bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel bei Diabetes
Authors: van Gemert Theresa , Weber Katharina , Müssig Karsten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDietary supplements are defined as foods intended to complete the general diet especially in special metabolic situations like pregnancy or vitamin deficiencies. Furthermore, dietary supplements seem to get increasingly important with regard to prevention and management of diabetes. So far the German, European and Canadian Diabetes Associations as well as the Diabetes Associations of the US and UK do not give specific recommendation for dietary supplements to reduce the risk of diabetes or improve the glycemic control in patients with diabetes. By assessing new findings, the present article gives a literature overview based on comprehensive meta-analyses of selected dietary supplements, which are frequently discussed in combination with diabetes. Currently, there is a consensus that a balanced diet ensures a sufficient supply of micronutrients. Current studies on the use of magnesium, chrome, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids in people with increased risk of diabetes or manifest diabetes showed inconsistent results. Therefore, further randomized controlled trials with sufficient number of participants are necessary in order to provide concrete evidence-based recommendations.
Response to Lithium in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: What are Psychiatrists’ Experiences and Practices Compared to Literature Review?
Authors: Montlahuc Claire , Curis Emmanuel , Grillault Laroche Diane , Bagoe Gérald , Etain Bruno , Bellivier Frank , Chevret Sylvie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background This study aims at characterizing French psychiatrists’ opinions regarding definition criteria and factors associated with lithium prophylactic response in patients with bipolar disorders.
Methods After a literature review, an online survey targeted French psychiatrists in 2016.
Results Literature review showed inconsistencies in reported definition criteria and clinical predictors of lithium prophylactic response. A total of 104 psychiatrists, mostly working in hospitals, completed the survey. The inconsistencies regarding definition criteria and predictors of lithium response were confirmed. Five factors were commonly reported by psychiatrists as positively associated with successful response (family history of lithium response and of bipolar I disorder, and lithium efficacy in acute mood phases treatment) or with an unsuccessful response (rapid cycling and alcohol misuse).
Discussion The divergence in psychiatrists’ opinions surely plays a major role in the variability of lithium prescriptions among psychiatrists. Currently, the large variations in response definitions, and in study designs used to quantify each factor’s effect, preclude synthesizing the findings. A standardization of response measures is needed to explore factors that influence the prophylactic lithium efficacy.
Ernährungstherapie bei Allergien
Authors: Pirlet-Gottwald Monika 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Entstehungsort einer allergischen Reaktion und das Symptomorgan liegen oft weit auseinander. Die orale Aufnahme eines Allergens kann z. B. Hautreaktionen verursachen oder verstärken. Irritationen des inflammatorischen Systems können zusätzlich das Auftreten oder die Ausprägung einer Allergie beeinflussen.Kaum ein anderes therapeutisches Verfahren greift so grundlegend und tief in den Genesungsprozess ein wie die Sanierung des Verdauungssystems. Wenn die intestinale Intoxikation und bakterielle Dyspepsie ausheilen, kommen das Immunsystem und bestehende entzündliche Reaktionen zur Ruhe.Der Artikel erläutert das therapeutische Vorgehen und die möglichen Erfolge anhand von Fällen aus der Praxis.
Allergie und Āyurveda
Authors: Chopra Ananda Samir 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer modern definierte Begriff der Allergie findet in der traditionellen medizinischen Wissenschaft des Ayurveda keine direkte Entsprechung. Für die therapeutische Praxis ist es sinnvoller, auf Basis der allgemeinen Symptomatik eine ayurvedische Einordnung vorzunehmen. Demnach können Allergien verschiedene Ursachen haben: individuelle Unzuträglichkeiten und Zuträglichkeiten, unzuträgliche Nahrungsmittel, Agni-Schwäche sowie eine Vielzahl individueller Faktoren wie die Grundkonstitution. Die ayurvedische Diagnosestellung und Behandlung erfolgt über die genaue Einschätzung der individuellen Krankheitserscheinungen, der Konstitution und der psychischen Verfassung. Auf dieser Basis wird eine Therapiestrategie entwickelt, deren Ziel die Wiederherstellung der Selbstregulation des Organismus ist. Die mehrdimensionale Therapie setzt sich aus Empfehlungen zur richtigen Ernährung, dem Einsatz von Gewürzen und pflanzlichen Arzneien sowie ggf. einer Pancakarma-Therapie zusammen. In der klinischen Ayurveda-Praxis in Deutschland hat sich gezeigt, dass die Behandlung auf dieser Grundlage häufig zu einer signifikanten Linderung allergischer Beschwerden führt.
Developing Enterprise-wide Business Process Management Capability: A Teaching Case from the Financial Sector
Authors: Bandara Wasana , Abbott Charon , Mathiesen Paul , Meyers Lara , Nagra Mindy 
Published: February 2018

