bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of Atyaephyra thyamisensis Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012 (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from Albania and the Republic of Macedonia confirmed by DNA barcodes
Authors: Jabłońska Aleksandra , Vukić Jasna , Šanda Radek , Zawal Andrzej , Grabowski Michał 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The genus Atyaephyra de Brito Capello, 1867 consists of seven species, which are distributed in Europe, Asia Minor and northern Africa. Four of them occur on the Balkan Peninsula, which is known as one of the global diversity and endemism hotspots for freshwater fauna. Atyaephyra thyamisensis Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012 has been known from Greek mainland and is considered as endemic to the Ionian region. Herewith we report the first finding of this species from the Adriatic region, i.e., Albania and Republic of Macedonia, including the ancient Lake Prespa, and we provide new localities from Greece. Given the subtle morphological features differing this species from other congeners, we support our findings with DNA barcodes.
Unexpected rDNA divergence between two morphologically minimalistic nematodes with description of a new species (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae)
Authors: Qiao Kaikai , Bai Mengxin , Wang Qiu , Hou Xiangyu , Chen Jingwei , Xiao Shun , Liu Guokun , Bert Wim , Qing Xue 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Species of the family Tylenchidae are encountered in large numbers in soils. The genus Labrys was recently described characterised by a remarkable lip pattern that differs from all other known Tylenchidae genera. Here we describe a curious new species, Labrys fujianensis sp. n., that morphologically fits the genus Labrys but which is genetically divergent. The phylogeny was inferred based on 18S and 28S rDNA and light and scanning electron microscopy were used to extract detailed morphologies. The phylogenetic position of this species and its phenotypic convergence are discussed. The possibility of a long-branch attraction artefact was inspected both by removal of variable nucleotide sites and monophyletic testing of topologies. The results confirmed the divergent positioning of the presented species and it is demonstrated that the genetic diversity in Tylenchidae may be much higher than expected due to morphological homoplasy.
accuracy of wind measurements on towers or stacks1,2
Authors: Gill Gerald C. , Olsson Lars E. , Sela Josef , Suda Motozo 
Published: August 2018

Wind sensors mounted on towers and smokestacks do not always indicate the true free-air flow. To determine the probable errors in measurements of wind speed and direction around such structures, quarter-scale models have been tested in a large wind tunnel. Data on changes in wind speed and direction were obtained by using smoke, very small wind vanes, and a scale model propeller anemometer. Most emphasis has been placed on a relatively open lattice-type tower, but a solid tower and a stack were also studied.
The analysis shows that in the wake of lattice-type towers disturbance is moderate to severe, and that in the wake of solid towers and stacks there is extreme turbulence, with reversal of flow. Recommendations for locating wind sensors in the wind field relative to the supporting structure are given for each of the three structures studied. Guidelines are suggested regarding probable errors in measurements of wind speed and direction around different supporting structures, as outlined below.
For an open triangular tower with equal sides D, the wake is about 1-1/2D in width for a distance downwind of at least 6D. Sensors mounted 2 D out from the corner of such a tower will usually measure speeds within ± 10° of that of the undisturbed flow for an arc of about 330°. The disturbance by very dense towers and stacks is much greater. Wind sensors mounted 3 diameters out from the face of a stack will measure wind speeds within ± 10%, and directions within ± 10° of the undisturbed flow for an arc of about 180°.
A Quantitative Method to Evaluate Tropical Cyclone Tracks in Climate Models
Authors: Shen Yixuan , Sun Yuan , Camargo Suzana J. , Zhong Zhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability to simulate tropical cyclones (TCs) realistically is an important factor in the performance evaluation of climate models. In previous studies, indirect evaluation methods have been proposed that are based on the comparison of TC-related background circulation between model results and observations. Direct model evaluation methods, in most cases, are limited to the model skill in simulating the TC frequency, intensity, and track density. Here we propose a new method to quantitatively and directly evaluate the ability of climate models in simulating TC tracks. The method consists of two indicators that account for the model performance in simulating TC track density and the geographic properties of TC tracks, respectively. This method is applied to evaluate the skill of climate models in simulating TC tracks over the western North Pacific Ocean. The explicit models include seven from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and eight from the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group (HWG), as well as four downscaled HWG models. Our results indicate the order of these 15 explicit models according to their ability to simulate TC tracks. In addition, we show that, for one of the models, the TC track simulation is greatly improved by using downscaling.
Impacts of Topography on Airflow and Precipitation in the Pyeongchang Area Seen from Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Tsai Chia-Lun , Kim Kwonil , Liou Yu-Chieng , Lee Gyuwon , Yu Cheng-Ku 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study uses high-resolution radar and surface observations to investigate the finescale structural evolution of airflow and precipitation over complex terrain in the Pyeongchang area, South Korea. The Taebaek Mountain range (TMR) runs parallel to the northeastern coast of South Korea, with a perpendicular ridge known as the Pyeongchang branch (PCB). The objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms of wintertime precipitation over these topographic features during the passage of a low pressure system (LPS) through the southern Korean Peninsula. The analysis indicates that intense precipitation occurred over the southwestern and northeastern sides of the TMR during stage I but only over the northeastern side during stage II. The prevailing southwesterly winds were dominated by warm advection associated with the LPS over the PCB during stage I. These prevailing southwesterly winds locally enhanced precipitation on the southwestern end of the PCB; multiple influences of mountain waves, airflow convergence, and drifted particles are possible factors for causing precipitation on the northeastern side of the TMR. During stage II, the prevailing winds changed from easterlies to northeasterlies offshore from Gangneung. The easterly winds decelerated and were deflected locally along the mountainous coast, and this blocked zone interacted with the oncoming flow to trigger a precipitation band. Consequently, the northeasterly winds helped push the precipitation band toward the coast, causing heavy precipitation in Gangneung. The observational evidence presented shows that the interaction of temporally changing winds accompanying the movement of an LPS over topography is a critical factor for determining the distribution and intensity of precipitation.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations at emergency department presentation in females and males with an acute cardiac outcome
Authors: Kavsak Peter A , Worster Andrew , Shortt Colleen , Ma Jinhui , Clayton Natasha , Sherbino Jonathan , Hill Stephen A , McQueen Matthew , Griffith Lauren , Mehta Shamir R , Devereaux PJ 
Published: August 2018

Background There is interest in utilizing different cut-offs per sex for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) but less so for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) for patient management in the acute setting. Our objective was to assess if differences in hs-cTn concentrations exist between males and females for an acute cardiac outcome following the presentation measurement in the emergency department. Methods An observational emergency department population with hs-cTn measurements (Roche Diagnostics and Abbott Diagnostics) at presentation with seven-day outcomes for a composite acute cardiac outcome (i.e. myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure or cardiovascular death) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01994577). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed for each sex with both hs-cTn assays. Results In those patients who had a composite acute cardiac outcome ( n = 128 females; n = 145 males), there was no difference in hs-cTn concentrations between the sexes (median [IQR] female hs-cTnT = 35 ng/L [21–69] vs. male hs-cTnT = 38 ng/L [19–77], P = 0.95; and median [IQR] female hs-cTnI = 27 ng/L [12–75] vs. male hs-cTnI = 26 ng/L [12–85], P = 0.97]. There was also no difference in the area under the curve between the hs-cTn assays and between the sexes ( P > 0.10). Comparing hs-cTn concentrations in those patients with the composite outcome between the sexes <60 years and ≥60 years of age also did not yield significant differences ( P > 0.70). Conclusions The concentrations and area under the curves of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI at patient presentation in the emergency department for an acute composite cardiac outcome were similar between the sexes in this exploratory study.
Improved technical success and radiation safety of adrenal vein sampling using rapid, semi-quantitative point-of-care cortisol measurement
Authors: Page Michael M , Taranto Mario , Ramsay Duncan , van Schie Greg , Glendenning Paul , Gillett Melissa J , Vasikaran Samuel D 
Published: August 2018

