bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to in vitro culture and callus initiation in Salvia hispanica L. (chia)
Authors: Revutskaya A. Z. , Holubenko A. V. , Nuzhyna N. V. , Rudik H. O. , Taran N. Yu. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Preparation of aseptic seedlings Salvia hispanica L., callus initiation in vitro and establishment of primary explants suitable for the callus production. Methods. Seeds are sprouted on our own modification of conventional methods. The non-hormonal Murashige-Skoog agarized nutrient medium was used as basic medium for the experiments. Parts of one-month seedlings (roots, hypocotyl, cotyledon leaves) were used as explants for the use of the colza. We added growth regulators (BAP, 2,4-D) in different concentration combinations into the nutrient medium for callus initiation. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Office Excel. Results. Aseptic S. hispanica seedlings have been obtained. The callus growth was initiated on all types of explants, the dependence of the callus intensity on the type of explants and the growth regulators content in the nutrient medium was established. Morphogenic callus and root-regenerants have been obtained. Conclusions. Hypocotyl was the most suitable primary explant for callus growth. Seedlings, leaves and roots showed low morphogenetic capacity. The nutrient medium with an elevated 2,4-D content was the most effective for initiation of callus genesis and proliferation of non-morphogenous callus. A high concentration of 2,4-D in the medium improves S. hispanica callus growth but suppresses its morphogenic ability.Keywords: Salvia hispanica (Chia), in vitro culture, callus.
A common Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type from poultry and human gastroenteritis in Ibagué, Colombia
Authors: Fandiño Luz Clemencia , Verjan Noel 
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Salmonella Enteritidis es una de las mayores causas de salmonelosis en el mundo, siendo los huevos contaminados y la carne de pollo cruda sus principales fuentes de infección. En Ibagué, Colombia, se identificaron los principales serovares circulando en granjas, superficies de huevos y canales de pollo, sin embargo, se desconoce si esos serovares son responsables de gastroenteritis.
Objetivo. Evaluar la relación genética entre aislamientos de Salmonella Enteritidis de aves de corral y humanos con gastroenteritis mediante multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Materiales y métodos. Se aisló Salmonella spp., de casos clínicos de gastroenteritis (n=110). Se realizó test de sensibilidad antibiótica, seguido de serotipificación y tipificación por medio de MLST y se comparó S. Enteritidis de humanos frente a S. Enteritidis de granjas ponedoras y de huevo comercializado (n=6).
Resultados. Se aislaron 10 cepas de Salmonella spp., a partir de heces de humanos con gastroenteritis. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de Salmonella spp. de 9.09%, siendo S. Enteritidis (n=4), S. Typhymurium (n=2), S. Newport (n=1), S. Grupensis (n=1), S. Uganda (n=1) y S. Braenderup (n=1) los serotipos presentes en pacientes con gastroenteritis. El MLST indico que un tipo de secuencia común (ST11) de S. Enteritidis estuvo presente en todas las tres fuentes y mostraron el mismo patrón de resistencia antibiótica.
Conclusión. S. Enteritidis ST11 constituye un vínculo entre el consumo/manipulación de huevos contaminados y gastroenteritis humana en Ibagué. Son necesarios estudios complementarios para conocer si otros serovares de Salmonella aislados de carne de pollo cruda también se asocian con la gastroenteritis humana.
Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students Studying in Modular, Semester and Annual Examination System
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Shaheen Shehla , Ahmed Farah , Zahid Nisha , Israr Noor , Zehra Dabeeran 
Published: September 2019

Background: When there are high demands besides less resources, a person experiences a feeling of fear that is known as “Stress”. Students of professional schools/colleges and universities are encounter more stress than the general population as they are in a transitory phase from adolescence to adulthood. It has been highlighted that medical education has greater association with stress. There are three examination systems that are been followed by medical colleges of Pakistan (modular, semester and annual systems). However, to the best of our knowledge, no data is available to show the association of stress with current examination systems in our country.
