bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the milling technique on the component‐bone interface in the TATE elbow
Authors: Gosling Mark J. , Martinez‐Taboada Fernando , te Lintelo Gerard , Burton Neil J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the surgeon can influence the accuracy of milling during the TATE elbow arthroplasty by applying force to the milling arm during the milling procedure.Study designIn vitro study on Sawbone specimens.Sample populationThirty identical solid foam models of the canine right humerus, elbow joint, and antebrachium (size large).MethodsTATE elbow arthroplasty was performed on 30 elbows equally divided into 3 types of forces applied to the milling arm: (1) no force, (2) a maximally converging force, and (3) a maximally diverging force using the center of rotation post as a reference point. The resulting component‐bone interface and post fit were quantified with digital photography.ResultsThe component‐bone interface gap differed between techniques for most angles. The application of convergent or divergent milling forces frequently increased the component‐bone interface gap. Post fit was also influenced by the milling technique, application of a convergent or divergent milling force affecting the fit of multiple posts. Interface gaps tended to be greater on the lateral aspect, an area that is not visible to the surgeon intraoperatively.ConclusionIn this bone model study, application of convergent or divergent forces during milling frequently resulted in greater component‐bone interface gaps and poorer post fit than when a neutral position was maintained.Clinical significanceSurgeons may affect implant fit within the constraints of the current arthroplasty system if they do not maintain a neutral position during milling. Greater component‐bone interface gaps and poorer post fit may affect component osseointegration and lead to aseptic implant loosening.
Meta-Analysis of Physical Activity Levels in Youth With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Leung Willie , Schram Bridgette Marie , Yun Joonkoo 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the current levels of physical activity among youth with disabilities using meta-analysis. The search identified 11 publications including 729 participants (age 4–20 yr). The overall effect size for 11 studies was Hedges g = 0.60 (SE = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.24, 0.96], p < .05, k = 11) using a random-effects model. The findings suggest that differences in physical activity levels between youth with and without disabilities are complex. Results indicated that youth without disabilities engaged in higher levels of physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (g = 0.66, SE = 0.18, p < .05). However, no differences were found in light-intensity physical activity (g = −0.03, SE = 0.16, p > .85). Results also suggested that the differences in physical activity between youth with and without disabilities were affected by age (<12 yr, g = 0.83, SE = 0.24, 95% CI [0.37, 1.29], p < .05, and >13 yr, g = 0.37, SE = 0.10, 95% CI [0.18, 0.57], p < .05; Q value = 3.20, df = 1, p < .05), with children with disabilities engaging in less physical activity than children without disabilities in younger ages. Differences in physical activity level between youth with and without disabilities are functions of intensity of physical activity and age but may not be of type of disability (Q value = 0.22, df = 1, p > .6).
Maternal-fetal transmission and adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected with Zika virus: prospective cohort study in French Guiana
Authors: Pomar Léo , Vouga Manon , Lambert Véronique , Pomar Céline , Hcini Najeh , Jolivet Anne , Benoist Guillaume , Rousset Dominique , Matheus Séverine , Malinger Gustavo , Panchaud Alice , Carles Gabriel , Baud David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the rates of maternal-fetal transmission of Zika virus, adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes, and subsequent rates of asymptomatic/symptomatic congenital Zika virus infections up to the first week of life.DesignCohort study with prospective data collection and subsequent review of fetal/neonatal outcomes.SettingsReferral centre for prenatal diagnosis of the French Guiana Western Hospital.ParticipantsPregnant women at any stage of pregnancy with a laboratory confirmed symptomatic or asymptomatic Zika virus infection during the epidemic period in western French Guiana. The cohort enrolled 300 participants and prospectively followed their 305 fetuses/newborns.Main outcome measuresRate of maternal-fetal transmission of Zika virus (amniotic fluid, fetal and neonatal blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and placentas); clinical, biological, and radiological outcomes (blindly reviewed); and adverse outcomes defined as moderate signs potentially related to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), severe complications compatible with CZS, or fetal loss. Associations between a laboratory confirmed congenital Zika virus infection and adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes were evaluated.ResultsMaternal-fetal transmission was documented in 26% (76/291) of fetuses/newborns with complete data. Among the Zika virus positive fetuses/newborns, 45% (34/76) presented with no signs/complications at birth, 20% (15/76) with moderate signs potentially related to CZS, 21% (16/76) with severe complications compatible with CZS, and 14% (11/76) with fetal loss. Compared with the Zika virus positive fetuses/neonates, those that were identified as negative for Zika virus (215/291) were less likely to present with severe complications (5%; 10/215) or fetal loss (0.5%; 1/215; relative risk 6.9, 95% confidence interval 3.6 to 13.3). Association between a positive Zika virus test and any adverse fetal/neonatal outcome was also significant (relative risk 4.4, 2.9 to 6.6). The population attributable fraction estimates that a confirmed congenital Zika virus infection contributes to 47% of adverse outcomes and 61% of severe adverse outcomes observed.ConclusionIn cases of a known maternal Zika virus infection, approximately a quarter of fetuses will become congenitally infected, of which a third will have severe complications at birth or fetal loss. The burden of CZS might be lower than initially described in South America and may not differ from other congenital infections.
