bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vitamin D binding protein axis modifies disease severity in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Miller Suzanne , Coveney Clare , Johnson Janice , Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Gupta Nishant , Tobin Martin D. , Wain Louise V. , McCormack Francis X. , Boocock David J. , Johnson Simon R. 
Published: August 2018

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease of women. Decline in lung function is variable, making appropriate targeting of therapy difficult. We used unbiased serum proteomics to identify markers associated with outcome in LAM.101 women with LAM and 22 healthy controls were recruited from the National Centre for LAM in the UK. 152 DNA and serum samples with linked lung function and outcome data were obtained from patients in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute LAM Registry in the USA. Proteomic analysis was performed on a discovery cohort of 50 LAM and 20 control serum samples using a SCIEX SWATH mass spectrometric workflow. Protein levels were quantitated by ELISA and single nucleotide polymorphisms inGC(group-specific component) encoding vitamin D binding protein (VTDB) were genotyped.Proteomic analysis showed VTDB was 2.6-fold lower in LAM than controls. Serum VTDB was lower in progressive compared with stable LAM (p=0.001) and correlated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (p=0.01). Median time to death or lung transplant was reduced by 46 months in those withCCgenotypes at rs4588 and 38 months in those with non-A-containing haplotypes at rs7041/4588 (p=0.014 and 0.008, respectively).The VTDB axis is associated with disease severity and outcome, andGCgenotype could help predict transplant-free survival in LAM.
Enumerating the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance per antibiotic consumed to inform the evaluation of interventions affecting their use
Authors: Shrestha Poojan , Cooper Ben S. , Coast Joanna , Oppong Raymond , Do Thi Thuy Nga , Phodha Tuangrat , Celhay Olivier , Guerin Philippe J. , Wertheim Heiman , Lubell Yoel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a colossal threat to global health and incurs high economic costs to society. Economic evaluations of antimicrobials and interventions such as diagnostics and vaccines that affect their consumption rarely include the costs of AMR, resulting in sub-optimal policy recommendations. We estimate the economic cost of AMR per antibiotic consumed, stratified by drug class and national income level.

Methods
The model is comprised of three components: correlation coefficients between human antibiotic consumption and subsequent resistance; the economic costs of AMR for five key pathogens; and consumption data for antibiotic classes driving resistance in these organisms. These were used to calculate the economic cost of AMR per antibiotic consumed for different drug classes, using data from Thailand and the United States (US) to represent low/middle and high-income countries.

Results
The correlation coefficients between consumption of antibiotics that drive resistance in S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, and P. aeruginosa and resistance rates were 0.37, 0.27, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.52, respectively. The total economic cost of AMR due to resistance in these five pathogens was $0.5 billion and $2.9 billion in Thailand and the US, respectively. The cost of AMR associated with the consumption of one standard unit (SU) of antibiotics ranged from $0.1 for macrolides to $0.7 for quinolones, cephalosporins and broad-spectrum penicillins in the Thai context. In the US context, the cost of AMR per SU of antibiotic consumed ranged from $0.1 for carbapenems to $0.6 for quinolones, cephalosporins and broad spectrum penicillins.

Conclusion
The economic costs of AMR per antibiotic consumed were considerable, often exceeding their purchase cost. Differences between Thailand and the US were apparent, corresponding with variation in the overall burden of AMR and relative prevalence of different pathogens. Notwithstanding their limitations, use of these estimates in economic evaluations can make better-informed policy recommendations regarding interventions that affect antimicrobial consumption and those aimed specifically at reducing the burden of AMR.
Funding approaches for mental health services: is there still a role for clustering?
Authors: Jacobs Rowena , Chalkley Martin , Aragón María José , Böhnke Jan R. , Clark Michael , Moran Valerie 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYFunding for mental health services in England faces many challenges, including operating under financial constraints where it is not easy to demonstrate the link between activity and funding. Mental health services need to operate alongside and collaborate with acute physical hospital services, where there is a well-established system for paying for activity. The funding landscape is shifting at a rapid pace and we outline the distinctions between the three main options – block contracts, episodic payment and capitation. Classification of treatment episodes via clustering presents an opportunity to demonstrate activity and reward it within these payment approaches. We discuss the results of our research into how well the clustering system is performing against a number of fundamental criteria. We find that, according to these criteria, clusters are falling short of providing a sound basis for measuring and financing services. Nevertheless, we argue that clustering is the best available option and is essential for a more transparent funding approach for mental healthcare to demonstrate its claim on resources, and that clusters should therefore be a starting point for evolving a better funding system.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the different payment models currently being used and proposed in mental health services in England•Understand the role of clustering in measuring mental health activity and providing a basis for funding•Understand how a robust model of clustering can benefit the provision of mental health servicesDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Status of Women in Academic Anesthesiology: A 10-Year Update
Authors: Bissing Martha A. , Lange Elizabeth M. S. , Davila Wilmer F. , Wong Cynthia A. , McCarthy Robert J. , Stock M. Christine , Toledo Paloma 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Gender inequity is still prevalent in today’s medical workforce. Previous studies have investigated the status of women in academic anesthesiology. The objective of this study is to provide a current update on the status of women in academic anesthesiology. We hypothesized that while the number of women in academic anesthesiology has increased in the past 10 years, major gender disparities continue to persist, most notably in leadership roles.

