bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction: False Positive and False Negative Results
Authors: Ashburn Philip , Cooper M. Robert , McCall Charles E. , DeChatelet Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative and histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) tests were performed on leukocytes of 13 patients with polycythemia vera, seven with chronic granulocytic leukemia, eight with neoplastic disease associated with fever, 16 with bacterial infection, and 13 healthy control individuals. No significant differences were detected in the quantitative test between any of the groups studied. The histochemical NBT test was significantly higher than control in the patients with polycythemia vera and neoplasia associated with fever, as well as in those with known bacterial infection. It is suggested that patients with neoplasia or polycythemia vera may show a false positive reaction in the histochemical NBT test. Conversely, the test was significantly lower than control in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Such patients might show a false negative reaction in the test even if infection were present.
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Abnormal Membrane Lipid. II. Ion Permeability and Transport Abnormalities
Authors: Shohet Stephen B. , Nathan David G. , Livermore Barbara M. , Feig Stephen A. , Jaffé Ernst R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A familial nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with altered red cell membrane lipids has been described. The membrane lipid lesion is also accompanied by excessive cation permeability and ouabain-sensitive pumping, which is in turn associated with excessive glycolytic energy diverted to the pump. This permeability defect and its demands for glycolytic energy are thought to contribute significantly to the early demise of the red cell in this disorder.
Studies on the Uptake of Synthetic Conjugated Folates by Human Marrow Cells
Authors: Hoffbrand A. V. , Tripp Edith , Houlihan Catherine M. , Scott J. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pteroyltriglutamate shows little abiility (between 1% and 5%), compared to pteroylmonoglutamate (folic acid), to enter human marrow cells and to act as a coenzyme in intracellular DNA synthesis. This was shown by comparing the effectiveness of these two forms of the vitamin at stimulating folate-dependent pyrimidine incorporation into DNA in vitro in the bone marrow cells and lymphocytes of patients with megaloblastic anemia. It, therefore, appears that human hemopoietic cells (like Streptococcus fecalis rather than Lactobacillus casei) are unable to take up efficiently polyglutamyl forms of folate. The suggestion that polyglutamyl analogues of the antifolates might be more effective chemotherapeutic agents than corresponding monoglutamates, while biochemically possible, would appear to be precluded because of failure of transport of these compounds into human hemopoietic cells.
The Effect of Periodic Mixing on the Preservation of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Levels in Stored Blood
Authors: Wood L. A. , Beutler E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood from six donors was stored in two experimental blood preservatives, CPD-adenine-sodium ascorbate and bicarbonate-adenine-glucose-phosphate-mannitol. Control aliquots were stored in CPD-adenine and ACD-adenine preservatives. Half of each donor’s blood was stored without mixing and half was mixed vigororously 5 days each week. Glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG levels were measured at various times during storage in both the mixed and unmixed bags. Mixed bags maintained higher levels of glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG throughout storage. Frequent mixing was shown to be essential for the maintenance of 2,3-DPG with these preservatives.
Hodgkin’s Disease in Childhood
Authors: Young Robert C. , DeVita Vincent T. , Johnson Ralph E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-eight children with Hodgkin’s disease have been treated over the past 8 yr with either intensive radiotherapy or combination chemotherapy (MOPP), depending on their initial stage. The median survival of the entire group of children has not yet been reached, as 63% are still alive, but it will be in excess of 58 mo. Median survivals by stage are as follows: stage I, greater than 46 mo; stage II, greater than 46 mo; stage III, 35 mo; and stage IV, 26.7 mo. Although the numbers of children are small, these results appear significantly superior to published reports utilizing less intensive radiotherapy and single-agent chemotherapy and suggest that intensive radiotherapy for localized disease and combination chemotherapy for advanced disease may, at present, be the preferred forms of therapy for Hodgkin’s disease in childhood.
