bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of stationary fuel cells for coal power generation
Authors: Zhang Xing 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Fuel cells electrochemically convert chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy (and heat) and so can produce power efficiently with low environmental impact. Applications of fuel cells include stationary power generation, distributed combined heat and power (CHP) and portable power. Recently, research has been conducted on direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) technology that converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity. This article discusses these technologies and their development status. For small- to medium-sized stationary power systems and CHP, the USA ranks first for fuel cell capacity and Japan leads for delivery systems. South Korea is home to the world’s largest fuel cell power plant: the 59-MW Gyeonggi Green Energy park in Hwasung City. Deployment of fuel cell systems is driven by support from governments in the form of tax credits and other incentives. For large stationary power generation, current interest is in integrating a coal gasification process with high-temperature fuel cells (IGFC) to create ultra-high-efficiency, low-emissions power generation systems. The first IGFC demonstration plant with CCS may be in Japan in 2021 as a result of the CoolGen project. DCFC is still in its infancy and far from demonstration. The overall challenges for stationary fuel cells are cost and cell durability. Experience gained from research, designing, building and operating commercially available systems and the IGFC demonstration plant should lead to further development of the technologies and reduced costs, making them a realistic option for power generation.
Species specialization limits movement ability and shapes ecological networks: the case study of 2 forest mammals
Authors: Dondina Olivia , Orioli Valerio , Chiatante Gianpasquale , Meriggi Alberto , Bani Luciano 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
To counteract the negative effects of forest fragmentation on wildlife, it is crucial to maintain functional ecological networks. We identified the ecological networks for 2 mammals with very different degrees of forest specialization, the European badger Meles meles and the Roe deer Capreolus capreolus, by differentiating 4 agroforestry elements as either nodes or connectivity elements, and by defining the distance that provides the functional connectivity between fragments. Species occurrence data were collected in a wide agroecosystem in northern Italy. To test the role of hedgerows, traditional poplar cultivations, short rotation coppices, and reforestations as ecological network elements for the 2 species we applied the method of simulated species perceptions of the landscape (SSPL), comparing the ability of different SSPLs to explain the observed species distribution. All analyses were repeated considering different scenarios of species movement ability through the matrix. Model outputs seem to show that the specialist and highly mobile Roe deer has the same movement ability throughout the matrix (2 km) as the European badger, a smaller, but generalist species. The ecological network identified for the European badger was widespread throughout the area and was composed of woodlands, poplar cultivations and hedgerows as nodes and short rotation coppices as connectivity elements. Conversely, the ecological network of the Roe deer was mostly limited to the main forest areas and was composed of woodlands, poplar cultivations and reforestations as nodes and short rotation coppices and hedgerows as connectivity elements. The degree of forest specialization strongly affects both species perception of habitat and movement ability throughout the matrix, regardless of species size. This has important implications for species conservation.
Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life Improve After One Month and Three Months of Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Pilot Study in a Canadian Population
Authors: Pinto-Sanchez Maria Ines , Gadowsky Shannon , McKenzie Suzan , Raphael Michael J , Childs Anne , Thabane Marroon , Hansen Suzanne , Marshall John K , Armstrong David 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) have a reduced quality of life (QoL), but it is unknown if this is associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety or depression.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess anxiety, depression and QoL in patients transitioning from hospital to HPN.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study in adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) during transition from hospital to home. We assessed anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), health-related quality of life (HRQoL; SF-36) and health status (EQ-5D) before discharge and again later at one and three months after HPN was started.

Results
Of the 29 patients, 15 had an underlying malignancy. At baseline, 93% of patients with malignancy had anxiety or depression (HADS A and/or HADS D >7) or both, while of the patients without malignancy, 60% had anxiety, and 40% had depression. Questionnaires were completed by 21 patients at one month and by 15 at three months. Anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly after one month of HPN (mean difference [MD] anxiety: 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2–7.5, P = 0.004; MD depression: 4.0; 95% CI, 1.5–6.5, P = 0.001), and the decrease persisted at three months (MD anxiety: 35; 95% CI, 0.35–6.6, P = 0.02; MD depression: 2.5; 95% CI, 0.06–5.0, P = 0.04). Overall, patients reported an improvement in HRQoL (SF-36) after one month of HPN, and this improvement was maintained at three months in those patients who survived.

