bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRAÇO FORTE NA OCUPAÇÃO DA MARÉ E A “MÃO AMIGA” A SERVIÇO DO CAPITAL: O PARADIGMA DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Silva dos Santos Rafael 
Published: March 2019

Construção do espaço criminalizado, militarização da segurança pública, eleição de inimigos, são formas que o capital encontra para legitimar e instrumentalizar a violência contra os ameaçadores da ordem político-econômica, controlada pelos detentores dos meios de produção. O Estado, associado aos interesses das classes dominantes, acionando seu aparelho de repressão, define os diversos usos do solo urbano. O quilombo é o primeiro espaço criminalizado no Rio de Janeiro, onde escravos negros resistiam à ordem vigente no Brasil Império. Após a abolição da escravatura, esse espaço é transmutado em favela que, assim como os cortiços, surge no cenário urbano carioca para suprir o déficit habitacional, abrigando uma massa de pobres que procuravam habitar próximo aos locais de trabalho. O Complexo da Maré enquadra-se nesse contexto de transmutação do espaço criminalizado, passando a ser densamente povoada após a construção do complexo industrial de Inhaúma. Esse território criminalizado e constantemente vigiado pelo braço forte do Estado atingiu o ápice da militarização do cotidiano de seus moradores com a ocupação das Forças Armadas, sob um discurso de Lei e Ordem, que oculta interesses imperialistas norte-americanos. UPP representa um modelo repressivo de controle adotado pela segurança pública anti-democrática e militarizada. A guerra às drogas promove genocídio, o traficante assume o papel outrora do comunista, e a teoria da diferenciação, sob um discurso médico-jurídico, acabam delimitando o novo inimigo atingido pela seletividade penal. Todo crime é político, e a Criminologia deve analisar a demanda por ordem numa perspectiva de luta de classes.
ARQUITETURA DA SANTA CASA DE CARAGUATATUBA/SP
Authors: GUILHEM DE CAMARGO MARIA 
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa apresenta o edifício do Hospital Stella Maris de Caraguatatuba, inaugurado no dia 25 de Março de 1965 e sua arquitetura clássica da década de sua fundação. As relações existentes entre a arquitetura do hospital e a semiótica de Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), mais particularmente, a sua classificação dos modos de raciocínio e as ideias de “ícone” e de “diagrama”. A arquitetura, tem uma manifestação de linguagem não-verbal deve ser entendida não apenas como abrigo, tratando-se de um signo que provoca e desperta uma reação crítica no intérprete, seja ela negativa ou seja positiva.
Investigación científica forense mediante técnicas de coloración en casos de delito sexual
Authors: Frías García Joseline Lizbeth , Cáceres Manzano Verónica Paulina , Monge Moreno Adriana Monserrath , Lescano Fonseca Patricia Jenny 
Published: March 2019

Dentro del Área Forense el rastreo de espermatozoides contribuye a la investigación de un Delito Sexual constituyéndose como una prueba complementaria / confirmatoria en caso de hallazgos positivos, que posterior se presentan como evidencia ante un juicio, mediante informes periciales. En nuestra investigación quisimos probar una técnica de tinción alternativa, que contribuya a las tinciones Forenses aportando de esta manera a las Ciencias Investigativas en casos de Delito o una agresión sexual permitiendo la investigación adecuada del acto en busca de sus autores. Es por ello que al comparar la técnica de Eosina y Christmas Tree en el rastreo de espermatozoides, y aplicando los protocolos conocidos para las mismas, hallamos ventajas y desventajas en la observación microscópica que afectan de forma directa a la calidad de visualización y diferenciación de las partes de las células espermáticas, pero con gran éxito para el hallazgo positivo en la determinación de presencia o ausencia de espermatozoides en las muestras analizadas.
Caso de estudio: el default del Ecuador 2008-2009.
Authors: Rodríguez Arrieta Gonzalo Andrés , Loor Zambrano Halder Yandry , Navas Bayona. Walter Ivan 
Published: March 2019

