bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermion masses and mixings in a 3-3-1 model withQ4symmetry
Authors: Vien V. V. , Khoi D. P. 
Published: June 2019

We construct a renormalizable [Formula: see text] model with [Formula: see text] symmetry accommodating the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixings with Dirac CP violation phase. The smallness of the active neutrino masses arises from a combination of type I and type II seesaw mechanisms. Both normal and inverted neutrino mass ordering are viable in our model in which the obtained physical observables of the lepton sector are well consistent with the global fit of neutrino oscillation data [P. F. de Salas et al., Phys. Lett. B 782, 633 (2018)] while the CKM matrix is unity at tree level and the quark masses are in good agreement with the experimental data [Particle Data Group (M. Tanabashi et al.), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018)]. Furthermore, the model also predicts an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of [Formula: see text] eV for normal hierarchy and [Formula: see text] for inverted hierarchy which are consistent with the constraints given in [P. F. de Salas et al., Phys. Lett. B 782, 633 (2018)].
In vivo validation of a miniaturized electrochemical oxygen sensor for measuring intestinal oxygen tension
Authors: Gray Mark E. , Marland Jamie R. K. , Dunare Camelia , Blair Ewen O. , Meehan James , Tsiamis Andreas , Kunkler Ian H. , Murray Alan F. , Argyle David , Dyson Alex , Singer Mervyn , Potter Mark A. 
Published: June 2019

Recent advances in the fields of electronics and microfabrication techniques have led to the development of implantable medical devices for use within the field of precision medicine. Monitoring visceral surface tissue O2 tension ([Formula: see text]) by means of an implantable sensor is potentially useful in many clinical situations, including the perioperative management of patients undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis. This concept could provide a means by which treatment could be tailored to individual patients. This study describes the in vivo validation of a novel, miniaturized electrochemical O2 sensor to provide real-time data on intestinal [Formula: see text]. A single O2 sensor was placed onto the serosal surface of the small intestine of anesthetized rats that were exposed to ischemic (superior mesenteric artery occlusion) and hypoxemic (alterations in inspired fractional O2 concentrations) insults. Control experiments demonstrated that the sensors can function and remain stable in an in vivo environment. Intestinal [Formula: see text] decreased following superior mesenteric artery occlusion and with reductions in inspired O2 concentrations. These results were reversible after reinstating blood flow or by increasing inspired O2 concentrations. We have successfully developed an anesthetized rat intestinal ischemic and hypoxic model for validation of a miniaturized O2 sensor to provide real-time measurement of intestinal [Formula: see text]. Our results support further validation of the sensors in physiological conditions using a large animal model to provide evidence of their use in clinical applications where monitoring visceral surface tissue O2 tension is important. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first report of real-time continuous measurements of intestinal oxygen tension made using a microfabricated O2 sensor. Using a developed rodent model, we have validated this sensor's ability to accurately measure dynamic and reversible changes in intestinal oxygenation that occur through ischemic and hypoxemic insults. Continuous monitoring of local intestinal oxygenation could have value in the postoperative monitoring of patients having undergone intestinal surgery.
NTPDase1 and -2 are expressed by distinct cellular compartments in the mouse colon and differentially impact colonic physiology and function after DSS colitis
Authors: Grubišić Vladimir , Perez-Medina Alberto L. , Fried David E. , Sévigny Jean , Robson Simon C. , Galligan James J. , Gulbransen Brian D. 
Published: June 2019

ATP is both an important mediator of physiological gut functions such as motility and epithelial function, and a key danger signal that mediates cell death and tissue damage. The actions of extracellular ATP are regulated through the catalytic functions extracellular nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), -2, -3, and -8, which ultimately generate nucleosides. Ectonucleotidases have distinct cellular associations, but the specific locations and functional roles of individual NTPDases in the intestine are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differential and cell-selective regulation of purine hydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 plays important roles in gut physiology and disease. We studied Entpd1 and Entpd2 null mice in health and following colitis driven by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration using functional readouts of gut motility, epithelial barrier function, and neuromuscular communication. NTPDase1 is expressed by immune cells, and the ablation of Entpd1 altered glial numbers in the myenteric plexus. NTPDase2 is expressed by enteric glia, and the ablation of Entpd2 altered myenteric neuron numbers. Mice lacking either NTPDase1 or -2 exhibited decreased inhibitory neuromuscular transmission and altered components of inhibitory junction potentials. Ablation of Entpd2 increased gut permeability following inflammation. In conclusion, the location- and context-dependent extracellular nucleotide phosphohydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 substantially impacts gut function in health and disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Purines are important mediators of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) regulate extracellular purines, but the roles of specific NTPDases in gut functions are poorly understood. Here, we used Entpd1- and Entpd2-deficient mice to show that the differential and cell-selective regulation of purine hydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 plays important roles in barrier function, gut motility, and neuromuscular communication in health and disease.
Combination of CCl4 with alcoholic and metabolic injuries mimics human liver fibrosis
Authors: Brol Maximilian Joseph , Rösch Felicitas , Schierwagen Robert , Magdaleno Fernando , Uschner Frank Erhard , Manekeller Steffen , Queck Alexander , Schwarzkopf Katharina , Odenthal Margarete , Drebber Uta , Thiele Maja , Lingohr Philipp , Plamper Andreas , Kristiansen Glen , Lotersztajn Sophie , Krag Aleksander , Klein Sabine , Rheinwalt Karl P. , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: June 2019

Metabolic and alcoholic liver injuries result in nonalcoholic (NAFLD) or alcoholic (ALD) fatty liver disease, respectively. In particular, presence of fibrosis in NAFLD and ALD requires treatment, but development of drugs is hampered by the lack of suitable models with significant fibrosis. The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver fibrosis model does not reflect human NAFLD or ALD, but CCl4 may serve as a fibrosis accelerator in addition to another injury. Ethanol in drinking water (16%) or Western diet (WD) were administered for 7 wk in mice either alone or in combination with CCl4 intoxications. Extent of fibrosis, steatosis, and inflammation was assessed by histology, transcription, and biochemistry. Furthermore, transcription of fibrosis, proliferation, and inflammation-related genes was studied on human liver samples with fibrosis resulting from hepatitis C virus infection ( n = 7), NAFLD ( n = 8), or ALD ( n = 7). WD or ethanol alone induced only mild steatosis and inflammation. Combination of CCl4 and WD induced the most severe steatosis together with significant liver fibrosis and moderate inflammation. Combination of CCl4 and ethanol induced the strongest inflammation, with significant liver fibrosis and moderate steatosis. The relationship pattern between fibrosis, proliferation, and inflammation of human ALD was mostly similar in mice treated with CCl4 and ethanol. The combination of CCl4 intoxication with WD validates previous data suggesting it as an appropriate model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Especially, CCl4 plus ethanol for 7 wk induces ALD in mice, providing a model suitable for further basic research and drug testing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcoholic fatty liver disease with significant fibrosis is generated within 7 wk using carbon tetrachloride as a fibrosis accelerator and administering gradually ethanol (up to 16%) in mice. The similarity in the pattern of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis involved in alcoholic fatty liver disease to those of the human condition renders this mouse model suitable as a preclinical model for drug development.
Alpha-band oscillations track the retrieval of precise spatial representations from long-term memory
Authors: Sutterer David W. , Foster Joshua J. , Serences John T. , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Edward 
Published: June 2019

A hallmark of episodic memory is the phenomenon of mentally reexperiencing the details of past events, and a well-established concept is that the neuronal activity that mediates encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Evidence for reinstatement has come from multiple modalities, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (EEG). These EEG studies have shed light on the time course of reinstatement but have been limited to distinguishing between a few categories. The goal of this work was to use recently developed experimental and technical approaches, namely continuous report tasks and inverted encoding models, to determine which frequencies of oscillatory brain activity support the retrieval of precise spatial memories. In experiment 1, we establish that an inverted encoding model applied to multivariate alpha topography tracks the retrieval of precise spatial memories. In experiment 2, we demonstrate that the frequencies and patterns of multivariate activity at study are similar to the frequencies and patterns observed during retrieval. These findings highlight the broad potential for using encoding models to characterize long-term memory retrieval. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous EEG work has shown that category-level information observed during encoding is recapitulated during memory retrieval, but studies with this time-resolved method have not demonstrated the reinstatement of feature-specific patterns of neural activity during retrieval. Here we show that EEG alpha-band activity tracks the retrieval of spatial representations from long-term memory. Moreover, we find considerable overlap between the frequencies and patterns of activity that track spatial memories during initial study and at retrieval.
High Numbers of Circulating CD57+ NK Cells Associate with Resistance to HER2-Specific Therapeutic Antibodies in HER2+ Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Muntasell Aura , Servitja Sònia , Cabo Mariona , Bermejo Begoña , Pérez-Buira Sandra , Rojo Federico , Costa-García Marcel , Arpí Oriol , Moraru Manuela , Serrano Laia , Tusquets Ignasi , Martínez María Teresa , Heredia Gemma , Vera Andrea , Martínez-García María , Soria Laura , Comerma Laura , Santana-Hernández Sara , Eroles Pilar , Rovira Ana , Vilches Carlos , Lluch Ana , Albanell Joan , López-Botet Miguel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells can orchestrate effective antitumor immunity. The presence of tumor-infiltrating NK cells in diagnostic biopsies predicts pathologic complete response (pCR) to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in patients with primary breast cancer. Here, we analyzed whether diversity in circulating NK cells might influence tumor infiltration and HER2-specific therapeutic antibody efficacy. We found that numbers of circulating CD57+ NK cells inversely correlated with pCR to HER2-specific antibody treatment in patients with primary breast cancer independently of age, traditional clinicopathologic factors, and CD16A 158F/V genotype. This association was uncoupled from the expression of other NK-cell receptors, the presence of adaptive NK cells, or changes in major T-cell subsets, reminiscent of cytomegalovirus-induced immunomodulation. NK-cell activation against trastuzumab-coated HER2+ breast cancer cells was comparable in patients with high and low proportions of CD57+ NK cells. However, circulating CD57+ NK cells displayed decreased CXCR3 expression and CD16A-induced IL2-dependent proliferation in vitro. Presence of CD57+ NK cells was reduced in breast tumor–associated infiltrates as compared with paired peripheral blood samples, suggesting deficient homing, proliferation, and/or survival of NK cells in the tumor niche. Indeed, numbers of circulating CD57+ were inversely related to tumor-infiltrating NK-cell numbers. Our data reveal that NK-cell differentiation influences their antitumor potential and that CD57+ NK cells may be a biomarker useful for tailoring HER2 antibody–based therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Remodeling and Function in Patients With Significant Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Dietz Marlieke F. , Prihadi Edgard A. , van der Bijl Pieter , Goedemans Laurien , Mertens Bart J.A. , Gursoy Erhan , van Genderen Olton S. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
In patients with significant (moderate and severe) tricuspid regurgitation (TR), the decision to intervene is influenced by right ventricular (RV) size and function. RV remodeling in significant secondary TR has been underexplored. The aim of this study was to characterize RV remodeling in patients with significant secondary TR and to investigate its prognostic implications.

Methods:
RV remodeling was characterized by transthoracic echocardiography in 1292 patients with significant secondary TR (median age 71 [62–78]; 50% male). Four patterns of RV remodeling were defined according to the presence of RV dilation (tricuspid annulus≥40 mm) and RV systolic dysfunction (tricuspid annulus systolic excursion plane<17 mm): pattern 1, normal RV size and systolic function; pattern 2, dilated RV with preserved systolic function; pattern 3, normal RV size with systolic dysfunction; and pattern 4, dilated RV systolic dysfunction. The primary end point was all-cause mortality and the event rates were compared across the 4 patterns of RV remodeling.

