bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain Influences Lower Extremity Energetics During Landing Cutting in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Oh Minsub , Lee Hyunwook , Han Seunguk , Hopkins J. Ty 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients exhibit altered movement patterns during jump landing/cutting movements. Persistent pain is one of the residual symptoms that may affect movements. Calculating joint energetics affected by chronic pain offers a novel method to understand how chronic pain influences energetics of lower extremity joints in CAI patients.

Objective
To identify the effects of chronic pain on lower extremity energy dissipation and generation during jump landing and cutting in CAI patients.

Design
Cross-sectional Study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifteen CAI patients with higher pain (6 males, 9 females; age=22.1±2.1year; height=1.74±0.09m; mass=71.3±10.6kg, pain=66.9±9.4), 15 CAI patients with lower pain (6 males, 9 females; age=22.3±2.1year; height=1.74±0.08m; mass=70.1±10.7kg, pain=89.3±2.6), and 15 healthy controls (6 males, 9 females; age=21.3±1.7year; height=1.73±0.08m; mass=70±10.3kg, pain=100±0).

Main Outcome Measures
Ground reaction force data were collected during 5 trials of maximal jump landing/cutting tasks. Joint power was defined as the product of angular velocity and joint moment. Energy dissipation and generation by the ankle, knee, and hip joints were calculated by integrating regions of the joint power curve.

Results
CAI patients with higher pain displayed less ankle energy dissipation (p=.013 and p=.018) and generation in the ankle (p=.002 and p=.028) than CAI patients with lower pain and healthy controls during the jump landing/cutting phase. CAI patients with higher pain showed more hip energy generation than CAI patients with lower pain (P=.038) and healthy controls (P=.013) during the cutting phase.

Conclusions
CAI patients with higher pain changed both energy dissipation and generation in the lower extremities, reducing the burden of the ankle joint during jump landing/cutting and having a hip dominant compensatory strategy during the cutting phase. Our results suggest that chronic pain could be one of the factors that affect motor strategies in the CAI population.
The holy waters of En Four: Rituals, prayers, magic and mysticism
Authors: Meiring Arno M. 
Published: October 2024

Travellers on the N4 highway just east of Pretoria can see evidence of a sacred spring next to the road with pilgrims moving around the landscape and collecting water. This research explored this place – called ‘En Four’ by some – and described visits and conversations had at the site in 2024. The first part of the research narrated the encounters and recorded the local and anecdotal knowledge shared by pilgrims and visitors. The research then analysed the religious significance of the water-based rituals using Rodney Stark’s religion-sociological theory of religion: it identified evidence of magic, prayer, ritual and mysticism. Finally, a number of findings considered the use, value and care of water at this religious site: En Four offers various religious experiences, contributes to mental and physical health and may enhance social cohesion and understanding.Contribution: This research recorded an important, but still undocumented, religious site, as well as the activities and rituals enacted at this place. It interpreted the African water-rituals uniquely from a religion-sociological perspective, also indicating its significance for both individuals and society. This contributed to an interreligious dialogue on, and reappreciation of water as being holy and transformative.
Revealing the boon and bane of South Africa’s disaster management legislation during COVID-19
Authors: Nemakonde Livhuwani D. , Kunguma Olivia 
Published: October 2024

Legislation provides a framework for effective and coordinated disaster preparedness and response. This article evaluates the strengths and shortcomings of South Africa’s disaster risk management (DRM) legislation in guiding the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its promulgation in 2002, South Africa’s DRM legislation has been hailed as one of the most progressive legislations globally. However, the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, commonly known as the COVID-19 pandemic, exposed inadequacies in most existing DRM legislation worldwide, including in South Africa. This led to an inadequate response to the pandemic. A content-based literature review was conducted. Forty-nine peer-reviewed articles, reports, op-eds and newspaper articles were included in the review. The review highlighted significant inadequacies of South African DRM legislation, including the placement of the National Disaster Management Centre and the establishment of new structures for COVID-19 response. Based on the findings of this study, disaster managers, as the primary implementers of the disaster management legislation, must motivate the constant review of the disaster management legislation as a way of mitigating social, economic, political and environmental impacts of disasters, which emanate from the inadequacies existing in the disaster legislation.Contribution: The study’s findings contribute to the effective management of the disaster management fraternity by suggesting amendment of the legislation based on the experience during the pandemic. The recommendations made to disaster managers will assist with responding appropriately to future pandemics and other disasters.
A tool for the assessment of the risk drivers and public perception of WASH in South Africa
Authors: Madikizela Phindile , Limson Janice , Fogel Ronen , Ristvej Jozef , Tandlich Roman 
Published: October 2024

