bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye injuries in children – incidence and outcomes: An observational study at a dedicated children’s eye casualty
Authors: Jolly Rohit , Arjunan Mousindha , Theodorou Maria , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret H 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Trauma is an important cause of visual loss in children and may affect their quality of life. Prevention and legislation can reduce the incidence of trauma, and appropriate and timely treatment can improve prognosis. We aimed to describe incidence of eye injuries in children and the adherence to national and local management guidelines. Methods: Retrospective service evaluation at a tertiary hospital (Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK) which operates a dedicated children’s eye casualty. The electronic patient administration system and electronic patient record system (Openeyes) were used to identify children who presented with eye injuries between January 2015 and December 2015. Results: Of 2397 first-time attendances to our children’s casualty, 508 were for injuries (estimated incidence 21.1%, 95% confidence interval: 19.5%–22.7%). Mean age at presentation was 7.51 (standard deviation: 7.97) years; boys were more commonly affected than girls (69%). The most common injury was corneal abrasion, followed by blunt and chemical injury; severe injuries such as penetrating trauma were rare. Injuries were sustained mostly during play or sports. Two children sustained permanent loss of vision in the affected eye. Conclusion: Our findings are comparable to other published reports. Adherence to management guidelines is high, but documentation of advice given to families can be improved. Regular training of staff and collaboration with organisations outside the hospital can increase awareness of eye injuries in children.
The national burden of periprosthetic hip fractures in the US: costs and risk factors for hospital readmission
Authors: Reeves Russell A , Schairer William W , Jevsevar David S 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Periprosthetic hip fractures (PPFX) are serious complications that result in increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Decreasing hospital readmissions has been a recent healthcare focus, but little is known about the overall costs associated with PPFX or the risk factors associated with readmissions. We investigated patient demographics, treatment types, 30- and 90-day readmission rates, direct costs, and patient risk factors associated with PPFX readmission. Methods: We used the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database to select patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), revision THA, and PPFX treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or revision THA. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the 90-day all-cause hospital readmission rate, and risk factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Results: We identified 1269 patients with PPFX treated with ORIF and 3254 treated with revision THA. 90-day readmissions were 20.9% and 27.3%, respectively. Patients with PPFX were older, female, and had multiple medical comorbidities. Patient factors associated with increased risk of readmission include: age; comorbidities; and discharge to skilled nursing facility; Medicare or Medicaid insurance. Hospital factors associated with increased risk of readmission include: large hospitals; nonprofits; metropolitan and teaching hospitals. The cost of readmission for PPFX treated with ORIF was $17,206 and revision THA was $16,504. Discussion: Periprosthetic hip fractures have high rates of hospital readmission, implying a significant burden to the healthcare system. Identifying risk factors is an important step towards identifying treatment pathways that can improve outcomes.
Effectiveness of a novel, automated telephone intervention on time to hospitalisation in patients with COPD: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sink Eric , Patel Kunjan , Groenendyk Jacob , Peters Robert , Som Avik , Kim Ellen , Xing Maggie , Blanchard Melvin , Ross Will 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Owing to its capacity to perform remote assessments, telemedicine is rising as a new force in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. We conducted an eight month randomised-controlled-trial to study the effect of an automated telemedicine intervention on patients’ time-to-hospitalisation. Methods A total of 168 patients with a diagnosis of COPD in the past 24 months were enrolled to receive the intervention at a primary care clinic. The treatment group received daily phone messages from an automated system asking them to report if they were breathing better than, worse than, or the same as the day prior. Patients reported their breathing status by responding to the text message or call. If a patient reported breathing worse, an alert was sent directly to that patient’s provider within the clinic. The control group received the same daily phone messages as the treatment group. However, no proactive breathing alerts were ever generated to the provider for these subjects. The primary outcome was the subjects’ time-to-first-COPD-related hospitalisation following the start of messages. Results The treatment group’s time-to-hospitalisation was significantly different than the control group’s with a hazard ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval 1.02–5.45, p = 0.0443). The number needed-to-treat ratio was 8.62. Subject engagement consistently ranged between 60% and 75%. The treatment group received both proactive monitoring and follow-up care from the providers. Discussion Active monitoring with provider feedback enables the detection of exacerbation events early enough for subjects to avoid admissions. The use of non-smartphone interventions reduces barriers to care presented by more complicated and expensive technologies. This intervention represents a simple, innovative, and inexpensive tool for improved COPD management.
