bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality assessment in Indonesia coral reef garden Buleleng site area, Bali
Authors: Badriana M R , Nur A A , Hidayatullah AI , Oktaviani D F , Widyananto P A , Park H S , Hutahean A A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) program is announced as a coral reef restoration program and has 5 site areas including in Buleleng, Bali. A plantation program has been done by 2020 but it is necessary to monitor and study regarding the water quality surrounding the restoration area. A field survey in Buleleng was carried out on 6-7 October 2022 to measure ocean parameters both physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for coral life. The bathymetry result at Buleleng varied significantly from shallow to deeper water depth. Many corals are found in the shallow area with the natural coral meanwhile the restoration coral was put in more than 3 m depth. In the study, the sea condition of temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, and DO is 28.52 -29.66 °C, 33.6 - 33.9 ‰, 8.0 - 8.13,1.04 -1.78 FTU, and 4.27 - 4.85 mg/L, respectively. Based on the conformity of water quality, the water condition is good for coral growth. Heavy metal detected in sample water has low levels compared to marine biota threshold in the national standard.
Assessing the selectivity level of sero fishing gear using 5 mm and 15 mm mesh sizes installed in the river estuary area
Authors: Patangngari Fijwal , Musbir Musbir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modifying the size of fishing gear nets from small to large is essential in catching fisheries to rebuild declining fish stocks in coastal areas, which will only be caught when they are gonadically mature. For example, sero equipment often catches young fish. Therefore, real action is needed to overcome this problem. This paper aims to increase fish stocks through experiments on existing sero equipment with 5 mm and 15 mm mesh sizes and compare different fish size structures and catches as a contribution to responsible fisheries management. The research method involved 12 experiments. The data was analyzed using various fingerprints (Anova) and continued with the BNT test. The results of this study show that the highest number of catches is the size of the 15 mm net, with a total catch of 132.893 kg. Then, in second place is the size of the 5 mm net with a total catch of 81.889 kg. In the BNT test analysis, the effect of the difference in net size can have a significant influence on fish catch. Fish caught from a group of benthopelagic organisms: freshwater, brackish, demersal, pelagic neuritic, and reef-associated.
Analysis of the immune parameters of shrimp fed diets supplemented with Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Kadriah Ince Ayu K. , Muliani  , Nurbaya  , Kamaruddin  , Saharani Rafly Ian , Patang  , Sukainah Andi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Currently, one of the approaches that was widely used in efforts to prevent shrimp disease was to increase shrimp immunity. The use of several natural ingredients has been tried to improve the performance of shrimp immune parameters, including the use of mangrove leaf extract and microalgae extract. In this study, supernatant extract and ethyl acetate extract from the microalgae Phaeodactylum sp were used as immunostimulant to improve the immune system function of shrimp. Microalgae supernatants and ethyl acetate extracts were mixed into the feed formula at a rate of 35% of the feed weight. The test animals were 35-day-old shrimp juvenile. Supplemented feeding was carried out for 30 days before the challenge test. During the 30-day maintenance process, hemolymph sampling was carried out every 5 days to determine the Total Haemocyte Count value and Pro-PO activity. After infection with pathogenic Vibrio, hemolymph sampling was carried out therefore there were 2 sampling points in 1 week on day 4th and day 7th. After infection, shrimp survival was recorded daily. The results showed that the addition of Phaeodactylum sp supernatant extract to shrimp feed was able to stabilize and maintain shrimp immune parameters after infection with pathogenic Vibrio bacteria.
