bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative investigation of perceived barriers to and enablers of sport participation for young people with first episode psychosis
Authors: Brooke Lauren E. , Gucciardi Daniel F. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Lin Ashleigh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim and objective of the study was building on a previous call for the development of sport‐based life skills interventions for young people with first episode of psychosis (FEP) (Brooke, Lin, Ntoumanis, & Gucciardi, 2018), to explore the barriers and enablers to sport participation for young people with FEP.MethodWe used a semi‐structured interview format to conduct one‐to‐one interviews with young people (aged 16‐25; n = 10) with FEP, and one‐to‐one interviews and focus groups with their clinicians (n = 33). Questions focused on barriers and facilitators (intrapersonal, interpersonal, psychological, environment, health/safety, logistical) to sport participation young people with FEP. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour themes (and 11 sub‐themes) emerged from the analysis: (a) the need for sport in FEP recovery (perceived benefits; resource gap); (b) barriers (logistical; psychological); (c) enablers (positive environmental expectations and experiences) and (d) programme design (sport programme/type; life skills training; application to barriers/enablers).ConclusionThe participants responded favourably to the idea of using sport to promote recovery post‐FEP, and provided an insight into why sport is currently underutilized within FEP recovery efforts. The barriers, enablers, and specific suggestions for how to limit the barriers and strengthen the enablers are valuable for sport‐based intervention design, and may be applicable to non‐sport‐based interventions for people with FEP.
Form and content of attenuated psychotic symptoms in psychometrically assessed positive and negative schizotypy
Authors: Trask Christi L. , Cohn Jonathan R. , Paxson Aaliyah M. , Hansen Geoffrey S. , Cicero David C. 
Published: July 2019

AimGreater attention is being paid to early detection and identification of individuals who are at high risk of developing psychosis. One area of interest is the particular content types of psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs), which can be thought of as attenuated, non‐clinical positive symptoms (eg, feeling perplexed by reality). Previous research has examined content of PLEs in clinical high‐risk samples. The current study aimed to build upon these findings by analysing content in a psychometrically determined high‐risk sample.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐three undergraduates with scores greater than 1.96 SDs above the mean on a measure of schizotypy symptoms participated in a semi‐structured interview for the assessment of prodromal syndromes. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and content of PLEs was rated according to the Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms scale.ResultsFrequencies of content items in the psychometric high‐risk sample were similar to those found in a clinical high‐risk sample. Multiple regression analyses revealed that certain content items were more predictive of decreased global functioning and increased positive symptom severity.ConclusionsContent items that were associated with worse outcomes may be cause for greater concern if endorsed by individuals presenting for treatment. Future research should examine content of PLEs in a longitudinal design to determine whether particular items could predict subsequent conversion to a schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder.
Modulatory effect of curcumin analogs on the activation of metalloproteinases in human periodontal stem cells
Authors: Boșca Adina B. , Ilea Aranka , Sorițău Olga , Tatomir Corina , Miklášová Natalia , Pârvu Alina E. , Mihu Carmen M. , Melincovici Carmen S. , Fischer‐Fodor Eva 
Published: July 2019

Periodontitis progresses due to increased levels of active metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Natural curcumin limits the lytic activity of MMPs but has low cellular uptake. Use of synthetic curcumin analogs could be a means of overcoming this limitation of treatment efficiency. Human periodontal stem cells were isolated from gingival tissue, gingival ligament fibers, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The effect of five synthetic curcumin analogs was compared with that of natural curcumin by assessing cytotoxicity [by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay], the cellular uptake (by fluorometry), the proteolytic activities of MMP‐2 and ‐9 (by zymography), and the levels of TIMP‐1 (by ELISA). Our results indicated increased cytotoxicity of synthetic curcumins for doses between 100 and 250 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, cellular uptake of synthetic curcumins varied depending on their chemical structure. The curcumin compounds modulated pro‐MMP‐2 levels and increased TIMP‐1 production. There was no detectable synthesis of pro‐MMP‐9 and no activation of MMPs 2 and 9. Gingival tissue and gingival ligament fiber stem cells were most responsive to treatment, showing inverse correlations between pro‐MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 levels. In conclusion, synthetic curcumins influenced the balance between pro‐MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 in human periodontal stem cells in vitro, and this could open perspectives for their application as adjuvants in periodontal therapy.
