bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy Using PA1094T Combined with Anti‐CD47 Antibody: Activating Pyroptosis against Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Shiying , Zeng Fanchu , Zhou Qi , Li Lanqing , Lo Hsuan , Chen Jiali , Fan Zhijin , Huang Guojia , Nie Liming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTreating glioblastoma (GBM) with single‐agent chemotherapy is often ineffective due to inefficient drug delivery and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which leads to drug resistance. Strategies that activate programmed cell death mechanisms and repolarized tumor‐associated macrophages toward an antitumoral M1‐like phenotype can help reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel approach using NIR‐II (1000–1700 nm) photoacoustic imaging (PAI)‐guided chemo‐photothermal therapy is presented. NIR‐II imaging, with its superior tissue penetration and reduced background noise, enables precise tumor targeting. A targeted nano prodrug is developed using poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with A1094 dye and temozolomide (TMZ), coupled with an anti‐CD47 antibody. This system employs synergistic chemo‐photothermal therapy activated by NIR‐II light, inducing apoptosis, pyroptosis, and T‐cell activation. PAI provides rapid, point‐of‐care GBM diagnosis, and highlighted the effective targeting of the PA1094T nanoplatform. In a recurrent GBM model, the combination of PA1094T and anti‐CD47 antibody significantly enhances cancer cell phagocytosis and effectively remodels the immunosuppressive microenvironment, resulting in better therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional therapies. These results indicate that this NIR‐II PAI‐guided drug cocktail therapy is a promising strategy for treating GBM, potentially addressing drug resistance and improving treatment efficacy through enhanced targeting and immunomodulation.
Sn‐Pb Perovskite with Strong Light and Oxygen Stability for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Ming , Bai Yang , Meng Yuanyuan , Tian Ruijia , Sun Kexuan , Lu Xiaoyi , Pan Haibin , Wang Jingnan , Zhou Shujing , Zhang Jing , Song Zhenhua , Wang Yaohua , Liu Chang , Ge Ziyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch on mixed Sn‐Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is gaining significant attention due to their potential for high efficiency in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. However, Sn2+ in Sn‐Pb perovskite is susceptible to oxidation, leading to a high defect density. The oxidation primarily occurs through two pathways: one involving a reaction with oxygen, and the other related to iodine defects, which generate I2 and further accelerate the oxidation of Sn2⁺, greatly reducing stability. First, to tackle the photo‐stability issues caused by iodine defects, amber acid (AA) is screened as the additive. The Carboxyl group on AA can strongly coordinate with Sn2+, reinforcing the Sn─I bond and electrostatically interacting with negatively charged defects. This interaction inhibits the photoinduced formation of I2 and the subsequent oxidation of Sn2+, thereby enhancing the stability of Sn─Pb PSCs under continuous illumination. Building on the foundation of AA, a reductive sulfhydryl group is introduced to synthesize thiomalic acid (TA). It inhibits the formation of Sn4+ in both the perovskite precursor and the perovskite film, thereby improving air stability while maintaining strong photostability. Consequently, single PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 22.7%. The best‐performing two‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 28.6% with improved operational stability.
Triboelectrification During Water Intrusion–Extrusion into‐from Hydrophobic Nanopores
Authors: Bartolomé Luis , Littlefair Josh David , Amayuelas Eder , Johnson Liam J. W. , Le Donne Andrea , Šutka Andris , Meloni Simone , Grosu Yaroslav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTriboelectrification is of great importance for many classical (petroleum, pharmaceutical, polymers) and emerging (generators, sensors) technologies. For energy generation, the contact area between the materials experiencing tribocharging is a key parameter: in addition to the nature of the materials, tribocharging scales with contact area. In this work, an approach is proposed to maximize tribocharging contact area by exploring the cycle of water intrusion–extrusion into–from hydrophobic nanopores with surface area orders of magnitude higher compared to flat or even nanotextured surfaces. Here this study reports the first experimental evidence of electrical energy generation upon water intrusion‐extrusion cycle under bias voltage‐free conditions. Combining these experiments with hierarchical molecular dynamic simulations/ab initio calculations, a microscopic mechanism of triboelectrification is hypothesized for water and grafted silica. The proposed approach provides a methodological alternative to studying solid–liquid contact electrification and an alternative root for a noticeable increase of specific contact area for solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerators.
Pd‐Catalyzed Denitrative C2‐Arylation of Oxazoles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzimidazoles with Nitroarenes
Authors: Feng Lin , Li Haiyan , Huang Lei , Yao Jiaxin , Duan Wengui , Yu Lin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA step‐economic method for C2‐arylated azoles via Pd‐catalyzed denitrative arylation of nitroarenes and azoles is reported. This protocol employs synthetically upstream nitroarenes as arylating reagents and proceeds through the selective cleavage of the C−NO2 and C−H bonds. Various nitroarenes and nitroheteroarenes were coupled with oxazoles, benzoxazoles, and methylbenzimidazoles, achieving yields of up to 95%. The method's utility is exemplified by its application in the synthesis of Flunoxaprofen. This strategy reduces synthetic steps and minimizes pollution, offering substantial cost‐effectiveness and environmental benefits. Furthermore, the relatively inert C−NO2 bond in nitroarenes enables late‐stage functionalization or stepwise coupling reactions, providing a complementary method for C2‐arylation of azoles.
A Sensitive, Specific and Fast Electrochemical‐based Nanobiosensor Diagnostic for Xanthomonas albilineans, the Cause of Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease
Authors: Chakraborty Moutoshi , Bhuiyan Shamsul Arafin , Strachan Simon , Shiddiky Muhammad J.A. , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Soda Narshone , Ford Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLeaf scald (LS) caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Xalb), is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane. The unreliable symptom expressions make traditional visual detection challenging. The molecular methods of detection require expensive equipment, labor‐intensive, and time‐consuming. This study proposes a novel electrochemical (EC)‐approach, that is relatively easy to use and less expensive to detect Xalb DNA in LS‐infected sugarcane leaves, meristematic tissue, and xylem sap samples. This method involves three key steps: i) DNA isolation from sugarcane samples via boiling lysis; ii) magnetic purification of target sequences from the lysate using magnetic bead‐bound capture probes; and iii) EC detection of the target DNA. The method shows excellent detection sensitivity (10 cells µL−1), reproducibility (Standard deviation, SD <5%, for n = 3), and a wide linear dynamic range (1 nM–1 fM or 106–10° copies µL−1, r = 0.99). The EC assay has a strong negative correlation with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results (r = −0.95–0.97, n = 24, p < 0.001), and weak or no correlation with the varietal resistance ratings. This EC‐based assay can be a commercially viable alternative, providing a DNA isolation/purification‐free solution, and can potentially be adapted into a handheld device for on‐farm detection and quantification of the LS‐causing pathogen.
Empirical Modification of Force Fields for the Development of Peptide‐Based Gas Sensors
Authors: Ngo Thuc Anh , Yildirim Tanju , Feng Meng‐Qun , Minami Kosuke , Shiba Kota , Yoshikawa Genki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMolecular dynamics models combined with computational approaches can be used as advanced screening techniques for finding highly efficient material‐molecule interactions based on binding affinity, including in the development of gas sensors. However, most models are originally designed for liquid phase interactions, which do not align with gas sensing conditions, resulting in lower‐than‐expected performance. This study introduces an empirical modification method to adjust peptide interaction models for a gas phase, aiming to better accommodate the interaction between pentapeptides and target gas molecules. By adapting the weights of terms in the Gibbs free energy equation given in an empirical force field model, we demonstrate a significant increase in the absolute value of coefficient of determination (R02) , from an average of 0.05 with conventional liquid phase models to 0.90 with proposed gas phase models. An empirical modification technique for gas phase interactions markedly enhances the prediction accuracy of models, facilitating the effective development of peptide‐based gas sensors.
Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Durability via Strategic Cation Management in Chalcogenide‐Based Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Sadhu Anupam , Salim Teddy , Sun Qingde , Lie Stener , Julianto Edwin , Wong Lydia H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCopper‐chalcogenide‐based inorganic holetransport layers (HTLs) are widely studied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their favorable valence band maximum and their ability to passivate interfacial defects through Pb‐S interactions. These compounds are shown to produce stable PSCs because of their high intrinsic stability. However, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis presented here reveal that the presence of Cu in the HTL can weaken the interfacial Pb‐S interactions and compromise the device stability. A clear inverse relationship is observed between the stability of perovskite film and the Cu‐concentration in the HTL underneath. Therefore, to minimize the detrimental effect of Cu, this work explores Cu‐deficient chalcopyrite compounds, CuIn3S5 and Cu(InxGa(1‐x))3S5, as HTLs for PSCs, which results in improved device stability. DFT calculations reveal that incorporating gallium into the HTL reduces the HTL‐perovskite interfacial energy, which results in further enhancement of device stability. The average T80 lifetimes (the time to retain 80% of the initial efficiency) under ambient conditions for the NiO, CuIn3S5, and Cu(In0.3Ga0.7)3S5 HTL‐based devices are 200, 449, and 656 h, respectively. These findings underscore the significant roles of cations and anions of the inorganic transport layer in enhancing the stability of the PSCs.
Hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two‐phase flow in a high‐throughput chaotic microreactor
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Ni , Tong Hao‐Tian , Shi Zu‐Chun , Xie Ting‐Liang , Liu Qiang , Wei Shi‐Xiao , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrobubbles have been widely applied in various fields. Here, an oscillating feedback microreactor (OFM) was designed to produce microbubbles at high throughput (5–80 mL/min), where the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two‐phase system were investigated. The hydrodynamics results showed that three secondary flows (oscillation, vortex, and feedback) could be effectively generated for inducing chaotic flow in the OFM, and the gas phase could be effectively broken up into small microbubbles. The bubble size was more sensitive to the liquid phase flow rate than the gas phase. Two dimensionless prediction formulas for bubble Sauter size were proposed based on gas–liquid flow ratio and Reynolds number at different liquid flow rates. The mass transfer experiments showed that the volumetric average mass transfer coefficient kLa was 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional reactors.
Direct conversion of syngas into methyl acetate by relay catalysis: From fabrication of active sites to process control
Authors: Liu Suhan , Wu Gongli , Chen Yuqing , Han Yaoyao , Zhang Mingchao , Kang Jincan , Tang Min , de Jong Krijn P. , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye , Cheng Kang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe direct and selective conversion of syngas into C2+ oxygenates is challenging due to the complex reaction network. Here, we report a robust relay system for the direct synthesis of methyl acetate (MA) from syngas, which combines CuZnAlOx/H‐ZSM‐5 for syngas to dimethyl ether (DME) with modified H‐MOR for DME carbonylation. The dehydration of methanol to DME on H‐ZSM‐5 significantly enhanced the hydrogenation of CO on CuZnAlOx, because of high DME equilibrium yields. Blocking of Brönsted acid sites with basic molecules or selective dealumination of 12‐membered rings in H‐MOR suppressed the zeolite coking. Besides, reaction temperatures above 240°C avoided H2O poisoning of carbonylation sites inside 8‐MR side pockets of H‐MOR, further benefiting the catalytic stability. Eventually, this relay system provided a high MA selectivity of 75% and an acetic acid selectivity of 13% at a CO conversion of 65%, outperforming reported catalysts.
Discharge reactor for fabricating efficient supported metal catalysts at room temperature in the absence of H2
Authors: Liu Peng , Meng Xin‐Yu , Wang Xujun , Zhao Yiyi , Men Yu‐Long , Pan Yun‐Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSupported metal catalysts have been widely applied and commonly fabricated through the H2 reduction process. Herein, we develop a H2‐free room‐temperature discharge‐driven reduction (RT‐DR) reactor for fabricating supported metal catalysts at room temperature without H2. By RT‐DR reactor, a catalyst with pseudo‐boehmite (PB) as support (CdS/Pt/PB) is fabricated. In visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2O splitting to H2, CdS/Pt/PB shows a H2 evolution rate of 1132 μmol h−1, which is greatly enhanced than that on catalyst prepared by traditional H2‐reduction (633 μmol h−1). RT‐DR reactor is also used to prepare a catalyst with low sodium PB (LSPB) as support (CdS/Pt/LSPB). In visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2O splitting to H2, CdS/Pt/LSPB shows a H2 evolution rate of 2554 μmol h−1, which is 2.5 times higher than that on catalyst prepared by traditional H2‐reduction (1029 μmol h−1). Thus, RT‐DR reactor has high efficiency and universality in preparing catalysts, thus offering a great potential for commercialization.
Restructuring of Femoral Cortical Bone During Growth and Locomotor Development of Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
Authors: Swan Karen R. , Tsegai Zewdi J. , Ives Rachel , Humphrey Louise T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveChimpanzees are altricial in terms of their locomotor development and transition from being carried to engaging in suspensory and arboreal locomotor behaviors to eventually relying on terrestrial quadrupedalism as their main form of locomotion. Here, we consider the mechanical implications of femoral cortical bone restructuring during growth and locomotor development in wild chimpanzees.Materials and MethodsCortical bone structure was examined in an ontogenetic sample of wild chimpanzees from a single subspecies (P. t. verus) spanning in age from 2 weeks to 12.6 years. Diaphyseal cross‐sections were extracted from micro‐CT scans of the femur at 35%, 50%, and 65% of total intermetaphyseal length and variation in cortical bone structure was assessed based on bending rigidity (Imax/Imin, Ix/Iy), relative medullary area, and cortical bone porosity.ResultsDiaphyseal shape is relatively circular with a high amount of cortical bone porosity and a large relative medullary area during early infancy. Distinct shifts in cortical bone structure occurred for each studied parameter with the biggest changes occurring within the first 5 years. Values appear to stabilize as quadrupedal walking increases in frequency and is established as the main form of locomotion.DiscussionCollectively, the results suggest a degree of integration in which cortical bone restructures in response to rapid changes in locomotion in addition to nonmechanical influences such as hormonal, and growth factors, without compromising function and structural integrity. The extent of influence of each factor varies throughout growth and highlights the need for caution in functional interpretations of cortical bone geometry.
The detection of GRN mutation carriers by progranulin blood protein levels from finger‐stick collection
Authors: Huber Hanna , Cantoni Valentina , Altomare Daniele , Grötschel Lana , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Meda Francisco , Kvartsberg Hlin , Libri Ilenia , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Borroni Barbara , Ashton Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONHeterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) leading to decreased progranulin levels are one of the most frequent causes of inherited frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We evaluated progranulin levels in dried blood spots from capillary finger‐stick collection (DBScapillary).METHODSPaired venous Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma and DBScapillary samples were collected from each participant with or without pathogenic GRN mutations.RESULTSDBScapillary progranulin levels in GRN mutation carriers (mean [SD] age, 55 [13] years; n = 16) were reduced compared to non‐mutation carriers (64 [11] years; n = 44) (2.38 ng/mL [1.0] vs 4.37 [0.68] ng/mL; U = 42; p < 0.0001, ROC AUC = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.83 to 1.00]) and highly associated with venous plasma levels (R = 0.819; p < 0.001).DISCUSSIONProgranulin levels can be accurately determined from finger‐stick blood samples. This can enable regular and remote monitoring of this protein in FTD therapeutic trials and potentially serve as a first‐level screening test for GRN mutations.Highlights
Progranulin levels measured using capillary dried blood spots were significantly reduced in GRN mutation carriers compared to non‐mutation carriers.
Progranulin levels measured using capillary dried blood spots strongly correlated with levels from venous EDTA plasma.
DBScapillary progranulin levels were able to identify GRN mutation carriers with high accuracy.
DBScapillary might allow repeated measurements of progranulin levels in a remote and unsupervised setting, circumventing the restrictions of traditional venous blood collection.
DBScapillary might be used to assess the biological efficacy of disease‐modifying therapies in clinical trials aiming to increase baseline progranulin levels or as a first‐level screening for GRN mutations in primary settings.
Impact of the Hawking Effect on the Fully Entangled Fraction of Three‐Qubit States in Schwarzschild Spacetime
Authors: Mi Guang‐Wei , Huang Xiaofen , Fei Shao‐Ming , Zhang Tinggui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWu et al. [J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 232 (2023)] first found that the fidelity of quantum teleportation with a bipartite entangled resource state, completely determined by the fully entangled fraction (FEF) characterized by the maximal fidelity between the given quantum state and the set of maximally entangled states, can monotonically increase in Schwarzschild spacetime. The Hawking effect on the FEF of quantum states in tripartite systems is investigated. In this study, it is showed that the Hawking effect of a black hole may both decrease and increase the FEF in Schwarzschild spacetime. For an initial X‐type state, it is found that the Hawking effect of the black hole has both positive and negative impacts on the FEF of Dirac fields, depending on the selection of initial states. For an initial W‐like state, the Hawking effect of the black hole has only a positive impact on the FEF of Dirac fields, independent of the selection of initial states. These results provide an insightful view of quantum teleportation in multipartite systems under the influence of Hawking effects, from the perspective of quantum information and general relativity.
Regioregular Poly(p‐phenylene iminoborane): A Strictly Alternating BN‐Isostere of Poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) with Stimuli‐Responsive Behavior
Authors: Chorbacher Johannes , Klopf Jonas , Friedrich Alexandra , Fest Maximilian , Schneider Johannes S. , Engels Bernd , Helten Holger 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncorporation of BN units into π‐conjugated organic compounds, as substitutes for specific CC couples, often leads to new hybrid materials with modified physical and chemical properties. Poly(p‐phenylene iminoborane)s are derived from well‐known poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) by replacement of the vinylene groups by B=N linking units. Herein, an unprecedented poly(p‐phenylene iminoborane) is presented that features a strictly alternating sequence of BN units along the main chain. The synthesis thereof was achieved by AB‐type polymerization of a monomer featuring an N and a B terminus. Monodisperse oligomers with up to three BN units in the chain were additionally prepared and structurally characterized. Associated with the introduction of a dipole in the regioregular backbone structure, they display notable fluorescence already in solution and large Stokes shifts, distinct from their previously reported BBNN‐sequenced congeners. All compounds show aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties. Computational studies provided evidence for emission from either locally excited (LE) or twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states. These processes can be optionally addressed by various stimuli, giving rise to dual emission, solvatochromic, thermochromic, and reversible mechanochromic behavior.
An Advanced 3D Crosslinked Conductive Binder for Silicon Anodes: Leveraging Glycerol Chemistry for Superior Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Yang Chen , Zhu Jiadeng , Xue Baolong , Zhang Junhua , Jiang Mengjin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) anodes hold great promise for high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), yet their practical application is hindered by severe volume expansion and mechanical degradation. To tackle these challenges, we present an innovative 3D crosslinked conductive polyoxadiazole (POD) binder engineered with glycerol (GL) to form a robust network of covalent and hydrogen bonds. This unique chemical architecture not only enhances adhesion and mechanical resilience to effectively dissipate the stresses induced by Si's volumetric changes but also constructs a robust conductive framework to facilitate electron transfer. The dynamic interplay between strong covalent and flexible hydrogen bonds in the POD‐c‐GL binder enables superior structural integrity and stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling. The Si@POD‐c‐GL anode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, including a high initial Coulombic efficiency, impressive rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability. This work highlights the potential of harnessing in situ crosslinking chemistry to develop advanced binders, paving the way for the next generation of high‐performance Si anodes in LIBs.