bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jets in Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae: Constraints from a Comprehensive Analysis of Radio Observations
Authors: Coppejans D. L. , Margutti R. , Guidorzi C. , Chomiuk L. , Alexander K. D. , Berger E. , Bietenholz M. F. , Blanchard P. K. , Challis P. , Chornock R. , Drout M. , Fong W. , MacFadyen A. , Migliori G. , Milisavljevic D. , Nicholl M. , Parrent J. T. , Terreran G. , Zauderer B. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The energy source powering the extreme optical luminosity of hydrogen-stripped superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) is not known, but recent studies have highlighted the case for a central engine. Radio and/or X-ray observations are best placed to track the fastest ejecta and probe the presence of outflows from a central engine. We compile all the published radio observations of SLSNe-I to date and present three new observations of two new SLSNe-I. None were detected. Through modeling the radio emission, we constrain the subparsec environments and possible outflows in SLSNe-I. In this sample, we rule out on-axis collimated relativistic jets of the kind detected in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We constrain off-axis jets with opening angles of 5° (30°) to energies of

E

k

<
4
×

10

50

erg

(

E

k

<

10

50

erg

) in environments shaped by progenitors with mass-loss rates of

M

˙

<

10

−
4

M

⊙

yr

−
1

(

M

˙

<

10

−
5

M

⊙

yr

−
1

) for all off-axis angles, assuming fiducial values

ϵ

e

=
0.1

and

ϵ

B

=
0.01

. The deepest limits rule out emission of the kind seen in faint uncollimated GRBs (with the exception of GRB 060218) and from relativistic SNe. Finally, for the closest SLSN-I, SN 2017egm, we constrain the energy of an uncollimated nonrelativistic outflow like those observed in normal SNe to

E

k

≲

10

48

erg.
The Inhomogeneous Reionization Times of Present-day Galaxies
Authors: Aubert Dominique , Deparis Nicolas , Ocvirk Pierre , Shapiro Paul R. , Iliev Ilian T. , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Hoffman Yehuda , Teyssier Romain 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Today’s galaxies experienced cosmic reionization at different times in different locations. For the first time, reionization (50% ionized) redshifts, z

R
, at the location of their progenitors are derived from new, fully coupled radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of galaxy formation and reionization at z > 6, matched to N-body simulation to z = 0. Constrained initial conditions were chosen to form the well-known structures of the local universe, including the Local Group and Virgo, in a (91 Mpc)3 volume large enough to model both global and local reionization. Reionization simulation CoDa I-AMR, by CPU-GPU code EMMA, used (2048)3 particles and (2048)3 initial cells, adaptively refined, while N-body simulation CoDa I-DM2048, by Gadget2, used (2048)3 particles, to find reionization times for all galaxies at z = 0 with masses M(z = 0) ≥ 108
M
⊙. Galaxies with

reionized earlier than the universe as a whole, by up to ∼500 Myr, with significant scatter. For Milky Way–like galaxies, z

R
ranged from 8 to 15. Galaxies with

typically reionized as late or later than globally averaged 50% reionization at

, in neighborhoods where reionization was completed by external radiation. The spread of reionization times within galaxies was sometimes as large as the galaxy-to-galaxy scatter. The Milky Way and M31 reionized earlier than global reionization but later than typical for their mass, neither dominated by external radiation. Their most-massive progenitors at z > 6 had z

