bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Mountain Waves Contribute to Damaging Winds Far Away from the Lee Slope?
Authors: Kelley Jeffrey D. , Schultz David M. , Schumacher Russ S. , Durran Dale R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn 25 December 2016, a 984-hPa cyclone departed Colorado and moved onto the northern plains, drawing a nearby Arctic front into the circulation and wrapping it cyclonically around the equatorward side of the cyclone. A 130-km-wide and 850-km-long swath of surface winds exceeding 25 m s−1 originated underneath the comma head of the lee cyclone and followed the track of the Arctic front from Colorado to Minnesota. These strong winds formed in association with a downslope windstorm and mountain wave over Colorado and Wyoming, producing an elevated jet of strong winds. Central to the distribution of winds in this case is the Arctic air mass, which both shielded the elevated winds from surface friction behind the front and facilitated the mixing of the elevated jet down to the surface just behind the Arctic front, due to steep lapse rates associated with cold-air advection. The intense circulation south of the cyclone center transported the Arctic front and the elevated jet away from the mountains and out across Great Plains. This case is compared to an otherwise similar cyclone that occurred on 28–29 February 2012 in which a downslope windstorm occurred, but no surface mesoscale wind maximum formed due to the absence of a well-defined Arctic front and postfrontal stable layer. Despite the superficial similarities of this surface wind maximum to a sting jet (e.g., origin in the midtroposphere within the comma head of the cyclone, descent evaporating the comma head, acceleration to the top of the boundary layer, and an existence separate from the cold conveyor belt), this swath of winds was not caused by a sting jet.
Revisit Rates for Pediatric Tonsillectomy: An Analysis of Admit and Discharge Times
Authors: Gilani Sapideh , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To determine the association between intraday timing of outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy and revisit outcomes and complications. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of New York databases. Setting: Ambulatory surgery, emergency department and inpatient hospital settings. Subjects and Methods: The State Ambulatory Surgery, State Emergency Department and State Inpatient Databases for 2010-2011 were analyzed for revisits. Outcomes assessed were revisits for any reason, bleeding, acute pain or fever, nausea, vomiting and dehydration. The relationships between the hour of admission for surgery, the hour of discharge and the revisit outcomes were analyzed. Results: The study included 33,611 children (mean age, 6.62 years; 45.7% female) and 62.0% were admitted in the early morning. Discharges were most common in the early afternoon (28.3%). Revisit rates were significantly higher for the early evening discharges (6.0%) versus late morning discharges (3.1%) ( P < .001). Revisits for bleeding were 1.8% for discharge in the early evening versus 0.6% in the late morning ( P < .001). Revisits for fever, nausea, vomiting or dehydration were 1.8% for discharge in the early evening versus 0.9% in the late morning ( P = .002). Late afternoon admission was significantly associated with higher revisit rates (10.9%, P < .001). Bleeding revisits were highest for late afternoon admit hour (1.5%, P = .001). Revisits for acute pain were also highest for late afternoon admit hour (2.3%, P = .005). Conclusion: Revisit are significantly higher when the patient is discharged late. Late afternoon surgery is also significantly associated with higher revisit rates. Surgeons may wish to consider these findings when a late tonsillectomy or late discharge is anticipated post-tonsillectomy.
Assessment of Tracheostomy and Laryngectomy Knowledge among Non-Otolaryngology Physicians
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-yen , Timbang Leah , Kuhn Maggie , Brodie Hilary , Squires Lane 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Identify knowledge deficits about alternate airways (AAs) (tracheostomy and laryngectomy) among physicians across multiple specialties a tertiary institution and to assess the impact of an educational lecture on improving deficits. Methods: Study Design: Cross-sectional assessment. Setting: Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods: An anonymous 10-item, multiple choice assessment was given to physicians at a tertiary care center in the departments of Otolaryngology, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, General Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics. An educational lecture on AAs was presented. Scores between a pre-lecture and a 3-month post-lecture assessment were compared. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and chi-squared analysis. Results: Otolaryngology physicians scored an average of 97.8%, while non-otolaryngology physicians scored 58.3% ( P < .05). Non-otolaryngology surgical physicians scored 68.4% while non-surgical physicians were lower at 55.1% ( P < .0001). Comparing pre-lecture to post-lecture scores, all non-otolaryngology physicians improved their scores significantly from 58.3% to 86.5% ( P < .005). Non-surgical physicians had significant improvement after the instructional lecture, closing the score gap with surgical physicians for the post-lecture assessment. Discussion: The care of patients with AAs requires an understanding of their basic principles. Our findings identify significant knowledge deficits among non-otolaryngologists. Through an instructional lecture, we demonstrated improvement in knowledge among non-otolaryngology physicians and durability of the knowledge after 3 months. Conclusions: Through an instructional lecture, we found tracheostomy and laryngectomy knowledge deficits can be identified and improved upon. Periodic reinforcement of basic principles for non-otolaryngology physicians may be a promising strategy to ensure the proper care of patients with AAs.
