bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A climate‐change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Brazil's protected areas
Authors: Lapola David M. , Silva José Maria C. da , Braga Diego R. , Carpigiani Larissa , Ogawa Fernanda , Torres Roger R. , Barbosa Luis C. F. , Ometto Jean P. H. B. , Joly Carlos A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human populations. We assessed the vulnerability to climate change of 993 terrestrial and coastal‐marine Brazilian PAs by combining indicators of climatic‐change hazard with indicators of PA resilience (size, native vegetation cover, and probability of climate‐driven vegetation transition). This combination of indicators allows the identification of broad climate‐change adaptation pathways. Seventeen PAs (20,611 km2) were highly vulnerable and located mainly in the Atlantic Forest (7 PAs), Cerrado (6), and the Amazon (4). Two hundred fifty‐eight PAs (756,569 km2), located primarily in Amazonia, had a medium vulnerability. In the Amazon and western Cerrado, the projected severe climatic change and probability of climate‐driven vegetation transition drove vulnerability up, despite the generally good conservation status of PAs. Over 80% of PAs of high or moderate vulnerability are managed by indigenous populations. Hence, besides the potential risks to biodiversity, the traditional knowledge and livelihoods of the people inhabiting these PAs may be threatened. In at least 870 PAs, primarily in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, adaptation could happen with little or no intervention due to low climate‐change hazard, high resilience status, or both. At least 20 PAs in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazonia should be targeted for stronger interventions (e.g., improvement of ecological connectivity), given their low resilience status. Despite being a first attempt to link vulnerability and adaptation in Brazilian PAs, we suggest that some of the PAs identified as highly or moderately vulnerable should be prioritized for testing potential adaptation strategies in the near future.
Contact allergy to hair cosmetic allergens in Thailand
Authors: Boonchai Waranya , Winayanuwattikun Waranaree , Limphoka Pichaya , Sukakul Thanisorn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHair cosmetics such as hair dyes, bleaching, waving, and cleansing products are composed of numerous chemical ingredients. Allergic reactions to these contact allergens, other than p‐phenylenediamine, are rarely reported.ObjectivesTo study the incidence of patch test reactions to hair cosmetic allergens and identify the factors associated with hair cosmetic allergy in Thailand.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the case records of patients who underwent patch testing from 2009 to 2018. Patients with at least one positive patch test reaction to a potential contact allergen associated with hair cosmetic ingredients were studied.ResultsOverall, 2842 patients were patch tested. Of the hair cosmetic allergen categories, preservatives had the highest rate of positive reactions, followed by surfactants and hair dyes. Perming agents were less problematic in comparison. The hands, head, and neck were the predominately affected sites of allergic reactions to hair cosmetic ingredients.ConclusionsPreservatives, surfactants, and hair dyes are important contact allergens, whereas perming agents are less likely to cause allergic reactions. Hair cosmetic ingredients are regulated by national agencies, which influences their extent of exposure and rates of contact allergies. Further continuous observation of hair cosmetic allergy is needed to provide the best patient care.
Changing words: How temporal consistency in a CEO's use of language toward shareholders and stakeholders affects CEO dismissal
Authors: Shin Taekjin , You Jihae 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe present study examines how temporal consistency in the CEO's use of language in public documents affects the board's decision to dismiss the CEO.Research Findings/InsightsUsing CEOs' letters to shareholders from 304 large firms in the United States in 1998–2007, we found that CEO dismissal risk is lower when the CEO consistently uses language that signals conformity to a prevailing institutional logic: shareholder‐value orientation. In contrast, dismissal risk is greater when the CEO consistently displays language that signals stakeholder orientation, an alternative institutional logic.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe present study contributes to signaling theory by incorporating a temporal dimension into the existing literature. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic actions taken by corporate leaders, suggesting that a CEO's desire to circumvent dismissal by courting shareholders helped institutionalize the shareholder‐value logic. The findings shed light on stakeholder management research by demonstrating that a one‐time gesture is not sufficient to gain support from stakeholders who value long‐run consistency in message. Finally, the present study extends CEO dismissal research by highlighting the importance of signaling and cognitive processes in the board's decision regarding CEO dismissal.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe present study provides insights to corporate executives who communicate with various stakeholders and to board members who make decisions about CEO retention and dismissal. The findings may also be useful for policy makers who design regulations about corporate communications and disclosures.
