bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototype reproducibility and relation to objectively measured skin sensitivity is best when burn and tan reactivity to sun are answered separately
Authors: Bieliauskiene Giedre , Philipsen Peter A. , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackground/purposeSkin phototype questionnaires usually ask similar questions, but they differ in how the answers can be given. There is either one combined answer, which includes both tendency to burn and ability to tan, or 2 separate answers about burn and tan, respectively. We tested the reproducibility of different questionnaires and their relation to objectively measured skin phototype.MethodA total of 149 participants completed 3 skin phototype questionnaires distributed twice with median 3 months interval: (i) a Fitzpatrick questionnaire (FST‐q) with combined answers about tendency to burn and ability to tan, (ii) a detailed questionnaire (Detail‐q) with separate answers to 2 detailed questions about burn and tan and (iii) a short questionnaire (Short‐q) with separate answers to 2 simplified questions about burn and tan. Objective skin phototype measurements were performed by measuring pigment protection factor (PPF) by spectrophotometry.ResultsGood‐to‐very‐good reproducibility for all phototype questionnaires was shown by weighted kappa (κw) values: κw = .65 for the FST‐q with combined (burn and tan) answers; κw = .64 for tendency to burn and κw = .68 for ability to tan for the Detail‐q; and κw = .72 for tendency to burn and κw = .85 for ability to tan for the Short‐q. PPF at all measurement sites was best predicted by the Detail‐q (highest r2 = 0.285 on the outer arm), followed by the Short‐q and by the FST‐q.ConclusionThe detailed questionnaire with separate answers to 2 detailed questions about tendency to burn and ability to tan has good reproducibility, correlates best with objective skin measurements and is therefore the recommended method for determining skin phototype.
Sun protection behavior and knowledge of patients attending laser clinic to prevent adverse events of laser: A cross‐sectional, single‐center, tertiary care study
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Lueangarun Suparuj , Chatproedprai Susheera , Panchaprateep Ratchathorn , Pongprutthipan Marisa , Wananukul Siriwan 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundLimited data of sun protection knowledge in laser treatment patients exists therefore, preventative information should be provided by dermatologists to minimize harmful effects.ObjectiveTo assess sun protection knowledge‐behavior and knowledge to prevent adverse events from laser therapy among patients who visited a laser clinic at a tertiary university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.MethodsThis is a self‐reported questionnaire, cross‐sectional survey. All participants from the Laser Clinic in KCMH were recruited into the study.ResultsA Total of 385 patients were enrolled into the study; 80.5% female participants. Patients who never received laser treatment significantly lacked proper sun protection knowledge to prevent adverse events of lasers when compared to those who previous received laser treatments regarding the application of sunscreen after laser treatment (56.6% vs 17.4%, P < .001), consistent application of sunscreen 4‐6 weeks prior to receiving laser treatment (60.5% vs 18.9%, P < .001), application of topical corticosteroid after laser (67.1% vs 54.1%, P = .048), and sun protection in the post laser area (41.9% vs 20.4%, P < .001).ConclusionThe attitude and knowledge of sun protection to prevent adverse events were significantly different among the group of educational levels and previous history of laser treatment.
Proposal for a new nomenclature for CYP51 haplotypes in Zymoseptoria tritici and analysis of their distribution in Europe
Authors: Huf A. , Rehfus A. , Lorenz K. H. , Bryson R. , Voegele R. T. , Stammler G. 
