bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfite‐free lamb burger meat: antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of green tea and carvacrol
Authors: Bellés Marc , Alonso Veronica , Roncalés Pedro , Beltrán Jose A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfite is commonly used to preserve lamb burger meat in the EU. Nevertheless, its consumption has been related to certain health problems, which has increased consumer demand for sulfite‐free products. Natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may be a feasible alternative to preserve lamb burger meat. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of carvacrol, green tea and their combination in preserving lamb burger meat. Their effect was also compared with that of 400 ppm sulfite.RESULTSLamb burger meat was mixed with different concentrations of the extracts, packaged aerobically and displayed for 8 days at 4 °C. Total polyphenols, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, colour, and microbial and sensory analyses were performed. Both green tea and carvacrol avoided lipid oxidation even at 300 ppm, while only carvacrol, which showed a concentration‐dependent action, delayed discolouration and microbial growth. Carvacrol and green tea also limited the development of oxidation odour and flavour, but the former brought about herbal odours and flavours to the meat. On the other hand, sulfite provided a higher colour stability and lower microbial counts than both natural compounds but presented a higher lipid oxidation.CONCLUSIONCarvacrol seems to be a promising alternative to replace sulfite in lamb burger meat, whereas green tea should be combined with an antimicrobial agent. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of detoxification on biological quality of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel
Authors: Tanwar Beenu , Modgil Rajni , Goyal Ankit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite rich source of protein and oil, wild (bitter) apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel is rarely exploited by food industries due to high amount of antinutrients and potentially toxic amygdalin. This study was aimed to assess the effect of detoxification on the biological quality of the wild apricot kernel (WAK)‐supplemented diet in male Wistar albino rats.RESULTSIn order to detoxify, WAK flour was soaked in 25% sodium chloride solution for 24 h followed by washing and drying. Results revealed that detoxification significantly (P < 0.05) improved the nutritional quality by reducing the content of antinutrients (tannins, flavonoids, trypsin inhibitor, saponins, oxalates, phytates and hydrocyanic acid) from raw WAK. When compared with the raw kernel group, the detoxified WAK group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for growth performance parameters – namely feed consumed (169.14 ± 3.40 versus 152.14 ± 1.59 g), protein consumed (16.91 ± 0.63 versus 15.21 ± 0.68 g), weight gain (64.77 ± 2.59 versus 48.74 ± 0.62 g), protein efficiency ratio (3.83 ± 0.33 versus 3.20 ± 0.36), feed efficiency ratio (0.38 ± 0.017 vs 0.32 ± 0.02), biological value (73.62 ± 4.53 versus 65.26 ± 4.60%), apparent protein digestibility (78.55 ± 1.37 versus 70.35 ± 2.66%), true protein digestibility and net protein utilization, suggesting a prominent effect of detoxification in order to improve the biological quality of the WAK.CONCLUSIONDetoxification improved the biological quality of the WAK‐supplemented diet. Hence, detoxified kernel flour could be utilized as an economic and quality source of protein and oil for the supplementation of value‐added food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Plant community ecological strategy assembly response to yak grazing in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Chunyan , Yang Hao , Mou Chengxiang , Mo Li , Luo Peng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredicting the impact of grazing on vegetation structure, and thus on ecosystem services, is one of the main technical bottlenecks in alpine grassland conservation and management. However, past researches based on the fixed, discrete, and qualitative indicators limited our understanding for the effect of grazing on plant community assembly. Research based on the quantitative competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) theory increases the possibilities for analyzing this ecological process. To test the hypothesis that the dominant plant strategy in alpine meadow plant community will shift from S‐selection to R‐selection with increased grazing intensity, the plant community CSR strategy assemblies among the cold‐seasonal grazing meadows along a gradient of grazing intensity were studied on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dominant strategy concentrated in the S‐selected corner under the low grazing intensity, which provided a direct evidence to the environmental filters in the alpine area, and suggested that species of strong S‐selection should dominate the undisturbed alpine grassland plant community. The C‐selection of dominant strategies increased (R2 = 0.431, p = 0.004), and the extent of S‐selection decreased with greater grazing intensity; however, the R‐selection of them only slightly increased under intermediate grazing intensity and finally decreased under high grazing intensity, reflecting a selective grazing disturbance combined with localized enrichment of soil that can provide microsites for the establishment of competitors. The strong C‐selected species may dominate the plant community on the eastern Tibetan Plateau in place of S‐selected and R‐selected species, if the grazing intensity is continually high.
