bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostasis stimulates lymphangiogenesis through release and activation of VEGFC
Authors: Lim Lillian , Bui Hung , Farrelly Olivia , Yang Jisheng , Li Li , Enis David , Ma Wanshu , Chen Mei , Oliver Guillermo , Welsh John D. , Kahn Mark L. 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Platelet activation supports lymphatic vessel growth during wound healing through release of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGFC. Thrombin and plasmin support lymphatic vessel growth through proteolytic activation of the lymphangiogenic factors VEGFC and VEGFD.
Ensuring sustainability in plastics use in Africa: consumption, waste generation, and projections
Authors: Babayemi Joshua O. , Nnorom Innocent C. , Osibanjo Oladele , Weber Roland 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Currently, plastic is at the top of the international agenda for waste management. Recent meetings of the Conferences of the Parties to the Basel and the Stockholm Conventions have expressed concerns over the impact of plastic waste, marine plastic litter, and microplastics, and emphasised the importance of reducing consumption and ensuring the environmentally sound management of waste plastics. This study presents the first continental historical analysis of mass importation and consumption of different polymers and plastics (primary and secondary forms, respectively) in Africa and the associated pollution potential. We identified, collated and synthesised dispersed international trade data on the importation of polymers and plastics into several African countries.

Results
The 33 African countries (total population of 856,671,366) with available data for more than 10 years imported approximately 86.14 Mt of polymers in primary form and 31.5 Mt of plastic products between 1990 and 2017. Extrapolating to the continental level (African population of 1.216 billion in 54 countries), about 172 Mt of polymers and plastics valued at $285 billion were imported between 1990 and 2017. Considering also the components of products, an estimated 230 Mt of plastics entered Africa during that time period, with the largest share going to Egypt (43 Mt, 18.7%), Nigeria (39 Mt, 17.0%), South Africa (27 Mt, 11.7%), Algeria (26 Mt, 11.3%), Morocco (22 Mt, 9.6%), and Tunisia (16 Mt, 7.0%). Additionally, primary plastic production in 8 African countries contributed 15 Mt during 2009–2015. The assessment showed that environmentally sound end-of-life management of waste plastics by recycling and energy recovery is in its infancy in Africa, but recycling activities and thermal recovery have started in a few countries.

Conclusions
Globally, the perception is that production and consumption of plastics can only increase in the future. Solutions are needed to tackle this global challenge. Certain policies and plastic bag bans could help reduce plastic consumption in the near future, as demonstrated by Rwanda. Furthermore, there is a need for innovative solutions such as the introduction of biodegradable polymers and other alternatives, especially for packaging.
Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses
Authors: Kim Kyeongnam , Lee Yong Ho , Kim Gayoung , Lee Byung-Ho , Yang Jeong-Oh , Lee Sung-Eun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.
Hepatoprotective studies on methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata and development of qualitative analytical profile for the bioactive extract
Authors: Pallerla Praneetha , Yellu Narsimha Reddy , Bobbala Ravi Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata (LC) and development of qualitative analytical profile of the bioactive fraction using HPLC fingerprinting analysis. All the fractions of methanolic extract of Lindernia ciliata (LCME) are assessed for their total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties by using DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Acute toxicity study was conducted for all the fractions and the two test doses 50 and 100 mg/kg were selected for the hepatoprotective study. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 3 g/kg.b.w.p.o. paracetamol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and histology of liver of rats. The effective fraction was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic activity against D-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and in vivo antioxidant parameters viz., Glutathione (GSH), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) levels are estimated using liver homogenate.

Results
Among all the fractions, butanone fraction of LCME, (BNF-LCME) has shown better hepatoprotective activity and hence it is selected to evaluate the antihepatotoxicity against D-GaIN. The activity of BNF-LCME is well supported in in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies and may be attributed to flavonoidal, phenolic compounds present in the fraction. Hence, BNF-LCME was subjected to the development of qualitative analytical profile using HPLC finger printing analysis.