Published: June 2018

Zymoseptoria tritici causes septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. C‐14 demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) belong to the most relevant fungicides in the control of STB. Intensive and long‐lasting exposure to DMIs has led to an adaptation of Z. tritici towards these fungicides. The most important mechanism leading to reduced DMI sensitivity is based on the accumulation of mutations in the CYP51 gene. Different attempts have been made to describe CYP51 haplotypes in the past. However, due to the ongoing evolution of CYP51, a new nomenclature has become necessary. This study has developed such a new nomenclature and used it to adequately describe 33 different CYP51 haplotypes found in a collection of 331 isolates across Europe in 2016. Nine of these haplotypes were found to represent 85% of all isolates, and have a heterogeneous distribution across Europe. Haplotypes carrying the substitution S524T, which is associated with a decreased sensitivity of Z. tritici to all DMIs, were only found at frequencies of around 5%. These haplotypes were mostly identified in Ireland and the UK and at lower frequencies in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and France. In vitro studies using epoxiconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio revealed similar trends of the nine most frequent haplotypes with respect to their sensitivity towards these compounds. The data here confirm the ongoing evolution of CYP51 in the European population of Z. tritici and helps to establish a new, easy‐to‐apply nomenclature to support future descriptions of CYP51 haplotype development and evolution.
Breast milk transmission of flaviviruses in the context of Zika virus: A systematic review
Authors: Mann Taylor Z. , Haddad Lisa B. , Williams Tonya R. , Hills Susan L. , Read Jennifer S. , Dee Deborah L. , Dziuban Eric J. , Pérez‐Padilla Janice , Jamieson Denise J. , Honein Margaret A. , Shapiro‐Mendoza Carrie K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSince the Zika virus epidemic in the Americas began in 2015, Zika virus transmission has occurred throughout the Americas. However, limited information exists regarding possible risks of transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses through breast feeding and human milk. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence regarding flaviviruses detection in and transmission through milk, specifically regarding Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus.MethodsMedline, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Popline, Virtual Health Library, and WorldCat were searched through June 2017. Two authors independently screened potential studies for inclusion and extracted data. Human and nonhuman (animal) studies describing: 1) confirmed or suspected cases of mother‐to‐child transmission through milk; or 2) the presence of flavivirus genomic material in milk.ResultsSeventeen studies were included, four animal models and thirteen observational studies. Dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus viral ribonucleic acid was detected in human milk, including infectious Zika virus and dengue virus viral particles. Human breast‐feeding transmission was confirmed for only yellow fever virus. There was evidence of milk‐related transmission of dengue virus, Powassan virus, and West Nile virus in animal studies.ConclusionsBecause the health advantages of breast feeding are considered greater than the potential risk of transmission, the World Health Organization recommends that mothers with possible or confirmed Zika virus infection or exposure continue to breast feed. This review did not identify any data that might alter this recommendation.
Head circumference at birth and childhood developmental disorders in a nationwide cohort in Denmark
Authors: Aagaard Kristina , Bach Cathrine Carlsen , Henriksen Tine Brink , Larsen René Tidemand , Matthiesen Niels Bjerregård 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarly markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may improve the understanding and early recognition of these disorders. We aimed to estimate the association between head circumference at birth, a measure of cerebral size at birth, and the risk of ADHD and ASD.MethodsWe present a register‐based cohort study of all Danish singletons born alive between 1997 and 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses. Sibling‐matched analyses were performed to account for unmeasured confounding shared by siblings.ResultsThe analyses included 986 909 new‐borns. Compared to normocephalic children, microcephaly was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12, 1.32). Macrocephaly was associated with a decreased risk of ADHD (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 0.99). Neither microcephaly nor macrocephaly were associated with ASD (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94, 1.19 and 1.03, 95% CI 0.90, 1.19). The largest difference was found within the normocephalic children. A head circumference at the lower limit of normocephaly compared to a head circumference at the upper limit was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.43, 1.63). The sibling analyses confirmed the increased risk of ADHD with decreasing head circumference in the normocephalic children. No other clear associations were present in the sibling analyses.ConclusionsWithin normocephalic children, smaller head circumference at birth was associated with a higher risk of ADHD. Restricted foetal brain growth may be a risk factor for the development of ADHD but not ASD.
