bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent–Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An Effective Method to Control the Morphology and Size of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Yong , Xie Qiang , Fang Kexiong , Zhang Xuan , Chen Houhe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling ammonium perchlorate crystals with desired properties is still a challenge in industrial crystallization. In this work, two different cooling crystallization methods, namely solvent–solvent cooling crystallization and batch cooling crystallization, are compared to prepare ammonium perchlorate crystals with tunable shapes and sizes. The influences of crystallization parameters such as cooling pattern, cooling rate, stirring rate, feed rate, and solution concentration on the morphology and size of ammonium perchlorate particles are studied. The results indicate that solvent–solvent cooling crystallization makes it easier to control the supersaturation of the crystallization system than bath cooling crystallization, resulting in a more uniform morphology of the ammonium perchlorate crystals prepared by the solvent–solvent cooling crystallization. In addition, by adjusting the crystallization conditions, the shape of ammonium perchlorate crystals can be tailored as long rectangle, tabular, spherical, platy, bipyramid, and high‐index faced polyhedron shaped, the mean size of which can be controlled from 43.9 to 191.9 µm. Moreover, the proposed crystallization method provides a promising strategy for the continuous production of ammonium perchlorate crystals in industry; it is also a reference for the crystallization of other materials in crystal engineering.
Solvent‐Free Production of Isosorbide from Sorbitol Catalyzed by a Polymeric Solid Acid
Authors: Yuan Danping , Li Lei , Li Feng , Wang Yanxia , Wang Feng , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of polymeric solid acid catalysts (PDSF‐x) is prepared by grafting strong electron‐withdrawing groups (−SO2CF3) on a sulfonic acid‐modified polydivinylbenzene (PDS) precursor synthesized hydrothermally. The effect of acid strength on sorbitol dehydration is investigated. The textural properties, acidity, and hydrophobicity are characterized by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, elemental analysis, and contact angle tests. The results of FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that both −SO3H and −SO2CF3 are grafted onto the polymer network. We used solid‐state 31P NMR spectroscopy to show that the acid strength of PDSF‐x is enhanced significantly compared with that of PDS, especially for PDSF‐0.05. As a result, PDSF‐0.05 exhibits the highest isosorbide yield up to 80 %, a good turnover frequency of 231.5 h−1 (compared to other catalysts), and excellent cyclic stability, which is attributed to its large specific surface area, appropriate acid strength, hydrophobicity, and stable framework structure. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway and kinetic analysis are proposed.
Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm for massive MIMO systems with channel estimation and spatial correlation
Authors: Rodrigues Victor Croisfelt , Marinello Filho José Carlos , Abrão Taufik 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTo exploit the benefits of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (M‐MIMO) technology in scenarios where base stations (BSs) need to be cheap and equipped with simple hardware, the computational complexity of classical signal processing schemes for spatial multiplexing of users shall be reduced. This calls for suboptimal designs that perform well the combining/precoding steps and simultaneously achieve low computational complexities. An approach on the basis of the iterative Kaczmarz algorithm (KA) has been recently investigated, assuring well execution without the knowledge of second order moments of the wireless channels in the BS, and with easiness since no tuning parameters, besides the number of iterations, are required. In fact, the randomized version of KA (rKA) has been used in this context because of global convergence properties. Herein, modifications are proposed on this first rKA‐based attempt, aiming to improve its performance‐complexity trade‐off solution for M‐MIMO systems. We observe that long‐term channel effects degrade the rate of convergence of the rKA‐based schemes. This issue is then tackled herein by means of a hybrid rKA initialization proposal, which lands within the region of convexity of the algorithm and assures fairness to the communication system. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through numerical results, which bring more realistic system conditions in terms of channel estimation and spatial correlation than those used so far. We also characterize the computational complexity of the proposed rKA scheme, deriving upper bounds for the number of iterations. A case study focused on a dense urban application scenario is used to gather new insights on the feasibility of the proposed scheme to cope with the inserted BS constraints.
