bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Channel selection and local attention transformer model for semantic segmentation on UAV remote sensing scene
Authors: Liu Da , Long Hao , Liu Zhenbao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCompared with common urban landscape semantic segmentation, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image semantic segmentation is more challenging because small targets have very low pixel percentages and multi‐scale features due to the influence of flight altitude. Yet, the commonly used successive grid downsampling strategy in the current transformer‐based methods omits some important features of small targets. Furthermore, due to the complex background interference, it can lead to even worse results. In reaction to this, existing strategies aim to maintain superior resolution. Nevertheless, the application of this method incurs considerable computational costs, which brings challenges for the practical applications of UAVs. So it is significant to design a novel framework to balance retaining more pixels representing small objects during downsampling and reducing computational costs. For this, the Channel Selection and the Local Attention Transformer Model (CSLFormer) are proposed. During the overlap patch embedding process of feature maps, the model allocates half of the important channels to global attention and local attention. These two types of attention focus on different aspects: one learns the relationships and importance among various patches, while the other emphasizes the features of individual patches. The method shows superior performance on two public datasets: AeroScapes and Vaihingen, achieving mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 75.57% and 78.93%, respectively. The proposed CSLFormer has been released on GitHub: https://github.com/leoda1/CSLFormer.
Monitoring ride‐hailing passenger security risk: An approach using human geography data
Authors: Fu Fengjie , Cai Zhenegyi , Jin Sheng , Xu Cheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRide‐hailing services pose significant security challenges for passengers, underscoring the need for effective security risk monitoring. While extensive research has addressed various aspects of ride‐hailing, few studies specifically focus on passenger security risk monitoring. This paper introduces onSecP, an online approach designed to monitor the security risks faced by ride‐hailing passengers using human geography data. onSecP comprises two phases that set it apart from conventional anomalous trajectory detection methods. First, it employs an anomalous trajectory detection model using the LCSS‐Kmeans‐Geoinformation technique, which identifies and scores anomalous ride‐hailing trajectories. Second, it utilizes a multi‐parameter risk evaluation model enhanced by the AHP‐Entropy‐Cluster weighting method to perform real‐time calculations of passenger security risks by integrating factors such as driver characteristics, trip details, geographical environment, trajectory anomaly scores, abnormal stop duration, and passenger information. Our approach leverages diverse data sources, including ride‐hailing driver information, Point of Interest (POI) data as well as optimal route data from AMap, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, expert assessments, and passenger demographic surveys. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that onSecP effectively differentiates between unsafe trips and normal or abnormal trajectories, thereby significantly improving security risk monitoring for ride‐hailing passengers. Consequently, onSecP offers a robust tool for enhancing ride‐hailing security warning systems.
Coronal mass ejection propagation in the dynamically coupled space weather tool: COCONUT + EUHFORIA
Authors: Linan L. , Baratashvili T. , Lani A. , Schmieder B. , Brchnelova M. , Guo J. H. , Poedts S. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models such as the European heliospheric forecasting information asset (EUHFORIA) have been developed to predict the arrival time of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and accelerated high-energy particles. However, in EUHFORIA, transient magnetic structures are injected at 0.1 AU into a background solar wind created from a static solar wind model. This means the inserted CME model is completely independent of the coronal magnetic field and thus is missing all potential interactions between the CME and the solar wind in the corona.
Aims. This paper aims to present the time-dependent coupling between the coronal model COolfluid COroNal UnsTructured (COCONUT) and the heliospheric forecasting tool EUHFORIA. This first attempt to couple these two simulations should allow us to follow directly the propagation of a flux rope from the Sun to Earth.
Methods. We performed six COCONUT simulations where a flux rope is implemented at the solar surface using either the Titov-Démoulin CME model or the regularised Biot-Savart law (RBSL) CME model. At regular intervals, the magnetic field, velocity, temperature, and density of the 2D surface Rb = 21.5 R⊙ were saved in boundary files. These series of coupling files were read in a modified version of EUHFORIA in order to progressively update its inner boundary. After presenting the early stage of the propagation in COCONUT, we examined how the disturbance of the solar corona created by the propagation of flux ropes is transmitted into EUHFORIA. In particular, we considered the thermodynamic and magnetic profiles at L1 and compared them with those obtained at the interface between the two models.
Results. We demonstrate that the properties of the heliospheric solar wind in EUHFORIA are consistent with those in COCONUT, acting as a direct extension of the coronal domain. Moreover, the disturbances initially created from the propagation of flux ropes in COCONUT continue to evolve from the corona in the heliosphere to Earth, with a smooth transition at the interface between the two simulations. Looking at the profile of magnetic field components at Earth and different distances from the Sun, we also find that the transient magnetic structures have a self-similar expansion in COCONUT and EUHFORIA. However, the amplitude of the profiles depends on the flux rope model used and its properties, thus emphasising the important role of the initial properties in solar source regions for accurately predicting the impact of CMEs.
Conclusions. The dynamically coupled COCONUT plus EUHFORIA model chain constitutes a new space weather forecasting tool that can predict the characteristics of the flux-rope CMEs upon their arrival at L1.
Digital Technologies in Hereditary Coagulation Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kahl Fabian , Kapsecker Maximilian , Nissen Leon , Bresser Laura , Heinemann Marie , Reimer Lara Marie , Jonas Stephan M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to comprehensively survey digital technologies used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary blood coagulation disorders.
Methods The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed on January 29, 2024. Articles were excluded if they were reviews, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews. Articles were included if they were published from January 1, 2014, onward, written in English, described an actual application of digital tools, were in the context of hereditary coagulation disorders, and involved studies or trials on humans or human data with at least three subjects.
Results The initial PubMed search on January 29, 2024, identified 2,843 articles, with 672 from January 1, 2014, onward. After screening, 21 articles met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Among these, 12 focused on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and 9 on digital applications. AI was predominantly used for diagnosis (five studies) and treatment (four studies), while digital applications were mainly used for treatment (eight studies). Most studies addressed hemophilia A, with a smaller number including hemophilia B or von Willebrand disease.
Discussion The findings reveal a lack of intervention studies in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, digital tools, including AI and digital applications, are increasingly used in managing hereditary coagulation disorders. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy and personalizes treatment, while digital applications improve patient care and engagement. Despite these advancements, study biases and design limitations indicate the need for further research to fully harness the potential of these technologies.
Standardization of Myocardial Protection: Comment on Cardiac Surgery 2023 Reviewed
Authors: Carrel Thierry , Schmidli Jürg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere have been few recent innovations since the introduction of cardioplegia more than 50 years ago. Surprisingly, cardioplegia as one of the most essential steps in terms of heart muscle protection during a surgical procedure requiring cardiac arrest has never been really standardized. As a consequence, a considerable variety of cardioplegic solutions and applications have developed: cold versus warm, crystalloid versus blood cardioplegia, antegrade versus retrograde or both, as well as different time schedules for repeated administration. A new cardioplegia solution, called Cardioplexol™, has recently received CE marking approval as a drug following two phase III studies. Cardioplexol™ shows several advantages: the administration follows a very simple protocol, minimizing the risk of errors in manipulation, and diastolic arrest occurs immediately, thus allowing immediate start of the cardiac work once the aorta has been cross clamped. The very low volume of crystalloid solution (e.g., 100 mL as induction and a second application of 100 mL following 45–60 minutes of ischemia) avoids hemodilution and therefore the need for filtration during surgery. In addition, the injection through the aortic root canula eliminates the need for an additional cardioplegia pump and its disposable tubing system. This simplified cardioplegia that is not inferior to Buckberg solution has the potential for standardization of myocardial protection protocols.
Diabetes Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward Self-Care among Nigerian Undergraduates: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Soyoye David Olubukunmi , Adetunji Tajudin , Olowookere Samuel Anu , Ajayi Akindele Amos , Ilori Temitope , Apampa Tobiloba Oluwatomisin , Adejuyigbe Oluwabusola Temitope , Akinola Beloved Jesupelumi 
Published: December 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus is a noncommunicable chronic disease that is becoming prevalent among the youthful population.
Aim This study assessed diabetic awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices among undergraduates of a Nigerian university.
Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 consenting undergraduates that completed a self-administered questionnaire on diabetes and diabetic self-care. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results The undergraduate age ranged from 16 to 30 years with the majority less than 20 years (55.5%), females 53.8%, Yoruba (87.4%), and second-year students (34.2%). Although a majority (85%) was aware of diabetes mellitus, 53% had poor knowledge, 70% had a negative attitude, and 60% had poor practices toward diabetes mellitus and diabetic self-care. Significant predictor of poor knowledge was being female (adjusted odds ratio 4.56; 95% confidence interval 2.79–7.45; p = 0.0001).
Conclusion Despite high diabetes awareness, the knowledge, attitude, and practices were poor among undergraduates. There should be continuous education program on diabetes and diabetic self-care among the students.
A novel magnetic stimulation device with quasi-exponential stimulus currents
Authors: Sandurkov B. , Haupt S. , Gattinger N. , Gleich B. 
Published: December 2024

