bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le prélèvement des crânes dans l'est de la France à l'époque mérovingienne
Authors: Simmer Alain 
Published: December 2018

Alain Simmer, The removal of skulls in Eastern France during the Merovingian era.
Although the funerary rites of the Merovingian era are often though to be well-known today, the question of the removal of skulls remains problematical. Numerous examples have been recorded in the East of France, both in the case of old digs as well as in digs more recently worked. Although it is not possible to advance the hypothesis of decapitation, it is nonetheless possible to speak of a real ritual removal of the skull, this appearing either in the absence of the skull or in the skull's unusual position, when the skull hasn't simply been buried separately.
Although it is too early to say how such practices were carried out, it is possible to put forward the theory that at work here was a resurgence of a cult of skulls that was thriving in the prehistoric era and which would continue long after the Merovingian era, as shown in the presence of ossuaries in Lorraine. The same worship of skulls, under a veneer of Christianity, is evident there down through the beginning of the 19th century.
A Machine-learning-based Investigation of the Open Cluster M67
Authors: Gao Xinhua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we use a machine-learning method, random forest (RF), to identify reliable members of the old (4 Gyr) open cluster M67 based on the high-precision astrometry and photometry taken from the secondGaiadata release (Gaia-DR2). The RF method is used to calculate membership probabilities of 71,117 stars within 2.°5 of the cluster center in an 11-dimensional parameter space, the photometric data are also taken into account. Based on the RF membership probabilities, we obtain 1502 likely cluster members (≥0.6), 1361 of which are high-probability cluster members (≥0.8). Based on high-probability memberships with high-precision astrometric data, the mean parallax (distance) and proper-motion of the cluster are determined to be 1.1327 ± 0.0018 mas (883 ± 1 pc) and (,) = (−10.9378 ±0.0078, −2.9465 ± 0.0074) mas yr−1, respectively. We find the cluster to have a mean radial velocity of +34.06 ±0.09 km s−1, using 74 high-probability cluster members with precise radial-velocity measures. We investigate the spatial structure of the cluster, the core and limiting radius are determined to be 4.′80 ± 0.′11 (∼1.23 ± 0.03 pc) and 61.′98 ± 1.′50 (∼15.92 ± 0.39 pc), respectively. Our results reveal that an escaped member with high membership probability (∼0.91) is located at a distance of 77′ (∼20 pc) from the cluster center. Furthermore, our results reveal that at least 26.4% of the main-sequence stars in M67 are binary stars. We confirm that significant mass segregation has taken place within M67.
A Search For Pulsations in the Optical Light Curve of the Nova ASASSN-17hx
Authors: Rosenthal Lee J. , Shen Ken , Hallinan Gregg , Singh Navtej , Chomiuk Laura , Margutti Raffaella , Metzger Brian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present high-speed optical observations of the nova ASASSN-17hx, taken both immediately after its discovery and close to its first peak in brightness, to search for second–minute pulsations associated with the convective eddy turnover timescale within the nova envelope. We do not detect any periodic signal with greater than 3σ significance. Through injection and recovery, we rule out periodic signals of fractional amplitude >7.08 × 10−4 on timescales of 2 s and fractional amplitude >1.06 × 10−3 on timescales of 10 minutes. Additional observations of novae are planned to further constrain ongoing simulations of the launch and propagation of nova winds.
Thermal Doppler Broadening of Spectral Emissions in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas
Authors: Livadiotis G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper develops analytical modeling of thermal Doppler broadening of spectral profiles for particle populations described by kappa distributions, in the absence or presence of potential fields. The kappa distribution provides a straightforward replacement for the Maxwell distribution, that is, a generalization for describing systems characterized by local correlations among their particles, commonly found in space and astrophysical plasmas. The corresponding Voigt profiles are derived by convoluting the thermal and natural/collisional Lorentzian profiles. The kappa velocity distributions are employed to derive the thermal Doppler and Voigt profiles, while the kappa phase-space distributions in the presence of potential fields that depend on the position vector, are used to derive their respective differential profiles. We focus on attractive power-law potentials (oscillation-type, gravitational-type, and angular potentials), and study the variations of the produced Voigt differential profiles in detail. The developed formulations and guidelines provide a useful and statistically well-grounded “toolbox” for future reference in data analyses, simulations, analytical modeling, and theories of spectroscopy and related subjects of space and astrophysical plasmas.