Mitral annular disjunction: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bennett Sadie , Thamman Ritu , Griffiths Timothy , Oxley Cheryl , Khan Jamal Nasir , Phan Thanh , Patwala Ashish , Heatlie Grant , Kwok Chun Shing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality where there is a separation between the mitral valve annulus and the left atrial wall which is not well understood.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of MAD, factors associated with MAD and clinical outcomes among patients with MAD.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included in this review, and the number of noncase report studies had between 23 and 1439 patients. The pooled rate of MAD in studies of myxomatous mitral valve patients was 66/130 (50.8%, 3 studies), and among patients with mitral valve prolapse was 95/291 (32.6%, 3 studies). One study suggests that 78% of patients with MAD had mitral valve prolapse, and another suggested it was strongly associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (HR 5.04 95% CI 1.66–15.31). In terms of clinical significance, it has been reported that MAD with disjunction > 8.5 mm was associated with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (OR 10 95% CI 1.28–78.1). There is also evidence that gadolinium enhancement in papillary muscle (OR 4.09 95% CI 1.28–13.05) and longitudinal MAD distance in posterolateral wall (OR 1.16 95% CI 1.02–1.33) was predictive of ventricular arrhythmia and late gadolinium enhancement in anterolateral papillary muscle was strongly associated with serious arrhythmic event (OR 7.35 95% CI 1.15–47.02).ConclusionsMitral annular disjunction appears to be common in myxomatous mitral valve disease and mitral valve prolapse which can be detected on cardiac imaging and may be important because of its association with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Immunomodulatory properties of selectively processed prawn protein fractions assessed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Faisal Md , Dargahi Narges , Vasiljevic Todor , Donkor Osaana N. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPrawn muscles were treated with acetic acid and high‐pressure processing (600 MPa) separately to analyse their antigenicity and immunogenicity. The protein fractions were separated and isolated using preparative HPLC, and their antigenicity was analysed using Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kit. Out of thirty‐nine protein fractions, only four (A10, A11, B10 and C9) were detected with antigenic potentials. The immunogenicity of these protein fractions was analysed using human PBMCs, and supernatants were collected at multiple times from 0 to 144 h. The treated fractions (B10 and C9) analysed using Immunoglobulin E (IgE) ELISA kit showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production compared with control (A10). The allergenic fractions were characterised using an LC/MS/MS, which identified nine proteins. Among these, six proteins (tropomyosin, arginine kinase, haemocyanin, enolase, vitellogenin and 14‐3‐3 zeta) have been established as allergenic in prawn muscle and ovaries. Other three proteins (beta‐1,3‐glucan‐binding protein, translationally controlled tumour protein and farnesoic acid O‐methyltransferase short isoform protein) identified in this study need further investigation for their immunogenic properties.
Processing and properties of Bi0.98R0.02FeO3 (R = La, Sm, Y) ceramics flash sintered at ~650°C in <5 s
Authors: Gil‐González Eva , Perejón Antonio , Sánchez‐Jiménez Pedro E. , Raj Rishi , Pérez‐Maqueda Luis A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe show that flash sintering produces single‐phase, nanograin‐sized polycrystals of isovalent‐substituted multiferroic ceramics of complex compositions. Single‐phase polycrystals of Bi0.98R0.02FeO3 (R = La, Sm, Y) were produced at a furnace temperature of ~650°C in a few seconds by the application of an electric field of 50 V cm−1, with the current limit set to 40 mA mm−2. The dielectric and insulating properties compared favorably with expected values. Impedance spectroscopy suggests electrically homogenous microstructure, except for the sample Bi0.98La0.02FeO3 that shows a small grain boundary contribution to the impedance. These results reinforce the enabling nature of flash sintering for ceramics which pose difficulties in conventional sintering because they contain low melting constituents or develop secondary phases during the sintering protocol.
Screening for hypertension using emergency department blood pressure measurements can identify patients with undiagnosed hypertension: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Armitage Laura C. , Whelan Maxine E. , Watkinson Peter J. , Farmer Andrew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypertension is the leading risk factor for death globally. A significant percentage of patients admitted to hospital have undiagnosed hypertension, yet recognition of elevated blood pressure (BP) in hospital and referral for post‐discharge assessment are poor. Physician perception that elevated inhospital BP is attributable to anxiety, pain, or white coat syndrome may underlie an expectation that BP will normalize following discharge. However, these patients frequently remain hypertensive. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the extent to which elevated inhospital BP can predict the presence of hypertension in previously undiagnosed adults. The authors included cohort studies in which hospital patients whose BP exceeded the study threshold underwent further post‐discharge BP assessment following discharge. Twelve studies were identified as eligible for inclusion; a total of 2627 participants met review eligibility criteria, and follow‐up BP data were available for 1240 (47.2%). Median percentage of patients remaining hypertensive following discharge was 43.6% (range: 14.2‐76.5). Across 7 studies which identified people with possible hypertension using an index test threshold of 140/90, the pooled proportion subsequently identified with hypertension at follow‐up was 43.4% (95% CI: 25.1%‐61.8%). This review indicates that screening for hypertension in the emergency hospital environment consistently identifies groups of patients with undiagnosed hypertension. Unscheduled hospital attendance therefore offers an important public health opportunity to identify patients with undiagnosed hypertension.
