bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of Polycnemoideae (Amaranthaceae): Implications for biogeography, character evolution and taxonomy
Authors: Masson Rüdiger , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolycnemoideae is a poorly studied subfamily of the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae alliance which contains ca. 13 rare species in three disjunctly distributed genera. We present the results of a dated molecular phylogeny and a survey of morphology, micromorphology and stem anatomy revealing the phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of the subfamily as well as its morphological evolution. The results are converted into a new classification of the group. The divergence of Polycnemoideae from Amaranthaceae s. str. dates back to the Eocene and the oldest split in the subfamily separated a Northern Hemisphere lineage (Polycnemum) and a predominantly Southern Hemisphere lineage (Nitrophila, Hemichroa, Surreya gen. nov.) around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. There is some evidence for a southern connection via Antarctica in the ancestor of the Nitrophila/Hemichroa/Surreya clade. The amphitropical genus Nitrophila likely originated in South America and reached North America via long–distance dispersal. Genera of Polycnemoideae diversified during the Miocene and Pliocene. They are species–poor and appear relictual. The morphological and micromorphological survey revealed a number of useful diagnostic characters which permit a clear definition of all four genera and 13 species recognized here. Hemichroa in its traditional circumscription lacks diagnostic characters. Hemichroa pentandra is much more similar to Nitrophila and shares a number of symplesiomorphies with it, while H. diandra and H. mesembryanthema, which form a highly supported clade, show several clear synapomorphic characters. Therefore the latter two species are here described within a new genus, Surreya R. Masson & G. Kadereit.
Vascular endothelial growth factor C treatment for mouse hind limb lymphatic revascularization
Authors: Ferrão Juliana S. P. , Bonfim Neto Antenor P. , da Fonseca Vanessa U. , Sousa Liza M.M.de C. , Papa Paula de C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpontaneous lymphatic revascularization is a challenge and the establishment of new therapeutic strategies may improve life quality for patients suffering from lymphatic disorders. This study was designed to verify if VEGFC treatment improves lymphatic vascularization in a time‐dependent manner in mouse hindlimb (HL) after resection of the inguinal lymph node. Lymphatic vascular density (Vv) and length (Lv) were evaluated by stereology after immunohistochemistry. The control Group (CG) was not manipulated but received saline instead of VEGFC treatment. The surgery Group (SG) had the left inguinal lymph node resected but did not received VEGFC treatment. VEGFC Treated Group (TG) had the node resected and received VEGFC treatment. VEGFC and VEGFR3 local expression were assessed by qPCR. There was an effect of time over Vv and Lv in the SG and significant difference between CG and SG in the regions studied (proximal, medium and distal regions) of the left HL (LHL). The Lv showed significant difference between CG and SG only in the medium region. The Vv and the Lv for TG were higher than the other groups. VEGFC and VEGFR3 gene expression presented time effect in all regions of the LHL for SG and TG. Both VEGFC and VEGFR3 gene expression presented significant difference between CG and SG, between SG and TG and between CG and TG. This study showed significant decrease in lymphatic vascularization in the left hindlimb of mice after surgical removal of the inguinal lymph node and adjacent lymphatic vessels. Exogenous VEGFC could recover lymphatic vascularization through stimulating neolymphangiogenesis.
