bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Novel Approach in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Kostic Marina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe rheumatoid arthritis is chronic disease with progressive course and deteriorations of joints as well as other organs. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is characterized with chronic synovitis and inflammation. The main roles in development of rheumatoid arthritis have auto-reactive T cells and inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6. The management of rheumatoid arthritis has evolved significantly in the past twenty years, especially with introduction new diagnostic criteria by European League for Rheumatoid Arthritis which are very sensitive for early arthritis. The main goal of treating rheumatoid arthritis is to start with therapy in the phase of the disease when destruction of joints can still be prevented. Therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis involve wide palette of different drugs which can be divided into conventional and biological Disease Modifying Anthirheumatic Drugs. The use of methotrexate in combination with biological drugs provide targeting not only structural changes in rheumatoid arthritis but also and immunological pathways in development of rheumatoid arthritis. These drugs synergistically provide clinical remission and low activity of rheumatoid arthritis in the majority of patients. The uses of biological drugs are limited due their high costs or safety profile. In order to reduce costs and toxicity in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, new treat- to –target concept is established. The new class of drugs which modulate signal pathways and activity of tyrosine kinase are under investigations in post marketing surveys in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as in efficacy as in safety issues.
Interleukin-32 in Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Biology
Authors: Pavlovic Mladen , Jovanovic Ivan , Arsenijevic Nebojsa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCytokines are small pleiotropic polypeptids secreted dominantly by the cells of the immune system. These polypeptids are main mediators of innate and acquired immunity, responsible for clonal expansion and differentiation of immune cells, initiation of immune response and enhancing of effector functions of leukocytes. Cytokine-related effects are most studied in the fields of inflammation, immunology, and cancer biology. In this review we discuss one of the most intriguing, recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 32.
Models for preterm cortical development using non invasive clinical EEG
Authors: de Camp Nora Vanessa , Hense Florian , Lecher Bernd , Scheu Helmut , Bergeler Jürgen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the piglet and the mouse as model systems for preterm cortical development. According to the clinical context, we used non invasive EEG recordings. As a prerequisite, we developed miniaturized Ag/AgCl electrodes for full band EEG recordings in mice and verified that Urethane had no effect on EEG band power. Since mice are born with a “preterm” brain, we evaluated three age groups: P0/P1, P3/P4 and P13/P14. Our aim was to identify EEG patterns in the somatosensory cortex which are distinguishable between developmental stages and represent a physiologic brain development. In mice, we were able to find clear differences between age groups with a simple power analysis of EEG bands and also for phase locking and power spectral density. Interhemispheric coherence between corresponding regions can only be seen in two week old mice. The canolty maps for piglets as well as for mice show a clear PAC (phase amplitude coupling) pattern during development. From our data it can be concluded that analytic tools relying on network activity, as for example PAC (phase amplitude coupling) are best suited to extract basic EEG patterns of cortical development across species.
Rows of corner- and face-sharing Mg4 tetrahedra arranged as hexagonal rod packing in the hexagonal Laves phases REMg2 and the rare earth-rich phases RE
9CoMg4 (RE=Y, Dy-Tm, Lu)
Authors: Stein Sebastian , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Six new rare earth metal-rich intermetallic compounds RE
