bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment ineffectiveness towards Haemonchus contortus is highly prevalent in sheep and goat farms of North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Maurizio Anna , Dotto Giorgia , Fasoli Antonia , Gaio Francesco , Petratti Sara , Pertile Alice , Tessarin Cinzia , Marchiori Erica , Dellamaria Debora , Vadlejch Jaroslav , Cassini Rudi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global threat to grazing livestock farming. In Italy, anthelmintic efficacy remains high compared to other European countries, but many parts of the country haven’t been investigated yet. Local veterinary practitioners from Trentino and Veneto regions reported suspected inefficacy towards anthelmintic drugs in some of their farms, prompting a study on AR in sheep and goat farms of northern Italy. The study aimed to assess anthelmintic effectiveness using genus-specific faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT), to detect differences in treatment response among nematode genera involved in the infection.

Results
Twelve farms (6 sheep and 6 goat farms) were included based on clinical suspicion of AR. Treatments were carried out with either benzimidazoles (BZ) or macrocyclic lactones (ML) Treatment was effective in 3/6 goat trials, with reduced effectiveness to BZ in two farms and to ML the last one. In sheep farms (6/6), effectiveness was consistently and more severely insufficient. Ineffectiveness was particularly high towards Haemonchus contortus, while Oesophagostomum/Chabertia maintained susceptibility in nearly all trials. Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia exhibited intermediate results.

Conclusions
This study reveals diminished efficacy of both BZ and ML in small ruminant farms in north-eastern Italy, an area previously lacking data on the topic, except for goats in South Tyrol. Variability in treatment responses among nematode genera support suspicions of AR, and further concerns are raised by the prevalence of treatment ineffectiveness against the highly pathogenic Haemonchus contortus. This finding underscores the urgent need for comprehensive AR monitoring in the area and improved management practices to prevent further resistance development and protect livestock health.
Clinical evaluation of serum miR-513a-3p combined with arterial blood gas analysis parameters and lung ultrasound score in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Du Tingting , Lei Hui , Dong Jian , Wang Ye , Li Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is harmful to neonates and the prognosis is variable, ranging from mild to severe forms. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of miR-513a-3p in conjunction with arterial blood gas analysis parameters and lung ultrasound (LUS) score in the context of NRDS.

Methods
The study included 169 preterm infants, including 106 newborns with NRDS and 63 newborns without NRDS. The relative expression level of miR-513a-3p was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Umbilical artery blood gas parameter values and LUS score were recorded, and the clinical significance of miR-513a-3p, umbilical artery blood gas parameter and LUS score in NRDS were evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
Elevated levels of miR-513a-3p were detected in the serum of NRDS, and higher expression of miR-513a-3p was observed in individuals with poor prognosis. Notably, miR-513a-3p exhibited a significant correlation with the parameters of arterial blood gas analysis and LUS score in NRDS patients. Furthermore, miR-513a-3p was one of the risk factors for poor prognosis in NRDS patients. miR-513a-3p levels combined with umbilical artery blood gas parameters and LUS score has diagnostic value for NRDS and is reliable for its prognosis.

Conclusions
Elevated levels of miR-513a-3p in neonatal serum served as a useful tool in the combined assessment with umbilical artery blood gas analysis and LUS score to diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS. Consequently, miR-513a-3p may be served as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS.
Expecting the expected – learning from the past to provide forward scenarios through geomorphic change detection, monitoring and modeling
Authors: Bossi G. , Cavalli M. , Mantovani M. , Catelan F. T. , Ballaera A. , Ceccotto F. , Marcato G. , Pasuto A 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper tells the story of a landslide, its origins, its activity and the actions undertaken to mitigate the risks that it poses. The Rotolon landslide is a large Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DGSD), located in the Eastern Italian Alps, whose unremitting movements provide a sediment supply for large-scale debris flow events. It has been active since at least 1789, threatening the valley where the thermal baths town of Recoaro Terme is located. In 2010, a major reactivation of the landslide channelled 320,000 m3 of material towards the town causing significant concern, the evacuation of the exposed population and threatening several buildings. A few days after the emergency, the personnel of the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the Italian Research Council (IRPI-CNR) deployed a monitoring system consisting of an automatic total station, several extensometers and web cameras to monitor the evolution of the unstable slope and set up an early warning and alarm system equipped with sirens to warn the local population. Subsequently, after the emergency phase, the 2010 event was studied through multi-temporal LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and modeling. The authors have continued monitoring and actively studying this landslide ever since. In 2020, a new LiDAR survey of the area allowed assessment of the sediment dynamics within the catchment through the comparison with the post-2010 event LiDAR DTM. Based on DEM of difference maps, new insight into the behaviour of the catchment emerged, which appears to be influenced both by natural processes and anthropic activities. The authors were able to assess the amount of sediment that could be stored in the channel without causing overflooding and to calculate the expected damage to the built environment should another event occur. Furthermore, the considerable amount of data collected by the monitoring system throughout the years has allowed identification of two active sectors of the DGSD that may be prone to detachment, and through numerical modeling, future hazard scenarios were produced. Based on these outcomes, a second-tier targeted monitoring campaign was implemented, consisting of a network of four permanent GNSS receivers, additional topographic benchmarks and web cameras, and a new early warning protocol, in an ever-updating cycle of monitoring, modeling and mitigation.
Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and/or soluble egg antigen on allergic reaction in male mice
Authors: Amer Noura , Kamel Reem O. A. , Abd-Elhalem Sahar Sobhy , Bayaumy Fatma E. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Innovative treatments are being examined to develop more effective and innocuous protective medications for allergic conditions. In recent times, helminth-based immunotherapy is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic approach that could establish a pathway for controlling anaphylaxis. To the extent of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that examine the protective effect of both Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and its soluble egg antigen (SEA) together against anaphylaxis. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine and compare the impact of SEA immunization and/or S. mansoni infection on Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model.

