bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An early Paleozoic Subduction Channel in the North Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China: Structural, Petrological and Chronological Constraints
Authors: ZHANG Jianxin , YU Xingxing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDetailed geological mapping, structural, petrological and chronological investigation allow us to place new constraints on the tectono‐thermal evolution of the North Qilian high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic belt. The North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt manly consists of eclogite, blueschist, metasedimentary rocks and serpentinite. Most of eclogites and mafic blueschists occur as lenses within metasedimentary rocks, and minor eclogites within serpentinite. Petrological and geochemistical data indicate that the protoliths of eclogite and mafic blueschist includes E‐, N‐MORB, OIB and arc basalt. Geochronology and Lu‐Hf isotope of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks indicate the detritus materials are derived from Qilian block and likely deposit in continental margin or fore‐arc basin. Zircon U‐Pb datings show that the protolith ages of eclogites vary between 500 Ma and 530 Ma, and the metamorphic age of eclogite between 460 and 489 Ma. The detrital zircon ages of metasedimentary rocks distribute between 532 and 2700 Ma. The structural data show that the deformation related to the subduction during prograde is recorded in eclogite blocks. In contrast, the dominant deformation structures are characterized by tight fold, sheath fold and penetrative foliation and lineation, which are recorded in various rocks, reflecting a top‐to‐the‐south shear sense and representing the deformation related to the exhumation. The petrological data suggest that the different rocks in the North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt equilibrated at different peak metamorphic conditions and recorded different P‐T path. Synthesizing the structural, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data suggest a subduction channel model related to oceanic subduction during Paleozoic in the North Qilian Mountains. The different HP/LT metamorphic rocks formed in different settings with various protolith ages were carried by the subducted oceanic crust into different depth in subduction channel, and experienced independent tectono‐thermal evolution inside subduction channel. The North Qilian HP/LT mélange reflects a fossil oceanic subduction channel.
Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism and Tectonic Evolution of Southwestern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, China: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: ZHANG Lifei , WANG Yang , ZHANG Lijuan , LÜ Zeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, a huge ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt of oceanic‐type has been recognized in southwestern (SW) Tianshan, China. Petrological studies show that the UHP metamorphic rocks of SW Tianshan orogenic belt include mafic eclogites and blueschists, felsic garnet phengite schists, marbles and serpentinites. The well‐preserved coesite inclusions were commonly found in eclogites, garnet phengite schists and marbles. Ti‐clinohumite and Ti‐chondrodite have been identified in UHP metamorphic serpentinites. Based on the PT pseudosection calculation and combined U‐Pb zircon dating, the P‐T‐t path has been outlined as four stages: cold subduction to UHP conditions before ∼320 Ma whose peak ultrahigh pressure is about 30 kbar at 500oC, heating decompression from the Pmax to the Tmax stage before 305 Ma whose peak temperature is about 600oC at 22kbar, then the early cold exhumation from amphibolite eclogite facies to epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism characterized by ITD PT path before 220 Ma and the last tectonic exhumation from epidote amphibolite facies to greenschist facies metamorphism. Combining with the syn‐subduction arc‐like 333‐326 Ma granitic rocks and 280‐260 Ma S‐type granites in the coeval low‐pressure and high‐temperature (LP‐HT) metamorphic belt, the tectonic evolution of Tianshan UHP metamorphic belt during late Cambrian to early Triassic has been proposed.
