bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration practices in residential and nursing care homes for older people
Authors: Cook Glenda , Hodgson Philip , Hope Claire , Thompson Juliana , Shaw Lynne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo scope and explore hydration practices in care homes.BackgroundOlder residents do not regularly consume adequate fluids to support health. Achieving this is difficult with residents who have coexisting health, sensory and functional problems, as well as challenging hydration habits.DesignThis project used a sequential exploratory mixed method design to scope and explore existing hydration practices.MethodsData were collected via two stages. First was a survey of hydration practices. Twenty‐nine responses were received from 81 care homes (response rate: 35.8%). Second was the exploration of practitioners' experiences and perceptions of hydration practice via semi‐structured interviews (54 staff: 43 interviews). Descriptive statistics summarised the survey findings. Open coding and thematic analysis were applied to the qualitative data, and details of the methods are reported in adherence to COREQ criteria.ResultsIt is important to provide hydration support in addition to regularly offering drinks to residents. Hydration practices include the following: use of social interaction to encourage drinking; verbal and nonverbal prompts to drink; giving fluids with routine practices and social activities; providing drinks‐related activity, use of aids and equipment to support drinking; and creating a drink‐friendly environment. Practices are implemented in care homes; however, no one care home implements all these hydration strategies at any one time.ConclusionsOlder care home residents need support and encouragement to drink adequate fluids which can be difficult to achieve with residents who have complex needs and challenging drinking habits. In addition to the routine offer of drinks, hydration support should be used to facilitate residents to drink sufficient amounts of fluid.Relevance to clinical practiceStaff working in care homes have an important role in assessing the hydration needs of residents and using multiple hydration practices to support residents to achieve their hydration requirements.
Assessment of the long‐acting ivermectin formulation in sheep: Further insight into potential pharmacokinetic interactions
Authors: Ballent Mariana , Maté Maria Laura , Dominguez Paula , Virkel Guillermo , Albérich Melanie , Lespine Anne , Lanusse Carlos , Lifschitz Adrian Luis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetic of ivermectin (IVM) after the administration of a long‐acting (LA) formulation to sheep and its impact on potential drug‐drug interactions. The work included the evaluation of the comparative plasma profiles of IVM administered at a single therapeutic dose (200 μg/kg) and as LA formulation at 630 μg/kg. Additionally, IVM was measured in different gastrointestinal tissues at 15 days posttreatment with both IVM formulations. The impact of the long‐lasting and enhanced IVM exposure on the disposition kinetics of abamectin (ABM) was also assessed. Plasma (IVM and ABM) and gastrointestinal (IVM) concentrations were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescent detection. In plasma, the calculated Cmax and AUC0‐t values of the IVM‐LA formulation were 1.47‐ and 3.35‐fold higher compared with IVM 1% formulation, respectively. The T1/2ab and Tmax collected after administration of the LA formulation were 2‐ and 3.5‐fold longer than those observed after administration of IVM 1% formulation, respectively. Significantly higher IVM concentrations were measured in the intestine mucosal tissues and luminal contents with the LA formulation, and in the liver, the increase was 7‐fold higher than conventional formulation. There was no drug interaction between IVM and ABM after the single administration of ABM at 15 days post‐administration of the IVM LA formulation. The characterization of the kinetic behavior of the LA formulation to sheep and its potential influence on drug‐drug interactions is a further contribution to the field.
II. MEASURES: SECURE BASE BEHAVIOR, CO‐CONSTRUCTION, AND ATTACHMENT SCRIPTS
Authors: Posada Germán E. , Waters Harriet S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to examine the interplay between behavioral and cognitive representations of attachment during early childhood, we compiled both behavior‐based and more cognitive‐based attachment measures for this age range. The behavior‐based measures were observational Q‐set methodologies already established in the literature. Measures of attachment representations for the children and mothers were narrative‐based procedures, that is, established storytelling tasks for obtaining attachment narratives from children and adults. For assessing maternal co‐construction processes, we developed two new co‐construction tasks that required joint storytelling of attachment relevant storylines in one case, and joint conversations about emotion‐laden situations in the other. All of these measures are based on the central secure base construct of attachment theory. Behavioral measures assess secure base use and support. Attachment narratives collected from both children and parents are scored for secure base script knowledge. Maternal co‐construction is assessed in terms of cognitive processes that enhance and promote attachment script knowledge.
Loop assembly: a simple and open system for recursive fabrication of DNA circuits
Authors: Pollak Bernardo , Cerda Ariel , Delmans Mihails , Álamos Simón , Moyano Tomás , West Anthony , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Patron Nicola J. , Federici Fernán , Haseloff Jim 
Published: December 2018

Summary

High‐efficiency methods for DNA assembly have enabled the routine assembly of synthetic DNAs of increased size and complexity. However, these techniques require customization, elaborate vector sets or serial manipulations for the different stages of assembly.

We have developed Loop assembly based on a recursive approach to DNA fabrication. The system makes use of two Type IIS restriction endonucleases and corresponding vector sets for efficient and parallel assembly of large DNA circuits. Standardized level 0 parts can be assembled into circuits containing 1, 4, 16 or more genes by looping between the two vector sets. The vectors also contain modular sites for hybrid assembly using sequence overlap methods.

Loop assembly enables efficient and versatile DNA fabrication for plant transformation. We show the construction of plasmids up to 16 genes and 38 kb with high efficiency (> 80%). We have characterized Loop assembly on over 200 different DNA constructs and validated the fidelity of the method by high‐throughput Illumina plasmid sequencing.

Our method provides a simple generalized solution for DNA construction with standardized parts. The cloning system is provided under an OpenMTA license for unrestricted sharing and open access.
A minimally invasive hybrid approach for cardiac resynchronization of the systemic right ventricle
Authors: Moore Jeremy P. , Gallotti Roberto G. , Shannon Kevin M. , Biniwale Reshma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with systemic right ventricle (RV) often develop progressive heart failure and may benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT); however, the optimal strategy for CRT has not been defined.MethodsA retrospective review of all the patients with systemic RV failure undergoing a hybrid transcatheter‐surgical approach was performed. Procedural technique and outcomes are reported.ResultsSix patients underwent detailed electroanatomical mapping of the systemic RV followed by a new hybrid approach targeting latest endocardial activation, which was followed by focused epicardial mapping. The exact site of latest endocardial activation was variable but localized to the basolateral RV in all cases. Sites of latest activation tended to be more superior during contralateral ventricular pacing versus intact atrioventricular conduction (P = 0.06). Latest endocardial activation at the targeted site occurred at 157 ms (interquartile range [IQR] = 120‐181 ms) and corresponding epicardial activation at 174 ms (IQR = 140‐198 ms), after the onset of the QRS complex. Following the hybrid CRT, the QRS duration decreased from a median of 193 to 147 ms and the fractional area of change increased from a median of 15.5% to 30% (P < 0.001). Patients were discharged to home after a median of 4 days. Of the three patients who were initially referred for transplant evaluation, two (66%) of them no longer met the criteria following CRT.ConclusionsWhereas latest endocardial activation for the systemic RV appears to localize to the basolateral region, the optimal lead position may be variable. An approach utilizing endocardial mapping followed by a limited surgical incision and confirmation of latest activation may result in minimally invasive surgery and a favorable acute CRT response.
Investigating skin age analysis to reduce tanning intentions among adolescents: A pilot study
Authors: Weight Alexa B. , Forbes Brayden R. , Whittier Samuel A. , Truong Amanda , Klein Stephanie Z. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs skin cancer rates continue to rise, targeted efforts to reduce excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation are crucial. Adolescents are a high‐risk population for intentional tanning; thus, we sought to determine whether the novel use of skin age analysis with ultraviolet (UV) photography would be an effective tool for reducing intentions to tan in adolescents with a calculated skin age (measured by complexion analysis software) that exceeds their actual age. Surveying 85 students in this study, skin age difference above zero was associated with reduced intentions to tan (P = 0.006) and high‐risk sun exposure behaviors were identified. This provides rationale for skin age analysis as a potentially effective intervention in decreasing intentions to tan in this high‐risk young population.
Genome‐wide association analysis of resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus in bread wheat
Authors: Hourcade D. , Bogard M. , Bonnefoy M. , Savignard F. , Mohamadi F. , Lafarge S. , Du Cheyron P. , Mangel N. , Cohan J. P. 
Published: December 2018

Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) is a major concern for cereal crops in Europe and North America. A strong increase in the occurrence of WSSMV has been observed in each French region where susceptible cultivars are cultivated. Most European bread wheat cultivars are resistant, but assessing the status of newly registered cultivars or breeding lines regarding WSSMV resistance is of importance. This paper describes a genome‐wide association study carried out on a panel of 163 cultivars and tested for their resistance to WSSMV. Two regions on chromosomes 5B and 7D showed minor effects on WSSMV resistance. More importantly, a large genomic region on chromosome 2D explained most of the resistance to WSSMV. More than 99% of the cultivars carrying the AA genotype at the most associated marker (Excalibur_c15426_661) were resistant to WSSMV, while 100% of the cultivars showing the GG genotype were susceptible. This large genomic region of 45.8 Mb was found distal to the centromere and showed very high linkage disequilibrium. It is hypothesized that this region may be an alien introgression originating from a wild related species. This region contains a total of 2605 predicted genes based on the Chinese Spring IWGSC RefSeq v. 1.0 including genes potentially involved in plant disease resistance. A kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker was designed in order to identify breeding lines or registered cultivars resistant to WSSMV.
Platelet transfusion practices in immune thrombocytopenia related hospitalizations
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Chopra Saurav , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Ness Paul M. , Frank Steven M. , Cushing Melissa , Vasovic Ljiljana , Kaicker Shipra , Takemoto Clifford , Josephson Cassandra D. , Nellis Marianne , Bussel James , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThe role of platelet transfusions in management of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend that platelet transfusions in ITP be reserved for catastrophic hemorrhage or invasive surgical procedures. This study assesses the nationwide platelet transfusion practices in hospitalized children and adults with ITP.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe studied hospitalizations with ITP as the primary admitting diagnosis from 2010–2014 in National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all‐payer inpatient database. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting platelet transfusions. Sampling weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates. Propensity score matching was used to perform sensitivity analyses.RESULTSFrom 2010 to 2014, there were 78,376 admissions with ITP as the primary admission diagnosis (mean ± SD age: 45 ± 27 years; females 56%, children [age < 18 years] 22%) and 282,285 with ITP as one of all the admission diagnoses. Overall, 27% admissions with ITP as primary (children 4%) and 15% admissions with ITP as one of all the diagnoses documented at least one platelet transfusion. On multivariable adjustment the following factors were associated with worsening disease severity and a higher odds of platelet transfusion, adult age (adjOR = 9.03, 95% CI = 7.40–11.02), male gender (adjOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.31), bleeding occurrence (intracranial/gastrointestinal/genitourinary/epistaxis) (adjOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.61–1.96), admission to rural non‐teaching hospital (adjOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.52–2.22), and small bed‐size hospital (adjOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.05–1.45). Of admissions reporting platelet transfusions, only 26% reported a bleeding complication, and 11% had a major operating‐room surgery/procedure. Overall, 65% of transfused patients had neither bleeding nor a major operative procedure during the hospitalization. Admissions with platelet transfusions had a significantly longer mean length of hospitalization 2.2 days (95% CI = 1.96–2.41, p < 0.001), and accrued higher mean total hospital charges; $31,150 USD (95% CI = 27,644–34,656, p < 0.001). However, platelet transfusions were not associated with in‐hospital mortality (adjOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.73–1.45, p = 0.892).CONCLUSIONPlatelets are administered to a small fraction of the hospitalized ITP patients. In a majority of these cases however, platelet usage does not appear to be concordant with the current guidelines or associated with improvement in clinical outcomes.
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Redefinition of the little-known genus Ceuthothrombium (Acari: Neothrombiidae), with description of a new species ectoparasitic on a centipede from Iran</span>
Authors: Majidi Maryam , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Saboori Alireza 
Published: December 2018

The genus Ceuthothrombium Robaux, Webb & Campbell, 1976 is redefined based on data of the original description and a new species from Jahrom, Iran. The discovery of a new species from Iran showed a variation between characters considered for the genus and some new features were considered as well. Also, Ceuthothrombium scolopendrae sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Neothrombiidae) is described and illustrated, as an ectoparasite of the centipede Scolopendra canidens Newport (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Jahrom, southern Iran.
Milk feed osmolality and adverse events in newborn infants and animals: a systematic review
Authors: Ellis Zoë-Marie , Tan Hui Shan Grace , Embleton Nicolas D , Sangild Per Torp , van Elburg Ruurd M 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundHigh feed osmolality (or osmolarity) is often suggested to be linked with adverse gastrointestinal events in preterm infants.AimTo systematically review the literature on milk feed osmolality and adverse gastrointestinal events in newborn and low birthweight infants and animals.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Current Contents, BIOSIS Previews and SciSearch were searched from inception to May 2018 to identify potentially relevant studies. Inclusion criteria: randomised controlled or observational studies of newborn and low birthweight infants or animals investigating the effects of milk-based feeds with different osmolalities. Only full-text, English-language papers were included.ResultsTen human and six animal studies met the inclusion criteria. Of human studies, seven reported no differences in adverse events with varying feed osmolalities; one reported delayed gastric emptying with feed osmolarity of 539 mOsm/L compared with lower levels; one reported higher necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) incidence with feed osmolarity of 650 mOsm/L compared with 359 mOsm/L; one found higher NEC incidence with the lowest feed osmolality (326 mOsm/kg compared with 385 mOsm/kg). Of animal studies, two reported delayed gastric emptying with feed osmolarity >624 mOsm/L, one reported decreased survival due to dehydration with dietary osmolarities ≥765 mOsmol/L and none reported increased NEC incidence with differing feed osmolalities. No clear mechanisms were found, and diet composition differences limited the interpretations regarding the independent impact of osmolality.ConclusionsThere is no consistent evidence that differences in feed osmolality in the range 300–500 mOsm/kg are associated with adverse gastrointestinal symptoms in neonates.
Combination of multimodal imaging features predictive of choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma
Authors: Dalvin Lauren A , Shields Carol L , Ancona-Lezama David Arturo , Yu Michael D , Di Nicola Maura , Williams Jr Basil K , Lucio-Alvarez J Antonio , Ang Su Mae , Maloney Sean M , Welch R Joel , Shields Jerry A 
Published: December 2018

