bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algol as Horus in the Cairo Calendar: The Possible Means and the Motives of the Observations
Authors: Porceddu Sebastian , Jetsu Lauri , Markkanen Tapio , Lyytinen Joonas , Kajatkari Perttu , Lehtinen Jyri , Toivari-Viitala Jaana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An ancient Egyptian Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky Days, the Cairo Calendar (CC), assigns luck with the period of 2.850 days. Previous astronomical, astrophysical and statistical analyses of CC support the idea that this was the period of the eclipsing binary Algol three millennia ago. However, next to nothing is known about who recorded Algol’s period into CC and especially how. Here, we show that the ancient Egyptian scribes had the possible means and the motives for such astronomical observations. Their principles of describing celestial phenomena as activity of gods reveal why Algol received the title of Horus.
The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Duff Christopher J. , Solis-Trapala Ivonne , Driskell Owen J. , Holland David , Wright Helen , Waldron Jenna L. , Ford Clare , Scargill Jonathan J. , Tran Martin , Hanna Fahmy W.F. , Pemberton R. John , Heald Adrian , Fryer Anthony A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed, in patients with diabetes, that >50% of monitoring tests for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are outside recommended intervals and that this is linked to diabetes control. Here, we examined the effect of tests/year on achievement of commonly utilised HbA1ctargets and on HbA1cchanges over time.MethodsData on 20,690 adults with diabetes with a baseline HbA1cof >53 mmol/mol (7%) were extracted from Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory records at three UK hospitals. We examined the effect of HbA1ctests/year on (i) the probability of achieving targets of ≤53 mmol/mol (7%) and ≤48 mmol/mol (6.5%) in a year using multi-state modelling and (ii) the changes in mean HbA1cusing a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsThe probabilities of achieving ≤53 mmol/mol (7%) and ≤48 mmol/mol (6.5%) targets within 1 year were 0.20 (95% confidence interval: 0.19–0.21) and 0.10 (0.09–0.10), respectively. Compared with four tests/year, having one test or more than four tests/year were associated with lower likelihoods of achieving either target; two to three tests/year gave similar likelihoods to four tests/year. Mean HbA1clevels were higher in patients who had one test/year compared to those with four tests/year (mean difference: 2.64 mmol/mol [0.24%], p<0.001).ConclusionsWe showed that ≥80% of patients with suboptimal control are not achieving commonly recommended HbA1ctargets within 1 year, highlighting the major challenge facing healthcare services. We also demonstrated that, although appropriate monitoring frequency is important, testing every 6 months is as effective as quarterly testing, supporting international recommendations. We suggest that the importance HbA1cmonitoring frequency is being insufficiently recognised in diabetes management.
A Flux Ratio and a Universal Property of Permanent Charges Effects on Fluxes
Authors: Liu Weishi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this work, we consider ionic flow through ion channels for an ionic mixture of a cation species (positively charged ions) and an anion species (negatively charged ions), and examine effects of a positive permanent charge on fluxes of the cation species and the anion species. For an ion species, and for any given boundary conditions and channel geometry,we introduce a ratio _(Q) = J(Q)/J(0) between the flux J(Q) of the ion species associated with a permanent charge Q and the flux J(0) associated with zero permanent charge. The flux ratio _(Q) is a suitable quantity for measuring an effect of the permanent charge Q: if _(Q) > 1, then the flux is enhanced by Q; if _ < 1, then the flux is reduced by Q. Based on analysis of Poisson-Nernst-Planck models for ionic flows, a universal property of permanent charge effects is obtained: for a positive permanent charge Q, if _1(Q) is the flux ratio for the cation species and _2(Q) is the flux ratio for the anion species, then _1(Q) < _2(Q), independent of boundary conditions and channel geometry. The statement is sharp in the sense that, at least for a given small positive Q, depending on boundary conditions and channel geometry, each of the followings indeed occurs: (i) _1(Q) < 1 < _2(Q); (ii) 1 < _1(Q) < _2(Q); (iii) _1(Q) < _2(Q) < 1. Analogous statements hold true for negative permanent charges with the inequalities reversed. It is also shown that the quantity _(Q) = |J(Q) − J(0)| may not be suitable for comparing the effects of permanent charges on cation flux and on anion flux. More precisely, for some positive permanent charge Q, if _1(Q) is associated with the cation species and _2(Q) is associated with the anion species, then, depending on boundary conditions and channel geometry, each of the followings is possible: (a) _1(Q) > _2(Q); (b) _1(Q) < _2(Q).