Effects of Kelakai leaves aqueous extract (Stenochlaena palustris) on survival rate and hematology Pangasius hypophthalmus
Authors: Aisiah Siti , Rini Ririen Kartika , Olga  , Fatmawati  , Hallisa  , Tanod Wendy Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Natural medicinal plants typical of Kalimantan that can be utilized in controlling Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) are kelakai leaves (Stenochlaena palustris). This study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of kelakai leaves aqueous extract against A. hydrophila in vitro and analyze the effects of various doses of kelakai leaves aqueous extract immersion on the Siamese sutchii catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). The method used in the antibacterial assay of kelakai leaves water extract is the disc diffusion method to determine the effect on the Siamese sutchii catfish with a survival rate and hematology. Six treatments were administered in the study’s entirely randomized design: 50 (P1), 100 (P2), 200 (P3), 400 (P4), and 800 (P5) mg/L of kelakai leaves aqueous extract. The antibacterial assay results of kelakai leave aqueous extract obtained an inhibition zone of 11.00 ± 0.27 mm, almost the same as the antibiotic control of 11.85 ± 0.14 mm. Survival rate assay results on Siamese sutchii catfish survival 83.33 - 96.66%. Hematological parameters of fish include hemoglobin ranging from 6.60 - 10.10 g/dL, erythrocytes 1.12 - 2.09 ×106/μL, leukocytes 197.63 - 259.17 ×103/μL, and hematocrit 21.00 - 24.67%, and. The findings of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of kelakai leaves has antibacterial potential A. hydrophila, and all doses of aqueous extract of kelakai leaves can be applied in the treatment of MAS disease and have strong potential to be developed as a medicinal raw material in controlling A. hydrophila infection.
Compact on-chip arbitrary ratio power splitters based on an inverse design method
Authors: Yang Haoji , Wang Huiqin , Zhang Zijing , Dong Meitong , Feng Yan , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Beam splitter (BS) is an important element for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Conventional BSs designed by traditional approaches are too large to be suitable for PICs. An inverse design method which combines the adjoint method with the finite-difference frequency-domain method (FDFD) and the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) is proposed, in which the adjoint method is adopted to construct the structures while the FDFD is used to simulate the fields of the structures at the target wavelength, and the FDTD is used to study their fields and spectra at a wider wavelength range. And a series of compact Si-based arbitrary ratio power splitters (ARPSs) with splitting ratios (SRs) ranging from 1:1 to 10:1 on 2.5 μm × 2.5 μm substrates have been designed by this method. Their SRs fully match the design expectation accurately with total transmission efficiencies of more than 90% at the target wavelength of 1550 nm. Multi-channels BSs with 3:4:1 and 4:1:3:2 SRs have been designed by this method as well, and have good performance with footprints of 2.5 μm × 2.5 μm and 3.2 μm × 3.2 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the Si3N4-based ARPSs with footprints of 3.0 μm × 4.0 μm have been designed, and their performance met expectations also. The results of 2:1 and 3:1 Si3N4-based ARPSs have been shown that total transmission efficiencies are 88.14% and 91.48% at the center wavelength of 1400 nm. Benefiting from the high speed of FDFD, this method has high optimization efficiency. And all the results simulated by FDTD agree well with FDFD. It provides a robust means to construct compact ARPSs and other nanophotonic devices.
A comprehensive analysis of the impact zone of compressive residual stress induced by ultrasonic shot peening
Authors: Jin Cai , Hao Wu , Xihui Shi , Liwen Zhang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how ultrasonic shot peening (USP) influences compressive residual stress (CRS) in the material surface layer. By combining experimental and simulation analyses, the research explores the distribution and variability of CRS. The results suggest that the residual stress (RS) curve from shot peening may not always conform the typical ‘√’ shape. The experimental results show that, compared to the unpeened specimens, each group curve of the USP specimens exhibits a deeper CRS depth. Notably, within a 30 μm surface layer, certain data points exhibit CRS relaxation, which deviates from the expected behavior. Further research was conducted to simulate the mutual effects of the spheres impact on the material surface, using parameters from the USP treatment experimental. Simulations with a small number of spheres and a model of multiple-shot USP both indicate that higher velocities intensify RS accumulation and accentuate mutual influence between pit locations. Strong interactions among spheres during impact can extend from the surface to the subsurface. The stress vectors of adjacent craters exert compression and tension effects on each other, leading to the formation of tensile residual stress (TRS) in certain local areas. This TRS is often observed at the stacking regions. However, relaxation of CRS at the crater locations can also occur due to the influence of stress vectors. This may potentially cause relaxation in the subsurface RS field due to sphere interactions and pit stress vectors, although this relaxed state is not consistently observed.
