bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐based engineered nanocomposite foam with enhanced mechanical and thermal barrier properties
Authors: Kadam H. , Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh S. , Malik N. , Ghosh S. B. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBio‐based polyurethane (PU) foams were developed from bio‐polyol (castor oil‐based) in the presence of selective catalyst, surfactant, and blowing agent. Bentonite nanoclay (NC) was incorporated into the bio‐polyol mixture as nano‐reinforcement, while, triethyl phosphate was used as flame‐retardant agent. After fabrication, these bioengineered foam nano‐composites were studied for microstructural, mechanical and thermal characterizations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of characteristic functionalities within biopolyol segments, which was influenced by reactant activity within the polyurethane (PU) foams. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the cellular morphology of the foam. Thermogravimetric analysis enabled the study of foam decomposition behavior for different sample compositions. Incorporation of NC into pristine foam was found to delay the onset degradation temperature. Flammability studies depicted significant enhancement of flame retardancy with incorporation of NC up to a certain loading level. Compression tests demonstrated that significant improvement of compressive strength properties of foams could be achieved by incorporating bentonite nanoclay, owing to nucleation effect of nanoclay and corresponding enhanced structural integrity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47063.
Crosslinking behaviors and mechanical properties of curable PDMS and PEG films with various contents of glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Kim N. H. , Yoon S. , Jung K. I. , Lee D. G. , Bang J. , Jung H. W. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe real‐time curing behaviors and surface mechanical properties of two curable systems, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) films containing different portions of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), were investigated via various measurements for potential application as anti‐fouling coatings. In these mixtures, methacryloxypropyl‐terminated PDMS and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate were used as the difunctional crosslinkers, and GMA was employed as the epoxy component. During the coating process, UV irradiation generated network structures for both mixtures (PDMS‐GMA and PEG‐GMA), while they exhibited the different evolution of the elastic modulus with respect to the GMA content. It was found that a small portion of the crosslinkers formed at early stage has a dominant contribution to the overall film properties, leading to a small swelling ratio and large gel fraction. The indentation and scratch mechanical properties of the cured films were qualitatively well linked with the real‐time rheological data for the curable mixtures acquired during the curing process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47088.
Cellular morphology evolution of chain extended poly(butylene succinate)/organic montmorillonite nanocomposite foam
Authors: Zhou H. , Song J. , Ding X. , Qu Z. , Wang X. , Mi J. , Wang J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPolymer foam with complex cellular structure (CCS) possessing both large cell and small cell simultaneously has lower density as well as better mechanical and thermal properties than those with mono‐porous cell structure, which could be applied in the fields of packaging and construction materials. In this article, organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into chain‐extended poly(butylene succinate) (CPBS) through melt blending method. CCS in the resultant CPBS samples were generated in a stainless steel autoclave using supercritical CO2 as physical blowing agent by a cooling and two‐step depressurization method. The crystallization temperature and crystallinity of CPBS increased by 4 °C and 2% respectively, due to the introduction of OMMT. Exfoliated structure of OMMT and some fish scale‐like OMMT were observed in the CPBS/OMMT nanocomposites. The optimum range of the first depressurization between 1 and 7 MPa for fabricating the CCS in the CPBS foams with different contents of OMMT was obtained. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47107
Effective modeling and optimization of PVDF–PTFE electrospinning parameters and membrane distillation process by response surface methodology
Authors: Li J. , Xu S. , Hassan M. , Shao J. , Ren L.‐F. , He Y. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPloy(vinylidene fluoride)–polytetrafluoroethylene nanofibrous membrane fabrication and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process were simulated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance was applied to develop and verify the models that predict the objectives. The three‐dimensional response surfaces of different objectives were obtained. Results showed that the membrane with thickness of 70.7 μm, contact angle of 146.2°, and liquid entry pressure of 53.5 kPa was obtained within investigated experimental range under the optimum electrospinning conditions. Rejection rate of 99.99% and the permeate flux of 67.5 kg m−2 h−1 were gained under the optimum membrane distillation (MD) process parameters. The actual and predicted values show good consistency verifying the accuracy of the models. In addition, an overall investigation of the influence of heat‐press temperature on the morphological and mechanical properties of electrospun membrane was carried out. Results indicated that electrospinning process and MD performance can be enhanced after the corresponding variables were optimized by RSM. This study provides a scientific way to optimize the electrospinning and DCMD parameters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47125.
