bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN D-DIMER AND DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS LOCATION AND ITS ABILITY TO PREDICT PULMONARY EMBOLISM, a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Althomali Sarah Ali , Alghamdi Adel S. , Gnoot Tareef H. , Alhassan Mohammad A. , Ajaimi Abdullatif H. , Mahjoob Jameela A. , Almalki Mohammad S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

In lower limb deep vein thrombosis; it is important to identify proximal from distal deep vein thrombosis as it carries the highest risk of pulmonary embolism. It is known that D-dimer has a great role in deep vein thrombosis diagnosis. Yet, the use of D-dimer to predict the location of deep vein thrombosis and the risk of pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis patients has not been investigated before.

Objective

To address the correlation between D-dimer and the location of deep vein thrombosis and to study the efficacy of D-dimer to predict risk of PE in patients with proximal or extensive deep vein thrombosis.

Method

We included 110 consecutive patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, with or without a concomitant diagnosis of PE, and with D-dimer measured at initial presentation. We categorized the location of deep vein thrombosis as: distal, proximal, and extensive. In the analysis, patients were grouped into high-risk (patients with Proximal or Extensive deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and low risk group (patients without pulmonary embolism).

Results

There was no significant association between D-dimer level and the location of deep vein thrombosis (p=0.519). However, D-dimer level was greater among patients with pulmonary embolism (9.6mg/L) than among patients without pulmonary embolism (7.4mg/L), (p=0.027). D-dimer was a significant predictor of pulmonary embolism as patients with proximal or extensive deep vein thrombosis had 8-folds increased risk of pulmonary embolism than patients with D-dimer less than 4.75mg/L (OR=7.9, p=0.013).

Conclusion

Though D-dimer was not significantly associated with the location of deep vein thrombosis, it was a significant predictor of pulmonary embolism in patients hospitalized with proximal or extensive deep vein thrombosis.
Article Evaluation of treatment strategies and prognostic factors of 135 patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Wang Huaying , Liang Shanhui , Feng Zheng , Xia Liangfang , Zhu Jun , Huang Yan , Xia Lingfang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the influence of treatment modalities and prognostic factors on the survival of patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS).
Methods: One hundred and thirty-five LGESS patients in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2006 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Two patients received fertility-sparing surgery while 133 patients received hysterectomy. The median follow-up duration was 52 months (3–342 months). One hundred and nine (80.7%) patients received ovariectomy, 73 (54.1%) patients had lymphadenectomy, 83 (61.5%) patients received adjuvant therapy. The 5-year and 10-year disease free survival rates were 72.0% and 61.0%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 88.0% and 79.8%, respectively. Surgery for recurrence was associated with improved overall survival although the complication rate was about 27.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphovascular invasion was associated with disease free survival (hazard ratio, 0.473; 95 % confidence interval, 0.235–0.952; p=0.036) and menopausal status was related to overall survival (hazard ratio, 5.561; 95 % confidence interval, 1.400–22.084; p=0.015).
Conclusions: There was no effect of lymphadenectomy, ovariectomy, or adjuvant therapy on patients’ recurrence and survival. Hysterectomy may be proposed as the standard treatment for LGESS. Surgery for replase was an acceptable method to improve overall survival. Lymphovascular invasion was a significant independent factor for disease free survival. Postmenopause was the poor prognostic factor for overall survival.
The circular RNA NRIP1 plays oncogenic roles by targeting miR-505 through the activation of AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in the renal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Dong Zhen , Wang Qinghai , Wang Hongyang , Ji Jianlei , Huang Tao , Khanal Aashish , Niu Haitao , Cao Yanwei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aims

To explore the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the circular RNA (circRNA) nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) (circNRIP1) in ACHN and CAKI-1 cells.

Methods

ACHN and CAKI-1 cells were transfected with si-circNRIP1 and microRNA-505 (miR-505) inhibitor or the corresponding controls. Cell viability was detected with the CCK-8. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, adenosine AMPK, AKT, PI3K, and mTOR were individually determined via western blot. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expressions of circNRIP1 and miR-505. The apoptotic rate, the colony numbers and the migration rate were separately determined by the annexin v-FITC/PI with flow cytometer, colony formation assay and modified two-chamber migration assay.

Results

circNRIP1 was overexpressed in tumor tissue. Silencing circZNF292 induced the inhibitions of cell viability, colony formation and migration, as well as the AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascades but enhancement of apoptosis. si-circNRIP1 stimulated the up-regulation of miR-505, whose silence abolished the effects of si-circNRIP1 on these elements mentioned above.

