bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What happens in Climate Cafés? Exploring responses to the psychological burdens of climate change in seven UK women
Authors: Calabria Luis , Marks Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As humanity faces a future of rising global temperatures, and associated extreme weather events, distressing emotional responses are understandable, but often silenced. Climate Cafés are unique, dedicated spaces where such responses can be shared and validated with others. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with attendees of Climate Cafés facilitated by the Climate Psychology Alliance (CPA). An initial interview of 45 minutes was followed by a shorter follow-up interview 3 months later. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology was used with seven female participants. Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) Having a keen awareness of threats to planetary health, (2) Action taken in the face of climate change, (3) Journeying from isolation to connection, and (4) Legacy of Climate Cafés. Participants described positive experiences both during and after the Climate Cafés, particularly having their concerns heard and validated, being with others who share their worldview, and feeling more connected. Attending Climate Cafés appears to offer important support to people experiencing distress related to the climate and ecological emergencies. Findings are discussed in light of the compassion-focused therapy (CFT) ‘Three Systems’ model, which offers a unifying theoretical conceptualisation that could support future development and research in this area.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the idiosyncratic experiences of seven UK women at Climate Cafés.

(2)
To begin to conceptualise and apply psychological models to current Climate Café practices, especially compassion-focused modalities.

(3)
To use the experiences reported here to add to the growing understanding of eco-emotions.
My climate journey: one cognitive behavioural psychotherapist’s account, and a commentary linking to the scientific and practice literature
Authors: Willsher Claire , Freeston Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Climate change distress is a challenge to people seeking help, and to those providing help. Those providing help are working in a new area of clinical practice where little is known, but they may also be experiencing climate change distress. The aim of this article is to highlight the personal and professional implications of the unfolding climate crisis and how we might better understand and support those with understandable, yet intense, emotional reactions to the climate crisis. This article consists of a first-person narrative by the first author, and a commentary on the narrative based on the psychology of climate change literature by the second author. We have worked independently on the narrative and commentary; each is responsible for their own contribution. The narrative highlights the first author’s personal experience of moving from denial to facing the truth of the climate crisis and the impact on professional practice. The commentary by the second author found that literature is scarce, but more familiar areas of practice may help to understand and respond to climate change distress. Practitioners face a situation where they may experience similar emotions to their clients, analogous to the shared threat of the pandemic. Awareness of the crisis is daunting, but therapy, self-reflection and action can help hold our emotions and support our clients. The evidence is limited but experience of the pandemic suggests that CBT can respond, adapt, innovate, and even revolutionise mental healthcare. These two perspectives suggest, despite the challenges, there may be reasons for hope.

Key learning aims

(1)
To increase familiarity with climate change distress and its multi-faceted presentations.

(2)
To understand the importance of self-care for climate activists and the different forms this may take.

(3)
To consider the implications of being a practitioner helping people with climate change distress, while also experiencing climate change distress.

(4)
To reflect on the tensions between, and the potential integration of, the personal and the professional in the context of climate change.
US military legal doctrine and the emerging wartime cyber environment
Authors: Bobenrieth Emily , Watts Sean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Newly emerging US cyberspace warfighting concepts highlight the need to update US legal doctrine. Concepts adapted to future high-intensity, high-paced armed conflict, including command post dispersal and integration of cyberspace into other targeting domains, present opportunities to refine US understandings of the law of war attack threshold and overlooked rules applicable to destruction and seizure. The advantages of staking out clear and current opinio juris on these and other matters extend beyond providing responsible and consistent operational law advice. Updated and authoritative military cyber legal doctrine will serve the strategic and diplomatic legal interests of the United States and the international legal system as a whole.
Synergistic effect of pyridate-based herbicide mixtures for controlling multiple herbicide-resistant kochia
Authors: Dhanda Sachin , Kumar Vipan , Geier Patrick W. , Currie Randall S. , Dille J. Anita , Obour Augustine , Yeager Elizabeth A. , Holman Johnathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiple herbicide classes resistant (MHCR) kochia poses a serious concern for producers in the Central Great Plains, including western Kansas. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at Kansas State University Research and Extension Centers near Hays and Garden City, KS to evaluate pyridate-based postemergence (POST) herbicide mixtures for controlling MHCR kochia. One previously confirmed MHCR population (resistant to atrazine, glyphosate, dicamba, and fluroxypyr) and a susceptible (SUS) kochia population were tested in a greenhouse study. The kochia population at Hays field site was resistant to atrazine, dicamba, and glyphosate while kochia population at Garden City site was resistant to atrazine and glyphosate. Colby’s analysis revealed synergistic interactions when pyridate was mixed with atrazine, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, or halauxifen/fluroxypyr and resulted in ≥94% control and shoot dry biomass reduction of MHCR kochia in a greenhouse study. Similarly, synergistic interactions were observed for MHCR kochia control in fallow field studies at both sites when pyridate was mixed with glyphosate or atrazine. Kochia control was increased from 26% to 90% with the application of glyphosate + pyridate and from 28% to 95% with atrazine + pyridate at both sites as compared to separate applications of glyphosate or atrazine. This is the first report for such a strong synergistic effect for both glyphosate and atrazine mixtures with pyridate on a weed resistant to both. All other pyridate-based herbicide mixtures showed an additive interaction and resulted in better control of MHCR kochia (87 to 100%) as compared to their individual applications (23 to 92%) across both sites except 2,4-D. These results suggest that pyridate can play a crucial role in various POST herbicide mixtures for effective control of MHCR kochia.
Effect of simulated 2,4-D and dicamba drift on strawberry plant and fruit development
Authors: Sims Kira C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Hoffmann Mark , Mitchem Wayne E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Greenhouse studies were conducted from 2020 to 2021 to evaluate the effect of simulated drift rates of 2,4-D and dicamba on strawberry growth, fruit development and fruit quality in Raleigh, NC. Treatments included 2,4-D choline and dicamba DGA plus Vapor Grip at 1/2x, 1/20x, and 1/200x of the 1x field rate of 1.09 and 0.8 kg ae ha-1, respectively. Treatments were applied to strawberry at three reproductive stages, including bud, flower, and fruit. Averaged across both herbicides, strawberry canopy size was reduced by the 1/2x rate 18, 25, 30, and 36% at 3, 6, 9, and 11 wk after treatment (WAT). The 1/2x rate of both herbicides caused greater injury to strawberry than the 1/20x or 1/200x, with maximum stunting from 2,4-D and dicamba of 54 and 36%, respectively. Fruit pH and SSC increased due to the 1/2x rate of dicamba compared to the 1/20x and 1/200x rates and the nontreated. Treated fruit (across all herbicides) were larger than fruit developing following herbicide application to flowers or buds but were similar to nontreated fruit.
Primary metabolic profiling of four broomrapes belonging to Orobanche and Phelipanche species
Authors: Dor Evgenia , Guy Aviv , Amir Rachel , Hacham Yael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenera of the Orobanchaceae family are holoparasites that parasitize various hosts. Several members of this family cause severe damage to diverse crop plants. While the biological and life cycles of these parasites have been studied, their metabolism has received little attention, most of which focused on Egyptian broomrape [Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.; syn.: Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel]. This study aimed at obtaining more knowledge about the primary metabolic profiling of four parasite species belonging to the Orobanchaceae family—sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), Orobanche cernua, P. aegyptiaca, and branched broomrape [Orobanche ramosa L.; syn.: Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel.]—that developed on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a host. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that significant differences in metabolite content occur between species belonging to Orobanche compared with those belonging to Phelipanche. This finding adds another layer to the separation of these two genera in addition to morphological separation. Moreover, each of these four species exhibits different metabolic profiles, indicating that the parasites can absorb the host’s metabolites but also have the ability to self-regulate their metabolites in order to grow and develop.
Evaluation of ALS-resistant yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Georgia peanut
