bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Electron Transfer Organic Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ning Jiaoyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant attention as next‐generation energy storage systems. However, developing high‐energy‐density cathode materials remains a critical challenge. Organic compounds with multi‐electron transfer processes offer a promising solution to this issue. In this concept, we outline the fundamental structural principles and mechanisms underlying multi‐electron transfer of redox‐active organic compounds. We categorize various organic cathode materials into n‐type, p‐type, and bipolar compounds, and discuss their structural features, redox chemistry, and capacity performance in AZIBs by analyzing cyclic voltammetry profiles and charge storage mechanisms. Our goal is to offer valuable insights into the molecular design and redox chemistry of multi‐electron transfer organic compounds to achieve high‐performance AZIBs.
Activation of CO2, CS2, and COS by α‐Diimine‐Stabilized Gallylenes
Authors: Guo Meng , Dong Ben , Qu Yao , Sun Zhenzhou , Yang Li , Wang Yanchao , Fedushkin Igor L. , Yang Xiao‐Juan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeveral gallylenes [LPhGaM(THF)n] stabilized by an α‐diimine ligand (LPh=[(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Ph)]22−; M=Li, n=3, 3‐Li; M=Na, n=4, 3‐Na; M=K, n=1, 3‐K) were prepared, which display diverse reactivities toward carbon dioxide and its sulfurized analogues. The reaction of 3 with CO2 yielded a trimeric carbonate complex [{LPhGa(CO3)2}3{μ‐K9(THF)6}] (4) and a dinuclear oxo‐carbonate complex [K2(THF)6][LPhGa(μ‐CO3)(μ‐O)GaLPh] (5) in one pot through reductive disproportionation of CO2. For CS2, two ethenetetrathiolate gallium complexes, [M2(Solv)4][LPhGa(μ‐C2S4)GaLPh] (M=Na, Solv=THF, 6; M=K, Solv=DME, 7), were obtained via reductive coupling of CS2. In the case of COS, disproportionation gave a disulfide‐bridged complex [K2(THF)6] [LPhGa(μ‐S)2GaLPh] (8) at room temperature, but a dithiocarbonate [Na2(THF)5][LPhGa(S2CO)]2 (9) at low temperature, the latter being the first example of dithiocarbonates of p‐block elements.
Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Natural Products as Novel VPS34 Inhibitors that Modulate Autophagy
Authors: Feng Xiaowen , Wu Baoming , Xu Hanyang , Chen Chu , Ye Jiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVPS34 is a sole member of class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase involved in endosomal trafficking and autophagosome formation, making it an interesting target for cancer treatment. Here, we investigated 5,774 natural products using structure‐based virtual screening against human VPS34. 10 natural products identified by virtual screening were purchased and tested in VPS34 ADP‐Glo assay, yielding several potential VPS34 inhibitors. Amongst, Salvianolic acid A (4) and Ellagic acid (8) inhibited VPS34 with IC50 values of 2.46 and 3.12 μM, respectively, more potent than the positivity control 3‐MA. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that both of the compounds suppressed vesicle trafficking in cell‐based assay. Significantly, Salvianolic acid (4) effectively prevented autophagy in Hela cells induced either by starvation or Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. In addition, in silico analysis was done to elucidate the binding mechanisms of the ligand in complex with VPS34. Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of structure‐based virtual screening and presents several natural products as VPS34 inhibitors that modulate autophagy.
