bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cornstarch requirements of the adult glycogen storage disease Ia population: A retrospective review
Authors: Dahlberg Kathryn R. , Ferrecchia Iris A. , Dambska‐Williams Monika , Resler Traci E. , Ross Katalin M. , Butler Gail L. , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Ryan Patrick T. , Weinstein David A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCornstarch has been the primary treatment for glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) for over 35 years. When cornstarch was first described as a treatment, few people survived beyond early childhood. As the prognosis for this population has improved, the need to ensure appropriate cornstarch dosing for different age groups has become imperative. Records from 115 patients (10‐62 years of age) with GSD Ia evaluated at our center between 2015 and 2017 were reviewed. Data collected included weight, age, genetic mutation, amount and frequency of cornstarch doses, body mass index, gender, 24‐hour glucose and lactate concentrations, and biochemical markers of metabolic control. The data demonstrate that adult treatment needs vary greatly from younger age groups, and the required cornstarch support decreases with age (P < .001). The required number of doses, however, did not change with a mean of six doses (range 4‐8) daily in all age groups. General laboratory findings across time demonstrate that significantly reducing the amount of starch required to maintain euglycemia with aging can be done without sacrificing metabolic control. Carbohydrate requirements decrease with aging, and older patients were found to require less cornstarch. Failure to lower the cornstarch doses contributes to over‐treatment in adults with GSD Ia. Not only does this lead to worsening hepatomegaly and excessive weight gain, but over‐treatment contributes to relative hyperinsulinism and rebound hypoglycemia. This knowledge is essential in designing nutritional therapies for the aging GSD population.
Increasing ION/IOFF by embedding a low doped buried layer in the channel of a dual‐material double‐gate junctionless MOSFET
Authors: Beigi Kobra , Hashemi Seyed Amir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo suppress the short‐channel effects (SCEs) and the OFF‐state current (IOFF) and increasing the ON‐state current (ION)/IOFF ratio, the conventional dual‐material double‐gate (DG) junctionless (JL) metaloxide‐semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is improved by employing the laterally graded channel doping profile and embedding a low‐doped buried layer along the center of the channel. The channel is divided into two regions under the gates and the region near the drain has higher doping level, while the buried layer has lower doping concentration than the channel. The characteristics of the proposed device are modeled analytically, simulated and compared with those of the dual‐material DGJL MOSFETs with uniformly doped and laterally graded doped channels without the buried layer. The results show that because of using the dual‐material gate, the graded doped channel, and the buried layer, the proposed DGJL MOSFET exhibits more improved performance against the SCEs and lower IOFF. The higher electric field near the source and higher carrier velocity along the channel improve the ION and the ION/IOFF ratio of the proposed device, considerably. Also, because of lower subthreshold slope, drain‐induced barrier lowering, and gate capacitance, the proposed device exhibits better switching performance than the other considered structures.
