bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematic eating behaviors and attitudes predict long‐term incident metabolic syndrome and diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Yoon Cynthia , Jacobs David R. , Duprez Daniel A. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Steffen Lyn M. , Mason Susan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundProblematic relationship to eating and food (PREF) captures a broad range of unhealthy eating behaviors. We previously reported that higher BMI is associated with PREF and graded by the number of PREF endorsed. In this study, we prospectively examined the association between PREF and metabolic syndrome and diabetes.MethodEight PREF behaviors were assessed and summed to form the PREF score in 3800 black and white adults (age 27–41 years) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diagnoses of incident metabolic syndrome and diabetes were made through 15 years of follow‐up. Logistic regression estimated the association with metabolic syndrome. Proportional hazards regression estimated the association with diabetes.ResultsThe odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was 1.25 per PREF point through 5 years of follow‐up (95% CI: 1.17–1.34) and 1.17 per point from 5 to 10 years of follow‐up (95% CI: 1.08–1.27). Hazard of diabetes was 1.20 per PREF point through 15 years of follow‐up (95% CI: 1.12–1.28). Both associations attenuated after adjustment for BMI.DiscussionAmong participants with PREF, higher scores associate with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, with partial attenuation after adjustment for BMI. Early identification of PREF in middle‐aged adults may reduce the burden of metabolic health outcomes.
Identity configurations and well‐being during normative cultural conflict: The roles of multiculturals’ conflict management strategies and academic stage
Authors: Arias‐Valenzuela Melisa , Amiot Catherine E. , Ryder Andrew G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMulticulturals encounter normative cultural conflicts (intrapersonal conflicts between their cultures’ norms). Yet, no research has examined how these conflicts are managed, nor their antecedents and repercussions. This article examined how these conflicts are managed using two sets of conflict management strategies (active and agreeable) and tested whether they mediate the associations between identity configurations and well‐being. Also, as the benefits of having integrated selves typically increase in later life stages, this article examined whether the associations between identity configurations and well‐being differ between earlier (pre‐university) and later academic stages (university). In Study 1 (N = 235), active strategies mediated the link between identity integration and well‐being, whereas agreeable strategies mediated the link between compartmentalization and ill‐being. In Study 2 (N = 241), these results were replicated. Study 2 further showed that the association between identity integration and well‐being was stronger among university than pre‐university students. Implications of these results are discussed.
Computational grid, subgrid, and pixels
Authors: Casulli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2019

SummaryFree‐surface flows in rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas are strongly dominated by the geometrical details of the study area. Nowadays, accurate bathymetric data are easily available on raster‐based digital elevation models with an impressive spatial resolution. These data are often accessible as large two‐dimensional arrays containing several millions of pixel values. Recent numerical methods are very efficient and rather accurate but far from being able to solve the governing differential equations on a computational grid with such a fine spatial resolution. In the present investigation, the unaltered pixel values from a digital elevation model are clustered to form subgrids of a coarser computational grid. Artificial cross‐flow between disconnected areas is inhibited by introducing cell clones and edge clones. Each clone consists of directly connected pixels. It is shown how the resulting computational grid is able to resolve geometrical details of complex study areas to pixel resolution and for any grid size. As an example, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested to simulate a typical tidal flow in the San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta area by using an extreme subgrid resolution given by a digital elevation model containing 196 000 000 pixels with 10 m pixel size.
