bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La crí­tica como proyecto intelectual. Hilvanes continuistas del pensamiento social latinoamericano
Authors: Giordano Verónica 
Published: April 2018

La década del noventa significó un grave retroceso para la tradición de pen­samiento crí­tico en América Latina. El colonialismo intelectual degradó esa valiosa cualidad que habí­a distinguido a nuestras ciencias sociales en los años sesenta y setenta: pensar crí­ticamente desde América Latina y para América Latina. La interdisciplinariedad y la historicidad fueron reemplazadas por una reclusión en el núcleo duro de saberes especí­ficos, los cuales prescindie­ron de toda referencia temporal en nombre de la objetividad. Concomitante­mente, se multiplicaron las citas de autoridad de pensadores foráneos que, en general, desconocí­an los problemas especí­ficos de nuestra región. En años recientes la crí­tica, como caracterí­stica indispensable para una ciencia propia, se habí­a revalorizado de la mano de proyectos polí­ticos que afirmaban la soberaní­a nacional, en consonancia con la autonomí­a intelectual. Pero el giro a la derecha que se está produciendo en el mundo y en la región en la actual coyuntura está provocando un grave embate a la capacidad crí­tica. Este ar­tí­culo propone pensar la sociologí­a crí­tica latinoamericana como sociologí­a histórica desde la perspectiva de la hibridación de disciplinas, para luego trazar una genealogí­a de pensamiento crí­tico que se perfila como proyecto intelectual de transformación social. Palabras clave: sociologí­a latinoamericana, sociologí­a histórica, pensamiento latinoamericano, pensamiento crí­tico.
POLA SPASIAL TERITORI PADA LANSKAP-HUNIAN MASYARAKAT PELADANG DESA JURUAN LAOK MADURA TIMUR
Authors: Febrianto Redi Sigit , Wulandari Lisa Dwi , Santosa Herry 
Published: April 2018

Masyarakat etnis Madura dikenal sebagai masyarakat peladang jagung yang individual, mandiri dan berpola subsistensi, diidentifikasi memiliki tiga teritori utama yaitu: teritori hunian, teritori ruang terbuka dan teritori lanskap pertanian. Jarak antar cluster hunian berjauhan menyebabkan disebut sebagai masyarakat individual sekaligus mandiri. Ketergantungan hidup terhadap hasil panen menyebabkan jarak hunian dengan lanskap pertaniannya sangat dekat sehingga disebut masyarakat subsistensi. Moral ekonomi berorientasi pada tanah (land ethics),karena kegigihan mempertahankan spasial teritorinya. Sehingga pertanyaan mendasar penelitian adalah bagaimana pola spasial ketiga teritori pada desa Juruan Laok Madura? Strategi yang digunakan adalah etnografi, dengan rancangan penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data utama berupa wawancara mendalam, tak-tik pertanyaan terbuka, dengan teknik sampling kasus tipikal pada empat hunian berdasarkan lima kriteria yaitu: civitas, aktivitas, pola hunian, pola lanskap pertanian dan eksistensi artefak berupa obyek penyimpanan panen. Validasi internal berupa observasi, pengukuran dan dokumentasi arsitektural, disebabkan sifat subsistensi etnis madura, sehingga kepala desa bukan nara sumber validasi internal, melainkan partisipan selaku pemilik hunian. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengkomparasi dengan konsep arsitektural-antropologis, konsep human space, juga dengan studi tema terkait. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah perwujudan konsep pola spasial yang disebut habitat. Konsep pola spasial yang disebut habitat ini terdiri dari : place, environment dan landscape. Susunan ketiganya membentuk satu gelembung hirarki yaitu place berada di dalam environment, sedangkan place dan environment berada di dalam landscape. Merujuk konsep dari arsitektural-antropologis, hirarki ketiga unsur ini disebut sebagai: habitat. Kata kunci: teritori utama, eksistensi artefak arsitektural-antropologis dan habitat
Estratégias de precificação
Authors: Belegante Christian Geovane , Gomes Karen De Lima , Brustolom Gleici Da Silva , Pandolfi Edgar De Souza 
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho resulta da análise da produção cientifica publicada em português, sobre as principais estratégias de precificação de produtos e serviços e a utilização destes conceitos em práticas de mercado. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar como está organizada a teoria presente nas publicações em português de precificação de produtos e serviços, evidenciando as abordagens teóricas sobre a determinação de preços e sua utilização nas estratégias de precificação baseadas na demanda, na concorrência, na precificação premium e em novos produtos. Foi utilizada a revisão da literatura com base em um período temporal para análise de artigos publicados em journals, compreendido entre 2000 e 2016. O critério de seleção dos artigos apoiou-se na pertinência temática do problema de pesquisa e parâmetros de exclusão, que levaram a escolha de 48 publicações utilizadas para análise. Com a revisão, concluiu-se que os fatores: preço, qualidade, demanda, receptividade dos consumidores ao produto e a influência que o preço possui sobre a percepção da qualidade influenciam diretamente no valor percebido pelo cliente e deve ser utilizado como base para a adoção de uma estratégia de precificação que maximize a performance organizacional. Como indicação para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se um mapeamento do comportamento do consumidor sob as diferentes técnicas de precificação e uma análise do impacto do preço sobre a percepção de qualidade na perspectiva do consumidor.
ABSTRACT: The present work results from the analysis of scientific production in portuguese, on the main strategies of pricing of products and services and use of concepts in market practices. The objective of this article is to identify how the theory is organized in the Portuguese publications of pricing of products and services, showing the theoretical approaches on pricing and its use in pricing strategies based on demand, competition, premium pricing and In new products. The literature review was used based on a temporal period for the analysis of articles published in journals, between 2000 and 2016. The selection criterion of the articles was based on the thematic relevance of the research problem and exclusion parameters, which led to the choice of 48 publications used for analysis. With the review, it was concluded that the factors: price, quality, demand, consumer receptivity to the product and the influence that the price has on the perception of quality directly influence the value perceived by the customer and should be used as the basis for the adoption Of a pricing strategy that maximizes organizational performance. As an indication for future research, it is suggested a mapping of consumer behavior under different pricing techniques and an analysis of the impact of price on the perception of quality from a consumer perspective.
Correlation of ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules with histopathology
Authors: Banstola Laxman 
Published: April 2018

