bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annulative Synthesis of Thiazoles and Oxazoles from Alkenyl Sulfoxides and Nitriles via Additive Pummerer Reaction
Authors: Hori Mitsuki , Nogi Keisuke , Nagaki Aiichiro , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPummerer‐based annulation of alkenyl sulfoxides, mainly ketene dithioacetal monoxides (KDMs), with nitriles has been developed. By means of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) as an activator, additive Pummerer reaction and subsequent C−S‐bond‐forming cyclization from the nitrilium intermediates furnished the corresponding thiazoles. Moreover, the nitrilium intermediates proved to be interrupted intermolecularly by H2O to afford oxazoles instead of thiazoles.
Facile preparation of TiO2/acrylic resin superhydrophobic surface with excellent wear resistance
Authors: Li Changquan , Cao Zhenjun , Xie Chan , Li Zi , Fang Xinzuo , Ou Junfei , Xue Mingshan , Wang Fajun , Lei Sheng , Li Wen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSuperhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) are widely applied in national defense, industrial, and agricultural production and daily life due to their unique structural characteristics and self‐cleaning properties. In this work, a multilayer structure was obtained on an aluminum substrate using a simple spray method. The acrylic resin was used as a substrate, and the SHS was prepared by combining the acrylic resin with the modified nano‐TiO2. The effects of different contents of surface modifier hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (cetyltrimethoxysilane), different spraying times, and different nanometer TiO2 particle sizes on SHS were studied. The results showed that the optimal modifier content was 16%. When the spraying time is 1 min and the mass ratio of 10‐nm TiO2 to 100‐nm TiO2 is 1:1, the contact angle (CA) of the surface is 170.89°, and the sliding angle is 2°. Furthermore, the stability of the SHS under different acid–base conditions, the stability in NaCl solution (3.5 wt %), and the dry friction resistance were further determined. The experimental results show that the prepared samples have certain acid resistance, NaCl resistance, and alkali resistance. After 100 times of dry friction, the CA is still 162.30°, which suggests that the TiO2/acrylic resin SHS has excellent dry friction resistance performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47762.
Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane Core: A Versatile Platform for Triplet State Fine‐Tuning and Through‐Space TADF Emission
Authors: Auffray Morgan , Kim Dae Hyeon , Kim Jong Uk , Bencheikh Fatima , Kreher David , Zhang Qisheng , D'Aléo Anthony , Ribierre Jean‐Charles , Mathevet Fabrice , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on through‐space donor and acceptor interactions constitute a recent and promising approach to develop efficient TADF emitters. Novel TADF isomers using a dithia[3.3]‐paracyclophane building block as a versatile 3D platform to promote through‐space interactions are presented. Such a 3D platform allows to bring together the D and A units into close proximity and to probe the effect of their orientation, contact site and distance on their TADF emission properties. This study provides evidence that the dithia[3.3]paracyclophane core is a promising platform to control intramolecular through‐space interactions and obtain an efficient TADF emission with short reverse‐intersystem crossing (RISC) lifetimes. In addition, this study demonstrates that this design can tune the energy levels of the triplet states and leads to an upconversion from 3CT to 3LE that promotes faster and more efficient RISC to the 1CT singlet state.
The effect of adopting pediatric protocols in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric vs adult centers: An IMPACT Cohort study
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Pole Jason D. , Baxter Nancy N. , Sutradhar Rinku , Lau Cindy , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetrospective studies have shown adolescents and young adults (AYA) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have superior survival when treated in pediatric versus adult centers (locus of care; LOC). Several adult centers recently adopted pediatric protocols. Whether this has narrowed LOC disparities in real–world settings is unknown.MethodsThe IMPACT Cohort is an Ontario population–based cohort that captured demographic, disease and treatment (treatment protocol, chemotherapy doses) data for all 15‐21 year olds diagnosed with ALL 1992‐2011. Cancer outcomes were determined by chart abstraction and linkage to provincial healthcare databases. Treatment protocols were classified as pediatric‐ or adult‐based. We examined predictors of outcome, including LOC, protocol, disease biology, and time period.ResultsOf 271 patients, 152 (56%) received therapy at adult centers. 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS ± SE) among AYA at pediatric vs adult centers was 72% ± 4% vs 56% ± 4% (P = 0.03); 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 82% ± 4% vs 64% ± 4% (P < 0.001). After adjustment, OS remained inferior at adult centers (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1‐6.1; P = 0.04). In the most recent period (2006‐2011), 39/59 (66%) AYA treated at adult centers received pediatric protocols. These AYA had outcomes superior to the 20 AYA treated on adult protocols, but inferior to the 44 AYA treated at pediatric centers (EFS 72% ± 5% vs 60% ± 9% vs 81% ± 6%; P = 0.02; OS 77% ± 7% vs 65% ± 11% vs 91% ± 4%; P = 0.004). Induction deaths and treatment–related mortality did not vary by LOC.ConclusionsSurvival disparities between AYA with ALL treated in pediatric vs adult centers have persisted over time, partially attributable to incomplete adoption of pediatric protocols by adult centers. Although pediatric protocol use has improved survival, residual disparities remain, perhaps due to other differences in care between adult and pediatric centers.
Immunohistochemical biomarkers and distribution of telocytes in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Xu Ying , Tian Hu , Cheng Jialin , Liang Shubin , Li Teng , Liu Ju 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTelocytes had been identified as a peculiar stromal cell type implicated in tissue homeostasis and the development and pathophysiology of diseases. Telocyte existed in most organs and tissues in humans and animals. However, few studies have examined telocytes in ApoE gene deficient mice. In our studies, we verified the existence, the morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of telocytes in critical organs of the ApoE−/− mice. Male adult ApoE−/− mice were selected as an experimental model. Immunohistochemical bio‐markers, such as CD34, CD117, CD28, Vimentin and PDGFR‐α were utilized to determine the distribution and morphology of telocytes in the heart, liver and kidney. Telocyte expressed positively for CD34 and CD117, and partial telocyte and telopode expressed positively for PDGFR‐α in heart and liver, but negatively in kidney. Double immunofluorescence assays for CD28/Vimentin, CD34/CD117 and CD34/PDGFR‐α were used to demonstrate the biochemistry speciality of telocytes, respectively. The evidence of telocytes in the ApoE‐/‐ mice is the first step of our sturdy, which aims to demonstrate changes in telocytes in atherosclerosis in this animal model.
Validation of NRG oncology/RTOG‐0129 risk groups for HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer: Implications for risk‐based therapeutic intensity trials
Authors: Fakhry Carole , Zhang Qiang , Gillison Maura L. , Nguyen‐Tân Phuc Felix , Rosenthal David I. , Weber Randal S. , Lambert Louise , Trotti Andy M. , Barrett William L. , Thorstad Wade L. , Yom Sue S. , Wong Stuart J. , Ridge John A. , Rao Shyam S. D. , Spencer Sharon , Fortin Andre , Raben David , Harris Jonathan , Le Quynh‐Thu 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundRadiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)‐0129 recursive partitioning analysis was the basis for risk‐based therapeutic intensification trials for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). To the authors’ knowledge, the question of whether RTOG‐0129 overall survival (OS) estimates for low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk groups are similar in other data sets or applicable to progression‐free survival (PFS) is unknown. Therefore, the authors evaluated whether survival differences between RTOG‐0129 risk groups persist at 5 years, are reproducible in an independent clinical trial, and are applicable to PFS, and whether toxicities differ across risk groups.MethodsProspective randomized clinical trials were analyzed retrospectively. RTOG‐0129 evaluated standard versus accelerated fractionation radiotherapy concurrent with cisplatin. RTOG‐0522 compared the combination of cisplatin and accelerated fractionation with or without cetuximab. Patients with OPC with available p16 status and tobacco history were eligible.ResultsThere was a total of 260 patients and 287 patients, respectively, from RTOG‐0129 and RTOG‐0522, with median follow‐ups for surviving patients of 7.9 years (range, 1.7‐9.9 years) and 4.7 years (range, 0.1‐7.0 years), respectively. Previous OS differences in RTOG‐0129 persisted at 5 years. In RTOG‐0522, the 5‐year OS rates for the low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk groups were 88.1%, 69.9%, and 45.1%, respectively (P for trend, <.001). The 5‐year PFS rates for the same 3 groups were 72.9%, 56.1%, and 42.2%, respectively. In RTOG‐0522 among a subgroup of patients considered to be at very good risk (p16‐positive disease, smoking history of ≤10 pack‐years, and classified with T1‐T2 disease with ipsilateral lymph nodes measuring ≤6 cm or T3 disease without contralateral or >6 cm lymph nodes), the 5‐year OS and PFS rates were 93.8% and 82.2%, respectively. Overall rates of acute and late toxicities were similar by risk group.ConclusionsRTOG‐0129 risk groups persisted at 5 years and were reproducible in RTOG‐0522. However, there was variability in the estimates. These data underscore the importance of long‐term follow‐up and appropriate patient selection in therapeutic deintensification trials.
