bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Optimizing Diesel-Ethanol-Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends Combustibility in Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Authors: Taib NM , Mansor MRA , Mahmood WMFW , Abdullah NR 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Blending diesel with biofuels such as ethanol and PME leads to better fuel properties in producing a better engine performance and lower emission. However, the presence of ethanol that contains low cetane number and low heating value reduces the fuel combustibility. Injection system, compression ratio and air intake modification delivering good results of improving blends combustibility. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of injection parameter, compression ratio (CR) and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blends combustibility from the combustion characteristics. Diesel-ethanol-PME blends in a diesel engine with the least engine modification also are identified. Simulation work was conducted using Converge CFD software based on single cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel-ethanol-PME blends of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (E25B25), E25B25 and E40B10 were used and conducted on different injection parameter, compression ratio and intake temperature, Ti. This study was carried out by running the simulation at high engine speeds. Results show that advancing time, shortened the injection duration has a very small effect on ignition. For the blends with ignition problem such as E40B10, increasing compression ratio and ambient temperature helps the fuel to ignite due to high temperature and pressure in the cylinder. This modification allowed the blends to ignite at high engine speed with minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. In conclusion, blending high ethanol contents in diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the compression ratio and increasing the ambient temperature. The most suitable blends that can be operated in the engine without modification is E25B25.
Influence of Molar Concentration: Sol-Gel Synthesized Magnesium Oxide Thin Films for High Power Light Emitting Diode Thermal Management
Authors: Idris M S , Shanmugan S , Devarajan M , Maryam W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sol-gel technique was used to synthesize 0.6 M and 0.8 M molar concentrations of magnesium oxide thin on aluminium substrate and enforced into heat spreader material in thermal management of lighting devices. X-ray diffraction analysis confirm the films to be polycrystalline cubic in nature with (200), (220) and (222) orientations. 20 layers from 0.8 M showed higher intensity from the X-ray analysis. Relative thermal conductivity measurement of 20 layers from 0.6 M showed a value of (26.3 W/mK) which appears to improve over other layers. At 700 mA operating current, 20 layers from 0.6 M showed higher junction temperature difference of 37.16 °C as well as higher thermal resistance difference of 5.9 K/W when compared to bare aluminium substrate. All coated films are within the accepted color correlated temperature safe operating range (< 3300 K) of light emitting diodes, addition to this, 20 layers MgO thin films from 0.6 M displayed a recommendable illuminance as well as color correlate temperature performance from optical characterization. Atomic force microscope surface analysis for both molar concentrations showed an improvement in surface smoothness over bare substrate. Overall, magnesium oxide thin films can be perfectly enforced as heat spreader for high power light emitting diodes.
Effect of coupling agents on the transport properties of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) based composite membrane
Authors: Yan Chia Min , San Thiam Hui , Kong Leong Loong , Hoon Koo Chai , Huat Saw Lip 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Development of low cost proton exchange membrane surges as a main research topic in order to replace expensive Nafion in the fuel cell industry. In this study, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was used as the base polymer for the purpose. Silicotungstic acid supported on silica (SiWA-SiO2) was incorporated into SPEEK polymer matrix to improve the performance of composite membrane. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) were used as coupling agents to increase the compatibility of the organic and inorganic phases in the composite membrane. The reaction mechanisms involve the interaction between imidazole group of CDI with sulfonic acid group of SPEEK polymer followed by substitution using APTES. Finally, inorganic silica will attach to the inorganic functionalities of APTES and complete the organic-inorganic bridge between the two phases. Stabilisation of SiWA-SiO2 additives in the polymer matrix was greatly improved when APTES and CDI are added. It was found that SPEEK/SiO2-SiWA exhibited smooth, homogenous and compact membrane structure. This could reduce the permeability of the membrane to methanol. Although the composite membrane had low water uptake, presence of ample amount of SiWA within the polymer matrix helped to enhance the proton conductivity of SPEEK composite membrane. It was reported that the overall selectivity is increased to 10.6 × 104 S.s/cm3.
