bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing Triazole Groups
Authors: Demir Atlı Deniz 
Published: March 2018

A propargyl-functionalized salt, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(prop-2-ynyl)benzimidazolium
bromide (1), was prepared. 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]benzimidazolium
hexafluorophos- phate (2) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[(1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]benzimidazolium
hexafluorophosphate (3) were
obtained by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 1 with corresponding azides. Compound 3 was transformed to 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[(1-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]benzimidazolium
hexafluorophosphate (4) by reduction
reaction with hydrazine monohydrate. The structures of these propargyl- and 1,2,3-triazolyl-functionalized
benzimidazolium salts were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR and elemental analysis methods.
Cementing Operations with Managed Pressure Assist – A Practical Approach
Authors: Graham Robert , Cadd Michael , Wight Colin , Sandell Richard , Jeffries Stuart , Haq Inam 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Managed Pressure Drilling has been a key growth area in the quest to enhance safety and efficiency while drilling wells with ever-increasing levels of complexity. While MPD facilitates drilling in narrow windows, it is often the cementing of tubulars that represents the biggest challenge and results in the most frequent occurrence of losses.
Cementing operations are some of the most critical of all well construction activities due to their impact on well integrity and the fact that the first attempt represents the best opportunity to secure cement placement. Many of the techniques currently employed in Managed Pressure Drilling can be applied to improve cementing operations. However, a more complex circulating environment with multiple fluids in tight annuli makes the application more challenging. When planned and executed effectively, Managed Pressure Assisted Cementing can bring significant benefits to the design of the wells and the integrity of the cement isolation: Casings can be set deeper, tighter clearances can be accepted between casing OD and hole size, cement can be displaced at higher rates, and cementing operations can be reliably performed without losses.
This paper explores the key risks and challenges associated with employing a managed pressure approach to cementing, and describes an empirical methodology that has been developed to reliably deliver successful cement placement in a narrow-margin environment.
Managed Pressure Drilling in Deepwater Brazil Presalt Severe-Loss Scenario
Authors: Pontes Thiago , Barbosa Fernando , Cosendey Silvio 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is a technique used to drill wells when conventional rotary techniques are inadequate. MPD technology enables narrow-window and severe-loss wells to be drilled by controlling bottomhole pressure (BHP) and through early detection of any influx or losses.
This paper discusses a campaign involving three wells drilled in the Brazil presalt area using MPD technology and analyzes lessons learned. Operational procedures are primary to the analysis; however, kick detection and system logic are also discussed, as this case represents the first use of the new MPD technology in a deepwater presalt scenario.
The MPD system can be divided basically into two parts: (1) the flow deviation system, which enables a closed loop to be created to control flow deviations and (2) the pressure management system, which controls BHP by opening and closing an automated choke and measuring flow out. The pressure management system is enhanced by surface equipment, such as an automated choke and Coriolis meter, and the control software that receives all the information to control choke opening and closing analyzes data to detect and control any kicks or losses.
This paper focuses on the surface equipment and software applied and discusses the results, challenges, and savings resulting from MPD technology use.
Deployment of Fully Automated MPD and Manganese Tetroxide Mud System to Drill Ultra-Narrow Mud Window in HPHT Gas Wells
Authors: Alrasheed A. , Oqaili A. H. , Aljubran M. J. , Ezi P. C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has become a well-recognized and common technique used to drill across hole sections with a small margin between the pore and fracture pressures of the exposed formations. In many applications worldwide, conventional drilling is not viable in extreme narrow drilling window sections, where well control incidents are numerous and lost circulation is severe. Rather than tirelessly trying to tweak mud weight (MW) to handle these troubles while drilling conventionally, the use of surface backpressure (SBP) along with lower density drilling fluids allow for maintaining the bottom-hole pressure (BHP) within the drilling window. The MPD surface choke, equipped with hydraulics modelling software, exerts SBP automatically to maintain a stable BHP while drilling and thus results in an integrated drilling operation with minimal risk and proactive approach (Medley et al. 2008).
