bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federated learning for enhanced dose–volume parameter prediction with decentralized data
Authors: Zhang Jiahan , Lei Yang , Xia Junyi , Chao Ming , Liu Tian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe widespread adoption of knowledge‐based planning in radiation oncology clinics is hindered by the lack of data and the difficulty associated with sharing medical data.PurposeThis study aims to assess the feasibility of mitigating this challenge through federated learning (FL): a centralized model trained with distributed datasets, while keeping data localized and private.MethodsThis concept was tested using 273 prostate 45 Gy plans. The cases were split into a training set with 220 cases and a validation set with 53 cases. The training set was further separated into 10 subsets to simulate treatment plans from different clinics. A gradient‐boosting model was used to predict bladder and rectum V30Gy, V35Gy, and V40Gy. The Federated Averaging algorithm was employed to aggregate the individual model weights from distributed datasets. Grid search with five‐fold in‐training‐set cross‐validation was implemented to tune model hyperparameters. Additionally, we evaluated the robustness of the FL approach by varying the distribution of the training set data in several scenarios, including different number of sites and imbalanced data across sites.ResultsThe mean absolute error (MAE) for the FL model (4.7% ± 2.9%) is significantly lower than individual models trained separately (6.5% ± 4.9%, p < 0.001) and similar to a traditional centralized model (4.4% ± 2.8%, p = 0.14). The federated model is robust to the number of subsets, showing MAE of 4.7% ± 3.2%, 4.8% ± 3.1%, 4.8% ± 2.9%, 4.5% ± 2.8%, 4.9% ± 3.3%, and 4.8% ± 3.1% for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 subsets, respectively. For the two imbalanced datasets, the FL model achieves MAEs of 4.5% ± 2.9% and 5.6% ± 4.0%, non‐inferior to the balanced data model. For all bladder and rectum metrics, the FL model significantly outperforms 36.7% of individual models.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential advantages of implementing a federated model over training individual models: the proposed FL approach achieves similar prediction accuracy as a conventional model without requiring centralized data storage. Even when local models struggle to produce accurate predictions due to data scarcity, the federated model consistently maintains high performance.
Empowering Nursing Practices: Enhancing Patient Care Through Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Urinary Catheterisation in Taicang City
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Zhang Hong , Wang Yaxuan , Li Hui , Liu Ting , Qian Jingjing , Wang Chi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards unnecessary urinary catheterisation among nurses in Taicang City, China.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study included nurses from our hospital and was conducted between February 2023 and June 2023.Data SourcesA self‐administered questionnaire was designed to collect their demographic characteristics and KAP.ResultsA total of 233 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean KAP scores were 13.44 ± 1.62 (possible range: 0–17), 45.28 ± 3.87 (possible range: 10–50) and 43.85 ± 5.98 (possible range: 10–50), which indicated moderate knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice, respectively. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.253, p < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.279, p < 0.001), as well as attitude and practice (r = 0.441, p < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, gender, department, working experience and experience in treating patients with catheter‐associated urinary tract infections also showed positive correlations among KAP. A structural equation modelling showed that both knowledge (β = 0.501, p = 0.047) and attitude (β = 0.691, p < 0.001) had direct effect on practice.ConclusionThis study found moderate knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice among the participants. Both knowledge and attitude might affect their practice.ImpactWe wanted to know the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of nurses in Taicang City towards unnecessary catheterisation. Moderate knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice were found among the participants. The findings would provide evidence for policymakers to develop targeted educational intervention to improve nurses’ practice and might improve the outcomes of patients.Reporting MethodThis study was reported to be adhered to the STROBE guideline.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareTargeted educational intervention was needed to improve nurses’ practice.
