bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic, sedimentary and diagenetic controls on sediment maturity of lower Cambrian quartz arenite from southwestern Baltica
Authors: Lorentzen Sanne , Augustsson Carita , Jahren Jens , Nystuen Johan P. , Schovsbo Niels H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLower Cambrian quartz arenitic deposits have a worldwide occurrence. In this study, petrographic and mineralogical analyses were carried out on samples from the quartz‐rich Ringsaker Member of the Vangsås Formation from southern Norway and the corresponding Hardeberga Formation from southern Sweden and on the Danish island of Bornholm. The quartz arenite is almost completely quartz cemented and has an average intergranular volume of 30%. The quartz cement is the dominating cause for porosity loss. Dissolution along stylolites and microstylolites is suggested to be the primary and secondary source for the quartz cement respectively. The quartzose sandstone from southern Norway was severely cemented prior to the Caledonian Orogeny, thus limiting the tectonic influence on diagenesis during thrusting. For most samples, authigenic clay minerals and detrital phyllosilicates represent ca. 5% of the present‐day composition. This, together with a low feldspar content, of on average 4%, indicates that the sediment was extremely quartz‐rich already during deposition. The low amount of feldspar prior to burial and the formation of early diagenetic kaolinite point to weathering, sediment reworking and early diagenesis act as important controls on sediment maturity. The large variation in clay‐mineral and feldspar content between the localities, as well as within the sandstone successions, can be explained by different palaeogeography on the shelf during deposition and subsequently dissimilar subjection to reworking and early diagenetic processes. Weathering in the provenance area, reworking in the depositional shallow‐marine environment and meteoric flushing during the burial stage are suggested to explain the high mineralogical maturity of the lower Cambrian sandstone from southwestern Baltica. These processes may generally account for similar quartz‐rich shallow‐marine sandstone units, deposited as a result of intensive continental denudation and during temperate to subtropical and moderately humid conditions.
Design and optimize N‐substituted EF24 as effective and low toxicity NF‐κB inhibitor for lung cancer therapy via apoptosis‐to‐pyroptosis switch
Authors: Chen Liping , Li Qian , Zheng Zhiwei , Xie Jingwen , Lin Xiaoming , Jiang Chengxi , Xu Haineng , Wu Xiaoping , Wu Jianzhang , Zhang Huajie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs NF‐κB signaling pathway is constitutively activated in lung cancer, targeting NF‐κB has a potential for the treatment. EF24 has been proved to be a NF‐κB inhibitor with good antitumor activity, while whose toxicity possibly became one of the obstacles to enter into clinical application. In order to find high efficiency and low toxicity NF‐κB inhibitors, EF24 was modified and 13d was screened out. It was proved that 13d possessed an effective combination of inhibiting NF‐κB pathway and showing lower cytotoxicity on normal cells as well as less toxicity in acute toxicity experiment compared with the lead compound of EF24. In addition, 13d was found to inhibit cell vitality, arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase, promote cell apoptosis, and suppress the xenograft tumor growth. Furthermore, 13d was elucidated to induce pyroptosis developing from apoptosis, which was associated with the inhibition of NF‐κB. Taken together, it was suggested that 13d was a potent antitumor agent.
How does societal reaction to children's health issues contribute to health policy in Europe? Results of a survey
Authors: Zdunek Kinga , Schröder‐Bäck Peter , Alexander Denise , Rigby Michael , Blair Mitch 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the European context the awareness of societal responsibility for children's health has increased with greater attention to children's rights and child empowerment processes. Child health issues are considered particularly sensitive; thus, they often provoke strong societal reactions, which, as a consequence, influence national health policies across Europe. Effectiveness of societal influences increases with the involvement of various actors in the context.MethodsA qualitative approach was used to identify the level of societal involvement in health decision‐making. A questionnaire was sent to the Country Agents (CAs) of the Models of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) project. CAs are contact points in each of the 30 participating in the project countries and were asked to identify strong public and professional discussions related to child health services in their countries. Data collection was undertaken between July and December 2016.ResultsBased on 71 case studies, we identified eight thematic patterns, which characterize societal reactions to the currently worrisome child health issues across Europe. We devoted our attention to the three most controversial: child vaccination, child poverty and child abuse. The cases described by the CAs show the broad perspective in the perception of child health problems. Child health issues involve the public and raise nationwide debates. Public concerns were directly or indirectly related to child health and depicted the national overtone.ConclusionsConcerns in Europe about child health care are twofold: they are devoted to systemic issues (indirect patient orientation) and to child health and well‐being (direct patient orientation). The phenomenon of societal responsibility for children's health is important for the support of public acceptance of child health policy.