Permissioned blockchains and distributed databases: A performance study
Authors: Bergman Sara , Asplund Mikael , Nadjm‐Tehrani Simin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBlockchains are increasingly studied in the context of new applications. Permissioned blockchains promise to deal with the issue of complete removal of trust, a notion that is currently the hallmark of the developed society. Before the idea is adopted in contexts where resource efficiency and fast operation is a requirement, one could legitimately ask the question: can permissioned blockchains match the performance of traditional large‐scale databases? This paper compares two popular frameworks, Hyperledger Fabric and Apache Cassandra, as representatives of permissioned blockchains and distributed databases, respectively. We compare their latency for varying workloads and network sizes. The results show that, for small systems, blockchains can start to compete with traditional databases, but also that the difference in consistency models and differences in setup can have a large impact on the resulting performance.
Iron‐Catalysed Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Derivatives with ω‐Amino Fatty Acids to Access Cyclic Amines
Authors: Wei Duo , Netkaew Chakkrit , Carré Victor , Darcel Christophe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient method for the reductive amination of carbonyl derivatives with ω‐amino fatty acids catalysed by an iron complex Fe(CO)4(IMes) [IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] by means of hydrosilylation was developed. A variety of pyrrolidines, piperidines and azepanes were selectively synthesised in moderate‐to‐excellent yields (36 examples, 47–97 % isolated yield) with a good functional group tolerance.
Intercalation Pseudocapacitance Boosting Ultrafast Sodium Storage in Prussian Blue Analogs
Authors: Wang Baoqi , Liu Shuangyu , Sun Wenping , Tang Yuxin , Pan Hongge , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGreat expectation is placed on sodium‐ion batteries with high rate capability to satisfy multiple requirements in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the large ionic radius and high mass of Na+ hamper its kinetics in the case of diffusion‐controlled mechanisms in conventional electrodes. In this study, a unique intercalation pseudocapacitance has been demonstrated in low‐vacancy copper hexacyanoferrate, achieving outstanding rate capability. The minimization of the [Fe(CN)6] vacancy enables unhindered diffusion pathways for Na+ and little structural change during the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction, eliminating solid‐state diffusion limits. Moreover, the Cu+/Cu2+ couple is unexpectedly activated, realizing a record capacity for copper hexacyanoferrate. A capacity of 86 mAh g−1 is obtained at 1 C, of which 50 % is maintained under 100 C and 70 % is achieved at 0 °C. Such intercalation pseudocapacitance might shed light on exploiting high‐rate electrodes among Prussian blue analogs for advanced sodium‐ion batteries.
Monomer Self‐Deposition for Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Lei , Yu Yifeng , Zhang Yue , Chen Aibing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrdered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have emerged as promising candidates for applications in adsorption, lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, metal‐free catalysts, and catalyst supports owing to the ordered mesoporous channels, large surface areas, and quantum effects on the nanoscale. Herein, a new and simple self‐deposition following solid‐phase grinding method was used to prepare OMCs by direct transformation of phenol monomers into mesoporous carbon. The transformation occurred under metal‐salt catalysis and by using mesoporous silica as a template. The obtained OMC completely replicated the morphology of the template and exhibited high surface area, large pore volume, and uniform mesoporous structure. The advantage of this method is that no solvents or extra pre‐polymerization processes are needed, resulting in simple and easy operation and high universality. Owing to the abundant mesopores and high surface area, the OMC samples have good electrochemical properties and high potential for electrochemical materials.