Aims: The objectives of our study were to find out the association of stress with different examination systems and to identify the frequency of stress causing and coping factors adopted by 1st, 2nd and 3rd year medical students studying in colleges having different examination systems i.e. modular, semester and annual.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place & Duration of Study: This study was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 in three medical colleges of Sindh having above mentioned examination systems.
Study Population: Medical students of 1st 2nd and 3rd year.
Methodology: To assess depression, anxiety and stress among study population, DASS Scale was used. To identify the stress causing and coping factors in the students Likert scale based proforma with 19 factors were given to the selected participants
Results: There was no significant association of examination system with depression, anxiety and stress, however various stress causing and coping factors were found significant in altering medical student`s life.
Conclusion: According to our study, the frequency of stress in the medial students has no association with the examination systems (modular, semester and annual), currently followed by the medical colleges in Sindh, Pakistan.
Digital‐Analog Integrated Optoelectronic Memristor Based on Carbon Dot for Ternary Opto‐Electronic Logic and Sen‐Memory Applications
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Zhao Xiaoning , Xie Dan , Lin Ya , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Zhuangzhuang , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic memristor with light as an additional stimulus is generating interest in various remarkable optical‐electrical‐coupled applications. Herein, an optoelectronic memristor with hybrid digital‐analog switching behavior is developed by incorporating carbon dots (CDs) into the polymethylmethacrylate and the polystyrene layers as charge trapping medium. The memristor exhibits tri‐stable digital switching behavior under electro‐optical programming and analog switching behavior under optical programming. For the digital switching, the SET and RESET voltage of the memristor can be modulated through UV light illumination. Taking advantage of the cooperation of electrical and light stimuli, new ternary optoelectronic logic algorithm implementations with all‐electric or all‐optical signals as inputs are proposed. For the analog switching, the device resistance can be gradually modulated through UV light illumination and output intensity‐ and duration‐dependent characteristics. These features endow the memristor with fused image sensing‐and‐memory (sen‐memory) capability without an auxiliary bias. In addition, the sen‐memory can perform image contrast enhancement operation as the preprocessing operation of the human retina, which can improve the subsequent image recognition rate in the processing tasks. The multifunctional memristor highlights the potential for ternary optoelectronic computing and artificial vision applications, and also, is expected to expand the application scopes of CDs.
ChatG‐PD? Comparing large language model artificial intelligence and faculty rankings of the competitiveness of standardized letters of evaluation
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin , Sehdev Morgan , Schrepel Caitlin , Bord Sharon , Pelletier‐Bui Alexis , Alvarez Al’ai , Dubosh Nicole M. , Park Yoon Soo , Shappell Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile faculty have previously been shown to have high levels of agreement about the competitiveness of emergency medicine (EM) standardized letters of evaluation (SLOEs), reviewing SLOEs remains a highly time‐intensive process for faculty. Artificial intelligence large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for effectively analyzing large volumes of data across a variety of contexts, but their ability to interpret SLOEs is unknown.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the ability of LLMs to rate EM SLOEs on competitiveness compared to faculty consensus and previously developed algorithms.MethodsFifty mock SLOE letters were drafted and analyzed seven times by a data‐focused LLM with instructions to rank them based on desirability for residency. The LLM was also asked to use its own criteria to decide which characteristics are most important for residency and revise its ranking of the SLOEs. LLM‐generated rank lists were compared with faculty consensus rankings.ResultsThere was a high degree of correlation (r = 0.96) between the rank list initially generated by LLM consensus and the rank list generated by trained faculty. The correlation between the revised list generated by the LLM and the faculty consensus was lower (r = 0.86).ConclusionsThe LLM generated rankings showed strong correlation with expert faculty consensus rankings with minimal input of faculty time and effort.
