bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young ischaemic stroke incidence and demographic characteristics – The Norwegian stroke in the young study – A three-generation research program
Authors: Nawaz Beenish , Eide Geir E , Fromm Annette , Øygarden Halvor , Sand Kristin M , Thomassen Lars , Næss Halvor , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study (NOR-SYS) is a three-generation research program of young ischaemic stroke. In this study, we assessed ischaemic stroke incidence, education and work status among young stroke patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the participation of family members for future validated information on hereditary cardiovascular events. Patients and methods Patients aged 15–60 years with radiologically verified acute ischaemic stroke, admitted to Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway from 2010 to 2015, were included. Patients’ partners, common offspring ≥ 18 years and biological parents of patients and partners were invited to participate. Ischaemic stroke incidence was analysed with respect to year, age and sex using multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 385 patients, 260 partners (80.0%) and 414 offspring (74.6%) were clinically examined. The mean annual ischaemic stroke incidence rate was 30.2 per 100,000. Incidence was higher in men, and the difference was accentuated with increasing age (p = 0.008). There was no sex difference in educational status (p = 0.104) in contrast to work status (p < 0.001) for patients. In all, 84.1% of men worked, and of these, 80.3% are fulltime. In all, 74.4% of women worked, and of these, 52.9% are fulltime. Parents participated by returning a questionnaire. For patients, 91 fathers (55.2%) and 142 mothers (57.3%) participated. For partners, 48 fathers (38.4%) and 68 mothers (40.2%) participated. Conclusion The mean annual incidence rate of young stroke was 30.2 per 100,000, and the incidence rate was higher in men. Work status was high among both sexes. Active participation rates were high for patients, partners and offspring.
Compression suits with and without films and their effects on EMG during isokinetic exercise
Authors: Choi Jiyoung , Hong Kyunghi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the differences in the EMG of thigh among film-welded compression suits (WCS), film-free compression suit (CS) and a loose sportswear during knee joint exercise. To differentiate the effect of clothing variable accurately, two types of compression suits were made elaborately using the same material and 3D pattern. Difference in two compression suits is only whether film was welded or not. EMG was observed during isokinetic exercise of flexion and extension, comprising four sets of maximum contraction of thigh at the angular velocity of 60, 180 and 240°/s using Cybex 660. When the WCS was worn, the mean muscle activities of the anterior thigh was generally higher during extension, especially in the left rectus femoris (RF) and right vastus oblique medialis (VMO) throughout the exercise. Wearing WCS enhanced mean muscle activities and decreased muscle fatigue of VL and VMO at each angular velocity, however, it did not support the mean muscle activity nor the fatigue of the hamstrings in almost all conditions of exercise. Muscle-specific EMG implies that film-welded compression suit designed in this study is beneficial to VMO, inducing high muscle activity with less fatigue during knee extension.
Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism With rhPTH(1-84): A Prospective, 8-Year Investigation of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Tay Yu-Kwang Donovan , Tabacco Gaia , Cusano Natalie E , Williams John , Omeragic Beatriz , Majeed Rukshana , Gomez Almonte Maximo , Bilezikian John P , Rubin Mishaela R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism is associated with decreased renal function and increased bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective
To evaluate the effects of 8 years of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)] therapy on key biochemical and densitometric indices.

Design
Prospective open-label trial.

Setting
Tertiary medical center.

Participants
Twenty-four subjects with hypoparathyroidism.

Intervention
Treatment with rhPTH(1-84) for 8 years.

Main Outcome Measures
Supplemental calcium and vitamin D requirements, serum calcium and phosphorus levels, calcium-phosphate product, urinary calcium excretion, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and BMD.

Results
PTH therapy was associated with progressive reduction in supplemental calcium (57%; P < 0.01) and active vitamin D (76%; P < 0.001) requirements over 8 years. Serum calcium concentration was stable; urinary calcium excretion declined 38% (P < 0.01). eGFR remained stable and was related to baseline eGFR and serum calcium levels. Calcium-phosphate product was below the recommended limit; serum phosphorus remained within normal range. Lumbar spine and total hip BMD increased, peaking at 4 (mean ± SE, 4.6% ± 1.5%; P = 0.01) and 8 years (2.6% ± 1.1%; P = 0.02), whereas femoral neck BMD did not change and one-third radius BMD decreased (mean ± SE, −3.5% ± 1.1%; P = 0.001). BMD at all sites was higher throughout the 8 years than in the age- and sex-matched reference population. Hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia were uncommon.