9CoMg4 with RE=Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Lu were synthesized by induction-melting the elements in sealed niobium ampoules followed by annealing in muffle furnaces. The structures of Y9CoMg4 and Tm8.56CoMg4.44 were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data: P63/mmc, a=965.65(6), c=971.07(5) pm, wR2=0.0599, 614 F
2 values, 20 variables for Y9CoMg4 and a=945.20(4), c=953.11(5) pm, wR2=0.0358, 585 F
2 values, 21 variables for Tm8.56CoMg4.44 (a small homogeneity range results from Tm/Mg mixing). The RE
9CoMg4 phases crystallize with a coloring variant of the aristotype Co2Al5. The striking structural motif is a hexagonal rod packing of rows of corner- and face-sharing tetrahedral Mg4 clusters with Mg–Mg distances ranging from 304 to 317 pm in Y9CoMg4. These rows are similar to the hexagonal Laves phases REMg2. The space between the rows is filled with rows of face-sharing Co@Y6 trigonal prisms (TP) and empty Y6 octahedra (O) in the sequence –TP–O–O–. The many isopointal coloring variants of the aristotype Co2Al5 are briefly discussed.
Equiatomic rare earth rhodium plumbides RERhPb (RE=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) with ZrNiAl-type structure
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The equiatomic plumbides RERhPb (RE=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) were synthesized by induction melting of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, confirming their ZrNiAl-type structure, space group P6̅2m. Four structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=769.42(5), c=415.60(3) pm, wR=0.0415, 343 F
2 values, 15 variables for LaRhPb, a=767.91(6), c=369.37(4) pm, wR=0.0798, 284 F
2 values, 15 variables for ErRhPb, a=767.01(8), c=366.21(4) pm, wR=0.0380, 341 F
2 values, 15 variables for YbRhPb and a=766.9(1), c=363.42(6) pm, wR=0.0699, 290 F
2 values, 15 variables for LuRhPb. The RERhPb plumbides contain two crystallographically independent rhodium atoms, both in tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination: Rh1@Pb3
RE
6 and Rh2@RE
6Pb3. Short Rh–Pb distances (277 and 284 pm in ErRhPb) are indicative of covalent Rh–Pb bonding. The crystal chemical details of the RERhPb series are compared with the silver plumbides REAgPb which show different transition metal-lead coloring. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data show Pauli paramagnetism for YRhPb, LaRhPb and LuRhPb. An antiferromagnetic ground state below the Néel temperatures of 13.5, 21.0 and 6.9 K was found for PrRhPb, TbRhPb and DyRhPb, respectively. HoRhPb exhibits Curie-Weiss behavior in the observed temperature range.
Flavonoids and triterpenes from Combretum fragrans with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential
Authors: Dawé Amadou , Mbiantcha Marius , Yakai Fawai , Jabeen Almas , Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Lateef Mehreen , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Despite the well-documented benefits of Combretum fragrans in Cameroon, only few scientific works have been done on it. In this study we isolated eight compounds from the leaves extract of C. fragrans: velutin (1), belamcanidin (2), cirsilineol (3), cirsimaritin (4), 3β-acetoxy-20,24-epoxy-11,25-hydroxy-dammarane (5), combretin A (6), combretin B (7) and a mixture of arjunolic acid (8a) and asiatic acid (8b). Compounds 6 and 7 presented potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Compounds 1, 3, 5 and the mixture of 8a and 8b were significantly active, and compounds 2 and 4 presented moderate activity for reactive oxygen species inhibitory and free-radical scavenging. All compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques; their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and their spectroscopic data compared with those of the literature. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via the oxidative burst assay using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence technique, antioxidant activity by free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and antidiabetic activity via α-glucosidase inhibition. All of the isolated compounds (1–8) were reported to exhibit significant antioxidant activity. Compounds 1, 3, and 5–8 exhibited potent chemiluminescence inhibition effect, and only compounds 6 and 7 inhibited α-glucosidase. Thus, C. fragrans can be used as an effective natural source of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds.
Role of Rostral Fastigial Neurons in Encoding a Body-Centered Representation of Translation in Three Dimensions
Authors: Martin Christophe Z. , Brooks Jessica X. , Green Andrea M. 
Published: February 2018

