bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the multidisciplinary Imperial Physical Activity and Diabetes clinic
Authors: Hill Neil E , Rilstone Sian , Jairam Carol , Chew Stephen , Amiras Dimitri , Oliver Nick S 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIncreasing numbers of people with diabetes are adopting exercise programmes. Fear of hypoglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia itself, are major issues for many people with diabetes undertaking physical activity. The risk of hypoglycaemia is exacerbated by endurance exercise. In addition, soft tissue injuries are more common in people with diabetes.We have established a multidisciplinary physical activity and diabetes clinic with the aim of empowering, educating and enabling people with diabetes to enjoy sport and exercise without fear of hypoglycaemia or frustration at glycaemic variability or soft tissue injuries. The multidisciplinary team (MDT) includes a diabetologist, sports and exercise physician, radiologist, dietitian, diabetes specialist nurse, and psychologist.Between October 2015 and September 2017, we undertook 19 clinics and saw 66 patients (48 new and 18 follow‐up). Of the 48 new referrals (median age 35; range 20–72) 47 had type 1 diabetes and 27 (56%) used an insulin pump. Attendees had a median 18 years of diabetes (range 1–50). Diabetes distress was variable (median PAID score 18; range 0–64). Twenty‐five patients attended for glycaemic management, 15 for musculoskeletal issues and eight for both. Sixteen (33%) required physiotherapy and nine (19%) were referred for joint imaging.It is possible to establish a new service to support physical activity in diabetes. To meet demand and enhance the MDT, physiotherapy will be added. A means of assessing the effects of diabetes on physical activity and outcome measures that matter to people with diabetes must be developed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
How Can Omic Science be Improved?
Authors: Simons Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the promises of multiomic analysis was to transform the clinical diagnostics to deliver much more exact phenotyping of disease states. However, despite enormous investments, the transformation of clinical routine has not taken place. There are many reasons for this lack of success but one is the failure to deliver quantitative and reproducible data. This failure is not only impeding progress in clinical phenotyping but also in the application of omic science in systems biology. The focus in this Viewpoint will be on lipidomics but the lessons learned are generally applicable.
A peptide‐display protein scaffold to facilitate single molecule force studies of aggregation‐prone peptides
Authors: Doherty Ciaran P. A. , Young Lydia M. , Karamanos Theodoros K. , Smith Hugh I. , Jackson Matthew P. , Radford Sheena E. , Brockwell David J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProtein aggregation is linked with the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is associated with the aggregation of α‐synuclein (αSyn). The structural mechanistic details of protein aggregation, including the nature of the earliest protein–protein interactions, remain elusive. In this study, we have used single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to probe the first dimerization events of the central aggregation‐prone region of αSyn (residues 71–82) that may initiate aggregation. This region has been shown to be necessary for the aggregation of full length αSyn and is capable of forming amyloid fibrils in isolation. We demonstrate that the interaction of αSyn71‐82 peptides can be studied using SMFS when inserted into a loop of protein L, a mechanically strong and soluble scaffold protein that acts as a display system for SMFS studies. The corresponding fragment of the homolog protein γ‐synuclein (γSyn), which has a lower aggregation propensity, has also been studied here. The results from SMFS, together with native mass spectrometry and aggregation assays, demonstrate that the dimerization propensity of γSyn71‐82 is lower than that of αSyn71‐82, but that a mixed αSyn71‐82: γSyn71‐82 dimer forms with a similar propensity to the αSyn71‐82 homodimer, slowing amyloid formation. This work demonstrates the utility of a novel display method for SMFS studies of aggregation‐prone peptides, which would otherwise be difficult to study.
Population dynamics of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in northern China: the effects of migration, cropping patterns and climate
Authors: Zhu Liuhong , Li Zhenyu , Zhang Shufa , Xu Baoyun , Zhang Youjun , Zalucki Myron P , Wu Qingjun , Yin Xianhui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is the most widely distributed pest of Brassica vegetables. Control of P. xylostella has relied on insecticides and it has developed resistance to most insecticides. Although research has clarified the resistance status of P. xylostella and the mechanisms of its resistance in northern China, little work has been conducted on long‐term population dynamics in the key vegetable‐growing areas of the region.RESULTSWe reviewed and summarized the history of P. xylostella field management practices in northern China (Haidian, Changping, Xuanhua and Zhangbei). Moths were caught in pheromone traps throughout the cropping season and P. xylostella phenology and the general trends in abundance were analysed using DYMEX modelling software. The initial input in the spring determined population size in all years. The seasonal phenology and variation in abundance in most years and sites were simulated, suggesting that the suitable climate creates the conditions for population outbreaks, and growers' actual management level (spraying and crop hygiene) influenced population abundance.CONCLUSIONBased on climate and using the timing of the initial peak in pheromone trap captures as a biofix, the timing of emergence of the next generation can be forecast, and more effective scouting and regional management strategies against this pest can be developed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of efavirenz in 0.2 mg hair samples from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients
Authors: Johnston Jenna , Orrell Catherine , Smith Peter , Joubert Anton , Wiesner Lubbe 
Published: February 2018

RationaleDrug levels in hair provide a longer window of detection, compared to plasma drug levels, and therefore hair analysis has the advantage of assessing adherence over a longer period of time. No methods for the analysis of antiretroviral drugs in hair currently exist in South Africa, and worldwide there is only one validated method for the determination of efavirenz in hair that has been published.MethodsEfavirenz was extracted from 0.2 mg of hair through a simultaneous pulverization and extraction step. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Poroshell C18 column using an isocratic elution with a total run time of 3 min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer set to electrospray ionization in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection. The method was validated over the concentration range 0.625–40 ng/mg.ResultsUsing ten times less hair than in a previously published method, the lower limit of quantitation was validated at 0.625 ng/mg. The interday and intraday assay precision, expressed as the percentage coefficient of variation (CV), for spiked calibration standards and quality control samples was lower than 7% and accuracy ranged from 97 to 110%. For quality controls prepared from authentic hair the CV was less than 12%. The extraction efficiency for authentic quality control samples was determined to be 83% after repeated extractions of the same samples.ConclusionsThis paper reports the first quantitative method for the determination of efavirenz in hair to be developed in South Africa. The validated method allowed for the successful monitoring of efavirenz in hair collected from HIV‐infected patients as part of a clinical study.
Concise Review: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Stem Cell Niche and Response to Pharmacologic Treatment
Authors: Arrigoni Elena , Del Re Marzia , Galimberti Sara , Restante Giuliana , Rofi Eleonora , Crucitta Stefania , Baratè Claudia , Petrini Mario , Danesi Romano , Di Paolo Antonello 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, more than 90% of patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) survive with a good quality of life, thanks to the clinical efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Nevertheless, point mutations of the ABL1 pocket occurring during treatment may reduce binding of TKIs, being responsible of about 20% of cases of resistance among CML patients. In addition, the presence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represents the most important event in leukemia progression related to TKI resistance. LSCs express stem cell markers, including active efflux pumps and genetic and epigenetic alterations together with deregulated cell signaling pathways involved in self-renewal, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog. Moreover, the interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment, also known as hematopoietic niche, may influence the phenotype of surrounding cells, which evade mechanisms controlling cell proliferation and are less sensitive or frankly resistant to TKIs. This Review focuses on the role of LSCs and stem cell niche in relation to response to pharmacological treatments. A literature search from PubMed database was performed until April 30, 2017, and it has been analyzed according to keywords such as chronic myeloid leukemia, stem cell, leukemic stem cells, hematopoietic niche, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and drug resistance.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole and Carbazole Based Organic Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: Theoretical Studies by DFT/TDDFT
Authors: Patel Srilaxmi M. , Pal Kuntal , Kumar P. Naresh , Deepa Melepurath , Sharada Duddu S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe herein report the design and synthesis of three new indole and carbazole based dyes (D1, D2 and D3) with a donor‐(π‐spacer)‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) configuration with N‐methylindole and carbazole as donors, barbituric acid and N‐acyloxindole as acceptors/anchoring groups. DFT calculations of three dyes D1, D2 and D3 by using the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) basis set provided the optimized ground‐state molecular geometries. Theoretical light harvesting efficiencies (LHE), of all the dyes were studied by time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method in order to shed the light on how the π‐conjugation order influence the performance of the dyes. Along with the TD‐DFT calculations photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes were investigated by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV), which indicates that D3 could show the best performance among the three dyes.
Solvent‐Free Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Iodides and One‐Pot Elaborations Thereof
Authors: Traboni Serena , Bedini Emiliano , Iadonisi Alfonso 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCombination of iodine and triphenylphosphine in the presence of a slight stoichiometric excess of 2,6‐lutidine provided effective iodination of alcohols under solvent–free conditions. Several substrates with different polarity, not necessarily soluble in the reaction system, were iodinated in short times without the need for microwave irradiation, ultrasonication or ionic liquids. The scope of this method with complex molecules was especially demonstrated in the fast and selective iodination of primary hydroxyl groups on both protected and unprotected carbohydrates, proving compatible with a variety of functional groups. In addition, a large number of one – pot elaborations of alkyl iodides thus obtained was successfully performed through the application of unprecedented fully solvent – free sequences. In particular, direct installation of either nitrogen or sulfur functionalities and generation of useful saccharide building – blocks were achieved in remarkably short times avoiding the use of polar high boiling solvents.
