bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bait preferences of Australian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in tropical and subtropical Queensland forests
Authors: Ebert Kathryn M , Monteith Geoff B , Menéndez Rosa , Merritt David J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDung beetles (Scarabaeinae) are mainly coprophagous. Globally, many species co‐exist with large mammalian fauna in grasslands and savannahs. However, tropical and subtropical rainforests, where large herbivorous mammals are scarce, support numerous dung beetle species. Many rainforest dung beetles have been shown to be generalist saprophages or specialists on non‐dung food resources. In Australian rainforests, observations of native dung beetles have indicated that some species are attracted to other resources such as fruit or fungi, although the extent to which this occurs is not known. To learn more about the diet breadth of Australian native rainforest dung beetles, we assessed their attraction to a range of baits, including two types of dung, four types of carrion from both vertebrates and invertebrates, three types of rotting fruit and rotting mushrooms. We primarily surveyed rainforest sites but included two dry open‐forest sites for comparisons. Of the two groups of Australian native dung beetles (Onthophagini and Australian endemic genera), the latter dominated the rainforest dung beetle fauna and were attracted to a greater variety of baits compared with Onthophagini. The Onthophagini were dominant in open forest and were more likely to be attracted to a particular bait type, primarily dung. Our findings suggest that many of the species belonging to the ‘Australian endemic genera' are generalist feeders and their ability to utilise a range of food resources contributes to their abundance and diversity in Australian rainforests.
Prioritizing research challenges and funding for allergy and asthma and the need for translational research—The European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases
Authors: Agache Ioana , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Bonertz Andreas , Branca Francesco , Cant Andrew , Fras Zlatko , Ingenrieth Frank , Namazova‐Baranova Leyla , Odemyr Mikaela , Spanevello Antonio , Vieths Stefan , Yorgancioglu Arzu , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserat , Barber Hernandez Domingo , Chivato Tomás , Del Giacco Stefano , Diamant Zuzana , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , van Wijk Roy Gert , Gevaert Philippe , Graessel Anke , Hellings Peter , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Jutel Marek , Lau Susanne , Lauerma Antti , Maria Olaguibel Jose , O'Mahony Liam , Ozdemir Cevdet , Palomares Oscar , Pfaar Oliver , Sastre Joaquin , Scadding Glennis , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Shamji Mohamed , Skypala Isabel , Spinola Monica , Spranger Otto , Torres Maria , Vereda Andrea , Bonini Sergio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) organized the first European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases and Asthma. The main aim was to bring together all relevant stakeholders and decision‐makers in the field of allergy, asthma and clinical Immunology around an open debate on contemporary challenges and potential solutions for the next decade. The Strategic Forum was an upscaling of the EAACI White Paper aiming to integrate the Academy's output with the perspective offered by EAACI's partners. This collaboration is fundamental for adapting and integrating allergy and asthma care into the context of real‐world problems. The Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases brought together all partners who have the drive and the influence to make positive change: national and international societies, patients’ organizations, regulatory bodies and industry representatives. An open debate with a special focus on drug development and biomedical engineering, big data and information technology and allergic diseases and asthma in the context of environmental health concluded that connecting science with the transformation of care and a joint agreement between all partners on priorities and needs are essential to ensure a better management of allergic diseases and asthma in the advent of precision medicine together with global access to innovative and affordable diagnostics and therapeutics.
Primary duct closure combined with transcystic drainage versus T‐tube drainage after laparoscopic choledochotomy
Authors: Guan Huiqiu , Jiang Genbing , Mao Xiaojun 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWe compared the post‐operative course and final outcome of primary duct closure combined with transcystic drainage with those of T‐tube drainage.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 112 consecutive patients treated with laparoscopic choledochotomy for common bile duct stones between February 2014 and December 2017. Primary closure with transcystic drainage was performed in 59 patients (group A), and laparoscopic choledochotomy with T‐tube drainage was performed in 53 (group B). The primary endpoints were morbidity, the bile drainage quantity, operative time, post‐operative stay, time until return to work and post‐operative complications.ResultsThe operation was successfully completed in all patients. The return to work period in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B (7.25 ± 1.27 versus 46.47 ± 3.86 days, P < 0.05). The average daily drainage was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time (133.75 ± 14.51 versus 132.21 ± 12.71 min) and duration of hospital stay (5.15 ± 1.23 versus 5.94 ± 0.95 days) between the two groups (P > 0.05). Bile leakage was seen in one T‐tube removal patient. No complications were reported in group A. The patients were followed for 2 to 29 months (average: 10). Normal liver function and no stricture of the bile duct were detected with ultrasonography.ConclusionPrimary closure of choledochotomy and subsequent transcystic drainage is a simple and less invasive procedure than T‐tube placement.
Low recurrence of lung adenoid cystic carcinoma with radiotherapy and resection
Authors: Sharma Varun J. , Gupta Ankit , Yaftian Nima , Ball David , Brown Robin , Barnett Stephen , Antippa Phillip 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare cause of thoracic malignancy, and the prognosis may depend on the extent of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. Complete resection has low rates of local recurrence but is complicated by the involvement of central airways. Adjuvant radiotherapy is frequently recommended but unproven.MethodsWe describe the technicalities of radical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy using the primary endpoint of local recurrence and secondary endpoints of locoregional (mediastinal) recurrence and distant metastasis. Resections were classed as microscopically and macroscopically clear (R0) or only macroscopically clear (R1).ResultsTwelve patients (eight males) diagnosed between 1999 and 2016, with an average age of 44 ± 12 years, were included. Six of these were operable (operative group), and six had non‐resectable lesions (radiotherapy group). In the operative group, three had tracheal disease and three had bronchial disease. Tracheal lesions underwent excision with tracheal anastomosis (all R1 resections). Main bronchial lesions underwent complete excision via pneumonectomy (two R0 and one R1 resections). All these patients received 50–60 Gray of adjuvant radiotherapy. At an average follow‐up of 6.1 ± 4.3 years, no patient had local recurrence, two had locoregional recurrence and four had distant metastasis. The radiotherapy group received 60–70 Gray as definitive therapy, and at an average follow‐up of 5.4 ± 4.2 years, three had locoregional recurrence and four had distant metastasis.ConclusionOur case series consolidates evidence that early radical resection and radiotherapy is associated with a low risk of local recurrence in patients with thoracic adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Predictive model of heterotopy in Meckel's diverticulum in children
Authors: Sinopidis Xenophon , Fouzas Sotirios , Kambouri Katerina , Panagidis Antonios , Alexopoulos Vasileios , Karatza Ageliki , Athanasopoulou Maria , Georgiou George 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe presence of heterotopic tissue in Meckel's diverticulum (MD) increases the incidence of future complications. Based on this concept, this study aimed to detect clinical and morphological parameters able to predict the probability of heterotopy in incidentally discovered uncomplicated MD and to develop a risk‐based classification tool.MethodsThe clinical records of 146 patients who underwent MD resection were reviewed. MD complications (bleeding, inflammation, perforation or involvement in pathological processes such as intussusception) and MD dimensions (width, length and the product width × length) were evaluated in association with heterotopy. Regression analysis was used to explore the discrete effect of clinically relevant parameters, which were subsequently combined in a Classification and Regression Tree.ResultsThe probability of heterotopy was higher in complicated MDs. The width of the base of the MD and the product width × length were also significant predictors of heterotopy. A stepwise combination (Classification and Regression Tree model) of (i) uncomplicated macroscopic presentation, (ii) width <2.5 cm, (iii) age <10 years and (iv) product width × length <4 cm2 resulted in a null probability of heterotopy in our study group.ConclusionThe combination of MD‐related clinical and morphological parameters using advanced statistical tools may assist in estimating the probability of heterotopy. This may be applied in incidentally discovered uncomplicated MDs during abdominal surgery for other morbidities. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings and test the practical usefulness of the classification tool developed here.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor‐CD74 interaction regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 in melanoma cells
Authors: Imaoka Masako , Tanese Keiji , Masugi Yohei , Hayashi Mutsumi , Sakamoto Michiie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells contributes to cancer immune evasion by interacting with programmed cell death 1 on immune cells. γ‐Interferon (IFN‐γ) has been reported as a key extrinsic stimulator of PD‐L1 expression, yet its mechanism of expression is poorly understood. This study analyzed the role of CD74 and its ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on PD‐L1 expression, by immunohistochemical analysis of melanoma tissue samples and in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines treated with IFN‐γ and inhibitors of the MIF‐CD74 interaction. Immunohistochemical analyses of 97 melanoma tissue samples showed significant correlations between CD74 and the expression status of PD‐L1 (P < .01). In vitro analysis of 2 melanoma cell lines, which are known to secrete MIF constitutively and express cell surface CD74 following IFN‐γ stimulation, showed upregulation of PD‐L1 levels by IFN‐γ stimulation. This was suppressed by further treatment with the MIF‐CD74 interaction inhibitor, 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine. In the analysis of melanoma cell line WM1361A, which constitutively expresses PD‐L1, CD74, and MIF in its non‐treated state, treatment with 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine and transfection of siRNAs targeting MIF and CD74 significantly suppressed the expression of PD‐L1. Together, the results indicated that MIF‐CD74 interaction directly regulated the expression of PD‐L1 and helps tumor cells escape from antitumorigenic immune responses. In conclusion, the MIF‐CD74 interaction could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of melanoma patients.
Long noncoding RNA actin filament‐associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 promotes malignant phenotype through binding with lysine‐specific demethylase 1 and repressing HMG box‐containing protein 1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Yu Shanxun , Yang Daolu , Ye Yunyao , Liu Pei , Chen Zhenyao , Lei Tianyao , Pu Jiaze , Liu Longfa , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe number of documented long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has dramatically increased, and their biological functions and underlying mechanisms in pathological processes, especially cancer, remain to be elucidated. Actin filament‐associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1‐AS1) is a 6810‐nt lncRNA located on chromosome 4p16.1 that was first reported to be upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Here we reported that AFAP1‐AS1, recruiting and binding to lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), was generally overexpressed in human non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues using quantitative real‐time PCR. Higher AFAP1‐AS1 expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = .008), lymph node metastasis (P = .025), higher TNM stage (P = .024), and worse overall survival in NSCLC patients. In vitro experiments revealed that AFAP1‐AS1 downregulation inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis; AFAP1‐AS1 knockdown also hindered tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic investigations including RNA immunoprecipitation and ChIP assays validated that AFAP1‐AS1 repressed HMG box‐containing protein 1 (HBP1) expression by recruiting LSD1 to the HBP1 promoter regions in PC‐9 and H1975 cells. Furthermore, HBP1 functions as a tumor suppressor, and its ectopic expression hindered cell proliferation. Rescue assays determined that the oncogenic effect of AFAP1‐AS1 is partially dependent on the epigenetic silencing of HBP1. In conclusion, our results indicate that AFAP1‐AS1 is carcinogenic and that the AFAP1‐AS1/LSD1/HBP1 axis could constitute a new therapeutic direction for NSCLC.
A novel WARS mutation (p.Asp314Gly) identified in a Chinese distal hereditary motor neuropathy family
Authors: Wang Binghao , Li Xiaobo , Huang Shunxiang , Zhao Huadong , Liu Jun , Hu Zhengmao , Lin Zhiqiang , Liu Lei , Xie Yongzhi , Jin Qingwen , Zhao Huihui , Tang Beisha , Niu Qi , Zhang Ruxu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDistal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies characterized by distal limb muscle wasting and weakness with no or minimal sensory abnormalities. To investigate the clinical and genetic features of dHMN caused by WARS mutations in mainland China, we performed Sanger sequencing of the coding and untranslated region (UTR) regions of WARS in 160 unresolved dHMN and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) index patients. We detected a novel heterozygous variant c.941A>G (p.Asp314Gly) of WARS in an index patient from an autosomal dominant dHMN family including five affected members over three generations. The variant completely co‐segregates with the dHMN phenotype in the family, and it was classified as likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. The clinical features included juvenile to adult onset (15‐23 years), distal wasting and weakness, minimal sensory disturbance and length‐dependent motor axonal degeneration with CMT examination score ranging from 6 to 10. Our report further confirms the role of WARS in dHMN and indicates that the variant c.941A>G (p.Asp314Gly) of WARS is related to a mild to moderate affected and later onset phenotype of dHMN.
Parental Perspectives on the Emotional, Relational and Logistical Impacts on Siblings of Youth Who Sexually Offend
Authors: Gervais Christine , Romano Elisa 
Published: May 2019

This qualitative study explored parents’ perspectives on the collateral consequences of youth sexual offending on siblings through the analysis of interview data among 16 caregivers from 10 Canadian families. Using thematic coding procedures, findings indicated that parents identified a range of safety, emotional and interpersonal impacts on siblings beginning with the criminal justice and child welfare investigations of the sexual offending and extending to siblings’ relationships with the offending youth, their caregivers and other relatives. Results demonstrate the need for greater acknowledgement of, and parent‐informed interventions that specifically address the impact of youth sexual offending on siblings by professionals and non‐professionals (e.g. relatives) alike.
C4d immunohistochemical stain of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue as a sensitive method in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Kamyab Kambiz , Abdolreza Mona , Ghanadan Alireza , Mortazavi Hossein , Nikoo Azita , Motavalli Farhad , Nasimi Maryam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common type of subepidermal bullous disease. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it requires a fresh tissue specimen. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for the detection of C4d in paraffin‐embedded tissue of BP cases.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 30 BP cases (confirmed by Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] and DIF) and 30 controls. IHC studies were performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues.ResultsOf 30 BP patients (11 male and 19 female), 27 (90%) were C4d positive and three patients (10%) were C4d negative. The C4d deposits were seen as linear brown stain along the dermoepidermal junction (18 cases), around basal keratinocytes (eight cases), or Civatte‐like (three cases). Two cases revealed more than one pattern in IHC staining. Of 30 control specimens, 26 (86%) cases were C4d negative and four (13.4%) were positive for granular deposits of C4d which were diagnosed as dermatitis herpetiformis.ConclusionC4d IHC study is a valuable diagnostic tool with sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86.7%, and is especially useful in cases in which frozen specimens are not available or FFPE specimens are the only available material for analysis.
Cutaneous plasmacytosis and multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma‐like lesion in a patient with hepatitis B: A fortuitous triad?
Authors: Roy Simon F. , Ghazawi Feras M. , Tran Diane , Bouffard Danielle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 28‐year‐old woman of Chinese descent, with congenital chronic hepatitis B presented with a 7‐year history of erythematous‐brown papules and plaques on her groins, axillae, and forehead. A first skin biopsy showed findings consistent with two concomitant, yet highly uncommon cutaneous diseases. The presence of lymphoid nodules with germinal centers and clustered polyclonal plasma cells was consistent with cutaneous plasmocytosis. Second, a diffuse proliferation of non‐atypical small vessels (CD31+, CD34+, and HHV8−) in a hypercellular stroma peppered with angulated giant cells (CD163+, CD68−) was suggestive of multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH). Interestingly, the second biopsy of a different plaque on the forehead showed only plasmacytosis and the clinical appearance of both plaques and papules alluded to the distinct presence of both concurrent entities. We speculate the immune modulating effects of chronic hepatitis B may have led to a polyclonal plasmacytic proliferation within the dermis. Furthermore, MCAH has been reported in conjunction with other inflammatory skin diseases such as hidradenitis suppurativa and as such we propose that the MCAH lesion in our case may have arisen as a secondary, reactive process to the cutaneous plasmacytosis.
Global Liquidity, the Private Sector and Debt Sustainability in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Bonizzi Bruno , Laskaridis Christina , Toporowski Jan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the effect of changes in international financial markets on the debt dynamics in sub‐Saharan Africa in recent years. A key development is the rise of the private sector as both a lender and a borrower in African debt markets, a process that is associated with the growing integration of the region into global financial markets. The article argues that the Debt Sustainability Framework of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank has taken some steps to account for this growth of private sector, cross‐border debt, but such steps still fall short of what is needed. A full appreciation of the importance of private debt implies, first, that debt sustainability in sub‐Saharan Africa be understood in the context of countries’ integration in global financial markets and the global liquidity cycles that characterize those markets and, second, that the interplay between private and public debt be monitored in order to provide a fuller picture of the impact of private sector debt on fiscal sustainability.
The effects of hypoglycaemia and dementia on cardiovascular events, falls and fractures and all‐cause mortality in older individuals: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mattishent Katharina , Richardson Kathryn , Dhatariya Ketan , Savva George M. , Fox Chris , Loke Yoon K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsOlder individuals with diabetes are susceptible to harm as the result of hypoglycaemia; however, the consequences of hypoglycaemia in older individuals with dementia are not known. We aimed to test the association between hypoglycaemia and serious adverse events in older patients with diabetes and dementia, and whether the consequences of hypoglycaemia were affected by the presence of dementia.Materials and methodsThis was a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England (1997‐2016). We selected participants, intervention (exposure) and follow‐up to mirror two hypothetical target randomized controlled trials. The exposure of target trial 1 was hypoglycaemia in patients with dementia. Target trial 2 examined adverse effects of hypoglycaemia according to dementia status. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for falls, fractures, cardiovascular events and mortality.ResultsIn target trial 1, hypoglycaemia was associated with increased risk during a 12‐month follow‐up period for falls and fractures (aHR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.67‐2.24]), for cardiovascular events (aHR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.61‐2.48]) and for mortality (aHR, 2.36 [95% CI, 2.09‐2.67]). In target trial 2, the presence of dementia was associated with increased risk of adverse events, following hypoglycaemia, during a 12‐month follow‐up period for falls and factures (aHR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.51‐1.96]) and for mortality (aHR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.15‐1.41]), but dementia had no effect on cardiovascular events (aHR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.36]).ConclusionsHypoglycaemia is associated with early increased risk of serious adverse events in older individuals with diabetes and dementia.
Suboptimal oviposition of tephritid flies supports parasitoid wasps
Authors: Xi Xinqiang , Zhang Liang , Zhang Beibei , Dong Yuran , Niklas Karl J. , Sun Shucun 
Published: May 2019

1. Female insects lay eggs on low‐quality plants, resulting in progeny with no or low reproductive potential; this is referred to as ‘suboptimal oviposition’ in this study.2. Here, it is reported
that suboptimal oviposition of a tephritid fly species (Tephritis femoralis) supports the populations of parasitoid wasp species in a Tibetan alpine meadow.3. Suboptimal oviposition was confirmed because the adult flies emerging from Asteraceae species Anaphalis flavescens flowerheads did not survive cold winters.4. DNA barcoding of puparia indicated that tephritid larvae developing from suboptimal oviposition hosted populations of at least five parasitoid wasp species. Consequently, suboptimal oviposition has significant effects on parasitoid population dynamics and species diversity.