Continuously managing business processes is globally a high organisational priority. The necessity for organisation-wide process management approaches (as opposed to ad hoc initiatives) is widely recognised. Yet, the required skills and capabilities for such enterprise-wide BPM is a well-known gap, with little resources to date to address this. This teaching case is based on the Bank of Queensland (BOQ—one of the oldest financial institutions in Australia). The narrative provides an overview of a range of Enterprise level business process management (hereafter referred to as ‘E-BPM’) activities that have taken place to date at BOQ to build its E-BPM capability. The teaching case presents how the development of E-BPM capability is a continuous journey which requires applied management and strong governance, and articulates some of the issues encountered when embedding BPM within an organisational structure. Based on the case, a series of student activities pertaining to E-BPM practices covering key aspects of BPM governance, strategic alignment, culture, people, IT, methods, etc., is provided (with model answers). This case is complemented by a rich set of teaching notes, making it a valuable resource that can be easily and directly applied for E-BPM training.
Tri- and tetranuclear molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenide clusters: on the way to new materials and catalysts *
Authors: Gushchin Artem L. , Laricheva Yuliya A. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Llusar Rosa 
Published: February 2018

Data on the electronic structure and redox, magnetic, luminescent, nonlinear optical and catalytic properties of tri- and tetranuclear molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenide clusters are analyzed and integrated. The prospects for the applications of this family of clusters for the design of new materials for molecular electronics, nonlinear optics and catalysis are considered.
The bibliography includes 202 references.
Target selectivity of septal cholinergic neurons in the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex
Authors: Desikan Srinidhi , Koser David E. , Neitz Angela , Monyer Hannah 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Acetylcholine is a key modulator of hippocampal and entorhinal cortex (EC) function. The majority of cholinergic projections targeting these structures originate in the basal forebrain complex, specifically the medial septum. Many studies focused on the behavioral effects involving these projections, but there still is a paucity regarding their connectivity in the target area. Here we provide this missing link. By combining optogenetics with whole-cell recordings in superficial EC layers, we identified the synaptic target cells of septal cholinergic neurons. This level of analysis is an important step toward a better understanding of the modulatory action of acetylcholine in EC in vivo.
Retracted: Inhibition of MicroRNA-23b Attenuates Immunosuppression During Late Sepsis Through NIK, TRAF1, and XIAP
Authors: Zhang Haiju , Li Hui , Shaikh Aamir , Caudle Yi , Yao Baozhen , Yin Deling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNA-23b (miR-23b) is a multiple functional miRNA. We hypothesize that miR-23b plays a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Our study investigated the effect of miR-23b on sepsis-induced immunosuppression.MethodsMice were treated with miR-23b inhibitors by tail vein injection 2 days after cecal ligation puncture (CLP)–induced sepsis. Apoptosis in spleens and apoptotic signals were investigated, and survival was monitored. T-cell immunoreactivities were examined during late sepsis. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–inducing kinase (NIK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF1), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the putative targets of miR-23b, were identified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsmiR-23b expression is upregulated and sustained during sepsis. The activation of the TLR4/TLR9/p38 MAPK/STAT3 signal pathway contributes to the production of miR-23b in CLP-induced sepsis. miR-23b inhibitor decreased the number of spleen cells positive by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and improved survival. miR-23b inhibitor restored the immunoreactivity by alleviating the development of T-cell exhaustion and producing smaller amounts of immunosuppressive interleukin 10 and interleukin 4 during late sepsis. We demonstrated that miR-23b mediated immunosuppression during late sepsis by inhibiting the noncanonical NF-κB signal and promoting the proapoptotic signal pathway by targeting NIK, TRAF1, and XIAP.ConclusionsInhibition of miR-23b reduces late-sepsis-induced immunosuppression and improves survival. miR-23b might be a target for immunosuppression.
Multipolarity of cytokine axes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in terms of age, race, species, disease stage and biomarkers
