bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Communication in Families of Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Identifying Motivators and Barriers to Cascade Screening to Improve Diagnosis at a Single Medical Center
Authors: Wurtmann Elisabeth , Steinberger Julia , Veach Pat McCarthy , Khan Mindi , Zierhut Heather 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is severely underdiagnosed in the USA; yet, factors influencing family notification about risk for FH in the US pediatric setting have not been well elucidated. Most previous research on these factors has occurred in adult patient populations in European countries with organized cascade screening programs; therefore, we sought to characterize parent experiences with cascade screening in the US pediatric setting. A quantitative survey measuring family notification of FH risk information was administered to 38 parents of children with FH identified within a pediatric cardiology clinic. Participants were also asked if family notification was impacted by intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy factors identified previously in other populations. Notification of at least one of the proband's living grandparents or aunts/uncles was reported by 76% (n = 25/33) and 71% (n = 24/34) of participants, respectively. The most common reason for notification was to protect relatives from heart disease. Two of the most common reasons participants did not notify relatives were a lack of information about FH and concern that the relative would have difficulty understanding the information. Yet, only a minority of participants (39%) accessed institutional resources such as educational materials to share with relatives or assistance drafting a family letter that could address these barriers. Based on the identified barriers and motivators for family communication, we suggest facilitators to improve implementation of cascade screening.
Magneto-acoustic Interfacial Reaction-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Direct Path to Manufacturing Metal Matrix Nanocomposites
Authors: Henderson Hunter B. , Rios Orlando , McCall Scott K. , Bryan Zachary L. , Ludtka Gerard M. , Manuel Michele V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This work investigates a novel nanoparticle fabrication methodology: combined reaction and acoustic cavitation abrasion of a solid in contact with a liquid. Magneto-Acoustic Mixing Technology is used to produce nanometer- to micron-sized particles by chemical and acoustic mechanisms between diamond particles and a stainless steel surface in the presence of a metallic liquid (Mg), where it is found that particle–surface interactions and cavitation generate particles more efficiently together than independently, producing unique chemistries. The individual and combined influence of sonic power and chemical reaction on particle size, volume fraction, chemistry, magnetic properties, and applicability to metal matrix nanocomposite fabrication are studied.
Behavioural public policies and charitable giving
Authors: BOVENS LUC 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSome of the challenges in Sanders et al. (2018, this issue) can be aptly illustrated by means of charity nudges; that is, nudges designed to increase charitable donations. These nudges raise many ethical questions. First, Oxfam's triptychs with suggested donations are designed to increase giving. If successful, do our actions match ex ante or ex post preferences? Does this make a difference to the autonomy of the donor? Second, the Behavioural Insights Team conducted experiments using social networks to nudge people to give more. Do these appeals steer clear of exploiting power relations? Do they respect boundaries of privacy? Third, in an online campaign by Kiva, donors are asked to contribute directly to personalised initiatives. In many cases, the initiative has already been funded and donor money is funnelled to a new cause. Is such a ‘pre-disbursal’ arrangement truthful and true to purpose as a social business model?
Behavioural Insights Team: ethical, professional and historical considerations
Authors: DELANEY LIAM 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) has led in the promotion and adoption of behavioural science research in public policy. This comment addresses a number of issues that must be faced by BIT and the wider behavioural public policy agenda as the field becomes institutionalised and normalised within public policy internationally, in particular issues of ethics and professional codes.
On Curiosity: A Fundamental Aspect of Personality, a Practice of Network Growth
Authors: Zurn Perry , Bassett Danielle S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman personality is reflected in patterns—or networks—of behavior, either in thought or action. Curiosity is an oft-treasured component of one’s personality, commonly associated with information-seeking proclivities with distinct neurophysiological correlates. The markers of curiosity can differ substantially across people, suggesting the possibility that personality also determines the architectural style of one’s curiosity. Yet progress in defining those styles, and marking their neurophysiological basis, has been hampered by fairly fundamental difficulties in defining curiosity itself. Here, we offer and exercise a definition of the practice of curiosity as knowledge network building, one particular pattern of thought behavior. To unpack this definition and motivate its utility, we begin with a short primer on network science and describe how the mathematical object of a network can be used to map items and relations that are characteristic of bodies of knowledge. Next, we turn to a discussion of how networks grow, how their growth can be modeled, and how the practice of curiosity can be formalized as a process of network growth. We pay particular attention to how individuals may differ in how they build their knowledge networks, and discuss how the sort, manner, and action of building can be modulated by experience. We discuss how this definition of the practice of curiosity motivates new experiments and theory development at the interdisciplinary intersection of network science, personality neuroscience, education, and curiosity studies. We close with a note on the potential of network science to inform studies of other domains of personality, and the patterns of thought– or action–behavior characteristic thereof.
