bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic challenges for pelvic reconstruction with custom three-dimensional-printed titanium implants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chua Alfred WY , Chua Matthew J , Kam Peter CA , Broekhuis Demien , Karunaratne Sascha , Stalley Paul D 
Published: August 2019

Custom 3D printed titanium implant pelvic reconstructive surgery was implemented as a novel technique at our institutions in the last five years. It provided an option for pelvic bone malignancy patients who were previously deemed unsuitable for re-implantation of irradiated resected bone segments, as well as in revision total hip arthroplasty associated with excessive acetabular bone loss. A retrospective cohort study of the anaesthetic management of patients who underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery using custom 3D printed titanium implants from August 2013 to July 2018 was conducted. Twenty-seven patients were included in the study; 23 patients completed single-stage procedures with a mean (standard deviation) duration of surgery of 7.5 (3.3) hours (median 6.8, range 3.0–15.8 hours), and mean intraoperative blood loss of 5400 (3100) mL (median 6000, range 1400–10,000 mL). Surgery involving the sacrum ( n = 7) was associated with longer intensive care stay, longer total length of hospital stay and, in three cases, unplanned two-stage procedures. The twenty procedures not involving the sacrum were successfully completed in a single stage. The major anaesthetic challenges included massive blood loss, prolonged surgery, interventions to prevent calf compartment syndrome, and perioperative thromboembolism. Preoperative pelvic radiotherapy, malignant tumours, and procedures involving the sacrum were associated with massive intraoperative blood loss and more prolonged surgery.
Are Moderate and Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity Associated With Musculoskeletal Pain? A Cross-Sectional Study Among 981 Physical Therapists
Authors: Ezzatvar Y. , Calatayud J. , Andersen L.L. , Casaña J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Musculoskeletal pain (MP) is common among workers, especially for health-care professionals. Paradoxically, many of those rehabilitating patients for pain—that is, physical therapists (PTs)—also have pain. Adequate levels of physical activity are recommended for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health. However, the association between physical activity and MP among PTs remains unknown. This study aims to determine the association between moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity levels and MP in PTs. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Workplace. Participants: Nine hundred eighty-one PTs. Measures: Data on MP and leisure-time physical activity were collected using an online survey. Analysis: The odds for having lower level of MP as a function of physical activity were estimated using binary logistic regression controlled for various confounders. Results: Performing ≥75 min/week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity increased the odds of experiencing lower levels of neck–shoulder pain (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.94). No association was found neither between vigorous nor between moderate leisure-time physical activity and MP in the arm-hand or back. Conclusion: Performing ≥75 min/week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity is associated with lower levels of MP in neck and shoulders among PTs. No associations were found between vigorous or moderate leisure-time physical activity and MP in arm-hand and back.
City Profile: Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Javed Nasir , Qureshi Nadia N. 
Published: August 2019

The urban scape of Faisalabad is shaped by factors that have affected the urban story of Pakistan in general, and that of the city in particular. At the national level, these include the development of the irrigation system in the late nineteenth century, followed by partition of India and the mass migration of over a million people into the new country, industrialization in the 1960s, Indo-Pak and Afghan wars, massive natural disasters (floods and earthquakes) and the war on terrorism in Afghanistan; each of these events coupled with the natural increase in population and rural to urban migration have led to irreversible migration of people into the cities of Pakistan. Against this background, Faisalabad’s centrality in location and nearness to various transport nodes have given rise to several unprecedented challenges not only in the form of unplanned sprawl but also in the form of shortage of water, housing and sanitation facilities. This profile examines the unique challenges and opportunities that are city specific as well as those that afflict other similar cities in Pakistan or any city in the developing world. This discussion is expected to help draw lessons and provide solutions to manage cities. The profile also examines the city’s unique features and comparative advantages, to assess its potential for future growth, so that Faisalabad is equipped to compete with other large cities in Pakistan and also within the region.
ADHD-Related Mental Health Issues of Young Adult Male Prisoners in Pravieniškės Correction House-Open Colony (Lithuania)
Authors: Kuzmickaitė Jūratė , Leskauskas Darius , Gylytė Ona 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate mental health issues related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adult male prisoners. The study was performed in the Pravieniškės Correction House-Open Prison Colony and represents the first study on adult ADHD in Lithuania. The sample consisted of 100 young males imprisoned for mild to moderate crimes. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Adult Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS v1.1) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) self-rating scales. Related mental health issues were evaluated using the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, and data from both medical files and offenses-incentives lists. Clinically significant ADHD symptoms were found in 17% of the respondents. Prisoners with ADHD were younger and had shorter incentives lists. Personality traits of negative affect, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism with increased personality dysfunction were more prevalent in the respondents with ADHD. Medical files of prisoners with ADHD more frequently included data on substance abuse, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychopharmacological treatment. None of the respondents had been diagnosed or treated for this disorder. Clinically significant ADHD symptoms were highly prevalent among imprisoned males, but ADHD was not diagnosed or treated correctly. These findings show that the problem of ADHD in young male adults with increased risk for criminal behavior needs recognition by the politicians and professionals responsible for health care in Lithuania in order to better care for prisoners with this psychopathology.
Enhancing ethics review of social and behavioral research: developing a review template in Ethiopia
Authors: Wassie Liya , Gebre-Mariam Senkenesh , Tarekegne Geremew , Rennie Stuart 
Published: August 2019

Background: Africa is increasingly becoming an important region for health research, mainly due to its heavy burden of disease, socioeconomic challenges, and inadequate health facilities. Regulatory capacities, in terms of ethical review processes, are also generally weak. The ethical assessment of social and behavioral research is relatively neglected compared to the review of biomedical and clinical studies, which led us to develop an ethics review assessment tool for use in the review of social and behavioral research in Ethiopia, which could potentially be of value in low- and middle-income settings. Methods: Initially, we did a comprehensive literature review on principles, guidelines, and practices of research ethics, on social and behavioral studies, from which we extracted query terms to explore the opinions of selected key informants and focus groups in Ethiopia. The discussants and informants were selected using a convenience sampling method to evaluate an ethics review template, which integrated issues that commonly arise in social and behavioral studies. Finally, we directly solicited opinions from the discussants about the desirability, feasibility, acceptability, and relevance of the ethics review assessment tool and used the resulting data to refine our initial draft. Results and conclusion: Although the same basic ethics principles govern all research studies, social and behavioral research have some disciplinary particularities that may require reviewers to exercise a different orientation of ethical attention in some cases. Using a qualitative approach, we developed a review assessment tool that could potentially be useful to raise awareness, focus attention, and strengthen the review of social and behavioral studies by ethics review committees, particularly in settings without a long-standing tradition of reviewing such research. This process also exposed some areas where further capacity building and discussion of ethical issues may be necessary among stakeholders in the review of social and behavioral research.
Cystic Fibrosis: The Sense of Smell
Authors: Di Lullo Antonella M. , Iacotucci Paola , Comegna Marika , Amato Felice , Dolce Pasquale , Castaldo Giuseppe , Cantone Elena , Carnovale Vincenzo , Iengo Maurizio 
Published: August 2019

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that involves the upper airways with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) causing nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, mouth breathing, facial pain, and olfactory dysfunction. Twelve percent to 71% of CF patients report smelling alterations with an impact on nutrition and quality of life. Objectives The goal was to study olfaction performance in CF patients with CRS that worsens quality of life. Methods A total of 121 subjects were enrolled in this study. Seventy-one had CF and underwent ear, nose, and throat evaluation with nasal endoscopy, sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22), visual analog scale (VAS), and “Sniffin’ Sticks.” Fifty subjects were age-matched with healthy controls. Results All 71 CF patients were affected by CRS; 59 of 71 (83.1%) had CRS without nasal polyps and 12 of 71 (16.9%) had CRS with early nasal polyps. None of the 50 controls had CRS. Total SNOTT-22 mean values in the 71 CF patients were 38.10 ± 21.08 points. If considering only the 59 CF patients without nasal polyps, the SNOTT-22 mean value was 36.76 ± 21.52 points. Moreover, based on the VAS scores, the degree of nasal symptoms was classified as mild for facial pain, smell alteration, nasal discharge, and sneezing and resulted in moderate symptoms for nasal blockage and headache. Among the CF patients, 55 of 71 (76.5%) declared to be normosmic, while the smelling ability assessed by “Sniffin’ Sticks” showed that only 4 of 71 (5.63%) were normosmic, 58 (81.69%) were hyposmic, and 9 (12.68%) were anosmic. In the controls, 41(82%) were normosmic, 9 (18%) were hyposmic, and none were reported to be anosmic ( P < .001). Conclusions We confirm that most CF patients have a relevant olfactory impairment, although only a low percentage declares such alteration. A careful evaluation with simple and rapid tests helps to select the patients who may benefit from specific therapies.
A Survey of High- and Low-Energy Acetabular Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Dyskin Evgeny , Hill Brian W. , Torchia Michael T. , Cole Peter A. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Geriatric patients represent 14% of acetabular fractures and are the fastest growing subset of patients affected by this injury in the US. Treatment outcomes have been reported as inferior to those achieved in younger patients after high-energy (HE) acetabular trauma. This study aimed to compare detailed demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes in elderly patients (≥65 years of age) treated in a tertiary North American trauma center for acetabular fractures after both high- and low-energy mechanisms of injury. Methods: Patients (≥65 years of age) diagnosed with an acetabular fracture were identified over a 7-year period. Patient and injury characteristics were extracted from our institutional trauma database. Length of stay, intervention, operative details, disposition, complications, readmissions, and mortality were analyzed. Results: One hundred nine patients were identified for inclusion. Low-energy mechanisms (simple falls) were found in 64 (58.7%) and HE mechanisms in 45 (41.3%) patients. The HE cohort was younger (74.6 vs 80.7 years; P < .001), had a higher male predominance (76% vs 56%; P = .10), a lower Charlson comorbidity index (1.29 ± 1.49 vs 2.16 ± 1.76; P = .01), and a higher injury severity score (19.90 ± 15.33 vs 6.46 ± 3.57; P < .001). Fracture patterns, described according to the Letournel-Judet classification, were similar between the 2 groups. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in the HE group (26.7% vs 3.1%; P < .001); however, the 1-year mortality rates were not statistically different (31.1% vs 25.0%; P = .20). Discussion: Patients with acetabular fractures sustained due to HE accidents demonstrate significantly higher 30-day mortality rate than patients with low-energy fractures, but similar mortality 1 year after the injury, despite having a much lower mean age and fewer comorbidities. Conclusion: Medical efforts made during initial hospital admission may have the biggest impact on survivorship following acetabular fracture.
Does Projection Artifact Removal Improve Visualization of Images in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography?
Authors: Juncal Verena R. , Abadeh Armin , Koushan Keyvan , Berger Alan R. , Chow David R. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: This study assesses the frequency of projection artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en face images and compares images before and after applying a 3-dimensional projection artifact removal (3D-PAR) algorithm. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included consecutive patients with any underlying diagnosis who had OCTA obtained from January to March 2017. Patients with various retinal diseases and also healthy eyes were included. All participants underwent imaging with a scan area of 3 mm × 3 mm. The 4 default en face slabs were analyzed: superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), and choriocapillaris (CC). Images were qualitatively analyzed before and after 3D-PAR by 2 independent graders. Results: None of the SCP images had projection artifact before or after 3D-PAR. Scans of the DCP presented projection artifact in 96.5% of the cases. After 3D-PAR, 14.7% had a complete improvement of projection artifact, 56.5% had a partial improvement, 14.1% were worse, and 14.7% presented no change. In the OR, 2.9% had projection artifact, with a complete improvement after 3D-PAR in 40%, partial improvement in 20%, and no change in 40%. Projection artifact was initially present in 97.6% of the images in the CC. After 3D-PAR, there was a complete improvement in 72.9%, partial improvement in 26.5%, and no change in 0.6%. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was detected in 29 eyes (17.1%), and 3D-PAR improved detection of CNV in 12 cases (41.4%). Conclusions: OCTA with 3D-PAR technology minimizes the appearance of projection artifacts in the DCP and CC slabs.
Reduced ADAMTS13 activity during TTP remission is associated with stroke in TTP survivors
Authors: Upreti Harshvardhan , Kasmani Jamil , Dane Kathryn , Braunstein Evan M. , Streiff Michael B. , Shanbhag Satish , Moliterno Alison R. , Sperati C. John , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Brodsky Robert A. , Kickler Thomas S. , Chaturvedi Shruti 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study shows that the increased occurrence of stroke in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) during remission is associated with low ADAMTS13 values.
Dynamic attention-based view of corporate headquarters in MNCs
Authors: Laamanen Tomi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile the usefulness of the attention-based view in understanding the role of headquarters-subsidiary relationships in multinational companies (MNC) is well established, recent research on corporate headquarters (CHQ) has moved beyond the simplistic conception of CHQ as a unitary entity. In this point of view, I review the development of the attention-based view and its use in research on CHQs in MNCs. Developing a better understanding of the dynamics of attention between the different subsidiaries and the increasingly dispersed and disaggregated headquarters activities in MNCs requires a more dynamic view of attention. Building on the recently introduced dynamic attention-based view, I identify potential research areas emerging from the application of the dynamic attention-based view to research on CHQ activities in MNCs.
Empowering strategic decision-making for wildfire management: avoiding the fear trap and creating a resilient landscape
Authors: Castellnou Marc , Prat-Guitart Núria , Arilla Etel , Larrañaga Asier , Nebot Edgar , Castellarnau Xavier , Vendrell Jordi , Pallàs Josep , Herrera Joan , Monturiol Marc , Cespedes José , Pagès Jordi , Gallardo Claudi , Miralles Marta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, fire services in Mediterranean Europe have been overwhelmed by extreme wildfire behavior. As a consequence, fire management has moved to defensive strategies with a focus only on the known risks (the fear trap). In this region, wildfires can change rapidly, increasing the uncertainty and causing complex operational scenarios that impact society right from the initial hours. To address this challenge, proactive approaches are an alternative to defensive and reactive strategies.We propose a methodology that integrates the uncertainty of decisions and the cost of each opportunity into the strategic decision-making process. The methodology takes into account values such as fire-fighting safety, organizational resilience, landscape resilience, and social values.Details of the methods and principles used to develop and implement a creative decision-making process that empower the fireline are provided. A tool that segregates the landscape into polygons of fire potential and defines the connectivity between those polygons is used. Two examples of operational implementation of this methodology are presented (2014 Tivissa Fire and 2015 Odena Fire).These methods facilitate the analysis of possible scenarios of resolution and the costs of the opportunities that help build resilient emergency response systems and prevent their collapse. Moreover, they help explain the risk to society and involve citizens in the decision-making process. These methods are based on the experience and lessons learned by European incident commanders, managers, and researchers collected during the last decade.
Optical coherence tomography imaging of oral mucosa bullous diseases: a preliminary study
Authors: Di Stasio Dario , Lauritano Dorina , Loffredo Francesca , Gentile Enrica , Della Vella Fedora , Petruzzi Massimo , Lucchese Alberta 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique based on optical imaging with a micrometre resolution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of OCT in evaluating oral mucosa bullous diseases. Methods: two patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and one patient with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) were examined and images of their oral lesions were performed using OCT. Results: In OCT images, the BP blister has a clearly different morphology from the PV one compared to the blistering level. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that the OCT is able to distinguish epithelial and subepithelial layer in vivo images of healthy oral mucosa from those with bullous diseases, assisting the clinicians in differential diagnosis.The presented data are in accordance with the scientific literature, although a wider pool of cases is needed to increase statistical power. Histological examination and immunofluorescence methods remain the gold standard for the diagnosis of oral bullous diseases. In this context, the OCT can provide the clinician with a valuable aid both as an additional diagnostic tool and in the follow up of the disease.
Microwave-assisted protocol for squalene isolation and conversion from oil-deodoriser distillates
Authors: Bucciol Fabio , Scholz Gertraud , Scholz Hans Jürgen , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aiming to design a green and efficient protocol for squalane production from low-cost biomasses, a practical and scalable procedure for squalene extraction and hydrogenation to squalane is presented herein. The oil-deodoriser distillates that are produced by the vegetal-oil production chain are a renewable and cheap source of squalene. We were able to isolate an enriched fraction containing 89.0% of pure squalene (yield 55.4%) from a matrix containing about 2% squalene. Efficient microwave- assisted esterification under heterogeneous catalysis enabled the separation of fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME) via vacuum distillation. The residue was purified by flash-chromatography on a C-18 silica column using MeOH/H2O/2-propanol as the mobile phase. Finally, squalene was hydrogenated to the more stable squalane in a pressure-resistant microwave reactor. The reaction was performed over a Pd/C catalyst in EtOH, and even in solvent-free conditions, and was optimised using commercial squalene (5 bar of H2 at 100°C for 1 h).
Computational prediction of toxicity of small organic molecules: state-of-the-art
Authors: Machhar Janvhi , Mittal Ansh , Agrawal Surendra , Pethe Anil M. , Kharkar Prashant S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The field of computational prediction of various toxicity end-points has evolved over last two decades significantly. Availability of newer modelling techniques, powerful computational resources and good-quality data have made it possible to generate reliable predictions for new chemical entities, impurities, chemicals, natural products and a lot of other substances. The field is still undergoing metamorphosis to take into account molecular complexities underlying toxicity end-points such as teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, etc. Expansion of the applicability domain of these predictive models into areas other than life sciences, such as environmental and materials sciences have received a great deal of attention from all walks of life, fuelling further development and growth of the field. The present chapter discusses the state-of-the-art computational prediction of toxicity end-points of small organic molecules to balance the trade-off between the molecular complexity and the quality of such predictions, without compromising their immense utility in many fields.
Best linear unbiased estimation for varying probability with and without replacement sampling
Authors: Haslett Stephen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When sample survey data with complex design (stratification, clustering, unequal selection or inclusion probabilities, and weighting) are used for linear models, estimation of model parameters and their covariance matrices becomes complicated. Standard fitting techniques for sample surveys either model conditional on survey design variables, or use only design weights based on inclusion probabilities essentially assuming zero error covariance between all pairs of population elements. Design properties that link two units are not used. However, if population error structure is correlated, an unbiased estimate of the linear model error covariance matrix for the sample is needed for efficient parameter estimation. By making simultaneous use of sampling structure and design-unbiased estimates of the population error covariance matrix, the paper develops best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) type extensions to standard design-based and joint design and model based estimation methods for linear models. The analysis covers both with and without replacement sample designs. It recognises that estimation for with replacement designs requires generalized inverses when any unit is selected more than once. This and the use of Hadamard products to link sampling and population error covariance matrix properties are central topics of the paper. Model-based linear model parameter estimation is also discussed.