La dificultad en el pago de la deuda adquirida por un determinado país con inversores y demás organismos multilaterales de crédito a nivel externo es un fenómeno habitual en Latinoamérica, sin embargo, hay que enfatizar que de ésta situación tampoco han escapado algunos países de Europa, sobre todo durante la última década, razón por la que el presente caso de estudio pretende proporcionar un análisis económico que establezca la forma como las autoridades económicas del Ecuador, durante el primer período presidencial de Rafael Correa (2007-2009), determinaron que la restructuración de la deuda ecuatoriana había sido mal negociada por gobiernos anteriores, considerando como “ilegítimos” ciertos segmentos de la deuda externa nacional, de manera unilateral, luego de una auditoría efectuada por la Comisión de Auditoría Integral del Crédito Público (comisión creada en junio de 2007 por el ex presidente Rafael Correa para analizar los montos contraídos por el Estado ecuatoriano entre 1976 y 2006), cuyos resultados fueron presentados en noviembre de 2008, declarando por consiguiente la moratoria al pago (cesación de pagos) de los intereses de los Bonos Global 2012 y Global 2030 en diciembre de 2008, por considerar que fueron contratados o renegociados de forma irregular y con un fuerte perjuicio para el país. Será materia de estudio, brindar respuestas a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿cómo se llegó a tan elevado nivel de endeudamiento externo?, ¿cuál fue la forma de rescate de la deuda catalogada como ilegítima?, y ¿qué sucedió luego de este proceso?
The Appearance of False Sign in Ads at Social Media
Authors: Ilhamsyah Ilhamsyah , Herlina Herlina 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the presence of signs and combinations ofsigns (codes) that are present on the fictitious figure of Sarah Aprilia in Cologne Baskadvertising on the internet. The sign and the code in general should have a commonunderstanding by prospective readers (target audience). This research used qualitativeapproach with interpretative descriptive method because semiotic science is diggingand discovery the meaning. In analyzing the fictitious figure of Sarah Aprilia, the signthat appearance is false sign. Deceptive mark is a sign that unknown origin , but theengineering rests on a natural object (hybrid), but viewers assume it was real presence.This is due to the many cross signs presented visual codes that make the figure of SarahAprilia as a real figure.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA UNTUK ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PERSPEKTIF TEORI BARAT DAN ISLAM
Authors: Setiawan Wari 
Published: March 2019

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) sebagai makhluk sosial sepatutnya mendapatkan layanan pendidikan yang sebaik-baiknya, termasuk pendidikan agama. Perlakuan terhadap mereka dapat dipahami melalui model medis dan model sosial. Model medis memandang ABK sebagai masalah sosial yang menghambat perkembangan masyarakat sehingga harus dipisahkan dari masyarakat. Model sosial menghendaki perlakuan ABK sebagai makhluk sosial yang harus diperlakukan sama karena punya hak yang sama dalam mendapatkan pendidikan. Begitu pula dengan teori Barat dan fithrah. Teori barat umumnya memandang pendidikan agama bgai mereka tidak perlu, karena agama adalah wilayah privasi. Berbeda dengan teori fithrah, ABK memiliki potensi keagamaan yang harus dikembangkan melalui pendidikan.
INTERNALISASI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS PERSPEKTIF TEORI BARAT DAN ISLAM
Authors: Setiawan Wari 
Published: March 2019

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) sebagai makhluk sosial sepatutnya mendapatkan layanan pendidikan yang sebaik-baiknya, termasuk pendidikan agama. Perlakuan terhadap mereka dapat dipahami melalui model medis dan model sosial. Model medis memandang ABK sebagai masalah sosial yang menghambat perkembangan masyarakat sehingga harus dipisahkan dari masyarakat. Model sosial menghendaki perlakuan ABK sebagai makhluk sosial yang harus diperlakukan sama karena punya hak yang sama dalam mendapatkan pendidikan. Begitu pula dengan teori Barat dan fithrah. Teori barat umumnya memandang pendidikan agama bgai mereka tidak perlu, karena agama adalah wilayah privasi. Berbeda dengan teori fithrah, ABK memiliki potensi keagamaan yang harus dikembangkan melalui pendidikan.
Hemodialysis Adequacy: Practical Understanding
Authors: Banday Khurshid , Wani Muzafar M , Wani Imtiaz , Ahmad Riaz , Bhat Arif , Haq Fayaz Ul , Akhtar Farhana 
Published: March 2019

