bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jin Mengchao , Qian Zhiyuan , Yin Jiayu , Xu Weiting , Zhou Xiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the recent years, both human and animal experiments have revealed that alterations in the composition and function of intestinal flora, recognized as gut microflora dysbiosis, can accelerate the progression of CVDs. Moreover, intestinal flora metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid and indoxyl sulfate, which affects the host physiological processes by activation of numerous signalling pathways. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for CVD that involve interfering with the composition, function and metabolites of the intestinal flora.
The Crisisification of Policy‐making in the European Union
Authors: Rhinard Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years a subtle change has taken place in the policy‐making machinery shaping European integration. The traditional methods for producing collective European Union (EU) policies, typified by the extensive analysis of a problem, extended phases of consultation with stakeholders, the deliberate cultivation of support for proposals, occasional decision‐making moments and their long‐term implementation, now share space with what is best described as crisis‐oriented methods for arriving at collective decisions. These methods prioritize the early identification of the next crisis, specific kinds of actors and technologies, abbreviated decision‐making procedures and new narratives on the raison d'etre of European integration. This article treats this development as a kind of crisisification of EU policy‐making – a change in the processes by which collective decisions are made – and explores its implications for practice and research by drawing on both classical EU studies approaches and insights from critical security studies.
Risk of hip fracture in patients on hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Thongprayoon Charat , Mao Michael A , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Bathini Tarun , Kaewput Wisit , Ungprasert Patompong , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundBone and mineral metabolism disorders are common among end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, which could lead to hip fracture. It is unclear whether the hip fracture risk is different among patients on hemodialysis (HD) versus peritoneal dialysis (PD). This meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the hip fracture risk in ESRD patients on HD, when compared to PD.MethodsA literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases through January 31, 2018 to identify studies that appraised the rate or risk of hip fracture among patients on HD, when compared to PD. Effect estimates from the individual studies were derived and consolidated utilizing random‐effect, generic inverse variance approach of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsFive cohort studies with 1 276 677 ESRD patients were enrolled. HD status was associated with a significantly higher risk of hip fracture with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50‐1.73, I2 = 10.0%), compared with PD. When the analysis was limited to studies with confounder‐adjusted analysis, the pooled OR of hip fracture among HD patients was 1.57 (95% CI 1.43‐1.72, I2 = 13.6%). Funnel plots and Egger's regression test demonstrated no significant publication bias in our meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAmong ESRD patients, HD status is associated with a 61% higher risk of hip fracture compared to PD.
Non‐oral, aerobic, Gram‐negative bacilli in the oral cavity of Thai HIV‐positive patients on Highly‐active anti‐retrovirus therapy medication
Authors: Arirachakaran Pratanporn , Luangworakhun Sureeat , Charalampakis Georgios , Dahlén Gunnar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we identified and evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of 96 independent, aerobic, Gram‐negative bacillus isolates from 255 Thai HIV‐positive adults who were on Highly‐active anti‐retrovirus therapy (HAART) medication. Another 46 isolates from HIV non‐HAART individuals, vertically transmitted HIV‐positive individuals, and non‐HIV controls were included for comparison. A total of 103 strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion for screening and E‐test for minimal inhibitory concentration determination, with special attention on extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola, Burkholderia cepacia, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter species were the most common bacteria. All strains were resistant against penicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole. No ESBL isolates were found.
The combined effects of salivas and occlusal indicators on occlusal contact forces
Authors: Beninati Christopher J. , Katona Thomas R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome occlusal detection products are designed for use on dry teeth, but this is not always achieved. Others are suited for dry and wet applications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the combined effects, on occlusal contact forces, of two previously studied affecting variables—occlusal detection products and saliva.MethodsWe used a full‐arch dentiform with three occlusal detection products (an articulating film, an articulation paper and T‐Scan) in combination with human (HS) and an artificial saliva. The maxillary arch assembly, weighing ~54 N (the maximum bite force), was lowered onto (occlusion) and lifted off (disclusion) of the mandibular arch through 10 cycles by a mechanical testing machine. The forces and moments acting on the mandibular arch were continuously recorded by a load cell that supported it.ResultsThe maximum values of Flateral (the in‐occlusal plane component of the occlusal contact force) were analysed by occlusion/disclusion separately using one‐way ANOVA, with factor for group type to identify the significant effect of salivas on products, effect of products, effect of salivas with products, effect of human saliva. A difference in occlusion and/or in disclusion was considered different. Statistical differences (P < 0.0001) in Flateral were found in: dry product vs product + HS, dry product vs product + artificial saliva (with articulating film and T‐Scan) and HS vs product + HS (with articulation paper and T‐Scan).ConclusionAll products were affected by the salivas, except articulation paper by artificial saliva.
