Abstract 4558: In vitro and in vivo characterization of the PD-1 targeting antibody BI 754091
Authors: Zettl Markus , Wurm Melanie , Schaaf Otmar , Tirapu Iñigo , Mostböck Sven , Reschke Markus , Schmidbauer Stephan-Michael , Frego Lee , Lorenz Ivo C. , Thibodeau Michael , Blanset Diann , Cifuentes Elisa Oquendo , Moll Jürgen , Kraut Norbert , Borges Eric , Vogt Anne , Sedgwick Jonathon , Waizenegger Irene C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor provides inhibitory checkpoint signals to activated T cells upon binding to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and cancer cells leading to suppression of T-cell effector function and tumor immune evasion. Blockade of the PD-1 axis using either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) results in improved T-cell effector function and anti-tumor immune responses. Durable tumor responses occur in 15-30% of cancer patients.
BI 754091, a humanized IgG4 mAb with high affinity against hPD-1 blocks the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 or PD-L2. BI 754091 was characterized in a panel of binding, blocking and functional cell-based assays. In addition, efficacy and safety was assessed in mice and in cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. The ability of BI 754091 to stimulate cytokine production in exhausted human T cells in vitro was tested in an autologous assay system with antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells being re-stimulated by antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in the presence of BI 754091 or isotype control. Under these assay conditions the majority of T cells co-expressed the exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG-3 on their surface. Furthermore, PD-L1 and PD-L2 were expressed on the dendritic cells. At the end of the experiment supernatants were harvested and analyzed for IFNγ secretion as a measure for T-cell activation. BI 754091 showed a potent dose dependent T-cell activation. The average fold increase of IFNγ was 7.9 as compared to isotype control, with an average EC50 of 0.9 nM.
The in vivo activity of BI 754091 was determined in MC-38 tumor-bearing mice, using a mouse strain where parts of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 was replaced by the corresponding human PD-1 domain (C57BL/6NTac-PDCD1tm(PDCD1)Arte mice). A dose of 10 mg/kg BI 754091, given either as single treatment or in a twice weekly schedule, induced significant tumor growth inhibition (median TGI of 83% and 90%, respectively) and complete responses (CRs) in some tumors (3 CRs out of 10 and 2 CRs out of 10, respectively).
BI 754091 binds to PD-1 from cynomolgus monkeys with comparable affinities as to human PD-1, thus allowing pharmacokinetic and toxicological assessment in this species. Repeated high doses of BI 754091 were well tolerated without adverse immune-related effects.
BI 754091 is currently undergoing clinical investigations (NCT02952248).
Citation Format: Markus Zettl, Melanie Wurm, Otmar Schaaf, Iñigo Tirapu, Sven Mostböck, Markus Reschke, Stephan-Michael Schmidbauer, Lee Frego, Ivo C. Lorenz, Michael Thibodeau, Diann Blanset, Elisa Oquendo Cifuentes, Jürgen Moll, Norbert Kraut, Eric Borges, Anne Vogt, Jonathon Sedgwick, Irene C. Waizenegger. In vitro and in vivo characterization of the PD-1 targeting antibody BI 754091 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4558.