bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analyzing the likely cross‐species responses to climate change
Authors: Ortega Jean C. G. , Machado Nathália , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Rangel Thiago F. , Araújo Miguel B. , Loyola Rafael , Bini Luis Mauricio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEcological Niche Models (ENMs) have different performances in predicting potential geographic distributions. Here we meta‐analyzed the likely effects of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of 1,205 bird species from the Neotropical region, modeled using eight ENMs and three Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCM). We considered the variability in ENMs performance to estimate a weighted mean difference between potential geographic distributions for baseline and future climates. On average, potential future ranges were projected to be from 25.7% to 44.5% smaller than current potential ranges across species. However, we found that 0.2% to 18.3% of the total variance in range shifts occurred “within species” (i.e., owing to the use of different modeling techniques and climate models) and 81.7% to 99.8% remained between species (i.e., it could be explained by ecological correlates). Using meta‐analytical techniques akin to regression, we also showed that potential range shifts are barely predicted by bird biological traits. We demonstrated that one can combine and reduce species‐specific effects with high uncertainty in ENMs and also explore potential causes of climate change effect on species using meta‐analytical tools. We also highlight that the search for powerful correlates of climate change‐induced range shifts can be a promising line of investigation.
Temperature and stoichiometric dependence of phytoplankton traits
Authors: Hofmann Peter , Chatzinotas Antonis , Harpole W. Stanley , Dunker Susanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the links between intraspecific trait variability and environmental gradients is an important step toward unravelling the mechanisms that link species performance to environmental variation. Here, we performed a comparative, experimental study to investigate variability of cellular traits in three prokaryotic and three eukaryotic freshwater phytoplankton species along gradients of temperature and nitrogen:phosphorus ratio (N:P) in laboratory microcosms. Temperature and N:P strongly affect phytoplankton growth and are changing due to climate change and eutrophication. Metabolic theory and allometric scaling predict that smaller organisms should be favored at higher temperatures through improved metabolic uptake partly due to greater surface area to volume ratios. In addition, chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration should increase due to higher chlorophyll synthesis in response to light limitation at higher cell densities. We found that cell volume both increased and decreased with temperature, whereas intermediate N:P yielded higher growth rates and more extreme conditions yielded bigger cell volumes. Species growth responses to these gradients were distinct and not related to phylogenetic differences. Meaningfully coupled traits like the chl a fluorescence and cell volume shifted consistently and can improve our understanding of individual cell responses to abiotic drivers. This study showed that intraspecific trait variability of freshwater phytoplankton harbors potential for short term acclimation to environmental gradients. Finally, the high trait variability in some species has strong implications for their ecology and the accuracy of predictions where responses may differ when based on mean or fixed trait values.
Icaritin promotes tumor T‐cell infiltration and induces antitumor immunity in mice
Authors: Hao Haibang , Zhang Qi , Zhu Hai , Wen Yuxiang , Qiu Ding , Xiong Jian , Fu Xiaolan , Wu Yuzhang , Meng Kun , Li Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIcaritin, a hydrolytic product of icariin isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine genus Epimedium, has many pharmacological and biological activities. Here, we show that icaritin can effectively decrease tumor burden of murine B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal tumors in a T‐cell dependent manner. The treatment effects are associated with increased CD8 T‐cell infiltration and increased effector memory T‐cell frequency. In vivo depletion of CD8 T cell using an anti‐CD8 monoclonal antibody abolished the antitumor effect, which supports the critical role of CD8 T cells during icaritin treatment. By analyzing immune cells in the tumor tissue, we found reduced frequency of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid‐derived suppression cells (MDSCs) infiltration and downregulation of PD‐L1 expression on MDSCs after icaritin treatment. This was not limited to MDSCs, as icaritin also decreased the expression of PD‐L1 on neutrophils. Importantly, the combination of anti‐PD‐1/CTLA‐4 and icaritin significantly enhances antitumor ability and increases the efficacy of either treatment alone. Our findings reveal that icaritin induces antitumor immunity in a CD8 T‐cell‐dependent way and justify further investigation of combining immune checkpoint therapy to icaritin‐based antitumor therapy.
