bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Cuneiform Opening-Wedge Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Ahuero Jason S. , Kirchner John S. , Ryan Paul M. 
Published: February 2019

Background: While proximal first metatarsal osteotomy combined with distal soft tissue realignment is accepted as standard treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus with metatarsus primus varus, none of the described proximal metatarsal osteotomies address the hyper-obliquity of the first metatarsocuneiform joint. An opening-wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform can potentially correct the 1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA) in addition to normalizing the hyper-obliquity of the first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the early radiographic and clinical results of the use of a medial cuneiform opening-wedge osteotomy fixed with a low-profile wedge plate combined with distal soft tissue realignment for the treatment of hallux valgus. Methods: Fourteen feet (13 patients; 2 male and 11 female, average age 56 years, range 22-75) with hallux valgus underwent an opening-wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform fixed with a low-profile nonlocking wedge plate combined with distal soft tissue realignment. The mean preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) was 32 degrees and the IMA was 16 degrees. HVA, 1-2 IMA, proximal first metatarsal inclination (PFMI), and presence of osteoarthritis of the first TMT joint were assessed on preoperative and final postoperative radiographs. Final postoperative radiographs were also evaluated for radiographic union and hardware failure at an average of 7 months (range, 3-19 months) postoperatively. Results: A mean intraoperative correction of 19 degrees and 7 degrees was achieved for the HVA and IMA, respectively. The mean HVA was 22 degrees and the mean IMA was 11 degrees at the time of final follow-up. At final follow-up, a recurrence of the deformity was observed in 12/14 feet. There were 2 nonunions—one plate failure and one screw failure. No first TMT joint instability or arthritis was observed. All patients were ambulatory without assistive device in either fashionable or comfortable shoe wear. Conclusion: Medial cuneiform opening-wedge osteotomy resulted in unreliable correction of HVA and IMA at short-term follow-up with a high rate of early recurrence of hallux valgus deformity and a complication rate similar to that of the Lapidus procedure. This procedure cannot be recommended for addressing hallux valgus in the setting of increased obliquity of the first TMT joint. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
A Comparison of Wound Complications With Surgical Treatment of Achilles Tendon Conditions Using 2 Surgical Approaches
Authors: Hippensteel K. J. , Johnson Jeffrey , McCormick Jeremy , Klein Sandra 
Published: February 2019

Background: Wound complications are a concern with the open treatment of Achilles tendon conditions. The location of the incision may impact the risk of wound complications because of its relationship to the blood supply to the skin. There is no consensus as to the safest incision location. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the rates of sural nerve injury and wound complications including superficial or deep infections and wound dehiscence between posterior midline and posteromedial surgical incision locations. Methods: 125 patients with Achilles tendon rupture or Achilles tendinopathy were treated with open surgery through a longitudinal posterior midline or posteromedial incision. An L-shaped incision was used in the posteromedial group for cases of insertional repair. Postoperative complications including sural nerve injuries, superficial wound complications, superficial infections, deep wound infections, return to the operating room, and need for soft tissue coverage were recorded and rates were compared between the groups. Results: No significant differences were detected between the posteromedial and posterior incision groups in rates of sural nerve injuries, superficial infection, or deep wound infection. The posterior incision group had significantly fewer wound complications. The wound complications in the posteromedial group primarily occurred when an L-shaped incision was used for insertional repair. No patients in either group required debridement or soft tissue/flap coverage. Conclusion: The posterior incision location had significantly fewer wound complications. The use of an L-shaped incision was likely responsible for the wound complications in this group rather than the location of the incision. The use of a medial incision was not found to decrease the rate of sural nerve injury. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Antimicrobial resistance surveillance among gram-negative bacterial isolates from patients in hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Elbadawi Hana Salaheldin , Elhag Kamal Mustafa , Mahgoub Elsheikh , Altayb Hisham N. , Abdel Hamid Muzamil Mahdi 
Published: February 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among gram-negative bacilli is a global health problem. Surveillance of AMR is required to advise on empirical antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency and the AMR patterns of gram-negative isolates from patients treated in eight hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted over a 6 months period at the Microbiology Department, Soba University Hospital- Khartoum State, Sudan. All gram-negative isolates from blood, urine, wound, and sputum during the period of study were included. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out for all isolates. Results: A total of 734 Gram-negative bacilli were isolated. Klebsiella pneumoniae (249 isolates, 34%) was the most frequently encountered one, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (153 isolates, 21%), E.coli (123 isolates, 17%), Acinetobacter baumannii (75 isolates, 10%), Burkholderia cepacia (42 isolates, 6%), Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris (28 isolates, each, (4%) Enterobacter colecaes (28 isolates, 4%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21 isolates, 2.8%), and other gram-negative bacilli (15 isolates, 2.2%) The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns showed that 134 (22.3%) isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor, quinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. Conclusion: This high level of resistance among gram-negative bacilli in Khartoum state hospitals is alarming. The local health authorities should be prompted to step up infection control programs and introduce the concept of antimicrobial stewardship in Khartoum State hospitals.
