bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Double‐Whammy”: How Cuts in State Appropriations and Federal Pell Grants Harm Rural Community College Students and the Institutions That Serve Them
Authors: Koh Jonathan P. , Katsinas Stephen G. , Bray Nathaniel J. , Hardy David E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter reviews multiple variables across all public community colleges, and unveils marked disparities in public funding between and within the states at community colleges of different sizes and geographical settings.
Side‐by‐side comparison of composition and structural properties of wheat, rye, oat, and maize bran and their impact on in vitro fermentability
Authors: Roye Chiara , Bulckaen Karen , De Bondt Yamina , Liberloo Inge , Van De Walle Davy , Dewettinck Koen , Courtin Christophe M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesCompared to wheat bran, less information on physicochemical characteristics and health‐related effects is available for bran from other cereals and results are often confounded by residual endosperm. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare structure and composition of endosperm‐depleted bran of wheat, rye, oat, and maize, and link these characteristics to fecal fermentation characteristics.FindingsCompared to wheat, endosperm‐depleted rye bran contained twice the amount of fructan (8.0% dm) and water‐extractable arabinoxylan (1.4% dm). Oat bran had a more open structure and was rich in (1,3:1,4)‐β‐glucan (17.0% dm). For rye and oat bran, and to a lesser extent wheat bran, fermentation with fecal microbiota resulted in short chain fatty acid production, with full metabolization of fructan and β‐glucan after 2 and 24 hr of fecal fermentation, respectively. For maize bran, a less accessible structure containing over 70% of arabinoxylan and cellulose was coupled to a lower degree of fecal fermentation.ConclusionRemoval of endosperm as a confounding factor when studying bran properties allowed us to obtain more accurate estimates of the composition, structure, and some physicochemical characteristics of bran of wheat, rye, oat, and maize. Bran fecal fermentation characteristics were mainly determined by composition and to a lesser extent by accessibility of the structure.Significance and noveltyThis is the first study that compares composition, structure, and fecal fermentation characteristics of wheat, rye, oat, and maize bran, after eliminating endosperm as a confounding factor. The knowledge obtained will allow a more goal‐oriented choice of bran type for incorporation into food products, depending on targeted physiological effects and nutritional impact.
Formation of the CuII–Phenoxyl Radical by Reaction of O2 with a CuII–Phenolate Complex via the CuI–Phenoxyl Radical
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Oshita Hiromi , Yajima Tatsuo , Tani Fumito , Abe Hitoshi , Shimazaki Yuichi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReaction of Cu(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O with a tripodal 2N2O ligand, H2Me2NL, having a p‐(dimethylamino)phenol moiety, in CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1 v/v) under basic conditions under an inert gas atmosphere gave [Cu(Me2NL)(H2O)] (1). The same reaction carried out under aerobic conditions gave [Cu(Me2NL)(MeOH)]ClO4 (2), which could be obtained also from the isolated complex 1 by reaction with O2 in CH2Cl2/MeOH. The X‐ray crystal structures of 1 and 2 revealed similar square‐pyramidal structures, but 2 showed the (dimethylamino)phenoxyl radical features. Complex 1 exhibits characteristic CuII EPR signals of the d
ground state in CH2Cl2/MeOH at 77 K, whereas 2 is EPR‐silent. The EPR and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results suggest that 2 is assigned to the CuII–(dimethylamino)phenoxyl radical. However, complex 1 showed different features in the absence of MeOH. The EPR spectrum of the CH2Cl2 solution of 1 exhibits distortion from the d
ground state and a temperature‐dependent equilibrium between the CuII–(dimethylamino)phenolate and the CuI–(dimethylamino)phenoxyl radical. From these results, CuII–phenoxyl radical complex 2 is concluded to be formed by the reaction of 1 with O2 via the CuI–phenoxyl radical species.
