bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non-intrusive reduced-order model for finite element analysis of implant positioning in total hip replacements
Authors: Reiber Marlis , Bensel Fynn , Zheng Zhibao , Nackenhorst Udo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sophisticated high-fidelity simulations can predict bone mass density (BMD) changes around a hip implant after implantation. However, these models currently have high computational demands, rendering them impractical for clinical settings. Model order reduction techniques offer a remedy by enabling fast evaluations. In this work, a non-intrusive reduced-order model, combining proper orthogonal decomposition with radial basis function interpolation (POD-RBF), is established to predict BMD distributions for varying implant positions. A parameterised finite element mesh is morphed using Laplace’s equation, which eliminates tedious remeshing and projection of the BMD results on a common mesh in the offline stage. In the online stage, the surrogate model can predict BMD distributions for new implant positions and the results are visualised on the parameterised reference mesh. The computational time for evaluating the final BMD distribution around a new implant position is reduced from minutes to milliseconds by the surrogate model compared to the high-fidelity model. The snapshot data, the surrogate model parameters and the accuracy of the surrogate model are analysed. The presented non-intrusive surrogate model paves the way for on-the-fly evaluations in clinical practice, offering a promising tool for planning and monitoring of total hip replacements.
Decision-making during training of a Swedish navy command and control team: a quantitative study of workload effects
Authors: Hindorf Marie , Bäckström Denise , Jonson Carl-Oscar , Jonsson Anders , Berggren Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study compared two simulation environments for training of Swedish naval Command and Control teams by using indirect measures, including workload, combat readiness, and situation awareness. The literature explains simulation-based training as providing a safe avenue to practice relevant scenarios. Fidelity, the degree of realism in the simulation, and workload, the equilibrium between demands and assigned tasks, are crucial factors examined in this study of low- and high-fidelity naval simulations. This study was conducted to better understand the effects of various training methods. An experimental design with repeated measures was used with three consecutive escalating parts. The subjective, multidimensional assessment tool, NASA-Task Load Index was used to rate perceived workload. Combat readiness of the ship and mental demand yielded significant results. For combat readiness of the ship, there was a difference between the low and the high-fidelity setting, for the initial part of the scenario p = 0.037 and for the second part p = 0.028. Mental demand was experienced as higher in the low-fidelity setting, p = 0.036. Notably, the simulated internal battle training for onboard command teams in a low-fidelity setting was found to induce a level of stress comparable with that experienced in a high-fidelity setting. The results indicate that low-fidelity training results in a workload not distinguishable from high-fidelity training and has practical implications for increased use of low-fidelity training as part of (naval) command team training programmes.
Naming and dividing: the production of residual labour in the region of Doñana
Authors: Buier Natalia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThrough a case study of the production of agricultural wage labour in southwestern Spain, in the region of Doñana, this articles analyses the process of constructing agricultural wage labour as a residual social relation. Through analysis of the deployment of labour in agro-industrial berry production, I trace the ways in which the notions of “temporariness” and “slave work” obscure the centrality of labour in the agricultural production process and conceal the reconfiguration of relations of exploitation.
Machine learning in causal inference for epidemiology
Authors: Moccia Chiara , Moirano Giovenale , Popovic Maja , Pizzi Costanza , Fariselli Piero , Richiardi Lorenzo , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Maule Milena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn causal inference, parametric models are usually employed to address causal questions estimating the effect of interest. However, parametric models rely on the correct model specification assumption that, if not met, leads to biased effect estimates. Correct model specification is challenging, especially in high-dimensional settings. Incorporating Machine Learning (ML) into causal analyses may reduce the bias arising from model misspecification, since ML methods do not require the specification of a functional form of the relationship between variables. However, when ML predictions are directly plugged in a predefined formula of the effect of interest, there is the risk of introducing a “plug-in bias” in the effect measure. To overcome this problem and to achieve useful asymptotic properties, new estimators that combine the predictive potential of ML and the ability of traditional statistical methods to make inference about population parameters have been proposed. For epidemiologists interested in taking advantage of ML for causal inference investigations, we provide an overview of three estimators that represent the current state-of-art, namely Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE), Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) and Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML).
Parental Representations and Emotional Availability: The Case of Children with Autism and Severe Behavior Problems
