bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon changes as influenced by carbon inputs and previous cropping system
Authors: Smith Elwin G. , Henry Janzen H. , Ellert Benjamin H. 
Published: April 2018

We planted continuous wheat, with and without nitrogen fertilizer, onto a preceding long-term (44 yr) experiment with contrasting cropping systems, and measured soil organic carbon (SOC) after 6 yr. Changes in SOC were driven mostly by cumulative plant C inputs, as influenced by yield response to added nitrogen.
Soil carbon and nitrogen responses to snow removal and concrete frost in a northern coniferous forest
Authors: Patel Kaizad F. , Tatariw Corianne , MacRae Jean D. , Ohno Tsutomu , Nelson Sarah J. , Fernandez Ivan J. 
Published: April 2018

Climate change in northeastern North America is resulting in warmer winters with reduced snow accumulation. Soils under a thin snowpack are more likely to experience freeze–thaw cycles, disrupting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformations. We conducted a 2 year snow removal experiment in Maine to study the effects of soil freezing on soil C and N processes. O horizon soils were sampled during winter and spring of 2015 and 2016, and they were analyzed for labile inorganic N and water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) concentrations, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254), and potential net N mineralization. The winter of 2015 was cold and snowy, whereas 2016 was warm with a shallow, short-term snowpack. Snow removal caused the soils to freeze, but winter rain-on-soil events in 2015 resulted in the formation of concrete frost, as opposed to granular frost in 2016. Concrete frost increased soil ammonium (NH4+-N) and WEOC concentrations and decreased SUVA254, which we attribute to microbial cell lysis. In contrast, granular frost did not alter soil nutrient concentrations, reflecting limited microbial distress. Our study demonstrates that moisture content influences the intensity of soil freezing, highlighting the importance of snowpack depth and winter rain events in regulating winter and spring biogeochemical processes and nutrient availability.
Disclosure of Medical Errors: A Literature Review and the Situation in Turkey
Authors: Yürür Gülkızılca , Ramirez Valdez Kristel P. 
Published: April 2018

Evaluating the efficacy and accuracy of clinical reasoning and distinguishing between complications and medical errors is a difficult task. However, it seems to be an even more difficult task to provide models for systematically reporting and reducing those errors through improvements in the entire web of healthcare delivery.The report “To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System” published in 1999 highlighted the importance of patient safety and proposed some interventions. However, a follow up by the authors of the report in 2005 stated that progress in matters of safer care delivery and improved communications was slow. The interventions proposed include “pay for performance” incentives, implementation of electronic health records, diffusion of safe practices and team training for full disclosure of medical errors to patients following injury.As patients increasingly are consumers, customers and regulatory actors in their own healthcare, it becomes harder to hide medical mistakes in clinical encounters. Explaining why and how the medical error happened, giving informed assurance that the mistake will be avoided in the future and offering sincere apologies to patients and families are skills that need to be taught to medical students as early as the undergraduate level. Those skills are very difficult to teach in the university environment and would be learned more effectively with years of experience. However, structured educational programs focusing in the necessity and components of a good medical error disclosure would improve awareness in the importance of an effective and honest doctor–patient relationship.In this review paper, we compare international literature and examples from Turkey with regard to disclosure of medical errors. The Turkish literature on malpractice cases is rich and most of them point out that medical errors occur because of heavy workloads, insufficient infrastructure and lack of high quality medical education. However, the lack of any papers on medical disclosure to patients in Turkey seems to point out to the big communication gap between patients and doctors, among other reasons. We will address some of the reasons for such lack in Turkey and present recommendations about how to disclose medical errors to patients such as implementation of electronic medical error disclosure systems, education and training, and legislation.
Tsunami hazard from lacustrine mass wasting in Lake Tekapo, New Zealand
Authors: Mountjoy Joshu J. , Wang Xiaoming , Woelz Susi , Fitzsimons Sean , Howarth Jamie D. , Orpin Alan R. , Power William 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Lacustrine-tsunami risk from landslides can be significant yet for most locations globally the hazard remains unquantified. Lake Tekapo, in the tectonically active mountain belt of New Zealand's South Island, has been chosen to develop surveying and modelling techniques to assess the hazard from landslide tsunamis. Lake Tekapo is ideal for this study due to the high sedimentation rates, steep surrounds and the proximity to active faulting that indicate a high landslide potential. The shoreline tourist settlement and hydropower infrastructure mean the impact of any tsunami could be significant. In 2016 a survey was carried out to collect high-resolution (1 m grid) EM2040 multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution seismic reflection data (Boomer and chirp) and 6 m long sediment cores. These data reveal a diverse range of sedimentary processes in response to high sediment input and numerous landslides with varied styles of emplacement. For example, a one-off landslide initiated 40 m above the shoreline with debris deposits that have runout onto the lake floor to 100 m water depth contrasts with the Cass River delta on the western shore that has failed multiple times during the lake-basin infilling history. Landslide-generated tsunami scenarios are used to determine the relative hazard at different regions of the lake to guide development of a probabilistic tsunami model.
Paclitaxel Plasma Concentration after the First Infusion Predicts Treatment-Limiting Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hertz Daniel L. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Vangipuram Kiran , Li Feng , Pai Manjunath P. , Burness Monika , Griggs Jennifer J. , Schott Anne F. , Van Poznak Catherine , Hayes Daniel F. , Lavoie Smith Ellen M. , Henry N. Lynn 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Paclitaxel exposure, specifically the maximum concentration (Cmax) and amount of time the concentration remains above 0.05 μmol/L (Tc&gt;0.05), has been associated with the occurrence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. The objective of this study was to validate the relationship between paclitaxel exposure and peripheral neuropathy.
Experimental Design: Patients with breast cancer receiving paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 × 12 weekly doses were enrolled in an observational clinical study (NCT02338115). Paclitaxel plasma concentration was measured at the end of and 16–26 hours after the first infusion to estimate Cmax and Tc&gt;0.05. Patient-reported peripheral neuropathy was collected via CIPN20 at each dose, and an 8-item sensory subscale (CIPN8) was used in the primary analysis to test for an association with Tc&gt;0.05. Secondary analyses were conducted using Cmax as an alternative exposure parameter and testing each parameter with a secondary endpoint of the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy–induced treatment disruption.
Results: In 60 subjects included in the analysis, the increase in CIPN8 during treatment was associated with baseline CIPN8, cumulative dose, and relative dose intensity (P &lt; 0.05), but neither Tc&gt;0.05 (P = 0.27) nor Cmax (P = 0.99). In analyses of the secondary endpoint, cumulative dose (OR = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.80; P = 0.0008) and Tc&gt;0.05 (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.06–3.01; P = 0.029) or Cmax (OR = 2.74; 95% CI, 1.45–5.20; P = 0.002) were associated with peripheral neuropathy–induced treatment disruption.
Conclusions: Paclitaxel exposure is predictive of the occurrence of treatment-limiting peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving weekly paclitaxel for breast cancer. Studies are warranted to determine whether exposure-guided dosing enhances treatment effectiveness and/or prevents peripheral neuropathy in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3602–10. ©2018 AACR.
Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Burleyson Casey D. , Hagos Samson M. , Feng Zhe , Kerns Brandon W. J. , Kim Daehyun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The characteristics of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events that strengthen and weaken over the Maritime Continent (MC) are examined. The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index is used to assess changes in global MJO amplitude over the MC. The MJO weakens at least twice as often as it strengthens over the MC, with weakening MJOs being twice as likely during El Niño compared to La Niña years and the reverse for strengthening events. MJO weakening shows a pronounced seasonal cycle that has not been previously documented. During the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer and fall the RMM index can strengthen over the MC. MJOs that approach the MC during the NH winter typically weaken according to the RMM index. This seasonal cycle corresponds to whether the MJO crosses the MC primarily north or south of the equator. Because of the seasonal cycle, weakening MJOs are characterized by positive sea surface temperature and moist-static energy anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) of the MC compared to strengthening events. Analysis of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) MJO index (OMI) shows that MJO precipitation weakens when it crosses the MC along the equator. A possible explanation of this based on previous results is that the MJO encounters more landmasses and taller mountains when crossing along the equator or in the SH. The new finding of a seasonal cycle in MJO weakening over the MC highlights the importance of sampling MJOs throughout the year in future field campaigns designed to study MJO–MC interactions.
Occupation-based metacognitive group intervention for older adults experiencing memory problems: Feasibility study
Authors: Rotenberg Shlomit , Maeir Adina 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Subjective memory complaints in older adults are associated with adverse emotions and functional deficits. This feasibility study evaluated an occupation-based metacognitive group intervention for older adults with subjective memory complaints, and examined post-intervention changes on occupational goal attainment and metamemory. Method Twenty-three older adults participated in the study. A quantitative pre-post test design was used, and short qualitative interviews were performed following the intervention. The 15-week intervention used metacognitive methods within an occupation-based approach. Metacognitive learning was embedded in a social leisure book club, and mediation was provided to support attainment of individualized occupational goals in everyday life. Quantitative measures of goal attainment and metamemory were used, as well as qualitative interviews. Findings Most (68%) targeted occupational goals were obtained, with very little transfer to untrained goals. Significant improvements were found in perceived memory ability in daily life. No changes were found regarding memory beliefs or frequency of strategy use. Conclusion The results suggest that this intervention was feasible and has the potential to promote attainment of occupational goals and reduce memory-related mistakes in daily life.
