bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large B‐cell lymphoma in the colon and mesocolon of a Thoroughbred racehorse: Detection prior to development of clinical signs using clinicopathological markers of inflammation
Authors: Hill F. I. , Kelly A. R. , Davis A. M. , Tse M. P. Y. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this report, we describe an investigation into the cause of chronic inflammation in a clinically normal 5‐year‐old racing Thoroughbred, finally confirmed to be associated with B‐cell lymphoma. Over a 14‐week period, the horse was regularly evaluated by sequential blood testing, revealing persistent inflammation of unknown origin, unresponsive to treatment. Eventually, an abdominal mass was identified by transabdominal ultrasound and rectal palpation. Surgical exploration revealed an extensive, invasive soft tissue mass in the abdomen. At post‐mortem examination, a mass involving the colon, mesocolon and mesocolonic lymph node was sampled and confirmed as a large B‐cell lymphoma by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In cases of unexplained chronic inflammation in a horse, neoplasia should be considered as a possible aetiology.
Fatigue crack initiation in AA2024: A coupled micromechanical testing and crystal plasticity study
Authors: Efthymiadis Panos , Pinna Christophe , Yates John R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new combined experimental and modelling approach has been developed in order to understand the physical mechanisms that lead to crack nucleation in a polycrystalline aluminium alloy AA2024 undergoing cyclic loading. Four‐point bending low‐cycle fatigue tests were performed inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope on specimens with a through‐thickness central hole, introduced to localize stresses and strains in a small region on the top surface of the sample. Fatigue crack initiation and small crack growth mechanisms were analyzed through high‐resolution scanning electron microscope images, local orientation measurements using electron‐back‐scattered‐diffraction, and local strain measurements using digital image correlation. A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed to simulate the cyclic deformation behaviour of AA2024. Two‐dimensional Voronoi‐based microstructures were generated, and the material parameters for the constitutive equations (including both isotropic and kinematic hardening) were identified using monotonic and fully reversed cyclic tests. A commonly used fatigue crack initiation criterion found in the literature, the maximum accumulated plastic slip, was evaluated in the crystal plasticity finite element model but could not predict the formation of cracks away from the edge of the hole in the deformed specimens. A new criterion combining 2 parameters: The maximum accumulated slip over each individual (critical) slip system and the maximum accumulated slip over all slip systems were formulated to reproduce the experimental locations of crack nucleation in the microstructure.
The CDS‐bond basis
Authors: Bai Jennie , Collin‐Dufresne Pierre 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate the cross‐sectional variation in the credit default swap (CDS)‐bond bases and test explanations for the violation of the arbitrage relation between cash bond and CDS contract, which states that the basis should be zero in normal conditions. The evidence is consistent with “limits to arbitrage” theories in that deviations are larger for bonds with higher frictions as measured by trading liquidity, funding cost, counterparty risk, and collateral quality. Surprisingly, we find the basis to be more negative when bond lending fee is higher suggesting that arbitrageurs are unwilling to engage in a negative basis trade when short interest on the bond is high.
Changes in cardiometabolic markers in children with Prader–Willi syndrome and nonsyndromic obesity following participation in a home‐based physical activity intervention
Authors: Rubin D. A. , Duran A. T. , Haqq A. M. , Gertz E. R. , Dumont‐Driscoll M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundPhysical activity is associated with improved cardiometabolic markers in children with nonsyndromic obesity (NSO). Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by obesity.ObjectiveTo compare cardiometabolic changes in response to a home‐based parent‐facilitated physical activity intervention between children with PWS or with NSO.MethodsParticipants included 18 children with PWS (age = 10.5 ± 0.7y; body fat = 44.6 ± 2.0%) and 30 children with NSO (age = 9.7 ± 0.2y; body fat = 44.8 ± 1.2%). Active Play @ Home was a 24‐week physical activity intervention curriculum containing playground‐based and active video games completed 4 days per week. Pre‐ and post‐intervention measurements included physical activity, body composition, blood samples analysed for glucose, insulin, lipids and cytokines, and insulin resistance computed using the homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR).ResultsAll children (n = 48) showed a significant decrease in Interleukin‐8 (3.64 ± 0.24 vs. 3.06 ± 0.22 pg/mL). Children with obesity who did not gain or who lost body fat percentage (n = 18) demonstrated a significant decrease in HOMA‐IR (3.17 ± 0.39 vs. 2.72 ± 0.34) and an increase in high‐density lipoprotein (44.30 ± 2.51 vs. 47.29 ± 2.59 mg/dL). All other measurements showed no significant changes.ConclusionsThe most favourable changes in cardiometabolic factors were observed in children with nonsyndromic obesity who demonstrated no gain or a decrease in body fat percentage.
