bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of high‐intensity interval training combined with resistance training versus continuous moderate‐intensity training combined with resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A one‐year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Magalhães João P. , Júdice Pedro B. , Ribeiro Rogério , Andrade Rita , Raposo João , Dores Hélder , Bicho Manuel , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: October 2018

AimsTo evaluate the impact of one‐year high intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MCT) combined with RT on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA randomized controlled trial included 96 participants with type 2 diabetes for a one‐year supervised exercise intervention with three groups: Control, HIIT with RT and MCT with RT). The control group received standard counseling regarding general PA guidelines, with no structured exercise sessions. The main outcome variable was HbA1c (%). Secondary outcomes were other glycaemic variables, body composition, anthropometry measurements, CRF and enjoyment of exercise. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model outcomes.ResultsAmong the 96 participants enrolled in the intervention, 80 were randomized, with a mean (SD) age of 58.5 years (7.7) and a mean HbA1c of 7.2% (1.6). After adjusting the model for sex and total moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we found that both the MCT with RT (β, 0.003; P, 0.921) and the HIIT with RT (β, 0.025; P, 0.385) groups had no effect on HbA1c. A favourable effect was observed in the MCT with RT group, with a reduction in whole body fat index (β, −0.062; P, 0.022), android fat index (β, −0.010; P, 0.010) and gynoid fat index (β, −0.013; P, 0.014). Additionally, CRF increased during the intervention, but only in the MCT with RT group (β, 0.185; P, 0.019).ConclusionsThe results from this study suggest that there was no effect of either MCT with RT or HIIT with RT on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the combination of MCT and RT improved body composition and CRF following a one‐year intervention.
Does protectionism harm unskilled workers?
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Marjit Sugata , Oladi Reza 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper we construct a general equilibrium model of trade and illustrate that return to unskilled labor may be negatively correlated with the price of product it produces. Specifically, we show that greater protection for the intermediate good that uses “unskilled” labor can reduce the unskilled wages. This result has interesting political‐economic implications.
Septic pyomyositis, multiple pelvic osteomyelitis and thrombosis in a Thoroughbred foal
Authors: Pressanto M. C. , Beccati F. , Stefanetti V. , Passamonti F. , Pilati N. , Pepe M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMultiple septic osteomyelitis, septic thrombi and septic arthritis are recognised as possible complications of sepsis; however, there are few reports of localised pyomyositis in association with septic arterial thrombosis in foals. A 1‐month Thoroughbred colt was presented for investigation of acute and progressive left hindlimb lameness. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed. Ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic examinations revealed the presence of multiple abscesses and areas of osteomyelitis localised to the gluteal muscles, coxal bone and lumbar spine respectively. Considering the poor prognosis, the foal was subjected to euthanasia. Necropsy confirmed the diagnostic imaging findings and revealed the presence of an extensive septic thrombus, affecting the internal iliac artery, and a single pulmonary abscess. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from all lesions.
Glass‐forming region and enhanced Bi NIR emission in sodium tantalum silicate laser glass
Authors: Peng Jie , Cao Jiangkun , Tan Linling , Peng Mingying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐doped glasses and fibers are of current interest as promising active media for new fiber lasers and amplifiers due to their 800‐1700 nm near‐infrared (NIR) emission. However, the optically active Bi centers in silica are easily volatilized during high‐temperature fiber drawing, which results in low Bi doping concentration and low gain NIR luminescence. Here, we explored the glass‐forming region in a model glass system of sodium tantalum silicate (Na2O‐Ta2O5‐SiO2) glass and attained suitable glass host for enhancing Bi NIR emission, right followed by detailed analysis on optical and structural characterization. Glass‐forming region roughly lies in where Ta2O5 ≤ 30 mol%, SiO2 ≥ 40 mol%, and Na2O ≤ 40 mol%. Not only is glass‐forming ability improved but also Bi NIR emission is enhanced (~60 times) by the introduction of Ta into glass network. Dissociated Na cations are restricted beside Ta, the high‐field‐strength element, so that the negative impacts of Na cations on glass formation and Bi NIR emission are weakened, which is responsible for the highly enhanced Bi NIR emission. This work helps us understand the glass‐forming of tantalum silicate glass systems and luminescent behaviors of Bi. Hopefully, it could contribute to designing the Bi‐doped laser glasses and high gain fibers with stable luminescent properties in future.