Objective Primary aldosteronism is a curable cause of hypertension which can be treated surgically or medically depending on the findings of adrenal vein sampling studies. Adrenal vein sampling studies are technically demanding with a high failure rate in many centres. The use of intraprocedural cortisol measurement could improve the success rates of adrenal vein sampling but may be impracticable due to cost and effects on procedural duration. Design Retrospective review of the results of adrenal vein sampling procedures since commencement of point-of-care cortisol measurement using a novel single-use semi-quantitative measuring device for cortisol, the adrenal vein sampling Accuracy Kit. Measurements: Success rate and complications of adrenal vein sampling procedures before and after use of the adrenal vein sampling Accuracy Kit. Routine use of the adrenal vein sampling Accuracy Kit device for intraprocedural measurement of cortisol commenced in 2016. Results Technical success rate of adrenal vein sampling increased from 63% of 99 procedures to 90% of 48 procedures ( P = 0.0007) after implementation of the adrenal vein sampling Accuracy Kit. Failure of right adrenal vein cannulation was the main reason for an unsuccessful study. Radiation dose decreased from 34.2 Gy.cm2 (interquartile range, 15.8–85.9) to 15.7 Gy.cm2 (6.9–47.3) ( P = 0.009). No complications were noted, and implementation costs were minimal. Conclusions Point-of-care cortisol measurement during adrenal vein sampling improved cannulation success rates and reduced radiation exposure. The use of the adrenal vein sampling Accuracy Kit is now standard practice at our centre.
Urban public parks and mental health in adult women: Mediating and moderating factors
Authors: Bojorquez Ietza , Ojeda-Revah Lina 
Published: August 2018

Background: The association of green spaces such as urban public parks and mental health might vary according to personal characteristics and characteristics of the park and be mediated by the use of the park. Aims: We investigate the association between urban public park coverage and mental health in adult women, the moderation of this association by personal and park-related characteristics, and the mediation of the association by use of public space. Methods: Combining data from a cross-sectional survey of the adult female population of Tijuana (Mexico) in 2014, and a study of public spaces in 2013, we analyzed the association between park coverage in buffers of 400 and 800 m from participants’ homes and score in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). We tested for mediation by use of park and interaction of urban park coverage with personal and park characteristics. Results: Urban public park coverage in the 400-m buffer had an inverse association with CES-D score that was moderated by age (significant only for younger participants), with no evidence of mediation. Park coverage in the 800-m buffer also had an inverse association with CES-D score, moderated by age and occupation (significant for younger participants and homemakers), and a mediated association was also observed. There was no interaction between park coverage and park characteristics in their association with CES-D score. Conclusion: Our results confirm the potential of public parks to improve mental health and suggest that this effect could be more important at some stages in the life course for women. The upper-middle-income, Latin American country setting adds to the current knowledge that is mostly based on high-income countries.
Increased blood transfusion and its impact in patients having tracheostomy while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Harris Dwight D. , Shafii Alexis E. , Baz Maher , Tribble Thomas A. , Ferraris Victor A. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Tracheostomy has been utilized in combination with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) to enable early spontaneous breathing and minimize sedation requirements. Tracheostomy has been previously reported to be safe in patients supported on VV-ECMO; however, the impact of tracheostomy on blood loss in VV-ECMO patients is unknown. Methods: We analyzed VV-ECMO patients with and without tracheostomy over a 5-year period. In order to avoid other potential sources of blood loss not related to tracheostomy or ECMO-related blood loss, patients who underwent a recent surgery prior to ECMO or during ECMO (other than tracheostomy) were excluded. Results: Sixty-three patients meeting the inclusion criteria were identified (tracheostomy n=30, non-tracheostomy n=33). Tracheostomy patients were found to require more daily transfusions of red blood cells (RBC) (0.47 [0.20-1.0] vs. 0.23 [0.06-0.40] units/day, p=0.02) and total blood products (0.60 [0.32-1.0] vs. 0.31 [0.10-0.50] units/day, p=0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that tracheostomy while on VV-ECMO predisposes patients to increased transfusion burden. Based on previous research, this increased transfusion burden could potentially be linked to increased complications and mortality.
Outcomes of percutaneous transluminal biopsy of biliary lesions using a dedicated forceps system
Authors: Inchingolo Riccardo , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Nestola Massimiliano , Nardella Michele 
Published: August 2018

Background Distinction between benign and malignant biliary obstruction is always challenging. Purpose To evaluate outcomes of percutaneous transluminal biopsy of biliary strictures using a dedicated forceps system. Material and Methods This prospective, single-center, single-arm study, included 29 consecutive patients (17 men [56.6%]; mean age = 60 ± 9 years), who underwent 30 transluminal biopsies during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) due to obstructive jaundice, between September 2014 and January 2017, using a transluminal biliary access and biopsy forceps set. The study’s primary efficacy endpoint was technical success and the primary safety endpoint was the procedure-related major complications rate. The study’s secondary endpoints were procedure-related minor complication rate, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for the characterization of malignancy. Results Tissue samples allowed histological diagnosis in 27/30 procedures (technical success rate 90.0%), as in three cases (10.0%) the sample was characterized as non-diagnostic: one case was suspicious for pancreatic cancer and two cases were cholangiocarcinoma. In one case, biopsy was successfully repeated. The diagnosis was cholangiocarcinoma in 16 cases (53.3%), colorectal metastasis in three cases (10%), pancreatic adenocarcinoma in three cases (10.0%), and inflammation in five cases (16.6%). There were two false-negative cases of inflammation proven to be cholangiocarcinoma, resulting in sensitivity of 91.67%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 92.59%. No major complications were noted. There were four cases of hemobilia (13%) which auto-resolved within 48 h. Conclusion Percutaneous transluminal biopsy of biliary strictures during PTBD using the specific forceps system was proven safe and resulted in high technical success and diagnostic accuracy rates.
Effect of a single dose of mannitol on hydration status and electrolyte concentrations in patients with tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Czupryna Piotr , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Grygorczuk Sambor , Pancewicz Sławomir , Dunaj Justyna , Król Monika , Borawski Karol , Zajkowska Joanna 
Published: August 2018

Objective This study was performed to assess the effect of a single dose of 15% mannitol on the hydration status and electrolyte balance in patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Methods Forty-one patients with TBE were treated with 0.25 g/kg of 15% mannitol. The electrolyte concentrations (Na, K, and Cl), creatinine concentration, and hydration status were measured before and after mannitol infusion. Results After mannitol administration, 7 patients had hyponatremia, 3 had hypokalemia, 1 had hyperkalemia, and 17 had hypochloremia. The total body water volume (TBW) changed by 0.44% ± 0.55%, the external body water volume (EBW) changed by 0.12% ± 0.15%, and the internal body water volume (IBW) changed by 0.19% ± 0.40%. The mean ECW/ICW ratio was 0.7694 ± 0.07 before treatment and 0.7699 ± 0.07 after treatment. Age was correlated with the TBW change in men (R = 0.42, p < 0.05) and with the potassium change in women (R = 0.66, p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with TBE should receive mannitol two to four times daily depending on the clinical manifestation. Administration of a single dose of mannitol (0.25 g/kg) requires at least 300 mL of fluid supplementation. Bioimpedance might be useful for individual evaluation of dehydration. Additionally, patients require monitoring for potential hyponatremia. Older men may be more prone to dehydration after receiving mannitol.
Optimal concentration of the transversus abdominis plane block in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for patients of advanced age undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Ping-Chen  , Lin Qing-Song , Lin Xian-Zhong 
Published: August 2018

Objective The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block ameliorates visual analogue scale scores and decreases morphine requirements, but its role remains unclear. Patients of advanced age are susceptible to local anesthetic intoxication. We aimed to identify an optimal concentration that can be used in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) without compromising analgesic efficacy. Methods In total, 120 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery received general anesthesia combined with a TAP block using 0.25% ropivacaine (Group A), 0.50% ropivacaine (Group B), or 0.75% ropivacaine (Group C) in a 40-mL volume. Group D only received general anesthesia. Epinephrine, plasma cortisol, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured at baseline, skin incision, celiac exploration, and tracheal extubation. The proportions of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ cells were measured at baseline and postoperative days 1 and 3. Results The TAP block relieved the stress response and accelerated intestinal functional recovery as shown by significant reductions in VAS scores and anesthetic requirements. However, there was no significant difference between Groups B and C. Conclusion The TAP block plays an important role in ERAS in older patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery, and 0.5% ropivacaine is an optimal concentration that can reduce toxicity without undermining analgesia.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Binglu , Zheng Chaoji , Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Taiping , He Xiaodong , Zhao Yupei 
Published: August 2018

Objective Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) has been increasingly recognized and reported. However, its clinical features are still controversial because of its low incidence. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of IPNB. Methods In total, 28 patients with IPNB were treated at our institution from January 2000 to December 2016. Clinical data were collected and a retrospective accurate database was constructed. Demographic characteristics, perioperative management, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results Abdominal discomfort was the most common symptom. Preoperative imaging revealed biliary tract dilatation in 23 patients. Left lateral or left hepatic lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure. Histological analysis revealed malignancy in 17 patients. Eighty-eight lymph nodes were swept from the patients with malignant disease, but only three were metastatic. Twenty-one patients were followed up for 3 to 60 months (mean, 29.4 ± 18.2 months). Seven patients died during the follow-up period. Patients with benign tumors had significantly greater disease-free survival. Conclusions IPNB is a rare biliary disease that occurs mainly in patients of advanced age. The most common symptom is abdominal discomfort. Lymphatic metastasis is uncommon. Patients with benign tumors may have a better prognosis than those with malignant tumors.
Effect of Initial Graft Tension During Calcaneofibular Ligament Reconstruction on Ankle Kinematics and Laxity
Authors: Sakakibara Yuzuru , Teramoto Atsushi , Takagi Tetsuya , Yamakawa Satoshi , Okada Yohei , Shoji Hiroaki , Kobayashi Takuma , Fujimiya Mineko , Fujie Hiromichi , Watanabe Kota , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: August 2018

Background: Although a variety of surgical procedures for lateral ankle ligament reconstruction have frequently been reported, little is known about the effects of initial graft tension. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate the effects of initial graft tension in calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) reconstruction. It was hypothesized that a high degree of initial graft tension would cause abnormal kinematics, laxity, and excessive graft tension. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve cadaveric ankles were tested with a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system to apply passive plantarflexion-dorsiflexion motion and multidirectional loads. A repeated-measures experiment was designed with the CFL intact, CFL transected, and CFL reconstructed with 4 initial tension conditions (10, 30, 50, and 70 N). The 3-dimensional path and reconstructed graft tension were simultaneously recorded. Results: The calcaneus in CFL reconstruction with an initial tension of 70 N had the most eversion relative to the intact condition (mean eversion translations of 1.2, 3.0, 5.0, and 6.2 mm were observed at initial tensions of 10, 30, 50, and 70 N, respectively). The calcaneus also moved more posteriorly with external rotation as the initial tension increased. The reconstructed graft tension tended to increase as the initial tension increased. Conclusion: Ankle kinematic patterns and laxity after CFL reconstruction tended to become more abnormal as the initial graft tension increased at the time of surgery. Moreover, excessive initial graft tension caused excessive tension on the reconstructed graft. Clinical Relevance: This study indicated the importance of initial graft tension during CFL reconstruction. Overtensioning during CFL reconstruction should be avoided to imitate a normal ankle.