bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color/Transparent Bi‐Customizable Solar Antifogging Nanofilms
Authors: Zhang Wenhe , Zhang Jing , Wang Chengbing , Shi Jing , Wei Dan , Zhao Zexiang , Wang Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlmost all reported solar anti‐/defogging surfaces are black and opaque. However, aesthetics and transparency are preferred to enhance security, privacy, and visual experience without sacrificing antifogging in some practical scenarios, such as automotive windshields, architectural glass facades, and sports goggles. Herein, a color and transparency bi‐customizable solar antifogging heterostructure nanofilms is reported, which only consists of a Ti–TiOx layer for partial visible light transmission and a narrow bandgap Ti2O3 layer for broadband sunlight absorption. By precisely controlling each monolayer thickness, various vibrant structural colors (covering yellow/green/purple/blue) through interference effects, along with tunable visible light transparency (from 0% to 30%), and broadband solar absorption (up to 90%) are obtained, providing personalized options for various applications. Simultaneously, the nanofilms exhibit remarkable photothermal performance (110.3 °C under 1 kW m−2 irradiation) compared to blank samples, demonstrating sustained and superior defogging (3.5‐fold improvement) and antifogging capabilities, even in extremely cold (–20 °C) or high temperature and high humidity (50 °C, 100%) conditions. Importantly, the nanofilms are just 174 nm thick, and can be easily upgraded and scalable fabricated by sputtering on various rigid, flexible and portable substrates, such as glass, metals, textiles, plastics, enabling a wide range of direct applications.
Achieving Flat Ultra‐Broadband NIR Emission in Cr3+ Doped Garnet‐Type Phosphors Enabled by Structural Regulation Toward Multi‐Functional Spectroscopy Applications
Authors: Wang Dongpeng , Yan Liqing , Zhu Ge , Ma Song , Zhou Na , Li Shanshan , Li Zhuowei , Cong Yan , Bai Xue , Han Xiaoguang , Dong Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCr3+‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors are considered as one of the most potential light‐conversion materials for NIR phosphor converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs). However, it is still a challenge for a single Cr3+ ion to achieve a flat ultra‐broadband emission toward multi‐functional spectroscopy applications. Herein, a chemical unit co‐substituting strategy is utilized to regulate the crystallographic occupancy of Cr3+ ions, and a flat ultra‐broadband NIR emission is successfully realized with a record emission wavelength of 915 nm in garnet‐type phosphors Ca3Sc2‐xHfxAlxSi3‐xO12: yCr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0.02 ≤ y ≤ 0.06), together with a large full width at half maximum (FWHM) regulation from 130 to 250 nm. The relation between the site occupation of Cr3+ ions in disordered [CaO8], [(Sc, Hf)O6] and [(Si, Al)O4] polyhedrons and the corresponding NIR emission are clarified by carefully evaluating the structural evolution, Raman spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance and time‐resolved emission lifetime spectra of Cr3+ ions. The corresponding crystal field strength of Cr3+ ions is investigated to further clarify the multi‐sites induced flat broadband NIR emission. Finally, a blue light pumped NIR pc‐LED is fabricated with a total output power of 37.58 mW and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.67%@100 mA, which realizes the multi‐functional applications in night vision imaging, non‐destructive detection and palmprint vein recognition for assistant medical treatment.
Bribery Transfer Among Foreign‐Invested Firms in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Thao Binh Thi , Bach Thang Ngoc , Vu Ngoc Thi Bich 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBribery in international business is an important field of study, but lack of research examines which types of firms are more likely to pursue bribery transfer, or subcontracting bribery‐related transactions to the third party or intermediaries, instead of handling themselves. We conduct an empirical investigation into this issue using rich data from the PCI survey, which has been conducted annually in Vietnam during the period 2017–2020. The empirical results show that, in dealing with risks associated with bribery engagement, foreign‐invested firms in Vietnam pursue two different types of risk self‐controlling and risk transferring. Investors from OECD countries, subsidiaries of multi‐national corporations, and firms with larger bribery amount are more likely to pursue risk transferring strategy by subcontracting bribery‐related transactions to intermediaries, compared to the other firms' cohorts. Firms operating a longer time in Vietnam and bigger sized ones are more likely to follow risk self‐controlling strategy by handling bribery‐related transactions themselves. These results are robust while controlling for firms' legal status, year‐fixed effects, and, especially, nonresponse and selection biases, which are inherent in the bribery decision process. This study thus contributes greatly to international business in emerging economies where foreign‐invested firms exhibit heterogenous motives in dealing with risks associated with bribery‐related transactions.