Contextualising screen violence: An integrative approach toward explaining of the functions of violent narrative events in audiovisual media
Authors: Tseng Chiao-I 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article aims to examine the narrative impacts and social influences of screen violence in audiovisual media. It suggests an integrative approach to synthesising the recent research findings in different disciplines such as cognitive science, media studies, neuroscience, and social semiotic theories. Based on the theoretical synthesis of narrative effects and persuasive functions, this paper establishes a method for analysing the contextualisation of violent events. In particular, the analytical method focuses on the two main narrative mechanisms for contextualising violent events, justifications of characters’ motivations for using violence and depictions of consequences. This article will apply the method to elucidate how different kinds of contextualisation yield different types of narrative impacts, persuasive potentials, and the ways in which social, political, and ideological issues can be learnt. Furthermore, a typology of characters’ motivations is also provided, which are often used for justifying the characters’ violent actions in audiovisual narratives. This paper also unravels how genre expectations are closely related to narrative functions of screen violence, particularly how genre shapes the viewers’ prediction and interpretation of violent events. Finally, the methods for motivation analysis of violent narrative events are extended to examine a particular genre of interactive audiovisual texts — empathy games.
“Decide Now, Buy Marlboro”: Examining the influence and appeal of Marlboro’s new brand architecture among Filipino adolescents
Authors: Lagasse Lisa P. , Minosa Marela Kay R. , Moran Meghan B. , Cohen Joanna E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In recent years, Philip Morris International (PMI) launched a global rebranding strategy to expand the reach of Marlboro. Using a mixed-methods design, this study evaluated the appeal and influence of Marlboro advertising among Filipino youth. Six hundred and twenty-three adolescents aged 13–17 years old in Metro Manila participated in a survey, including three advertising conditions: two for Marlboro and one for Mighty, a local cigarette brand. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests evaluated differences between the three conditions on participants’ attitudes toward advertisements [measured as identification, likeability, and perceived effectiveness (PE)]. Compared to Mighty, never-smokers rated Marlboro advertisements as more identifiable and likeable. Comparing by smoking status (never vs. ever), multivariable logistic regression assessed the influence of these attitudes on intention to smoke. Increased likeability was associated with greater intention to smoke among never-smokers, and greater PE increased odds of intention to smoke for both never- and ever-smokers. Additionally, six focus group discussions (FGD) explored responses to campaign messaging. Themes were compared within and across groups. Marlboro was also appealing to FGD participants, who described the ads as attractive to youth and promoting “adventure” and “freedom”, whereas the Mighty brand was seen as being for adults and current smokers. Our findings illustrate that Marlboro advertisements are distinctly appealing to youth. Marlboro rhetoric – where consumers are urged to “decide” to “Be Marlboro” – was particularly powerful. These findings support the need for addressing gaps in policies regulating the marketing and promotion of tobacco in the Philippines.
Effect of Non-Ideal Mixing on Heat Transfer of non-Newtonian Liquids in a Mechanically Agitated Vessel
Authors: Billa Triveni , Vishwanadham B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Effect of non-ideal mixing on heat transfer phenomena is studied in an anchor agitated vessel processed with viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Influence of critical variables such as rotational speed and properties of the fluid on heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area has been investigated. Based on the flow pattern generated by an anchor agitator, a multi parameter model for quantifying the extent of non-ideality is developed and the parameters of the model, fraction of well mixed zone and the exchange flow rate are evaluated on the basis of tracer response data. Heat transfer experiments are also conducted under unsteady state conditions using same agitated vessel under similar operating conditions using Castor oil, Castor oil methyl esters (CME) and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC 0.5 %, 1 %), soap solution as process fluids. Based on the results obtained from this analysis, a commercial scale reactor of a capacity of 20 Kl for saponification of hydrogenated castor oil has been designed using different scaleup rules. Power per unit volume found to give desirable results as it gives acceptable values for heat transfer coefficient and power consumption. Equal power per unit volume gives good mixing and high heat transfer coefficient with slightly higher power consumption and the error involved in heat transfer area calculation is small giving optimum cost of the experimental unit.