Results
The outcome results revealed that S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization were able to improve body weight, reduce the mortality rate, increase plasma IgE and IgG4 levels and decrease histamine levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, they elevated interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-beta (ΤGF-β) levels in BALF. They also restored the stabilization of peritoneal mast cells (MCs) membrane in inverted light microscopy results accompanied by amelioration of the lung and liver histology.

Conclusions
The present study provided indication for the prophylactic effects of S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization against OVA-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model. Also, it focuses on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of helminth-derived products administration that might be related to upregulation of immune regulatory mechanisms. As a result, S. mansoni-derived products may be used as preventative supplemented treatments to inhibit the development of anaphylaxis which provides us with a new vision for developing pioneering therapy.
Appraising the corrosion inhibitory efficacy and adsorption mechanism of leaf extract of Datura discolor on low-carbon steel in low pH media via gravimetric experiments and AFM analysis
Authors: Ahanotu Cornelius C. , Ezigbo Veronica O. , Okonkwo Sylvia I. , Madu Kenneth C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The study investigated the inhibitory action of Datura discolor leaf extract against the corrosion of low-carbon steel in 0.5 M solutions of three acids. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of extract concentration, immersion time and temperature variation on corrosion inhibitory efficiency, and to relate to existing reports which show that organic molecules in most plant extracts inhibit corrosion. Extraction of the leaves was done by maceration using methanol, and solvent was removed by evaporation to dryness. Classical gravimetric (mass loss) experiments were used, and experimental data were fitted to adsorption isotherm models to ascertain the best approximation. Surface examination of the low-carbon steel substrates was carried out using the atomic force microscope.

Results
Inhibitory protective efficiency of extract was found to appreciate with increasing Datura discolor leaf extract concentration at a fixed temperature, with values ranging 77.6–88.8%, 91.35–98.08% and 19.64–44.64% in H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 solutions respectively at 27 °C. Elevation of temperature was found to depreciate the inhibitor efficiency at constant inhibitor concentration. Best isotherm model fitting was obtained with Langmuir model both at 27 °C and 60 °C and in all the hostile media, while Temkin model gave good approximation only at 60 °C and in H2SO4 and HCl solutions only. The negative values of free energy of adsorption $$(\Delta G_{{{\text{ads}}}}^{0} )$$

(
Δ

G

ads

0

)

suggested that the adsorptive interaction of the inhibitor with the substrate surface was very spontaneous. Values of $$\Delta G_{{{\text{ads}}}}^{0}$$

Δ

G

ads

0

were all consistent, fluctuating between − 16.35 and − 17.63 kJ mol−1 in both H2SO4 and HCl solutions, and between − 9.76 and − 10.25 kJ mol−1 in HNO3 solution, and this suggests that adsorption of the inhibitor molecules occurred via physisorption. Values of the activation energy of the corrosion reaction $$(E_{{{\text{act}}}} )$$

(

E
act

)

are all < 40 kJ mol−1, suggesting that the inhibition occurred by a physical adsorption mechanism.

Conclusions
The study concludes that Datura discolor crude leaf extract suppressed the corrosion reactions, and the inhibition was found to arise from the physisorptive interaction of the organic molecules with the substrate/solution interface, forming a stabilize inhibitor film on the substrate surface as revealed by the atomic force micrographs.
All black: a microplastic extraction combined with colour-based analysis allows identification and characterisation of tire wear particles (TWP) in soils
Authors: Foetisch Alexandra , Grunder Adrian , Kuster Benjamin , Stalder Tobias , Bigalke Moritz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile tire wear particles (TWP) have been estimated to represent more than 90% of the total microplastic (MP) emitted in European countries and may have environmental health effects, only few data about TWP concentrations and characteristics are available today. The lack of data stems from the fact that no standardized, cost efficient or accessible extraction and identification method is available yet. We present a method allowing the extraction of TWP from soil, performing analysis with a conventional optical microscope and a machine learning approach to identify TWP in soil based on their colour. The lowest size of TWP which could be measured reliably with an acceptable recovery using our experimental set-up was 35 µm. Further improvements would be possible given more advanced technical infrastructure (higher optical magnification and image quality). Our method showed a mean recovery of 85% in the 35–2000 µm particle size range and no blank contamination. We tested for possible interference from charcoal (as another black soil component with similar properties) in the soils and found a reduction of the interference from charcoal by 92% during extraction. We applied our method to a highway adjacent soil at 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, and 10 m and detected TWP in all samples with a tendency to higher concentrations at 1 m and 2 m from the road compared to 10 m from the road. The observed TWP concentrations were in the same order of magnitude as what was previously reported in literature in highway adjacent soils. These results demonstrate the potential of the method to provide quantitative data on the occurrence and characteristics of TWP in the environment. The method can be easily implemented in many labs, and help to address our knowledge gap regarding TWP concentrations in soils.
A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid
Authors: Kang Xiamei , Jin Canghong , Gu Pengkun , Wang Song , Gao Zhengjie , Dai Chenyi , Zhou Xiao , Siddique Abubakar , Zhou Haiyang , Huang Linlin , Li Yan , Yue Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPullorum disease and fowl typhoid are caused by the Salmonella serovars Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum, respectively. The prevalence of these diseases varies across regions and is affected by different risk factors that remain insufficiently documented. To fill this knowledge gap, we have compiled a global dataset for its prevalence, drawing upon a collection of literature from the last seven decades obtained from bilingual databases. However, a more interactive and dynamic platform is still needed for both academics and policymakers to improve biosecurity measures, limit disease transmission, and prevent future outbreaks at the global and local levels. Here, we developed an advanced visualization platform to depict the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum, especially in China, which is categorized by geographical region and temporal span. The platform offers a user-friendly, efficient, and visually engaging tool to explore the prevalence of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid between 1945 and 2021 in different regions. Additionally, this platform allows users to understand the influence of various factors, such as breed, farm mode, economic usage and even the sex of the primary host, chickens, on the prevalence of this disease. We further provided a detailed overview of individual province within China. In particular, by selecting two different provinces on the interface, users can quickly visualize and grasp the disparities in disease prevalence between the chosen regions. This interactive toolkit enables a dynamic exploration of the patterns and factors contributing to the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum. This interactive platform is freely available open source at http://139.9.85.208/.
2025 ACSM Worldwide Fitness Trends: Future Directions of the Health and Fitness Industry
Authors: Newsome A'Naja M. , Batrakoulis Alexios , Camhi Sarah M. , McAvoy Cayla , Sansone Jessica (Sudock) , Reed Rachelle ,   Contributors:
Published: October 2024

