bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological assessment of effectiveness of soluble RAGE in attenuating Angiotensin II-induced LVH mouse model using in vivo 9.4T MRI
Authors: Heo Dan , Lim Soyeon , Lee Jiye , Lee Myung Eun , Cho Soyoung , Jeong Jisu , Seo Miran , Park Sungha , Yang Jaemoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effectiveness of soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) in attenuating angiotensin II (AngII)-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using in vivo 9.4T cine-magnetic resonance imaging (CINE-MRI). Mice were divided into four groups: AngII (n = 9), saline (n = 10), sRAGE (n = 10), and AngII + sRAGE (n = 10). CINE-MRI was performed in each group after administration of the AngII or sRAGE, and CINE-MR images were analyzed to obtain parameters indicating cardiac anatomical and functional changes including end-diastolic and end-systolic blood volume, end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial volume, ejection fraction, end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial mass, and LV wall thickness. LVH observed in AngII group was significantly attenuated by sRAGE. These trends were also observed in histological analysis, demonstrating that cardiac function tracking using in vivo and real-time 9.4T MR imaging provides valuable information about the cardiac remodeling induced by AngII and sRAGE in an AngII-induced LV hypertrophy mice model.
Regulation of the Hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by the multi-functional protein TARDBP
Authors: Makokha Grace Naswa , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Chowdhury Sajeda , Hayes C. Nelson , Tsuge Masataka , Yoshima Tadahiko , Ishida Yuji , Zhang Yizhou , Uchida Takuro , Tateno Chise , Akiyama Rie , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and is a key risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of host factors that support viral replication is important to understand mechanisms of viral replication and to develop new therapeutic strategies. We identified TARDBP as a host factor that regulates HBV. Silencing or knocking out the protein in HBV infected cells severely impaired the production of viral replicative intermediates, mRNAs, proteins, and virions, whereas ectopic expression of TARDBP rescued production of these products. Mechanistically, we found that the protein binds to the HBV core promoter, as shown by chromatin precipitation as well as mutagenesis and protein-DNA interaction assays. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we also found that TARDBP binds to a number of other proteins known to support the HBV life cycle, including NPM1, PARP1, Hsp90, HNRNPC, SFPQ, PTBP1, HNRNPK, and PUF60. Interestingly, given its key role as a regulator of RNA splicing, we found that TARDBP has an inhibitory role on pregenomic RNA splicing, which might help the virus to export its non-canonical RNAs from the nucleus without being subjected to unwanted splicing, even though mRNA nuclear export is normally closely tied to RNA splicing. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TARDBP is involved in multiple steps of HBV replication via binding to both HBV DNA and RNA. The protein’s broad interactome suggests that TARDBP may function as part of a RNA-binding scaffold involved in HBV replication and that the interaction between these proteins might be a target for development of anti-HBV drugs.
Ultrafast thermal-free photoluminescence of coherently extended single quantum states
Authors: Matsuda Takuya , Ichimiya Masayoshi , Ashida Masaaki , Ishihara Hajime 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe coherent volume of single quantum states of matter is typically smaller than that of photons by several orders of magnitude, and hence, interactions between photons and single quantum states are normally very weak. This limits the speed of radiative decay of matter states in free space. Recent efforts to speed-up radiative processes have been focused on creating a small mode volume of photons using cavity systems, or on realizing spontaneous synchronization among quantum emitters to create a dipole at the macroscopic scale, which accelerates photon emission up to a couple of hundred femtoseconds. Here, we demonstrate the 10-fs class of photoluminescence (PL) of a single quantum state in solid thin films without the use of a photo-cavity system or the spontaneous synchronization effect. Significantly, this speed can beat thermal dephasing of relevant excited states at room temperature, which is typically a couple of tens of femtoseconds. The process occurs due to the giant interaction volume between light waves and the multipole excitonic waves. This result indicates the possibility to realize photoemission processes that complete before the thermal dephasing process activates, which opens up the hidden potential of ubiquitous solids as thermal-free or extremely low-energy-loss photonic materials.
