bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Q-Adjusted LASIK and Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction for Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: El-Mayah Esraa , Anis Mohamed , Salem Mohsen , Pinero David , Hosny Mohamed 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To compare Q-adjusted femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in terms of safety, efficacy, and predictability, as well as in terms of changes in dry eye parameters, corneal biomechanics, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and corneal asphericity.

Methods:
A total of 60 eyes were enrolled in this prospective comparative study: 30 underwent SMILE and 30 underwent FS-LASIK. Changes in manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity, corneal topography, corneal hysteresis (CH), and corneal resistance factor (CRF) (Ocular Response Analyzer, ORA), and dry eye parameters were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.

Results:
Mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was −4.17 (±1.86) preoperatively in FS-SMILE group and −3.97 (±2.02) in FS-LASIK group (P=0.69). Mean postoperative MRSE in FS-SMILE group was −0.25±0.38 diopter (D) and −0.183±0.33 D in FS-SMILE group (P=0.50). A total of 93% of treated eyes in both groups had a MRSE within ±0.5 D. The mean percentage change of CH was 14.23±17.59 and 18.89±7.2 mm Hg (P=0.1871) in FS-SMILE and FS-LASIK groups, respectively. The mean percentage change of CRF was 27.43±16.8 and 21.32±17.1 mm Hg (P=0.1682) in FS-SMILE and FS-LASIK groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference between techniques were found in the values of Schirmer test (P=0.0002) and tear breakup time (P=0.0035). Regarding corneal HOAs, no statistically significant differences between groups were found in the change in the root mean square of HOAs (P=0.2), coma aberration (P=0.0589), and spherical aberration (P=0.0543).

Conclusion:
SMILE is as safe and predictable as FS-LASIK. According to the ORA system, SMILE is not better than FS-LASIK in terms of biomechanical changes. However, SMILE causes less effect on dry eye parameters during the first 3 postoperative months.
The Role of Oxygen Therapy in Normoxemic Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Cheng Shijiao , Yin Yuehui , Ning Lin , Xiang Liquan , Zhou Yinpin 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Supplemental oxygen has been commonly used in the cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, recent evidence suggests that high-concentration oxygen supplementation and hyperbaric oxygen in ACS patients are associated with adverse cardiovascular effects.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to systematically review the role of supplemental oxygen therapy in normoxemic patients with ACS.

Methods:
A search for randomized controlled trials before November 2017 in biomedical databases was performed, and a total of 6 eligible studies with 7508 participants were identified. Four studies reported all-cause mortality after randomization, whereas 3 studies measured myocardial infarct size using cardiac enzyme levels and magnetic resonance imaging. The effect size of our primary end point was the odds ratio for all-cause mortality. The mean difference was calculated as a secondary outcome for myocardial infarct size.

Results:
Compared with ambient air or titrated oxygen, high-concentration oxygen therapy did not significantly decrease all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–1.25; P = .95) within 1 year nor infarct size detected by peak cardiac troponin (mean difference, −0.53 ng/mL; 95% CI, −1.20 to 0.14; P = .12) and magnetic resonance imaging (mean difference, 1.45 g; 95% CI, −1.82 to 4.73; P = .39). These outcomes were listed through a fixed-effects model because of low statistical heterogeneity across the studies.

Conclusions:
Oxygen therapy did not significantly reduce clinical all-cause mortality and myocardial infarct size in ACS patients with normoxemia. Further large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the cardiovascular effects in this field.
Validation of a Spanish Version of the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation Scale to Assess Information Needs and Preferences in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo , Anchique Claudia Victoria , Fernandez Rosalía , Quesada-Chaves Daniel , Gordillo M. Ximena , Acosta Sheiles , Fernandez Julia , Arrieta-Loaiciga Blanca , Heredia Marco , Oh Paul 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The identification of information needs is considered the first step to increase knowledge that ultimately could improve health outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to psychometrically validate the Spanish Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation (INCR).

Methods:
The Spanish INCR was psychometrically tested in 184 patients undergoing CR. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α, factor structure was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, and criterion validity regarding educational level, occupation, and duration in CR was assessed.

Results:
Cronbach α was .97. Factor analysis revealed 10 factors, all internally consistent. Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in total INCR scores by educational level (P < .01), occupation (P < .01), and duration in CR (P < .05). Emergency/safety was the greatest information need perceived by patients.

