bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ask Your Doctor Whether This Product is Right for You: A Bayesian Joint Model for Patient Drug Requests and Physician Prescriptions
Authors: Pareek Bhuvanesh , Liu Qiang , Ghosh Pulak 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe goal of this research is to study jointly physician prescription decisions and patient drug request behaviours. We have adopted a binary logit model and a multinomial logit model to study patient drug request data with excessive zero requests and a multinomial logit model to capture physician prescription decisions. These models are further joined by a flexible non-parametric multivariate distribution for their random effects. We also adopt an analytically consistent expression for interaction effects in our non-linear and joint modelling framework. We apply our model to a unique physician panel data set from the erectile dysfunction category. Our key empirical findings include that the triggering of drug requests by direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) is complex with category level DTCA reducing patients’ probabilities of making drug requests and drug-specific DTCA driving drug requests for the drug advertised, patients’ characteristics may play a role in both the influence of DTCA on drug requests and the influence of patients’ requests on physicians’ prescription decisions, patients’ drug requests have a positive effect on physicians’ prescription decisions and patients can be consistent with physicians in choosing a drug based on their diagnosis levels and some unobserved factors, and there are significant correlations between physician level random effects that drive both patients’ drug requests and physicians’ prescription decisions, which validate the joint modelling approach.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Three Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Farmed Deer in New Zealand
Authors: Browne A. Springer , Biggs Patrick J. , Elliott Alice , Jaros Patricia , French Nigel P. , Midwinter Anne C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
bacteria commonly colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of farmed ruminants. Cattle are a well-recognized reservoir of zoonotic
E. coli
; we report here, however, the draft genome sequences of three diarrheagenic
E. coli
strains isolated from farmed red deer (
Cervus elaphus
) in the Manawatu region of New Zealand.
Use of Quick Response (QR) coded bracelets and cards for the improvement of cortisol deficiency/Addison’s disease management: an audit of quality of care of the management of steroid deficiency in acute illness
Authors: Colman Andrew W , Sellick Jack F K , Weaver Jolanta Urszula 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAn adrenal crisis is a rare but life-threatening condition in which hydrocortisone and fluid resuscitation must be given promptly to prevent hypotensive shock and death. A clinical audit assessed healthcare professionals’ experience of adrenal crisis management and if there was a need for immediate access to clinical guidelines. The proposed system in which a patient-worn Quick Response (QR) coded bracelet provides healthcare professionals with web-based clinical information in acute settings was explored for the management of adrenal crisis.MethodsFifty-four healthcare professionals, 21 doctors, 12 nurses, 15 paramedics and 6 dentists completed a questionnaire about the care, confidence in managing an adrenal crisis and the feasibility of using a QR-coded bracelet designed and linked to a website dedicated to patient information on steroid replacement therapy we have developed.Results37% of healthcare professionals have never seen and 59% have never managed an adrenal crisis. The median confidence score (1—low to 7—high) in managing an adrenal crisis varied for doctors, nurses, paramedics and dentists between 5, 2, 4.5 and 1.5, respectively. 94% of healthcare professionals thought the proposed QR code-linked system was useful and 84% would use it in an acute setting. The median usability score (1—low to 7—high) for the QR code-linked system for healthcare professionals was 6.5 out of 7.ConclusionThere is a clinical need to improve the acute management of adrenal crisis and QR code-linked information was desired by healthcare professionals. QR code-linked information may allow patients with rare diseases presenting acutely to receive improved management through immediate access to treatment protocols.
Health and Prevention Enhancement (H-PEACE): a retrospective, population-based cohort study conducted at the Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center, Korea
Authors: Lee Changhyun , Choe Eun Kyung , Choi Ji Min , Hwang Yunji , Lee Young , Park Boram , Chung Su Jin , Kwak Min-Sun , Lee Jong-Eun , Kim Joo Sung , Park Sue Kyung , Cho Sang-Heon 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe Health and Prevention Enhancement (H-PEACE) study was designed to investigate the association of diagnostic imaging results, biomarkers and the predisease stage of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as malignancies and metabolic diseases, in an average-risk population in Korea.ParticipantsThis study enrolled a large-scale retrospective cohort at the Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, from October 2003 to December 2014.Findings to dateThe baseline and follow-up information collected in the predisease stage of NCDs allows for evaluation of an individual’s potential NCD risk, which is necessary for establishing personalised prevention strategies. A total of 91 336 health examinees were included in the cohort, and we repeatedly measured and collected information for 50.9% (n=46 484) of the cohort members. All participants completed structured questionnaires (lifestyle, medical history, mini-dietary assessment index, sex-specific variables and psychiatric assessment), doctors’ physical examinations, laboratory blood and urine tests and digital chest X-ray imaging. For participants with available data, we also obtained information on specific diagnostic variables using advanced diagnostic tests, including coronary CT for coronary calcium scores, colonoscopy and brain MRI. Furthermore, 17 455 of the participants who provided informed consent and donated blood samples were enrolled into the Gene-environmental interaction and phenotype study, a subcohort of the H-PEACE, from October 2013, and we analysed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array data for 6579 of these blood samples.Future plansThe data obtained from this cohort will be used to facilitate advanced and accurate diagnostic techniques related to NCDs while considering various phenotypes. Potential collaborators can access the dataset after receiving approval from our institutional review board. Applications can be submitted on the study homepage (http://en-healthcare.snuh.org/HPEACEstudy).