Development and implementation of an expert rule set for automated reflex testing and validation of routine coagulation tests in a large pathology network
Authors: Mohammed Soma , Ule Priebbenow Violeta , Pasalic Leonardo , Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionHaemostasis laboratories play a critical role in diagnosis and treatment of individuals with bleeding or thrombotic disorders. Routine coagulation assays such as prothrombin time (PT)/ international normalized ratio (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), are used in monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, as provided for treatment/prevention of thromboembolic disease, and also inform on potential haemostasis dysfunction. Increasing pressure is applied on clinical laboratories to improve response (test turnaround) times, reduce error rates and standardize policies. To this end, we describe our experience with the development and implementation of an automated process for reflex testing and validation of routine coagulation test results in a large pathology network compromising 27 laboratories.MethodsCustom‐built expert rules were created to perform reflex testing and fully automate routine test validation. These rules were developed/implemented over a 15‐month period, including 6 months for development/ testing and 9 months for training/implementation of >100 personnel at 27 sites.ResultsThese rules have enabled adherence of standardized pre‐analytical (sample integrity) checks, automated reflex decisions, automated verification and overall alignment of network practices. In addition, clinically significant results are immediately referred to haematologists. We report an improvement in test turnaround times, also reflecting savings in operator time.ConclusionThe process was generally well received and generally beneficial to most laboratories in the network.
Performance evaluation of Revohem™ FVIII chromogenic and Revohem™ FIX chromogenic in the CS‐5100 autoanalyser
Authors: Suzuki Atsuo , Suzuki Nobuaki , Kanematsu Takeshi , Shinohara Sho , Arai Nobuo , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Matsushita Tadashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionChromogenic substrate assay (CSA) reagents Revohem™ FVIII and Revohem™ FIX are now available as in vitro diagnostic reagents for autoanalysers in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the performance of these reagents in the CS‐5100 automated coagulation analyser.MethodsWe assessed within‐run and between‐day imprecision, on‐board stability and frozen‐storage stability of Revohem FVIII and FIX. Sensitivity to lupus anticoagulant (LA) was examined using LA‐positive patient plasma. Correlations were analysed using plasma samples from normal individuals and patients with haemophilia A (HA) or B (HB) or von Willebrand disease (VWD).ResultsImprecision was <2% for Revohem FVIII and <6.5% for Revohem FIX. On‐board storage of Revohem FVIII resulted in a <10% decrease in FVIII levels from baseline at 24 hours, whereas Revohem FIX showed a >10% decrease at 8 hours. Revohem FVIII showed good stability while frozen for 22 days. Although Revohem FIX showed degradation due to freeze‐thawing, a new calibration improved stability up to 22 days. Interference from LA was not observed with Revohem FVIII or FIX. The FVIII CSA‐CSA correlation was excellent in normal (r = 0.9924), HA (r = 0.9945) and VWD (r = 0.9914). The FVIII CSA‐OSA correlation was good in normal (r = 0.8468) and excellent in HA (r = 0.975) and VWD (r = 0.9936). The FIX CSA‐OSA correlation was fair in normal (r = 0.4791) and excellent in HB (r = 0.9501).ConclusionRevohem FVIII and FIX both showed excellent performance in the CS‐5100 analyser. These reagents could be useful in routine laboratory testing for diagnosing and treating haemophilia.
