bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Insights into the Regulatable Interfacial Property and Flow Behavior of Confined Ionic Liquids in Graphene Nanochannels
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Wang Chenlu , Zhang Yaqin , Huo Feng , He Hongyan , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe understanding of confined structure and flow property of ionic liquid (IL) in a nanochannel are essential for the efficient application of ILs in the green chemical processes. In this work, the ionic structure and various flow behaviors of ILs inside graphene nanochannels via molecular dynamics simulations are shown. The effect of the nanochannel structure on confined flow is explored, showing that the width mainly heightens the viscosity while the oxidation degree primarily enhances the interfacial friction coefficient. Tuning the width and oxidation degree of nanochannel, three different flow behaviors including Poiseuille, partial plunger and full plunger flow can be achieved, where the second one does not occur in water or other organic solvents. To describe the special flow behavior, an effective influence extent of the nanochannel (w
EIE) is defined, whose value can distinguish the above flows effectively. Based on w
EIE, the phase diagrams of flow behavior for the nanochannel structure and pressure gradient are obtained, showing that the critical pressure gradient decreases with width and increases with the oxidation degree. Based on the quantitative relations between confined structures, viscosity, friction coefficient, flow behavior, and nanochannel structure, the intrinsic mechanism of regulating the flow behavior and rational design of nanochannel are finally discussed.
Periarticular Mesenchymal Progenitors Initiate and Contribute to Secondary Ossification Center Formation During Mouse Long Bone Development
Authors: Tong Wei , Tower Robert J. , Chen Chider , Wang Luqiang , Zhong Leilei , Wei Yulong , Sun Hao , Cao Gaoyuan , Jia Haoruo , Pacifici Maurizio , Koyama Eiki , Enomoto-Iwamoto Motomi , Qin Ling 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Long bone development involves the embryonic formation of a primary ossification center (POC) in the incipient diaphysis followed by postnatal development of a secondary ossification center (SOC) at each epiphysis. Studies have elucidated major basic mechanisms of POC development, but relatively little is known about SOC development. To gain insights into SOC formation, we used Col2-Cre Rosa-tdTomato (Col2/Tomato) reporter mice and found that their periarticular region contained numerous Tomato-positive lineage cells expressing much higher Tomato fluorescence (termed TomatoH) than underlying epiphyseal chondrocytes (termed TomatoL). With time, the TomatoH cells became evident at the SOC invagination site and cartilage canal, increased in number in the expanding SOC, and were present as mesenchymal lineage cells in the subchondral bone. These data were verified in two mouse lineage tracing models, Col2-CreER Rosa-tdTomato and Gli1-CreER Rosa-tdTomato. In vitro tests showed that the periarticular TomatoH cells from Col2/Tomato mice contained mesenchymal progenitors with multidifferentiation abilities. During canal initiation, the cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and migrated into epiphyseal cartilage ahead of individual or clusters of endothelial cells, suggesting a unique role in promoting vasculogenesis. Later during SOC expansion, chondrocytes in epiphyseal cartilage expressed VEGF, and angiogenic blood vessels preceded TomatoH cells. Gene expression analyses of microdissected samples revealed upregulation of MMPs in periarticular cells at the invagination site and suggested potential roles for novel kinase and growth factor signaling pathways in regulating SOC canal initiation. In summary, our data indicate that the periarticular region surrounding epiphyseal cartilage contains mesenchymal progenitors that initiate SOC development and form subchondral bone. Stem Cells 2019;37:677–689
An observational cohort study to produce and evaluate an improved tool to screen older women with back pain for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (Vfrac): study protocol
Authors: Khera T. K. , Burston A. , Davis S. , Drew S. , Gooberman-Hill R. , Paskins Z. , Peters T. J. , Tobias J. H. , Clark E. M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Summary
The aim of this study is to produce an easy to use checklist for general practitioners to complete whenever a woman aged over 65 years with back pain seeks healthcare. This checklist will produce a binary output to determine if the patient should have a radiograph to diagnose vertebral fracture.

Purpose
People with osteoporotic vertebral fractures are important to be identified as they are at relatively high risk of further fractures. Despite this, less than a third of people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures come to clinical attention due to various reasons including lack of clear triggers to identify who should have diagnostic spinal radiographs. This study aims to produce and evaluate a novel screening tool (Vfrac) for use in older women presenting with back pain in primary care based on clinical triggers and predictors identified previously. This tool will generate a binary output to determine if a radiograph is required.

Methods
The Vfrac study is a two-site, pragmatic, observational cohort study recruiting 1633 women aged over 65 years with self-reported back pain. Participants will be recruited from primary care in two sites. The Vfrac study will use data from two self-completed questionnaires, a simple physical examination, a lateral thoracic and lateral lumbar radiograph and information contained in medical records.

Results
The primary objective is to develop an easy-to-use clinical screening tool for identifying older women who are likely to have vertebral fractures.

Conclusions
This article describes the protocol of the Vfrac study; ISRCTN16550671.
BEING LOW ALONG A SEQUENCE AND ELSEWHERE
Authors: MERKLE WOLFGANG , YU LIANG 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLet an oracle be called low for prefix-free complexity on a set in case access to the oracle improves the prefix-free complexities of the members of the set at most by an additive constant. Let an oracle be called weakly low for prefix-free complexity on a set in case the oracle is low for prefix-free complexity on an infinite subset of the given set. Furthermore, let an oracle be called low and weakly for prefix-free complexity along a sequence in case the oracle is low and weakly low, respectively, for prefix-free complexity on the set of initial segments of the sequence. Our two main results are the following characterizations. An oracle is low for prefix-free complexity if and only if it is low for prefix-free complexity along some sequences if and only if it is low for prefix-free complexity along all sequences. An oracle is weakly low for prefix-free complexity if and only if it is weakly low for prefix-free complexity along some sequence if and only if it is weakly low for prefix-free complexity along almost all sequences. As a tool for proving these results, we show that prefix-free complexity differs from its expected value with respect to an oracle chosen uniformly at random at most by an additive constant, and that similar results hold for related notions such as a priori probability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that on every infinite set almost all oracles are weakly low but are not low for prefix-free complexity, while by Shoenfield absoluteness there is an infinite set on which uncountably many oracles are low for prefix-free complexity. Finally, we obtain no-gap results, introduce weakly low reducibility, or WLK-reducibility for short, and show that all its degrees except the greatest one are countable.
The study on the early warning period of varicella outbreaks based on logistic differential equation model
Authors: Pang Feng-Rui , Luo Qing-Hong , Hong Xiu-Qin , Wu Bin , Zhou Jun-Hua , Zha Wen-Ting , Lv Yuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChickenpox is a common acute and highly contagious disease in childhood; moreover, there is currently no targeted treatment. Carrying out an early warning on chickenpox plays an important role in taking targeted measures in advance as well as preventing the outbreak of the disease. In recent years, the infectious disease dynamic model has been widely used in the research of various infectious diseases. The logistic differential equation model can well demonstrate the epidemic characteristics of epidemic outbreaks, gives the point at which the early epidemic rate changes from slow to fast. Therefore, our study aims to use the logistic differential equation model to explore the epidemic characteristics and early-warning time of varicella. Meanwhile, the data of varicella cases were collected from first week of 2008 to 52nd week of 2017 in Changsha. Finally, our study found that the logistic model can be well fitted with varicella data, besides the model illustrated that there are two peaks of varicella at each year in Changsha City. One is the peak in summer–autumn corresponding to the 8th–38th week; the other is in winter–spring corresponding to the time from the 38th to the seventh week next year. The ‘epidemic acceleration week’ average value of summer–autumn and winter–spring are about the 16th week (ranging from the 15th to 17th week) and 45th week (ranging from the 44th to 47th week), respectively. What is more, taking warning measures during the acceleration week, the preventive effect will be delayed; thus, we recommend intervene during recommended warning weeks which are the 15th and 44th weeks instead.
Outbreak of hepatitis A genotype IB in Australia associated with imported frozen pomegranate arils
Authors: Franklin N. , Camphor H. , Wright R. , Stafford R. , Glasgow K. , Sheppeard V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocally acquired hepatitis A infection is re-emerging in Australia owing to person-to-person outbreaks among men who have sex with men and imported frozen produce. This paper describes a multi-state foodborne outbreak in the first half of 2018. Enhanced human epidemiological investigation including a case–control study, as well as microbial surveillance and trace-back investigations concluded that the outbreak was caused by consumption of imported frozen pomegranate arils. A total of 30 cases of hepatitis A infection, genotype IB with identical sequences met the outbreak case definition, including 27 primary cases and three secondary cases. Twenty-five (83%) of the cases were hospitalised for their illness and there was one death. Imported frozen pomegranate arils from Egypt were strongly implicated as the source of infection through case interviews (19 of 26 primary cases) as well as from a case–control study (adjusted odds ratio 43.4, 95% confidence interval 4.2–448.8, P = 0.002). Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was subsequently detected by polymerase chain reaction in two food samples of the frozen pomegranate aril product. This outbreak was detected and responded to promptly owing to routine genetic characterisation of HAVs from all hepatitis A infections in Australia as part of a national hepatitis A enhanced surveillance project. This is now the third outbreak of hepatitis A in Australia from imported frozen fruits. A re-assessment of the risk of these types of imported foods is strongly recommended.
Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Pasturelands and Rangelands: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Attribution
Authors: Dangal Shree R. S. , Tian Hanqin , Xu Rongting , Chang Jinfeng , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , Pan Shufen , Yang Jia , Zhang Bowen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe application of manure and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and livestock excreta deposition are the main drivers of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural systems. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N2O emissions due to different management practices (excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application) from grassland ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, we used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to simulate the spatiotemporal variation in global N2O emissions and their attribution to different sources from both intensively managed (pasturelands) and extensively managed (rangelands) grasslands during 1961–2014. Over the study period, pasturelands and rangelands experienced a significant increase in N2O emissions from 1.74 Tg N2O‐N in 1961 to 3.11 Tg N2O‐N in 2014 (p < 0.05). Globally, pasturelands and rangelands were responsible for 54% (2.2 Tg N2O‐N) of the total agricultural N2O emissions (4.1 Tg N2O‐N) in 2006. Natural and anthropogenic sources contributed 26% (0.64 Tg N2O‐N/year) and 74% (1.78 Tg N2O‐N/year) of the net emissions, respectively. Across different biomes, pasturelands (i.e., C3 and C4) were the single largest contributor to N2O fluxes, accounting for 86% of the net global emissions from grasslands. Among different sources, livestock excreta deposition contributed 54% of the net emissions, followed by manure N (13%) and mineral N (7%) application. Regionally, southern Asia contributed 38% of the total emissions, followed by Europe (29%) and North America (16%). Our modeling study demonstrates that livestock excreta deposition and manure/fertilizer application have dramatically altered the N cycle in pasturelands, with a substantial impact on the climate system.
The Role of Earth's Deep Volatile Cycling in the Generation of Intracontinental High‐Mg Andesites: Implication for Lithospheric Thinning Beneath the North China Craton
Authors: Geng Xianlei , Liu Yongsheng , Wang Xuan‐Ce , Hu Zhaochu , Zhou Lian , Gao Shan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA key role of water has been emphasized in the generation of Early Cretaceous high‐Mg andesites (HMAs) and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). However, the source of water and when it hydrated the NCC lithospheric mantle are still unclear. To address these issues, here we investigate the petrography, mineral chemistry, and the chemical and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic compositions of two suites of Early Cretaceous HMAs from Western Liaoning, China, combined with new Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic data of the Early Cretaceous primitive basalts from the same area. Petrographic features and variations of chemical and isotopic compositions suggest a petrogenesis of mixing between mantle‐derived mafic and crust‐derived felsic melts for these HMAs and most of other Early Cretaceous HMAs in the NCC. The mantle‐derived primary melts are indicated to have been derived from the refractory lithospheric mantle beneath the NCC. Fluid‐rich melt inclusions in olivines, absence of plagioclase phenocryst, enrichments of fluid‐indicative trace elements (e.g., Rb, Ba, K, Pb, and Sr), high water content in clinopyroxenes, and low Ca in olivines indicate high water contents in the magmas and their mantle sources. The EM1‐like Sr‐Nd and unradiogenic Pb isotopic compositions of these lavas unravel a Mantle Transition Zone source for the fluids that hydrated the NCC lithospheric mantle. The wet upwelling of the Mantle Transition Zone components would be triggered by the penetration of deep‐subducted Paleo‐Pacific slab. Our study provides key evidence for the transport of water from deep Earth into the cratonic lithosphere and its role in lithospheric thinning of cratons.
Evaluating a Coupled Phenology‐Surface Energy Balance Model to Understand Stream‐Subsurface Temperature Dynamics in a Mixed‐Use Farmland Catchment
Authors: Qiu Han , Blaen Phillip , Comer‐Warner Sophie , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan , Phanikumar Mantha S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStream temperature is a key variable that controls both physical and biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems. Complex physical interactions between land surface and subsurface processes make accurate simulations of stream temperature dynamics at catchment scales a challenging task. In this study we propose an integrated, catchment‐scale framework to model stream, soil, streambed, and groundwater temperatures under the influence of hydrologic and vegetation dynamics in a mixed land use catchment in central England. The phenology and surface energy modules in the coupled model were used to quantify the impacts of vegetation processes on radiation fluxes (e.g., canopy shading and the effect of vegetation growth on optical parameters). The model enabled accurate simulations of the movement and partitioning of water and thermal fluxes in different hydrologic domains with R2 values of observed and simulated temperatures in the range 0.60–0.87. Simulated groundwater heads and stream stages allowed the identification of gaining and losing portions of stream reaches and the estimation of Darcy fluxes. Simulation results show significantly dampened diel streambed temperature fluctuations below 0.3 m in gaining reaches, while in losing reaches the diel fluctuations showed relatively strong fluctuations below 0.3 m. The model enabled evaluation of the relative contributions of different processes to the stream thermal budget. Results indicate that net radiation was the dominant heat source, while latent heat flux was the primary heat sink. The model provides a useful tool to explicitly simulate water and heat fluxes as well as temperature‐dependent reaction rates in biogeochemical analyses.
