bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) involved in the regulation of pAkt1 (Ser473) on the release of mouse oocytes from diplotene arrest
Authors: Liu Lingling , Li Sen , Li Hanwen , Yu Dahai , Li Chunyu , Li Gensong , Cao Yu , Feng Chen , Deng Xin 
Published: May 2018

Defects in meiotic maturation may lead to chromosome segregation errors and genomic instability. Previous reports indicated that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) may interact with microtubule organizing center‐associated protein to play a role on meiotic spindle organization of mammalian oocytes. In this study, we explored the potential role of protein kinase B alpha (PKBα/Akt1), PKCδ, and their relationship on meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. We examined the expression and localization of pAkt1 (Ser473) and/or pPKCδ (Thr505) under the treatment of SH‐6 or Sotrastaurin. With the increasing of SH‐6 concentrations, we observed that the protein levels of pAkt1 (Ser473) and the percentages of GVBD were decreased gradually. And the distribution of pAkt1 (Ser473), Cdc25B, pCdc2 (Tyr15), and α‐tubulin around nucleus was also highly disordered under the treatment of 10‐μM SH‐6, a special inhibitor of pAkt1 (Ser473). In addition, the levels of pAkt1 (Ser473) were decreased with the treatment of Sotrastaurin, an inhibitor of PKCδ, suggesting that Akt1 may be one of the downstream targets of PKCδ. So, we deduced that PKCδ may be involved in regulating the release from diplotene arrest of mouse oocytes by controlling the levels of pAkt1 Ser473.Significance of the studyAs a drug target, Akt is still the focus of research in somatic and fertilized eggs. Here, our data depicted a series of molecular events of pAkt1 (Ser473) and PKCδ via their special inhibitor and antibody in order to analyse their role and relationship on the release of mouse oocytes from diplotene arrest. Our results may offer important data for clinic research scientist to recognize the target role of pAkt1 (Ser473) via PKCδ in cell cycle regulation.
Comparative Evaluation of OpenFOAM® and ANSYS® Fluent for the Modeling of Annular Reactors
Authors: Ariza Cristian , Casado Cintia , Wang Ruo-Qian , Adams Eric , Marugán Javier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA three‐dimensional numerical model was solved for a turbulent incompressible steady flow and the discrepancies and similarities between the software OpenFOAM® and ANSYS® Fluent on the flow modeling were analyzed. The evaluation was performed for the meshing, setup, and simulation step of the modeling process. Outcomes were contrasted with experimental data to validate the fluid flow obtained with both softwares. With this aim, an experimental pulse‐response technique was applied to obtain the residence time distribution (RTD) curve to be compared with the RTD curves achieved from the modeling. Additionally, images of the tracer transport in the experimental reactor were taken, showing good agreement with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions.
Water Flux Reduction in Microfiltration Membranes: A Pore Network Study
Authors: Abdoli S. Majid , Shafiei Sirous , Raoof Amir , Ebadi Amanollah , Jafarzadeh Yoones , Aslannejad Hamed 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 3D pore network model was developed to simulate the removal of dextran from water. Advanced scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam analysis was used to obtain the sizes of the different pore networks that represent the microscopic structure of a porous membrane. The required input transport parameters for modeling were obtained by performing dynamic experiments on dextran adsorption within the pores of a polysulfone membrane. The simulated flux changes demonstrated a good agreement with the experimental data showing that such a model can be used to study the effects of various parameters during the process. Specifically, the results showed an increase in the applied pressure, decreased membrane thickness, increased pore size, while small sizes of contaminant molecules lead to a rise of the flux passing through the membrane.