Since its invention in 1985, the magnetic stimulator has been based on an oscillating circuit consisting of a capacitor and a coil. Depending on how the energy is switched, different pulse shapes are generated. These play an important role in the activation of nerves. While it is possible to generate nearly arbitrary pulse shapes, this freedom comes with complex and costly power electronics. We present a novel monophasic system that can generate extremely steep edges by inductive intermediate storage of pulse energy. It requires a very simple charging circuit, while the pulse amplitude and pulse duration are controlled by the switching times of two IGBTs. By varying these switching times with an input voltage of 140 VAC, our prototype generates pulses with a pulse length between 155 and 200 μs and a maximum stimulation coil current between 2.1 and 2.8 kA. The total energy in the system (depending on the input voltage and switching time) is limited by exceeding the dielectric strength of the IGBTs due to voltage peaks that occur during switching. These peaks were counteracted to a certain extent using RCD snubbers. Our design enables the development of low-cost and compact monophasic magnetic stimulators and, with its novel topology, opens up further possibilities in generating monophasic pulse shapes.
Enhancing soundproofing performance of polypropylene nanocomposites for implantable electrodes inside the body through graphene and nanoclay; thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Mezher AL-Kasar Baraa Chasib , Asl Shahab Khameneh , Asgharzadeh Hamed , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin 
Published: December 2024

