bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Alternative Source of Drinking Water: A Case Study of Nzhelele River, South Africa
Authors: Edokpayi Joshua N. , Odiyo John O. , Popoola Elizabeth O. , Msagati Titus A.M. 
Published: March 2018

Background:Access to clean and safe drinking water is still a problem in developing countries and more pronounced in rural areas. Due to erratic supply of potable, rural dwellers often seek for an alternative source of water to meet their basic water needs. The objective of this study is to monitor the microbiological and physicochemical water quality parameters of Nzhelele River which is a major alternative source of drinking water to villages along its course in Limpopo province of South Africa.Methods:Membrane filtration method was employed in evaluating the levels ofE. coliandEnterococciin the river water from January-June, 2014. Specialized multimeter was used to measure the pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity of the river water. Ion Chromatograph was used to measure major anions such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulphate in the water.Results:High levels ofE. coli(1 x 102- 8 x 104cfu/100 mL) andenterococci(1 x 102– 5.7 x 103cfu/100 mL) were found in the river water and exceeded their permissible limits of 0 cfu/100 mL for drinking water. Turbidity values ranged from 1.12-739.9 NTU. The pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and sulphate levels were below their permissible limits for drinking water.Conclusion:The river water is contaminated with faecal organisms and is unfit for drinking purposes. However, the levels of the major anions accessed were within the permissible limits of drinking water.
Deeper Learning through Service: Evaluation of an Interprofessional Community Service-Learning Program for Pharmacy and Medicine Students
Authors: Clark Megan , McKague Meredith , Ramsden Vivian R. , McKay Shari 
Published: March 2018

Abstract Background This Community Service-Learning Project (CSLP) at the University of Saskatchewan is designed to help students develop patient-centred care practices in urban underserved settings. First-year medical and pharmacy students partner interprofessionally to both learn and serve, working with community-based organizations (CBOs) that primarily serve either low-income or newcomer residents of Saskatoon. Since the CSLP’s pilot year in 2005-2006, 98 first-year medical and pharmacy students have participated in the CSLP. Methods and Findings We evaluated the outcomes and processes of the CSLP since the 2006-2007 year, using mixed methods: end-of-project questionnaires; document analysis looking for key and recurrent themes; end-of-project semi-structured interviews with CBO coordinators and clients. We examined students’ experiences, including satisfaction, achievement of learning objectives, learning processes, and perceived outcomes. Students’ main learning outcomes related to client-centered approach, interprofessional attitudes and skills, and personal development. Various learnings related to program processes are reported. Conclusions Our evaluation reinforced findings from the literature on both interprofessional education and community service-learning, as well uncovering some new findings. Students described a transformative learning experience that helped them begin to develop understanding and skills to work more effectively with clients in urban underserved settings.
Interprofessional Experiences at a Student-run Clinic: Who Participates and What Do They Learn?
Authors: Ambrose Emma , Baker Dana , Mahal Inderveer , MicFlikier Aaron , Holmqvist Maxine 
Published: March 2018

Background: Student-run Clinics (SRCs) are student-driven, interprofessional community service-learning primary care initiatives in which students of different disciplines work collaboratively under the supervision of licensed healthcare professionals. Despite their increasing prominence and promise as vehicles for interprofessional education, little is known about the characteristics of students or mentors who participate in these initiatives. Methods: A quality improvement review was conducted by members of an interprofessional, student-run clinic based on data collected in the first 3 years of clinic operation. Program records and anonymous feedback forms were examined for information regarding student and mentor characteristics (e.g., discipline, frequency of participation) and information regarding service provider satisfaction and recommendations. Findings: The STAR Clinic had low student retention with the majority of students attending only one clinic shift. There was also limited student and mentor diversity, with medicine and nursing most highly represented. Qualitative information highlighted areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. Conclusions: Recruitment and retention of students and mentors should be a priority for SRCs. Efforts devoted to increasing interprofessional diversity would likely benefit clients and allow for a more holistic approach to person-centred care.
Auditor and FASB Responsibilities for Representing Underlying Economics—What U.S. Standards Actually Say
Authors: Palmrose Zoe-Vonna , Kinney William R. 
Published: March 2018