Seizing Opportunities for Markets of Discovery: The Reconfigurations of Value Chains in Pharmaceutical Industry in the Global South
Authors: Pádua Muriela Hinard De , Fontes Margarida , Sousa Cristina 
Published: April 2018

This article investigates whether Asian countries are becoming more active at the discovery stage, a higher stage of the drug development value chain. We conduct the first quantitative study to investigate these countries positioning in drug discovery activities. For this purpose, we draw on a database containing historical information on more than 61,000 drugs, for the period 1994–2015, and extract and analyse data on the drug discovery events in which a selected group of Asian countries were involved. The results show that these countries are increasingly involved in activities of discovery and that, in some of them, these activities are predominantly conducted on drugs owned by local organisations. Along with this process, markets for discovery are being created, both through sub-contracting and through partnerships among local organisations (for their own drugs) and between local and non-local ones. Second, drawing on the strategies and organisational set-ups adopted in each country, we distinguish a number of profiles regarding the ways competences for markets for discovery are being built. Third, we identify the existence of a strong regional centre of competences, acting as a local–global articulation locus for markets of discovery. These results provide new insights into the ways Asian countries are moving up the drug development value chain and contribute to our understanding of the learning processes underway in different contexts and the variety of configurations resulting from these processes, supporting a discussion on the potential role of policies to further expand markets for discovery.
Outcome of trabeculectomy with Ologen versus Mitomycin C: A comparative prospective study in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Bipul Kumer De , Abdullahi Sadiq M , Hassan Zafrul , Kabir Jahangir , Badmus Sarat , Alam Sarwar , Rahman Mostafizur , Malek Mohammad I , Mahatma Mallika 
Published: April 2018

Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy with Ologen versus Mitomycin C in primary glaucoma Materials and methods: This is a prospective study of patients aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with primary glaucoma randomised to having trabeculectomy with Ologen or Mitomycin C. The primary outcome measure was success of trabeculectomy defined as intraocular pressure >5 mmHg but ≤21 mmHg. Complete success was defined as intraocular pressure achieved without anti-glaucoma medication and qualified success was defined as intraocular pressure achieved with additional anti-glaucoma medication. Results: At the end of 12 months follow-up, the postoperative mean intraocular pressure in the Ologen group was 12.8 ± 1.6 mmHg and 13.4 ± 2.2 mmHg in the Mitomycin C group. The Ologen group achieved complete success in 86.5% and qualified success in 13.5% of the patients, while the Mitomycin C group achieved complete and qualified success in 85.5% and 14.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of both the groups ( p = 0.57). Furthermore, no significant intraocular pressure difference was noted between the two groups at the end of 12 months follow-up ( p = 0.14). Conclusion: Trabeculectomy augmented with Ologen appeared to be as successful and safe as trabeculectomy augmented with Mitomycin C, with no reported adverse reaction to Ologen.
Medication errors involving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: results from the 2005–2015 MEDMARX database
Authors: Mohanty Maitreyee , Lawal Oluwadolapo D. , Skeer Margie , Lanier Ryan , Erpelding Nathalie , Katz Nathaniel 
Published: April 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the current magnitude and characteristics of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) errors, and to identify opportunities for improving the PCA modality. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of IV-PCA medication errors submitted to the MEDMARX database. Events were restricted to those occurring in inpatient hospital settings between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015. IV-PCA errors were classified by error category, cause of error, error type, level of care rendered, and actions taken. Results: A total of 1948 IV-PCA errors were identified as potential errors (3.9%), nonharmful errors (89.5%), or harmful errors (6.7%) based on the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention taxonomy for categorizing medication errors. Of these, 19.1% required a clinical intervention to address the deleterious effects of the error, indicating an underestimation of the risks associated with IV-PCA errors. The most frequent types of errors were improper dose/quantity (43.2%) and omission errors (19.9%). While human performance deficit was the leading cause of error (50.2%), other common causes included failure to follow procedure and protocol (42.2%) and improper use of the pump (22.7%). Although remedial actions were often taken to prevent error recurrence, actions were taken to rectify the systemic deficits that led to errors in only a minority of cases (11.8%). Conclusion: Preventable errors continue to pose unnecessary risks to patients receiving IV-PCA. Multimodal analgesic regimens and novel PCA systems that reduce human error are needed to prevent errors while preserving the advantages of PCA for the management of acute pain.