Sustainable Conversion of Glycerol into Value‐Added Chemicals by Selective Electro‐Oxidation on Pt‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Shen Yi , Piao Jinhua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectro‐oxidation of glycerol affords a totally green route to produce high value‐added chemicals. Herein, we report a study on glycerol electro‐oxidation over a series of graphene nanosheet supported Pt (Pt/GNS), PtNi (PtNi/GNS), PtRu (PtRu/GNS), PtRh (PtRh/GNS), PtRuNi (PtRuNi/GNS), and PtRhNi (PtRhNi/GNS) catalysts in alkaline solution. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometric measurements. The PtRh/GNS and PtRhNi/GNS catalysts exhibited superior activity in terms of higher current densities and lower onset potentials. The products of glycerol oxidation formed at potentials of −0.4, −0.1, and 0.2 V, were systematically analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Five compounds as products from glycerol electro‐oxidation catalyzed by the prepared materials were found, including glyceraldehyde, glycolic acid, tartronic acid, glyceric acid and oxalate acid. The product distribution at the different potentials was investigated for all catalysts. A maximum glycolic acid selectivity of 65.4 % was obtained for the Pt/GNS catalyst at 0.2 V while a maximum glyceric acid selectivity of 47.7 % was achieved using the PtNi/GNS catalyst at −0.1 V. It was found that the introduction of Ru facilitated the formation of C3 products while the addition of Rh was beneficial for the formation of C2 products. Based on HPLC results, the pathways of glycerol electro‐oxidation by the prepared catalysts were proposed.
Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Zintl Clusters
Authors: Liu Chao , Popov Ivan A. , Chen Zhongfang , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOriginally, the concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity were introduced to explain the stability and reactivity of unsaturated organic compounds. Since then, they have been extended to other species with delocalized electrons including various saturated systems, organometallic compounds, and even inorganic clusters and molecules. In this Minireview, we focus on the most recent progress of using these concepts to guide experimental synthesis and rationalize geometrical and electronic structures of a particular family of polyanions composed of Group 14 and 15 elements, namely Zintl clusters.
Pd‐Catalyzed Consecutive C−H‐Arylation‐Triggered Cyclotrimerization: Synthesis of Star‐Shaped Benzotristhiazoles and Benzotrisoxazoles
Authors: Xu Zhanqiang , Oniwa Kazuaki , Kikuchi Hiromasa , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan , Terada Masahiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStar‐shaped π‐extended molecules comprising discotic aromatic cores and peripheral π‐conjugated arms have attracted significant attention as diverse optoelectronic materials in terms of their large π‐surface, tunable self‐assembly, enhanced charge transport and fluorescence, and liquid crystallinity. Although many efforts have been made in the construction of various aromatic discotic cores, a new class of C3‐symmetric star‐shaped discotic π‐molecules consisting of electron‐deficient benzotristhiazole and benzotrisoxazole cores, which are expected to exhibit distinct optoelectronic properties, remains unexplored owing to the unachievable synthetic approaches involved in their synthesis. Herein, we report a novel and highly efficient Pd‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of the functionalized thiazoles or oxazoles for the construction of a new class of discotic molecules of benzotristhiazole and benzotrisoxazole central cores with star‐shaped π‐conjugated arms. The combination of [Pd2(dba)3]/XPhos (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) catalyst systems with the 4‐bromo‐substituted thiazole enables the formation of a sufficiently stable thiazole–Pd species that participates in the subsequent C−H arylations consecutively to form the corresponding cyclic trimer products. This new class of star‐shaped discotic π‐extended products showed tunable energy levels and high fluorescence quantum yields that make them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Redox Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl) Amino Carbene‐Derived Arsamethine Cyanine Dye
Authors: Melancon Kortney M. , Gildner M. Brenton , Hudnall Todd W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn our efforts to prepare a diarsenic allotrope supported by two cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands we stumbled upon the synthesis of the first carbene‐supported chloroarsinidene 3, which has been fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic and XRD methods. Although further reduction of 3 was not possible, we found that addition of a second equivalent of CAAC in refluxing toluene afforded the first example of a crystallographically characterized arsamethine cyanine dye (4). The arsenic(I) dye is structurally similar to phosphorus analogues, and contains an arsenide anion with two stereochemically active lone pairs supported by two iminium ligands. The UV/Visible spectrum and redox chemistry of 4 were also explored. Upon reduction with one equivalent of KC8, 3 is reduced to the originally targeted CAAC2As2 allotrope 6, whereas oxidation provides access to the first example of an arsenic(II) radical dication (5).
