bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of human papillomavirus by geographical regions, sexual orientation and HIV status in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaomeng , Wang Qian , Ong Jason J , Fairley Christopher K , Su Shu , Peng Peng , Jing Jun , Wang Linhong , Soe Nyi Nyi , Cheng Feng , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes multiple cancers in both women and men. In China, both HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverages are low. We aim to investigate the temporal and geographical trends of HPV DNA prevalence in heterosexual men, women, men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, collecting publications in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data from January 2000 to May 2017. A total of 247 studies were selected for this meta-analysis to estimate pooled HPV prevalence, incidence of cervical cancer and risk of infection for subgroups. Meta-regression was applied to identify contributing factors to prevalence heterogeneities.ResultsThe national HPV prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI (14.4% to 16.9%)) in women with normal cervical cytology, and Central China had the highest prevalence (20.5% (15.2% to 25.8%)). HPV prevalence in heterosexual men (14.5% (11.3% to 17.7%)) was comparable with that of women (OR=1.09 (0.98 to 1.17)), but HPV prevalence in MSM (59.9% (52.2% to 67.6%)) was significantly higher than that in heterosexual men (OR=8.81 (8.01 to 9.69)). HIV-positive women (45.0% (38.4% to 51.6%)) and HIV-positive MSM (87.5% (82.3% to 90.9%)) had 4.67 (3.61 to 6.03) and 6.46 (5.20 to 8.02) times higher risk of HPV infection than their HIV negative counterparts.ConclusionHPV infection is prevalent in China, particularly in Central China, in comparison with the global level and neighbouring countries. Targeted HPV vaccination for women, MSM and PLHIV and scale-up of cervical screening for women are priorities in curbing the HPV epidemic in China.
Open-slope, translational submarine landslide in a tectonically active volcanic continental margin (Licosa submarine landslide, southern Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Sammartini M. , Camerlenghi A. , Budillon F. , Insinga D. D. , Zgur F. , Conforti A. , Iorio M. , Romeo R. , Tonielli R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The southern Tyrrhenian continental margin is the product of Pliocene–Recent back-arc extension. An area of approximately 30 km
2
of gentle (about 1.5°) lower slope of the last glacial outer shelf sedimentary wedge in water depths of between 200 and 300 m failed between 14 and 11 ka BP. We approached the landslide by multibeam and sub-bottom profiler surveying, high-resolution multichannel seismics, and coring for stratigraphic and geotechnical purposes. With regard to a slope-stability analysis, we carried out an assessment of the stratigraphic and structural setting of the area of the Licosa landslide. This analysis revealed that the landslide detached along a marker bed that was composed of the tephra layer Y-5 (
c.
39 ka). Several previously unknown geological characteristics of the area are likely to have affected the slope stability. These are the basal erosion of the slope in the Licosa Channel, a high sedimentation rate in the sedimentary wedge, earthquake shaking, the volcanic ash nature of the detachment surface, subsurface gas/fluid migration, and lateral porewater flow from the depocentre of wedge to the base of the slope along the high-permeability ash layers. A newly discovered prominent structural discontinuity is identified as the fault whose activity may have triggered the landslide.
KLF4 Mediates the Effect of 5-ASA on the β-Catenin Pathway in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Parenti Sandra , Montorsi Lucia , Fantini Sebastian , Mammoli Fabiana , Gemelli Claudia , Atene Claudio Giacinto , Losi Lorena , Frassineti Chiara , Calabretta Bruno , Tagliafico Enrico , Ferrari Sergio , Zanocco-Marani Tommaso , Grande Alexis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMesalazine (5-ASA) is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug capable of inducing μ-protocadherin, a protein expressed by colorectal epithelial cells that is downregulated upon malignant transformation. Treatment with 5-ASA restores μ-protocadherin expression and promotes the sequestration of β-catenin to the plasma membrane. Here, we show that 5-ASA–induced μ-protocadherin expression is directly regulated by the KLF4 transcription factor. In addition, we suggest the existence of a dual mechanism whereby 5-ASA–mediated β-catenin inhibition is caused by μ-protocadherin–dependent sequestration of β-catenin to the plasma membrane and by the direct binding of KLF4 to β-catenin. In addition, we found that 5-ASA treatment suppresses the expression of miR-130a and miR-135b, which target KLF4 mRNA, raising the possibility that this mechanism is involved in the increased expression of KLF4 induced by 5-ASA. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 503–10. ©2018 AACR.
Deletion of Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Accelerates Atherosclerosis Regression and Increases C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 7 (CCR7) Expression in Plaque Macrophages
Authors: Mueller Paul A. , Zhu Lin , Tavori Hagai , Huynh Katherine , Giunzioni Ilaria , Stafford John M. , Linton MacRae F. , Fazio Sergio 
Published: May 2018

Background:

We previously showed that mice lacking MΦLRP1
-/-
(low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 in macrophages) undergo accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation due to changes in macrophages including increased apoptosis, decreased efferocytosis, and exaggerated transition to the inflammatory M1 phenotype. Here we sought to explore the role of macrophage low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 during regression of atherosclerosis since regressing plaques are characterized by transitioning of macrophages to M2 status as inflammation resolves.

Methods:

Apolipoprotein E
-/-
mice on a high-fat diet for 12 weeks were reconstituted with bone marrow from apolipoprotein E–producing wild-type or MΦLRP1
-/-
mice, and then placed on a chow diet for 10 weeks (n=9 to 11 mice/group). A cohort of apolipoprotein E
-/-
mice reconstituted with apolipoprotein E
-/-
bone marrow served as baseline controls (n=9).

Results:

Plaques of both wild-type and MΦLRP1
-/-
bone marrow recipients regressed compared with controls (11% and 22%, respectively;
P
<0.05), and plaques of MΦLRP1
-/-
recipients were 13% smaller than those of wild-type recipients (
P
<0.05). Recipients of MΦLRP1
-/-
marrow had 36% fewer M1 macrophages (
P
<0.01) and 2.5-fold more CCR7 (C-C chemokine receptor type 7)–positive macrophages in the plaque relative to wild-type mice (
P
<0.01). Additionally, in vivo studies of cellular egress showed a 4.6-fold increase in 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine–labeled CCR7
+
macrophages in mediastinal lymph nodes. Finally, in vivo studies of reverse cholesterol transport showed a 1.4-fold higher reverse cholesterol transport in MΦLRP1
-/-
recipient mice (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Absence of macrophage low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 unexpectedly accelerates atherosclerosis regression, enhances reverse cholesterol transport, and increases expression of the motility receptor CCR7, which drives macrophage egress from lesions.
Does the mass of sample loaded affect faecal haemoglobin concentration using the faecal immunochemical test?
Authors: Piggott Carolyn , John Cerin , Bruce Helen , Benton Sally C 
Published: May 2018

Background Quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for haemoglobin are being used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic populations and are being indicated as a suitable test to rule out CRC in symptomatic populations. Faecal samples are typically collected by patients using a probe attached to the cap of a device which is inserted into a collection device into the preservative buffer, passing through a collar to remove excess sample: this process has potential for pre-analytical error. This study investigates whether faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) results are affected by the mass and method of sample collection. Methods Faecal samples with detectable f-Hb were loaded into collection devices from four manufacturers using increasing masses of sample. The f-Hb in the device buffer was measured using the relevant analyser. The results from the minimum recommended load were compared with results of ‘sample overloading’. Results The variation in the faecal mass added to the probe (overall CVs: EXTEL HEMO AUTO-MC Collection Picker 300%, OC-Auto Sampling Bottle 3 237%, SENTiFIT pierceTube 264%, Specimen Collection Container A 250%), was more than the variation in f-Hb (respective overall CVs: 62%, 35%, 47%, 39%). The mass of faeces added to the probes increased significantly ( P < 0.0001 for all four devices), but the f-Hb did not increase significantly (EXTEL HEMO AUTO-MC Collection Picker P = 0.6820, OC-Auto Sampling Bottle 3 P = 0.9368, SENTiFIT pierceTube P = 0.7551, Specimen Collection Container A P = 0.6864). Conclusion The mass of sample loaded onto the probe did not impact the f-Hb significantly using all four tested devices.
The effect of loneliness on depression: A meta-analysis
Authors: Erzen Evren , Çikrikci Özkan 
Published: May 2018

Background: Negative emotions, which have a common, chronic and recurrent structure, play a vital role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In this study, loneliness as a negative emotion was considered to be a predisposing factor in depression. Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of loneliness on depression. Method: Initially, a literature scan was performed and all related literature was pooled together ( n = 531). Based on scales determined by the researchers, it was decided to include 88 studies in the analysis. This study obtained a sampling group of 40,068 individuals. Results: The results of using a random effects model for analysis showed that loneliness had a moderately significant effect on depression. None of the variables of study sampling group, type of publication and publication year were found to be moderator variables. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, loneliness may be said to be a significant variable affecting depression. The findings obtained are discussed in light of the literature.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in individuals with thoracic insufficiency
Authors: Hancock Shelley , Froehlich Curtis , Armijo-Garcia Veronica , Meyer Andrew D. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality in individuals with congenital spine and rib deformities. We present a case report of a child with Jeune syndrome surviving respiratory failure using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We also summarize thoracic insufficiency syndrome cases reported in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. Case Report: A two-year-old male with a chest circumference less than a third percentile for age was admitted with influenza pneumonia developing a peak oxygenation index of 103.5. The child survived to baseline pulmonary function after nine days of venous-arterial ECMO support. Discussion: The ELSO registry contained 27 individuals with a surrogate diagnosis of thoracic insufficiency (0.05%). There was no significant difference in survival to discharge for thoracic insufficiency patients (52%) compared to a previously healthy population supported with ECMO. Conclusion: ECMO is safe and may be effective in supporting individuals with thoracic insufficiency.
The contribution of occupational therapy to building a dementia-positive community
Authors: Maki Yohko , Endo Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2018

Statement of context In this practice analysis, occupational therapists analysed the difficulties of social instrumental activities of daily living in people with dementia based on examples from their individual practice, and then developed a practical tool to support people with dementia in various settings. Critical reflection on practice People with dementia should be recognised as equal contributors to society. The results of this study can be used as an educational tool for raising awareness of dementia and expanding community support for people living with dementia. Implications for practice Occupational therapists can contribute to building dementia-positive communities, and this will empower people with dementia to reconnect to society.
Parent perspectives of neonatal tele-homecare: A qualitative study
Authors: Garne Holm Kristina , Brødsgaard Anne , Zachariassen Gitte , Smith Anthony C , Clemensen Jane 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Neonatal homecare for preterm infants is a method of supporting families and monitoring infant growth in the home setting. Telehealth may be used to deliver specialist neonatal care remotely, using online communication methods. This study explored parental experiences with neonatal tele-homecare (NTH). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 parents whose preterm infants had received NTH from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Denmark. Interview transcripts were analysed using Malterud’s systematic text condensation. Results Parents experienced NTH as a personalised method for linking to specialist staff in the NICU. NTH promoted the parent’s role as the primary care provider, further strengthening the parent–infant relationship. Discussion From the perspective of parents with preterm infants requiring specialist care, NTH is a useful method of supporting families in the home. Telehealth provides effective communication links with NICU specialists and encourages family-centred care.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict Dietary Lapses During Weight Loss
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie P. , Zhang Fengqing , Thomas John G. , Butryn Meghan L. , Herbert James D. , Forman Evan M. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Individuals who adhere to dietary guidelines provided during weight loss interventions tend to be more successful with weight control. Any deviation from dietary guidelines can be referred to as a “lapse.” There is a growing body of research showing that lapses are predictable using a variety of physiological, environmental, and psychological indicators. With recent technological advancements, it may be possible to assess these triggers and predict dietary lapses in real time. The current study sought to use machine learning techniques to predict lapses and evaluate the utility of combining both group- and individual-level data to enhance lapse prediction. Methods: The current study trained and tested a machine learning algorithm capable of predicting dietary lapses from a behavioral weight loss program among adults with overweight/obesity (n = 12). Participants were asked to follow a weight control diet for 6 weeks and complete ecological momentary assessment (EMA; repeated brief surveys delivered via smartphone) regarding dietary lapses and relevant triggers. Results: WEKA decision trees were used to predict lapses with an accuracy of 0.72 for the group of participants. However, generalization of the group algorithm to each individual was poor, and as such, group- and individual-level data were combined to improve prediction. The findings suggest that 4 weeks of individual data collection is recommended to attain optimal model performance. Conclusions: The predictive algorithm could be utilized to provide in-the-moment interventions to prevent dietary lapses and therefore enhance weight losses. Furthermore, methods in the current study could be translated to other types of health behavior lapses.
Does Iron Supplementation Improve Performance in Iron-Deficient Nonanemic Athletes?
Authors: Rubeor Amity , Goojha Carmen , Manning Jeffrey , White Jordan 
Published: May 2018

Context: Supplementing iron-deficient nonanemic (IDNA) athletes with iron to improve performance is a trend in endurance sports. Objectives: To investigate the benefits of iron on performance, identify a ferritin level cutoff in IDNA athletes, and determine which iron supplementation regimens are most effective. Data Sources: A search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, and Cochrane databases was performed in 2014 including all articles. Citations of pertinent review articles were also searched. In 2017, the search was repeated. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria comprised studies of level 1 to 3 evidence, written in the English language, that researched iron supplementation in nonanemic athletes and reported performance outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The search terms used included athletic performance, resistance training, athletes, physical endurance, iron, iron deficiency, supplement, non-anemic, low ferritin, ferritin, ferritin blood level, athletes, and sports. Results: A total of 1884 studies were identified through the initial database search, and 13 were identified through searching references of relevant review articles. A subsequent database search identified 46 studies. Following exclusions, 12 studies with a total of 283 participants were included. Supplementing IDNA athletes with iron improved performance in 6 studies (146 participants) and did not improve performance in the other 6 studies (137 participants). In the 6 studies that showed improved performance with iron supplementation, all used a ferritin level cutoff of ≤20 μg/L for treatment. Additionally, all studies that showed improved performance used oral iron as a supplement. Conclusion: The evidence is equivocal as to whether iron supplementation in IDNA athletes improves athletic performance. Supplementing athletes with ferritin levels <20 μg/L may be more beneficial than supplementing athletes with higher baseline ferritin levels.
Chondral Delamination of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts after Implantation in the Knee: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rauck Ryan C. , Wang Dean , Tao Matthew , Williams Riley J. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Delamination of the chondral surface of an osteochondral allograft (OCA) from the underlying cancellous bone has been described as a mode of failure after implantation in the knee. Our hypothesis was that increased storage time of the OCA is associated with increased risk of graft delamination after implantation. Methods Prospective data on 13 patients with evidence of OCA delamination identified on magnetic resonance imaging or during subsequent surgery from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed. A cohort of 33 patients without evidence of graft delamination were then matched to the delamination group based on recipient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and chondral defect location. The matched cohort size was established based on a power calculation for determining differences in OCA storage times. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results There was no difference in donor age, donor sex, and graft storage time between groups (30 vs. 31 days, P = 0.78). There were no differences between number of previous ipsilateral knee surgeries (1.8 vs. 0.84, P = 0.26), BMI (26.8 vs. 25.0 kg/m2, P = 0.31), total chondral defect size (6.5 vs. 5.8 cm2, P = 0.41) or preoperative Marx activity scores between groups. Conclusion There is no association between OCA storage time, activity level scores, or number of previous ipsilateral knee surgeries and graft delamination in our patient population. Further work is needed to identify the etiology for this mode of failure of OCAs.
Cardiogenic shock complicating peripartum cardiomyopathy: Importance of early left ventricular unloading and bromocriptine therapy
Authors: Sieweke Jan-Thorben , Pfeffer Tobias Jonathan , Berliner Dominik , König Tobias , Hallbaum Maximiliane , Napp L Christian , Tongers Jörn , Kühn Christian , Schmitto Jan D , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Schäfer Andreas , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Acute peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated by cardiogenic shock is a rare but life-threatening disease. A prolactin fragment is considered causal for the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy. This analysis sought to investigate the role of early percutaneous mechanical circulatory support with micro-axial flow-pumps and/or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in combination with the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating peripartum cardiomyopathy. Methods and results: In this single-centre analysis, five peripartum cardiomyopathy patients with refractory cardiogenic shock received mechanical circulatory support with either Impella CP microaxial pump only ( n=2) or in combination with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( n=3) in the setting of biventricular failure. All patients were mechanically ventilated. In all cases mechanical circulatory support was combined with bromocriptine therapy and early administration of levosimendan. All patients survived the acute phase of refractory cardiogenic shock. Mechanical circulatory support using a micro-axial pump allowed to significantly reduce catecholamine dosage. Remarkably, early left ventricular support with micro-axial flow-pumps resulted in myocardial recovery whereas delayed Impella (mechanical circulatory support) implantation was associated with poor left ventricular recovery. Conclusion: Mechanical circulatory support in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock complicating peripartum cardiomyopathy was associated with a 30-day survival of 100% and a favourable outcome. Notably, early left ventricular unloading combined with bromocriptine therapy was associated with left ventricular recovery. Therefore, an immediate transfer to a tertiary hospital experienced in mechanical circulatory support in combination with bromocriptine treatment seems indispensable for successful treatment of peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated by cardiogenic shock.
The Rockwood classification in acute acromioclavicular joint injury does not correlate with symptoms
Authors: Granville-Chapman J , Torrance E , Rashid A , Funk L 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Rockwood classified acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries by displacement of the joint on radiographs. This classification has driven the management dogma of acute AC dislocation. The correlation between Rockwood grade and symptoms has not been described in acute injury. This study assesses that relationship. Methods: This series included 77 patients with acute AC joint injury (<6 weeks), treated between 2006 and 2015. Objective and patient-reported measures enabled correlation between clinical measures and Rockwood grade. Results: The mean age was 32 years (±11.86; range 17–59 years); 88% were male. Forty-four per cent were professional athletes and 43% suffered injury during rugby. The mean time from injury to presentation was 2 weeks (±1.64; range 0–5 weeks). There was poor correlation between Rockwood classification and pain (visual analogue scale) ( rs = 0.05; p = 0.752). Poor correlation was noted between Rockwood grade and functional deficit (elevation ( rs = 0.18; p = 0.275), abduction ( rs = 0.19; p = 0.246) and strength ( rs = 0.09; p = 0.579) vs. contralateral side). Oxford and Constant scores did not correlate with Rockwood grade ( rs = 0.13; p = 0.972 and 0.01; p = 0.448, respectively). Conclusion: The Rockwood grade does not correlate with clinical symptoms in acute AC joint injury. Previous evidence demonstrates the Rockwood classification’s limitations in predicting the structures injured. Therefore, the reliability of using the Rockwood grade as a decision-making tool in the management of acute AC joint dislocation is unclear.