bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Young Infants Increase the Risk of Respiratory Readmission
Authors: Toizumi Michiko , Suzuki Motoi , Nguyen Hien Anh Thi , Le Minh Nhat , Ariyoshi Koya , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Hashizume Masahiro , Dang Duc Anh , Yoshida Lay-Myint 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Respiratory viruses cause acute respiratory illness (ARI) in early childhood, but their effect on subsequent ARI admissions is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the association between initial ARI admission because of viruses including human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human adenovirus (HAdV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and the risk of ARI readmission in children.

Methods:
Clinical information and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children <2 years old at their initial ARI admission in Nha Trang, Vietnam, from January 2007 to April 2012. The incidence of ARI readmission during the follow-up period (initial admission to 5 years of age) was compared between children with and without 1 of 13 respiratory viruses (influenza virus A, influenza virus B, RSV, hMPV, parainfluenza virus-1, parainfluenza virus-2, parainfluenza virus-3 and parainfluenza virus-4, HRV, human coronavirus-229E, human coronavirus-OC43, HAdV and human bocavirus) at initial admission.

Results:
A total of 1941 children were enrolled in the study. Viruses were detected in 1254 (64.6%) children at enrollment; HRV, RSV, HAdV and hMPV were detected in 499 (25.7%), 439 (22.6%), 156 (8.0%) and 47 (2.4%) children, respectively. During the follow-up period (4572.7 person-years), 277 children were readmitted with ARI. Virus-related ARI initial admission was associated with an increased risk of ARI readmission for children who were initially admitted before 6 months of age (adjusted rate ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.5). HAdV (4.6; 1.8–11.9), hMPV (20.4; 6.2–66.9) and HRV (1.6; 1.0–2.4) were independently associated with the outcome. These associations were not observed for children whose initial admission occurred after 6 months of age.

Conclusions:
HAdV-, hMPV- and HRV-related initial ARI admissions, when occurring during early infancy, increased the risk of subsequent ARI-related readmission.
Variation in Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensing for Respiratory Infections in Children by Clinician Specialty and Treatment Setting
Authors: Agiro Abiy , Gautam Santosh , Wall Eric , Hackell Jesse , Helm Mark , Barron John , Zaoutis Theoklis , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Hicks Lauri A. , Rosenberg Alan 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This study describes the distribution of ARI diagnoses and specifically quantifies antibiotic dispensing for bronchitis and upper respiratory infection (URI) by treatment setting and specialty.

Methods:
This retrospective, observational cross-sectional study used data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Environment containing claims from 14 commercial health plans for 2012 to 2014. Children (2–17 years) with first-episode ARI were identified by diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis or URI with no competing infections or chronic illnesses. Treatment setting was where diagnoses were made: primary care offices, urgent care centers (UCC), retail health clinics (RHCs) or emergency departments. Primary outcome measure was antibiotic prescription fills from pharmacies within 2 days of start of ARI episode.

Results:
For URI, the highest proportions in antibiotic dispensing were ordered by office-based or UCC family physicians (28% and 30%, respectively) and office-based or UCC nurse practitioners/physician assistants (30% and 29%, respectively). Across all settings and specialties, there was high proportion of antibiotic dispensing for bronchitis (75%). Overall, 48% of 544,531 children diagnosed with ARI filled antibiotics. Nurse practitioners/physician assistants in RHC made the most diagnoses of AOM (24%) and streptococcal pharyngitis (22%).

Conclusions:
Outreach efforts to decrease antibiotic dispensing for URI can be focused on office-based and UCC family physicians and nurse practitioners/physician assistants. All specialties need widespread interventions to reduce antibiotic dispensing for bronchitis. RHC nurse practitioners/physician assistants can be targeted to reduce high proportion of AOM and streptococcal pharyngitis diagnoses.
Luteolin Ameliorates Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis Induced by Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid in Rats
Authors: Yu Qiang , Zhu Jianhong , Sheng Xiaolei , Xu Limin , Hu Kewei , Chen Guilian , Wu Wei , Cai Wei , Chen Weichang , Yin Guojian 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect and possible mechanism of luteolin on chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid–induced CP was used as CP models in vivo. After the intervention of luteolin for 28 days, chronic pancreatic injury was assessed by serum hydroxyproline and pancreatic histology. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was performed to detect the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Pancreatic stellate cells were also isolated and cultured in vitro, and the effect of luteolin on PSCs was evaluated. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) signaling and its regulated mRNA expression was tested by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results
The protective role of luteolin on CP was confirmed by increased pancreas/body weight ratio, decreased pancreas hydroxyproline level, and reduced fibrosis. α-SMA expressions in PSCs were significantly decreased both in vitro and in vivo after the management of luteolin. Pancreas TGF-β1 expression was significantly decreased by luteolin. Luteolin inhibited the proliferation and activation of PSCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Luteolin played a protective role in CP in many aspects, partly by regulating release of inflammatory cytokines through TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
Development and Feasibility of an Interactive Smartphone App for Early Assessment and Management of Symptoms Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Gustavell Tina , Langius-Eklöf Ann , Wengström Yvonne , Segersvärd Ralf , Sundberg Kay 
Published: March 2018

