bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed‐dye laser as an adjuvant treatment for papulopustular eruptions from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, a randomized blinded split‐faced controlled trial
Authors: Rerknimitr Pawinee , Suphankong Yada , Panchaprateep Ratchathorn , Kerr Stephen J. , Asawanonda Pravit 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) as an adjunctive treatment for facial papulopustular eruptions from EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi).MethodsFourteen patients with facial acneiform eruptions were recruited. Half side of the face was randomized to receive PDL treatment while the other side served as a control. The treatments were delivered every 2 weeks for 4 sessions. The patients were seen at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Erythema index (EI) measured by colorimeter, the papulopustular lesion count and physician global assessment (PGA) were obtained. Patients were allowed to use their standard treatments for their eruptions.ResultsBoth arms had a significant decrease in EI from baseline at each subsequent visit. In the laser treated side, the mean (95%CI) EI decreased from 23.5 (22.24–24.76) at baseline to 16.3 (15.01–17.59) at week 10, while those of the sham were 23.49 (22.23–24.75) to 20.51 (19.22–21.8), respectively. The mean change was significantly lower in the PDL arm from week 4 onwards. The lesion counts in both groups also decreased significantly, but the mean difference between the arms was not different. PGA scores followed the same pattern as EI.ConclusionsAdjunctive treatment with PDL was a safe and effective treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Arg1038Gly missense variant in the NF1 gene causes a mild phenotype without neurofibromas
Authors: Trevisson Eva , Morbidoni Valeria , Forzan Monica , Daolio Cecilia , Fumini Valentina , Parrozzani Raffaele , Cassina Matteo , Midena Edoardo , Salviati Leonardo , Clementi Maurizio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by inactivating mutations of the NF1 gene. The wide allelic heterogeneity of this condition, with more than 3,000 pathogenic variants reported so far, is paralleled by its high clinical variability, which is observed even within the same family. The definition of genotype–phenotype correlations has been hampered by the complexity of the NF1 gene and, although a few exceptions have been recognized, the clinical course remains unpredictable in most patients.MethodsSequencing of NF1 in patients with cafè‐au‐lait spots identified the c.3112A>G variant. RNA analysis and a minigene assay were employed to investigate splicing.ResultsHere we report a novel genotype–phenotype correlation in NF1: the identification of the missense variant NM_000267.3:c.3112A>G p.(Arg1038Gly) in seven individuals from two unrelated families with a mild phenotype. All the patients manifest cafè‐au‐lait spots without neurofibromas or other NF1–associated complications, and Noonan syndrome features in most cases. The missense variant was not previously reported in available databases, segregates with the phenotype and involves a highly conserved residue. Both a minigene assay and patient's RNA analysis excluded an effect on splicing.ConclusionOur data support the correlation of the p.Arg1038Gly missense substitution with the cutaneous phenotype without neurofibromas or other complications. This finding may have relevant implications for patients and genetic counseling, but also to get insights into the function of neurofibromin.
PubChem and ChEMBL beyond Lipinski
Authors: Capecchi Alice , Awale Mahendra , Probst Daniel , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeven million of the currently 94 million entries in the PubChem database break at least one of the four Lipinski constraints for oral bioavailability, 183,185 of which are also found in the ChEMBL database. These non‐Lipinski PubChem (NLP) and ChEMBL (NLC) subsets are interesting because they contain new modalities that can display biological properties not accessible to small molecule drugs. Unfortunately, the current search tools in PubChem and ChEMBL are designed for small molecules and are not well suited to explore these subsets, which therefore remain poorly appreciated. Herein we report MXFP (macromolecule extended atom‐pair fingerprint), a 217‐D fingerprint tailored to analyze large molecules in terms of molecular shape and pharmacophores. We implement MXFP in two web‐based applications, the first one to visualize NLP and NLC interactively using Faerun (http://faerun.gdb.tools/), the second one to perform MXFP nearest neighbor searches in NLP and NLC (http://similaritysearch.gdb.tools/). We show that these tools provide a meaningful insight into the diversity of large molecules in NLP and NLC. The interactive tools presented here are publicly available at http://gdb.unibe.ch and can be used freely to explore and better understand the diversity of non‐Lipinski molecules in PubChem and ChEMBL.
Use of kZ‐space for high through‐plane resolution in multislice MRI: Application to prostate
Authors: Kargar Soudabeh , Borisch Eric A. , Froemming Adam T. , Grimm Roger C. , Kawashima Akira , King Bernard F. , Stinson Eric G. , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe goal of this work is to demonstrate 1 mm through‐plane resolution in multislice T2SE MRI using k‐space processing of overlapping slices and show applicability in prostate MRI.MethodsMultiple overlapped slices are acquired and Fourier transformed in the slice‐select direction. The slice profile is incorporated into a Tikhonov‐regularized reconstruction. Through‐plane resolution is tested in a resolution phantom. An anthropomorphic prostate phantom is used to study the SNR, and results are compared with theoretical prediction. The proposed method is tested in 16 patients indicated for clinical prostate MRI who gave written informed consent as overseen by our IRB. The “proposed” vs. “reference” multislice images are compared using multiple evaluation criteria for through‐plane resolution.ResultsThe modulation transfer function (MTF) plots of the resolution phantom show good modulation at frequency 0.5 lp/mm, demonstrating 1 mm through‐plane resolution restoration. The SNR measurements experimentally match the theoretically predicted values. The radiological evaluation shows that the proposed method is superior to the reference method for five criteria of sharpness but inferior with respect to artifacts.ConclusionsIn conjunction with overlapped slices a k‐space‐based reconstruction approach can be used to improve through‐plane resolution in multislice T2SE MRI. 1 mm resolution is demonstrated from 3.2 mm thick slices. The in vivo results from prostate MRI show improved sharpness when compared to the standard multislice method.
Effects of Fishery-Related Fight Time and Air Exposure on Prespawn Survival and Reproductive Success of Adult Hatchery Steelhead
Authors: Whitney Don W. , Meyer Kevin A. , McCormick Joshua L. , Bowersox Brett J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In recent years, increased scrutiny has been placed on the physiological effects of exhaustive exercise and air exposure on caught-and-released fish. Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock in the South Fork Clearwater River, Idaho, were collected by anglers during a winter fishery (water temperatures of 2–5°C); this enabled fight and air exposure times to be recorded to determine their influence on prespawn survival and progeny survival to the fry stage in the hatchery. The average fight time during angling was 164 s. Air exposure was measured when anglers landed fish and again during fish transport from the river to the hatchery vehicle; the longest interval of air exposure averaged 23 s during angling and 28 s during transport. Three-year average prespawn survival was 97.0% for 1,148 angler-caught fish, compared to 91.9% for 3,325 swim-in broodstock collected at the hatchery. The top mixed-effects logistic regression model estimated that the odds of progeny survival increased by 1.027 times with each additional day of the year until an adult fish spawned; this was likely a reflection of peak spawn time in the hatchery. Fight time and air exposure time did not influence progeny survival or prespawn mortality of adult steelhead captured by anglers.
Factors influencing the pace of food intake for nursing home residents with dementia: Resident characteristics, staff mealtime assistance and environmental stimulation
Authors: Liu Wen , Jao Ying‐Ling , Williams Kristine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the association of resident characteristics, staff mealtime assistance and environmental stimulation with the pace of food intake.DesignA secondary analysis of 36 baseline eating videos involving 19 nursing assistants and 15 residents with dementia in eight nursing homes from a communication intervention study.MethodsThe outcome variable was the pace of food intake (the number of bites and drinks per minute). The exploratory variables were resident characteristics (age, gender, dementia stage and eating performance), staff mealtime assistance (frequency of verbal, visual, partial and full physical assistance) and environmental stimulation. Multi‐level models were used to examine the association.ResultsA faster pace of food intake is associated with being male, better eating performance, staff provision of visual and physical assistance and better quality of environmental stimulation that involved interaction. The pace of food intake was not associated with resident age, staff verbal assistance or partial physical assistance.
Quantifying cultural ecosystem services: Disentangling the effects of management from landscape features
Authors: Tew Eleanor R. , Simmons Benno I. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Cultural ecosystem services are undeniably important, yet are typically neglected in land management decisions due to a suite of intractable challenges: they are highly complex, localised, and inextricably associated with landscape features. However, to incorporate the ecosystem services framework into land management, decision‐makers need the tools to disentangle the effects of land use from other factors. This is a major challenge for ecosystem services research.

Forestry is a widespread land use that has considerable potential to deliver a broad range of ecosystem services, although this requires careful management planning. Additionally, modern production forestry is undergoing a period of rapid change in the face of a plethora of challenges, such as climate change and disease. To increase cultural ecosystem services delivery from forests, managers need tools to understand the implications of different management options.

In this paper, we directly test how land use affects cultural ecosystem services. We use a new approach that recognises the underlying complexity of cultural ecosystem services but produces easily interpretable results that are locally relevant and directly applicable to land management. By combining participatory geographic information systems (GIS) and a novel site matching technique, we relate cultural values explicitly to land management, while accounting for the influence of landscape features.

Applying this new method to a major UK forest site, we conducted a large survey to gather participatory GIS data points. We showed that land management significantly affected cultural ecosystem service values and were able to make a series of practical forest management recommendations. Notably, a greater diversity of tree species would improve cultural value, and open space is important within the forest landscape.