Microwave heating controlled reactive melt infiltration for graphite‐Si‐SiC ceramics manufacturing
Authors: Cornolti Luca , Martinelli Simone , Bianchi Giovanni , Ortona Alberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, we investigated a procedure which exploits microwave ovens to produce SiC‐ based components by reactive melt infiltration of silicon into graphite preforms. The employed oven is designed to grant optical access to the sample surface, which allows to measure its temperature evolution though a noncontact pyrometer. This signal was used as a feedback to control the power provided to the preform and as an experimental output whose analysis provides insight into the reaction mechanism. Specifically, it is found that complete infiltration is achieved much before the end of the reaction. The latter is not fully self‐sustained as the global reaction rate continuously decreases with time until it is no more able to keep the temperature above the silicon solidification value. At that point, the reaction stops. The analysis of the processed samples proved that this procedure allows producing fully infiltrated samples without material failure by adjusting the heat provided during the infiltration stage rather than by tuning the preform structure and composition, which is the usual approach. The proposed method is less time and energy consuming than the standard one.
Experimental study on the static mechanical properties of a milled mixture of sugar cane
Authors: Duan Qing Shan , Mao Han Ling , Li Xin Xin , Mao Han Ying , Huang Zhen Feng , Li Bing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mechanical properties of a milled mixture of sugar cane are the basis for the establishment of a milled mixture mechanical model and the constitutive relation under different loading conditions. In this article, the static mechanical properties of the milled mixture were revealed using uniaxial confined compression, uniaxial loading‐unloading, and consolidated‐drained triaxial and direct shear tests. Axial stress is a cubic polynomial relating to the compression ratio. The Young's modulus is proportional to the loading pressure. The void ratio is exponentially related to the stress, and the compression and swelling indices are 4.273 and 0.184, respectively, in the loading‐unloading process from 0.208 to 1.389 MPa. Shear failure does not occur when the axial strain is less than or equal to 25%. Shear failure obeys the Mohr–Coulomb law, and the cohesive force and internal friction angle are 10.16 kPa and 31.5°, respectively. Other key parameters were obtained. All of these provided the basis for constructing the constitutive model of a milled mixture of sugar cane.Practical applicationsIn this article, the prepared cane and bagasse are collectively called the milled mixture of sugar cane, which includes solid fiber, juice, and air. In the milling process, the three components in the milled mixture of sugar cane interact; the coupling of solid fiber and juice is particularly important. The mechanical properties of the milled mixture of sugar cane are the basis for the establishment of a milled mixture mechanical model and the constitutive relation under different loading conditions. In this article, the static mechanical properties of the milled mixture were revealed using uniaxial confined compression, uniaxial loading–unloading, and consolidated‐drained triaxial and direct shear tests. The key parameters were obtained. These rules and data improved the understanding of the stress–strain relationship of the milled mixture of sugar cane during the milling process and provided the basis for constructing the constitutive model of the milled mixture.
Qualitative investigation of meat species in meat products by real time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ghajarbeygi P. , Mahmoudi R. , Jafari Jozani R. , Pakbin B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentification of meat species in processed meat products is a major problem in meat technology to produce safe and standard meat products. The aim of this study was identification of meat species in meat processed products including sausages and burgers. The study was carried out by targeting a conserved region of mitochondrial DNA and by using Real‐Time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. Sampling procedure consisted of different types of commercial meat products including susages, burgers, and salamis which were collected from different stores in Qazvin province‐Iran. After DNA extraction, RT‐PCR assay was performed to detect specific DNA sequences of animal species in meat product samples. Specific DNA sequences for chicken, horse, camel, beef, and turkey meat were detected successfully in collected samples. Consequently, we found in this study that RT‐PCR method is a very powerful and easy method for monitoring commercial meat products based on conserved region of mitochondrial DNA.Practical applicationsRecently, adulteration in formulation of meat products such as burger and sausages is the principle problem in this industry. Meat species used in this category of products are varied according to type of adulteration and final product. Separately, safety of meat products is dependent on the formulation and the raw materials including meat species used for manufacturing of formulated meat products. In this study, identification of meat species in burger and sausage samples collected from different local stores in Qazvin Province, Iran was performed by Real‐Time PCR. This molecular method is a very practical, rapid, precise, sensitive, and useful method for identification of meat species in these products. Chicken, horse, camel, beef, and turkey meat were detected successfully in the collected samples. Also, the quality and adulteration of the collected meat product samples have been determined for the future development of health and quality strategies and investigations.
