bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTSD and the influence of context: The self as a social mirror
Authors: Hobfoll Stevan E. , Gaffey Allison E. , Wagner Linzy M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe principal accepted models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are based on both memory processing and biological/brain changes occurring when one's life or well‐being is threatened. It is our thesis that these models would be greatly informed by community studies indicating that PTSD is predicted to a greater extent by earlier life experience and experiences that occur distant from the threatening event. These findings suggest posttraumatic responding is best conceptualized through the lens of the self‐in‐context, as opposed to imprinting that results from a given event at a given time. Moreover, studies of non‐Western populations often do not express trauma as PTSD, or at least not primarily as PTSD, which argues against specific neural or memory encoding processes, but rather for a more plastic neural process that is shaped by experience and how the self develops in its cultural context, as a product of a broad array of experiences. We posit that fear and emotional conditioning as well as the ways traumas are encoded in memory are only partial explanatory mechanisms for trauma responding, and that issues of safety and harm, which are long term and developmental, are the common and principal underpinnings of the occurrence of posttraumatic distress, including PTSD.
The association between school holidays and unintentional fatal drowning among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years
Authors: Peden Amy E , Barnsley Paul D , Queiroga Ana C 
Published: October 2018

AimChildren aged 5–17 years in Australia have one of the lowest unintentional fatal drowning rates. One possible explanation is the protective effect of formal schooling, reducing leisure time for exposure to water hazards. We examine differences in frequency and circumstances of drowning deaths in this age group between school holidays and school days in Australia.MethodsA total population survey (2005–2014) of unintentional fatal drownings was extracted from the (Australian) Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database. Date of drowning incident and state of residence were used to determine if the drowning occurred during school days or school holidays (including public holidays).ResultsA total of 188 5–17 year‐olds drowned during the study period. We found a statistically significant difference between drowning incidence during school holidays and school days, with relative risk (RR) of drowning on a holiday 2.40 times higher (confidence interval (CI): 1.82–3.18) than on a school day. This risk was similar for males (RR = 2.41; CI: 1.75–3.33) and females (RR = 2.38; CI: 1.33–4.27) but differs between children 5–9 years (RR = 3.05; CI: 1.98–4.72) and adolescents 10–17 years of age (RR = 2.02; CI: 1.38–2.93).ConclusionsDrowning rates among 5–17 year‐olds are more than twice as high during holidays than on school days. Impact of school holidays was the strongest among younger children, visitors to the drowning location and in pools and inland waterways. Results were robust to alternative specifications excluding weekends and treating them as holidays. Prevention strategies may include counselling parents and care providers of the increased risk ahead of school holidays, education on drowning risk in the school curriculum and extra holidays for parents and care givers.
Effect of zinc oxide sources and dosages on gut microbiota and integrity of weaned piglets
Authors: Wang Wei , Van Noten Noémie , Degroote Jeroen , Romeo Agathe , Vermeir Pieter , Michiels Joris 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) supplied at pharmacological dosage in diets of weaned piglets improves growth performance. However, it causes environmental contamination and induces bacterial antibiotic resistance, yet this practice is debated. The effects on gut microbiota and integrity in weaned piglets of conventional ZnO at nutritional and pharmacological dosage (110 and 2,400 mg/kg Zn, respectively) were compared to an alternative ZnO source at 110 and 220 mg/kg Zn. Each of the four treatments was applied to four pens (two piglets/pen; weaning age, 20 days) for 15 days, and piglets were sampled on day 15 to determine indices of gut integrity. Feeding conventional ZnO at 2,400 mg/kg Zn reduced coliforms and Escherichia coli in distal small intestine as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg (−1.7 and −1.4 log10 cfu/g, respectively), whereas the alternative ZnO reduced only coliforms, irrespective of dosage (−1.6 to −1.7 log10 cfu/g). Transepithelial electrical resistance of distal small intestinal mucosa was higher for pigs fed the alternative ZnO source as compared with groups fed 110 mg/kg Zn of conventional ZnO, in line with a trend for higher gene expression of claudin‐1 and zona occludens‐1. Interestingly, the alternative ZnO source at 110 and 220 mg/kg Zn increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene transcript as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg Zn, whereas the alternative ZnO source at 110 mg/kg Zn exhibited higher Zn concentrations in mucosa (2,520 μg/g) as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg Zn (1,211 μg/g). However, assessing alkaline phosphatase activity, no significant effects were found. In conclusion, the alternative ZnO reduced digesta Enterobacteriaceae numbers and improved gut integrity, albeit similar or better, depending on the dosage, to the effects of pharmacological dosage of conventional ZnO.
Comparative ecophysiology of Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta (DINOPHYCEAE, DINOPHYSIALES): effect of light intensity and quality on growth, cellular toxin content, and photosynthesis
Authors: García‐Portela María , Riobó Pilar , Reguera Beatriz , Garrido José Luis , Blanco Juan , Rodríguez Francisco 
Published: October 2018

Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most persistent producers of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Western Europe. Their mixotrophic nutrition requires a food chain of cryptophytes and plastid‐bearing ciliates for sustained growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cultures of D. acuminata and D. acuta, their ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum and the cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia, were subject to three experimental settings to study their physiological response to different combinations of light intensity and quality. Growth rates, pigment analyses (HPLC), photosynthetic parameters (PAM‐fluorometry), and cellular toxin content (LC‐MS) were determined. Specific differences in photosynthetic parameters were observed in Dinophysis exposed to different photon fluxes (10–650 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1), light quality (white, blue and green), and shifts in light regime. Dinophysis acuta was more susceptible to photodamage under high light intensities (370–650 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1) than D. acuminata but survived better with low light (10 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1) and to a prolonged period (28 d) of darkness. Mesodinium rubrum and T. amphioxeia showed their maximal growth rate and yield under white and high light whereas Dinophysis seemed better adapted to grow under green and blue light. Toxin analyses in Dinophysis showed maximal toxin per cell under high light after prey depletion at the late exponential‐plateau phase. Changes observed in photosynthetic light curves of D. acuminata cultures after shifting light conditions from low intensity‐blue light to high intensity‐white light seemed compatible with photoacclimation in this species. Results obtained here are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal distributions observed in field populations of D. acuminata and D. acuta in northwestern Iberia.
Whither the archipelago? Stops, starts, and hurdles on the four nations front
Authors: Coolahan Marie‐Louise 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article assesses the impact of “the new British,” or “three kingdoms,” “four nations,” “archipelagic” history, and literary criticism. First advocated in the 1970s by J.G.A. Pocock, and co‐opted by historians and scholars of early modern literature as a means to frame and address the interactions of the four nations of Britain, the take‐up on the ground has been fitful. Richard Bourke has recently argued that Pocock's original call was misunderstood by intellectual historians. This article outlines the principles and practices of archipelagic criticism, most particularly as evident in scholarship published in the past 20 years. It evaluates the advantages and shortcomings of criticism that has embraced recovery research, reassessment of canonical English authors, and the widening of geographical parameters. It concludes with a consideration of future directions and the ways in which debates surrounding Brexit are likely to impact on the field, proposing some ways forward.
The enactment of literacy curriculum policy by early childhood teachers in two Australian schools
Authors: Bromley Tamara , Oakley Grace , Vidovich Lesley 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the early 2000s, literacy education has become an area of intense focus in Australian education policy, positioned to have a role in Australia's pursuit of enhanced international competitiveness in the “global knowledge economy”. Policy called for improvements in literacy outcomes, monitored by mandated annual assessments, and policy statements recognised the need to establish solid literacy foundations in early childhood to facilitate learning, and desired improvements, in later years. This article is derived from a larger study that investigated the production and enactment of literacy curriculum policy by early childhood teachers in Australian schools. It focuses on the school level within the State of Western Australia, presenting findings derived from thematic and critical discourse analysis of participant interview and documentary data collected in two case‐study schools. Comparative analysis revealed that literacy curriculum policy processes in both case‐study schools were focused on achieving improved test results in mandated testing regimes. This was impacting upon literacy curriculum in the early childhood years of schooling, in Australia deemed to involve children up to 8 years of age, in many, possibly adverse, ways. These findings may offer insights in other contexts about literacy curriculum policy processes that are focused on enhancing competitive positioning.
Complement in glomerular diseases
Authors: Tan Ying , Zhao Ming‐Hui 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTComplement activation has been identified to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of many glomerulonephritis, either as direct complement activation‐driven factor in thrombotic microangiopathy and C3 glomerulopathy, and/or as an important contributor in lupus nephritis and anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis. Recent studies indicated that complement activation may also play roles in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Interestingly, monoclonal immunoglobulins/light chains from patients with monoclonal gammopathy may interfere with complement activation and thus indirectly result in complement‐mediated glomerulonephritis. Understanding of the pathogenic roles of complement activation in various glomerulonephritis will facilitate the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets in complement system.
Epigenetic targeting for acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhuang Shougang 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn recent years, epigenetics has emerged as important mechanisms for the regulation of pathogenesis in many diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Numerous studies have demonstrated that AKI is associated with the changes in epigenetics, including histone modifications, DNA methylation and the expression of various non‐coding RNAs. Through utilizing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, studies have demonstrated that increase of histone acetylation either protects kidney from injury or potentiates this process, depending on which HDAC (s) isform is suppressed, whereas inhibition of histone methyltransferase, generally provides a protective effect in AKI. Although AKI is also associated with changes in DNA methylation, the role of DNA methylation in kidney injury remains unclear. In this article, we discuss the role and mechanism of histone acetylation and methylation in the pathogenesis of AKI.
Leaf litter decay rates differ between mycorrhizal groups in temperate, but not tropical, forests
Authors: Keller Adrienne B. , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWhereas the primary controls on litter decomposition are well established, we lack a framework for predicting interspecific differences in litter decay within and across ecosystems. Given previous research linking tree mycorrhizal association with carbon and nutrient dynamics, we hypothesized that the two dominant mycorrhizal groups in forests – arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi – differ in litter decomposition rates.We compiled leaf litter chemistry and decay data forAM‐ andECM‐associating angiosperms and gymnosperms (> 200 species) from temperate and tropical/subtropical, and investigated relationships among decay rates, mycorrhizal association, phylogeny and climate.In temperate forests,AMlitters decayed faster thanECMlitters, with litter nitrogen and phylogeny best explaining variation in litter decay. In sub/tropical forests, we found no significant difference in litter decay rate between mycorrhizal groups, and variation in decay rates was best explained by litter phosphorus.Our results suggest that knowledge of tree mycorrhizal association may improve predictions of species effects on ecosystem processes, particularly in temperate forests whereAMandECMspecies commonly co‐occur, providing a predictive framework for linking litter quality, organic matter dynamics and nutrient acquisition in forests.
Retrograde signalling as an informant of circadian timing
Authors: Jones Matthew A. 
Published: October 2018

