bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, GTP recognition mechanism and tissue-specific expression profiling of myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) after Poly I:C induction
Authors: Das Basanta Kumar , Roy Pragyan , Rout Ajaya Kumar , Sahoo Deepak Ranjan , Panda Soumya Prasad , Pattanaik Sushmita , Dehury Budheswar , Behera Bijay Kumar , Mishra Sudhansu Sekhar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins belong to interferon-induced dynamin GTPase and play pivotal role in the inhibition of replication of numerous viruses. These antiviral proteins are released in usual or diseased condition to prevent the viral attack and to carry regular cellular activities like endocytosis and trafficking of nucleoproteins into the nucleus. The invasion of virus up-regulates the expression of Mx transcripts and double-stranded RNA mimic like polyinosinic polycytidyilic acid (Poly I:C). To understand the tissue-specific expression profiling and mechanism of GTP recognition of Mx protein from Labeo rohita (rohu), the full-length gene was cloned, sequenced and characterized through various Bioinformatics tools for the first time. The Mx cDNA was comprised of 2297 bp, and the open reading frame of 1938 bp encodes polypeptide of 631 amino acids. The coding sequence of Mx protein possess the signature motif of dynamin superfamily, LPRG(S/K)GIVTR, the tripartite guanosine-5/triphosphate (GTP)-binding motif (GXXXSGKS/T, DXXG and T/NKXD) and the leucine zipper motifs at the C-terminal end, well conserved in all interferon-induced Mx protein in vertebrates. Western blotting confirmed the molecular weight of Mx protein to be 72 kDa. After the intraperitoneal challenge of L. rohita with a Poly I:C, up-regulation of Mx protein was observed in brain, spleen, liver, kidney, intestine, heart, muscle, and gill. Ontogeny study displayed pronounced expression of Mx protein in all stages of the developmental of Rohu after Poly I:C induction. However a persistent expression of Mx transcript was also observed in Rohu egg as well as milt without induction with Poly I:C. Higher expression of Mx gene was observed on 96 h where it was 6.4 folds higher than the control. The computational modelling of Mx protein portrayed the tripartite N-terminal G-domain that binds to GTP, the bundle-signaling element (BSE) which interconnects the G-domain to the elongated stalk domain and C-terminal helical stalk domain. In agreement with the experimental studies, a series of conserved residues viz., Gln52, Ser53, Ser54, Leu68, Pro69, Gly71, Gly73, Thr76, Asp151, Gly154, Thr220, Lys221, Val251, Cys253, Arg254, and Gly255 were computed to be indispensable for tight anchoring of GTP within binding cavity of G-domain. The binding free energy calculation study depicted that the van der Waals and electrostatic terms contributs significantly to molecular recognition of GTP. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into the tissue-specific expression profiling and GTP binding mechanism of Mx protein from Labeo rohita, which is expected to drive further research on several cellular events including viral resistance and endocytosis in the near future.
Contrasting responses of photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency to ocean acidification under different light environments in a calcifying alga
Authors: Briggs Amy A. , Carpenter Robert C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is predicted to enhance photosynthesis in many marine taxa. However, photophysiology has multiple components that OA may affect differently, especially under different light environments, with potentially contrasting consequences for photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, because photosynthesis affects energetic budgets and internal acid-base dynamics, changes in it due to OA or light could mediate the sensitivity of other biological processes to OA (e.g. respiration and calcification). To better understand these effects, we conducted experiments onPorolithon onkodes, a common crustose coralline alga in Pacific coral reefs, crossing pCO2and light treatments. Results indicate OA inhibited some aspects of photophysiology (maximum photochemical efficiency), facilitated others (α, the responsiveness of photosynthesis to sub-saturating light), and had no effect on others (maximum gross photosynthesis), with the first two effects depending on treatment light level. Light also exacerbated the increase in dark-adapted respiration under OA, but did not alter the decline in calcification. Light-adapted respiration did not respond to OA, potentially due to indirect effects of photosynthesis. Combined, results indicate OA will interact with light to alter energetic budgets and potentially resource allocation among photosynthetic processes inP. onkodes, likely shifting its light tolerance, and constraining it to a narrower range of light environments.