This approach is highly flexible and can be applied to any type of landscape. It allows cultural ecosystem services to be fully integrated into land management decisions to formulate the best management strategy to maximise ecosystem service delivery.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Sensory Function, Measured as Active Discriminative Touch, is Associated With Dexterity after Stroke
Authors: Carlsson Håkan , Ekstrand Elisabeth , Brogårdh Christina 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundReduced dexterity is common after stroke, which can affect the ability to perform upper limb daily activities. To improve upper limb function after stroke, it is important to understand which factors are most associated with dexterity.ObjectiveTo evaluate how several factors are associated with dexterity after stroke.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingA university hospital.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 75 persons (54 men and 21 women, mean age 66 years) with mild to moderate impairments of the upper limb after stroke.MethodsDexterity and potentially associated factors (age, gender, affected hand, social situation, vocational situation, grip strength, spasticity, sensory function, and pain) were evaluated by linear regression models.Main Outcome MeasurementsDexterity was measured with the mini Sollerman Hand Function Test, sensory function with both the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (to assess light touch and proprioception) and the Shape Texture Identification Test (to assess active discriminative touch), spasticity with the Modified Ashworth Scale, and grip strength with the Grippit dynamometer.ResultsActive discriminative touch had the strongest association with dexterity, explaining 46% of the variance. When spasticity and grip strength were added, the explained variance increased to 57% in the final multivariate model.ConclusionsThis study indicates that sensory function in terms of active discriminative touch is a major contributing factor to dexterity in persons with mild to moderate stroke, whereas spasticity and grip strength may be of lesser importance.Level of EvidenceIII
Differences in self‐assembly features of thermoresponsive anionic triblock copolymers synthesized via one‐pot or two‐pot by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Motlaq Vahid F. , Momtazi Leva , Zhu Kaizheng , Knudsen Kenneth D. , Nyström Bo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe self‐assembly process in aqueous solutions of the methoxyl‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic sodium)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAM) triblock copolymer, synthesized via two different atomic transfer radical polymerization methods, namely “one‐pot” (P3‐sample) and “two‐pot” (P2‐sample), was studied by various experimental techniques. The “one‐pot” procedure leads to a copolymer (P3) where the PNIPAAM block is contaminated with a minor quantity of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonate (AMPS) residuals and this sample does not form micelles over the considered temperature region, but unimers and temperature‐induced aggregates coexist in the presence of a small amount of salt. The P2 polymer forms micelles and intermicellar structures, but the former moieties disappear at high temperatures, whereas the latter species contract with increasing temperature. Small‐angle neutron scattering results revealed correlation peaks, both for P3 and P2, and no micelle formation for P3, but a pronounced upturn of the scattered intensity at low wavevector values at elevated temperatures for the P2 copolymer. The findings from this study clearly show that the spurious AMPS residuals have a drastic influence on the self‐assembly and micelle formation of the triblock copolymer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 524–534
Parental hypoxic exposure influences performance of offspring in Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Sang Wen , Ji Rui , Lei Chaoliang , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundModified atmosphere based on lack of O2 can protect stored grains from insect pest damage. Although population expansion of cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)) could be temporarily arrested when exposed to 2% O2, this insect could survive extended periods of hypoxia and continue its normal development if normoxic conditions resumed. It is not clear whether parental hypoxic treatment has any effects on offspring performance and response to hypoxia.ResultsHypoxia postponed development of treated parental bruchids at all stages. Its negative effects on oviposition and hatch rate of these eggs were significant only when hypoxia was administered at the parental fourth instar larval stage or later. When the F1 generation was exposed to hypoxia at the fourth instar larval stage, they exhibited comparable developmental delay and reduction in adult emergence and fecundity whether the parents experienced hypoxia or not. Interestingly, eggs laid by hypoxia‐treated F1s had increased hatch rates if their parents had also been exposed to hypoxia. Stronger suppression of the digestive protease gene CatL and elevated basal expression of the stress responsive gene Hsp27 were observed in F1 larvae with parental hypoxic experience.ConclusionParental hypoxic experience appeared to better prepare the F1 progenies for further hypoxic challenge. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Management strategies against Drosophila suzukii: insights into Swiss grape growers choices