SYNOPSIS
Does the auditor's responsibility under U.S. authoritative guidance extend to providing assurance of financial reporting quality—specifically whether financial statements “faithfully reflect the firm's underlying economics”—after the auditor has concluded that financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with GAAP, in all material respects? The question arises because DeFond and Zhang (2014) state such a view and cite U.S. authoritative guidance as support. We review SEC, PCAOB, and FASB guidance and other sources and find no authoritative support for DeFond and Zhang's (2014) view. We also find that the PCAOB explicitly recognizes the lack of objective criteria that would be necessary to evaluate financial reporting quality beyond application of GAAP to events and transactions. Further, we find no evidence that practicing auditors do (separately) assess or assure that financial statements faithfully reflect the entire firm's underlying economics. Overall, these findings suggest DeFond and Zhang (2014) express a personal (and impracticable) normative view and not the auditor's actual responsibility or practice under extant U.S. standards. More broadly, results reinforce the importance of defining and measuring audit quality based on the auditor's actual responsibilities and the importance of accurately characterizing authoritative guidance and practice for scholarship regarding complex and multifaceted matters, including audit quality.
Two-year Effects of Chlorhexidine-containing Adhesives on the In Vitro Durability of Resin-dentin Interfaces and Modeling of Drug Release
Authors: Malaquias P , Gutierrez MF , Hass V , Stanislawczuk R , Bandeca MC , Arrais CAG , Farago PV , Reis A , Loguercio AD 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To evaluate the effects of addition of diacetate chlorhexidine (CHX) at different concentrations into two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems on CHX release, as well as the immediate (IM) and two-year (2-Y) resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL).

Methods:
CHX was added to XP Bond (XP) and Ambar (AM) at concentrations of 0.0 wt% (control); 0.01 wt%; 0.05 wt%; and 0.1 to 0.2 wt%. To assess the cumulative CHX release, adhesive disks were made in a metallic matrix and after light-curing were stored in water. Ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements of the storage solution were performed to examine the release kinetics of CHX. For μTBS and NL, the occlusal enamel of molars was removed and the adhesives were applied to the dentin surface after acid etching. After composite resin build-up, specimens were sectioned to obtain μTBS sticks. The specimens were subjected to μTBS and NL at IM and after 2-Y. In addition, specimens underwent examination for CHX using micro–Raman spectroscopy. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05).

Results:
With regard to CHX release, AM showed a slower and gradual release of CHX while XP released CHX more quickly (p&lt;0.05), and CHX was still present in the hybrid layers after 2-Y. Both adhesives showed CHX release at 2-Y water storage. Both CHX-containing adhesives showed higher μTBS values than did the control group (p&lt;0.05).
Dos Romas futuras: Troya y Roma en Eneida 8 y Farsalia 9
Authors: Vizzotti Martín 
Published: March 2018

La memoria fue un concepto central dentro de la configuración colectiva de la antigua Roma. La civilización romana ha sido la gran configuradora e instauradora de distintas formas de memoria, que han operado dentro del proceso de construcción y legitimación cultural de Occidente por 20 siglos. Toda creación de un lieu de mémoire implica, necesariamente, la abolición o desplazamiento de otro o, al menos, el desplazamiento semántico de las memorias asociadas a ese lugar específico. Augusto tuvo la difícil tarea de presentarse y legitimarse a sí mismo dentro de un complejo proceso histórico como la continuidad aparente de un sistema político y social perimido cuando en verdad encarnaba una nueva manera de concebir y ejercer el poder que había aprendido, a partir de la experiencia de Julio César, a presentarse de modos mucho más aprehensibles y, lo que es más relevante, asimilables para el pueblo romano.
Virgilio lleva a cabo en Eneida 8 una operación literaria de resignificación del espacio, y del tiempo, tan radical como simple. La visión virgiliana aúna operaciones poéticas ideológicas y culturales donde el poder perpetuador de la palabra configura de manera efectiva en el espacio, en este caso, una Roma aeterna cuyo pasado, resignificado en su momento primigenio, legitima no una profundidad y una gloria pasadas sino una gloria futura sine fine que es confutada por Lucano con la descripción del paseo de Cesar sobre las ruinas de Troya en el libro 9.950-999, donde Troya es representada como el mnemotopo admonitorio por excelencia del destino final de Roma.
SUGAR BIOSYNTHESIS IN VANILLA PLANTS AND PHALAENOPSIS SEEDLINGS AFTER APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Authors: Adiputra I Gede Ketut 
Published: March 2018

In tropical country, vanilla encounters two main environmental conditions, wet and dry seasons. In the wet seasons when the amount of water available favours high growth rate, plants acquire more nutrients. However during dry seasons when water uptake via the root is limited and water loss from the shoot is increasing, vanilla will experience severe desiccations. In other cases, under condition of culture in bottle, phalaenopsis seedlings develop a very thin cuticle layers. These seedlings will experience a high rate of water loss when it is then transferred into ex vitro environmental conditions. Since mineral nutrient could decrease water potential in plants and enhanced by water loss, application of proper fertilizer into these vanilla plants and phalaenopsis seedling should not enhance the decreasing of water potential which could impair physiological mechanism. So, in order to ascertain nutrient requirement for these plants, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, vanilla plants grown in plantation were added 9.25, 1.1 and 4.6 g/plant Urea, TSP and KCL respectively. This experiment was repeated using different plants with application of fertilizer in higher doses; 18.5, 2.2 and 9.2 g/plant for Urea, TSPand KCl, respectively. In order to examine the capacity of these plants to synthesize sugar, samples were then harvested in the period after fertilizer application, i.e. at day 0, 11 and 24. In the second experiments, phalaenopsis seedlings were sprayed every 1-2 days with liquinox and rosasol-N fertilizer using factorial experimental design.. In order to examine the effect of the fertilizer on sugar biosynthesis, leaves of these plants were harvested at day 132. These experiments showed that addition of fertilizer into vanilla plants increased sugar content but addition of fertilizer into phalaenopsis seedling decreased sugar content. It is concluded that fertilizer applied into plants undergoing desiccation impair sugar biosynthesis.
Effect of extracts of Allium porrum in some hematological parameters of rat
Authors: Albsaysi Azhar Shya Y. 
Published: March 2018

The research was aimed to know the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium porrum on some hematological parameters of male rats (n=35). Rats were divided into groups and were administrated different concentrations (200, 400, and 800) mg/kg of extract daily for one week to study the parameters of hematological parameters compared to control group. The treatment with A. porrum extracts led to increasing RBC and P.C.V. for all extract concentrations and to both kinds. The aqueous extract 800 mg/kg shows more significant effect than the other levels. A significant increase in hemoglobin concentration for aqueous extract 800 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and alcoholic extract 800 mg/kg and alcoholic extract 800 mg/kg were more significant than the other levels and a significant decrease in WBC count for alcoholic extract 400 mg/kg compared to the control group.
Instructor-Created Activities to Engage Undergraduate Nursing Research Students
Authors: Pierce Linda L. , Reuille Kristina M. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
In flipped or blended classrooms, instruction intentionally shifts to a student-centered model for a problem-based learning approach, where class time explores topics in greater depth, creating meaningful learning opportunities.

Method:
This article describes instructor-created activities focused on research processes linked to evidence-based practice that engage undergraduate nursing research students. In the classroom, these activities include individual and team work to foster critical thinking and stimulate student discussion of topic material.

Results:
Six activities for small and large student groups are related to quantitative, qualitative, and both research processes, as well as applying research evidence to practice. Positive student outcomes included quantitative success on assignments and robust student topic discussions, along with instructor-noted overall group engagement and interest.