Swiss Learning Health System: A national initiative to establish learning cycles for continuous health system improvement
Authors: Boes Stefan , Mantwill Sarah , Kaufmann Cornel , Brach Mirjam , Bickenbach Jerome , Rubinelli Sara , Stucki Gerold 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe health system in Switzerland is considered as one of the best in the world. Nevertheless, to effectively and efficiently meet current and future challenges, an infrastructure and culture are needed where the best evidence is systematically made available and used, and the system evolves on the basis of a constant exchange between research, policy, and practice. The Swiss Learning Health System institutionalizes this idea as a multistakeholder national initiative to ensure continuous improvement through ongoing research and implementation. This article presents the objectives and mechanisms of the Swiss Learning Health System in the context of international initiatives to strengthen health systems and improve population health through learning cycles.
Copper stress response in yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5 isolated from sea ice, Antarctic
Authors: Kan Guangfeng , Wang Xiaofei , Jiang Jie , Zhang Chengsheng , Chi Minglei , Ju Yun , Shi Cuijuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeavy metal pollution in Antarctic is serious by anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric transport. To dissect the heavy metal adaptation mechanisms of sea‐ice organisms, a basidiomycetous yeast strain AN5 was isolated and its cellular changes were analyzed. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization indicated that this yeast strain belonged to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5. Heavy metal resistance pattern of Cd > Pb = Mn > Cu > Cr > Hg was observed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) results exhibited altered cell surface morphology under the influence of copper metal compared to that with control. The determination of physiological and biochemical changes manifested that progressive copper treatment significantly increased antioxidative reagents content and enzymes activity in the red yeast, which quench the active oxygen species to maintain the intercellular balance of redox state and ensure the cellular fission and growth. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that, under 2 mM copper stress, 95 protein spots were tested reproducible changes of at least 10‐fold in cells. Among 95 protein spots, 43 were elevated and 52 were decreased synthesis. After MALDI TOF MS/MS analysis, 51 differentially expressed proteins were identified successfully and classified into six functional groups, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleotide and protein metabolism, protein folding, antioxidant system, signaling, and unknown function proteins. Function analysis indicated that carbohydrate and energy metabolism‐, nucleotide and protein metabolism‐, and protein folding‐related proteins played central role to the heavy metal resistance of Antarctic yeast. Generally, the results revealed that the yeast has a great capability to cope with heavy metal stress and activate the physiological and protein mechanisms, which allow more efficient recovery after copper stress. Our studies increase understanding of the molecular resistance mechanism of polar yeast to heavy metal, which will be benefitted for the sea‐ice isolates to be a potential candidate for bioremediation of metal‐contaminated environments.
Study of barrier height inhomogeneity at zinc oxide/polymer:fullerene interface in polymer solar cells
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil , Ansari Mohd Zubair , Majumdar Amitava , Khare Neeraj 
Published: June 2018

Dark current density‐voltage (J‐V) characteristics of polymer solar cell with inverted structure have been measured in the temperature range 190 to 350 K. Ideality factor (n) and dark saturation current (J0) have been extracted from forward bias J‐V characteristics at different temperatures. The ideality factor is found to decrease, and J0 increases with the increase in temperature. Estimated zero‐bias barrier height (ΦB) with the temperature also shows similar trend like J0. This observed behavior is attributed to the presence of inhomogeneous Schottky barrier at the ZnO/polymer:fullerene interface. Further, this has been confirmed that the barrier height inhomogeneities at the interface have Gaussian distribution with mean zero‐bias barrier height
= 1.15 eV and zero‐bias standard deviation σS0 = 0.155 V. We calculated the Richardson constant (A*) using modified
versus 1/T plot and obtained value as approximately 48.11 A cm−2 K−2, which is close to the value taken from the literature.
