bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sialomucin CD43 regulates T helper type 17 cell intercellular adhesion molecule 1 dependent adhesion, apical migration and transendothelial migration
Authors: Velázquez Francisco E. , Anastasiou Marina , Carrillo‐Salinas Francisco J. , Ngwenyama Njabulo , Salvador Ane M. , Nevers Tania , Alcaide Pilar 
Published: January 2019

SummaryT helper type 17 lymphocytes (Th17 cells) infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), induce inflammation and demyelination and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Sialomucin CD43 is highly expressed in Th17 cells and mediates adhesion to endothelial selectin (E‐selectin), an initiating step in Th17 cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. CD43−/− mice have impaired Th17 cell recruitment to the CNS and are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of multiple sclerosis. However, E‐selectin is dispensable for the development of EAE, in contrast to intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1). We report that CD43−/− mice have decreased demyelination and T‐cell infiltration, but similar up‐regulation of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 in the spinal cord, compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, at the initiation of EAE. CD43−/− Th17 cells have impaired adhesion to ICAM‐1 under flow conditions in vitro, despite having similar expression of LFA‐1, the main T‐cell ligand for ICAM‐1, as WT Th17 cells. Regardless of the route of integrin activation, CD43−/− Th17 cell firm arrest on ICAM‐1 was comparable to that of WT Th17 cells, but CD43−/− Th17 cells failed to optimally apically migrate on immobilized ICAM‐1‐coated coverslips and endothelial cells, and to transmigrate under shear flow conditions in an ICAM‐1‐dependent manner. Collectively, these findings unveil novel roles for CD43, facilitating adhesion of Th17 cells to ICAM‐1 and modulating apical and transendothelial migration, as mechanisms potentially responsible for Th17 cell recruitment to sites of inflammation such as the CNS.
Nursing students’ self‐determination: the influence on stigmatizing attitude within clinical placement settings
Authors: Perlman Dana , Taylor Ellie , Moxham Lorna , Patterson Chris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe training of future health professionals is a complex and dynamic endeavour, whereby students engage in a variety of experiences and learning activities. Skills developed through classes are applied and further developed within authentic settings, such as clinical placements. While there is a wealth of literature that has examined the influence of clinical placements, less inquiry has examined whether the personal traits and/or characteristics of students play a role in their professional learning and development. Specifically, a key trait that has been viewed as influencing the education and growth of people, yet has received little focus in the nursing literature, is self‐determination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether students’ self‐determination influences their level of professional learning, as measured by their stigmatizing attitudes, within a clinical placement. Participants were undergraduate nursing students classified as either high or low in their self‐determination and engaged in a compulsory 80‐hour mental health clinical placement. Data were collected using a battery of surveys to assess their self‐determination towards their work and stigmatizing attitude towards people with mental illness. Using a two‐group pre test and post test design, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference whereby students with high self‐determination towards work possessed less stigmatizing attitudes after completing their clinical placement. Results from this study provide empirical evidence that personality elements such as self‐determination and motivation towards work can play a role in the education of future professionals.
Effectiveness of direct contact intervention with people with mental illness to reduce stigma in nursing students
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Concepción , Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa , Sales‐Orts Rafael , Dinca Andra , Richart‐Martínez Miguel , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeople with mental illnesses are at a higher risk than the general population of suffering from somatic diseases. However, they receive less attention from healthcare services. Some studies have indicated that this situation can be partially explained by the stigmatizing attitudes of health professionals, including nurses. With the objective to improve future nursing professionals’ attitudes towards people with mental illnesses, an intervention involving direct contact with people who had lived experience with mental illnesses was designed and its effectiveness was measured. It consisted of a single 90‐min session involving a mental health professional, a person with a mental illness, and a family member of someone with a mental illness. The intervention was based on a structured script where they described their experiences with the illness and their history of recovery, and then, they had a discussion with the attendees. The effectiveness of this approach was measured through a quasi‐experimental study with a pretest–post‐test design. The differences in the scores obtained in the AQ‐27‐E questionnaire before and after the intervention indicated that there was a decrease in fear, feelings of danger, avoidance, segregation, and coercive attitudes, while positive feelings increased, including a tendency to help and compassion. These results are important for clinical practice because this intervention could improve the quality of care provided to people with mental illnesses.