Authors: Knapp Ladina , Mazzi Dominique , Finger Robert 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn 2017, we investigated measures adopted by Swiss grape growers in response to Drosophila suzukii by conducting a survey presenting information obtained from 372 growers on 1708 vineyards.ResultsWe found the strategies adopted to be heterogeneous and largely dependent on grape variety (table vs. wine grapes). We identified six clusters of control methods to combat D. suzukii, the most important of which involves using a combination of control methods such as insecticides, mass trapping and sanitation measures, especially pinching of foliage or mowing and mulching. Grape growers in our sample rely primarily on information from public institutions or other growers and the majority plan to continue taking sanitation measures to combat D. suzukii.ConclusionOur results suggest that strategies adopted in Switzerland differ widely, not only between growers, but also at a vineyard and regional level. Thus, policies and extension services should be targeted (e.g. to varieties and regions) and tailored to types of growers. We find that preventive measures are important when combatting D. suzukii and can reduce post‐infestation measures such as pesticide usage. In our sample, biological insecticides, such as kaolin, played a vital role in the control of D. suzukii and merit further support. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Groundwater monitoring for 1,3‐dichloropropene in high fumigant use areas of North America and Europe
Authors: van Wesenbeeck Ian J , Knowles Steve 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D) is a soil fumigant used for the control of nematodes in high‐value fruit, nut and vegetable crops globally. Extensive water monitoring efforts have been undertaken over the past four decades by public and private institutions, given the widespread agricultural use of 1,3‐D, and environmental fate and metabolism data suggesting the potential for 1,3‐D to leach into groundwater. The aim of this study is to review the results of groundwater monitoring studies for 1,3‐D conducted in North America and the European Union (EU) since 1980.RESULTSAnalysis of > 50 000 water samples by state and federal agencies in the USA resulted in 151 detections of 1,3‐D. An additional 4000 samples analyzed in groundwater studies specifically targeting high 1,3‐D use areas in Europe and the USA resulted in 74 detections of 1,3‐D or its primary metabolites. The combined detection rate of 1,3‐D and its primary metabolites in high‐use areas of the EU and North America was 0.7%.CONCLUSIONSThe availability of extensive groundwater monitoring information developed through decades of study supports the conclusion that soil fumigation with 1,3‐D poses an inconsequential risk for drinking water exposure. The lack of significant detections of 1,3‐D from targeted monitoring studies is due to the high volatility of 1,3‐D, the rapid degradation of 1,3‐D in most agricultural soils, the rapid degradation of 1,3‐D and its metabolites in aerobic aquatic systems, and the rapid hydrolysis of 1,3‐D in water. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An evaluation of tenuazonic acid, a potential biobased herbicide in cotton
Authors: Zhou Bing , Wang He , Meng Bin , Wei Ran , Wang Ling , An Chuanfu , Chen Shiguo , Yang Chunlong , Qiang Sheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTenuazonic acid (TeA), a putative nonhost‐selective mycotoxin isolated from Alternaria alternata, is the main causative agent of brown leaf spot disease of crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) and some other crops. Previous studies revealed that it is a natural photosystem II inhibitor that binds the D1 protein to block electron transfer. Though the crude metabolite extract of A. alternata containing TeA has been bioassayed, the herbicidal activity of synthesized TeA has not been systematically evaluated yet.RESULTSTeA caused leaves of crofton weed to have brown spots that were more pronounced in older leaves than younger ones. It completely killed 92% of the four‐leaf seedlings at 600 g ai/ha but only 81% or less of six‐leaf seedlings or bigger. The bioassay of phytotoxicity of TeA to 67 plant species including 54 weeds and 13 crops, showed that TeA had a broad weed spectrum but low toxicity to Solanaceae and Malvaceae species. Further potted‐ plant experiments demonstrated that TeA had EC90 values that ranged from 119 to 795 μg/mL for 14 important weeds but was 2539 μg/mL for Acalypha australis. Nicotiana tabacum and Gossypium hirsutum had no injury symptoms at 1000 μg/mL. A field trial showed that TeA effectively controlled two important weeds, Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus retroflexus without affecting cotton in the field.CONCLUSIONTeA has potential as a biobased herbicide for controlling important dicotyledon and monocotyledon weeds in cotton and tobacco fields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Firm strategic behavior and the measurement of knowledge flows with patent citations
Authors: Corsino Marco , Mariani Myriam , Torrisi Salvatore 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryThis research addresses firms' use of external knowledge sources to develop patented inventions and explores the validity of patent citations as an indicator of interfirm knowledge flows. By comparing patent citations with primary data reported by the inventors, we uncover systematic measurement errors in patent citations and show that they depend on the firms' patent strategies (e.g., to reduce the risk of imitation or litigation), the source of knowledge employed (e.g., competitors, users), the technology of the underlying invention, and the institutional characteristics of the patent system. Our findings about the role of these factors in external knowledge sourcing and citing propensity highlight the importance of firms' strategic behavior and offer novel insights for the use of patent citations as an indicator of knowledge flows.
Managerial SummaryFirms' open innovation strategies rely on the sourcing of knowledge from other organizations. Tracing these knowledge flows is difficult, such that the empirical research on this matter typically uses citations that patents make to prior art in order to track them. However, patent citations might be added also for reasons other than the actual transfer of knowledge. We use primary information from a large survey of inventors to assess the accuracy of patent citations to measure knowledge flows, and we find evidence of measurement errors that depend on the applicants' patent strategies, the type of knowledge sources used, the filing jurisdiction, and the technology of the underlying invention. We offer insights to evaluate the settings in which patent citations are a reliable measure of knowledge flows.