Many daily behaviors rely critically on estimates of our body motion. Such estimates must be computed by combining neck proprioceptive signals with vestibular signals that have been transformed from a head- to a body-centered reference frame. Recent studies showed that deep cerebellar neurons in the rostral fastigial nucleus (rFN) reflect these computations, but whether they explicitly encode estimates of body motion remains unclear. A key limitation in addressing this question is that, to date, cell tuning properties have only been characterized for a restricted set of motions across head-re-body orientations in the horizontal plane. Here we examined, for the first time, how 3D spatiotemporal tuning for translational motion varies with head-re-body orientation in both horizontal and vertical planes in the rFN of male macaques. While vestibular coding was profoundly influenced by head-re-body position in both planes, neurons typically reflected at most a partial transformation. However, their tuning shifts were not random but followed the specific spatial trajectories predicted for a 3D transformation. We show that these properties facilitate the linear decoding of fully body-centered motion representations in 3D with a broad range of temporal characteristics from small groups of 5–7 cells. These results demonstrate that the vestibular reference frame transformation required to compute body motion is indeed encoded by cerebellar neurons. We propose that maintaining partially transformed rFN responses with different spatiotemporal properties facilitates the creation of downstream body motion representations with a range of dynamic characteristics, consistent with the functional requirements for tasks such as postural control and reaching.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEstimates of body motion are essential for many daily activities. Vestibular signals are important contributors to such estimates but must be transformed from a head- to a body-centered reference frame. Here, we provide the first direct demonstration that the cerebellum computes this transformation fully in 3D. We show that the output of these computations is reflected in the tuning properties of deep cerebellar rostral fastigial nucleus neurons in a specific distributed fashion that facilitates the efficient creation of body-centered translation estimates with a broad range of temporal properties (i.e., from acceleration to position). These findings support an important role for the rostral fastigial nucleus as a source of body translation estimates functionally relevant for behaviors ranging from postural control to perception.
How Surrogate and Chemical Genetics in Model Organisms Can Suggest Therapies for Human Genetic Diseases
Authors: Strynatka Katherine A , Gurrola-Gal Michelle C , Berman Jason N , McMaster Christopher R 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Genetic diseases are both inherited and acquired. Many genetic diseases fall under the paradigm of orphan diseases, a disease found in &lt; 1 in 2000 persons. With rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing becoming the norm, many causal mutations for genetic diseases are being rapidly determined. In this regard, model organisms are playing an important role in validating if specific mutations identified in patients drive the observed phenotype. An emerging challenge for model organism researchers is the application of genetic and chemical genetic platforms to discover drug targets and drugs/drug-like molecules for potential treatment options for patients with genetic disease. This review provides an overview of how model organisms have contributed to our understanding of genetic disease, with a focus on the roles of yeast and zebrafish in gene discovery and the identification of compounds that could potentially treat human genetic diseases.
A Phase II Study of Tumor Ablation in Patients with Metastatic Sarcoma Stable on Chemotherapy
Authors: Hirbe Angela C. , Jennings Jack , Saad Nael , Giardina Joseph D. , Tao Yu , Luo Jingqin , Berry Shellie , Toeniskoetter Jacqui , Van Tine Brian A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Ablation therapy appears to be a reasonably safe and effective approach to obtain a significant treatment-free interval for a subset of patients with limited sites of metastatic disease for which systemic control can be obtained with six cycles of chemotherapy.

