bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimalist Adjuvant‐Free Nano‐Vaccine Based on Antigen Self‐Assembled Amyloid‐Like Fibrils to Induce Potent Immune Response
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xia Haiyang , Li Tiantian , Zuo Qinhua , Wang Zhen , Yan Kangjian , Xu Zejun , Xue Wei , Sun Guodong , Liu Zonghua , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of cancer vaccines is at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Most existing strategies to induce an efficient anti‐tumor immune response rely on molecular adjuvants and the incorporation of complex synthetic vectors into vaccine formulations. In contrast, this study introduces a one‐step engineering technique to assemble the model antigen, Ovalbumin (OVA), into amyloid aggregates, leveraging biomimetic folding and aggregation to create non‐fibrillar OVA globular aggregates and OVA amyloid‐like fibrils as single‐component, adjuvant‐free vaccines. Notably, the OVA amyloid‐like fibrils induced stronger immune responses compared to the native form, as evidenced by robust humoral immune reactions and the establishment of immune memory. These enhanced responses can be attributed to the self‐adjuvant effect of the unique assembled structure, which preserves antigenic epitopes, improves antigen stability, facilitates antigen internalization, prolongs retention at the injection site, enhances antigen trafficking to the lymphoid organs, and promotes increased secretion of antibodies and cytokines. Furthermore, the efficacy of the vaccine was validated in a high OVA‐expressing tumor model, demonstrating the potential of OVA amyloid‐like fibrils as an effective vaccine for cancer immunoprevention. This minimalist self‐adjuvant vaccine strategy holds promising implications for cancer immunotherapy and can inform the design of other protein antigen‐based vaccines.
Leveraging Organ‐on‐Chip Models to Investigate Host–Microbiota Dynamics and Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kaden Tim , Alonso‐Román Raquel , Stallhofer Johannes , Gresnigt Mark S. , Hube Bernhard , Mosig Alexander S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic gastrointestinal disease with drastically increasing incidence rates. Due to its multifactorial etiology, a precise investigation of the pathogenesis is extremely difficult. Although reductionist cell culture models and more complex disease models in animals have clarified the understanding of individual disease mechanisms and contributing factors of IBD in the past, it remains challenging to bridge research and clinical practice. Conventional 2D cell culture models cannot replicate complex host–microbiota interactions and stable long‐term microbial culture. Further, extrapolating data from animal models to patients remains challenging due to genetic and environmental diversity leading to differences in immune responses. Human intestine organ‐on‐chip (OoC) models have emerged as an alternative in vitro model approach to investigate IBD. OoC models not only recapitulate the human intestinal microenvironment more accurately than 2D cultures yet may also be advantageous for the identification of important disease‐driving factors and pharmacological interventions targets due to the possibility of emulating different complexities. The predispositions and biological hallmarks of IBD focusing on host–microbiota interactions at the intestinal mucosal barrier are elucidated here. Additionally, the potential of OoCs to explore microbiota‐related therapies and personalized medicine for IBD treatment is discussed.
Dopaminergic Axon Tracts Within a Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Encasement to Restore the Nigrostriatal Pathway
Authors: Gordián‐Vélez Wisberty J. , Browne Kevin D. , Galarraga Jonathan H. , Chouhan Dimple , Duda John E. , España Rodrigo A. , Chen H. Isaac , Burdick Jason A. , Cullen D. Kacy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease is characterized by motor deficits emerging from insufficient dopamine in the striatum after degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and their long‐projecting axons comprising the nigrostriatal pathway. To address this, a tissue‐engineered nigrostriatal pathway (TE‐NSP) featuring a tubular hydrogel with a collagen/laminin core that encases aggregated dopaminergic neurons and their axonal tracts is developed. This engineered microtissue can be implanted to replace neurons and axons with fidelity to the lost pathway and thus may provide dopamine according to feedback from host circuitry. While TE‐NSPs have traditionally been fabricated with agarose, here a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is utilized to have a more bioactive encasement while expanding control over physical and biochemical properties. Using rat ventral midbrain neurons, it is found that TE‐NSPs exhibited improved neurite growth with HA relative to agarose, with no differences in electrically‐evoked dopamine release. When transplanted, HA hydrogels reduced average host neuron loss and inflammation around the implant compared to agarose, and TE‐NSP neurons and axonal tracts survived for at least 2 weeks to structurally emulate the lost pathway. This study represents an innovative use of HA hydrogels for neuroregenerative medicine and enables future studies expanding the control and functionality of TE‐NSPs.
Self‐Reporting Multiple Microscopic Stresses Through Tunable Microcapsule Arrays
Authors: Hu Minghan , Ma Zhongqi , Kim Minsoo , Kim Donghoon , Ye Suiying , Pané Salvador , Bao Yinyin , Style Robert W. , Isa Lucio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf‐reporting materials have emerged as a promising tool for real‐time monitoring of stress and damage in structural materials. When critical stress is applied to these materials, an optical response is triggered – for example by dye release, or molecular cleavage. A key challenge is to extend these systems to respond to multiple different stress levels. To achieve this, a novel microcapsule‐based assembly strategy is presented. Microfluidic synthesis is used to create microcapsules that release dye at a precise level of applied force. Subsequently, capillary assembly is used to combine microcapsules with different stress‐responsiveness and different fluorescent dyes into chains, which are uniformly patterned into regular arrays, and embed these into the self‐reporting materials. Through indentation experiments, it is shown that these materials can distinguish and record spatially resolved local stresses based on the fluorescence emitted upon microcapsule rupture. Crucially, the technique's accuracy is significantly improved when microcapsules are spatially organized within the material. This versatile technique can be applied to a range of different materials, via the use of thin coatings containing the regularly patterned microcapsule chains.
Dragonfly‐Inspired Compound Eye Lens with Biomimetic Structural Design
Authors: Takemura Kenshin , Motomura Taisei , Iwasaki Wataru , Morita Nobutomo , Kikunaga Kazuya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCompound eye biomimetics are extensively studied owing to their high level of functionality. However, optimizing material‐dependent parameters, such as refractive index, is essential for maximizing lens function. Therefore, metal films are deposited on Pantala flavescens compound eyes using a magnetic mirror magnetron cathode, which deposits films at low temperatures without plasma impingement. By increasing the thickness of the film on the compound eye surface, a compound eye mold is successfully fabricated with high heat tolerance. Lens fabrication is achieved using a high‐temperature‐curable resin. The resulting lens comprises numerous uniformly shaped functional units. This method offers a highly reproducible lens‐pouring molding technique using various materials, marking a significant advancement in developing imaging devices and sensors that accurately replicate the functionalities of dragonfly eyes.
Molecular Lineages and Spatial Distributions of Subplate Neurons in the Human Fetal Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Guo Xueyu , Lee Trevor , Sun Jason , Sun Julianne , Cai Wenjie , Yang Qingwei , Sun Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe expansion of neural progenitors and production of distinct neurons are crucial for architectural assembly and formation of connectivity in human brains. Subplate neurons (SPNs) are among the firstborn neurons in the human fetal cerebral cortex, and play a critical role in establishing intra‐ and extracortical connections. However, little is known about SPN origin and developmental lineages. In this study, spatial landscapes and molecular trajectories of SPNs in the human fetal cortices from gestational weeks (GW) 10 to 25 are created by performing spatial transcriptomics and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Genes known to be evolutionarily human‐specific and genes associated with extracellular matrices (ECMs) are found to maintain stable proportions of subplate neurons among other neuronal types. Enriched ECM gene expression in SPNs varies in distinct cortical regions, with the highest level in the frontal lobe of human fetal brains. This study reveals molecular origin and lineage specification of subplate neurons in the human fetal cerebral cortices, and highlights underpinnings of SPNs to cortical neurogenesis and early structural folding.
Machine Learning Enabled High‐Throughput Screening of 2D Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors for Flexible Resistive Materials
Authors: Chen Chi , Wang Hao , Wan Houzhao , Sun Dan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 2D ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have attracted great attentions for the next generation of electronics and optoelectronics, owing to their superiority on material flexibility, device stability, and power consumption. However, few 2D UWBG semiconductors have been discovered, impeding their prosperous developments and widespread applications. Here, a high‐throughput workflow is constructed to screen 2D UWBG semiconductors assisted by machine learning, and 507 potential candidates are obtained. Moreover, by learning, predicting, and screening Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, 31 flexible 2D UWBG semiconductors are identified. Then the generation and the diffusion of anion vacancies, as well as the corresponding electronic properties are investigated by using the first‐principles calculations, and 3 of them are demonstrated as the most promising candidates for the flexible resistive materials. The facile interface tunneling and the increased material conductance caused by the anion vacancies will contribute to the transition from high resistive state to low resistive state. This work provides an efficient high‐throughput screening protocol to enrich the family of 2D UWBG semiconductors and is expected to foster their practical applications.
Scalable Fabrication of Neuromorphic Devices Using Inkjet Printing for the Deposition of Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductor
Authors: Gärisch Fabian , Schröder Vincent , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Ligorio Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have highlighted the critical need for energy‐efficient hardware solutions, especially in edge‐computing applications. However, traditional AI approaches are plagued by significant power consumption. In response, researchers have turned to biomimetic strategies, drawing inspiration from the ion‐mediated operating principle of biological synapses, to develop organic neuromorphic devices as promising alternatives. Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) materials have emerged as particularly noteworthy in this field, due to their potential for enhancing neuromorphic computing capabilities. Together with device performance, it is crucial to select devices that allow fabrication via scalable techniques. This study investigates the fabrication of OMIEC‐based neuromorphic devices using inkjet printing, providing a scalable and material‐efficient approach. Employing a commercially available polymer mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (BTEM‐PPV) and a lithium salt, inkjet‐printed devices exhibit performance comparable to those fabricated via traditional spin‐coating methods. These two‐terminal neuromorphic devices demonstrate functionality analogous to literature‐known devices and demonstrate promising frequency‐dependent short‐term plasticity. Furthermore, comparative studies with previous light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and neuromorphic OMIEC devices validate the efficacy of inkjet printing as a potential fabrication technique. The findings suggest that inkjet printing is suitable for large‐scale production, offering reproducible and stable fabrication processes. By adopting the OMIEC material system, inkjet printing holds the potential for further enhancing device performance and functionality. Overall, this study underscores the viability of inkjet printing as a scalable fabrication method for OMIEC‐based neuromorphic devices, paving the way for advancements in AI hardware.
Ru(II)‐catalyzed ortho C−H Arylation of Heterocyclic Biaryls
Authors: Pinheiro Erick M. C. , Couto Daniel P. , Oliveira Caio C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRu(II)‐Pheox complexes are known catalysts for carbene insertion reactions. Herein we teach them a new trick: how to perform ortho C−H arylation processes! Our operationally simple protocol tolerates structurally diverse directing groups and both aryl iodides and diaryliodonium salts as transfer groups.
Biosynthesis of (−)‐Vinigrol
Authors: Xu Run , Zou Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract(−)‐Vinigrol is one of the most complex and challenging molecules in total synthesis; however, the parallel biosynthetic strategy employed by nature for the synthesis of this compound has not yet been identified. In this study, we identified a minimal gene cluster encoding a diterpene cyclase (VniA) and a cytochrome P450 (VniB) which enables the synthesis of (−)‐vinigrol through three steps. VniA first cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate to generate an unusual vinigrol‐type diterpene skeleton, and then VniB catalyzes the allylic C(sp3)−H iterative oxidation. Further genome mining investigation provides new fungal sources for this rare and valuable vinigrol‐type diterpene skeleton.
High‐Potential and Stable Organic Cathode for Rechargeable Batteries with Fast‐Charging and Wide‐Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Wang Haotian , Liu Gaopan , Zhou Wen , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic carbonyl compounds have been recognized as promising electrodes due to multiple active sites, abundant element resources and flexible structural designability, while their practical applications are still hindered by the easy solubility and low discharge potential. Herein, a novel bipolar polymer composite (TAC) was well‐designed by grafting p‐type triphenylamine units onto n‐type anthraquinone to form an extended π‐conjugated structure and in situ growing on carbon nanotubes, which was proved not only with higher discharge potential but also effectively suppress the dissolution issues. Moreover, TAC combined the advantages of different active sites and behaved a dual‐ion storage mechanism. Benefitting from the in situ polymerization process, TAC with tube‐type core–shell structure exhibited enhanced electron transport and improved utilization of active sites, resulting in high capacity (193 mAh g−1), outstanding rate performance (fast charging within 17 s), long‐term stability (a high capacity retention of 87 % after 1000 cycles) and high mass loading (10 mg cm−2). Additionally, TAC can well adapt to the temperature change, outputting a capacity of 72 mAh g−1 at −60 °C and 165 mAh g−1 at 80 °C. Such versatile polymer structure inspires the design of high performance organic materials for rechargeable batteries to satisfy high stability and wide temperature operations.
Diacylated 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 as an Alternative Template for Fluorescent Sensors of Calcium Ions
Authors: Smith Oscar G. , Anene Jennifer C. , Wheeler Simon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe performance of many known fluorescent sensors for Ca2+ is pH‐dependent. We set out to address this by preparing a novel calcium sensor based on diacylated 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 and containing no basic centres. The sensor is sensitive to sub‐millimolar levels of Ca2+ and partially tolerant of an aqueous environment. However, it suffers from a lack of selectivity over some other divalent cations, and retained pH sensitivity in the acidic range. The relations between these properties and the sensor's structure are discussed.
Conceptual models of the sociotechnical: Introduction to special issue
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Organisciak Peter , Thomer Andrea , Weber Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis special issue of the “Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology” examines conceptual models as products of, and tools for, critical inquiry in Information Science (IS). The papers included in this issue present diverse perspectives on how conceptual models impact sociotechnical systems, spanning topics such as knowledge organization, representation, and information system design. Key themes include the intersection of model development with ethical considerations, the historical and future implications of conceptual modeling decisions, and the potential for conceptual models to address issues of power, representation, and justice in emerging technologies. This introduction situates the contributions within broader discussions of conceptual modeling in IS and highlights the field's unique approach to reflexive critique and sociotechnical analysis.
Developing a circular economy framework for e‐commerce packaging materials: A study on behavioural intentions of online consumers
Authors: Ram Nitin , Ahmad Parvez , Toth‐Peter Agnes , de Torres de Oliveira Rui , Acharyulu GVRK 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe exponential growth of e‐commerce brings the need for sustainable business models to address the negative environmental impacts of packaging. This study used a bibliometric analysis, the theory of planned behaviour and stakeholder theory to explore the behavioural intentions of consumers in adopting a circular economy model for e‐commerce packaging materials. Surveying 362 respondents in the Indian market, our findings revealed e‐commerce users were likely to participate in a closed‐loop system, with environmental concern and attitude emerging as pivotal factors. The study's novelty lies in examining consumers' willingness to engage in circular economy practices, using an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour. We propose leveraging existing reverse logistics networks for e‐commerce packaging that incorporate circular economy principles for packaging sustainability. The study contributes to the theory by emphasising the primacy of environmental concerns over financial incentives in motivating consumer participation in the emerging economies context. We advance the prioritisation of environmental considerations by e‐commerce consumers, which necessitates a focus on education and knowledge development on the circular economy. Building upon our findings from the Indian market context, we propose key recommendations for practice and policy, which could be applicable to other emerging markets and contribute to their CE adoption.
An Integrated Nomogram Combining Deep Learning and Radiomics for Predicting Malignancy of Pulmonary Nodules Using CT‐Derived Nodules and Adipose Tissue: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Miao Shidi , Xuan Qifan , Xie Hanbing , Jiang Yuyang , Sun Mengzhuo , Huang Wenjuan , Li Jing , Qi Hongzhuo , Li Ao , Wang Qiujun , Liu Zengyao , Wang Ruitao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCorrectly distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules can avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. This study aimed to construct a deep learning radiomics clinical nomogram (DLRCN) for predicting malignancy of pulmonary nodules.MethodsOne thousand and ninety‐eight patients with 6–30 mm pulmonary nodules who received histopathologic diagnosis at 3 centers were included and divided into a primary cohort (PC), an internal test cohort (I‐T), and two external test cohorts (E‐T1, E‐T2). The DLRCN was built by integrating adipose tissue radiomics features, intranodular and perinodular deep learning features, and clinical characteristics for diagnosing malignancy of pulmonary nodules. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for feature selection. The performance of DLRCN was assessed with respect to its calibration curve, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, we compared it with three radiologists. The net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and subgroup analysis were also taken into account.ResultsThe incorporation of adipose tissue radiomics features led to significant NRI and IDI (NRI = 1.028, p < 0.05, IDI = 0.137, p < 0.05). In the I‐T, E‐T1, and E‐T2, the AUCs of DLRCN were 0.946 (95% CI: 0.936, 0.955), 0.948 (95% CI: 0.933, 0.963) and 0.962 (95% CI: 0.945, 0.979), The calibration curve revealed good predictive accuracy between the actual probability and predicted probability (p > 0.05). DCA showed that the DLRCN was clinically useful. Under equal specificity, the sensitivity of DLRCN increased by 8.6% compared to radiologist assessments. The subgroup analysis conducted on adipose tissue radiomics features further demonstrated their supplementary value in determining the malignancy of pulmonary nodules.ConclusionThe DLRCN demonstrated good performance in predicting the malignancy of pulmonary nodules, which was comparable to radiologist assessments. The adipose tissue radiomics features have notably enhanced the performance of DLRCN.
Walking and talking for well‐being: Exploring the effectiveness of walk and talk therapy
Authors: Prince‐Llewellyn Hannah , McCarthy Paul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the rising trend of integrating nature and movement into talking therapy, the extent of empirical support remains limited. This study explored the effects of a walk and talk intervention on adult mood and well‐being using a multiple baseline design with pre, post and follow‐up assessments. Five adults (3 males and 2 females) from a technology company took part in a walk and talk intervention lasting approximately 6–8 sessions. They completed self‐report measures at baseline, post‐intervention and follow‐up, with semi‐structured interviews conducted at follow‐up. Results showed a reduction in psychological distress and an increase in well‐being for all participants from baseline to follow‐up. Qualitative data from a thematic analysis supported these findings: participants found the natural, calming effect of the outdoors, combined with the movement of walking, facilitated a sense of freedom to express themselves and, in doing so, maximise the benefits of the therapeutic space. These included gaining a broader perspective, heightened self‐awareness and greater acceptance of oneself, others and life's challenges. This study offers real‐world evidence supporting walk and talk therapy as an effective intervention for adult well‐being and mood.