Prevalence of Zika Virus (Zikv) in blood donors from a hemotherapy service of the southern region of Brazil
Authors: Diefenbach C. F. , Slavov S. N. , Kashima S. , Ferreira A. R. , Hespanhol M. R. , Bandeira B. S. , Vizzotto B. S. , Krause L. M. F. , Martins J. S. 
Published: June 2018

Background and objectivesZika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitos. A discussed transmission route is by blood transfusion due to the large number of ZIKV asymptomatic cases. The objective of the study was to estimate the ZIKV IgG seroprevalence and RNA presence in blood donors from a Hemotherapy Service in Southern Brazil due to the fact that until the end of 2016, 851 ZIKV suspected cases, 51.2% of which were with autochthons transmission were reported in this Brazilian region.Materials and methodsFive hundred blood samples were collected from blood donors between 5 December 2016 and 6 January 2017 in the Hemotherapy Service of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All samples were tested for the presence of ZIKV RNA by the use of TaqMan® real‐time PCR and 182 of these were serologically assessed for ZIKV IgG.ResultsNo samples showed positive results for ZIKV RNA. However, the serological survey detected one positive sample for ZIKV IgG and four samples with optical density values in the grey zone (consequently three of them confirmed as Dengue IgG‐positive). This indicates a 0.55% seroprevalence of ZIKV IgG among volunteer blood donors in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that although the transfusion risk of ZIKV in the south part of the country can be currently considered as low, further outbreaks cannot be excluded due to lack of herd immunity to ZIKV. Our study adds to the national and global prevalence of ZIKV among blood donors and its implications for the transfusion safety.
Genetic analysis of Turkish martens: Do two species of the genus Martes occur in Anatolia?
Authors: İbiş Osman , Koepfli Klaus‐Peter , Özcan Servet , Tez Coşkun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStone marten (Martes foina) and European pine marten (M. martes) occur in western Eurasia. Current distributions of martens within Turkey and phylogenetic relationships among the Turkish and other populations of the two species within Eurasia remain relatively unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine genetic diversity within Martes populations inhabiting Turkey and to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among the Turkish and conspecific populations of the two marten species, using mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) sequences. Twenty‐four (24) haplotypes were identified among 86 marten samples collected across Turkey, including 23 novel haplotypes. Genetic distances among the Turkish haplotypes ranged from 0.1% to 0.8%, with an average of 0.3%. The 24 Turkish haplotypes were analysed together with those of conspecific populations deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic (Bayesian Inference, maximum likelihood, neighbor‐joining) and network analyses revealed that all of the Turkish samples belonged to M. foina and that samples of M. martes were not encountered. Haplotypes of M. foina were divided into five haplogroups. The haplogroup including the two Chinese samples differed markedly from other the haplogroups. The remaining haplogroups contained samples from both the Turkish and European populations. We found that there was a genetically close relationship between the Turkish and the European stone marten populations. As a result of this study, M. martes may not be distributed in the Anatolian part of Turkey, possibly due to a barrier effect of two straits (Dardanelles and Bosporus) and the Caucasus Mountains. On the other hand, M. foina is distributed in both the Anatolian and Thracian parts of Turkey. Our results suggest that Turkey was likely one of the refuges for M. foina during Pleistocene glacial periods and is one of the centres of distribution of stone marten for Europe and the surrounding regions.
Increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in offspring born from dams of advanced maternal age
Authors: Cooke Christy‐Lynn M. , Shah Amin , Kirschenman Raven D. , Quon Anita L. , Morton Jude S. , Care Alison S. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: June 2018

Key points
Advanced maternal age increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, hypertension and premature birth.
Offspring born from compromised pregnancies are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease as adults. However, the effect of advanced maternal age on later‐onset disease in offspring has not been investigated.
In adulthood, male but not female offspring born to dams of advanced maternal age showed impaired recovery from cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
Endothelium‐dependent relaxation was also impaired in male but not female offspring born from aged dams.
Oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease in this model.
Given the increasing trend toward delayed parenthood, these findings have significant population and health care implications and warrant further investigation.
