bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Molecule Counting of High‐Sensitivity Troponin I in Patients Referred for Diagnostic Angiography: Results From the CASABLANCA (Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases) Study
Authors: McCarthy Cian P. , Ibrahim Nasrien E. , Lyass Asya , Li Yiwei , Gaggin Hanna K. , Simon Mandy L. , Mukai Renata , Gandhi Parul , Kelly Noreen , Motiwala Shweta R. , van Kimmenade Roland R. J. , Massaro Joseph M. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Januzzi James L. 
Published: March 2018

Background

The meaning of high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) concentrations in patients without acute myocardial infarction (
MI
) requires clarity. We hypothesized that among patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography without acute
MI
, hsTnI concentrations would correlate with prevalent coronary artery disease (
CAD
) and predict incident cardiovascular events and mortality.

Methods and Results

We measured hsTnI using a single‐molecule counting assay (99th percentile, 6 ng/L) in samples from 991 patients obtained at the time of angiography. Concentrations of hsTnI were assessed relative to the severity of
CAD
and prognosis during mean follow‐up of 3.7 years. Median hsTnI concentration was 4.19 ng/L; 38% of patients had hsTnI concentrations ≥99th percentile. Across increasing hsTnI quartiles, patients had higher prevalence of angiographic
CAD
; in multivariate models, hsTnI ≥99th percentile independently predicted obstructive
CAD
(odds ratio: 2.57;
P
<0.001) and incident
MI
(hazard ratio [
HR
]: 2.68;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular death (
HR:
2.29;
P
=0.001), and all‐cause death (
HR:
1.84;
P
=0.004). In those with >70% coronary stenosis, hsTnI ≥99th percentile independently predicted incident
MI
(
HR:
1.87;
P
=0.01), cardiovascular mortality (
HR:
2.74;
P
=0.001), and the composite end point of
MI
and all‐cause death (
HR:
2.06;
P
<0.001). In participants with coronary stenosis <70%, hsTnI ≥99th percentile even more strongly predicted incident
MI
(
HR
: 8.41;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (
HR
: 3.60;
P
=0.03), and the composite end point of
MI
and all‐cause death (
HR:
3.62;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

In a large prospective cohort of patients who were free of prevalent
MI
and undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography, hsTnI concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of
CAD
and predicted incident
MI
, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause death.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00842868.
Projected Temperature-Related Years of Life Lost From Stroke Due To Global Warming in a Temperate Climate City, Asia
Authors: Li Guoxing , Guo Qun , Liu Yang , Li Yixue , Pan Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Global warming has attracted worldwide attention. Numerous studies have indicated that stroke is associated with temperature; however, few studies are available on the projections of the burden of stroke attributable to future climate change. We aimed to investigate the future trends of stroke years of life lost (YLL) associated with global warming.

Methods—
We collected death records to examine YLL in Tianjin, China, from 2006 to 2011. We fitted a standard time-series Poisson regression model after controlling for trends, day of the week, relative humidity, and air pollution. We estimated temperature–YLL associations with a distributed lag nonlinear model. These models were then applied to the local climate projections to estimate temperature-related YLL in the 2050s and 2070s. We projected temperature-related YLL from stroke in Tianjin under 19 global-scale climate models and 3 different greenhouse gas emission scenarios.

Results—
The results showed a slight decrease in YLL with percent decreases of 0.85%, 0.97%, and 1.02% in the 2050s and 0.94%, 1.02%, and 0.91% in the 2070s for the 3 scenarios, respectively. The increases in heat-related annual YLL and the decreases in cold-related YLL under the high emission scenario were the strongest. The monthly analysis showed that the most significant increase occurred in the summer months, particularly in August, with percent changes >150% in the 2050s and up to 300% in the 2070s.

