bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicle–Mimetic Ghost Nanovesicles for Delivering Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs to Mitigate Gram‐Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle–Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Go Gyeongyun , Lee Jaewook , Choi Dong‐Sic , Kim Sang Soo , Gho Yong Song 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSepsis is one of the major causes of death in hospital patients and is represented by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with infection. Gram‐negative bacteria including Escherichia coli can provoke sepsis by stimulating the immune systems. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanosized vesicular structures derived from Gram‐negative bacteria, contain several pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, and are demonstrated to mediate SIRS. Here, extracellular vesicle–mimetic ghost nanovesicles loaded with dexamethasone, an anti‐inflammatory drug, are developed using alkaline solution, sonication, and buoyant density gradient ultracentrifugation. These ghost nanovesicles have comparable physical features with naturally released extracellular vesicles but have 200‐fold higher production yields than extracellular vesicles. Importantly, these ghost nanovesicles are devoid of potentially unwanted luminal cargos, including cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids. By maintaining the same topology as the parental cells, these dexamethasone‐loaded ghost nanovesicles derived from human U937 monocytes reduce the release of interleukin‐8 from OMV‐treated endothelial cells in vitro, and mitigate the symptoms of OMV‐induced SIRS in vivo. This study sheds light on using extracellular vesicle–mimetic ghost nanovesicles to deliver therapeutics to treat diseases such as bacterial sepsis.
Poly(β‐Amino Esters): Synthesis, Formulations, and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Yuanfeng , Keskin Damla , Shi Linqi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPoly(β‐amino ester) (abbreviated as PBAE or PAE) refers to a polymer synthesized from an acrylate and an amine by Michael addition and has properties inherent to tertiary amines and esters, such as pH responsiveness and biodegradability. The versatility of building blocks provides a library of polymers with miscellaneous physicochemical and mechanical properties. When used alone or together with other materials, PBAEs can be fabricated into different formulations in order to fulfill various requirements in drug delivery (for instance, gene, anticancer drugs, and antimicrobials delivery) and natural complex mimicry (nanochaperones). This progress report discusses the recent developments in design, synthesis, formulations, and applications of PBAEs in biomedical fields and provides a perspective view for the future of the PBAEs.
Graphene Oxide as an Optical Biosensing Platform: A Progress Report
Authors: Morales‐Narváez Eden , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA few years ago, crucial graphene oxide (GO) features such as the carbon/oxygen ratio, number of layers, and lateral size were scarcely investigated and, thus, their impact on the overall optical biosensing performance was almost unknown. Nowadays valuable insights about these features are well documented in the literature, whereas others remain controversial. Moreover, most of the biosensing systems based on GO were amenable to operating as colloidal suspensions. Currently, the literature reports conceptually new approaches obviating the need of GO colloidal suspensions, enabling the integration of GO onto a solid phase and leading to their application in new biosensing devices. Furthermore, most GO‐based biosensing devices exploit photoluminescent signals. However, further progress is also achieved in powerful label‐free optical techniques exploiting GO in biosensing, particularly using optical fibers, surface plasmon resonance, and surface enhanced Raman scattering. Herein, a critical overview on these topics is offered, highlighting the key role of the physicochemical properties of GO. New challenges and opportunities in this exciting field are also highlighted.
A Magnetic Gated Nanofluidic Based on the Integration of a Superhydrophilic Nanochannels and a Reconfigurable Ferrofluid
Authors: Wang Dianyu , Zheng Shuang , Liu He , Tang Jiayue , Miao Weining , Wang Huanting , Tian Ye , Yang Hua , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe design of intelligent gating in nanoscale is the subject of intense research motivated by a broad potential impact on science and technology. However, the existing designs require complex modification and are unstable, which restrict their practical applications. Here, a magnetic gated nanofluidic is reported based on the integration of superhydrophilic membranes and reconfigurable ferrofluid, which realizes the gating of the nanochannel by adjusting the steric configuration of the ferrofluid. This system could achieve ultrahigh gating ratio up to 10 000 and excellent stability up to 130 cycles without attenuation. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the switch is controlled by the synergy of magnetic force and the interfacial tension. The introduction of ferrofluid and superhydrophilic nanochannels in this work presents an important paradigm for the nanofluidic systems and opens a new and promising avenue to various developments in the fields of materials science, which may be utilized in medical devices, nanoscale synthesis, and environmental analysis.