Pseudomode treatment of strong-coupling quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Albarelli Francesco , Vacchini Bassano , Smirne Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The treatment of quantum thermodynamic systems beyond weak coupling is of increasing relevance, yet extremely challenging. The evaluation of thermodynamic quantities in strong-coupling regimes requires a nonperturbative knowledge of the bath dynamics, which in turn relies on heavy numerical simulations. To tame these difficulties, considering thermal bosonic baths linearly coupled to the open system, we derive expressions for heat, work, and average system-bath interaction energy that only involve the autocorrelation function of the bath and two-time expectation values of system operators. We then exploit the pseudomode approach, which replaces the physical continuous bosonic bath with a small finite number of damped, possibly interacting, modes, to numerically evaluate these relevant thermodynamic quantities. We show in particular that this method allows for an efficient numerical evaluation of thermodynamic quantities in terms of one-time expectation values of the open system and the pseudomodes. We apply this framework to the investigation of two paradigmatic situations. In the first instance, we study the entropy production for a two-level system (TLS) coupled to an ohmic bath, simulated via interacting pseudomodes, allowing for the presence of time-dependent driving. Secondly, we consider a quantum thermal machine composed of a TLS interacting with two thermal baths at different temperatures, showing that an appropriate sinusoidal modulation of the coupling with the cold bath only is enough to obtain work extraction.
The Challenge to Liberal Constitutionalism
Authors: Mehta Pratap Bhanu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Liberal constitutionalism has always relied on the existence of a national community as a political form within which it can function. But the need of national communities to enact the myth of a unified people can pose a threat to liberal constitutionalism in two ways. The first is by characterizing certain forms of dissent as not just an expression of difference but a threat to the legitimacy of the state. Second, the absence of a specifically liberal theory of political membership means that the logic of national unity can be used to underwrite a politics that is in tension with the values of liberal constitutionalism. Not all populisms are right-wing. But almost all right-wing populisms rely on some form of nationalism. The tensions between liberal constitutionalism and nationalism have never been fully resolved. They are often simply managed. But under the pressure of the populist quest for unity, nationalism can threaten to overwhelm liberalism.
We the Fourth Branch? The People as an Institution Protecting Democracy
Authors: Roznai Yaniv 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the protest movement against the Israeli government’s proposals for judicial overhaul/constitutional reform in 2023. Building on Professor Mark Tushnet’s conceptualization of “fourth branch” institutions protecting democracy, it is argued that when “the people” act through an ad hoc massive and well-organized civil protest movement, with the aim to deal with a major attack on liberal democracy in order to block it, it may also function as a useful institution defending democracy. The protest movement in Israel provides a useful case study for how the civil society movement managed to create sufficient power to slow down and even to block a significant and dangerous attempt to undermine the democratic order.
Popular Constitutionalism during Populist Times
Authors: Bugarič Bojan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This short contribution argues that Professor Mark Tushnet’s scholarship has always been animated by his deep commitment to democratic ideals. Tushnet’s writings on different constitutional law topics reveal his consistent commitment to democracy as a foundational value of his constitutional thinking. As a constitutional law scholar, he is particularly interested in the concept of popular constitutionalism. The key feature of popular constitutionalism is that the people ultimately control the interpretation of constitutional law. In his own articulation of popular constitutionalism, Professor Tushnet seeks to retrieve and reinvent this prominent tradition of American constitutionalism. Building upon the work of Larry Kramer’s seminal historical account of popular constitutionalism, The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review, Professor Tushnet argues that one key feature of this model is that it is a dialogic process. The picture that emerges from the sketches of popular constitutionalism clearly reveals that Professor Tushnet’s conceptualization of popular constitutionalism is not the case against judicial review as such, or, even worse, against the courts and their independence. The core claim of his work is that judges are no better than citizens in making informed decisions about their political choices.
