bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Memory Polyurethane Foams With Tunable Mechanical Properties and Radiation Tolerance for Breast Repair and Reconstruction
Authors: Chung Kawun , Feng Xiaojuan , Jiang Yuanzhang , Li Ka , Chen Jianming , Han Yanting , Tan Lin , Du Zhenggui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study developed a shape memory polyurethane foam (SM‐PUF) with tunable mechanical properties and exceptional radiation tolerance for potentially implanting tissue defects after mastectomy. The PUFs were synthesized via an in situ foaming strategy using water as a foaming agent, incorporating 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as the rigid segment and both polyoxytetramethylene glycol and polycaprolactone as the soft segment. The resultant PUFs possess an open‐cell structure with a pore size of 30 ~ 800 μm, which achieves a compressive stress of 0.04 MPa under 70% compression strain and a tensile elongation of 667.9%. PUFs exhibit body temperature (37°C)‐responsive softening and shape memory abilities, with recovery and fixation ratios reaching 88% and 98%, respectively. It was verified that PUFs can resist 40 Gy radiotherapy without changing their mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This study introduces an innovative approach to produce customizable foam for the reconstruction of implant prostheses for the breast.
Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid Against Cadmium‐Induced Toxicity in the Placenta and Fetus of Rats
Authors: Başeğmez Mehmet , Karakaya Yeliz Arman , Kan Fahriye , Gök Soner , Doğan Muhammed Fatih 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the protective role of l‐ascorbic acid in a pregnant rat model of cadmium‐induced toxicity. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can seriously harm placenta and fetus tissue in pregnant women. Forty‐two healthy female Wistar albino rats (250–300 g weight and 14–16 weeks) were randomly distributed into six equal groups (n = 7): control, cadmium 1 mg (CD1), cadmium 5 mg (CD5), ascorbic acid (AA), CD1+AA, CD5+AA. Cadmium was administered to pregnant rats by oral gavage every other day, and/or AA (200 mg) was administered every day. At the end of pregnancy (Day 21), blood, placenta, and fetuses were collected from rats. The results indicated that cadmium‐induced oxidative stress by increasing the level of MDA and by decreasing the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT activity in the serum of maternal. However, AA administration significantly decreased MDA levels and increased GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activity (p < 0.05). Cadmium (5 mg/kg) exposure significantly increased creatinine levels compared to AA and CD1+AA groups (p < 0.05). In addition, AA (200 mg/kg) significantly attenuated cadmium‐induced histopathological alteration in the placental and fetal tissues. In conclusion, AA may prevent cadmium toxicity in maternal and fetal tissues, as it regulates oxidative imbalance in pregnant rat tissues and alleviates histopathological changes.
Physio‐Mechanic and Microscopic Analyses of Bioactive Glass‐Based Resin Infiltrants
Authors: Ahmed Syed Zubairuddin , Khan Abdul Samad , Nasser Wejdan Waleed , Alrushaid Methayel Abdulrahman , Alfaraj Zahrah Mohammed , Aljeshi Moayad Mohammed , Shah Asma Tufail , Sabri Budi Aslinie Md , Akhtar Sultan , Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim Abu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and durability of bioactive glass‐based dental resin infiltrants. Resin infiltrants were formulated by combining photoinitiated dimethacrylate monomers with three variations of bioactive glass: 45S5 Bioglass (RIS), boron‐substituted (RIB), fluoride‐substituted (RIF), and pure resins (PR), whereby TOOTH group (TH) and ICON (CN) served as commercial control groups. Teeth samples were prepared, and experimental and control infiltrants were applied on demineralized human‐extracted teeth. All the samples were subjected to immersion in artificial saliva and pH cycling for 30 days. The samples from another group underwent tooth brushing simulation for 9600 cycles. Following artificial saliva immersion, the samples' hardness values showed that RIB had the highest values (318.44 ± 3.83) while PR (212.52 ± 9.02) had the lowest values. After immersing into the pH cycling solution, the RIF showed the highest hardness (286.86 ± 5.11), while the lowest values for the CN (143.76 ± 3.50). After the tooth brushing simulation, the teeth samples with RIB showed maximum microhardness values (312.06 ± 16.30) and the weakest for the TH (189.60 ± 6.43). The commercial and experimental enamel resin infiltrants showed almost similar results overall, with RIB demonstrating better microhardness and comparable surface roughness. In contrast, RIF proved more resistant to pH cycling, exhibited higher microhardness, and performed better in surface roughness analysis. These findings suggest that resin infiltrant materials, especially RIF, have promising potential for effectively and esthetically managing white spot lesions.
