bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible ZIFs: probing guest‐induced flexibility with CO2, N2 and Ar adsorption
Authors: Noguera‐Díaz Antonio , Villarroel‐Rocha Jhonny , Ting Valeska P , Bimbo Nuno , Sapag Karim , Mays Timothy J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of framework topology on the guest‐induced flexibility of several crystalline zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐7, ZIF‐9, ZIF‐11 and ZIF‐12) was investigated via analysis of experimental nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and argon (Ar) isotherms at 77 K (N2 and Ar) and 273 K (CO2) for gas pressures up to 0.13 MPa.RESULTSThe experimental isotherms of these frameworks were analysed in order to investigate their structural flexibility using gases with kinetic diameters equal to or larger than the diameters of their static pore apertures. The results of gas sorption measurements indicate guest‐induced phase changes for ZIF‐7 and ZIF‐9 (SOD topologies). ZIF‐12 (RHO topology) also shows uptake for gases, despite its pore‐limiting diameter being smaller than the kinetic diameters of the adsorbed molecules.CONCLUSIONSThis work highlights the ability of ZIFs with different framework topologies to change their structure and increase their pore aperture upon interaction with certain gases. These findings are key in the development of more selective ZIF‐based materials for important industrial applications including low‐energy gas separations, catalytic nanoreactors and sensor technology. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantitative natural history characterization in a cohort of 142 published cases of patients with galactosialidosis—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sláma Tomáš , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Hoffmann Georg F. , Ries Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGalactosialidosis (GS; OMIM #256540) is a rare multisystemic inborn glycoprotein storage disease caused by biallelic mutations in the cathepsin A gene resulting in combined deficiency of the lysosomal enzymes β‐galactosidase and α‐neuraminidase. The precise understanding of the natural course of the disease is limited. Development of enzyme replacement therapy is at the preclinical stage. The purpose of this research project was to quantitatively characterize the natural history of the condition. Quantitative analysis of all published cases in the literature with sufficient data (N = 142 patients) was carried out. Main outcome variables were survival, diagnostic delay, description of symptoms, biomarker‐phenotype associations, and radiological findings. STROBE criteria were respected. Median survival age of the cohort was 48 years. Median age of onset was 4.25 years with interquartile range (IQR) 1 to 16 years. Median age at diagnosis was 19 (IQR: 8.92‐29) years, with median diagnostic delay of 8 (IQR: 4‐12) years. Patients with residual β‐galactosidase activity of more than 8.6% (leukocytes) survived significantly longer than patients with lower enzyme activities.
Detecting lipopolysaccharide in the cytosol of mammalian cells: Lessons from MD-2/TLR4
Authors: Barker Jason H , Weiss Jerrold P 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Proinflammatory immune responses to Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial to innate host defenses but can also contribute to pathology. How host cells sensitively detect structural features of LPS was a mystery for years, especially given that a portion of the molecule essential for its potent proinflammatory properties—lipid A—is buried in the bacterial membrane. Studies of responses to extracellular and vacuolar LPS revealed a crucial role for accessory proteins that specifically bind LPS-rich membranes and extract LPS monomers to generate a complex of LPS, MD-2, and TLR4. These insights provided means to understand better both the remarkable host sensitivity to LPS and the means whereby specific LPS structural features are discerned. More recently, the noncanonical inflammasome, consisting of caspases-4/5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice, has been demonstrated to mediate responses to LPS that has reached the host cytosol. Precisely how LPS gains access to cytosolic caspases—and in what form—is not well characterized, and understanding this process will provide crucial insights into how the noncanonical inflammasome is regulated during infection. Herein, we briefly review what is known about LPS detection by cytosolic caspases-4/5/11, focusing on lessons derived from studies of the better-characterized TLR4 system that might direct future mechanistic questions.
Renal and adrenal masses containing fat at MRI: Proposed nomenclature by the society of abdominal radiology disease‐focused panel on renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Schieda Nicola , Davenport Matthew S. , Pedrosa Ivan , Shinagare Atul , Chandarana Hersch , Curci Nicole , Doshi Ankur , Israel Gary , Remer Erick , Wang Jane , Silverman Stuart G. 
