bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of diffusion coefficient of 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on structure and properties of regenerated cellulose fiber obtained via dry‐jet‐wet spinning
Authors: Zhang Desheng , Wang Yixin , Shi Zhenghui 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe diffusion dynamics of the cellulose/1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) solution during coagulation of regenerated cellulose fiber in a nonsolvent bath was investigated in detail. According to Fick's second law of diffusion, the experimental data were fitted to obtain the diffusion coefficients of [Amim]Cl (D). The cellulose concentration, bath type, and temperature were varied to analyze their influence on the diffusion coefficient of [Amim]Cl. Furthermore, the dependence of the structure and properties of the regenerated fiber obtained via dry‐jet‐wet spinning on the diffusion coefficients were analyzed. Many defects were formed in the surface and cross sections of the regenerated fibers prepared with high diffusion coefficients. The crystallization and mechanical properties deteriorated with the increase in the diffusion rate of [Amim]Cl. Therefore, the diffusion coefficients of [Amim]Cl should be kept relatively low to enable the preparation of uniform‐structured regenerated cellulose fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47609.
Cu2+‐Induced Structural Isomers: Effect of Foreign Metal Ions on the Structure and Properties of Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Lin Xinzhang , Liu Chao , Fu Xuemei , Huang Jiahui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal ions have an important impact on the precise control of the synthesis and atomic structural arrangement of noble metal nanoclusters. In this work, the effect of metal ions on the isomer generation of metal nanoclusters is revealed for the first time. Compared with the previous Ag23 nanoclusters with two face‐centered cubic (fcc) unit cells twisting 27°, the Ag23 isomer had a higher symmetry structure with two fcc unit cells almost overlapping. In addition, the UV/Vis absorption spectrum of the isomer showed a slight redshift of approximately 14 nm. The redshift might be because of the modulation of electronic structure, which is derived from fine‐tuned crystal structure. Based on the experimental results, we provide mechanisms to explain the Cu2+ effect on the structural isomer. This work reports a significant finding to tune precisely the crystal structure and understand the mechanism of shape‐controlled synthesis of metal nanoclusters.
Sliding mode control as binary‐based quantizers
Authors: Almakhles Dhafer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, sliding mode quantizers (SMQs), where signals are converted to switching signals represented by sequence of binary values −1's and +1's, are increasingly being used in various applications including control of power converters, networked control systems (NCSs), one‐bit control processing, etc. This paper derives the stability conditions of both continuous and discrete‐time switched control systems which are embedded with SMQs and quasi‐sliding mode quantizers (QSMQs), respectively. The optimal conditions of both SMQ and QSMQ, which assure that their outputs (binary values) optimally approximate their inputs, are established. The results of theoretical analysis are validated through numerical simulation.
The effects of perinatal bisphenol A exposure on thyroid hormone homeostasis and glucose metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Fan Shijun , Guo Yuanqiao , Tan Ruei , Zhang Junyu , Zhang Wenhua , Pan Bing‐Xing , Kato Nobumasa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used to manufacture consumer goods. Although the thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting potential of BPA has been thought to be responsible for the neuropsychiatric deficits in the animals that experienced perinatal BPA exposure, the TH availability change at the level of specific brain structures has not been subject to systematic investigation.MethodsIn the present study the impacts of perinatal BPA exposure (0.1 mg/L in drinking water) spanning gestation and lactation on TH homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus were assessed in male Sprague–Dawley rats at postnatal day 21 (PND21) and PND90. As TH regulates brain glucose metabolism at multiple levels，the effects of BPA treatment on glucose metabolism in the brain tissues were also assessed in adult rats.ResultsThe results showed heterogeneous changes in TH concentration induced by BPA between serum and brain tissues, additionally, in the BPA–treated pups, up–regulated expression of the TH transporter monocarboxylate 8 mRNA at PND21 and increased type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA expressions at PND21 and PND90 were observed. Meanwhile, decreased glucose metabolism was seen in the PFC and hippocampus, while deficits in locomotor activity, spatial memory and social behaviors occurred in BPA‐treated groups.ConclusionThese data support the concept that the developing brain possesses potent mechanisms to compensate for a small reduction in serum TH, such as serum hypothyrodism induced by BPA exposure, however, the long‐term negative effect of BPA treatment on TH homeostasis and glucose metabolism may be attributable to neuropsychiatric deficits after mature.
Comparison of breast cancer risk factors among molecular subtypes: A case‐only study
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Huang Yubei , Feng Ziwei , Wang Xin , Li Haixin , Song Fangfang , Liu Luyang , Li Junxian , Zheng Hong , Wang Peishan , Song Fengju , Chen Kexin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies have a clear definition of the risk factors for breast cancer. However, it is unknown whether the distribution of these factors differs among breast cancer subtypes. We conducted a hospital‐based case‐only study consisting of 8067 breast cancer patients basing on the Tianjin Cohort of Breast Cancer Cases. Major breast cancer subtypes including luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐enriched and basal‐like were defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki‐67 status. Variables including demographic characteristics, reproductive factors, lifestyle habits, imaging examination, and clinicopathologic data were collected for patients. Chi‐square test and one‐way analysis of variance were used to compare the distributions of variables among the four breast cancer subtypes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals where luminal A patients served as the reference group. Overall, more commonality rather than heterogeneity on the distributions of factors was found between the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The proportion of overweight and obesity were lower in HER2‐enriched subtype. Women with age at menarche ≤13 years were more likely to be found in basal‐like subtype. Postmenopausal women were more frequent in HER2‐enriched and basal‐like subtypes. Women with benign breast disease and higher breast density were more common in HER2‐enriched subtype. Risk factor scoring showed that total risk scores were similar among the four subtypes. HER2‐enriched and basal‐like subtypes were more frequently diagnosed with large tumors. Calcification was more likely to be found in luminal B and HER2‐enriched subtypes, whereas less distributed in basal‐like subtype. Most of the breast cancer risk factors were similarly distributed among the four major breast cancer subtypes; commonality is predominant.
Real‐world outcomes of various regimens of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy in non‐driver gene mutation advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Zhongtai , Zhang Hui , Zhou Chunhua , Long Xiaoyan , Guan Rui , Yang Nong , Zhang Yongchang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThis real‐world study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin (rh‐endostatin) combined with chemotherapy as first‐line treatment for non‐driver genes mutation non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and establish evidence‐based optimal regimen for rh‐endostatin.Patients and MethodsUsing propensity score matching (cut‐off: 0.01), 88 patients were eligible for our study, 34 of which received platinum‐based chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy group), 54 patients received platinum‐based chemotherapy plus rh‐endostatin (rh‐endostatin group). Among those 54 patients in the rh‐endostatin group, 27 patients received rh‐endostatin administered at 7.5 mg/m2 from day 1 to day 14 (rh‐endostatin 14d group), and the other 27 patients were administered at 15 mg/m2 from day 1 to day 7 (rh‐endostatin 7d group). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.ResultsThere were no differences in clinic characteristics among 3 groups. Compared with chemotherapy group, rh‐endostatin group improved PFS and OS significantly. The median PFS was 6 months vs 4.5 months (P = 0.047), and median OS was 20 months vs 10 months (P < 0.001). The ORR was 33.3% vs 20.6% (P = 0.197) and DCR was 83.3% vs 64.7% (P = 0.046) in the rh‐endostatin group and chemotherapy group, respectively. The comparisons between the rh‐endostatin 7d and 14d groups revealed a significant improvement in PFS for the rh‐endostatin 7d group (P = 0.044), but no significant differences in OS (P = 0.111), ORR (P = 0.074), or DCR (P = 0.234). The incidences of grade 3 and 4 adverse events were similar among 3 groups.ConclusionChemotherapy combined with rh‐endostatin was more effective than chemotherapy alone for non‐driver gene mutation NSCLC patients. The administration of rh‐endostatin for 7 days at 15 mg/m2 was non‐inferior to 14 days at 7.5 mg/m2 in prolonging patients’ PFS. Further evaluation should be conducted before its application in clinical work.