A Solvent‐Exposed Cysteine Forms a Peculiar NiII‐Binding Site in the Metallochaperone CooT from Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Alfano Marila , Veronesi Giulia , Musiani Francesco , Zambelli Barbara , Signor Luca , Proux Olivier , Rovezzi Mauro , Ciurli Stefano , Cavazza Christine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Rhodospirillum rubrum, the maturation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) requires three nickel chaperones, namely RrCooC, RrCooT and RrCooJ. Recently, the biophysical characterisation of the RrCooT homodimer and the X‐ray structure of its apo form revealed the existence of a solvent‐exposed NiII‐binding site at the dimer interface, involving the strictly conserved Cys2. Here, a multifaceted approach that used NMR and X‐ray absorption spectroscopies, complemented with structural bio‐modelling methodologies, was used to characterise the binding mode of NiII in RrCooT. This study suggests that NiII adopts a square‐planar geometry through a N2S2 coordinating environment that comprises the two thiolate and amidate groups of both Cys2 residues at the dimer interface. The existence of a diamagnetic mononuclear NiII centre with bis‐amidate/bis‐thiolate ligands, coordinated by a single‐cysteine motif, is unprecedented in biology and raises the question of its role in the activation of CODH at the molecular level.
Dearomatizing and Derivatizing a Mesityl Group on Boron by One‐Pot Photoisomerization and [4+2] Diels–Alder Addition
Authors: Deng Billy , Wang Xiang , Wang Suning 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBoron compounds having a conjugated chelate backbone (N,C‐chelate or C,C‐chelate) and two mesityl substituents on boron have been found to undergo a facile one‐pot transformation/reaction with dienophiles, which leads to the dearomatization of one mesityl ring and its [4+2] Diels–Alder addition with the dienophile. Photochemical activation is the key in this transformation of the aryl ring.
Atroposelective Total Synthesis of the Fourfold ortho‐Substituted Naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline Biaryl O,N‐Dimethylhamatine
Authors: Slack Eric D. , Seupel Raina , Aue Donald H. , Bringmann Gerhard , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA stereoselective total synthesis of O,N‐dimethylhamatine, an analogue of an axially chiral naphthylisoquinoline natural biaryl product from tropical Ancistrocladus lianas, is reported. The route features a late‐stage atropo‐diastereoselective biaryl bond formation. Generation of this especially challenging, sterically hindered tetra‐ortho‐substituted array was achieved by using Nolan's (IPr*NHC)PdCinCl pre‐catalyst under mild Negishi coupling conditions. Discussion is offered regarding the selectivity obtained experimentally and predicted from DFT calculations on the key biaryl coupling step that leads to the desired M‐diastereomer.
Pulmonary metastasis of cribriform‐morular variant of thyroid carcinoma mimicking primary adenocarcinoma of the lung: A potential pitfall
Authors: Laforga Juan B. , Pedro Teresa , Gasent Joan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCribriform‐morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV‐TC) shows a peculiar mixture of follicular, cribriform, papillary, trabecular, and solid patterns with squamoid morules. Ocassionally, lung metastasis may be interpreted incorrectly as primary lung adenocarcinoma. We illustrate a case of pulmonary meastasis of CMV‐TC mimicking a primary adenocarcinoma, 7 years after diagnosis of CMV‐TC. The lung metastases may be easily missed if the pathologist is unaware of the patient's prior history and a limited immunohistochemical panel (CK7 and TTF‐1) is used. The histologic and immunohistochemical (β‐catenin+, ER+, PR+, TTF‐1 +, and CK7+) findings were diagnostic of CMV‐TC and ensured adequate treatment.
Mating dynamics and multiple paternity in a long‐lived vertebrate
Authors: Zajdel Joshua , Lance Stacey L. , Rainwater Thomas R. , Wilkinson Phillip M. , Hale Matthew D. , Parrott Benjamin B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultiple paternity is relatively common across diverse taxa; however, the drivers and implications related to paternal and maternal fitness are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity. One set of hypotheses seeks to explain multiple paternity through direct and indirect benefits including increased genetic diversity or enhanced offspring fitness, whereas another set of hypotheses explains multiple paternity as a by‐product of sexual conflict and population‐specific parameters such as density. Here, we investigate mating system dynamics in a historically studied population of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in coastal South Carolina. We examine parentage in 151 nests across 6 years and find that 43% of nests were sired by multiple males and that male reproductive success is strongly influenced by male size. Whereas clutch size and hatchling size did not differ between singly sired and multiply sired nests, fertility rates were observed to be lower in multiply sired clutches. Our findings suggest that multiple paternity may exert cost in regard to female fitness, and raise the possibility that sexual conflict might influence the frequency of multiple paternity in wild alligator populations.
Predicting species occurrences with habitat network models
Authors: Ortiz‐Rodríguez Damian O. , Guisan Antoine , Holderegger Rolf , van Strien Maarten J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiodiversity conservation requires modeling tools capable of predicting the presence or absence (i.e., occurrence‐state) of species in habitat patches. Local habitat characteristics of a patch (lh), the cost of traversing the landscape matrix between patches (weighted connectivity [wc]), and the position of the patch in the habitat network topology (nt) all influence occurrence‐state. Existing models are data demanding or consider only local habitat characteristics. We address these shortcomings and present a network‐based modeling approach, which aims to predict species occurrence‐state in habitat patches using readily available presence‐only records.For the tree frogHyla arboreain the Swiss Plateau, we delineated habitat network nodes from an ensemble habitat suitability model and used different cost surfaces to generate the edges of three networks: one limited only by dispersal distance (Uniform), another incorporating traffic, and a third based on inverse habitat suitability. For each network, we calculated explanatory variables representing the three categories (lh,wc, andnt). The response variable, occurrence‐state, was parametrized by a sampling intensity procedure assessing observations of comparable species over a threshold of patch visits. The explanatory variables from the three networks and an additional non‐topological model were related to the response variable with boosted regression trees.The habitat network models had a similar fit; they all outperformed the non‐topological model. Habitat suitability index (lh) was the most important predictor in all networks, followed by third‐order neighborhood (nt). Patch size (lh) was unimportant in all three networks.We found that topological variables of habitat networks are relevant for the prediction of species occurrence‐state, a step‐forward from models considering only local habitat characteristics. For any habitat patch, occurrence‐state is most prominently influenced by its habitat suitability and then by the number of patches in a wide neighborhood. Our approach is generic and can be applied to multiple species in different habitats.
Responses of annual herb plant community characteristics to increased precipitation and reduced wind velocity in semiarid sandy grassland
Authors: Sun Shan‐Shan , Liu Xin‐Ping , He Yu‐Hui , Wei Shui‐Lian , Zhang La‐Mei , Lv Peng , Bao Chelmeg , Wang Ming‐Ming , Cheng Li 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChanges in precipitation regimes and wind velocity tend to alter structure and composition of the annual herb plant community, with consequent effects on ecological functioning and biodiversity maintenance. We examined the effects of increased precipitation and reduced wind velocity on annual herb plant community characteristics via a manipulative experiment from the middle of April to middle of August, 2016. There was significant increment in species richness with increased precipitation from June to August, and there were interactive effects between increased precipitation and reduced wind velocity especially in June and the end of July. From June to August, increased precipitation, reduced wind velocity as well as their interaction stimulated sandy plant community development. There was considerable elevation in plant coverage with increased precipitation, and also there was an interactive effect of increased precipitation with 20% reduced wind velocity. However, reduced wind velocity caused more significant stimulation (p < .01) in plant height. Moreover, dominant plants, Salsola collina, Bassia dasyphylla, and Setaria viridis, contributed equally to the elevated community coverage with increased precipitation, whereas S. collina occupied a much larger proportion on the augment of community height compared with the other two species under the increased precipitation and reduced wind velocity. Elevated Shannon–Wiener index was detected with increased precipitation in June and July. Furthermore, increased precipitation and reduced wind velocity enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass, respectively. These species traits‐in structuring and composing plant community were suggested to be conducive to deep understanding the plant functioning and dynamics under global changing precipitation regimes and atmospheric wind velocity scenarios.
Change in fatigue in acceptance and commitment therapy‐based treatment for chronic pain and its association with enhanced psychological flexibility
Authors: Yu Lin , Scott Whitney , McCracken Lance M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeFatigue is commonly reported by people with chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to examine Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), based on the Psychological Flexibility (PF) model, for fatigue in chronic pain.MethodsThis study included 354 adults attending an interdisciplinary ACT‐oriented treatment for chronic pain. T‐tests and analyses of clinically meaningful change were used to investigate participant improvements in fatigue interference after the treatment. Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regressions were conducted to investigate associations between improvement in fatigue interference and improvements in PF processes. Finally, mixed effects models were used to explore associations between baseline fatigue interference and changes in treatment outcome measures.ResultsParticipants improved in fatigue interference (d = 0.37), pain, some PF processes and daily functioning (d = 0.18–1.08). 39.7% of participants demonstrated clinically meaningfully improvements in fatigue interference. Changes in fatigue interference was associated with changes in pain, PF processes and daily functioning, |r| = 0.20–0.46. Change in fatigue interference was associated with change in pain acceptance independent of change in pain, β = −0.36, p < .001. However, baseline fatigue interference did not predict any treatment outcome. Overall, people with fatigue appeared to benefit from the ACT‐oriented interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain, and relatively higher levels of fatigue did not appear to impede this benefit.ConclusionACT‐based treatments may benefit people with chronic pain and fatigue. Future studies including experimental designs, and studies investigating other PF processes, are needed to better understand the utility of ACT for comorbid fatigue and pain.SignificanceThis study investigates the association between fatigue interference and psychological flexibility processes in chronic pain, and the first one investigating fatigue interference as a predictor of functioning in chronic pain following Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)‐based treatment. Findings of the study provide preliminary evidence for the association between ACT and fatigue in people with chronic pain and support the potential benefit of ACT for people with comorbid chronic pain and fatigue.
Critical materials in PEMFC systems and a LCA analysis for the potential reduction of environmental impacts with EoL strategies
Authors: Stropnik Rok , Lotrič Andrej , Bernad Montenegro Alfonso , Sekavčnik Mihael , Mori Mitja 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCommonly used materials constituting the core components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), including the balance‐of‐plant, were classified according to the EU criticality methodology with an additional assessment of hazardousness and price. A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of the materials potentially present in PEMFC systems was performed for 1 g of each material. To demonstrate the importance of appropriate actions at the end of life (EoL) for critical materials, a LCA study of the whole life cycle for a 1‐kW PEMFC system and 20,000 operating hours was performed. In addition to the manufacturing phase, four different scenarios of hydrogen production were analyzed. In the EoL phase, recycling was used as a primary strategy, with energy extraction and landfill as the second and third. The environmental impacts for 1 g of material show that platinum group metals and precious metals have by far the largest environmental impact; therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to these materials in the EoL phase. The LCA results for the 1‐kW PEMFC system show that in the manufacturing phase the major environmental impacts come from the fuel cell stack, where the majority of the critical materials are used. Analysis shows that only 0.75 g of platinum in the manufacturing phase contributes, on average, 60% of the total environmental impacts of the manufacturing phase. In the operating phase, environmentally sounder scenarios are the hydrogen production with water electrolysis using hydroelectricity and natural gas reforming. These two scenarios have lower absolute values for the environmental impact indicators, on average, compared with the manufacturing phase of the 1‐kW PEMFC system. With proper recycling strategies in the EoL phase for each material, and by paying a lot of attention to the critical materials, the environmental impacts could be reduced, on average, by 37.3% for the manufacturing phase and 23.7% for the entire life cycle of the 1‐kW PEMFC system.