AbstractExposure to prenatal stressors, including hypoxia, micro‐ and macronutrient deficiency, and maternal stress, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. It is unclear whether being born from a mother of advanced maternal age (≥35 years old) may also constitute a prenatal stress with cardiovascular consequences in adulthood. We previously demonstrated growth restriction in fetuses from a rat model of advanced maternal age, suggesting exposure to a compromised in utero environment. Thus, we hypothesized that male and female offspring from aged dams would exhibit impaired cardiovascular function as adults. In 4‐month‐old offspring, we observed impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxation in male (P < 0.05) but not female offspring born from aged dams. The anti‐oxidant polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase improved relaxation only in arteries from male offspring of aged dams (ΔEmax: young dam –1.63 ± 0.80 vs. aged dam 11.75 ± 4.23, P < 0.05). Furthermore, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization‐dependent relaxation was reduced in male but not female offspring of aged dams (P < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a significant increase in nitric oxide contribution to relaxation in females born from aged dams (ΔEmax: young dam –24.8 ± 12.1 vs. aged dam –68.7 ± 7.7, P < 0.05), which was not observed in males. Recovery of cardiac function following an ischaemia‐reperfusion insult in male offspring born from aged dams was reduced by ∼57% (P < 0.001), an effect that was not evident in female offspring. These data indicate that offspring born from aged dams have an altered cardiovascular risk profile that is sex‐specific. Given the increasing trend toward delaying pregnancy, these findings may have significant population and health care implications and warrant further investigation.
Effects of ketamine on the fetal transcriptomic response to umbilical cord occlusion: comparison with hypoxic hypoxia in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Zarate Miguel A. , Chang Eileen I. , Wood Charles E. 
Published: June 2018

Key points
The cerebral response to fetal asphyxia is characterized by an upregulation of nucleic acid and chromatin modification processes, as well as a downregulation of metabolic processes at 1 h post‐umbilical cord occlusion (UCO).
Twenty‐four hours post UCO, there was an upregulation of metabolic processes and protein modifications.
UCO did not alter bacterial gene expression levels, nor did it produce a robust inflammatory response compared to maternal hypoxia.
The administration of ketamine produced minimal effects on the fetal response to UCO in the cerebral cortex.
AbstractUmbilical cord occlusion (UCO) is known to cause neurological disorders in the neonate. Previously, we have reported that hypoxic hypoxia (HH) stimulates the appearance of bacteria in the fetal brain and upregulates the expression of inflammatory markers in fetal cerebral cortex (CTX) and also that ketamine attenuates these responses. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that UCO, similar to HH, produces an inflammatory response in the fetal CTX and also that treatment with ketamine reduces these effects. In chronically instrumented fetal sheep (∼125 days), 30 min of partial UCO decreased fetal levels by ∼50%. Half of the fetuses received ketamine (3 mg kg–1) 10 min prior to UCO (n = 4 per group). Fetal brains were collected 1 and 24 h after the experiment and mRNA was extracted and hybridized for microarray analyses. Differentially‐expressed genes were analysed for significant association with gene ontologies and pathways. After 1 h, UCO upregulated nucleic acid processing and chromatin modification and downregulated metabolic processes compared to control. After 24 h, UCO upregulated metabolic and protein modification processes. Ketamine produced minimal effects. UCO did not alter the abundance of bacterial DNA in fetal brain, nor did it upregulate inflammation pathways compared to HH. We conclude that UCO produced time‐dependent responses that did not include bacterial invasion or upregulation of inflammation pathways in fetal CTX. This contrasts with the response to HH, which resulted in the appearance of bacteria in the CTX and upregulated inflammation pathways. These responses in fetal CTX to oxygen deprivation are therefore modified by the maternal or placental response to the stimulus.
Breath‐holding as a means to estimate the loop gain contribution to obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Messineo Ludovico , Taranto‐Montemurro Luigi , Azarbarzin Ali , Oliveira Marques Melania D. , Calianese Nicole , White David P. , Wellman Andrew , Sands Scott A. 
Published: June 2018

Key points
A hypersensitive ventilatory control system or elevated “loop gain” during sleep is a primary phenotypic trait causing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Despite the multitude of methods available to assess the anatomical contributions to OSA during wakefulness in the clinical setting (e.g. neck circumference, pharyngometry, Mallampati score), it is currently not possible to recognize elevated loop gain in patients in this context.
Loop gain during sleep can now be recognized using simplified testing during wakefulness, specifically in the form of a reduced maximal breath‐hold duration, or a larger ventilatory response to voluntary 20‐second breath‐holds.
We consider that easy breath‐holding manoeuvres will enable daytime recognition of a high loop gain in OSA for more personalized intervention.
AbstractIncreased “loop gain” of the ventilatory control system promotes obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in some patients and offers an avenue for more personalized treatment, yet diagnostic tools for directly measuring loop gain in the clinical setting are lacking. Here we test the hypothesis that elevated loop gain during sleep can be recognized using voluntary breath‐hold manoeuvres during wakefulness. Twenty individuals (10 OSA, 10 controls) participated in a single overnight study with voluntary breath‐holding manoeuvres performed during wakefulness. We assessed (1) maximal breath‐hold duration, and (2) the ventilatory response to 20 s breath‐holds. For comparison, gold standard loop gain values were obtained during non‐rapid eye movement (non‐REM) sleep using the ventilatory response to 20 s pulses of hypoxic–hypercapnic gas (6% CO2–14% O2, mimicking apnoea). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used to maintain airway patency during sleep. Additional measurements included gold standard loop gain measurement during wakefulness and steady‐state loop gain measurement during sleep using CPAP dial‐ups. Higher loop gain during sleep was associated with (1) a shorter maximal breath‐hold duration (r2 = 0.49, P < 0.001), and (2) a larger ventilatory response to 20 s breath‐holds during wakefulness (second breath; r2 = 0.50, P < 0.001); together these factors combine to predict high loop gain (receiver operating characteristic area‐under‐curve: 92%). Gold standard loop gain values were remarkably similar during wake and non‐REM sleep. The results show that elevated loop gain during sleep can be identified using simple breath‐holding manoeuvres performed during wakefulness. This may have implications for personalizing OSA treatment.
Quality improvement initiative to reduce adverse effects associated with parenteral nutrition overfeeding
Authors: Franck Andrew J 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveParenteral nutrition (PN) overfeeding is a potential risk factor in the development of infections and other complications including hyperglycaemia, refeeding syndrome and liver dysfunction. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement initiative to reduce PN overfeeding.DesignRetrospective cohort study of a quality improvement initiative.SettingA health system comprised of two US Department of Veterans Affairs medical centres.PatientsPatients receiving PN.InterventionsMethods to reduce overfeeding included the use of standardised PN products with lower dextrose to amino acid ratios, reduced use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), and use of adjusted body weights or guideline-recommended predictive equations for energy requirements.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the doses of kilocalories, amino acids and ILE in each cohort. The proportions of patients developing complications before and after the intervention were evaluated.ResultsThe mean maximum total daily kilocalorie dose was 30.2 kcal/kg/day in the preintervention group (n=86) vs 23.4 kcal/kg/day in the postintervention group (n=62) (p<0.001). More patients in the postintervention group received reduced ILE during the first week of PN therapy compared with the preintervention group (p<0.001). The mean maximum total daily amino acid dose in each group was not significantly different. Significantly fewer cases of central line-associated bloodstream infections, hyperglycaemia and liver dysfunction were observed in the postintervention group.ConclusionsA quality improvement initiative to reduce PN overfeeding was effective in reducing kilocalorie and ILE doses while maintaining similar amino acid doses. Observed complications were reduced following the intervention.