Pluralizing Constitutionalism
Authors: Chan Cora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of Professor Tushnet’s many legacies is his exposition of strains of constitutionalism other than liberal constitutionalism. He has crafted sophisticated accounts of authoritarian constitutionalism and illiberal constitutionalism and offered thought-provoking ideas on Ernst Fraenkel’s concept of the dual state. His attempts at pluralizing constitutionalism have not only brought analytical clarity and allowed us to theorize the regimes that do not fit into the dichotomized framework of authoritarianism versus liberal constitutionalism, but also have important normative implications for constitutional design and strategy. This chapter draws on Professor Tushnet’s contributions on nonliberal constitutionalism and the dual state to examine four issues pertaining to the nature, structure, and significance of the dual state, as well as to the stability of mixed constitutions.
The effect of multidomain lifestyle intervention on health care service use and costs - secondary analyses from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sääskilahti Maria , Kulmala Jenni , Nurhonen Markku , Lehtisalo Jenni , Peltonen Markku , Mangialasche Francesca , Laatikainen Tiina , Strandberg Timo , Antikainen Riitta , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Ngandu Tiia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The Finnish multidomain lifestyle intervention study to prevent cognitive impairment and disability (FINGER, N = 1259), a randomised controlled trial had beneficial effects on morbidity in older people, but to what extent such a lifestyle intervention may affect the use of health care services and their costs especially in long term are unknown.

Objective
This study investigated the effect of a two-year FINGER multidomain intervention on health care service use during the 8-year follow-up. The costs of service use were also evaluated.

Methods
Health care service use obtained from national health care registers (days of inpatient hospital stay and long-term care, number of visits to emergency services, hospital as outpatient, home care, primary care physician and primary care nurse) was analysed among participants of the FINGER. Trial targeted community-dwelling people aged 60–77 years at risk for cognitive impairment, who were randomly allocated to the multidomain intervention or control group. Costs were evaluated as the mean costs of services used.

Results
There were no significant differences in total health care costs between the intervention and control groups. The participants in the intervention group, however, had a lower use of the hospital inpatient care (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–1.00) and emergency services (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.97) than those in the control group. Hospital inpatient care was lower especially among men. The use of other types of health care services did not differ between the groups. The costs of health care service use without including long-term care were lower in the intervention group (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.99).

Conclusions
The FINGER intervention has a potential to reduce the need for the inpatient hospital care and emergency visits and associated costs, especially among men.
Machine learning prediction of early recurrence after surgery for gallbladder cancer
Authors: Catalano Giovanni , Alaimo Laura , Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P , Ruzzenente Andrea , Aucejo Federico , Marques Hugo P , Lam Vincent , Hugh Tom , Bhimani Nazim , Maithel Shishir K , Kitago Minoru , Endo Itaru , Pawlik Timothy M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Gallbladder cancer is often associated with poor prognosis, especially when patients experience early recurrence after surgery. Machine learning may improve prediction accuracy by analysing complex non-linear relationships. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a machine learning model to predict early recurrence risk after resection of gallbladder cancer.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent resection of gallbladder cancer with curative intent between 2001 and 2022 were identified using an international database. Patients were assigned randomly to a development and an evaluation cohort. Four machine learning models were trained to predict early recurrence (within 12 months) and compared using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).

