bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A VR-Human Interface for Assisting Human Input in Path Planning for Telerobots
Authors: Bhatia Praveen , Uchiyama Masaru 
Published: July 2002

In telerobotic systems, human beings are required to provide input to the telerobot. It is very difficult to provide accurate and smooth input paths quickly through the master arm and avoid collisions. These problems are further compounded by time-delay when the distances involved are large (for example, in the case of space exploration). If an intermediate VR system can modify the human input to provide smooth, collision-free paths, the intuitive capabilities of human beings to identify a feasible path can be quickly combined with the machine's ability to modify the colliding segments to noncolliding ones. We call this synthesis shared intelligence. This paper develops the strategies and mathematics to implement this concept of shared intelligence in path planning, using a VR interface in which human and machine abilities are combined appropriately. Shared intelligence unburdens the human operator from precisely and accurately inputting the planned path. With the help of the free space developed for a simple telerobot, it is shown how the human input is converted into parameterized paths in the configuration space, checked for collisions, and automatically modified into collision-free paths using repulsive fields introduced in the configuration space. Simulations and experimental results are also shown to illustrate these concepts.
THE REBIRTH OF MYTH?: NIETZSCHE'S ETERNAL RECURRENCE AND ITS ROMANTIC ANTECEDENTS
Authors: Yelle Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere is increasing evidence of the influence of various Romantic thinkers on Nietzsche's early philosophy, especially on The Birth of Tragedy, with its announcement or prediction of a rebirth of myth. The prophetic Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which Nietzsche introduced with the words "tragedy begins," expresses his later philosophy, particularly his central doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence, in symbols, parables, and riddles, suggesting an attempt at mythopoeia. However, the critical, ironic, and parodying elements in Nietzsche's later philosophy have led to its characterization as "antimyth." This essay demonstrates that Nietzsche's idea and symbolism of the Eternal Recurrence as a temporal cycle of opposites represented by various forms of the circle, especially the ouroborus or serpent biting its own tail, and associated with Zoroaster, Heraclitus, and Dionysus, was influenced by the tradition of Romantic mythology. Before the publication of The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche encountered the writings of Johann Jakob Bachofen and Friedrich Creuzer, where the cycle of opposites is identified as a specifically mythic idea, which developed later into a philosophy, as metonymically represented in the relationship between the myth-maker Zoroaster and the philosopher Heraclitus. In The Birth of Tragedy, the cycle of opposites became for Nietzsche a symbol of the unity of myth and philosophy, and the rebirth of the former from the self-overcoming of the latter. This symbol continued to serve Nietzsche throughout his career as a model for his own development as a philosopher. The Eternal Recurrence appears to have been his own attempt to unite myth and philosophy, through the transformation of an originally Romantic mythological idea into its opposite, and the adoption of a symbolic and "mythic" style of expression.
Wholly Hypothetical Syllogisms
Authors: Bobzien Susanne 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn antiquity we encounter a distinction of two types of hypothetical syllogisms. One type are the 'mixed hypothetical syllogisms'. The other type is the one to which the present paper is devoted. These arguments went by the name of 'wholly hypothetical syllogisms'. They were thought to make up a self-contained system of valid arguments. Their paradigm case consists of two conditionals as premisses, and a third as conclusion. Their presentation, either schematically or by example, varies in different authors. For instance, we find 'If (it is) A, (it is) B; if (it is) B, (it is) C; therefore, if (it is) A, (it is) C'. The main contentious point about these arguments is what the ancients thought their logical form was. Are A, B, C schematic letters for terms or propositions? Is 'is', where it occurs, predicative, existential, or veridical? That is, should 'Α στι' be translated as 'it is an A', 'A exists', 'As exist' or 'It is true/the case that A'? If A, B, C are term letters, and 'is' is predicative, are the conditionals quanti ed propositions or do they contain designators? If one cannot answer these questions, one can hardly claim to know what sort of arguments the wholly hypothetical syllogisms were. In fact, all the above-mentioned possibilities have been taken to describe them correctly. In this paper I argue that it would be mistaken to assume that in antiquity there was one prevalent understanding of the logical form of these arguments even if the ancients thought they were all talking about the same kind of argument. Rather, there was a complex development in their understanding, starting from a term-logical conception and leading to a propositional-logical one. I trace this development from Aristotle to Philoponus and set out the deductive system on which the logic of the wholly hypothetical syllogisms was grounded.