Multi‐site Ultrasound‐guided Fine Needle Aspiration to Study Cells and Soluble Factors From Human Lymph Nodes
Authors: Al‐Diwani Adam , Agrawal Deepsha , Sheerin Fintan , Board Callum , Irani Sarosh R. , Pollock Katrina M. , Provine Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLymph nodes (LNs) are specialized secondary lymphoid tissues essential to the priming and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, including the B cell germinal center response; thus, they are central to immunity. However, the anatomically restricted and time‐resolved nature of immune priming means that sampling disease‐relevant human LNs requires specialized techniques. This article describes the application of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) to sample LNs, using cervical LNs of the head and neck as an exemplar. This minimally invasive technique allows collection of both immune cells and cell‐free material that are relevant to both neuroimmune diseases and basic lymphatic functions. Downstream use of cellular material can include multiplexed flow cytometry, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq), and B cell cultures. The cell‐free supernatant can be used for proteomics or other similar ‘omics approaches. This unit describes collection of samples by FNA as well as processing and storage of samples for downstream assays. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sampling of human cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirationAlternate Protocol: Sampling of human lymph nodes by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with negative pressureBasic Protocol 2: Processing and storage of human lymph node samples
Exploring the Impact of Access Cavity Designs on Canal Orifice Localization and Debris Presence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , La Notte Davide , Sovereto Diego , Quarta Cristian , Ballini Andrea , Crincoli Vito , Aiuto Riccardo , Alovisi Mario , Martella Angelo , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesOne of the primary objectives in endodontics is to achieve thorough cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system during an endodontic procedure. This aims to reduce microbial contamination and prevent the development of endodontic lesions. To attain this goal, it is imperative to establish access to the endodontic space that allows for the complete removal of pulp tissue and the accurate identification of canal orifices while preserving the anatomical integrity of the root floor and pulp chamber as much as possible. In this scoping review, we aim to explore aspects related to the identification of canal orifices and the presence of pulp debris and residues during endodontic treatment. Specifically, we aim to assess whether and to what extent the design of the access cavity impacts these factors.Material and MethodsThe scoping review was conducted and prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews [PRISMA‐ScR]).ResultsThe search yielded a total of 3697 bibliographic sources. After eliminating duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, only 10 studies were included.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, includes 10 studies and suggests a potential trend: conservative techniques may generate more debris, whereas guided techniques exhibit superior precision in locating canal openings.
Wearable Battery‐Powered Transmitter and Receiver for Path Loss Measurement of Capacitive HBC Channel
Authors: Dehaese N. , Assila Belhadj Mefteh R. , Vauché R. , Al Zaouk S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn capacitive human body communication (HBC), the close environment strongly influences the signal return path. Many studies often overestimate the path loss due to the use of bulky measuring instruments that create parasitic return paths. Additionally, in the few cases where wearable battery‐powered HBC devices are employed, the impact of factors such as inter‐electrode distance, body constitution of the test subject, electrode‐to‐skin contact, and so on, on the power path loss is not consistently examined. In this paper, we present the design of a wearable battery‐powered HBC transmitter and receiver that enable a realistic estimation of the power path loss. We also investigate the impact of inter‐electrode distance, body constitution, posture and pressure of electrode‐skin contact. The transmitted and received voltages are first estimated using a single frequency discrete Fourier transform algorithm. The power path loss is then deduced using preliminary measured impedances of the transmitter–receiver and electrodes. Matching networks on the transmitter and receiver side are added to optimize the power path loss. Measurements indicate that for a 20 cm inter‐electrode distance, the path loss is approximately −37 dB at 21 MHz (IEEE 802.15.6 HBC frequency). Moreover, the inter‐electrode distance significantly impacts path loss, with a variation of over 10 dB measured for distances ranging from 20 to 100 cm. Additionally, body constitution moderately influences path loss, with a variation of less than 4 dB observed across six subjects. Body posture and electrode‐skin contact pressure significantly affect path loss, with measured differences of 4.5 dB between standing and sitting on the floor positions and between strong and soft contact. The impact of modifying the transmission frequency has also been studied, showing a path loss variation of approximatively −3 dB between 42 and 21 MHz.