Predictors of response to augmentation treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Rachael W , Marwood Lindsey , Greer Ben , Strawbridge Rebecca , Cleare Anthony J 
Published: September 2019

Background: Treatment-resistant depression is an important contributor to the global burden of depression. Antidepressant augmentation is a recommended treatment strategy for treatment-resistant patients, but outcomes remain poor. Identifying factors that are predictive of response to augmentation treatments may improve outcomes. Aims: This review aimed to synthesise the existing literature examining predictors of response to augmentation treatments in patients who had insufficiently responded to initial treatment. Methods: A systematic search was conducted identifying 2241 unique manuscripts. 24 examining predictors of outcome to pharmacological or psychological augmentation treatment were included in this review. Results: Atypical antipsychotics were the most frequently assessed treatment class (nine studies), closely followed by mood stabilisers (eight studies). Only one eligible psychological augmentation study was identified. Early response to treatment (week 2) was the best-supported predictor of subsequent treatment outcome, reported by six studies. Many predictor variables were only assessed by one report and others such as pre-treatment severity yielded contradictory results, both within and across treatment classes. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of early response as a predictor of pharmacological augmentation outcome, with implications for both the monitoring and treatment of resistant unipolar patients. Further replication is needed across specific interventions to fully assess the generalisability of this finding. However, the clear lack of consistent evidence for other predictive factors both within and across treatments, and the scarce examination of psychological augmentation, demonstrates the need for much more research of a high quality if response prediction is to improve outcomes for patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Is sub-mSv CT for evaluation of non-specific findings in bone scintigraphy of oncological patients feasible?
Authors: Zakko Yousuf , Thor Daniel , Savitcheva Irina , Sundvall Albert , Wassberg Cecilia , Koskinen Seppo K , Axelsson Rimma 
Published: September 2019

Background Hybrid SPECT/CT systems allow the shortening of lead time for investigation of cancer patients, since a complementary CT for radiological characterization of focally increased isotope uptake of unclear origin in bone scintigraphy can be performed simultaneously. The use of low-dose CT (sub-mSv CT) reduces radiation dose compared to standard-dose CT and facilitates the application of complementary CT. Purpose To test the feasibility of sub-mSv CT for the characterization of non-specific findings in the bone scintigraphy of oncological patients. Material and Methods Nineteen oncological patients with a total of 50 findings of unclear origin on bone scintigraphy which required further correlation with morphologic data were included in the study. Each patient underwent two CT scan series consecutively: one low-dose CT and one standard-dose CT. The CT studies were randomized and each finding was rated by four blinded experienced radiologists. A shift in ratings between standard-dose and low-dose images were assessed using the Stuart–Maxwell chi-squared test. Inter-observer agreement and intra-observer agreement was assessed using Light’s kappa and Cohen’s kappa, respectively. Results The mean effective dose of low-dose CT scans was 0.8 mSv compared to 4.2 mSv for the standard-dose CT scans. No statistically significant shift in ratings was observed ( P = 0.62). There was no statistically significant difference in the inter-observer agreements: the values for the standard-dose and low-dose groups were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.79) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.47–0.72), respectively. Conclusion These results indicate that sub-mSv CT for characterization of non-specific findings in bone scintigraphy of oncological patients is feasible.
mGluR5 Facilitates Long-Term Synaptic Depression in a Stress-Induced Depressive Mouse Model
Authors: Jiang Xiangzhi , Lin Wei , Cheng Yuanyuan , Wang Dongming 
Published: September 2019

Background Glutamatergic system has been known to play a role in the pathogenesis of major depression disorder by inducing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR)-dependent LTD. Here, we characterized the LTD in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depressive mouse model. Methods CSDS was used to induce the depressive-like behaviors in C57BL/6 male mice, which were assessed using sucrose preference test and social interaction test. The synaptic strength including LTD and long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by paired-pulse low frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) was measured using whole-cell recording technique. Results CSDS induced depressive-like behaviors and facilitated PP-LFS-induced LTD in hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway in the susceptible mice. Interestingly, mGluR5 but not N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor mediated the PP-LFS-induced LTD. In addition, mGluR5 agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine promoted PP-LFS-induced LTD specifically in susceptible mice, which was diminished by activating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that mGluR5-dependent LTD might be responsible for the development of depressive-like behaviors in CSDS-induced depression mice model.
