bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance models as a tool for modelling detection probability and density of native bumblebees
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Otto Clint R. V. , Moser Erin L. , Urban‐Mead Katherine R. , King David E. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Larkin Jeffery L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEffective monitoring of native bee populations requires accurate estimates of population size and relative abundance among habitats. Current bee survey methods, such as netting or pan trapping, may be adequate for a variety of study objectives but are limited by a failure to account for imperfect detection. Biases due to imperfect detection could result in inaccurate abundance estimates or erroneous insights about the response of bees to different environments. To gauge the potential biases of currently employed survey methods, we compared abundance estimates of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) derived from hierarchical distance sampling models (HDS) to bumblebee counts collected from fixed‐area net surveys (“net counts”) and fixed‐width transect counts (“transect counts”) at 47 early‐successional forest patches in Pennsylvania. Our HDS models indicated that detection probabilities of Bombus spp. were imperfect and varied with survey‐ and site‐covariates. Despite being conspicuous, Bombus spp. were not reliably detected beyond 5 m. Habitat associations of Bombus spp. density were similar across methods, but the strength of association with shrub cover differed between HDS and net counts. Additionally, net counts suggested sites with more grass hosted higher Bombus spp. densities whereas HDS suggested that grass cover was associated with higher detection probability but not Bombus spp. density. Density estimates generated from net counts and transect counts were 80%–89% lower than estimates generated from distance sampling. Our findings suggest that distance modelling provides a reliable method to assess Bombus spp. density and habitat associations, while accounting for imperfect detection caused by distance from observer, vegetation structure, and survey covariates. However, detection/non‐detection data collected via point‐counts, line‐transects and distance sampling for Bombus spp. are unlikely to yield species‐specific density estimates unless individuals can be identified by sight, without capture. Our results will be useful for informing the design of monitoring programs for Bombus spp. and other pollinators.
The influence of body mass index on temperature management during general anaesthesia—A prospective observational study
Authors: Groene Philipp , Zeuzem Catharina , Baasner Sandra , Hofmann‐Kiefer Klaus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDuring general anaesthesia, body core temperature is influenced by several factors that are either anaesthesia‐related (type and duration of anaesthesia and fluid management), surgery‐related (type of surgery and extent of the surgical procedure), or patient‐related (age, gender, body weight, and preoperative body core temperature). Interestingly, data concerning body mass index (BMI) and its influence on patients' temperature are sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on body core temperature under general anaesthesia.MethodsA single centre, prospective, observational study was conducted at a university hospital. Two cohorts (lower limb surgery and abdominal surgery) were evaluated. Patients were treated according to actual German guidelines for the prevention of hypothermia. Temperature was measured sublingually prior to anaesthesia and during the first 60 minutes of anaesthesia. Each cohort was divided in three subgroups (BMI < 24 kg m−2, BMI 25‐34.9 kg m−2, and BMI > 35 kg m−2) according to body weight.ResultsA total of 206 patients were evaluated. One hundred four underwent lower limb surgery; 102 underwent abdominal surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, temperature dropped in all subgroups, but this decline was more pronounced in patients with lower BMI. Significant differences concerning temperature changes were observed in abdominal surgery between low and high BMI groups. After 60 minutes of anaesthesia, group‐dependent temperature differences had levelled out, and relevant differences compared with preoperative temperatures could no longer be observed in any of the groups.ConclusionCurrent guidelines provide effective protection against perioperative hypothermia. In the current study, this was true for obese as well as normal weight patients.
Effect of Hospitalizations on Physical Activity Patterns in Mobility‐Limited Older Adults
Authors: Wanigatunga Amal A. , Gill Thomas M. , Marsh Anthony P. , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Yaghjyan Lusine , Woods Adam J. , Glynn Nancy W. , King Abby C. , Newton Robert L. , Fielding Roger A. , Pahor Marco , Manini Todd M. ,   for the Lifestyles Intervention and Independence for Elders Study Investigators
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effect of hospitalizations on patterns of sedentary and physical activity time in mobility‐limited older adults randomized to structured physical activity or health education.DESIGNSecondary analysis of investigator‐blinded, parallel‐group, randomized trial conducted at 8 U.S. centers between February 2010 and December 2013.PARTICIPANTSSedentary men and women aged 70 to 89 at baseline who wore a hip‐fitted accelerometer 7 consecutive days at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization (N=1,341).MEASUREMENTSParticipants were randomized to a physical activity (PA; n = 669) intervention that included aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training or to a health education (HE; n = 672) intervention that consisted of workshops on older adult health and light upper‐extremity stretching. Accelerometer patterns were characterized as bouts of sedentary (<100 counts/min; ≥1, ≥10, ≥30, ≥60 minute lengths) and activity (≥100 counts/min; ≥1, ≥2, ≥5, ≥10 minute lengths) time. Each participant was categorized as having 0, 1 to 3, or 4 or more cumulative hospital days before each accelerometer assessment.RESULTSHospitalization increased sedentary time similarly in both intervention groups (8 min/d for 1–3 cumulative hospital days and 16 min/d for ≥4 cumulative hospital days). Hospitalization was also associated with less physical activity time across all bouts of less than 10 minutes (≥1: −7 min/d for 1–3 cumulative hospital days, –16 min/d for ≥4 cumulative hospital days; ≥2: −5 min/d for 1–3 cumulative hospital days, −11 min/d for ≥4 cumulative hospital days; ≥5: −3 min/d for 1–3 cumulative hospital days, −4 min/d for ≥4 cumulative hospital days). There was no evidence of recovery to prehospitalization levels (time effect p >.41). PA participants had less sedentary time in bouts of less than 30 minutes than HE participants (−8 to −10 min/d) and more total activity (+3 to +6 min/d), although hospital‐related changes were similar between the intervention groups (interaction effect p >.26).CONCLUSIONParticipating in a PA intervention before hospitalization had expected benefits, but participants remained susceptible to hospitalization's detrimental effects on their daily activity levels. There was no evidence of better activity recovery after hospitalization. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:261–268, 2019.
Basic‐leucine zipper 17 and Hmg‐CoA reductase degradation 3A are involved in salt acclimation memory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tian Lin , Zhang Yan , Kang Erfang , Ma Huifang , Zhao Huan , Yuan Ming , Zhu Lei , Fu Ying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSalt acclimation, which is induced by previous salt exposure, increases the resistance of plants to future exposure to salt stress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism, particularly how plants store the “memory” of salt exposure. In this study, we established a system to study salt acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Following treatment with a low concentration of salt, seedlings were allowed to recover to allow transitory salt responses to subside while maintaining the sustainable effects of salt acclimation. We performed transcriptome profiling analysis of these seedlings to identify genes related to salt acclimation memory. Notably, the expression of Basic‐leucine zipper 17 (bZIP17) and Hmg‐CoA reductase degradation 3A (HRD3A), which are important in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation (ERAD), respectively, increased following treatment with a low concentration of salt and remained at stably high levels after the stimulus was removed, a treatment which improved plant tolerance to future high‐salinity challenge. Our findings suggest that the upregulated expression of important genes involved in the UPR and ERAD represents a “memory” of the history of salt exposure and enables more potent responses to future exposure to salt stress, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying salt acclimation in plants.
Priority Topics for Health Education to Support HIV Self‐Management in Limited‐Resource Settings
Authors: Stonbraker Samantha , Richards Sheyla , Halpern Mina , Bakken Suzanne , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the information that persons living with HIV (PLWH) in a limited‐resource setting need to effectively manage their health.Design and MethodsA data sources triangulation method was used to compare data from three separate sources: (a) 107 interviews with Spanish‐speaking PLWH being seen at a healthcare clinic in the Dominican Republic (DR); (b) 40 interviews with Spanish‐speaking healthcare providers from the same clinic in the DR; and (c) an integrative literature review of English‐ and Spanish‐language articles that assessed the health information needs of PLWH in Latin America and the Caribbean. We compared information needs across sources and developed a prioritized list of the topics important to provide PLWH in a clinical setting.FindingsTriangulation identified the most important topics for HIV‐related health education for PLWH as medication and adherence, followed by transmission, including risks and prevention strategies, mental health management, and knowledge of HIV in general.ConclusionsThe identification of evidence‐based health education priorities establishes a guide that healthcare providers may use to help PLWH effectively manage their health and creates a foundation from which further studies on improving clinical interactions may be generated.Clinical RelevanceUsing the priorities identified, nurses and other health educators can improve patient education, and consequently self‐management, by making evidence‐based choices about what information to provide to their patients.
Occipital Hairline: A forgotten area
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Humayun Mohmand Mohammad 
Published: November 2018

SummaryHair restoration surgery is one of the fascinating fields of modern day cosmetic surgery. A good hair transplant is characterized by a naturalness in terms of strategic distribution of hair. A very important point which is very rarely taken care is the “posterior or occipital” hairline. It is formed by the posterior 1 cm of hair which are placed on the vertex or crown and constitute the part which is normally hidden by the long hair. Many surgeons while creating the slits in the recipient area forget this equally important point. And make the slits in the lines. As the care is taken while creating the slits in the anterior hairline, the same enthusiasm is required throughout the procedure especially the posterior part of the recipient area. The slits in the posterior hairline should also be created in a wavy, irregularly irregular fashion. The posterior hairline forms an important part of a hair restoration surgery. It contributes remarkably toward the overall naturalness of the results. A carefully executed posterior hairline reduces the chances of detection by the general public
Syzygium cumini extract induced reactive oxygen species‐mediated apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Apoorva Velluru S. , Ashok Vardhan Nandhigam 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSyzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolan) is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases such as obesity, diabetes etc. The cytotoxic potential of S. cumini (SC) against oral cancer cell line remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of S. cumini in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line (SCC‐25 cells).Material and MethodsOral squamous cell carcinoma cells are treated with different concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) of S. cumuni for 24 hours and cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the indicator dye, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. Apoptosis‐related morphological changes were evaluated by dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining and phosphatidylserine externalization was measured by annexin V assays. The protein and gene expression of cadherin‐1 was evaluated by western blotting and PCR analysis.ResultsSyzygium cumini treatments caused cytotoxicity of OSCC cell line and induced intracellular ROS accumulation. This treatment also caused apoptosis‐related morphological changes and externalization of phosphatidylserine in OSCC cells. Further, S. cumini treatments increased protein and gene expression of cadherin‐1.ConclusionSyzygium cumini extract inhibits the proliferation of OSCC cells and induces apoptosis through ROS accumulation and therefore, it could be used for the prevention of OSCC.
Cytotaxonomy and geographic distribution of cytotypes of species of the South American genus Chrysolaena (Vernonieae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Via do Pico Gisela M. , Pérez Yanina J. , Angulo María B. , Dematteis Massimiliano 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding speciation and biodiversity patterns in plants requires knowledge of the general role of climate in allowing polyploids to escape competition and persist with their diploid progenitors. This is a particularly interesting issue in widespread species that present multiple ploidy levels and occur across a heterogeneous environment. Chrysolaena (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a cytogenetically very diverse genus, with significant interspecific and intraspecific ploidy level variation and with continuous distribution across South America. No previous studies have summarized chromosome count data of Chrysolaena or addressed the cytogeography of the genus. Ploidy level of Chrysolaena species was determined by chromosome counting during mitosis and/or meiosis; the geographic distribution of cytotypes was examined and the correlations between the distribution of particular cytotypes and current ecological conditions were evaluated. A total of 43 new chromosome counts and five ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 6x, 7x, 8x) were reported. The chromosome number of C. cordifolia (2n = 7x = 70) and a new cytotype for C. propinqua var. canescens (2n = 4x = 40) are reported for the first time. Three geographic areas with high diversity of cytotypes and species were detected. The results obtained do not suggest a clear distribution pattern that depends on climatic factors for Chrysolaena populations. However, a geographic pattern was identified in the distribution of ploidy levels, with diploid species presenting a more restricted distribution than polyploid species.
God, Purpose in Life, and Mental Well‐Being Among Older Adults
Authors: Rainville G. , Mehegan Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis research note uses mixed methods on data from a nationwide sample of 1,525 Americans age 40 and older to make two theoretical contributions to the literatures on purpose and religion. First, by categorizing open‐ended responses to an item asking “Please describe a few of the things, feelings, ideas, etc. that give you a sense of purpose in your life,” we present a categorization framework to group sources of purpose (SPs) in life. Next, we run multivariate models, using mental well‐being as a dependent measure, which simultaneously enter dummy variables reflecting each of the SPs categories within our framework. We hypothesize no relative differences in the effect that any specific source of purpose category would have on mental well‐being. This prediction is undercut by finding a positive link between mental well‐being and a single SP—citing one's “relationship with God”—although this relationship is noted only among respondents age 60 and older. Beyond this research's theoretical contributions, we offer some practical guidance in arguing that research on SPs, particularly when claiming comprehensiveness or examining mental well‐being, should not preclude religious measures and should consider that SPs may have differing effects between age groups.
Variants of hepatitis B virus surface antigen observed during therapy with nucleic acid polymer REP 2139‐Ca have no influence on treatment outcome and its detection by diagnostic assays
Authors: Mijočević Hrvoje , Karimzadeh Hadi , Seebach Judith , Usman Zainab , Al‐Mahtab Mamun , Bazinet Michel , Vaillant Andrew , Roggendorf Michael 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe treatment of patients suffering from HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B with REP 2139‐Ca resulted in potent reductions in HBsAg and HBV DNA, seroconversion to anti‐HBs and the establishment of functional control of infection. In this cohort of 12 patients, we investigated whether differences between HBsAg sequences might explain the lack of response to REP 2139‐Ca observed in 3 of 12 patients. We also assessed if the reduction or complete loss of HBsAg in serum observed during therapy were caused by mutations in the “a” determinant preventing the detection of HBsAg by standard diagnostic assays. The complete pre‐S/S open reading frame (ORF) was sequenced and pre‐S1, pre‐S2 and S amino acid sequences were analysed. We found no major differences between pre‐S1, pre‐S2 and S sequences in responders and nonresponders correlated with low reduction in HBsAg. In addition, we found no mutations in the “a” determinant that would significantly affect the reactivity of HBsAg in diagnostic assays. These results demonstrate that the amino acid sequence of complete pre‐S/S ORF has no direct influence on response to REP 2139‐Ca therapy.
Impact of the 2004 tsunami on the macrofauna of the continental slope of the southeast coast of India
Authors: Ajmal Khan Syed , Ravikumar Balusamy , Lyla Somasundharanair , Manokaran Seerangan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004 devastated the southeast and southwest coasts of India. The impact of this tsunami on the macrobenthic communities of the continental slope off the southeast coast of India was assessed using samples collected prior to the tsunami (May–June, 2004), 6 months after the tsunami (June–July, 2005), and 18 months post‐tsunami (May–June, 2006). Samples from three different transects (Chennai, Cuddalore, and Karaikkal) and at three different depths (200 m, 500 m, and 1000 m) revealed the impact very clearly. Sediment granulometry, numerical abundance of macrofauna, number of species, diversity (Shannon–Wiener index and Total taxonomic distinctness index), species richness, species assemblages, and feeding types of macrobenthos showed the impact of the tsunami and the slow recovery thereafter. Our data showed that the macrobenthic community had not returned to the pre‐tsunami state after one and one‐half years.
Tangled banks: A landscape genomic evaluation of Wallace's Riverine barrier hypothesis for three Amazon plant species
Authors: Nazareno Alison G. , Dick Christopher W. , Lohmann Lúcia G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWallace's Riverine Barrier hypothesis is one of the earliest biogeographic explanations for Amazon speciation, but it has rarely been tested in plants. In this study, we used three woody Amazonian plant species to evaluate Wallace's Hypothesis using tools of landscape genomics. We generated unlinked single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from the nuclear genomes of 234 individuals (78 for each plant species) across 13 sampling sites along the Rio Branco, Brazil, for Amphirrhox longifolia (8,075 SNPs), Psychotria lupulina (9,501 SNPs) and Passiflora spinosa (14,536 SNPs). Although significantly different migration rates were estimated between species, the population structure data do not support the hypothesis that the Rio Branco—an allopatric barrier for primates and birds—is a significant genetic barrier for Amphirrhox longifolia, Passiflora spinosa or Psychotria lupulina. Overall, we demonstrated that medium‐sized rivers in the Amazon Basin, such as the Rio Branco, are permeable barriers to gene flow for animal‐dispersed and animal‐pollinated plant species.
Much ado about extremes: An experimental test of the shaping effect of prices on preferences
Authors: Beraldo Sergio , Filoso Valerio , Stimolo Marco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is evidence of a shaping effect of market prices on subjects’ evaluations in repeated private value auctions. This evidence has been traditionally interpreted as a pure behavioural phenomenon in contexts where the only available information is the market price. In this paper, we enrich the subjects’ information set by providing in treatment groups additional information on extreme asks. Our main results show a shaping effect both in the control and in the treatments and a stronger effect of the extreme information that more than halves the effect of the market price on subjects’ asks. Differently from the existing literature, we find that the provision of additional information inactivates the well‐documented tendency of the market price to fall at each auction round as a consequence of over‐asking correction. We discuss different possible mechanisms underlying this key finding.
Herman Bavinck’s ‘Yes’ and Karl Barth’s ‘No’: Constructing a Dialectic‐in‐Organic Approach to the Theology of General Revelation
Authors: Xu Ximian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBy grounding theology in God’s revelation, Herman Bavinck (1854‐1921) and Karl Barth (1886‐1968) take differing attitudes to general revelation, which is widely accepted in the circle of Reformed theology. Bavinck firmly says ‘Yes’ to the existence of the knowledge of God in creation. In contrast with him, Barth holds fast to the Christocentric view of God’s revelation, and thus says ‘No’ to general revelation in the universe. This divergence is primarily due to their different theological thinking and concerns. Bavinck deploys organic thinking in revelation and focuses on God’s creation, which seems to blur the distinction between general and special revelation. By contrast, Barth makes use of dialectical thinking and preoccupies himself with divine‐human reconciliation, which subordinates creation to God’s redemption. To this extent, both bring about disparities within God’s revelation. This essay proposes a dialectic‐in‐organic approach to general revelation, which affirms the disclosure of the knowledge of the Triune God in creation, recognises the independent value of creation, and maintains the diversity‐with‐parity within the revelation of the Triune God.