Influence of High‐Frequency Characteristics of Components on Leakage Current and Conducted EMI of Servo Motor Drive System
Authors: Zhou Qibin , Huang Si , Zhou Yi , Liu Tian , Bian Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLeakage current and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) significantly impact the safe operation of servo motor drive systems (SMDSs). The impedance characteristics of the components in the circuit change considerably in the general frequency range studied for leakage current and conducted EMI. These variations at high frequency (HF) can result in conducted EMI and leakage current deviating from the expected results, necessitating further investigation. A method of impedance analysis is proposed in this paper, which can efficiently analyze the influence of HF characteristics of circuit components on leakage current and conducted EMI. The influences of Y‐capacitor capacitance value and cable length on conducted EMI and leakage current are analyzed specifically. According to the HF characteristics of the Y‐capacitor and the cable, it can be deduced that changes in leakage current and conducted EMI are associated with alterations in impedance characteristics. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experiments.
A data‐driven, multi‐domain brain gray matter signature as a powerful biomarker associated with several clinical outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Evan , Gavett Brandon , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Widaman Keith , Whitmer Rachel , Fan Audrey P. , Corrada Maria , DeCarli Charles , Mungas Dan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCharacterizing pathological changes in the brain that underlie cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, is central to clinical concerns of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.METHODSWe describe the properties of a brain gray matter region (“Union Signature”) that is derived from four behavior‐specific, data‐driven signatures in a discovery cohort.RESULTSIn a separate validation set, the Union Signature demonstrates clinically relevant properties. Its associations with episodic memory, executive function, and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes are stronger than those of several standardly accepted brain measures (e.g., hippocampal volume, cortical gray matter) and other previously developed brain signatures. The ability of the Union Signature to classify clinical syndromes among normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia exceeds that of the other measures.DISCUSSIONThe Union Signature is a powerful, multipurpose correlate of clinically relevant outcomes and a strong classifier of clinical syndromes.Highlights
Data‐driven brain signatures are potentially valuable in models of cognitive aging.
In previous work, we outlined rigorous validation of signatures for memory.
This work demonstrates a signature predicting multiple clinical measures.
This could be useful in models of interventions for brain support of cognition.
Association of a pace of aging epigenetic clock with rate of cognitive decline in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort
Authors: Savin Micah J. , Wang Haoyang , Pei Heming , Aiello Allison E. , Assuras Stephanie , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. , Muenning Peter A. , Ryan Calen P. , Shi Baoyi , Stern Yaakov , Sugden Karen , Valeri Linda , Belsky Daniel W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe geroscience hypothesis proposes systemic biological aging is a root cause of cognitive decline.METHODSWe analyzed Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort data (n = 2296; 46% male; baseline age M = 62, SD = 9, range = 25–101 y). We measured cognitive decline across two decades of neuropsychological‐testing follow‐up. We measured pace of aging using the DunedinPACE epigenetic clock. Analysis tested if participants with faster DunedinPACE values experienced more rapid cognitive decline compared with those with slower DunedinPACE values.RESULTSParticipants with faster DunedinPACE had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced more rapid cognitive decline over follow‐up. Results were robust to confounders and consistent across population strata. Findings were similar for the PhenoAge and GrimAge epigenetic clocks.DISCUSSIONFaster pace of aging is a risk factor for preclinical cognitive decline. Metrics of biological aging may inform risk stratification in clinical trials and prognosis in patient care.HighlightsFaster DunedinPACE is associated with preclinical cognitive aging.Higher baseline cognition was protective of DunedinPACE‐associated cognitive decline.The DunedinPACE association with cognitive decline explained a fourth of dementia risk.
