bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Solvent‐based Method to Separate Duct Tape from Porous Surface for Fingerprint Development
Authors: Tan Tony T.F. , Law Pecky P.K. , Kwok Stephen W.K. , Yeung Wilson W.L. , Ho Wai‐Chuen , Chung Wai‐Keung , Au Bing‐Chiu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have proposed a novel solvent‐based method using a specific concentration of 3M™ Novec™ HFE‐72DE and 7200 solvents to untangle duct tape from porous article with minimal impact to the quality of latent fingerprint deposited on the sticky‐side surface of duct tape. A series of experiments determined that a mixture of 30% HFE‐72DE:7200 (v/v) was found to be the most effective to separate various brands of duct tape from different types of porous surface, including office copy paper, newspaper, cardboard, and tissue wipe, which had been stored for up to 30 days before untangling. Further studies also revealed that 30% HFE‐72DE:7200 was compatible with three common fingerprint development methods for porous articles, namely ninhydrin, indanedione‐zinc, and physical developer. The nonflammability and low toxicity nature of this novel solvent mixture also make it ideal for separating duct tape from porous surface in laboratory or at crime scene.
Arid Climate Adipocere—The Importance of Microenvironment
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Simpson Ellie , Forbes Shari L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSkeletal remains were retrieved from a cave in an arid desert environment. The submitted material consisted of dried grass, soil, and malodorous skeletal remains wrapped in leather. After examination, it was revealed that the smell had not been due to recent decomposition but to adipocere. The cause of death was listed as “undetermined” and a suggested date of death as “unknown.” Although adipocere usually requires a damp environment or submersion in water to develop, this case provides further evidence for the rare possibility of adipocere formation in an otherwise very dry environment. Wrapping of the body in leather material had produced an impermeable barrier which had sequestrated and preserved bodily fluids allowing anaerobic decay with fat hydrolysis and adipocere formation. Microenvironments may have potentially significant and quite idiosyncratic effects on decompositional processes which may initially confuse investigations.
Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information
Authors: Trakman Gina L. , Forsyth Adrienne , Hoye Russell , Belski Regina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the information sources that are used and preferred by Australian athletes and to assess if preferences influence nutrition knowledge (NK).MethodsElite and non‐elite Australian team sport athletes, playing Australian football (AF), cricket, lawn bowls, soccer or hockey, were recruited via the sporting organisations' qualified sports dietitians or club presidents. Athletes completed one of two online, validated sports NK questionnaires. Frequency analysis on previous sources of advice, preferred sources of information and preferred type of support were assessed. Differences in NK scores (%) based on previous sources of dietary advice and preferences for obtaining information were assessed using t test or Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsDemographic and information source questions were completed by 410 athletes; 331 also completed NK questions. Athletes were mostly non‐elite (76%) and AF players (79%). Forty‐four per cent of athletes reported having previously received advice from a dietitian. Twenty per cent, 19% and 16% of athletes chose “dietitian,” “internet” and “nutritionist” as their preferred source of nutrition information, respectively. Athletes preferred information on sports nutrition (35%), individual consultations (33%), and information on general healthy eating (33%), over cooking classes (4%) and group presentations (3%). There were no significant associations between preferred and previous information sources and NK scores.ConclusionsAustralian athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information. There is an interest in and need for access to a qualified sports dietitian and reputable internet‐based nutrition information. Education programs and advice given to athletes need to be evaluated.
An early investigation of individual budget expenditures in the era of consumer‐directed care
Authors: Bulamu Norma B. , Kaambwa Billingsley , Gill Liz , Cameron Ian D. , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the key categories of consumer expenditures following the introduction of consumer‐directed care (CDC) in the Australian community aged care sector.MethodsIncome and expenditure data were extracted from monthly budget statements and categorised. Expenditures by category were examined by home care package level, length of time receiving CDC and socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 150 older people in receipt of CDC in South Australia and New South Wales were approached, of whom 95 (63%) consented to participate. Hours of formal care support received was a key driver of expenditure. On average, approximately 53% of total expenditure was allocated to care services, 20% to administration and 17% to case management.ConclusionsThis study was undertaken during the initial stages of the transition to CDC. Further research should investigate the longer‐term budgetary impacts of the transition to CDC for consumers and the sector.