Immuno‐analytical method development for detection of transgenic Cry1Ac protein and its validation
Authors: Rupula Karuna , Kosuri Tanuja , Gul Mir Zahoor , Sharma Bhuvana , Beedu Sashidhar Rao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) synthesizes Cry1Ac protein, which is toxic to many lepidopteran pests, and the cry1ac gene has been expressed in several transgenic crop plants. The Cry1Ac protein has been isolated from Bt kurstaki HD73 and purified to homogeneity. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against purified Cry1Ac in rabbits and goat. Sandwich ELISA was developed for Cry1Ac using goat IgG as a coating antibody, and affinity‐purified rabbit IgG as the primary antibody.RESULTSThe sensitivity of the assay was in the range of 0.47–1000 ng. It was subsequently employed in validating biological samples. Fifteen different cotton‐seed samples were screened: 12 were found to be Bt positive and 3 Bt negative. The CS7 seeds showed the highest Bt content of 8.51 ± 0.45 μg g−1, followed by CS8 (6.0 ± 0.02 μg g−1), CS15 (5.9 ± 0.03 μg g−1), CS9 (5.5 ± 0.05 μg g−1), and CS10 (4.83 ± 0.013 μg g−1). The CS5 seeds showed Bt content of 3.6 ± 0.21 μg g−1. The F2 generation, CS6 (Kaveri seeds) showed lower Bt content (2.9 ± 0.06 μg g−1). The CL5 samples showed Cry1Ac content of 0.99 ± 0.009 μg g−1. The amount of Cry1Ac protein in leaves, stem, and roots of germinated Bt cotton plants (CS10 and CS4) were 1.76 ± 0.15 μg g−1, 1.9 ± 0.01 μg g−1, 2.0 ± 0.1 μg g−1, and 1.6 ± 0.15 μg g−1, 1.9 ± 0.01 μg g−1, and 2.0 ± 0.01 μg g−1 dry tissue, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe method developed can be used for screening the expression levels of Cry1Ac in different transgenic Bt cultivars and also spurious Bt cotton seeds procured by farmers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Geographical origin traceability of Keemun black tea based on its non‐volatile composition combined with chemometrics
Authors: Fang Shimao , Huang Wen‐Jing , Wei Yuming , Tao Meng , Hu Xin , Li Tiehan , Kalkhajeh Yusef K , Deng Wei‐Wei , Ning Jingming 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNon‐volatile compounds play a key role in the quality and price of Keemun black tea (KBT). The non‐volatile compounds in KBT samples from different producing areas normally vary greatly. The development of rapid methods for tracing the geographical origin of KBT is useful. In this study, we develop models for the discrimination of KBT's geographical origin based on non‐volatile compounds.RESULTSSeventy‐two KBT samples were collected from five towns in Anhui province to determine 13 KBT compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of variance showed that the content of 13 compounds in KBT indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) among five towns. Three multivariate statistical models including principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were built to discriminate origin. Principal component analysis effectively extracted three principal components, namely theaflavins, galloylated catechins, and simple catechins. The high sensitivity (64.5%–99.2%) was achieved of SIMCA model. To establish the discriminant functions, six variables (gallic acid, (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavin‐3‐gallate, theaflavin‐3,3′‐di‐gallate, and total theaflavins) were chosen from 13 variables, and LDA was applied. This gave a satisfactory overall correct classification rate (94.4%) and cross‐validation rate (88.9%) for KBT samples.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that HPLC analysis together with chemometrics is a reliable approach for tracing KBT and guaranteeing its authenticity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Quercetin administration post‐weaning attenuates high‐fructose, high‐cholesterol diet‐induced hepatic steatosis in growing, female, Sprague Dawley rat pups
Authors: Donaldson Janine , Ngema Mandisa , Nkomozepi Pilani , Erlwanger Kennedy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFructose and cholesterol‐rich diets have been implicated in the upsurge of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Phytochemicals are being explored as alternatives for the prevention and management of MetS. Thirty‐six 21‐day‐old, female Sprague Dawley rats fed a high‐fructose, high‐cholesterol diet post‐weaning were used to investigate the prophylactic potential of quercetin. Group 1 was given standard rat chow (SRC); Group 2: SRC and quercetin (75 mg kg−1 daily); Group 3: SRC and fenofibrate (100 mg kg−1 daily); Group 4 was given a high cholesterol diet (HCD) (2% added dietary cholesterol in SRC), 20% fructose drinking solution (FS); Group 5 was given HCD, 20% FS and quercetin (75 mg kg−1 daily); Group 6: HCD, 20% FS and fenofibrate (100 mg kg−1 daily). Rats were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks, euthanized, and blood and liver samples were collected.RESULTSThe HCD and FS significantly increased (P < 0.05) absolute and relative liver masses and serum cholesterol. Fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, alanine transaminase, creatinine, and urea were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between groups. The HCD and FS significantly increased liver lipid yield compared to the SRC and rats receiving SRC with fenofibrate (P < 0.05). Quercetin or fenofibrate together with HCD and FS attenuated the diet‐induced increase in liver lipids by approximately 50%, although this was not statistically significant. Liver macro‐ and micro‐steatosis scores were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats receiving HCD and FS. Quercetin or fenofibrate administration together with HCD and FS significantly decreased (P < 0.05) liver macro‐steatosis scores.CONCLUSIONThe prophylactic effect of quercetin on fructose and cholesterol diet‐induced liver lipid accumulation may be exploited in the fight against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Macronutrient deprivation eustress elicits differential secondary metabolites in red and green‐pigmented butterhead lettuce grown in a closed soilless system
Authors: El‐Nakhel Christophe , Pannico Antonio , Kyriacou Marios C , Giordano Maria , De Pascale Stefania , Rouphael Youssef 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThrough precise control of the nutrient solution (NS), closed soilless systems enable targeted manipulation of plant secondary metabolites, which constitute health‐promoting components of the human daily diet. A nutrient film technique (NFT) system was employed to assess the effect of NS macronutrient‐based concentration (full, half‐, and quarter‐strength corresponding to electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.5, 0.75, and 0.5 dS m−1) on the bioactive profile of red and green‐pigmented Salanova® butterhead lettuce.RESULTSHalf‐strength NS reduced fresh biomass of both cultivars by 14%, whereas quarter‐strength NS reduced the fresh biomass of green and red Salanova by 24% and 38%, respectively. However, moderate nutrient stress (half‐strength NS) boosted red Salanova total ascorbic acid, chlorogenic, chicoric, caffeoyl‐meso‐tartaric, total phenolic acids, and anthocyanins concentrations by 266%, 199%, 124%, 251%, 162%, and 380%, respectively compared with the control, full‐strength NS.CONCLUSIONSNutritional eustress and appropriate cultivar selection are effective means to increase phytochemical content and optimize year‐round production of lettuce in closed soilless systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tourism attractiveness in Italy: Regional empirical evidence using a pairwise comparisons modelling approach
Authors: Giambona Francesca , Grassini Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper aims at deriving a ranking for the Italian regions by modelling domestic (interregional) tourist flows, in order to compare their tourism attractiveness. To this aim, a Bradley–Terry modelling approach was used to make pairwise comparisons of competing territories. This approach allows the inclusion of covariates that are, in this case, factors that likely affect domestic tourism flows across competing territories. Consequently, we consider a wide range of determinants within the theoretical framework of destination attractiveness. Furthermore, the empirical findings have been used to assign an attractiveness score to each region on the basis of which a ranking can be done, together with a measure of variability.
Threat or treat for tourism organizations? The Copenhagen Zoo social media storm
Authors: Rydén Pernille , Kottika Efthymia , Hossain Muhammad , Skare Vatroslav , Morrison Alastair M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial media have emerged as a game changer for tourism by empowering consumers to collectively approve or oppose organizational behaviors. When consumers rise against organizations, social media storms (SMSs) can be an outcome. This research proposes a conceptual framework to help tourism organizations understand SMSs and to guide more effective decision making. Contextualized by a case study of the Copenhagen Zoo, it is shown how and why SMSs are an expression of negative consumer empowerment that brings challenges as well as opportunities. As demonstrated, an SMS can lead to a helix for value creation for the organization, consumers, and society.