The Exhumation of Dabie Ultrahigh‐High Pressure Metamorphic Rocks Shown by the Deformation of Taihu‐Mamiao Shear zone
Authors: LI Liguo , LIANG Chao , XIANG Biwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the discovery of high‐pressure metamorphic minerals such as coesite and diamond (Xu et al., 1992), the exhumation mode and process of the Dabie ultrahigh‐high pressure (UHP) rocks had become hot topics. For the exhumation process of UHP rocks, several explanation models had been proposed, and the subduction tunnel mode (Warren et al., 2008) seemed to be recognized by most scholars. A low rheological zone formed along the subduction, and the deep subduction material was rapidly exhumated by buoyancy or tectonic stress. In the tunnel, the exhuming rock moved at the opposite direction of the subduction. Following this model, the Dabie UHP rock exhumation structure would generally tend to NW, and show a top to SE shear sense (Fig 1a, b). However, the existing structural observations indicate that the UHP rocks tend to be S‐SE with the top to NW shear sense (Faure et al., 2003). Therefore, the more detailly analysis of the exhumation structure in the UHP rocks, especially in the exhuming shear zone is very necessary.
Petrological and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Oil Sands from the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation in the Southern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Ye Liang , Xuanlong Shan , Guoli Hao , Makeen Yousif M. , Abdullah Wan Hasiah , Ayinla Habeeb Ayoola , Lihua Tong , Rongsheng Zhao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn integrated petrological and geochemical analysis of surface and drilled oil sands was conducted to assess the organic matter origin/type, thermal maturity and paleoenvironment. Petrographic analysis of the oil sand used to establish the relationships between porosity and permeability with bulk density, RQI, NPI and FZI. The strong correlation between reservoir quality index (RQI) and permeability (R2 = 0.98) reveal that porosity has a good correlation to RQI. The biomarker signatures of the analyzed oil reveal predominance of subaquatic‐derived source input with mainly land plant materials. This was indicated based on the average concentration of αααC27:C28:C29 sterane 20R of about 38%, 22% and 40% respectively. This interpretation is also supported by high values of tricyclic terpane/αβC30 hopane and regular sterane/αβC30 hopane. An anoxic condition of deposition within a lacustrine paleoenvironment that attributed to the enhancement of the preservation of the organic matters in the area were indicated based on the low Pr/Ph ratios (average 0.74), low values of αβC31‐22R‐hopane/αβC30 hopane ratios and high C26/C25 tricyclic terpane ratios as well as the presence of gammacerane and a low water salinity. Biomarker maturity parameters show that the extracted oil sand has entered the early oil window stage.
Restored immune cell functions upon clearance of senescence in the irradiated splenic environment
Authors: Palacio Lina , Goyer Marie‐Lyn , Maggiorani Damien , Espinosa Andrea , Villeneuve Norbert , Bourbonnais Sara , Moquin‐Beaudry Gaël , Le Oanh , Demaria Marco , Davalos Albert R. , Decaluwe Hélène , Beauséjour Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSome studies show eliminating senescent cells rejuvenate aged mice and attenuate deleterious effects of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether senescence affects immune cell function. We provide evidence that exposure of mice to ionizing radiation (IR) promotes the senescent‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and expression of p16INK4a in splenic cell populations. We observe splenic T cells exhibit a reduced proliferative response when cultured with allogenic cells in vitro and following viral infection in vivo. Using p16‐3MR mice that allow elimination of p16INK4a‐positive cells with exposure to ganciclovir, we show that impaired T‐cell proliferation is partially reversed, mechanistically dependent on p16INK4a expression and the SASP. Moreover, we found macrophages isolated from irradiated spleens to have a reduced phagocytosis activity in vitro, a defect also restored by the elimination of p16INK4a expression. Our results provide molecular insight on how senescence‐inducing IR promotes loss of immune cell fitness, which suggest senolytic drugs may improve immune cell function in aged and patients undergoing cancer treatment.
A Research Agenda for Emergency Medicine–based Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Miller Melissa K. , Chernick Lauren S. , Goyal Monika K. , Reed Jennifer L. , Ahmad Fahd A. , Hoehn Erin F. , Pickett Michelle S. , Stukus Kristin , Mollen Cynthia J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to identify key questions for emergency medicine (EM)‐based adolescent sexual and reproductive health and to develop an evidence‐based research agenda.MethodsWe recruited national content experts to serve as advisory group members and used a modified Delphi technique to develop consensus around actionable research questions related to EM‐based adolescent reproductive and sexual health care. Author subgroups conducted literature reviews and developed the initial list of research questions, which were iteratively refined with advisory members. External stakeholders then independently rated each item for its importance in expanding the evidence base (1 = not important to 5 = very important) via electronic survey.ResultsOur final list of 24 research questions included items that intersected all sexual and reproductive health topics as well as questions specific to human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STIs), pregnancy prevention, confidentiality/consent, public health, and barriers and facilitators to care. External stakeholders rated items related to HIV/STI, cost‐effectiveness, brief intervention for sexual risk reduction, and implementation and dissemination as most important.ConclusionsWe identified critical questions to inform EM‐based adolescent sexual and reproductive health research. Because evidence‐based care has potential to improve health outcomes while reducing costs associated with HIV/STI and unintended pregnancy, funders and researchers should consider increasing attention to these key questions.
Spread pathways of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L.: The potential for water dispersal
Authors: Mao Runping , Nguyen Thi Lan Thi , Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Adkins Steve W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractParthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) utilises multiple mechanisms to facilitate its dispersal. It has been speculated that the cypsela, the propagule of this species, can be dispersed by water under varying environmental conditions. Four experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis, using simulated shaking and immersion to test floating ability and viability of the propagule in water. The influence of the acidity of the immersion medium on cypsela viability was also examined. Our results revealed that the freshly harvested cypselae could float on river water for at least 20 days, although around 80% sank within a week if moderate or severe turbulence was applied. Sinkage was observed to be more rapid in naked seeds (within a day) than in cypsela (within a week). On still water surfaces, germination occurred within a week but extended to 1.5 weeks under turbulent conditions due to sinkage. In river water, initial germination of floating cypselae was greater (70%) under illuminated conditions as compared to dark conditions (20%). The viability of immersed cypselae was found to remain high in distilled water for 45 days, when immersion was in cool conditions (10 or 15°C). However, in moderate (20 and 24°C) or warm (25 and 30°C) conditions, the rate of viability loss increased, and at 34°C, around 50% of the cypselae died after 20 days of immersion. Similar trends for cypselae longevity were observed in studies using river and pond water; viability loss was faster, especially in pond water. In summary, a proportion of cypselae will float in turbulent water and could be carried significant distances in river systems. Immersed cypselae can remain viable for weeks and can germinate on contact with soil. Water bodies or floods are therefore considered as important pathways in parthenium weed dispersal; hence, post‐flood monitoring is strongly recommended to minimise its spread.
Effect of alpha‐lipoic acid and myoinositol on endometrial inflammasome from recurrent pregnancy loss women
Authors: Di Nicuolo Fiorella , D'Ippolito Silvia , Castellani Roberta , Rossi Esther Diana , Masciullo Valeria , Specchia Monia , Mariani Marco , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProblemA significant increased expression/activation of one of the most well‐characterized inflammasomes, the NAcht leucine‐rich‐repeat protein‐3 (NALP‐3), in the endometrium from idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss women (RPL) has been previously found by our research group. We therefore, suggested this event as being one of the molecular mechanisms altering endometrial inflammatory status during early pregnancy. In the present research, we attempt to investigate whether molecules with anti‐inflammatory activity, alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), and/or myoinositol affect the endometrial NALP‐3 expression and activation.Method of studyWomen with a history of idiopathic RPL (n = 30) were included in the study and compared to a control group (n = 15). Endometrial tissues were collected by hysteroscopy during the mid‐luteal phase. RPL women underwent a three‐month prescription of tablets containing ALA plus myoinositol (Sinopol®). After treatment, hysteroscopic biopsies were repeated in RPL patients. Inflammasome expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. NALP‐3 activation was studied by quantifying the secretion of both caspase‐1 and interleukin (IL)‐1ß and IL‐18 through ELISA. In ex vivo experiments, the effects of each molecule on endometrial inflammasome were studied.ResultsSinopol® significantly reduced the RPL endometrial inflammasome expression and activation. ALA, but not myoinositol, significantly reduced the endometrial inflammasome expression and activity.ConclusionOur data suggest a role for ALA on RPL inflammasome. Understanding the mechanisms involved in RPL and the observation that specific molecules are able to interfere with such complex at the endometrium might provide new rational design approaches to a personalized evaluation of endometrial status and, ultimately, a targeted medicine.