Users of chronic prescription opioids decrease in the first 12 months following bariatric surgery
Authors: Abbey Enoch J. , Nudotor Richard D. , Khalifa Banda A. A. , Canner Joseph K. , Prokopowicz Gregory P. , Steele Kimberly E. , Mammen Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity is an independent risk factor for chronic pain frequently treated with opioids. Our study investigated the effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on chronic opioid prescription use.MethodsUsing the IBM MarketScan database (2010–2017), we analyzed adult chronic opioid users who underwent bariatric surgery. Opioid use was measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for 6‐month periods before and after surgery. Changes in MME for each 6‐month interval were compared to preoperative exposure and across the different types of bariatric surgery.ResultsOf the 2197 patients identified, 29% discontinued opioids 6 months post surgery, further decreasing to 23.4% at 12 months. Discontinuation rates were similar for VSG and RYGB. Preoperative opioid exposure did not predict postsurgery discontinuation, but patients with multiple opioid prescription types were less likely to stop. Among those continuing opioid use, average MME increased at 6 months post surgery compared with 6 months pre surgery in both groups (mean [SD], RYGB: 49.4 [347.3]; VSG: 74.9 [533.4]).ConclusionsAlthough bariatric surgery reduced the number of chronic opioid users by nearly 25%, persistent users showed increased average opioid exposure after surgery. Further research to track long‐term opioid use should be conducted, and providers should inform patients of these risks and attempt opioid dose reductions before surgery.
Advancing thermo‐oxidative stability in silicone rubber with cerium‐tin complex oxide
Authors: Cong Chuanbo , Yuan Mingyang , Wang Han , Umer Rehan , Peng Daigang , Ouyang Jianglin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the thermal stability of silicone rubber (SR), cerium‐tin composite oxides (CeSnO‐x) are used as thermo‐oxidative stabilizer in phenyl methyl vinyl silicone rubber (PVMQ). CeSnO‐x are synthesized via the sol–gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showing that tin doping led to more oxygen vacancies in CeSnO‐x compared to CeO2. Through thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning alorimetry (DSC) and average activation energy calculation of PVMQ with different thermo‐oxidative stabilizer, it was found that CeSnO‐8 is outperforming CeO2, SnO2, and their mixtures in improving the thermo‐oxidative stability of PVMQ. In mechanical property tests, due to tin doping, CeSnO‐8 exhibit superior performance at all stages during thermo‐oxidative aging comparing the different effects of CeO2 and SnO2 in different aging stages. XPS of PVMQ composites investigate the mechanism by which CeSnO‐8 exhibit different effects. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizing the Si‐C and Si‐O bond changes in PVMQ composite before and after aging and the measurement of Mc explore thermo‐oxidative stabilizers' role during thermo‐oxidative aging of PVMQ. Thermogravimetry‐infrared spectroscopy comparisons between unstabilized PVMQ and CeSnO‐8‐stabilized PVMQ show that CeSnO‐8 effectively quenched radicals produced by the oxidation of the PVMQ side group, but exacerbate degradation caused by molecular chain rearrangement.
Going Back in Time: Prenatal Presentations of Postnatal Genetic Diagnoses Made in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Duyzend Michael , Sud Malika , D’Gama Alissa M. , Poorvu Tabitha , Estroff Judy , Wojcik Monica H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesPrenatal genetic diagnosis can impact care across the perinatal continuum; however, prenatal suspicion for genetic disorders may be complicated by incomplete knowledge of fetal rare‐disease phenotypes. Here, we describe the prenatal presentations of a cohort of infants with rare genetic conditions who were diagnosed postnatally in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to characterize prenatal presenting features and evaluate why the diagnosis was not identified prenatally.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of infants born over a 7 year period (2017–2023) who were admitted to a Level IV NICU and received a postnatal genetic diagnosis prior to 1 year of age. We identified which of these infants had been imaged prenatally at our Maternal Fetal Care Center (MFCC) as an opportunity for prenatal genetic diagnosis. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical records.Results51 cases met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the 51 infants were not strongly suspected to have a genetic syndrome prenatally when seen at the MFCC, as evidenced by lack of prenatal genetic consultation and lack of documented suspicion for a genetic etiology. These cases largely had absent or uncertain prenatal phenotypes. In most cases (42/51, 82.4%), prenatal diagnostic testing was not pursued even if offered. Overall, postnatal diagnoses, of which there was one dual diagnosis, were made by karyotype/FISH (11/52, 21.1%), microarray (8/52, 15.4%), gene panel/targeted testing (17/52, 32.7%), or exome sequencing (16/52, 30.8%).ConclusionsOur data illustrate the challenges in fetal phenotyping and support a broad approach to prenatal testing to facilitate early genetic diagnosis, which may meaningfully impact postnatal care.