Conclusions
All the fractions of LCME exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and BNF-LCME (50 mg/kg) was identified as the most effective fraction.
Outcomes of Older Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With a CDK4/6 Inhibitor and an Aromatase Inhibitor: An FDA Pooled Analysis
Authors: Howie Lynn J. , Singh Harpreet , Bloomquist Erik , Wedam Suparna , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Tang Shenghui , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Sanchez Jacqueline , Prowell Tatiana M. , Kluetz Paul G. , King-Kallimanis Belinda L. , Gao Jennifer J. , Ibrahim Amna , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Many older women will be treated with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor (AI), given US Food and Drug Administration approval of three agents in this class. The current pooled analysis examines the efficacy and safety of this combination in older women. PATIENTS AND METHODS We pooled data from three randomized controlled studies (N = 1,827) of different CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with an AI for initial treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer. The effect of age on progression-free survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS For patients age 75 years or older (n = 198) who were treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and an AI, hazard ratio was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.76) with an estimated median progression-free survival of 31.1 months (95% CI, 20.2 months to not reached) versus 13.7 months (95% CI, 10.9 months to 24.9 months) for those treated with an AI. Incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events was 88.8% in patients age 75 years and older and 73.4% in patients younger than age 75 years. Patients age 75 years or older reported a decline in quality-of-life measures using the EQ-5D regardless of treatment with AI alone or with the addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor. CONCLUSION There was similar efficacy with a CDK4/6 inhibitor in combination with an AI compared with AI alone for first-line treatment of hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer in older women compared with younger patients. Patients older than age 75 years experienced higher rates of toxicity, dose modifications, and a decrease from baseline in quality-of-life measures.
Diseño de una base de datos para la caracterización de los estudios de la especialización en patología de la construcción, enfocados en viviendas unifamiliares y multifamiliares en Colombia
Authors: García Páez Carlos Andrés , Granados Peñaranda Miguel Angel , Zúñiga Torres Jairo Oswaldo 
Published: October 2019

La Especialización en Patología de la Construcción de la Vicerrectoría de Universidad Abierta y a Distancia, de la Universidad Santo Tomás, es única en su área específica en Colombia; a lo largo de su actividad académica, los estudiantes han realizado proyectos de grado para diferentes tipos de edificaciones y de obras civiles, dichos Trabajos Profesionales Integradores (TPI) tienen por finalidad restituir a la obra su función constructiva y arquitectónica inicial, para ello se analizan aspectos como capacidad resistente, integridad, forma y aspecto. Con base en el análisis de esta información se establece un diagnóstico y se proponen unas alternativas técnicamente fundamentadas para la reparación, si esta fuere posible; a fin de organizar la información de los diferentes trabajos de grado, y como parte esencial del proyecto de investigación se requiere el diseño de una base de datos que organice y clasifique la información.
50 años de institucionalización de la licenciatura en química en Colombia: Hacia un estudio histórico necesario en la UPN
Authors: Franco-Moreno Ricardo Andrés 
Published: October 2019

A propósito de la conmemoración de los 50 años de existencia del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional y reconociendo la necesidad de analizar los procesos de institucionalización de la formación de licenciados en química en el país, a partir de indicadores como la existencia de programas de formación específica en el área, en este artículo se presentan parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación documental orientado al análisis histórico de la dinámica de programas de Licenciatura en Química y en campos científicos relacionados con esta disciplina en el país, durante el periodo 1970-2019[1]. Previo mapeo de la situación de programas de formación de profesores de química en Latinoamérica y el caribe, el estudio documental se realizó rastreando información sobre los programas de formación disponibles en las bases de datos del Sistema Nacional de Información sobre la Educación Superior – SNIES y del análisis de documentos propios de dichos programas, orientando así la ruta metodológica para el necesario estudio del programa de Licenciatura en Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Se concluye que en Colombia la formación de licenciados en química ha convocado la atención de instituciones oficiales y privadas, especialmente durante las décadas de 1970, 1980 y 1990, disminuyendo paulatinamente los programas de formación en este campo durante las casi dos décadas que han transcurrido del siglo XXI.

[1] Parte del contenido del artículo corresponde al proyecto de tesis doctoral en el marco del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Educación, RUDECOLOMBIA– UPTC.
Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Yun John T. 
Published: September 2019

This paper explores multiple logics of accountability by examining patterns of control of various school functions under different accountability systems. Research has shown that accountability is a global phenomenon, but how accountability is understood and enacted is locally contextualized, which implies the existence of multiple logics of accountability in practice. By linking theoretical arguments rooted in literature to empirical evidence observed in TALIS 2013, we aim to theorize logics of accountability and then demonstrate the existence of those logics across countries. We first developed a framework of logics of accountability: control-based, professional-based, test-based, and process-based accountability. We then empirically analyzed three types of control—external, internal, and mixed control—at the school level across countries and within four content areas—assessment, human resource, curriculum, and budget—to infer how each country consistently follows a logic of accountability in their schooling practices. We found that a few countries followed a relatively pure form of control-based, professional-based, and process-based logic; however, most countries followed mixed-forms of logic. Our findings provide a systematic approach for the mapping of accountability logics across countries and suggest that more thought should be paid to how the underlying logic of accountability should manifest across these different functions.
Unité et pluralité de l’espace mathématique chez Leibniz
Authors: Debuiche Valérie , Rabouin David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the possibility of accepting a plurality of spaces in Leibniz – a question which was already tackled by Yvon Belaval and Nicolas Rescher, both of whom answered it positively. Starting from a famous passage in the Principes de la Nature et de la Grâce where God is said to have chosen a world “with terrain, place, and time arranged in the best way possible”, we ask ourselves whether this implies that God chooses amongst a variety of spatial settings and, if so, whether this variety would imply a plurality of spaces. We recall a first existing solution to this issue, which consists in distinguishing between an “abstract” and a “concrete” space. After a quick survey of the many variants of this interpretation, we demonstrate that this disctinction is neutral, in the best case scenario, with regard to our initial problem. We then confront the question of the necessity of geometrical truths – which are, for Leibniz, eternal truths inscribed in divine understanding. At first glance, this seems to prevent the possibility of a plurality of geometries (i. e. of spatial structures endowed with incompatible properties). We show that this is not the case and that one must pay attention to the “conditional” nature of geometrical truths, which Leibniz insists upon in some places and which appears compatible with their being absolutly necessary. Finally, we confront the results of the two preceding sections with the current knowledge on the project of an analysis situs. We put particular emphasis on the way in which metaphysical principles were put forward by Leibniz in the elaboration of his geometry.
Central edema in critically ill neonates
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , van Houten John P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We reviewed our cases of central edema defined as scalp/facial- and/or truncal edema or anasarca (Ana) hoping to identify prognostic factors that could aid in discussions of futility of care.