Background: This study aims to establish correlation of ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) of thyroid nodules with histology. USG-FNAC was carried out in fifty cases of thyroid nodules and the result of USG-FNAC was compared with histopathology.Materials and Methods: The study was performed in the Department of Pathology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital over a period of one year. Fine needle aspiration of solid area of thyroid nodule was done in each case with USG guidance. FNAC results were classified according to Bethesda system of reporting. Finally, comparison was done between cytological and histological findings. Results: The age of patients that underwent thyroidectomy ranged from 16 - 70 years. Maximum number of cases fell in age group 31-40 years. Female patients outnumbered male patients by a ratio of 9: 1.On cytological study, 70% cases were diagnosed as benign, 28% as malignant and 2% as inadequate for evaluation. On histopathology, 70% cases of diagnosed cases were benign lesions. Nodular hyperplasia and colloid goiter were kept under the term ‘follicular nodule’. Follicular nodule was the most commonly diagnosed thyroid lesion. Fifteen cases of nodular hyperplasia and fourteen cases of colloid goiter were detected. Total number of malignant cases diagnosed was 15, out of which papillary carcinoma was the commonest (66.67%). We found two cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion: Sensitivity and specificity of USG-FNAC was 93.33 % and 100 %, respectively. The study showed significant correlation between FNAC (USG-guided in this study) and histopathology.
The Duration of Energy Deposition on Unresolved Flaring Loops in the Solar Corona
Authors: Reep Jeffrey W. , Polito Vanessa , Warren Harry P. , Crump Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Solar flares form and release energy across a large number of magnetic loops. The global parameters of flares, such as the total energy released, duration, physical size, etc., are routinely measured, and the hydrodynamics of a coronal loop subjected to intense heating have been extensively studied. It is not clear, however, how many loops comprise a flare, nor how the total energy is partitioned between them. In this work, we employ a hydrodynamic model to better understand the energy partition by synthesizing Si iv and Fe xxi line emission and comparing to observations of these lines with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We find that the observed temporal evolution of the Doppler shifts holds important information on the heating duration. To demonstrate this, we first examine a single loop model, and find that the properties of chromospheric evaporation seen in Fe xxi can be reproduced by loops heated for long durations, while persistent redshifts seen in Si iv cannot be reproduced by any single loop model. We then examine a multithreaded model, assuming both a fixed heating duration on all loops and a distribution of heating durations. For a fixed heating duration, we find that durations of 100–200 s do a fair job of reproducing both the red- and blueshifts, while a distribution of durations, with a median of about 50–100 s, does a better job. Finally, we compare our simulations directly to observations of an M-class flare seen by IRIS, and find good agreement between the modeled and observed values given these constraints.
Plasma Heating and Alfvénic Turbulence Enhancement During Two Steps of Energy Conversion in Magnetic Reconnection Exhaust Region of Solar Wind
Authors: Jiansen He , Xingyu Zhu , Yajie Chen , Chadi Salem , Michael Stevens , Hui Li , Wenzhi Ruan , Lei Zhang , Chuanyi Tu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The magnetic reconnection exhaust is a pivotal region with enormous magnetic energy being continuously released and converted. The physical processes of energy conversion involved are so complicated that an all-round understanding based on in situ measurements is still lacking. We present the evidence of plasma heating by illustrating the broadening of proton and electron velocity distributions, which are extended mainly along the magnetic field, in an exhaust of interchange reconnection between two interplanetary magnetic flux tubes of the same polarity on the Sun. The exhaust is asymmetric across an interface, with both sides being bounded by a pair of compound discontinuities consisting of rotational discontinuity and slow shock. The energized plasmas are found to be firehose unstable, and responsible for the emanation of Alfvén waves during the second step of energy conversion. It is realized that the energy conversion in the exhaust can be a two-step process involving both plasma energization and wave emission.
Two-dimensional Nonlinear Simulations of Temperature-anisotropy Instabilities with a Proton-alpha Drift
Authors: Markovskii S. A. , Chandran Benjamin D. G. , Vasquez Bernard J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present two-dimensional hybrid simulations of proton-cyclotron and mirror instabilities in a proton-alpha plasma with particle-in-cell ions and a neutralizing electron fluid. The instabilities are driven by the protons with temperature perpendicular to the background magnetic field larger than the parallel temperature. The alpha particles with initially isotropic temperature have a nonzero drift speed with respect to the protons. The minor ions are known to influence the relative effect of the proton-cyclotron and mirror instabilities. In this paper, we show that the mirror mode can dominate the power spectrum at the nonlinear stage even if its linear growth rate is significantly lower than that of the proton-cyclotron mode. The proton-cyclotron instability combined with the alpha-proton drift is a possible cause of the nonzero magnetic helicity observed in the solar wind for fluctuations propagating nearly parallel to the magnetic field. Our simulations generally confirm this concept but reveal a complex helicity spectrum that is not anticipated from the linear theory of the instability.
Benchmark Linelists and Radiative Cooling Functions for LiH Isotopologues
Authors: Diniz Leonardo G. , Alijah Alexander , Mohallem José R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Linelists and radiative cooling functions in the local thermodynamic equilibrium limit have been computed for the six most important isotopologues of lithium hydride, 7LiH, 6LiH, 7LiD, 6LiD, 7LiT, and 6LiT. The data are based on the most accurate dipole moment and potential energy curves presently available, the latter including adiabatic and leading relativistic corrections. Distance-dependent reduced vibrational masses are used to account for non-adiabatic corrections of the rovibrational energy levels. Even for 7LiH, for which linelists have been reported previously, the present linelist is more accurate. Among all isotopologues, 7LiH and 6LiH are the best coolants, as shown by the radiative cooling functions.
Epistemological Development in First-Year Nursing Students Undertaking Cultural Safety Education
Authors: Greenwood Sallie , Fyers Katrina 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The process of teaching cultural safety is emancipatory, focused on wider social relations and the context in which they arise. As teachers of cultural safety, we are interested in the way that ideas are formed, held, and changed. The aim of this research was to examine whether epistemological shifts were demonstrated by nursing students over one semester of cultural safety teaching–learning.