Evaluation of salivary metabolomics in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sridharan Gokul , Ramani Pratibha , Patankar Sangeeta , Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMetabolomics is the study of metabolome which describes the full repertoire of small molecules, and the analysis of salivary metabolomics may help in identifying tumor‐specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prediction of tumor progression. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of salivary metabolites in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsSalivary metabolomic profile of patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (n = 21) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 22) was compared with apparently normal controls (n = 18) using Q‐TOF—liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. MassHunter profile software and Metlin database were used for metabolite identification. ANOVA to identify the regulation of metabolites between the three groups, t test (P < 0.05) to signify the changes between two groups, and chi‐square test (P < 0.05) to indicate the presence or absence of metabolites in the study participants of the three groups were performed.ResultsSignificant upregulation of 1‐methylhistidine, inositol 1,3,4‐triphosphate, d‐glycerate‐2‐phosphate, 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide, 2‐oxoarginine, norcocaine nitroxide, sphinganine‐1‐phosphate, and pseudouridine in oral leukoplakia and OSCC was noted. Downregulated compounds in the diseased groups included l‐homocysteic acid, ubiquinone, neuraminic acid, and estradiol valerate.ConclusionA range of salivary metabolites were significantly altered in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Further, it is necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of the individual metabolites in preventing malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and to improve prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Ethics‐relevant values in adulthood: Longitudinal findings from the life and time study
Authors: Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Saucier Gerard , Srivastava Sanjay , Flournoy John C. , Costello Cory K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates a set of variables related to the relative valuing of narrow self‐interest versus the concerns of a larger community. These values likely capture stable dispositions. Additionally, because ethics‐relevant values are associated with ongoing cultural and moral socialization, they may develop over time as in May’s theory of “mature” values.MethodWe administered eight value priority scales (Mature Values, Unmitigated Self‐Interest, Materialism, Financial Aspirations, and Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism) to a national community sample (N = 864, 66% female, 71% White, mean age 36) on four occasions approximately one year apart (Time 4N = 570). We examined the mean‐level change as cross‐sectional age differences and longitudinal change, and rank‐order stability. Correlations with Big Five/Big Six personality traits are reported.ResultsAs people grew older, they increased in Mature Values and Horizontal and Vertical Collectivism, and decreased in Unmitigated Self‐Interest, Materialism, and Vertical Individualism. Rank‐order stability of the values was nearly as high as personality traits over three years. Stability increased with age for some scales.DiscussionThe stability of values scores suggests that they capture dispositional aspects, but age differences and longitudinal trends are also consistent with the hypothesis of socialization toward more inclusive value priorities.
Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth performance and antioxidative function of small intestine in broilers
Authors: Sun Dengsheng , Jin Xiao , Camerlink Irene , Tong Manman , Su Junling , Zhao Fei , Yan Sumei , Shi Binlin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) could enhance immune function in broilers, which was attributed primarily to its saponin components. However, YSE also contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant ability. This study tested the effects of YSE on growth performance of broilers, its antioxidative enzyme activities and corresponding gene expressions in the small intestine. A total of 128 15‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: corn‐soya bean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days which was divided into a grower period (day: 15–28) and a finisher period (day: 29–42). On day 28 and day 42 body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were recorded. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GPx. The results showed that during the grower period a diet including 100 mg/kg YSE improved CAT capacity in the ileum, tended to increase activities of GPx in the duodenum, and further showed enhancing tendencies in SOD and GPx abilities in ileum. Gene expressions of CAT, SOD and GPx in the ileum tended to upregulate at 100 mg/kg YSE level. In the finisher period and over the whole period, all YSE groups had a reduced FI compared to the control group without compromising BW; 100 and 200 mg/kg YSE significantly improved FCR. In conclusion, the improved growth performance of broilers during the finisher period may be due to enhanced antioxidative ability in the grower period with YSE supplementation. This study provided evidence of using YSE as an additive to enhance growth in broilers.
