bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Einstein@Home Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from the Central Compact Objects in the Supernova Remnants Vela Jr. and G347.3-0.5 Using LIGO Public Data
Authors: Ming J. , Papa M. A. , Eggenstein H.-B. , Beheshtipour B. , Machenschalk B. , Prix R. , Allen B. , Bensch M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We perform a search for continuous nearly monochromatic gravitational waves from the central compact objects associated with the supernova remnants Vela Jr. and G347.3. Over 1018 different waveforms are considered, covering signal frequencies between 20 and 1300 Hz (20 and 400 Hz) for G347.3-0.5 (Vela Jr.) and a very broad range of frequency derivatives. The data set used for this first search is from the second observing run of LIGO (O2). Thousands of volunteers donating compute cycles through the computing project Einstein@Home have made this endeavor possible. Following the Einstein@Home search, we perform multistage follow-ups of over 5 million waveforms. The threshold for selecting candidates from the Einstein@Home search is such that, after the multistage follow-up, we do not expect any surviving candidate due to noise. The very last stage uses a different data set, namely, the LIGO O3 data. We find no significant signal candidate for either targets. Based on this null result, for G347.3-0.5, we set the most constraining upper limits to date on the amplitude of gravitational-wave signals, corresponding to deformations below 10−6 in a large part of the search band. At the frequency of best strain sensitivity, near 161 Hz, we set 90% confidence upper limits on the gravitational-wave intrinsic amplitude of

h

0

90
%

≈
6.2
×

10

−
26

. Over most of the frequency range, our upper limits are a factor of 10 smaller than the indirect age-based upper limit. For Vela Jr., near 163 Hz, we set

h

0

90
%

≈
6.4
×

10

−
26

. Over most of the frequency range, our upper limits are a factor of 15 smaller than the indirect age-based upper limit. The Vela Jr. upper limits presented here are slightly less constraining than the most recent upper limits of R. Abbott et al., but they apply to a broader set of signals.
SN 2021foa: The “Flip-flop” Type IIn/Ibn Supernova
Authors: Farias D. , Gall C. , Narayan G. , Rest S. , Villar V. A. , Angus C. R. , Auchettl K. , Davis K. W. , Foley R. J. , Gagliano A. , Hjorth J. , Izzo L. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Perkins H. M. L. , Ramirez-Ruiz E. , Ransome C. L. , Sarangi A. , Yarza R. , Coulter D. A. , Jones D. O. , Khetan N. , Rest A. , Siebert M. R. , Swift J. J. , Taggart K. , Tinyanont S. , Wrubel P. , de Boer T. J. L. , Clever K. E. , Dhara A. , Gao H. , Lin C.-C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2021foa, unique among the class of transitional supernovae for repeatedly changing its spectroscopic appearance from hydrogen-to-helium-to-hydrogen dominated (IIn-to-Ibn-to-IIn) within 50 days past peak brightness. The spectra exhibit multiple narrow (≈300–600 km s−1) absorption lines of hydrogen, helium, calcium, and iron together with broad helium emission lines with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ∼6000 km s−1. For a steady, wind mass-loss regime, light-curve modeling results in an ejecta mass of ∼8 M
⊙ and circumstellar material (CSM) mass below 1 M
⊙, and an ejecta velocity consistent with the FWHM of the broad helium lines. We obtain a mass-loss rate of ≈2 M
⊙ yr−1. This mass-loss rate is 3 orders of magnitude larger than derived for normal Type II supernovae. We estimate that the bulk of the CSM of SN 2021foa must have been expelled within half a year, about 12 yr ago. Our analysis suggests that SN 2021foa had a helium-rich ejecta that swept up a dense shell of hydrogen-rich CSM shortly after explosion. At about 60 days past peak brightness, the photosphere recedes through the dense ejecta-CSM region, occulting much of the redshifted emission of the hydrogen and helium lines, which results in an observed blueshift (∼−3000 km s−1). Strong mass-loss activity prior to explosion, such as those seen in SN 2009ip-like objects and SN 2021foa as precursor emission, are the likely origin of a complex, multiple-shell CSM close to the progenitor star.
Global Simulation of the Solar Wind: A Comparison with Parker Solar Probe Observations during 2018–2022
Authors: Wu Chin-Chun , Liou Kan , Wood Brian E. , Wang Y. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models play an important role in the infrastructure of space weather forecasting. Validating such models commonly utilizes in situ solar wind measurements made near the Earth’s orbit. The purpose of this study is to test the performance of G3DMHD (a data driven, time-dependent, 3D MHD model of the solar wind) with Parker Solar Probe (PSP) measurements. Since its launch in 2018 August, PSP has traversed the inner heliosphere at different radial distances sunward of the Earth (the closest approach ∼13.3 R
⊙), thus providing a good opportunity to study evolution of the solar wind and to validate heliospheric models of the solar wind. The G3DMHD model simulation is driven by a sequence of maps of the photospheric field extrapolated to the assumed source surface (2.5 R
⊙) using the potential field model from 2018 to 2022, which covers the first 15 PSP orbits. The Pearson correlation coefficient (cc) and the mean absolute scaled error (MASE) are used as the metrics to evaluate the model performance. It is found that the model performs better for both magnetic intensity (cc = 0.75; MASE = 0.60) and the solar wind density (cc = 0.73; MASE = 0.50) than for the solar wind speed (cc = 0.15; MASE = 1.29) and temperature (cc = 0.28; MASE = 1.14). This is due primarily to lack of accurate boundary conditions. The well-known underestimate of the magnetic field in solar minimum years is also present. Assuming that the radial magnetic field becomes uniformly distributed with latitude at or below 18 R
⊙ (the inner boundary of the computation domain), the agreement in the magnetic intensity significantly improves (cc = 0.83; MASE = 0.49).
Photon Ring Polarimetry with Next-generation Black Hole Imaging. I. M87*
Authors: Tamar Aditya , Palumbo Daniel C. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The near-horizon region of a black hole impacts linear (LP) and circular polarization (CP) through strong lensing of photons, adding large-scale symmetries and anti-symmetries to the polarized image. To probe the signature of lensing in polarimetry, we utilize a geometric model of concentric Gaussian rings of equal radius to investigate the transition in the Fourier plane at which the photon ring signal begins to dominate over the direct image. We find analytic, closed-form expressions for the transition radii in total intensity, LP, and CP, wherein the resultant formulae are composed of ratios of tunable image parameters, with the overall “scale” set primarily by the thickness of the direct image. Using these formulae, we compute the transition radii for time-averaged images of M87* simulations at 230 GHz, studying both magnetically arrested disk (MAD) and standard and normal evolution configurations for various spin and electron heating models. We compare geometric values to radii obtained directly from the simulations through a coherent averaging scheme. We find that nearly all MAD models have a photon ring-dominated CP signal on long baselines shorter than Earth's diameter at 230 GHz. Across favored models for the M87* accretion flow identified by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) polarimetric constraints, we quantify the sensitivity and antenna size requirements for the next-generation EHT and the Black Hole Explorer orbiter to detect these features. We find that the stringent requirements for CP favor explorations using long baselines on the ground, while LP remains promising on Earth-space baselines.
X-Ray, UV, and Optical Observations of Proxima Centauri’s Stellar Cycle
Authors: Wargelin Bradford J. , Saar Steven H. , Irving Zackery A. , Slavin Jonathan D. , Ratzlaff Peter , do Nascimento José-Dias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Proxima Cen (GJ 551; dM5.5e) is one of only about a dozen fully convective stars known to have a stellar cycle, and the only one to have long-term X-ray monitoring. A previous analysis found that X-ray and mid-UV observations, particularly two epochs of data from Swift, were consistent with a well-sampled ∼7 yr optical cycle seen in All Sky Automated Survey project (ASAS) data, but not convincing by themselves. The present work incorporates several years of new ASAS-SN optical data and an additional 5 yr of Swift XRT and UVOT observations, with Swift observations now spanning 2009–2021 and optical coverage from late 2000. X-ray observations by XMM-Newton and Chandra are also included. Analysis of the combined data, which includes modeling and adjustments for stellar contamination in the optical and UV, now reveals clear cyclic behavior in all three wavebands with a period of 8.0 yr. We also show that UV and X-ray intensities are anticorrelated with optical brightness variations caused by the cycle and by rotational modulation, discuss possible indications of two coronal mass ejections, and provide updated results for the previous finding of a simple correlation between X-ray cycle amplitude and Rossby number over a wide range of stellar types and ages.
Revisiting the Activity–Rotation Relation for Evolved Stars
Authors: Han Henggeng , Wang Song , Li Xue , Zheng Chuanjie , Liu Jifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The magnetic dynamo mechanism of giant stars remains an open question, which can be explored by investigating their activity–rotation relations with multiple proxies. By using the data from the LAMOST and Galaxy Evolution Explorer surveys, we carried out a comprehensive study of activity–rotation relations of evolved stars based on Ca ii H and K lines, Hα lines, and near-ultraviolet (NUV) emissions. Our results show that evolved stars and dwarfs obey a similar power law in the unsaturated region of the activity–rotation relation, indicating a common dynamo mechanism in both giants and dwarfs. There is no clear difference in the activity levels between red giant branch stars and red clump stars, nor between single giants and those in binaries. Additionally, our results show that the NUV activity levels of giants are comparable to those of G- and K-type dwarfs and are higher than those of M dwarfs.
On the Geometry of the Near-core Magnetic Field in Massive Stars
Authors: Ratnasingam R. P. , Edelmann P. V. F. , Bowman D. M. , Rogers T. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that the cores of massive stars sustain a stellar dynamo with a complex magnetic field configuration. However, the same cannot be said for the field's strength and geometry at the convective–radiative boundary, which are crucial when performing asteroseismic inference. In this Letter, we present 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a 7 M
⊙ mid-main-sequence star, with particular attention given to the convective–radiative boundary in the near-core region. Our simulations reveal that the toroidal magnetic field is significantly stronger than the poloidal field in this region, contrary to recent assumptions. Moreover, the rotational shear layer, also important for asteroseismic inference, is specifically confined within the extent of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency peak. These results, which are based on the inferred properties of HD 43317, have widespread implications for asteroseismic studies of rotation, mixing, and magnetism in stars. While we expect our results to be broadly applicable across stars with similar Brunt–Väisälä frequency profiles and stellar masses, we also expect the MHD parameters (e.g., Rem) and the initial stellar rotation rate to impact the geometry of the field and differential rotation at the convective–radiative interface.
Comparison of the Visual Outcomes and Optical Quality of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction and Toric Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation to Correct High Astigmatism
Authors: Wang Yuliang , Liu Yujia , Hu Jianghong , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jia 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To compare 6-month visual outcomes and optical quality after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and toric Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical Company) implantation for high myopia astigmatism.

