bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Helicobacter pylori with colorectal cancer development
Authors: Alsamak Fadi Fouad , Abdulamir Ahmed Sahib , Mahdi Laila Khalid , Alnaib Khalid , Bakar Fatimah Abu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be associated with colorectal cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Objectives: Explore the serostatus of H. pylori cytotoxicity-associated gene A product (CagA) in patients with colorectal carcinoma, and assess the association of H. pylori with colorectal cancer via c-Myc and MUC-2 proteins at tumor tissues. Methods: H. pylori CagA IgG antibodies were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 30 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 30 cancer-free control subjects. Paraffin-embedded blocks were examined for the expression of c-Myc and MUC-2 protein by immunohistochemistry. Results: H. pylori CagA seropositivity increased significantly among colorectal cancer patients (p <0.05). The expression of c-Myc and MUC-2 in colorectal carcinoma patients was over-expressed (80%), and downexpressed (63%) in resection margins (p <0.05). c-Myc over-expression and MUC-2 down-expression were associated with CagA-positive rather than CagA-negative H. pylori patients. In 16 CagA seropositive vs. 14 CagA seronegative patients, the expression rate was 97.3% vs. 64.2% and 33.3% vs. 78.5% for cMyc and MUC-2, respectively. CagA IgG level was significantly higher in positive than in negative c-Myc patients (p= 0.036), and in negative than in positive MUC-2 patients (p= 0.044). c-Myc and MUC-2 were positively and inversely correlated with CagA IgG level (p <0.05). Conclusions: CagA-seropositive H. pylori is most probably associated with colorectal cancer development. Part of the underlying mechanism for such association might be via alterations in expression of MUC-2, which depletes the mucous protective layer in the colo-rectum, and c-Myc, which stimulates the growth of cancerous cells.
Effects of intense exercise on biochemical and histological changes in rat liver and pancreas
Authors: Praphatsorn Panu , Thong-Ngam Duangporn , Kulaputana Onanong , Klaikeaw Naruemon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Exercise has various effects on hepatic and pancreatic function. There is little information available for effects of exercise on histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas. Objective: Investigate the effect of intensive exercise on blood biochemical changes and histopathology in rat liver and pancreas. Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1 (normal control): no exercise, 2 (exercise 75% VO2max): running on treadmill at 75% VO2max and sacrificed immediately after exercise, 3 (exercise 75% VO2max+6 hours): running on treadmill at 75% VO2max and sacrificed at six hours after exercise, 4 (exercise 90% VO2max): running on treadmill at 90% VO2max and immediately sacrificed after exercise, 5 (exercise 90% VO2max+6 hours): running on treadmill at 90% VO2max and sacrificed at six hours after exercise. Samples of blood, liver and pancreas were collected at the end of each experiment. Results: The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased significantly in group 2 and 4, compared with normal control. Serum total bilirubin (TB) and enzyme lipase increased significantly in group 4 compared with normal control. In all group of exercise, liver histopathology showed hepatocyte edema and necroinflammation, and pancreas showed congestion and edema. Conclusion: High-intensity exercise at 75% and 90% VO2max caused an increase of biochemical parametes in liver and pancreas. The levels of exercise also caused histopathology changes in the liver and pancreas.
Airflow inside the nasal cavity: visualization using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Zubair Mohammed , Riazuddin Vizy Nazira , Abdullah Mohammed Zulkifly , Ismail Rushdan , Shuaib Ibrahim Lutfi , Hamid Suzina Abdul , Ahmad Kamarul Arifin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: It is of clinical importance to examine the nasal cavity pre-operatively on surgical treatments. However, there is no simple and easy way to measure airflow in the nasal cavity. Objectives: Visualize the flow features inside the nasal cavity using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and study the effect of different breathing rates on nasal function. Method: A three-dimensional nasal cavity model was reconstructed based on computed tomographic images of a healthy Malaysian adult nose. Navier-Stokes and continuity equations for steady airflow were solved numerically to examine the inspiratory nasal flow. Results: The flow resistance obtained varied from 0.026 to 0.124 Pa.s/mL at flow-rate from 7.5 L/min to 40 L/min. Flow rates by breathing had significant influence on airflow velocity and wall shear-stress in the vestibule and nasal valve region. Conclusion: Airflow simulations based on CFD is most useful for better understanding of flow phenomenon inside the nasal cavity.
