bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Elbasvir or Grazoprevir and Methadone in Participants Receiving Maintenance Opioid Agonist Therapy
Authors: Feng Hwa‐Ping , Guo Zifang , Caro Luzelena , Marshall William L. , Liu Fang , Panebianco Deborah , Vaddady Pavan , Reitmann Christina , Jumes Patricia , Wolford Dennis , Fraser Iain , Valesky Robert , Martinho Monika , Butterton Joan R. , Iwamoto Marian , Webster Lynn , Yeh Wendy W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe conducted two phase I trials to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions between elbasvir (EBR), grazoprevir (GZR), and methadone (MK‐8742‐P010 and MK‐5172‐P030) in non‐hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected participants on methadone maintenance therapy. Coadministration of EBR or GZR with methadone had no clinically meaningful effect on EBR, GZR, or methadone pharmacokinetics. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for R‐ and S‐methadone AUC0‐24 were 1.03 (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.92–1.15) and 1.09 (90% CI, 0.94–1.26) in the presence/absence of EBR; and 1.09 (90% CI, 1.02–1.17) and 1.23 (90% CI, 1.12–1.35) in the presence/absence of GZR. The GMRs for EBR and GZR AUC0‐24 in participants receiving methadone relative to a healthy historical cohort not receiving methadone were 1.20 (90% CI, 0.94–1.53) and 1.03 (90% CI, 0.76–1.41), respectively. These results indicate that no dose adjustment is required for individuals with HCV infection receiving stable methadone therapy and the EBR/GZR fixed‐dose regimen.
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in distal patterning and intercalation during leg regeneration of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: Ishimaru Yoshiyasu , Bando Tetsuya , Ohuchi Hideyo , Noji Sumihare , Mito Taro 
Published: July 2018

The cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, is a classic model of leg regeneration following amputation. We previously demonstrated that Gryllus decapentaplegic (Gb’dpp) is expressed during leg regeneration, although it remains unclear whether it is essential for this process. In this study, double‐stranded RNA targeting the Smad mathers‐against‐dpp homolog, Gb’mad, was used to examine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the leg regeneration process of Gryllus bimaculatus. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of Gb’mad led to a loss of tarsus regeneration at the most distal region of regenerating leg segments. Moreover, we confirmed that the phenotype obtained by knockdown of Dpp type I receptor, Thick veins (Gb’tkv), closely resembled that observed for Gb’mad RNAi crickets, thereby suggesting that the BMP signaling pathway is indispensable for the initial stages of tarsus formation. Interestingly, knockdown of Gb’mad and Gb’tkv resulted in significant elongation of regenerating tibia along the proximodistal axis compared with normal legs. Moreover, our findings indicate that during the regeneration of tibia, the BMP signaling pathway interacts with Dachsous/Fat (Gb’Ds/Gb’Ft) signaling and dachshund (Gb’dac) to re‐establish positional information and regulate determination of leg size. Based on these observations, we discuss possible roles for Gb’mad in the distal patterning and intercalation processes during leg regeneration in Gryllus bimaculatus.
Residual native left ventricular function optimization using quantitative 3D echocardiographic assessment of rotational mechanics in patients with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Medvedofsky Diego , Mor‐Avi Victor , Sayer Gabriel , Addetia Karima , Kruse Eric , Adatya Sirtaz , Kim Gene , Weinert Lynn , Yamat Megan , Ota Takeyoshi , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Uriel Nir , Lang Roberto M. 
Published: July 2018

Preservation of native left ventricular (LV) function in patients supported with LV assist device (LVAD) may be beneficial to attain optimal hemodynamics and enhance potential recovery. Currently, LVAD speed optimization is based on hemodynamic parameters, without considering residual native LV function. We hypothesized that alternatively, LV rotational mechanics can be quantified by 3D echocardiography (3DE), and may help preserve native LV function while optimizing LVAD speed. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of quantifying the effects of LVAD implantation on LV rotational mechanics and to determine whether conventional speed optimization maximally preserves native LV function. We studied 55 patients with LVADs, who underwent 3DE imaging and quantitative analysis of LV twist. Thirty patients were studied before and after LVAD implantation. The remaining 25 patients were studied during hemodynamic ramp studies. The pump speed at which LV twist was maximal was compared with the hemodynamics‐based optimal speed. LV twist decreased following LVAD implantation from 4.2 ± 2.7 to 2.3 ± 1.9° (P < 0.01), reflecting the constricting effects on native function. With lower pump speeds, no significant changes were noted in LV twist, which peaked at a higher speed. In 11/25 (44%) patients, the conventional hemodynamic/2DE methodology and 3DE assessment of maximal residual function did not indicate the same optimal conditions, suggesting that a higher pump speed would have better preserved native function. In conclusion, quantitative 3DE analysis of LV rotational mechanics provides information, which together with hemodynamics may help select optimal pump speed, while maximally preserving native LV function.