Authors: Sher-Censor Efrat , Harel Moria , Oppenheim David , Aran Adi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudies suggest that parents’ emotional availability (EA) is associated with children’s wellbeing, including in the case of children with autism. Our study extended prior research by examining the role of parents’ representations in fostering parental EA and by focusing on fathers and on children with autism and severe behavior problems. We expected that parents’ positive representations would be associated with higher EA and compared mothers’ and fathers’ representations and EA. Participants were 79 mothers and 69 fathers (child age range = 61–173 months, 21.95% girls). Representation assessments included the Reaction to Diagnosis Questionnaire, tapping resolution with respect to the child’s diagnosis, and the coherence and positive comments in parents’ Five Minute Speech Samples about the child. Parents’ EA was coded from parent–child play interactions. Controlling for children’s autism symptoms and adaptive functioning, mothers’ resolution with respect to the child’s diagnosis and positive comments (but not coherence) were associated with their EA, and fathers’ coherence (but not positive comments and resolution) was associated with their EA. Mothers expressed more positive comments than fathers, and the resolution and EA scores of mothers and fathers were significantly correlated. Our results highlight the importance of considering both parents’ representations and EA when studying and working with families of children with autism and severe behavior problems.
Tilly versus Milward: Experimental Evidence of Public Preferences for European Defense Amidst the Russian Threat
Authors: Moise Alexandru D. , Truchlewski Zbigniew , Oana Ioana-Elena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFollowing the “bellicist” school of state formation, the external threat of war is expected to spur polity formation by centralizing military capacity (Tilly, in Coercion, Capital, and European States, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1990). It has been argued that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could provide such an impetus for centralization in the EU polity (Kelemen & McNamara, Comparative Political Studies, 55(6):18–34, 2022). We adapt the Tillian argument to the era of mass democracy, where governments need citizen support. Public support is crucial because it can constrain governments in times of crisis, especially regarding salient policies. We do not yet understand what degree of centralization the European public supports and under which conditions it can increase. We conduct an experiment where we vary both the Russian (escalation from presence in Ukraine to the invasion of Moldova or Lithuania) and the American responses (continuation of support vs. withdrawal) and see how European preferences vary for polity building in defense. We field our experiment in 7 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Finland, Poland, and Hungary) with different sensitivities and exposures to the war in Ukraine. We propose an alternative argument to the Tillian approach based on the seminal Milwardian argument according to which polity coordination of national capacities is preferred (Milward, in The European Rescue of the Nation State, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1992). We show theoretically and empirically that external threats can actually hamper polity centralization, at least in the short term. Rather, they strengthen the subunits of a polity through coordination.
Tribute to Kenneth Sauer (1931–2022): a mentor, a role-model, and an inspiration to all in the field of photosynthesis
Authors: Yano Junko , Kern Jan , Blankenship Robert E. , Messinger Johannes , Yachandra Vittal K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKenneth (Ken) Sauer was a mainstay of research in photosynthesis at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for more than 50 years. Ken will be remembered by his colleagues, and other workers in the field of photosynthesis as well, for his pioneering work that introduced the physical techniques whose application have enriched our understanding of the basic reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. His laboratory was a training ground for many students and postdocs who went on to success in the field of photosynthesis and many others. Trained as a physical chemist, he always brought that quantitative approach to research questions and used several spectroscopic methods in his research. His broad scientific interests concerned the role of manganese in oxygen evolution, electronic properties of chlorophylls, energy transport in antenna complexes, and electron transport reactions. He was also an enthusiastic teacher, an enormously successful mentor who leaves behind a legion of scientists as his abiding legacy, a lover of music and the outdoors with many interests beyond science, and a dedicated family man with a great sense of humility. In this tribute, we summarize some aspects of Ken Sauer’s life and career, illustrated with selected research achievements, and describe his approach to research and life as we perceived it, which is complemented by reminiscences of several current researchers in photosynthesis and other fields. The supporting material includes Ken Sauers’s CV and publication list, as well as a list of the graduate students and postdocs he trained and of researchers that spent a sabbatical in his lab.
Referrals and Black-White Coronary Heart Disease Treatment Disparities: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Physician Perspectives
Authors: Qureshi Nabeel , Berry Sandra , Damberg Cheryl L. , Gibson Ben , Popescu Ioana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Black-White coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment disparities are well documented, especially regarding the use of high-quality hospitals. Physician referral networks may play a role.

Objective
To understand how primary care physicians (PCPs) make specialty referrals for CHD treatment and how referrals may contribute to treatment disparities.

Design
Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions.

Participants
We purposively recruited 45 PCPs (50 invited, 90% response rate) in three metro areas with high Black-White segregation of cardiac care networks (New York City; Chicago; Atlanta).

Approach
We developed the focus group discussion guide from interviews and current literature. We conducted two focus groups per metro area via Zoom. Two expert team members independently coded the transcripts using inductive techniques and analyzed focus group content and themes using Dedoose.

Key Results
Most participants were male (62.2%), White (57.8%), and practiced for at least 23 years. We identified several recurrent themes for factors influencing cardiology referrals. The most frequently mentioned themes were heavy reliance on professional networks, specialist availability, timeliness, communication style, patient geographic and economic constraints, and patient preferences. PCPs used anecdotal and not data-driven evidence to assess hospital quality and viewed Black-White differences in high-quality hospital use as due to patient economic status and preferences or differences in hospital access and provider referral bias.

Conclusion
PCPs’ referral decisions for CHD treatment are primarily driven by access to specific professional networks and the socioeconomic circumstances of their patients. Nevertheless, PCPs strive to make the best available decisions, leaning into their networks and honoring patient preferences. While PCPs acknowledged existing disparities, they attributed them to patient and system factors rather than provider referral bias. Mitigating disparities will require interventions to improve minority-serving providers’ formal and informal connections with high-quality specialists and hospitals, address patient socioeconomic constraints, and train providers to recognize their potential biases and misconceptions.
Can spatial planning in the Polish Carpathians be enforced? How spatial chaos indicators depict a gap between scientific knowledge and practice
Authors: Ćwik Agata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite their strategic hydrological importance for neighbouring areas, the Polish Carpathians are experiencing spatial chaos, which may weaken their adaptability to the progressive climate change. The article attempts to answer the question of whether spatial planning, which is supposed to guarantee spatial order, fulfils its role and whether the knowledge of the natural conditions of spatial development is respected in the spatial planning process. Using GIS techniques, up to 238 communes were analysed in terms of their spatial coverage, the degree of scattered settlement, and the violation of natural barriers by location of buildings in areas that are threatened with mass movements or floods; by settlement on excessively inclined slopes and in areas with adverse climatic conditions. Spearman non-parametric rank correlation analysis and the multidimensional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique were performed to investigate relations between spatial chaos indicators and the planning situation. The analysis of the data has revealed that spatial planning does not fulfil its role. Serious errors in location of buildings have been noted even though the communes are covered by local spatial development plans. Scientific knowledge is not sufficiently transferred into planning documents, and bottom-up initiatives cannot replace systemic solutions. There is a need for strengthening the role of environmental studies documents in the spatial planning system. This would facilitate the transfer of scientific knowledge into the planning process and help to protect mountain areas. The development of a special spatial strategy for the Polish Carpathians in compliance with the Carpathian Convention is also recommended.
Increased Risk of Hypoglycemia Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients Without Diabetes: a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Toraih Eman A. , Doma Mohamed , Atwal Aria Kaur , Vlassis Benito , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed , Aiash Hani , Acharya Runa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. However, the incidence and long-term risk of hypoglycemia after surgery in patients without diabetes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypoglycemia following RYGB surgery in patients with obesity and without diabetes.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. The study population included 15,085 patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) who underwent RYGB surgery and 3,200,074 non-surgical controls, all without a history of diabetes or GLP-1 receptor agonist use. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoglycemia, defined by ICD-10-CM codes or laboratory values (glucose ≤ 70 mg/dL). Cox regression analysis was employed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
In the overall study population, the risk of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in the RYGB group (18.70%, n = 2,810) compared to the control group (3.80%, n = 120,923; HR 4.3, 95% CI 4.14–4.46, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching (n = 14,916 per group), RYGB patients maintained an elevated risk (18.70%, n = 2,795) compared to matched controls (5.0%, n = 749; HR 3.7, 95% CI 3.44–4.05, p < 0.001). Time-series analysis revealed consistently higher hypoglycemia risk in the RYGB group, with hazard ratios ranging from 5.37 (95% CI 4.09–7.03) at 1 week to 3.75 (95% CI 3.45–4.06) at 10 years post-surgery (all p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of RYGB patients who developed hypoglycemia showed a 30-day hospitalization rate of 21.3% and a mortality rate of 0.71%.

Conclusion
RYGB surgery is associated with a significantly increased risk of hypoglycemia in patients with obesity and without diabetes, both in the short-term and long-term follow-up. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and managing hypoglycemia in patients undergoing RYGB surgery, even in the absence of preexisting diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Exploring global citizenship education for preservice early childhood teachers in South Korea: critical reflections on transformative pedagogy through journal writing
Authors: Suh Hyun-Sun , Jun Hong-Ju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to reveal how the “Global Citizenship Education (GCE) for Preservice Early Childhood Teachers” course offered at a teacher education program in South Korea fosters critical reflection in preservice early childhood teachers. Of the 21 preservice early childhood teachers who registered for this course, 11 agreed to participate in the research. The participants were asked to submit journals after each class, and the researchers analyzed the content of the participants' journals, focusing on the aspects of key concepts, inquiry, and change. Participants’ journal entries reevaluate the notion of child-centered education, critique institutional biases, and offer a clarifying perspective on the limitations of “equality” in achieving happiness for all. Participants also critically analyzed anthropocentric perspectives and behaviors, exploring how their thinking, being, feeling, and acting were shaped. By illuminating the possibility of providing opportunities to encourage GCE and critical reflection, albeit on a small scale, this study is expected to encourage teacher educators to implement GCE for preservice teachers.
Rethinking the Role of Knowledge Sharing on Organizational Performance in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services
Authors: Danko Lukáš , Crhová Zuzana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen implementing the knowledge-based view on organizations, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the organizational performance. Current research on organizational performance is often fragmented into partial facets leaving the complexity of this domain out of picture. The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational performance, comprising innovativeness, market efficiency, and financial performance. We used partial least squares structural equation modelling on profit-oriented organizations in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The sample consists of 237 observations based on a two-round questionnaire survey, which was distributed to randomly selected companies in the Czech Republic. The results suggest that knowledge sharing between managers and employees enhances organizational performance. Organizations with such kind of knowledge sharing nurture both horizontal and vertical information flow, which in turn fosters innovativeness. Sharing knowledge as a part of work duties are key activities to increase market efficiency and innovativeness. Conversely, the model indicates that despite developing collectivism through sharing best practices and feedback, there is a minimal impact of knowledge sharing on financial performance.
Wind tunnel and flight testing of a lamb wave-based ice accretion sensor
Authors: Pohl Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSevere icing conditions are still a risk in aviation. Heavy ice accretion on aircraft can affect mass and aerodynamic performance in a way, that a catastrophic loss of control may occur. Detecting icing conditions and the extent of ice accretion is therefore essential to react instantly and to assess the severity. This eases the decision to either activate ice protection systems and continue the flight or to leave the icing conditions immediately. These functions can be provided by an icing sensor. Within the EU funded SENS4ICE project, several ice sensors have been developed. One of them is the so-called local ice layer detector (LILD). It uses lamb waves which are guided by the aircraft structure. If an ice accretion happens, the wave guide behavior is affected changing amplitude and lag time of the lamb wave pulses. This can be measured. If the sensor is mounted to a surface on the aircraft which is prone to icing, e.g. the leading edge of the wing, ice can be detected where it is relevant for the aerodynamic performance. Within the project, the sensor hard- and software have been developed to create and measure lamb wave pulses in a wide frequency range. To investigate the influence of ice accretion on the lamb waves, wind tunnel tests were undertaken. Finally, the sensor was investigated in a flight test. In this paper, an overview about the function of the sensor as well as the general signal behavior are given. The results of the wind tunnel test and some preliminary results from the flight tests will be shown. In both tests, the sensor was able to detect even very thin ice layers with minimum delay from the beginning of the ice accretion.