bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies under yellow-legged hornet (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) pressure
Authors: Diéguez-Antón Ana , Rodríguez-Flores María Shantal , Ordoñez Dios María Esther , Bunker Sarah , Nave Anabela , Godinho Joana , Casaca João Diogo , Guedes Helena , Seijo María Carmen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905, is a common predator of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, Linnaeus. It has become an invasive species in several territories around the world, constituting a major threat to beekeeping in those areas. Management strategies are based on destroying the hornets’ nests, trapping adults, or physical interventions to protect honey bee colonies. However, there is a lack of information on how beekeepers should manage their colonies when the yellow-legged hornet is present. Here we present an overview of the life cycle and identification of the yellow-legged hornet, and common control methods used in apiaries. Moreover, we highlight the importance of management techniques for improving honey bee colony survival, including recommendations for beekeepers to achieve better colony health and strength. Essential for such management is close attention to colony food reserves and the provision of extra food when honey bee foraging is stopped by yellow-legged hornets predating foragers in front of the hive. Weak or diseased honey bee colonies succumb easily to the predator; therefore colony strength is key to survival. Although more research is needed to improve control strategies of this invasive species, this manuscript is a useful guide for honey bee colony management in invaded areas.
An experimental calculation method for stress intensity factors of three-dimensional surface cracks
Authors: Qi Cong , Pi Ai-guo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Stress intensity factors (SIFs) are important parameters for evaluating structural reliability. This work combines CT in situ uniaxial compression experiment to study the main crack propagation trajectories of the reactive powder concrete (RPC) specimens. The three-dimensional (3D) displacement fields of RPC specimens with 3D surface cracks were analyzed using a 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method. The 3D-DIC method was used to calculate the 3D surface crack SIFs of RPC specimens at different inclination angles, and the influence of crack inclination angles on SIFs was analyzed. The study found that the distribution pattern of SIFs calculated by the 3D-DIC method is consistent with the results obtained by the numerical method.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis: a case report
Authors: Al Salkhadi Asham , Al Salkhadi Mohammad Ajwad , Hasan Ayham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (MAA) is a rare primary malignancy with an incidence of 0.01–0.2% and often presents as acute appendicitis. We present a case of a 61-year-old male who initially presented with right iliac fossa pain, worsening over 3 days, accompanied by appetite loss but no other symptoms. The patient’s history included a splenectomy and epilepsy. Physical examination and computed tomography scan suggested a picture of acute appendicitis. He underwent an emergency laparoscopic appendectomy that was converted to open right hemicolectomy due to the mass’s adherence to the cecum. The mass, at the cecum, originating from the appendix, measured 10 × 7 × 7 cm. Pathology confirmed a moderately differentiated MAA. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of imaging and histopathology. The patient recovered well and was discharged on Day 6 postoperatively. We aim to highlight the importance of distinguishing MAA from acute appendicitis and the need for careful preoperative evaluation.
Selective recognition of RNA G-quadruplex in vitro and in cells by L-aptamer–D-oligonucleotide conjugate
Authors: Zhao Haizhou , Lau Hill Lam , Zhang Kun , Kwok Chun Kit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
RNA Guanine-quadruplexes (rG4s) are important nucleic acid structures that govern vital biological processes. Although numerous tools have been developed to target rG4s, few specific tools are capable of discerning individual rG4 of interest. Herein, we design and synthesize the first L-aptamer–antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conjugate, L-Apt.4–1c-ASO15nt(APP), with a focus on recognizing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) rG4 region as an example. The L-aptamer module binds with the rG4 structure, whereas ASO hybridizes with flanking sequences. Together, these two modules enhance the precise recognition of APP rG4. We demonstrate that the L-Apt.4–1c-ASO15nt(APP) conjugate can interact with the APP rG4 region with sub-nanomolar binding affinity, and distinguish APP rG4 from other G4s and non-G4s in vitro and in cells. We also show that L-Apt.4–1c-ASO15nt(APP) can inhibit APP protein expression. Notably, we investigate the inhibitory mechanism of this newly developed tool, and reveal that it controls gene expression by hindering DHX36 protein from unraveling the rG4, as well as by promoting translational inhibition and RNase H-mediated mRNA knockdown activity. Our novel L-aptamer–ASO conjugate tool not only enables the specific recognition of rG4 region of interest, but also allows efficient gene control via targeting rG4-containing transcripts in cells.
