bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charcoal morphotypes as indicators of fire fuel types and fire events along eight centuries in east‐central Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Rodríguez Esperanza , Figueroa‐Rangel Blanca L. , Caballero Margarita , Valera‐Fernández Daisy , López‐Méndez Daniela , Lozano‐García Socorro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe study of fire and charcoal production in tropical mesophytic ecosystems provides valuable insights into the ecological and climatic history of these systems. The diverse vegetation produces charcoal in various forms and sizes, which influences its dispersion and provides key information about fire dynamics. In this study, we used an approximately 850‐year sedimentary charcoal record extracted from Lake Atezca in east‐central Mexico to reconstruct the history of fire activity, including frequency and intensity. We present innovative information on charcoal morphotypes to interpret fire regimes, identify the types of vegetation burned and analyze human impact. The results reveal a shift in fire regimes during the Spanish Conquest, transitioning from local‐scale burning associated with intensive wood burning for indigenous agriculture to regional‐scale burning characterized by the burning of herbs and grasses linked to the expansion of extensive livestock grazing. This transition is reflected in the decrease of wood charcoal and the increase of smaller particles, as well as in the rise in titanium in the sediments, indicating greater landscape alteration. The evolution of fire regimes in Lake Atezca was driven primarily by human activities since pre‐Hispanic times, although climatic factors, such as severe droughts, may have also influenced fire activity.
An Insight into the Genetic Predisposition of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Africa
Authors: Moolla Yusuf , Ramsuran Veron 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAfrican individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MAFLD) may have unique genetic factors that influence the clinical manifestations of MAFLD. The paucity of both epidemiological data on MAFLD within Africa and the lack of genetic research thereof have disadvantaged the population, as extrapolated data out the region has been utilised to direct health care policy and management of the disease. This unique cohort of MAFLD individuals within Africa requires further epidemiological and genomic research to advance precision medicine within the realm of clinical hepatology. With the anticipated increase in non‐communicable disease that sub‐Saharan African may experience in the near future, a robust large study within Africa may provide insight as to whether MAFLD prevalence may be expected to significantly add to this impending health burden; furthermore, a genetic research component may provide insight into whether protective genetic variants are present or whether there is a lack of pathogenic variants, thereby allowing clinicians and policy strategists to have a better understanding of the disease prevalence and manifestations in African individuals. The aim of this publication was to review the current prevalence trends of MAFLD within Africa and the knowledge of the genetic landscape of MAFLD individuals of African descent.
Advanced Variational Iteration Method to Solve Two Different Models of Third‐Order Nonlinear Emden–Fowler‐Type Equations
Authors: Kumar Sinha Vikash , Maroju Prashanth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, we propose an advanced variational iteration method by employing the Adomian polynomials with the variational iteration method to solve the system of third‐order nonlinear Emden–Fowler‐type equations arise in several applications. The third‐order nonlinear Emden–Fowler‐type equations have singularity at origin and are characterized by two models, with the shaped factor appearing two times in the first model and once in the other model. The proposed method overcomes the singularity at the origin and handles both models with different‐shaped factors. The convergence study of the proposed method for both models is also discussed in Banach space. Five models of interest are provided to test the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. The investigations confirm that the proposed method is able to solve complex problems in a few iterations with less computational time.
Was der Schatten des Tropfens verrät
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWie gut ein Bier schäumt, ein Kleber haftet oder wie feucht ein Agrarboden ist, beschreibt der Kontaktwinkel an Phasengrenzflächen. Besonders präzise ermitteln lässt er sich über das Pendant‐drop‐Verfahren aus dem Schattenbild hängender Tropfen.
Knoevenagel kreativ statt klassisch
Authors: Täuscher Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBei der Knoevenagel‐Kondensation reagieren Ketone oder Aldehyde mit besonders CH‐aciden Verbindungen. In der Regel beschränken sich Praktikumsvorschriften auf aromatische Aldehyde. Aber das muss nicht sein: Anregungen, die Reaktion abzuwandeln.
Europaweite Bioanorganik‐Tagung in Münster
Authors: Hebenbrock Marian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnde August fand in Münster die EuroBIC‐17 (17th European Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference) statt. Nach über 20 Jahren hat die größte europäische Tagung der Bioanorganischen Chemie wieder ihren Weg nach Deutschland gefunden. Ausgerichtet wurde sie zusammen von Universität Münster, RWTH Aachen und Universität Bochum. Zur thematischen Vielfalt der Konferenz trugen 422 Teilnehmende aus sechs Kontinenten bei. In vier Parallelsessions boten 160 Vortragende Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, umrahmt von sechs Plenarvorträgen. Neben den Vorträgen eröffnete sich für 212 Teilnehmende die Gelegenheit zur Präsentation wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse in zwei Postersessions.