Introduction: Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine: Historical Research, Public Debates, and Methodological Disputes
Authors: Rossoliński-Liebe Grzegorz 
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe. The Shoah belongs to one of the most thoroughly investigated aspects of modern European history. Scholars have used the Holocaust methodology to study other genocides, or forms of ethnic or political violence. Nevertheless, our understanding of the extermination of the European Jewry is limited, fragmented, and changes constantly due to new investigation methods, research interests, and public debates. The first studies on the Holocaust were conducted already during the Shoah but because of different reasons historians in some countries such as Germany and Ukraine did not pay much attention to them and concentrated rather on the documents left by the perpetrators and their fate during the war. While in Poland the research on the Holocaust never stopped, even if it was subjected to various political and ideological limitations, and the Shoah has been publicly debated since the middle of the 1980s, this was not the case in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, the importance of the Holocaust was discovered in these countries as well and it is currently conceptualized in the framework of regional, national, and European history.
A Multidisciplinary Team-Based Approach to Improve Communication With Surrogates of Patients With Chronic Critical Illness
Authors: Greenberg Jared A. , Gerhart James , Horst Jacqueline N. , Chen Elaine , Hunter Rebecca L. , O’Mahony Sean , Yeow Mei-Ean , Fosler Laura , LaGorio Lisa A. , Meksraityte Edita , Weiss Tyler T. , Nowak Kristen , Geddes Jacqueline , Lambe Stacy S. , Fenton Kara , Shah Raj C. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Clinicians need to deliver prognostic information to surrogates of nondecisional, critically ill patients so that surrogates can make informed medical decisions that reflect the patient’s values. Our objective was to implement a new approach for communicating with surrogates of patients with chronic critical illness. Methods: Surrogate decision makers of patients who were difficult to liberate from mechanical ventilation were prospectively enrolled. Surrogates met with different members of the intensive care unit treatment team for sequential 15-minute appointments to receive patient-specific assessments and education on chronic critical illness. The feasibility and acceptability of this approach were determined. A 24-question comprehension instrument was developed to assess a participant’s understanding that a family member was displaying features of chronic critical illness. Each question was scored from 1 to 5, with larger scores indicating greater comprehension. Results: Over a 15-week period, educational sessions for 9 mechanically ventilated patients were conducted. On average, 2 surrogates per patient (range: 1-4) and 6 members of the interdisciplinary team (range: 4-6) were at each meeting. Surrogates and clinicians had very positive impressions of the communication intervention. The average preintervention comprehension score was 85 of 120 (standard deviation [SD]: 8, range: 71-101). The postintervention comprehension score was greater by 5 points on average (SD: 9, range: −11 to +20 points, P = .04). Conclusions: Surrogates of critically ill patients approved of this novel communication approach and had a greater understanding of the patient’s medical condition after the intervention.
Fast-Track Approach for Breast Reconstructive Surgery in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Motuziuk Igor , Sydorchuk Oleg , Kostiuchenko Yevhenii , Kovtun Natalia , Poniatovskyi Petro 
Published: September 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and implement the concept of fast-track surgery (FTS) for reconstructive breast surgery in patients with breast cancer (BC) to improve early and long-term results of treatment. Materials and methods: The study includes 749 patients with stage 1 to 3 BC. A total of 253 patients with BC got treatment according to FTS program and were included to the core group. Other 496 patients with BC (control group) were not included to the FTS program. Patients were treated from December 2010 to December 2014. All age groups were covered (18-70 years old). Results: There was a significant difference in the average length of hospital stay (LOS) which was 14.27 ± 7.00 days in the core group and 20.11 ± 7.70 days in the control group ( P < .001). In advanced BC cases in the core group, LOS was >8 days lower comparing with the control group on average. The LOS in patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy was 2.7 times lower in the FTS group comparing with the control group. Conclusions: The study results allow us to recommend the concept of FTS for implementation in broad medical practice for breast reconstructive surgery in patients with BC. The FTS program was shown to be effective in all types of breast surgery, including immediate oncoplastic and reconstructive surgeries. The gradual reduction of LOS increased the number of surgeries in our department by 75% from 2008 till 2018.
