bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen and androgen receptor activation contribute to the masculinisation of oxytocin receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats
Authors: Worley Nicholas B. , Dumais Kelly M. , Yuan Jingting C. , Newman Laura E. , Alonso Andrea G. , Gillespie Tessa C. , Hobbs Nicholas J. , Breedlove S. Marc , Jordan Cynthia L. , Bredewold Remco , Veenema Alexa H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxytocin (OT) often regulates social behaviours in sex‐specific ways, and this may be a result of sex differences in the brain OT system. Adult male rats show higher OT receptor (OTR) binding in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pBNST) than adult female rats. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms that lead to this sex difference. First, we found that male rats have higher OTR mRNA expression in the pBNST than females at postnatal day (P) 35 and P60, which demonstrates the presence of the sex difference in OTR binding density at message level. Second, the sex difference in OTR binding density in the pBNST was absent at P0 and P3, but was present by P5. Third, systemic administration of the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant at P0 and P1 dose‐dependently reduced OTR binding density in the pBNST of 5‐week‐old male rats, but did not eliminate the sex difference in OTR binding density. Fourth, pBNST‐OTR binding density was lower in androgen receptor (AR) deficient genetic male rats compared to wild‐type males, but higher compared to wild‐type females. Finally, systemic administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid at P0 and P1 did not alter pBNST‐OTR binding density in 5‐week‐old male and female rats. Interestingly, neonatal ER antagonism, AR deficiency, and neonatal valproic acid treatment each eliminated the sex difference in pBNST size. Overall, we demonstrate a role for neonatal ER and AR activation in setting up the sex difference in OTR binding density in the pBNST, which may underlie sexual differentiation of the pBNST and social behaviour.
Prophylactic use of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing cesarean section: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Liu Siyuan , He Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTranexamic acid (TXA) has been used to treat peripartum hemorrhage, while preoperative use of TXA in cesarean section (CS) remains controversial. To assess the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic application of TXA, a meta‐analysis was performed.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Embase) were searched up to November 2018. The relevant data and quality of included trail were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018111165).ResultsTwenty‐one randomized controlled trials with a total of 3852 patients were included. Only one research reported thromboembolic events. Compared with control groups, the intra‐operative blood loss (mean difference [MD] −155.23 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] −195.64 − 114.81; P<0.01), postoperative blood loss (MD −26.67 mL, 95% CI −32.98 to −20.36; P<0.01), total blood loss (MD −184.88 mL, 95% CI −218.83 to −150.94; P<0.01), transfusion requirements (relative risk [RR] 0.29, 95% CI 0.18−0.49, P<0.01), massive hemorrhage (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.51; P<0.01) and additional uterotonic agents use (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30−0.55, P<0.01) were markedly reduced in TXA‐treated patients. Besides, TXA yielded a significant reduction in hemoglobin drop (MD −0.80 g/dL, 95% CI −1.07 to −0.53; P<0.01) and hematocrit drop (MD −2.05, 95% CI −3.09 to −1.01; P<0.01) compared with control groups.ConclusionProphylactic application of TXA can decrease perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing CS. More high‐quality researches are needed to determine optimal dose of the drug.
HIV Diagnoses and Viral Suppression Among US Women in Rural and Nonrural Areas, 2010–2017
Authors: Nwangwu‐Ike Ndidi , Saduvala Neeraja , Watson Meg , Panneer Nivedha , Oster Alexandra M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen in rural areas face challenges to HIV diagnosis and care, including limited access to testing and treatment facilities. Recent declines in HIV diagnosis rates among women in the United States are encouraging. However, few studies have addressed how HIV diagnosis and care differ by rurality.MethodsWe analyzed National HIV Surveillance System data for women aged ≥13 years with diagnosed HIV infection. We examined diagnoses in the United States during 2010–2017. Then, for women living with diagnosed HIV in 40 jurisdictions with complete laboratory reporting, we assessed viral suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL). Analyses were stratified by rural‐urban category: rural (population <50,000), metropolitan (population 50,000‐499,000), and metropolitan statistical areas (MSA, population ≥500,000).ResultsAmong 64,004 women who received a diagnosis of HIV infection during 2010‐2017, 4.2% resided in a rural area, 15% resided in a metropolitan area, and 80% resided in an MSA. Rural women had the highest percentage of stage 3 infection (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) at diagnosis (rural 30%, metropolitan 27%, MSA 25%). Of 190,735 women living with diagnosed HIV, viral suppression was lower in rural areas (rural 55%, metropolitan 59%, MSA 58%).ConclusionsDuring 2010‐2017, most HIV diagnoses occurred among women residing in nonrural areas. However, women in rural areas had slightly higher levels of late diagnosis and lower levels of viral suppression, which might have resulted from differences in access to testing and treatment services. Interventions are needed to increase HIV testing, care, and viral suppression among women in rural areas.
The functional trait spectrum of European temperate grasslands
Authors: Ladouceur Emma , Bonomi Costantino , Bruelheide Helge , Klimešová Jitka , Burrascano Sabina , Poschlod Peter , Tudela‐Isanta Maria , Iannetta Pietro , Mondoni Andrea , Amiaud Bernard , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Cornelissen Johannes Hans C. , Craine Joseph , Louault Frédérique , Minden Vanessa , Öllerer Kinga , Onipchenko Vladimir , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the functional trait variation of European temperate grasslands and how does this reflect global patterns of plant form and function? Do habitat specialists show trait differentiation across habitat types?LocationEurope.MethodsWe compiled 18 regeneration and non‐regeneration traits for a continental species pool consisting of 645 species frequent in five grassland types. These grassland types are widely distributed in Europe but differentiated by altitude, soil bedrock and traditional long‐term management and disturbance regimes. We evaluated the multivariate trait space of this entire species pool and compared multi‐trait variation and mean trait values of habitat specialists grouped by grassland type.ResultsThe first dimension of the trait space accounted for 23% of variation and reflected a gradient between fast‐growing and slow‐growing plants. Plant height and SLA contributed to both the first and second ordination axes. Regeneration traits mainly contributed to the second and following dimensions to explain 56% of variation across the first five axes. Habitat specialists showed functional differences between grassland types mainly through non‐regeneration traits.ConclusionsThe trait spectrum of plants dominating European temperate grasslands is primarily explained by growth strategies which are analogous to the trait variation observed at the global scale, and secondly by regeneration strategies. Functional differentiation of habitat specialists across grassland types is mainly related to environmental filtering linked with altitude and disturbance. This filtering pattern is mainly observed in non‐regeneration traits, while most regeneration traits demonstrate multiple strategies within the same habitat type.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increased post‐liver transplantation even in recipients with no pre‐existing risk factors
Authors: De Luca Laura , Kalafateli Maria , Bianchi Simone , Alasaker Norah , Buzzetti Elena , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , Thorburn Douglas , O'Beirne James , Patch David , Leandro Gioacchino , Westbrook Rachel , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/aimsPost‐liver transplant (LT) metabolic syndrome (PTMS) and cardiovascular (CVS) mortality are becoming increasingly prevalent following sustained improvements in post‐LT survival. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of PTMS and CVS complications in a cohort of consecutive LT recipients.MethodsWe reviewed prospectively collected data of patients (n = 928) who underwent LT (1995‐2013) and survived at least 1‐year post‐LT or died before that due to a major CVS complication.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 85 months (IQR = 106). The prevalence of PTMS was 22.4% and it developed de novo in 183 recipients (19.7%). A total of 187 (20.2%) patients developed at least one CVS event post‐LT within a median of 49 months (IQR = 85). Overall mortality rate was 22.6% (n = 210). Causes of death were CVS events (n = 45, 21.4%), malignancies (21%), liver‐related deaths (20%) and infections (6.7%). Independent predictors of major CVS events were: documented CVS disease pre‐LT (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 3.330; 95% CI = 1.620‐6.840), DM (HR = 1.120; 95% CI 1.030‐1.220), hypertension (HR = 1.140; 95% CI 1.030‐1.270), dyslipidaemia (HR = 1.140; 95% CI 1.050‐1.240) and creatinine levels at 1 year (HR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.005‐1.013). Among LT recipients without pre‐LT CVS disease or MS components (n = 432), 85 recipients developed ≥1 CVS events (19.7%) with independent predictors being DM (HR = 1.150; 95% CI = 1.010‐1.320), creatinine levels at 1 year (HR = 1.020; 95% CI = 1.010‐1.030) and hypertension (HR = 1.190; 95% CI = 1.040‐1.360).ConclusionsPost‐LT patients are at increased risk of CVS morbidity even in the absence of pre‐existing metabolic risk factors. Renal sparing immunosuppressive protocols might reduce CVS events post‐LT.
Reintroducing beavers Castor fiber to Britain: a disease risk analysis
Authors: Girling Simon J. , Naylor Adam , Fraser Mary , Campbell‐Palmer Róisín 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Eurasian beavers Castor fiber are potential hosts for a range of infectious diseases and parasites, including those typical of common European rodents. A number of infectious organisms are potentially zoonotic and may be notifiable under animal health legislation. The official trial beaver reintroductions to Scotland, the retrospectively licensed releases in England, and the increasingly obvious presence of large numbers of unlicensed illegally released animals have highlighted potential disease risks.

We aimed to conduct a disease risk analysis, based on peer reviewed publications, for selection and health screening of Eurasian beavers prior to release into the wild in Britain.

Adapted from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s ‘Guidelines for Disease Risk Analysis’, a four‐step process was used to formulate a disease risk analysis: 1) problem description; 2) hazard identification based on literature review; 3) risk assessment, which resulted in categorisation of pathogens into low, medium, and high risk; and 4) risk management: identification of mitigating measures, followed by risk re‐evaluation in light of the reported effectiveness of the mitigation measures.

The highest‐risk pathogens identified in the literature review process included: parasites, specifically Cryptosporidium parvum, Echinococcus multilocularis, Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, Giardia spp., Trichinella britovi; bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, Franciscella tularensis, Mycobacterium avium, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp.; a fungus Chrysosporium parvum (Emmonsia parva); and terrestrial rabies virus. Most could be mitigated by sourcing beavers from Britain. The rest could be mitigated by pre‐release testing procedures that are already established.

The risk of introducing significant disease to humans, domestic animals, or wildlife by releasing into the wild in Britain a beaver that was captive‐bred in Britain or a wild beaver from Scotland, based on the current evidence of disease incidence, and assuming the use of robust, peer reviewed, pre‐release health screening techniques, can be viewed as low.
The apelinergic system: a perspective on challenges and opportunities in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders
Authors: Marsault Eric , Llorens‐Cortes Catherine , Iturrioz Xavier , Chun Hyung J. , Lesur Olivier , Oudit Gavin Y. , Auger‐Messier Mannix 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe apelinergic pathway has been generating increasing interest in the past few years for its potential as a therapeutic target in several conditions associated with the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. Indeed, preclinical and, more recently, clinical evidence both point to this G protein–coupled receptor as a target of interest in the treatment of not only cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, or septic shock, but also of additional conditions such as water retention/hyponatremic disorders, type 2 diabetes, and preeclampsia. While it is a peculiar system with its two classes of endogenous ligand, the apelins and Elabela, its intricacies are a matter of continuing investigation to finely pinpoint its potential and how it enables crosstalk between the vasculature and organ systems of interest. In this perspective article, we first review the current knowledge on the role of the apelinergic pathway in the above systems, as well as the associated therapeutic indications and existing pharmacological tools. We also offer a perspective on the challenges and potential ahead to advance the apelinergic system as a target for therapeutic intervention in several key areas.
A cone‐beam computed tomography analysis of angulation and inclination of whole tooth and clinical crown in adults with normal occlusion
Authors: Wang Honghong , Zhao Ning , Li Peilun , Shen Gang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the mesiodistal angulation and faciolingual inclination of whole tooth and clinical crown in Chinese young adults with normal occlusion, by examining CBCT digitalized images.Setting and Sample PopulationForty‐two volunteers, who presented with normal occlusion and without previous orthodontic treatment, were selected for this study.Materials and MethodsThe subjects were advised to take dental CBCT and the digital images of the dentition were obtained. The widely recognized University of Southern California (USC) root vector analysis was adopted to detect the angulation and inclination of the whole tooth, as well as of the clinical crown.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was detected between male and female subjects. The fluctuations of the angulation and the inclination of the whole tooth from anterior to posterior in both arches manifested distinctive trends. The changes in maxillary dentition seem relatively marked, whereas those in mandibular dentition show less obvious, demonstrating moderate fluctuation both in angulation or inclination. The angulation and inclination of clinical crown are obtained and are shown positively correlated with that of each whole tooth.ConclusionsThe normal range of the mesiodistal angulation and faciolingual inclination of whole tooth and clinical crown in Chinese adults with normal occlusion are identified. This study could establish clinical standards for designing 3D dental data‐based orthodontic appliances for Chinese, and for providing the guidance for orthodontic treatment.
Presence of the anther gland is a key feature in pollination of the early‐branching papilionoidsDipteryx alataandPterodon pubescens(Leguminosae)
Authors: Leite V. G. , Mansano V. F. , Pansarin E. R. , Teixeira S. P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presence of glandular appendages in the anthers is a rare condition in angiosperms. In Leguminosae it occurs in species of the Mimosoid clade and in early‐branching clades of papilionoids such as Dipterygeae. In Dipterygeae such appendages surprisingly exhibit a secretory cavity instead of secretory emergences as is the case for the Mimosoid clade. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate the function of anther glands inDipteryx alataandPterodon pubescens, species in the Dipterygeae clade that exhibit a pollen release mechanism that is intermediate between the explosive and valvular types.Flower buds and flowers were processed for surface, anatomical, histochemical and ultrastructural analyses.Anther glands consist of a cavity secreting sticky substances (oleoresins and polysaccharides) that play a key role during the flower's lifespan by aggregating pollen grains and attaching them to the floral visitor's body. Other floral features that are important for understanding the pollen release mechanism that is intermediate between the valvular and the explosive types are: (i) keel petals intertwined with tector trichomes; (ii) glandular appendages in the abaxial and lateral sepals and in petals composed of secretory ducts; and (iii) a continuous secretion process of the anther glands followed by an asynchronous dehiscence of anthers.The well‐adapted papilionoid flag blossom with anther glands and keel petals intertwined with trichomes provided the foundation for a successful canalisation toward a pollen release mechanism intermediate between the explosive and valvular types inside early‐branching papilionoids.
Efficacy of a problem‐solving intervention for the indicated prevention of suicidal risk in young Brazilians: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xavier Alessandra , Otero Patricia , Blanco Vanessa , Vázquez Fernando L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a problem‐solving intervention for the prevention of suicidal risk in Brazilian adolescents with elevated suicidal potential and depressive symptoms.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 100 participants (mean age 17.2 years, 60% women, 46% mixed race), allocated to the problem‐solving intervention (n = 50) or the usual care control group (n = 50). Blinded interviewers conducted assessments at pretreatment, posttreatment, 1, 3, and 6 months of follow‐up. The main outcome was suicidal orientation; secondary outcomes were suicidal risk, suicidal plans and attempts, depressive symptoms, and problem‐solving skills.ResultsAt posttreatment and up to 6‐month follow‐up, there was lower suicidal orientation and suicidal risk in the problem‐solving group compared to the control group. There were lower suicidal plans and attempts (0.0% participants vs 2.2% with a suicide plan and 2.2% with both suicide plan and attempt); risk difference was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01–0.09) and the number needed to treat was 25 (95% CI: 11–70). Significant effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms were found at posttreatment and maintained for 6 months. The change in global and functional problem‐solving skills mediated the reduction in suicide orientation.ConclusionsThus, suicidal risk can be successfully prevented in adolescents.
Viremia and viruria of trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus before the development of clinical disease in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Pierrotti Ligia Camera , Urbano Paulo Roberto Palma , Nali Luiz Henrique da Silva , Romano Camila Malta , Bicalho Camila da Silva , Arnone Marcelo , Valente Neusa Sakai , Pannuti Cláudio Sérgio , David‐Neto Elias , Azevedo Luiz Sérgio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTrichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare disease associated with immunosuppression and induced by a polyomavirus denominated Tricodisplasia Polyomavirus (TSPyV). We report a case of TS 6 months after kidney transplantation in a 65 years‐old woman under immunosuppression therapy with prednisone, mycophenolate and tacrolimus. The patient developed follicular papules on the face with a thickening of the skin and alopecia of the eyebrows, leading to distortion of the face and a leonine appearance characteristic of the disease. The skin biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis and the presence of TSPyV DNA in the skin was detected. Staining for SV40 was positive. Immunosuppression was changed: mycophenolate was withdrawn, tacrolimus reduced and everolimus added. Intravenous cidofovir and later on leflunomide were added. Although the literature has reported clinical success with topical cidofovir, we were unable to use it because this drug is not available. There was an improvement of skin lesions and on cosmetic appearance. The patient had three rejections (one clinically diagnosed and two other biopsy proven), progressed with renal failure and graft loss. Retrospective analysis of stored urine and blood samples detected TSPyV DNA in some of those samples two months before the TS clinical development. This case highlights the TSPyV detection in blood and urine samples before the development of skin lesions.
Effect of time and storage on toxic or pseudo‐toxic change in canine neutrophils
Authors: Bau‐Gaudreault Liza , Grimes Carolyn N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of toxic change in neutrophils is frequently used as a biomarker of inflammation in dogs.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the effect of time and storage on toxic change in canine neutrophils.MethodsOne hundred and fifty microliters of EDTA blood were obtained from eight dogs with no toxic neutrophil changes observed on fresh blood smears (T0). Blood was stored at room temperature (RT), in a box with an icepack (ICE), and at 4°C. For each storage condition, smears were prepared 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 24 (T24) hours post blood draw. Smears were randomized, and each smear was evaluated for the presence of toxic neutrophil change.ResultsA statistically significant effect of time and storage on the presence of toxic neutrophil change was observed. Compared with T0, the number of neutrophils containing Döhle bodies was significantly higher at T8 and T24 for the RT (P < 0.0001) and ICE (P < 0.0001) samples and at T24 for 4°C samples (P < 0.0001). Additionally, smears were falsely classified as having 1+ toxic change in 0/8 (T2), 1/8 (T4), 3/8 (T8), and 8/8 (T24) for RT samples; 0/8 (T2 and T4), 2/8 (T8), and 5/7 (T24) smears for ICE samples; and 0/8 (T2, T4, and T8) and 2/8 (T24) for 4°C samples.ConclusionsSmears can be falsely classified as having neutrophils with toxic change as early as 4 hours post blood draw in samples stored at RT, 8 hours when stored with icepacks, and 24 hours when stored at 4°C. Canine blood smears should be prepared and evaluated for toxic neutrophil change as early as possible.