bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study for UK general population paediatric type 1 diabetes screening—the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study
Authors: Quinn Lauren M. , Dias Renuka P. , Greenfield Sheila M. , Richter Alex G. , Garstang Joanna , Shukla David , Acharjee Animesh , Gkoutos Georgios , Oram Richard , Faustini Sian , Boiko Olga , Litchfield Ian , Boardman Felicity , Zakia Fatima , Burt Christine , Connop Clair , Lepley Amanda , Gardner Christine , Dayan Colin , Barrett Tim , Narendran Parth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThe EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune (ELSA) study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe aim to screen 20,000 children aged 3–13 years for islet‐specific autoantibodies through dried blood spot sample collection at home, hospital or community settings. Children with two or more autoantibodies are offered metabolic staging via oral glucose challenge testing. Feasibility assessments will compare recruitment modalities and uptake according to demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, level of deprivation and family history of diabetes) to determine optimal approaches for general population screening. The study is powered to identify 60 children (0.3%) with type 1 diabetes (stage 1–3). Parents are invited to qualitative interviews following ELSA completion (child screened negative or positive, single autoantibody or multiple, stage 1–3) to share their screening experience, strengths of the programme and any areas for improvement (acceptability assessments). Parents who decline screening or withdraw from participation are invited to interview to explore any concerns. Finally, we will interview professional stakeholders delivering the ELSA study to explore barriers and facilitators to implementation.ConclusionEarly detection of type 1 diabetes allows insulin treatment to be started sooner, avoids diagnosis as an emergency, gives families time to prepare and the opportunity to benefit from future prevention trials and treatments. ELSA will provide essential feasibility and acceptability assessments for UK general population screening to inform a future national screening programme for paediatric type 1 diabetes.
Advances in Multimodal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Yan Xiaobo , Meng Shuang , Wang Xin , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent complete (apneas) and partial (hypopneas) upper airway events, causing intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. It significantly impacts the cardiovascular system, increasing the morbidity and mortality associated with various complications. Therefore, employing appropriate echocardiographic methods to assess myocardial function in OSAS patients is crucial. It can facilitate early clinical intervention, enhance the quality of life, and potentially extend patients’ survival.
Early Intervention Programme for Young Adults in Northern Italy: A 10‐Year Analysis of Socio‐Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Pellegrino R. , Bonetto C. , Isaia P. , Barcella M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEarly intervention represents an opportunity to contain psychological distress and intervene promptly on conditions that, otherwise, could assume a chronic course. Based on these observations, an early intervention programme for people 18–25 years old, the ‘Progetto Giovani’ (Youth Project), was implemented in two adult mental health services (AMHSs) in the northwest of Italy.MethodsThis study aims to describe the socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients included in the Youth Project from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2022. A retrospective observational design was used.ResultsIn 10 years, 323 patients were taken into care. More than half (56.3%) were females; the mean age was 20.7 years (SD 2.3). The most frequent diagnosis was anxiety disorder (38%). Seventy per cent of subjects benefitted from psychological treatment, and 60.8% had a pharmacological prescription. In 87.8% of cases, the care pathway was ≤ 24 months, and more than two‐thirds of the subjects did not go to another AMHS after discharge. More than 90% of subjects did not require hospitalisation in the psychiatric diagnostic and treatment service.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that early intervention programmes may be a valuable tool for AMHSs to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.
Co‐Designing of Preventive Materials Between Dental Students and Primary School Teachers to Promote Oral Health: Impact on Professional Practices for French Dental Students
Authors: Jager Stephanie , Mortier Eric , Dinet Jerome 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis paper is aiming to present an experiment involving odontology students, teachers and pupils in elementary grades to investigate the potential benefits of co‐design activities to create preventive materials to promote oral health in schools.Materials and MethodsA total of, 110 fourth‐year students, 47 volunteers teachers and 698 pupils in Grades 1 and 2 participated in the study. This work led to the creation and distribution to teachers of appropriate tools on the dental health. We wanted to assess how the odontology students felt during this co‐design project. Each of them was asked to complete the same questionnaire twice, at the beginning and at the end of the project.ResultsOur results show that they consider that the children and their parents' knowledge of oral health is largely inadequate. Moreover, a large majority of them (75%) felt that their participation would have a positive impact on the children's future behaviour and on their own future professional practice.DiscussionThe students' participation in this experiment in co‐designing with teachers shows that offering odontology students a different kind of learning, along the lines of what is being done in the United Kingdom with service‐learning, can be beneficial both for them and for the end‐users.ConclusionThe participation of dental students in the specific educational training activity has a positive and significant impact of their mental representation and we can hope that the emergence of this paradigm of participatory design, also known as co‐creation, can lead to strong and lasting changes in health behaviours.
