bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive activity, microhabitat use, and calling sites of Pristimantis bacchus (Anura: Craugastoridae)
Authors: Chinchilla-Lemus Wilfredo , Serrano-Cardozo Víctor Hugo , Ramírez-Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pristimantis bacchus is an endangered terrestrial frog, endemic to cloud forests of the northern part of the Cordillera Oriental in the Colombian Andes. The knowledge of its reproductive biology and microhabitat use can offer important information for future conservation programs. We evaluated the reproductive activity and microhabitat use for both sexes, and selection of calling sites by males during rainy and dry seasons. Individuals of all reproductive conditions were observed throughout the sampled months; however, we observed a higher abundance of frogs during the first rainy season, after the driest months of the year. Thus, this population seems to have continuous reproductive activity, with an apparent peak at the onset of the first rainy season of the year. There were differences in the microhabitat use between sexes, between adults and juveniles, and between non-reproductive and reproductive females. Males use a wider variety of substrates at higher perches, while females were mainly found on leaf litter and over leaves at low heights; however, ovigerous females mostly occupied substrates above 120 cm. Juveniles were less abundant than adults, and occupy low substrates, mostly at forest litter. Two selection models evaluated the preference for calling sites, related to physiological requirements of humidity and for vocal sound dispersion. Males preferred to vocalize on perches at heights among 41-120 cm and with a vegetal structure that maintains high humidity, avoiding desiccation, and reducing exposure to predators. Therefore, intrapopulation variation in microhabitat use in this species is related to age, sex, reproductive condition, and physiological requirements.
Сионистские Организации в Воронеже
Authors: Бахтин Виктор Викторович 
Published: July 2019

Аннотация
В статье на основе материалов архивно-следственных дел анализируется деятельность сионисткой партии и Гашомер-Гациор в Воронеже. Архивно-следственные дела – особый исторический источник советского периода, в нем содержатся материалы социобиографического характера и документы судебного процесса. Сионисты отбывали ссылку в городе после их осуждения в различных регионах страны. Большинство из них были осуждены на Украине. Их аресты в Воронеже были следствием продолжавшейся в Советском Союзе борьбы с сионизмом. Так как они уже были репрессированы ранее органами ОГПУ. Их обвинили в создание нелегальных кассы взаимопомощи и библиотеки. Лидером сионистов был Давид Браиловский. Спецификой дела дела Гашомер-Гациор 1932 года стало обвинение Наума Бройтмана в организации «итальянской забастовки». Введение в научный оборот материалов архивно-следственных дел позволило сформулировать автору ряд выводов.
A Fully Armed Historiography
Authors: Lih Lars T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This essay disputes the traditional view of Lenin’s April Theses as radical, pitting him against his own party shortly after his arrival in Petrograd. Instead, Bolsheviks before and after Lenin’s arrival in 1917 remained true to the party’s class scenario of revolution embodied in the slogan, “All Power to the Soviets.”
“Under Seven Seals”
Authors: Pogorelskin Alexis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Biographies of Stalin in the past decade and a half have focused renewed attention on the document known as Lenin’s Testament in which the Bolshevik founder assessed six colleagues and, in an addendum, called for Stalin’s replacement as General-Secretary of the party. Russian scholar Valentine Sakharov argues in contrast that the document is the invention of Trotskyists concocted after the Twelfth Party Congress. This essay examines the new research on the Testament and offers its own interpretation of the document’s origins and motivation.
“Love Live Comrade Trotskii!”
Authors: Takala Irina 
Published: July 2019

Аннотация
В статье анализируется дискурс внутрипартийной оппозиции в документах органов безопасности 1924–1929 гг. (обзоры ОГПУ и сводки ГПУ Карелии). Автор приходит к выводу, что тема внутрипартийной оппозиции при наблюдении за политическим состоянием общества даже в разгар борьбы за власть была для ОГПУ и верховного руководства страны периферийной, в отличие от остальных. Документы свидетельствуют о слабости, разобщённости и малой активности внутрипартийной оппозиции на местах и ещё более слабом понимании в обществе происходящих в партии событий. Вместе с тем прослеживающиеся в документах коннотативные изменения слов «оппозиция» и «троцкизм» позволили применять их к 1930-м годам уже ко всем слоям населения и использовать при подготовке общества к Большому террору.
Sergei Viktorovich Yarov, 1959–2015
Authors: Black Clayton 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article offers a brief tribute to the life and career of Sergei Viktorovich Yarov, whose works pioneered new avenues of research in the history of workers, popular mentalities, and the city of Leningrad, especially during the Siege. It provides an assessment of his key works, especially his monographs, and his role in the development of the historical discipline in Russia before and after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Whirls of Faith and Fancy
Authors: Laschinger Verena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Elif Shafak’s The Flea Palace (2004) exposes secularized Istanbul as a grotesque world. By establishing the apartment building as a synecdoche for the city and negotiating the characters’ trajectories within the historical context of modernizing Istanbul, the novel presents their alienation as the sine qua non of the modern individual which is best confronted playfully or rather in the Sufi way. The argument is supported by the novel’s complex employment of circles and lines as thematic and formal patterns which refer to Islamic ritual practice of the Mevlevi Sufis in numerous ways.
Strobilation in a Mollusc; The Development of Aberrant Stages in Clio Pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767 (Gastropoda, Pteropoda)
Authors: van der Spoel S. 
Published: July 2019

The occurrence of aberrant stages in the protandric hermaphrodite Clio pyramidata is considered in relation to the sexual cycle of this species. The anatomy of the juveniles, males and females is shortly discussed especially with regard to their sexual organs. The anatomy of the developing (the normal-complete) and of the growing-aberrant stage is briefly reviewed. It is shown that the aberrant stage is formed by strobilation of a normal specimen, probably as a result of less favourable environmental conditions. As the most important conclusions it can be stated that:
1) the aberrant stage described by van der Spoel (1962) is a normal stage in the life cycle;
2) the aberrants are most abundant in the population in the months before the reproductive peaks;
3) the aberrants seem to occur more frequently when environmental conditions become less favourable;
4) the aberrants develop from specimens in the female phase;
5) the aberrants develop into male specimens;
6) the aberrants arise by strobilation of a normal specimen;
7) the animal, which gives rise by strobilation to an aberrant, is after strobilation an asexual shell-less specimen;
8) the strobilation points to an evolutionary relation between worms and molluscs.
Investigation of Novel Grafts in Use for Pediatric Tympanoplasty
Authors: Barron Christine , Lukens Jordan , Niermeyer Weston , Onwuka Amanda , Chiang Tendy , Elmaraghy Charles 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of allograft and xenograft in pediatric tympanoplasty on patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 50 pediatric patients undergoing tympanoplasty at a single tertiary pediatric hospital system that received either autograft, allograft, or xenograft. Patients were evaluated for persistent perforation, recurrent perforation, revision surgery, and postoperative infection. Hearing outcomes, operative charges, and operative time were also evaluated. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical data and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests for continuous data. Results: Half of the cohort received autografts, whereas 38% received xenografts and 14% received allografts. Although there was not a significant difference in charges associated with these procedures, xenografts had the shortest mean operative time (mean: 39 vs 68 minutes in autografts, p = .05). Overall, the rate of persistent perforation was 10%, recurrent perforation was 20%, revision surgery was 16%, and postoperative infection was 18%. There were no differences in the rates of these outcomes by graft type. Furthermore, there was no observed difference in hearing outcomes among autograft and xenograft recipients, but allograft recipients had significantly improved hearing postoperatively. Conclusions: Similar rates of complications were observed among autografts, xenografts, and allografts, providing preliminary evidence that they are safe to use in pediatric tympanoplasty.
Detection of Microbiota in Post Radiation Sinusitis
Authors: Stoddard Timothy J. , Varadarajan Varun V. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Boyce Brian J. , Justice Jeb M. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: A shift in the microbiota of chronic rhinosinusitis has been described after radiotherapy to the sinonasal cavity and skull base. There is a paucity of literature characterizing the bacteriology of post radiation sinusitis using next-generation gene sequencing techniques. This study aims to describe and compare the microbial flora of rhinosinusitis after radiotherapy using both culture and molecular techniques for microbial DNA detection. Methods: The medical records of patients treated with external beam radiation for sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, or skull base malignancy were reviewed at a tertiary care facility. Patients’ sinonasal cavities were swabbed for routine culture or brushed for molecular gene sequencing. Swab specimens were processed for standard microbial culture, and brush specimens were sent for gene sequencing at Micro GenX Laboratory (Lubbock, Texas, USA). Results: Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with chronic sinusitis after undergoing radiotherapy. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism identified by both culture and gene sequencing, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several additional organisms were detected by gene sequencing that were not isolated by routine culture techniques. Gene sequencing identified pathogens differing from culture results in 50% of patients examined. Conclusion: The bacteriology of post radiation sinusitis appears to resemble the microorganisms responsible for chronic sinusitis in healthy adults. Next generation gene sequencing techniques may reveal additional organisms responsible for sinusitis and provide complementary results that may impact the medical treatment of post radiation sinusitis.
Capitalism and Culture in Peru’s Neoliberal Process (1990–2013): Notes from an Ayacucho Community
Authors: Cepeda-Caceres Mario R. 
Published: July 2019

Peruvian society underwent a profound transformation following the crisis of the 1980s and the structural reforms implemented in the 1990s. New paradigms were created in rural areas that connected previous discourses on local identity with market dynamics through tourism. The campesino community of Lucanas went from successful management of the vicuña to an economy that pursued market performance practices by adopting a neoliberal paradigm. A distinctive way of living with the structural changes, here called “culturally appropriated capitalism,” produced a new national consciousness—a new way of seeing and relating to the world, from the economic to the cultural. Luego de la crisis peruana de la década de 1980 y las reformas estructurales implementadas en la década de 1990, la sociedad peruana sufrió una transformación profunda. En el ámbito rural, se crearon nuevos paradigmas que enlazaban antiguos discursos sobre la identidad local con las dinámicas del mercado a través del turismo. La Comunidad Campesina de Lucanas pasó de tener éxito en el manejo de la vicuña a una economía que apuesta por las prácticas performativas del mercado adoptando el paradigma neoliberal. Una forma particular de vivir las reformas estructurales, aquí llamado “capitalismo achorado”, produjo una nueva conciencia nacional—una nueva manera de ver y relacionarse con el mundo, desde lo económico hacia lo cultural.
A skills acquisition study on ECMOjo: a screen-based simulator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Alsalemi Abdullah , Tanaka Len , Ogino Mark , Disi Mohammed Al , Alhomsi Yahya , Bensaali Fayçal , Amira Abbes , Alinier Guillaume 
Published: July 2019

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation relies heavily on didactic teaching, emphasizing on essential cognitive skills, but overlooking core behavioral skills such as leadership and communication. Therefore, simulation-based training has been adopted to instill clinical knowledge through immersive experiences. Despite simulation-based training’s effectiveness, training opportunities are lessened due to high costs. This is where screen-based simulators come into the scene as affordable and realistic alternatives. Aim: This article evaluates the educational efficacy of ECMOjo, an open-source screen-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulator that aims to replace extracorporeal membrane oxygenation didactic instruction in an interactive and cost-effective manner. Method: A prospective cohort skills acquisition study was carried out. A total of 44 participants were pre-assessed, divided into two groups, where the first group received traditional didactic teaching, and the second used ECMOjo. Participants were then evaluated through a wet lab assessment and two questionnaires. Results: The obtained results indicate that the two assessed groups show no statistically significant differences in knowledge and efficacy. Hence, ECMOjo is considered an alternative to didactic teaching as per the learning outcomes. Conclusion: The present findings show no significant dissimilarities between ECMOjo and didactic classroom-based teaching. Both methods are very comparable in terms of the learner’s reported self-efficacy and complementary to mannequin-based simulations.
PACAP27 induces migraine-like attacks in migraine patients
Authors: Ghanizada Hashmat , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Arngrim Nanna , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is found in two functional isoforms, namely PACAP38 and PACAP27. The migraine-inducing properties of PACAP38 are well studied. However, it is not known whether the lesser-known and under-studied protein isoform, PACAP27, can also induce migraine attacks. Here, we studied the effect of human PACAP27 infusion on induction of migraine in a provocation model. Methods In a crossover study, 20 migraine without aura patients were randomly assigned to receive human PACAP27 (10 picomol/kg/min) or saline (placebo) infusion over 20 min. We recorded the migraine and associated symptoms. Results All patients completed the study. PACAP27 provoked migraine-like attacks in 11 patients (55%) and two developed attacks after placebo (10%) ( p = 0.022). The headache intensity and duration after PACAP27 was significantly greater compared to placebo ( p = 0.003). Conclusion PACAP27 triggers migraine attacks without aura. These novel data strengthen the role of PACAP and its receptors in migraine pathogenesis.
Causes and factors related to hospitalizations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of a 20-year period (1995–2015) from a single referral centre in Catalonia
Authors: Rosa G Pires da , Ortega M Fontecha , Teixeira A , Espinosa G , Cervera R 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Although extensively characterized in the outpatient setting, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the hospitalization wards is still scarcely portrayed, particularly in the perspective of its evolution over the years. Methods Retrospective analysis of SLE patients hospitalized in the Department of Autoimmune Diseases of a university hospital during a 20-year period (1995–2015), describing hospitalization characteristics, causes and predictors of outcome. Results A total of 814 hospitalizations concerning 339 patients were analysed. The main causes of admission were flare (40.2%), infection (19.2%), diagnostic procedures (18.8%) and thrombotic events (5.4%). Therapy with cyclophosphamide (odds ratio (OR) 1.908, p = 0.047) was associated with admission due to infection, while antimalarials displayed a protective effect (OR 0.649, p = 0.024). Nearly 3.9% of patients required admission to an intensive care unit, with associated antiphospholipid syndrome (OR 7.385, p = 0.04) standing as a predicting factor for this outcome. Readmission at 30 days occurred in 5.8% of patients, with thrombocytopenia (OR 6.007, p = 0.002) and renal involvement (OR 3.362, p = 0.032) featuring as predicting factors. Eight patients died, with antiphospholipid syndrome (OR 26.814, p = 0.02) and thrombocytopenia (OR 31.523, p = 0.01) being associated with mortality. There was no significant variation in patients' demographics or admission causes across the 20-year period, except for a decrease in admissions due to thrombotic and musculoskeletal causes. Recently, an increase in the use of mycophenolate mofetil and lower doses of glucocorticoids were noted. Conclusion While demographics of SLE hospitalizations have not markedly changed over the past 20 years, changes in therapy patterns were observed. Thrombocytopenia, antiphospholipid syndrome and renal involvement featured as predictors of poor outcome.
