bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on computational modelling of phase-transition problems
Authors: Gomez Hector , Bures Miguel , Moure Adrian 
Published: March 2019

Phase-transition problems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. They have been widely studied via theory, experiments and computations. This paper reviews the main challenges associated with computational modelling of phase-transition problems, addressing both model development and numerical discretization of the resulting equations. We focus on classical phase-transition problems, including liquid–solid, gas–liquid and solid–solid transformations. Our review has a strong emphasis on the treatment of interfacial phenomena and the phase-field method.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Thermal dependence of large-scale freckle defect formation
Authors: Kao A. , Shevchenko N. , Alexandrakis M. , Krastins I. , Eckert S. , Pericleous K. 
Published: March 2019

The fundamental mechanisms governing macroscopic freckle defect formation during directional solidification are studied experimentally in a Hele–Shaw cell for a low-melting point Ga-25 wt.% In alloy and modelled numerically in three dimensions using a microscopic parallelized Cellular Automata Lattice Boltzmann Method. The size and distribution of freckles (long solute channels, or chimneys) are shown to be strongly dependent on the thermal profile of the casting, with flat, concave and convex isotherms being considered. For the flat isotherm case, no large-scale freckles form, while for concave or convex isotherms, large freckles appear but in different locations. The freckle formation mechanism is as expected buoyancy-driven, but the chimney stability, its long-term endurance and its location are shown to depend critically on the detailed convective transport through the inter-dendritic region. Flow is generated by curved isopleths of solute concentration. As solute density is different from that of the bulk fluid, gravity causes ‘uphill’ or ‘downhill’ lateral flow from the sample centre to the edges through the mush, feeding the freckle. An excellent agreement is obtained between the numerical model and real-time X-ray observations of a solidifying sample under strictly controlled temperature conditions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Mouth Function Determines The Shape Oscillation Pattern In RegeneratingHydraTissue Spheres
Authors: Wang R. , Goel T. , Khazoyan K. , Sabry Z. , Quan H.J. , Diamond P.H. , Collins E.M.S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHydrais a small freshwater polyp capable of regeneration from small tissue pieces and from aggregates of cells. During regeneration, a hollow bilayered sphere is formed that undergoes osmotically driven shape oscillations of inflation and rupture. These oscillations are necessary for successful regeneration. Eventually, the oscillating sphere breaks rotational symmetry along the future head-foot axis of the animal. Notably, the shape oscillations show an abrupt shift from large amplitude, long period oscillations to small amplitude, short period oscillations. It has been widely accepted that this shift in oscillation pattern is linked to symmetry breaking and axis formation. However, recent work showed that regenerating tissue pieces inherit the parent animal’s body axis and thus are asymmetric from the beginning. Thus, there is no mechanistic explanation for the observed shift in oscillation pattern and no clear understanding of its significance forHydraregeneration. Usingin vivomanipulation and imaging, we quantified the shape oscillation dynamics and dissected the timing and triggers of the pattern shift. Our experiments demonstrate that the shift in the shape oscillation pattern in regeneratingHydratissue pieces is caused by the formation of a functional mouth, thereby linking morphological readouts to physiologically relevant events during regeneration. This study shows the power of using modern experimental techniques to revisit old questions in pattern formation and development.
The Marginal Cells of theCaenorhabditis elegansPharynx Scavenge Cholesterol and Other Hydrophobic Small Molecules
Authors: Kamal Muntasir , Moshiri Houtan , Magomedova Lilia , Han Duhyun , Nguyen Ken CQ , Yeo May , Knox Jess , Bagg Rachel , Won Amy M. , Szlapa Karolina , Yip Christopher , Cummins Carolyn L. , Hall David H. , Roy Peter J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe nematode wormCaenorhabditis elegansis a bacterivore filter feeder. Through the contraction of the worm’s pharynx, a bacterial suspension is sucked into the pharynx’s lumen. Excess liquid is then shunted out of the buccal cavity through ancillary channels that are made from specialized pharyngeal cells called marginal cells. Through the characterization of our library of worm-bioactive small molecules (a.k.a.wactives), we found that more than one third of wactives visibly accumulate inside of the marginal cells as crystals or globular spheres. Wactives that visibly accumulate are typically more hydrophobic than those that do not. To understand why wactives accumulate specifically in marginal cells, we performed a forward genetic screen for mutants that resist the lethality associated with one crystallizing wactive. We identified a presumptive sphingomyelin-synthesis pathway that is necessary for crystal and sphere accumulation. Sphingomyelin is a phospholipid that is enriched in the outer leaflet of the plasma membranes of most metazoans. We find that the predicted terminal enzyme of this pathway, sphingomyelin synthase 5 (SMS-5), is expressed in the pharynx, contributes to sphingomyelin abundance, and that its expression in marginal cells is sufficient for wactive accumulation. We also find that the expression of SMS-5 in the marginal cells is necessary for the proper absorption of exogenous cholesterol, without whichC. eleganscannot develop. We conclude that the sphingomyelin-rich plasma membrane of the marginal cells acts as a sink to scavenge important hydrophobic nutrients from the filtered liquid that might otherwise be shunted back into the environment.One sentence summaryThe anterior pharynx ofC. elegansis a Sink for Hydrophobic Small Molecules
WITHDRAWN: Genomic decoding of neuronal depolarization by stimulus-specific NPAS4 heterodimers
Authors: Stefano Brigidi G. , Hayes Michael G. B. , Hartzell Andrea L. , Texari Lorane , Lin Pei-Ann , Bartlett Anna , Ecker Joseph R , Benner Christopher , Heinz Sven , Bloodgood Brenda L. 
Published: March 2019

