bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐type‐fits‐all‐systems: Strategies for preventing potential‐induced degradation in crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules
Authors: Virtuani Alessandro , Annigoni Eleonora , Ballif Christophe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the relationship between potential‐induced degradation (PID) and the bill of material used in module manufacturing. We manufacture samples with different combination of materials, using two types of solar cells (conventional vs PID‐free c‐Si cells), two types of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) films with low/high resistivity, and two types of backsheets with, respectively, low/high breathability properties, and subject the mini‐modules to extended PID testing. Our results clearly indicate that, when using a breathable polymeric backsheet, to have a “PID‐free” module the combination of PID‐free cells and high‐resistive EVA encapsulants is recommendable. The use of a conventional c‐Si cell in combination with a high‐resistive EVA encapsulant is still more effective than the use of PID‐free cells in combination with low‐quality EVA. Further, our results initially show that the breathability properties of the backsheet have apparently no influence on PID degradation. A second set of experiments using sandwich structures with increased resistance properties to water ingress (ie, glass and backsheets with barrier layers as rear covers and an edge sealant), however, indicates that preventing or reducing the diffusion of moisture in the encapsulant layer plays a role in further mitigating the impact of PID. This finding is supported by simulations of moisture ingress in the sandwich structures. Finally, we show that the use of a glass rear cover—compared with a polymeric backsheet—does not contribute in worsening the PID effect. On the contrary, by reducing moisture ingress in the front encapsulant layer, it delays the occurrence of PID.
How intrinsic nuclear nonadiabaticity affects molecular structure, electronic density, and conformational stability: Insights from the multicomponent DFT calculations of Mu/H isotopologues
Authors: Goli Mohammad , Jalili Seifollah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the present work, the formalism of the multicomponent density functional theory is extended to study the open‐shell muoniated radicals of nucleic acid bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil beyond the adiabatic paradigm. The derived methodology is used to characterize the stationary structures of all conceivable muoniated adducts based on the ab initio nuclear‐electronic approach, which is a mixed intermediate non‐adiabatic/adiabatic framework. The energies, geometries, atomic charges and spin‐density distributions of the muoniated species are scrutinized against their hydrogenated congeners derived within the conventional adiabatic framework. The comparative analysis of the results determines the considerable impact of nuclear quantum effects on the molecular geometry, electronic density and conformational stability while underlining the fact that the extent of the geometrical and spin‐distribution variations upon muonium substitution could be significant and mass dependent.
Aquatic vegetation responses to island construction (habitat restoration) in a large floodplain river
Authors: Drake Deanne C. , Gray Brian R. , Forbes Nora 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Upper Mississippi River is maintained in its current navigable state through impoundments, dredging, and other engineering projects. These stressors, along with anthropogenic impacts and natural system processes, led to declines in aquatic vegetation and the loss of fish and wildlife habitat, with a major downturn the late 1980s and early 1990s. Large‐scale restoration projects, such as the one evaluated here, are primarily designed to rehabilitate and enhance fish and wildlife habitat. We determined whether an individual restoration project, construction of an island complex, fulfilled a programmatic goal of re‐establishing diverse and abundant native aquatic vegetation. Eighteen years of aquatic vegetation monitoring data from impact and reference areas were compared to evaluate the anticipated direct effects (within 400 m of the constructed islands) and indirect effects (>400 m downstream of constructed islands) of restoration. Impact areas were also compared with an unrestored negative reference area ~200 km downstream of the project and with a positive reference area in adjacent, relatively natural backwaters. Only indirect effects of restoration were evident. Prevalence and species richness of aquatic vegetation in both of the impact areas and in the negative reference area increased prior to restoration, suggesting large‐scale improvement independent of the project examined here. Indirect effects were demonstrated as further increases in both prevalence and species richness coinciding with restoration in the area >400 m downstream of the restoration. We conclude that increased abundance and diversity of aquatic vegetation was partially achieved, with observed improvements potentially linked to reduced wind fetch.