Highly Efficient Biomass Derived Carbon Quantum Dots as Metal Free Green Photocatalyst for Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Padasalagi Anita. B. , Rabinal Mohammad Hussain Kasim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe demand for wastewater treatment for a sustainable future has provoked the development of an ecologically acceptable photocatalytic approach. However, exploration of highly efficient green metal free catalyst for photocatalytic dye degradation under normal light is yet challenging. In this work, the prepared sericin derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are presented as green photocatalyst for the degradation of well‐known hazardous dyes namely crystal violet and Rhodamine‐B under normal light. Using several radical scavenging agents, the mechanism involved in photocatalytic activity of CQDs is demonstrated. This novel photocatalyst offers a well alternative for the degradation and mineralization of organic dyes with a good efficiency.
Cover Image, Volume 93, Issue 1
Authors: Prabantu Vasam Manjveekar , Tandon Himani , Sandhya Sankaran , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy 
Published: December 2024

Front Cover: The cover image is based on the Article The alteration of structural network upon transient association between proteins studied using graph theory by Vasam Manjveekar Prabantu etal., https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.26606.
image
Phenolation Prior to Epoxidation of Kraft Lignin and Their Impacts on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesive
Authors: Ono Karen Midori , Ito Nathalie Minako , de Sousa Rogerio Ramos , Avelino Francisco , Lomonaco Diego , dos Santos Demetrio Jackson 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNumerous efforts focus on renewable epoxy resin development, with lignin emerging as a viable green alternative to fossil‐derived resources. Being Earth's second‐most abundant organic molecule, lignin, rich in phenolic groups, shows promise as a substitute for bisphenol A in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) production. This work successfully modifies Kraft lignin (KL) via one‐step epoxidation (KLE) and phenolation prior to epoxidation (KLPE), significantly increasing oxirane ring content. Characterization via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy validates the modifications, yielding epoxy equivalent weights of 862.1 and 214.6 g mol−1 for KLE and KLPE, respectively. Incorporating 20 wt% KLE into adhesive maintains tensile and lap shear strength compared to 100 wt% DGEBA adhesives, with an increase in elastic modulus, indicating its potential as a sustainable resin substitute. However, phenolation prior to epoxidation slightly reduces mechanical properties despite higher oxirane ring concentration. These results shed some light on the impact of both modification protocols on the mechanical properties of epoxy adhesives, supporting the development and properties optimization of sustainable epoxy adhesives.
An Efficient One‐Pot Access of Pentoxifylline‐Thiazole Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Mehariya Jignesh , Pithadiya Umang , Bijani Sabera , Khedkar Vijay , Jain Vicky , Jadeja Yashwantsinh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn efficient, facile, and one‐pot route has been utilized for the synthesis of a new series of 3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐(5‐(2‐(4‐substitutedphenylthiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazono)hexyl)‐1H‐purine‐2,6(3H,7H)‐dione (4a–4j). The pentoxifylline (1) as a novel precursor, thiosemicarbazide, and a variety of phenacyl bromides have been employed to generate a newer pentoxifylline‐thiazole adduct using PPA as the green catalyst at reflux conditions to afford a high yield and pure product. All the synthesized compounds were purified using chromatographic methods and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H and 13C NMR, MS, and IR). Antioxidant activity was assessed using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and it was observed that compounds with cyano functional groups and electron‐donating groups showed notably higher potency, with IC50 values around 400 µM, while those with halogens and nitro functional groups displayed moderate efficacy (IC50 ≈600 µM). These results were compared to the standard ascorbic acid, which had an IC50 of 382.54 ± 5.09 µM. Molecular docking was performed on the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme to explore the mechanistic basis of antioxidant activity, providing valuable insights into the thermodynamic interactions that contribute to binding affinity.