Local flooding history affects plant recruitment in riparian zones
Authors: Sarneel Judith M. , Bejarano Maria Dolores , van Oosterhout Martin , Nilsson Christer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsMany rivers across the globe are severely impacted by changed flooding regimes, resulting in drastic shifts in vegetation, but the processes driving the exchange of flood‐sensitive and flood‐tolerant species are understood less. We studied the role of long‐term and recent flooding histories for riparian plant recruitment in response to various changes in flooding regime.LocationVindel River catchment (Northern Sweden).MethodsWe experimentally changed long‐term flooding regimes by transplanting turfs between high and low elevations in 2000 and in 2014 (n = 8 per treatment). We sowed seeds of five riparian species in both transplanted turfs and non‐transplanted controls and counted seedling numbers over two growing seasons. Further, we inventoried natural seedling frequencies in 190 plots in 19 reaches in 2013 and 2014, and related natural seedling numbers to plot flooding history in the period 2012–2014.ResultsWe observed effects of long‐term flooding history in the second year of the transplantation study (2015), but not in the first year. In 2015, turfs transplanted to locations with less flooding resulted in higher plant recruitment while transplantation to sites with more frequent flooding reduced recruitment compared to the controls. Since these differences were only found in recently transplanted turfs and not in older turfs, the legacy effect of long‐term flooding history can be transient. In the field seedling survey, similar differences were found between flooding‐history categories in 2013, but not in 2014, when the moisture conditions of the most recent year determined flooding. Further, lowest seedling numbers were observed when the previous flooding occurred in winter, and higher seedling numbers when floods occurred in spring or not at all.ConclusionsBoth long‐term and recent flooding histories can affect plant recruitment, and their influence should be taken into account when designing restoration projects.
Addendum to “Stöffler, D., Hamann, C., and Metzler, K., Shock metamorphism of planetary silicate rocks and sediments: Proposal for an updated classification system. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 53, 5–49, 2018”
Authors: Stöffler Dieter , Hamann Christopher , Metzler Knut 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith this addendum we provide some correction and additional information regarding the above cited publication. It addresses the following two topics. (1) Clarification for a correct application of the criteria for certain shock stages of chondrites, in particular stage C‐S6. (2) Correction of a printing error in the table that contains the shock classification system of chondrites.
Genomics, environment and balancing selection in behaviourally bimodal populations: The caribou case
Authors: Cavedon Maria , Gubili Chrysoula , Heppenheimer Elizabeth , vonHoldt Bridgett , Mariani Stefano , Hebblewhite Mark , Hegel Troy , Hervieux Dave , Serrouya Robert , Steenweg Robin , Weckworth Byron V. , Musiani Marco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSelection forces that favour different phenotypes in different environments can change frequencies of genes between populations along environmental clines. Clines are also compatible with balancing forces, such as negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS), which maintains phenotypic polymorphisms within populations. For example, NFDS is hypothesized to maintain partial migration, a dimorphic behavioural trait prominent in species where only a fraction of the population seasonally migrates. Overall, NFDS is believed to be a common phenomenon in nature, yet a scarcity of studies were published linking naturally occurring allelic variation with bimodal or multimodal phenotypes and balancing selection. We applied a Pool‐seq approach and detected selection on alleles associated with environmental variables along a North–South gradient in western North American caribou, a species displaying partially migratory behaviour. On 51 loci, we found a signature of balancing selection, which could be related to NFDS and ultimately the maintenance of the phenotypic polymorphisms known within these populations. Yet, remarkably, we detected directional selection on a locus when our sample was divided into two behaviourally distinctive groups regardless of geographic provenance (a subset of GPS‐collared migratory or sedentary individuals), indicating that, within populations, phenotypically homogeneous groups were genetically distinctive. Loci under selection were linked to functional genes involved in oxidative stress response, body development and taste perception. Overall, results indicated genetic differentiation along an environmental gradient of caribou populations, which we found characterized by genes potentially undergoing balancing selection. We suggest that the underlining balancing force, NFDS, plays a strong role within populations harbouring multiple haplotypes and phenotypes, as it is the norm in animals, plants and humans too.