A novel Color Rendition Chart for digital tongue image calibration
Authors: Zhang Bob , Nie Wei , Zhao Shuping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDigital tongue images are usually acquired by a camera under specific illumination environments. In order to guarantee better color representation of the tongue body, we propose a novel tongue Color Rendition Chart acting as a color reference to be used in color calibration algorithms to standardize the captured tongue images. First, based on a large tongue image database captured with our digital tongue image acquisition system, we establish a statistical tongue color gamut. Then, from the first step, different quantities of colors in the Color Rendition Chart are determined via experimentation. Afterwards, results using X‐Rite's ColorChecker® Color Rendition Chart (a standard in the color calibration field) are compared with the proposed tongue Color Rendition Chart by applying the color difference calculation formula of CIELAB and CIEDE2000 as a reference for the mean color calibration error. The results show that the proposed tongue Color Rendition Chart, which has 24 colors, produces a much smaller error (CIELAB —8.0755/CIEDE 2000—6.3482) compared with X‐Rite's ColorChecker® Color Rendition Chart (CIELAB 1976—14.7836/CIEDE 2000—11.7686). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel tongue Color Rendition Chart.
High‐level event identification in social media
Authors: Dashdorj Zolzaya , Altangerel Erdenebaatar 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe increasing numbers of large data sets generated by information technologies provide a great opportunity to better understand emerging topics in human society. Retrieving real‐world events from such data, particularly free‐text data, is a complicated task in Natural Language Processing and Location‐based Social Networks. In this work, we propose a new approach, which recognizes geo‐referenced high‐level events/activities mentioned in web sources adopting open gazetteers: OpenStreetMap and Google Maps. Our approach demonstrated on sampled news articles identifies events associated with the relevant topics using a latent Dirichlet allocation. This research is an essential step towards recommendation systems, urban planning, and monitoring.
Intelligent air quality detection based on genetic algorithm and neural network: An urban China case study
Authors: Zhang Bi , Li Wei 
Published: May 2018

SummaryScientific and objective evaluations of atmospheric quality have become a primary task for researchers with the continuous development of modern industrial processes. At present, various approaches are used in monitoring air quality. The core factors of these approaches are the selection and establishment of an intelligent evaluation model. In this study, we designed a fuzzy genetic neural network model that fuses data based on the characteristics of autonomic learning and self‐organization and optimizes the fuzzy system by using the neural network model. A simulation was conducted to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm is not only a highly objective, scientific, and accurate method for detecting atmospheric environmental quality but also a practical solution.
Salmonella Typhimurium Infection of Human Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages
Authors: Lathrop Stephanie K. , Cooper Kendal G. , Binder Kelsey A. , Starr Tregei , Mampilli Veena , Detweiler Corrella S. , Steele‐Mortimer Olivia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe successful infection of macrophages by non‐typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica is likely essential to the establishment of the systemic disease they sometimes cause in susceptible human populations. However, the interactions between Salmonella and human macrophages are not widely studied, with mouse macrophages being a much more common model system. Fundamental differences between mouse and human macrophages make this less than ideal. Additionally, the inability of human macrophage‐like cell lines to replicate some properties of primary macrophages makes the use of primary cells desirable. Here we present protocols to study the infection of human monocyte‐derived macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. These include a method for differentiating monocyte‐derived macrophages in vitro and protocols for infecting them with Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as assays to measure the extent of infection, replication, and death. These protocols are useful for the investigation of both bacterial and host factors that determine the outcome of infection. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhanced Furfural Yields from Xylose Dehydration in the γ‐Valerolactone/Water Solvent System at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Sener Canan , Motagamwala Ali Hussain , Alonso David Martin , Dumesic James A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh yields of furfural (>90 %) were achieved from xylose dehydration in a sustainable solvent system composed of γ‐valerolactone (GVL), a biomass derived solvent, and water. It is identified that high reaction temperatures (e.g., 498 K) are required to achieve high furfural yield. Additionally, it is shown that the furfural yield at these temperatures is independent of the initial xylose concentration, and high furfural yield is obtained for industrially relevant xylose concentrations (10 wt %). A reaction kinetics model is developed to describe the experimental data obtained with solvent system composed of 80 wt % GVL and 20 wt % water across the range of reaction conditions studied (473–523 K, 1–10 mm acid catalyst, 66–660 mm xylose concentration). The kinetic model demonstrates that furfural loss owing to bimolecular condensation of xylose and furfural is minimized at elevated temperature, whereas carbon loss owing to xylose degradation increases with increasing temperature. Accordingly, the optimal temperature range for xylose dehydration to furfural in the GVL/H2O solvent system is identified to be from 480 to 500 K. Under these reaction conditions, furfural yield of 93 % is achieved at 97 % xylan conversion from lignocellulosic biomass (maple wood).