AimTo characterise combinations of multimodal imaging risk factors and predictive value for choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of multimodal imaging features for 3806 choroidal nevi from 1 January 2007 through 1 January 2017. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analyses were used to calculate 5-year percentages of growth to melanoma and HR.ResultsUsing multimodal imaging, six risk factors predictive of choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma were identified, namely tumour thickness >2 mm, subretinal fluid, symptoms of visual acuity loss to 20/50 or worse, orange pigment, hollow acoustic density and tumour largest basal diameter >5 mm. Kaplan-Meier 5-year estimated tumour growth was found in 1% of nevi with no risk factors, 11% (range 9%–37%) with one factor, 22% (12%–68%) with two factors, 34% (21%–100%) with three factors, 51% (0%–100%) with four factors and 55% (0%–100%) with five factors. HR for growth was 0.1 with no factor, 2.1–7.8 with one factor, 1.8–12.1 with two factors, 4.0–24.4 with three factors, 4.6–170.0 with four factors and 12.0–595.0 with five factors. The highest HR with each combination of two, three, four or five risk factors always included symptoms of visual acuity loss and orange pigment.ConclusionSix risk factors for choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma by multimodal imaging have been identified. Risk for transformation into melanoma is 1% when no factors are present, and approaches 100% with specific combinations of three or more risk factors. Understanding how combinations of factors influence risk of transformation into melanoma can guide counselling and treatment decisions.
Incretin based drugs and risk of cholangiocarcinoma among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study
Authors: Abrahami Devin , Douros Antonios , Yin Hui , Yu Oriana HY , Faillie Jean-Luc , Montastruc François , Platt Robert W , Bouganim Nathaniel , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in adults with type 2 diabetes.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingGeneral practices contributing data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.Participants154 162 adults newly treated with antidiabetic drugs between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2017, followed until 31 March 2018.Main outcome measuresUse of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists was modelled as a time varying variable and compared with use of other second or third line antidiabetic drugs. All exposures were lagged by one year to account for cancer latency and to minimise reverse causality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of incident cholangiocarcinoma associated with use of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, separately. A post hoc pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using the World Health Organization’s global individual case safety report database, VigiBase, to estimate reporting odds ratios of cholangiocarcinoma.ResultsDuring 614 274 person years of follow-up, 105 incident cholangiocarcinoma events occurred (rate 17.1 per 100 000 person years). Use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a 77% increased hazard of cholangiocarcinoma (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 3.01). Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists was associated with an increased hazard with a wide confidence interval (hazard ratio 1.97, 0.83 to 4.66). In the pharmacovigilance analysis, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists were both associated with increased reporting odds ratios for cholangiocarcinoma, compared with use of sulfonylureas or thiazolidinediones (1.63, 1.00 to 2.66, 4.73, 2.95 to 7.58, respectively).ConclusionCompared with use of other second or third line antidiabetic drugs, use of DPP-4 inhibitors, and possibly GLP-1 receptor agonists, might be associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Views of UK doctors in training on the timing of choosing a clinical specialty: quantitative and qualitative analysis of surveys 3 years after graduation
Authors: Lachish Shelly , Goldacre Michael J , Lambert Trevor William 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWorkforce studies show a declining proportion of UK junior doctors proceeding directly to specialist training, with many taking career breaks. Doctors may be choosing to delay this important career decision.AimTo assess doctors’ views on the timing of choosing a clinical specialty.MethodsSurveys of two cohorts of UK-trained doctors 3 years after qualification, in 2011 and 2015.ResultsPresented with the statement ‘I had to choose my career specialty too soon after qualification’, 61% agreed (27% strongly) and 22% disagreed (3% strongly disagreed). Doctors least certain about their choice of specialty were most likely to agree (81%), compared with those who were more confident (72%) or were definite regarding their choice of long-term specialty (54%). Doctors not in higher specialist training were more likely to agree with this statement than those who were (72% vs 59%). Graduate medical school entrants (ie, those who had completed prior degrees) were less likely to agree than non-graduates (56% vs 62%). Qualitative analysis of free text comments identified three themes as reasons why doctors felt rushed into choosing their future career: insufficient exposure to a wide range of specialties; a desire for a greater breadth of experience of medicine in general; and inadequate career advice.ConclusionsMost UK-trained doctors feel rushed into choosing their long-term career specialty. Doctors find this difficult because they lack sufficient medical experience and adequate career advice to make sound choices. Workforce trainers and planners should enable greater flexibility in training pathways and should further improve existing career guidance.