bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Freestanding Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Film Decorated with N‐Doped Carbon‐Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Zhang Feng , Tabassum Hassina , Li Xin , Li Guo‐Xian , Liu Chang , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoble‐metal free, cost‐effective, and highly stable catalysts with efficient activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. Here, a flexible, self‐standing hybrid film comprising a N‐doped single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network on which are anchored Ni nanoparticles encapsulated by a monolayer of N‐doped carbon (NCNi) is reported. The films are prepared by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition followed by NH3 treatment. The material obtained at optimum conditions shows excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media with low overpotentials of 190 and 270 mV for HER and OER, respectively, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. A current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.57 V is achieved when this freestanding and binder‐free rod‐shaped NCNi/SWCNT assembly is used as cathode and anode in 1 m KOH solution for overall water splitting, presenting one of the best values reported to date.
Deep Learning: A Rapid and Efficient Route to Automatic Metasurface Design
Authors: Qiu Tianshuo , Shi Xin , Wang Jiafu , Li Yongfeng , Qu Shaobo , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tiejun , Sui Sai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces provide unprecedented routes to manipulations on electromagnetic waves, which can realize many exotic functionalities. Despite the rapid development of metasurfaces in recent years, the design process of metasurface is still time‐consuming and computational resource‐consuming. Moreover, it is quite complicated for layman users to design metasurfaces as plenty of specialized knowledge is required. In this work, a metasurface design method named REACTIVE is proposed on the basis of deep learning, as deep learning method has shown its natural advantages and superiorities in mining undefined rules automatically in many fields. REACTIVE is capable of calculating metasurface structure directly through a given design target; meanwhile, it also shows the advantage in making the design process automatic, more efficient, less time‐consuming, and less computational resource‐consuming. Besides, it asks for less professional knowledge, so that engineers are required only to pay attention to the design target. Herein, a triple‐band absorber is designed using the REACTIVE method, where a deep learning model computes the metasurface structure automatically through inputting the desired absorption rate. The whole design process is achieved 200 times faster than the conventional one, which convincingly demonstrates the superiority of this design method. REACTIVE is an effective design tool for designers, especially for laymen users and engineers.
Expanding the Functional Scope of the Fmoc‐Diphenylalanine Hydrogelator by Introducing a Rigidifying and Chemically Active Urea Backbone Modification
Authors: Basavalingappa Vasantha , Guterman Tom , Tang Yiming , Nir Sivan , Lei Jiangtao , Chakraborty Priyadarshi , Schnaider Lee , Reches Meital , Wei Guanghong , Gazit Ehud 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeptidomimetic low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelators, a class of peptide‐like molecules with various backbone amide modifications, typically give rise to hydrogels of diverse properties and increased stability compared to peptide hydrogelators. Here, a new peptidomimetic low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelator is designed based on the well‐studied N‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc‐FF) peptide by replacing the amide bond with a frequently employed amide bond surrogate, the urea moiety, aiming to increase hydrogen bonding capabilities. This designed ureidopeptide, termed FmocPheNHCONHPheOH (Fmoc‐FuF), forms hydrogels with improved mechanical properties, as compared to those formed by the unmodified Fmoc‐FF. A combination of experimental and computational structural methods shows that hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions facilitate Fmoc‐FuF gel formation. The Fmoc‐FuF hydrogel possesses properties favorable for biomedical applications, including shear thinning, self‐healing, and in vitro cellular biocompatibility. Additionally, the Fmoc‐FuF, but not Fmoc‐FF, hydrogel presents a range of functionalities useful for other applications, including antifouling, slow release of urea encapsulated in the gel at a high concentration, selective mechanical response to fluoride anions, and reduction of metal ions into catalytic nanoparticles. This study demonstrates how a simple backbone modification can enhance the mechanical properties and functional scope of a peptide hydrogel.
Do bone geometric properties of the proximal femoral diaphysis reflect loading history, muscle properties, or body dimensions?