A new procolophonid with complex dentition from the Late Triassic of southwest England
Authors: Meade Luke E. , Butler Richard J. , Jones Marc E. H. , Fraser Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFissure fill deposits from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic of England and Wales preserve a diverse small tetrapod fauna including procolophonids, an important group of Permian and Triassic parareptiles that radiated across Pangaea following the end‐Permian extinction event. Procolophonids are currently known from two fissure fill sites: incomplete and isolated remains from Ruthin Quarry (Wales) and type and referred material of Hwiccewyrm trispiculum from Cromhall Quarry (southwest England). The age of the Cromhall fissure deposits has been debated but recent radiometric dating suggests a Carnian age for at least some of the fossil assemblages. Here, we present material from several fissure assemblages at Cromhall, which are interpreted as stratigraphically older than the assemblage that yielded Hwiccewyrm. We describe a new species of leptopleuronine procolophonid based on partial remains with unique tooth morphology. Threordatoth chasmatos gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by maxillae with a reduced number of complex tricuspid teeth along with dentaries that bear labiolingually compressed monocuspid teeth and in some cases have a peculiar edentulous tip. These distinct tooth morphologies occlude closely, perhaps facilitated by a flexible dentary symphyseal connection. This unique combination of characters may suggest a high degree of oral food processing of a mode unlike other procolophonids, occurring among the broader leptopleuronine adaptation towards diets of high‐fibre herbivory/omnivory and insectivory. Phylogenetic analysis places the remains of Threordatoth as a derived leptopleuronine, sister taxon to Hwiccewyrm, in a clade with taxa including Soturnia, Hypsognathus, Libognathus and two unnamed leptopleuronines from the southwest USA.
Chemical Composition Optimization and Isothermal Transformation of δ‐Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steel for the Third‐Generation Advanced High‐Strength Steel Grade
Authors: Okur Onur , Davut Kemal , Palumbo Gianfranco , Nalcaci Burak , Guglielmi Pasquale , Yalcin Mustafa Alp , Calin Recep , Erdogan Mehmet 
Published: December 2024

A new low‐manganese transformation‐induced plasticity steel is designed with optimized nickel content to achieve superior strength and ductility while minimizing the use of expensive nickel. The steel is optimized using JMatPro software, then cast, and hot rolled. To assess the effect of intercritical annealing on austenite (martensite at room temperature) volume fraction and carbon content, hot‐rolled steel samples quenched from different annealing temperatures (680–1100 °C) are used. Additionally, hot‐rolled steel coupons are intercritically annealed at about 50% austenite formation temperature (740 °C) and then subjected to isothermal treatments at 300–425 °C for varying times (10–90 min). After optimizing these treatments to maximize retained austenite (RA), tensile specimens are heat‐treated first at 740 °C and then isothermally at 325 °C. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that aluminum combined with silicon may lead to the δ ferrite formation, and even minimal nickel content can stabilize a considerable amount of austenite. In the experimental studies, it is shown that lower‐temperature bainitic holding enhances austenite stability by enriching the carbon content. Optimized two‐stage heat treatments yield up to 25.8% RA, with a tensile strength of 867.2 MPa and elongation of 40.6%, achieving a strength‐elongation product of 35.2 GPa×%, surpassing the third‐generation advanced high‐strength steel grades minimum requirement of 30 GPa×%.
