bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of adenotonsillectomy for pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing on parental sleep
Authors: Ernst Hannah , Dzioba Agnieszka , Glicksman Jordan , Paradis Josee , Rotenberg Brian , Strychowsky Julie 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the impact of adenotonsillectomy for pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) on parental sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and child quality of life.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsPediatric patients aged 2 to 10 years with SDB and suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requiring adenotonsillectomy were identified at a single tertiary‐care pediatric otolaryngology hospital. Parental daytime sleepiness and quality of sleep were evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Child quality of life, in the context of suspected OSA, was evaluated by the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Survey (OSA‐18), pre‐ and postoperatively. Paired‐samples t tests were conducted to analyze data.ResultsForty‐seven patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 4.9 (2.2) years, participated. Mean (SD) parental age was 35.5 (4.6) years. Statistically significant decreases of 2.1 points were observed between preoperative and postoperative parental mean global ESS (P = .007; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6‐3.6) and mean total PSQI (P = .001; 95% CI: 0.9‐3.1) scores. A statistically significant improvement (41.6 points) was observed between preoperative and postoperative on mean OSA‐18 scores (P < .0001; 95% CI: 35.7‐47.6).ConclusionsAdenotonsillectomy performed in the pediatric population for SDB, with suspected OSA, can positively impact parental daytime sleepiness and sleep quality in addition to pediatric quality of life.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:232–237, 2020
Is epiglottis surgery necessary for obstructive sleep apnea patients with epiglottis obstruction?
Authors: Kwon Oh Eun , Jung Su Young , Al‐Dilaijan Khalid , Min Jin‐Young , Lee Kun Hee , Kim Sung Wan 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the effect of epiglottis obstruction during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) on the surgical results of multilevel sleep surgery without epiglottic intervention.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThis investigation involved patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on preoperative polysomnography (PSG), who underwent DISE followed by multilevel OSA surgery without epiglottic intervention at Kyung Hee Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) between March 2013 and July 2016. During DISE, obstruction patterns of the upper airway were evaluated using the velum, oropharynx, tongue base, epiglottis classification method. Follow‐up PSG was performed 3 months after surgery to determine the success rate of multilevel surgery without epiglottic intervention. A comparison was done between the group with epiglottis obstruction and the group without epiglottis obstruction.ResultsEpiglottis obstruction was observed during DISE in 43.7% of patients. After application of exclusion criteria, 54 subjects were included (27 with and 27 without epiglottis obstruction). DISE revealed an association between epiglottis obstruction and tongue base collapse (P = .02). Comparing pre‐ and postoperative PSG findings, both groups exhibited improvement postoperatively. The success rate was 44.4% in the epiglottis obstruction group and 40.7% in the non–epiglottis obstruction group (P = .80). There was no difference in surgical success rates between the two groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of epiglottis obstruction requiring epiglottic surgery was lower than what was found during DISE. Sleep surgeons may consider staged epiglottic surgery in patients with epiglottis obstruction.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 129:2658–2662, 2019
Efficacy of two different reclamation strategies to improve chemical properties and to reduce Al toxicity in a lignite mine dump during a 20‐year period
Authors: Rivas‐Pérez Ivana M. , Fernández‐Sanjurjo María J. , Núñez‐Delgado Avelino , Monterroso‐Martínez Carmen , Macías‐Vázquez Felipe , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Esperanza 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, the efficacy of two different strategies, used for 20 years (1992–2012) to restore a lignite mine dump, was investigated. The reclamation strategies were selection of the sterile materials, avoiding surface placement of pyritic materials, or surface application of topsoil material. Representative plots corresponding to each of both strategies were selected, as well as a control plot where reclamation techniques were not applied. An increase in total C, soluble Al, and exchangeable Al, as well as a decrease in pH, electrical conductivity, sulfate, and exchangeable cations concentrations took place during the study period. Avoiding pyritic materials on surface was the strategy giving the best acid–base conditions in the whole period, showing higher pH values (6.1–6.7) than application of topsoil (4.7–5.3), as well as the highest exchangeable Ca values (0.71–6.83 vs. 0.55–3.00 cmol(+) kg−1), and less exchange Al (0.22–2.80 vs. 0.99–3.72 cmol(+) kg−1) and soluble Al (0.04–0.60 vs. 0.19–37.47 mg L−1). Regarding fractionation of Al in soil solution, labile forms predominated throughout the study period, although organic forms (nonlabile Al and acid‐soluble Al) showed an increase over time, which was in accordance with an increase in C concentration. The most toxic Al species (Al3+ and Al‐OH) were less abundant where pyritic materials were not placed on surface, compared with plots treated with topsoil (which did not differ from control plot for most parameters). The results of the study indicate that surface application of topsoil would not be justified as strategy to effectively restore lignite mine dump areas.