A mood state‐specific interaction between kynurenine metabolism and inflammation is present in bipolar disorder
Authors: van den Ameele Seline , van Nuijs Alexander LN , Lai Foon Yin , Schuermans Jeroen , Verkerk Robert , van Diermen Linda , Coppens Violette , Fransen Erik , de Boer Peter , Timmers Maarten , Sabbe Bernard , Morrens Manuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesCytokines are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms by kynurenine pathway activation. Kynurenine metabolites affect neurotransmission and can cause neurotoxicity. We measured inflammatory markers in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and studied their relation to kynurenine metabolites and mood.MethodsPatients with BD suffering from an acute mood episode were assigned to the depressive (n = 35) or (hypo)manic (n = 32) subgroup. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers [cytokines, C‐reactive protein] and kynurenine metabolites [tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK), quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenic acid (KYNA)] were measured on 6 time points during 8 months follow‐up. Biological marker levels in patients were compared to controls (n = 35) and correlated to scores on mood scales. Spearman correlations and linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwenty patients of the manic subgroup, 29 of the depressive subgroup, and 30 controls completed the study. The manic subgroup had a rapid remission of mood symptoms, but in the depressive subgroup subsyndromal symptoms persisted. No differences in inflammation were found between groups. A strong correlation between tumor necrosis factor‐α and KYN, KYN/TRP, 3‐HK and QA (ρ > 0.60) was specific for the manic group, but only at baseline (during mania). The depressive subgroup had a lower neuroprotective ratio (KYNA/3‐HK, P = .0004) and a strong association between interferon‐y and kynurenine pathway activation (P < .0001). KYNA was low in both patient groups versus controls throughout the whole follow‐up (P = .0008).ConclusionsMania and chronic depressive symptoms in BD are accompanied by a strong interaction between inflammation and a potentially neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism.
Bullying by siblings and peers: Poly‐setting victimization and the association with problem behaviours and depression
Authors: Foody Mairéad , Samara Muthanna , O'Higgins Norman James 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIn recent times, sibling bullying has emerged of interest to researchers concerned with the emotional and behavioural implications for victimization regardless of type and setting.AimsThis research attempts to extend current knowledge on both peer and sibling bullying and to determine the effects of poly‐setting victimization. This paper is concerned with the following objectives: (1) determining the current rate of bullying and victimization among siblings and peers in a large sample of adolescents; (2) investigating the relationship between sibling and peer bullying and depression and behaviour; (3) highlighting the carry‐over effects of bullying from one setting to another; and (4) determining the overall association of poly‐setting victimization with depression and behaviour.Sample and methodsOver 2,000 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years participated in an online survey.ResultsResults found lower rates of sibling bullying compared to international studies. Sibling victims of bullying were at increased risk of becoming peer victims. Poor friendship quality, disliking school, along with peer and sibling bullying involvement predicted scores in the clinical range for outcome measures of internalizing and externalizing problem.ConclusionsThe current study has clinical and educational implications for working with all important stakeholders (i.e., schools, parents, siblings) to reduce bullying and improve mental health.
Determining patient preferences in a glaucoma service: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Lu Thomas Chengxuan , Angell Blake , Dunn Hamish , Ford Belinda , White Andrew , Keay Lisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImportancePatient perspectives are crucial in informing design of acceptable services.BackgroundThis study determined patient preferences in glaucoma care.DesignA discrete choice experiment was used to evaluate the relative importance of out‐of‐pocket costs, waiting time, continuity of care, service location and expertise.ParticipantsNinety‐eight glaucoma suspects or glaucoma patients were recruited from one public and two private clinics in Sydney.MethodsTwelve choice‐tasks were presented in random order and forced‐choice preferences were elicited. Choice data were analysed using a multinominal logit model (NLOGIT 4.0).Main Outcome MeasuresThe relative importance and the likelihood of choosing services with each attribute were determined. Willingness‐to‐pay and willingness‐to‐wait were calculated. Analyses were stratified by whether the patient attended a public or private glaucoma clinic and other demographic features.ResultsChoice was influenced by four or five attributes: greater clinician expertise, the same clinician each visit, lower out‐of‐pocket costs and shorter wait times (all P < .05). Respondents were willing to pay an additional (Australian dollars) $325 (95% confidence interval [CI] 188‐389) to see a senior eye doctor, and $87 (95% CI 60‐116) to see the same clinician each visit. Respondents were willing to wait for these attributes; however, the estimates had wide confidence intervals and were beyond the range tested. Private patients had a stronger preference for expertise and continuity of care compared to public patients.Conclusions and RelevanceExpertise and continuity of care were important to glaucoma patients in this setting, and they were willing to pay out‐of‐pocket and concede longer waiting times to secure these preferences.
First report of Erysiphe kenjiana causing powdery mildew of elm in Romania
Authors: Chinan Vasilică‐Claudiu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractErysiphe kenjiana is an Asian fungus causing powdery mildew of Ulmus spp. In 2017, 10 years after its introduction in Europe, it was detected in Romania on Ulmus pumila, the Siberian elm, which is cultivated in urban environments as an ornamental and shade tree. The identification of the fungus was based on morphological characteristics and molecular data (rDNA internal transcribed spacer region). This is the first report of E. kenjiana in Romania, and only the third from a European country.