Conclusion
rhPTH(1-84) is a safe and effective treatment for hypoparathyroidism for 8 years. Long-term reductions in supplemental requirements and biochemical improvements with stable renal function are maintained.
Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism: What Can We Learn From Discordant Twins?
Authors: Medda Emanuela , Vigone Maria Cristina , Cassio Alessandra , Calaciura Francesca , Costa Pietro , Weber Giovanna , de Filippis Tiziana , Gelmini Giulia , Di Frenna Marianna , Caiulo Silvana , Ortolano Rita , Rotondi Daniela , Bartolucci Monica , Gelsomino Rossella , De Angelis Simona , Gabbianelli Marco , Persani Luca , Olivieri Antonella 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextNewborn screening program for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) adopting rescreening in at-risk neonates.ObjectivesTo estimate the concordance rate for CH in twin pairs discordant at the first screening; to verify whether long-term follow-up of healthy cotwins belonging to CH discordant pairs may be useful to diagnose thyroid hypofunction during development; to evaluate the importance of genetic and environmental influences on liability to permanent and transient CH.Design and PatientsForty-seven screening discordant twin pairs were investigated. Proband was defined as the twin in the pair with a positive test at the first screening and a confirmed diagnosis of CH.ResultsSeven screening discordant twin pairs became concordant for CH within the first month of life (pairwise concordance of 14.9%) because seven screening negative cotwins showed high TSH values when retested. During long-term follow-up (range, 3 to 21 years), hypothyroidism was diagnosed in two monozygotic screening negative cotwins at the age of 9 months and 12 years, respectively. Furthermore, the twin analysis showed that 95% of liability to transient CH was explained by genetic factors and 5% by environmental (unshared) factors, whereas 64% of phenotypic variance of permanent CH was explained by common environmental factors (shared during the fetal life) and 36% by unshared environmental factors.ConclusionsThis study showed that the introduction of rescreening permits the diagnosis of CH in a greater number of twins. It also showed the importance of long-term follow-up in both twins in the pair, and the role of nongenetic factors in the etiology of permanent CH.
Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: Exploring Causality Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Melhus Håkan , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Elevated circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether the association is causal is unknown.

Objective
We used the Mendelian randomization design to test whether genetically increased serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) concentrations are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Design, Setting, and Participants
Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with S-PTH concentrations were used as instrumental variables to estimate the association of genetically higher S-PTH concentrations with CAD. Summary statistics data for CAD were obtained from a genetic consortium with data from 184,305 individuals (60,801 CAD cases and 123,504 noncases).

Main Outcome Measure
OR of CAD per genetically predicted one SD increase of S-PTH concentrations.

Results
Genetically higher S-PTH concentration was not associated with CAD as a whole or myocardial infarction specifically (∼70% of total cases). The ORs per genetically predicted one SD increase in S-PTH concentration were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.93 to 1.09; P = 0.88) for CAD and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.94 to 1.10; P = 0.64) for myocardial infarction. The lack of association remained in various sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
Genetic predisposition to higher S-PTH concentrations does not appear to be an independent risk factor for CAD.
Archival Epistemology: Honor, Sodomy, and Indians in Eighteenth-Century New Mexico
Authors: Hagler Anderson 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes three eighteenth-century sodomy cases in New Mexico to highlight the ways in which colonial authorities passed judgment on their subjects and the landscapes that they inhabited. Examining how ethnocentric outlooks shaped the ways in which Spanish colonizers interlinked sin and physical space illuminates the process by which colonial authorities made biased value judgments, deeming native peoples and indigenous spaces as sinful. The first case (1728) examines the denunciation and subsequent exoneration of a Spanish resident accused of sodomy. The second case (1731) highlights the tensions between spaces regarded as civilized and other areas removed from the purview of the Spanish state that colonizers viewed as morally suspect. The third case (1775) reveals how colonial authorities attempted to normalize local denizens’ sexual comportment in locations deemed asexual. By analyzing gender and sexuality alongside the environment, this essay problematizes descriptions of seemingly natural landscapes and elucidates the cultural construction behind pejorative tropes used to justify conquest.
Photoacoustic imaging as a tool to probe the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Brown Emma , Brunker Joanna , Bohndiek Sarah E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal.
How Stress Affects Performance and Competitiveness Across Gender
Authors: Cahlíková Jana , Cingl Lubomír , Levely Ian 
Published: July 2019