Background
Patients who have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy because of pancreatic cancer experience distressing symptoms and unmet supportive care needs after discharge. To meet these needs, we have developed a mobile health app (Interaktor) for daily assessment of symptoms and access to self-care advice that includes a risk assessment model for alerts with real-time interactions with professionals.

Objective
The study aim was to develop and test a version of the Interaktor app adapted for patients who have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods
The app was developed and tested for feasibility in 6 patients during 4 weeks. One nurse monitored and responded to alerts. Logged data from the app were collected, and all participants were interviewed about their experiences.

Results
Adherence to reporting daily was 84%. Alerts were generated in 41% of the reports. The patients felt reassured and cared for and received support for symptom management. The app was easy to use, had relevant content, and had few technical problems, although suggestions for improvement were given.

Conclusions
The daily reporting of symptoms and having access to a nurse in real time in the case of an alarming symptom seem to enhance symptom management and render a feeling of security in patients. Some modifications of the app are needed before use in a larger sample.

Implications for Practice
Daily reporting of symptoms after pancreaticoduodenectomy enhances symptom management, self-care, and participation without being a burden to patients, indicating that mobile health can be used in clinical practice by patients with poor prognosis who experience severe symptoms.
Accredited Health Department Partnerships to Improve Health: An Analysis of Community Health Assessments and Improvement Plans
Authors: Kronstadt Jessica , Chime Chinecherem , Bhattacharya Bulbul , Pettenati Nicole 
Published: March 2018

Context:
The Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) Standards & Measures require the development and updating of collaborative community health assessments (CHAs) and community health improvement plans (CHIPs).

Objective:
The goal of this study was to analyze the CHAs and CHIPs of PHAB-accredited health departments to identify the types of partners engaged, as well as the objectives selected to measure progress toward improving community health.

Design:
The study team extracted and coded data from documents from 158 CHA/CHIP processes submitted as part of the accreditation process. Extracted data included population size, health department type, data sources, and types of partner organizations. Health outcome objectives were categorized by Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator (LHI), as well as by the 7 broad areas in the PHAB reaccreditation framework for population health outcomes reporting.

Participants:
Participants included health departments accredited between 2013 and 2016 that submitted CHAs and CHIPs to PHAB, including 138 CHAs/CHIPs from local health departments and 20 from state health departments.

Results:
All the CHAs/CHIPs documented collaboration with a broad array of partners, with hospitals and health care cited most frequently (99.0%). Other common partners included nonprofit service organizations, education, business, and faith-based organizations. Small health departments more frequently listed many partner types, including law enforcement and education, compared with large health departments. The majority of documents (88.6%) explicitly reference Healthy People 2020 goals, with most addressing the LHIs nutrition/obesity/physical activity and access to health services. The most common broad areas from PHAB's reaccreditation framework were preventive health care and individual behavior.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the range of partners accredited health departments engage with to collaborate on improving their communities' health as well as the objectives used to measure community health improvement. This illustrates the collaborative nature in which accredited health departments tackle community priorities.
Benefits and Perceptions of Public Health Accreditation Among Health Departments Not Yet Applying
Authors: Heffernan Megan , Kennedy Mallory , Siegfried Alexa , Meit Michael 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To identify the benefits and perceptions among health departments not yet participating in the public health accreditation program implemented by the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB).

Design:
Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered via Web-based surveys of health departments that had not yet applied for PHAB accreditation (nonapplicants) and health departments that had been accredited for 1 year.

Participants:
Respondents from 150 nonapplicant health departments and 57 health departments that had been accredited for 1 year.

