bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of an Expandable Polyvinyl Acetate (Merocel) Pack on the Healing of the Nasal Mucosa of Sheep
Authors: McIntosh David , Cowin Allison , Adams Damian , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: August 2018

Background There is a lack of knowledge about the healing of the nasal respiratory mucosa after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Nasal packs often are placed after ESS in an attempt to improve hemostasis and reduce adhesion formation. Most nasal packs need to be removed in the postoperative period. This is uncomfortable for the patient and the affect of these packs on the healing process is unknown. Methods We have standardized the sheep as a suitable animal model to examine the healing of the nasal epithelium after ESS. The nasal mucosa of sheep was wounded under endoscopic guidance and either packed with expandable polyvinyl acetate–based pack (Merocel), which was removed at the 5th postoperative day, or left unpacked to serve as control. Serial biopsies of the wounded area were taken every 28 days, up to 112 days postwounding, for examination using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results There was no significant difference in the rate of reepithelialization between the packed and control sides of the sheep (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total amount of surface cilia coverage between the packed and control sides at any time points (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the maturity of the cilia between the packed and control sides at any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion The use of Merocel packing postoperatively neither impairs nor promotes wound healing in the postoperative period.
A Prospective Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Study of use of Hyaluronic Acid Nasal Packs in Patients after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Wormald Peter John , Boustred R. Niell , Le Tong , Hawke Lianne , Sacks Raymond 
Published: August 2018

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any benefit or detrimental consequences of placing a hyaluronic acid pack (Merogel) into the middle meatus after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods A randomized controlled blinded study was performed in 42 patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing ESS. The patients were randomized to receive Merogel on one side and no packing on the other side. Patients were assessed at 2, 4, and 6–8 weeks after surgery and the presence of synechia, edema, and infection was noted with the observer blinded to the side that had received the Merogel. Results At 2 weeks the side packed with Merogel had 35% synechiae, 83% edema, and 30% mucopurulent discharge and on the control side the figures were similar with 22.5% synechiae, 83% edema, and 28% mucopurulent discharge. In both groups these figures improved over the observation period but percentages in the groups remained similar. At no time point was the difference between the packed and unpacked sides statistically significant for any of the measures when assessed with Fisher's exact test. Conclusion Merogel nasal packing has no significant beneficial or detrimental effect in terms of synechia, edema, or infection when placed in the middle meatus after ESS.
Clinical Evaluation and Symptoms of Chemosensory Impairment: One Thousand Consecutive Cases from the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Davidson Terence M. , Murphy Claire , Gilbert Paul E. , Chen Margaret 
Published: August 2018

Background The aim of this study was to measure olfactory impairment in patients with various etiologies using symptom ratings and psychophysical measures of olfactory function. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, population-based study at the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Medical Center. One thousand consecutive patients presented to the UCSD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic for evaluation of chemosensory dysfunction. Olfactory impairment was assessed by odor threshold and odor identification and symptom scores were assessed by self-report. Results The degree of olfactory impairment was driven by diagnostic category, age, and gender. Postviral disturbance was more prevalent in women and among elderly people. Elderly people and patients under 20 years of age showed the highest incidence of head trauma. Overall, older patients had poorer thresholds. Men showed higher prevalence of olfactory loss secondary to inflammation and toxin exposure. Patients with inflammation scored better than patients with other diagnoses (i.e., congenital, head trauma, postviral, toxin exposure, and miscellaneous causes). Patients with congenital etiologies and head trauma had the poorest scores. Symptom ratings were significantly different depending on diagnostic category, age, and gender. Patients with inflammation rated the majority of symptoms as most bothersome. Patients with postviral diagnoses were most likely to report parosmias. Patients with head trauma rated taste and smell loss as significantly more severe than other patients. Conclusion Evaluation of 1000 patients at the UCSD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego revealed differential olfactory impairment and differential symptom complaints based on diagnostic category, age, and gender.
A new Procedure for the Short Screening of Olfactory Function Using Five Items from the “Sniffin’ Sticks” Identification Test Kit
Authors: Mueller Christian , Renner Bertold 
Published: August 2018

Background The aim of this study was to create a new protocol based on the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test kit, which would be suitable for short screening of olfactory function. Methods One hundred forty-one subjects were included in the investigation. In a first session, 106 subjects were presented five odorants together with a list of 20 descriptors. Additional choices were “no odor” and “undefinable.” The established 16-item identification test was then performed to assess olfactory function. In another session, the new procedure was repeated on 21 subjects to check the test-retest reliability. The Brief Smell Identification Test was used together with the five-item test in an additional 35 subjects for additional validation. Results The correlation coefficients between the results of the new test and the established procedures were r106 = 0.61 and r35 = 0.77 (p < 0.01). The new test procedure revealed two groups of subjects (score of 0 and scores 4 or 5). These groups had no overlapping results in the established odor identification tests. Repeated measurements of the short test showed a correlation coefficient of r21 = 0.77 (p < 0.01). Conclusion The present data indicate the usefulness of the short screening test. Given a maximum of one error, the test is able to confirm the presence of normosmia or mild hyposmia. The kit can be carried in a pocket and the test takes only 3 minutes to perform.
Medical Management and Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Survey of Treatment Patterns by United States Otolaryngologists
Authors: Kaszuba Scott M. , Stewart Michael G. 
Published: August 2018

Background This study was performed to identify current patterns of diagnostic criteria and medical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by otolaryngologists in the United States. Methods A 15-item survey was mailed to a random sample of 200 members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery; statistical analysis was performed. Results The overall response rate was 40.0%. Of respondents, 73% defined CRS as lasting >12 weeks. Seventy-three percent also believed radiological imaging was necessary for definitive diagnosis, but only 30% believed nasal endoscopy was necessary. Regarding treatment, respondents reported use of oral antibiotics (94%) and nasal corticosteroids (94%) as part of maximum medical management; oral decongestants, oral mucoevacuants, and allergy testing were used only by about one-half of the respondents, and less frequently topical decongestants (38%), oral corticosteroids (36%), and oral antihistamines (27%) were used. Oral corticosteroids were more likely to be used by specialists that self-classified as rhinologists than by other otolaryngologists (p = 0.005), but rhinologists were less likely to use radiological imaging (p = 0.04) as a diagnostic criterion. Pediatric otolaryngologists used allergy testing in medical management more frequently than other otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). Overall, the basis for choice of maximal medical management was personal clinical experience (74%), rather than clinical research results or expert recommendations. Conclusion We had a fairly small sample of returned surveys; therefore, our findings may not be generalizable to the entire population of U.S. otolaryngologists. Nevertheless, in our survey, U.S. otolaryngologists agree on the use of oral antibiotics and nasal corticosteroids as part of maximal medical management for CRS but do not agree on other adjuvant therapies or on the use of endoscopy as a diagnostic criterion.
Nasal Air Temperature and Airflow during Respiration in Numerical Simulation Based on Multislice Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Lindemann Joerg , Keck Tilman , Wiesmiller Kerstin , Sander Bjoern , Brambs Hans-Juergen , Rettinger Gerhard , Pless Daniela 
Published: August 2018

Background Adequate nasal air-conditioning is of greatest importance. Because detailed processes of nasal air-conditioning still are not completely understood, numerical simulations of intranasal temperature distribution and airflow patterns during inspiration and expiration were performed. Methods A three-dimensional model of the human nose based on computed tomography scans was reconstructed. A computational fluid dynamics application was used displaying temperature and airflow during respiration based on time-dependent boundary conditions. Results Absolute air temperature and velocity values vary depending on detection site and time of detection. Areas of low velocities and turbulence show distinct changes in air temperature. The turbinate areas prove to be the main regions for heat exchange. The numerical results showed excellent comparability to our in vivo measurements. Conclusion Numerical simulation of temperature and airflow based on computational fluid dynamics is feasible providing entirely novel information and an insight into air-conditioning of the human nose.
Use of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Symptoms: Results of a Practitioner Survey
Authors: Pletcher Steven D. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Lee Jenny , Acquah Joseph 
Published: August 2018