This paper highlights the drilling operation of an onshore HPHT gas field where an over-pressured zone is encountered, requiring extreme mud gradients. Wells in the field required varying mud densities from as low as 147 pcf and up to 157 pcf. This high density mud along with the narrow drilling window increase the risk of lost circulation and stuck pipe when drilling conventionally. MPD was utilized successfully in several wells, providing improvement in the time required to drill and reduced drilling complications. It enabled drilling with lower MW and enhanced control of BHP, thereby avoiding losses resulting from the high equivalent circulating density. Specific procedures were developed for MPD drilling across this high pressure zone. Manganese tetroxide mud was used to enhance the rheological properties of the drilling fluid. The resulting mud has proven to have significantly lower viscosity and less tendency to settling compared to barite mud systems. The combination of manganese tetroxide mud and MPD drilling proved to be an excellent option to drill through tight mud windows with ultra-high mud weight systems.
Experimental Study on Riser Gas Expansion and Unloading
Authors: Kaldirim Omer , Schubert Jerome J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Gas influxes are common during drilling operations. If not handled properly, in open loop systems gas can expand and unload the riser, however in closed loop systems, unless gas is depressurized, the top section of the riser will become over pressured. Riser unloading has not been accurately modeled due to uncertainties in gas expansion. This paper presents studies on gas expansion and unloading in a lab scale model at Texas A&M University.
We have performed experiments in a scaled riser at the Dual Gradient Drilling laboratory. We ran experiments using water and air as the gas phase. We recorded the change in volume as gas expands and liquid height changes. We mitigated the disproportion of the atmospheric pressure and the scale of the model by using vacuum pumps. We also measured overflow by allowing liquid level to rise to determine the final gas volume.
The experiments provide information on gas expansion and riser unloading. During the expansion process the top of the bubble travels rapidly building momentum, which carries a large volume of mud to the top of the riser model. This occurs through the rapid change in gas volume and the energy released as the pressure decreases. By allowing gas to expand in a controlled environment we measured the impact of gas expansion.
This paper provides information on controlled and uncontrolled gas expansion, impact on riser unloading, and benefits of a closed system.
Optimizing MPD Performance in Highly Permeable Exploratory HPHT Reservoirs: Dealing with Human Factor and Technology Limitations
Authors: Awe Sunday , Akinfolarin Ayodele , Erinle Adeyemi Olatunde , Ibrahim Timothy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The management of human factor and the utilization of advanced Annular Pressure Monitoring (APM) tool enhanced the performance of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) in a highly permeable and narrow margin high pressure (HP)exploration gas wells in the Niger Delta. The pore pressure prognosis (PPP) indicated narrow drilling window in the HP section which necessitated the deployment of MPD for safe project execution.
The MPD mud design entailed drilling with a mud weight that balanced the expected pore pressure prognosis (PPP) and the application of MPD surface back pressure (SBP) to balance the highest PPP case. During the drilling of the first of a three-well-campaign, a kick was taken with pore pressure equivalent to the highest predicted case. The evaluation of the pre-kick Equivalent Static Density (ESD) data indicated that the bottom hole pressure (BHP) was not maintained at the programmed set point unknown to the MPD operator. Transient dips in the BHP below the set point and pore pressure resulted to significant gas influx from the gas reservoir with permeability of 124 - 204mD and reservoir mobility of 112 – 1000mD/cp. Incident causal analysis revealed the contribution of human factor and limitations of conventional APM tool.
This paper details how human factor was effectively managed using procedures and training, and how the advanced APM tool enhanced MPD process optimization in the second deployment resulting in the achievement of BHP values within the range for safe drilling.
Synthesis, Nematicidal Activity and Docking Study of Novel Pyrazole-4-Carboxamide Derivatives Against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Cheng Long , Zhao Wen , Shen Zhong-Hua , Xu Tian-Ming , Wu Hong-Ke , Peng Wei-Li , Liu Xing-Hai 
Published: March 2018