Contents

Summary
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The circadian system is responsive to environmental change
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Photoassimilates regulate circadian timing
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Retrograde signals contribute to circadian timing
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Conclusions
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Acknowledgements
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References
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SummaryThe circadian system comprises interlocking transcriptional–translational feedback loops that regulate gene expression and consequently modulate plant development and physiology. In order to maximize utility, the circadian system is entrained by changes in temperature and light, allowing endogenous rhythms to be synchronized with both daily and seasonal environmental change. Although a great deal of environmental information is decoded by a suite of photoreceptors, it is also becoming apparent that changes in cellular metabolism also contribute to circadian timing, through either the stimulation of metabolic pathways or the accumulation of metabolic intermediates as a consequence of environmental stress. As the source of many of these metabolic byproducts, mitochondria and chloroplasts have begun to be viewed as environmental sensors, and rapid advancement of this field is revealing the complex web of signalling pathways initiated by organelle perturbation. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how this metabolic regulation influences circadian timing.
Facilitation from an intraspecific perspective – stress tolerance determines facilitative effect and response in plants
Authors: Zhang Ruichang , Tielbörger Katja 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Plant–plant interactions are reciprocal and include effects on and response to neighbours. Distinct traits confer competitive effect and response ability, but how specific traits determine effect and response in facilitative interactions has not been studied experimentally.

We utilized the model species Arabidopsis thaliana to test for trait dependence of facilitative interactions. Salt‐sensitive (sos) mutants or salt‐tolerant wild‐types were exposed to an experimental salinity gradient with and without intraspecific neighbours and the intensity of plant–plant interactions was measured for three performance variables. We tested whether salt tolerance can predict facilitative effect and response and whether a tradeoff exists between competitive ability and tolerance to stress.

Interactions shifted very clearly from negative to positive with increasing stress. Salt‐sensitive genotypes were less negatively affected by competition but more dependent on facilitation than were wild‐types, indicating a tradeoff between competitive ability and stress tolerance. Surprisingly, sensitive genotypes imposed stronger facilitative effects, despite being much smaller under stress, probably because they retrieved more salt from the soil.