Carbon Deposition Properties of Ni0.5M0.5/10Sc1CeSZ (M = Cu, Co and Fe) Cermet Anode for Dry Reforming Methane-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Jais A A , Somalu M R , Muchtar A , Isahak W N R W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nickel-based cermet anode can be operated in hydrogen and hydrocarbon-fuelled intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Nickel/zirconia co-doped with 10 mol% scandia and 1 mol% ceria (Ni/10Sc1CeSZ) has better electrochemical performance compared with the state-of-the art SOFC anode, Ni/yttria-stabilised-zirconia. In this study, nickel-metal/10 mol% scandia-1 mol% ceria-stabilised zirconia (Ni0.5M0.5/10Sc1CeSZ, M = Co, Cu and Fe) composite anode powders were synthesised via a single-step microwave-assisted glycine nitrate process. The phase identification and morphology of the prepared powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The carbon deposition properties of Ni/10Sc1CeSZ and Ni0.5M0.5/10Sc1CeSZ (M = Co, Cu and Fe) cermet anode in dry methane fuel were evaluated. Cermet anode powder was reduced under a mixture of hydrogen (10%) and nitrogen (90%) at 800 °C for 2 h prior to the carbon deposition test. In the carbon deposition test, the reduced cermet powder was exposed in dry methane atmosphere at 800 °C for 3 h. Overall, Ni0.5Cu0.5/10Sc1CeSZ cermet anode exhibits the highest intensity ratio of G/D (2.64) in Raman analysis, resulting in less amorphous carbon deposits. This study shows that copper metal substitution could suppress carbon deposition onto Ni/10Sc1CeSZ cermet, and this material can be used as an anode material for SOFCs that operate on dry methane fuel.
A Study to Retrofit Parabolic Trough Collector on Jimah Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Ashraf Asmuni Iman , Kumar Venkiteswaran Vinod , Abdulrahman Alkaff Saqaff Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In Malaysia, coal-fired power plant makes up 40% out of the total installed capacity as of the year 2016. This preference is set to continue despite the global push to reduce carbon emissions. Solar Aided Coal-Fired Power Generation (SACPG) may be a viable option to be considered to help reduce carbon emissions while maintaining the capability to meet the country’s growing electricity demand. This study looks into the possibility and potential of retrofitting Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTC) at Jimah Power Plant (JPP) to substitute the existing steam extraction feedwater heating with solar heating. The main focuses are the potential solar energy that can be harvested and the best feedwater preheating retrofitting scheme. The study found that an area of 59,340.06 m2 can be utilised and a maximum solar heating rate of 69,427,870.20 kJ/hr can be harvested. Meanwhile, the lowest feedwater heating was at Feedwater Heater (FWH) A with a heating rate of 153,317,018.40 kJ/hr. Full replacement of any feedwater heater is found to be impossible and the only suitable retrofit scheme is to have 0.45 solar fraction heating at Feedwater Heater A. This retrofit scheme can help to increase 0.59% of JPP efficiency and reduce 8.18 ton/hr of coal consumption
The insight investigation on the performance affecting parameters of Micro wind turbines
Authors: Natarajan Karthikeyan , Anand RB , Charan Jirra , Kanungo Tanay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The large to small wind turbines have been investigated for past few decades, but only a few have conducted the investigation on micro wind turbines, whose power rating and rotor diameters are less than 1 kW and 1.5 m respectively. The growing utilization of power electronic devices creates space for the development of micropower harvesting that could be used for standalone charging applications. The theoretical investigation is conducted on rotor diameter of 30 cm and which is targeted to operate at the cut in, rated and cut out wind speed of 4 ms
−1
, 7 ms
−1
and 11 ms
−1
respectively with the rated tip speed ratio ranging from 2.5 to 4. The airfoils SD7037, E193, RG15, SG6041, SG6051 and S7012 are shortlisted on the basis of the prior aerodynamic investigation, and this study aims to improve the performance of MWT rotor at 7 ms
−1
. The different chord and twist equations are used to determine the optimum blade geometry with trade-offs between the better starting and maximum performance. The turbines with RG15 and SD7037 attains the maximum power of 2.3 W at a wind speed of 7 ms
−1
of wind speed and design TSR of 2.5 leading to better annual energy production.
