bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles Decrease Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Hao Qi , Gudapati Varun , Monsel Antoine , Park Jeong H. , Hu Shuling , Kato Hideya , Lee Jae H. , Zhou Li , He Hongli , Lee Jae W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EV) can reduce the severity of bacterial pneumonia, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial activity. In the current study, we found that bacterial clearance induced by MSC EV in Escherichia coli pneumonia in C57BL/6 mice was associated with high levels of leukotriene (LT) B4 in the injured alveolus. More importantly, the antimicrobial effect of MSC EV was abrogated by cotreatment with a LTB4 BLT1 antagonist. To determine the role of MSC EV on LT metabolism, we measured the effect of MSC EV on a known ATP-binding cassette transporter, multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 (MRP1), and found that MSC EV suppressed MRP1 mRNA, protein, and pump function in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells in vitro. The synthesis of LTB4 and LTC4 from LTA4 are competitive, and MRP1 is the efflux pump for LTC4. Inhibition of MRP1 will increase LTB4 production. In addition, administration of a nonspecific MRP1 inhibitor (MK-571) reduced LTC4 and subsequently increased LTB4 levels in C57BL/6 mice with acute lung injury, increasing overall antimicrobial activity. We previously found that the biological effects of MSC EV were through the transfer of its content, such as mRNA, microRNA, and proteins, to target cells. In the current study, miR-145 knockdown abolished the effect of MSC EV on the inhibition of MRP1 in vitro and the antimicrobial effect in vivo. In summary, MSC EV suppressed MRP1 activity through transfer of miR-145, thereby resulting in enhanced LTB4 production and antimicrobial activity through LTB4/BLT1 signaling.
Physical activity and aging
Authors: Noakes T. D. 
Published: August 2019

The effects of exercise on aging are discussed under 4 headings viz. whether there is evidence that exercise might delay aging, the physiological and biochemical factors that alter with age, how exercise training influences these factors and ends with advice on how to start exercising at an older age. The author concludes that regular exercise is of great benefit to preserve physical well-being into old age.
Asimetría temporal y partículas elementales
Authors: Lopez Cristian Ariel 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to argue that a temporal asymmetry may be established within the framework of quantum field theory, independently of any violation of CP, and thereby T, in weak interactions, and independently of the property of time reversal invariance that its dynamical equations instantiate. Particularly, I shall argue that the temporal asymmetry can be stemmed from assessing the links between the proper group of symmetries of the theory and the ontology of the theory: arguments applied to establish which elements and magnitudes remain invariants under group transformations can also be used to establish a temporal asymmetry.
Evaluation of the positive predictive value (PPV3) of ACR BI-RADS category 4 and 5 based on the outcomes of Invasive Diagnostic Office
in an outpatient clinic
Authors: Koziełek Krzysztof , Stranz-Walczak Natalia , Gajdzis Paweł , Karmelita-Katulska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe American College of Radiology (ACR) BI-RADS classification is the applicable for breast lesion assessment. BI-RADS categories 4 and 5 need to be followed by biopsy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tissue biopsy-proven positive predictive value (PPV3) for BI-RADS 4 (and its subcategories) and for BI-RADS 5, and BI-RADS distribution, in comparison to ACR assumptions and literature.Material and methodsWe retrospectively analysed biopsies performed in our outpatient clinic in 2017. Our target group of patients consisted of 797 patients at the average age of 52 years.ResultsBI-RADS 5 constituted 12% of cases (95 cases), and BI-RADS 4 88% (698 cases). Within BI-RADS 4 subdivisions there were 359 cases in 4a (45.3%), 215 in 4b (27%), and 124 in 4c (15.6%). Overall PPV3 was 34.8%. BI-RADS 5 category PPV3 number was 97.89%. In category BI-RADS 4 the values of PPV3 equalled 26.22% without subdivision and 3.6%, 27.9%, and 88.7% for subcategories BI-RADS 4a, 4b, and 4c, respectively.ConclusionsBI-RADS categorisation by radiologists in the studied group matches the literature data according to achieved PPV and BI-RADS percentage distribution. The stratification of cancer risk among categories was proven with Mann-Whitney U test p value < 0.005. There was a statistically important unaccepted difference of PPV3 between core biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy, which needs further investigation.
Observationally constrained analysis of sea salt aerosol in the marine atmosphere
Authors: Bian Huisheng , Froyd Karl , Murphy Daniel M. , Dibb Jack , Darmenov Anton , Chin Mian , Colarco Peter R. , da Silva Arlindo , Kucsera Tom L. , Schill Gregory , Yu Hongbin , Bui Paul , Dollner Maximilian , Weinzierl Bernadett , Smirnov Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric sea salt plays important roles in marine cloud formation and
atmospheric chemistry. We performed an integrated analysis of NASA GEOS
model simulations run with the GOCART aerosol module, in situ measurements from the PALMS and SAGA instruments obtained during the NASA ATom campaign, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the AERONET Marine Aerosol Network (MAN) and from MODIS satellite observations to better constrain sea salt in the marine atmosphere. ATom measurements and GEOS model simulations both show that sea salt concentrations over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have a strong vertical gradient, varying up to 4 orders of magnitude from the marine boundary layer to free troposphere. The modeled residence times suggest that the lifetime of sea salt particles with a dry diameter of less than 3 µm is largely controlled by wet removal, followed by turbulent process. During both boreal summer and winter, the GEOS-simulated sea salt mass mixing ratios agree with SAGA measurements in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and with PALMS measurements above the MBL. However, comparison of AOD from GEOS with AERONET/MAN and MODIS aerosol retrievals indicated that the model underestimated AOD over the oceans where sea salt dominates. The apparent discrepancy of slightly overpredicted concentration and large underpredicted AOD could not be explained by biases in the model RH affecting the particle hygroscopic growth, as modeled RH was found to be
comparable to or larger than the in situ measurements. This conundrum could at least partially be explained by the difference in sea salt size distribution; the GEOS simulation has much less sea salt percentage-wise in the smaller particle size range and thus less efficient light extinction than what was observed by PALMS.
Integrating the Principles and Practice of Scholarly Activity Into Undergraduate Medical Education: A Narrative Review and Proposed Model for Implementation
Authors: Matthews Christopher N. , Estrada Danielle C. , George-Weinstein Mindy , Claeson Kerin M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The osteopathic undergraduate medical education standards have evolved over the past 2 decades to require undergraduate medical student participation in research and scholarly activity. The authors’ objective was to review those evolving standards and develop a model for introducing the principles and practice of research that combines core content with experiential learning. They identified fundamental topics pertinent to the research process and herein provide their recommendations for incorporating these topics into the curriculum as self-study, online modules, and team-based and active learning exercises. The authors’ proposed educational model would provide an avenue for osteopathic medical schools to meet the requirements for scholarly activity. Increasing students' and residents' knowledge of the research process will lay the foundation for their engagement is research and scholarly activity and their practice of evidence-based medicine.
Interprofessional Education: Collaboration and Learning in Action
Authors: Felgoise Stephanie H. , Branch Jeffrey , Poole Ashley , Levy Laura , Becker Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Interprofessional education (IPE) is necessary to ensure that future health care professionals are prepared to provide holistic, patient-centered prevention programs, assessments, diagnoses, treatment plans, and chronic illness management in a collaborative manner. Accrediting bodies such as the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation and the American Psychological Association newly require programs to implement instruction and evaluate IPE core competency development in each year of their programs. The IPE core team at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine has designed, implemented, and tested an IPE core course over the past 2 years that includes students in osteopathic medicine, clinical psychology, mental health counseling, and physician assistant programs. Throughout this process, the IPE core team has identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. Cultural considerations, institutional resources, pedagogy for large interdisciplinary groups at different stages of training, and technology and assessment tools for student and course evaluation are all critical considerations.
Profiling the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network to reveal potential crosstalk between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Fangfang , Liang Weiwei , Tang Kejun , Hong Mengying , Qian Jing 
Published: August 2019

Background
Because of the increasing dysplasia rate in the lifelong course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, it is imperative to characterize the crosstalk between IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there have been no reports revealing the occurrence of the ceRNA network in IBD-related CRC.

Methods
In this study, we conducted gene expression profile studies of databases and performed an integrated analysis to detect the potential of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA in regulating disease transformation. R packages were used to screen differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA among CRC, IBD and normal tissue. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on predicted miRNA-targeted lncRNAs and miRNA-targeted mRNAs. Functional analyses were then conducted to identify genes involved in the ceRNA network, and key lncRNAs were evaluated based on several clinical outcomes.

Results
A total of three lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 138 mRNAs were identified as potential mediators in the pathophysiological processes of IBD-related CRC. Gene Ontology annotation enrichment analysis confirmed that the dysplasia process was strongly associated with immune response, response to lipopolysaccharide, and inflammatory response. Survival analysis showed that LINC01106 (HR = 1.7; p < 0.05) were strongly associated with overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. The current study identified a series of IBD-related mRNAs, miRNA, and lncRNAs, and highlighted the important role of ceRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBD-related CRC. Among them, the LINC01106-miRNA-mRNA axis was identified as vital targets for further research.
The influence of online review videos on gross anatomy course performance among doctor of chiropractic students
Authors: Zipay Nicole M. , Roecker Christopher B. , Derby Dustin C. , Nightingale Lia M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective
Technology-enhanced learning is on the rise within healthcare education. This pilot study evaluated the relationship between the use of online review videos and students' performance and satisfaction in gross anatomy.

Methods
For this quasi-experimental study, we developed a series of online gross anatomy review videos, and surveyed students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program regarding use of the videos and their attitudes towards using the videos. Ordinal regression was used to evaluate the relationship between students' video use and course performance and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine whether there was a difference in course performance between students who did and did not report using the review videos.

Results
We received 143 responses to our survey, resulting in a 73.3% response rate. Most students (71%) had engaged with the online review videos. No significant differences in course performance were detected between students who did and did not report using the videos. Many students (82%) reported the review videos as being “helpful” and 73% perceived them as “an enjoyable way to study.”

Conclusion
While chiropractic students perceived a series of online gross anatomy review videos as being an enjoyable and helpful way to study, engagement with this form of technology-enhanced learning did not have an impact on their overall gross anatomy course performance.
Engineering a Nanoscale Al‐MOF‐Armored Antigen Carried by a “Trojan Horse”‐Like Platform for Oral Vaccination to Induce Potent and Long‐Lasting Immunity
Authors: Miao Yang‐Bao , Pan Wen‐Yu , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Wei Hao‐Ji , Mi Fwu‐Long , Lu Ming‐Yen , Chang Yen , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVaccination via the oral administration of an antigen faces many challenges, including gastrointestinal (GI) proteolysis and mucosal barriers. To limit GI proteolysis, a biomimetically mineralized aluminum‐based metal–organic framework (Al‐MOF) system that is resistant to ambient temperature and pH and can act synergistically as a delivery vehicle and an adjuvant is synthesized over a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) to act as armor. To overcome mucosal barriers, a yeast‐derived capsule is used to carry the Al‐MOF‐armored OVA as a “Trojan Horse”‐like transport platform. In vitro experiments reveal that the mineralization of Al‐MOFs forms an armor on OVA that protects against highly acidic and degradative GI conditions. However, the mineralized Al‐MOFs can gradually disintegrate in a phosphate ion‐containing simulated intracellular fluid, slowly releasing their encapsulated OVA. In vivo studies reveal that the “Trojan Horse”‐like transport platform specifically targets intestinal M cells, favoring the transepithelial transport of the Al‐MOF‐armored OVA, followed by subsequent endocytosis in local macrophages, ultimately accumulating in mesenteric lymph nodes, yielding long‐lasting, high‐levels of mucosal S‐IgA and serum IgG antibodies. Such an engineered delivery platform may represent a promising strategy for the oral administration of prophylactic or therapeutic antigens for vaccination.
Osmotic Pumping and Salt Rejection by Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel for Continuous Solar Desalination
Authors: Zeng Jian , Wang Qingyang , Shi Yang , Liu Ping , Chen Renkun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEfficient mass transport and selective salt rejection are highly desirable for solar or thermally driven seawater desalination, but its realization is challenging. Here a new liquid supply mechanism is proposed, i.e., ionic pumping effect, using a polyelectrolyte hydrogel foam (PHF), demonstrated with poly(sodium acrylate) [P(SA)] embedded in a microporous carbon foam (CF). The PHF simultaneously possesses high osmotic pressure for liquid transport and a strong salt‐rejection effect. The PHF is able to sustain high flux of ≈24 L per m2 per hour (LMH), comparable to the evaporative flux under 15 suns, and a salt rejection ratio over 80%. Compared to the porous carbon foam without the polyelectrolyte hydrogel, i.e., with only the capillary pumping effect, the PHF yields a 42.4% higher evaporative flux, at ≈1.6 LMH with DI water and ≈1.3 LMH with simulated seawater under one‐sun condition due to the more efficient ionic liquid pumping. More importantly, thanks to the strong salt‐rejection effect, the PHF shows a continuous and stable solar‐driven desalination flux of ≈1.3 LMH under one‐sun over 72 h, which has not been achieved before. The successful demonstration of both efficient ionic pumping and strong salt rejection effects makes the PHF an attractive platform for sustainable solar‐driven desalination.
Background characteristics and postoperative outcomes of insufficient weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Japanese patients
Authors: Saiki Atsuhito , Yamaguchi Takashi , Tanaka Sho , Sasaki Akira , Naitoh Takeshi , Seto Yasuyuki , Matsubara Hisahiro , Yokote Koutaro , Okazumi Shinichi , Ugi Satoshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Ohta Masayuki , Ishigaki Yasushi , Kasama Kazunori , Seki Yosuke , Irie Junichiro , Kusakabe Toru , Tsujino Motoyoshi , Shimizu Hideharu , Shirai Kohji , Onozaki Akira , Kitahara Aya , Hayashi Karin , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Masaki Takayuki , Nagayama Daiji , Yamamura Shigeo , Tatsuno Ichiro ,   Japanese Survey of Morbid and Treatment‐Resistant Obesity Group (J‐SMART Group)
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming popular in Japan, but insufficient weight loss is often observed in patients after LSG. We investigated the effect of LSG on obesity‐related comorbidities and identified the background characteristics of Japanese patients with insufficient weight loss after LSG.MethodsIn this multi‐institutional retrospective study at 10 certified bariatric institutions, 322 Japanese patients who underwent LSG with a follow‐up period of more than 2 years were analyzed. Anthropometry, obesity‐related comorbidities and psychosocial background data were collected. Weight loss was expressed as 2‐year percent total weight loss (%TWL).ResultsMean age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin were 46.9 years, 119.2 kg, 43.7 kg/m2 and 7.1%, respectively. Prevalence of mental disorders was 26.3%. Mean BMI declined to 30.3 kg/m2 at 2 years and %TWL was 29.9%. Improvements in the markers and prevalence of obesity‐related comorbidities were observed. Remission rates of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension were 75.6%, 59.7% and 41.8%, respectively. %TWL at the respective cut‐off level of diabetes remission was 20.8%. Lower remission rates of diabetes in patients with %TWL <20%, and less calorie restriction and higher prevalence of mental disorders (46.9%) in patients with %TWL <15% were observed. Frequencies of %TWL <15% and <20% were 6.5% and 18.5%, respectively.Conclusion%TWL 20% was a candidate cut‐off point of insufficient weight loss for diabetes remission after LSG, and mental disorders might be relevant to intractable obesity in Japanese patients.
Branching morphology and biomechanics of ivy (Hedera helix) stem‐branch attachments
Authors: Bunk Katharina , Krassovitski Semjon , Speck Thomas , Masselter Tom 
Published: August 2019