Habitat connectivity is determined by the scale of habitat loss and dispersal strategy
Authors: Edelsparre Allan H. , Shahid Ashif , Fitzpatrick Mark J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding factors that ameliorate the impact of habitat loss is a major focus of conservation research. One key factor influencing species persistence and evolution is the ability to disperse across increasingly patchy landscapes. Here we ask whether interpatch distance (a proxy for habitat loss) and dispersal strategy can interact to form thresholds where connectivity breaks down. We assayed dispersal across a range of interpatch distances in fruit flies carrying allelic variants of a gene known to underlie differences in dispersal strategy. Dispersal‐limited flies experienced a distinct negative threshold in connectivity at greater interpatch distances, and this was not observed in more dispersive flies. Consequently, this differential response of dispersal‐limited and more dispersive flies to decreasing connectivity suggests that habitat loss could have important implications on the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation underlying dispersal strategy.
Heterogeneity of aquatic ecosystems in a developing city for construction of civilized freshwater ecology, China
Authors: Zhao Changsen , Yu Xinyi , Yang Shengtian , Wang Xuefeng , Sun Changlei , Zhang Yuan , Dong Baoen , Shao Nanfang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRapid degradation of global ecosystems seriously impacted the sustainable development of human society and economy. Understanding the heterogeneity of aquatic ecosystems is significantly helpful for ecological remediation. The success of restoration in Jinan City, the first pilot city for the construction of civilized freshwater ecology, will determine the fundamental improvement of the living environment of human beings in China. This paper studied the tempo‐spatial heterogeneity of aquatic ecosystems in Jinan using canonical correspondence analysis and random forest methods, based on data regarding aquatic ecology collected during field investigations from 2014 to 2015. Results showed that water depth and flow velocity in hydrological factors had the greatest impact on the distribution of fish and zoobenthos, and conductivity and total hardness in water quality factors had the greatest effect on both 2 communities; the biodiversity of fish and zoobenthos were better in the eastern than in the western region, and better in the mountain areas than in the plains; the quality of aquatic ecosystems in most regions of Jinan was in general good except for that in the 2 regions close to urban area that were severely affected by human activities. These results could provide a scientific basis for policymaking for ecological restoration and construction of civilized freshwater ecology, which will ensure successful maintenance and remediation of river ecosystems in the important city. This methodological framework could provide a reference for aquatic ecological rehabilitation both in China and worldwide.
