bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Chung Jessie R. , Flannery Brendan , Ambrose Christopher S. , Bégué Rodolfo E. , Caspard Herve , DeMarcus Laurie , Fowlkes Ashley L. , Kersellius Geeta , Steffens Andrea , Fry Alicia M. ,   for the Influenza Clinical Investigation for Children Study Team,   the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project,   the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Researchers in observational studies of vaccine effectiveness (VE) in which they compared quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV4) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children and adolescents have shown inconsistent results, and the studies have been limited by small samples.

METHODS:
We combined data from 5 US studies from 2013–2014 through 2015–2016 to compare the VE of LAIV4 and IIV against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza among patients aged 2 to 17 years by influenza season, subtype, age group, and prior vaccination status. The VE of IIV or LAIV4 was calculated as 100% × (1 − odds ratio), comparing the odds of vaccination among patients who were influenza-positive to patients who were influenza-negative from adjusted logistic regression models. Relative effectiveness was defined as the odds of influenza comparingLAIV4 and IIV recipients.

RESULTS:
Of 17 173 patients aged 2 to 17 years, 4579 received IIV, 1979 received LAIV4, and 10 615 were unvaccinated. Against influenza A/H1N1pdm09, VE was 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 62% to 72%) for IIV and 20% (95% CI: −6% to 39%) for LAIV4. Results were similar when stratified by vaccination in the previous season. LAIV4 recipients had significantly higher odds of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 compared with IIV recipients (odds ratio 2.66; 95% CI: 2.06 to 3.44). LAIV4 and IIV had similar effectiveness against influenza A/H3N2 and B. Our overall findings were consistent when stratified by influenza season and age group.

CONCLUSIONS:
From this pooled individual patient–level data analysis, we found reduced effectiveness of LAIV4 against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 compared with IIV, which is consistent with published results from the individual studies included.
Maestro! Yrkesmusikers sociala praktik, relativa framgång och habitus
Authors: Nörholm Lundin Anna 
Published: January 2019

Maestro! The social practice, relative success and habitus of professional musiciansIn art music the Maestro is an important figure. The Maestro is an outstanding musician and teacher at one of the prestigious music colleges in Sweden. To be admitted as a student of a Maestro is to be granted access to the atrium of music. However, this is no guarantee of actually succeeding as a musician. Who is the Maestro? Which social practice is the Maestro part of, and which social practice is he/she maintaining? Who achieves a position as an outstanding musician, and what is required to hold such a position? The empirical material consists of three in-depth interviews with central musicians and teachers at the prestigious music colleges, which is used to reconstruct their positions and dispositions. The relative success of the musicians is understood in relation to the concept of habitus and in relation to a profession in transformation. Keywords: Maestro, musicians, social practice, habitus, relative success
İbn Ebî Serh’in Kur’an’ı Tahrif Ettiğine Dair Rivayetlerin İsnad ve Metin Tenkidi
Authors: AKYÜZ Hüseyin 
Published: January 2019

Mekke’de Kur’an’ı ilk olarak yazanlar
arasında yer alan İbn Ebî Serh, oldukça ilginç bir kişiliğe sahiptir. Hayatında
iki kez Müslüman ve bir kez de mürted olmuştur. Bazı kaynaklarda onun Kur’an’ı
tahrif ettiğine dair rivayetlere yer verilmiştir. Hatta bu rivayetlerde onun
bir kısım âyetlerin yazılışı konusunda Hz. Peygamber’e tavsiyelerde bulunduğu,
Hz. Peygamber’in de onun vahiy konusundaki tasarruflarını onayladığı ve
istediği şeyleri vahiy diye yazdığı iddia edilmiştir. Bazı haberlerde ise İbn Ebî Serh’in “Ben de
peygamber oldum. Bana da vahiy geliyor!..” gibi sözler söylediği rivayet edilmiştir.