Investigation of the properties of niobium pentoxide for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ücker Cátia L. , Gularte Luciano T. , Fernandes Cristian D. , Goetzke Vitor , Moreira Eduardo Ceretta , Raubach Cristiane W. , Moreira Mario L. , Cava Sergio S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis work demonstrates the obtention of Nb2O5 nanoparticles by the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis method in a fast way and with the use of low temperatures. The heat treatment applied on the samples promotes the phase change in Nb2O5 from pseudohexagonal to orthorhombic as the temperature increases, with a particle size between 7.3 and 32.6 nm. The band gap of the samples decreases with increasing temperature, obtaining a minimum value of 3.04 eV at 800°C. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were assembled using the Doctor Blade coating technique. The photovoltaic parameters of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) were evaluated. The cells showed a photovoltaic response, demonstrating that Nb2O5 has a semiconductive potential. The DSSC have different characteristics regarding Jsc and Voc, showing that according to the temperature increase in the semiconductor sample, there is a decrease in the photovoltaic parameters of the cells.
Effects of water immersion and humid weathering on the near‐surface mechanical properties of phosphate laser glass
Authors: Jiang Bo , He Hongtu , Zhang Yafeng , Yu Jiaxin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of water immersion and humid weathering on the near‐surface mechanical properties of phosphate laser (PL) glass was investigated using nanoindentation. The results indicate that, in the water immersion condition, the reduced modulus and nano‐hardness of PL glass decrease first, then increase and finally keeps unchanged with the increase in immersion duration; however, in the humid weathering condition, they decrease monotonously. The reaction mechanism occurring between water molecules and the glass network, especially during the later stage of the reaction process, determines the near‐surface mechanical properties and their differences when exposed to water and/or humid air. The results in this paper provide additional insight into the nano‐mechanics of glass surfaces, which also help understand the surface alteration process of phosphate laser glass during machining, storage, and serving in wet environments.
The rise and fall of scary numbers: The effect of perceived trends on future estimates, severity ratings, and help‐allocations in a cancer context
Authors: Erlandsson Arvid , Hohle Sigrid Møyner , Løhre Erik , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStatistical information such as death risk estimates is frequently used for illustrating the magnitude of a problem. Such mortality statistics are however easier to evaluate if presented next to an earlier estimate, as the two data points together will illustrate an upward or downward change. How are people influenced by such changes? In seven experiments, participants read mortality statistics (e.g., number of yearly deaths or expert‐estimated death risks) made at two points of time about various cancer types. Each cancer type was manipulated to have either a downward trajectory (e.g., the estimated death risk was 37% in 2012, and was adjusted downward to 22% in 2014), an upward trajectory (e.g., 7% → 22%), or a flat trajectory (e.g., 22% → 22%). For each cancer type, participants estimated future mortality statistics and rated the perceived severity. They also allocated real money between projects aimed at preventing the different cancer types. Participants’ responses indicated that they thought that a trend made out of two data points would continue in the future. People also perceived cancer types with similar present mortality statistics as more severe and allocated more money to them when they had an upward trajectory compared to a flat or downward trajectory. Although there are boundary conditions, we conclude that people's severity ratings and helping behavior can be influenced by trend information even when such information is based on only two data points.
