bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Section on Media Policy
Authors: Kraft Colleen , Wartella Ellen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Media Policy covers a diverse collection of topics related to child health, privacy, and equity. Children are much more comfortable with screens and devices than their parents, but their developing brain juxtaposes their facility and skill in using technology with personal privacy and safety. This collection of chapters speaks to design that facilitates privacy and security and the role of both legislation and regulation in supporting this design. Two chapters highlight the digital divide with regard to both high-speed internet access and the fact that the largest populations of young people live in countries with the fewest resources. This collection of media policy chapters seeks to define what is needed for children to navigate today’s digital landscape safely and equitably.
Social Media Use in Childhood and Adolescence: Minimizing Its Adverse Effects Through Corporate Social Responsibility and European Union Regulations
Authors: Montag Christian , Demetrovics Zsolt , Elhai Jon D. , Grant Don , Koning Ina , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Spada Marcantonio M. , Throuvala Melina , van den Eijnden Regina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present chapter revisits the prevailing data business model of the social media industry and explains how it stands in conflict with psycho-developmental tasks in children and adolescents. In this realm, issues surrounding the current “APIcalypse” (based on the term application program interfaces (APIs); closed APIs hindering the study of social media use on the platforms) are discussed, along with the need to foster interdisciplinary research that brings together psychological, psychiatric, neuroscientific, and computer sciences to truly understand social media impacts on well-being and mental health. Given the billion users of social media around the globe, many of whom are minors, much is at stake, and it is urgent to address the numerous knowledge gaps surrounding the effects of social media use on mental health.
Distinguishing Credible from Sham: Supporting Young People to Navigate Online
Authors: Breakstone Joel , McGrew Sarah , Smith Mark , Wineburg Sam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Teenagers in the United States spend over 8 hours on digital devices outside of schoolwork each day (Rideout et al. The Common Sense census: media use by tweens and teens. Common Sense Media, 2021), where they encounter information that ranges from educational to toxic. Despite their fluency with digital devices, young people struggle to evaluate the information that streams across their screens. There are evidence-based approaches for helping students to become more discerning consumers of digital content. Based on research with professional fact checkers, these interventions have been proven across a range of contexts to help people learn effective evaluation strategies. Unfortunately, outdated educational approaches to digital literacy remain widely used. As states across the country adopt legislation mandating media literacy instruction, a series of research questions deserve attention: (1) How can adults be supported to learn and teach digital literacy? (2) How do schools integrate digital literacy into the curriculum? (3) How do young people’s beliefs and identities influence their evaluations? (4) How do we reach people outside of school settings and how can trusted messengers (e.g., parents, health professionals, and community leaders) provide instruction about evidence-based strategies for evaluating online information?
Introduction to the Section on Education Technology
Authors: Darling-Aduana Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Educational technology (edtech) has become a pervasive part of students’ schooling experiences whether integrated in traditional, face-to-face classrooms, or used to support fully online courses. Despite the potential for edtech to improve learning processes and outcomes, most edtech enactment reproduces existing teacher-centric practices. The following six chapters review current understanding on the topic from the perspectives of emergency schooling, equity, digital media literacy, early childhood education, and data privacy and security. The introduction concludes with a roadmap for the policies, practices, and research identified across chapters to realize the true potential of edtech to enhance and transform education.
The State of Educational Technology Research and Practice
Authors: Krutka Daniel G. , Greenhow Christine , Kimmons Royce , Pangrazio Luci , Trust Torrey 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The authors offer a brief overview of the state of educational technology (edtech) research and practice. They detail the current state of the field by reporting on trends in edtech scholarship and from analysis of social media data and website analytics. Topics of focus in the field change from year to year. For example, there was a shift among scholarly focus from virtual and augmented reality in 2021 to more attention on artificial intelligence in 2022 and 2023. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more focus on emergency remote teaching and an increased interest in online and blended learning. There has also been more concern about increasing open educational resources (OER) and the use of technology to improve women’s and girls’ experiences in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning. The authors also put forth self-directed learning on social media and critical data literacy as illustrative examples of particular areas of study. Overall, the authors contend that the field can, at times, be constrained by a technophilic view that fails to account for downsides, such as prohibitive costs, loss of data privacy, or even discriminatory design or use. There is emerging scholarly interest in centering ethical issues with technology.
Digital Ethics and Equity in K-12 Blended and Online Learning
Authors: Darling-Aduana Jennifer , Heath Marie K. , Stewart Ashley , Viano Samantha , Asim Sumreen , Garcia Antero , Langran Elizabeth , Heinrich Carolyn , Woodley Xeturah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a definition for digital equity that includes leveraging fully online and blended learning to dismantle power dynamics and systems in society that perpetuate and legitimize educational inequities. For technology to support that aim, educators must acknowledge the non-neutrality of technology and work to mitigate the negative effects of differential use, algorithmic biases, surveillance, built-in normative assumptions, and online harassment. We start by describing the current state of digital ethics and equity in K-12 blended and online learning before concluding with suggestions for future research and recommendations for policymakers and educators.
The Explosion of EdTech: Can Its Promise Be Fulfilled?
Authors: Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hassinger-Das Brenna , Kucirkova Natalia , Myers Lauren , Dore Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Educational Technologies (EdTech) refers to apps, coding robots, educational videos, websites, e-books, and games allegedly designed to promote children’s learning. EdTech is changing how children learn and will likely become increasingly common in future years. In this review, we focus on EdTech used in preschool and early primary school classrooms and at home, with typically developing children aged between 0 and 5 years. We review the current state of the literature, consider whether educational EdTech is aligned with the research, propose ways EdTech could be improved, suggest avenues for future research, and conclude with a set of recommendations for parents, educators, and pediatricians.
Children, Education, and Technologies: Current Debates, Key Concerns, and Future Directions Around Data Privacy, Surveillance, and Datafication
Authors: Hillman Velislava , Manolev Jamie , Johnston Samantha-Kaye , Kumar Priya C. , Martin Florence , Zeide Elana , Vladova Gergana , Lai Rina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the impact of digitizing education, the risks of datafication, data privacy loss, and surveillance, and their implications for children’s fundamental rights and freedoms. While debates around digital media’s impact on children’s health and development have grown, our goal is to present the most pertinent concerns emerging from the use of education technologies (edtech), focusing on data collection and surveillance in Anglo-American (Western) contexts. We shed light on the gaps in literature and provide recommendations addressing education stakeholders.
Introduction to the Section on Video Gaming, Violence, and Gambling
Authors: Gentile Douglas A. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the content and themes from the four chapters in this section on online gaming, violent and aggressive behaviors, and online gambling in youth. The chapters taken together suggest a convergence of online behaviors in which learning may contribute across behaviors. While strong data suggest relationships, albeit sometimes of modest magnitudes, across these domains, less is known regarding directionality and how moderating and mediating factors operate. However, given the prevalence of these behaviors during development and their potential impacts, improved understanding is needed in order to provide individuals, and perhaps particularly pediatricians, with the appropriate information to help promote the healthy development of youth.
Video Gaming and Its Effects on Children and Adolescents: Research Priorities and Recommendations
Authors: King Daniel L. , Galanis Christina R. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Billieux Joel , Király Orsolya , Canale Natale , Rehbein Florian , Gainsbury Sally M. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter critically considers the research literature on the experiences and potential effects of gaming among young people. The effects of gaming on young people’s well-being appear complex and multidirectional, and depend on patterns, content, and context of gaming activities. Research into media effects appears to have become specialized in discrete areas (e.g., cognition, mental health, social effects), with few studies synthesizing data across subfields. Priority research areas include studies of short- and long-term effects of gaming; studying artificial intelligence-driven designs, monetized, and gambling-like designs in games; evaluating assessment and interventions for problematic gaming; and testing regulatory measures and safeguards for young users and their families. Methodological improvements include the use of holistic frameworks and designs to examine positive and negative effects; considering gaming activity as a unit of analysis in psychological and social terms as distinct from “screen time;” the use of objective measures to complement self-report measures; and the use of industry data. As gaming products evolve and become increasingly embedded into young people’s lives, understanding the psychosocial effects on young users remains a global priority.
Digital Media and Neurodevelopmental Differences
Authors: Alper Meryl , Alcorn Alyssa M. , Harrison Kristen , Manganello Jennifer A. , Romeo Rachel R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
“Screen media” guidance is not a one-size-fits-all, and this is especially true for young people whose development occurs outside the window of “typical” development. Given the wide range of neurodevelopmental differences, the review of children’s digital media use research in this chapter focuses on those diagnosed with autism and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—conditions that differ but share many underlying cognitive and clinical characteristics. While the evidence base is uneven and incomplete, existing research reviews indicate that screen media use by children and adolescents with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis can be not only high-risk but also high-reward. The current chapter organizes the major findings into (1) developmental domains for media use and (2) ecological contents for media engagement. We recommend future research directions and provide recommendations for stakeholder groups such as clinicians, policymakers, educators, and technologists. It is now a given that neurodivergent children engage with digital media at least as much if not more than neurotypical children do but often for different reasons. As such, it is important to move conversations toward practical concerns about effective, personally meaningful, and healthy usage.
Children’s Understanding of Digital Tracking and Digital Privacy
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Nancekivell Shaylene E. , Lee Young-eun , Schaub Florian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Digital technologies provide both interpersonal and institutional risks for users, and children are particularly vulnerable, given their limited understanding of these risks. This chapter reviews the current state of literature on children’s understanding of technology as it relates to digital privacy and tracking, focusing especially on children under 14 years of age and their parents. Existing work paints a complex picture of children’s privacy representations wherein children show sophisticated thinking regarding some aspects of privacy and tracking (including types of information, interpersonal privacy risks, and benefits of tracking), but also struggle to represent other privacy concepts such as institutional privacy risks, how/when data is accessed, and the diverse entities that might access it. Directions for future research include a greater focus on children younger than 12 years of age, developing and testing effective educational interventions for children and their parents, and research informing child-appropriate design of privacy information and controls. Recommendations include a research-informed consideration of child age in regulatory requirements, practicing privacy by design in addition to legal compliance, introducing meaningful education at earlier ages, and improving transparency regarding data collection in trusted contexts, such as healthcare and educational settings.
An Efficient ZK Compiler from SIMD Circuits to General Circuits
Authors: Bui Dung , Chu Haotian , Couteau Geoffroy , Wang Xiao , Weng Chenkai , Yang Kang , Yu Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a generic compiler that can convert any zero-knowledge (ZK) proof for SIMD circuits to general circuits efficiently, and an extension that can preserve the space complexity of the proof systems. Our compiler can immediately produce new results improving upon state of the art.

By plugging in our compiler to Antman, an interactive sublinear-communication protocol, we improve the overall communication complexity for general circuits from

$$\mathcal {O}(C^{3/4})$$

O
(

C

3
/
4

)

to

$$\mathcal {O}(C^{1/2})$$

O
(

C

1
/
2

)

. Our implementation shows that for a circuit of size

$$2^{27}$$

2
27

, it achieves up to

$$83.6\times $$

83.6
×

improvement on communication compared to the state-of-the-art implementation. Its end-to-end running time is at least

$$70\%$$

70
%

faster in a 10Mbps network.

Using the recent results on compressed

$$\varSigma $$

Σ

-protocol theory, we obtain a discrete-log-based constant-round zero-knowledge argument with

$$\mathcal {O}(C^{1/2})$$

O
(

C

1
/
2

)

communication and common random string length, improving over the state of the art that has linear-size common random string and requires heavier computation.

We improve the communication of a designated n-verifier zero-knowledge proof from

$$\mathcal {O}(nC/B+n^2B^2)$$

O
(
n
C
/
B
+

n
2

B
2

)

to

$$\mathcal {O}(nC/B+n^2)$$

O
(
n
C
/
B
+

n
2

)

.

To demonstrate the scalability of our compilers, we were able to extract a commit-and-prove SIMD ZK from Ligero and cast it in our framework. We also give one instantiation derived from LegoSNARK, demonstrating that the idea of CP-SNARK also fits in our methodology.
What Will the Future Bring? – Socio-Economic Challenges to Herder Households in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia
Authors: Michler Lena M. , Kaczensky Petra , Batsukh Daginnas , Treydte Anna C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNomadic pastoralism is still practiced by around one-third of the Mongolian population. Recent socio-economic constraints have challenged pastoral livelihoods and rising livestock numbers threaten overall rangeland health and biodiversity conservation. In the Mongolian Gobi, herder households fully depend on livestock production but little is known about their livelihood trends and potential compatibility with protected area goals. We combined interview data in the Great Gobi B strictly protected area (SPA) with secondary data on regional and national herder households to determine the importance of social networks, willingness to continue a herding lifestyle, and degree of involvement in protected area (PA) management. Our descriptive data confirm that herding is no longer centred on a subsistence lifestyle but rather around cashmere production. Contrary to sustainability goals, especially in protected areas, herder households continue to increase livestock numbers in response to high expenditures in the economic reality of a market economy. We conclude that herders in the Great Gobi B SPA are reaching neither socio-economically nor ecologically sustainable livestock numbers which challenge herders’ livelihoods and PA management alike. We recommend enhancing communication between the PA management and the herding community and increasing participatory conservation activities. National strategies are needed to resolve the current dilemma of increasing livestock numbers to meet livelihood demands and the growing threat to rangeland health.
The effect of diabetes on short-term outcomes following epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Hecht Idan , Karesvuo Minna , Kanclerz Piotr , Jeon Sohee , Karesvuo Petteri , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the association of diabetes with anatomical and functional outcomes of epiretinal membrane surgery.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent epiretinal membrane surgery between 2017–2021 at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Here we examined the association of diabetes, glycemic control, and requirement for insulin medication with surgical outcomes at 1-month.

Results
Included were 214 eyes of 214 patients, with a mean age of 71.2 ± 8.2 years. Among patients with diabetes (n = 45), neither significant differences were observed in anatomical outcomes (− 47.8 ± 72.7 μm vs. − 38.3 ± 103 μm for foveal thickness, p = 0.566 and − 41.6 ± 61.8 μm vs. − 41.7 ± 85.7 μm for central subfield macular thickness, p = 0.996) nor in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain (0.06 ± 0.22 vs 0.12 ± 0.30 LogMAR units, p = 0.214) compared to those without diabetes. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, the existence of preoperative macular cysts, and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, the results remained consistent. The last preoperative HbA1c levels did not correlate with changes in foveal (Pearson’s r = 0.218, p = 0.264) or central subfield macular thickness (r = 0.365, p = 0.056), or with BCVA gain (r = -0.177, p = 0.386). Insulin therapy for diabetes did not associate with the outcomes (p > 0.05 for anatomical and functional comparisons).

Conclusions
In a cohort of patients who underwent epiretinal membrane surgery, neither the presence of diabetes, nor glycemic control and the use of insulin medication associated with the outcomes.
Influence of welding methods on the microstructure of nickel-based weld metal for liquid hydrogen tanks
Authors: Yu Chenjun , Kawabata Tomoya , Kyouno Shigetoshi , Li Xixian , Uranaka Shohei , Maeda Daiki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the microstructure and hardness of weld metals used in liquid hydrogen storage tanks, with a focus on the effects of three welding methods: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Finite element simulations were employed to model the temperature field during welding, aiding in the explanation of observed microstructural differences. The results show that while GTAW and SMAW produce weld metals with similar microstructures, SAW generates significantly larger grains with a pronounced preferential orientation. The use of weaving techniques play a key role in shaping the solidification microstructures. Additionally, the hardness of the weld metal is comparable to that of the base material, with a slight reduction corresponding to increased grain size. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing welding processes for liquid hydrogen storage tanks by addressing the microstructural characteristics that influence weld joint performance.
Graphical Abstract
Decolonial Musings about Constitutionalism, the Constitution, and Democratic Future(s)
Authors: Sindane Ntando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn “Two Cheers to Constitutionalism” Karl Klare and Dennis Davis take us through a longue durée analysis of South Africa’s constitutional democracy, its genesis, essence and implications for the future. Their reflections about the 25 years of South Africa’s constitution coincide with the 30-years milestone since the dawn of the so-called democratic breakthrough. In this article, I grapple with some of the epistemic and axiological specificities that define both the constitution of 1996 and the notion of a constitutional democracy in the afterlife of apartheid and colonialism. More directly, I invite both Klare & Davis to attempt to contend with South Africa through a decolonial lens. I invoke my own positionality, not only as a locus of enunciation, but as a legitimate marker in discussions about the constitution, and constitutionalism; my contention is that frank conversations about our own positionalities will help us sieve through and decisively discern between the [p]olitics and [P]olitics of the constitution. In fleshing out the four dominant themes/positions in ongoing debates about the constitution, I lean towards the grammar of constitutional abolitionists, to conclude that the fundamental crisis about the South African constitution and present conceptions of constitutionalism is that they are a normal framework in an abnormal society. Given our history/present of anti-Black racism, the systemic dehumanization of indigenous people, colonial theft/dispossession, epistemicides, historicides, linguisticides, et cetera, I insist that ours is an abnormal society, consequently an abnormal constitution/constitutionalism would have been a more just outcome.