bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor telomere length and causes of death after unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with marrow failure
Authors: Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Aubert Geraldine , Wang Tao , Haagenson Michael , Spellman Stephen R. , Wang Lingxiao , Katki Hormuzd A. , Savage Sharon A. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2018

Key Points
Longer donor TL protects patients with SAA undergoing transplantation from infection-related death.
Identification and characterisation of a cryptic Golgi complex in Naegleria gruberi
Authors: Herman Emily K. , Yiangou Lyto , Cantoni Diego M. , Miller Christopher N. , Marciano-Cabral Francine , Anthonyrajah Erin , Dacks Joel B. , Tsaousis Anastasios D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Although the Golgi complex has a conserved morphology of flattened stacked cisternae in most eukaryotes, it has lost the stacked organisation in several lineages, raising the question of what range of morphologies is possible for the Golgi. In order to understand this diversity, it is necessary to characterise the Golgi in many different lineages. Here, we identify the Golgi complex in Naegleria, one of the first descriptions of an unstacked Golgi organelle in a non-parasitic eukaryote, other than fungi. We provide a comprehensive list of Golgi-associated membrane trafficking genes encoded in two species of Naegleria and show that nearly all are expressed in mouse-passaged N. fowleri cells. We then study distribution of the Golgi marker (Ng)CopB by fluorescence in Naegleria gruberi, identifying membranous structures that are disrupted by Brefeldin A treatment, consistent with Golgi localisation. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy reveals that NgCOPB localises to tubular membranous structures. Our data identify the Golgi organelle for the first time in this major eukaryotic lineage, and provide the rare example of a tubular morphology, representing an important sampling point for the comparative understanding of Golgi organellar diversity.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Black Carbon Reduces the Beneficial Effect of Physical Activity on Lung Function
Authors: LAEREMANS MICHELLE , DONS EVI , AVILA-PALENCIA IONE , CARRASCO-TURIGAS GLÒRIA , ORJUELA-MENDOZA JUAN PABLO , ANAYA-BOIG ESTHER , COLE-HUNTER TOM , DE NAZELLE AUDREY , NIEUWENHUIJSEN MARK , STANDAERT ARNOUT , VAN POPPEL MARTINE , DE BOEVER PATRICK , INT PANIS LUC 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
When physical activity is promoted in urban outdoor settings (e.g., walking and cycling), individuals are also exposed to air pollution. It has been reported that short-term lung function increases as a response to physical activity, but this beneficial effect is hampered when elevated air pollution concentrations are observed. Our study assessed the long-term impact of air pollution on the pulmonary health benefit of physical activity.

Methods
Wearable sensors were used to monitor physical activity levels (SenseWear) and exposure to black carbon (microAeth) of 115 healthy adults during 1 wk in three European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London). The experiment was repeated in three different seasons to approximate long-term behavior. Spirometry tests were performed at the beginning and end of each measurement week. All results were averaged on a participant level as a proxy for long-term lung function. Mixed effect regression models were used to analyze the long-term impact of physical activity, black carbon and their interaction on lung function parameters, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow (FEF)25–75, and peak expiratory flow. Interaction plots were used to interpret the significant interaction effects.

Results
Negative interaction effects of physical activity and black carbon exposure on FEV1 (P = 0.07), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.03), and FEF25–75 (P = 0.03) were observed. For black carbon concentrations up to approximately 1 μg·m−3, an additional MET·h−1·wk−1 resulted in a trend toward lung function increases (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25–75 increased 5.6 mL, 0.1% and 14.5 mL·s−1, respectively).

Conclusions
We found that lung function improved with physical activity at low black carbon levels. This beneficial effect decreased in higher air pollution concentrations. Our results suggest a greater need to reduce air pollution exposures during physical activity.
Benefits of 8-wk Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction or Aerobic Training on Seasonal Declines in Physical Activity
Authors: MEYER JACOB D. , TORRES ELISA R. , GRABOW MAGGIE L. , ZGIERSKA ALEKSANDRA E. , TENG HAO YANG , COE CHRISTOPHER L. , BARRETT BRUCE P. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and aerobic exercise training (AET) programs improve health and well-being. Exercise participation has been related to mindfulness and may be altered by MBSR training.