Conclusions—
Future changes in climate are likely to lead to an increase in heat-related YLL, and this increase will not be offset by adaptation under both medium emission and high emission scenarios. Health protections from hot weather will become increasingly necessary, and measures to reduce cold effects will also remain important.
Another potential cost of tail autotomy: tail loss may result in high ectoparasite loads in Sceloporus lizards
Authors: Argaez Víctor , Solano-Zavaleta Israel , Zúñiga-Vega J. Jaime 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Tail autotomy is a common phenomenon in lizards that increases the chances of immediate survival during a predation event or agonistic encounter. However, despite short-term benefits, tail regeneration may also impose costs. Several studies have demonstrated that tail loss compromises other vital functions such as lipid storage, reproduction, and the immune system. Several lizard species are hosts of mites and ticks. Here we evaluated in three lizard species from the genus Sceloporus, whether individuals that have lost their tails and invested energy in tail regeneration are more susceptible to ectoparasites. Using a multimodel inference framework, we examined if tail loss and regeneration, as well as sex, body condition, and season (dry or rainy) predict ectoparasite load. Our results indicate that investing energy and resources in tail regeneration compromises defence against ectoparasites. These costs differed between sexes and among species. Overall, ectoparasite load increases during the rainy season and is on average higher in males. In S. grammicus, during the rainy season, males with regenerated tails and in poor body condition had more ectoparasites than males with intact tails in good body condition. In S. megalepidurus, we observed the same effect during the rainy season but in females rather than males. In S. torquatus, we found no effect of tail loss on ectoparasite load. We discuss the possibility that differences observed among species reflect differences in both species-specific physiological trade-offs and local environmental conditions.
Das pactum ut minus solvatur und die maior pars im klassischen Recht
Authors: Finkenauer Thomas 
Published: March 2018

