bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Velocity Structure of the Magnetic Quiet Zone and Continent‐Ocean Boundary in the Northeastern South China Sea
Authors: Wan Xiaoli , Li Chun‐Feng , Zhao Minghui , He Enyuan , Liu Siqing , Qiu Xuelin , Lu Yu , Chen Nan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn 2016, we carried out a coincidental multichannel reflection seismic and wide‐angle reflection/refraction seismic experiment along a 320‐km‐long profile across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea. Based on these new data, we studied velocity structure of the transitional continental crust using both forward modeling and travel‐time tomography. The velocity model shows that Mesozoic sediments have velocities of 4.3–5.3 km/s and are about 3–6 km thick in the magnetically quiet Chaoshan Depression and the attenuated transitional continental crust. Using forward magnetic modeling, we confirm that the presence of this thick Mesozoic layer with low magnetic susceptibility induces the magnetic quiet zone and show that the lower crust high‐velocity materials have limited effect on magnetic anomalies. This Mesozoic layer pinches out seaward near the continent‐ocean boundary (COB). Two apparently isolated high‐velocity anomalies are revealed in the lower crust of the continental slope. The first has velocities of 7.0–7.5 km/s and a maximum thickness of 8 km, and the second has velocities of 7.0–7.3 km/s and a maximum thickness of 3 km. We find that the discontinuity of the high‐velocity zones is not due to the lack of some seismic phases or lose of a seismometer. We suggest that postspreading magmatism caused these high‐velocity zones. A third high‐velocity zone, showing a distinctly large velocity gradient, is revealed near the COB. This indicates upper mantle upwelling and/or exhumation right at the COB, despite recent unsuccess in directly sampling these deep materials in the South China Sea.
A Spatial‐Temporal Extreme Precipitation Database from GPM IMERG
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Nelson Kevin , Mohr Karen I. , Huffman George J. , Levy Robert , Grecu Mircea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtreme precipitation events (EPEs) have the potential to create catastrophic flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage. We diagnose the spatial and temporal characteristics of EPEs by using the Integrated Multi‐SatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM; IMERG) precipitation estimates to construct spatial‐temporal (xy‐t) EPEs that depict both the spatial extent and temporal evolution of precipitation systems. EPEs were constructed using a recursive‐fractal approach to classify the precipitating grids across space and time as belonging to the same system, thus identifying events. This classification enables the accurate depiction of duration, areal coverage, total volume, and propagation of each EPE over its entire life cycle. Results from 4 years of IMERG statistics over the contiguous United States show that the most frequent EPEs have duration between 3 and 6 hr, an affected area of 103–5 × 104 km2, and a total precipitation volume of 106–108 m3. Spatially, EPEs occur most frequently in the northwest and northeast in the winter and spring and the southwest and southeast in summer. Fall has the least number of EPEs, and summer exhibits some of the heaviest and largest precipitation events. The diurnal cycle in frequency and precipitation volume is most prominent in summer, weaker in spring and fall, and is not discernible in winter, especially for events lasting fewer than 6 hr. The event propagation speeds indicate the influence of large‐scale circulations as winter events tend to move faster than those in the other seasons.
Comparison of Antarctic and Arctic Single‐Layer Stratiform Mixed‐Phase Cloud Properties Using Ground‐Based Remote Sensing Measurements
Authors: Zhang Damao , Vogelmann Andrew , Kollias Pavlos , Luke Edward , Yang Fan , Lubin Dan , Wang Zhien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGround‐based remote sensing measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) campaign at the McMurdo station and the ARM North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Utqiaġvik site are used to retrieve and analyze single‐layer stratiform mixed‐phase cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties for these different polar environments. Single‐layer stratiform mixed‐phase clouds have annual frequencies of occurrence of ~14.7% at Utqiaġvik and ~7.3% at McMurdo, with the highest occurrences in early autumn. Compared to Utqiaġvik, stratiform mixed‐phase clouds at McMurdo have overall higher and colder cloud‐tops, thicker ice layer depth, thinner liquid‐dominated layer depth, and smaller liquid water path. These properties show clear seasonal variations. Supercooled liquid fraction at McMurdo is greater than at Utqiaġvik because, at a given temperature, McMurdo clouds have comparable liquid water paths but smaller ice water paths. Analyses of retrieved cloud microphysical properties show that compared to Utqiaġvik, stratiform mixed‐phase clouds at McMurdo have greater liquid droplet number concentration, smaller layer‐mean effective radius, and smaller ice water content and ice number concentration at a given cloud‐top temperature. These relationships may be related to different aerosol loading and chemical composition, and environment dynamics. Results presented in this study can be used as observational constraints for model representations of stratiform mixed‐phase clouds.