Conclusions:
The Spanish INCR was demonstrated to have good reliability and validity. This tool can be applicable in clinical and research settings, assessing patients' information needs during CR and as part of education programming.
Metabolism of innate immune cells: impact on atherosclerosis
Authors: Riksen Niels P. , Stienstra Rinke 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
It is increasingly recognized that profound metabolic changes occur in activated myeloid cells, which shape their inflammatory phenotype and cellular functions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the accumulating evidence that major metabolic adaptations occur in monocytes and macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis ultimately modulating atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Recent findings
Plaque macrophages show a profound metabolic reprogramming which is driven by atherogenic factors in the plaque microenvironment, such as damage associated molecular patterns, modified lipoproteins, and hypoxia. In addition, systemic atherogenic factors modulate metabolism of circulating monocytes and their bone marrow progenitors. Activation of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid synthesis, a reduction of fatty acid oxidation accompanied by complex changes in the lysosomal handling of lipids all appear to facilitate atherogenesis. These processes also drive the development of trained immunity, a phenomenon describing the persistent pro-inflammatory phenotype that develops after brief stimulation of monocytes with pro-atherogenic stimuli.

Summary
A pro-atherosclerotic environment reprograms the metabolism of myeloid cells in the various developmental phases of atherosclerosis. Knowledge of these metabolic programs facilitates the development of novel drugs to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Functional considerations in oral cavity reconstruction
Authors: Pipkorn Patrik , Rosenquist Kelsey , Zenga Joseph 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of reviewThe treatment of oral cavity cancer may impair speech and swallowing function. Optimizing posttreatment function may lead to significant improvement of quality of life.Recent findingsAlthough oncologic control remains the main goal of treatment for oral cavity cancer, posttreatment function for surviving patients has over the last decades been recognized as an important secondary outcome. Reconstruction of oral cavity defects range from primary closure to advanced microvascular reconstruction, including multiple tissue types. Free flap reconstruction has greatly enhanced the ability to tailor transferred tissue to specific defects. In this review, we describe recent findings in reconstruction of tongue defects, including data from perforator flaps. We also summarize recent evidence regarding reinnervated flaps.SummaryWhen vascularized tissue is needed, it remains unclear how the reconstructive choice impacts postoperative outcome, although in many situations it appears to be dominated by the donor site morbidity rather than the reconstructive technique. Despite numerous case series, the functional impact of motor and sensory reinnervation in vascularized tissue remains unknown. Although perforator flaps have emerged as a promising flap option, with favorable donor site morbidity, their ultimate impact on functional outcomes remains unclear, whereas the success rate appears to be lower than traditional flaps.
Optimizing regulatory T cells for therapeutic application in human organ transplantation
Authors: Vaikunthanathan Trishan , Safinia Niloufar , Lombardi Giovanna 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
Initial clinical trials of adoptive regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapy in solid organ transplantation have proven to be both feasible and well tolerated. With Phase 2 trials underway, efforts have been focused on the optimization of the Treg product.

Recent findings
With science and our knowledge on the biology of these cells constantly advancing, we have been able to refine our search for a Treg population that would be ideally suited for therapeutic application. This idealized population must be readily isolated, allow for in-vitro expansion, demonstrate potent and specific suppressor function, maintain lineage stability and demonstrate a relevant homing profile. With the advent of innovative cell analysis/isolation techniques and genetic modifications, we are able to choose and design Tregs to fulfil these criteria.

Summary
By utilizing advances in science and technology, we can optimize Treg therapy in human organ transplantation maximizing their prospects in the arena of transplantation tolerance.
Preparation of Powdered Infant Formula
Authors: Losio Marina Nadia , Pavoni Enrico , Finazzi Guido , Agostoni Carlo , Daminelli Paolo , Dalzini Elena , Varisco Giorgio , Cinotti Stefano 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe recent outbreak of Salmonella Agona linked to the consumption of infant formula (powdered formula) has rekindled the attention about the correct procedures for preparation and use of these products. International guidelines have already been published so far, particularly in association with Cronobacter sakazakii in early 2000s. FAO/WHO suggested to reconstitute formula with water at no less than 70°C. We therefore contaminated powdered formula with low levels of Salmonella spp and C sakazakii to evaluate the pathogens inactivation during the formula preparation using water at 70°C. In these conditions we observed a survival of both pathogens, indicating that the suggested recommendations may be not enough to guarantee the safety of this product. Higher temperatures are needed to reduce the biological risk, even if it may be not easily realized in actual domestic conditions. Moreover, the impact on the nutritional value of reconstituted formulas should be evaluated.
Trajectories of Fasting Blood Glucose in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Hammer Marilyn J. , Paul Steven M. , Steinberg Amir , Eckardt Patricia , Barton-Burke Margaret , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: July 2018

Background
Patients who receive autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies are at risk of serious adverse outcomes including infections and death. Hyperglycemia following the HCT is associated with increased risk of these adverse outcomes. However, limited information is available on demographic and clinical characteristics that contribute to changes in blood glucose levels following HCT.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the trajectories of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as well as the demographic and clinical characteristics that predicted interindividual differences in these FBG trajectories.

