by an increase in periosteal osteoclasts while simultaneously decreasing endocortic osteoclasts. In vivo and ex vivo bone organ cultures have demonstrated that excess retinoids increase osteoclast formation due to increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL) expression. In vitro, studies using murine bone marrow macrophages (BMM) have shown that retinoids inhibit osteoclast formation induced by recombinant RANKL. These opposing in vivo/ex vivo versus in vitro effects may elucidate why excess retinoids affect periosteal and endocortic osteoclast formation differently. In addition, it has been reported that retinoids can inhibit osteoclast formation under inflammatory conditions such as experimentally induced arthritis in mice. In the present study, we have compared the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on physiologically and inflammatory induced osteoclastogenesis. ATRA inhibited physiologically induced (RANKL) osteoclast formation of human peripheral blood monocytes and mouse BMM as well as human monocytes stimulated with the pro-inflammatory compounds, TNF-α and LPS. The inhibition was due to impeded differentiation, rather than fusion, of mononucleated progenitor cells. ATRA disrupted differentiation by interfering with osteoclastogenic intracellular signaling. In line with this view, overexpression of Tnfrsf11a (encodes for RANK) in BMM could not overcome the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by ATRA. The data suggest that ATRA inhibits both physiologic and inflammatory osteoclast differentiation of progenitors from the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Retinol inhibits physiological and inflammatory induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro through RARα due to the inhibition of differentiation of mononucleated progenitor cells.
Effects of Threat Context, Trauma History, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Status on Physiological Startle Reactivity in Gulf War Veterans
Authors: Niles Andrea N. , Luxenberg Adam , Neylan Thomas C. , Inslicht Sabra S. , Richards Anne , Metzler Thomas J. , Hlavin Jennifer , Deng Jersey , O'Donovan Aoife 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the current study, we explored exaggerated physiological startle responses in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and examined startle reactivity as a biomarker of PTSD in a large veteran sample. We assessed heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), and electromyographic (EMG) startle responses to acoustic stimuli under low‐, ambiguous‐, and high‐threat conditions in Gulf War veterans with current (n = 48), past (n = 42), and no history of PTSD (control group; n = 152). We evaluated PTSD status using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale and trauma exposure using the Trauma History Questionnaire. Participants with current PTSD had higher HR, ds = 0.28–0.53; SC, d = 0.37; and startle responses than those with past or no history of PTSD. The HR startle response under ambiguous threat best differentiated current PTSD; however, sensitivity and specificity analyses revealed it to be an imprecise indicator of PTSD status, ROC AUC = .66. Participants with high levels of trauma exposure only showed elevated HR and SC startle reactivity if they had current PTSD. Results indicate that startle is particularly elevated in PTSD when safety signals are available but a possibility of danger remains and when trauma exposure is high. However, startle reactivity alone is unlikely to be a sufficient biomarker of PTSD.
The Relative Impact of Traumatic Experiences and Daily Stressors on Mental Health Outcomes in Sri Lankan Adolescents
Authors: Ponnamperuma Thyagi , Nicolson Nancy A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrior trauma, current stress, and poor social support contribute to youth mental health problems. As daily stressors often increase in the aftermath of traumatic events, trauma could plausibly impact psychopathology not only directly but also indirectly via ongoing stress. In this study, we examined the relative roles of trauma and daily stressors in mental health outcomes in 753 Sri Lankan adolescents residing in areas impacted by the 2004 tsunami. In 2008, participants completed measures of trauma exposure, daily stressors, social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), emotional and behavioral problems (EBP), and functional impairment; a subsample (n = 89) repeated these assessments 16 months later. Regression models revealed positive associations between cumulative trauma and all three mental health measures. Significant variance in these associations could be explained indirectly, via daily stressors. For PTSS, the indirect effect accounted for 26.1% of the total effect of trauma, unstandardized coefficient ab = 0. 739, 95% CI [0.459, 1.122]. For EBP this percentage was 42.4%, ab = 0.287, 95% CI [0.189, 0. 404], and for functional impairment 70.0%, ab = 0.072, 95% CI [0.049, 0.121]. Indirect effects on impairment were strongest when perceived social support was low. Although we also present evidence that pathways between stressors and psychopathology may have been bidirectional, findings support the notion that adolescents' daily stressors are important transmitters of the impact of traumatic events and highlight the need for interventions focused not only on trauma processing but also on reducing current stress and improving social support.
