bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Rochima Emma , Safitri Ratu , Rahayuningsih Sri Rejeki 
Published: March 2018

This study was aimedto identify probiotic characteristics and to test the cellulolytic ability of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides bacteria for probiotic microbe candidates in fish and shrimp feed. The description of the cellulolytic and amylolytic abilities of these bacteriawas obtained by non-experimental method and descriptive analysis. Probiotic characteristic identification includes growth curve was obtained through total plate count method, cellular and colony morphology, and cellulase and amylase enzyme activity test using DNS method. Results indicated that the maximum growth of B. megateriumwas observed after six hours at 35.62 x 10 10 (CFU), while B. mycoideswasafter 30 hoursat 42.6 x 10 10(CFU). The macroscopic observation showed that the colony of B. megateriumwas concave and smooth,while B. mycoides was flat, relatively rough, with silken threads around the colony.Both bacteria had milky white color, bacillus shape, Gram positive, and sporous. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. megateriumwere 3,974 units/ml and 1,831 units/ml, respectively. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. mycoideswere 3,506 units/ml and 3,730 units/ml, respectively. It can be concluded that both bacteria could be proposed as probiotic bacteria in fish feed. Keywords: Characterization, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, probiotic microbes, feed.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Fungus from Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora apiculata L.) and (Bruguiera gymnorrizha (L.) Lamk.) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603
Authors: Nia Rossiana , Mia Miranti , Oktapiana Kosmita 
Published: March 2018

Pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae is the cause of pneumonia disease in infants and adults. Antibiotics treatment is usually used to treat this disease. However, synthetic antibiotic use could lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, novel antibiotics from natural resources are required to overcome this problem. The aim of present study is to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal extracts from mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza against K. pneumonia ATCC 700 603. Isolation, cultivation, extraction and antibacterial activity test were conducted. Fourteen endophytic fungi were derived from the two mangrove species, where the two fungal isolates: Penicilium sp.2 and Penicilium sp.4 showed the highest antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of K. pneumoniae for both fungal extract is 3.6 mg mL-1, where bactericidal effect was observed. Additionally, antibacterial activity from the extract of Penncillium sp.4 is higher compared to Penicilium sp.2 extract, which is signified by larger average diameter of inhibition zone. However, at concentration more than 3.6 mg mL-1, both extract effectively inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae. Our study reveals the potential of fungal extract from mangrove plant as prospective drug candidate to overcome the pneumonia disease. Keywords: antibacterial, pneumonia, endophytic fungi, mangrove
The Effect of Bio-fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties of Sugarcane in Purwadadi Subang
Authors: Mulyani Oviyanti , Trinurani Emma , Sudirja Rija , Joy Benny 
Published: March 2018

Biofertilizer is a biological product that can be used to improve the soil fertility. It is useful in enriching soil with micro-organisms that produces organic nutrients and may also reduce the plant diseases. This experiment investigates the usefulness of biofertilizer which can increase the soil properties. This study was conducted at sugarcane plantation, Purwadadi Subang Bandung. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were (50 ; 25) g/treatment Biofertilizer + (¼ ; ½ ; ¾ ; 1) of the recommended dose of NPK and the recommended dose of NPK as a control. The chemical properties (potential K, K sorption, potential P, P sorption, total N and pH) were affected by biofertilizer application, except for N sorption. The best treatment from this product was combination from high level of biofertilizer (50 g) and (1/2 - 1) of the recommended dose of NPK. The application of biofertilizer can substitute NPK fertilizer 25% - 50% in soil. In general, this product has a good potency especially to increase some of soil chemical properties in a short time with simple application in the field.Keywords: Biofertilizer, Efficay, Inorganic Fertilizer
Isolation and Characterization of Collagenase from Bacillus thuringiensis for Degrading Fish Skin Collagen of Cirata Reservoir Waste
Authors: Rochima Emma , Pratama Rusky Intan , Andriani Yuli 
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize collagenase of Bacillus thuringiensis obtained from the collection of Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University. The substrate of collagen was derived from skin Tilapia waste of Cirata Reservoar. This study showed the presence of clear zone which is a sign of colagenolitik activity of B. thuringiensis. The optimum production time of collagenase was 24 hours of incubation. Collagenase of crude extract had collagenase activity of 0.181 units/ml with the protein concentration was 0.640 mg/ml. It was also found that the optimum temperature of collagenase derived from crude extract was 50° C and the optimum pH was 7-9. Keywords: collagenase; Bacillus thuringiensis; skin, waste
The Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes Biofertilizer to Increase Soil P and Yield of Maize on Ultisols Jatinangor
Authors: Fitriatin Betty Natalie , Suryatmana Pujawati , Yuniarti Anny , Istifadah Noor 
Published: March 2018