R
=9.8 (MW) and 11 (M31), while their total masses had z

R
= 8.2 (both).
The Excited Spin State of 1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua
Authors: Belton Michael J. S. , Hainaut Olivier R. , Meech Karen J. , Mueller Beatrice E. A. , Kleyna Jan T. , Weaver Harold A. , Buie Marc W. , Drahus Michał , Guzik Piotr , Wainscoat Richard J. , Waniak Wacław , Handzlik Barbara , Kurowski Sebastian , Xu Siyi , Sheppard Scott S. , Micheli Marco , Ebeling Harald , Keane Jacqueline V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We show that ‘Oumuamua’s excited spin could be in a high-energy long axis mode (LAM) state, which implies that its shape could be far from the highly elongated shape found in previous studies. CLEAN and ANOVA algorithms are used to analyze ‘Oumuamua’s lightcurve using 818 observations over 29.3 days. Two fundamental periodicities are found at frequencies (2.77 ± 0.11) and (6.42 ± 0.18) cycles/day, corresponding to (8.67 ± 0.34) hr and (3.74 ± 0.11) hr, respectively. The phased data show that the lightcurve does not repeat in a simple manner, but approximately shows a double minimum at 2.77 cycles/day and a single minimum at 6.42 cycles/day. ‘Oumuamua could be spinning in either the LAM or short axis mode (SAM). For both, the long axis precesses around the total angular momentum vector with an average period of (8.67 ± 0.34) hr. For the three LAMs we have found, the possible rotation periods around the long axis are 6.58, 13.15, or 54.48 hr, with 54.48 hr being the most likely. ‘Oumuamua may also be nutating with respective periods of half of these values. We have also found two possible SAM states where ‘Oumuamua oscillates around the long axis with possible periods at 13.15 and 54.48 hr. In this case any nutation occurs with the same periods. Determination of the spin state, the amplitude of the nutation, the direction of the total angular momentum vector (TAMV), and the average total spin period may be possible with a direct model fit to the lightcurve. We find that ‘Oumuamua is “cigar-shaped,” if close to its lowest rotational energy, and an extremely oblate spheroid if close to its highest energy state.
ICOS Signaling Controls Induction and Maintenance of Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Panneton Vincent , Bagherzadeh Yazdchi Sahar , Witalis Mariko , Chang Jinsam , Suh Woong-Kyung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractICOS is a key costimulatory receptor facilitating differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells and inflammatory T cells. Rheumatoid arthritis patients were shown to have elevated levels of ICOS+ T cells in the synovial fluid, suggesting a potential role of ICOS-mediated T cell costimulation in autoimmune joint inflammation. In this study, using ICOS knockout and knockin mouse models, we found that ICOS signaling is required for the induction and maintenance of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. For the initiation of CIA, the Tyr181-based SH2-binding motif of ICOS that is known to activate PI3K was critical for Ab production and expansion of inflammatory T cells. Furthermore, we found that Tyr181-dependent ICOS signaling is important for maintenance of CIA in an Ab-independent manner. Importantly, we found that a small molecule inhibitor of glycolysis, 3-bromopyruvate, ameliorates established CIA, suggesting an overlap between ICOS signaling, PI3K signaling, and glucose metabolism. Thus, we identified ICOS as a key costimulatory pathway that controls induction and maintenance of CIA and provide evidence that T cell glycolytic pathways can be potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis.
Cutting Edge: Imbalanced Cation Homeostasis in MAGT1-Deficient B Cells Dysregulates B Cell Development and Signaling in Mice
Authors: Gotru Sanjeev Kiran , Gil-Pulido Jesus , Beyersdorf Niklas , Diefenbach Andreas , Becker Isabelle C. , Vögtle Timo , Remer Katharina , Chubanov Vladimir , Gudermann Thomas , Hermanns Heike M. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Kerkau Thomas , Zernecke Alma , Braun Attila 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Cation homeostasis, in relation to various immune-suppressive diseases, is a novel field of investigation. Recently, patients with a loss-of-function mutation in magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) were reported to present a dysregulated Mg2+ homeostasis in T lymphocytes. Using Magt1-knockout mice (Magt1−/y), we show that Mg2+ homeostasis was impaired in Magt1−/y B cells and Ca2+ influx was increased after BCR stimulation, whereas T and NK cell function was unaffected. Consequently, mutant B cells displayed an increased phosphorylation of BCR-related proteins differentially affecting protein kinase C activation. These in vitro findings translated into increased frequencies of CD19+ B cells and marginal zone B cells and decreased frequencies of plasma cells among CD45+ splenocytes in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that abolished MAGT1 function causes imbalanced cation homeostasis and developmental responses in B cells. Therefore, this study might contribute to a further understanding of B cell–related pathologies.
Nonrigid registration of multimodal medical images based on hybrid model
Authors: Tong Nuo , Gou Shuiping , Xu Teng , Sheng Ke , Yang Shuyuan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Multimodal image registration is a crucial step in prostate cancer radiation therapy scheme. However, it can be challenging due to the obvious appearance difference between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and unavoidable organ motion. Accordingly, a nonrigid registration framework for precisely registering multimodal prostate images is proposed in this paper.

Materials and Methods:
In this work, multimodal prostate image registration between CT and MRI is achieved using a hybrid model that integrates multiresolution strategy and Demons algorithm. Furthermore, to precisely describe the deformation of prostate, B-spline-based registration is utilized to refine the initial registration result of multiresolution Demons algorithm.

Results:
To evaluate our method, experiments on clinical prostate data sets of nine participants and comparison with the conventional Demons algorithm are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed registration method outperforms the Demons algorithm by a large margin in terms of mutual information and correlation coefficient.