Microstructural changes in soils induced by wetting and drying: Effects on atrazine mobility
Authors: Dor Maoz , Emmanuel Simon , Brumfeld Vlad , Levy Guy J. , Mishael Yael G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWetting and drying affects soil structure and pesticide migration, which both may lead to land degradation. The effect on soil structure has been mainly addressed by classical methods at the macroaggregate scale, and the effect on herbicide leaching has not been thoroughly addressed. We aimed to characterize the effects of wetting and drying on soil microstructure, aggregate packing and stability, and subsequent effect on pesticide mobility in three agricultural soils. We developed advanced methods to quantitatively describe soil microstructure changes, induced by wetting and drying. Changes in soil packing, observed by micro‐CT, indicate that large aggregates in a Clay soil disintegrate, whereas particles from a Sandy Loam form larger aggregates. To reflect these changes in terms of soil stability, we developed an aggregate durability index, based on changes in soil particle‐size distribution measured by laser granulometry. For a Clay soil, the index decreased from 17.0% to 1.7%, indicating soil disaggregation upon wetting and drying. Whereas for a Sandy Clay Loam soil, the index increased from 0.4% to 2.6%, indicating formation of more durable aggregates, explained in terms of cementation by CaCO3. As expected, wetting and drying did not alter a Loamy Sand soil structure. The adverse effects of wetting and drying on soil structure correspond with the trends of atrazine mobility. As atrazine is trapped within the Clay soil aggregates, disaggregation leads to a 35% enhancement in pesticide mobility, whereas stabilization of a Sandy Clay Loam aggregates reduced atrazine leaching by 23%. Finally, wetting and drying directly affects the soil microstructure, which has an immense indirect effect on pollutant mobility, with both potentially leading to land degradation.
Cell–Membrane Penetration of Tat‐Conjugated Polymeric Micelles: Effect of Tat Coating Density
Authors: Ming Yang , Xiao Yao , Tian Yuan , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractConsiderable efforts have been devoted to enhancing the cell penetration of nanoparticles by coating cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) on the surface. However, the internalization mechanism for a CPP at different concentrations varies a lot. It is acknowledged that the mechanism is restricted to endocytic pathway at relatively low concentrations; however, direct translocation becomes dominant at high concentrations. This raises an interesting question on how the surface Tat coating density of the nanoparticles would influence their cell–membrane interaction and the consequent internalization behavior. This study systematically investigates the effect of Tat peptides on the internalization behavior of polymeric micelles by tuning surface Tat coating density, incubation concentrations, incubation time, and other factors using poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymer (PEG‐PCL) micelles. It is found that both energy‐dependent and energy‐independent pathways are involved in the cellular uptake process, and the Tat‐conjugated polymeric micelles strongly accumulated on the cell surface at initial stage. The membrane‐anchoring and internalization rate increase with the increasing Tat coating density. Furthermore, the increasing of Tat coating density accelerates the energy‐independent pathway. It is envisioned that this finding will further shed light on the surface modification of nanoparticles for enhanced cell penetration and direct translocation into cell cytoplasm.
Lost and found: Individual differences in propensity to process visual elements of persuasion
Authors: DeRosia Eric D. , McQuarrie Edward F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVisual processing style, defined as the relative propensity to engage in visual processing rather than verbal processing, is an individual difference variable that has been frequently investigated in the consumer psychology literature. Surprisingly, numerous studies have reported no relationship between visual processing style and viewer responses to visual elements of persuasion. We argue that this accumulation of null results is due to untenable historical theoretical assumptions that underlie the construct, along with methodological problems that are inevitably brought about by those theoretical assumptions. We reconceptualize visual processing style and test an alternative empirical operationalization of it. Using both new data and a reanalysis of data published in the Journal of Consumer Research, we find the old approach yields null results, but we find the new approach yields the expected results. The new approach reinstates the utility of incorporating propensity to engage in visual processing as an individual difference variable into consumer psychology models of visual persuasion, and it reinstates a powerful individual difference variable that can help push forward the investigation of the unique aspects of visual persuasion.