Characterization of Ice‐Nucleating Particles Over Northern India
Authors: Yadav S. , Venezia R. E. , Paerl R. W. , Petters M. D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe sources and concentrations of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) over India are not well known. Here, INP concentrations in rainwater from Northern India and a dust sample from the Thar Desert are characterized. Rainwater INP concentrations ranged between 104 and 3 × 107 L−1 water, spanning temperatures between −4 and −28 °C. During the monsoon season, INP concentrations were low and approached those in remote marine air mass. During the winter season, INPs active between −4 to −10 °C were occasionally observed. An increase in INP activity sometimes occurred after the initial onset of rain. The onset freezing temperature of samples active at warmer temperatures was shifted to colder temperature after heat treatment, suggesting that the INP activity stemmed from biological influence. Plating was used to isolate and sequence INP active bacterial strains from some of the rainwater samples, specifically strains of close taxonomic affiliation with the ice nucleating genera Pantoea. The size‐resolved ice nucleation active site density for 200–600‐nm particles of Thar Desert Dust ranged between 107 and 109 m−2 at −20 °C, values similar to dusts from other regions of the world. The data reported herein may help constrain models that seek to predict the impact of INP on the properties of mixed‐phased clouds over the Indian subcontinent.
Features of the Deep Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the Taklimakan Desert in the Summertime and its Influence on Regional Circulation
Authors: Wang Minzhong , Xu Xiangde , Xu Hongxiong , Lenschow Donald H. , Zhou Mingyu , Zhang Jiantao , Wang Yinjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo investigate the features of the extremely deep atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the Taklimakan Desert (TD) and its influence, this paper utilizes sounding data obtained from a month‐long intensive field campaign carried out in July 2016 over the TD to study the structure of the 5,000‐m‐depth ABL over the desert and the features of its temporal and spatial variations. The differences and causes of the regional circulation are analyzed for both the deep ABL and shallow ABL over the TD. We show that (1) deep ABLs occurred frequently in the hinterland and the surrounding areas of the TD in July 2016. The numbers of days when the ABL height reached 4,000 m at Tazhong, Minfeng, Korla, Ruoqiang, and Kashgar are 8, 9, 5, 4, and 2, respectively, and the numbers of days when the ABL height exceeded 3,000 m at the above locations are 20, 22, 13, 15, and 5, respectively. (2) The ABL height reached 5,000 m over the TD on 1 July 2016. The diurnal variation of the ABL appears in such a manner that it develops and intensifies gradually from southeast to northwest direction. The middle of the desert witnesses large values of ABL heights. The ABL height in the desert is obviously higher than those in the surrounding oases and in the northern part of Xinjiang. (3) On 1 July 2016, a deep ABL process is accompanied by a strong easterly low‐level jet on the following night, which triggers significant air accumulation and dynamic convergence in the lower‐level atmosphere over the middle and west of the TD, thus intensifying the divergence and anticyclonic circulation at the 500‐hPa middle‐level atmosphere. (4) The influence of the deep ABL process on 1 July on the regional circulation mainly occurs below 400 hPa, while its influence is relatively small above 400 hPa. This type of influence is also regional, as it mainly occurs over the TD and its surrounding areas. This study enriches the understanding of the deep ABL process over the TD and its influence.