Examining the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health physical activity, diet and sleep intervention for weight loss in overweight and obese adults: randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Duncan Mitch J , Brown Wendy J , Burrows Tracy L , Collins Clare E , Fenton Sasha , Glozier Nicholas , Kolt Gregory S , Morgan Philip J , Hensley Michael , Holliday Elizabeth G , Murawski Beatrice , Plotnikoff Ronald C , Rayward Anna T , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Vandelanotte Corneel 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionTraditional behavioural weight loss trials targeting improvements in physical activity and diet are modestly effective. It has been suggested that sleep may have a role in weight loss and maintenance. Improving sleep health in combination with physical activity and dietary behaviours may be one strategy to enhance traditional behavioural weight loss trials. Yet the efficacy of a weight loss intervention concurrently targeting improvements in physical activity, dietary and sleep behaviours remains to be tested.Methods and analysisThe primary aim of this three-arm randomised controlled trial is to examine the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health behaviour change weight loss intervention relative to a waitlist control group. The secondary aims are to compare the relative efficacy of a physical activity, dietary behaviour and sleep intervention (enhanced intervention), compared with a physical activity and dietary behaviour only intervention (traditional intervention), on the primary outcome of weight loss and secondary outcomes of waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, physical activity, diet quality and intake, sleep health, eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 6 months (primary endpoint) and 12 months (follow-up). The multicomponent m-Health intervention will be delivered using a smartphone/tablet ‘app’, supplemented with email and SMS and individualised in-person dietary counselling. Participants will receive a Fitbit, body weight scales to facilitate self-monitoring, and use the app to access educational material, set goals, self-monitor and receive feedback about behaviours. Generalised linear models using an analysis of covariance (baseline adjusted) approach will be used to identify between-group differences in primary and secondary outcomes, following an intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Newcastle Australia provided approval: H-2017–0039. Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, community presentations and student theses.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000735358; UTN1111-1219-2050.
Explaining organisational responses to a board-level quality improvement intervention: findings from an evaluation in six providers in the English National Health Service
Authors: Jones Lorelei , Pomeroy Linda , Robert Glenn , Burnett Susan , Anderson Janet E , Morris Stephen , Capelas Barbosa Estela , Fulop Naomi J 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHealthcare systems worldwide are concerned with strengthening board-level governance of quality. We applied Lozeau, Langley and Denis’ typology (transformation, customisation, loose coupling and corruption) to describe and explain the organisational response to an improvement intervention in six hospital boards in England.MethodsWe conducted fieldwork over a 30-month period as part of an evaluation in six healthcare provider organisations in England. Our data comprised board member interviews (n=54), board meeting observations (24 hours) and relevant documents.ResultsTwo organisations transformed their processes in a way that was consistent with the objectives of the intervention, and one customised the intervention with positive effects. In two further organisations, the intervention was only loosely coupled with organisational processes, and participation in the intervention stopped when it competed with other initiatives. In the final case, the intervention was corrupted to reinforce existing organisational processes (a focus on external regulatory requirements). The organisational response was contingent on the availability of ‘slack’—expressed by participants as the ‘space to think’ and ‘someone to do the doing’—and the presence of a functioning board.ConclusionsUnderperforming organisations, under pressure to improve, have little time or resources to devote to organisation-wide quality improvement initiatives. Our research highlights the need for policy-makers and regulators to extend their focus beyond the choice of intervention, to consider how the chosen intervention will be implemented in public sector hospitals, how this will vary between contexts and with what effects. We provide useful information on the necessary conditions for a board-level quality improvement intervention to have positive effects.
Social support and trajectories of body mass index and waist to hip ratio from mid-adulthood to old age
Authors: Tymoszuk Urszula , Kumari Meena , Batterham Rachel , Stafford Mai 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAlthough social networks’ influence on obesity has been increasingly recognised, it remains unclear if different dimensions of social support, for example, emotional or practical support, received from one’s closest relationship are associated with weight outcomes over mid-life and old age.MethodsUsing linear mixed models we examined whether person-level body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) trajectories vary according to levels of emotional, practical and negative aspects of social support in a large UK-based cohort of healthy civil servant workers (n=5460) with objectively measured anthropometry data on five occasions over two decades (1989–1990 to 2012–2013).ResultsWe found that gender modified the associations, with more consistent patterns found in men. In men, high negative aspects of support compared with low were consistently associated with steeper increase in BMI (0.024, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.047 kg/m2) and WHR (0.00020, 95% CI −0.00001 to 0.00040) after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic covariates, mental health, health behaviours and long-standing illness. We found that low emotional support, compared with high, was associated with steeper BMI gain in men (0.024, 95% CI 0.0001 to 0.047 kg/m2).ConclusionsLow levels of negative aspects of the relationships with the closest person and high levels of emotional support may be protective against weight gain over time, particularly in men. If replicated in other studies, these results would suggest that the quality of social support in close relationships has been an overlooked risk factor for weight gain in an ageing population.
Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented garlic by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM35046, on growth performance, blood constituents, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and fecal scores in sows and their piglets
Authors: Yun H.M. , Nyachoti C.M. , Kim I.H. 
Published: October 2018

Eighteen lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in an experiment to determine the effects of fermented garlic by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM35046 on growth performance, blood constituents, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and fecal scores in sows and their piglets. The experiment was started before farrowing 30 d to weaning, and sows were randomly assigned to the following dietary treatments: control basal diet (CON) and the CON + 0.1% or 0.2% fermented garlic (FG). During the lactation period, sows had free access to feed and water. At farrowing day and weaning (day 28), body weight (BW) loss of sows reduced linearly (P = 0.042; P = 0.006, respectively) in FG diets. There was a linear improvement in piglets’ BW with increasing dietary FG levels at weaning (P = 0.033). Piglets fed the diets with the FG linearly increased the average daily gain (ADG) at the 3rd and 4th weeks (P = 0.041; P = 0.002, respectively). Overall, the ADG of piglets linearly increased when lactating sows fed the diets with FG supplementation (P = 0.004). Red blood cell concentrations linearly decreased (P = 0.004) in sows fed dietary FG supplementation at the weaning day. Dietary inclusion of the FG tended to increase the fecal Lactobacillus population and decrease Escherichia coli population of piglets at weanling day (P = 0.075; P = 0.051, respectively). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation of FG (0.1% and 0.2%) improved growth performance in sows and their piglets.
Benzyladenine and gibberellic acid pulses improve flower quality and extend vase life of cut dahlias
Authors: Bergmann Ben A. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Dole John M. 
Published: October 2018

A 24-h pulse of cut dahlias in a solution containing both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid at 10–20 mg L−1 improved flower quality after 4 d in the vase and prolonged vase life regardless of handling method (dry packed or held in water from harvest through delivery).
Extraction of drug–drug interaction using neural embedding
Authors: Hou Wen Juan , Ceesay Bamfa 
Published: October 2018

Information on changes in a drug’s effect when taken in combination with a second drug, known as drug–drug interaction (DDI), is relevant in the pharmaceutical industry. DDIs can delay, decrease, or enhance absorption of either drug and thus decrease or increase their action or cause adverse effects. Information Extraction (IE) can be of great benefit in allowing identification and extraction of relevant information on DDIs. We here propose an approach for the extraction of DDI from text using neural word embedding to train a machine learning system. Results show that our system is competitive against other systems for the task of extracting DDIs, and that significant improvements can be achieved by learning from word features and using a deep-learning approach. Our study demonstrates that machine learning techniques such as neural networks and deep learning methods can efficiently aid in IE from text. Our proposed approach is well suited to play a significant role in future research.
Physiological and behavioral reactivity to social exclusion: a functional infrared thermal imaging study in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Ponsi Giorgia , Monachesi Bianca , Panasiti Vincenzo , Aglioti Salvatore Maria , Panasiti Maria Serena 
Published: October 2018

Recent studies have shown that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity can be heavily impacted not only by basic threats to survival but also by threats to social bonds. In this study we explored the behavioral and physiological consequences of social exclusion/inclusion in patients with psoriasis, a disease frequently associated with the experience of being ostracized and with deficient emotion regulation skills. We employed a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball) to induce the experience of social exclusion/inclusion. We then used a Trust Game to measure the effects of this social modulation on trust. During Cyberball, infrared thermal imaging was used to record participants’ facial temperature and thus obtain an online measure of SNS activation. Behavioral data showed that social exclusion shifted participants’ trust toward unfamiliar players who had not previously excluded them. Physiological data indicated that in control participants, social exclusion triggered higher SNS activation than inclusion. No such effect was found in patients with psoriasis, whose SNS activity was the same during inclusion as it was during exclusion, suggesting that they benefit less from inclusive experiences than control participants. In addition, in patients but not in controls, higher SNS activation during social exclusion was linked to higher monetary investment toward unfamiliar players, a result in keeping with the social reconnection hypothesis, according to which emotions triggered by social rejection can be regulated by investing in new social interactions. We also found that an increase in periorbital temperature is accompanied by a decrease in happiness ratings after social exclusion was experienced during the Cyberball game. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous research on emotional processes in psoriasis has mainly employed self-report measures. In this study we used thermal imaging to obtain an online measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity during social exclusion and tested how this experience influenced subsequent trust. We found that being included was a less positive experience for patients compared with controls and that SNS activity during exclusion had a stronger influence on subsequent trust in patients than in controls.
“Savage Beasts,” “Great Companions”: The First Dogs to Winter on the Antarctic Continent
Authors: Patterson Diana , Simmonds Janette G. , Snell Tristan L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
By investigating the nature of the social interactions between “sledge dogs” and explorers in the first land-based exploration in Antarctica, this research contributes to an animal-human perspective in Antarctic historical studies. Consideration of the interspecies interactions provide further insight into attitudes to nonhuman animal welfare, including towards wildlife, at the turn of the twentieth century. The companionship of favored animals appeared to have alleviated some of the stresses of isolation and confinement in the inhospitable Antarctic environment.
Animal Studies: Let’s Talk About Animal Welfare and Liberation Issues in Childhood
Authors: Ankomah William Sarfo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article examined reasons why information pertaining to nonhuman animal welfare and liberation should be introduced during childhood. Studies indicate that animal-welfare activists’ and abolitionists’ efforts to date may be insufficient given the pervasive environmental destruction and ongoing animal suffering. Moreover, research reveals that education related to animal welfare and liberation is systematically excluded from children’s education, and they thus remain unaware of the sources and associated health hazards of meat they consume. Conversely, children’s knowledge about animal welfare increases when exposed to literature on the topic, which enables them to make informed choices regarding meat consumption. This paper draws on animal-welfare and liberation literature to argue that augmenting children’s knowledge about animal welfare and liberation can foster children’s understanding, language, philosophy, and ability to make informed choices about their relationship with animals and the environment in general.
Le processus constituant tunisien : quels enseignements pour les pays de la région ?
Authors: Mekki Nidhal 
Published: October 2018

Résumé
Le processus qui a mené à l’adoption de la nouvelle constitution tunisienne fait figure de modèle à suivre dans la région arabe. La Tunisie a opté pour une assemblée élue de manière démocratique pour élaborer la constitution. Outre son caractère représentatif des différentes sensibilités politiques, cette assemblée a suivi un processus inclusif, ouvert et transparent. Au-delà même du texte de la constitution, c’est le processus suivi qui importe, car il a permis d’associer directement les citoyens et la société civile à cette tâche et occasionné un débat public sur les plus importants choix de société. Le processus constituant tunisien a été une leçon collective de droit constitutionnel et, malgré ses nombreuses lacunes, il a permis d’aboutir à un nouveau contrat social et politique dont la genèse pourrait inspirer de nombreux pays arabes qui seront appelés, tôt ou tard, à s’engager sur la voie de la transition démocratique.
How Can Existing Ground-Based Profiling Instruments Improve European Weather Forecasts?
Authors: Illingworth A. J. , Cimini D. , Haefele A. , Haeffelin M. , Hervo M. , Kotthaus S. , Löhnert U. , Martinet P. , Mattis I. , O’Connor E. J. , Potthast R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To realize the promise of improved predictions of hazardous weather such as flash floods, wind storms, fog, and poor air quality from high-resolution mesoscale models, the forecast models must be initialized with an accurate representation of the current state of the atmosphere, but the lowest few kilometers are hardly accessible by satellite, especially in dynamically active conditions. We report on recent European developments in the exploitation of existing ground-based profiling instruments so that they are networked and able to send data in real time to forecast centers. The three classes of instruments are i) automatic lidars and ceilometers providing backscatter profiles of clouds, aerosols, dust, fog, and volcanic ash, the last two being especially important for air traffic control; ii) Doppler wind lidars deriving profiles of wind, turbulence, wind shear, wind gusts, and low-level jets; and iii) microwave radiometers estimating profiles of temperature and humidity in nearly all weather conditions. The project includes collaboration from 22 European countries and 15 European national weather services, which involves the implementation of common operating procedures, instrument calibrations, data formats, and retrieval algorithms. Currently, data from 265 ceilometers in 19 countries are being distributed in near–real time to national weather forecast centers; this should soon rise to many hundreds. One wind lidar is currently delivering real time data rising to 5 by the end of 2019, and the plan is to incorporate radiometers in 2020. Initial data assimilation tests indicate a positive impact of the new data.