A comparative finite element analysis of maxillary expansion with and without midpalatal suture viscoelasticity using a representative skeletal geometry
Authors: Fuhrer R. S. , Romanyk D. L. , Carey J. P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe goal of this investigation was to adapt and incorporate a nonlinear viscoelastic material model representative of the midpalatal suture’s viscoelastic nature into finite element analysis simulations of maxillary expansion treatment. Step-wise displacements were applied to a partial skull geometry to simulate treatment using an expansion screw appliance. Four simulation cases were considered for the midpalatal and intermaxillary sutures: 1. Neglecting suture tissue; 2. Linear elastic properties; 3. Viscoelastic properties; 4. A fused intermaxillary and viscoelastic midpalatal suture. Results from simulations indicated that removal of suture tissue and inclusion of viscoelastic properties resulted in the same maxillary displacement following 29 activations of 0.125 mm applied directly to the maxilla; however, assuming a fused intermaxillary suture significantly changed maxillary displacement patterns. Initial stress results within the suture complex were significantly influenced by the inclusion of suture viscoelasticity as compared to linear elastic properties. The presented study demonstrates successful incorporation of suture viscoelasticity into finite element analysis simulations of maxillary expansion treatment, and elucidates the appropriateness of various suture material property assumptions depending desired research outcomes.
New insights into natural variability and anthropogenic forcing of global/regional climate evolution
Authors: Wu Tongwen , Hu Aixue , Gao Feng , Zhang Jie , Meehl Gerald A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBecause of natural decadal climate variability—Atlantic multi-decadal variability (AMV) and Pacific decadal variability (PDV) —the increase of global mean surface air temperature (GMSAT) has not been monotonic although atmospheric greenhouse-gas (GHG) concentrations have been increasing continuously. It has always been a challenge regarding how to separate the effects of these two factors on GMSAT. Here, we find a physically based quasi-linear relationship between transient GMSAT and well-mixed GHG changes for both observations and model simulations. With AMV and PDV defined as the combination of variability over both the Atlantic and Pacific basins after the GHG-related trend is removed, we show that the observed GMSAT changes from 1880 to 2017 on multi-decadal or longer timescales receive contributions of about 70% from GHGs, while AMV and PDV together account for roughly 30%. Moreover, AMV contributes more to time-evolving GMSAT on multi-decadal and longer timescales, but PDV leads AMV on decadal timescales with comparable contributions to GMSAT trends.
Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application
Authors: Ischia Joseph , Bolton Damien M , Patel Oneel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
Protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Fu Shuiqiao , Lu Weina , Yu Wenqiao , Hu Jun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: To study the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (Dong Chong Xia Cao in Chinese [DCXC]) on experimental acute lung injury (ALI) mice.
Methods and results: ALI model was induced by intratracheal-instilled lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.4 mg/kg) in BALB/c male mice. The mice were administrated DCXC (ig, 10, 30, 60 mg/kg) in 4 and 8 h after receiving LPS. Histopathological section, wet/dry lung weight ratio and myeloperoxidase activity were detected. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell count, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in BALF was detected by ELISA, the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lung tissue was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. The result showed that DCXC could reduce the degree of histopathological injury, wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and myeloperoxidase activity (P&lt;0.05) with a dose-dependent manner. The increased number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in BALF were significantly inhibited by DCXC treatment (P&lt;0.05). The increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO in BALF after LPS administration was significantly reduced by DCXC (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the increased protein and mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB p65 DNA binding ability in LPS group were dose-dependently reduced by DCXC treatment (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion: DCXC could play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect on LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in lung. The result showed that DCXC has a potential protective effect on the ALI.
Adaptation processes that build CRISPR immunity: creative destruction, updated
Authors: Lau Chun H. , Reeves Ryan , Bolt Edward L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProkaryotes can defend themselves against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by acquiring immune memory against them. The memory is a DNA database located at specific chromosomal sites called CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that store fragments of MGE DNA. These are utilised to target and destroy returning MGEs, preventing re-infection. The effectiveness of CRISPR-based immune defence depends on ‘adaptation’ reactions that capture and integrate MGE DNA fragments into CRISPRs. This provides the means for immunity to be delivered against MGEs in ‘interference’ reactions. Adaptation and interference are catalysed by Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins, aided by enzymes well known for other roles in cells. We survey the molecular biology of CRISPR adaptation, highlighting entirely new developments that may help us to understand how MGE DNA is captured. We focus on processes in Escherichia coli, punctuated with reference to other prokaryotes that illustrate how common requirements for adaptation, DNA capture and integration, can be achieved in different ways. We also comment on how CRISPR adaptation enzymes, and their antecedents, can be utilised for biotechnology.
Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Benefit Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Langmore Susan E. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This article is a review of the evidence for using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a treatment for dysphagia when given to head and neck cancer patients with dysphagia secondary to radiation therapy.

Method
The rationale for using NMES for dysphagia in this population will be summarized. Recent studies will then be reviewed for evidence of efficacy of NMES when given to patients post–radiation therapy or during radiation therapy.

Conclusion
Evidence to date suggests no benefit from electrical stimulation when used therapeutically postradiotherapy. There are too few studies to date that have looked at NMES during radiotherapy to make any conclusions. Further studies are warranted.
Sparsity‐based adaptive line enhancer for passive sonars
Authors: Hao Yu , Chi Cheng , Qiu Longhao , Liang Guolong 
Published: June 2019

Adaptive line enhancers (ALEs) have been widely used in passive sonars for enhancing narrowband discrete components (known simply as lines or tonals) radiated by surface or underwater targets. Unfortunately, the performance of the conventional ALE based on the least‐mean‐square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is limited by the high steady‐state misadjustment, which limits the output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the conventional ALE. To break through the limit of the conventional ALE, this study proposes a sparsity‐based ALE (SALE). The SALE takes into account the frequency‐domain sparsity of narrowband discrete components and realises the adaption in the frequency domain. A ‐norm sparse penalty is incorporated into authors’ frequency‐domain adaption to reduce the misadjustment dramatically. The simulations show that the SNR gain of the SALE is 6.3 dB higher than that of the conventional ALE. The results of processing the real data collected in the sea trial also demonstrate that authors’ proposed SALE outperforms the conventional ALE. To reduce the computational complexity of the SALE, a fast SALE (FSALE) is also proposed. In authors’ setup, the computational complexity of the FSALE is one order of magnitude lower than that of the SALE, with comparable SNR performance.
Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Knockdown of SLC16A11 Improves Glucose Tolerance and Hepatic Insulin Signaling in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Authors: Zhang Tan , Qi Zhengtang , Wang Haiyan , Ding Shuzhe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background SLC16A11, a member of the SLC16 family, is associated with lipid metabolism, causing increased intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. In the current study, our primary goal was to determine if an SLC16A11 knockdown would improve glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin signaling in high fat diet (HFD)–fed mice. Additionally, the mechanism for exercise-improved insulin sensitivity remains unclear, and there is no mechanistic insight into SLC16A11’s role in insulin sensitivity under exercise stress. Therefore, we also examined the impact of endurance exercise on the abundance of SLC16A11.
Methods C57BL/6 J male mice were fed either regular chow (Control) or HFD for 8 weeks and then injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV). Plasma parameters, tissue lipid contents, glucose tolerance, and expression profiles of hepatic insulin signaling were detected. Also, other mice were divided randomly into sedentary and exercise groups. We assessed hepatic expression of SLC16A11 after 8 weeks of endurance exercise.
Results 1) Hepatic SLC16A11 expression was greater in HFD-fed mice compared to Control mice. 2) AAV-mediated knockdown of SLC16A11 improved glucose tolerance, prevented TAG accumulation in serum and liver, and increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK3β) in HFD-fed mice. 3) Endurance exercise decreased hepatic SLC16A11 expression.
Conclusions Inactivation of SLC16A11, which is robustly induced by HFD, improved glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin signaling, independent of body weight, but related to TAG. Additionally, SLC16A11 might mediate the health benefits of endurance exercise.
Von geschwächten Barrieren
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn der Darmschleimhaut und den Gehirnkapillaren verkitten belastbare Proteinverbindungen - Tight junctions - die Epithelzellen zu einer dicht schließenden Barriere gegen unerwünschte Substanzen und Fremdkörper. Über das Immun- und Stoffwechselsystem stehen die Durchlässigkeit der Darmschleimhaut und der Blut-Hirn-Schranke in enger wechselseitiger Verbindung. Daher gehen Darmstörungen häufig mit subklinischer Neuroinflammation und geistiger Dysbalance einher. Im Fall Johanna P. konnten massive Darm- und Depressionsbeschwerden mit einer Kombination aus Probiotika, Glutamin, Zink, glutenfreier Ernährung und Bewegung erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Hitzewelle auf Chinesisch
Authors: Bögel Martina 
Published: June 2019

SummaryHitzemuster stellen einen zentralen pathogenen Faktor in der Chinesischen Medizin dar und finden sich bei diversen Erkrankungen, wie die Beispiele Infektionen, Stress und Wechseljahresbeschwerden zeigen. Für eine gezielte Behandlung muss der Therapeut unter anderem das betreffende Organ, die Wandlungsphase (zum Beispiel Feuer), und die Schicht (nach dem Vier-Schichten-Modell) identifizieren. Abhängig davon, ob es sich um Leere- oder Füllezustände, äußere oder innere Muster handelt, haben sich spezifische Akupunkturpunkte und Arzneirezepturen bewährt.