Background The use of complementary medicine is increasingly popular in the United States. The use of acupuncture and its efficacy in treating chronic sinus and nasal symptoms is not well studied. Methods Regional licensed acupuncturists (1516) were mailed our acupuncture and chronic sinus and nasal symptoms survey. Results Three hundred thirty-one surveys (22%) were returned. Ninety-nine percent of those who returned surveys reported treating patients with chronic sinus and nasal symptoms. On a five-point scale the mean perceived efficacy for the overall treatment of chronic sinus and nasal symptoms was 4.2. The mean cost of an acupuncture treatment course for chronic sinus and nasal symptoms was calculated to be $730.00. Conclusion Complementary medicine practitioners frequently use acupuncture in the treatment of patients with chronic sinus and nasal symptoms. Although practitioners report good efficacy using acupuncture to treat such patients, quantitative data are certainly needed to substantiate these self-reports.
Interaction with an endothelial lumen increases neutrophil lifetime and motility in response to P aeruginosa
Authors: Hind Laurel E. , Ingram Patrick N. , Beebe David J. , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeutrophil infiltration into tissues is essential for host defense and pathogen clearance. Although many of the signaling pathways involved in the transendothelial migration of neutrophils are known, the role of the endothelium in regulating neutrophil behavior in response to infection within interstitial tissues remains unclear. Here we developed a microscale 3-dimensional (3D) model that incorporates an endothelial lumen, a 3D extracellular matrix, and an intact bacterial source to model the host microenvironment. Using this system, we show that an endothelial lumen significantly increased neutrophil migration toward a source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surprisingly, we found neutrophils, which were thought to be short-lived cells in vitro, migrate for up to 24 hours in 3D in the presence of an endothelial lumen and bacteria. In addition, we found that endothelial cells secrete inflammatory mediators induced by the presence of P aeruginosa, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a known promoter of neutrophil survival, and interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine. We found that pretreatment of neutrophils with a blocking antibody against the IL-6 receptor significantly reduced neutrophil migration to P aeruginosa but did not alter neutrophil lifetime, indicating that secreted IL-6 is an important signal between endothelial cells and neutrophils that mediates migration. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an important role for endothelial paracrine signaling in neutrophil migration and survival.
Conditioning intensity in secondary AML with prior myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disorders: an EBMT ALWP study
Authors: Sengsayadeth Salyka , Gatwood Katie S. , Boumendil Ariane , Labopin Myriam , Finke Jürgen , Ganser Arnold , Stelljes Matthias , Ehninger Gerhard , Beelen Dietrich , Niederwieser Dietger , Blaise Didier , Dreger Peter , Mufti Ghulam , Chevallier Patrice , Mailhol Audrey , Gilleece Maria H. , Gorin Norbert , Esteve Jordi , Ciceri Fabio , Baron Frederic , Schmid Christoph , Giebel Sebastian , Mohty Mohamad , Savani Bipin N. , Nagler Arnon 
Published: August 2018

Key Points
Allogeneic HCT can result in long-term survival for patients with sAML and prior MDS/MPN. Myeloablative conditioning regimens should be selected for sAML and patients with prior MDS/MPN whenever possible.
The frequency of joint hemorrhages and procedures in nonsevere hemophilia A vs B
Authors: Soucie J. Michael , Monahan Paul E. , Kulkarni Roshni , Konkle Barbara A. , Mazepa Marshall A. 
Published: August 2018

Key Points
Joint hemorrhages and orthopedic procedures are more frequent in patients with hemophilia A than in those with hemophilia B. FA levels of 20% may be required to prevent all joint hemorrhages.
Sub-Ångstrom electric field measurements on a universal detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope
Authors: Hachtel Jordan A. , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Chi Miaofang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractScanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) excels in accessing atomic-scale structure and chemistry. Enhancing our ability to directly image the functionalities of local features in materials has become one of the most important topics in the future development of STEM. Recently, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging has been utilized to map the internal electric and magnetic fields in materials from nanoscale features such as p–n junctions, skyrmions, and even from individual atoms. Here, we use an ultra-low noise SCMOS detector in as the diffraction plane camera to collect four-dimensional (4D) datasets. The high angular resolution, efficient high-SNR acquisition, and modifiability of the camera allow it to function as a universal detector, where STEM imaging configurations, such as DPC, bright field, annular bright field, and annular dark field can all be reconstructed from a single 4D dataset. By examining a distorted perovskite, DyScO3, which possesses projected lattice spacings as small as 0.83 Å, we demonstrate DPC spatial resolution almost reaching the information limit of a 100 keV electron beam. In addition, the perovskite has ordered O-coordinations with alternating octahedral tilts, which can be quantitatively measured with single degree accuracy by taking advantage of DPC’s sensitivity to light atoms. The results, acquired on a standard Ronchigram camera as opposed to a specialized DPC detector, open up new opportunities to understand and design functional materials and devices that involve lattice and charge coupling at nano- and atomic-scales.
Using Lamin B1 mRNA for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Abdelghany Amani M. , Rezk Nasser Sadek , Osman Mona Mostafa , Hamid Amira I. , Al-Breedy Ashraf Mohammad , Abdelsattar Hoda A. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is vital medical issue in Egypt. It accounts for 70.48% of all liver tumors among Egyptians. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic role of plasma levels of mRNA of lamin B1 by RT-qPCR as an early marker of HCC. Methods: This study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Department in collaboration with the Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases at Ain Shams University Hospitals. It included 30 patients with primary HCC and viral cirrhosis (all were hepatitis C virus-positive) (Group I), in addition to 10 patients with chronic liver diseases (Group II) and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects (Group III). Group I was further classified according to the Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) chemiluminescent-immunoassays and RT-qPCR analysis of plasma lamin B1 mRNA levels were performed for all participants. Results: AFP and lamin B1 significantly elevated in patients with HCC compared to those in the other studied groups. AFP and lamin B1 status could discriminate group I from group II and III. A significant increase was found among the three Barcelona stages with regards to AFP and lamin B1 levels. A significant decrease was found between group II and stage 0, A and B with regards to AFP and lamin B1. Lamin B1 and AFP could both differentiate HCC patients with one tumor nodule (T1) from those with two or more tumor nodules (T2&Tm), as well as between those with tumor sizes >3 cm and ≤3 cm. Conclusion: Measurement of lamin B1 mRNA is recommended in patients with chronic liver disease with normal serum AFP, especially in known cirrhotic patients that deteriorate rapidly without any apparent etiology.
Prepared for end-of-life care: a concept analysis
Authors: Griffith Sue 
Published: August 2018

