bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Maternal Passive Tobacco Smoke on Neonatal Myocardiopathy in Mice
Authors: Kawish Naseer , Abbasi Muddasir Hassan , Khawar Muhammad Babar , Akhtar Tasleem , Arif Amin , Majid Ayesha , Sheikh Nadeem 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTobacco smoke has a global impact, particularly on pregnant women and their newborns. An emerging body of research suggests that passive tobacco smoking is a significant contributor to congenital cardiovascular disorders (CVDs).Aim of the StudyThis study aimed to mimic the effects of passive tobacco smoke (PTS) on neonates exposed throughout the gestational period.MethodsFemale mice (DPC = 0) were exposed to PTS; 24 cigarettes/day with an interval of 10 min between each cigarette in a specialized smoke chamber from conception to birth. Histopathological analysis was employed to evaluate PTS‐induced cardiac damage in neonates.ResultsThe results revealed significant alterations in cell structure, namely, widened interstitial spaces, hemorrhage, pyknotic nuclei, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and fibrosis.ConclusionMaternal exposure to PTS during pregnancy may lead to neonatal myocardiopathy.
Orphan genes are not a distinct biological entity
Authors: Pereira Andres Barboza , Marano Matthew , Bathala Ramya , Zaragoza Rigoberto Ayala , Neira Andres , Samano Alex , Owoyemi Adekola , Casola Claudio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe genome sequencing revolution has revealed that all species possess a large number of unique genes critical for trait variation, adaptation, and evolutionary innovation. One widely used approach to identify such genes consists of detecting protein‐coding sequences with no homology in other genomes, termed orphan genes. These genes have been extensively studied, under the assumption that they represent valid proxies for species‐specific genes. Here, we critically evaluate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and sequence evolution evidence showing that orphan genes belong to a range of evolutionary ages and thus cannot be assigned to a single lineage. Furthermore, we show that the processes generating orphan genes are substantially more diverse than generally thought and include horizontal gene transfer, transposable element domestication, and overprinting. Thus, orphan genes represent a heterogeneous collection of genes rather than a single biological entity, making them unsuitable as a subject for meaningful investigation of gene evolution and phenotypic innovation.
CHARM and EvoETR: Precision epigenetic tools for gene silencing
Authors: Pillai Anirudh , Verma Vasundhara , Galande Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the advent of gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, it has become possible to edit genomic regions of interest for research and therapeutic purposes. These technologies have also been adapted to alter gene expression without changing their DNA sequence, allowing epigenetic edits. While genetic editors make edits by cutting the genome at specified regions, epigenetic editors leverage the same targeting mechanism but act based on the epigenetic modifier fused to them, such as a methyltransferase. Here, we discuss two recently employed epigenetic editors (epi‐editors) that silenced target genes involved in disease to mitigate their effects. Neumann et al. reported the construction of an epigenetic editor called CHARM that could methylate and silence the prion gene in mouse brains and subsequently switch itself off. Additionally, Capelluti et al. developed an epi‐editor called EvoETR that knocked down Pcsk9 in the murine liver to reduce LDL levels. We aim to highlight the design principles underlying the design of these epi‐editors to inform future editor designs.
Stakeholder attention and ambidextrous green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Cheng Peng , Zhang Jianye , Chen Jiayi , Zheng Yaoyue , Li Zhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBased on stakeholder theory, resource dependency theory, and institutional theory, this study focuses on exploring how primary and secondary stakeholder attention differentially influences corporate green innovation. Specifically, it distinguishes between exploratory and exploitative green innovation and further analyzes how formal institutional pressures (environmental regulations, ERs) and informal institutional pressures (public environmental concern, PEC) moderate the relationship between stakeholder attention and green innovation. By analyzing empirical data from A‐share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2021, the study finds that primary stakeholder attention often suppresses green innovation, while secondary stakeholder attention has a positive driving effect. Notably, the negative impact of primary stakeholder attention is mainly confined to exploitative innovation, whereas the positive influence of secondary stakeholder attention promotes both exploratory and exploitative green innovation. Moreover, the research confirms that ERs and PEC, as key factors of the institutional environment, play crucial roles in reinforcing these differential impacts. They intensify the negative effects of primary stakeholder attention on green innovation and amplify the positive impact of secondary stakeholder attention. This study enriches the field of stakeholder theory, resource dependency theory, and institutional theory, offering theoretical support and practical guidance for firms' sustainable development and green transformation.