Manufacturer defensive and offensive advertising in competing distribution channels
Authors: Martín‐Herrán Guiomar , Sigué Simon P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates how two competing manufacturers should invest in defensive and offensive advertising in a two‐segment market and whether they should each adopt a decentralized or an integrated channel if their goal is to maximize total channel profits. We find that manufacturers in decentralized channels can exclusively undertake either of the two types of advertising or combine the two at the equilibrium. In integrated channels, they can either combine the two or exclusively undertake defensive advertising. When multiple equilibria exist, strategies that combine both types of advertising should be preferred to exclusive defensive advertising strategies, which are better than exclusive offensive advertising strategies. Also, total channel profits are higher in decentralized channels than in integrated channels when the brands are moderately or highly substitutable. Conversely, total channel profits of integrated channels are higher than those of decentralized channels in areas where the brands are relatively differentiated and the offensive advertising retaliatory capacity of the rival is stronger. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Retinal development in mandarinfishSiniperca chuatsiand morphological analysis of the photoreceptor layer
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Zhao Jinliang , Hao YueYue , Cao Xiaoyin , Zhao Yan , Tang Shoujie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe the process of retinal development in mandarinfishSiniperca chuatsifrom larvae to young fish. The developmental characteristics of the retinal structure and related cells were identified.Siniperca chuatsiwere found to exhibit an altricial mode of retinal development that required considerable time to be completed after hatching. The retina was classed as a pure cone type during the early developmental stage. In the subsequent developmental stages, however, double cones gradually occupied the majority of the cone cells, while rod cells represented the majority of the photoreceptor cells. The outer segment (OS) of the rod cells were significantly longer compared with other morphological features, the OS of the two kinds of cone cells were significantly elongated and the diameters of the inner segment (IS) and OS of the double cone cells were significantly narrower in the later developmental stages. Combined with the scattered arrangement of cone cells at the different stages, the retina was found to have sacrificed a considerable part of visual acuity in the developmental process. The distribution of cone cells was observed to have gradually become regionalised during development. The findings of the present study also indicated thatS. chuatsihave a high photosensitivity under dim light conditions as a result of specialised structures of the OS of photoreceptor cells and an increased number of rod cells. The loose arrangement of the cone mosaic presumably resulted in a poor imaging quality and, to some extent, the regionalisation of the cone‐cell distribution compensated for the above shortcomings, which would enhance the ability ofS. chuatsito perceive targets in important directions for effective predation behaviour.
A new species of Trichomycterus Valenciennes 1832 (Trichomycteridae: Siluriformes) from the Rio Doce drainage with remarkable similarities with Bullockia and a CT‐scan survey
Authors: Reis Vinícius J. C. , de Pinna Mário C. C. , Pessali Tiago C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new species of Trichomycterus is described from rocky and psammic sectors near the main channel of the middle and upper Rio Doce basin in Southeastern Brazil. Trichomycterus astromycterus n. sp., is distinguished from all congeners by a number of autapomorphic characters, such as the distally expanded maxilla; the short and thick mesethmoid cornua; and the elongated anterior process of the vomer. Additional characters (short barbels, large head, 33 vertebrae, ii+8 or ii+9 dorsal‐fin rays, nine dorsal‐fin pterygiophores, markedly enlarged lips, narrow caudal peduncle, bilobed caudal fin with the lower lobe longer than the upper one) also distinguish the new species from all its congeners in Southeastern Brazil and from most congeners anywhere. Examination of internal anatomy reveals that T. astromycterus shares some intriguing characteristics with the austral genus Bullockia Arratia et al., 1978. However, the phylogenetic significance of such similarities is still uncertain and will require further comparative study. For this reason, the new species is provisionally included in the all‐encompassing genus Trichomycterus. An osteological description is presented on the basis of CT‐scan imaging and cleared and stained specimens.
