bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic verbs in the Wordnet of Polish
Authors: Dziob Agnieszka , Piasecki Maciej 
Published: December 2018

Dynamic verbs in the Wordnet of PolishThe paper presents patterns of co-occurrences of wordnet relations involving verb lexical units in plWordNet - a large wordnet of Polish. The discovered patterns reveal tendencies of selected synset and lexical relations to form regular circular structures of clear semantic meanings. They involve several types of relations, e.g., presupposition, cause, processuality and antonymy, do not have a necessary character (there are exceptions), but can be used in wordnet diagnostics and guidelines for wordnet editors. The analysis is illustrated with numerous positive and negative examples, as well as statistics for verb relations in plWordNet 4.0 emo. Some attempts to a more general, linguistic explanation of the observed phenomena are also made. As a background, plWordNet model of linguistic character is briefly recollected. A special attention is given to the verb part. In addition the description of dynamic verbs by relations and features is discussed in details including relation definitions and substitution tests. Czasowniki dynamiczne w Słowosieci - wordnecie języka polskiego W artykule zostały przedstawione wzorce współwystępowania relacji leksykalno-semantycznych obejmujących czasownikowe jednostki leksykalne w ramach Słowosieci - wielkiego relacyjnego słownika języka polskiego, wordnetu języka polskiego. Tłem obserwacji jest Słowosieć 4.0 emo, dla której omówiono skrótowo system relacji czasownikowych wraz ze statystykami. Szczególną uwagę autorzy poświęcili czasownikom dynamicznym i ich typowym relacjom, dla których przedstawiono testy substytucji z wytycznych do relacyjnego opisu czasownika, zdefiniowanych na potrzeby edycji Słowosieci przez lingwistów. Opisane w artykule wzorce współwystępowania ukazują tendencje niektórych relacji synsetów (tj. zbiorów synonimów) i jednostek leksykalnych (m.in. presupozycji, kauzacji, procesywności i antonimii) do tworzenia regularnych struktur, specyfikujących znaczenie wszystkich jednostek/synsetów, połączonych za pomocą danych relacji. Współwystępowania relacji wg wzorców nie mają charakteru obligatoryjnego, dlatego też w artykule przedstawiono zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne przykłady jednostek i synsetów, połączonych ze sobą za pomocą relacji współwystępujących, jak i pewne uwagi natury ogólnej, wskazujące na językowy charakter obserwowanego zjawiska. Oprócz znaczenia poznawczego, związanego ze współzależnościami, jakie zachodzą w obrębie systemu językowego, opis tych regularności ma również znaczenie praktyczne - może być wykorzystany przy diagnostyce wordnetu oraz w wytycznych dla lingwistów.
The Three Atmospheric Circulations over the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent and Their Modulation by the Passage of the MJO
Authors: Kuznetsova Daria , Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The passage of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent is investigated during the episode of 23–30 November 2011. A Meso-NH convection-permitting simulation with a horizontal grid spacing of 4 km is examined. The simulation reproduces the MJO signal correctly, showing the eastward propagation of the primary rain activity. The atmospheric overturning is analyzed using the isentropic method, which separates the ascending air with high equivalent potential temperature from the subsiding air with low equivalent potential temperature. Three key circulations are found. The first two circulations are a tropospheric deep circulation spanning from the surface to an altitude of 14 km and an overshoot circulation within the tropical tropopause layer. As expected for circulations associated with deep convection, their intensities, as well as their diabatic tendencies, increase during the active phase of the MJO, while their entrainment rates decrease. The third circulation is characterized by a rising of air with low equivalent potential temperature in the lower free troposphere. The intensity of the circulation, as well as its depth, varies with the MJO activity. During the suppressed phase, this circulation is associated with a dry air intrusion from the subtropical region into the tropical band and shows a strong drying of the lower to middle troposphere.
What Are the Impacts of Tropical Cyclones on Employment? An Analysis Based on Meta-Regression
Authors: Wu Xianhua , Xu Zhe , Liu Hui , Guo Ji , Zhou Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo investigate the general principle of the impact of tropical cyclones on employment, explore the reason for the divergence among existing research conclusions, and put forward some suggestions for post-disaster reconstruction, this paper employs meta-regression analysis to study the impacts of tropical cyclones on the quantity of labor employed and employee remuneration from four aspects: industry dimension, time dimension, income dimension, and tropical cyclone intensity. The results are as follows: 1) Tropical cyclones create an impact on the intensity of changes in employment remuneration in the primary industry, and the impact in the secondary industry is greater than that in the tertiary industry. 2) In the short term, the impact of tropical cyclones on employment is negative and the impact intensity is strong, whereas in the medium and long terms, the impact is positive and the intensity of impact decreases. 3) Although tropical cyclones increase the quantity of labor employed from low-income groups, they decrease their employment remuneration. In addition, the impact of disasters on the number of employed high-income groups is relatively small compared to that of low-income groups. 4) A higher category of tropical cyclone results in a greater positive impact on the employment of labor force. Accordingly, the following suggestions are made: 1) The government should issue corresponding policies to provide “temporary disaster subsidies” for disaster-stricken low-income groups. 2) Insurance companies should introduce commercial insurance concerning “post-disaster employment” for employers to purchase before any disaster occurs so as to offer disaster-stricken employees compensation.
Management Challenges for Survival in the 1990S
Authors: Hunt Garry E. 
Published: December 2018

The continuing growth of business activities in companies has been in parallel with the increased use of IT to support the basic business processes and assist in generating further commercial advantages for the organization. Business growth has been generated through a natural expansion of the core activities, acquisition of other companies which has often resulted in working practices of geographically separated organizations, divisions and subsidiaries maintained to preserve their successful business culture. The role of the central IT department as the most cost-effective organization to support the business led use of IT is now in question in many companies. In this paper we present the argument that the key to corporate success is associated with the effective management of IT. In many cases, this will require a new style of management with vision and commitment from the CEO. But for those organizations who do not make this change, their corporate prosperity may be at stake. The material described in this paper formed the basis of the 1992 AIT lecture at the City University Business School.
Common Knowledge, Interorganizational Networks and the Future for the Organization of Production
Authors: Borman Mark 
Published: December 2018

This paper seeks to investigate the potential for interorganizational networks (IONs) to facilitate a challenge to the current hegemony of integrated production. From a transaction cost perspective the choice between market and hierarchical modes of production depends upon their relative coordination costs. The argument developed here is that uncertainty has precipitated market failure and the consequent rise of large, integrated concerns. IONs, however, by facilitating the cost-effective diffusion of information can reduce the coordination costs associated with the market place and permit the deintegration of production. The greatest benefits are held to be realized where the development of common knowledge between connected trading partners permits the ‘free flow’ of information. Supporting empirical work consists of a comprehensive survey of the uptake of IONs in the Scottish electronics industry and the development of case studies in a variety of companies highlighting the specific processes at work. Tentative conclusions indicate that while IONs do represent an opportunity for the emergence of new, more collaborative modes of production such an outcome is by no means assured. ‘changes consist primarily in a relative decline in the importance of Fordist mass production and an enormous expansion of manufacturing activities based on less rigid and more highly adaptable (i.e., flexible) technological and institutional structures’ (Scott, 1988, p. 171).
Passive Leg Raise: Feasibility and Safety of the Maneuver in Patients With Undifferentiated Shock
Authors: Toppen William , Aquije Montoya Elizabeth , Ong Stephanie , Markovic Daniela , Kao Yuhan , Xu Xueqing , Chiem Alan , Cannesson Maxime , Berlin David , Barjaktarevic Igor 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Passive leg raise (PLR), in combination with technologies capable of capturing stroke volume changes, has been widely adopted in the management of shock. However, dedicated evaluation of safety, feasibility, and receptiveness of patients and nursing staff to PLR maneuver is missing. Methods: A noninterventional, prospective trial recruited adult patients with onset of undifferentiated shock within 24 hours with persistent vasopressor requirements despite fluid resuscitation. A standardized PLR maneuver was used to compare two noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring systems, each without significant impact on the performance of the maneuver. Safety and efficacy of the PLR were evaluated via subjective and objective measures. Objective measures of patient comfort and tolerance were evaluated through changes in vital signs, sedation, and analgesia requirements. Nurses and awake patients completed surveys on their experience. Results: Seventy-nine patients were enrolled. Testing was aborted in 2 cases for medical reasons (one patient developed rapid atrial fibrillation, second had profound desaturation). Of all, 5.4% of patients required additional vasopressor support after completion of the PLR maneuver due to persistent hypotension and 4.1% of patients required additional sedation. Among awake patients (N = 35), 6% reported pain and 29% reported discomfort. A total of 11% of nurses reported minor technical difficulties with the maneuver. Conclusion: Passive leg raise maneuver leads to a few serious but reversible complications in a selected population of hemodynamically unstable patients. Although it provides relevant diagnostic information, it may impact patient care. Treating physician should be aware of infrequent but possible complications and appreciate the impact of the maneuver on patients’ comfort and nursing workload.