NOx Removal Performance Optimization of NiMnTi Mixed Oxide Catalysts by Tuning the Redox Capability
Authors: Wu Xu , Li XiaoJian , Du Yali , Wang RuoNan , Guo XingMei , Hou BenHui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of Ni4‐xMnxTi1Oy mixed metal oxides (Ni4‐xMnxTi1‐LDO) catalysts originated from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were fabricated and evaluated in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR). To optimize the denitrification performance, the redox capability of catalysts was adjusted by calcining the Ni4‐xMnxTi1‐LDHs precursors with different Mn loading at different temperatures. The results revealed that calcination temperature was the secondary factor while the molar ratio of Mn to Ni was the main factor for influencing the redox properties. Among Ni4‐xMnxTi1‐LDO catalysts, the Ni2Mn2Ti1‐LDO catalyst afforded the optimal DeNOx behavior with above 90 % NOx conversion and 95 % selectivity of N2 as well as superior SO2 resistance in the wide temperature region of 150–360 °C. Multiple characterizations indicated that exceptional catalytic performance of Ni2Mn2Ti1‐LDO catalyst was highly dependent on the suitable redox capability resulted from moderate concentration of Ni3+, Mn4+ and chemisorbed oxygen Oβ in catalysts surface.
Sub‐Nanometer‐Sized Iridium Species Decorated on Mesoporous Co3O4 for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Wenquan , Xi Shunming , Shao Yalong , Gao Xi , Lin Jing , Meng Chao , Wang Wenjing , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOptimizing the surface structure at the atomic scale is crucial for developing effective catalysts. In this work, a hybrid material consisting of well‐dispersed sub‐nanometer‐sized (SNS) iridium (Ir) species decorated on mesoporous Co3O4 was fabricated as electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through pyrolysis of IrCl3/Co(NO3)2 complexes confined within the mesoporous KIT‐6 template. It was found that the KIT‐6 template played a critical role in the formation of SNS Ir species. The optimized Ir−Co3O4‐1 showed highly efficient OER catalytic performance with an overpotential of 1.527 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and superior stability in alkaline condition. The electrochemical results demonstrated that moderate Ir incorporation was conductive to form the high valence Co ions in form of Co oxyhydroxide during the OER process. The present work would open a new route for material design of SNS Ir species decorated mesoporous metal oxides for the application in catalysis.
Cationic IrIII Emitters with Near‐Infrared Emission Beyond 800 nm and Their Use in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Chang Bo‐Ren , Shih Ting‐An , Lin Chien‐Hsiang , Lo Chieh‐Liang , Chen Yan‐Zhi , Liu You‐Xuan , Li Yu‐Ru , Guo Jin‐Ting , Lu Chin‐Wei , Yang Zu‐Po , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolid‐state near‐infrared (NIR) light‐emitting devices have recently received considerable attention as NIR light sources that can penetrate deep into human tissue and are suitable for bioimaging and labeling. In addition, solid‐state NIR light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have shown several promising advantages over NIR organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). However, among the reported NIR LECs based on ionic transition‐metal complexes (iTMCs), there is currently no iridium‐based LEC that displays NIR electroluminescence (EL) peaks near to or above 800 nm. In this report we demonstrate a simple method for adjusting the energy gap between the highest‐occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of iridium‐based iTMCs to generate NIR emission. We describe a series of novel ionic iridium complexes with very small energy gaps, namely NIR1–NIR6, in which 2,3‐diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline moieties mainly take charge of the HOMO energy levels and 2,2′‐biquinoline, 2‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)quinazoline, and 2,2′‐bibenzo[d]thiazole moieties mainly control the LUMO energy levels. All the complexes exhibited NIR phosphorescence, with emission maxima up to 850 nm, and have been applied as components in LECs, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.05 % in the EL devices. By using a host–guest emissive system, with the iridium complex RED as the host and the complex NIR3 or NIR6 as guest, the highest EQE of the LECs can be further enhanced to above 0.1 %.
[2]Rotaxane End‐Capping Synthesis by Click Michael‐Type Addition to the Vinyl Sulfonyl Group
Authors: David Arthur H. G. , García‐Cerezo Pablo , Campaña Araceli G. , Santoyo‐González Francisco , Blanco Victor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report the application of the click Michael‐type addition reaction to vinyl sulfone or vinyl sulfonate groups in the synthesis of rotaxanes through the threading‐and‐capping method. This methodology has proven to be efficient and versatile as it allowed the preparation of rotaxanes using template approaches based on different noncovalent interactions (i.e., donor‐acceptor π–π interactions or hydrogen bonding) in yields of generally 60–80 % and up to 91 % aided by the mild conditions required (room temperature or 0 °C and a mild base such as Et3N or 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP)). Furthermore, the use of vinyl sulfonate moieties, which are suitable motifs for coupling‐and‐decoupling (CAD) chemistry, implies another advantage because it allows the controlled chemical disassembly of the rotaxanes into their components through nucleophilic substitution of the sulfonates resulting from the capping step with a thiol under mild conditions (Cs2CO3 and room temperature).
Personal identification study for touchable devices with ECG
Authors: Ko Hoon , Pan Sung Bum , Měsíček Libor 
Published: February 2019

SummaryEach person has unique bio‐information, and this information rarely would be overlapped to other people. Because of this feature, many researchers have been working on a user's identification. However, the problem is that it is not certain if the feature is exactly matched at any time and in any place for the dynamic signal. It is very hard to match bio‐information whenever it is measured; however, all natural signals have an individual pattern. In this paper, it uses an ECG (electrocardiogram) as bio‐information, and it tries to find each pattern, which will be located within the threshold. With the pattern in the threshold, it detects the user's identification. To analyze the patterns, it analyzes them as measured for 120 seconds. Next, it divides them every 1‐2 seconds to 5 seconds. Then, it could recognize the users' identification with this study, and then, finally, the accuracy is 83.3618%.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Extended Conjugate Effects in Donor–π–Acceptor‐Type Mesoporous Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sun Zongzhao , Jiang Yabin , Zeng Lei , Huang Limin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInspired by donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers in organic solar cell and the extended conjugation effect, a conceptual design of D–π–A‐type mesoporous carbon nitride with benzene or thiophene as a π‐spacer is proposed as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. The photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a one‐pot thermopolymerization based on nucleophilic substitution and a Schiff‐base chemical reaction. On the molecular level, the insertion of an in‐plane benzene as a π‐spacer by forming covalent bonds C=N (acceptor) and C−N (donor) interrupts the continuity of tri‐s‐triazine units and maintains the intrinsic π–π conjugated electronic system. Synchronously, the enlarged electron delocalization and the intramolecular charge transfer induced by polarization provide force‐directed migration of electrons, leading to boosted optical absorption capability and enhanced photogenerated carrier separation. With the synergistic effects of the mesoporous structure and excellent optical and electronic properties, a fivefold increase in the H2evolution rate compared with that of pristine g‐C3N4was achieved with robust performance. In addition, other simple aromatic heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyridine, thiophene and furan)‐based D–π–A structures with a higher hydrogen evolution rate (up to sevenfold increase) were also explored to broaden the application for the design of novel photocatalysts.
Resting Escherichia coli as Chassis for Microbial Electrosynthesis: Production of Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Mayr Jeannine C. , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Hartmann Lena , Rosa Luis F. M. , Spiess Antje C. , Harnisch Falk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChiral alcohols constitute important building blocks that can be produced enantioselectively by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H]‐dependent oxidoreductases. For NAD(P)H regeneration, electricity delivers the cheapest reduction equivalents. Enzymatic electrosynthesis suffers from cofactor and enzyme instability, whereas microbial electrosynthesis (MES) exploits whole cells. Here, we demonstrate MES by using resting Escherichia coli as biocatalytic chassis for a production platform towards fine chemicals through electric power. This chassis was exemplified for the synthesis of chiral alcohols by using a NADPH‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis for synthesis of (R)‐1‐phenylethanol from acetophenone. The E. coli strain and growth conditions affected the performance. Maximum yields of (39.4±5.7) % at a coulombic efficiency of (50.5±6.0) % with enantiomeric excess >99 % was demonstrated at a rate of (83.5±13.9) μm h−1, confirming the potential of MES for synthesis of high‐value compounds.