Effectiveness of the facility-based maternal near-miss case reviews in improving maternal and newborn quality of care in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Richardson Sonia , Ciardelli Valentina , Erenbourg Anna 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe maternal near-miss case review (NMCR) has been promoted by WHO as an approach to improve quality of care (QoC) at facility level. This systematic review synthesises evidence on the effectiveness of the NMCR on QoC and maternal and perinatal health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsStudies were searched for in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Index Medicus, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, Embase, LILACS), with no language restrictions. Two authors independently screened papers and selected them for inclusion and independently extracted data. Maternal mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included any outcome informing on any of the six dimensions of QoC: efficacy, safety, efficiency, equity, accessibility and timely care, acceptability and patient-centred care.ResultsOut of 24 822 papers retrieved, 17 studies from 11 countries were included. Maternal mortality measured before and after the implementation of the NMCR cycle significantly decreased (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98, eight studies, 55 573 043 women; I2=39%). A statistically significant reduction in the incidence of uterine rupture, postpartum haemorrhage and maternal sepsis was observed in three out of six studies. Ten studies reporting on maternal care process all showed some significant improvement when measured against predefined standards. All studies reported that the NMCR resulted in some amelioration of the facility structure (physical structure, staffing, equipment, training, organisation of care). Newborn outcomes were overall poorly reported; four studies showed no significant difference in perinatal mortality. Patient satisfaction and equity were also poorly reported.ConclusionsPolicy makers may consider implementing the maternal NMCR cycle approach among strategies aiming at improving QoC and reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in LMIC. Future studies should better document the effectiveness of the NMCR cycle particularly on outcomes reflecting patient-centred care and cost-effectiveness.
Obesity and eating disorders in integrative prevention programmes for adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Leme Ana Carolina Barco , Thompson Debbe , Lenz Dunker Karin Louise , Nicklas Theresa , Tucunduva Philippi Sonia , Lopez Tabbetha , Vézina-Im Lydi-Anne , Baranowski Tom 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionObesity and eating disorders are public health problems that have lifelong financial and personal costs and common risk factors, for example, body dissatisfaction, weight teasing and disordered eating. Obesity prevention interventions might lead to the development of an eating disorder since focusing on weight may contribute to excessive concern with diet and weight. Therefore, the proposed research will assess whether integrating obesity and eating disorder prevention procedures (‘integrated approach’) do better than single approach interventions in preventing obesity among adolescents, and if integrated approaches influence weight-related outcomes.Methods and analysisIntegrated obesity and eating disorder prevention interventions will be identified. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials reporting data on adolescents ranging from 10 to 19 years of age from both sexes will be included. Outcomes of interest include body composition, unhealthy weight control behaviours and body satisfaction measurements. MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and SciELO will be searched. Data will be extracted independently by two reviewers using a standardised data extraction form. Trial quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria. The effects of integrated versus single approach intervention studies will be compared using systematic review procedures. If an adequate number of studies report data on integrated interventions among similar populations (k>5), a meta-analysis with random effects will be conducted. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression will be performed only if between-study heterogeneity is high (I2≥75%).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be required as this is a systematic review of published studies. The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.
Physical work exposure, chronic musculoskeletal pain and risk of insomnia: longitudinal data from the HUNT study, Norway
Authors: Skarpsno Eivind Schjelderup , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Sand Trond , Hagen Knut , Mork Paul Jarle 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo prospectively investigate (i) the association of physical work demands and work-related physical fatigue with risk of insomnia symptoms and (ii) if these associations are influenced by chronic musculoskeletal pain.MethodsProspective study on a working population of 8563 women and 7598 men participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Norway) who reported no insomnia at baseline in 1995–1997. Occurrence of insomnia symptoms was assessed at follow-up in 2006–2008. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for insomnia symptoms with 95% CI.ResultsCompared with workers without work-related physical fatigue, women and men who reported that they were always fatigued had RRs of insomnia of 2.34 (95% CI 1.72 to 3.18) and 2.47 (95% CI 1.59 to 3.83), respectively. Overall, physical work demands was not associated with risk of insomnia, although men who reported heavy physical work had an RR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.97) compared with men with mostly sedentary work. Compared with the reference group of workers without work-related physical fatigue and no chronic pain, analyses of joint effects showed that women with excessive work-related fatigue had an RR of 4.20 (95% CI 2.95 to 5.98) if they reported chronic pain and an RR of 1.67 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.18) if they did not. Corresponding RRs in men were 3.55 (95% CI 2.11 to 5.98) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.07 to 4.25).ConclusionThese findings suggest that there is an interplay between work-related physical fatigue and musculoskeletal pain that should receive particular attention in the prevention of insomnia in working populations.
Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys
Authors: Nargis Nigar , Stoklosa Michal , Drope Jeffrey , Fong Geoffrey T , Quah Anne C K , Driezen Pete , Shang Ce , Chaloupka Frank J , Hussain A K M Ghulam 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe price of tobacco products in relation to the income of tobacco users—affordability—is recognised as a key determinant of tobacco use behaviour. The effectiveness of a price increase as a deterrent to tobacco use depends on how much price increases in relation to the income of the potential users. The aim of this paper is to examine the distribution of and trends in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh.MethodUsing four waves of International Tobacco Control Survey data on Bangladesh, this study measures affordability of tobacco products at the individual level as the ratio of self-reported price and self-reported income. The trends in affordability by brand categories of cigarettes and of bidi and smokeless tobacco are estimated using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsDespite significant increase in price, the affordability of cigarettes increased between 2009 and 2014–2015 due to income growth outpacing price increase. The increase was disproportionately larger for more expensive brands. The affordability of bidis increased over this period as well. The affordability of smokeless tobacco products remained unchanged between 2011–2012 and 2014–2015.ConclusionThe tax increases that were implemented during 2009–2015 were not enough to increase tobacco product prices sufficiently to outweigh the effect of income growth, and to reduce tobacco consumption. The findings from this research inform policymakers that in countries experiencing rapid economic growth, significant tax increases are needed to counteract the effect of income growth, in order for the tax increases to be effective in reducing tobacco use.
Influence of Nonlinearities on the Behavior of Parametrically Excited Articulated Pipes Conveying Fluid
Authors: Rousselet J. , Herrmann G. 
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the analysis of a system of articulated pipes hanging vertically under the influence of gravity. The liquid, driven by a slightly fluctuating pressure, circulates through the pipes. Similar systems have been analysed in the past by numerous authors but a common feature of their work is that the behavior of the fluid flow is prescribed, rather than left to be determined by the laws of motion. This leads to a linear formulation of the problem which can not predict the behavior of the system for finite amplitudes of motion. A circumstance in which this behavior is important arises in the stability analysis of the system in the neighbourhood of critical velocities, that is, flow velocities at which the system starts to flutter. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate in greater detail the region close to critical velocities in order to find by how much these critical velocities would be affected by the amplitudes of motion. This led to a set of three coupled-nonlinear equations, one of which represents the motion of the fluid. In the mathematical development, use is made of a scheme which permits the uncoupling of the modes of motion of damped nonconservative dynamic systems. Results are presented showing the importance of the nonlinearities considered.
Influence Functions in the Numerical Analysis of Bending of Thin Elastic Plates
Authors: Mohsen Mohammed F.N. , Al-Gadhib Ali A. , Baluch Mohammed H. 
Published: April 2018

A numerical method for the linear analysis of thin plates of arbitrary plan form and subjected to arbitrary loading and boundary conditions is presented in this paper. This method is an extension of the Wu-Altiero method [1] where use has been made of the force influence function for an infinite plate, whereas the work contained in this paper is based on the use of the moment influence function of an infinite plate. The technique basically involves embedding the real plate into a fictitious infinite plate for which the moment influence function is known. N points are prescribed at the plate boundary at which the boundary conditions for the original problem are collocated by means of 2N fictitious moments placed around contours outside the domain of the real plate. A system of 2N linear algebraic equations in the unknown moments is obtained. The solution of the system yields the unknown moments. These may in turn be used to compute deflection, moments or shear at any point in the thin plate. Finally, the method is extended to include influence functions of both concentrated forces and concentrated moments. This is obtained by applying concentrated moments and forces simultaneously on the contours located outside the domain of the plate.