Luxury of N‐Tosylhydrazones in Transition‐Metal‐Free Transformations
Authors: Arunprasath Dhanarajan , Devi Bala Balasubramanian , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis review is focused on the recent developments in transition‐metal‐free transformations using N‐tosylhydrazones, emerging building blocks in contemporary organic chemistry. Emphasis is given to their synthetic potential, scope, mechanism and limitations. N‐Tosylhydrazones, derivatives of carbonyl compounds, can undergo a wide range of reactions under transition‐metal‐free reaction conditions. The chemical behaviour of tosylhydrazones is unique under different reaction conditions as they can act as diazo precursors, carbene sources, 1,3‐dipoles, ambiphilic reagents, one‐carbon synthons, and an alternative to the parent carbonyl compounds. These diverse reactivities have resulted in the development of novel C−C and C−heteroatom bond‐forming reactions. The potential of N‐tosylhydrazones in transition‐metal‐free reactions is evident from the synthesis of a handful of molecules such as cyclopropanes, di‐ and triarylmethanes, pyrazoles, triazoles, pyridazines, ethers, carbamates, thioacetals, thiadiazoles and many others.magnified image
Structure and water permeability and resistance characteristics of N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based polymer/polyurethane resin films
Authors: Enomoto Masao , Omote Yuichiro , Miyajima Mitsuo , Yun Che Kyung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, moisture‐permeable waterproof film materials exhibiting temperature‐sensitive hydrophilicity are investigated. The water resistance properties of copolymer films prepared by combining water‐soluble poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly‐NIPAM) with hydrophilic polyurethane (PU) are examined. Water‐soluble poly‐NIPAM is synthesized as a diol and then copolymerized with PU. Structural investigations confirm that water‐soluble poly‐NIPAM and hydrophilic PU are combined through PU links. In terms of physical properties, the films are confirmed to be water‐insoluble. Furthermore, based on the relationship between the water‐swelling ratio of the film and the water temperature, the films exhibit temperature‐sensitive hydrophilicity, with the water‐swelling ratio changing across the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Moreover, the drying rate of the water‐absorbing film is different across the LCST. From these results, it is confirmed that a functional film with temperature‐dependent hydrophilicity is achieved. This property enables the poly‐NIPAM/PU copolymerized films to be used as moisture‐permeable waterproof fabrics for sportswear.
A case of YY1‐associated syndromic learning disability or Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Morales‐Rosado Joel A. , Kaiwar Charu , Smith Benn E. , Klee Eric W. , Dhamija Radhika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExome sequencing is being used increasingly to evaluate patients with intellectual disability. YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor belonging to the GLIKruppel class of zinc finger proteins recently recognized as the causative gene in 23 patients for the Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome. We report a new case with similar features and a novel variant in YY1, in a region of the gene, which has not previously been reported. A 25 year old female was referred to clinical genetics with a diagnosis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis, facial dysmorphism and learning disability. Chromosomal microarray and gene panel test for congenital myasthenic syndrome was negative. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a presumed pathogenic de novo novel, heterozygous, truncating variant in the YY1 gene, c.860_864delTTAAAA, p.Ile287Argfs*3. The Ile287 residue is conserved across species and is situated in the transcription repressor domain of the protein. This variant is novel and lies in a domain of the protein where no previously reported variants occur. The phenotypic features of our case closely match those of the reported patients. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis has not been reported in these patients and may constitute an expansion of this phenotypic spectrum or perhaps more likely a second unrelated diagnosis.