Authors: Niinimäki Sirpa , Narra Nathaniel , Härkönen Laura , Abe Shinya , Nikander Riku , Hyttinen Jari , Knüsel Christopher J. , Sievänen Harri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate activity‐induced effects from bone geometric properties of the proximal femur in athletic vs nonathletic healthy females by statistically controlling for variation in body size, lower limb isometric, and dynamic muscle strength, and cross‐sectional area of Musculus gluteus maximus.MethodsThe material consists of hip and proximal thigh magnetic resonance images of Finnish female athletes (N = 91) engaged in either high jump, triple jump, soccer, squash, powerlifting, endurance running or swimming, and a group of physically active nonathletic women (N = 20). Cross‐sectional bone geometric properties were calculated for the lesser trochanter, sub‐trochanter, and mid‐shaft of the femur regions. Bone geometric properties were analyzed using a general linear model that included body size, muscle size, and muscle strength as covariates.ResultsBody size and isometric muscle strength were positively associated with bone geometric properties at all three cross‐sectional levels of the femur, while muscle size was positively associated with bone properties only at the femur mid‐shaft. When athletes were compared to nonathletic females, triple jump, soccer, and squash resulted in greater values in all studied cross‐sections; high jump and endurance running resulted in greater values at the femoral mid‐shaft cross‐section; and swimming resulted in lower values at sub‐trochanter and femur mid‐shaft cross‐sections.ConclusionsActivity effects from ground impact loading were associated with higher bone geometric values, especially at the femur mid‐shaft, but also at lesser and sub‐trochanter cross‐sections. Bone geometric properties along the femur can be used to assess the mechanical stimuli experienced, where ground impact loading seems to be more important than muscle loading.
Extraciliary roles of the ciliopathy protein JBTS17 in mitosis and neurogenesis
Authors: Hong Hyowon , Joo Kwangsic , Park Sang Min , Seo Jimyung , Kim Min Hwan , Shin EunBie , Cheong Hae Il , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Joon 
Published: April 2019

Objective
JBTS17 is a major gene mutated in ciliopathies such as Joubert syndrome and oral–facial–digital syndrome type VI. Most patients with loss of function mutations in JBTS17 exhibit cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and brainstem malformation. However, some patients with JBTS17 mutations show microcephaly and abnormal gyration. We examined potential roles of JBTS17 in neurogenesis to understand the pathological mechanism of JBTS17‐related cortical abnormalities.MethodsWe examined subcellular localization and cell‐cycle–dependent expression of JBTS17 proteins using anti‐JBTS17 antibodies and JBTS17 expression vectors. We also performed knockdown experiments to determined roles of JBTS17 in human cells, and demonstrated mitotic functions of JBTS17 using immunostaining and live imaging. We examined the involvement of JBTS17 in cortical neurogenesis using a mouse in utero electroporation technique.ResultsWe found that JBTS17 localizes to the kinetochore and the level of JBTS17 is regulated by cell‐cycle–dependent proteolysis. Depletion of JBTS17 disrupts chromosome alignment and spindle pole orientation, resulting in mitotic delay. JBTS17 interacts with LIS1 and influences LIS1 localization. Depletion of Jbts17 in the developing mouse cortex interferes with the mitotic progression of neural progenitors and the migration of postmitotic neurons.InterpretationLIS1 is implicated in lissencephaly, but altered dosage of LIS1 has been also associated with microcephaly syndromes. Our results suggest that JBTS17 contributes to mitotic progression by interacting with LIS1, and abnormal mitosis is an underlying mechanism of the microcephaly phenotype in JBTS17‐related ciliopathies. We propose that understanding extraciliary roles of ciliopathy proteins is important to elucidate pathological mechanisms underlying diverse ciliopathy phenotypes. ANN NEUROL 2019
Rotaxane Probes for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by 129Xe HyperCEST NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Klass Sarah H. , Truxal Ashley E. , Fiala Tahoe A. , Kelly Joseph , Nguyen Dang , Finbloom Joel A. , Wemmer David E. , Pines Alexander , Francis Matthew B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of sensitive and chemically selective MRI contrast agents is imperative for the early detection and diagnosis of many diseases. Conventional responsive contrast agents used in 1H MRI are impaired by the high abundance of protons in the body. 129Xe hyperCEST NMR/MRI comprises a highly sensitive complement to traditional 1H MRI because of its ability to report specific chemical environments. To date, the scope of responsive 129Xe NMR contrast agents lacks breadth in the specific detection of small molecules, which are often important markers of disease. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a rotaxane‐based 129Xe hyperCEST NMR contrast agent that can be turned on in response to H2O2, which is upregulated in several disease states. Added H2O2 was detected by 129Xe hyperCEST NMR spectroscopy in the low micromolar range, as well as H2O2 produced by HEK 293T cells activated with tumor necrosis factor.