Results:
The majority of nonapplicant health departments are reportedly conducting a community health assessment (CHA), community health improvement plan (CHIP), and health department strategic plan—3 documents that are required to be in place before applying for PHAB accreditation. To develop these documents, most nonapplicants are reportedly referencing PHAB requirements. The most commonly reported perceived benefits of accreditation among health departments that planned to or were undecided about applying for accreditation were as follows: increased awareness of strengths and weaknesses, stimulated quality improvement (QI) and performance improvement activities, and increased awareness of/focus on QI. Nonapplicants that planned to apply reported a higher level of these perceived benefits. Compared with health departments that had been accredited for 1 year, nonapplicants were more likely to report that their staff had no or limited QI knowledge or familiarity.

Conclusions:
The PHAB accreditation program has influenced the broader public health field—not solely health departments that have undergone accreditation. Regardless of their intent to apply for accreditation, nonapplicant health departments are reportedly referencing PHAB guidelines for developing the CHA, CHIP, and health department strategic plan. Health departments may experience benefits associated with accreditation prior to their formal involvement in the PHAB accreditation process. The most common challenge for health departments applying for accreditation is identifying the time and resources to dedicate to the process.
Interpersonal Skills Among Fourth- and Fifth-Year Medical Students
Authors: Morel Alexandre , Hardouin Jean-Benoit , Pottier Pierre 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to validate a French version of the standardized patient satisfaction questionnaire (SPSQ), an interpersonal skills assessment form, originally published in English, destined to be completed by SPs and used as a validated tool for the evaluation of communication skills of French medical students, during ambulatory care consultations.

Methods
During the academic year, fourth- and fifth-year medical students participated in mock ambulatory care consultations. The French SPSQ was completed by 16 SPs who performed scenarios written by professors of medicine. Validity evidence for test content, response process, internal structure, and relation to other variables was determined by calculating the Cronbach α coefficient, the Loevinger H index (response coherence), intraclass coefficients, the differences between fourth- and fifth-year students and by using item correlations as well as the correlation with an independent validated assessment form. G theory was used to identify the sources of variations in the mean of SPSQ.

Results
Four hundred thirty-three students were evaluated for a period of 2 months and participated in a total of 1703 mock consultations. The Cronbach α coefficient (0.94) was superior to that of the English SPSQ. The Loevinger H index was good ranging from 0.65 to 0.70. The reproducibility among external observers (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.67) and between external observers and the SPs (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79 and 0.78, respectively) was satisfactory. Results of the French SPSQ were positively and significantly correlated to the scores obtained via an independent, validated, questionnaire (R = 0.72) and showed a significant difference between fourth- and fifth-year students' scores (P < 0.0001). G coefficients were estimated at 0.64 and 0.52 for year 4 and year 5, respectively.