Results:

A total of 183 (14%) patients showed pattern 1 RV remodeling; 256 (20%) showed pattern 2; 304 (24%) presented with pattern 3; and 549 (43%) had pattern 4 RV remodeling. Patients with pattern 4 RV remodeling were more frequently male; more often had coronary artery disease, worse renal function, and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction; and were more often symptomatic. Only 98 (8%) patients underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty during follow-up. During a median follow-up of 34 (interquartile range, 0–60) months, 510 (40%) patients died. The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse in patients presenting with patterns 3 and 4 RV remodeling in comparison with pattern 1 (52% and 49% versus 70%;
P
=0.002 and
P
<0.001, respectively), and were independently associated with poor outcome on multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:
In patients with significant secondary TR, patients with RV systolic dysfunction have worse clinical outcome regardless of the presence of RV dilation.
Association of Major Adverse Cardiac Events up to 5 Years in Patients With Chest Pain Without Significant Coronary Artery Disease in the Korean Population
Authors: Choi Byoung Geol , Rha Seung‐Woon , Yoon Seong Gyu , Choi Cheol Ung , Lee Min Woo , Kim Suhng Wook 
Published: June 2019

Background

Significant coronary artery disease has a well‐known association with long‐term adverse cardiovascular events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its association with long‐term major adverse clinical events (
MACE
) up to 5 years in patients who presented with chest pain without significant
coronary artery disease
.

Methods and Results

A total of 5890 subjects with chest pain without significant
coronary artery disease
were prospectively enrolled in this study. The mean follow‐up duration was 3.4 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for assessing the independent risk factors for
MACE
or sustained angina pectoris.
MACE
was defined as the composite of total death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, and hospitalization because of heart failure. Ninety‐one (2.2%) patients developed
MACE
, and 309 (8.1%) patients developed sustained
angina pectoris
, both within 5 years. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of
MACE
was significantly associated with age (per 5 years; hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.44; 95%
CI
, 1.30–1.60) and insignificant coronary stenosis (30%–70%;
HR,
2.03; 95%
CI;
1.28–3.21). The risk of sustained
angina pectoris
was significantly associated with age (per 5 years;
HR,
1.05; 95%
CI,
1.01–1.11), dyslipidemia (
HR,
1.34; 95%
CI
, 1.06–1.70),
insignificant coronary stenosis
(
HR,
2.54; 95%
CI
, 1.94–3.31), coronary artery spasm (HR, 1.42; 95%
CI
, 1.11–1.80), and myocardial bridge (HR, 1.37; 95%
CI
, 1.04–1.81).

Conclusions

In patients without significant
CAD
, aging and
insignificant coronary stenosis
have a strong association with future long‐term
MACE
. Also, aging, dyslipidemia,
insignificant coronary stenosis
,
coronary artery spasm,
and
myocardial bridge
are strongly associated with future
angina pectoris
.
African Cultural Festivals and World Literature
Authors: Ducournau Claire 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In an era where cultural festivals multiply, so-called African festivals have spread in Africa, but also outside of the continent, in major cities as well as in little-known villages, for example in provincial France. What are some of their implications and effects in the case of francophone African literature? These events privilege a continental representation of literature, which often reveals itself as problematic when confronted with the complex geographies of the texts and authors represented at these festivals. Using cross-disciplinary methodology, this critical inquiry reads different reallocations of this persistent African matrix through a typology and contemporary examples (Kossi Efoui’s writings, the “Étonnants Voyageurs” and “Plein sud” festivals). As an object of study, festivals bear witness to the necessity of expanding the toolbox of the (world) literary scholar by making use of documentary sources and adopting ethnographic approaches. It reveals a structural tension between an African map and various concrete territories, where local issues matter often more than this continental category, and can affect the form and content of literature itself.
A new genus and species of Coenosiini from Bolivia (Diptera: Muscidae: Coenosiinae)
Authors: COURI MÁRCIA SOUTO 
Published: June 2019