Stress tolerance defined facilitative effect and response via distinct mechanisms. We advocate more controlled experiments with model species to advance our understanding of the trait dependence of biotic interactions and their consequences for community organization.
A longitudinal study of hymenoptera stings in preschool children
Authors: Clifford Danielle , Ni Chaoimh Carol , Stanley Eve , O’B Hourihane Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundInsect venom is the second most common cause of anaphylaxis outside of medical encounters. Stings cause over 20% of all anaphylactic deaths and 7% of anaphylaxis in children. To date, there have been no longitudinal studies of insect sting events or allergy in preschool children.MethodsA prospective longitudinal nested observational study in the BASELINE Birth Cohort Study (n = 2137). Sting‐related questions were asked at 6 and 12 months and 2 and 5 years. Skin prick testing (SPT) was performed at 2 and 5 years. SpIgE testing was performed on selected cases at 2 years.ResultsSeventy‐seven children (6.8%) were stung by the age of 2. Of these, 25 (32.5%) reported adverse reactions (four systemic). Eleven (0.9%) had positive SPT at 2 years (eight bee, two wasp, one both). Four stung children had positive SPT. Two (one stung, one never stung) had positive spIgE to a venom component at 2 years. A total of 268 children (21.9%) were stung by 5 years, 144 (52.1%) reporting local reactions and none systemic. Four children (0.4%) had positive SPT at 5 years: one bee and three wasp. Of the 11 SPT‐positive children at 2 years, none were still positive at 5 years.ConclusionThis is the first longitudinal study of the natural history of hymenoptera stings and allergy in preschool children. Hymenoptera venom allergy is less common in this cohort than in adults. Systemic reactions were not medically documented in this population, in keeping with previous literature. This study confirms the poor correlation of IgE sensitization to venom with sting allergy and does not support the common parental request to screen children for sting allergy.
Defence‐related priming and responses to recurring drought: Two manifestations of plant transcriptional memory mediated by the ABA and JA signalling pathways
Authors: Avramova Zoya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCollective evidence from agricultural practices and from scientific research has demonstrated that plants can alter their phenotypic responses to repeated biotic and abiotic stresses or their elicitors. A coordinated reaction at the organismal, cellular, and genome levels has suggested that plants can “remember” an earlier stress and modify their future responses, accordingly. Stress memory may increase a plant's survival chances by improving its tolerance/avoidance abilities and may provide a mechanism for acclimation and adaptation. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate plant stress memory is not only an intellectually challenging topic but has important implications for agricultural practices as well. Here, I focus exclusively on specific aspects of the transcription memory in response to recurring dehydration stresses and the memory‐type responses to insect damage in a process known as “priming.” The questions discussed are (a) whether/how the two memory phenomena are connected at the level of transcriptional regulation; (b) how differential transcription is achieved mechanistically under a repeated stress; and (c) whether similar molecular and/or epigenetic mechanisms are involved. Possible biological relevance of transcriptional stress memory and its preservation in plant evolution are also discussed.
Epidermal barrier function in healthy black South African infants compared with adults
Authors: Baumrin Emily , Mukansi Muhanyisi M. , Sibisi Cebi , Mosam Anisa , Stamatas Georgios N. , Dlova Ncoza C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA cross‐sectional observational study of 43 infants and 60 adult women was performed in South Africa to assess skin barrier (SB) function through noninvasive quantification of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface hydration (SSH). TEWL and SSH improved with age and in anatomic locations with chronic environmental exposure in keeping with reported trends in other ethnicities.
Noise concerns of residents living in close proximity to hydraulic fracturing sites in Southwest Pennsylvania
Authors: Richburg Cynthia M. , Slagley Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveNoise associated with nontraditional gas industry (NTGI) sites (e.g., hydraulic fracturing well pads, compressor stations, processing plants) may create disturbances and anxiety in rural populations. This study evaluated levels of concern among residents of Southwestern Pennsylvania residing near NTGI sites.DesignNoise measurements were collected inside and outside residences, and surveys were administered to residents.ResultsDaytime instantaneous sound levels ranged between 45.0 and 61.0 dBA. Dosimeter studies recorded day–night levels (Ldn) of 53.5–69.4 dBA outside and 37.5–50.1 dBA inside, exceeding United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Respondents indicated the NTGI noise disturbed their sleep, and the majority of respondents (96%) reported being worried about their overall health as a result of the noise.ConclusionsHealth care professionals serving rural areas impacted by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) should be aware of potential noise stressors on the populations they serve.
Development of a comprehensive infection control program for a short‐term shelter serving trafficked women
Authors: Jones Erin , Loomis Mallory , Mealey Shalise , Newman Meagan , Schroder Holly , Smith Ashlynn , Wickline Mihkaila 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA shelter for trafficked women has unique infection control needs that require a comprehensive infection control plan, balancing the needs of infection prevention with respect for the vulnerable population served. Using a trauma‐informed model and evidence from infection control in other shelter settings, a group of senior baccalaureate students developed a program in a short‐term shelter for commercially sexually exploited individuals that included a written infection control manual, policies and procedures, and staff training. This partnership between academia and a nonprofit agency was an experiential service learning project in the domain of public health nursing, allowing students the opportunity to apply evidence toward a sustainable intervention for the agency.