Peptide Nanophotonics: From Optical Waveguiding to Precise Medicine and Multifunctional Biochips
Authors: Apter Boris , Lapshina Nadezda , Handelman Amir , Fainberg Boris D. , Rosenman Gil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOptical waveguiding phenomena found in bioinspired chemically synthesized peptide nanostructures are a new paradigm which can revolutionize emerging fields of precise medicine and health monitoring. A unique combination of their intrinsic biocompatibility with remarkable multifunctional optical properties and developed nanotechnology of large peptide wafers makes them highly promising for new biomedical light therapy tools and implantable optical biochips. This Review highlights a new field of peptide nanophotonics. It covers peptide nanotechnology and the fabrication process of peptide integrated optical circuits, basic studies of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in biological and bioinspired nanostructures, and their passive and active optical waveguiding. It is shown that the optical properties of this generation of bio‐optical materials are governed by fundamental biological processes. Refolding the peptide secondary structure is followed by wideband optical absorption and visible tunable fluorescence. In peptide optical waveguides, such a bio‐optical effect leads to switching from passive waveguiding mode in native α‐helical phase to an active one in the β‐sheet phase. The found active waveguiding effect in β‐sheet fiber structures below optical diffraction limit opens an avenue for the future development of new bionanophotonics in ultrathin peptide/protein fibrillar structures toward advanced biomedical nanotechnology.
Dating of Columbite-tantalite and Monazite from Pegmatites of the Kawadgaon–Challanpara Area, Bastar Craton, Central India
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Sastry D. V. L. N. , Bagora Sanjay , Pandit P. S. C. , Rai S. D. , Verma M. B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The results of geochronological studies on columbite-tantalite and monazite from the rare metal pegmatites of the Kawadgaon – Challanpara area in Bastar craton, central India are presented. Columbite-tantalite yielded U-Pb concordia upper intercept age of 1978±16 Ma (MSWD = 0.18). Radiogenic 207Pb*/206Pb* (T7/6) ages on 4 out of 5 columbite-tantalite vary in a narrow range of 1903 to 2077 Ma and are similar to U-Pb age, whereas, one sample shows younger 207Pb*/206Pb*(T7/6) age of 1728 Ma. Younger Pb-Pb age of 1744 ± 250 Ma (MSWD = 150) has also been indicated by these columbite-tantalite samples. Four out of five monazite samples define Pb-Pb errorchron age of 2050±370 Ma (MSWD = 165) and radiogenic 207Pb*/206Pb* (T7/6) ages on 3 out of 5 monazites show a narrow range of 1983 to 2083 Ma. Other two samples show younger 207Pb*/206Pb*(T7/6) ages as 1254 Ma and 1592Ma. Both monazite and columbite-tantalite indicate disturbance in Pb and U isotopic systematics as revealed by high MSWD. However, selected samples from both monazite and columbite-tantalite indicate age of their formation as c. 2000 Ma. Younger ages, i.e., 1254 to 1744 Ma are indicative of later geological disturbances. Reported age of c. 2000 Ma is comparable to Rb-Sr date of pegmatitic muscovite (1850-2330 Ma) from this area and is younger to intrusive granites of c. 2500 Ma. By analogy, therefore, it may be inferred that the age of the rare element mineralization may be ∼2000 Ma old, and linked with younger granitic activity that spanned over the period from 2300 to 2100 Ma in the Bastar craton.
Quantitative Geomorphological Analysis to Infer the Hydrological Behaviour of Streams Draining into the Vembanad Lake – A Ramsar Site along the Southwest Coast of India
Authors: Chandran M. S. Shylesh , Ajaykumar B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Vembanad lake system (VLS) is a Ramsar wetland of premier importance along the south west coast of India. This system spread over 13098 km2 accounts for 33.7% of total geographic area of Kerala state. VLS sustains by the input of six main river systems of Kerala viz., Achankovil, Pampa, Manimala, Meenachil, Muvattupuzha and Periyar. Central focus of this study is to find out the influence of morphometric variables on hydrological processes using geo-informatics and correlation analysis and to analyse the scale dependence of basin hypsometry in steady state topography and hydrology. The study also examines the contribution of each river in making the entities of this wetland system by portraying the morphometric and hypsometric parameters of its watershed. The results of this analysis reveals that the Manimala river basin has survived with rapid denudation activities and run off mechanism, while Periyar and Pampa river basins have culminating stage of development and are tectonically active. This study immensely contributes to the knowledge on the influence of morphometric variables on hydrological process and scale dependence of basin hypsometry in steady state topography including hydrology of VLS. The results will shed some light on hydrologic makeup of inflow rivers and will be beneficial for the sustainable management of India’s one of the premier wetlands.