In Situ Electrochemical Conversion of an Ultrathin Tannin Nickel Iron Complex Film as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Shi Yanmei , Yu Yu , Liang Yu , Du Yonghua , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half reaction in many energy conversion and storage techniques. However, the development of a low‐cost easy‐prepared OER electrocatalyst with high mass activity and rapid kinetics is still challenging. Herein, we report the facile deposition of tannin‐NiFe (TANF) complex film on carbon fiber paper (CP) as a highly efficient OER electrocatalyst. TANF gives rapid OER reaction kinetics with a very small Tafel slope of 28 mV dec−1. The mass activity of TANF reaches 9.17×103 Ag−1 at an overpotential of 300 mV, which is nearly 200‐times larger than that of NiFe double layered hydroxide. Furthermore, tannic acid in TANF can be electrochemically extracted under anodic potential, leaving the inorganic composite NixFe1−xOyHz as the OER‐active species. This work may provide a guide to probing the electrochemical transformation and investigating the reactive species of other metal–organic complexes as heterogeneous electrocatalysts.
Unbiased Rotational Motions of an Ellipsoidal Guest in a Tight Yet Pliable Host
Authors: Sun Zhe , Mio Tatsuru , Okada Tomohiko , Matsuno Taisuke , Sato Sota , Kono Hirohiko , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the design of machinery such as steel bearings, a fundamental understanding of material characteristics provides an indispensable basis for the design. Although hydrocarbon cycloarylenes have started to be used for providing unique supramolecular bearings with anomalous dynamic behaviors, their fundamental understanding is immature. A unique property of the cycloarylene host is now reported: the cyclic host is so pliable that it tracks the orientational changes of the ellipsoidal guest, that is, C70 fullerene. Unique structures of the complex were revealed by spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses, and additional theoretical investigations deepened our understanding by revealing the structural changes associated with unbiased rotational motions.
Facile Formation of β‐thioGlcNAc Linkages to Thiol‐Containing Sugars, Peptides, and Proteins using a Mutant GH20 Hexosaminidase
Authors: Tegl Gregor , Hanson John , Chen Hong‐Ming , Kwan David H , Santana Andrés G. , Withers Stephen G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThioglycosides are hydrolase‐resistant mimics of O‐linked glycosides that can serve as valuable probes for studying the role of glycosides in biological processes. The development of an efficient, enzyme‐mediated synthesis of thioglycosides, including S‐GlcNAcylated proteins, is reported, using a thioglycoligase derived from a GH20 hexosaminidase from Streptomyces plicatus in which the catalytic acid/base glutamate has been mutated to an alanine (SpHex E314A). This robust, easily‐prepared, engineered enzyme uses GlcNAc and GalNAc donors and couples them to a remarkably diverse set of thiol acceptors. Thioglycoligation using 3‐, 4‐, and 6‐thiosugar acceptors from a variety of sugar families produces S‐linked disaccharides in nearly quantitative yields. The set of possible thiol acceptors also includes cysteine‐containing peptides and proteins, rendering this mutant enzyme a promising catalyst for the production of thio analogues of biologically important GlcNAcylated peptides and proteins.
A Three‐Dimensional Dynamic Supramolecular “Sticky Fingers” Organic Framework
Authors: Fernandez‐Bartolome Estefania , Santos José , Gamonal Arturo , Khodabakhshi Saeed , McCormick Laura J. , Teat Simon J. , Sañudo E. Carolina , Costa José Sánchez , Martín Nazario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEngineering high‐recognition host–guest materials is a burgeoning area in basic and applied research. The challenge of exploring novel porous materials with advanced functionalities prompted us to develop dynamic crystalline structures promoted by soft interactions. The first example of a pure molecular dynamic crystalline framework is demonstrated, which is held together by means of weak “sticky fingers” van der Waals interactions. The presented organic‐fullerene‐based material exhibits a non‐porous dynamic crystalline structure capable of undergoing single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal reactions. Exposure to hydrazine vapors induces structural and chemical changes that manifest as toposelective hydrogenation of alternating rings on the surface of the [60]fullerene. Control experiments confirm that the same reaction does not occur when performed in solution. Easy‐to‐detect changes in the macroscopic properties of the sample suggest utility as molecular sensors or energy‐storage materials.
