bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive testing for Huntington disease over 24 years: Evolution of the profile of the participants and analysis of symptoms
Authors: Ramond Francis , Quadrio Isabelle , Le Vavasseur Laurence , Chaumet Hélène , Boyer Fabrice , Bost Muriel , Ollagnon‐Roman Elisabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuntington disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative autosomal dominant genetic condition. Predictive testing (PT) is available through a defined protocol for at‐risk individuals. We analyzed the over‐24‐years evolution of practices regarding PT for HD in a single center.MethodsWe gathered data from the files of all individuals seeking PT for HD in Lyon, France, from 1994 to 2017.Results448 out of 567 participants had exploitable data. Age at consultation dichotomized over 24 years toward an eightfold increase in individuals aged >55 (2/94 vs. 30/183; 2% to 16%; p < .0001) and twice as many individuals aged 18–20 (3/94 vs. 12/183; 3%–7%; p < .05). Motives for testing remained stable. The rate of withdrawal doubled over 24 years (9/94 vs. 38/183; 9%–21%; p < .02). Independently of the time period, less withdrawal was observed for married, accompanied, at 50% risk, and symptomatic individuals, and in those able to explicit the motives for testing or taking the test to inform their children. We also assessed the consistency between the presence of subtle symptoms compatible with HD found before the test by the team's neurologist, and the positivity of the molecular test. The concordance was 100% (17/17) for associated motor and cognitive signs, 87% (27/31) for isolated motor signs, and 70% (7/10) for isolated cognitive signs. Furthermore, 91% (20/22) of individuals who requested testing because they thought they had symptoms, were indeed found carriers.ConclusionThis over‐24 years study underlines an increasing withdrawal from protocol and a dichotomization of participants’ age. We also show a strong concordance between symptoms perceived by the neurologist or by the patient, and the subsequent positivity of the predictive molecular test.
Six‐element dual polarized high‐gain MIMO antenna for multiband applications
Authors: Satam Vandana , Nema Shikha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA planar six‐elements, dual‐polarized, high‐gain, multiband antenna for diverse application is proposed in this manuscript. The proposed design consists of six radiating elements and a parasitic element on the top side of the structure. Each radiating element consists of overlapped ellipse with a line feeding technique. Iterations have been carried out on the number of antenna elements as well as on the spacing between the elements to get a minimum coupling between antenna elements. To compensate the coupling effect as well as to increase the impedance bandwidth, a ground plane structure has been modified with “L” shape structures. Fabricated prototype has an isolation less than −2 dB with highest gain of 6.7 dBi. Diversity in polarization is achieved by orienting antenna elements in vertical as well as in horizontal directions. A simple and compact design of antenna with good gain and less correlation coefficient makes an antenna useful for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications in the wireless communication systems. Simulation and measurement results validates the use of proposed structure in various applications like ISM, WLAN, Wi‐Fi, short range radar, and satellite applications.
ALTIS: A fast and automatic lung and trachea CT‐image segmentation method
Authors: Sousa Azael M. , Martins Samuel B. , Falcão Alexandre X. , Reis Fabiano , Bagatin Ericson , Irion Klaus 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe automated segmentation of each lung and trachea in CT scans is commonly taken as a solved problem. Indeed, existing approaches may easily fail in the presence of some abnormalities caused by a disease, trauma, or previous surgery. For robustness, we present ALTIS (implementation is available at http://lids.ic.unicamp.br/downloads) — a fast automatic lung and trachea CT‐image segmentation method that relies on image features and relative shape‐ and intensity‐based characteristics less affected by most appearance variations of abnormal lungs and trachea.MethodsALTIS consists of a sequence of image foresting transforms (IFTs) organized in three main steps: (a) lung‐and‐trachea extraction, (b) seed estimation inside background, trachea, left lung, and right lung, and (c) their delineation such that each object is defined by an optimum‐path forest rooted at its internal seeds. We compare ALTIS with two methods based on shape models (SOSM‐S and MALF), and one algorithm based on seeded region growing (PTK).ResultsThe experiments involve the highest number of scans found in literature — 1255 scans, from multiple public data sets containing many anomalous cases, being only 50 normal scans used for training and 1205 scans used for testing the methods. Quantitative experiments are based on two metrics, DICE and ASSD. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the robustness of ALTIS in seed estimation. Considering the test set, the proposed method achieves an average DICE of 0.987 for both lungs and 0.898 for the trachea, whereas an average ASSD of 0.938 for the right lung, 0.856 for the left lung, and 1.316 for the trachea. These results indicate that ALTIS is statistically more accurate and considerably faster than the compared methods, being able to complete segmentation in a few seconds on modern PCs.ConclusionALTIS is the most effective and efficient choice among the compared methods to segment left lung, right lung, and trachea in anomalous CT scans for subsequent detection, segmentation, and quantitative analysis of abnormal structures in the lung parenchyma and pleural space.
Relationship Between Trajectories of Trunk Fat Development in Emerging Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Risk at 36 Years of Age
Authors: Barbour‐Tuck Erin N. , Erlandson Marta C. , Sherar Lauren B. , Eisenmann Joey C. , Muhajarine Nazeem , Foulds Heather , Vatanparast Hassan , Nisbet Christine , Kontulainen Saija , Baxter‐Jones Adam D.G. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined trajectories of trunk fat mass (FM) accrual during emerging adulthood of individuals categorized, at 36 years of age, as having higher compared with lower scores of (1) metabolic risk and (2) blood pressure risk.MethodsFifty‐five individuals from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991‐2017) were assessed from adolescence (mean [SD], 11.5 [1.8] years) through emerging adulthood (26.2 [2.2] years) and into early adulthood (35.6 [2.2] years) (median 11 visits per individual). Sex‐specific median splits of continuous standardized risk scores at 36 years of age were created. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐assessed trunk FM trajectories were analyzed using multilevel random effects models.ResultsHigher risk scores of blood pressure risk and metabolic risk had significantly steeper trajectories of fat development (0.45 [0.11] and 0.44 [0.11] log g, respectively) than the lower risk scores. Dietary fat was not related (P > 0.05). Physical activity was negatively related (−0.04 [0.02] physical activity score) to trunk FM development during emerging adulthood.ConclusionsYoung adults with higher metabolic risk at 36 years of age had greater trunk FM development during both adolescence and emerging adulthood, supporting the need for intervention at both these critical periods of fat accrual.
Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of ethylenediamine synthetic opioids in human μ‐opiate receptor 1 (OPRM1) expressing cells