Passively mode‐locked Tm:YAP laser with a V2AlC saturable absorber
Authors: Ma Zhaoyu , Hao Qianqian , Wang Huanli , Gao Qiong , Mi Shuyi , Li Daguang , Li Linjun , Xu Baoyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, a V2AlC‐based saturable absorber (SA) was applied to a 2 μm band passively mode‐locked (PML) laser. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the V2AlC‐based SA were detected by the I‐scan method, which were 225.05 MW/cm2 and 7.68%, respectively. In the PML mode, an average power of 2.12 W at 1939 nm and a pulse width of 1077 ps at 82.49 MHz were obtained from the Tm:YAP laser. In addition, the laser exhibited a good beam quality factor (M2) which was measured to be less than 1.2. These results will pave the way for the application of V2AlC‐based SA in ultrafast lasers.
Pathological tissue changes in brain tumors affect the pH‐sensitivity of the T1‐corrected apparent exchange dependent relaxation (AREX) of the amide protons
Authors: Steidl Eike , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Shrestha Manoj , Deichmann Ralf , Weber Katharina , Steinbach Joachim P. , Pilatus Ulrich , Hattingen Elke , Schüre Jan Rüdiger 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMeasuring the intracellular pH (pHi) is of interest for brain tumor diagnostics. Common metrics of CEST imaging like the amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) MTRasym are pHi sensitive and allow differentiating malignant tumor from healthy tissue. Yet, the image contrast also depends on additional magnetization transfer effects and T1. In contrast, the apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) provides a T1 corrected exchange rate of the amide protons. As AREX still depends on amide proton density, its pHi sensitivity remains ambiguous. Hence, we conducted this study to assess the influence of pathologic tissue changes on the pHi sensitivity of AREX in vivo. Patients with newly diagnosed intra‐axial brain tumors were prospectively recruited and underwent conventional MRI, quantitative T1 relaxometry, APT‐CEST and 31P‐MRS on a 3T MRI scanner. Tumors were segmented into contrast‐enhancing tumor (CE), surrounding T2 hyperintensity (T2‐H) and contralateral normal appearing white matter (CNAWM). T1 mapping and APT‐CEST metrics were correlated with 31P‐MRS‐derived pHi maps (Pearson's correlation). Without differentiating tissue subtypes, pHi did not only correlate significantly with MTRasym (r = 0.46) but also with T1 (r = 0.49). Conversely, AREX only correlated poorly with pHi (r = 0.17). Analyzing different tissue subtypes separately revealed a tissue dependency of the pHi sensitivity of AREX with a significant correlation (r = 0.6) in CNAWM and no correlation in T2‐H or CE (r = −0.11/−0.24). CE showed significantly increased MTRasym, pHi, and T1 compared with CNAWM (p < 0.001). In our study, the pHi sensitivity of AREX was limited to CNAWM. The lack of sensitivity in CE and T2‐H is probably attributable to altered amide and water proton concentrations in these tissues. Conversely, the correlation of pHi with MTRasym may be explained by the coincidental contrast increase through increased T1 and amide proton density. Therefore, limited structural deviations from CNAWM might be a perquisite for the use of CEST contrasts as pHi‐marker.
