bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empiric antibiotic prescribing practices for gram-positive coverage of late-onset sepsis in neonatal intensive care units in North America
Authors: Petel Dara Simcha , Isabel Sandra , Lee Kyong-Soon , Ting Joseph Yuk , Kaufman David A , Sanchez Pablo Jose , Khan Sarah , Timberlake Kathryn , Wright James , Science Michelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLate-onset sepsis (LOS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes significant morbidity and mortality, yet guidance on empiric management is limited. We surveyed NICUs across Canada and the United States regarding their empiric antimicrobial regimens for LOS, thereby identifying large practice variations and high rates of empiric vancomycin use.
Multiplexed gastrointestinal PCR panels for the evaluation of diarrhea in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Ford Clyde D. , Lopansri Bert K. , Hunter Bradley D. , Wilkes Jacob , Asch Julie , Hoda Daanish 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:To better delineate multiplexed gastrointestinal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel (MGPP) diagnostic and therapeutic stewardship for patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia including indications and benefits of testing, optimal timing, and interpretation of results.Study design:We retrieved all MGPP ordered on 662 consecutive patients admitted with newly diagnosed acute leukemia between June 2015 and May 2024.Setting:Regional referral center for acute leukemia.Results:Fifty-one (17%) of 305 MGPP obtained on the 198 patients who underwent testing identified at least one and 4 (1%) more than one diarrheagenic pathogen. The probability of a positive result was greater if obtained as an outpatient [20/52(38%)], but was not related to type of leukemia, sex, or age. Among the positive results, the pathogens identified included Clostridioides difficile (78% of tests), norovirus (16%), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (6%), adenovirus 40/41 (4%), and Giardia lamblia (4%). The results of 30 of the 305 tests resulted in a change in treatment (28 C. difficile, 2 G. lamblia). For the MGPP C. difficile results with an accompanying toxin determination, this included treatment following 16/19 tests with a positive toxin result and 11/19 with a negative. Actionable results other than C. difficile were rarely seen in the inpatient population.Conclusions:MGPP testing is most useful when administered as an outpatient and of little benefit for inpatients with hospital-onset diarrhea. Since MGPP is sensitive and does not distinguish between colonization and causes of diarrhea, caution is needed in interpretation of results, especially for toxin-negative C. difficile.
Sustainability of plastic waste management through voluntary initiatives: A case study in Indonesia
Authors: Rucevska Ieva , Ch. Tsakona Maria , Wermter Benedict 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The plastic pollution crisis has resulted in the establishment of many voluntary plastic waste initiatives in Southeast Asia, where most of the plastic leakage occurs. This study aims to assess the sustainability of four types of voluntary, partly or fully externally funded plastic waste initiatives within Indonesia’s current waste management system and anticipate challenges that can arise in the future. The research used the qualitative approach of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats and Internal and External Factors Analysis framework to evaluate the initiatives’ techno-economic, socio-cultural, legislative and environmental sustainability. The results showed that three out of four types of plastic waste initiatives were in the diversification quadrant, and one type was in the survival quadrant. The unfavoured position of the initiatives in the quadrant is mainly due to important regulatory gaps in Indonesia and the lack of a stable funding mechanism. The appropriate strategy for the voluntary plastic waste initiatives to be self-sustainable and a catalyst for sustainable national waste management is to exert pressure on the government to establish an institutionalised and legislated waste management system and endorse a mandatory implementation of the polluter pays principle. Otherwise, improving waste management systems in Indonesia at the macro level could be challenging to achieve.
The Necessity of Public Writing
Authors: Looser Devoney 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Researchers need to reach a new academic normal in which virtually every piece of scholar-facing humanities work generates a public-facing writing component. This essay recounts interactions with a colleague who, in a curriculum meeting, described public humanities as “a hobby.” I suggest arguments and strategies to lead skeptical colleagues to re-envision the value and possibilities – and occasional dangers and pitfalls – of the public humanities. Public writing is a practice that academic humanists should regularly engage in and a mode we must be willing to teach in order to win back public trust in higher education and to reinvigorate humanities research at a time of precarity.
POINTS ON
$x^4+y^4=z^4$
OVER QUADRATIC EXTENSIONS OF
${\mathbb {Q}}(\zeta _8)(T_1,T_2,\ldots ,T_n)$
Authors: THO NGUYEN XUAN 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIshitsuka et al. [‘Explicit calculation of the mod 4 Galois representation associated with the Fermat quartic’, Int. J. Number Theory16(4) (2020), 881–905] found all points on the Fermat quartic
${F_4\colon x^4+y^4=z^4}$
over quadratic extensions of
${\mathbb {Q}}(\zeta _8)$
, where
$\zeta _8$
is the eighth primitive root of unity
$e^{i\pi /4}$
. Using Mordell’s technique, we give an alternative proof for the result of Ishitsuka et al. and extend it to the rational function field
${\mathbb {Q}}({\zeta _8})(T_1,T_2,\ldots ,T_n)$
.