A Key Intermediate in Copper‐Mediated Arene Trifluoromethylation, [nBu4N][Cu(Ar)(CF3)3]: Synthesis, Characterization, and C(sp2)−CF3 Reductive Elimination
Authors: Lu Zehai , Liu He , Liu Shihan , Leng Xuebing , Lan Yu , Shen Qilong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and C(sp2)−CF3 reductive elimination of stable aryl[tris(trifluoromethyl)]cuprate(III) complexes [nBu4N][Cu(Ar)(CF3)3] are described. Mechanistic investigations, including kinetic studies, studies of the effect of temperature, solvent, and the para substituent of the aryl group, as well as DFT calculations, suggest that the C(sp2)−CF3 reductive elimination proceeds through a concerted carbon–carbon bond‐forming pathway.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a phosphoserine aminotransferase involving l‐serine synthesis from silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Haque Mohammad R. , Hirowatari Aiko , Koyanagi Ayumi , Ichinose Takashi , Abiru Maiko , Mohri Shinya , Furuya Shigeki , Yamamoto Kohji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we identified and characterized a phosphoserine aminotransferase (bmPSAT) from Bombyx mori (B. mori) that is responsible for l‐serine biosynthesis. A complementary DNA that encodes bmPSAT was cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction and sequenced. The presumed amino acid sequence revealed 47–87% identity with known PSATs from insects, humans, plants, and bacteria. Through phylogenetic analysis, we found that bmPSAT is evolutionary related to insect PSATs. Recombinant bmPSAT was produced in Escherichia coli by using a cold‐shock promotor and purified to homogeneity. This enzyme utilizes phosphohydroxypyruvate and glutamate for transamination. bmPSAT messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed at higher levels in several tissues of standard strain silkworm including the silk gland, whereas a sericin‐deficient silkworm strain exhibited a diminished expression of bmPSAT mRNA in the silk gland. These findings indicate that bmPSAT may play an important role in synthesizing and supplying l‐serine in the larva of B. mori.
Neural substrates of self‐ and external‐preoccupation: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Ikeda Shigeyuki , Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Nouchi Rui , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Nakagawa Seishu , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Iizuka Kunio , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Sakaki Kohei , Nozawa Takayuki , Yokota Susumu , Magistro Daniele , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐ and external‐preoccupation have been linked to psychopathological states. The neural substrates underlying self‐ and external‐preoccupation remain unclear. In the present study, we aim to provide insight into the information‐processing mechanisms associated with self‐ and external‐preoccupation at the structural level.MethodsTo investigate the neural substrates of self‐ and external‐preoccupation, we acquired high‐resolution T1‐weighted structural images and Preoccupation Scale scores from 1,122 young subjects. Associations between regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and Preoccupation Scale subscores for self‐ and external‐preoccupation were estimated using voxel‐based morphometry.ResultsSignificant positive associations between self‐preoccupation and rGMV were observed in widespread brain areas such as the bilateral precuneus and posterior cingulate gyri, structures known to be associated with self‐triggered self‐reference during rest. Significant negative associations between external‐preoccupation and rGMV were observed only in the bilateral cerebellum, regions known to be associated with behavioral addiction, sustained attention, and reward system.ConclusionOur results reveal distinct neural substrates for self‐ and external‐preoccupation at the structural level.
Fulvestrant in the treatment of hormone receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative advanced breast cancer: A review
Authors: Li Junjie , Wang Zhonghua , Shao Zhimin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNearly 75% of breast cancers are hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2‐negative (HER2−), making endocrine therapy the mainstay of treatment for HR+ and HER2− combination. Although endocrine therapy, such as therapy with fulvestrant, is widely used in the clinic, endocrine resistance (primary or secondary) is inevitable and poses a serious clinical concern. However, the therapeutic landscape of HR+/HER2− breast cancer is rapidly changing and evolving. In recent years, molecular insights into the genome of HR+/HER2− breast cancer have helped to identify promising targets, such as alterations in signaling pathways [phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)], dysregulation of the cell cycle (CDK4/6), and identification of new ESR1 mutations. These insights have led to the development of newer targeted therapies, which aims at significantly improving survival in these patients. This review summarizes the role and rationale of fulvestrant when used as a monotherapy or in combination with targeted therapies in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. We also discuss other novel agents and potential future combination treatment options.
Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction over a Wide pH Range
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Wang Xingkun , Zhao Bolin , Shao Xin , Huang Minghua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNonprecious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts with low cost, high activity, and stability are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, an economical and easy‐to‐fabricate catalyst is developed, that is, Fe/Fe3C embedded in N‐doped hollow carbon spheres (Fe/Fe3C/NHCS), which gave the half‐wave potential of 0.84 V in 0.1 m KOH, similar to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Surprisingly, the favorable ORR performance of the as‐prepared catalyst was obtained in both acidic and neutral conditions with almost a four‐electron pathway and low H2O2 yield, which desirable the development of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology. Additionally, the obtained catalyst demonstrated better long‐term stability and high methanol tolerance over a wide range of pH. These features could be mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe/Fe3C and Fe‐Nx sites, the hollow structure with mesopores, and the well‐dispersed Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles owing to the existence of the abundant hydrophilic groups within the HCS precursor. As such, designing an efficient and cheap ORR catalyst that can operate at alkaline, acidic, and neutral solutions is highly desirable, yet challenging.
Come Dance With Me: Transformative Changes in the Science and Practice of Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin 
Published: April 2019

The past 2 decades have witnessed transformative changes in our approach to drug–drug interactions (DDIs) from scientific research to clinical practice. Collaborative cooperation across the sectors of academia, pharmaceutical industry, providers of translational research tools and services, global regulatory agencies, and healthcare providers has created and galvanized a science‐informed and patient‐centered approach. Multidisciplinary innovations in mechanistic assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), population pharmacology and pharmacogenetics, physiologically based modeling, and regulatory science have enabled a profound shift in mindset from risk aversion to informative prescribing guidance for optimal risk management. Foundational to this transformation is a commitment to maximizing the value of innovative therapeutics for all patients and across clinical contexts of use through rational knowledge management and translation based on the totality of best available evidence, thereby removing the void that can lead to arbitrary decisions in clinical therapeutics.
A Realistic Review of the Drug‐Injury Relief System in Taiwan: Challenges, Lessons, and Achievements
Authors: Chen Wen‐Wen , Chien Mei‐Yi , Wu Wan‐Lun , Chiou Mu‐Han 
Published: April 2019

The drug‐injury relief system in Taiwan was implemented 20 years ago with the goal of providing timely relief for drug injuries incurred by the proper use of legal drugs. This system utilizes a nonlitigation expert review process to evaluate drug‐injury relief applications, and 2,732 applications have been reviewed from 1999−2016. Of these, 1,572 applications received relief payments, an approval rate of 58%. Average review timeframes per application have decreased from 248 days (2003–2011) to 182 days (2012–2016). Most adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for approved cases involved skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (67%), with allopurinol being the primary culprit drug. A recent decline observed for such ADRs may reflect the influences of promotional activities and policy initiatives carried out according to informed analysis from drug‐injury relief applications, which suggests that the drug‐injury relief system can also play an important public health role in enhancing drug safety.
The impact of maternal stress on infant alpha‐amylase is buffered by high infant regulation and low infant negative reactivity
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Kamin Hayley S. , Kurtevski Sara , Kelly Maria , Kertes Darlene A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examined the main and interactive effects of maternal perceived stress and infant temperament—surgency, negative affectivity, and orienting/regulation—on infant salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) responses to stress. Saliva samples were collected prior to and following two naturalistic stressors: maternal separation conducted at 9 months and blood draw/immunizations conducted at 12 months. sAA area under the curve (AUC) was computed to determine response of the sympathetic nervous system to each stressor. Results revealed significant interactions of maternal stress and infant negative affectivity and orienting/regulation with sAA AUC. Relations between maternal stress and infant sAA AUC were stronger among infants with higher levels of negative affectivity and lower levels of orienting/regulation. These results highlight the need to examine both infant characteristics and environmental factors when investigating the development of stress response systems.
Alterations in Cortical Morphology after Neonatal Stroke: Compensation in the Contralesional Hemisphere?
Authors: Al Harrach Mariam , Rousseau François , Groeschel Samuel , Wang Xiaoyu , Hertz‐pannier Lucie , Chabrier Stéphane , Bohi Amine , Lefevre Julien , Dinomais Mickael ,   on behalf of the AVCnn group
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough neonatal arterial ischemic stroke is now well‐studied, its complex consequences on long‐term cortical brain development has not yet been solved. In order to understand the brain development after focal early brain lesion, brain morphometry needs to be evaluated using structural parameters. In this work, our aim was to study and analyze the changes in morphometry of ipsi‐ and contralesional hemispheres in seven‐year‐old children following neonatal stroke. Therefore, we used surface‐based morphometry in order to examine the cortical thickness, surface area, cortical volume, and local gyrification index in two groups of children that suffered from neonatal stroke in the left (n = 19) and right hemispheres (n = 15) and a group of healthy controls (n = 30). Reduced cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical volumes were observed in the ipsilesional hemispheres for both groups in comparison with controls. For the group with left‐sided lesions, higher gyrification of the contralesional hemisphere was observed primarily in the occipital region along with higher surface area and cortical volume. As for the group with right‐sided lesions, higher gyrification was detected in two separate clusters also in the occipital lobe of the contralesional hemisphere, without a significant change in cortical thickness, surface area, or cortical volume. This is the first time that alterations of structural parameters are detected in the “healthy” hemisphere after unilateral neonatal stroke indicative of a compensatory phenomenon. Moreover, findings presented in this work suggest that lesion lateralization might have an influence on brain development and maturation.