bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Release of CXCL12 From Apoptotic Skeletal Cells Contributes to Bone Growth Defects Following Dexamethasone Therapy in Rats
Authors: Tang Qian , Su Yu-Wen , Fan Chia-Ming , Chung Rosa , Hassanshahi Mohammadhossein , Peymanfar Yaser , Xian Cory J 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Dexamethasone (Dex) is known to cause significant bone growth impairment in childhood. Although previous studies have suggested roles of osteocyte apoptosis in the enhanced osteoclastic recruitment and local bone loss, whether it is so in the growing bone following Dex treatment requires to be established. The current study addressed the potential roles of chemokine CXCL12 in chondroclast/osteoclast recruitment and bone defects following Dex treatment. Significant apoptosis was observed in cultured mature ATDC5 chondrocytes and IDG-SW3 osteocytes after 48 hours of 10−6 M Dex treatment, and CXCL12 was identified to exhibit the most prominent induction in Dex-treated cells. Conditioned medium from the treated chondrocytes/osteocytes enhanced migration of RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cells, which was significantly inhibited by the presence of the anti-CXCL12 neutralizing antibody. To investigate the roles of the induced CXCL12 in bone defects caused by Dex treatment, young rats were orally gavaged daily with saline or Dex at 1 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, and received an intraperitoneal injection of anti-CXCL12 antibody or control IgG (1 mg/kg, three times per week). Aside from oxidative stress induction systemically, Dex treatment caused reductions in growth plate thickness, primary spongiosa height, and metaphysis trabecular bone volume, which are associated with induced chondrocyte/osteocyte apoptosis and enhanced chondroclast/osteoclast recruitment and osteoclastogenic differentiation potential. CXCL12 was induced in apoptotic growth plate chondrocytes and metaphyseal bone osteocytes. Anti-CXCL12 antibody supplementation considerably attenuated Dex-induced chondroclast/osteoclast recruitment and loss of growth plate cartilage and trabecular bone. CXCL12 neutralization did not affect bone marrow osteogenic potential, adiposity, and microvasculature. Thus, CXCL12 was identified as a potential molecular linker between Dex-induced skeletal cell apoptosis and chondroclastic/osteoclastic recruitment, as well as growth plate cartilage/bone loss, revealing a therapeutic potential of CXCL12 functional blockade in preventing bone growth defects during/after Dex treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU)-Induced Tyr265Stop Mutation of the DNA Polymerase Accessory Subunit Gamma 2 (Polg2) Is Associated With Renal Calcification in Mice
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M , Ahmad Bushra N , Stechman Michael J , Loh Nellie Y , Hough Tertius A , Leo Paul , Marshall Mhairi , Sethi Siddharth , Bentley Liz , Piret Sian E , Reed Anita , Jeyabalan Jeshmi , Christie Paul T , Wells Sara , Simon Michelle M , Mallon Ann-Marie , Schulz Herbert , Huebner Norbert , Brown Matthew A , Cox Roger D , Brown Steve D , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Renal calcification (RCALC) resulting in nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, which affects ∼10% of adults by 70 years of age, involves environmental and genetic etiologies. Thus, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis occurs as an inherited disorder in ∼65% of patients, and may be associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders including: primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalciuria, renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, and hyperoxaluria. Investigations of families with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis have identified some causative genes, but further progress is limited as large families are unavailable for genetic studies. We therefore embarked on establishing mouse models for hereditary nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis by performing abdominal X-rays to identify renal opacities in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutagenized mice. This identified a mouse with RCALC inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, designated RCALC type 2 (RCALC2). Genomewide mapping located the Rcalc2 locus to a ∼16-Mbp region on chromosome 11D-E2 and whole-exome sequence analysis identified a heterozygous mutation in the DNA polymerase gamma-2, accessory subunit (Polg2) resulting in a nonsense mutation, Tyr265Stop (Y265X), which co-segregated with RCALC2. Kidneys of mutant mice (Polg2+/Y265X) had lower POLG2 mRNA and protein expression, compared to wild-type littermates (Polg2+/+). The Polg2+/Y265X and Polg2+/+ mice had similar plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, chloride, urea, creatinine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase activity; and similar urinary fractional excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, and protein. Polg2 encodes the minor subunit of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase and the mtDNA content in Polg2+/Y265X kidneys was reduced compared to Polg2+/+ mice, and cDNA expression profiling revealed differential expression of 26 genes involved in several biological processes including mitochondrial DNA function, apoptosis, and ubiquitination, the complement pathway, and inflammatory pathways. In addition, plasma of Polg2+/Y265X mice, compared to Polg2+/+ littermates had higher levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, our studies have identified a mutant mouse model for inherited renal calcification associated with a Polg2 nonsense mutation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder and interpersonal outcomes: The role of social acknowledgment and trauma type