Aristote et la question du droit naturel
Authors: Destrée Pierre 
Published: July 2002

Abstractprésente étude propose une interprétation de EN , V, 10, en défendant deux premièrement que la notion centrale de la variabilité du droit naturel e la diversité des interprétations que l'on peut donner d'un sentiment communément partagé du juste ou de l'injuste (cf. Rhét., I, 13); deuxièmement que, échapper au relativisme de type protagoréen, Aristote défend l'idée d'un parfait qui seul peut fournir la meilleure interprétation de ce sentiment.
Interspecific differences in the fine structure of the body cuticle of Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935 (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) and review of anchoring structures of the epidermis
Authors: Decraemer Wilfrida , Brown Derek , Karanastasi Eirini , Zheng Jingwu , Martins De Almeida Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExamination of the fine structure of the body cuticle of Trichodorus cylindricus , T. nanjingensis, T. pakistanensis , T. primitivus, Paratrichodorus anemones , P.hispanus , P.minor , P.pachydermus , P.porosus and P.teres revealed three distinct types, each characterised by differences in layers 4 to 6. A new description is provided for layer 5 and the presence of intracuticular canals and hemidesmosomes as types of anchoring structures for the epidermis are discussed.
Effects of nutrient source on the physiological mechanisms of Heterodera glycines and soybean genotypes interactions
Authors: Melakeberhan Haddish 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of Heterodera glycines on H. glycines -resistant 'Bryan', susceptible-tolerant 'G88-20092', and susceptible-intolerant 'Tracy M' soybean cultivars grown in Hoagland solution (HS), HS without nitrogen (HS-N), or water treatments was studied for 25 to 26 days under greenhouse conditions (28 +/- 2 degrees C). Few of the 15 000 eggs per 800 cm3 soil infected 'Bryan' while 'G88-20092' and 'Tracy M' were severely infected, and photosynthesized and grew less in water and HS-N. Although less than the controls, photosynthetic rate in HS treatments was more than in water or HS-N. Nodulation was less in H. glycines than in the controls, and in HS than in water and HS-N treatments. However, more nitrogen was present in soil from HS than from HS-N or water treatments. Generally, cysts developed slower and had fewer eggs in HS followed by HS-N than in the water treatments. The results support the hypothesis that nematode infected plants do better under balanced nutrition than under nutrient deficient conditions. It is postulated that the slowed-down nematode development and/or diminished reproductive potential might be host-mediated. Effets de l'origine des elements nutritifs sur les mecanismes physiologiques des interactions entre Heterodera glycines et des genotypes de soja - L'effet d'Heterodera glycines sur les cultivars resistant "Bryan", susceptible-tolerant "G88-200092" et susceptible-non tolerant "Tracy M" cultives dans la solution d'Hoagland (HS), HS sans azote (HS-N) ou dans l'eau a ete etudie pendant 25 a 26 jours sous serre (28 +/- 2 degrees C). Quelques uns seulement des 15 000 oeufs par 800 cm3 de sol ont infeste le cultivar "Bryan" tandis que "G88-20092" et "Tracy M" ont ete severement infestes avec une photosynthese et une croissance plus faible pour les traitements eau et HS-N. Bien qu'inferieur a celui des temoins, le taux de photosynthese pour le traitement HS a ete plus eleve que pour les traitements eau et HS-N. De plus, la quantite d'azote presente dans le sol a ete plus elevee pour le traitement HS que pour les traitements HS-N ou eau. Generalement, les kystes se sont developpes plus lentement avec un nombre d'oeufs plus faible dans le traitement HS que pour les traitements HS-N et eau. Les resultats confirment l'hypothese selon laquelle les plantes infestees par le nematode se comportent mieux en conditions nutritives equilibrees qu'en conditions nutritives deficientes. Il est postule que le ralentissement du developpement du nematode et/ou la reduction de son potentiel reproducteur pourrait etre sous la dependance de l'hote.
