bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small-molecule allosteric activators of PDE4 long form cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases
Authors: Omar Faisa , Findlay Jane E. , Carfray Gemma , Allcock Robert W. , Jiang Zhong , Moore Caitlin , Muir Amy L. , Lannoy Morgane , Fertig Bracy A. , Mai Deborah , Day Jonathan P. , Bolger Graeme , Baillie George S. , Schwiebert Erik , Klussmann Enno , Pyne Nigel J. , Ong Albert C. M. , Bowers Keith , Adam Julia M. , Adams David R. , Houslay Miles D. , Henderson David J. P. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a universal second messenger found in cells of all biological systems. In mammalian cells, it controls critical actions as diverse as cardiac function, cell proliferation, learning, and memory, for example. Even within a cell, it can differentially control distinct processes by virtue of compartmentalization, where targeted degradation by cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) forms and shapes gradients that underpin this spatiotemporal organization. Here, we describe a small-molecule allosteric activator of PDE4 long isoforms. This discovery is poised to have considerable impact for both developing therapeutics and as a probe for gaining insight into the impact of PDE4 long isoforms upon the fundamental cellular processes that cAMP controls in health and disease.
Stability of the A15 phase in diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Bates Morgan W. , Lequieu Joshua , Barbon Stephanie M. , Lewis Ronald M. , Delaney Kris T. , Anastasaki Athina , Hawker Craig J. , Fredrickson Glenn H. , Bates Christopher M. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Block copolymers are prevalent throughout industry and academe due to their self-assembly into well-ordered nanostructures, but only a handful of morphologies are known with the simplest materials built from two chemically distinct blocks. In this article, we report that AB diblock copolymers can also self-assemble into a structure known as the A15 phase. Theory and experiments indicate A15 occurs throughout a substantial region of phase space with suitable differences in the space-filling characteristics of each block. The observed temperature-dependent phase transitions can only be explained using fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations, which provide evidence that composition fluctuations play a key role in the self-assembly of block copolymers into the larger class of tetrahedrally close-packed sphere phases.
SIP/CacyBP promotes autophagy by regulating levels of BRUCE/Apollon, which stimulates LC3-I degradation
Authors: Jiang Tian-Xia , Zou Jiang-Bo , Zhu Qian-Qian , Liu Cui Hua , Wang Guang-Fei , Du Ting-Ting , Luo Zi-Yu , Guo Fang , Zhou Lu-Ming , Liu Juan-Juan , Zhang Wensheng , Shu You-Sheng , Yu Li , Li Peng , Ronai Ze’ev A. , Matsuzawa Shu-ichi , Goldberg Alfred L. , Qiu Xiao-Bo 
Published: June 2019