Climates of Warm Earth-like Planets. I. 3D Model Simulations
Authors: Way M. J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Aleinov Igor , Clune Thomas L. , Kelley Maxwell , Kiang Nancy Y. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present a large ensemble of simulations of an Earth-like world with increasing insolation and rotation rate. Unlike previous work utilizing idealized aquaplanet configurations, we focus our simulations on modern Earth-like topography. The orbital period is the same as that of modern Earth, but with zero obliquity and eccentricity. The atmosphere is 1 bar N2-dominated with CO2 = 400 ppmv and CH4 = 1 ppmv. The simulations include two types of oceans: one without ocean heat transport (OHT) between grid cells, as has been commonly used in the exoplanet literature, and the other a fully coupled dynamic bathtub type ocean. The dynamical regime transitions that occur as day length increases induce climate feedbacks producing cooler temperatures, first via the reduction of water vapor with increasing rotation period despite decreasing shortwave cooling by clouds, and then via decreasing water vapor and increasing shortwave cloud cooling, except at the highest insolations. Simulations without OHT are more sensitive to insolation changes for fast rotations, while slower rotations are relatively insensitive to ocean choice. OHT runs with faster rotations tend to be similar with gyres transporting heat poleward, making them warmer than those without OHT. For slower rotations OHT is directed equatorward and no high-latitude gyres are apparent. Uncertainties in cloud parameterization preclude a precise determination of habitability but do not affect robust aspects of exoplanet climate sensitivity. This is the first paper in a series that will investigate aspects of habitability in the simulations presented herein. The data sets from this study are open source and publicly available.
Narrow C iv Absorption Lines with Multi-epoch Observations
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Yao Min , Pang Ting-Ting , Yi Ting-Feng , Lu Mei-Mei , Liu Chun-Qun , Nong Wei-Jing , Liang Qiu-Ying , Liang Jian-Zeng , Ma Shi-Hai , Wu Li-Hua , Gan Yao-Qing , Zou Mei-Li 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Using the quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, all with two-epoch to six-epoch observations, we search for C IV
λλ1548,1551 narrow absorption doublets in spectral data from the blue wing υ
r = 30,000 km s−1 until the red wing of C IV
λ1549 emission lines. We have obtained 21,239 C IV narrow absorption line (NAL) systems, of which 647 systems were significantly changed on timescales from ΔMJD = 0.24 to 1842.38 days at rest-frame. Both samples of the C IV NAL systems with multi-epoch observations and the variable C IV NAL systems are the largest ones to date. The offset velocity distribution of the variable C IV NALs from quasars has a peak at υ
r ≈ 2000 km s−1 and gently extends to a larger offset velocity. There are 110 variable C IV NALs with υ
r > 12,000 km s−1. In addition, about 10% intrinsic C IV NALs show time variability on a timescale of <2000 days. We find that the variations of C IV NALs are positively or negatively correlated with the alternations of quasar continua. The two kinds of correlations suggest that the variable C IV NALs included in our absorber catalog can be classified into at least two populations: (1) highly ionized systems that are dominated by highly ionized absorbing gas and negatively respond to the fluctuations of quasar emissions; and (2) lowly ionized systems that are dominated by lowly ionized absorbing gas and positively respond to fluctuations of quasar emissions. We also find that the absolute fractional changes in the absorption strengths of C IV NALs are inversely correlated with absorption strengths.
