bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Moisture Sensor Test with Mississippi Delta Soils
Authors: Sui Ruixiu , Pringle Horace C. , Barnes Edward M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. One of the methods for irrigation scheduling is to use sensors to measure the soil moisture level in the plant root zone and apply water if there is a water shortage for the plants. The measurement accuracy and reliability of the soil moisture sensors are critical for sensor-based irrigation management. This study evaluated the measurement accuracy and repeatability of the EC-5 and 5TM soil volumetric water content (SVWC) sensors, the MPS-2 and 200SS soil water potential (SWP) sensors, and the 200TS soil temperature sensor. Six 183 cm × 183 cm × 71 cm wooden compartments were built inside a greenhouse, and each compartment was filled with one type of soil from the Mississippi Delta. A total of 66 sensors with 18 data loggers were installed in the soil compartments to measure SVWC, SWP, and soil temperature. Soil samples were periodically collected from the compartments to determine SVWC using the gravimetric method. SVWC measured by the sensors was compared with that determined by the gravimetric method. The SVWC readings from the sensors had a linear regression relationship with the gravimetric SVWC (r2 = 0.82). This relationship was used to calibrate the sensor readings. The SVWC and SWP sensors could detect the general trend of soil moisture changes. However, their measurements varied significantly among the sensors. To obtain accurate absolute soil moisture measurements, the sensors require individual and soil-specific calibration. The 5TM, MPS-2, and 200TS sensors performed well in soil temperature measurement tests. Individual temperature readings from these sensors were very close to the mean of all sensor readings. Keywords: Irrigation, Sensors, Soil types, Soil water content, Soil water potential.
Microwave Soil Treatment Increases Soil Nitrogen Supply for Sustained Wheat Productivity
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jamal , Brodie Graham Ian , Gupta Dorin , He Jizheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Herbicide-resistant weeds have prompted the development and adoption of new non-chemical weed management technologies for sustainable food production. Considering this, pre-sowing microwave (MW) soil treatment has potential to reduce weed pressure in no-till farming systems. However, the effects of this transient heat disturbance on the soil nutrient profile and on the uptake and accumulation of nutrients in plant biomass warrant further study. In this study, we examined the effect of MW soil treatment on the recovery and accumulation of nitrogen (N) in wheat dry biomass using a 15N pool dilution technique over two years. Further, temporal changes in wheat yields were assessed by running sequential residual trials. The pre-sowing MW treatment achieved a temperature of 75°C to 85°C. MW soil heating increased the dry biomass and grain yields of the wheat crop over two years of study regardless of the initial N application. Furthermore, MW soil treatment did not significantly increase the N derived from fertilizer (Ndff, %). The maximum Ndff achieved for the untreated control soils at the higher N dose was 13%, while it was only 8% for the MW-treated soil. Despite this, the total N accumulation in the dry biomass increased by 17% because of MW soil heating, compared to the untreated control soils, revealing the uptake of N from indigenous sources. Consequently, the grain yield supported by indigenous soil N was significantly higher with MW soil treatment at 160, 440, and 740 days after heating. In summary, MW soil treatment appeared to be effective for sustaining the soil fertility over the long term, regardless of initial labeled N application. Keywords: Long-lasting effect, Microwave energy, Nitrogen accumulation, Soil temperature, Wheat yields.
Investigation of wrestling referees’ family and occupational problems have experienced in their lives<p>Güreş hakemlerinin aile ve meslek hayatlarında karşılaşmış oldukları problemlerin incelenmesi
Authors: Küçükibiş Hüseyin Fatih , Gül Mehmet , Şahin Süleyman 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate family and occupational problems faced by wrestling referees who serving actively at national and international levels in 2018-2019 season. Research group who serving in the national and international levels and a total of 148 wrestling referees constitute in various areas (public, private, other) in Turkey Wrestling Federation 2018-2019 season. Two data collection tools were used in the study. “Personal Information Form” which is five items was used in order to determine the demographic characteristics of the wrestling referees. The second scale is “Social Status Scale for Referees” developed by Albayrak et al. (2012) was used. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach Alpha) was examined in order to determine the suitability of the scale to the wrestling referees. and the alpha coefficient was found to be 0.77. In the analysis of the data, percentage (%), frequency, mean and standard deviation values were used. According to the findings, the majority of the referees were married (81,1%) and civil servant (87,2%). It was determined that the referees had an average level of family and occupational life (Mean = 2.65 ± 0.798). In order to increase the performance of the referees, it is recommended to take steps to eliminate these problems.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada amaç, 2018-2019 sezonunda aktif olarak ulusal ve uluslararası seviyede görev yapan güreş hakemlerinin aile ve meslek yaşantılarında karşılaşmış oldukları problemleri incelemektir. Araştırma grubunu, 2018-2019 sezonunda Türkiye Güreş Federasyonuna bağlı ulusal ve uluslararası seviyede görev yapan ve çeşitli alanlarda (kamu, özel sektör, diğer) çalışan toplam 148 güreş hakemi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada iki adet veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Birincisinde hakemlerin demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla beş maddelik “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve ikincisinde ise Albayrak ve arkadaşları (2012) tarafından geliştirilen “Hakemler İçin Sosyal Durum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin güreş hakemlerine uygunluğu belirlemek amacıyla iç tutarlılık katsayısına (Cronbach Alpha)’na bakılmıştır ve alpha katsayısı 0.77 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde yüzde(%), frekans, ortalama ve standart sapma değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında hakemlerinin çoğunluğunun evli (%81,1) ve kamu personeli (%87,2) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hakemlerin aile ve meslek hayatlarında ortalama seviyede (Ort=2,65±0,798) problem yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Hakemlerin performanslarının artırılması için bu sorunların ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik adımlar atılması önerilmektedir.
KONTRIBUSI USAHATANI BUNGA KRISAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI KECAMATAN BANDUNGAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Maghfira Astari , Setiadi Agus , Ekowati Titik 
Published: March 2019

