bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Oral Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Suppresses Intraoperative and Postoperative Blood Lactate Levels in Patients Undergoing Major Hepatectomy
Authors: Nanno Yoshihide , Toyama Hirochika , Terai Sachio , Mizumoto Takuya , Tanaka Motofumi , Kido Masahiro , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground: Lactate production is exacerbated by surgical stress. We sought to determine whether branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation could decrease blood lactate levels in patients undergoing hepatectomy. Methods: A total of 275 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy of ≥2 segments were retrospectively reviewed. Blood lactate levels in patients treated with BCAA supplementation before hepatectomy (December 2011 to December 2016) were compared with levels in patients who were not pretreated (January 2008 to November 2011). Results: Postoperative lactate levels were significantly lower in patients who received preoperative BCAA supplementation than in those who did not (2.6 vs 3.4 mmol/L; P < .001). Intraoperative blood lactate levels, which were evaluated after induction of general anesthesia, were also lower in those who received BCAA supplementation than in those who did not (1.1 vs 1.5 mmol/L, respectively; P < .001). A multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative BCAA supplementation was independently associated with decreased postoperative and intraoperative lactate levels (P = .030 and P < .001, respectively). Conclusion: Preoperative BCAA supplementation decreased intraoperative and postoperative blood lactate levels in patients undergoing major hepatectomy.
Close Relationship Between Immunological/Inflammatory Markers and Myopenia and Myosteatosis in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Okugawa Yoshinaga , Toiyama Yuji , Yamamoto Akira , Shigemori Tsunehiko , Kitamura Ayame , Ichikawa Takashi , Ide Shozo , Kitajima Takahito , Fujikawa Hiroyuki , Yasuda Hiromi , Okita Yoshiki , Hiro Junichiro , Araki Toshimitsu , McMillan Donald C. , Miki Chikao , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe systemic inflammatory response (SIR) via host‐tumor interactions has been termed the seventh hallmark of cancer, and several studies demonstrated that SIR might be a pivotal mediator for progression of cancer cachexia. The objective of this study was to clarify the correlation between sarcopenia and SIR in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA total of 308 patients with CRC were enrolled in this study. Preoperative psoas muscle mass index and intramuscular adipose tissue content were evaluated using preoperative computed tomographic images, and the correlation between body composition status and several SIR markers, including C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin level, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) was assessed using statistical methods.ResultsWhereas preoperative myosteatosis was not correlated with clinicopathological factors except for aging and the presence of lymphovascular invasion, preoperative myopenia was significantly associated with well‐established clinicopathological factors. Furthermore, the presence of myopenia was significantly correlated with elevated CRP, SII, and neutrophil‐platelet score, and decreased lymphocyte‐monocyte ratio, prognostic nutrition index, and serum albumin level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an elevated CRP concentration was an independent risk factor for the presence of preoperative myopenia (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% CI: 1.31–4.72; P = .005). Furthermore, these findings were validated using propensity score matching analysis (OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.17–4.75; P = .017).ConclusionQuantification of preoperative CRP could identify patients at high risk for development of myopenia who will likely require individualized treatment plans, including postoperative nutrition intervention, rehabilitation, and oncological follow‐up in patients with CRC.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Regulates Body Composition and Locomotor Activity in a Sex‐Dependent Manner in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chen Phoebe B. , Kim Ju Hyeon , Kim Daeyoung , Clark John M. , Park Yeonhwa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to be a bioactive food component. However, there is limited knowledge on the sex‐dependent effects of CLA on energy metabolism. In the present study, Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the sex‐dependent effects of CLA with respect to body fat, muscle, locomotion, and a key metabolic regulator, AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). Adult flies were fed a cornmeal‐based fly food with 0.5% of CLA oil (50:50 of cis‐9,trans‐11 and trans‐10,cis‐12 CLA isomers in triacylglycerol (TAG) form), 0.5% safflower oil (high in linoleic acid [LNA] as control), or 0.5% water (as blank) for 5 days. Accumulation of CLA in tissue was verified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. CLA‐fed flies had reduced TAG and increased locomotor activity when compared to LNA‐fed control flies. In addition, CLA increased the muscle content when compared to the blank. Moreover, following CLA supplementation, increased AMPKα activity was observed in females, but not in males. These sex‐dependent metabolic effects of CLA may be due to physiological differences in lipid metabolism and nutrient requirements. In conclusion, CLA promoted the body composition and locomotion behavior in D. melanogaster and regulated the sex‐specific metabolism in part via AMPKα. As key physiological processes are conserved between fly and human, information obtained from this research could provide valuable insights into sex‐dependent responses to CLA in humans.