National Trends in Diabetes Medication Use in the United States: 2008 to 2015
Authors: Raval Amit D. , Vyas Ami 
Published: December 2018

Background Data on trends of diabetes medications use are sparse, outdated, and limited to prescription data. We determined trends in diabetes medication use among US individuals with diabetes during 2008-2015. Methods We used 2008-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to examine diabetes medication utilization among individuals aged ≥18 years with diabetes. Prescription medications were classified based on therapeutic class and subclass using Multum Lexicon database. Results From 2008 to 2015, use of any diabetes medication (81.4% vs. 87%), metformin (47.8% vs. 59.0%), and insulin (23.0% vs. 31.0%) increased, whereas, use of sulfonylurea (36.0% vs. 29.0%) and thiazolidinedione (21% vs. 9.0%) declined. A linear increase was observed in the uptake of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors from 6.2% in 2008 to 12.4% in 2015; glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists from 2.5% in 2008 to 4.4% in 2015 and sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors from 0.8% in 2014 (the first SGLT2 inhibitors approval year) to 4.4% in 2015. Monotherapy use increased from 50.6% to 56.4% during 2008-2015, while triple therapy use declined. Conclusions Metformin, insulin and sulfonylureas remained the top-three prescribed classes of diabetes medications. Increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors was offset by decline in TZDs use.
Breast cancer subtype and screening sensitivity in the Quebec Mammography Screening Program
Authors: Perron Linda , Chang Sue-Ling , Daigle Jean-Marc , Vandal Nathalie , Theberge Isabelle , Diorio Caroline , Lemieux Julie , Pelletier Eric , Brisson Jacques 
Published: December 2018

Objective In mammography screening, interval cancers present a problem. The metric ‘screening sensitivity’ monitors both how well a programme detects cancers and avoids interval cancers. To our knowledge, the effect of breast cancer surrogate molecular subtypes on screening sensitivity has never been evaluated. We aimed to measure the 2-year screening sensitivity according to breast cancer subtypes. Methods We studied 734 women with an invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2007 after participating in one regional division of Quebec’s Mammography Screening Program. They represented 83% of all participating women with an invasive BC diagnosis in that region for that period. Tumours were categorized into ‘luminal A-like’, ‘luminal B-like’, ‘triple-negative’ and ‘HER2-positive’ subtypes. We used logistic regression and marginal standardization to estimate screening sensitivity, sensitivity ratios (SR) and sensitivity differences. We also assessed the mediating effect of grade. Results Adjusted 2-year screening sensitivity was 75.4% in luminal A-like, 66.1% in luminal B-like, 52.9% in triple-negative and 45.3% in HER2-positive, translating into sensitivity ratios of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–0.98) for luminal B-like, 0.70 (CI = 0.56–0.88) for triple-negative and 0.60 (CI = 0.39–0.93) for HER2-positive, when compared with luminal A-like. Grade entirely mediated the subtype-sensitivity association for triple negative and mediated it partly for HER2-positive. Screening round (prevalent vs. incident) did not modify results. Conclusion There was substantial variation in screening sensitivity according to breast cancer subtypes. Aggressive phenotypes showed the lowest sensitivity, an effect that was mediated by grade. Tailoring screening according to women’s subtype risk factors might eventually lead to more efficient programs.
Hypertensive ocular disease in cats: A guide to fundic lesions to facilitate early diagnosis
Authors: Carter Jenny 
Published: December 2018

Practical relevance: Systemic hypertension is common in older cats and can result in damage to organs with a rich arteriolar supply such as the eyes, kidneys, myocardium and brain. Hypertensive disease in these organs is known as target organ damage (TOD). Disease in the eye resulting from hypertension is the most easily identifiable form of TOD and can often be the reason the cat is presented to the veterinarian. Routine blood pressure measurement and fundic examination allows cats with hypertensive ocular lesions to be detected early in the course of the disease, when the lesions have the best chance of responding to treatment. Clinical challenges: Detecting early evidence of TOD in the fundus requires a veterinarian to be competent in recognising lesions associated with mild hypertensive disease, as well as the more easily recognised advanced lesions that frequently result in impaired vision and blindness. Audience: This review is written for all veterinarians who treat cats. It provides information and images to facilitate and guide veterinarians performing fundoscopy in cats, in particular in those over 7 years of age, with the aim of diagnosing hypertensive ocular lesions when they are present. Equipment: The clinical manifestations of hypertensive ocular disease can be detected non-invasively with inexpensive equipment. A summary of the equipment available for general practitioners to perform fundoscopy is provided. Evidence base: This is a comprehensive review of the literature on hypertensive ocular disease in cats. The author has also included images of hypertensive ocular lesions taken in general practice to highlight the variety of lesions that can be detected.