Conclusions
Validity evidence supports the use of French-version SPSQ scores to screen for students experiencing difficulty with communication.
Attempts to implement CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in the oomycetePhytophthora infestans
Authors: van den Hoogen Johan , Govers Francine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFew techniques have revolutionized the molecular biology field as much as genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Recently, a CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed for the oomycetePhytophthora sojae, and since then it has been employed in two otherPhytophthoraspp. Here, we report our progress on efforts to establish the system in the potato late blight pathogenPhytophthora infestans. Using the original constructs as developed forP. sojae, we did not obtain any transformants displaying a mutagenized target gene. We made several modifications to the CRISPR/Cas9 system to pinpoint the reason for failure and also explored the delivery of pre-assembled ribonucleoprotein complexes. With this report we summarize an extensive experimental effort pursuing the application of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted mutagenesis inP. infestansand we conclude with suggestions for future directions.
Evolution of theD. melanogasterchromatin landscape and its associated proteins
Authors: Parey Elise , Crombach Anton 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA associates with numerous protein complexes and RNAs, forming the chromatin landscape. Through a genome-wide study of chromatin-associated proteins inDrosophilacells, five major chromatin types were identified as a refinement of the traditional binary division into hetero- and euchromatin. These five types are defined by distinct but overlapping combinations of proteins and differ in biological and biochemical properties, including transcriptional activity, replication timing and histone modifications. In this work, we assess the evolutionary relationships of chromatin-associated proteins and present an integrated view of the evolution and conservation of the fruit flyD. melanogasterchromatin landscape. We combine homology prediction across a wide range of species with gene age inference methods to determine the origin of each chromatin-associated protein. This provides insight into the emergence of the different chromatin types. Our results indicate that the two euchromatic types, YELLOW and RED, were one single activating type that split early in eukaryotic history. Next, we provide evidence that GREEN-associated proteins are involved in a centromere drive and expanded in a lineage-specific way inD. melanogaster. Our results on BLUE chromatin support the hypothesis that the emergence of Polycomb Group proteins is linked to eukaryotic multicellularity. In light of these results, we discuss how the regulatory complexification of chromatin links to the origins of eukaryotic multicellularity.
Single cell transcriptome profiling of mouse and hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors
Authors: Krentz Nicole A. J. , Lee Michelle , Xu Eric E. , Sasaki Shugo , Lynn Francis C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential unlimited source of insulin-producing β-cells for diabetes treatment. A greater understanding of how β-cells form during embryonic development will improve current hESC differentiation protocols. As β-cells are formed from NEUROG3-expressing endocrine progenitors, this study focused on characterizing the single-cell transcriptomes of mouse and hESC-derived endocrine progenitors. To do this, 7,223 E15.5 and 6,852 E18.5 single cells were isolated fromNeurog3-Cre; Rosa26mT/mGembryos, allowing for enrichment of endocrine progenitors (yellow; tdTomato + EGFP) and endocrine cells (green; EGFP). From aNEUROG3-2A-eGFPCyT49 hESC reporter line (N5-5), 4,497 hESC-derived endocrine progenitor cells were sequenced. Differential expression analysis reveals enrichment of markers that are consistent with progenitor, endocrine, or novel cell-state populations. This study characterizes the single-cell transcriptomes of mouse and hESC-derived endocrine progenitors and serves as a resource (https://lynnlab.shinyapps.io/embryonic_pancreas/) for improving the formation of functional β-like cells from hESCs.
Systematic Elucidation and Validation of OncoProtein-Centric Molecular Interaction Maps
Authors: Broyde Joshua , Simpson David R. , Murray Diana , Giorgi Federico M. , Lachmann Alexander , Jackson Peter K. , Sweet-Cordero E. Alejandro , Honig Barry , Califano Andrea 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe largely incomplete and tissue-independent nature of cancer pathways represents a key limitation to the ability to elucidate mechanistic determinants of cancer phenotypes and to predict adaptive response to targeted therapy. To address these challenges, we propose replacing canonical cancer pathways with a more accurate, comprehensive, and context-specific architecture – dubbed a Protein-Centric molecular interaction Map (PC-Map) – representing modulators, effectors, and cognate binding-partners of any oncoprotein of interest. To reconstruct these complex molecular architecturesde novo, we introduce a novel OncoSig algorithm. Validation of a lung adenocarcinoma specific (LUAD) KRAS-centric PC-Map recapitulated known KRAS biology and, more critically, identified a novel repertoire of proteins eliciting synthetic lethality in KRASG12DLUAD organoid cultures. Showing the generalizable nature of the algorithm, we elucidated PC-Maps for ten recurrently mutated oncoproteins, including KRAS, in distinct tumor contexts. This revealed a highly context-specific nature of cancer’s regulatory and signaling architectures to an unprecedented degree of resolution.
Chronic environmentally relevant levels of Simvastatin induces non-monotonic responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Barros Susana , Montes Rosa , Quintana José Benito , Rodil Rosario , André Ana , Capitão Ana , Soares Joana , Santos Miguel M. , Neuparth Teresa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSimvastatin (SIM), a hypocholesterolaemic compound, is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention worldwide. Several studies have shown that acute exposure to SIM is able to produce multiple adverse effects in aquatic organisms. However, uncertainties still remain regarding the chronic effects of SIM in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of SIM in the model freshwater teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a chronic exposure (90 days) to environmentally relevant concentrations ranging from 8 ng/L to 1000 ng/L. This study used a multi-parametric approach integrating distinct ecological-relevant endpoints, i.e. survival, growth, reproduction and embryonic development, with biochemical markers (cholesterol and triglycerides). Furthermore, Real Time PCR was used to analyse the transcription levels of key genes involved in the mevalonate pathway (hmgcra, cyp51, and dhcr7). Globally, SIM induced several non-monotonic dose-responses; embryonic development, biochemical and molecular markers, were significantly impacted in the low-intermediate concentrations, 40 ng/L and 200 ng/L, whereas no effects were recorded for the highest tested SIM levels (1000 ng/L). Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of statins effects in teleost’s, demonstrating significant impacts at environmentally relevant concentrations. The findings highlight the importance of addressing the effects of chemicals under chronic low-level concentrations.Graphical abstractHighlightsSeveral uncertainties exist regarding simvastatin mode of action in non-target organismsThis work integrates D. rerio multi-level responses after long-term exposure to simvastatinSimvastatin impacted cholesterol/triglycerides levels and transcript levels of genes related to mevalonate pathway.Parental exposure to simvastatin induced offspring embryonic malformations.Embryonic abnormalities, biochemical and molecular data did follow a non-monotonic curve.