WITHDRAWAL STATEMENTThis manuscript has been withdrawn after a formal request from The Office of Research Integrity of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, with the support of the corresponding author, Brenda Bloodgood. More information can be found athttps://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-brigidi-gian-stefano.
Antitumor Activities and Cellular Changes Induced by TrkB Inhibition in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Thomaz Amanda , de Vargas Pinheiro Kelly , Souza Bárbara Kunzler , Gregianin Lauro , Brunetto Algemir L. , Brunetto André T. , de Farias Caroline Brunetto , da Cunha Jaeger Mariane , Ramaswamy Vijay , Nör Carolina , Taylor Michael D. , Roesler Rafael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeurotrophins are critically involved in regulating in normal neural development and plasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that acts by binding to the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor, has also been implicated in the progression of several types of cancer. However, its role in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common type of malignant brain tumor afflicting children, remains unclear. Here we show that selective TrkB inhibition with the small molecule compound ANA-12 impaired proliferation and viability of human UW228 and D283 MB cells. These effects were accompanied by increased apoptosis, reduced extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, increased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and differential modulation of p21 expression dependent on the cell line. In addition, MB cells treated with ANA-12 showed morphological alterations consistent with differentiation, increased levels of the neural differentiation marker β-III Tubulin (TUBB3), and reduced expression of the stemness marker Nestin. Finally, TrkB inhibition was able to slow the growth of MB tumors xenografted into nude mice. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that selective TrkB inhibition can display consistent anticancer effects in MB, possibly by modulating intracellular signaling and gene expression related to tumor progression, apoptosis, and differentiation.
A Complex Interplay of Anionic Phospholipid Binding Regulates 3’-Phosphoinositide-Dependent-Kinase-1 Homodimer Activation
Authors: de las Heras-Martínez Gloria , Calleja Véronique , Bailly Remy , Dessolin Jean , Larijani Banafshé , Requejo-Isidro Jose 
Published: March 2019