Mars van Krevelen Mechanism for the Selective Partial Oxidation of Ethane
Authors: Mora-Briseño Paola , Jiménez-García Gladys , Castillo-Araiza Carlos-Omar , González-Rodríguez Horacio , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Maya-Yescas Rafael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ethylene is the most important olefin in the petrochemical context, since it is the main raw material for the production of many polymers. Traditional production of ethylene via thermal cracking and catalytic dehydrogenation consumes large amounts of energy; hence selective partial oxidation of ethane has been considered as an attractive alternative production path. Recently, development of a promising catalyst for selective partial oxidation of ethane, which consists of multi-metallic mixed oxides of Mo, Te, V, and Nb, has been published. It is also noteworthy that this catalytic system starts to be active at temperatures below 400 °C, substantially lower than the one required by commercial thermal processes, >800 °C. In this work, a kinetic mechanism based on Mars van Krevelen formalism is proposed for the selective partial oxidation of ethane, considering the surface itself as active protagonist of the reaction. RedOx steps on active sites are considered as the controlling ones, and the rest of transformations are considered as pseudo-steady steps. It is noticed that there are side reactions, which produces CO and CO2 as combustion by-products. Additionally, there is competition for reduced sites on the catalytic surface, mainly between oxygen and water molecules, which adsorb strongly on these sites. Adjusted results by the mechanism proposed are in agreement with experimental observations of reaction rates diminishing proportionally to partial pressure of water, caused by competition of reduced sites on catalyst surface.
Effects of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Drying on the Texture and Tissue Morphology of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Asghar Ali Mian Noor Hussain , Peng Jian , Bi Jinfeng , Yi Jianyong , Zhao YuanYuan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The effects of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) drying, and blanching-assisted DIC (B + DIC) on texture, volume ratio (VR), colour, microstructures of different tissues, and cell-morphology of fruit and vegetable chips was examined. Results revealed that B + DIC had a significant effect on fruits and vegetable chips as compared with DIC treated. The DIC dried mango chips were observed to have low hardness (26.12 N) and maximum crispness (10.43) that were also observed in mango chips under B + DIC treated (14.66), exhibiting a puffy structure and crispy texture. Well expanded structure which reflected by VR was found in the mango (0.46 mL) and king oyster mushroom (KOM) (0.36 mL) chips under both treatments. The maximum total colour changes (∆E) were also obtained in the mango (30.40) and carrot (42.87) chips under B + DIC. The microstructures of the apple, carrot, KOM and potato chips products, which corresponded to its well expanded appearances, showed a honeycomb-like pores structure, observed for DIC treated apple, fresh potato, B + DIC dried KOM as well as in sweet potato. In addition, the B + DIC-treated carrot chips, pores size, increased the cell wall and expanded. Moreover, the mushroom chips mostly were shrunken after hot water blanching.
Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis
Authors: Chandrakumar Abin , Bhardwaj Aseem , ‘t Jong Geert W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff psychosis (KP), together termed Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), are distinct yet overlapping neuropsychiatric disorders associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine pyrophosphate, the biologically active form of thiamine, is essential for multiple biochemical pathways involved in carbohydrate utilization. Both genetic susceptibilities and acquired deficiencies as a result of alcoholic and non-alcoholic factors are associated with thiamine deficiency or its impaired utilization. WKS is underdiagnosed because of the inconsistent clinical presentation and overlapping of symptoms with other neurological conditions. The identification and individualized treatment of WE based on the etiology is vital to prevent the development of the amnestic state associated with KP in genetically predisposed individuals. Through this review, we bring together the existing data from animal and human models to expound the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions for WE and KP.
Analyzing dependence matrices to investigate relationships between national football league combine event performances
Authors: Russell Brook T. , Hogan Paul 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine takes place annually for the purpose of allowing NFL teams to evaluate prospects. The battery of six physical tests receives a great deal of attention, and are a focus of team personnel as well as fans of NFL teams. Recently, some have suggested that the current battery of tests should be modified. This work aims to characterize the multivariate dependence structure between tests for Combine prospects, for both typical and elite-level performers, for the purpose of better understanding the current battery of tests before making modifications. Through analysis of two pairwise dependence matrices, one quantifying dependence in the center of the distribution and the other quantifying dependence in the tails of the distribution, this analysis finds that several events show differing levels of association, and that fewer Combine events may be sufficient going forward.
Turkish as a Mediterranean language
Authors: Rocchi Luciano 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on linguistic contacts between Turkish as the receiving language and other languages of the Mediterranean area (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, French, Greek, Ibero-Romance varieties, Italian, Serbo-Croatian). In the first part, a general overview is given of the contact situation and historical background; in the second, the treatment of loanwords from the above-mentioned languages in Turkish lexicography is sketched and briefly discussed.
Greek as the receiving language in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
Authors: Trapp Erich 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
During its long history, the Byzantine Empire - a polity that stretched across a whole millennium - came into contact with many neighbouring cultures and languages in Europe, Asia and Africa. In addition to Latin, the most important languages that enriched the medieval Greek vocabulary were: French, Italian, Slavic, Arabic and Turkish. Loanwords occurred - to a greater or lesser extent - in the following areas: nature and landscape, household, government and administration, society, military, church and religion, law and jurisdiction, trade and traffic. Beyond that, there were certain spheres that were influenced by specific languages in particular: Italian left its mark on sailors’ language; Arabic on the natural sciences (medicine, alchemy, astrology and astronomy); and both Italian and Arabic on coins, measures, and weights.