Changes in food valence of regular diet depending on the experience of high and low preference food
Authors: Cheng Xi , Tsuruyama Kazuto , Kida Satoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsEating disorders represent an aspect of mental illness involving failure to control eating behaviors. Food valence plays a regulatory role in eating behaviors and changes with eating experiences. Failure to control food valence may be associated with eating disorders. This study presents a newly developed behavior task—food reservation task, which assesses changes in food valence.MethodsOver three consecutive days, mice were fed a regular diet for 30 min and subsequently were offered either palatable or low‐palatable foods for 30 min.ResultsMice decreased regular diet consumption on the days that it was followed by a palatable food—sweet chocolate (SC) or cheese (CH) and increased it when it was followed by a low‐palatable food—bitter (dark) chocolate (BC). Our findings indicate that mice can change regular diet consumption by learning whether it will be followed by a palatable or low‐palatable food. This suggests that palatable food devaluated the food valence of regular diet, whereas low‐palatable food evaluated it.ConclusionWe developed a new food reservation task, which allows to assess experience‐dependent change in the food valence of a regular diet. This task will contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying those changes.
Improving the functional detection of sarcopenic obesity: prevalence and handgrip scoring in the OBESAR cohort
Authors: Pouget Mélanie , Pinel Alexandre , Miolanne Magalie , Gentes Elodie , Picard Mathilde , Martinez Ruben , Mulliez Aurélien , Guillet Christelle , Farigon Nicolas , Boirie Yves 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study objectives were: 1) to detect early signs of low muscle function and assess sarcopenic obesity (SO) prevalence in patients with obesity; and 2) to introduce a new online diagnostic tool for scoring handgrip strength (HGS), adjusted for age and sex.MethodsPatients from the OBESAR cohort (184 men and 499 women) were tested for body composition and functional testing (chair stand test or HGS based on the cutoffs from the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism [ESPEN]/European Association for the Study of Obesity [EASO] or adjusted HGS [adHGS] based on reference values), and SO prevalence was calculated accordingly.ResultsAmong the 683 patients (mean [SD], age 42.6 [12.8] years; BMI 44.4 [6.3] kg/m2), HGS averaged 25.6 (6.8) kg for women and 43.2 (10.4) kg for men. A total of 25.2% of patients had adHGS lower than the 10th percentile, but this was true for only 5.6% using ESPEN/EASO cutoffs of HGS. SO prevalence rates were different according to functional tests: 5.4%, 24.5%, and 3.2% for HGS, adHGS, and the chair stand test, respectively.ConclusionsUsing adHGS through a scoring process considering age and sex may help to detect early signs of SO in a primary care setting in order to better prevent SO through a personalized approach in adults with obesity. A free online application, “GRip And Sarcopenia Prediction” (GRASP), is proposed to diagnose probable SO.
Shortened sleep duration impairs adipose tissue adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Singh Prachi , Beyl Robbie A. , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Richard Allison J. , Boudreau Anik , Caitlin Hebert R. , Noland Robert C. , Burk David H. , Ghosh Sujoy , Staszkiewicz Jaroslaw , Michael Salbaum J. , Broussard Josiane L. , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre , Ravussin Eric , Marlatt Kara L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue lipolytic capacity and insulin signaling in response to shortened sleep duration (SSD) in postmenopausal women.MethodsAdipose tissue from a randomized crossover study of nine healthy postmenopausal women (mean [SD], age: 59 [4] years; BMI: 28.0 [2.6] kg/m2) exposed to four nights of habitual and SSD (60% of habitual sleep) while following a eucaloric diet was examined ex vivo. Tissue lipolytic capacity was determined by measurement of secreted glycerol. Cellular insulin signaling was determined by measuring insulin‐mediated changes in Akt phosphorylation. RNA sequencing examined global transcriptional changes.ResultsWith SSD, basal glycerol secretion was reduced, and isoproterenol‐stimulated lipolysis was attenuated. Insulin concentration‐dependent increases in phosphorylated Akt observed in samples after habitual sleep were abrogated after SSD. However, insulin‐mediated suppression of lipolysis remained unaltered with changes in sleep duration. Increased transcription of genes involved in adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism was observed after SSD.ConclusionsSSD blunts adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis without altering insulin‐mediated suppression of lipolysis in postmenopausal women. These changes in adipose tissue may potentiate fat gain independent of caloric intake. Therefore, interventions promoting sleep may be considered to mitigate abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women.