Ultisols has problems of low availability of nutrients, especially phosphorus. To improve soil phosphate and P fertilizer efficiency, it is necessary to develop biofertilizer such as phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) have the capability of dissolving soil phosphorus which have been adsorbed and can mineralize organic P to become inorganic P, hence increasing the avalibility of P in the soil. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas cepacea) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp) were selected based on their ability to dissolve P. The experiment was conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to study the application of PSM biofertilizer to increase soil P and yield of maize. Experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in factorial pattern, consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of PSM biofertilizer, which were; without PSM, 5 L ha-1 of PSM and 50 kg ha-1 of PSM. The second factor was P fertilizer with five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dosage of recommendation). The results showed that the application of PSM biofertilizer increased soil phosphate and yield of maize on Ultisol Jatinangor. The dosage of P inorganic fertilizers was reduced by 50%.Keywords: ultisol, maize, biofertillizer, phospate-solubilizing bacteria.
Management of Runoff Harvesting as a Source of Irrigation Water in Dry Land Agriculture on Steep Land Slope
Authors: Bafdal Nurpilihan , Dwiratna Sophia 
Published: March 2018

In tropical country such as Indonesia, the production for crops in dry land always depend on climatic condition especially rainfall for crop growth. Since the availability of the water is limited, therefore cultivation of crops is investigated. Indonesia has two seasons which are dry season and wet season. During dry season crops in dry land is of limited water supply, therefore crops meet its water requirement from soil water only. Heavy rainfall in the wet season, indicates water cannot fully conserved in the soil and some surface water lost as a runoff. This research was conducted with descriptive analysis method for analyzing the potential rainfall on the research center, and field observation method for calculating the potential of runoff water. Results showed that runoff on the area planted with single seasonal crop is greater than that planted with mixed seasonal crop. Also note that about 60 cubic meter of runoff that is stored in the storage pond can be used to irrigate of 70 square meters the area planted with sweet corn + sweet potato for two planting seasons. The harvesting runoff on dry land can increase cropping intensity from one to three times of planting per year. It can be said that the runoff harvesting is able to improve dry land farmers welfare. Keywords: Runoff harvesting, multiple cropping, irrigation
The Simple Method to Assess Land Quality of Paddy Field Using Spectral, Soil pH and Statistical Regression Technique (Case Study of Paddy Field in Majalaya Subdistrict, Bandung Region)
Authors: Ghazali Mochamad Firman , Harto Agung Budi , Wikantika Ketut 
Published: March 2018

Assessing land quality has important use in understanding the capability of soil in producing food. The area of paddy fields in Majalaya Subdistrict is located around the industrial zone and this situation is urgent to understand the land quality of paddy field due to the influence effect of industrial waste to its growth. A combination of regression model and Landsat 8 image to estimate soil pH distribution is used to predict the land quality. The result of this study is shown that the regression model of red and near infrared (NIR) band combination is used to predict soil pH has been successfully given the smallest error (RMSe) as the soil pH accuracy is 1.18 and related to the land quality assessment based on predicted soil pH is shown that in the whole area of paddy field has the acid situation of soil pH.Keywords: Spectral, Soil pH; Regression, Land Quality; Land Suitability
Mycophytoextraction of Mercury from Small-Scale Gold Mine Tailings Contaminating Agricultural Land and Its Effect on Maize Growth
Authors: Fiqri Amrullah , Utomo Wani Hadi , Handayanto Eko 
Published: March 2018

An experiments aimed to explore the effects of mycorrhizae inoculation on the potential of local plant species (Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Lindernia crustacea) for phytoextraction of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings contaminating agricultural land has been conducted in a glasshouse. The first experiment was set up as three plant species, and doses of mycorrhizal inoculation, i.e. 0 and 30 spores/plant. At harvest of 63 days, shoots and roots were analyzed for mercury concentration, consisted of 6 treatments (PcM0; PcM1; CkM0; CkM1; LcM0; LcM1), and the second experiment using the remediated soils of the first trials consisted of treatments (six treatments previous and one control) were used for growing maize 84 days. Each of the plant seedlings was planted in a plastic pot containing 10 kg of tailing and compost mixture. The results showed that Glomus was the most compatible mycorrhizae against the three types of host plants studied. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly affected plant growth and biomass weight of three plant species. The highest Hg accumulation (56.3 mg/kg) was observed in the shoot of PcM1. Overall, the tested three plant species could be used for phytoextration of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings contaminating agricultural land, but its interactions with mycorrhizae did not significantly affect the accumulation of mercury. Myco-phytoextraction of mercury significantly enhanced maize growth and biomass. Keywords: Cyperus kyllingia, Lindernia crustacea; Paspalum conjugatum; phytoremediation; gold mine tailings
Organic Matter and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application to Sustain Maize Growth under Water Stress Condition in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Utami Sri Rahayu , Rohmawatia H. , Kumalontang W. J. N. , Prijono Sugeng 
Published: March 2018

