bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Serum Urea, Creatinine and Hemoglobin Level in Chronic Renal Failure of Pre and Post Dialysis at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Kedir Endris , Yeshanew Addisu Gize 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate serum urea, creatinine and hemoglobin level in chronic renal failure pre and post dialysis at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methodology: Cross sectional study design was conducted From February to May 2017 to all chronic kidney failure patients Ethio-Egyptian Nephrology unit in SPHMMC Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 5 ml of the blood will be obtained from each patient before and after dialysis. Each sample was divided in to two; half of the blood was placed in tubes containing anticoagulant (EDTA) and half in clot activator tubes. Clotted blood was centrifuge to separate serum and used for the estimation of creatinine and urea. Non-clotted blood samples were used for complete blood count and hemoglobin in blood Analyzer Sysmax KX-21. Percentages of reduction in urea and creatinine values were calculated using the values of blood samples withdrawn from each patient before and after each hemodialysis sessions.
Results: A total of 33 chronic kidney patients participated in this study. Out of this only 26 patients (78.79%) attend the dialysis unit for four months the rest either passed away or kidney transplantation done. The study population comprised 80.8% male and 19.2% female. Before the dialysis, 12 (46.2%) patients serum urea level was 101-122 mg/dl, however after dialysis, 14 (53.8%) patients had serum urea level were between 20 – 50.99 mg/dl and 11 (42.3%) patients had serum urea level were between 51 – 100 mg/dl. Most of the patients, (53.8%) undergoing hemodialysis serum creatinine level before dialysis were between 7.6 – 10.5 mg/dl. The majority of patients’ (42.3%), serum creatinine level after dialysis was between 3.0 – 3.92 mg/dl. The majority (73.1%) of the patient hemoglobin level was between 7.0 – 11.0 mg/dl and 23.1% of the patients were between 11.1 – 14.0 mg/dl. Patients with chronic kidney disease have high serum urea and creatinine level before hemodialysis.
Conclusion: Hemodialysis decreases the burden of kidney in chronic kidney disease patients.
Unscented summation information‐weighted consensus filter for distributed sensor networks with incomplete information
Authors: Yao Peng , Liu Gang , Liu Yanfei , Tian Qi 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn order to improve network scalability and fault tolerance, the distributed sensor networks are desirable. However, the distributed state estimation becomes challenging when some sensors have insufficient information due to restricted observability, and/or have imparity information due to unequal measurement‐noise covariances. Centralized summation information‐fusion (CSI) model is presented which performs weighted least‐squares estimation for all measurement information to achieve the optimal centralized state estimation. The CSI model revises the initialization and covariance propagation in the original information‐weighted consensus filter (ICF). Since centralized information fusion is a summation mode and is approached by the average consensus protocol, all the covariances involved in the CSI model contain the information regarding the total number of nodes. The artificially preset initial values are considered as measurement information and fused in accordance with the CSI model. By combining the CSI model with unscented transform, distributed unscented summation information‐weighted consensus filter (USICF) is proposed. USICF realizes the nonlinear estimation in the context of highly incomplete information. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification showed that USICF achieves better performance than UICF that is based on ICF.
Advances in Biomaterials and Technologies for Vascular Embolization
Authors: Hu Jingjie , Albadawi Hassan , Chong Brian W. , Deipolyi Amy R. , Sheth Rahul A. , Khademhosseini Ali , Oklu Rahmi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive transcatheter embolization is a common nonsurgical procedure in interventional radiology used for the deliberate occlusion of blood vessels for the treatment of diseased or injured vasculature. A wide variety of embolic agents including metallic coils, calibrated microspheres, and liquids are available for clinical practice. Additionally, advances in biomaterials, such as shape‐memory foams, biodegradable polymers, and in situ gelling solutions have led to the development of novel preclinical embolic agents. The aim here is to provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technologies in endovascular embolization with respect to devices, materials, mechanisms, and design guidelines. Limitations and challenges in embolic materials are also discussed to promote advancement in the field.
Fluorinated 2D Lead Iodide Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Sha Tai‐Ting , Xiong Yu‐An , Pan Qiang , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Song Xian‐Jiang , Yao Jie , Miao Shu‐Rong , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Feng Zi‐Jie , You Yu‐Meng , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHybrid perovskite materials are famous for their great application potential in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Among them, lead‐iodide‐based perovskites receive great attention because of their good optical absorption ability and excellent electrical transport properties. Although many believe the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect (FEPV) plays a crucial role for the high conversion efficiency, the ferroelectricity in CH3NH3PbI3 is still under debate, and obtaining ferroelectric lead iodide perovskites is still challenging. In order to avoid the randomness and blindness in the conventional method of searching for perovskite ferroelectrics, a design strategy of fluorine modification is developed. As a demonstration, a nonpolar lead iodide perovskite is modified and a new 2D fluorinated layered hybrid perovskite material of (4,4‐difluorocyclohexylammonium)2PbI4, 1, is obtained, which possesses clear ferroelectricity with controllable spontaneous polarization. The direct bandgap of 2.38 eV with strong photoluminescence also guarantees the direct observation of polarization‐induced FEPV. More importantly, the 2D structure and fluorination are also expected to achieve both good stability and charge transport properties. 1 is not only a 2D fluorinated lead iodide perovskite with confirmed ferroelectricity, but also a great platform for studying the effect of ferroelectricity and FEPV in the context of lead halide perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic applications.
Precise Deciphering of Brain Vasculatures and Microscopic Tumors with Dual NIR‐II Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Guo Bing , Feng Zhe , Hu Dehong , Xu Shidang , Middha Eshu , Pan Yutong , Liu Chengbo , Zheng Hairong , Qian Jun , Sheng Zonghai , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiagnostics of cerebrovascular structures and microscopic tumors with intact blood–brain barrier (BBB) significantly contributes to timely treatment of patients bearing neurological diseases. Dual NIR‐II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is expected to offer powerful strength, including good spatiotemporal resolution, deep penetration, and large signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) for precise brain diagnostics. Herein, biocompatible and photostable conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CP NPs) are reported for dual‐modality brain imaging in the NIR‐II window. Uniform CP NPs with a size of 50 nm are fabricated from microfluidics devices, which show an emission peak at 1156 nm with a large absorptivity of 35.2 L g−1 cm−1 at 1000 nm. The NIR‐II fluorescence imaging resolves hemodynamics and cerebral vasculatures with a spatial resolution of 23 µm at a depth of 600 µm. The NIR‐II PAI enables successful noninvasive mapping of deep microscopic brain tumors (<2 mm at a depth of 2.4 mm beneath dense skull and scalp) with an SBR of 7.2 after focused ultrasound‐induced BBB opening. This study demonstrates that CP NPs are promising contrast agents for brain diagnostics.
Porphyrin‐Based Porous Organic Frameworks as Oxygen Reservoirs to Overcome Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wei Gaofei , Huang Liangfeng , Shen Yifeng , Huang Zeqian , Xu Xiaoyu , Zhao Chunshun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy kills cancer cells by transferring energy from lasers to tumor‐dissolved O2 to generate highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species using a photosensitizer. However, the effectiveness of PDT is impaired by the aggregation of photosensitizer and an inadequate oxygen supply in tumors. Here, to overcome above limitations, novel porous organic frameworks (POFs) are reported using photosensitizer porphyrin as building blocks connected through imine condensation reactions. Upon both characteristic with the high porosity and the large surface area, TAPP‐B4‐POFs exhibit excellent O2 carrying capacity. After carrying O2, O2@TAPP‐B4‐POFs generate ROS efficiency in both normoxic and hypoxic environment, which can induce cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, the antitumor experiment on 4T1 murine breast cancer model demonstrates that O2@TAPP‐B4‐POFs can almost completely suppress tumor progression with good security. These results reveal that photosensitizer‐based POFs materials are promising candidates as oxygen reservoirs to overcome tumor hypoxia for enhanced photodynamic therapy.
Advances in High‐Performance Carbon‐Nanotube Thin‐Film Electronics
Authors: Si Jia , Xu Lin , Zhu Maguang , Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe device standards necessary for high‐performance carbon nanotube (CNT) field‐effect transistors (FETs) for integrated circuits (ICs) are discussed by illustrating key device metrics. Recent advances in solution‐processed CNT network‐materials are introduced and some important progress made in CNT‐network film‐based transistors and ICs is explored. The status of aligned CNT thin‐film materials and representative work in high‐performance electronics is discussed. Finally, the major challenges to the further development of high‐performance CNT thin‐film electronics and the prospects in this exciting field are summarized.
Optimizing catalyst pore network structure in the presence of deactivation by coking
Authors: Ye Guanghua , Wang Haizhi , Zhou Xinggui , Keil Frerich J. , Coppens Marc‐Olivier , Yuan Weikang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDesigning the pore network structure is an effective approach to improve the performance of industrial catalyst particles, although it receives less attention than designing catalytic surfaces or active sites. This work presents a first example of the optimization of catalyst pore network structures in the presence of deactivation by coke formation, using a three‐dimensional pore network model. Propane dehydrogenation in a Pt‐Sn/Al2O3 catalyst particle is taken as the model reaction system. Catalyst particles with unimodal and bimodal pore‐size distributions are investigated, both being commonly used in industry. The porosity, connectivity, pore size, and their spatial distributions are optimized under two separate assumptions: constant intrinsic activity per unit catalyst weight and constant intrinsic activity per unit internal surface area. The optimized catalyst shows up to 14‐fold improvement in the time‐averaged propene formation rate, when compared to a benchmark catalyst. This significant improvement is primarily because of reductions in diffusion resistance and pore blockage.
Body proportionality and adiposity are not related in 6‐ to 8‐year‐old Yucatec Maya children
Authors: Vazquez‐Gomez Alonso , Ávila‐Escalante María Luisa , Azcorra Hugo , Varela‐Silva Maria Inês , Dickinson Federico 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the association between relative leg length (RLL) (leg length × 100/height) and adiposity in a sample of 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children of Maya ancestry from Motul and Merida, Mexico.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 260 children (128 girls) measured between 2011 and 2015. The RLL was used as a measure of body proportionality. Linear regression models were performed to examine the association between RLL (predictor) and three adiposity indicators (outcome variables): fat mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (z‐score), and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (z‐score).ResultsThe prevalence of stunting was 12%, and a higher prevalence (19%) of short RLL (leg stunting) was found. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 16% and 20%, respectively, but the highest prevalence was found for abdominal obesity (40%). None of the adiposity indicators were related to RLL (P > .05), even after adjusting for the influence of children's sex and age.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the coexistence of short RLL and high body adiposity is not observed in all populations. Our findings do not discount the possibility that a negative association between RLL and adiposity is expressed at older ages.
Refining the phenotype of the THG1L (p.Val55Ala mutation)‐related mitochondrial autosomal recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Walker Melissa A. , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Swoboda Kathryn , Lev Dorit , Blumkin Lubov 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRoughly 40 genes have been linked to autosomal recessive (AR) ataxia syndromes. Of these, at least 10 encode gene products localizing to the mitochondrion. tRNA‐histidine guanylyltransferase 1 like (THG1L) localizes to the mitochondrion and catalyzes the 3′–5′ addition of guanine to the 5′‐end of tRNA‐histidine. Previously, three siblings with early onset cerebellar dysfunction, developmental delay, pyramidal signs, and cerebellar atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reported to carry homozygous V55A mutations in THG1L. Fibroblasts derived from these individuals showed abnormal mitochondrial networks when subjected to obligatory oxidative phosphorylation. A carrier rate of 0.8%, but no THG1L V55A homozygotes, was found in a cohort of 3,232 unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, and no homozygotes were found in Exac or gnomAD. This variant is reported with an allelic frequency of 0.02% in Exac, and is not listed in gnomAD. A similar phenotype was recently reported for another, homozygous variant p.L294P was reported with a similar, but more severely affected phenotype [Shaheen et al. (2019); Genetics in Medicine 21: 545–552]. Here, we report two additional Ashkenazi Jewish patients, carrying the same homozygous V55A mutation. We present bioinformatic analyses of the V55A mutation demonstrating high conservation in metazoan species. We refine the clinical and radiological phenotype and discuss the uniqueness of the clinical course of this novel mitochondrial AR ataxia in comparison to the diverse molecular etiologies and clinical phenotypes of other known mitochondrial AR ataxias.
Encapsulation of flexible organic light emitting diodes by UV‐cure epoxy siloxane
Authors: Kermaninejad Hamidreza , Najafi Farhood , Soleimani‐Gorgani Atasheh 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this research, a silicon additive was synthesized by reaction of the hydroxyl terminated poly‐dimethyl siloxane (PDMS‐OH) with 3‐glycidoxy propyl tri‐methoxy silane (TMS‐epoxy). The synthesized silicon additive characterized and evaluated to use as a curing agent for preparing high‐performance and impermeable epoxy resin for encapsulation of flexible optoelectronic devices such as thin film photovoltaics and polymer light‐emitting diodes to protect them against water penetration and increase their lifespan. The synthesized additive was characterized by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Thermal properties of the UV curable resin were investigated by using DSC and DMTA. The prepared UV cure epoxy resin exhibited an appropriate melting temperature (56.19 °C). Contact angle test, SEM, and calcium test was used to investigate the properties of UV‐cured coating resin. The water contact angle of the cured prepared resin film showed good hydrophobicity. The SEM results confirmed the uniformity of cured film and UV cure resin dispersion. Transparency and flexibility of the cured film to encapsulate the flexible light emitting diodes are acceptable. The permeability of cured film to water vapor was evaluated by calcium test, which shows the cured film suitability to encapsulate the FOLED. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48033.