Conclusion

The circNRIP1 played oncogenic roles by targeting miR-505 via stimulating AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascades in the ACHN and the CAKI-1 cell lines.
Is HIV self-testing a potential answer to the low uptake of HIV testing services among men in Rwanda? Perspectives of male youths attending tertiary institutions and Kimisagara Youth Centre in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Pirre Gashema , Rujeni Nadine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective

To explore whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) would have the capacity to improve uptake of HIV testing services among male youths in Rwanda. We conducted a qualitative study of 22 male youths attending tertiary institutions and the Kimisagara Youth Centre in Kigali, Rwanda. Data collection was conducted through open interviews. Data analysis was conducted through thematic content analysis.

Results

Our findings revealed that most male youths had poor knowledge of HIV self-testing (HIVST), but the majority were willing to adopt it. Four main themes emerged during data analysis. Theme one indicated that male youths experienced a lack of sufficient information on HIVST. From theme two, it was uncovered that some male youths were indifferent to HIVST. From theme three, it emerged that most men perceived the cost as the main barrier to HIVST; however, if it was offered free of charge, they were willing to adopt it. Finally, theme four revealed that most male youths willing to adopt HIVST were concerned about the potential social harm and possible adverse events associated with HIVST.
Potential biological control of the pupal stage of the European grapevine moth by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana in the winter season in Chile
Authors: Altimira Fabiola , Barra Nathalia De La , Rebufel Patricia , Soto Sylvana , Soto Rodrigo , Estay Patricia , Vitta Nancy , Tapia Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective: Lobesia botrana, the European grapevine moth, affects Vitis vinifera L. and other species of economic importance in a number of countries through damage caused by its larvae in berries and associated secondary diseases such as Botrytis cinerea. Control of the moth in urban areas is difficult due to poor chemical management of infested plants in houses. Additionally, in winter, L. botrana is in its pupal stage covered with a cocoon that prevents the penetration of chemical pesticides. For this reason, the objective of this work was to control the pupal stage with a formulation based on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana in urban areas.
Results: The present study of the biocontrol activity of the formulated fungus against the infestation of vines with breeding pupae without cocoons showed 100% infection 21 days after inoculation under winter conditions. Finally, the biocontrol activity of the formulated fungus against natural infestations of L. botrana in winter in urban areas reached an efficacy of 51%. This result suggests that the B. pseudobassiana formulation is able to penetrate the cocoon and contributes to the integrated pest management of L. botrana.
Latrine utilization and its associated factors among Rural Communities of North Achefer District, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kishiru Ayichew , Azage Muluken , Zewale Taye Abuhay , Bogale Kassawmar Angaw 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objective: In Ethiopia, there has been progress on construction of latrine facilities in all parts of the country through health extension program since 2003. However, there were limited evidence whether the household are using properly or not. Therefore, the aims of this study were to decide level of latrine use and to explore the reasons for latrine use in rural community of North Achefer District, Ethiopia.
Result: The proportion of latrine utilization was 44.5 % (95% CI: 441%, 48%) among rural communities. Presence of student in household (AOR=4.3, 95%CI: 2.25, 8.26), father’s able to read and write (AOR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.2), duration of latrine (AOR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.88, 4.9), latrine need maintenance (AOR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75), short distance of latrine (AOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.55), self-initiation of latrine use (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.1, 0.46) and peer pressure for latrine use (AOR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.04, 4.13) were factors associated with increased latrine use. Poor quality of latrines, methods of mobilizing community, infrequent supervision and follow up, poor commitment of health extension workers, inadequate knowledge and unfavorable attitudes & motivations of latrine uses were challenges to use latrine.
Key words: Latrine utilization, Hand washing facilities, Hygiene, Sanitation, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Proportion and Prognosis of Bone Metastases from Gastric Cancer in SEER database
Authors: sun zepang , Chen Hao , Han Zhen , Yu Jiang , Huang Weicai , Lin Tian , Zhao Mingli , Hu Yanfeng , Liu Hao , Jiang Yuming , Li Guoxin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the proportion and prognosis of bone metastases at diagnosis of gastric cancer using population-based data from SEER.

Patients and methods

Patients with gastric cancer and bone metastases (GCBM) at the time of diagnosis in advanced gastric cancer were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed to identify predictors of the presence of GCBM at diagnosis and factors associated with all-cause mortality and gastric cancer-specific mortality. Survival curves were obtained according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.

Results

We identified 975 patients with gastric cancer and bone metastases at the time of diagnosis, representing 5.31% of the entire cohort and 13.35% of the subset with metastatic disease to any distant site. Among entire cohort, multivariable logistic regression identified five factors (lower age, diffused-type, adverse pathology grade, N1 staging and presence of more extraosseous metastases to liver, lung and brain.) as positive predictors of the presence of bone metastases at diagnosis. Median survival among the entire cohort with GCBM was 4.0 months (interquartile range: 1.0-8.0mo). Multivariable Cox model in SEER cohort confirmed two factors (non-cardia stomach and absence of chemotherapy) as negative predictors for overall survival. We also found poor survival in non-surgical patients using Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression model.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provided population-based estimates of the proportion and prognosis for GCBM at time of diagnosis. These findings provided guidance for screening and treatment of GCBM patients. Chemotherapy may make benefit for overall survival, but the role of surgery remained to be determined by further research.
Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia During Hospitalization: Predictive Value of Combined A2DS2 Score and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Yu , Ma Sheng Lian , Niu Xiaoyuan , Chang Junsen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common complication of cerebrovascular disease. The A2DS2 score has been used to predict the risk of SAP. However, hyperglycemia is not included in this scale. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether combining the A2DS2 scoring system and hyperglycemia can improve the predictive value of the conventional A2DS2 scale for SAP. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 2,552 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The A2DS2 scores, fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level on admission were collected. Regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors of SAP. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the combined A2DS2 score and fasting hyperglycemia for predicting SAP. Results: Fasting hyperglycemia was an independent risk factor for SAP (OR=2.95; 95% confidence interval: 2.11-4.12; P<0.001). The area under curve of the combined A2DS2 score and fasting hyperglycemia was significantly higher than that of the A2DS2 score alone (0.814 vs. 0.793; P=0.020). Conclusion: Fasting hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for predicting SAP. The predictive value of the modified A2DS2 score (combined A2DS2 score and fasting hyperglycemia) is superior to that of A2DS2 score.
Greater Biomass Accumulation at Anthesis Increases Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat
Authors: Brasier Kyle , Oakes Joseph , Balota Maria , Thomason Wade , Griffey Carl 
Published: July 2019

Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production relies on efficient nitrogen (N) fertilization to maximize grower profitability and mitigate environmental impacts. Therefore, a panel of 11 elite wheat lines were grown as a randomized complete block design in four environments under low (LN) and high (HN) N rates to: (i) assess the genotypic variation in aboveground biomass (AGBM) and N yield (AGNY) throughout the growing season; and (ii) investigate the associations between yield and N‐related traits with AGBM and AGNY at tillering, booting, anthesis, and physiological maturity. Biomass samples were cut at the soil level and dried at four developmental stages to determine AGBM then ground to estimate AGNY for each sample. Significant genotypic variation (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for grain yield, grain N content, and N‐utilization efficiency in all testing environments. Additionally, significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation for AGBM and AGNY was identified at the five‐tiller stage, booting, anthesis, and physiological maturity in one or more testing environments. Grain yield was not significantly correlated with any trait under LN conditions despite expressing significant association with N‐utilization efficiency, N‐harvest index, AGBM at anthesis, and AGNY at anthesis under HN rates. Significant correlations also were identified for traits between LN and HN rates including AGBM at anthesis (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) and AGNY (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Our results suggest that breeders can improve grain yields by using AGBM at anthesis as a proxy trait.Core Ideas

Genotypic variation was observed in grain yield and N content, N‐utilization, biomass, and N yield.
Grain yield correlated with aboveground biomass and aboveground N yield at anthesis under high N rates.
Breeders can improve yields by using biomass at anthesis as a proxy trait per its strong correlation with N rates.
Design of Inhibitors for Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Enzyme ofLeishmania mexicana
Authors: Alves Krisnna M.A. , Cardoso Fábio José Bonfim , Honorio Kathia M. , de Molfetta Fábio A. 
Published: July 2019

Background::Leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the design of new drugs to fight this disease.Objective::The present study aimed to evaluate potential inhibitors of GAPDH enzyme found in Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana).Methods:A search for novel antileishmanial molecules was carried out based on similarities from the pharmacophoric point of view related to the binding site of the crystallographic enzyme using the ZINCPharmer server. The molecules selected in this screening were subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.Results::Consensual analysis of the docking energy values was performed, resulting in the selection of ten compounds. These ligand-receptor complexes were visually inspected in order to analyze the main interactions and subjected to toxicophoric evaluation, culminating in the selection of three compounds, which were subsequently submitted to molecular dynamics simulations. The docking results showed that the selected compounds interacted with GAPDH from L. mexicana, especially by hydrogen bonds with Cys166, Arg249, His194, Thr167, and Thr226. From the results obtained from molecular dynamics, it was observed that one of the loop regions, corresponding to the residues 195-222, can be related to the fitting of the substrate at the binding site, assisting in the positioning and the molecular recognition via residues responsible for the catalytic activity.Conclusion::he use of molecular modeling techniques enabled the identification of promising compounds as inhibitors of the GAPDH enzyme from L. mexicana, and the results obtained here can serve as a starting point to design new and more effective compounds than those currently available.
Evaluation of the Final Color of Ceramic Veneers with Different Self-Adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Tabatabaei Masoumeh Hasani , Matinfard Fatemeh , Omrani Ladan Ranjbar , Mahounak Farzaneh Sadeghi , Ahmadi Elham 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Proper selection of cement plays an effective role in the success of ceramic laminate veneers. The cement can affect the final color by changing the optical properties of the ceramic.

Objective:
Due to the ease of clinical use of the seventh generation of cement (Self-Adhesive Cement), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of this type of cement on the final color of Ceramic Veneers (CV).

Methods:
In this study, 21 IPS e.max ceramic disks (8mm× 0.7 mm) were used. They were divided into 3 groups of 7, depending on the type of cement. (Choice 2, RelyX U200, Speed Cem). In the first stage, ceramic disks were set on the facial surface of bovine’s teeth by bonding agents and the color properties were analyzed by spectrophotometer. In the next stage, specimens were cemented on the prepared surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions and their color was evaluated subsequently.

Results:
Results were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA and TAMHANE post hoc methods (P < 0.05). Results showed that cement influences the color of the ceramic laminate. ∆E values were reported to be higher than the critical point after cementation (∆E > 2.69).

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference between the effects of three cement types on the final color of the ceramic veneers.
Matrix Factorization-based Improved Classification of Gene Expression Data
Authors: Malik Shaily , Bansal Poonam 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The medical data, in the form of prescriptions and test reports, is very extensive
which needs a comprehensive analysis.

Objective:
The gene expression data set is formulated using a very large number of genes associated
to thousands of samples. Identifying the relevant biological information from these complex associations
is a difficult task.

Methods:
For this purpose, a variety of classification algorithms are available which can be used to
automatically detect the desired information. K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm, Latent Dirichlet Allocation,
Gaussian Naïve Bayes and support Vector Classifier are some of the well known algorithms
used for the classification task. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization is a technique which has
gained a lot of popularity because of its nonnegativity constraints. This technique can be used for
better interpretability of data.

Results:
In this paper, we applied NMF as a pre-processing step for better results. We also evaluated
the given classifiers on the basis of four criteria: accuracy, precision, specificity and Recall.

Conclusion:
The experimental results shows that these classifiers give better performance when
NMF is applied at pre-processing of data before giving it to the said classifiers. Gaussian Naïve Bias
algorithm showed a significant improvement in classification after the application of NMF at preprocessing.
A Hybrid Technique for Selection and Minimization of Test Cases in Regression Testing
Authors: Singh Leena , Singh Shailendra N. , Dawra Sudhir 
Published: July 2019

Background:
In today’s era, modifications in a software is a common requirement by customers.
When changes are made to existing software, re-testing of all the test cases is required to ensure that the
newly introduced changes do not have any unwanted effect on the behavior of the software. However, retesting
of all the test cases would not only be time consuming but also expensive. Therefore, there is a need
for a technique that reduces the number of tests to be performed. Regression testing is one of the ways to reduce
the number of test cases. Selection technique is one such method which seeks to identify the test cases
that are relevant to some set of recent changes.

Objective:
It is evident that most of the studies have used different selection techniques and have focused
only on one parameter for achieving reduced test suite size without compromising the performance of regression
testing. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has taken two or more parameters of coverage,
and/or execution time in a single testing. This paper presents a hybrid technique that combines both
regression test selection using slicing technique and minimization of test cases using modified firefly algorithm
with combination of parameters coverage and execution time in a single testing.

Methods:
A hybrid technique has been described that combines both selection and minimization. Selection
of test cases is based upon slicing technique while minimization is done using firefly algorithm. Hybrid
technique selects and minimizes the test suite using information on statement coverage and execution time.

Results:
The proposed technique gives 43.33% much superior result as compared to the other hybrid
approach in terms of significantly reduced number of test cases. It shows that the resultant test cases were
effective enough to cover 100% of the statements, for all the programs. The proposed technique was also
tested on four different programs namely Quadratic, Triangle, Next day, Commission respectively for test
suite selection and minimization which gave comparatively superior result in terms of reduction (%) in
number of test cases required for testing.

Conclusion:
The combination of parameters used in slicing based approach, reduces the number of test cases
making software testing an economical, feasible and time saving option without any fault in the source
code. This proposed technique can be used by software practitioners/experts to reduce time, efforts and resources
for selection and minimization of test cases.