Self‐Reported Physical Function As a Predictor of Hospitalization in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Lovato Laura , Miller Michael E. , Marsh Anthony P. , Fielding Roger A. , Gill Thomas M. , Groessl Erik J. , Guralnik Jack , King Abby C. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , McDermott Mary M. , Manini Todd , Newman Anne B. , Rejeski W. Jack 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo explore whether baseline scores on the Mobility Assessment Tool—short form (MAT‐sf), a brief, animated, computer‐based means of assessing mobility that predicts mobility disability, are associated with number of hospitalizations and time to first hospitalization over a median follow‐up of 2.7 years.DesignPost hoc analysis of prospectively gathered data from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study, a randomized clinical trial of lifestyle interventions to preserve mobility in older adults.SettingEight U.S. academic medical centers.ParticipantsOf 1,635 sedentary community‐dwelling older adults enrolled in LIFE, 1,574 completed baseline physical function screening including the MAT‐sf, with baseline scores ranging from 30.2 (low function) to 69.8 (high function) on a scale from 30 to 80.MeasurementsNumber of hospitalizations and time to first hospitalization, adjusted for age, sex, race, living alone, clinical site, baseline comorbidities, number of prescription medications, and cognition.ResultsOf the 1,557 participants with data regarding hospitalization status, 726 (47%) had at least 1 hospitalization; 78% of these had 1 or 2 hospitalizations. For every 10‐point lower MAT‐sf score, the rate of all hospitalizations was 19% higher in those with lower scores (adjusted rate ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08–1.32, p<.001). Lower baseline MAT‐sf scores were also associated with greater risk of first hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio=1.20, 95% CI=1.09–1.32, p<.01, per 10‐point lower MAT‐sf score).ConclusionLow MAT‐sf scores identify older adults at risk of hospitalization; further study is needed to test interventions to reduce hospitalizations in these individuals.
Applying the Technology Choice Model in Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in the Peruvian Agricultural Sector
Authors: Larrea‐Gallegos Gustavo , Vázquez‐Rowe Ian , Wiener Hugo , Kahhat Ramzy 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDemand for grapes to produce pisco in southern‐coastal Peru is expected to double by 2030. However, the appellation of this beverage confines the production and limits the space for agricultural expansion, leading to a situation in which potential competition for resources with established constraints is foreseen. Hence, the objective of this study is to understand the environmental impacts, focused on climate change and water consumption, linked to the agricultural dynamism in the valleys of Ica and Pisco due to an increase in the demand of pisco. For this, the viticulture system was analyzed regarding predicted changes in terms of expansion, displacement or intensification using a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) approach, identifying the environmental consequences of these shifts. A two‐step CLCA model was used based on the results of a previous attributional study, in which marginal effects were estimated following the stochastic technology‐of‐choice model (STCM) operational framework. Results identified a potential for the increase of pisco production based on crop substitution in the valleys of Ica and Pisco and suggest that greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption will be reduced locally, but the displaced agricultural production would reverse this tendency. Regardless of the policy implications of the results in the analyzed system, the proposed methodology constitutes a robust methodology that can be applied to other highly constrained agricultural systems, namely, those regulated by geographic indications.
Brief Computer‐Based Information Processing Measures are Linked to White Matter Integrity in Pediatric‐Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bartlett Elizabeth , Shaw Michael , Schwarz Colleen , Feinberg Charles , DeLorenzo Christine , Krupp Lauren B. , Charvet Leigh E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a demyelinating disorder with unique clinical challenges. A brief computer‐administered cognitive screening battery measuring processing speed (Cogstate) and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS) detect cognitive impairment in POMS. The neuroanatomic correlates of these deficits are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to define the neuroanatomic underpinnings of deficits identified with cognitive screening batteries in POMS.METHODSParticipants with POMS and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were screened with Cogstate and BICAMS. Diffusion tensor imaging assessed region‐wise and tractography‐based fractional anisotropy (FA).RESULTSThe POMS (n = 15) and HC (n = 21) groups were matched on age (mean ages 17.9 ± 3.2 vs. 17.8 ± 3.3 years, respectively) and on an estimate of general intellectual functioning. The Cogstate composite revealed significant slowing in POMS relative to HCs (P = .004), but the BICAMS composite did not significantly distinguish the groups (P = .10). The Cogstate composite showed moderate‐to‐strong correlations with regional FA (r = –.67 to –.82) and significantly associated with uncinate fasciculus FA following multiple comparisons correction (P = .002) in POMS. However, the BICAMS composite measure showed only weak‐to‐moderate correlations with FA in POMS (r = –.19 to –.57), with none surviving multiple comparisons correction.CONCLUSIONSComputer‐administered measures of cognitive processing are particularly sensitive in POMS and are closely linked to white matter FA.