CK2 inhibition with silmitasertib promotes methuosis-like cell death associated to catastrophic massive vacuolization of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Silva-Pavez Eduardo , Villar Paulina , Trigo César , Caamaño Esteban , Niechi Ignacio , Pérez Pablo , Muñoz Juan P. , Aguayo Francisco , Burzio Verónica A. , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Castro Ariel F. , Colombo María I. , Tapia Julio C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved and constitutively active Ser/Thr-kinase that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, resulting in increased cell proliferation and survival. A known target of CK2 is Akt, a player in the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, which is aberrantly activated in 32% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. On the other hand, mTORC1 plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis, cell growth, and autophagy. Some studies suggest that CK2 regulates mTORC1 in several cancers. The most recently developed CK2 inhibitor, silmitasertib (formerly CX-4945), has been tested in phase I/II trials for cholangiocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. This drug has been shown to induce autophagy and enhance apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and to promote apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Nevertheless, it has not been tested in studies for CRC patients. We show in this work that inhibition of CK2 with silmitasertib decreases in vitro tumorigenesis of CRC cells in response to G2/M arrest, which correlates with mTORC1 inhibition and formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Notably, molecular markers indicate that these vacuoles derive from massive macropinocytosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that an aberrantly elevated expression/activity of CK2 may play a key role in CRC, promoting cell viability and proliferation in untreated cells, however, its inhibition with silmitasertib promotes methuosis-like cell death associated to massive catastrophic vacuolization, accounting for decreased tumorigenicity at later times. These characteristics of silmitasertib support a potential therapeutic use in CRC patients and probably other CK2-dependent cancers.
SETD3 is a positive regulator of DNA-damage-induced apoptosis
Authors: Abaev-Schneiderman Elina , Admoni-Elisha Lee , Levy Dan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSETD3 is a member of the protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMT) family, which catalyzes the addition of methyl group to lysine residues. However, the protein network and the signaling pathways in which SETD3 is involved remain largely unexplored. In the current study, we show that SETD3 is a positive regulator of DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Our data indicate that depletion of SETD3 from HCT-116 cells results in a significant inhibition of apoptosis after doxorubicin treatment. Our results imply that the positive regulation is sustained by methylation, though the substrate remains unknown. We present a functional cross-talk between SETD3 and the tumor suppressor p53. SETD3 binds p53 in cells in response to doxorubicin treatment and positively regulates p53 target genes activation under these conditions. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that the presence of SETD3 and its catalytic activity is required for the recruitment of p53 to its target genes. Finally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, of two-independent cohorts of colon cancer patients, revealed that low expression of SETD3 is a reliable predictor of poor survival in these patients, which correlates with our findings. Together, our data uncover a new role of the PKMT SETD3 in the regulation of p53-dependent activation of apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
Neuropilin-1-mediated pruning of corticospinal tract fibers is required for motor recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Nakanishi Toru , Fujita Yuki , Yamashita Toshihide 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFollowing incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), reorganization of the corticospinal tract (CST) contributes to spontaneous motor recovery. Axotomized CST fibers form collaterals and make synapses with interneurons, followed by pruning of excess fibers. Although axonal pruning is involved in refinement of neural circuits, its molecular mechanisms and functional roles remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we performed dorsal hemisections of mouse thoracic spinal cord. We observed that Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) mRNA was upregulated in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex 14 days after SCI, when the pruning occurred. Nrp1 knockdown using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding Nrp1 shRNA in the hindlimb motor area impaired the pruning of collaterals after SCI. Nrp1 knockout by injecting AAV vector encoding Cre recombinase into Nrp1 floxed mice also suppressed axonal pruning. Propriospinal neurons, interneurons that connect CST and motoneurons, expressed Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), the ligand of Nrp1. Furthermore, the genetic deletion of Nrp1 specifically in the hindlimb motor area suppressed the recovery of skilled movement at 21 and 28 days after SCI. The present findings demonstrate that the pruning of collaterals mediated by Nrp1 is required for motor recovery after SCI, and suggest that refinement of the neuronal network facilitates motor recovery.