bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury rate and patterns of Sydney grade cricketers: a prospective study of injuries in 408 cricketers
Authors: Soomro Najeebullah , Redrup Daniel , Evens Chris , Strasiotto Luke Pieter , Singh Shekhar , Lyle David , Singh Himalaya , Ferdinands Rene E D , Sanders Ross 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe grade cricket competition, also known as premier cricket, supplies players to the state and national teams in Australia. The players involved are generally high-performing amateur (subelite) club cricketers. However, to date, there is no study on the injury epidemiology of Australian grade cricket.AimTo conduct injury surveillance across all teams playing Sydney Grade Cricket (SGC) competition during the 2015–2016 season.MethodsA cohort study was conducted to track injuries in 408 male cricketers in 20 teams playing SGC competition. Players were tracked through the MyCricket website’s scorebook every week. Cricket New South Wales physiotherapists were alerted if there were changes to the playing XI from the last game. If any changes were made due to injury, then an injury incident was registered.ResultsDuring the course of the season, a total of 86 injuries were registered from 65 players, resulting in a loss of 385 weeks of play. The overall injury incidence rate was 35.54 injuries/10 000 playing hours with an average weekly injury prevalence of 4.06%. Lower back injuries (20%) were the most common injuries followed by foot (14%), hand (13.75%), knee (7.5%) and calf (7.5%). Linear regression analysis showed that the likelihood of injury increased as the mean age of the teams increased (R=0.5, p&lt;0.05).ConclusionThe injury rate in SGC is lower than that reported at elite level. However, the high rate of lower back injuries (20%) highlights an area of concern in this cohort. High workloads or inadequate physical conditioning may contribute to such injuries. This study sets the foundation for understanding injury epidemiology in grade cricket and examines the links between injury and performance, these results may assist coaches and administrators to develop and implement cricket-specific injury prevention programmes.
Return of cartoon to market e-cigarette-related products
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Cruz Tess Boley , Unger Jennifer B , Toruno Ruth , Herrera Josseline , Kirkpatrick Matthew G 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe tobacco industry’s use of cartoons to market products has been shown to be effective at increasing awareness and appeal of combustible cigarettes among youth. While the Master Settlement Agreement placed restrictions on the use of cartoons for major cigarette and smokeless (chew) tobacco brands in the USA, no such restrictions exist for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Research has shown that e-cigarette manufacturers are using cartoons to market products, but limited data exist on the extent of these practices. This study examined the extent of the use of cartoons to market e-liquids on Instagram.MethodsInstagram posts with the hashtag #ejuice or #eliquid were collected from 3 November 2017 to 17 November 2017. Rules were established to identify Cartoon (the post contained a cartoon), Logo (the post was labelled a cartoon due to the logo) and Promo (the image of the post or accompanying text indicated it was a promotion) in the data (n=3481).ResultsAmong all posts, 723 (20.77%) contained a Cartoon, and 479 (13.76%) were coded as a cartoon because of the Logo. In other words, 479/723 or (66.25%) of Cartoon were coded as cartoons due to the vendor’s or manufacture’s logo. Among all posts, 2360 (67.80%) were Promo.ConclusionFindings indicate that e-cigarette companies are using cartoons to market their products and many of these companies’ logos are cartoons. Empirical data are needed to determine whether cartoon marketing strategies impact perceived risk and benefits, product appeal, the intention to use and actual use of e-cigarettes.
Reconstruction of stationary and non-stationary signals by the generalized Prony method
Authors: Plonka Gerlind , Stampfer Kilian , Keller Ingeborg 
Published: July 2018

We employ the generalized Prony method in [T. Peter and G. Plonka, A generalized Prony method for reconstruction of sparse sums of eigenfunctions of linear operators, Inverse Problems 29 (2013) 025001] to derive new reconstruction schemes for a variety of sparse signal models using only a small number of signal measurements. By introducing generalized shift operators, we study the recovery of sparse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions as well as sparse expansions into Gaussians chirps and modulated Gaussian windows. Furthermore, we show how to reconstruct sparse polynomial expansions and sparse non-stationary signals with structured phase functions.
Multi-Layer Depth of Field Rendering with Tiled Splatting
Authors: Franke Linus , Hofmann Nikolai , Stamminger Marc , Selgrad Kai 
Published: July 2018

