bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Malvaceae mystery: A mallow maelstrom of genome multiplications and maybe misleading methods?
Authors: Conover Justin L. , Karimi Nisa , Stenz Noah , Ané Cécile , Grover Corrinne E. , Skema Cynthia , Tate Jennifer A. , Wolff Kirsten , Logan Samuel A. , Wendel Jonathan F. , Baum David A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrevious research suggests that Gossypium has undergone a 5‐ to 6‐fold multiplication following its divergence from Theobroma. However, the number of events, or where they occurred in the Malvaceae phylogeny remains unknown. We analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data from representatives of eight of the nine Malvaceae subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear data placed Dombeya (Dombeyoideae) as sister to the rest of Malvadendrina clade, but the plastid DNA tree strongly supported Durio (Helicteroideae) in this position. Intraspecific Ks plots indicated that all sampled taxa, except Theobroma (Byttnerioideae), Corchorus (Grewioideae), and Dombeya (Dombeyoideae), have experienced whole genome multiplications (WGMs). Quartet analysis suggested WGMs were shared by Malvoideae‐Bombacoideae and Sterculioideae‐Tilioideae, but did not resolve whether these are shared with each other or Helicteroideae (Durio). Gene tree reconciliation and Bayesian concordance analysis suggested a complex history. Alternative hypotheses are suggested, each involving two independent autotetraploid and one allopolyploid event. They differ in that one entails an allopolyploid origin for the Durio lineage, whereas the other invokes an allopolyploid origin for Malvoideae‐Bombacoideae. We highlight the need for more genomic information in the Malvaceae and improved methods to resolve complex evolutionary histories that may include allopolyploidy, incomplete lineage sorting, and variable rates of gene and genome evolution.
Acquisition of deleterious mutations during potato polyploidization
Authors: Lian Qun , Tang Die , Bai Zhiyan , Qi Jianjian , Lu Fei , Huang Sanwen , Zhang Chunzhi 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPotatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) represent an important tuber crop, worldwide. During its prolonged clonal propagation, numerous deleterious mutations have accumulated in the potato genome, leading to severe inbreeding depression; however, the shaping of this mutation burden during polyploidization and improvement is largely unknown. Here, we sequenced 20 diploid landraces of the Stenotomum group, eight tetraploid landraces, and 20 tetraploid modern cultivars, to analyze variations in their deleterious mutations. We show that deleterious mutations accumulated rapidly during the polyploidization of tetraploid potatoes. This study provides a foundation for future potato improvement.
TCP7 functions redundantly with several Class I TCPs and regulates endoreplication in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Zhao Hongtao , Zhang Chunguang , Li Xiaoyun , Lyu Yuanyuan , Qi Dongmei , Cui Yanwei , Hu Lin , Wang Zhenjie , Liang Zheng , Cui Sujuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plant‐specific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy among class I TCP limits the analysis of their biological roles. Here, we identified a dominant‐negative mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP7 named leaf curling‐upward (lcu), which exhibits smaller leaf cells and shorter hypocotyls than the wild type, due to defective endoreplication. A septuple loss‐of‐function mutant of TCP7, TCP8, TCP14, TCP15, TCP21, TCP22, and TCP23 displayed similar developmental defects to those of lcu. Genome‐wide RNA‐sequencing showed that lcu and the septuple mutant share many misexpressed genes. Intriguingly, TCP7 directly targets the CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) locus and activates its transcription. We determined that the C‐terminus of TCP7 accounts for its transcriptional activation activity. Furthermore, the mutant protein LCU exhibited reduced transcriptional activation activity due to the introduction of an EAR‐like repressive domain at its C‐terminus. Together, these observations indicate that TCP7 plays important roles during leaf and hypocotyl development, redundantly, with at least six class I TCPs, and regulates the expression of CYCD1;1 to affect endoreplication in Arabidopsis.
Factors affecting parents’ satisfaction with pediatric wards
Authors: Tsironi Spyridoula , Koulierakis George 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship of parental satisfaction with sociodemographic variables and to identify the possible determinants in pediatric and surgical wards of two public pediatric hospitals in Greece.
Methods: The validated Swedish Pyramid Questionnaire that measures parental satisfaction with the quality of care was used. A convenience sample of 352 parents (response rate: 88%) was collected from two major pediatric public hospitals in Athens, Greece, from February to April, 2016. The satisfaction questions focused on eight domains: information on illness, information on routines, accessibility, medical treatment, care processes, staff attitudes, parental participation, and the staff work environment.ResultsThe parents of the hospitalized children were highly satisfied with the behavior of the healthcare providers and the medical and nursing care that was provided, but they were less satisfied with accessibility in the hospital. The marital status and child's length of stay in the hospital seemed to affect the most dimensions of parental satisfaction, with the married parents whose child's length of stay was short expressing higher levels of satisfaction.