The Bayesian‐Laplacian brain
Authors: Zeki Semir , Chén Oliver Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe outline what we believe could be an improvement in future discussions of the brain acting as a Bayesian‐Laplacian system. We do so by distinguishing between two broad classes of priors on which the brain's inferential systems operate: in one category are biological priors (β priors) and in the other artefactual ones (α priors). We argue that β priors, of which colour categories and faces are good examples, are inherited or acquired very rapidly after birth, are highly or relatively resistant to change through experience, and are common to all humans. The consequence is that the probability of posteriors generated from β priors having universal assent and agreement is high. By contrast, α priors, of which man‐made objects are examples, are acquired post‐natally and modified at various stages throughout post‐natal life; they are much more accommodating of, and hospitable to, new experiences. Consequently, posteriors generated from them are less likely to find universal assent. Taken together, in addition to the more limited capacity of experiment and experience to alter the β priors compared with α priors, another cardinal distinction between the two is that the probability of posteriors generated from β priors having universal agreement is greater than that for α priors. The two categories are distinct at the extremes; there is, however, a middle range where they merge into one another to varying extents, resulting in posteriors that draw upon both categories.
Quarter cracks in Thoroughbred racehorses trained in Hong Kong over a 9‐year period (2007–2015): incidence, clinical presentation, and future racing performance
Authors: McGlinchey L. , Robinson P. , Porter B. , Sidhu A. B. S. , Rosanowski S. M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA quarter crack is a defect of the hoof wall that is caused by a combination of factors that affect the quality of the hoof horn. To date, no peer‐reviewed studies have described the incidence of quarter cracks in Thoroughbred racehorses during training. Further, there is limited information regarding the clinical presentation and racing performance following a quarter crack. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to describe the incidence, clinical presentation and outcome of quarter cracks sustained by horses in racing and training at the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Horses with quarter cracks that required attention from a farrier and/or veterinarian were identified using farrier and veterinary clinical records. Data were described, including the affected foot, presence of lameness, treatment, reoccurrence and racing data for case and control horses. There was no significant difference between case and control horses for total career length, and the total number of starts, wins and places. Seventy‐four horses experienced at least one quarter crack during the study period, for a total of 114 quarter cracks. Half of the horses experiencing a quarter crack were not lame on presentation. Most quarter cracks occurred in the right fore (n = 56/102; 54.9%) and in a medial position (n = 90/102; 88.2%). Horses returned to racing a median of 50 days after the first treatment, for a median of 18 starts. Six horses retired due to the occurrence of a quarter crack. Although the incidence of quarter cracks in racehorses is low and the majority of horses returned to a racing career comparable to unaffected horses, the reoccurrence rate is high, putting an emphasis on ongoing hoof management and farrier care to help prevent the reoccurrence.
Continued social participation protects against depressive symptoms across the retirement transition: Longitudinal evidence from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Liu Huiying , Fang Boye , Chan Jieling , Lou Vivian WQ 
Published: August 2019

AimSocial participation is an important social resource over retirement, but little is known about how changing social participation might affect mental health over retirement. This study examined the impact of retirement status, changes in social participation and their interactions on subsequent depressive symptoms over a 4‐year period.MethodsData were obtained from the first three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. The analytical sample included 2364 individuals with different retirement statuses (remained retired, transitioned to retirement, remained working). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the impact of retirement status, changes in social participation and their interactions on depressive symptoms.ResultsCompared with those who remained working, individuals who remained retired reported reduced depressive symptoms (β = −0.64, 95% CI −1.23 to −0.05); individuals who transitioned to retirement reported elevated depressive symptoms (β = 0.74, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.41). Relative to those who reported no participation over the study, individuals who maintained or increased social participation reported reduced depressive symptoms (β = −1.12, 95% CI −1.67 to −0.56; β = −1.03, 95% CI −1.90 to −0.17); individuals who decreased social participation reported elevated depressive symptoms (β = 0.70, 95% CI 0.13–1.28). Individuals with decreased social participation were more influenced by the negative impact of transition to retirement on depressive symptoms (β = 1.93, 95% CI 0.12–3.74).ConclusionThese results highlighted the time‐varying effects of retirement on mental health, and continued social participation acting as an adaptive strategy to protect against depressive symptoms over time. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 972–976.
