bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Kocaaslan Atli Sibel , Olgaç Dündar Nihal , Bayazit Onur , Evirgen Esin Nur , Erdoğan Uğraş , Çatli Gönül , Kahya Mehmet Cemal , Dündar Bumin Nuri 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive functions of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and healthy children with the use of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) and neuropsychological tests.

Methods
Twenty children aged between 8 and 17 years, diagnosed with SH, and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. A classical auditory oddball paradigm was applied during the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated between the 0.5- and 20-Hz frequency intervals. P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 amplitudes and latencies were measured in Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz and Oz electrodes. Additionally, a number of neuropsychological tests evaluating the reaction time and various cognitive functions were carried out.

Results
In children with SH, P3 amplitudes in FCz, Cz and CPz electrodes were significantly lower than those in controls (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the P1N1 and N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude values were also found to be smaller for children with SH than controls (p < 0.05). With regard to the neuropsychological tests, no significant difference was observed between the SH and control groups on any of the cognitive test parameters, reaction time or correct response rates.

Conclusions
In the present study, while children with SH did not differ from controls with respect to their cognitive functions evaluated via neuropsychological tests, cognitive differences were detected via electrophysiological investigations. This result implies that implicit changes in cognition which are not yet overtly reflected on neuropsychological tests may be detected at an early stage in children with SH.
Replacement of breastfeeding with medical food for the treatment of galactosemia and phenylketonuria: maternal stress
Authors: Schulpis Kleopatra , Iakovou Kostas Konstantinos 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Breastfeeding replacement is the only treatment for galactosemia (GAL) and phenylketonuria (PKU) during infancy. We aimed to evaluate the stress degree in mothers who were obliged to replace breastfeeding with special formulas as the only treatment for the diseased newborns. Thirty-two mothers with GAL newborns, 19 on breastfeeding only and 13 on breastfeeding plus formula, participated in this study. Additionally, 54 mothers with PKU infants, 32 offered breastfeeding only and 22 breastfeeding plus formula, participated in the study. Stress degree was evaluated in both groups: GAL and PKU. Mothers on breastfeeding only experienced the highest degree of stress than those who were on breastfeeding plus formula. After 1 month of psychological support, most mothers were ameliorated: mothers on breastfeeding only felt better as compared to those on breastfeeding plus formula. Conversely, in mothers on breastfeeding plus formulas, symptoms and signs of stress almost disappeared. In conclusion, GAL or PKU mothers with breastfeeding only experienced the highest degree of stress when asked for breastfeeding replacement. Psychological support made all the studied groups to feel better or free of symptoms and signs of stress.
Phreatto – Ein Gerichtsverfahren zwischen Land und Meer für Athener mit ‚Vorstrafe‘
Authors: Shahin Tino 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDemosthenes, Aristoteles und Pausanias berichten von demDikasterionin Phreatto, zu dem ein außer Landes gegangener Athener auf einem Boot heranfährt, dieses unmittelbar an der Küste festmacht und sich dann in einem Prozess verteidigt. Er betritt zu keinem Zeitpunkt athenischen Boden, sondern bleibt auf dem Boot und vernimmt dort das Urteil, ob er vorsätzlich getötet hat oder nicht. Diese Verhandlungsform zwischen Land und Meer kann – so aufwendig und eigentümlich sie auch anmutet – durchaus historisch sein, ist aber nur zu begreifen, wenn man von Drakons Gesetz über die Tötung ausgeht. Der Gesetzgeber hat 621/620 v. Chr. den Vollzug der Blutrache unter die Kontrolle der athenischen Gemeinschaft gestellt und damit einen wichtigen Schritt zur Eindämmung von Konflikten in der Polis geleistet. Das Verfahren in Phreatto ist im Kontext dieser Verordnung zu betrachten.
Circuli – Statuen – Funera. ‚Unverfasste‘ Partizipationsformen der spätrepublikanischen Plebs
Authors: Knopf Fabian 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Forschung zum politischen System des spätrepublikanischen Roms werden besonders Comitien, Contiones und Spiele als Gelegenheiten untersucht, bei denen das römische Volk seine politische Meinung äußern konnte. Die drei Gelegenheiten waren allerdings elitendominiert, was eine unabhängige politische Meinungsäußerung seitens der Nicht-Elite zwar nicht unmöglich machte, doch aber erschwerte. Im folgenden Aufsatz sollen dagegen mitcirculi, Statuensetzungen undfunera populariaPlattformen untersucht werden, die von der Elite nicht einfach kontrolliert werden konnten. Eine elitenunabhängige Meinung, so die These, konnte insbesondere in diesen Foren ausgebildet und gezeigt werden. Zum besseren Verständnis wird der Gegenstand anhand des politologischen Konzepts der ‚unverfassten‘ Partizipationsformen untersucht.
Credit-Money in the Roman Economy
Authors: Harris William V. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis article, in order to advance the debate about the nature of Roman money, sets out the strongest arguments in favour of the crucial importance of credit-money in the Roman economy (carefully distinguishing the use of credit-money from merely buying on credit). It invokes some texts that were not employed in previous discussions. The article also replies to the chief arguments of those scholars who have more or less maintained the traditional view that all, or almost all, Roman money consisted of coins. The most important question here concerns trust and information: to what extent did Romans know enough about those who owed them money to accept payment in documentary form? On this question, the author takes the ‘optimistic’ view.
Southern extension of the geographic range of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya)
