bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclopropaneoctanoic Acid 2‐Hexyl Upregulates the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Release in Human Hepatic HepG2 Cells
Authors: Czumaj Aleksandra , Mika Adriana , Chmielewski Michał , Sledzinski Tomasz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently we have found cyclopropaneoctanoic acid 2‐hexyl (CPOA2H) in humans and demonstrated its elevated levels in patients with metabolic diseases associated with hypertriglyceridemia. However, it is still unclear whether CPOA2H may influence lipid metabolism in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were cultured with various concentrations of CPOA2H, and then the expressions of genes associated with lipid metabolism were determined. Incubation with CPOA2H at concentrations found in patients with metabolic diseases enhanced the expression of hepatocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis and release, in particular, the fatty acid synthase gene (nearly 20‐fold increase in the mRNA level). In contrast, incubation with CPOA2H caused the downregulation of most adipocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis, whereas the level of leptin mRNA was increased. These findings suggest that CPOA2H may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with metabolic diseases, upregulating the expression of hepatocyte genes responsible for lipid synthesis and release.
High‐Protein Hypocaloric Nutrition for Non‐Obese Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Hoffer L. John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh‐protein hypocaloric nutrition, tailored to each patient's muscle mass, protein‐catabolic severity, and exogenous energy tolerance, is the most plausible nutrition therapy in protein‐catabolic critical illness. Sufficient protein provision could mitigate the rapid muscle atrophy characteristic of this disease while providing urgently needed amino acids to the central protein compartment and sites of tissue injury. The protein dose may range from 1.5 to 2.5 g protein (1.8–3.0 g free amino acids)/kg dry body weight per day. Nutrition should be low in energy (≈70% of energy expenditure or ≈15 kcal/kg dry body weight per day) because efforts to match energy provision to energy expenditure are physiologically irrational, risk toxic energy overfeeding, and have repeatedly failed in large clinical trials to demonstrate clinical benefit. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition currently suggests high‐protein hypocaloric nutrition for obese critically ill patients. Short‐term high‐protein hypocaloric nutrition is physiologically and clinically sensible for most protein‐catabolic critically ill patients, whether obese or not.
Combining Facile Synthetic Methods with Greener Processing for Efficient Polymer‐Perylene Diimide Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Dayneko Sergey V. , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Welch Gregory C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThrough ease of scalability and facile synthetic methods, eight N‐annulated perylene diimide dimers with different aliphatic chains are synthesized and evaluated as non‐fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs). Optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize the materials. Variation of the length and topology of the aliphatic chains attached at the pyrrolic N‐position is shown to have minimal effect on properties in solution. As films, the use of a branched aliphatic chains results in the dimer exhibiting a low energy shoulder in the absorption spectrum and a narrower emission band. OSCs are fabricated and tested in air, at room temperature, using an inverted architecture. The polymer PTB7‐Th is used as the donor and all active layers are processed from 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. OSC power conversion efficiencies are shown to vary from 3.7%–5.4% for OSCs. The dimer with 2‐ethylhexyl aliphatic chains is selected for optimization because of a high organic solvent solubility and excellent film formation properties. Use of the solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane during film formation lead to an increase in efficiency to 6.6%, while halogen‐free processed OSCs reach 6%. This result offers a simple method for materials side‐chain engineering for the development of OSCs processed in air from eco friendly solvents.