Damping elastomer with broad temperature range based on irregular networks containing hyperbranched polyester and dangling chains
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Li Hanmo , Lu Xun 
Published: June 2018

Elastomer is one of the important materials for vibration and noise reduction. However, its narrow effective damping temperature range (tanδ ≥ 0.3) remains to be a major issue that hinders its application as a damping material. Herein, we precisely design and synthesize a polyurethane structure where specific dangling chains with both electron‐donating group and electron‐absorbing group were introduced into prepolymers, generating more hydrogen bonding interaction with the main chain to hinder microphase separation. At the same time, hyperbranched polyester as a cross‐linking agent increases its free volume effectively. The synergy effect of enhancement of hydrogen bonding, decrease of microphase separation, and increase of free volume results in a higher damping polyurethane elastomer with a great wider effective damping temperature range up to 175°C (−60°C‐115°C), which provides a new idea for the preparation of damping elastomer.
Interfacial strength and mechanisms of silicone resin composites reinforced with 2 different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/carbon fiber hybrids
Authors: Zhang Chunxu , Wu Guangshun 
Published: June 2018

Grafting nanoscale reinforcement onto macrolevel carbon fiber (CF) surface is an efficient approach to improve interfacial strength and properties of composites. In the research, 2 different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)/CF hybrids have been prepared by a facile 2‐step method. Carbon fiber was grafted with aniline groups by aryl diazonium reaction using water as the reaction medium, and then separately functionalized with glycidyllsobutyl POSS (EP0418) or glycidyl POSS (EP0409) by the chemical bonding. Characterization of fiber surface structures before and after modification confirmed the covalent bonding nature between both kinds of POSS and CF. Atomic force microscopy images showed the uniform distributions of EP0418 or EP0409 modified on the fiber surface and the similar enhanced degree of surface roughness (89.3 and 88.7 nm). Dynamic contact angle tests showed that EP0409‐grafted CF (CF‐g‐EP0409) had lower contact angles and higher surface free energy than those of EP0418‐grafted CF (CF‐g‐EP0418). Interfacial strength and hydrothermal aging resistance of composites enhanced significantly after POSS modification, especially for CF‐g‐EP0409 composites. Interfacial reinforcing mechanisms of composites reinforced with 2 different POSS/CF hybrids have also been analyzed and compared.
Sodium alginate/magnesium oxide nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Nasri‐Nasrabadi Bijan , Kaynak Akif , Heidarian Pejman , Komeily‐Nia Zahra , Mehrasa Mohammad , Salehi Hossein , Kouzani Abbas Z. 
Published: June 2018

A simple 2‐step method, consisting of film casting and polyvinyl alcohol leaching, is proposed to prepare magnesium oxide (MO) nanoparticle‐reinforced sodium alginate scaffolds with right properties for bone tissue engineering. The cytocompatibility of the as‐prepared scaffolds was also evaluated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium‐bromide yellow tetrazole assay test, wherein chondrocyte cells had been considered as target cells. According to the results, the ensuing sodium alginate nanocomposites, containing 4‐wt% MO nanoparticles, demonstrated the highest physical and mechanical properties after leaching step. The Young modulus of sodium alginate/4‐wt% MO was improved about 44%, in comparison with that of the pure alginate sample. Furthermore, incorporating MO nanoparticles up to 4 wt% controlled the liquid uptake capacity of scaffolds vis‐à‐vis the resultant pure sodium alginate sample. Moreover, with increasing the nanoparticle content, the antibacterial properties of scaffolds enhanced, but their degradation rates under in vitro conditions tapered off. With the introduction of 3‐ and 4‐wt% MO, the average diameter of the bacterial zone of the scaffold samples reduced to less than 10 mm2, suggesting an insensitive antimicrobial performance, compared with the pure sodium alginate and the samples with 1‐ and 2‐wt% MO content, which exhibit antimicrobial sensitivity. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium‐bromide assay test also revealed the cultivated chondrocyte cells on the 4‐wt% MO nanoparticle‐reinforced scaffold possessed better interaction as well as appropriate cell attachment and proliferation than the pristine sodium alginate sample.