Determination of nursing procedures and competencies in emergency departments: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dağ Gülten S. , Bişkin Songül , Gözkaya Meral 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the nursing procedures carried out by emergency department nurses. This descriptive study was carried out between April and September 2015 in the emergency departments of two state hospitals and one university hospital in Turkey. The study population comprised 139 emergency nurses working for at least 1 year in the emergency department of one of the three hospitals. Data were gathered by using the Emergency Nursing Procedures Questionnaire, which is composed of three sections to reveal nursing procedures performed in emergency departments. The procedures most frequently performed by the participants were administration of pain medication and assessment of patient responses (3.97 ± .18). Assessment of the patient's nutritional status (1.79 ± 1.16) was among the least frequently performed nursing procedures. Emergency nurses carried out nursing care procedures less frequently and took part most frequently in procedures related to medical diagnosis and treatment. According to results of this study, these procedures and competencies will highlight what knowledge and skills emergency nurses need. They will also guide in the creation of in‐service training programs and illuminate competencies that need improvement.
The Use of Instrumental Variables in Peer Effects Models
Authors: von Hinke Stephanie , Leckie George , Nicoletti Cheti 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInstrumental variables are often used to identify peer effects. This paper shows that instrumenting the ‘peer average outcome’ with ‘peer average characteristics’ requires the researcher to include the instrument at the individual level as an explanatory variable. We highlight the bias that occurs when failing to do this.
The diagnostic value of APT for food allergy in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Ying , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Li Zhong‐Yue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of atopy patch test (APT) in the diagnosis of food allergy (FA) remains largely controversial. In our meta‐analysis, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of APT for diagnosing FA in children.MethodsPubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for studies regarding the diagnostic value of APT for FA in children compared to oral food challenge (double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge and/or open food challenge). The last search was conducted on November 11, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened relevant studies and assessed the quality by QUADAS‐2. Meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR (diagnostic odds ratio), PLR (positive likelihood ratio), NLR (negative likelihood ratio) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted according to different food allergens, atopic dermatitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and age younger than 3 years.ResultsForty‐one studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 50.30% (95% CI 48.40%‐52.30%), 86.60% (95% CI 85.30%‐87.80%), 3.405 (95% CI 2.594‐4.470), 0.545 (95% CI 0.469‐0.634) and 7.528 (95% CI 5.507‐11.206), respectively. However, for children with FA‐related gastrointestinal symptoms, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 57.40% (95% CI 52.10%‐62.50%) and 91.50% (95% CI 88.30%‐94.10%) respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that APT is specific but not sensitive for diagnosing FA in children, especially in children with FA‐related gastrointestinal symptoms.
Manual vs pressure‐controlled facemask ventilation during the induction of general anesthesia in children: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Jung Haesun , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Song In‐Kyung , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Tae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric insufflation frequently occurs during facemask ventilation in children. In the present study, we compared the incidence of gastric insufflation between pressure‐controlled facemask ventilation and manual facemask ventilation during general anesthesia induction in children.MethodsChildren in the pressure‐controlled ventilation group (n = 76) received pressure‐controlled facemask ventilation at an inspiratory pressure of 13 cm H2O. In the manual ventilation group (n = 75), facemask ventilation was manually performed by anesthesiologists, who tried to maintain an inspiratory pressure of 13 cm H2O. The adjustable pressure limiting valve was set at 13 cm H2O. The incidence of gastric insufflation during 90 seconds after the initiation of ventilation was assessed using epigastric auscultation and gastric ultrasonography.ResultsThe incidence of gastric insufflation was significantly higher in the manual facemask ventilation group than in the pressure‐controlled ventilation group (48% vs 12%, respectively; odds ratio 7.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.38‐17.9; P < 0.001). The mean peak airway pressure during ventilation was significantly higher in the manual ventilation group than in the pressure‐controlled ventilation group (16.1 [3.0] cm H2O vs 13.0 [0.1] cm H2O; 95% CI of differences, 2.36‐3.71 cm H2O; P < 0.001). The manual ventilation group exhibited a wide peak airway pressure range (11‐26 cm H2O) and a wide variation of tidal volume (0‐7.0 mL/kg) compared with those of the pressure‐controlled ventilation group (13‐14 cm H2O and 0.6‐16.0 mL/kg, respectively).ConclusionAt an inspiratory pressure of 13 cm H2O, pressure‐controlled ventilation may be more effective than manual ventilation in preventing gastric insufflation while providing stable ventilation in children.