bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors on the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Imam Khomeini Hospital's, Ahvaz, Iran Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dehdashtian Masoud , Feghhi Mostafa , Aramesh Mohammad Reza , Malakian Arash , Abbaspour Mohammad Reza , Altayeb Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Khosrevi Ali 
Published: July 2019

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affects premature infants, and it is characterized by the development of vascular proliferation due to hyperoxia, down regulation of Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and death of endothelial cells. We hypothesized that inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme suppresses retinal vasoconstriction and prevent ROP.
Study Design: 109 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome treated with oxygen with early gestational age (GA) ≤30 weeks and birth weight (BW) ≤1500 g were randomized into two groups, 52 patients in sildenafil and 50 patients in placebo group were studied, Group sildenafil (as case group) and placebo Group (as control group), sildenafil was administered via nasogastric tube. Occurrence of ROP phase 1 as primary outcome and stage 2-5 ROP, duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy and duration of hospitalization as secondary outcomes were assessed.
Results: There was no differences between the two group in demographic characteristics. ROP phase 1 was seen in 11(22%) and 7(14%) of placebo and interventional group, respectively. Stage 3 ROP was not seen in any of the patients.
Conclusion: Sildenafil therapy did not affect ROP development in premature infants treated with oxygen. May be due to our exclusion criteria (BW less than 1000g) and this fact that there is a high incidence of ROP in extremely low birth weight neonates, we didn’t find any significant difference. More studies with larger population and expanded criteria are needed to find the effect of sildenafil on ROP.
Ultrasmooth and Photoresist‐Free Micropore‐Based EGaIn Molecular Junctions: Fabrication and How Roughness Determines Voltage Response
Authors: Karuppannan Senthil Kumar , Hongting Hu , Troadec Cedric , Vilan Ayelet , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn molecular electronics, it is critical to minimize the sources that can result in defective electrodes, such as contaminations related to the fabrication process (photoresist and organic residues) or roughening of the electrode during etching, because these defects hamper the formation of well‐organized molecular structures. Junctions based on micropores are desirable as they are scalable, but micropores are not fabricated on ultrasmooth template‐stripped electrodes, and may suffer from stray capacitances and leakage currents across the insulating matrix. A method is reported to fabricate micropores in AlOx
on template‐stripped Au based on a two‐step etch process so that the Au surface is not in direct contact with photoresistance during the fabrication process. These junctions do not suffer from stray capacitances or leakage currents, enable temperature variable measurements down to 8.5 K, have excellent current retention characteristics, and are stable for at least 2 months. By analyzing the normalized differential conductance curves and detailed comparison against junctions with cone‐shaped tips of EGaIn and EGaIn stabilized in a through‐hole in polydimethylsiloxane, how the surface roughness of top electrodes affects the effective contact area, influences the symmetry of the response of the junctions, and how the electrical characteristics scale with molecular length are established.
Graphene‐Based Fibers: Recent Advances in Preparation and Application
Authors: Xu Tong , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based fibers (GBFs) are macroscopic 1D assemblies formed by using microscopic 2D graphene sheets as building blocks. Their unique structure exhibits the same merits as graphene such as low weight, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical/electrical properties, and ease of functionalization. Furthermore, the fibrous nature of GBFs is intrinsically compatible with existing textile technologies, making them suitable for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Recently, novel synthetic methods have endowed GBFs with new structures and functions, further improving their mechanical and electrical properties. These improvements have rapidly bridged the gaps between laboratory demonstrations and real‐life applications in fiber‐shaped batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors. Recent advances in the fabrication, optimization, and application of GBFs are systematically reviewed and a perspective on their future development is given.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Six‐Membered P,O‐Heterocycles via Hydration/Intramolecular Cyclization Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhang Shan , Cheng Haiyang , Mo Sheng , Yin Shiwei , Zhang Zunting , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of six‐membered P,O‐heterocycles from dialkynylphosphine oxides. By using gold(I) complexes, the chemoselectivity of the reaction was switched from literature‐reported double hydration to a hydration/intramolecular cyclization cascade. Control experiments indicated that the first alkyne hydration product is an intermediate of the reaction. In addition, a density functional theory (DFT) calculation allowed to rationalize the observed chemoselectivity.magnified image
Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Functionalization of Inert C−O Bonds Assisted by Directing Groups
Authors: Lin Cong , Gao Fei , Shen Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe catalytic transformation of C−O bonds plays an irreplaceable role in nature and the synthetic world due to the most widespread and naturally rich nature of such chemical bonds. In recent years, the transition metal‐catalyzed direct functionalization of C−O bonds shows a high potential synthetic value to construct C−C or C−X bonds, and much progress has been made in the realm of C−O bond activation assisted by directing groups. This review summarizes the recent significant achievements in directing group‐assisted transition metal‐catalyzed functionalization of inert C−O bonds with highly regioselectivity.magnified image
Are buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides) cytotypes spatially and ecologically differentiated?
Authors: Hadle Jacob J. , Russell F. Leland , Beck James B. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseAlthough autopolyploidy is common among dominant Great Plains grasses, the distribution of cytotypes within a given species is typically poorly understood. This study aims to establish the geographic distribution of cytotypes within buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides) and to assess whether individual cytotypes have differing ecological tolerances.MethodsA range‐wide set of 578B. dactyloidesindividuals was obtained through field collecting and sampling from herbarium specimens. The cytotype of each sample was estimated by determining allele numbers at 13 simple sequence repeat loci, a strategy that was assessed by comparing estimated to known cytotype in 79 chromosome‐counted samples. Ecological differentiation between the dominant tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes was assessed with analyses of macroclimatic variables.ResultsSimple sequence repeat variation accurately estimated cytotype in 89% of samples from which a chromosome count had been obtained. Applying this approach to samples of unknown ploidy established that diploids and pentaploids are rare, with the common tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes generally occurring in sites to the north/west (tetraploid) or south/east (hexaploid) portions of the species range. BothMANOVAand niche modeling approaches identified significant but subtle differences in macroclimatic conditions at the set of locations occupied by these two dominant cytotypes.ConclusionsIncorporating chromosome count vouchers and cytotype‐estimated herbarium records allowed us to perform the largest study of cytotype niche differentiation to date. Buffalograss cytotypes differ greatly in frequency, the common tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes are non‐randomly distributed, and these two cytotypes are subtly ecologically differentiated.
Factors affecting salivary α‐amylase levels measured with a handheld biosensor and a standard laboratory assay
Authors: Tangprasert Kanlayanee , Jantaratnotai Nattinee , Pachimsawat Praewpat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesA handheld biosensor for measuring salivary α‐amylase (sAA) was developed for convenient on‐site measurement. Previous studies reported some discrepancies in sAA levels measured with a biosensor and a standard assay. This study aimed to compare sAA levels measured with three different methods and the factors affecting its levels.MethodsThirty‐eight participants collected saliva two times for three measurements. First, the collector strip was placed under the tongue for 2 minutes, then the strip was used to measure sAA level on‐site immediately (intraoral biosensor; method 1). Then, a participant pooled the saliva for 4 minutes and collected the saliva into the tube which was aliquoted to measure in a laboratory with a handheld biosensor (extraoral biosensor; method 2) and with a standard enzyme kinetic assay (EKA; method 3). Additional experiments were carried out to compare the levels of sAA measured with differences in pooling time and positioning of the collector strip.ResultsA high correlation of sAA levels between an extraoral and an EKA measurement (r = 0.989) was observed, while sAA levels measured with an intraoral method showed a significant but weaker correlation with either an EKA (r = 0.475) or an extraoral method (r = 0.436). Saliva pooling time and positioning of the collector strip significantly affected sAA levels.ConclusionsA handheld biosensor is valid to measure sAA levels extraorally. For an intraoral measurement, pooling time and positioning of the collector strip need to be taken into account.
Studies of proteasome inhibition and apoptosis induction in triple‐negative breast cancer cells by novel amino acid–polypyridine–copper complex
Authors: Li Dongdong , Wang Luyao , Yagüe Ernesto , Dai Linlin , Zhao Xiumei , Yang Zibo , Zhi Shuang , Hu Yunhui 
Published: July 2019

An innovative ternary copper(II) complex, [Cu(Cl‐PIP)(Tyr)Cl]n, has been synthesized and characterized using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray crystallography indicates that the Cu atom is five‐coordinated in a square‐pyramidal configuration. The unit forms a one‐dimensional chain along the crystallographic c‐axis. The complex was screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of eight human cancer cell lines, namely MDA‐MB‐231, CAL‐51, K562, HeLa, SGC‐7901, A549, MCF‐7 and SMMC‐7721. The best anticancer activity was obtained with triple‐negative breast cancer CAL‐51 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 0.035–0.10 μM, and this was better than using carboplatin. The complex inhibits proteasomal chymotrypsin‐like activity, and docking studies reveal its interaction with 20S proteasome. In addition, the complex causes accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation, indicating its great potential as a novel therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer.
Template process for engineering the photoluminescence of PVK and PPV‐based nanowires
Authors: Mbarek Mohamed , Garreau Alexandre , Massuyeau Florian , Alimi Kamel , Wéry Jany , Faulques Eric , Duvail Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBlends or stacking layers of two complementary materials are the dominant methods to get a strong donor‐acceptor behavior for in‐solution‐processed thin film devices. These methods result in different local arrangement of the two species, a central point for tuning the donor‐acceptor. In this work, it is proposed to organize a donor (poly[vinylcarbazole], PVK) and an acceptor (poly[para‐phenylenevinylene], PPV) in a nanowire geometry. A two‐step template process was used to fabricate coaxial nanowires with PPV and PVK alternatively as the core or the shell material, as shown by morphological characterization and micro‐Raman spectroscopy study. The differences of the photoluminescence properties of these two types of coaxial nanowires compared with those of PVK‐PPV blend nanowires and of pure PPV and PVK nanowires are discussed by considering the local polymer arrangement and the exciton diffusion length. Nano‐sources, as well as nanostructured light emitting diodes, could take advantage of this 1D‐like morphology for light emission control. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48201.
Estimating the trends in inequality in Bhutan using the recent Living Standard Survey 2017: The importance of adjusting expenditure for household composition
Authors: Tobden Tobden 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article evaluates and discusses inequality in Bhutan for the period of 2007–2012 and 2012–2017. Using the OECD‐modified equivalence scale, the article finds that the inequality in Bhutan fell by around 6% in the period of 2007–2012 but rose by 1% during 2012–2017. The urban inequality experienced consecutive fall by 2% in the period of 2007–2012 and almost 4% in the period of 2012–2017. The rural counterpart experienced fall by 0.1% in the period of 2007–2012 but rose by 2% in the period of 2012–2017. The richest 20% who received almost nine times the income of the poorest 20% in 2007 fell to eight times in 2012 and then again rose to a little more than eight times in 2017.
Microtopographic structures facilitate plant recruitment across a saltmarsh tidal gradient
Authors: Wang Qing , Cui Baoshan , Luo Meng , Qiu Dongdong , Shi Wei , Xie Chengjie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

It is well known that establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it seems crucial during the recruitment recovery process to overcome this establishment limitation on bare or degraded patches.
Microtopographic structures have been shown to act as trap agents in saltmarshes. They can facilitate establishment, but this effect has not been quantitatively examined and assessed. This study examined the facilitative effect of microtopographic structures on plant recruitment in a dynamic saltmarsh system by conducting a series of field experiments along a saltmarsh tidal gradient.
A simple plant life‐cycle model was used to evaluate the dynamics of the plant recruitment process facilitated by microtopographic structure and the importance of each life stage. The influence of abiotic factors on each life stage was also assessed, to identify the determinants during the life history.
It was revealed that seed retention was the limiting factor in a bare saltmarsh area, rather than seed dispersal. Microtopographic structures can provide trap agents to facilitate seed anchorage. During seed retention, the stability of the microtopographic structure, especially its relative surface elevation difference, can be influenced by tidal events and the associated sediment process, which then affects seed retention efficiency.
Microtopographic structure has a strong environmental filtering effect that can revise the potential dispersed seed and emergence patterns, and the determinant of the final establishment pattern along a tidal gradient is the retention pattern resulting from the interactions between microtopographic structures and tidal events.
Furthermore, it can be designed into the early stage of recovery or restoration process so that it facilitates pioneer plant establishment. These early recruitment patches will speed up the recovery or succession process by (1) providing local seed sources, (2) retaining more seeds via the established vegetative structures, and (3) modifying microhabitat factors.
Contribution of Inflammation and Bone Destruction to Pain in Arthritis: A Study in Murine Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Isomerase–Induced Arthritis
Authors: Ebbinghaus Matthias , Müller Sylvia , Segond von Banchet Gisela , Eitner Annett , Wank Isabel , Hess Andreas , Hilger Ingrid , Kamradt Thomas , Schaible Hans‐Georg 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveArthritis is often characterized by inflammation and bone destruction. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of inflammation and bone destruction to pain.MethodsInflammation, bone resorption, pain‐related behaviors, and molecular markers (activating transcription factor 3 [ATF‐3], p‐CREB, and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) in sensory neurons were measured in murine glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (G6PI)–induced arthritis, a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Depletion of Treg cells before immunization changed self‐limiting arthritis into nonremitting arthritis with pronounced bone destruction. Zoledronic acid (ZA) was administered to reduce bone resorption.ResultsCompared to nondepleted mice, Treg cell–depleted mice exhibited arthritis with more severe bone destruction and higher guarding scores (P < 0.05; n = 10 mice per group) as well as more persistent thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.05), but displayed similar mechanical hyperalgesia at the hindpaws (n = 18–26 mice per group). These pain‐related behaviors, as well as an up‐regulation of the neuronal injury marker ATF‐3 in sensory neurons (studied in 39 mice), appeared before the clinical score (inflammation) became positive and persisted in Treg cell–depleted and nondepleted mice. In the late stage of arthritis, Treg cell–depleted mice treated with ZA showed less bone resorption (<50%; P < 0.01) and less thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01) than Treg cell–depleted mice without ZA treatment (n = 15 mice per group), but ZA treatment did not reduce the clinical score and local mechanical hyperalgesia.ConclusionPain‐related behaviors precede and outlast self‐limiting arthritis. In nonremitting arthritis with enhanced bone destruction, mainly local thermal, but not local mechanical, hyperalgesia was aggravated. The up‐regulation of ATF‐3 indicates an early and persisting affection of sensory neurons by G6PI‐induced arthritis.
Maternal exposure to ambient cadmium levels, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Ramakrishnan Rema , Stuart Amy L. , Salemi Jason L. , Chen Henian , O'Rourke Kathleen , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare musculoskeletal birth defect with a prevalence of 2.61 per 10,000 in the United States. There is limited evidence for ambient air pollutants in the etiology of CDH in humans.ObjectivesWe investigated the role of maternal exposure to ambient cadmium as a risk factor for CDH (overall and stratified by isolated and non‐isolated subtypes) in Florida and whether maternal smoking during pregnancy was an effect modifier of this association.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study using data from the 1999–2012 Florida Birth Defects Registry linked to the National Air Toxic Assessment database. Analyses included chi–square tests; multilevel Poisson regression models to calculate measures of association between cadmium and CDH; and stratified analyses to examine effect modification by maternal smoking status.ResultsThe study population consisted of 2,591,395 live births including 840 CDH cases. We did not find evidence for an association between maternal exposure to ambient cadmium concentration and CDH. We observed a 24% increased risk of CDH among isolated cases in the highest quartile of cadmium exposure (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.55). Although we were limited by small sample size for CDH cases, we found that among mothers who smoked during pregnancy, exposure to the highest quartile of cadmium was associated with more than two times higher risk for CDH among overall (95%CI: 1.04, 4.39) and isolated (95%CI: 1.07, 5.57) cases.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which maternal ambient cadmium exposure may increase the risk of CDH in offspring, and the extent to which maternal smoking during pregnancy modifies this association.
Effect of preferential solvation and bimolecular quenching reactions on 3OCE in acetonitrile and 1,4‐dioxane binary mixtures by optical absorption and fluorescence studies
Authors: Muttannavar V.T. , Melavanki Raveendra , Sharma Kalpana , Vaijayanthimala S. , Shelar Vikas M. , Patil S.S. , Naik L.R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluorescence quenching and preferential solvation of a coumarin derivative, namely 3‐[2‐oxo‐2‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐ethylidene]‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one (3OCE), with aniline used as a quencher in solvent mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) and 1,4‐dioxane (DX) was carried out at steady state. Suppan's theory of dielectric enrichment was used to understand the nonideality and dielectric enrichment in AN–DX solvent mixtures. The effect of viscosity and dielectric constant variation at room temperature were analyzed. Quenching was characterized using Stern–Volmer plots with an upward curvature. It was found that 3OCE underwent combined static and dynamic quenching that was evident from the quenching rate parameters.
Combination of metformin and luteolin synergistically protects carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity: Mechanism involves antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Yang , Jun Chen , Lu Yang , Jiangmei Song 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiver diseases are one of the fatal disorders due to the vital role of the liver. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is the most perceived chemical substance utilized in developing models of hepatic damage. Metformin (Met) is a potent antidiabetic and redox modulatory agent that has shown anticancer and protective effects on various organs. Therefore, addition of therapy with natural antioxidative agents or herbal extracts shows defensive impacts against different injuries inside the body. Luteolin (Lut) can be found in several customary Chinese remedies. It has been reported for various pharmacological actions such as antitumor, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory impacts. Here, the liver injury rat model was established using CCl4 (1.00 mL/kg body weight) in vivo. The protective roles of Met and Lut separately or in combination were observed in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. The result was shown that both Met and Lut, while individually used, were normally active in diminishing CCl4‐caused hepatotoxicity. The combination of two drugs performed synergistically to improve liver damage caused by CCl4, as shown by the considerably improved liver dysfunction. Met and Lut showed highly antioxidative effects on CCl4‐treated rats moderately by increasing the activities and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Along with this, a combination of Met and Lut significantly suppressed inflammatory responses, which is evidenced by the reduced level of inflammatory cytokines together with interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). Additionally, CCl4‐agitated apoptosis was intensely reduced by Met and Lut through reducing cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax (pro‐apoptotic factor) while increasing Bcl‐2 (antiapoptotic factor) signaling pathways. Cotreatments of Met and Lut upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression in the CCl4‐intoxicated rat's liver. The above result recommended that combination of Met and Lut may have a substantial potential and synergizing impact against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity.