bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Psychological Interventions on Economically Disadvantaged Families: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lo Herman Hay-Ming , Zhang Jiwen , Choi Chun-Wah 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To examine the effects of short-term psychological interventions on reducing family stress of economically disadvantaged families. Method: Systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were used to synthesize the results of randomized controlled studies published between 1980 and 2018. Results: The search yielded 8 studies that included results for 1,538 families in total. The risk of bias varied across studies. The meta-analysis results suggest a small positive effect ( g = .38, p < .001) on child behavioral problems. Heterogeneity was relatively high and significant. We also found small to moderate effects on parenting stress, parental depression, and parenting quality ( g ranging from .30 to .51). Discussion: The findings of this review suggest that short-term psychological interventions may reduce the family stress of economically disadvantaged families, with effect sizes that are comparable to those of interventions delivered to ordinary families. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Body Mass Index and Association With Caries in School-Aged Children With Orofacial Cleft: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sundell Anna Lena , Nilsson Anna-Karin , Marcusson Agneta , Törnhage Carl-Johan 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Data on the association between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in children with orofacial clefts are sparse. Therefore, studies on the impact of BMI on caries frequency in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are of importance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between BMI and frequency of dental caries in children with and without CL/P. Height, weight, and BMI in children with CL/P were also compared to controls. Design: This study used a cross-sectional case-control design. Participants: One hundred and thirty-nine 5- and 10-year-old children with CL/P and 299 age-matched controls. Main Outcome Measures: Caries was recorded according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Height and weight were recorded, and BMI was calculated as weight/height2. Results: There was no correlation between BMI and caries frequency. Weight, height, and BMI were significantly lower in all children with CL/P compared to controls. After adjustment for international adoption, only BMI was significantly lower in CL/P children compared to controls. Non-adopted children with CL/P were significantly heavier and longer than adopted children with CL/P. Conclusions: Five- and 10-year-old children with corrected CL/P seemed to have a lower BMI than controls, but there was no association between BMI and caries frequency. Internationally adopted children with CL/P were lighter and shorter than non-adopted CL/P children and controls.
Inverse Relationship Between Radiographic Lateral Ankle Instability and Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Patients With Ankle Inversion Injuries
Authors: Park Byeong Seop , Chung Chin Youb , Park Moon Seok , Sung Ki Hyuk , Choi Young , Park Chulhee , Koo Seungbum , Lee Kyoung Min 
Published: August 2019

Background: Insufficient or excessive bony constraint surrounding the talus might contribute to the occurrence of ligamentous injury or bone contusion, respectively, at the time of ankle inversion injuries. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiographic lateral ankle instability and osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) following ankle inversion injuries. Methods: A total of 195 patients (113 men and 83 women; mean age, 38.7 years) with a history of ankle inversion injuries were included in this study. All patients underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stress radiography. The tibiotalar tilt angle on varus stress radiograph, anterior translation of the talus on anterior-drawer lateral radiographs, bimalleolar tilt angle, and fibular position were radiographically determined. The radiographic lateral ankle instability was defined as tibiotalar tilt angle ≥10 degrees, and the presence of OLT was confirmed on MR images. The relationship between the radiographic lateral ankle instability and the presence of OLT was statistically analyzed. Results: The presence of radiographic lateral ankle instability (tibiotalar tilt angle ≥10 degrees) showed an inverse relationship with that of OLT in the chi-squared test ( P = .003). An increased tibiotalar tilt angle was associated with lower incidence of OLT ( P = .011) in the multiple regression analysis, and the presence of OLT was associated with a decreased tibiotalar tilt angle ( P = .016) in the binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study showed an inverse relationship between lateral ankle instability and the development of OLT following ankle inversion injury. The role of bony constraint in the development of sports injuries in the ankle should be considered with these injuries. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic, comparative study.
A nomogram based on a gene signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Bowen , Fu Lingyu , Xu Shan , Xiao Jiawen , Li Zhi , Liu Yunpeng 
Published: August 2019

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a gene-expression-based prognostic signature in non-metastatic patients with HNSCC. Materials and methods: All the patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We randomly divided the GSE65858 samples into 70% (training cohort, n = 190) and 30% (internal validation cohort, n = 72). A total of 36 samples collected from the TCGA HNSCC databases were selected as an independent external validation cohort. The oligo package in R was used to normalize the raw data before analysis. Data characteristics were extracted, and a gene signature was built via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model. The predictive model was developed by multivariable Cox regression analysis. T stage, N stage, human papilloma virus status, and the gene signature were incorporated in this predictive model, which was shown as a nomogram. Calibration and discrimination were performed to assess the performance of the nomogram. The clinical utility of this nomogram was assessed by the decision curve analysis. Results: Overall, 2001 significant messenger RNAs in HNSCC samples were identified compared with normal samples. The gene signature contained seven genes and significantly correlated with overall survival. The gene signature was also significant in subgroup analysis of the primary cohort. The calibration was plotted in the external cohort (C-index 0.90, 95% CI 0.85, 0.95) compared with the training (C-index 0.76, 95% CI 0.73, 0.79) and internal (C-index 0.71, 95% CI 0.66, 0.77) cohorts. In clinic, a decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model including the prognostic gene signature score status was better than that without it. Conclusion: This study developed and validated a predictive model, which can promote the individualized prediction of overall survival in non-metastatic patients with HNSCC.
Recommendations for improving clinical trial design to facilitate the study of youth-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Barrientos-Pérez Margarita , Hafez Mona , Lynch Jane , Shehadeh Naim , Turan Serap , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in youths and differs from adult-onset type 2 diabetes in its characteristics and progression. Currently, only two drugs are approved for youth-onset type 2 diabetes and many patients are not meeting glycemic targets. Clearly, there is an urgent need to complete clinical trials in youths with type 2 diabetes to increase the therapeutic choice for these patients. However, factors such as limited patient numbers, unwillingness of patients to participate in trials, failure to meet strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and poor clinic attendance have limited the size and number of trials in this complicated patient demographic. Recommendations This is a narrative opinion piece on the design of clinical trials in youth-onset type 2 diabetes prepared by researchers who undertake this type of study in different countries. The review addresses possible ways to enhance trial designs in youth-onset type 2 diabetes to meet regulatory requirements, while minimizing the barriers to patients’ participation. The definition of adolescence, recruitment of sufficient patient numbers, increasing flexibility in selection criteria, improving convenience of trial visits, requirements of a control group, possible endpoints, and trial compliance are all considered. The authors recommend allowing extrapolation from adult data, using multiple interventional arms within future trials, broadening inclusion criteria, and focusing on endpoints beyond glucose control, among others, in order to improve the successful completion of more trials in this population. Conclusions Improvements in trial design will enable better recruitment and retention and thereby more evidence for treatment outcomes for youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
Desarrollo del sentido de comunidad: una propuesta para las universidades promotoras de la salud
Authors: Pérez-Wilson Patricia , Álvarez-Dardet Carlos , Ruiz Cantero María Teresa , Martínez-Riera José Ramón , Carrasco-Portiño Mercedes 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Las Universidades Promotoras de la Salud (UPS) promueven que las personas movilicen sus recursos para participar e influir en las decisiones que les afectan, creando oportunidades de desarrollo para la mejora continua de la salud y el bienestar en el campus. La búsqueda de las condiciones que generan salud es la base de la salutogénesis. Desde el modelo de activos en salud, podría visualizarse la comunidad universitaria como un recurso que potencia la capacidad de sus integrantes para mantenerse sanos. Se propone incorporar de manera más explícita entre los lineamientos de la UPS el desarrollo del sentido de comunidad como elemento clave que actuaría de forma sinérgica individual y colectivamente, facilitando que las personas se sientan parte de la comunidad universitaria, se apropien de esta iniciativa y puedan participar activamente de ella, lo que podría ser un elemento de distinción que contribuiría a revitalizar la estrategia de las UPS.
A culturally informed lower-extremity complication prevention program for people living with diabetes in south India
Authors: Peacock Amanda , Skemp Lisa , Seetharam Sridevi , Shanmukha Rekha , Prasad Manohar , Seetharam Mysore Ramachandra 
Published: August 2019

Background: Diabetes and its complications are increasing in frequency worldwide. Lower-extremity complications carry a high risk for morbidity and mortality, yet are largely preventable through education and self-monitoring. In India, rural areas lack access to education, care, and treatment. Despite existing evidence-based programs to reduce diabetes-related lower-extremity complications in areas with limited resources, uptake and sustainability may be hampered by the lack of translation to the local cultural context. Aims: To address this gap, this study used the Culturally Informed Healthy Aging nursing process to develop a lower extremity complication prevention program in a rural village. The paper describes the results of a community health needs assessment conducted annually from 2009 to 2014, and subsequent pilot test of an intervention incorporating these results. Methods: The Culturally Informed Healthy Aging process is a naturalistic, inductive method used to identify and address health needs. Components include community partnership, community assessment, program planning, selection of health priorities, workgroup formation and translation of evidence, and program outcome evaluation. The programming is assessed using process evaluation, which allows for continuous monitoring and program modification. Results: Community assessment revealed a number of values, beliefs, and practices related to foot care and assessment in rural south India. These were incorporated into culturally informed programming and evidence-based protocols were adapted for use in the local context. Programming resulted in increased community capacity for lower extremity complication prevention, accessible population screening, and culturally informed foot care education. Discussion: Strengths, limitations and implications for care in rural India and other areas are discussed.
The effect of exercise training on blood pressure in African and Asian populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bersaoui Marina , Baldew Se-Sergio M , Cornelis Nils , Toelsie Jerry , Cornelissen Veronique A 
Published: August 2019

Background Exercise is key in the primary prevention and management of hypertension. Yet, current exercise recommendations are predominantly based on meta-analyses involving populations of European descent. Since blood pressure (BP) responses to pharmaceutical interventions are known to differ among ethnic groups, we aimed to investigate the BP responses to exercise training in non-European descendants. Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the available literature on the efficacy of exercise on BP in healthy adults (age ≥18 years) of African or Asian origin. Methods We searched the MEDLINE database for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of exercise training on BP in healthy African and Asian adults with optimal BP, elevated BP or hypertension and published in a peer-reviewed journal up to May 2019. Random effect models were fitted to estimate the effect sizes. Results We identified 22 trials involving individuals of Asian origin ( n = 931; mean age: 44 years; 41% male) and four trials involving individuals of African origin ( n = 510; mean age: 56.7 years; 80% male). Aerobic exercise training significantly ( p < 0.001) reduced systolic and diastolic BP in each ethnic group. Resistance training did not affect the BP of Asian participants with optimal BP. The effect of resistance training in Asians with elevated BP or hypertension and Africans could not be determined due to lack of data. Sub-analyses suggested somewhat larger reductions in systolic BP following aerobic training in hypertensive Africans compared with hypertensive Asians. Conclusions We found favorable effects of aerobic exercise training on BP in the African and the Asian populations. However, the overall low number of studies and especially the lack of data on resistance training and combined training in African and Asian populations warrant more research to improve the quality of evidence.
Does the drain placement technique affect the amount of postoperative spinal epidural hematoma after microendoscopic decompressive laminotomy for lumbar spinal stenosis?
Authors: Merter Abdullah , Shibayama Motohide 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To prospectively evaluate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the relationship between the distance from the incision of the drain output location and postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) in patients performed with microendoscopic decompressive laminotomy (MEDL) for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2018, three different kinds of drain placement techniques, according to the drain output location, were performed to a total of 184 patients after MEDL for single-level spinal stenosis. The location of the drain output was within the incision in group 1, 1 cm lateral of the incision in group 2, and 5 cm lateral of the incision in group 3. At 24 h postoperatively, before removal of the drain, MRI examination was carried out in patients. A specific classification was developed by the authors to measure SEH, and the groups were evaluated by comparison. Results: The mean postoperative dural sac cross-sectional area was 1.73 cm2 (standard deviation (SD): 0.711) in group 1, 1.66 cm2 (SD: 0.732) in group 2, and 1.52 cm2 in group 3 (SD: 0.841).The mean cross-sectional area of the postoperative hematoma was 1.45 cm2 (SD: 1.007) in group 1, 1.57 cm2 (SD: 1.053) in group 2, and 2.11 cm2 (SD: 1.024) in group 3. Four grades were defined according to the specific classification. According to this classification, grades C and D postoperative hematomas were determined at a statistically significantly higher rate in group 3 patients (drain output 5 cm lateral from the incision) compared to the other groups ( p = 0.000). No significant difference was determined between groups 1 and 2 in respect of hematoma classification. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that better drainage was provided in groups 1 and 2, where the drain output location was in the incision or close to it.
Bilayer Graft for Incisionless In‐Office Endoscopic Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kozin Elliott D. , Lee Daniel J. , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: August 2019

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations may result in significant patient morbidity. While intraoperative myringoplasty or tympanoplasty allow for effective repair, not all patients are candidates for general anesthesia. Herein, we describe a novel graft design and technique for in‐office repair of TM perforations in the clinic setting. Two pieces of porcine submucosa material were interdigitated to create a bilayer design with lateral and medial flanges. Topical and injected lidocaine were used for local anesthesia. The perforation was rimmed. Grafts were grasped, and medial flanges were placed through the perforation, with lateral flanges resting on the TM surface. TM repair occurred in 5 awake patients with a mean age of 72 years. There were no complications. All perforations healed, with 1 case requiring a minor in‐office revision. Audiometry was performed at 4 weeks. The preoperative air‐bone gap (mean 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) was 12.2 ± 4.1 dB, and postoperatively, it was 4.2 ± 2.4 dB (P =. 001). Novel design of available graft material may allow for effective in‐office TM repair.
How Do Common Comorbidities Modify the Association of Frailty With Survival After Elective Noncardiac Surgery? A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hui Yin , van Walraven Carl , McIsaac Daniel I. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
Older people with frailty have decreased postoperative survival. Understanding how comorbidities modify the association between frailty and survival could improve risk stratification and guide development of interventions. Therefore, we evaluated whether the concurrent presence of common and high-risk comorbidities (dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary artery disease [CAD], diabetes mellitus, heart failure [HF]) in conjunction with frailty might be associated with a larger decrease in postoperative survival after major elective surgery than would be expected based on the presence of the comorbidity and frailty on their own.

METHODS:
This cohort study used linked administrative data from Ontario, Canada to identify adults >65 years having elective noncardiac surgery from 2010 to 2015. Frailty was identified using a validated index; comorbidities were identified with validated codes. We evaluated the presence of effect modification (also called interaction) between frailty and each comorbidity on (1) the relative (or multiplicative) scale by assessing whether the risk of mortality when both frailty and the comorbidity were present was different than the product of the risks associated with each condition; and (2) the absolute risk difference (or additive) scale by assessing whether the risk of mortality when both frailty and the comorbidity were present was greater than the sum of the risks associated with each condition.

RESULTS:
11,150 (9.7%) people with frailty died versus 7826 (2.8%) without frailty. After adjustment, frailty was associated with decreased survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31–2.54). On the relative (multiplicative) scale, only diabetes mellitus demonstrated significant effect modification (P value for interaction .03; reduced risk together). On the absolute risk difference (additive) scale, all comorbidities except for coronary disease demonstrated effect modification of the association of frailty with survival. Co-occurrence of dementia with frailty carried the greatest excess risk (Synergy Index [S; the excess risk from exposure to both risk factors compared to the sum of the risks from each factor in isolation] = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.32–10.80, the excess risk from exposure to both risk factors compared to the sum of the risks from each factor in isolation).

CONCLUSIONS:
Common comorbidities modify the association of frailty with postoperative survival; however, this effect was only apparent when analyses accounted for effect modification on the absolute risk difference, as opposed to relative scale. While the relative scale is more commonly used in biomedical research, smaller effects may be easier to detect on the risk difference scale. The concurrent presence of dementia, COPD, and HF with frailty were all associated with excess mortality on the absolute risk difference scale.
Mannose glycosylation is an integral step for NIS localization and function in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Rathod Maitreyi , Chatterjee Sushmita , Dutta Shruti , Kalraiya Rajiv , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , De Abhijit 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Chasing an intriguing biological question on the disparity of sodium iodide symporter (NIS, officially known as SLC5A5) expression and function in the clinical scenario of breast cancer, this study addresses key molecular defects involved. NIS in cancer patients has primarily been recorded to be a cytoplasmic protein, thus limiting the scope for targeted radio-iodine therapy. We developed NIS transgene-overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and found a few clonal derivatives that show predominant expression of NIS in the plasma membrane. The majority of clones, however, showed cytosolic NIS expression over long passages. Cells expressing membranous NIS show unperturbed dynamic trafficking of NIS through secretory pathway organelles when compared to cells expressing cytoplasmic NIS or to parental cells. Further, treatment of cells expressing membranous NIS with specific glycosylation inhibitors highlighted the importance of inherent glycosylation processing and an 84 gene signature glycosylation RT-Profiler array revealed that clones expressing NIS in their membrane cluster separately compared to the other cells. We further confirm a role of three differentially expressed genes, i.e. MAN1B1, MAN1A1 and MAN2A1, in regulating NIS localization by RNA interference. Thus, this study shows the important role of mannosidase in N-glycosylation processing in order to correctly traffic NIS to the plasma membrane in breast cancer cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.