The Action of the Hexokinase Inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose on Cryptosporidium parvum and the Discovery of Activities against the Parasite Hexokinase from Marketed Drugs
Authors: Eltahan Rana , Guo Fengguang , Zhang Haili , Zhu Guan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum is one of the major species causing mild to severe cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. We have previously observed that 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2DG) could inhibit both the enzyme activity of C. parvum hexokinase (CpHK) and the parasite growth in vitro. However, the action and fate of 2DG in C. parvum was not fully investigated. In the present study, we showed that, although 2DG could be phosphorylated by CpHK to form 2DG‐6‐phosphate (2DG6P), the anti‐cryptosporidial activity of 2DG was mainly attributed to the action of 2DG on CpHK, rather than the action of 2DG or 2DG6P on the downstream enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (CpGPI) nor 2DG6P on CpHK. These observations further supported the hypothesis that CpHK could serve as a drug target in the parasite. We also screened 1,200 small molecules consisting of marketed drugs against CpHK, from which four drugs were identified as CpHK inhibitors with micromolar level of anti‐cryptospordial activities at concentrations nontoxic to the host cells (i.e. hexachlorphene, thimerosal, alexidine dihydrochloride, and ebselen with EC50 = 0.53, 1.77, 8.1 and 165 μM, respectively). The anti‐CpHK activity of the four existing drugs provided us new reagents for studying the enzyme properties of the parasite hexokinase.
A Statewide Elder Mistreatment Virtual Assessment Program: Preliminary Data
Authors: Burnett Jason , Dyer Carmel B. , Clark Leslie E. , Halphen John M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo describe the Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment Institute Forensic Assessment Center Network (TEAM‐FACN), a novel statewide elder mistreatment (EM) virtual assessment program using low‐cost videophone technology and innovative web‐based coordination to connect an Adult Protective Services (APS) agency and its clients, rural and urban, to a centralized geriatric and EM expert medical team for virtual in‐home assessments.DesignDescriptive.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsAPS clients aged 18 and older.InterventionVirtual and in‐home assessments.MeasurementsProgram use and type of services provided.ResultsIn the first 8 months, 300 APS clients from all regions of the state were referred for assessment. Outcomes realized include a quadrupling in number of client assessments. TEAM‐FACN physicians provided an average of 2 services, which included 216 mental health assessments, with 123 conducted virtually; 42 medical assessments; 45 guardianship filings; 5 employee misconduct registry reviews; and more than 230 interdisciplinary team meetings to discuss case findings, safety plans, and medical and social interventions.ConclusionTEAM‐FACN provides an innovative and viable way to increase access of urban and rural older and adults who are being mistreated to expert geriatric and EM protective service assessments. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:151–155, 2019.
Emergency Preparedness Training for Hospital Nursing Staff, New York City, 2012–2016
Authors: Jacobs‐Wingo Jasmine L. , Schlegelmilch Jeffrey , Berliner Maegan , Airall‐Simon Gloria , Lang William 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeMany nurses are trained inadequately in emergency preparedness (EP), preventing them from effectively executing response roles during disasters, such as chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events. Nurses also indicate lacking confidence in their abilities to perform EP activities. The purpose of this article is to describe the phased development of, and delivery strategies for, a CBRNE curriculum to enhance EP among nursing professionals. The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's Earth Institute led the initiative.MethodsCurriculum development included four phases. In Phases I and II, nursing staff at 20 participating NYC hospitals conducted 7,177 surveys and participated in 20 focus groups to identify training gaps in EP. In Phase III, investigators developed and later refined the CBRNE curriculum based on gaps identified. In Phase IV, 22 nurse educators (representing 7 of the original 20 participating hospitals) completed train‐the‐trainer sessions. Of these nurse educators, three were evaluated on their ability to train other nurses using the curriculum, which investigators finalized.FindingsThe CBRNE curriculum included six modules, a just‐in‐time training, and an online annual refresher course that addressed EP gaps identified in surveys and focus groups. Among the 11 nurses who were trained by three nurse educators during a pilot training, participant knowledge of CBRNE events and response roles increased from an average of 54% (range 45%–75%) on the pre‐test to 89% (range 80%–90%) on the posttest.ConclusionsBy participating in nursing CBRNE training, nurses increased their knowledge of and preparedness to respond to disasters. The train‐the‐trainer curriculum is easily adaptable to meet the needs of other healthcare settings.Clinical RelevanceThe CBRNE curriculum can be used to train nurses to better prepare for and more effectively respond to disasters.