Surface modification of magnesium hydroxide and its application in flame‐retardant oil‐extended styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene/polypropylene composites
Authors: Liu Lubin , Xu Miaojun , Hu Yumeng , Xu Yue , Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMagnesium hydroxide (MH) was modified with triethoxysilane and polymethyl–vinyl silicone rubber and used to prepare flame‐retardant oil‐extended styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene (O‐SEBS)–polypropylene (PP) composites. The water contact angle of modified magnesium hydroxide (MMH) reached 141°; this indicated that MMH possessed excellent hydrophobic properties. The samples (1.6 mm) passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating during vertical burning tests when the loading amount of MH or MMH was 70 wt %. This indicated the modification did not decrease the flame‐retardant properties of MH. The tensile strength and elongation at break values of the MMH–O‐SEBS–PP composites increased by 20.4 and 88.9%, respectively, compared with those of the MH–O‐SEBS–PP composites. The modification of MH enhanced the interfacial compatibility between the flame retardant and the matrix; thus, the mechanical performance was enhanced. Moreover, MMH was scarcely extracted after water treatment for 168 h at 70 °C. As a result, the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the MMH–O‐SEBS–PP composites were well maintained after the water treatment. The modification of the MH endowed the O‐SEBS–PP composites with an excellent compatibility and water‐resistant performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47129.
Listening to the unseen: Passive acoustic monitoring reveals the presence of a cryptic fish species
Authors: Picciulin Marta , Kéver Loïc , Parmentier Eric , Bolgan Marta 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rare and cryptic fish species such as the cusk‐eel Ophidion rochei (Műller, 1845) (Ophidiiformes), an endemic sand‐dwelling Mediterranean fish, are likely to go undetected by traditional non‐invasive monitoring techniques commonly used to survey biodiversity.
Although the cusk‐eel is distributed along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, no study to date has reported its presence along the north‐western coastline.
Despite this, passive acoustic monitoring carried out during summer 2009 at the WWF‐Miramare Marine Protected Area, located on the northernmost shore of the Adriatic Sea (Trieste Gulf, Italy), revealed loud sounds with characteristics similar to those of O. rochei.
The sounds were long trains of low‐frequency pulses, showing the typical and unique pulse period alternation pattern of O. rochei adult male reproductive calls. The consistency of these peculiar call features indicates that O. rochei is present in the marine protected area, where it is likely to reproduce. The results are further discussed in light of the occasional presence of the congeneric snake blenny Ophidion barbatum (Linnaeus, 1975).
This is the first reported case in which passive acoustic monitoring enabled the identification of a cryptic fish species in a marine protected area where visual census surveys of the fish fauna, carried out for decades on a monthly basis, failed to detect the presence of this species.
Passive acoustic monitoring is a powerful tool for both conservation and fishery science that should be coupled with visual surveys in order to improve the resolution of fish biodiversity assessments.
Gene pool and connectivity patterns of Pinna nobilis in the Balearic Islands (Spain, Western Mediterranean Sea): Implications for its conservation through restocking
Authors: González‐Wangüemert Mercedes , Basso Lorena , Balau Ana , Costa Joana , Renault Lionel , Serrão Ester A. , Duarte Carlos M. , Hendriks Iris E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Pinna nobilis is an endemic bivalve of the Mediterranean Sea, and a vulnerable species registered as endangered and protected under the European Council Directive 92/43/EEC and Barcelona Convention.
In early autumn 2016, a mass mortality event impacted P. nobilis populations in the south‐western Mediterranean Sea, including the Balearic Islands. At the time of this study, P. nobilis still maintained high population densities along the Balearic coasts (Western Mediterranean).
This study evaluated the connectivity of P. nobilis post‐larvae and adults in seagrass habitats around the Balearic Islands and identified its source and sink populations. These objectives were reached through a multidisciplinary approach including population genetics (10 microsatellites) and hydrodynamic modelling.
High genetic diversity was found and significant genetic differentiation (inferred by fixation index FST) was detected between post‐larvae samples, but not between adult populations. Significant genic and genotypic differentiation was recorded for adults and post‐larvae.
This pattern was confirmed by correspondence analysis using allele frequencies. The genetic connectivity pattern was consistent with marine currents and dispersal models.
This work not only improves knowledge of the P. nobilis gene pool in south‐west Mediterranean populations and their connectivity patterns, but is also crucial to help evaluate the possibility of recovery from source populations and the possibility of restocking programmes, as well as provide a solid base to establish effective marine reserve networks.
Distribution of Pacini‐Like Lamellar Corpuscles in the Vascular Sheath of the Femoral Artery
Authors: Morishita Saeko , Sai Kaei , Maeda Seishi , Kuwahara‐Otani Sachi , Minato Yusuke , Yagi Hideshi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPacinian corpuscles are vibration‐sensing mechanoreceptors that are densely distributed in the dermis of the human hand. Although they are also known to occur in various other regions/structures throughout the human body, including the adventitia of large vessels, their precise distribution and function in arteries remain unclear. In the present study, we identified Pacini‐like lamellar corpuscles (LCs) adjacent to the femoral artery, and investigated their distribution with respect to that structure via a histological analysis. We identified nine LCs that were localized in the connective tissue surrounding the femoral artery and vein. We showed that although their distribution was heterogeneous, they were predominantly concentrated on the dorsal side of the femoral artery. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the identified femoral artery LCs exhibited features characteristic of typical LCs located in the dermis of the index finger. Thus, the results of the present study contribute to an improved understanding of the function of femoral artery LCs. Anat Rec, 301:1809–1814, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sacroiliac Joint Ankylosis in Young Spondyloarthritis Patients Receiving Biologic Therapy: Observation of Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans
Authors: Bray Timothy J. P. , Lopes Andre , Fisher Corinne , Ciurtin Coziana , Sen Debajit , Hall‐Craggs Margaret A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the temporal relationship between initiating biologic therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores of inflammation and structural damage in young patients with spondyloarthritis.MethodsA local adolescent/young adult patient rheumatology database was searched for patients ages 12–24 years who had evidence of sacroiliitis on MRI and a clinical diagnosis of enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) with axial involvement or nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy who had undergone a minimum of 1 MRI scan before and 2 MRI scans after starting TNFi therapy (over ≥2 years) were included. Images of the sacroiliac joints were scored for inflammation and structural abnormalities (including erosions, fat metaplasia, and fusion). The effects of TNFi therapy and of time since initiation of TNFi therapy on inflammation and structural abnormalities were assessed using a mixed‐effects regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (ages 12–23 years) with ERA or nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis who underwent TNFi therapy were included. Inflammation scores were significantly lower in patients receiving TNFi treatment (P = 0.013), but there was no significant effect of time from TNFi initiation on inflammation (P = 0.125). Conversely, there was no significant effect of active TNFi treatment on fusion scores (P = 0.308), but fusion scores significantly increased with time from TNFi initiation (P < 0.001); a similar positive relationship between time since biologic start and fat metaplasia scores was observed.ConclusionTNFi therapy failed to prevent the eventual development of joint ankylosis in this cohort of young patients with spondyloarthritis, despite a substantial reduction in inflammation with TNFi therapy.
Reproduktionstoxikologie
Authors: Viertel Bruno 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungReproduktionstoxikologische Prüfungen gehören zum festen Programm der Arzneimittelentwicklung. In drei Versuchsabschnitten (Prüfung der Fertilität bis zur Einnistung der befruchteten Eizellen an der Ratte; Prüfung der embryo‐fötalen Toxizität an Ratte und Kaninchen; Prüfung der prä‐ und postnatalen Entwicklung einschließlich der maternalen Funktion an der Ratte) wird der mögliche Einfluss von Arzneimittelkandidaten auf die Fortpflanzung der Versuchstiere geprüft. Die Problematik der Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf den Menschen besteht, wird aber durch möglichst hoch dosierte Arzneimittelgaben und die detaillierte Kenntnis der Labortiere reduziert. Hinzu kommen Monitoringstudien und Datenbanken, die die Normalentwicklung der Labortiere repräsentieren. Die Prüfungen geben Anhaltspunkte zur Festlegung einer sicheren humantherapeutischen Dosis und des toxischen Profils des Arzneimittels. Die Häufigkeit der Medikamenteneinnahme sowie die Schwere des Krankheitsbildes gehen in die Risikobewertung mit ein.
Fortpflanzungsbiologie und Ursprung der Säugetiere
Authors: Maier Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungAlle neugeborenen Säugetiere sind auf intensive Brutpflege durch das Muttertier angewiesen; das gilt auch für die Schlüpflinge der eierlegenden Säugetiere (Monotremata). Die wichtigste Komponente dieser Brutpflege ist die Ernährung mit Muttermilch. Dieses Nährsekret muss von den Jungtieren aktiv eingesaugt werden. Die strukturellen und funktionellen Anpassungen an das Saugen und Schlucken von Milch werden bei den extrem unreifen (altricialen) Neonaten der Marsupialier besonders deutlich. Im späteren Lebensalter baut der Kauapparat strukturell und funktionell auf den früheren Sauganpassungen auf. Es wird hier daher die These vertreten, dass diese ontogenetische Abfolge auch phylogenetisch gegolten hat, dass hier also ein Beispiel für die biogenetische Rekapitulation im Sinne von Ernst Haeckel vorliegt. Bei fossilien Therapsiden kann aus der Bildung des sekundären Gaumens und der sekundären Schädelseitenwand, die bisher zumeist im Zusammenhang mit der Evolution des Kauapparats interpretiert worden sind, indirekt auf den evolutiv wichtigen Komplex der Reproduktionsbiologie geschlossen werden.
Fluorescence Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease with a Flat Ensemble Formed between a Quinoline–Malononitrile AIEgen and Thin‐Layer Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Dou Wei‐Tao , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Li Qiang , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Weihong , Chen Guo‐Rong , Zhang Hai‐Yan , He Xiao‐Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe sensitive imaging of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides is important for the timely detection of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although clinically the diagnosis of AD relies on the use of radiolabeled imaging reagents, herein we report the simple construction of a “flat ensemble” formed between a quinoline–malononitrile AIEgen (EDS) and thin‐layer molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) for the sensitive detection of Aβ by means of fluorescence‐based techniques. Self‐assembly between EDS and 2D MoS2 in aqueous buffer solution produces the flat ensemble, and the subsequent interaction of the material ensemble with oligomeric and aggregated Aβ peptides leads to up to 19‐fold enhanced fluorescence of EDS. The ensemble is also applicable for staining Aβ aggregates in vivo.
Versatility in the Brook Rearrangement for the Selective Ring‐Opening of Three‐Membered Rings
Authors: Tugny Coralie , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Marek Ilan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom a single α‐silylated carbinol intermediate, easily accessible by carbometallation of cyclopropenes, various scaffolds featuring a quaternary carbon stereocenter could be obtained selectively. The selectivity towards these different products was achieved by either changing the experimental conditions or the nature of the organometallic species involved.
Efficient access to both enantiomers of 3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenol by regioselective and enantioselective CAL‐B–catalyzed hydrolysis of diacetate in organic media by sodium carbonate
Authors: Braia Nabila , Merabet‐Khelassi Mounia , Aribi‐Zouioueche Louisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present paper, we describe several pathways employing immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica B (CAL‐B) as biocatalyst to prepare easily both enantiomers of 3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenol. We have applied hydrolysis with Na2CO3 in organic media under mild conditions. The reaction parameters solvent effect, amount of lipase, and Na2CO3 were examined with 3‐(1‐acetoxyethyl)phenyl acetate as substrate. In alkaline hydrolysis, (R)‐3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenol was obtained with ee = 99% and (S)‐(−)‐3‐(1‐acetoxyethyl)phenol with ee = 98% at optimal conversion (c = 50%) and high selectivity (E > 200). Two other deacylation reactions were compared: alcoholysis with MeOH and with NEt3. The acylation of 3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenol with vinyl acetate was also examined. Alkaline hydrolysis gave the best results, while good regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were observed in alcoholysis and acylation reactions. Finally, (S)‐ and (R)‐3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenol (ee > 98%), key intermediates for the synthesis of important drugs, were prepared from the corresponding racemic diacetate through alkaline hydrolysis.
Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ventricular tachycardia? A retrospective study from the National Inpatient Sample and a literature review on the pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Salama Amr , Abdullah Abdullah , Wahab Abdul , Eigbire George , Hoefen Ryan , Kouides Ruth , Ritter Nathan , Mieszczanska Hanna , Alweis Richard 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known independent risk factor for a multiple cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. The association of OSA and ventricular arrhythmias is less well understood. The aim of this analysis is to study the relationship between OSA and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.HypothesisOSA is associated with increased ventricular arrhythmias.MethodsData from the national inpatient sample (NIS) 2012 to 2014, were reviewed. Discharges associated with OSA were identified as the target population using the relevant ICD‐9‐CM codes. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the OSA population. Secondary outcomes include the rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiac arrest. Multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association of VT with multiple potential confounding clinical variables.ResultsOf 18 013 878 health encounters, 943 978 subjects (5.24%) had a diagnosis of OSA. VT and VF were more prevalent among patients with OSA compared to those without a diagnosis of OSA (2.24% vs 1.16%; P < 0.001 and 0.3% vs 0.2%; P < 0.001, respectively). Odds ratio for cardiac arrest in OSA group was not statistically significant (1, 95% confidence interval 0.97‐1.02, P < 0.76). In unadjusted analyses, all examined comorbidities were significantly more common in those with OSA, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure.ConclusionOSA is associated with increased rates of ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
A comparison of the influence of three different lumbar interbody fusion approaches on stress in the pedicle screw fixation system: Finite element static and vibration analyses
Authors: Fan Wei , Guo Li‐Xin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to examine breakage risk of the bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) fixation system under static and vibration loadings after three different types of lumbar interbody fusion surgery. A previously validated intact L1‐sacrum finite element model was modified to simulate anterior, posterior, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF, PLIF, and TLIF, respectively) with BPS fixation system (consisting of pedicle screws and rigid connecting rods) at L4‐L5. As a risk parameter for breakage, the von Mises stresses in the pedicle screws and the rods for the ALIF, PLIF, and TLIF models under static loading (flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion moments) and vibration loading (sinusoidal vertical load) were calculated and compared. The calculated von Mises stresses were different in the ALIF, PLIF, and TLIF models, but these stresses for all the fusion models were found to be concentrated in neck of the pedicle screw and middle of the rod under both the static and vibration loadings. The results from static analyses showed that the maximum stress in the BPS fixation system was greater in the TLIF model than in the ALIF and PLIF models under all the applied static loadings. The results from transient dynamic analyses also showed that the TLIF generated greater dynamic responses of the stress in the BPS fixation system to the vertical vibration compared with the ALIF and PLIF. It implies that the TLIF procedure might incur a higher risk of breakage for the BPS fixation system than the ALIF and PLIF procedures.