Genotyping strategies of selection candidates in livestock breeding programmes
Authors: Granleese Tom , Clark Samuel A. , van der Werf Julius H. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBenefits of genomic selection (GS) in livestock breeding operations are well known particularly where traits are sex‐limited, hard to measure, have a low heritability and/or measured later in life. Sheep and beef breeders have a higher cost:benefit ratio for GS compared to dairy. Therefore, strategies for genotyping selection candidates should be explored to maximize the economic benefit of GS. The aim of the paper was to investigate, via simulation, the additional genetic gain achieved by selecting proportions of male selection candidates to be genotyped via truncation selection. A two‐trait selection index was used that contained an easy and early‐in‐life measurement (such as post‐weaning weight) as well as a hard‐to‐measure trait (such as intra‐muscular fat). We also evaluated the optimal proportion of female selection candidates to be genotyped in breeding programmes using natural mating and/or artificial insemination (NatAI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) or juvenile in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (JIVET). The final aim of the project was to investigate the total dollars spent to increase the genetic merit by one genetic standard deviation (SD) using GS and/or reproductive technologies. For NatAI and MOET breeding programmes, females were selected to have progeny by 2 years of age, while 1‐month‐old females were required for JIVET. Genomic testing the top 20% of male selection candidates achieved 80% of the maximum benefit from GS when selection of male candidates prior to genomic testing had an accuracy of 0.36, while 54% needed to be tested to get the same benefit when the prior selection accuracy was 0.11. To achieve 80% of the maximum benefit in female, selection required 66%, 47% and 56% of female selection candidates to be genotyped in NatAI, MOET and JIVET breeding programmes, respectively. While JIVET and MOET breeding programmes achieved the highest annual genetic gain, genotyping male selection candidates provides the most economical way to increase rates of genetic gain facilitated by genomic testing.
Spatial contraction of demersal fish populations in a large marine ecosystem
Authors: Orio Alessandro , Bergström Ulf , Florin Ann‐Britt , Lehmann Andreas , Šics Ivo , Casini Michele 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe interdependencies between trophic interactions, environmental factors and anthropogenic forcing determine how species distributions change over time. Large changes in species distributions have occurred as a result of climate change. The objective of this study was to analyse how the spatial distribution of cod and flounder has changed in the Baltic Sea during the past four decades characterized by large hydrological changes.LocationBaltic SeaTaxonCod (Gadus morhua) and flounder (Platichthys flesus).MethodsCatch per unit of effort (CPUE) data for adult and juvenile cod and for adult flounder were modelled using Delta‐Generalized additive models including environmental and geographical variables between 1979 and 2016. From the annual CPUE predictions for each species, yearly distribution maps and depth distribution curves were obtained. Mean depth and the depth range were estimated to provide an indication on preferred depth and habitat occupancy.ResultsAdult and juvenile cod showed a contraction in their distribution in the southern areas of the Baltic Sea. Flounder, instead, showed an expansion in its distribution with an increase in abundance in the northern areas. The depth distributions showed a progressive shift of the mean depth of occurrence towards shallower waters for adult cod and flounder and towards deeper waters for juvenile cod, as well as a contraction of the species depth ranges, evident mainly from the late 1980s.Main conclusionsOur study illustrates large changes in the spatial distribution of cod and flounder in the Baltic Sea. The changes in depth distribution occurred from the late 1980s are probably due to a combination of expanded areas of hypoxia in deep waters and an increase in predation risk in shallow waters. The net effect of these changes is an increased spatial overlap between life stages and species, which may amplify cod cannibalism and the interaction strength between cod and flounder.
The format of problem representation for in‐game learning supports
Authors: Lee Sungwoong , Ke Fengfeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA promising method to support game‐based learning is to facilitate learners' externalization of cognitive and metacognitive processes. Externalizing Problem Representation (EPR) refers to a cognitive behaviour in which a learner constructs her own representations overtly. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether learning supports promoting EPR enhance qualitative understanding and quantitative proficiency in ratios and proportional relationships in a learning game (i.e., E‐Rebuild) context. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of representation format in problem representation on qualitative understanding and quantitative proficiency in a learning game context.The results of this study indicate that (a) symbolic learning supports better facilitate comprehension of math concepts and their relations than iconic learning supports in video game contexts, (b) symbolic learning supports better facilitate players' reflection for implicit understanding and promote their math problem‐solving skills, (c) participants in the symbolic learning support group increased significantly in qualitative understanding but not in quantitative proficiency after gameplay, and (d) participants in the iconic learning support group experienced significant growth in quantitative proficiency but not in qualitative understanding after gameplay.
