bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio de los efectos del anclaje en razonamientos judiciales en casos de disputa por la guarda y custodia
Authors: Fariña Francisca , Redondo Laura , Corrás Tania , Vilariño Manuel 
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa formación de juicios y la toma de decisiones judicia­les deberían estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadísticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberían contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipótesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar información o hipótesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decisión. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midió a través de la demanda ini­cial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decisión del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los re­sultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un análisis de contenido sistemático de las sentencias prestó apoyo a la hipótesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el aho­rro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Además, las senten­cias ancladas contenían significativamente menos razo­namientos favorables a la custodia; menos información idiosincrásica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos información contextual, esto es, menos prueba ba­sada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formación de juicios y toma de deci­siones judiciales, así como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos.AbstractJudicial judgment and decision making should be sus­tained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hy­pothesis without confirming it and rejecting other infor­mation or alternative hypotheses though they may be rel­evant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases’ judi­cial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judi­cial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyn­cratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the an­chorage prevalence in judicial sentences.
The Impact of Aquatic Exercise on Sleep Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kanupka Jennifer Wood , Oriel Kathryn N. , George Cheryl L. , Crist Lindi , Deardorff Kaitlyn , Douglass Danielle , Prenger Kiersten , Ulicny Rebecca , Wirick Danielle 
Published: March 2018

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often demonstrate disturbed sleep behaviors that negatively impact daytime behavior. The purpose of this study was: 1) To determine if participation in aquatic exercise improves sleep duration in children with ASD, and 2) to examine the social validity of the intervention. A within-subjects crossover design over an 8 week period was used. Participants were assigned to the intervention (aquatic exercise 2x/ week for 1 hour) or the control (no exercise) condition for 4 weeks; they then switched conditions for 4 weeks. Sleep habits were recorded using the EMFIT QS sleep monitor. The IRP-15 was administered to parents after completion of the intervention to establish social validity. Mean sleep duration for intervention versus control was compared using the Wilcoxon-Signed Ranks Test. Statistically significant improvements (p=0.012) in sleep duration were observed (intervention: 9.27 hours vs control 8.37 hours). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze IRP-15 data indicating the majority of parents strongly agreed that aquatic exercise had a positive effect on their child’s sleep.
Results suggest that participation in an aquatic exercise program may lead to improved sleep duration in children with ASD, and is a socially valid intervention.
Safety, security, and serving the public interest in synthetic biology
Authors: Gronvall Gigi Kwik 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article describes what may be done by scientists and by the biotechnology industry, generally, to address the safety and security challenges in synthetic biology. Given the technical expertise requirements for developing sound policy options, as well as the importance of these issues to the future of the industry, scientists who work in synthetic biology should be informed about these challenges and get involved in shaping policies relevant to the field.
Intimacy development in late adolescence: Longitudinal associations with perceived parental autonomy support and adolescents' self‐worth
Authors: Van Petegem Stijn , Brenning Katrijn , Baudat Sophie , Beyers Wim , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe present longitudinal study tested for the role of perceived parental autonomy‐support and late adolescents' self‐worth in their intimacy development. A sample of 497 Belgian late adolescents (Mage = 17.9, 43.5% girls) participated in this two‐wave study. Results indicated that perceived autonomy‐supportive parenting did not relate significantly to change in adolescents' experienced intimacy (in terms of closeness and mutuality), but was associated with a decrease in unmitigated agency (an excessive focus on the self) and unmitigated communion (an excessive focus on the other) across time. Adolescents' self‐worth predicted an increase in experienced intimacy and a decrease in unmitigated agency and communion, and the initial level of experienced intimacy predicted an increase in self‐worth. Finally, results suggested that adolescents' self‐worth may mediate some of the longitudinal relations between perceived parental autonomy‐support and adolescents' intimate functioning. No evidence was found for moderation by romantic involvement, gender or age.
A double row epiploicoplasty for primary closure of free perforated sigmoid diverticulitis
Authors: Yücesoy Ali Naki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAcute free perforation of the sigmoid diverticulitis is an emergency surgical intervention required condition. Although the sigmoid resection and temporary end colostomy or abdominal lavage and drainage are the most commonly used surgical methods for its treatment, the most effective surgical method has not been established yet. We applied a different surgical method for the surgical treatment of free perforation of acute sigmoid diverticulitis outside of these surgical procedures. A double row epiploicoplasty was performed for surgical treatment of free perforated sigmoid diverticulitis with surgical success in a patient who had concominant serious diseases.
