bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial metagenome of urinary tract infection
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed , Li Weizhong , Singh Harinder , Moncera Kelvin J. , Torralba Manolito G. , Yu Yanbao , Manuel Oriol , Biggs William , Venter J. Craig , Nelson Karen E. , Pieper Rembert , Telenti Amalio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUrine culture and microscopy techniques are used to profile the bacterial species present in urinary tract infections. To gain insight into the urinary flora, we analyzed clinical laboratory features and the microbial metagenome of 121 clean-catch urine samples. 16S rDNA gene signatures were successfully obtained for 116 participants, while metagenome sequencing data was successfully generated for samples from 49 participants. Although 16S rDNA sequencing was more sensitive, metagenome sequencing allowed for a more comprehensive and unbiased representation of the microbial flora, including eukarya and viral pathogens, and of bacterial virulence factors. Urine samples positive by metagenome sequencing contained a plethora of bacterial (median 41 genera/sample), eukarya (median 2 species/sample) and viral sequences (median 3 viruses/sample). Genomic analyses suggested cases of infection with potential pathogens that are often missed during routine urine culture due to species specific growth requirements. While conventional microbiological methods are inadequate to identify a large diversity of microbial species that are present in urine, genomic approaches appear to more comprehensively and quantitatively describe the urinary microbiome.
Identification of a novel 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative as in vivo antitumor agent for prostate cancer acting via AMPK activation
Authors: Bort Alicia , Quesada Sergio , Ramos-Torres Ágata , Gargantilla Marta , Priego Eva María , Raynal Sophie , Lepifre Franck , Gasalla Jose M. , Rodriguez-Henche Nieves , Castro Ana , Díaz-Laviada Inés 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe key metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, AMPK blocks cell cycle, regulates autophagy and suppresses the anabolic processes required for rapid cell growth. AMPK is especially relevant in prostate cancer in which activation of lipogenic pathways correlate with tumor progression and aggressiveness. This study reports the discovery of a new series of 2-oxindole derivatives whose AMPK modulatory ability, as well as the antitumoral profile in prostate cancer cells, was evaluated. One of the assayed compounds, compound 8c, notably activated AMPK in cultured PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Likewise, compound 8c caused PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells viability inhibition. Selective knocking down of α1 or α2 isoforms as well as in vitro assays using human recombinant α1β1γ1 or α2β1γ1 AMPK isoforms revealed that compound 8c exhibit preference for AMPKα1. Consistent with efficacy at the cellular level, compound 8c was potent in suppressing the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, our results show that a new 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative exerts potent in vivo antitumor actions against prostate cancer cells, indicating a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Memory shapes visual search strategies in large-scale environments
Authors: Li Chia-Ling , Aivar M. Pilar , Tong Matthew H. , Hayhoe Mary M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSearch is a central visual function. Most of what is known about search derives from experiments where subjects view 2D displays on computer monitors. In the natural world, however, search involves movement of the body in large-scale spatial contexts, and it is unclear how this might affect search strategies. In this experiment, we explore the nature of memory representations developed when searching in an immersive virtual environment. By manipulating target location, we demonstrate that search depends on episodic spatial memory as well as learnt spatial priors. Subjects rapidly learned the large-scale structure of the space, with shorter paths and less head rotation to find targets. These results suggest that spatial memory of the global structure allows a search strategy that involves efficient attention allocation based on the relevance of scene regions. Thus spatial memory may allow less energetically costly search strategies.
High-power sub-terahertz source with a record frequency stability at up to 1 Hz
Authors: Fokin Andrey , Glyavin Mikhail , Golubiatnikov German , Lubyako Lev , Morozkin Mikhail , Movschevich Boris , Tsvetkov Alexander , Denisov Gregory 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany state-of-the-art fundamental and industrial projects need the use of terahertz radiation with high power and small linewidth. Gyrotrons as radiation sources provide the desired level of power in the sub-THz and THz frequency range, but have substantial free-running frequency fluctuations of the order of 10−4. Here, we demonstrate that the precise frequency stability of a high-power sub-THz gyrotron can be achieved by a phase-lock loop in the anode voltage control. The relative width of the frequency spectrum and the frequency stability obtained for a 0.263 THz/100 W gyrotron are 4 × 10−12and 10−10, respectively, and these parameters are better than those demonstrated so far with high-power sources by almost three orders of magnitude. This approach confirms its potential for ultra-high precision spectroscopy, the development of sources with large-scale radiating apertures, and other new projects.
Interfacial Phenomenon and Nanostructural Enhancements in Palladium Loaded Lanthanum Hydroxide Nanorods for Heterogeneous Catalytic Applications
Authors: Yousaf Ammar Bin , Imran Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Kasak Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHydrogenation and cross-coupling reactions are of great importance for industrial applications and noble metal based catalysts are filling the void since the last few decades. However, the high cost of noble metals and poor recycling performance provides an opportunity for chemists to look for alternate options. Herein, we present the use of Lanthanum hydroxide as support for loading ultra-low amount of Pd for hydrogenation and cross-coupling reactions. Lanthanum hydroxide having controlled morphologies comprises exposed crystallographic facets which interact with small sized Pd NPs and shows versatile and effective catalytic performance. The reduction of 4-NP over Pd/La(OH)3 was achieved within very short time (45s) with a rate constant of 60 × 10−3 s−1. The hydrogenation of styrene was also accomplished within 1 hour with much high TOF value (3260 h−1). Moreover, the Suzuki cross-couplings of iodobenzene and phenyl boronic acid into biphenyl completed within 35 min with a TOF value of 389 h−1. The strong interfacial electronic communication regulates electron density of catalytic sites and lowers energy for adsorption of reactant and subsequently conversion into products. Moreover, abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of La(OH)3, large surface area, mono-dispersity and ultra-small size of Pd NPs also favors the efficient conversion of reactants.
Early- and Long-term Outcomes of Cardiovascular Surgery via Minimal Right Vertical Infra-axillary Thoracotomy: A 15-year Study of 1,126 Patients
Authors: Wang Qiang , Ye Jia-Xin , Ge Min , Wang Dong-Jin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study reviews our results and experience with cardiothoracic surgery via RVIAT over the past 15 years. This retrospective overview summarises our results, describing the early and late clinical outcomes of 1,126 patients, including 370 ASD closures, 488 VSD closures and 268 valve surgeries, at a single center between October 2001 and December 2015. The mean follow-up time was 52 ± 35 months (range 8–120 months). The mean incision length was 6 ± 2.22 cm (range 3.9–8.9 cm). No patient required conversion to median sternotomy. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results at the follow-up assessment. No chest deformity or asymmetrical development of the breast was observed. Although there was no severe morbidity and operative mortality, ten late deaths occurred, 8 of which were due to cardiac causes and the other 2 to non-cardiac causes. RVIAT offers encouraging short- and long-term patient survival results and is a safe and reproducible approach with excellent late results. RVIAT should be considered as an alternative to conventional median sternotomy.
Impact of Obesity on Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Panayi Adriana , Agha Riaz , Sieber Brady , Orgill Dennis 
Published: March 2018

Background Increased rates of both breast cancer and obesity have resulted in more obese women seeking breast reconstruction. Studies demonstrate that these women are at increased risk for perioperative complications. A systematic review was conducted to assess the outcomes in obese women who underwent breast reconstruction following mastectomy.
Methods Cochrane, PUBMED, and EMBASE electronic databases were screened and data were extracted from included studies. The clinical outcomes assessed were surgical complications, medical complications, length of postoperative hospital stay, reoperation rate, and patient satisfaction.
Results Out of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review and 29 provided enough data to be included in the meta-analysis (71,368 patients, 20,061 of whom were obese). Obese women (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) were 2.29 times more likely to experience surgical complications (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.19–2.39; p < 0.00001), 2.89 times more likely to have medical complications (95% CI 2.50–3.35; p < 0.00001), and had a 1.91 times higher risk of reoperation (95% CI 1.75–2.07; p < 0.00001). The most common complication, wound dehiscence, was 2.51 times more likely in obese women (95% CI 1.80–3.52; p < 0.00001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed that obese women were more likely to experience surgical complications (risk ratio 2.36, 95% CI 2.22–2.52; p < 0.00001).
Conclusions This study provides evidence that obesity increases the risk of complications in both implant-based and autologous reconstruction. Additional prospective and observational studies are needed to determine if the weight reduction prior to reconstruction reduces the perioperative risks associated with obesity.
Successful Rehabilitation of a 22-Year-Old Outpatient after Heart Transplantation with Severe Complications
Authors: Kandel Michel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background There is a consensus that exercise therapy is an important component in patient rehabilitation after heart transplantation (HTX). Recent studies showed that intensive interval training is more effective than low to moderate intensity training. Several studies described reinnervation of both the para- and sympathetic nervous system. The consequences of these findings have, however, not been implemented and up-to-date guidelines on exercise prescription in HTX do not exist. Furthermore, in clinical practice comorbidity and negative side-effects can aggravate the rehabilitation process after HTX.
Objective This case report describes a successful individual rehabilitation programme.
Method After an orthotope HTX A 22-year-old male patient suffered from severe complications with a cerebrovascular accident causing a hemiplegia and an acute both-sided renal failure. Massive restrictions in daily activities due to physical, social and psychological factors became apparent. Although these factors affected the rehabilitation process, they did not inhibit the successful application of an intensive interval exercise programme.
Results/Conclusions Despite massive initial restrictions the patient well tolerated a consequent exercise therapy programme consisting of high intensity training and attained independency and a better quality of life level.
Noninvasive detection of macrophage activation with single-cell resolution through machine learning
Authors: Pavillon Nicolas , Hobro Alison J. , Akira Shizuo , Smith Nicholas I. 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceWe developed a method enabling the noninvasive study of fine cellular responses that we applied to macrophage activation. The technique is based on a multimodal label-free microscopy system that simultaneously retrieves both morphological and molecular information based on quantitative phase imaging and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The parameters obtained from these measurements are processed through a machine learning algorithm that makes it possible to reliably assess the macrophage activation state at single-cell level. We found that while each parameter set (morphology and Raman) can detect the activation state, they provide complementary information. Morphology is symptomatic of downstream phenotypes that make the detection dose-dependent, while Raman is indicative of upstream molecular changes that enable the detection of selective inhibition of activation pathways.
Bifurcation-enhanced ultrahigh sensitivity of a buckled cantilever
Authors: An Sangmin , Kim Bongsu , Kwon Soyoung , Moon Geol , Lee Manhee , Jhe Wonho 
Published: March 2018

Significance
This work brings together the fields of nonlinear dynamics and precision measurement, aiming to develop a highly sensitive nonlinear mechanical force sensor. We use dynamic force spectroscopy of the buckled cantilever tip in an ambient condition, which allows sensitive detection of the noise-induced flipping near the bifurcation point. Key parameters, such as the fluctuation enhancement and the activation barrier of the buckling-to-flipping transition, lead to realization of the bifurcation-enhanced sensor. We contiguously observe the buckling–flipping dynamic transition of the softened tip resulting from the competition between fluctuation and bifurcation, providing the in situ continuous sensing of the mechanical vibrations. This work not only furthers our understanding of nonlinear dynamics at the nanoscale, but also is a stepping stone toward the highly sensitive mechanical sensor.
Vaccination can drive an increase in frequencies of antibiotic resistance among nonvaccine serotypes ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Obolski Uri , Lourenço José , Thompson Craig , Thompson Robin , Gori Andrea , Gupta Sunetra 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceVaccination is an important tool for decreasing the spread and disease burden of the widespread bacterial pathogenStreptococcus pneumoniae. However, current vaccines target only a subset of pneumococcal serotypes, and the nonvaccine types often remain at high frequencies after vaccination. In some cases, nonvaccine types display a disconcerting increase in antibiotic resistance frequencies after a population has been vaccinated by the commonly used PCV7 or PCV13, and the reason for this is unclear. Using mathematical modeling, we show that removal of competition with the vaccine types may induce this rise in antibiotic resistance. Our model explores the conditions leading to such an increase and contributes to a better understanding of this process.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the MKEH, Hungary and the BIPM in 60Co gamma radiation
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Machula G 
Published: March 2018

A comparison of the standards for air kerma of the Hungarian Trade Licensing Office (MKEH), Hungary and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in March 2016. The comparison result, evaluated as a ratio of the MKEH and the BIPM standards for air kerma, is 1.0047 with a combined standard uncertainty of 1.9 × 10−3. The results for an indirect comparison made at the same time are consistent with the direct results at the level of 2.6 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Evidence from the past: exploitation as cause of commercial extinction of autumn-spawning herring in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea
Authors: MacKenzie Brian R , Ojaveer Henn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHistorical marine ecology has shown that many exploited animal populations declined before their abundance was quantified by scientists. This situation applies for autumn-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea. This stock used to be the dominant spawning group of herring in the early decades of the 1900s and supported several commercially important fisheries, including in the Gulf of Riga (GoR). However, the GoR stock declined during the 1960–1970s and has not recovered. Neither the former biomass nor reasons for its decline are known. Here, we recover and analyse historical fishery and biological data and conduct population development simulations to evaluate the hypothesis that exploitation may have been sufficient to lead the stock towards commercial extinction. We found that the estimated exploitation pattern, including exploitation of juveniles, was unsustainable and led to stock decline. The pattern of exploitation of this stock was consistent with that which caused collapses of other herring stocks, which have since recovered. If autumn-spawning herring in the GoR recovers, our findings indicate that this stock could support sustainable annual yields of ∼4000 t and diversify the fishery resource base, which is presently restricted to a relatively small number of species for essentially local coastal inhabitants.
How redistributive policies reduce market inequality: education premiums in 22 OECD countries
Authors: Weisstanner David , Armingeon Klaus 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
What explains the large cross-country variation in the wage premium for higher education? Economic analyses of wage differentials by education point to technological change and globalization, but we know little about the impact of different types of public policies. We argue that public education spending and tax-transfer policies contain the spread of ‘education premiums’ through material incentives (decommodification) and attitudinal responses, i.e. changing attitudes towards education premiums and the motivation to request a maximum return on individual investment in education. The empirical analysis relies on a new dataset of education premiums constructed from Luxembourg Income Study surveys, covering 22 OECD countries between 1989 and 2014. We provide evidence that taxation levels and public education spending particularly affect education premium levels and changes within countries. For the literature on income inequality, these findings imply the need to pay attention more systematically to redistributive policies shaping the ‘market’ distribution of incomes.
Hepcidin and Anemia in Surgical Critical Care: A Prospective Cohort Study*
Authors: Cherry-Bukowiec Jill R. , Engoren Milo , Wiktor Arek , Raghavendran Krishnan , Napolitano Lena M. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Because anemia of inflammation is common in ICU patients and hepcidin is the key regulator of iron homeostasis, we examined time-dependent changes in hepcidin, erythropoietin, iron, and inflammatory markers in surgical ICU patients with anemia.

Design:
Prospective single-center clinical noninterventional study.

Setting:
Surgical ICUs; U.S. university hospital.

Patients:
One hundred surgical adult ICU patients.

Measurements and Main Results:
Time-dependent changes in serum hepcidin, hematologic, and erythropoietic studies were performed on ICU admission and at serial time-points through day 28, and correlated with hematologic and iron parameters and inflammatory response. Median serum hepcidin levels were significantly increased at ICU admission and decreased over time (144–36 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Despite increased reticulocyte counts (1.3–2.9%), mean serum erythropoietin levels remained low (29–44 mU/mL) and hemoglobin did not significantly change. Hepcidin was positively correlated with RBC transfusion, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, ferritin, and negatively correlated with iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin, and reticulocyte response. Hepcidin did not correlate with tumor necrosis factor-α serum concentrations. Regression analyses confirmed that ferritin, C-reactive protein, and reticulocyte number were predictive of same-day hepcidin; hepcidin and C-reactive protein were predictive of same-day reticulocyte count.

Conclusions:
Hepcidin serum concentrations are markedly increased on ICU admission, and decrease significantly over the course of the ICU stay (28 d). Decreased hepcidin concentrations are associated with increased reticulocyte response and decreased inflammatory response reflected by decreased interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations, but not with anemia resolution.
Impact of Trabectedin Interruption and Subsequent Rechallenge on Progression in Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Kotecki Nuria , Le Cesne Axel , Tresch-Bruneel Emmanuelle , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Chevreau Christine , Bertucci François , Bogart Emilie , Mir Olivier , Pautier Patricia , Decoupigny Emilie , Clisant Stéphanie , Blay Jean-Yves , Penel Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To assess the impact of trabectedin rechallenge.

Patients and Methods:
In the T-DIS trial (NCT0130309), after the 6 initial cycles of trabectedin, patients who were free from progressive disease (PD) were randomly assigned either to continuous treatment with trabectedin (C arm) or therapy interruption (I arm). Patients randomized in the interruption arm were allowed to restart trabectedin in case of PD. Herein we report an update of the impact of trabectedin discontinuation after subsequent rechallenge.

Results:
From February 2011 to March 2013, 27 and 26 nonprogressive patients were randomized to C and I arm, respectively. Twenty-two of 26 patients in I arm and 25 of 27 patients in C arm received 7 cycles and more. After randomization, the median number of cycles was similar in both arms (C arm: 5 cycles [range, 1 to 34]; I arm: 6 cycles [range, 1 to 48], P=0.96). After a median follow-up from randomization of 35.3 months, continuous treatment with trabectedin was associated with a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with the rechallenge arm (5.3 vs. 3.5 mo, P=0.019). The observed difference in median overall survival from the seventh cycle did not meet the level of significance (26.0 vs. 14.9 mo, P=0.14). The safety profile was similar in both arms. Mean time spent without symptoms and toxicity (Q-TWIST) was higher in the C arm, but the difference did not reach the level of significance.

Conclusions:
We have demonstrated that trabectedin retains its activity when patients are rechallenged on progression after a treatment break.