OVERCOMING INCUMBENT CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION
Authors: Johnson Mark W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBusiness model innovation is a hot topic these days, but Johnson has been working in and writing about it for years. Here he explains “white space pursuits,” which he describes as “venture[s] into markets that the company hasn't served before, with new and different products and services.” He illustrates how companies such as Sony and Kodak held on too long to what became outdated models. Leaders can inform relevant stakeholders and place potential innovations in context, “describing the threats and opportunities they are facing that are impelling them to move past their core and its adjacencies, and explaining why remaining too close to home is actually a greater risk than a well‐managed trip into the white space.”
Extension of the mutation spectrum of PAX6 from three Chinese congenital aniridia families and identification of male gonadal mosaicism
Authors: Bai Zhouxian , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital aniridia is a severe autosomal dominant binocular developmental disorder, the primary feature of which is congenital absence or hypoplasia of the iris. PAX6 is the main disease‐causing gene of congenital aniridia; inheritance is autosomal dominant. But the current mutations do not fully explain this disorder.MethodsWe investigated the mutation profile of genes related in three Chinese families with congenital aniridia through targeted sequencing technology. And we validated the candidate variants by PCR‐based Sanger sequencing. Different degree impairments of islet function were observed in the patients with aniridia by carbohydrate tolerance butter and insulin release tests in our study.ResultsWe identified four novel mutations of PAX6 from three Chinese families with congenital aniridia, which included heterozygous double mutation c.879_880delCA (p.S294Cfs*46) and c.1124C>G (p.P375R) in Family 1 with three patients, heterozygous frameshift mutation c.308delG (p.P103Qfs*21) in Family 2 with one patient, and c.1192delT (p.S398Pfs*126) in Family 3 with two patients. The three frameshift mutations of PAX6 are co‐segregated with the aniridia from controls in the families, but the novel missense mutation is not co‐segregated with the phenotype. The frameshift mutations in Family 1 and Family 2 have effects to truncate the protein, but the frameshift mutation in Family 3 will prolong it. We confirmed the phenomenon of male gonadal mosaicism of PAX6 by the sequencing of two linked novel mutations in Family 1. Most of the patients with isolated aniridia have different degrees of islet damage through related clinical tests.ConclusionIt is therefore noteworthy that we found different types of pathogenic mutation, which have effects of truncating or prolonging protein leaded by frameshift mutation. Our results of this study extended the pathogenic mutation spectrum of PAX6 for congenital aniridia and demonstrated the male germline chimerism by molecular experiments.