Abstract3’-Phosphoinositide-dependent-Kinase-1 is a master regulator whereby its PI3-kinase-dependent dysregulation in human pathologies is well documented. Understanding the direct role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3and other anionic phospholipids in the regulation of PDK1 conformational dynamics and its downstream activation remains incomplete.Using advanced quantitative-time-resolved imaging, FCS and molecular modelling, we show an interplay of antagonistic binding effects of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3and other anionic phospholipids, regulating activated PDK1 homodimers. We demonstrate that phosphatidylserine maintains PDK1 in an inactive conformation. The dysregulation of the PI3K pathway affects the spatio-temporal and conformational dynamics of PDK1 and the activation of its downstream substrates.We establish an anionic-phospholipid-dependent model for PDK1 regulation, depicting the conformational dynamics of multiple homodimer states. The dysregulation of the PI3K pathway perturbs equilibrium between the PDK1 homodimer conformations. Our findings indicate that the alteration of specific basic residues of PDK1-PH domain leads to its constitutive activation, a potential significance in different types of carcinomas.
Rho-dependent control of the Citron kinase, Sticky, drives midbody ring maturation
Authors: El-amine Nour , Carim Sabrya C. , Wernike Denise , Hickson Gilles R.X. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRho-dependent proteins control assembly of the cytokinetic contractile ring (CR), yet it remains unclear how those proteins guide ring closure and how they promote subsequent formation of a stable midbody ring (MR). Citron kinase is one important component required for MR formation but its mechanisms of action and relationship with Rho are controversial. Here, we conduct a structure-function analysis of theDrosophilaCitron kinase, Sticky, in Schneider’s S2 cells. We define two separable and redundant RhoGEF/Pebble-dependent inputs into Sticky recruitment to the nascent MR and show that each input is subsequently required for retention at, and for the integrity of, the mature MR. The first input is via an actomyosin-independent interaction between Sticky and Anillin, a key scaffold also required for MR formation. The second input requires the Rho-binding domain of Sticky, whose boundaries we have defined. Collectively, these results show how MR biogenesis depends on the coordinated actions of Sticky, Anillin and Rho.
Ex vivo expansion of skeletal muscle stem cells with a novel small compound inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation
Authors: Lean Graham , Halloran Matt , Mariscal Oceane , Jamet Solene , Lumb Jean-Phillip , Crist Colin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegeneration of adult tissues requires the activity of rare, mitotically quiescent somatic stem cells. These features are illustrated by the muscle stem cell (MuSC), also known as the satellite cell for its satellite position underneath the basal lamina of the myofiber. Isolation of MuSCs results in their rapid activation of the myogenic program and their subsequent culture ex vivo leads to loss of stem cell regenerative capacity. These shortcomings make MuSCs difficult to study, manipulate and prevent cell based therapies. We have previously shown that muscle stem cells (MuSCs) require tightly regulated protein synthesis through the phosphorylation of eIF2α. Sal003, an analog of salubrinal that blocks eIF2α dephosphorylation, promotes ex vivo expansion of MuSCs retaining regenerative capacity after engraftment into the Dmdmdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.METHODSSince micromolar concentrations of sal003 (10μM) are required to expand MuSCs ex vivo, we undertook a structure relations study to identify novel sal003 analogs with efficacy at lower concentrations. We demonstrate ex vivo expansion of MuSCs isolated from wild-type and mdx mice using new compounds, and use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to restore dystrophin expression in cultured MuSCs.RESULTSHere, we have synthesized and screened chemical analogs of sal003 to identify a novel compound promoting the ex vivo expansion of MuSCs. The novel compound expands wild-type and mdx MuSCs more efficiently than sal003 and also prolongs culture of primary myoblasts from isolated MuSCs.CONCLUSIONSWe identify a novel sal003 analog, C10, with increased potency at lower concentrations. Culture conditions including sal003 or C10 can extend culture of primary myoblasts from isolated MuSCs, which we predict will enable their further study, genetic manipulation and cell based therapies.
Host country experience, institutional distance and location choice of Chinese MNEs
Authors: Quer Diego , Rienda Laura , Andreu Rosario , Miao Si 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe conventional wisdom suggests that the lack of prior host country-specific experience and a higher institutional distance deter multinational enterprises (MNEs) from entering a foreign country. However, past studies report that Chinese MNEs show an unconventional risk-taking behavior choosing foreign locations, where they have no prior experience or there is an increased institutional distance. Drawing on the institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to argue that Chinese Government official visits to the host country may act as a risk-reduction device, thus providing an explanation for such an unconventional behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop two hypotheses regarding how Chinese Government official visits moderate the impact of host country-specific experience and institutional distance on the location choice of Chinese MNEs. The authors test the hypotheses using a sample of investment location decisions by Chinese MNEs in Latin America.FindingsThe authors find that government official visits mitigate the lack of firm’s prior host country experience. However, only high-level government visits reduce institutional distance.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the international business literature by analyzing how home country government diplomatic activities may pave the way of host country institutional environment for foreign MNEs from that home country. In addition, the authors provide an additional explanation for the unconventional risk-taking behavior of Chinese MNEs. Finally, the authors also contribute to a better understanding of the decision-making process of emerging-market MNEs entering other emerging economies.
The Gadamerian hermeneutics for a mesoeconomic analysis of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Settembre Blundo Davide , Maramotti Politi Anna Lucia , Fernández del Hoyo Alfonso Pedro , García Muiña Fernando Enrique 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of a hermeneutic-based approach as innovative way to study the Cultural Heritage management in a mesoeconomic space.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper builds a theoretical framework based on the analysis of relevant literature in the field of cultural economics, heritage economics and conservation and restoration techniques. Then, after having defined the conceptual hypothesis, a hermeneutical interpretative model is designed for the analysis of the processes of Cultural Heritage management with particular regard to the strategies of stakeholder engagement.

Findings
The research shows how the mesoeconomic space is that border area where it is possible to solve more easily the conflicts that arise as a result of the different expectations of stakeholders. Hermeneutical analysis, applied in iterative form, allows us to find common connections, points of contact and convergences between the interpretative horizons of the various stakeholders.

Practical implications
The application of the interpretative model allows the identification of the expectations of stakeholders, improving the knowledge of the tangible and intangible attributes of works of art, in order to design appropriate interventions of restoration, conservation and valorization.

Social implications
The new model of analysis, based on hermeneutic methodology, is designed to understand and describe the social and economic relations between the different stakeholders involved in the management of Cultural Heritage.