Doping-Free Arsenene Heterostructure Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors Enabled by Thickness Modulated Semiconductor to Metal Transition in Arsenene
Authors: Seo Dongwook , Chang Jiwon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2-D) materials such as MoS2 and phosphorene provide an ideal platform to realize extremely thin body metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) which is highly immune to short channel effects in the ultra-scaled regime. Even with the excellent electrostatic integrity inherent in 2-D system, however, 2-D materials suffer from the lack of efficient doping method which is crucial in MOSFETs technology. Recently, an unusual phase transition from semiconductor to metal driven by the thickness modulation has been predicted in mono-elemental 2-D material arsenene. Utilizing this extraordinary property, we propose doping-free arsenene heterostructure MOSFETs based on the lateral multilayer (metallic source)/monolayer (semiconducting channel)/multilayer (metallic drain) arsenene heterostructure. Metallic multilayer arsenene in the source and drain can serve as electrodes without doping. We investigate the potential performance of arsenene heterostructure MOSFETs through atomistic simulations using density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function. The intrinsic upper limit of the on-state current in arsenene heterostructure MOSFETs is estimated by studying the effect of layer number in the source and drain. We comprehensively analyze the competitiveness of arsenene heterostructure MOSFETs through benchmarking with monolayer arsenene homostructure MOSFETs equipped with the highly degenerate doped source and drain, suggesting superior performance of heterostructure MOSFETs over homostructure MOSFETs.
Kommentar der Schriftleitung
Authors: Stöckli Sandro 
Published: March 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser!Es ist mir eine Freude, Ihnen die aktuelle Ausgabe der LRO mit einer kurzen Übersicht
zur Lektüre schmackhaft zu machen. Wiederum wird in den bewährten Rubriken viel
Lesenswertes angeboten.
Pregnancy-Preserving Laparoscopic Treatment of Acute Hemoperitoneum Following Lutein Cyst Rupture in Early Gestation
Authors: Watrowski Rafał 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcute hemoperitoneum (AHP) in early gestation is commonly treated via laparotomy. A ruptured corpus luteum (CL) cyst is a rare cause of AHP in pregnancy. This case report describes a 33-year-old, hemodynamically stable G2/P1 who presented at 5+5 gestational weeks with an acute abdomen due to ruptured CL cyst (7 cm). Emergent laparoscopy was performed. After evacuation of 1 L of hemoperitoneum, an atraumatic hemostasis was obtained without diathermy by use of hemostatic matrix (Floseal®). The ovary was reformed with an absorbable suture under preservation of CL. The postoperative recovery was uncomplicated. The hemoglobin drop was 2.8 g/dl. Further pregnancy course was uneventful. A healthy baby (2860 g) was delivered vaginally at 38+3 weeks of gestation.
Conclusion Laparoscopic approach to AHP in early pregnancy is suitable. CL preservation is feasible by use of atraumatic hemostatics.
A Standing Percutaneous Technique for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Twelve Horses (2014–2017)
Authors: Farnsworth Kelly , Souza Camila , Jones Andrew , Heaton Kyle 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This report describes the use of a minimally invasive standing pastern arthrodesis technique for the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses and documents its clinical outcome in 12 horses.
Materials and Methods Medical records and radiographs of horses diagnosed with proximal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis that underwent standing pastern arthrodesis using transarticular screws were reviewed. Follow-up information for determination of outcome was obtained via phone interview with the owners.
Results Twelve horses (15 limbs) were included in the study. Radiographical findings revealed severe osteoarthritis in 12/15 limbs and moderate osteoarthritis in 3/15 limbs. Follow-up information was available for 11/12 cases (13/15 limbs). Phone surveys with the owners revealed that 8/11 horses were performing at their previous activity level or higher. Two horses remained lame. One horse developed a surgical site infection and was euthanatized. The average time for horses to return to their previous level of activity was 6.5 months (range: 1–18 months).