Conclusion
Home parenteral nutrition is associated with improvements in anxiety, depression and HRQoL at one month and three months after discharge from hospital. The improvements in Qol, anxiety and depression seem greater in patients with underlying malignancy.
p53 upregulated by HIF-1α promotes hypoxia-induced G2/M arrest and renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Limin , Zhang Peng , Bai Ming , He Lijie , Zhang Lei , Liu Ting , Yang Zhen , Duan Menglu , Liu Minna , Liu Baojian , Du Rui , Qian Qi , Sun Shiren 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis and progression of renal fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been sufficiently elucidated. We examined the role of p53 in hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis in cell culture (human and rat renal tubular epithelial cells) and a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Cell cycle of tubular cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of profibrogenic factors was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter experiments were performed to explore the effect of HIF-1α on p53 expression. We showed that, in hypoxic tubular cells, p53 upregulation suppressed the expression of CDK1 and cyclins B1 and D1, leading to cell cycle (G2/M) arrest (or delay) and higher expression of TGF-β, CTGF, collagens, and fibronectin. p53 suppression by siRNA or by a specific p53 inhibitor (PIF-α) triggered opposite effects preventing the G2/M arrest and profibrotic changes. In vivo experiments in the UUO model revealed similar antifibrotic results following intraperitoneal administration of PIF-α (2.2 mg/kg). Using gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and luciferase assays, we further identified an HRE3 region on the p53 promoter as the HIF-1α-binding site. The HIF-1α–HRE3 binding resulted in a sharp transcriptional activation of p53. Collectively, we show the presence of a hypoxia-activated, p53-responsive profibrogenic pathway in the kidney. During hypoxia, p53 upregulation induced by HIF-1α suppresses cell cycle progression, leading to the accumulation of G2/M cells, and activates profibrotic TGF-β and CTGF-mediated signaling pathways, causing extracellular matrix production and renal fibrosis.
Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Bias Feedback Interventions to Prevent Post-deployment PTSD: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pyne Jeffrey M , Constans Joseph I , Nanney John T , Wiederhold Mark D , Gibson Douglas P , Kimbrell Timothy , Kramer Teresa L , Pitcock Jeffery A , Han Xiaotong , Williams D Keith , Chartrand Don , Gevirtz Richard N , Spira James , Wiederhold Brenda K , McCraty Rollin , McCune Thomas R 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
There is a long history of pre-deployment PTSD prevention efforts in the military and effective pre-deployment strategies to prevent post-deployment PTSD are still needed.

Materials and Methods
This randomized controlled trial included three arms: heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), and control. The hypothesis was that pre-deployment resilience training would result in lower post-deployment PTSD symptoms compared with control. Army National Guard soldiers (n = 342) were enrolled in the Warriors Achieving Resilience (WAR) study and analyzed. The outcome was PTSD symptom severity using the PTSD Checklist – Military version (PCL) measured at pre-deployment, 3- and 12-month post-deployment. Due to the repeated measures for each participant and cluster randomization at the company level, generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis. This study was approved by the Army Human Research Protection Office, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Institutional Review Board (IRB), and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System IRB.

Results
Overall, there was no significant intervention effect. However, there were significant intervention effects for subgroups of soldiers. For example, at 3-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores than the control arm for soldiers with no previous combat zone exposure who were age 30 and older and for soldiers with previous combat zone exposure who were 45 and older (unadjusted effect size −0.97 and −1.03, respectively). A significant difference between the CBM-I and control arms was found for soldiers without previous combat zone exposure between ages 23 and 42 (unadjusted effect size −0.41). Similarly, at 12-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores in older soldiers.

Conclusion
Pre-deployment resilience training was acceptable and feasible and resulted in lower post-deployment PTSD symptom scores in subgroups of older soldiers compared with controls. Strengths of the study included cluster randomization at the company level, use of iPod device to deliver the resilience intervention throughout the deployment cycle, and minimal disruption of pre-deployment training by using self-paced resilience training. Weaknesses included self-report app use, study personnel not able to contact soldiers during deployment, and in general a low level of PTSD symptom severity throughout the study. In future studies, it would important for the study team and/or military personnel implementing the resilience training to be in frequent contact with participants to ensure proper use of the resilience training apps.
The extended radio jet of an off-nuclear low-mass AGN in NGC 5252
Authors: Mezcua M , Kim M , Ho L C , Lonsdale C J 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
CXO J133815.6+043255 is an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) with ultraviolet, optical, and radio counterparts located 10 kpc away from the nucleus of the galaxy NGC 5252. Optical spectroscopic studies indicate that the ULX is kinematically associated with NGC 5252; yet, the compactness of its radio emission could not rule out the possibility that the ULX is a background blazar. We present follow-up VLBA radio observations that are able to resolve the compact radio emission of the ULX into two components, making the blazar scenario very unlikely. The east component is extended at 4.4 GHz and its detection also at 7.6 GHz reveals a steep spectral index. The west component is only detected at 4.4 GHz, is not firmly resolved, and has a flatter spectral index. Considering that the west component hosts the radio core, we constrain the black hole mass of the ULX to 103.5 &lt; MBH ≲2 × 106 M⊙ and its Eddington ratio to ∼10−3. The ULX is thus most likely powered by an intermediate-mass black hole or low-mass AGN. Our results constitute the first discovery of a multicomponent radio jet in a ULX and possible intermediate-mass black hole.