Authors: Jardim Márcia M.A. , Queirolo Diego , Peters Felipe B. , Mazim Fábio D. , Favarini Marina O. , Tirelli Flávia P. , Trindade Rhaysa A. , Bonatto Sandro L. , Bicca-Marques Júlio César , Mourthe Italo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) is widely distributed in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. Despite this wide distribution, it is locally threatened in some parts of its southern range by forest loss and fragmentation, and yellow fever outbreaks. We present 14 new localities ofA. carayaoccurrence in the Pampa biome of southern Brazil, extending its range southwards by approximately 100 km.
Digitale Vorwärtspanik
Authors: Struck Jens 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Auf digitalen Netzwerkplattformen kommt es insbesondere bei Themen wie Asyl, Flucht und Migration oftmals zu Unmutsäußerungen, welche in Äußerungen gruppenbezogener Menschenfeindlichkeit umschlagen, beispielsweise in Form von beleidigender oder auch zu Gewalt aufhetzender oder bedrohender Rede. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Vorschlag gemacht, diese Äußerungen mithilfe von Randall Collins’ Konzept der Vorwärtspanik als sich situativ ereignende Akte von (sprachlicher) Gewalt zu verstehen. Hierfür wird nicht auf eine mögliche Persönlichkeitsstruktur, das Bildungsniveau oder auch auf den sozialen Status der Äußernden Bezug genommen, sondern es werden vielmehr typische, aggressive deutschsprachige Diskussionsverläufe zum Themenkomplex Asyl, Flucht und Migration auf Facebook herangezogen, um nachzuzeichnen, welche situativen Faktoren innerhalb der Online-Interaktion zu einer gewalthaltigen Äußerung gruppenbezogener Menschenfeindlichkeit führen.
Adaptation of the Idea of Phronesis in Contemporary Approach to Innovation
Authors: Kuzior Aleksandra , Zozuľak Ján 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the importance of the virtue of prudence and attempts to adapt it in the contemporary discourse on innovation and sustainable development. The authors come from ancient roots, recalling the positions of Socrates, Plato and, above all, Aristotle. They point to the renewed interest of contemporary researchers in the ethics of virtues and point to the important roles of prudence, prudence and responsibility in the approach to innovation. Innovations are captured as an instrumental value and a tool to shape better living conditions, work, study, rest, all forms of human activity and environmental protection. Therefore, their positive character has been exposed, although the authors also pay attention to the risk and possibility of negative effects if the virtues of nature, such as prudence, caution and responsibility are not well-formed. The authors point out that this is particularly important in the education of engineers who shape the innovative landscape of the present, and prove that this applies to mechatronics or robotics specialists, as well as production engineering specialists, because the ethical approach allows for the appropriate design of the entire team of activities from recognizing the need to satisfy it through an efficient, well-prepared, organized and properly managed production process, taking into account the basic principles of sustainable development.
Improvement in selectivity of ozone bleaching using DTPA as carbohydrate protector for wheat straw pulp
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep Kumar , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant , Ghatak Himadri Roy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEffect of using diethylenetriamine pentaaceticacid (DTPA) as carbohydrate protector in ozone stage on delignification efficiency, bleaching efficiency, selectivity, metal ions, strength, morphological properties and effluent properties of wheat straw pulp was studied. Using DTPA during ozone treatment viscosity of pulp was improved by 1.1 units, delignification efficiency improved by 13.8 % and pulp brightness improved by 2.5 units compared to that of control. Most importantly the selectivity of ozone treatment was improved by 124 %. Ozone treatment along with DTPA reduced the Fe, Cu and Mn content in the pulp by 52 %, 27 % and 70 %, respectively. Use of DTPA in ozone stage improved the bleached pulp viscosity by 9 %, post colour number by 27 % and reduced the pulp shrinkage by 5 % compared to control pulp. DTPA treated and control pulps have comparable physical strength and morphological properties.
Novel Lead-free biocompatible piezoelectric Hydroxyapatite (HA) – BCZT (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) nanocrystal composites for bone regeneration
Authors: Manohar Chelli Sai , Kumar B Siva , Sadhu Sai Pavan Prashanth , Srimadh Sai Krishna , Muthukumar V Sai , Venketesh S. , Varma K. B. R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
BCZT (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) is a recent class of lead-free ferroelectric material associated with high piezoelectric coefficient, making it suitable to inspire hydroxyapatite (HA)-BCZT ceramics for bone materials. Nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized using the hydrothermal route was characterized via FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We also rationalized its formation as a function of operating conditions such as dwell time and temperature in this route. The nano-crystalline BCZT powder was synthesized via a sol-gel technique and its structural and morphological characterization were carried out using Raman Spectroscopy, XRD and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These investigations facilitated the optimization of HA-BCZT compositions and their electrical poling conditions to achieve enhanced piezoelectric effect. The composites (HA-BCZT) sintered at 1350∘C exhibited promising piezoelectric properties. We report the enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 7±1 pC/N for 50% HA-BCZT which is significant as compared to that reported in the literature for ~98% BT (barium titanate) -HA composites. We highlight the role of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) on the intriguing phase-change of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) obtained at this sintering temperature, to hydroxyapatite for its essential contribution to promote bone growth. We theoretically support the confirmed in vitro biocompatibility of these composites.