Analysis of the Tectonic Stress Field of SE Sichuan and its Impact on the Preservation of Shale Gas in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Dingshan Region, China
Authors: Yong Tang , Fan Yang , Lv Qi Q. , Tang Wen J. , Wang Hai K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Tectonic stress is one of the most active deformation factors in the Earth’s crust. Therefore, determinations of its mode of action and form of conversion are critical for guiding research that evaluates preservation conditions in shale gas. Through a survey that targeted many structural features, such as vertical folds and conjugated joints, we investigated the revolution characteristics of the tectonic stress field, the mode of action and the sequence of tectonic stress in the Dingshan region of SE Sichuan by structural analysis methods. Meanwhile, based on a geologic analysis of tectonic stress mechanisms, the structural stress in the region using finite element numerical simulations is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the region has experienced tectonic stress fields over four different periods and in four different orientations: NW–SE, nearly N–S, nearly E–W and NE-SW. The NW-SE force occurred earlier than that of the nearly N–S force, followed by nearly E–W compression, and finally N–E force. It is concluded that the structural framework of the study area was formed by the effects of the NE-SW compressional stress, which is still active today. The simulation demonstrated that overlapping parts of the intensive strain zone had a higher maximum principal stress, particularly in areas of energy concentration. As for mud and shale, which show excellent sealing capacity, the key to preserving shale gas is the accumulation of energy and a low degree of breakage. Considering the nip-out line of the Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan region, the buried depth limit of shale-gas production (4500 m), and fault length, the preservation conditions of shale gas and identified favorable targets within the Longmaxi Formation is evaluated.
Assessing Groundwater Resource Vulnerability by Coupling GIS-Based DRASTIC and Solute Transport Model in Ajmer District, Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Pranjay , Gupta Pankaj Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Groundwater aquifer vulnerability has been assessed by incorporating the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control the groundwater contamination using GIS-based DRASTIC model along with solute transport modeling. This work demonstrates the potential of GIS to derive a vulnerability map by overlying various spatially referenced digital data layers (i.e., depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity) that portrays cumulative aquifer sensitivity ratings in Kishangarh, Rajasthan. It provides a relative indication of groundwater aquifer vulnerability to contamination. The soil moisture flow and solute transport regimes of the vadose zone associated with specific hydrogeological conditions play a crucial role in pollution risk assessment of the underlying groundwater resources. An effort has been made to map the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to surface pollutants of thestudy area, using soil moisture flow and contaminant transport modeling. The classical advection-dispersion equation coupled with Richard’s equation is numerically simulated at different point locations for assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of the valley. The role of soil type, slope, and the land-use cover is considered for estimating the transient flux at the top boundary from daily precipitation and evapotranspiration data of the study area. The time required by the solute peak to travel from the surface to the groundwater table at the bottom of the soil profile is considered as an indicator of avulnerability index. Results show a high vulnerability in the southern region, whereas low vulnerability is observed in the northeast and northern parts. The results have recognized four aquifer vulnerability zones based on DRASTIC vulnerability index (DVI), which ranged from 45 to 178. It has been deduced that approximately 18, 25, 34, and 23% of the area lies in negligible, low, medium and high vulnerability zones, respectively. The study may assist in decision making related to theplanning of industrial locations and the sustainable water resources development of the selected semi-arid area.
Non-Conventional Energy Sources: A Geo-Spatial Study of Site, Situation, Production and Economy of Wind Farms in Satara District
Authors: Sule Bharat M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Wind energy is a popular from the non-conventional energy sources in the World. In India states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Orissa, and Maharashtra are as regarded as superior areas with respect to this type energy. The installed capacity of wind in India till December 2010 was 13,056.37 MW, principally distributed throughout the Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, etc. In Maharashtra, there are 38 wind farms and the 3655 wind machines are installed with the 3431.86MW capacity of power generation up to September 2013. In Satara district, 17 wind sites and also other some sites are discovered. At present there are 1636 wind turbines are installed with its capacity of power generation is 1122.61MW and the production of wind energy of 2183745.15KWh average per annum in Satara district.
The main objectives of the present paper are to assess the scope of non-conventional energy resources especially the power generation from wind and to analyze the trend and distribution of the wind mills and wind farms in Satara district. It is find out the amount of recovered from the power generation comes around 12 years without subsidy and around 8 years with subsidy. The total life span of wind turbines is 25 years. It is very much clean and does not cause any problem to the environment as well as to the survival on the surface of the earth. Therefore, it is inferred that the generation of power from wind is not only cheaper and permanent energy source but also a non-polluting, freely available source. It is helpful for the development of economically and socially in a region especially in rural development. With these consequences the income level will increase and it will further help in minimising the social disparities.