Nationwide Propensity‐Score Matched Study of Mesh Versus Suture Repair of Primary Ventral Hernias in Women with a Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: Oma Erling , Bisgaard Thue , Jorgensen Lars N. , Jensen Kristian K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMesh reinforcement is recommended for repair of primary ventral hernias; however, this recommendation does not consider a potential subsequent pregnancy. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare mesh and suture repair of a primary ventral hernia in women with a subsequent pregnancy.MethodsAll women of childbearing age who underwent repair of a primary ventral hernia between 2007 and 2014 were identified in the Danish Ventral Hernia Database. Data were merged with the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Women with a subsequent pregnancy and a propensity‐score matched control group of women without a subsequent pregnancy were included. A structured questionnaire was sent out, and the primary outcome was hernia recurrence, while the secondary outcome was chronic postoperative pain.ResultsIn total, 632 women were included, of whom 441 (69.8%) responded to the questionnaire (195 and 246 with and without subsequent pregnancy, respectively). The 8‐year cumulative incidence of recurrence was 24.8%. In women with a subsequent pregnancy, mesh repair was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.95, p = 0.038, number needed to treat = 5.1) and an increased risk of chronic pain (OR 5.07, 95% CI 1.20–23.38, p = 0.029, number needed to harm = 4.7) compared with suture repair, in multivariable analyses.ConclusionsMesh repair was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence, but an increased risk of chronic pain, compared with suture repair in women with a subsequent pregnancy.
Revisiting Laparoscopic Reconstruction for Billroth 1 Versus Billroth 2 Versus Roux‐en‐Y After Distal Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis in the Modern Era
Authors: Kim Min Seo , Kwon Yeongkeun , Park Eun Pyung , An Liang , Park Haeyeon , Park Sungsoo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this modern era, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) has largely replaced open distal gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer; however, a quantitative review of reconstruction methods applied exclusively using LDG has not yet been published. Thereafter, we compared three reconstruction methods (Billroth I, Billroth II, and Roux‐en Y) using the data derived solely from LDG patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using electronic bibliographic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase), for articles that compared reconstruction methods in LDG, published within the last decade. A systematic review comparing 12 outcome parameters and sensitivity analyses were performed to increase the statistical power and minimize the inconsistency and heterogeneity of results.ResultsTwenty‐three clinical trials involving 5797 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. There were no significant differences in the postoperative recovery and intraoperative parameters, except for operation time. B1 demonstrated a significantly shorter operation time when compared with B2 and RY by 21.6 min (P < 0.0001) and 44.69 min (P < 0.0001), respectively. In terms of postoperative endoscopic symptoms, RY was significantly superior to B1 and B2 for bile reflux (P < 0.001) and remnant gastritis (P < 0.001). For postoperative complications, B1 showed a significantly lower rate of postoperative morbidity than did RY and B2 (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0005, respectively).ConclusionsOur study is the first meta‐analysis comparing anastomoses in LDG and introduces novel criteria for consideration when selecting reconstructions in LDG. Considering the significant differences in postoperative complications and endoscopic symptoms, these two parameters lay reasonable groundwork for guiding the surgeon’s choice of reconstruction.
Anterior Dor or Posterior Toupet with Heller Myotomy for Achalasia Cardia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Siddaiah‐Subramanya Manjunath , Yunus Rossita Mohamad , Khan Shahjahan , Memon Breda , Memon Muhammed Ashraf 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsPartial fundoplication is commonly performed in conjunction with Heller Myotomy. It is, however, controversial whether anterior Dor or posterior Toupet partial fundoplication is the antireflux procedure of choice. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies comparing these two procedures.Material and MethodsA search of PubMed, Cochrane database, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Google scholar and current contents for English language articles comparing Dor and Toupet fundoplication following HM between 1991 and 2018 was performed. The outcome variables analyzed included operating time, length of hospital stay (LOHS), overall complication rate, quality of life (QOL), postoperative reflux, residual postoperative dysphagia, treatment failure and reoperations. The meta‐analysis was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA‐P statement.ResultsSeven studies totaling 486 patients (Dor = 245, Toupet = 241) were analyzed. LOHS was significantly shorter for Toupet repair compared to Dor procedure (WMD 0.73, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, patients after Toupet experienced significantly better QOL than those after Dor (WMD 1.68, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.73, P < 0.001). All other variables showed comparable effects for these two procedures.ConclusionOur systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed that Toupet fundoplication is superior to Dor in terms of LOHS and QOL following HM. For other variables such as postoperative reflux, postoperative dysphagia, complication rates and treatment failure, both Dor and Toupet fundoplication produced effective and equivalent results.
A new cryptostome bryozoanPtilotrypafrom the Upper Ordovician Yong Limestone Formation: Tethyan sequence of Kumaun Higher Himalaya, India
Authors: Swami Narendra K. , Ernst Andrej , Tripathi Satish C. , Barman Prasenjit , Bharti S.K. , Rana Y.P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new species of the Paleozoic bryozoan genusPtilotrypaof the order Cryptostomata is described from the lower part of the Yong Limestone Formation, Katian, Upper Ordovician of the Kumaun Tethys Himalaya:Ptilotrypa bajpaiinew species. The presence of the genusPtilotrypain the Tethyan Himalaya suggests paleogeographic connections to the Upper Ordovician of North America and, consequently, Upper Ordovician age for the lower part of the Yong Limestone Formation. This species displays a reticulate colony shape, which suggests an efficient filtering capacity in an environment with a high primary production. Morphological peculiarities and systematic assignment of the genusPtilotrypaare discussed.UUID:http://zoobank.org/898276c8-2924-4da2-ae96-3392cb2ebbc3
Ground state solutions of Hamiltonian elliptic systems in dimension two
Authors: de Figueiredo Djairo G. , Marcos do Ó João , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study Hamiltonian elliptic system of the form
0.1$$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-\Delta u = g(v)} & {{\rm in}\;\Omega,} \cr {-\Delta v = f(u)} & {{\rm in}\;\Omega,} \cr {u = 0,v = 0} & {{\rm on}\;\partial \Omega,} \cr } } \right.$$
where Ω ⊂ ℝ2 is a bounded domain. In the second place, we present existence results for the following stationary Schrödinger systems defined in the whole plane
0.2$$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-\Delta u + u = g(v)\;\;\;{\rm in}\;{\open R}^2,} \cr {-\Delta v + v = f(u)\;\;\;{\rm in}\;{\open R}^2.} \cr } } \right.$$We assume that the nonlinearities f, g have critical growth in the sense of Trudinger–Moser. By using a suitable variational framework based on the generalized Nehari manifold method, we obtain the existence of ground state solutions of both systems (0.1) and (0.2).
Old residents and new arrivals ofRhagoletisspecies in Europe
Authors: Augustinos A.A. , Moraiti C.A. , Drosopoulou E. , Kounatidis I. , Mavragani-Tsipidou P. , Bourtzis K. , Papadopoulos N.T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genusRhagoletis(Diptera: Tephritidae) comprises more than 65 species distributed throughout Europe, Asia and America, including many species of high economic importance. Currently, there are threeRhagoletisspecies that infest fruits and nuts in Europe. The European cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis cerasi(may have invaded Europe a long time ago from the Caucasian area of West Asia), and two invasive species (recently introduced from North America): the eastern American cherry fruit fly,R. cingulata, and the walnut husk fly,R. completa. The presence of differentRhagoletisspecies may enhance population dynamics and establish an unpredictable economic risk for several fruit and nut crops in Europe. Despite their excessive economic importance, little is known on population dynamics, genetics and symbiotic associations for making sound pest control decisions in terms of species-specific, environmental friendly pest control methods. To this end, the current paper (a) summarizes recently accumulated genetic and population data for the EuropeanRhagoletisspecies and their association with the endosymbiontWolbachia pipientis, and (b) explores the possibility of using the current knowledge for implementing the innovative biological control methods of sterile insect technique and incompatible insect technique.
Divine and creaturely agency in Genesis 1
Authors: Chambers Nathan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe interaction between God and creatures is central to biblical narratives. There are several possible models for understanding the relationship between divine and creaturely agency. This article argues that a ‘non-competitive’ model for the interaction of divine and creaturely agency allows for a coherent interpretation of various features of Genesis 1 where alternative models lead to confusion. Since this ‘non-competitive’ model is historically related to creatio ex nihilo, it raises once again the question of the suitability of creatio ex nihilo for biblical interpretation.