On the KKLT goldstino
Authors: Krishnan Chethan , Raj Himanshu , Subramanian P. N. Bala 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe construct general asymptotically Klebanov-Strassler solutions of a five dimensionalSU(2) × SU(2) × ℤ2 × ℤ2Rtruncation of IIB supergravity onT1,1, that break supersymmetry. This generalizes results in the literature for theSU(2) × SU(2) × ℤ2 × U(1)Rcase, to a truncation that is general enough to capture the deformation of the conifold in the IR. We observe that there are only two SUSY-breaking modes even in this generalized set up, and by holographically computing Ward identities, we confirm that only one of them corresponds to spontaneous breaking: this is the mode triggered by smeared anti-D3 branes at the tip of the warped throat. Along the way, we address some aspects of the holographic computation of one-point functions of marginal and relevant operators in the cascading gauge theory. Our results strengthen the evidence thatifthe KKLT construction is meta-stable, it is indeed a spontaneously SUSY-broken (and therefore bona fide) vacuum of string theory.
Recursive Soft Drop
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Necib Lina , Soyez Gregory , Thaler Jesse 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe introduce a new jet substructure technique called Recursive Soft Drop, which generalizes the Soft Drop algorithm to have multiple grooming layers. Like the original Soft Drop method, this new recursive variant traverses a jet clustering tree to remove soft wide-angle contamination. By enforcing the Soft Drop conditionNtimes, Recursive Soft Drop improves the jet mass resolution for boosted hadronic objects likeWbosons, top quarks, and Higgs bosons. We further show that this improvement in mass resolution persists when including the effects of pileup, up to large pileup multiplicities. In the limit thatNgoes to infinity, the resulting groomed jets formally have zero catchment area. As an alternative approach, we present a bottom-up version of Recursive Soft Drop which, in its local form, is similar to Recursive Soft Drop and which, in its global form, can be used to perform event-wide grooming.
A Study of Bioerosion of Belemnites and Taphonomy of Cephalopods from Kuldhar Member of Jurassic Jaisalmer Formation from Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
Authors: Paul Sharmistha , Gangopadhyay Tapas K. , Mal Ujjal 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The Callovian-Oxfordian Kuldhar Member of Middle-Upper Jurassic Jaisalmer Formation, Rajasthan is characterized by a rich cephalopod (ammonites and belemnites) fauna along with other invertebrates. They are embedded in oolitic limestone, at places in nodular limestone, grey shale and occasional red mud. The belemnite rostra bear bioerosions in the form of borings of circular or elliptical type. The present study identified those as Trypanites isp. and Rogerella isp. and characterized the hitherto unnoticed bioerosions of these belemnite rostra to be post-mortal. Different dispositions of major diameter of belemnite rostra has been interpreted to represent churning effect of ichnofossil producing organisms which put evidences of several generations of omission surfaces. Vertical and horizontal orientations of stephanoceratid ammonites side by side have been critically analysed in the light of lithology and prevailing environmental condition and inferred to be an artifact of gravity and thixotropic property of clay. Ammonites like Stephanoceratids and Macrocephalitids inhabit within 110m depth which is also permissible depth of belemnites as well as probable depth of formation of oolites, carbonate mud and aluminosilicate mud. Considering the lithology of the rocks like oolites, carbonate mud, aluminosilicate, the habitat of stephanoceratid and habitat of acrothoracid barnacles (organisms responsible for Rogerella isp.), the environment has been delineated to be sublittoral which was previously designated as shoreface zone to offshore transition zone.
