bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of treatment seeking behavior of malaria suspected fever patients attending urban health and training centre Chameli Chouk, Sagar
Authors: Panika Ram K. , Maohore Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2019

Background: As malaria is among the leading public health problems globally as well as in India, early diagnosis and treatment of cases is one of the key interventions for its control and elimination. Present study was done to assess treatment-seeking behaviour and associated factors among malaria suspected patients.Methods: Present study was carried out at urban health and training center, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. The hospital based prospective study by facility based identification of patients. Study was under taken from 1st Oct 2018 to 31st march 2019. All malaria suspected cases of fever cases who got tested for malaria. Purposive sampling technique. After a pilot study final questionnaire regarding treatment seeking behavior were used to collect information from 285 patients of fever data was analyzed in word excel 2007 using percentage and proportion.Results: In present study we found that out of 285 patients only 54 (18.94%) patient approached health facility within 24 hours. Majority of patient 93(32.63%) adopted self medication practice, 20.00% patient, who did nothing and waited for self resolution of fever. Majority of 39.82% answered mildness of disease as a reason for delay in getting treatment.Conclusions: A low proportion of malaria-suspected patients sought treatment within 24 h of fever onset compared to the national target. Awareness about the advantage early treatment-seeking need to be increased through health education and behavioural change communication.
Penyerapan Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i dalam Penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Umam Khairul 
Published: May 2019

Islamic Law Compilation is still an interesting topic to study by Muslim scholars in Indonesia. The Islamic Law Compilation is a typical Indonesian jurisprudence used as reference for religious court judges. This article aims to identify the use of the Shafi'ite school on the rules of marriage in the Islamic Law Compilation. This article comes from normative research with a descriptive approach. The results of this study show that the influence of the Shafi'i school is more dominant in the Islamic Law Compilation. However, the compilers of the Islamic Law Compilations used the opinion of other schools. The articles relating to the requirements, pillars and procedures for implementing marriage are absorbed from the provisions of the Shafi'ite jurisprudence. Such as marital proposal, marriage guardian, ijab qabul, and dowry. the Islamic Law Compilation is not only collecting or adopting the classical jurisprudence of Islamic scholars, but it also provides a new provision that has not yet existed in the treasures of the previous Islamic jurisprudence.Kompilasi Hukum Islam masih menjadi bahan menarik untuk dikaji oleh sarjana muslim di Indonesia. Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan fiqh khas Indonesia yang dijadikan rujukan bagi hakim pengadilan agama. Artikel ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penggunaan mazhab Syafi’i pada aturan perkawinan dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Artikel ini berasal dari penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa Pengaruh mazhab Syafi’i lebih dominan dalam penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Meskipun demikian, para perumus Kompilasi Hukum Islam menggunakan pendapat mazhab lain. Pasal-pasal yang berkaitan dengan syarat, rukun dan tata cara pelaksanaan perkawinan diserap dari ketentuan fiqh mazhab Syafi’i. Seperti peminangan, wali nikah, ijab qabul, mahar. Kompilasi Hukum Islam bukan hanya sekedar mengumpulkan atau mengadopsi pandagan ulama fiqh klasik. Akan tetapi memberikan ketentuan baru yang belum ada dalam khazanah fiqh terdahulu.
Cinétique d’infestation par les tiques des bovins de la région subhumide de Constantine en Algérie
Authors: Benchikh Elfegoun Mohamed Chérif , Kohil Karima , Gharbi Mohamed , Afoutni Larbi , Benachour Mohamed Lamine 
Published: May 2019

Une étude a été menée de mai 2008 à avril 2009 pour déterminer une fois par mois dans deux élevages de la région de Constantine (étage subhumide de l’Algérie), situés respectivement à 500 et 1000 mètres d’altitude, l’évolution de l’infestation des bovins par les tiques. Sur quarante bovins suivis (20 par élevage), 2031 tiques ont été récoltées sur les différentes régions anatomiques (périnée, mamelle, scrotum, oreilles, entre autres). Sept espèces de tiques réparties en quatre genres ont été identifiées : Rhipicephalus bursa (48,5 %), tiques du groupe R. sanguineus (26,6 %), Hyalomma marginatum (11 %), Haemaphysalis punctata (5,7%), Hy. lusitanicum (3,9 %), Hy. scupense (2,7 %) et Ixodes ricinus (1,5 %). La prédominance de R. bursa, d’une part, et l’absence de H. scupense à 1000 m d’altitude, d’autre part, ont été notées. Par ailleurs, l’influence de l’altitude et de l’âge a été étudiée, et la localisation des tiques sur les animaux a été enregistrée. L’étude de la dynamique saisonnière d’infestation a montré que la lutte antivectorielle, en cas de fortes infestations, devrait être principalement appliquée durant la période chaude (de mai à août), correspondant au pic d’abondance de R. bursa et de H. scupense, principales espèces responsables de la transmission des piroplasmoses chez les bovins, dont les babésioses et la theilériose tropicale.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra Leaves Against Selected Microorganisms
Authors: Hawaz Weldu  , Abel Mehari  , Lia Alem  
Published: May 2019

Many traditional practitioners in developing countries use the herbaceous plant to treat a different type of microbial infection. Eritrea is one of the developing countries where most of their communities are dependent on herbal medicines for the treatment of infectious disease. However, this malpractice follows incorrect dosage, administration, formulation, frequency and other non-scientific methods with the inevitable negative effect of the practice which makes it inconvenient for the clients who seek treatment. Therefore the current study was carried out to get a scientific evidence of antimicrobial activity of two selected important herbal plants. Active part from leaves of Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra were extracted by continuous hot extraction (Soxhlet technique), and different concentrations were obtained by ethanol, N-hexane, aqueous and DMSO solvents. Microorganisms (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus from bacterial strains and Candida Albicans from fungal strain) were selected for testing antimicrobial activity of the plants. Then the extracted solutions were diffused to selected standard organisms inoculated in Muller Hinton Agar using well diffusion technique. Ethanol extracts of S. Alba of 2500mg/ml dissolved in DMSO concentration against E. coli have shown a significant activity with inhibition zones of 30mm. This plant in the same concentration also had a considerable effect against S. aureus and C. Albcaians with a prompting result of 28mm and 25mm zones of inhibition respectively which is greater than the positive control. Moreover, this plant showed almost an equal activity at 1000mg and 250mg which are 20mm and 13mm respectively for C. Albicans, 26mm and 23mm for S. aureus and for E. coli 25mm and17mm. N-hexane extracts of the same plant also showed a remarkable activity at concentrations of 1000mg, 250mg and 50mg, where the zones of inhibition against S. aureus were 18mm, 20mm and 25mm respectively. Ethanol-extract of this plant diluted in ethanol also showed activity at the lowest concentration. Generally, both plants extracted using N-hexane and Ethanol extracts gave a remarkable activity against all the selected micro-organisms.
Comparative Analysis of Piperine in Wild Plant and Callus of Piper longum by HPLC Method
Authors: Sifat Siddique  
Published: May 2019

Piperine is chief bio-molecular active compound of Piper longum, exhibited various pharmacological activities. In addition it improves the bioavailability of other nutritive substances. The aim of the study was to induce callus from Piper longum, and compared the quantification of piperine in callus and wild grown Piper longum. The callus were produced by transferring the sterile leaves on MS medium containing different concentration of cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 1.0 mg/l KN (kinetin) with auxins like 0.5 - 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Piper longum plant and callus were prepared. The content of piperine in plant extract and callus extract were performed by HPLC. The phytochemical study uncovered the nearness of different secondary metabolites in various extract of plant. The HPLC chromatogram displayed that content of piperine present in callus extract was higher compared to field grown plants.
Evaluasi Paket Teknologi Produksi Benih TSS Bawang Merah Varietas Bima Brebes di Dataran Tinggi (Evaluation of the Packages TSS Seed Production Technology of Bima Brebes Varieties in the Highland)
Authors: Rosliani Rini , Hilman Yusdar , Sulastrini Ineu , Yufdy Muhammad Prama , Sinaga Rismawita , Hidayat Iteu M M 
Published: May 2019

<p>Penggunaan biji botani bawang merah atau true seed of shallot (TSS) diyakini dapat memecahkan kendala ketersediaan benih bawang merah di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan paket teknologi produksi benih TSS yang menghasilkan pembungaan dan produksi biji yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian teknologi produksi TSS dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Lembang dengan ketinggian tempat 1.250 m dpl. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak berpasangan dengan dua perlakuan paket teknologi dan diulang lima kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A (aplikasi pukan kuda 10 ton/ha dan ayam 5 ton/ha, SP-36 250 kg/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha aplikasi 10 kali (seminggu sekali), aplikasi BAP dan boron) menghasilkan pembungaan dan produksi biji/TSS yang lebih tinggi daripada paket B (pukan kuda 20 ton/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha dengan dua kali aplikasi, dan aplikasi GA3). Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi teknologi produksi TSS yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini sangat layak untuk memproduksi benih TSS yang bermutu tinggi.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Biji botani bawang merah; BAP; Boron; GA3; Pemupukan</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The use of true seed of shallots (TSS) is believed to solve the constraints of the availability of shallot seeds in Indonesia. The research objective was to compare the two packages TSS seed production technology that produces higher flowering and seed production. Research on TSS production technology was carried out at Margahayu Experimental Garden, Lembang with an altitude of 1,250 m above sea level. Research used a paired plot design with two treatments of technology package and five replicates. The results showed that treatment A (horse manure 10 ton/ha + chicken manure 5 ton/ha + SP-36 250 kg/ha + NPK 600 kg/ha application 10 times + BAP 37,5 ppm + boron 3 kg/ha) produce better flowering and seed production/higher TSS than package B (horse manure at a rate of 20 ton/ha, NPK 600 kg/ha with two times application and the use of GA3). The implication of this research showed the TSS production technology innovation that is being developed today is very feasible to produce high quality TSS in support shallot seed.</p>
HOSENG trial – Effect of the provision of oral self-testing for absent and refusing individuals during a door-to-door HIV testing campaign on testing coverage: protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial in rural Lesotho
Authors: Amstutz Alain , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Khesa Lefu , Muhairwe Josephine , Nsakala Bienvenu Lengo , Tlali Katleho , Bresser Moniek , Vanobberghen Fiona , Kopo Mathebe , Kao Mpho , Klimkait Thomas , Battegay Manuel , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Glass Tracy Renée 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND
HIV testing coverage remains below the targeted 90% despite efforts and resources invested. Home-based HIV testing is a key approach endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially to reach individuals who might not seek testing otherwise. Although acceptance of test-ing during such campaigns is high, coverage remains low due to absent household members. This cluster-randomized trial aims to assess increase in testing coverage using oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) among individuals who are absent or decline testing during home-based HIV testing.

METHODS
The HOSENG (HOme-based SElf-testiNG) trial is a cluster-randomized, parallel group, superiority trial in two districts of Lesotho, Southern Africa. Clusters are stratified by district, village size, and village access to the nearest health facility. Cluster eligibility criteria include: village is in catchment area of one of the study facilities, village authority provides consent, and village has a registered, capable and consenting village health worker (VHW). In intervention clusters, HIV self-tests are provided for eligible household members who are absent or decline HIV testing in presence of the campaign team. In control clusters, standard of care for absent and refusing individuals applies, i.e. referral to health facility. The primary outcome is HIV testing coverage among individuals 12 years and older within 120 days after enrolment. Secondary objectives include HIV testing coverage among other age groups, and uptake of the different testing modalities. Statistical analyses will be conducted and reported in line with CONSORT guidelines. HOSENG trial is linked to VIBRA (Village-Based Refill of ART) trial. Together, they constitute the GET ON (GETting tOwards Ninety) research project.

DISCUSSION
The HOSENG trial tests if oral HIVST may be an add-on during door-to-door testing campaigns towards achieving optimal testing coverage. The provision of oral self-test kits, followed up by VHWs, requires little additional human resources, finances and logistics. If cost-effective, this approach will inform home-based HIV testing policies not only in Lesotho, but in similar high-prevalence settings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03598686) on July 25, 2018. More information under www.getonproject.wordpress.com.
Optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough suppression: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhang Dongsheng , Tian Shunping , Yang Yang , Xing Zhi , Ma Rongrong , Zhou Tianqi , Bao Tianxiu , Sun Jianhong , Zhang Zhuan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) suppression.
Methods: Patients of 180 undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2, ASA I or II, were equally randomized into four groups (n = 45) to receive intravenous pretreatment of dexmedetomidine with 0 (group 1), 0.3 (group 2), 0.6 (group 3) and 0.9 (group 4) mcg/kg over 10 mins, respectively. After the pretreatment, all patients were given a 5-s intravenous injection of fentanyl 4 mcg/kg. The symptoms of irritating cough including the severity and onset time were recorded for 1 min after fentanyl injection. General anesthesia induction was completed with midazolam, propofol and cisatracurium, then endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask was inserted and connected to an anesthesia machine. MAP, HR and SpO2 at the beginning of pretreatment (T0), 3 min (T1), 6 min (T2), 9 min (T3) and 12 min (T4) after the beginning of pretreatment were recorded. Side effects of dexmedetomidine, such as bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, and respiratory depression were also recorded during the course.
Results: Totally 168 patients completed the study. The incidences of cough were 52.4%, 42.9%, 11.9%, and 14.3% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05) and between groups 3 and 4 (P > 0.05). The incidence and severity of cough in groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Compared to T0, HR at T2 (P < 0.05), T3 (P < 0.01), and T4 (P < 0.01) decreased significantly and MAP at T4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in group 4. Bradycardia occurred in 1 case and respiratory depression occurred in 1 case in group 4. Compared to group 1, the onset time of cough in the other 3 groups were delayed significantly (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreated dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg/kg blous intravenous infusion over 10 mins could reduce FIC effectively without side effects.
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), improve offspring fitness by avoiding oviposition substrates with competitors or parasites
Authors: Baleba Steve B. S. , Torto Baldwyn , Masiga Daniel , Getahun Merid N. , Weldon Christopher W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Oviposition site selection by gravid female insects is an important determinant in species distribution, abundance, and population dynamics. Females may assess the suitability of a potential oviposition substrate by using cues from conspecific or heterospecific individuals already present. Here, we assessed whether the presence of conspecific, heterospecific larvae and parasites influenced oviposition decisions by the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linneaus).

Methods and Results

Using dual and multiple-choice oviposition bioassays, we found that gravid female S. calcitrans avoided substrates with conspecific larvae, the larvae of house flies, Musca domestica (Linneaus), and the mite Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli). Avoidance of conspecific and heterospecific larvae persisted in the dark, suggesting that this behaviour is mediated by olfactory cues. When we reared S. calcitrans in the presence of conspecific larvae and the larvae of house flies at different densities we found that this negatively affected emergence time, larval weight, larval survival, pupal weight, pupal survival, and adult weight. We also demonstrated that individuals of S. calcitrans developed in the presence of mites exhibited low egg hatchability, and poor larval and adult survival.

Conclusion

Our study provides additional support for the “preference-performance” hypothesis in S. calcitrans, with gravid females preferring to lay eggs on a substrate that will enhance offspring fitness. We recommend that the olfactory cues involved in avoidance by gravid female S. calcitrans of substrates with conspecific and heterospecific larvae should be elucidated. This could lead to the discovery of repellent chemicals important for S. calcitrans management.
Long-term outcome of scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in ocular trauma patients
Authors: Zhao Han , Wang Wanpeng , Hu Zhengping , chen baihua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

To investigate the long-term outcomes and complications of scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in patients with a history of ocular trauma during primary pars plana vitrectomy or silicone oil removal.

Methods

Records of patients who underwent implantation of SFIOL during primary pars plana vitrectomy or silicone oil removal.

Results

Sixty-nine eyes of 69 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up period was 34 months (range, 6-99 months). The average patient age at the time of surgery was 44 years old (range, 4-80 years). At the end of follow-up, the preoperative mean of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.79 ± 0.86 log of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which improved 0.20 ± 0.26 logMAR postoperatively (P = 0.01). BCVA improved or remained unchanged in 64 eyes (92.8%), VA decreased two lines in five eyes (7.2%). Early postoperative complications included transient corneal edema in seven eyes (10.1%), minor vitreous hemorrhage in four eyes (6.6%), transient elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye (1.4%), and hypotony in three eyes (4.3%). Late postoperative complications included persistent elevated IOP in five eyes (7.2%), epiretinal membrane formation in three eyes (4.3%), and cystoid macular edema noted in one eye (1.4%).

Conclusion

Use of a scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation without conjunctive peritomies or sclerotomy in ocular trauma patients during either primary pars plana vitrectomy or second silicone oil removal is a valuable approach for the management of traumatic aphakia in the absence of capsular support.
Malnutrition is Common in Cerebral Palsy Children in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Clinical Observational Study
Authors: Almajwal Ali , Almuneef Abdul Rahman , Alam Iftikhar , Abulmeaty Mahmoud , Bader Bader Al , Badr Mohamed Farouq , Almuammar May , Razak Suhail 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy is the main cause of severe physical impairment and malnutrition in children. This cross-sectional study intended to survey the nutritional status of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: We examined 74 children (age: 1-10 yrs) with cerebral palsy, who attended Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City (SBAHC), Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Data on age, general demographics, nutritional status and dietary intake were collected. A child was considered underweight, wasted, stunted or thin if the standard deviation scores for his/her weight for age, weight for height, height for age and body mass index for age was ≤ -2.0 SD using WHO growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression identified the factors associated with nutritional indicators.
Results: More than half (56.4%) of the children with cerebral palsy were malnourished as they had z-score below <-2 SD in at least one of the four indicators. Thinness (50%) was the most common form of malnutrition, followed by underweight, stunting and wasting. Arm anthropometrics gave similar results on the percent number of malnourished children. Factors that were independently associated with malnutrition with an adjusted OR (aOR) were as follow: age ≤ 5 yrs (aOR: 4.29); presence of cognitive impairment (aOR: 4.13); presence of anemia (aOR: 3.41) and inadequate energy intake (aOR: 4.86) (p, for all trends <0.05).
Conclusion: Cerebral palsy children of the current study have impaired growth and nutritional status as assessed by all four common nutritional status indicators. Further large-scale community-based studies for in-depth evolution of nutritional status and growth patterns in cerebral palsy children are needed.