The Ineffectiveness of Water Splash on Paddlewheel Aerator
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Jufriadi  , Anwar Hamdani 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The successful of intensive aquaculture is strongly influenced by the ability of the farmers to overcome the deterioration of water quality. The problem is low dissolved oxygen through aeration process. The aerator device which widely used in pond farming is paddle wheel aerator because it is the best aerator in aeration mechanism and usable driven power. However, the paddlewheel has a slow aeration rate resulting in low aeration efficiency. The problem is caused by the backward water splash ineffectively. The backward water of the paddlewheel that is already aerated, but it is splashed again so it wastes the power. However, only the forward splash is effectively. The aim of this study was to determine the ineffectiveness of paddlewheel aerator based on the backward water splash. The paddlewheel used an 1 phase motor, 1 hp power, 1400 rpm motor speed, and 2 pieces of wheels. The treatment was carried out by varying the blade of 65, 85, and 105 mm submerged. The test was done by collecting the forward and backward water splash and calculating its volume. The normal position of the float on the blade submerged by 85 mm was obtained that the forward and backward splash volume of water was 17.99 and 13.74 m3/hour. Only 56.70% the effectiveness of the water splash compared to 43.30% the backward water splash. In fact, the forward splash coverage volume of water was 47.83% compared to the forward was 52.17%. This result shown that the water splash of paddlewheel aerator was not effective, so the backward water splash need to optimize to the effectiveness of water splash.
Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cancer
Authors: Bossaer John B , Covert Kelly L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThis review summarizes the available evidence concerning direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use to treat venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer as well as pertinent safety data on the use of DOACs in patients with both cancer and atrial fibrillation.SummaryThe introduction of DOACs into clinical practice changed the way thrombotic complications are managed and prevented in diverse patient populations, including VTE and atrial fibrillation. Low-molecular-weight heparins have been the standard of care for treating VTE in cancer patients due to superiority over vitamin K antagonists in preventing recurrent VTE. Therefore, widespread DOAC use for VTE in patients with active cancer has not been adopted.ConclusionRecent randomized clinical trials (SELECT-D, Hokusai VTE Cancer) have provided evidence that DOACs may have a role in treating VTE in cancer patients.
Heterogeneous information network and its application to human health and disease
Authors: Ding Pingjian , Ouyang Wenjue , Luo Jiawei , Kwoh Chee-Keong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe molecular components with the functional interdependencies in human cell form complicated biological network. Diseases are mostly caused by the perturbations of the composite of the interaction multi-biomolecules, rather than an abnormality of a single biomolecule. Furthermore, new biological functions and processes could be revealed by discovering novel biological entity relationships. Hence, more and more biologists focus on studying the complex biological system instead of the individual biological components. The emergence of heterogeneous information network (HIN) offers a promising way to systematically explore complicated and heterogeneous relationships between various molecules for apparently distinct phenotypes. In this review, we first present the basic definition of HIN and the biological system considered as a complex HIN. Then, we discuss the topological properties of HIN and how these can be applied to detect network motif and functional module. Afterwards, methodologies of discovering relationships between disease and biomolecule are presented. Useful insights on how HIN aids in drug development and explores human interactome are provided. Finally, we analyze the challenges and opportunities for uncovering combinatorial patterns among pharmacogenomics and cell-type detection based on single-cell genomic data.