Outer membrane vesicles for vaccination and targeted drug delivery
Authors: Wang Sihan , Gao Jin , Wang Zhenjia 
Published: April 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell membrane‐derived compartments that spontaneously secrete from a wide range of cells and tissues. EVs have shown to be the carriers in delivering drugs and small interfering RNA. Among EVs, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) recently have gained the interest in vaccine development and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the current discoveries of OMVs and their functions. In particular, we focus on the biogenesis of OMVs and their functions in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the applications of OMVs in vaccination and targeted drug delivery.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Mucolipidosis type III, a series of adult patients
Authors: Oussoren Esmee , van Eerd David , Murphy Elaine , Lachmann Robin , van der Meijden Jan C. , Hoefsloot Lies H. , Verdijk Rob , Ruijter George J. G. , Maas Mario , Hollak Carla E. M. , Langendonk Janneke G. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Langeveld Mirjam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMucolipidosis type III α/β or γ (MLIII) are rare autosomal recessive diseases, in which reduced activity of the enzyme UDP‐N‐acetyl glucosamine‐1‐phosphotransferase (GlcNAc‐PTase) leads to intra‐lysosomal accumulation of different substrates. Publications on the natural history of MLIII, especially the milder forms, are scarce. This study provides a detailed description of the disease characteristics and its natural course in adult patients with MLIII.MethodsIn this retrospective chart study, the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings in adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MLIII from three treatment centres were collected.ResultsThirteen patients with MLIII were included in this study. Four patients (31%) were initially misdiagnosed with a type of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Four patients (31%) had mild cognitive impairment. Six patients (46%) needed help with activities of daily living (ADL) or were wheelchair‐dependent. All patients had dysostosis multiplex and progressive secondary osteoarthritis, characterised by cartilage destruction and bone lesions in multiple joints. All patients underwent multiple orthopaedic surgical interventions as early as the second or third decades of life, of which total hip replacement (THR) was the most common procedure (61% of patients). Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was found in 12 patients (92%) and in eight patients (61%), CTS release was performed.ConclusionsSevere skeletal abnormalities, resulting from abnormal bone development and severe progressive osteoarthritis, are the hallmark of MLIII, necessitating surgical orthopaedic interventions early in life. Future therapies for this disease should focus on improving cartilage and bone quality, preventing skeletal complications and improving mobility.
Mechanism of shear failure near fracture face during drainage process of CBM well
Authors: Xiong Ping , Hu Wang-shui , Hu Hai-xia , Liu Hailong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, whether the coal fines can be induced by shear failure during drainage process has been discussed in detail. By coupling with the percolation theory, the elasticity mechanics were used to construe the extra stresses in the formation surrounding with the hydraulic fracture. The safe window of the bottom hole pressure was also calculated from the failure envelope. The research shows that the formation pressure on the fracture surface of the coal seam is negatively related with the bottom hole pressure, and the induced stress is positively related with the bottom hole pressure during the drainage process of fractured CBM wells. The pore pressure around the fracture changed due to pore-elastic effects, which also caused a significant change of the in situ stresses. In order to avoid the breakout of the coal seam around hydraulic fracture during drainage process, the model of the reasonable bottom hole pressure is also built.
Prevalence and correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy controls without family history of any mental disorder: A neurodevelopmental variation rather than a specific risk factor?
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N. , Panagiotidis Panagiotis , Kimiskidis Vasilios , Nimatoudis Ioannis , Gonda Xenia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveNeurological soft signs (NSS) are a group of minor non‐localizable neurological abnormalities found more often in patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders. The aim of the current study was to investigate their prevalence and correlates in healthy controls without family history of any mental disorder.Material and methodsThe study sample included 122 normal subjects (66 males and 56 females; aged 32.89 ± 9.91 years old). The assessment included the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES), and a number of scales assessing the subthreshold symptoms (MADRS, STAI) and functioning (GAF). Data on a number of socio‐demographic variables were also gathered. The statistical analysis included the development of basic statistics tables and the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsThe results of the current study suggest that more than half of the study sample manifested at least one NSS and approximately 5% more than four. Still, the reported prevalence and NES scores are lower form those reported in the literature probably because of the carefully selected study sample. There were no significant correlations between NSS and any socio‐demographic or clinical variable.DiscussionThe current study is the first to study NSS in subjects without family history of any mental disorder and reports the presence of frequent silent neurodevelopmental events in the general population, probably in the form of a neurodevelopmental variation and possibly a weak generic rather than specific risk factor.