Six‐Month Use of Droxidopa for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: François Clément , Shibao Cyndya A. , Biaggioni Italo , Duhig Amy M. , McLeod Kim , Ogbonnaya Augustina , Quillen Apryl , Cannon Joan , Padilla Byron , Yue Binglin , Orloski Laurie , Kymes Steven M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundDroxidopa is approved for adult patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH); there is limited information regarding effects on symptoms, outcomes, and quality of life (QOL) beyond two weeks of treatment.ObjectiveExamine the real‐world experience of patients taking droxidopa after six months of treatment.MethodsThis non‐interventional, US‐based, prospective cohort study utilized a pharmacy hub, identifying patients who recently started droxidopa for nOH treatment. Questionnaires for fall frequency and other patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were completed at baseline and one, three, and six months following droxidopa initiation.Results179 enrolled patients completed baseline surveys. Droxidopa continuation rates were high at months one, three, and six (87%, 79%, and 75%, respectively). From baseline to month one, there was significant reduction in the proportion of patients reporting falling at least once (54.1% vs. 43.0%; P = 0.0039), with similar observations at month three (52.9% vs. 44.5%; P = 0.0588) and month six (51.4% vs. 40.0%; P = 0.0339). Significant improvements from baseline to month one were observed and maintained at months three and six for most PROs, including the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment Item 1, Short Falls Efficacy Scale‐International, Sheehan Disability Scale, Physical Component of the 8‐item Short‐Form Health Survey, and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9.ConclusionsIn this non‐interventional prospective study, fewer nOH patients reported falling after one, three, and six months of droxidopa treatment. Further, improvements reported in nOH symptoms, physical function, and QOL measures were maintained for six months following treatment initiation. Results from randomized clinical trials are required to validate the findings.
18F‐AV‐1451 uptake differs between dementia with lewy bodies and posterior cortical atrophy
Authors: Nedelska Zuzana , Josephs Keith A. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Przybelski Scott A. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Boeve Bradley F. , Drubach Daniel A. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPosterior cortical atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies are 2 distinct clinical syndromes, yet they can overlap in symptoms and occipital hypometabolism. Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies often have overlapping Alzheimer's disease pathology. Similarly, Lewy bodies can be found in patients with posterior cortical atrophy. We investigated differences in the distribution and magnitude of F18‐AV‐1451 uptake in patients with these 2 syndromes.MethodsConsecutive patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 33), posterior cortical atrophy (n = 18), and cognitively unimpaired controls (n = 100) underwent 18F‐AV‐1451 positron emission tomography. Regional differences in AV‐1451 uptake were assessed using voxel‐wise and an atlas‐based approach. The greatest differences in AV‐1451 uptake between patient groups were identified using area under receiver operating curve statistics, and a composite region was derived.ResultsAV‐1451 uptake in both patient groups was predominantly localized to the lateral occipital regions, but the magnitude of uptake was markedly greater in posterior cortical atrophy compared with dementia with Lewy bodies. The posterior cortical atrophy group showed the greatest AV‐1451 uptake throughout all the gray matter compared with that in other groups. The occipital composite region, consisting of superior, middle, and inferior occipital cortices, distinguished posterior cortical atrophy from dementia with Lewy bodies (area under the curve >0.97; P < 0.001, Bonferroni‐corrected) with excellent sensitivity (88%) and specificity (100%).ConclusionsPosterior cortical atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies can share clinical features, and although the pattern of AV‐1451 uptake in occipital cortices overlaps between these 2 syndromes, its magnitude is significantly higher in posterior cortical atrophy. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Needle placement approach to subacromial injection in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Ogbeivor Collins 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is the most common cause of shoulder pain and is costly, in terms of disability and health service provision. Research evidence suggests that, generally, the anterior, lateral and posterior approaches are used by clinicians for subacromial injection. However, it is uncertain which of these approaches is more effective than the other in the management of SAIS.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the anterior, lateral approach to subacromial injection compared with the posterior approach for the treatment of SAIS.MethodsA comprehensive search was undertaken of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PEDro and the E‐Journals databases using full texts, from 1980 to April 2014 and updated in December 2016 via the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (EBSCOhost). Studies of SAIS patients receiving cortisone injections which investigated needle placement through the lateral, posterior or anterior routes were included. Study selection, data extraction and appraisal of the study were undertaken by the researcher and his supervisor. Quality criteria were selected from PEDro, to form a checklist of 10 items.ResultsA total of 4265 citations were retrieved and screened for eligibility; 39 articles were assessed as full text and 8 met the inclusion criteria. They include four randomized controlled trials and four controlled trials. Due to the varying methodological quality, and clinical and statistical heterogeneity of these studies, they were analysed qualitatively, as a meta‐analysis was not possible.ConclusionsThe evidence establishing the superiority of any one method of subacromial injection approach over the other is unclear in clinical practice. This calls for further research into this area.
