bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Military Health Research Using a Social–Ecological Framework
Authors: Lubens Pauline , Bruckner Tim A. 
Published: February 2018

Objective: We aim to contextualize the growing body of research on the sequelae of military service in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. We employ a social–ecological (SE) framework for the taxonomy of military health research and classify risk as arising from the individual, family, community, and the institutional levels. We intend for this review to inform enhanced health promotion efforts in military communities. Data Source: Articles reviewed were extracted from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Research focused on somatic and psychological sequelae of combat deployment published from 2001—the year the war in Afghanistan began—through the end of 2014. We excluded studies of non-US military personnel, other systematic reviews, meta-analyses, book chapters, and theoretical papers. Data Extraction: We examined and summarized the aims, participants, methods, study design, SE framework tier, risk factors, and health outcomes. Data Synthesis: Studies were categorized according to SE tier, whether they focused on somatic, behavioral, or psychological outcomes, and by risk factor. Results: Of the 352 peer-reviewed papers, 84% focused on war’s sequelae on the index military personnel, and 75% focused on mental or behavioral health outcomes—mostly on post-traumatic stress disorder. We find comparatively little research focusing on the family, community, or institutional tiers. Conclusions: We know relatively little about how family and community respond to the return of personnel from combat deployment; how family resources affect the health of returning military personnel; and how a war’s persistence presents challenges for federal, state, and local agencies to meet military health-care needs. Such work is especially salient as US troops return home from war—particularly in communities where there are substantial military populations.
Identifying Opportunities for Improvement in Safety and Efficacy of Community Pharmacy Immunization Programs
Authors: Bazzell Brian , Kelling Sarah , Diez Heidi , Klein Kristin 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To identify opportunities to improve safe and effective immunization delivery in community pharmacies. Methods: Pharmacy managers from chains in Michigan were interviewed about their company’s immunizations programs. A survey regarding immunization training, quality assurance measures, pharmacist comfort level immunizing different patient populations, and resources used in practice was distributed to community pharmacists throughout Michigan. Results: Most pharmacists (88.8%) confirmed they received American Pharmacists Association immunization training and felt they followed the guidelines outlined in that training course very well. No routine reassessment of immunization technique was reported. In a minority of respondents, some issues were identified: (1) not being up-to-date on cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification as required by state law (7.1%), (2) lack of awareness of location of emergency kit (4.2% for epinephrine, 13.5% for diphenhydramine), and (3) feeling uncomfortable immunizing children (51% for children <7 years). Conclusion: To address quality control issues identified in the survey, we recommend chain pharmacies incorporate credential checks into annual pharmacy training requirements. Pharmacists may benefit from immunization-related continuing education requirements. State pharmacy organizations may want to take the lead in developing the material to ensure that it is timely and abides by state and federal laws.
Value conflict resolution strategies of social work students in Turkey
Authors: Hatiboğlu Burcu , Özateş Gelmez Özge Sanem , Öngen Çağıl 
Published: February 2018

Summary The aim of this study is to examine various strategies of social work students for resolving conflicts between their personal and professional values in the atmosphere of rising conservatism in neoliberal Turkey. Grounded theory was chosen to reflect the feelings and thoughts of 34 students attending a creative drama-based group on critical value education designed by the researchers. Purposeful sampling was employed to identify the participants. Notes and memos, reflective diaries, in-group discussions and a semi-structured focus-group discussion were used to collect data. The data on the conflict resolving strategies of the students are discussed in detail within anti-oppressive perspective in social work practice, theory and education in a neoliberal and neoconservative Turkish context. Findings The study reveals three main categories of conflict resolution strategies: (1) “Suppression”: An uncomfortable way to neutralize personal values, (2) Stretching boundaries via “sanctification”, and (3) “Fatalism” and pussyfooting around the status-quo. Uncomfortable feelings and fears are the basic triggers of these strategies when personal and professional values are in conflict. Applications The study gives us insight about the necessity to be more emotionally reflective and powerful practitioners while challenging the uncomfortable feelings and fear triggered when personal and professional values are in conflict. We argue that we need to adopt anti-oppressive perspective in professional practice, theory and education to overcome conflicts between personal and professional values in a neoliberal context.
Long-term changes in retinal vascular diameter and cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nunley Karen A , Metti Andrea L , Klein Ronald , Klein Barbara E , Saxton Judith A , Orchard Trevor J , Costacou Tina , Aizenstein Howard J , Rosano Caterina 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To assess associations between cognitive impairment and longitudinal changes in retinal microvasculature, over 18 years, in adults with type 1 diabetes. Research design and methods: Participants of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study received ≥3 fundus photographs between baseline (1986–1988) and time of cognitive assessment (2010–2015: N = 119; 52% male; mean age and type 1 diabetes duration 43 and 34 years, respectively). Central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent were estimated via computer-based methods; overall magnitude and speed of narrowing were quantified as cumulative average and slope, respectively. Median regression models estimated associations of central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent measures with cognitive impairment status, adjusted for type 1 diabetes duration. Interactions with HbA1c, proliferative retinopathy and white matter hyperintensities were assessed. Results: Compared with participants without cognitive impairment, those with clinically relevant cognitive impairment experienced 1.8% greater and 31.1% faster central retinal arteriolar equivalent narrowing during prior years (t = −2.93, p = 0.004 and t = −3.97, p < 0.0001, respectively). Interactions with HbA1c, proliferative retinopathy and white matter hyperintensities were not significant. No associations were found between central retinal arteriolar equivalent at baseline, at time of cognitive testing, or any central retinal venular equivalent measures, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Long-term arterial retinal changes could indicate type 1 diabetes–related cognitive impairment. Studies examining longitudinal central retinal arteriolar equivalent changes as early biomarkers of cognitive impairment risk are warranted.
Laboratory and Benchtop Performance of a Mealtime Insulin-Delivery System
Authors: Dreon Darlene M. , Hannon Trevor M. , Cross Brett , Carter Brett J. , Mercer Nicholas S. , Nguyen Jason H. , Tran Andy , Melendez Peter A. , Morales Nancy , Nelson Jonathan E. , Tan Meng H. 
Published: February 2018