Authors: Kern Shira M. , Stacy Stephanie E. , Kozina Ryan M. , Ripley Adam J. , Clapp Joshua D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesResearch demonstrates consistent relations between posttrauma symptoms and interpersonal dysfunction. The current study examined the extent to which perceptions of community rejection account for the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and interpersonal outcomes in students exposed to assaultive and nonassaultive trauma.MethodParticipants (N = 137; 66.4% female; M = 20 years) completed a trauma history interview, questionnaires assessing symptom severity, social disapproval, and interpersonal outcomes.ResultsAssault survivors (n = 83) reported greater symptoms (d = 0.57), disapproval (d = 0.80), and social impairment (d = 0.51) relative to the nonassault group (n = 54). However, regression analyses indicated stronger associations between PTSD and community disapproval in survivors of nonassaultive (β = 0.69; p < 0.001) versus assaultive (β = 0.34; p < 0.001) events. Indirect effects of PTSD on perceived support and interpersonal functioning through social disapproval were also larger for nonassaultive versus assaultive groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionDespite greater dysfunction among assault survivors, perceptions of disapproval may be a more salient factor for interpersonal dynamics following nonassaultive trauma.
Mechanism of adsorption of tetracycline–Cu multi‐pollutants by graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Authors: Zhao Chuanqi , Hong Peidong , Li Yajuan , Song Xiaoming , Wang Yinggang , Yang Yuesuo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption of single pollutants onto graphene oxide (GO), such as heavy metals or organics, has been widely investigated, however, the simultaneous removal of the antibiotic–heavy metal multi‐pollutants from the intensive livestock and poultry industry has been investigated little. In this study, the GO/reduced GO(rGO) were prepared as adsorbent and the adsorption performance of tetracycline (TC), Cu2+, and the multi‐pollutants TC–Cu were investigated.RESULTSThe GO surface was abundant in oxygen‐containing functional groups but was affected by a reduction effect, and thus rGO lost a large amount of –OH. In the presence of Cu2+, GO's adsorption quantity of TC increased by 96.64%, which was considerably higher than the increase (23.31%) observed in the case of rGO. In contrast, the adsorptivity of GO/rGO in Cu2+ increased slightly with the addition of TC. Further, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the Cu2+ participated in a bridging interaction between TC and the adsorbent, forming a complexation TC–Cu.CONCLUSIONGO and rGO showed favorable adsorption of TC, Cu2+, and TC–Cu. The adsorption capacity of multi‐pollutants was increased compared with individual adsorption, indicating a cooperative adsorption between the TC and Cu2+. The adsorption mechanism mainly included π–π conjugation, electrostatic interactions, and the bridge connection by Cu2+, which contributed to the performance of GO/rGO with respect to the adsorption of the antibiotic–heavy metal multi‐pollutants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound simulation utilization among point of care ultrasound users: Results of a survey
Authors: Damewood Sara C. , Lewiss Resa E. , Huang Jennifer V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeWhile ultrasound simulation devices have long been available as adjuncts to ultrasound education, it is unclear how they are used. We conducted a survey to determine the current utilization of emergency point‐of‐care ultrasound simulation and describe the current trends in the use of ultrasound simulation.MethodsA survey was sent to 1270 members of the American College of Emergency Physicians Ultrasound Section via email. The survey listed 23 questions that queried how survey participants used ultrasound simulation devices.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐one survey responses were collected. The majority of survey respondents (83%) indicated that ultrasound simulation devices are available at their institution, with nearly half (45%) survey participants reporting both high‐ and low‐fidelity ultrasound simulators available, and fewer describing low‐fidelity simulators only (33%) or high‐fidelity simulators only (5%). Most respondents (84%) with ultrasound simulators use them for training residents, students, fellows, and faculty. Only 20% of survey participants use ultrasound simulators for credentialing purposes.ConclusionsUltrasound simulation devices are widespread amongst our survey respondents, who represent a small percentage of the ACEP ultrasound section. Ultrasound simulators are used to help ultrasound learners at various levels of training.