Crop growth is normally rather limited in calcareous soils, due to the low phophorus availability and water scarcity. Organic matter (OM) is commonly applied to reduce P fixation, as also improving other nutrients content and water availability in the soil. Since calcareous soils often encounter water scarcity especially in dry period, the effectiveness of OM under water stress condition is still interesting to study. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of water stress, P-fertilizer and organic matter application on P-uptake and maize growth in calcareous soil. Soil samples used for this study, were taken from 0-20 cm depth, in Pagak, South Malang, East Java. A complete randomized design was used, with 3 factors and 3 replications. Factor 1 was consisted of 3 water stress level, i.e no stress (S0), slightly stress (S1), and moderately stress (S2). Factor 2 was consisted of 2 Phosphorus level: with (200 kg SP36 per Ha). and without P-fertilizer. Factor 3 was OM application (12 Mg Ha-1), i.e. without OM (B0), Tithonia diversifolia (B1), Gliricidia sepium (B2), and combination of Tithonia diversifolia and Gliricidia sepium (B3).Soil samples were added with fertilizer and organic matter, and incubated within 2 weeks. Water stress treatment were conducted after incubation period. Phosphorus availability (P-Olsen and P-labile) in the soil was measured at 0, 28, and 56 day after planting (dap). Crop height was measured at 14, 28, 42, and 56 dap. Whereas P-uptake and biomass dry weight were measured at 56 dap. The results showed that OM application increased P-uptake, crop height and biomass dry weight. The effect was slightly improved by P-fertilizer application, but decreased as the water stress level increased. With or without P fertilizer, Tithonia diversifolia was more effective than Gliricidia sepium, when water was sufficient. At slightly water stress condition, the different between the two OM sources became less significant, especially when P fertilizer was added. Under moderately water stress condition, application of OM and P-fertilizer had no significant impact on maize growth. Keywords: P-availability;P-uptake; sustainable agriculture; water scarcity.
Application of Various Concentrations of Liquid Waste from Oil Palm Mill on the Growth of Oil Palm Plant (Elaeis guinensis, Jacq)
Authors: Malsriwijaya Bakri , Bernas Siti Masreah , Budianta Dedik , Said Muhammad 
Published: March 2018

Waste water from oil palm mill can be utilized for irrigation and fertilization on plantation land (land application) because it contains nutrients required by plant and its capability to decrease negative impact on environment. The waste water was sprayed on oil palm plant having 4 months, 8 months and 12 months old. This study was conducted within plastic house using Factorial Completely Randomized Design which consisted of liquid waste concentration with 6 levels as well as oil palm plant ages with three replications. The research objective was to determine the respond of oil palm plant at different ages to the addition of liquid waste concentrations from oil palm mill. The plants were planted within drum consisting of soil from tidal swamp land and liquid waste from private oil palm mill in Banyuasin District. Liquid waste characteristics of oil palm mill from anaerobe pond were as follows: BOD = 24,820.2 mg/l, N = 650.2 mg/l, P = 25 mg/l and K = 295.1 mg/l. Data was tested by using statistical method to determine treatments effect and followed by difference test amongst treatments. The results showed that plant age treatments had highly significant effect on plant height, numbers of stem and plant dry mater weight. Treatment of liquid waste doses had highly significant effect on plant height in 5 months after treatment and plant dry matter weight. Interaction between liquid waste doses and plant ages had no significant effect. Treatment of 12 months plant age and liquid waste of oil palm mill at dose of 2,500 mg/l was significantly different from other treatments. Keywords: Waste Water of Oil Palm Mill -Plant Age – Plant Growth
Integrated Water Resources Conservation Management for a Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Asdak Chay , Munawir Munawir 
Published: March 2018