Finite σ-soluble groups in which σ-permutability is a transitive relation
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxing , Cao Chenchen , Guo Wenbin 
Published: April 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be some partition of the set of all primes [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] a finite group and [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] of subgroups of [Formula: see text] is said to be a complete Hall[Formula: see text]-set of [Formula: see text] if every member [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a Hall [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] contains exactly one Hall [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text]. A subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text]-quasinormal or [Formula: see text]-permutable in [Formula: see text] provided there is a complete Hall [Formula: see text]-set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the structure of some generalized soluble groups [Formula: see text] in which [Formula: see text]-permutability is a transitive relation in [Formula: see text].
Modelling the 1929 Grand Banks slump and landslide tsunami
Authors: Løvholt Finn , Schulten Irena , Mosher David , Harbitz Carl , Krastel Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

On 18 November 1929, an M
w
7.2 earthquake occurred south of Newfoundland, displacing >100 km
3
of sediment volume that evolved into a turbidity current. The resulting tsunami was recorded across the Atlantic and caused fatalities in Newfoundland. This tsunami is attributed to sediment mass failure because no seafloor displacement due to the earthquake has been observed. No major headscarp, single evacuation area nor large mass transport deposit has been observed and it is still unclear how the tsunami was generated. There have been few previous attempts to model the tsunami and none of these match the observations. Recently acquired seismic reflection data suggest that rotational slumping of a thick sediment mass may have occurred, causing seafloor displacements up to 100 m in height. We used this new information to construct a tsunamigenic slump source and also carried out simulations assuming a translational landslide. The slump source produced sufficiently large waves to explain the high tsunami run-ups observed in Newfoundland and the translational landslide was needed to explain the long waves observed in the far field. However, more analysis is needed to derive a coherent model that more closely combines geological and geophysical observations with landslide and tsunami modelling.
Multiple lines of field evidence to inform fracture network connectivity at a shale site contaminated with dense non-aqueous phase liquids
Authors: Parker Beth L. , Chapman Steven W. , Goldstein Kenneth J. , Cherry John A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Conceptual models of the fracture networks in shale were evaluated at a site contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Prior borehole testing in eight holes under open hole ambient and pumping conditions identified 14 flow zones (140 m bedrock interval) with zero to five zones per hole. Cross-hole testing showed only a few cross-connections between transmissive fractures. The initial conceptual model thus featured a sparse fracture network with few dominant fractures. Detailed profiles (hydraulic head, rock core volatile organic compounds, groundwater volatile organic compounds from packer and multi-level sampling, cross-hole multi-level monitoring of permanganate injections) were collected from several holes and indicated a well-connected fracture network with many hydraulically active fractures not influenced by open hole cross-connection. This contrasting conceptual model contained numerous well-connected horizontal and vertical fractures that allowed chlorinated solvents to penetrate the upper 50–60 m of bedrock as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, followed by diffusion-driven mass transfer from fractures into the porous rock matrix, such that nearly all the contaminant mass resided as dissolved and sorbed phases, measurable in rock core without cross-contamination during drilling. The difference in the two conceptual models has important implications for source zone and plume attenuation.
Geikie's field researches and their geological controversies
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. , Matthews Stephen J. , Morgan Richard K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Archibald Geikie's (1835–1924) field research led to better understanding of geological relationships and, ultimately, Earth processes. We consider three pieces of research in Scotland, from his early work on Skye through to the execution and impact of his 1860 expedition to the NW Highlands with Murchison, returning to Skye to consider arguments with Judd on igneous relationships. We describe the field locations and place modern interpretations in their historical context. We discuss how methods and approaches for building interpretations in the field were modified and improved through debates. Reliance on a few ‘critical outcrops’ served to anchor interpretation at the expense of understanding more complex exposures. Similar bias appears to have arisen from using simple exploratory transects which were only mitigated by proper mapping approaches. Significant misunderstandings between protagonists appear to have arisen through the reliance of text description rather than diagrammatic illustrations. The vitriolic nature of debate seems to have anchored misinterpretations, obscured interpretational uncertainty and promoted false-reasoning by inhibiting inclusive scientific engagement.