A comparative study of the nanopore structure characteristics of coals and Longmaxi shales in China
Authors: Zhou Shangwen , Liu Honglin , Chen Hao , Wang Hongyan , Guo Wei , Liu Dexun , Zhang Qin , Wu Jin , Shen Weijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBoth of the coalbed methane (CBM) and shale gas reservoirs are dominated by nanometer‐scale pores with their nanopore structures controlling the occurrence, enrichment, and accumulation of natural gas. Low‐pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LP‐N2GA), low‐pressure carbon dioxide gas adsorption (LP‐CO2GA), high‐pressure methane adsorption (HPMA), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) experiments were conducted on 14 different‐rank coal samples and nine Longmaxi shale samples collected from various basins in China to compare their nanopore characteristics. The FE‐SEM results indicate that the pore structures of both the coal and shale samples consist of nanometer‐sized pores that primarily developed in the organic matter. The types of their isothermal adsorption curves are similar. However, the coal and shale samples possess various hysteresis loops, which suggest that the nanopores in shale are open‐plated, whereas those in coal are semi‐open. Furthermore, the specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) of the micropores in coal are much larger than those of the mesopores, with the micropore SSAs accounting for 99% of the total SSA in the coal samples. However, the micropore SSAs in the shale samples only account 42.24% of the total SSA. These different nanopore structures reflect their different methane adsorption mechanisms. The methane adsorption of coal is primarily controlled by the micropore SSA, whereas that of shale is primarily controlled by the mesopore SSA. If we use mesopore SSA to analyze its impact on methane adsorption capacity of coal and shale, it will be mismatched. However, no mismatching relationship exists between the total SSAs and adsorption capacities of coal and shale. This study highlights the controlling effect of total SSA on methane adsorption capacity.
A new test methodology for studying the response of walls to real fire environments
Authors: Ellingham Jennifer , DiDomizio Matthew J. , Weckman Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryA new test methodology was developed to investigate the response of walls, partitions, and in‐wall systems exposed to real fires. The apparatus includes a 3.5 m long, 2.3 m wide, and 2.3 m high fire compartment within a standard sea container. A wall specimen measuring up to 1.8 m wide, 1.8 m tall, and 0.3 m deep is mounted in a steel frame at one end of the fire compartment. Fire exposures to the wall specimen evolve over time depending on the fuel load and ventilation configuration. Gas temperatures and heat flux were characterized for five different fuel and ventilation configurations. Peak exposures ranged from 30 to 75 kW/m2 for about 20 minutes. Five additional tests were conducted using a single fuel and ventilation configuration to assess the repeatability of the test methodology. It was found that a 19.3 minute growth period occurred plateauing at a ceiling temperature of 708°C for 8.4 minutes, on average. Compartment gas temperatures were found to be repeatable, having a sample standard deviation less than 32°C for symmetric data. Repeatability improved when account was taken for the rapid fire growth inflection point. The utility of the approach for studying fire performance of building elements was demonstrated.
Diet‐induced DNA methylation within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and dysregulated leptin and insulin signaling in the pathophysiology of obesity
Authors: Samodien Ebrahim , Pheiffer Carmen , Erasmus Melisse , Mabasa Lawrence , Louw Johan , Johnson Rabia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObesity rates continue to rise in an unprecedented manner in what could be the most rapid population‐scale shift in human phenotype ever to occur. Increased consumption of unhealthy, calorie‐dense foods, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, is the main factor contributing to a positive energy balance and the development of obesity. Leptin and insulin are key hormones implicated in pathogenesis of this disorder and are crucial for controlling whole‐body energy homeostasis. Their respective function is mediated by the counterbalance of anorexigenic and orexigenic neurons located within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Dysregulation of leptin and insulin signaling pathways within this brain region may contribute not only to the development of obesity, but also systemically affect the peripheral organs, thereby manifesting as metabolic diseases. Although the exact mechanisms detailing how these hypothalamic nuclei contribute to disease pathology are still unclear, increasing evidence suggests that altered DNA methylation may be involved. This review evaluates animal studies that have demonstrated diet‐induced DNA methylation changes in genes that regulate energy homeostasis within the arcuate nucleus, and elucidates possible mechanisms causing hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance leading to the development of obesity and metabolic diseases.