bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nodule‐localized phosphate transporter GmPT7 plays an important role in enhancing symbiotic N2 fixation and yield in soybean
Authors: Chen Liyu , Qin Lu , Zhou Lili , Li Xinxin , Chen Zhichang , Sun Lili , Wang Wenfei , Lin Zhihao , Zhao Jing , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua , Liao Hong 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Symbiotic nitrogen (N2) fixation plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Efficient N2 fixation requires various materials, including phosphate (Pi); however, the molecular mechanism underlying the transport of Pi into nodules and bacteroids remains largely unknown.

A nodule‐localized Pi transporter, GmPT7, was functionally characterized in soybean (Glycine max) and its role in N2 fixation and yield was investigated via composite and whole transgenic plants.

GmPT7 protein was localized to the plasma membrane and showed transport activity for Pi in yeast. Altered expression of GmPT7 changed 33Pi uptake from rhizosphere and translocation to bacteroids. GmPT7 was mainly localized to the outer cortex and fixation zones of the nodules. Overexpression of GmPT7 promoted nodulation, and increased plant biomass, shoot nitrogen and phosphorus content, resulting in improved soybean yield by up to 36%. Double suppression of GmPT5 and GmPT7 led to nearly complete elimination of nodulation and over 50% reduction in plant biomass, shoot nitrogen and phosphorus content, indicating that both GmPT7 and GmPT5 contribute to Pi transport for N2 fixation.

Taken together, our results indicate that GmPT7 is a transporter responsible for direct Pi entry to nodules and further to fixation zones, which is required for enhancing symbiotic N2 fixation and grain yield of soybean.
Detection of genuine grass pollen sensitization in children by skin testing with a recombinant grass pollen hybrid
Authors: Douladiris Nikolaos , Garib Victoria , Focke‐Tejkl Margit , Valenta Rudolf , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Linhart Birgit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin testing represents a commonly used first diagnostic method in clinical practice, but allergen extracts may vary in composition and often contain cross‐reactive allergens and therefore do not always allow the precise identification of the sensitizing allergen source. Our aim was to investigate the suitability of a single recombinant hybrid molecule, consisting of the four major timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6) for in vivo diagnosis of genuine grass pollen allergy in children suffering from pollinosis.MethodsSixty‐four children aged from 6 to 17 years with a positive skin reaction and/or specific IgE to grass pollen extract and respiratory symptoms of pollinosis as well as 9 control children with allergy to other allergen sources were studied. SPT was performed with the recombinant hybrid, the four recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens, and grass pollen extract. Specific IgE reactivity to 176 micro‐arrayed allergen molecules was determined using ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. IgE reactivity to the hybrid was detected by non‐denaturing RAST‐based dot blot assay.ResultsGenuine grass pollen sensitization was confirmed in 94% of the children with positive SPT to grass pollen extract by SPT and IgE reactivity to the hybrid. The four hybrid‐negative children showed IgE reactivity to cross‐reactive allergens such as Phl p 4, Phl p 11, and Phl p 12 and had also sensitizations to pollen allergens from unrelated plants.ConclusionsThe recombinant hybrid molecule represents a useful tool for in vivo diagnosis of genuine grass pollen sensitization.
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Modulates O‐H Photodissociation in Molecular Aggregates of a Catechol Derivative
Authors: Grieco Christopher , Kohl Forrest R. , Zhang Yuyuan , Natarajan Sangeetha , Blancafort Lluís , Kohler Bern 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe catechol functional group plays a major role in the chemistry of a wide variety of molecules important in biology and technology. In eumelanin, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between these functional groups is thought to contribute to UV photoprotective and radical buffering properties, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, aggregates of 4‐t‐butylcatechol are used as model systems to study how intermolecular hydrogen bonding influences photochemical pathways that may occur in eumelanin. Ultrafast UV‐visible and mid‐IR transient absorption measurements are used to identify the photochemical processes of 4‐t‐butylcatechol monomers and their hydrogen‐bonded aggregates in cyclohexane solution. Monomer photoexcitation results in hydrogen atom ejection to the solvent via homolytic O‐H bond dissociation with a time constant of 12 ps, producing a neutral semiquinone radical with a lifetime greater than 1 ns. In contrast, intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions within aggregates retard O‐H bond photodissociation by over an order of magnitude in time. Excited state structural relaxation is proposed to slow O‐H dissociation, allowing internal conversion to the ground state to occur in hundreds of picoseconds in competition with this channel. The semiquinone radicals formed in the aggregates exhibit spectral broadening of both their electronic and vibrational transitions.
Breakdown of species boundaries inMandevilla: floral morphological intermediacy, novel fragrances and asymmetric pollen flow
Authors: Rubini Pisano A. , Moré M. , Cisternas M. A. , Raguso R. A. , Benitez‐Vieyra S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhenotypic intermediacy is an indicator of putative hybrid origin and has provided the main clues to discovering hybrid plants in nature.Mandevilla pentlandianaandM. laxa(Apocynaceae) are sister species with clear differences in floral phenotype and associated pollinator guilds: diurnal Hymenoptera and nocturnal hawkmoths, respectively. The presence of individuals with intermediate phenotypes in a wild population raises questions about the roles of visual and olfactory signals (i.e. corolla morphology and floral fragrances) as barriers to interbreeding, and how the breakdown of floral isolation occurs.We examined phenotypic variation in a mixedMandevillapopulation, analysing the chemical composition of floral fragrances, characterising floral shape through geometric morphometrics and assessing individual grouping through taxonomically relevant traits and an unsupervised learning algorithm. We quantified the visitation frequencies of floral visitors and tracked their foraging movements using pollen analogues.The presence of morphologically intermediate individuals and pollen analogue movement suggested extensive hybridisation betweenM. laxaandM. pentlandiana, along with asymmetrical rates of backcrossing between these putative hybrids andM. laxa. Floral volatiles from putative hybrid individuals showed a transgressive phenotype, with additional compounds not emitted by either parental species.Our results suggest the presence of a hybrid swarm between sympatricM. pentlandianaandM. laxaand indicate that initial hybridisation events between these parental species are rare, but once they occur, visits between putative hybrids andM. laxaare common and facilitate continued introgression.
Measurement and Analysis of the Comprehensive Development Levels of Large Cities in China: Based on the New Development Concept
Authors: NI Pengfei , WANG Yufei , DING Ruxi 
Published: October 2018