Background: A basal bolus insulin regimen requires multiple daily insulin injections, which might discourage patient adherence. As a potential solution, a mealtime insulin-delivery system—a 3-day wearable bolus-only patch—was designed to manually administer mealtime insulin discreetly by actuating buttons through clothing, without the need for multiple needle sticks. Method: Extensive functional testing of the patch included dose accuracy (from initial fill of the device to empty), pressure-vacuum leak testing, last-dose lockout and occlusion detection (safety alert features that lock the dosing buttons when no insulin is delivered), assessments of insulin drug stability, toxicological risk (including chemical testing), and system biocompatibility. Results: Dosing accuracy was 2 units ±10% (with U-100 insulin) over a range of environmental conditions, with ≥95% reliability and confidence. The fluid seal performance and the safety alert features performed with ≥95% reliability and ≥95% confidence. The system met acceptable standards for insulin (U-100 lispro and aspart) stability for its intended 3-day use, in addition to the operational requirements. The toxicological risk assessment and demonstrated biocompatibility suggested that the patch is safe for human use. Conclusions: Benchtop performance showed that the bolus-only patch is a safe, accurate, and reliable device for mealtime insulin delivery.
Fecal incontinence and parity in the Dutch population: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: van Meegdenburg Maxime M , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul MA 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundIt is assumed that pregnancy and childbirth increase the risk of developing fecal incontinence (FI).ObjectiveWe investigated the incidence of FI in groups of nulliparous and parous women.MethodsRetrospectively, we studied a cross‐section of the Dutch female population (N = 680) who completed the Groningen Defecation & Fecal Continence questionnaire. We also analyzed a subgroup of healthy women (n = 572) and a subgroup of women with comorbidities (n = 108).ResultsThe prevalence of FI and the Vaizey and Wexner scores did not differ significantly between nulliparous and parous women. Parous women were 1.6 times more likely to experience fecal urgency than nulliparous women (95% CI, 1.0–2.6, p = 0.042). Regression analyses showed that parity, mode of delivery, duration of second stage of labor, obstetrical laceration or episiotomy, and birth weight seem not to be associated with the likelihood of FI.ConclusionsPregnancy and childbirth seem not to be associated with the prevalence and severity of FI in the Dutch population. Vacuum and forceps deliveries, however, might result in a higher prevalence of FI. Although the duration of being able to control bowels after urge sensation is comparable between nulliparous and parous women, parous women experience fecal urgency more often.
Selective venous sampling supports localization of adenoma in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ikuno Masaya , Yamada Takayuki , Shinjo Yasumoto , Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Kumano Reiko , Yagihashi Kunihiro , Katabami Takuyuki , Nakajima Yasuo 
Published: February 2018