Changing incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries—A result of formal prevention programs?
Authors: Jangö Hanna , Westergaard Hanne B. , Kjærbye‐Thygesen Anette , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Lauenborg Jeannet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are serious complications to vaginal delivery causing anal incontinence in 50% of the women in the long term. In Norway, the incidence of OASIS has been significantly reduced from 4%‐5% to 1%‐2% after implementation of prevention programs focusing on perineal protection. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether implementation of formal prevention programs was associated with a reduced incidence of OASIS over time.Material and methodsWe performed a historical cohort study, evaluating incidence, change of incidence and risk factors of OASIS during the years 2011‐2015 at the four delivery departments in the Capital Region of Denmark. Two of the four departments implemented formal prevention programs in 2012‐2013. We performed trend tests and uni‐ and multivariable analyses, adjusting for important risk factors and calculating interactions between risk factors.ResultsThere were 75 173 vaginal deliveries during the study period; of those, 2670 (3.6%) were complicated by OASIS. The incidence of OASIS decreased during the study period from 4.3% (n = 636) in 2011 to 2.6% (n = 399) in 2015. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of OASIS at both the departments with formal prevention programs and those without. After adjustment for other important risk factors of OASIS, we found no significant difference in the risk reduction between departments with and without formal prevention programs.ConclusionsWe found that the general focus on prevention of OASIS in Denmark was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of OASIS, but implementation of formal prevention programs did not lead to a further reduction. It is possible that more rigorous interventions at the hospitals with formal prevention programs could have resulted in a significant difference in incidence of OASIS.
Growth performance, carcass quality characteristics and colonic microbiota profiles in finishing pigs fed diets with different inclusion levels of rice distillers’ by‐product
Authors: Nguyen Cong Oanh , Bernard Taminiau , Pham Kim Dang , Do Duc Luc , Nassim Moula , Nguyen Thi Huyen , Nguyen Hoang Thinh , Georges Daube , Jérôme Bindelle , Vu Dinh Ton , Hornick Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing rice distillers’ by‐product (RDP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and gut microbiota of fattening pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), 56.9 ± 3.1 kg initial body weight, were randomly allocated to three groups. For 56 days, pigs were fed one of three diets including RDP0 (control), RDP15 (15% RDP in DM), and RDP30 (30% RDP in DM). With RDP level in diet, average daily gain and backfat thickness linearly increased (p < 0.05), and drip loss tended to increase (p ≤ 0.08). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon profiling showed that RDP was associated with modulation of colonic microbiota composition, especially at family and genus levels. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families in colonic digesta increased with inclusion of RDP, while that of Enterobacteriaceae decreased. The proportion of genera unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Butyrivibrio increased as inclusion of RDP. These results indicate that up to 30% inclusion in diet of finishing pigs, RDP can modulate colonic microbiota composition, and induces an improvement of animal growth and fat deposition.
Morphological characteristics of the uterus and uterine cervix of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus)
Authors: Flamini Mirta A. , Barbeito Claudio G. , Portiansky Enrique L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe plains viscacha is a hystricognathi rodent with special reproductive characteristics. Despite poly‐ovulation of 800 oocytes, it generates a high embryonic mortality since from 10 to 12 implantations only one or two offspring are born. The present work analyses the morphological, morphometrical, histochemical and lectinhistochemical characteristics of the uterus and uterine cervix of pregnant and non‐pregnant viscacha. Anatomically, the uterus has two horns each one continued with a short cervix devoid of glands. The structure of the uterus is like that of other species; however, the proportion and size of its glands varies according to the physiological state. In viscacha, there is no uterine body and cervices cannot be differentiated externally. The formation of two sack bottoms is determined by the presence of a middle raphe in the cranial portion of the vagina. The so‐described anatomy is different from that described in other hystricognathi such as guinea pig and coypu. The cervix presents two microscopically differentiable regions: the endocervix and the ectocervix lined by epithelia with different characteristics. The general characteristics of the uterus of L. maximus do not show specific differences with those of other mammals that might explain its peculiar gestation.