Posição do sesamoide lateral em relação ao segundo metatarso em pés com e sem hálux valgo
Authors: Machado Daniel Gonçalves , Gondim Elaine da Silva , Cohen José Carlos , Amorim Luiz Eduardo Cardoso 
Published: March 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Determinar se os sesamoides migram lateralmente nos pés com hálux valgo ou se apenas aparentam deslocar-se, mantendo sua relação com as demais estruturas do antepé.
Métodos Foram avaliadas radiografias na incidência anteroposterior com carga dos pés de 80 pacientes (94 pés) entre o período de 2015 e 2016. Dessas, 48 tinham ângulo de hálux valgo maior do que 15∘ (grupo hálux valgo) e 46 tinham ângulo de hálux valgo menor do que 15∘ (grupo controle). Foram medidas as distâncias da cabeça do primeiro metatarso e do sesamoide lateral ao eixo do segundo metatarso. Posteriormente, foram medidos os coeficientes dessas distâncias pelo comprimento do segundo metatarso, a fim de se ajustarem aos diferentes tamanhos de pés.
Resultados Tanto a medida absoluta quanto a medida relativa da cabeça do primeiro metatarso ao segundo metatarso foram significativamente diferentes nos dois grupos, tiveram correlação positiva com os ângulos de hálux valgo e intermetatarsal. Contudo, nem a distância absoluta nem a relativa do sesamoide lateral ao segundo metatarso foram diferentes nos dois grupos, bem como não se correlacionaram com os ângulos de hálux valgo e inter-metatarsal.
Conclusão Apesar do desvio medial do primeiro metatarso no hálux valgo, o sesamoide mantém sua relação com o segundo metatarso no plano transverso. Esse aparente deslocamento lateral pode levar a interpretação equivocada dessas radiografias. Tal fato é de suma importância no pré-, peri- e pós-operatório dos pacientes com hálux valgo.
Emergency Department and Inpatient Health Care Services Utilization by the Elderly Population: Hurricane Sandy in The State of New Jersey
Authors: McQuade Linda , Merriman Barry , Lyford Mark , Nadler Bella , Desai Sangeeta , Miller Roger , Mallette Samuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn this investigation, we reported the increase in emergency department and inpatient admission cases during the month of November 2012 post Hurricane Sandy as compared with baseline (November 2010, 2011, and 2013) for elderly patients aged 65 and up.MethodsMedical claims data for patients aged 65 and over treated at emergency department and inpatient health care facilities in New Jersey were analyzed to examine the surge in frequencies of diagnoses treated immediately following Hurricane Sandy. The differences were quantified using gap analysis for 2 years before and 1 year after the event.ResultsThere was an average increase of 1700 cases for the month of November 2012 relative to baseline for the top 15 most frequently diagnosed emergency department medical conditions. On a daily basis, a volume increase by an average 57 cases could be expected, including significant numbers of limb fractures and other trauma cases for these most frequently encountered medical conditions.ConclusionsUnderstanding the surge level in medical services needed in emergency departments and inpatient facilities during a natural disaster aftermath is critical for effective emergency preparation and response for the elderly population. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:730-738)
EPISTEMIC CORRUPTION AND EDUCATION
Authors: Kidd Ian James 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the concept of ‘epistemic corruption’ and applies it to current debates about the negative effects of education on the epistemic character of students. Epistemic corruption occurs when an agent comes to develop or exercise one or more epistemic vices due their interaction with a social environment. The phenomenon of epistemic corruption is especially important given modern enthusiasm, among virtue epistemologists and others, for the claim that education should aim to enhance the epistemic character of students by cultivating their epistemic virtues. After presenting a working account of the concept of epistemic corruption, three case studies are offered that document epistemically corrupting educational practices and policies. I conclude that study of the forms, practices, and effects of epistemic corruption should be an important dimension of virtue and vice epistemology.
How prosocial is proactive: Developing and validating a scale and process model of knowledge-based proactive helping
Authors: Mittal Shashank , Sengupta Atri , Agrawal N M , Gupta Sumeet 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe knowledge exchanges literature considered all types of knowledge exchanges as reactive. The present study develops the conceptual framework and the measure of knowledge-based proactive helping that was missing in earlier literature. The measure was validated across multiple population. Proactive helping was manifested in the scale items effectively, to the extent that at first, initially chosen five dimensions merged to form two factors: professional development and problem mitigation and; subsequent analysis revealed that the factors represented the same underlying construct of proactive helping. The nomological network, a process model highlighting the psychosocial causes and benefits of proactive helping based upon social exchange theory and social motivation theory was also proposed. The significance of the study was in bringing the prosocial, proactive exchanges at the forefront of knowledge exchanges, which predominantly focussed on reactive exchanges.