Over‐discretized SENSE reconstruction and B0 correction for accelerated non‐lipid‐suppressed 1H FID MRSI of the human brain at 9.4 T
Authors: Nassirpour Sahar , Chang Paul , Kirchner Thomas , Henning Anke 
Published: October 2018

The aim of this work was to use post‐processing methods to improve the data quality of metabolite maps acquired on the human brain at 9.4 T with accelerated acquisition schemes. This was accomplished by combining an improved sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction with a B0 correction of spatially over‐discretized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data.Since MRSI scans suffer from long scan duration, investigating different acceleration techniques has recently been the focus of several studies. Due to strong B0 inhomogeneity and strict specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations at ultra‐high fields, the use of a low‐SAR sequence combined with an acceleration technique that is compatible with dynamic B0 shim updating is preferable. Hence, in this study, a non‐lipid‐suppressed ultra‐short TE and TR 1H free induction decay MRSI sequence is combined with an in‐plane SENSE acceleration technique to obtain high‐resolution metabolite maps in a clinically feasible scan time. One of the major issues in applying parallel imaging techniques to non‐lipid‐suppressed MRSI is the presence of strong lipid aliasing artifacts, which if not thoroughly resolved will hinder the accurate quantification of the metabolites of interest. To achieve a more robust reconstruction, an over‐discretized SENSE reconstruction (with direct control over the shape of the spatial response function) was combined with an over‐discretized B0 correction. This method is compared with conventional SENSE reconstruction for seven acceleration schemes on four healthy volunteers.The over‐discretized method consistently outperformed conventional SENSE, resulting in an average of 23 ± 1.2% higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and 8 ± 2.9% less error in the fitting of the N‐acetylaspartate signal over a whole brain slice. The highest achievable acceleration factor with the proposed technique was determined to be 4. Finally, using the over‐discretized method, high‐resolution (97 μL nominal voxel size) metabolite maps can be acquired in 3.75 min at 9.4 T. This enables the acquisition of high‐resolution metabolite maps with more spatial coverage at ultra‐high fields.
Ratiometric NOE(−1.6) contrast in brain tumors
Authors: Zu Zhongliang 
Published: October 2018

Recently, a new nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE)‐mediated saturation transfer effect at around −1.6 ppm from water, termed NOE(−1.6), was reported to show hypointense signals in brain tumors. Similar to chemical exchange saturation transfer or magnetization transfer (MT) effects, which depend on the solute pool concentration, the exchange/coupling rate, the solute transverse relaxation rate, etc., the NOE(−1.6) effect should also depend on these factors. Since the exchange rate is relevant to tissue pH, and the coupling rate and the solute transverse relaxation rate are relevant to the motional property of the coupled molecules, further studies to quantify the contribution from only the exchange/coupling rate and the solute transverse relaxation rate are always interesting. The purpose of this paper is to apply a ratiometric approach to the NOE(−1.6) effect to obtain a metric that is more specific to the NOE coupling rate and the solute transverse relaxation rate than the NOE(−1.6) signal amplitude. Simulations indicate that the ratiometric approach allows us to rule out nearly all of the non‐specific factors including the solute pool concentration, solute and water longitudinal relaxation rates, direct water saturation, and semi‐solid MT effects, and provides a more specific NOE coupling rate‐ and solute transverse relaxation rate‐weighted signal. Animal studies show that the ratiometric NOE(−1.6) decreases dramatically in brain tumors, which suggests that the change in the NOE(−1.6) coupling rate and/or the solute transverse relaxation rate are major contributors to the previously observed hypointense NOE(−1.6) signal in tumors.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Austin Kerstin , Wilson Kelley , Saha Sumona 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNausea and vomiting of pregnancy affect the majority of pregnancies, while the most severe version, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), affects a much smaller subset of women. Despite the prevalence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the severe consequences of HG, the pathophysiology of these conditions is not fully understood. Currently, it is thought that a combination of hormonal factors accounts for their development. Multiple treatments have been described for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and HG with varying levels of success. In this paper we describe the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and HG, the recommended workup, their proposed etiologic factors, treatments, and their potential impact on mother and baby.
Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss is a risk factor for late‐onset hearing loss in pediatric cancer survivors following cisplatin treatment
Authors: Robertson Margaret S. , Hayashi Susan S. , Camet Miranda L. , Trinkaus Kathryn , Henry Jennifer , Hayashi Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundOtotoxicity is a significant complication of cisplatin treatment. Hearing loss can be symmetric or asymmetric, and may decline after therapy. This study examined the risks of asymmetric and late‐onset hearing loss (LOHL) in cisplatin‐treated pediatric patients with cancer.MethodsA retrospective review of 993 patients’ medical and audiological charts from August 1990 to March 2015 was conducted using stringent criteria to characterize patients with asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) or LOHL. Audiologic data were reviewed for 248 patients that received cisplatin to assess cisplatin‐induced sensorineural hearing loss and its associated risk factors.ResultsOf the patients evaluable for AHL, 26% exhibited this finding. Of those evaluable for LOHL, 42% of the patients’ hearing worsened more than 6 months after therapy completion. Radiation and type of cancer diagnosis were major risk factors for both AHL and LOHL. Furthermore, LOHL was linked to age of diagnosis, noncranial radiation, and longer audiologic follow‐up. AHL was strongly associated with LOHL—60% of patients with AHL also had LOHL. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with AHL (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 2.2‐17.8, P = 0.0005) or those receiving radiation (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.2‐8.6, P = 0.02) were at greatest risk for LOHL.ConclusionChildren receiving cisplatin therapy are at risk for developing AHL and LOHL. Those that have received radiation and/or with AHL are at increased risk for further hearing decline. Long‐term monitoring of these patients is important for early intervention as hearing diminishes.
Maintenance chemotherapy to reduce the risk of a metachronous Wilms tumor in children with bilateral nephroblastomatosis
Authors: Ortiz Michael V. , Fernandez‐Ledon Shannon , Ramaswamy Kavitha , Forlenza Christopher J. , Shukla Neerav N. , Kobos Rachel , Heaton Todd E. , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Steinherz Peter G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom 2009 to 2018, 10 consecutive patients with Wilms tumors and bilateral nephroblastomatosis, who had completed standard therapy, were provided a maintenance chemotherapy regimen consisting of vincristine and dactinomycin every 3 months for 12 months in order to prevent an early metachronous Wilms tumor. One patient (10%) with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome developed a new tumor, without anaplasia. There were no significant toxicities reported during maintenance. All patients are currently alive with no evidence of disease. Further investigations are recommended to determine the utility of this approach.
Radical polymerization of radical‐labeled monomers: The triarylmethyl‐based radical monomer as an example
Authors: Edeleva Mariya V. , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Rogozhnikova Olga Yu. , Tormyshev Victor M. , Troitskaya Tatiana I. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRecent development of spin‐labeled nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) involving successful polymer preparation with high livingness and narrow dispersity in the presence of persistent trityl‐based stable radicals attached to the initiators (90% recovery of a trityl radical signal after the polymerization) led us to the preparation of stable organic radical polymers based on trityl radical‐substituted monomers using NMP as the method of polymerization despite the claims in the literature about its expected failure. Here, we present successful radical polymerization and NMP of a trityl radical‐based tri‐ and mono‐monomer yielding more than 90% recovery of the trityl radical signal. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2656–2664
Urinary Glycopeptide Analysis for the Investigation of Novel Biomarkers
Authors: Belczacka Iwona , Pejchinovski Martin , Krochmal Magdalena , Magalhães Pedro , Frantzi Maria , Mullen William , Vlahou Antonia , Mischak Harald , Jankowski Vera 
Published: October 2018

PurposeUrine is a rich source of potential biomarkers, including glycoproteins. Glycoproteomic analysis remains difficult due to the high heterogeneity of glycans. Nevertheless, recent advances in glycoproteomics software solutions facilitate glycopeptide identification and characterization. The aim is to investigate intact glycopeptides in the urinary peptide profiles of normal subjects using a novel PTM‐centric software—Byonic.Experimental designThe urinary peptide profiles of 238 normal subjects, previously analyzed using CE–MS and CE–MS/MS and/or LC–MS/MS, are subjected to glycopeptide analysis. Additionally, glycopeptide distribution is assessed in a set of 969 patients with five different cancer types: bladder, prostate and pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.ResultsA total of 37 intact O‐glycopeptides and 23 intact N‐glycopeptides are identified in the urinary profiles of 238 normal subjects. Among the most commonly identified O‐glycoproteins are Apolipoprotein C‐III and insulin‐like growth factor II, while titin among the N‐glycoproteins. Further statistical analysis reveals that three O‐glycopeptides and five N‐glycopeptides differed significantly in their abundance among the different cancer types, comparing to normal subjects.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThrough the established glycoproteomics workflow, intact O‐ and N‐glycopeptides in human urine are identified and characterized, providing novel insights for further exploration of the glycoproteome with respect to specific diseases.
