bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young as a model for elucidating the multifactorial origin of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Horikawa Yukio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of diabetes classically characterized as having autosomal dominant inheritance, onset before the age of 25 years in at least one family member and partly preserved pancreatic β‐cell function. The 14 responsible genes are reported to be MODY type 1~14, of which MODY 2 and 3 might be the most common forms. Although MODY is currently classified as diabetes of a single gene defect, it has become clear that mutations in rare MODYs, such as MODY 5 and MODY 6, have small mutagenic effects and low penetrance. In addition, as there are differences in the clinical phenotypes caused by the same mutation even in the same family, other phenotypic modifying factors are thought to exist; MODY could well have characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is of multifactorial origin. Here, we outline the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the known phenotypes of MODY, focusing mainly on the examples of MODY 5 and 6, which have low penetrance, as suggestive models for elucidating the multifactorial origin of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Studying the effect of systemic and biological drugs on intima‐media thickness in patients suffering from moderate and severe psoriasis
Authors: Martinez‐Lopez A. , Blasco‐Morente G. , Perez‐Lopez I. , Tercedor‐Sanchez J. , Arias‐Santiago S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis has been related to a large number of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis. The increased carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) could be considered to be a marker of generalized arteriosclerosis.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of systemic and biological drugs on psoriatic patients' carotid IMT.MethodsA prospective study was performed. We studied 53 patients with moderate and severe psoriasis from our psoriasis dermatological unit, analysing lipid and glucose metabolism and performing a carotid IMT sonography before introduction of systemic and biological drugs. After that, we performed an 8‐month closely analytic and sonographic follow‐up.ResultsThe IMT of the patients with psoriasis treated with biological drugs tended to decrease, although this occurrence was not statistically significant (P = 0.086). The subgroup analysis revealed that patients treated with methotrexate (P = 0.045) and anti‐IL‐12/23 (P = 0.010) presented a decrease in their IMT levels. This analysis also showed a decrease in glycaemia and insulin levels in patients treated with TNF‐alpha inhibitors and ustekinumab.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the carotid IMT may benefit from treatment with biological drugs, particularly anti‐IL‐12/23 and methotrexate in patients suffering from moderate and severe psoriasis. However, larger longitudinal studies should be performed to fully confirm these results.
Pork juice promotes biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Liu Aili , Shi Chunlei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA total of 47 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were separated and identified from 153 retailed raw meat samples in Shanghai area with the highest contamination rate in pork meat (20.34%). Using multiplex PCR, these isolates were divided into 3 serogroups: 1/2a‐3a, 1/2b‐3b‐7, and 1/2c‐3c, and 1/2a‐3a was predominant in these isolates. Calgary device was introduced to cultivate biofilm, and crystal violet staining and viable cell enumeration was used to determine the quantity of biofilm formation. Meat juices significantly impacted the biofilm formation, and L. monocytogenes had the highest biofilm‐forming ability in pork juice. However, there was no significant difference on biofilm formation among different serotypes and sources. When cocultured in pork juice, the cell numbers of Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and L. monocytogenes had a significant decrease or decreasing tendency compared to monospecies biofilm, which revealed a competitive interaction among the three species.Practical applicationsIt is aimed to investigate the biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes on plastic surface in different meat juices (beef, chicken, and pork) and the interaction among the multispecies biofilm of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and L. monocytogenes in pork juice. Meat juice was used as a simulation of the real condition in meat processing environment, and the result can give suggestions to meat industry to keep a close eye on raw pork product.
Meta‐analysis of the prognostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Pengfei , Andrukhov Oleh , Wang Tingjian , Song Siying , Yan Changxiang , Zhang Fengqiu 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundA number of studies have assessed the prognostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but their results regarding the predictive value of NLR in OSCC are inconsistent. We therefore performed a meta‐analysis to clarify the association between NLR and clinical outcome in OSCC.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify potential studies investigating the association between NLR and survival in OSCC.ResultsA total of 10 studies, enrolling 2135 patients with OSCC, were included. A higher NLR was a negative predictor for both disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.47‐2.54) and overall survival (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.28‐1.90).ConclusionThis suggests a higher NLR is predictive of a poorer prognosis in OSCC. Because determination of NLR is non‐invasive and cost‐effective, it could be widely used for predicting prognosis in OSCC.