Published: January 2019

This article proposes a consensus nomenclature for fat‐containing renal and adrenal masses at MRI to reduce variability, improve understanding, and enhance communication when describing imaging findings. The MRI appearance of "macroscopic fat" occurs due to a sufficient number of aggregated adipocytes and results in one or more of: 1) intratumoral signal intensity (SI) loss using fat‐suppression techniques, or 2) chemical shift artifact of the second kind causing linear or curvilinear India‐ink (etching) artifact within or at the periphery of a mass at macroscopic fat–water interfaces. "Macroscopic fat" is most commonly observed in adrenal myelolipoma and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and only rarely encountered in other adrenal cortical tumors and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Nonlinear noncurvilinear signal intensity loss on opposed‐phase (OP) compared with in‐phase (IP) chemical shift MRI (CSI) may be referred to as "microscopic fat" and is due to: a) an insufficient amount of adipocytes, or b) the presence of fat within tumor cells. Determining whether the signal intensity loss observed on CSI is due to insufficient adipocytes or fat within tumor cells cannot be accomplished using CSI alone; however, it can be inferred when other imaging features strongly suggest a particular diagnosis. Fat‐poor AML are homogeneously hypointense on T2‐weighted (T2W) imaging and avidly enhancing; signal intensity loss at OP CSI is uncommon, but when present is usually focal and is caused by an insufficient number of adipocytes within adjacent voxels. Conversely, clear‐cell RCC are heterogeneously hyperintense on T2W imaging and avidly enhancing, with the signal intensity loss observed on OP CSI being typically diffuse and due to fat within tumor cells. Adrenal adenomas, adrenal cortical carcinoma, and adrenal metastases from fat‐containing primary malignancies also show signal intensity loss on OP CSI due to fat within tumor cells and not from intratumoral adipocytes.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:917–926.
Sensorineural hearing loss and cognitive impairments: Contributions of thalamus using multiparametric MRI
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Min , Jiao Yun , Tang Tian‐Yu , Zhang Jian , Lu Chun‐Qiang , Salvi Richard , Teng Gao‐Jun 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe thalamus is an integrative hub conveying sensory information between cortical areas and related to cognition. However, alterations of the thalamus following partial hearing deprivation remains unknown.PurposeTo investigate the modifications of the thalamus and its seven subdivisions in terms of structure, function, and perfusion in subjects with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), as well as their associations with SNHL‐induced cognitive impairments.Study TypeCross‐sectional study.SubjectsThirty‐seven bilateral long‐term SNHL patients and 38 well‐matched controls.Field Strength3 T/BOLD, T1‐weighted imaging, arterial spin labeling (ASL).AssessmentQuantitative measurements in the thalamus and subdivisions were obtained, including the relative volume, fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) within slow 5 (0.01–0.027 Hz), slow 4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), and combined frequency (0.01–0.073 Hz), as well as the whole‐brain functional connectivity. Twenty‐five SNHL patients and 20 controls underwent ASL scanning. Then correlation analysis was computed between all significant changes and cognition tests.Statistical TestsContinuous and categorical variables were compared by independent‐sample t‐test and chi‐square test, respectively. Quantitative MRI measurement comparisons were corrected for multiple comparison, and functional connectivity (FC) analysis used two‐sample t‐test with false‐discovery rate correction. Area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to evaluate the power of alterations in differentiating SNHL and controls.ResultsNo significant difference in the relative volume and perfusion of seven thalamus subdivisions were observed, but a decrease in fALFF in SNHL. SNHL showed reduced thalamic connectivity with the cerebellum lobule VIII, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, media temporal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, and temporal pole. And some FC abnormalities exhibited positive correlations with cognitive tests and high discriminative power (0.8 < AUC < 1) in two groups.Data ConclusionSNHL led to decreased thalamic activity and widespread weakened connectivity with other brain areas.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:787–797.
In Vivo analysis of spinopelvic kinematics and peak head‐cup contact in total hip arthroplasty patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease
Authors: Limmahakhun Sakkadech , Box Hayden N. , Arauz Paul , Hennessy David W. , Klemt Christian , Kwon Young‐Min 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAnterior instability after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been described in patients with thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity. Although compensatory posterior pelvic tilt with subsequent increased functional anteversion has been described as the mechanism, there is a paucity of in vivo data. The purpose of our study was to compare pelvic tilt, anteversion, inclination, and position of head‐cup contact points in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) and a matched patient cohort without DDD. A total of 50 THA, 18 hips with lumbar DDD and 32 hips without DDD, underwent CT imaging for 3D hip reconstruction. Component orientations and in vivo hip gait kinematics was quantified using a validated dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Hip kinematics and head‐cup contact points were compared. Patients with lumbar DDD demonstrated decreased maximum (5.9° ± 4.2° vs. 9.3° ± 5.4°, p = 0.02) and minimum (2.4° ± 4.1° vs. 6.2° ± 5.6°, p = 0.01) anterior pelvic tilt, and increased maximum cup anteversion (29.3° ± 8.7° vs. 25.1° ± 8.1°, p = 0.05). The peak head‐cup contact points were shifted closer to the anterior edge of the polyethylene (7.8 ± 1.7 mm vs. 9.6 ± 2.2 mm, p = 0.02). Patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease demonstrated increased posterior pelvic tilt, functional acetabular anteversion, inclination as well as shifting of the peak head‐cup contact pattern significantly closer to an anterior edge, suggesting sagittal spinopelvic deformity may predispose to anterior instability in THA patients during upright activities. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Importance of locking plate positioning in proximal humeral fractures as predicted by computer simulations
Authors: Fletcher James W.A. , Windolf Markus , Richards R. Geoff , Gueorguiev Boyko , Buschbaum Jan , Varga Peter 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMultifragmented proximal humeral fractures frequently require operative fixation. The locking plates commonly used are often placed relative to the greater tuberosity, however no quantitative data exists regarding the effect of positional changes. The aim of the study was to establish the effects from variations in proximal‐distal PHILOS humeral plate positioning on predicted fixation failure risk. Twenty‐one left‐sided low‐density virtual humeri models were created with a simulation framework from CT data of elderly donors and osteotomized to mimic an unstable three‐part malreduced AO/OTA 11‐B3.2 fracture with medial comminution. A PHILOS plate with either four or six proximal screws was used for fixation. Both configurations were modelled with plate repositioning 2 and 4 mm distally and proximally to its baseline position. Applying a validated computational model, three physiological loading situations were simulated and fixation failure predicted using average strain around the proximal screws—an outcome established as a surrogate for cycles to failure. Varying the craniocaudal plate position affected the peri‐implant strain for both four and six‐screw configurations. Even though significant changes were seen only in the latter, all tests suggested that more proximal plate positioning results in decreased peri‐screw strains whereas distalizing creates increases in strain. These results suggest that even a small distal PHILOS plate malpositioning may reduce fixation stability. Plate distalization increases the probability of being unable to insert all screws within the humeral head, which dramatically increases the forces acting on the remaining screws. Proximal plate shifting may be beneficial, especially for constructs employing calcar screws. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of interface mechanical discontinuities on scaffold‐cartilage integration
Authors: Yodmuang Supansa , Guo Hongqiang , Brial Caroline , Warren Russell F. , Torzilli Peter A. , Chen Tony , Maher Suzanne A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA consistent lack of lateral integration between scaffolds and adjacent articular cartilage has been exhibited in vitro and in vivo. Given the mismatch in mechanical properties between scaffolds and articular cartilage, the mechanical discontinuity that occurs at the interface has been implicated as a key factor, but remains inadequately studied. Our objective was to investigate how the mechanical environment within a mechanically loaded scaffold‐cartilage construct might affect integration. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the mechanical discontinuity at the scaffold‐cartilage interface would be related to decreased integration. To test this hypothesis, chondrocyte seeded scaffolds were embedded into cartilage explants, pre‐cultured for 14 days, and then mechanically loaded for 28 days at either 1N or 6N of applied load. Constructs were kept either peripherally confined or unconfined throughout the duration of the experiment. Stress, strain, fluid flow, and relative displacements at the cartilage‐scaffold interface and within the scaffold were quantified using biphasic, inhomogeneous finite element models (bFEMs). The bFEMs indicated compressive and shear stress discontinuities occurred at the scaffold‐cartilage interface for the confined and unconfined groups. The mechanical strength of the scaffold‐cartilage interface and scaffold GAG content were higher in the radially confined 1N loaded groups. Multivariate regression analyses identified the strength of the interface prior to the commencement of loading and fluid flow within the scaffold as the main factors associated with scaffold‐cartilage integration. Our study suggests a minimum level of scaffold‐cartilage integration is needed prior to the commencement of loading, although the exact threshold has yet to be identified. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Influence of the ethylene‐related signal‐inhibiting octapeptide NOP‐1 on postharvest ripening and quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples
Authors: Klein Simone , Fiebig Antje , Neuwald Daniel , Dluhosch Dominik , Müller Lena , Groth Georg , Noga Georg , Hunsche Mauricio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDProcesses extending the shelf life of climacteric fruit play an important role in terms of a sustainable global food supply. In a previous study, a synthetic octapeptide (NOP‐1) was shown to inhibit the interaction between ethylene receptor (ETR) and ethylene insensitive‐2 (EIN2), and in consequence delay tomato ripening. We investigated for the first time the effect of NOP‐1 on inhibiting the ripening of apples (‘Golden Delicious’) during postharvest.RESULTSUsing purified recombinant proteins from a bacterial expression system, we demonstrate here that EIN2 also interacts tightly (Kd = 136 ± 29 nmol L−1) with the corresponding apple ETR MdETR1. In line with previous binding studies on tomato ETRs, the ripening‐delaying peptide NOP‐1 clearly binds to the purified apple ETR. An NOP‐1 solution (1000 µmol L−1) was applied with a brush or microdispenser and compared with apples treated with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) (SmartFresh™, Agrofresh) applied as gaseous treatment or untreated control fruits. NOP‐1 inhibited colour development and chlorophyll degradation during shelf life. These effects were more pronounced with the brush application (surface film) than with microdroplets application (mimicking a sprayable formulation). NOP‐1 did not alter ethylene release or respiration rate, whereas 1‐MCP expectedly strongly suppressed both. There were no differences in quality parameters evaluated.CONCLUSIONOur study shows that NOP‐1 binds to MdETR1 which results in delaying of ethylene‐dependent ripening developments of skin colour and chlorophyll. Besides application methods, possible reasons for the weak effect of NOP‐1 in comparison with previous tomato experiments could be different receptor affinity and penetration differences. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Guided Right Brachiocephalic and Right Subclavian Vein Cannulation in Adult Patients