Usahatani umumnya dijadikan sebagai sumber pendapatan utama rumah tangga tani. Namun proporsi pendapatan usahatani dalam pendapatan total rumah tangga tani mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi usahatani bunga krisan pada pendapatan rumah tangga petani. Metode penelitian ini memakai metode survai. Penelitian ini telah dilakkukan pada 40 responden rumah tangga petani bunga krisan di Desa Duren dan Desa Kenteng secara snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pendapatan bunga krisan satu musim tanam sebesar Rp 8.311.492. 2) Profitabilitas usahatani bunga krisan bernilai 86,03%. 3) Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan bunga krisan dengan rata-rata pendapatan lain diluar usahatani bunga krisan dalam total pendapatan rumah tangga tani. 4) Kontribusi pendapatan usahatani bunga krisan terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangga petani yaitu sebesar 59,34%.Kata Kunci: bunga krisan; kontribusi; pendapatan; usahatani; rumah tangga tani
STUDI KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN STIMULANSIA SISTEM CAIR DAN GAS GUNA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KARET DI PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Riyadi Septaka T , Anwar Syaiful , Roessali Wiludjeng 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKPenghalang utama dalam pengembangan karet alam (Hevea brasiliensis) adalah tingkat produktivitas lahan karet yang masih rendah. Produktivitas tanaman sangat dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan produktivitas karet alam dengan penggunaan teknologi stimulant cair dengan stimulant gas dan menganalisis kelayakan finansial penerapan teknologi pada tanaman karet. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive di Kebun Kawung, Kabupaten Cilacap seluas 94,5 ha dengan penggunaan stimulansia gas dan penggunaan stimulansia cair pada kebun di Balong Kabupaten Jepara seluas 80,7 ha. Data teknis dan ekonomi merupakan data dalam kurun waktu Januari sampai dengan Desember 2016. Analisis uji beda dilakukan pada produksi dan produktivitas lahan karet dan analisis kelayakan finansial meliputi payback period, net B/C, NPV dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas lahan dan produktivitas per penyadap sistem stimulansia gas (Latene) nyata lebih tinggi daripada sistem stimulansia cair (scrapping). Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial eksploitasi karet per ha menunjukkan nilai NPV sistem scrapping lebih rendah dibandingkan system gas, Nilai IRR sistem scrapping (42.48%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan system gas (22,91%). Net B/C Ratio pada sistem scrapping menunjukkan nilai yang sama sebesar 2,39. Pengembalian dana investasi diperlukan waktu (payback period) 11 hari pada sistem scrapping lebih pendek dibandingkan sistem gas yaitu 3 bulan 9 hari. Secara finansial penggunaan teknologi stimulan gasmenghasilkan pendapatan lebih tinggi dibandingkan stimulan cair pada tingkat bunga 15%.Kata kunci: gas; finansial; karet; scrapping; stimulansia