Regionally selective knockdown of astroglial glutamate transporters in infralimbic cortex induces a depressive phenotype in mice
Authors: Fullana M. Neus , Ruiz‐Bronchal Esther , Ferrés‐Coy Albert , Juárez‐Escoto Elena , Artigas Francesc , Bortolozzi Analia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElevation of energy metabolism and disturbance of astrocyte number/function in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) contributes to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Functional hyperactivity of vACC may result from reduced astrocytic glutamate uptake and increased neuronal excitation. Here we tested this hypothesis by knocking‐down astrocytic glutamate transporter GLAST/GLT‐1 expression in mouse infralimbic (IL, rodent equivalent of vACC) or prelimbic (PrL) cortices using RNAi strategies. Unilateral siRNA (small interfering RNA) microinfusion targeting GLAST or GLT‐1 in mouse IL induced a moderate (20–30%) and long‐lasting (7 days) decrease in their expression. Intra‐IL GLAST‐/GLT‐1 siRNA microinfusion reduced the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive and glutamine synthetase (GS)‐positive astrocytes and evoked a depressive‐like phenotype reversed by citalopram and ketamine. Intra‐IL GLAST or GLT‐1 knockdown markedly reduced serotonin (5‐HT) release in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and induced an overall reduction of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. Egr‐1 (early growth response protein‐1) labeling suggests that both siRNAs enhance the GABAergic tone onto DR 5‐HT neurons, leading to an overall decrease of 5‐HT function, likely related to the widespread reduction on BDNF expression. Conversely, similar reductions of GLAST and GLT‐1 expression in PrL did not induce a depressive‐like phenotype. These results suggest that a focal glial change in IL translates into global change of brain activity by virtue of the descending projections from IL to DR and the subsequent attenuation of serotonergic function in forebrain, an effect perhaps related to the varied symptomatology of MDD.
Value of a smartphone‐compatible thermal imaging camera in the detection of peroneal artery perforators: Comparative study with computed tomography angiography
Authors: Chen Rui , Huang Zhi‐Quan , Chen Wei‐Liang , Ou Zhan‐Peng , Li Shi‐Hao , Wang Jian‐Guang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of a smartphone‐compatible thermal imaging camera in the mapping of the peroneal artery perforators.MethodsTwelve consecutive patients scheduled for fibular flap reconstruction were enrolled. The lower limbs were first studied using smartphone‐based dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT). During the rewarming, the hotspots were marked, small rubber markers were taped to the registered sites, and then the patients were sent for a CT scan. The diagnostic performance of smartphone‐based DIRT was evaluated by comparing the DIRT findings with CT angiography and intraoperative findings.ResultsDIRT detected 42 of the 57 dominant perforators in 24 limbs and resulted in a sensitivity of 73.7% and a positive predictive value of 65.6%.ConclusionsThe sensitivity and positive predictive value of the smartphone‐based DIRT are low. Currently, it should be used as an adjunctive tool together with the established imaging techniques.
Prognostic factors in patients with soft palate squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schernberg Antoine , Canova Charles , Blanchard Pierre , Gorphe Philippe , Breuskin Ingrid , Mirghani Haitham , Moya‐Plana Antoine , Janot François , Bidault Francois , Chargari Cyrus , Bellefqih Sara , Ruffier Amandine , Even Caroline , Nguyen France , Temam Stéphane , Tao Yungan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo define the prognostic factors associated with outcome in patients with soft palate squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsPreviously untreated patients with soft palate and uvula SCC treated in our institution between 1997 and 2012 were collected. The prognostic value of clinical, hematological, and treatment characteristics was examined.ResultsWe identified 156 patients, median age 58 years, with 71% drinkers, 91% smokers; 19% had synchronous cancer. Front‐line treatment was chemoradiotherapy in 58 (37%), radiotherapy alone in 60 (39%), surgery in 17 (11%), and induction chemotherapy in 21 patients (14%). The 5‐year actuarial overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 41% and 37%, respectively. In univariate analysis, T3‐T4 vs T1‐T2 stage, N2‐N3 vs N0‐N1 stage, and neutrophil count >7 g/L were associated with worse OS and PFS (P < .05).ConclusionIn patients with soft palate SCC, inflammation biomarkers were associated with OS.
Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Jeong Won , Ban Myung Jin , Park Jae Hong , Lee Sang Mi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to the disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe enrolled 152 HNSCC patients who underwent staging 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT). Maximum FDG uptake (standardized uptake value [SUV]) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor and volume, CT‐attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]), and FDG uptake of SAT and VAT were measured. Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to assess the relationship between the adipose tissue parameters of PET/CT and survival.ResultsPatients with low VAT volume and high VAT HU had significantly worse progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival than those with high VAT volume and low VAT HU. On multivariate analysis, the volume and HU of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, TNM stage, serum C‐reactive protein, maximum SUV, and TLG.ConclusionThe volume and CT‐attenuation of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival in patients with HNSCC.
Two‐dimensional graphene oxide‐reinforced porous biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Farshid Behzad , Lalwani Gaurav , Mohammadi Meisam Shir , Sankaran Jeyantt Srinivas , Patel Sunny , Judex Stefan , Simonsen John , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of two‐dimensional (2D) graphene oxide nanoribbons and nanoplatelets (GONRs and GONPs) reinforced porous polymeric nanocomposites. Highly porous poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing 0.2 wt % single‐ and multiwalled SONRs (SWGONRs and MWGONRs) and GONPs. The mechanical properties of scaffolds were characterized using compression testing and in vitro cytocompatibility was assessed using QuantiFlour assay for cellularity and PrestoBlue assay for cell viability. Immunofluorescence was used to assess collagen‐I expression and deposition in the extracellular matrix. Porous PPF scaffolds were used as a baseline control and porous single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) reinforced nanocomposites were used as positive controls. Results show that incorporation of 2D graphene nanomaterials leads to an increase in the mechanical properties of porous PPF nanocomposites with following the trend: MWGONRs > GONPs > SWGONRs > MWCNTs > SWCNTs > PPF control. MWGONRs showed the best enhancement of compressive mechanical properties with increases of up to 26% in compressive modulus (i.e., Young's modulus), ~60% in yield strength, and ~24% in the ultimate compressive strength. Addition of 2D nanomaterials did not alter the cytocompatibility of porous PPF nanocomposites. Furthermore, PPF nanocomposites reinforced with SWGONRs, MWGONRs, and GONPs show an improvement in the adsorption of collagen‐I compared to PPF baseline control. The results of this study show that 2D graphene nanomaterial reinforced porous PPF nanocomposites possess superior mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and increased protein adsorption. The favorable cytocompatibility results opens avenues for in vivo safety and efficacy studies for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1143–1153, 2019.
Comparison between poliglecaprone and chitosan absorbable sutures in laparorrhaphy and cecorrhaphy in rabbits
Authors: Ávila Filho Saulo Humberto , Dias Ferreira Kamilla , Vieira da Silva Rogério , Vieira de Souza Silva Estela , Fernandes Santos Catelan Beatriz , Brianezi Dignani de Moura Veridiana Maria , Franco da Silva Luiz Antônio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite improvements in the development of sutures and surgical techniques of laparorrhaphy and enterorrhaphy, complications resulting from the process of intestinal and muscular healing after simple enterorrhaphy or enteroanastomoses followed by laparorrhaphy are still frequent. The poliglecaprone 25 (PG) suture is commonly used in this type of surgical procedure due to the induction of little tissue reaction, rapid absorption by hydrolysis, and the absence of capillarity. The chitosan (CG) yarn, despite promising results in in vivo tests, is still rarely used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of CG in the procedures of medium laparorrhaphy and cecorrhaphy in rabbits. A total of 42 rabbits were allocated in two groups (n = 21), one referring to raffia procedures using CG and another to postoperatively PG. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations occurred postoperatively on days 5, 15, and 25. The incidence of postoperative complications such as fibrin accumulation, granulomas, partial dehiscence of the muscular wound, and formation of adhesions was similar in the study groups. In the microscopic evaluation, abdominal muscle healing presented granulation tissue at higher intensity and lower fibrosis at 15 days postoperatively in the CG animals, as well as a greater intensity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in the rabbits' cecorrhaphy area, also at 15 days when compared to PG animals. The conclusion is that the CG yarn comprises biomaterial useful to the laparorrhaphy and cecorrhaphy procedures in rabbits, representing a promising alternative for use in other species and anatomical locations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2102–2108, 2019.