Background:A series of novel 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)- 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized.Methods:All the title compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS.Results and Conclusion:The primarily nematicidal activity results indicated that some of them exhibited moderate control efficacy against the tomato root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita.
Copper-catalyzed Convenient Synthesis and SAR Studies of Substituted-1,2,3-triazole as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Sarkate Aniket P. , Karnik Kshipra S. , Wakte Pravin S. , Sarkate Ajinkya P. , Izankar Ashwini V. , Shinde Devanand B. 
Published: March 2018

Background:A novel copper-catalyzed synthesis of substituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been developed and performed by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The reaction is one-pot multicomponent.Objective:We state the advancement and execution of a methodology allowing for the synthesis of some new substituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues with antimicrobial activity.Methods:A series of triazole derivatives was synthesized by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a series of strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigar for antifungal activity, respectively.Results and Conclusion:From the antimicrobial data, it was observed that all the newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate level of antibacterial and antifungal activity.
The Physical Body Experiences Questionnaire Simplified for Active Aging (PBE-QAG)
Authors: Cossu Giulia , Loi Emilio , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Bramanti Alessia 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The physical activity has been indicated as an experience that can help achieve positive, self-oriented own body awareness. This awareness is an aspect that tends to get worse with age.

Objective:
Our study aims to verify the internal consistency of a questionnaire on physical awareness in a sample of Italian elders; a secondary objective is to measure if there is a relationship between physical awareness and perceived level of physical activity.

Methods:
Cross sectional study on a consecutive sample of elderly people was administered the “Physical Body Experiences Questionnaire simplified for active aging (PBE-QAG)”, inspired by the “Physical Body Experiences Questionnaire”, modified, simplified and adapted to be used in the elderly over 65. To elderly people the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha was also used to assess internal reliability of the total PBE-QAG. The factor structure was evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs).

Results:
The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.8 for the “body-mind relationship” scale, 0.81 for the “accepting your body” scale, 0.83 for the “awareness of physical skills” scale, and 0.65 for the “awareness of physical limits” scale. Cronbach’s alpha for the total PBE-QAG was 0.89. The CFA indicated a model with the 4 factors (CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.984, RMSEA = 0.076).
People who conducted physical activity assiduously or regularly and over 10 minutes showed a better score to the PBE-QAG than those who declared a sporadic activity and for “less than 10 minute”, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that the PBE-QAG shows an excellent total internal consistency. In the Italian sample of elderly people the questionnaire shows the model with the 4 factors described in literature.
Nivolumab Induced Acute Severe Toxicity in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sagarduy Josune Azcuna , Uribelarrea Eider Azkona , Echevarria Itziar Rubio , Revilla Sergio Carrera , Llarena Alberto Muñoz , Vivanco Guillermo López 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Immunotherapy has recently revolutionized the world of oncology. Nivolumab an IgG4 targeting PD-1 receptor has been approved in metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer. It works as a checkpoint inhibitor, allowing the immune system to clear cancer, and it is this mechanism of action which explains its toxicity also named as immmune-related adverse events.

Case Presentation:
This report describes the case of a 65-year-old female with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with nivolumab. After 19º cycle she presented acute severe toxicity with pneumonitis, hypophisitis and thrombocytopenia. She was successfully treated with high dose steroids and immunoglobulins.

