bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first oil exploration campaign in the UK, 1918–22
Authors: Corfield Stephen M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The story of UK onshore exploration goes back to the days of World War I and was prompted by the increasing use of oil for the war effort. The war was drawing to a close as the campaign commenced in 1918. The UK government sponsored the drilling with a budget of £1 000 000 and the work was undertaken by S. Pearson & Sons, a UK engineering company owned by Lord Cowdray (Weetman Pearson). Pearson also had oil interests and he owned the Mexican Eagle Company that had had exploration success in Mexico. Pearson hired a team of American geologists to select suitable drilling locations in the UK. The Carboniferous rocks in the area surrounding the Derbyshire Dome in England and the Midland Valley in Scotland were chosen because of their similarity to the oil-producing areas of Pennsylvania and West Virginia in the USA. Eleven wells were sunk: seven in Derbyshire, two in North Staffordshire and two in Scotland. The first well to be spudded was at Hardstoft in Derbyshire in October 1918 and it was also the first oil discovery. The geological reasoning behind the selection of the drilling sites will be compared with the actual results from 1918–22.
ERK Mutations and Amplification Confer Resistance to ERK-Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Jaiswal Bijay S. , Durinck Steffen , Stawiski Eric W. , Yin Jianping , Wang Weiru , Lin Eva , Moffat John , Martin Scott E. , Modrusan Zora , Seshagiri Somasekar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: MAPK pathway inhibitors targeting BRAF and MEK have shown clinical efficacy in patients with RAF- and/or RAS-mutated tumors. However, acquired resistance to these agents has been an impediment to improved long-term survival in the clinic. In such cases, targeting ERK downstream of BRAF/MEK has been proposed as a potential strategy for overcoming acquired resistance. Preclinical studies suggest that ERK inhibitors are effective at inhibiting BRAF/RAS-mutated tumor growth and overcome BRAF or/and MEK inhibitor resistance. However, as observed with other MAPK pathway inhibitors, treatment with ERK inhibitors is likely to cause resistance in the clinic. Here, we aimed to model the mechanism of resistance to ERK inhibitors.
Experimental Design: We tested five structurally different ATP-competitive ERK inhibitors representing three different scaffolds on BRAF/RAS-mutant cancer cell lines of different tissue types to generate resistant lines. We have used in vitro modeling, structural biology, and genomic analysis to understand the development of resistance to ERK inhibitors and the mechanisms leading to it.
Results: We have identified mutations in ERK1/2, amplification and overexpression of ERK2, and overexpression of EGFR/ERBB2 as mechanisms of acquired resistance. Structural analysis of ERK showed that specific compounds that induced on-target ERK mutations were impaired in their ability to bind mutant ERK. We show that in addition to MEK inhibitors, ERBB receptor and PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors are effective in overcoming ERK-inhibitor resistance.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that combination therapy with MEK or ERBB receptor or PI3K/mTOR and ERK inhibitors may be an effective strategy for managing the emergence of resistance in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 4044–55. ©2018 AACR.
Novel Regulation of Integrin Trafficking by Rab11-FIP5 in Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Das Lipsa , Gard Jaime M.C. , Prekeris Rytis , Nagle Raymond B. , Morrissey Colm , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Miranti Cindy K. , Cress Anne E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The laminin-binding integrins, α3β1 and α6β1, are needed for tumor metastasis and their surface expression is regulated by endocytic recycling. β1 integrins share the Rab11 recycling machinery, but the trafficking of α3β1 and α6β1 are distinct by an unknown mechanism. Using a mouse PDX tumor model containing human metastatic prostate cancer, Rab11 family interacting protein 5 (Rab11-FIP5) was identified as a lead candidate for α6β1 trafficking. Rab11-FIP5 and its membrane-binding domain were required for α6β1 recycling, without affecting the other laminin-binding integrin (i.e., α3β1) or unrelated membrane receptors like CD44, transferrin receptor, or E-cadherin. Depletion of Rab11-FIP5 resulted in the intracellular accumulation of α6β1 in the Rab11 recycling compartment, loss of cell migration on laminin, and an unexpected loss of α6β1 recycling in cell–cell locations. Taken together, these data demonstrate that α6β1 is distinct from α3β1 via Rab11-FIP5 recycling and recycles in an unexpected cell–cell location.
Implications: Rab11-FIP5–dependent α6β1 integrin recycling may be selectively targeted to limit migration of prostate cancer cells into laminin-rich tissues. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1319–31. ©2018 AACR.