Nutritional status of Saudi obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, one-year follow-up study
Authors: Alqahtani Seham J. , Alfawaz Hanan A. , Awwad Fuad A. , Almnaizel Ahmad T. , Alotaibi Anwar , Bajaber Adnan S. , El-Ansary Afaf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBariatric surgery has significantly increased globally as an effective treatment for severe obesity. Nutritional deficits are common among candidates for bariatric surgery, and follow-up of nutritional status is critically needed for post-surgery healthcare management. This observational prospective study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh. Samples were collected pre- and post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), with the visit intervals divided into four visits: pre-surgery (0M), 3 months (3M), 6 months (6M) and 12 months (12M). Food intake and eating patterns significantly changed during the first year (P < 0·001). The mean energy intake at 3M post-surgery was 738·3 kcal, significantly lower than the pre-surgery energy intake of 2059 kcal. Then, it increased gradually at 6M and 12M to reach 1069 kcal (P < 0·00). The intake of Fe, vitamin B12 and vitamin D was below the dietary reference intake recommendations, as indicated by the 24-hour dietary recall. The prevalence of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency improved significantly from pre- to post-surgery (P < 0·001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was less reported pre-LSG and improved steadily towards a sufficient post-surgery status. However, 35·7 % of participants were deficient in Fe status, with 28·6% being female at higher levels than males. While protein supplementation decreased significantly over the 12M follow-up, the use of vitamin supplements dramatically increased at 3 and 6M before declining at 12M. Fe and vitamin B12 were the most popular supplements after vitamin D. This study confirms the necessity for individualised dietary plans and close monitoring of candidates’ nutritional status before and after bariatric surgery.
Estimating Ideal Points of British MPs Through Their Social Media Followership
Authors: Gaughan Conor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdeal points of MPs in the UK House of Commons (HoC) are characteristically difficult to ascertain due to tight party discipline and strategic voting by opposition members. This research note generates left/right ideal point estimates for 591 British MPs sitting in the HoC as of 22/08/2022, ascertained through their social media followership. Specifically, estimates are derived by conducting correspondence analysis (CA) on MP Twitter (X) follower networks, which are subsequently validated against an expert survey, confirming that these estimates have a high degree of between-party (R2 = 0.93) and within-party (Con: r = 0.84; Lab: r = 0.81) accuracy. The informative value of these estimates is then demonstrated by predicting candidate endorsement in the September 2022 Conservative leadership contest, confirming that an MP's ideal point was a statistically significant predictor of candidate endorsement, with Liz Truss drawing support primarily from the further right of the party.
“It's Not Our Responsibility, But We Need to Do Something”: Explaining Local Government Responses to the Homelessness and Housing Crises
Authors: Smith Alison 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the past five years, there has been a striking increase in the number of people experiencing homelessness, including unsheltered homelessness, across Canada (Infrastructure Canada, 2024). Facing this growing crisis, local governments are changing and expanding their responses. An important innovation is tiny homes, a form of deeply affordable and supportive housing for people leaving homelessness. In this brief article, I ask what explains local government's increased leadership and innovation with respect to homelessness and housing crises. Drawing on interviews and document analysis regarding the development of a tiny homes community in a mid-sized BC municipality, I identify three factors that have contributed to local government's policy innovation: 1) local officials are keenly aware of the inadequacies of federal and provincial responses and of the need for alternative approaches; 2) they hold important resources, notably local knowledge and land; and 3) they are facing pressure to respond from citizens and service providers.