Purpose
This study aimed to compare 8 wk of MBSR, AET, and no-treatment control during the fall season on objectively measured physical activity in healthy adults.

Methods
Participants (n = 66) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 d prerandomization and after 8 wk MBSR or AET interventions, or neither (control). Mean daily minutes (min) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) were calculated along with weekly time spent in bouts of MVPA ≥10 min (MVPABouts) to assess physical activity sufficient to meet national guidelines. Groups were compared on pairwise changes in outcomes across time. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d.

Results
Sufficient data (≥3 weekdays, ≥1 weekend day, and ≥10 h·d−1) were obtained from 49 participants (18 MBSR, 14 AET, and 17 control). Daily MVPA decreased in all groups from prerandomization to postintervention (August to November); control decreased 17.9 ± 25.7 min·d−1, MBSR decreased 5.7 ± 7.5 min·d−1, and AET decreased 7.4 ± 14.3 min·d−1 (mean ± SD), without significant differences among the groups (all P > 0.05). MVPABouts decreased 77.3 ± 106.6 min·wk−1 in control and 15.5 ± 37.0 min·wk−1 in MBSR (between-group difference: P = 0.08; d = 0.86), whereas it increased by 5.7 ± 64.1 min·wk−1 in AET (compared with control: P = 0.029; d = 0.97; compared with MBSR; P = 0.564; d = 0.29).

Conclusion
Data from participants in a randomized controlled trial showed that although AET increases MVPA bouts compared with no treatment, MBSR training may also mitigate the influence of shorter day length and cooler weather on participation in physical activities. Future research is needed to determine how MBSR affects exercise to inform interventions. Interventions combining MBSR and exercise may be particularly successful at increasing physical activity participation.
Typification of the names inTrifoliumdescribed by Gaetano Savi
Authors: Roma-Marzio Francesco , D’Antraccoli Marco , Astuti Giovanni , Maccioni Simonetta , Amadei Lucia , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBetween 1789 and 1825, Gaetano Savi described elevenTrifoliumnames, ten of which are not yet typified. In order to fix the application of these names, nomenclatural types are designated here and previous typifications are discussed. For eight names (T. bocconei, T. elegans, T. michelianum, T. obscurum, T. praetutianum, T. rigidum, T. sebastiani, T. supinum) we designated a lectotype (two illustrations and six specimens in PI), forT. conicumwe located the holotype in PI, and forT. for–mosumandT. vesiculosuma neotype in PI was selected. For the latter name, also an isoneotype was located in P. Furthermore, we selected an epitype forT. elegansin PI (isoepitype in FI).
Revision of failed total ankle arthroplasty to a hindfoot fusion
Authors: Ali A. A. , Forrester R. A. , O’Connor P. , Harris N. J. 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to present a series of patients with aseptic failure of a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) who were treated with fusion of the hindfoot using a nail.Patients and MethodsA total of 23 TAAs, in 22 patients, were revised for aseptic loosening and balloon osteolysis to a hindfoot fusion by a single surgeon (NH) between January 2012 and August 2014. The procedure was carried out without bone graft using the Phoenix, Biomet Hindfoot Arthrodesis Nail. Preoperative investigations included full blood count, CRP and ESR, and radiological investigations including plain radiographs and CT scans. Postoperative plain radiographs were assessed for fusion. When there was any doubt, CT scans were performed.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 13.9 months (4.3 to 37.2). Union occurred at the tibiotalar joint in 22 ankles (95.6%) with one partial union. Union occurred at the subtalar joint in 20 ankles (87%) of cases with two nonunions. The nail broke in one patient with a subtalar nonunion and revision was undertaken. The only other noted complication was one patient who suffered a stress fracture at the proximal aspect of the nail, which was satisfactorily treated conservatively.ConclusionThis study represents the largest group of patients reported to have undergone revision TAA to fusion of the hindfoot with good results Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:475–9.
Isolation and identification of two extremely halophilic archaea from sebkhas in the Algerian Sahara
Authors: Khallef Sakina , Lestini Roxane , Myllykallio Hannu , Houali Karim 
Published: April 2018