A survey and taxonomy on intelligent surveillance from a system perspective
Authors: Mihailescu Radu-Casian , Davidsson Paul , Eklund Ulrik , Persson Jan A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent proliferation of surveillance systems is mostly attributed to advances in both image-processing techniques and hardware enhancement of smart cameras, as well as the ubiquity of sensor-driven architectures. Owing to these capabilities, new aspects are coming to the forefront. This paper addresses the current state-of-the-art and provides researchers with an overview of existing surveillance solutions, analyzing their properties as a system and drawing attention to relevant challenges when developing, deploying and managing them. Also, some of the more prominent application domains are highlighted here. In an effort to understand the development of the advanced solutions, based on their most distinctive characteristics, we propose a taxonomy for surveillance systems to help classify them and reveal gaps in existing research. We conclude by identifying promising future research lines.
Strong Shaking Predicted in Tokyo From an Expected M7+ Itoigawa‐Shizuoka Earthquake
Authors: Denolle Marine A. , Boué Pierre , Hirata Naoshi , Beroza Gregory C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Itoigawa‐Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) is a major oblique left‐lateral crustal fault that is expected to host M7+ events in the near future. Its proximity to the Kanto sedimentary basin poses a threat to the population of Metropolitan Tokyo. This study constructs ground motion predictions for scenario earthquakes on the ISTL using virtual earthquakes. We use the ambient seismic field to calculate the cross‐correlation function that we assume proportional to the elastodynamic Green tensor between High‐Sensitivity Seismograph network stations, which act as sources located above the ISTL, and the stations of the dense Metropolitan Seismic Observation network, which act as receivers in the Kanto Basin. We use the virtual earthquake approach (Denolle et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009603; Denolle, Dunham, et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245678) to predict ground motion from a suite of 270 kinematic sources and find that predicted ground motions are strong enough that nonlinear effects, which we do not model, may become important. We find that the shape of the sedimentary basin substantially alters the shaking by amplifying long‐period ground motions as seismic waves refract at the basin edge. Additionally, we quantify ground motion variability due to source uncertainty, surmise that ground motions are lognormally distributed with regard to source uncertainties, and suggest that the variability is affected (locally either enhanced or reduced) by the basin shape. Finally, we find a coupling point between source and wave paths for epicentral locations on the ISTL that generates almost twice the shaking as equivalent unilateral ruptures, despite directivity orientation that would favor southward ruptures.
Bathymetric Controls on Rotational Surfzone Currents
Authors: McCarroll R. Jak , Brander Robert W. , Scott Tim , Castelle Bruno 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA multibeach Lagrangian data set was used to determine bathymetric controls on flow variability within the surfzone. Seven microtidal flow regimes were examined, six containing rip channels, under moderate shore normal waves. Three selected zones exemplified varying bathymetric control: (i) a alongshore uniform zone; (ii) a shallow rip channel at an oblique angle to shore normal; and (iii) a deep, shore‐normal rip channel. Bathymetric variables included alongshore nonuniformity (φ) and channel angle relative to shore normal (α). Low‐frequency flow (0.01 Hz) was described by velocity (U), velocity standard deviation (σU), angular deviation (σθ), and bias in direction of eddy rotation (ζbias). Observations of the exemplar zones indicated the following: (i) near‐zero mean flow with transient eddies within the alongshore uniform zone; (ii) low mean flow with high ζbias within the oblique channel; and (iii) strong mean flow with low ζbias in the deep channel. Bathymetry and flow variables were spatially averaged and linearly correlated, scaling for wave forcing. Normalized flow variables were found to be interdependent and were correlated with bathymetric variability, with [U ∝ φ], [(U/σU) ∝ φ], and [σθ ∝ − φ], all with (R2 ≥ 0.8). A correlation was determined between α and ζbias (R2 ≥ 0.7, increasing as zone width is decreased), with peak ζbias within oblique channels. Based on these results, a conceptual model is introduced to predict flow behavior for known bathymetry. Surfzone currents were found to span a dynamic continuum from transient eddies on alongshore uniform bathymetry, to channelized rip currents, forced by bathymetric three‐dimensionality and mediated by channel geometry.
