bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and resilience of bald eagle roost networks
Authors: Watts Bryan D. , Dyer Rodney J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe recognition that communal roosts are important elements within the life cycle of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) led to their protection under the “disturb” clause of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. The regular roost‐switching movements of bald eagles imply that roosts are part of an interactive network where roosts represent nodes linked by birds moving between them. Network analysis holds promise for informing management decisions by assessing the effect of roost removal on the resilience of the broader network. We tracked nonbreeding bald eagles (n = 56) within the upper Chesapeake Bay (2008–2013), USA, to evaluate roost characteristics and network structure. We used midnight locations (n = 14,464) to assess the use of communal roosts (n = 212) and movement of birds among roosts (n = 2,634) on successive roost nights to evaluate the pattern and strength of connections. We performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the response of the roost network to roost loss. Structure of the roost network approximated that of a scale‐free network where the distribution of connections follows a power law of the form P(k) = Ak−γ and γ = 1.1. Unlike random networks, connections within scale‐free networks are concentrated within a few highly connected nodes (hubs). These hub roosts serve as bridges between large numbers of other roosts, have the shortest travel times to other roosts and greatest overall influence on network functioning. The effect of roost removal on overall network function was directly proportional to the connectivity of the roost being removed. The targeted removal of the majority (>90%) of roosts had very little effect on the network. Network sensitivity was high in response to the loss of roosts within the highest 10% of connectivity. This small (n = 18) subset of roosts makes a disproportionate contribution to network function and the protection of these roosts should be a stated management objective with high priority. Network analysis represents a powerful tool with the potential to inform management decisions. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Database for High Throughput Screening Hits (dHITS): a simple tool to retrieve gene specific phenotypes from systematic screens done in yeast
Authors: Chuartzman Silvia G. , Schuldiner Maya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the last decade several collections ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast strains have been created. In these collections every gene is modified in a similar manner such as by a deletion or the addition of a protein tag. Such libraries have enabled a diversity of systematic screens, giving rise to large amounts of information regarding gene functions. However, often papers describing such screens focus on a single gene or a small set of genes and all other loci affecting the phenotype of choice (‘hits’) are only mentioned in tables that are provided as supplementary material and are often hard to retrieve or search. To help unify and make such data accessible, we have created a Database of High Throughput Screening Hits (dHITS). The dHITS database enables information to be obtained about screens in which genes of interest were found as well as the other genes that came up in that screen – all in a readily accessible and downloadable format. The ability to query large lists of genes at the same time provides a platform to easily analyse hits obtained from transcriptional analyses or other screens. We hope that this platform will serve as a tool to facilitate investigation of protein functions to the yeast community.
The VFH1 (YLL056C) promoter is vanillin‐inducible and enables mRNA translation despite pronounced translation repression caused by severe vanillin stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nguyen Trinh Thi My , Ishida Yoko , Kato Sae , Iwaki Aya , Izawa Shingo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVanillin, furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are representative fermentation inhibitors generated during the pretreatment process of lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production. These biomass conversion inhibitors, particularly vanillin, are known to repress translation activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have reported that the mRNAs of ADH7 and BDH2 were efficiently translated under severe vanillin stress despite marked repression of overall protein synthesis. In this study, we found that expression of VFH1 (YLL056C) was also significantly induced at the protein level by severe vanillin stress. Additionally, we demonstrated that the VFH1 promoter enabled the protein synthesis of other genes including GFP and ALD6 under severe vanillin stress. It is known that transcriptional activation of VFH1 is induced by furfural and HMF, and we verified that Vfh1 protein synthesis was also induced by furfural and HMF. The null mutant of VFH1 delayed growth in the presence of vanillin, furfural and HMF, indicating the importance of Vfh1 for sufficient tolerance against these inhibitors. The protein levels of Vfh1 induced by the inhibitors tested were markedly higher than those of Adh7 and Bdh2, suggesting the superior utility of the VFH1 promoter over the ADH7 or BDH2 promoter for breeding optimized yeast strains for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Holographic non-equilibrium heating
Authors: Ageev D. S. , Aref’eva I. Ya. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe study the holographic entanglement entropy evolution after a global sharp quench of thermal state. After the quench, the system comes to equilibrium and the temperature increases fromTitoTf. Holographic dual of this process is provided by an injection of a thin shell of matter in the black hole background. The quantitative characteristics of the evolution depend substantially on the size of the initial black hole. We show that characteristic regimes during non-equilibrium heating do not depend on the initial temperature and are the same as in thermalization. Namely these regimes are pre-local-equilibration quadratic growth, linear growth and saturation regimes of the time evolution of the holographic entanglement entropy. We study the initial temperature dependence of quantitative characteristics of these regimes and find that the critical exponents do not depend on the temperature, meanwhile the prefactors are the functions on the temperature.
Je ne suis pas Catherine Deneuve. Reflections on contemporary debates about sexual self-determination in Italy
Authors: Hajek Andrea 
Published: March 2018