Authors: Lindell Hannah C. , Prostko Eric P. , McElroy Scott , Patel Jinesh D. , Blankenship Jason D. , Grey Timothy L. , Basinger Nicholas T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Accounting for 53% of U.S. peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), Georgia is the top peanut-producing state, with approximately 1.42 billion kg produced in 2023. Peanut producers often use the acetolactate synthase (ALS) imidazolinone herbicide imazapic, but reduced yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control was reported in Georgia peanuts after 4 yr of continuous imazapic use. This study aimed to determine the level of resistance (LD50, I50, and GR50) and potential cross-resistance for the suspected resistant population and to identify the associated genetic mutations conferring resistance. A susceptible biotype was treated with 0, 0.0088, 0.0175, 0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 kg ai ha−1, and a resistant biotype was sprayed with 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.13, 2.26, and 4.5 kg ai ha−1 of imazapic. To determine whether the suspected resistant biotype was cross-resistant to halosulfuron-methyl, an ALS herbicide used to control Cyperus spp., both biotypes were treated with 0, 0.0117, 0.0233, 0.0466, 0.0933, 0.187, 0.373, and 0.746 g ai ha−1 of halosulfuron-methyl. Plants were rated for injury at 7, 14, and 28 d after treatment (DAT), and aboveground biomass was harvested at 28 DAT. For imazapic, LD50 was 0.041 and 1.503 kg ai ha−1 and the GR50 was estimated to be 0.0128 and 1.853 kg ha−1 for Sus and Res biotypes, respectively, indicating 36- and 145-fold increase in resistance of the Res biotype for I50 and GR50, respectively. Both biotypes responded similarly to applications of halosulfuron-methyl, with biomass reduction at rates greater than 0.023 kg ai ha−1. Transcriptome profiles revealed a mutation in the target-site gene of the resistant biotype causing an amino acid substitution from alanine to valine at position 205 (Ala-205-Val). Growers should continue to rotate chemistries and implement integrated weed management approaches for control of C. esculentus, as the use of imazapic over consecutive years has led to resistance in C. esculentus.
A Rare Tropical Cyclone Associated With Southwest Monsoon Over the Northern Part of the South China Sea—Tropical Storm Maliksi
Authors: He J. Y. , Chan P. W. , Choy C. W. , Cheung P. , Lam C. C. , He Y. H. , Pan C. K. , Lai K. K. , Su H. , Zhang E. Z. , Sun C. J. , Huang C. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the characteristics and development of Tropical Storm Maliksi, which is a special case of tropical cyclone developed in the northwestern part of the South China Sea during a southwest monsoon outbreak. Detailed analyses were conducted using observational data and forecast products. Surface observations, radar wind profilers, aircraft data, and satellite products were used to evaluate Maliksi's wind structure, revealing multiple circulation centers and gale force winds. Vertical wind profiles, warm core structure, wind waves, and the influence of sea temperatures and salinity on Maliksi's intensification were investigated. Regarding forecasting, AI‐based models outperformed conventional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in predicting Maliksi's initial development, though both struggled to capture the persistence of strong winds as the system moved inland. High‐resolution NWP simulations were employed to examine terrain‐induced wind variability around Hong Kong International Airport, revealing the mountain wake effect and uneven wind and turbulence distribution. These findings provide insights into the challenges of forecasting and monitoring such tropical cyclones, and highlight the need for enhanced observational platforms and forecasting tools along coastlines vulnerable to these systems.
How Does Tropical Cyclone‐Induced Remote Moisture Transport Affect Precipitation Over East Asia
Authors: Xiao Shiqi , Zhang Aoqi , Chen Yilun , Chen Shumin , Li Weibiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnalyzing tropical cyclone‐induced remote moisture transport clusters (TRCs) and their effects on precipitation is crucial for understanding precipitation formation and enhancing forecast precision. Prior research, primarily case‐based, did not fully grasp the nature of TRCs. Utilizing an objective TRC identification method, we categorized 65 TRC tracks in East Asia into five types and examined their traits and precipitation links. The findings indicate that the moisture transport height of TRCs varies due to multiple factors, with higher transport linked to the warm conveyor belt and lower transport attributed to Taiwan’s mountain range influencing low‐level moisture. The precipitation peak altitudes of TRCs at higher latitudes are greater, and their precipitation intensity is positively correlated with terrain type, especially coastlines. This study underscores the diversity in TRC characteristics and related precipitation, suggesting that future research should consider the directionality of TRC tracks.
Influence of SST‐Precipitation Relationship Over the Equatorial Western Pacific on Simulation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Chen Guiwan , Ling Jian , Xiao Ziniu , Li Chongyin , Zhang Chidong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCapabilities of 43 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to simulate the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) were compared in this study. Models with higher MJO simulation skills reproduce organized large‐scale convection more frequently over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP), suggesting that MJO simulations are tightly connected to organization of large‐scale precipitation over the EWP. MJO simulation skills are not significantly correlated with the mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the EWP, but tightly connected to SST threshold for convection there. The top simulations exhibit lower SST threshold and more realistic SST‐precipitation relationship over the EWP, suggesting that convection can be organized more efficiently and intensified more rapidly with the increasing SST in these simulations. Our results emphasize that reproducing the relationship between SST and large‐scale precipitation over the EWP is critical to MJO simulations.
Variations of Heat Flux and Elastic Thickness of Mercury From 3‐D Thermal Evolution Modeling
Authors: Fleury Aymeric , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Tosi Nicola , Walterová Michaela , Breuer Doris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMercury's low obliquity and 3:2 spin‐orbit resonance create a surface temperature distribution with large latitudinal and longitudinal variations. These propagate via thermal conduction through the thin silicate shell influencing the interior temperature distribution. We use 3‐D thermal evolution models to investigate the effects of lateral variations of surface temperature and crustal thickness on the surface and core‐mantle boundary (CMB) heat fluxes, and elastic thickness distribution. Surface temperature variations cause a long‐wavelength perturbation of the heat fluxes, as well as of the elastic lithosphere thickness, while variations in crustal thickness affect these quantities at small spatial scales. Like the surface temperature, the present‐day CMB heat flux pattern is characterized primarily by spherical harmonics of degrees two and four, which could affect dynamo generation. Placing robust constraints on the thermal evolution based on the available estimates of the age and thickness of the elastic lithosphere remains challenging due to their large uncertainties.