Effectiveness of Vidian Neurectomy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Ji‐Sun , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of vidian neurectomy (VN) or posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) combined with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Data SourcesA systematic search of six databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) was conducted to identify relevant studies up to May 2024.Review MethodsThe effects of combining VN or PNN with ESS were evaluated in comparison to ESS alone. Outcomes were assessed by evaluating changes in Lund‐Kennedy score, patient‐reported symptom scores (VAS), quality of life, as well as adverse effects and recurrence rate of CRSwNP.ResultsA total of 6 studies, comprising 407 patients, were included in the analysis. The neurectomy group showed significant improvements in Lund‐Kennedy score (SMD = 0.7276 [0.5695; 0.8857]), with statistically significant improvements maintained at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The treatment group maintained better improvements in sinusitis‐related quality of life (SMD = 0.4540 [0.1784; 0.7297]) and VAS (SMD = 0.7096 [0.4356; 0.9837]) until 12 months postoperatively, but not at 24 months. Regarding adverse effects, additional neurectomy did not significantly induce epistaxis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9806 [0.2348; 4.0960]) or dry eye (OR = 2.4194 [0.1114; 52.5255]) compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was no difference in the recurrence rate of CRSwNP between the 2 groups during the follow‐up periods.ConclusionAdditional neurectomy shows better efficacy in improving endoscopic findings and symptoms in patients with CRSwNP and appears to be a safe and effective treatment.
Influence of exfoliation method of graphene on physical properties of graphene/High Density Polyethylene nanocomposites: Semiconductor‐like electrical conductivity, glass transition, and melting temperature
Authors: Farashiani Morteza , Shidpour Reza , Rajabi Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the wide range of applications of polyethylene (PE), many efforts are being made to improve its properties with carbon allotropes such as graphene. The addition of graphene can improve the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of this polymer. Through the present study, the effects of exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (XGNPs) and few‐layer graphene (FLG) on the electrical conductivity and thermal properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. XGNPs were synthesized by ultrasonication of graphite nanoplatelets, and FLG was synthesized by shear exfoliation of flake graphite. Finally, HDPE powder particles were coated with dispersed XGNPs and FLG. Then XGNPs/HDPE nanocomposites and FLG/HDPE nanocomposites were fabricated by compression molding. The morphology, structural, electrical, and thermal properties of the graphite, graphene, PE, and nanocomposites were observed and comparatively studied by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The graphene's D, G, and 2D bands were revealed by Raman spectroscopy of nanocomposites and verified the existence of the graphene in the polymer matrix. XRD revealed that the graphene did not affect the original crystalline structure of the HDPE matrix, and the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanocomposite was obtained without the formation of any functional groups. The electrical properties of the nanocomposites were comparatively studied. After adding XGNPs (7 wt%), volumetric electrical conductivity in a sample reached from 10−16 to 10−3 S/m. The highest volumetric conductivity, 1.1 × 10−2 S/m, that is, semiconductor‐like conductivity, was achieved after adding 7 wt% of FLG. The glass transition temperatures (Tg), melting temperatures (Tm), and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and TGA, respectively, and it was concluded that Tg and Tm increase by adding the graphene. This study shows that shear exfoliation of graphene is the best and the most facile method to prepare mass‐scale graphene for the production of graphene/polyolefin nanocomposites.Highlights
Two types of graphene were produced by using sonication and shear‐exfoliation.
HDPE powders were coated with two types of graphene and then hot pressed.
The method of (G) preparation is crucialparameter on electrical conductivity.
In the sample containing 7 wt% (XGNPs), the highest conductivity is 10−3 S/m.