“The Language of the Eyes”: Speech Acts and the Gaze in a Monologue by Badīʿah Maṣābnī
Authors: Hammond Marlé 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The script of a short film from 1932 by the cabaret star Badīʿah Maṣābnī features the voice of a woman holding forth on the subject of women’s eyes and the effects they have on male onlookers. The characteristics of the text, a monologue entitled “Lughat al-ʿuyūn,” or “The Language of the Eyes,” are analysed in the light of speech act theory, with a view toward understanding the dynamics of gender and subjective agency that permeate it. Special attention is paid to the gaze, both the gaze emanating from the depicted women’s eyes and the gaze of the presumably male spectator. Structures of gender and agency as they apply to eyes in the film script are then compared to formulations of the beloved’s eyes in the classical Arabic poetic tradition, as well as to depictions of eyes in a contemporary colloquial poem by Bayram al-Tūnisī. The comparisons reveal the relatively subversive nature of the film. The piece concludes with reflections on the film’s feminist impulse.
Orientalism and World Literature: A Re-reading of Cosmopolitanism in Ṭāhā Ḥusayn’s Literary World
Authors: Ouyang Wen-chin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Pierre Cachia’s masterful literary biography of Ṭāhā Ḥusayn (1956) identified cultural exchange and particularly translation as the catalyst for the Egyptian cultural and literary renaissance epitomized in the person of Ṭāhā Ḥusayn (1889-1973). This paper takes Cachia as a point of departure and pursues an understanding of Ṭāhā Ḥusayn within the framework of world literature and locates his vision of Egyptian modernity and national identity in the circulation of ideas, concepts, bodies of knowledge and worldviews in the Mediterranean world. It focuses on the role of Orientalism and European Classicism in the cosmopolitanism underpinning his program of cultural and educational reform, and interrogates the conceptual category of “nation,” narratives of Nahḍah, and theories of world literature.
Abū Zayd al-Hilālī: Trickster, Womanizer, Warrior, Shaykh
Authors: Reynolds Dwight F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sīrat Banī Hilāl (the Epic of the Banī Hilāl) is rooted in the 10th-century invasion of North Africa by the Banī Hilāl Bedouin tribe after they left their homeland of the Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. Told in a combination of poetry and prose similar to the style of other epic tales such as that of ‘Antar, Sayf ibn Dhī Yazin, and Dhāt al-Himmah, Sīrat Banī Hilāl is nevertheless unique in that it is the only one of the folk epics traditionally to be performed in sung verse to the accompaniment of musical instruments (rather than spoken or read aloud). It is also distinctive for being a tale that recounts the elaborate interactions among a constellation of main figures rather than being primarily about the exploits of a single hero. Among these central characters, however, one in particular deserves notice for his psychological complexity—Abū Zayd al-Hilālī, the black hero of the Banī Hilāl tribe. Abū Zayd, it is argued here, combines many of the features of the ‘classic hero’ as delineated by Otto Rank, Lord Raglan, and Joseph Campbell, as well as characteristics of the Trickster figures studied by Carl Jung, Paul Radin, M.C. Lyons, and others. He is at times the chivalrous hero, a model of manly virtues, but also capable of cunning and deceptive behavior that borders on the dishonorable, and in a few infamous scenes he kills innocent people and tells outright lies to cover his tracks, leaving modern audiences baffled and conflicted. At the same time, however, for reasons spelled out in this essay, Abū Zayd is the character with whom modern Egyptian audiences most clearly identify: a black hero denigrated for his skin color, capable of great deeds of heroism, chivalry, and religious devotion, as well as acts of an intensely transgressive nature.
Interpretation of Article VIII, Section 29 of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN
Authors: Okada Yohei 
Published: May 2018

In 2013, a suit was lodged before the US District Court in NY, invoking UN responsibility for the outbreak of cholera in Haiti. The outbreak is a tragedy not only because of its catastrophic consequences but because it was caused by the UN peacekeeping operation. To date, however, the merits of the claims have never been examined due to UN immunity. While the
UN Charter provides for this immunity in an equivocal manner, the specification by the
CPIUN
allows for a straightforward determination of its content and scope. In contrast, section 29 of the
CPIUN
, which stipulates the UN’s obligation to provide alternative means for dispute settlement as a counterpart of its immunity, is an interpretative puzzle. Due to discrepancies over the interpretation of the provision, the Haiti cholera case has resulted in a stalemate. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to clarify the content and scope of the obligation.
