bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Dendritic Crystal Simulation Using Orientation Field
Authors: Ren Bo , Huang Jiahui , Lin Ming C. , Hu Shi‐Min 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReal world dendritic growths show charming structures by their exquisite balance between the symmetry and randomness in the crystal formation. Other than the variety in the natural crystals, richer visual appearance of crystals can benefit from artificially controlling of the crystal growth on its growing directions and shapes. In this paper, by introducing one extra dimension of freedom, i.e. the orientation field, into the simulation, we propose an efficient algorithm for dendritic crystal simulation that is able to reproduce arbitrary symmetry patterns with different levels of asymmetry breaking effect on general grids or meshes, including spreading on curved surfaces and growth in 3D. Flexible artistic control is also enabled in a unified manner by exploiting and guiding the orientation field in the visual simulation. We show the effectiveness of our approach by various demonstrations of simulation results.
State of the Art on Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction, Tracking, and Applications
Authors: Zollhöfer M. , Thies J. , Garrido P. , Bradley D. , Beeler T. , Pérez P. , Stamminger M. , Nießner M. , Theobalt C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe computer graphics and vision communities have dedicated long standing efforts in building computerized tools for reconstructing, tracking, and analyzing human faces based on visual input. Over the past years rapid progress has been made, which led to novel and powerful algorithms that obtain impressive results even in the very challenging case of reconstruction from a single RGB or RGB‐D camera. The range of applications is vast and steadily growing as these technologies are further improving in speed, accuracy, and ease of use.Motivated by this rapid progress, this state‐of‐the‐art report summarizes recent trends in monocular facial performance capture and discusses its applications, which range from performance‐based animation to real‐time facial reenactment. We focus our discussion on methods where the central task is to recover and track a three dimensional model of the human face using optimization‐based reconstruction algorithms. We provide an in‐depth overview of the underlying concepts of real‐world image formation, and we discuss common assumptions and simplifications that make these algorithms practical. In addition, we extensively cover the priors that are used to better constrain the under‐constrained monocular reconstruction problem, and discuss the optimization techniques that are employed to recover dense, photo‐geometric 3D face models from monocular 2D data. Finally, we discuss a variety of use cases for the reviewed algorithms in the context of motion capture, facial animation, as well as image and video editing.
Recent Advances in Projection Mapping Algorithms, Hardware and Applications
Authors: Grundhöfer A. , Iwai D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis State‐of‐the‐Art‐Report covers the recent advances in research fields related to projection mapping applications. We summarize the novel enhancements to simplify the 3D geometric calibration task, which can now be reliably carried out either interactively or automatically using self‐calibration methods. Furthermore, improvements regarding radiometric calibration and compensation as well as the neutralization of global illumination effects are summarized. We then introduce computational display approaches to overcome technical limitations of current projection hardware in terms of dynamic range, refresh rate, spatial resolution, depth‐of‐field, view dependency, and color space. These technologies contribute towards creating new application domains related to projection‐based spatial augmentations. We summarize these emerging applications, and discuss new directions for industries.