Conclusions:
These results show that our method outperforms the Demons algorithm and can achieve excellent performance on multimodal prostate images even the appearances of prostate change significantly. In addition, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can help to localize the prostate accurately, which is feasible in clinical.
Three-dimensional visualization technology in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor in the hilar bile duct to the upper segment of common bile duct
Authors: He Yanping , Di Weidong , Zhang Yanzhong , Li Jianghuai 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technique in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the hilar and common bile ducts.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 23 patients admitted from January 2015 to April 2017 for surgical treatment were analyzed, of whom 13 patients underwent medical image 3D visualization system (treatment group) while 10 underwent surgery alone (control group). Indicators to the treatment effects were recorded and compared between the two groups, including the operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospitalization time, the number of dissected lymph nodes, the incidence of all postoperative complications, and the alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBIL) monitored on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the operation.

Results:
In the treatment group and control group, the operation time was 194.66 ± 13.79 and 230.81 ± 27.07 min (t = 3.857, P = 0.002), the intraoperative bleeding volume was 274.28 ± 44.57 and 320.69 ± 35.90 mL (t = 2.686, P = 0.014), the postoperative hospitalization time was 11.15 ± 1.25 and 15.25 ± 1.75d (t = 6.557, P = 0.000), the number of dissected lymph nodes 10.46 ± 1.71 and 7.40 ± 0.97 (t = 5.050, P = 0.000), and the incidence of all postoperative complications 7.69% and 60% (χ2 = 7.304, P = 0.019), respectively. The level of ALT and TBIL was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group, whereas the level of ALB was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group on days 3, 5, and 7 (P < 0.05). The recovery of liver function was better in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, no perioperative deaths were found in either group.

Conclusions:
In the surgical treatment of malignant tumors occurring in the hilar to the common bile duct, 3D visualization technology can reduce the operation injury and intraoperative bleeding, decrease the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the safety and effectiveness of the operation, and promote the recovery of liver function, thus demonstrating promising short-term efficacy.
Effect of multilevel lower-limb botulinum injections & intensive physical therapy on children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Juneja Monica , Jain Rahul , Gautam Ankita , Khanna Ritu , Narang Kamia 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
Botulinum toxin is considered as an effective treatment for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, there are only a few long-term studies, and the effects on motor function have been inconclusive. Moreover, due to its high cost and need for intensive post-injection therapy, utility in context of developing nations has not been established. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the long term effects of botulinum toxin-A with physical therapy in children with CP.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India, where a limited supply of botulinum toxin was introduced in the year 2009. It was used in a selective group of patients with CP along with intensive physical therapies. All children who received lower-limb botulinum injections over a 42-month period were analyzed. For evaluation of treatment effect, the measurement at 1st pre-injection assessment and the last measurements, i.e. 12 wk after last injection received by that child were compared.

Results:
Twenty nine patients (20 males, median age 51 months) received 69 sessions of botulinum toxin injections in the lower limbs over a 42-month period. Thirteen patients were diplegic, 10 were quadriplegic, five were triplegic and one was hemiplegic. There was a significant improvement in pre- and post-injection scores on Observational Gait Scale (right side 7.1±3.6 to 10.7±3.7, left side 6.7±3.5 to 9.9±3.4), Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (47.9±17.7 to 67.6±17.2), Modified Ashworth Scale, passive range of motion and Gross Motor Function Classification System. Most of the patients showed gain in motor milestones as well.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that judicious use of botulinum injections along with intensive physio/occupational therapies could yield good results in children with CP.
Initial treatment dropout in patients with substance use disorders attending a tertiary care de-addiction centre in north India
Authors: Basu Debasish , Ghosh Abhishek , Sarkar Siddharth , Patra Bichitra Nanda , Subodh B.N. , Mattoo Surendra Kumar 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
Dropout from substance use disorders treatment is associated with poor outcomes. Although many factors have been associated with an early dropout of patients, the reasons for dropping out of treatment prematurely remain poorly understood particularly in the Indian context. This study was aimed to study socio-demographic and clinical variables predicting initial dropout of patients attending a tertiary care de-addiction treatment centre in north India.

Methods:
Information was extracted from the records of consecutive newly registered patients from January 2011 to December 2014. The patients who did not come for follow up within 30 days of the first contact were defined as initial dropouts.