Evaluation of the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on performance and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm
Authors: Raveh Eitan , Friedman Jason , Portnoy Sigal 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on the performance time and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm. Design: A repeated-measures design with a counterbalanced order of two conditions. Setting: Laboratory setting. Subjects: Transradial amputees using a myoelectric prosthesis with normal or corrected eyesight ( N = 12, median age = 65 ± 13 years). Exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic problems. Interventions: Subjects performed grasping tasks with their prosthesis, while controlling a virtual car on a road with their intact hand. The dual task was performed twice: with and without vibrotactile feedback. Main measures: Performance time of each of the grasping tasks and gaze behavior, measured by the number of times the subjects shifted their gaze toward their hand, the relative time they applied their attention to the screen, and percentage of error in the secondary task. Results: The mean performance time was significantly shorter ( P = 0.024) when using vibrotactile feedback (93.2 ± 9.6 seconds) compared with the performance time measured when vibrotactile feedback was not available (107.8 ± 20.3 seconds). No significant differences were found between the two conditions in the number of times the gaze shifted from the screen to the hand, in the time the subjects applied their attention to the screen, and in the time the virtual car was off-road, as a percentage of the total game time (51.4 ± 15.7 and 50.2 ± 19.5, respectively). Conclusion: Adding vibrotactile feedback improved performance time during grasping in a dual-task paradigm. Prosthesis users may use vibrotactile feedback to perform better during daily tasks, when multiple cognitive demands are present.
Hand-Use-at-Home Questionnaire: validity and reliability in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: van der Holst Menno , Geerdink Yvonne , Aarts Pauline , Steenbeek Duco , Pondaag Willem , Nelissen Rob GHH , Geurts Alexander CH , Vliet Vlieland Thea PM 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To investigate construct validity and test–retest reliability of the parent-rated Hand-Use-at-Home questionnaire (HUH) in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy. Design and subjects: For this cross-sectional study, children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy, aged 3–10 years, were eligible. Main measures: The HUH, Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument Upper Extremity Scale (neonatal brachial plexus palsy only), and Children’s Hand-Use Experience Questionnaire (unilateral cerebral palsy only) were completed. The HUH was completed twice in subgroups of both diagnoses. Lesion-extent (indication of involved nerve rootlets in neonatal brachial plexus palsy as confirmed during clinical observation and/or nerve surgery) and Manual Ability Classification System levels (unilateral cerebral palsy) were obtained from the medical records. Spearman correlation coefficients between the HUH and all clinical variables, agreement, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and intra-class correlation were calculated. Results: A total of 260 patients participated (neonatal brachial plexus palsy: 181), of which 56 completed the second HUH (neonatal brachial plexus palsy: 16). Median age was 6.9 years for children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy, 116 had C5-C6 lesions. Median age for children with unilateral cerebral palsy was 6.4 years, 33 had Manual Ability Classification System Level II. The HUH correlated moderately with lesion-extent ( rs =−0.5), Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument Upper Extremity Scale ( rs = 0.6) and Children’s Hand-Use Experience Questionnaire ( rs = 0.5) but weakly with Manual Ability Classification System levels ( rs = −0.4). Test–retest reliability was excellent (intra-class correlation2,1 = 0.89, standard error of measurement = 0.599 and smallest detectable change = 1.66 logits) and agreement was good (mean difference HUH1 − HUH2 = 0.06 logits). Conclusion: The HUH showed good construct validity and test–retest reliability in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy.
Osteonectin as a screening marker for pancreatic cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Papapanagiotou Angeliki , Sgourakis George , Karkoulias Kyriakos , Raptis Dimitris , Parkin Edward , Brotzakis Pantelis , Panchal Sanjay , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: May 2018

Objective Osteonectin plays a central role in various processes during the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This prospective pilot study was performed to determine the feasibility of serum osteonectin as a screening tool for pancreatic cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 15 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer and 30 matched healthy controls. Serum osteonectin was measured using an osteonectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The primary outcomes were the diagnostic performance of serum osteonectin and the threshold value for differentiation of patients from controls. Results The median/quartile range of serum osteonectin in patients and controls were 306.8/288.5 ng/mL and 67.5/39.8 ng/mL, respectively. Osteonectin concentrations significantly differed among the study groups. A plasma osteonectin concentration of >100.18 ng/mL as selected by the receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated an estimated area under the curve of 86% for prediction of pancreatic cancer. Tumour size was a significant predictor of serum osteonectin. A statistically significant difference in serum osteonectin between T1/T2 and T3/T4 tumours was found. Post-hoc comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in the serum osteonectin among the control, T1/T2, and T3/T4 groups. Conclusion Osteonectin may be used as a screening tool for pancreatic cancer, although this must be validated in prospective studies.
MRI prevalence and characteristics of supraacetabular fossae in patients with hip pain
Authors: Boutris Nickolas , Gardner Stephanie L , Yetter Thomas R , Delgado Domenica A , Pulido Luis , Harris Joshua D 
Published: May 2018

Background: Supraacetabular fossae (SAF) are normal anatomic variants found at the 12 o’clock position of the acetabulum and can be mistaken for osteochondral defects. Purpose: Determine SAF prevalence on MRI of patients with hip pain. Characterise SAF by type, size, and location. Determine sensitivity of radiology reports and sensitivity of radiographs in SAF detection. Methods: MRIs performed over 1 year in patients with hip/groin pain were analysed for SAF. Measurements of SAF in the coronal and sagittal planes and location using clockface notation were recorded. Radiology reports were reviewed to determine if SAF were identified and radiographs were assessed for presence of SAF. Mean characteristics of type 1 and 2 SAF were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: 214 hips (mean age 35.9 ± 14.2 years; 66.8% female) were analysed. Twenty-seven hips (12.6%) had SAF. There were five type 1 SAF (mean age 16.8 ± 2.2 years) and 23 type 2 SAF (mean age 33.0 ± 16.3 years). Mean dimensions of type 1 and 2 SAF (coronal width × sagittal width × depth, in millimetres) were 7.1 × 6.5 × 3.4 and 6.1 × 5.9 × 2.8, respectively. Mean clockwise location in the coronal and sagittal planes (in minutes) was 1236 and 1212 for type 1 SAF and 1213 and 1207 for type 2 SAF. Radiology reports identified 7.1% of SAF identified on MRI. Plain radiographs demonstrated 67.9% of SAF identified on MRI. Conclusion: This study found a 12.6% prevalence of SAF in hips. Radiology reports had a 7.1% sensitivity in correctly identifying SAF on MRI. IRB: Pro00016584
Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery in Iceland: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Palsdottir E. P. , Lund S. H. L. , Asgeirsson K. S. A. 
Published: May 2018

Background and Aims: In Iceland, oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery has been performed since 2008. The aim of this population-based study was to assess and compare the efficacy and patient satisfaction of standard breast-conservation surgery with oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery. Materials and methods: This is a population-based, retrospective, observational cohort study on all women undergoing breast-conservation surgery in Iceland from the 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014. A multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were performed to assess differences in outcomes and a patient satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess certain patient-related outcome measures. Results and conclusion: A total of 750 women underwent breast-conserving surgery, 665 had standard breast-conservation surgery and 85 oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery. Oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery was associated with a significantly larger mean size (2.4 cm vs 1.7 cm, p < 0.001) and weight (181.8 g vs 63.4 g, p < 0.001) of breast specimen excised when compared to standard breast-conservation surgery. After correcting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in surgical margin involvement (odds ratio = 0.97, confidence interval = 0.44–1.97), frequency of complications (odds ratio = 1.06, confidence interval = 0.46–2.18), frequency of reoperations (odds ratio = 0.98; confidence interval = 0.50–1.81), or time to first adjuvant therapy (–0.23 days for oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery, p = 0.95). Patient satisfaction was high in both groups, although not statistically different (96% in oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery group vs 89% in the standard breast-conservation surgery group, p = 0.84). Our results show that oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery is at least as safe as standard breast-conservation surgery in selected cases and may be preferable in ductal carcinoma in situ.
Fluid Extravasation in Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Memon Muzammil , Kay Jeffrey , Gholami Arian , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder joint has become increasingly more common given its advantages over open surgery; however, one rare but potentially life-threatening complication is fluid extravasation into the surrounding tissues, causing edema, respiratory compromise, abnormal results on laboratory blood tests, and possibly death. Currently, no systematic review exists that summarizes the existing clinical research on this topic. Purpose: To perform a systematic review on fluid extravasation as a complication of shoulder arthroscopic surgery, specifically assessing clinical presentation, risk factors, management, and outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Two reviewers independently searched 3 databases (PubMed, Ovid [MEDLINE], and Embase) from database inception until July 1, 2017. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist. The results are presented in a narrative summary fashion using descriptive statistics including ranges and agreement statistics. Results: A total of 26 studies (20 case reports, 4 case series, and 2 prospective comparative studies) encompassing 205 patients (mean age, 50.8 years [range, 15-83 years]) were included. The most common signs of fluid extravasation included chest wall swelling (n = 86) and neck swelling (n = 116). In 32 patients, observation alone was sufficient. Other patients required airway intubation (n = 16), diuretics (n = 7), steroids (n = 1), and percutaneous drainage of fluid (n = 1). Clinical edema resolved after 2 to 48 hours, and patients were discharged 1 to 20 days postoperatively. Serious complications included transfer to the intensive care unit (n = 14), anterior interosseous nerve palsy (n = 4), rhabdomyolysis (n = 1), and death (n = 1). Conclusion: Fluid extravasation has the potential to be a life-threatening complication of shoulder arthroscopic surgery; however, it is most commonly managed nonoperatively, and symptoms typically resolve with no evidence of long-term complications. Intraoperative surgical decisions, such as minimizing the surgical time and volume of irrigation fluid used, may limit fluid extravasation, while careful intraoperative monitoring may facilitate prompt diagnosis and management to optimize patient outcomes.