Synthesis and characterization of PBTCA‐modified hyperbranched polyether corrosion and scale inhibitors
Authors: Wang Yetao , Chen Hualin , Zhang Zhijian , Huang Henghui , Liu Bailing , Ding Keyi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, hyperbranched polyether (HBP) with terminal hydroxyl was synthesized from tetrahydrofuran and glycidol by cationic open‐loop polymerization and then modified by 2‐phosphono‐butane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid to introduce carboxyl and phosphorus to improve corrosion and scale inhibition. The structure of the products (HBPs) was determined by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. The scale inhibition efficiency (E) of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate reached 99.74 and 97.10% at a concentration of 20 mg/L. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine crystal type and morphology. The addition of scale inhibitors can inhibit the growth of the calcium scale crystal and destroy the crystal structure. The corrosion inhibition rate of HBPs can reach 72.98% when dosage was 150 mg/L. Polarization curve showed that HBPs was a kind of mixed corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of HBPs on the surface of carbon steel conformed to Langmuir adsorption, which formed physical adsorption film and inhibited the corrosion process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48041.
Hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces for oil–water separation via a gradient of ammonia content controlling of dopamine oxidative self‐polymerization
Authors: Wen Fubin , Lei Chunyan , Chen Jinming , Huang Yuewen , Wang Bin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSuperhydrophobic three‐dimensional porous materials have been considering as one of the most promising candidate absorbents for removal and collection of oil spills or organic contaminants from water. In this work, we report a novel and straightforward method for construction of hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces on the commercial melamine sponge by controlling of the dopamine oxidative selfpolymerization via a gradient of ammonia content. The surface roughness of the sponge was enhanced by the deposited polydopamine coatings whose surfaces exhibited different morphologies at solutions of varied ethanol‐ammonia ratios. Thereafter the low‐surface free energy moieties were decorated on the surfaces by utilizing a secondary modification platform of polydopamine. Correspondingly, the obtained superhydrophobic melamine sponge achieved a water contact angle of 162.6° ± 1. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic sponge exhibited excellent absorption performances and extraordinary recyclabilities toward a variety of oils and organic solvents. These findings presented in this study offer an effective and versatile approach for oil spills and organic solvents containment removal and environmental remediation in more fundamental and practical fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48044.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutics as MSC Trophic Mediators in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Yuan Qi‐ling , Zhang Yin‐gang , Chen Qian 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent progenitor cells with the capabilities of self‐renewing, differentiating into multiple lineages, and achieving trophic effects during tissue repair. MSCs can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles, which mediate their trophic effects on other cells. Carrying a variety of intracellular molecules of MSCs including lipids, proteins, RNA (mRNA and noncoding RNA), and DNA, EVs deliver them into other cells to regulate tissue regeneration process. The therapeutic effects of MSC‐derived EVs have been observed in a number of animal disease models. In this review, we focus on the current state and future directions of MSC‐derived EVs in regenerative medicine. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the combination of single‐pass tangential flow filtration and anion exchange chromatography for intensified mAb polishing
Authors: Elich Thomas , Goodrich Elizabeth , Lutz Herb , Mehta Ushma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is growing interest within the biopharmaceutical industry to improve manufacturing efficiency through process intensification, with the goal of generating more product in less time with smaller equipment. In monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification, a unit operation that can benefit from intensification is anion exchange (AEX) polishing chromatography. Single‐pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF) technology offers an opportunity for process intensification by reducing intermediate pool volumes and increasing product concentration without recirculation. This study evaluated the performance of an AEX resin, both in terms of host cell protein (HCP) purification and viral clearance, following concentration of a mAb feed using SPTFF. Results show that preconcentration of AEX feed material improved isotherm conditions for HCP binding, resulting in a fourfold increase in resin mAb loading at the target HCP clearance level. Excellent clearance of minute virus of mouse and xenotropic murine virus was maintained at this higher load level. The increased mAb loading enabled by SPTFF preconcentration effectively reduced AEX column volume and buffer requirements, shrinking the overall size of the polishing step. In addition, the suitability of SPTFF for extended processing time operation was demonstrated, indicating that this approach can be implemented for continuous biomanufacturing. The combination of SPTFF concentration and AEX chromatography for an intensified mAb polishing step which improves both manufacturing flexibility and process productivity is supported.
Mehrphasige Strömungen bei der Trennung und Zusammenführung in verzweigten Rohrleitungen
Authors: Buchholz Niklas , Luke Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMehrphasige Transportnetzwerke bestehen neben Apparaten und Mehrphasenpumpen aus Rohrleitungen. Sowohl die Phasenverteilung in Verbindung mit auftretenden Druckverlusten als auch Sorptionseffekte in sog. Knotenpunkten, d. h. in einer Zusammenführung bzw. Teilung einer Rohrleitung, wirken sich wesentlich auf das Betriebsverhalten aus. Der Einfluss verschiedener Betriebsparameter auf das Verhalten des mehrphasigen Fluids wird hinsichtlich der o.g. Strömungseigenschaften experimentell und theoretisch untersucht.