The pactum ut minus solvatur and the maior pars in classical law. Marc Aurel established the institution of a creditors’ meeting, the purpose of which was to find a composition agreement between all creditors and the debtor’s heir. Such a debt cut required a majority decision of those creditors present at the meeting. Without discretion, the praetor had to follow this majority decision. His decretum and thus the quota agreed upon were binding even for dissenting creditors and those not present at the meeting.
English Schools with a Religious Ethos: For a Re-Interpretation of Religious Autonomy
Authors: Hunter-Henin Myriam 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Rooted in a principle of non-interference in matters of religious beliefs, supported by an ideology of parental school choice, faith state schools in England have enjoyed a large discretion to promote their religious ethos. Recent judicial and legislative interventions into the affairs of religious schools may be criticized as they betray these philosophical roots, without offering an alternative coherent justificatory model for law and religion relationships. By seeking to remove the allegedly socially or racially divisive edge of religious autonomy, these interventions have provoked an unwarranted and inconsistent mingling of the secular and the religious. Moreover, they have imposed a form of state governance which has reinforced religious authorities to the detriment of the autonomy of local stakeholders, parents and schools. It is claimed that a more deliberative and contextual re-interpretation of the principle of religious autonomy in English law would lead to less confrontational and more acceptable outcomes.
Bilingualism and Musicality in Samuel Beckett’s Textes pour rien / Texts for Nothing
Authors: Brown Llewellyn 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Beckett’s bilingual work brings to light a non-negotiable dimension inherent in language. The two versions of the ‘same’ literary work prove to be substantially different as regards the effect produced. Their musicality involves the impact of language on the subject, and is apparent in the specific qualities inherent in French and English. While the French reveals ‘weaker’ rhythms, and more fluid and allusive language, the English reinforces the substance of words. The two languages are thus not equivalent but maintain their radical difference in relation to each other.
NCA-LDAS Land Analysis: Development and Performance of a Multisensor, Multivariate Land Data Assimilation System for the National Climate Assessment
Authors: Kumar Sujay V. , Jasinski Michael , Mocko David M. , Rodell Matthew , Borak Jordan , Li Bailing , Beaudoing Hiroko Kato , Peters-Lidard Christa D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article describes one of the first successful examples of multisensor, multivariate land data assimilation, encompassing a large suite of soil moisture, snow depth, snow cover, and irrigation intensity environmental data records (EDRs) from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E and AMSR2), Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The analysis is performed using the NASA Land Information System (LIS) as an enabling tool for the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA). The performance of the NCA Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) is evaluated by comparing it to a number of hydrological reference data products. Results indicate that multivariate assimilation provides systematic improvements in simulated soil moisture and snow depth, with marginal effects on the accuracy of simulated streamflow and evapotranspiration. An important conclusion is that across all evaluated variables, assimilation of data from increasingly more modern sensors (e.g., SMOS, SMAP, AMSR2, ASCAT) produces more skillful results than assimilation of data from older sensors (e.g., SMMR, SSM/I, AMSR-E). The evaluation also indicates the high skill of NCA-LDAS when compared with other LSM products. Further, drought indicators based on NCA-LDAS output suggest a trend of longer and more severe droughts over parts of the western United States during 1979–2015, particularly in the southwestern United States, consistent with the trends from the U.S. Drought Monitor, albeit for a shorter 2000–15 time period.
The Influence of Swell on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer under Nonneutral Conditions
Authors: Zou Zhongshui , Zhao Dongliang , Zhang Jun A. , Li Shuiqing , Cheng Yinhe , Lv Haibin , Ma Xin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe anomalous phenomena induced by the prevailing swell at low wind speeds prevent a complete understanding of air–sea interaction processes. Many studies have considered this complex problem, but most have focused on near-neutral conditions. In this study, the influence of the swell on the atmospheric boundary under nonneutral conditions was addressed by extending the turbulent closure models of Makin and Kudryavtsev and the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST; Monin and Yaglom) to the existence of swell and nonneutral conditions. It was shown that wind profiles derived from these models were consistent with each other and both departed from the traditional MOST. At low wind speeds, a supergeostrophic jet appeared on the upper edge of the wave boundary layer, which was also reported in earlier studies. Under nonneutral conditions, the influence of buoyancy was significant. The slope of the wind profile increased under stable conditions and became smoother under unstable conditions. Considering the effects of buoyancy and swell, the wind stress derived from the model agreed quantitatively with the observations.
Multivariate Self-Organizing Map Approach to Classifying Supercell Tornado Environments Using Near-Storm, Low-Level Wind and Thermodynamic Profiles
Authors: Nowotarski Christopher J. , Jones Erin A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Self-organizing maps (SOMs) have been shown to be a useful tool in classifying meteorological data. This paper builds on earlier work employing SOMs to classify model analysis proximity soundings from the near-storm environments of tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms. A series of multivariate SOMs is produced wherein the input variables, height, dimensions, and number of SOM nodes are varied. SOMs including information regarding the near-storm wind profile are more effective in discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic storms than those limited to thermodynamic information. For the best-performing SOMs, probabilistic forecasts derived from matching near-storm environments to a SOM node may provide modest improvements in forecast skill relative to existing methods for probabilistic forecasts.
Cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma is associated with reduced cortical differentiation between threat and non-threat faces in posttraumatic stress disorder adults
Authors: Chu Denise A , Bryant Richard A , Gatt Justine M , Harris Anthony WF 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder and childhood trauma frequently co-occur. Both are associated with abnormal neural responses to salient emotion stimuli. As childhood trauma is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder, differentiating between their neurophysiological effects is necessary to elucidate the neural pathways by which childhood trauma exposure contributes to increased posttraumatic stress disorder risks. Methods: Face-specific N170 evoked response potentials for backward-masked (non-conscious) and conscious threat (fear, angry) and non-threat (happy) faces were measured in 77 adults (18–64 years old, 64% women, 78% right-handed) symptomatic for posttraumatic stress disorder. Differences in N170 peak amplitudes for fear-versus-happy and angry-versus-happy faces at bilateral temporo-occipital (T5, T6) sites were computed. The effect of cumulative exposure to childhood interpersonal trauma, other childhood trauma, adult trauma, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity on the N170 response was assessed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: T5 N170 peak amplitudes for non-conscious fear-versus-happy faces were inversely related to cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma after accounting for socio-demographic, clinical symptom and other trauma factors. Posttraumatic stress disorder Avoidance was positively associated with N170 peak amplitudes for non-conscious fear-versus-happy faces, primarily due to reduced N170 responsivity to happy faces. Conclusion: Childhood interpersonal trauma exposure is associated with reduced discrimination between fear and happy faces, while avoidance symptom severity is associated with dampened responsivity to automatically processed happy faces in posttraumatic stress disorder adults. Results are discussed in terms of the likely contributions of impaired threat discrimination and deficient reward processing during neural processing of salient emotion stimuli, to increased risks of posttraumatic stress disorder onset and chronicity in childhood interpersonal trauma–exposed adults.
Effect of HLA-DRB1 alleles and genetic variants on the development of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta in the BEYOND and BENEFIT trials
Authors: Buck Dorothea , Andlauer Till FM , Igl Wilmar , Wicklein Eva-Maria , Mühlau Mark , Weber Frank , Köchert Karl , Pohl Christoph , Arnason Barry , Comi Giancarlo , Cook Stuart , Filippi Massimo , Hartung Hans-Peter , Jeffery Douglas , Kappos Ludwig , Barkhof Frederik , Edan Gilles , Freedman Mark S , Montalbán Xavier , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Hemmer Bernhard ,   The BEYOND and BENEFIT Study Groups
Published: March 2018