Empirical and subsequent use of antibacterial agents in the febrile neutropenic patient
Authors: DE PAUW B.E. , RAEMAEKERS J.M.M. , SCHATTENBERG T. , DONNELLY J.P. 
Published: September 2018

The objectives of this analysis were an assessment of the feasibility of a more individually tailored approach of empirical antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenia and an exploration of the reasons to modify the initial regimen.
Design, setting and subjects. The main source was a database on febrile neutropenic cancer patients from an unblinded large trial conducted in 35 centres world‐wide. This was supplemented by data from patients enrolled in a consecutive series of randomized trials at the Department of Haematology, University Hospital Nijmegen.
Interventions. Diagnostic procedures were standardized, types of possible infections defined and the reasons for modifying an empirical regimen were recorded.
Main outcome measures. Survival of the febrile neutropenic episode, development of microbiologically and clinically defined infection in relation to causative organisms, and results of modification. Results. Monotherapy was as effective as combination therapy with an overall mortality of ≤7%, with 21% of neutropenic episodes accompanied by a clinically defined infection proving fatal compared with only 4% of episodes without a focus. At the end of treatment the empirical regimen had been added to in 60% of cases in the multicentre trial, in contrast to 39% in our own institution, in many cases simply because of continuing fever.
Conclusion. The development of local guidelines for individually tailoring antibiotic therapy by complementing the empirical regimen is a feasible option for achieving an optimal anti‐infective strategy for febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
The identification of autoantigens in mucous membrane pemphigoid using immortalized oral mucosal keratinocytes
Authors: Kamaguchi Mayumi , Iwata Hiroaki , Miyauchi Toshinari , Ujiie Hideyuki , Ujiie Inkin , Nomura Toshifumi , Ohga Noritaka , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disorder, targeting multiple basement membrane zone (BMZ) proteins including collagen XVII (COL17). Circulating autoantibodies of MMP are often undetected due to their lower titers. The oral mucosa is a valuable substrate for the detection of autoantibodies in MMP patients. However, obtaining normal human oral mucosa is more difficult than obtaining normal human skin. We established immortalized normal human oral mucosal keratinocytes (OMKs) and performed immunoblotting using immortalized OMK lysate for detecting autoantigens in MMP.MethodsImmortalized OMKs were generated from primary OMKs using E6/E7 proteins of HPV. We compared the protein expression levels of major BMZ proteins between primary OMKs and immortalized OMKs. We performed immunoblotting to detect autoantigens using cell lysates from immortalized OMKs in 30 MMP patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences between primary OMKs and immortalized OMKs in terms of protein expression levels of the BMZ proteins, including COL17, laminin 332, integrin α6/β4, collagen VII, and collagen IV. Cell lysates of immortalized OMKs effectively identified MMP autoantigens in 60% (18/30) of MMP sera. We found an interesting case of MMP whose autoantibodies preferentially reacted to the 120‐kD protein that is an ectodomain of COL17.ConclusionWe demonstrated that a cell lysate of immortalized OMKs is a reliable substrate for the detection of MMP autoantigens. This newly developed immunoblotting analysis method promises to contribute to the diagnosis of MMP.