Methods
A sample of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who were scheduled to receive autologous HCT (n = 53) was enrolled in the study. Patients with preexisting diabetes were excluded. Demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted from electronic medical records. Morning fasting laboratory tests (ie, FBG and absolute neutrophil counts) were obtained. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling from the day of HCT (day 0) through 14 days post-HCT.

Results
Among 8 characteristics evaluated, pre-HCT FBG was associated with variability in both the initial levels and the trajectories of FBG. Body mass index was only associated with initial levels of FBG.

Conclusions
The large amount of interindividual variability in the trajectories of FBG levels following autologous HCT suggests that glucose control in these patients warrants ongoing assessments and preemptive tailoring.

Implications for Practice
Fasting blood glucose monitoring is warranted. Additional research with larger samples is warranted to identify additional modifiable and nonmodifiable characteristics associated with interindividual variability in FBG levels.
Less Mindful, More Struggle and Growth
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Lili , Zhang Qian , Wang Ruifang , Xu Wei 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and facilitation of posttraumatic growth (PTG) are two encouraging areas of research, yet little is understood about the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, PTSSs, and PTG. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PTSSs is correlated with PTG among breast cancer patients in China and explore the role of mindfulness in this relationship. A sample of 202 Chinese breast cancer patients voluntarily participated in the study by completing a set of questionnaires. The results revealed that PTSSs were significantly positively correlated with PTG. Structural equation modeling showed that mindfulness did not moderate but mediated the relation between PTSSs and PTG. These findings indicate that breast cancer patients with higher mindfulness may recover from PTSSs through a different process. Posttraumatic growth may not be the only positive indicator of posttraumatic individuals.
Is Internet Addiction a Clinical Symptom or a Psychiatric Disorder? A Comparison With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Caldiroli Alice , Serati Marta , Buoli Massimiliano 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The general purpose of this review is to present an updated literature overview of neurobiological/clinical aspects of Internet addiction (IA), particularly of overlaps and differences with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Articles with clinical/neurobiological aspects of IA or similarities/differences with BPAD as main topics, from 1990 to present and written in English language, were included. Comorbidity between IA and other psychiatric disorders, including BPAD, is common. Dysfunctions in dopaminergic pathways have been found both in IA and in mood disorders. Most of investigations in IA support a chronic hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state in brain reward circuit and an excessive reward experience during mood elevation. Neuroimaging studies show prefrontal cortex abnormalities shared between addictive and bipolar patients. BPAD and IA present numerous overlaps, such as polymorphisms in nicotinic receptors genes, anterior cingulate/prefrontal cortex abnormalities, serotonin/dopamine dysfunctions, and good response to mood stabilizers. The future is to clarify diagnostic criteria to better define the IA/BPAD relationship.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Functional Impairment Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers
Authors: Chase Tannah , Teng Ellen J. , Schmidt Norman B. , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Psychological distress is elevated among smokers and plays a key role in the maintenance of smoking behavior. Although research has implicated emotion regulation (ER) difficulties as a transdiagnostic construct for psychological distress, empirical work has not yet investigated ER difficulties among treatment-seeking smokers. The purpose of the current study was to increase understanding of ER difficulties in relation to depression, anxious arousal, and functional impairment among treatment-seeking smokers. Participants included adult daily treatment-seeking smokers (N = 568; M

age
= 37, SD = 13.46; 51.9% male). Results indicated that global ER difficulties were significantly related to depression, anxious arousal, and functional impairment. Analyses focused on the lower-order facets of ER and indicated that limited access to ER strategies, difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior, and lack of emotional clarity were significantly related to depression; limited access to ER strategies, nonacceptance of emotions, and impulsivity were significantly associated with anxious arousal; and limited access to ER strategies and difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior were significantly related to functional impairment. The significant ER effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by neuroticism and tobacco dependence. These findings highlight the importance of considering ER difficulties to better understand psychological distress among smokers.
The Pediatric Index of Mortality as a Trigger Tool for the Detection of Serious Errors and Adverse Events*
Authors: Rüegger Christoph M. , Frey Bernhard 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
To test the hypothesis that patients who die in a PICU despite a low predicted mortality at PICU admission are affected by serious errors and adverse events.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records for serious errors and adverse events.