Platelet Production in Experimental Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Choi Sun I , Simone Joseph V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abnormal platelet counts have been observed in patients with iron deficiency anemia. To study this relationship, rats were made iron deficient, and platelet production was estimated by radiosulfate incorporation into platelets. With progressive iron deficiency anemia, both platelet counts and the rate of platelet production increased significantly. Platelet survival was normal. Injection of iron was followed by a fall in platelet counts and platelet production to normal levels within 72 hr, at which time stainable iron had appeared in the bone marrow. An inverse relationship between platelet counts and hematocrit was also seen. It appears that platelet homeostasis in iron deficiency anemia is influenced by the duration and severity of anemia.
Gm Allotype Preference in Erythrocyte IgG Antibodies of Patients With Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Litwin S. D. , Balaban S. , Eyster M. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
IgG antibodies were isolated from erythrocytes of five patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) and one case of hemolytic anemia of unknown etiology. All six persons were heterozygous for human IgG1 allotypes, and thus their serum immunoglobulins were Gm (a+f+). Quantitative analysis of the antibody preparations disclosed that three patients contained only the Gm(a) allotype; the remaining samples showed a predominance of Gm(a) in comparison to the Gm(f) allele. It was concluded that erythrocyte antibodies of patients with AHA are often restricted in respect to their Gm genetic characters with a preference for the Gm(a) allotype. In a second group of experiments, serums from three cases of hemolytic anemia were incubated with Rh+ erythrocytes from a healthy donor. Subsequently, the red cell IgG coat was eluted and analyzed. One sample had only Gm(a+) antibody; a second case showed Gm(a) predominance. The last antibody preparation varied from a disproportionately high Gm(a) concentration to equal allotype concentrations, depending on the antibody/antigen ratio used during the sensitization of the erythrocytes. The latter data suggested that allelic expression was influenced by the immunologic characteristics of the antibody subpopulation tested. No association could be demonstrated between the Ig allotypes and either the Rh specificity of the eluate, or the presence of complement coating on erythrocytes. These findings are similar to a previous report from this laboratory that noted a preference for the Gm(a) allotype in many isoantibodies with Rh specificity. The data suggest an association between certain erythrocyte antibodies and Ig allotypes.
Methyldopa: Physicochemical Characterization of the Erythrocyte Autoantibody
Authors: Wenz Barry , Lalezari Parviz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A modification of the Polybrene technique for red blood cell antibody characterization has been employed to differentiate the panhemagglutinins arising during methyldopa administration from those accompanying other disease states. Dissociation characteristics of methyldopa-associated antigen-antibody complexes were determined by temperature gradient dissociation technique. Data obtained by this technique for cell-bound antibody were found to distinguish this antibody from those accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Pronestyl therapy. Graphic data derived from temperature gradient dissociation curves at varying antibody concentrations were obtained for the methyldopa-induced serum antibodies. Results obtained with samples from all six patients were found to be relatively uniform in relation to each other, and different from similarly derived results for red cell antibodies accompanying idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Hodgkin’s disease. By means of these procedures, as well as standard blood banking techniques, distinguishing features are described that permit in vitro segregation of these distinct groups of red cell autoantibodies.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura— Coagulation Parameters in Twelve Patients
Authors: Jaffe Eric A. , Nachman Ralph L. , Merskey Clarence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twelve patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura have been studied with emphasis on the changes in blood coagulation and the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). No coagulation abnormalities were found in six patients. Minimal abnormalities were present in three patients and major abnormalities compatible with DIC were present in three patients. There was little temporal relationship between the coagulation abnormalities and the clinical pathological course except for the extent of hemolysis. In addition, heparin administration in four patients had no effect on the course of the disease. Intravascular coagulation does not appear to be a primary factor in the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the changes suggestive of DIC, when present, may well result from, rather than cause, the hemolytic anemia.
The Effect of Cold on Platelets. III. Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism After Brief Storage at Cold Temperature
Authors: Kattlove Herman E. , Mormino Dorothy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of cold on platelet adenine nucleotide (PAN) metabolism was studied. Spontaneous aggregation which occurs when chilled platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is simultaneously warmed and stirred was not accompanied by the changes in adenine nucleotides associated with the release reaction. Connective tissue caused the release of the same amount of ADP and conversion of equal amounts of ATP to IMP and hypoxanthine in cold-stored platelets as it did in room temperature stored platelets. However, cold did have an important effect on PAN. In PRP stored at cold (0° C, 3° C) temperatures and warmed up to 37° C in the presence of 3H adenine, there was an increase in the conversion of adenine to its metabolites and ultimately to hypoxanthine as compared to PRP stored at warmer temperatures. This effect could not be prevented by ouabain, prostaglandin E1, antibody to immunoglobulin M or adenosine.
Effect of Platelets Stored at 22° C for 24 Hours in Patients With Acute Leukemia
Authors: Vallejos C. S. , Freireich E. J. , Brittin G. M. , de Jongh D. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have compared the ability of transfused platelets that were fresh or stored for 24 hr at room temperature (22° C) to increase the platelet counts of thrombocytopenic patients with acute leukemia. Increments in the recipients’ platelet counts after transfusion of stored platelets were substantially smaller and shorter-lived than those given by fresh platelets. This was the case even in patients who responded consistently to fresh platelets.
Pokeweed Mitogen Response of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Fine Structural Study
Authors: Cohnen Georg , Douglas Steven D. , König Erika , Brittinger Günter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro response of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was diminished and/or delayed. Electron microscopy of PWM stimulated CLL lymphocytes revealed both PHA-type blast cells and plasmacytoid cells. Some PHA-type blast cells were indistinguishable from corresponding normal cells. However, many transformed cells had a reduced cell, cytoplasmic, and nuclear area in comparison to transformed lymphocytes from normal individuals. In 7- and 9-day cultures, 5-10% of the cells present were plasmacytoid. No ultrastructural differences were observed between the plasmacytoid cells in PWM stimulated cultures of normal and CLL lymphocytes. The findings support the concept that the circulating lymphocyte population in CLL is comprised predominantly of abnormal cells, in addition to a small number of normal T and B lymphocytes.
Properties of the Platelet Retention (von Willebrand) Factor and Its Similarity to the Antihemophilic Factor (AHF)
Authors: Weiss Harvey J. , Rogers John , Brand Harvey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Owing to printers’ errors, the following errata appeared in the June 1973 issue of Blood (Vol. 41, No. 6).
"Properties of the Platelet Retention (von Willebrand) Factor and Its Similarity to the Antihemophilic Factor (AHF)" by Harvey J. Weiss, John Rogers, and Harvey Brand (pp. 809-815).
On page 811, Table 1, the second and third lines from the bottom were reversed. "37°C, 2 hr" should go with "25% platelet retention;" "4°C, 18 hr" should go with "88% platelet retention."
Hematopoiesis Versus Osteogenesis in Ectopic Bone Marrow Transplants
Authors: Meck R. A. , Haley J. E. , Brecher G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dispersed and intact marrow fragments have been implanted in the omentum and subcutaneous fat of irradiated and nonirradiated hosts. Osteogenesis and hemopoiesis in varying proportions were observed at 10 and 35 days. The subcutaneous site favored osteogenesis, the omental site and host irradiation prior to transplant resulted in predominance of hemopoiesis. In dispersed and recompacted marrow grafts, only hemopoiesis developed. Differentiation was predominantly granulocytic. Osteogenesis is not an obligatory prerequisite of hemopoiesis in extramedullary sites.