İşte bu makale, söz konusu haberlerin
isnad ve metin tenkidini yapmak üzere kaleme alınmıştır. Bu haberler hakkında
doğru karar verebilmek için İslami ilimlere ait kaynaklardaki bütün varyantlar
ve metinler bir bütünlük içerisinde ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Makalede bu
haberlerin ne zaman ortaya çıktıkları ve hangi amaçla rivayet edildikleri de
araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Kur’an âyetlerine bir beşer tarafından müdahale
edildiği anlamına gelen bu haberlerin Kur’an’a aykırılıkları da sorgulanmıştır.
Resolution of Pembrolizumab-Associated Steroid-Refractory Lichenoid Dermatitis with Cyclosporine
Authors: Fixsen Emma , Patel Jigar , Selim Maria Angelica , Kheterpal Meenal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, are a promising new category of oncological therapeutics, associated with a higher risk of immune-related adverse events including dermatological, autoimmune and endocrine sequelae. Here, we present a case of a woman 76 years of age with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who developed a severe and steroid-refractory lichenoid dermatitis associated with pruritus on pembrolizumab. This eruption resolved completely with a short course of oral cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is a promising and effective treatment option for checkpoint inhibitor-related severe cutaneous eruptions.
Investigation and molecular Identification of circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes in the Duhok province- Kurdistan of Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Jivan , Ahmed Meqdad , Khanamir Ramadhan 
Published: January 2019

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is considered as one of highly contagious and economically devastating viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals in Iraq. This study was performed to investigate the molecular characterization and typing of the current outbreak of FMDV in Duhok province of Kurdistan- Iraq. A total of 15 epithelial samples were taken from clinically infected calves. These samples were subjected to RNA extraction and RT-PCR for the purpose of typing and detection as well as sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. All of 15 samples was positive for FMDV and detected as serotype O by multiplex RT-PCR. Furthermore, the sequences were shown a close relationship with Panasia topotype. The limitation of these monitoring studies is that the partial sequencing is not adequate to monitor the circulating strain as it might hide some important changes unsequenced, therefore the investigation of inclusion of complete gene of VP1 protein is highly recommended to get a complete picture of potential mutation on that immunogenic protein.
Angular Distribution of Delta Electrons in SAGE Spectrometer using Geant4
Authors: Ali F. , Hassan H. 
Published: January 2019

This simulation work is intended to describe the angular distribution of (δ) electrons in a spectrometer that is designed for simultaneously measuring gamma-rays and electrons called SAGE Spectrometer using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. The angular distributions were identified for various target materials including lead, gadolinium, tin, aluminium and carbon. In heavy ion atom collision, the direct ionization of the target elements and the scattering of electron due to the Two-Centre Coulomb forces are the dominant contributions. The direction of (δ) electrons produced in a heavy ion collision hitting a heavy element target is strongly focused in the forward and backward directions with a large suppression at perpendicular angles. For light element targets the (δ) electrons are almost entirely forward focused. This indicates that the distributions are (Z) dependent. The main features of the (δ) electrons coming from SAGE spectrometer are characterized by looking at their angular distributions produced from a reaction between a Ca48 ion beam and a lead target.
On Primarily Hollow Module
Authors: Jabbar Adil , Hamaali Payman 
Published: January 2019

An R- module M is called primarily hollow module if every primary submodule of is a small submodule in. This definition extends several notions in the literature of hollow module. Some certain equivalent conditions to primarily hollow modules. Also, we verified that a primarily hollow module which contains a maximal submodule is a multiplication module and every multiplication primarily hollow module is indecomposable.
Molecular genetic basis of biofilm formation as a component of Vibrio Cholerae persistence in water reservoirs of Russian Federation
Authors: Titova Svetlana V. , Monakhova Elena V. , Alekseeva Ludmila P. , Pisanov Ruslan V. 
Published: January 2019