Anatomy of the posterior and middle ethmoidal arteries via computed tomography
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroki , Nomura Kazuhiro , Hidaka Hiroshi , Katori Yukio , Yoshida Naohiro 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomy of the posterior and middle ethmoidal arteries from the viewpoint of an endoscopic sinus surgeon. Methods: Based on 100 computed tomography images, the anatomical position of the posterior ethmoidal artery in relation to the posterior ethmoid cells was classified into five types. The presence of the posterior and middle ethmoidal arteries, their distance from the skull base, and their length exposed in the ethmoid cells were measured. The association of patients’ age and sex, presence of the middle ethmoidal artery, and anatomical type of the posterior ethmoidal artery with the posterior ethmoidal artery distance from the ethmoid roof was analyzed. Results: The posterior ethmoidal artery’s position, relative to the ethmoid cell walls, was most often near the first wall, anterior to the optic canal (92.5%). The posterior ethmoidal artery’s distance from the skull base ranged from 0 to 6.4 mm (mean: 1.2 mm). Older age, longer length of the posterior ethmoidal artery exposed in the ethmoid cells, and absence of the middle ethmoidal artery were positively associated with a longer posterior ethmoidal artery distance from the skull base. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the posterior and middle ethmoidal arteries.
Analysis of adverse events of renal impairment related to platinum-based compounds using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Naganuma Misa , Motooka Yumi , Sasaoka Sayaka , Hatahira Haruna , Hasegawa Shiori , Fukuda Akiho , Nakao Satoshi , Shimada Kazuyo , Hirade Koseki , Mori Takayuki , Yoshimura Tomoaki , Kato Takeshi , Nakamura Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Platinum compounds cause several adverse events, such as nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. We evaluated the incidence of renal impairment as adverse events are related to the administration of platinum compounds using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. Methods: We analyzed adverse events associated with the use of platinum compounds reported from April 2004 to November 2016. The reporting odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was used to detect the signal for each renal impairment incidence. We evaluated the time-to-onset profile of renal impairment and assessed the hazard type using Weibull shape parameter and used the applied association rule mining technique to discover undetected relationships such as possible risk factor. Results: In total, 430,587 reports in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database were analyzed. The reporting odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for renal impairment resulting from the use of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and nedaplatin were 2.7 (2.5–3.0), 0.6 (0.5–0.7), 0.8 (0.7–1.0), and 1.3 (0.8–2.1), respectively. The lower limit of the reporting odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for cisplatin was >1. The median (lower–upper quartile) onset time of renal impairment following the use of platinum-based compounds was 6.0–8.0 days. The Weibull shape parameter β and 95% confidence interval upper limit of oxaliplatin were <1. In the association rule mining, the score of lift for patients who were treated with cisplatin and co-administered furosemide, loxoprofen, or pemetrexed was high. Similarly, the scores for patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus were high. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a potential risk of renal impairment during cisplatin use in real-world setting. The present findings demonstrate that the incidence of renal impairment following cisplatin use should be closely monitored when patients are hypertensive or diabetic, or when they are co-administered furosemide, loxoprofen, or pemetrexed. In addition, healthcare professionals should closely assess a patient’s background prior to treatment.
The impact of a history of cancer on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma survival
Authors: He Xingkang , Li Yue , Su Tingting , Lai Sanchuan , Wu Wenrui , Chen Luyi , Si Jianmin , Sun Leimin 
Published: April 2018

Background and objectivePrevious studies indicated cancer survivors had a higher risk of developing subsequent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the influence of prior cancer on survival outcomes of current pancreatic cancer remains unclear.MethodsEligible populations were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programs from 2000 to 2012. We adopted Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox analysis to compare survival differences between patients with and without prior cancer.ResultsOverall, 67,555 pancreatic cancer patients, including 5582 (8.26%) with and 61,973 (91.74%) without prior cancer, were included. The most common types of prior cancers were prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers. The median time from diagnosis of an initial malignancy to subsequent pancreatic cancer was 59.8 months. Patients with a prior cancer had higher overall one‐year and three‐year survival rates compared with those without a prior cancer. Multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that a history of prior malignancy could independently predict the better overall survival outcome of pancreatic cancer (HR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.89–0.94, p < 0.001), especially for colorectal, breast, corpus uteri and prostate cancer survivors.ConclusionsA history of cancer did not contribute to a poor survival outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer. More prospective trials might be warranted to validate our findings.