Background: Recent international documents have highlighted the importance of preparing the nursing workforce for end of life care. However, these documents do not make clear what prepared in the context of end-of-life care actually means. Searching the literature failed to retrieve any papers defining prepared in this context. Aim: A concept analysis, using Walker and Avant's model, was conducted to help address this gap in the knowledge base. Results: From this analysis many attributes and antecedents were synthesised. These include that a prepared nurse would be confident to: assess the dying patient, communicate with empathy, identify and manage symptoms, recognise and deal with death and dying, understand the holistic elements of dying, be comfortable with the effects of loss and bereavement on patients and self, and be self-competent. Conclusions: From this analysis, a clearer idea of what is needed to prepare nurses for end-of-life care is offered and suggestions for future research are made.
Video-Based Instruction to Promote Employment-Related Social Behaviors for High School Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Gilson Carly B. , Carter Erik W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The disappointing employment outcomes of students with intellectual disability (ID) can often be exacerbated by the social-related challenges they experience. Within high school transition programs, interventions targeting employment-related social behaviors and inclusive practices should emphasize individualization, self-regulation, and generalization. We used a multiple-probe-across-participants, single-case experimental design to examine the effects of video-based instruction on the individualized employment-related social behaviors (ERSB) of 5 high school students with ID with severe levels of impairment. For all participants, the intervention increased ERSB, sustained task engagement in the school setting, and maintained over time. Students and educators considered the intervention beneficial and enjoyable. We offer implications for supporting social skills development within secondary schools to prepare students for future inclusive employment opportunities.
Talking to tremors: Somatics in dance, dialogics and silence
Authors: Fraleigh Sondra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Talking to tremors is a brief phenomenology – or study of experience. As an author in the field of phenomenology, I have wondered how its insights might be applied to individualized hands-on somatics practices. The following is the result. It draws upon work I did a few years ago with Alice in which she learns to talk to her tremors, making friends with them and moving past fears. She gave me permission to write about this, and is identified anonymously. I explain our work together through notes I took at the time, which I also discussed with Alice. In application of phenomenology, I contextualize our somatic process using Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogics as a recurring conceptual ground bass. In light of Bakhtin’s work, the present article explores dialogic, extralinguistic states of silence and utterance as stepping-stones towards healing – also employing the neuroscience of Antonio Damasio and Eugene Gendlin’s somatic focusing process – further delineating changes towards feeling better and becoming well. My background as a Feldenkrais and Shin Somatics practitioner aid this study, as also my studies and teaching of dance.
From expressions to ecstasy: Understanding the phenomenon of experiential interaction between the performer and audience in dance
Authors: Reddy J. Shashi Kiran , Pereira Contzen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The act of dance appears as a pattern of conscious movements in space and time, but a dancer who has the ability to go beyond the limits of space and time (experientially) can bring about a non-local experience of oneself and the audience making it an ecstatic communion. In this paper, we are interested in examining the extent of subjective experience of a dancer and his audience; hence, we take up a case study in first-person to understand the performer-audience interaction. For this purpose, we chose Indian contemporary dancer Astad Deboo, an artist who is known to create such a magical two-way interaction consigning his audience as well as himself to a state of being mesmerized. The art of creating a non-local experience seems to be his forte, where the audience can feel him within, while he feels his audience within. To explain this phenomenon, we propose the resonance of inner experiential states of the performer and audience as the underlying mechanism that creates a non-local interaction between them. To validate the present hypothesis, one must subject both the performer and observer to experimental studies, which involve simultaneous tracking and monitoring of the active zones in the brain associated with performing and performance viewing. In the above context, it would also be interesting to see if there exists a point of time during the performance event, where both these subjects report similar active zones in the brain.