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of the Mayo Additive Staging System and Minimal Residual Disease in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Song Yichuan , Zhao Rui , Fu Wenxuan , Zhao Jing , Wang Qingtao , Zhang Rui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the Mayo additive staging system (MASS) and minimal residual disease (MRD) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients.MethodsA total of 238 NDMM patients were enrolled in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization and next‐generation flow cytometry were used to examine cytogenetic abnormalities and MRD, respectively. The patients were classified into three groups to compare the effects on progression‐free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify the survival‐related factors.ResultsFor MASS group, the PFS was significant difference in MASS I, II, and III patients (p = 0.0006); the patients with sustained MRD‐negative, non‐sustained MRD‐negative, sustained MRD‐positive, and non‐sustained MRD‐positive were divided into Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The Group 1 patients had superior PFS than Groups 2 and 3 patients (p < 0.05), but no difference in PFS was observed for Group 2 versus Group 3, Group 2 versus Group 4, and Group 3 versus Group 4 patients. For the MASS and MRD groups, among Groups 2, 3, and 4, MASS I patients had a superior PFS, while III patients showed the opposite result. Strikingly, no difference in PFS for Group 1 patients regardless of the MASS stage was observed. Despite being in MASS II and III, the PFS of Group 1 patients was longer than those with the other three groups. Response to treatment was an independent prognostic factor for MM patients.ConclusionPatients with an accumulation of high‐risk factors and MRD‐positive have poor outcomes. Sustained MRD‐negative may improve high‐risk patients' prognoses.
Decoupled Edge Physics Algorithms for Collaborative XR Simulations
Authors: Kokiadis George , Protopsaltis Antonis , Morfiadakis Michalis , Lydatakis Nick , Papagiannakis George 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work proposes a novel approach to transform any modern game engine pipeline, for optimized performance and enhanced user experiences in extended reality (XR) environments decoupling the physics engine from the game engine pipeline and using a client‐server architecture creates a scalable solution, efficiently serving multiple graphics clients on head‐mounted displays (HMDs) with a single physics engine on edge‐cloud infrastructure. This approach ensures better synchronization in multiplayer scenarios without introducing overhead in single‐player experiences, maintaining session continuity despite changes in user participation. Relocating the Physics Engine to an edge or cloud node reduces strain on local hardware, dedicating more resources to high‐quality rendering and unlocking the full potential of untethered HMDs. We present four algorithms that decouple the physics engine, increasing frame rates and Quality of Experience (QoE) in VR simulations, supporting advanced interactions, numerous physics objects, and multiuser sessions with over 100 concurrent users. Incorporating a Geometric Algebra interpolator reduces inter‐calls between dissected parts, maintaining QoE and easing network stress. Experimental validation, with more than 100 concurrent users, 10,000 physics objects, and softbody simulations, confirms the technical viability of the proposed architecture, showcasing transformative capabilities for more immersive and collaborative XR applications without compromising performance.