Potential causes of insufficient bladder contrast opacification and premature microbubble destruction during contrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography in children
Authors: Ključevšek Damjana , Pečanac Olivera , Tomažič Mojca , Glušič Mojca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) has been recognized as a child‐friendly examination with high diagnostic accuracy for vesicoureteric reflux detection. A single bolus and the infusion techniques of ceVUS are described. Insufficient bladder contrast opacification during the filling phase and premature destruction of SonoVue microbubbles might occur. Data regarding SonoVue's features, doses, bladder contrast opacification, US bladder parameters, urine catheter, antibiotic prophylaxis, and childrens behaviors were collected to discover the possible causes of the contrast vanishing observed during bladder filling in 10% of examinations and in the later phase of ceVUS in 5% of examinations. An updated ceVUS examination protocol is suggested.
The coexistence of left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy, significant coronary artery disease and massive thrombus formation in left ventricular cavity: A rare case report
Authors: Taghavi Morteza , Ghaemian Ali , Nabati Maryam , Farsavian Aliasghar , Shokri Mojtaba 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐compaction of the left‐ventricular myocardium is an extremely rare cardiomyopathy. The most common clinical manifestations are heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. The condition is diagnosed by two‐dimensional echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging. We report a rare case of a 55‐year‐old man with coexistence of left ventricular non compaction cardiomyopathy, significant coronary artery disease and massive thrombus formation within recesses in left ventricular cavity.
Bounded diameter arboricity
Authors: Merker Martin , Postle Luke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe introduce the notion of bounded diameter arboricity. Specifically, the diameter‐ arboricity of a graph is the minimum number such that the edges of the graph can be partitioned into forests each of whose components has diameter at most . A class of graphs has bounded diameter arboricity if there exists a natural number such that every graph in the class has diameter‐ arboricity at most . We conjecture that the class of graphs with arboricity at most has bounded diameter arboricity at most . We prove this conjecture for by proving the stronger assertion that the union of a forest and a star forest can be partitioned into two forests of diameter at most 18. We use these results to characterize the bounded diameter arboricity for planar graphs of girth at least for all . As an application we show that every 6‐edge‐connected planar (multi)graph contains two edge‐disjoint ‐thin spanning trees. Moreover, we answer a question by Mütze and Peter, leading to an improved lower bound on the density of globally sparse Ramsey graphs.