The effect of individual and mixed rewards on diabetes management: A feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Miranda J. Jaime , Lazo-Porras María , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Pesantes M. Amalia , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Cornejo Socorro del Pilar , Trujillo Antonio J. 
Published: February 2019

Background:Incentives play a role in introducing health-related benefits, but no interventions using mixed incentives, i.e. a combination of individual and group incentives, have been tested in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the feasibility of implementing individual- and mixed-incentives, with and without a supportive partner, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control and weight loss among patients with T2DM.Methods:This is a feasibility, sex-stratified, single-blinded, randomized controlled study in individuals with T2DM. All participants received diabetes education and tailored goal setting for weight and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Participants were randomly assigned into three arms: individual incentives (Arm 1), mixed incentives-altruism (Arm 2), and mixed incentives-cooperation (Arm 3). Participants were accompanied by a diabetes educator every other week to monitor targets, and the intervention period lasted 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c at 3 months from baseline. Weight and change body mass index (BMI) were considered as secondary outcomes.Results:Out of 783 patients screened, a total of 54 participants, 18 per study arm, were enrolled and 44 (82%) completed the 3-month follow-up. Mean baseline HbA1c values were 8.5%, 7.9% and 8.2% in Arm 1, Arm 2, and Arm 3, respectively. At 3 months, participants in all three study arms showed reductions in HbA1c ranging from -0.9% in Arm 2 to -1.4% in Arm 1. Weight and BMI also showed reductions.Conclusions:Individual and mixed cash incentives show important reductions in HbA1c, weight and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 3 months. Recruitment and uptake of the intervention were successfully accomplished demonstrating feasibility to conduct larger effectiveness studies to test individual and mixed economic incentives for diabetes management.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02891382
No effect of tranexamic acid on platelet function and thrombin generation (ETAPlaT) in postpartum haemorrhage: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Dallaku Kastriot , Shakur-Still Haleema , Beaumont Danielle , Roberts Ian , Huque Sumaya , Delius Maria , Holdenrieder Stefan , Gliozheni Orion , Mansmann Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

Background:Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. The WOMAN trial showed that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces death due to bleeding in women with PPH. To determine whether TXA has pro-thrombotic effects in women with PPH, we measured endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), coagulation factors V, VIII, von Willebrand (vW), fibrinogen, D-Dimers and platelet function.Methods: We conducted a sub-study within the WOMAN trial, an international randomized, parallel-group, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women with primary PPH were randomly allocated to receive 1 gram of tranexamic acid or matching placebo. Baseline blood samples were collected just prior to the first dose and a follow up sample was collected 30±15 minutes afterwards. We compared before and after changes in coagulation parameters between treatment groups using repeated measurement ANOVA. Change in ETP was the primary outcome. We did an intention-to-treat analysis using ANCOVA with adjustment for baseline and the time interval between the blood samples.Findings:A total of 187 patients were randomized to receive TXA (n=93) or matching placebo (n=94). Six patients were excluded due to incomplete data. The reduction in ETP from baseline to follow up was 43.2 nM*min (95%CI, -16.6 to 103.1) in the TXA group and 4.6 nM*min (95%CI, -51.4 to 60.6) in the placebo group. The difference was not statistically significant (95%CI, -42.9 to 120). There were no significant effects of TXA treatment on any other parameters (ADPtest, TRAPtest, coagulation factors activity, fibrinogen levels, D-Dimer level).Conclusion:We found no evidence that tranexamic acid treatment for PPH has substantial pro-coagulant effects. However, larger studies are needed to confirm or refute more modest effects.Trial registration:ISRCTN76912190(initially registered 10/12/2008, WOMAN-ETAPlat included on 28/10/2013) andNCT00872469(initially registered 31/03/2009, WOMAN-ETAPlat included on 28/10/2013).
A taste of home: Emotional transnationalism and China Lion Film Distribution in the United States
Authors: Soe Valerie 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Between 2010 and 2015, China Lion Film Distribution released 55 Chinese-language films in North America on the same day as the films were released in the People’s Republic of China. In 2014, China Lion hit its stride, with a string of seven films that each grossed more than US$100,000 in limited release in North America. By marketing Chinese-language films in the United States to Chinese transmigrant communities rather than to mainstream US audiences, China Lion takes advantage of the emotional transnationalism of Chinese Americans, bringing them a recognizable taste of ‘Home’ in their new place of residence. This article looks at the ways in which China Lion’s recent releases in US multiplexes differ from past attempts to bring Chinese and Hong Kong cinema to North America. China Lion’s success reflects China’s rapidly expanding film industry and the growing relationship between China, Hollywood and the global film market at large, and also reflects the changing demographics of the twenty-first-century Chinese American community.
Leukocentric Hollywood: Whitewashing, Alohagate and the dawn of Hollywood with Chinese characteristics
Authors: Magnan-Park Aaron Han Joon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Hollywood’s long-standing practice of leukocentrism is condemned as a false and outdated adherence to an aspect of commercial determinism whereby whitewashing a film is held to ensure its profitability, universality, popularity and social meaningfulness, especially when it involves Asian and Asian American characters. Criticism of this practice came to a head in what became known as ‘Alohagate’, which started with the miscasting of Emma Stone in Aloha (2015) and continued with Doctor Strange (2016), Birth of the Dragon (2016) and plans for the live action version of Disney’s animated Mulan (2020 forthcoming). Asian American filmmakers protested via their #WhiteWashedOut Twitter campaign and drew attention to the targeting of Asians for racist jokes at the 2016 Oscars. The Hollywood response is one of innocent ignorance, which only highlights rather than dispels the deep-rootedness of leukocentrism. These individuals are identified as hūpō haole, Hawaiian for ‘clueless Caucasian/foreigner’, who are granted an opportunity to become enlightened by abandoning their leukocentric bias.
Masculinity, melodrama and quality TV: Reviewing La piovra
Authors: Bauman Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The renowned Italian television series La piovra is known as the first important televisual intervention on the Mafia, but its aesthetic and thematic contributions to contemporary programming are often forgotten in television scholarship. This article positions La piovra in the development of the current trend of ‘quality’ television series by focusing on the show’s exploration of the subgenre of male melodrama. Through an analysis of the two primary characters, the hero Corrado Cattani and the villain Tano Cariddi, we can see how La piovra is not just an exposé of organized crime but is also a complex meditation on the vulnerability of Italian masculinity in a time of gender upheaval in 1980s Italy. It is this particular thematic concern, rather than organized crime, that likens La piovra to the current wave of male-themed quality television series and makes a critical re-evaluation of the series so timely.
Can childhood trauma impact the adult voice through the brain?
Authors: Monti Elisa , Sidtis Diana Van Lancker 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There is considerable evidence that childhood trauma can affect the whole brain. In a related perspective, studies on brain and voice suggest that it takes a whole brain to produce a voice. Indeed, phonation is highly interconnected with activity at all cerebral levels, from brainstem to cortex, and within all cerebral systems, including limbic, motor, sensorial and cognitive. The authors of this article inquire whether and to what extent it is possible that childhood trauma has an effect on the voice through its influence on the brain. We specifically propose that childhood abuse and neglect could potentially affect voice quality in the adult individual through its effects on brain function leading to measurable physiological sequelae. Findings from voice studies are reviewed to support this proposal.
Analysing the advantages of Aristotle’s two-act structure in comparison with Syd Field’s three-act structure in short comedic animation scriptwriting
Authors: Khalili Sara 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article investigates Aristotle’s two-act structure as an alternative for short comedic animation scriptwriting, and examines its advantages in comparison with Syd Field’s three-act structure. In this study, I am more interested in independent short form animation that finds comedy in dramatic situations, rather than being directly constructed as a series of gags. In certain cases, the three-act structure has been attributed to Aristotle. However, as Tierno implies, Aristotle merely suggests a two-act structure in his Poetics, consisting of complication and denouement, which has similarities to and even overlaps with Syd Field’s three-act structure (set-up, confrontation, resolution), so that they have been assumed to be identical by mistake. Meanwhile, there are subtle differences between the two structures, which will be separately discussed in this article. The three-act structure is widely used in Hollywood live-action and animation features. It is also applicable in short scripts but it sometimes appears to encumber, especially in very short animations. A short animation scenarist, who tries to be as minimal as possible, may not want to sacrifice the clarity of the story for the sake of this brevity. By applying an adaptive approach with an analytical-descriptive method, the present article shows how, in Aristotle’s two-act structure, it is possible to create a structured story in the shortest possible form by omitting the ‘set-up’ section and stepping into the heart of the story. The findings of the study reveal that the two-act structure could be a suitable alternative for comedic plots in which stereotypical characters appear as protagonists and the audience is not expected to spend much time building deep identification with them.