Association of TNFSF4 rs1234315, rs2205960 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang J -M , Yuan Z -C , Huang A -F , Xu W -D 
Published: July 2019

Background The aim of this study was to explore the association between tumor necrosis factor superfamily number 4 (TNFSF4) rs1234315, rs2205960 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. Methods A meta-analysis was performed on the association between rs1234315 and rs2205960 polymorphisms and SLE by allelic contrast, additive model, recessive model and dominant model. Results Regarding rs1234315 polymorphism, a total of five studies were included (6575 cases, 14,798 controls). Meta-analysis showed significant associations between the T allele and SLE in overall subjects and Asians (OR = 1.310, 95%CI: 1.104–1.553, p = 0.002; OR = 1.458, 95%CI: 1.328–1.602, p < 0.001). With respect to the rs2205960 polymorphism, significant associations between the T allele and SLE were found in all subjects (OR = 1.333, 95%CI: 1.254–1.418, p < 0.001), Asians (OR = 1.407, 95%CI: 1.345–1.471, p < 0.001) and Europeans (OR = 1.254, 95%CI: 1.185–1.328, p < 0.001). Results also showed significant associations between the additive model and SLE in all subjects and Asians (OR = 1.934, 95%CI: 1.500–2.494, p < 0.001; OR = 1.882, 95%CI: 1.318–2.689, p = 0.001). Furthermore, we detected significant associations between the dominant model and SLE in all subjects and Asians (OR = 1.421, 95%CI: 1.239–1.629, p < 0.001; OR = 1.297, 95%CI: 1.083–1.555, p = 0.005). Significant associations were found between the recessive model and SLE in overall subjects and Asians (OR = 1.677, 95%CI: 1.312–2.144, p < 0.001; OR = 1.751, 95%CI: 1.235–2.483, p = 0.002). Conclusion The present study suggested that TNFSF4 rs1234315 and rs2205960 polymorphisms were associated with SLE susceptibility.
Hand-Product Contact Point Detection on Surgical Instruments – A User Evaluation
Authors: Sampaio Álvaro M. , Simões Paulo , Arezes Pedro , Pontes António J. 
Published: July 2019

The interaction of hand tools with the user is crucial and a key factor for his or her performance. In specific medical devices like surgical instruments, it is also important to ensure patient safety, namely, to avoid the risk of a surgical instrument’s being left inside a body. This article investigates the patterns of hand-to-product contact areas by identifying the potential locations to couple an external add-on tracing device on surgical instruments. A user evaluation study was conducted to determine the contact areas between the surgeons’ hands and different surgical instruments. The methodology, the results, and a discussion are described below.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Forefoot Offloading Versus Rigid Flat Shoes in Patients Undergoing Surgery of the First Ray
Authors: Dearden Paul M. C. , Ray Robbie I. , Robinson Peter W. , Varrall Caroline R. , Goff Thomas J. , Fogarty Karren A. , Wines Andrew P. 
Published: July 2019

Background: It is common clinical practice to use either flat or reverse camber shoes to protect the foot for up to 6 weeks after surgery for hallux valgus or hallux rigidus. To date there is a paucity of evidence as to whether there is any difference between these 2 postoperative shoes, in either patient satisfaction or clinical outcomes. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing scarf/Akin osteotomies or first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis were recruited. Patients were randomized 50:50 to either flat or reverse camber postoperative shoes. Patients undergoing ancillary lesser toe procedures were not excluded. Patient satisfaction was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Likert satisfaction survey. Radiographic outcomes were reviewed at 1 year observing differences in fusion rates or deformity recurrence. There were 47 patients in the reverse cam and 43 in the flat shoe group. No difference in primary forefoot operation, additional operation, age at surgery, or preop VAS pain score was seen. Results: At 6 weeks, there was no significant difference in postop VAS pain score. The flat shoe group was significantly more likely to be satisfied with their general mobility (86.0% vs 61.7%; P = .01) and with their stability in the shoe (90.7% vs 69.6%; P = .03). No significant difference was seen between groups for nonunion or hallux valgus recurrence rates. Conclusion: Both forms of postoperative footwear were effective in enabling patients to mobilize and in preventing adverse outcomes. Patients were more likely to be satisfied with a flat postoperative shoe due to improved stability and ease of mobilizing. The results of this study aid surgeon decision making for postoperative footwear in forefoot surgery. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective randomized controlled trial.