Background. The problem of cholera remains acute for world health service and risks of importation of Vibrio cholerae strains from endemic countries to Russia do exist. Toxigenic strains (carrying cholera toxin genes ctxAB) can cause epidemic outbreaks of cholera and non-toxigenic (ctxAB-) single or multiple cases of cholera-like diarrhea. Investigation of their ability to survive in water reservoirs in climatic conditions of middle latitudes by means of forming biofilms is essential for potential threat evaluation.
Materials and methods. Biofilm formation by 15 V. cholerae strains on abiotic surfaces was studied in microcosms with tap water and cover glasses. Identification of responsible genetic determinants in whole genome sequences and bioinformatics analysis were performed using BioEdit 7.2.5, BLASTN 2.2.29, Blastp and Vector NTI Advance 11 software.
Results. The strains investigated differed in terms of biofilm formation which correlated with structural features of genes for MSHA pili (msh), matrix polysaccharides (vps) and proteins (rbm) as well as for certain regulatory factors. Strains with none or few genetic deviations from prototypes formed mature biofilms in 5-7 days while those containing truncated genes mshL, mshN, rbmC only in 13 days. One strain with truncated gene for positive regulator vpsR formed an immature biofilm. Acceleration of the process in some strains up to 2-3 days correlated with either truncated gene hapR (negative regulator) or altered structure of both msh and vps-rbm gene clusters.
Conclusion. Analysis of genetic determinants responsible for biofilm formation may be used for prediction of V. cholerae ability to survive in environmental objects of Russia and thus the potential danger of the latters as sources of infection.
Influence of γ-irradiation on the expression of encoding ABA metabolism enzymes in barley embryos
Authors: Bitarishvili Sofia V. , Bondarenko Vladimir S. , Geras’kin Stanislav A. 
Published: January 2019

Background. Small doses of radiation stimulate the growth and development of plants including seed germination. ABA plays a key role not only in seed dormancy and germination but also in the regulation of adaptive reactions of plants.
The aim of our work was to study the effect of -irradiation of barley seeds in a small doses on the expression of genes encoding ABA biosynthesis enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (HvNCED1) and catabolism enzyme ABA 8-hydroxylase (HvABA8OH-1).
Materials and Methods. The barley seeds were irradiated at dose range of 450 Gy at a dose rate of 60 Gy/h, the radiation source was 60Co. The study was carried out in the embryos within the first 30 hours after germination. Relative gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR).
Results. It was shown that -irradiation of barley seeds changes the expression of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism genes in all experimental groups.
Conclusion. This alterations can lead to a decrease the ABA content under irradiation with stimulating doses and increase the biosynthesis of phytohormone under irradiation with inhibitory dose.
Analisis Saintometrika Bidang Telekomunikasi di Indonesia
Authors: Nadhiroh Irene Muflikh , Rianto Yan 
Published: January 2019

<p>Sektor Telekomunikasi dan Komunikasi merupakan sektor yang memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Dalam perkembangannya, Indonesia diharapkan bukan hanya menjadi pasar pagi sektor tersebut, akan tetapi bisa menjadi pemain utama dalam industri Telekomunikasi dan Komunikasi di Indonesia. Untuk mendukung gagasan tersebut diperlukan dukungan kemampuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di bidang tersebut. Artikel ini menjelaskan deskripsi kapabilitas riset bidang telekomunikasi dan komunikasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data publikasi dari scopus.com. Selain itu artikel ini juga mencoba melihat peta kolaborasi riset bidang telekomunikasi dan komunikasi pada level institusi di Indonesia. Harapannya artikel ini bisa memberikan gambaran umum terhadap kapabilitas riset di Indonesia dan bisa menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam kebijakan sektor tersebut di Indonesia. </p>
Epidemiological study of 100 cases of burn injuries
Authors: Sivamuthu T. Chenthil 
Published: January 2019

