bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giving to Friends, Classmates, and Strangers in Adolescence
Authors: van de Groep Suzanne , Zanolie Kiki , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: March 2019

This study examined how perspective taking and sensitivity to social rewards predict giving to friends, classmates, and strangers in adolescence. Five hundred and twenty adolescents aged 12–17 years completed questionnaires on perspective taking and social rewards and played three Dictator Games in which they divided coins between themselves and a friend, classmate, and stranger. We found that, irrespective of age, adolescents donated most to a friend, less to their classmate, and least to a stranger, and females donated more than males. Individual differences in perspective taking and social reward sensitivity moderated how much adolescents donated, especially to strangers. These findings suggest that perspective taking and sensitivity to social rewards influence giving behavior in adolescence, especially to unknown others.
Effect of enzymatic crosslinking on the handling properties of dough as a function of NaCl levels for CWRS varieties, Pembina and Harvest
Authors: Hopkins Erin J. , Hucl Pierre , Scanlon Martin G. , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effects of transglutaminase (TG) and glucose oxidase (GO) on the handling properties of model bread dough were examined at both normal (2% wt. by flour) and reduced (1% wt.) sodium chloride (NaCl) levels using two Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) cultivars; Pembina and Harvest. The reduction of NaCl level had negative effects on dough rheology and stickiness, however, the inclusion of GO (0.001 and 0.01% by flour weight) or TG (only at the 0.5% by flour weight inclusion) was able to improve dough strength and reduce stickiness. GO appeared to be more effective than TG (at 0.01%) at equivalent concentrations for improving dough‐handling properties. Flour cultivar had significant effects; Harvest flour (weaker) was more impacted by salt reduction and enzyme inclusion compared to Pembina flour (stronger). Crosslinking assays showed significant differences in glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content in dough prepared with GO, and dough prepared with different flours. Additionally, significantly fewer free thiol groups were found in dough produced with GO compared to dough without any enzymes and those with TG. GO appears to have potential for use as a bread improver to reduce stickiness and improve the strength of bread dough produced at lower salt concentrations, especially for dough prepared with weaker flour cultivars.
Therapeutic monitoring of rivaroxaban in dogs using thromboelastography and prothrombin time
Authors: Bae Junwoo , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Woosun , Kim Suhee , Park Jinho , Jung Dong‐In , Yu Dohyeon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe chromogenic anti‐Xa assay, the gold standard for monitoring the anti‐Xa effect of rivaroxaban, is not available as a cage‐side diagnostic test for use in a clinical setting.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical modalities for measuring the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban using a point‐of‐care prothrombin time (PT) and thromboelastography (TEG).AnimalsSix healthy Beagle dogs.MethodsProspective, experimental study. Four different doses of rivaroxaban (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) were administered PO to dogs. Single PO and 3 consecutive dosing regimens also were assessed. Plasma rivaroxaban concentration was determined using a chromogenic anti‐Xa assay, point‐of‐care PT, and TEG analysis with 4 activators (RapidTEG, 1 : 100 tissue factor [TF100], 1 : 3700 tissue factor [TF3700], and kaolin), and results were compared. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between ratios (peak to baseline PT; peak reaction time [R] of TEG to baseline [R] of TEG) and anti‐Xa concentration.ResultsAnti‐Xa concentration had a significant correlation with point‐of‐care PT (R = 0.82, P < .001) and RapidTEG‐TEG, TF100‐TEG, and TF3700‐TEG (R = 0.76, P < .001; R = 0.82, P < .001; and R = 0.83, P < .001, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOverall, a 1.5‐1.9 × delay in PT and R values of TEG 3 hours after rivaroxaban administration is required to achieve therapeutic anti‐Xa concentrations of rivaroxaban in canine plasma. The R values of TEG, specifically using tissue factors (RapidTEG, TF100, TF3700) and point‐of‐care PT for rivaroxaban can be used practically for therapeutic monitoring of rivaroxaban in dogs.
Not gone with the wind: Vegetation complexity increases seed retention during windy periods in the Argentine Semiarid Chaco
Authors: Lipoma María Lucrecia , Cuchietti Anibal , Gorne Lucas D. , Díaz Sandra M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuestionsWe experimentally studied whether different degrees of vegetation structural complexity, developed under different land‐use regimes, affected the retention of seeds in situ in the semiarid Chaco forest. We sought to answer the following questions: (a) Does vegetation complexity in interaction with climatic conditions affect seed retention on the soil surface? (b) Do seeds with contrasting traits show the same retention pattern?LocationChancaní, Northwestern Córdoba, Argentina.MethodsWe run a field experiment to test seed retention across 16 field sites differing in physiognomy and land‐use regime. We used artificial seeds with contrasting traits to simulate extreme morphologies found among dominant species of the Chaco forest (large‐flattened and small‐spherical seed types). We placed artificial seeds in 10 quadrats along a transect at each site and recorded the number of seeds retained after 25 days. We performed the experiment in the same season in two consecutive years. Through a Principal Component Analysis of a matrix of 320 survey plots by 6 structural variables, we extracted two major multivariate axes summarizing vegetation complexity.ResultsVegetation complexity was strongly related to land‐use regimes, and a more complex vegetation structure increased seed retention, particularly in the first year of the experiment, when wind velocity was twice the value of the historical mean. The same general retention pattern was observed for different seed types with contrasting size and shape, but the absolute amount of retention was lower for large‐flattened than small‐spherical seeds.ConclusionVegetation complexity interacting with variable climatic conditions ‐especially wind velocity‐ and seed morphology increased seed retention on the soil surface. Because seed dynamics is known to play an essential role in vegetation recovery, manipulation of soil cover should be a key factor in vegetation resilience in these systems.
Prioritising research efforts for effective species conservation: a review of 145 years of koala research
Authors: Ashman Kita R. , Watchorn Darcy J. , Whisson Desley A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