Adenosine pretreatment attenuates angiotensin II-mediated p38 MAPK activation in a protein kinase A dependent manner
Authors: Yaghooti Hamid , Firoozrai Mohsen , Fallah Soudabeh , Khorramizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: Adenosine is known as a protective and anti-inflammatory nucleoside. Angiotensin II is the main hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. It is associated with endothelial permeability, recruitment, and activation of the immune cells through induction of inflammatory mediators. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in inflammatory processes mediated by macrophages. Objectives: Investigate whether adenosine pretreatment modulates angiotensin II-induced MMP-9 expression and activation of signaling molecules. Methods: Human monocytic U-937 cells were treated with either adenosine or angiotensin II alone or angiotensin II following a pretreatment with adenosine. Supernatants were analyzed for MMP-9 activity by zymography method. MMP-9 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Activation of inflammatory mediators IκB-α, NF-κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, and STAT3 were analyzed by a multi-target ELISA kit. Association of Protein kinase A (PKA) in adenosine effects was studied by pre-incubation with H89, a selective PKA inhibitor. Results: Treatment of the cells with angiotensin II significantly increased MMP-9 production (p <0.05). Adenosine pretreatment did not attenuate this angiotensin II effect. Angiotensin II treatment induced NF-κB, JNK and p38 activation. Pretreatment with adenosine prior to angiotensin II stimulation showed a 40% inhibitory effect on p38 induction (p <0.05). This effect was reversed by PKA inhibition. Conclusion: The present data confirmed that monocytic MMP-9 was a target gene for angiotensin II. Adenosine pretreatment did not inhibit MMP-9 increase in response to angiotensin II. However, it showed a potential inhibitory effect on angiotensin II inflammatory signaling.
Cerebellar hemorrhage in utero associated with ‘massive’ fetal thrombotic vasculopathy
Authors: Taweevisit Mana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: Cerebellar hemorrhage is a rare but serious perinatal condition with various etiologies leading to fetal and neonatal death and adverse neurological complications. Complete autopsy and placental examination are essential for identification of a cause of the bleeding. Objective: Present a case of cerebellar hemorrhage in utero associated with ‘massive’ fetal thrombotic vasculopathy (FTV). Method: Autopsy of a stillborn female fetus, 26 weeks gestation, with intrauterine growth restriction, delivered by a 37-year-old woman. Results: The fetus showed multiple recent peticheal hemorrhages along the cerebellar cortex. The placenta revealed a large thrombosed chorionic blood vessel. Microscopic findings showed multiple vascular thrombosis and massive FTV throughout the placental villi. These were recognized as two histologic patterns, ‘early’ stromal karryorhxis, and ‘late’ villous stromal involution. Conclusion: Massive FTV was a leading cause of fetal stress due to increased resistant of downstream placental villi. This longstanding stressful environment induced auto-regulation impairment of fetal cerebral blood flow resulting in cerebellar parenchymal bleeding. Careful placental examination is beneficial for understating the mode and mechanism of fetal death.
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in the pro-proliferation activity of CD40-CD40L in AGS gastric cancer cells
Authors: Ning Yongling , Qian Keqing , Qi Chunjian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: CD40 is a type α-membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family, and CD40- induced responses may mediate growth and angiogenesis in carcinoma cells. Objectives: Define the effect of CD40 ligation on AGS gastric cancer cell line and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) signals in this process. Methods: We treated AGS cells with 1 μg/mL soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) with or without pre-incubation of either anti-VEGF mAb (MAB293) or VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU5416). We determined the growth effects by cell counts or [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and VEGF levels in cell-free supernatant using enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Results: The engagement of CD40-induced AGS cells proliferation accompanied by a significant increase autocrine VEGF through PI3K activation (p <0.05), and exogenous VEGF alone had no effect on spontaneous cell growth. SU5416 with a concentration of 8 μM lead to a dramatic decrease in cell survival induced by sCD40L (p <0.05), whereas MAB293 did not have the similar effect (p >0.05). Conclusion: CD40-CD40L interaction promoted AGS cancer cell line proliferation through a VEGFR-dependent signal pathway in the presence of an internal autocrine loop.