Microbial Synthesis of Nonionic Long‐Chain Sophorolipid Emulsifiers Obtained from Fatty Alcohol and Mixed Lipid Feeding
Authors: Zerhusen Christian , Bollmann Timo , Gödderz Andreas , Fleischer Peter , Glüsen Birgit , Schörken Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStarmerella bombicola is known to produce sub‐terminally hydroxylated lactonic sophorolipids (SLs), while Candida kuoi synthesizes acidic open chain SLs with terminally hydroxylated fatty acids. Upon feeding glucose and fatty alcohols both strains form long‐chain nonionic SLs. According to structure elucidation the SLs consist of a hydroxylated fatty acid esterified with fatty alcohol and linked via a glycoside bond to the diacetylated sophorose unit. Palmityl, stearyl, and oleyl alcohols lead to products with lipid chain lengths of C32 or C36. Oleyl alcohol is the preferred substrate leading to 45 g L−1 of the double unsaturated C36 SL with S. bombicola and 20 g L−1 with C. kuoi. Scale up from shake flask to 1.5 L fermentations is possible and 65 g L−1 long‐chain SLs are obtained with S. bombicola within 7 days. Mixed feeding of oleic acid and a variety of fatty alcohols leads to new long‐chain SLs. In the presence of oleic acid the yeasts do not oxidize the fatty alcohol and thus the production of biosurfactants with tailored chain length is possible. The long‐chain SLs show good emulsification ability of water/paraffin oil mixtures at low energy input and reduced interfacial tension significantly.Practical Applications: Sophorolipids are produced by fermentation on industrial scale focusing on cleaning and detergent applications. Mainly lactonic or anionic open‐chain forms are used today. The new long‐chain SLs presented in this manuscript are accessible with existing production technology and can be produced with high titers from cost‐efficient renewable raw materials. In contrast to the commercial products the long‐chain SLs are more hydrophobic and exhibit a strong emulsification behavior. Therefore they have the potential to broaden the application range of SLs in future. They may be useful as novel emulsifiers for cosmetic creams and lotions, pharmaceutical ointments and food products or may find application in oil spill remediation.
Cardiac Lipid Metabolism Is Modulated by Casimiroa edulis and Crataegus pubescens Aqueous Extracts in High Fat and Fructose (HFF) Diet‐Fed Obese Rats
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Iza F. , González‐Dávalos María L. , Mora Ofelia , Silva Isaac , Gallegos‐Corona Marco A. , Guzmán‐Maldonado Salvador H. , Reynoso‐Camacho Rosalía 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aim to evaluate the effect of Casimiroa edulis and Crataegus pubescens aqueous extracts on cardiac lipotoxicity in obese rats. Both extracts decrease cardiac hypertrophy and steatosis in high fat and fructose (HFF)‐diet‐fed obese rats. C. pubescens decreases the cardiac content of 16 and 18 carbon‐length fatty acids, whereas C. edulis extract does not alter the fatty acid profile. Regarding lipotoxic compounds, C. pubescens reduces the cardiac content of 16 and 18 carbon‐length ceramides and diacylglycerols, whereas C. edulis extract reduces ≥20 carbon‐length lipotoxic compounds. Both extracts down‐regulate fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (Acaca) (lipogenesis), glyceril‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat) (diacylglycerol synthesis) and serine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Spt1) (ceramide synthesis), and up‐regulate carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1) and acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (Acadm) (β‐oxidation), and the greatest effect is observed with C. pubescens. In addition, C. edulis exerts the greatest cardiac anti‐inflammatory activity, whereas C. pubescens shows the highest cardiac antioxidant activity. The cardioprotective effect of C. pubescens may be associated with its content of (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, (+)‐catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and β‐campesterol, whereas the beneficial effect of C. edulis may be related to its high content of steroidal saponins and alkaloids. Therefore, these results demonstrate that both herbal aqueous extracts ameliorate cardiac lipotoxicity in HFF‐diet‐fed rats, and C. pubescens exerts a greater beneficial effect.Practical Applications: This study proposes the characterization of fatty acids and lipotoxic compounds (ceramides and diacylglycerols) of cardiac tissue in combination with the determination of the expression of specific genes related to lipid metabolism to identify the mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effects of herbal extracts. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the cardioprotective potential of Casimiroa edulis and Crataegus pubescens aqueous extracts through the modulation of cardiac lipid metabolism in high fat and fructose diet fed obese rats. Therefore, these herbs can be used for the development of functional beverages or the extraction of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective effect.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characterization of Veiled Extra Virgin Olive Oil Turbidity for Degradation Risk Assessment
Authors: Breschi Carlotta , Guerrini Lorenzo , Domizio Paola , Ferraro Giovanni , Calamai Luca , Canuti Valentina , Masella Piernicola , Parenti Alessandro , Fratini Emiliano , Fia Giovanna , Zanoni Bruno 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSix different 300 kg batches of olive fruits are processed and the resulting six 20 kg batches of oil are collected at the end of the “decanter.” These batches of oil are subjected to four different water and solid particle separation treatments so as to obtain the following oil samples: veiled oil, filtered oil, “solid particle‐only” oil, and “water‐only” oil. The applied separation treatments show that water content has an important role in the degree of turbidity. High water content values (>0.2% w/w) are related to water activity values of >0.6 which are suitable for chemical and enzymatic reactions. The veiled oil samples are contaminated by microorganisms, but non‐proportional behavior occurs between the microbial cell count and the water and solid particle contents.Practical Applications: The results of this study recommend a multi‐approach method to characterize turbidity, based on control markers such as the degree of turbidity, water content and water activity, solid particle content, microbial contamination, and phenolic compound content. In this way, each degree of turbidity can be associated with a different level of risk of veiled extra virgin olive oil degradation during shelf life.