Robust Inverse Modeling of Growing Season Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Mountainous Peatland: Influence of Distributional Assumptions on Estimated Parameters and Total Carbon Fluxes
Authors: Weber Tobias K. D. , Gerling Lars , Reineke Daniela , Weber Stephan , Durner Wolfgang , Iden Sascha C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile boreal lowland bogs have been extensively studied using the eddy‐covariance (EC) technique, less knowledge exists on mountainous peatlands. Hence, half‐hourly CO2 fluxes of an ombrotrophic peat bog in the Harz Mountains, Germany, were measured with the EC technique during a growing season with exceptionally dry weather spells. A common biophysical process model for net ecosystem exchange was used to describe measured CO2 fluxes and to fill data gaps. Model parameters and uncertainties were estimated by robust inverse modelling in a Bayesian framework using a population‐based Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler. The focus of this study was on the correct statistical description of error, i.e. the differences between the measured and simulated carbon fluxes, and the influence of distributional assumptions on parameter estimates, cumulative carbon fluxes, and uncertainties. We tested the Gaussian, Laplace, and Student's t distribution as error models. The t‐distribution was identified as best error model by the deviance information criterion. Its use led to markedly different parameter estimates, a reduction of parameter uncertainty by about 40%, and, most importantly, to a 5% higher estimated cumulative CO2 uptake as compared to the commonly assumed Gaussian error distribution. As open‐path measurement systems have larger measurement error at high humidity, the standard deviation of the error was modeled as a function of measured vapor pressure deficit. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of critically assessing the influence of distributional assumptions on estimated model parameters and cumulative carbon fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere.
The Controlling Role of Boundary Layer Inertial Oscillations in Meiyu Frontal Precipitation and Its Diurnal Cycles Over China
Authors: Xue Ming , Luo Xia , Zhu Kefeng , Sun Zhengqi , Fei Jianfang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConvection‐permitting simulations are used to investigate the key mechanism of Meiyu precipitation diurnal cycle over China. Six days from the 2014 Meiyu season are used to produce a “north” composite rainband over the Yangtze‐Huaihe River Basin and another 6 days used to produce a “south” composite band. Both rainbands have peak rainfall in the early morning, while the south band has a secondary peak in the afternoon. Low‐level ageostrophic winds (AGWs) are found to exhibit diurnal cycles with clockwise rotations and their directions, and magnitudes depend on the background geostrophic monsoon flows. Net moisture flux into a control volume enclosing each rainband is almost purely due to AGWs. For both rainbands, net flux reaches maximum at ~04 LST, about 3–4 hr before morning precipitation peak. For the north band, a prominent minimum occurs at ~19 LST, 4 hr before the precipitation minimum. The moisture fluxes through the southern control volume boundary make the largest contributions to the net flux and its diurnal variations. The diurnal variations of the AGWs and their relationship with the background monsoon flows agree very well with the prediction of Blackadar boundary layer inertial oscillation theory, and the convergence forcing by the AGWs resulting from the inertial oscillations plays a paramount role in modulating the diurnal cycles of Meiyu front precipitation, including the creation of early morning peak and evening minimum. Feedback of latent heat release plays only a secondary role. The commonly recognized diurnal monsoon variability can be explained by the Blackadar inertial oscillation theory.