In Algeria, many salt lakes are to be found spread from southern Tunisia up to the Atlas Mountains in northern Algeria. Oum Eraneb and Ain El beida sebkhas (salt lakes), are located in the Algerian Sahara. The aim of this study was to explore the diversity of the halobacteria in this type of habitats. The physicochemical properties of these shallow saline environments were examined and compared with other hypersaline and marine ecosystems. Both sites were relatively alkaline with a pH around 8.57- 8.74 and rich in salt at 13% and 16% (w/v) salinity for Oum Eraneb and Ain El beida, respectively, with dominant ions of sodium and chloride. The microbial approach revealed the presence of two halophilic archaea, strains JCM13561 and A33T in both explored sebkhas. Growth occurred between 10 and 25% (w/v) NaCl and the isolates grow optimally at 20% (w/v) NaCl. The pH range for growth was 6 to 9.5 with an optimum at pH 7.5 for the first strain and 7 to 9.5 with an optimum pH at 8.5-9 for the second strain. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains JCM13561 and A33T were most closely related to Halorubrum litoreum and Natronorubrum bangense (99% and 96% similarity, respectively).
Effect of Tunceli garlic on some immunological parameters in Cyprinus carpio exposed to chlorpyrifos
Authors: Pala Ayşegül , Åžeker Engin , Yonar M. Enis 
Published: April 2018

In this study, the effect of Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianium) on hemoglobin (Hb) level, oxidative radical production of neutrophils (Nitoblue tetrazolium assay-NBT activity) and total immunoglobulin (TI) content in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) was investigated. The 96 hour LC50 value of CPF on C. carpio was calculated to as 0.230 mg/L. The fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration of chlorpyrifos (1/8 of LC50 value: 0.029 mg/L), and Tunceli garlic (20 and 40 g/kg diet) was simultaneously administered for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from the fishes at 7, 14 and 21 days and analysed to determine the Hb levels, the NBT activity and the TI content. There was a significant decrease in the Hb level, the NBT activity and the TI content of CPF-treated fish. However, Tunceli garlic reversed the Hb level, the NBT activity and the TI content. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CPF had a negative effect on the immunological values of the fish. The simultaneous administration of Tunceli garlic was neutralised CPF-induced toxicity.
Firing of Putative Dopamine Neurons in Ventral Tegmental Area Is Modulated by Probability of Success during Performance of a Stop-Change Task
Authors: Tennyson Stephen S. , Brockett Adam T. , Hricz Nicholas W. , Bryden Daniel W. , Roesch Matthew R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResponse inhibition, the ability to refrain from unwanted actions, is an essential component of complex behavior and is often impaired across numerous neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Accordingly, much research has been devoted to characterizing brain regions responsible for the regulation of response inhibition. The stop-signal task, a task in which animals are required to inhibit a prepotent response in the presence of a STOP cue, is one of the most well-studied tasks of response inhibition. While pharmacological evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) contributes to the regulation of response inhibition, what is exactly encoded by DA neurons during performance of response inhibition tasks is unknown. To address this issue, we recorded from single units in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), while rats performed a stop-change task. We found that putative DA neurons fired less and higher to cues and reward on STOP trials relative to GO trials, respectively, and that firing was reduced during errors. These results suggest that DA neurons in VTA encode the uncertainty associated with the probability of obtaining reward on difficult trials instead of the saliency associated with STOP cues or the need to resolve conflict between competing responses during response inhibition.
BACE1 Mediates HIV-Associated and Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage Through an APP-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Stern Anna L. , Ghura Shivesh , Gannon Patrick J. , Akay-Espinoza Cagla , Phan Jessica M. , Yee Alan C. , Vassar Robert , Gelman Benjamin B. , Kolson Dennis L. , Jordan-Sciutto Kelly L. 
Published: April 2018