Transient temperature distribution on the corneal endothelium during ophthalmic phacoemulsification: a numerical simulation using the nodeless variable element
Authors: Limtrakarn Wiroj , Reepolmaha Somporn , Dechaumphai Pramote 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: During cataract operation (phacoemulsification), a phaco needle-tip is inserted into the anterior chamber of eye. Then, heat is generated by the oscillation of the phaco needle, which may injury the corneal endothelial cells. There are no data available for temperature responses at the corneal endothelium to heat from the phaco needle during phacoemulsification. Objective: Investigate temperature distribution on the corneal endothelium during ophthalmic phacoemulsification using numerical simulation, and compare the transient temperature response to heat between balanced salt solution (BSS) and ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD), Viscoat®. Methods: Heat flux from a phaco needle was measured with thermal properties of BSS and AVS in an experimental setting. Then, nodeless variable finite element method was applied to predict temperature changes in the eye by the phaco needle inserted into the anterior chamber. The transient temperature distribution on the corneal endothelium was calculated at 10, 20, and 30 seconds after heat generation by the needle. Results: The heat generation of phaco needle without sleeve cover was 1.6 kW/m2. The numerical simulation showed that the maximum temperature occurs on the wound location at all times after heat generation by the phaco needle. Especially, at time 30 seconds, it was 49.2 and 41.7°C in BSS and OVD, respectively. The temperature elevation by the phaco needle was lower in OVD than BSS. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is a heat-generating procedure performed between the anterior chamber structures of eye. During this procedure, OVD may protect the corneal endothelium against heat better than BSS.
Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and RAPD-PCR typing of Acinetobacter bacteria
Authors: Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Ranjbar Reza , Zaeimi Javad , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef , Ghafouryan Sobhan , Raftari Mohammad , Abdulamir Ahmed Sahib , Delpisheh Ali , Mohebi Reza , Bakar Fatimah Abu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Multiple-drug resistant Acinetobacter have widely spread in the last decades imposing a serious nosocomial source of infection. Nevertheless, little knowledge was gaimed on tracing the development of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species. Objectives: Explore Acinetobacter spp. via antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and random amplified polymorphism DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) typing. Methods: One hundred twelve Acinetobacter isolates (including 66 A. baumannii and 46 non-Acinetobacter baumannii strains) were obtained from three university hospitals. The source of infection of these isolates included blood, urine, wound, and respiratory tract. Their susceptibilities to 17 antibiotics were tested and then all Acinetobacter isolates were typed by plasmid analysis and RAPD-PCR method. Results: A. baumannii isolates revealed nine different patterns of antibiotic resistance. Of those, non- A. baumannii, were associated with plasmid and RAPD-PCR typings (p <0.05). A. baumannii was more resistant to multiple antibiotics than non-A. baumannii (p <0.05). Seven different plasmid profiles were observed among 112 Acinetobacter isolates. Plasmids were found in 107 (95.5%) of the 112 isolates. Unlike in RAPD-PCR typing, there was no difference between the type of Acinetobacter, A. or non-A. baumannii strains and plasmid profiles (p >0.05). By RAPD-PCR, six profiles were found for each A. and non-A. baumannii strains. The pattern 6 was the most common pattern among the isolates. Both plasmid and RAPD-PCR typing showed no association between plasmid profiling and site of infection (p >0.05). Conclusion: There is a wide spread of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp., particularly A. baumannii, in the Middle East region that can be traced efficiently by plasmid and genotyping typing of Acinetobacter. More care should be taken for tracing the development of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter using precise molecular typing techniques.