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Boan Andrea D. , Bradley Catherine C. , Charles Jane M. , Carpenter Laura Arnstein 
Published: December 2018

Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions are those for which effective primary care can prevent the need for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient hospitalizations, and are an indicator of primary care access. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may be at higher risk for ACS admissions than individuals in the general population due to difficulty accessing primary care. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ACS admissions among four cohorts of individuals aged 2–24 years: ASD without co‐occurring ID (ASD‐only), ASD with co‐occurring ID (ASD + ID), ID without ASD (ID‐only), and population controls (PC). Data from ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 were examined to identify ACS admissions. Generalized linear models were used to examine differences between cohorts on the number of ACS ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Results revealed the ASD + ID and ID‐only cohorts had significantly higher rates of ACS inpatient hospitalizations than the PC cohort. Additionally, the ID‐only cohort had higher rates of ACS ED visits than the PC cohort. The ASD‐only and PC cohorts did not differ on incidence of ACS admissions. These findings suggest that presence of an ID with or without co‐occurring ASD increased the risk for ACS inpatient hospitalizations, and presence of ID‐only increased the risk for ACS ED visits. Future work should examine trajectories of ACS admissions over time and consider inclusion of additional characteristics that may elucidate reasons for differences in ACS admissions among these groups. Autism Res 2019, 12: 295–302 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryPreventable hospitalizations are a common indicator of problems with access to quality primary healthcare. Findings of this study suggest that individuals with intellectual disability, with or without autism spectrum disorder, have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations than the general population. Further research is needed to understand how to improve access to primary care and reduce preventable hospitalizations for this vulnerable population.
An assessment of the impact of green tea extract on palbociclib pharmacokinetics using a validated UHPLC–QTOF–MS method
Authors: Paul David , Surendran Shruti , Chandrakala Patheparapu , Satheeshkumar Nanjappan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGreen tea extracts (GTE) has been reported to be a kinase inhibitor and modulator for various drug metabolizing enzymes. It may give synergetic antioncogenic effect, but with a possibility of pharmacokinetic interactions with various co‐administered anticancer agents like palbociclib (PAL), a selective inhibitor of CDK‐4/6 primarily metabolized by CYP3A enzyme. To explore the impact of GTE on PAL pharmacokinetics in Sprague–Dawley rats, a rapid and sensitive UHPLC–QTOF–MS method was established. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column using a gradient mobile phase system consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Sample preparation was based on a simple protein precipitation method. Estimation of target ions [M + H]+ at m/z 448.2455 for PAL and m/z 441.2044 for ibrutinib (IS) was performed in selective ion mode ESI–HRMS. Good sensitivity (1.0 ng/mL) and linearity over a wide concentration range of 1–2000 ng/mL was exhibited by the method. The results indicated that the administration of GTE resulted in decreased oral bioavailability of PAL in both short‐ and long‐term conditions. However, when both conditions were compared, the variation was less for the peak concentration and area under the concentration–time curve level of PAL.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sigma‐1 (σ1) Receptor Ligands Based on Phenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Cao Xudong , Yao Zhongyuan , Dou Fei , Zhang Yifang , Qiu Yinli , Zhao Song , Xu Xiangqing , Liu Xin , Liu Bi‐Feng , Chen Yin , Zhang Guisen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a series of phenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti‐allodynic activity. Structure–activity relationship studies identified 1‐{4‐[3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl]butyl}piperidine (39) with excellent affinity for the σ1 receptor and selectivity for the σ2 receptor, with poor activity to other central nervous system neurotransmitter receptors and transporters associated with pain. Compound 39 exhibited dose‐dependent efficacy in suppressing the formalin‐induced flinching and attenuating mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury‐induced neuropathic rats. These results suggest that compound 39 exerts potent antihyperalgesic activity and could be considered as a promising candidate for treating neuropathic pain.