Authors: Nomura Takashi , Honda Tetsuya , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. Signatures of AD are characterized by an impaired skin barrier, aberrant Th2-type cytokine production and intensive pruritus. Transcriptomic analysis, however, has revealed a heterogeneous pathogenesis and the co-existence of multiple cytokine axes of Th17, Th22 and Th1 types, especially in intrinsic (a subtype of AD without skin barrier impairment), pediatric and Asian types of AD. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of anti-IL-4 receptor α against AD was not as high as that of IL-17 blockage against psoriasis, which implies a modification of the disease spectrum by non-Th2-type cytokine axes in AD. These lines of evidence indicate a need for personalized or precision medicine appropriate for each subtype of AD.
CHAM: a fast algorithm of modelling non-linear matter power spectrum in the sCreened HAlo Model
Authors: Hu Bin , Liu Xue-Wen , Cai Rong-Gen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present a fast numerical screened halo model algorithm (CHAM, which stands for the sCreened HAlo Model) for modelling non-linear power spectrum for the alternative models to Λ cold dark matter. This method has three obvious advantages. First of all, it is not being restricted to a specific dark energy/modified gravity model. In principle, all of the screened scalar-tensor theories can be applied. Secondly, the least assumptions are made in the calculation. Hence, the physical picture is very easily understandable. Thirdly, it is very predictable and does not rely on the calibration from N-body simulation. As an example, we show the case of the Hu–Sawicki f(R) gravity. In this case, the typical CPU time with the current parallel Python script (eight threads) is roughly within 10  min. The resulting spectra are in a good agreement with N-body data within a few percentage accuracy up to k ∼ 1 h Mpc−1.
Spectroscopic abundance analyses of the 3He stars HD 185330 and 3 Cen A
Authors: Sadakane Kozo , Nishimura Masayoshi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Abundances of 21 elements in two 3He stars, HD 185330 and 3 Cen A, have been analysed relative to the well-studied sharp-lined B3 V star ι Her. Six elements (P, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Br) are over-abundant in these two peculiar stars, while six elements (C, O, Mg, Al, S, and Cl) are under-abundant. Absorption lines of the two rarely observed heavy elements Br ii and Kr ii are detected in both stars and these elements are both over-abundant. The centroid wavelengths of the Ca ii infrared triplet lines in these stars are redshifted relative to those lines in ι Her and the presence of heavy isotopes of Ca (mass number 44–46) in these two stars is confirmed. In spite of these similarities, there are several remarkable differences in abundance pattern between these two stars. N is under-abundant in HD 185330, as in many Hg-Mn stars, while it is significantly over-abundant in 3 Cen A. P and Ga are both over-abundant in 3 Cen A, while only P is over-abundant and no trace of absorption line of Ga ii can be found in HD 185330. Large over-abundances of Kr and Xe are found in both stars, while the abundance ratio Kr/Xe is significantly different between them (−1.4 dex in HD 185330 and +1.2 dex in 3 Cen A). Some physical explanations are needed to account for these qualitative differences.
Patient’s Orders: Patient’s Rights and the Doctor’s Obligations under the Claeys–Leonetti Law of 2016 in France
Authors: Van Zeebroeck Shanthi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
France enacted the Claeys–Leonetti law in 2016, becoming one of the first countries to legalize terminal sedation as a medico-legal practice in the world. The focus of this short paper is to highlight the limitations imposed by Claeys–Leonetti on the doctor to fulfil his or her ethical duties under the Hippocratic oath to act ‘for the benefit of my patient’ but to act only according to the ‘wishes of the patient’, to eliminate all forms of pain and suffering. A legislative commentary will be provided for the first five pertinent articles followed by proposals for reform.
Prevalence of Pain in COPD Patients and Associated Factors
Authors: de Miguel-Díez Javier , López-de-Andrés Ana , Hernandez-Barrera Valentín , Jimenez-Trujillo Isabel , del Barrio José L. , Puente-Maestu Luis , Martinez-Huedo Maria A. , Jimenez-García Rodrigo 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of chronic neck pain (CNP), chronic low back pain (CLBP), and migraine among Spanish adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with non-COPD patients matched by age and sex; and to identify predictors for each of these types of pains among COPD sufferers.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study conducted with data collected from the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHSS) conducted in years 2009/2010 (n=22,188) and 2014 (n=22,842). Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic models.

