bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships
Authors: Ryan Peter G. , Dilley Ben J. , Ronconi Robert A. , Connan Maëlle 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Many oceanic islands suffer high levels of stranded debris, particularly those near subtropical gyres where floating debris accumulates. During the last 3 decades, plastic drink bottles have shown the fastest growth rate of all debris types on remote Inaccessible Island. During the 1980s, most bottles drifted to the island from South America, carried 3,000 km by the west wind drift. Currently, 75% of bottles are from Asia, with most from China. The recent manufacture dates indicate that few bottles could have drifted from Asia, and presumably are dumped from ships, in contravention of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships regulations. Our results question the widely held assumption that most plastic debris at sea comes from land-based sources.
Great apes use self-experience to anticipate an agent’s action in a false-belief test
Authors: Kano Fumihiro , Krupenye Christopher , Hirata Satoshi , Tomonaga Masaki , Call Josep 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Many unique features of human communication, cooperation, and culture depend on theory of mind, the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. But is theory of mind uniquely human? Nonhuman animals, such as humans’ closest ape relatives, have succeeded in some theory-of-mind tasks; however, it remains disputed whether they do so by reading others’ minds or their behavior. Here, we challenged this behavior-rule account using a version of the goggles test, incorporated into an established anticipatory-looking false-belief task with apes. We provide evidence that, in the absence of behavioral cues, apes consulted their own past experience of seeing or not seeing through a novel barrier to determine whether an agent could see through the same barrier.
An experimental test of the ovulatory homolog model of female orgasm
Authors: Pavlicev Mihaela , Zupan Andreja Moset , Barry Amanda , Walters Savannah , Milano Kristin M. , Kliman Harvey J. , Wagner Günter P. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceThe existence of female orgasm is intriguing for 2 reasons: On the one hand, female orgasm is not necessary for female reproductive success, and on the other hand, this neuro-endocrine reflex is too complex to be an evolutionary accident. This led to many proposed evolutionary explanations, most of which have little empirical support. We previously proposed that female orgasm uses a mechanism that originated for inducing ovulation during copulation: A mechanism that still exists in many animals but lost its role in others. Here we provide experimental evidence, strengthening the likelihood that female orgasm evolved from copulation-induced ovulation. This finding helps interpreting otherwise difficult to explain aspects of female sexuality, such as the low rate of female orgasm during intercourse.
Isolation methods of high glycosidase-producing mutants of Aspergillus luchuensis and its mutated genes
Authors: Tomimoto Kazuya , Osafune Yukio , Kakizono Dararat , Han Jinshun , Mukai Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
High glycosidase-producing strains of Aspergillus luchuensis were isolated from 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) resistant mutants. α-Amylase, exo-α-1,4-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activity in the mutants was ~3, ~2, ~4 and ~2.5 times higher than the parental strain RIB2604 on koji-making conditions, respectively. Citric acid production and mycelia growth of the mutants, however, approximately halved to that of the parent. Compared to the parent, the alcohol yield from rice and sweet potato shochu mash of the mutant increased ~5.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The mutant strains showed significantly low glucose assimilability despite the fructose one was almost normal, and they had a single missense or nonsense mutation in the glucokinase gene glkA. The recombinant strain that was introduced at one of the mutations, glkA Q300K, demonstrated similar but not identical phenotypes to the mutant strain. This result indicates that glkA Q300K is one of the major mutations in 2-DG resistant strains.
Trapping of C2
− in a digital ion trap
Authors: Hinterberger Alexander , Gerber Sebastian , Oswald Emanuel , Zimmer Christan , Fesel Julian , Doser Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article we present the production of a pulsed molecular C2
− beam and the subsequent trapping of C2
− in a digital ion trap (DIT). The anionic molecules were produced in a pulsed discharge valve from acetylene and carbon dioxide gas in a helium carrier. The mass spectrum of the pulsed anion beam is initially recorded using a Wien filter. Subsequently, we measured the mass spectrum using the DIT and its stability diagram. The results are compared to a theoretical description of the trap’s stability conditions. The research is relevant for future laser cooling experiments of trapped C2
− and for sympathetic cooling experiments of other anionic species (antiprotons, electrons, anionic atoms and molecules) and are of interest for precision experiments on antihydrogen as performed at the antiproton decelerator facility at CERN.