Clinical Significance Stabilization of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis can be performed using this minimally invasive standing technique. This procedure can be performed safely and provides a similar outcome when compared with other described techniques.
Free-Flap Reconstruction of the Mandible
Authors: Kim Roderick , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko , Williams Fayette 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMandible reconstruction has evolved over the years with advances in surgical options and three-dimensional technology. Although nonvascularized bone grafting is still used, vascularized flaps show advantages with immediate reconstruction, the possibility of immediate dental implants, and the ability to reconstruct composite defects of both soft tissue and bone. This article discusses current vascularized techniques for mandible reconstruction. While each reconstructive method has advantages and disadvantages, a defect-based reconstruction focused on full rehabilitation allows surgeons to plan and counsel the patient for the best available reconstruction.
Retrosigmoid Transmeatal Approach with 360-Degree Drilling of the Internal Auditory Canal for the Resection of Intracanalicular Meningioma
Authors: Ramina Ricardo , Constanzo Felipe , da Silva Erasmo Barros , Coelho Neto Maurício 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Vestibular schwannomas are the most common lesions occupying the internal auditory canal (IAC); however, almost in 4 to 5% of meningiomas, metastases, cysts, lipomas, and cavernous malformations have been found in this location, mimicking schwannomas. Even though cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas with the involvement of the IAC are frequently encountered, the presence of a primary intracanalicular meningioma is rare.
Objective To show the technical nuances of the retrosigmoid-transmeatal approach to successfully achieve gross total resection (GTR) with preservation of facial and auditory function.
Case Report We present a left intracanalicular meningioma on a 60-year-old man with history of tinnitus and hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left intracanalicular lesion completely obliterating the IAC and with minor extension to the CPA cistern, with the vestibulocochlear complex dislocated posteriorly, initially diagnosed as a Hannover's T2 vestibular schwannoma. The patient underwent a left retrosigmoid approach, and during the exposure of the lesion, the diagnosis of a meningioma became evident. The transmeatal phase of the approach was modified with a wide opening of the canal, including the anterior wall. Closure was performed using a muscle graft, duramater flap, and fibrin glue.
Results GTR was achieved and the patient developed a mild facial palsy (House–Brackmann grade III) which completely recovered within 3 months.
Conclusions The retrosigmoid transmeatal approach is suitable to achieve GTR in intracanalicular meningiomas. Some modifications of the approach intended for vestibular schwannomas are necessary and may be performed during the procedure.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/A9OXRFIl1e8.
Middle Fossa Approach for Resection of an Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Jean Walter C. , Mueller Kyle , Kim H. Jeffrey 
Published: March 2019

Objective This video was aimed to demonstrate the middle fossa approach for the resection of an intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma.
Design Present study is a video case report.
Setting The operative video is showing a microsurgical resection.
Participant The patient was a 59-year-old man who presented with worsening headache and right-side hearing loss. He was found to have a right intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma. After weighing risks and benefits, he chose surgery to remove his tumor. Since his hearing remained “serviceable,” a middle fossa approach was chosen.
Main Outcome Measures Pre- and postoperative patient photographs evaluated the muscles of facial expression as a marker for facial nerve preservation.
Results A right middle fossa craniotomy was performed which allowed access to the floor of the middle cranial fossa. The greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) and arcuate eminence were identified. Using these two landmarks, the internal acoustic canal (IAC) was localized. After drilling the petrous bone, the IAC was unroofed. The facial nerve was identified by stimulation and visual inspection and the tumor was separated from it with microsurgical dissection. In the end, the tumor was fully resected. Both the facial and cochlear nerves were preserved. Postoperatively, the patient experienced no facial palsy and his hearing is at baseline.
Conclusion With radiosurgery gaining increasing popularity, patients with intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas are frequently treated with it, or are managed with observation. The middle fossa approach is therefore becoming a “lost art,” but as demonstrated in this video, remains an effective technique for tumor removal and nerve preservation.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/MD6o3DF6jYg.
