bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synovial fluid levels of TWEAK and matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with osteoarthritis, and associations with disease severity
Authors: Hwang Il-Yeong , Youm Yoon-Seok , Cho Sung-Do , Choi Seung-Won , Bae Mun-Hee , Park Seon-Jae , Kim Han-Wook 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: This study assessed the levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in the synovial fluid from osteoarthritic knees to determine their role as well as the relationship between these levels and the severity of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Synovial fluid was obtained from 44 knees of 40 patients. The Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade was measured using radiograph. The concentration of TWEAK and MMP-1 in the synovial fluid was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The underlying inflammatory factors (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) were also measured. We analyzed the correlation between the factors measured. In addition, the samples were subdivided into three groups according to OA severity using the KL grade, and the differences in TWEAK and MMP-1 levels between groups were analyzed. Results: The TWEAK and MMP-1 levels in the synovial fluid showed a positive correlation with each other. The TWEAK and MMP-1 levels were compared between the three groups according to the KL grade, and the levels showed a significant difference. A post hoc test demonstrated that the group with advanced OA showed a lower concentration of both factors when compared to groups with early OA. Conclusion: The concentration of TWEAK and MMP-1 in the synovial fluid were relatively high in the early stage of OA, and the levels decreased as the OA progressed.
Incomplete articular-side repair increase re-tear rate in full-thickness rotator cuff tears
Authors: Kim Kyung Cheon , Lee Woo-Yong , Shin Hyun Dae , Han Sun-Cheol 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: This study compared the functional outcome and repair integrity of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair according to articular-side repair state in full-thickness tears. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 80 consecutive patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears of 1.5–3.5 cm at the anterior to posterior dimension. These patients were divided into two groups according to intraoperative articular-side repair state during operation: complete and incomplete repair groups. Repair integrity was evaluated at 6 months after the operation by magnetic resonance image or ultrasonography. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Four outcome measures were used in this study: visual analog scale pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and range of motion. Results: At 2-year follow-up, the average UCLA, ASES, and constant score improved significantly to 32.46, 87.94, and 79.69, respectively, in the complete group and to 32.50, 87.65, and 78.92, respectively, in the incomplete group. The UCLA, ASES, and constant score improved in both groups postoperatively (all ps < 0.000); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( p = 0.960, 0.921, and 0.796, respectively). The re-tear rate was 13.7% in the shoulders that underwent complete repair and 33.3% in the shoulders that underwent incomplete repair; this difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.041). Conclusion: Regardless of the repair state of articular-side rotator cuff, the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair resulted in comparable functional outcomes between two groups at short-term follow-up. However, patients who repaired articular-side rotator cuff incompletely revealed higher re-tear rate after operation than those who repaired completely.
Ketamine as anaesthesia for ECT: is there room to improve a gold standard treatment?
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryOne meta-analysis of ketamine anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy found no improvement of end-point antidepressant outcomes; another meta-analysis with a broader range of included trials found that ketamine improved both early and late outcomes. If ketamine anaesthesia is useful, researchers may need to look for benefits earlier during the treatment course.Declaration of interestNone.
Recovery, after nearly three years, from an attack of Mania, in which Hallucinations formed a prominent symptom
Authors: Bacon Dr. 
Published: February 2018

The persistence of auditory hallucinations is generally admitted to be good evidence of an incurable condition among the insane, and I, therefore, think it may be worth putting on record the following case, in which such symptoms were followed by recovery:—A married woman, æt. 33, was admitted into the Cambs. Asylum in May, 1874, in a state of acute mania. She was raving, violent, and destructive. She was treated with bromide of potassium, digitalis, chloral, &c., for two months, but got no better. She got better at times, but in December was reported as full of mischief, dirty and untidy, and does a little scrubbing at times.
