bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle function and repair of older mice
Authors: Myers Matthew J. , Shepherd Danielle L. , Durr Andrya J. , Stanton David S. , Mohamed Junaith S. , Hollander John M. , Alway Stephen E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+ sensitive deacetylase that has been linked to longevity and has been suggested to confer beneficial effects that counter aging‐associated deterioration. Muscle repair is dependent upon satellite cell function, which is reported to be reduced with aging; however, it is not known if this is linked to an aging‐suppression of SIRT1. This study tested the hypothesis that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) overexpression would increase the extent of muscle repair and muscle function in older mice.MethodsWe examined satellite cell dependent repair in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles of 13 young wild‐type mice (20–30 weeks) and 49 older (80+ weeks) mice that were controls (n = 13), overexpressed SIRT1 in skeletal muscle (n = 14), and had a skeletal muscle SIRT1 knockout (n = 12) or a satellite cell SIRT1 knockout (n = 10). Acute muscle injury was induced by injection of cardiotoxin (CTX), and phosphate‐buffered saline was used as a vector control. Plantarflexor muscle force and fatigue were evaluated before or 21 days after CTX injection. Satellite cell proliferation and mitochondrial function were also evaluated in undamaged muscles.ResultsMaximal muscle force was significantly lower in control muscles of older satellite cell knockout SIRT1 mice compared to young adult wild‐type (YWT) mice (P < 0.001). Mean contraction force at 40 Hz stimulation was significantly greater after recovery from CTX injury in older mice that overexpressed muscle SIRT1 than age‐matched SIRT1 knockout mice (P < 0.05). SIRT1 muscle knockout models (P < 0.05) had greater levels of p53 (P < 0.05 MKO,P < 0.001 OE) in CTX‐damaged tissues as compared to YWT CTX mice. SIRT1 overexpression with co‐expression of p53 was associated with increased fatigue resistance and increased force potentiation during repeated contractions as compared to wild‐type or SIRT1 knockout models (P < 0.001). Muscle structure and mitochondrial function were not different between the groups, but proliferation of satellite cells was significantly greater in older mice with SIRT1 muscle knockout (P < 0.05), but not older SIRT1 satellite cell knockout models,in vitro, although this effect was attenuatedin vivoafter 21 days of recovery.ConclusionsThe data suggest skeletal muscle structure, function, and recovery after CTX‐induced injury are not significantly influenced by gain or loss of SIRT1 abundance alone in skeletal muscle; however, muscle function is impaired by ablation of SIRT1 in satellite cells. SIRT1 appears to interact with p53 to improve muscle fatigue resistance after repair from muscle injury.
On the generation and propagation of Makran swells in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Anoop Thondithala R. , Shanas Puthuveetil R. , Aboobacker Valliyil M. , Kumar V. Sanil , Nair Leela Sheela , Prasad Ravindran , Reji Srinivas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPersistent and periodic northerly low‐level jets have been identified in the South Asian mid‐latitudes and subtropics, which are modified by the presence of Makran mountain ranges adjacent to the central south coast of Pakistan, where they blow predominantly in the west‐northwest to northeast directions. These winds lead to the generation of a new wave system and propagate through the Arabian Sea as “makran swells”. They are prevalent during October to May. The measurements along the west coast of India reveal systematic variations in the wave spectra relating the makran events. This has been further verified through the WaveWatch III simulations forced by the CFSR winds. The significant wave heights up to 4.5 m were hindcasted in the northern Arabian Sea during these events. Once generated, the makran swells propagate to the eastern Arabian Sea and western Arabian Sea with directional sectors of 300–360° and 0–60°, respectively. The characteristic features and the spatial extension of the makran swells are particularly analysed.