Temporal trend analysis of the Google-search volumes and terms related to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in South Africa was performed using a computer plugin between January 2004 and June 2022. This study was conducted as WASH has played an important role in the containment of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and it is also one of the most effective and easiest-to-deploy tools in decreasing risk from infectious diseases. For the WASH-related terms, the monthly search volumes ranged from the minimum average of 480 for pit latrines to the maximum of 30236 for diarrhea or diarrhoea for the studied period. The Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from –0.29462 to 0.96647, with the p-values ranging from 0.00001 to 0.28789. On a yearly basis, there was a direct correlation between the WASH-related search volumes extracted and the access of the South African population to basic water and sanitation. There was an inverse relationship between the WASH-related search volumes extracted on an annual basis and the death rates from diarrhoeal diseases among children under 5 years of age in South Africa between 2004 and 2020. Results of the current study indicate that a Google-derived search volume can be useful in the assessment of the public’s interest in WASH-related topics in South Africa.Contribution: Therefore, the study findings could be used to optimise the design and targeting of public awareness campaigns on WASH during the coronavirus pandemic or similar infectious disease burdens and related disaster risks.
Statutory and policy-based eco-disaster risk reduction in SADC member states
Authors: Covele Alfredo A. , Van Niekerk Dewald , Cilliers Dirk 
Published: October 2024

Effective legislative framework is the cornerstone of managing hazards and disasters because they have become policy problems of global and local concern. This research study aims at understanding the implementation, strengths and gaps of policies related to Eco-DRR in SADC member states. In particular, attempts to critically analyse the making of DRM policies, as well as the variables underpinning these policies, given the high level of disaster losses. A literature survey was conducted to contextualise and conceptualise statutory and policy-based Eco-DRR. Academic literature on Eco-DRR and related policies, journal articles and related policies, official documents in SADC states including policies, acts, legislations, strategies, frameworks and plans were consulted. The analysis revealed that the Eco-DRR approaches have not yet been mainstreamed as part of standards of DRM in most of SADC member states, opting largely on ad hoc practice. Short-term plans and/or strategies don’t help to articulate funding and programme priorities. In addition, irregular updating of policies in some member states and a lack of following up mechanisms were noted.Contribution: To change this reality, it is necessary to include Eco-DRR in strategies and/or plans and to standardise ecosystem-based measures for reducing disaster risks. Additionally, there is an urgent need for empowerment of the existing institutions and creation of networks that are driven by SADC institutions. Overall, it is evident that there is a regional interest and demand to apply and standardise ecosystem-based approaches and natural or green infrastructure solutions toward Eco-DRR.
Knowledge and perceptions of South African blood donors towards biobanking and stool donation
Authors: Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Du Toit Elloise , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet , Kullin Brian , Bellairs Gregory , Hilton Caroline , Chicken Anika , Welp Kirsten , Livingstone Hannah , Brink Adrian 
Published: October 2024

Background: The complexity of contexts and varied purposes for which biome donation are requested are unknown in South Africa.Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide strategic data towards actualisation of whether a stool donor bank may be established as a collaborative between Western Cape Blood Services (WCBS) and the University of Cape Town (UCT).Method: We designed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey to determine willingness of WCBS blood donors to donate stool specimens for microbiome biobanking. The study was conducted between 01 June 2022 and 01 July 2022 at three WCBS donation centres in Cape Town, South Africa. Anonymous blood donors who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Anonymised demographic and interview data were analysed statistically.Results: Analysis of responses from 209/231 blood donors demonstrated in a logistic regression model that compensation (p 0.001) and ‘societal benefit outweighs inconvenience’ beliefs (p = 7.751e-05) were covariates significantly associated with willingness to donate stool. Age was borderline significant at a 5% level (p = 0.0556). Most willing stool donors indicated that donating stool samples would not affect blood donations (140/157, 90%). Factors decreasing willingness to donate were stool collection being unpleasant or embarrassing.Conclusion: The survey provides strategic data for the establishment of a stool bank and provided an understanding of the underlying determinants regarding becoming potential donors.Contribution: This is the first report on the perspectives of potential participants in donating samples towards a stool microbiome biobank in South Africa, a necessity for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Introduction of Formal Training of Interns in Breaking Bad News in an Empathetic Manner through a Structured Module
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Mahajan Rajiv , Panditrao Mridul Madhav , Kaur Kamaljeet 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Due to lack of formal training, young doctors cannot deliver bad news in a way that is expected by patients and their attendants, thereby jeopardizing doctor–patient relationship.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to train interns about “breaking bad news” to the patients using a structured module.