Drug repurposing for hard-to-treat human alveolar echinococcosis: pyronaridine and beyond
Authors: Wang Weisi , Li Jun , Qi Wenjing , Chen Ying , Tian Mengxiao , Wu Chuanchuan , Zhang Yao , Yu Yingfang , Han Shuai , Han Xiumin , Duan Liping , Zhang Wenbao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis is a hard-to-treat and largely untreated parasitic disease with high associated health care costs. The current antiparasitic treatment for alveolar echinococcosis relies exclusively on albendazole, which does not act parasiticidally and can induce severe adverse effects. Alternative, and most importantly, improved treatment options are urgently required. A drug repurposing strategy identified the approved antimalarial pyronaridine as a promising candidate against Echinococcus multilocularis infections. Following a 30-day oral regimen (80 mg kg−1 day−1), pyronaridine achieved an excellent therapeutic outcome in a clinically relevant hepatic alveolar echinococcosis murine model, showing a significant reduction in both metacestode size (72.0%) and counts (85.2%) compared to unmedicated infected mice, which revealed significantly more potent anti-echinococcal potency than albendazole treatment at an equal dose (metacestode size: 42.3%; counts: 4.1%). The strong parasiticidal activity of pyronaridine was further confirmed by the destructive damage to metacestode tissues observed morphologically. In addition, a screening campaign combined with computational similarity searching against an approved drug library led to the identification of pirenzepine, a gastric acid-inhibiting drug, exhibiting potent parasiticidal activity against protoscoleces and in vitro cultured small cysts, which warranted further in vivo investigation as a promising anti-echinococcal lead compound. Pyronaridine has a known drug profile and a long track record of safety, and its repurposing could translate rapidly to clinical use for human patients with alveolar echinococcosis as an alternative or salvage treatment.
Emergency Responses to COVID-19 and Opportunities for Inclusive Social Policy
Authors: Martínez Franzoni Juliana , Sánchez-Ancochea Diego 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article addresses whether responses to COVID-19 created opportunities for future policy change. We explore this matter by presenting a framework rooted in political economy and the literature on pandemics. We argue that the opportunities created by emergency responses are context-specific and that narratives, policy tools, and pro-equity state actors are variables that mediate emergency responses and future opportunities. We ground our analytical contribution on the emergency cash transfers deployed during 2020 following the COVID-19 outbreak in two contrasting Central American countries, Costa Rica and Guatemala. The paper promotes further policy discussion on the opportunities for progressive change in unequal contexts.
Robot imitation from multimodal observation with unsupervised cross-modal representation
Authors: Xu Xuanhui , You Mingyu , Zhou Hongjun , He Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImitation from Observation (IfO) prompts the robot to imitate tasks from unlabeled videos via reinforcement learning (RL). The performance of the IfO algorithm depends on its ability to extract task-relevant representations since images are informative. Existing IfO algorithms extract image representations by using a simple encoding network or pre-trained network. Due to the lack of action labels, it is challenging to design a supervised task-relevant proxy task to train the simple encoding network. Representations extracted by a pre-trained network such as Resnet are often task-irrelevant. In this article, we propose a new approach for robot IfO via multimodal observations. Different modalities describe the same information from different sides, which can be used to design an unsupervised proxy task. Our approach contains two modules: the unsupervised cross-modal representation (UCMR) module and a self-behavioral cloning (self-BC)-based RL module. The UCMR module learns to extract task-relevant representations via a multimodal unsupervised proxy task. The Self-BC for further offline policy optimization collects successful experiences during the RL training. We evaluate our approach on the real robot pouring water task, quantitative pouring task, and pouring sand task. The robot achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Who Is Perceived as Deserving? How Social Identities Shape Attitudes about Disaster Assistance in the United States
Authors: Ross Ashley D. , Rouse Stella M. , Alcañiz Isabella , Marchevsky Alejandra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that as the size of government assistance programs grow, and the recipients of such programs are increasingly non-white and/or non-citizen, public support for them declines. Our study examines this phenomenon on the question of deservingness in federal disaster assistance. Using a 2018 survey experiment that leverages two devastating hurricanes—Hurricane Maria and Hurricane Harvey—that hit different parts of the United States in 2017, we explore how the social identities of race/ethnicity and partisanship affect attitudes about disaster deservingness. Our results demonstrate that although federal disaster assistance has broad support, it is contingent on perceptions about the disaster victim and the type of assistance. Respondents were less likely to support disaster assistance to Hurricane Maria–affected people than those affected by Hurricane Harvey. Moreover, white and Republican respondents were more likely to favor market-based assistance whereas race-/ethnic-minority and Democratic respondents were more likely to support more generous forms of disaster assistance. These findings have important implications for the allocation of disaster funds as climate change intensifies and the frequency of billion-dollar disaster events increases. This is exacerbated by political polarization and heightened social vulnerability due to changing population demographics.
