bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disponibilidad y expectativa
Authors: Vignale Silvana 
Published: December 2018

Este escrito propone indagar sobre la posibilidad de una ampliación metodológica en el ámbito de las investigaciones filosóficas, mediante las nociones de “disponibilidad” y “expectativa”. El método científico, sentado sobre las bases de la división entre sujeto y objeto, elude las condiciones históricas y sociales en las que se produce el conocimiento. Por su parte, las exigencias científicas encorsetan a la investigación en filosofía en un modelo cuyas exigencias y métodos se construyen en el ámbito de las denominadas ciencias duras. A contrapelo de ello, consideramos que una investigación filosófica debe volvernos disponibles respecto de nuestra realidad y de nuestro presente, en cuanto nuestra labor no responde a una mera curiosidad teórica, sino que nos implica en lo que somos y en lo que nos constituye, en la propia vida.
Una invitación para una mirada hermenéutica. El estilo musical como dador de significado en el caso de la obra de Sebastián Monk
Authors: Monk Augusto , Noli Zulema 
Published: December 2018

ResumenLa prolífica producción musical de Sebastián Monk se presta para encararuna mirada hermenéutica abordando un estudio estilístico musical que involucramúsica y texto y a la vez atreverse a un análisis que devele concepciones,valores y emociones entretejidos entre la música y la palabra. Por esto es que se han seguido dos caminos. Por un lado, un recorrido comprometido con el estilo musical como dador de significado y por el otro un abordaje que apunta a indagar acerca del lugar del enunciante y al uso de metáforas, ambos ejemplificados en algunos pasajes de sus poemas.
Do ESP students need grammar ?
Authors: Popescu Alexandra-Valeria , Cohen-Vida Marion-Ivonne , Constantin Elena Claudia 
Published: December 2018

ESP courses in technical universities have become a priority within an engineering context. English helps ESP students to be active and efficient participants at international conferences and symposia This paper investigates whether grammar is really important while teaching for specific purposes, and do ESP students need grammar? There are at least two aspects to take into account: first, students perception of grammar, i.e., most of them associate grammar with sets of rules, exceptions to the rules, long and boring exercises practicing English tenses, etc. The second aspect refers to communication that is seen as the application of grammatical rules in oral and written practices. Our conviction is that efficient communication cannot take place without the correct usage of grammar. Teachers should support ESP students to use effective learning strategies that transform them into autonomous learners who are able to take control and master the language.

Keywords: ESP students, need of teaching grammar, grammar and communication, combined methods.
The role of the secondary stress in teaching the English rhythm
Authors: Yurtbasi Metin 
Published: December 2018

In the phonological literature in English, which is a stress-timed language, the existence of at least three levels of stress is usually taken for granted. Words, phrases, utterances or sentences have a prominent element in one of their syllables, which usually correlates with a partner in the same unit, called the secondary stress. It so happens that in multi-syllable words or groups bearing more than two content words, there is also a tertiary stress. Function words neighbouring the content words are usually not stressed or they are reduced. In standard writing, the primary stress is indicated by an acute accent, the secondary stress by a grave accent while the lack of stress is not marked at all. This article proposes that the distinction between primary and secondary stress should have more prevalence in the pronunciation teaching curricula, as they expose the rhythm of English and convey the intended meaning clearly.

Keywords: Stress-timed language, primary stress, secondary stress, tertiary stress, rhythm.
Revival of Persian language in today writings based on morphological system of fifth century texts
Authors: Moghaddam Sara Mohammadi , Lak Mahmoud Ramazanzadeh 
Published: December 2018

This paper will investigate â€˜Making the word of Persian literature in the fifth century Hijri and comparison with Today literatureâ€™ and is based on the model of the theory of Chomskyâ€™s transformation. The research tools in this article are from the books of Bayhaqi, Siyasatnama and Chahar - Maghaleh from fifth century literature. The two books â€˜Khorshide Maghrebâ€™ and â€˜sad sal dastan nevisi dar Iranâ€™, which today are paragraphed prose is given. The results of the hypothesis in this paper show the following: 1) a simple word frequency in fifth century texts with contemporary Persian prose texts and derivativeâ€“compound comprising more than words; 2) with the help of a revival of affixes and word combinations, texts used in the fifth century that are in decline and forgotten can be used today, in the words of Persian literature; 3) Persian is a suffix language.