The effect of simulated space radiation on the N‐glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G1
Authors: Szarka Mate , Szilasi Szabolcs , Donczo Boglarka , Sarkozy Daniel , Rajta Istvan , Guttman Andras 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOn a roundtrip to Mars, astronauts are expectedly exposed to an approximate amount of radiation that exceeds the lifetime limits on Earth. This elevated radiation dose is mainly due to Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Particle Events. Specific patterns of the N‐glycosylation of human Igs have already been associated with various ailments such as autoimmune diseases, malignant transformation, chronic inflammation, and ageing. The focus of our work was to investigate the effect of low‐energy proton irradiation on the IgG N‐glycosylation profile with the goal if disease associated changes could be detected during space travel and not altered by space radiation. Two ionization sources were used during the experiments, a Van de Graaff generator for the irradiation of solidified hIgG samples in vacuum, and a Tandetron accelerator to irradiate hIgG samples in aqueous solution form. Structural carbohydrate analysis was accomplished by CE with laser induced fluorescent detection to determine the effects of simulated space radiation on N‐glycosylation of hIgG1 samples. Our results revealed that even several thousand times higher radiation doses that of astronauts can suffer during long duration missions beyond the shielding environment of Low Earth Orbit, no changes were observed in hIgG1 N‐glycosylation. Consequently, changes in N‐linked carbohydrate profile of IgG1 can be used as molecular diagnostic tools in space.
Real‐time monitoring of ethanol production during Pichia stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 alcoholic fermentation using transflection near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Corro‐Herrera Víctor Abel , Gómez‐Rodríguez Javier , Hayward‐Jones Patricia Margaret , Barradas‐Dermitz Dulce María , Gschaedler‐Mathis Anne Christine , Aguilar‐Uscanga María Guadalupe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe application of in situ near‐infrared spectroscopy monitoring of xylose metabolizing yeast such as Pichia stipitis for ethanol production with semisynthetic media, applying chemometrics, was investigated. During the process in a bioreactor, biomass, glucose, xylose, ethanol, acetic acid, and glycerol determinations were performed by a transflection probe immersed in the culture broth and connected to a near‐infrared process analyzer. Wavelength windows in near‐infrared spectra recorded between 800 and 2200 nm were pretreated using Savitzky–Golay smoothing, second derivative and multiplicative scattering correction in order to perform a partial least squares regression and generate the calibration models. These calibration models were tested by external validation (78 samples). Calibration and validation criteria were defined and evaluated in order to generate robust and reliable models for an alcoholic fermentation process matrix. Moreover, regressions coefficients (β) and variable influence in the projection plots were used to assess the results. A novelty is the use of β versus VIP dispersion plots to determine which vectors have more influence on the response in order to improve process comprehension and operability. Validated models were used in a real‐time monitoring during P. stipitis NRRL Y7124 semisynthetic media fermentations.
Design Methodology for Electrocaloric Cooling Systems
Authors: Blumenthal Philipp , Raatz Annika 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor over a decade now, the electrocaloric effect (ECE) and electrocaloric (EC) cooling have been the subject of increasing research activities. Research on electrocaloric materials (ECM) is quite advanced; however, significant progress on EC cooling systems is still missing. Therefore, a methodological approach for the structured development of EC cooling systems is presented here. It is based on the well‐known V‐Model and integrates different tools, as a classification of device types, influencing factors, and numerical simulation methods. The methodology can be used to structure development processes and to identify favorable geometrical and operating parameters of an EC cooling device. The methodology is validated with a demonstrator, which is designed, built, and practically tested for over 2000 h. With this small‐scale device and a low electrical field strength of 3 kV mm−1, a temperature span of over 1.1 K could be achieved.
Changes in eating disorder characteristics over the years
Authors: Probst Michel , Kürsa Kärt , Van Damme Tine , Diedens Jolien , Vanderlinden Johan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince 1980, the diagnostic criteria of patients with eating disorders (ED) have changed over the years. Are these changes also expressed in the clinical features of the ED patients? A cross‐sectional sample was drawn consisting of 100 consecutive female patients' files diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and bulimia nervosa and admitted at an inpatient unit from the first of January 1990, 2000, and 2010, respectively. Several reliable and well‐validated questionnaires (Eating Disorder Inventory, Body Attitude Test, Symptom Checklist, and the Beck Depression Inventory) were administered and scores were compared. The ratio AN/BN remained the same (65/35). No differences were found between the three cohorts except for depression, which increased over the years. This pattern is the same for the subsamples of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Specific characteristics of eating disorder pathology did not change across time.