Climate, Conflict, and Context: Reevaluating Americans’ Support for Refugees
Authors: Lajevardi Nazita , Williams Tarah , Stewart Evan , Whitaker Roy 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs more people are displaced by climate change, public acceptance of migrants is an increasingly relevant geographical and political issue. How willing are Americans to accept climate migrants and how does this support compare to others who are fleeing conflict? We conducted a nationally representative survey experiment (N=1,027) with prompts that varied the context of refugee resettlement, including a control condition without context, those displaced by global warming, refugees from Ukraine, and refugees from Afghanistan. Respondents expressed marginally lower willingness to admit climate migrants and significantly higher willingness to admit Ukrainian refugees. These differences were amplified by partisanship, religion, and race. These results suggest that some migrants experience a more welcoming public than others and highlight a challenge for those who are made vulnerable by climate change.
Populism, non-state actors and right-wing legal mobilization in Europe
Authors: Kocemba Karolina , Stambulski Michał 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article serves as an introduction to the special issue on ‘Populism and Right-Wing Legal Mobilization in Europe’. We point to the dependence of populists in power on non-state actors: populist governments have ideological and political reasons to need the support of civil society’s right-wing representatives and have the financial and institutional means to strengthen those organizations. We then map right-wing legal mobilization in Europe based on the analyses in the special issue. By right-wing legal mobilization, we understand the organized efforts, resources, and strategies employed by individuals, groups, or organizations with conservative or right-leaning ideologies to embody their values in positive law and its interpretation. The text concludes with a dynamic normative framework to assess this type of mobilization. Drawing on recent contributions from comparative constitutional law, human rights, and socio-legal studies, we argue that the analysis and evaluation of right-wing legal mobilization could be based on a comprehensive analysis of three bundles of issues: (1) the relationship between mobilizing actors and the courts, as well as the local standard of judicial independence, (2) the relation of right-wing argumentation to systemic linkages and historical trajectories of human rights, (3) the redistributive effect (economic and symbolic) and the potential success of such mobilization on the legal capacities of other actors who may have opposing interests. From this perspective, the problematic part of right-wing legal mobilization in the context of populism is, therefore, not its ideological, conservative character but its influence on the rule of law to gain strategic advantage. In the process, the very idea of the rule of law and the related issue of civic agency may be compromised.
Mapping the potentials and pitfalls of using European law for strategic litigation against illiberal reforms
Authors: Cebulak Pola 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe toolbox for resisting illiberalism is quite diverse. It includes high-level diplomatic negotiations concerning sanctions to enforce democracy and citizens’ mobilisation for local causes. This article focuses on strategic litigation as legal mobilisation, relying on the language of rights and the rule of law and addressing courts as defenders of liberal democracy. Such mobilisation leads to litigation before national and European courts concerning issues such as media freedom, judicial independence, minority rights or the rights of migrants. In order to be authoritative, however, courts need support from political institutions at national and EU levels from the transnational judicial community and from civil society. The embeddedness in structured civil causes and organisations seems particularly relevant in the context of strategic litigation. This article aims to map out particular factors in the EU legal and institutional systems that directly affect the prospects of strategic litigation against illiberal reforms using EU law.On the one hand, the EU legal system does not provide direct access to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). The multilevel system of judicial protection in the EU means that litigation aimed at resisting illiberalism mostly needs to start before national courts, making it vulnerable to political capture of national judiciary. On the other hand, the EU law system is based on the purposive constitutional framework of the Treaties. The tendency to follow a teleological interpretation of the CJEU makes it a promising ground for advocating for new interpretations of the law in light of a changing social context. Finally, EU law is a system with a particular legal culture and a field of experts who are well-versed in applying that culture. This field does not directly overlap with the specialised lawyers who often initiate strategic litigation; who tend to be experts in the fields of migration, transparency or the environment; and who do not have a broader understanding of EU law and its integration logic.
How conservative groups fight liberal values and try to ‘moralize’ the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Cliquennois Gaëtan , Chaptel Simon , Champetier Brice 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the growing litigation before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) by conservative European Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) who exploit legal opportunities and other advocacy tactics. These actors oppose the liberal insistence on permissive individual freedom, minority rights and mandatory vaccination. Instead, they promote the sanctity of life, traditional values and harsh terrorism penalties. In this study we show that conservative legal mobilisation is not only related to litigation but also covers the execution of certain ECtHR judgments and the nomination of some European judges. We analyse their tactics using legal and sociolegal methodology (interviews, analysis of legal documents and jurisprudence and network analysis) to characterise their influence on the European human rights system and the reactions of the Council of Europe. We reflect on the moral values claimed by conservative NGOs and their liberal counterparts by analysing how powerful private actors, driven by material and moral interests, take creative initiatives that shape or reshape case law and its politicisation through alliances with so-called ‘illiberal’ and ‘populist’ states.