Italian summaryQuesto articolo offre uno sguardo attuale sui discorsi pubblici intorno al tema della sessualità. Partendo dallo scandolo sessuale che ha travolto il produttore cintematografico Harvey Weinstein nel 2017, l’articolo mette al centro le polemiche sul femminismo contemporaneo e sull’idea di autodeterminazione e libertà sessuale, che lo scandalo accese nel contesto italiano.
Geochronological and geochemical studies of the OIB-type Baiyanghe dolerites: implications for the existence of a mantle plume in northern West Junggar (NW China)
Authors: MIAO XIU-QUAN , ZHANG XIN , ZHANG HUI , WANG JIN-RONG , LIU ZHENG , LI CHENG-ZE , SHI QIANG , LI RUN-WU , HUANG YAO-SHEN , MA QUAN-ZHENG 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, zircon U–Pb geochronology, major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of the Baiyanghe dolerites in northern West Junggar of NW China are presented. The U–Pb dating of zircons from the dolerites yielded ages of 272.2±4 Ma and 276.7±6.2 Ma, which indicate the emplacement times. The dolerites are characterized by minor variations in SiO2(46.89 to 49.07 wt%), high contents of Al2O3(13.60 to 13.92 wt%) and total Fe2O3(11.14 to 11.70 wt%), and low contents of MgO (2.67 to 3.64 wt%) and total alkalis (Na2O+K2O, 5.1 to 5.97 wt%, K2O/Na2O = 0.37–0.94), which indicate affinities to metaluminous tholeiite basalt. The REE pattern ((La/Sm)N= 2.25–2.34, (La/Yb)N= 7.42–8.36), V–Ti/1000 and 50*Zr–Ti/50–Sm discrimination diagrams show that these rocks are OIB-type. The high contents of Zr and Ti indicate a within-plate tectonic setting, and samples plot in the ‘plume source’ field shown on the Dy/Yb(N)versus Ce/Yb(N)diagram. The positive εNd(t) values (+7.09 to +7.48), high initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70442 to 0.70682) and depletions of Nb and Ta elements in the samples can be explained by the involvement of subducted sediments. In summary, it is possible that the Baiyanghe dolerites were derived from an OIB-like mantle source and associated with a mantle plume tectonic setting. Therefore, our samples provide the youngest evidence for the existence of a mantle plume, which may provide new insights into the Late Palaeozoic tectonic setting of West Junggar.
Survey Research in the Arab World: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Benstead Lindsay J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTSurvey research has expanded in the Arab world since the 1980s. The Arab Spring marked a watershed when surveying became possible in Tunisia and Libya, and researchers added additional questions needed to answer theoretical and policy questions. Almost every Arab country now is included in the Arab Barometer or World Values Survey. Yet, some scholars express the view that the Arab survey context is more challenging than that of other regions or that respondents will not answer honestly, due to authoritarianism. I argue that this position reflects biases that assume “Arab exceptionalism” more than fair and objective assessments of data quality. Based on cross-national data analysis, I found evidence of systematically missing data in all regions and political regimes globally. These challenges and the increasing openness of some Arab countries to survey research should spur studies on the data-collection process in the Middle East and beyond.
Using US Senate Delegations from the Same State as Paired Comparisons: Evidence for a Reagan Realignment
Authors: Brunell Thomas L. , Grofman Bernard 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe fact that two senators are elected from each state offers the potential for natural paired comparisons. In particular, examining historical and geographic patterns in terms of changes in the number of divided US Senate delegations (i.e., states whose two senators are of different parties) is a useful route to testing competing models of American politics, including theories of split-ticket voting, party polarization, and realignment. Brunell and Grofman (1998) used divided Senate delegations to indirectly examine evidence for realignment. We hypothesized that a partisan realignment will necessarily lead to a cyclical pattern in the number of divided Senate delegations. We predicted that the number of divided Senate delegations at the state level would decline after 1996 because we conjectured that there had been a realignment cusp around 1980. We tested this prediction with data from 1952–2016 and our prediction was confirmed.
Executive Dysfunction and Depression in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: The Contribution of Hippocampal Sclerosis and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Schraegle William A. , Nussbaum Nancy L. , Titus Jeffrey B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been identified as a risk factor for increased depression features in children and adolescents; however, less is known regarding specific neurocognitive predictors of depression in this population above and beyond seizure-specific and sociodemographic factors. Methods: The study included 62 patients with TLE (64% male) aged 8 to 16 years (M=12.62; SD=2.26) who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Results: Correlation analyses revealed significant association between patient depression and WCST Total Perseverations, BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) and family stress. Perseverative errors on the WCST and the BRI were found to significantly predict depression features in youth with TLE. Patient performance on WCST was also found to fully mediate the significant relationship between hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and depression in pediatric TLE. Finally, logistic regression indicated HS in the presence of TLE was associated with a four-fold risk of clinically significant depression ratings. Conclusions: The current findings offer strong support for the relationship between executive function (EF) and depression in pediatric TLE. Also, as HS is not modifiable, these findings suggest EF intervention may be a potential modality for improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in youth with TLE. (JINS, 2018, 24, 606–616)