Do we owe God worship?
Authors: BURLING HUGH 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article responds to recent arguments that worshipping God cannot be obligatory. It shows how a respect-based account of worship is compatible with the claim that only God is worthy of worship, and compatible with the view that worship is very different from attitudes we owe to creatures. Then, it develops a respect-based account in enough detail to show how our moral motivations to respect creatures generate an obligation to worship God. The upshot is an analysis of worship which can weather recent arguments that worshipping God is not morally motivated.
Estimating the incubation period of acute Q fever, a systematic review
Authors: Todkill D. , Fowler T. , Hawker J.I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEstimates of the incubation period for Q fever vary substantially between different reviews and expert advice documents. We systematically reviewed and quality appraised the literature to provide an evidence-based estimate of the incubation period of the Q fever by the aerosolised infection route. Medline (OVIDSP) and EMBASE were searched with the search limited to human studies and English language. Eligible studies included persons with symptomatic, acute Q fever, and defined exposure toCoxiella burnetti. After review of 7115 titles and abstracts, 320 records were screened at full-text level. Of these, 23 studies contained potentially useful data and were quality assessed, with eight studies (with 403 individual cases where the derivation of incubation period was possible) being of sufficient quality and providing individual-level data to produce a pooled summary. We found a median incubation period of 18 days, with 95% of cases expected to occur between 7 and 32 days after exposure.
Relationship between bidet toilet use and haemorrhoids and urogenital infections: a 3-year follow-up web survey
Authors: Asakura K. , Nakano M. , Omae K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGiven the growing use of electric bidet toilets in Japan and other countries, we assessed the relationship between bidet toilet use and haemorrhoids or urogenital infections. Data were collected using a web-based longitudinal survey. In total, 10 305 subjects randomly selected from panels of a Japanese website research company for the baseline survey in 2013 were asked about their frequency of bidet toilet use and receipt of a doctor's diagnosis or subjective symptom of haemorrhoids and urogenital infections. One- and three-year follow-up surveys were performed in 2014 and 2016, respectively, and information on newly diagnosed/experienced outcomes occurring during the follow-up period were collected. Cumulative incidence of haemorrhoids and urogenital infections was not significantly increased by habitual use of a bidet toilet. In men, more habitual users reported subjective symptoms of irritated skin around the anus, which were newly experienced during follow-up than non-habitual users (adjusted risk ratio 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.75)). Further studies are needed to confirm this relationship. Several of the outcomes were significantly more prevalent in habitual users, but these results were probably explained by reverse causation.
Early adversity and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: Mediation by individual differences in latent trait cortisol
Authors: Stroud Catherine B. , Chen Frances R. , Doane Leah D. , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch suggests that early adversity places individuals at risk for psychopathology across the life span. Guided by concepts of allostasis and allostatic load, the present study examined whether early adversity contributes to the development of subsequent internalizing symptoms through its association with traitlike individual differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation. Early adolescent girls (n= 113;Mage = 12.30 years) provided saliva samples at waking, 30 min postwaking, and bedtime over 3 days (later assayed for cortisol). Objective contextual stress interviews with adolescents and their mothers were used to assess the accumulation of nine types of early adversity within the family environment. Greater early adversity predicted subsequent increases in internalizing symptoms through lower levels of latent trait cortisol. Traitlike individual differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity may be among the mechanisms through which early adversity confers risk for the development of psychopathology.