This study explores the creation and evaluation of nanocomposites formed by integrating polypropylene (PP) with montmorillonite nanoclay and graphene nanosheets (GNs). The nanocomposites were produced via melt blending, utilizing different proportions of clay to GN, ultimately achieving a total loading of 4 wt. %. The objective is to utilize these materials in brain pacemakers to minimize noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio for brain electrodes. While past studies have mainly focused on enhancing electrode materials within the brain, little attention has been given to the pacemaker material, particularly at the outlet gate. This study bridges this gap by investigating the noise-reducing properties of PP nanocomposites. The primary aim was to determine the optimal clay to GN ratio in the PP matrix. The results indicate that the perforated architecture of the nanocomposite, featuring scattered microspheres within the polypropylene matrix that form an extended channel, facilitates the dissipation of sound waves, rendering it ideal for acoustic insulation in brain pacemakers. In addition, the nanocomposite composed of 2.75% clay and 1.25% graphene nanosheets in the polypropylene matrix demonstrated a markedly improved signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to other examined nanocomposites. Moreover, this study examined the impact of adding PP-g-MA on the sound properties of the nanocomposite, revealing that it was not effective for sound absorption due to its more coherent structure. Various tests were conducted on the nanocomposites to evaluate properties such as tensile strength, elongation percentage, and impact toughness. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were also carried out to assess dynamic storage modulus and thermal stability. Overall, the study aimed to explore the thermal and mechanical attributes of the nanocomposites for potential use in brain pacemakers, highlighting the significance of choosing nanocomposites based on ductility characteristics for pacemaker applications.
Minimally deformed anisotropic version of Tolman–Finch–Skea stellar model in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Azmat Hina , Khalid Rafia , Zubair M , Demir Emre , Güdekli Ertan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, a well-known anisotropic solution, the Tolman–Finch–Skea (TFS) solution, is studied using the gravitational decoupling approach within the framework of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. The radial metric potential is modified linearly through the minimal geometric deformation approach, while the temporal component of the metric remains unchanged. The system of EGB field equations is decomposed into two distinct sets of field equations: one corresponding to the standard energy-momentum tensor and the other associated with an external gravitational source. The first system is solved using the aforementioned known solution, while the second is closed by imposing the mimic constraint on pressure. Moreover, the junction conditions at the inner and outer surfaces of the stellar object are examined, considering the Boulware–Deser 4D space-time as the external geometry. The physical properties of the stellar model are analyzed using parameters such as energy conditions, causality conditions, compactness, and redshift.
Color dipole cross-section from unifying the color-dipole picture and improved saturation models
Authors: Boroun G R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture for determination of the gluon density at low-x which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion. The dipole cross-sections with respect to the improved saturation model of Bartels–Golec-Biernat–Kowalski are obtained in a wide range of transverse sizes r and compared with the Golec-Biernat-W

u

̈

sthoff model. We find that the model gives a good description of the dipole cross-section at large r which confirms saturation and matches the perturbative QCD result at a small r due to the significant role of the running of the gluon distribution.
Static and rotating structures of spin-orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in superposed Bessel lattices*
Authors: Chen Haijun , Duan Hongying , Zheng Xingrong , Liu Jinhe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a superposed Bessel optical lattice formed by multiple Bessel optical lattices. The static and rotational structures are formed in the presence of a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) interaction in the atomic in Bose–Einstein condensates are investigated, it is shown that the two structures can be manipulated by adjusting the parameters of the superposed Bessel optical lattices. The results show that the SOC interaction has an important effect on the two structures in the superposed Bessel optical lattices, and the SOC interaction can enhance the robustness of the structures. The Gaussian, toroidal and vortex superposition structures in the superposition lattice are presented, the interference processes in the steady state structures are analyzed, and the effects of SOC interactions on the Gaussian vortex and toroidal vortex structures are investigated, and the angular momentum of the vortex states can be increased by SOC interactions.
Production of the massless dark photon