When kidneys fail, dialysis is necessary to remove waste products such as urea from the blood. By itself urea is only mildly toxic but a high urea level means that level of many other waste products that are harmful and not easily 1,2 measured are also building up. To see whether dialysis is removing enough urea the dialysis clinic should periodically, normally once in a month, test the patient's blood to measure dialysis adequacy. JMS 2013;16(2):101-103
Authors: Indrawan Mohamad Gita , Raymond Raymond 
Published: March 2019

Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko sistematik seperti Inflasi, Nilai Tukar, Suku Bunga hal ini dikarenakan Perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada faktor ini dapat mengakibatkan perubahan-perubahan di pasar modal, yaitu meningkat atau menurunnya harga saham. Volatilitas dari harga-harga saham di pasar modal dapat berpotensi untuk meningkatkan atau menurunkan risiko sistematis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji mengenai pengaruh suku bunga, dan nilai kurs, terhadap indeks harga saham sektor keuangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan latar belakang, landasan teori, analisa data dan hasil pengujian hipotesis, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan Suku bunga SBI berpengaruh positif tetapi dan tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham dan Nilai kurs berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas
Market Basket Analysis in a Financial Institution
Authors: Rezende Felipe , Ladeira Marcelo 
Published: March 2019

This article demonstrates a study on Market Basket Analysis of a financial institution, showing rules of personal consumer association of the state of São Paulo. A concept about three association algorithms is presented, but a study with only one is performed. The paper is divided into an introduction, describing a brief account of the reason for choosing the subject. Understanding the business, where it is explained about the financial institution and the importance of the study to the institution. The way the data are handled is demonstrated in Understanding the Data, just as the Data Preparation is described in the sequence, putting all the filters and treatments that were done on the data. In the following, it is described the Modeling, which reports on algorithms of association rules and on examples of these algorithms, as well as which algorithm was chosen to be treated in the paper. Evaluation explains on the results obtained with the study and the Implementation as it was done all the analysis of the data and the results obtained. Finally, we have the Conclusion about the learning obtained with the article and what future work to do.
Vibrio cholerae OmpU Mediates CD36-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Triggering an Additional Pathway of MAPK Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Prasad G. V. R. Krishna , Dhar Vinica , Mukhopadhaya Arunika 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
OmpU, one of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, induces TLR1/2–MyD88–NF-κB–dependent proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and macrophages of human and mouse origin. In this study, we report that in both the cell types, OmpU-induced proinflammatory responses involve activation of MAPKs (p38 and JNK). Interestingly, we observed that in OmpU-treated macrophages, p38 activation is TLR2 dependent, but JNK activation happens through a separate pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ROS. Further, we observed that OmpU-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation probably depends on OmpU translocation to mitochondria and NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS production is due to activation of scavenger receptor CD36. For the first time, to our knowledge, we are reporting that a Gram-negative bacterial protein can activate CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor. Additionally, we found that in OmpU-treated monocytes, both JNK and p38 activation is linked to the TLR2 activation only. Therefore, the ability of macrophages to employ multiple receptors such as TLR2 and CD36 to recognize a single ligand, as in this case OmpU, probably explains the very basic nature of macrophages being more proinflammatory than monocytes.
4-1BB Regulates Effector CD8 T Cell Accumulation in the Lung Tissue through a TRAF1-, mTOR-, and Antigen-Dependent Mechanism to Enhance Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Respiratory Influenza Infection
Authors: Zhou Angela C. , Batista Nathália V. , Watts Tania H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The TNFR superfamily member 4-1BB is important in the establishment of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung tissue following influenza infection. Moreover, supraphysiological boosting of 4-1BB in the airways during the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization regimen increases the long-lived Trm population, correlating with increased protection against heterotypic challenge. However, little is known about how 4-1BB contributes to the establishment of the lung Trm population. In this study, we show that effects of 4-1BB on lung Trm accumulation are already apparent at the effector stage, suggesting that the major role of 4-1BB in Trm formation is to allow persistence of CD8 T effector cells in the lung as they transition to Trm. Using supraphysiological stimulation of 4-1BB in the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization, we show that the effect of 4-1BB on Trm generation requires local delivery of both Ag and costimulation, is inhibited by rapamycin treatment during secondary CD8 effector T cell expansion, and is dependent on the signaling adaptor TRAF1. The decrease in lung Trm following early rapamycin treatment is accompanied by increased circulating memory T cells, as well as fewer effectors, suggesting a role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the formation of Trm through effects on the accumulation of effector precursors. Taken together, these data point to an important role for 4-1BB, TRAF1, and mTOR in the persistence of CD8 effector T cells in the lung parenchyma, thereby allowing the transition to Trm.
Typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by phenotypic and genotypic techniques in New Delhi, India
Authors: Sood Seema , Mahajan Neeraj , Singh Rajendra , Agrawal Sonu Kumari , Shende Trupti , Kapil Arti , Kar Hemanta K. , Sharma Vinod K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to investigate gonococcal isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods.
METHODOLOGY: Sixty gonococcal isolates obtained were examined. Strains were divided into 9 resistant phenotypes: Chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CMRNGP), penicillinase-producing NG (PPNG), chromosomally mediated tetracycline-resistant NG (CMRNGT), TRNG, PPNG and TRNG, CMRNGPT, quinolone resistant NG (QRNG), Azithro R, and decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone. These isolates were also subjected to auxotyping and NG-multi-antigen sequence typing (MAST).
RESULTS: Of 60 isolates, 32 (53.33%) PPNG and only one was CMRNGP; 16 (26.66%) were CMRNGT, while 18 (30%) were TRNG. Both PPNG and TRNG found in 13 (21.66%) and none were CMRNGPT. QRNG was seen in 93.33%, 5% Azithromycin R, and 6.66% were DS to ceftriaxone. Based on auxotyping, 24 (40%) nonrequiring, 16 (26.66%) were proline requiring, 13 (21.66%) arginine requiring while 7 (11.66%) belonged to others. The most common ST was 6058 (32.5%). The discriminatory indices of antibiogram, auxotyping and NG-MAST were 0.77, 0.72, and 0.95, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: NG-MAST is the method of choice for epidemiological studies.
Mucopolysaccharidosis: A case report highlighting hematological aspects of the disease
Authors: Jain Rubal , Khurana Ujjawal , Bhan Bhavna Dhingra , Goel Garima , Kapoor Neelkamal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA 1½-year-old female child presented with swelling in thoracolumbar region and delayed developmental milestones. The routine hemogram analysis on Sysmex XN 1000 showed flags of white blood cell (WBC) abnormal scattergram and lymphocytosis. The peripheral smear examination showed Alder–Reilly (AR) granules leading to a suspicion of underlying Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Further clinical workup, radiographic studies, chemical test lead to the confirmatory diagnosis of MPS. A flag of abnormal WBC scattergram and AR anomaly are the hematological findings that can be seen in a case of MPS.
Challenges to Using Big Data in Health Services Research
Authors: Kang Hosung , Sibbald Shannon 
Published: March 2019

Given the shift in current healthcare trends toward digitization of storing information, there has been an increase in the number of studies using administrative databases. These databases provide a powerful tool to conduct research on outcomes, health services, and epidemiology. However, these databases have limitations and biases that should be considered. Given the sensitive information regarding patients’ health in the database, security clearances must be granted before data is accessed. Furthermore, algorithms to link the different variables to create a cohort of people with specific disease are imperfect and may not yield an accurate representation. Due to a large volume of records, a statistically significant finding may be observed, but may provide insignificant clinical results. Despite the current limitations, administrative databases provide powerful data that researchers can use to identify gaps in performance to improve the healthcare system.
Robot-assisted surgical treatment in a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: Ho Jordan , Bami Herman 
Published: March 2019

We present a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 14-year-old female. The patient was initially managed using dietary changes and postprandial assumption of the left lateral decubitus position, however, after two months with no improvement, the patient was treated using a robot-assisted Strong’s procedure. The patient fully recovered within one year. We further discuss superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its current treatment practices, and give a general overview of the current state of robot-assisted surgery.
Moving Beyond Gleason Scoring
Authors: Miles Brian , Ittmann Michael , Wheeler Thomas , Sayeeduddin Mohammad , Cubilla Antonio , Rowley David , Bu Ping , Ding Yi , Gao Yan , Lee MinJae , Ayala Gustavo E. 
Published: March 2019

Context.—The combination of grading and staging is the basis of current standard of care for prediction for most cancers. D. F. Gleason created the current prostate cancer (PCa) grading system. This system has been modified several times. Molecular data have been added. Currently, all grading systems are cancer-cell based.Objective.—To review the literature available on host response measures as reactive stroma grading and stromogenic carcinoma, and their predictive ability for PCa biochemical recurrence and PCa-specific death.Data Sources.—Our own experience has shown that reactive stroma grading and the subsequently binarized system (stromogenic carcinoma) can independently predict biochemical recurrence and/or PCa-specific death, particularly in patients with a Gleason score of 6 or 7. Stromogenic carcinoma has been validated by 4 other independent groups in at least 3 continents.Conclusions.—Broders grading and Dukes staging have been combined to form the most powerful prognostic tools in standard of care. The time has come for us to incorporate measures of host response (stromogenic carcinoma) into the arsenal of elements we use to predict cancer survival, without abandoning what we know works. These data also suggest that our current definition of PCa might need some revision.
EFL Teachers’ Use of Learners’ L1 in Cycle Two Schools in Oman
Authors: Al-Ghafri Bader , Mirza Chahrazed , Gabarre Serge 
Published: March 2019

The current study aims to examine Omani English language teachers’ use of their learners’ L1 in L2 classrooms. The study takes as to design a mix of qualitative case study and grounded theory research. The participant sample consists of three Omani English male teachers from Cycle Two Schools in Al Dahira Governorate in Oman. Data is collected through interviews and classroom observations. Qualitative content analysis is employed to analyze observations; while Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory is used to analyze the interview data.
The findings of the study reveal that the teachers’ use of learners’ L1 in the observed classes is significantly high as it is found that the teachers’ average use of L1 is 28% of their classroom discourse. However, at the same time, it is found that the teachers have demonstrated a high degree of understanding of the disadvantages of overusing L1; of the optimal amount of L1; and of the different avoidance strategies that minimize the use of L1 in L2 classrooms. Hence, the study concludes that the teachers’ shift to L1 is shaped by the challenges they face in their classrooms rather than by their understanding. These challenges are found to be a lack of teaching materials, time constraints, a lack of teaching experience, class size, the learners’ low level of proficiency in English, the teachers’ lack of training, the types of activities used, and the heavy syllabus.
Phylogenetic Framework and Metabolic Genes Expression Analysis of Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Marine Environments of Niger Delta
Authors: Uba Bright Obidinma 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To explore the phylogenetic framework of bacteria isolated from contaminated marine environments of Niger Delta and the expression of the metabolic genes coding for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production.
Study Design: Nine treatments designs were set up in triplicates containing 25 mL of sterile modified mineral basal medium supplemented with nine marine hydrocarbon degraders incubated at 24°C for 5 days. Three of the set ups were supplemented each with 1 mg /L of xylene, anthracene and pyrene.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa between September, 2015 to December, 2017.
Methodology: A laboratory scale study was carried on six composite samples of the sediment and water samples from the three studied areas using enrichment, screening, selection, characterization, and PCR assays to explore the phylogenetic framework and metabolic genes expression of the marine bacteria for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production.
Results: The findings revealed that there was significant abundance of THB (P = .05) more than TCHUB and more xylene degraders than anthracene and pyrene degraders in the sediment and water samples respectively. The phylogenetic correlational analysis revealed that all the nine selected best degraders out of 48 isolates from the studied area were evolutionary related belonging to the genera: Providencia, Alcaligenes, Brevundimonas, Myroides, Serratia, and Bacillus; able to significantly (P = .05) utilize the all the aromatic hydrocarbons. The existence of catabolic and surfactant genes namely catechol dioxygenase (C23O), rhamnolipid enzyme (rhlB) and surfactin /lichenysin enzyme (SrfA3 /LicA3) genes were detected in only four (4) out of the nine (9) marine aromatic degrading bacteria with 881 base pairs sizes.
Conclusion: Thus, the study revealed that these bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 might possess metabolic genes for in situ aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production.