Neuropathology of trisomy 21 mosaicism in a case with early‐onset dementia
Authors: Ngo Phong T. , Pascual Jesse R. , Wright Sierra , Williams Christopher K. , Magaki Shino , Yong William H. , Vinters Harry V. , Ringman John M. , Head Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study investigated the impact of trisomy 21 mosaicism (mT21) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in a well‐characterized clinical case described by Ringman et al.METHODSWe describe AD neuropathology in mT21 including amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau, astrogliosis, microgliosis, α‐synuclein, and TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) in cerebral cortex, hippocampal subregions, and amygdala using immunohistochemistry.RESULTSWe observed high AD neuropathologic change with a score of A3B3C3. In addition, there was widespread astrogliosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and perivascular space widening throughout the brain. Lewy bodies and neurites were noted in the amygdala only and no TDP‐43 was observed.DISCUSSIONThe findings in this case report highlight that mT21 is sufficient to induce AD neuropathology and early‐onset dementia.HIGHLIGHTS
Trisomy 21 mosaicism (mT21) occurs when three copies of chromosome 21 are present in some but not all somatic cells in an individual. mT21 accounts for ≈ 2% of people diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS).
Immunohistochemical identification of amyloid beta, tau, astrocytes, microglia, α‐synuclein, and TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 show that Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in mT21 is similar to full trisomy 21.
The findings in this case report highlight that mT21 is sufficient to induce AD neuropathology and early‐onset dementia.
Novel Benzothiazole–Benzonitrile‐Based Fluorescent Chromophore: Synthesis, DFT, Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Nami Samar Y. Al , Hossan Aisha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe synthetic strategy for the benzothiazole–benzonitrile chromophore 6 involved three sequences of reactions. It was initiated by condensation of 2‐amino‐4‐nitrothiophenol (2) with 4‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)benzaldehyde (1) to produce the corresponding 5‐nitrobenzothiazole compound 3 followed by reduction of compound 3 into the 5‐aminobenzothiazole compound 4 and then ended by condensation of 5‐aminobenzothiazole compound 4 with 4‐formylbenzonitrile (5). The chromophore's absorption and emission spectra have been measured in EtOH and presented good Stokes' shift ( = 8363 cm−1). The DFT configuration of the frontier molecular orbits in gas and solvated ground state (So) were compared with the solvated excited state (S1). The synthesized chromophore 6 was assessed for its antimicrobic properties against a group of bacterial and fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using standard broth microdilution assay. Notably, chromophore 6 exhibited remarkable MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (< 48 and < 118 μg/mL). Regarding the antibacterial effectiveness against both S. aureus and E. coli, molecular docking was performed to simulate their binding interactions with two protein structures, PDB:2eg7 and PDB:3u2k. The SwissADME study has been applied to explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of chromophore 6.
Selective Recruitment of a Synthetic Histone Acetyltransferase Can Boost CHO Cell Productivity
Authors: Butterfield Sienna P. , Sizer Rebecca E. , Saunders Fay L. , White Robert J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIndustrial production of biologics typically involves the integration of transgenes into host cell genomes, most often Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Epigenetic control of transgene expression is a major determinant of production titers. Although the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter has long been used to drive industrial transgene expression, we found that its associated histones are suboptimally acetylated in CHO cells, providing an opportunity to enhance productivity through epigenetic manipulation. Expression of monoclonal antibody mRNAs increased up to 12‐fold when a CRISPR‐dCas9 system delivered the catalytic domain of a histone acetyltransferase to the CMV promoter. This effect was far stronger than when promoter DNA was selectively demethylated using dCas9 fused to a 5‐methylcytosine dioxygenase. Mechanistically, acetylation‐mediated transcriptional activation involved heightened phosphorylation and activity of RNA polymerase II, enabling it to escape promoter‐proximal pausing at the transgene. This approach almost doubled the titer and specific productivity of antibody‐producing CHO cells, demonstrating the potential for biomanufacturing.