Active Crustal Deformation in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as Evidenced by Historical Earthquakes During the Last 450 Years
Authors: Suárez Gerardo , Caballero‐Jiménez Gema V. , Novelo‐Casanova David A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is oblique to the subduction zone. Background seismicity is very low. Nevertheless, two large instrumental earthquakes were recorded: the 1912 Acambay (Mw6.9) and the 1920 Jalapa (Mw6.4) earthquakes. Macroseismic data were systematically searched for crustal earthquakes on the TMVB contained in historical accounts. The macroseismic reports were inverted for the best fitting magnitude and epicenter. The western end of the TMVB shows the highest level of seismic activity. An earthquake is reported in 1568 (Mw7.2 ± 0.2) and a second large event took place in 1875 (Mw7.0 ± 0.2). Two other earthquakes are reported in the western TMVB in 1611 and 1749 (Mw6.4). The 1858 earthquake (Mw7.6 ± 0.3), in the central TMVB occurred on faults located to the west of the 1912 Acambay event. The eastern TMVB is less active. An earthquake in 1575 (Mw5.7) occurred east of the city of Puebla. The 1887 (Mw6.2 ± 0.2) and the 1920 Jalapa earthquakes are the larger events in this region. The seismicity observed from the instrumental and historical seismicity catalogs show that active tectonic deformation occurs throughout the TMVB and that it is not confined to specific regions where instrumental earthquakes have been located and active faults mapped. The number of large earthquakes in the TMVB, suggest unique large‐scale deformation of this complex volcanic belt. The presence of large earthquakes in this tectonic province, where 40% of the population of Mexico live, underlines the importance of reevaluating hazard in this densely populated region.
Rapid screening of copy number variations in STRC by droplet digital PCR in patients with mild-to-moderate hearing loss
Authors: Ito Taku , Kawashima Yoshiyuki , Fujikawa Taro , Honda Keiji , Makabe Ayane , Kitamura Ken , Tsutsumi Takeshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) are commonly reported in STRC, the causal gene for DFNB16. Various techniques are used clinically for CNV detection, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) provides highly precise absolute quantification of DNA copy number. We aimed to validate the feasibility and efficiency of ddPCR in combination with long-range PCR (LR-PCR) in identifying CNVs and mutations in STRC. Additionally, we determined the frequency of CNVs and mutations in STRC in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. We evaluated 84 unrelated Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate bilateral idiopathic or autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. The ratio of STRC copy number to the copy number of the internal control RPP30 ranged from 0.949 to 1.009 (0.989 ± 0.017) in 77 patients; it ranged from 0.484 to 0.538 (0.509 ± 0.024) in five patients and was 0.000 in two patients, indicating heterozygous and homozygous deletions, respectively. The copy number deletion prevalence rates were 7.7% and 0.9% in the patients and healthy controls, respectively. In combination with LR-PCR, ddPCR revealed that at least three patients (3.6%) had STRC-related hearing loss. Detecting STRC CNVs by ddPCR was rapid, precise, and cost-effective and facilitated the identification of STRC CNVs.
Dataset on equine cartilage near infrared spectra, composition, and functional properties
Authors: Sarin Jaakko K. , Torniainen Jari , Prakash Mithilesh , Rieppo Lassi , Afara Isaac O. , Töyräs Juha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique that is widely employed in agriculture, chemometrics, and pharmaceutical engineering. Recently, the technique has shown potential in clinical orthopaedic applications, for example, assisting in the diagnosis of various knee-related diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) and their pathologies. NIR spectroscopy (NIRS) could be especially useful for determining the integrity and condition of articular cartilage, as the current arthroscopic diagnostics is subjective and unreliable. In this work, we present an extensive dataset of NIRS measurements for evaluating the condition, mechanical properties, structure, and composition of equine articular cartilage. The dataset contains NIRS measurements from 869 different locations across the articular surfaces of five equine fetlock joints. A comprehensive library of reference values for each measurement location is also provided, including results from a mechanical indentation testing, digital densitometry imaging, polarized light microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The published data can either be used as a model of human cartilage or to advance equine veterinary research.