Predictive factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography in patients with HIV mono‐infection under long‐term combined antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Perazzo Hugo , Cardoso Sandra W , Yanavich Carolyn , Nunes Estevão P , Morata Michelle , Gorni Nathalia , da Silva Paula Simplicio , Cardoso Claudia , Almeida Cristiane , Luz Paula , Veloso Valdilea G , Grinsztejn Beatriz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis and can be associated with fibrosis progression, development of cirrhosis and liver‐related complications. Data on the prevalence of liver fibrosis and steatosis in HIV patients remain contradictory in resource‐limited settings. We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with HIV mono‐infection under long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsClinical assessment, fasting blood collection and liver stiffness measurement (LSM)/controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) by transient elastography were performed on the same day for this cross‐sectional study (PROSPEC‐HIV study; NCT02542020). Patients with viral hepatitis co‐infection, ART‐naïve or missing data were excluded. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were defined by LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa and CAP ≥ 248 dB/m respectively. HIV history, cumulative and current ART regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were performed.ResultsIn total, 395 patients (60% female; median age of 45 (IQR, 35 to 52) years, body mass index = 25.7 (23.2 to 29.4) kg/m2, alanine aminotransferase = 30 (23 to 42) IU/L, duration of ART for 7 (4 to 14) years) were included. LSM and CAP were reliable in 93% (n = 367) and 87% (n = 344) respectively. The prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis were 9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7 to 13) and 35% (95% CI, 30 to 40) respectively. The following factors were associated with fibrosis (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)): older age (per 10 years; 1.80 (1.27 to 2.55); p = 0.001) and CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3 (7.80 (2.09 to 29.09), p = 0.002). Type 2 diabetes had a trend towards the presence of liver fibrosis (2.67 (0.96 to 7.46), p = 0.061). Central obesity (10.74 (4.40 to 26.20), p < 0.001), type 2 diabetes (9.74 (3.15 to 30.10), p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (2.61 (1.35 to 5.05), p = 0.003) and metabolic syndrome (4.28 (2.45 to 7.46), p < 0.001) were associated with steatosis. A dominant backbone ART regimen of zidovudine (AZT), d4T, ddI or ddC was associated with steatosis (1.90 (1.07 to 3.38), p = 0.028) independently of metabolic features.ConclusionIntegrated strategies for preventing non‐communicable diseases in people with HIV mono‐infection are necessary to decrease the burden of liver diseases.Clinical Trial Number: NCT02542020.
Repeated isoflurane in adult male mice leads to acute and persistent motor decrements with long‐term modifications in corpus callosum microstructural integrity
Authors: Bajwa Nikita M. , Lee Jeong B. , Halavi Shina , Hartman Richard E. , Obenaus Andre 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIsoflurane is a commonly used inhalational anesthetic, clinically and in animal experimental studies. Although it has been reported as safe, recent findings suggest that despite widespread use, isoflurane‐induced inhalational anesthesia can lead to various pathophysiological and cognitive alterations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the long‐term behavioral and white matter consequences of repeated isoflurane exposure. Twenty 3‐month‐old C57BL/6J male mice received one exposure of isoflurane for 40 min or 2 exposures to isoflurane separated by 3 days. Behavioral paradigms (open field, balance beam, foot fault, rotarod, elevated zero maze, tail suspension, water maze, and social recognition tests) were administered at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 90 days post exposure. Animals exposed to repeated isoflurane showed significant motor deficits on the balance beam and increased anxiety‐like behavior. Animals exposed to single isoflurane showed impaired performance on the foot fault test. Diffusion tensor imaging showed that repeated isoflurane exposure led to long‐term disruption of water diffusivity in corpus callosum (CC) white matter. Furthermore, 2‐D structure‐tensor analysis from stained brain sections showed differences in the microstructural organization of CC white matter in mice with single versus repeated isoflurane exposures. These results suggest that behavioral deficits observed up to 90 days after repeated isoflurane exposure resulted from, at least in part, altered CC white matter microstructural integrity.