In many countries, more resources are required for the conservation of threatened species than are made available. Australia, the home to many unique mammalian species, has been identified as one of the top seven countries worldwide with the highest biodiversity loss and lowest amount of funding dedicated to conservation. Conservation action is generally determined by what we perceive to be the most significant conservation problems; therefore, identifying potential biases in research effort is crucial for prioritising research actions for effective conservation outcomes.

We reviewed the published literature on the koala Phascolarctos cinereus, a vulnerable arboreal marsupial. Our aim was to assess and quantify research efforts (number of publications) and research coverage (diversity of subject areas) of koala‐related research. We then focused on the research effort of threats to identify primary threats and fields requiring further research.

Using a combination of key words, journal name, study title, and methods, we reviewed and categorised 714 publications to identify the focus of research efforts. We investigated subject area, geographic and temporal publication patterns, and the extent to which primary threats have been addressed.

We found a trend of increasing number of publications with a diversification of threat‐based studies, and identified both geographic and subject bias in research effort. Geographic bias in the volume of research indicates that the level of koala research between regions may be a response to the species’ distribution, status and impact of threats. Research areas ‘anatomy and physiology’ and ‘threats’ received comparatively more research attention than other areas. We found a research bias between threats, with ‘disease’ representing a high percentage of all threat‐based publications. Areas that have been identified but are receiving little research attention include habitat selection and use, along with the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation.
A methodology for obtaining spatiotemporal information of the vehicles on bridges based on computer vision
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhou Liming , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporal information of the vehicles on a bridge is important evidence for reflecting the stress state and traffic density of the bridge. A methodology for obtaining the information is proposed based on computer vision technology, which contains the detection by Faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN), multiple object tracking, and image calibration. For minimizing the detection time, the ZF (Zeiler & Fergus) model with five convolutional layers is selected as the shared part between Region Proposal Network and Fast R‐CNN in Faster R‐CNN. An image data set including 1,694 images is established about eight types of vehicles for training Faster R‐CNN. Combined with the detection of each frame of the video, the methods of multiple object tracking and image calibration are developed for acquiring the vehicle parameters, including the length, number of axles, speed, and the lane that the vehicle is in. The method of tracking is mainly based on the judgment of the distances between the vehicle bounding boxes in virtual detection region. As for image calibration, it is based on the moving standard vehicles whose lengths are known, which can be regarded as the 3D template to calculate the vehicle parameters. After acquiring the vehicles' parameters, the spatiotemporal information of the vehicles can be obtained. The proposed system has a frame rate of 16 fps and only needs two cameras as the input device. The system is successfully applied on a double tower cable‐stayed bridge, and the identification accuracies of the types and number of axles are about 90 and 73% in the virtual detection region, and the speed errors of most vehicles are less than 6%.
Estimating photosynthetic capacity from leaf reflectance and Chl fluorescence by coupling radiative transfer to a model for photosynthesis
Authors: Vilfan Nastassia , van der Tol Christiaan , Verhoef Wouter 
Published: March 2019

