bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of large structural variation in global Plasmodium falciparum isolates identifies a novel duplication of the chloroquine resistance associated gene
Authors: Ravenhall Matt , Benavente Ernest Diez , Sutherland Colin J. , Baker David A. , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe evolution of genetic mechanisms for host immune evasion and anti-malarial resistance has enabled the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite to inflict high morbidity and mortality on human populations. Most studies of P. falciparum genetic diversity have focused on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), assisting the identification of drug resistance-associated loci such as the chloroquine related crt and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine related dhfr. Whilst larger structural variants are known to impact adaptation, for example, mdr1 duplications with anti-malarial resistance, no large-scale, genome-wide study on clinical isolates has been undertaken using whole genome sequencing data. By applying a structural variant detection pipeline across whole genome sequence data from 2,855 clinical isolates in 21 malaria-endemic countries, we identified >70,000 specific deletions and >600 duplications. Most structural variants are rare (48.5% of deletions and 94.7% of duplications are found in single isolates) with 2.4% of deletions and 0.2% of duplications found in >5% of global isolates. A subset of variants was present at high frequency in drug-resistance related genes including mdr1, the gch1 promoter region, and a putative novel duplication of crt. Regional-specific variants were identified, and a companion visualisation tool has been developed to assist web-based investigation of these polymorphisms by the wider scientific community.
Air pollution increases the risk of SSNHL: A nested case-control study using meteorological data and national sample cohort data
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Min Chanyang , Kim So Young 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of weather conditions and air pollution on the onset of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service - National Sample Cohort (HIRA-NSC) from 2002 through 2013 was used. A total of 5,200 participants with SSNHL were matched 1:4 for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia with 20,800 control participants. Meteorological data included daily mean temperature (°C), daily highest temperature (°C), daily lowest temperature (°C), daily temperature difference (°C), relative humidity (%), ambient atmospheric pressure (hPa), pressure, SO2 (ppm), NO2 (ppm), O3 (ppm), CO (ppm), and PM10 (μg/m3) of a mean of 60 days, 30 days, 14 days, 7 days, and 3 days before SSNHL were analyzed. Hourly measurements were taken from 94 places to assess the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure and from 273 places to determine SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of meteorological data for SSNHL were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age and sex. The mean NO2 and O3 concentrations 14 days before the index date were different in the SSNHL group compared to those in the control group (P < 0.001 for NO2 and P = 0.021 for O3). The adjusted 14-day OR for NO2 (0.1 ppm) exposure was 3.12 in the SSNHL group compared to that in the control group (95% CI = 2.16–4.49, P < 0.001). The increased odds of NO2 exposure for 14 days in the SSNHL group persisted in the age group older than 30 years for both sexes. Other meteorological conditions did not show differences between the SSNHL and control groups. SSNHL was associated with high concentrations of NO2.
Unraveling the identity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis patients
Authors: Reijnders Tom D. Y. , Stegeman Coen A. , Huitema M. G. , Rutgers Abraham , Heeringa Peter , Abdulahad Wayel H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman CD4+FoxP3+T-cells are heterogeneous in function and include not only suppressive cells (Tregs), but also effector cells that transiently expressFoxP3upon activation. Previous studies in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA-)patients have demonstrated an increase inFoxP3+T-cells with impaired suppressive capacity and an increase in Th17 cells. We hypothesized that the increase inFoxP3+T-cells results from an increase in non-suppressive effector-like cells. The frequency of circulating CD4+FoxP3+T-cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry in 46 GPA-patients in remission and 22 matched healthy controls (HCs). Expression levels ofFoxP3and CD45RO were used to distinguish between CD45RO−FoxP3lowresting Tregs (rTreg), CD45RO+FoxP3highactivated Tregs (aTreg) and CD45RO+FoxP3lowproinflammatory non-suppressive T-cells (nonTreg). Intracellular expression of IFNγ, IL-17, and IL-21 was compared within these subsets. We found a significant increase in the frequency of nonTreg cells in GPA-patients as compared with HCs. Importantly, within the nonTreg subset, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA-)positive patients demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of IL-17+ and IL-21+ cells when compared with ANCA-negative patients and HCs. Moreover, expanded nonTregs from ANCA-positive patients induced excessive proliferation of responder cellsin vitroand exhibited higher IL-21 production. Production of IL-17 and IL-21 in non-suppressiveFoxP3+T-cells may point toward a pathogenic role in ANCA formation.