The efficacy of nasal airway stent (Nastent) on obstructive sleep apnoea and prediction of treatment outcomes
Authors: Okuno Kentaro , Ono Minagi Hitomi , Ikai Kazuki , Matsumura Ai Erika , Takai Etsuko , Fukatsu Hikari , Uchida Yurika , Sakai Takayoshi 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep and is highly prevalent in the general population. The nasopharyngeal airway stent (Nastent) is a specifically designed, preformed silicone tube that intends to maintain the upper airway patency during sleep and reduce snoring and sleep apnoea.Objective(s)The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Nastent treatment and examine predictors for Nastent treatment outcomes in patients with OSA.MethodsConsecutive thirty patients were enrolled in this study. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained to analyse the pharyngeal and craniofacial morphology. Before and after Nastent treatment, we evaluated OSA using a portable sleep study.ResultsTwenty‐nine subjects completed this study. There were significant decreases in the respiratory event index (REI) (22.4 ± 14.1 to 15.7 ± 10.4, P < 0.01) and a significant increase in the lowest SpO2 (81.9 ± 7.5 to 86.6 ± 4.8, P < 0.01) by Nastent treatment. Subjects were divided into responders and non‐responders based on reduction in REI of >50% compared with baseline REI. We evaluated the ratio of inferior airway width and middle airway width (IAW/MAW) on cephalograms as the index of the narrowest airway site. The IAW/MAW was significantly higher in responders than in non‐responders (1.4 ± 0.9 vs 0.9 ± 0.4, P < 0.01) and predicted treatment responders with high accuracy (sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 88.9%, when IAW/MAW was set at 1.10).ConclusionsThe Nastent device improved OSA, and a narrower velopharynx than hypopharynx predicted treatment response with a good sensitivity and specificity.
Transcranial direct‐current stimulation reduces nociceptive behaviour in an orofacial pain model
Authors: Scarabelot Vanessa L. , de Oliveira Carla , Medeiros Liciane F. , de Macedo Isabel C. , Cioato Stefania G. , Adachi Lauren Naomi S. , Paz Ana Helena , de Souza Andressa , Caumo Wolnei , Torres Iraci L. S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundTranscranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain and is related to the reversal of maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effect of tDCS, a non‐pharmacological therapy, on local mechanical hyperalgesia, and remote thermal hyperalgesia in rats submitted to orofacial inflammatory pain model, by facial von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. In addition, we evaluated levels of BDNF, NGF, IL‐10 and IL‐6 in the brainstem and blood serum of these animals at 24 hours and 7 days after the end of tDCS treatment.MethodsRats were subjected to temporomandibular joint pain and treated with tDCS. The animals were divided into control, pain and pain + treatment groups. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline, 7 days after administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immediately, 24 hours, and 7 days after the tDCS treatment. Neuroimmunomodulators levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by (GEE)/Bonferroni (behavioural tests), three‐way ANOVA/SNK (neurochemical tests) and Kruskal‐Wallis (histological analysis).ResultsTranscranial direct‐current stimulation reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01). We observed interaction between factors (pain and treatment) increasing brainstem BDNF (P < 0.01) and NGF (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, we found an increase in IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels in the brainstem at 24 hours and 7 days after tDCS, respectively.ConclusionWe showed that tDCS reduces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by orofacial pain until 7 days after treatment. These findings demonstrate that tDCS was effective in the control of orofacial inflammatory pain.
A generalized multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective review
Authors: Templeton T. Wesley , Goenaga‐Díaz Eduardo J. , Runyan Christopher M. , Kiell Eleanor P. , Lee Amy J. , Templeton Leah B. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAirway management in children with Pierre Robin sequence in the infantile period can be challenging and frequently requires specialized approaches.AimsThe aim of this study was to review our experience with a multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in young infants with Pierre Robin sequence.MethodsAfter IRB approval, we reviewed 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent a multistage approach to intubation in the operating room for mandibular distractor or gastrostomy tube placement. All patients underwent awake placement of either an LMA‐Classic™ #1 or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway size #1. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, and patients were relaxed with rocuronium. The laryngeal mask airway was replaced with an air‐Q® 1.0. Children were then intubated through the air‐Q® 1.0 using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. In cases that required a nasotracheal tube, the oral tube was left in place while a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope loaded with a similar internal diameter nasal Ring‐Adair‐Elwyn (RAE) tube was introduced into the nares. Once the scope was in proximity to the glottis, the oral tube was removed and the patient was intubated with the nasal RAE over the fiberscope.ResultsAll 13 patients with Pierre Robin sequence were successfully intubated. We observed no periods of desaturation during placement and induction with the LMA‐Classic™ or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway except in one patient who was in extremis in the neonatal intensive care unit and required emergent transport to the operating room with the laryngeal mask airway in place. We observed several brief periods of desaturation during the apneas associated with fiberoptic intubation.ConclusionIn conclusion, we were able to use a ventilation‐driven, multistaged approach using the unique properties of different supraglottic airways to facilitate oral and nasal intubation in 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence.