bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life: fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy versus enucleation treatment in uveal melanoma patients
Authors: van Beek Jackelien G.M. , Buitendijk Gabrielle H.S. , Timman Reinier , Muller Karin , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Paridaens Dion , Naus Nicole C. , Kiliç Emine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo report the quality of life and visual functioning in uveal melanoma patients treated with enucleation or fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (fSRT).MethodsUveal melanoma (UM) patients treated with fSRT (n = 65) or enucleation (n = 48) participated in this prospective study. Questionnaires to measure anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory), subjective distress (Impact of Event Scale) and quality of life (EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25)) were obtained before treatment and 2, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after treatment.ResultsLess peripheral vision was observed until 3 years (p = 0.026) posttreatment in enucleated patients compared to irradiated patients. From 2 months until 3 years posttreatment irradiated patients increase in role functioning‐score (p = 0.005), while enucleated patients decrease in score (p = 0.012). Regardless of their treatment, for all patients we measured a reduction in physical functioning (p = 0.035), insomnia (p < 0.001) and in state anxiety from pretreatment until 2 years posttreatment (p < 0.001). An increase in pain overall (p = 0.023) and in emotional functioning is observed 1 year posttreatment (p < 0.001). At baseline, patients with metastases (independent of their treatment) have more subjective distress (p = 0.037) than patients without metastases. The mean ‘global health score’ overall, without effect of time, was 76.4 (SD: 13.6).ConclusionEnucleated patients had more difficulty working or performing household tasks 2 months posttreatment compared to irradiated patients. Enucleated patients had diminished peripheral vision until 3 years compared to irradiated patients. Overall quality of life is not significantly different between both treatment groups.
Clinical evidence supporting the use of donor sclera as spacer material in complicated cases of strabismus surgery – retrospective evaluation of surgical results in 117 patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy or congenital strabismus
Authors: Thorisdottir Rannveig Linda , Blohmé Jonas , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine the outcome of the use of donor sclera as spacer material in complicated cases of strabismus surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort study on patients with complicated thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) (n = 42) or congenital strabismus (n = 75). Patients underwent strabismus surgery during 1994–2014. The surgical results were evaluated in terms of the reduction in the angle of deviation, the need for re‐operation, complications and patient satisfaction.ResultsThe majority of the TAO patients underwent surgery for vertical strabismus (n = 25). The vertical angle of deviation in the primary position was significantly reduced from a median of 23 prism dioptres (PD) to 2 PD (n = 35, p < 0.001). The horizontal angle of deviation in primary position for TAO patients with esotropia was significantly reduced, from a median of 35 PD to 2 PD (n = 17, p < 0.001). The majority of the congenital cases had horizontal strabismus (esotropia = 29, exotropia = 27). The angle of deviation in esotropia was reduced from a median of 29 PD to 8 PD (n = 36, p < 0.001) and in exotropia from 30 PD to 10 PD (n = 34, p < 0.001). Most of the patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery, and only 12% required re‐operation within 2 years.ConclusionThis is the first clinical study on the use of donor sclera as spacer material in complicated cases of strabismus surgery. The surgical results were good in terms of the reduction in the angle of deviation, the need for re‐operation, complications and patient satisfaction, supporting the use of donor sclera for strabismus surgery.