Frequency of Child Abuse Before, During and After Confinement by COVID‐19: A Multicentre Cross‐Sectional Study in Bogotá
Authors: Zuloaga‐Sarmiento Maria Camila , Nofal‐Ladino Juan Jose , Palacios‐Ariza Maria Alejandra , Benavides‐Cruz Johana , Duran Maria Esperanza , Briceño German Darío 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChild abuse represents a significant global issue with profound short‐ and long‐term social consequences. The COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated risk factors associated with child abuse, particularly during confinement periods. This study aimed to assess the frequency of child abuse in three health institutions in Bogotá from 2019 to 2021, encompassing the pre‐pandemic, social isolation and social reopening phases. A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted involving patients under 18 years diagnosed with child abuse through the ‘Buen Trato’ program at Clinica Colsanitas S.A. The study calculated the overall frequency of abuse across different periods and utilized descriptive statistics to characterize the cases. A total of 294 cases were identified, with a median age of 9.3 years; 60.9% were female, and 42.5% were adolescents. Sexual abuse emerged as the most prevalent form of abuse, primarily perpetrated by parents. The overall confirmed child abuse frequency was 47.6%, with a notable rise in cases during the pandemic: pre‐pandemic (confirmed/reported: 104/207; 50.2%), social isolation (144/302; 47.7%) and social reopening (46/109; 42.2%). Interestingly, during the social isolation period, there was a decline in reported suspected abuse cases in health institutions, likely due to access barriers created by confinement measures.
Effect of Electrolyte pH in Additive‐Free NiFe Catalyst Electrodeposition for Electro‐Catalytic OER Applications
Authors: Cieluch Maximilian , Kazamer Norbert , Böhm Leonard , Sanden Sebastian , Zerebecki Swen , Wirkert Florian , Apfel Ulf–Peter , Brodmann Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents the correlation between electrolyte pH, surface morphology, chemical speciation and electro‐catalytic oxygen evolution activity of additive‐free electrodeposited NiFe catalysts for application in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. Spherical morphologies were identified at pH 0, shifting towards honey‐combed structures at pH 4 with increasing surface area, especially at pH 3. Further, the electrolyte pH was found to influence the NiFe composition and electro‐catalytic activity. Enhanced OER activity was noted at pH 2 with overpotentials of 214 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 267 mV at 100 mA cm−2. The results reveal that the electrolyte pH is a parameter not only influencing the morphology but also tailoring the surface area, Fe oxide and Fe hydroxide composition and consequently the catalytic activity. Further, the outcomes highlight the electrolyte pH as a key process parameter that should be adjusted according to the application, and may substitute the addition of electrolyte‐additives, proposing a simpler method for improving catalyst electrodeposition.
A review of statistical process monitoring methods for non‐linear and non‐Gaussian industrial processes
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wang Kai , Zhang Yilan , Liang Dan , Jia Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn modern industrial processes, the growing emphasis on product quality and efficiency has led to increased attention on safety and quality issues within industrial processes. Over the past two decades, there has been extensive research into multivariate statistical process monitoring methods. However, basic statistical process monitoring methods still face significant challenges when applied in diverse real‐world operating conditions. This paper offers a comprehensive review of statistical process monitoring methods for industrial processes. First, this paper begins by outlining the methodologies and modelling procedures commonly used in statistical process monitoring for industrial processes. Then, examine the current research landscape across various aspects of these methods. Finally, this paper delves into the extensions, opportunities, and challenges within statistical process monitoring for industrial processes, offering insights for future research directions.