Keywords: Morphology, prefix, affixes-simple, today Persian writings, fifth century texts.
The effects of planning time and proficiency level on accuracy of oral task performance
Authors: Khorami Alireza , Khorasani Reza 
Published: December 2018

This study examined the effect of pre-task planning (PTP) and proficiency level on the language proficiency of 60 English foreign language learners. The Oxford placement test was administered. Based on the scores, the participants were divided into groups of low and high proficiency. The high and low language level students were randomly assigned to either 0 minutes or 10 minutes PTP time. Then the participants in all the four groups were shown a set of pictures and were required to produce a story about it. They spoke based on the same topic, but in different conditions. The productions were transcribed for further analyses. The results of the analysis revealed that high proficiency learners (PTP) outperformed the NP group of the same level; however, there was no meaningful difference between the low groups. The results of two-way Anova also revealed an interaction between the planning and proficiency levels.

Keywords: Pre-task planning time, oral performance, accuracy, proficiency.
Message from Editor
Authors: Garcia Jesus Laborda 
Published: December 2018

Message from Editor

Dear Readers,

It is a great honor for us to publish seventh volume, first issue of Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT).

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT) welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related to linguistics. The journal is an international journal published quarterly and it is a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments in foreign language teaching in an international arena.

The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major topics; cultural studies, curriculum development and syllabus design, discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), general linguistics, globalization studies and world Englishâ€™s, independent/autonomous Learning, Information and computer technology in TEFL, innovation in language, teaching and learning, intercultural education, second language, second language acquisition, second language acquisition theory, digital literacy skills, second language learners, second language learning, second language pedagogy, second language proficiency, second language speech, second language teaching, second language training, second language tutor, second language vocabulary learning, teaching English as a foreign/ second language, teaching language skills, translation studies, applied linguistics, cognitive linguistics.

In this issue, various different topics were discussed. For example, Hadi Farjami and Ehsan Kazemi examined the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacherâ€™s sense of self-efficacy. Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene and Andrius Puksas investigated TED-MDB multilingual discourse-annotated corpus for language learning and teaching. In addition, Renata Fabiana Cardinali and Maria Celina Barbeito provided a systemic functional linguistics perspective for developing intonation skills in English. Olusiji Lasekan mentioned gender difference in English proficiency. Abbas Behroozi provided a discussion for the implications for medical practitioners as a community of practice. Lastly, Maâ€™ssoumeh Bemani Naeini examined transferability or task variation in terms of articles in English L1â€“Persian L2 interlanguage.

The topics of the next issue will be different. We are trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge through which different kinds of topics will be discussed in 2018 issues.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jesus Laborda Garcia

Editor â€“ in Chief
Ethnography of communication in ESP: Implications for medical practitioners as a community of practice
Authors: Behroozi Abbas 
Published: December 2018

Language is considered to be one of the significant set of practices in social world. Furthermore, ethnography of communication posits that language cannot be separated from its use in society. Hence, language can be taken as a means of interaction among members of a community of practice and reflection of their norms. Thus, the Learners of English for specific purposes (ESP), as newcomers of a community of practice, need to be familiar with the linguistic codes of their field; and they constitute a community of practice where they exercise the English language they learn in work-related situations. Collecting data from different resources may help teachers and learners of ESP courses realise what features of language their course should address. The present study aims to highlight the contributions that ethnography of communication may make to identify the needs of the learners of English for medical purposes as a community of practice.

Keywords: ESP, ethnography of communication, community of practice, medical practitioners.
The relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-regulation with success of Iranian EFL university lecturers
Authors: Elhambakhsh Seyedeh Elham , Amirjalili Forough , Jahandoust Samaneh 
Published: December 2018

Successful lectures adapt themselves to the circumstances and comply with changes in addition to having good psychological adjustment, interpersonal relationships, and performance on achievement-related tasks. Researchers acknowledge that self-regulation (SR) and spiritual intelligence (SI) are both crucial for success in many life domains. As lecturers can influence the complex process of learning in education, understanding the factors influencing their pedagogical success can help them achieve more effective teaching. This study investigated the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and self-regulation (SR) with pedagogical success of 20 Iranian EFL university lecturers, instructing at the universities in Yazd, Iran, whose success was assessed by 83 of their EFL learners studying for a bachelorâ€™s degree. For this purpose, a sequential mixed-method was designed. Quantitative data were gathered through Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire (SIQ), self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ), and Characteristics of Successful Teachersâ€™ Questionnaire (CSTQ). To enrich the data, qualitative data were also gathered through classroom observations. The findings from Pearson product correlation coefficients revealed that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between the lecturersâ€™ SI and SR with their success. Also, observation checklists revealed a high contribution of some components of SI (e. g. transcendent self-realization, spiritual experiences, and patience) to the teachersâ€™ pedagogical success. The more spiritually intelligent lecturers being more responsible, courageous, creative, confident, and conscious, had a better interpersonal relationship and were less anxious about pursuing their educational goals. Besides, the successful lecturers proved to have a better ability to develop, implement, and flexibly maintain planned behavior in order to achieve their goals. Such findings imply that high levels of SI and SR can help L2 lecturers promote their success and, in turn, improve their learnersâ€™ L2 achievement in the classroom.
A Comparative Genre Analysis of Academic Textbook Introductions in Applied Linguistics and Medicine
Authors: Elhambakhsh Seyedeh Elham , Jalilifar A. , White Peter R. 
Published: December 2018