Materials and Methods:
A workshop comprising interactive lectures and videos followed by debriefing, and discussion was conducted for interns. Pre/posttest, workshop feedback evaluation, and a group activity based on article case were conducted, followed by discussion. An assessment of skills based on a checklist was done after 15 days of workshop in simulated conditions.

Results:
There was a significant difference in scores of written tests taken by all 56 participants before and after the session (P < 0.0001). Almost all of them agreed that their ability to break bad news has improved, and they feel confident in breaking bad news after attending this session. During the assessment of the skill of breaking bad news, most of them fell into the category of beginner after attending the workshop with a median of 2.

Conclusions:
A structured module is an effective method in improving the skills of the interns in sharing bad news with the patients.
To Develop and Implement a Preclinical Operative Dentistry Module to Enhance Class-II Cavity Preparation Training
Authors: Atwal Preet Kanwal , Kwatra Gagandeep , Jain Ritu , Dua Kapil Krishan , Khanna Shivani , Gupta Vivek Vardhan 
Published: October 2024

Background:
A competent dental undergraduate at the preclinical level will ensure a confident transition into clinics and quality treatment for patients. Cavity preparation of a tooth is one of the key competencies in dentistry. A preclinical training module was introduced to enhance the skill training and improve students’ learning.

Aim:
This study aims to develop and implement a preclinical operative dentistry module to enhance Class-II cavity preparation training.

Methodology:
Feedback was taken from the 3rd year undergraduate batch regarding the preclinical operative dentistry training. Based on the feedback, a training module was developed and implemented for Class-II cavity preparation for 2nd year dental students. The three-stage intervention included a preparatory intervention with a Prebrief PowerPoint presentation, followed by a live demonstration of the Class-II cavity preparation and access to a video demonstration. In the third stage, formative assessments were conducted with the help of an assessment rubric. At the end, student and faculty perceptions were gathered using a feedback survey.

Results:
Most students (98%) were satisfied with the training. All the faculty strongly agreed that the module should be part of future training. Video demonstration and rubric-based assessments were testified by 93% of students as the most helpful element of the module. Major themes after thematic analysis were a better understanding of the procedure, enhanced visualization, the ability to identify areas for improvement, and boosted confidence for final exams.

Conclusions:
The preclinical training module successfully met the needs of the participating undergraduate students. Video demonstration proved a beneficial digital learning resource.
The Empathy Quandary in Postgraduate Medical Training
Authors: Bhagat Purvi Raj , Kinjal Y. Trivedi , Vijay Rajput 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Empathy stands as a cornerstone of humanistic qualities and is essential in healthcare for understanding and alleviating emotional suffering. Despite its necessity, formal empathy training remains elusive in postgraduate medical education across the globe, contributing to decline of humanistic practice among trainees. This study aims to assess and establish the need for empathy training by evaluating the perspectives of postgraduate trainees and faculty.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in a medical college of western India in 2023. Three online validated questionnaires were used to assess empathy-related perceptions among faculty and postgraduate trainees across various specialties. The questionnaires focused on demographic data, importance of empathy in patient care, empathy training, perceived levels of empathy, reasons for shortfalls in empathetic behavior and recommendations for nurturing empathy. Data were analyzed quantitatively and thematically.

Results:
A total of 150 and 127 responses were gathered and analyzed from faculty and trainees, respectively. Excessive workload, lack of formal training, and technology-dependent fast paced lifestyle were attributed for lack of empathy in clinical care. All the faculty agreed that empathy training is essential and majority (67%) believed that lack of empathetic behavior led to dissatisfaction among patients and caregivers.

Conclusion:
Empathetic communication and behaviors are fundamental competencies for health-care professionals. There is need for a structured training for empathy in postgraduate medical curriculum.
Artificial intelligence in suicide prevention: Utilizing deep learning approach for early detection
Authors: Gaur Vikas , Maggu Gaurav , Bairwa Khushboo , Chaudhury Suprakash , Dhamija Sana , Ali Tahoora 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Suicide among students is increasing in India and is a matter of grave concern. Early identification of students contemplating suicide would facilitate emergency intervention and may save precious lives.

Aim:
Our primary objective was to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) model employing an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture to predict students at risk of suicidal tendencies. This initiative was prompted by the necessity to implement a proactive and technologically driven strategy for identifying competitive exam-bound students facing heightened vulnerability. The aim was to facilitate timely interventions aimed at reducing the risk of self-harm.