Methods
This was a prospective non-randomized study. Overall, 88 eyes of 88 patients with high astigmatism (≥ 2.00 diopters [D]) were enrolled, comprising 42 and 46 eyes in the SMILE and toric ICL groups, respectively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, subjective manifest refraction, and higher order aberrations (HOAs) were examined before and 6 months after surgery. The astigmatism outcomes were further analyzed using Alpins vector analysis.

Results

The preoperative astigmatism was −3.20 ± 0.58 D in the SMILE group and −3.09 ± 0.81 D in the toric ICL group (
P
= .495), respectively, and the postoperative astigmatism was −0.58 ± 0.39 and −0.72 ± 0.41 D (
P
= .099) in the SMILE and toric ICL groups, respectively, at the 6-month visit. Surgically induced astigmatism, correction index, difference vector, the magnitude of error, and index of success were comparable between the two groups (
P
> .05). The Alpins vector analysis indicated a significant difference in absolute values of the angle of error between the two groups (SMILE: 3.05 ± 2.98°, toric ICL: 4.70 ± 3.84°;
P
= .027). Compared with the SMILE group, the toric ICL group exhibited significantly fewer HOAs at the 6-month follow-up visit, including total HOAs, total coma, horizontal coma, vertical coma, and spherical aberrations.

Conclusions
Both SMILE and toric ICL implantation showed satisfactory efficacy and safety in correcting high myopia astigmatism, whereas toric ICL implantation induced fewer HOAs, leading to better postoperative visual quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(12):e916–e925.]
Étude géoarchéologique d’un aménagement sur les rives de la Vène au Second âge du Fer (Site de Juffet, Montbazin, Hérault, France)
Authors: Flaux Clément , Garcia-Dalmau Cristina , Magnin Frédéric , Buffat Loïc 
Published: December 2024

Le site de Juffet se trouve sur la commune de Montbazin dans l’Hérault au nord de l’étang de Thau, à la confluence entre les ruisseaux intermittents de la Vène et des Combes. L’opération archéologique a notamment mis en évidence un enrochement discontinu de blocs daté de l’âge du Fer et une étude géomorphologique et malacologique a été conduite afin d’en restituer le contexte paléo-environnemental. Les archives bio-sédimentaires documentent la mise en place d’un paléo-chenal de la Vène au début du premier millénaire av. J.-C., sa migration latérale durant toute la période de l’âge du fer à un rythme moyen d’environ un mètre par siècle, enfin l’évolution du site vers un environnement de plaine alluviale durant la période historique. L’étude géoarchéologique montre que l’enrochement protohistorique a été installé sur la rive concave en érosion d’un méandre de la Vène, vraisemblablement pour en fixer la berge et protéger une occupation rivulaire adjacente située hors emprise. Ce site archéologique modeste en termes de densité et de conservation des vestiges met en lumière l’ancienneté plurimillénaire des tentatives de domestication des cours d’eau. Il montre l’intérêt d’une approche géoarchéologique à l’interprétation de vestiges fugaces en contexte alluvial.
African women, religion and pandemics: Some initial responses to COVID-19
Authors: Gathogo Julius M. 
Published: December 2024