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale
Authors: Fuste Gideoni , Gil María Ángeles , López-Solà Clara , Rosado Silvia , Bonillo Albert , Pailhez Guillem , Bulbena Antoni , Pérez Víctor , Fullana Miguel A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a well-established measure of panic symptoms but few data exist on this instrument in non north-American samples. Our main goal was to assess the psychometric properties (internal consistency, test re-test reliability, inter-rater reliability, convergent and divergent validity) and the factor structure of the Spanish version. Ninety-four patients with a main diagnosis of panic disorder were assessed with the Spanish version of PDSS, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3 (ASI-3), the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) the PDSS self-rating form and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI). The Spanish PDSS showed acceptable internal consistency (α = .74), excellent test-retest (total score and items 1–6: α > .58,p< .01) and inter-rater reliability (most intraclass correlation coefficient values for the total score were > .90) and medium to large convergent validity (r= .68, 95% CI [.54, .79],p< .01;r= .80, 95% CI [.70, .87],p< .01;r= .48, 95% CI [.28, .67],p< .01; BAI, PAS and ASI–3 total scores respectively). Data on divergent validity (BDI-II total score: r= .52, 95% CI [.34, .67],p< .01) suggest some need for refinement of the PDSS. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor modified model for the scale (nested χ2= 14.01,df= 12,p< .001). The Spanish PDSS has similar psychometric properties as the previous versions and is a useful instrument to assess panic symptoms in clinical settings in Spanish-speaking populations.
The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34‐week period
Authors: Morais Jorge E. , Silva António J. , Garrido Nuno D. , Marinho Daniel A. , Barbosa Tiago M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to learn the interplay between dry‐land strength and conditioning, and stroke biomechanics in young swimmers, during a 34‐week training programme. Twenty‐seven swimmers (overall: 13.33 ± 0.85 years old; 11 boys: 13.5 ± 0.75 years old; 16 girls: 13.2 ± 0.92 years old) competing at regional‐ and national‐level competitions were evaluated. The swimmers were submitted to a specific in‐water and dry‐land strength training over 34 weeks (and evaluated at three time points: pre‐, mid‐, and post‐test; M1, M2, and M3, respectively). The 100‐m freestyle performance was chosen as the main outcome (i.e. dependent variable). The arm span (AS; anthropometrics), throwing velocity (TV; strength), stroke length (SL), and stroke frequency (SF; kinematics) were selected as independent variables. There was a performance enhancement over time (M1 vs. M3: 68.72 ± 5.57 s, 66.23 ± 5.23 s; Δ = −3.77%; 95% CI: −3.98;−3.56) and an overall improvement of the remaining variables. At M1 and M2, all links between variables presented significant effects (p < .001), except the TV–SL and the TV–SF path. At M3, all links between variables presented significant effects (p ≤ .05). Between M1 and M3, the direct effect of the TV to the stroke biomechanics parameters (SL and SF) increased. The model predicted 89%, 88%, and 92% of the performance at M1, M2, and M3, respectively, with a reasonable adjustment (i.e. goodness‐of‐fit M1: χ2/df = 3.82; M2: χ2/df = 3.08; M3: χ2/df = 4.94). These findings show that strength and conditioning parameters have a direct effect on the stroke biomechanics, and the latter one on the swimming performance.
Generalizing biomedical relation classification with neural adversarial domain adaptation
Authors: Rios Anthony , Kavuluru Ramakanth , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Creating large datasets for biomedical relation classification can be prohibitively expensive. While some datasets have been curated to extract protein–protein and drug–drug interactions (PPIs and DDIs) from text, we are also interested in other interactions including gene–disease and chemical–protein connections. Also, many biomedical researchers have begun to explore ternary relationships. Even when annotated data are available, many datasets used for relation classification are inherently biased. For example, issues such as sample selection bias typically prevent models from generalizing in the wild. To address the problem of cross-corpora generalization, we present a novel adversarial learning algorithm for unsupervised domain adaptation tasks where no labeled data are available in the target domain. Instead, our method takes advantage of unlabeled data to improve biased classifiers through learning domain-invariant features via an adversarial process. Finally, our method is built upon recent advances in neural network (NN) methods.