Graphical abstract: Novel lead-free biocompatible piezoelectric HA-BCZT nanocrystal composites for accelerated Bone regeneration
Evaluation of claws as an alternative route of mercury elimination from the herring gull (Larus argentatus)
Authors: Grajewska Agnieszka , Falkowska Lucyna , Reindl Andrzej 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mercury enters the body of seabirds in its most toxic organic form, i.e. methylmercury, mainly via the alimentary tract. Inside the body, mercury is transformed into less toxic forms and accumulates in the internal organs. The process of mercury removal from the body, most effective during the formation of new feathers and claws, is beneficial for the bird. The presented research was undertaken on account of the high affinity of mercury to keratin – a protein that forms feathers and claws – to compare the concentration levels (HgTOT) in these structures and to assess their contribution to the purification of the body of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Bird feathers are the only epidermal structure that is extensively described in the literature, whereas the claws have so far been poorly researched.
The study has shown that mercury in claws is built in as effectively as in feathers, and the obtained concentrations were within a wide range of 127.2–5341.5 ng HgTOT g–1 of dry weight. In addition, the concentrations of total mercury accumulated in the claws were a better reflection of Hg levels in internal organs compared to feathers.
Dual Anthropology as the Imago Dei in Edith Stein
Authors: Ales Bello Angela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay consists of two parts. The first part deals with the birth of a dual anthropology in Edith Stein’s thought, whereas the second part treats the teleological origin of this duality. In order to explain how she elaborated her dual anthropology two themes become intertwined in my investigation: the question of the feminine in western culture and the teleological question of the human being as an image of God. In my discussion of the first theme, I examine both the historical development of the feminist movement, maintaining that the birth of the feminist movement in the West has its roots in Christianity, as well as the theoretical reflection of Edith Stein on a dual anthropology, which becomes ultimately linked to a theological framework and, hence, to the idea of “image.” Here, we have to ask: What is the meaning of “image”? In what sense is the human being an image of God? Following the foregoing claim, I argue that Stein’s dual anthropology is very helpful in our time to clarify some questions that arise in connection with “gender theory”.
High performance liquid chromatographic profiling of antioxidant and antidiabetic flavonoids purified from Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf ethanolic extract
Authors: Vergallo Cristian , Panzarini Elisa , Dini Luciana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Azadirachta indica (neem) is a tropical and semi-tropical tree native to the whole Indian subcontinent. Neem leaves are rich in flavonoids, which exhibit important pharmacological activities targeting almost all human organs. In order to produce a purified extract of neem leaves enriched of antioxidant and antidiabetic flavonoids, the ethanolic extract of neem leaves has been further undergone to liquid-liquid extractions by using three different organic solvents, i.e. dichloromethane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the extracts obtained by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Astragalin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin and rutin were the only flavonoids found among those screened. By comparing all HPLC chromatograms of purified extracts as obtained with different solvents, it was found that the qualitative-quantitative composition of flavonoids depends upon the extraction solvent used; in particular, dichloromethane allows extraction of 89.5 % quercitrin, 5.3 % isoquercitrin, 5.2 % rutin; n-butanol allows extraction of 6.0 % isoquercitrin, 6.2 % nicotiflorin, 87.8 % rutin; ethyl acetate allows extraction of 4.2 % astragalin, 12.0 % quercitrin, 50.3 % isoquercitrin, 6.7 % nicotiflorin, 26.9 % rutin. Thus, depending on the specific purposes and needs, each of these three extraction solvents has the potential to prepare formulations enriched with the most suitable flavonoids composition.
Two variants of Monte Carlo projection method for numerical solution of nonlinear Boltzmann equation
Authors: Rogasinsky Sergey V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper is focused on justification of a statistical modelling algorithm for solution of the nonlinear kinetic Boltzmann equation on the base of a projection method. Hermite functions are used as an orthonormal basis. The error of approximation of a function by a partial sum of Hermite functions series is estimated in theL2norm. The estimates are compared for two variants of the projection method in the case of solutions to the homogeneous gas relaxation problem with a known solution.
Subgrid modelling of convective diffusion in a multiscale random medium
Authors: Soboleva Olga N. , Kurochkina Ekaterina P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Effective coefficients for convective diffusion equations are obtained. Correlated random fields of conductivity and porosity are approximated by multiplicative cascades with log-normal distributions of probabilities. The theoretical result is checked numerically for the case of 3D plane flow of an incompressible fluid.
Abstentionism, Voting Advice Applications and Voting Activation
Authors: Ramos Javier , Padilla Javier , Chueca Enrique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVoting Advice Applications (VAAs) have proliferated in the last decade as part of electoral campaigns in Europe. Several studies have linked the usage of the applications to an increase in voting intention, yet the literature on the factors that make people more likely to be influenced by VAAs is not really developed. This paper tries to contribute to this literature by addressing two key questions: first, how non-institutional forms of political participation influence abstentionism among VAA users and second, how VAA encourages voting intention among these politically engaged abstentionists (activation effect). We first examine (a) whether being engaged in non-institutional forms of participation increases the likelihood of a VAA user declaring him/herself to be a voter and (b) whether being engaged in non-institutional forms of political participation has an effect on the probability of becoming a “voter” after filling in the VAA questionnaire. Our results suggest that the VAA “activation effect” nexus exists and it affects a significant percentage of abstentionist. Those users that have participated in non-institutional forms of participation – such as demonstrations or online petitions – are more likely to declare being voters before filling in the VAA. Among the abstentionists, once they answered the set of 30 key questions, a considerable percent (between 14 and 22 percent depending on the threshold used) declared to have the intention to vote (activation effect). The prevailing profile of the activated user is a young man with tertiary education. The motivational reason for voting a party also matter in increasing the probability that an “activation effect” happens. The competency of the party, its ideology, the candidate presented by the party and the users’ self-interest are also good predictors of the “activation effect.”
Association between serum vitamin D level and liver MRI T2 star in patients with β-thalassemia major
Authors: Kurtoğlu Erdal , Uğur Kurtoğlu Ayşegül , Koçtekin Belkıs , Uğur Sevcan , Bozkurt Selen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Iron overloaded Beta Thalassemia major (β-TM) patients have a high risk of liver problems. In recent years studies revealed that vitamin D level is decreased in chronic liver diseases. The present study was designed to find the association between the serum vitamin D levels and the liver iron deposition in patients with β-TM.

