bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent and Free Control of Multiple Beams Enabled by Wideband Spin‐Decoupled Metasurface
Authors: Li Fengxia , Yin Xiaohan , Yin Jia‐Yuan , Deng Jing‐Ya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase is typically employed to control circularly polarized (CP) waves, but it has spin‐locked limitations due to its conjugate phase response to different spins. Recently, by modulating both propagation and PB phases, spin‐decoupled metasurfaces have attracted much attention. Most of these spin–decoupled metasurfaces are realized by regulating co‐polarized components, which need N meta‐atoms to achieve a 360° phase coverage. However, this research on wideband high‐efficiency spin‐decoupled metasurfaces based on polarization conversion meta‐atoms by adjusting cross‐polarized components is still lacking. Compared with the regulation of co‐polarized components, only N/2 meta‐atoms are needed for the regulation of cross‐polarized components, which greatly reduces the design difficulty. Here, two spin‐decoupled metasurfaces are proposed for the generation of multiple vortex beams and pencil beams, which exhibit broadband and high‐efficiency performance at the frequency range of 9–21 GHz. This work has the potential to significantly promote the development of wideband polarization multiplexing and multichannel meta‐devices, with various applications in cyberspace security, wireless communication, imaging, and target detection.
Extrinsic Dual‐Mode Self‐Trapped Excitons Emission With Highly Linear Polarization From Cu3PS3Se
Authors: Ai Yingjie , Li Guoting , Chen Wei , Zhao Renjie , Huang Wenjing , Zhang Nenghui , Zhong Xuying , Dou Wei , Zhou Yangbo , Zhai Yaxin , Tang Dongsheng , Zhou Weichang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBenefiting from the potential application as a single component white light source, the broadband self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission in low‐dimensional metal halides has attracted wide attention. However, such broadband STE emission in metal thio‐ and seleno‐phosphates is scarce, and the formation mechanism is ambiguous. Herein, the broadband dual‐mode (red and near‐infrared) light emission and their linear polarization in orthorhombic Cu3PS3Se crystals are reported. The absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a large Stokes shift of 0.43/0.76 eV and a broad emission wavelength range of ≈200 nm, exhibiting the significant STEs feature. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) reveals a broad positive photo‐induced absorption, further proving the formation of STE states. These STEs exhibit a highly linear polarized emission behavior with a degree of polarization up to 0.51. According to the excitation angles dependent polarized PL and Raman spectroscopy measurements, it is assigned that both the anisotropic optical absorption and electron‐phonon interaction contribute to the STEs emission polarization in Cu3PS3Se. These findings not only extend the STEs from metal halides to metal thio/seleno‐phosphates but also offer the potential prospects for novel optical polarizers, polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, optical and optoelectronic synaptic devices application of anisotropic STEs emission.
Flexible Liquid Crystal Cascade Dielectric Metasurface for Dynamically Controlling Terahertz Beam Deflection
Authors: Ji Yunyun , Jiang Xinhao , Fan Fei , Zhao Huijun , Dong Xipu , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) beam deflection devices with tunable capabilities are highly desired in future wireless communication and radar systems. In this work, a cascaded metadevice is constructed by integrating liquid crystal (LC) into a dielectric metasurface, and then the phase of each meta‐atom is designed to achieve different polarization conversions and spatial phase gradient distributions. Therefore, by changing the polarization of the incident wave or the LC optical axis orientation, an active THz beam deflection device that can actively and independently control the spin state and deflection angle of the output wave can be obtained. Specifically, the output right circularly polarized (RCP) wave is deflected to the +1st diffraction order, and the output left circularly polarized (LCP) wave is deflected to the +2nd diffraction order. The experimental results indicate that the cascaded metadevice exhibits a large angular spatial dispersion in the frequency angle scanning range of +25°–+17.5° (+1st order) and +52.5°–+35° (+2nd order) corresponding to the broadband range of 0.6–0.83 THz. The spin isolation of all diffraction order channels can reach over 10 dB and the maximum diffraction efficiency of 56% can be obtained. In addition, the universality of the proposed LC‐cascaded metasurface design concept has also been verified, providing a feasible path for complex, multifunctional, and active THz wavefront manipulation, thereby exploring more possible application scenarios.
Blue‐Emitting Iridium(III) Carbene Phosphors with Suppressed Efficiency Roll‐Off and Enhanced Durability of Hyper‐OLED Devices
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Chengcheng , Yiu Shek‐Man , Kuhn Martin , Huang Manli , Zhang Youming , Zhou Xiuwen , Yang Chuluo , Wei Guodan , Chi Yun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOLED technology has been long hampered by the slow progress of efficient and durable blue phosphors. To circumvent this issue, a novel imidazo[4,5‐b]pyrazin‐2‐ylidene chelate with both the bulky tert‐butyl and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl appendages is rationally employed in synthesizing Ir(III) carbene phosphors f‐ct8c and f‐ct8d. Installation of bulky groups at the proper location not only reduces the anticipated product isomers to two, but also improves the photophysical efficiency of these Ir(III) emitters. Notably, these emitters exhibited blue photoluminescence with excellent quantum yields and short radiative lifetimes. One device with assistant sensitizer f‐ct8c at 10 wt% and terminal emitter ν‐DABNA at 1 wt% has successfully achieved a remarkable EQEmax of 30.5%, CIExy chromaticity of (0.129, 0.079), confirming the generation of exceptional blue hyperphosphorescence. Moreover, the same emitter f‐ct8c co‐doped in exciplex co‐host of SiCzCz: SiTrzCz2 afforded EQEmax of 28.4% and EQE of 23.6% at practical luminance of 1000 cd m‒2, respectively, together with max. luminance exceeding 27000 cd m‒2. A long operational lifetime LT50 of 309 h is obtained for f‐ct8d at an initial brightness of 500 cd m‒2, affirming the improved efficiency and stability of the molecular designs.
Dynamic Disassembling Strategy of Luminescent Nanoclusters Assemblies for Integrating Multiple‐Node Information Encryption with Transient Imaging Feature
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Lu Yuexiang , Qu Mengtong , Dou Huashuo , Shi Bojun , Liu Yueying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAvoiding the second leakage and boosting the complexity of confidential information have been two key directions in the development of the field of information security. However, it still remains formidable challenges to combine these two strategies in a single luminescent material. Here, it has integrated multiple‐node time‐gated information encryption and self‐erased decryption data with transient imaging feature for enormously enhancing the information security protection based on the dynamic assembling/disassembling process of luminescence copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). Multiple CuNCs‐based assemblies for the information encryption are controlled after introducing metal ions (Zn2+ and Al3+) and ammonia, which gives rise to the tremendously fluorescence improvement of CuNCs through aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. These assemblies can be disassembled upon adding a chelator agent (EDTA) in concomitant with fluorescence vanishing behavior. Their decomposition rates heavily depend on the type of metal ions, ammonia concentration, and EDTA concentration. Based on the dynamic disassembling process, time‐dependent multi‐node information is encrypted. The real information can be read observed only once at the correct “time key” and then automatically self‐destructed within dozens of minutes. This study provides new insights into designing advanced information security protection against the risk of the second leakage and deciphering data of confidential information.
Regulating the Aggregation and Dispersion of Carbon Dots to Achieve Stimulus‐Responsive Multimodal Luminescence for Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Yang Li , Liang Xiaoyun , Wang Zhiyu , Zhang Qi , Wang Shuangshuang , Liang Xingtang , Xu Yongqian , Zhang Yanjun , Yin Yanzhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStimulus‐responsive multimodal luminescence (MML) within a single material system is highly desirable for anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption applications. However, achieving adjustable MML within a unified material framework is challenging due to the distinct responses of different luminescence modes to a common external stimulus. In the work, a novel approach is devised for regulating the aggregation or dispersion state of carbon dots (CDs) to exhibit responsive MML, including fluorescence (FL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and chemiluminescence (CL). Specifically, aggregation‐caused luminescence quenching CDs (ACQCDs) are synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method using levofloxacin. These ACQCDs exhibit ACQ and significant aggregation‐induced color change effects. When ACQCDs interact with paper‐based materials, they form hydrogen bonds, establishing a high‐density hydrogen bond network that induces ACQCDs aggregation. Upon external stimulation, the hydrogen bond network undergoes dynamic changes, triggering ACQCDs dispersion. This process effectively deactivates nonradiative defect centers, stabilizes triplet excitons, and promotes simultaneous MML of tunable FL, RTP, and CL. The integration of multimodal luminescence with external stimulus input enables the creation of a programmable multi‐input logic gate, offering significant potential for encoded information anti‐counterfeiting applications. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the conduction of MML CDs, thereby advancing the utilization of nanomaterials in intelligent encryption and anti‐counterfeiting technologies. The findings pave the way for the development of more sophisticated and secure anti‐counterfeiting measures based on the unique luminescent properties of CDs.
Carbon Nanotube‐Derived Materials for Smart Thermal Management
Authors: Liu Ling , Wang Xiaona , Jin Hehua , Wang Jin , Li Qingwen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermal management involves precisely controlling temperatures in systems, devices, or electronic products to ensure optimal performance, stability, enhanced efficiency, and lifespan, which include high thermal conductivity, superthermal insulation, and active and passive heating. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), known for their low density, high mechanical strength, and superior thermal and electrical conductivities, represent ideal materials for lightweight, high‐strength applications, showcasing extensive benefits and potential in intelligent thermal management. This review explores the use of CNTs in improving thermal conductivity, insulation, photothermal conversion, and electrical heating, underscoring their unique advantages and broad application prospects in smart thermal management systems. Specifically, the article outlines the advantages of CNT materials in elevating thermal efficiency, enhancing insulation characteristics, and increasing energy conversion rates, offering vital scientific and technical guidance for creating innovative, next‐generation thermal management materials. By systematically analyzing and forecasting, this review provides strategic direction for the research and development of high‐performance thermal management materials, heralding the significant role of CNT materials in future studies.
Cytoskeletal Vimentin Directs Cell‐Cell Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Xing Yifan , Wen Zeyu , Mei Jie , Huang Xinyi , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zhong Jin , Jiu Yaming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen causing liver diseases. Although direct‐acting antiviral agents effectively inhibit HCV infection, cell–cell transmission remains a critical venue for HCV persistence in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of how HCV spreads intercellularly remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that vimentin, a host intermediate filaments protein, is dispensable for HCV infection in cell models but essential for simulated in vivo infection in differentiated hepatocytes. Genetic removal of vimentin markedly and specifically disrupts HCV cell–cell transmission without influencing cell‐free infection. Through mutual co‐immunoprecipitation screening, we identified that the N‐terminal 1–95 amino acids of vimentin exclusively interact with the HCV envelope protein E1. Introducing either full‐length or head region of vimentin is capable of restoring the cell–cell transmission deficiency in vimentin‐knockout cells. Moreover, we showed that it is vimentin on the plasma membrane of recipient cells that orchestrates HCV cell–cell transmission. Consequently, vimentin antibody, either applied individually or in combination with HCV neutralizing antibody, exerts pronounced inhibition of HCV cell–cell transmission. Together, the results unveil an unrecognized function of vimentin as a unique venue dominating viral transmission, providing novel insights into propelling advancements in vimentin‐targeted anti‐HCV therapies.
Boosted Efficiency of Fe2O3 for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction via Engineering Fe−O−Ti Bonding
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Wang Wei , Chen Xudan , Luo Qiquan , Yan Changzeng , Jiao Zhen , Li Yuehui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVisible light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) offers a sustainable and promising solution to environmental and energy challenges. However, the design of efficient photocatalysts is hindered by poor interface interactions in heterojunctions and a limited understanding of reaction kinetics. A modified Fe2O3 photocatalyst, M‐Fe2O3@MXene, is introduced featuring KH‐550‐modified M‐Fe2O3 hollow nanocubes coated with MXene, constructed via an electrostatic and Fe−O−Ti bonding self‐assembly method. This design achieves an unprecedented CO production rate of 240 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ among non‐noble metal catalysts (8.6 folds vs Fe2O3). The Fe−O−Ti sites enhance *COOH intermediate formation and CO production through higher electron deficiency of Fe3+ and rapid charge transfer. This study offers new insights on the use of functional metal oxides and high‐quality Mxene layers to design efficient metal oxide‐based photocatalysts.
Enhanced Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells: Mitigating Interface Defects and Charge Transport Losses with Polyarene‐Based Hole‐Selective Layers
Authors: Shi Zhong‐En , Kollimalaian Kalidass , Peng Jun‐Kai , Lin Chi‐Wei , Peng Wei‐Tao , Jiang Bing‐Huang , Lin Yu Hsuan , Yang Lan‐Yu , Lin Yu‐Chen , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy , Chang Yuan Jay , Chen Chih‐Ping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study designs and synthesizes non‐planar, propeller‐shaped hexaarylbenzene‐type (HAB) compound K5‐36 and hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based K5‐13 (with a cyclized core), as cost‐effective and high‐yielding hole selective layers (HSLs) for perovskite solar cells (PSC). Using a p–i–n device structure with ITO/4PADCB/HAB or HBC (with or without)/perovskite/PDADI/PC61BM/BCP/Ag, the interaction is investigated between the synthesized materials and self‐assembled monolayer (4PADCB) elucidating mechanisms influencing the growth of wide bandgap Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 perovskite. K5‐36 facilitates the growth of wide perovskite films with larger grains and lower defect density, while promoting energy level alignment at the HSL/perovskite interface. These modifications effectively suppressed non‐radiative recombination, resulting in a higher open‐circuit voltage of 1.2V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20% under AM 1.5G conditions. Under 3000K LED (1000 lux) illumination, the PCE of 4PADCB/K5‐36‐based PSCs significantly increased from 38.02 ± 0.38% (4PADCB PSC) to 41.80 ± 0.57%. Moreover, PSCs incorporating 4PADCB/K5‐36‐ and 4PADCB/K5‐13‐ demonstrate exceptional stability, retaining ≈88.5% and 98.2% of their initial PCE after 70 days of storage in a glove box. These findings highlight the potential of polyarene‐based HSLs as a promising approach for improving PSC efficiency and stability.
Enhancing Molecular Stacking Through “Strengthened Aggregation in Pseudo‐Dry Film” Strategy by Bromothiazol Additive for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gao Hanyue , Li Luzhuo , Shen Yu , Zuo Mingyu , Lu Guanghao , Wu Xiaofu , Han Yanchun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRegulating the morphology and molecular ordering of the active layer is crucial for developing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, enhancing the molecular stacking is challenging as non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are confined within the polymer network owing to the well donor/acceptor miscibility and fast solvent evaporation. Herein, the 2,5‐dibromothiazol (DBrTz) removable solid additive is chosen to optimize the film‐forming kinetics for enhancing molecular aggregation of the PM6:L8‐BO blends. During the film formation process, chloroform evaporates first, trapping DBrTz in the film (pseudo‐dry film state). Thereafter, DBrTz will gradually volatilize, persistently prompting the L8‐BO to stack and aggregate orderly until the volatilization of DBrTz is completed. The behavior is designated as “enhanced aggregation in pseudo‐dry film,” an occurrence hitherto unobserved in other solid additives. This results in more compact π–π stacking and orderly long‐range aggregation of L8‐BO. Furthermore, DBrTz facilitated increased face‐on orientations and improved vertical component distributions. This optimized morphology facilitates charge generation, transport, and extraction. Consequently, DBrTz‐processed PM6:L8‐BO OSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.4%. This work elucidates the principles of solid additives and offers valuable insights for fostering the development of novel additives to improve the morphology and the efficiency of OSCs.
Tempo‐Spatial Manipulation of Ultrasonics Toward Healing of Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Xiao Yaohong , Yao Xinxin , Sapkota Nawraj , Yan Hanghang , Yan Zhiwei , Tantratian Karnpiwat , Abbasi Hossein , Su Jinrong , Wang Yang , Che Yong , Reyes‐Villanueva German , Wang Qigui , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) struggle with poor interface contact and the resulting fast dendrite growth and short circuits. Ultrasonic treatment offers a potential solution to heal SSBs by ultrasonic welding at room temperature to improve interface contact free from side reactions. A significant challenge is the adverse effect of ultrasonics on SSBs, such as severe cracking in brittle electrolytes increasing the risk of dendrite growth and short circuits. Inspired by ultrasonic treatment on patients in hospitals, a tempo‐spatial manipulation of ultrasonics (TSMU) is examined, guided by ultrasonic‐structure interaction simulations, to maximize the propagated energy for ultrasonic welding while mitigating the possibility of electrolyte cracking. The application of TSMU to Li/garnet/Li symmetric cells is found to reduce the interfacial resistance from thousands to tens of Ω cm−2 for poorly formed interfaces, from SSB manufacturing to (dis)charging cycles, which outperforms constant ultrasonic treatment that achieves a resistance minimum of hundreds of Ω cm−2; otherwise, a short circuit occurs due to the cracking. Galvanostatic cycling further demonstrates the excellent stability of TSMU‐healed cells over 1,000 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2, which is not attainable by constant ultrasonics with short‐circuiting issues.
The Association Between Employment in Coal Mining and History of Injury, Current Pain, and Prescription Opioid Use
Authors: Friedman Lee S. , Go Leonard H. T. , Dang Nhan , Shannon Brett , Bonney Tessa , Richardson Devon , Cohen Robert A. , Almberg Kirsten S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoal mining involves heavy physical demand, which is associated with increased risk of injury and long‐term musculoskeletal health disorders and chronic pain. Management of chronic or recurrent pain is in turn associated with prescription opioid use and risk of opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsWe analyzed clinical data from 5463 coal miners evaluated between 2004 and 2015. Using an iterative text mining procedure, we analyzed structured clinical notes to extract information on occupational histories and clinical data. We evaluated associations along the causal chain using a series of multivariable logistic regression models to determine the relationship between (1) specific mining occupations and history of traumatic injury, (2) history of traumatic injury and current pain, and (3) current pain and current prescription opioid use.ResultsAmong these mostly‐former coal miners (mean age 62.4 years), the average coal mining tenure was 27.3 years; 88.4% reported being previously injured, 92.3% reported suffering from current pain and 39.2% reported current prescription opioid use. Occupations involving the most strenuous mining work were associated with a history of traumatic injury. A history of traumatic injury to body regions of the head/neck/back/spine was associated with current pain involving the head/neck/back/spine (adjusted OR = 5.04; CI 95%: 4.46, 5.70; p < 0.001). In a separate model, reported current pain of the head/neck/back/spine was associated with current prescription opioid use (aOR = 2.66; CI 95%: 2.35, 3.01; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese miners had a high prevalence of self‐reported current pain, and certain specific mining occupations were more strongly associated with a history of injury, pain, and prescription opioid use.
Innovative Wirkstoffe aus der antibakteriellen Forschung im Kampf gegen mikrobielle Resistenzen
Authors: Süssmuth Roderich D. , Kulike‐Koczula Marcel , Gao Peng , Kosol Simone 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIm Kampf gegen bakterielle Infektionen, insbesondere gegen solche die von multiresistenten Pathogenen verursacht werden, die auch als “Superbugs” bekannt sind, ist der Bedarf an neuen antibakteriellen Wirkstoffen in der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft unbestritten und wird mittlerweile auch in der Bevölkerung vermehrt wahrgenommen. Die Wissenschaftslandschaft hat sich jedoch in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich verändert. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen hat die Mehrheit der pharmazeutischen Unternehmen das Forschungsfeld verlassen und der Rückgang der F&E‐Aktivitäten zu antibakteriellen Wirkstoffen beeinträchtigt erheblich die Wirkstoffpipeline. In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die antibakterielle Forschung zunehmend auf kleinere Firmen und akademische Forschungseinheiten verlagert, deren finanzielle Ressourcen zu begrenzt sind, um nach der Wirkstoffentdeckung ein Entwicklungsprogramm von Beginn an bis durch die klinische Phasen zu führen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel formuliert die Anforderungen an einen antibakteriellen Wirkstoff im Hinblick auf bakterielle Pathogene, Resistenzmechanismen und den Prozess der Wirkstofffindung. Strategien zur Entdeckung neuer antibakterieller Strukturen aus Quellen verschiedenen Ursprungs wie der Natur, der chemischen Synthese und kürzlich auch der künstlichen Intelligenz werden aufgezeigt. Dies wird ergänzt durch Prinzipien des Computer‐unterstützen Designs und der Verfeinerung von Leitstrukturen. Der zweite Teil des Artikels enthält eine Zusammenstellung von antibakteriellen Wirkstoffmolekülen, die gemäß ihrer Targetstrukturen klassifiziert werden, z. B. der Zellwandsynthese oder der Proteinsynthese, und tendenziell neueren Targetklassen wie Proteine der Fettsäuresynthese, Proteasen und Membranproteine. Aspekte der Herkunft, des antibakteriellen Wirkspektrums, der Resistenz und dem aktuellen Entwicklungsstatus der präsentierten Wirkstoffmoleküle werden beleuchtet.