Conclusion: Healthcare providers’ approaches should be modified for parental satisfaction to be improved and parents’ sociodemographics while providing health care. Nurses should enhance the quality of nursing care.
Mass spectrometry: A platform for biomarker discovery and validation for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Cilento Eugene M. , Jin Lorrain , Stewart Tessandra , Shi Min , Sheng Lifu , Zhang Jing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate, reliable, and objective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and related age‐associated neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed to assist in both diagnosis, particularly at early stages, and monitoring of disease progression. Technological advancements in protein detection platforms over the last few decades have resulted in a plethora of reported molecular biomarker candidates for both AD and PD; however, very few of these candidates are developed beyond the discovery phase of the biomarker development pipeline, a reflection of the current bottleneck within the field. In this review, the expanded use of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) targeted mass spectrometry will be discussed in detail as a platform for systematic verification of large panels of protein biomarker candidates prior to costly validation testing. We also advocate for the coupling of discovery‐based proteomics with modern targeted MS‐based approaches (e.g., SRM) within a single study in future workflows to expedite biomarker development and validation for AD and PD. It is our hope that improving the efficiency within the biomarker development process by use of an SRM pipeline may ultimately hasten the development of biomarkers that both decrease misdiagnosis of AD and PD and ultimately lead to detection at early stages of disease and objective assessment of disease progression.
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This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
The distribution of the proteoglycan FORSE‐1 in the developing mouse central nervous system
Authors: Kelly Albert , O'Malley Aisling , Redha Mohammad , O'Keeffe Gerard W. , Barry Denis S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlycosylation is a major post‐translational modification in which a carbohydrate known as a glycan is enzymatically attached to target proteins which regulate protein folding and stability. Glycans are strongly expressed in the developing nervous system where they play multiple roles during development. The importance of these glycan epitopes in neural development is highlighted by a group of conditions known as congenital disorders of glycosylation which lead to psychomotor difficulties, mental retardation, lissencephaly, microencephaly and epilepsy. One of these glycan epitopes, known as Lewis X, is recognised by the FORSE‐1 antibody and is regionally expressed in the developing nervous system. In this study, we report the regional and temporal expression patterns of FORSE‐1 immunolabelling during the periods of neurogenesis, gliogenesis and axonogenesis in developing mouse nervous system. We demonstrate the localisation of FORSE‐1 on subsets of neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, and in compartments corresponding to axon tract formation. These spatial, temporal and regional expression patterns are suggestive of roles in the determination of different cell lineages and in the patterning of white matter during development, and help provide insights into the neuroanatomical regions affected by congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs‐2‐deficient mice
Authors: Catalano‐Iniesta Leonardo , Sánchez‐Robledo Virginia , Iglesias‐Osma Maria Carmen , García‐Barrado Maria José , Carretero‐Hernández Marta , Blanco Enrique J. , Vicente‐García Teresa , Burks Deborah Jane , Carretero José 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInsulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs‐2) is an intracellular protein susceptible to phosphorylation after activation of the insulin receptor. Its suppression affects testis development and its absence induces peripheral resistance to insulin. The aim of this study was to identify changes induced by the deletion of Irs‐2 in the testicular structure and by the altered expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase, a protein necessary for the development and maturation of germ cells. Adult knockout (KO) mice (Irs‐2−/−, 6 and 12 weeks old) and age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed to study proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (active caspase‐3) and P450 aromatase expression in testicular histological sections. Deletion of Irs‐2 decreased the number of epithelial cells in the seminiferous tubule and rete testis. Aberrant cells were frequently detected in the epithelia of Irs‐2−/− mice, accompanied by variations in spermatogonia, which were shown to exhibit small hyperchromatic nuclei as well as polynuclear and anuclear structures. The amount of cell proliferation was significantly lower in Irs‐2−/− mice than in WT mice, whereas apoptotic processes were more common in Irs‐2−/− mice. Aromatase P450 reactivity was higher in 6‐week‐old KO mice than in WT mice of the same age and was even higher at 12 weeks. Our results suggest that Irs‐2 is a key element in spermatogenesis because silencing Irs‐2 induces the sequential development of testicular atrophy. The effects are observed mainly in germ cells present in the seminiferous tubule, which may be due to changes in cytochrome P450 aromatase expression.