Alkylammonium characterization of smectite alteration in the Tertiary basins of southeast Korea
Authors: Ko J. , Lee G. H. , Moon H.-S. , Song Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe layer charge characteristics of smectite from the Tertiary basins in the Pohang area, Korea have been studied in detail using the alkylammonium method. On the basis of layer charges, the smectite in the Pohang area can be classed as normal and high-charge (hc) smectite. The layer charge of the normal smectite averages 0.3, and ranges from 0.25 to 0.38/half unit-cell. The hcsmectite collapses on K saturation to become illite-like material and shows 10 Åseries reflections on X-ray diffraction. The layer charge of the hc-smectite ranges from 0.5 to 1. The layer charges do not appear to be related to stratification or to basins of occurrence. The diagenetic trend that may have existed in the region was probably disturbed by later volcanic activity. A systematic change in layer charge and geochemistry of smectite in Waeup illustrates that the heat and solutions associated with the volcanic activity may have played a role in the development of layer charge.
Fine-grained weathering products in waste disposal from two sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Dinelli E. , Morandi N. , Tateo F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFrom mineralogical and chemical characterization of two waste-rock piles from Vigonzano and Libiola sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, two types of fine-grained weathering products were recognized, One, from the Vigonzano mine, has a typical blue colour and consists of the Cu-Al sulphate of the woodwardite group. Its formation is related to an alkaline geochemical barrier, it is rather stable in acidic solution, and it controls Cu and Zn dispersion in the surrounding environment. The other group of sediments has a typical ochreous colour. Vigonzano samples consist mostly of goethite, whereas ferrihydrite is abundant in the Libiola sample. The ochreous sediments are enriched in Co, As, Mo, Se and Mn, thus significantly reducing the potential environmental hazard of the site, whereas solubility tests indicated possible problems due to AI dissolution at Libiola.
Accentuated response to phenylhydrazine and erythropoietin in mice genetically impaired for their GATA-1 expression (GATA-1low mice)
Authors: Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Bianchi Lucia , Cellai Cristina , Paoletti Francesco , Carrai Valentina , Calzolari Anna , Centurione Lucia , Lorenzini Rodolfo , Carta Claudio , Alfani Elena , Sanchez Massimo , Migliaccio Giovanni , Migliaccio Anna Rita 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The response of mice genetically unable to up-regulate GATA-1 expression (GATA-1low mice) to acute (phenylhydrazine [PHZ]–induced anemia) and chronic (in vivo treatment for 5 days with 10 U erythropoietin [EPO] per mouse) erythroid stimuli was investigated. Adult GATA-1low mice are profoundly thrombocytopenic (platelet counts [× 109/L] 82.0 ± 28.0 vs 840 ± 170.0 of their control littermates, P &lt; .001) but have a normal hematocrit (Hct) (approximately .47 proportion of 1.0 [47%]). The spleens of these mutants are 2.5-fold larger than normal and contain 5-fold more megakaryocytic (4A5+), erythroid (TER-119+), and bipotent (erythroid/megakaryocytic, TER-119+/4A5+) precursor cells. Both the marrow and the spleen of these animals contain higher frequencies of burst-forming units–erythroid (BFU-E)– and colony-forming units–erythroid (CFU-E)–derived colonies (2-fold and 6-fold, respectively) than their normal littermates. The GATA-1low mice recover 2 days faster from the PHZ-induced anemia than their normal littermates (P &lt; .01). In response to EPO, the Hct of the GATA-1low mice raised to .68 proportion of 1.0 (68%) vs the .55 proportion of 1.0 (55%) reached by the controls (P &lt; .01). Both the GATA-1low and the normal mice respond to PHZ and EPO with similar (2- to 3-fold) increases in size and cellularity of the spleen (increases are limited mostly to cells, both progenitor and precursor, of the erythroid lineage). However, in spite of the similar relative cellular increases, the increases of all these cell populations are significantly higher, in absolute cell numbers, in the mutant than in the wild-type mice. In conclusion, the GATA-1low mutation increases the magnitude of the response to erythroid stimuli as a consequence of the expansion of the erythroid progenitor cells in their spleen.