The correlates of psychological distress among parents of children with psychiatric disorders
Authors: O'leimat Abdullah Saed , Alhussami Mahmoud , Rayan Ahmad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, parents of children with psychological problems have poor psychological well‐being. However, the factors associated with psychological distress among parents living in the Arab world have yet to be established.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlates of psychological distress among parents who have children with psychological problems in Jordan.MethodsA descriptive correlational design was utilized. A total of 228 parents recruited from seven centers serving children with psychological problems completed the study. The outcome variables were measured using the demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and a psychological distress scale (Kessler 6 instrument).ResultsMore than half of the parents in this study had severe levels of psychological distress. Parental psychological distress was significantly correlated with marital status, employment, and the type of childhood psychiatric disorder. Social support was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological distress among parents (r = −0.58;
p < 0.01).ConclusionTailoring specific interventions to support these parents is necessary considering the specific variables identified in the current study.
The relationships between attachment quality, metacognition, and somatization in adolescents: The mediator role of metacognition
Authors: Yavuz Mesut , Aluç Nurşah , Tasa Hande , Hamamcıoğlu İrem , Bolat Nurullah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProblemTo investigate the associations between attachment quality, metacognition problems, and somatization.MethodsOne thousand and seven adolescents between the ages of 14–17 were included in the study. They completed the DSM‐V Level 2 Somatic Symptoms Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (short version), the Metacognitions Questionnaire for Children (MCQ‐C), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The Spearmen's rank‐order correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the associations between the scales.FindingsCorrelation coefficients and structural equation modeling indicated that attachment quality is significantly associated with somatic symptom severity, and MCQ‐C scores play a partial mediator role in the relationship between attachment quality and somatization.ConclusionImproving metacognitive skills in adolescents with low attachment quality may increase therapeutic success when addressing somatization.
Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of preschool children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Halperin Jeffrey M. , Marks David J. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often emerges during the preschool years and remains impairing throughout the life span. Early identification and intervention may yield lasting benefits that alter the often‐adverse trajectory of the disorder.MethodsThis Practitioner Review provides up‐to‐date information regarding the evaluation and treatment of ADHD in preschool children. The clinical presentation of ADHD in preschool children, its persistence into later childhood, the applicability of DSM‐5 criteria for preschoolers with ADHD, and early predictors of long‐term trajectories are addressed, as well as current findings from randomized controlled trials of both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions.ResultsSymptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity extend down to age 3, but several inattention symptoms, as defined by DSM‐V, less accurately differentiate preschoolers with and without ADHD. Most preschool youth with ADHD symptoms continue to manifest symptoms and impairment into school‐age and adolescence. However, few predictors of persistence beyond early severity have been identified. Behavioral interventions constitute a first‐line treatment for preschool ADHD symptoms, with telepsychiatry increasing in prominence to help to mitigate financial, geographic, and/or logistical barriers to care. Pharmacological interventions, particularly psychostimulants, also confer demonstrable benefits, yet efficacy and safety profiles are less desirable relative to findings in school‐age youth.ConclusionsAcute treatments have demonstrable efficacy, but do not appear to fundamentally alter underlying mechanisms or long‐term trajectories.
Complete genome sequence and pathogenic analysis of a new betanodavirus isolated from shellfish
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Kwon Woo Ju , Min Joon Gyu , Kim Kwang Il , Jeong Hyun Do 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe determined the complete genomic RNA sequence of a new type of betanodavirus Korea shellfish nervous necrosis virus (KSNNV) isolated from shellfish. Compared with other isolates representing four genotypes of betanodaviruses, the identity of the whole nucleotide sequence of the virus was in the range of 76%–83% with the presence of specific genetic motifs and formed a separate new branch in the phylogenetic analysis. In pathogenic analysis by immersion method, KSNNV‐KOR1 shows 100% cumulative mortality like SFRG10/2012BGGa1 (RGNNV) in newly hatched sevenband grouper and mandarin fish, which is clearly different from those found in negative control groups. There were no significant differences in increasing rates of mortality and viral intra‐tissue concentration of larval fishes infected with KSNNV‐KOR1 at both 20 and 25°C water temperature. Histopathological examination of each fish species in the moribund stage revealed the presence of clear vacuoles in both brain and retinal tissues similar to typical histopathology features of RGNNV. In the present study, we first report a new betanodavirus from shellfish as the aetiological agent of viral nervous necrosis disease in fish with complete genomic nucleotide sequence and pathogenic analysis.
Storage and thermal stability of novel heme‐based pigments prepared from porcine hemoglobin
Authors: Chhem‐Kieth Sorivan , Lametsch Rene , Hansen Erik Torngaard , Ruiz‐Carrascal Jorge 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe stability of novel meat pigments derived from heme‐enriched extract obtained from porcine hemoglobin was assessed. Four different ligands (sodium nitrite, 4‐methylimidazole, methyl nicotinate, and pyrazine) were used to produce spray‐dried, microencapsulated heme‐ligand complexes. The storage and thermal stabilities of the produced pigments were assessed, over a 6‐months storage period and across a temperature range of 25–75°C. Color measurements and evaluation were made on the dissolved pigments by ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectroscopy and CIELAB color space. All heme‐ligand complexes exhibited a stable red color across the storage period, except for the heme‐methyl nicotinate adduct, which color faded to brown after 30 days of storage. For thermal stability, only the heme‐4‐methylimidazole complex did not retain its red color beyond 55°C. The redness of the heme‐pyrazine complex showed improvement upon heating, which is proposed to be due to the degradation of polymeric heme‐pyrazine structure formed during the ligation process.Practical applicationsDue to the global effort to reduce nitrite addition in food product, there is an important interest to replace it in processed meat products, wholly or in part. Additionally, the perspective of optimizing the usage of an under‐utilized blood fraction is attractive for the meat industry. The development of a heme pigment derived from porcine blood thus presents a good commercial potential. Two important aspects of such product would be its stability upon storage, or during heat treatment to levels similar to what is used in processed, cooked meat products. This study presents the behavior for those two aspects of different heme‐ligand complexes, and compares the results obtained with a heme pigment produced from the traditionally used nitrite.
Unerupted permanent incisors and associated dental anomalies
Authors: Tan Chiewee , Ekambaram Manikandan , Lee Gillian H. M. , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association between unerupted permanent incisors and dental anomalies among children and adolescents.MethodsThe clinical records of patients between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrieved to identify those with unerupted permanent incisors. A retrospective audit on the presence or absence of any dental anomalies was done from all available records of the included patients.ResultsA total of 266 patients with 320 unerupted permanent incisors were identified from the 15 987 patients in the study. Among the unerupted permanent incisors, 222 (69.4%) were associated with dental anomalies, which was significantly higher than those showing an absence of dental anomalies (N = 98, 30.6%, P < 0.001). For the unerupted maxillary central incisors, a significantly higher proportion was associated with supernumerary teeth (P < 0.001). For the unerupted maxillary lateral incisors, a significantly higher proportion was associated with the ectopic eruption of permanent canines when compared with other dental anomalies (P < 0.001). The presence of the ectopic eruption of permanent canine, double teeth, and hyperdontia was significantly higher among male patients with unerupted permanent incisors.ConclusionsUnerupted permanent incisors were associated with supernumerary teeth and ectopic eruption of permanent canines. Specifically, a higher proportion of unerupted maxillary central incisors was associated with the presence of supernumerary teeth, whereas a higher percentage of unerupted maxillary lateral incisors was associated with the ectopic eruption of permanent canines.
Preventive effects of carbon dioxide laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization: A comparative, in vitro study
Authors: Abufarwa Moufida , Noureldin Amal , Azimaie Taha , Campbell Phillip M. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP)fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization.MethodsHuman teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. The enamel was treated with fluoride varnish, 10.6 μm CO2 laser, or no treatment (control), followed by 9 days of pH cycling. Baseline and final FluoreCam images were used to quantify the area, intensity, and impact of demineralization; cross‐sectional microhardness was used to measure the mechanical properties of the enamel.ResultsThere were statistically‐significant changes in the area, intensity and impact of demineralization in the control and laser groups (P < 0.05), but not in the fluoride group. The control group showed a significantly greater area and impact of enamel demineralization compared to the fluoride group. The area of demineralization in the laser group was significantly greater than that of the fluoride group. Enamel demineralization of the laser and control groups was comparable. The fluoride group showed statistically‐significant harder enamel than the control at 20, 40, and 60 μm depths; the laser group enamel was significantly harder than the control at 20 and 40 μm depths. The fluoride group showed statistically‐significant harder enamel than the laser group at 20 μm depth.ConclusionsCPP‐ACP fluoride varnish is more effective than CO2 in preventing enamel demineralization.