The Virtual Personalities Neural Network Model: Neurobiological Underpinnings
Authors: Read Stephen J. , Brown Ashley D. , Wang Peter , Miller Lynn C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Virtual Personalities Model is a motive-based neural network model that provides both a psychological model and a computational implementation that explicates the dynamics and often large within-person variability in behavior that arises over time. At the same time the same model can produce—across many virtual personalities—between-subject variability in behavior that when factor analyzed yields familiar personality structure (e.g., the Big Five). First, we describe our personality model and its implementation as a neural network model. Second, we focus on detailing the neurobiological underpinnings of this model. Third, we examine the learning mechanisms, and their biological substrates, as ways that the model gets “wired up,” discussing Pavlovian and Instrumental conditioning, Pavlovian to Instrumental transfer, and habits. Finally, we describe the dynamics of how initial differences in propensities (e.g., dopamine functioning), wiring differences due to experience, and other factors could operate together to develop and change personality over time, and how this might be empirically examined. Thus, our goal is to contribute to the rising chorus of voices seeking a more precise neurobiologically based science of the complex dynamics underlying personality.
Modelling the impact of bovine herpesvirus-1 seropositivity on the technical and economic performance of a pastoral-based suckler beef system
Authors: Lynch R. , Kenny D. A. , Parr M. H. , Barrett D. , Kelly A. K. , Crosson P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) manifests as a latent viral infection putatively affecting bovines. Understanding its effect on cattle herds is critical to maintaining sustainable beef and dairy production systems, as well as aiding in the development of herd health policies. The primary objective of the current study was, therefore, to use a whole-farm bio-economic model to evaluate the effect of herd seroprevalence to BHV-1 on the productive and economic performance of a spring calving beef cow herd. As part of a wider epidemiological study of herd pathogen status, a total of 4240 cows from 134 spring calving beef cow herds across the Republic of Ireland were blood sampled to measure the seroprevalence to BHV-1. Using data from a national breeding database, productive and reproductive performance indicators were used to parameterize a single year, static and deterministic whole-farm bio-economic model. A spring-calving, pasture-based suckler beef cow production system with an emphasis on calf-to-weanling production was simulated. The impact of BHV-1 seropositivity on whole-farm technical and economic performance was relatively small, with a marginal drop in the net margin of 4% relative to a baseline seronegative herd. Subsequent risk factors for increased pathogenicity were considered such as total herd size, percentage of intra-herd movements and vaccination status for BHV-1. In contrast to all others, scenarios representing herds that were either small in size or those which indicated an active vaccination policy for BHV-1 had no reduction in net margin against the baseline as a result of seropositivity to BHV-1.
Developing a writing assistant to help EAP writers with collocations in real time
Authors: Frankenberg-Garcia Ana , Lew Robert , Roberts Jonathan C. , Rees Geraint Paul , Sharma Nirwan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCorpora have given rise to a wide range of lexicographic resources aimed at helping novice users of academic English with their writing. This includes academic vocabulary lists, a variety of textbooks, and even a bespoke academic English dictionary. However, writers may not be familiar with these resources or may not be sufficiently aware of the lexical shortcomings of their emerging texts to trigger the need to use such help in the first place. Moreover, writers who have to stop writing to look up a word can be distracted from getting their ideas down on paper. The ColloCaid project (www.collocaid.uk) aims to address these problems by integrating information on collocation with text editors. In this paper, we share the research underpinning the initial development of ColloCaid by detailing the rationale of (1) the lexicographic database we are compiling to support the collocation needs of novice users of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and (2) the preliminary visualisation decisions taken to present information on collocation to EAP users without disrupting their writing. We conclude the paper by outlining the next steps in the research.
Solving Horn Clauses on Inductive Data Types Without Induction
Authors: DE ANGELIS EMANUELE , FIORAVANTI FABIO , PETTOROSSI ALBERTO , PROIETTI MAURIZIO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe address the problem of verifying the satisfiability of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) based on theories of inductively defined data structures, such as lists and trees. We propose a transformation technique whose objective is the removal of these data structures from CHCs, hence reducing their satisfiability to a satisfiability problem for CHCs on integers and booleans. We propose a transformation algorithm and identify a class of clauses where it always succeeds. We also consider an extension of that algorithm, which combines clause transformation with reasoning on integer constraints. Via an experimental evaluation we show that our technique greatly improves the effectiveness of applying the Z3 solver to CHCs. We also show that our verification technique based on CHC transformation followed by CHC solving, is competitive with respect to CHC solvers extended with induction.
