bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting the dots: NETosis and the periodontitis‐rheumatoid arthritis nexus
Authors: Shahbaz Maliha , Al‐Maleki Anis Rageh , Cheah Chia Wei , Aziz Jazli , Bartold Peter Mark , Vaithilingam Rathna Devi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis (PD) is characterized by the host's inflammatory responses to microbial dental biofilm dysbiosis, potentially resulting in tooth loss if left untreated. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease leading to synovial inflammation and destruction of joint cartilage and bone. The suggested association between PD and RA is based on the potential of chronic inflammation present in periodontitis, which could induce alterations in proteins through post‐translational modifications, leading to the formation of citrullinated and carbamylated protein antigens. Antibodies directed against these antigens can serve as biomarkers for the underlying immunological processes in RA. Recent studies have also focused on bacterial proteolytic enzymes released from PD‐associated bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which are also sources of these antibodies. Chronic inflammation in PD causes increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon‐α, interleukins‐6 and 8, tumor necrosis factor‐α) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The oral microbiota in PD is also associated with the release of NETs (a process known as NETosis). Elevated NET levels are a source of citrullinated and carbamylated proteins which highlights their role in an individual's risk of developing RA (pre‐RA individuals) and the progression of chronic RA. This narrative review describes periodontitis and the dysbiotic subgingival microbiota and its role in NETosis as risk factors for inducing early RA and the prospects of identifying pre‐RA individuals and seronegative RA patients with these risk factors.
Past and recent drivers of extinction risk in endemic New Zealand birds
Authors: Garcia‐R J. C. , Cimatti M. , Di Marco M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLand‐cover change is a major driver of species extinction risk and the overarching loss of biodiversity. However, the impact of such change is nuanced, varying among species due to the mediation of life‐history traits and the timing of land transformation. While diverse studies have pinpointed ecological and life‐history attributes linked to the decline of bird species, the combined effects of past and recent land‐cover change often present a complex picture. In this study, we undertook a modelling approach to assess extinction risk in New Zealand's endemic birds based on life‐history traits and past (1996–2008) and recent (2008–2018) land‐cover change. Our results suggested specific variables driving extinction risk in endemic New Zealand birds. Notably, incubation length emerged as the most influential factor, trailed by past land‐cover change, body size and clutch size. This indicates that past land‐cover change in combination with large body sizes and slow life histories, characterized by low fecundity and extended incubation periods, collectively elevates the extinction risk of endemic birds in New Zealand. These results shed light on the conservation priorities for species with specific biological traits potentially exposed to the negative effects of land‐cover change.
Implementation of trans‐cystic biliary stenting during acute cholecystectomy to facilitate elective ERCP: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Bull Nicholas , Ashton Prue , Sutherland Aleisha , Brown Lisa , Thomson Benjamin , Loveday Benjamin P. T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundA predominantly endoscopic approach for acute admissions with choledocholithiasis with a gallbladder in situ (CGIS) resulted in prolonged hospital length of stay due to delays at investigation and treatment junctures. We initiated a quality improvement program of trans‐cystic biliary stenting to facilitate efficient patient progress to acute cholecystectomy and outpatient ERCP if required.MethodsWe utilized implementation frameworks with regular re‐assessment for this quality improvement project. Patients who required both ERCP and cholecystectomy for management of CGIS were identified for comparison of total length of stay before and after implementation. The outcomes for stent insertion and ERCP were also collected for analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three trans‐cystic stents were attempted with 22 inserted successfully. The median total length of stay for all patients requiring both ERCP and cholecystectomy for management of CGIS was shorter compared to 6 months prior to implementation (5 days (range 3–18) vs. 6 days (range 5–17); P = 0.009). The median stenting time was 14 min (range 9–48). After stent insertion, more ERCPs were performed as day‐only outpatient cases (20/23 (87.0%) vs. 6/44 (13.6%) P < 0.001). The rate of pancreatic duct wire cannulation at ERCP was also lower (1/23 (4.3%) vs. 18/44 (40.9%); P = 0.002). No complications of stent insertion or ERCP were recorded in the study cohort.ConclusionImplementation of trans‐cystic stents can lead to reductions in total hospital length of stay and improve ERCP processes. Our experience suggests that surgical initiatives can be successfully added to routine practice by establishing a project team and applying quality improvement principles.
Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of neurogenic bladder in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Guorong , Shen Nan , Feng Shaoguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the current evidence on the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) intradetrusor injections in paediatric NB patients who are resistant to antimuscarinic treatments.MethodsA study was carried out on PubMed, Medline, and Embase with the search terms: (‘neurogenic bladder’ OR ‘myelomeningocele’) AND ‘toxin’ AND (‘children’ OR ‘paediatric’). The PICOS framework guided the search strategy and selection of studies in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Research involving original data that examined BTX‐A in paediatric patients with NB was included. Studies were independently chosen and data were extracted by two reviewers.ResultsNineteen studies (one randomized controlled trial, six prospective studies, and 12 retrospective studies) that investigated the clinical application of BTX‐A injections in children with NB were identified. None of the studies compared BTX‐A to a placebo, and most lacked a control group. Results showed that maximal cystometric capacity increased by an average of 97.7 mL (34.1–162% increase) (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.6 to 135.8), while maximal detrusor pressure decreased by 25.2 cm H2O (95% CI −39.7 to −10.7). Bladder compliance improved by 5.3 mL/cm H2O (95% CI 2.9 to 7.8). After treatment, the average incontinence resolution rate among patients was 73.4%. Urinary tract infections were reported by 77 patients (13.6%).ConclusionsBTX‐A administered intradetrusorally enhances cystometric capacity, compliance, and maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity in paediatric patients suffering from neurogenic bladder. Nonetheless, this conclusion lacks support from studies with a high level of evidence.
May the indication for a previous cesarean section affect the outcome at trial of labor in women with induction of labor? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Frykman Joanna , Nilsson Emelie , Wiberg‐Itzel Eva , Wallstrom Tove 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionCesarean sections are increasing worldwide and are associated with altered risks of complications for both mother and child. Vaginal birth after cesarean section is associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidity than in repeat cesarean section. Only a few studies have considered the indication for the previous cesarean section to be of importance for the outcome of subsequent labor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the indication for a previous cesarean section affects the outcomes at a subsequent delivery in women with induction of labor.Material and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of the four largest delivery units in Stockholm during 2012–2015 included 1150 women with one previous cesarean section with induction of labor. Inclusion criteria: women with induced labor and a previous cesarean section, singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation, gestational age of ≥34 weeks. The women were grouped by indication for the previous cesarean section. Primary outcome: mode of delivery (vaginal birth after previous cesarean section or repeat cesarean section). Secondary outcomes: induction to delivery time, postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture. Neonatal outcomes: birth weight, Apgar score <7, arterial umbilical cord blood gas pH <7.0.ResultsOur study found that the indication of labor dystocia at the previous cesarean section, increased the risk of repeat cesarean section (aOR 5.35; 95% CI: 1.64–17.50) in women with induction of labor. Other risk factors for repeat cesarean section were birth weight >4000 g, maternal BMI ≥30 or if vaginal prostaglandin was used as the method for induction of labor. A previous vaginal delivery and use of oxytocin increased the chance of a vaginal delivery in this group of women.ConclusionsOur study showed that the indication for the previous cesarean section affects the outcome in the subsequent delivery in women with induction of labor. If the indication for the previous cesarean section was labor dystocia, the risk of repeat cesarean section was increased.
Applying machine learning to understand the role of social–emotional skills on subjective well‐being and physical health
Authors: Meng Han , He Shiyu , Guo Jiesi , Wang Huiru , Tang Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocial–emotional skills are vital for individual development, yet research on which skills most effectively promote students' mental and physical health, particularly from a global perspective, remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the most important social–emotional skills using global data and machine learning approaches. Data from 61,585 students across nine countries, drawn from the OECD Social–Emotional Skills Survey, were analyzed (NChina = 7246, NFinland = 5482, NColombia = 13,528, NCanada = 7246, NRussia =6434, NTurkey = 5482, NSouth Korea = 7246, NPortugal=6434, and NUSA=6434). Six machine learning techniques—including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Artificial Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines—were employed to identify critical social–emotional skills. The results indicated that the Random Forest algorithm performed best in the prediction models. After controlling for demographic variables, optimism, energy, and stress resistance were identified as the top three social–emotional skills contributing to both subjective well‐being and physical health. Additionally, sociability and trust were found to be the fourth most important skills for well‐being and physical health, respectively. These findings have significant implications for designing tailored interventions and training programs that enhance students' social–emotional skills and overall health.
Meta‐Analysis: Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Adverse Events in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Carbery Isabel , Todd Oliver , Hale Matthew , Black Christopher J. , Clegg Andrew , Selinger Christian P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe number of adults aged over 60 years with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. Frailty, rather than chronological age, may be a better predictor of adverse health outcomes.AimsTo summarise current knowledge about frailty in adults with IBD including the prevalence and associations of frailty and IBD‐related adverse outcomes.MethodsWe performed an electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE Classic databases using search terms for IBD and frailty from inception to 14 February 2024. All studies involving adults aged ≥ 16 with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD that included a frailty assessment were eligible for inclusion.ResultsWe included 23 observational studies involving 1,893,448 adults. Risk of bias was low for 18 studies and moderate for five. Twelve methods of frailty assessment were used, the most common being the Hospital Frailty Risk Score. Pooled prevalence of frailty in IBD patients was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.4%–25.6%). Meta‐analysis of unadjusted events data demonstrated that frailty increased the risk of infection‐related admissions following treatment in two studies (relative risk (RR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.2–3.0), post‐operative morbidity in three (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4–2.7) and mortality in seven (RR 4.3; 95% CI 2.6–7.4).ConclusionsFrailty is common in patients with IBD and is associated with IBD‐related adverse outcomes including infection‐related admissions following treatment, post‐operative morbidity and death. Future work should focus on developing risk assessment tools to better support decision making for older people with frailty and IBD.
Dancing in the archive: Bodily encounters, memory, and more‐than‐representational participatory historical geographies
Authors: Thompson Lucy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of participatory methods and practices to address the methodological difficulties surrounding the historical geographies of dance, and moving bodies, within archival research. Dance has long challenged traditional notions of the ‘archive’. While non‐representational cultural geographers have privileged dance's ability to generate affect and embodied expression, historical geographers have predominantly struggled to engage with moving bodies through traditionally ‘disembodied’ archives. Ephemeral and embodied, dance escapes conventional historical documentation; this methodological challenge demands a more creative, participatory, and more‐than‐representational approach to historical geography and its privileging of the ‘archive’. Focusing on tap dance and its circum‐Atlantic performance, this paper will explore how bodily encounters with and within the archive can lead to new research questions, through contemporary embodied participation in creative practices. By combining participatory approaches with more‐than‐representational historical geographies, it is possible to reconcile the history and politics of dancing bodies with corporeal and affective dimensions of the past. This dual approach demands working with creative communities as a researcher, in the past and the present, to draw out previously marginalised voices. This paper discusses three specific methods: oral histories and records of lived experiences; approaching the ‘body’ as an archive; and fostering public historical geographies, including walking tours, memorials, and festival participation. The paper finally considers how these participatory approaches work to build memory, community, and place‐making through shared heritage.
Validating the Quality Maternal and Newborn Care Framework Index: A Global Tool for Quality‐of‐Care Evaluations
Authors: Symon Andrew , Mortensen Berit , Pripp Are Hugo , Chhugani Manju , Adjorlolo Samuel , Badzi Caroline , Kharb Renu , Prussing Elysse , McFadden Alison , Gray Nicola M. , Cummins Allison 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuality maternity care is known to improve a range of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Lancet Series on Midwifery's Quality Maternal and Newborn Care (QMNC) Framework is a high‐level synthesis of the global evidence on quality maternity care. Initial qualitative work demonstrated the Framework's adaptability in evaluating service user and provider perceptions of the quality of maternity care. However, evaluating services at scale requires a survey instrument. This paper reports the validation of the QMNC Framework index (QMNCFi), a five‐part survey for the evaluation of maternity care across diverse settings.MethodsInternational online English language survey of women who had given birth in the previous year in Australia, Ghana, India and the United Kingdom (UK). It was distributed through service user networks (UK and Australia) and at postnatal clinics (Ghana and India). All forms were completed online. Test–retest was conducted to assess reliability.ResultsFive hundred and forty mothers completed the survey (Australia 136; Ghana 131; India 153; UK 120). Construct validity: Cronbach's α in 12 of the survey's 13 sections ranged from 0.795 to 0.986; for the remaining section the alpha was 0.594. Reliability: 55 participants completed the QMNCFi a second time. Intraclass correlation coefficient results ranged from 0.657 to 0.939 across the 13 sections. Field researchers in Ghana and India reported that the survey was easily understood and completed.ConclusionThis survey has shown that, across diverse contexts, the QMNCFi is a valid, reliable, and comprehensive tool for measuring service user perceptions of the quality of care over time.
Enhancing Perinatal Cannabis Use Counseling: Insights From Taiwan's Addiction Treatment Practice
Authors: Tsai Ya‐Yun , Wei Lien‐Chung 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis letter responds to Cernat et al.'s study on counseling about cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation, drawing parallels with addiction treatment practices in Taiwan. We highlight the importance of open, non‐judgmental approaches and harm reduction strategies in counseling pregnant women with substance use disorders. Our experience at a psychiatric center in Taiwan emphasizes the need for continuous counseling throughout pregnancy and postpartum, particularly given the observed increase in cannabis use among new mothers. We support the study's emphasis on exploring patients' perceived benefits from cannabis use and addressing underlying reasons for use. By integrating insights from qualitative studies on patient perspectives, we have improved patient engagement and outcomes in our practice. This commentary underscores the global relevance of the study's findings and calls for continued research to bridge the gap between clinician and patient experiences in perinatal cannabis use counseling.
Genetic predisposition to vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Arnold Donald M. , Paré Guillaume , Nazy Ishac 
Published: November 2024

Vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare prothrombotic disorder with a unique clonality‐restricted immunological profile. The study by Petito and Bury et al. provides insight into the role of HLA polymorphisms and an inherent predisposition to VITT.Commentary on: Petito et al. Association of human leucocyte antigen loci with vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: Potential role of the interaction between platelet factor 4‐derived peptides and MHC‐II. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:290‐295.
Development of eodiscinid trilobites
Authors: Dai Tao , Zhang Xingliang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA comprehensive review of a full developmental sequence of eodiscinid trilobites reported in recent decades from Cambrian Series 2 and 3 strata is presented. These mostly articulated specimens exhibit detailed morphologies with preservation of even delicate structures at different growth stages, such as the bacculae, axial pores, spine pores, pygidial marginal spines and line coaptative structures. Their trunk segmentation schedules displayed a consistent developmental mode in segment generation and liberation, that is tagmosis and somitogenesis occurred heterochronously after each moulting event, providing clues regarding the potential developmental strategy in isopygous and even macropygous trilobites. The fact that the rate of segmentation obviously exceeds that of articulation results in a seemingly prolonged process of the formation of thoracic segments, which might explain why eodiscinid trilobites have a fixed and limited number of thoracic segments. In addition, the relationship between enrollment mechanism and trunk segmentation during eodiscinid ontogeny confirms this highly unusual growth pattern among the Trilobita, revealing why these early‐diverging trilobites controlled the rate of segment increase and release during their life cycles, and is thus of interest with regard to the evolution of arthropod body patterning.
Effect of the National Enhanced Service for weight management on the content of annual review consultations for patients living with obesity and hypertension and/or diabetes
Authors: Haffner Stella J. P. , Mounsey Sarah , Begh Rachna , Hajizadeh Anisa , Hobson Alice E. , Doody Paul , Albury Charlotte , Mara Suzanne , Heath Laura , McPherson Kayley , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul 
Published: November 2024

SummaryGuidelines specify that clinicians should support patients living with obesity by referring to weight management programmes (WMPs), but clinicians do so infrequently. To provide additional support to patients living with obesity and weight‐related conditions, the UK government instated the National Enhanced Service (NES) for weight management in England, including a reimbursement to general practices for referring eligible patients to WMPs. To assess the impact of the NES on conversations regarding weight and relevant behavioural risk factors in primary care consultations we recruited 11 medical practices in England where the NES was operating and six comparator practices from Scotland and Wales where the NES was not implemented. Clinicians audio‐recorded annual review appointments of patients living with obesity and hypertension and/or diabetes. The content of these consultations was synthesised using quantitative content analysis. Consultations with 92 patients were analysed: 58 in England and 34 in Scotland and Wales. No difference was found between the NES sites (England) and non‐NES sites (Scotland and Wales) in the proportion of referrals made to WMPs. Clinicians in England weighed patients and took other body measurements more often, mentioned body mass index more often, and had more detailed discussions about patients' diets, but there was no evidence that they differed in their discussion of WMPs or other modifiable risk factors. We found no strong evidence that the NES affected how clinicians addressed weight management or related behavioural risk factors within annual review consultations for patients living with obesity and hypertension and/or diabetes.
Private protected areas and ecological connectivity in Chile
Authors: Escobar Jackson Alvaro F. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpecies extinction rates have accelerated despite the global growth of the protected area estate, and maintaining or restoring ecological connectivity across landscapes is a major challenge in conservation. To address shortfalls in statutory protected areas, the designation of private protected areas (PPA) has been encouraged. Here we assess the level of ecological connectivity in the National System of Protected Areas in Chile (SNASPE) and measure the contribution of PPAs to the connectivity of the system, using novel indicators derived from landscape ecology. In so doing, we demonstrate how countries could report progress towards achieving connectivity among protected areas, using three complementary indicators. Our results show that while SNASPE currently has a high level of ecological connectivity, it varies substantially from region to region, with more protected and connected land needed to enhance connectivity. When PPAs are considered alongside statutory protected areas, connectivity is improved slightly, but still falls well short of meaningful levels. We therefore conclude that substantial expansion of the formal protected area network in Chile needs to happen, guided by a scientific and systematic process that enables the strategic designation of new PAs that enhance the performance of the current PA system and achieves international conservation goals. Additionally, new approaches and frameworks to recognize and manage land outside protected areas for connectivity and other ecosystem services are required.