Background Selective venous sampling (SVS) is an invasive localization study for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Purpose To assess the role of SVS in addition to non-invasive imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Material and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board and included 14 patients who underwent SVS and subsequent parathyroidectomy between January 2014 and April 2017 following a clinical diagnosis of pHPT. All patients underwent pre-SVS non-invasive imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and sensitivity was assessed using the operative and pathological findings. Results In all but one case, a single parathyroid adenoma was responsible for the pHPT; the remaining case exhibited a chemical response following surgical removal of parathyroid tissue. The sensitivity (%) for ultrasound, CT, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and SVS was 76.9, 84.6, 69.2, and 76.9, respectively. SVS yielded positive results in four patients with discordant results and one patient with non-detectable results on imaging. In seven patients, a significant increase in the intact parathyroid hormone level was recognized only in the thyroid veins. The procedure time was in the range of 52–183 min (median = 89.5 min). Conclusion The addition of SVS to a non-invasive imaging study would be helpful to locate the responsible lesion of pHPT with discordant or non-detectable results on imaging for initial surgical treatment as well.
Reduced red blood cell deformability in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
Authors: Barber Bridget E. , Russell Bruce , Grigg Matthew J. , Zhang Rou , William Timothy , Amir Amirah , Lau Yee Ling , Chatfield Mark D. , Dondorp Arjen M. , Anstey Nicholas M. , Yeo Tsin W. 
Published: February 2018

Key PointsRBC-D is reduced in humans with knowlesi malaria in proportion to disease severity. In humans, but not the macaque hosts, deformability of uRBCs is reduced and is related to the presence of echinocytes.
CDA as a predictive marker for life-threatening toxicities in patients with AML treated with cytarabine
Authors: Fanciullino Raphaelle , Farnault Laure , Donnette Mélanie , Imbs Diane-Charlotte , Roche Catherine , Venton Geoffroy , Berda-Haddad Yael , Ivanov Vadim , Ciccolini Joseph , Ouafik L’Houcine , Lacarelle Bruno , Costello Regis 
Published: February 2018

Key Points
Ara-C is the mainstay of treatment for patients with AML, and life-threatening toxicities are common. We demonstrated that cytidine deaminase downregulation predicts severe/lethal toxicities with cytarabine.
Facies delineation and sandstone prediction using seismic sedimentology and seismic inversion in the Eocene Huizhou Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China
Authors: Ge Jiawang , Zhu Xiaomin , Jones Brian G. , Zhang Yue , Huang Handong , Shu Yu 
Published: February 2018