γ

˜

associated with the photon γ from charged lepton flavor violating decay processes
Authors: Li Si , Yue Chong-Xing , Cheng Xue-Jia , Bu Yang-Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The massless dark photon

γ

˜

can only interact with the Standard Model (SM) sector via higher-dimensional operators. In this letter, we investigate its production associated with the ordinary photon γ from the lepton flavor violation (LFV) process

ℓ

i

→

ℓ

j

γ

˜

γ

and di-production from the LFV process

ℓ

i

→

ℓ

j

γ

˜

γ

˜

induced by dipole operators. Comparing the obtained numerical results with the corresponding experimental measurements, we obtain the constraints on the effective couplings of

γ

˜

with the SM charged leptons. The upper limit of the effective coupling

D

L

μ
e

2

+

D

R

μ
e

2

coming from the process

μ
→
e

γ

˜

γ

is looser than the process

μ
→
e

γ

˜

by about one order of magnitude.
The application of 3D printing technology in the formation of wide gypsum-based reliefs
Authors: Liang Meiqin , Liu Shuai , Qin Han 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To further explore the application of 3D printing technology in the formation of large-scale gypsum relief sculptures, this paper summarizes the types of gypsum 3D printers currently available in the domestic and international markets, as well as the maximum size of their printed products. It also analyzes the problems encountered in the formation of gypsum relief sculptures and the advantages of 3D printing technology in this field. Based on this, a wide-format gypsum relief 3D printer was developed. The specific application methods of 3D printing technology in the formation of large-scale gypsum relief sculptures were elaborated in detail from the perspectives of mechanical structure design, control development, and process experimental research. The research results show that 3D printing technology can form relief sculptures on large-format gypsum. It can be applied in the field of decorative materials. It can be concluded that 3D printing technology has broad application prospects in the formation of large-format gypsum relief sculptures.
Design of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil extraction device
Authors: Xu Huilin , Wang Huan , Wang Zhiyuan , Yang Wu , Zhu Zhifang , Xi Junmei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In view of the low oil yield of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil extraction in existing factories, the shortcomings of existing equipment were analyzed, and an efficient distillation and extraction device for Cinnamomum camphora essential oil was designed through detailed structural design, considering its sealing, condensing effect and automation degree. The device has the characteristics of adjustable temperature and pressure, control time and high degree of automation. By making a prototype and doing many experiments, it is proved that the oil extraction efficiency of the device is higher than that of the factory device, and has high practical value.
Design and analysis of elevated planting strawberry harvesting robot
Authors: Li Zhaowang , Zhang Zhengyong , Jin Zhou , Hu Yimin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Strawberries grow in clusters, making it hard to pick a target strawberries surrounded by obstacles selectively. Based on the comprehensive consideration of picking success rate and picking cycle time, this paper proposes a multifunctional end-effector integrating three kinds of grippers in one body for more accurate and faster picking. Gripper 1 is used for picking strawberries with obstacles at the stem, which can realize the separation of obstacles. Gripper 2 is used to pick a single strawberry quickly. Gripper 3 is used to pick multiple ripe strawberries gathered at the same time to improve the picking efficiency. In addition, this paper also introduces the auxiliary automatic picking cycle collection mechanism, realizes the cycle of the strawberry basket, and improves work efficiency. Through the static and kinematic analysis of the gripper, the results show that the static properties of the gripper meet the requirements, the movement is stable, has no obvious impact, and meets the practical use requirements. In conclusion, the strawberry harvesting robot designed in this study has good flexibility and can adapt to complex picking environments.
Structure design and analysis of workpiece transfer and feeding mechanism
Authors: Lv Xinyue , Zhang Zuhua , Lv Xinjian , Hu Zhuoyu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the field of industrial machinery, in order to improve the ability to transport goods and strengthen the automation level of the production line, the workpiece transfer and feeding mechanism came into being. In this paper, a four-degree-of-freedom workpiece transfer and feeding mechanism is designed and implemented, and the key parts of the mechanism are analyzed dynamically and simulated. Using SolidWorks software, the three-dimensional model of each component is established, and the assembly drawing is made. The Simulation and Motion plug-ins in SolidWorks were used to analyze the dynamics and stress of the whole mechanism, verify the execution ability of the mechanism, and complete the selection of the motor. The finite element analysis of the manipulator is carried out by ANSYS software, and the strength and stiffness of the key parts of the mechanism are checked. The research provides a new idea and scheme for workpiece transfer and feeding devices.