In citing some qualitative case studies and in building on analytical-survey research design, this article explores the place of African women in warding off the pandemics, with particular reference to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in its initial stages (March 2020). With Africa being the most religious continent in the 21st century, African women who led the onslaught against COVID-19 (refer to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf [EJS], Graca Machel, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Vera Songwe, Maria Ramos, Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings, Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr and Blen Sahilu, among others), were largely informed by a religio-cultural concern for the ‘other’ (ubuntu). In demonstrating their sociocultural role of standing out as the bulwark against threats to familyhood, African women met in Monrovia-Liberia on 08 March 2020 during the inauguration of Amujae Leadership Forum that cropped up as a barricade against further COVID-19 spread. In a nutshell, the article draws from Sirleaf’s approach in combating the 2014–2016 Ebola pandemic and samples other leading African women’s contributors who played a pivotal role in responding to the initial stages of the pandemic, a phenomenon that traces its roots from the African heritage.Contribution: This article foregrounds the interface between African women, religious inspiration and health-related matters; and indeed enriches HTS Journal and the academic world. As by-products of a religiously inclined continent, African women’s initial response to the pandemic in March 2020 is well-rooted in their religio-cultural backcloth.
The opportunity cost of household transport expenditure in South Africa
Authors: Knipe Mienke , Krygsman Stephan 
Published: December 2024

Background: Transport affordability is a significant concern for South African households, who spend nearly a fifth of their budgets on transport. Contributing factors include a lack of affordable public transport options and spatial mismatch. Since 2015, stagnating national budgets and a declining share allocated to the transport portfolio have exacerbated household transport expenses, limiting economic mobility.Objectives: This article examines how changes in household transport expenses impact other essential expenses such as food, housing, clothing, recreation and education. Understanding these expenditure trade-offs provides insights for policy, especially as the National Public Transport Subsidy Policy is being prepared.Method: Using data from the Living Conditions Survey of 2014/2015, the study applies fractional logit regression models to estimate the impact of varying household transport expenses on other expenditure categories across diverse household demographics.Results: Findings indicate that increased household transport expenses significantly reduces allocations to essential items, notably food and housing, with the effects varying by income level, settlement type, and household composition.Conclusion: A core recommendation is to reduce transport expenses for low-income households through government intervention as this will increase these, mostly previously disadvantaged households’, economic mobility.Contribution: Results show that if low-income households allocate no more than 10% of their expenditure budgets to transport, they could potentially increase their expenditure share on food (+1.30%) housing (+1.18%) clothing (+0.86%) recreation (+0.31%) and education (+0.08%).
Evaluating the Efficacy of Dialectical and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies in Reducing Impulsive Behaviors
Authors: Rostamzadeh Mehran , Husseini Abbas Ali , Mosier William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are known to mitigate impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate their impact on impulsivity in individuals without BPD.

Materials and Methods:
A non-randomized trial using a convenience sampling method, was conducted with 65 patients exhibiting impulsive behaviors who visited the Amir Kabir Medical Center in Arak between January 20 and March 20, 2023. After excluding those who did not meet the inclusion criteria, 48 participants remained. These participants were divided into three groups: two experimental groups receiving either DBT or CBT, and a control group with no intervention. Both experimental groups underwent 14 sessions of 45 minutes each. Pretest and posttest evaluations were conducted using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results:
The findings revealed a significant reduction in impulsive behaviors in both experimental groups compared to their pretest scores, with a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that the techniques employed can serve as an effective behavioral treatment package for impulsive behaviors in non-BPD patients.
Predisposing Factors and Etiology of Deep Neck Space Infections – A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jain Utkarsh , Luthra Mahima , Bist Sampan Singh , Kumar Lovneesh , Agarwal Vinish Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Deep neck space infections (DNSI) are serious infections of the potential spaces of the neck. In developing countries, dental infections have been found to be the most common cause of these infections. The signs and symptoms depend on the neck space involved. Timely surgical drainage remains the main mode of treatment. This study aims to determine the predisposing factors and etiology responsible for these infections.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study of 1 year was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital setting and included 52 cases of clinically diagnosed DNSI. The clinico-demographic profile, microbiological profile, predisposing factors, and etiology of DNSI were recorded in all patients and analyzed.

Results:
The mean age was 43.46 ± 18.07 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. The most common presenting complaint was cervicofacial/oropharyngeal swelling (100%). The most frequently involved neck space was submandibular space (56%). Poor oral hygiene (78.8%), anemia (65.3%), and diabetes mellitus (55.7%) were the common predisposing factors, respectively. Streptococcus group of organisms were found in majority of the cases (19%) and cephalosporin was the most sensitive drug (100%). Dental infection was observed as the most common etiological cause (67.3%).

Conclusion:
Primary health-care physician should be aware of the signs and symptoms of DNSI so that early detection and timely referral can be done to prevent life threatening complications. Regular health and dental checkups should be encouraged for decreasing the incidence of these infections.