Mitochondrial DNA genomes of five majorHelicoverpapest species from the Old and New Worlds (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Walsh Tom K. , Perera Omaththage , Anderson Craig , Gordon Karl , Czepak Cecilia , McGaughran Angela , Zwick Andreas , Hackett Daniel , Tay Wee Tek 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFive species of noctuid moths,Helicoverpa armigera,H. punctigera,H. assulta,H. zea,andH. gelotopoeon,are major agricultural pests inhabiting various and often overlapping global distributions. Visual identification of these species requires a great deal of expertise and misidentification can have repercussions for pest management and agricultural biosecurity. Here, we report on the complete mitochondrial genomes ofH. assulta assultaandH. assulta afra,H. gelotopoeon, H. punctigera, H. zea, andH. armigera armigeraandH. armigera conferta’assembled from high‐throughput sequencing data. This study significantly increases the mitogenome resources for these five agricultural pests with sequences assembled from across different continents, including anH. armigeraindividual collected from an invasive population in Brazil. We infer the phylogenetic relationships of these fiveHelicoverpaspecies based on the 13 mitochondrial DNA protein‐coding genes (PCG's) and show that two publicly available mitogenomes ofH. assulta(KP015198andKR149448) have been misidentified or incorrectly assembled. We further consolidate existing PCR‐RFLP methods to cover all fiveHelicoverpapest species, providing an updated method that will contribute to species differentiation and to future monitoring efforts ofHelicoverpapest species across different continents. We discuss the value ofHelicoverpamitogenomes to assist with species identification in view of the context of the rapid spread ofH. armigerain the New World. With this work, we provide the molecular resources necessary for future studies of the evolutionary history and ecology of these species.
Wolverines in winter: indirect habitat loss and functional responses to backcountry recreation
Authors: Heinemeyer Kimberly , Squires John , Hebblewhite Mark , O'Keefe Julia J. , Holbrook Joseph D. , Copeland Jeffrey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOutdoor recreation is increasingly recognized to impact nature and wildlife, yet few studies have examined recreation within large natural landscapes that are critical habitat to some of our most rare and potentially disturbance‐sensitive species. Over six winters (2010–2015) and four study areas (>1.1 million ha) in Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana, we studied the responses of wolverines (Gulo gulo) to backcountry winter recreation. We fit Global Positioning System (GPS) collars to 24 individual wolverines and acquired >54,000 GPS locations over 39 animal‐years during winter (January–April). Simultaneously, we monitored winter recreation, collecting ~6000 GPS tracks (~200,000 km) from backcountry recreationists. We combined the GPS tracks with trail use counts and aerial recreation surveys to map the extent and relative intensity of motorized and non‐motorized recreation. We integrated our wolverine and backcountry recreation data to (1) assess patterns of wolverine habitat selection and (2) evaluate the effect of backcountry recreation on wolverine habitat relationships. We used resource selection functions to model habitat selection of male and female wolverines within their home ranges. We first modeled habitat selection for environmental covariates to understand male and female habitat use then incorporated winter recreation covariates. We assessed the potential for indirect habitat loss from winter recreation and tested for functional responses of wolverines to differing levels and types of recreation. Motorized recreation occurred at higher intensity across a larger footprint than non‐motorized recreation in most wolverine home ranges. Wolverines avoided areas of both motorized and non‐motorized winter recreation with off‐road recreation eliciting a stronger response than road‐based recreation. Female wolverines exhibited stronger avoidance of off‐road motorized recreation and experienced higher indirect habitat loss than male wolverines. Wolverines showed negative functional responses to the level of recreation exposure within the home range, with female wolverines showing the strongest functional response to motorized winter recreation. We suggest indirect habitat loss, particularly to females, could be of concern in areas with higher recreation levels. We speculate that the potential for backcountry winter recreation to affect wolverines may increase under climate change if reduced snow pack concentrates winter recreationists and wolverines in the remaining areas of persistent snow cover.