Tablet-based tele-audiometry: Automated hearing screening for schoolchildren
Authors: Samelli Alessandra G , Rabelo Camila M , Sanches Seisse G Gandolfi , Martinho Ana C , Matas Carla G 
Published: October 2018

Introduction To assess the performance of a tablet-based tele-audiometry method for automated hearing screening of schoolchildren through a comparison of the results of various hearing screening approaches. Methods A total of 244 children were evaluated. Tablet-based screening results were compared with gold-standard pure-tone audiometry. Acoustic immittance measurements were also conducted. To pass the tablet-based screening, the children were required to respond to at least two out of three sounds for all the frequencies in each ear. Several hearing screening methods were analysed: exclusively tablet-based (with and without 500 Hz checked) and combined tests (series and parallel). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Results A total of 9.43% of children presented with mild to moderate conductive hearing loss (unilateral or bilateral). Diagnostic values varied among the different hearing screening approaches that were evaluated: sensitivities ranged from 60 to 95%, specificities ranged from 44 to 91%, positive predictive values ranged from 15 to 44%, negative predictive values ranged from 95 to 99%, accuracy values ranged from 49 to 88%, and area under curve values ranged from 0.690 to 0.883. Regarding diagnostic values, the highest results were found for the tablet-based screening method and for the series approach. Discussion Compared with the results obtained by conventional audiometry and considering the diagnostic values of the different hearing screening approaches, the highest diagnostic values were generally obtained using the automated hearing screening method (including 500 Hz). Thus, this application, which was developed for the tablet computer, was shown to be a valuable hearing screening tool for use with schoolchildren. Therefore, we suggest that this hearing screening protocol has the potential to improve asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.
Qualitatively exploring the suitability of tablet computers to encourage participation with activities by people with moderate stage dementia
Authors: Smith Sarah Kate , Mountain Gail A , Hawkins Rebecca J 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Opportunities to participate with enjoyable activities is one of the most frequently reported unmet needs by the person living with dementia. Enabling and intuitive technologies may offer accessible ways to engage with such activities. Objectives To explore how tablet computers might encourage participation in enjoyable activities by people with moderate levels of dementia and to consider how such technologies might be incorporated into the repertoire of activities currently provided through day care settings. Methods A focused visual ethnographic approach was developed specifically to meet the research objectives. Twelve participants attending a community day care centre and nine supporters (both volunteers and paid staff) consented to take part in the research. Technology facilitated group activity sessions took place twice a week for a period of four weeks and all were video recorded. Findings: Video analysis demonstrated that the majority of people with dementia found the technology an effective means of participating in enjoyable activities. Analysis also revealed the extent to which participation relies on the existence of effective support. It showed how maintaining focus on retained strengths and abilities enabled the group overall to meet and often exceed their own and others perceived capacity to participate. Finally, analysis confirmed the importance of enjoyment of activities ‘in the moment’ and the need for those supporting people in the moderate stages of dementia to acknowledge and work with this. Conclusion The use of tablet computers to enhance participation in sociable and enjoyable activities in day care settings is realistic and achievable if supported appropriately.
Reducing falls among people living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Peek Kerry , Bryant Jamie , Carey Mariko , Dodd Natalie , Freund Megan , Lawson Samuel , Meyer Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Background People diagnosed with dementia are at greater risk of falls. Given the increasing incidence of dementia globally, high quality and methodologically rigorous research is needed to inform evidence-based practice initiatives. Aims To describe the published literature related to describing, reducing or preventing fall incidences for people living with dementia including: (1) trends in the total number of intervention and non-intervention studies between 1997 and 2016; (2) the methodological quality of identified intervention studies; and (3) the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the incidence of falls among people living with dementia. Methods A systematic review of five databases was conducted to identify studies reporting any aspect of falls incidence for people with a diagnosis of dementia. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria were coded as intervention or non-intervention studies. Intervention studies were assessed using Cochrane’s Effective Practice and Organisation of Care tool. Data about the effectiveness of interventions meeting Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria were extracted. Results Seventy-two eligible studies were identified; 57 were non-intervention studies, and 15 were intervention studies. The number of published studies increased between 1997 and 2016, peaking in 2013 ( n = 10). Of the 15 intervention studies, seven studies met Effective Practice and Organisation of Care design criteria with one study rated low risk on all eight Effective Practice and Organisation of Care risk of bias domains. One high-risk exercise-based intervention study demonstrated a significant reduction in falls among people living with dementia. Conclusions There is currently insufficient evidence to endorse any intervention to reduce falls for people living with dementia in any setting. More high-quality intervention studies are needed.