Experiencing Organizational Change During an Era of Reform: Police Scotland, Narratives of Localism, and Perceptions from the ‘Frontline’
Authors: Fyfe Nicholas R , Anderson Simon , Bland Nick , Goulding Amy , Mitchell James , Reid Susan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In 2011, the Scottish Government took the decision to create a single, national police force, reconfiguring a structure of regional police forces, which had prevailed since the 19th century. Despite a strong narrative around localism in the legislation establishing Police Scotland, the new force that was established in 2013 quickly found itself at the centre of a debate around an emerging ‘crisis of localism’ as critics expressed concerns over the centralization of decision-making and a lack of sensitivity to local contexts. Drawing on qualitative research carried out in four communities across Scotland in 2016, the analysis presented in this article examines the experience of organizational change from the perspective of officers in local policing teams and from local stakeholders. The analysis is structured around the strategic aims of reform of improved local service delivery, more equal local access to specialist expertise, and enhanced connections with local communities. The article highlights the sense of exclusion from the decision-making surrounding the organizational changes associated with the implementation of reform experienced by local, rank-and-file officers.
Driving as an Under-acknowledged Risk in Rural Policing
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Spencer Dale C , Andres Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne topic rarely discussed in the policing literature is driving-related accidents, injuries, and deaths, despite the fact that, for example, such deaths vastly outnumber gun-related fatalities for officers on active duty. There is even less literature on automobile-related incidents and deaths in relation to rural policing. Based on 14 focus groups with police officers (n = 49) across a primarily rural Canadian province, we probe the various driving-related risks faced by these officers. Drawing from the literature on automobility, we examine the various aspects of driving that place officers at risk of fatality. We highlight the driving-related occupational risks specific to rural policing and how such risks inhibit their ability to conduct their jobs safely and effectively. We conclude with policy implications and avenues for future research.
Sox4 is involved in osteoarthritic cartilage deterioration through induction of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5
Authors: Takahata Yoshifumi , Nakamura Eriko , Hata Kenji , Wakabayashi Makoto , Murakami Tomohiko , Wakamori Kanta , Yoshikawa Hiroshi , Matsuda Akio , Fukui Naoshi , Nishimura Riko 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is a common disease in joint cartilages. Because the molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains elusive, early diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic agents have not been developed. To understand the molecular mechanisms, we attempted to identify transcription factors involved in the onset of osteoarthritis. Microarray analysis of mouse articular cartilage cells indicated that retinoic acid, a destructive stimulus in articular cartilage, up‐regulated expression of sex‐determining region Y‐box (Sox)4, a SoxC family transcription factor, together with increases in Adamts4 and Adamts5, both of which are aggrecanases of articular cartilages. Overexpression of Sox4 induced a disintegrin‐like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 4 and 5 motif (ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, respectively) expression in chondrogenic cell lines C3H10T1/2 and SW1353. In addition, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Sox4 up‐regulated ADAMTS4 and Adamts5 gene promoter activities by binding to their gene promoters. Another SoxC family member, Sox11, evoked similar effects. To evaluate the roles of Sox4 and Sox11 in articular cartilage destruction, we performed organ culture experiments using mouse femoral head cartilages. Sox4 and Sox11 adenovirus infections caused destruction of articular cartilage associated with increased Adamts5 expression. Finally, SOX4 and SOX11 mRNA expression was increased in cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis compared with nonosteoarthritic subjects. Thus, Sox4, and presumably Sox11, are involved in osteoarthritis onset by up‐regulating ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.—Takahata, Y., Nakamura, E., Hata, K., Wakabayashi, M., Murakami, T., Wakamori, K., Yoshikawa, H., Matsuda, A., Fukui, N., Nishimura, R. Sox4 is involved in osteoarthritic cartilage deterioration through induction of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5. FASEB J. 33, 619–630 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Understanding the coupling between DNA damage detection and UvrA's ATPase using bulk and single molecule kinetics