Impact of Yoga on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Djalilova Dilorom M. , Schulz Paula S. , Berger Ann M. , Case Adam J. , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Ross Alyson C. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Many chronic conditions, including heart disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, are associated with underlying chronic inflammatory processes. Literature reviews have analyzed a variety of integrative therapies and their relationships with chronic inflammation. This systematic review is unique in reporting solely on yoga’s relationship with inflammation. Its purpose was to synthesize current literature examining the impact of yoga interventions on inflammatory biomarkers in adults with chronic inflammatory–related disorders. Method: Searches of several electronic databases were conducted. Inclusion criteria were (a) English language, (b) sample age >18 years old, (c) yoga interventions involving postures with or without yoga breathing and/or meditation, and (d) measured inflammatory biomarkers. Results: The final review included 15 primary studies. Of these, seven were rated as excellent and eight as average or fair. There was considerable variability in yoga types, components, frequency, session length, intervention duration, and intensity. The most common biomarkers measured were interleukin-6 ( n = 11), C-reactive protein ( n = 10), and tumor necrosis factor ( n = 8). Most studies reported positive effects on inflammatory biomarkers ( n = 11) from baseline to post yoga intervention. Analysis of the dose showed higher total dose (>1,000 min) resulted in greater improvements in inflammation. Conclusion: This review suggests that yoga can be a viable intervention to reduce inflammation across a multitude of chronic conditions. Future studies with detailed descriptions of yoga interventions, measurement of new and well-established inflammatory biomarkers, and larger sample sizes are warranted to advance the science and corroborate results.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Biochemical Markers in the Assessment of Spinal Cord Ischemia in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Choong Andrew M. T. L. , Wee Ian J. Y. , Almond Mark , Muratani Masafumi , Kovari Ferenc , Russai Rita , Jenkins Michael P. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Despite advances in perioperative critical care and surgical technique, spinal cord ischemia remains a devastating complication of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Biochemical markers present in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be useful in assessing spinal cord injury. We systematically analyze and report the role of all reported biochemical markers that have been used in assessing and diagnosing spinal cord ischemia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used for this review. Published literature was searched to identify all studies reporting on the use of biochemical markers in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the assessment of spinal cord ischemia. Marker-specific and patient-specific data were extracted from all studies and where possible, subgroup analysis was performed on marker-specific data sets. Results: Fourteen studies of 321 patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair were eligible for further analysis. Seven distinct biochemical markers were used in both CSF and blood samples: S100B proteins (S100B), neurone-specific enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), neurofilament triplet protein (NFL) and Tau protein, and glucose. There was substantial evidence demonstrating the heightened levels of S100, NFL, and GFAp in CSF in patients with spinal cord ischemia. There is however, wide variability in the correlation of the same 6 biochemical markers in peripheral blood and spinal cord ischemia. Conclusions: In patients with spinal cord injury, dramatic rises occur with S100B, NFL, and GFAp in CSF. However, further work is needed if biochemical markers are to impact on the future of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
Barriers and Facilitators to Colorectal Cancer Screening Within a Hispanic Population
Authors: Byrd Theresa L. , Calderón-Mora Jessica , Salaiz Rebekah , Shokar Navkiran K. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer cause of death among US Hispanics. CRC screening among the Hispanic population is lower compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Method: The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to better understand the barriers and facilitators of CRC screening and preference for stool-based testing collection methods among the predominantly Hispanic population of El Paso, Texas. Nine focus groups were conducted by a trained bilingual facilitator with a moderator guide informed by the literature. Transcripts of the focus groups were entered into qualitative analysis software and a thematic network was developed. Results: Fifty-six participants were recruited: average age was 68.5 years, 58.9% were female, 98.2% were Hispanic, 87.5% had an annual income of less than $20,000, 58.9% had 9th grade education or less, 12.5% had a discount program, and 5.4% had no insurance. Barriers to CRC screening included cost, fear, and embarrassment. Facilitators to screening included in-person health education and physician recommendation. Participants preferred the hygienic nature of a stool test collected with a brush and bottle. Conclusion: Overall, there was a lack of knowledge regarding CRC and significant barriers to CRC screening. A community-based CRC screening program was subsequently developed from our findings.