bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Jazziness of Local Food Practice Work: Organization‐Level Ingenuity and the Entrepreneurial Formation and Evolution of Local Food Systems
Authors: Mars Matthew M. , Schau Hope Jensen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLocal food systems (LFSs) are complex and diverse social structures. The processes that influence the formation and evolution of LFSs are obscure, relatively uncoordinated, and somewhat mysterious. This study develops a stronger understanding of such processes through a qualitative exploration of the influence of routine practice work at the organization level on the entrepreneurial development of two distinct LFSs in the Southwest region of the United States: southeastern Arizona and Albuquerque−Santa Fe. We gathered data between August 2014 and September 2017 through semistructured interviews with and direct observations of 53 local food practitioners operating in one of the two LFSs. Theoretical principles of institutional entrepreneurship, embedded agency, and practice work guided the study. The findings reveal three forms of ingenuity (technological, organizational, policy) that regularly emerge through the day‐to‐day organization‐level work of local food practitioners. We argue that the system‐level influence of these forms, whether intentional or not, are indicators of the embedded agency of the practitioners and their capacities to serve as institutional entrepreneurs. We discuss implications for both practice and future research.
“I Don’t Want to Work in Agriculture!” The Transition from Agricultural Education to the Labor Market in Rural Russia
Authors: Unay‐Gailhard İlkay , Bavorová Miroslava , Bednaříková Zuzana , Ponkina Elena V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn Russia, the shift in career incentives from agriculture‐related jobs to other sectors, even among agriculturally educated students, presents two main challenges to rural labor markets. The first relates to the shortage of agricultural employees. The second concerns difficulties in the school‐to‐work transition, characterized by long periods of unemployment. This article addresses these challenges by studying the career incentives of postsecondary agriculturally educated students, based on data from the Altai region, Siberia (N = 474). We use a logit regression to predict the probability of career transition, given the incentives. We examine whether familial background and life expectations are associated with plans to pursue a career in agriculture within a life course context. The results show that students’ career plans with respect to agriculture vary according to both sociofamilial background and views about one’s life course.
Leonard Lawlor’s Renewal of Thinking
Authors: Haddad Samir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper I analyze Leonard Lawlor’s strategy of inheriting from the tradition, highlighting the way he traces and amplifies a series of conceptual transformations that take place across twentieth‐century continental philosophy. Focusing on the particular movement from metaphysics to ethics enacted in From Violence to Speaking Out, I raise three concerns regarding Lawlor’s ethics of “the least violence,” arguing that there is a problem with a quantitative understanding of this notion, that the quality of potentiality attributed to it needs more clarification, and that Lawlor’s proposal of a radical letting be has more dangers than he seems to realize.
Violence and Reactions
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article has two parts. On the one hand, it summarizes a lot of the work I have done over the last 10 years. The summary starts with three phenomenological insights: into temporalization, into intersubjectivity, and into foundations. It ends with a discussion of ethics based on Kant and Bergson. On the other hand, the article presents my responses to three commentators on my work: Emilia Angelova, Edward S. Casey, and Samir Haddad. All three raise important questions about my work. All three bring me back to the main point of my work: strategies for letting others be free. Thus, to use a phrase that probably seems out of date, this article could have been called “strategies of deconstruction.”
Violence and “Hyperbologic”: Lawlor on Time’s Relation to Metaphysics
Authors: Angelova Emilia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn his recent work, Leonard Lawlor draws attention to the problem of “violence,” which is the “problem that provides the most food for thought.” This emphasis on the problem of violence and its connections to metaphysics understood as philosophy has been remarkably consistent over his career, and thinking through responses to “violence” has sustained Lawlor’s continued effort to think about what he calls “violent” relations between event and repeatability and ground these upon a critical phenomenology. This contribution to the discussion of Lawlor’s work focuses on his most recent book, From Violence to Speaking Out (2016), so as to suggest three important directions for this project and for philosophy’s response to violence. I first briefly trace the theme of violence in From Violence to Speaking Out, contextualizing it against the rest of his work, so as to draw out what he means by violence and its provocation to philosophy, with special attention to the way that the violence in question is figured as disrupting the transcendental and confronting philosophy with what Lawlor calls the “ultratranscendental.” Second, I link it to the theme of time by tracing Lawlor’s point about violence in relation to the breaking up of the transcendental subject from Kant into Heidegger. Third, I link these points to the negative movement of the dissolution of modes of repeatability. This dissolution is captured in a kind of “speaking‐out” that Lawlor detects in Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze and Guattari, involving an excess over and above expression, which Deleuze calls “hyperbologic.”
Prospective mathematics teachers’ expectations for middle grades students’ arguments
Authors: Suominen Ashley L. , Conner AnneMarie , Park Hyejin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, 15 prospective secondary (grades 6–12) mathematics teachers were asked to situate themselves as middle school (grades 6–8) mathematics teachers and validate arguments purported to prove that the sum of the first n odd natural numbers is. We examined their stated expectations for middle school students’ mathematical arguments and the rationales given for these expectations. Even though the participants were situated as middle grades teachers when evaluating hypothetical student arguments, not all of the participants embraced this perspective when discussing their expectations for middle school students’ arguments. In fact, only six participants embraced the teacher perspective, whereas nine participants relied, at least in some part, on their own experiences as students to determine their expectations for student work. In this article, we report five representative participants’ expectations and rationales to illustrate three emerging perspectives on prospective teachers’ expectations for middle school students’ arguments.
An Analysis of Microstructure and Microhardness Distribution in Underwater Wet Welding of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel to Low Alloy Steel 16Mn
Authors: Li HongLiang , Liu Duo , Wang Zhi , Guo Ning , Feng JiCai 
Published: September 2018

In this study, underwater wet welding of 304L austenitic stainless steel to 16Mn low alloy steel was carried out using self-shielded flux-cored wires at a water depth of 0.3 m. The welds were produced using commercially obtained ER308 filler and specially developed nickel-based tubular wire. Microstructure and microhardness of wet welded joints have been particularly analyzed. The interface between austenitic weld metal and ferritic base metal was also discussed in detail.
A robust weld of 304L/16Mn joint could be achieved by FCAW process using nickel-based tubular wire. Commercially obtained ER308 consumables failed to acquire sound welded joints due to large amount of slag remained in the groove. Ni-based weld metal was fully austenitic with well-developed columnar sub-grains while ER308 weld metal consisted of d-ferrite with different morphologies in the austenitic matrix. Type II boundary existed between austenitic weld metal and ferritic base metal. Compared to ER308 weld metal, Ni-based weld metal possessed the ability to be diluted by 16Mn base metal.
Maximum hardness values in wet welding appeared in coarse-grained heat affected zone instead of transition zone for both consumables. Austenitic stainless steel welded joints exhibited high microhardness in the transition zone of 16Mn side, which was strongly diluted by ferritic base metal.
Machine-Tool Error Observer Design With Application to Thermal Error Tracking
Authors: Ko Hua-Wei , Kapoor Shiv G. , Ferreira Placid M. , Bazzoli Patrick , Nisbett J. Adam , Bristow Douglas , Chen Yujie 
Published: September 2018

A parameter identification procedure for identifying the parameters of a volumetric error model of a large and complex machine tool usually requires a large number of observations of volumetric error components in its workspace. This paper demonstrates the possibility of applying optimal observation/experimental design theories to volumetric error model parameter identification of a large 5-axis machine with one redundant axis. Several designs such as A-, D- and K-optimal designs seek to maximize the amount of information carried in the observations made in an experiment. In this paper, we adapt these design approaches in the construction of machine-tool error observers by determining locations in the workspace at which components of volumetric errors must be measured so that the underlying error model parameters can be identified.
Many of optimal designs tend to localize observations at either the center or the boundary of the workspace. This can leave large volumes of the workspace inadequately represented, making the identified model parameters particularly susceptible to model inadequacy issues. Therefore, we develop constrained optimization algorithms that force the distribution of observation points in the machine’s workspace. Optimal designs provide the possibility of efficiency (reduced number of observations and hence reduced measurement time) in the identification procedure. This opens up the possibility of tracking thermal variations of the volumetric error model with periodic quick measurements. We report on the design, implementation and performance of a constrained K-optimal in tracking the thermal variations of the volumetric error over a 5.5 hour period of operations with measurements being made each hour.
Lightweight Microlattice With Tunable Mechanical Properties Using 3D Printed Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Yang Chen , Boorugu Manish , Dopp Andrew , Lee Howon 
Published: September 2018

Metamaterials are architected artificial materials engineered to exhibit properties not typically found in natural materials. Increasing attention has recently been given to mechanical metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical properties including high stiffness, strength, or/and resilience even at extremely low density. These unusual mechanical performances emerge from the three-dimensional (3D) spatial arrangement of the micro-structural elements designed to effectively distribute mechanical loads. Recent advances in additive manufacturing in micro-/nano-scale have catalyzed the growing interest in this field.
This work presents a new lightweight microlattice with tunable and recoverable mechanical properties using a three-dimensionally architected shape memory polymer (SMP). SMP microlattices were fabricated utilizing our micro additive manufacturing technique called projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL), which uses a digital micro-mirror device (DMD™) as a dynamically reconfigurable photomask. We use a photo-crosslinkable and temperature-responsive SMP which can retain its large deformation until heated for spontaneous shape recovery. In addition, it exhibits remarkable elastic modulus changes during this transition. We demonstrate that mechanical responses of the micro 3D printed SMP microlattice can be reversibly tuned by temperature control. Mechanical testing result showed that stiffness of a SMP microlattice changed by two orders of magnitude by a moderate temperature shift by 60°C. Furthermore, the shape memory effect of the SMP allows for full restitution of the original shape of the microlattice upon heating even after substantial mechanical deformation. Mechanical metamaterials with lightweight, reversibly tunable properties, and shape recoverability can potentially lead to new smart structural systems that can effectively react and adapt to varying environments or unpredicted loads.
Voxel Based Cutting Force Simulation of Ball End Milling Considering Cutting Edge Around Center Web
Authors: Nishida Isamu , Nakamura Takaya , Sato Ryuta , Shirase Keiichi 
Published: September 2018

A new method, which accurately predicts cutting force in ball end milling considering cutting edge around center web, has been proposed. The new method accurately calculates the uncut chip thickness, which is required to estimate the cutting force by the instantaneous rigid force model. In the instantaneous rigid force model, the uncut chip thickness is generally calculated on the cutting edge in each minute disk element piled up along the tool axis.
However, the orientation of tool cutting edge of ball end mill is different from that of square end mill. Therefore, for the ball end mill, the uncut chip thickness cannot be calculated accurately in the minute disk element, especially around the center web. Then, this study proposes a method to calculate the uncut chip thickness along the vector connecting the center of the ball and the cutting edge. The proposed method can reduce the estimation error of the uncut chip thickness especially around the center web compared with the previous method. Our study also realizes to calculate the uncut chip thickness discretely by using voxel model and detecting the removal voxels in each minute tool rotation angle, in which the relative relationship between a cutting edge and a workpiece, which changes dynamically during tool rotation.
A cutting experiment with the ball end mill was conducted in order to validate the proposed method. The results showed that the error between the measured and predicted cutting forces can be reduced by the proposed method compared with the previous method.
Mantra meditation programme for emergency department staff: a qualitative study
Authors: Lynch Julie , Prihodova Lucia , Dunne Pádraic J , O’Leary Caoimhe , Breen Rachel , Carroll Áine , Walsh Cathal , McMahon Geraldine , White Barry 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesRates of burnout and stress in healthcare practitioners are steadily increasing. Emergency department (ED) staff are particularly susceptible to such poor outcomes. Mantra meditation (MM) may contribute to increased well-being. The primary aim of this study was to obtain indepth qualitative feedback on ED staff’s experience of a MM programme. A secondary objective was to harness staff’s perception of the ED working environment.DesignQualitative study.SettingED in St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsDoctors, nurses, allied health professionals and administrative staff (n=10, eight women, mean age 35.6 years) working in the ED who attended a MM programme.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted by a trained independent researcher. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsFive main themes and six subthemes were identified: work pressure and perceived stress; perceived benefits of meditation (with subthemes of increased attention/awareness, improved emotion regulation and new coping mechanisms, relaxation and sleep quality); conflicting attitudes to practice; barriers to meditation practice (with subthemes of schedule, length of practice and individual differences); and facilitators to practice.ConclusionED staff in this study described the demands of their work and voiced a need for a workplace well-being programme. Our findings suggest that MM might represent a viable tool to develop attention and awareness, improve emotion regulation and improve their capacity to cope with stress, which may impact their workplace well-being, wider health service, patient safety and quality of care. Support from the organisation is considered to be integral to embedding of a workplace well-being programme, such as the practice of meditation into their daily lives.
Advance notice of contraceptive availability at surgical abortion: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Roe Andrea H , Fortin Jennifer , Gelfand Danielle , Janiak Elizabeth , Maurer Rie , Goldberg Alisa 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWith advance notice about the availability and effectiveness of contraceptive methods, abortion patients have more time and information for decision-making. We assessed the impact of an informational telephone call prior to the surgical abortion visit on patient contraceptive knowledge.MethodsThis was a pilot randomised controlled trial. Prior to their abortion visit, participants were randomised to the intervention message, a standardised notification about the availability, effectiveness and safety of long-acting (LARC) and short-acting reversible contraception (SARC) on the day of the abortion, or to the control message, a reiteration of appointment logistics without information about contraception. At the visit, participants completed a pre-procedure survey to assess contraceptive knowledge and usefulness of the intervention. The primary outcome was knowledge of LARC availability immediately after surgical abortion. A secondary outcome was contraceptive method uptake.ResultsWe enrolled 234 subjects. The pre-visit telephone notification improved knowledge that LARC is available immediately after surgical abortion (71.3% vs 50.9%, P<0.01). Participants in both study arms found the telephone notifications useful. Post-abortion contraceptive method choice did not differ between study arms.ConclusionsAdvance notice about contraception was acceptable to surgical abortion patients and improved their contraceptive knowledge.Trial registration numberNCT02836561.
Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing plasma with balanced crystalloid resuscitation in surgical and trauma patients with septic shock
Authors: Wei Shuyan , Kao Lillian S , Wang Henry E , Chang Ronald , Podbielski Jeanette , Holcomb John B , Wade Charles E 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundSeptic shock is a public health problem with high mortality. There remains a knowledge gap regarding the optimal resuscitation fluid to improve clinical outcomes, and the underlying mechanism by which fluids exert their effect. Shock-induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) is thought to be a shared pathophysiologic mechanism associated with worsened outcomes in critically ill trauma and sepsis patients. SHINE is characterized by breakdown of the glycocalyx—a network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins that covers the endothelium. This has been associated with capillary leakage and microvascular thrombosis, organ dysfunction, and mortality. Biomarkers of SHINE have been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock. Interventions to mitigate SHINE may improve outcomes in patients with septic shock. In surgical/trauma patients with septic shock, initial plasma resuscitation as compared with balanced crystalloid (BC) resuscitation will mitigate biomarkers of SHINE and improve clinical outcomes.MethodsA pilot, single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare initial plasma to BC resuscitation in surgical and trauma patients with septic shock. Patients will be enrolled based on a Sepsis Screening Score of ≥4 with a suspected source of infection. Patient randomization only occurs if they meet the criteria: (1) hypotension with mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg, and (2) evidence of hypoperfusion including lactic acid >4 mmol/L, altered mental status or decreased urine output of <0.5 mL/kg in the past hour.ResultsThe primary outcome is a reduction in serum biomarkers at 6 hours. Secondary outcomes will include clinical outcomes such as intensive care unit-free days, organ dysfunction, and in-hospital mortality.DiscussionThis trial will provide insights into the effects of initial plasma resuscitation on SHINE. Furthermore, it will provide unbiased estimates regarding the feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of plasma resuscitation in septic shock on which to base subsequent adequately powered multicenter RCTs.Trail registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03366220).
On Automated Memoization in the Field of Simulation Parameter Studies
Authors: Stoffers Mirko , Schemmel Daniel , Dustmann Oscar Soria , Wehrle Klaus 
Published: September 2018

Processes in computer simulations tend to be highly repetitive. In particular, parameter studies further exasperate the situation as the same model is repeatedly executed with only partially varying parameters. Consequently, computer simulations perform identical computations, with identical code, identical input, and hence identical output. These redundant computations waste significant amounts of time and energy.
Memoization, dating back to 1968, enables the caching of such identical intermediate results, thereby significantly speeding up those computations. However, until now, automated approaches were limited to pure functions. At ACM SIGSIM-PADS 2016 we published, to the best of our knowledge, the first practical approach for automated memoization for impure code. In this work, we extend this approach and evaluate the performance characteristics of a number of extensions that deal with questions posed at PADS: (1) To reduce and bound the memory footprint, we investigate several cache eviction strategies. (2) We allow the original and the memoized code to coexist via a runtime-switch and analyze the crossover point, thereby mitigating memoization overhead. (3) By optionally persisting the Memoization Cache to disk, we expand the scope to exploratory parameter studies where cached results can now be reused across multiple simulation runs.
Altogether, automated memoization for impure code is a valuable technique, the versatility of which we explore further in this article. It sped up a case study of an OFDM network simulation by a factor of more than 80 with an only marginal increase of memory consumption.
СТРУКТУРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТТЯ “ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ” КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Kichula M. Ya. 
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – виявлення спільних аспектів у визначенні якості життя у різних наукових галузях для виокремлення педагогічних детермінантів вказаного поняття.Основна частина. Якість життя як складна і багатогранна категорія є предметом дослідження багатьох наукових дисциплін. Сама концепція якості життя та спроби її кількісно розрізняти залежать від методів дослідження та інструментів вимірювання, придатних для даної дисципліни. Категорія якості життя має практичний характер, оскільки вона є цікавою в індивідуальному масштабі – кожній людині, а також у колективному – місцева, регіональна якість тощо. Теоретичний аналіз поняття “якість життя” дав можливість виокремити спільні та відмінні характеристики у різних галузях його вивчення. Окрім цього, на основі структурного аналізу, вдалося визначити конкретні детермінанти якості життя щодо педагогіки. Висновки. Якість життя у педагогіці сприймається в контексті розвитку особистості людини, тому її можна визначити як “почуття задоволення життям”, яке можливе за умови багатовимірного розвитку та самозростання людини і реалізації її прагнень та життєвих цілей. Вона прямо пропорційно залежить від рівня якості освіти і навчання.