High rate of failed visual‐acuity measurements with the Amsterdam Picture Chart in screening at the age of 36 months
Authors: Telleman Marieke A. J. , Sloot Frea , Benjamins Janine , Simonsz Huibert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeIn the Netherlands, youth health care physicians and nurses screen all children for general health disorders at Child Health Care Centers. As part of this, the eyes are screened seven times, with the first visual acuity (VA) measurement at 36 months with the Amsterdam Picture Chart (APK). The suitability of the APK has been questioned.MethodsChildren born between July 2011 and June 2012 born in the provinces Drenthe, Gelderland and Flevoland and invited for screening at 36 months were eligible. Parents were sent the APK picture optotypes to practise with their children in advance. Data were collected from electronic screening records. The Dutch vision screening guideline prescribes that children with VA <5/6, or one line interocular difference (not logMAR, however) should be retested or referred.ResultsOf 10 809 eligible children, 1546 did not attend and 602 attended but had no VA measurement at age 36 months, 247 of these were under orthoptic treatment. Of the 8448 children examined, VA was sufficient in 5663 (67.0%) and insufficient in 1312 (15.5%). In 1400 (16.6%), the measurement of VA itself failed. In 73 (0.9%), data were missing. Of the 216 children with 2 failed VA measurements, 150 (69%) were not referred, and measurement of VA was deferred to the next general screening examination at 45 months.ConclusionAlthough most parents had practised the APK picture optotypes at home with their children, the rate of failed APK measurements plus the measurements with insufficient VA was 32.1% at 36 months. Similar rates have previously been reported for Lea Symbols and HOTV, permitting the conclusion that measurement of VA at the age of 36 months cannot be recommended as a screening test in the general population.
Topical cyclosporine‐A versus prednisolone for herpetic stromal keratitis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Nayebzadeh Mohamadreza , Peyman Mohamadreza , Afshari Natalie A. , Pourazizi Mohsen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare topical cyclosporine‐A 2% eye drop (Cs‐A) with prednisolone acetate 1% eye drop for treatment of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK).MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 38 eyes of 33 patients with HSK were randomly assigned to receive either 2% Cs‐A or 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops. All subjects received oral acyclovir 400 mg twice a day. Slit‐lamp examination, Scheimpflug tomography corneal optical densitometry (Pentacam®, Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany), best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated at the first visit, and 14 and 30 days after the treatment.ResultsWithin‐group analysis revealed significant improvement of total cornea optical density after 30 days of treatment in both groups (30.3 ± 10.5 to 28.3 ± 9.8, p < 0.001 for prednisolone group, and 30.5 ± 8.8 to 28.8 ± 8.3 p < 0.001 for Cs‐A group, mean ± SD). We were not able to disclose any significant difference between the two groups regarding the improvement of cornea optical density (p = 0.66). Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR significantly improved in both groups after 30 days of treatment (0.20 ± 0.52, p = 0.002 in prednisolone group, and 0.24 ± 0.31, p < 0.001 in Cs‐A group, mean ± SD). Analysis between groups did not show a significant difference of BCVA improvement (p = 0.45). We did not observe any severe side effect attributable to drugs.ConclusionsCs‐A 2% and prednisolone acetate 1% topical eye drops are effective for treatment of HSK.
Letter: identifying coeliac disease among patients with bloating
Authors: Ellul P. , Zammit C. 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Hujoel et al and Hujoel and Rubio‐Tapia papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14625 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14964.
Effects of maturation and size on population pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its metabolites in very preterm infants with suspected late‐onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study incorporating clinical outcomes
Authors: Salman Sam , Hibbert Julie , Page‐Sharp Madhu , Manning Laurens , Simmer Karen , Doherty Dorota A. , Patole Sanjay , Batty Kevin T. , Strunk Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AimsInfection‐induced inflammation is associated with adverse long‐term outcomes in preterm infants. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a candidate for adjunct immunomodulatory therapy in preterm infants with late‐onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but pharmacokinetic data in this population are extremely limited. This study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of intravenous PTX and its metabolites in preterm infants.MethodAn open label pilot clinical study of intravenous PTX as an adjunct therapy in preterm infants (gestation <32 weeks) with suspected LOS or NEC was undertaken. PTX was infused for 12 h for two days (60 mg kg−1 per 12 h), and in infants with confirmed diagnosis of LOS or NEC, for 6 h for another 4 days (30 mg kg−1 per 6 h). Plasma concentrations of PTX and its principal metabolites from collected blood samples were measured using a validated LCMS assay. NONMEM was used to analyse the data using population pharmacokinetic modelling.ResultsThe preterm infants (n = 26) had a median (range) gestation of 24.8 weeks (23.3–30.4) and birthweight of 689 g (370–1285). PTX was well tolerated and without treatment‐limiting adverse effects. Changes in size (weight) and maturation were successfully modelled for PTX and metabolites. After allometric scaling, clearance increased with postmenstrual age, increasing by approximately 30% per week for PTX and M1 (lisofylline) and simulations of current dosing demonstrated a six‐fold difference in exposure between 24 and 35 weeks postmenstrual age.ConclusionsThe developed model can be used to explore dosing strategies based on size and maturation for preterm infants.