Influence of titanium base, lithium disilicate restoration and vertical soft tissue thickness on bone stability around triangular‐shaped implants: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Linkevicius Rokas , Alkimavicius Jonas , Linkeviciene Laura , Andrijauskas Paulius , Puisys Algirdas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how vertical mucosal tissue thickness affects crestal bone stability around triangular‐shaped bone‐level implants, restored with low profile titanium bases and monolithic lithium disilicate restorations.Material and methodsFifty‐five bone‐level implants of 4.3 mm diameter were evaluated in 55 patients (22 males and 34 females, mean age 48.3 ± 3.4 years) in prospective cohort study. According to vertical mucosal thickness, patients were assigned into three groups: 1 (thin, 2 mm or less), 2 (medium, 2.5 mm) and 3 (thick, 3 mm and more). Implants were placed in posterior mandible and maxilla in one‐stage approach and, after integration, were restored with single screw‐retained monolithic lithium disilicate crowns, using low gingival profile titanium bases. Radiographic examination was performed after implant placement and after 1‐year follow‐up. Crestal bone loss was registered mesially and distally, and mean value was calculated. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were applied; significance was set to 0.05.ResultsMean vertical tissue thickness in 1 group was 1.76 ± 0.26 mm, 2 group–2.5 mm and 3.91 ± 0.59 mm in group 3, with statistically significant difference between all groups (p < 0.001). After 1‐year follow‐up, implants in group 1 (thin) had 1.25 ± 0.8 mm bone loss. Implants in group 2 (medium) had 0.98 ± 0.06, while implants in group 3 (thick) lost 0.43 ± 0.37 mm of crestal bone. Tukey's HSD test showed that differences between 1/3 and 2/3 were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0014, respectively), while between 1 and 2 was not significant (p = 0.310).ConclusionsSignificantly less bone loss occurs around triangular‐shaped bone‐level implants in thick mucosal tissues (≥3 mm), compared to medium or thin tissue biotype. Crestal bone loss did not differ between medium and thin tissues.
Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in the elderly for stroke prevention: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding L. , Peng B. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeThere is a lack of age‐specific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted for dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients with ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).MethodsPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies. Risk ratios (RRs) for the outcomes of stroke recurrence, major bleeding and intracranial bleeding were calculated based on the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted.ResultsIn seven multicentre, randomized controlled trials comprising 24 873 patients with IS or TIA, aged 65 years or older, a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent stroke was observed using DAPT in comparison with aspirin monotherapy [RR 0.79, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.69–0.91; P = 0.001]. DAPT was not associated with a significant reduction in recurrent stroke compared with clopidogrel monotherapy (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.93–1.10; P = 0.800). In addition, the results from two studies showed that DAPT significantly increased the risk of major bleeding and intracranial bleeding in elderly patients over younger patients (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.02–4.69; and RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.18–3.86, respectively).ConclusionsFor stroke prevention in elderly patients with IS or TIA, DAPT is superior to aspirin monotherapy but appears to be equivalent to clopidogrel monotherapy, and is accompanied by an increased risk of bleeding. The balance between the benefits and risks of DAPT is important to consider when choosing antiplatelet strategy.
Generalized pustular psoriasis – a model disease for specific targeted immunotherapy, systematic review
Authors: Boehner Alexander , Navarini Alexander A. , Eyerich Kilian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, multisystemic skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pustulation. GPP can be life‐threatening and is often difficult to treat. In the era of precision medicine in dermatology, GPP stands exemplary for both challenges and chances—while new treatments offer great hope, there is urgent need for better definition and stratification of this severe and heterogeneous disease. Our objective was to systematically review the literature for evidence of efficacy of targeted immunotherapy and their mode of action in the context of clinical phenotype, classification and pathogenesis of adult GPP. Classifying GPP is challenging since clinical criteria for description and diagnosis are not consistent between expert centres. We therefore defined diagnostic feasibility of the reviewed cases by assessing four criteria: compatible clinical history, typical dermatological features and/or diagnostic histopathology, consistent clinical pictures and the DITRA status. Pathogenesis of GPP is mediated by pathways that partly overlap plaque type psoriasis, with a more pronounced activity of the innate immune system. Both IL‐1 and IL‐36 but also IL‐17 play a major role in disease formation. We ascertained a total of 101 published cases according to our predefined criteria and identified TNF‐α, IL‐12/23, IL‐17 and IL‐1β as targets for immunotherapy for the treatment of GPP. Of those cases, 61% showed complete response and 27% partial response to targeted immunotherapy. Only 12% experienced weak or no response. These data indicate that specific immunotherapy can be used to effectively treat GPP, with most evidence existing for anti‐IL‐17 agents.