Setting:
Tertiary interdisciplinary neonatal PICU.

Patients:
All admissions to our PICU who died despite a low expected mortality (Pediatric Index of Mortality) of less than 10% (trigger-positive admissions). They were compared with a random sample of 100 PICU admissions with a Pediatric Index of Mortality of less than 10% who survived (trigger-negative admissions).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 7,383 admissions (91%) with a Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 below 10%. Seventy-two trigger-positive admissions and 100 trigger-negative admissions met the criteria for detailed chart review. Forty-five serious errors and adverse events were identified, 0.47 per trigger-positive admission and 0.11 per trigger-negative admission (p < 0.001). Nineteen serious errors and adverse events (42%) were related to clinical sepsis acquired during the PICU stay, 17 (89%) in trigger-positive admissions and two (11%) in trigger-negative admissions (p < 0.001). A further 18 serious errors and adverse events (40%) were intervention related, nine (50%) in trigger-positive admissions and nine (50%) in trigger-negative admissions (p = 0.46). Eight serious errors and adverse events (18%) were associated with medication use, all of which occurred in trigger-positive admissions (p = 0.001). The median (interquartile range) age for admissions with and without serious errors and adverse events was 0.3 months (0.0–4.6 mo) and 7.4 months (0.4–58.4 mo) (p < 0.001), and their median (interquartile range) duration of invasive ventilation was 140 hours (50–451 hr) and 2 hours (0–41 hr) (p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
The records of PICU patients with a low expected mortality at admission and death in PICU should be reviewed routinely and/or discussed at morbidity and mortality meetings. These patients may have experienced more in-hospital safety-related events compared with PICU patients with a low Pediatric Index of Mortality who survived. Such adverse events may be amenable to system changes, thus improving patient care.
Albumin 5% Versus Crystalloids for Fluid Resuscitation in Children After Cardiac Surgery*
Authors: Dingankar Adil R. , Cave Dominic A. , Anand Vijay , Sivarajan V. Ben , Nahirniak Susan , Sheppard Cathy , Hanot Jan , Garcia Guerra Gonzalo 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
To determine the clinical benefit of using colloids versus crystalloids for volume resuscitation in children admitted after cardiac surgery.

Design:
Retrospective pre-/postintervention cohort study.

Setting:
Stollery Children’s Hospital tertiary care pediatric cardiac ICU.

Patients:
Children admitted to the pediatric cardiac ICU after cardiac surgery.

Interventions:
Fluid resuscitation policy change in which crystalloids replaced albumin 5% as the primary fluid strategy for resuscitation after cardiac surgery.

Measurements and Main Results:
Children who underwent cardiac surgery in the 6 months prior to the policy change (5% albumin group) were compared with children admitted during the 6 months after (crystalloid group). Demographic, perioperative, and outcome variables (fluid intake days 1–4 postoperative, vasoactive therapy, blood products, time to negative fluid balance, renal replacement therapies, mechanical ventilation, pediatric cardiac ICU, and length of stay) were collected. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic multivariate analysis. The study included 360 children. There was no association between fluid group and fluid intake (mL/kg) on day 1 postoperatively (coefficient, 2.84; 95% CI, 5.37–11.05; p = 0.497). However, crystalloid group was associated with significantly less fluid intake on day 2 (coefficient, –12.8; 95% CI, –22.0 to –3.65; p = 0.006), day 3 (coefficient, –14.9; 95% CI, –24.3 to –5.57; p = 0.002), and on the first 48 hours postoperative (coefficient, 10.1; 95% CI, –27.9 to –1.29; p = 0.032). Pediatric cardiac ICU stay (coefficient, –1.29; 95% CI, –2.50 to –0.08; p = 0.036) was shorter for the crystalloid group. There were no significant differences in the time to negative balance, need for renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation days, hospital stay, or pediatric cardiac ICU survival.

Conclusions:
In our study, the use of albumin 5% for resuscitation after cardiac surgery was not associated with less fluid intake but rather the opposite. Albumin administration did not provide measured clinical benefit while exposing children to side effects and generating higher costs to the healthcare system.