Because many key career events, such as examinations and interviews, involve competition and stress, gender differences in response to these factors could help to explain the labor market gender gap. In a laboratory experiment, we manipulate psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test and confirm that this is effective by measuring salivary cortisol level and heart rate. Subjects perform in a real-effort task under both tournament and piece-rate incentives, and we elicit willingness to compete. We find that women under heightened stress perform worse than women in the control group when compensated with tournament incentives, whereas there is no treatment difference under piece-rate incentives. For men, stress does not affect output under competition or under piece rate. The gender gap in willingness to compete is not affected by stress, but stress decreases competitiveness overall, which is related to performance for women. Our results could explain gender differences in performance under competition, with implications for hiring practices and incentive structures in firms. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM KONTRAK BISNIS INTERNASIONAL YANG DIBUAT DALAM BAHASA ASING
Authors: Pertiwi Chintya Indah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract Article 31 in Law no. 24 of 2009 requires the use of the Indonesian language in any agreement involving Indonesian and foreign parties in the contracts made. Judicial practice, there is a difference judge consideration related to the obligation of using the Indonesian language. The existence of these two different judgments creates legal uncertainty. The approach used in this research is normative juridical. The result of research that there is no definite understanding what is causa or cause in contract. The legal implications of contracts made in foreign languages are null and void. The existence of differences in the judgment of judges' considerations, causes legal uncertainty. Lawmakers should be more careful in formulating the Article and test its consequences. In addition, Law Number 24 Year 2009 needs to be revised, especially regarding sanctions if violated Article 31 Abstrak Pasal 31 dalam Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2009 mewajibkan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam setiap perjanjian yang melibatkan pihak Indonesia dan pihak asing dalam kontrak yang dibuat. Praktik peradilan, terjadi perbedaan pertimbangan hakim terkait kewajiban penggunaan bahasa Indonesia. Adanya dua putusan hakim yang berbeda ini menimbulkan ketidak pastian hukum. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian bahwa belum ada pengertian pasti apa itu causa atau sebab dalam kontrak. Implikasi hukum kontrak yang dibuat dalam bahasa asing adalah batal demi hukum Adanya perbedaan pertimbangan putusan hakim, menyebabkan adanya ketidak pastian hukum hukum.Pembuat undang-undang seharusnya lebih cermat dalam memformulasikan Pasal dan melakukan uji konsekuensi terhadapnya.Selain itu, Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 perlu direvisi khususnya mengenai sanksi jika dilanggarnya Pasal 31.
Quantitative Evaluation in Estimating Sources Underlying Brain Oscillations Using Current Source Density Methods and Beamformer Approaches
Authors: Halder Tamesh , Talwar Siddharth , Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrain oscillations from EEG and MEG shed light on neurophysiological mechanisms of human behavior. However, to extract information on cortical processing, researchers have to rely on source localization methods that can be very broadly classified into current density estimates such as exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), minimum norm estimates (MNE), and beamformers such as dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV). These algorithms produce a distributed map of brain activity underlying sustained and transient responses during neuroimaging studies of behavior. On the other hand, there are very few comparative analyses that evaluates the “ground truth detection” capabilities of these methods. The current article evaluates the reliability in estimation of sources of spectral event generators in the cortex using a two-pronged approach. First, simulated EEG data with point dipoles and distributed dipoles are used to validate the accuracy and sensitivity of each one of these methods of source localization. The abilities of the techniques were tested by comparing the localization error, focal width, false positive (FP) ratios while detecting already known location of neural activity generators under varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Second, empirical EEG data during auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) in human participants were used to compare the distributed nature of source localization. All methods were successful in recovery of point sources in favorable signal to noise scenarios and could achieve high hit rates if FPs are ignored. Interestingly, focal activation map is generated by LCMV and DICS when compared to eLORETA while control of FPs is much superior in eLORETA. Subsequently drawbacks and strengths of each method are highlighted with a detailed discussion on how to choose a technique based on empirical requirements.
Point-of-care echocardiographic screening for left-sided valve heart disease: high yield and affordable cost in an elderly cohort recruited in primary practice
Authors: Williams Catrin , Mateescu Anca , Rees Emma , Truman Kirstie , Elliott Claire , Bahlay Bohdana , Wallis Ailsa , Ionescu Adrian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background Data about the epidemiology of valvular heart disease (VHD) in the elderly is scarce. Hand-held ultrasound devices (HUDs) enable point-of-care ultrasound scanning (POCUS) but their use in an elderly population has not been reported for VHD screening in primary practice.

Methods One hundred consecutive subjects aged >70 years without a VHD diagnosis had 2D and colour Doppler POCUS by an accredited sonographer, using a contemporary HUD (Vscan), in a primary practice setting. Patients with left-sided valve pathology identified by Vscan were referred for formal echo in the local tertiary cardiac centre.

Results Mean age (s.d.) was 79.08 (3.74) years (72–92 years); 61 female. By Vscan, we found five patients with ≥moderate aortic stenosis (AS), eight with ≥moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) and none with ≥moderate aortic regurgitation. In the AS and MR groups each, one patient had valve intervention following from the initial diagnosis by Vscan, two and one respectively are under follow-up in the valve clinic, while two and four respectively refused TTE or follow-up. Two patients with moderate MR by Vscan had mild and mild/moderate MR respectively by TTE and were discharged. Total cost for scanning 100 patients was $18,201–i.e. $182/patient.