Intraocular pressure outcome after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in chronic angle closure glaucoma patients without extensive peripheral anterior synechiae
Authors: Sakpisuttivanit Kanokorn , Tantisevi Visanee 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background:Cataract extraction surgery significantly decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with various forms of angle closure glaucoma (ACG). However, most reports did not specify the circumferential extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS). Objective: Evaluate IOP after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in chronic ACG patients without extensive PAS. Materials and methods: Data of chronic ACG patients with documented peripheral PAS <180 degrees and clinically significant cataract, who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation at King Chulalongkorn Momorial Hospital between May 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics as gender, degree of PAS, IOP, and number of medications were collected. The outcomes were post-operative IOP at 6, 12, and 18 months, and number of hypotensive medications. Results: Twenty-five eyes from 25 patients (mean age: 73.0 years old) were included in this study. Twenty-three out of 25 patients were female, and 17 had PAS less than 90 degrees. Pre-operative mean IOP was 15.6 mmHg, while pre-operative median (Q1, Q3) number of hypotensive medications was 2 (1, 2). After operation, statistically significant lower IOPs were seen at all time points. Mean IOP at 6, 12, and 18 months were 12.4, 11.0, and 11.9 mmHg respectively. In addition, post-operative number of hypotensive medication was also statistically significantly less than baseline, with median (Q1, Q3) 1 (0, 1), and 20% of these eyes were medication-free. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery alone in chronic ACG patients without extensive PAS can significantly lower IOP up to 18 months postoperatively.
Detection of equine infectious anemia nucleic acid in asymptomatic carrier horses by nested PCR
Authors: Suntrarachun Sunutcha , Akesowan Surasak , Tirawatnapong Thaweesak 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection that is characterized by recurring episodes of fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Most of the horses may control EIAV replication within a year, remaining persistently infected without clinical signs of disease. Objective: Detect EIA nucleic acid from peripheral blood of asymptomatic horses using nested PCR. Materials and method: We used nested PCR, amplifying P26 gag gene of EIAV, for direct detection of viral RNA in plasma and proviral DNA from PBMC in asymptomatic carrier horses in comparison with the Coggins test. EIA nucleic acid was prepared from 20 seropositive and five EIAV seronegative horses. Amplification of 246 bp expected size fragments was obtained using two different sets of primers targeting the P26 gag gene. Results: Among 20 seropositive horses, nine samples were positive for RNA and DNA. The five samples were positive for DNA but not for RNA, which indicates that the virus integrated into the host cell genome with a low level of viral replication. However, six samples were negative for both DNA and RNA. False negative could result due to primer failure caused by gag sequences variation among strains circulating in Thailand when compared with various strains from other parts of the world. EIAV antigens may also be prepared from cell cultures contaminated with other retroviruses thus causing false positives with the Coggins test. Conclusion: Nested PCR can be a useful tool for detecting the presence of EIAV in asymptomatic carrier horses. This may be especially true during the acute stage of the disease where the viremia levels are usually at the highest levels before detectable antibodies appear.
Changeability of the Ice Cover on the Lakes of Northern Poland in the Light of Climatic Changes
Authors: Skowron Rajmund 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The study is based upon instrumental observations of ice covers which formed on the lakes in northern Poland in the period 1956-2005 and records of air temperature measured at 9 meteorological stations in the period 1960-2005. Relations between mean dates of ice cover freeze-up, ice cover duration, maximum ice thickness, and also other properties of ice regime indicate obvious dependency upon air temperatures in winter months (December-February). Both air temperatures and main properties of ice covers revealed definite trends, showing the increase in air temperature in winter (0.04-0.06°C year-1), earlier disappearance of ice cover (0.5-0.6 day year-1), its shorter duration (0.6-0.7 day year-1), and decreases in maximum thickness of the ice cover (0.2-0.25 cm year-1). The author shows considerable statistical relations between main properties of the course of the ice cover, air temperatures in winter and the NAO winter indexes. Therefore, changeability of the ice covers on the lakes in northern Poland in the latter half of the twentieth century may be treated as another proof and an indirect indicator of climatic changes undergoing in this part of Europe.