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) share common symptoms with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Plaques are formed by aggregation of Aβ oligomers, which may be the toxic species in AD pathogenesis, and oligomers are generated by cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). BACE1 inhibitors reverse neuronal loss and cognitive decline in animal models of AD. Although studies have also found evidence of altered APP processing in HIV+patients, it is unknown whether increased BACE1 expression or Aβ oligomer production is a common neuropathological feature of HAND. Moreover, it is unknown whether BACE1 or APP is involved in the excitotoxic, NMDAR-dependent component of HIV-associated neurotoxicityin vitro. Herein, we hypothesize that HIV-associated neurotoxicity is mediated by NMDAR-dependent elevation of BACE1 and subsequent altered processing of APP. Supporting this, we observed elevated levels of BACE1 and Aβ oligomers in CNS of male and female HIV+patients. In a model of HIV-associated neurotoxicity in which rat neurons are treated with supernatants from HIV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages, we observed NMDAR-dependent elevation of BACE1 protein. NMDA treatment also increased BACE1 and both pharmacological BACE1 inhibition and genetic loss of APP were partially neuroprotective. Moreover, in APP knock-out (APP−/−) mouse neurons, NMDA-induced toxicity was BACE1 independent, indicating that cytotoxicity of BACE1 is dependent upon APP cleavage. Our findings suggest that increased BACE1 and the resultant Aβ oligomer production may contribute to HIV-associated neuropathogenesis and inhibition of BACE1 could have therapeutic potential in HANDs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) represent a range of cognitive impairments affecting ∼50% of HIV+individuals. The specific causes of HAND are unknown, but evidence suggests that HIV-infected macrophage infiltration into the brain may cause neuronal damage. Herein, we show that neurons treated with conditioned media from HIV-infected macrophages have increased expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Moreover, inhibition of BACE1 prevented neuronal loss after conditioned media exposure, but had no effect on HIV-associated neurotoxicity in neurons lacking its cleavage target amyloid precursor protein. We also observed increased BACE1 expression in HIV+patient brain tissue, confirming the potential relevance of BACE1 as a therapeutic target in HANDs.
Time Course of Brain Network Reconfiguration Supporting Inhibitory Control
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Westner Britta U. , Silton Rebecca L. , Sass Sarah M. , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Rockstroh Brigitte , Heller Wendy , Miller Gregory A. 
Published: April 2018

Hemodynamic research has recently clarified key nodes and links in brain networks implementing inhibitory control. Although fMRI methods are optimized for identifying the structure of brain networks, the relatively slow temporal course of fMRI limits the ability to characterize network operation. The latter is crucial for developing a mechanistic understanding of how brain networks shift dynamically to support inhibitory control. To address this critical gap, we applied spectrally resolved Granger causality (GC) and random forest machine learning tools to human EEG data in two large samples of adults (test samplen= 96, replication samplen= 237, totalN= 333, both sexes) who performed a color–word Stroop task. Time–frequency analysis confirmed that recruitment of inhibitory control accompanied by slower behavioral responses was related to changes in theta and alpha/beta power. GC analyses revealed directionally asymmetric exchanges within frontal and between frontal and parietal brain areas: top-down influence of superior frontal gyrus (SFG) over both dorsal ACC (dACC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), dACC control over middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and frontal–parietal exchanges (IFG, precuneus, MFG). Predictive analytics confirmed a combination of behavioral and brain-derived variables as the best set of predictors of inhibitory control demands, with SFG theta bearing higher classification importance than dACC theta and posterior beta tracking the onset of behavioral response. The present results provide mechanistic insight into the biological implementation of a psychological phenomenon: inhibitory control is implemented by dynamic routing processes during which the target response is upregulated via theta-mediated effective connectivity within key PFC nodes and via beta-mediated motor preparation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHemodynamic neuroimaging research has recently clarified regional structures in brain networks supporting inhibitory control. However, due to inherent methodological constraints, much of this research has been unable to characterize the temporal dynamics of such networks (e.g., direction of information flow between nodes). Guided by fMRI research identifying the structure of brain networks supporting inhibitory control, results of EEG source analysis in a test sample (n= 96) and replication sample (n= 237) using effective connectivity and predictive analytics strategies advance a model of inhibitory control by characterizing the precise temporal dynamics by which this network operates and exemplify an approach by which mechanistic models can be developed for other key psychological processes.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Epilepsy
Authors: Rempe Ralf G. , Hartz Anika M.S. , Soldner Emma L.B. , Sokola Brent S. , Alluri Satya R. , Abner Erin L. , Kryscio Richard J. , Pekcec Anton , Schlichtiger Juli , Bauer Björn 
Published: April 2018