Quality of life after photo-selective vaporization and holmium-laser enucleation of the prostate: 5-year outcomes
Authors: Sun Inyoung , Yoo Sangjun , Park Juhyun , Cho Sung Yong , Jeong Hyeon , Son Hwancheol , Oh Seung-June , Paick Jae-Seung , Cho Min Chul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed to compare serial long-term postoperative changes in quality-of-life (QoL) between photoselective-vaporization (PVP) using 120W-High-Performance-System and holmium-laser-enucleation (HoLEP) in benign-prostatic-hyperplasia (BPH) patients and to identify factors influencing the QoL improvement at the short-term, mid-term and long-term follow-up visits after surgery. We analyzed 1,193 patients with a baseline QoL-index ≥2 who underwent PVP (n = 439) or HoLEP (n = 754). Surgical outcomes were serially compared between the two groups at up to 60-months using the International-Prostatic-Symptom-Score (I-PSS), uroflowmetry, and serum PSA. We used logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of QoL improvement (a reduction in the QoL-index ≥50% compared with baseline) at the short-term (12-months), mid-term (36-months), and long term (60-months) follow-up after surgery. In both groups, the QoL-index was decreased throughout the entire follow-up period compared with that at baseline. There were no significant differences in postoperative changes from the baseline QoL-index between the two groups during the 48-month follow-up, except at 60-months. The degree of improvement in QoL at 60-months after HoLEP was greater than that after PVP. A lower baseline storage-symptom-subscore and a higher bladder-outlet-obstruction-index (BOOI) were independent factors influencing QoL improvement at the short-term. No independent factor influences QoL improvement at the mid- or long-term.
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation requires the trithorax protein Ash2l
Authors: Lüscher-Firzlaff Juliane , Chatain Nicolas , Kuo Chao-Chung , Braunschweig Till , Bochyńska Agnieszka , Ullius Andrea , Denecke Bernd , Costa Ivan G. , Koschmieder Steffen , Lüscher Bernhard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPost-translational modifications of core histones participate in controlling the expression of genes. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4), together with acetylation of H3K27, is closely associated with open chromatin and gene transcription. H3K4 methylation is catalyzed by KMT2 lysine methyltransferases that include the mixed-lineage leukemia 1–4 (MLL1-4) and SET1A and B enzymes. For efficient catalysis, all six require a core complex of four proteins, WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30. We report that targeted disruption of Ash2l in the murine hematopoietic system results in the death of the mice due to a rapid loss of mature hematopoietic cells. However, lin−Sca1+Kit+ (LSK) cells, which are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cells, accumulated in the bone marrow. The loss of Ash2l resulted in global reduction of H3K4 methylation and deregulated gene expression, including down-regulation of many mitosis-associated genes. As a consequence, LSK cells accumulated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle and were unable to proliferate and differentiate. In conclusion, Ash2l is essential for balanced gene expression and for hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cell physiology.
Tumor-Surveillance bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Lissner Donata , Siegmund Britta 
Published: June 2019

Was ist neu?
Empfehlungen zur Surveillance-Koloskopie Aufgrund des erhöhten Kolonkarzinomrisikos bei Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa (CU) sowie Patienten mit Colitis bei Morbus Crohn wird die Durchführung der ersten Überwachungskoloskopie nun zwischen dem 6. und 8. Krankheitsjahr empfohlen. Danach wird durch Evaluation der individuellen Risikofaktoren eine Risikostratifizierung vorgenommen und das individuelle Surveillance-Intervall festgelegt. Bei Patienten mit einer gleichzeitig vorliegenden primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis (PSC) wird eine jährliche Kontrollkoloskopie beginnend mit Diagnosestellung empfohlen. Bei Patienten mit Pouch wird eine Pouchoskopie alle 1 bis 2 Jahre empfohlen.
Tumor-Surveillance unter Immunsuppression Immunsuppressiva und Biologika senken zwar aufgrund ihrer anti-inflammatorischen Wirkung das Risiko eines Kolonkarzinoms. Gleichzeitig können extraintestinale Malignome begünstigt werden: Gesichert ist die Risikoerhöhung für die Entstehung von Basaliomen und bestimmten EBV-assoziierten Lymphomen unter Thiopurinen. Daher wird die Bestimmung des EBV-Status insbesondere bei Männern < 35 Jahren vor Einleitung einer Immunsuppression empfohlen. Anti-TNF-Antikörper hingegen erhöhen das Risiko für Melanome, die damit eine Kontraindikation für diese Therapie darstellen. Patienten unter Immunsuppression sollten jährliche Hautkrebs-Screeninguntersuchungen wahrnehmen; für Frauen ist die regelmäßige gynäkologische Vorsorge obligat.
Diabetes mellitus Typ 2: Wie schützen wir die Nieren am besten?
Authors: Brenner Susanne , Wanner Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Was ist neu?
Neue Antidiabetika Unter den neueren blutzuckersenkenden Therapien haben Glucagon-like Peptid-1-Rezeptoragonisten und Gliflozine ihre protektiven Eigenschaften in der Vermeidung kardiovaskulärer Komplikationen und von Nierenschädigung bei Diabetes mellitus bewiesen. Dabei scheinen die kombinierten Effektstärken von Empagliflozin und anderen SGLT-2-Hemmern größer zu sein als die der GLP-1-Rezeptorantagonisten.
Glukosurika In der ersten Studie mit einem SGLT-2-Inhibitor zur kardiorenalen Protektion bei Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und Albuminurie (CREDENCE) reduzierte Canagliflozin das Gesamtrisiko aus kardiorenaler Sterblichkeit und Fortschreiten der Nierenerkrankung deutlich. Die kardiorenalen Wirkungen anderer SGLT-2-Inhibitoren (Dapagliflozin und Empagliflozin) werden zurzeit in zwei weiteren großen klinischen Studien bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener diabetischer und nicht-diabetischer Nierenerkrankung untersucht (DAPA-CKD, EMPA-KIDNEY).
Modulation der neurohumoralen Aktivierung Die Progressionsverzögerung der diabetischen Nierenerkrankung mit einem neuen Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptorantagonisten (Finrenone) wird derzeit in klinischen Studien (FIGARO/FIDELIO) geprüft.
Vasoregulatoren Der Endothelin-1 Rezeptorblocker Atrasentan reduzierte die renale Ereignisrate in einer großen Studie zur Progressionsverzögerung der diabetischen Nierenerkrankung (SONAR) deutlich.
Perspektiven Bei der absehbaren Verfügbarkeit von mehreren neuen Therapiekonzepten unterschiedlichen Potenzials ist die künftige Herausforderung, die jeweils optimale Kombination für einzelne Patientengruppen und auch individuelle Patienten zu finden.
Russische Psychiater und Neurologen im 19. Jahrhundert an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Engmann Birk 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBislang liegt nur eine kleine Anzahl von Publikationen vor, die überblicksartig den deutsch-russischen Wissenschaftsaustausch im 19. Jahrhundert beleuchten. Im Rahmen der Auswertung eines biobibliographischen Lexikons, das innerhalb des Projektes der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften „Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 19. Jahrhundert zwischen Deutschland und Russland auf den Gebieten Chemie, Pharmazie und Medizin“ erstellt wurde, konnte nun erstmals anhand von 357 Psychiatern und Neurologen des 19. Jahrhunderts jener Wissenschaftsaustausch detailliert untersucht werden. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt gewissenmaßen ein Exzerpt dieser Arbeit dar. Es zeigt sich, dass die russischen Vertreter beider Fachgebiete zwar sehr häufig an deutschen Kliniken hospitierten, diese Aufenthalte aber den Auftakt für eine eigenständig russische Entwicklung der beiden Fachgebiete lieferten, die die Wissenschaft mit eigenen Innovationen sowohl fachlich als auch organisatorisch bereicherte.
Endoscopic entero-enteral bypass: an effective new approach to the treatment of postsurgical complications of hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Mutignani Massimiliano , Forti Edoardo , Larghi Alberto , Pugliese Francesco , Cintolo Marcello , Massad Mutaz , Italia Angelo , Tringali Alberto , Ferrari Giovanni Carlo , De Gasperi Andrea , Rampoldi Antonio , De Carlis Luciano , Chiara Osvaldo , Paparozzi Carlo , Dioscoridi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Management of biliary adverse events (BAEs) after biliodigestive anastomosis is challenging. We propose a new endoscopic approach to improve BAEs in this clinical setting.
Methods Patients who had BAEs after a hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y loop or a Whipple procedure underwent creation of an entero-enteral endoscopic bypass (EEEB) between the duodenal/gastric wall and the biliary jejunal loop under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and fluoroscopic guidance using specifically designed fully covered self-expandable metal stents.
Results 32 consecutive patients underwent EEEB, which was successful in all but one patient. One procedural and five long-term mild adverse events occurred. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) through the EEEB successfully treated all types of BAEs in these patients. Disease recurred in two patients who were successfully re-treated through the EEEB.
Conclusions Our retrospective study showed that in patients with BAEs after biliodigestive anastomosis, EEEB is safe, feasible, and allows a successful long-term treatment of different BAEs in a tertiary referral center with high-level experience in both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and EUS.
Metal About the Hip and Artifact Reduction Techniques: From Basic Concepts to Advanced Imaging
Authors: Khodarahmi Iman , Isaac Amanda , Fishman Elliot K. , Dalili Danoob , Fritz Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPromising outcomes of hip replacement interventions in this era of aging populations have led to higher demands for hip arthroplasty procedures. These require effective methods and techniques for the detection of postoperative outcomes and complications. Based on the presence or absence of radiographic findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may be required to detect and further characterize different causes of failing implants. Yet metal-related artifacts degrade image quality and pose significant challenges for adequate image quality. To mitigate such artifacts in MRI, a set of techniques, collectively known as metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI, were developed that optimize the framework of the conventional pulse sequences and exploit novel multispectral and multispatial imaging methods such as Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction (SEMAC) and Multi-Acquisition Variable-Resonance Image Combination (MAVRIC). Metal-induced artifacts on CT can be effectively reduced with virtual monochromatic reconstruction of dual-energy CT data sets, metal artifact reduction reconstruction algorithms, and postprocessing image visualization techniques.
Limb Salvage for Primary Malignant Bone Tumors of the Distal Leg in Skeletally Immature Patients: Ankle Arthrodesis Using Vascularized Ipsilateral or Contralateral Fibular Flap
Authors: El Ghoneimy Ahmed Mohamed , Sokar Mohamed , Kamal Nehal 
Published: June 2019

Background Malignant bone tumors of the distal tibia or fibula in children are rare. Quality of functional outcome following limb salvage surgery is still controversial. This is a retrospective review of the functional outcome of ankle arthrodesis using vascularized fibular flap.
Methods A total of seven patients were reviewed. The diagnosis was osteosarcoma in five and Ewing's sarcoma in two patients. The primary tumor site was the distal tibia in six patients and the distal fibula in one patient. The average age at presentation was 10.6 years (range, 6.7–14 years). The average follow-up period was 24.5 months (range, 13–69 years). A pedicled fibular graft was harvested from the ipsilateral leg in two patients and a free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular flap from the contralateral leg in five patients. External fixation was used in five and internal fixation in two patients. Patients were allowed full weight bearing following radiographic evidence of complete bone union.
Results The mean time to complete bone union and full weight bearing was 7.1 months (range, 4–13 months). One patient developed nonunion at graft-host junction and one patient had stress fracture of the fibular graft. The mean limb length inequality was 0.57 cm (range, 0–3 cm). The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 84.5% (range, 73–100%).
Conclusion Skeletally immature patients treated by ankle arthrodesis using vascularized fibular flap can return to full weight bearing within the first year following surgery. A contralateral fibular flap has the advantage of preserving the contour of the ankle and reserving the ipsilateral fibula for initial stability at the fusion site. This study is of level IV evidence.
Psychosocial Background History of Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Towers Craig V. , Katz Emily , Liske Emily , Hennessy Mark , Wolfe Lynlee , Visconti Kevin 
Published: June 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial background history and confounding social factors in pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD).
Study Design We performed a prospective observational cohort study of pregnant women from a dedicated obstetrical OUD clinic. Data collection came from extensive interview sessions regarding psychosocial background events and other social factors that might impact prenatal care.
Results From February 1, 2017, through September 30, 2018, 411 pregnant women were evaluated and 294 (72%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 67–76%) reported abuse of which 217 (53%, 95% CI: 48–58%) involved sexual abuse (prior to the age of 13 years in 54% of cases) and 209 (51%, 95% CI: 46–56%) involved cases of other physical abuse. Only 10% reported habitual opioid use for managing chronic pain. Only 9% had a valid driver's license with access to a car making transportation to office visits difficult.
Conclusion A history of abuse (mainly sexual and/or physical) appears to be the main precipitating event leading to OUD in our pregnant population. Transportation was the primary social factor limiting access to prenatal care. For primary prevention to be successful in our region, early identification of young women who have experienced abuse needs to occur followed by psychotherapy health care intervention before opioid drugs are used.
Lag Screw Fixation for Treatment of an Ulnar Styloid Process Fracture with Antebrachiocarpal Joint Luxation in a Cat
Authors: Parker Lindsay A. , Kapatkin Amy S. , Fuller Mark C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFracture of the ulnar styloid process can result in clinically debilitating antebrachiocarpal instability. Previously described repair methods include Kirschner wire and figure of eight tension band wire and/or intramedullary pinning. This case report describes surgical repair of a short oblique ulnar styloid process fracture in a cat using two cortical screws placed in lag fashion. Recheck evaluation confirmed lameness-free full return to function with anatomical fracture healing.
Doing Power Threatening Acts (PTAs) in ancient China
Authors: Shen Xingchen , Chen Xinren 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines an unexplored type of speech act namedjian, which took place uniquely in the context of ancient China. Taking it as a Power Threatening Act rather than a commonly studied Face Threatening Act, this study examined remonstrators’ strategic modulation of theirjian, and the factors that might have influenced the choice of modulation strategies. The data come fromZizhi Tongjian. The major findings are as follows: first, the speech act ofjiancontained both ritualised and non-ritualised aspects; second, remonstrators would adopt different modulation strategies when performingjian, which can be generally divided into three modulation orientations of redress, aggravation, and a combination of redress and aggravation, with different degrees of rituality; third, the choices of modulation strategies reflected the game playing of the requirements of affiliational propriety and illocutionary effect within thejianact.
Purification and enzymatic characterization of trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase from Rhodococcus opacus and enzymatic formation of α, β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Suzuki Toshihiro , Takizawa Noboru 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (tHBPA) hydratase-aldolase (RnoE) catalyzes the conversion of tHBPA to 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and pyruvate. We purified RnoE from Rhodococcus opacus and characterized its enzymatic properties. It exhibited maximum enzyme activity at 60°C and catalyzed the reverse reaction, converting various aromatic benzaldehydes and pyruvate to benzylidenepyruvate, indicating that this enzyme can be adapted for the enzymatic synthesis of α, β-unsaturated ketones.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microhardness and Tribological Properties of Equi-Atomic Ti-Al- Mo-Si-W Multicomponent Alloy
Authors: Kanyane L. Rudolf. , Popoola A. Patricia , Malatji Nicholus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work aim to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on microhardness and tribological properties of novel equi-atomic TiAlMoSiW HEA fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The influence of Spark plasma sintering temperature on morphological evolution and phase formation was also investigated. The microstructure and the phases formed for the developed HEA were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) respectively. The microhardness and tribological properties were studied using a diamond base microhardness tester Rtec tribometer. It was noticed that sintering temperature has an effect on microhardness and tribological properties. Phase analysis of the samples displayed that the alloy exhibited a bcc matrix with secondary phase precipitate of ordered fcc TiSi2 phase. The developed HEA showed improved mechanical properties as the sintering temperature increases.