Morbidity and cause‐specific mortality in first‐time myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Eggers K. M. , Hjort M. , Baron T. , Jernberg T. , Nordenskjöld A. M. , Tornvall P. , Lindahl B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is receiving increasing interest as a prognostically adverse entity distinct from myocardial infarction with significant coronary artery disease (MI‐CAD). However, data are still limited regarding long‐term cardiovascular morbidity and cause‐specific mortality in MINOCA.MethodsThis is a registry‐based cohort study using data from patients admitted to Swedish coronary care units. We investigated various nonfatal outcomes (recurrent MI, hospitalization for heart failure or stroke) and fatal outcomes (cardiovascular, respiratory or cancer‐related mortality) in 4069 patients without apparent acute cardiovascular disease, used as non‐MI controls, 7266 patients with first‐time MINOCA and 69 267 patients with first‐time MI‐CAD.ResultsAlmost all event rates (median follow‐up 3.8 years) increased in a stepwise fashion across the three cohorts [rates of major adverse events (MAE; composite of all‐cause mortality, recurrent MI, hospitalization for heart failure or stroke): n = 268 (6.6%), n = 1563 (21.5%), n = 17 777 (25.7%), respectively]. Compared to non‐MI controls, MINOCA patients had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval 1.84–2.43) regarding MAE. MINOCA patients had a substantial risk of cardiovascular mortality and the highest numerical risks of respiratory and cancer‐related mortality. Male sex, previous heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had a stronger prognostic impact in MINOCA than in MI‐CAD. Female MINOCA patients with atrial fibrillation were at particular risk.ConclusionsPatients with first‐time MINOCA have a considerable risk of adverse events. This stresses the need for a comprehensive search of the cause of MINOCA, thorough treatment of underlying disease triggers and close follow‐up.
Immigration and Receiving Communities: The Utility of Threats and Emotions in Predicting Action Tendencies toward Refugees, Asylum‐Seekers and Economic Migrants
Authors: Abeywickrama R.S. , Laham S.M. , Crone D.L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraditional accounts of intergroup bias often fail to consider the complexity of intergroup phenomena by insufficiently distinguishing between (a) attitudes, emotions and action tendencies, (b) classes of threat that promote intergroup bias and (c) subtle category distinctions amongst social groups. We develop a nuanced account of antimigrant bias by distinguishing between (a) manifestations of bias in emotions and action tendencies, (b) kinds of threat that drive antimigrant bias, and (c) kinds of migrant groups (economic migrants, refugees, and asylum‐seekers). By employing within‐subjects designs in two prominent migrant‐receiving countries (NAustralia= 239,NUS= 200), we find that two distinct classes of threat emerge:in‐group morality threatandconflict‐related threat. These threats predict specific emotion and action tendency profiles. Our findings carry important implications for the conceptualization of antimigrant bias. We also discuss implications of our findings for facilitating positive relations between receiving communities and migrants via in‐group morality threat.
Adding a Community Focus to the Psychological Investigation of Immigration Issues and Policies
Authors: Silka Linda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs we have seen in many of the articles in this issue, a major goal of research on a topic as important as immigration is to ensure that the research is targeted where it is likely to have the greatest impact. Immigration studies are becoming increasingly important in the face of growing numbers of immigrants seeking to move to immigrant‐receiving countries, numbers that are predicted to increase with climate change, escalating international conflicts, and global economic instabilities. To address the changing immigration scene, psychologists have been extending their reach beyond the traditional domain of psychology—the study of the micro level (the individual)—to link with macro levels (such as the country level). Yet, between these two levels is the community level, where daily life takes place. Community psychologists have long shown the importance of including this highly complex level if research by psychologists is to have policy impacts. This is not only where everyday activities take place but this is where a surprising number of the policy levers exist that have the potential to effect change. This article argues that several steps will be important as psychologists bring their research expertise to advancing an understanding at the community level of immigrant experiences: researching the complex systems at the community level, integrating psychological research with insights from other disciplines, and taking seriously what thought‐leaders have begun to argue about the importance of integrating scales from micro to meso to macro to ensure impact and usability of research. This is a call to raise the profile of community psychology. It is a call to integrate community focus in other areas of psychological research. And it is a call to conduct interdisciplinary work that integrates community focus by sociologists, anthropologists and researchers from other disciplines.
Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microflora in growing pigs
Authors: Zhang Jian Ying , Kim Yong Min , Kim In Ho 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet)，ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1–3, 3–6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3–6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.