Integrative analyses of genetic mechanisms responsible for bone–fat imbalance in osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tao Zhengbo , Zhang Yuhe , Zhang Zhanrong , Zhang Weijin , Zhang Xuanrui , Zhao Jinzhu , Tao Chunsheng , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis manifests through adipocyte accrual and osteoblast diminution within bone marrow. However, the precise mechanisms driving the shift from osteogenesis to adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain largely undefined. In this study, we harnessed the power of bioinformatic tools to analyze gene expression patterns of BMSCs during adipogenic differentiation and osteoporosis using the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories (GSE113253 and GSE35956), complemented by in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate the findings. Five distinct expression profiles of differentially expressed genes across the adipogenic timeline were identified. The initial phase is marked by ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing, which is followed by the metabolism of organic acids and processing of inorganic ions. In contrast, the terminal phase is characterized by lipid transport, accumulation, and metabolism, alongside inorganic cation metabolism, thereby underscoring unique transcriptional signatures during the early and late stages of adipogenic differentiation. In BMSCs derived from osteoporotic samples, there is a notable decline in cellular proliferation and a diminished osteogenic capacity. Critically, the genes common to both adipogenesis and osteoporosis in BMSCs are predominantly involved in the negative regulation of Wnt signaling and cellular proliferation. Key genes including SOCS1, MYC, CEBPB, FYN, AXIN2, and RXRA are identified and show downregulation in BMSCs from aged mice. Subsequent in vitro experiments have validated the regulatory influence of RXRA on both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiations of BMSCs, highlighting its crucial role as a central modulator in bone formation and the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
Development of a Dual‐Plane MRI‐Based Deep Learning Model to Assess the 1‐Year Postoperative Outcomes in Lumbar Disc Herniation After Tubular Microdiscectomy
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Lin Fabin , Liao Zulin , Wang Yongjiang , Zhang Tingxin , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTubular microdiscectomy (TMD) is a treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Although the combination of MRI and deep learning (DL) has shown promise, its application in evaluating postoperative outcomes in TMD has not been fully explored.Purpose/HypothesisTo evaluate whether integrating preoperative dual‐plane MRI‐based DL features with clinical features can assess 1‐year outcomes in TMD for LDH.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/SubjectsThe study involved 548 patients who underwent TMD between January 2016 and January 2021. Training set (N = 305, mean age 51.85 ± 13.84 years, 56.4% male). Internal validation set (N = 131, mean age 51.85 ± 13.84 years, 54.2% male). External validation set (N = 112, mean age 51.54 ± 14.43 years, 50.9% male).Field Strength/Sequence3 T MRI with sagittal and transverse T2‐weighted sequences (Fast Spin Echo).AssessmentGround truth labels were based on improvement rate in 1‐year Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. Information on 42 preoperative clinical features was collected. The largest protrusions were identified from T2 MRI by three clinicians and were used to train deep learning models (ResNet50, ResNet101, and ResNet152) to extract DL features. After feature selection, three models were built, namely, clinical, DL, and combined models.Statistical TestsChi‐square or Fisher's exact tests was used for group comparisons. Quantitative differences were analyzed using the t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant. Models were validated on internal and external datasets using metrics such as the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe AUCs of the clinical models achieved 0.806 (internal) and 0.779 (external). ResNet152 performed best in three DL models, with AUCs of 0.858 (internal) and 0.834 (external). The combined model achieved AUCs of 0.889 (internal) and 0.857 (external).Data ConclusionA model combining preoperative dual‐plane MRI DL features and clinical features can assess 1‐year outcomes of TMD for LDH.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Effect of chickpea on the physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant, and organoleptic characterization of corn extrudates
