bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide
Authors: Wang Wei , He Miao , Li Zihua , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the trends and variations in global health burden of glaucoma by year, age and sex, region and socio‐economic status, using disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs).MethodThe DALY numbers, crude DALY rate and age‐standardized DALY rate globally and in each country were obtained the GBD 2015 study database. The corresponding human development index (HDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were obtained from the United Nations and World Bank. Environmental data were obtained from the WHO Global Health Observatory data repository.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2015, the DALY number and age‐standardized DALY rate due to glaucoma increased by 122% and 15%, respectively. Both male and female showed similar increasing trend with ageing, with the peak at 60 years old and increasing again since 75 years old. Sex disparities in DALY number were noted, with higher burden among female than male in each age group (all p < 0.001). The health burden of glaucoma was substantial unequal, with Gini coefficient of 0.865 for DALY number, 0.235 for crude DALY rate and 0.254 for age‐standardized DALY rate, respectively. The age‐standardized DALY was significantly associated with HDI, accounting for 22.2% variance across countries (R2 = 0.222, p < 0.001). Similarly, the GDP per capita was inversely associated with age‐standardized DALY rate but can explain only 10.6% variations in age‐standardized DALY rate (R2 = 0.106, p < 0.001). The age‐standardized DALY rate due to glaucoma was positively associated with national levels of ultraviolet radiation and PM2.5.ConclusionThe health burden of glaucoma continuously increased in the past 25 years and distributed unequally. Lower socio‐economic level, older age, female, higher ambient ultraviolet radiation and higher level of air pollution were significantly associated with higher burden of glaucoma.
Abnormal neurological soft signs in babies born to smoking mothers were associated with lower breastfeeding for first three months
Authors: Bertini G , Elia S , Lori S , Dani C 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimWe examined associations between neurological alterations in infants born to smoking mothers and breastfeeding success at discharge and three months of age.MethodsThis 2016 study compared 35 normal weight infants born to smoking mothers at 37–41 weeks and 35 matched controls born to non‐smoking mothers at the Maternity Hospital of Careggi University, Florence, Italy. Neonatal behaviour was evaluated using the neurological soft signs (NSS) component of the Graham‐Rosenblith Scale. Breastfeeding variables were measured using the LATCH score that covers: breast latching, audible swallowing, type of nipple, mother's comfort and help they needed to hold their baby to their breast. A questionnaire on excessive crying and feeding was distributed at discharge, and further data were collected during a three‐month telephone interview.ResultsAt discharge, the infants born to smoking mothers had a significantly lower LATCH score and significantly poorer performance on several items of the NSS component than the controls. The LATCH score and number of NSS were inversely proportional. At the three‐month follow‐up only 57.1% of the smoking group infants were breastfeeding compared with 87.5% of the control infants (p < 0.01).ConclusionInfants with smoking mothers displayed altered neurobehavioural profiles and had a difficult start to breastfeeding.
The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model system for the discovery and characterization of cell‐penetrating peptides and bioportides
Authors: Jones Sarah , Osman Shaimaa , Howl John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe general utility of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, an organism with remarkable regenerative capacity, was investigated as a convenient three‐dimensional model to analyse the import of cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) and bioportides (bioactive CPPs) into complex tissues. The unpigmented planarian blastema, 3 days post head amputation, is a robust platform to assess the penetration of red‐fluorescent CPPs into epithelial cells and deeper tissues. Three planarian proteins, Ovo, ZicA and Djeya, which collectively control head remodelling and eye regeneration following decapitation, are a convenient source of novel cationic CPP vectors. One example, Djeya1 (RKLAFRYRRIKELYNSYR), is a particularly efficient and seemingly inert CPP vector that could be further developed to assist the delivery of bioactive payloads across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Eye regeneration, following head amputation, was utilized in an effort to identify bioportides capable of influencing stem cell‐dependent morphogenesis. These investigations identified the tetradecapeptide mastoparan (INLKALAALAKKIL) as a bioportide able to influence the gross morphology of head development. We conclude that, compared with cellular monolayers, the S. mediterranea system provides many advantages and will support the identification of bioportides able to selectively modify the biology of totipotent neoblasts and, presumably, other mammalian stem cell types.
