bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antarctic Treaty as a temporal order
Authors: Antonello Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiplomats, officials, scientists and other actors working with the Antarctic Treaty System have not simply negotiated a range of measures for regulating human access to the region in a physical sense. They are also continually negotiating a cultural order, one in which time is central. Antarctic actors are aware that the Treaty did not once exist and may cease to exist sometime in the future. They are conscious of environmental change. Each actor tries to elevate their standing and power in the system by deploying temporal ideas and discourses in their interactions with each other: bringing their histories into negotiations, trying to control the idea of the future. This article will map three temporalities within Treaty history: first, the deployment and potency of histories and futures, their relative rhythms and lengths; second, permanence and expiration, the questions and politics of how long the Treaty should or might last; and third, the periodisation of the Treaty period, both among actors themselves and among scholars studying Antarctica.
All but blank: Artistic approaches to human Antarctica
Authors: de Pomereu Jean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe visual arts have played an increasingly important role in examining and critiquing past and present human activities in Antarctica as governed by the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol on Environmental protection. This paper analyses the work of six artists who have contributed to this scrutiny, awakening us to fabrications and helping to enrich Antarctic cultures beyond the scientific and the environmental. It encourages all signatory nations to the Antarctic Treaty System to embrace and empower a more diverse artistic engagement with Antarctica and suggests that artists find new ways to address threats to the Antarctic, whether they come from within and from without.
Comparison of echocardiographic measurements to invasive measurements of diastolic function in infants with single ventricle physiology: a report from the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Trial
Authors: Goudar Suma P. , Zak Victor , Atz Andrew M. , Altmann Karen , Colan Steven D. , Falkensammer Christine B. , Friedberg Mark K. , Frommelt Michele , Hill Kevin D. , Hsu Daphne T. , Levine Jami C. , Margossian Renee , Mart Christopher R. , Sticka Joshua , Shrader Peter , Shirali Girish ,   for the Pediatric Heart Network Investigators
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:While echocardiographic parameters are used to quantify ventricular function in infants with single ventricle physiology, there are few data comparing these to invasive measurements. This study correlates echocardiographic measures of diastolic function with ventricular end-diastolic pressure in infants with single ventricle physiology prior to superior cavopulmonary anastomosis.Methods:Data from 173 patients enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle enalapril trial were analysed. Those with mixed ventricular types (n = 17) and one outlier (end-diastolic pressure = 32 mmHg) were excluded from the analysis, leaving a total sample size of 155 patients. Echocardiographic measurements were correlated to end-diastolic pressure using Spearman’s test.Results:Median age at echocardiogram was 4.6 (range 2.5–7.4) months. Median ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 7 (range 3–19) mmHg. Median time difference between the echocardiogram and catheterisation was 0 days (range −35 to 59 days). Examining the entire cohort of 155 patients, no echocardiographic diastolic function variable correlated with ventricular end-diastolic pressure. When the analysis was limited to the 86 patients who had similar sedation for both studies, the systolic:diastolic duration ratio had a significant but weak negative correlation with end-diastolic pressure (r = −0.3, p = 0.004). The remaining echocardiographic variables did not correlate with ventricular end-diastolic pressure.Conclusion:In this cohort of infants with single ventricle physiology prior to superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, most conventional echocardiographic measures of diastolic function did not correlate with ventricular end-diastolic pressure at cardiac catheterisation. These limitations should be factored into the interpretation of quantitative echo data in this patient population.
Rapid Forecasting of Cholera Risk in Mozambique: Translational Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Mahmud Ayesha S. , Schroeder Andrew , Aguilar Ramirez Luis Hernando , Crowley John , Chan Jennifer , Buckee Caroline O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDisasters, such as cyclones, create conditions that increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. Epidemic forecasts can be valuable for targeting highest risk populations before an outbreak. The two main barriers to routine use of real-time forecasts include scientific and operational challenges. First, accuracy may be limited by availability of data and the uncertainty associated with the inherently stochastic processes that determine when and where outbreaks happen and spread. Second, even if data are available, the appropriate channels of communication may prevent their use for decision making.In April 2019, only six weeks after Cyclone Idai devastated Mozambique’s central region and sparked a cholera outbreak, Cyclone Kenneth severely damaged northern areas of the country. By June 10, a total of 267 cases of cholera were confirmed, sparking a vaccination campaign. Prior to Kenneth’s landfall, a team of academic researchers, humanitarian responders, and health agencies developed a simple model to forecast areas at highest risk of a cholera outbreak. The model created risk indices for each district using combinations of four metrics: (1) flooding data; (2) previous annual cholera incidence; (3) sensitivity of previous outbreaks to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycle; and (4) a diffusion (gravity) model to simulate movement of infected travelers. As information on cases became available, the risk model was continuously updated. A web-based tool was produced, which identified highest risk populations prior to the cyclone and the districts at-risk following the start of the outbreak.The model prior to Kenneth’s arrival using the metrics of previous incidence, projected flood, and El Niño sensitivity accurately predicted areas at highest risk for cholera. Despite this success, not all data were available at the scale at which the vaccination campaign took place, limiting the model’s utility, and the extent to which the forecasts were used remains unclear. Here, the science behind these forecasts and the organizational structure of this collaborative effort are discussed. The barriers to the routine use of forecasts in crisis settings are highlighted, as well as the potential for flexible teams to rapidly produce actionable insights for decision making using simple modeling tools, both before and during an outbreak.
Landslides on Ceres: Diversity and Geologic Context
Authors: Duarte K. D. , Schmidt B. E. , Chilton H. T. , Hughson K. H. G. , Sizemore H. G. , Ferrier K. L. , Buffo J. J. , Scully J. E. C. , Nathues A. , Platz T. , Landis M. , Byrne S. , Bland M. , Russell C. T. , Raymond C. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLandslides are among the most widespread geologic features on Ceres. Using data from Dawn's Framing Camera, landslides were previously classified based upon geomorphologic characteristics into one of three archetypal categories, Type 1(T1), Type 2 (T2), and Type 3 (T3). Due to their geologic context, variation in age, and physical characteristics, most landslides on Ceres are, however, intermediate in their morphology and physical properties between the archetypes of each landslide class. Here we describe the varied morphology of individual intermediate landslides, identify geologic controls that contribute to this variation, and provide first‐order quantification of the physical properties of the continuum of Ceres's surface flows. These intermediate flows appear in varied settings and show a range of characteristics, including those found at contacts between craters, those having multiple trunks or lobes; showing characteristics of both T2 and T3 landslides; material slumping on crater rims; very small, ejecta‐like flows; and those appearing inside of catenae. We suggest that while their morphologies can vary, the distribution and mechanical properties of intermediate landslides do not differ significantly from that of archetypal landslides, confirming a link between landslides and subsurface ice. We also find that most intermediate landslides are similar to Type 2 landslides and formed by shallow failure. Clusters of these features suggest ice enhancement near Juling, Kupalo and Urvara craters. Since the majority of Ceres's landslides fall in the intermediate landslide category, placing their attributes in context contributes to a better understanding of Ceres's shallow subsurface and the nature of ground ice.
The Vertical Distribution of the Optical Emissions of a Steve and Picket Fence Event
Authors: Archer W. E. , St.‐ Maurice J.‐P. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Perry G. W. , Cully C. M. , Donovan E. , Gillies D. M. , Downie R. , Smith J. , Eurich D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSo‐called “Steve” subauroral purple emissions have recently been uncovered by auroral photographers and have rapidly become an intense subject of debate as to their origin. In some events, nearby periodic green emissions have also been uncovered and given the name “picket fence,” owing to their appearance. The present paper advances our understanding of these phenomena by narrowing down the altitude extent of the Steve and picket fence emissions. Our determination is based on the event of 16 September 2017, which was simultaneously observed from two vantage points, allowing for a determination of the height range of Steve and picket fence through triangulation. We show that the picket fence extend between 95‐ and 150‐km altitude and is aligned with the geomagnetic field, while the Steve altitude spread is between 130 and 270 km. We also show the two phenomena to be on nearby or perhaps the same magnetic field lines.
The Dynamics of Saturn's Main Aurorae
Authors: Bader A. , Badman S. V. , Cowley S. W. H. , Yao Z. H. , Ray L. C. , Kinrade J. , Bunce E. J. , Provan G. , Bradley T. J. , Tao C. , Hunt G. J. , Pryor W. R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSaturn's main aurorae are thought to be generated by plasma flow shears associated with a gradient in angular plasma velocity in the outer magnetosphere. Dungey cycle convection across the polar cap, in combination with rotational flow, may maximize (minimize) this flow shear at dawn (dusk) under strong solar wind driving. Using imagery from Cassini's Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph, we surprisingly find no related asymmetry in auroral power but demonstrate that the previously observed “dawn arc” is a signature of quasiperiodic auroral plasma injections commencing near dawn, which seem to be transient signatures of magnetotail reconnection and not part of the static main aurorae. We conclude that direct Dungey cycle driving in Saturn's magnetosphere is small compared to internal driving under usual conditions. Saturn's large‐scale auroral dynamics hence seem predominantly controlled by internal plasma loading, with plasma release in the magnetotail being triggered both internally through planetary period oscillation effects and externally through solar wind compressions.