Preparation and Optimization of Hydrophilic Modified Pullulan Encapsulated Tetracycline for Significant Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activity Against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates
Authors: Asgari Mahtab , Rezaeizadeh Golnoosh , Ghajari Ghazal , Azami Zahra , Behshood Parisa , Talebi Fatemeh , Piri Gharaghie Tohid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), resistant to antibiotics, is a hazardous illness and a well‐known worldwide public health issue. The present investigation included the preparation of formulations of tetracycline encapsulated in pullulan (referred to as HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline). The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of these formulations against strains of S. maltophilia in terms of their antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm properties. The physicochemical characteristics of HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline were analyzed using a field scanning electron microscope, X‐ray dispersion, Zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The antibacterial and anti‐biofilm activity was assessed using minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration and broth micro‐dilution. In addition, the biocompatibility of HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline was assessed by investigating its cytotoxicity on the human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) normal cell line using the MTT test. The HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline formulation successfully prevented biofilm formation, measuring 179.7±2.66 nm in size and with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.86±3.14 %. It exhibited a biofilm growth inhibition rating of 69 % and significantly down‐regulated the expression of the smf‐1, rpfF, rmlA, and spgM biofilm genes in S. maltophilia strains (p<0.05).Furthermore, the HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline formulation exhibited a 4 to 6‐fold increase in antibacterial efficacy compared to unbound tetracycline. The HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline formulation demonstrated cell viability of over 90 % at all doses tested against HDF normal cells. The findings of the current investigation demonstrate that HM‐PULL‐Tetracycline enhances the bactericidal and anti‐biofilm properties without causing harm to healthy human cells. This suggests that Could be a promising approach for medication administration.
Evaluation of Dermal Wound Healing Potential: Phytochemical Characterization, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss. & Reut. Latex
Authors: Segueni Khaoula , Chouikh Atef , Eddine Laouini Salah , Bouafia Abderrhmane , Laid Tlili Mohammed , Laib Ibtissam , Boudebia Ouafa , Khelef Yahia , Abdullah Mahmood M. S. , Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed , Bin Emran Talha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the wound‐healing potential of Euphorbia guyoniana latex (EGL) in male Wistar rats, along with its biochemical composition and biological activities. Phytochemical analysis identified moderate levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, with HPLC revealing five phenolic compounds. EGL demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH assays, surpassing ascorbic acid in protecting red blood cells. Its performance in the ß‐carotene‐linoleic acid assay was robust, though its FRAP assay results were weaker. EGL also exhibited significant anti‐inflammatory activity, comparable to Acetylsalicylic acid, and showed antibacterial effects against Listeria innocua. In Vivo, EGL‐infused ointments accelerated wound healing, reducing epithelialization periods to 12–16 days, with a higher wound contraction rate compared to controls. The study concludes that EGL, rich in bioactive compounds, holds potential as a promising natural agent for wound healing, owing to its potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.
Chemoenzymatic Cyclization by Vanadium Chloroperoxidase for Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxyisochroman‐1‐Ones
Authors: Krongyut Chisanu , Wiriya Nittaya , Saiyasombat Worakrit , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Sripattanakul Sineenat , Kamkaew Anyanee , Lai Rung‐Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract4‐Hydroxyisochroman‐1‐ones belong to the class of the secondary metabolite 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities. These compounds can be synthesized through halocyclization using hypervalent iodine species or N‐bromosuccinimide, followed by hydrolysis. Nonetheless, the reactions required specific conditions and generated toxic byproducts. In this study, Curvularia inaequalis vanadium chloroperoxidase (CiVCPO) catalyzed the chemoenzymatic cyclization of 2‐vinylbenzoic acids with different electron‐donating groups (1 a–1 e) to produce good yields of 4‐hydroxyisochroman‐1‐ones (3 a–3 e) by adding KBr and H2O2 in citrate buffer (pH 5). The reaction mixture contained 30 % DMSO to improve substrate solubility without enzyme activity loss. The condition is more environmentally friendly than chemical methods. Therefore, it offers an alternative approach for synthesizing 4‐hydroxyisochroman‐1‐ones.