Microtubule organization in presynaptic boutons relies on the formin DAAM
Authors: Migh Ede , Götz Torsten , Földi István , Szikora Szilárd , Gombos Rita , Darula Zsuzsanna , Medzihradszky Katalin F. , Maléth József , Hegyi Péter , Sigrist Stephan , Mihály József 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Regulation of the cytoskeleton is fundamental to the development and function of synaptic terminals, such as neuromuscular junctions. Despite the identification of numerous proteins that regulate synaptic actin and microtubule dynamics, the mechanisms of cytoskeletal control during terminal arbor formation have remained largely elusive. Here, we show that DAAM, a member of the formin family of cytoskeleton organizing factors, is an important presynaptic regulator of neuromuscular junction development in Drosophila. We demonstrate that the actin filament assembly activity of DAAM plays a negligible role in terminal formation; rather, DAAM is necessary for synaptic microtubule organization. Genetic interaction studies consistently link DAAM with the Wg/Ank2/Futsch module of microtubule regulation and bouton formation. Finally, we provide evidence that DAAM is tightly associated with the synaptic active zone scaffold, and electrophysiological data point to a role in the modulation of synaptic vesicle release. Based on these results, we propose that DAAM is an important cytoskeletal effector element of the Wg/Ank2 pathway involved in the determination of basic synaptic structures, and, additionally, that DAAM may couple the active zone scaffold to the presynaptic cytoskeleton.
Centrosomal protein Dzip1l binds Cby, promotes ciliary bud formation, and acts redundantly with Bromi to regulate ciliogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Wang Chengbing , Li Jia , Takemaru Ken-Ichi , Jiang Xiaogang , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Baolin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle required for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and consists of a basal body, a ciliary axoneme and a compartment between the first two structures, called the transition zone (TZ). The TZ serves as a gatekeeper to control protein composition in cilia, but less is known about its role in ciliary bud formation. Here, we show that centrosomal protein Dzip1l is required for Hh signaling between Smoothened and Sufu. Dzip1l colocalizes with basal body appendage proteins and Rpgrip1l, a TZ protein. Loss of Dzip1l results in reduced ciliogenesis and dysmorphic cilia in vivo. Dzip1l interacts with, and acts upstream of, Cby, an appendage protein, in ciliogenesis. Dzip1l also has overlapping functions with Bromi (Tbc1d32) in ciliogenesis, cilia morphogenesis and neural tube patterning. Loss of Dzip1l arrests ciliogenesis at the stage of ciliary bud formation from the TZ. Consistent with this, Dzip1l mutant cells fail to remove the capping protein Cp110 (Ccp110) from the distal end of mother centrioles and to recruit Rpgrip1l to the TZ. Therefore, Dzip1l promotes ciliary bud formation and is required for the integrity of the TZ.
Olfaction, experience and neural mechanisms underlying mosquito host preference
Authors: Wolff Gabriella H. , Riffell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTMosquitoes are best known for their proclivity towards biting humans and transmitting bloodborne pathogens, but there are over 3500 species, including both blood-feeding and non-blood-feeding taxa. The diversity of host preference in mosquitoes is exemplified by the feeding habits of mosquitoes in the genus Malaya that feed on ant regurgitation or those from the genus Uranotaenia that favor amphibian hosts. Host preference is also by no means static, but is characterized by behavioral plasticity that allows mosquitoes to switch hosts when their preferred host is unavailable and by learning host cues associated with positive or negative experiences. Here we review the diverse range of host-preference behaviors across the family Culicidae, which includes all mosquitoes, and how adaptations in neural circuitry might affect changes in preference both within the life history of a mosquito and across evolutionary time-scales.