The Middle Ages in Pollen-Analytical Research on the Territory of the Czech Republic
Authors: Jankovská Vlasta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
An orientation survey of mostly the author’s own results of pollen analyses of medieval sediments from archaeological sites in the Czech Republic is presented. The aim of the several-year-long cooperation with archaeologists was to find out whether, and to what extent, the results of pollen analysis are able to specify more exactly the outcomes of archaeological research. Existing pollen-analytical results confirmed their potential to contribute to interdisciplinary archaeological-archaeobotanical research. From a pollen-analytical perspective it was possible to distinguish early medieval material from high medieval material, particularly in the area of larger medieval towns. Selected finds of palynomorphs (pollen grains, spores and Non-Pollen-Palynomorphs) are mentioned in more detail in the chapters “Botany and pharmacy”, “Hygiene and social situation”, “Problems of the age, function and/or disappearance of some archaeological features and situations” and “Pollen analysis and history”.
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ALAMIAH DAN ALAMIAH
Authors: Widyastono Herry 
Published: April 2018

Metodologi penelitian dapat dibedakan antara metodologi penelitian kuantitatif (penelitian ilmiah) dan metodologi penelitianÂ kualitatif (penelitian alamiah). Penelitian ilmiah pada umumnya menggunakan proses logika-hipotetiko-verivikatif, sedangkan penelitian alamiah pada umumnya menggunakan proses sirkuler. Kadangkala karena ketidaktahuan kita, kemudian kita mengidentifikasi diri sebagai penganut metode tertentu, dan dengan latah mengecam metode lainnya. Walaupun terdapat perbedaan antaraÂ kedua metode tersebut, tak ada faedahnya untuk memperÂ­tentangkannya bahkan memandangnya sebagai dua aliran yang bermusuhan. Yang perlu diperhatikan ialah bahwa ada masalah yang lebih sesuai diteliti dengan menggunakan penelitian ilmiah, ada pula masalah yang lebih sesuai diteliti dengan menggunakan penelitian alamiah. Penelitian ilmiah lebih menekankan pada pengukuran produk, sedangkan penelitian alamiah lebih menekankan pada pengukuran proses.
KAJIAN KARYA SASTRA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF FEMINISME SEBAGAI PIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA YANG BERORIENTASI GENDER
Authors: Heryadi Dedi 
Published: April 2018

Gerakan kaum wanita dalam menentang paham patriarkhi terus bergejolak melalui berbagai aktivitas kehidupan sosial. Salah satu hal yang cukup menarik yaitu munculnya gerakan kaum wanita dalam menentang paham patriarki melalui sorotan pada karya sastra. Mereka memandang bahwa karya sastra merupakan cerminan kehidupan sosial pada latar di mana karya sastra itu dilahirkan. Model gerakan ini tampaknya sangat efektif dalam upaya menyadarkan semua pihak untuk memahami dan mengaplikasikan dalam kehidupan bahwa masalah gender bukanlah alat untuk memilah kaum lemah dan kuat melainkan suatu kodrati yang harus menjadi dasar hidup saling membutuhkan dan berperan secara proporsional. Salah satu kasus karya sastra yang cukup menarik dikaji berdasarkan perspektif feminisme adalah novel berjudulÂ "Women at Point Zero" karya seorang sastrawan wanita Mesir yangÂ bernama Nawal el-Sadawi. Novel ini menggambarkan fenomena kehidupan wanita sebagai korban paham patriarkhi. Bagi dunia pembelajaran sastra hasil kajian model ini sangat bermanfaat baik secara teoretis maupun praktis. Secara teoretis hasil kajian ini bermanfaat sebagai pemerkaya teori sastra yang sudah ada dan secara praktis (khusus untuk pengajaran sastra) dapat dijadikan pola dan pijakan pengembangan model pembelajaran sastra yang berorientasi pada penumbuhan sikap kesadaran pembelajar dalam menghadapi isu-isu gender yang sedang merebak dalam kehidupan umat manusia saat ini.