Preparation of n‐3 Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylglycerol from Salmon Roe Lipids by Phospholipase D and In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Chen Liping , Beppu Fumiaki , Miyashita Kazuo , Hosokawa Masashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a highly functional phospholipid (PL), which has many physiological functions. However, naturally occurring PG binding n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) is low in content, resulting in a scarcity of industrial bio‐resources of n‐3 PUFA enriched PG. The current study investigates the preparation of salmon roe PG (SRPG) from three types of salmon roe lipids and glycerol via phospholipase D (PLD)‐mediated transphosphatidylation. The yields of SRPG obtained from salmon roe total lipid (SRTL) and salmon roe PL (SRPL) are higher than those obtained from purified salmon roe phosphatidylcholine (SRPC) in aqueous system. Following a 24 h reaction with 0.75 U PLD, SRTL, and SRPL yield up to 96.4 mol% and 96.7 mol% SRPG, respectively. In addition, more fatty acids are released from synthesized SRPG via hydrolysis by pancreatic enzymes than from SRPC and soybean PC in in vitro digestion model. Fatty acids at the sn‐2 position of SRPG are completely liberated by 0.04 U of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) during a 6 h reaction, whereas fatty acids of SRPC are partially unhydrolyzed even after a 24 h reaction. Our results suggest that SRPG converted from salmon lipids by PLD is a functional PL with high bioavailability of n‐3 PUFAs.Practical Applications: Phosphatidylglycerol rich in n‐3 PUFAs is prepared from salmon roe lipids (SRPG) catalyzed by PLD. The SRPG yields reach 96.4 mol% and 96.7 mol% of phosphatidylcholine contained in SRTL and SRPL, respectively, in aqueous reaction system. Fatty acids rich in n‐3 PUFAs at sn‐2 position of prepared SRPG are rapidly liberated by PLA2 in an in vitro digestion model.
A systematic review of IoT communication strategies for an efficient smart environment
Authors: Souri Alireza , Hussien Aseel , Hoseyninezhad Mahdi , Norouzi Monire 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe massive increase in actuators, industrial devices, health care devices, and sensors, has led to the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), fast and flexible information technology communication between the devices. As such, responding to the needs in speedily way, and matching the smart services with modified requirements, IoT communications have facilitated the interconnections of things between applications, users, and smart devices in order to gain extra advantage of the numerous services of the Internet. In this paper, the authors first provided a comprehensive analysis on the IoT communication strategies and applications for smart devices based on a systematic literature review. Then, the communication strategies and applications are categorized into four main topics including device‐to‐device, device‐to‐cloud, device‐to‐gateway, and device‐to‐application scenarios. Furthermore, a technical taxonomy is presented to classify the existing papers according to search‐based methodology in the scientific databases. The technical taxonomy presents five categories for IoT communication applications including monitoring‐based communications, routing‐based communications, health‐based communications, intrusion‐based communications, and resource‐based communications. The evaluation factors and infrastructure attributes are discussed based on some technical questions. Finally, some new challenges and forthcoming issues of future IoT communications are presented.
Compensatorytrans-regulatory alleles minimizing variation inTDH3expression are common withinSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Metzger Brian P. H. , Wittkopp Patricia J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeritable variation in gene expression is common within species. Much of this variation is due to genetic differences outside of the gene with altered expression and is trans-acting. This trans-regulatory variation is often polygenic, with individual variants typically having small effects, making the genetic architecture and evolution of trans-regulatory variation challenging to study. Consequently, key questions about trans-regulatory variation remain, including the variability of trans-regulatory variation within a species, how selection affects trans-regulatory variation, and how trans-regulatory variants are distributed throughout the genome and within a species. To address these questions, we isolated and measured trans-regulatory differences affecting TDH3 promoter activity among 56 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, finding that trans-regulatory backgrounds varied approximately twofold in their effects on TDH3 promoter activity. Comparing this variation to neutral models of trans-regulatory evolution based on empirical measures of mutational effects revealed that despite this variability in the effects of trans-regulatory backgrounds, stabilizing selection has constrained trans-regulatory differences within this species. Using a powerful quantitative trait locus mapping method, we identified ∼100 trans-acting expression quantitative trait locus in each of three crosses to a common reference strain, indicating that regulatory variation is more polygenic than previous studies have suggested. Loci altering expression were located throughout the genome, and many loci were strain specific. This distribution and prevalence of alleles is consistent with recent theories about the genetic architecture of complex traits. In all mapping experiments, the nonreference strain alleles increased and decreased TDH3 promoter activity with similar frequencies, suggesting that stabilizing selection maintained many trans-acting variants with opposing effects. This variation may provide the raw material for compensatory evolution and larger scale regulatory rewiring observed in developmental systems drift among species.
Lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Seok Jungirl , Lee Doh Young , Kim Won Shik , Jeong Woo‐Jin , Chung Eun‐Jae , Jung Young Ho , Kwon Seong Keun , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Sung Myung‐Whun , Ahn Soon‐Hyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDistant metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is most commonly identified in the lung, but risk factors are still on debate.MethodsRisk factors for lung metastasis were evaluated by using Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsOf 112 patients, 48% had distant metastasis; 94.4% of whom had lung metastasis. Univariable analysis revealed sublingual or minor salivary gland, tumor size ≥2.5 cm, and perineural invasion as risk factors (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.99 [1.02–3.91], 2.57 [1.19–5.58], and 2.46 [1.28–4.74], respectively), whereas size, perineural invasion, and local recurrence were risk factors in multivariable analysis (HR: 2.29 [1.05–4.96], 2.32 [1.09–4.96], and 2.68 [1.24–5.79], respectively).ConclusionSublingual gland or minor salivary glands ACC has a higher risk of lung metastasis. If the site is not considered, the following factors increased the risk of lung metastasis; (a) size ≥2.5 cm, (b) perineural invasion, and (c) local recurrence.
Mixed Fibrinolytic Phenotypes in Decompensated Cirrhosis and Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure with Hypofibrinolysis in Those With Complications and Poor Survival
Authors: Blasi Annabel , Patel Vishal C. , Adelmeijer Jelle , Azarian Sarah , Hernandez Tejero Maria , Calvo Andrea , Fernández Javier , Bernal William , Lisman Ton 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Patients with liver disease acquire complex changes in their hemostatic system, which results in a fragile rebalanced status. The status of the fibrinolytic system is controversial, as is the role of fibrinolytic dysfunction in bleeding and thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis. Here, we aimed to determine fibrinolytic status and its relationship with outcome in acutely ill patients with cirrhosis.

Approach and Results
We assessed plasma fibrinolytic potential in a large cohort of patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis (AD, n = 52) or acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF, n = 57). Compared with 40 healthy volunteers, median clot lysis times (CLTs) were shorter in patients with AD but comparable to controls in patients with ACLF. However, the variability in CLTs in patients was much larger than in healthy controls, and in both patient groups, a proportion of patients had clearly prolonged or shortened CLTs. The variability in CLTs in patients was not readily explained by variations in plasma levels of key fibrinolytic proteins. However, CLTs were clearly related to clinical characteristics, with longer CLTs in patients with sepsis and patients with any organ failure (as defined by the European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Disease organ failure scores). CLTs were not different between patients that did or did not experience bleeding or a thrombotic event during follow‐up. Baseline CLTs were substantially longer in patients that died within 30 days of admission.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a mixed fibrinolytic phenotype in acutely ill patients with cirrhosis with baseline hypofibrinolysis associated with sepsis, organ failure, and short‐term mortality. These associations may be explained by defective clearance of intraorgan microthrombi that have been proposed to drive organ failure.
The “eyes have it,” but when in development?: The importance of a developmental perspective in our understanding of behavioral memory formation and the hippocampus
Authors: Edgin Jamie O. , Liu Yating , Hughes Katharine , Spanò Goffredina , Clark Caron A. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLynn Nadel has been a trailblazer in memory research for decades. In just one example, Nadel and Zola‐Morgan [Infantile amnesia, In Infant memory, Springer, Boston, MA, 1984, pp. 145–172] were the first to present the provocative notion that the extended development of the hippocampus may underlie the period of infantile amnesia. In this special issue of Hippocampus to honor Lynn Nadel, we review some of his major contributions to the field of memory development, with an emphasis on his observations that behavioral memory assessments follow an uneven, yet protracted developmental course. We present data emphasizing this point from memory‐related eye movements [Hannula & Ranganath, Neuron, 2009, 63(5), 592–599]. Eye tracking is a sensitive behavioral measure, allowing for an indication of memory function even without overt responses, which is seemingly ideal for the investigation of memory in early childhood or in other nonverbal populations. However, the behavioral manifestation of these eye movements follows a U‐shaped trajectory—and one that must be understood before these indictors could be broadly used as a marker of memory. We examine the change in preferential looking time to target stimuli in school‐aged children and adults, and compare these eye movement responses to explicit recall measures. Our findings indicate change in the nature and timing of these eye movements in older children, causing us to question how 6‐month‐old infants may produce eye movements that initially appear to have the same properties as those measured in adulthood. We discuss these findings in the context of our current understanding of memory development, particularly the period of infantile amnesia.