DAYA KEKUATAN TAWAR MENAWAR PENGUSAHA SLONDOK DI DESA SUMURARUM KECAMATAN GRABAG KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Authors: Manimabi Ruth , Priyanto Sony Heru , Nadapdap Hendrik Johanes 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT- This study aims to examine the external environment of slondok companies related to bargaining power used by slondok entrepreneurs with 2 Porter powers, namely bargaining power of buyers and suppliers as well as alternative strategies used by slondok entrepreneurs in increasing bargaining power of slondok. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The research method used is case study. The data used are primary and secondary data. Methods of data collection by interview. Participant selection technique with purposive sampling. Validity test and reliability test using source triangulation. Based on the results of research related to the strength of Porter in slondok company shows that the bargaining power of buyers is high, the bargaining power of the suppliers is as well as the alternative strategy applied is Porter's generic strategy. Kata kunci-agroindustri; industri kecil; kekuatan Porter; strategi generik
Wearable Computing im Betrieb gestalten
Authors: Evers Maren , Krzywdzinski Martin , Pfeiffer Sabine 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Wearables (beispielsweise Datenbrillen und Smartwatches) sind ein besonders sichtbares Element von Industrie-4.0-Anwendungen. Sie sollen situationsgerechte Informationen zur Verfügung stellen, können aber zugleich auch Daten über den Arbeitsprozess – und teils sogar über Bewegungsmuster und Vitalfunktionen der Beschäftigten – generieren. Die Wearable-Technologie ist in einem frühen Entwicklungsstadium, in dem die Interessen und Sichtweisen der relevanten Akteure, vor allem der Technikentwickler und des Managements möglicher Anwendungsunternehmen von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Rolle der Lösungsentwickler und ihr Verständnis von Arbeit und den Arbeitsprozessen, in denen Wearables eingesetzt werden sollen. Er beruht auf leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Lösungsentwicklern. Gezeigt wird ein ambivalentes Verständnis von Arbeit: Auf der einen Seite dominiert die Wahrnehmung menschlicher Arbeitskräfte als potenzielle Fehlerquellen und die Fokussierung auf die Optimierung einzelner Arbeitsplätze und ihrer Ergonomie, während übergreifende Fragen der Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitsorganisation ausgeblendet werden. Auf der anderen Seite werden die Potenziale und Gefahren der Wearable-Technologien im Hinblick auf Individualisierung, Datenschutz und Kontrolle differenziert gesehen und diskutiert.
Verhandlung ohne Gegenüber
Authors: Scheuplein Christoph 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss von Private-EquityGesellschaften auf die Corporate Governance und die betriebliche Mitbestimmung in Deutschland. Hierzu wurde ein größeres Sample von Betriebsräten aus Unternehmen der Automobilzulieferindustrie befragt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Beteiligungsgesellschaften die Corporate Governance verändern, indem sie in die Entscheidungsstrukturen der Unternehmen eingreifen und informelle Interaktionsstrukturen der Sozialpartner auflösen. Die unternehmerische Koordination wird stark über finanzwirtschaftliche Kennzahlen gesteuert und der Umgang mit der Arbeitnehmerseite verrechtlicht. Für die Betriebsräte verringern sich die Möglichkeiten der Kompromissbildung im Unternehmen und erhöht sich das Anforderungsprofil ihrer Arbeit.
Global well-posedness and temporal decay estimates to the fractional Cahn–Hilliard equation in ℝN\mathbb{R}^{N}
Authors: Duan Ning , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to study the global well-posedness of solutions for the Cauchy problem of the fractional Cahn–Hilliard equation in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

(

N
∈

ℕ
+

{N\in\mathbb{N}^{+}}

), provided that the initial datum is sufficiently small. In addition, the

L
p

{L^{p}}

-norm (

1
≤
p
≤
∞

{1\leq p\leq\infty}

) temporal decay rate for weak solutions and the higher-order derivative of solutions are also studied.
A Joint Poisson State-Space Modelling Approach to Analysis of Binomial Series with Random Cluster Sizes
Authors: Yan Guohua , Ma Renjun , Tariqul Hasan M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Serially correlation binomial data with random cluster sizes occur frequently in environmental and health studies. Such data series have traditionally been analyzed using binomial state-space or hidden Markov models without appropriately accounting for the randomness in the cluster sizes. To characterize correlation and extra-variation arising from the random cluster sizes properly, we introduce a joint Poisson state-space modelling approach to analysis of binomial series with random cluster sizes. This approach enables us to model the marginal counts and binomial proportions simultaneously. An optimal estimation of our model has been developed using the orthodox best linear unbiased predictors. This estimation method is computationally efficient and robust since it depends only on the first- and second- moment assumptions of unobserved random effects. Our proposed approach is illustrated with analysis of birth delivery data.
Reduction Behavior and Mechanism of Iron Ore in Molten Iron in the Process of Converter Steelmaking
Authors: Nanyang Deng , Di Zhou , Rufei Wei , Aijun Deng , Yunjin Xia , Dingdong Fan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractXRD and SEM methods were applied to the reduction behavior and mechanism of iron ore in molten iron at temperatures of 1400 °C, 1450 °C, and 1500 °C. The results showed that iron ore could be reduced by carbon in molten iron. When the reduction of iron oxide occurred at the reaction interface, carbon in the molten iron was affected by the concentration gradient. This promoted reduction and the reduction effect improved with increase in reaction temperature. After the carbon in the molten iron almost disappeared, the surfaces of the iron ore and molten iron exhibited oxidizing atmospheres causing different degrees of oxidation of the reduced metal iron and molten iron at 1500 °C. Through analysis of the reduction mechanism of iron ore, it was known that the maximum reaction activation energy during gas phase diffusion was 1612.1 kJ/mol, which restricts the iron ore reduction reaction. At low temperatures, the diffusion of gaseous products in solid-liquid is difficult. Increasing the temperature and stirring accelerate the reduction reaction while increasing gas diffusion.
Free coarse groups
Authors: Protasov Igor , Protasova Ksenia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A coarse group is a group endowed with a coarse structure so that the group multiplication and inversion are coarse mappings.
Let

(
X
,
ℰ
)

{(X,\mathcal{E})}

be a coarse space, and let

𝔐

{\mathfrak{M}}

be a variety of groups different from the variety of singletons.
We prove that there is a coarse group

F
𝔐

⁢

(
X
,
ℰ
)

∈
𝔐

{F_{\mathfrak{M}}(X,\mathcal{E})\in\mathfrak{M}}

such that

(
X
,
ℰ
)

{(X,\mathcal{E})}

is a subspace of

F
𝔐

⁢

(
X
,
ℰ
)

{F_{\mathfrak{M}}(X,\mathcal{E})}

, X generates

F
𝔐

⁢

(
X
,
ℰ
)

{F_{\mathfrak{M}}(X,\mathcal{E})}

and every coarse mapping

(
X
,
ℰ
)

→

(
G
,

ℰ
′

)

{(X,\mathcal{E})\to(G,\mathcal{E}^{\prime})}

, where

G
∈
𝔐

{G\in\mathfrak{M}}

,

(
G
,

ℰ
′

)

{(G,\mathcal{E}^{\prime})}

is a coarse group, can be extended to coarse homomorphism

F
𝔐

⁢

(
X
,
ℰ
)

→

(
G
,

ℰ
′

)

{F_{\mathfrak{M}}(X,\mathcal{E})\to(G,\mathcal{E}^{\prime})}

.
If

𝔐

{\mathfrak{M}}

is the variety of all groups, the groups

F
𝔐

⁢

(
X
,
ℰ
)

{F_{\mathfrak{M}}(X,\mathcal{E})}

are asymptotic counterparts of Markov free topological groups over Tikhonov spaces.
The generalized Fermat Conjecture
Authors: García-Máynez Adalberto , Gary Margarita , Acosta Adolfo Pimienta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
If a, b, c are non-zero integers, we considerer the following problem: for which values of n the line ax + by + cz = 0 may be tangent to the curve xn
+ yn
= zn
?
We give a partial solution: if n = 5 or if n – 1 is a prime a number, then the answer is the line cannot be tangent to the curve. This problem is strongly related to Fermat’ s Last Theorem.
The class of all semigroups related to semihypergroups of order 2
Authors: Worawiset Somnuek , Koppitz Jörg , Chotchaisthit Somchit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with semihypergroups of order two from the point of view of the model theory. We use basic knowledge to show that there are exactly 17 non-isomorphic semihypergroups of order two. Each of them corresponds in a canonical way to a semigroup of order three. We classify all of them by generalized identities a concept introduced by Lyapin. In particular, we classify all non-group semigroups of order three by one generalized identity.
Criterion for the weak potency of certain HNN extensions
Authors: Asri M. S. M. , Bin Wong Kok , Choon Wong Peng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we shall establish a criterion for the weak potency of certain HNN extensions of weakly potent groups. Then, using this criterion, we shall prove certain HNN extensions of weakly potent group with finite subgroup, infinite cyclic subgroup, direct product of an infinite subgroup and a finite subgroup, or finite extensions of a central subgroup as the associated subgroups are again weakly potent.
Fekete Szegö theorem for a close-to-convex error function
Authors: Ramachandran C. , Kavitha D. , Ul-Haq Wasim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
By motivating the result of Ramachandran et al. [Certain results on q-starlike and q-convex error functions, Math. Slovaca, 68(2) (2018), 361–368], in this present investigation we derive the classical Fekete Szegö theorem for a close-to-convex error function of order β and the sharp estimates also obtained for real μ.
Bounds for distance between eigenvalues of boundary value problems with retarded argument
Authors: Şen Erdoğan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this study we are concerned with spectrum of boundary value problems with retarded argument with discontinuous weight function, two supplementary transmission conditions at the point of discontinuity, spectral and physical parameters in the boundary condition and we obtain bounds for the distance between eigenvalues. We extend and generalize some approaches and results of the classical regular and discontinuous Sturm-Liouville problems. In the special case that ω (x) ≡ 1, the transmission coefficients γ
1 = δ
1, γ
2 = δ
2 and retarded argument Δ ≡ 0 in the results obtained in this work coincide with corresponding results in the classical Sturm-Liouville operator.
Gradient estimates for a nonlinear heat equation under the Finsler-Ricci flow
Authors: Zeng Fanqi , He Qun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper considers a compact Finsler manifold (Mn
, F(t), m) evolving under the Finsler-Ricci flow and establishes global gradient estimates for positive solutions of the following nonlinear heat equation:

∂

t

u
=

Δ

m

u
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\partial_{t}u=\Delta_{m} u,
\end{array} $$

where Δ
m
is the Finsler-Laplacian. As applications, several Harnack inequalities are obtained.
Example of C-rigid polytopes which are not B-rigid
Authors: Choi Suyoung , Park Kyoungsuk 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A simple polytope P is said to be B-rigid if its combinatorial structure is characterized by its Tor-algebra, and is said to be C-rigid if its combinatorial structure is characterized by the cohomology ring of a quasitoric manifold over P. It is known that a B-rigid simple polytope is C-rigid. In this paper, we show that the B-rigidity is not equivalent to the C-rigidity.
A note on discrete C-embedded subspaces
Authors: Namdari Mehrdad , Siavoshi Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
It is shown that in some non-discrete topological spaces, discrete subspaces with certain cardinality are C-embedded. In particular, this generalizes the well-known fact that every countable subset of P-spaces are C-embedded. In the presence of the measurable cardinals, we observe that if X is a discrete space then every subspace of υ X (i.e., the Hewitt realcompactification of X) whose cardinal is nonmeasurable, is a C-embedded, discrete realcompact subspace of υ X. This generalizes the well-known fact that the discrete spaces with nonmeasurable cardinal are realcompact.
Dimensions of Peircean diagrammaticality
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Taking its point of departure in the origin of the notions of “diagram” and “iconicity” in Peirce’s philosophy of logic, this paper reviews and discusses a series of dimensions along which such diagrams may be compared, measured and subdivided: diagrams versus images and metaphors, operational versus optimal iconicity in diagrams, diagram tokens versus diagram types, diagrams as general signs; corollarial versus theorematic diagram reasoning; pure versus applied diagrams; logic diagrams versus diagrams facilitating logical inferences; continuous versus discontinuous diagrams; diagrams in non-deductive reasoning. Most of these developments occur in the mature Peirce after the turn of the century and thus form an important part of his mature semiotics – yet, they do not relate in any simple or straight-forward manner to his attempts at enlarging his combinatorial semiotics from its bases in the three-trichotomy theory of the 1903 Syllabus over the six-trichotomy theory of 1904–1906 to the sketchlike ten-trichotomy version of 1908, where diagrams rarely figure in the names of sign-types discussed – why?