The Coenosiini include 16 genera and 223 species according to the last Neotropical catalogue (Carvalho et al. 2005). Couri and Pont (2000) confirmed the monophyly of this tribe on the basis of one synapormorphy: position of the three katepisternal setae, equidistant from each other and placed at the points of an imaginary equilateral triangle. In their cladistic analysis, the Coenosiini genera were divided into two groups. One was basal and defined by the presence of a posterodorsal apical seta on the hind tibia, presence of both arms on male sternite 6 (but not forming a ring) and a short female ovipositor. Nine valid genera were included in this group, mainly distributed throughout the Old World. The second group was defined by the presence of a well developed epiproct and narrow sternites 6 and 7 in the female ovipositor. The other seven genera of the tribe were included in this clade.
Toward Ensemble Assimilation of Hyperspectral Satellite Observations with Data Compression and Dimension Reduction Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Lu Yinghui , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSatellite-based hyperspectral radiometers usually have thousands of infrared channels that contain atmospheric state information with higher vertical resolution compared to observations from traditional sensors. However, the large numbers of channels can lead to computational burden in satellite data retrieval and assimilation. Furthermore, most of the channels are highly correlated and the pieces of independent information contained in the hyperspectral observations are usually much smaller than the number of channels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in this research to compress the observational information content contained in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) channels to a few leading principal components (PCs). The corresponding PC scores were then assimilated into a PCA-based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system. In this proof-of-concept study based on simulated observations, hyperspectral brightness temperatures were simulated using the atmospheric state vectors from convection-permitting ensemble simulations of Hurricane Harvey (2017) as input to the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). The PCs were derived from a preexisting training dataset of brightness temperatures calculated from convection-permitting simulation over a large domain in the Indian Ocean representing generic atmospheric conditions over tropical oceans. The EnKF increments from assimilating many individual measurements in the brightness temperature space were compared to the EnKF increments from assimilating significantly fewer numbers of leading PCs. Results showed that assimilating about 10–20 leading PCs could yield increments that were nearly indistinguishable to that from assimilating hyperspectral measurements from orders of magnitude larger number of hyperspectral channels.
History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Sandesh , Niraula Shanta , Sharma Narayan Prasad , Sthapit Sabitri , Bennett Eleanor , Vaswani Ayesha , Pandey Rakesh , Kumari Veena , Lau Jennifer YF 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Little is known about rates of childhood maltreatment in low-income countries, particularly among marginalised sectors of society. Economic hardships mean that in such countries, many children and young people are exploited in the labour force and/or are trafficked, placing them at greater risk for being exposed to other forms of maltreatment. Cultural norms endorsing the use of physical and emotional acts to discipline children further exacerbate this risk. Here, we assessed the rates of childhood victimisation experiences and associated mental health problems in Nepalese youth rescued from illegal child labour including trafficking. Methods: One hundred and three young people aged 12–18 years living in out-of-home care institutions and rescued from child labour/trafficking completed translated versions of selected modules from the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire, the Youth Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Care-home employees responsible for looking after the young people completed the Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analysis described maltreatment frequencies and compared individuals who had and had not experienced any form of maltreatment on the presence/absence of psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Seventy-two percent of participants experienced some form of maltreatment in their lifetime. Rates for each maltreatment type were 46.6% for physical abuse, 40.77% for emotional abuse, 27.2% for sexual abuse and 33% for neglect. Symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders and trauma were commonly reported especially in victims of childhood maltreatment. Conclusions: Our estimates of physical abuse in this at-risk juvenile sample were commensurate to those reported in general-population youth samples in Nepal, but sexual and emotional abuse rates were somewhat lower. The potential presence of anxiety and trauma in this sample that may result from maltreatment requires replication, but underscores an urgent need for routine mental health screening in rescued child labourers during rehabilitation efforts.