bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing in your own voice: An intervention that reduces plagiarism and common writing problems in students' scientific writing
Authors: Yang Anqi , Stockwell Sarah , McDonnell Lisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn many of our courses, particularly laboratory courses, students are expected to engage in scientific writing. Despite various efforts by other courses and library resources, as instructors we are often faced with the frustration of student plagiarism and related writing problems. Here, we describe a simple Writing in Your Own Voice intervention designed to help students become more aware of different types of plagiarism and writing problems, avoid those problems, and practice writing in their own voice. In this article, we will introduce the types of plagiarism and writing problems commonly encountered in our molecular biology laboratory course, the intervention, and the results of our study. From the evaluation of 365 student reports, we found the intervention resulted in nearly 50% fewer instances of plagiarism and common writing problems. We also observed significantly fewer instances of severe plagiarism (e.g. several sentences copied from an external source). In addition, we find that the effects last for several weeks after the students complete the intervention assignment. This assignment is particularly easy to implement and can be a very useful tool for teaching students how to write in their own voices. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):589–598, 2019.
Simultaneous quantification of ligustilide, dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide and senkyunolide A in rat plasma by GC–MS and its application to comparative pharmacokinetic studies of Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract alone and Baizhi Chuanxiong Decoction
Authors: Wang Qinhui , Yan Tao , Jiang Wei , Hu Na , Zhang Song , Yang Peng , Zhang Wenjuan , Shi Lei , Liu Linna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe herb couple has special clinical significance in reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs. The combination of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, BZ) and Rhizoma Chuanxiong (ChuanXiong, CX) is a traditional herb couple. The combination performs better than the CX extract alone in the treatment of migraine and has been used for thousands of years. However, the specific compatibility mechanisms are still unclear. Ligustilide, dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide and senkyunolide A are the major active ingredients in CX and BZ–CX decoction. However, a comprehensive study of the pharmacokinetics of CX has not been carried out. A gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) method with high selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy was developed. An SH‐Rxi‐5Sil (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., and 0.25 μm film thickness) column was employed in the GC separation. Selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were used to validate the current GC–MS method. Using the validated method, this is the first time to study on the comparative pharmacokinetics of ligustilide, dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide and senkyunolide A from CX alone and BZ–CX decoction in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ and CLz/F) of all of the detected ingredients showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results are helpful for further investigation of the compatibility mechanism of BZ–CX decoction.
A novel and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method to determine mequitazine in rat plasma and urine: Validation and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Jeong Seung‐Hyun , Jang Ji‐Hun , Lee Yong‐Bok 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to determine mequitazine in rat plasma and urine. Mequitazine was separated by UPLC–MS/MS equipped with a Kinetex core–shell C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as a mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Quantitation of this analysis was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization technique operating in multiple reaction monitoring positive ion mode. Mass transitions were m/z 323.3 → 83.1 for mequitazine and 281.3 → 86.3 for imipramine as internal standard. Liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and protein precipitation with methanol were used for sample extraction. Chromatograms showed that the method had high resolution, sensitivity and selectivity without interference from plasma constituents. Calibration curves for mequitazine in rat plasma and urine were 0.02–200 ng/mL, showing excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) >0.99. Both intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (CV%) were within 4.08% for rat plasma and urine. The accuracies were 99.58–102.03%. The developed analytical method satisfied the criteria of international guidance. It could be successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of mequitazine after oral and intravenous administration to rats.
Failure patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ikawa Toshiki , Ishihara Ryu , Konishi Koji , Morimoto Masahiro , Hirata Takero , Kanayama Naoyuki , Yamamoto Sachiko , Matsuura Noriko , Wada Kentaro , Hayashi Kenji , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Teshima Teruki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the locations of lymph node recurrence and their association with irradiation fields used for radiotherapy after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsMedical records of 96 consecutive patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following endoscopic resection were reviewed. Computed tomography was used to identify whether nodal recurrences were within the elective nodal irradiation field. The cumulative incidence of recurrence was calculated, accounting for death as a competing risk. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors predicting nodal recurrence.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 61 months (range: 6‐137 months). Seven patients (7.3%) developed lymph node recurrence only; two patients (2.1%) developed nodal plus local recurrence. Six of the seven cases without local recurrence involved the elective nodal irradiation field, with five cases involving the recurrent nerve lymph nodes. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of lymph node recurrence was higher for T1b tumors with lymphovascular invasion than for T1a tumors with lymphovascular invasion (17.6% vs 6.2%, P = 0.086; HR: 3.74, 95% CI: 0.80‐17.52, P = 0.094) and T1b tumors without lymphovascular invasion (17.6% vs 3.3%, P = 0.031; HR: 6.78, 95% CI: 0.80‐57.63, P = 0.080).ConclusionsLymph node recurrence frequently involved the elective nodal irradiation field, with recurrent nerve lymph nodes being common metastasis sites. The high incidence of nodal recurrence for T1b tumors with lymphovascular invasion highlights a need for new strategies for treating this subset of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
Loosening of Lipid Packing by Cell‐Surface Recruitment of Amphiphilic Peptides by Coiled‐Coil Tethering
Authors: Sakai Takayuki , Kawano Kenichi , Iino Masatomo , Takeuchi Toshihide , Imanishi Miki , Futaki Shiroh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLipid packing has a strong influence on the formation and structural dynamics of cell membranes. Techniques to modulate lipid packing may thus enable modification of cellular functions and events. An 18‐residue amphiphilic helical peptide derived from the N‐terminal segment of epsin‐1 (EpN18) is reported to induce positive membrane curvature and to loosen lipid packing in the cell membrane. In this study, it is shown that EpN18, crosslinked to a leucine‐zipper peptide K4, is recruited to the cell surface by interacting with a cell‐surface‐expressed E3 leucine‐zipper segment. Cell‐surface tethering markedly enhanced loosening of lipid packing, which led to the promotion of membrane translocation of octaarginine. The loosening of lipid packing by EpN18 was also confirmed by analyzing the generalized polarization value with a membrane‐environment‐sensitive dye, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐{2‐[(2‐hydroxyethyl)dimethylamino]ethyl}‐4‐{2‐[6‐(dibutylamino)‐2‐naphthyl]ethenyl}pyridiniumdibromide (di‐4‐ANEPPDHQ). This approach thus shows promise for the control of lipid packing and related cellular events.
Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on the Performance of Polysulfone Membranes for Olefin‐Paraffin Separation
Authors: Gholamipour Najme , Sadeghi Morteza , Shafiei Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe separations of ethylene/ethane and propylene/propane using polysulfone‐silica nanocomposite membranes were studied. Silica nanoparticles were prepared via sol‐gel method and the membranes by phase inversion. Characterization by Fourier transform spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated a good distribution of silica nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and also a good compatibility between the two phases. The performances of the prepared membranes in ethylene‐ethane and propylene‐propane separation were evaluated. The results showed the increments in gas permeability and selectivity by silica. Higher silica contents increased the solubility coefficient and reduced the diffusion coefficient of gases. The plasticization pressure of polysulfone was increased by incorporating the silica nanoparticles in polymer.
Methodology for the Development of Additively Manufactured Packings in Thermal Separation Technology
Authors: Neukäufer Johannes , Hanusch Florian , Kutscherauer Martin , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald , Grützner Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA methodical procedure for the development of additively manufactured innovative packing structures in laboratory scale is described. Since structural development is an evolutionary process, the focus of this publication is on the methodology of development strategies. Therefore, packing structures based on crystal lattices with flexible dimensioning are created with the visual basic for applications (VBA) tool in Autodesk Inventor®. For the characterization, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied to examine the dry specific pressure drop and the liquid distribution. Calculations of packing‐characteristic values with parameter studies and the above‐mentioned CFD simulations reveal indications of the efficiency of these packings. Selective laser sintering using polyamide 12 (PA 12) as material was applied for additive manufacturing of the packing and the column shell.
Closing Water‐Related Loops in High‐tech Polymer Production – Status, Perspectives and Limitations
Authors: Blöcher Christoph , Schießer Yuliya , Weber Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChemical production is inherently associated with the use of a significant amount of water. The closure of water‐related loops to recover materials and reuse water has been established in chemical parks for a long time. Circuits can be realized process‐integrated, across legal entities, or even cross‐sectoral. Incentives can be the lack of natural water resources, to use a high water quality or the recovery of valuables. One example is the recovery of NaCl from salt‐containing process water streams to produce chlorine and caustic soda in the chlor‐alkali electrolysis. However, such reuse schemes exhibit technical, economic and ecological challenges. Taking these into account, industry is taking action to research and develop new, environmentally friendly and economically viable processes.
Photochemistry Highlights on On‐Surface Synthesis
Authors: Palmino F. , Loppacher C. , Chérioux F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn‐surface chemistry is a promising way to achieve the bottom‐up construction of covalently‐bonded molecular precursors into extended atomically‐precise polymers adsorbed on surfaces. These polymers exhibit unprecedented physical or chemical properties which are of great interest for various potential applications. These nanostructures were mainly obtained in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) on noble metal single‐crystal surfaces by thermal annealing as stimulus to provoke the polymerization with a catalytic role of the surface adatoms. Nevertheless, photons are also a powerful source of energy to induce the formation of covalent architectures, even if it is less‐used on surfaces than in solution. In this minireview, we discuss the photo‐induced on‐surface polymerization from the basic mechanisms of photochemistry to the formation of extended polymers on different kinds of surfaces, which are characterized by scanning probe microscopies.
CCSD‐PCM Excited State Energy Gradients with the Linear Response Singles Approximation to Study the Photochemistry of Molecules in Solution
Authors: Caricato Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the theory and the implementation for the excited state energy gradients with respect to nuclear displacements for the linear response coupled cluster with single and double excitations (LR‐CCSD) combined with the polarizable continuum model of solvation within the LR formalism and the singles approximation (LR‐PCM‐PTES). This approach allows the exploration of the excited state potential energy surface of solvated molecules for the evaluation of minima and other stationary points, at a computational cost virtually identical to that of gas‐phase LR‐CCSD. The method is applied to the evaluation of vertical absorption and emission energies of 4‐(N,N)‐dimethyl‐aminobenzonitrile (DMABN) in gas phase, cyclohexane, and acetonitrile solutions. The method is able to find the minima for the locally excited and charge transfer states, which are responsible for the dual‐fluorescence of this compound. At the same time, some limitations of the LR and state specific (SS) formalisms for excited state solvation, which suffer from under or overestimation of the solvent effect in excited states, are discussed.
Fabrication of Trifunctional Polyoxometalate‐Decorated Chitosan Nanofibers for Selective Production of 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Li Yiming , Li Peili , Cao Ping , Li Ying , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Shengtian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTrifunctional catalysts based on polyoxometalate (POM) decorating chitosan nanofibers (H5PMo10V2O40/chitosan nanofibers, abbreviated as HPMoV/CS‐f), synthesized by using the electrospinning method, realized highly efficient oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Decorating chitosan nanofibers with POMs generated enhanced catalytic activity by merging their unique individual properties of redox ability, Brønsted acidity, basicity, and nanofiber structure with higher surface area. As a result, HPMoV/CS‐f(25) (with 25 representing the POM amount) was found to be the most active catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of HMF, resulting in 94.1 % DFF yield at 96.2 % conversion in DMSO at 120 °C for 6 h, whereas 56.2 % DFF yield at 95.0 % conversion was obtained in water at 140 °C for 8 h. Importantly, DFF could be produced in one pot in one step to give 61.9 and 31.4 % yield, respectively, directly from fructose and glucose under the reaction conditions of 140 °C, 6 h in DMSO, which was owing to the suitable balance of Brønsted acidity and basicity of the trifunctional HPMoV/CS‐f(25). Moreover, HPMoV/CS‐f showed good stability and ability to be reused at least ten times without leaching of the POMs from the chitosan nanofibers.
Seasonality in spatial distribution: Climate and land use have contrasting effects on the species richness of breeding and wintering birds
Authors: Kawamura Kazuhiro , Yamaura Yuichi , Senzaki Masayuki , Ueta Mutsuyuki , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimMany studies have examined large‐scale distributions of various taxa and their drivers, emphasizing the importance of climate, topography, and land use. Most studies have dealt with distributions over a single season or annually without considering seasonality. However, animal distributions and their drivers can differ among seasons because many animals migrate to suitable climates and areas with abundant prey resources. We aim to clarify seasonality in bird distributions and their drivers.LocationJapan.MethodsWe examined the effects of climate (annual mean temperature, snow depth), topography (elevation), and land use (extent of surrounding habitat) on bird species richness, in the breeding and wintering seasons separately, using nationwide data (254 forest and 43 grassland sites, respectively). We separately analyzed the species richness of all species, residents, short‐, and long‐distance migrants in forests and grasslands.ResultsIn the breeding season, the annual mean temperature negatively affected all groups (except for forest and grassland residents), and the extent of surrounding habitat positively affected many groups. By contrast, in the wintering season, temperature positively affected all groups (except for forest residents), and the extent of surrounding habitat positively affected only grassland long‐distance migrants. In both seasons, the species richness of forest and grassland residents was high in regions of moderate and high temperature, respectively. Moreover, snow depth negatively affected all forest groups in the wintering season. Mapping expected species richness suggested that regions with different climates served as habitats for different groups during different seasons.Main conclusionsAll regions were important bird habitats depending on the season, reflecting the contrasting effects of temperature across seasons. In the breeding season, surrounding land use was also an important driver. To understand the seasonal role that each region and environment plays in maintaining species/communities, a large‐scale study considering both environmental seasonality and species distribution is needed.
Species composition and community structure of small pest rodents (Muridae) in cultivated and fallow fields in maize‐growing areas in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Mayamba Alex , Byamungu Robert M. , Makundi Rhodes H. , Kimaro Didas N. , Isabirye Moses , Massawe Apia W. , Kifumba David , Nakiyemba Alice , Leirs Herwig , Mdangi Mshaka E. , Isabirye Brian E. , Mulungu Loth S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Pest rodents remain key biotic constraints to cereal crops production in the East African region where they occur, especially in seasons of outbreaks. Despite that, Uganda has scant information on rodents as crop pests to guide effective management strategies.

A capture–mark–recapture (CMR) technique was employed to study the ecology of small rodents, specifically to establish the species composition and community structure in a maize‐based agro ecosystem. Trapping of small rodents was conducted in permanent fallow land and cultivated fields, with each category replicated twice making four study grids. At each field, a 60 × 60 m grid was measured and marked with permanent trapping points spaced at 10 × 10 m, making a total of 49 trapping points/grids. Trapping was conducted monthly at 4‐week interval for three consecutive days for two and half years using Sherman live traps.

Eleven identified small rodent species and one insectivorous small mammal were recorded with Mastomys natalensis being the most dominant species (over 60.7%). Other species were Mus triton (16.1%), Aethomys hendei (6.7%), Lemniscomys zebra (5.2%), Lophuromys sikapusi (4.8%), Arvicanthis niloticus (0.9%), Gerbilliscus kempi (0.1%), Graphiurus murinus (0.1%), Steatomys parvus (0.1%), Dasymys incomtus (0.1%), and Grammomys dolichurus (0.1%). Spatially, species richness differed significantly (p = 0.0001) between the studied field habitats with significantly higher richness in fallow land compared with cultivated fields.

Temporally, total species richness and abundance showed a significant interaction effect over the months, years, and fields of trapping with significantly (p = 0.001) higher abundances during months of wet seasons and in the first and third year of trapping. In terms of community structure, higher species diversity associated more with fallow field habitats but also with certain rare species found only in cultivated fields.

Synthesis and applications. Based on these findings, management strategies can be designed to target the key pest species and the most vulnerable habitats thus reducing the impact they can inflict on field crops.
A fast re‐sampling method for using reliability ratings of sightings with extinction‐date estimators
Authors: Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C. , Jarić Ivan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pattern of sightings of a species that is rare, and then no longer observed, can be used to estimate its extinction date. However, other than physical captures or specimens, the veracity of any sighting is ambiguous, and should be treated probabilistically when used to infer extinction dates. We present a simple yet powerful computational approach for incorporating observational reliability into extinction date estimators (EDE). Our method (1) combines repeated within‐year sightings probabilistically, (2) samples observations using reliability as an inclusion probability, (3) infers a probability distribution and summary statistics of extinction dates with any EDE, and (4) computes the frequency distribution of the extinction date. We applied this method to eight exemplar sighting records covering a range of lengths, sighting rates and uncertainties, using a variety of statistical EDEs, and compared these results with a threshold approach for selecting sightings. We also demonstrated a robust coverage of “true” extinction dates based on selected real‐world examples of rediscovered species and confirmed extinctions, and simulated sighting records. Our approach represents a powerful generalization of past work because it is not predicated on any specific method for inferring extinction dates, and yet is simple to implement (with R script provided).