Cell-surface trafficking and release of flt3 ligand from T lymphocytes is induced by common cytokine receptor γ-chain signaling and inhibited by cyclosporin A
Authors: Chklovskaia Elena , Nissen Catherine , Landmann Lukas , Rahner Christoph , Pfister Otmar , Wodnar-Filipowicz Aleksandra 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe flt3 ligand (FL) is a growth and differentiation factor for primitive hematopoietic precursors, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Human T lymphocytes express FL constitutively, but the cytokine is retained intracellularly within the Golgi complex. FL is mobilized from the cytoplasmic stores and its serum levels are massively increased during the period of bone marrow aplasia after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Signals that trigger the release of FL by T cells remain unknown. This study shows that interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15, acting through a common receptor γ chain (γc), but not cytokines interacting with other receptor families, are efficient inducers of cell surface expression of membrane-bound FL (mFL) and secretion of soluble FL (sFL) by human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The γc-mediated signaling up-regulated FL in a T-cell receptor-independent manner. IL-2 and IL-7 stimulated both FL messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and translocation of FL protein to the cell surface. Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited γc-mediated trafficking of FL at the level of transition from the Golgi to the trans-Golgi network. Accordingly, serum levels of sFL and expression of mFL by T cells of CsA-treated recipients of stem cell allografts were reduced approximately 2-fold (P &lt; .01) compared to patients receiving autologous grafts. The conclusion is that FL expression is controlled by γc receptor signaling and that CsA interferes with FL release by T cells. The link between γc-dependent T-cell activation and FL expression might be important for T-cell effector functions in graft acceptance and antitumor immunity after SCT.
The influence of INK4 proteins on growth and self-renewal kinetics of hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Lewis John L. , Chinswangwatanakul Wimol , Zheng Bo , Marley Stephen B. , Nguyen Dao X. , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Banerji Lolita , Glassford Janet , Thomas N. Shaun B. , Goldman John M. , Lam Eric W.-F. , Gordon Myrtle Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of expression of proteins of the INK4 family, particularly p16, on the growth and self-renewal kinetics of hematopoietic cells. First, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer (RMGT) was used to restore p16INK4aexpression in the p16INK4a-deficient lymphoid and myeloid cell lines BV173 and K562, and it was confirmed that this inhibited their growth. Second, to sequester p16INK4a and related INK4 proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was retrovirally transduced into normal human CD34+ bone marrow cells and then cultured in myeloid colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. The growth of CDK4-transduced colonies was more rapid; the cell-doubling time was reduced; and, upon replating, the colonies produced greater yields of secondary colonies than mock-untransduced controls. Third, colony formation was compared by marrow cells fromp16INK4a−/− mice and wild-type mice. The results from p16INK4a−/−marrow were similar to those from CDK4-transduced human CFCs, in terms of growth rate and replating ability, and were partially reversed by RMGT ofp16INK4a. Lines of immature granulocytic cells were raised from 15 individual colonies grown from the marrow ofp16INK4a−/−mice. These had a high colony-forming ability (15%) and replating efficiency (96.7%). The p16INK4a−/−cell lines readily became growth factor–independent upon cytokine deprivation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that loss of INK4 proteins, in particular p16INK4a, increases the growth rate of myeloid colonies in vitro and, more importantly, confers an increased ability for clonal expansion on hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Increased frequencies of glutathione S-transferase(GSTM1 and GSTT1) gene deletions in Korean patients with acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Lee Kyung A. , Kim Sun Hee , Woo Hee Yeon , Hong Young Joon , Cho Hyoun Chan 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Patients with reduced ability to metabolize environmental carcinogens or toxins may be at risk of developing aplastic anemia. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) has been implicated in detoxifying mutagenic electrophilic compounds. This study asked whether the homozygous gene deletions of GSTM1 andGSTT1 affect the likelihood of developing aplastic anemia. The incidence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions was significantly higher for aplastic anemia patients (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1, P = .01 and OR: 3.1,P = .004, respectively) than for healthy controls. Among the aplastic anemia patients, 17.5% (10:57) had chromosomal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis, and all aplastic anemia patients with chromosomal abnormalities showedGSTT1 gene deletions (P = .048). Individuals with GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions may have greater susceptibility to aplastic anemia. It is possible that genetic instability or chromosomal damage due to abnormal detoxification of environmental toxins might have worked as an important pathophysiologic mechanism of aplastic anemia for patients with GSTT1 gene deletions.