Organisms and the form of freedom in Kant's third Critique
Authors: Fisher Naomi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the second half of the third Critique, Kant develops a new form of judgment peculiar to organisms: teleological judgment. In the Appendix to this text, Kant argues that we must regard the final, unconditioned end of creation as human freedom, due to reason's demand that we regard nature as a system of ends. In this paper, I offer a novel interpretation of this argument, according to which judgments of freedom within nature are possible as instances of teleological judgment. Just as individual organisms are to be regarded as governed by supersensible teleological laws, so too is nature as a whole to be regarded as given laws from a supersensible ground. This supersensible ground in the case of nature as a whole is freedom. Freedom and teleological judgments are to be regarded as unifiable with mechanism in the supersensible, and we are to subordinate mechanical explanations to teleological judgments as well as to freedom. This interpretation makes sense both of Kant's claim that he overcomes the “incalculable gulf” between nature and freedom in the third Critique, and also of the location of this argument, as following after and relying on the results of the Dialectic of Teleological Judgment.
A balance of strategic management and entrepreneurship practices—The renewal journey of the Swedish Public Employment Service
Authors: Höglund Linda , Holmgren Caicedo Mikael , Mårtensson Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the first phase—from 2014 to 2016—of the Swedish Public Employment Service's renewal journey by examining how the agency worked to achieve its new strategy through processes of strategic management and entrepreneurship. We did this through the theoretical lens of strategic entrepreneurship (SE). The results showed that the agency's renewal processes are simultaneously entrepreneurial and strategic. The agency is historically well known for its detailed management and control, which creates several tensions with entrepreneurship. We contributed to previous literature by focusing on the organizational aspects of these tensions and the SE practices of balancing entrepreneurship with strategic management.
Finite‐Element Method Solution of Non‐Fickian Transport in Porous Media: The CTRW‐FEM Package
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Rami , Jiang Shidong , Scher Harvey , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn exposition is given of a finite‐element method (FEM) software package to calculate solutions for the continuous time random walk (CTRW) integro‐differential equation for non‐Fickian (and Fickian) conservative or reactive transport in disordered media. The solutions encompass one‐dimensional/two‐dimensional (1D/2D) breakthrough curves and spatial concentration profiles for general geometry and grid. The velocity field, used as input to the 2D solutions, may also be calculated by applying a compatible Darcy flow 2D solver. The software enables both “forward” modeling (1D/2D) and “inverse” (best‐fit) modeling (1D) of experimental data. Various inlet and outlet boundary conditions are implemented. The CTRW‐FEM Package is freely downloadable and contains a User's Guide, source and executable files, and accompanying files with easy‐to‐use format, including descriptions of input/output files and pre‐ and post‐processing. Several examples are provided to clearly demonstrate how to work with the CTRW‐FEM Package in many typical analyses. The CTRW‐FEM Package also allows users to adapt the software to specific needs, such as, for example, first‐ and second‐order chemical reactions.
Twentieth century US labor history: Pedagogy, politics, and controversies Part 2
Authors: Pearson Chad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent scholarship demonstrates the enduring richness of labor historiography, but its overall popularity has declined in recent years compared to other areas of study. Part one of this two‐part study describes the industrial relations origins of labor historiography in the Progressive Era, the ways New Left scholars in the '60s, '70s, and '80s broadened its meaning to include the study of working class people both in and outside of workplaces, and the several controversies over how labor historians have, or have not, incorporated gender and race into their studies from the '80s to roughly the present. It demonstrated that labor historians remained committed to intersectional examinations of the past while deepening our understanding of workers' experiences in a variety of different settings, including factories, mines, service sector jobs, and homes. Moreover, part one illustrates that some of the most innovative approaches to the past—“history from the bottom up,” instances of militant rank‐and‐file activism, gendered divisions of labor, the challenges, failures, and successes of interracial unionism, and “whiteness” studies—were developed by labor historians. Part two examines important scholarly developments and political controversies since the late 1980s. It points out that some one‐time labor historians have shifted slightly to the right politically. Many have explicitly distanced themselves from the New Left generation's style of writing labor history. However, many continue to demonstrate enormous creativity, releasing studies focusing on public sector employees, unfree workers, sexuality, environmentalism, religion, race, international and comparative studies, and precarious labor. Given the escalating levels of poverty, widening inequality, and the insidious nature of exploitation in our society, labor historians continue to have a critical role to play in helping students make sense of the roots of many of society's most far‐reaching problems.