A Review of the Psychosocial, Ethical, and Legal Considerations for Discussing Fertility Preservation With Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn , Bleck Jennifer , Stern Marilyn 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To examine the impact of potential infertility that often affects adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYA) attributable to late effects of gonadotoxic treatment. Method: This paper examines the psychosocial, legal, and ethical concerns that hinder conversations around potential infertility and considerations of fertility preservation with an AYA cancer patient. Results: Although recent guidelines advocate for providers to address the potential loss of fertility and fertility preservation with every AYA cancer patient prior to treatment, evidence suggests that many clinicians either do not discuss or discuss in a manner that does not facilitate patient decision making. Conclusions: Suggestions are offered to guide communication best practices to ensure AYA and their families receive relevant and timely information about cancer related infertility and family building options. Implications for Impact Statement Survival rates for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer continue to improve, and there is great need for psychological support services for decision making about potential infertility and fertility preservation. Despite national recommendations from leading societies, there is variation in the quality and frequency of discussions regarding fertility preservation among AYA patients and their health care providers. Improved training on the recognition of implicit bias and methods for overcoming it may increase these discussions and ultimately alleviate present and future psychological burden to the patient.
ABCs of SLEEPING Tool: Improving Access to Care for Pediatric Insomnia
Authors: Howlett Melissa , Jemcov Anastasija , Adams Amanda , Corkum Penny 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Pediatric insomnia is common among children; however, access to evidence-based treatment is limited. The ABCs of SLEEPING tool was developed to facilitate assessment of children’s sleep habits and provide evidence-based recommendations. The title serves as a mnemonic device that captures practice areas known to be foundational to healthy sleep: Age-appropriate Bedtimes and wake-times with Consistency, Schedules and routines, Location, Exercise and diet, no Electronics in bedroom or before bed, Positivity, Independence, and Needs met, equal Great sleep. The tool includes an online questionnaire for parents, followed by electronic feedback highlighting problem areas and handouts including evidence-based recommendations. The current study assesses the usability of the ABCs of SLEEPING tool. Method: Twenty-two parents used the ABCs of SLEEPING tool, then provided feedback. Eight health care providers also reviewed the tool and provided feedback. Results: The ABCs of SLEEPING tool was rated as highly usable, desirable, accessible, and credible. Participants noted that minor modifications, such as prioritizing and customizing recommendations, may enhance the usefulness and valuableness. Participant feedback will be incorporated into a modified version. Conclusion: The ABCs of SLEEPING tool has the potential to address the need for a comprehensive and accessible resource for parents and to support health care providers in assessing and treating pediatric insomnia, and thus improving access to care. Implications for Impact Statement This study describes the development and usability testing of a tool designed to increase access to information and resources focused on healthy sleep practices for children. Feedback from parents and health care providers suggest that the ABCs of SLEEPING tool has the potential to support initial assessment and intervention of childhood behavioral sleep problems.
Females show more sustained performance during test-taking than males
Authors: Balart Pau , Oosterveen Matthijs 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFemales tend to perform worse than males on math and science tests, but they perform better on verbal reading tests. Here, by analysing performance during a cognitive test, we provide evidence that females are better able to sustain their performance during a test across all of these topics, including math and science (study 1). This finding suggests that longer cognitive tests decrease the gender gap in math and science. By analysing a dataset with multiple tests that vary in test length, we find empirical support for this idea (study 2).
Propagation of temporal and rate signals in cultured multilayer networks
Authors: Barral Jérémie , Wang Xiao-Jing , Reyes Alex D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnalyses of idealized feedforward networks suggest that several conditions have to be satisfied in order for activity to propagate faithfully across layers. Verifying these concepts experimentally has been difficult owing to the vast number of variables that must be controlled. Here, we cultured cortical neurons in a chamber with sequentially connected compartments, optogenetically stimulated individual neurons in the first layer with high spatiotemporal resolution, and then monitored the subthreshold and suprathreshold potentials in subsequent layers. Brief stimuli delivered to the first layer evoked a short-latency transient response followed by sustained activity. Rate signals, carried by the sustained component, propagated reliably through 4 layers, unlike idealized feedforward networks, which tended strongly towards synchrony. Moreover, temporal jitter in the stimulus was transformed into a rate code and transmitted to the last layer. This novel mode of propagation occurred in the balanced excitatory-inhibitory regime and is mediated by NMDA-mediated receptors and recurrent activity.
A method for structure prediction of metal-ligand interfaces of hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Malola Sami , Nieminen Paavo , Pihlajamäki Antti , Hämäläinen Joonas , Kärkkäinen Tommi , Häkkinen Hannu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHybrid metal nanoparticles, consisting of a nano-crystalline metal core and a protecting shell of organic ligand molecules, have applications in diverse areas such as biolabeling, catalysis, nanomedicine, and solar energy. Despite a rapidly growing database of experimentally determined atom-precise nanoparticle structures and their properties, there has been no successful, systematic way to predict the atomistic structure of the metal-ligand interface. Here, we devise and validate a general method to predict the structure of the metal-ligand interface of ligand-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles, based on information about local chemical environments of atoms in experimental data. In addition to predicting realistic interface structures, our method is useful for investigations on the steric effects at the metal-ligand interface, as well as for predicting isomers and intermediate structures induced by thermal dynamics or interactions with the environment. Our method is applicable to other hybrid nanomaterials once a suitable set of reference structures is available.