Stahlbau 4.0 – Fünf Trends für eine Industrie im Wandel
Authors: Erfurth Lorenz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie Digitalisierung der Baubranche ist längst im Gange. Neue Technologien und Prozesse bringen viele Chancen mit sich. Auch der Stahlbau muss sich veränderten Anforderungen und Herausforderungen stellen. Mit seiner langen digitalen Vorgeschichte hat er großes Potential, den Wandel mit zu gestalten und sich neu zu erfinden. Aus der Vielzahl der Möglichkeiten werden fünf wichtige Trends herausgegriffen, welche die Digitalisierung der Branche formen und die Konkurrenzfähigkeit des deutschen Stahlbaus beeinflussen werden: das klare Bekenntnis zu offenen Datenformaten, eine durchgehende Automatisierung der Fertigung, Montage und Baustellenlogistik, dezentrales Arbeiten, Cloud Computing sowie die neue Rolle des Stahlbauers als BIM (Building Information Modeling)‐Manager.
Initial bow imperfections e0 for the verification of Flexural Buckling According to Eurocode 3 Part 1‐1 – additional considerations
Authors: Lindner Joachim , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Jörg Fabian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccording to Eurocode 3 Part 1‐1, the resistance of compression members may be calculated in two different ways: through the design buckling resistance based on the reduction factor χ or through the cross section resistance based on internal forces according to a second order analysis, also taking into account equivalent initial bow imperfections e0. The second way is especially advantageous in the case of axial forces and bending. Values for equivalent initial bow imperfections e0 are given in codes like Eurocode 3 [4] or DIN 18800 [3]. The presently used values from Table 5.1 of Eurocode 3 will have to be changed in future, as was demonstrated recently by intensive investigations, especially for cases of axial compression and bending moments My or Mz respectively. Additional investigations concerning high‐strength steel S700, welded sections and circular hollow sections are presented. The proposed changes included in the newest draft of prEN1993‐1‐1 are explained through the evaluation of several ultimate load calculations. It is also shown that for the case that the initial bow imperfection e0 is calculated dependent on the non‐dimensional slenderness λ̅, restrictions regarding interaction and the ratio of Mpl/Mel are also necessary.
Experiments on the rotational capacity of beams made of high‐strength steel
Authors: Schillo Nicole , Feldmann Markus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe rotational capacity of beams made of high‐strength steel grades S700 and S960 was investigated within the scope of the RUOSTE research project, which was partly funded by the RFCS. Beams made of high‐strength steel are supposed to have a lower rotational capacity, and are thus excluded from plastic/plastic design according to [1], [2]. Although the strain hardening of high‐strength steel material is generally lower than that of mild steels, for some structures with discrete plastic hinges, the rotational capacity might be still sufficient to reach the respective cross‐section classification. In the research presented here, eight tests on beams in bending were carried out to assess the limit of cross‐section class 1 for high‐strength steel.
Simulation of the dynamic response of steel moment frames following sudden column loss. Experimental calibration of the numerical model and application
Authors: Marginean Ioan , Dinu Florea , Dubina Dan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSignificant research effort has been devoted in recent years to the evaluation of the capacity of steel frame structures to resist progressive collapse after sudden column loss. Due to the complex load‐structure interaction and material behaviour, it can be very difficult to evaluate the ultimate capacity of structural components using current analytical methods. Therefore considerable research effort has been directed to experimental testing and sophisticated numerical simulations. Although sudden column loss is a dynamic process, most experimental studies on full‐scale or scaled down specimens were performed under quasi‐static loads. This paper presents the results of a study devoted to the evaluation of steel frame response following the loss of a column. Advanced numerical models are calibrated using experimental test results and dynamic increase factors are studied. Several full‐scale structures are investigated for a sudden column loss scenario.
Systematic testing of actor systems
Authors: Albert Elvira , Arenas Puri , Gómez‐Zamalloa Miguel 
Published: February 2018

SummaryTesting concurrent systems requires exploring all possible nondeterministic interleavings that the concurrent execution may have, as any of the interleavings may reveal the erroneous behavior. In testing of actor systems, we can distinguish 2 sources of nondeterminism: (1) actor selection, the order in which actors are explored, and (2) task selection, the order in which the tasks within each actor are explored. This article provides new strategies and heuristics for pruning redundant state‐exploration when testing actor systems by reducing the amount of unnecessary nondeterminism of both types. Furthermore, we extend these techniques to handle synchronization primitives that allow awaiting for the completion of an asynchronous task. We report on an implementation and experimental evaluation of the proposed techniques in SYCO, a testing tool for actor‐based concurrency.
A Two‐Phase Approach to Developing SNAP: an iPhone Application to Support Appointment Scheduling and Management for Women with a BRCA Mutation
Authors: Scherr Courtney Lynam , Feuston Jessica L. , Nixon Dawn M. , Cohen Stephanie A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProfessional organizations provide surveillance guidelines for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) carriers with intact breasts and/or ovaries to facilitate early cancer detection. However, literature indicates adherence to surveillance guidelines is inconsistent at best. Using the Messaging Model for Health Communication Campaigns framework, we undertook a two‐phase formative research approach to develop an intervention to promote adherence to surveillance guidelines. Discussion groups identified preferred intervention format and function in phase I. Findings indicated carriers desired a phone application (app) to assist with surveillance management and appointment tracking. Thus, an iPhone app for carriers to track appointments based on published surveillance guidelines was developed. In phase II, we obtained feedback from BRCA carriers via a survey during a prototype demonstration at a regional conference. Participants in phase II wanted reminder capabilities and the ability to add and modify information fields. This feedback informed intervention modifications, resulting in the Scheduling Necessary Advised Procedures (SNAP) iPhone app currently being pilot tested by BRCA carriers throughout the USA.
Dental deafferentation and brain damage: A review and a hypothesis
Authors: Jou Yi‐Tai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the last few decades, neurobiological and human brain imaging research have greatly advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms that support perception and memory, as well as their function in daily activities. Knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms behind the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems has also expanded greatly in recent decades. In particular, current studies reveal that the peripheral deafferentations of stomatognathic systems may be projected globally into the central nervous system (CNS) and become an associated critical factor in triggering and aggravating neurodegenerative diseases.This review explores basic neurobiological mechanisms associated with the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems. Further included is a discussion on tooth loss and other dental deafferentation (DD) mechanisms, with a focus on dental and masticatory apparatuses associated with brain functions and which may underlie the changes observed in the aging brain. A new hypothesis is presented where DD and changes in the functionality of teeth and the masticatory apparatus may cause brain damage as a result of altered cerebral circulation and dysfunctional homeostasis. Furthermore, multiple recurrent reorganizations of the brain may be a triggering or contributing risk factor in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing understanding of the association between DD and brain aging may lead to solutions in treating and preventing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Are Pictures Peculiar Objects of Perception?
Authors: FERRETTI GABRIELE 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT:Are face-to-face perception and picture perception different perceptual phenomena? The question is controversial. On the one hand, philosophers have offered several solid arguments showing that, despite some resemblances, they are quite different perceptual phenomena and that pictures are special objects of perception. On the other hand, neuroscientists routinely use pictures in experimental settings as substitutes for normal objects, and this practice is successful in explaining how the human visual system works. But this seems to imply that face-to-face perception and picture perception are very similar, if not actually the same. How can we decide between these two opposite intuitions? Here I offer a regimentation of the notion of picture perception that can reconcile these two apparently conflicting ideas about pictures. It follows that philosophers and neuroscientists can maintain their respective stances without any theoretical conflict.
The Measure of Pleasure: A Note on theProtagoras
Authors: DAVIES RICHARD 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT:To explain the presence of the doctrine of hedonism in Plato'sProtagoras(351b–8a), the hypothesis is advanced that the author may have been responding to a suggestion made by Eudoxus of Cnidus that pleasures can be measured in terms of size, number, and intensity. The peculiar ways that Socrates represents these dimensions may indicate that Plato did not fully grasp Eudoxus's suggestion or, conversely, that he saw at once that it was a dead end.
Comparison of ketorolac dosing in an emergency department setting
Authors: Shanechi Mercedeh , Eke Onyinyechi , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: February 2018

Clinical questionDoes the analgesic effect of intravenous ketorolac differ if given in doses of 10, 15, or 30 mg to patients presenting to the emergency department with acute pain?Article chosenMotov S, Yasavolian M, Likourezos A, et al. Comparison of intravenous ketorolac at three single-dose regimens for treating acute pain in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial.Ann Emerg Med2017;70(2):177-84.
Pulsed LD side-pumped MgO: LN electro-optic cavity-dumped 1123 nm Nd: YAG laser with short pulse width and high peak power
Authors: Bai Yang , Bai Bing , Li Diao , Sun Yanxiao , Li Jianlin , Hou Lei , Hu Mingxuan , Bai Jintao 
Published: February 2018

We report a cavity-dumped 1123 nm laser with narrow pulse width and high peak power by an MgO: LN crystal electro-optic (EO) modulator. Based on the structural optimization design of a folded biconcave cavity using the 808 nm pulsed laser diode (LD) side-pumped ceramic Nd: YAG rod, output pulses with maximum pulse energy and peak power up to 39.6 mJ and 9.73 MW were obtained, corresponding to 100 Hz repetition rate and 4.07 ns pulse width. The instabilities of pulse width and pulse energy were $\pm$1.55% and $\pm$2.06%, respectively. At the highest repetition rate of 1 kHz, the pulse energy, pulse width, and peak power were 11.3 mJ, 5.05 ns, and 2.24 MW, respectively. The instabilities of pulse width and pulse energy were $\pm$2.65% and $\pm$3.47%, respectively.