Effects of the interface categories on the acquisition patterns of English reflexives among learners of English as a foreign language
Authors: Wu Mingjun , Zhang Lawrence Jun , Wu Di , Wang Tongshun 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Binding properties are difficult for learners to fully acquire. This study explored English-as-a-foreign-language learners’ acquisition patterns of the three binding properties of English reflexives and the effectiveness of the Interface Hypothesis. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-two native speakers of Chinese, a language with different binding properties, participated in the study; they were categorized into low, intermediate and advanced groups according to an English proficiency test. They were read 32 stories of 2 to 5 sentences each and were required to provide a comment sentence instantiating the three binding properties; i.e. c-command, subject orientation and locality. Data and analysis: A mixed repeated measures ANOVA was conducted with group and individual results of the experimental task to ascertain whether there were significant differences across different binding properties and among the three proficiency groups. Findings: Results from a truth-value judgment task indicate that the within-groups difficulty order of the three distinct binding properties is that: (a) for the low-proficiency group, c-command was easier than locality and orientation; and (b) for the intermediate-proficiency and the high-proficiency groups, c-command was easier than locality which, in turn, was easier than orientation. Among the three proficiency-groups, four acquisition patterns were found, which standard Binding Theory and its extensions cannot adequately explain. Originality: This is the first study to provide a variable-dependent account. It is argued that success or failure in establishing interface relations in second language grammars is likely to depend on a number of variables, including the involvement of the syntax–lexicon interface, syntax–semantics interface and syntax–discourse interface. Implications: The research suggests that the acquisition of English reflexives is variable-dependent, but not domain-wide. Specifically, the relationship between the binder and anaphoric expression can be established between the anaphors and some of their potential antecedents in second language English grammars, but not others, lending support to the Interface Hypothesis.
Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation After Radiotherapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the Lyman NTCP Model
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Dong Yinping , Fan Min , Yin Yong , Zhu Jian , Li Baosheng , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To analyze the correlation of hepatitis B virus reactivation with patient-related and treatment-related dose–volume factors and to describe the feasibility of hepatitis B virus reactivation analyzed by a normal tissue complication probability model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study and were followed from June 2009 to December 2015. Of the 90 patients, 78 had received conventional fractionation radiotherapy to a mean dose of 39.6 to 50.4 Gy and 12 patients were scheduled to receive hypofractionation. The physical doses were converted into 2 Gy equivalents for analysis. The parameters, TD50 (1), n, and m, of the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman normal tissue complication probability model were derived using maximum likelihood estimation. Bootstrap and leave-one-out were employed to against model overfitting and improve the model stability. Results: Radiation-induced liver diseases were 17.8%, hepatitis B virus reactivation was 22.2%, and hepatitis B virus reactivation-induced hepatitis was 21.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the V 5Gy was associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation; TD50 (1), m, and n were 32.3, 0.55, and 0.71 Gy, respectively, for hepatitis B virus reactivation. Bootstrap and leave-one-out results showed that the hepatitis B virus parameter fits were extremely robust. Conclusion: A Lyman-Kutcher-Burman normal tissue complication probability model has been established to predict hepatitis B virus reactivation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received radiotherapy.
Oral anticoagulation versus antiplatelet or placebo for stroke prevention in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ntaios George , Vemmos Konstantinos , Lip Gregory YH 
Published: September 2019

Background Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of oral anticoagulation in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm reported reduced stroke risk and increased bleeding risk compared to antiplatelets or placebo. However, the effect estimates may be subject to imprecision, as all included trials were prematurely terminated; stroke was not the primary outcome and overall results were primarily driven by a single trial. Recently, new trial data became available. Aim To provide more accurate estimates of the effect of oral anticoagulation on stroke risk in heart failure patients with sinus rhythm by systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials including recently published evidence. Methods We searched PubMed and Scopus for full-text articles of randomized controlled trials of oral anticoagulation versus antiplatelet or placebo in heart failure patients with sinus rhythm published between inception and 28 August 2018. The outcomes assessed were any stroke, major bleeding, and death. Results In five trials (9490 patients; 21,067 patient-years), oral anticoagulation-treated patients had lower stroke risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95%CI: 0.46–0.78, absolute-risk-reduction: 1.3%, number-needed-to-treat: 77), higher major bleeding risk (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.51–2.45, absolute-risk-increase: 2.0%, number-needed-to-harm: 50), and no significant difference in death rates (OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.73–1.11) compared to antiplatelets or placebo. Conclusions In the largest meta-analysis to date, oral anticoagulation is associated with a considerable reduction of stroke risk, which is offset by a significant increase in major bleeding risk. For every 1000 patients treated with oral anticoagulation rather than antiplatelet or no antithrombotic treatment for 2.21 years, 13 strokes are prevented but 20 additional major hemorrhages occur, without significant difference in death rates.