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Maan Abid Aslam , Nazir Akmal , Khan Muhammad Imran Mehmood , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDReady‐to‐eat snacks are very popular. However, they have a high glycemic index and lack proteins & micronutrients. This study prepared protein‐enriched corn extrudates by adding chickpea grit supplements at varying concentrations (0–100 g kg−1).RESULTSThe protein contents of 100 g kg−1 supplemented extrudates increased by 66.66% and dietary fiber contents increased by 48.02% in comparison with the control. Bulk density increased by 1.46 times. However, the expansion ratio, porosity, and water absorption index decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The health‐promoting characteristics of the extrudates increased in comparison with the control sample, i.e., total phenolic content increasing by 17.84%, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) contents by 11.38%, and 2,2‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) content by 9.59%. Likewise, the potassium contents increased by 24.63% with the inclusion of 10% chickpea in corn extrudates. Sensory evaluation revealed that corn extrudates with up to 60 g kg−1 added chickpea achieved the highest acceptability among panelists.CONCLUSIONThe addition of chickpea produced corn extrudates with higher protein and mineral content, which could mitigate malnutrition. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improvement of the color of potato chips from cold‐stored tubers by pretreatment with ultrasonication
Authors: Wibowo Condro , Smit Inga , Pawelzik Elke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow‐temperature sweetening is a crucial aspect in the potato chips industry because of the initiation of browning. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonication on the concentrations of reducing sugars, sucrose, asparagine and chip color on tubers with different characteristics. Therefore, samples of the cultivars (cvs.) Nicola, Laura and Golden Wonder were used in this study. The tubers were initially stored at 4 °C and a relative humidity of 90% for 18 weeks. Ultrasonication was applied at 25 and 50 °C for 10, 20 and 30 min.RESULTSThe results showed that ultrasonication contributed to improve the color of the chips produced from the chip cultivar (cv. Golden Wonder), as well as the non‐chip cultivars (cvs. Nicola and Laura). The concentration of reducing sugars and sucrose is the main factor for the color development of the chips. Increased temperature and extended ultrasonication duration correlate with more pronounced cell wall disruption.CONCLUSIONThe present study revealed that ultrasonication could be considered as a pretreatment for production of chips from cold‐stored tubers. However, it is necessary to validate the feasibility of this application in an upscaled process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the Creation of Patient Information on Laryngology Topics
Authors: Tran Quynh‐Lam , Huynh Pauline P. , Le Bryan , Jiang Nancy 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the readability and quality of patient information generated by Chat‐Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer‐3.5 (ChatGPT) and the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) using validated instruments including Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease, DISCERN, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT‐P).MethodsENTHealth.org and ChatGPT‐3.5 were queried for patient information on laryngology topics. ChatGPT‐3.5 was queried twice for a given topic to evaluate for reliability. This generated three de‐identified text documents for each topic: one from AAO‐HNS and two from ChatGPT (ChatGPT Output 1, ChatGPT Output 2). Grade level and reading ease were compared between the three sources using a one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Independent t‐tests were used to compare DISCERN and PEMAT understandability and actionability scores between AAO‐HNS and ChatGPT Output 1.ResultsMaterial generated from ChatGPT Output 1 and ChatGPT Output 2 were at least two reading grade levels higher than that of material from AAO‐HNS (p < 0.001). Regarding reading ease, ChatGPT Output 1 and ChatGPT Output 2 documents had significantly lower mean scores compared to AAO‐HNS (p < 0.001). Moreover, ChatGPT Output 1 material on vocal cord paralysis had a lower PEMAT‐P understandability compared to that of AAO‐HNS material (p > 0.05).ConclusionPatient information on the ENTHealth.org website for select laryngology topics was, on average, of a lower grade level and higher reading ease compared to that produced by ChatGPT, but interestingly with largely no difference in the quality of information provided.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
α‐Trifluoromethylated Quinolines as Safe and Storable PET‐Donor for Radical Polymerizations.