Summary

In photosynthesis models following the Farquhar formulation, the maximum carboxylation rate Vcmax is the key parameter. Remote‐sensing indicators, such as reflectance ρ and Chl fluorescence (ChlF), have been proven as valuable estimators of photosynthetic capacity and can be used as a constraint to Vcmax estimation.

We present a methodology to retrieve Vcmax from leaf ρ and ChlF by coupling a radiative transfer model, Fluspect, to a model for photosynthesis. We test its performance against a unique dataset, with combined leaf spectral, gas exchange and pulse‐amplitude‐modulated measurements.

Our results show that the method can estimate the magnitude of Vcmax estimated from the far‐red peak of ChlF and green ρ or transmittance τ, with values of root‐mean‐square error below 10 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1.

At the leaf level, the method could be used for detection of plant stress and tested against more extensive datasets. With a similar scheme devised for the higher spatial scales, such models could provide a comprehensive method to estimate the actual photosynthetic capacity of vegetation.
Linking crude oil prices and Middle East stock markets
Authors: Tawfeeq Mousa , Collins Alan R. , Elbakidze Levan , Zaynutdinova Gulnara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of oil prices (OPs) on stock markets in the Middle Eastern (ME) economies. The focus is on the dynamic relationship between crude OPs and stock market capitalisation (MC) in the ME. We use daily data from nine countries between the years 2001 and 2015 to examine the relationships based on Vector Autoregression (VAR), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Impulse Response Function (IRF). VECM results indicate that there are long‐run linkages between OP and MC in seven ME economies from 2001 to 2015, three countries in the pre‐shale (2001–2008) and four countries in the post‐shale (2009–2015) periods. The VAR models show short‐run causality running from OP to MC in two countries from 2001 to 2015, five countries in pre‐shale and six countries in post‐shale periods. The IRFs verify the relationships between OPs and stock market value for most of the ME markets.
FLOURY ENDOSPERM16 encoding a NAD‐dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase plays an important role in starch synthesis and seed development in rice
Authors: Teng Xuan , Zhong Mingsheng , Zhu Xiaopin , Wang Chunming , Ren Yulong , Wang Yunlong , Zhang Huan , Jiang Ling , Wang Di , Hao Yuanyuan , Wu Mingming , Zhu Jianping , Zhang Xin , Guo Xiuping , Wang Yihua , Wan Jianmin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryStarch is the most important form of energy storage in cereal crops. Many key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis have been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of starch biosynthesis are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a novel floury endosperm rice (Oryza sativa) mutant flo16 with defective starch grain (SG) formation. The amylose content and amylopectin structure were both altered in the flo16 mutant. Map‐based cloning and complementation tests demonstrated that FLO16 encodes a NAD‐dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (CMDH). The ATP contents were decreased in the mutant, resulting in significant reductions in the activity of starch synthesis‐related enzymes. Our results indicated that FLO16 plays a critical role in redox homeostasis that is important for compound SG formation and subsequent starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Overexpression of FLO16 significantly improved grain weight, suggesting a possible application of FLO16 in rice breeding. These findings provide a novel insight into the regulation of starch synthesis and seed development in rice.
Redshifted and Near‐infrared Active Analog Pigments Based upon Archaerhodopsin‐3
Authors: Ganapathy Srividya , Kratz Svenja , Chen Que , Hellingwerf Klaas J. , de Groot Huub J.M. , Rothschild Kenneth J. , de Grip Willem J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArchaerhodopsin‐3 (AR3) is a member of the microbial rhodopsin family of hepta‐helical transmembrane proteins, containing a covalently bound molecule of all‐trans retinal as a chromophore. It displays an absorbance band in the visible region of the solar spectrum (λmax 556 nm) and functions as a light‐driven proton pump in the archaeon Halorubrum sodomense. AR3 and its mutants are widely used in neuroscience as optogenetic neural silencers and in particular as fluorescent indicators of transmembrane potential. In this study, we investigated the effect of analogs of the native ligand all‐trans retinal A1 on the spectral properties and proton‐pumping activity of AR3 and its single mutant AR3 (F229S). While, surprisingly, the 3‐methoxyretinal A2 analog did not redshift the absorbance maximum of AR3, the analogs retinal A2 and 3‐methylamino‐16‐nor‐1,2,3,4‐didehydroretinal (MMAR) did generate active redshifted AR3 pigments. The MMAR analog pigments could even be activated by near‐infrared light. Furthermore, the MMAR pigments showed strongly enhanced fluorescence with an emission band in the near‐infrared peaking around 815 nm. We anticipate that the AR3 pigments generated in this study have widespread potential for near‐infrared exploitation as fluorescent voltage‐gated sensors in optogenetics and artificial leafs and as proton pumps in bioenergy‐based applications.
Obstacles and Motivators for Partnership Formation in a Multidimensional Environment
Authors: Fowler Luke 
Published: March 2019