Background: Burn injuries are a huge public health challenge and a preventable cause of formidable morbidity, mortality, disfigurement, and disabilities. The incidence of burn injuries remains high all over India and more so in the given region. This is an epidemiological study from 100 consecutive adult burn cases admitted in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital Burns Unit. The aim was to study the various epidemiological factors like age group, sex, socioeconomic status, causative factors, comorbid conditions, the severity of burns, psychological aspects and treatment modalities which impact the outcome.Methods: 100 cases admitted in the burn unit of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital were studied from October 2017 to October 2018. Data on age, sex, aetiology, percentage of body surface area (TBSA), comorbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, treatment modalities, psychological factors, bacteriological studies and treatment outcomes were studied during the period. Inclusion criteria was all burn patients more than 14 years of age.Results: A total of 100 cases of burns were studied (male 32 and female 68). The average percentage of TBSA was 45% and the most common etiological factor was flame burns. Comorbid conditions like diabetes and COPD significantly affected the outcome. Psychological factors played an important role in the causation and outcomes. Treatment modalities were tailored according to the severity of burns. Mortality was higher for burns more than 40% TBSA.Conclusions: This study represents the epidemiological pattern of burns in Tirunelveli district and can be used to devise improvements in treatment protocols, strategies in burns prevention and to plan a modern hi-tech burns unit.
Investigating the Factors Affecting Health Services Utilization in Hepatitis B Patients of Yazd City in 2017
Authors: Montazeralfaraj Raziyeh , Pakdaman Mohsen , Fallahzad Hossein , Mojahed Masoudeh , Atabak Mahdi Ghadiri 
Published: January 2019

Background: We can achieve a clear picture of the demands for services and the ways to respond to them by examining the status of health care services in patients with hepatitis B. In this way, we can minimize the gap between the promotion and improvement of the performance of service providers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of healthcare services in patients with hepatitis B.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 patients with hepatitis B who were selected by simple random sampling using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 20 items, according to the study variables. We entered the data into the Excel software and analyzed them by STATA 13 software using descriptive statistical tests and linear regression.
Results: There was a significance association between the utilization of education and counseling services, specialist visits, clinical services, and the place of provision of services. In addition, the utilization of education and counseling services had a significant association with the supplemental insurance and the incidence of hepatitis B in the family. A significance relationship was also observed between the number of visits to the specialist and the type of occupation, educational level, and duration of diagnosis. Utilization of inpatient cares had a significant relationship with the place of residence and the basic insurance status.
Conclusion: Generally, the rate of visits to access the healthcare services is low among patients with hepatitis B. Considering the fact that this disease is special, we suggest the authorities to provide health care services in three preventive levels free of charge (by providing a health insurance card for the patients). Furthermore, the government needs to implement the national health insurance (NHI) and therefore does not receive the franchise. Patients should refer to specialist according to the general practitioner's opinion. They also should have access to the services during the evening.

Key words: Utilization of health services, Hepatitis B, Specific Patients
ALTERNATIF MENANGANI INDIVIDU GELANDANGAN DAN BERISIKO BERSUMBERKAN AL-QURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Mohamed Rafiza , Mat Nong Nor Faridah , Awang Jaffary , Long Ahmad Sunawari , Ab Rahman Zaizul 
Published: January 2019

Environment, economy, social relations and lack of religious appreciation can expose individuals to problematic risks. The appreciation of religious values should be based on the Quranic and Hadith approach. The writing is aimed at examining homeless and risk groups to identify the Quran and Hadith Manhaj as an alternative to their social guidance. This writing is qualitative using content analysis techniques. Thus, manhaj 'al wisdom ' and'al din al nasihah 'are seen as one of the practical guidance to be presented. Therefore, this paper will discuss the Quranic and Hadith approaches to address the problem of homelessness and risk group by focusing on the 'al wisdom ' and 'al din al nasihah '. The application of Quranic and Hadith based is seen to be very significant in addressing individual and group issues. The outcome of the discussion suggests that alternatives suggested by Islam were recognized and significant for troubled individuals especially homeless and risk groups. Persekitaran, ekonomi, hubungan sosial dan kekurangan penghayatan agama boleh mendedahkan individu kepada risiko bermasalah. Aspek penghayatan nilai agama perlu diterapkan berasaskan pendekatan al-Quran dan Hadis. Penulisan ini bertujuan meneliti kelompok gelandangan dan kelompok yang berisiko seterusnya mengenalpasti manhaj al-Quran dan Hadis sebagai alternatif bimbingan sosial kepada mereka. Penulisan ini berbentuk kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan. Justeru, manhaj ‘al hikmah’ dan ‘al din al nasihah’ dilihat sebagai salah satu bimbingan yang praktikal untuk diketengahkan. Oleh itu, penulisan ini akan membincangkan tentang pendekatan al-Quran dan Hadith bagi menangani permasalahan gelandangan dan berisiko dengan memfokuskan kepada kaedah ‘al hikmah’ dan ‘al din al nasihah’. Penerapan yang berasaskan al-Quran dan Hadis dilihat sangat signifikan dalam menangani permasalahan individu serta kelompok tersebut. Hasil perbincangan menunjukkan bahawa alternatif yang dianjurkan oleh Islam ternyata diiktiraf dan signifikan dengan individu yang bermasalah terutamanya gelandangan dan individu berisiko.
Thank You to Our Reviewers
Authors: Cockcroft Peter 
Published: January 2019

As Editor-in-chief I would like to thank all of our editors and reviewers for their continued support of the Veterinary Evidence journal and their diligence in meeting demanding timelines. Their knowledge, expertise and insights are duly acknowledged and highly valued. All reviewers who have taken the time to review for Veterinary Evidence are listed in the full text.In the coming year we hope to develop a new approach and construct for the recognition and delivery of important information needs. This will take the form of a condition specific decision support algorithm with links to Knowledge Summaries providing the best current evidence. We also intend to publish a series of papers from targeted invited authors to highlight important areas of evidence-based practice including patient safety, quality improvement, business and workplace learning. We have also launched a Knowledge Summary competition for students studying veterinary medicine, veterinary nursing and veterinary bio-science, so that we may engage with the next generation of practice professionals.I look forward to a challenging and innovative new year with your continued support.Thank you to all who have contributed.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC IMPURITIES IN THE GLUTATIONION RESTORED SUBSTANCE
Authors: Alexeeva K. A. , Pisarev D. I. , Malyutina A. Yu. , Boyko N. N. 
Published: January 2019

Glutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is the most important low molecular weight intracellular thiol tripeptide consisting of three amino acids – glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid. In Russian pharmacopoeia there is no regulatory documentation for glutathione, therefore, the development of a pharmacopoeial item for the specified substance is a relevant problem.The aim of the article is the development of methods for determining foreign specific impurities in glutathione.Materials and methods. The substance of glutathione reduced (CAS 70-18-8, EC 2007254, Applichem, Germany) containing impurities, and a standard sample of reduced glutathione (Sigma Aldrich, Japan) were used as the objects of the study. The analysis was carried out by using a high-performance liquid chromatography method in the reverse phase version and a thin layer chromatography method. The chromatography using RP HPLC was performed after preliminary derivatization of glutathione and its specific impurities with dancil chloride. Specific impurities in glutathione are dipeptides and amino acids. Therefore, they, like glutathione, can react with dancil chloride. Dancil derivatives are formed, and they can be determined by chromatographic separation.Results. As a result of chromatography by the method of RP HPLC of derivatized dancil chloride glutathione it has been established that this reaction makes it possible to detect impurities in it. Glutathione derivatives are well separated by chromatography by implementing the method of RP HPLC and have different absorption maxima. The glutathione derivative had an absorption maximum at λmax=284 nm. The derivatives belonging to specific glutathione impurities absorb at λmax=288 nm and λmax=296 nm. The data obtained using RP HPLC were confirmed by TLC in the isopropanol-water (2:1) system. Three components were found out, one of which corresponds to glutathione, while two others are impurities.Conclusion. Methods for determining impurities in the glutathione substance using RP HPLC methods with preliminary derivatization with dancil chloride and TLC with ninhydrin detection have been worked out. A comparative analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to state that the OF-HPLC method with pre-column derivatization is more reliable, since it is more sensitive to impurities, and also makes it possible to study the UV profiles of impurity components better than the TLC method. Therefore, for the detection of impurities in the substance of glutathione, it is more preferable to use RP-HPLC with pre-column derivatization. The results of this study can be recommended for inclusion in the regulatory documentation on the substance of glutathione in the section “Impurities”.