bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, Aspirations and Teaching Skills of Parents of Intellectually Handicapped Children
Authors: Rees Roger J. , Irvine Jim W. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe paper describes the assessed attitudes of 101 parents of intellectually handicapped children to interaction with their children. Contrasts in attitudes using Strom’s Parent As A Teacher Inventory (PAAT) are made between parents with Down’s Syndrome children and parents with brain damaged children. Differences on subset scores in the inventory are highlighted. Attitudes and behaviours of parents who were most successful in teaching language skills are contrasted with those who were least successful. The limitations of the attitude inventory are examined along with its role in helping parents to identify specific difficulties they have in teaching their children.Studies in developmental psychology are making us aware of the need to deliberately create new reference groups so that personal expectations can be more appropriate. For example, when age dictates retirement, many individuals find themselves for the first time lacking a guide for their behaviour. They report that to be without norms is to be alone in the worst sense since one does not know the proper criteria by which to evaluate oneself (Strom, 1978). A similar feeling is expressed by parents of intellectually handicapped children. When they decide that traditional norms are inappropriate expectations for their child, what sorts of replacement goals should then be pursued? If the revised aspirations are drawn from a relevant reference group, these parents are more likely to develop the self-confidence and teaching skills needed to maximize their child’s development. One way to begin this process calls for determining what individual mothers and fathers expect of their atypical child and how they perceive themselves as teachers.
Parent Participation within an Independent School
Authors: Barrie Jo 
Published: May 2019

“It has been typical within the history of special education, particularly in the area of learning disabilities, that the motivation and emphasis for program development has come from parents and their organizations rather than from educators” (Baldauf, 1980, p. 179). The Special Education Centre at Christ Church Grammar School is no exception as it was established as a result of the vocally expressed needs of parents. Prior to its inception, there was a remedial class in the preparatory school, the then Headmaster, Mr. P. M. Moyes, being firmly committed to education for the less able as well as the academically able. Parents who wanted boys enrolled at the school, and those who wanted sons from the remedial class to continue their education at the school, pressed for the establishment of a special centre. Funding was available from the Commonwealth Government and from the private sector.The Centre is an integral part of the regular school, based on a model of integrated education at primary and secondary levels. A committee consisting of the Headmaster, the headmaster of the preparatory school, the director of the Centre and, of recent years, the school counsellor, decides placement in the Special Education Centre. These placements are made after consideration of the psychological, medical and educational documentation accompanying each application, and with regard to keeping a balance of ages and grades within the Centre. Selection is dependent on the applicants satisfying the criteria for special education as opposed to remedial education. Priority is also given to country boys needing special education and boarding facilities where no appropriate alternatives are available to them. It must be felt that the programme and facilities available are likely to benefit the applicant. There are 16 full-time places available. Some boys are able to pursue certain subjects with their regular school peers. Some boys are placed into the regular stream after a period of time in the Centre. These boys then receive continuing support in their area of specific need. I have worked in the Centre as its director for five years.
Breaking Down the Barriers in North Queensland
Authors: Baillie Maureen , Dixon Elizabeth 
Published: May 2019

This paper describes one innovation that has assisted in overcoming some of the physical barriers experienced by our handicapped children in regular schools.In North Queensland, we have several children using wheelchairs, who attend their local schools, and in the past access to our high set buildings has been a major problem. Our major concerns for these handicapped children have been primarily for their safety, which we consider to be of paramount importance, and also for the provision of access to their total school environment.In September 1979, members of the Department of Education were involved in the demonstration of a new machine to assist in access for the handicapped — the Stair Aid Stairclimbing Wheelchair Transporter, also known as the Stair Mate. The Stair Aid device was designed by a Sydney man, its concept based on the design of a similar machine that was already in use in the commercial field for transporting goods into high set buildings. As a result of this demonstration and evaluations carried out by various personnel within the Department, two machines were purchased and made available for trial use — one in the Northern Region, the other based in the south.
Sports participation and adiposity do not mediate the relationship between birth weight and arterial thickness in adolescents: ABCD Growth Study
Authors: Urban Jacqueline , Cayres Suziane , Codogno Jamile , Turi-Lynch Bruna , Mantovani Alessandra , Fernandes Romulo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To analyse the relationship of altered birth weight with metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes among adolescents, as well as to identify if sports participation is able to attenuate or even eliminate the impact of birth weight on health outcomes.Methods:Cross-sectional study (Analysis of Behaviours of Children During Growth [ABCD Growth Study]). Adolescents with age ranging from 11 to 18 years old (14.7±2.1) stratified according to normal (n = 230) and altered (n = 35) birth weight composed the sample. Birth weight was self-reported by adolescent’s parents. Sports participation was assessed by face-to-face interview. Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and femoral intima–media thickness (FIMT) were measured using an ultrasound device. C-reactive protein levels were used to assess the inflammatory status. Blood pressure, Z score of metabolic risk (dyslipidemia and glucose), adiposity, and insulin resistance were covariates.Results:In the crude model, FIMT (p value = 0.037) and C-reactive protein (p value = 0.029) were affected by altered birth weight. In the adjusted models, altered birth weight affected FIMT (p value = 0.048; small effect size of 1.7%), independently of sports participation. For C-reactive protein, previous time of engagement in sports (p value = 0.001; small effect size of 4.8%) affected C-reactive protein, independently of birth weight.Conclusion:Vascular structure seems to be affected by birth weight in adolescents, while its impact on inflammation seems to be attenuated by the regular engagement in sports.
Yahia Bihram's Narrative Colophons Part 1: DC 35
Authors: MORGENSTERN MATTHEW 
Published: May 2019

AbstractYahia Bihram, a pivotal figure in the Mandaean community of the 19th century, composed several autobiographical texts. This article presents a new edition of one of his lengthiest works, incorporating numerous corrected readings based upon close examination of the original manuscript. With the aid of recent linguistic research into Neo-Mandaic and contemporary documents, the article proposes many new interpretations and the correct identifications of historical names and places.
Characterizing the local food environment and grocery-store decision making among a large American Indian community in the north-central USA: qualitative results from the Healthy Foods Healthy Families Feasibility Study
Authors: Brown Meagan C , Shrestha Umit , Huber Corrine , Best Lyle G , O’Leary Marcia , Howard Barbara , Beresford Shirley , Fretts Amanda M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Perceptions of social-contextual food environments and associated factors that influence food purchases are understudied in American Indian (AI) communities. The purpose of the present study was to: (i) understand the perceived local food environment; (ii) investigate social-contextual factors that influence family food-purchasing choices; and (iii) identify diet intervention strategies.Design:This qualitative study consisted of focus groups with primary household shoppers and key-informant interviews with food retailers, local government food assistance programme directors and a dietitian. An inductive, constant comparison approach was used to identify major themes.Setting:A large AI reservation community in the north-central USA.Participants:Four focus groups (n31) and seven key-informant interviews were conducted in February and May 2016.Results:Perceptions of both the higher cost of healthy foods and limited access to these foods influenced the types of foods participants purchased. Dependence on government assistance programmes and the timing of benefits also contributed to the types of foods purchased. Participants described purchasing foods based on the dietary needs and preferences of their children. Suggestions for improving the purchase and consumption of healthy foods included: culturally relevant and family-centred cooking classes and workshops focused on monthly food budgeting. Participants also emphasized the importance of involving the entire community in healthy eating initiatives.Conclusions:Cost and access were the major perceived barriers to healthy eating in this large rural AI community. Recommended interventions included: (i) family-friendly and culturally relevant cooking classes; (ii) healthy food-budgeting skills training; and (iii) approaches that engage the entire community.
Primary health care factors associated with late presentation of cancer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuammar Abdulhadi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Delays in the diagnosis of cancer were found to be a worldwide matter, and the early cancer detection has been targeted as a way to improve survival. Quantitative studies from Saudi Arabia reported a high number of cancer cases presenting at cancer centres for the first time with more advanced stages of the disease progression compared to Western countries without exploring the reasons for this phenomenon. Worldwide research identified several factors that contribute to delay in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer which were attributed to both patient and healthcare system. However, it was argued that variation in the operation of health systems and the socio-cultural context across countries makes it difficult to generalise findings beyond individuals’ countries. This necessitates country specific research to investigate why patients in Saudi Arabia present to cancer centres with late/advanced stages of their diseases.Research aim and objectives:The aim of this study is to identify and explore the factors that contribute to late-stage presentation of common cancers in Saudi Arabia. The main objective of this study is to understand the help seeking journey taken by patients with cancer from the time they discovered or felt their symptoms until the time they have their treatment initiated.Methods:Qualitative interviewing was used to collect data from 20 patients and 15 health professionals. The interviews were transcribed and then were subjected to the thematic analysis using a framework approach developed by Ritchie and Spencer (1994).Results:While some findings support what previous studies found as contributing factors responsible for delayed presentation of common cancers, this study identified several factors, which are believed to be country-specific. The ‘role of General Practitioner (GP)’, ‘challenges facing GPs’ and ‘ambiguity of the referral system’ were found to be factors that contribute to delay in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in Saudi Arabia.Conclusion:This research identified several factors that need to be investigated in the future using quantitative methods. There is a need to investigate the extent of using alternative medicine and its possible association with late presentation of cancer.
Fetal programming by androgen excess in rats affects ovarian fuel sensors and steroidogenesis
Authors: Abruzzese Giselle Adriana , Heber Maria Florencia , Campo Verde Arbocco Fiorella , Ferreira Silvana Rocio , Motta Alicia Beatriz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFetal programming by androgen excess is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is more than a reproductive disorder, as women with PCOS also show metabolic and other endocrine alterations. Since both ovarian and reproductive functions depend on energy balance, the alterations in metabolism may be related to reproductive alterations. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of androgen excess during prenatal life on ovarian fuel sensors and its consequences on steroidogenesis. To this end, pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and the following parameters were evaluated in their female offspring: follicular development, PPARG levels, adipokines (including leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin as ovarian fuel sensors), serum gonadotropins (LH and FSH), the mRNA of their ovarian receptors, and the expression of steroidogenic mediators. At 60 days of age, the prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) female offspring displayed both an irregular ovulatory phenotype and an anovulatory phenotype with altered follicular development and the presence of cysts. Both PH groups showed altered levels of both proteins and mRNA of PPARG and a different expression pattern of the adipokines studied. Although serum gonadotropins were not impaired, there were alterations in the mRNA levels of their ovarian receptors. The steroidogenic mediators Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Cyp19a1 were altered differently in each of the PH groups. We concluded that androgen excess during prenatal life leads to developmental programming effects that affect ovarian fuel sensors and steroidogenesis in a phenotype-specific way.
Power-injectable totally implantable venous access devices –	analysis of success and complication rates of ultrasound-guided implantation and	a patient satisfaction survey
Authors: Kunz-Virk Julia , Krüger Karsten 
Published: May 2019

Summary. Background: To retrospectively evaluate the success rates, peri-interventional, early and late complications and patient satisfaction associated with power-injectable totally implantable venous access devices (TIVAPs). Patients and methods: Between April 2011 and March 2016, a total of 1,203 TIVAPs were implanted in 1,169 patients. Ultrasound-guided, fluoroscopically controlled implantation was performed through the subclavian or internal jugular vein. The systematic analysis focused on the rate of successful port implantations, the frequency of peri-interventional, early and late complications and on how the experience of the implanting radiologist impacts these parameters. Additionally, a standardized questionnaire was administered to the 102 study patients in a telephone interview to survey their subjective rating of the port implantation. Results: 99.5 % of TIVAPs were implanted successfully. In 4 out of 6 patients, the implantation was repeated successfully at a later time. Complication rates were 1.4 % (0.0512/1.000 catheter days) for peri-interventional, 2.9 % (0.081 per 1,000 catheter days) for early and 8.3 % (0.2288 per 1,000 catheter days) for late complications. The radiologist’s experience level and vein selection did not have a significant impact. Most peri-interventional complications (82.4 %) were of minor severity. The early (61.5 %) and late (65.6 %) complications were more frequently of major severity. Interventions to manage complications comprised port explanation in 46.9 %, conservative therapy in 17.4 % and interventional therapy in 12.2 %. At 1 and 3 months after port placement, the majority were satisfied or very satisfied with the interventional port implantation. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided, fluoroscopically controlled implantation of TIVAPs is a safe procedure with low complication rates, high success rates and high patient satisfaction.
Shift in the Temporal Trend of Boundary Layer Height in China Using Long‐Term (1979–2016) Radiosonde Data
Authors: Guo Jianping , Li Yuan , Cohen Jason Blake , Li Jian , Chen Dandan , Xu Hui , Liu Lin , Yin Jinfang , Hu Kaixi , Zhai Panmao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe knowledge regarding how the boundary layer height (BLH) changes over time is still poor. Here we analyze the spatial and temporal changes in radiosonde‐derived measurements of BLH over China from 1979 to 2016. A qualitatively robust and abrupt change of BLH occurred in 2004. Over the former period (from 1979 to 2003) a spatially uniform increase was found in the BLH, while over the latter period BLH decreased in a spatially nonuniform way. Second, the meteorological influence on the rising BLH was determined to have a negative association with soil moisture, lower tropospheric stability and relative humidity, and a positive association with the near‐surface temperature. Yet, there was a different influence of meteorology on the BLH over the latter period, where a negative association was revealed with Tsfc and relative humidity. These findings shed new light on the long‐term changes in air pollution across China.
The Source Regions of Whistlers
Authors: Koronczay Dávid , Lichtenberger János , Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J. , Lotz Stefan I. , Sannikov Dmitry V. , Cherneva Nina V. , Raita Tero , Darrouzet Fabien , Ranvier Sylvain , Moore Robert C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a new method for identifying the source regions of lightning‐generated whistlers observed at a fixed location. In addition to the spatial distribution of causative lightning discharges, we calculate the ratio of lightning discharges transmitted into ground detectable whistlers as a function of location. Our method relies on the time of the whistlers and the time and source location of spherics from a global lightning database. We apply this method to whistlers recorded at 15 ground‐based stations in the Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer Network operating between 2007 and 2018 and to located lightning strokes from the World Wide Lightning Location Network database. We present the obtained maps of causative lightning and transmission rates. Our results show that the source region of whistlers corresponding to each ground station is around the magnetic conjugate point of the respective station. The size of the source region is typically less than 2,000 km in radius with a small fraction of sources extending to up to 3,500 km. The transmission ratio is maximal at the conjugate point and decreases with increasing distance from it. This conforms to the theory that whistlers detected on the ground propagated in a ducted mode through the plasmasphere, and thus, the lightning strokes of their causative spherics must cluster around the footprint of the ducts in the other hemisphere. Our method applied resolves the whistler excitation region mystery that resulted from correlation‐based analysis methods, concerning the source region of whistlers detected in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Laboratory Flume Experiments on the Formation of Spanwise Large Wood Accumulations: Part II—Effect on local scour
Authors: Schalko I. , Lageder C. , Schmocker L. , Weitbrecht V. , Boes R. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this second companion paper, hydraulic model tests were conducted to analyze local scour due to natural spanwise large wood (LW) accumulations. Spanwise accumulations were modeled using a vertical barrier, similar to a LW retention rack in prototype. The flume experiments were conducted according to Froude similitude in a scale of 1:30 for various approach flow conditions (subcritical and supercritical flow) and different uniform bed material (2.7–13.1‐mm model dimensions). The findings allow the estimation of local scour depth due to spanwise LW accumulations as a function of unit discharge, sediment diameter, and wood volume. Higher unit discharge, finer bed material, and increasing wood volume lead to an increased scour depth. The scour length can be estimated based on the scour depth and a geometrical scaling factor. The longitudinal shape of the cross‐sectional scour depth can be described with a Gaussian normal distribution. Based on the results of both scour depth and length, the design of LW retention structures can be significantly improved. At the same time, the results demonstrate that LW accumulations strongly affect the geomorphic conditions and may consequently create more heterogeneous morphological structures.
Candidalysin activates innate epithelial immune responses via epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Ho Jemima , Yang Xuexin , Nikou Spyridoula-Angeliki , Kichik Nessim , Donkin Andrew , Ponde Nicole O. , Richardson Jonathan P. , Gratacap Remi L. , Archambault Linda S. , Zwirner Christian P. , Murciano Celia , Henley-Smith Rhonda , Thavaraj Selvam , Tynan Christopher J. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Hube Bernhard , Wheeler Robert T. , Moyes David L. , Naglik Julian R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCandida albicans is a fungal pathobiont, able to cause epithelial cell damage and immune activation. These functions have been attributed to its secreted toxin, candidalysin, though the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a critical component of candidalysin-triggered immune responses. We find that both C. albicans and candidalysin activate human epithelial EGFR receptors and candidalysin-deficient fungal mutants poorly induce EGFR phosphorylation during murine oropharyngeal candidiasis. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR impairs candidalysin-triggered MAPK signalling and release of neutrophil activating chemokines in vitro, and diminishes neutrophil recruitment, causing significant mortality in an EGFR-inhibited zebrafish swimbladder model of infection. Investigation into the mechanism of EGFR activation revealed the requirement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), EGFR ligands and calcium. We thus identify a PAMP-independent mechanism of immune stimulation and highlight candidalysin and EGFR signalling components as potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention of mucosal candidiasis.
A redox-neutral synthesis of ketones by coupling of alkenes and amides
Authors: Li Jing , Oost Rik , Maryasin Boris , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe direct synthesis of ketones via carbon–carbon bond formation represents one of the most important challenges in organic synthesis. Hydroacylation of alkenes offers perhaps the most efficient and atom-economical approach for the preparation of ketones employing carbonyl compounds and alkenes as feedstocks. State-of-the-art hydroacylation is typically achieved by a transition metal-catalysed coupling of an aldehyde and an alkene but is plagued by competing decarbonylation, requiring the installation of directing groups in the aldehyde reactant. Herein, we present a method for the hydroacylation of alkenes employing amides in a metal-free regime, proceeding by a new mechanism and offering orthogonal reactivity to the conventional, metal-catalysed alternatives.