Rainfall reconstruction for the Karakoram region in Pakistan since 1540 CE reveals out‐of‐phase relationship in rainfall between the southern and northern slopes of the Hindukush‐Karakorum‐Western Himalaya region
Authors: Khan Adam , Chen Feng , Ahmed Moinuddin , Zafar Muhammad Usama 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change has influenced the glaciers and water resources in the Hindukush‐Karakorum‐Himalaya region. The relatively short instrumental record of northern Pakistan makes long‐term climate change assessments difficult. In this paper, tree‐ring width chronologies were developed from two stands of spruce species (Picea smithiana) in the Karakoram region of northern Pakistan. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that tree‐ring growth of spruce was limited by annual (June–May) precipitation. Based on the regional chronology, we developed an annual precipitation reconstruction for the period 1540–2016 CE. The precipitation reconstruction equation accounts for 40% of the regional precipitation variance during the instrumental period 1946–2016. Dry episodes with rainfall below the 477‐year average occurred from 1569 to 1577, 1598 to 1612, 1621 to 1621, 1638 to 1654, 1673 to 1680, 1697 to 1720, 1728 to 1739, 1753 to 1761, 1777 to 1793, 1801 to 1840, 1860 to 1874, 1914 to 1932, 1960 to 1985, 1998 to 2011. Wet episodes occurred from 1540 to 1568, 1578 to 1597, 1613 to 1620, 1632 to 1637, 1655 to 1672, 1681 to 1696, 1721 to 1727, 1740 to 1752, 1762 to 1776, 1794 to 1800, 1841 to 1859, 1875 to 1913, 1933 to 1959, 1986 to 1997. Furthermore, the results of spatial correlation analyses show that the reconstructed precipitation represents the regional precipitation variations for northern Pakistan and nearby high‐altitude mountains. The out‐of‐phase relationship in tree‐ring records of the Karakoram region and surrounding areas suggests that the Karakoram was under the control of large‐scale ocean–atmosphere–land circulations on a decadal timescale in the past centuries. In addition, by the comparison between the precipitation reconstruction and the instrumental data, we found that the drought risk of Karakoram has increased in the past 70 years and that extreme events are likely to become more severe and more frequent under the backdrop of climatic warming.
Lymphedema microsurgery reduces the rate of implant removal for patients who have pre‐existing lymphedema and total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Voravitvet Tsz Yin , Chen Courtney , Lin Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with pre‐existing lymphedema who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA) are at high risk for periprosthetic joint infection. This complication usually requires removal of the implant. This study aimed to investigate whether surgical treatment of lymphedema reduces the rate of prosthesis removal in such patients.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed our prospective database of patient information collected between January 2009 and December 2018. A total of 348 cases of lower extremity lymphedema were reviewed, and those who underwent total knee TKA for OA of the knee were included. Patient demographics, clinical data, lymphedema surgical history, and TKA surgical history including any episodes of removal were collected and analyzed.ResultsThere were nine of 15 lymphedema patients with knee OA who subsequently underwent TKA. The mean patient age was 70.4 ± 7.1 years. A total of 18 TKAs were performed in nine patients. The knee prosthesis removal rate was 66.7% (12/18). The prosthesis removal rate was 40% (2/5) in patients who underwent lymphedema microsurgery vs 76.9% (10/13) for those who did not (P = .03).ConclusionsPre‐existing lymphedema is associated with a high rate of knee prosthesis removal. Lymphedema microsurgery reduced the removal rate of knee prostheses. We recommend that lymphedema microsurgery be considered for patients who require TKA as a treatment for of the knee.
The versatility of the thoracodorsal artery based composite flaps with vascularized rib and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Elia Rossella , Di Taranto Giuseppe , Amorosi Vittoria , Ngamcherd Sitpahul , Alamouti Reza , Liao Li‐Ying , Maruccia Michele , Giudice Giuseppe , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPedicled and free composite flaps derived from the thoracodorsal artery system, including the latissimus dorsi‐rib (LD‐R) and the serratus anterior‐rib (SA‐R) osteo‐muscular or osteo‐myocutaneous flaps, are potential options to address head and neck, thorax, upper and lower extremity bone, and soft tissue defects' reconstruction. We aimed to report our series of LD/SA‐R composite pedicled and free flaps, evaluating outcomes and complications, and to systematically identify all literature reporting results following LD/SA‐rib reconstructions.
Esophageal A‐ring is associated with the severity of gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Nachalon Yuval , Nativ‐Zeltzer Nogah , Dhar Shumon I. , Mehdizadeh Omid B. , Cassady Antonio T. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe esophageal A‐ring (EAR) is an anatomic finding appreciated on videofluoroscopic esophagram (VFE) at the junction of the tubular esophagus and esophageal vestibule. EARs are appreciated on a small subset (5%) of VFEs. We hypothesize that EARs represent a compensatory mechanism to protect against gastroesophageal reflux (GER).ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between EAR and GER.Study DesignCase control study.MethodsAll persons having undergone ambulatory pH testing with an EAR identified on VFE between November 1, 2014 and June 30, 2014 were identified. All cases were matched to controls by age, gender, and the presence/absence of hiatal hernia. Subjective dysphagia severity was assessed with the EAT10 and the presence of erosive esophagitis and intestinal metaplasia on esophagoscopy was abstracted.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age of the entire cohort (N = 20) was 63 (±7.7) years. 60% was female. The mean composite DeMeester pH score for persons with and without an EAR was 48.9 (±39.6) and 15.4 (±12.3), respectively (P = .033). The mean total % time of pH < 4 for persons with and without an EAR was 26.4 (±21.9) and 7.7 (±6.8), respectively (P = .034). The prevalence of erosive esophagitis among persons with and without an EAR was 70% and 10%, respectively (P = .019).ConclusionThere is a significant association between the presence of esophageal A‐rings on esophagography and the severity of acid reflux on endoscopy and ambulatory pH testing. The data suggest that the presence of an esophageal A‐ring may be either a compensatory mechanism to protect against gastroesophageal reflux and/or an inflammatory consequence of peptic esophagitis.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 130:951–954, 2020
Recurrence of singularities for second order isotropic pseudodifferential operators
Authors: Doll Moritz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLet H be a self‐adjoint isotropic elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order 2. Denote by the solution of the Schrödinger equation with initial data . If u0 is compactly supported the solution is smooth for small , but not for all t. We determine the wavefront set of in terms of the wavefront set of u0 and the principal and subprincipal symbol of H.
Is polycystic kidney disease associated with malignancy in children?
Authors: Friend Brian D. , Wolfe Schneider Kami , Garrington Timothy , Truscott Laurel , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. , Venick Robert S. , Tsai Chambers Eileen , Weng Patricia , Farmer Douglas G. , Chang Vivian Y. , Federman Noah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited condition characterized by progressive development of end‐stage renal disease, hypertension, hepatic fibrosis, and cysts in the kidney, liver, pancreas, spleen, thyroid, and epididymis. While malignancies have been reported in association with PKD in adults, the incidence of malignancies in children with PKD is not currently known.MethodsWe report on five patients with a known history of PKD who developed a malignancy as children at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Patients were included from 2012 to 2017.ResultsWe present five patients with a history of PKD diagnosed with a malignancy during childhood without any additional known mutations to suggest a genetic predisposition to develop cancer. This includes the first reported case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.ConclusionOur report illustrates the potential that PKD may be associated with an increased risk for developing cancer, even in children. Further research is necessary to better understand this relationship.
Effects of dielectric substrates on piezoelectric transducer tunable filter
Authors: Cao Liangzu , Yan Junmei , Yin Lixia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article represents the effects of dielectric substrates on the performances of piezoelectric transducer (PET) tunable bandpass filters. The filter consists of two open loop resonators that are coupled by a magnetic coupling. A capacitive cross coupling between input and output port is introduced, which produces two transmission zeros in the lower and upper stopbands. Three dielectric substrates with various dielectric constants are used as perturbers, and their effects on the coupling coefficient and quality factor of the microstrip filter are analyzed. A PET tunable filter with each substrate as a perturber is fabricated and measured.