Training Optimization for Gate-Model Quantum Neural Networks
Authors: Gyongyosi Laszlo , Imre Sandor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGate-based quantum computations represent an essential to realize near-term quantum computer architectures. A gate-model quantum neural network (QNN) is a QNN implemented on a gate-model quantum computer, realized via a set of unitaries with associated gate parameters. Here, we define a training optimization procedure for gate-model QNNs. By deriving the environmental attributes of the gate-model quantum network, we prove the constraint-based learning models. We show that the optimal learning procedures are different if side information is available in different directions, and if side information is accessible about the previous running sequences of the gate-model QNN. The results are particularly convenient for gate-model quantum computer implementations.
Microstructure and chemical composition of Roman orichalcum coins emitted after the monetary reform of Augustus (23 B.C.)
Authors: Di Fazio Melania , Felici Anna Candida , Catalli Fiorenzo , De Vito Caterina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA collection of ancient Roman orichalcum coins, i.e., a copper-zinc alloy, minted under the reigns from Caesar to Domitianus, have been characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). We studied, for the first time, coins emitted by Romans after the reforms of Augustus (23 B.C.) and Nero (63–64 A.D). These coins, consisting of asses, sestertii, dupondii and semisses, were analysed using non- and invasive analyses, aiming to explore microstructure, corrosive process and to acquire quantitative chemical analysis. The results revealed that the coins are characterized by porous external layers, which are affected by dezincification and decuprification processes. As pictured by the X-ray maps, the elemental distribution of Cu and Zn shows patterns of depletion that in some cases penetrate in deep up to 1 mm. The composition of the un-corroded nucleus is a Cu-Zn alloy containing up to 30% of Zn, typical of coins produced via cementation process.
Temperate-Tropical Variation in Breeding Synchrony and Extra-Pair Paternity Among New World Tachycineta Swallows
Authors: Ferretti Valentina , Massoni Viviana , Liljesthröm Marcela , Lacoretz Mariela V. , Winkler David W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtra-pair paternity rates vary markedly across avian taxa, but patterns of variation in this trait have been obscured by a paucity of data on closely related species, especially those spanning broad environmental gradients. Here we compare variation in extra-pair paternity rates among five species in the widespread swallow genusTachycineta. Rates of extra-pair paternity vary widely in this group, ranging from 13 to 87% of nests having extra-pair young. The inter-specific variation in extra-pair paternity within this small group of closely related swallows has a range equivalent to that found among all Hirundinidae and is close to the range of variation across all birds. Despite theory that predicts extra-pair paternity rates to be explained by latitudinal variation in breeding synchrony our results show that extra-pair paternity rates in this genus do not closely track a latitudinal gradient, as predicted by studies of other life-history traits, and are not explained by differences in breeding synchrony as previously suggested. The genetic mating systems of birds, described by the rates of extra-pair paternity, are connected to all other life-history traits through a complex network of trade-offs with organismal (phylogenetic) and ecological (environmental) factors. Disentangling each of these interactions to understand latitudinal patterns in any given life-history trait remains a daunting task.
Determination of the pathogenicity of known COL4A5 intronic variants by in vitro splicing assay
Authors: Horinouchi Tomoko , Nozu Kandai , Yamamura Tomohiko , Minamikawa Shogo , Nagano China , Sakakibara Nana , Nakanishi Koichi , Shima Yuko , Morisada Naoya , Ishiko Shinya , Aoto Yuya , Nagase Hiroaki , Takeda Hiroki , Rossanti Rini , Kaito Hiroshi , Matsuo Masafumi , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractX-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is a congenital renal disease caused by mutations in COL4A5. In XLAS cases suspected of being caused by aberrant splicing, transcript analysis needs to be conducted to determine splicing patterns and assess the pathogenicity. However, such analysis is not always available. We conducted a functional splicing assay using a hybrid minigene for seven COL4A5 intronic mutations: one was identified by us and six were found in the Human Gene Mutation Database. The minigene assay revealed exon skipping in four variants, exon skipping and a 10-bp insertion in one variant, and no change in one variant, which appeared not to be pathogenic. For one variant, our assay did not work. The results of all three cases for which transcript data were available were consistent with our assay results. Our findings may help to increase the accuracy of genetic test results and clarify the mechanisms causing aberrant splicing.