Authors: Fall Arona , Tintori Guillaume , Rollet Marion , Zhao Yuxi , Avenel Amandine , Charles Laurence , Bergé‐Lefranc David , Clément Jean Louis , Redon Sébastien , Gigmes Didier , Huix‐Rotllant Miquel , Vanelle Patrice , Broggi Julie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the quest for powerful, safe, and storable photoinduced‐electron transfer (PET) donors, the attention is turned to the α‐trihalomethylated amine moiety that is not studied in the context of PET‐reductants. The thermal and photophysical properties of α‐trifluoromethylated quinolines are thus studied and their reducing abilities evaluated as initiators of polymerization reactions. Polymers of high molecular weights are obtained through a radical polymerization process and the PET‐donor can be stored within the monomer for several months without losing its efficiency. Mechanistic investigations, combining spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations, confirm the mode of activation of these electron donors and the generation of radical intermediates through single electron transfer.
Identifying and Predicting Risk for Hospital Admission among Patients with Parkinsonism
Authors: Tenison Emma , McGrogan Anita , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with parkinsonism are more likely than age‐matched controls to be admitted to hospital. It may be possible to reduce the cost and negative impact by identifying patients at highest risk and intervening to reduce hospital‐related costs. Predictive models have been developed in nonparkinsonism populations.ObjectivesThe aims were to (1) describe the reasons for admission, (2) describe the rates of hospital admission/emergency department attendance over time, and (3) use routine data to risk stratify unplanned hospital attendance in people with parkinsonism.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, a large UK primary care database, linked to hospital admission and emergency department attendance data. The primary diagnoses for nonelective admissions were categorized, and the frequencies were compared between parkinsonism cases and matched controls. Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the risk of any and multiple admissions, respectively, for patients with parkinsonism.ResultsThere were 9189 patients with parkinsonism and 45,390 controls. The odds of emergency admission more than doubled from 2010 to 2019 (odds ratio [OR] 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96, 2.76; P‐value for trend <0.001). Pneumonia was the most common reason for admission among cases, followed by urinary tract infection. Increasing age, multimorbidity, parkinsonism duration, deprivation, and care home residence increased the odds of admission. Rural location was associated with reduced OR for admission (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70, 0.89).ConclusionsOur risk stratification tool may enable empirical targeting of interventions to reduce admission risk for parkinsonism patients.
Flexible Impedance Matching in a Self‐Diplexing Patch Antenna
Authors: Chandelkar Ashish , Kumar Arvind 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a new approach to achieve flexible impedance matching in a self‐diplexing conventional patch antenna by using paired vias for impedance bandwidth tunability. The antenna design incorporates a rectangular radiating patch, an orthogonal arrangement of a couple of paired vias, and a bottom ground plane. The patch is excited with the help of two orthogonal microstrip feeds aligned along the centerline of the broadside and narrow sides of the patch. The orthogonal vias set enables dynamic impedance matching in two frequency bands, lower and upper ranging from 2 to 3 GHz. Optimized via placement achieves high decoupling between input ports, facilitating the self‐diplexing phenomenon. To validate the proposed concept, a prototype with patch dimensions of has been analyzed, fabricated, and subjected to comprehensive experimental study. The experimental results demonstrate the successful realization of two distinct operating frequency bands, centered around 2.47 and 2.66 GHz, each exhibiting peak gain values of 5.75 and 6.31 dBi, respectively. The input port isolation values are noteworthy, measuring at −34B and −29.5 dB for lower and upper operating frequency bands, respectively. The design offers a low‐profile, minimally coupled structure with independent band control and the unique ability to simultaneously transmit and receive signals.