In the sample containing 7 wt% (FLG), the highest conductivity is 10−2 S/m.
PTB airway compression complicated by vascular abnormalities and cardiac involvement: A case series demonstrating diagnosis and management
Authors: Goussard P. , Eber E. , Janson J. , Gie A. G. , Fourie B. , Jacobs C. M. , Venkatakrishna S. S. B. , Andronikou S. , Van der Westhuizen S. , Schubert P. , Burger C. , Verster J. , Ebert L. , Deininger‐Czermak E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionLymphobronchial tuberculosis (LBTB) is a tuberculous lymphadenopathy causing airway compression in young children. While it can occur in older children due to factors such as airway size, wall weakness, and immune reconstitutions, severe airway obstruction is more common in younger children.MethodsChest X‐rays show airway compression, while bronchoscopy is the gold standard for confirming TB‐induced airway compression. Previous research has demonstrated that drug resistance and HIV have no effect on the outcome of children with significant airway compression caused by TB.ResultsThis case series describes the management and outcome of three young children who had simultaneous vascular abnormalities and airway obstruction due to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Concomitant PTB and vascular abnormalities are uncommon, even in high‐TB‐intensity areas, and affected children may present differently and require individualised treatment.ConclusionsAdvanced imaging is critical for detecting complicated cases of airway compression due to PTB in young children, as vascular abnormalities are uncommon. Fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F‐18 FDG PET/CT) may show metabolically active intracardiac lesions. Individualised management plans are required for these children, and echocardiography is critical for patients with disseminated disease.
Understanding primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Ferkol Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, inherited disease characterized by impaired motile ciliary function leading to chronic sinopulmonary disease, persistent middle ear effusions, laterality defects, and subfertility. Over fifty PCD‐associated genes have also been identified, which have provided new insights into the processes involved into ciliary assembly, structure, and function. Historically, the diagnosis of PCD was based on the presence of ultrastructural defects in the ciliary axoneme but with identification of a growing number of disease‐associated genes, genetic testing has become a first‐line diagnostic tool. Other approaches have also evolved, that have improved our diagnostic capabilities. Treatments for PCD have lagged, and though our growing understanding of the genetic and pathophysiological bases of the disease of PCD may yield to better therapeutic strategies.
PIM‐1L Kinase Binds to and Inactivates SRPK1: A Biochemical and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Lesgidou Nastazia , Koukiali Anastasia , Nikolakaki Eleni , Giannakouros Thomas , Vlassi Metaxia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSR/RS dipeptide repeats vary in both length and position, and are phosphorylated by SR protein kinases (SRPKs). PIM‐1L, the long isoform of PIM‐1 kinase, the splicing of which has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia, contains a domain that consists largely of repeating SR/RS and SH/HS dipeptides (SR/SH‐rich). In order to extend our knowledge on the specificity and cellular functions of SRPK1, here we investigate whether PIM‐1L could act as substrate of SRPK1 by a combination of biochemical and computational approaches. Our biochemical data showed that the SR/SH‐rich domain of PIM‐1L was able to associate with SRPK1, yet it could not act as a substrate but, instead, inactivated the kinase. In line with our biochemical data, molecular modeling followed by a microsecond‐scale all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation suggests that the SR/SH‐rich domain acts as a pseudo‐docking peptide that binds to the same acidic docking‐groove used in other SRPK1 interactions and induces inactive SRPK1 conformations. Comparative community network analysis of the MD trajectories, unraveled the dynamic architecture of apo SRPK1 and notable alterations of allosteric communications upon PIM‐1L peptide binding. This analysis also allowed us to identify key SRPK1 residues, including unique ones, with a pivotal role in mediating allosteric signal propagation within the kinase core. Interestingly, most of the identified amino acids correspond to cancer‐associated amino acid changes, validating our results. In total, this work provides insights not only on the details of SRPK1 inhibition by the PIM‐1L SR/SH‐domain, but also contributes to an in‐depth understanding of SRPK1 regulation.