Simulation studies of time reversal‐based protoacoustic reconstruction for range and dose verification in proton therapy
Authors: Yu Yajun , Li Zhongxing , Zhang Dong , Xing Lei , Peng Hao 
Published: June 2019

PurposeIn vivo range verification in proton therapy is a critical step to help minimize range and dose uncertainty. We propose to employ a time reversal (TR)‐based approach using proton‐induced acoustics (protoacoustics) to reconstruct pressure/dose distribution in heterogeneous tissues.MethodsThe dose distribution of mono‐energetic proton pencil beam in a CT‐based patient phantom was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. K‐wave toolbox was used to investigate protoacoustic pressurization, propagation and reconstruction in 2D. To address the tissue heterogeneity effect, a number of physical parameters, including mass density (ρ), speed of sound (c), volumetric thermal expansion coefficient (αV), isobaric specific heat capacity (Cp) and attenuation power law prefactor (α0), were empirically converted from CT number. The performance was evaluated using two figures of merit: mean square error (MSE) of pressure profiles and Bragg peak localization error (ΔBP). The impact of six parameters of the TR inversion was examined, including number of sensors, sampling duration, sampling timestep, spill time, noise level and number of iterations.ResultsThe quantitative accuracy of TR reconstruction and its dependency on the selected parameters is presented. Under optimum conditions, the positioning accuracy of the Bragg peak can be controlled below 1 mm. For instance, MSE is 0.0123 and ΔBP is 0.59 mm under the following conditions (32 sensors, sampling duration: 600 µs, sampling timestep: 40 ns, spill time: 1 µs, no noise).ConclusionsThe feasibility of TR‐based protoacoustic reconstruction in 2D for proton range verification was first demonstrated. The approach is not only applicable to pencil beam, but also has potential to be extended to passive scattering systems.
Radiofrequency induced heating around aneurysm clips using a generic birdcage head coil at 7 Tesla under consideration of the minimum distance to decouple multiple aneurysm clips
Authors: Noureddine Yacine , Kraff Oliver , Ladd Mark E. , Wrede Karsten , Chen Bixia , Quick Harald H. , Schaefers Gregor , Bitz Andreas K. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo evaluate radiofrequency (RF) induced tissue heating around aneurysm clips during a 7T head MR examination and to determine the decoupling distance between multiple implanted clips.MethodsA total of 120 RF exposure scenarios of clinical relevance were studied using specific absorption rate and temperature simulations. Variations between scenarios included 2 clips (18.8 and 51.5 mm length), 2 MR‐operating modes, 2 head models, and 3 thermoregulation models. Furthermore, a conservative approach was developed to allow for safe scans of patients with aneurysm clips even if detailed information on the implanted clip is unknown. A dedicated simulation‐based approach was applied to determine the decoupling distance between multiple implanted clips.ResultsFor all 60 clinical scenarios with the 18.8‐mm‐long clip, the absolute tissue temperature remained below regulatory limits. For 15 of 60 scenarios with the 51.5‐mm‐long clip, limits were slightly exceeded (less than 1°C). The conservative approach led to a maximum time‐averaged input power of the RF coil of 3.3W. The corresponding B1+ is 1.32 µT. A decoupling distance of 35 mm allows the aneurysm clips to be treated as uncoupled from one other.ConclusionSafe scanning conditions with respect to RF‐induced heating can be applied for single or decoupled aneurysm clips in a 7T ultra‐high field MRI setting. Multiple aneurysm clips separated by less than 35 mm need further investigations.
A simulation study on the effect of optimized high permittivity materials on fetal imaging at 3T
Authors: van Gemert Jeroen , Brink Wyger , Remis Rob , Webb Andrew 
Published: June 2019

PurposeOne of the main concerns in fetal MRI is the radiofrequency power that is absorbed both by the mother and the fetus. Passive shimming using high permittivity materials in the form of “dielectric pads” has previously been shown to increase the efficiency and homogeneity in different applications, while reducing the specific absorption rate (SAR). In this work, we study the effect of optimized dielectric pads for 3 pregnant models.MethodsPregnant models in the 3rd, 7th, and 9th months of gestation were used for simulations in a birdcage coil at 3T. Dielectric pads were optimized regions of interest (ROI) using previously developed methods for efficiency and homogeneity and were designed for 2 ROIs: the entire fetus and the brain of the fetus. The SAR was evaluated in terms of the whole‐body SAR, average SAR in the fetus and amniotic fluid, and maximum 10 g‐averaged SAR in the mother, fetus, and amniotic fluid.ResultsThe optimized dielectric pads increased the transmit efficiency up to 55% and increased the homogeneity in almost every tested configuration. The ‐normalized whole‐body SAR was reduced by more than 31% for all body models. The ‐normalized local SAR was reduced in most scenarios by up to 62%.ConclusionSimulations have shown that optimized high permittivity pads can reduce SAR in pregnant subjects at the 3rd, 7th, and 9th month of gestation, while improving the transmit field homogeneity in the fetus. However, significantly more work is required to demonstrate that fetal imaging is safe under standard operating conditions.
Optimum Electrofishing Waveforms and Parameters to Induce Immobilization of Juvenile Grass Carp
Authors: Briggs Andrew S. , Dean Jan C. , Boase James C. , Kocovsky Patrick M. , Luoma James A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, a nonnative species to North America, are known to cause negative impacts to aquatic habitats and aquatic communities. Numerous fisheries techniques have been used in an attempt to control or eradicate Grass Carp, including electrofishing. However, electrofishing efficiency for Grass Carp has been variable, and optimum electrofishing waveforms and parameters for inducing a capture-prone response have not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum electrofishing waveforms and parameters to induce a capture-prone response at various water temperatures and conductivities in juvenile Grass Carp in a controlled, laboratory setting. Results indicated that rectangular pulse waveforms with 60–100 Hz frequencies were most effective for immobilization of juvenile Grass Carp. While all duty cycles tested (20–48%) at these frequencies were effective we found that at 60 Hz and 80 Hz frequencies, 24% and 30% duty cycles, respectively, may be more effective. Water temperature was positively related to voltage gradient immobilization thresholds whereas ambient water conductivity and fish size were inversely related to voltage gradient immobilization thresholds. This study provides important information to those seeking to control, eradicate, or detect Grass Carp using electrofishing and provides a framework for future studies focusing on adult Grass Carp.
Study on regional activities in the human brain caused by low‐level clenching and tooth separation: Investigation with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ariji Yoshiko , Kondo Hisataka , Miyazawa Ken , Sakuma Shigemitsu , Tabuchi Masako , Kise Yoshitaka , Nakayama Miwa , Koyama Shuji , Togari Akifumi , Goto Shigemi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to clarify the activated regions in the human brain caused by low‐level clenching and tooth separation, with emphasis on their differences.MethodsFor functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), echo planar and T1‐weighted images were obtained using a 3T MRI apparatus. Six healthy volunteers clenched with 10% and 40% of the maximum bite force as vertical stimulation (Task 1), and 10 volunteers bit at 60, 120, and 180 s after the insertion of a brass contact gage as horizontal stimulation together with vertical stimulation (Task 2) were included in this study.ResultsAt 10% clenching, the supplementary motor area, frontal association cortex, and cerebellum were activated, whereas the primary sensorimotor cortex and temporal association cortex were added to the activated regions at 40% clenching. In addition to the activated regions in Task 1, the parietal association cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, and islet were also activated during biting after the insertion of the brass gage.ConclusionThe hypothalamic area was confirmed to be activated due to biting with the gage in addition to the regions activated in low‐level clenching. Brain fMRI might provide useful information to clarify the relationship between various intraoral stimulations and brain activities.
Decrypting protein surfaces by combining evolution, geometry, and molecular docking
Authors: Dequeker Chloé , Laine Elodie , Carbone Alessandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe growing body of experimental and computational data describing how proteins interact with each other has emphasized the multiplicity of protein interactions and the complexity underlying protein surface usage and deformability. In this work, we propose new concepts and methods toward deciphering such complexity. We introduce the notion of interacting region to account for the multiple usage of a protein's surface residues by several partners and for the variability of protein interfaces coming from molecular flexibility. We predict interacting patches by crossing evolutionary, physicochemical and geometrical properties of the protein surface with information coming from complete cross‐docking (CC‐D) simulations. We show that our predictions match well interacting regions and that the different sources of information are complementary. We further propose an indicator of whether a protein has a few or many partners. Our prediction strategies are implemented in the dynJET2 algorithm and assessed on a new dataset of 262 protein on which we performed CC‐D. The code and the data are available at: http://www.lcqb.upmc.fr/dynJET2/.