Oxygen consumption measurements at ultra‐high dose rate over a wide LET range
Authors: Karle Celine , Liew Hans , Tessonnier Thomas , Mein Stewart , Petersson Kristoffer , Schömers Christian , Scheloske Stefan , Brons Stephan , Cee Rainer , Major Gerald , Haberer Thomas , Abdollahi Amir , Debus Jürgen , Dokic Ivana , Mairani Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of radiolytic oxygen consumption for the in‐vitro “Ultra‐High Dose Rate” (UHDR) sparing and in‐vivo FLASH effect is subject to active debate, but data on key dependencies such as the radiation quality are lacking.PurposeThe influence of “dose‐averaged Linear Energy Transfer” (LETd) and dose rate on radiolytic oxygen consumption was investigated by monitoring the oxygen concentration during irradiation with electrons, protons, helium, carbon, and oxygen ions at UHDR and “Standard Dose Rates” (SDR).MethodsSealed “Bovine Serum Albumin” (BSA) 5% samples were exposed to 15 Gy of electrons and protons, and for the first time helium, carbon, and oxygen ions with LETd values of 1, 5.4, 14.4, 65, and 100.3 keV/µm, respectively, delivered at mean dose rates of either 0.3–0.4 Gy/s for SDR or approximately 100 Gy/s for UHDR. The Oxylite (Oxford Optronics) system allowed measurements of the oxygen concentration before and after irradiation to calculate the oxygen consumption rate.ResultsThe oxygen consumption rate was found to decrease with increasing LETd from 0.351 mmHg/Gy for low LET electrons to 0.1796 mmHg/Gy for high LET oxygen ions at SDR and for UHDR from 0.317 to 0.1556 mmHg/Gy, respectively. A higher consumption rate for SDR irradiation compared to the corresponding UHDR irradiation persisted for all particle types.ConclusionThe measured consumption rates demonstrate a distinct LETd dependence. The obtained dataset, encompassing a wide range of LETd values, could serve as a benchmark for Monte Carlo simulations, which may aid in enhancing our comprehension of oxygen‐related mechanisms after irradiations. Ultimately, they could help assess the viability of different hypotheses regarding UHDR sparing mechanisms and the FLASH effect. The found LETd dependence underscores the potential of heavy ion therapy, wherein elevated consumption rates in adjacent normal tissue offer protective benefits, while leaving tumor regions with generally higher “Linear Energy Transfer” (LET) vulnerable.
A vessel bifurcation liver CT landmark pair dataset for evaluating deformable image registration algorithms
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Criscuolo Edward Robert , Hao Yao , McKeown Trevor , Yang Deshan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeEvaluating deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms is vital for enhancing algorithm performance and gaining clinical acceptance. However, there is a notable lack of dependable DIR benchmark datasets for assessing DIR performance except for lung images. To address this gap, we aim to introduce our comprehensive liver computed tomography (CT) DIR landmark dataset library. This dataset is designed for efficient and quantitative evaluation of various DIR methods for liver CTs, paving the way for more accurate and reliable image registration techniques.Acquisition and validation methodsForty CT liver image pairs were acquired from several publicly available image archives and authors’ institutions under institutional review board (IRB) approval. The images were processed with a semi‐automatic procedure to generate landmark pairs: (1) for each case, liver vessels were automatically segmented on one image; (2) landmarks were automatically detected at vessel bifurcations; (3) corresponding landmarks in the second image were placed using two deformable image registration methods to avoid algorithm‐specific biases; (4) a comprehensive validation process based on quantitative evaluation and manual assessment was applied to reject outliers and ensure the landmarks’ positional accuracy. This workflow resulted in an average of ∼56 landmark pairs per image pair, comprising a total of 2220 landmarks for 40 cases. The general landmarking accuracy of this procedure was evaluated using digital phantoms and manual landmark placement. The landmark pair target registration errors (TRE) on digital phantoms were 0.37 ± 0.26 and 0.55 ± 0.34 mm respectively for the two selected DIR algorithms used in our workflow, with 97% of landmark pairs having TREs below 1.5 mm. The distances from the calculated landmarks to the averaged manual placement were 1.27 ± 0.79 mm.Data format and usage notesAll data, including image files and landmark information, are publicly available at Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/13738577). Instructions for using our data can be found on our GitHub page at https://github.com/deshanyang/Liver‐DIR‐QA.Potential applicationsThe landmark dataset generated in this work is the first collection of large‐scale liver CT DIR landmarks prepared on real patient images. This dataset can provide researchers with a dense set of ground truth benchmarks for the quantitative evaluation of DIR algorithms within the liver.