Comparison between different isoelectric points of biodegradable gelatin sponges incorporating β‐tricalcium phosphate and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 for ridge augmentation: A preclinical study of saddle‐type defects in dogs
Authors: Fukuba Shunsuke , Akizuki Tatsuya , Hoshi Shu , Matsuura Takanori , Shujaa Addin Ammar , Okada Munehiro , Tabata Yasuhiko , Matsui Makoto , Tabata Makoto J. , Sugiura‐Nakazato Makoto , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIt is well known that recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) signaling plays an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. rhFGF‐2 strongly binds to acidic gelatin via ionic linkages and is gradually released upon gelatin decomposition. On the other hand, the linkage between rhFGF‐2 and basic gelatin is so weak that most rhFGF‐2 is rapidly released from basic gelatin by simple desorption. Gelatin/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) sponges, which comprise 50 wt% gelatin and 50 wt% β‐TCP in a cross‐linked structure, can release rhFGF‐2 gradually owing to their electrical features. In a previous study, we reported that new bone height in the test group using rhFGF‐2 with acidic gelatin/β‐TCP sponges was significantly greater than that in the control group using acidic gelatin/β‐TCP sponges alone in a ridge augmentation model in dogs. However, whether these results depend on controlled release by the gelatin/β‐TCP sponges remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effects of controlled release by comparing acidic and basic gelatin/β‐TCP sponges with different isoelectric points (IEP) on ridge augmentation in dogs.Materials and MethodsTwelve weeks after extraction of the maxillary second and third incisors of six dogs, critically sized saddle‐type defects (8 mm length × 4 mm depth) were surgically created bilaterally 2 mm from the mesial side of the canine. Acidic gelatin/β‐TCP sponges (IEP 5.0) soaked with 0.3% rhFGF‐2 were applied to the defect in the acidic group, whereas basic gelatin/β‐TCP sponges (IEP 9.0) soaked with 0.3% rhFGF‐2 were applied to the defect in the basic group. Twelve weeks after surgery, biopsy specimens were obtained and subjected to microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological analyses.ResultsNew bone area detected by micro‐CT analysis was significantly smaller in the basic group than in the acidic group. New bone height calculated by histologic sections was significantly lower in the basic group than in the acidic group. The total tissue height was lower in the basic group than in the acidic group. However, the differences between both sites were not significant.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in ridge augmentation of saddle‐type defects, controlled release of rhFGF‐2 induces notably more alveolar bone formation than does short‐term application of rhFGF‐2.
Social inequalities in sleep‐disordered breathing: Evidence from the CoLaus|HypnoLaus study
Authors: Petrovic Dusan , Haba‐Rubio José , Carmeli Cristian , Vollenweider Peter , Heinzer Raphaël , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing is a common condition, related to a higher cardiometabolic and neurocognitive risk. The main risk factors for sleep‐disordered breathing include obesity, craniofacial characteristics, male sex and age. However, some studies have suggested that adverse socioeconomic circumstances and lifestyle‐related behaviours such as smoking and alcohol use, may also be risk factors for sleep‐disordered breathing. Here, we investigate the associations between socioeconomic status and sleep‐disordered breathing, as measured by sleep apnea–hypopnea and oxygen desaturation indexes. Furthermore, we assess whether these associations are explained by lifestyle‐related factors (smoking, sedentary behaviour, alcohol use and body mass index [BMI]). We used data from the CoLaus|HypnoLaus study, a population‐based study including 2162 participants from Lausanne (Switzerland). Socioeconomic status was measured through occupation and education. Sleep‐disordered breathing was assessed through polysomnography and measured using the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI: number of apnea/hypopnea events/hr: ≥15/≥30 events), and the ≥3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI: number of oxygen desaturation events/hr: ≥15/≥30 events). Lower occupation and education were associated with higher AHI and ODI (occupation: AHI30, odds ratio (OR) = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.07; 3.31]; ODI30, OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.19; 4.39]; education: AHI30, OR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.85; 1.72]; ODI30, OR = 1.26, 95% CI [0.83; 1.91]). BMI was associated with socioeconomic status and AHI/ODI, and contributed to the socioeconomic gradient in SDB, with mediation estimates ranging between 43% and 78%. In this Swiss population‐based study, we found that low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for sleep‐disordered breathing, and that these associations are partly explained by BMI. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying social differences in sleep‐disordered breathing and may help implement policies for identifying high‐risk profiles for this disorder.