Recent progress in advanced design of iridium‐based and ruthenium‐based perovskite catalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , wang Yibo , Shi Zhaoping , Wu Hongxiang , Yang Jiahao , Ni Jing , Yang Ming , Wang Ziang , Xiao Meiling , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is of great importance for the production of green hydrogen. The large‐scale implementation of PEMWE, however, is seriously impeded by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode, which results in considerable overpotential and thus the decreased energy conversion efficiency. To overcome this problem, researchers have extensively explored efficient anode catalysts that possess high activity and prolonged stability. Up to now, Ir‐based and Ru‐based catalysts are considered to be the most efficient candidates. Especially perovskite‐based catalysts have received intensive attention due to their distinctive structures and exceptional OER catalytic performance. To further promote their practical application, considerable research efforts are devoted to structural engineering toward enhanced activity and stability. In this paper, a review of the research progress on the advanced design of Ir‐ and Ru‐based perovskite catalysts is presented, with a focus on phase engineering, doping/substitution, morphology control, and compositing with other materials for perovskite catalysts as well as some preparation methods commonly used. It also summarizes the challenges and opportunities concerning perovskite‐based catalysts in current research, yielding further comprehension of the pertinent preparation and scrutiny of perovskite catalysts in the future.
Effects of Burning Severity and Root System on Herb Land Surface Evapotranspiration: A Study Based on Prescribed Fire in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Kemin , Wang Lunjiang , An Lingqiu , Yang Jing , Miao Chuandai , Xian Yong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPost‐fire evapotranspiration (ET) exerts a significant influence on soil moisture dynamics and thus vegetation recovery in, particularly, karst ecosystems in southwest China. Despite the widespread use of remote sensing and mathematical modelling to estimate large‐scale land surface post‐fire ET, few studies directly examine how burn severity and vegetation species affect small‐scale ET. This study bridges the gap by conducting two experiments. In the first experiment, lysimeters containing Artemisia Iavandulifolia and Miscanthus sinensis (with tap and fibrous root systems, respectively) were grown for 2.5 years, followed by prescribed burning with varying severities (low, moderate and high). Post‐fire ET was monitored over 1‐year period, with unburned control for comparison. In the second experiment, the soil surface burns were carried out to assess ET under three surface conditions: burned surface with ash cover (BSA), burned surface without ash cover (BO) and unburned surface with ash cover (UA). The ET was measured using the mass change method, and atmospheric and soil moisture were also collected. Results indicated that prescribed fire reduced post‐fire post‐fire ET by up to 46%–62%, depending on both fire severity and herb species. On low and moderate burning severities surfaces, ET from Miscanthus sinensis was greater than that with Artemisia Iavandulifolia. But, in high‐burning severity conditions, the opposite was true. This shift was due to varying heating depth of burn and root distribution of the two herbs. ET varied depending on atmosphere conditions. The dependence declined with the fire severity. The biomass and ash coverage were not significantly related to ET. However, decreasing evaporation was detected as the burning severity increased for the BSA and BO. These results suggested that the post‐fire changes in soil properties were a key driver of ET dynamics.
Recent Developments in the Photochemical Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Barathkumar Jayaveerapandiyan , Gupta Rohan , Nagarajan Subbiah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe adoption of clean and renewable light sources is becoming increasingly prevalent in organic synthesis due to their welfare, workability and economic benefits. In recent times, photo‐redox catalysis has emerged as a valuable tool in organic transformations owing to its environmentally friendly nature and utilization of abundant resources. Since harmful or polluting reagents are not needed for the organic photochemical reactions, these reactions provide insights into sustainable processes and green chemistry. N‐Heterocyclic compounds (NHC's) constitute fundamental structural motifs in numerous organic compounds and are widely encountered in natural products and pharmaceuticals with diverse biological activities. Consequently, investigations into the synthesis and modification of these NHC's such as indole, carbazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine hold particular significance for chemists and pharmacologists. This review provides an overview of the impact of photocatalysis on synthesis of NHC's and their modification from 2019 to 2024. These transformations are achieved through the utilization of both metal photocatalysts (e. g., Ir, Pd, Co, Gd etc.) and non‐metallic photocatalysts (e. g., Eosin‐Y, 4CzIPN, Mes‐Acr+ClO4− etc.), or even without the necessity of photocatalysts. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers delving into the promising realm of photocatalyzed transformations.