Biomarkers of oral inflammation in perinatally HIV‐infected and perinatally HIV‐exposed, uninfected youth
Authors: Moscicki Anna‐Barbara , Yao Tzy‐Jyun , Russell Jonathan S. , Farhat Sepideh , Scott Mark , Magpantay Larry , Halec Gordana , Shiboski Caroline H. , Ryder Mark I. ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo examine oral biomarkers that have been associated with periodontal disease progression in HIV‐infected adults in perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed but uninfected youth.Material and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, multicentre substudy of youth participating in the Oral Health Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort study. Gingival crevicular fluid repository samples from participants with and without periodontal disease (using Gingival Index [GI] and Bleeding on Probing [BOP] parameters on dental examination) were tested for concentration levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Associations were assessed using Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation.ResultsFor perinatal HIV youth (n = 129), the markers consistently elevated (p < .05) in sites with GI ≥2 and in sites with BOP were interleukin‐1β, 6 and 13, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α and metalloproteinase‐9. Serum tumour necrosis factor‐α and soluble CD14 were positively correlated with a summary count of elevated cytokines. No associations were seen among HIV‐uninfected subjects (n = 71).ConclusionsThe association of oral biomarkers of inflammation with clinical indicators of periodontal inflammation and systemic immune activation suggests that perinatal HIV‐infected youth may be at higher risk for developing significant periodontal disease, associated with tooth loss and HIV progression. More frequent dental care of this group is needed to prevent potential periodontal progression.
Clinicians' perceptions of rounding processes and effectiveness of clinical communication
Authors: Walton Victoria , Hogden Anne , Long Janet C. , Johnson Julie , Greenfield David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesWard rounds present opportunities for medical officers, nurses, allied health clinicians, and patients to interact and plan patient care. A recent literature review found eight types of rounding processes. Different purposes, varying levels of representation from clinical professions, and understanding of each others' roles revealed a complex activity. A shared understanding of rounding processes facilitates positive teamwork and improves patient care. We examined how clinicians perceive the nature of rounding processes they undertake within their practice, multidisciplinary team attendance at rounds, and the effectiveness of team communication.MethodsWe surveyed frontline professionals in two acute care and two rehabilitation wards from a metropolitan teaching hospital. There were 77 participants representing medical officers, nurses, and allied health clinicians. Participants selected the type of rounding processes undertaken on their ward from a list of six defined types, then answered questions about who participated in the rounds and their perceptions of the effectiveness of multidisciplinary communication. Survey findings were analysed using descriptive statistics and comparison.ResultsOverall, professionals were inconsistent in the identification of number and types of rounds. Participants nominated processes more consistently within individual clinical disciplines than by clinical speciality. Medical officers identified rounds most consistently, while some nurses were unable to identify any rounding processes undertaken. The perceptions clinicians had of their own attendance at rounds differed from that of their colleagues. Despite variation in perceptions about rounds, professionals reported effective multidisciplinary communication patterns overall.ConclusionRounds are a common yet complex activity. Rounds are revealed to be a taken‐for‐granted organizational activity with diversity in function, attendance, and participation, yet rounding processes are perceived and experienced differently between health professions. These differences impact on multidisciplinary attendance at rounds amongst peers. Making and communicating explicit round expectations and roles for clinicians supports coordinated teamwork and care planning.
