bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Litigation politics: social movement activity in campus sexual assault litigation
Authors: Levitsky Sandra R. , Yeh Jesse , Armstrong Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCritics point to increasing private lawsuits filed by students accused of campus sexual assault as evidence that Obama-era Title IX guidance overcorrected and favored victims at the expense of the due process rights of the accused. This overcorrection narrative powerfully reshaped the debate surrounding campus sexual assault and ultimately contributed to the rescinding of the guidance. Existing analytical tools from legal mobilization scholarship – emphasizing the deployment of litigation by social movement actors – are not equipped to identify the origins and dissemination of this political narrative. Drawing from legal complaints, media coverage and interviews with lawyers, we show how private practice attorneys with no visible movement ties helped craft the overcorrection narrative from individual lawsuits by (1) embedding political claims in legal filings, (2) amplifying the narrative in media and (3) collaborating with advocates in quantifying the litigation trend. We extend prior scholarship and illustrate how lawsuits can be both a vehicle of political storytelling and the story itself. We further argue that the ideology of liberal legalism can mask the politics of private lawsuits, making litigation a useful tool for social movement efforts to mobilize support for legal reform.
Probing magneto-ionic microstructure towards the Vela pulsar using a prototype SKA-Low station
Authors: Lee C. P. , Bhat N. D. R. , Sokolowski M. , Meyers B. W. , Magro A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Vela pulsar (J0835

$-$

4510) is known to exhibit variations in Faraday rotation and dispersion on multi-decade timescales due to the changing sightline through the surrounding Vela supernova remnant and the Gum Nebula. Until now, variations in Faraday rotation towards Vela have not been studied on timescales less than around a decade. We present the results of a high-cadence observing campaign carried out with the Aperture Array Verification System 2 (AAVS2), a prototype SKA-Low station, which received a significant bandwidth upgrade in 2022. We collected observations of the Vela pulsar and PSR J0630

$-$

2834 (a nearby pulsar located outside the Gum Nebula), spanning

$\sim$

1 and

$\sim$

0.3 yr, respectively, and searched for linear trends in the rotation measure (RM) as a function of time. We do not detect any significant trends on this timescale (

$\sim$

months) for either pulsar, but the constraints could be greatly improved with more accurate ionospheric models. For the Vela pulsar, the combination of our data and historical data from the published literature have enabled us to model long-term correlated trends in RM and dispersion measure (DM) over the past two decades. We detect a change in DM of

$\sim$

0.3

$\mathrm{cm}^{-3}\,\mathrm{pc}$

which corresponds to a change in electron density of

$\sim$

$10^5\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$

on a transverse length scale of

$\sim$

1–2 au. The apparent magnetic field strength in the time-varying region changes from

$240^{+30}_{-20}\,\mu\mathrm{G}$

to

$-6.2^{+0.7}_{-0.9}\,\mu\mathrm{G}$

over the time span of the dataset. As well as providing an important validation of polarimetry, this work highlights the pulsar monitoring capabilities of SKA-Low stations, and the niche science opportunities they offer for high-precision polarimetry and probing the microstructure of the magneto-ionic interstellar medium.
Moral equality and reprogenetic autonomy in the genomic era
Authors: Gurcan Ozan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I question the argument from human dignity found in the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights (UDHGHR) and in the recent views of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC). I focus on what this argument says about the permissibility of two broad categories of reprogenetic choices that may be available to prospective parents in the genomic era. The argument from human dignity holds that non-medical genetic selection and somatic enhancements ought to be prohibited because they violate the principle of human dignity. I argue that human dignity need not be violated by the enterprise of human genetic selection/somatic enhancement if reasonable social safeguards are established. In particular, I argue that respecting the reprogenetic choices of the decision-maker is paramount within the boundaries of (i) prohibiting the infliction of a shortened lifespan or pain upon the child; (ii) prohibiting the actualization of demeaning beliefs or intentions such as viewing certain groups as inferior; (iii) prohibiting the choice resulting from an expression of unwillingness to love and care for the child; and, with respect to somatic gene enhancements in particular, (iv) the potentially unjustified effects of the enhancement on others, if any, are reasonably addressable (and addressed) via social modifications so as to ensure the enhancement no longer risks adversely affecting them. With these limits, reprogenetic autonomy cannot be said to undermine the dignity of humans by creating unjustified harms or expressing demeaning ideas.
Association between dietary tea consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study based on Mendelian randomisation and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) association between tea and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Li Quanpeng , Chen Peng , Wang Yuting , Ge Xianxiu , Wang Fei , Zhou Mengyue , Xu Jianing , Zhu Yingting , Miao Lin , Deng Xueting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTea can improve the progression of some metabolic diseases through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still controversial. The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between tea and NAFLD by Mendelian randomisation (MR) and complete clinical validation using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. MR used data from Genome Wide Association Study, with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as principal analytical methods. The reliability of the results was verified by a series of sensitivity and heterogeneity tests. Subsequently, clinical validation was conducted using NHANES (2005–2018), involving 22 257 participants, grouped by the type of tea. Green tea drinkers were categorised into four groups (Q1–Q4) by quartiles of green tea intake, from lowest to highest (similar for black tea drinkers and other tea drinkers). Models were constructed by logistic regression to estimate the role of tea consumption (Q1–4) on NAFLD. Finally, using fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) to evaluate the severity of hepatic fibrosis, the effect of tea consumption (Q1–4) on the degree of hepatic fibrosis was investigated by linear regression. IVW method (OR = 0·43, 95 % CI: 0·21, 0·85, P = 0·01) and weighted median method (OR = 0·35, 95 % CI: 0·14, 0·91, P = 0·03) revealed there was a causal relationship between tea and NAFLD. An array of sensitivity analyses validated the reliability of results. Analysis of NHANES indicated tea drinker present a slightly lower prevalence of NAFLD than non-tea drinker (green tea drinkers: 47·6 %, black tea drinkers: 46·3 %, other tea drinker: 43·2 %, non-tea drinkers: 48·1 %, P < 0·05). After adjusting for confounders, compared with the lowest black tea consumption (Q1), the population with the highest black tea consumption (Q4) was independently related to lower presence of NAFLD (Q4: OR = 0·69, 95 % CI: 0·50, 0·93, P < 0·05), such association remained stable in the overweight subgroup. As further analysed, Q4 also displayed a significant negative correlation with the level of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD (β = –0·073, 95 % CI: –0·126, −0·020, P < 0·01).Tea reduces the morbidity of NAFLD and ameliorates hepatic fibrosis degree in those already suffering from the disease.
British Military Music and the Legacy of the Napoleonic Wars
Authors: O’Keeffe Eamonn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Historians have increasingly stressed the impact of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars on Britain and Ireland. Less attention, however, has been paid to the legacies of martial mobilization after 1815. Drawing on hitherto unused press and archival sources, this article assesses the implications of wartime military expansion for the music profession, and musical culture more generally, in the decades after Waterloo. It demonstrates that men and boys who honed their instrumental skills in uniform embarked on a variety of civilian musical careers, becoming instructors, wind performers, composers, and even opera singers. The article traces the post-war circulation of regimental instruments and reveals that a multitude of militia and volunteer bands remained active long after demobilization. The wartime proliferation of military bands, moreover, encouraged the subsequent spread of quasi-martial wind ensembles in wider society. Finally, the article proves that brass bands were first introduced to Britain and Ireland in a regimental guise. The influence of the military on musical culture after 1815, in short, was palpable and often profound, and manifested itself in numerous ways and settings.
Product Liability in an Age of Development Risks: Should South Africa Reconsider Adopting a Development Risk Defence?
Authors: Tennant Sarah-Lynn , Van Heerden Corlia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo provide protection against harm caused by defective, unsafe products and to promote product safety, the law of product liability has developed as a specialized area of the law of delict (tort). The vexing question is, who should bear such liability? This contribution interrogates the notorious EU development risk defence, which exonerates manufacturers that meet certain stringent requirements for undiscoverable development risks in products that consequently inflict harm on consumers. In particular, it considers the election by South Africa, which recently adopted a “strict” product liability regime with the introduction of the Consumer Protection Act 2008, not to adopt such a defence. The purpose of this contribution is to consider the nature and scope of the development risk defence as contained in article 7(e) of the European Union (EU) Product Liability Directive and to determine whether it was prudent for South Africa to steer clear of incorporating a similar defence in its new statutory product liability regime.
One Offence, Different Intentions: The Judicial Controversy of the Mens Rea for the Offence of Attempted Murder in Botswana
Authors: Dambe Baboki Jonathan , Balule Badala Tachilisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCertainty is a cornerstone of every criminal justice system. In instances where controversy arises as to the application of any law, it is essential for it to be addressed promptly. Contrary to this need for certainty, there is judicial ambiguity regarding the mens rea for the offence of attempted murder in Botswana. There are cases which hold that the mens rea required is a specific intention to kill, and that nothing else suffices. However, some cases hold that an intention to cause grievous harm and recklessness are also sufficient. Unfortunately, the Court of Appeal, the apex court in Botswana, has made decisions that support each of these divergent positions. This article addresses the controversy of the mens rea for attempted murder in Botswana and argues that the Court of Appeal should resolve the issue by specifically overruling some of its previous decisions.
How a Nazi occupied India’s first chair in International Relations
Authors: Thakur Vineet , Choudhary Ladhu Ram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article contributes to disciplinary histories of International Relations (IR) by revealing a little-known history: how a Nazi diplomat, Curt Max Prüfer, occupied the first chair in IR in India. While the paper documents how Prüfer, a discredited diplomat, landed in Delhi through his connections with peripatetic Indian anti-colonial networks and spent slightly over two years as the first IR chair at Delhi University, it also makes broader claims about how we narrate disciplinary histories. Intellectual genealogies, the predominant way in which disciplinary histories are written, often miss the contingent factors that play a considerable role in the fashioning of the discipline. Contingency-filled narratives also point towards the fact that International Relations/Affairs, at least in its early period of formation, operated as a term of mythical heft – a placeholder to fit anyone with academic or practical expertise in varied fields such as international law, colonial administration, anthropology, diplomacy, history, political economy, and military strategy.
Optimal design of a new redundant spherical parallel manipulator with an unlimited self-rotation capability
Authors: Lahdiri Chaima , Saafi Houssem , Mlika Abdelfattah , Laribi Med Amine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the optimization of a new redundant spherical parallel manipulator (New SPM). This manipulator consists of two spherical five-bar mechanisms connected by the end-effector, providing three degrees of freedom, and has an unlimited self-rotation capability. Three optimization procedures based on the genetic algorithm method were carried out to improve the dexterity of the New SPM. The first and the second optimizations were applied to a symmetric New SPM structure, while the third was applied to an asymmetric New SPM structure. In both cases, the optimization was performed using an objective function defined by the quadratic sum of link angles. In addition, certain criteria and constraints were implemented. The obtained results demonstrate significant improvements in the dexterity of the New SPM and its capability of an unlimited self-rotate in an extended workspace. A comparison of the self-rotation performances between the classical 3-RRR SPM (R for revolute joint) and the New SPM is also presented.
Towards understanding capacity development as a system: perceptions from multiple conservation stakeholder groups in Bhutan
Authors: Brooks Jeremy S , Wang Sonam Wangyel , Namgyel Ugyen , Zavaleta Cheek Jennifer , Nakamura Lam Katia , Eklund Johanna , Katel Om , Miller Daniel C 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCapacity development is crucial for enduring conservation success. Recent scholarship has called for a systems perspective based on input from local stakeholders to better understand and develop conservation capacity. However, few studies have adopted such an approach to explore interactions among capacities or how capacity development needs and priorities evolve. We address this gap through a case study from Bhutan, centred on perceptions from 52 local conservation practitioners, planners, funders and community members. We use mixed methods to identify which capacities have been important for conservation success, which capacities are needed for future success, which capacities are foundational and how capacities interact. We find that capacity needs have shifted from individual-level knowledge and skills to community- and societal-level capacities in response to changing political and economic dynamics. Participants identified political support and leadership, reliable and sufficient funding, strengthening the research base, and increasing community awareness and engagement as critical future needs. Investing in these capacities holds the promise of further augmenting capacity development, thus increasing the value of limited resources. Our results demonstrate that capacity development should be viewed as a dynamic process and supported by strategic investment even in countries with track records of conservation success.
Prenatal maternal subjective distress predicts higher autistic-like traits in offspring: The Iowa Flood Study
Authors: Lapierre Mylène , Elgbeili Guillaume , Laplante David P. , O’Hara Michael W. , D’Antono Bianca , King Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder prevalence more than quadrupled in the United States between 2000 and 2020. Ice storm-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) predicts autistic-like trait severity in children exposed early in gestation. The objective was to determine the extent to which PNMS influences the severity and trajectory of autistic-like traits in prenatally flood-exposed children at ages 4–7 years and to test moderation by sex and gestational timing. Soon after the June 2008 floods in Iowa, USA, 268 women pregnant during the disaster were assessed for objective hardship, subjective distress, and cognitive appraisal of the experience. When their children were 4, 5½, and 7 years old, mothers completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) to assess their children’s autistic-like traits; 137 mothers completed the SCQ for at least one age. The final longitudinal multilevel model showed that the greater the maternal subjective distress, the more severe the child’s autistic-like traits, controlling for objective hardship. The effect of PNMS on rate of change was not significant, and there were no significant main effects or interactions involving sex or timing. Prenatal maternal subjective distress, but not objective hardship or cognitive appraisal, predicted more severe autistic-like traits at age 4, and this effect remained stable through age 7.
Small-scale forest restoration in peri-urban areas provides immediate benefits for birds
Authors: Brambilla Mattia , Foglini Claudio , Vitulano Severino 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Forests of urban/suburban areas are being increasingly restored, but before/after-control/impact studies addressing effects on biodiversity in peri-urban forest restorations are virtually lacking. Using a before/after-control/impact (BACI) design, we explored the effects on birds (commonly used as indicators for restoration impacts) of small-scale restoration interventions in 2019 targeting residual forests north of Milan, in the largest Italian conurbation, with trees and shrub planting around existing patches or in formerly cultivated areas. Birds were surveyed in 2018, 2019, and 2021, at 20 intervention and 20 control sites. We evaluated the short-term effects of restoration by analysing changes in avian communities (i.e. richness, richness and abundance of forest specialists, single species’ abundance), considering the effect of year and intervention (i.e. before/during/after intervention). Species richness of breeding birds was largely unaffected by on-going interventions, while it was positively related to concluded restoration. The abundance of five individual species varied according to restoration: on-going interventions had positive effects on two species, Common Blackbird Turdus merula and Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix, and negative effects on Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica, while concluded restoration positively affected two species, Common Blackbird Turdus merula again, and the forest specialist Marsh Tit Poecile palustris. Even small-scale interventions in peri-urban areas may provide tangible benefits to breeding birds in the short term: peri-urban forest restoration could contribute to biodiversity conservation.
Sports Law 101
Authors: Easterbrook Lereesa , Sufi Said 
Published: October 2024

AbtractWhen sport gets complicated, which it tends to do these days, it's time to call on the specialists, such as sports law lawyers. But just what is sports law, what are the rules of the game, what sort of cases crop up, and what do the lawyers need in terms of resources. Lereesa Easterbrook and Said Sufi of Bird & Bird give us a fascinating – and in this Olympic year timely – insight into this burgeoning legal field.
‘The Work That Reconnects’: a groupwork methodology for enhancing adaptive responses to the climate and ecological crisis
Authors: Jones Rosie , Johnstone Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The dominant economic, political and sociocultural system is leading the Earth towards climate and ecological breakdown (IPCC, 2023) as well as causing adverse mental, physical and social health consequences (Eisenberg-Guyot and Prins, 2022). To address these inter-related crises there is an urgent need for cultural evolution to life-sustaining ways of living and organising human life (Brooks et al., 2018). This requires concurrent psychological and ideological shifts and psychological contexts of support, in which people can explore their relationship with, and response to, the planetary predicament and the roles they would like to play in its transformation. The Work That Reconnects (WTR) (Macy and Brown, 2014) is a groupwork methodology developed to address this need. It consists of a set of philosophical and psychological teachings and experiential practices drawn from deep ecology, living systems thinking, Buddhism, and indigenous, spiritual and other wisdom traditions. It originated outside the field of CBT and psychotherapy, within activist movements, within which it is an increasingly well-known methodology for psychological support. The WTR has many characteristics which align with cognitive behavioural approaches with regard to processes, techniques and mechanisms of change. The WTR has, as yet, received minimal scientific research attention. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the methodology within the cognitive behavioural field, introducing philosophies, concepts, and techniques that may be of utility to CBT practitioners and stimulate research and evaluation of a methodology with potential to address psychological needs at this time.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn about a groupwork methodology, the Work That Reconnects (WTR), for developing adaptive resilience, motivation, agency and wellbeing when facing concerns about the world.

(2)
To learn about the four stages of the spiral of practices of the Work That Reconnects: gratitude, honouring our pain for the world, seeing with new and ancient eyes, and going forth.

(3)
To understand the key concepts of the model including cultural schemas such as ‘the three stories of our time’ and application of living systems thinking to create cognitive and behavioural shifts towards adaptive action.

(4)
To explore the parallels with cognitive behavioural approaches, review the evidence base, highlight the need for further research, and outline areas for investigation.

(5)
To suggest ways in which the WTR can inform individual therapy for climate and ecological concerns.