Motivated by the need to explore the adjacency of introductory sections of textbooks, the present study attempted to scrutinize prefaces, introductions, and forewords, as three realizations of academic textbook introductions, in terms of their functions and potential generic structures. The study aimed to investigate the possible variations across medicine and applied linguistics, representing hard applied and soft applied sciences respectively. In order to proceed systematically in developing a potential generic model, a heuristic analysis was employed to achieve a less biased view of the nature of these variations of introductions. To this aim, 600 text samples were selected from the two disciplines. The findings showed that, overall, although the informative moves were more frequent than the promotional moves in the schematic frameworks for the different manifestations of introductions in medicine compared with applied linguistics, the genres in the two disciplines were more similar than different. The study revealed the ways in which the writers appropriated the generic resources and successfully mixed promotional, informative, and evaluative purposes of these adjacent genres.
Keywords: Applied Linguistics, Genre analysis, Medicine, Textbook introductions;
Current perspectives of teaching English through affective learning strategies
Authors: Valencia Robles Jeannette 
Published: December 2018

This paper explores the current perspectives of teaching English taking into consideration the benefits of applying affective learning strategies. Affective strategies are a set of techniques that seek to facilitate learning by lessen the affective filter and increasing motivation to face language anxiety. The paper revises the latest discussions about the elements of the affective domain and how addressing them could increase learnersâ€™ opportunities to participate more meaningfully in the learning process of acquiring and developing the skills in a foreign language.

Keywords: affective strategies, social estrategies, affective domain, learning objectives
The Effect of Engagement in Social Networking Application on Iranian EFL Learnersâ€™ Willingness to Communicate in English
Authors: Alipour Shahram 
Published: December 2018

Motivating EFL learners to communicate in English has been a long-lasting challenge for English language instructors. Regardless of the different proficiency level in English, every learner is expected to be able to create even simple structures in the target language; however, the EFL learners are reluctant to communicate in English. In fact, communicative competence and authentic use of English language are directly related to learnersâ€™ willingness to communicate. Nowadays, the social networking applications (for Smartphones or Personal Computers) have introduced potential and authentic exposure opportunity for every human in the world. Combining the social networking engagement with language learning context may provide this opportunity for learners to communicate more than before. Therefore, in order to study the impact of engagement in social networking applications on Iranian EFL Learnersâ€™ willingness to communicate in English, the present research has been initiated. The sample of the study included EFL learners (N = 21) participating in TOEFL preparation course. The experimental group of the study has joined the social networking group in Telegram to communicate in English out of the class. The pre-treatment and post-treatment survey design has been applied to compare the study groups WTC level before and after the treatment. The findings of the study indicated the positive effect of engagement in social networking on WTC. It was concluded that there are some guidelines in order to apply social networking in English language instruction. The findings are significant and applicable for English language instructors to apply such methods.
Correction techniques for language disorders
Authors: Deacu Antheia , Kilyeni Stefan , Barbulescu Constantin 
Published: December 2018

Logopedics is special pedagogical subject that deals with the prevention and correction of speech defects. Logopedics as a science was formed out of practical and theoretical reasons, extending its area from the language and communication research in relation to the evolution of personality to that of the formulation of laws and methods of language correction, the presentation of verbal difficulties, and verbal behavior stimulation. Speech disorders are determined by a range of causes that act isolated or associated, this is why the causes must be thoroughly known, as to establish the diagnosis and find the best therapeutic intervention methods. There is an increasing number of children with speech disorders in kindergarten environment. An experiment was conducted to observe the difficulties teachers face. A group of 20 children (8 girls and 12 boys) was used for a period of 4 months on whom questionnaires to correct language disorders were applied.
Keywords: Logopedics, speech-language pathology, speech disorder, autism, stutter.
Language learning through drama
Authors: Değirmenci Uysal Nuriye , Yavuz Fatih 
Published: December 2018