Globin Messenger RNA in Hemoglobin H Disease
Authors: Benz Edward J. , Swerdlow Paul S. , Forget Bernard G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Functional messenger RNA (mRNA) for human globin synthesis was isolated from reticulocytes of each of two patients with hemoglobin H disease. The RNA was tested for its capacity to direct globin synthesis in a messenger RNA-dependent cell-free system derived from Krebs Type II mouse ascites tumor cells. In each case, hemoglobin H disease mRNA directed the synthesis of a great excess of β-globin chains relative to α-globin chains of hemoglobin A. The β/α synthetic ratios obtained in the cell-free system at saturating concentrations of mRNA were >22 and >15, respectively, for the two hemoglobin H disease mRNA preparations, whereas the β/α synthetic ratios obtained by incubation of intact reticulocytes from these same patients were 2.6 and 2.8, respectively. The β/α synthetic ratio obtained in the cell-free system did not vary when lower concentrations of hemoglobin H disease mRNA were used. A marked decrease in the amount of functional α-globin-chain mRNA relative to β-chain mRNA is therefore associated with the decreased α-chain synthesis observed in hemoglobin H disease. This decrease in α-chain-specific mRNA activity is greater than expected from the β/α synthetic ratio of intact reticulocytes in hemoglobin H disease.
Abnormalities of Megakaryocytes in Sl/Sld Mice
Authors: Ebbe Shirley , Phalen Elizabeth , Stohlman Frederick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis was evaluated in Sl/Sld mice and their heterozygous and homozygous normal (+/+) littermates. Sl/Sld mice had a normal concentration of blood platelets which were of normal size. Numbers of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen were reduced, but individual megakaryocytes were larger than normal.
Failure of Combined Factor VIII and Cyclophosphamide to Suppress Antibody to Factor VIII in Hemophilia
Authors: Hruby Marilyn A. , Schulman Irving 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with hemophilia A and antifactor VIII antibodies were treated with infusions of factor VIII concentrates and intravenous cyclophosphamide in an attempt to suppress the antibody response. Factor VIII levels of 23% and 95% were achieved immediately postinfusion, and prompt control of bleeding ensued. Sequential antibody titers demonstrated no change in antibody response in either patient when compared to previous studies following factor VIII infusion alone. These results are in contrast to the previously reported suppression of factor VIII antibody in a nonhemophilic patient using an identical regimen.
Factors That Influence the Appearance of Central Nervous System Leukemia
Authors: Pavlovsky Santiago , Eppinger-Helft Mariana , Muriel Federico Sackmann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At present, central nervous system (CNS) leukemia is one of the principal causes for termination of complete remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The factors which influence the increase of CNS infiltration have been studied comparing different parameters (age, initial peripheral WBC count, type of leukemia, and presence or absence of initial organomegaly) to determine the leukemia population with highest risk of developing this syndrome. A total of 127 cases of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (98 children and 29 adults) and 101 acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) (41 children and 60 adults), on the same treatment protocol from 1967 to 1970, were included in this study. The median survival and the rate of incidence of symptomatic CNS leukemia was 18 mo and 32% in ALL and 4 mo and 7% in AML. The incidence of CNS leukemia per month of survival was similar in both groups: 4 mo, 3% in AML and 4% in ALL, at 8 mo, 13% in both ALL and AML. The incidence of CNS leukemia was higher in children with ALL than in adults: 41% in children and 19% in adults at 20-mo survival. Organomegaly (spleen, liver and/or lymph nodes) as an early manifestation increased the risk of CNS involvement. The CNS infiltration was significantly greater in patients with high initial peripheral WBC count. The incidence of meningeal leukemia did not differ in ALL and AML. In conclusion, CNS leukemia infiltration was more frequent in children with initial organomegaly and high WBC count at the time of diagnosis.
A Simple Method for Freezing Human Platelets Using 6% Dimethylsulfoxide and Storage at -80°C
Authors: Valeri C. R. , Feingold H. , Marchionni L. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human platelets were preserved by freezing them with 6% DMSO in a mechanical refrigerator maintained at -80° C. The selection of 6% DMSO was arbitrary. After postthaw washing, the 51Cr recovery in vivo was about 45%, the in vitro recovery was about 75%, and the lifespan was about 8.5 days. The mean residual DMSO of 165 mg produced no adverse side effects. The number of platelets in the circulation 2 hr after the infusion of washed freeze-preserved platelets was about half that found with fresh platelets. The prolonged bleeding time induced by aspirin administration to healthy volunteers was corrected within 24 hr of transfusion of a single unit of previously frozen washed platelets; in nine of 12 studies a 50% reduction in the bleeding time occurred within 2 hr of infusion. We do not know though whether washed freeze-preserved platelets will be as effective in correcting the bleeding diathesis in thrombocytopenic patients.
Oxygen Transport by the Red Cell: Effects of Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Miller Marilyn E. , Zaroulis Charles G. , Valeri C. Robert , Stohlman Frederick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ten patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease were studied in order to determine the acute effects of hemodialysis on the metabolic function of the erythrocyte in anemic uremic patients. Prior to hemodialysis there was a mean red cell mass deficit of 148 g Hb/sq m. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen was decreased, and this was associated with an increase in intraerythrocytic levels of 2,3-DPG and ATP. The plasma phosphorus levels were also increased in the predialysis period. Following 5-6 hr of hemodialysis the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and the intraerythrocytic levels of 2,3-DPG were unchanged from the predialysis values despite a significant reduction in plasma phosphorus levels and a significant increase in both whole blood and intraerythrocytic pH.
From these data we conclude that the maintenance of the red cell’s decreased oxygen affinity resulted from the increase in intraerythrocytic pH which maintained the intraerythrocytic levels of 2,3-DPG despite a reduction in plasma phosphorus. The reduction in plasma phosphorus was primarily reflected in a decrease in red cell ATP.
Factor XIII Deficiency: A Genetic Study of Two Affected Kindreds in Finland
Authors: McDonagh Jan , McDonagh R. P. , Myllylä G. , Ikkala E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Factor XIII deficiency is a congenital defect of the blood coagulation system. Activated factor XIII is the fibrin cross-linking enzyme that catalyzes the formation of N6-γ-glutamyllysyl bonds in fibrin. Congenital deficiency of factor XIII has been described in approximately 65 separate families. It is apparent that this is a hereditary trait, but the mode of inheritance is unclear. In this study two unrelated Finnish families with factor XIII deficiency were investigated in order to determine the pattern of inheritance. One family had only affected male members, and in the other both males and females were affected. Plasma factor XIII levels were measured by the fluorescent amine incorporation assay, which has been found to be sensitive to the detection of heterozygotes. In both families it was found that the parents of the affected children were indeed heterozygous for factor XIII, and as far as could be determined in the pedigrees each heterozygote had at least one heterozygous parent. This study indicates that in these two families the mechanism of inheritance of factor XIII deficiency is autosomal recessive. Comparison of these families with others reported in the literature suggests that an autosomal recessive pattern is the general mode of inheritance in factor XIII deficiency.
Effect of Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol on the In Vitro Colony-forming Cell
Authors: Ratzan R. Judith , Moore Malcolm A. S. , Yunis Adel A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of chloramphenicol and a chloramphenicol analog, thiamphenicol, on the growth of bone marrow colony-forming cells in agar was investigated. At concentrations within therapeutic range, both drugs cause a marked reduction in the number of colonies and in the size of aggregates, indicating suppressed cellular proliferation. The inhibition appears to be reversible within a 24-hr period of cell-drug contact. In addition to their effect on CFC proliferation, CAP and TAP appear to influence the type of CFC differentiation resulting in predominance of macrophage colonies.
Differences in Inducing Activity for Human Bone Marrow Colonies in Normal Serum and Serum From Patients With Leukemia
Authors: Mintz Un , Sachs Leo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the article: "Difference in inducing activity for human bone marrow colonies in normal serum and serum from patients with leukemia," by Mintz and Sachs (Blood: 42, No. 3, September 1973, p. 331-339), on page 331, first paragraph of the text, line 7, it should be 15-18 instead of 15-19. The last reference number in this paragraph should be 19 instead of 23. Also, on page 337, line 4 of the first paragraph of the Discussion, the reference number should be 19 instead of 23.