How to write a screenplay with a chainsaw
Authors: Tupicoff Dennis 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The idea for Chainsaw began in two newspaper obituaries steeped in romanticism, anthropomorphism and death. One celebrated the life of an Australian rodeo bull called Chainsaw, the other a Spanish bullfighter. Subsequent research linked to other subjects, from the dangers of chainsaws to Hollywood sex triangles and more: all non-fiction and all, apparently, far from animation. In Chainsaw rotoscoped animation is reality; archival B&W footage is used ironically in the Hollywood dreams and nightmares of the fictional characters. The chainsaw itself is a powerful metaphor for a type of story and a narrative structure. The fictional and non-fictional stories are linked in various ways, set in motion by human drives and desires, cutting through space and time and through the characters’ lives. An old chainsaw safety video provides us with the fictional couple Frank and Ava Gardner, seen then and now, as they move to a bloody denouement. The ‘real’ worlds of bullfighting, rodeo and Hollywood – strange ceremonies devised for entertainment – are saturated in fantasy and romance. In the natural world there is the collateral killing of which humans are unaware. But the trees and beasts and birds will endure after all the human drama and romance are played out.
Screenwriting animation in the essay film: The challenges presented by silenced history
Authors: Turina Romana 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article explores the use of animation in the essay film and analyses how screenwriting animation becomes a complex process of translation of the message the film wishes to address. With a focus on issues encountered in the development of two short essay films, Lunch with Family (2016) and San Sabba (2016), the article maps the process that in both cases guided the scripting of animated sequences, and analyses why in the editing room the director chose to use stills from the animations, instead. An example of the narrative techniques applied to mediate silenced history and postmemory in film, this contribution intends to add to the larger discussion on the current state of the art in screenwriting non-fiction.
Libtard gungrabbers and #PewPewLife: Multiple realities in a political issue-centric forum
Authors: Gilpin Dawn R. , Thornton Leslie-Jean 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The image-sharing social media platform Instagram has become a site for political discourse that combines visual and textual elements. These political conversations often take place in the form of memes or popular graphic sentiments intended for redistribution. Scholars have identified memes as markers of subcultural knowledge that may be used to reinforce beliefs and norms, define social boundaries and disparage outgroups. Gun rights activism in the United States has intensified in an increasingly partisan environment. We examined memes shared via Instagram to popular gun culture hashtags between June 2016 and February 2018. Insofar as memes act as vehicles for subcultural beliefs and values, here they may be seen as representing multiple realities from the perspective of Second Amendment enthusiasts: descriptions of their perceived reality, justifying the need for guns and conservative political positions; the construed reality of what the meme creators and sharers believe to be liberal attitudes; and the aspirational reality of a world that offers unobstructed support for their priorities. In other words, these memes can collectively be said to represent both the truth about the world, as seen by these users, and cultural messages to set power differentials and identity boundaries with Others.
Queer temporalities in Mariana Rondón’s Pelo malo/Bad Hair (2013)
Authors: St-Georges Charles 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Sometimes criticized for the film’s emphasis on delay and ‘dead time’, the present analysis suggests a reading of the seemingly stagnant plot-line of Mariana Rondón’s Pelo malo/Bad Hair (2013) as an effective rhetorical strategy for interpellating viewers into the ‘sideways’ time of queer childhood – a theoretical framework established by Kathryn Bond Stockton – to explore the intersectional processes at work in the subject formation of Junior, the film’s 9-year-old Afro-Venezuelan protagonist. In contrast to most contemporary Latin American films with child protagonists that serve as embodiments of history, Rondón refuses viewers this temporal distance to depict a child undergoing ghostly erasure by the patriarchal mechanisms that dictate the terms of a nation’s history and citizenship.
The villero cinema of César González
Authors: Gordon Rocio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the cinema of César González, a filmmaker born and raised in a villa miseria (shantytown) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Thanks to digital film technology, González has been able to make his own films in and of the slums without external mediations. This article examines how his films can be thought of as a ‘line of flight’ or escape from the dominant representations of marginalized sectors of society. Using digital technology, in general, and long takes, more specifically, González creates cinematic experiences in which the villero (the slum dweller) becomes an open subject whose agency is reaffirmed.
Upside down: Un festival de cine nacional en tiempos transnacionales
Authors: Cerdán Josetxo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article highlights the particular centrality of the competitive film documentary category at the Morelia International Film Festival (FICM). The Spanish film programmer and scholar notes the significance of FICM in providing an important showcase for Mexican documentaries while also stabilizing an international circuit for the circulation of Mexican films for international festival.