Treatment of immature teeth with nonvital pulps in adults: a prospective comparative clinical study comparingMTAwith Ca(OH)2
Authors: Kandemir Demirci G. , Kaval M. E. , Güneri P. , Çalışkan M. K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate and compare the influence of various predictors on outcomes of apexification using either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or calcium hydroxide (CH) in permanent immature anterior teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions of adults.MethodologyNinety immature teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions on adult patients (aged 18–40 years) were treated withMTA(45 teeth) orCH(45 teeth) between 2015 and 2018. Patients of both groups were recalled for follow‐up examinations after the first intervention at 1,3,6 and 12 months for the first year, every 6 months for the second year and every year thereafter until the end of the study (median 32.3 months). The treatment outcome based on clinical and radiographic criteria was assessed by calibrated examiners and dichotomized as ‘healed+healing’ or ‘not healed’. The age, gender, stage of root development, preoperative signs and symptoms of apical periodontitis and size of periapical lesion were recorded. The cumulative success proportion and mean time were analysed with the Kaplan–Meier test. The generalized logrank statistic was used to describe prognostic clinical variables. Fisher's exact test was applied for the evaluation of the healing rates.ResultsThirty‐nine of the 45 teeth treated withMTAwere available for recall. Of these, 29 teeth (74%) revealed calcific apical barrier formation with complete resolution of periapical lesions, 7 teeth (18%) were healing, and 3 teeth (8%) had persistent disease. Thirty‐four of the 45 teeth in theCHgroup were available for recall. Of these, 27 teeth (79%) had complete healing of periapical lesions and had calcific barrier formation, 4 teeth (12%) were healing, and the remaining 3 teeth (9%) had not healed. The survival rate of teeth treated withMTAwas similar to the survival rates observed in teeth treated withCH(90% and 91%, respectively,P > 0.05). The generalized logrank statistic revealed that the cumulative success rate of both materials was not significantly different (P > 0.05). None of the tested predictors had an influence on the treatment outcomes of teeth in both groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsApexification with bothMTAandCHwas associated with similar treatment outcomes.MTAmay be proposed as a material for apexification treatment in immature teeth of adult patients due to the shorter treatment time associated with its use.
A program utilizing community pharmacists to improve diabetes education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Yasmin , Imershein Sarah , Maryniuk Melinda , Armian Haleh , Turkistani Sarah Anwar , Bayoumi Aly H , Al-Harbi Mohammed Yahia , Hsu William C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this program was to demonstrate that retail community pharmacists could successfully recruit, engage and counsel people with diabetes by serving as a trusted source of diabetes information. We evaluated the outcomes of this clinical program in preparation for a wider roll out.

Methods
Joslin Diabetes Center collaborated with Nahdi Medical Company, a large retail pharmacy chain in Saudi Arabia, to offer a ‘Let’s Talk About Diabetes’ (LTAD) program. LTAD consists of four 1: 1 counselling sessions, approximately 20 min each, scheduled over a 2–4 month period with a focus on medications, lab results, glucose monitoring and doctor visits. Twenty-five pharmacists completed diabetes education certification and intensive on-site training to deliver the LTAD program.

Results
The 25 program pharmacists in 11 locations enrolled 2639 individual customers into the program. Of these, 1582 participated in at least one session and 1137 (71.9%) participated in at least one LTAD session and completed follow-up surveys. There were 380 customers with paired HbA1C results which demonstrated a reduction from 8.50% (69 mmol/mol) to 7.32% (56 mmol/mol) (P &lt; 0.001). There were improvements in diabetes awareness, attitudes towards diabetes and medication adherence.

Conclusion
The evaluation of this community program suggests that a pharmacy-led diabetes education program is feasible in Saudi Arabia.
Ferroelastic domain switching and R‐curve behavior in lead zirconate titanate (Zr/Ti = 52/48)‐based ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Chen Yu , Xu Jiageng , Xu Qian , Xie Shaoxiong , Wang Qingyuan , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, ferroelastic domain switching and R‐curve behavior in lead zirconate titanate (Nb/Ce co‐doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, ab. PZT‐NC)‐based ferroelectric ceramics were investigated, using the indentation‐strength‐in‐bending (ISB) method. Firstly, Vickers indentation test examined the notable fracture anisotropy of PZT‐NC ceramics between the poling direction and its perpendicular direction, and the crack open displacement (COD) profiles in the two directions were also theoretically calculated from the indentation fracture mechanics. And then two kinds of ferroelastic domain switching modes (in‐plane and out‐of‐plane) were used for explaining such anisotropic propagation behavior of indentation cracks. The subsequent three‐point bending test illustrated the dependence of fracture strength on indentation load and the rising crack growth resistance curves (R‐curves) in two directions. The resulted R‐curves were fitted by the Hill's type Growth Function successfully, giving the reasonable values of crack extension exponential (n), plateau fracture toughness (Kmax), and initial fracture toughness (Kini). The in‐plane ferroelastic domain switching was identified as a more significant toughening mechanism for PZT‐NC ceramics than the out‐of‐plane switching due to more switchable domains.