Phylogeography, Historical Population Demography, and Climatic Modeling of Two Bird Species Uncover Past Connections Between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Castro‐Astor Ivandy N. , Cracraft Joel , Tello José G. , Alves Maria Alice S. , Mauck William M. , Aleixo Alexandre , Duca Charles , Carnaval Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe combined mitochondrial DNA sequence data and paleoclimatic distribution models to document phylogeographic patterns and investigate the historical demography of two manakins, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla and Pseudopipra pipra, as well as to explore connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. ND2 sequences of C. rubrocapilla (75 individuals, 24 sites) and P. pipra (196, 77) were used in Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. We estimated mitochondrial nucleotide diversity, employed statistical tests to detect deviations from neutral evolution and constant population sizes, and used species distribution modeling to infer the location of suitable climate for both species under present‐day conditions, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the Last Interglacial Maximum (LIG). Mitochondrial sequence data from C. rubrocapilla indicate one Amazonian and one Atlantic Forest haplogroup. In P. pipra, we recovered a highly supported and differentiated Atlantic Forest haplogroup embedded within a large Southern Amazonian clade. Genetic and taxonomic structure in Amazonia differs widely between these two species; older P. pipra has a more marked genetic structure and taxonomic differentiation relative to the younger C. rubrocapilla. Both species have similar genetic patterns in the Atlantic Forest. Paleoclimatic distribution models suggest connections between southwestern Amazonia and the southern Atlantic Forest during the LIG, but not between eastern Amazonia and the northeastern Atlantic Forest, as suggested by previous studies. This indicates that multiple corridors, and at different locations, may have been available over the Pliocene and Pleistocene between these two regions.
Development of a 3D active movement extent discrimination apparatus for testing proprioception at the ankle joint with inversion movements made in plantarflexion
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Zhang Tongzhou , Wang Shuhui , Adams Roger , Waddington Gordon , Han Jia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProprioception plays an important role in joint stability, and ankle sprains usually happen involving plantarflexion, internal rotation, and inversion. However, ankle 3D movement proprioception has never been measured in weight‐bearing. Accordingly, the active 3‐dimensional movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA‐3D) was developed and its reliability and validity were investigated. A total of 58 subjects volunteered for this trial, with 12 subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and 12 healthy controls in the test–retest reliability study. There were 17 subjects with CAI and 17 healthy controls in the validity study. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Minimum Detectable Change at the 90% confidence interval (MDC90) were computed. AMEDA‐3D scores were analysed by independent samples t‐tests, and Youden's index was used to calculate the optimal AMEDA‐3D cut‐off for discriminating individuals with CAI. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between AMEDA‐3D scores and Y Balance Test (YBT), Time In Balance Test (TIB), and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores. The main results were as follows: (1) The ICC(3,1) value of AMEDA‐3D scores was 0.817 (95% CI = 0.452–0.945) in CAI subjects. (2) The AMEDA‐3D proprioceptive area under the curve score used to discriminate CAI subjects from healthy controls was 0.778, with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. (3) AMEDA‐3D proprioceptive scores were moderately correlated with CAIT scores (r = 0.58 and p < 0.001), YBT (r = 0.47 and p = 0.005), and TIB (r = 0.68 and p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the AMEDA‐3D tool shows good reliability and validity for clinical assessment of proprioceptive deficits associated with CAI. Improved ankle 3D motor proprioception may positively impact subjects' balance control, self‐rated symptoms, and function.
“Security, first of all, begins at home”: How Finland, Latvia, and Germany prepare “ordinary people” for crises
Authors: Friede Alexandra M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Europe, and specifically in countries bordering the Baltic Sea, preparedness issues have moved up the policy agenda since Russia's 2014 and 2022 invasions of Ukraine. “Ordinary people” are encouraged to prepare for crises—be it through stockpiling food at home, fact‐checking information, or signing up for military training. This article unpacks the process through which individual subjects are “responsibilized.” More specifically, it analyses how the risk of war is communicated to make targets act responsibly, drawing on empirical evidence from Finland, Latvia, and Germany. A main tenet is that policy actors appeal to nationally distinct sets of moral codes to responsibilize publics. The Finnish war experience attests to the value of being united, willing and capable of fighting back. Latvia's defence is framed as an integrative force—with the ultimate aim to deter aggressors and ensure national survival. In Germany, inconsistent messaging prevails, simultaneously reassuring and alerting the public.