Detection and phase I metabolism of the 7‐azaindole‐derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F‐AB‐P7AICA including a preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Mogler Lukas , Haschimi Belal , Halter Sebastian , Franz Florian , Westphal Folker , Fischmann Svenja , Riedel Jan , Pütz Michael , Auwärter Volker 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn June 2018, a 'research chemica'l labeled 'AB‐FUB7AICA' was purchased online and analytically identified as 5F‐AB‐P7AICA, the 7‐azaindole analog of 5F‐AB‐PINACA. Here we present data on structural characterization, suitable urinary consumption markers, and preliminary pharmacokinetic data. Structure characterization was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Phase I metabolites were generated by applying a pooled human liver microsome assay (pHLM) to confirm the analysis results of authentic urine samples collected after oral self‐administration of 2.5 mg 5F‐AB‐P7AICA. Analyses of pHLM and urine samples were performed by liquid chromatography−time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). An LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of 5F‐AB‐P7AICA in serum was validated. Ten phase I metabolites were detected in human urine samples and confirmed in vitro. The main metabolites were formed by hydroxylation, amide hydrolysis, and hydrolytic defluorination, though – in contrast with most other synthetic cannabinoids – the parent compound showed the highest signals in most urine samples. The compound detection window was more than 45 hours in serum. The concentration‐time profile was best explained by a two‐phase pharmacokinetic model. 5F‐AB‐P7AICA was detected in urine samples until 65 hours post ingestion. Monitoring of metabolite M07, hydroxylated at the alkyl chain, next to parent 5F‐AB‐P7AICA, is recommended to confirm the uptake of 5F‐AB‐P7AICA in urinalysis. It seems plausible that the shift of the nitrogen atom from position 2 to 7 (e.g. 5F‐AB‐PINACA to 5F‐AB‐P7AICA) leads to a lower metabolic reactivity, which might be of general interest in medicinal chemistry.
The active spread of adaptive variation for reef resilience
Authors: Quigley Kate M. , Bay Line K. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe speed at which species adapt depends partly on the rates of beneficial adaptation generation and how quickly they spread within and among populations. Natural rates of adaptation of corals may not be able to keep pace with climate warming. Several interventions have been proposed to fast‐track thermal adaptation, including the intentional translocation of warm‐adapted adults or their offspring (assisted gene flow, AGF) and the ex situ crossing of warm‐adapted corals with conspecifics from cooler reefs (hybridization or selective breeding) and field deployment of those offspring. The introgression of temperature tolerance loci into the genomic background of cooler‐environment corals aims to facilitate adaptation to warming while maintaining fitness under local conditions. Here we use research on selective sweeps and connectivity to understand the spread of adaptive variants as it applies to AGF on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), focusing on the genusAcropora. Using larval biophysical dispersal modeling, we estimate levels of natural connectivity in warm‐adapted northern corals. We then model the spread of adaptive variants from single and multiple reefs and assess if the natural and assisted spread of adaptive variants will occur fast enough to prepare receiving central and southern populations given current rates of warming. We also estimate fixation rates and spatial extent of fixation under multiple release scenarios to inform intervention design. Our results suggest that thermal tolerance is unlikely to spread beyond northern reefs to the central and southern GBR without intervention, and if it does, 30+ generations are needed for adaptive gene variants to reach fixation even under multiple release scenarios. We argue that if translocation, breeding, and reseeding risks are managed, AGF using multiple release reefs can be beneficial for the restoration of coral populations. These interventions should be considered in addition to conventional management and accompanied by strong mitigation of CO2emissions.
Insolvency proceedings from a sustainability perspective
Authors: Linna Tuula 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSustainability is a wide concept including environmental, economic, social/culture, and political dimensions. Currently, sustainability research is a rich scientific discipline producing a significant number of research papers. However, sustainability in the context of insolvency proceedings has attracted little research compared with, for example, how much attention corporate social responsibility has received in company law research. This article studies sustainability in the context of liquidation and restructuring proceedings and the preservation of different kinds of resources (natural, manufactured, human, and social capital) in insolvency procedures. The purpose of insolvency proceedings may prevent the full implementation of sustainability. In bankruptcy, the administrator must maximise the selling price for creditor satisfaction, and there are few possibilities to promote sustainability. When facing an acute environmental hazard, in the name of public interest, a bankruptcy estate with assets usually has to act unless the law stipulates that society is responsible for taking care of the problem. In restructuring proceedings, the main purpose is to continue the debtor's business. It depends on the markets how sustainable the debtor company must be to achieve profitability. If becoming a profitable company in a “green” or otherwise sustainable market requires costly efforts, creditors' interests may require the sale of the assets. The author views through sustainability lenses EU Restructuring and insolvency Directive (2019) and finds there is not much of a sustainability approach included.
Explaining repo specialness
Authors: Dufour Alfonso , Marra Miriam , Sangiorgi Ivan , Skinner Frank S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study the dynamics of specialness for 1‐day repo contracts on Italian government bonds over a 10‐year sample period. As predicted by Duffie's (1996) model, our results show that collateral supply is a significant factor for specialness. However, we enrich that finding by also showing a clear impact from repo liquidity, collateral riskiness, information uncertainty, and short‐selling proxies, revealing the importance of speculative bond demand for specialness. During crisis periods, bond fire sales and European Central Bank interventions also have a large impact on repo specialness. We identify recurrent patterns for specialness around bond auctions. Specialness increases steadily from the auction announcement date until a few days before the auction settlement date, which is consistent with overbidding behaviour and a short selling of treasuries (via reverse repos) from primary dealers ahead of auctions.