Conclusion:
Immune-related adverse events associated with nivolumab are usually nonspecific, with lots of differential diagnosis. They often resolve with prompt management, however, they may get severe if treatment is not retired and systemic immunosupression with corticosteroids is initiated. As shown in this case, we must be attentive throughout the treatment and even after the end of the treatment, since not all cases occur according to what is described in the literature.
KAJIAN KADAR FENOLAT DAN MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK BUBUR INSTAN DARI UBI BANGGAI JENIS BAKU MAKULOLONG (Discoreabulbifera var celebica bukill) DAN BAKU PUKUS (Discorea of alata)
Authors: Adeningsih Sri , Bahri Syaiful , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai “Kajian Kadar Fenolat dan Mutu Organoleptik Bubur Instan dari Ubi Banggai Jenis Baku Makulolong (DiscoreaBulbifera Var Celebica Bukill) Dan Baku Pukus (Discorea Of Alata.)telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar fenolat kedua jenis ubi Banggai tersebut sebelum dan sesudah diolah menjadi bubur instan dan mutu organoleptiknya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh adalahBaku Makulolong basah (hasil glatinasi) memiliki kadar fenolat 2,381 % dan Baku Pukus basah (hasil glatinasi) memiliki kadar fenolat 2,162 %. Sedangkan saat kering (hasil glatinasi) memiliki kadar fenolat 1,638 % dan 1,395 %. Kadar fenolat yang terkandung pada buburBaku makulolong 1,852 % dan kadar fenolat yang terkandung pada bubur Baku Pukus 1,671 %. Dari hasil uji mutu organoleptik pada parameter rasa, aroma dan tekstur menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara bubur instan Baku Pukus dengan bubur instan Baku Makulolong. Sedangkanpada parameterwarnamenunjukkanadanya perbedaan nyata antara warna bubur instan Baku Pukus dengan bubur instan Baku Makulolong. Kata Kunci : Fenolat, mutu organoleptik, bubur instan, ubi Banggai
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI GLUKOMANAN DARI TEPUNG BIJI SALAK (Salacca edulis Reinw.)
Authors: Anindita Faradisa , Bahri Syaiful , Hardi Jaya 
Published: March 2018

This research aims to determine the shaking time and ratio of salak seed flour : anti-solvent isopropyl alcohol to produce glucomannan extract with high yield and high quality. Glucomannan extraction process from salak seed flour is done by aquadest solvent at temperature of 95 °C with shaking speed of 700 rpm for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. Glucomannan precipitate was gained with anti-solvent isopropyl alcohol 95% with salak seed flour : anti-solvent ratio is 1:9, 1:11, 1:13, 1:15, and 1:17 (w/v). Then research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at the level of 95%. The results showed the best extraction time was obtained at shaking time of 120 minutes with yield of 21.47% and the best ratio of salak seed flour : isopropyl alcohol is 1: 17 (w/v) with yield of 40.19%. Characteristics of glucomannan is a water content of 11.18%, ash content of 1.2%, and the molecular weight 2.057 x 104 g/mol.Keywords : salak seed flour, shaking time, glucomannan.
KAJIAN RETENSI KAROTEN KAPANG ONCOM MERAH DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG SELAMA PENGOLAHAN DAN PENYIMPANAN MIE INSTAN FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati , Aneke Harianthy , Bahri Syaiful 
Published: March 2018

Has done research on carotenoids retention oncom red on the processing and storage of instant noodles functional.This study aims was to determine the level of damage carotene in the instant noodle processing and to determine the carotene retention during storage of instant noodles as well as to determine the shelf life of instant noodles at a temperature 50ºC and 60ºC. Estimation of shelf life or expiration period using the model of reaction kinetics the treatment phase of the study include red oncom mold production, processing instant noodles and storage of instant noodles on the temperature. Analysis carotene on instant noodlesdone every 0 days to 6 days using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method in wavelength. The data obtained is used to determine the shelf life of instant noodles. The results obtained showed live carotene demage during the processing of instant noodles is to 20g = 1,867%. For temperature 60oC for 20g = 10,208%, and determining Q10 is 2,90 and the expiration of a functional instant noodles is 122 days.Keywords : Carotene, Mie Functional, Retention carotene, Shelf life, Reaction Kinetics Model
In vitro regeneration of two high-yielding eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Tanzena Tanny Sabina Yesmin, Mst Muslima Khatun, , Protity Anica Tasnim , Salimullah Md , Alam Iftekhar 
Published: March 2018