Recently, the rift-related successions in the Eocene Huizhou (HZ) Depression have been considered crucial intervals for hydrocarbon exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, China. However, the facies delineation and sandstone distribution are poorly understood due to the limited well data. Our study area is the HZ25 Block in the HZ Depression, which consists of a typical overlapped synthetic transfer zone connecting the HZ26 and XJ30 Sags. Integrated analysis of seismic and logging data indicates that the Eocene Wenchang Formation can be subdivided into four third-order sequences (SQ1–4). Well-based observations reveal that the braided deltaic system is mainly characterized by distributary channels, subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bars, and sheet-sand deposits. The sandstone isopach map acquired by seismic inversion indicates that the sandstone could be 340 m thick in the SQ2 but sharply decreases in the SQ3 in the transfer zone area. Stratal slices make it possible to delineate the facies maps by extrapolating the well observations to the entire 3D seismic survey; it is suggested that the SQ2 deltaic package largely comprises braided delta plain (distributary channels) and front deposits (subaqueous distributary channels and mouth bar) with a broad distribution of [Formula: see text], whereas the SQ3 deltaic package is dominated by delta-front deposits only [Formula: see text] in extent. This study suggests that small-scale fan-delta deposits are confined to the central part of the boundary fault, whereas the transfer zone captures large-scale braided delta sediments with a long transportation distance up to 8 km. The sandstones developed in the northwestern part of the transfer zone within the SQ2 sequence are expected to form potential hydrocarbon reservoirs for future oil exploration. Furthermore, this study may have implications for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon exploration in other areas lacking well data, such as the HZ Depression.
Impact of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine on survival in adults with Down syndrome and dementia: clinical cohort study
Authors: Eady Nicole , Sheehan Rory , Rantell Khadija , Sinai Amanda , Bernal Jane , Bohnen Ingrid , Bonell Simon , Courtenay Ken , Dodd Karen , Gazizova Dina , Hassiotis Angela , Hillier Richard , McBrien Judith , Mukherji Kamalika , Naeem Asim , Perez-Achiaga Natalia , Sharma Vijaya , Thomas David , Walker Zuzana , McCarthy Jane , Strydom André 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThere is little evidence to guide pharmacological treatment in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.AimsTo investigate the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine on survival and function in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.MethodThis was a naturalistic longitudinal follow-up of a clinical cohort of 310 people with Down syndrome diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease collected from specialist community services in England.ResultsMedian survival time (5.59 years, 95% CI 4.67–6.67) for those on medication (n = 145, mainly cholinesterase inhibitors) was significantly greater than for those not prescribed medication (n = 165) (3.45 years, 95% CI 2.91–4.13, log-rank test P<0.001). Sequential assessments demonstrated an early effect in maintaining cognitive function.ConclusionsCholinesterase inhibitors appear to offer benefit for people with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease that is comparable with sporadic Alzheimer's disease; a trial to test the effect of earlier treatment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease) in Down syndrome may be indicated.Declaration of interestA.S. has undertaken consulting for Ono Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. Z.W. has received a consultancy fee and grant from GE Healthcare, outside the submitted work.
Challenges and mental health needs of women in prison
Authors: Bartlett Annie , Hollins Sheila 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe world population of women and girls in prison is increasing. Evidence points to high rates of mental health problems. Approaches to these problems vary and include both psychiatric epidemiology and gender-sensitive understanding and intervention. Prison environments and women prisoners' needs are complex and demand gender-aware care in view of women's vulnerability and histories of trauma.Declaration of interestA.B. was a clinical director of the offender care services at Central and North West London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust until August 2016, with responsibility for several women’s prison healthcare services in London and the South East, and is currently clinical director of NHS England London Health in Justice Clinical Network, paid as a salary one day a week.
Nut Consumption and Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance)
Authors: Fadelu Temidayo , Zhang Sui , Niedzwiecki Donna , Ye Xing , Saltz Leonard B. , Mayer Robert J. , Mowat Rex B. , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Benson Al B. , Atienza Daniel M. , Messino Michael , Kindler Hedy L. , Venook Alan , Ogino Shuji , Ng Kimmie , Wu Kana , Willett Walter , Giovannucci Edward , Meyerhardt Jeffrey , Bao Ying , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeObservational studies have reported increased colon cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with states of hyperinsulinemia, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high glycemic load diet. Nut intake has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. However, the effect of nut intake on colon cancer recurrence and survival is not known.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study of 826 eligible patients with stage III colon cancer who reported dietary intake on food frequency questionnaires while enrolled onto a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed associations of nut intake with cancer recurrence and mortality.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 6.5 years, compared with patients who abstained from nuts, individuals who consumed two or more servings of nuts per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for disease-free survival of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.92; Ptrend= .03) and an HR for overall survival of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74; Ptrend= .01). In subgroup analysis, the apparent benefit was confined to tree nut intake (HR for disease-free survival, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.85; Ptrend= .04; and HR for overall survival, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.82; Ptrend= .04). The association of total nut intake with improved outcomes was maintained across other known or suspected risk factors for cancer recurrence and mortality.ConclusionDiets with a higher consumption of nuts may be associated with a significantly reduced incidence of cancer recurrence and death in patients with stage III colon cancer.
Brachytherapy-Based Radiotherapy and Radical Prostatectomy Are Associated With Similar Survival in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ennis Ronald D. , Hu Liangyuan , Ryemon Shannon N. , Lin Joyce , Mazumdar Madhu 
Published: February 2018

Purpose There are no randomized trials to guide treatment decisions between radiotherapeutic and surgical options for patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Comparative studies have been limited by their ability to match patients on the basis of pretreatment prognostic variables and to adjust for the cancer-related, medical, and socioeconomic differences between patients who choose radiotherapeutic or surgical approaches. Methods We analyzed the outcome of all patients in the National Cancer Database with high-risk, clinically localized prostate cancer with complete prognostic data who were treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) combined with androgen deprivation (AD), or EBRT plus brachytherapy with or without AD. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for covariable imbalance among treatment groups. The weighted time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was then used to estimate the effects of treatment groups on survival, accounting for differential treatment initiation times. A predictive model of pathologic nodal (pLN) status was built using prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, and clinical T stage; predicted pLN status was used to repeat the inverse probability of treatment weighting and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 42,765 patients were analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between RP and EBRT plus brachytherapy with or without AD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.55). However, EBRT plus AD was associated with higher mortality than RP (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.92). Adjustment for predicted pLN status did not yield statistically different results. A sensitivity analysis showed that EBRT plus AD ≥ 7920 cGy narrowed the difference, but a significantly higher mortality remained (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.68). Conclusion After comprehensively adjusting for imbalances in prostate cancer prognostic factors, other medical conditions, and socioeconomic factors, this analysis showed no statistical difference in survival between patients treated with RP versus EBRT plus brachytherapy with or without AD. EBRT plus AD was associated with lower survival.