bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELFIN‐GPS Comparison of Energetic Electron Fluxes: Modeling Low‐Altitude Electron Flux Mapping to the Equatorial Magnetosphere
Authors: Sun Weiqin , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Artemyev Anton V. , Mourenas Didier , Morley Steven K. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Kasahara S. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Mitani T. , Yokota S. , Hori T. , Keika K. , Takashima T. , Teramoto M. , Shinohara I. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNear‐equatorial measurements of energetic electron fluxes, in combination with numerical simulation, are widely used for monitoring of the radiation belt dynamics. However, the long orbital periods of near‐equatorial spacecraft constrain the cadence of observations to once per several hours or greater, that is, much longer than the mesoscale injections and rapid local acceleration and losses of energetic electrons of interest. An alternative approach for radiation belt monitoring is to use measurements of low‐altitude spacecraft, which cover, once per hour or faster, the latitudinal range of the entire radiation belt within a few minutes. Such an approach requires, however, a procedure for mapping the flux from low equatorial pitch angles (near the loss cone) as measured at low altitude, to high equatorial pitch angles (far from the loss cone), as necessitated by equatorial flux models. Here we do this using the high energy resolution ELFIN measurements of energetic electrons. Combining those with GPS measurements we develop a model for the electron anisotropy coefficient, , that describes electron flux dependence on equatorial pitch‐angle, , . We then validate this model by comparing its equatorial predictions from ELFIN with in‐situ near‐equatorial measurements from Arase (ERG) in the outer radiation belt.
Simulated Surface‐Column NO2 Connections for Satellite Applications
Authors: Harkey M. , Holloway T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObservations of near‐surface NO2 show a diurnal pattern with midday minima and daily maxima in the morning and evening. These surface cycles are dependent on chemical processing, transport, and emissions. We evaluate these cycles with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model data from the EPA Air Quality Time Series (EQUATES) project, compared with ground‐based measurements from the EPA air quality system, two Pandora measurement sites, and satellite data from TROPOMI. We find that the morning vertical column density (VCD) lags surface concentrations by 1 hr on average, where this lag varies with location and day. The peak VCD can also lead the surface maximum concentration, especially in the evening, responding to transport and afternoon compression of the boundary layer. Modeled NO2 VCD is sensitive to column calculation technique. With hourly daytime satellite‐based NO2 observations newly available from the TEMPO instrument, the timing and magnitude of cycles in near‐surface NO2 versus column NO2 will help inform the utilization of hourly satellite data. This work will help inform the timing of surface‐column connections to better interpret new hourly satellite observations for health and air quality applications, including emissions characterization.
Comprehensive Analysis of a Chloride‐Rich Topographic Depression in Terra Sirenum, Mars: A Possible Lost Basin With Astrobiological Significance
Authors: Singh Deepali , Sinha Rishitosh K. , Acharyya Kinsuk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe hygroscopic nature of chlorides gives them the potential to provide a harbor for microbes to adapt and survive in extreme conditions, which is pertinent to Mars, given its evolution of climatic conditions. Moreover, observations of secondary hydrous minerals in chloride‐rich regions have opened the case for a diverse geological environment on the Martian surface. Therefore, through comprehensive analysis, we aim to reconstruct the geological evolution of a chloride‐rich basin within Terra Sirenum. We conducted morphological, morphometric, and mineralogical analyses of the basin and its surrounding area to determine its geological evolution, longevity, and environmental conditions during its activity. Subsequently, we carried out a discharge analysis of the surrounding valley networks and determined the water activity using ionic forms of the associated mineralogy. We observed bright‐toned polygonal cracks within the basin as well as its surrounding terrain, suggesting that the basin extended beyond its present boundary. Mineralogical diversity and age dating of the basin and the surrounding area indicated different geochemical environments and cycles of wetting and drying until the late Hesperian. Whereas, sediment transport modeling suggests that the basin was hydrologically active for more than ten thousand years. Our results show a tell‐tale signature of a large sedimentary basin and a large‐scale geological process within the Terra Sirenum. The water activity modeling show that the geochemical composition of the basin was favorable to support the origin of life forms and/or sustain them and suggest promising aspects of the basin for future landing missions.
Paleomagnetic Data Bearing on the Origin of the Supra‐ Subduction Zone Ophiolites in Southeast Anatolia and the Progressive Closure of the Neotethys Ocean in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Cengiz Mualla , Karabulut Savaş , Çabuk Burak Semih , Rajtschan Verena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Late Cretaceous supra‐subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites in SE Anatolia form two parallel belts: the northern ophiolitic belt, which was emplaced onto the Tauride platform and a second southern belt emplaced on the Arabian platform. There are controversial hypotheses about the geometry and tectonic process of these ophiolites, which are still not well understood. Here, we test three alternative tectonic models for; (a) One single ocean which is defined by the İzmir‐Ankara‐Erzincan Ocean; (b) A southern branch of the Neotethys Ocean; (c) Two separate oceanic basins, which are the Berit Ocean and the South Neotethys Ocean. We present paleomagnetic results from 161 sites focusing on the sheeted dyke complex, cumulate gabbros, extrusive and sedimentary sequences of the Upper Cretaceous ophiolites in the SE Anatolian region. We also sampled the unconformable cover units from Middle Eocene and Miocene sedimentary rocks to distinguish emplacement related tectonic rotations from post‐emplacement tectonic rotations. Our data indicate that the southern ophiolites (Hatay ophiolite, cumulate gabbro + lava) were formed at a paleolatitude of and those of the northern ophiolites (Göksun, İspendere, Guleman ophiolite, cumulate gabbro + lava) were formed at a paleolatitude of . We hypothesize that the northern ophiolites were derived from the Ocean in a NW‐SE directed subduction zone between the Taurides and the Bitlis Pütürge massif, while the southern ophiolites, in contrast, were formed in the South Neotethys Ocean in a NNW‐SSE directed subduction zone farther northeast of the Taurides. Both the ophiolites reached their present position during Late Cretaceous to Middle Miocene, affected by rigid‐block rotations almost in counterclockwise sense.
Mitophagy: insights into its signaling molecules, biological functions, and therapeutic potential in breast cancer
Authors: Chen Cong , Xiang Aizhai , Lin Xia , Guo Jufeng , Liu Jian , Hu Shufang , Rui Tao , Ye Qianwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMitophagy, a form of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Recent findings suggest that defective mitophagy is closely associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. Moreover, a better understanding of the multifaceted roles of mitophagy in breast cancer progression is crucial for the treatment of this disease. Here, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy process. In addition, we highlight the expression patterns and roles of mitophagy-related signaling molecules in breast cancer progression and the potential implications of mitophagy for the development of breast cancer, aiming to provide better therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
MLL oncoprotein levels influence leukemia lineage identities
Authors: Janssens Derek H. , Duran Melodie , Otto Dominik J. , Wu Weifang , Xu Yiling , Kirkey Danielle , Mullighan Charles G. , Yi Joanna S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Sarthy Jay F. , Ahmad Kami , Henikoff Steven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChromosomal translocations involving the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) locus generate potent oncogenic fusion proteins (oncoproteins) that disrupt regulation of developmental gene expression. By profiling the oncoprotein-target sites of 36 broadly representative MLL-rearranged leukemia samples, including three samples that underwent a lymphoid-to-myeloid lineage-switching event in response to therapy, we find the genomic enrichment of the oncoprotein is highly variable between samples and subject to dynamic regulation. At high levels of expression, the oncoproteins preferentially activate either an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) program, enriched for pro-B-cell genes, or an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) program, enriched for hematopoietic-stem-cell genes. The fusion-partner-specific-binding patterns over these gene sets are highly correlated with the prevalence of each mutation in ALL versus AML. In lineage-switching samples the oncoprotein levels are reduced and the oncoproteins preferentially activate granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) genes. In a sample that lineage switched during treatment with the menin inhibitor revumenib, the oncoprotein and menin are reduced to undetectable levels, but ENL, a transcriptional cofactor of the oncoprotein, persists on numerous oncoprotein-target loci, including genes in the GMP-like lineage-switching program. We propose MLL oncoproteins promote lineage-switching events through dynamic chromatin binding at lineage-specific target genes, and may support resistance to menin inhibitors through similar changes in chromatin occupancy.
Inhibiting EZH2 targets atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor by triggering viral mimicry via both RNA and DNA sensing pathways
Authors: Feng Shengrui , Marhon Sajid A. , Sokolowski Dustin J. , D’Costa Alister , Soares Fraser , Mehdipour Parinaz , Ishak Charles , Loo Yau Helen , Ettayebi Ilias , Patel Parasvi S. , Chen Raymond , Liu Jiming , Zuzarte Philip C. , Ho King Ching , Ho Ben , Ning Shiyao , Huang Annie , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Wilson Michael D. , Simpson Jared T. , De Carvalho Daniel D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInactivating mutations in SMARCB1 confer an oncogenic dependency on EZH2 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs), but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We found that the sensitivity of ATRTs to EZH2 inhibition (EZH2i) is associated with the viral mimicry response. Unlike other epigenetic therapies targeting transcriptional repressors, EZH2i-induced viral mimicry is not triggered by cryptic transcription of endogenous retroelements, but rather mediated by increased expression of genes enriched for intronic inverted-repeat Alu (IR-Alu) elements. Interestingly, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are highly enriched for dsRNA-forming intronic IR-Alu elements, suggesting a feedforward loop whereby these activated ISGs may reinforce dsRNA formation and viral mimicry. EZH2i also upregulates the expression of full-length LINE-1s, leading to genomic instability and cGAS/STING signaling in a process dependent on reverse transcriptase activity. Co-depletion of dsRNA sensing and cytoplasmic DNA sensing completely rescues the viral mimicry response to EZH2i in SMARCB1-deficient tumors.
Lassa virus persistence with high viral titers following experimental infection in its natural reservoir host, Mastomys natalensis
Authors: Hoffmann Chris , Krasemann Susanne , Wurr Stephanie , Hartmann Kristin , Adam Elisa , Bockholt Sabrina , Müller Jonas , Günther Stephan , Oestereich Lisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLassa virus (LASV) outbreaks in West Africa pose a significant public health threat. We investigated the infection phenotype and transmission (horizontal and vertical) of LASV strain Ba366 in its natural host, Mastomys natalensis. Here we analyze viral RNA levels in body fluids, virus titers in organs and antibody presence in blood. In adults and 2-week-old animals, LASV causes transient infections with subsequent seroconversion. However, mice younger than two weeks exhibit persistent infections lasting up to 16 months despite antibody presence. LASV can be detected in various body fluids, organs, and cell types, primarily in lung, kidney, and gonadal epithelial cells. Despite the systemic virus presence, no pathological alterations in organs are observed. Infected animals efficiently transmit the virus throughout their lives. Our findings underscore the crucial role of persistently infected individuals, particularly infected females and their progeny, in LASV dissemination within the host population.
Boosting spontaneous orientation polarization of polar molecules based on fluoroalkyl and phthalimide units
Authors: Tanaka Masaki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolar organic molecules form spontaneous polarization in vacuum-deposited films by permanent dipole orientations in the films, originating from the molecule’s potential ability to align itself on the film surface during deposition. This study focuses on developing polar molecules that exhibit spontaneous orientation polarization (SOP) and possess a high surface potential. In the proposed molecular design, a hexafluoropropane (6F) unit facilitates spontaneous molecular orientation to align the permanent dipoles, and a phthalimide unit induces strong molecular polarization. Furthermore, the introduction of phthalimides into the molecular backbone raises the glass transition temperature of the molecules, leading to the suppression of molecular mobility on the film surface during film deposition and an improvement in the dipole orientation. The resulting surface potential slope is approximately 280 mV nm−1 without substrate temperature control. Furthermore, this work proposes a method using position isomers as a design strategy to tune the SOP polarity. The substitution position of the strong polar units influences the direction of the total molecular dipoles and affects the SOP polarity of the 6F-based molecules. The proposed molecular designs in this study provide wide tunability of the SOP intensity and polarity, which contributes to highly efficient organic optoelectronic and energy-harvesting devices.
Mutations of PDS5 genes enhance TAD-like domain formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Göbel Anna-Maria , Zhou Sida , Wang Zhidan , Tzourtzou Sofia , Himmelbach Axel , Zheng Shiwei , Pradillo Mónica , Liu Chang , Jiang Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, topologically associating domains (TADs) organize the genome into functional compartments. While TAD-like structures are common in mammals and many plants, they are challenging to detect in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis PDS5 proteins play a negative role in TAD-like domain formation. Through Hi-C analysis, we show that mutations in PDS5 genes lead to the widespread emergence of enhanced TAD-like domains throughout the Arabidopsis genome, excluding pericentromeric regions. These domains exhibit increased chromatin insulation and enhanced chromatin interactions, without significant changes in gene expression or histone modifications. Our results suggest that PDS5 proteins are key regulators of genome architecture, influencing 3D chromatin organization independently of transcriptional activity. This study provides insights into the unique chromatin structure of Arabidopsis and the broader mechanisms governing plant genome folding.
Simultaneous path weak-measurements in neutron interferometry
Authors: Danner Armin , Masiello Ismaele V. , Dvorak Andreas , Kersten Wenzel , Lemmel Hartmut , Wagner Richard , Hasegawa Yuji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe statistical properties of the detection events constituting the interference fringes at the output of an interferometer are well-known. Nevertheless, there is still no unified view of what is happening to a quantum system inside an interferometer. Strong measurements of path operators destroy the interference effect. In weak measurements, an observable is weakly coupled to a pointer system and the resulting weak values quantify the observable by minimally disturbing the system. Previous which-way experiments with weak measurements could extract either the real or imaginary part of a single weak value with each ensemble. Here, we present the simultaneous full complex quantification of two path weak values with a single ensemble in a Mach–Zehnder neutron interferometer. Magnetic fields, oscillating with different frequencies, change the energy state in each interferometer path. The time-dependent phase between the energy states distinctly marks each path. The resulting beating intensity modulation at the interferometer output gives both path weak values. For the present experiment, the weak values’ absolute value and phase directly describe the observed amplitude and phase of the intensity modulation.
Estimation of hydrogen solubility in aqueous solutions using machine learning techniques for hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad Rasool , Nikravesh Hamed , Aghel Maryam , Kafi Moein , Kazemzadeh Yousef , Ranjbar Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe porous underground structures have recently attracted researchers’ attention for hydrogen gas storage due to their high storage capacity. One of the challenges in storing hydrogen gas in aqueous solutions is estimating its solubility in water. In this study, after collecting experimental data from previous research and eliminating four outliers, nine machine learning methods were developed to estimate the solubility of hydrogen in water. To optimize the parameters used in model construction, a Bayesian optimization algorithm was employed. By examining error functions and plots, the LSBoost method with R² = 0.9997 and RMSE = 4.18E-03 was identified as the most accurate method. Additionally, artificial neural network, CatBoost, Extra trees, Gaussian process regression, bagged trees, regression trees, support vector machines, and linear regression methods had R² values of 0.9925, 0.9907, 0.9906, 0.9867, 0.9866, 0.9808, 0.9464, and 0.7682 and RMSE values of 2.13E-02, 2.43E-02, 2.44E-02, 2.83E-02, 2.85E-02, 3.40E-02, 5.68E-02, and 1.18E-01, respectively. Subsequently, residual error plots were generated, indicating the accurate performance of the LSBoost model across all ranges. The maximum residual error was − 0.0252, and only 4 data points were estimated with an error greater than ± 0.01. A kernel density estimation (KDE) plot for residual errors showed no specific bias in the models except for the linear regression model. To investigate the impact of temperature, pressure, and salinity parameters on the model outputs, the Pearson correlation coefficients for the LSBoost model were calculated, showing that pressure, temperature, and salinity had values of 0.8188, 0.1008, and − 0.5506, respectively, indicating that pressure had the strongest direct relationship, while salinity had an inverse relationship with hydrogen solubility. Considering the results of this research, the LSBoost method, alongside approaches like state equations, can be applied in real-world scenarios for underground hydrogen storage. The findings of this study can help in a better understanding of hydrogen solubility in aqueous solutions, aiding in the optimization of underground hydrogen storage systems.
Dietary oyster mushroom fermented Vachellia erioloba pods enhance Boschveld chicken meat healthiness without altering its physicochemical quality, growth performance and physiology
Authors: Magagula Melokuhle Q. , Mthana Makiwa S. , Mthiyane Doctor M. N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe high content of fibre and antinutritional phytochemicals limit the utilization of Vachellia erioloba tree pods as nutraceutical feed additive for indigenous chicken diets. The pods can however be solid-state fermented using oyster mushrooms to enhance the nutritional utility of their spent substrate for the nutrition of the native birds. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of V. erioloba pods oyster mushroom spent substrate (OMSS) on growth performance, carcass traits, visceral organs, haemato-biochemistry, and meat quality including its fatty acid composition in Boschveld chickens. In a completely randomized design, 250 4-week old mixed gender Boschveld chicks were randomly allotted to 25 pens in which they were offered treatment diets (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% OMSS) each with 5 replicates of 10 for 12 weeks and then slaughtered. While there were neither linear nor quadratic effects of diet on overall feed intake (FI) (P > 0.05) and body weight gain (BWG) (P > 0.05), dietary incorporation of OMSS decreased overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (quadratic: P < 0.05) particularly in weeks 5 (linear: P < 0.05), 6 (quadratic: P < 0.01) and 11 (quadratic: P < 0.05) with no effects in subsequent weeks (P > 0.05). Also, OMSS induced no effects on all carcass characteristics, visceral organs, haemato-biochemistry and meat physico-chemical quality (P > 0.05) except for the increase in serum albumin (quadratic: P < 0.05) and bilirubin (quadratic: P < 0.05) as well as 24 h post-slaughter meat lightness (linear: P < 0.01), redness (quadratic: P < 0.05), yellowness (linear: P < 0.05), hue angle (quadratic: P < 0.05), and drip loss (quadratic: P < 0.05). Further, the spent substrate decreased meat myristic (linear: P < 0.01), palmitic (linear: P < 0.05), palmitoleic (linear: P < 0.01), and oleic (linear: P < 0.01) acids, as well as its total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (linear: P < 0.05), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (quadratic: P < 0.01), and n-6 PUFAs (linear: P < 0.05). Furthermore, it decreased the meat n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (quadratic: P < 0.01), with meat from birds fed diets incorporated with 2.5% OMSS eliciting the lowest ratio of 3.63. In contrast, dietary OMSS increased meat stearic (linear: P < 0.001), docosahexaenoic (quadratic: P < 0.01), and tricosanoic (linear: P < 0.001) acid concentrations as well as its total saturated FAs (SFAs) (linear: P < 0.01) and n-3 PUFAs (quadratic: P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary feeding of V. erioloba pods-derived OMSS enhanced meat nutritional healthiness without majorly altering its physico-chemical quality as well as growth performance, carcass traits, and haemato-biochemistry in Boschveld indigenous chickens. It is recommended for inclusion in indigenous chicken diets at 2.5% level.
Valorisation of apple pomace for the development of high-fibre and polyphenol-rich wheat flour cookies
Authors: Naseem Zahida , Bhat Naseer Ahmad , Mir Sajad Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApple pomace, abundant in dietary fibre and polyphenols, often goes unutilized, contributing to environmental pollution as it is discarded in open fields of Jammu and Kashmir. This study aimed to develop functional cookies fortified with apple pomace powder (APP), an industrial by-product. Wheat flour-APP formulations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were assessed. APP addition notably affected color values and functional properties, enhancing water and oil absorption capacities, swelling power, foam capacity and stability. Phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) post-fortification, elevating antioxidant properties. FT-IR spectroscopy identified distinctive chemical components in wheat flour and APP. Sensory evaluation favored cookies with 10% APP, indicating their potential for consumer acceptance. Thus, APP shows promise for producing innovative functional cookies, improving consumer health, utilizing industrial by-products, and reducing waste from apple processing plants, thereby mitigating environmental pollution.