An improved variable sample size and sampling interval S control chart
Authors: Khoo Michael B.C. , See May Yen , Chong Nger Ling , Teoh Wei Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe standard deviation chart (S chart) is used to monitor process variability. This paper proposes an upper‐sided improved variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSIt) S chart by improving the existing upper‐sided variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI) S chart through the inclusion of an additional sampling interval. The optimal designs of the VSSIt S chart together with the competing charts under consideration, such as the VSSI S and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) S charts, by minimizing the out‐of‐control average time to signal (ATS1) and expected average time to signal (EATS1) criteria, are performed using the MATLAB programs. The performances of the standard S, VSSI S, EWMA S, and VSSIt S charts are compared, in terms of the ATS1 and EATS1 criteria, where the results show that the VSSIt S chart surpasses the other charts in detecting moderate and large shifts, while the EWMA S is the best performing chart in detecting small shifts. An illustrative example is given to explain the implementation of the VSSIt S chart.
Latent change‐point detection in ordinal categorical data
Authors: Wang Junjie , Ding Dong , Su Qin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStatistical process control (SPC) techniques have been widely used for online surveillance and offline diagnosis in many applications. Because of cost constraint or technical difficulty, it is quite common that the quality of products or service is measured by ordinal factors with ordered attribute levels such as excellent, acceptable, and unacceptable. This article studies phase I analysis of such ordinal categorical processes to identify change points. By assuming that attribute levels are determined by a latent continuous variable, this work suggests a modified log‐linear model to characterize ordinal information among the attribute levels. Then a change‐point detection method is proposed on the basis of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). Simulation results prove the method's strong detection power, high diagnostic accuracy, and robustness under various distributions of the latent variable.
Fractional clique decompositions of dense graphs
Authors: Montgomery Richard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor each , we show that any graph G with minimum degree at least has a fractional Kr‐decomposition. This improves the best previous bounds on the minimum degree required to guarantee a fractional Kr‐decomposition given by Dukes (for small r) and Barber, Kühn, Lo, Montgomery, and Osthus (for large r), giving the first bound that is tight up to the constant multiple of r (seen, for example, by considering Turán graphs). In combination with work by Glock, Kühn, Lo, Montgomery, and Osthus, this shows that, for any graph F with chromatic number , and any , any sufficiently large graph G with minimum degree at least has, subject to some further simple necessary divisibility conditions, an (exact) F‐decomposition.
Single Molecule DNA Resensing Using a Two‐Pore Device
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Liu Xu , Zhao Yanan , Yu Jen‐Kan , Reisner Walter , Dunbar William B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA nanofluidic device is presented that, enables independent sensing and resensing of a single DNA molecule translocating through two nanopores with sub‐micrometer spacing. The device concept is based upon integrating a thin nitride membrane with microchannels etched in borosilicate glass. Pores, coupled to each microchannel, are connected via a fluid‐filled half‐space on the device backside, enabling translocation of molecules across each pore in sequence. Critically, this approach allows for independent application of control voltage and measurement of trans‐pore ionic current at each of the two pores, leading to 1) controlled assessment of molecular time of flight, 2) voltage‐tuned selective molecule recapture, and 3) ability to acquire two correlated translocation signatures for each molecule analyzed. Finally, the rare cocapture of a single chain threading simultaneously through each of the two pores is reported.