A phylogenetic analysis and new delimitation of the Neotropical genus Werneria (Compositae, Senecioneae)
Authors: Kelloff Carol , Funk Vicki A. , Chan Raymund , Calvo Joel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe genus Werneria was first described from six species found in the northern Andes in 1818 by Karl S. Kunth. By 1970 the number of species increased to around 50. Werneria is mostly distributed in the Andean highlands with a single species, W. nubigena, reaching as far as southern Chiapas, Mexico. Today, the genus Werneria encompasses 28 species with its center of diversity located in Peru and Bolivia. It is defined, in part, by having involucral bracts fused at least halfway and lacking a well‐developed calyculus at the base of the head. Further research indicated that there was considerable variability between Werneria species, and several species were transferred into the related genera Anticona, Misbrookea, Senecio, and Xenophyllum. Recently, it has been brought to light that the type of the genus Werneria is W. rigida, an effective lectotypification made by Rockhausen that previous authors working on this group overlooked. Since W. rigida has been accepted so far as a member of the genus Xenophyllum, Rockhausen's typification has resulted in: (1) Xenophyllum a superfluous name for Werneria; (2) Werneria a name to be applied to the species treated thus far as Xenophyllum; and (3) describing the new genus Rockhausenia to place the “traditional” Werneria species. Instead of proposing to conserve the name Werneria to avoid the aforementioned undesirable disruptions in the interest of nomenclatural stability, 30 new combinations have been made. Herein, we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study based on ITS, trnL, ndhF, matK, and psbA sequence data involving 29 out of the 51 known species of Werneria and Xenophyllum (including the monotypic genus Misbrookea). The results indicate that: (1) the treatment of Misbrookea as a distinct genus is well supported; and (2) Werneria and Xenophyllum are each clearly not monophyletic. This, in addition to the fact that there are no diagnostic morphological synapomorphies to support either of the two genera, suggests treating them as members of a single genus. Moreover, the type of W. subg. Anactis appears to be nested in the genus Senecio. The three species belonging to this subgenus are accordingly transferred to Senecio. Finally, two subgenera are here proposed for facilitating species identification: (1) W. subg. Werneria, including species previously treated under Xenophyllum; (2) W. subg. Rockhausenia comb. & stat. nov., including the “traditional” Werneria species centered around W. nubigena.
Logarithmic doublets in CCFT
Authors: Bissi Agnese , Donnay Laura , Valsesia Beniamino 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the presence of logarithmic CFT doublets in the soft sector of celestial CFT related with supertranslations. We show that the quantum operator associated with a log u late-time behavior for the asymptotic gravitational shear forms a logarithmic CFT pair of conformal dimension ∆ = 1 with an IR-regulated supertranslation Goldstone current. We discuss this result in connection with previous encounters of log CFT structures in the IR-finite part of celestial OPEs.
Managing singular kernels and logarithmic corrections in the staggered six-vertex model
Authors: Azhari Mouhcine , Klümper Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spectral properties of the staggered six-vertex model with $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

symmetry for arbitrary system sizes L using non-linear integral equations (NLIEs). Our study is motivated by two key questions: what is the accuracy of results based on the ODE/IQFT correspondence in the asymptotic regime of large system sizes, and what is the optimal approach based on NLIE for analyzing the staggered six-vertex model?We demonstrate that the quantization conditions for low-lying primary and descendant states, derived from the ODE/IQFT approach in the scaling limit, are impressively accurate even for relatively small system sizes. Specifically, in the anisotropy parameter range π/4 < γ < π/2, the difference between NLIE and ODE/IQFT results for energy and quasi-momentum eigenvalues is of order $$ \mathcal{O}\left({L}^{-2}\right) $$
O

L

−
2

.Furthermore, we present a unifying framework for NLIEs, distinguishing between versions with singular and regular kernels. We provide a compact derivation of NLIE with a singular kernel, followed by an equivalent set with a regular kernel. We address the stability issues in numerical treatments and offer solutions to achieve high-accuracy results, validating our approach for system sizes ranging from L = 2 to L = 1024.Our findings not only validate the ODE/IQFT approach for finite system sizes but also enhance the understanding of NLIEs in the context of the staggered six-vertex model. We hope the insights gained from this study have significant implications for resolving the spectral problem of other lattice systems with emergent non-compact degrees of freedom and provide a foundation for future research in this domain.