Pembrolizumab: a case of drug‐induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus and colitis
Authors: Singh Nikhil R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppressive molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4), programmed cell death protein (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) are markedly overexpressed in the tumour microenvironment, providing a means for immune escape. Targeting these molecules, novel immunotherapies manipulate the host immune system to better detect and kill cancer cells. This paper describes a case of drug‐induced autoimmune colitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) attributed to pembrolizumab.Clinical detailsA 70‐year‐old male presented with a 1‐week history of diarrhoea, vomiting, mucositis and loss of appetite following his third treatment with pembrolizumab infusion for metastatic melanoma. The patient's pathology results and clinical symptoms were consistent with a diagnosis of colitis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).OutcomesThe patient's symptoms resolved with interventions from the intensive care unit (ICU), endocrinology and gastroenterology teams. Due to the severity of the adverse drug reaction, pembrolizumab was ceased. The patient was discharged from the hospital with insulin for his T1DM and a 1‐month course of weaning prednisolone for his colitis.ConclusionThe potential for autoimmune side effects associated with pembrolizumab may not be fully recognised by all clinicians. This case report highlights the potential for serious adverse events and serves to demonstrate the requirement for clinicians to develop a routine approach for early identification and management of these events.
Screening of Musa balbisiana Colla. seeds for antidiabetic properties and isolation of apiforol, a potential lead, with antidiabetic activity
Authors: Gopalan Greeshma , Prabha Bernard , Joe Alfred , Reshmitha Thankappan R , Sherin Daisy R , Abraham Billu , Sabu Mamiyil , Manojkumar Thanathu K , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil V , Nisha Prakasan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Phytonutrients’ have been reported to exert an incredible impact on the healthcare system and offer medical benefits including the prevention or treatment of lifestyle‐associated diseases. We chose one of the most common and important plant families, Musaceae, for our present study and explored its antidiabetic potential.RESULTSSeeds of the edible fruits of Musa balbisiana Colla. were investigated for their antidiabetic potential. After estimating the proximate composition, the seeds were extracted with various solvents and evaluated for antidiabetic potential in terms of the inhibition of digestive enzymes, antiglycation activity and in vitro glucose uptake. The acetone extract demonstrated the highest inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes with IC50 values of 36.67 ± 0.367 and 100.61 ± 0.707 µg mL–1, respectively. The extract also exhibited significant glycation inhibition with an IC50 value of 86.48 ± 0.751 µg mL–1. Furthermore, a major phytochemical, apiforol, was isolated from the acetone extract for the first time, which demonstrated promising α‐glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 48.25 ± 0.255 µmol L–1), antiglycation property (IC50 = 114.23 ± 0.567 µmol L–1) and enhanced glucose uptake in L6 myoblasts. In molecular docking studies, apiforol efficiently bonded to the active sites of α‐glucosidase enzyme 3A4A.CONCLUSIONSAs dietary intervention is one of the effective strategies for addressing diabetes, special attention is always given to natural food bio‐actives or agro‐products for better human health. The results of our study suggest that Musa balbisiana has significant potential as an ingredient in health food formulations by reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of processing on quality attributes and phenolic profile of quince dried bar snack
Authors: Torres Carolina A , Sepúlveda Gloria , Concha‐Meyer Anibal A 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFruit and vegetable processing can often alter and damage antioxidants. Phenolic compounds, which are major antioxidants in these products, can suffer dissociation and changes in their concentration. Quince is an excellent source of antioxidants, with health‐improving potential for consumers. The phenolic profile (by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry) and quality attributes (pH, soluble solids, acidity, water activity) were determined for processed quince products (fresh fruit puree, cooked puree and dried bars), in addition to the effect of puree cooking time (5, 10, 15 and 20 min).RESULTSSoluble solids in purees averaged 14.4 °Brix and increased to 75 °Brix in bars, as did titratable acidity, reaching 1.5 g malic acid kg−1 fresh weight after 20 min of cooking at 120 °C. Quercetin, p‐coumaric acid and trans‐cinnamic acid were predominant in fresh fruit puree. Thermal processing significantly increased the concentration of p‐coumaric acid, trans‐cinnamic acid, apigenin and quercetin, and decreased gallic acid. This increase was 242%, on average, for all of them when comparing fresh fruit puree with bars on a fresh weight basis, demonstrating their concentration throughout the dehydration process during bar production.CONCLUSIONAlthough a minimum puree cooking time of 5 min was sufficient to obtain the highest concentration of most phenolics, p‐coumaric acid showed a higher concentration after 20 min of cooking. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry