bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Sibilants by Preschool Children With Overt and Covert Sound Contrasts
Authors: Roepke Elizabeth , Brosseau-Lapré Françoise 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This study explores the role of overt and covert contrasts in speech perception by children with speech sound disorder (SSD).

Method
Three groups of preschool-aged children (typically developing speech and language [TD], SSD with /s/~/ʃ/ contrast [SSD-contrast], and SSD with /s/~/ʃ/ collapse [SSD-collapse]) completed an identification task targeting /s/~/ʃ/ minimal pairs. The stimuli were produced by 3 sets of talkers: children with TD, children with SSD, and the participant himself/herself. We conducted a univariate general linear model to investigate differences in perception of tokens produced by different speakers and differences in perception between the groups of listeners.

Results
The TD and SSD-contrast groups performed similarly when perceiving tokens produced by themselves or other children. The SSD-collapse group perceived all speakers more poorly than the other 2 groups of children, performing at chance for perception of their own speech. Children who produced a covert contrast did not perceive their own speech more accurately than children who produced no identifiable acoustic contrast.

Conclusion
Preschool-aged children have not yet developed adultlike phonological representations. Collapsing phoneme production, even with a covert contrast, may indicate poor perception of the collapsed phonemes.
Similar shot profile morphology of fast variability in a cataclysmic variable, X-ray binary, and blazar: The MV Lyrae case
Authors: Dobrotka A. , Negoro H. , Mineshige S. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The cataclysmic variable MV Lyr has been found to be present in the Kepler field, yielding a light curve with the duration of almost 1500 days with 60 s cadence. Such high quality data of this nova-like system with obvious fast optical variability reveal multi-component power density spectra, as shown by previous works.
Aims. Our goal is to study the light curve from a different point of view and perform a shot profile analysis. We search for characteristics that have not been discovered with standard methods based on power density spectrum.
Methods. The shot profile method identifies individual shots in the light curve and averages these shots to reveal all substructures with typical timescales. We also tested the robustness of our analysis using a simple shot noise model. Although the principle of this method is not completely physically correct, we used it as a purely phenomenological approach.
Results. We obtain mean profiles with multi-component features. The shot profile method distinguishes substructures with similar timescales which appear as a single degenerate feature in power density spectra. Furthermore, this method yields the identification of another high frequency component in the power density spectra of Kepler and XMM-Newton data that have not been detected so far. Moreover, we found side lobes accompanied with the central spike, making the profile very similar to the Kepler data of blazar W2R 1926+42 and the Ginga data of Cyg X-1. All three objects show similar timescale ratios of the rising versus declining part of the central spikes, while the two binaries also have similar rising profiles of the shots described by a power-law function.
Conclusions. The similarity of both binary shot profiles suggests that the shots originate from the same origin, namely, aperiodic mass accretion in the accretion disc. Moreover, the similarity with the blazar may imply that the ejection fluctuations in the blazar jet are connected to accretion fluctuations driving the variability in binaries. This points out the connection between the jet and the accretion disc.
Intraductal temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation in malignant hilar obstruction: a preliminary study in animals and initial human experience
Authors: Kim Eui Joo , Cho Jae Hee , Kim Yoon Jae , Lee Tae Hoon , Kim Joon Mee , Jeong Seok , Kim Yeon Suk 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (ID-RFA) is a recently developed method widely used for treatment of malignant extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions. However, its safety in hilar application has yet to be clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of ID-RFA in the treatment of malignant hilar obstruction.
Patients and methods Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography followed by temperature-controlled ID-RFA at the hilar area using different probe lengths (11, 18, and 22 mm) and settings (7 or 10 W for 60 – 120 s) was performed in six mini-pigs. In addition, patients with malignant hilar obstruction who underwent palliative ID-RFA were retrospectively evaluated.
Results In the animal study using different ID-RFA settings, post-ID-RFA fluoroscopic radiocontrast leakage and microscopic bile duct perforation with hepatic abscess were observed in four of the six mini-pigs. Only two of the them, in which an 11-mm ID-RFA probe at a target temperature of 80 °C, power of 7 W, and duration of 60 s was used, underwent successful ID-RFA without any immediate adverse events (AEs). Clinically, ID-RFA was performed using the 11-mm probe with the setting of 80 °C, 7 W, and 60 – 120 s for malignant hilar obstruction, and total of 11 patients underwent successful ID-RFA without AEs.
Conclusions Our study suggests that ID-RFA performed using a short-length probe with settings of 80 °C, 7 W and 60 – 120 s is a safe and feasible palliative treatment for malignant hilar obstruction.
Effects of Interrupting Sitting with Use of a Treadmill Desk Versus Prolonged Sitting on Postural Stability
Authors: Charalambous Laura H. , Champion Rachael B. , Smith Lindsey R. , Mitchell Andrew C. S. , Bailey Daniel P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh amounts of sitting increase the risk of non-communicable disease and mortality. Treadmill desks make it possible to reduce sitting during the desk-based workerʼs day. This study investigated the acute effect on postural stability of interrupting prolonged sitting with an accumulated 2-h of light-intensity treadmill desk walking. Twenty-one sedentary adults participated in this randomized acute crossover trial, with two 6.5 h conditions: 1) uninterrupted sitting and 2) interrupted sitting with accumulated 2 h light-intensity treadmill desk walking. Pre- and post-condition, participants performed four postural stability tests on a pressure plate (bipedal and unipedal standing stance, eyes open and eyes closed). Anteroposterior center of pressure amplitude showed a significant condition x time interaction in bipedal eyes closed (F(1,20)=4.62, p=0.046) and unipedal eyes open (F(1,20)=9.42, p=0.006) tests, and mediolateral center of pressure amplitude in bipedal eyes closed (F(1,20)=6.12, p=0.023) and bipedal eyes open (F(1,12)=5.55, p=0.029) tests. In the significant interactions, amplitude increased pre to post condition in the uninterrupted sitting condition. The accumulated 2 h light-intensity treadmill desk walking ameliorated the negative effect of 6.5 h prolonged sitting on postural sway, supporting workplace treadmill desk use.
Unraveling the Molecular Basis for Successful Thyroid Hormone
Replacement Therapy: The Need for New Thyroid Tissue- and Pathway-Specific
Biomarkers
Authors: Nock Sebastian , Höfig Carolin , Harder Lisbeth , Schomburg Lutz , Brabant Georg , Mittag Jens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThyroid function is conventionally assessed by measurement of thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) and free circulating thyroid hormones, which is in most cases
sufficient for correct diagnosis and monitoring of treatment efficiency.
However, several conditions exist, in which these parameters may be insufficient
or even misleading. For instance, both, a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and a
mutation of thyroid hormone receptor β present with high levels of TSH
and circulating hormones, but the optimal treatment is substantially different.
Likewise, changes in thyroid hormone receptor α signaling are not
captured by routine assessment of thyroid status, as serum parameters are
usually inconspicuous. Therefore, new biomarkers are urgently needed to improve
the diagnostic management and monitor treatment efficiency for e. g.,
replacement therapy in hypothyroidism or thyroid hormone resistance. By
comparing animal models to human data, the present minireview summarizes the
status of this search for new tissue- and pathway-specific biomarkers of thyroid
hormone action.
Ossified Occipital Pseudomeningocele following Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction
Authors: Bhatt Anusha S. , Mishra Ajit M. , Mhatre Radhika , Nandeesh Bevinahalli N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOssification of pseudomeningocele is a rare occurrence and is one of the rare complications of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt malfunction. We report a case of 12-year-old boy who came with features of raised intracranial pressure following shunt malfunction which was placed as a treatment to the aqueductal stenosis. Computed tomography showed ventriculomegaly and hypodense collection in the occiput with posterior rim of calcification. The findings were confirmed on histopathology. Although ossified pseudomeningocele is a rare entity following VP shunt placement, it should be suspected if patients present with aggravated symptoms, especially if there is shunt malfunction as the treatment option varies with the presence or absence of resultant symptoms and ossification.
Optimizing Burr Hole Placement for Craniotomy: A Technical Note
Authors: Rai Survendra Kumar Rajdeo , Dandpat Saswat Kumar , Jadhav Dikpal , Ranjan Shashi , Shah Abhidha , Goel Atul H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Usually, burr holes are placed along the line of a craniotomy. We describe a novel technique of burr hole placement to obtain smooth and beveled bony margin without any troughs and crests. Dural separation is obtained by minimizing the number
of burr holes required.
Methods Fifty craniotomies of diameter ranging from 3.5 to 11.5 cm were accomplished by placing burr hole in the center of bone flap rather than along the craniotomy line permitting 360 degrees of dura separation dependent on the length of dura separator. Craniotomy < 9 cm in diameter was performed by placing a single burr hole and a larger size craniotomy was performed with two burr holes. Parasagittal craniotomy was performedby placing burr hole not > 2.5 cm away from expected craniotomy site, namely superior sagittal sinus area enabling separation of adhered dura and venous sinuses. The bone cutter was used in a particular fashion to create smooth margin and beveled edges.
Results Craniotomy < 9 cm in diameter was possible with single burr hole in 34 cases. Craniotomy larger than 9 cm in size was performed in 16 cases with double burr hole by strategically placing burr in the center of the desired bone flap. The craniotomy was achieved in all cases without damaging dura and venous structures.
Conclusions An optimally placed single burr hole is sufficient for small to moderately large size craniotomy. Larger size craniotomy is possible with minimum numbers of burr holes. This achieves good cosmesis and avoids sinking of the bone flap.
Persistent Enlarged Occipital Sinus with Absent Unilateral Transverse Sinus
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe occipital sinus may occasionally remain patent, but the incidence is extremely low and observed in less than 10% of cases. A persistent patent occipital sinus (POS) may be associated with other venous sinus abnormality. The absence of transverse sinus in association with POS is an extremely rare condition and not reported yet. The neuroradiologist, neurosurgeons, otolaryngologist, and neurologist must be aware of the possible existence of POS and other associated venous sinus anomaly, as its warrants very crucial modification of surgical planning, selection of appropriate approaches, and, additionally, may also critically limit the extent of surgical exposure of target, and may hinder intended extent of surgical excision of tumor and associated possibility of injury to POS, which may produce catastrophic hemorrhage, brain swelling, and neurosurgical morbidity. The authors report a 35-year-old male who underwent suboccipital craniotomy for right-side giant acoustic schwannoma. Following the raising bone flap, a markedly prominent, turgid, occipital sinus was observed, not placed exactly in the midline but deviated to the right side, causing further restraining of dural opening. Surgical nuances and intraoperative difficulty encountered along with pertinent literature is reviewed briefly.
Neurology-Psychiatry Interface: Uncommon Presentation of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Singh Shipra , Hooda Priyanka , Singh Nishtha , Shekhawat Lokesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare arteriopathy associated with cerebral ischemia, due to stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches and primarily presenting with stroke. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as acute psychosis, manic symptoms, attention deficits, and behavioral problems are reported in relation to MMD. We describe here a case of an adult female, who presented with headache, easy irritability, and suspiciousness against family members, inability to identify familiar objects and faces, and inability to perform activities easily done earlier. This case appears informative as the presence and excessive importance given to behavioral symptoms lead to substantial delay in her diagnosis.
Assessment of Knowledge on Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and Early Treatment Approaches of Stroke among Community Adults in North India: A Telephone Interview Survey
Authors: Chhabra Manik , Gudi Sai Krishna , Rashid Muhammed , Sharma Puneet , Sharma Shubham , Khan Hashim ,   Rohit
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background As stroke is a catastrophic illness, knowing its risk factors, early signs and symptoms, and management strategies could potentially prevent morbidity and mortality among the people.
Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the public cognizance of risk factors, signs and symptoms, and early treatment options available for stroke with particular emphases on thrombolysis, and its window period.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional telephonic interview-based survey was conducted in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh of North India from August 2017 to December 2017.
Results Of 350 respondents those participated in the survey with a mean age ± standard deviation of 39.93 ± 13.41 years, hypertension was found to be the most common risk factor among the study participants (n = 205, 58.57%) and 28.85% of the study participants were not aware of the risk factors, whereas 46% of the participants were not aware of warning signs of stroke. The window period of thrombolysis was compared with gender, and it was found that the higher number of male participants (n = 49) adduced the right window of thrombolysis (0–4.5 hours) as compared with the female participants (n = 26).
Conclusions Survey results suggested that there exists scant information about risk factors, alarming signs, and early treatment approaches among community adults toward stroke. In this regard, there is an immense need to conduct awareness camps related to stroke to educate the vulnerable public.
Medical Management after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Dave Shravan , Ajmera Veeral H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMedical management of the liver transplant recipient requires consideration of the complex interactions between the transplanted liver, immunosuppression and all organ systems. An aging transplant population, improvement in long-term liver transplant outcomes, and the increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as an indication for transplant have amplified the number of co-morbidities among post-transplant patients. In addition to balancing immunosuppression with infection risk, medical management of the transplanted patient includes monitoring for, and treating, recurrence of the primary liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and post-transplant neurologic and renal dysfunction. Additionally, general healthcare maintenance such as management of osteoporosis, immunizations, and screening for malignancy are essential in this high-risk population. In this review, we summarize the evidence behind best practices for the current medical management of the post liver transplant patient.
Percutaneous Management of Posttransplant Biliary Complications
Authors: Mitchell Jason W. , Maduabia Arthur I. , Cristescu Mircea , Peters Gail L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInterventional radiology plays a major role in the management of posttransplant biliary complications. This review aims to discuss biliary complications of liver transplantation and will outline the role of interventional radiology, diagnosis, and management of these problems.
Altered Expression of Heat Shock Protein-27 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 after Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Boraiah Vidyasagar , Modgil Shweta , Sharma Kaushal , Podder Vivek , Sivapuram Madhava Sai , Miranpuri Gurwattan S. , Anand Akshay , Goni Vijay 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to serious complications involving primary trauma and progressive loss due to inflammation, local ischemia, or infection. Despite a worldwide annual incidence of 15 to 40 cases per million, methylprednisolone is the only treatment available to alleviate neurologic dysfunction; therefore, research is currently focused on identifying novel targets by biochemical and molecular studies.
Purpose Here, we investigated the expression of various molecular markers at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level at day 0 and day 30 post-SCI.
Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the expression of CASPASE-3 and heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27) in serum samples. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the level of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, HSP-27, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CASPASE-3.
Results HSP-27 expression at day 30, as compared with day 0, showed significant downregulation. In contrast, there was elevated expression of MCP-1. ELISA analysis showed no significant change in the expression of CASPASE-3 or HSP-27.
Conclusion There may be possible opposing role of HSP-27 and MCP-1 governing SCI. Their association can be studied by designing in vitro studies.
Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Placement of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in a Case of Hydrocephalus: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Musali Siddartha Reddy , Manne Srikrishnaditya , Beniwal Hemant K. , Butkuri Nagarjuna , Gollapudi Prakash Rao , Nandigama Pratap Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVentriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a frequently performed operation to achieve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion but is associated with many complications. Postoperative delayed intracerebral hemorrhage is a kind of rare but catastrophic complication of a VP shunt which questions the survival of a seemingly recovered patient. Here, we present one such case where the patient presented to casualty in altered sensorium and with a history of vomiting. On examination, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was E2V1M3; pupils were middilated but reactive. Computerized tomography of the brain showed ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus, and an emergency VP shunt was done. There was an initial phase of good recovery followed by sudden loss consciousness, vomiting, and a fall in the GCS scores on postoperative day 7. Computed tomography showed an intracerebral hematoma along the shunt track and an intraventricular bleed. The presumed cause for this occurrence is a deranged coagulation profile.
Poststroke Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath , Sharma Jitendra , Pathak Abhishek , Mishra Vijay Nath , Joshi Deepika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives Poststroke cognitive decline (PSCD) is a serious disabling consequence of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of PSCD and sociodemographic and clinical determinants of risk factors of PSCD.
Materials and Methods This study was a prospective, hospital-based study conducted on 200 stroke patients from stroke registry during October 2015 to April 2017. Detailed clinical evaluation was done. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were used to determine PSCD after 3 and 6 months as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V. Chi-squared test was used to find the association between two variables. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the difference in cognitive impairment between two follow-ups at 3 and 6 months, respectively. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results The prevalence of PSCD measured by MoCA scale at 3 and 6 months was 67 and 31.6%, respectively. By MMSE scale, cognitive decline prevalence at 3 months was found to be 87 (46.3%), which reduced to 22 (17.1%) at 6 months. The association between MMSE scale and type of stroke was significant at 3 months.
Conclusion One-third of the stroke patients developed PSCD within 3 months of onset of stroke, with different levels of severity. The major predictors of new-onset poststroke cognitive impairment were diabetes and hypertension. The prevalence of PSCD reduced significantly at 6 months of stroke on follow-up.
Demography, Pattern of Care, and Survival in Patients with Xanthoastrocytoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of 325 Cases
Authors: Mallick Supriya , Giridhar Prashanth , Benson Rony , Melgandi Wineeta , Rath Goura Kishor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives Xanthoastrocytoma (XA) is a low-grade glial tumor seen in young adults and there is lack of robust data on treatment of this rare tumor. In this systematic review and individual patient's data analysis, we aimed to look into the demography, pattern of care, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with both Grade II and III XA.
Methods A comprehensive search was conducted with the Medical Subject Heading terms: “Xanthoastrocytoma; Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma; Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma; Xanthoastrocytoma AND treatment; and Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma AND survival” to find all possible publications.
Results A total of 325 individual patients from a total of 138 publications pertaining to XA were retrieved. Median age of the entire cohort was 19 years. About 56.1% of the patients underwent a gross total resection (GTR) and 31.4% underwent a subtotal resection. Nearly, 76.6% of the patients had a Grade II tumor and adjuvant radiation was delivered in 27.4% of the patients. Estimated 2- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 68.5 and 51.2%, respectively. Age, grade, and extent of surgery were significant factors affecting PFS. Estimated 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 88.8 and 78%, respectively. The median OS for Grade II and Grade III tumors were 209 and 49 months, respectively. Age and extent of surgery were significant factors affecting OS.
Conclusion XA is a disease of young adults with favorable prognosis. Younger patients (<20 years), patients who undergo a GTR, and patients with a lower grade tumor have a better treatment outcome.