Apply It!• Identify predictions for the top 20 fitness trends in the United States and across the globe for 2025.• Utilize data informed decision making to promote physical activity in the commercial, clinical, corporate, and community fitness sectors.• Evaluate trend themes across regions to support consumer health and fitness.
Midwives' perspectives on personalised maternity care in the UK
Authors: Wagstaff Jayne , Draper-Jennings Nicola , Darwin Zoë , Stacey Tomasina 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims Personalised care is associated with high-quality, safe maternity care. Limited evidence exists on midwives' perception of personalised care and potential barriers and facilitators associated with implementing it in practice. The aim of this study was to explore midwives' perspectives of personalised care. Methods An online mixed-methods survey was conducted exploring the perspectives of 46 NHS midwives. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results Assessing individual needs was perceived as a key facilitator and time restrictions were considered a significant barrier to providing personalised care in practice. Conclusions Providing personalised care is associated with increased job satisfaction for midwives, and key barriers include inflexible healthcare systems and limited resources. Implications for practice The findings contribute to an understanding of the factors that influence the provision of personalised care and have the potential to inform improvements in maternity services.
Chronic intractable nontuberculous mycobacterial-infected wound after acupuncture therapy in the elbow joint: A case report
Authors: Kim Jong Hyup , Koh In Chang , Lim Soo Yeon , Kang Seong Hee , Kim Hoon 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections are rare, particularly post-acupuncture therapy, and present diagnostic challenges due to their infrequency and potential severity. Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial for optimal outcomes. NTM-infected wounds involving the joints are difficult to treat, and only a few cases have been reported.
CASE SUMMARY
We present a case of a chronic intractable NTM-infected wound on the elbow joint that completely healed with conservative wound care and antibiotic treatment. An 81-year-old woman presented with a chronic, ulcerative wound on the right elbow joint where she had undergone repeated acupuncture therapy for chronic intolerable pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed synovial thickening, effusion, and subcutaneous cystic lesions. An orthopedic surgeon performed open synovectomy and serial debridement. However, 1 month postoperatively, the wound had not healed and became chronic. A wound culture revealed NTM (Mycobacterium abscessus ), and the patient was referred to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Instead of surgical intervention, conservative wound care with intravenous antibiotics was provided, considering the wound status and the patient’s poor general condition. Complete wound healing was achieved in 12 months, with no impact on the range of motion of the elbow joint.
CONCLUSION
With clinical awareness, musculoskeletal NTM infection can be treated with conservative wound care and appropriate antimicrobial agents.
Mid-infrared arrayed waveguide gratings using a quantum cascade laser gain medium as core material
Authors: Karnik Tushar Sanjay , Diehl Laurent , Du Qingyang , Pflügl Christian , Vakhshoori Daryoosh , Hu Juejun 
Published: October 2024

Mid-infrared photonics is a widely researched field with several applications, such as chemical sensing and spectroscopy. The development of photonic integrated circuits for the mid-infrared can enable the reduction in device size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption. This paper demonstrates arrayed waveguide gratings working in the mid-infrared regime (5–5.4 µm). Our devices are fabricated on an InP-based quantum cascade laser platform with the gain medium as the waveguide core. To minimize the propagation losses caused by free carrier absorption and intersubband absorption in the unbiased QCL structure, we exposed the photonic chips to proton implantation. The performance of three sets of AWGs with different etch depths was characterized. The lowest waveguide losses were measured to be 2 dB/cm. The best performing 7×1 AWG and 13×1 AWG designs featured insertion losses of −2dB and −2.5dB, respectively. This study showcases the feasibility of applying such a platform for easy integration with active components like lasers and photodetectors, paving the path for on-chip mid-infrared applications.
Impact of COVID-19 on essential healthcare services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for future pandemics
Authors: Abera Admas , Fenta Esete Habtemariam , Woldehanna Berhan Tassew , Wolde Firmaye Bogale , legesse Meseret , Regassa Lemma Demissie , Mor Siobhan , Kaba Mirgissa 
Published: October 2024

Background
Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to health systems, with countries needing to balance the demands of responding directly to the pandemic, while simultaneously continuing provision of essential health services. This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on essential healthcare services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based retrospective study was undertaken in 30 health centers in Addis Ababa which were selected using simple random sampling. Secondary data were extracted for 22 indicators on maternal and child health, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and outpatient services for the period spanning between July 2019 and October 2020. These indicators were selected based on the WHO operational guidance on maintaining essential health services during an outbreak guide, essential packages of health services in Ethiopia and expert consultation. The difference in the trends of services before and during COVID-19 was compared using linear-by-linear tests and the difference of magnitude across the indicators was compared using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) interrupted time series analysis at a 5% significance level.

Results
Overall, more than 1.7 million people visited the studied facilities for outpatient services, and 18,325 mothers attended skilled delivery in the study period. The present study found that the mean number of patients treated for TB declined by 35 patients (β: -34.62; 95%CI: -50.29, -18.95) compared to the pre-COVID-19 era while the number of new patients enrolled for ART decreased by 71 patients (β: -70.62; 95%CI: -107.19, -34.05). Regarding maternal health services, the number of women who received post-natal care decreased by about 215 mothers (β: -214.87; 95%CI: -331.57, -98.17). Similarly, the mean number of clients served at inpatient services declined by 34 (β: -33.72; 95%CI: -68.55, 1.05). On the other hand, the mean number of patients screened for diabetes and hypertension during the pandemic increased by more than 1014 (β: 1014.5; 95%CI: 103.07, 1925.92) and 610 patients (β: 611.21; 95%CI: 302.42, 919.99), respectively. However, changes with regard to antenatal care, skilled birth delivery, and children immunization services did not show a statistically significant change after COVID-19 was reported in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
Despite the notable efforts to sustain essential health services amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, our study revealed that there were disruptions in these services. This reinforces the need to adapt strategies to ensure sustainable provision of essential health services when pandemics of COVID19 magnitude cause disruptions of the health services.