bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Impact of Baryons on Subhalo Populations with Machine Learning
Authors: Nadler Ethan O. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Wechsler Risa H. , Garrison-Kimmel Shea , Wetzel Andrew 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We identify subhalos in dark matter–only (DMO) zoom-in simulations that are likely to be disrupted due to baryonic effects by using a random forest classifier trained on two hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way (MW)–mass host halos from the Latte suite of the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. We train our classifier using five properties of each disrupted and surviving subhalo: pericentric distance and scale factor at first pericentric passage after accretion and scale factor, virial mass, and maximum circular velocity at accretion. Our five-property classifier identifies disrupted subhalos in the FIRE simulations with an 85% out-of-bag classification score. We predict surviving subhalo populations in DMO simulations of the FIRE host halos, finding excellent agreement with the hydrodynamic results; in particular, our classifier outperforms DMO zoom-in simulations that include the gravitational potential of the central galactic disk in each hydrodynamic simulation, indicating that it captures both the dynamical effects of a central disk and additional baryonic physics. We also predict surviving subhalo populations for a suite of DMO zoom-in simulations of MW-mass host halos, finding that baryons impact each system consistently and that the predicted amount of subhalo disruption is larger than the host-to-host scatter among the subhalo populations. Although the small size and specific baryonic physics prescription of our training set limits the generality of our results, our work suggests that machine-learning classification algorithms trained on hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations can efficiently predict realistic subhalo populations.
The Growth of Stellar Mass Black Hole Binaries Trapped in the Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Yi Shu-Xu , Cheng K. S. , Taam Ronald E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Among the four black hole (BH) binary merger events detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), six progenitor BHs have masses greater than 20 M
⊙. The existence of such massive BHs suggests that extreme metal-poor stars are the progenitors. An alternative possibility, that a pair of stellar mass BHs each with mass ∼7 M
⊙ increases to >20 M
⊙ via accretion from a disk surrounding a supermassive BH (SMBH) in an active galactic nucleus (AGN), is considered. The growth of mass of the binary and the transfer of orbital angular momentum to the disk accelerates the merger. Based on the recent numerical work of Tang et al., it is found that, in the disk of a low-mass AGN with mass ∼106
M
⊙ and Eddington ratio >0.01, the mass of an individual BH in the binary can grow to >20 M
⊙ before coalescence, provided that accretion takes place at a rate more than 10 times the Eddington value. This mechanism predicts a new class of gravitational wave (GW) sources involving the merger of two extreme Kerr black holes associated with AGNs and a possible electromagnetic wave counterpart.
Lack of Association among Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type 4 Autoantibodies,PADI4Polymorphisms, and Clinical Characteristics in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Guderud Kari , Mæhlen Marthe Thoresen , Nordang Gry Beate Namløs , Viken Marte Kathrine , Andreassen Bettina Kulle , Molberg Øyvind , Flåm Siri Tennebø , Lie Benedicte Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

Objective.We aimed to jointly investigate the role of antipeptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 antibodies (anti-PAD4) and polymorphisms in thePADI4gene together with clinical variables in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Serum IgG autoantibodies to human recombinant PAD4 were identified by DELFIA technique in 745 patients with RA (366 available from previous studies). Genotyping ofPADI4was performed using TaqMan assays in 945 patients and 1118 controls. Clinical data, anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) status, shared epitope status, and a combined genetic risk score were also available.Results.Anti-PAD4 antibodies were detected in 193 (26%) of 745 patients with RA; 149 (77%) of these were also ACPA-positive. No association was observed between anti-PAD4 status and clinical characteristics,PADI4polymorphisms, or genetic risk scores after stratification for ACPA status.Conclusion.Taken together, the results from these combined serological, genetic, and clinical analyses suggest that anti-PAD4 appears to be a bystander autoantibody with no current clinical utility in RA.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Zhao Shankun , Li Ermao , Wang Jiamin , Luo Lianmin , Luo Jintai , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: June 2018

Objective.It has been reported that there is an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and increased susceptibility to sexual dysfunction (SD). This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to investigate whether RA was a risk factor for SD.Methods.MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for all studies assessing sexual function in patients with RA. The association between RA and risk of SD was summarized using relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.Results.Overall, 44,745 participants (mean age 43.2 yrs) were included from 7 studies (4 cross-sectional and 3 case-control studies). Of these, 6642 were patients with RA, with the mean disease duration from 5.7 years to 12.17 years. The methodological qualities of the included studies were judged as moderate to high. Synthesis of results demonstrated that RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of SD in females (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.36–2.22, p < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 60.3%, p = 0.028) as well as in males (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.64–2.43, p < 0.001). The outcomes related to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach showed that the absolute effect of RA on SD was 10 more per 1000 (6–15 more); the overall quality of evidence was rated as low.Conclusion.Evidence from included studies indicates that patients with RA have a significantly increased risk of SD, which suggests that both patients and clinicians should be aware of the potential role of RA in the development of SD.
The relationship among technological creativity, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of selected South African university of technology students
Authors: Ndofirepi Takawira M. , Rambe Patient , Dzansi Dennis Y. 
Published: June 2018

Orientation: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among technological creativity, self-efficacy and entrepreneurship intentions of university students in an emerging economy context.Research purpose: This study explores how technological creativity is linked to self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.Motivation of the study: African countries are pervaded by subdued imagination that breeds survivalist entrepreneurship, which is bereft of innovation. This reality calls for the input of technological creativity to innovative entrepreneurship. Although results from contemporary research acknowledge the explanatory effect of technological creativity on entrepreneurial intentions, they under-explore the mechanism of the relationship, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, hence this study.Research design, approach and method: Using a quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design, a self-completion questionnaire was administered to 130 students who had undergone a compulsory entrepreneurship course at a South African university of technology. The study employed Pearson’s correlation test, regression analysis and the bootstrapping procedure to assess the mediation effects and test the different hypothesised relationships.Main findings: The findings revealed that self-efficacy fully mediated the influence of technological creativity on entrepreneurship intentions.Practical and managerial implications: The results of the study stress the importance of considering psychological aspects, such as technological creativity and self-efficacy, in the evaluation of ways that can be used to effectively foster the entrepreneurial intentions of students undergoing entrepreneurship education.Contribution or value-add: The results authenticated psychological frameworks as guiding tools to understanding the intentional component of planned entrepreneurship activity. The study added further knowledge by exploring a previously untested relation between technological creativity and self-efficacy to unravel the complexity of entrepreneurial intentions among tertiary students.
El imaginario sociodemográfico de las mujeres en los ‘mercados’ sexuales y eróticos en la filmografía marroquí
Authors: Peralta García Lidia , Saiz-Echezarreta Vanesa 
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza y ofrece una primera base de datos sobre la representación de los mercados sexuales y eróticos de la filmografía marroquí, centrándose en las figuras femeninas: su caracterización sociodemográfica, roles desempeñados y carácter liminar de las prácticas de sexo transaccional representadas. Metodología. Se realiza un vaciado a partir del catálogo del Centre de la Cinématographie Marocaine de 367 películas, se seleccionan 30 producidas entre 1958 y 2017, de las que se analizan 51 personajes. Resultados. El perfil mayoritario son mujeres que ejercen la prostitución de pago, entre los 15 y 25 años, mayoritariamente solteras y sin cargas familiares, en contextos urbanos. Discusión y conclusiones. La presencia de personajes pertenecientes a los mercados sexuales y eróticos es una constante en el cine marroquí, no siempre se plantea la pobreza como detonante, también está vinculada a las nociones de liberalización sexual y al acceso a espacios de libertad.
On ozone trend detection: using coupled chemistry–climate simulations to investigate early signs of total column ozone recovery
Authors: Keeble James , Brown Hannah , Abraham N. Luke , Harris Neil R. P. , Pyle John A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Total column ozone values from an ensemble of UM-UKCA model simulations are examined to investigate different definitions of progress on the road to ozone recovery. The impacts of modelled internal atmospheric variability are accounted for by applying a multiple linear regression model to modelled total column ozone values, and ozone trend analysis is performed on the resulting ozone residuals. Three definitions of recovery are investigated: (i) a slowed rate of decline and the date of minimum column ozone, (ii) the identification of significant positive trends and (iii) a return to historic values. A return to past thresholds is the last state to be achieved. Minimum column ozone values, averaged from 60° S to 60° N, occur between 1990 and 1995 for each ensemble member, driven in part by the solar minimum conditions during the 1990s. When natural cycles are accounted for, identification of the year of minimum ozone in the resulting ozone residuals is uncertain, with minimum values for each ensemble member occurring at different times between 1992 and 2000. As a result of this large variability, identification of the date of minimum ozone constitutes a poor measure of ozone recovery. Trends for the 2000–2017 period are positive at most latitudes and are statistically significant in the mid-latitudes in both hemispheres when natural cycles are accounted for. This significance results largely from the large sample size of the multi-member ensemble. Significant trends cannot be identified by 2017 at the highest latitudes, due to the large interannual variability in the data, nor in the tropics, due to the small trend magnitude, although it is projected that significant trends may be identified in these regions soon thereafter. While significant positive trends in total column ozone could be identified at all latitudes by ∼ 2030, column ozone values which are lower than the 1980 annual mean can occur in the mid-latitudes until ∼ 2050, and in the tropics and high latitudes deep into the second half of the 21st century.
Historical gridded reconstruction of potential evapotranspiration for the UK
Authors: Tanguy Maliko , Prudhomme Christel , Smith Katie , Hannaford Jamie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a necessary input data for most
hydrological models and is often needed at a daily time step. An accurate
estimation of PET requires many input climate variables which are, in most
cases, not available prior to the 1960s for the UK, nor indeed most parts of
the world. Therefore, when applying hydrological models to earlier periods,
modellers have to rely on PET estimations derived from simplified methods.
Given that only monthly observed temperature data is readily available for
the late 19th and early 20th century at a national scale for the UK, the
objective of this work was to derive the best possible UK-wide gridded PET
dataset from the limited data available. To that end, firstly, a combination of (i) seven temperature-based PET
equations, (ii) four different calibration approaches and (iii) seven input
temperature data were evaluated. For this evaluation, a gridded daily PET
product based on the physically based Penman–Monteith equation (the CHESS
PET dataset) was used, the rationale being that this provides a reliable
“ground truth” PET dataset for evaluation purposes, given that no directly
observed, distributed PET datasets exist. The performance of the models was
also compared to a “naïve method”, which is defined as the simplest
possible estimation of PET in the absence of any available climate data. The
“naïve method” used in this study is the CHESS PET daily long-term
average (the period from 1961 to 1990 was chosen), or CHESS-PET daily
climatology. The analysis revealed that the type of calibration and the input temperature
dataset had only a minor effect on the accuracy of the PET estimations at
catchment scale. From the seven equations tested, only the calibrated
version of the McGuinness–Bordne equation was able to outperform the
“naïve method” and was therefore used to derive the gridded,
reconstructed dataset. The equation was calibrated using 43 catchments
across Great Britain. The dataset produced is a 5 km gridded PET dataset for the period 1891 to
2015, using the Met Office 5 km monthly gridded temperature data available for that time period as input data for the PET equation. The dataset
includes daily and monthly PET grids and is complemented with a suite of
mapped performance metrics to help users assess the quality of the data
spatially. This dataset is expected to be particularly valuable as input to
hydrological models for any catchment in the UK. The data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5285/17b9c4f7-1c30-4b6f-b2fe-f7780159939c.
Let’s not blame the patient: Understanding the benefits and shortcomings of population health in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Amato Chad , Sayeed Zain , Lane Mark , Padela Muhammad T. , Feria-Arias Enrique , Nasser Sam , Darwiche Hussein F. , Saleh Khaled J. 
Published: June 2018

Population health is a concept that emerged from the desire of providers to care for patients in a manner that produces the best possible outcomes while minimizing cost. It may be defined as the study of medical data of large groups of people in order to recognize and investigate patterns. This information is then used to create disease management guidelines that streamline care and regulate practice patterns. Whereas population health looks to recognize commonalities in data, the concept of patient-centered care focuses on embracing individualization and increasing the involvement of each patient within their treatment planning. Combining both perspectives creates a challenge for providers and patients to strike the proper balance between adhering to standardized guidelines based on the treatment methods and outcomes recognized in populations and applying it clinically to individual patients. A significant contribution of population health studies is the identification of risk factors associated with increased rates of complications following total joint arthroplasty as well as preventative measures for conditions such as osteoarthritis. However, to employ these findings in a patient-centered manner orthopaedic surgeons must take this a step further and also evaluate a patient’s ability to adhere to the recommendations by exploring factors such as home environment and socioeconomic factors, thus proactively addressing issues that could hinder patient compliance. With focused collection methods of acquiring data, these two practices of care will hopefully begin to see less divergence when it comes to applying data derived from population health initiatives to individual patients in a patient-centered manner.
Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Some Medical Plants and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Toxicity Potential
Authors: Jadou Ayat , Al-Shahwany Ayyad W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are employed in various applications in the areas of catalysis, optoelectronics, detection and diagnostics, antimicrobials, and therapeutics. Objective: The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Urtica dioica and biologically prepared silver nanoparticles, as single or in combination treatments, against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by using a microdilution method in sterile 96-well microtiter plates. The assessment of the toxicity of AgNP solutions was evaluated on human blood lymphocyte cells. Results: The results of this study revealed that all AgNP solutions have the lowest MIC values against the bacterial isolates in relation with the methanolic and aqueous extract solutions. However, the results showed that the increasing AgNP concentration was a critical factor influencing the interaction between AgNPs and the human lymphocytes. Conclusions: The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) at high concentrations. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs have an increased antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Highlights: AgNPs have been recognized as an effective antimicrobial agent that exhibits low toxicity in humans and has diverse in vitro and in vivo applications.
Subgroup analyses of a concise care trial of depressive and/or anxiety disorders
Authors: Meuldijk Denise , Giltay Erik J , Carlier Ingrid V E , Van Vliet Irene M , Van Hemert Albert M , Zitman Frans G 
Published: June 2018

Rationale, aims and objectives: Concise forms of psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy have shown clinical effectiveness. Identifying the factors that predict who is most likely to benefit from such treatment may help to deliver the most adequate and person-centered care. Methods: Secondary care outpatients aged 18-65 years with mild to moderate DSM-IV depressive and/or anxiety disorders, participated in a pragmatic randomized controlled equivalence trial comparing a concise format of cognitive behavioural and/or pharmacotherapy (i.e., concise care) to standard care. A range of putative factors associated with treatment outcome - socio-demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics - were assessed at baseline. Subgroup analyses were conducted analyzing the effects of interaction terms on changes over time in the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) scores as the outcome measure.Results: A total of 182 participants were included and randomized to concise care (n = 93) and to standard care (n = 89). Participants were on average 36.5 (SD 12.3) years old and 61% were women. Patients suffering from any ‘anxiety (without depressive) disorder’ benefited significantly less from concise care than standard care (P = 0.012).Conclusions: The benefit of a concise form of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was independent from demographic and clinical characteristics. Only patients with anxiety (without depressive) disorders benefit less from concise treatment.
EL BURNOUT EN LOS PROFESIONALES DE LA EDUCACIÓN QUE TRABAJAN CON PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD EN CÓRDOBA (ESPAÑA). INFLUENCIA DE LAS VARIABLES LABORALES
Authors: Ruiz-Calzado Inmaculada , Llorent Vicente J. 
Published: June 2018

Esta investigación examina la relación entre el Burnout y sus dimensiones (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal), y las características laborales de los profesionales que trabajan con personas con discapacidad en Córdoba. Se trata de un estudio de prevalencia, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra seleccionada consta de 157 profesionales que trabajan en centros y en empresas de atención a personas con discapacidad en Córdoba.Los resultados han evidenciado que existe un elevado nivel de Burnout generalizado. Y atendiendo a los variables laborales, se ha obtenido que los profesionales con 21 años o más de experiencia, padecen más Burnout que los más inexpertos. Los profesionales con contrato indefinido en su empresa presentan niveles más elevados de Burnout que los definidos. Los profesionales que llevan 21 años o más en el puesto de trabajo actual, padecen más Burnout que el grupo que lleva 5 años o menos, y además, estos profesionales con mucho tiempo trabajado en la misma empresa, también muestran niveles más elevados de Burnout que los profesionales con poco tiempo, 5 años o menos.Estos resultados confirman estudios previos (Barrera, Malagón y Sarasola, 2015), y han permitido identificar que más de la mitad de los trabajadores presentan elevados niveles de Burnout. Al tratarse de un tema crucial para el profesional del ámbito de la discapacidad, para la empresa y también para la sociedad, se debe insistir en esta línea de investigación para favorecer la reducción del Burnout en este colectivo.
¿POR QUÉ ABANDONAN LOS ALUMNOS UNIVERSITARIOS? VARIABLES DE INFLUENCIA EN EL PLANTEAMIENTO Y CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL ABANDONO
Authors: Tuero Herrero Ellián , Cervero Antonio , Esteban María , Bernardo Ana 
Published: June 2018

Introducción. Actualmente entre los aspectos que más interés suscitan en el ámbito educativo se encuentra conocer las causas que llevan al alumnado a abandonar sus estudios universitarios. El fin común no es otro que tratar de desarrollar medidas preventivas para corregir tal proceso. Sin embargo, pese a los trabajos existentes sobre ello, son escasos los estudios nacionales que han tratado de determinar las variables que mayores correlaciones presentan con el planteamiento de abandono y los procesos decisorios de su consolidación posterior. Con el objetivo de arrojar más luz sobre esto, se ha estudiado en profundidad el caso de los alumnos de una universidad del norte de España.Método. Para ello se desarrolló una investigación ex-post-facto de estudio descriptivo e inferencial. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.055 estudiantes, pertenecientes a distintas áreas de conocimiento, que comenzaron sus carreras en el curso 2010/2011 en dicha universidad. Para la recogida de datos fue elaborado un cuestionario ad hoc con 36 ítem. Resultados. Los análisis de la cohorte de nuevo ingreso refieren que un porcentaje alto del alumnado de la muestra (31.5%) se ha planteado abandonar la carrera universitaria, consolidando su idea más de la mitad de los alumnos de dicha muestra (17.0%). Los resultados de este estudio también permiten dar respuesta al objetivo principal. Así, se destacan como las variables más relevantes en el planteamiento y consolidación del abandono, respectivamente y en orden de importancia: el rendimiento temprano del alumno, su tiempo de trabajo no académico (doméstico y/o remunerado), la vinculación mantenida con los docentes, las expectativas generadas sobre los contenidos, el uso de técnicas de estudio y la orientación recibida. Discusión. Estos resultados son congruentes con los obtenidos en estudios previos y hacen patente la necesidad de llevar a cabo una actuación global por parte de las instituciones educativas que debería dar comienzo en Educación Secundaria.