Lagerstroemia L. wood from the Kimin Formation (Upper Siwalik) of Arunachal Pradesh and its Climatic and Phytogeographic Significance
Authors: Mehrotra R. C. , Srivastava Gaurav , Srikarni C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
A fossil wood of Lagerstroemia L. from the Upper Siwalik sediments of Arunachal Pradesh is described. The genus is recorded for the first time from this state. The modern analog of the fossil species i.e. L. tomentosa C. Presl is not found in the fossil locality at present.. The most plausible reason for the disappearance of the species from the fossil locality is an increase in temperature seasonality caused by the upheaval of the Himalaya during the Pleistocene.
Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones using Remote Sensing and GIS of K-J Watershed, India
Authors: Chaudhary B. S. , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Groundwater potential zone mapping has become easier with the inputs from Remote Sensing (RS) & Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Various thematic maps like geology, geomorphology, drainage density, slope, landuse/landcover etc can be easily generated through RS & GIS. The present study is aimed at generating groundwater potential map of Koshalya-Jhajhara (K-J) watershed by using integrated approach of RS & GIS. Various thematic layers have been generated and assigned weightages and ranks. These layers have been integrated in GIS software for generating Groundwater Potential Zone (GPZ) map of K-J watershed. The area falls into five categories of groundwater potential zones i.e. very good, good, moderate, poor and very Poor depending on the likelihood of availability of ground water. On the basis of this study it is found that only 5.83 km2 and 4.91 km2 area is under very good and good category of groundwater availability respectively. An area of 24.48 km2 is found under moderate category whereas dominant portion of K-J watershed i.e. 61.83 km2 and 37.87 km2 area falls under poor and very poor category of availability of groundwater respectively.
Stability Analysis of Landslide near Dewal Village along Murree-Muzaffarabad Road, Pakistan
Authors: Akram Mian Sohail , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ali Asif 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
This study presents a detailed geological and geotechnical analysis of Dewal landslide along Murree-Muzaffarabad road, Pakistan. The study area is situated in a tectonically active region of the earth where mass movements like rock fall, rockslides and slumps cause adverse economic loss through disruption of travelling on roads. The study has the main focus on factors responsible for its instability together with stability analysis using limit equilibrium method by use of computer program Slide (version 5.0). The input parameters of rock mass was evaluated by field investigations and laboratory testing. To analyze the net deposit and net slide mass of the landslide area, multi-date point’s data of 2008 and 2012 of the slide area was obtained and their digital elevation models were generated by using Inverse distance weighting (IDW) technique in ArcGIS 9.3. The study has concluded that the present slope instability is the function of a specific deformation pattern in the rock units (leading towards the possibility of a shear plane under the slid mass), surface and subsurface drainage and the engineering behavior of the overburden and underlying rock units. This study recommends several protection parameters for landslide and suggests that detailed investigation of Dewal landslide is required for long term stability.
Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Pollution and Human Health Risk in Soil of Ilesha Gold Mining Site, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Odukoya A. M. , Olobaniyi S. B. , Oluseyi T. O. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The paper presents results of research to determine the health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils of gold mining area in Ilesha, Southwestern Nigeria. Eighteen top soil samples were collected and analysed for PTEs using ICPMS. The pollution level in soils were assessed using pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The human health risk was assessed using hazard index (HI), non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk index. All the PTEs were higher than crustal average values except Fe and follow the order Mn &gt; Ba &gt; Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Co &gt;Fe &gt; As &gt; Cd. The soil samples can be classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted (0.18-1.23) and low risk (15.28-94.24) based on PLI and PERI respectively. The values of hazard Index (HI) calculated for child and adult population for all the pathways were &lt;1 and pose no obvious non carcinogenic risk to the population except for ingestion pathway where 33% of the samples showed value &gt;1 in child population. As, Co, Cd and Pb constituted high cancer risk in the study area with child at higher risk than adult. The Total Cancer Risk (TCR) in the study area based on all the pathways ranges between 0.19 -3.86 and 0.18-3.58 for child and adult respectively and the ingestion route seems to be the major contributor to excess lifetime cancer risk followed by the dermal pathway.