Background
Metastatic sarcoma often becomes resistant to treatment by chemotherapy. There is sometimes prolonged stable disease from active chemotherapy that provides a window of opportunity for an intervention to prolong disease-free survival.

Materials and Methods
We performed a phase II study in patients with metastatic sarcoma who had been stable on six cycles of chemotherapy who then received ablation therapy to their residual disease. Histologies captured in this study included leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, pleiomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, and myxoid liposarcoma. Sites ablated included lung metastases and retroperitoneal metastatic deposits. In this study, up to three lesions were ablated in any given interventional radiology session. After ablation, patients were not treated with any further therapy but were followed by surveillance imaging to determine progression-free rate (PFR).

Results
Although terminated early because of slow accrual, this study demonstrated a 3-month PFR of 75% for this cohort of eight patients treated with ablation performed after completion of six cycles of chemotherapy with stable disease. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 19.74 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached.

Conclusion
Our data are the first prospective study to suggest that ablation therapy in selected patients who are stable on chemotherapy can provide a significant progression-free interval off therapy and warrants further study in a randomized trial.
Conference Session I: Mitigating Risk at the Front Lines: The Copyright First Responders Program. Presented by Kyle Courtney, Copyright Advisor, the Office for Scholarly Communication, Harvard University.
Authors: Benson Sara R. 
Published: February 2018

This is a summary of Kyle Courtney's Invited Presentation at the 2017 Kraemer Copyright Conference titled "Mitigating Risk at the Front Lines: The Copyright First Responders Program." After reading this article you will better understand the method and purpose of the First Responders Program and, hopefully, like me, you will be ready to volunteer your institution to add to the growing list of libraries engaged in this hub-and-spoke model of copyright information system.
Relaciones entre los movimientos cívicos por los servicios públicos y los medios de comunicación, el caso de la Tebaida Quindío
Authors: Espinosa Pérez Milton Jairo 
Published: February 2018

Este ensayo sobre acciones colectivas, sociedad civil y medios de comunicación analiza la relación que existe entre estas tres categorías, tomando como antecedentes sincrónicos, la base de datos elaborada por los estudiantes de Sociología Política. Teniendo en cuenta que la unidad de análisis básica son las protestas de la ciudadanía en contra del alza en las tarifas de los servicios públicos domiciliarios, como fue el caso analizado en las protestas de la de población en la Tebaida, Quindío. El análisis se focaliza en el rol que juegan los medios de comunicación en la construcción de la opinión pública (lenguaje de comunicación), con respecto a la compresión adecuada de las acciones que realiza la sociedad civil. En este texto se mira de manera crítica como los medios de comunicación son predominantemente utilizados por los sectores dominantes de la nación para ejercer un control social y político de las acciones sociales de la ciudadanía.
Maternal and fetal outcome in oligohydramnios: study from a tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Ghosh Runoo , Oza Heena , Padhiyar Bhakti 
Published: February 2018

Background: Most severe and frequent complication of pregnancy is Oligohydramnios and the incidence of this is observed to be about 1-5 % of total pregnancies. Objective of present study was to find the maternal and perinatal outcome, etiology associated with oligohydramnios at tertiary care hospital.Methods: This prospective study was done among 55 patients with gestational age from 30-40wks with Oligohydramnios AFI<5cms with intact membranes were analysed for perinatal outcomes admitted at department of obstetrics and Gynecology in B.J. Medical college, Ahmedabad during July 2008 to July 2010.Results: 65.5% participants were belonged to 20 to 25 age group and 35.5% participants were Primigravida. Mean age was 23.9±3.3 years and mean gestation age was 36.9 week. Almost 72.2% were in 34 to 37 weeks of gestational age. Study found FMC <10 in 56.4% of participants. Forty percent participants have AFI 4 and 27.3% have AFI 5. 47.3% delivery was done by vaginal route. 5.5% baby was still birth and prematurity were the most common cause of still birth. Around 71% babies were low birth weight and congenital anomalies were present in 7.3% babies. APGAR score measured <7 at 1 minute was in 65.4% and <7 at 5 minutes was in 43.6% babies.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios in obstetrics is a frequent occurrence and it points towards intensive surveillance and proper ante-natal and post-natal care. Due to high perinatal morbidity and mortality, the incidence of LSCS increases. However, vaginal delivery has similar outcome, but strict vigilance in labor is mandatory.
Trans-oral incisionless fundoplication vs stretta, two recognized endoluminal anti-reflux therapies; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Obuobi Reece-Bolton , Viswanath Yirupaiahgari , Sathasivam Rajeev , Bussa Gopinath , Gill Talvinder , Reddy Anil , Shanmugam Venkat , Gilliam Andy , Thambi Prem 
Published: February 2018

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is common with a prevalence of 10-20% in the Western World. During the last two decades, amongst introduced several endo-luminal techniques, evidence has emerged about the efficacy and safety of two treatment modalities for GORD; 'Stretta' procedure and trans-oral incisionless fundoplication (TIF)' or EsophyX. Author in this study aim to conduct a systematic review of published 'level 1' evidence, to evaluate all evidence on the efficacy of Stretta procedure and TIF (EsophyX) for the management of GORD. A robust literature that included RCT trials only, searched on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library was undertaken from January 2007 until January 2017. The outcomes were normalisation of oesophageal pH values, augmentation of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score, and ability to stop or reduce PPI after procedure. For quality assurance purposes, two researchers were involved in the data collection process and its analysis. Author collected data from 9 RCT trials, 3 for Stretta and 6 for EsophyX. From the Stretta trials 101 patients were recruited, 92 patients were analyzed. Of the EsophyX trials, 3 of six papers were from single trial. A total of 296 patients were included and 203 were analysed. The pooled results show both stretta and esophyX significantly improved GORD symptoms. In a meta-analysis of trials, author found that both Stretta and EsophyX significantly improves GERD-HRQL score and enables patients to reduce or stop PPI intake compared with sham/PPI therapy alone. The overall quality of evidence is superior for EsophyX than it is for Stretta.
Poligami menurut Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd: studi atas pengaruh pemikiran tafsir terhadap penetapan hukum
Authors: Surahman Cucu 
Published: February 2018

This article examines Nasr Abu Zayd’s (d. 2010) thought of tafsir and takes a close look at its implementation when he interprets “polygamy verses”. With library research method and content analysis, I conclude that Abu Zayd uses thematic method of interpretation, by using contextual analysis approach. This method is similar to Fazlur Rahman’s Double Movement method. Abu Zayd’s contextual interpretation theory (al-qira’ah al-siyaqiyyah) operates in the following steps; first, turn to the meaning (ma’na) of the text in its historical and cultural context (tarikhiyyat al-dalalah); and second, implement its significance (maghza) in contemporary context. Based on his contextual analysis (al-qira’ah al-siyaqiyyah) to polygamy verses, Abu Zayd concludes that polygamy is not the final purpose Islamic teaching (shari’ah al-Islamiyah). Polygamy is a temporal decision which is related to the very tight prerequisites. According to him, the significance (maghza) of the Qur’an text talking about polygamy is however justice and equality. Otherwise, Abu Zayd says that the implicit (maskut ‘anhu) final purpose of the revelation of “polygamy related-verses” are monogamy.
Riesgo cardiovascular: análisis basado en las tablas de Framingham en pacientes asistidos en la unidad ambulatoria 309, IESS – Sucúa
Authors: Arboleda Carvajal Mishel Stefania , García Yánez Alan Rafael 
Published: February 2018

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en el mundo y en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, no se dispone de suficiente documentación sobre la prevalencia y la distribución de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población Latinoamericana.El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes asistidos en la Unidad de Atención Ambulatoria 309 de la ciudad de Sucúa – Morona Santiago; para ello se empleó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, cuyo universo de estudio está constituido por un total de 732 pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Atención Ambulatoria 309 IESS y se trabajó con una muestra de 249 pacientes. Como método se utilizó una entrevista estructurada, la técnica fue una encuesta sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular; como instrumento de recolección de datos se empleó un formulario con un instructivo, variables socio-demográficas, variables de estudio.Al final del estudio se pudo determinar que el riesgo cardiovascular bajo se presenta en la mayoría de la muestra (96,8%), seguido por el riesgo cardiovascular moderado con un 2,8%, y finalmente un 0,4% de presencia de riesgo cardiovascular alto. Se pudo concluir que en los pacientes que presentaron riesgo cardiovascular elevado, el factor asociado que influye directamente en su alimentación (HDL, colesterol sérico), IMC, presencia de diabetes, y presión arterial sistólica. La existencia de un mejor estilo de vida, estado nutricional y alimentación, podría tener un mejor resultado en la prevención de factor de riesgo cardiovascular.