Many of Indonesia’s watersheds are reaching a critical stage. As a result of higher rates of erosion and sedimentation, the number of critical watersheds in Indonesia has increased from 22 in 1984 to 58 in 2000 and in 2014 this number has reached 108. This result in food security is being threatened because there is insufficient water available for agriculture purposes due to catchment degradation, especially in the upper parts of the watersheds. At the same time, Indonesia’s new government focused its national development programs on food security for the next five years. For these reasons Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency believes that it is timely to develop a national policy on Integrated Water Conservation Management (IWCM). To provide the rationale and suggested content for such a national policy, this paper has been prepared based onfocused group discussions with relevant interests at the national and regional levels. To obtain specific input from regional stakeholders, workshops were held in Medan, Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Makassar as well as line agencies based in the state capital of Jakarta from October 2014 to March 2015. At the landscape level, the formulation of national policy on IWCM was based on integrated watershed management analysis as water resources within a specific watershed are integrated into other resources within an ecosystem. This action research recommends the following: a) integrating the IWCM into the regular regional development activities, b) encouraging local agreements on water resource conservation including local adat communities, c) formulating attractive economic incentives in implementing IWCM programs, d) using corporate social responsibility and payment for environment services funding to boost water resource conservation program at village level, and e) involving actively women in the IWCM programs. Considering that socio-cultural aspects are also playing an important role in the IWCM, a national-level of institutional arrangement on IWCM will also be proposed. Keywords: IWCM; food security; green and blue water; watershed; institutional arrangement; Indonesia
Toxicity of Barringtonia asiatica L. (KURZ.), Melia azedarach L. and Annona muricata L. Seed Extract Mixture Against Larvae Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)
Authors: Retnasari Eka , Puspasari Lindung Tri , Meliansyah Rika , Maharani Rani , Hidayat Yusup , Dono Danar 
Published: March 2018

Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach and Annona muricata are plants that have a potency for insect pest control. Their insecticidal activities include poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting the growth of larvae. This study aimed to determine insecticidal activities of seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach and A. muricata and their mixtures against C. pavonana F.. Experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Pesticide and Application Techniques, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from August to November 2014. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized desain (CRD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the seed extract of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures (1:1) at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and a control treatment. The results showed that the mixture of B. asiatica and A. muricata extract was effective to control C. pavonana larvae. At the concentration of 0.1%, it caused 100% larval mortality at 3 days after application. It had also antifeedant activity. It seems there is a synergistic effects between B. asiatica and A. muricata extract. Therefore, seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures have a potency to control C. pavonana larvae. Keywords: Annona muricata, Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach, Crocidolomia pavonana, extract mixture, mortality.
Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) Associated with Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Garo garo), Rubiaceae
Authors: Dono Danar , Hidayat Yusup , Iamba Kari 
Published: March 2018

Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important economic pests of coffee, cocoa and other agricultural crops. The species that commonly attack coffee (Rubiaceae) beans is Araecerus fasciculatus (Degeer) commonly known as coffee bean weevil. However, five (5) undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Rubiceae) commonly known as Garo garo and it is a native tree of Papua New Guinea. Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species of genus Araecerus (Anthribidae) were designated as Araecerus sp.1, Araecerus sp.2, Araecerus sp.3, Araecerus sp.4 and Araecerus sp.5 according to their differences in body length; scutellum color, size, hair-scales and visibility; length of first and second segments of fore tarsus; apical and subapical teeth-size (mandible and maxillary palpi); declivity of dorsal abdomen; basal-anterior eye markings; lateral eye markings; absence of eye markings; and shape of pygidium. Araecerus sp.1 was described as having yellowish gold marking inside the base of eye, Araecerus sp.2 with pygidium almost vertically-flat at abdominal apex, Araecerus sp.3 have eyes without yellowish gold marking and generally dark in colour, Araecerus sp.4 with distinct yellowish gold interior-lateral marking in its eye, and Araecerus sp.5 with pygidium pointed at abdominal apex. Proper identification of these five species is beneficial for effective application of control measures. Since they are major pests of cash crops such as coffee and cocoa, identification of their species and quantification of their abundance will foster economic returns and crop protection aspects as their abundance is closely related to crop damage. Keywords: Araecerus; scutellum; declivity; pygidium.
Resistance Potential to Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa Cooke and Peck) of Several Yellow and Black Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Genotypes
Authors: Yulia Endah , Widiantini Fitri , Karuniawan Agung , Comoc Rudolf 
Published: March 2018

Powdery mildew caused by Microsphaera diffusa has recently received more attention because of yield losses caused by the disease and has even been reported as a limiting factor on soybean production in a certain soybean plantation areas. The aim of the research was to examine resistance potential of several yellow and black soybean genotypes in order to develop powdery mildew-resistant soybean varieties. The experiment was conducted in rainy season of 2013 at the Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, using a Randomized Block Design with 61 soybean genotypes as treatments that replicated two times. Each genotype was planted in plot (5 m long) consisted of 25 plants from which 6 plants per plot were sampled randomly. The disease intensity and soybean yield were assessed. The result showed that 15 genotypes were not infected by the disease, namely UP-104, UP-106, UP-108, UP-111, UP-112, UP-113, UP-114, UP-125, UP-127, UP-130, UP-136, UP-137, Argomulyo, Arjasari and Mintani, whereas other 46 genotypes were infected with the highest disease intensity of around 40%. Genotypes showing resistance potential are considered as a potential source of resistance genes that valuable in the disease-resistant soybean breeding. Keywords: Soybean; resistance; powdery mildew; Microsphaera diffusa