Discontinuation of antidepressants in suicides findings from the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy, 2005‐2014
Authors: Castelpietra Giulio , Bortolussi Luca , Gobbato Michele , Arnoldo Luca , Balestrieri Matteo , Wettermark Bjorn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough continued use of antidepressants (AD) has been found to be associated with a lower risk of suicide, AD discontinuation is reported repeatedly. The aim of this case‐control study, thus, was to assess whether discontinuation to AD was associated with an increased risk of suicide, according to different genders and age groups. The Social and Health Information System of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy, was used to collect data on suicides, diagnoses and AD use from 2005 to 2014. We selected, as cases, all suicides that had at least one prescription of AD in the 730 days before death (N = 876), and we matched with regard to age and sex each case with five controls from the general population. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between suicide and modifications of AD treatment. We found that 70% of suicides and controls from the general population discontinued AD in the 2 years before the index date. In two‐thirds of them, discontinuations were two or more. Discontinuation of AD, however, did not represent a significant risk factor for suicide. More appropriate care of depression, particularly by primary care physicians who widely prescribe AD, should be fostered in order to prevent suicide. However, more research is needed to assess to which extent AD discontinuation can affect suicidal risk.
Polymorphisms associated with fentanyl pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects
Authors: Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Ochoa Dolores , Herrador Coral , Belmonte Carmen , Román Manuel , Alday Enrique , Koller Dora , Zubiaur Pablo , Mejía Gina , Hernández‐Martínez María , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFentanyl is an agonist of the μ‐opioid receptor commonly used in the treatment of moderate‐severe pain. In order to study whether pharmacogenetics explains some of the variability in the response to fentanyl, several genes related to fentanyl receptors, transporters and metabolic enzymes have been analysed. Thirty‐five healthy volunteers (19 men and 16 women) receiving a single 300 μg oral dose of fentanyl were genotyped for 9 polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5), ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1), catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2) by real‐time PCR. Fentanyl concentrations were measured by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Fentanyl pharmacokinetics is affected by sex. Carriers of the CYP3A4*22 allele, which is known to reduce the mRNA expression, showed higher area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and lower clearance (Cl) values. Although this finding might be of importance, its validity needs to be confirmed in other similar settings. Furthermore, carriers of the ABCB1 C1236T T/T genotype presented a lower AUC and higher Cl, as well as lower half‐life (T1/2). As volunteers were blocked with naltrexone, the effect of fentanyl on pharmacodynamics might be biased; however, we could observe that fentanyl had a hypotensive effect. Moreover, ADRB2 C523A A allele carriers showed a tendency towards reducing systolic blood pressure. Likewise, OPRM1 and COMT minor allele variants were risk factors for the development of somnolence. CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 C3435T and ABCB1 G2677T/A were not associated with fentanyl's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile.
Congenital malformations are associated with secondhand smoke among nonsmoking women: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Zan , Xie GuoHong , Yang Tubao , Qin Jiabi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association between active maternal smoking and congenital malformations is well established, but little is known about the association between secondhand smoke and congenital malformations. Moreover, studies regarding the association between congenital malformations and secondhand smoke have not yielded consistent results.MethodsIn July 2018, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and China Biology Medicine databases for observational studies characterizing the relationship between secondhand smoke and congenital malformations of offspring in nonsmoking women. Two reviewers independently decided on whether a study should be included, did data extraction, and assessed study quality. Pooled risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using either the fixed‐effects models or random‐effects models. Further subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential source of heterogeneity and to examine the robustness of risk estimates.ResultsThirty‐three studies with a total of 31 944 cases and 32 335 controls were included. Secondhand smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations (odds ratio = 1.92; 95% confidence interval 1.61‐2.30). Secondhand smoke was correlated with significantly increased risk for digestive system (1.17 [1.05‐1.32]), nervous system (1.74 [1.33‐2.29]), and cardiovascular system (2.10 [1.32‐3.35]) malformations and for oral clefts (1.87 [1.47‐2.39]).ConclusionsSecondhand smoke exposure increases the risk for overall and several organ‐system malformations. These findings highlight the necessity of improving community awareness to prevent secondhand smoke exposure during the preconception and conception periods.
Changing trends in the endourological management of urolithiasis in anomalous kidneys
Authors: Singh Abhishek G. , Jairath Ankush , Balaji Sudharshan S. , Tak Gopal , Ganpule Arvind P. , Vijayakumar Mohankumar , Sabnis Ravindra B. , Desai Mahesh R. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo present our single‐centre experience of urolithiasis management in anomalous kidneys, highlighting the need for an algorithm‐based approach in deciding the appropriate treatment method for each type.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of all the patients who presented to our renal unit with urolithiasis in an anomalous kidney between January 1990 and July 2014. The peri‐operative characteristics of all the patients, along with management approach, were studied.ResultsPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was the most common surgical technique used, followed by flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS). Pain was the most common presentation in these patients. The overall stone clearance rate associated with PCNL and flexible URS was 85.8% in cases of anomalous kidneys in this series. The stone clearance rates in ectopic kidneys, horseshoe kidneys, malrotated kidneys and autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys associated with PCNL and flexible URS were similar: 86%, 88%, 76% and 83%, respectively, and 81.2%, 80%, 92% and 100%, respectively . Based on our results, we developed a stone management algorithm.ConclusionThe management of renal calculi in patients with renal anomalies may vary based on the stone size, location, density, pelvicalyceal system anatomy and drainage. An algorithm‐based approach could help surgeons decide the appropriate treatment in this population.
Prostate cancer mortality rates in Peru and its geographical regions
Authors: Torres‐Roman Junior Smith , Ruiz Eloy F. , Martinez‐Herrera Jose Fabian , Mendes Braga Sonia Faria , Taxa Luis , Saldaña‐Gallo Jorge , Pow‐Sang Mariela R. , Pow‐Sang Julio M. , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mortality rates for prostate cancer according to geographical areas in Peru between 2005 and 2014.Materials and MethodsInformation was extracted from the Deceased Registry of the Peruvian Ministry of Health. We analysed age‐standardised mortality rates (world population) per 100 000 men. Spatial autocorrelation was determined according to the Moran Index. In addition, we used Cluster Map to explore relations between regions.ResultsMortality rates increased from 20.9 (2005–2009) to 24.1 (2010–2014) per 100 000 men, an increase of 15.2%. According to regions, during the period 2010–2014, the coast had the highest mortality rate (28.9 per 100 000), whilst the rainforest had the lowest (7.43 per 100 000). In addition, there was an increase in mortality in the coast and a decline in the rainforest over the period 2005–2014. The provinces with the highest mortality were Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Callao, Lima, Ica, and Arequipa. Moreover, these provinces (except Arequipa) showed increasing trends during the years under study. The provinces with the lowest observed prostate cancer mortality rates were Loreto, Ucayali, and Madre de Dios. This study showed positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I: 0.30, P = 0.01).ConclusionMortality rates from prostate cancer in Peru continue to increase. These rates are higher in the coastal region compared to those in the highlands or rainforest.