Originality/value
This paper examines for the first time the Cultural Heritage sector within the mesoeconomic area between the micro and the macroeconomy. In addition to this mesoeconomic analysis and conceptual approach, the authors introduce as methodology the economic hermeneutics that represents an innovative tool in the field of economic and business disciplines.
Do timely mental health services reduce re‐incarceration among prison releasees with severe mental illness?
Authors: Domino Marisa Elena , Gertner Alex , Grabert Brigid , Cuddeback Gary S. , Childers Trenita , Morrissey Joseph P. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether the receipt of timely mental health services is associated with changes in criminal justice interactions.Data SourcesWe used linked administrative data from Medicaid, mental health, and criminal justice settings in Washington State for persons with severe mental illness released from prison (n = 3086).Study DesignWe estimate local and average treatment effects to examine measures of criminal justice use in the year following release as a function of timely mental health services.Data Extraction MethodsMeasures of timely service and criminal justice use within 12 months postrelease were created from administrative data.Principal FindingsIndividuals receiving timely mental health services are more likely to experience prison re‐incarceration overall and specifically for technical violations 12 months postrelease. The effect of service receipt on incarceration for new charges was negative but not significant.ConclusionsThe finding that mental health services receipt is associated with increased risk of re‐incarceration due to technical violations speaks to the complexity of the relationship between mental health and criminal justice services for justice‐involved persons with severe mental illness. Further research should examine strategies at the interface of criminal justice and mental health that can improve mental health and criminal justice outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Fat and fat‐free mass of healthy Swedish children show tracking during early life, but there are differences
Authors: Forsum E , Eriksson B , Flinke E , Henriksson H , Henriksson P , Löf M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimObesity may start early in life. We investigated relationships between size and body composition variables in infancy and at 4 years of age using valid estimates of body composition. The results were compared to those obtained when body mass index (BMI) was used to estimate body fatness at 4 years.MethodsUsing air displacement plethysmography, size, fat mass and fat‐free mass were studied, between 2007 and 2015, in 253 full‐term healthy Swedish children at 1 week, 12 weeks and 4 years of age.ResultsPositive associations between variables in infancy and at 4 years were found at 1 and 12 weeks for weight, height, BMI, fat‐free mass and fat‐free mass index (p ≤ 0.002) and for fat mass, per cent body fat and fat mass index (p ≤ 0.04) at 12 weeks. Fat mass gained during infancy correlated positively (p ≤ 0.031) with per cent fat mass, fat mass index and BMI, all at 4 years. In girls, gains in fat‐free mass during infancy correlated with BMI (p = 0.0005) at 4 years.ConclusionThe results provide information regarding body composition trajectories during early life and demonstrate limitations of BMI as a proxy for body fatness when relating early weight gain to variables, relevant for later obesity risk.
A latent growth curve analysis of precursor cognitive abilities and academic achievement
Authors: Moxley‐Paquette Elizabeth A. , Burkholder Gary J. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundLanguage‐based cognitive fitness describes the ability to carry out cognitive tasks with vigour and alertness, to learn, and to adapt.AimsThe purpose of this research was to test the efficacy of a brain fitness training programme to better understand the role played by three precursor abilities for language‐based cognitive development—verbal reasoning, visual synthesis, and active analysis—and their impact on academic achievement.SampleThe sample included 92 children from a private school designed to deliver a prescriptive educational model for the spectrum of challenged, average, and gifted students.MethodStudents completed cognitive tests at entry to the program and at the end of each academic year. Students completed daily brain‐based exercises. Associative latent variable growth curve modelling using Mplus was used to test growth in all variables. Bayesian estimation analysis was used for missing data imputation. Age and baseline cognitive ability were included as covariates.ResultsModel fit was excellent, χ2(104) = 115.98, p = .20, (χ2/df) = 1.11, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.05. Students who started with the lowest ability levels initially grew faster than those students with higher initial two‐wave performance levels consistent with a closing of an ability gap. This had a lagged effect on achievement that accelerated in growth after the first 2 years.ConclusionsResults provide evidence for the importance of interventions that focus on strengthening precursor cognitive abilities directly involved with language and mathematics achievement.
How we manage haemostasis during sepsis
Authors: Scully Marie , Levi Marcel 
Published: March 2019

SummarySepsis may be associated with activation of the coagulation system and, in its most severe form, may result in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Initially, there is thrombosis primarily affecting small and medium sized vessels and contributing to organ dysfunction, but continued activation results in consumption of coagulation factors. This results in prolongation of global coagulation parameters. Often thrombocytopenia is the initial feature in sepsis, which may be followed by prolongation of global coagulation assays, and in severe cases, associated with hypofibrinogenaemia, with overactivation of the fibrinolytic path. The end result is a bleeding phenotype. Scoring systems can be used to help identify patients at risk of DIC and aid in confirming a diagnosis of DIC utilising routine laboratory parameters. Discussion includes medical and blood product support of haemostasis, from thrombotic to bleeding states, in relation to sepsis trigger.