Materials and Methods:
An AI model utilizing ANNs is devised for suicide risk prediction among exam-stressed students. A 33-feature input layer is curated based on literature and expert insights, with binary features assigned weighted values. A rigorous hyperparameter optimization approach using the Optuna library to select the most effective neural network model. Ridge regression was used to determine bias or variance in the dataset. Training and testing of the model are conducted using fictional and simulated profiles, respectively, and model performance is assessed through statistical metrics and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, benchmarked against expert evaluations.

Result:
The AI model demonstrates exceptional predictive capabilities for suicide risk assessment among competitive exam students. Quantitative Metrics: The model’s accuracy of 98% aligns predictions with outcomes, distinguishing risk categories. Precision at 100% identifies cases within predicted risks, minimizing false positives. A recall of 97% identifies true risk cases, highlighting sensitivity. F1 Score: The model’s F1 score of 98% balances precision and recall, indicating overall performance. Cohen’s Kappa: With a coefficient of 1.00, the model’s substantial agreement with experts underscores its consistent classifications.

Conclusion:
The study introduces an AI model utilizing ANNs for suicide risk prediction among stressed students. High precision, recall, and accuracy align with expert evaluations, highlighting its promise for timely risk identification. The model’s efficiency in evaluating large populations swiftly indicates its clinical potential. Refinement and real-world validation remain future considerations.
Online compulsive buying behavior and its association with internet addiction, self-esteem, impulsiveness, and emotional distress among nursing students
Authors: Dixit Priyanshi , Phalswal Uma , Rathee Anjali , Devi Yumnam Surbala 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Compulsive buying behavior [CBB] or pathological buying (PB) is a psychiatric disorder of growing recognition and many psychosocial factors have been proposed to predispose or precipitate this predicament.

Aim:
To find out the association of compulsive buying behavior, emotional distress, self-esteem, internet addiction, and impulsiveness among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:
A web-based cross-sectional, online survey was conducted among nursing undergraduates to assess the association of compulsive buying behavior, emotional distress, self-esteem, internet addiction, and impulsiveness using total enumerative sampling from February 2024 to April 2024. Data were collected using self-administered PBS, IAT, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, BIS-Brief, and DASS-21 scales. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Frequency distribution, Bivariate correlation, and Multiple regression analysis were also used.

Results:
There were 410 participants with valid responses, and 207 [50.5%] fell into the category of pathological buying. The participant group “with pathological buying” was comparable with the group “not having pathological buying” in terms of sociodemographic statistics, preferred modality of purchasing stuff, and the “duration of daily internet use”. However, the DASS-21 and IAT scores were significantly higher among the participants “with pathological buying”. On regression analysis, both DASS and IAT scores were predicting the PBS scores.

Conclusion:
There is a significant association between pathological buying with internet addiction and psychological distress, but not with self-esteem, and impulsivity.
In Vitro Kinetic and Thermodynamic Staining Study of Three Energy Drinks on the Restorative Charisma Composite
Authors: Hamadamin Shireen Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The research utilized charisma composite resin, a dental restorative material known for its esthetic properties, with the chemical formula 2,2-bis[p(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxy propoxyphenyl)] propane. The primary objective of the study was to examine the overall color change (ΔE*ab) of the charisma resin after it was subjected to three distinct energy drink solutions: Monster Energy Ultra-Sunrise, Wild Tiger, and Red Bull. Further we examined the effects of temperature and time on the staining interaction and overall color difference ΔE*ab on the surface of charisma restorative resin generated by three energy drink.

Materials and Methods:
A microfilled Charisma Classic composite resin was used in presented comparative study selected. The prepared 144 composite disk samples (subdivided n=48) with random allocation method were used for the three energy drinks to determine the effect of temperature and time over the course of 90 days. A metallic circulator mold was prepared. Every set of 48 specimens in the energy drink was heated in a water bath for 1, 7, 30, 60, and 90 days at four different temperatures This investigation spanned various time intervals, ranging from 1 to 90 days, and encompassed four temperature levels between 283 and 310 K. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the mean data for color change between the energy drinks, and Tukey’s post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
The study revealed that the rate of staining was most pronounced in the case of Wild Tiger, while it was comparatively lower for Monster Energy Ultra-Sunrise. These findings were established through an examination of the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of surface color changes in micro-hybrid composites treated with the three energy drink solutions.

Conclusions:
The observed patterns aligned with the pseudo second-order model. It was observed that the Red Bull drink displayed a negative activation energy, resulting in a slower color change rate with increase in temperature. In contrast, endothermic, spontaneous, and regular staining activity was demonstrated throughout time by Monster Energy Ultra-Sunrise and Wild Tiger.