Mapping the Mental Health of Residents After the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings
Authors: Jose Rupa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPostdisaster mental health is typically assessed and treated on an individual basis. Ecological assessments, however, can be a more cost‐effective means to identify and promote mental health after a disaster. In this study, the spatial patterning of acute stress scores, probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and fears and worries among a representative sample of Boston metropolitan area participants (N = 788) was examined using data collected 2–4 weeks to 2 years after the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings. Findings indicate significant clustering of acute stress scores, Moran's I = 0.24, z = 2.91, p = .004; fears and worries, Moran's I = 0.25, z = 2.39, p = .017; and probable PTSD at Wave 2, Moran's I = 0.49, z = 5.16; p < .001, and at Wave 5, Moran's I = 0.26, z = 2.51, p = .012, in the Boston metropolitan area, with high distress clusters found near downtown Boston and the attack site. These results suggest that disaster mental health is not uniformly distributed across space. Instead, patterns emerge to identify persons and neighborhoods at risk for poor mental health outcomes.
Predicting Avoidance Symptoms in U.S. Latino Youth Exposed to Community Violence: The Role of Cultural Values and Behavioral Inhibition
Authors: Schneider Aimee , Gudiño Omar G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNot all youth exposed to violence are at equal risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reflecting potential variability in risk factors influencing the development of PTSD beyond exposure to violence. In particular, Latino youth have been found to be at a higher risk for developing PTSD after exposure to violence. Similarly, youth with high levels of behavioral inhibition appear to be at greater risk of developing PTSD following exposure to violence. In this study, we examined how Latino cultural values might be associated with behavioral inhibition and how these two factors together may interact to predict risk for developing PTSD avoidance symptoms, specifically. Data from a longitudinal sample of 168 Latino adolescents (11–15 years of age) indicated that Latino values were positively associated with behavioral inhibition, r = .26, p < .001, and that Latino values moderated the association between behavioral inhibition and avoidance symptoms, β = .16, p = .009, such that the association was stronger as Latino cultural values increased. Results from this study highlight the importance of considering cultural, individual, and contextual factors for understanding risk for PTSD. Future research should further assess the biological and cultural correlates of behavioral inhibition in order to improve understanding of risk and increase effectiveness of individualized intervention approaches.
Real‐time Tracheal Ultrasound for the Confirmation of Endotracheal Intubations in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study
Authors: Arya Rohan , Schrift David , Choe Carol , Al‐Jaghbeer Mohammed 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesCurrent methods to confirm endotracheal tube (ETT) placement have varying degrees of effectiveness and time to completion. We aimed to study the accuracy of real‐time tracheal ultrasound (US) to confirm ETT placement in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.MethodsThis work was a prospective study completed at 2 academic tertiary care centers. Patients in the adult ICU requiring emergent intubation were enrolled in the trial. During the intubation process, a US team performed a tracheal US examination to determine, in real time, whether the ETT was placed into the trachea or the esophagus.ResultsA total of 75 patients were enrolled in the study and were available for analysis. There were 12 (16%) esophageal intubations and 63 (84%) tracheal intubations. One hundred percent of the tracheal intubations and 83% of the esophageal intubations were correctly identified. The positive and negative predictive values of US to detect an esophageal intubation were 100% and 97%, respectively.ConclusionsTracheal US can be highly accurate in identifying the location of the ETT, in real time, in ICU patients undergoing emergent intubation. Although our study shows a great potential of real‐time US use during emergent intubations, larger studies would be needed to further evaluate the accuracy of this technique.