Brain Amyloid PET Tracer Delivery is Related to White Matter Integrity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Brown Eric E. , Rashidi‐Ranjbar Neda , Caravaggio Fernando , Gerretsen Philip , Pollock Bruce G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Rajji Tarek K. , Fischer Corinne E. , Flint Alastair , Mah Linda , Herrmann Nathan , Bowie Christopher R. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel ,   on behalf of the PACt‐MD Study Group
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAmyloid deposition, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebrovascular dysfunction are important pathophysiologic features in Alzheimer's disease. Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]‐PIB) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer used to quantify amyloid deposition in vivo. In addition, certain models of [11C]‐PIB delivery reflect cerebral blood flow rather than amyloid plaques. As cerebral blood flow and perfusion deficits are associated with white matter pathology, we hypothesized that [11C]‐PIB delivery in white matter regions may reflect white matter integrity.METHODSWe obtained [11C]‐PIB‐PET scans and quantified white matter hyperintensities and global fractional anisotropy on magnetic resonance images as biomarkers of white matter pathology in 34 older participants with mild cognitive impairment with or without a history of major depressive disorder. We analyzed the [11C]‐PIB time‐activity curve data with models associated with cerebral blood flow: the early maximum standard uptake value and the relative delivery parameter R1. We used a global white matter region of interest.RESULTSBoth of the partial‐volume corrected PET parameters were correlated with white matter hyperintensities and fractional anisotropy.CONCLUSIONFuture studies are warranted to explore whether [11C]‐PIB PET is a “triple biomarker” that may provide information about amyloid deposition, cerebral blood flow, and white matter pathology.
Reliability and Validity of T‐scan and 3D Intraoral Scanning for Measuring the Occlusal Contact Area
Authors: Ayuso‐Montero Raul , Mariano‐Hernandez Yumaysla , Khoury‐Ribas Laura , Rovira‐Lastra Bernat , Willaert Eva , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the reliability of T‐scan and 3D intraoral scan techniques for assessing the occlusal contact area (OCA), compared to occlusal registration and also to assess the validity of the techniques.Materials and MethodsThirty‐one dentate adults participated in this cross‐sectional study. T‐scan records were used to measure the OCA at maximum bite force and at 50% of maximum force using the software's bite force selection tool. A second method measured the OCA between 2 virtual models scanned intraorally using a 3D surface scan and considering the occlusal contact at 2 interocclusal distances (0‐100 and 0‐200 µm). The third method measured OCA using occlusal registration at moderate and maximum occlusal force, and considering contact at the 2 interocclusal distances (0‐100 and 0‐200 µm). Images obtained using the 3 methods were analyzed using ImageJ software. Test‐retest reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and validity by Pearson correlations.ResultsICCs ranged from 0.56 to 0.79 (p < 0.001) for the T‐scan; 0.37 to 0.61 (p < 0.05) for 3D surface scan; and 0.92 to 0.95 (p < 0.0005) for occlusal registration. The highest OCA values were obtained using the T‐scan, and the lowest using the 3D surface scan. Occlusal registration measurements had the highest correlations with those of the other techniques.ConclusionsT‐scan is a reliable method for measuring the OCA, but the 3D surface scan is not. Occlusal registration showed a high validity.
Plasmodium sexual differentiation: how to make a female
Authors: Ralph Stuart A. , Cortés Alfred 
Published: July 2019

SummarySexual development is integral to the transmission of Plasmodium parasites between vertebrates and mosquitos. Recent years have seen great advances in understanding the gene expression that underlies commitment of asexual parasites to differentiate into sexual gametocyte stages, then how they mature and form gametes once inside a mosquito. Less well understood is how parasites differentially control development to become males or females. Plasmodium parasites are haploid at the time of sexual differentiation, but a clonal haploid line can produce both male and female gametocytes, so they presumably lack the sex‐determining alleles present in some other eukaryotes. Though the molecular switch to initiate male or female development remains hidden, recent studies reveal regulatory proteins needed for the sex‐specific maturation of male and female gametocytes. Yuda and collaborators report the characterization of a transcription factor necessary for female gametocyte maturation. With renewed attention on malaria elimination, sex has been an increasing focus because transmission‐blocking strategies are likely to be an important component of elimination efforts.