Authors: Barnett Jamie T. , Kad Neil M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTNucleotide excision repair (NER) protects cells against diverse types of DNA damage, principally UV irradiation. In Escherichia coli, damage is recognized by 2 key enzymes: UvrA and UvrB. Despite extensive investigation, the role of UvrA's 2 ATPase domains in NER remains elusive. Combining single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy and classic biochemical methods, we have investigated the role of nucleotide binding in UvrA's kinetic cycle. Measurement of UvrA's steady‐state ATPase activity shows it is stimulated upon binding DNA (kcat 0.71–1.07/s). Despite UvrA's ability to discriminate damage, we find UV‐damaged DNA does not alter the steady‐state ATPase. To understand how damage affects UvrA, we studied its binding to DNA under various nucleotide conditions at the single molecule level. We have found that both UV damage and nucleotide cofactors affect the attached lifetime of UvrA. In the presence of ATP and UV damage, the lifetime is significantly greater compared with undamaged DNA. To reconcile these observations, we suggest that UvrA uses negative cooperativity between its ATPase sites that is gated by damage recognition. Only in the presence of damage is the second site activated, most likely in a sequential manner.—Barnett, J. T., Kad, N. M. Understanding the coupling between DNA damage detection and UvrA's ATPase using bulk and single molecule kinetics. FASEB J. 33, 763–769 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Campbell de Morgan Spots (Cherry Angiomas) Show Endothelial Proliferation
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Colmenero Isabel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Campbell de Morgan spots (also known as adult hemangiomas, cherry angiomas, or senile angiomas) show clinical and histopathological features that make them distinct. Despite this, they are not included as benign vascular tumors in the current classification by the International Society for Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). In the current study, we investigated the proliferation rate (Ki67) of the endothelia of 23 cases of Campbell de Morgan spots, as well as the immunoexpression of Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) by these vascular anomalies. The youngest patient was 24 years old (range: 24–80; mean: 52.61). Ten patients were women (43.48%). All cases showed intense cytoplasmic expression of WT1 by the endothelia in 80%–100% of the endothelial cells. Ki67 demonstrated proliferation by the endothelia of all vascular lesions. A mean of 1077.6 nuclei were evaluated per case. Eight cases showed a very low proliferation (less than 0.5% of the nuclei). In the other 15 cases, the proliferation ranged from 0.59% to 3.59% (mean: 1.89%).
Effect of Exercise on Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Liao Fuyuan , An Ruopeng , Pu Fang , Burns Stephanie , Shen Sa , Jan Yih-Kuen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effectiveness of different types of exercise on risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers, including glycated hemoglobin, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2018 for relevant articles. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that examined effects of exercise on the selected risk factors. Twenty randomized controlled trials with 1357 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The differences in postintervention values of glycated hemoglobin and ankle brachial index between exercise and control groups were synthesized, yielding mean differences of −0.45% (P < 0.00001) and 0.03 (P = 0.002), respectively; the differences in within-group changes in glycated hemoglobin were synthesized, yielding mean differences of −0.19% (P = 0.1), −0.25% (P = 0.0006), and −0.64% (P = 0.006) for aerobic versus resistance, combined versus aerobic, and combined versus resistance exercise, respectively. Exercise has a significant effect on reducing glycated hemoglobin, whereas combined exercise is more effective compared with aerobic or resistance exercise alone. Exercise also improves ankle brachial index. However, evidence regarding the association between exercise and peripheral neuropathy and risks of diabetic foot ulcers in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains insufficient.
Effectiveness of Bedside Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Follow-Up of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Patients Treated With Tube Thoracostomy
Authors: Karagöz Arif , Ünlüer Erden Erol , Akçay Onur , Kadioğlu Emine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common cause of presentation to emergency departments and subsequent hospitalization. Patients with large PSP are treated with tube thoracostomy (TT) and followed up with x-rays. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of bedside ultrasound and compared it with x-ray imaging for the clinical follow-up of PSP patients treated with TT.
This is a prospective observational study. After ethical committee approval and written informed consent were obtained, patients who were treated with TT because of PSP were screened. In the follow-up of these patients, a bedside lung ultrasound (BLUS) was performed before every chest x-ray by an emergency physician experienced in performing BLUSs. The performance of BLUSs in detecting free air in the pleural cavity was compared statistically with that of x-rays.
Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study. In total, 166 BLUSs and x-rays were compared. The sensitivity of BLUS was 95.65% (85.20–99.50), specificity was 100% (79.40–100.00), positive predictive value was 100% (92–100), negative predictive value was 88.90% (65.30–98.60), and the area under the curve was 0.99 (0.974–1.000; P = 0.001) for detecting air in the pleural cavity. These results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between BLUS and x-ray methods for detecting air in the pleural cavity.
Our study revealed that BLUS can be safely used for the follow-up of PSP patients treated with TT to determine if air is present in the pleural cavity. Further studies are needed.