Computed tomography detected pyelovenous backflow associated with complete ureteral obstruction
Authors: Sano Takeshi , Ichiba Noriatsu , Masui Kimihiko , Haitani Takao , Takimoto Keita , Kajita Yoichiro , Shichiri Yasumasa 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionPyelovenous backflow is a rare condition resulting from an increase in pressure in the renal pelvis due to urinary obstruction.Case presentationA 49‐year‐old woman developed high‐grade fever and right‐sided hydronephrosis after undergoing hysterectomy. Although the hydronephrosis was mild, retrograde pyelography revealed complete obstruction of the right ureter. Excretory phase scans of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed pyelovenous backflow, which presumably decompressed the hydronephrosis. The pyelovenous backflow immediately disappeared after ureteroneocystostomy.ConclusionWe were presented with a patient showing pyelovenous backflow detected by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, which completely disappeared after ureteral obstruction release.
Antenatal caregiving representations and perinatal behavior in mothers with severe lifetime psychopathology
Authors: Røhder Katrine , MacBeth Angus , Agnete Davidsen Kirstine , Gumley Andrew , Brennan Jessica , George Carol , Harder Susanne 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPsychopathology poses a risk for optimal parenting. The current study explored antenatal caregiving representations as markers for later risk of nonoptimal maternal behavior among mothers with severe mental illness. Sixty‐five mothers diagnosed with psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression (psychopathology group), and nonclinical controls participated in a longitudinal study from pregnancy to 16 weeks after birth. Mental health diagnoses and caregiving representations were assessed during pregnancy. Maternal behavior was assessed during the 5‐min recovery phase of the still‐face paradigm at 16 weeks. Mothers with psychopathology reported significantly higher levels of “heightened” caregiving representations (i.e., separation anxiety from the child) than did controls. The only significant diagnostic group difference in perinatal maternal behavior was that mothers diagnosed with depression exhibited more overriding‐intrusive behavior than did nonclinical control mothers. Regression modeling results showed that antenatal caregiving representations of “role reversal” predicted significantly lower levels of sensitivity and higher levels of overriding‐intrusive behavior independent of the effect of psychopathology. The findings can be interpreted in the context of representational transformation to motherhood during pregnancy. The results provide preliminary evidence for the potential of a new questionnaire measure of caregiving representations as a screening instrument for antenatal representational risk.
Examining the community consequences of arrests for low‐level criminal activity
Authors: Schuck Amie M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the effects of arrests for low‐level criminal activity on key features of police–community relations and the capacity of the neighborhood to regulate behavior of residents. Multilevel mixed‐effects modeling was used with residents (N = 826) living in police beats (N = 51) in Chicago to test the hypotheses that higher arrest rates were associated with less police legitimacy, less willingness to work with the police and less neighborhood informal social control. The results indicated that more aggressive enforcement was associated with less capacity for informal social control. The findings also suggested that higher arrest rates were directly related to more legitimacy and indirectly related to less legitimacy through residents’ negative experiences with police. For residents affected by crime and disorder but not burdened by aggressive enforcement, the use of arrests to reduce incivilities may be viewed positively and related to stronger beliefs about legitimacy. In contrast, trust and confidence in police may be reduced for those residents who experience the costs associated with low‐level arrests. Regardless of the short‐term effects, if aggressive low‐level policing undermines the effectiveness of social control systems in the neighborhood, communities will be less safe in the long term.
Content validation of a quantitative stakeholder engagement measure
Authors: Goodman Melody S. , Ackermann Nicole , Bowen Deborah J. , Thompson Vetta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimUsing a stakeholder‐engaged approach, this study conducted content validation and item reduction of a quantitative measure of research engagement.MethodsA five‐round modified Delphi process was used to reach consensus on items. Rounds 1–3 and 5 were conducted using web‐based surveys. Round 4 consisted of a 2‐day, in‐person meeting. Delphi panelists received individualized reports outlining individual and aggregate group responses after rounds 1–3.ResultsOver the five‐round process, items were added, dropped, modified, and moved from one engagement principle to another. The number of items was reduced from 48 to 32, with three to five items corresponding to eight engagement principles.ConclusionsResearch that develops standardized, reliable, and accurate measures to assess stakeholder engagement is essential to understanding the impact of engagement on scientific discovery and the scientific process. Valid quantitative measures to assess stakeholder engagement in research are necessary to assess associations between engagement and research outcomes.