Evaluation of children's participation in a national dental programme in France
Authors: Bas Anne Charlotte , Azogui‐Lévy Sylvie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe current national oral health programme for children in France, called the DHE “Dental Health Examination,” began in 2007. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the DHE programme in improving resource allocation to preventive dental services and providing access to dental care, especially for the children who need it most. The main questions were as follows: How many children participate in it? Does it reach the children who need it most? And does it save dental care costs?MethodsThe study examined data for 1937 children aged 6‐16 years. Data came from two data sets: (a) a 2010 French self‐reported survey on health, health care and insurance; and (b) the data set of the National Health Insurance Fund on healthcare consumption, based on reimbursement data to families and payments to providers; this data set contains information on healthcare expenditures. We investigated participation in the DHE programme, the wider use of dental care services and the total amount spent on dental care in 2010, by dental health status and socio‐demographic characteristics. Data analysis used multiple logistic and linear regressions.ResultsChildren in households with higher income were more likely to participate in the DHE programme (OR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.78, 5.36]). Families with higher incomes were more likely to use dental care (OR = 2.23, 95% CI [1.40, 3.55]). Households with private complementary health insurance utilized more children's dental care services than households without it (OR = 2.79, 95% CI [1.04, 7.49]). Families that were aware of the DHE prevention programme were more likely to utilize dental care (OR = 1.77, 95 % CI [1.34, 2.33]) and had lower dental care expenses (coeff. = −142.93, 95% CI [−207.68, −78.18]).ConclusionFinancial barriers remain the major obstacle to dental care utilization in France, even with DHE, a free secondary prevention programme aimed at all French children. Participation in the DHE programme is associated with better access to dental care and with lower costs for both the National Health Insurance Fund and participating households.
Mucosal tolerance therapy in humans: Past and future
Authors: Rezende Rafael M. , Cox Laura M. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMucosal tolerance refers to the physiological process by which exposure of proteins to the mucosal surface preferentially induces tolerance. The route of mucosal administration can determine the type of regulatory T (Treg) cells induced, with the oral route inducing transforming growth factor‐β‐producing Treg cells and the nasal route inducing interleukin‐10‐secreting Treg cells. Previous studies of oral tolerance to autoantigens in humans, including patients with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, led to mixed results and negative phase III trials, although oral immunotherapy for food allergy has met with success. A great deal has been learned since initial trials were carried out, and new approaches to mucosal tolerance are now being planned. For example: (i) successful oral tolerance might involve an understanding of the microbiome, and it appears that abnormalities in the microbiome that occur in autoimmune disease might have a negative impact on oral tolerance; (ii) individuals with autoimmune illnesses might have ongoing inflammation and therapy to downregulate the inflammatory milieu before inducing tolerance might be required. We have recently discovered that oral or nasal anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) induces Treg cells at the mucosal system, and these cells travel systemically to suppress inflammatory diseases, including models of multiple sclerosis, diabetes, lupus, arthritis and colitis. Trials of nasal anti‐CD3 are planned for patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, and oral anti‐CD3 is planned for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. With our new understanding of the mucosal immune system and new approaches, mucosal tolerance has the potential to be successfully applied to patients with a wide variety of diseases.
Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of demyelinating diseases: An update
Authors: Miki Yukio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMajor demyelinating diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) encephalomyelitis. As treatment strategies differ among these diseases, precise diagnosis of demyelinating diseases is crucial, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis. In the present review, MRI appearances of characteristic lesions of these demyelinating diseases, and differentiation between MS and other demyelinating diseases based on MRI findings are discussed.
Disease‐modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis in Japan: A focus on the 2017 Japanese guidelines and the 2018 supplement
Authors: Niino Masaaki , Miyazaki Yusei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCurrently, six disease‐modifying drugs (DMD) for multiple sclerosis are available in Japan: subcutaneous interferon‐β‐1b, intramuscular interferon‐β‐1a, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate. These drugs have different clinical and adverse effects. Therefore, it is critical to select the appropriate DMD, and switching from one DMD to another in clinical practice requires careful monitoring. The Japanese guidelines for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica were revised in 2017, and a supplement to the guidelines for dimethyl fumarate was published in 2018. Herein, we review the characteristics of the six DMD available in Japan, and discuss their use according to the Japanese guidelines.
Case of central nervous system inflammatory disease in late pregnancy
Authors: Isobe Noriko , Baba Toshikazu , Nakamura Yuri , Shinoda Koji , Watanabe Mitsuru , Matsushita Takuya , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring pregnancy, dynamic changes occur not only in coagulation, but also in immune responses. We report a case of a patient who developed an inflammatory disease in the central nervous system during late pregnancy and was challenging to diagnose.Case presentationA 27‐year‐old woman experienced dysarthria during pregnancy at approximately 33 gestational weeks. From the 38th week of pregnancy, she developed general fatigue, clumsiness of the left hand and numbness of the right side of the body. After delivery of her child at 41 weeks’ gestation, she was moved to the neurology ward for further investigation. She showed limb ataxia of the left extremities and sensory disturbance on the right side of the body, including the face. Magnetic resonance imaging detected multiple gadolinium‐enhanced lesions at the brainstem and cerebrum. High‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy was effective, but her symptoms still remained, including palatal myoclonus. Diagnosing this patient was challenging, but clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis and neuro‐Behҫet's disease were the main candidates.ConclusionsWe present a case of a pregnant woman who developed brain inflammatory lesions with unknown etiology. Longitudinal follow up is mandatory for diagnosis with careful tapering of oral prednisolone.
Processing Negation in a Miniature Artificial Language
Authors: Farshchi Sara , Andersson Richard , van de Weijer Joost , Paradis Carita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn two miniature artificial language learning experiments, we compare the processing of narrow and broad negation, corresponding to prefixal negation (unhappy) and free‐standing negation (not happy) respectively, with that of non‐negation (happy). Three artificial prefixes were invented to express the three meanings above. The meaning scope expressed by the negation types was manipulated in the experiments, and the processing of the three forms was tested through a picture–word verification task. In Experiment 1, the scope expressed by prefixal negation was included in the scope expressed by free‐standing negation, while in Experiment 2, there was no overlap between the two negation types and the scope of free‐standing negation was limited to the intermediate range of a scale. Experiment 1 showed that narrow negation is more difficult to process than the non‐negated meanings, but not as difficult as broad negation. Experiment 2 showed that when the meaning scope of broad negation was restricted to the middle range, the processing difficulty found in Experiment 1 disappeared, as it did not take longer for participants to identify the middle range compared to the ends of the scale. We show that the chunking of the negated meanings relative to one another plays a role in the processing cost of these forms.
Tumour biomarkers—Tracing the molecular function and clinical implication
Authors: Lin Jiahao , Ma Lie , Zhang Di , Gao Jiafeng , Jin Yipeng , Han Zhihai , Lin Degui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, with the increase in cancer mortality caused by metastasis, and with the development of individualized and precise medical treatment, early diagnosis with precision becomes the key to decrease the death rate. Since detecting tumour biomarkers in body fluids is the most non‐invasive way to identify the status of tumour development, it has been widely investigated for the usage in clinic. These biomarkers include different expression or mutation in microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumour DNAs (ctDNAs), proteins, exosomes and circulating tumour cells (CTCs). In the present article, we summarized and discussed some updated research on these biomarkers. We overviewed their biological functions and evaluated their multiple roles in human and small animal clinical treatment, including diagnosis of cancers, classification of cancers, prognostic and predictive values for therapy response, monitors for therapy efficacy, and anti‐cancer therapeutics. Biomarkers including different expression or mutation in miRNAs, ctDNAs, proteins, exosomes and CTCs provide more choice for early diagnosis of tumour detection at early stage before metastasis. Combination detection of these tumour biomarkers may provide higher accuracy at the lowest molecule combination number for tumour early detection. Moreover, tumour biomarkers can provide valuable suggestions for clinical anti‐cancer treatment and execute monitoring of treatment efficiency.
The importance of graft cell composition in outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant disease
Authors: Svenberg Petter , Wang Tengyu , Uhlin Michael , Watz Emma , Remberger Mats , Ringden Olle , Mattsson Jonas , Uzunel Mehmet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and relapse remain majobstacles ftreatment success in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the present study, we evaluated the immune cell profile of the graft to outcome after HSCT.Study design and methodFlow cytometry data of graft cell subsets [CD34+, CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3‐CD56+CD16+, CD4+CD127lowCD25high] from G‐CSF primed peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donors was collected retrospectively from 299 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing HSCT between 2006 and 2013. The association to overall survival, transplant‐related mortality (TRM), GVHD and probability of relapse was analyzed. Patients outcome from HLA‐identical sibling (Sib) (n = 97) and unrelated donors (URD) (n = 202) were analyzed separately as all URD patients received anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG).ResultsFive‐year overall survival was similar in the two cohorts (68% (Sib) vs 65% (URD)). The relapse incidence was significantly lower in the Sib cohort (24% vs 35%, P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis in the URD group revealed an association between a higher CD8+ dose and less relapse (HR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.90‐0.98; P = 0.006) as well as an association between higher CD34+ dose and both higher TRM (HR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.02‐1.20; P = 0.02) and relapse (HR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.01‐1.17; P = 0.025). The Sib analysis showed an association between a higher graft CD19+ dose and more severe acute GVHD (HR, 1,09; 95%CI, 1.03‐1.15; P = 0.003) and TRM (HR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.01‐1.17; P = 0.036). In addition, a higher CD4+ graft content was associated to an increased risk for chronic GVHD (HR, 1.02; 95%CI 1.00‐1.04; P = 0.06).ConclusionThese data indicate an importance of PBSC dongraft composition in patients with a hematological malignancy.