Materials and methods
A total of 101 patients with a diagnosis of β-TM were included into this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to liver T2* MRI scores (group 1: normal, group 2: mild iron load, group 3: moderate iron load and group 4: severe iron load). Serum vitamin D was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay method.

Results
The vitamin D level was median 14 (4–91) ng/mL. There was a positive correlation between vitamin D levels and liver T2* MRI scores (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 for vitamin D level (p < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was observed 71% in group 1, 67% in group 2, 80% in group 3 and 100% in group 4.

Conclusions
Vitamin D monitorization and supplementation should be routine in β-TM patients to prevent both skeletal and non-skeletal complications.
Discordant troponin I value in a young woman: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Barlak Keti Didem , Muhtaroğlu Sabahattin , Öz Leyla , Ekici Günay Nahide 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
We reported a young woman who had false high troponin value due to antibody interference. Our aim is to look at the approaches to be taken into consideration in determining troponin (Tn) assay interference.

Patients and methods
A 36-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with chest pain. At presentation, TnI value was found 2.26 ng/mL (99th percentile <0.01 ng/mL). Troponin measurements were repeated with alternative platforms. Serum sample of the patient was treated with heterophile antibody blocking tube (HBT). In addition, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and serial dilutions were applied to serum.

Results
All of the Tn results in alternative platforms were found under cut off value and serial dilutions of patient serum did not show linearity. After PEG precipitation, TnI value was decreased from 2.34 ng/mL to 0.01 ng/mL (recovery: 0.85%), suggesting antibody interference. Incubation of the patient sample with HBT showed 93.1% of recovery.

Conclusion
To investigate the presence of interference, use of multiple methods that can be applied in the clinical laboratories is more reliable than a single method.