Partnerships are now essential to public service delivery. However, due to the limitations in collaborative capacity, there are both obstacles and motivators for forming partnerships. Intergovernmental and cross‐sectoral partnerships offer different advantages and disadvantages in extending public service missions in new directions. Using survey data of local air quality agencies, findings determine different factors contribute to partnership and nonpartnership. Further findings suggest partnerships are driven largely by problem severity, but nonpartnership is driven by specific benefits and risks associated with types of partners. Conclusions indicate that understanding nonpartnership is a key to understanding partnership formation.Related ArticlesBurau, Viola, and Carole Clavier. 2018. “Understanding Gaps in the Coexistence between Different Modes of Governance: A Case Study of Public Health in Schools in a Multilevel System.” Politics & Policy 46 (4): 604‐629. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12269Graizbord, Boris, and Jose Luis Gonzalez Granillo. 2019. “Urban Growth and Environmental Concerns: The Venture of the Greater Mexico City Metropolitan Area.” Politics & Policy 47 (1): 178‐206. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12292Porto, Edoardo D., and Sonia Paty. 2018. “Cooperation among Local Governments to Deliver Public Services.” Politics & Policy 46 (5): 790‐820. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12275
Related Media
DeGood, Kevin. 2018. “When Public‐Private Partnerships Fail: A Look at Southern Indiana’s I‐69 Project.” https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2018/02/15/446720/public-private-partnerships-fail-look-southern-indianas-69-project/Fowler, Luke, and Bryant Jones. 2018. “Local Governments and Air Quality Where You Are.” https://thebluereview.org/local-governments-air-quality/
Transdiagnostic trauma severity in anxiety and mood disorders: Functional brain activity during emotional scene processing
Authors: Sambuco Nicola , Bradley Margaret , Herring David , Hillbrandt Katja , Lang Peter J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExposure to traumatic events is not unique to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and is a significant factor in the development of physical and mental disease across the diagnostic spectrum. Using fMRI, this study assesses functional activation in the amygdala and visual cortex during emotional scene processing in a sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients (N = 162). Replicating previous studies with healthy young participants, a strong covariation was found between functional activity in the amygdala and ventral visual cortex, with blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) activity overall significantly enhanced in both regions when viewing emotionally arousing, compared to neutral, scenes. BOLD changes during emotional processing predicted questionnaire reports of experienced trauma and PTSD‐like symptoms (e.g., intrusive thoughts, bad dreams, re‐experiencing) and associated functional impairment. Patients showing the smallest BOLD changes when viewing emotional (compared to neutral) scenes in the amygdala and ventral visual cortex reported the highest trauma scores, whereas those patients with the largest amygdala emotional reactivity differences reported the lowest trauma scores. Experiencing a life‐threatening event (to self or other) that prompts high fear, distress, and functional impairment was associated with reduced functional limbic‐visual activity, independent of a PTSD diagnosis. The findings suggest that experienced trauma may be a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor contributing significantly to psychopathology in many patients with anxiety and mood disorders.
P300 in detecting concealed information and deception: A review