ZNF655 involved in the progression of multiple myeloma via the activation of AKT
Authors: Kou Haiming , Jiang Shuqin , Wu Xueqiong , Jing Changhua , Xu Xinxin , Wang Jiaju , Zhang Cui , Liu Wenting , Gao Yan , Men Qian , Lu Ping , Lv Zhenhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy, and the number of MM patients is increasing year by year. Zinc finger protein 655 (ZNF655) has been shown to regulate various biological processes and is implicated in the progression of many diseases. However, the roles of ZNF655 in MM progression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of ZNF655 on progression by detecting the alteration of the phenotypes and tumorigenesis induced by ZNF655 knockdown in MM. The expression level of ZNF655 in MM was clarified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. Furthermore, loss‐of‐function assays in vitro and in vivo was investigated the biological functions of ZNF655 in MM. These findings revealed that ZNF655 depletion remarkably inhibited MM cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle, and induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ZNF655 was found to regulate AKT in MM. In conclusion, this study indicated that ZNF655 regulated the progression of MM via AKT activation and downregulation of ZNF655 may be a promising antitumor strategy in MM.
SFMD‐X: A New Functional Data Classifier Based on Shrinkage Functional Mahalanobis Distance
Authors: Bao Shunke , Guo Jiakun , Li Zhouping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a novel classification approach for functional data based on a shrinkage estimate of functional Mahalanobis distance. We first introduce a new shrinkage functional Mahalanobis distance (SFMD), by using this new distance, we transform the functional observations into a set of vector‐valued pseudo‐samples. Furthermore, we adopt some good classification algorithms designed for multivariate data to this pseudo‐samples instead of the original functional data. The new approach has advantage of highly flexible and scalable, that is, it can easily combine with any classification algorithm, such as support vector machine, tree‐based methods, and neural networks. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed functional classifier through both extensive simulation studies and two real data applications.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Analysis of Himalayan Agave Fiber/GO Coated Fly Ash Hybrid Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Sharan Gupta Hariome , Singh Manjinder , Chaudhari Arjun S. , Maurya Atul Kumar , Manik Gaurav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComposites containing two different types of reinforcements offer a wide range of possibilities and synergistic properties. This study investigates the hybridization effect of chemically active fly ash (FA) (5 wt %) on the composites made from alkali (1 wt %) ‐ APTES silane (2 wt %) treated Himalayan agave fibers (HAF) (25 wt %) and polypropylene (PP). Prior to FA activation, the planetary ball mill was used to suitably reduce the particle size of the FA with was confirmed by the dynamic light scattering approach. Secondary reinforcement FA was modified with APTES silane (1 wt %), followed by treatment with graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt %). The highest tensile strength of 40.47 MPa and modulus of 1.49 GPa were observed for the hybrid composites fabricated from 0.75 and 1.0 wt % GO treated fly ash. Interestingly, this trend differed for flexural properties, and the highest flexural strength of 53.52 MPa was demonstrated by 0.5 wt % GO treated FA hybrid composite. Thermal characterization revealed that addition of fiber increased crystallinity but decreased thermal stability, whereas a good wettability of the fiber and FA in matrix was demonstrated through morphological characterization.
Repurposing Naturally Occurring Enzymes Using Visible Light
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Liu Fulu , Zhao Beibei , Huang Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnzymes are natural treasure troves that hold multiple superiority. Enzymatic catalysis has become a powerful tool for asymmetric synthesis, though it is typically limited to a relatively narrow range of reaction types. By integrating the advantages of enzymatic catalysis with photocatalysis, photoenzymatic catalysis not only expands the catalytic capabilities of enzymes but also provides an effective strategy for the stereo‐control of photochemical reactions, thereby emerging as a significant research field. Herein, we focus on new‐to‐nature photoenzymatic catalysis by repurposing naturally occurring enzymes with visible light. We highlight the seminal work in reshaping various classes of enzymes, emphasizing their catalytic mechanism and synthetic potentials.
Early Day Record
Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Novel Medium Bandgap Guest Acceptor
Authors: Meng Yongdie , Tang Luting , Xiao Manjun , Zhou Wenjing , Li Nana , Jia Jianchao , Jia Tao , Su Wenyan , Bi Zhaozhao , Peng Wenhong , Fan Baobing , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Ma Wei , Fan Qunping 
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive SummaryNear‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing polymerized small molecule acceptors (PSMAs) based on a Y‐series backbone (such as PY‐IT) have been widely developed to fabricate efficient all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). However, medium‐bandgap PSMAs are often overlooked, while they as the third component can be expected to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐PSCs, mainly due to their up‐shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, complimentary absorption, and diverse intermolecular interaction compared to the NIR‐absorbing host acceptor. Herein, an IDIC‐series medium‐bandgap PSMA (P‐ITTC) is developed and introduced as the third component into D18/PY‐IT host, which can not only form complementary absorption and cascade energy level, but also finely optimize active layer morphology. Therefore, compared to the D18/PY‐IT based parental all‐PSCs, the ternary all‐PSCs based on D18/PY‐IT:P‐ITTC obtain an increased exciton dissociation, charge transport, carrier lifetime, as well as suppressed charge recombination and energy loss. As a result, the ternary all‐PSCs achieve a high PCE of 17.64% with a photovoltage of 0.96 V, both of which are among the top values in layer‐by‐layer typed all‐PSCs. This work provides a method for the design and selection of the medium‐bandgap third component to fabricate efficient all‐PSCs.
Current Context of Designing Phototheranostic Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complexes to Open a New Avenue in Cancer Therapy
Authors: U Sreelekha , Basu Uttara , Paira Priyankar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhoto‐induced chemotherapy offers the best option for the selective treatment of cancer among all the prevailing modalities. Iridium (III) complexes, flourished with excellent photophysical and photochemical properties, have been considered to be superior for undergoing photo‐responsive cancer therapy. Large Stokes shift, long‐lived triplet excited state, photostability, and tuneable emission have rendered its excellence as a phototheranostic agent. In particular, the cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes and their respective nanoparticles have made a strong niche in the arena of cancer therapy. In recent years, Ir (III) based complexes have shown promising utilities as both imaging and therapeutic agents as well. Therefore, this review summarises the recent advances in the strategic designing of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes to augment their phototheranostic applications in precision medicine.
Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Postinspiratory Complex (PiCo) Revealed by AAV and Monosynaptic Rabies Viral Tracing
Authors: Oliveira Luiz M. , Huff Alyssa , Wei Aguan , Miranda Nicole C. , Wu Ginny , Xu Xiangmin , Ramirez Jan‐Marino 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe control of the respiratory rhythm and airway motor activity is essential for life. Accumulating evidence indicates that the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) is crucial for generating behaviors that occur during the postinspiratory phase, including expiratory laryngeal activity and swallowing. Located in the ventromedial medulla, PiCo is defined by neurons co‐expressing two neurotransmitter markers (ChAT and Vglut2/Slc17a6). Here, we mapped the input–output connections of these neurons using viral tracers and intersectional viral‐genetic tools. PiCo neurons were specifically targeted by focal injection of a doubly conditional Cre‐ and FlpO‐dependent AAV8 viral marker (AAV8‐Con/Fon‐TVA‐mCherry) into the left PiCo of adult ChatCre/wt: Vglut2FlpO/wt mice, for anterograde axonal tracing. These experiments revealed projections to various brain regions, including the Cu, nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), Amb, X, XII, Sp5, RMg, intermediate reticular nucleus (IRt), lateral reticular nucleus (LRt), pre‐Bötzinger complex (preBötC), contralateral PiCo, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), Kölliker–Fuse (KF), PB, and external cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC). A rabies virus (RV) retrograde transsynaptic approach was taken with EnvA‐pseudotyped G‐deleted (RV‐SAD‐G‐GFP) to similarly target PiCo neurons in ChatCre/wt: Vglut2FlpO/wt mice, following prior injections of helper AAVs (a mixture of AAV‐Ef1a‐Con/Fon oG and viral vector AAV8‐Con/Fon‐TVA‐mCherry). This combined approach revealed prominent synaptic inputs to PiCo neurons from NTS, IRt, and A1/C1. Although PiCo neurons project axons to the contralateral PiCo area, this approach did not detect direct contralateral connections. We suggest that PiCo serves as a critical integration site, projecting and receiving neuronal connections implicated in breathing, arousal, swallowing, and autonomic regulation.