Pharyngeal Reconstruction with Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Bahrami Arash , Vincent Aurora , Inman Jared , Mourad Moustafa , Sawhney Raja , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReconstruction of pharyngoesophageal defects after total laryngectomies and extirpation of hypopharyngeal and upper esophageal carcinomas presents a challenging task. Goals of reconstruction include adequate voice rehabilitation and restoration of normal swallowing. The reconstructive armamentarium contains many options for reconstruction and creation of a new upper digestive tract. This review article focuses on the most commonly used free tissue transfer options for the reconstruction of these defects, with an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages.
Medical Management of Three Patients with an Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Case Series and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Salhab Khaled , Gioia William , Rabenstein Andrew , Gubernikoff George , Schubach Scott 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe model of surgery first and always for Type A aortic dissections has continued to evolve. During the last three decades, various studies have demonstrated that in select patients, surgery should be delayed or avoided. This case series examines three cases in which patients were medically treated. Furthermore, we review the literature and when surgery should be delayed for acute Type A aortic dissections.
Cavernosopatía Traumática Aguda (CTA) trauma peneano en un grupo de 38 pacientes en un consultorio de medicina sexual durante 20 años de experiencia (1998-2018)
Authors: Uribe A Juan Fernando 
Published: March 2019

Introducción El trauma de pene tiene una variedad de presentaciones, no siempre de origen sexual con diversas implicaciones anatómicas y funcionales para él.
Objetivo Describir los hallazgos en un grupo de pacientes de “Cavernosopatía traumática aguda” (CTA), desde el punto de vista clínico y ecográfico y sus desenlaces.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de un grupo de 38 pacientes que consultaron por CTA en un período de 20 años (1998-2018) en una consulta de medicina sexual en Medellín-Colombia. La condición para ser incluidos, era el antecedente en el tiempo de un trauma agudo y mayor del pene. Se evaluaron el tipo de trauma y variables relacionadas (crack audible, hematoma, fractura albugínea, ruptura del ligamento suspensorio, necesidad de cirugía); hallazgos clínicos (curvaturas, escotaduras, acortamiento); hallazgos ecográficos (Fibrosis peneana, fugas venosas) y otros desenlaces (disfunción eréctil). El estudio contó con la aprobación del comité de ética en investigación del HPTU.
Resultados Se estudiaron 38 pacientes con diagnóstico de CTA. Edad de consulta: 42 y edad del trauma 38,7 años, promedio. Trauma sexual (TS): 23 pacientes (60,5%), No sexual (TNS): 15 pacientes (39,4%). Hematomas: 22 (57,8%); fractura albugínea: 16 (42,1%); ruptura del ligamento suspensorio: 2 (5,2%); curvatura secundaria: 14 (36,8%); nódulos palpables: 13 (34,2%); acortamiento: 11 (28,9%); crack audible: 13 (34,2%); algún grado de disfunción eréctil: 26 (68,4%); necesidad de cirugía urgente: 6 (15,78%). En los 31 (81,5%) pacientes que tuvieron una ECO peneana como parte de su estudio tenemos, hallazgo de fibrosis: 25/31 (80,6%); fugas venosas cavernosas: 5/31 (16,1%) e hipervascularización 10/31 (32,2%).
Conclusiones La Cavernosopatía traumática aguda (CTA) es una denominación adecuada para el síndrome que desencadena un trauma peneano agudo, que puede incluir secuelas como fibrosis peneana (hasta el 80%), curvaturas secundarias (hasta el 38%), acortamiento, fugas venosas y disfunción eréctil (hasta 70% de los casos). Entre 6/10 de esos traumas, son de índole sexual y el resto son un grupo variopinto de traumas (automovilísticos, deportivos, quemaduras, ataques de animales).
Voltage-induced long-range coherent electron transfer through organic molecules
Authors: Michaeli Karen , Beratan David N. , Waldeck David H. , Naaman Ron 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Charge transfer through organic molecules is extensively studied theoretically and experimentally owing to its importance in basic biological processes. Long-distance electron transport through such molecules, which are typically insulating, is commonly attributed to thermally activated hopping. We introduce an additional mechanism that supports electron transfer across appreciable distances, even at zero temperature. It originates from the electric potential that is either internally created or externally applied before charge flows. The electronic wavefunctions are dramatically changed by this potential, allowing them to efficiently mediate current. This mechanism can explain recent experiments where electron transfer shows only a weak temperature dependence. Our result is an important contribution to the long-standing challenge of developing a comprehensive theory for charge transfer through organic molecules.
The Recappables: Exploring a Feminist Approach to Criticism
Authors: Petruska Karen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article argues that television recaps are a unique critical genre that provide uncommon attention to women-targeted content. As an episodic form of critical engagement, recaps provide new opportunities for emerging female writers and writers of color to comment upon television’s representational challenges and successes. As women-targeted media gains new traction in the marketplace, recaps can not only be an important vehicle for needed commentary about undervalued content, but they also may serve as a marker of the value of these programs for a historically underserved audience. Featuring interviews with five recappers and two editors from major entertainment-focused publications including The AV Club, Vulture, Vox, Hello Beautiful, Go Fug Yourself and Buzzfeed, this article explores the recap as a distinct genre with feminist potential to elevate new voices, to disrupt traditional taste hierarchies, and to embrace pleasure as a measure of quality.
Evolution of Brain Connections: Integrating Diffusion MR Tractography With Gene Expression Highlights Increased Corticocortical Projections in Primates
Authors: Charvet Christine J , Palani Arthi , Kabaria Priya , Takahashi Emi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Diffusion MR tractography permits investigating the 3D structure of cortical pathways as interwoven paths across the entire brain. We use high-resolution scans from diffusion spectrum imaging and high angular resolution diffusion imaging to investigate the evolution of cortical pathways within the euarchontoglire (i.e., primates, rodents) lineage. More specifically, we compare cortical fiber pathways between macaques (Macaca mulatta), marmosets (Callithrix jachus), and rodents (mice, Mus musculus). We integrate these observations with comparative analyses of Neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH) expression across the cortex of mice and primates. We chose these species because their phylogenetic position serves to trace the early evolutionary history of the human brain. Our comparative analysis from diffusion MR tractography, cortical white matter scaling, and NEFH expression demonstrates that the examined primates deviate from mice in possessing increased long-range cross-cortical projections, many of which course across the anterior to posterior axis of the cortex. Our study shows that integrating gene expression data with diffusion MR data is an effective approach in identifying variation in connectivity patterns between species. The expansion of corticocortical pathways and increased anterior to posterior cortical integration can be traced back to an extension of neurogenetic schedules during development in primates.
Emergency Department Visits due to Scabies in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis of a Nationally Representative Emergency Department Sample
Authors: Tripathi Raghav , Knusel Konrad D , Ezaldein Harib H , Bordeaux Jeremy S , Scott Jeffrey F 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Limited information exists regarding the burden of emergency department (ED) visits due to scabies in the United States. The goal of this study was to provide population-level estimates regarding scabies visits to American EDs.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of the nationally representative National Emergency Department Sample from 2013 to 2015. Outcomes included adjusted odds for scabies ED visits, adjusted odds for inpatient admission due to scabies in the ED scabies population, predictors for cost of care, and seasonal/regional variation in cost and prevalence of scabies ED visits.

Results
Our patient population included 416 017 218 ED visits from 2013 to 2015, of which 356 267 were due to scabies (prevalence = 85.7 per 100 000 ED visits). The average annual expenditure for scabies ED visits was $67 125 780.36. The average cost of care for a scabies ED visit was $750.91 (±17.41). Patients visiting the ED for scabies were most likely to be male children from lower income quartiles and were most likely to present to the ED on weekdays in the fall, controlling for all other factors. Scabies ED patients that were male, older, insured by Medicare, from the highest income quartile, and from the Midwest/West were most likely to be admitted as inpatients. Older, higher income, Medicare patients in large Northeastern metropolitan cities had the greatest cost of care.

Conclusion
This study provides comprehensive nationally representative estimates of the burden of scabies ED visits on the American healthcare system. These findings are important for developing targeted interventions to decrease the incidence and burden of scabies in American EDs.