Results
We experiment by extracting PPIs and DDIs from text. In our experiments, we show domain invariant features can be learned in NNs such that classifiers trained for one interaction type (protein–protein) can be re-purposed to others (drug–drug). We also show that our method can adapt to different source and target pairs of PPI datasets. Compared to prior convolutional and recurrent NN-based relation classification methods without domain adaptation, we achieve improvements as high as 30% in F1-score. Likewise, we show improvements over state-of-the-art adversarial methods.

Availability and implementation
Experimental code is available at https://github.com/bionlproc/adversarial-relation-classification.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Making Britain Work Again: Unemployment and the Remaking of British Social Policy in the Eighties
Authors: Rieger Bernhard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Faced with persistently high unemployment in the first half of the 1980s, the Conservative government fundamentally recast the social policies directed at those who were out of work. Rather than regarding them as victims of economic problems beyond their control, Thatcher and her allies came to view the unemployed themselves as an economic problem because they allegedly lacked sufficient motivation to take up paid employment. In response, the government implemented measures that required the unemployed to play a more active role in changing their employment status. In particular, it designed new disciplinarian welfare regulations to force the unemployed onto the labour market irrespective of the incomes that available positions offered. Drawing on the national press, memoirs, parliamentary debates and official archival records, this article explores the motivations behind the gradual implementation of changes in social policy that redefined the social citizenship of millions of Britons by exposing those out work to market mechanisms. In addition to espousing market rationales, Thatcher pursued a culturally conservative project of moral reform that aimed to reinvigorate the virtues of hard work, thrift, and self-dependence. This neoliberal welfare regime had significant material consequences because it intentionally promoted low-wage labour, thereby stoking rising social inequality in Britain in the Eighties.
Drivers of Variability in 90-Day Cost for Elective Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Degenerative Disease
Authors: Chotai Silky , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Parker Scott L , Sielatycki John A , McGirt Matthew J , Devin Clinton J 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Value-based episode of care reimbursement models is being investigated to curb unsustainable health care costs. Any variation in the cost of index spine surgery can affect the payment bundling during the 90-d global period.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the drivers of variability in cost for patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for degenerative cervical spine disease.

