bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Downregulation of microRNA‐367 promotes osteoblasts growth and proliferation of mice during fracture by activating the PANX3‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Jia Hong‐Lei , Zhou Dong‐Sheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA majority of people suffering from bone fractures fail to heal and develop a nonunion, which is a challenging orthopedic complication requiring complex and expensive treatment. Previous data showed the inhibition of some microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) can enhance fracture healing. The objective of the present study is to explore effects of miR‐367 on the osteoblasts growth and proliferation of mouse during fracture via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by targeting PANX3. Primarily, the femur fracture model was successfully established in 66 (C57BL/6) 6‐week–old male mice. To verify whether miR‐367 target PANX3, we used the target prediction program and performed luciferase activity determination. Subsequently, to figure out the underlying regulatory roles of miR‐367 in fracture, osteoblasts were elucidated by treatment with miR‐367 mimic, miR‐367 inhibitor, or siRNA against PANX3 to determine the expression of miR‐367, siPANX3, β‐catenin, and Wnt5b as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that PANX3 was verified as a target gene of miR‐367. MiR‐367 was found to highly expressed but PANX3, β‐catenin, and Wnt5b were observed poorly expressed in fracture mice. downregulated miR‐367 increased the mRNA and protein expression of PANX3, β‐catenin, and Wnt5b, increased cell growth, proliferation, and migration, while decreased cell apoptosis in osteoblasts. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the downregulation of miR‐367 may promote osteoblasts growth and proliferation in fracture through the activation of the PANX3‐dependent Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
The effects of microRNAs in activating neovascularization pathways in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Satari Mahbobeh , Aghadavod Esmat , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus that causes diabetic macular edema and visual loss. DR is categorized, based on the presence of vascular lesions and neovascularization, into non‐proliferative and proliferative DR. Vascular changes in DR correlate with the cellular damage and pathological changes in the capillaries of blood‐retinal barrier. Several cytokines have been involved in inducing neovascularization. These cytokines activate different signaling pathways which are mainly responsible for the complications of DR. Recently; microRNAs (miRNAs) have been introduced as the key factors in the regulation of the cytokine expression which plays a critical role in neovascularization of retinal cells. Some studies have demonstrated that changing levels of miRNAs have essential role in the pathophysiology of vascular changes in patients with DR. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DR via activating neovascularization pathways.
Improvement in infected wound healing in type 1 diabetic rat by the synergistic effect of photobiomodulation therapy and conditioned medium
Authors: Fridoni Mohammadjavad , Kouhkheil Reza , Abdollhifar Mohammad‐Amin , Amini Abdollah , Ghatrehsamani Mahdi , Ghoreishi Seyed Kamran , Chien Sufan , Bayat Sahar , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and conditioned medium (CM) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSC) individually and/or in combination on the stereological parameters and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1α), and stromal cell–derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) in a wound model infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in diabetic rats. CM was provided by culturing hBM‐MSCs. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in 72 rats, divided into four groups, harboring 18 rats each: group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received PBMT, group 3 received CM, and group 4 received CM + PBMT. On days 4, 7, and 15, six animals from each group were euthanized and the skin samples were separated for stereology examination and gene expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In the CM + PBMT, CM, and PBMT groups, significant decreases were induced in the number of neutrophils (1460 ± 93, 1854 ± 138, 1719 ± 248) and macrophages (539 ± 69, 804 ± 63, 912 ± 41), and significant increases in the number of fibroblasts (1073 ± 116, 836 ± 75, 912 ± 41) and angiogenesis (15 230 ± 516, 13 318 ± 1116, 14 041 ± 867), compared with those of the control group (2690 ± 371, 1139 ± 145, 566 ± 90, 12 585 ± 1219). Interestingly, the findings of the stereological examination in the CM + PBMT group were statistically more significant than those in the other groups. In the PBMT group, in most cases, the expression of bFGF, HIF‐1α, and SDF‐1α, on day 4 (27.7 ± 0.14, 28.8 ± 0.52, 27.5 ± 0.54) and day 7 (26.8 ± 1.4, 29.6 ± 1.4, 28.3 ± 1.2) were more significant than those in the control (day 4, 19.3 ± 0.42, 25.5 ± 0.08, 22.6 ± 0.04; day 7, 22.3 ± 0.22, 28.3 ± 0.59, 24.3 ± 0.19) and other treatment groups. The application of PBMT + CM induced anti‐inflammatory and angiogenic activities, and hastened wound healing process in a T1 DM model of MRSA infected wound.
miR‐219‐5p inhibits tau phosphorylation by targeting TTBK1 and GSK‐3β in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Weian , Yi Yanhong , Tong Qiuling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs the most common neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory, perception, and behavioral damage, which may ultimately lead to emotional fluctuation and even lethal delirium. Increasing studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with pathological features of AD. However, the role of miR‐219‐5p in AD progression is still unclear. In this study, the functions of miR‐219‐5p were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. miR‐219‐5p was notably overexpressed in brain tissues of patients with AD. The overexpression of miR‐219‐5p activated the phosphorylation of Tau‐Ser198, Tau‐Ser199, Tau‐Ser201, and Tau‐Ser422. We further showed that miR‐219‐5p could mediate a decrease in the protein levels of tau‐tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) by directly binding to their 3′‐untranslated region, thereby promoting the phosphorylation of tau in SH‐SY5Y Cells. Rescue experiments further revealed that the phosphorylation of tau‐mediated by miR‐219‐5p was dependent on the inhibition of TTBK1 and GSK‐3β. Moreover, suppressing the expression of both TTBK1 and GSK‐3β using miR‐219‐5p remarkably rescued AD‐like symptoms in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice. Our findings indicate that the upregulation of TTBK1 and GSK‐3β mediated by the loss of miR‐219‐5p is a possible mechanism that contributes to tau phosphorylation and AD progression.
Investigation of deleterious effects of nsSNPs in the POT1 gene: a structural genomics‐based approach to understand the mechanism of cancer development
Authors: Amir Mohd. , Kumar Vijay , Mohammad Taj , Dohare Ravins , Hussain Afzal , Rehman Md. Tabish , Alam Perwez , Alajmi Mohamed F. , Islam Asimul , Ahmad Faizan , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProtection of telomere 1 (POT1) is one of the key components of shelterin complex, implicated in maintaining the telomere homeostasis, and thus stability of the eukaryotic genome. A large number of non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the POT1 gene have been reported to cause varieties of human diseases, including cancer. In recent years, a number of mutations in POT1 has been markedly increased, and interpreting the effect of these large numbers of mutations to understand the mechanism of associated diseases seems impossible using experimental approaches. Herein, we employ varieties of computational methods such as PROVEAN, PolyPhen‐2, SIFT, PoPMuSiC, SDM2, STRUM, and MAESTRO to identify the effects of 387 nsSNPs on the structure and function of POT1 protein. We have identified about 183 nsSNPs as deleterious and termed them as “high‐confidence nsSNPs.” Distribution of these high‐confidence nsSNPs demonstrates that the mutation in oligonucleotide binding domain 1 is highly deleterious (one in every three nsSNPs), and high‐confidence nsSNPs show a strong correlation with residue conservation. The structure analysis provides a detailed insights into the structural changes occurred in consequence of conserved mutations which lead to the cancer progression. This study, for the first time, offers a newer prospective on the role of POT1 mutations on the structure, function, and their relation to associated diseases.
Comparison between the use of thermoplasticized gutta‐percha and a polydimethyl siloxane‐based material in filling internal resorptive cavities using spiral computed tomography
Authors: Jain Himanshu , Ballal Nidambur Vasudev 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the fill of internal resorption cavities obturated with thermoplasticized gutta‐percha and GuttaFlow2 using CT scan. Twenty human maxillary anterior teeth were selected and root canals were prepared using ProTaper system to size F3. Irrigation was performed with 5 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each root was then sectioned horizontally into two halves and semicircular cavities were prepared around the periphery of the root canal opening of each root half, using a round bur. Both the root halves were then fixed using cyanoacrylate glue. All the specimens were subjected to preoperative CT scan analysis to determine the volume of internal cavities. The samples were then randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1, the specimens were obturated with thermoplasticized gutta‐percha (E&Q system) and specimens in Group 2 were obturated using GuttaFlow2. All specimens were then subjected to postoperative CT scan analysis. The volume of voids in internal resorptive cavities were calculated, which was then used to estimate the amount of gutta‐percha filled. There was no significant difference in volume of internal resorptive cavities between thermoplasticized gutta‐percha and GuttaFlow2 groups before obturation (p = 0.466). However, after obturation there was a significant difference between both the groups, in which GuttaFlow2 demonstrated better fill (p = .014). Thermoplasticized gutta‐percha filled 81% of internal resorptive cavity while GuttaFlow2 filled 91%, respectively. GuttaFlow2 showed better fill than thermoplasticized gutta‐percha in the filling of internal resorptive cavities.
Morphological variation and covariation in mandibular molars of platyrrhine primates
Authors: Delgado Mónica Nova , Pérez‐Pérez Alejandro , Galbany Jordi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMolars are highly integrated biological structures that have been used for inferring evolutionary relationships among taxa. However, parallel and convergent morphological traits can be affected by developmental and functional constraints. Here, we analyze molar shapes of platyrrhines in order to explore if platyrrhine molar diversity reflects homogeneous patterns of molar variation and covariation. We digitized 30 landmarks on mandibular first and second molars of 418 extant and 11 fossil platyrrhine specimens to determine the degree of integration of both molars when treated as a single module. We combined morphological and phylogenetic data to investigate the phylogenetic signal and to visualize the history of molar shape changes. All platyrrhine taxa show a common shape pattern suggesting that a relatively low degree of phenotypic variation is caused by convergent evolution, although molar shape carries significant phylogenetic signal. Atelidae and Pitheciidae show high levels of integration with low variation between the two molars, whereas the Cebinae/Saimiriinae, and especially Callitrichinae, show greater variation between molars and trend toward a modular organization. We hypothesize that biomechanical constraints of the masticatory apparatus, and the dietary profile of each taxon are the main factors that determine high covariation in molars. In contrast, low molar shape covariation may result from the fact that each molar exhibits a distinct ecological signal, as molars can be exposed to distinct occlusal loadings during food processing, suggesting that different selective pressures on molars can reduce overall molar integration.
Morphology and evolution of the wing bullae in South American Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Dominguez Eduardo , Abdala Virginia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInsects were the first animals to take to the skies, and have been flying for over 320 million years. The order Ephemeroptera is, or at least is part of, the most early‐diverging lineage of extant winged insects. The extant species present a very short adult life span, mainly dedicated to reproduction and dispersal of eggs. Mating and egg‐laying behavior depend on flight. Wings are structures to fly and as such face a number of physical and physiological challenges. The convex curvature along the anterior–posterior axis of the wing generates a camber that must be carefully regulated. One of the most interesting ways of wing bending is provided by the bullae, which have been defined as short sections of flexible chitin, where the flexion lines cross veins. Although the bullae have been frequently used as taxonomic characters, there is no study focused on their morphology, although their prevalence on the wings of mayflies strongly suggests a role in flight. In order to identify evolutionary trends of these structures within Ephemeroptera, we constructed a matrix with comparative anatomy data of the bullae from whole mounts of the wings of 300 specimens belonging to 70 species of several mayfly families, as well as scanning microscopy samples of selected specimens. We also surveyed the number of bullae and their distribution in the wings of the different species within the South American Leptophlebiidae clade. We optimized the characters onto the latest published phylogeny for Leptophlebiidae.
Drilling in the dorid species Vayssierea cf. elegans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia): Functional and comparative morphological aspects
Authors: Mikhlina Anna L. , Tzetlin Alexander B. , Ekimova Irina A. , Vortsepneva Elena V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe drilling mode of feeding is known from two clades of Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. However, the level of convergence and parallelism or homology among these two lineages is unclear. The morphology of the buccal complex is well studied for drilling caenogastropods, but poorly known for drilling nudibranchs. It is also unclear whether the drilling feeding mechanism is similar between inside gastropods. Accordingly, a comparison between the feeding mechanisms of drilling nudibranchs and caenogastropods can help to understand the evolutional trends inside gastropods. In this study, we redescribe the morphology of the buccal complex of drilling dorid nudibranch Vayssierea cf. elegans, and compare it to that of previous investigations on this species and closely related dorid species. We describe the feeding mechanism of this species based on the obtained morphological and literature data and compare it to the feeding mechanisms described for drilling caenogastropods. The feeding apparatus of Vayssierea cf. elegans corresponds to the general morphology of the dorid buccal complex; that is, it has a similar arrangement of the buccal musculature and pattern of radular morphology. However, there are also adaptations to the drilling feeding mode similar to those found in Caenogastropoda: that is, specialized dissolving glands and lateral teeth with elongated pointed cusps; and even Sacoglossa: the specialized muscle for sucking. The feeding process of Vayssierea cf. elegans includes the same two stages as those described for drilling caenogastropods: (a) the boring stage, which is provided by mechanical and chemical activity, and (b) the swallowing stage.
Regenerative rehabilitation: The role of mechanotransduction in orthopaedic regenerative medicine
Authors: Glatt Vaida , Evans Christopher H. , Stoddart Martin J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTRegenerative rehabilitation is an emerging area of investigation that seeks to integrate regenerative medicine with rehabilitation medicine. It is based on the realization that combining these two areas of medicine at an early stage of treatment will produce a better clinical outcome than the traditional linear approach of first administering the elements of regeneration followed, after a delay, by rehabilitation. Indeed, in certain settings, a case can be made for initiating rehabilitation protocols before starting regenerative intervention. This review summarizes the contents of a workshop held during the 2018 annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. It introduced the concept of regenerative rehabilitation and then provided two orthopaedic examples drawn from the domains of cartilage repair and bone healing. Rehabilitation medicine can supply a variety of physical stimuli, including electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation and mechanical stimulation. Of these, mechanical stimulation has the most obvious relevance to orthopaedics. The mechano‐responsiveness of cartilage and bone has been known for a long time, but is poorly understood and has led to only limited clinical application. Improved bioreactor designs that allow multi‐axial loading enable new insights into the responsiveness of chondrocytes and chondroprogenitor cells to specific types of load, especially shear. Recent studies on the mechanobiology of bone healing show that modulating the mechanical environment of an experimental osseous lesion by a process of “Reverse Dynamization” soon after injury considerably enhances healing. Future studies are needed to probe the molecular mechanisms responsible for these phenomena and to translate these findings into clinical practice. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1263–1269, 2019.
Thermoresponsive hydrophobic copolymer grafted on agar microspheres for all‐aqueous bioseparations
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lv Yongqin , Tan Tianwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAgar microspheres were prepared by water–oil emulsification and cross‐linked under alkaline condition. The thermoresponsive hydrophobic copolymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐lauryl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide), was grafted on the agar microspheres via atom transfer radical polymerization. The agar microspheres grafted with copolymers were characterized by light microphotography, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chain lengths and hydrophobic monomer ratio of the grafting linear polymer had significant effects on the hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity of agar microspheres at different temperatures. The thermoresponsive microspheres were used for separation of proteins and showed binding and release behavior by change of temperatures without change in mobile phase composition. Thus, we suggest thermoresponsive agar microspheres as an alternative separation media for all‐aqueous bioseparations.
Hydrophilicity‐Controlled Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Xuepeng , Chen Bo , Dong Wenbo , Zhang Xiaohu , Li Zibiao , Xiang Yonggang , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo take advantage of high surface area of network conjugated microporous polymers, four linear or network conjugated polymers L‐PDBT, L‐PDBT‐O, N‐PDBT, and N‐PDBT‐O are designed in terms of water‐compatibility, and it turned out that microporous network N‐PDBT‐O exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate (HER) at 366 µmol h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm, one of best reported pristine polymer‐based photocatalysts), which is three times higher than the corresponding linear L‐PDBT‐O. Water contact angle measurements revealed that benzothiophene‐sulfone‐based conjugated polymers display better water compatibility and adsorption, and the synergic effect of better hydrophilic surface and higher surface area of N‐PDBT‐O might eventually lead to more exposed active sites in comparison to linear L‐PDBT‐O in the H2 evolution suspension system. The hydrophilicity‐controlled strategy could be applied to design of other network conjugated microporous polymer photocatalysts in an attempt to improve the activity.
Boric Acid as a Coupling Agent for Preparation of Phenolic Resin Containing Boron and Silicon with Enhanced Char Yield
Authors: Yun Jin , Chen Lixin , Zhao Hui , Zhang Xiaofei , Ye Wenlong , Zhu Defu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, an innovative, facile, and low‐cost method is developed to prepare phenolic resin (PR) containing boron and silicon (BSiPR). BSiPR is synthesized by a solvent‐free, one‐pot method using boric acid as the coupling agent instead of silane, and methyltriethoxysilane as the silicon source. The results show that boron and silicon elements are introduced into PR via BOC and BOSi structures. The char yield of the resulting resin at 800 °C is improved to 76%. The reasons for higher char yield are investigated. The formation of BOC can reduce the content of phenolic hydroxyl, which helps to decrease the weight loss. B2O3 is also formed at 400 °C, and it can prevent the release of carbon oxides. Moreover, thermally stable BOSi and SiO structures remain stable during the pyrolysis. In addition, the mechanical and ablative properties of fiber‐reinforced composites are also enhanced.
Can a channelized Hotelling observer assess image quality in acquired mammographic images of an anthropomorphic breast phantom including image processing?
Authors: Balta C. , Bouwman R. W. , Sechopoulos I. , Broeders M. J. M. , Karssemeijer N. , van Engen R. E. , Veldkamp W. J. H. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo study the feasibility of a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) to predict human observer performance in detecting calcification‐like signals in mammography images of an anthropomorphic breast phantom, as part of a quality control (QC) framework.MethodsA prototype anthropomorphic breast phantom with inserted gold disks of 0.25 mm diameter was imaged with two different digital mammography x‐ray systems at four different dose levels. Regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted from the acquired processed and unprocessed images, signal‐present and signal‐absent. The ROIs were evaluated by a CHO using four different formulations of the difference of Gaussian (DoG) channel sets. Three human observers scored the ROIs in a two‐alternative forced‐choice experiment. We compared the human and the CHO performance on the simple task to detect calcification‐like disks in ROIs with and without postprocessing. The proportion of correct responses of the human reader (PCH) and the CHO (PCCHO) was calculated and the correlation between the two was analyzed using a mixed‐effect regression model. To address the signal location uncertainty, the impact of shifting the DoG channel sets in all directions up to two pixels was evaluated. Correlation results including the goodness of fit (r2) of PCH and PCCHO for all different parameters were evaluated.ResultsSubanalysis by system yielded strong correlations between PCH and PCCHO, with r2 between PCH and PCCHO was found to be between 0.926 and 0.958 for the unshifted and between 0.759 and 0.938 for the shifted channel sets, respectively. However, the linear fit suggested a slight system dependence. PCCHO with shifted channel sets increased CHO performance but the correlation with humans was decreased. These correlations were not considerably affected by of the DoG channel set used.ConclusionsThere is potential for the CHO to be used in QC for the evaluation of detectability of calcification‐like signals. The CHO can predict the PC of humans in images of calcification‐like signals of two different systems. However, a global model to be used for all systems requires further investigation.