Loss of Neurogenesis in Aging Hydra
Authors: Tomczyk Szymon , Buzgariu Wanda , Perruchoud Chrystelle , Fisher Kathleen , Austad Steven , Galliot Brigitte 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Hydra the nervous system is composed of neurons and mechanosensory cells that differentiate from interstitial stem cells (ISCs), which also provide gland cells and germ cells. The adult nervous system is actively maintained through continuous de novo neurogenesis that occurs at two distinct paces, slow in intact animals and fast in regenerating ones. Surprisingly Hydra vulgaris survive the elimination of cycling interstitial cells and the subsequent loss of neurogenesis if force‐fed. By contrast, H. oligactis animals exposed to cold temperature undergo gametogenesis and a concomitant progressive loss of neurogenesis. In the cold‐sensitive strain Ho_CS, this loss irreversibly leads to aging and animal death. Within four weeks, Ho_CS animals lose their contractility, feeding response, and reaction to light. Meanwhile, two positive regulators of neurogenesis, the homeoprotein prdl‐a and the neuropeptide Hym‐355, are no longer expressed, while the “old” RFamide‐expressing neurons persist. A comparative transcriptomic analysis performed in cold‐sensitive and cold‐resistant strains confirms the downregulation of classical neuronal markers during aging but also shows the upregulation of putative regulators of neurotransmission and neurogenesis such as AHR, FGFR, FoxJ3, Fral2, Jagged, Meis1, Notch, Otx1, and TCF15. The switch of Fral2 expression from neurons to germ cells suggests that in aging animals, the neurogenic program active in ISCs is re‐routed to germ cells, preventing de novo neurogenesis and impacting animal survival.
Does perspective matter? A case study comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian estimates of common murre (Uria aalge) distributions
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth M. , Horne John K. , Zamon Jeannette E. , Felis Jonathan J. , Adams Josh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies estimating species' distributions require information about animal locations in space and time. Location data can be collected using surveys within a predetermined frame of reference (i.e., Eulerian sampling) or from animal‐borne tracking devices (i.e., Lagrangian sampling). Integration of observations obtained from Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives can provide insights into animal movement and habitat use. However, contemporaneous data from both perspectives are rarely available, making examination of biases associated with each sampling approach difficult. We compared distributions of a mobile seabird observed concurrently from ship, aerial, and satellite tag surveys during May, June, and July 2012 in the northern California Current. We calculated utilization distributions to quantify and compare variability in common murre (Uria aalge) space use and examine how sampling perspective and platform influence observed patterns. Spatial distributions of murres were similar in May, regardless of sampling perspective. Greatest densities occurred in coastal waters off southern Washington and northern Oregon, near large murre colonies and the mouth of the Columbia River. Density distributions of murres estimated from ship and aerial surveys in June and July were similar to those observed in May, whereas distributions of satellite‐tagged murres in June and July indicated northward movement into British Columbia, Canada, resulting in different patterns observed from Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives. These results suggest that the population of murres observed in the northern California Current during spring and summer includes relatively stationary individuals attending breeding colonies and nonstationary, vagile adults and subadults. Given the expected growth of telemetry studies and advances in survey technology (e.g., unmanned aerial systems), these results highlight the importance of considering methodological approaches, spatial extent, and synopticity of distribution data sets prior to integrating data from different sampling perspectives.
Students as ecologists: Strategies for successful mentorship of undergraduate researchers
Authors: Emery Nathan , Hund Amanda , Burks Romi , Duffy Meghan , Scoffoni Christine , Swei Andrea 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGuiding undergraduates through the ecological research process can be incredibly rewarding and present opportunities to break down barriers to inclusion and diversity in scientific disciplines. At the same time, mentoring undergraduate researchers is a complicated process that requires time and flexibility. While many academics receive extensive guidance on how to be successful in research endeavors, we pay much less attention to training in mentorship and working collaboratively with undergraduate students. This paper seeks to provide a framework for successfully collaborating with undergraduates including initial recruitment, development of a contract, fostering student ownership of research projects, and submission of a polished manuscript.
Lipid Oxidation in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Rich in Omega‐3: Effect of Aqueous Phase Viscosity, Emulsifiers, and Antioxidants
Authors: Pernin Aurélia , Bosc Véronique , Soto Paola , Le Roux Even , Maillard Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: March 2019

Phenolic compounds offer a solution to limit oxidation and bacterial growth in food products. This study aims to better understand the impact of compositional and structural parameters of o/w emulsions on oxidative stability in several realistic models, composed of fish oil, an aqueous phase supplemented or not with guar gum, and whey proteins or Tween 80 as emulsifiers. Some systems include phenolic antioxidants, alone or in mixture (α‐tocopherol, eugenol, ferulic acid). The presence of guar gum slightly delays oxidation by limiting oxygen transfer from the headspace to the emulsion and within the different compartments of the emulsion. Moreover, oxidation is lower in emulsions formulated with whey proteins, due to their potent interference with oxidation reactions. Ferulic acid shows no antioxidant activity. Eugenol and α‐tocopherol are efficient in emulsions formulated with whey proteins due to their localization in the reactional system and therefore their proximity to oxidation sites.Practical Applications: These results can find practical applications in protecting essential omega‐3 fatty acids with natural phenolic antioxidants in food emulsions. They would also contribute to limit the use of additives in food by promoting synergistic actions of phenolic compounds with complementary antioxidant mechanisms. At least, they could offer a sustainable valorization of by‐products from agro‐industry by producing ingredients rich in phenolic compounds, not only having antioxidant properties but also antibacterial effects.The nature and partition of emulsifier (whey proteins, Tween 80), thickener (guar gum), and antioxidant (ferulic acid, α‐tocopherol and/or eugenol) play a major role in the oxidation kinetics of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in o/w emulsions.
Atlantic Salmon Recovery Informing and Informed by Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management
Authors: Hare Jonathan A , Kocik John F , Link Jason S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
2019 is the International Year of the Salmon with events and projects planned across the Northern Hemisphere. Obviously, much of the focus will be on salmon. Yet, we contend in this perspective that salmon recovery, specifically Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar recovery, can inform and be informed by Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM). We provide the status of Atlantic Salmon recovery and the definition and objectives of EBFM and then walk through Atlantic Salmon recovery in the context of the definition of EBFM. Our purpose is to provide insight into EBFM in practice. Then we use the principles of EBFM to examine Atlantic Salmon recovery and provide an ecosystem perspective of the recovery efforts. Our intent is to provide a practical approach to considering EBFM and a broader approach for considering Atlantic Salmon recovery.
Nutritional potential of wild sorghum: Grain quality of Sudanese wild sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Abdelhalim Tilal Sayed , Kamal Nasrein Mohamed , Hassan Amro B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the last decades, deficiency of macro‐ and micronutrients was considered as a serious problem associated with the increase in the human population. To meet the increased demand for food consumption, the wild relative plant might serve as an important source of new genetic material for increasing macro‐ and micronutrients. To investigate this, the variations in protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, tannin content, phytic acid content, total polyphenol content, and total and bioavailability of minerals were studied in grains of ten wild sorghums and two released sorghum cultivars. The results showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in all quality tests among the genotypes. The highest percentage of total protein contents and in vitro protein digestibility were encountered in the grains of PQ‐434 (14.6%) and the released cultivar AG8 (49.8%), respectively, while the highest concentrations of total and bioavailable iron were found in the grains of Almahkara (3.17 mg/100 g) and Abusabiba (92.8 mg/100 g), respectively. The grains of wild sorghum genotype Adar Umbatikh grains were found to possess higher total zinc contents. The PCA identified only five components of eigenvalues greater than one and cumulatively accounted for 88% of the total variation. It could be concluded that Almahkara and PQ‐434 could be used as potential sources for iron and protein sorghum biofortification, respectively. Results from this study might be used in the development of new value‐added products from wild sorghum grains by‐products.