Influence of the vegetation restoration age on the soil detachment of root–soil composites on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Ma Jianye , Zhang Sijing , She Fangtao , Zhao Xiaofeng , Ma Bo , Li Haibo , Wang Chenguang , Shang Yongze , Li Zhanbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVegetation restoration processes significantly affect near‐surface characteristics, thus affecting soil detachment. Existing research has primarily focused on analysing soil detachment via root morphological parameters and soil physical and chemical properties. However, few studies have focused on analysing the variation in soil detachment with restoration age from a mechanical parameter perspective. Natural, undisturbed soil samples were collected from five grasslands restored for 1–22 years and from one bare plot (0 years of restoration, employed as the control). The collected samples were subjected to flow scouring in hydraulic flume experiments under six stream powers. The relationship between the soil detachment rate (SDR) and the mechanical parameters of the root–soil composites, namely root cohesion and soil shear strength (τ200), were quantified to reveal the mechanical mechanism underlying soil detachment during vegetation restoration. The results indicated that the SDR decreased, whereas root cohesion increased with increasing vegetation restoration age. The dominant factors influencing the SDR changed from hydrodynamics at the early restoration stage to the mechanical properties of the root–soil composites at the late stage. An SDR model with a high prediction accuracy (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.96 and R2 = 0.96) was developed based on mechanical parameters, and the fitting effect was greater than that of the SDR prediction model developed based on root morphological parameters and soil physical and chemical properties. This study aimed to analyse the SDR variation mechanism from the perspective of mechanics and could provide reference for the study of the erosion reduction effect of roots.
A Robust and Versatile Mating Function for Two‐Sex Population Projection Models Fitting all Types of Mating Systems
Authors: Cachelou Jessica , Coste Christophe , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Chassagneux Agathe , Richard Emmanuelle , Baubet Eric , Gamelon Marlène 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCommonly used two‐sex discrete‐time population projection models rely on mating functions developed for continuous‐time frameworks that overestimate the number of unions between reproductive individuals. This has important consequences for our understanding of the evolution and demography of two‐sex populations and consequently for management and conservation. Here, we propose a novel mating function that is robust by obeying all properties necessary to be ecologically valid and flexible by accommodating all mating systems and efficiency in mating encounters. We illustrate the usefulness of this novel function with an application to the sexually size‐dimorphic and polygynous wild boar (Sus scrofa). We show that the population growth rate depends on the harem size, the operational sex ratio, and the mating efficiency. This novel function can be applied to all mating systems and tactics and is highly relevant in the context of global changes under which mating systems and mating efficiency are expected to change.
Shifts in Plant Phenology Significantly Affect the Carbon Allocation in Different Plant Organs
Authors: Ren Peixin , Li Peng , Zhou Xiaolu , Liu Zelin , Tang Jiayi , Zhang Cicheng , Zou Ziying , Li Tong , Peng Changhui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEarlier start of the growing season (SGS) and delayed end of the growing season (EGS) affect plant carbon uptake. However, the effects of phenological changes on carbon allocation to different plant organs remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects and potential mechanisms of phenological changes on carbon allocation to different organs over the northern hemisphere (> 30° N). We found the earlier SGS facilitated allocating carbon to roots in warm areas, and delayed EGS benefited allocating carbon to roots in dry areas. Moreover, the effects of SGS and EGS on carbon accumulation in different organs significantly enhanced over time. Path analyses indicated that phenological changes contributed to root–stem ratio mainly by regulating the growing season length. Our findings further highlight that phenological changes alter plants' investment strategies in carbon allocation for above‐ and below‐ground parts, and considering this role is critical for accurately estimating the carbon budget in terrestrial ecosystems.