Reading tradition as pedagogy in Calvin and Augustine: the case of election
Authors: Sanchez Michelle C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn colloquial English the word ‘tradition’ tends to be understood as a noun referring to a more-or-less static set of propositions, often used to define the identity of the particular group that accepts them. This article seeks to challenge this convention by defending an older, more fluid sense oftraditiothat is not only found in but formative of a variety of major Christian theological sources. The argument draws especially on Jean Calvin, his preferred theological authority Augustine and briefly the New Testament itself, showing that each demonstrates a fundamental interest in Christian teaching as participation in divine pedagogy. Using the doctrine of election as a case study, I argue that this pedagogical framework evidences a dynamic conception oftraditioastradere, or a discourse on how human beings faithfully participate in what is properly a divine giving-and-receiving. This conception of tradition as pedagogy is commended for both its theological and its critical merit.
Quality Assessment of Reporting of Economic Evaluation in Cardiac Sugery: Has it Improved?
Authors: Guerre Pascale , Laaboub Nermine , Colin Cyrille , Obadia Jean-François , Julien Christell , Hrifach Abdelbaste , Rabier Hugo , Serrier Hassan , Grinberg Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesCardiac surgery has seen substantial scientific progress over recent decades. Health economic evaluations have become important tools for decision makers to prioritize scarce health resources. The present study aimed to identify and critically appraise the reporting quality of health economic evaluations conducted in the field of cardiac surgery.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify health economic evaluations in cardiac surgery. The consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement was used to assess the quality of reporting of studies.ResultsA total 4,705 articles published between 1981 and 2016 were identified; sixty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was a trend toward a greater number of publications and reporting quality over time. Six (8.7 percent) studies were conducted between 1981 and 1990, nine (13 percent) between 1991 and 2000, twenty-four (34.8 percent) between 2001 and 2010, and thirty (43.5 percent) after 2011. The mean CHEERS score of all articles was 16.7/24; for those published between 1980 and 1990 the mean (SD) score was 10.2 (±1.4), for those published between 1991 and 2000 it was 11.2 (±2.4), between 2001 and 2010 it was 15.3 (±4.8), and after 2011 it was 19.9 (±2.9). The quality of reporting was still insufficient for several studies after 2000, especially concerning items “characterizing heterogeneity,” “assumptions,” and “choice of model.”ConclusionsThe present study suggests that, even if the quantity and the quality of health economics evaluation in cardiac surgery has increased, there remains a need for improvement in several reporting criteria to ensure greater transparency.
Neighbour home gardening predicts dietary diversity among rural Tanzanian women
Authors: Blakstad Mia M , Bellows Alexandra L , Mosha Dominic , Canavan Chelsey R , Mlalama Killian , Kinabo Joyce , Kruk Margaret E , Masanja Honorati , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present study’s aim was to assess the impact of a nutrition-sensitive intervention on dietary diversity and home gardening among non-participants residing within intervention communities.DesignThe study was a cross-sectional risk factor analysis using linear and logistic multivariate models.SettingIn Tanzania, women and children often consume monotonous diets of poor nutritional value primarily because of physical or financial inaccessibility or low awareness of healthy foods.ParticipantsParticipants were women of reproductive age (18–49 years) in rural Tanzania.ResultsMean dietary diversity was low with women consuming three out of ten possible food groups. Only 23·4 % of respondents achieved the recommended minimum dietary diversity of five or more food groups out of ten per day. Compared with those who did not, respondents who had a neighbour who grew crops in their home garden were 2·71 times more likely to achieve minimum dietary diversity (95 % CI 1·60, 4·59; P=0·0004) and 1·91 times more likely to grow a home garden themselves (95 % CI 1·10, 3·33; P=0·02). Other significant predictors of higher dietary diversity were respondent age, education and wealth, and number of crops grown.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there are substantial positive externalities of home garden interventions beyond those attained by the people who own and grow the vegetables. Cost-effectiveness assessments of nutrition-sensitive agriculture, including home garden interventions, should factor in the effects on the community, and not just on the individual households receiving the intervention.
Mediterranean diet score and incidence of IHD: a global comparative study
Authors: Sezaki Ayako , Imai Tomoko , Miyamoto Keiko , Kawase Fumiya , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to clarify the global relationship between Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the incidence of IHD by country using international statistics.DesignThe incidence of IHD by country was derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Average supplies of food (g/d per capita) and energy (kcal/d per capita) by country, excluding loss between production and household, were obtained from the FAOSTAT database. MDS was evaluated based on the total score of nine food items that characterize the Mediterranean diet. The association between MDS and the incidence of IHD was examined in countries with a population of 1 million or greater using a general linear model controlled for socio-economic and lifestyle variables.SettingPopulation data from global international databases.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty-two countries with a population of over 1 million.ResultsMDS was inversely correlated with obesity rate, ageing rate, years of education and IHD incidence; however, no associations were found with gross domestic product, life expectancy, smoking rate, energy supply or health expenditure. In the general linear model of IHD incidence by MDS controlled for socio-economic and lifestyle variables, the β of the MDS was –26·4 (se 8·6; P<0·01).ConclusionsThe results of this global international comparative study confirmed that the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the incidence of IHD.
Supply of Policy Information in the World Trade Organization: Cross-National Compliance with One-Time and Regular Notification Obligations, 1995–2014
Authors: Karlas Jan , Parízek Michal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis text presents the first systematic quantitative descriptive and explanatory account of World Trade Organization (WTO) member states’ compliance with their one-time and regular notification obligations. The system of around 170 notifications, through which states are obliged to provide to the WTO relevant information on their policies, constitutes a key mechanism of transparency in the global trade regime. Based on data for the one-time and regular obligations from the years 1995–2014, we seek to map and explain the variation in the degree to which states comply with these obligations. Descriptively, we identify enormous differences in the compliance values of states, ranging from compliance well above 80% to below 20%. To explain those differences, we test five theoretical explanations that concentrate on the trade policy preferences of states and on their institutional characteristics. The empirical findings support four of the tested explanations. In particular, they highlight the relevance of states’ administrative capacities and membership in international organizations (IOs). In addition, the empirical analysis shows that compliance levels are strongly positively connected with the economic size of the members.
Genome-wide epigenetic signatures of childhood adversity in early life: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sasaki Aya , Matthews Stephen G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMaternal adversity and fetal glucocorticoid exposure has long-term effects on cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioral systems in offspring that can persist throughout the lifespan. These data, along with other environmental exposure data, implicate epigenetic modifications as potential mechanisms for long-term effects of maternal exposures on adverse health outcomes in offspring. Advances in microarray, sequencing and bioinformatic approaches have enabled recent studies to examine the genome-wide epigenetic response to maternal adversity. Studies of maternal exposures to xenobiotics such as arsenic and smoking have been performed at birth to examine fetal epigenomic signatures in cord blood relating to adult health outcomes. However, there have been no epigenomic studies examining these effects in animal models. On the other hand, to date, only a few studies of the effects of maternal psychosocial stress have been performed in human infants, and the majority of animal studies have examined epigenomic outcomes in adulthood. In terms of maternal exposure to excess glucocorticoids by synthetic glucocorticoid treatment, there has been no epigenetic study performed in humans and only a few studies undertaken in animal models. This review emphasizes the importance of examining biomarkers of exposure to adversity throughout development to identify individuals at risk and to target interventions. Thus, research performed at birth will be reviewed. In addition, potential subject characteristics associated with epigenetic modifications, technical considerations, the selection of target tissues and combining human studies with animal models will be discussed in relation to the design of experiments in this field of study.