Neuroimmune-competent human brain organoid model of diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Sarnow Katharina , Majercak Emma , Qurbonov Qurbonali , Cruzeiro Gustavo A V , Jeong Daeun , Haque Ishraq A , Khalil Andrew , Baird Lissa C , Filbin Mariella G , Tang Xin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Pediatric high-grade gliomas, such as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), have a poor prognosis and lack curative treatments. Current research models of DMG primarily rely on human DMG cell lines cultured in vitro or xenografted into the brains of immunodeficient mice. However, these models are insufficient to recapitulate the complex cell-cell interactions between DMG and the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME), therefore fall short of accurately reflecting how efficacious therapeutic agents or combinations will be in the clinical setting.

Methods
To address these challenges, we developed a neuroimmune-competent brain/tumor fusion organoid model system consisting entirely of human cells to investigate the interactions between DMG cells and the primary innate immune cells of the brain, microglia, in the TIME at both cellular and subcellular levels. We generated microglia-containing brain organoids (MiCBOs) that carry morphologically mature, motile microglia and multiple subtypes of neurons to mimic the brain tumor microenvironment. These organoids were then fused with H3K27M mutant, TP53P27R/K132R DMG tumor spheroids to create the MiCBO-tumor fusion (MiCBO-TF) model.

Results
We utilized live imaging methods to simultaneously track the mobility of microglial cell bodies and the motility of their process, as well as the behavior of tumor cells within a human brain tissue environment. Our MiCBO-TF model faithfully recapitulated the diffuse infiltration pattern of DMG into brain tissue and revealed that microglial mobility and interactions with tumor cells are highly influenced by external factors and the surrounding tissue environment.

Conclusions
The MiCBO-TF model represents a powerful platform for both mechanistic investigations and the development of precision medicine approaches for DMG.
Introduction: Towards a Multifaceted History of Archaeology
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita , Coltofean Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the basis for the handbook and for a new history of archaeology, while at the same time tracing the major lines behind the book. It first provides an overview of how historians of archaeology have argued for the need to know about the discipline’s past. The chapter then summarizes major methods and methodologies used by historians of archaeology. This summary includes a survey of works written by archaeologists and other learned individuals, the search for distinct types of documents in archives, and oral history. Finally, the chapter introduces the concept of this volume, its background, and its rationale, before presenting an overview of each of the parts and chapters into which the handbook has been subdivided.
A History of Archaeology and the Hard Sciences
Authors: Delley Géraldine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“Hard sciences” is a popular expression that appeared around the 1960s and usually includes the natural (biology, geology, physics, chemistry) and formal (mathematics, computer) sciences. The natural and hard sciences have occupied an increasingly important place in archaeology since the 1960s, to the extent that some of them—such as biology with DNA and genetics research—have felt it legitimate to appropriate archaeological topics. For their part, archaeologists have begun to speak of a “natural science turn.” The history of these interactions, however, cannot be summed up by the debates that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. Their origins go back to the nineteenth century, when archaeology—especially prehistoric archaeology—emerged as a discipline focusing on the history of humankind as both a natural and a cultural phenomenon. This chapter explores the interactions between archaeology and the hard and natural sciences from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries, taking central Europe as a case study. It follows four directions: the definition of disciplinary boundaries, the heuristic expectations of archaeologists regarding the natural and hard sciences, the political dimension related to the development of such collaborations, and the complexity of the epistemological issues emerging from those intensive interactions.
Archaeology as Leisure
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a critical overview of the history of archaeological tourism, looking at its precedents and development over the last two centuries. The reasons that led first the wealthy and then the public to take an interest in antiquities are explained, as well as why governments were interested in promoting it. The chapter assesses practices and institutions that support this leisure activity, looking at a wide range of elements—from museums, archaeological sites open to the public, and events held in them to material culture, such as guidebooks and souvenirs. The chapter explains geographical expansion of archaeological tourism as well as its political, social, and economic context. In the most recent period, issues under discussion include gentrification, mass tourism, local communities, Indigenous rights, and the impact of neoliberalism on archaeological tourism.
Archives, Oral History, and Histories of Archaeology
Authors: Wolfhechel Jensen Ola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to critically assess the nature of archives and oral history, how they are created, their possibilities and restraints in historical studies, and to present examples of theories and methods on how to use and evaluate them. The chapter also includes examples of the use of archives and oral histories in contemporary research, possible strategies for enrolling them in writing histories of archaeology in the future, and reflections on the impact of the digital development that we have witnessed in recent decades. Most information concerning archaeological achievements is not published but stored in various archives and in the minds of archaeologists as personal or collective memories. As the subject of archaeology’s history has become more specialized, the awareness of the potential of these sources has increased. This specialization has revealed long-forgotten and even neglected archaeologists, ideas, and practices and triggered interest in new issues that are important for our understanding of the discipline’s past.