Authors: Hsu Tom , Mallareddy Jayapal R. , Yoshida Kayla , Bustamante Vincent , Lee Tim , Krstenansky John L. , Zambon Alexander C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpioids are powerful analgesics acting via the human μ‐opiate receptor (hMOR). Opioid use is associated with adverse effects such as tolerance, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation. Two synthetic opioids, AH‐7921 and U‐47700 that were developed in the 1970s but never marketed, have recently appeared on the illegal drug market and in forensic toxicology reports. These agents were initially characterized for their analgesic activity in rodents; however, their pharmacology at hMOR has not been delineated. Thus, we synthesized over 50 chemical analogs based on core AH‐7921 and U‐47700 structures to assess for their ability to couple to Gαi signaling and induce hMOR internalization. For both the AH‐7921 and U‐47700 analogs, the 3,4‐dichlorobenzoyl substituents were the most potent with comparable EC50 values for inhibition of cAMP accumulation; 26.49 ± 11.2 nmol L−1 and 8.8 ± 4.9 nmol L−1, respectively. Despite similar potencies for Gαi coupling, these two compounds had strikingly different hMOR internalization efficacies: U‐47700 (10 μmol L−1) induced ~25% hMOR internalization similar to DAMGO while AH‐7921 (10 μmol L−1) induced ~5% hMOR internalization similar to morphine. In addition, the R, R enantiomer of U‐47700 is significantly more potent than the S, S enantiomer at hMOR. In conclusion, these data suggest that U‐47700 and AH‐7921 analogs have high analgesic potential in humans, but with divergent receptor internalization profiles, suggesting that they may exhibit differences in clinical utility or abuse potential.
Polymorphism in Late Cretaceous phylloceratid ammonoids: evidence from ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing
Authors: Iwasaki Tetsuro , Iwasaki Yui , Wani Ryoji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing between succeeding chambers of two phylloceratid ammonoids, Hypophylloceras subramosum and Phyllopachyceras ezoense, from the Haboro and Kotanbetsu areas, north‐western Hokkaido, Japan, were analysed. The ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing of H. subramosum demonstrate a general trend with large intraspecific variation: two cycles of increasing to decreasing spacing followed by almost constant spacing. The large intraspecific variation can be subdivided into three types, making this species polymorphic. The ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing of P. ezoense also show intraspecific variation, but with a different trend: one cycle of increasing to decreasing spacing and an increasing trend after that. The intraspecific variation can be subdivided into two types, which suggests that this species is dimorphic, possibly sexually dimorphic. Dimorphism is supported by two observations: (1) the difference in the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing is only seen in the later ontogenetic stages; and (2) the two types co‐occur with comparable abundance throughout all stratigraphic horizons. Detailed analyses of ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing may reveal polymorphism in other ammonoid clades.
Biostratigraphy and evolution of larger rotaliid foraminifera in the Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition of the southern Oman Mountains
Authors: Vicedo Vicent , Robles‐Salcedo Raquel , Serra‐Kiel Josep , Hidalgo Cristian , Razin Philippe , Grélaud Carine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA site in the western flank of Jabal Ja'alan (Oman Mountains) reveals an exceptional succession across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. The sampled interval comprises a series of carbonates deposited in shallow‐water platform environments and belonging to the Murka Formation, which lies between the Simsima and Abat formations of latest Cretaceous and Thanetian age, respectively. The larger foraminifera recovered from this interval belong essentially to the group of larger rotaliids (Rotaliidae). Two new genera and two new species are here described, Praelockhartia neoakbari gen. et sp. nov. and Rotaliidium parvum gen. et sp. nov. The former shows a very characteristic architecture of an umbilicus with strong piles and two types of umbilical cavities, while the latter has characteristic dorsal supplementary chamberlets. Other species such as Rotalia cf. jacobi, Rotorbinella hensoni, Rotospirella conica and Lockhartia sp. complete the rotaliid assemblage. The entire assemblage can be considered to be of late Danian age and to belong to shallow benthic zone SBZ 2. The larger rotaliids appear to have recovered and diversified earlier than any other larger benthic foraminifera in the region after the K–Pg crisis. The rotaliids from the Murka Formation also appear to be linked to the Lockhartiinae and to play a special role in improving our understanding of subsequent diversification in the Lockhartia Sea. A new subfamily, Praelockhartiinae, is erected to accommodate all primitive forms that are architecturally close to lockhartiines.
Testing conditional independence and homogeneity in large sparse three‐way tables using conditional distance covariance
Authors: Zhang Qingyang , Tinker Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConditional independence test for three‐way contingency tables is a classic problem in multivariate statistics. Traditional methods including Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test and conditional mutual information test are powerful under sufficient sample size; however, in sparse settings, these methods may fail to detect the association due to the violation of normality assumption. In this paper, we propose to use a recently developed measure, namely, conditional distance covariance, to test conditional independence in large sparse R×C×K tables. We derive the explicit formula of conditional distance covariance between three categorical variables, and we suggest a maximum‐type statistic for hypothesis testing. In addition, we introduce a new statistic based on distance covariance to test homogeneity in three‐way tables. We conduct an extensive simulation study to illustrate the superiority of our method to the existing ones.
Merging Preclinical EPR Tomography with other Imaging Techniques
Authors: Gonet Michal , Epel Boris , Halpern Howard J. , Elas Martyna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a survey of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) image registration. Image registration is the process of overlaying images (two or more) of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints and/or different techniques. EPR-imaging (EPRI) techniques belong to the functional-imaging modalities and therefore suffer from a lack of anatomical reference which is mandatory in preclinical imaging. For this reason, it is necessary to merging EPR images with other modalities which allow for obtaining anatomy images. Methodological analysis and review of the literature were done, providing a summary for developing a good foundation for research study in this field which is crucial in understanding the existing levels of knowledge. Out of these considerations, the aim of this paper is to enhance the scientific community’s understanding of the current status of research in EPR preclinical image registration and also communicate to them the contribution of this research in the field of image processing.
The Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI-2) May Be a Measure of Pedohebephilia
Authors: Stephens Skye , Seto Michael C. , Cantor James M. , Lalumière Martin L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI-2) was developed as a screening measure for pedophilia (sexual interest in prepubescent children), but the SSPI-2 items reflect offending against both prepubescent and pubescent children, roughly corresponding to victims under age 15.