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Bai Xuming , Cheng Long , Gu Xingshi , Xia Rui , Du Xiaolong , Shi Jianming , Chen Qian , Jin Yong 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo compare ultrasound‐guided right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) central venous catheter (CVC) placement to right subclavian vein (SCV) CVC insertion in terms of the puncture success rate and complications.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for all adult patients who received an ultrasound‐guided CVC via the right BCV or right SCV access route between January 2016 and March 2018. The puncture success rates and procedure‐related complications were analyzed.ResultsData were analyzed from 755 adult patients who underwent 915 CVC insertions. The overall success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (98.99% versus 96.87%; P = .019). The first‐attempt success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (96.64% versus 89.34%; P < .001). Intraoperative complications were observed in 16 cases in the BCV group (2.68%) and in 12 cases in the SCV group (3.76%). The incidence rates of postprocedure complications were 5.20% in the BCV group and 6.58% in the SCV group and included catheter‐related infections and thrombosis.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided cannulation of the right BCV is an effective and safe method for CVC placement in adult patients and provides an additional option for catheter access.
Comparison of balance outcomes according to treatment modality of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Hullar Timothy E. , Seo Jae‐Hyun 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWe sought to compare balance outcomes according to treatment modality of vestibular schwannoma (VS) via a meta‐analysis that divided measuring tools of balance outcomes into three categories based on type.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature from January 1966 to September 2017 was performed, looking for studies about long‐term balance outcomes after microsurgery (MS), radiotherapy (RT), or observation for VS. A comprehensive meta‐analysis was used to analyze effect sizes, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and check publication bias with a funnel plot and Egger's regression.ResultsAmong 633 references, 34 were included in the meta‐analysis. Perceived dizziness improvement rate was significantly higher in the MS group than in the RT group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08 to 2.40; P < .05, I2 = 4.18], but no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to validated dizziness questionnaire score (standardized mean difference: 0.04; 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.44; P = .84, I2 = 69.61) or dizziness or disequilibrium‐related symptom incidence rate (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.68; P = .77, I2 = 0). In a subanalysis conducted within the groups after intervention, the MS group demonstrated a lower vertigo incidence rate (P < .001), and the RT group experienced a significant reduction in validated dizziness questionnaire score (P < .05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that MS should be considered at least equal to RT in regard to resolving long‐term dizziness and improving balance outcomes. Furthermore, well‐designed studies are necessary to predict balance outcomes after VS treatment and to choose from among possible treatment options.Level of Evidence2a Laryngoscope, 130:178–189, 2020
Marijuana Consumption in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Serrano Rodriguez Pablo , Strassle Paula Diane , Barritt Alfred Sidney , Watkins Randall , Gerber David A. , Hayashi Paul Hideyo , Desai Chirag Sureshchandra 
Published: January 2019

Marijuana is legalized for either medical or recreational use in over half of the states in the United States and in Canada, but many transplant centers will not list patients who are using marijuana. However, the effect of marijuana on transplant outcomes remains unclear. Thus, we performed a retrospective analysis of all adult (≥18 years old) liver transplant patients treated at our center between 2007 and 2017. Patients were grouped according to their marijuana use and tobacco smoking status. We also evaluated tobacco smoking status for the comparative evaluation. Posttransplant morbidity, mortality, and graft survival were evaluated. In total, 316 patients were included: 171 (54%) patients were tobacco smokers (70 current; 101 former), 81 (26%) patients were marijuana smokers (13 current; 68 former), and 64 (20#x0025;) patients were both marijuana and tobacco smokers. A total of 136 (43%) reported never smoking marijuana or tobacco. After adjustment, current tobacco users were over 3 times as likely to die within 5 years compared with never users (hazard ratio [HR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63‐6.46; P < 0.001), but no difference was seen between current/former and never marijuana users (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26‐1.04; P = 0.06). No significant differences in inpatient respiratory complications, reintubation, or >24‐hour intubation was seen. Overall, pretransplant marijuana use, past or current, does not appear to impact liver transplant outcomes, though tobacco smoking remains detrimental.