Reduced PAX2 expression in murine fallopian tube cells enhances estrogen receptor signaling
Authors: Colina Jose A , Varughese Peter , Karthikeyan Subbulakshmi , Salvi Amrita , Modi Dimple A , Burdette Joanna E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is thought to progress from a series of precursor lesions in the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). One of the preneoplastic lesions found in the FTE is called a secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT), which is partially defined by a loss of paired box 2 (PAX2). In the present study, we developed PAX2-deficient murine cell lines in order to model a SCOUT and to explore the role of PAX2 loss in the etiology of HGSOC. Loss of PAX2 alone in the murine oviductal epithelium (MOE) did not induce changes in proliferation, migration and survival in hypoxia or contribute to resistance to first line therapies, such as cisplatin or paclitaxel. RNA sequencing of MOE PAX2shRNA cells revealed significant alterations in the transcriptome. Silencing of PAX2 in MOE cells produced a messenger RNA expression pattern that recapitulated several aspects of the transcriptome of previously characterized human SCOUTs. RNA-seq analysis and subsequent qPCR validation of this SCOUT model revealed an enrichment of genes involved in estrogen signaling and an increase in expression of estrogen receptor α. MOE PAX2shRNA cells had higher estrogen signaling activity and higher expression of putative estrogen responsive genes both in the presence and absence of exogenous estrogen. In summary, loss of PAX2 in MOE cells is sufficient to transcriptionally recapitulate a human SCOUT, and this model revealed an enrichment of estrogen signaling as a possible route for tumor progression of precursor lesions in the fallopian tube.
Isolation and Purification of Pyrazines Produced by Reaction of Cellulosic-Derived Sugars with NH4OH and Selected Amino Acids
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani M , Coleman III W M , Dube M F , Taylor L T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Various pyrazines have been synthesized via reaction of selected cellulosic-derived sugars, ammonium hydroxide and amino acids at 110°C for 2 hours. Different methods of sample cleanup such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), liquid–solid extraction, column chromatography and distillation were employed to isolate pyrazines from the reaction mixture. Effective LLE of pyrazines from aqueous solution using either hexane, methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) or ethyl acetate required multiple extraction steps with fresh solvent each time. When hexane was used as the extraction solvent, no imidazole derivatives were extracted with the pyrazines. However, when MTBE or ethyl acetate was employed, 4-methyl imidazole was co-extracted and further cleanup was required. Passing the organic solvent extracts through a column of silica revealed that the silica retained the undesirable imidazoles, such as 4-methyl imidazole. A mixture of 90/10 hexane/ethyl acetate as eluting solvent provided the desirable pyrazines, but it also provided a desirable separation of pyrazines as a function of total alkyl substituent content. Distillation of the aqueous reaction mixture was also used to isolate the pyrazines, leaving the undesirable imidazoles in the undistilled portion of the reaction. Additional chromatographic methods were used to isolate pyrazines from the aqueous distillate including a column packed with C18-bonded silica.
TAILoR (TelmisArtan and InsuLin Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]): An Adaptive-design, Dose-ranging Phase IIb Randomized Trial of Telmisartan for the Reduction of Insulin Resistance in HIV-positive Individuals on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Pushpakom Sudeep , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Taylor Claire , Foster Terry , Spowart Cath , García-Fiñana Marta , Kemp Graham J , Jaki Thomas , Khoo Saye , Williamson Paula , Pirmohamed Munir ,   for the TAILoR Study Group, Ainsworth Jonathan , Chadwick David , Chaponda Mas , Chauhan Mayur , Churchill Duncan , Das Satyajit , Gompels Mark , Hereika Elbushra , Johnson Margaret , Leen Clifford , Loay David , Martin Fabiola , Minton Jane , Peters Barry , Post Frank , Schembri Gabriel , Vora Jiten , Whitehead John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCombination antiretroviral therapy results in metabolic abnormalities which increase cardiovascular disease risk. We evaluated whether telmisartan reduces insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive individuals on antiretrovirals.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label, dose-ranging controlled trial of telmisartan. Participants with HIV infection receiving combination antiretroviral therapy were randomized equally to either no intervention (control) or 20, 40, or 80 mg telmisartan once daily. The adaptive design allowed testing of all dose(s) of telmisartan in stage I, with the promising dose(s) being taken into stage II. The primary outcome measure was reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 24 weeks.ResultsA total of 377 patients were recruited. In stage I, 48, 49, 47, and 45 patients were randomized to control and 20, 40, and 80 mg telmisartan, respectively (total n = 189). At the interim analysis, 80 mg telmisartan was taken forward into stage II. At the end of stage II (n = 105, control; 106, 80-mg arm), there were no differences in HOMA-IR (estimated effect, 0.007; SE, 0.106) at 24 weeks between the telmisartan (80 mg) and nonintervention arms. Longitudinal analysis over 48 weeks showed no change in HOMA-IR, lipid or adipokine levels. There were significant (P ≤ .05), but marginal, improvements in revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (0.004) and plasma hs-CRP (−0.222 mg/L) and reduction in liver fat content (1.714 mean reduction; P = .005).ConclusionsNo significant effect of telmisartan was demonstrated on the primary outcome (HOMA-IR), but there were marginal improvements with some secondary outcome measures. Further studies in this population are warranted to identify novel strategies for preventing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Clinical Trial RegistrationISRCTN registry (51069819).
Rational trust in resilient health systems
Authors: Kittelsen Sonja Kristine , Keating Vincent Charles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 2014–15 Ebola epidemic in West Africa highlighted the significance of trust between the public and public health authorities in the mitigation of health crises. Since the end of the epidemic, there has been a focus amongst scholars and practitioners on building resilient health systems, which many see as an important precondition for successfully combatting future outbreaks. While trust has been acknowledged as a relevant component of health system resilience, we argue for a more sustained theoretical engagement with underlying models of trust in the literature. This article takes a first step in showing the importance of theoretical engagement by focusing on the appeal to rational models of trust in particular in the health system resilience literature, and how currently unconsidered assumptions in this model cast doubt on the effectiveness of strategies to generate trust, and therein resilience, during acute public health emergencies.
Loss of FLCN inhibits canonical WNT signaling via TFE3
Authors: Kennedy John C , Khabibullin Damir , Hougard Thomas , Nijmeh Julie , Shi Wei , Henske Elizabeth P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lower lobe predominant pulmonary cysts occur in up to 90% of patients with Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome, but the key pathologic cell type and signaling events driving this distinct phenotype remain elusive. Through examination of the LungMAP database, we found that folliculin (FLCN) is highly expressed in neonatal lung mesenchymal cells. Using RNA-Seq, we found that inactivation of Flcn in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to changes in multiple Wnt ligands, including a 2.8-fold decrease in Wnt2. This was associated with decreased TCF/LEF activity, a readout of canonical WNT activity, after treatment with a GSK3-α/β inhibitor. Similarly, FLCN deficiency in HEK293T cells decreased WNT pathway activity by 76% post-GSK3-α/β inhibition. Inactivation of FLCN in human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) led to ~ 100-fold decrease in Wnt2 expression and a 33-fold decrease in Wnt7b expression—two ligands known to be necessary for lung development. Furthermore, canonical WNT activity was decreased by 60%. Classic WNT targets such as AXIN2 and BMP4, and WNT enhanceosome members including TCF4, LEF1 and BCL9 were also decreased after GSK3-α/β inhibition. FLCN-deficient MRC-5 cells failed to upregulate LEF1 in response to GSK3-α/β inhibition. Finally, we found that a constitutively active β-catenin could only partially rescue the decreased WNT activity phenotype seen in FLCN-deficient cells, whereas silencing the transcription factor TFE3 completely reversed this phenotype. In summary, our data establish FLCN as a critical regulator of the WNT pathway via TFE3 and suggest that FLCN-dependent defects in WNT pathway developmental cues may contribute to lung cyst pathogenesis in BHD.