The effect of esterase enzyme on aging dental composites
Authors: Oskoe Sepideh Karkouti , Drummond James L. , Rockne Karl J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe measured the push‐out and diametral tensile strength of dental restorative composites following aging under environmental conditions relevant to the oral cavity; air (A), artificial saliva (AS), acidified (50 mM CH3COOH, pH = 4.7) artificial saliva (AS + HAc), and AS with esterase enzyme (AS + ENZ). Cylindrical test specimens (6.3 mm diameter by 5.1 mm long) were prepared by placing 0.3 g of nanofilled composite in an epoxy ring and cured. Twenty samples were aged in each environment for 163–186 days at 37°C. The push‐out strengths (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM], in MPa) for specimens were: A‐2.4 ± 0.2, AS‐7.3 ± 0.5, AS + HAc‐7.2 ± 0.9, and AS + ENZ‐6.0 ± 0.6. Following the push‐out test, the diametral tensile strength and elasticity were immediately determined. The diametral tensile strengths (mean ± SEM, in MPa) for specimens were: A‐54.0 ± 1.6, AS‐31.4 ± 1.3, AS + HAc‐34.3 ± 1.2, and AS + ENZ‐22.5 ± 0.7. The push‐out strength was lowest for the A environment due to shrinkage of the composite. The push‐out strength increased significantly as water diffused into the specimens (AS and AS + HAc) but decreased significantly in the enzyme environment (AS + ENZ). The diametral tensile strength was highest for specimens in the A environment, which was significantly higher than both the AS and AS + HAc specimens and > 2× higher than the AS + ENZ specimens. The results indicated that a water environment (with or without acid) caused a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of this composite, but the greatest decrease was seen in water with esterase. This is the first study to demonstrate that esterase enzymes affect the bulk strength of a commonly used commercial dental composite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2178–2184, 2019.
Hierarchical Fe3O4‐derived organic/inorganic hybrids constructed by modified bio‐inspired functionalization: efficient adsorbents for water‐soluble methylene blue and mechanism
Authors: Zhan Yingqing , Zhao Shumei , Wan Xinyi , He Shuangjiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of efficient and sustainable adsorbents is still a challenge for dye removal in practical applications. Here a method to prepare hierarchical Fe3O4‐derived organic/inorganic hybrid adsorbents for methylene blue removal is demonstrated. Typically, two different structured magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through solvothermal route and chemical co‐precipitation (named as S‐Fe3O4 and C‐Fe3O4 respectively), which were further functionalized by a novel modified mussel‐inspired method with dopamine (DA) and (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (KH550), thus obtaining core‐shell Fe3O4/poly(DA + KH550) adsorbents.ResultsThe effects of microstructure, morphology and surface functionalization on the adsorption performance of core‐shell Fe3O4 adsorbents were systematically investigated, thus achieving target structurally optimized core‐shell Fe3O4 adsorbents. Especially, the maximum adsorption capacity of core‐shell S‐Fe3O4/poly(DA + KH550) adsorbent reached 400.00 mg g−1 because of high specific surface area and abundant active adsorption sites. In addition, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitted a pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir model respectively.ConclusionThe recycling process of adsorbent is sustainable in economy and energy by applying an external permanent magnet. In summary, the high adsorption capacity, easy separation and excellent reusability of S‐Fe3O4/poly(DA + KH550) core‐shell adsorbents make them promising for dye effluent removal. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Usefulness of ultrasound fetal anthropometry in primary and secondary screening to identify small for gestational age: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Goto Eita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound fetal anthropometry in primary and secondary screening to identify small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsTen databases, for example, PubMed (MEDLINE), were searched to include all English‐language studies published since 2015 that provided true‐positive and false‐positive and true‐negative and false‐negative results of SGA identification. A bivariate diagnostic meta‐analysis was performed to summarize the sensitivity and specificity as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR, respectively) of ultrasound fetal anthropometry for identification of SGA.ResultsSensitivity and NLR are important in primary screening. Both femur length and anthropometric formulas showed low sensitivity, although abdominal circumference showed moderate sensitivity. Abdominal circumference, femur length, and anthropometric formulas did not have sufficiently low NLR. However, specificity and PLR are important in secondary screening. Abdominal circumference, femur length, and anthropometric formulas all showed high specificity. Neither abdominal circumference nor femur length had sufficiently high PLR, but anthropometric formulas showed sufficiently high PNL.ConclusionsAbdominal circumference, femur length, and anthropometric formulas are unsuitable in primary screening to identify SGA. However, anthropometric formulas, but not abdominal circumference and femur length, are useful in secondary screening to identify SGA.