The blood-brain barrier is dysfunctional in epilepsy, thereby contributing to seizure genesis and resistance to antiseizure drugs. Previously, several groups reported that seizures increase brain glutamate levels, which leads to barrier dysfunction. One critical component of barrier dysfunction is brain capillary leakage. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesized that glutamate released during seizures mediates an increase in matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity levels, thereby contributing to barrier leakage. To test this hypothesis, we exposed isolated brain capillaries from male Sprague Dawley rats to glutamateex vivoand used anin vivo/ex vivoapproach of isolated brain capillaries from female Wistar rats that experienced status epilepticus as an acute seizure model. We found that exposing isolated rat brain capillaries to glutamate increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and activity levels, and decreased tight junction protein levels, which resulted in barrier leakage. We confirmed these findingsin vivoin rats after status epilepticus and in brain capillaries from male mice lacking cytosolic phospholipase A2. Together, our data support the hypothesis that glutamate released during seizures signals an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and activity levels, resulting in blood-brain barrier leakage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mechanism leading to seizure-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy is poorly understood. In the present study, we focused on defining this mechanism in the brain capillary endothelium. We demonstrate that seizures trigger a pathway that involves glutamate signaling through cytosolic phospholipase A2, which increases MMP levels and decreases tight junction protein expression levels, resulting in barrier leakage. These findings may provide potential therapeutic avenues within the blood-brain barrier to limit barrier dysfunction in epilepsy and decrease seizure burden.
Fatores de risco para morte em pacientes com sepse em uma unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Prado Patricia Rezende do , Volpáti Natasha Varjão , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Atila Elisabeth , Maggi Luís Eduardo , Amaral Thatiana Lameira Maciel 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: determinar os principais fatores de risco para a morte em pacientes com sepse em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva, onde foram incluídos 124 prontuários de pacientes que tiveram diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de sepse. A probabilidade condicional de morte foi calculada através do método de Kaplan-Meier; o risco de morte foi estimado pela razão de risco, utilizando modelo de regressão de Cox com p<0,050. Resultados: o foco principal da infecção foi o sistema respiratório. Em relação ao desfecho, morreram 40,3% pacientes com sepse, 73,9% com sepse grave e 69,2% com choque séptico. Os pacientes com sepse abdominal e que utilizaram vasopressores apresentaram maior risco de morte. Conclusão: pacientes sépticos com fonte abdominal de infecção e fazendo uso de agentes vasopressores apresentaram maior risco de morte, enquanto que pacientes traqueostomizados tiveram melhores chances de sobreviver.
Comparing the effects of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on the serum level of blood sugar in patients undergoing cesarean
Authors: Kouzegaran Samaneh , Sarjughi Hoda , Tanha Amir Saber 
Published: April 2018

Objective
This paper aims to study the influence of both general and spinal anesthesia on blood sugar changes in patients undergoing cesarean.

Methods
This is a single-blind clinical trial study conducted on 60 patients with classes 1 and 2 anesthesia. The patients were divided by chance into the general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia groups (each contains 30 members). The patients in the spinal group were blocked up to the T4 level and similar methods and medicines were also utilized for those in the general anesthesia group.

Results
No significant difference was observed in the blood sugar levels of both groups before and after the operation, but the group, which had utilized the general anesthesia method, had reported with lower levels of blood sugar than the spinal anesthesia group after operation with a significant difference (P < 0.05). A difference has been observed in the levels of blood sugar at 2, 12, and 24 h after the operation in both groups, but it was not a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
However, none of the mentioned methods had any influence on reduction of blood sugar levels during the recovery or the period after it.