De novo transcriptome assembly for four species of crustose coralline algae and analysis of unique orthologous genes
Authors: Page Tessa M. , McDougall Carmel , Diaz-Pulido Guillermo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCrustose coralline algae (CCA) are calcifying red macroalgae that reef build in their own right and perform essential ecosystem functions on coral reefs worldwide. Despite their importance, limited genetic information exists for this algal group.De novotranscriptomes were compiled for four species of common tropical CCA using RNA-seq. Sequencing generated between 66 and 87 million raw reads. Transcriptomes were assembled, redundant contigs removed, and remaining contigs were annotated using Trinotate. Protein orthology analysis was conducted between CCA species and two noncalcifying red algae species from NCBI that have published genomes and transcriptomes, and 978 orthologous protein groups were found to be uniquely shared amongst CCA. Functional enrichment analysis of these ‘CCA-specific’ proteins showed a higher than expected number of sequences from categories relating to regulation of biological and cellular processes, such as actin related proteins, heat shock proteins, and adhesion proteins. Some proteins found within these enriched categories, i.e. actin and GH18, have been implicated in calcification in other taxa, and are thus candidates for involvement in CCA calcification. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of gene content in these species, offering insights not only into the evolution of coralline algae but also of the Rhodophyta more broadly.
The role of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in the formation and functioning of endothelial tip cells during angiogenesis
Authors: Yetkin-Arik Bahar , Vogels Ilse M. C. , Nowak-Sliwinska Patrycja , Weiss Andrea , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Van Noorden Cornelis J. F. , Klaassen Ingeborg , Schlingemann Reinier O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring sprouting angiogenesis, an individual endothelial tip cell grows out from a pre-existing vascular network and guides following and proliferating stalk cells to form a new vessel. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration as the major sources of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) for energy production are differentially activated in these types of endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis. Therefore, we studied energy metabolism during angiogenesis in more detail in tip cell and non-tip cell human umbilical vein ECs. Small interfering RNA was used to inhibit transcription of glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 or LDHA and mitochondrial enzyme PDHA1 to test whether inhibition of these specific pathways affects tip cell differentiation and sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that glycolysis is essential for tip cell differentiation, whereas both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration occur during proliferation of non-tip cells and in sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration causes adaptation of EC metabolism by increasing glycolysis and vice versa. In conclusion, our studies show a complex but flexible role of the different metabolic pathways to produce ATP in the regulation of tip cell and non-tip cell differentiation and functioning during sprouting angiogenesis.
Newly developed Laboratory-based Size exclusion chromatography Small-angle x-ray scattering System (La-SSS)
Authors: Inoue Rintaro , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Morishima Ken , Sato Nobuhiro , Okuda Aya , Urade Reiko , Yogo Rina , Yanaka Saeko , Yagi-Utsumi Maho , Kato Koichi , Omoto Kazuki , Ito Kazuki , Sugiyama Masaaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo understand a biological system, it is important to observe structures of biomolecules in the solution where the system is functionalized. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering coupled with Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC-SAXS) is one of techniques to selectively observe the target molecules in the multi-component system. However, this technique is believed to be available only with a synchrotron-based SAXS instrument due to requirement of high beam intensity and, therefore, the limitation of the beam time was obstacle to satisfy demands from many bio-researchers. We newly developed Laboratory-based Size exclusion chromatography SAXS System (La-SSS) by utilizing a latest laboratory-based SAXS instrument and finely optimization of the balance between flow rate, cell volume, irradiation time and so on. La-SSS succeeded not only decoupling of target protein(s) from non-specific aggregates but also measurement of each concerned component in a multi-component system. In addition, an option: “stopping mode”, which is designed for improving statistics of SAXS profile, realized a high S/N data acquisition for the most interesting protein in a multi-component system. Furthermore, by utilizing a column having small bed volume, the small-scale SEC-SAXS study makes available. Through optimization of instrumental parameters and environments, La-SSS is highly applicable for experimental requirements from various biological samples. It is strongly expected that a La-SSS concept must be a normal option for laboratory-based SAXS in the near future.
Copper oxide nanoparticles inhibit pancreatic tumor growth primarily by targeting tumor initiating cells
Authors: Benguigui Madeleine , Weitz Iris S. , Timaner Michael , Kan Tal , Shechter Dvir , Perlman Or , Sivan Sarit , Raviv Ziv , Azhari Haim , Shaked Yuval 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells, also termed tumor initiating cells (TICs), are a rare population of cells within the tumor mass which initiate tumor growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, TICs significantly contribute to tumor re-growth after therapy, due to their intrinsic resistance. Here we demonstrate that copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are cytotoxic against TIC-enriched PANC1 human pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Specifically, treatment with CuO-NPs decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis in TIC-enriched PANC1 cultures to a greater extent than in standard PANC1 cultures. These effects are associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CuO-NPs inhibit tumor growth in a pancreatic tumor model in mice. Tumors from mice treated with CuO-NPs contain a significantly higher number of apoptotic TICs in comparison to tumors from untreated mice, confirming that CuO-NPs target TICs in vivo. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of using CuO-NPs as a new therapeutic modality for pancreatic cancer.
Cobalt(ii) cation binding by proteins
Authors: Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich , Khrustaleva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Poboinev Victor Vitoldovich , Karchevskaya Carolina Igorevna , Shablovskaya Elizaveta Aleksandrovna , Terechova Tatyana Germanovna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Herein, a set of non-homologous proteins (238) that could bind the cobalt(ii) cations was selected from all the available Protein Data Bank structures with Co2+ cations. The secondary structure motifs around the amino acid residues that most frequently bind the Co2+ cations (His, Asp, and Glu) as well as the amino acid contents of the inner and outer spheres of complexes were studied. The residues forming coordination bonds to Co2+ (from the inner spheres of the complexes) are overrepresented in the regions of random coil between two β strands, between a β strand and α helix, and in all types of β strands, except that situated between an α helix and β strand. The residues situated at a distance of less than 5 Å from the Co2+ cations, but unable to form coordination bond to them (from the outer spheres of the complexes), are overrepresented in the regions of coil between the β strand and α helix and between two β strands. The data obtained for the Co2+ binding sites was compared with the data obtained for the Mg2+ and Mn2+ binding sites. Although the preferable motifs of the secondary structure for Co2+ binding (beta strand–loop–beta strand and beta strand–loop–alpha helix) are the same as those for Mg2+ and Mn2+, there are some differences in the amino acid contents of the inner and outer spheres of these complexes. The Co2+ cations are preferably coordinated by a combination of His and Glu residues, whereas the Mn2+ and Mg2+ cations prefer a combination of His and Asp and just Asp residues, respectively. As a result, two computer algorithms were developed that could evaluate the possibility of Mg2+ and Mn2+ replacement by the Co2+ cations (chemres.bsmu.by). These algorithms should help to investigate the pathogenesis of cobalt intoxication occurring in patients with cobalt-containing artificial joints.
Tin thiocarbonohydrazone complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and biological evaluation
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Yu-Ting , Fang Yan , Lu Yan-Li , Li Ming-Xue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, three organotin complexes formulated as [(Me)2Sn(H2L1)] (1), [(Ph)2Sn(H2L1)]·MeOH (2) and [(Me)2Sn(HL2)(OAc)]4(Me)2O (3) (H4L1 = bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazone and H2L2 = bis(2-acetylpyrazine) thiocarbonohydrazone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Growth inhibition assays indicated that both the proligands and the three complexes are capable of showing anticancer activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with H2L2 and complex 3 showing much higher cytotoxic potential. Subsequent toxicity studies on normal QSG7701cells showed that complex 3 has the highest tumor cell selectivity, and its IC50 value on QSG7701 cells is 8.48 fold higher than that in HepG2 cells. In acute toxicity experiments, complex 3 produces a dose-dependent effect in NIH mice with a LD50 value of 17.2 mg kg−1.