Manipulating birefringence in AgCl thin film loaded by silver nanoparticles under normal and oblique incident angles
Authors: Jazi Shadi Safaei , Talebi Razieh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have induced anisotropy in AgCl thin film, which is loaded by silver nanoparticles, by irradiating a single low power laser beam at wavelength 532 nm. The induced anisotropy in Ag–AgCl thin film is due to the formation of gratings in the direction of light polarization for both normal and oblique angles of laser incidence. In Ag–AgCl thin film, which was irradiated by oblique laser beam, complex grating with different line-spaces is formed. It turns out that the line-spaces of the grating depend on the incident angle. Therefore, by changing the incident angle of the laser beam, the morphology and optical properties of anisotropic nanostructures formed on Ag–AgCl thin film can be manipulated. Linear birefringence and linear dichroism are measured in these nanostructures by probe beams at different wavelengths in the visible region. Our results show that the sample which is irradiated normally has the largest linear birefringence and linear dichroism compared to the oblique incident samples. In the normal incident sample, the maximum value of linear birefringence is seen at wavelength 632.8 nm (Δn  =  0.35), while the largest absolute value of linear dichroism is observed at wavelength 532 nm, which is the same wavelength as the incident laser beam.
A compact system for intraoperative specimen imaging based on edge illumination x-ray phase contrast
Authors: Havariyoun Glafkos , Vittoria Fabio A , Hagen Charlotte K , Basta Dario , Kallon Gibril K , Endrizzi Marco , Massimi Lorenzo , Munro Peter , Hawker Sam , Smit Bennie , Astolfo Alberto , Larkin Oliver J , Waltham Richard M , Shah Zoheb , Duffy Stephen W , Nelan Rachel L , Peel Anthony , Suaris Tamara , Jones J Louise , Haig Ian G , Bate David , Olivo Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A significant number of patients receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may need reoperation following tumor-positive margins from final histopathology tests. All current intraoperative margin assessment modalities have specific limitations. As a first step towards the development of a compact system for intraoperative specimen imaging based on edge illumination x-ray phase contrast, we prove that the system’s dimensions can be reduced without affecting imaging performance.
We analysed the variation in noise and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) with decreasing system length using the edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging setup. Two-(planar) and three-(computed tomography (CT)) dimensional imaging acquisitions of custom phantoms and a breast tissue specimen were made. Dedicated phase retrieval algorithms were used to separate refraction and absorption signals. A ‘single-shot’ retrieval method was also used, to retrieve thickness map images, due to its simple acquisition procedure and reduced acquisition times. Experimental results were compared to numerical simulations where appropriate.
The relative contribution of dark noise signal in integrating detectors is significant for low photon count statistics acquisitions. Under constant exposure factors and magnification, a more compact system provides an increase in CNR. Superior CNR results were obtained for refraction and thickness map images when compared to absorption images. Results indicate that the ‘single-shot’ acquisition method is preferable for a compact CT intraoperative specimen scanner; it allows for shorter acquisition times and its combination of the absorption and refraction signals ultimately leads to a higher contrast. The first CT images of a breast specimen acquired with the compact system provided promising results when compared to those of the longer length system.
Thermal spin photonics in the near-field of nonreciprocal media
Authors: Khandekar Chinmay , Jacob Zubin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The interplay of spin angular momentum and thermal radiation is a frontier area of interest to nanophotonics as well as topological physics. Here, we show that a thick planar slab of a nonreciprocal material, despite being at thermal equilibrium with its environment, can exhibit nonzero photon spin angular momentum and nonzero radiative heat flux in its vicinity. We identify them as the persistent thermal photon spin and the persistent planar heat current respectively. With a practical example system, we reveal that the fundamental origin of these phenomena is connected to the spin-momentum locking of thermally excited evanescent waves. We also discover spin magnetic moment of surface polaritons that further clarifies these features. We then propose an imaging experiment based on Brownian motion that allows one to witness these surprising features by directly looking at them using a lab microscope. We further demonstrate the universal behavior of these near-field thermal radiation phenomena through a comprehensive analysis of gyroelectric, gyromagnetic and magneto-electric nonreciprocal materials. Together, these results expose a surprisingly little explored research area of thermal spin photonics with prospects for new avenues related to non-Hermitian topological photonics and radiative heat transport.
Silicon-doped indium oxide – a promising amorphous oxide semiconductor material for thin-film transistor fabricated by spin coating method
Authors: Hoang Ha , Sasaki Kazutaka , Hori Tatsuki , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Nabatame Toshihide , Quoc Trinh Bui Nguyen , Fujiwara Akihiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Silicon-doped indium oxide (In-Si-O or ISO) has been investigated as the channel material of thin-film transistor (TFT) for the application of next generation flat panel displays. Because solution processing is simple, low cost and low power consumption in comparison with physical vapour deposition, it is a potential candidate for TFTs fabrication. We have been exploring research on TFT using ISO system via spin coating method. In this work, the performance of 3 at.% Si-doped indium oxide TFT has been improved with the highest mobility of 3.8 cm2/Vs without the passivation layer.
Mechanical strength of natural rubber filled fly ash
Authors: Dasaesamoh A , Osotchan T , Subannajui K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this present work, Fly ash was incorporated into natural rubber to form a natural rubber composite. The natural rubber composite was prepared by solution mixing method at the constant amount of fly ash at 80 phr. The fly ash particle was modified its surface by TESPT silane coupling agent before mixing with natural rubber latex. The surface morphology of natural rubber composites were examined by SEM image. The vulcanization parameters were examined by MDR technique. The results show that modified fly ash affects to natural rubber compound by shorten the vulcanization time and increase maximum torque. The mechanical properties were investigated from stress-strain curve. It reveals that the surface modification of fly ash improves tensile strength of natural rubber by 6 times. The increasing of strength may attribute to the formation of polymer-fillers interaction through TESPT molecules.
Electrochemical determination of diethylstilbestrol by using a magnetic nanoparticle/graphene composite film electrode
Authors: Poo-arporn Yingyot , Pakapongpan Saithip , Poo-arporn Rungtiva P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The magnetic nanoparticle-graphene modified magnetic carbon electrode (MCE) was fabricated and the electrochemical effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on this electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The factors that affected the performance of the sensor were also optimized. The experimental results exhibited good electrocatalytic activity and a fast response for the electrochemical oxidation of DES. The linear range for the determination of diethylstilbestrol was 1 to 100 μM and the detection limits were 1.06 × 10−7 M based on S/N = 3.
Oxalate precipitation synthesis of copper-manganese nanoparticles for methanol steam reforming
Authors: Edañol Y D G , Barbosa R L , Buenviaje S C , Payawan L M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
CuMn spinel nanoparticles were prepared using the oxalate precipitation synthesis technique using nitrate salts as precursors. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and field emission – scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The mixed oxalate precursor, CuMn*C2O4, was found to be single-phase and crystalline compound. H2-assisted temperature-programmed decomposition of the mixed oxalates yielded Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel nanoparticles with CuO present in very minute amounts. FE-SEM analysis of the Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel showed a spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. The average size of the Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel nanoparticles was 11.512 nm. Thus, the nano-sized Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel nanoparticles can be used as catalysts for the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction.