The Loss of Beneficial Thermal Priming on Global Coral Reefs
Authors: Li Xinru , Donner Simon D. , Martell Harmony A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWarm‐season marine heatwaves (MHWs) have greatly increased in frequency, severity, and extent over the last few decades, driving more frequent and severe coral bleaching episodes. Given the grave near‐term threat to coral reefs imposed by MHWs, it is important to assess the mechanisms by which corals may acquire higher thermal tolerance. Recent field and laboratory studies have demonstrated that exposure to sublethal heat stress, known as “priming,” can reduce bleaching susceptibility during a subsequent MHW. Little is known, however, about how often priming conditions occur, and how effective those conditions may be at protecting coral reefs. We employed a global historical coral bleaching database and a high‐resolution sea surface temperature dataset to assess the frequency of priming and examine its effect on coral bleaching sensitivity on a global scale. The analysis showed that coral reefs in parts of the western to central tropical Pacific experienced priming on average over twice a decade and had a higher likelihood of priming protection. Mixed‐effects regression models indicated that priming conditions could mitigate coral bleaching response by up to 12% in advance of a moderate MHW. However, the protective effect of priming decreased, and even became harmful, with more severe MHWs. We detected spatial variations in priming frequency that could provide insight for conservation planning and explain some variations in bleaching sensitivity to MHWs. Even so, our findings suggest that thermal priming will not be sufficient to protect most coral reefs from MHWs in the future, without substantial efforts to mitigate climate change.
Microbial Diversity Losses Constrain the Capacity of Soils to Mitigate Climate Change
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Jianlei , Shen Congcong , Zhou Guiyao , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Ge Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSoil microbes may adapt to climate warming, potentially reducing the warming‐induced increase in microbial carbon emissions such as carbon dioxide, and thereby helping to mitigate climate change. Yet, soil microbes are subjected to various global change stresses (e.g., warming, drought, flooding, and land‐use changes), altering their biodiversity, which challenges microbial adaptation to climate change. Here, we created microbial diversity gradients in microcosms at two different temperatures using soils from a 2000‐km field survey. We found that reduced microbial diversity weakens the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration and can further enhance the microbial respiratory temperature sensitivity over time. Our analyses further revealed that the negative impact of microbial diversity losses is linked to the decline of keystone microbial taxa, which can adapt to temperature changes and are crucial for the community's ability to compensate for the temperature‐driven effects on soil respiration in the long term. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the key role of microbial diversity in driving the thermal response of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting that any global change‐driven shifts in microbial diversity can have critical consequences for the future of carbon stocks.
Unravelling the Universal Spatial Properties of Coral Reefs
Authors: Giménez‐Romero Àlex , Matías Manuel A. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo characterise the size and geometry of coral reefs on a global scale.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedCoral reefs.MethodsWe process the Allen Coral Atlas database of shallow‐water tropical reefs to obtain a comprehensive and unprecedented inventory of coral reefs worldwide. We analyse different macroecological and morphological patterns, including size distribution, the area‐perimeter relationship, inter‐reef distance distribution, and the fractal dimension of individual reefs and coral provinces.ResultsWe identified a total of 1,579,772 individual reefs worldwide (> 1000 m2), extending over a total of 52,423 km2 of ocean area with mean and median sizes of 3.32 and 0.3 ha, respectively. We unravelled three universal laws that are common to all coral reef provinces: the size‐frequency distribution and the inter‐reef distance distribution follow power laws with an exponent of 1.8 and 2.33, respectively. At the same time, the area‐perimeter relationship conforms to a power‐law with an exponent of 1.26. Furthermore, we demonstrate that coral reefs develop fractal patterns characterised by a perimeter fractal dimension of and a surface fractal dimension of . Our analysis suggests that coral reefs tend to evolve from simple rounded filled shapes to more complex, elongated and less compact forms, developing into fractal structures with a consistent surface fractal dimension and an increasing perimeter fractal dimension as they grow.Main ConclusionsCoral reefs display intricate fractal‐like geometries and exhibit universal macroecological patterns, largely independent of their geographical location. The universality of the observed patterns suggests that these features possibly stem from the highly conserved interactions of biological, physical and chemical processes. Over geological scales, these processes lead to reef landscape patterns common among all provinces, providing new information relevant to reef growth modelling.
Presence of Gut Microbiota Worsens D‐Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice
Authors: Ohshima Kazuma , Torii Satoru , Shimizu Shigeomi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcute liver failure is a serious, life‐threatening disease. Although the gut microbiota has been considered to play a role in liver failure, the extent to which it is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, we here analyzed the importance of the presence of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury, using D‐galactosamine (D‐GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated mice, which is a widely used experimental model of acute liver injury. First, administration of the antibiotic polymyxin B markedly alleviated liver injury. Liver injury was also reduced in germ‐free mice, leading to the conclusion that the presence of intestinal microbiota aggravates D‐GalN/LPS‐induced liver injury. The amount of bacteria and LPS transferred from the gut to the blood was not increased by D‐GalN/LPS, suggesting that the worsening of liver injury was not simply owing to the entry of bacteria into the circulation. In conclusion, acute liver injury in polymyxin B‐pretreated or germ‐free mice was ameliorated by modulation of the gut microbiota. Modification of the gut microbiota using polymyxin B may hence have the potential to alleviate acute liver injury in human patients.