A Work and Learning Dual System Model for Talent Development in South Korea: A Multiple Stakeholder View
Authors: Chai Dae Seok , Kim Sehoon , Kim Minjung 
Published: October 2018

The Problem Although a continual nationwide drive to develop human resources has enabled Korea to achieve rapid economic growth, Korean society has recently faced several emerging social and economic issues at the national, organizational, and individual levels including a higher unemployment rate, a competency mismatch between the skills new employees possess and what employers require, and the required additional cost of reeducation. To address these issues, the Korean government and private organizations have cooperated to create a new government-private sector collaboration model called a work and learning dual system (WLDS). The Solution Our study explored how WLDS functions in the workplace and its influence on learning and performance outcomes at various levels through interviews with multiple stakeholders and documents collected from the organizations responsible for the implementation of WLDS. Twelve employees in the organizations were interviewed, and internal and external documents were analyzed. The findings were presented within the key dimensions of talent development by Garavan, Carbery, and Rock, and the outcomes were specified from multiple stakeholders at various levels. WLDS provides important implications for research on not only talent development but also human resource development (HRD) practices through public–private partnerships. The Stakeholders The findings offer several important practical insights for multiple stakeholders. HRD practitioners and policy makers in emerging markets can learn from this type of combined talent development program with structured off- and on-the-job-training. In terms of national HRD, they can strategically and systematically improve their talent development programs and cooperate with relevant governmental agencies.
Talent Management and Development in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Dirani Khalil , Bowman Eric , Guyer Thomas , Kasper Richard , Makarem Yasmeen , Ray Sarah , Wang Chih-Wei , Xie Lei 
Published: October 2018

The Problem Although there is a surge in research on Talent management and talent development (hence forward TMD) practices across different regions, most of what we know about these topics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is based on government and practitioners’ reports. Nowadays, UAE is going through unprecedented times of growth. Organizations are operating in a diverse environment created by a smart government vision and practical policies that allowed the UAE to be labeled as a talent magnet destination. Still, TMD activities seem to be influenced by a two-tier system, one for Emirati nationals and another for expatriates. The question is whether the UAE is able to continue its growth through current TMD practices or whether a more strategic approach is needed to address the current TMD challenges and to meet the needs of individuals and of organizations. The Solution The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of professionals’ perspectives in different sectors about (a) the government policies, (b) current activities, and (c) challenges and contextual factors that affect the current state of TMD in the country. Once we understand the different policies, activities, and challenges, practitioners and leaders can use TMD as a source of power, or a strategy, that can lead people and organizations into success. The Stakeholders Human resources and organization development experts working in international contexts, administrators in academic institutions, and leaders in government organizations interested in HRD in the context of the UAE, will find the information presented in this study useful.
Direct costs of glaucoma: Relationship between cost and severity of the disease
Authors: Real JP , Lafuente MC , Palma SD , Tártara LI 
Published: October 2018

Objectives To estimate the direct medical costs associated with the management of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and to compare the costs of patients according to the degree of severity. Methods A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out using all patients with primary open-angle glaucoma that recorded follow-up from May 2010 to June 2013 at the Hospital Privado de Córdoba. We estimated the cost of the disease from the perspectives of the institution, with a bottom-up approach. Results The three-year follow-up after treatment of 104 patients revealed that the average cost of care for a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma was US$2746 ± 1560. The first year of treatment was significantly more expensive than subsequent ones (US$1100–$810–$827). Cost was related to the degree of severity of glaucoma; patients in “Stage 0” had significantly lower costs than those in other groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.01). This was a consequence of lower costs associated with medication and a lower percentage of patients undergoing surgery. Discussion The direct medical costs of a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma vary according to the severity of their disease and the year of treatment. We found that costs increased with disease severity, but decreased over time.
Statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the Very Early Rehabilitation in Speech (VERSE) after stroke trial: an international 3-arm clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of early, intensive, prescribed, direct aphasia therapy
Authors: Godecke Erin , Rai Tapan , Cadilhac Dominique A , Armstrong Elizabeth , Middleton Sandy , Ciccone Natalie , Whitworth Anne , Rose Miranda L , Holland Audrey , Ellery Fiona , Hankey Graeme J , Bernhardt Julie ,   for the VERSE Collaboration
Published: October 2018

Background Limited evidence exists to support very early intensive aphasia rehabilitation after stroke. VERSE is a PROBE trial designed to determine whether two types of intensive aphasia therapy, beginning within 14 days of acute stroke, provide greater therapeutic and cost-effectiveness than usual care. Objective To publish the detailed statistical analysis plan for the VERSE trial prior to unblinding. This statistical analysis plan was based on the published and registered VERSE trial protocol and was developed by the blinded steering committee and management team, led by the trial statistician. This plan was developed using outcome measures and trial data collection forms. Results The VERSE statistical analysis plan is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides for clear and open reporting. Conclusions Publication of a statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial reporting bias and outlines transparent pre-specified analyses. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Registration number: ACTRN12613000776707; Universal Trial Number (UTN) is U1111-1145-4130.
Who do the women trust for maternity care: A knowledge network–based study in rural India
Authors: Amrita  , Roy Ram Babu 
Published: October 2018

Background: Knowledge about the causes of critical ailments and risks during a maternity episode is crucial for women’s health. Although maternity-care knowledge is present both in explicit and tacit forms, there is a lack of requisite knowledge among women. Rural women rely on their community for such knowledge. Objective: This article sought to analyse knowledge-sharing practices of rural women in India in relation to critical decisions during a maternity episode. Method: Primary data were gathered through interview of 306 married women, who had had at least one childbirth during the previous 5 years, and were collected using structured interviews conducted in 10 villages of two districts in West Bengal, India. Their knowledge level of risks and networks of communication was examined for four critical decisions: (i) general health, (ii) choice of delivery method, (iii) antenatal check-up visits and (iv) nutrition. Results: This empirical study using degree-centrality method demonstrated that the pattern of knowledge flow is not uniform for different types of decisions. Many women were not aware of critical danger signs during pregnancy episodes. Only 28% of participants could mention at least three danger signs during pregnancy episodes. For the purposes of this study, these women were considered “knowledgeable.” Discussion: Maternal health in the community could be improved by redesigning the knowledge network for sharing the maternity-care knowledge of risks and danger signs. This research highlights the influence of culture on maternity-related knowledge-sharing in rural India and uncovers structural holes in the knowledge network. Implications: Results of this research could be used to design policies and programs to create community-based knowledge networks for maternity care.
The etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding depending on patient's age and gender
Authors: Song Joo Hye , Hong Sung Noh , Kyung Chang Dong , Ran Jeon Seong , Kim Jin-Oh , Kim Jinsu , Lee Bo-In , Choi Myung-Gyu , Kim Kyeong Ok , Yang Dong-Hoon , Song Hyun Joo , Hyuk Do Jae , Jeong Lim Yun , Shim Ki-Nam , Park Soo Jung , Kim Ji Hyun , Moon Jeong Seop , Joo Jang Hyun , Jai Chun Hoon 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundWhether the etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding depends on the age and gender of the patient is not yet fully understood.MethodsA total of 1953 patients who underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE) to evaluate potential small‐bowel bleeding and were registered in the Capsule Endoscopy Nationwide Database Registry from 2003 to 2014 were eligible for this study. VCE findings and the etiology of small‐bowel bleeding were analyzed by age and gender.ResultsThe diagnostic yield of VCE was 48.4% (95% CI: 46.2%–50.6%) and the diagnosis rate of etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding was 61.4% (95% CI: 59.2%–63.6%). The etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding depends on the age and gender of the patient. Crohn's disease and small‐bowel diverticular diseases were more prevalent etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding in the young adults group (< 40 years) whereas angiodysplasia was revealed to be a most common etiology in elderly group (≥ 60 years), reaching statistical significance (p<0.00152) by Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsThe etiology of potential small‐bowel bleeding depends on the age of the patient. Thus, an individualized lesion‐specific diagnostic approach based on age might be needed for patients with potential small‐bowel bleeding.