PremiseHedera helix is a striking example of a plant with morphological traits and growth habits that vary between juvenile and adult phases. The present study focuses on its branching morphology and variations with age and change in growth habit, based on conspicuous stem‐branch attachments previously described in related Araliaceae species.MethodsWe decorticated and morphologically analyzed 300 samples of ramifications from prostrate, climbing and self‐supporting axes of H. helix. For bending experiments, 103 specimens with the self‐supporting growth habit were collected.ResultsRamifications of H. helix exhibited a so‐called “finger‐like” branching morphology with abaxial branch lobes and varying degrees of fusion of woody strands. Three categories of woody strand coalescence were defined. Biomechanical experiments in which the branches of stem‐branch attachments were bent revealed two main modes of failure, breaking failure in (1) the attachment region and (2) the side branch.ConclusionsCoalescence of woody strands in H. helix ramifications results from accumulation of secondary xylem with age, influenced by mechanical stimuli causing specific loading situations during different growth habits. Mechanical experiments showed the tendency toward failure in the side branch with increasing fusion of woody strands, affected by the diameter ratio of the side branch to the main axis. Of specific interest is the comparison of H. helix branching with tropical Araliaceae, which do not show the described coalescence of woody strands to this extent. Fracture toughness of self‐supporting H. helix axes with merged stem‐branch attachment regions are comparable to other self‐supporting plant species, despite anatomical and ontogenetic differences.
Greater phylogenetic distance from native oaks predicts escape from insect leaf herbivores by non‐native oak saplings
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Vázquez‐González Carla , Encinas‐Valero Manuel , Covelo Felisa , Castagneyrol Bastien , Abdala‐Roberts Luis 
Published: August 2019

PremiseNon‐native plant species have been hypothesized to experience lower herbivory in novel environments as a function of their phylogenetic distance from native plant species. Although recent work has found support for this prediction, the plant traits responsible for such patterns have been largely overlooked.MethodsIn a common garden experiment in northwestern Spain, we tested whether oak species (Quercusspp.) not native to this region that are phylogenetically more distantly related to native species exhibit less insect leaf herbivory. In addition, we also investigated plant traits potentially correlated with any such effect of phylogenetic distance.ResultsAs expected, phylogenetic distance from native species negatively predicted insect leaf herbivory on non‐native oaks. In addition, we found that the leaf traits, namely phosphorus and condensed tannins, were significantly associated with herbivory, suggesting that they are associated with the effect of phylogenetic distance on leaf herbivory on non‐native oak species.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a better understanding of how evolutionary relationships (relatedness) between native and non‐native plant species determine the latter's success in novel environments via locally shared enemies, and encourages more work investigating the plant traits that mediate the effects of phylogenetic distance on enemy escape.
Fire cues trigger germination and stimulate seedling growth of grass species from Brazilian savannas
Authors: Ramos Desirée M. , Valls José F. M. , Borghetti Fabian , Ooi Mark K. J. 
Published: August 2019

PremiseAlthough fire cues (high temperatures and smoke) influence seed germination in numerous species from fire‐prone environments, their effects on seed germination of species from neotropical savannas are poorly understood.MethodsWe exposed seeds of eight grass species from the Cerrado, the Brazilian savanna to heat‐shock (80°C or 110°C for 5 min) and/or smoke water, and then set them to germinate in light or dark, at either summer (28°C/18°C) or winter (27°C/14°C) temperature regimes in an incubator. In addition, we evaluated the effects of smoke water on seedling root and shoot growth for four of the species.ResultsSmoke interacted with the dark treatment to increase germination from 28% to 93% in Aristida recurvata and 77% to 95% in Aristida riparia. Smoke had no effect on germination of either of these species in the light. Heat‐shock alone also promoted seed germination in A. recurvata. For Digitaria lehmanniana, smoke interacted with heat‐shock to improve germination from 5% to 16%. In contrast, the fire treatments did not have any effect on the seed germination of the remaining five species. Smoke water stimulated root growth for A. riparia, A. recurvata, and Ctenium cirrosum but had no effect on their shoot growth.ConclusionsThe strong promotive effect of smoke on Aristida germination suggests that these species are fire‐adapted. Aristida species have an active awn system, which facilitates seed burial, and the smoke and dark interaction would ensure buried seeds germinated post‐fire. The species that showed no response to fire cues may either have adapted via alternative strategies or require different concentrations of smoke or levels of heat. This study is one of very few examples showing a positive germination and seedling growth response to smoke for species from neotropical savannas.