The Origins and Growth of Archaeology and Education
Authors: Corbishley Mike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses archaeology in education. Archaeology in education is more than just about interesting the younger generation in digging and in visiting important sites and monuments across the world. It must start with the ways in which societies view the importance of the remains of their past. Archaeologists and historians, across the world, try to influence their own governments to protect their physical heritage and to try to change attitudes about the past held by the general public. Influencing governments is an important method of instilling in school students and their teachers a sense of respect for the past and of responsibility for preserving it and learning about it. This often takes the form of encouraging the inclusion of archaeology and the use of evidence-based teaching in the curriculum, especially but not exclusively in the history curriculum. Archaeological and heritage organizations and museums have been in the forefront of providing information and activities for the public and teaching for adults.
Sacred Archaeology in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century
Authors: Effros Bonnie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the deployment of archaeology to reclaim, verify, or dismiss biblical or subsequent religious phenomena in Judeo-Christian faith traditions. Although scholars have studied the history of archaeology against the backdrop of nationalism, imperialism, and colonialism, the role of religious beliefs has not received sufficient attention. The chapter explores how archaeological activities have helped control the sacred through the discovery of holy places or objects, confirm or supplement religious narratives found in biblical, canonical, and hagiographical works, and stake claims to historical territories by identifying places described in religious texts. Although this reinvigoration of religious orthodoxy often accompanied nationalistic, imperial, and colonial initiatives before World War II, it became more isolated from scientific archaeology in the postwar period. Today, heritage sites are among the most promising spaces for meaningful dialogue between spiritual belief and archaeological practice. While the current chapter is limited to Judeo-Christian traditions, these ideas have relevance to other religions.
Archaeology, Nationalism, Imperialism, Colonialism, and the Postcolonial Turn
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between professional archaeology and nationalism as a political ideology from the late eighteenth century up to the present. The influence on the discipline of the changes in nationalism throughout the nineteenth century is assessed, while also paying attention to how archaeologists contributed to the continuous remodeling of the nationalist discourse. The expansion of the chronological focus of archaeology from classical archaeology to the archaeology of other periods, such as prehistory and the Middle Ages, is examined with reference to the changes taking place in nationalism. The implications of the connection between nationalism and new imperialism for the study of past remains are also explored, looking at how archaeology became a tool of imperialism in the formal, informal, and internal colonies. The chapter then moves on to analyze the profound effects of decolonization on the study of the past in many parts of the world from World War II to the present day.
The History of Conflict Archaeology
Authors: McMillan Sophie M. , Pollard Tony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chapter acknowledges the wide range of themes and approaches that sit beneath the overarching umbrella of conflict archaeology. These include battlefield archaeology, which, as this chapter proposes, is a distinct subfield of conflict archaeology rather than a less nuanced precursor to conflict archaeology as some practitioners have implied. Over recent decades, conflict archaeology has been among the fastest growing subdisciplines within the wider archaeological academy. It does however have a deeper history, and this chapter traces its evolution in Europe and the United States over the last century and more, identifying key landmarks and providing summary case studies where appropriate. The Western focus of the chapter is primarily due to space constraints; wherever possible, references have been made to non-Western contributions.
“Genius,” “Precursors,” and “Great (White) Men” in the History of Archaeology
Authors: Moro Abadía Oscar , Lewis-Sing Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter refers to a number of critical works on the concepts of “genius,” “precursor,” and “great (white) men.” In the past, archaeologists regarded the history of their science as a story of the heroic discoverers who had greatly contributed to the understanding of the past. As a result, disciplinary historiographical accounts adopted the form of discovery stories. The practice of celebrating past glories of science has a number of pernicious effects for the history of science. In particular, historians have typically overemphasized the importance of the so-called precursors and overlooked the contribution of those scholars who have been excluded from the Pantheon of great scientists. To illustrate this problem, this chapter focuses on André Leroi-Gourhan and Annette Laming-Emperaire. Both made significant contributions to the study of cave art. Yet, while Leroi-Gourhan is celebrated as a “pioneer” of structuralism, Laming-Emperaire’s contributions are typically overlooked in archaeological histories.
From Deep Holes to the Bigger Picture
Authors: Eberhardt Gisela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the development and spread of archaeological field methods as reflected in the history of excavation layout. During the early nineteenth century, questions of chronology were initially in the foreground and could be answered by ordering the ancient finds—a targeted search for objects was thus appropriate as method. But holes and trenches proved to be insufficient at the latest when the notion of culture changed from general to particular. Instead of universally valid categories, the focus turned to the individual find site, which had to be carefully excavated, requiring increasingly large-scale excavation methods. Thus, the basic archaeological field methods were established by the first quarter of the twentieth century. In the process, the decidedly “Western” historical approach to the material and the associated ways of working had been spread around the world from Europe and the United States.
Reconceptualizing Altered States of Consciousness Using Network-Based Tools
Authors: Carranante Géraldine , van Elk Michiel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Progress in the scientific study of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) has been hindered by methodological and conceptual problems. At a methodological level there is a lack of agreement on the scales and instruments used to measure and categorize ASCs. At a conceptual level, existing typologies (such as trigger-based, phenomenology-based, attribution-based, neurobiological, and psychopathological approaches) face difficulties with demarcating different states and in organizing the field of investigation in a clear and productive way. The authors propose a new method of classification for this research field that will mitigate these problems by providing better typologies to study ASCs. In this chapter the authors lay out the epistemological foundations of such an approach, arguing that scientific progress can be made through an iterative process of conceptual refinement. On this approach, ASCs can be conceived of as a network of nodes, in which different clusters of states can be identified. At a methodological level, network-based models offer the potential to calculate network properties (e.g., centrality measures), while at a conceptual level they offer flexibility in terms of the nodes that can be included in the network (these could encompass features of experience, as well as contextual, social and biological features). The authors argue that a network-based model outperforms existing conceptual approaches for fostering current scientific research. By doing so, the authors also offer methodological tools to organize the research field of ASCs, which helps scientists to produce more precise scientific results and to foster interdisciplinary transmission of results.
Monsters of the Inner World
Authors: Apanomeritaki Eirini 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monsters of the ancient world often populate psychoanalytic thought. This chapter explores the relationship between monstrosity and psychoanalysis by offering a critical comparison of psychoanalytic theories on the monsters of classical myths. The first section discusses approaches to the Theban Sphinx by Sigmund Freud, Otto Rank, and Carl Gustav Jung. The second section considers Freud’s interpretation of Medusa and its effect on the formation of a psychoanalytic account that privileges male sexuality. After Freud, monstrosity is discussed in relation to maternity in the work of Cixous, Kristeva, and other theorists. The third section addresses the limited attention the Minotaur has received in psychoanalysis from the twentieth century onwards despite the interest in mythical monsters and archaeology. In exploring various approaches to monsters, the chapter highlights the affinity between monstrosity and the development of psychoanalytic thought.
Typhoeus, Agent of Disorder
Authors: Brockliss William 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Typhoeus represents perhaps the most extreme instantiation of disorder of all monsters of the Greek and Roman tradition. The poets and artists of ancient Greece and Rome associate him with several related themes: disordered or otherwise unusual family relations, a disorderly body, disorderly sounds, and the capacity to engender disorder in the cosmos and on earth. Writers also draw on Typhoeus to illustrate disorder in human communities and the human soul, and to explore conceptual pairings important to their poems and treatises, such as reason and madness, music and noise. Nonetheless, for all Typhoeus’ disorderly qualities, some texts identify a more positive role for the forces associated with the monster. Nonnus, for instance, hints that a Typhoean soundscape can make a contribution to the poetics of the Dionysiaca.
Monsters and Disability
Authors: Silverblank Hannah , Ward Marchella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the rhetorical constructions of monstrosity and disability in Aristotelian philosophy and Homer’s Odyssey Book 9—and proceeds by reading backwards in time, a methodology drawn from queer studies and disability studies. First, the chapter establishes some of the dangers of reading bodies for meaning in post-classical modernity. Then it contextualizes these physiognomic readings in Aristotelian interpretations of bodies (Parts of Animals, Physiognomonica, Generation of Animals). Finally, the chapter considers the role that these modes of monstering, and concomitant abdications of moral responsibility for violence, play in Odysseus’ encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus. Odysseus’ rhetorical connection between disability and monstrosity can be dangerous and oppressive to people with non-normate bodies in the real world; but when read outside Odysseus’ interpretative lens, the monster becomes a spark for imagining alternative ways of living in multi-species community and interdependence.