Several Polyphosphate Kinase 2 Enzymes Catalyse the Production of Adenosine 5′‐Polyphosphates
Authors: Mordhorst Silja , Singh Jyoti , Mohr Michael K. F. , Hinkelmann Rahel , Keppler Michael , Jessen Henning J. , Andexer Jennifer N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolyphosphate kinases (PPKs) are involved in many metabolic processes; enzymes of the second family (PPK2) are responsible for nucleotide synthesis fuelled by the consumption of inorganic polyphosphate. They catalyse the phosphorylation of nucleotides with various numbers of phosphate residues, such as monophosphates or diphosphates. Hence, these enzymes are promising candidates for cofactor regeneration systems. Besides adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, PPK2s also catalyse the synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides in vitro, as shown here for adenosine 5′‐tetraphosphate and adenosine 5′‐pentaphosphate. These unusually phosphorylated adenosine 5′‐polyphosphates add up to 50 % of the whole adenosine nucleotides in the assay. The two new products were chemically synthesised to serve as standards and compared with the two enzymatically produced compounds by high‐performance ion chromatography and 31P NMR analysis. This study shows that PPK2s are highly suitable for biocatalytic synthesis of different phosphorylated nucleotides.
Low‐dose systemic thrombolytic therapy for treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism: Clinical efficacy but attendant hemorrhagic risks
Authors: Rothschild Daniel P. , Goldstein James A. , Bowers Terry R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of “low‐dose” systemic thrombolytic therapy (TT) for treatment of patients with intermediate‐high risk submassive pulmonary embolism (PE).BackgroundTT is increasingly utilized in acute submassive PE. Strategies for TT include catheter‐directed administration as well as traditional IV systemic therapy. Regardless of the route, most studies document the attendant significant bleeding complication rates expected from induction of a systemic lytic state. To mitigate bleeding, “low‐dose” systemic TT (Alteplase 50 mg) has been advocated, based on recent studies which demonstrated clinical efficacy with elimination of any significant bleeding complications.MethodsOver a 24‐month period, our institutional PE Response Team treated 45 acute submassive PE patients with “Low Dose” IV Alteplase 50 mg. Clinical outcomes and bleeding complications were assessed.ResultsOverall clinical outcome was excellent, with 97.8% of patients surviving to discharge and a 30‐day, all‐cause mortality of 4.4%. Despite no patients having a HAS‐BLED score > 2 (average score = 0.8 +/−), ISTH major and GUSTO moderate bleeding was observed in 11% (n = 5) of cases.ConclusionsThe present observations document that low‐dose systemic TT is associated with excellent clinical outcome for intermediate‐high risk submassive PE, but with attendant risk for bleeding. These findings are consistent with the concept that induction of a therapeutic lytic state carries inextricable bleeding risk.
A Self‐Assembled Unit Comprising 12 Squaraine Dyes Built Up from Two Star‐Shaped Hexasquarainyl‐Benzene Molecules
Authors: Schreck Maximilian H. , Röhr Merle I. S. , Clark Timothy , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank , Lambert Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe describe the aggregate formation and optical properties of a star‐shaped hexaarylbenzene with six squaraine chromophores (=hexasquarainyl benzene). Comprehensive concentration‐dependence studies in acetone/CHCl3 mixtures reveal a strong propensity to form discrete dimeric aggregates with a high binding constant in excess of 106 m−1. In this context, a large hypsochromic shift of almost 2700 cm−1 was found in the absorption spectrum, indicating H‐type exciton coupling. The aggregate band is characterised by a very small band width of only 560 cm−1, probably caused by exchange narrowing. Both experimental and computational methods were used to elucidate the supramolecular aggregate structure, which is assumed to consist of two stacked hexasquarainyl benzene monomers.
Silver Nanorings: New Generation of Transparent Conductive Films
Authors: Azani Mohammad‐Reza , Hassanpour Azin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Mohammad‐Reza Azani and Azin Hassanpour from Intercomet S.L., Madrid, Spain. The image depicts nanowires converting to nanorings with better opto‐electrical properties. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201804788.