Effect of common storage temperatures and container types on urine protein : creatinine ratios in urine samples of proteinuric dogs
Authors: Moyle Patrick S. , Specht Andrew , Hill Richard 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPreanalytic protein adsorption to polymer and glass container surfaces may decrease urine protein concentration measurements and urine protein: creatinine ratios (UPC).Hypothesis/ObjectivesUrine stored in PC or glass containers will have lower UPC than urine stored in HP containers. The specific objective was to determine whether clinically relevant differences in UPC would be detected after storage in glass, PC, or HP containers using common storage times and temperatures.AnimalsTwelve client‐owned dogs with proteinuria.MethodsProspective, nonmasked study, divided into 2 phases. The first phase was a pilot study involving multiple (n = 5) measurements at each storage condition using 24‐hours urine samples from 2 dogs with persistent renal proteinuria of different magnitude. The second phase used urine samples from 10 dogs with proteinuria of variable magnitude. Sample aliquots were stored in HP, PC, and glass containers at 24°C for 4 hours, 4°C for 12 hours, and −20°C for 72 hours. The UPC of each was measured after storage and compared with baseline.ResultsStatistically significant but clinically irrelevant differences were found in phase 1. In phase 2, storage conditions did not affect urinary protein or creatinine concentrations or UPC.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCollection and storage of canine urine samples in clean HP, PC, or glass containers at 24°C for 4 hours, 4°C for 12 hours, or −20°C for 72 hours is unlikely to result in clinically relevant decreases in measured UPC values.
Risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes by dairy cows and calves
Authors: Bandelj Petra , Jamnikar‐Ciglenecki Urska , Ocepek Matjaz , Blagus Rok , Vengust Modest 
Published: September 2018

Background
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important foodborne pathogen affecting animals and humans. Listeriosis outbreaks in humans caused by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products are of serious concern.ObjectiveTo determine risk factors associated with fecal shedding of LM in family dairy farms.AnimalsFecal samples were collected from cows and calves on 20 family dairy farms in 2‐week intervals for a period of 1 year.MethodsLongitudinal study. LM was detected using qPCR. Univariate mixed effect model and multivariate analyses were performed to associate risk factors (dietary change, breed, mastitis, other diseases, antibiotic treatment, other treatments, heat index, and meteorological season) with fecal shedding of LM.ResultsLM was isolated from all farms on at least 1 sampling day. The average yearly prevalence was 18.2% (98/540) and 8.4% (43/511) in cows and calves, respectively. Heat index (P = .05) and meteorological season (P = .04) affected fecal shedding of LM on a farm level. Meteorological season only influenced fecal shedding of LM in cows (P = .04), whereas heat index (P = .01) influenced fecal shedding of LM in calves. Spring season was identified as the major risk factor associated fecal shedding of LM on a farm level (P = .01) and in cows (P = .01). Dietary changes were associated with lower odds for fecal shedding of LM in calves (P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFecal shedding of LM is associated with environmental temperatures and the meteorological season. Farmers and veterinarians should use this information when implementing strategies to reduce risks for LM dissemination in animals and in the community.
Randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of an enteric coated micro‐pelleted formulation of a pancreatic enzyme supplement in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Parambeth Joseph Cyrus , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPancreatic enzyme supplements for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs can be uncoated or enteric coated. Enteric coated supplements might be advantageous.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEnteric coated enzyme supplements are superior to uncoated supplements in dogs with clinical EPI.AnimalsEleven dogs with naturally occurring EPI that were apparently free from other diseases.MethodsRandomized, blinded, controlled cross‐over clinical trial comparing a novel micro‐encapsulated enteric coated enzyme supplement to a commercially available uncoated product in dogs with clinical EPI. Search of serum canine serum trypsin‐like immunoreactivity concentration ≤ 2.5 µg/L in the Gastrointestinal Laboratory database was used to identify dogs with EPI.ResultsThere was no difference −4.46% (95% CI: −7.97%‐–0.96%;P = .15) in the % acid hydrolysis fecal fat (primary outcome) between the enteric coated formulation (median: 11.8%; range 6.4%‐17.0%) and the uncoated pancreatic enzyme replacement product (median: 17.5%; range: 5.2%‐24.9%) in the 11 dogs that completed the study. Other variables did not differ between treatments.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study, which had low statistical power, did not detect a difference between formulations.