bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic dynamic stability analysis of landslide based on unbalanced thrust method
Authors: Mei Hongru , Luo Hongxing , Sheng Qian , Chen He , Zhang Zhenping , Fu Xiaodong , Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The unbalanced thrust method is one of the main research methods for the stability evaluation of the geological hazard of the landslide caused by the earthquake. When the traditional unbalanced thrust method is used to calculate the safety factor of the seismic downhill slope, all the soil strips use the same seismic acceleration. This treatment does not consider the propagation process of seismic waves in the landslide body. In this paper, the peak acceleration of the seismic center of each soil strip is obtained by numerical simulation, considering the temporal and spatial variation of seismic waves in soil strip, forming an imbalance considering multi-point seismic action thrust method. Based on this, taking the landslide formed by the K92 roadbed excavation of a highway in Yunnan as an example, the unbalanced thrust and safety factor under different seismic intensities are analyzed, and the engineering reinforcement effect is studied. Analysis shows that: sliding surface has obvious sliding section and anti-slip section, and the sliding section is distributed in the soil block with large inclination angle at the trailing edge of the landslide,and the anti-slip section is distributed in the lower part of the landslide; the landslide is in an unstable state after excavation, which is consistent with the scene.After comprehensive measures such as slope reduction, anti-slide pile reinforcement and prestressed anchor cable reinforcement, the landslide meets the requirements of earthquake resistance against IX. The research results provide an effective method for the evaluation of dynamic stability of landslides caused by earthquakes.
Probability analysis of setback distance based on structural damage near earthquake-fault-rupture
Authors: Zhang Jianyi , Bo Jingshan , Li Ping , Shen Chao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The probabilistic analysis method is the inevitable result of the development of engineering seismic science and adapts to the current level of people’s understanding. This paper systematically summarizes the seismic damage of the engineering structures near the surface rupture zone of strong earthquakes in Yushu earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake and Jiji earthquake in recent years. According to the quantitative relationship between building damage index and distance, probability analysis results of the setback distance is given. This result is easy to popularize and apply, and lays a foundation for probabilistic risk analysis of buildings close to the surface rupture zone of strong earthquakes.
Discussion on Safety Early Warning Management in Building Construction
Authors: Li Kui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the continuous development of social economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the construction industry has been further developed. People attach great importance to the quality of construction. In construction, safety accidents threaten the safety of construction personnel, affect the stability of construction, and definitely affect the quality of later projects. In order to ensure the sustainable development of construction projects, it is necessary to establish and improve the safety early warning system, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and promote the sustainable development of construction enterprises. Following is a detailed analysis of the safety early warning management in building construction, in order to provide effective reference for promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry.
Study on Stability of Super-high Straight-web Cellular Steel Sheet Pile Cofferdam
Authors: Deng Yang , He Changhai , Fu Shaojun , Wu Xiguo , Yang Ruiting 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In recent years, steel sheet pile cofferdam has been adopted in some hydropower reconstruction and extension projects because of its many advantages. However, due to insufficient understanding of the bearing mechanism of super-high cellular cofferdam and lack of Engineering experience, there is no exact method to accurately predict the deformation and failure forms of the cofferdam, and there is no perfect safety and economic design theory, which restricts its popularization and application. Taking the Tarbela 4th Extension Project as background, the mechanical behavior and stability evaluation of the cofferdam in 30m deep water during construction and operation are studied by FEM, and influence of structural form and parameters on deformation characteristics of key parts is analysed. Results show that the maximum interlock tension occurs near mudline or top of berm during high lateral load. Development distribution of shear deformation are more in line with the Kitajima Shoichi’ method. The overturning deformation of cell can be effectively restrained by embedment, the rotation point changes regularly with the increase of berm and embedment. The sliding surface in cell conforms to Hansen’s calculation theory, the position of rotation and change of base pressure are closer to the Japanese standard. With the stiffness loss, the change of interlock tension is similar to the damage of low carbon steel, the shear sliding surface is related to berm which above the top overturning deformation is the largest. Based on the stability of cofferdam, there are various combinations of berm height and embedded depth, which can reduce the quantity of embankment works and the cost of later maintenance. The research results are of reference significance for the design and construction of similar super-high steel sheet pile cofferdams.
Reconstruction and Reinforcement New Techniques for Masonry Gravity Dams Upstream Anti-seepage Panels
Authors: Qi Peng , Dashui Gao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Masonry gravity dam type has been used widely in developing countries, in which China also has built many masonry gravity dams in the past. most of the masonry gravity dams have the structure of internal masonry and external reinforced concrete. Due to much internal masonry void, the dam upstream anti-seepage panel becomes the key part of its dam body anti-seepage system. After a long-time running, many masonry gravity dams’ upstream concrete panels have appeared many deficiencies such as aging, cracking, exposing steel bars and separating calcium, which have generated serious leakage problems, and then threatened the safety of the dams’ body and residents downstream, consequently the upstream anti-seepage panels should be restructured and reinforced with new techniques. This article summarizes technical difficulties and methods of masonry gravity dams’ upstream anti-seepage panels reconstruction and reinforcement, it also combined with an engineering project to introduce the new techniques and its effect of the upstream anti-seepage panel reconstruction and reinforcement.
Experimental Study on Bond Properties between FRP Bars and Coral Concrete
Authors: Chen Shuang , LÜ Haibo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The bonding behavior between Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) bars and concrete is the most basic mechanical behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete structural, which affects the structural calculation and performance analysis. However, few studies involved coral concrete. The experimental study on the bond behavior between FRP bars and coral concrete was carried out. The results showed that the bond strength of FRP and coral concrete can meet the general engineering needs.
Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Four-side Partially Connected Steel Plate Shear Wall
Authors: Dong Lu , Yin Fuxin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Four-side partially connected steel plate shear wall is the structure that frame and plate are incompletely connected. Through the analysis of mechanism, it shows that, when compared with traditional completely connected steel plate shear wall, the partially connected one causes less additional bending moment on frame. In order to further learn about the behavior of partially connected steel plate shear wall, this paper used FE modeling method on ABAQUS. The paper analyzed the influences of the frame-plate connection ratio and the height-thickness ratio of steel plate on the behavior of unstiffened four-side partially connected steel plate shear wall, and investigated the function of three different forms of stiffeners on partially connected steel plate shear wall.
Post-peak roughness degradation model based on Barton-Bandis criterion for rock joint
Authors: Wang Jinmei , Zhang Yingbin , Wang Pan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the non-linear shear behaviour obtained by many researchers’ direct shear test, an exponential degradation model about the joint roughness is introduced into Barton-Bandis shear strength criterion to describe the non-linear post-peak shear behaviour. In the degradation model, the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) gradually decreases with the shear displacement to account for asperity degradation during shear process, and the decay rate decreases. Finally the JRC falls to a constant value that corresponds to the residual shear resistance of the joint and the decay rate decreases to zero. At last, the model is used to fit experimental data for different materials of joints, and the high fitting accuracy shows its validity.
Reliability Assessment on Stability of Slopes Reinforced with Anti-sliding Piles in Spatially Variable Soils
Authors: Yang Changyou , Cheng Longfei , Zhang Wengang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A reliability-based analysis method considering spatial variability of soil properties was proposed for stability analysis of pile-reinforced slope system in this paper. A total of 71 three dimensional (3D) finite element simulation results were used to develop a Polynomial Regression (PR) model relating the safety factor (FOS) of the slope system to the key input parameters. The PR model was proved to be reasonably accurate with a high coefficient of determination. It was subsequently implemented into a modified spreadsheet involving First-order reliability method (FORM) and spatial variability factors to perform spatial variability and reliability analyses. Based on the results, some useful conclusions are arrived with regard to the effects of spatial variability factors. In addition, a useful guideline for geotechnical engineers to choose suitable pile locations in engineering practices is provided.
Laboratory Study on Electrochemical Repair for Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Chloride ions Environment
Authors: Yan Li , Yongkun Qin , Wenxun Qian , Ning Xu , Xichang Zhu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Due to the “Ring-Anode” effect, reinforced concrete structures will shortly appear to have more serious corrosion deterioration after repairing by conventional rehabilitation methods in a chloride ion environment. Electrochemical repair methods have proved to be an effective and reliable technique for the protection of reinforced concrete structures, especially sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) systems. In the study, active mortars were developed by adding polypropylene (PP) fiber and humectants. Adding PP fiber is intended to control the early shrinkage cracking of the active mortar, and increase the porosity of the active mortar for corrosion products to migrate easily. Using humectants intends to improve resistivity of the active mortar surrounding the anode and performance of the embedded sacrificial anode. The physical and electrochemistry performances of the active mortar were tested compared with the ordinary mortar. In the laboratory, a simulated chloride ions environment was used to evaluate the active mortar with a zinc mesh sacrificial anode for repairing and protecting the reinforcing bar from corrosion in a reinforced concrete column. The tested concrete column was submerged in the salt water and exposed to the air laboratory alternately. According to the criterion of cathodic protection (CP) for reinforced concrete, the reinforcing bars were protected effectively.
Development of Concrete Admixtures and Their Application in Road Bridges
Authors: Lu Mingyu , Ying Meng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Concrete admixtures, which is in order to distinguish mineral admixtures such as fly ash. In cement concrete, the technical and economic benefits of admixtures can be maximized. This technology has attracted attention at home and abroad and is now an indispensable part of concrete. The admixture can reduce the use of cement concrete in engineering, make concrete have more practical functions, and maintain good quality under various concrete engineering construction procedures to meet the individual needs of concrete during construction. Reduce the use of cement and reduce construction costs. This thesis is to study the types, properties, advantages and disadvantages of concrete admixtures, and applies the professional knowledge to studying the application of various concrete admixtures in road and bridge engineering to solve various concrete admixtures in real life. Some of the problems have made various concrete admixtures more widely used in road and bridge engineering.
Passive earth pressure under the log-spiral failure mechanism
Authors: Han Xiaofeng , Cai Zhenyin , Hou Wenang , Ruan Xiaobo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Under either convex or concave log-spiral failure mechanism, the passive earth pressure may be overestimated. This paper develops a new formula satisfying the moment limit equilibrium condition, which combines a new procedure to determine the passive earth pressure. The procedure could consider convex and concave log-spiral failure mechanisms simultaneously and figure out which failure mechanism is critical. The present method can investigate the influence of the inclination of wall, the slope of backfill or the wall friction on the shape of the critical slip surface. Additionally, the comparisons illustrate that the critical slip surface is concave log-spiral under certain conditions.
Comparison of different calculation methods for estimating scale of fluctuation of design soil properties based on indirect measurement data
Authors: Tian Mi , Sheng Xiaotao , Li Lihua , Zhang Fan , Xiao Henglin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Determination of scale of fluctuation (SOF) is a necessary prerequisite for describing the inherent spatial variability (ISV) of design soil properties (i.e., effective friction angle φ’) using a stationary random field in geotechnical reliability analysis. It is very important to select an appropriate method to enable an accurate estimate of SOF. However, it has been a challenging task due to the fact that the true SOF is actually unknown. In addition, when the number of direct test data of design soil properties are too limited to generate meaningful statistics, the design soil properties are indirectly estimated through transformation models which involve transformation uncertainty. This paper investigates the validity and accuracy of three commonly-used calculation methods (e.g., Bayesian approaches, mean average method, and fitting sample autocorrelation function (ACF) method) for estimating SOF of φ’ using indirect cone penetration test (CPT) data. It is found that Bayesian approaches provide more accurate estimates of λ of φ’ because it takes the transformation uncertainty from empirical regression models into reasonable consideration. The mean average method and fitting sample ACF method underestimate λ of φ’.
Stress Intensity Factors of Interfacial Crack with Arbitrary Crack Tractions
Authors: Hong Zhong , Li Chunlei , Li Hongjun , Guo Shengshan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Interfacial crack is much more complicated than a crack in homogeneous material. The crack is always in mixed-mode even for symmetrical geometry and symmetrical load, and the stress intensity factor has a complex value, which poses great challenges to numerical modelling. In some cases, there is surface traction on the crack faces, which can be crucial to the stability of the crack. In the presented research, a procedure is brought forward for analysis of interfacial crack with arbitrary surface traction based on the Scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM). The surface traction on the crack is firstly divided into two parts, one in the direction normal to the crack face and the other in the tangential direction. Then each part is further divided into a series of power function of the radial coordinate. The solution for each can be solved semi-analytically by the SBFEM and is then superimposed to get the total solution. With this procedure, the stress and displacement are solved analytically in the radial direction, and the stress singularity at crack tip is obtained with high precision without refined mesh. Both anisotropic and isotropic materials can be considered. For validation of the procedure, a plate containing an interfacial crack and assuming different material propertes and different surface traction is investigated. Sensitivity analysis is also performed concerning the plate geometry and material properties. Finally the model is applied to solving the stress intensity factors of an interfacial crack of a gravity dam filled with water.
Fast assessment method for progressive collapse of RC frame structures
Authors: Zhong Bo , Zhang Ze-Jiang , Jiang Ya-Qiang , Zhu Hui , Huang Hao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Progressive collapse has attracted enormous research interests since the catastrophic 911 event. However, there is still a lack of fast assessment methods for assessing the damage state of structures suffering a certain initial local failure. In this paper, a newly developed efficient numerical model is introduced for progressive collapse analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure, and the reliability of the numerical model is verified by a collapse test. Then, the fast assessment method is proposed based on both the numerical model and energy approach. A 6-story RC frame structure is taken as an example, and three different initial failure scenarios are analysed by both the proposed fast assessment method and direct dynamic analysis method. Results indicate that although only one static analysis is required for the proposed fast assessment method, the accuracy is almost identical with that of direct dynamic analysis.
Seismic Aspects Regards Overbuilding on Masonry Heritage Buildings
Authors: Causevic Amir , Aksamija Lemja , Rustempasic Nerman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, masonry heritage buildings usually experience changes during exploitation. In areas of emphasized seismic risk, in cases of extensions, alterations to the original dimensions, reconstruction (the removal of bearing elements, replacement of materials, introduction of new fittings), or the subsequent erection of properties close by, with a comparison of the foundation levels change of use, refurbishment, extension, or additional building to an existing building. It is necessary to analyze the seismic aspect of such interventions in seismic prone areas. At first, we’ll focus on the legal and technical regulations. For start we’ll look back at UNESCO’s Program on Masonry Heritage, then domestic and regional legal and technical regulations and with all of that we will define the first step of the process. Next step would be a detailed registration of the current condition of the building, and also determining the characteristics of the embedded materials. The load bearing structures of the building must also be accurately identified, with all relevant measurements and, in particular, a description of the building materials and their condition. This includes all detailed maps, plans, and details of the used materials, and especially detailed record of all the damages on the structure. Even at this early stage of investigative works it may prove necessary to secure certain structural elements, or even the entire building, to prevent it from collapsing. As a rule, this requires not only the removal of the outer cladding or even of parts of a wall to determine the depth of cracks but also, if there is any suggestion of subsidence, excavations around the building or to the depth of the foundations. Calculations, based on the planned and current condition of the building, will show whether the strengthening and rehabilitation are needed for the structure. The elements that need reinforcement or conservation can be identified during the initial visit, and provision can immediately be made to take the necessary steps to relieve the load. It is necessary to do all the steps regarding technical regulations, legal regulations, methods of approach, theoretical consideration, methods of calculation, and in the end to determine the needs of that building. Theoretical consideration regarding the determined condition of structure, from all the above aspects, is the next step to be done. This also includes evaluation of the viability of these interventions, based on experience. The most sensitive issue, without doubt, is determining the condition of the foundations. This should be addressed with the utmost care with the general opinion of the building’s stability in mind.
The Use of Lidar Data and VHR Imagery to Estimate the Effects of Tree Roots on Shallow Landslides Assessment
Authors: Alexander Vega Johnny 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study of geo-hazards has been benefited from the technological advances in the field of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques as the ALS (Airborne Laser Scanners) Systems with Very High Resolution (VHR) cameras. Recently, the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active sensor technique used for a variety of geoscientific applications including slope monitoring to retrieve ground surface displacements at high spatial resolution. Additionally, LiDAR has been widely used in order to collect high-resolution information on forests structure for the determination and characterization of vegetation cover due its ability to capture multiple returns and to reach the ground, even in forested areas, allowing the generation of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) for the estimation of forest variables. In this paper, a LiDAR dataset and VHR imagery from aerial survey was used in the southwest zone of Medellín City-Colombia where the most frequent landslides are shallow and triggered by rainfall. Slopes with gradients up to 30% on residual soils characterize the study area, having about of 30% of forest cover consisting predominantly of Eucalyptus and Coniferous forests. For the estimation of the tree roots effects on the shallow landslides assessment on a natural slope, interpolation processes were developed from the LiDAR 3D point cloud, obtaining DTMs of 1 m-pixel. Additionally, orthophotos with the same spatial resolution were acquired in the aerial campaign. The proposed workflow was implemented on a GIS platform, and considers the extraction of the tree heights by generating a Canopy Height Model (CHM), while for the delineation of the tree crown a process of image segmentation was developed. Once the vegetation has been characterized using LiDAR products and dendrometric relationships, the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) was used to evaluate slope stability considering the effect of vegetation (trees). The results indicate that the proposed workflow allows to obtain adequate stability indicators for the estimation of tree roots contribution and additionally, this RS technique allows saving resources in this kind of analysis.