The Discovery of a Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar at a Redshift of 7.02
Authors: Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Fan Xiaohui , Yue Minghao , Wu Xue-Bing , Schindler Jan-Torge , Bian Fuyan , Li Jiang-Tao , Farina Emanuele P. , Bañados Eduardo , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , Green Richard , Jiang Linhua , Hennawi Joseph F. , Huang Yun-Hsin , Mazzucchelli Chiara , McGreer Ian D. , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian , Beletsky Yuri 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, to date only two quasars have been found at z > 7, due to a combination of low spatial density and high contamination from more ubiquitous Galactic cool dwarfs in quasar selection. This limits our current knowledge of the super-massive black hole growth mechanism and reionization history. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a luminous quasar at z = 7.021, DELS J003836.10–152723.6 (hereafter J0038–1527), selected using photometric data from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Survey, Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) imaging Survey, as well as Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore mid-infrared all-sky survey. With an absolute magnitude of M
1450 = –27.1 and bolometric luminosity of L
Bol = 5.6 × 1013
L
⊙, J0038–1527 is the most luminous quasar known at z > 7. Deep optical to near-infrared spectroscopic observations suggest that J0038–1527 hosts a 1.3 billion solar mass black hole accreting at the Eddington limit, with an Eddington ratio of 1.25 ± 0.19. The C iv broad emission line of J0038–1527 is blueshifted by more than 3000 km s−1 relative to the quasar systemic redshift. More detailed investigations of the high-quality spectra reveal three extremely high-velocity C iv broad absorption lines with velocity from 0.08 to 0.14 times the speed of light and total “balnicity” index of more than 5000 km s−1, suggesting the presence of relativistic outflows. J0038–1527 is the first quasar found at the epoch of reionization with such strong outflows, and therefore provides a unique laboratory to investigate active galactic nuclei feedback on the formation and growth of the most massive galaxies in the early universe.
Evolution of Dark Energy Reconstructed from the Latest Observations
Authors: Wang Yuting , Pogosian Levon , Zhao Gong-Bo , Zucca Alex 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We reconstruct the evolution of the dark energy (DE) density using a nonparametric Bayesian approach from a combination of the latest observational data. We caution against parameterizing DE in terms of its equation of state as it can be singular in modified gravity models, and using it introduces a bias preventing negative effective DE densities. We find a 3.7σ preference for an evolving effective DE density with interesting features. For example, it oscillates around the Λ cold dark matter prediction at z ≲ 0.7, and could be negative at z ≳ 2.3; DE can be pressure-less at multiple redshifts, and a short period of cosmic deceleration is allowed at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.2. We perform the reconstruction for several choices of the prior, as well as a evidence-weighted reconstruction. We find that some of the dynamical features, such as the oscillatory behavior of the DE density, are supported by the Bayesian evidence, which is a first detection of a dynamical DE with a positive Bayesian evidence. The evidence-weighted reconstruction prefers a dynamical DE at a (2.5 ± 0.06)σ significance level.
Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Exoplanet Transit Classification with Deep Learning
Authors: Ansdell Megan , Ioannou Yani , Osborn Hugh P. , Sasdelli Michele ,   (2018 NASA Frontier Development Lab Exoplanet Team), Smith Jeffrey C. , Caldwell Douglas , Jenkins Jon M. , Räissi Chedy , Angerhausen Daniel ,   (2018 NASA Frontier Development Lab Exoplanet Mentors)
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Space-based missions such as Kepler, and soon the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), provide large data sets that must be analyzed efficiently and systematically. Recent work by Shallue & Vanderburg successfully used state-of-the-art deep learning models to automatically classify Kepler transit signals as either exoplanets or false positives; our application of their model yielded 95.8% accuracy and 95.5% average precision. Here we expand upon that work by including additional scientific domain knowledge into the network architecture and input representations to significantly increase overall model performance to 97.5% accuracy and 98.0% average precision. Notably, we achieve 15%–20% gains in recall for the lowest signal-to-noise transits that can correspond to rocky planets in the habitable zone. We input into the network centroid time-series information derived from Kepler data plus key stellar parameters taken from the Kepler data release 25 catalog. We also implement data augmentation techniques to alleviate model over-fitting. These improvements allow us to drastically reduce the size of the model, while still maintaining improved performance; smaller models are better for generalization, for example from Kepler to TESS data. This Letter illustrates the importance of including expert domain knowledge in even state-of-the-art deep learning models when applying them to scientific research problems that seek to identify weak signals in noisy data. This classification tool will be especially useful for upcoming space-based photometry missions focused on finding small planets, such as TESS and PLATO.
The Merging of Two Stream Interaction Regions within 1 au: The Possible Role of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Wang Zehao , Guo Jianpeng , Feng Xueshang , Liu Chaoxu , Huang Hui , Lin Haibo , Tan Chenming , Yan Yihua , Wan Weixing 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
As the Sun rotates, a fast stream can overtake a preceding slow stream, leading to the formation of a stream interaction region (SIR). Two neighboring SIRs may eventually coalesce to produce a merged interaction region (MIR) en route to the outer heliosphere. However, instances of significant interaction and merging of two neighboring SIRs within 1 au are thought to be extremely rare. In this Letter, we present a case report of two interacting and merging SIRs observed near 1 au, which was associated with two adjacent low-latitude coronal holes. The two SIRs were filled with outward propagating Alfvénic fluctuations associated with magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. A reconnection exhaust associated with a current sheet was identified. We suggest that magnetic reconnection represented a potentially important mechanism for the merging of two neighboring SIRs. This observation may shed light on the understanding of the structure and formation of a MIR within 1 au.
ROCOCO system of combined neutron constants – current status and results of testing using geometrical module of the MMK code
Authors: Zherdev Gennady , Kislitsyna Tamara , Nikolayev Mark 
Published: December 2018

Results of studies aimed at the further refinement of the ROCOCO system (routine for calculation and organization of combined constants including cross-sections in group and subgroup representation with detailed description of energy dependence of neutron cross-sections) (Zherdev et al. 2018, Kislitsina et al. 2016) are presented in the paper. Inclusion of this system as a physical module into a set of Monte Carlo calculation codes with OOBG geometric module from the MMK code (Zherdev et al. 2003) is discussed. OOBG module is designed for calculation of neutron multiplication systems with heterogenous cores arranged as hexagonal grids with different degrees of complexity. The name ROCOCO-MMK was assigned to the complex. Results of testing the complex in the calculations of multi-zone neutron multiplication systems (including those with zones containing neutron moderator, zones with close composition but with different temperature, etc.) are described. Accounting for the dependence of constants for one and the same nuclide in the zones with different compositions and temperatures required substantial modernization of routines for preparation of constants for calculation described in (Zherdev et al. 2018). Algorithm for preparation of subgroup constants was modified, methodology for taking into account resonance self-screening of cross-sections within the range of unresolved resonances was improved, and other changes were introduced in the process of this modernization.
Results of calculations are compared with data obtained using the MCNP-5 precision program (MCNP 1987), which is linked to the same library of evaluated neutron data ROSFOND as that used in ROCOCO. The ROCOCO-MMK includes procedures for registering different neutron flux functionals (also based on ROCOCO data), which allowed including it in the SCALA computation complex (Zherdev et al. 2003, Zherdev 2005), and performing step-by-step calculation of evolution of fuel nuclide composition during the fuel residence campaign. Directions for further development of the system are outlined in conclusion and, in particular, some possibilities of using the created software for further improvement of methods for preparation of few-group constants for calculations in diffusion approximation are examined.
Rohingya : une sortie de crise est-elle possible ?
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie 
Published: December 2018

Le dossier rohingya renvoie à une histoire nationale et régionale complexe. La marginalisation, l’exclusion des Rohingya des communautés formant le Myanmar, s’aggravent encore avec la crise de l’été 2017. L’attitude du pouvoir birman traduit surtout la dominance de l’armée, qui s’assure du soutien du courant le plus nationaliste. L’ASEAN a, dans cette crise, surtout montré son inefficacité. Et l’ONU n’a pu dépasser le blocage chinois. Pour l’heure, nulle solution durable n’apparaît proche.
Prevalence of Salmonella in juvenile dogs affected with parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Botha Willem J. , Schoeman Johan P. , Marks Stanley L. , Whitehead Zandri , Annandale Cornelius H. 
Published: December 2018

Salmonellosis is a disease of major zoonotic importance and canine parvovirus is a potentially fatal cause of canine enteritis with a world-wide distribution. Persistent isolation of Salmonella during routine environmental sampling surveys of a hospital ward, reserved for the treatment of dogs with canine parvovirus infection, prompted investigation into a possible source. We hypothesised that dogs affected by canine parvovirus would have a higher prevalence of faecal salmonellae compared to an apparently healthy cohort. Seventy-four client-owned dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus and 42 apparently healthy client-owned dogs were included in the study. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted over an 18-month period. Fresh faecal samples were collected from dogs aged 6 weeks to 9 months diagnosed with canine parvovirus infection and admitted for treatment, and from apparently healthy dogs presented for vaccination or routine hospital procedures. Faeces were submitted for the isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping of salmonellae. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding was 22% and 31% for the affected and apparently healthy dogs, respectively, which was not statistically different. No significant associations between Salmonella status and possible risk factors or continuous variables such as age, body weight and duration of hospitalisation were identified. All the Salmonella isolates (n = 32) were resistant to penicillin G, lincomycin and tylosin. Salmonellae from nine different serotypes were identified. The prevalence of Salmonella shedding in both groups was higher than that commonly reported, yet similar to those in previous reports on young dogs, shelter dogs or dogs fed a raw meat diet.
SOME FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIAL COUNT IN MARKET MILK*
Authors: Rogick F. A. , Burgwald L. H. 
Published: December 2018

Results indicate the mesophilic counts were approximately three times greater than the psychrophilic counts in raw milk. No psychrophilies were ever found in 4.1 ml of pasteurized milk taken from the vat (LTLT) or from the HTST pasteurization system. Psychrophiles were found in some of the bottled milk, taken at the start of bottling operations.
Psychrophiles were found in all samples at the end of one week storage at refrigeration temperatures, and almost invariably the psychrophilic count at this time was higher than the mesophilic count.
Results indicate the psychrophilic bacteria were not thermoduric and probably were facultative rather than true psychrophiles. They were mostly cocci or non-spore forming bacilli, inert or acid forming.
PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA—A SANITATION PROBLEM1 2
Authors: Parker R. B. , Coldwell A. L. , Elliker P. R. 
Published: December 2018

The Weber and Black method for evaluating germicides was used to compare the efficiency of hypochlorite and quarternary ammonium compounds in the destruction of representative psychrophilic bacteria isolated from defective milk products.
Under conditions of the test, hypochlorites displayed a more rapid germicide action than quaternary ammonium compounds against suspensions of the psychrophilic bacteria studied.
The germicidal action of a quaternary ammonium compound was markedly stimulated by the addition of certain complex phosphate salts.
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF COTTAGE CHEESE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD*
Authors: Lyons P. Robert , Mallmann W. L. 
Published: December 2018

Bacterial contamination of public health significance was determined on 150 samples of market cottage cheese. The study was made over a period of one year, and the packaged cheese was obtained from eight different manufacturers.
Line runs were made at the dairy plants to determine the exact areas of contamination in the manufacturing process.
Various pathogenic organisms were introduced into cottage cheese to determine if cottage cheese would support the growth of such organisms or if it could act as a means of transmission of such pathogens.
IODINE BACTERICIDES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY*
Authors: Lazarus N. E. 
Published: December 2018

A new development in dairy sanitation resulting from the combination of elemental iodine with non-ionic surfactants. The latter as carriers provide a solubilizing medium for the elemental iodine which favorably modifies the undesirable properties of iodine. The well-known germicidal efficiency of iodine is retained.
The products, known commercially as IOSAN for dairy farm sanitation, and IOBAC for plant germicidal use, were thoroughly checked by laboratory and field tests to meet federal agencies, and state and municipality health department requirements.
Both products have received a favorable reception by health authorities and the dairy industry.