60. Symposium für theoretische Chemie in Braunschweig
Authors: Jacob Christoph , Wolter Mario , Proppe Jonny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnfang September 2024 fand das Symposium für theoretische Chemie (STC 2024) in Braunschweig statt, die wichtigste internationale Tagung der theoretischen Chemie im deutschsprachigen Raum. Knapp 400 Menschen nahmen teil, 12 Sprecher:innen waren der Einladung gefolgt, vorzutragen, außerdem gab es 22 Kurzvorträge und 250 Posterbeiträge. Die Gruppen der theoretischen Chemie an der TU Braunschweig hatte die Konferenz organisiert.
On the Identification of the Basal Drag Parameter in Ice Sheet Models Using L‐Curves
Authors: Höyns Lea‐Sophie , Kleiner Thomas , Kranz Felix , Meyer Tim , Rademacher Andreas , Wolovick Michael , Humbert Angelika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe unknown and not observable basal drag distribution underneath the glaciers strongly impacts ice flow speeds and, with that, the ongoing mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Therefore, basal drag is required for precise ice sheet modeling and accurate projections of future sea‐level rise. This can be achieved by applying an inverse method based on observed ice surface velocity data. The forward model equations, including boundary conditions, represent the ice dynamics in an approximated way. The ice‐base boundary condition is the main focus here, as it describes a non‐linear friction law. This law depends on the unknown basal drag parameter determined by the inversion and utilizes an effective pressure from a subglacial hydrology model. The inverse method minimizes a cost function consisting of the sum of a term quantifying the misfit between simulated and observed surface velocities and a regularization term to penalize unrealistic oscillations in the basal drag parameter. An L‐curve analysis determines the optimal weighting of both cost function terms. Here, we perform inversions for three different domains of Antarctica, comprising about 9.4 Mio , to compare the variability of the resulting basal drag and the L‐curves. The results present a low basal drag, as well as a low variability, predominating over large parts of the interior of EAIS and WAIS. In contrast, some fast‐flowing glaciers reveal a patchy pattern of alternating high and low basal drag. In addition, parts of the grounding line exhibit a high basal drag, which potentially affects the future retreat behavior of the ice sheets.
The potential of gardening and other plant‐related interventions to reduce symptoms of depression: A systematic review of non‐randomized controlled trials and uncontrolled studies
Authors: Rosa Claudio D. , Chaves Talisson S. , Collado Silvia , Larson Lincoln R. , Lee KangJae Jerry , Profice Christiana C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Previous systematic reviews have examined the effect of horticultural interventions (e.g., taking care of plants, planting, gardening) on individuals' depressive symptoms through analyses focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials, but that approach overlooks a majority of the potentially informative published research.

To complement previous work, we searched the databases MEDLINE, PsycArticles, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov and identified 30 non‐RCTs (n = 1063 participants; all adults) and 32 uncontrolled studies (n = 517 participants; only one study included 6 young people) examining the effects of horticultural interventions on depression.

Using random effects meta‐analysis, we discovered the evidence from these studies largely supports findings from RCTs. Like the RCTs, the non‐RCTs indicate that some horticultural interventions combined with usual care (i.e., continuing normal routine for healthy people or conventional treatment for unhealthy ones) may reduce depressive symptoms more than usual care alone, with most studies finding a moderate (Hedges' g ≥ 0.5) or large effect (g ≥ 0.8). We also found that participants might adhere similarly well or even better to horticultural interventions than to usual care alone, and no adverse events were reported. Twenty‐five of the 32 uncontrolled studies reported pre and post‐intervention mean depression scores. Of these 25 studies, 24 reported an improvement in mean depression scores and, in 16 of them, the improvement was greater than 20%. All studies present some risk of bias due to design limitations, but no evidence of publication bias was detected.

Our findings support assertions that some horticultural interventions are effective and safe as a complementary strategy to reduce adults' depressive symptoms. More research is needed to understand how specific participant and intervention characteristics can influence the success of horticultural interventions on depressive symptoms.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Improving interlaminar fracture toughness and compression after impact strength of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by interleaving electrospinning polyethersulfone nanofiber
Authors: Yu Mingming , Wu Lihui , Xie Wang , Zhang Ousheng , Liu Xueqiang , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effect of membrane thickness of electrospinning polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber membranes on interlayer toughness and impact resistance of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites are researched. Intercalation composites with different nanofiber membrane thicknesses, ranging from 10 to 50 μm, are tested at mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. The impact resistance of nanofiber membranes with different thicknesses is evaluated by the compression after impact (CAI) strength test. Moreover, nanofiber toughening contributions are investigated using the crack path and surface analysis. Results indicate that PES nanofibers increase the toughness of interlayer resin and change the interlaminar crack propagation path of CF/EP composites. The optimum nanofiber membrane thickness for mode I (GI = + 58%) and CAI (CAI strength = + 33%) is 50 μm, while for mode II is 30 μm (GII = + 16.4%). The storage modulus of CF/EP composites increases with the increase of nanofiber membrane thickness. The study also confirms the insertion of a nanofiber membrane slightly improves the tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the CF/EP composites.Highlights
PES nanofiber membranes of different thicknesses were inserted into the CF/EP.
CAI and GI improved by 33% and 58%, respectively of CF/EP composites.
The relationship between interlayer fracture toughness and CAI was discussed.
Regulatory Impact of Selected U.S. FDA Postmarketing Safety Registries Conducted for Drugs Used to Treat Inflammatory or Autoimmune Conditions
Authors: Guiriansoro Zakaridja , Oussova Tatiana , Weissfeld Joel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeAssess the regulatory impact of selected FDA postmarketing safety registries on drug product labeling updates.MethodsPostmarketing safety studies were identified in internal record repositories for the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. FDA, in March and September 2021. Studies eligible for review included prospectively enrolling patient registry studies conducted to assess the safety of drug products used to treat inflammatory or autoimmune conditions. These studies were requested between 1999 and 2011.ResultsThis paper analyzed 10 safety (non‐pregnancy) registries and four pregnancy registries (n = 14). Only four safety registry studies were successful in reaching their targets for both patient enrollment and patient follow‐up or drug exposure. These registries were either multi‐center, multinational studies or studies using participants from a health insurance or health maintenance organization. None of the safety registries led to safety labeling updates, regardless of targets' achievement for study enrollment and follow‐up: six did not detect a new safety signal and four provided inconclusive results. Two pregnancy registries reached their targets for patient enrollment, and all four resulted in safety labeling updates, as required by the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule guidance.ConclusionsWhile six non‐pregnancy registries did not detect a new safety signal, four did not produce safety results considered sufficiently robust to warrant specific regulatory action including safety‐related labeling updates. The lack of safety signal detection in these observational studies should not imply the absence of safety signals. Appropriately designed, prospective, randomized controlled safety studies are the most reliable way to obtain interpretable safety data.
The future of big data: Remote monitoring of positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea – insights from adults and implications for pediatric care
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Winck Joao Carlos , Gozal David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe advent of large expansive datasets has generated substantial interest as a means of developing and implementing unique algorithms that facilitate more precise and personalized interventions. This methodology has permeated the realm of sleep medicine and in the care of patients with sleep disorders. One of the large repositories of information consists of adherence and physiological datasets across long periods of time as derived from patients undergoing positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment for sleep‐disordered breathing. Here, we evaluate the extant and yet scarce findings derived from big data in both adults and children receiving PAP for obstructive sleep apnea and suggest future directions towards more expansive utilization of such valuable approaches to improve therapeutic decisions and outcomes.
A Hybrid Parameters Estimation Approach for Power Consumption Modeling of Ground Mobile Robots With Unknown Payload
Authors: Haji Ali Mohamadi Parham , Khorasani Amin , Verstraten Tom , Vanderborght Bram 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTypically, batteries are the main power source for mobile robots, and the practical constraints in carrying them pose challenges in achieving efficiency, autonomy, and safety objectives in robotic missions. Moreover, dealing with battery degradation requires a precise understanding of energy consumers' behavior in the system. Therefore, establishing an energy consumption model has an important role in addressing these challenges. This study focuses on the modeling and estimation of power consumption in indoor ground mobile robots with unknown payloads. We investigate key components and parameters that influence the actuation energy consumption of ground mobile robots equipped with DC motors, particularly in the context of pure rolling without slipping. To estimate the actuation power consumption of ground mobile robots, we present a hybrid parameters estimation approach. This method includes an offline step for estimating the mass‐decoupled coefficients of a power model, followed by two online steps for estimating the robot's unknown payload and its actuation power consumption. Simulation and experimental results with a differential drive robot (Turtlebot3) validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Additionally, the performance of the proposed power consumption estimation method is compared with two other data‐driven models based on multivariate linear regression and multilayer perceptron neural networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides improved power consumption estimation accuracy on the selected indicators compared to the others. We also emphasize the importance of balancing the accuracy of power consumption estimation with its associated costs in the context of the proposed approach. This extra cost includes the energy needed for additional data measurement and processing. Considering this trade‐off is crucial for the practical implementation and resource optimization in robotic systems.
Beyond natural flow: Human‐directed course change of the Kolong river in Nagaon, Assam, (India) and its socio‐ecological implications
Authors: Bhuyan Manash Jyoti , Deka Nityananda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Kolong, a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam, India, has experienced significant human‐induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation. This study investigates the socio‐ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam, India. Employing a mixed‐methods approach, the research integrates field observations, stakeholder interviews, community forums, and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems. The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief, they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods, particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow. The left‐out channel, once rich in biodiversity, now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche, compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing. This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability. Thus, the study promotes community‐based conservation initiatives, restoring natural flow patterns, and developing adaptive livelihood strategies. The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.
Sensitivity Analysis for Effects of Multiple Exposures in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding: Non‐Gaussian and Time‐to‐Event Outcomes
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Jeong Boram , Lee Donghwan , Lee Woojoo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn epidemiological studies, evaluating the health impacts stemming from multiple exposures is one of the important goals. To analyze the effects of multiple exposures on discrete or time‐to‐event health outcomes, researchers often employ generalized linear models, Cox proportional hazards models, and machine learning methods. However, observational studies are prone to unmeasured confounding factors, which can introduce the potential for substantial bias in the multiple exposure effects. To address this issue, we propose a novel outcome model‐based sensitivity analysis method for non‐Gaussian and time‐to‐event outcomes with multiple exposures. All the proposed sensitivity analysis problems are formulated as linear programming problems with quadratic and linear constraints, which can be solved efficiently. Analytic solutions are provided for some optimization problems, and a numerical study is performed to examine how the proposed sensitivity analysis behaves in finite samples. We illustrate the proposed method using two real data examples.
Understanding Resilience in Parents: Longitudinal Examination of Trait Resilience, Stressful Life Events, and Psychological Distress Symptoms—Insights From the FinnBrain Study
Authors: Mondolin Viivi , Karlsson Hasse , Perasto Laura , Tuulari Jetro J. , Karlsson Linnea , Kataja Eeva‐Leena 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to investigate the persistence or changes in trait resilience of parents over a 6‐year period and its association with stressful life events (SLEs). Furthermore, we explored the potential protective effect of trait resilience against exposure to stressful life events and their negative mental health consequences. The study population was drawn from the ongoing FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study and included 1388 mothers and 657 fathers who completed the CD‐RISC‐10 questionnaire during pregnancy and again 6 years later. Data collection involved self‐report questionnaires, including CD‐RISC‐10, EPDS, SCL‐90, and a questionnaire on SLEs. Data analysis utilised linear regression and statistical assessments. Parents in the highest or lowest quartile of resilience showed greater stability in resilience scores over time compared to those in the middle quartiles. Trait resilience during pregnancy was significantly associated with resilience 6 years later. SLEs did not moderate this association. Additionally, higher trait resilience consistently associated with lower levels of distress symptoms. The investigation of SLEs may require more nuance due to their event‐specific variability of impact. Furthermore, the study's sample size of individuals who experienced a high frequency of stressful life events was limited. Trait resilience appears to be rather stable, but also susceptible to some change. Because of its persistency and the positive impact on mental health it is worthwhile to be assessed as a part of comprehensive evaluation of parents' mental health.
A Design Strategy for Low‐Cost Single/Dual‐Band Photodetector: Bulk Heterojunction and Interface Engineering
Authors: Gong Weiqiang , Gao Feng , Bai Jinlong , Jiang Yan , Wang Tianyi , Yan Jun , Li Lin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotodetectors (PDs) with band selection functions are highly desirable for the future complex environment. Currently, band‐selective PDs are typically realized by integrating various optical filters with broadband PDs or constructing heterojunction with multi‐photo‐absorbing layers. However, these methods cause increased manufacturing costs and device integration complexity. Here, a novel solution‐processed perovskite bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer (MAPbI3:MA3Bi2I9) is developed as photo‐absorbing layer, and an effective interface engineering is proposed to selectively shield photo‐generated carriers in the BHJ. By regulating the bias voltage, the tunneling probability of photo‐generated carrier of MAPbI3 in the BHJ layer can be easily controlled, enabling band‐selective capability. The PD exhibits a superior photo‐response in the visible and near‐infrared region at the −0.3 V, with responsivity of 26.5 and 70.2 mA W−1 for 500 and 740 nm, respectively. But, at the 0.1 V, the PD responds only to the visible region with a photo‐response of 3.7 mA W−1 (500 nm) and maintains a high rejection ratio (R500 nm/R740 nm) of 28.5. This PD also exhibits a fast response speed (rise time: 220 µs, fall time: 240 µs). This work provides a novel strategy to fabricate a cost‐effective multifunctional photodetector for future advanced optoelectronic system.