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models for cancer of unknown primary precisely distinguish chemotherapy, and tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R is superior to first-line chemotherapy
Authors: Miyake Kentaro , Kiyuna Tasuku , Miyake Masuyo , Kawaguchi Kei , Yoon Sang Nam , Zhang Zhiying , Igarashi Kentaro , Razmjooei Sahar , Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Murakami Takashi , Li Yunfeng , Nelson Scott D. , Russell Tara A. , Singh Arun S. , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Momiyama Masashi , Matsuyama Ryusei , Chishima Takashi , Singh Shree Ram , Endo Itaru , Eilber Fritz C. , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a recalcitrant disease with poor prognosis because it lacks standard first-line therapy. CUP consists of diverse malignancy groups, making personalized precision therapy essential. The present study aimed to identify an effective therapy for a CUP patient using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. This paper reports the usefulness of the PDOX model to precisely identify effective and ineffective chemotherapy and to compare the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R with first-line chemotherapy using the CUP PDOX model. The present study is the first to use a CUP PDOX model, which was able to precisely distinguish the chemotherapeutic course. We found that a carboplatinum (CAR)-based regimen was effective for this CUP patient. We also demonstrated that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective against the CUP tumor than first-line chemotherapy. Our results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R has clinical potential for CUP, a resistant disease that requires effective therapy.
Low doses of LPS exacerbate the inflammatory response and trigger death on TLR3-primed human monocytes
Authors: Monguió-Tortajada Marta , Franquesa Marcella , Sarrias Maria-Rosa , Borràs Francesc E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTLR sensing of pathogens triggers monocyte activation to initiate the host innate immune response to infection. Monocytes can dynamically adapt to different TLR agonists inducing different patterns of inflammatory response, and the sequence of exposure to TLRs can dramatically modulate cell activation. Understanding the interactions between TLR signalling that lead to synergy, priming and tolerance to TLR agonists may help explain how prior infections and inflammatory conditioning can regulate the innate immune response to subsequent infections. Our goal was to investigate the role of MyD88-independent/dependent TLR priming on modulating the monocyte response to LPS exposure. We stimulated human blood monocytes with agonists for TLR4 (LPS), TLR3 (poly(I:C)) and TLR7/8 (R848) and subsequently challenged them to low doses of endotoxin. The different TLR agonists promoted distinct inflammatory signatures in monocytes. Upon subsequent LPS challenge, LPS- and R848-primed monocytes did not enhance the previous response, whereas poly(I:C)-primed monocytes exhibited a significant inflammatory response concomitant with a sharp reduction on cell viability. Our results show that TLR3-primed monocytes are prompted to cell death by apoptosis in the presence of low endotoxin levels, concurrent with the production of high levels of TNFα and IL6. Of note, blocking of TNFR I/II in those monocytes did reduce TNFα production but did not abrogate cell death. Instead, direct signalling through TLR4 was responsible of such effect. Collectively, our study provides new insights on the effects of cross-priming and synergism between TLR3 and TLR4, identifying the selective induction of apoptosis as a strategy for TLR-mediated host innate response.
Anisotropic band splitting in monolayer NbSe2: implications for superconductivity and charge density wave
Authors: Nakata Yuki , Sugawara Katsuaki , Ichinokura Satoru , Okada Yoshinori , Hitosugi Taro , Koretsune Takashi , Ueno Keiji , Hasegawa Shuji , Takahashi Takashi , Sato Takafumi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRealization of unconventional physical properties in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is currently one of the key challenges in condensed-matter systems. However, the electronic properties of 2D TMDs remain largely unexplored compared to those of their bulk counterparts. Here, we report the fabrication of a high-quality monolayer NbSe2 film with a trigonal prismatic structure by molecular beam epitaxy, and the study of its electronic properties by scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements, together with first-principles band-structure calculations. In addition to a charge density wave (CDW) with 3 × 3 periodicity and superconductivity below 1.5 K, we observed sizable (~0.1 eV) band splitting along the Γ-K cut in the Brillouin zone due to inversion symmetry breaking in the monolayer crystal. This splitting is highly anisotropic in k space, leading to a spin-split van-Hove singularity in the band structure. The present results suggest the importance of spin–orbit coupling and symmetry breaking for unconventional superconductivity and CDW properties in monolayer TMDs.