Method:
NVivo software was used to analyze 34 nursing students' reflective journals, applying a cognitive–developmental framework. The framework comprised three epistemological positions—dualism, relativism, and propositional—and two in-between locations, referred to as stretching.

Results:
The results showed student movement between early epistemological positions and students' efforts to stretch to new, yet untried, ways of thinking.

Conclusion:

In the classroom, these shifts may be subtle; thus, paying careful attention to evidence that students are trying out new ways of thinking is essential. Appreciating that these small but significant shifts are perhaps more important than ‘aha’ moments is crucial. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(4):229–232.]
Stepping Into Their Shoes: The Ostomy Experience
Authors: Hood Donna G. , Haskins Tara L. , Roberson Sherrie C. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Empathetic patient care and reflective practice are linked to improved patient outcomes. Nurse educators play a key role in facilitating the development of empathy in nursing students. Research reveals an interest in reflective learning using a variety of approaches.

Method:
Taking cues from the previous literature, “The Ostomy Experience” was developed, implemented, and evaluated qualitatively. The Ostomy Experience included paired learning, simulated ostomy stories, skills application in a laboratory setting, personal experience of an ostomate appliance, and structured reflective journaling throughout the process. Responses were evaluated for emerging themes.

Results:
Data analysis revealed themes of Encountering Emotions, Becoming Aware, and Impacting Personal Practice.

Conclusion:

The structured reflective journaling yielded rich student learning data. Responses were evident of self-proclaimed change in attitudes, deeper understanding of the patient experience, and achievement of the learning objectives. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(4):233–236.]
Engaging Nursing Students in a Culture of Integrity
Authors: Moore Holly Ann , Gaviola Melissa Spratt 
Published: April 2018

Background:
In order to become safe, effective professionals, nursing students must have a working knowledge of academic and professional integrity principles. However, nursing students have knowledge gaps in these areas, which may lead to unethical practices postgraduation. Inconsistencies in faculty enforcement of integrity principles may lead to student confusion and further student risk.

Method:
An interactive online integrity course was designed to address knowledge gaps related to academic and professional integrity. Course engagement occurred through self-reflection, quizzes, and a commitment statement. The pilot course was deployed to all nursing faculty and staff for feedback and approval.

Results:
Of the 38 faculty and staff invited, 20 participated in the course. Based on feedback, course adjustments were made to address navigation, quiz clarity, and content. The online integrity course received full faculty approval.

Conclusion:

An interactive online integrity course is one option to support student engagement in and assimilation to a culture of integrity. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(4):237–239.]
The indigenous Afrikaans film: Representation as a nationalistic endeavour
Authors: Van Coller Hendrik P. , Van Jaarsveld Anthea 
Published: April 2018

Within the South African context, Afrikaans films unabashedly and predominantly served Afrikaner nationalism. Given the South African historical and political background, it is evident that Afrikaner nationalism has almost become an obscene term because of its association with the National(ist) Party and its apartheid policy: emblematic of an ideology and policy that has been rejected worldwide and has even been compared – albeit a skewed comparison – to National Socialism. In this article, the different stages that emancipation of a formerly colonised literature goes through, according to Amuta (1989), Ashcroft (1989) and Brink, will be discussed in detail with reference to the Afrikaans films, Geboortegrond (1946) and Hans die skipper (1952). In this process of representation, the historical past is re-assessed and laid to rest with far-reaching philosophical, ideological and poetical implications. In order to discuss the representation of this contextually bound discourse, mention will be made regarding important relevant theoretical concepts such as semiotics, discursive formations, literary reception and processing, reportorium, horizon of expectation and habitus.
Caracterización de ruido radioeléctrico en UHF 406 - 410 MHZ
Authors: Galo Antonino 
Published: April 2018