Functioning mediates help-seeking for mental problems in the general population
Authors: Michel Chantal , Schnyder Nina , Schmidt Stefanie J. , Groth Nicola , Schimmelmann Benno G. , Schultze-Lutter Frauke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims:Absent or delayed help-seeking is considered to aggravate the immense personal and societal burden caused by mental disorders. Therefore, we cross-sectionally examined rates and clinical and sociodemographic moderators of early help-seeking for current clinician-assessed non-psychotic mental problems/disorders in the community.Methods:Altogether, 2683 individuals of the Swiss Canton Bern (16–40 years old, response rate 63.4%) were interviewed by telephone for current axis-I problems/disorders using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, for psychosocial functioning using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, and for help-seeking for mental problems.Results:In total, 1122 (41.8%) reported mental problems. Of these, 769 (68.5%) affirmed any one screening question and 353 (31.5%) fulfilled criteria for any current axis-I disorder, and 396 (35.3%) reported any lifetime help-seeking (28.3% sought help in the past and 7.0% were in current treatment). In path analyses, current help-seeking was associated mainly by type and number of mental problems/disorders mediated by functional impairment, in addition to older age, no current partner, and past treatment.Conclusion:Our cross-sectional data indicate a gap in help-seeking for mental problems/disorders. The relationship between number of mental problems/disorders and help-seeking mediated by functional impairment confirm that individuals commonly do not seek help until problems are severe enough to cause problems in occupational and psychosocial functioning, driving the already immense costs of mental disorders. Thus, campaigns promoting early help-seeking, including early diagnostic clarification of and support for subthreshold mental problems in terms of an indicated prevention, should focus on psychosocial functioning, aside from signs of mental illness.
Decrease in Intercourse Satisfaction in Men Who Recover Erections After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Terrier Jean E. , Masterson Melissa , Mulhall John P. , Nelson Christian J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Recovery of erections after radical prostatectomy (RP) is assumed to lead to recovery in sexual satisfaction. Although data suggest a relationship between sexual function and sexual satisfaction, it is unclear whether presurgical levels of sexual satisfaction are attained for men who “recover” erections post-RP.

Aim
The goal of this analysis is to determine whether the recovery of erectile function restores presurgical levels of sexual satisfaction.

Methods
We assessed 229 men pre-RP and 24-months post-RP. At both time points, participants completed the Erectile Function Domain (EFD) and the Intercourse Satisfaction Domain (ISD) of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Erectile function recovery at 24 months was defined as (1) (EFD≥24) or (2) EFD back to baseline (BTB). One hundred sixty-six men with penetration hardness erections (PHEs) at baseline (EFD &gt;24) were included in the analyses. Repeated measure t-tests were used to compare changes in ISD scores and effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated to determine the clinical significance of these changes. Multivariable analyses (MVA) were used to test the relationship between EFD and ISD.

Results
The mean age of men was 58 (SD = 7) years. The mean EFD score at baseline was 29 (SD = 2), which declined significantly to 20 (SD = 10) at 24 months. ISD also decreased significantly between baseline and 24 months (12 to 8.3, P &lt; .001, d = 0.87), even among men with PHEs at 24 months (12.3 to 11.3, P &lt; .001, d = 0.50) and men who achieved BTB erections at 24 months (12.4 to 11.7, P = .02, d = 0.35). For men with PHEs at 24 months, MVAs identified baseline ISD (beta = 0.46) and 24-month EFD (beta = 0.23) as the only significant predictors of 24-month ISD. However, among men who achieved BTB erections at 24 months, baseline ISD (beta = 0.49) was the only significant predictor of 24-month ISD.

Clinical Implications
These findings underscore the importance of the integration of psychological support and medical care to best meet the needs of patients. Furthermore, these results can be used to facilitate pre-RP communication and counseling with patients to improve understanding and manage post-RP expectations.

Strengths & Limitations
The study methodology, specifically the use of BTB as a means of defining erectile function and the longitudinal, prospective study design are relative strengths. Despite the longitudinal design, the study did not include a control group of healthy, age-matched men.

Conclusion
Results highlight the enduring impact of sexual dysfunction, namely erectile dysfunction, on intercourse satisfaction following RP and suggest that restoration of function in and of itself does not ensure the restoration of satisfaction.