Aim
We examined whether the SSPI-2 is better interpreted as a measure of pedohebephilia (sexual interest in both prepubescent and pubescent children) by reanalyzing the original SSPI-2 data and reporting its new psychometric properties.

Methods
The sample was comprised of 1,900 men whose clinical assessment data were entered into an archival database. All men in the sample had at least 1 child victim. Phallometric indices based on sexual responses to children relative to adults were used to classify individuals as having pedophilia only, hebephilia only (sexual interest in pubescent children), or pedohebephilia.

Main Outcome Measure
The 5 SSPI-2 items were scored based on official file information sent by the referral source and self-disclosures about offending history made during the assessment.

Results
The phallometric indices revealed that pedohebephilia was most frequently observed (24%), followed by hebephilia only (16%) and pedophilia only (1%). Classification accuracy analyses suggest that the SSPI-2 may be more appropriately interpreted as a measure of pedohebephilia than hebephilia only; there were too few cases of pedophilia only for classification analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values are presented to assist users in selecting appropriate SSPI-2 cut-offs.

Clinical Implications
The SSPI-2 should be interpreted as a measure of pedohebephilia when used in clinical practice or research, and test users should select the most appropriate cut-off score based on their assessment context. Classification accuracy results are modest, and the scale may be most appropriately used in research or as a screening measure.

Strengths & Limitations
The study used a comprehensive clinical database with well-validated measures. A limitation is that the dataset did not contain other assessment measures of sexual interest in children, and we were unable to examine if the SSPI-2 could detect pedophilia only due to its low base rate.