Case presentation
This study was a retrospective chart review of all cases of central edema in our community level-3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2006 and 2019. A total of 19 patients with central edema were found. In 6/19 the etiology was due to chylous losses and in 13/19 inflammation was believed to be the major cause. Outcome was known in 17 cases and only 41% survived. Among the survivors, 86% had a gestational age greater than 34 weeks and the edema resolved in less than 2 weeks in the majority. Fifty-nine percent of the patients expired. In those that expired, 80% were born at 30 weeks’ gestation or less and the duration of edema exceeded 2 weeks in all cases and 4 weeks in 60% of the subjects.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first retrospective study of the outcome of central edema in a neonatal population and the results can be useful when discussing futility of care in cases of severe and long-standing or worsening edema not responding to medical management.
Correlation between vitamin D and blood pressure in adolescents
Authors: Fonseca Valle Débora , Giannini Denise Tavares 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLow serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with hypertension worldwide. Hypovitaminosis D has been observed even in countries with high incidence of sunlight all year round. Several studies demonstrated a high prevalence of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D in adolescents.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the nutritional status of vitamin D with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in overweight adolescents.MethodsThis a descriptive and cross-sectional study with overweight adolescents of both sexes aged 12–19 years. The anthropometric data, biochemical profile, blood pressure and serum vitamin D dosage were analyzed. The chi-squared test for verification of association and Student’s t-test to compare medians between variables were used.ResultsThere were high frequencies of hypovitaminosis D (34%) and hypertension (43.3%) in overweight adolescents. We observed an inverse correlation between serum vitamin D levels and BP (r = −0.28, p = 0.005). Patients with desirable serum vitamin D had lower body mass index values (31.3 kg/m2vs. 33.9 kg/m2; p < 0.02), waist circumference (95.2 cm vs. 101.1 cm; p < 0.03), waist-to-height ratio (0.58 vs. 0.61; p < 0.03) and systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg vs. 127.6 mm Hg; p = 0.007).ConclusionsHigh frequency of vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased BP and adiposity in overweight adolescents.
On dynamical reconstruction of boundary and distributed inputs in a Schlögl equation
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The problem of reconstructing an unknown input under measuring a phase coordinates of a Schlögl equation is considered.
We propose a solving algorithm that is stable to perturbations and is based on the combination of ideas from the theory of dynamical inversion and the theory of guaranteed control.
The convergence rate of the algorithm is obtained.
New insights into the oxidation of phenoxatellurine with sulfuric acid
Authors: Mostaghimi Farzin , Bolsinger Jens , Lork Enno , Beckmann Jens 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The oxidation of phenoxatellurine (PT) with conc. H2SO4 was reinvestigated. Two crystalline products, namely [PT2][H3O](SO4H)3 (1) and [PT](SO4) (2) were isolated and fully characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 features [PT2]2+ dications giving rise to double-decker structures with two parallel PT layers that arise from dimerisation of two radical cations [PT]˙+. The [PT2]2+ dications and the hydrogensulfate ions are associated via secondary Te···O interations. The oxonium ion and the hydrogensulfate ions are involved in hydrogen bonding. The structure of 2 comprises ion pairs consisting of [PT]2+ dications and sulfate ions, which form a 2D coordination polymer. In addition, adjacent sulfate ions in the crystal lattice bind to tellurium atoms via secondary secondary Te···O interations.
European Databases on Stability and Compatibility of Injectable Medicinal Products in Europe
Authors: Hecq Jean-Daniel , Krämer Irene , Vigneron Jean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn hospitals, the majority of medication therapy is administered intravenously. Especially, in intensive care units, simultaneous of various injectable drugs is a common practice Drug incompatibilities have been reported to be associated with up to 60 % of all serious and life-threatening adverse drug events. Several databases are used by hospital pharmacists to answer the questions of (in)compatibility of co-administered injectable drugs. The objective of this article is to present the European databases on compatibility and stability of injectable drugs. According to a questionnaire which was sent to the National Hospital Pharmacy Associations of the 28 countries of European Community there are three national databases available in EU countries which are in alphabetical order, Belgium, France and Germany. The Belgian database is dedicated to injectable medications, is updated and distributed annually in French language on a USB key. STABILIS® is an international database giving information with pictograms translated into 29 languages. This database contains also monographs of non-injectable drugs. The internet-based ADKA STABIL-Datenbank is focused on anticancer drug therapy, listing detailed datasets in German language on stability and compatibility including the references.
Contamination of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station with actinide elements
Authors: Koma Yoshikazu , Murakami Erina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which is owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company, was damaged by the great earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, and serious contamination due to radioactive nuclides occurred. To investigate the waste management methodologies, contaminated materials were radiochemically analyzed. This paper reviews the analytical data concerning actinide elements. Contaminated water has accumulated in the basement of the reactor and other buildings, and actinide nuclides have been detected in this water. Actinides first get dissolved into the water inside the primary containment vessel, and then their concentration in the water decreases to a certain level with further flow. The contaminated water is chemically decontaminated; however, the actinide concentration does not decrease with time. This suggests that the actinides are continuously being supplied by the damaged fuel via slow dissolution. The dissolved transuranic (TRU) nuclides are recovered in the precipitate via a chemical treatment and are mostly removed from the water. Pu, Am, and Cm were detected in the topsoil at the site and appear to originate from the damaged fuel, whereas the detected U originates from natural sources. TRU nuclides slowly move in soil to deeper layers. The contamination of the rubble is nonuniform, and actinides are detected as well as fission products. Inside the reactor building of unit #2, the TRU nuclide concentration is comparatively higher near the boundary of the primary containment vessel, which experienced a fault during the accident. As for the vegetation, TRU nuclides were only found in fallen leaves near the reactor buildings.