An in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for two high-yielding eggplant varieties (Solanum melongena L.) namely BARI begun-4 and BARI begun-6. Multiple shoots were regenerated from cotyledonary explants through organogenesis with growth regulators of different combinations and concentrations. The best response towards multiple shoot regeneration was achieved from cotyledon explants on MS media complemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l IAA in both the two varieties of eggplant. Elongation of shoots was achieved on hormone free MS medium. Regenerated shoots of both the varieties produced active in vitro root system on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA. The in vitro grown plantlets were acclimatized in soil, grew up to maturity, flowered, fruited and produced seeds as normal healthy plant like the control.
New Media in Formal and Non-formal Higher Education in Social Sciences
Authors: Kordić Ljubica , Rišner Željko , Papa Dubravka 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
IT-era has changed not only the notion of intercultural communication worldwide, but also every aspect of human reality. In this paper, the authors present the application of electronic media in formal and non-formal education in Croatian higher education institutions on the example of the Faculty of Law, University of Osijek. Special attention is paid to specific computer programmes, language databases and tools for machine translation and machine-assisted translation used in the teaching process within the Lifelong Learning Programme for Lawyer-Linguists as a new type of non-formal interdisciplinary education delivered at that faculty. In the introductory part, the authors discuss the role of new media in formal higher education and present results of a questionnaire conducted among teaching staff of the Faculty of Law Osijek related to application of the Internet and other new IT-media in specific courses. The main part of the paper is focused on the analysis of the course Online Translation Tools and EU Vocabulary, carried out within the Lifelong Learning Programme for Lawyer-Linguists. Teaching contents of that course are delivered by using computer technology (translation tools and databases accessible online), which serves as a medium for teaching translation. Simultaneously, instructing students in proper and skilful usage of those media represents the principal goal of that course. In the concluding part, the authors try to determine the role of new media and IT in formal and non-formal types of tertiary education in the future.
Are FTA’s making the World Less Free? A Case Study of TPP
Authors: Özsüllü Kerem 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
On January 23, 2017, right after assuming presidency, US President Donald Trump did good on his promise and signed the executive order that withdrew USA from the very agreement that it commenced the negotiations for: Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP). The unratified multinational trade agreement encompassed 12 countries which accounted for %40 of the world’s GDP and over 800 million people. On a broader scope, TPP is often affiliated with two other trade deals; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) both of which in terms of content resemble a lot that of TPP. Given the fact that TTIP and TiSA are not complete and not entirely disclosed with the public, we shall be exclusively focusing on TPP. TPP has been subject to many controversies. But particularly the notion that TPP would enable corporations to sue governments in private arbitration tribunals over lost profits has drawn much attention. In this article we shall be investigating whether there is some truth to these allegations. Providing reference from the articles of the agreement, we shall be discussing the qualities of TPP’s judicial reforms. But firstly, in order to introduce the reader to the subject; we will be providing with some context, to properly frame the subject, and with some information about the nature of these agreements. Secondly, we shall be addressing our main issue. In addition, we will be questioning the framework within which the agreements are officially presented. Finally, a conclusion that compromises the author’s assessment of the case will be provided.
O ESTADO PENAL-PSIQUIÁTRICO E A NEGAÇÃO DO SER HUMANO (PRESUMIDAMENTE) PERIGOSO
Authors: Castelo Branco Thayara Silva 
Published: March 2018

O artigo trata dos contornos do direito penal de “tratamento” com base no discurso médico-psiquiátrico, buscando analisar as consequências da reação (penal) ao sujeito “perigoso” e potencialmente criminoso, bem como a herança dessa periculosidade no Sistema de Justiça Criminal brasileiro. Dessa forma, problematiza o Estado penal-psiquiátrico que passa a conectar a noção de “doença” e de “perigo” como justificativa de negação e aniquilamento do ser humano.