Significance
BRUCE/Apollon is an unusual inhibitor of apoptosis protein containing a ubiquitin-conjugating domain. Here we show that BRUCE is also an inhibitor of autophagy by promoting the proteasomal degradation of LC3-I, the precursor of LC3-II, which is critical in autophagosome biogenesis and substrate recruitment. SIP/CacyBP, which is highly expressed in neurons and various tumors, promotes autophagy by enhancing autophagic degradation of BRUCE and promoting autophagosome formation. DNA damage by the anticancer agents camptathecin and etoposide caused monoubiquitination of SIP by the ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 and stimulated apoptosis. Deletion of SIP reduced the autophagic degradation of BRUCE and damaged mitochondria. This study identifies unanticipated mechanisms that regulate both autophagy and apoptosis, whose roles in physiology and disease will be important to investigate.
Direct delivery of adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector into the blastoderm for generation of targeted gene knockout in quail
Authors: Lee Joonbum , Ma Jisi , Lee Kichoon 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Current methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in avian species require isolation, culture, and genome modification of primordial germ cells in vitro for the subsequent injection into the extraembryonic blood vessel of the egg. These processes require highly skilled techniques and the establishment of optimized conditions. In the present study, the adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector, optimized for expression of gRNA and the Cas9 gene in avian cells, was injected into the quail blastoderm in newly laid eggs. The resulting chimeras generated offspring with targeted mutations in the melanophilin gene, resulting in gray plumage of homozygous mutant quail. Implementation of this simplified avian knockout process can accelerate avian knockout studies involved in diverse areas of research and lead to the advancement of future agricultural applications.
Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers
Authors: Larsen Clark Spencer , Knüsel Christopher J. , Haddow Scott D. , Pilloud Marin A. , Milella Marco , Sadvari Joshua W. , Pearson Jessica , Ruff Christopher B. , Garofalo Evan M. , Bocaege Emmy , Betz Barbara J. , Dori Irene , Glencross Bonnie 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Bioarchaeological investigation of human remains from Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey, contributes to a growing body of data documenting population dynamics, health, and lifestyle of early farmers in Holocene settings in the Near East and globally. The extensive archaeological context of foodways, material culture, housing, environment, ecology, population structure and size, social interaction, and community living informs interpretation of the bioarchaeological record representing nearly 1,200 continuous years of community life. This record presents biological outcomes and comprehensive understanding of the challenges associated with dependence on domesticated plants and animals, the labor involved in acquiring food and other resources, impacts of settled community life on health and well-being, and evolving lifeways to the present day.
Shaping the branched flow of light through disordered media
Authors: Brandstötter Andre , Girschik Adrian , Ambichl Philipp , Rotter Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Significance
In the presence of a weakly fluctuating potential landscape, waves exhibit pronounced enhancements along so-called “branches.” The formation of these beautiful branches is a universal phenomenon occurring on vastly different length scales and for many types of waves, such as for tsunami waves traveling through the rough ocean sea bed or for light beams propagating through a soap film. Here, we show that wavefront shaping techniques can be used to control this phenomenon and to steer waves through the potential landscape along a single branch rather than along many of them in parallel (as has always been observed so far). Our numerical results show that this feat should be directly implementable with current-day technology.
Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology
Authors: Nayar Saba , Campos Joana , Smith Charlotte G. , Iannizzotto Valentina , Gardner David H. , Mourcin Frédéric , Roulois David , Turner Jason , Sylvestre Marvin , Asam Saba , Glaysher Bridget , Bowman Simon J. , Fearon Douglas T. , Filer Andrew , Tarte Karin , Luther Sanjiv A. , Fisher Benjamin A. , Buckley Christopher D. , Coles Mark C. , Barone Francesca 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceTLS, which are clusters of lymphocytes and stromal cells observed at sites of chronic inflammation, play a key role in sustaining disease progression in autoimmune conditions. While the role of lymphocytes in these structures has been studied extensively, the role of fibroblasts, nonhematopoietic stromal cells, in the formation and maintenance of TLS has not been demonstrated. Here, we establish that, at sites of TLS establishment, resident fibroblasts expand and acquire immunological features in a process that is dependent on IL13 and IL22. Interference with this process or depletion of immunofibroblasts leads to involution of TLS, resulting in decreased immune-cell activation and resolution of tissue pathology, thus supporting the use of fibroblast-targeting strategies to treat TLS-associated autoimmune diseases.
Incomplete phonetic neutralization
Authors: Hall Nancy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Arabic has played a central role in the development of phonological theory, with the challenge of describing its complex and interacting alternations spurring theoretical developments from the cycle to variants of Optimality Theory. The phonetic study of these alternations, however, has attracted less attention. This chapter gives an overview of one controversial topic in phonetic research, the incomplete phonetic neutralization of contrasts, in which evidence from Arabic has only recently begun to enter the decades-old debate. Some Arabic phonological alternations, such as Levantine vowel epenthesis, are shown to be incompletely neutralizing, while others, such as Levantine vowel shortening, appear to involve complete neutralization. I propose that patterns of phonetic neutralization are affected by the root-and-pattern morphology of Arabic and may shed light on lexical organization in such systems. Incomplete neutralization results when a form that has undergone a phonological change is still lexically linked to its original timing template. The fossilization of older phonological processes leads to lexical reorganization in the form of loss of such linkages.