Frontline Science: A flexible kink in the transmembrane domain impairs β2 integrin extension and cell arrest from rolling
Authors: Sun Hao , Fan Zhichao , Gingras Alexandre R. , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel A. , Ginsberg Mark H. , Ley Klaus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
β2 integrins are the main adhesion molecules in neutrophils and other leukocytes and are rapidly activated by inside-out signaling, which results in conformational changes that are transmitted through the transmembrane domain (TMD). Here, we investigated the biologic effect of introducing a proline mutation in the β2 integrin TMD to create a flexible kink that uncouples the topology of the inner half of the TMD from the outer half and impairs integrin activation. The β2 integrin alpha chains, αL, αM, αX, and αD, all contain an inserted (I) domain with homology to von Willebrand factor A domain. β2 activation was monitored in a homogenous binding assay of 2 reporter monoclonal antibodies: KIM127 reporting extension (E+) and mAb24 reporting the high-affinity (H+) conformation of the β2 I-like domain. The proline mutation partially diminished chemokine-induced extension, but not the high-affinity conformation. The proline mutation in the TMD of β2 completely inhibited arrest of rolling HL-60 cells in response to the chemokine IL-8. TMD mutant HL-60 cells rolling on P-selectin and ICAM-1 were unable to reduce their rolling velocity in response to IL-8. Quantitative dynamic footprinting live-cell imaging showed that blocking TMD topology transmission impaired the chemokine-induced activation of β2, limiting the appearance of extended high-affinity (E+H+) β2. This also resulted in a defect in early spreading (3 min after arrest), which could be overcome by forced integrin activation using Mn2+. We conclude that the TMD proline mutation severely impairs β2 integrin extension, cell arrest, and early spreading.
Clinical and Th1/Th2 immune response features of hospitalized children with human rhinovirus infection
Authors: Yuan Xin‐hui , Li Yu‐mei , Shen Yi‐yi , Yang Jin , Jin Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and T‐helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 profile of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, compared with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In September 2013 to August 2014, 335 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children below 14 with bronchiolitis and pneumonia were screened for HRV and 13 other respiratory viruses by PCR or reverse transcription PCR. Interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were detected by multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HRVs were found in 66 cases (19.7%), including 35 bronchiolitis and 31 pneumonia cases. Compared with the RSV alone group, children with pneumonia had more frequent wheezing episodes in HRV (Pa = .001) and HRV + non‐RSV (Pb = .002) groups, and fever in the HRV (Pf = .004) and HRV + RSV (Pg = .005) groups. Among patients with bronchiolitis, cases with HRV alone were more likely to present in winter than those with RSV alone (Pi = .010) and HRV + non‐RSV (Pj = .014), and less numerous in summer compared with HRV + non‐RSV (Ph = .005). Children with HRV alone were more susceptible to have a history of eczema than RSV alone among bronchiolitis (Pc < .001) and pneumonia (Pe = .033) cases. HRV bronchiolitis cases had increased IL‐4/IFN‐γ and decreased TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratios, compared with HRV pneumonia counterparts. HRV is a major non‐RSV pathogen causing hospitalization in children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia and induces an imbalanced Th1/Th2 response in bronchiolitis. Compared with RSV infection, HRV bronchiolitis and pneumonia differ significantly regarding wheezing episodes, susceptibility to eczema, fever occurrence, and seasonal prevalence.
Temperature dependence of the double‐resonance Raman bands in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Gontijo Rafael N. , Gadelha Andreij , Silveira Orlando J. , Carvalho Bruno R. , Nunes Ricardo W. , Campos Leonardo C. , Pimenta Marcos A. , Righi Ariete , Fantini Cristiano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work reports a detailed study of the double‐resonance (DR) Raman bands of single‐layer MoS2 as a function of temperature, using many different laser energies in the region of the excitonic transitions and at different temperatures between 80 and 300 K. Our measurements show that the DR bands are strongly affected by temperature and the results are explained in terms of the temperature dependence of both the phonon wavenumber and the excitonic energy. In order to distinguish these two effects, the excitonic transitions were directly measured by photoluminescence as a function of temperature. It was observed from the multiple‐excitation results that the dispersion of the DR bands measured with different laser lines depends on temperature. The resonance condition was evidenced by considering the difference between energies of the laser excitation and the excitonic transition, at a given temperature. Our findings for the temperature dependence of the DR process in single‐layer MoS2 can be extended to other classes of transition metal dichalcogenide materials.