bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using deep autoencoders to identify abnormal brain structural patterns in neuropsychiatric disorders: A large‐scale multi‐sample study
Authors: Pinaya Walter H. L. , Mechelli Andrea , Sato João R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMachine learning is becoming an increasingly popular approach for investigating spatially distributed and subtle neuroanatomical alterations in brain‐based disorders. However, some machine learning models have been criticized for requiring a large number of cases in each experimental group, and for resembling a “black box” that provides little or no insight into the nature of the data. In this article, we propose an alternative conceptual and practical approach for investigating brain‐based disorders which aim to overcome these limitations. We used an artificial neural network known as “deep autoencoder” to create a normative model using structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,113 healthy people. We then used this model to estimate total and regional neuroanatomical deviation in individual patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder using two independent data sets (n = 263). We report that the model was able to generate different values of total neuroanatomical deviation for each disease under investigation relative to their control group (p < .005). Furthermore, the model revealed distinct patterns of neuroanatomical deviations for the two diseases, consistent with the existing neuroimaging literature. We conclude that the deep autoencoder provides a flexible and promising framework for assessing total and regional neuroanatomical deviations in neuropsychiatric populations.
The neuroanatomical basis of the Gambler's fallacy: A univariate and multivariate morphometric study
Authors: Huang Xiaolu , Zhang Hanqi , Chen Chuansheng , Xue Gui , He Qinghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman decision‐making can be irrational, as in the case of the gambler's fallacy (GF). Converging evidence from behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies has suggested that a hyperactive cognitive system and a hypo‐active affective system contribute to the false world model that generates the GF. However, the neuroanatomical basis underlying the GF remains unclear. The current study addressed this issue by collecting high‐resolution magnetic resonance anatomical images from a large sample of 350 healthy Chinese adults. Univariate voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis suggested that the gray matter volume (GMV) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) (two regions of the cognitive system) showed negative correlations with the degree of GF, while the GMV in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; two regions of the affective system) showed positive correlations. Further multivariate VBM analysis showed that the GMV in these regions could potentially predict the degree of GF. Moreover, a mediation analysis suggested that the GMV in MTL, ACC, and OFC mediated the relationships between the cognitive abilities or affective decision‐making performance and the GF. Results of our study help us to understand the potential neural bases of the cognitive system's constructive role and the affective system's destructive role in decision making.
Extreme male developmental trajectories of homotopic brain connectivity in autism
Authors: Kozhemiako Nataliia , Vakorin Vasily , Nunes Adonay S. , Iarocci Grace , Ribary Urs , Doesburg Sam M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has been proposed that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be characterized by an extreme male brain (EMB) pattern of brain development. Here, we performed the first investigation of how age‐related changes in functional brain connectivity may be expressed differently in females and males with ASD. We analyzed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 107 typically developing (TD) females, 114 TD males, 104 females, and 115 males with ASD (6–26 years) from the autism brain imaging data exchange repository. We explored how interhemispheric homotopic connectivity and its maturational curvatures change across groups. Differences between ASD and TD and between females and males with ASD were observed for the rate of changes in connectivity in the absence of overall differences in connectivity. The largest portion of variance in age‐related changes in connectivity was described through similarities between TD males, ASD males, and ASD females, in contrast to TD females. We found that shape of developmental curvature is associated with symptomatology in both males and females with ASD. We demonstrated that females and males with ASD tended to follow the male pattern of developmental changes in interhemispheric connectivity, supporting the EMB theory of ASD.
Effect of antithrombic therapy on bleeding complications in patients receiving emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Kawamoto Yusuke , Fujikawa Takahisa , Sakamoto Yusuke , Emoto Norio , Takahashi Ryo , Kawamura Yuichiro , Tanaka Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of developing hemorrhagic complications during or after emergency cholecystectomy in patients with antithrombic therapy (ATT) remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluate outcomes in patients with ATT undergoing emergency cholecystectomy and assess the relevance between ATT and perioperative complications including bleeding complications.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 296 patients who were diagnosed as acute cholecystitis and underwent emergency cholecystectomy between 2005 and 2017. One hundred and thirty‐three of them (45%) were on ATT. The primary outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss over 500 ml and postoperative complications including bleeding complications. This study was approved by our institutional review board (#13072904).ResultsThere were 23 patients (8%) who experienced intraoperative blood loss over 500 ml and nine postoperative bleeding complications (3%). Multivariable analyses showed that male sex (P = 0.027), Performance Status 2–4 (P = 0.031) and grade II or III acute cholecystitis (P = 0.033) were independent risk factors for intraoperative bleeding over 500 ml, whereas not single antiplatelet therapy (APT) use but multiple APT (P = 0.034) and anticoagulation therapy (ACT) (P = 0.032) were independently associated with postoperative bleeding complications. Additionally, laparoscopic surgery, but not ATT, was a significant prognostic factor for severe postoperative complications.ConclusionsSingle APT was not remained as an independently associated factor of intraoperative excessive bleeding or severe postoperative complications including bleeding complications. However, patients treated with multiple APT or ACT still represent a challenging group and must be carefully managed to avoid postoperative bleeding complications.
Trehalose powder for subgingival air‐polishing during periodontal maintenance therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kruse Anne B. , Akakpo Dodji L. , Maamar Rabie , Woelber Johan P. , Al‐Ahmad Ali , Vach Kirstin , Ratka‐Krueger Petra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAir‐polishing appears to be a promising procedure for subgingival biofilm removal in periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to compare trehalose powder for subgingival air‐polishing with sonic debridement in residual periodontal pockets during maintenance therapy.MethodsIn this blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted over 6 months with a split‐mouth design, single‐rooted teeth in 44 participants with residual pocket depths of 5 mm and bleeding or >5 mm with and without bleeding were included in this study. Subgingival debridement was carried out using either trehalose powder with an air‐polishing device (test) or a sonic device (control). The reduction in the probing depths after 3 and 6 months was defined as the primary endpoint. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate the discomfort of both procedures.ResultsBoth procedures showed statistically significant intragroup reductions in probing depths (test baseline [BL] 5.52 ± 0.93, 6 months 3.66 ± 0.81, control BL 5.55 ± 0.9, 6 months 3.68 ± 0.86, P < 0.001), clinical attachment level (test BL 6.93 ± 1.5, 6 months 5.3 ± 1.52, control BL 7.27 ± 1.8, 6 months 5.84 ± 1.71, P < 0.001), and bleeding on probing (test BL 86%, 6 months 41%, control BL 89%, 6 months 34%, P < 0.001) after 6 months with no significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05, respectively). The visual analog scale showed a significantly lower incidence of discomfort for air‐polishing compared with sonic scaling (test 2.33 ± 2.14, control 4.91 ± 2.65, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSubgingival air‐polishing with trehalose powder showed comparable clinical outcomes to sonic scaling. Sonic scaling evoked more discomfort compared with air‐polishing.
Proinflammatory cytokine levels and peri‐implant parameters among cigarette smokers, individuals vaping electronic cigarettes, and non‐smokers
Authors: ArRejaie Aws S. , Al‐Aali Khulud Abdulrahman , Alrabiah Mohammed , Vohra Fahim , Mokeem Sameer A. , Basunbul Ghadeer , Alrahlah Ali , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTobacco smoking compromises the prognosis of dental implant treatment and is associated with increased risk of peri‐implant bone loss and increased implant failure rate. There is a dearth of studies that have compared clinical, radiographic, and immunological peri‐implant parameters among cigarette smokers (CS), individuals vaping e‐cigarettes (e‐cigs), and non‐smokers (NS). This study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters and levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and interleukin (IL)‐1β levels among CS, individuals’ vaping e‐cigs, and NS.MethodsThirty‐two CS (group 1), 31 individuals vaping e‐cigs (group 2), and 32 NS (group 3) were included. Demographic‐ and implant‐related data were collected using a structured baseline questionnaire. Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were recorded and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed using standardized digital radiographs. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess levels of MMP‐9 and IL‐1β in peri‐implant sulcular fluid. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze for correlations of MMP‐9 and IL‐1β levels with peri‐implant parameters.ResultsBOP showed significantly higher values in group 3 as compared with groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01). PI (P < 0.01), PD ≥ 4 mm (P < 0.01), and mean concentrations of MMP‐9 (P < 0.001) and IL‐1β (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than group 3. MBL was significantly higher in group 1 as compared with group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.01). Significant positive correlations were found between MMP‐9 (P = 0.0198) and IL‐1β (P = 0.0047) levels and MBL in group 1; and a significant positive correlation between IL‐1β and MBL in group 2 (P = 0.0031).ConclusionsPeri‐implant health was compromised among CS than vaping individuals and NS. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in CS and vaping individuals may suggest greater peri‐implant inflammatory response.
Surface Activity, Aggregation, and Wetting Behavior of Sodium P‐Perfluorononenyloxy Benzene Sulfonate
Authors: Zhang Dianlong , Qu Wenshan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of sodium p‐perfluorononenyloxy benzene sulfonate (OBS) in aqueous solution were investigated. Compared to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), OBS has a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and a low surface tension at the CMC. At the same concentration, OBS shows lower dynamic surface tension than LAS indicating faster wetting kinetics. In aqueous solution, OBS forms large spherical vesicles above the CMC. OBS shows excellent dynamic wetting properties on low‐energy surfaces. The superior properties of OBS make it ideal for use in many industry fields.