Background: Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with interferon β can lead to the development of antibodies directed against interferon β that interfere with treatment efficacy. Several observational studies have proposed different HLA alleles and genetic variants associated with the development of antibodies against interferon β. Objective: To validate the proposed genetic markers and to identify new markers. Methods: Associations of genetic candidate markers with antibody presence and development were examined in a post hoc analysis in 941 patients treated with interferon β-1b in the Betaferon® Efficacy Yielding Outcomes of a New Dose (BEYOND) and BEtaseron®/BEtaferon® in Newly Emerging multiple sclerosis For Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) prospective phase III trials. All patients were treated with interferon β-1b for at least 6 months. In addition, a genome-wide association study was conducted to identify new genetic variants. Results: We confirmed an increased risk for carriers of HLA-DRB1*04:01 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, p = 6.9 × 10−4) and HLA-DRB1*07:01 (OR = 1.8, p = 3.5 × 10−3) for developing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Several additional, previously proposed HLA alleles and genetic variants showed nominally significant associations. In the exploratory analysis, variants in the HLA region were associated with NAb development at genome-wide significance (OR = 2.6, p = 2.30 × 10−15). Conclusion: The contribution of HLA alleles and HLA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the development and titer of antibodies against interferon β was confirmed in the combined analysis of two multi-national, multi-center studies.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Home-Start support in Dutch families
Authors: Smallegange ES , Hermanns JMA , Oort FJ 
Published: March 2018

Summary Home visiting is a widely used form of parenting support. The current study focused on the effectiveness of the home visiting volunteer parenting support programme Home-Start in the Netherlands. The Home-Start programme (intervention group) was compared to professional care as usual support (comparison group). The study focused on post-intervention changes of parental wellbeing, parenting behaviour and child problem behaviour within families with children in the age range of 1.5–3.5 years. Data were collected at the start of the interventions, at moment of support termination and at a six-month follow-up. Findings Eighty-six mothers from 24 Home-Start schemes were included in the intervention group (43 available at six-month follow-up) and 103 mothers from 18 care as usual sites in the comparison group (71 available at six-month follow-up). Mixed model analyses showed no or minor changes on the majority of selected outcome measures in both study groups. Significant improvements were only found for a few primary and secondary outcome measures. Additionally, there were indications of an increase in mother-reported behavioural difficulties of the children at post-test measurements, disappearing however at the six-month follow-up. Applications The current study showed that the volunteer programme Home-Start is an appealing intervention to families that appear to have higher needs. The study generated evidence that the results of the two types of evaluated interventions are comparable with little evidence of lasting changes.
Characterizing communication between transition-aged foster youth and their social workers
Authors: Richardson Sabrina M , Yates Tuppett M 
Published: March 2018