Ready‐made versus custom‐made mandibular advancement appliances in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Johal Ama , Agha Bahn 
Published: February 2018

SummaryMandibular advancement appliances (MAAs) are an increasingly accepted treatment choice in obstructive sleep apnea management. The ready‐made MAAs has questioned the need for a customised MAAs, given the former is more accessible and considerably cheaper. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate both objective and patient‐centred outcomes in relation to ready‐made and custom‐made MAAs s. Biomedical electronic databases, clinical trials registers and Grey literature were searched to January 2017, for randomised controlled trials. Meta‐analyses of clinical trials were conducted for a range of objective (apnea–hypopnea index, treatment response) and subjective scales (daytime sleepiness; quality of life; patient preference and adherence). The review included three randomised controlled trials, which revealed low risk of bias. Custom‐made MAAs s achieved a significant mean difference in the apnea–hypopnea index (−3.2; 95% confidence interval −5.18, −1.22; p = .004), daytime sleepiness (−0.98; 95% confidence interval −1.97, 0.01; p = .05), observed mean difference in Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire scores (0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.14, 1.38; p = .02), self‐reported adherence (6.4–7 nights per week and 5–6.3 hr per night) and expressed preference (p ≤ .001) when compared with the ready‐made MAAs s. Custom‐made MAAs s offer clear definable advantages, demonstrating significant clinical effectiveness, patient preference and adherence.
The optimal timing of hepatitis C therapy in liver transplant‐eligible patients: Cost‐effectiveness analysis of new opportunities
Authors: Cortesi P. A. , Belli L. S. , Facchetti R. , Mazzarelli C. , Perricone G. , De Nicola S. , Cesana G. , Duvoux C. , Mantovani L. G. , Strazzabosco M. ,   the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA)
Published: February 2018

SummaryDifferent strategies of DAAs treatment are currently possible both pre‐ and postliver transplantation (LT). Clinical and economic consequences of these strategies still need to be adequately investigated; this study aims at assessing their cost‐effectiveness. A decision analytical model was created to simulate the progression of HCV‐infected patients listed for decompensated cirrhosis (DCC) or for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three DAAs treatment strategies were compared: (i) a 12‐week course of DAAs prior to transplantation (PRE‐LT), (ii) a 4‐week course of DAAs starting at the time of transplantation (PERI‐LT) and (iii) a 12‐week course of DAAs administered at disease recurrence (POST‐LT). The population was substratified according to HCC presence and, in those without HCC, according to the MELD score at listing. Data on DAAs effectiveness were estimated using a cohort of patients still followed by 11 transplant centres of the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association and by data available in the literature. In this study, PRE‐LT treatment strategy was dominant for DCC patients with MELD<16 and cost‐effective for those with MELD16‐20, while POST‐LT strategy emerged as cost‐effective for DCC patients with MELD>20 and for those with HCC. Sensitivity analyses confirmed PRE‐LT as the cost‐effective strategy for patients with MELD≤20. In conclusion, PRE‐LT treatment is cost‐effective for patients with MELD≤20 without HCC, while treatments after LT are cost‐effective in cirrhotic patients with MELD>20 and in those with HCC. It is worth reminding, though, that the final choice of a specific regimen at the patient level will have to be personalized based on clinical, social and transplant‐related factors.