Drying characteristics and modeling of apple slices during microwave intermittent drying
Authors: Dai Jian‐Wu , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Zhang Li‐Hua , Chu Meng‐Ying , Qin Wen , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Han Dan‐Dan , Li Ying‐Lu , Liu Yao‐Wen , Yin Peng‐Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrying characteristics and quality of apple slices were studied using microwave intermittent drying at different microwave power density (2.2, 3.5, 4.8, and 6.1 W/g), sample thickness (3, 5, 7, and 9 mm) and heating time in each cycle (4, 5, 6, and 7 s). Results showed that the approximate constant rate drying periods and falling rate drying periods were found in all the curves. The drying time decreased with increasing microwave power density and heating time in each cycle, while increased significantly with the growth of sample thickness. Weibull distribution model could fit the drying curves well in all conditions (R2 > 0.99) with the scale parameter values changed from 45.88 to 206.08 min and the shape parameters values varied from 1.514 to 1.69. The moisture effective diffusivity calculated by Weibull model ranged from 0.3217 × 10−9 to 1.435 × 10−9 m2·s−1. The flavor, texture and overall acceptability values displayed a decreasing tendency with the increase of microwave power density, while increased with the growth of thickness. And the shrinkage rates of apple slices showed a decline tendency with the increase of above parameters.Practical applicationsApple is a kind of popular and important fruits with high nutrient content, and it has been widely planted in China. Due to its high moisture content, fresh apples will subject to various deteriorative reactions during storage and thus lead to serious post‐harvest losses. Microwave drying technology has been widely used in dehydration of agricultural products in China because of the significant heating efficiency. However, the continuous microwave heating may easily cause the overheating of raw materials and undesirable changes in quality. Microwave intermittent drying (MID) was proposed on the basis of conventional microwave drying and regarded as an efficient processing method by solving the above issues. Currently this technology has been successfully applied to ginkgo fruits, yam and banana slices. Analyzing the effects of drying parameters on MID kinetics and quality of apple slices will have important significance for optimizing the processing efficiency and consumer acceptability of dried products.
Diet Quality Is Associated With Mortality in Adults Aged 80 Years and Older: A Prospective Study
Authors: Liu Yi‐Hsuan , Gao Xiang , Mitchell Diane C. , Wood G. Craig , Still Christopher D. , Jensen Gordon L. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESDiet quality has been associated with health outcomes and quality of life. However, the association between diet quality and mortality in older people, those aged 80 years and older, is understudied. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to examine whether better diet quality, assessed by a validated dietary screening tool (DST), was associated with lower mortality in those aged 80 years and older.METHODSOur study included 1990 participants (812 men and 1178 women), with a mean age of 84.1 years at baseline (ranging from 80 to 102 years old), from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study longitudinal cohort in Pennsylvania. Baseline descriptive information was obtained in 2009, and the DST was administered via mailed survey. The DST is composed of 25 food‐ and behavior‐specific questions associated with dietary intake that generate a diet quality score ranging from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). Death was identified using electronic medical record and the Social Security Death Index data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across three diet quality categories were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTSOver 8 years of follow‐up (October 2009‐February 2018), 931 deaths were documented. Higher diet quality was associated with lower mortality risk (P‐trend = .04). Participants with high diet quality (defined as DST scores >75) had significantly lower risk of mortality compared with those with low diet quality (defined as DST scores <60) after adjusting for potential risk factors (adjusted HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.59‐0.97).CONCLUSIONDiet quality, assessed by DST, is significantly associated with risk of mortality in older adults aged 80 years and older in our prospective cohort. Our results indicate that nutrition may have an important role in healthy aging, and more studies are needed to develop appropriate dietary recommendations for older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2180–2185, 2019
Actors against Ableism? Qualities of Nondisabled Allies from the Perspective of People with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Ostrove Joan M. , Kornfeld Madeleine , Ibrahim Marium 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report the results of an interview‐based study of the qualities that people with physical and sensory disabilities use to describe effective nondisabled allies. Participants (n = 16) were asked to describe a nondisabled person in their life who understood and cared about the concerns of people with disabilities. A thematic analysis of their responses suggested that they appreciated nondisabled people who offered appropriate help, were trustworthy in their understanding of disability identity, made personal connections, advocated and acted against ableism, were willing to learn, and communicated effectively. Consistent with research about White allies to people of color, participants emphasized both political and social dimensions of being an ally.
Fiscal rules in a monetary economy: Implications for growth and welfare
Authors: Ono Tetsuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study considers two fiscal rules, a debt rule that controls the debt‐to‐gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, and an expenditure rule that controls the expenditure‐to‐GDP ratio, in a monetary growth model with financial intermediation. Tightening of fiscal rules promotes economic growth and thus, benefits future generations. However, there could be two equilibria of the nominal interest rates, and the welfare effects of the rules on the current generation are different between the two equilibria. In particular, the effects of a decreased debt‐to‐GDP ratio depend on its initial ratio; a high (low)‐ratio country has no incentive (an incentive) to reduce the ratio further from the viewpoint of the current generation's welfare. This result provides an explanation for difficulties with fiscal reform in countries with already high debt‐to‐GDP ratios.