Fusarium onychomycoses in Switzerland—A mycological and histopathological study
Authors: Rammlmair Anna , Mühlethaler Konrad , Haneke Eckart 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOnychomycoses in temperate climates are most commonly due to dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton rubrum. Non‐dermatophyte nail infections are much less frequent, and their diagnosis requires a careful and repeated search for a potential dermatophyte that may have been overgrown in culture. A series of histological slides of suspected onychomycoses with uncommon fungal morphology prompted us to search for non‐dermatophytic moulds causing dermatophytosis‐like nail infections. Thirty cases were identified by culture as F solani, F oxysporum, F dimerum or F spp, and two more were only diagnosed histopathologically. None of these patients was immunocompromised. Treatment was mostly unsuccessful with terbinafine whereas itraconazole showed a moderately better treatment result; in all cases, a topical ciclopirox nail varnish in a hydroxychitosan base was added.
Differential responses of endothelial cells on three‐dimensional scaffolds to lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathogens
Authors: Gualtero Diego F. , Lafaurie Gloria I. , Fontanilla Marta R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies have been conducted on the pathogenicity of periodontopathogens in cultures of endothelial cells on two‐dimensional (2D) polystyrene surfaces, where the monolayer formed is not exposed to proteins of the subendothelial matrix. In this work, we developed a culture system by seeding human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) onto three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds of collagen type I, a subendothelial protein. The inflammatory responses of the HCAEC monolayers, formed either on 3D scaffolds or directly on a 2D polystyrene plate, to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) were evaluated. The transcription of 3 genes, the secretion of 40 cytokines and 2 prostanoids, and the adhesion of monocytes to 2D and 3D cultures with or without exposure to lipopolysaccharides (control) were assessed. HCAECs exhibited differences in transcriptional and secretory profiles between the 3D and 2D models. In addition, the inflammatory responses of HCAEC to Aa‐LPS and Pg‐LPS differed between the two models. In 3D cultures treated with Aa‐LPS, the levels of IL‐8, RANTES, G‐CSF, ICAM‐1, IL‐6, and TXA2 were significantly higher than those in the controls. In 2D cultures treated with Aa‐LPS, IL‐8, RANTES, G‐CSF, ICAM‐1, TNF‐RI, PGI2, and TXA2 levels were significantly higher than those in their controls. In the presence of Aa‐LPS, monocyte adhesion did not differ between treated and control 3D cultures but was significantly higher in treated 2D cultures than in the controls. In response to Pg‐LPS, cytokine‐prostaglandin secretion and monocyte adhesion did not differ between 3D and 2D cultures. These data indicate that HCAECs respond differently to these two types of LPS.
Thermal plasticity of the circadian clock is under nuclear and cytoplasmic control in wild barley
Authors: Bdolach Eyal , Prusty Manas Ranjan , Faigenboim‐Doron Adi , Filichkin Tanya , Helgerson Laura , Schmid Karl J. , Greiner Stephan , Fridman Eyal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTemperature compensation, expressed as the ability to maintain clock characteristics (mainly period) in face of temperature changes, that is, robustness, is considered a key feature of circadian clock systems. In this study, we explore the genetic basis for lack of robustness, that is, plasticity, of circadian clock as reflected by photosynthesis rhythmicity. The clock rhythmicity of a new wild barley reciprocal doubled haploid population was analysed with a high temporal resolution of pulsed amplitude modulation of chlorophyll fluorescence under optimal (22°C) and high (32°C) temperature. This comparison between two environments pointed to the prevalence of clock acceleration under heat. Genotyping by sequencing of doubled haploid lines indicated a rich recombination landscape with minor fixation (less than 8%) for one of the parental alleles. Quantitative genetic analysis included genotype by environment interactions and binary‐threshold models. Variation in the circadian rhythm plasticity phenotypes, expressed as change (delta) of period and amplitude under two temperatures, was associated with maternal organelle genome (the plasmotype), as well as with several nuclear loci. This first reported rhythmicity driven by nuclear loci and plasmotype with few identified variants, paves the way for studying impact of cytonuclear variations on clock robustness and on plant adaptation to changing environments.