bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidencia, severidad y distribución espacial de Uromyces transversalis en una nueva región del Estado de México
Authors: Quiñones Valdez Rosalba , Sánchez Pale Jesús Ricardo , Castañeda Vildozola Álvaro , Franco Mora Omar , Ruíz Orta Alfredo 
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: En la región norte del Estado de México se ha reportado la enfermedad cuarentenaria llamada “roya transversal” del gladiolo, que afecta la calidad de su flor y cormo. El conocimiento de su comportamiento espacial es necesario para un manejo integrado. Objetivo: Modelar la distribución espacial de la roya transversal en plantaciones de gladiolo en los municipios de Ixtlahuaca y Jocotitlán del Estado de México, durante los ciclos primavera-verano y verano-otoño de 2013 y 2014. Metodología: Se determinó la incidencia y severidad en plantas de 121 puntos de muestreo georeferenciados por parcela para determinar su distribución espacial con técnicas geoestadistícas mediante el programa R. Resultados y conclusiones: La enfermedad estuvo ausente durante los dos ciclos de 2013, y el ciclo primavera-verano de 2014. Los síntomas y signos de la enfermedad se detectaron durante la etapa de espata del ciclo verano-otoño de 2014, con incidencias finales de 61.1 % en Ixtlahuaca y 75.8 % en Jocotitlán, se observaron pústulas en posición transversal respecto a las nervaduras de la hoja, además de uredosporas. La roya presentó una distribución espacial de tipo agregada durante las etapas fenológicas de espata y floración. El modelo que describió la dependencia espacial fue el de tipo lineal y pentaesférico.
Six year review of malignant oral and maxillofacial neoplasms attended at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Sohal K S , Moshy J R 
Published: March 2019

Background: Cancers of the head and neck constitute an important group of human malignancies. It is estimated that head and neck cancers constitute about 5–8% of all malignancies world-wide. These neoplasms affect speech and deglutition due to their location and might result in tooth mobility, expansion and destruction of adjacent structures.This study aimed at determining the types, prevalence and demographic distribution of malignant oral and maxillofacial tumours among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).
Methods: This was a retrospective study where by histological results of lesions that occurred in oral and maxillofacial region from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2013 were analyzed. The lesions were grouped into carcinomas, lymphomas and sarcomas; histological diagnoses of the top ten lesions with higher frequency of occurrence were picked for analysis.
Results: Malignant orofacial lesions accounted for 37.8% of all lesions that were biopsied from oral and maxillofacial region. Males comprised 51.4% of the patients. Age distribution was 3 to 98 years, mean 50.86 ± 19.89 years. Lymphomas and sarcomas occurred mostly in the patients below 40 years of age, while carcinomas were predominant above age 40 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion (62.2%) followed by Kaposi’s sarcoma (13.1%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (7.4%).
Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated 51 different types of malignant lesions in which squamous cell carcinomas were the most common. In general, carcinomas were prevalent group of malignant lesions, with its incidence increasing with advancement of age. The results provide a clue to the clinicians in establishing differential diagnosis hence aiding in correct identification and early diagnosis of orofacial cancer in Tanzania.
The Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR): Crucial Cases of Dwarf Disks and Low-surface-brightness Galaxies
Authors: Paolo C. Di , Salucci P. , Fontaine J. P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
McGaugh et al. have found, in a large sample of disk systems, a tight nonlinear relationship between the total radial accelerations g and their components g

b
that have arisen from the distribution of the baryonic matter. Here, we investigate the existence of such a relation in Dwarf Disk Spirals and Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxies on the basis of Karukes & Salucci and Di Paolo & Salucci. We have accurate mass profiles for 36 Dwarf Disk Spirals and 72 LSB galaxies. These galaxies have accelerations that cover the McGaugh range but also reach out to one order of magnitude below the smallest accelerations present in McGaugh et al. and span different Hubble Types. We found, in our samples, that the g versus g

b
relation has a very different profile and also other intrinsic novel properties, among those, the dependence on a second variable: the galactic radius, normalized to the optical radius R
opt, at which the two accelerations are measured. We show that the new far from trivial g versus

relationship is a direct consequence of the complex coordinated mass distributions of the baryons and the dark matter (DM) in disk systems. Our analysis shows that the McGaugh et al. relation is a limiting case of a new universal relation that can be very well framed in the standard “DM halo in the Newtonian Gravity” paradigm.
S-type and P-type Habitability in Stellar Binary Systems: A Comprehensive Approach. III. Results for Mars, Earth, and Super-Earth Planets
Authors: Wang 王兆 Zh. 鹏 , Cuntz M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Papers I and II, a comprehensive approach was utilized for the calculation of S-type and P-type habitable regions in stellar binary systems for both circular and elliptical orbits of the binary components. This approach considered a joint constraint, including orbital stability for possible system planets and a habitable region, determined by the stellar radiative energy fluxes (“radiative habitable zone”; RHZ). Specifically, the stellar S-type and P-type RHZs are calculated based on the solution of a fourth-order polynomial. However, in concurrent developments, mostly during 2013 and 2014, important improvements have been made in the computation of stellar habitable zones for single stars based on updated climate models given by R. K. Kopparapu and collaborators. These models entail considerable changes for the inner and outer limits of the stellar habitable zones. Moreover, regarding the habitability limit given by the runaway greenhouse effect, notable disparities were identified between Earth, Mars, and super-Earth planets due to differences in their atmospheric models, thus affecting their potential for habitability. It is the aim of this study to compute S-type and P-type habitable regions of binaries in response to the updated planetary models. Moreover, our study will also consider improved relationships between effective temperatures, radii, and masses for low-luminosity stars.
A New Method to Measure Star Formation Rates in Active Galaxies Using Mid-infrared Neon Emission Lines
Authors: Zhuang Ming-Yang , Ho Luis C. , Shangguan Jinyi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The star formation rate (SFR) is one of the most fundamental parameters of galaxies, but nearly all of the standard SFR diagnostics are difficult to measure in active galaxies because of contamination from the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Being less sensitive to dust extinction, the mid-infrared fine-structure lines of [Ne ii] 12.81 μm and [Ne iii] 15.56 μm effectively trace the SFR in star-forming galaxies. These lines also have the potential to serve as a reliable SFR indicator in active galaxies, provided that their contribution from the AGN narrow-line region (NLR) can be removed. We use a new set of photoionization calculations with realistic AGN spectral energy distributions and input assumptions to constrain the magnitude of [Ne ii] and [Ne iii] produced by the NLR for a given strength of [Ne v] 14.32 μm. We demonstrate that AGNs emit a relatively restricted range of [Ne ii]/[Ne v] and [Ne iii]/[Ne v] ratios. Hence, once [Ne v] is measured,the AGN contribution to the low-ionization Ne lines can be estimated, and the SFR can be determined from the strength of [Ne ii] and [Ne iii]. We find that AGN host galaxies have similar properties as compact extragalactic H ii regions, which indicates that the star formation in AGN hosts is spatially concentrated. This suggests a close relationship between black hole accretion and nuclear star formation. We update the calibration of [Ne ii] and [Ne iii] strength as an SFR indicator, explicitly considering the effects of metallicity, finding very good relations between Ne fractional abundances and the [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ratio for different metallicities, ionization parameters, and starburst ages. Comparison of neon-based SFRs with independent SFRs for active and star-forming galaxies shows excellent consistency with small scatter (∼0.18 dex).
Relativistic Spin Precession in the Binary PSR J1141−6545
Authors: Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Bailes M. , van Straten W. , Keane E. F. , Kramer M. , Bhat N. D. R. , Flynn C. , Osłowski S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
PSR J1141−6545 is a precessing binary pulsar that has the rare potential to reveal the two-dimensional structure of a non-recycled pulsar emission cone. It has undergone ∼25° of relativistic spin precession in the ∼18 yr since its discovery. In this Letter, we present a detailed Bayesian analysis of the precessional evolution of the width of the total intensity profile, in order to understand the changes to the line-of-sight (LOS) impact angle (β) of the pulsar using four different physically motivated prior distribution models. Although we cannot statistically differentiate between the models with confidence, the temporal evolution of the linear and circular polarizations strongly argue that our LOS crossed the magnetic pole around MJD 54,000 and that only two models remain viable. For both of these models, it appears likely that the pulsar will precess out of our LOS in the next 3–5 yr, assuming a simple beam geometry. Marginalizing over β suggests that the pulsar is a near-orthogonal rotator and provides the first polarization-independent estimate of the scale factor (

) that relates the pulsar beam opening angle (ρ) to its rotational period (P) as

: we find it to be >6° s0.5 at 1.4 GHz with 99% confidence. If all pulsars emit from opposite poles of a dipolar magnetic field with comparable brightness, we might expect to see evidence of an interpulse arising in PSR J1141−6545, unless the emission is patchy.
Media education in Poland
Authors: Strykowski Waclaw , Kakolewicz Mariusz , Mickiewicz Adam 
Published: March 2019

What can we do to help children and teenagers to learn about media? The author thinks that we have to encourage media education at schools on the basis of distinct general objectives and setting up special programmes to learn media in formal contexts. Moreover, this paper also considers that it is necessary to do the same out of school working with a global proposal that integrates all contexts and includes teachers training.
¿Qué podemos hacer para ayudar a niños y adolescentes en el aprendizaje de los medios? El autor considera que podemos, e incluso que debemos, potenciar la enseñanza de los medios de comunicación en las escuelas, partiendo de unos claros objetivos generales y estableciendo un programa especial para la enseñanza de los medios de comunicación en la práctica escolar. Además plantea la necesidad de fomentar la enseñanza de los medios fuera de la escuela con una propuesta integral de pedagogía de los medios de comunicación que incluya la formación del profesorado.
Media education in Switzerland
Authors: Georges Christian 
Published: March 2019

It is difficult to set educational standards in Switzerland: given the complexity of the political structure and the different languages spoken, 26 educational systems are in function. Most pupils are familiar with the practical use of ICT. But few of them are taught to analyse the media themselves. Media education is integrated to other branches of learning. Thus, it depends most of the time on the good will of the teachers! In the past five years, high speed connections to the Internet have strongly increased in schools, thanks to a public-private partnership launched by the State. The program also improved ICT skills among teachers. Many locally based projects encourage pupils and students to use ICT to learn. Multimedia products crafted in schools are even broadcasted on TV websites. However, media education remains uneven among teachers. The use of audiovisual resources in the classroom is decreasing. Most teachers express reluctance towards the media. When it comes to life long learning, software proficiency is more sought after than media knowledge.
En Suiza, saturada de medios, compartimentada en 26 sistemas educativos propios, los alumnos se impregnan de una cultura que favorece naturalmente los usos prácticos de los medios de comunicación frente al análisis crítico. La educación de los medios es a menudo «integrada en otras ramas de la enseñanza». ¡Es decir, dejada a la libre elección de los profesores! Gracias a la cooperación público-privado, se ha dado un fuerte impulso en la Confederación para conectar los colegios a Internet de alta velocidad y para formar a los profesores en el uso pedagógico de las tecnologías. Además, a nivel local, se realizan acertadas acciones que en muchos casos desembocan en aplicaciones prácticas muy estimulantes: los alumnos aprenden a dominar la imagen, el sonido y la información a través de producciones originales. Pero globalmente, el panorama es algo desalentador: los profesores acceden a una formación muy desigual de los medios y las TIC, utilizan menos los audiovisuales que antiguamente y la mayoría desconfían bastante de los medios.
Media students, professional placements, University and the learning challenge
Authors: Lamuedra-Graván María 
Published: March 2019

More and more media students complete their studies with professional placements every year. At the same time, each year more universities include such experience as an integral part of their curricula. This is in recognition of the fact that a learning process takes place during placements. Therefore, universities offering such training placements have to accept some responsibility for their success. Universities need to be aware of what students do during these periods of training in order to face the challenge posed by this responsibility. By doing this, universities will know which things need to be improved. This paper aims to generate debate on the following topic: the first work experience of media students should be fully educational and should transfer knowledge, skills and social engagement.Cada vez más estudiantes de Periodismo realizan prácticas profesionales y más universidades incluyen estas primeras experiencias laborales como asignatura de su programa de estudios. De esta forma, la universidad reconoce que estas prácticas tienen un valor pedagógico y asume cierta responsabilidad en que así sea. Para llevar a cabo la difícil tarea aparejada a esa responsabilidad es necesario conocer cómo los estudiantes realizan prácticas profesionales en la actualidad, y reflexionar acerca de los aspectos que deben ser mejorados. Este trabajo trata de contribuir a este proceso de reflexión, cuya finalidad última es que las primeras experiencias laborales de los estudiantes de Periodismo sean formativas en un sentido integro: ayuden a asimilar habilidades, conocimientos y compromiso social.
To educate spectators: expositive proposals and dynamization
Authors: Moreno-Montoso María-Isabel 
Published: March 2019

This paper is a reflection on the adaptation of the spectator to the latest tendencies in plastic art and image in general. This reflection leads up to consider the need for helping the audience to become critical spectators. This proposal is based on the development of activities, some of which have already been put in to practice, which are aimed at the audience with the goal of producing an active learning process. Apart from the participants´ personal involvement, motivation should be the focus of the activities.
Reflexionar acerca de la adaptación del espectador a las últimas tendencias de las artes visuales y del mundo de la imagen en general es el objetivo de este trabajo que nos lleva a considerar la necesidad de ayudar a la población a situarse como espectadores críticos. Esta propuesta se apoya en el desarrollo de acciones, algunas ya experimentadas, dirigidas al público para conseguir un aprendizaje activo. La motivación a partir de la implicación personal de los participantes debe ser el centro de interés en las actividades de las correspondientes acciones.
Teaching with films in the French educational system
Authors: Séguin-Vergara Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2019

French school system has always taken the cinema’s educational dimension into account . Nevertheless, the full integration of films in the cultural and educational activities of French pupils only dates back to the 1980s. Indeed, films are part of the syllabus as an optional course in the last three years of secondary school. Besides, from primary school onward, a whole system which enables pupils to become familiar with the cultural and artistic dimension of films has been set up thanks to the collaboration of the Ministries of Education and Culture.
La enseñanza francesa, prácticamente desde los orígenes del cine, se ha preocupado por la dimensión didáctica del cine. Sin embargo, sólo se puede considerar que a partir de los años ochenta se ha conseguido poner en marcha un sistema completo que permita integrar el cine en las actividades culturales y educativas de los alumnos franceses. Por una parte, el cine forma parte del recorrido del alumno durante tres años antes del bachillerato. Se trata de una asignatura opcional. Por otra parte, desde la escuela primera hasta el bachillerato, existe un dispositivo que permite a los alumnos descubrir el cine como arte y como cultura gracias a la colaboración de los Ministerios de Educación Nacional y Cultura.
Cinema teaching in the Italian educacional system
Authors: Lariccia Federica 
Published: March 2019

In 1999, the Education Ministry has financed the National Plan for the Promotion of Cinematographic & Audiovisual Language, promoted by Lino Miccichè, from the University of Rome III, in collaboration with institutions and national and regional associations. This Plan for three annualities has been blocked by italian government, due to his inestability and a lack of political will to renew the education system.
En 1999 el Ministerio de Educación ha financiado el «Plan Nacional para la Promoción de la Didáctica del Lenguaje Cinematográfico y Audiovisual en la Escuela», promovido por Lino Miccichè (Universidad Roma III), en colaboración con instituciones y asociaciones nacionales y regionales. El Plan, que preveía una duración de tres años, se paralizó a causa de la inestabilidad del gobierno italiano y de su escasa voluntad de renovar el sistema educativo escolar.
The state of things: two or three things I know about film analysis
Authors: Zunzunegui-Díez Santos 
Published: March 2019

This paper offers a reflection on film analysis nature, a regular activity in cinema teaching. In order to understand this perspective, we show the main risk factors: the empirical data fetishism, the context fetishism and the biographism return. Our proposal reivindicates the relevance of film form and the necessity for pointing out how films comunicate.
El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la naturaleza del análisis fílmico, actividad habitual en el ámbito de la enseñanza del cine. Para ello, se muestran los principales riesgos del análisis fílmico: el fetichismo del dato empírico, el fetichismo del contexto y el retorno del biografismo. Nuestra propuesta reivindica el reconocimiento de la materialidad del texto fílmico y la necesidad de centrarse en cómo dicen las películas lo que dicen.
Cinematographic narrative and education for cinema
Authors: Gómez-Tarín Francisco-Javier 
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the problems we have in a current society educated in the visual culture to teach Audio-visual Narrative in such a way that it takes a constant work of learning in the practical activity. Using this criterion, we begin studying the previous cultural parameters and continue with the practices, evaluation methods and feedback between pupils and teachers.
Se abordan en el texto los problemas que supone en una sociedad como la actual –fundamentalmente educada en la cultura visual– impartir docencia de una materia como «Narrativa audiovisual». El autor plantea llevar a cabo un conjunto de correcciones del bagaje inicial del alumnado universitario, a través de un trabajo constante de aprendizaje, enraizado en la actividad práctica. Con este criterio, se recorren diferentes perspectivas docentes, desde el chequeo de parámetros previos culturales, hasta las prácticas, pasando por los métodos de evaluación y de «feedback» entre alumnos y profesores.
Competence in media studies: its dimensions and indicators
Authors: Ferrés Joan 
Published: March 2019

The document «Competences in Audiovisual Communication» can serve as a basis both for the criteria on which the Education in Audiovisual Communication should be based as well as the dimensions that must be taken into account. The main value of this document therefore lies in the fact that it has been agreed by the 14 most renowned experts in Spain, after consulting 50 experts from Latino-America.
Mediante el documento «Competencias en comunicación audiovisual» se pretende definir las dimensiones que debería atender una educación en comunicación audiovisual y señalar los indicadores mediante los que se deberían valorar los resultados de esta educación. El documento es el resultado de las aportaciones de unos 50 expertos de entre los más reconocidos del ámbito iberoamericano, y ha sido consensuado por 14 reconocidos expertos del Estado español.
The communication through glance: the difficulties apprehending reality
Authors: Parejo-Jiménez Nekane 
Published: March 2019

Both the glance as a starting point and the film «Rear window», by A. Hichcock, as a guide will take us to the study of the roles played by different tools in the act of seeing. Binoculars, windows, photographic cameras and their accessories will all reduce the difficulties found while trying to apprehend the reality in a game where the voyeur is the protagonist. The paper also remarks the fact that the communicative process won´t be fulfilled unless the duality of looking at/being looked at appears.
La mirada como punto de partida y la película «La ventana indiscreta» de A. Hitchcock como eje vertebrador, darán paso al estudio de los roles que desempeñan diversos instrumentos que influyen en el acto de ver. Prismáticos, ventanas, cámaras fotográficas y sus accesorios limitarán las dificultades que se encuentran al intentar aprehender la realidad en un juego en el que el «voyeur» es la figura protagonista, sin olvidar que la comunicación no se considerará plena mientras el binomio ver y ser visto no se materialice.