In this paper we present a scattering-based method to compute high quality depth of field in real time. Relying on multiple layers of scene data, our method naturally supports settings with partial occlusion, an important effect that is often disregarded by real time approaches. Using well-founded layer-reduction techniques and efficient mapping to the GPU, our approach out-performs established approaches with a similar high-quality feature set.
Our proposed algorithm works by collecting a multi-layer image, which is then directly reduced to only keep hidden fragments close to discontinuities. Fragments are then further reduced by merging and then splatted to screen-space tiles. The per-tile information is then sorted and accumulated in order, yielding an overall approach that supports partial occlusion as well as properly ordered blending of the out-of-focus fragments.
Tile-based Pattern Design with Topology Control
Authors: Bian Xiaojun , Wei Li-Yi , Lefebvre Sylvain 
Published: July 2018

Patterns with desired aesthetic appearances and physical structures are ubiquitous. However, such patterns are challenging to produce -- manual authoring requires significant expertise and efforts while automatic computation lacks sufficient flexibility and user control.
We propose a method that automatically synthesizes vector patterns with visual appearance and topological structures designated by users via input exemplars and output conditions. The input can be an existing vector graphics design or a new one manually drawn by the user through our interactive interface. Our system decomposes the input pattern into constituent components (tiles) and overall arrangement (tiling). The tile sets are general and flexible enough to represent a variety of patterns, and can produce different outputs with user specified conditions such as size, shape, and topological properties for physical manufacturing.
Exercise cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses in normoxic, hypoxic, and hot environment following 10-day continuous hypoxic exposure
Authors: Sotiridis Alexandros , Debevec Tadej , McDonnell Adam C. , Ciuha Urša , Eiken Ola , Mekjavic Igor B. 
Published: July 2018

We examined the effects of acclimatization to normobaric hypoxia on aerobic performance and exercise thermoregulatory responses under normoxic, hypoxic, and hot conditions. Twelve men performed tests of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in normoxic (NOR), hypoxic [HYP; 13.5% fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)], and hot (HE; 35°C, 50% relative humidity) conditions in a randomized manner before and after a 10-day continuous normobaric hypoxic exposure [FiO2= 13.65 (0.35)%, inspired partial pressure of oxygen = 87 (3) mmHg]. The acclimatization protocol included daily exercise [60 min at 50% hypoxia-specific peak power output (Wpeak)]. All maximal tests were preceded by a steady-state exercise (30 min at 40% Wpeak) to assess the sweating response. Hematological data were assessed from venous blood samples obtained before and after acclimatization. V̇o2maxincreased by 10.7% ( P = 0.002) and 7.9% ( P = 0.03) from pre-acclimatization to post acclimatization in NOR and HE, respectively, whereas no differences were found in HYP [pre: 39.9 (3.8) vs. post: 39.4 (5.1) ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 1.0]. However, the increase in V̇O2maxdid not translate into increased Wpeakin either NOR or HE. Maximal heart rate and ventilation remained unchanged following acclimatization. Νo differences were noted in the sweating gain and thresholds independent of the acclimatization or environmental conditions. Hypoxic acclimatization markedly increased hemoglobin ( P < 0.001), hematocrit ( P < 0.001), and extracellular HSP72 ( P = 0.01). These data suggest that 10 days of normobaric hypoxic acclimatization combined with moderate-intensity exercise training improves V̇o2maxin NOR and HE, but does not seem to affect exercise performance or thermoregulatory responses in any of the tested environmental conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The potential crossover effect of hypoxic acclimatization on performance in the heat remains unexplored. Here we show that 10-day continuous hypoxic acclimatization combined with moderate-intensity exercise training can increase maximal oxygen uptake in hot conditions.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells and Plasma Cells in Human Cancer
Authors: Wouters Maartje C.A. , Nelson Brad H. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
There is abundant evidence that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells contribute positively to antitumor immunity; however, the role of tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) and plasma cells (PC) remains controversial, leading to differing opinions about whether immunotherapies should be designed to enhance or inhibit these cells. Through a comprehensive PubMed search, we reviewed publications with cohorts of 50 or more cases in which the prognostic value of TIL-B/PC was assessed by immunohistochemistry and/or gene-expression analysis. Sixty-nine studies representing 19 cancers met our review criteria. The large majority of studies assessed TIL-B by immunohistochemical detection of CD20. Of these, 50.0% reported a positive prognostic effect for CD20+ TIL-B, whereas the remainder found a neutral (40.7%) or negative (9.3%) effect. These differences in prognostic effect were not attributable to cancer type, other clinicopathologic factors, or differing technical approaches. The prognostic significance of TIL-B/PC was generally concordant with that of CD3+ and/or CD8+ T cells, and the prognostic effect of T cells was generally stronger when TIL-B and/or PC were also present. Additionally, 21 studies inferred the presence of TIL-B/PC from gene-expression data, and a large majority reported a positive prognostic effect. Although more studies are required involving additional cancer types and independent patient cohorts, the weight of evidence supports a positive role for TIL-B and PC in antitumor immunity, suggesting that enhancement of these responses should be considered in the design of cancer immunotherapies.
CD44 Facilitates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypic Change at Acquisition of Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Authors: Suda Kenichi , Murakami Isao , Yu Hui , Kim Jihye , Tan Aik-Choon , Mizuuchi Hiroshi , Rozeboom Leslie , Ellison Kim , Rivard Christopher J. , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Hirsch Fred R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in lung cancers. Because EMT is related to tumor invasion, metastases, and resistance to various treatments, it is important to prevent the emergence of EMT. However, molecular mechanism(s) underlying EMT phenotypic changes, as well as biomarker(s) that predict the emergence of EMT in EGFR-mutated lung cancers, are unclear to date. Through the comparison of expression data between isogenic lung cancer cell lines that acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI(s), we identified that high CD44 expression is related to a mesenchymal phenotype and that shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD44 reversed the EMT change. High membranous CD44 expression was identified in lesions with mesenchymal phenotype that were obtained from lung cancer patients who developed acquired resistance to gefitinib or afatinib, whereas isogenic lesions without EMT change showed negative/weak staining for CD44. Immunohistochemistry for treatment-naïve lung cancer cell lines with EGFR mutations found those that acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs via EMT (HCC4006 and H1975 cells) had strong membranous CD44 expression compared with non–EMT-transforming lines which demonstrated negative or weak staining (Fisher exact test P value = 0.036). shRNA-mediated CD44 knockdown in HCC4006 cells prevented the emergence of EMT after chronic exposure to osimertinib. These results suggest that upregulation of CD44 facilitates EMT-phenotypic change in lung cancers with EGFR mutations when treated with EGFR-TKIs. In addition, our results suggest that CD44 can be a useful biomarker to predict the emergence of EMT upon EGFR-TKI monotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2257–65. ©2018 AACR.
Extended Bandwidth Optimized and Energy Efficient Dynamic Source Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Authors: Bhatia Bindiya , Soni M. K. , Tomar Parul 
Published: July 2018

With the increase in the evolution of wireless communication, the ad-hoc networks are gaining attention and are significantly becoming the technology solutions to the various problems. Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are envisaged to grow as a main component in the today 4G architecture, and ad hoc networks are projected to be a significant element of the whole future wireless communication. The MANETs are infrastructure less, self-forming and self-organizing network in which there is no control of any centralized entity. The nodes are free to move around the network with dynamic topology. But this self formation, flexibility and scalability create many challenges and design constraints like hidden terminal, limited bandwidth, limited energy of a node, unpredictable change in the topology etc. Bandwidth and energy are the scarce resources of the network. In order to effectively manage the consumption of bandwidth and energy, an algorithm is proposed which is the extension of traditional Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) reactive routing protocol. The extended protocol applies the mobile agents to carry the data. The proposed work is intended to optimize the bandwidth and making the protocol energy efficient.
<b>Conservation status of Mascarene Amaranth <I>Aerva congesta</I> Balf.F. Ex Baker (Eudicots: Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae): a Critically Endangered endemic herb of the Mascarenes, Indian Ocean</b>
Authors: Pynee Kersley Bruno , Lorence David Harold , Khurun Poojanraj 
Published: July 2018

Aerva congesta Balf.f. ex Baker (Amaranthaceae), an endemic of Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) is assessed for its conservation status. Considering its local extinction in Rodrigues and very small population in Mauritius, in Round Island and at Gris Gris, south of Mauritius its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 8km². Due to its small AOO and threats by increasing native vegetation and alien species, A. congesta is evaluated as Critically Endangered following the latest IUCN Red List criteria. The species needs an urgent well-defined restoration program and ecological studies to prevent its extinction.
<b>Taxonomic status and additional description of White’s Stalked-eyed Fly <I>Cyrtodiopsis whitei</I> (Curran, 1936) (Diptera: Diopsidae) from India with a key to the allied species and note on its habitat</b>
Authors: Agarwala Basant Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Systematics and ecology of Cyrtodiopsis whitei (Curran, 1936), initially described in brief from a tropical dry deciduous forest in eastern India as Diopsis whitei, remained obscure for want of the type specimens. Recent collections of male and female specimens of this species from a new locality in the northeastern part of India, the country of the type locality, has allowed a fresh appraisal of its morphology, taxonomic position and habitat ecology in the background of several studies done on Diopsidae. Herein are included some new characters, hitherto unknown in the species of Cyrtodiopsis, a taxonomic key to the separation of four species, considered monophyletic under the genus, and a note on the habitat of the species.
<b>The ecology and distribution of percoid fish <I>Dario neela</I> from Wayanad in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Thampy Dencin Rons , Shaji C. P. 
Published: July 2018

Dario neela, a newly described badid fish endemic to the Western Ghats is little known to science. Distribution and ecology of this species is not well documented. In this paper, we provide information on new records of this rare fish from Wayanad region of the Western Ghats and discuss its distribution, ecology and conservation.
<b>The amphibian diversity of selected agroecosystems in the southern Western Ghats, India</b>
Authors: Syamili M. S. , Nameer P. O. 
Published: July 2018

A study was conducted to evaluate amphibian diversity in selected agroecosystems of central Kerala within the southern Western Ghats of India, from January to May 2017. A total of 10 anurans were recorded from cashew plantation, coconut plantation, homegarden and rubber plantation using a combination of quadrat sampling and visual encounter survey. We recorded three species endemic to the Western Ghats: Minervarya keralensis, Pseudophilautus wynaadensis and Indosylvirana urbis from these agroecosystems. Pseudophilautus wynaadensis is a threatened species with Endangered status as per the IUCN Red List. The present study shows a strong relationship between the types of agroecosystems and abundance of different amphibian species. This study highlights the potential of agroecosystems within and adjacent to the Western Ghats mountains to act as important abodes to conserve generalist species of amphibians and to provide a suitable habitat for threatened and endemic species.
<b>Habitat suitability and threat analysis of Greater One-horned Rhinoceros <I>Rhinoceros unicornis</I> Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Rautahat District, Nepal</b>
Authors: Rimal Saru , Adhikari Hari , Tripathi Shankar 
Published: July 2018

The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis has been listed as a Vulnerable species on IUCN Red List, Appendix I of CITES, and a protected animal under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 B.S., 1973. In Nepal, it was found only in Chitwan, Bardia, Shuklaphanta and Parsa national parks, but it has recently been also reported from the forests of Rautahat. The main objectives of the study were to assess habitat suitability and threats for rhinoceros in Rautahat at an elevation range of approximately 300–1,000 m. Remote sensing data and geospatial modeling techniques were used to assess habitat suitability of rhinoceros. Vegetation assessment was carried out for tree, shrubs, and herbs of plot size 10m × 10m, 5m × 5m, 1m × 1m respectively for habitat suitability. Threat analysis was carried out using purposive sampling among local people and their perceptions were collected on the movement of rhinoceros and threats. The integration of nine explanatory variables showed that about 0.06%, 29.18%, 20.45%, and 50.31% of the study area was found to be most suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable habitat respectively for rhinoceros. Out of 30 respondents, 37%, 23%, 20%, and 20% identified the main threat to rhinoceros to be unmanaged habitat, poaching, human-wildlife conflict and environmental factors, respectively. This study recommends parts of the Rautahat District to be extended as the habitat of rhinoceros and starting of immediate conservation initiatives in the area.
<b>Odonate diversity of Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary - a Ramsar site in Gujarat, India</b>
Authors: Rathod Darshana M. , Parasharya B. M. 
Published: July 2018

Odonate diversity of Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar site in Gujarat, was studied between January 2015 and July 2017. A total of 46 species belonging to two suborders, six families, and 27 genera were recorded, which included 14 species of Zygoptera (damselfly) and 32 species of Anisoptera (dragonfly). Out of the 46 species, 40 species are new records for the Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary. The record of Enallagma cyathigerum Charpentier, 1840 in Gujarat needs verification. Need to monitor changes taking place in Odonata species composition after influx from Narmada canal at Nalsarovar is emphasized.
<b>Taking the first steps: Initial mapping of the human-wildlife interaction of the Mauritius Fruit Bat Pteropus niger (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Mauritius by conservation organizations</b>
Authors: Anthony Brandon P. , Tatayah Vikash , De Chazal Deborah 
Published: July 2018

Interactions between people and wildlife have both positive and negative aspects. Negative interactions, commonly termed human-wildlife conflict (HWC), have increased in recent decades due to a number of factors including difficulties in identifying and communicating the complexities of stakeholder values and positions over wildlife and its management. Here, we present the perceptions of two conservation organizations on the landscape of HWC involving the threatened Mauritius Fruit Bat Pteropus niger, Kerr 1792 in Mauritius, including damage to fruit crops and controversial government culls in 2015 and 2016. Participants identified 18 stakeholders in the conflict varying in importance and influence, examined where and how hostility is manifested, and delineated both perceived and real costs of the conflict. Additionally, 13 environmental and 17 social risk factors associated with the conflict were categorized, along with potential policy and management options for mitigation. We argue that initial in-house workshops are advantageous in understanding conservation conflicts before extending dialogue with other stakeholders.
<b><I>Coltriciella dependens</I> (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill, a new addition to wood-rotting fungi of India</b>
Authors: Pongen Ayangla S. , Chuzho Kuno , Harsh N.S.K. , Khar M.S. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: July 2018

Coltriciella dependens a new record of wood rotting fungi is being reported on partially burnt bark of living Pinus kesiya from Meghalaya, India. It is the first record of the genus Coltriciella as well. Macro-microscopical features, photographs, distribution patterns and ecology are discussed.
Zamenis scalaris prefers abandoned citrus orchards in Eastern Spain. Ecological insights from a radio-tracking survey
Authors: Martinez-Freiria Fernando , Lorenzo Marcial , Lizana Miguel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Zamenis scalaris is a generalist active forager Mediterranean snake for which knowledge on spatial ecology is very limited. We report insights into the spatial and temporal patterns, and habitat use of four snakes, obtained through one-year radio-tracking monitoring in a citrus orchard landscape, in Eastern Iberia. Snakes showed a highly secretive behaviour, remaining hidden most of the annual cycle (>96% of records). Annual home ranges and movements were reduced in contrast to the expected energetic requirements of the species. Despite a similar pattern of non-activity during winter and a subsequent increase of movement rate and home range size in spring, each snake adopted a distinct spatial behaviour in summer and autumn. Abandoned citrus orchards and accessory constructions were the most frequent habitats selected by snakes, offering abundant prey and shelter. These resources are likely playing a crucial role in the spatial ecology of Z. scalaris.