Spatial Persistence of High Strain Events During Brittle Failure
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Cordonnier Benoît , Zhu Wenlu , Renard François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe onset of brittle failure in rocks includes dilatancy and strain localization. To better understand this nucleation process, we analyze the evolution of the local three‐dimensional strain tensor using X‐ray tomograms acquired during triaxial compression experiments on granite and sandstone. The onset of the localization of the compaction, dilation, and shear strain occurs when ∼65% of the rock volume experiences dilation. Tracking the locations of the high strains throughout loading suggests that the deformation that occurs early in loading influences the location of the system‐sized fracture network that produces macroscopic failure. This influence is larger in the sandstone experiments than the granite experiments, likely due to the microstructure of the sandstone. These results have important implications for detecting precursors to catastrophic failure.
Optimising Interannual Sea Ice Thickness Variability Retrieved From CryoSat‐2
Authors: Nab Carmen , Mallett Robbie , Nelson Connor , Stroeve Julienne , Tsamados Michel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSatellite radar altimeters like CryoSat‐2 estimate sea ice thickness by measuring the return‐time of transmitted radar pulses, reflected from the sea ice and ocean surface, to measure the radar freeboard. Converting freeboard to thickness requires an assumption regarding the fractional depth of the snowpack from which the radar waves backscatter . We derive sea ice thickness from CryoSat‐2 radar freeboard data with incremental values for , for the 2010–2021 winter periods. By comparing these to sea ice thickness estimates derived from upward‐looking sonar moorings, we find that values between 35%–80% result in the best representation of interannual variability observed over first‐year ice, reduced to 55% over multi‐year ice. The underestimating bias in retrievals caused by optimizing this metric can be removed by reducing the waveform retracking threshold to 20%–50%. Our results pave the way for a new generation of ‘partial penetration’ sea ice thickness products from radar altimeters.
Pseudo‐Random Code Generator Design for Satellite Transponder of 5G Wireless Networks
Authors: Muttiah Ravandran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn satellite communication systems, a data stream for a direct sequence spread spectrum transmitter is multiplied by a pseudo‐random code. It can then be transmitted over the same microwave channel as multiple users. Correlating the received composite signal with the provided pseudo‐random code at the receiver end will extract the original data stream without interference. The proposed transponder models here are to achieve the objective of minimizing the satellite onboard components, increasing the speed of operations for higher bandwidth, and transmitting more information to a large group of users. However, taking advantage of this technology and overcoming the challenges of implementing it in a real‐time environment, a satellite transponder was designed at a speed of 128 bps. The satellite transponder here is to accommodate satellites interconnecting 5G wireless networking systems. This paper describes the useful roles of pseudo‐random code generations and the methods of applications to track the desired binary data bit sequences according to the preferred carrier frequency channels. The designed transponder schematic circuit was tested for the received uplink signal at the carrier frequency 13 GHz and transmit downlink signal at 11 GHz. To evaluate the designed onboard transmitter system performance, initially, the system was analyzed in terms of energy per bit‐to‐noise power spectral density ratio, bit error rate, and finally signal‐to‐noise power ratio. The design system was measured for the operations with minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz upto 1.28 GHz for the input bit rates of 200 Mbps upto 2.56 Gbps respectively.
Orexinergic modulation of chronic jet lag-induced deficits in mouse cognitive flexibility
Authors: Duske Julius , D’Souza Nicole , Mayer Dana , Dieterich Daniela C. , Fendt Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCognitive flexibility and working memory are important executive functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex and can be impaired by circadian rhythm disturbances such as chronic jet lag (CJL) or shift work. In the present study, we used mice to investigate whether (1) simulated CJL impairs cognitive flexibility, (2) the orexin system is involved in such impairment, and (3) nasal administration of orexin A is able to reverse CJL-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility and working memory. Mice were exposed to either standard light-dark conditions or simulated CJL consisting of series of advance time shifts. Experiment (1) investigated the effects of a mild CJL protocol on cognitive flexibility using the attentional set shifting task. Experiment (2) used a stronger CJL protocol and examined CJL effects on the orexin system utilizing c-Fos and orexin immunohistochemistry. Experiment (3) tested whether nasal orexin application can rescue CJL-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility and working memory, the latter by measuring spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. The present data show that CJL (1) impairs cognitive flexibility and (2) reduces the activity of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. (3) Nasal administration of orexin A rescued CJL-induced deficits in working memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that executive function impairments by circadian rhythm disturbances such as CJL are caused by dysregulation of orexinergic input to the prefrontal cortex. Compensation of decreased orexinergic input by nasal administration of orexin A could be a potential therapy for CJL- or shift work-induced human deficits in executive functions.