Biogeochemical probing of microbial communities in a basalt‐hosted hot spring at Kverkfjöll volcano, Iceland
Authors: Cousins Claire R. , Fogel Marilyn , Bowden Roxane , Crawford Ian , Boyce Adrian , Cockell Charles , Gunn Matthew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigated bacterial and archaeal communities along an ice‐fed surficial hot spring at Kverkfjöll volcano—a partially ice‐covered basaltic volcano at Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland, using biomolecular (16S rRNA, apsA, mcrA, amoA, nifH genes) and stable isotope techniques. The hot spring environment is characterized by high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen concentrations at the source (68°C and <1 mg/L (±0.1%)) changing to lower temperatures and higher dissolved oxygen downstream (34.7°C and 5.9 mg/L), with sulfate the dominant anion (225 mg/L at the source). Sediments are comprised of detrital basalt, low‐temperature alteration phases and pyrite, with <0.4 wt. % total organic carbon (TOC). 16S rRNA gene profiles reveal that organisms affiliated with Hydrogenobaculum (54%–87% bacterial population) and Thermoproteales (35%–63% archaeal population) dominate the micro‐oxic hot spring source, while sulfur‐oxidizing archaea (Sulfolobales, 57%–82%), and putative sulfur‐oxidizing and heterotrophic bacterial groups dominate oxic downstream environments. The δ13Corg (‰ V‐PDB) values for sediment TOC and microbial biomass range from −9.4‰ at the spring's source decreasing to −12.6‰ downstream. A reverse effect isotope fractionation of ~3‰ between sediment sulfide (δ34S ~0‰) and dissolved water sulfate (δ34S +3.2‰), and δ18O values of ~ −5.3‰ suggest pyrite forms abiogenically from volcanic sulfide, followed by abiogenic and microbial oxidation. These environments represent an unexplored surficial geothermal environment analogous to transient volcanogenic habitats during putative “snowball Earth” scenarios and volcano–ice geothermal environments on Mars.
An intervention study to test Locker’s conceptual framework of oral health in edentulous elders
Authors: Yamaga Eijiro , Sato Yusuke , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo test a previously described conceptual framework of oral health in edentulous elders using an intervention study that included complete denture replacement. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also conducted to substantiate construct validity.Background DataTo date, the model proposed by Locker has been tested on edentulous elders using structural equation model (SEM) analysis. However, cross‐sectional designs and the Short‐Form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) cannot adequately express cause‐effect relationships and distribution in edentulous patients. Accordingly, the authors investigated Locker’s model using an interventional design that included complete denture replacement using the OHIP for edentulous subjects (OHIP‐EDENT).MethodsA total of 265 edentulous participants who visited the Dental Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Tokyo, Japan) for new complete dentures were recruited. Locker’s model was investigated, and CFA was performed using the change in subscale scores in the Japanese version of the OHIP‐EDENT before and after complete denture replacement.ResultsCFA demonstrated an excellent model fit after adding several covariates. The Locker model also met the criteria of fit in all indices after 1 nonsignificant path was omitted. All path coefficients were significant.ConclusionThe findings of the present interventional study demonstrated an empirical fit to Locker’s model in edentulous elders using SEM analysis, which included complete denture replacement. It is anticipated that clarification of causal mechanisms of oral health‐related quality of life will lead to improvement of overall quality of life, thus maintaining or improving the activities of normal daily life for edentulous elders.
A retrospective multicentre study of cystic lesions and odontogenic tumours in older people
Authors: Silva Leorik P. , Serpa Marianna S. , Sobral Ana Paula V. , Arruda José Alcides A. , Silva Leni Verônica O. , Noronha Mariana S. , Kato Camila O. , Mesquita Ricardo A. , Schuch Lauren F. , Gomes Ana Paula N. , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina U. , Souza Lélia B. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and some characteristics of odontogenic tumours, odontogenic cysts and non‐odontogenic cysts in an elderly population (≥60 years).BackgroundFew studies describe the distribution of oral lesions in older people.Materials and MethodsA retrospective descriptive cross‐sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of four Brazilian referral centres between 2000 and 2016. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, symptomatology and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorised. Statistical analyses were performed adopting a P‐value of ≤.05 and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsA total of 7259 biopsy records of elderly participants were analysed; 642 cases were cystic lesions and odontogenic tumours, 491 of which being classified as odontogenic cysts (76.5%), 75 as odontogenic tumours (11.7%) and 76 as non‐odontogenic cysts (11.8%). The most frequent lesions in each group were radicular cyst (n = 268), ameloblastoma (n = 51) and salivary duct cyst (n = 21), respectively. Overall, women were more affected (n = 351, mean age: 68 years). Intraosseous lesions were more common in the mandible (n = 342), and soft tissue cysts occurred more in the lip (n = 13).ConclusionOdontogenic cysts were relatively common, whereas odontogenic tumours and non‐odontogenic cysts were rarer among the older people studied in the present investigation.
Extracellular matrix components indicate remodelling activity in different fibrosis stages of human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Munsterman Isabelle D , Kendall Timothy J , Khelil Nawel , Popa Madalina , Lomme Roger , Drenth Joost P H , Tjwa Eric T T L 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe composition of several important extracellular matrix components (ECM) has not yet been elucidated in human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the proportion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in human NAFLD liver tissue with respect to severity of inflammation and fibrosis.Methods and resultsHistopathological features were quantified by NAFLD activity score and grading assignment. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) was measured. Slides were stained with alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), as a marker of activated HSCs, and α‐SMA was quantified digitally. Zymography was performed to measure the proteolytic activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 protein concentration was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). α‐SMA was higher in severe fibrosis (6.3%, interquartile range 2.9–13.1) than mild and no fibrosis (median 1.1 and 0.9%, P < 0.001) and correlated strongly with CPA (Rs = 0.870, P < 0.001). ProMMP‐2 activity in severe (4.1%, IQR 2.6–16.2) and mild fibrosis (2.7%, IQR 1.9–3.9) was higher than in no fibrosis (1.5%, (IQR 0.95–2.1); P = 0.001 and P = 0.046) and showed a moderate positive correlation with CPA (Rs = 0.495, P = 0.001). TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were significantly higher in severe fibrosis than mild or no fibrosis. Both showed moderate correlation with CPA (TIMP‐1: Rs = 0.471, P = 0.002 and TIMP‐2: Rs = 0.325, P = 0.036). MMP‐9 correlated as the only ECM component to inflammation severity.ConclusionsAdvanced human NAFLD‐fibrosis has a distinct ECM composition with increased HSCs and increased TIMP inhibition, but there is also ongoing remodelling activity of MMP‐2.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: clinical and molecular review
Authors: Reyes‐Reali Julia , Mendoza‐Ramos María Isabel , Garrido‐Guerrero Efraín , Méndez‐Catalá Claudia F. , Méndez‐Cruz Adolfo R. , Pozo‐Molina Glustein 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) is a genetic human disorder which affects structures of ectodermal origin. Although there are autosomal recessive and dominant forms, X‐linked (XL) is the most frequent form of the disease. This XL‐HED phenotype is associated with mutations in the gene encoding the transmembrane protein ectodysplasin‐1 (EDA1), a member of the TNFα‐related signaling pathway. The proteins from this pathway are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme leading to the development of ectoderm‐derived structures in the fetus such as hair, teeth, skin, nails, and eccrine sweat glands. The aim of this review was to update the main clinical characteristics of HED regarding to recent molecular advances in the comprehension of all the possible genes involved in this group of disorders since it is known that Eda‐A1‐Edar signaling has multiple roles in ectodermal organ development, regulating their initiation, morphogenesis, and differentiation steps. The knowledge of the biological mechanisms that generate HED is needed for both a better detection of possible cases and for the design of efficient prevention and treatment approaches.
Effect of grain hardness, fractionation and cultivars on protein, pasting and dough rheological properties of different wheat flours
Authors: Singh Narpinder , Katyal Mehak , Virdi Amardeep Singh , Kaur Amritpal , Goyal Annu , Ahlawat Arvind Kumar , Mahendru Singh Anju 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCoarse flour fractions (CFFs) and fine flour fractions (FFFs) obtained from flour milled from twelve different wheat cultivars varying in grain hardness index (GHI) were evaluated for particle size distribution, pasting and protein characteristics. Cultivars with greater hardness produce flour with high protein content had more proportion of large size particles. FFF had higher unextractable polymeric protein, solvent retention capacity (SRC), sedimentation value (SV) and dough stability (DS) than their corresponding CFF. Both FFF and CFF from cultivars with lower hardness showed lower sodium SRC. CFF showed higher pasting viscosities than their corresponding FFF, and difference in these properties was greater amongst soft cultivars. DS increased with decrease in grain hardness, but medium hard cultivars showed exceptionally higher value. The concentration of HMW‐GS in the CFF was higher than FFF of hard wheat cultivars, whereas the concentration of LMW‐GS in the CFF and FFF was not influenced by the fractionation of flour.
Lactobacillus parabuchneri produces histamine in refrigerated cheese at a temperature‐dependent rate
Authors: Diaz Maria , del Rio Beatriz , Sanchez‐Llana Esther , Ladero Victor , Redruello Begoña , Fernández María , Martin Maria Cruz , Alvarez Miguel A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHigh histamine concentrations in food can cause histamine poisoning. In spite of the cold chain, cheeses with high concentrations of histamine are on the market. In this work, we studied whether Lactobacillus parabuchneri, the microorganism mainly responsible for histamine accumulation in cheese, is able to grow and produce histamine at the usual temperature range of refrigerators. Further, we analysed whether refrigeration is really effective to prevent the accumulation of histamine in different types of cheeses supplemented with histidine and contaminated with L. parabuchneri. Our results showed L. parabuchneri to be able to grow and produce histamine at refrigeration temperatures. Moreover, L. parabuchneri produced toxic histamine concentrations in refrigerated cheeses from only 14 days. The results obtained in this work show that in the presence of L. parabuchneri, refrigeration delays but does not prevent the accumulation of toxic histamine levels in cheese.
The Americas’ Multi‐Polar Displacements as A New Pattern in Haitian‐French Guyanese Migrations
Authors: Zéphirin Romanovski 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMigration shifts over time. The attractive immigration policy of French Guyana, which allowed Haitians to migrate in the early 1970s, was changed into a repulsive one in the mid‐1980s. This dramatic change modifies migrants’ linear trajectories from the Haitian departure point to the French Guyanese arrival. Many immigrants or would‐be immigrants use multi‐polar and scattered movements. They link origin, third and host countries in the Americas as a system of displacements where migrating becomes an inter‐American journey. On their way out to French Guyana, Haitian emigrants, before being immigrants are already migranrts. Multi‐polar displacements through multi‐polarized migration streams pass through the physical and cognitive borders of neighbouring states. Consequently, this new development in trajectories of Haitian migrations systemically connects de facto French Guyana to other migration poles in the American space and sets forth a theoretical and methodological consequentialness.
Real exchange rate appreciation after the financial crisis of 2008–2009: Misalignment or fundamental correction?
Authors: Caputo Rodrigo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the aftermath of the 2008–2009 financial crisis, several emerging economies experienced substantial real exchange rate appreciations. From the point of view of policy makers, understanding the sources of these appreciations is crucial for designing efficient policy responses. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, we determine the extent to which appreciation episodes were determined by changes in fundamentals or if they constitute exchange rate misalignments. Second, we assess the impact that non‐fundamental variables have on the real exchange rate dynamics. Based on a reduced form model, we conclude that appreciation episodes, in the aftermath of the 2009 financial crisis, can be explained by two elements: (i) an improvement in fundamentals and (ii) a correction of past misalignments. Hence, the real appreciation observed since 2010 was driven, mostly, by fundamental elements. In terms of policy implications, our results suggest that appreciations in that period should have been tolerated by policy makers.