Homologous recombination deficiency score is an independent prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yulu , Ding Bowen , Tao Yunlan , Huang Lingli , Zhu Qian , Gao Chengying , Feng Mingli , Han Yuchen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHomologous recombination deficiency (HRD) represents an impairment in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, crucial for repairing DNA double‐strand breaks and contributing to genomic instability in cancer. The HRD score may be a more reliable biomarker than HRR‐related gene mutations for identifying patients sensitive to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Despite its relevance in various cancers, the HRD score remains underexplored in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We retrospectively analyzed HRD scores in 96 ESCC patients, examining correlations with clinical characteristics and survival outcomes, and validated our findings using the TCGA dataset. Genomic sequencing utilized a custom superHRD next‐generation sequencing panel, and HRD scores were calculated from 54,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms using Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum tests and two cut‐off points for analysis. Higher HRD scores correlated with advanced tumor stages, recurrence, and mutations in TP53 and ABCB1, while APC mutations were linked to lower HRD scores. Patients with high HRD scores had significantly shorter disease‐free survival (p = 0.013) and a trend toward shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.005), particularly those not receiving adjuvant therapy. Conversely, HRD‐high patients undergoing adjuvant therapy showed a trend toward longer OS (p = 0.015). Multivariate analysis identified HRD as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.814 for recurrence, p = 0.015). Validation with the TCGA dataset supported these findings. This study highlights the associations between HRD scores, clinical characteristics, and genomic mutations in ESCC, suggesting HRD as a potential prognostic biomarker. HRD assessment may aid in patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies, warranting further investigation to validate the therapeutic implications of HRD scores in ESCC.
Underwater Structurally‐Colored Adhesives for Visualized Adhesion Monitoring in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yu Ying , Lyu Quanqian , Zhang Xiujuan , Li Miaomiao , Zhao Meiru , Hu Zhen , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAssessment of the local strain/stress changes of adhesives is highly desirable for their service to avoid premature failure. However, monitoring local strain/stress variations in adhesives in practical settings remains challenging, especially in aqueous media. Here, an underwater structurally‐colored adhesive for visualized local strain/stress monitoring in aqueous media is reported. The structurally‐colored adhesive is obtained by shearing composites of poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) copolymer and carboxylated polystyrene colloidal particles. The resultant structurally‐colored adhesive exhibits underwater adhesive strength (i.e., 238 kPa for stainless steel substrates) to various substrates (e.g., metals and plastics) thanks to hydrophobic segments and carboxyl groups. Notably, they can shift color in response to external force, enabling real‐time visual monitoring of localized strain/stress changes. As a proof of concept, the structurally‐colored adhesive can be used to seal a leaking hole on a bottle or tube, and it can precisely visualize the localized pressure distribution, providing critical information on the adhesion performance and the local pressure. These distinctive properties make the structurally‐colored adhesive suitable for application in wet environments as a real‐time visual pressure tracking device.