Preoperative resting‐state electrophysiological signals predict acute but not chronic postoperative pain
Authors: Han Qi , Wang Hailu , Lu Xuejing , Li Yaru , Guo Yutong , Zhao Xiangyue , Feng Yi , Hu Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of postoperative pain is notably high among the elderly population, which poses significant challenges for their postoperative recovery. In this study, we aimed to identify preoperative predictors for acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery through a longitudinal investigation.MethodsWe recruited 75 patients (mean age 68.29 ± 5.60 years) and collected their resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) data two hours before the surgery. The aperiodic and periodic signal components were extracted from the resting‐state EEG using the Fitting Oscillations and One‐Over‐F algorithm. We also collected the preoperative pain ratings, demographic information and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale from all patients. The postoperative pain ratings were collected ten times from Day 1 to Week 12 after surgery.ResultsWe observed a high incidence of postoperative acute and chronic pain among older patients. Preoperative pain and peak alpha frequency in resting‐state EEG were the primary predictors of acute postoperative pain. Although age is a significant predictor of chronic postoperative pain, its predictive performance is poor.ConclusionsOverall, our study provides valuable insights into the complex pattern of preoperative EEG features, preoperative pain and age in predicting postoperative pain at different stages. Our findings highlight the significance of exploring preoperative features to identify patients who are at a higher risk of developing severe postoperative pain, which can aid in the development of more personalized and effective pain management strategies.SignificanceThe heightened occurrence of postoperative pain among the elderly presents formidable obstacles to their recuperation. This study delves into identifying preoperative factors influencing acute and chronic postoperative pain. Our findings indicate that preoperative pain and peak alpha frequency are crucial predictors of acute postoperative pain. However, the predictive performance for chronic postoperative pain is limited, although age was a significant predictor of chronic postoperative pain. These insights contribute to the identification of patients at elevated risk for severe acute and chronic postoperative pain, offering valuable guidance for pre‐surgical risk assessment.
Cycling sensitivity across migraine phases: A longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Peng Kuan‐Po , May Arne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional neuroimaging studies indicate that central transmission of trigeminal pain may commence up to 48 h prior to the onset of headache. Whether these cyclic changes are associated with somatosensory alteration remains incompletely understood.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the temporal progression of somatosensory alterations preceding the onset of a migraine attack. Patients with menstrually related migraine (n = 10) and matched healthy controls (n = 13) underwent consecutive daily quantitative sensory tests, commencing 6 days prior to the expected onset of the migraine attack and menstruation. Each subject was investigated for 7–11 consecutive days, resulting in 85 and 91 days of experimentation for the respective cohorts.ResultsElectrical/heat/cold pain thresholds showed a phase‐dependent decline towards the spontaneous migraine attack, which had commenced 48 h prior to the onset of the headache. The pain thresholds further declined towards the ictal phase, with only the electrical pain threshold reaching statistical significance (ictal vs. preictal). In healthy controls, the pain thresholds remained stable and unaltered during the consecutive daily measurements. In an exploratory analysis, the pain thresholds at baseline (interictal phase) were comparable between both cohorts.ConclusionsThe data suggest the existence of a trigeminal somatosensory alteration in the preictal phase of migraine, occurring up to 48 h prior to the onset of the headache. This change occurred in a chronologically synchronous manner with the brain activation in the preictal phase in functional neuroimaging studies. It will be important to combine pain threshold measurement and functional neuroimaging in future studies.SignificanceOur data suggest the existence of a somatosensory behavioural correlate of the functional neuroimaging changes starting 48 h before the onset of headache. Despite the concurrence of the behavioural and functional neuroimaging changes in a chronological sequence, the next step in elucidating the cause of migraine is to combine the behavioural and functional neuroimaging changes in a temporal sequence, i.e. to identify the generator behind the cyclic sensory fluctuation.