The influence of glucocorticoid receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms on outcome after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Norden Jean , Pearce Kim F. , Irving Julie A. E. , Collin Matthew P. , Wang Xiao N. , Wolff Daniel , Kolb Hans‐Jochem , Socie Gerard , Kuzmina Zoya , Greinix Hildegard , Holler Ernst , Rocha Vanderson , Gluckman Eliane , Hromadnikova Ilona , Dickinson Anne M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only cure for most haematological malignancies, however, the mortality rate remains high. Complications after HSCT include relapse, graft versus host disease (GvHD), graft rejection and infection. Over the last few years several groups, have demonstrated that non‐HLA gene polymorphisms can be predictive of outcome after HSCT. Since the glucocorticoid cortisol is pivotal in the regulation of the immune system, we decided to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs6198, rs33388 and rs33389) within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and correlate with HSCT outcome. The training set consisted of patients (n = 458) who underwent HSCT for acute leukaemia between 1983 and 2005. In the recipients, the absence of the ACT haplotype and absence of the T allele of rs33388 were associated with decreased OS and the absence of the ACT haplotype, the absence of the T allele of rs33388 and the presence of the ATA haplotype were associated with increased risk of relapse. In addition, the presence of the ACT haplotype in the recipient showed a trend to be associated with increased risk of chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD). The patients in this cohort received mainly myeloablative conditioning (n = 327). The SNPs in the glucocorticoid receptor were then investigated in a validation set (n = 251) of HSCT patients transplanted for acute leukaemia from 2006. This cohort contained significantly more patients that had received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). Some of the results could be validated in these patients. However, contrary to the training set, the absence of the haplotype ACT in the donor in this cohort was associated with increased risk of cGvHD. Differences in the conditioning were shown to influence the results. These results are the first to associate GR SNPs with HSCT outcome and demonstrate the inherent problems of replicating SNP association studies in HSCT, due to different pre‐transplant regimens.
Staggering shifts to rebalance night medical registrar workload
Authors: Thakkar Harsh V. , Wadhwa Vikas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLone night medical registrars, particularly those working at busy urban hospitals have high workloads and low job satisfaction. Handover of pending referrals from day staff can contribute to further delays in providing care with increased risks for patient safety.AimTo evaluate the impact of a staggered roster for daytime medical registrar on the workload of night registrar.MethodsProspective data were collected of the night medical registrar workload over a 6‐month period. The first 3 months included standard shifts from 1330 to 2130 hours with two registrars. The second 3 months followed the introduction of a staggered shift for one registrar to 1530 hour‐midnight, providing a 3‐h overlap with the night registrar commencing at 2100 hour.Parameters recorded included the number of total admissions, pending admissions, referrals from emergency department, ward reviews and Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls/CODE Blues.Data from weekends and public holidays were not recorded.ResultsDuring the standard rostering period, the average number of medical admissions completed per night shift was 8.66 (n = 60, SD = 3.58). With staggered shifts, the average number was significantly reduced at 6.38 (n = 65, SD = 2.74, P = 0.000057).In addition, there was greater number of ward reviews conducted by the night registrar in the staggered roster period, potentially reflecting greater time availability and reduction in MET calls/codes.ConclusionRearranging medical registrar shifts can result in significant reduction in night medical registrar workload. It may also have other potential benefits in terms of increased capacity for ward reviews and reduced MET calls/codes.
Conditions at the breeding grounds and migration strategy shape different moult patterns of two populations of Eurasian golden plover Pluvialis apricaria
Authors: Machín Paula , Remisiewicz Magdalena , Fernández‐Elipe Juan , Jukema Joop , Klaassen Raymond H. G. 
Published: July 2018

Events in the life cycle of migrant birds are generally time‐constrained. Moult, together with breeding and migration, is the most energetically demanding annual cycle stages, but it is the only stage that can be scheduled at different times of the year. However, it is still not fully understood what factors determine this scheduling.We compare the timing of primary feather moult in relation to breeding and migration between two populations of Eurasian golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, the continental population breeding in Scandinavia and in N Russia that migrates to the Netherlands and southern Europe, and the Icelandic population that migrates mainly to Ireland and western UK. Moult was studied at the breeding grounds (N Sweden, N Russia, Iceland) and at stopover and wintering sites (S Sweden, the Netherlands). In both populations, primary moult overlapped with incubation and chick rearing, and females started on average 9 d later than males. Icelandic plovers overlapped moult with incubation to a larger extent and stayed in the breeding grounds until primary moult was completed. In contrast, continental birds only moulted the first 5–7 primaries at the breeding grounds and completed moult in stopover and wintering areas, such as S Sweden and the Netherlands.This overlap, although rare in birds, can be understood from an annual cycle perspective. Icelandic plovers presumably need to initiate moult early in the season to be able to complete it at the breeding grounds. The latter is not possible for continental plovers as their breeding season is much shorter due to a harsher climate. Additionally, for this population, moulting all the primaries at the stopover/wintering site is also not possible as too little time would remain to prepare for cold‐spell movements. We conclude that environmental conditions and migration strategy affect the annual scheduling of primary feather moult in the Eurasian golden plover.
MicroRNA‐194 protects against chronic hepatitis B‐related liver damage by promoting hepatocyte growth via ACVR2B
Authors: Gao Xue , Zhao Pan , Hu Jie , Zhu Hongguang , Zhang Jiming , Zhou Zhongwen , Zhao Jingmin , Tang Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPersistent infection with the hepatitis B virus leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in a variety of biological processes; however, the role of miRNAs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐induced liver damage remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CHB‐related liver damage. Microarray analysis of the expression of miRNAs in 22 CHB patients and 33 healthy individuals identified miR‐194 as one of six differentially expressed miRNAs. miR‐194 was up‐regulated in correlation with increased liver damage in the plasma or liver tissues of CHB patients. In mice subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy, miR‐194 was up‐regulated in liver tissues in correlation with hepatocyte growth and in parallel with the down‐regulation of the activin receptor ACVR2B. Overexpression of miR‐194 in human liver HL7702 cells down‐regulated ACVR2B mRNA and protein expression, promoted cell proliferation, acceleratedG1 to S cell cycle transition, and inhibited apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR‐194 had the opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ACVR2B is a direct target of miR‐194, and overexpression of ACVR2B significantly repressed cell proliferation and G1 to S phase transition and induced cell apoptosis. ACVR2B overexpression abolished the effect of miR‐194, indicating that miR‐194 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by down‐regulating ACVR2B. Taken together, these results indicate that miR‐194 plays a crucial role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting ACVR2B and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CHB‐related liver damage.
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 concentration, but not PADI4 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in septic shock patients
Authors: Costa Nara Aline , Gut Ana Lúcia , Azevedo Paula Schmidt , Polegato Bertha Furlan , Magalhães Eloá Siqueira , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , Bruder Rita de Cassia Siqueira , Silva Evelyn Aparecida da , Gonçalves Renan Braga , Tanni Suzana Erico , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Norde Marina Maintinguer , Cunha Natália Baraldi , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , de Paiva Sergio Alberto Rupp , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of our study was to evaluate the association between peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) concentration and its polymorphisms with mortality in patients with septic shock. We prospectively evaluated 175 patients aged over 18 years with septic shock upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. However, 48 patients were excluded. Thus, 127 patients were enrolled in the study. At the time of the patients’ enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hours of the patient's admission to determine serum PAD4 concentrations and its polymorphism PADI4_89 [rs11203366], PADI4_94 [rs2240340] and PADI4_104 [rs1748033]. The mean age was 63.3 ± 15.2 years, 56.7% were male, PAD4 concentration was 4.62 (2.48‐6.20) ng/mL and the ICU mortality rate was 67.7%. The patients who died in the ICU had higher APACHE II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. In addition, PAD4 concentration was higher in patients who died during ICU stay. However, there were no differences regarding PADI4 polymorphisms and ICU mortality. In the logistic regression models, PAD4 concentrations were associated with ICU mortality when adjusted for APACHE II score and lactate (OR: 1.477; CI 95%: 1.186‐1.839; P < .001), and when adjusted for age, gender and APACHE II score (OR: 1.392; CI 95%: 1.145‐1.692; P < .001). In conclusion, PAD4 concentration, but not PADI4_89, PADI4_94 and PADI4_104 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in septic shock patients.
Communication With Physicians as a Mediator in the Relationship Between the Nursing Work Environment and Select Nurse Outcomes in Jordan
Authors: Al‐Hamdan Zaid , Banerjee Tanima , Manojlovich Milisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo test whether communication mediated relationships among nurses’ work environments and nurse outcomes of job satisfaction and intent to stay.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional, quantitative survey design to query 650 nurses who worked in three hospitals in Jordan.MethodsWe used Arabic versions of valid, reliable instruments measuring the nursing work environment, nurse perceptions of communication with physicians, intent to stay, and job satisfaction. Mediation analysis was used to test hypotheses.FindingsA total of 582 questionnaires were returned (89.5% response rate). Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and job satisfaction in medical, surgical, and critical care units. Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and intent to stay in all but maternity and “other” units.ConclusionsDepending on the nurse outcome, communication was a significant mediator for various unit types. These results may be related to the type of work that is done in each unit and the influence of patient care. Communication is one of many mechanisms that can specify how a positive nursing work environment can contribute to nurses’ job satisfaction and intent to stay.Clinical RelevanceA potential solution to the nursing shortage in Jordan emerges by identifying communication with physicians as a mediator in the relationship between the work environment and selected nurse outcomes.