METHODS:
Medical student, resident, and faculty data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. The number of women in anesthesiology at the resident and faculty level, the distribution of faculty academic rank, and the number of women chairpersons were compared across the period from 2006 to 2016. The gender distribution of major anesthesiology journal editorial boards and data on anesthesiology research grant awards, among other leadership roles, were collected from websites and compared to data from 2005 and 2006.

RESULTS:
The number (%) of women anesthesiology residents/faculty has increased from 1570 (32%)/1783 (29%) in 2006 to 2145 (35%)/2945 (36%) in 2016 (P = .004 and P < .001, respectively). Since 2006, the odds that an anesthesiology faculty member was a woman increased approximately 2% per year, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.014–1.025; P < .001). In 2015, the percentage of women anesthesiology full professors (7.4%) was less than men full professors (17.3%) (difference, −9.9%; 95% confidence interval of the difference, −8.5% to −11.3%; P < .001). The percentage of women anesthesiology department chairs remained unchanged from 2006 to 2016 (12.7% vs 14.0%) (P = .75). To date, neither Anesthesia & Analgesia nor Anesthesiology has had a woman Editor-in-Chief. The percentage of major research grant awards to women has increased significantly from 21.1% in 1997–2007 to 31.5% in 2007–2016 (P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Gender disparities continue to exist at the upper levels of leadership in academic anesthesiology, most importantly in the roles of full professor, department chair, and journal editors. However, there are some indications that women may be on the path to leadership parity, most notably, the growth of women in anesthesiology residencies and faculty positions and increases in major research grants awarded to women.
Missing the point: are journals using the ideal number of decimal places?
Authors: Barnett Adrian G 
Published: August 2018

Background: The scientific literature is growing in volume and reducing in readability. Poorly presented numbers decrease readability by either fatiguing the reader with too many decimal places, or confusing the reader by not using enough decimal places, and so making it difficult to comprehend differences between numbers. There are guidelines for the ideal number of decimal places, and in this paper I examine how often percents meet these guidelines.Methods: Percents were extracted from the abstracts of research articles published in 2017 in 23 selected journals. Percents were excluded if they referred to a statistical interval, typically a 95% confidence interval. Counts and percents were calculated for the number of percents using too few or too many decimal places, and these percents were compared between journals.Results: The sample had over 43,000 percents from around 9,500 abstracts. Only 55% of the percents were presented according to the guidelines. The most common issue was using too many decimal places (33%), rather than too few (12%). There was a wide variation in presentation between journals, with the range of ideal presentation from a low of 53% (JAMA) to a high of 80% (Lancet Planetary Health).Conclusions: Many percents did not adhere to the guidelines on using decimal places. Using the recommended number of decimal places would make papers easier to read and reduce the burden on readers, and potentially improve comprehension. It should be possible to provide automated feedback to authors on which numbers could be better presented.
Relationship between levels of the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury, and metallothionein in the gills and stomach of Crassostrea iredalei and Crassostrea glomerata
Authors: Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Kusriani Kusriani , Indrayani Erlinda , Nurdiani Rahmi , Putra Renanda B. D. S. 
Published: August 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd) and metallothionein (MT) in the gills and stomach of two species of mussels (Crassostrea iredalei and Crassostrea glomerata), and to observe the ability of the mussels to absorb the heavy metals Pb, Hg and Cd present in the water. Methods: The mussels were obtained from Mayangan, Kenjeran and Gresik ports, East Java, Indonesia. MT levels were determined using ELISA. Heavy metal levels of Pb, Hg and Cd were assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The levels of Pb and Cd in water were below the maximum permissible levels for local water quality standards. By contrast, the level of Hg in the water was above the maximum permissible levels for water quality standards. At Mayangan Port (Station 1), the level of Pb was higher than Hg and Cd. Levels of MT and heavy metals varied greatly among of C. iredalei and C. glomerata individuals, but were always higher in the gills than in the stomach. The highest MT level (160,250 ng/g) was observed at Kenjeran Port (Station 2). MT levels were shown to be significantly associated with heavy metal level (P<0.0001). Conclusions: This result indicates that MT may be responsible for the sequestration of these heavy metals, as has already been observed in terrestrial animals.
Copycat Layout: Network layout alignment via Cytoscape Automation
Authors: Settle Brett , Otasek David , Morris John H , Demchak Barry 
Published: August 2018

The copycatLayout app is a network-based visual differential analysis tool that improves upon the existing layoutSaver app and is delivered pre-installed with Cytoscape, beginning with v3.6.0. LayoutSaver cloned a network layout by mapping node locations from one network to another based on node attribute values, but failed to clone view scale and location, and provided no means of identifying which nodes were successfully mapped between networks. Copycat addresses these issues and provides additional layout options. With the advent of Cytoscape Automation (packaged in Cytoscape v3.6.0), researchers can utilize the Copycat layout and its output in workflows written in their language of choice by using only a few simple REST calls. Copycat enables researchers to visually compare groups of homologous genes, generate network comparison images for publications, and quickly identify differences between similar networks at a glance without leaving their script. With a few extra REST calls, scripts can discover nodes present in one network but not in the other, which can feed into more complex analyses (e.g., modifying mismatched nodes based on new data, then re-running the layout to highlight additional network changes).
Analysis of a large food chemical database: chemical space, diversity, and complexity
Authors: Naveja J. Jesús , Rico-Hidalgo Mariel P. , Medina-Franco José L. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Food chemicals are a cornerstone in the food industry. However, its chemical diversity has been explored on a limited basis, for instance, previous analysis of food-related databases were done up to 2,200 molecules. The goal of this work was to quantify the chemical diversity of chemical compounds stored in FooDB, a database with nearly 24,000 food chemicals. Methods: The visual representation of the chemical space of FooDB was done with ChemMaps, a novel approach based on the concept of chemical satellites. The large food chemical database was profiled based on physicochemical properties, molecular complexity and scaffold content. The global diversity of FooDB was characterized using Consensus Diversity Plots. Results: It was found that compounds in FooDB are very diverse in terms of properties and structure, with a large structural complexity. It was also found that one third of the food chemicals are acyclic molecules and ring-containing molecules are mostly monocyclic, with several scaffolds common to natural products in other databases. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the chemical diversity and complexity of FooDB. This study represents a step further to the emerging field of “Food Informatics”. Future study should compare directly the chemical structures of the molecules in FooDB with other compound databases, for instance, drug-like databases and natural products collections. An additional future direction of this work is to use the list of 3,228 polyphenolic compounds identified in this work to enhance the on-going polyphenol-protein interactome studies.
Association between intensity of STI screening and development of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in 12 cities in the USA: An ecological study
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. 
Published: August 2018

In this study, we assessed if there was a city-level association between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening intensity in men who have sex with men and antimicrobial sensitivity inNeisseria gonorrhoeaein the United States, 2007 to 2013. We found positive associations between STI screening intensity and increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefixime and azithromycin, but not ceftriaxone.
Exploring machine learning: A bibliometric general approach using Citespace
Authors: Rincon-Patino Juan , Ramirez-Gonzalez Gustavo , Corrales Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Background: Machine learning researches algorithms that allow a machine to learn about resolving problems in different application domains. Due to the wide number of machine learning applications, it is necessary for newcomers to the field to have alternatives to explore this field faster. Methods: In this paper, we present a science mapping analysis on the machine learning research in the period 2007-2017. This study was develop using the CiteSpace tool based on results from Clarivate Web of Science. This analysis shows how the field has evolved, by highlighting the most notable authors, institutions, keywords, countries, categories, and journals. Results: The results provide information on trends and possibilities in the near future, particularly in areas such as health, biology and banking, where machine learning is a valuable tool to generate solutions. Conclusions: Machine learning is being widely studied, and several institutions in countries like the USA and China constantly generate machine learning based solutions. Diseases, such as cancer or Alzheimer’s disease, studies in biology, such as the protein molecule, virtual reality, commerce, smartphones, and ubiquitous computing, are all fields where machine learning contributes to resolving problems.
Audit of transvaginal sonography of normal postmenopausal ovaries by sonographers from the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)
Authors: Stott Will , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Ryan Andy , Amso Nazar , Seif Mourad , Jones Chris , Jacobs Ian , Parmar Max , Menon Usha , Campbell Stuart , Burnell Matthew 
Published: August 2018

Background: We report on a unique audit of seven sonographers self-reporting high visualization rates of normal postmenopausal ovaries in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). This audit was ordered by the trial’s Ultrasound Management Subcommittee after an initiative taken in 2008 to improve the quality of scanning and the subsequent increase in the number of sonographers claiming very high ovary visualisation rates. Methods: Seven sonographers reporting high rates (>89%) of visualizing normal postmenopausal ovaries in examinations performed between 1st January and 31st December 2008 were identified. Eight experts in gynaecological scanning reviewed a random selection of exams performed by these sonographers and assessed whether visualization of both ovaries could be confirmed (cVR-Both) in the examinations. A random effects bivariate probit model was fitted to analyse the results. Results: The eight experts reviewed images from 357 examinations performed on 349 postmenopausal women (mean age 60.0 years, range 50.2-73.3) by the seven sonographers. The mean cVR-Both obtained from the model for these sonographers was 67.2% with a range of 47.6-86.5% (95%CI 63.9-70.5%). The range of cVR-Both between the experts was 47.3-88.3% and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for left and right ovary confirmation was 0.39. Conclusions: The audit suggests that self-reported visualization of postmenopausal ovaries is unreliable, as visualisation of both ovaries could not be confirmed in almost a third of examinations. The agreement for visualization of both ovaries based on review of a static image between experts and sonographers and between expert reviewers alone was only moderate. Further research is needed to develop reliable Quality Control metrics for transvaginal ultrasound.
The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in people with mental health conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Moran Jonathan , Kelly Grainne , Haberlin Ciarán , Mockler David , Broderick Julie 
Published: August 2018

Background: Achieving adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) confers important physical and mental health benefits. Despite this, people with mental health conditions often do not meet recommended levels of PA. eHealth, the delivery of health information through internet and mobile technologies, is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to improve PA. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the use of eHealth to increase or monitor PA levels in people with mental health conditions. Methods: Databases searched included OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science using a combination of key-words and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an eHealth technology designed to improve or monitor PA in people with mental health conditions. Two reviewers screened articles. Articles included in the qualitative synthesis were screened for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for experimental studies and Downs and Black Checklist for non-experimental studies. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. A variety of eHealth platforms designed to promote or monitor PA were described in these studies; web-based (n=4), web and mobile application (n=3) and e-mail-based (n=1), one study used both a web-based and mobile application. Three studies reported eHealth interventions significantly increased PA levels, however it is unclear if eHealth interventions are superior at promoting PA compared to conventional interventions. Four studies reported that higher levels of PA, measured using eHealth, were associated with better mental health profiles. Conclusion: eHealth interventions may be an innovative low-cost method to increase PA levels which may have knock-on effects on mental health outcomes. Although some of the included studies in this review demonstrated promising results, methodological restrictions and potential biases from using subjective measures of PA limit the interpretability of these results. Future research should evaluate this promising technology using well-designed trials.
The metric derivative of set-valued functions
Authors: Muslikh Mohamad , Kilicman Adem , bt Sapar Siti Hasana , bt Bachoklati Norfifah 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this article, we introduce the notion of “metrically differentiable” for set-valued functions. By using this notion, it is shown that each Lipschitz set-valued function is differentiable almost everywhere. Its relationship to the differentiation in the sense of Hukuhara and its generalizations are also discussed.