Experimenting with robotic intra-logistics domains
Authors: GEBSER MARTIN , OBERMEIER PHILIPP , OTTO THOMAS , SCHAUB TORSTEN , SABUNCU ORKUNT , NGUYEN VAN , SON TRAN CAO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe introduce theasprilo1framework to facilitate experimental studies of approaches addressing complex dynamic applications. For this purpose, we have chosen the domain of robotic intra-logistics. This domain is not only highly relevant in the context of today's fourth industrial revolution but it moreover combines a multitude of challenging issues within a single uniform framework. This includes multi-agent planning, reasoning about action, change, resources, strategies, etc. In return,aspriloallows users to study alternative solutions as regards effectiveness and scalability. Althoughasprilorelies on Answer Set Programming and Python, it is readily usable by any system complying with its fact-oriented interface format. This makes it attractive for benchmarking and teaching well beyond logic programming. More precisely,aspriloconsists of a versatile benchmark generator, solution checker and visualizer as well as a bunch of reference encodings featuring various ASP techniques. Importantly, the visualizer's animation capabilities are indispensable for complex scenarios like intra-logistics in order to inspect valid as well as invalid solution candidates. Also, it allows for graphically editing benchmark layouts that can be used as a basis for generating benchmark suites.
Shape Neutral Analysis of Graph-based Data-structures
Authors: DUCK GREGORY J. , JAFFAR JOXAN , YAP ROLAND H. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMalformed data-structures can lead to runtime errors such as arbitrary memory access or corruption. Despite this, reasoning over data-structure properties for low-level heap manipulating programs remains challenging. In this paper we present a constraint-based program analysis that checks data-structure integrity, w.r.t. given target data-structure properties, as the heap is manipulated by the program. Our approach is to automatically generate a solver for properties using the type definitions from the target program. The generated solver is implemented using a Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) extension of built-in heap, integer and equality solvers. A key property of our program analysis is that the target data-structure properties are shape neutral, i.e., the analysis does not check for properties relating to a given data-structure graph shape, such as doubly-linked-lists versus trees. Nevertheless, the analysis can detect errors in a wide range of data-structure manipulating programs, including those that use lists, trees, DAGs, graphs, etc. We present an implementation that uses the Satisfiability Modulo Constraint Handling Rules (SMCHR) system. Experimental results show that our approach works well for real-world C programs.
The global context of the US farm bill in 2018: world markets, instability and policy preferences in agriculture
Authors: Winders Bill 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs the 2018 farm bill approaches, some important trends have emerged regarding the policy preferences of different commodity producers. While some farm organizations like the American Farm Bureau advocate for expanding free trade, other groups argue for more trade protections and even greater support from the federal government. This paper examines the global context that shapes such divergent policy positions. I argue that global demand has expanded for particular commodities (especially, feed grains and meat), leading producers of those commodities to push for free trade and weaker political regulations of agriculture. At the same time, however, greater liberalization over the past 25 years has contributed to greater competition for some commodities, such as wheat. Liberalization in the world economy has also contributed to greater market instability, especially in terms of prices and production. This instability and increased competition have pushed some commodity producers to favor national regulations and trade protections for agriculture. Focusing corn, soybeans and wheat, I argue that these three aspects of the global context—global demand, international competition and price instability—shape the policy preferences of US producers regarding the 2018 farm bill. I draw on statistics from the United States Department of Agriculture and Food and Agriculture Organization to illustrate these aspects of the global context.
Linking Glacial‐Interglacial States to Multiple Equilibria of Climate
Authors: Ferreira David , Marshall John , Ito Takamitsu , McGee David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlacial‐interglacial cycles are often described as an amplified global response of the climate to perturbations in solar radiation caused by oscillations of Earth's orbit. However, it remains unclear whether internal feedbacks are large enough to account for the radically different glacial and interglacial states. Here we provide support for an alternative view: Glacial‐interglacial states are multiple equilibria of the climate system that exist for the same external forcing. We show that such multiple equilibria resembling glacial and interglacial states can be found in a complex coupled general circulation model of the ocean‐atmosphere‐sea ice system. The multiple states are sustained by ice‐albedo feedback modified by ocean heat transport and are not caused by the bistability of the ocean's overturning circulation. In addition, expansion/contraction of the Southern Hemisphere ice pack over regions of upwelling, regulating outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere, is the primary mechanism behind a large pCO2 change between states.