Phase II clinical trial of S‐1 plus nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel in untreated patients with metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: He Ming‐ming , Wang Feng , Jin Ying , Yuan Shu‐qiang , Ren Chao , Luo Hui‐yan , Wang Zhi‐qiang , Qiu Miao‐zhen , Wang Zi‐xian , Zeng Zhao‐lei , Li Yu‐hong , Wang Feng‐hua , Zhang Dong‐sheng , Xu Rui‐hua 
Published: October 2018

The present study is the first phase II clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S‐1 plus nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (Nab‐PTX) as first‐line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Previously untreated patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma received S‐1 in oral doses of 40 mg (BSA <1.25 m2), 50 mg (1.25 ≤ BSA < 1.50 m2) and 60 mg (BSA ≥1.50 m2) b.i.d. on days 1‐14 in combination with Nab‐PTX (120 mg/m2, on days 1 and 8) for each 21‐day cycle. Primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity. A total of 73 gastric cancer patients with metastatic and measurable lesions were enrolled in the first‐line setting. Median PFS and OS were 9.63 months and 14.60 months, respectively. Four (5.5%) patients had complete responses, 39 (53.4%) had partial responses (PRs), 21 (28.8%) had stable disease, four (5.5%) progressed and five (6.8%) were not evaluable. ORR and DCR were 58.9% and 87.7%, respectively. Most toxicities were mild, and no treatment‐related deaths occurred. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities occurred in 22 patients (30.1%) as follows: leukopenia (13.7%), neutropenia (12.3%), anemia (5.5%), thrombocytopenia (1.4%), diarrhea (6.8%), vomiting (2.7%), stomatitis (1.4%), peripheral neuropathy (1.4%), and hand‐foot syndrome (1.4%). Seven patients achieved good responses and underwent gastrectomy plus metastasectomy. Thirty (41.1%) patients had S‐1 maintenance with a median of four cycles. S‐1 plus Nab‐PTX is an efficient and safe regimen as first‐line treatment for patients with AGC.
Japanese guidelines for dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Niino Masaaki , Ohashi Takashi , Ochi Hirofumi , Nakashima Ichiro , Shimizu Yuko , Matsui Makoto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, efficacy and safety study ofBG00012 in participants from the Asia–Pacific region and other countries with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (APEX), including Japan, established the efficacy of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in preventing relapses and disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, in December 2016,DMFwas approved as the second oral disease‐modifying drug forMSin Japan. However, the new Japanese guidelines forMSand neuromyelitis optica published in 2017 did not includeDMF. Later, after the committee discussed a guideline forDMF, a supplement of the new guidelines forMSand neuromyelitis optica, which includedDMF, was published in June 2018; this supplement comprised the following four clinical questions: (i) isDMFeffective in preventing relapses in patients withMS?; (ii) isDMFeffective in preventing disease progression in patients withMS?; (iii) how to useDMF?; and (iv) what adverse events doesDMFpossibly cause? Furthermore, the supplement comprised answers to the questions and comments. Overall, this supplement is anticipated to contribute toward the treatment of JapaneseMSpatients withDMF.
Predicting the time needed for environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Westgate Martin J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSystematic reviews (SRs) and systematic mapping aim to maximize transparency and comprehensiveness while minimizing subjectivity and bias. These are time‐consuming and complex tasks, so SRs are considered resource intensive, but published estimates of systematic‐review resource requirements are largely anecdotal. We analyzed all Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) SRs (n= 66) and maps (n= 20) published from 2012 to 2017 to estimate the average number of articles retained at each review stage. We also surveyed 33 experienced systematic reviewers to collate information on the rate at which those stages could be completed. In combination, these data showed that the average CEE SR takes an estimated 164 d (full‐time equivalent) (SD 23), and the average CEE systematic map (SM) (excluding critical appraisal) takes 211 d (SD 53). While screening titles and abstracts is widely considered time‐consuming, metadata extraction and critical appraisal took as long or longer to complete, especially for SMs. Given information about the planned methods and evidence base, we created a software tool that predicts time requirements of a SR or map with evidence‐based defaults as a starting point. Our results shed light on the most time‐consuming stages of the SR and mapping processes, will inform review planning, and can direct innovation to streamline processes. Future predictions of effort required to complete SRs and maps could be improved if authors provide more details on methods and results.