Results:
Data of 7991 patients could be retrieved. Majority of the sample consisted of male, married and employed individuals. Of them, 4907 patients (61.3%) were considered initial dropouts. Multivariate analysis revealed that after controlling for other factors, greater age, being employed, lower educational status, lesser duration of substance use, use of alcohol, opiate, tobacco, cannabis or sedative-hypnotic use but the absence of multi-substance use predicted initial drop out.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study identified some socio-demographic and clinical variables which might predict treatment attrition in substance use disorders. Clinician's awareness towards these factors and tailor-made intervention might improve initial treatment retention. Future research could be directed to find the validity of this assumption.
Epigallocatechin gallate & curcumin prevent transforming growth factor beta 1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in ARPE-19 cells
Authors: Shanmuganathan Sivasankar , Sumantran Venil N. , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM), which exerts traction and detaches the retina. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells underlies ERM formation. Adjuvant therapies aimed at preventing recurrence of PVR after surgery mostly failed in clinical trials. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-EMT properties of bio-active compounds epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), curcumin and lycopene as inhibitors of EMT induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cultured ARPE-19 cells.

Methods:
ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β1 alone or co-treated with EGCG (1-50 μM), lycopene (1-10 μM) and curcumin (1-10 μM). The mRNA and protein expression of EMT markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, zonula occludens-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence/enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Activity of MMP-2 was assessed by zymography. Functional implications of EMT were assessed by proliferation assay (MTT assay) and migration assay (scratch assay). Western-blot for phosphorylated Smad-3 and total Smad-3 was done to delineate the mechanism.

Results:
EGCG and curcumin at 10 μM concentration reversed EMT, inhibited proliferation and migration through Smad-3 phosphorylation, when induced by TGF-β1 in ARPE-19 cells. Lycopene did not prevent EMT in ARPE-19 cells.

Interpretation & conclusions:
EGCG and curcumin are potent in preventing EMT induced by TGF-β1 in ARPE-19 cells and therefore, proposed as potential molecules for further pre-clinical evaluation in PVR management.
Unenhanced renal magnetic resonance angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease & suspected renovascular hypertension
Authors: Yamuna J. , Chandrasekharan Anupama , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Ramalakshmi S. , Joseph Santhosh 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of severe hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is important to detect RAS early as it can reverse hypertension and stop rapid deterioration of renal function. The potential drawbacks of various imaging modalities used to detect RAS including contrast-related adverse effects associated with diagnostic angiography have led to increasing interest in unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) renal angiography. The aim of this study was to detect and grade RAS in patients with CKD and suspected renovascular hypertension using unenhanced MR angiography (UMRA) and to identify patients with significant RAS (>70%) who would subsequently require further investigation and revascularization.

Methods:
Thirty five CKD patients with suspected RAS were subjected to UMRA using non-contrast MR angiography of ArTery and VEins 3D True fast imaging with steady state precession technique over a three year period. Patients with RAS >70 per cent on UMRA were subjected to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with intervention if indicated.

Results:
In all, 76 renal arteries were evaluated using UMRA in 35 patients, of which 18 arteries showed stenosis and 11 were haemodynamically significant (eight patients). Seven patients (10 renal arteries) underwent DSA.

Interpretation & conclusions:
An association between UMRA and DSA findings was obtained in six patients (nine renal arteries), and these patients were stented. Post-procedure follow up showed good improvement in blood pressure and renal function. UMRA was found to be a useful non-invasive imaging modality to detect RAS in CKD patients. It can identify patients who require further invasive angiography and revascularization.
Interlink between cholesterol & cell cycle in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Singh Govind , Sankanagoudar Shrimanjunath , Dogra Premnath , Chandra Nimai Chand 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
Earlier reports have shown hypocholesterolaemia in cancer patients and high number of lipid rafts in cancer cells. The primary objective of this study was to compare the intracellular cholesterol turnover in non-cancerous (benign) prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma prostate (CAP) with normal prostate cells obtained from patients undergoing radical cystectomy for carcinoma bladder (sham control).

Methods:
ELISA-based estimation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), evaluation of expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and cyclin E, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, measurement of integrated optical density of the diaminobenzidine (DAB)-stained immunohistograms, isolation of nucleus and cell cytoplasm from prostate tissue by ultracentrifugation followed by estimation of cholesterol spectrophotometrically in isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were performed.

Results:
Seventy five individuals, 25 for each group (BPH n=25; CAP n=25 and sham control n=25), were included in the study. Cholesterol was increased in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the prostate cancer cells along with elevated expression of LDLR. Increased cholesterol concentration in the cell nucleus was found comparable with the increased expression of cholesterol transporter viz. PBR in the prostate tumour tissues as compared to its expression in normal prostate cells obtained from individuals undergoing radical cystectomy for carcinoma bladder. Cell cycle protein cyclin E was also highly expressed in cancer tissues.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present findings along with increased expression of cell cycle protein cyclin E in the cell nucleus of the tumour tissue suggested the possibility of an intriguing role of cholesterol in the mechanism of cell cycle process of prostate cell proliferation.