METHODS
Four hundred forty-five patients undergoing elective ACDF for cervical spine degenerative diagnoses were included in the study. The direct 90-d cost was derived as sum of cost of surgery, cost associated with postdischarge utilization. Multiple variable linear regression models were built for total 90-d cost.

RESULTS
The mean 90-d direct cost was $17685 ± $5731. In a multiple variable linear regression model, the length of surgery, number of levels involved, length of hospital stay, preoperative history of anticoagulation medication, health-care resource utilization including number of imaging, any complications and readmission encounter were the significant contributor to the 90-d cost. The model performance as measured by R2 was 0.616.

CONCLUSION
There was considerable variation in total 90-d cost for elective ACDF surgery. Our model can explain about 62% of these variations in 90-d cost. The episode of care reimbursement models needs to take into account these variations and be inclusive of the factors that drive the variation in cost to develop a sustainable payment model. The generalized applicability should take in to account the differences in patient population, surgeons’ and institution-specific differences.
Comparison of Outcomes Following Anterior vs Posterior Fusion Surgery for Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: An Analysis From Quality Outcomes Database
Authors: Asher Anthony L , Devin Clinton J , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Chotai Silky , Nian Hui , Harrell Jr. Frank E , Sivaganesan Ahilan , McGirt Matthew J , Archer Kristin R , Foley Kevin T , Mummaneni Praveen V , Bisson Erica F , Knightly John J , Shaffrey Christopher I , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The choice of anterior vs posterior approach for degenerative cervical myelopathy that spans multiple segments remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcomes following the 2 approaches using multicenter prospectively collected data.

METHODS
Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) for patients undergoing surgery for 3 to 5 level degenerative cervical myelopathy was analyzed. The anterior group (anterior cervical discectomy [ACDF] or corpectomy [ACCF] with fusion) was compared with posterior cervical fusion. Outcomes included: patient reported outcomes (PROs): neck disability index (NDI), numeric rating scale (NRS) of neck pain and arm pain, EQ-5D, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score for myelopathy (mJOA), and NASS satisfaction questionnaire; hospital length of stay (LOS), 90-d readmission, and return to work (RTW). Multivariable regression models were fitted for outcomes.

RESULTS
Of total 245 patients analyzed, 163 patients underwent anterior surgery (ACDF-116, ACCF-47) and 82 underwent posterior surgery. Patients undergoing an anterior approach had lower odds of having higher LOS (P < .001, odds ratio 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.30). The 12-mo NDI, EQ-5D, NRS, mJOA, and satisfaction scores as well as 90-d readmission and RTW did not differ significantly between anterior and posterior groups.

CONCLUSION
Patients undergoing anterior approaches for 3 to 5 level degenerative cervical myelopathy had shorter hospital LOS compared to those undergoing posterior decompression and fusion. Also, patients in both groups exhibited similar long-term PROs, readmission, and RTW rates. Further investigations are needed to compare the differences in longer term reoperation rates and functional outcomes before the clinical superiority of one approach over the other can be established.