Diminutive and augmentative formation in northern Najdi/Ḥā’ili Arabic
Authors: Alshammari Wafi , Davis Stuart 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to make known an unusual, if not unique, morphological augmentative found in one variety of northern Najdi (Saudi) Arabic, specifically the Ḥā’ili variety as mainly spoken by members of the Shammar tribe. A brief description of the pattern can be found in Assuwaida (1997). Our paper expands on his original work, illustrating more subpatterns of the augmentative. We conclude by briefly discussing whether the unique Ḥā’ili augmentative is an innovation or a truly archaic feature.
Destabilizing Arabic diglossia?
Authors: Alkhamees Abdulrahman , Elabdali Rasha , Walters Keith 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper problematizes current understandings of Arabic diglossia by demonstrating the ways in which it is clearly being reconfigured thanks to the linguistic practices of younger users of the language in the New Media. Analysis of social media data from two undergraduate students, native users of Arabic, illustrates the ways in which such practices are translingual; that is, users do not limit themselves to a single language, language variety, or script, but rather employ multiple resources, including nonlinguistic ones, that they assume will be understood by their addressee(s). These literate practices represent a clear break with traditional academic and lay understandings of diglossia, particularly with regard to the user-based conventionalization of writing dialectal Arabic.
Generic expressions in Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Khalfaoui Amel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous analyses of generic expressions in Arabic have focused on definite singular and plural DPs headed with the definite article al- (Fehri, 2004; Al-Malki et al., 2014). This study introduces an additional type of generic reference expressed with the Tunisian Arabic (TA) demonstrative hāk. Based on an analysis of naturally occurring discourse, this study shows that the felicity of this generic demonstrative is subject to a number of constraints. First, the generic demonstrative hāk always occurs with a plural count or singular non-count noun and a restrictive modifier in order to denote a familiar (i.e., in memory) kind set. Second, the evoked kind set must be a relatively subordinate and atypical (i.e., less central) kind set in accordance with Rosch (1978) and Lakoff’s (1987) principles of categorization.
In-field performance and flux pinning mechanism of pulsed laser deposition grown BaSnO3/GdBa2Cu3O7–δ nanocomposite coated conductors by SuperOx
Authors: Lao M , Willa R , Meledin A , Rijckaert H , Chepikov V , Lee S , Petrykin V , Van Driessche I , Molodyk A , Holzapfel B , Hänisch J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We investigate the field, angle and temperature dependence of the full-width critical current, I
c, of pulsed laser deposition-grown GdBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors with and without additional 6 mol% BaSnO3 (BSO) nanoparticles fabricated by SuperOx. The transport characteristics measured from 7 to 77 K and in applied magnetic fields of up to 6 T are complemented by scanning transmission electron microscopy. This combined approach allows for further insight into the vortex pinning mechanism and helps with understanding the enhancement in I
c. An exemplary scaling of the pinning force curves versus field at different temperatures confirms the additional contribution to pinning by the BSO nanoparticles. Through the temperature dependence of I
c, the weak and strong pinning contributions are determined: strong pinning dominates over almost the entire temperature range especially near the matching field of 1 T, where the largest enhancement in I
c is achieved.
Complexity analysis of sustainable peace: mathematical models and data science measurements
Authors: Liebovitch L S , Coleman P T , Bechhofer A , Colon C , Donahue J , Eisenbach C , Guzmán-Vargas L , Jacobs D , Khan A , Li C , Maksumov D , Mucia J , Persaud M , Salimi M , Schweiger L , Wang Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Peace is not merely the absence of war and violence, rather ‘positive peace’ is the political, economic, and social systems that generate and sustain peaceful societies. Our international and multidisciplinary group is using physics inspired complex systems analysis methods to understand the factors and their interactions that together support and maintain peace. We developed causal loop diagrams and from them ordinary differential equation models of the system needed for sustainable peace. We then used that mathematical model to determine the attractors in the system, the dynamics of the approach to those attractors, and the factors and connections that play the most important role in determining the final state of the system. We used data science (‘big data’) methods to measure quantitative values of the peace factors from structured and unstructured (social media) data. We also developed a graphical user interface for the mathematical model so that social scientists or policy makers, can by themselves, explore the effects of changing the variables and parameters in these systems. These results demonstrate that complex systems analysis methods, previously developed and applied to physical and biological systems, can also be productively applied to analyze social systems such as those needed for sustainable peace.
New physics search in the doubly weak decay

*
Authors: Bhutta Faisal Munir , Li Ying , Lü Cai-Dian , Xie Yue-Hong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The doubly weak transition

is highly suppressed in the Standard Model, which makes it a potential channel for exploring new physics signals. We present a study of the exclusive two-body wrong sign weak decay

, which belongs to this class, in the perturbative QCD framework. We perform a model independent analysis for various effective dimension-6 operators for which large effects are possible. We further analyze the considered process in the Randall-Sundrum model, including the custodially protected and the bulk-Higgs Randall-Sundrum models. Exploring the experimentally favored parameter space of these models leads to a large and significant enhancement of the decay rate compared to the Standard Model, which might be accessible in future experiments. We propose to search for the wrong sign decay

via flavor-tagged time-dependent analyses, which can be performed at LHCb and Belle-II.
S-wave contributions to

in the perturbative QCD framework *
Authors: Xing Ye , Xing Zhi-Peng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

is induced by the

/

transitions, which can interfere if a CP-eigenstate

is formed. The interference contribution is sensitive to the CKM angle

. In this work, we study the S-wave

contributions to the process in the perturbative QCD factorization. In the factorization framework, we adopt two-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes, whose normalization is parametrized by the S-wave time-like two-pion form factor with resonance contributions from

,

. We find that the branching ratio of

is of the order of

, and that significant interference exists in

. Future measurement could not only provide useful constraints on the CKM angle

, but would also be helpful for exploring the multi-body decay mechanism of heavy mesons.
Cross-section prediction for isotopes near neutron drip line in 70, 80Zn projectile fragmentation reactions *
Authors: Wei Hui-Ling , Song Yi-Dan , Ma Chun-Wang , Li Zhi-Hong , Su Jun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The cross sections for 59, 60Ca, recently measured in the 345 A MeV

reaction, were estimated using the FRACS parametrization and an empirical formula, which are in good agreement. The FRACS parametrization and the empirical formula are combined to predict the cross sections for extreme calcium isotopes

in the

reactions at the incident energies of 60, 80, and 345 A MeV. The dependence of emperical formula parameters on the reaction system, as well as the incident energy, are discussed. The results indicate that

can be discovered in reactions of 60, 80 A MeV

. The predicted binding energy for extreme neutron-rich isotopes by the spherical relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory was adopted in the calculation. Hence, the planned Beijing Isotope-Separation-On Line Neutron-Rich Beam Facility (BISOL), which is a third generation radioactive ion beam facility, could provide the opportunity to discover

and neighboring neutron-drip line nuclei.
Mass predictions of the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov model with radial basis function approach *
Authors: Shi Min , Niu Zhong-Ming , Liang Hao-Zhao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe radial basis function (RBF) approach is a powerful tool to improve nuclear mass predictions. By combining the RBF approach with the latest relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) model, the local systematic deviations between the RCHB mass predictions and the experimental data are eliminated, and the root-mean-square (rms) mass deviation is significantly reduced from 7.923 MeV to 0.386 MeV. However, systematic deviations between the RBF improved mass predictions and the experimental data remain for nuclei with four different odd-even parities, i.e. (evenZ, evenN), (evenZ, oddN), (oddZ, evenN), and (oddZ, oddN). They can be reduced by separately training RBF for the four groups of nuclei, and the resulting rms deviation decreases to 0.229 MeV. It is found that the RBF approach can describe the deformation effects neglected in the present RCHB mass calculations, and also improves the description of the shell effect and the pairing effect.
A close look at the competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei *
Authors: Pan Feng , Zhou Dan , Yang Siyu , Sargsyan Grigor , He Yingwen , Launey Kristina D. , Draayer Jerry P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei is analyzed in the framework of the mean-field plus the dynamic quadurpole-quadurpole, pairing and particle-hole interactions, whose Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the basis

in the L = 0 configuration subspace. Besides the pairing interaction, it is observed that the quadurpole-quadurpole and particle-hole interactions also play a significant role in determining the relative positions of low-lying excited 0+ and 1+ levels and their energy gaps, which can result in the ground state first-order quantum phase transition from J = 0 to J = 1. The strengths of the isovector and isoscalar pairing interactions in these even-even nuclei are estimated with respect to the energy gap and the total contribution to the binding energy. Most importantly, it is shown that although the mechanism of the particle-hole contribution to the binding energy is different, it is indirectly related to the Wigner term in the binding energy.
Non-parametric reconstruction of dark energy and cosmic expansion from the Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae *
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Li Xin , Tang Li 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The equation of state (EoS) of dark energy plays an important role in the evolution of the universe and has attracted considerable interest in the recent years. With the progress in observational technique, a precise constraint on the EoS of dark energy can be obtained. In this study, we reconstruct the EoS of dark energy and cosmic expansion using Gaussian processes (GP) from the most up-to-date Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), which consists of 1048 finely calibrated SNe Ia. The reconstructed EoS of dark energy has a large uncertainty owing to its dependence on the second-order derivative of the construction. Adding the direct measurements of Hubble parameters

as an additional constraint on the first-order derivative can partially reduce the uncertainty; however, it is still not sufficiently precise to distinguish between the evolving and the constant dark energy. Moreover, the results heavily rely on the prior of the Hubble constant

. The

value inferred from SNe+

without prior is

. Moreover, the matter density

has a non-negligible effect on the reconstruction of dark energy. Therefore, more accurate determinations on

and

are required to tightly constrain the EoS of dark energy.
Validation of the fisheye camera method for spatial non-uniformity corrections in luminous flux measurements with integrating spheres
Authors: Kokka Alexander , Pulli Tomi , Ferrero Alejandro , Dekker Paul , Thorseth Anders , Kliment Petr , Klej Adam , Gerloff Thorsten , Ludwig Klaus , Poikonen Tuomas , Ikonen Erkki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the fisheye camera method is validated for spatial non-uniformity corrections in luminous flux measurements with integrating spheres. The method was tested in eight integrating spheres with six LED lamps, and the determined angular intensity distributions and spatial non-uniformity correction factors were compared with the results of five goniophotometers. The average closeness score, describing the similarity between any two distributions, was 94.6 out of 100 for the distributions obtained using the fisheye camera method when compared with the goniophotometric results. The average closeness score for the five goniophotometers, when each goniophotometer was compared with the other four, was

. On average, the relative deviation between the two methods was 0.05% when calculating the spatial corrections. The most significant sources of uncertainty for the fisheye camera method were large, view-obstructing sphere elements residing close to the camera port.