bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consolidation around a point heat source (correction and verification)
Authors: Chaudhry Aqeel Afzal , Buchwald Jörg , Kolditz Olaf , Nagel Thomas 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWe provide a brief review of the results obtained by Booker and Savvidou in their original 1985 paper describing the consolidation around a point heat source embedded in a fluid‐saturated porous medium. Although it gained a lot of attention in recent years, mainly as a benchmark problem for numerical codes, the analytical expressions for normal and shear stresses could not be confirmed to be correct. In this manuscript, we verify the expressions for temperature, pressure, and displacement and derive new expressions for the stress tensor withstanding numerical verification using the scientific open‐source thermo‐hydro‐mechanical‐chemical (THMC) simulator OpenGeoSys.
Administrative leaders as institutional entrepreneurs in developing countries: A study of the development and institutionalization of performance management in Ghana's public service
Authors: Ohemeng Frank L.K. , Kamga Osee 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPerformance management (PM) has become one of the most important reforms in the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, institutionalizing PM in the sector continues to be a major problem. Although a number of scholars continue to study the PM in the public sector from different theoretical perspectives, there has been paucity of research concerning the process of institutionalization. The few studies that have attempted to look at the process have done so from a “coercive isomorphism” perspective, especially through legislation. The lack of studies to examine the process of institutionalization has therefore created a gap, which needs to be filled. We therefore attempt to contribute to this discussion by exploring the role of institutional entrepreneurs and their impact on the development and institutionalization of PM in developing countries, with a particular focus on Ghana, a country obsessed with PM but was only able to institutionalize one in 2013 under the leadership of its Public Services Commission. How was the leadership of the PSC able to succeed where previous leaders could not? What characteristics did they display, and what strategies did they use to get things done? The research is a qualitative one.
Field test and electrode optimization of electrodynamic cleaning systems for solar panels
Authors: Faes Antonin , Petri Delphine , Champliaud Jonathan , Geissbühler Jonas , Badel Nicolas , Levrat Jacques , Roustom Bahaa , Hessler‐Wyser Aïcha , Wyrsch Nicolas , Ballif Christophe , Getaz Guy‐Olivier , McKarris George , Despeisse Matthieu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSoiling is the major cause of power loss of photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) in desert areas. Electrodynamic cleaning system (EDS) is an automatic and water‐free integrated cleaning system for mirrors or solar panels, which uses pulsed electric fields to remove dust off their surface. The first EDS field test over a long period on PV modules is reported here and shows a clear effect on soiling reduction in real conditions in Saudi Arabia. A total of 458 days of measurements is analyzed, and depending on the considered periods, performance losses due to soiling (soiling rate) can vary from −0.06%/day to −0.41%/day for a reference module, while the relative soiling rate reduction using an EDS can be up to 95.7% with an average of 32.1%. Cost calculations demonstrate an added value of the modules equipped with the EDS between 2.6 and 5.2 ¢/Wp compared with usual cleaning system, which is nearly between 10% and 20% of the module price.In addition, extended indoor tests of various electrode designs of EDS for heliostat dedicated to CSP or PV applications show a high cleaning efficiency of up to 98% with front glass thickness of more than 1 mm. A good specular reflectivity, only 4% lower than the bare reference mirror, is obtained with patterned sputtered silver in a spiral electrode design. High reliability of two types of electrode deposition is demonstrated after 200 cycles between −40°C and +85°C.
Demographic, occupational, and societal features associated with burnout among medical oncology staff members: Cross‐sectional results of a Cancer Center in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Zhishui , Leng Jiahua , Pang Ying , He Yi , Heng Fanxiu , Tang Lili 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing recognition that medical staff members are exposed to job and life stressors that increase the risk of burnout. This study aimed to investigate the potential stressors among medical staff members working at a Cancer Center in Beijing and to explore the demographic, occupational, and societal features associated with burnout.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) survey was distributed to all medical staff members, along with an anonymous questionnaire to collect general information about demographic, occupational, and societal characteristics. The data were analyzed using T test, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression.ResultsA total of 1096 of 1208 (91%) medical staff members completed the questionnaires, including 285 (26%) doctors and 572 (52%) nurses. The scores for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) were 14.51 ± 9.78, 5.78 ± 5.59, and 35.07 ± 10.43, respectively. Domicile, being a nurse, working overtime, and low self‐rated QoL were predictors of EE; Domicile, being a researcher, low self‐rated health, low self‐rated QoL, and bad colleague relationships were predictors of DP; Age, being a doctor or a nurse, low self‐rated health, and low self‐rated interpersonal relationships were predictors of low PA.ConclusionCompared with the other occupations, doctors and nurses are more likely to experience burnout. Additionally, cultivating a better work environment, promoting the health and quality of life of staff, and improving rapport with colleagues may help to prevent burnout.
Functional characterization of a novel λ‐cyhalothrin metabolizing glutathione S‐transferase, CpGSTe3, from the codling moth Cydia pomonella
Authors: Hu Chao , Wang Wei , Ju Di , Chen Gao‐Man , Tan Xiao‐Ling , Mota‐Sanchez David , Yang Xue‐Qing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent work has shown that two codling moth (Cydia pomonella) glutathione S‐transferase genes (GSTs), CpGSTd1 and CpGSTd3, can metabolize λ‐cyhalothrin, one of the recommended insecticides for C. pomonella control worldwide. However, systematical characterization of delta and epsilon GSTs, especially their potential contributions in the metabolism of λ‐cyhalothrin, is currently still lacking in C. pomonella.RESULTSIn this study, a total of nine cDNA sequences were identified in C. pomonella, including four in the delta and five in the epsilon subclasses. RT‐qPCR showed that seven GSTs were ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages, and CpGSTe2, CpGSTe3, and CpGSTe4 were mainly expressed in larvae. The mRNA levels of CpGSTd2, CpGSTd4, and CpGSTe5 were significantly higher in male than in female adults. Tissue‐specific expression analysis revealed that the CpGSTe2, CpGSTe3, and CpGSTe4 were highly expressed in the midgut while CpGSTd2 and CpGSTd4 were predominantly expressed in the Malpighian tubules. The transcripts of these GSTs (except CpGSTe1) were co‐expressed following exposure to LD10 of λ‐cyhalothrin for 3 h. Recombinant CpGSTd4, CpGSTe2, and CpGSTe3 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli displayed glutathione‐conjugating activity toward 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene. In addition, λ‐cyhalothrin could inhibit the activity of recombinant CpGSTd4, CpGSTe2, and CpGSTe3 enzymes, but only recombinant CpGSTe3 showed λ‐cyhalothrin metabolic capacity, with 21.88 ± 1.09% of parental compound being depleted within 1 h.CONCLUSIONThese data show that CpGSTe3 is a third GST gene, encoding an enzyme that metabolizes λ‐cyhalothrin in C. pomonella. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainability priorities across the strategic and operational level in packaging development
Authors: de Koeijer Bjorn , Gelhard Carsten , ten Klooster Roland 
Published: September 2019

Sustainability is well‐established in many companies' strategic postures. However, executing sustainability‐related goals often lags at the operational level. This study analyses how decision‐making processes in packaging development at different hierarchical levels are characterized in achieving a sustainability consensus.This research focuses on the alignment of the strategic and operational levels of packaging development in relation to the integration of sustainability considerations. This materializes in a stakeholder perspective on packaging development and an analysis of targets aiming for the integration of sustainability considerations in such development processes. The involvement and decision making by internal stakeholders, the involvement of external stakeholders and sustainability target setting are considered as conditions causing the outcome of interest: levels of sustainability implementation on both the strategic and the operational levels of packaging development.By using a set‐theoretic method, we address that different compositions of stakeholder involvement and target setting might cause the same level of sustainability priority at the strategic and operational levels. For data analysis, we use a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with empirical data derived from survey responses by packaging experts. This approach is motivated by its ability to address the complexity of the interplay of case characteristics within development processes.The research findings provide several indications of a limited alignment of a company's strategic sustainability ambition with the operational activities of multidisciplinary packaging development teams. The insights on the sustainability‐related configurations of stakeholders and target setting provide guidance for managing projects across the strategic and operational levels in improving sustainable packaging development.
Evaluation of the turbulence parametrization in the MOLOCH meteorological model
Authors: Trini Castelli Silvia , Bisignano Andrea , Donateo Antonio , Landi Tony C. , Martano Paolo , Malguzzi Piero 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn appropriate parametrization of turbulence is fundamental both in meteorological and atmospheric dispersion models, in order to properly simulate the dynamics of the flow and of the pollutants transported by it. The turbulence closure adopted in the meteorological model MOLOCH is presented, and its reliability and effectiveness are evaluated based on turbulent kinetic energy data measured at two suburban sites in north and south Italy. Very different topographical situations characterise the two sites, an Alpine and a coastal region, respectively. Particular attention is paid in assessing the low‐wind speed regime, a critical condition for air pollution, associated with turbulent features not yet fully understood. The analysis has proved that the turbulence closure in the MOLOCH model is able to capture and effectively reproduce the observed low‐level atmospheric turbulence processes, in all stability conditions.
Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers based on a wedge‐shaped electrostatic mirror with a two‐dimensional field
Authors: Spivak‐Lavrov Igor , Baisanov Orda , Yakushev Evgeniy , Nazarenko Leonid 
Published: September 2019

RationaleFor most of the last two decades, a considerable effort has been made towards improving time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), which has become an irreplaceable instrumental platform for the purposes of performing analytical measurements in life sciences, such as molecular biology, proteomics, medicine, etc. This can primarily be attributed to the ability of TOF MS to rapidly detect and identify nearly any targeted chemical trace with both high precision and accuracy. However, multi‐span TOF MS experiments are limited due to aberrations arising from multiple reflection; our proposed scheme will minimize these aberrations.MethodsThe inhomogeneous accelerating field is generated without using meshes by changing the potentials on the electrodes of the mirror. The ions are extracted from the ion source by short impulse activation of the accelerating electric field. Since the ions are extracted from various points of the source, even ions with identical masses acquire different velocities during acceleration.ResultsWe have shown that the “rear” ions of the packet catch up with the “front” ions, and packets of ions with identical masses are compressed in the direction of their movement. It is concluded that, by placing the detector in a plane with the greatest compression of ion packets, an enhanced performance of a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer is achieved.ConclusionsWe have shown that effective spatial–temporal focusing allows a small mass spectrometer to achieve high resolution and sensitivity. We also propose and numerically evaluate a new platform for designing multi‐stage and multi‐reflective time‐of‐flight analyzers with wedge‐shaped mirrors. We applied the simulation results to the modernization of old equipment and showed that by simply replacing the electrostatic mirror with an optimized one, a significant increase in the analyzing power can be achieved.
Zum Schubtragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten bei erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Meyer Patrick , Mensinger Martin , Koh Suet Kwan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProf. Dr.‐Ing. Mario Fontana zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres gewidmet.Verbunddübelleisten werden häufig bei Verbundträgern zur Übertragung der Schubkräfte verwendet. Die Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten bei Raumtemperatur wurde bereits umfangreich untersucht. Der Einfluss erhöhter Temperaturen, wie sie im Brandfall auftreten, auf die Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten wurde bisher noch nicht quantifiziert. Zur Bewertung des Temperatureinflusses auf die Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten wurden in einem nationalen AiF‐Forschungsprojekt Push‐out‐Versuche durchgeführt.In diesem Beitrag werden die experimentellen Untersuchungen zur Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten in Klothoidenform bei Raumtemperatur und erhöhten Temperaturen dargestellt. Ziel der experimentellen Untersuchungen ist es, den Temperatureinfluss auf die Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten zu bewerten. Mithilfe der experimentellen Untersuchungen und der Analyse der lokalen Tragmechanismen kann die Dübelkennlinie der Verbunddübelleisten analysiert werden.
Ergänzende Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten einfachsymmetrischer I‐Querschnitte unter Biegung, Druck und Torsion
Authors: Bours Anna‐Lena , Winkler Rebekka , Knobloch Markus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProf. Dr.‐Ing. Mario Fontana zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres gewidmet.Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung der EN 1993‐1‐1 für die zweite Generation der europäischen Tragwerksnormen (Eurocodes) wurde ein Bemessungsverfahren für stabilitätsgefährdete Bauteile mit einfach‐ und doppeltsymmetrischen I‐förmigen Querschnitten unter Druck, zweiachsiger Biegung und Torsion entwickelt. Aufgrund ausstehender Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Zeitpunkt des finalen Entwurfs sind die normativen Regelungen bisher konservativ limitiert. Die vorliegende Publikation überprüft daher auf Basis einer umfassenden Parameterstudie, ob die Regelungen für semi‐kompakte Querschnitte der Querschnittsklasse 3 gemäß Anhang B der prEN 1993‐1‐1:2018 [1] und für einfachsymmetrische Querschnitte gemäß Anhang C.1 der prEN 1993‐1‐1:2018 für Querschnitte mit planmäßiger Torsion angewendet werden können, um den Anwendern ein konsistentes Nachweisverfahren für stabilitätsgefährdete Bauteile unter unterschiedlichen Schnittgrößenkombinationen bereitstellen zu können. Die Analyse des strukturmechanischen Verhaltens von stabilitätsgefährdeten Bauteilen liefert die Grundlage für die Erweiterung des Nachweisverfahrens. Eine Vergleichsstudie belegt, dass der Anwendungsbereich oben genannter Nachweisverfahren auf einfachsymmetrische Querschnitte unter Torsionsbeanspruchung erweitert werden kann.
Stahlbrücken als Antwort im komplexen Umfeld
Authors: Somaini Diego , Raveglia Elio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIm Ingenieuralltag bietet sich eine Vielzahl von Aufgaben an, die eine möglichst ausgewogene und präzise Antwort benötigen. Brücken sind räumliche Strukturen, welche die äußerst einfache Funktion der Überwindung von Hindernissen übernehmen müssen. Um diese Funktion zu erfüllen, bieten sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten an, die vom zu überwindenden Hindernis, von der Nutzung der Verbindung und vom bereits vorhandenen bebauten oder unbebauten Umfeld abhängig sind. Folglich stellt die Wahl des eingesetzten Materials, der Typologie des Tragsystems und der Gestaltung der Brücke eine konkrete Lösung dar, die den Anspruch hat, die gestellten Anforderungen und Randbedingungen möglichst schlicht und effizient zu erfüllen. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Projekte präsentiert, die das Resultat der Arbeit eines Projektierungsteams sind und dank der Akzeptanz der Bauherrschaft realisiert werden konnten. Es ist nicht Absicht der Autoren, die Projekte als einzige oder bessere Antwort auf die geforderte Aufgabenstellung zu präsentieren, sondern eine kleine Übersicht über die Möglichkeit, Stahlbrücken als Antwort im komplexen Umfeld anzubieten.
Neuer Brückenschlag in der HafenCity
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Müller Thomas , Oppe Matthias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDer Neubau einer zentralen Fußgänger‐ und Radverkehrsverbindung über den Baakenhafen gehört zu einer Reihe umfangreicher Infrastrukturprojekte, die derzeit im Rahmen der Revitalisierung des Quartiers in der HafenCity Hamburg umgesetzt werden. Die schlanke Stahlkonstruktion mit einer Spannweite von 65 m ist das Ergebnis eines von der HafenCity Hamburg GmbH ausgelobten Realisierungswettbewerbs, den die Hamburger Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp Architekten) in Zusammenarbeit mit den Tragwerksplanern von Knippers Helbig aus Stuttgart für sich entschieden hatten. Das Bauwerk dient neben seiner Funktion als Wegeverbindung auch als logistisches Infrastrukturbauwerk zur alleinigen Versorgung des Quartiers mit den notwendigen Energieträgern und Medien. Die Fertigstellung im Mai 2018 war daher fester Bestandteil der Stadtentwicklung in der HafenCity.
Getwingbrücke Zermatt
Authors: Keil Andreas , Steigerwald Tobias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn prominenter Nachbarschaft zum Matterhorn liegt die neue Getwingbrücke auf der Schmalspurbahnstrecke zwischen Zermatt und dem Gornergrat, dem höchstgelegenen Bahnhof Europas. Sie wurde als Ersatz für die 114 Jahre alte Fachwerkbrücke vom Planungsteam aus schlaich bergermann partner, Schneller Ritz und Partner sowie Mooser Lauber Stucky Architekten unter schwierigen Randbedingungen entworfen, ausführungsreif geplant und auf der Baustelle außerdem im Amt der Bauoberleitung vor Ort koordiniert.Die Bestandsbrücke wies mit einem unterhalb der Gleise angeordneten Fachwerkträger ein effizientes Tragwerk auf. Um jedoch die Einhaltung des neuen Lichtraumprofils der kreuzenden Straßenbrücke sicherzustellen, musste die Bauhöhe deutlich reduziert werden. Da das Bauwerk ein städtebaulich prägendes Element ist, wurde ein Wettbewerb mit fünf Teams ausgelobt. Schlussendlich überzeugte die Jury der Entwurf des o. g. Planungsteams, da er mit einem starken gestalterischen Eindruck zusammen mit der sehr guten Integration ins bauliche Umfeld und dem freien Blick aufs Matterhorn den entscheidenden Unterschied zu den anderen Wettbewerbsbeiträgen bot.
Toxicity of ZnO/TiO2‐conjugated carbon‐based nanohybrids on the coastal marine alga Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Baek Soyoung , Joo Sung Hee , Su Chunming , Toborek Michal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing consumption of metal‐oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon‐based nanomaterials has caused significant concern about their potential hazards in aquatic environments. The release of NPs into aquatic environments could result in adsorption of NPs on microorganisms. While metal‐oxide NP‐conjugated carbon‐based nanohybrids (NHs) may exhibit enhanced toxicity toward microorganisms due to their large surface area and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), there is a lack of information regarding the ecotoxicological effects of NHs on marine diatom algae, which are an indicator of marine pollution. Moreover, there is scant information on toxicity mechanisms of NHs on aquatic organisms. In this study, four NHs (ie, ZnO‐conjugated graphene oxide [GO], ZnO‐conjugated carbon nanotubes [CNTs], TiO2‐conjugated GO, and TiO2‐conjugated CNT) that were synthesized by a hydrothermal method were investigated for their toxicity effects on a Thalassiosira pseudonana marine diatom. The in vitro cellular viability and ROS formation employed at the concentration ranges of 50 and 100 mg/L of NHs over 72 hours revealed that ZnO‐GO had the most negative effect on T. pseudonana. The primary mechanism identified was the generation of ROS and GO‐induced dispersion that caused electrostatic repulsion, preventing aggregation, and an increase in surface areas of NHs. In contrast to GO‐induced dispersion, large aggregates were observed in ZnO/TiO2‐conjugated CNT‐based NHs. The scanning electron microscopy images suggest that NHs covered algae cells and interacted with them (shading effects); this reduced light availability for photosynthesis. Detailed in vitro toxicity effects and mechanisms that cause high adverse acute toxicity on T. pseudonana were unveiled; this implied concerns about potential hazards of these mechanisms in aquatic ecosystems.
Fascism and Architecture
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter illustrates how the debates in the field of architecture similarly assumed special significance within the discourse on State art. Unlike the debates on the novel, those on architecture saw different movements attempting to show their suitability to represent the regime’s new political order as well as its idea of modernity, and so become the official arte di Stato. In order to demonstrate the complementary nature of the novel and architecture as cultural projects, we analyse the relationship between architecture and the regime in historical terms, by looking at its key developments from the 1920s till the early 1940s, in political terms, by examining the ‘battles’ for hegemony over the other arts, and in aesthetic terms by giving examples of how architectural language was developed and implemented in selected landmark buildings.
Novels and Buildings
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter applies the principles identified in the previous chapters to the analysis of a set of novels and buildings which exemplify the structural and conceptual intersections and points of contact between literature and architecture, considered here as convergent aesthetico-political projects aimed at the construction of a modern culture supporting the Fascist dictatorship. Our analysis takes into account the discourses surrounding the production and reception of these artworks, shedding light on their reception and their position within the Fascist cultural system. In the first section we analyse four novels: Gli indifferenti, Luce fredda, 522: racconto di una giornata and La strada e il volante. In the second section we carry out an analysis of three buildings: the Santa Maria Novella railway station in Florence, the expansion of the Olivetti factory in Ivrea, and the Danteum.