Hydrosilylation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Mono- and Tri-Nuclear Platinum(0) Complexes
Authors: Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Abe Ryota , Kamono Megumi , Tanaka Kimiya , Tanabe Makoto , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Hydrosilylation of aromatic aldehydes and acetophenone with H2SiPh2 was studied by using Pt complexes as the catalyst. Reaction of aromatic aldehydes, such as PhCHO, 4-FC6H4CHO, 4-MeC6H4CHO and 4-CF3C6H4CHO with H2SiPh2 in the presence of [Pt(PPh3)3] catalyst proceeds smoothly at room temperature with similar reaction rates. The hydrosilylation of PhCHO with H2Si(C6H4-4-Me)2 proceeds faster than that with H2SiPh2. Comparison of the reactions of PhCHO with H2SiPh2 and with D2SiPh2 demonstrated a large kinetic isotope effect (3.1). The hydrosilylation of the aldehydes catalyzed by [Pt(PMe3)(μ-SiPh2)]3, reported in our previous paper, shows large dependence of the reaction rate on the aryl group of the substrate, in the order, 4-MeC6H4CHO ≫ PhCHO = 4-FC6H4CHO &gt; 4-CF3C6H4CHO. Hydrosilylation of (3-vinyl)benzaldehyde and 10-undecenal in the presence of [Pt(PPh3)3] catalyst occurs at the carbonyl group selectively to form the corresponding alkoxysilanes. The hydrosilylation of acetophenone with H2SiPh2 catalyzed by [Pt(PPh3)3] forms 1-phenylethyl(diphenylsilyl)ether, while the reaction using the Pt3 catalyst is accompanied by dehydrosilylation to yield a mixture of the saturated and unsaturated silyl ethers.
Rheumatoid arthritis in an adult patient with mosaic distal 18q-, 18p- and ring chromosome 18
Authors: Chau Alanna , Ramesh KH , Jagannath Anand D , Arora Shitij 
Published: February 2018

Ring chromosome 18 has a highly variable phenotype, depending on the extent of distal arm deletions. It is most commonly presented as a combination of 18p- and distal 18q- syndrome. IgA deficiency and autoimmune diseases have been previously described in these patients. Seven cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have been reported. Here we report the first case of late onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 32 year old Dominican woman with hypothyroidism, vitiligo, IgA deficiency, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cystic bronchiectasis, and features consistent with ringed 18, 18p- and distal 18q syndrome. The multiple autoimmune findings in our patient lends further support to the idea of loci on chromosome 18 playing a role in autoimmune disease expression. Late onset RA and ILD in a patient with chromosome 18 abnormalities are novel findings and are additional conditions to be aware of in this population.
Draft genomes of two Australian strains of the plant pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Longmuir Amy L. , Beech Peter L. , Richardson Mark F. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, is responsible for the destruction of thousands of species of native Australian plants, as well as several crops, such as avocado and macadamia, and has one of the widest host-plant ranges of the Phytophthora genus. The current reference genome of P. cinnamomi is based on an atypical strain and has large gaps in its assembly. To further studies of the pathogenicity of this species, especially in Australia, robust genome assemblies of more typical strains are required. Here we report the genome sequencing, draft assembly, and preliminary annotation of two geographically separated Australian strains of P. cinnamomi. Findings: Some 308 million raw reads were generated for the two strains, DU054 and WA94.26. Independent genome assembly produced final genome sequences of 62.8 Mb (in 14,268 scaffolds) and 68.1 Mb (in 10,084 scaffolds), which are comparable in size and contiguity to other Phytophthora genomes. Gene prediction yielded > 22,000 predicted protein-encoding genes within each genome, while BUSCO assessment showed 94.4% and 91.5% of the stramenopile single-copy orthologs to be present in the assembled genomes, respectively. Conclusions: The assembled genomes of two geographically distant isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi will provide a valuable resource for further comparative analyses and evolutionary studies of this destructive pathogen, and further annotation of the presented genomes may yield possible targets for novel pathogen control methods.
Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
Authors: Chowdhury Dhrubajyoti , Hell Johannes W 
Published: February 2018

The ability of neurons and circuits to maintain their excitability and activity levels within the appropriate dynamic range by homeostatic mechanisms is fundamental for brain function. Neuronal hyperactivity, for instance, could cause seizures. One such homeostatic process is synaptic scaling, also known as synaptic homeostasis. It involves a negative feedback process by which neurons adjust (scale) their postsynaptic strength over their whole synapse population to compensate for increased or decreased overall input thereby preventing neuronal hyper- or hypoactivity that could otherwise result in neuronal network dysfunction. While synaptic scaling is well-established and critical, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still in its infancy. Homeostatic adaptation of synaptic strength is achieved through upregulation (upscaling) or downregulation (downscaling) of the functional availability of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at postsynaptic sites. Understanding how synaptic AMPARs are modulated in response to alterations in overall neuronal activity is essential to gain valuable insights into how neuronal networks adapt to changes in their environment, as well as the genesis of an array of neurological disorders. Here we discuss the key molecular mechanisms that have been implicated in tuning the synaptic abundance of postsynaptic AMPARs in order to maintain synaptic homeostasis.
Identification of publicly available data sources to inform the conduct of Health Technology Assessment in India
Authors: Downey Laura , Rao Neethi , Guinness Lorna , Asaria Miqdad , Prinja Shankar , Sinha Anju , Kant Rajni , Pandey Arvind , Cluzeau Francoise , Chalkidou Kalipso 
Published: February 2018

Background: Health technology assessment (HTA) provides a globally-accepted and structured approach to synthesising evidence for cost and clinical effectiveness alongside ethical and equity considerations to inform evidence-based priorities. India is one of the most recent countries to formally commit to institutionalising HTA as an integral component of the heath resource allocation decision-making process. The effective conduct of HTA depends on the availability of reliable data. Methods: We draw from our experience of collecting, synthesizing, and analysing health-related datasets in India and internationally, to highlight the complex requirements for undertaking HTA, and explore the availability of such data in India. We first outlined each of the core data components required for the conduct of HTA, and their availability in India, drawing attention to where data can be accessed, and different ways in which researchers can overcome the challenges of missing or low quality data. Results: We grouped data into the following categories: clinical efficacy; cost; epidemiology; quality of life; service use/consumption; and equity. We identified numerous large local data sources containing epidemiological information. There was a marked absence of other locally-collected data necessary for informing HTA, particularly data relating to cost, service use, and quality of life. Conclusions: The introduction of HTA into the health policy space in India provides an opportunity to comprehensively assess the availability and quality of health data capture across the country. While epidemiological information is routinely collected across India, other data inputs necessary for HTA are not readily available. This poses a significant bottleneck to the efficient generation and deployment of HTA into the health decision space. Overcoming these data gaps by strengthening the routine collection of comprehensive and verifiable health data will have important implications not only for embedding economic analyses into the priority setting process, but for strengthening the health system as a whole.
It’s the economy, stupid! When economics and politics override health policy goals – the case of tax reliefs to build private hospitals in Ireland in the early 2000s
Authors: Burke Sara A. , Brugha Ruairi , Thomas Stephen 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: To analyse the policy process that led to changes to the Finance Acts in 2001 and 2002 that gave tax-reliefs to build private hospitals in Ireland. Methods: Qualitative research methods of documentary analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews with elites, involved in the policy processes, were used. Results: Despite an Irish health strategy commitment in 2001 to increase the numbers of hospital beds, a majority of which were envisaged in the public sector, two small changes to the Finance Act in 2001 and 2002 resulted in much greater growth in private hospital provision. The result of which was a 34% increase in private hospital beds, whilst public hospital beds grew by 3% between 2002 and 2010. Conclusion: The use of tax breaks was a core part of national economic policy that strongly contributed to Ireland’s boom and bust cycle in the 2000s. The application of tax breaks to health was driven by a small number of people from private hospitals who lobbied the Minister for Finance who championed their introduction, despite opposition from his own department, the Minister and the Department of Health. Increasing the numbers of private beds, instead of investing in the public health system, exacerbates existing inequalities in access to hospital care in Ireland as the majority of the population do not have access to private hospitals. The research provides an in-depth analysis of this specific policy making process in order to better understand health and public policy making processes. The research found a highly politicised and personalised policy making process where economic policy goals overrode health policy goals and tax-reliefs were granted to the health facilities, without any public or political scrutiny or consensus.