Conclusion
The SSPI-2 may be best conceptualized as a measure of pedohebephilia. Further, there was significant overlap between pedophilia and hebephilia; pedophilia only was rarely observed.
Low-Intensity Shock Wave Therapy in Sexual Medicine—Clinical Recommendations from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM)
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Frey Anders , Jensen Christian Fuglesang S. , Rastrelli Giulia , Russo Giorgio I. , Torremade Josep , Albersen Maarten , Gruenwald Ilan , Reisman Yacov , Corona Giovanni 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LISWT) has been investigated for the treatment of uroandrological disorders including erectile dysfunction (ED), Peyronie’s disease (PD) and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) with controversial findings.

Aim
To review the evidence on LISWT for ED, PD, and CP/CPPS and provide clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society of Sexual Medicine.

Methods
Medline and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses and open-label prospective or retrospective studies investigating the effect of LISWT on ED, PD, or CP/CPPS.

Outcomes
The panel provided statements on clinically relevant questions concerning LISWT: (i) treatment efficacy, (ii) treatment protocol, (iii) clinical indications, and (iv) safety. The level of evidence was provided according to the Oxford 2011 criteria and graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations.

Results
11 RCTs and 5 meta-analyses investigated LISWT for ED. RCTs provided controversial results on the efficacy of LISWT and were affected by high heterogeneity and the small number of patients included. Pooled-data analysis showed an overall positive effect in terms of erectile function improvement but reported small estimates and included a largely heterogeneous cohort of patients. 4 RCTs and 1 meta-analysis assessed LISWT for PD. All trials showed positive findings in terms of pain relief but no effect on penile curvature and plaque size. Inclusion criteria vary widely among studies, and further investigation is needed. 5 RCTs investigated LISWT for CP/CPPS. Data showed a possible effect on pain relief, although there is no evidence supporting that pain relief was maintained or any improvement in pain over time.

Clinical Implications
LISWT needs to be further investigated in the context of sexual medicine and is almost but not yet ready for clinical practice.

Strengths and limitations
All studies have been evaluated by a panel of experts providing recommendations for clinical practice.

Conclusions
LISWT is a safe and well-tolerated procedure but its efficacy for the treatment of ED is doubtful and deserves more investigation. Patients reporting pain associated with PD may benefit from LISWT, although no effect is expected on disease progression. LISWT is not a primary treatment for CP/CPPS, but it may be considered as an option to relieve pain.
A Qualitative Study on the Transition Support Needs of Indigenous Australians Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fitts Michelle S. , Bird Katrina , Gilroy John , Fleming Jennifer , Clough Alan R. , Esterman Adrian , Maruff Paul , Fatima Yaqoot , Bohanna India 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:A growing body of qualitative literature globally describes post-hospital experiences during early recovery from a traumatic brain injury. For Indigenous Australians, however, little published information is available. This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of Indigenous Australians during the 6 months post-discharge, identify the help and supports accessed during transition and understand the gaps in service provision or difficulties experienced.Methods and Procedure:Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 6 months after hospital discharge to gain an understanding of the needs and lived experiences of 11 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who had suffered traumatic brain injury in Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Five major themes were identified within the data. These were labelled ‘hospital experiences’, ‘engaging with medical and community-based supports’, ‘health and wellbeing impacts from the injury’, ‘everyday living’ and ‘family adjustments post-injury’.Conclusions:While some of the transition experiences for Indigenous Australians were similar to those found in other populations, the transition period for Indigenous Australians is influenced by additional factors in hospital and during their recovery process. Lack of meaningful interaction with treating clinicians in hospital, challenges managing direct contact with multiple service providers and the injury-related psychological impacts are some of the factors that could prevent Indigenous Australians from receiving the supports they require to achieve their best possible health outcomes in the long term. A holistic approach to care, with an individualised, coordinated transition support, may reduce the risks for re-admission with further head injuries.
The likelihood of divorce and the riskiness of financial decisions
Authors: Stark Oded , Szczygielski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe link causally the riskiness of men's management of their finances with the probability of their experiencing a divorce. Our point of departure is that when comparing single men to married men, the former manage their finances in a more aggressive (that is, riskier) manner. Assuming that single men believe that low relative wealth has a negative effect on their standing in the marriage market and that they care about their standing in that market more than married men do, we find that a stronger distaste for low relative wealth translates into reduced relative risk aversion and, consequently, into riskier financial behavior. With this relationship in place we show how this difference varies depending on the “background” likelihood of divorce and, hence, on the likelihood of re-entry into the marriage market: married men in environments that are more prone to divorce exhibit risk-taking behavior that is more similar to that of single men than married men in environments that are little prone to divorce. We offer a theoretical contribution that helps inform and interpret empirical observations and regularities and can serve as a guide for follow-up empirical work, having established and identified the direction of causality.