Conclusions Screening with a hand-held scanner (Vscan), we identified 5/100 elderly subjects who needed valve replacement or follow-up in valve clinic, at a cost of $182/patient. These findings have potential significance for the allocation of resources in the context of an ageing population.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Reference Ranges for Preterm Infants
Authors: Kaluarachchi Dinushan C. , Allen David B. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Dawe Sandra J. , Baker Mei W. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Many newborn screening (NBS) programs now perform repeat or serial NBS to detect congenital hypothyroidism. There is wide variation in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cutoffs used by NBS programs. Data on TSH reference ranges in preterm infants at increasing postnatal age are limited. Our study objective was to determine TSH reference ranges for preterm infants born at &lt;32 weeks’ gestation.

METHODS:
We analyzed serial TSH levels on NBS performed on infants born between 22 and 31 weeks’ gestation from 2012 to 2016 in Wisconsin. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups (22–27 and 28–31 weeks), and TSH percentiles were defined from birth to the term equivalent gestational age.

RESULTS:
The study cohort consisted of 1022 and 2115 infants born at 22 to 27 and 28 to 31 weeks’ gestation, respectively. The 95th percentile TSH level for the group born at 22 to 27 weeks’ gestation gradually decreased and reached a nadir at ∼10 to 11 weeks. In contrast, for the group born at 28 to 31 weeks’ gestation, the 95th percentile TSH level reached a nadir at ∼5 to 6 weeks. At 3 to 4 weeks after birth, the 95th percentile TSH level ranged from 11 to 11.8 μIU/mL for the group born at 22 to 27 weeks’ gestation and ranged from 8.2 to 9 μIU/mL for the group born at 28 to 31 weeks’ gestation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using a statewide cohort of preterm infants, we constructed TSH reference charts from birth to the term equivalent gestation for preterm infants born at &lt;32 weeks’ gestation. Use of a single cutoff for all preterm infants might lead to misdiagnosis. The differences in TSH levels according to gestational-age categories might explain the increased frequency in congenital hypothyroidism diagnoses among preterm infants. These data are useful for defining age-adjusted NBS TSH cutoffs for preterm infants.
HERÓIS E GIGANTES EM ESPAÇOS ÉPICOS
Authors: Schell Denis 
Published: July 2019

O texto trata de episódios do poema grego Odisséia, de Homero, (segunda metade do séc. VII a. C.) e do poema sumério Gilgamesh (anônimo, do terceiro milênio a. C.). Ulisses, na volta de Tróia para Ítaca, encontra-se com Polifemo; Gilgamesh e Enkidu vão ao encontro de Humbaba, monstro da floresta de Cedros. Uma visão dos monstros no imaginário grego e mesopotâmico, concepções de deuses, do homem, da morte, nos dois mundos, como indagações e considerações sobre natureza, cultura e linguagem perpassam o texto crítico.
IDENTIDADE, DIFERENÇA E COERÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES CRÍTICAS SOBRE A METALÓGICA DE CIRNE-LIMA
Authors: Imaguire Guido 
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo analiso criticamente a metalógica proposta por Cime-Lima com seus três princípios fundamentais: Identidade, Diferença e Coerência. Estes são considerados universalíssimos, pois precisam ser aplicados absolutamente tudo, inclusive a si mesmos.Disso surge a antinomia que legitima uma passagem dialética para a Filosofia da Natureza.Mostrarei: (1) que a fundamentação do princípio de Diferença é falaciosa, e (2) que esta metalógica gera artificialmente antinomias por meio de um uso inadequado da noção de auto-aplicação.
Resenha - GUTTMANN, Julius. 4 Filosofia do Judaismo — A História da Filosofia Ju- daica desde os Tempos Bíblicos até Franz Rosenzweig, São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2003.
Authors: De Souza Ricardo Timm 
Published: July 2019

Rsenha da obra: GUTTMANN, Julius. 4 Filosofia do Judaismo — A História da Filosofia Judaica desde os Tempos Bíblicos até Franz Rosenzweig, São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2003, 480 p., Trad. de J. Guinsburg, Apresentação do Tradutor e Prefácio à edição Brasileira de Roberto Romano, Posfácio de Fritz Bamberger, ISBN 852730530-5.
MACIEL, Sonia Maria. Ética e Felicidade - Um Estudo do Filebo de Platão. Porto Alegre> Edipucrs, 2002.
Authors: Fellini Juliano 
Published: July 2019

Resenha da obra: MACIEL, Sonia Maria. Ética e Felicidade - Um Estudo do Filebo de Platão. Porto Alegre> Edipucrs, 2002.