Akrasia,practical reason, and the diversity of motivation: A new defense of tripartition
Authors: Carey Jeremiah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn akrasia, an agent intentionally acts against her own judgment about what it is best to do. This presents many puzzles for the understanding of human motivation. The Socrates of Plato's Protagoras, for example, denies this is possible because he claims that all action is motivated by an agent's belief about what is best. Plato himself seems to reject this view in the Republic, appealing to three distinct sources of motivation. This paper takes Plato's side in the general debate, arguing for a new tripartite moral psychology. Because the akratic acts for a reason but against the conclusion of her practical reasoning, there must be a way of acting for reasons other than through reasoning about them. This way is desire. But once there is a division between reason and desire, a third capacity is needed to solve conflicts that can arise between them, the will.
Comparing chemical extraction and a piecewise function with diffusive gradients in thin films for accurate estimation of soil zinc bioavailability to Sedum plumbizincicola
Authors: Zhou J.W. , Wu L.H. , Zhou T. , Li Z. , Sun X.Y. , Luo Y.M. , Christie P. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAccurate evaluation of metal bioavailability to hyperaccumulators is necessary for prediction of metal uptake and estimation of phytoextraction potential. Sedum plumbizincicola X.H. Guo et S.B. Zhou ex L.H. Wu (Crassulaceae), a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), was grown in a pot experiment in 108 agricultural soils representing a wide range of typical Chinese soil types. The contribution of soil properties to Zn uptake was assessed quantitatively. Soil total Zn, soluble Zn, CaCl2‐extractable Zn and (DGT)‐extractable Zn concentrations (Zntotal, Znsoln, ZnCaCl2 and ZnDGT, respectively) were compared to predict shoot Zn concentration (Znshoot) using a piecewise equation. This showed a logarithmic increase with increasing Zntotal from 100–1000 mg kg−1 but plateaued outside this range. The optimum soil pH for Zn removal was ~ 5.5 and further acidification was unnecessary because Znshoot increased significantly with a decrease in pH from 7.5 to 5.5 and rarely changed at pH < 5.5. Sedum plumbizincicola grown in loamy or clay loam soils had larger Znshoot than in sandy or clay soils. The ZnCaCl2 was superior to other methods in estimating Zn bioavailability across all the data. At pH < 5.5, ZnCaCl2 showed much stronger correlation with Znshoot than Zntotal, Znsoln or ZnDGT. Piecewise equations (single linear regression equations at different intervals of soil properties) versus Zntotal and ZnCaCl2 at different pH ranges considerably increased the accuracy of prediction of Znshoot compared with the global equations derived from all data. Estimation of the potential of S. plumbizincicola for Zn phytoextraction in the field indicated that it is feasible to decontaminate acid‐polluted soils with Zntotal ≤ 500 mg kg−1 with S. plumbizincicola.Highlights

Zn bioavailability to hyperaccumulators needs to be estimated over a wide range of soil types.
Piecewise equations considerably improved the prediction of shoot Zn concentration.
CaCl2 extraction was more suitable than DGT for the estimation of Zn bioavailability.
Decontamination with S. plumbizincicola is feasible for acid soils with Zntotal ≤ 500 mg kg−1.
Examination of Indices of High School Performance Based on the Graded Response Model
Authors: Allen Jeff , Mattern Krista 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examined summary indices of high school performance (coursework, grades, and test scores) based on the graded response model (GRM). The indices varied by inclusion of ACT test scores and whether high school courses were constrained to have the same difficulty and discrimination across groups of schools. The indices were examined with respect to skewness, incremental prediction of college degree attainment, and differences across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups. The most difficult high school courses to earn an “A” grade included calculus, chemistry, trigonometry, other advanced math, physics, algebra 2, and geometry. The GRM‐based indices were less skewed than simple high school grade point average (HSGPA) and had higher correlations with ACT Composite score. The index that included ACT test scores and allowed item parameters to vary by school group was most predictive of college degree attainment, but had larger subgroup differences. Implications for implementing multiple measure models for college readiness are discussed.