bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis treatment interruption: a qualitative exploration of barriers, challenges, coping strategies and facilitators in Malaysia
Authors: Oh Ai Ling , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida , Ting Chuo Yew , Chan Swee Kim , Tie Siew Teck 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption undermines the effectiveness of TB medications and jeopardizes treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore barriers, challenges, coping strategies and facilitators of TB treatment interruption to understand the treatment pathway in achieving successful outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted at public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia, utilizing a phenomenological approach. Thirty patients who experienced TB treatment interruption with eventual successful treatment were purposively selected based on various reasons for treatment interruption to obtain diverse viewpoints. The audio-recorded transcriptions underwent thematic and content analysis. Five major themes emerged under barriers and challenges: socioeconomic, patient, therapy, healthcare and condition-related factors. Notably, financial burdens led individuals to prioritize work over health. Adverse drug reactions resulted in inappropriate self-medication and healthcare dissatisfaction. Medication error with suboptimal dosing was another facet leading to treatment forfeiture. Lack of knowledge about treatment duration and medication adherence, along with negative personal factors such as laziness, dishonesty and forgetfulness were reported. Participants employed coping strategies to confront barriers and challenges, including acceptance and commitment to disease and treatment, self-adaptation in mental, physical and social aspects, and self-management of minor adverse events. Fear of disease worsening, previous experiences, social and financial supports, along with intrinsic motivators, were essential facilitators that prevented interruptions. Interconnectivity across the explored dimensions contextualized the understanding of TB treatment interruption and offered valuable information for designing patient-centered intervention strategies. Improving patient education coupled with tailored interventions addressing psychosocial and economic barriers is crucial for ensuring TB treatment completion.
‘Comparative analysis of diesel fuel types on engine performance and emissions’
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Qays , Oshchepkov Petr Platonovich 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explains the exhaust and combustion features of four types of diesel fuel using a direct injection diesel engine having 4-strokes and 1-cylinder. The investigation focuses on the performance of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and gasses emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity. Results show that diesel fuels of Types 3 and 4 display superior performance with increasing brake productivity up to 20% and reducing smoke emissions associated to other fuel types up to 40% highlighting their potential for enhancing engine efficiency and reducing environmental impact. These results show that diesel fuel Type 3 enhanced combustion and emission profiles in diesel engines presenting a valuable avenue for engine optimization and environmental compliance.
Review of bamboo biomass as a sustainable energy
Authors: Gopan Gokul , Krishnan Renjith , Arun M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rising demand for sustainable energy has increased interest in biomass utilization for producing synthetic gas (syngas). This study reviews biomass-to-energy conversion technologies for syngas production, focusing on process efficiency, product purity, and environmental sustainability. Life cycle analysis confirms the sustainability of biomass sources. The advantages and limitations of each conversion route are examined, highlighting the importance of research and policy support to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The abstract emphasizes the role of syngas in transitioning to cleaner, resource-efficient energy systems.
Fc-Afucosylation of VAR2CSA-Specific Immunoglobulin G and Clinical Immunity to Placental Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Lopez-Perez Mary , Viwami Firmine , Ampomah Paulina , Šuštić Tonći , Larsen Mads Delbo , Wuhrer Manfred , Vidarsson Gestur , Ofori Michael F , Tuikue Ndam Nicaise , Hviid Lars 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is mainly mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) targeting erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). These adhesins mediate infected erythrocyte (IE) sequestration, protecting IEs from splenic destruction. PfEMP1-specific IgG is therefore thought to protect mainly by inhibiting IE sequestration. VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1 mediates placental IE sequestration, putting pregnant women exposed to P falciparum parasites at risk of placental malaria (PM).

Methods
Levels and Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific plasma IgG were measured by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FEASI). We also measured the ability of the IgG to inhibit IE adhesion and to induce natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. The results were related to parity and clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Results
Parity was positively correlated with levels and Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific IgG, and with birth weight and plasma IgG inhibition of IE adhesion in vitro. Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific IgG increased NK–cell degranulation. Women with Fc-afucosylated VAR2CSA–specific IgG had a reduced risk of delivering a low birth weight (LBW) baby, but not of PM or anemia.

Conclusions
Fc-afucosylated VAR2CSA-specific IgG effectively induced NK–cell degranulation and was associated with protection against LBW, independent of IgG levels. Our study has implications for the development of VAR2CSA-based subunit vaccines, which exclusively induce Fc-fucosylated IgG.
Synergistic antimicrobial activity of lynronne-1 and EDTA against bovine mastitis pathogens
Authors: Moreira Ana Julia S , de Araújo Domingues Katialaine C , Camargo Karine D V , Aulik Nicole A , Oyama Linda B , Huws Sharon A , Mantovani Hilario C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Bovine mastitis is the costliest disease in the dairy sector and the main cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle, potentially contributing to the antimicrobial resistance crisis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer promise as antibiotic alternatives for controlling mastitis pathogens.

Methods
The efficacy of five AMPs (Lynronne-1 [Lyn-1], Lynronne-2 [Lyn-2], Bovicin HC5, AMP 660, and AMP 1043) and two bioactive compounds (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] and glycerol monolaurate) was assessed against a range of 35 mastitis-causing pathogens. The fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) was calculated to determine the interaction effect and values ≤0.5 were indicative of synergism. Time-dependent killing assays were performed to assess bactericidal efficacy of the combination. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay and haemolytic activity was assessed against fresh bovine erythrocytes.

Results
Lyn-1 and EDTA exhibited the highest broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial growth (OD600 nm) by 95.1% and 86.9%, respectively. FICI values ranged from 0.1 to 0.5, indicating synergism. The combination of lyn-1 (0.03 mg/mL) and EDTA (1.02 mg/mL) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against all bacterial strains, at significantly lower concentrations than each compound individually. Lyn-1-EDTA combination reduced viable population by &gt;10 000-fold within 12 h. The combination was non-haemolytic in concentrations up to 8-fold the established MIC values (P &gt; 0.05), although cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations above MIC (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Lyn-1 and Lyn-1-EDTA for developing antibiotic-free formulations to combat contagious and environmental mastitis pathogens and treat udder infections.
Health system-wide access to generative artificial intelligence: the New York University Langone Health experience
Authors: Malhotra Kiran , Wiesenfeld Batia , Major Vincent J , Grover Himanshu , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Testa Paul , Austrian Jonathan S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to assess the usage and impact of a private and secure instance of a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) application in a large academic health center. The goal was to understand how employees interact with this technology and the influence on their perception of skill and work performance.

Materials and Methods
New York University Langone Health (NYULH) established a secure, private, and managed Azure OpenAI service (GenAI Studio) and granted widespread access to employees. Usage was monitored and users were surveyed about their experiences.

Results
Over 6 months, over 1007 individuals applied for access, with high usage among research and clinical departments. Users felt prepared to use the GenAI studio, found it easy to use, and would recommend it to a colleague. Users employed the GenAI studio for diverse tasks such as writing, editing, summarizing, data analysis, and idea generation. Challenges included difficulties in educating the workforce in constructing effective prompts and token and API limitations.

Discussion
The study demonstrated high interest in and extensive use of GenAI in a healthcare setting, with users employing the technology for diverse tasks. While users identified several challenges, they also recognized the potential of GenAI and indicated a need for more instruction and guidance on effective usage.

Conclusion
The private GenAI studio provided a useful tool for employees to augment their skills and apply GenAI to their daily tasks. The study underscored the importance of workforce education when implementing system-wide GenAI and provided insights into its strengths and weaknesses.
Combining large broiler populations into a single genomic evaluation: dealing with genetic divergence
Authors: Tabet Joe-Menwer , Bussiman Fernando , Breen Vivian , Misztal Ignacy , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Combining breeding populations that have diverged at some point is a conventional practice, particularly in the poultry industry, where generation intervals are short and genetic evaluations should be frequently available. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of combining large, distantly genetically connected broiler populations into a single genomic evaluation within the single-step GBLUP framework. The pedigree data for broiler lines 1 and 2 consisted of 428,790 and 477,488 animals, being 156,088 and 186,387 genotyped, respectively. Phenotypic data for body weight (kg), carcass yield (%), mortality (1 to 2), and feet health (1 to 7) were collected for 397,974 animals in line 1 and 458,881 in line 2. A 4-trait model was employed for the analyses, and genetic differences between the populations were addressed through different approaches: introducing an additional fixed effect accounting for the line of origin (M2) or making each fixed effect origin-specific (M3). Those models were compared against a conventional model (M1) that did not account for animal origin in the evaluation. Unknown parent groups (UPG) and Metafounders (MF) were fit to account for the genetic differences in M1, M2, and M3; they were set based on the animal’s line of origin and sex. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion were used to assess the performances of the models using the Linear Regression method. Validations were performed separately within individual lines and collectively after combining the 2 lines to better assess the advantages of combining the 2 populations. Overall, the accuracy increased when the 2 populations were combined compared to the accuracies obtained from evaluating each line individually. Notably, there were no apparent differences among the models regarding accuracy and dispersion. Regarding bias, using models M2 or M3 with UPG yields the least biased estimates in the combined evaluation. Thus, when combining different populations into a single genomic evaluation, accounting for the genetic and non-genetic differences among the lines ensures accurate and less biased predictions.
Response to Roberts, Stenglein, Wydeven, and others
Authors: Treves Adrian , Agan Suzanne W , Langenberg Julia A , Lopez-Bao Jose V , Louchouarn Naomi X , Parsons Dave R , Rabenhorst Mark F , Santiago-Ávila Francisco J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human-caused mortality has been the major cause of death among wolves worldwide. In 2017, we summarized a 33-year data set of &gt;933 Gray Wolf deaths from Wisconsin, United States, and estimated that poaching was the major source of mortality. Roberts et al. (2024; hereafter, just Roberts et al. unless using a direct quote from that paper) challenge our reinterpretation of data on causes of death and disappearances and urge us to use standard known-fates survival models rather than the combined time-to-event and total accounting methods that we used. They do not cite subsequent time-to-event and competing risk and incidence models that we published, raising an issue of selective citation of only their own work. Regarding reinterpretations, Roberts et al. neither present evidence for their claims nor revisit records of cause of death to argue their claims. Regarding traditional known-fate survival models, we review the violation of a critical assumption of such models. Namely, causes of death were not independent of censoring among Wisconsin collared wolves. Rates of disappearance approximating 42% of all collared animals are incompatible with the assumption that unknown-fate collared wolves died of the same causes as known-fate animals. We demonstrate that Roberts et al. made an erroneous claim that wolves frequently outlive the operational lives of their VHF collars. We present evidence of undisclosed competing interests among Roberts et al.’s coauthors. In scientific debates, the most transparent assumptions, methods, and data prevail because outside reviewers can judge for themselves. We stand by the conclusions of our combined analyses from 2017 to 2023.
Iatrogenic transmesenteric defect mimicking a Petersen’s space hernia after open pancreatic necrosectomy
Authors: Rendón Mejía Norman A , Aguilar Alejandra Aguirre , Benítez Membrila Carlos A , Marquez Enriquez Pedro A , Chora Rojas David O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Complications of acute pancreatitis can be disastrous if appropriate treatment is not initiated. Pancreatic necrosis can occur without the presence of symptoms; however, in some cases, it can be accompanied by organic failure, abscess, pseudocyst, fistulas, and pancreatic exocrine disfunction. The surgical treatment of pancreatic necrosis can be managed with open surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Hence, complications after surgery can appear even in patients without clinical background; complications mostly appear if the surgical technique is not done properly. We present a case of a 47-year-old woman who appeared with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and oral intake intolerance. Symptoms were present for 1 week; she was admitted to the nearest clinic, and surgical management was offered. The patient went to an open pancreatic necrosectomy; however, she presented purulent exudate from the surgical wound and drains. Was referred to our center; on abdominal contrasted computed tomography, a transmesenteric defect and cutaneous-pancreatic fistula were found.
Primary pulmonary follicular lymphoma
Authors: Kim Sarah E , Steeno Daniel , Lynch Alexander P , Podbielski Francis J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Primary pulmonary follicular lymphoma is an extremely rare subset of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a successful work-up and surgical management of this disease entity. The patient is a 74-year-old man who presented with an enlarging ground glass opacity on his computed tomography scan. Percutaneous biopsy was not diagnostic for malignancy, but given the underlying malignant potential, he underwent definitive operative resection rather than additional invasive diagnostic testing. Our case highlights challenges in the management of nondiagnostic preliminary pathology as well as the role of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment of a rare lung pathology.
Origin of the metal-rich versus metal-poor globular clusters dichotomies in the Milky Way: a sign of low black hole natal kicks
Authors: Rostami-Shirazi Ali , Zonoozi Akram Hasani , Haghi Hosein , Rabiee Malihe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The bimodal metallicity distribution of globular clusters (GCs) in massive galaxies implies two distinct subpopulations: metal-poor and metal-rich. Using the recent data of Gaia we highlighted three distinct dissimilarities between metal-poor and metal-rich GCs in the Milky Way (MW). Half-mass (light) radii of metal-poor GCs exhibit, on average, $\simeq 52 \pm$5 ($60 \pm$3) per cent more expansion than metal-rich ones. Furthermore, the lack of metal-poor GCs at low Galactocentric distances ($R_\mathrm{G}$) follows a triangular pattern in $R_\mathrm{G}$–[Fe/H] space, indicating that GCs with lower metallicities appear further away from the Galactic centre. Metal-poor GCs are more susceptible to destruction by the tidal field in the inner part of the MW. We perform a series of N-body simulations of star clusters, to study the impact of the BHs’ natal kicks on the long-term evolution of low- and high-metallicity GCs to explain these observational aspects. We found that the retention of BHs inside the cluster is crucial to reproducing the observed dissimilarities. The heavier and less expanded BH subsystem (BHSub) in metal-poor clusters leads to more intense few-body encounters, injecting more kinetic energy into the stellar population. Consequently, they experience larger expansion and higher evaporation rates rather than metal-rich clusters. The higher energy production within the BHSub of metal-poor GCs causes them to dissolve before a Hubble time near the Galactic centre, leading to a triangular pattern in $R_\mathrm{G}$–[Fe/H] space.
Comparing metallicity correlations in nearby non-AGN and AGN-host galaxies
Authors: Li Song-Lin , Li Zefeng , Wisnioski Emily , Krumholz Mark R , Sánchez Sebastián F 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The gas-phase metallicity distribution within galaxies records critical information about galactic evolution. In this work, we investigate how active galactic nuclei (AGNs) influence this distribution by measuring the two-point correlation functions of gas-phase metallicity in 95 non-AGN and 37 AGN-host galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area integral field spectrographic survey. We measure metallicity using a novel Bayesian method that properly includes both stellar and AGN contributions to emission line fluxes and allows us to measure metallicities in both AGN-host and non-AGN galaxies in a single, consistent framework. We find that the two-point correlation functions of both AGN-host and non-AGN galaxies are well fit by a simple injection-diffusion model, and that the correlation lengths $l_\mathrm{corr}$ we derive for the non-AGN galaxies are reasonably consistent with those obtained in earlier work. The AGN-host galaxies generally have smaller $l_\mathrm{corr}$ than non-AGN galaxies at fixed stellar mass, but similar $l_\mathrm{corr}$ at fixed star formation rate (SFR), suggesting that the primary effect of hosting an AGN in this sample is a reduction in SFR at fixed stellar mass, and that this in turn suppresses the correlation length. Our findings further indicate that, while both SFR and stellar mass are positively correlated with metallicity correlation length $l_\mathrm{corr}$, the former is more fundamental, implying that fluctuations in the metallicity distribution within galaxies are driven more by short-term responses to physical processes such as star formation that can change much faster than a Hubble time.
Morphology and systematic position of Shaninopsis Isberg, 1934 (Bivalvia: Cryptodonta), from the Boda Limestone (Upper Ordovician), Sweden
Authors: Johnston Paul A , Collom Christopher J , Ebbestad Jan Ove R 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In a classic study of bivalves from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Boda Limestone, Sweden, Isberg (1934) named and described 18 species of the unusual bivalve Shaninopsis, all from the same locality. Our study of the type material indicates that only three species at most are present: Shaninopsis prona Isberg, 1934, Shaninopsis radiata Isberg, 1934, and an unnamed species. Shaninopsis features a thick, prosocline, tear-drop-shaped shell with an opisthogyrous larval shell. Anterodorsally, the shell outline appears truncated to strongly concave owing to an inset sical surface that frames a conspicuous pedal gape. Above the gape, the lunule accreted posteriorly (retrusive growth—new term) and abuts the anterior part of the ligament area, perhaps compensating for anterior splitting of the ligament during growth. The hinge plate is edentulous, with a broad, opisthodetic, monovincular ligament. Muscle scars visible include only the posterior adductor, which is set near the posteroventral shell margin. Relict calcite prismatic texture preserved on the ligament area indicates the external prismatic calcite shell layer underlaid the ligament as in cardiolid praecardioids and some inoceramiformians. Evidence for a retractable non-biomineralized sheath-like structure extending from the pedal gape is presented. Shaninopsis is reconstructed as an orthothetic, epifaunal or shallow semi-infaunal bivalve capable of deeply probing underlying sediment for H2S uptake for chemosynthesis. Shaninopsis is assigned to a new subfamily Shaninopsiinae in the family Lunulacardiidae (infraclass Cryptodonta), a group otherwise unknown in pre-upper Silurian rocks. Remarkable similarities of Shaninopsis with the Permian bivalve Eurydesma suggest a mutual though geochronologically distant phylogenetic relationship.