Investigation of inner ear anatomy in mouse using X‐ray phase contrast tomography
Authors: Yin Hong‐Xia , Zhang Peng , Wang Zheng , Liu Yun‐Fu , Liu Ying , Xiao Ti‐Qiao , Yang Zheng‐Han , Xian Jun‐Fang , Zhao Peng‐Fei , Li Jing , Lv Han , Ding He‐Yu , Liu Xue‐Huan , Zhu Jian‐Ming , Wang Zhen‐Chang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA thorough understanding of inner ear anatomy is important for investigators. However, investigation of the mouse inner ear is difficult due to the limitations of imaging techniques. X‐ray phase contrast tomography increases contrast 100–1,000 times compared with conventional X‐ray imaging. This study aimed to investigate inner ear anatomy in a fresh post‐mortem mouse using X‐ray phase contrast tomography and to provide a comprehensive atlas of microstructures with less tissue deformation. All experiments were performed in accordance with our institution's guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals. A fresh mouse cadaver was scanned immediately after sacrifice using an inline phase contrast tomography system. Slice images were reconstructed using a filtered back‐projection (FBP) algorithm. Standardized axial and coronal planes were adjusted with a multi‐planar reconstruction method. Some three‐dimensional (3D) objects were reconstructed by surface rendering. The characteristic features of microstructures, including otoconia masses of the saccular and utricular maculae, superior and inferior macula cribrosae, single canal, modiolus, and osseous spiral lamina, were described in detail. Spatial positions and relationships of the vestibular structures were exhibited in 3D views. This study investigated mouse inner ear anatomy and provided a standardized presentation of microstructures. In particular, otoconia masses were visualized in their natural status without contrast for the first time. The comprehensive anatomy atlas presented in this study provides an excellent reference for morphology studies of the inner ear.
Rapid thermal immune acclimation in common musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus)
Authors: Goessling Jeffrey M. , Ward Chelsea , Mendonça Mary T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs infectious diseases in ectothermic vertebrates increasingly threaten wild populations, understanding how host immune systems are affected by the environment is key to understanding the process of infection. In this study, we investigated how temperature change and simulated bacterial infection (via lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) interacted to regulate innate immunity, as measured by bactericidal ability (BA), phagocytosis rate, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (HLR) in common musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus). We found that LPS stimulated an acute immune response, as measured by an increase in BA, phagocytosis rate, and HLR. When exposed to a 5 or 10°C temperature change for 48 hr, turtles rapidly acclimated to the new temperature by adjusting their immune output. This acclimation was compensatory as seen by elevated rates of immune output in colder animals and decreased rates of immune output in warmer animals. These results indicate that while temperature change may be a constraint on some animals,
S. odoratus have the ability to rapidly adjust immunity to match environmental thermal demand. This rapid ability to adjust immunity may be related to the broad geographic distribution of musk turtles. Future research should focus on how immune acclimation in ectotherms varies both intraspecifically and interspecifically across regional scales and geographic distributions.