Results
Among 374 patients, 56 (15.0%) experienced early recurrence; most patients had T1 (51, 13.6%) or T2 (180, 48.1%) disease, and a subset had lymph node metastasis (120, 32.1%). In multivariable Cox analysis, resection margins (HR 2.34, 95% c.i. 1.55 to 3.80; P &lt; 0.001), and greater AJCC T (HR 2.14, 1.41 to 3.25; P &lt; 0.001) and N (HR 1.59, 1.05 to 2.42; P = 0.029) categories were independent predictors of early recurrence. The random forest model demonstrated the highest discrimination in the evaluation cohort (AUC 76.4, 95% c.i. 66.3 to 86.5), compared with XGBoost (AUC 74.4, 53.4 to 85.3), support vector machine (AUC 67.2, 54.4 to 80.0), and logistic regression (AUC 73.1, 60.6 to 85.7), as well as good accuracy after bootstrapping validation (AUC 75.3, 75.0 to 75.6). Patients classified as being at high versus low risk of early recurrence had much worse overall survival (36.1 versus 63.8% respectively; P &lt; 0.001). An easy-to-use calculator was made available (https://catalano-giovanni.shinyapps.io/GallbladderER).

Conclusion
Machine learning-based prediction of early recurrence after resection of gallbladder cancer may help stratify patients, as well as help inform postoperative adjuvant therapy and surveillance strategies.
Modulating Lewis acidity with boronamides and boronates: effect on behavior in borylation and cross-coupling
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modulation of boron-Lewis acidities with cyclic boronamide and boronate moieties, which decisively affects the regiochemical outcome of the copper-catalyzed hydroboration of terminal alkynes, is described. The direct Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of strongly Lewis acidity-diminished R–B(dan), previously believed to be inert toward the reaction, is also reported.
Unidirectional reconnection of an inter-atrial epicardial connection with wide right atrial insertion site: a case report
Authors: Hasebe Hideyuki , Furuyashiki Yoshitaka , Yoshida Kentaro , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The epicardial connections (ECs) via intercaval fibres connecting the right-sided pulmonary veins (PVs) and right atrium (RA) can preclude isolation of the right-sided PVs. Such ECs occasionally have a unidirectional conduction property.

Case summary
A 62-year-old man was referred to our institution for catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Circumferential antral PV isolation was performed via point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) applications. Thirty months after the ablation session, a recurrence of PAF was observed and a second procedure was performed. The right-sided PV was reconnected via an EC. Radiofrequency application at the RA insertion eliminated the EC. Thirty minutes thereafter, the right-sided PVs were reconnected. However, repetitive firings from the right-sided PVs did not conduct to the RA, indicating a unidirectional (RA to PV) reconnection of the EC, which was resolved by RF applications at the PV insertion. This time, the PV insertion of the EC was targeted and the unidirectional reconnection was successfully eliminated. The patient has remained free from any tachyarrhythmias for 3 years.

Discussion
Although the mechanism of the unidirectional conduction property is unclear, source-sink mismatch and anisotropy are likely involved in the mechanism, as with accessory pathways. Electrophysiologists should be aware of the potential for unidirectional reconnection of ECs.
Comparison of non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratios shows little evidence for a faster-Z effect in Furcifer chameleons after controlling for gene-specific evolutionary rates
Authors: Andjel Lucija , Kratochvíl Lukáš , Rovatsos Michail 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The faster-X/Z effect hypothesis states that genes linked to X/Z chromosomes should accumulate mutations faster than autosomal genes. Although faster evolution of X/Z-linked genes has been reported in several plant and animal lineages, conflicting results have been reported in others. We examined the faster-Z effect in chameleons of the genus Furcifer, a lineage with differentiated ZZ/ZW chromosomes for at least 20 million yr. We sequenced the genomes of four species of Furcifer chameleons in the Illumina platform and compared the substitution rates of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations and their ratios among autosomal, Z-specific, and pseudoautosomal protein-coding genes. The inclusion of two chameleon outgroups lacking the differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes allowed us to control for gene-specific evolutionary rates that might confound the testing of the faster-X/Z effect. Significant differences in evolutionary rates were found between autosomal, Z-specific, and pseudoautosomal genes of Furcifer chameleons. However, the inclusion of the outgroups with different sex chromosomes suggests that these genes had different evolutionary rates prior to their incorporation into the differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of the Furcifer genus. The results highlight the need to control for differences in the evolutionary rates of individual genes when testing for the faster-X/Z effect.