An Effective Risk Minimization Strategy Applied to an Outdoor Music Festival: A Multi-Agency Approach
Authors: Luther Matt , Gardiner Fergus , Lenson Shane , Caldicott David , Harris Ryan , Sabet Ryan , Malloy Mark , Perkins Jo 
Published: March 2018

Specific Event Identifiersa. Event type: Outdoor music festival.b. Event onset date: December 3, 2016.c. Location of event: Regatta Point, Commonwealth Park.d. Geographical coordinates: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia (-35.289002, 149.131957, 600m).e. Dates and times of observation in latitude, longitude, and elevation: December 3, 2016, 11:00-23:00.f. Response type: Event medical support.AbstractIntroductionYoung adult patrons are vulnerable to risk-taking behavior, including drug taking, at outdoor music festivals. Therefore, the aim of this field report is to discuss the on-site medical response during a music festival, and subsequently highlight observed strategies aimed at minimizing substance abuse harm.MethodThe observed outdoor music festival was held in Canberra (Australian Capital Territory [ACT], Australia) during the early summer of 2016, with an attendance of 23,008 patrons. First aid and on-site medical treatment data were gained from the relevant treatment area and service.ResultsThe integrated first aid service provided support to 292 patients. Final analysis consisted of 286 patients’ records, with 119 (41.6%) males and 167 (58.4%) females. Results from this report indicated that drug intoxication was an observed event issue, with 15 (5.1%) treated on site and 13 emergency department (ED) presentations, primarily related to trauma or medical conditions requiring further diagnostics.ConclusionThis report details an important public health need, which could be met by providing a coordinated approach, including a robust on-site medical service, accepting intrinsic risk-taking behavior. This may include on-site drug-checking, providing reliable information on drug content with associated education.LutherM, GardinerF, LensonS, CaldicottD, HarrisR, SabetR, MalloyM, PerkinsJ. An effective risk minimization strategy applied to an outdoor music festival: a multi-agency approach. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):220–224.
HOFFMANN'S MUSICAL MODERNITY AND THE PURSUIT OF SENTIMENTAL UNITY
Authors: COMEN CRAIG 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAround 1800 a group of critics worried that new music was in danger of losing its social relevance. In their eyes music had become severed from the religious practices which had formerly provided its purpose and now exhibited a mercurial style that threatened its intelligibility, leading to a host of anxieties about its role in the contemporary world. This article argues that these concerns form the basis of an elegiac discourse of musical modernity, one resonating with broader philosophical concerns of the period. Taking Hoffmann's ‘Alte und neue Kirchenmusik’ as the central text, my narrative explores how he and others sought to rehabilitate modern music in the wake of a perceived social upheaval. This rehabilitation chiefly occurred at the hands of critics, who approached the complexities of new musical works by attempting to elucidate them through analysis. Hoffmann's review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony belongs in this narrative as a characteristic attempt to secure new music's meaning.
The effect of corticosteroid versus platelet-rich plasma injection therapies for the management of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review
Authors: Ben-Nafa Walid , Munro Wendy 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a common musculoskeletal disorder of the upper limb. Corticosteroid injection has been widely used as a major mode of treatment. However, better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease led to a major change in treating the disease, with new options including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are currently used.Objectives/research aim: To systematically evaluate the effect of corticosteroid versus PRP injections for the treatment of LE.Hypothesis: PRP injections provide longer-term therapeutic effect and less rate of complications compared to corticosteroid injection.Level of evidence: Level 2 evidence (4 included studies are of level 1 evidence, 1 study of level 2 evidence).Design: Systematic Review (according to PRISMA guidelines).Methods: Eleven databases used to search for relevant primary studies comparing the effects of corticosteroid and PRP injections for the treatment of LE. Quality appraisal of studies performed using Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0, CASP Randomised Controlled Trial Checklist, and SIGN Methodology Checklist 2.Results: 732 papers were identified. Five randomised controlled trials (250 Patients) met the inclusion criteria.Clinical findings: Corticosteroid injections provided rapid symptomatic improvement with maximum effect at 6/8/8 weeks before symptoms recurrence, whereas PRP showed slower ongoing improvements up to 24/52/104 weeks(3 studies). Corticosteroid showed more rapid symptomatic improvement of symptoms compared to PRP up to the study end-point of 3 months(1 study). Comparable therapeutic effects of corticosteroid and PRP were observed at 6 weeks(1 study).Ultrasonographic Findings: (1) Doppler activity decreased more significantly in patients who received corticosteroid compared to PRP. (2) Reduced tendon thickness and more patients with cortical erosion noted in corticosteroid group whereas increased tendon thickness and less number of patients with common extensor tendon tears noted in PRP group. (3) Fewer patients reported Probe-induced tenderness and oedema in the common extensor tendon in both corticosteroid and PRP groups (2 studies).Conclusion: Corticosteroid injections provide rapid therapeutic effect in the short-term with recurrence of symptoms afterwards, compared to the relatively slower but longer-term effect of platelet-rich plasma.