Photo-oxidation of an organosulfur for photo-charging of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shingu Hiroyuki , Uemachi Hiroshi , Fujiwara Akihiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polymers of organosulfur with S-S bonds are potential cathode materials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries, and the photo-oxidation of organosulfurs can be applied in the future to the photo-charging of batteries. Herein, we present the photo-oxidation of dithiobiuret (DTB), a simple organosulfur molecule with two neighbouring tautomeric thiol/thione groups (-SH/>C=S) that can form a disulfide (S-S) bond by reversible intramolecular oxidative cyclization. Aqueous solutions of DTB with different pH values were irradiated by visible light from a halogen lamp. Photo-oxidation was confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy, on comparison of the UV absorption spectra of DTB and chemically oxidized DTB. The rate of photo-oxidation depended on the pH of the DTB solution, and the highest photo-oxidation rate of ∼ 2.8 × 10−3 min.−1 was observed at a pH of ∼ 3.1.
Thyroid Incidentalomas in Association With Low-Dose Computed Tomography in the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Loomans-Kropp Holli A , Dunn Barbara K , Kramer Barnett S , Pinsky Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Advances in cancer screening methods have opened avenues for incidental findings and cancer overdiagnosis. We performed a secondary analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial (enrollment from 2002–2004), a randomized controlled trial comparing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT; n = 26,722) with chest radiography (CXR; n = 26,732) for lung cancer detection, to examine incidental findings related to thyroid cancer (ThCa). Three screening rounds were included, and median follow-up was 6.6 years for LDCT and 6.5 years for CXR. Radiologists reported lung and non-lung-related abnormalities. In the LDCT arm, 5.7%, 4.7%, and 4.5% of participants had abnormalities above the diaphragm (AADs) detected at baseline, year 1, and year 2, respectively, compared with 2.3%, 1.5%, and 1.3% in the CXR arm. In the LDCT arm, 205 AADs (7.0%) were thyroid-related. Overall, 60 ThCas were reported, 35 in the LDCT arm and 25 in the CXR arm (P = 0.2). In the LDCT arm, participants with a prior AAD had a 7.8-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval: 4.0, 15.1) of ThCa compared with those who did not have an AAD. Early and persistent excess of ThCas diagnosed earlier in the LDCT arm suggests overdiagnosis. The use of sensitive screening modalities for early detection of lung cancer might result in the discovery of thyroid incidentalomas.
Incidence of Initial Renal Replacement Therapy Over the Course of Kidney Disease in Children
Authors: Ng Derek K , Matheson Matthew B , Warady Bradley A , Mendley Susan R , Furth Susan L , Muñoz Alvaro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study, a prospective cohort study with data collected from 2003 to 2018, provided the first opportunity to characterize the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation over the life course of pediatric kidney diseases. In the current analysis, parametric generalized gamma models were fitted and extrapolated for RRT overall and by specific treatment modality (dialysis or preemptive kidney transplant). Children were stratified by type of diagnosis: nonglomerular (mostly congenital; n = 650), glomerular–hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS; n = 49), or glomerular–non-HUS (heterogeneous childhood onset; n = 216). Estimated durations of time to RRT after disease onset for 99% of the nonglomerular and glomerular–non-HUS groups were 42.5 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 31.0, 54.1) and 25.4 years (95% CI: 14.9, 36.0), respectively. Since onset for the great majority of children in the nonglomerular group was congenital, disease duration equated with age. A simulation-based estimate of age at RRT for 99% of the glomerular population was 37.9 years (95% CI: 33.6, 63.2). These models performed well in cross-validation. Children with glomerular disease received dialysis earlier and were less likely to have a preemptive kidney transplant, while the timing and proportions of dialysis and transplantation were similar for the nonglomerular group. These diagnosis-specific estimates provide insight into patient-centered prognostic information and can assist in RRT planning efforts for children with moderate-to-severe kidney disease who are receiving regular specialty care.
State School Policies as Predictors of Physical and Mental Health: A Natural Experiment in the REGARDS Cohort
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D , Manly Jennifer J , Murchland Audrey R , Nguyen Thu T , Liu Sze Y , Glymour M Maria , Levine Deborah A , Crowe Michael , Hohman Timothy J , Dufouil Carole , Launer Lenore J , Hedden Trey , Eng Chloe W , Wadley Virginia G , Howard Virginia J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe used differences in state school policies as natural experiments to evaluate the joint influence of educational quantity and quality on late-life physical and mental health. Using US Census microsample data, historical measures of state compulsory schooling and school quality (term length, student-teacher ratio, and attendance rates) were combined via regression modeling on a scale corresponding to years of education (policy-predicted years of education (PPYEd)). PPYEd values were linked to individual-level records for 8,920 black and 14,605 white participants aged ≥45 years in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (2003–2007). Linear and quantile regression models estimated the association between PPYEd and Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) from the Short Form Health Survey. We examined interactions by race and adjusted for sex, birth year, state of residence at age 6 years, and year of study enrollment. Higher PPYEd was associated with better median PCS (β = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 1.49) and possibly better median MCS (β = 0.46, 95% CI: –0.01, 0.94). Effect estimates were higher among black (vs. white) persons (PCS × race interaction, β = 0.22, 95% CI: –0.62, 1.05, and MCS × race interaction, β = 0.18; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.44). When incorporating both school quality and duration, this quasiexperimental analysis found mixed evidence for a causal effect of education on health decades later.
The Association Between Body Mass Index and Pancreatic Cancer: Variation by Age at Body Mass Index Assessment
Authors: Jacobs Eric J , Newton Christina C , Patel Alpa V , Stevens Victoria L , Islami Farhad , Flanders W Dana , Gapstur Susan M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigher body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) is associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer in epidemiologic studies. However, BMI has usually been assessed at older ages, potentially underestimating the full impact of excess weight. We examined the association between BMI and pancreatic cancer mortality among 963,317 adults who were aged 30–89 years at their enrollment in Cancer Prevention Study II in 1982. During follow-up through 2014, a total of 8,354 participants died of pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios per 5 BMI units, calculated using proportional hazards regression, declined steadily with age at BMI assessment, from 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.33) in persons aged 30–49 years at enrollment to 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.26) in those aged 70–89 years at enrollment (P for trend = 0.005). On the basis of a hazard ratio of 1.25 per 5 BMI units at age 45 years, we estimated that 28% of US pancreatic cancer deaths among persons born in 1970–1974 will be attributable to BMI ≥25.0—nearly twice the equivalent proportion of those born in the 1930s, a birth cohort with much lower BMI in middle age. These results suggest that BMI before age 50 years is more strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk than BMI at older ages, and they underscore the importance of avoiding excess weight gain before middle age for preventing this highly fatal cancer.
Gluteal Vein Anatomy: Location, Caliber, Impact of Patient Positioning, and Implications for Fat Grafting
Authors: Turin Sergey Y , Fracol Megan , Keller Eric , Markl Michael , Collins Jeremy , Krochmal Daniel , Kim John Y S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Deaths in gluteal autografting occur due to gluteal vein injuries, but data are lacking on the precise location and caliber of these veins.

Objectives
The authors sought to present the first in vivo study of gluteal vein anatomy utilizing magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging venography of 16 volunteer hemi-sections was conducted in the supine, prone, prone with a bump (jack-knife), and left and right decubitus positions in 1 session after a single contrast administration. Caliber and course of the superior and inferior gluteal veins (SGV/IGV) were analyzed vs bony landmarks and position changes.

Results
The SGV has a very short submuscular course before splitting into 2 smaller branches superolaterally. The IGV runs immediately deep to the gluteus maximus in the center of the buttock as a single large trunk, on average 56 mm deep (mean 27 mm of muscle belly and 30 mm subcutaneous fat). No intramuscular or subcutaneous branches greater than 2 mm were found. In the prone position, the IGV and SGV have an average caliber of 5.96 mm and 5.63 mm. Vessel caliber decreased by 21% and 27%, respectively, in the jack-knife position and by 14% and 15% in lateral decubitus.

Conclusions
The SGV and IGV are immediately deep to gluteus maximus approximately 6 cm deep with a caliber on the order of 6 mm in the prone position. The distribution of these vessels suggests there is no “safe zone” in the intramuscular or submuscular planes. The jackknife or lateral decubitus positions can decrease vein caliber by up to 27%, possibly reducing the risk of injury due to either traction or direct cannula impact.