This study examined communication between 51 transition-aged foster youth and their social workers as related to perceived relationship quality and satisfaction with care receipt/provision. Youth–worker dyads were audio-recorded during a requisite monthly meeting and completed assessments of perceived relationship quality and satisfaction with social services. Communication was rated in a 5-minute excerpt across full audio-recorded speech, verbal transcribed content, and nonverbal content-filtered tone. Findings Ratings of workers’ communication in transcribed content most closely reflected workers’ reported perceptions of their relationship with the youth. In turn, youth’s perceptions of the relationship and satisfaction with care were most strongly linked to the content of workers’ communication. Similarly, youth’s communication in full speech and content most closely reflected their reported perceptions of their relationship with the worker and their satisfaction with care, and workers’ perceptions of the relationship and satisfaction with care were most strongly linked to these channels of youth communication. Applications Findings suggest that foster youth and social workers may communicate their authentic beliefs and expectations differentially by communicative channel. Further, both communication partners appeared selectively attuned to the most authentic speaker channels. These findings can inform case planning and intervention work focused on leveraging the power of the worker–youth relationship to improve key service outcomes for foster youth.
Universal 2 total wrist arthroplasty: high satisfaction but high complication rates
Authors: Kennedy John W. , Ross Andrew , Wright Jonathan , Martin David J. , Bransby-Zachary Marc , MacDonald Duncan J. 
Published: March 2018

The Universal 2 total wrist arthroplasty is intended to alleviate wrist pain and restore function. There is limited evidence regarding its success and safety. We report outcomes in 48 wrists of 46 patients with Universal 2 arthroplasty between 2006 and 2014. We recorded range of motion of the operated wrist, patient satisfaction, complication and revision rates, and radiological appearances of the wrists with mean follow-up of 7 years (3.5 to 11 years). We found a significant improvement in DASH scores after surgery, with active range of wrist motion being 33° flexion and 24° extension. Thirty-nine patients would undergo the procedure again if he had similar wrist problems. Twenty-three patients had loosening of at least one component of the implant. Complications were found in 13 wrists; seven underwent revision. We conclude that the Universal 2 arthroplasty produces significant improvements in DASH scores and high levels of satisfaction of the patients. However, the surgery has a high complication rate. Level of evidence: IV
Regional differences in the mid-Victorian diet and their impact on health
Authors: Greaves Peter 
Published: March 2018

Summary The aim of this study was to examine the impact of regional diets on the health of the poor in mid-Victorian Britain. Contemporary surveys of regional diets and living condition were reviewed. This information was compared with mortality data from Britain over the same period. Although there was an overall improvement in life expectancy during the latter part of the 19th century, there were large regional differences in lifestyle, diet and mortality rates. Dietary surveys showed that the poor labouring population in isolated rural areas of England, in the mainland and islands of Scotland and in the west of Ireland enjoyed the most nutritious diets. These regions also showed the lowest mortality rates in Britain. This was not simply the result of better sanitation and less mortality from food and waterborne infections but also fewer deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, which is typically associated with better nutrition. These more isolated regions where a peasant-style culture provided abundant locally produced cheap foodstuffs such as potatoes, vegetables, whole grains, and milk and fish, were in the process of disappearing in the face of increasing urbanisation. This was to the detriment of many rural poor during the latter half of the century. Conversely, increasing urbanisation, with its improved transport links, brought greater availability and diversity of foods to many others. It was this that that led to an improved nutrition and life expectancy for the majority in urbanising Britain, despite the detrimental effects of increasing food refinement.