Standardizing clinical care measures of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy: A qualitative synthesis
Authors: Vaughan Geraldine , Dawson Angela , Peek Michael J. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable cardiac condition that escalates risk in pregnancy. Models of care informed by evidence‐based clinical guidelines are essential to optimal health outcomes. There are no published reviews that systematically explore approaches to care provision for pregnant women with RHD and examine reported measures. The review objective was to improve understanding of how attributes of care for these women are reported and how they align with guidelines.MethodsA search of 13 databases was supported by hand‐searching. Papers that met inclusion criteria were appraised using CASP/JBI checklists. A content analysis of extracted data from the findings sections of included papers was undertaken, informed by attributes of quality care identified previously from existing guidelines.ResultsThe 43 included studies were predominantly conducted in tertiary care centers of low‐income and middle‐income countries. Cardiac guidelines were referred to in 25 of 43 studies. Poorer outcomes were associated with higher risk scores (detailed in 36 of 41 quantitative studies). Indicators associated with increased risk include anticoagulation during pregnancy (28 of 41 reported) and late booking (gestation documented in 15 of 41 studies). Limited access to cardiac interventions was discussed (19 of 43) in the context of poorer outcomes. Conversely, early assessment and access to regular multidisciplinary care were emphasized in promoting optimal outcomes for women and their babies.ConclusionsDespite often complex care requirements in challenging environments, pregnancy provides an opportunity to strengthen health system responses and address whole‐of‐life health for women with RHD. A standard set of core indicators is proposed to more accurately benchmark care pathways, outcomes, and burden.
Amustaline‐glutathione pathogen‐reduced red blood cell concentrates for transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia
Authors: Aydinok Yesim , Piga Antonio , Origa Raffaella , Mufti Nina , Erickson Anna , North Anne , Waldhaus Katie , Ernst Christine , Lin Jin‐Sying , Huang Norman , Benjamin Richard J. , Corash Laurence 
Published: May 2019

SummaryTransfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT) requires red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) to prevent complications of anaemia, but carries risk of infection. Pathogen reduction of RBCC offers potential to reduce infectious risk. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pathogen‐reduced (PR) Amustaline‐Glutathione (A‐GSH) RBCC for TDT. Patients were randomized to a blinded 2‐period crossover treatment sequence for six transfusions over 8–10 months with Control and A‐GSH‐RBCC. The efficacy outcome utilized non‐inferiority analysis with 90% power to detect a 15% difference in transfused haemoglobin (Hb), and the safety outcome was the incidence of antibodies to A‐GSH‐PR‐RBCC. By intent to treat (80 patients), 12·5 ± 1·9 RBCC were transfused in each period. Storage durations of A‐GSH and C‐RBCC were similar (8·9 days). Mean A‐GSH‐RBCC transfused Hb (g/kg/day) was not inferior to Control (0·113 ± 0·04 vs. 0·111 ± 0·04, P = 0·373, paired t‐test). The upper bound of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference from the mixed effects model was 0·005 g/kg/day, within a non‐inferiority margin of 0·017 g/kg/day. A‐GSH‐RBCC mean pre‐transfusion Hb levels declined by 6·0 g/l. No antibodies to A‐GSH‐RBCC were detected, and there were no differences in adverse events. A‐GSH‐RBCCs offer potential to reduce infectious risk in TDT with a tolerable safety profile.