Imaging of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kosmala Aleksander , Bley Thorsten , Petritsch Bernhard 
Published: June 2019

Background Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells mainly in the bone marrow. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and follow-up.
Method This literature review provides information about multiple myeloma, its precursor diseases, and available imaging techniques. Advantages and limitations as well as possible prognostic and therapeutic implications of the different imaging methods are presented in the context of the current literature.
Results and Conclusion Cross-sectional imaging has replaced conventional X-ray skeletal survey. Widely available whole-body computed tomography is routinely used to detect osteolytic lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive technique to identify bone marrow infiltration and is recommended in multiple myeloma precursor diseases. Positron emission computed tomography combines morphological and functional imaging. It is mainly used for follow-up, therapy monitoring, and response evaluation.
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Vielseitiger Scharfmacher
Authors: Houben Martina 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDer Wurzelstock des Echten Galgant (Alpinia officinarum) wird in der traditionellen Heilkunde und modernen Phytotherapie bei zahlreichen Indikationen angewendet. Außerdem ist die Gewürzpflanze in der Küche beliebt.
Time Course Changes in Confirmed ‘True’ VO2max After Individualized and Standardized Training
Authors: Weatherwax Ryan , Harris Nigel , Kilding Andrew E. , Dalleck Lance 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study sought to examine time course changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) confirmed with verification testing following 12 weeks of standardized vs. individualized exercise training. Participants (N=39) were randomly allocated to differing exercise intensity prescription groups: ventilatory threshold (individualized) or % heart rate reserve (standardized). At baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, participants completed maximal exercise testing with a verification protocol to confirm ‘true VO2max.’ VO2max in the standardized group changed from 24.3±4.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 at baseline to 24.7±4.6, 25.9±4.7, and 26.0±4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with a significant difference (p<0.05) in VO2max at week 8 and 12 compared to baseline. The individualized group had increases in VO2max from online 2 9.5±7.5 ml·kg−1·min−1 at baseline to 30.6±8.4, 31.4±8.4, and 32.8±8.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively. In the individualized group, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in VO2max from baseline to week 8 and 12 and a significant increase in VO2max from week 8 to 1 online 2. Although not statistically significant, our preliminary data demonstrates a more rapid and potent improvement in VO2max when exercise intensity is individualized. This is the first investigation to employ use of the verification procedure to confirm ‘true VO2max’ changes following exercise training using ventilatory thresholds.
Antcin-A Modulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Potentials of Human Breast Cancer Cells via p53-Mediated miR-200c Activation
Authors: Kumar K. J. Senthil , Vani M. Gokila , Hsieh Han-Wen , Lin Chin-Chung , Wang Sheng-Yang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntcin-A (ATA) is a steroid-like phytochemical isolated from the fruiting bodies of a precious edible mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea. We previously showed that ATA has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; however, other possible bioactivities of this unique compound remain unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anti-migration, and anti-invasive potential of ATA against human breast cancer cells in vitro. Human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were incubated with ATA for 24 h. Wound healing, trans-well invasion, western blot, q-PCR, F-actin staining, and immunofluorescence assays were performed. We found that treatment with ATA significantly blocked EMT processes, as evidenced by upregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and occludin) and downregulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) via suppression of their transcriptional repressor ZEB1. Next, we found that ATA could induce miR-200c, which is a known player of ZEB1 repression. Further investigations revealed that ATA-mediated induction of miR-200c is associated with transcriptional activation of p53, as confirmed by the fact that ATA failed to induce miR-200c or suppress ZEB1 activity in p53 inhibited cells. Further in vitro wound healing and trans-well invasion assays support that ATA could inhibit migratory and invasive potentials of breast cancer cells, and the effect was likely associated with induced phenotypic modulation. Taken together, the present study suggests that antcin-A could be a lead phyto-agent for the development of anti-metastatic drug for breast cancer treatment.