Recent changes in soil properties and carbon stocks in fen peatlands adjacent to open‐pit lignite mines
Authors: Glina Bartłomiej , Gajewski Piotr , Mendyk Łukasz , Zawieja Bogna , Kaczmarek Zbigniew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous impact of climate change and human activities on soil organic carbon content (SOC) in peatlands is insufficiently recognized, especially in relation to peatlands affected by open‐pit lignite mining. Given their importance in climate change feedback loops, long‐term observations of SOC changes in peatlands are essential. The aim of the study was to determine recent changes in the properties and SOC content/stock of agro‐managed fen peatlands located adjacent to open‐pit lignite mines. We studied two soil layers (0–20 and 20–40 cm) within 12 sampling plots in the Grójec Valley (Central Poland). Soil sample collection and field measurements took place in 2005 and again in 2015. The largest negative changes in soil properties (e.g. SOC content drop from 208 to 318 g kg−1 in 2005 to 125–263 g kg−1 in 2015 and SOC stock decrease from 12.1–16.2 kg m−2 in 2005 to 9.22–14.5 kg m−2 in 2015), as well as the largest variability of watertable level were recorded in the northern part of the study area, affected by long‐term lignite mining (1982–2009). While such a strong changes were not observed in the plots from central and southern part of the valley (230–439 g kg−1 in 2005 and 228–396 g kg−1 in 2015; 11.5–29,2 kg m−2 in 2005 and 13.4–36.1 kg m−2, respectively). Our results showed that depletion of SOC content in lowland peatlands in the temperate climate zone (due to human activity and changeable weather conditions) will proceed unless we implement sustainable management practices or apply restoration plans at these sites.
Association between an indel polymorphism within the distal promoter of EGLN2 and cancer risk: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Shulong , Zhu Kaihua , Zhang Zuoliang , Wang Hui , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between a 4‐bp indel polymorphism (rs10680577) within the distal promoter of EGLN2 and cancer risk has been investigated by several case–control studies in recent years, but investigation results were inconsistent. Thus, a systematic assessment of the association was performed based on a literature review and pooled analysis.MethodsTwo investigators independently retrieved relevant studies from PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, and Google Scholar. The fixed or random effects model was selected to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on heterogeneity level. All analyses including heterogeneity assessment, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of six relevant studies with 3,406 cases and 5,147 controls were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled analysis showed that EGLN2 rs10680577 polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk under all genetic models. However, subgroup analysis based on cancer type showed that the polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of digestive system cancer under all genetic models, and with the risk of lung cancer under dominant model, heterozygote comparison model, and allele comparison model. Subgroup analysis based on population sources showed a significant association in Chinese population under all genetic models.ConclusionThe present result suggests that EGLN2 rs10680577 polymorphism is associated with cancer risk, and may act as a promising predictive biomarker for cancer risk, especially in Chinese population. However, further well‐designed studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Digital measurement of 2D and 3D cracks in sandstones through improved pseudo color image enhancement and 3D reconstruction method
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zhou Xiao‐Ping 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAn integrated approach of improved pseudo color image enhancement (IPCE) method and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology is proposed. The evolution characteristics of two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D spatial cracks in X‐ray computed tomography (CT) images of sandstones subjected to triaxial compression with confining pressure of 10, 20, and 30 MPa are investigated. The equations of crack width, length, and dip angle are established based on the proposed digital damage ratio. Based on the pseudo color images, point cloud maps with roughness and spatial images of cracks are investigated. The numerical results show that this proposed method is effective to study and understand the fracturing properties of rocks.
Analytical methods to derive the elastic modulus of soft and adhesive materials from atomic force microcopy force measurements
Authors: Fujinami So , Ueda Eijun , Nakajima Ken , Nishi Toshio 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe present new DMT‐based and JKR‐based methods to derive the elastic modulus of sample surfaces from an atomic force microscope force‐distance curve (DMT: Derjaguin‐Muller‐Toporov, JKR: Johnson–Kendall–Roberts). Application of the methods to the Maugis–Dugdale curves revealed that the JKR‐based method determines very accurate moduli for Maugis' transitional parameter λ > 0.3; however, the DMT‐based method generally estimates much less accurate moduli. The new JKR‐based method has advantages over the two‐point method, which has been often used for the JKR analysis, in capabilities to select the fitting range and to involve more than two points in curve fitting. Utilizing the advantages, for example, one can limit the fitting range to the attractive force zone to reduce the contact area of soft and adhesive materials. The method consists of algebraical calculation and optionally linear fitting; hence, the computational cost is low enough to be applicable to a real‐time JKR analysis method of fast force mapping. The detailed procedure of the method is explained using a force‐distance curve on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface. The advantages of the method are demonstrated using a force mapping data on a vulcanized rubber blend. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1279–1286
Field efficacy of soil insecticides on pyrethroid‐resistant western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)
Authors: Souza Dariane , Peterson Julie A , Wright Robert J , Meinke Lance J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDField‐evolved pyrethroid resistance has been confirmed in western corn rootworm (WCR) populations collected from the United States (US) western Corn Belt. Resistance levels of WCR adults estimated in lab bioassays were confirmed to significantly reduce the efficacy of foliar‐applied bifenthrin. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of WCR pyrethroid resistance levels on the performance of common soil‐applied insecticide formulations (23.4% tefluthrin, 17.15% bifenthrin, and 0.1% cyfluthrin + 2.0% tebupirimphos). Field trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in three Nebraska, US, counties (Saunders, Clay, and Keith) where distinct levels of WCR susceptibility to pyrethroids (susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant) had been previously reported in adult and larval bioassays.RESULTSAll soil insecticide treatments effectively protected maize roots from a pyrethroid‐susceptible WCR population at Saunders. In contrast, the efficacy of bifenthrin and tefluthrin soil insecticides was significantly reduced at Clay and Keith, where pyrethroid‐resistant WCR populations were reported. At Keith, where an additional failure of the cyfluthrin + tebupirimphos soil insecticide was observed, WCR laboratory dose–response bioassays showed a consistent ∼5‐fold resistance level to the active ingredients bifenthrin, tefluthrin, and cyfluthrin.CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of common soil insecticides used in the US for WCR management was significantly reduced in populations exhibiting relatively low levels of WCR pyrethroid resistance. Using a multitactical approach to manage WCR within an integrated pest management framework may mitigate resistance evolution and prolong the usefulness of WCR insecticides within the system. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
First‐principles calculation of temperature‐dependent electronic transitions mechanism in V or Nb substituted BiFeO3
Authors: Li Hai‐long , Bian Liang , Dong Fa‐qin , Song Mian‐xin , Li Wei‐min , Riehle Frank S. , Jiang Xiao‐qiang , Lin Yan‐hui , Wang Cheng‐xia , Li Yu , Luo Wei‐hui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere, we present a simulation study of temperature‐dependent electronic transitions in BiVO3 (BVO) and BiNbO3 (BNO) using density functional theory (DFT) together with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and two‐dimensional correlation analysis (2D‐CA). The results indicate that heat accumulation can accelerate the degeneracy of V‐3d orbital in BVO and the splitting of Nb‐4d orbital in BNO at 750 K. We found changes in the type of d–p hybrid orbital as follows, for BVO: V‐dx2+y2 + dZ2‐O‐2pz → V‐dx2+y2‐O‐2pz; and for BNO: Nb‐dx2+y2‐O‐2pz → Nb‐dx2+y2 + dZ2‐O‐2pz. Furthermore, we found changes in the type of hybrid orbital leading to the following electron–electron interactions, for BVO: t2g (V‐dZ2‐O‐2pz) + eg (V‐dx2+y2‐O‐2pz) → t2g (V‐dx2+y2‐O‐2pz); and for BNO: t2g + eg (Nb‐dx2+y2 + dZ2‐O‐2pz) → t2g (Nb‐dx2+y2‐O‐2pz) + eg (Nb‐dz2‐O‐2pz). The electronic transitions are determined by a charge‐transfer from the occupied O‐2p4 orbitals to the unoccupied V‐3d3 (or Nb‐4d3) and Bi‐6p3 orbitals. Due to the temperature‐dependent electronic structure closely related to these electronic transitions, this study provides a new perspective for the design and improvement of BFO‐based temperature‐sensitive devices.