Este documento presenta los resultados del estudio denominado “Caracterización de Ruido Radioeléctrico en UHF 406 - 410 MHZ”, siendo este estudio de primordial importancia en las etapas previas a la implementación de un Radiotelescopio. En nuestro país no se ha realizado ningún estudio de este tipo, en ninguna frecuencia o rango de frecuencias destinadas para el Servicio de Radioastronomía, servicio que fue definido conjuntamente por la Unión Internacional de Astronomía y la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (IAU e ITU –siglas en inglés, respectivamente). Como objetivo principal del estudio, se determinaron las condiciones radioeléctricas que prevalecen en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, específicamente en el Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), o dicho de otra manera, el ambiente radioeléctrico al que estará expuesta cualquier señal de alguna fuente celeste, emitida en frecuencia 406 - 410 MHZ. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante técnicas de monitoreo establecidas en el “Handbook Spectrum Monitoring”, publicado por ITU en el año 2011 y se utilizaron equipos certificados por ITU, para estudios radioeléctricos. El estudio demuestra que la ubicación del Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), presenta un nivel o Piso de Ruido muy elevado, por sobre la Sensibilidad del equipo utilizado, no obstante, señales de fuentes como el Sol y la Vía Láctea, son factibles de ser recibidas y procesadas con las correcciones requeridas.
Het tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg: wegen de voordelen tegen de nadelen op?
Authors: Friele R.D. , Bouwman R. , Laarman B. , de Veer A.J.E. 
Published: April 2018

Het tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg: wegen de voordelen tegen de nadelen op?
In dit artikel doen de auteurs verslag van een onderzoek waarin zij dieper zijn ingegaan op de effecten van het tuchtrecht in de gezondheidszorg op de betrokken zorgverleners en naar het belang dat burgers hechten aan het openbaar maken van de opgelegde maatregel. Dit onderzoek roept de vraag op of de vermeende voordelen van het tuchtrecht wel opwegen tegen de nadelen en hoe die balans gunstig kan worden beïnvloed.
Um pouco mais sobre as imagens visuais na educação e na cultura visual contemporâneas
Authors: Victorio Filho Aldo , Pinto Maria Lia Gauterio Conde 
Published: April 2018

Este artigo foi concebido para ser mais uma contribuição à atualização e fortalecimento da reflexão sobre a imagem visual na contemporaneidade no âmbito do ensino das Artes Visuais na Educação básica. Ou seja, seus principais significados e seus mais destacados aproveitamentos e riscos à formação escolar. O esforço aqui contido é motivado pela necessidade de avançar na elucidação das relações entre a Arte e o universo imagético, problematização indispensável à aludida reflexão sobre a imagem visual pelo viés da fotografia e o ensino das Artes Visuais no fluxo contemporâneo da Cultura Visual.
Escherichia coli Bacteria Develop Adaptive Resistance to Antibacterial ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Renyun , Carlsson Fredrik , Edman Mattias , Hummelgård Magnus , Jonsson Bengt‐Gunnar , Bylund Dan , Olin Håkan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntibacterial agents based on nanoparticles (NPs) have many important applications, e.g., for the textile industry, surface disinfection, wound dressing, water treatment, and food preservation. Because of their prevalent use it is important to understand whether bacteria could develop resistance to such antibacterial NPs similarly to the resistance that bacteria are known to develop to antibiotics. Here, it is reported that Escherichia coli (E. coli) develops adaptive resistance to antibacterial ZnO NPs after several days' exposure to the NPs. But, in contrast to antibiotics‐resistance, the observed resistance to ZnO NPs is not stable—after several days without exposure to the NPs, the bacteria regain their sensitivity to the NPs' antibacterial properties. Based on the analyses it is suggested that the observed resistance is caused by changes in the shape of the bacteria and the expressions of membrane proteins. The findings provide insights into the response of bacteria to antibacterial NPs, which is important to elucidate for designing and evaluating the risk of applications based on antibacterial NPs.