White matter hyperintensities and headache in United States military veterans with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mangold Kiersten I. , Katta Tapasya , Do Vu , Moore R. Davis , Lin Chen , Androulakis X. Michelle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the association between white matter hyperintensities and migraine‐like headache in United States military veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be associated with migraine; however, little is currently known about the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and headache following mild traumatic brain injury in military veterans.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consisted of a retrospective chart review of veterans from a Southeastern Department of Veterans Affairs polytrauma clinic who had a verified history of mild traumatic brain injury. Participants were included if they had undergone an MRI of the brain. Images were reviewed for the presence and severity of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities. Headache and migraine‐like headache were defined based on responses from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.ResultsThis cohort included 83 veterans, mostly consisting of males (78/83 [94%]) with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 36 (13) years, who were a median (IQR) of 9 (8) years since their most recent mild traumatic brain injury. Most of the veterans reported experiencing migraine‐like headache (67/83 [81%]). Periventricular white matter hyperintensities were identified on MRI among 35% (29/83) of the cohort, and deep white matter hyperintensities were identified on MRI of 25% (21/83) of the cohort. There was no association between the odds of displaying white matter hyperintensities and the presence of migraine‐like headache (periventricular: unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–10.6; deep white matter: OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.208–2.29; all p > 0.05), nor headache severity (periventricular: moderate headache OR 2.92, 95% CI 0.67–12.8; severe headache OR 3.11, 95% CI 0.77–12.6; deep white matter: moderate headache OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.358–5.8; severe headache OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.246–3.62; all p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that neither migraine‐like headache nor severity of headache is associated with increased prevalence of white matter hyperintensities in veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.
Secondary nummular headache: Are they more common than we thought?
Authors: Sánchez‐Soblechero Antonio , Luque‐Buzo Elisa , Lozano‐Ros Alberto , Guillem Amparo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a detailed description of symptomatic nummular headache (NH) and to compare them with primary cases in a large series.BackgroundWhile most published cases of NH are primary headache, some ‘secondary’ cases have been reported since its initial description. It remains uncertain why identical clinical presentations can result from primary and ‘secondary’ etiologies. Thanks to the possibility of offering specific treatments for symptomatic NH, it is crucial to be able to distinguish between them effectively.MethodsThis monocentric retrospective study included a cohort of patients diagnosed with NH according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Second (ICHD‐2) and Third Editions (ICHD‐3), and the Pareja et al. first description, over a 20‐year period (2002 to 2022). Established ICHD‐3 diagnoses were used for each symptomatic case. Causality was attributed if (i) headache had developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms and/or clinical signs, or had led to its diagnosis, and (ii) either the headache had significantly worsened in parallel with other symptoms or clinical or radiological signs of worsening of the underlying disease, or the headache had resolved after treatment of the presumed causative disorder. Symptomatic NH were divided into two groups: “definite” or “probable.” A comparison between the “primary” and “secondary” groups is presented.ResultsA total of 131 patients (88, 67.2% females) were included in the study. The median (interquartile range) age at onset of symptoms was 52 (36–63.2) years. In all, 34 patients (25.9%) were diagnosed as symptomatic NH (nine post‐traumatic, seven attributed to a disorder of the cranial bones, six due to intracranial neoplasia, five attributed to arachnoid cysts, three attributed to vascular malformations, two due to cutaneous disturbances, and two attributed to hypertension). Eight patients were classified as “definite symptomatic NH” and 26 as “probable symptomatic NH.” Neuroimaging was performed in all cases. Any previous headache (52.9% vs. 29.9%; p = 0.016), a remote head trauma (26.5% vs. 9.3%; p = 0.015), and a longer disease duration (18 vs. 12 months; p = 0.036) were more likely in patients with symptomatic NH. Preventive treatment was more effective (achieved >50% reduction in monthly headache days) in patients with symptomatic NH (72.2% vs. 30.3%; p = 0.002) due to a cause‐specific treatment.ConclusionSymptomatic NH are frequent. The presence of any previous headache or remote head trauma may suggest a diagnosis of symptomatic NH; however, as certain NH might be an early symptom of intracranial mass lesions, neuroimaging is necessary. Finding the cause of NH is essential to offer the most effective targeted treatment.