This study presents a review of the literature regarding the impact of drama on dimensions of second/ foreign language learning. The paper first discusses the importance of integrating drama into the second/ foreign language learning process and the role of teachers and students in the learning process. Then, after introducing the pedagogical and linguistic aspects of using drama techniques in the language classroom in a broader perspective, it focuses on the drama-oriented verbal and nonverbal exercises. Next, the paper reviews the studies on the language learning through drama, and concludes that using drama in language teaching would facilitate emotional and social development in addition to language development of students while it points out that the number of studies on the issue is limited.
Keywords: Grammar instruction, teachers' attitude towards grammar, foreign language teaching
The use of speaking techniques by Native and Non-Native English instructors: A case in Turkey
Authors: Mede Enisa , Cosgun Gulcin , Atay Derin 
Published: December 2018

Although the primary goal of English language instruction is to assist students in acquiring communicative competence in l, developing this ability might be very challenging for teachers since not all language learners of English are willing to communicate in the target language. In order to develop their learners' communication skills and increase their students' willingness to speak, teachers utilize different techniques. The aim of this qualitative study is to find out and compare the speaking techniques that are used by native (NESTs) and non-native (NNESTs) instructors of English Preparatory Programs at universities around Turkey. Data gathered from the open-ended questionnaire revealed both similarities and differences among NESTs and NNESTs about implementing various techniques in EFL speaking classes. The findings of the study suggested some pedagogical implications both for instructors and students in relation to the improvement of the students' oral performance in language preparatory programs.

Keywords: Speaking techniques, native instructors, non-native instructors, NESTs, NNESTs.

Although the primary goal of English language instruction is to assist students in acquiring communicative competence in l, developing this ability might be very challenging for teachers since not all language learners of English are willing to communicate in the target language. In order to develop their learnersâ€™ communication skills and increase their studentsâ€™ willingness to speak, teachers utilize different techniques. The aim of this qualitative study is to find out and compare the speaking techniques that are used by native (NESTs) and non-native (NNESTs) instructors of English Preparatory Programs at universities around Turkey. Data gathered from the open-ended questionnaire revealed both similarities and differences among NESTs and NNESTs about implementing various techniques in EFL speaking classes. The findings of the study suggested some pedagogical implications both for instructors and students in relation to the improvement of the studentsâ€™ oral performance in language preparatory programs.
Keywords: Speaking techniques, native instructors, non-native instructors, NESTs, NNESTs.
Histological Subtypes and Clinical Behavior Evaluation of Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Pinheiro Jorge , Sá Fernandes Margarida , Pereira Ana Rodrigues , Lopes José Manuel 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors include a wide spectrum of histological subtypes and clinical behavior, which we aim to evaluate.Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all salivary gland tumors diagnosed and treated at the Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, between 2005 and 2015. Histological re- evaluation was performed in all cases and patient files were reviewed and both clinical and follow-up data were collected. Disease-free survival and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. The significance threshold was set at 0.05.Results: We selected 295 cases, 150 males with a mean age at diagnosis of 50.4 (± 16.4) years. Primary benign epithelial tumors [n = 228 (77.3%)] were mostly pleomorphic adenomas [n = 148 (64.9%)] and Warthin tumors [n = 61 (26.8%)]. Primary malignant epithelial tumors [n = 43 (14.8%)] included mucoepidermoid [n = 16 (37.2%)], adenoid cystic [n = 6 (14.0%)] and acinic cell [n = 5 (11.6%)] carcinomas; 32 (74.4%) in parotid, 2 (4.6%) in submandibular and 9 (21%) in minor salivary glands. Primary epithelial tumors were more frequently malignant in minor (33.3%) than in major (13.9%) salivary glands. Local recurrence occurred in 30.2% and distant metastases in 25.6% tumors. The mean disease-free interval was 26 (± 37.5) months; most metastases were in lung and central nervous system. The 5 and 10 year disease-free survival rates were 63.4% and 50.1%, respectively; the 5 and 10 year disease-specific survival rates were 76.9% and 57.9%, respectively. Primary salivary tumors included also lymphomas [n = 8 (2.7%)] and soft tissue tumors [n = 5 (1.7%)]. Secondary tumors included metastases of carcinomas [n = 7 (2.4%)] and involvement by lymphoma [n = 1 (0.3%)].Discussion: Our results concerning age, gender, histological subtype, frequency and clinical behavior of salivary tumors concur with European studies. Divergence with Portuguese studies might be related with the inclusion criteria, clinical referral and time lag variations.Conclusion: Although uncommon, salivary gland tumors occur in a wide age range and include histological subtypes with diverse prognosis.