Bleb‐associated endophthalmitis: Proportion, presentation, management and outcomes in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Kwon Hye Jin , Kumar Himeesh , Green Catherine M. , Crowston Jonathan G. , McGuinness Myra B. , Kerr Nathan M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImportanceBleb‐associated endophthalmitis is a potentially vision‐threatening complication of trabeculectomy. With improvements in surgical technique and changing patterns of intraoperative antimetabolite use, a re‐evaluation of the incidence of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis is warranted.BackgroundTo investigate changes in the incidence, presentation, management and outcomes of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis between 1997 and 2015 in Victoria, Australia.DesignA retrospective cohort analysis.ParticipantsConsecutive cases of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis managed at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) between 1997 and 2015.MethodsMedical record review of consecutive cases of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis and statistical analysis were performed.Main Outcome MeasuresVisual acuity, including loss of light perception, intraocular pressure, and need for further surgery.ResultsSixty‐seven eyes with bleb‐associated endophthalmitis (BAE) were identified. Of these, 41 had trabeculectomy performed in Victoria during the study period, over which time 11 129 trabeculectomies were performed. The proportion of BAE was stable over time (0.4%). The mean age at presentation was 73.7 ± 12.1 years old and the majority of patients were Caucasian (79.1%). The mean duration between glaucoma filtration surgery and the development of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis was 3 years (Interquartile Range = 0.4‐6.0 years). The cultures were positive in 71.6% of cases. Approximately 1 in 8 patients required enucleation. The final visual acuity was poor with a Snellen Visual Acuity (VA) of 6/60 or worse in two‐thirds of patients.Conclusions and RelevanceBleb‐associated endophthalmitis is an uncommon complication following glaucoma filtration surgery. The proportion has remained stable over time. Visual outcomes remain poor.
Trends in cardiovascular management of people with diabetes by primary healthcare nurses in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Daly B. M. , Arroll B. , Scragg R. K. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe study aim was to re‐examine current work practices and evaluate time trends in the cardiovascular management of people with diabetes consulted by primary healthcare nurses in New Zealand.MethodsPrimary healthcare nurses in the Auckland region were surveyed in 2006–2008 and 2016, with about one‐third of practice, home care and specialist nurses randomly selected to participate. Nurses completed a self‐administered questionnaire about demographic and workplace details, and a telephone interview about clinical care provided for people with diabetes during nursing consultations. Information was collected on a representative sample of people with diabetes consulted on one randomly selected work‐day in the previous week.ResultsOf all people with diabetes consulted by nurses, practice nurses consulted significantly more in 2016 (83%) compared with 60% in 2006–2008, whereas specialist nurse consultations decreased from 23% to 8% (P = 0.01). In 2016, in people with diabetes, BMI was higher, and total cholesterol lower, yet the proportions of those receiving lifestyle advice (dietary and activity) remained unchanged from 2006–2008 levels. Smoking prevalence in people with diabetes was unchanged between the two surveys, although more people were asked if they wished to stop in 2016 compared with 2006–2008 (98% vs. 73%). In 2016, hours of nurses’ diabetes education were associated with increased routine assessments of risk factors in people with diabetes and checking laboratory results.ConclusionsPractice nurses are undertaking an increasing proportion of diabetes consultations. Although BMI in people with diabetes is increasing, the proportion of nurses offering lifestyle advice remains unchanged. Increasing diabetes education could strengthen the management of people with diabetes by community nurses.
Onyx: A new Canvas‐based tool for visualizing biomedical and health ontologies
Authors: Öztürk Övünç , Açikgöz Hasan Gökhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOntologies provide formal, machine‐readable, and human‐interpretable representations of domain knowledge. Therefore, ontologies have come into question with the development of Semantic Web technologies. People who want to use ontologies need an understanding of the ontology, but this understanding is very difficult to attain if the ontology user lacks the background knowledge necessary to comprehend the ontology or if the ontology is very large. Thus, software tools that facilitate the understanding of ontologies are needed. Ontology visualization is an important research area because visualization can help in the development, exploration, verification, and comprehension of ontologies. This paper introduces the design of a new ontology visualization tool, which differs from traditional visualization tools by providing important metrics and analytics about ontology concepts and warning the ontology developer about potential ontology design errors. The tool, called Onyx, also has advantages in terms of speed and readability. Thus, Onyx offers a suitable environment for the representation of large ontologies, especially those used in biomedical and health information systems and those that contain many terms. It is clear that these additional functionalities will increase the value of traditional ontology visualization tools during ontology exploration and evaluation.
Foster Caregivers' Marital and Coparenting Relationship Experiences: A Dyadic Perspective
Authors: Richardson Evin W. , Futris Ted G. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the associations among foster caregiver husbands' and wives' parenting stress, couple relationship quality, and coparenting relationship quality.BackgroundLittle empirical attention has been given to examining the relationship experiences of foster caregivers. The present study was designed to examine how parenting stress of foster caregivers is associated with husbands' and wives' perceptions of their marital and coparenting relationships.MethodUsing an actor–partner interdependence model, we analyzed data from a sample of 96 heterosexually married couples who were active foster caregivers from three larger studies from a single state.ResultsBoth husbands' and wives' parenting stress were associated with their own and their partner's perceptions of their marital and coparenting relationship, but marital relationship quality was only associated with their own coparenting relationship quality (i.e., actor effects). Husbands' perceptions of the marital relationship mediated the relationship between both husbands' and wives' parenting stress and husbands' coparenting relationship quality.ConclusionResults suggest that foster caregiver husbands' and wives' parenting stresses have unique impacts on how they and their partner perceive their marital and coparenting relationships.ImplicationsChild welfare professionals who work with foster caregivers may provide resources and support to reduce the parenting stress caregivers experience, such as providing more access to respite services and healthy relationship and marriage education.
Association between delirium, adverse clinical events and functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morandi Alessandro , Mazzone Andrea , Bernardini Bruno , Suardi Teresa , Prina Roberto , Pozzi Christian , Gentile Simona , Trabucchi Marco , Bellelli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AimThe aim of the present study is to investigate how delirium and adverse clinical events (ACE) contribute independently and in combination to functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted after hip fracture surgical repair to three Italian rehabilitation units. Delirium on admission was evaluated with the Confusion Assessment Method. ACE during the rehabilitation stay were recorded, including infections (i.e. urinary tract infections, other infections), non‐infectious ACE (i.e. cardiovascular events, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism) and falls. A multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of ACE and delirium on functional outcome, adjusting for covariates determined a priori.ResultsA total of 519 patients were included in the study. The mean ± SD age was 82.9 ± 9.4 years. ACE occurred in 277 patients (53.4%), delirium alone was present in 19 patients (3.6%). Both conditions were present in 58 patients (11.2%). Compared with patients without delirium or ACE, those with ACE or delirium were more likely to have a worse functional outcome (−6.7 Barthel Index points [−11.6; −1.7]; P = 0.008; −13.2 [−25.6; −0.8]; P = 0.038) at discharge, and patients with both conditions had an even lower Barthel Index score (−18.6 Barthel Index points [−26.9; −10.3]; P < 0.001).ConclusionsACE and delirium are very common in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after hip fracture, and frequently coexist. As both ACE and delirium could impact on functional outcome, alone and in combination, a clinical geriatric approach is necessary for this population to minimize risks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 404–408.
Combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality and incident disability in older Japanese adults
Authors: Kitamura Akihiko , Taniguchi Yu , Seino Satoshi , Yokoyama Yuri , Amano Hidenori , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: February 2019

AimEvidence is limited on how frailty affects the association between diabetes and adverse outcomes at the population level. The present community‐based study aimed to clarify the relative risks of death and disability in older Japanese adults with diabetes, frailty, both or neither.MethodsThe present prospective study analyzed data from 1271 Japanese residents aged ≥65 years in Kusatsu town in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, who participated in annual health checkups carried out between 2002 and 2011, and were initially free of disability. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify associations of diabetes and frailty with all‐cause mortality and incident disability.ResultsAmong the 1271 participants, 176 (14%) had diabetes (mean hemoglobin A1c 7.5%, body mass index 24.2 kg/m2, 45% using diabetes medications) and 151 (12%) had frailty at baseline. Compared with non‐frail participants without diabetes, those with diabetes and frailty had higher risks of mortality (multivariable hazard ratio 5.0, 95% CI 2.4–10.3) and incident disability (hazard ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.1–7.3). In contrast, non‐frail participants with diabetes did not have a significantly increased risk of mortality, although they had a higher tendency for the incidence of disability, as compared with non‐frail participants without diabetes.ConclusionsAt the population level, the risks of death and disability in persons with mild diabetes were strongly affected by the presence of frailty. From a community‐based perspective, diabetes‐related mortality and disability incidence might be reduced by preventing or improving frailty in conjunction with glycemic control. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 423–428.
Glass foams produced by glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax with several pore structures using factorial designs
Authors: da Silva Robson C. , Kubaski Evaldo T. , Tebcherani Sergio M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlass foams have great potential for several technological applications, for example, filters and thermal or acoustic insulators. Sodium hydroxide is an efficient foaming agent to obtain glass foams with high level of porosity. However, the control of variables that influences on structure, type, and size of pores of glass foams is necessary. This study evaluates the influence of composition and process parameters on glass foams based on soda‐lime glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax. Experiments were conducted using factorial designs. According to the experimental conditions, bulk density varied from 0.16 to 0.79 g cm−3 and maximum porosity of 92%. Amounts of NaOH and borax in addition to sintering temperature are the main variables of the foaming process. The role of NaOH content is to reduce the density and closed porosity of glass foams associated with an increase in their open porosity. The addition of borax with low NaOH amount promoted densification and pore closure in glass foams. NaOH and borax content allows controlling the type of predominant porosity on foams (open or closed porosity). Glass foams were resistant to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid in diluted solutions. These results allow controlling the pore structure of glass foams for different applications.
Shaping Canadian citizens: A historical study of Canadian multiculturalism and social work during the period from 1900 to 1999
Authors: Johnstone Marjorie , Lee Eunjung 
Published: February 2019

Canadian multiculturalism is a source of national pride and Canada’s national identity. Despite this, the marginalization of migrants, Indigenous, and non‐White Canadians has persisted while (re)constructing Canadian citizens and nationhood. Using a Foucauldian genealogical approach, we explored how the social work profession has addressed this paradox around shifting Canadian national identities and multiculturalism while developing its professionalization across various historical junctures in the 20th century. Our findings reveal that, since its inception, the social work profession has negotiated with dominant discourses. In the collective response as a profession, the omission of attention and subsequent inaction to exclusion and marginalization is apparent. However, through the construction of counter discourses, individual social workers’ resistance to social injustice has been noteworthy. Identifying and documenting these counter discourses across significant historical periods thus contributes to rewriting Canadian social work history that reinvigorates our social work core values of justice and respect for all.Key Practitioner Message: • The study provides a critical analysis of the history of Canadian Social Work practice in relation to multiculturalism; • It can be used for pedagogical purposes (critical discussion and evaluation); • It raises awareness of historical social work blind spots.
The immunomodulatory effects of measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccination on persistence of heterologous vaccine responses
Authors: Zimmermann Petra , Perrett Kirsten P , van der Klis Fiona RM , Curtis Nigel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is proposed that measles‐containing vaccines have immunomodulatory effects which include a reduction in all‐cause childhood mortality. The antibody response to heterologous vaccines provides a means to explore these immunomodulatory effects. This is the first study to investigate the influence of measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine on the persistence of antibodies to a broad range of heterologous infant vaccinations given in the first year of life. In total, 319 children were included in the study. All infants received routine vaccinations at 6 weeks, 4 and 6 months of age. At 12 months of age, 212 children were vaccinated with MMR and Haemophilus influenzae type b‐meningococcus C (Hib‐MenC) vaccines while the remaining 99 children had not yet received these vaccines. In the MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated group, blood was taken 28 ± 14 days after receiving these vaccines. Antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin], poliomyelitis (type 1, 2, 3) and 13 pneumococcal serotypes were measured. Seroprotection rates and geometric mean antibody concentrations were compared between MMR/MenC‐Hib‐vaccinated and MMR/MenC‐Hib‐naïve participants. In the final analysis, 311 children were included. Seroprotection rates were lower in MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated children against PT and pneumococcal serotype 19A. After adjustment for prespecified factors, MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated infants had significantly higher antibody concentrations against tetanus (likely explained by a boosting effect of the carrier protein, a tetanus toxoid), while for the other vaccine antigens there was no difference in antibody concentrations between the two groups. MMR vaccination given at 12 months of age in a developed country does not significantly influence antibody concentrations to heterologous vaccines received in the first year of life.
Luminescence and electrical properties of Eu‐modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 multifunctional ceramics
Authors: Lun Mengmeng , Wang Wei , Xing Zhifeng , Wan Zhong , Wu Wanying , Song Hanzhao , Wang Yinzhen , Li Wei , Chu Benli , He Qinyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Eu3+‐modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics have been fabricated by the solid‐state reaction method. The impact of Eu3+ doping on the structure, photoluminescence, and electrical properties has been studied by XRD, SEM, PL spectra, and LCR meter. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal structure of the samples is well matched with the trigonal perovskite, and the optimal temperature of presintering is 880°C. The Eu3+‐doped BNT ceramics show excellent red fluorescence at 614 nm corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ under 466 nm excitation and relatively long fluorescence lifetime. The BNT‐0.02Eu ceramic density is up to 5.68 g/cm3 and the relative density is up to 94.6% with sintering temperature 1075°C. The piezoelectric constant (d33) of samples has been significantly improved up to 110 pC/N by Eu3+ doping. The BNT‐0.03Eu ceramic presintered at 880°C and sintered at 1050°C has good dielectric properties and excellent luminescence properties. Eu3+‐doped BNT ceramics make it potential applications for novel integrated electro‐optical and multifunctional devices.