Results:
The prevalence of COPD among patients aged 35 years or above were 7.6% (n=1328) for the EHSS 2009 and 5.4% (n=1008) for the EHSS 2014. We matched 2251 COPD patients with age and sex controls. The prevalence of all types of pain were significantly higher among those suffering COPD than those without COPD. For CNP the figures were 40.5% versus 26.1%, for CLBP 44.8% versus 28.4%, and for migraine 22.5% versus 13.2%. Multivariable analysis showed that COPD was associated to a 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.45) higher risk of CNP, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.16-1.64) of CLBP, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.12-1.65) of migraine. Associated factors with the presence of these types of pain among COPD patients included younger age (not for CLBP), female sex (not for CLBP), “fair/poor/very poor” self-rated health (not for migraine), high blood pressure (not for CNP), mental disorders, obesity (not for migraine), and use of pain medication.

Discussion:
The prevalence of CNP, CLBP, and migraine was significantly higher among COPD patients in comparison with controls. Associated factors to suffering these types of pain in patients with COPD included age, sex, self-rated health, certain comorbidities including mental disorders, obesity, and using pain medication.
Biological Response to Time-Controlled Adaptive Ventilation Depends on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Etiology*
Authors: Silva Pedro Leme , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Samary Cynthia dos Santos , Moraes Lillian , de Magalhães Raquel Ferreira , Fernandes Marcos Vinicius de S. , Bose Rebeca , Pelegati Vitor B. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Capelozzi Vera Luiza , Satalin Joshua , Gatto Louis , Andrews Penny , Habashi Nader , Nieman Gary , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To compare a time-controlled adaptive ventilation strategy, set in airway pressure release ventilation mode, versus a protective mechanical ventilation strategy in pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome with similar mechanical impairment.

Design:
Animal study.

Setting:
Laboratory investigation.

Subjects:
Forty-two Wistar rats.

Interventions:
Pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome were induced by instillation of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intratracheally or intraperitoneally, respectively. After 24 hours, animals were randomly assigned to receive 1 hour of volume-controlled ventilation (n = 7/etiology) or time-controlled adaptive ventilation (n = 7/etiology) (tidal volume = 8 mL/kg). Time-controlled adaptive ventilation consisted of the application of continuous positive airway pressure 2 cm H2O higher than baseline respiratory system peak pressure for a time (Thigh) of 0.75–0.85 seconds. The release pressure (Plow = 0 cm H2O) was applied for a time (Tlow) of 0.11–0.18 seconds. Tlow was set to target an end-expiratory flow to peak expiratory flow ratio of 75%. Nonventilated animals (n = 7/etiology) were used for Diffuse Alveolar Damage and molecular biology markers analyses.

Measurement and Main Results:
Time-controlled adaptive ventilation increased mean respiratory system pressure regardless of acute respiratory distress syndrome etiology. The Diffuse Alveolar Damage score was lower in time-controlled adaptive ventilation compared with volume-controlled ventilation in pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome and lower in time-controlled adaptive ventilation than nonventilated in extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. In pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, volume-controlled ventilation, but not time-controlled adaptive ventilation, increased the expression of amphiregulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and metalloproteinase-9. Collagen density was higher, whereas expression of decorin was lower in time-controlled adaptive ventilation than nonventilated, independent of acute respiratory distress syndrome etiology. In pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, but not in extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, time-controlled adaptive ventilation increased syndecan expression.

Conclusion:
In pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, time-controlled adaptive ventilation led to more pronounced beneficial effects on expression of biomarkers related to overdistension and extracellular matrix homeostasis.
Evaluation of stillbirth
Authors: Page Jessica M. , Silver Robert M. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review
To review current evidence regarding the most useful tests for evaluation of potential causes of stillbirth.

Recent findings
Stillbirth remains one of the most devastating obstetric complications. Recent advances include work investigating the highest yield diagnostic tests for determining a cause of death in stillbirths. Placental pathology and fetal autopsy improve the diagnostic yield when combined with maternal clinical history. Additional tools include genetic evaluation, and testing for antiphospholipid antibodies and fetal–maternal hemorrhage based on the clinical scenario. However, routine testing for heritable thrombophilias or infection has not proven to be useful. In cases in which fetal autopsy is not acceptable to patients or possible for logistical reasons, alternative forms of fetal evaluation should be considered.

Summary
A systematic approach to stillbirth evaluation is useful in identifying a potential cause of death. This should incorporate clinical information as well as placental pathology and fetal autopsy. Based on clinical characteristics further testing may be indicated.
Flat Incision Technique for Reconstructive Brow Surgery: A Wound Healing Model and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Feinendegen Dominik L. , Tremp Mathias , Roldán J. Camilo 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Skin incision is considered to be placed at 90° in reference to the skin to get perfect wound edge adaptation. The incision on hair-bearing tissues, as the scalp, is considered to be bevelled at 45° to promote hair growth through the scar. There is no consensus about the preferred incision angle on the brow. The aim of this article was to demonstrate the feasibility of the “flat incision technique” for brow repositioning, where brow deformation results after forehead reconstruction. A wound-healing model for the bevelled incision is presented.

Methods:
Brow incisions are bevelled with an angle of 20°. The lower incision is placed inside the brow so that the upper 2 rows of hair are included; the dermis is completely transected and dissection is continued into the subdermal plane. The procedure is presented in a patient who underwent resection of the forehead due to melanoma.

Results:
The bevelled incision increases the surface area of dermal layer by a factor of 2 compared with the standard vertical skin incision at 90°. Loss of the dermal tissue integrity and continuity due to trauma hinders the recovery of cell migration and function, resulting in a more prominent scar formation. It appears reasonable that with the increased surface area of the dermal layers in the wound edges, the scar quality improves. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the procedure.

Conclusion:
The bevelled 20° incision for brow repositioning and reshaping showed to be a viable and predictable procedure.
Active Video Games as a Training Tool for Individuals With Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Butler Stacey J. , Lee Annemarie L. , Goldstein Roger S. , Brooks Dina 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
Exercise is an effective treatment for reducing symptom severity and improving quality of life for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Active video games offer a new and enjoyable way to exercise and have gained popularity in a rehabilitation setting. However, it is unclear whether they achieve comparable physiological and clinical effects as traditional exercise training.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies that included an active video game component as a form of exercise training and a comparator group in chronic respiratory disease. Two assessors independently reviewed study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and extracted data for exercise capacity, quality of life, and preference of exercise model.

Results:
Six studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity of the populations, study designs, length of intervention, and outcome measures, meta-analysis could not be performed. Active video game training resulted in comparable training maximal heart rate and dyspnea levels to those achieved when exercising using a treadmill or cycle (n = 5). There was insufficient evidence (n = 3) to determine whether active video game training improved exercise capacity as measured by 6-min walk test or treadmill endurance walking.

Conclusions:
Although the quality of evidence was low, in a small number of studies active video games induced peak heart rates and dyspnea levels comparable with traditional exercise training. Larger and longer-term randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the impact of video game training for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases.