bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA metabarcoding adds valuable information for management of biodiversity in roadside stormwater ponds
Authors: Sun Zhenhua , Majaneva Markus , Sokolova Ekaterina , Rauch Sebastien , Meland Sondre , Ekrem Torbjørn 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Stormwater ponds are used to compensate for the adverse effects that road runoff might have on the natural environment. Depending on their design and placement, stormwater ponds can act as both refugia and traps for local biodiversity. To evaluate the impact of stormwater ponds on biodiversity, it is critical to use effective and precise methods for identification of life associated with the water body. DNA metabarcoding has recently become a promising tool for identification and assessment of freshwater biodiversity.

Using both morphology and DNA metabarcoding, we analyze species richness and biological composition of samples from 12 stormwater ponds and investigate the impact of pond size and pollution levels in the sediments and water column on the macroinvertebrate community structure.

DNA metabarcoding captured and identified more than twice the number of taxa compared to morphological identification. The (dis)similarity of macroinvertebrate community composition in different ponds showed that the ponds appear better separated in the results obtained by DNA metabarcoding, but that the explained variation is higher for the results obtained by morphologically identification, since it provides abundance data.

The reliance on morphological methods has limited our perception of the aquatic biodiversity in response to anthropogenic stressors, thereby providing inaccurate information for appropriate design and management of stormwater ponds; these drawbacks can be overcome by DNA metabarcoding.

Synthesis and applications. The results indicate that DNA metabarcoding is a useful tool in identifying species, especially Diptera, which are difficult to determine. Application of DNA metabarcoding greatly increases the number of species identified at each sampling site, thereby providing a more accurate information regarding the way the ponds function and how they are affected by management.

OPEN PRACTICES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB30841.
Chronic Toxicities of Neonicotinoids to Nymphs of the Common New Zealand Mayfly Deleatidium spp.
Authors: Macaulay Samuel J. , Hageman Kimberly J. , Alumbaugh Robert E. , Lyons Sean M. , Piggott Jeremy J. , Matthaei Christoph D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have been shown to have high chronic toxicity relative to acute toxicity, and therefore short-term toxicity tests ≤96 h in duration may underestimate their environmental risks. Among nontarget aquatic invertebrates, insects of the orders Diptera and Ephemeroptera have been found to be the most sensitive to neonicotinoids. To undertake a more accurate assessment of the risks posed by neonicotinoids to freshwater ecosystems, more data are needed from long-term tests employing the most sensitive taxa. Using nymphs of the common New Zealand mayfly genus Deleatidium spp., we performed 28-d static-renewal exposures with the widely used neonicotinoids imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. We monitored survival, immobility, impairment, and mayfly moulting propensity at varying time points throughout the experiment. Imidacloprid and clothianidin exerted strong chronic toxicity effects on Deleatidium nymphs, with 28-d median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 0.28 and 1.36 µg/L, respectively, whereas thiamethoxam was the least toxic, with a 28-d LC50 &gt; 4 µg/L (highest concentration tested). Mayfly moulting propensity was also negatively affected by clothianidin (during 3 of 4 wk), imidacloprid (2 of 4 wk), and thiamethoxam (1 of 4 wk). Comparisons with published neonicotinoid chronic toxicity data for other mayfly taxa and larvae of the midge genus Chironomus showed similar sensitivities for mayflies and midges, suggesting that experiments using these taxa provide reliable assessments of the threats of neonicotinoids to the most vulnerable freshwater species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2459–2471. © 2019 SETAC
Edge computing in smart health care systems: Review, challenges, and research directions
Authors: Hartmann Morghan , Hashmi Umair Sajid , Imran Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractToday, patients are demanding a newer and more sophisticated health care system, one that is more personalized and matches the speed of modern life. For the latency and energy efficiency requirements to be met for a real‐time collection and analysis of health data, an edge computing environment is the answer, combined with 5G speeds and modern computing techniques. Previous health care surveys have focused on new fog architecture and sensor types, which leaves untouched the aspect of optimal computing techniques, such as encryption, authentication, and classification that are used on the devices deployed in an edge computing architecture. This paper aims first to survey the current and emerging edge computing architectures and techniques for health care applications, as well as to identify requirements and challenges of devices for various use cases. Edge computing application primarily focuses on the classification of health data involving vital sign monitoring and fall detection. Other low‐latency applications perform specific symptom monitoring for diseases, such as gait abnormalities in Parkinson's disease patients. We also present our exhaustive review on edge computing data operations that include transmission, encryption, authentication, classification, reduction, and prediction. Even with these advantages, edge computing has some associated challenges, including requirements for sophisticated privacy and data reduction methods to allow comparable performance to their Cloud‐based counterparts, but with lower computational complexity. Future research directions in edge computing for health care have been identified to offer a higher quality of life for users if addressed.
Adaptation to hummingbird pollination is associated with reduced diversification inPenstemon
Authors: Wessinger Carolyn A. , Rausher Mark D. , Hileman Lena C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA striking characteristic of the Western North American flora is the repeated evolution of hummingbird pollination from insect-pollinated ancestors. This pattern has received extensive attention as an opportunity to study repeated trait evolution as well as potential constraints on evolutionary reversibility, with little attention focused on the impact of these transitions on species diversification rates. Yet traits conferring adaptation to divergent pollinators potentially impact speciation and extinction rates, because pollinators facilitate plant reproduction and specify mating patterns between flowering plants. Here, we examine macroevolutionary processes affecting floral pollination syndrome diversity in the largest North American genus of flowering plants, Penstemon. Within Penstemon, transitions from ancestral bee-adapted flowers to hummingbird-adapted flowers have frequently occurred, although hummingbird-adapted species are rare overall within the genus. We inferred macroevolutionary transition and state-dependent diversification rates and found that transitions from ancestral bee-adapted flowers to hummingbird-adapted flowers are associated with reduced net diversification rate, a finding based on an estimated 17 origins of hummingbird pollination in our sample. Although this finding is congruent with hypotheses that hummingbird adaptation in North American Flora is associated with reduced species diversification rates, it contrasts with studies of neotropical plant families where hummingbird pollination has been associated with increased species diversification. We further used the estimated macroevolutionary rates to predict the expected pattern of floral diversity within Penstemon over time, assuming stable diversification and transition rates. Under these assumptions, we find that hummingbird-adapted species are expected to remain rare due to their reduced diversification rates. In fact, current floral diversity in the sampled Penstemon lineage, where less than one-fifth of species are hummingbird adapted, is consistent with predicted levels of diversity under stable macroevolutionary rates.
Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of grape pomace and grape seed extracts on colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Pérez‐Ortiz José M. , Alguacil Luis F. , Salas Elisabet , Hermosín‐Gutiérrez Isidro , Gómez‐Alonso Sergio , González‐Martín Carmen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrape pomace is the source of bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan‐3‐ols, and stilbenes) which exhibit antiproliferative actions on cell cultures. We have investigated the antitumoral effects of grape pomace and grape seed extracts on colon cancer cells (Caco‐2, HT‐29) and fibroblasts. Crude extracts prepared from white and red pomace, and grape seeds, reduced the viability and proliferation of Caco‐2. HT‐29 cells were resistant to these actions. Purified extracts were then prepared from the same sources and compared with the LDH test; again, all three extracts were active and purified extract from grape seed was the most potent and specific on Caco‐2 cells. HT‐29 cells were more sensitive to these purified extracts. The biological activity resided almost exclusively in the flavonol and flavan‐3‐ols subfractions, rather than the anthocyanin subfraction. Preliminary results on the mechanisms involved in these effects revealed downregulation of Myc gene expression in HT‐29 and upregulation of Ptg2 in Caco‐2 cells.
Low FODMAP diet in children and adolescents with functional bowel disorder: A clinical case note review
Authors: Brown Stephanie C , Whelan Kevin , Gearry Richard B , Day Andrew S 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimsFunctional bowel disorders (FBD), such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are increasingly more common in children and affect up to 20% of children. The etiology is multifactorial with no clear organic cause. Symptoms are recurrent and are associated with a reduced quality of life, school absences, and psychological challenges. Treatment options are variable. FODMAPs are short‐chained carbohydrates, poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract due to their increased osmotic activity and excess gas production from the bacterial fermentation process. There is a paucity of data examining dietary interventions that restrict carbohydrates in children with IBS. The aim of this study was to examine the use of the low FODMAP diet (LFD) in children with an FBD.MethodsA retrospective clinical case note review of children with an FBD managed with an LFD was undertaken. Anthropometry and clinical data were collected by a pediatric gastroenterology dietitian. An IBS satisfaction survey was used to assess diet outcomes. Statistical analyses were completed using Excel.ResultsOf the 29 children included in this study, complete resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms was observed for 11 of 12 (92%) of those with bloating, 13 of 15 (87%) of those with diarrhea, and 17 of 22 (77%) of those with abdominal pain. Twenty‐three (79%) participants reported an improvement of symptoms. Fructans were the most common symptom‐causing carbohydrate.ConclusionThe LFD is a useful dietary treatment strategy for children with FBD. This study adds to the small body of evidence supporting FODMAP dietary interventions in children with FBD. Further prospective studies are required.
Increased risk of sudden death in untreated primary carnitine deficiency
Authors: Rasmussen Jan , Dunø Morten , Lund Allan M. , Steuerwald Ulrike , Hansen Steen‐Holger , Joensen Høgni D. , Køber Lars , Nielsen Olav W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrimary carnitine deficiency (PCD) affects fatty acid oxidation and is associated with cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia, but the risk of sudden death in PCD is unknown. The Faroe Islands have a high prevalence of PCD, 1:300. This study systematically investigated a possible association between untreated PCD and sudden death in young Faroese subjects. We investigated all medico‐legal cases of sudden death between 1979 and 2012 among subjects below the age of 45. Stored biomaterial was examined with molecular genetic analysis to reveal PCD. We compared the prevalence of PCD among sudden death cases with that of the background population (0.23%) to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for sudden death with PCD. Biomaterial was available and genetically analyzed from 53 of 65 sudden death cases (82%) in the Faroe Islands. Six (one male and five females) of the 53 cases were homozygous for the PCD related c.95A>G mutation—a prevalence of 11.3% (95% CI 5%‐23%) and an OR of 54.3 (95% CI 21‐138, P < .0001) for the association between sudden death and untreated PCD. Only 11 of the 53 sudden death cases were women—of whom five were homozygous for the c.95A>G mutation (45.5%) yielding an OR of 348.8 (95% CI 94‐1287, P < .0001) for the association between sudden death and untreated PCD in females. This study showed a strong association between sudden death and untreated PCD, especially in females.
A retrospective study of implants placed following 1‐stage or 2‐stage maxillary sinus floor augmentation by the lateral window technique performed on residual bone of <4 mm: Results up to 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Kim Hyun Ju , Yea Sanghyun , Kim Kyoung‐Hwa , Lee Yong‐Moo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Seol Yang‐Jo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the survival rates of implants placed following 1‐stage or 2‐stage maxillary sinus floor augmentation by the lateral window technique (SFALW) performed on residual bone of <4 mm.MethodsThis study was conducted based on dental records and radiographs obtained from patients who received SFALW from March 2006 to June 2014, being followed up between March 2006 and December 2017. They were divided into 1‐stage and 2‐stage groups according to the SFALW performed. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate whether a significant difference existed between 1‐stage and 2‐stage SFALW in terms of survival rates. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of multiple variables on implant failure.ResultsA total of 395 implants (156 implants in the 1‐stage group, 239 implants in the 2‐stage group) in 167 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them, 13 implants (five implants in the 1‐stage group, eight implants in the 2‐stage group) failed. No significant difference was found in the 10‐year cumulative survival rate of implants between the 1‐stage group and the 2‐stage group (96.8% and 92.5%, respectively, P = 0.656). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that implant failure was significantly influenced by implant length and functional time following prosthetic loading.ConclusionsThe 10‐year cumulative survival rates showed no statistically significant difference between implants following 1‐stage and 2‐stage maxillary SFALW performed on residual bone height of <4 mm.
Assessing the effects of particle size and composition on light scattering through measurements of size‐fractionated seawater samples
Authors: Koestner Daniel , Stramski Dariusz , Reynolds Rick A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMeasurements of the particulate volume scattering function,
βp(ψ), at light wavelength of 532 nm, particle size distribution, PSD, and several metrics of particulate concentration and composition were made on eight contrasting seawater samples from nearshore and coastal oceanic environments including river estuary and offshore locations. Both
βp(ψ) and PSDs were measured on original (unfiltered) samples and particle size‐fractionated samples obtained through filtration using mesh filters with pore sizes of 5 and 20 μm. We present results based on direct size‐fractionated measurements and data adjusted for imperfect fractionation, which provide insights into the roles played by particle size and composition in angle‐resolved light scattering produced by highly variable natural assemblages of aquatic particles. Despite intricate interplay between the effects of particle size and composition, small particles (< 5 μm in size) consistently produced a major or dominant contribution (~ 50–80%) to the particulate backscattering coefficient,
bbp, in organic, either phytoplankton or nonalgal, dominated samples regardless of significant variations in PSD between these samples. The notable exception was a sample dominated by large‐celled diatoms from microphytoplankton size range, which exemplifies a scenario when large particles (> 20 μm) can produce a considerable contribution (~ 40%) to
bbp. We also observed a trend for inorganic‐dominated samples exhibiting consistently lower contributions (~ 30–40%) of small particles to
bbp. The particle size‐based budget for the particulate scattering coefficient,
bp, indicates a significant decrease in the role of small particles accompanied by an increase in the role of larger particles compared to the
bbp budget.
Te–Li Exchange Reaction of Tellurophene‐Containing π‐Conjugated Polymer as Potential Synthetic Tool for Functional π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Zheng Feng , Komatsuzaki Yusuke , Shida Naoki , Nishiyama Hiroki , Inagi Shinsuke , Tomita Ikuyoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn the basis of the facts that tellurophene‐containing π‐conjugated polymers are obtainable from organotitanium polymers and that the tellurium atoms in the tellurophene derivatives can be transformed into lithium atoms, the synthesis of reactive lithiated polymer precursor and its transformations into some functionalized π‐conjugated polymers are described. A regioregular organometallic polymer having 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐butadiene and 9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl units is generated by the reaction of a tellurophene‐containing polymer having the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 5890 and 1.9, respectively, with n‐butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at −78 °C to −60 °C for 3 h. The lithiated polymer thus prepared is subjected to reactions with electrophiles to produce functionalized π‐conjugated polymers. For example, a π‐conjugated polymer possessing 1,4‐bis(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)‐1,3‐butadiene‐1,4‐diyl unit is obtained in 67% yield by the reaction with tri‐n‐butyltin chloride (2.4 equiv.) at −60 °C to ambient temperature for 12 h in tetrahydrofuran, whose Mn and Mw/Mn are estimated as 7320 and 2.5, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography. The absorption maximum and onset of the obtained polymer are observed at 380 and 465 nm, respectively, in the UV–vis spectrum, from which the optical band gap of the polymer is estimated as 2.67 eV.
Amiodarone use and the risk of acute pancreatitis: Influence of different exposure definitions
Authors: Hempenius Mirjam , Groenwold Rolf H.H. , de Boer Anthonius , Klungel Olaf H. , Gardarsdottir Helga 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone has a long half‐life of 60 days, which is often ignored in observational studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different exposure definitions on the association between amiodarone use and the risk of acute pancreatitis.MethodUsing data from the Dutch PHARMO Database Network, incident amiodarone users were compared to incident users of a different type of antiarrhythmic drug. Eighteen different definitions were applied to define amiodarone exposure, including dichotomized, continuous and categorized cumulative definitions with lagged effects to account for the half‐life of amiodarone. For each exposure definition, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis.ResultsThis study included 15,378 starters of amiodarone and 21,394 starters of other antiarrhythmic drugs. Adjusted HRs for acute pancreatitis ranged between 1.21−1.43 for dichotomized definitions of exposure to amiodarone, between 1.13‐1.22 for dose definitions (per DDD) and between 0.52‐1.72 for cumulative dose definitions, depending on the category. Accounting for lagged effects had little impact on estimated HRs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the relative insensitivity of the association between amiodarone and the risk of acute pancreatitis against a broad range of different exposure definitions. Accounting for possible lagged effects had little impact, possibly because treatment switching and discontinuation was uncommon in this population.
Validity of hospital ICD‐10‐GM codes to identify acute liver injury in Germany
Authors: Timmer Antje , de Sordi Dominik , Kappen Sanny , Kohse Klaus Peter , Schink Tania , Perez‐Gutthann Susana , Jacquot Emmanuelle , Deltour Nicolas , Pladevall Manel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeAcute liver injury (ALI) is an important adverse drug reaction. We estimated the positive predictive values (PPVs) of ICD‐10‐GM codes of ALI used in an international postauthorisation safety study (PASS).MethodsAnalyses used routine data (2007 to 2016, adults) from a German academic hospital in a cross‐sectional design. Two algorithms from the PASS were applied to extract potential cases from the hospital information system: specific end point (A) (discharge diagnosis of liver disease–specific codes) and less specific end point (B) (discharge and outpatient‐specific and nonspecific codes suggestive of liver injury). ALI cases were confirmed on the basis of plasma liver enzyme activity elevation. Secondary analysis was performed following exclusion of cases with known cancer, chronic liver, biliary and pancreatic disease, heart failure, and alcohol‐related disorders, as applied in the PASS.ResultsOn the basis of ICD codes: outcome A, 154 cases (143 with case notes and lab data for case verification); outcome B, 485 cases (357 with case notes and lab data). ALI was confirmed in 71 outcome A cases, PPV of 49.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.2%‐58.1%), and 100 outcome B cases, PPV of 28.0% (95% CI, 23.4%‐33.0%). Applying exclusion criteria increased PPV (95% CI) to 62.7% (50.0%‐74.2%) for outcome A and 45.7% (37.2%‐54.3%) for outcome B.ConclusionsIn safety studies on hepatotoxicity based on routine data using ICD‐10‐GM discharge codes and when validation of potential cases is not feasible, only the more specific codes should be used to describe ALI, and competing diagnoses for liver injury should be excluded to avoid substantial misclassification.