bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenerational effects of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes on offspring body composition and left ventricle mass: the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) 6‐year follow‐up
Authors: Litwin L. , Sundholm J. K. M. , Rönö K. , Koivusalo S. B. , Eriksson J. G. , Sarkola T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of maternal adiposity and gestational diabetes on offspring body composition and left ventricle mass in early childhood.MethodsThe observational follow‐up study included 201 mother‐child pairs, a sub‐cohort from the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study, who were recruited 6.1 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD) years postpartum, aiming for an equal number of mothers with and without gestational diabetes.ResultsMaternal pre‐pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD; 30.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2) was associated with child body fat percentage [0.26 (95% CI; 0.08, 0.44)% increase in child body fat per 1 kg/m2 increase in pre‐pregnancy BMI of mothers with obesity] and was reflected in child BMI Z‐score (mean ± SD; 0.45 ± 0.93). Left ventricle mass, left ventricle mass index and left ventricle mass Z‐score were not associated with gestational diabetes, pre‐pregnancy BMI or child body fat percentage. After adjusting for child sex, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, pre‐pregnancy BMI and maternal lean body mass, left ventricle mass increased by 3.08 (95% CI; 2.25, 3.91) g for each 1 kg in child lean body mass.ConclusionsLeft ventricle mass at 6 years of age is determined predominantly by lean body mass. Maternal pre‐gestational adiposity is reflected in child, but no direct association between left ventricle mass and child adiposity or evidence of left ventricle mass foetal programming related to gestational diabetes and maternal adiposity was observed in early childhood.
Evaluating the fatigue limit of metals having surface compressive residual stress and exhibiting shakedown
Authors: Arakawa Jinta , Hanaki Tatsuya , Hayashi Yoshiichirou , Akebono Hiroyuki , Sugeta Atsushi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study described in this article is to evaluate the effect of shakedown of surface compressive residual stresses introduced by shot peening on fatigue limit of stainless steel. First, the tension‐compression fatigue tests were conducted on ASTM CA6NM specimens under controlled load and displacement conditions to acquire a fatigue limit diagram under various compressive mean stress. The results showed that shakedown of negative mean stress occurs under controlled displacement. We then carried out in‐plane–bending fatigue tests under controlled load conditions on welded ASTM 309 stainless steel specimens with surface compressive residual stress introduced by ultrasonic shot peening. The results provide a fatigue limit of 415 MPa, which agrees with the value of 404 MPa calculated based on a modified Goodman line considering shakedown. Therefore, it is suggested that the surface layer is restricted by the internal bulk that creates controlled displacement conditions and the shakedown of surface compressive residual stress occurs.
Ecological relationship between social capital and cognitive decline in Japan: A preliminary study for dementia‐friendly communities
Authors: Murayama Hiroshi , Ura Chiaki , Miyamae Fumiko , Sakuma Naoko , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Awata Shuichi 
Published: July 2019

AimBuilding community social capital is important for socially inclusive societies, leading to dementia‐friendly communities. However, quantitative evidence is currently lacking regarding the effectiveness of dementia‐friendly communities, including the association with community social capital. The current study examined the ecological relationship between social capital and the proportion of people with cognitive decline.MethodsData were obtained from population‐based, cross‐sectional surveys (mail‐in questionnaire survey and home‐interview survey) of community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years, living in 17 district areas in Machida City, Tokyo, Japan. Social capital included social networks (neighborly ties) and social support (emotional support and instrumental support). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Japanese version (with a cut‐off of 23/24). The proportions of people with high social capital and cognitive decline (Mini‐Mental State Examination, Japanese version ≤23) were calculated for residential districts and used in the analysis.ResultsThe district‐level social capital indicators were positively and moderately correlated with the proportion of people with cognitive decline. After adjusting for the aging rate, educational level and population density of the district, an ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that higher proportions of people with strong neighborly ties and people with strong instrumental support were significantly associated with a higher proportion of people with cognitive decline. This trend was stronger among women than men.ConclusionsPeople can continue to live in communities with high social capital, even if they are experiencing cognitive decline. Although this study was preliminary, it provided empirical evidence for the benefits of promoting dementia‐friendly communities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 950–955.
Nano‐Powdered Calcium Carbonate Reference Materials: Significant Progress for Microanalysis?
Authors: Jochum Klaus Peter , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter , Veter Marina , Stoll Brigitte , Weis Ulrike , Weber Michael , Lugli Federico , Jentzen Anna , Schiebel Ralf , Wassenburg Jasper A. , Jacob Dorrit E. , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: July 2019

Homogeneity, mass fractions of about forty trace elements and Sr isotope composition of Ca carbonate reference materials (RMs) between original and nano‐powdered pellets are compared. Our results using nanosecond and femtosecond LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS show that the nano‐pellets of the RMs MACS‐3NP, JCp‐1NP and JCt‐1NP are about a factor of 2–3 more homogeneous than the original samples MACS‐3, JCp‐1 and JCt‐1, and are therefore much more suitable for microanalytical purposes. With the exception of Si, the mass fractions of the synthetic RM MACS‐3 agree with its fine‐grained analogue MACS‐3NP. Very small, but significant, differences between original and nano‐pellets are observed in the RMs JCp‐1 and JCt‐1 for some trace elements with very low contents, indicating the need for re‐certification. Strontium mass fractions in the analysed RMs are high (1500–7000 mg kg−1), and their isotope compositions determined by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS in the original and the nano‐pellets agree within uncertainty limits.
The impact of living with long‐term conditions in young adulthood on mental health and identity: What can help?
Authors: Wilson Ceri , Stock Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that the mental health impacts of living with long‐term conditions are greater in young adulthood compared to older adulthood, due to greater disruption to identity and routine life events.ObjectivesTo explore the impact of living with long‐term conditions in young adulthood on mental health and identity, and what helps living well with these conditions.MethodsFifteen in‐depth interviews with young adults with various conditions were conducted and analysed thematically.ResultsThemes related to the impacts on mental health and identity include the following: negative mood and depression; anxiety and fear for the future; and identity as ‘ill’/abnormal compared to former self and ‘normal’ others. Themes related to suggestions for addressing negative impacts include the following: promotion of positive thinking; support reaching acceptance with altered identity and limitations (through stages of denial, anger, depression, then acceptance); and more professional mental health support.DiscussionIn order to promote mental health and a positive sense of self/identity, young adults with long‐term conditions should be offered advice and support on positive thinking; the long and difficult process of reconstructing identity; and reaching acceptance. This is particularly important for young adults for whom the identity reconstruction process is more complex and psychologically damaging than for older adults, as this life stage is associated with health/vitality and illness represents a shift from a perceived normal trajectory to one that appears and feels abnormal.
Lycopene – a bioactive carotenoid offering multiple health benefits: a review
Authors: Przybylska Sylwia 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLycopene is a natural red tomato pigment whose presence in the diet is beneficial to human health. It is believed to modify the course of chronic conditions, including neoplastic diseases. Clinical research results confirm its protective effects on the cardiovascular system. It lowers the risk of myocardial infarction, reduces blood pressure and prevents LDL cholesterol oxidation. High blood lycopene concentrations are also associated with lower risks of developing prostate, lung, uterine and breast cancer. Lycopene does not only inhibit proliferation of neoplastic cells, but it also induces their apoptosis and prevents metastasis. The health effects attributed to this compound are mostly derived from its antioxidant properties. It is a strong singlet oxygen quencher, and it thwarts lipid oxidation. Experimental and clinical studies have also confirmed lycopene's positive effects on the skeletal system and on neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Atomic occupancy mechanism in brownmillerite Ca2FeAlO5 from a thermodynamic perspective
Authors: Tao Yong , Zhang Wenqin , Li Neng , Wang Fazhou , Hu Shuguang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrownmillerite‐type oxides are a large family of structural and functional materials that are of great concern. In this study, the occupancy mechanism of Fe and Al ions in brownmillerite Ca2FeAlO5 is revealed and the specific configuration of Ca2FeAlO5 is proposed for the first time. Through the energy analysis of a series of conjectured models based on well‐defined ab initio calculations, we find that the distribution of Al and Fe in Ca2FeAlO5 follows the “homogeneous layer principle”, namely, Al and Fe tend to form homogeneous octahedral layers or tetrahedral chains rather than mixed layers or chains of two elements along the b axis. The theoretical Ca2FeAlO5 structure with specific atomic occupancy is proposed based on energy analysis and previous experiments, which is of fundamental significance for further study of its physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the influence of entropy increment on the stability of Ca2FeAlO5 crystal is clarified, which paves the way to investigate the structures and properties of Ca2FeAlO5 and other brownmillerite members.
Reforming the European Stability Mechanism
Authors: Bauer Christian , Herz Bernhard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe European stability mechanism (ESM) is a permanent crisis resolution mechanism for euro area countries. We analysed the costs of the current ESM refinancing design and evaluated an alternative asset‐backed securities (ABS) structure under different scenarios. Our simulation results indicate that switching to an ABS structure could substantially lower the ESM refinancing rate by up to 3.5 per cent. Moreover, the current structure severely limits the ESM's potential to stabilize financial markets. As an unintended consequence, the ESM is likely to act as a crisis accelerant rather than a stabilizer in the most likely case of requests for medium‐sized financial support from distressed ESM members at a time when other ESM countries might be unwilling or unable to provide new capital.
Industrial symbiosis in the forestry sector: A case study in southern Brazil
Authors: Wahrlich Júlia , Simioni Flávio José 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) is an important concept in the field of industrial ecology that has disseminated worldwide as a practice to decrease the ecological impact of industrial processes through the exchange of by‐products and waste between units in a system. The forestry industry is the main economic activity in the region of Lages in southern Brazil. IS relationships have expanded with the use of waste material from wood processing and strengthened cooperation between companies in different sectors. The aims of this article were to: a) quantify the level of IS in the system, b) identify the benefits of IS for participants, and c) explain why the network further developed IS to the formation of an industrial ecosystem. A questionnaire was administered during visits to 24 forestry companies in order to analyze their products and processes, commercial relations, positive impacts, and local insertion. The industrial symbiosis indicator (ISI) was determined using waste stream data from the system to represent the level of symbiosis among the companies in this region. The results show that the companies participate in a symbiotic network, mainly involving the exchange of chips, bark, sawdust and shavings. In most cases, these exchanges occur between nearby companies, constituting an extensive industrial ecosystem.
Systematic review of the nature of nursing care described by using the Caring Behaviours Inventory
Authors: Romero‐Martín Macarena , Gómez‐Salgado Juan , Robles‐Romero José Miguel , Jiménez‐Picón Nerea , Gómez‐Urquiza José Luis , Ponce‐Blandón José Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the nature of care received by patients measured through the Caring Behaviours Inventory.BackgroundProfessional nursing practice combines two dimensions of caring: instrumental care and expressive care. Instrumental care focuses on physical health needs, in terms of efficiency and employs interventions based on evidence. Expressive care is patient‐centred and based on the interpersonal relationship. It requires caring attitudes that include respect, kindness, sensitivity and patience. The Caring Behaviours Inventory is a tool designed to assess the care expressed through the behaviours nurses perform, contextualised within the Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA recommendations. Scopus, PubMed and CINAHL databases were consulted using the keywords “Caring Behaviours Inventory” AND “Nursing”. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the quality appraisal. A conceptual analysis and a thematic synthesis were performed for data extraction.Results11 articles were selected. Three categories were identified: nature of caring, congruence between perceived care by patients and nurses, and factors associated with the expression of care.DiscussionAn emphasis on care of an instrumental nature was identified. The perception of patients differs from that of nurses, patients perceive a lower level of expressive caring than the one nurses believe to deliver. Caring behaviours are affected by the working environment, nurses' emotional intelligence and coping skills, and socio‐demographic characteristics.ConclusionThis paper described the findings of previous research regarding the nature of care that is transmitted and received in clinical practice. Results highlight an emphasis on the instrumental aspect of the nursing care according to the patients' perception.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings summarised in this review could contribute to a better understanding of the nursing care. Results reported in this paper could also help to improve the quality of care delivered by nurses as well as patient‐centeredness.
A Dialectical Rationale for Persistent Inadequate Response
Authors: LeRoy Adam Scott 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTResponse to Intervention (RTI) is an approach that can address children's problems in school. However, research has not consistently supported positive effects of RTI. I use the dialectical method to suggest RTI researchers have not adequately focused on children's personal experiences. The effects of persistent, negative experience are observable in external behaviors associated with executive function variation. By means of cultural–historical theory, I outline improvements to experimental designs that incorporate collaboration with children and focus on observations during intervention and assessment.
Which modifiable prenatal factors mediate the relation between socio‐economic position and a child's weight and length at birth?
Authors: Ballon Morgane , Botton Jérémie , Forhan Anne , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Melchior Maria , El Khoury Fabienne , Nakamura Aurélie , Charles Marie Aline , Lioret Sandrine , Heude Barbara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough several studies have shown a positive association between socio‐economic position and size at birth, not enough is known about the modifiable factors that may be involved. We aimed to investigate whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, diet, and depression during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth size. Weight and length z‐scores specific for gestational age and sex were calculated for 1,500 children from the EDEN mother–child cohort. A mediation analysis of the associations between maternal education and birth size was conducted with a counterfactual method, adjusted for recruitment centre, parity, maternal height, and age. In the comparison of children of mothers with low versus intermediate education levels, maternal smoking during pregnancy explained 52% of the total effect of education on birth weight. Similar findings were observed with birth length z‐score (37%). The comparison of children of mothers with high versus intermediate education levels yielded a non‐significant total effect, which masked opposite mediating effects by maternal BMI and smoking during pregnancy on both birth weight and length. Prepregnancy BMI and maternal smoking during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth weight and length z‐scores. These mediators, however, act in opposite directions, thereby masking the extent to which healthy prenatal growth is socially differentiated.
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine for paediatric tinea capitis: When and for how long
Authors: Bar Jonathan , Samuelov Liat , Sprecher Eli , Mashiah Jacob 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOutbreaks of tinea capitis (TC) can be a source of medical and economic burden for healthcare systems; Griseofulvin and terbinafine are considered to be effective first‐line treatments for TC. In order to compare the efficacy of griseofulvin and terbinafine for the treatment of TC in a paediatric population of African immigrants in the Tel Aviv area, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all cases of TC diagnosed and treated between March 2016 and February 2018 at a dedicated TC paediatric dermatology clinic at the Tel Aviv Medical Center (which serves as a referral centre for the paediatric refugee population in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area). Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, and 304 patients were included. Trichophyton violaceum (TV), Trichophyton soudanense (TS) and Microsporum audouinii (MA) were the prominent causative organisms. Treatment with griseofulvin suspension for 12 weeks was compared with (a) griseofulvin suspension for 8 weeks and with (b) terbinafine tablets for 4 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, country of birth, ethnicity and the causative organism. Twelve weeks of griseofulvin treatment had a statistically significant better cure rate than 4 weeks of terbinafine. Treatment was significantly more effective when TC was due to infections with MA and TS as compared with TV. No statistically significant difference was observed between 12‐ and 8‐week treatment with griseofulvin.
Impact of Long‐Wavelength Ultraviolet A1 and Visible Light on Light‐Skinned Individuals
Authors: Kohli Indermeet , Zubair Raheel , Lyons Alexis B. , Nahhas Amanda F. , Braunberger Taylor L. , Mokhtari Mohsen , Ruvolo Eduardo , Lim Henry W. , Hamzavi Iltefat H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolar radiation is known to be a major contributor to the development of skin cancer. Most sunscreen formulations, including those with broad spectrum, offer minimal protection in long‐wavelength ultraviolet A1 (UVA1; 370–400 nm) and visible light (VL; 400–700 nm) domain. There is limited information regarding the impact of this broad waveband (VL + UVA1, 370–700 nm) on those with light skin. In this study, ten healthy adult subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I–III were enrolled. On day 0, subjects' lower back was exposed to a VL + UVA1 dose of 480 J cm−2. A statistically significant increase in erythema immediately after irradiation compared with subjects' baseline nonirradiated skin was observed. Clinically perceptible erythema with VL + UVA1 is a novel finding since the erythemogenic spectrum of sunlight has primarily been attributed to ultraviolet B and short‐wavelength ultraviolet A (320–340 nm). The results emphasize the need for protection against this part of the solar spectra and warrant further investigation.
Nutrient addition does not increase the benefits of clonal integration in an invasive plant spreading from open patches into plant communities
Authors: Li X.‐X. , Fan Z.‐W. , Shen Y.‐D. , Wang Y. , Liu Y. , Huang Q.‐Q. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

One benefit of clonal integration is that resource translocation between connected ramets enhances the growth of the ramets grown under stressful conditions, but whether such resource translocation reduces the performance of the ramets grown under favourable conditions has not produced consistent results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that resource translocation to recipient ramets may reduce the performance of donor ramets when resources are limiting but not when resources are abundant.

We grew Mikania micrantha stolon fragments (each consisting of two ramets, either connected or not connected) under spatially heterogeneous competition conditions such that the developmentally younger, distal ramets were grown in competition with a plant community and the developmentally older, proximal ramets were grown without competition. For half of the stolon fragments, slow‐release fertiliser pellets were applied to both the distal and proximal ramets.

Under both the low and increased soil nutrient conditions, the biomass, leaf number and stolon length of the distal ramets were higher, and those of the proximal ramets were lower when the stolon internode was intact than when it was severed. For the whole clone, the biomass, leaf number and stolon length did not differ between the two connection treatments. Connection did not change the biomass of the plant communities competing with distal ramets of M. micrantha.

Although clonal integration may promote the invasion of M. micrantha into plant communities, resource translocation to recipient ramets of M. micrantha will induce a cost to the donor ramets, even when resources are relatively abundant.