Italian and Arabic
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on Italian and Arabic language contact in the Mediterranean until early modern times. Particular emphasis will be placed on lexical exchange with Italian as the recipient language. The most important contact zone between Arabic and Italian was southern Italy. Numerous Arabic elements also appear in texts and documents of pilgrims, merchants and diplomats who traveled to Arabia as well as in translations from Arabic. Special features of those contacts are dealt with in separate chapters: Arabic as the intermediate language for borrowings with a different remote etymology (Greek, Persian), the various channels of transmission of genuine Arabic elements, the number and status of the borrowings, the degree of familiarity of the travelers with Arabic, basic patterns of formal adaptation and corrupt spellings, and finally, in a brief excursus, Italian elements in Arabic. Additional chapters deal with the strengths and weaknesses of editorial philology, the lexicological and lexicographical treatment of Arabisms and remaining desiderata.
Maltese: blending Semitic, Romance and Germanic lexemes
Authors: Brincat Joseph M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Malta’s position at the centre of the Mediterranean attracted various conquerors and settlers, but in its present form Maltese has its origins in the Arabic dialect introduced by the Muslim conquest around the year 1000. Lexical Latinisation started early under Norman rule and kept increasing steadily up to the twentieth century thanks to contact with Chancery and spoken Sicilian up to the sixteenth century, and then with Italian which was introduced by the Knights of Malta. This article traces the historical developments and their influence on the Maltese language, providing statistics concerning the composition of the lexicon and the various methods by which it can be analysed. A look at the present situation explains how Maltese and English bilingualism in the schools and in society is affecting the spoken variety which is often marked by code-switching.
Judeo-Romance varieties
Authors: Arnold Rafael D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Judeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, only a few dictionaries of JS list loanwords, and they seldom pay attention to their origin or to the semantic shift that occurred during the process of borrowing. A comprehensive dictionary of JS (offering etymological, historical, semantical and diasystematical information) is missing up to now.
Monofunctional and polyfunctional information tools with an operative function
Authors: Agerbo Heidi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Though a vast amount of dictionary analyses have been produced over the years, hardly any of these have mentioned the operative function, which has been overlooked in most lexicographical literature. With short analyses of 12 existing dictionaries ranging from the 18th century to the 21st century, this article shows that many dictionaries have indeed been produced to satisfy operative needs. Based on this result, it is clear that the operative function deserves a place in lexicographical theory. An interesting finding that came out of these analyses was that especially dictionaries from the 18th to the early 20th centuries (the old dictionaries) were written to accommodate several types of information needs that their users would come across in the real world, including operative needs, whereas the focus of most contemporary dictionaries is to satisfy linguistic information needs. This is an interesting change in focus, which this article criticises. Based on the above mentioned analyses, a number of questions are raised to guide future research into the operative function.
Der Europäische Master für Lexikographie 2017 im Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programm
Authors: Bielińska Monika , Schierholz Stefan J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The following report reflects on the activities of EMLex concerning two consortium meetings, the 2nd intake for Erasmus Mundus scholarships and the 4th EMLex Colloquium. It also gives a short overview over the first international summer term after receiving an Erasmus Mundus award for the programme which took place 2017 at the University of Silesia in Katowice.
Effects of Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield And Nitrogen use Efficiency Of Some Newly Released Egyptian Rice Genotypes
Authors: Ghoneim Adel M. , E.E. Gewaily , Osman Marvet M.A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Application of appropriate level of nitrogen fertilization is a major objective to increase nitrogen use efficiency by rice varieties. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to evaluate the efficiency of varying nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield parameters, along with nitrogen use efficiency of some newly released rice varieties (Sakha 108) and some promising lines GZ9399-4-1-1-3-2-2, GZ10101- 5-1-1-1 and GZ10154-3-1-1-1. Five nitrogen levels (i.e. 0, 55, 110, 165 and 220 kg N ha-1) were used. The results from both growing seasons indicated that, Sakha 108 recorded the highest grain yield while GZ10154 and GZ10101 recorded the lowest grain yields. A linear increase in grain yield was observed with continuous rate increase of nitrogen from 0 to 220 kg ha-1, while 220 kg N ha-1 treatment showed maximum grain yield followed by 165 kg N ha-1, with control as minimum. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AE) for studied rice genotypes varied significantly, and ranged from 3.63 to 32.9 and from 2.72 to 34.12 kg grain yield produced per kg of nitrogen applied in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Across N levels, GZ9399 recorded the highest values of AE for the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 165 kg N ha-1 in both seasons.