Novel MRI hyper‐realistic head‐up display system for patient comfort
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hotta Aira , Murata Takahiro , Ueda Yu , Okumura Haruhiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVirtual reality technologies are significant for medical applications. Canon's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, “Vantage Galan 3T,” focused on patient comfort. The MRI head‐up display (MRI‐HUD) system was also provided as “MR Theater” for this purpose. MRI‐HUD is based on Head Dome Projector (HDP). HDP is a head‐mounted display consisting of a dome‐shaped screen and a mobile LED projector with an ultra‐wide projection lens. HDP was created to demonstrate that non‐flat plane images provide a superior hyper‐realistic impression. In the development process of HDP, we carried out subjective evaluation to confirm the effects of elimination of the flat plane for a hyper‐realistic impression. And we confirmed that the images on the dome screen provide a better impression than the images on a cylindrical screen or a flat screen. MRI‐HUD is a head‐up display system that uses HDP as a real image source. A dome screen and a reflection mirror composed of non‐magnetic materials are constructed beside the patient's bed in the MRI gantry. MRI‐HUD creates wide field‐of‐view images that eliminate the feeling of limited space of the MRI gantry from the beginning to end of the examination.
Taxonogenomics description of Parabacteroides timonensis sp. nov. isolated from a human stool sample
Authors: Bilen Melhem , Mbogning Fonkou Maxime Descartes , Khelaifia Saber , Tomei Enora , Cadoret Frédéric , Daoud Ziad , Armstrong Nicholas , Bittar Fadi , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Raoult Didier , Dubourg Gregory 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntensive efforts have been made to describe the human microbiome and its involvement in health and disease. Culturomics has been recently adapted to target formerly uncultured bacteria and other unclassified bacterial species. This approach enabled us to isolate in the current study a new bacterial species, Parabacteroides timonensis strain Marseille‐P3236T, from a stool sample of a healthy 39‐year‐old pygmy male. This strain, is an anaerobic, gram‐negative, nonspore‐forming motile rod. Its genome is made up of 6,483,434 bp with 43.41% G+C content, 5046 protein‐encoding genes, and 84 RNA genes. We herein provide the full description of Parabacteroides timonensis strain Marseille‐P3236T through the taxonogenomic approach.
Yeast transformation efficiency is enhanced by TORC1‐ and eisosome‐dependent signaling
Authors: Yu Sheng‐Chun , Kuemmel Florian , Skoufou‐Papoutsaki Maria‐Nefeli , Spanu Pietro D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransformation of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) plays a key role in several experimental techniques, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning transformation are still unclear. The addition of amino acids to the growth and transformation medium increases transformation efficiency. Here, we show that target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) activated by amino acids enhances transformation via ubiquitin‐mediated endocytosis. We created mutants of the TORC1 pathway, alpha‐arrestins, and eisosome‐related genes. Our results demonstrate that the TORC1‐Npr1‐Art1/Rsp5 pathway regulates yeast transformation. Based on our previous study, activation of this pathway results in up to a 200‐fold increase in transformation efficiency, or greater. Additionally, we suggest DNA may be taken up by domains at the membrane compartment of Can1 (MCC) in the plasma membrane formed by eisosomes. Yeast studies on transformation could be used as a platform to understand the mechanism of DNA uptake in mammalian systems, which is clinically relevant to optimize gene therapy.
Comparison of intestinal microbes in female and male Chinese concave‐eared frogs (Odorrana tormota) and effect of nematode infection on gut bacterial communities
Authors: Shu Yilin , Hong Pei , Tang Dong , Qing Hui , Omondi Donde Oscar , Wang Huan , Xiao Bangding , Wu Hailong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Chinese concave‐eared frog (Odorrana tormota) is a rare and threatened species with remarkable sexual dimorphism. Intestinal microbes are understood to play important roles in animal physiology, growth, ecology, and evolution. However, little is known about the intestinal microbes in female and male frogs, as well as the contributing effect by gut infesting nematodes to the co‐habiting bacteria and their function in degradation food rich in chitin. Here, this study analyzed the microbiota of the intestinal tract of both female and male, healthy as well as nematode‐infested concave‐eared frogs using high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic techniques. The results showed that the bacterial composition of the microbiota at the phylum level was dominated by Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The study also revealed that the community composition below the class level could be represent sex differences, particularly with regard to Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae, among others. Carbohydrate‐active enzyme‐encoding genes and modules were identified in related gut bacteria by metagenomic analysis, with Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and gammaproteobacteria predicted to be the main classes of chitin‐decomposing bacteria in the frog intestine. In addition, the abundance of some bacteria significantly increased or decreased in nematode‐infected hosts compared with healthy individuals, including Verrucomicrobia, Verrucomicrobiae, Negativicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli, among others. This indicates that nematode infection may affect the richness and composition of some gut bacteria.
β2‐adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gronich Naomi , Abernethy Darrell R. , Auriel Eitan , Lavi Idit , Rennert Gad , Saliba Walid 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: β2‐adrenoreceptors have recently been identified as regulators of the α‐synuclein gene, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the association between use of β2‐agonists and β‐antagonists and the risk of developing PD.
Methods: We conducted a nested case‐control study in a cohort of 1,762,164 adults without a diagnosis of PD. They were identified on January, 1, 2004, from the electronic medical records of the largest health care provider in Israel. Participants were followed up until June 30, 2017, for the occurrence of PD. Ten randomly selected controls were matched to each case of PD on age, sex, ethnic group, and duration of follow‐up.
Results: During follow‐up 11,314 patients were newly diagnosed with PD and were matched with 113,140 controls. An increased risk of PD was seen with the use of nonselective β‐antagonists (RR, 2.04 [1.90‐2.20]) but not with the use of selective β1‐antagonists (RR, 1.00 [0.95‐1.05]). Use of β2‐agonists was associated with reduced risk of PD (RR, 0.89 [0.82‐0.96] for short‐acting; RR, 0.84 [0.76‐0.93] for long‐acting; and RR, 0.49 [0.25‐0.92] for ultra‐long‐acting β2‐agonists). In an analysis of individual drugs, propranolol and salbutamol were significantly associated with PD risk, even when these drugs were ascertained 5 years prior to the index date, compared with nonusers (RR, 1.31 [1.08‐1.58] and 1.89 {1.53‐2.33]) in patients who filled <6 and ≥6 propranolol prescriptions, respectively; the corresponding RRs for salbutamol were 0.95 (0.83‐1.08) and 0.65 (0.45‐0.94), respectively.
Conclusions: Use of propranolol appears to be associated with an increased risk of PD, whereas use of β2‐agonists is associated with a decreased risk of PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Fully convolutional networks for automated segmentation of abdominal adipose tissue depots in multicenter water–fat MRI
Authors: Langner Taro , Hedström Anders , Mörwald Katharina , Weghuber Daniel , Forslund Anders , Bergsten Peter , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel 
Published: October 2018

PurposeAn approach for the automated segmentation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in multicenter water–fat MRI scans of the abdomen was investigated, using 2 different neural network architectures.MethodsThe 2 fully convolutional network architectures U‐Net and V‐Net were trained, evaluated, and compared using the water–fat MRI data. Data of the study Tellus with 90 scans from a single center was used for a 10‐fold cross‐validation in which the most successful configuration for both networks was determined. These configurations were then tested on 20 scans of the multicenter study beta‐cell function in JUvenile Diabetes and Obesity (BetaJudo), which involved a different study population and scanning device.ResultsThe U‐Net outperformed the used implementation of the V‐Net in both cross‐validation and testing. In cross‐validation, the U‐Net reached average dice scores of 0.988 (VAT) and 0.992 (SAT). The average of the absolute quantification errors amount to 0.67% (VAT) and 0.39% (SAT). On the multicenter test data, the U‐Net performs only slightly worse, with average dice scores of 0.970 (VAT) and 0.987 (SAT) and quantification errors of 2.80% (VAT) and 1.65% (SAT).ConclusionThe segmentations generated by the U‐Net allow for reliable quantification and could therefore be viable for high‐quality automated measurements of VAT and SAT in large‐scale studies with minimal need for human intervention. The high performance on the multicenter test data furthermore shows the robustness of this approach for data of different patient demographics and imaging centers, as long as a consistent imaging protocol is used.
Shortening of apparent transverse relaxation time of inorganic phosphate as a breast cancer biomarker
Authors: van der Kemp Wybe J.M. , van der Velden Tijl A. , Schmitz Alexander M. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Wijnen Jannie P. 
Published: October 2018

Phosphorus MRS offers a non‐invasive tool for monitoring cell energy and phospholipid metabolism and can be of additional value in diagnosing cancer and monitoring cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the transverse relaxation times of a number of phosphorous metabolites in a group of breast cancer patients by adiabatic multi‐echo spectroscopic imaging at 7 T. The transverse relaxation times of phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate (Pi), glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphatidylcholine were 184 ± 8 ms, 203 ± 17 ms, 87 ± 8 ms, 240 ± 56 ms and 20 ± 10 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time of Pi in breast cancer tissue was less than half that of healthy fibroglandular tissue. This effect is most likely caused by an up‐regulation of glycolysis in breast cancer tissue that leads to interaction of Pi with the GAPDH enzyme, which forms part of the reversible pathway of exchange of Pi with gamma‐adenosine tri‐phosphate, thus shortening its apparent transverse relaxation time. As healthy breast tissue shows very little glycolytic activity, the apparent T2 shortening of Pi due to malignant transformation could possibly be used as a biomarker for cancer.