Paleomagnetic Rotation Constraints on the Deformation of the Northern Qaidam Marginal Thrust Belt and Implications for Strike‐Slip Faulting Along the Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Li Bingshuai , Yan Maodu , Zhang Weilin , Fang Xiaomin , Yang Yongpeng , Zhang Dawen , Chen Yi , Guan Chong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiscordant Cenozoic paleomagnetic rotation results obtained throughout the northeastern Tibetan Plateau have yielded different tectonic models for the evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here based on detailed existing magnetostratigraphic age constraints, we carried out an in‐depth paleomagnetic study along the Hongliugou section in the middle northern Qaidam marginal thrust belt to address the Cenozoic rotations of this region. A total of 1,342 Jurassic‐Neogene siltstone‐sandstone core samples were collected from 128 sites across 18 time intervals. Rock magnetic analysis suggested that magnetite and hematite are the dominant magnetic carriers. Detailed thermal demagnetization analyses were performed, and the characteristic remanent magnetizations of 90 sites (743 samples) were obtained, which yielded positive fold and reversals tests, indicating that they likely represent primary magnetizations. Detailed paleomagnetic declination versus age analyses revealed three periods of rotations: ~12.5 ± 15.7° statistically insignificant counterclockwise rotations during ~45–33 Ma, successive clockwise rotations of ~32.2 ± 15.4° during ~33–14 Ma, and subsequent statistically insignificant counterclockwise rotations of ~8.7 ± 9.4° after ~14 Ma. These three periods of rotations are similar to those calculated based on previously available magnetostratigraphic data from the nearby Dahonggou section. Based on the integration of these data with other lines of geological evidence, we attributed the latter two periods of rotations to fast strike‐slip faulting along the Altyn Tagh Fault.
Low‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs From Rock Spring Uplift of Wyoming
Authors: Wang Heng , Alvarado Vladimir , McLaughlin J. Fred , Bagdonas Davin A. , Kaszuba John P. , Campbell Erin , Grana Dario 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLaboratory measurements including gas (N2) porosity and permeability, time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance, thin section, and scanning electron microscopy analysis were conducted to obtain petrographical and petrophysical descriptions of the Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone at the Rock Spring Uplift, a potential carbon dioxide storage site in Southwestern Wyoming. The relationships between pore structures, such as pore geometry, pore‐size distribution, pore network, and porosity/permeability are investigated. First, using thin sections combined with scanning electron microscopy for pore structures description, all samples are described in detail from the geological, petrographysical, and diagenetic viewpoint. Results show that within the Madison Limestone, pore types include intercrystalline, vuggy, moldic, or mixed (combination of all other pore types). Both moldic and vuggy pore types are associated with samples of high porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time distributions show either bimodal or multimodal distributions. Large relaxation time components are associated with samples with large pores, whereas small components are dominated by small pores. The T2 geometric mean correlates well with gas permeability. Additionally, short‐time diffusion coefficients (D) were measured by pulsed field gradient method using a series of gradient strengths. We found that diffusion coefficient distributions correlate with the corresponding T2 distributions for macropores. By comparing the dominant peak position of T2 distributions and their corresponding diffusion coefficient distributions, we predicted the surface relaxivity of different rock types. We found that surface relaxivities of Weber Sandstone samples can be well predicted, while for Madison Limestone samples, surface relaxivities are overestimated due to diffusive pore coupling effect.
Multi-frequency dielectrophoretic characterization of single cells
Authors: Jaffe Alex , Voldman Joel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe explore the use of dielectrophoresis to discern the electrical properties of single cells by observing them at multiple frequencies. We first simulate experimental conditions to show that as we increase the number of measured frequencies, we are able to better discriminate among different cells. Furthermore, we use the simulation to find the optimal number and value of frequencies to use to best discriminate among different cells in general. We then fabricate a microfluidic device, calibrate it with polystyrene beads, and characterize it with BA/F3 cells. With this device, we test three different activation levels of HL60 cells treated with cytochalasin D using the optimal frequency sequence obtained in simulation to determine the differences in discrimination abilities depending on the number of frequencies used. We quantify the discrimination abilities of the optimal one, two, and three frequencies by minimizing 0-1 loss.