bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Another face Of DMSO: Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the pluripotency and differentiation capacity of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yi JunKoo , Ha Jae-Jung , Kim Dae-Hyun , Ryoo Zae-Young , Kim Sung-Hyun , Kim Myoung-Ok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) go through self-renewal in the existence of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF is add to the mouse stem cells culture medium, and its removal results in fast differentiation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most general used solvents in drug test. Methods We exposed 4-day mESC cultures to different concentrations of DMSO (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) to identify the safest dose exhibiting efficacy as a solvent. mESCs grown under general pluripotency conditions in the absence of LIF were treated with DMSO. In addition, as a control for differentiation, mESCs were grown absence of LIF.Results DMSO downregulated the mRNA expression level of pluripotency markers. Moreover, DMSO reduced the mRNA expression levels of ectodermal marker (β-tubulin3) and a mesodermal marker (Hand1) and endodermal markers (Foxa2 and Sox17) in mESCs. These results indicate that DMSO treatment enhances the pluripotency and disrupts the differentiation of mESCs. We also show that members of the Tet oncogene family are critical to inhibiting the differentiation and methylation of mESCs. Conclusion DMSO is appropriate to sustain the pluripotency of mESCs in the absence of LIF, and that mESCs can be sustained in an undifferentiated state using DMSO. Therefore, DMSO may, in part, function as a substitute for LIF.
The effect of steroid hormone on the expression of the calcium-processing proteins in the immature rat brain
Authors: Park Seon Young , Yoo Yeong-Min , Jung Eui-Man , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The cytosolic calcium concentration is regulated by calcium-processing proteins such as transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1). Those calcium-processing proteins are important for physiological functions in the brain. The effects of steroid hormones on calcium-processing protein expressions in the brains are unknown. Thus, the effects of steroid hormones on the distribution, localization, and expressions of calcium-processing proteins in the brain were analyzed. Immature female rats were injected with estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), dexamethasone (DEX), and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and RU486).Results We found that TRPV5 and TRPV6 proteins were highly expressed in the cerebral cortex (CT), hypothalamus (HY), and brain stem (BS) compared to that in the olfactory bulb (OB) and cerebellum (CB). Also, the NCX1 protein was highly expressed in CT and BS compared to that in OB, HY, and CB, and PMCA1 protein was highly expressed in CT compared to that in other brain regions. Furthermore, expression levels of TRPV5, TRPV6, NCX1, and PMCA1 proteins were regulated by E2, P4, and/or DEX in the CT and HY. In summary, calcium-processing proteins are widely expressed in the immature rat brain, and expressions of calcium-processing proteins in CT and HY are regulated by E2, P4, and/or DEX and can be recovered by antagonist treatment.Conclusion These results indicate that steroid hormone regulation of TRPV5, TRPV6, NCX1, and PMCA1 proteins may serve as a critical regulator of cytosolic calcium absorption and release in the brain.
Exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus type 2 related to ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Romania: prevalence, anatomical forms, pathological description, immunophenotyping and virus identification
Authors: Toma Corina , Bâlteanu Valentin , Tripon Septiumiu , Trifa Adrian , Rema Alexandra , Amorim Irina , Pop Raluca Maria , Popa Roxana , Catoi Cornel , Taulescu Marian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a neoplastic disease caused by exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). The prevalence of JSRV-related OPA in Eastern European countries, including Romania is unknown. We aimed to investigate: the prevalence and morphological features of OPA (classical and atypical forms) in Romania, the immunophenotype of the pulmonary tumors and their relationships with exJSRV infection. Lung tumors from 28 slaughtered adult sheep and 6 necropsied individuals were grossly evaluated. Cytology, histology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA testing were subsequently performed. Out of 2693 examined sheep, 34 had OPA (1.26% prevalence). The diaphragmatic lobe was the most affected. Grossly, the classical OPA was identified in 88.24% of investigated cases and the atypical OPA in 11.76% that included solitary myxomatous nodules. Histopathology results confirmed the presence of OPA in all suspected cases, which were classified into acinar and papillary types. Myxoid growths (MGs) were diagnosed in 6 classical OPA cases and in 2 cases of atypical form. JSRV-MA was identified by IHC (94.11%) in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of OPA. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy also confirmed the JSRV within the neoplastic cells. Adenocarcinoma was positive for MCK and TTF-1, and MGs showed immunoreaction for Vimentin, Desmin and SMA; Ki67 expression of classical OPA was higher than atypical OPA and MGs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the exJSRV type 2 in Romanian sheep affected by lung cancer and showed a high similarity with the UK strain (AF105220.1), confirming exJSRV2 for the first time in Romania. Additionally, we described the first report of atypical OPA in Romania, and to the best of our knowledge, in Eastern Europe. Finally, we showed that MGs have a myofibroblastic origin.
Total Pancreatectomy is as Feasible and Safe as Pancreatico-duodenectomy
Authors: Ben-Ishay Offir , Zhaya Reem Abu , Kluger Yoram 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background For many years total pancreatectomy (TP) had a notorious reputation due to the resulting brittle diabetes and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, recent evidence suggests otherwise. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the comparative perioperative results of TP and pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD).Methods The current study is a single center retrospective, case control study comparing the peri-operative outcomes of TP and PD over a period of 7 years for malignant and benign diseases of the pancreas. Primary and secondary measures of outcome were peri-operative mortality and morbidity respectively.Results 214 patients underwent pancreatic resection during the study period of which 35 patients underwent TP and 179 patients underwent PD. The two groups were homogenous in terms of demographics and clinical presentation. Mortality was not different between TP and PD and stands on 2.9% and 5% respectively (p-0.58). Overall complication rate was significantly lower in the TP group (17.1% vs. 55%, p<0.001) and the rate of major complications (Dindo-Clavien >3) was lower but did not reach statistical significance (2.9% vs. 11.2%, p-0.13).Conclusions Our study suggests that total pancreatectomy is not only feasible and safe, it might have better perioperative outcomes than PD with same mortality and reduced overall complication rate.
Impact of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus susceptibility: A pooled analysis
Authors: Yang Shi-kun , Liu Na , Zhu Ying-qiu , Zhang Wei-juan , Song Na , Yang Jin-ping , Zhang Hao , Gui Ming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is still unclear whether there was an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This meta analysis including 19 studies were performed using Stata software. In our analysis, VDR ApaI polymorphism was correlated with SLE susceptibility in general populations (AA vs aa: P=0.003; AA+Aa vs aa: P=0.000). VDR gene ApaI and BsmI polymorphism were correlated with SLE susceptibility in Caucasian populations (BB vs Bb+bb: p=0.005; B vs b: P=0.026; AA vs aa: P =0.038). VDR BsmI and FokI polymorphism were correlated with SLE in African populations (BB+Bb vs bb: P=0.000; FF vs Ff +ff: P=0.000; F vs f: P=0.000; FF vs ff: P=0.000; FF+Ff vs ff: P=0.000). VDR ApaI polymorphism was correlated with SLE in Asian populations (AA+Aa vs aa) when stratified by race. Additionly, ApaI polymorphism was correlated with SLE in female subjects (AA vs aa: P =0.022) when stratified by gender. But there was no association between VDR TaqI polymorphism and SLE susceptibility in our analysis.
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers in Minimizing Nitrogen Losses in Irrigated Russet Potato
Authors: Ghosh Upasana , Chatterjee Amitava , Hatterman‐Valenti Harlene 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers significantly reduced cumulative N2O emission compared with urea.
Volatilization loss was lower with determinate than indeterminate cultivar.
SuperU application lead to higher soil N after harvest.
Environmentally Smart N can be a potential alternative to urea to increase N use efficiency.
Fertilizer‐N can be lost through ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Inkster, ND, to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) in reducing N losses over urea alone in an irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production system. Research and fertilizer‐N recommendation for potato were mostly restricted to Russet Burbank; it is critical to understand N dynamics of newly released cultivars. Two EEFs (SuperU and Environmentally Smart Nitrogen [ESN]) at a rate of 280 kg N ha−1, urea at a rate of 225 kg and 280 kg N ha−1, and Growers’ standard (10–34–0 and urea and urea ammonium nitrate in split) at a rate of 280 kg N ha−1 were applied as N treatments in three russet potato cultivars (Russet Burbank, Dakota Trailblazer, and ND8068‐5 Russ). Urea at 280 kg N ha−1 had the highest NH3 volatilization and was significantly higher than SuperU and ESN for Russet Burbank and Trailblazer for both years. Both EEFs reduced N2O emission compared with urea in both years, but SuperU was more efficient than ESN. Residual NO3–N was highest with SuperU both years. Residual soil NO3–N concentration of 120 cm depth with ND8068‐5 Russ were significantly higher compared with Russet Burbank in both growing seasons. Application of EEFs might have the potential to reduce N losses under irrigated late‐planted russet potatoes.
In Situ Cotton Leaf Area Index by Height Using Three‐Dimensional Point Clouds
Authors: Dube Nothabo , Bryant Benjamin , Sari‐Sarraf Hamed , Kelly Brendan , Martin Clyde F. , Deb Sanjit , Ritchie Glen L. 
Published: October 2019

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) high‐throughput crop phenotyping may benefit plant research and breeding programs by providing a rapid, nondestructive method of determining in‐season crop growth and development. In this study, a set of three inexpensive, structured, near‐infrared laser projectors mounted on a robotic platform were used to generate high‐density color point clouds (PCs) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in 2016 and 2017. The PCs were calibrated based on destructive leaf area measurements, and the transformed PCs were analyzed to quantify leaf area by canopy height in 1‐cm intervals. We conducted weekly scans of 8‐m plots throughout the growing season for two cotton cultivars and two irrigation treatments during the 2 yr. The calibrated PCs were used to accurately measure leaf area index and leaf area index by canopy height. The analysis of leaf area distribution throughout the growing season indicated significant cultivar and irrigation effects by canopy height as well as significant interactions between cultivar and irrigation. Based on the results, it is possible to use a 3‐D sensor system to distinguish growth habits that are not easily measured using traditional growth measurements. The information obtained from 3‐D measurements may provide additional information about several canopy characteristics that are currently difficult to measure, including radiation capture parameters and biomass partitioning.Core Ideas

Leaf area index (LAI) has not traditionally been separated in plants by height.
Three‐dimensional sensing was used to accurately measure LAI by height in cotton.
Cotton cultivar, irrigation, and growth stage measurably affected LAI by height.
Three‐dimensional sensing may complement measures of radiation capture and other spatial factors.
Basis of Atrazine and Mesotrione Synergism for Controlling Atrazine‐ and HPPD Inhibitor‐Resistant Palmer Amaranth
Authors: Chahal Parminder S. , Jugulam Mithila , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: October 2019

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) resistant to atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N’‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine2,4‐diamine] and 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibiting herbicides was confirmed in a seed corn (Zea mays L.) production field in Nebraska, in 2014. Neither atrazine nor HPPD inhibitors (mesotrione [2‐(4‐mesyl2‐nitrobenzoyl)‐3‐hydroxycylohex‐2‐enone], tembotrione {2‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐3‐[(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy) methyl]benzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione}, or topramezone {[3‐(4,5‐dihydro‐3‐isoxazolyl)‐2‐methyl‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl](5‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methanone}) applied post‐emergence were able to control resistant Palmer amaranth even at greater than label rates. However, their tank mixtures even at lower than the label rate provided more than 90% control under greenhouse and field conditions. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of atrazine on mesotrione absorption and translocation when tank mixed or vice versa in atrazine‐ and HPPD inhibitor‐resistant Palmer amaranth from Nebraska. Tank mixing commercial formulation of atrazine at 560 g ha−1 increased 14C‐mesotrione absorption to 51% compared to 39% with 14C‐mesotrione alone. However, 14C‐atrazine absorption or translocation was not affected by mesotrione at 26 g ha−1 in the tank mixture. Similarly, mesotrione did not affect the metabolism of 14C‐atrazine in resistant or susceptible plants when tank mixed compared to 14C‐atrazine applied alone. Increased absorption of mesotrione when tank mixed with atrazine could be one of the reasons of atrazine and mesotrione synergism besides their biochemical interaction in the atrazine‐ and HPPD inhibitor‐resistant Palmer amaranth biotype from Nebraska.Core Ideas

Atrazine applied in tank‐mixture increased mesotrione absorption.
Mesotrione applied in tank mixture did not affect atrazine absorption and translocation.
Atrazine metabolism was not affected by mesotrione applied in tank mixture.
Water Repellency and Hydrophobicity of Some Major Agricultural Crop Residues
Authors: Miller J.J. , Owen M.L. , Yang X.M. , Drury C.F. , Chanasyk D.S. , Willms W.D. 
Published: October 2019

Water repellency of agricultural crop residues may affect the hydrologic balance and increase runoff loss of pesticides by greater wash off from hydrophobic residue. We conducted a laboratory study to measure water repellency and hydrophobicity of 30 major agricultural crops (grass, legume, cereal, oilseed, pulse, and specialty crops). Crop samples were collected in southern Alberta, Canada in 2017 and 2018. Water repellency (WR) of oven‐dried (60°C) and ground (<2 mm) crop residues was measured using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and molarity of ethanol (MED) tests. Hydrophobicity was evaluated using the ratio of hydrophobic CH– to hydrophilic CO–functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The WDPTs of the 30 agricultural crops ranged from 8.3 to 2438 s, suggesting that crop species influenced WR of the dried and undecomposed residues. Needle‐and‐thread grass (Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr.), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths), and western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) were the most WR crops based on WDPT. Fababean (Vicia faba), mustard (Sinapis alba L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) were the least WR crops. Mean WDPTs were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater for grass than the other four crop types by 23 to 44 times. Significant differences in WDPT occurred among crop species within each of the six crop types. A significant positive correlation occurred between WDPT and hydrophobicity (r = 0.54), but not between WDPT and organic carbon. Overall, crop type and species may influence WR of crop residues and could affect the hydrologic balance.Core Ideas

Agricultural crop species residue influenced water repellency and hydrophobicity
Grass was the most water repellent and hydrophobic crop type
A positive correlation occurred between water repellency and hydrophobicity
The physical morphology of leaves may contribute to water repellency
Water repellency differences also occurred for species within the six crop types
Preanthesis Root Growth and Nitrogen Uptake Improved Wheat Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Authors: Guo Hua , Tian Zhongwei , Sun Shuzhen , Li Yu , Jiang Dong , Cao Weixing , Dai Tingbo 
Published: October 2019

Grain yield and N fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) are closely related to preanthesis root growth and distribution, whereas changes in root morphology and distribution, plants’ N uptake and utilization ability, and their relationships with grain yield and NUE remain unclear. We conducted a 2‐yr microplot and sand culture experiment using three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (N‐efficient, intermediate, and N‐inefficient) to examine differences in grain yield, NUE, root growth, root morphology, root distribution, and nitrate transporter gene (TaNRT) expression. The N‐efficient wheat cultivar increased grain yield and NUE by improving preanthesis N uptake. Root biomass, growth rate, length, surface area, and weight density were higher in the N‐efficient cultivar than in other cultivars at preanthesis. The N‐efficient cultivar distributed more roots throughout the topsoil layer. The TaNRT expression level at preanthesis was higher in the N‐efficient cultivar than in the intermediate cultivar, whereas no significant genotypic difference was observed after anthesis. This result indicates that TaNRT upregulation increased N efficiency through a higher preanthesis N uptake and that TaNRT 1.1 and TaNRT 1.2 played a more important role than TaNRT 2.1 and TaNRT 2.2. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity increased in the N‐efficient cultivar at the preanthesis stage and decreased after anthesis. These results indicate that the N‐efficient wheat cultivar had higher preanthesis root growth and N uptake ability, promoting leaf N assimilation ability and improving wheat yield and NUE.Core Ideas

Yield and N use efficiency were comparable among different N‐efficient wheat cultivars.
The N‐efficient wheat cultivar increased preanthesis N accumulation.
The N‐efficient wheat cultivar showed faster root growth and greater root distribution in the soil.
Exogenous Hormones Affect Bt Protein Content of Two Bt Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Xiang Zhang , Feng Tian Q. , Chen Zhao , Xin Ma Y. , Hua Wei C. , Yuan Chen , Hua Chen D. 
Published: October 2019

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has been widely planted in Asia. However, efficacy of the Bt protein to kill pests has been inconsistent. Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and dimethylpiperidinium chloride (DPC) on boll Bt protein content were investigated on ‘Sikang1’ and ‘Siza3.’ Treatment of DPC increased the Bt protein contents in carpel wall and cotton seed at 10 d after flowering (DAF) and 30 DAF in 2014 and 2015. However, Bt protein contents of the GA3 treatment only at 30 DAF were higher for both cultivars in comparison to the control. To further investigate the mechanism, we found the ability of protein synthesis (indicated by enzyme activities of nitrate reductase [NR], glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase [GPT], and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase [GOT], as well as contents of total nitrogen, free amino acid, and soluble protein) in bolls increased markedly with the application of DPC for both cultivars. Further analysis showed that there were positive linear correlations between Bt protein content and NR, GPT, and GOT activities and total nitrogen and soluble protein contents (r = 0.925∗∗, r = 0.691∗∗, r = 0.703∗∗, r = 0.682∗, r = 0.693∗∗, respectively) in carpel wall of bolls. Thus, DPC is potentially an effective chemical application to increase boll Bt protein content.Core Ideas

Dimethylpiperidinium chloride (DPC) application can bolster boll insect resistance.
Significant linear positive correlation between Bt protein content and ability of synthesis the protein was found in boll shell.
DPC increases Bt protein content through increasing ability of synthesis the protein.
Differential Nitrogen and Water Impacts on Yield and Quality of Wheat Classes
Authors: Bicego Breno , Sapkota Anish , Torrion Jessica A. 
Published: October 2019

High wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and desirable quality must be considered to avoid market price penalty. Wheat classes and genotypes may respond differently to agronomic management and environmental conditions. Our goal was to characterize the yield, protein, test weight, and falling number of four hard red and four soft white spring wheat cultivars randomized within the five N levels over contrasting environments (rainfed and irrigated) in northwestern Montana. One‐third yield reduction from 2016 to 2017 was attributed to heat stress. Irrigation increased both grain yield and test weight. However, falling number was generally higher under rainfed environment, but was also cultivar dependent. ‘Egan,’ ‘McNeal,’ and ‘Alpowa’ falling number values were more resilient to environmental differences than other cultivars. Overall, soft whites had higher yields than hard reds, but with a stronger negative yield to protein relationship. Achieving high yield in hard reds via irrigation did not reduce grain protein in relation to rainfed, except at very low N (2017 control). The cultivar Egan, with Gpc‐B1 gene for higher grain protein, had similar yield to its parent material and to other hard red, though inferior to ‘Vida’ (characterized by extended green leaf duration after heading) under hot and dry conditions. During the less limiting year (2016), the maximum protein was achieved with much less N under irrigated environment compared with rainfed. Soft whites, due to lower grain protein requirement and lack of yield response to N in our study, can be grown with lower N input than hard reds.Core Ideas

Egan (Gpc‐B1 gene cultivar) had superior grain protein with relatively no yield penalty
Vida (stay‐green trait cultivar), Alturas, and UI Stone are more resilient under varied growing conditions and management
Soft white market class had higher grain yield and stronger protein dilution than hard red