Comparative effectiveness of one versus two‐stage sacral neurostimulation device placement
Authors: Patel Devin N. , Zhao Hanson H. , Houman Justin , Ackerman A. Lenore , Eilber Karyn S. , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveSacral neurostimulation (SNS) is an effective third‐line treatment for overactive bladder. We sought to compare the cost of standard two‐stage SNS device placement to that of a combined one‐stage placement using a Markov chain model.MethodsCosts were defined using Medicare outpatient reimbursement rates. The model was developed as follows: With the two‐stage approach, patients underwent initial lead placement with fluoroscopy and those who converted to stage two underwent permanent generator placement week later. Patients who did not convert underwent lead removal. Patients undergoing a one‐stage procedure had initial lead and generator placement at the same time. Patients with success underwent no further procedure. Patients without success could opt for generator and lead removal. Cost effectiveness of one versus two‐stage placement depended on successful conversion rate.ResultsReimbursement included physician, anesthesia, facility and device fees. In a two‐stage procedure, initial cost of lead placement was $6170. With successful conversion, cost of a second procedure with permanent lead and generator placement was $18,474. Patients who failed test phase underwent lead removal for a cost of $2879. In a one‐stage procedure approach, initial cost of permanent lead and generator placement was $18,474. Patients with a successful outcome had no additional costs. Patients with an unsuccessful outcome could have the lead and generator removal for a cost of $5758. If the conversion rate from testing phase to permanent placement was greater than 71%, a one‐stage approach proved to be cost effective.ConclusionsIdentifying patients with favorable risk factors for success may predict those patients who warrant a one‐stage approach.
The effect of high impact crossfit exercises on stress urinary incontinence in physically active women
Authors: Yang Jean , Cheng Julie W. , Wagner Hillary , Lohman Everett , Yang Sang H. , Krishingner Gene Austin , Trofimova Alexandra , Alsyouf Muhannad , Staack Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AimsThe impact of CrossFit (high energy and intensity exercise) on SUI has not been well described. This study evaluates the incidence of SUI in physically active women, and examines specific exercises that can increase SUI.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in women from four CrossFit centers and one aerobic center for comparison. Participants were surveyed regarding baseline demographics, activity levels, severity, and frequency of leakage during CrossFit exercises as well as preventative strategies against SUI. Participants were stratified based on age, body mass index, types of exercises, parity, delivery, and compared using Mann Whitney‐U and Chi square.ResultsThis study had 105 CrossFit (mean = 36.9 years) and 44 aerobic (mean = 29.0 years) participants. Fifty women reported SUI during exercises, while none of the aerobic women reported SUI during exercise. The top three CrossFit exercises associated to SUI were double‐unders (47.7%), jumping rope (41.3%), and box jumps (28.4%). CrossFit women with a history of parity had significantly more episodes of SUI with box jumps, jumping rope, double‐unders, thrusters, squats without weights, squats with weights, and trampoline jumping (P < 0.001). The top preventative strategies were emptying the bladder before workouts, wearing dark pants, and performing Kegel exercises during workout. Vaginal delivery (OR 4.94) and total incontinence symptom severity index (OR 1.45) were both significant predictors of SUI during exercise (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere is a significantly higher risk of SUI during CrossFit exercises associated with previous pregnancy and vaginal delivery but also in nulliparous women. In general, women participating in CrossFit have been applying preventative measures for protection of SUI during exercises.
Ultrasound‐assisted prompted voiding care for managing urinary incontinence in nursing homes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Suzuki Motofumi , Miyazaki Hideyo , Kamei Jun , Yoshida Mikako , Taniguchi Tamami , Nishimura Kaoru , Igawa Yasuhiko , Sanada Hiromi , Homma Yukio 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo determine whether ultrasound‐assisted prompted voiding (USAPV) care is more efficacious than conventional prompted voiding (CPV) care for managing urinary incontinence in nursing homes.MethodsThirteen participating nursing homes in Japan were randomized to CPV (n = 7) or USAPV care group (n = 6). Residents of the allocated nursing homes received CPV (n = 35) or USAPV (n = 45) care for 8 weeks. In the CPV group, caregivers asked the elderly every 2‐3 h whether they had a desire to void and prompted them to void when the response was yes. In the USAPV group, caregivers regularly monitored bladder urine volume by an ultrasound device and prompted them to void when the volume reached close to the individually optimized bladder capacity. Frequency‐volume chart was recorded at the baseline and after the 8‐week intervention to measure the daytime urine loss.ResultsThe change in daytime urine loss was statistically greater in the USAPV (median, −80.0 g) than in the CPV (median, −9.0 g; P = .018) group. The proportion of elderly individuals whose daytime urine loss decreased by >25% was 51% and 26% in the USAPV and CPV group, respectively (P = .020). Quality‐of‐life measures of elderly participants showed no significant changes in both groups. The care burden scale score of caregivers was unchanged in the USAPV group (P = .59) but significantly worsened in the CPV group (P = .010) after the intervention.ConclusionsUSAPV is efficacious and feasible for managing urinary incontinence in nursing homes.