bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office Unified Model: CP4-Africa
Authors: Stratton Rachel A. , Senior Catherine A. , Vosper Simon B. , Folwell Sonja S. , Boutle Ian A. , Earnshaw Paul D. , Kendon Elizabeth , Lock Adrian P. , Malcolm Andrew , Manners James , Morcrette Cyril J. , Short Christopher , Stirling Alison J. , Taylor Christopher M. , Tucker Simon , Webster Stuart , Wilkinson Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A convection-permitting multiyear regional climate simulation using the Met Office Unified Model has been run for the first time on an Africa-wide domain. The model has been run as part of the Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) Improving Model Processes for African Climate (IMPALA) project, and its configuration, domain, and forcing data are described here in detail. The model [Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office UM (CP4-Africa)] uses a 4.5-km horizontal grid spacing at the equator and is run without a convection parameterization, nested within a global atmospheric model driven by observations at the sea surface, which does include a convection scheme. An additional regional simulation, with identical resolution and physical parameterizations to the global model, but with the domain, land surface, and aerosol climatologies of CP4-Africa, has been run to aid in the understanding of the differences between the CP4-Africa and global model, in particular to isolate the impact of the convection parameterization and resolution. The effect of enforcing moisture conservation in CP4-Africa is described and its impact on reducing extreme precipitation values is assessed. Preliminary results from the first five years of the CP4-Africa simulation show substantial improvements in JJA average rainfall compared to the parameterized convection models, with most notably a reduction in the persistent dry bias in West Africa, giving an indication of the benefits to be gained from running a convection-permitting simulation over the whole African continent.
Palliative care triggers in progressive neurodegenerative conditions: An evaluation using a multi-centre retrospective case record review and principal component analysis
Authors: Hussain Jamilla , Allgar Victoria , Oliver David 
Published: February 2018

Background: The use of specific triggers has been suggested to help identify patients with progressive neurological disease who would benefit from palliative care. Aim: This study aimed to improve the evidence base for the use of triggers for patients with progressive neurological disease. Design: An evaluation of palliative care services was undertaken using a retrospective case note review of the timing and presence of triggers in the last 2 years of life. Setting/participants: A total of 12 specialist palliative care units across the United Kingdom provided data from 300 patients: mean patient age 70 years, 50% male, diagnoses included motor neurone disease 58%, Parkinson’s disease 17% and Parkinson’s Plus syndromes 12%. Results: There was a high burden of triggers – 17 in the last 2 years of life and 10 in the last 6 months of life. The most frequent triggers were deteriorating physical function, complex symptoms and dysphagia. Four factors were found to explain 64% of the total variance: Factor 1 – Deterioration in physical function, dysphagia, significant complex symptoms and pain; Factor 2 – Weight loss and respiratory symptoms; Factor 3 – Recurrent infections and cognitive decline; Factor 4 – Aspiration pneumonia. Cox regression analyses found different triggers were associated with survival from diagnosis versus survival from referral to palliative care. Different triggers were also associated with survival for different neurological conditions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is a high burden of triggers in the last months and years of life and that these could potentially be reduced to fewer components. Prospective studies assessing which triggers are useful for different conditions are now required.
The Role of Ultrasound-Guided Therapeutic Paracentesis in an Outpatient Transitional Care Program: A Case Series
Authors: Wang Jeffrey , Khan Shahida , Wyer Paige , Vanderwilp Jessica , Reynolds Justin , Bethancourt Bruce , Ota Ken S. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Patients with ascites suffer from distressing symptoms and are at high risk for readmission after hospitalization. Timely paracentesis is an important palliative tool in managing this vulnerable population. At our institution, we have developed a multidisciplinary transitional care program for patients discharged from the hospital with a wide range of complex conditions including refractory ascites. Methods: We present a case series of 10 patients with symptomatic ascites who were enrolled in our transitional care program and treated with ultrasound-guided therapeutic paracentesis in our clinic. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed to collect procedure details, outcomes, and follow-up data on emergency department (ED) visits and readmissions. Cost data were obtained from the hospital financial system. Results: Over the span of 9 months (September 2016 to July 2017), 22 total therapeutic paracenteses were performed on 10 unique patients in the transitional care clinic. Median age of the patient cohort was 52.5 years (range: 27-71 years). All patients reported immediate relief of ascites-related discomfort following the procedure. We did not observe any major adverse effects due to the in-clinic procedure. Nine of the 10 patients did not have any ED visits or readmissions within 30 days of discharge. The cost of performing ultrasound-guided paracentesis in the transitional care clinic was US$546.77 compared to US$978.32 when performed in the hospital. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that outpatient paracentesis may be a safe, feasible, and cost-effective means of providing symptom management for patients with ascites during their transition from hospital to home.
“Guys Don’t Have Breasts”: The Lived Experience of Men Who Have BRCA Gene Mutations and Are at Risk for Male Breast Cancer
Authors: Skop Michelle , Lorentz Justin , Jassi Mobin , Vesprini Danny , Einstein Gillian 
Published: February 2018

Men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations are at increased risk of developing breast cancer and may have an indication for breast cancer screening using mammography. Since breast cancer is often viewed as a woman’s disease, visibilizing and understanding men’s experience of having a BRCA mutation and specifically, of screening for breast cancer through mammography, were the objectives of this research study. The theoretical framework of interpretive phenomenology guided the process of data collection, coding, and analysis. Phenomenology is both a philosophy and research method which focuses on understanding the nature of experience from the perspectives of people experiencing a phenomenon, the essence of and commonalities among people’s experiences, and the ways in which people experience the world through their bodies. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 15 male participants recruited from the Male Oncology Research and Education (MORE) Program. This article reports findings about participants’ use of gender-specific language to describe their breasts, awareness of the ways in which their bodies changed overtime, and experiences of undergoing mammograms. This study is the first to describe men with BRCA’s perceptions of their breasts and experiences of mammography in a high-risk cancer screening clinic. This study sheds light on an under-researched area—breasts and masculinities—and could potentially lead to improved clinical understanding of men’s embodied experiences of BRCA, as well as suggestions for improving the delivery of male breast cancer screening services.
Dynamic changes in quality of life after three first-line therapies for EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Szu-Chun , Lin Chien-Chung , Lai Wu-Wei , Chang Sheng-Mao , Hwang Jing-Shiang , Su Wu-Chou , Wang Jung-Der 
Published: February 2018

Background: Three different tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved as first-line therapies for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with similar overall survival. This study determined dynamic changes in quality of life (QoL) for patients using these therapies after controlling for potential confounders. Methods: From 2011 to 2016, we prospectively assessed the utility values and QoL scores of patients using the EuroQol five-dimension and World Health Organization Quality-of-Life – Brief questionnaires. QoL functions after initiation of treatment were estimated using a kernel-smoothing method. Dynamic changes in major determinants were repeatedly assessed for constructing mixed models. Results: A total of 344 patients were enrolled, with 934 repeated assessments. After controlling for performance status, disease progression, EGFR mutation subtype and other confounders, the mixed models showed significantly lower QoL scores for afatinib versus gefitinib in the physical, psychological and social domains, and 10 facets. The differences seemed to appear 10 months after initiation of treatment. In contrast, there was no significant difference between erlotinib and gefitinib in the scores of all domains and facets. Conclusion: QoL in patients receiving afatinib seemed to be lower than in those receiving gefitinib. Since the sample sizes in this study were relatively small, more studies are warranted to corroborate these results.
hsa-mir183/EGR1–mediated regulation of E2F1 is required for CML stem/progenitor cell survival
Authors: Pellicano Francesca , Park Laura , Hopcroft Lisa E. M. , Shah Mansi M. , Jackson Lorna , Scott Mary T. , Clarke Cassie J. , Sinclair Amy , Abraham Sheela A. , Hair Alan , Helgason G. Vignir , Aspinall-O’Dea Mark , Bhatia Ravi , Leone Gustavo , Kranc Kamil R. , Whetton Anthony D. , Holyoake Tessa L. 
Published: February 2018

Key Pointshsa-mir183/EGR1/E2F1 is a novel and critical factor for CML SPC survival. E2F1 plays a pivotal role in regulating CML SPC proliferation status.
Cavernous sinus involvement is not a risk factor for the primary tumor site treatment outcome of Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yi-Chan , Lee Ta-Jen , Tsang Ngan-Ming , Huang Yenlin , Hsu Cheng-Lung , Hsin Li-Jen , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Chang Kai-Ping 
Published: February 2018

Background Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the head and neck. Cavernous sinus invasion from sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma and its related management have rarely been investigated. This study evaluated the relationship between treatment outcome and cavernous sinus involvement in addition to other parameters. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. The medical records of 47 patients diagnosed with primary sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma between 1984 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The survival impact of the primary treatment modalities and the anatomic sites of tumor involvement were analyzed. Results Cavernous sinus invasion was observed in 8 patients (17%), of whom 7 had ACC tumors originating from the maxillary sinus. The results of univariate analysis revealed that tumor stage, primary surgery, and the absence of skull-base and infratemporal fossa invasion were associated with better overall survival ( P = 0.033, P = 0.012, P = 0.011, and P = 0.040, respectively) and better disease-free survival ( P = 0.019, P = 0.001, P = 0.017, and P = 0.029, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified primary surgery as the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival ( P = 0.026). Cavernous sinus invasion by sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma was not associated with worse overall survival or disease-free survival ( P = 0.200 and P = 0.198, respectively). Conclusions Because maxillary adenoid cystic carcinoma is associated with a higher rate of cavernous sinus invasion, such cases warrant caution during preoperative planning. Primary surgery as the initial therapy provides better locoregional control and survival for patients with sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cavernous sinus invasion did not significantly impact survival; thus, it should not be regarded as a contraindication for curative treatment.
Application of multi-modal 2D and 3D imaging and analytical techniques to document and examine coins on the example of two Roman silver denarii
Authors: Hess Mona , MacDonald Lindsay W. , Valach Jaroslav 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This case study is applying imaging and analytical techniques from multiple scientific disciplines to digitise coins and evaluate 3D multi-modal visualisation. Two ancient Roman silver denarii were selected as test objects to establish whether the proposed digital recording methods can support professional numismatic comparison of features and properties. The coins raise questions concerning their provenance, authenticity, design, purpose of issue and historic usage, but they also pose considerable recording challenges due to their material and surface properties, which are the main focus in this paper. The coins have been examined by the following techniques: dome photography for image sets for PTM/RTI visualisation and photometric stereo; X-ray microtomography for detection of cracks or impurities; Scanning Electron Microscopy for detailed surface investigation; Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for elemental analysis; micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry mapping; 3D laser and structured light scanning for 3D spatial capture; photogrammetry/structure from motion, focus-stacking. The results indicate the feasibility of such techniques for museum documentation and as contribution to scientific examination of coins in general.
Priming of innate antimycobacterial immunity by heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes induces sterilizing response in the adult zebrafish tuberculosis model
Authors: Luukinen Hanna , Hammarén Milka Marjut , Vanha-aho Leena-Maija , Svorjova Aleksandra , Kantanen Laura , Järvinen Sampsa , Luukinen Bruno Vincent , Dufour Eric , Rämet Mika , Hytönen Vesa Pekka , Parikka Mataleena 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most problematic infectious agents, owing to its highly developed mechanisms to evade host immune responses combined with the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Host-directed therapies aiming to optimize immune responses to improve bacterial eradication or to limit excessive inflammation are a new strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis. In this study, we have established a zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum natural host-pathogen model system to study induced protective immune responses in mycobacterial infection. We show that priming adult zebrafish with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLm) at 1 day prior to M. marinum infection leads to significantly decreased mycobacterial loads in the infected zebrafish. Using rag1−/− fish, we show that the protective immunity conferred by HKLm priming can be induced through innate immunity alone. At 24 h post-infection, HKLm priming leads to a significant increase in the expression levels of macrophage-expressed gene 1 (mpeg1), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfa) and nitric oxide synthase 2b (nos2b), whereas superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2) expression is downregulated, implying that HKLm priming increases the number of macrophages and boosts intracellular killing mechanisms. The protective effects of HKLm are abolished when the injected material is pretreated with nucleases or proteinase K. Importantly, HKLm priming significantly increases the frequency of clearance of M. marinum infection by evoking sterilizing immunity (25 vs 3.7%, P=0.0021). In this study, immune priming is successfully used to induce sterilizing immunity against mycobacterial infection. This model provides a promising new platform for elucidating the mechanisms underlying sterilizing immunity and to develop host-directed treatment or prevention strategies against tuberculosis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ultrasound elastography as an imaging biomarker for detection of early tumor response to chemotherapy in a murine breast cancer model: a feasibility study
Authors: Wang Jian-Wei , Guo Zhi-Xing , Lin Qing-Guang , Zheng Wei , Zhuang Shu-Lian , Lin Shi-Yang , Li An-Hua , Pei Xiao-Qing 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
This study investigated the feasibility of using strain elastography (SE) and real time shear wave elastography (RT-SWE) to evaluate early tumor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a murine xenograft breast cancer tumor model.

Methods:
MCF-7 breast cancer-bearing nude mice were treated with either cisplatin 2 mg kg–1 plus paclitaxel 10 mg kg–1 (treatment group) or sterile saline (control group) once daily for 5 days. The tumor elasticity was measured by SE or RT-SWE before and after therapy. Tumor cell density was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the ratio of collagen fibers in the tumor was evaluated by Van Gieson staining. The correlation between tumor elasticity, as determined by SE and SWE, as well as the pathological tumor responses were analyzed.

Results:
Chemotherapy signiﬁcantly attenuated tumor growth compared to the control treatment (p &lt; 0.05). Chemotherapy also significantly increased tumor stiffness (p &lt; 0.05) and signiﬁcantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) tumor cell density compared with the control. Moreover, chemotherapy significantly increased the ratio of collagen fibers (p &lt; 0.05). Tumor stiffness was positively correlated with the ratio of collagen fibers but negatively correlated with tumor cell density.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that ultrasound elastography by SE and SWE is a feasible tool for assessing early responses of breast cancer to chemotherapy in our murine xenograft model.

Advances in knowledge:
This study showed that the tumor elasticity determined by ultrasound elastography could be a feasible imaging biomarker for assessing very early therapeutic responses to chemotherapy.
Tuition reduction is the key factor determining tax burden of graduate students under the Tax Cuts and Job Act
Authors: Lawston Patricia M. , Parker Michael T. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The proposed Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1) has stirred significant public debate on the future of American economics. While supporters of the plan have championed it as a necessity for economic revitalization, detractors have pointed out areas of serious concern, particularly for low- and middle-income Americans. One particularly alarming facet of the plan is the radical change to education finance programs and taxation of students in higher education. Methods: By analyzing actual income and tuition of a public and a private university student, as well as the ‘average’ graduate student, we investigated the effect of both the House and Senate versions of H.R. 1 on taxation of students of various family structures. Results: Our findings indicate that taxable tuition would be the greatest contributor to graduate student tax burden across all four categories of filing status. However, when tuition reduction is upheld or a student is on sustaining fees rather than full tuition, graduate students would realize decreases in taxation. Conclusions: Overall, we conclude that removal of tuition reduction would result in enormous tax burdens for graduate students and their families and that these effects are dependent not only on the status of the student in their degree program but also on their tuition and stipend, and therefore the institution they attend.
The Burden of Guardianship: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Ricotta Daniel N. , Parris James J. , Parris Ritika S. , Sontag David N. , Bioethics M. , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDIn cases where patients are unable to provide informed consent and have no surrogate decision‐maker, a hospital must seek guardian appointment as a legally recognized surrogate decision‐maker.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine the magnitudes of length of stay (LOS) beyond medical clearance and healthcare costs among patients referred for guardianship.DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTSThis was a retrospective cohort study of all 61 adult inpatients in a single tertiary care hospital requiring guardianship between October 1, 2014, and September 30, 2015, matched with up to three controls from the same discharging services and hospitalized for at least as long as the date of clearance for referred patients.MEASUREMENTSThe following parameters were measured using generalized estimating equations: total LOS, LOS beyond medical clearance (excess LOS), medical complications, and total charges among referred patients, and the LOS and costs were compared with those of matched controls.RESULTSMean LOS for patients requiring guardianship was 31 ± 2 days, and the total charges averaged $179,243 ± 22,950. We documented 12 hospital‐acquired complications in 10 (16%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8%‐28%) unique patients. Accounting for potential confounders, the process of obtaining guardianship was associated with a 37% longer total LOS (95% CI [12 %‐67%]; P = .002), 58% higher excess LOS (95% CI [2%‐145%]; P = .04), and 23% higher total charges (95% CI [4%‐46%]; P = .02).CONCLUSIONIn this single‐center cohort study, the guardianship process was associated with prolonged hospital stay and higher total hospital charges even when compared with matched controls. Furthermore, one in six patients suffered from a hospital‐associated complication after medical clearance.
A Data-Driven Model of an Appointment-Generated Arrival Process at an Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Kim Song-Hee , Whitt Ward , Cha Won Chul 
Published: February 2018

We develop a high-fidelity simulation model of the patient arrival process to an endocrinology clinic by carefully examining appointment and arrival data from that clinic. The data include the time that the appointment was originally made as well as the time that the patient actually arrived, as well as if the patient did not arrive at all, in addition to the scheduled appointment time. We take a data-based approach, specifying the schedule for each day by its value at the end of the previous day. This data-based approach shows that the schedule for a given day evolves randomly over time. Indeed, in addition to three recognized sources of variability—(i) no-shows, (ii) extra unscheduled arrivals, and (iii) deviations in the actual arrival times from the scheduled times—we find that the primary source of variability in the arrival process is variability in the daily schedule itself. Even though service systems with arrivals by appointment can differ in many ways, we think that our data-based approach to modeling the clinic arrival process can be a guideline or template for constructing high-fidelity simulation models for other arrival processes generated by appointments.The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0773 .