The measurement of a city’s comprehensive development is very important. In view of the new development concept and relevant measurement principles, the authors establish an indicator system that covers six dimensions — innovation, economic development, social harmony, eco-friendliness, openness and connectivity, and infrastructure — to measure the comprehensive development of 69 sample cities, which have more than one million permanent residents in the city proper according to the latest national standards for the classification of cities. The results show that large cities nationwide are seriously polarized in comprehensive development. The sample cities are roughly divided into four echelons. Those in the top echelon are more developed than average cities in the country and there is strong competition among cities in this echelon. In regional terms, cities in the east obviously fare better than those in the west. Separate examinations of the six dimensions show that innovation is the key engine for growth and a main indicator of transformation and upgrading, but it also contributes to the polarization of cities and is where the cities in the second, third and fourth echelons fall short of. In the new era, efforts need to be made to promote transformation and development, not only in cities of the first echelon, but also in those of other echelons, so as to realize balanced and full development. The cities, on the other hand, need to build their strengths, fix their weaknesses, and focus on their key areas, thus enhancing their comprehensive development levels as required by the new development concept.
Relations of Microvascular Function, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Aortic Stiffness in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Cooper Leroy L. , Musani Solomon K. , Washington Floyd , Moore Jonathan , Tripathi Avnish , Tsao Connie W. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Fox Ervin R. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Blacks have more severe endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffening as compared with whites. We aimed to investigate the association between aortic stiffness and microvascular function in the black community.

Methods and Results

We assessed the association between forearm vascular reactive hyperemia (an indicator of microvascular function) and aortic stiffness in 1458 black participants (N=965 [66% women]; mean age: 66±11 years) in the Jackson Heart Study. We evaluated 2 measures of aortic stiffness: brachial pulse pressure and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity. Using high‐resolution ultrasound and Doppler, we evaluated brachial blood flow at baseline and during reactive hyperemia after 5 minutes of forearm ischemia. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors were significantly related to baseline and hyperemic brachial flow velocity. Women had lower baseline flow across the entire age spectrum. During hyperemia, we observed a significant age‐sex interaction for flow velocity (
P
=0.02). Female sex was protective against microvascular dysfunction among younger participants, but older women exhibited a greater attenuation of the hyperemic flow reserve. In multivariable models that adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors and mean arterial pressure, higher carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (β=−0.106±0.033;
P
=0.001 was related to lower baseline flow. However, during reactive hyperemia, elevated brachial pulse pressure (β=−0.070±0.031;
P
=0.03) and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (β=−0.128±0.030;
P
<0.001) were both related to attenuated brachial flow velocity.

Conclusions
In a sample of blacks, higher aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility were associated with lower flow reserve during reactive hyperemia, beyond changes attributable to traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors alone.
Optimal Application of Fractional Flow Reserve to Assess Serial Coronary Artery Disease: A 3D‐Printed Experimental Study With Clinical Validation
Authors: Modi Bhavik N. , Ryan Matthew , Chattersingh Anjalee , Eruslanova Kseniia , Ellis Howard , Gaddum Nicholas , Lee Jack , Clapp Brian , Chowienczyk Phil , Perera Divaka 
Published: October 2018

Background
Assessing the physiological significance of stenoses with coexistent serial disease is prone to error. We aimed to use 3‐dimensional‐printing to characterize serial stenosis interplay and to derive and validate a mathematical solution to predict true stenosis significance in serial disease.

Methods and Results

Fifty‐two 3‐dimensional‐printed serial disease phantoms were physiologically assessed by pressure‐wire pullback (Δ
FFR
app
) and compared with phantoms with the stenosis in isolation (Δ
FFR
true
). Mathematical models to minimize error in predicting
FFR
true
, the
FFR
in the vessel where the stenosis is present in isolation, were subsequently developed using 32 phantoms and validated in another 20 and also a clinical cohort of 30 patients with serial disease. Δ
FFR
app
underestimated Δ
FFR
true
in 88% of phantoms, with underestimation proportional to total
FFR
. Discrepancy as a proportion of Δ
FFR
true
was 17.1% (absolute difference 0.036±0.048), which improved to 2.9% (0.006±0.023) using our model. In the clinical cohort, discrepancy was 38.5% (0.05±0.04) with 13.3% of stenoses misclassified (using
FFR
<0.8 threshold). Using mathematical correction, this improved to 15.4% (0.02±0.03), with the proportion of misclassified stenoses falling to 6.7%.

Conclusions

Individual stenoses are considerably underestimated in serial disease, proportional to total
FFR
. We have shown within in vitro and clinical cohorts that this error is significantly improved using a mathematical correction model, incorporating routinely available pressure‐wire pullback data.
PROXY WARS IN SYRIA AND A NEW BALANCE OF POWER IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: YAZICI Hanefi 
Published: October 2018

This article aims to analyze the proxy wars in Syria to find out whether these proxy wars create a New Balance of Power in the Middle East or not. The US, Russia, Turkey and Iran are trying to focus on their interests in the region. The Russian-American war appeared as proxy war in Syria and both sides use the Cold War methods. Iran and Russia support the Assad regime and they provide heavy weapons. The article is a product of a review of the literature on the Syrian crisis and a number of books are analyzed throughout the process of the article. The main part of this article constitutes the analyses from these books therefore the Internet has been of great use in accessing the related topics. In this context, the article has been prepared by an inductive method from the specific to the general. Thus, a holistic study has been conducted through an eclectic method. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature by bringing up this issue to the agenda.
Unapologetically black: Seven questions and poems that explore how race performs in clinical practice
Authors: Williams Britton M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article explores the performance of race and racism in clinical practice. Poetry in this piece is used as a vehicle to grapple with seven questions related to race within treatment spaces. This autoethnographic exploration focuses on narratives of clients and clinicians of colour that this writer has encountered or experienced either directly or indirectly.
Political openings in Developmental Transformations: Performing an ambivalent love letter
Authors: Mayor Christine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article is a performative exploration of Developmental Transformations’ (DvT) potential as a political practice of resistance and imagining the world in which we want to live. Following a review of the literature on DvT and social justice, this article employs a radical performative methodology, which attempts to embody in its form the principles of DvT practice and the carnivalesque. This writing style aims to disrupt and engage the reader, point to how knowledge is produced through the status quo of academic writing, and to spark the creative impulses that drive many to drama therapy in the first place. This article attempts to articulate ways in which DvT might allow us to engage with complexities of social justice, power, and inequities within an aesthetic, relational frame. It also points to the complexities and failings of attempting to deploy DvT, or any drama therapy practice, within political or social justice frameworks. The article does not attempt to resolve these tensions for the reader.
Book Review
Authors: Wood Shea M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Self in Performance: Autobiographical, Self-Revelatory, and Autoethnographic Forms of Therapeutic Theatre, Susana Pendzik, Renee Emunah and David R. Johnson (eds) (2016) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 271 pp., ISBN: 9781137535931, h/bk, $99.99
Using the revised Bloom’s taxonomy to reflect on the teaching of the Japanese language through ‘manga’ and anime
Authors: Armour William S. , Iida Sumiko 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article is a reflective analysis of student course outlines in which ‘manga’ and anime were the major contributors of Japanese language input. By using the revised Bloom’s taxonomy to analyse the transition of teaching these courses, we are able to locate this article into the scholarship of learning and teaching. The analysis revealed how the teaching processes employed by the two teachers involved impacted course design and pedagogy. The analysis also revealed the reasons for these processes. The article concludes by providing several suggestions to teachers who plan to use either anime and/or ‘manga’ in their Japanese language classrooms. We recommend that a backward design process be adopted, in which the students themselves create their own method or methods for learning Japanese.
‘Loving nation’ and ‘subjugated nation’: Popular narratives of the nation in early twentieth-century Shanghai
Authors: Mao Peijie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines the nationalist discourse in Shanghai popular print media during the late Qing and the early Republican period, focusing on the literary representation and imagination of ‘loving nation’ (aiguo) and ‘subjugated nation’ (wangguo) in popular fiction. It discusses the popular nationalism through ‘patriotic stories’ (aiguo xiaoshuo), a fiction genre promoted by Shanghai popular media in the 1910s, which, on the one hand, responded to the external plights of the newly established Republic of China, while on the other shaped the popular imagination of a new national identity and modern nation state. I argue that ‘patriotic stories’ contributed to this national imaginary through a discovery of sentimentality, female emotionality and an increasing fancy of the ‘other’, while simultaneously producing the competing narratives of romantic love and patriotic feelings, and private and public realms. This sentimental narrative was also inextricably interwoven with the narratives of trauma and humiliation, and an imagination of wangguo in popular fiction. Viewing patriotism as a cultural production constructed through memory, imagination and reinterpretation, I suggest that the popular imagination of nation generated a hybrid and uniquely powerful mode of nationalistic narrative, one conjoining sentimentalism, patriotism and commercial interests in early twentieth-century China.
Paul Auster’s Oracle Night: The writing of a literary space
Authors: Álvarez María Laura Arce 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article analyses Paul Auster’s novel Oracle Night as the fictionalization of the creation of a literary space. Focusing on the figure of the writer and the creative act, the novel structures in a succession of different fictional layers that overlap and reflect on each other. In this sense, the novel becomes a novel within different short fictions that illustrate the process of writing. The construction of a literary space is compared to Maurice Blanchot’s theory of literature in the context of an intertextual influence between Paul Auster and Maurice Blanchot.
Preservation Park and themescape economics in Oakland, California
Authors: Sikand-Youngs Nathaniel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Preservation Park is a site in downtown Oakland, California, where original houses from the late nineteenth century have been restored in a re-creation of a period neighbourhood. This article begins by framing the site as a themed environment, or ‘themescape’, in which the act of historical preservation is undermined by various modern interventions that fabricate the past, such as the relocation of many of the houses from their original locations and the addition of idealized faux-Victorian details. Using the Developer’s Guideline, the principal text in the design of the site and contemporaneous city planning documents, the article identifies how the artificial reproduction of Victorian Oakland was intended to increase investment and reverse economic decline in the city centre. Drawing on theories of tourism and gentrification, the article analyses the design and theming of Preservation Park as economic devices and aesthetic entities that restrict movement, create a visual experience and use various signifiers of private space to make the site exclusive and valuable. These readings are then employed to contextualize the site’s racial and social history, leading to a discussion of the relationship between the economic objectives, the theming and the actual usage of Preservation Park and similar sites.
Process and experience: Theory and practice considered from an art-researcher/educator’s perspective
Authors: Croft Michael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article discusses three projects of artwork. The first two projects are the author’s own and that of a 2015–16 fourth-year BFA advisee student concerning the question of relationship between visual/material process and one’s sentient experience. From a researcher/educator’s point of view, the process philosophy of A. N. Whitehead is considered in relation to the student’s work and aspects of the metapsychological theory of Lacan form the basis of consideration of the author’s work. Whitehead’s theory has a generative role in the article. Such theory provides articulation of the process of feeling and is cited in relation to an art-educational methodology for conducting projects. The artwork of a 2017 advisee student is then discussed in illustration of a point concerning time in the Lacanian context, as well as providing another example of the methodology in practice. The author explains his own artwork in support of an idea that links it with each of the students’ concerns, where the process preferences the developmental ambiguity of practice-based research. The article may be of relevance to art and design educators and their students working at the intersection of theory and practice.
Reflective sketchbook journals for art education students in Thailand
Authors: Sangvanich Khanobbhorn , Chinokul Sumalee 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study examines the use of a reflective sketchbook journal (RSJ). The research focuses on developing self-learning habits by using journals for academic observation and applying theory to practice. Data were collected in mixed-methods from 12 third-year undergraduate art education students in Thailand. Results found that students were effective in observation, comparison and analysis of philosophies of different schools – from art activities, to the physical layout and scheduling of those places visited. The sketchbook aided reflective thinking and utilized many art techniques, highlighting the relationships between content, application of theories, diagramming and mind mapping. Approximately 75 per cent of the experimental group described the content and applied theories in text format and sketches. In addition, students reflected that jotting down content with personal words enhanced their ability for remembering, understanding and applying knowledge. However, some students believed that the RSJ is an important and useful tool that they intended to use again in other disciplines.