Conclusion:

Using these activities can result in class time for the construction of meaning, rather than primarily information transmission. Instructors may adopt these activities to involve and stimulate students' critical thinking about research and evidence-based practice. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(3):174–177.]
New Careers in Nursing: An Effective Model for Increasing Nursing Workforce Diversity
Authors: Craft-Blacksheare Melva 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing developed the New Careers in Nursing (NCIN) program to address the nursing shortage, increase workforce diversity, and raise the profession's educational level. The program provided scholarships to second-degree underrepresented or economically disadvantaged (UED) students attending an accelerated nursing program to earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree.

Method:
A midwestern university received three academic-year cycles of NCIN funding. The program's model, resources, and functioning are described.

Results:
The NCIN provided exceptional financial and program support that received high marks from participants. During the three award cycles, 20 UED scholars graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree. Nineteen of the 20 scholars passed the NCLEX-RN on the first attempt.

Conclusion:

While the NCIN program has ended, nursing school administrators and faculty wishing to promote UED student success should consider using the program's model and resources as the basis for their own program. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(3):178–183.]
Passive Serum Therapy to Immunomodulation by IVIG: A Fascinating Journey of Antibodies
Authors: João Cristina , Negi Vir Singh , Kazatchkine Michel D. , Bayry Jagadeesh , Kaveri Srini V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The immunoregulatory and anti-infective properties of normal circulating polyclonal Abs have been exploited for the therapeutic purposes in the form of IVIG as well as several hyperimmune globulins. Current knowledge on the therapeutic use of normal Igs is based on the discoveries made by several pioneers of the field. In this paper, we review the evolution of IVIG over the years. More importantly, the process started as an s.c. replacement in γ globulin–deficient patients, underwent metamorphosis into i.m. Ig, was followed by IVIG, and is now back to s.c. forms. Following successful use of IVIG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, there has been an explosion in the therapeutic applications of IVIG in diverse autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. In addition to clinically approved pathological conditions, IVIG has been used as an off-label drug in more than 100 different indications. The current worldwide consumption of IVIG is over 100 tons per year.
Nuevos hormigones para premoldeados en Uruguay
Authors: Rodriguez de Sensale Gemma Paula , Rodríguez Viacava Iliana , Rolfi Netto Rosana , Segura Castillo Luis , Fernández María Esther 
Published: March 2018

Se presentan resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha en el Proyecto “Aplicación de nuevos hormigones para premoldeados” (ANII FMV_1_2014_1_104566). El objetivo del Proyecto es mejorar prestaciones y procesos industriales de elementos premoldeados existentes, mediante la aplicación de nuevos hormigones. En Uruguay, las mayores experiencias en premoldeados se basan en el empleo de hormigón convencional (H), cuyo desempeño es variable. La versatilidad de las aplicaciones de los hormigones reforzados con fibras (HRF) y loa autocompactantes (HAC) en lugar del convencional los convierten en una alternativa de máximo interés. Por ello se estudiará en el Proyecto la aplicación de ellos y la combinación de ambos (hormigón autocompactante con fibras, HACRF), para elementos premoldeados. En este trabajo se presenta los resultados obtenidos en relación al material en sí. Como referencia se tomó un H de 35 MPa, usual en premoldeados locales, y en base a él se diseñó un HAC de igual resistencia. En el programa experimental las variables analizadas en estos hormigones fueron el tipo de fibras estructurales (dos; metálicas y sintéticas de poliolefina) y su cuantía (tres para cada tipo de fibra), empleándose como referencia los hormigones sin fibra (H y HAC). Se estudiaron propiedades de los hormigones en estado fresco y endurecido (resistencia a compresión, resistencia a tracción por flexión, tenacidad, módulo de elasticidad, permeabilidad al aire Torrent y resistencia a la penetración de iones cloruro). Los resultados obtenidos muestran claramente las diferencias de comportamiento en estado fresco y endurecido entre los catorce hormigones estudiados. La el empleo de HAC y la incorporación de fibras influyen significativamente en la reología, mejorando en estado endurecido la resistencia mecánica en relación al hormigón convencional. En relación a la permeabilidad al aire y la resistencia a penetración de cloruros, los resultados obtenidos en todas las mezclas fueron similares. El estudio de nuevos hormigones para premoldeados, como ser el los HRF y los autocompactantes sin y con fibras (HAC y HACRF), ha demostrado que cuentan con características mecánicas diferenciadas del hormigón convencionalmente empleado, convirtiéndolos en una alternativa de gran interés para su aplicación en nuestro país.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HAC2018.2018.5257
Hormigón de alta conductividad térmica POWERCRETE®
Authors: Cruz Ramos Deborah , Navarro Valls Antonia , Vargas Serrano Encarnación 
Published: March 2018

En la transmisión y la distribución de energía eléctrica en las grandes áreas urbanas de los países desarrollados es frecuente el soterramiento de cables de alta tensión, aprovechando así las ventajas estéticas, ecológicas y técnicas que este procedimiento puede aportar. HeidelbergCement ha desarrollado dos nuevos materiales que optimizan el uso de los cables soterrados y abren nuevas posibilidades en la tecnología de cables: uno de ellos es CableCem un material fluido de base cementicia y baja resistencia, que presenta propiedades de flujo similares a las suspensiones de bentonita, pero con mayor estabilidad y rentabilidad a largo plazo. El otro, es Powercrete, un hormigón especial con una alta conductividad térmica, hasta 6 W / (K m), para el relleno de zanjas de cables, lo que posibilita alternativas novedosas en la transmisión de energía, que van desde el cambio de la configuración de los cables en la zanja hasta la sustitución del cable de cobre por el cable de aluminio. En este artículo se describen las características de este hormigón de alta conductividad térmica, se exponen sus posibilidades de uso y la influencia que puede suponer su utilización en la eficiencia económica de los sistemas de cable. Para mostrar la viabilidad del Powercrete, hablaremos de algunas de las aplicaciones “in situ” llevadas a cabo en Europa y al objeto de transmitir un mejor conocimiento de este hormigón especial, revisaremos con mayor detalle dos de los proyectos más recientes: el proyecto K-ER34-IDDTS, consistente en la monitorizacíón de la temperatura en instalaciones en cable aislado construido por REE en el Nudo Viario –Zal(Barcelona), en el que se ejecutaba una instalación de cable de unos 10Km, y en la que se empleó Powercrete como material de relleno,y el proyecto Rheindüker en Colonia, una obra para el suministro de energía desde una nueva central de ciclo combinado Niehl 3 a zonas residenciales, en donde se ejecutó un túnel bajo el Rin y en la que se utilizó Powercrete en el relleno del mismo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HAC2018.2018.5380
Comportamiento mecánico de compuestos de matriz cementicia y tejidos de fibras vegetales
Authors: Mercedes Luis , Gil Lluis , Bernat Ernest 
Published: March 2018

Los compuestos cementicios reforzados con fibras en forma de tejidos (fibre reinforced cementitious composite: FRCC) han demostrado ser un material de refuerzo con un prometedor futuro, debido a su facilidad de aplicación, resistencia al fuego y su capacidad de disipar energía a través de un patrón de multifisuras. El auge que viene desarrollando el uso de fibras vegetales como refuerzo dentro de los materiales compuestos debido a su bajo costo, baja densidad, reciclabilidad y biodegradabilidad, hace que estas fibras se presenten como una opción de refuerzo a considerar dentro los compuestos cementicios. En este estudio se han elaborado especímenes FRCC de diferentes fibras vegetales (lino, cáñamo, sisal y algodón), utilizando un tratamiento a base de poliéster para evitar la degradación de las fibras y mejorar su eficacia dentro de la matriz alcalina de los compuestos cementicios. Los resultados han mostrado una excelente interacción entre los tejidos y la matriz utilizada, pues el poliéster además mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de los hilos y proteger las fibras frente a la alcalinidad de la matriz, aumenta la adherencia con esta, y con ello mejora las prestaciones mecánicas del FRCC. Donde los resultados presentan las fibras de lino y cáñamo (por sus mejores propiedades mecánicas frente a otras fibras vegetales) como las fibras vegetales con mayor futuro dentro de los materiales compuestos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HAC2018.2018.5501