Authors: Rosenfeld J. Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies using the P300 ERP in detection of concealed information are reviewed. An overview of the initial findings, methodological issues, and use of bootstrapping methods for data analysis are considered, with various protocols explicated. Applications to forensic issues, employee screening, cognitive deficit malingering, and facial recognition in lineups are outlined. Countermeasures to the original P300‐based tests are described, and a possible approach to this problem using a new complex‐trial protocol is offered. Applications of this protocol to forensic and antiterror scenarios are then presented, along with its first independent replication. Studies of visual versus auditory stimulus presentation in the complex‐trial protocol are evaluated. Findings from attempted voluntary suppression of P300 as a recognition signal are presented, and the effects of motivational manipulations on the P300‐based complex‐trial protocol are summarized. Limitations of the research are reviewed, and, based on this review, future directions of P300 methods for detection of concealed information and deception are suggested that may guide the development of more precision and reliability of this promising tool.
Cigarette Smoking and Multiple Health Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Regression Model to Identify a Profile of Young Adolescents
Authors: Charrier Lorena , Berchialla Paola , Dalmasso Paola , Borraccino Alberto , Lemma Patrizia , Cavallo Franco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCigarette smoking is often established during adolescence when other health‐related risk behaviors tend to occur. The aim of the study was to further investigate the hypothesis that risky health behaviors tend to cluster together and to identify distinctive profiles of young adolescents based on their smoking habits. To explore the idea that smoking behavior can predict membership in a specific risk profile of adolescents, with heavy smokers being more likely to exhibit other risk behaviors, we reanalyzed the data from the 2014 Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children Italian survey of about 60,000 first‐ and third‐grade junior high school (JHS) and second‐grade high school (HS) students. A Bayesian approach was adopted for selecting the manifest variables associated with smoking; a latent class regression model was employed to identify smoking behaviors among adolescents. Finally, a health‐related risk pattern associated with different types of smoking behaviors was found. Heavy smokers engaged in higher alcohol use and abuse and experienced school failure more often than their peers. Frequent smokers reported below‐average academic achievement and self‐rated their health as fair/poor more frequently than nonsmokers. Lifetime cannabis use and early sexual intercourse were more frequent among heavy smokers. Our findings provide elements for constructing a profile of frequent adolescent smokers and for identifying behavioral risk patterns during the transition from JHS to HS. This may provide an additional opportunity to devise interventions that could be more effective to improve smoking cessation among occasional smokers and to adequately address other risk behaviors among frequent smokers.
International trade and capital accumulation in an overlapping generations model with a public intermediate good
Authors: Shinozaki Tsuyoshi , Tawada Makoto , Yanagihara Mitsuyoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effects of a public intermediate good on trade patterns, capital accumulation, and the gains from trade in a two‐country, three‐sector overlapping generations model. A public intermediate good affects not only the productivity of private production but capital accumulation; thus, the results differ from those obtained in previous studies. First, opening to trade may accelerate capital accumulation in the higher‐savings country. Additionally, the country producing a public intermediate good more (which is labor‐intensive) may be the importer of the investment good (which is the most capital‐intensive). Finally, the lower‐savings country may have lower steady‐state welfare under trade.