Fluoride And Caring for Children’s Teeth (FACCT): Clinical Fieldwork Protocol
Authors: James Patrice , Harding Mairead , Beecher Tara , Parnell Carmel , Browne Deirdre , Tuohy Marie , Kavanagh Dympna , O'Mullane Denis , Guiney Helena , Cronin Michael , Whelton Helen 
Published: February 2018

Background: The reduction in dental caries seen between Irish national surveys of children’s oral health in 1984 and 2002 was accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of enamel fluorosis. To minimise the risk of enamel fluorosis in Irish children, in 2007, the level of fluoride in drinking water was reduced from 0.8-1.0 ppm to 0.6-0.8 ppm fluoride. Recommendations on the use of fluoride toothpastes in young children were issued in 2002. Fluoride and Caring for Children’s Teeth (FACCT) is a collaborative project between the Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork and the Health Service Executive dental service, with funding from the Health Research Board. Aim: FACCT aims to evaluate the impact and the outcome of the change in community water fluoridation (CWF) policy (2007) on dental caries and enamel fluorosis in Irish schoolchildren, while also considering the change in policy on the use of fluoride toothpastes (2002). Methods/Design: A cross-sectional study with nested longitudinal study will be conducted in school year (SY) 2013-2014 by trained and calibrated dental examiners in primary schools in counties Dublin, Cork and Kerry for a representative sample of children born either prior to or post policy changes; age 12 (born 2001) and age 5, (born 2008). Five-year-olds will be followed-up when they are 8-year-olds (SY 2016-2017). The main explanatory variable will be fluoridation status of the children (lifetime exposure to CWF yes/no). Information about other explanatory variables will be collected via parent (of 5-, 8- and 12-year-olds) and child completed (8- and 12-year-olds only) questionnaires. The main outcomes will be dental caries (dmf/DMF Index), enamel fluorosis (Dean’s Index) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Multivariate regression analyses will be used to determine the impact and outcome of the change in CWF policy on oral health outcomes controlling for other explanatory variables.
Safety Huddle Intervention for Reducing Physiologic Monitor Alarms: A Hybrid Effectiveness‐Implementation Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Localio A. Russell , Stemler Shannon , Ahumada Luis , Dewan Maya , Ely Elizabeth , Keren Ron 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDMonitor alarms occur frequently but rarely warrant intervention.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to determine if a safety huddle‐based intervention reduces unit‐level alarm rates or alarm rates of individual patients whose alarms are discussed, as well as evaluate implementation outcomes.DESIGNUnit‐level, cluster randomized, hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial with a secondary patient‐level analysis.SETTINGChildren's hospital.PATIENTSUnit‐level: all patients hospitalized on four control (n = 4177) and four intervention (n = 7131) units between June 15, 2015 and May 8, 2016. Patient‐level: 425 patients on randomly selected dates postimplementation.INTERVENTIONStructured safety huddle review of alarm data from the patients on each unit with the most alarms, with a discussion of ways to reduce alarms.MEASUREMENTSUnit‐level: change in unit‐level alarm rates between baseline and postimplementation periods in intervention versus control units. Patient‐level: change in individual patients' alarm rates between the 24 hours leading up to huddles and the 24 hours after huddles in patients who were discussed versus not discussed in huddles.RESULTSAlarm data informed 580 huddle discussions. In unit‐level analysis, intervention units had 2 fewer alarms/patient‐day (95% CI: 7 fewer to 6 more, P = .50) compared with control units. In patient‐level analysis, patients discussed in huddles had 97 fewer alarms/patient‐day (95% CI: 52–138 fewer, P < .001) in the posthuddle period compared with patients not discussed in huddles. Implementation outcome analysis revealed a low intervention dose of 0.85 patients/unit/day.CONCLUSIONSSafety huddle‐based alarm discussions did not influence unit‐level alarm rates due to low intervention dose but were effective in reducing alarms for individual children.