Cirrhosis, high age and high body mass index are risk factors for persisting advanced fibrosis after sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Hedenstierna M. , Nangarhari A. , El‐Sabini A. , Weiland O. , Aleman S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe aimed to assess fibrosis with liver stiffness measurement long‐term after sustained virological response of chronic hepatitis C and to identify risk factors associated with persisting fibrosis. In this cross‐sectional study, patients with chronic hepatitis C and pretreatment advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis treated successfully at Karolinska University Hospital with an interferon‐containing regimen underwent liver stiffness measurement with FibroScan. The impact of potential risk factors for persisting fibrosis was estimated. We included 269 patients with a median follow‐up time of 7.7 years (range 0‐20), 84 with a follow‐up time of ≥10 years. Patients with pretreatment cirrhosis had a significantly higher median liver stiffness level (8.5 kPa 95% CI 7‐9.1) at follow‐up, than patients with advanced fibrosis (6 kPa 95% CI 5.5‐6.4). A majority improved their fibrosis stage after sustained virological response, but 24% had persisting advanced fibrosis with a liver stiffness level of ≥ 9.5 kPa. Among patients with pretreatment cirrhosis, the proportion with persisting advanced fibrosis diminished with longer follow‐up time, from 48% after <5 years to 21% after >10 years. The main risk factors for persisting advanced fibrosis were pretreatment cirrhosis, high age and body mass index. In conclusion, fibrosis improves substantially during long‐term follow‐up after sustained virological response in hepatitis C patients with pretreatment advanced liver fibrosis. Lifestyle intervention to decrease weight in obese persons and treatment before establishment of cirrhosis should therefore be recommended to avoid persistence of advanced fibrosis after virological cure.
Cultural factors influencing Japanese nurses’ assertive communication. Part 1: Collectivism
Authors: Omura Mieko , Stone Teresa E. , Levett‐Jones Tracy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCulture influences the way health‐care professionals communicate with each other and their ability to relate to colleagues in an assertive manner. Cultural barriers can also make it difficult for nurses to speak up even when they have concerns about patient safety. An understanding of the potential impact of cultural factors is therefore needed when developing assertiveness communication training programs. This paper presents the findings from a study that explored Japanese nurses’ perceptions of how culture and values impact assertive communication in health care. Semistructured interviews with 23 registered nurses were undertaken, and data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Two major themes were identified: collectivism and hierarchy/power. In the present study, we discuss the cultural values related to collectivism that included four categories of “wa” (harmony), “uchi to soto” (inside and outside), implicit communication/ambiguity, and “nemawashi” (groundwork). The findings highlight the impact of culture on nurses’ assertive communication behaviors and can be used to inform the design of culturally‐appropriate assertiveness communication training programs for Japanese nurses working both within their own country or internationally.
Correlation of right ventricular multielectrode endocardial unipolar mapping and epicardial scar
Authors: Chrispin Jonathan , Keramati Ali R. , Assis Fabrizio R. , Misra Satish , Zghaib Tarek , Berger Ronald D. , Calkins Hugh , Tandri Harikrishna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsPrior studies identified a relationship between epicardial bipolar and endocardial unipolar voltage. Whether the relationship is valid with smaller multielectrode mapping catheters has not been reported. We explored the association of right ventricular (RV) endocardial unipolar voltage mapping with epicardial bipolar voltage mapping using a multielectrode mapping catheter.MethodsElectrograms from patients who underwent multielectrode endocardial and epicardial RV electroanatomical mapping during ablation procedures were analyzed. Each endocardial mapping point was matched to the corresponding nearest epicardial point. The correlation between unipolar endocardial voltage and epicardial bipolar voltage was determined. The optimal unipolar threshold to detect epicardial low voltage (< 1.0 mV) and dense scar (0.5 mV) was calculated.ResultsA total of 4,895 points were analyzed. There was a significant correlation between endocardial unipolar and epicardial bipolar voltage (Spearman rho = 0.499, P = < 0.001). The extent of the correlation was inversely associated with wall thickness. The receiver operator characteristic analysis of endocardial unipolar voltage predicting epicardial bipolar voltage of < 1.0 mV and < 0.5 showed an area under the curve of 0.769 and 0.812, respectively. The endocardial unipolar voltage that had the highest sensitivity and specificity in detecting epicardial bipolar voltage of < 1.0 mV and < 0.5 mV was 3.3 mV (70.3% sensitivity, 70.3% specificity), and 2.8 mV (sensitivity 73.8%, specificity 73.3%), respectively.ConclusionEpicardial low voltage of the RV can be assessed by unipolar endocardial voltage using small multielectrode catheters. The strength of the association was inversely correlated with the wall thickness.
Dura to spinal cord distance at different vertebral levels in children and its implications on epidural analgesia: A retrospective MRI‐based study
Authors: Wani Tariq , Beltran Ralph , Veneziano Giorgio , AlGhamdi Faris , Azzam Hatem , Akhtar Nahida , Tumin Dmitry , Majid Yasser , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe distance from the dura to spinal cord is not uniform at different vertebral levels. The dura to spinal cord distance may be a critical factor in avoiding the potential for neurological injury caused by needle trauma after a dural puncture. Typically, the greater the dura to spinal cord distance, the larger the potential safety margin. The objective of our study is to measure dura to spinal cord distance at two thoracic levels T6‐7, T9‐10, and one lumbar level L1‐2 using MRI images.MethodsEighty‐eight children under the age of 8 years old qualified for the study. The distance from dural side of ligamentum flavum to the posterior margin of the spinal cord was defined as dura to spinal cord distance. Sagittal T2‐weighted images of the thoracic and lumbar spine were used to measure the dura to spinal cord distance at the T6‐7, T9‐10, and L1‐2 interspaces. Measurements were taken perpendicular to long axis of the vertebral body at each level.ResultsThe dura to spinal cord distance was 5.9 ± 1.6 mm at T6‐7 (range: 1.4‐9.9 mm), 5.0 ± 1.6 mm at T9‐10 (1.2‐8.1 mm), and 3.6 ± 1.2 mm at L1‐2 (1.2‐6.8 mm). There were no evident differences in dura to spinal cord distance by gender, age, height, or weight.ConclusionThe present study reports that the largest dura to spinal cord distance is found at the T5‐6 level, and the shortest dura to spinal cord distance at the L1‐2 level. There appears to be substantially more room in the dorsal subarachnoid space at the thoracic level. The risk of spinal cord damage resulting from accidental epidural needle advancement may be greater in the lumbar region due to a more dorsal location of the spinal cord in the vertebral canal compared to the thoracic region.
QTL mapping and GWAS reveal candidate genes controlling capsaicinoid content in Capsicum
Authors: Han Koeun , Lee Hea‐Young , Ro Na‐Young , Hur On‐Sook , Lee Joung‐Ho , Kwon Jin‐Kyung , Kang Byoung‐Cheorl 
Published: February 2018

SummaryCapsaicinoids are unique compounds produced only in peppers (Capsicum spp.). Several studies using classical quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping and genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified QTLs controlling capsaicinoid content in peppers; however, neither the QTLs common to each population nor the candidate genes underlying them have been identified due to the limitations of each approach used. Here, we performed QTL mapping and GWAS for capsaicinoid content in peppers using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and one GWAS population. Whole‐genome resequencing and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were used to construct high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps. Five QTL regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 were commonly identified in both RIL populations over multiple locations and years. Furthermore, a total of 109 610 SNPs derived from two GBS libraries were used to analyse the GWAS population consisting of 208 C. annuum‐clade accessions. A total of 69 QTL regions were identified from the GWAS, 10 of which were co‐located with the QTLs identified from the two biparental populations. Within these regions, we were able to identify five candidate genes known to be involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that QTL mapping and GBS‐GWAS represent a powerful combined approach for the identification of loci controlling complex traits.
Herpes zoster at the vaccination site in immunized healthy children
Authors: Song Hannah , Morley Keith W. , Trowbridge Ryan M. , Butler Daniel C. , Liang Marilyn G. , Gellis Stephen E. , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this case series, we report seven immunized healthy children without underlying immunodeficiency who presented with herpes zoster that correlated with varicella‐zoster vaccination site. The morphology of the lesions included erythematous papules, pseudovesicles, and plaques, with associated pain in two and pruritus in three patients; systemic symptoms ranged from none to low‐grade fevers, upper respiratory symptoms, and joint pain. These cases highlight the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications of herpes zoster in vaccinated children.
Evidence‐based restoration in the Anthropocene—from acting with purpose to acting for impact
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Rous Andrew M. , Donaldson Lisa A. , Taylor Jessica J. , Rytwinski Trina , Prior Kent A. , Smokorowski Karen E. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe recognition that we are in the distinct new epoch of the Anthropocene suggests the necessity for ecological restoration to play a substantial role in repairing the Earth's damaged ecosystems. Moreover, the precious yet limited resources devoted to restoration need to be used wisely. To do so, we call for the ecological restoration community to embrace the concept of evidence‐based restoration. Evidence‐based restoration involves the use of rigorous, repeatable, and transparent methods (i.e. systematic reviews) to identify and amass relevant knowledge sources, critically evaluate the science, and synthesize the credible science to yield robust policy and/or management advice needed to restore the Earth's ecosystems. There are now several examples of restoration‐relevant systematic reviews that have identified instances where restoration is entirely ineffective. Systematic reviews also serve as a tool to identify the knowledge gaps and the type of science needed (e.g. repeatable, appropriate replication, use of controls) to improve the evidence base. The restoration community, including both scientists and practitioners, needs to make evidence‐based restoration a reality so that we can move from best intentions and acting with so‐called “purpose” to acting for meaningful impact. Doing so has the potential to serve as a rallying point for reframing the Anthropocene as a so‐called “good” epoch.
A 70 Ma record of suprasolidus conditions in the large, hot, long‐duration Grenville Orogen
Authors: Turlin François , Deruy Clara , Eglinger Aurélien , Vanderhaeghe Olivier , André‐Mayer Anne‐Sylvie , Poujol Marc , Moukhsil Abdelali , Solgadi Fabien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPetrochronology of magmatic monazite and apatite from a single paragneiss leucosome derived by in situ partial melting documents the thermal evolution of the Allochthonous Belt of the central Grenville Province. Monazite records suprasolidus metamorphism from ca. 1080 to 1020 Ma under high temperature up to 850°C. Apatite from the same leucosome yields an age of 960 Ma, consistent with cooling of this crustal segment down to subsolidus conditions of ca. 450°C. A pegmatitic granite dyke, with lobate contacts, previously dated at ca. 1005 Ma (Turlin et al., ) is interpreted to intrude the paragneisses at a temperature of ca. 650°C close to the wet‐solidus. These data document slow cooling at a rate of 2–6°C/Ma for the middle crust of this part of the Grenville hinterland marked by protracted suprasolidus conditions for at least 70 Ma. It supports the definition of the Grenville Orogen as a large, hot, long‐duration orogen.
FCS‐like zinc finger 6 and 10 repress SnRK1 signalling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jamsheer K Muhammed , Sharma Manvi , Singh Dhriti , Mannully Chanchal T. , Jindal Sunita , Shukla Brihaspati N. , Laxmi Ashverya 
Published: February 2018

SummarySNF1‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central regulator of plant growth during energy starvation. The FCS‐like zinc finger (FLZ) proteins have recently been identified as adaptor proteins which facilitate the interaction of SnRK1 with other proteins. In this study, we found that two starvation‐induced FLZ genes, FLZ6 and FLZ10, work as repressors of SnRK1 signalling. The reduced expression of these genes resulted in an increase in the level of SnRK1α1, which is the major catalytic subunit of SnRK1. This lead to a concomitant increase in phosphorylated protein and SnRK1 activity in the flz6 and flz10 mutants. FLZ6 and FLZ10 specifically interact with SnRK1α subunits in the cytoplasmic foci, which co‐localized with the endoplasmic reticulum. In physiological assays, similar to the SnRK1α1 overexpression line, flz mutants showed compromised growth. Further, growth promotion in response to favourable growth conditions was found to be attenuated in the mutants. The enhanced SnRK1 activity in the mutants resulted in a reduction in the level of phosphorylated RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE and the expression of E2Fa and its targets, indicating that TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN‐dependent promotion of protein synthesis and cell cycle progression is impaired. Taken together, this study uncovers a plant‐specific modulation of SnRK1 signalling.