bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin Improves Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota‐Bile Acid‐FXR Axis in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice
Authors: Hui Suocheng , Liu Yang , Chen Mengting , Wang Xiaolan , Lang Hedong , Zhou Min , Yi Long , Mi Mantian 
Published: September 2019

ScopePrevious studies have linked dietary capsaicin (CAP) intake to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods and resultsType 2 diabetic db/db mice are fed a chow diet with or without CAP treatment for 8 weeks. CAP administration markedly improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity through decreasing gluconeogenesis and increasing glycogen synthesis in the liver. Furthermore, CAP inhibits the increase in abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and its bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity compared with levels in chow‐fed mice, thereby leading to the accumulation of tauro‐β‐muricholic acid (TβMCA), a natural antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) that is involved in the regulation of BA and glucose metabolism. CAP‐induced suppression of enterohepatic FXR‐fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling contributes to the increased BA pool size, followed by increases in the expression of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and hepatic BA synthesis. Additionally, depleting gut microbiota by antibiotics administration abolishes the beneficial effects of CAP on BA metabolism and glucose homeostasis.ConclusionsCAP‐induced improvements in BA and glucose metabolism are partially mediated by the gut microbiota‐BA‐enterohepatic FXR axis in db/db mice.
Low‐temperature plasma‐activated medium inhibited invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells via suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Jin‐Ren , Gao Ling‐Ge , Wu Yue‐Ming , Xu Gui‐Min , Ma Yan , Hao Yue , Shi Xing‐Min , Zhang Guan‐Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow‐temperature plasma (LTP) has shown promising and potential applications in the field of biomedicine. The effects of the plasma‐activated medium (PAM) inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis have been verified, but the associated molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the anti‐invasion and antimetastasis effects and mechanism induced by PAM on B16 melanoma cells cultured in vitro. For this purpose, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in helium was applied to generate PAM to treat B16 cells. Cell invasion and migration assays showed that PAM exerted an inhibitory effect on B16 cell invasion and migration in a time‐dependent manner. Then, detection of the invasion‐ and metastasis‐related proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, CD44, and E‐cadherin, showed that their changes accorded with the invasion and metastasis of the PAM‐treated B16 cells. Furthermore, the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related proteins in PAM‐treated cells were measured, and the pathway was found to be suppressed by PAM. Finally, numerous specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were applied to eliminate LTP‐induced ROS in PAM, and it was revealed that H2O2 played a critical role in these processes. These findings demonstrated that PAM exerted anti‐invasion and antimetastasis effects on B16 cells mainly by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which consequently decreased the expressions of MMP‐9, MMP‐2, and CD44 via H2O2.
Tailoring the Electrochemical Production of H2O2: Strategies for the Rational Design of High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Zhang Haochen , Cheng Mu‐Jeng , Lu Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe production of H2O2 via the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) presents an attractive decentralized alternative to the current industry‐dominant anthraquinone process. However, in order to achieve viable commercialization of this process, a state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalyst exhibiting high activity, selectivity, and long‐term stability is imperative for industrial applications. Herein, an in‐depth discussion on the current frontiers in electrocatalyst design is provided, emphasizing the influences of electronic and geometric effects, surface structure, and the effects of heteroatom functionalization on the catalytic performance of commonly studied materials (metals, alloys, carbons). The limitations on the performance of the current catalyst materials are also discussed, together with alternative strategies to overcome the impediments. Finally, directions of future research efforts for the discovery of next‐generation ORR electrocatalysts are highlighted.
The Amsterdam Wrist Rules to reduce the need for radiography after a suspected distal radius fracture: an implementation study
Authors: Mulders Marjolein A. M. , Walenkamp Monique M. J. , Sosef Nico L. , Ouwehand Frank , van Velde Romuald , Goslings Carel , Schep Niels W. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeWhile most patients with wrist trauma are routinely referred for radiography, around 50% of these radiographs show no fracture. To avoid unnecessary radiographs, the Amsterdam Wrist Rules (AWR) have previously been developed and validated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the AWR at the Emergency Department (ED).MethodsIn a before-and-after comparative prospective cohort study, all consecutive adult patients with acute wrist trauma presenting at the ED of four hospitals were included. Primary outcome was the number of wrist radiographs before and after implementation of the AWR. Secondary outcomes were the number of clinically relevant missed fractures, the overall length of stay in the ED, physician compliance regarding the AWR, and patient satisfaction and experience with the care received at the ED.ResultsA total of 402 patients were included. The absolute reduction in wrist radiographs after implementation was 15% (p < 0.001). One clinically irrelevant fracture was missed. Non-fracture patients without wrist radiography due to the AWR spent 34 min less time in the ED compared with non-fracture patients who had a wrist radiograph (p = 0.015). The physicians adhered to the AWR in 36% of patients. Of all patients who did not receive a radiographic examination of the wrist, 87% were satisfied.ConclusionImplementation of the AWR safely reduces the amount of wrist radiographs in selected patients and consequently reducing the length of stay in the ED.
Limited positive effects on jump-landing technique in girls but not in boys after 8 weeks of injury prevention exercise training in youth football
Authors: Lindblom Hanna , Waldén Markus , Carlfjord Siw , Hägglund Martin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate changes in jump-landing technique in football-playing boys and girls after 8 weeks of injury prevention training.

Methods
Four boys’ and four girls’ teams (mean age 14.1 ± 0.8 years) were instructed to use either the original Knee Control injury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) or a further developed IPEP, Knee Control + , at every training session for 8 weeks. Baseline and follow-up testing of jump-landing technique included drop vertical jumps (DVJ), assessed subjectively and with two-dimensional movement analysis, and tuck jump assessment (TJA).

Results
Only minor differences in intervention effects were seen between the two IPEPs, and results are therefore presented for both intervention groups combined. At baseline 30% of the boys showed good knee control during the DVJ, normalised knee separation distances of 77–96% (versus hip) and a median of 3 flaws during the TJA. Among girls, 22% showed good knee control, normalised knee separation distances of 67–86% and a median of 4 flaws during the TJA. At follow-up, boys and girls performed significantly more jumps during TJA. No changes in jump-landing technique were seen in boys, whereas girls improved their knee flexion angle at initial contact in the DVJ (mean change + 4.7°, p < 0.001, 95% CI 2.36–6.99, d = 0.7) and their TJA total score (− 1 point, p = 0.045, r = − 0.4).

Conclusion
The study showed small positive effects on jump-landing technique in girls, but not in boys, after 8 weeks of injury prevention training.

Level of evidence
Level II.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials gov identifier: NCT03251404
The relationship among probabilistic, deterministic and potential skills in predicting the ENSO for the past 161 years
Authors: Liu Ting , Tang Youmin , Yang Dejian , Cheng Yanjie , Song Xunshu , Hou Zhaolu , Shen Zheqi , Gao Yanqiu , Wu Yanling , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Banglin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere, we explored in depth the relationship among the deterministic prediction skill, the probabilistic prediction skill and the potential predictability. This was achieved by theoretical analyses and, in particular, by an analysis of long-term ensemble ENSO hindcast over 161 years from 1856 to 2016. First, a nonlinear monotonic relationship between the deterministic prediction skill and the probabilistic prediction skill, derived by theoretical analysis, was examined and validated using the ensemble hindcast. Further, the co-variability between the potential predictability and the deterministic prediction skill was explored in both perfect model assumption and actual model scenario. On these bases, we investigated the relationship between the potential predictability and probabilistic prediction skill from both the practice of ENSO forecast and theoretical perspective. The results of the study indicate that there are nonlinear monotonic relationships among these three kinds of measures. The potential predictability is considered to be a good indicator for the actual prediction skill in terms of both the deterministic measures and the probabilistic framework. The relationships identified here exhibit considerable significant practical sense to conduct predictability researches, which provide an inexpensive and moderate approach for inquiring prediction uncertainties without the requirement of costly ensemble experiments.
Equivalence of Continuous, Local and Infinitesimal Rigidity in Normed Spaces
Authors: Dewar Sean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present a rigorous study of framework rigidity in general finite dimensional normed spaces from the perspective of Lie group actions on smooth manifolds. As an application, we prove an extension of Asimow and Roth’s 1978/1979 result establishing the equivalence of local, continuous and infinitesimal rigidity for regular bar-and-joint frameworks in a d-dimensional Euclidean space. Further, we obtain upper bounds for the dimension of the space of trivial motions for a framework and establish the flexibility of small frameworks in general non-Euclidean normed spaces.
From critical behavior to catastrophic runaways: comparing sheared granular materials with bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Long Alan A. , Denisov Dmitry V. , Schall Peter , Hufnagel Todd C. , Gu Xiaojun , Wright Wendelin J. , Dahmen Karin A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The flow of granular materials and metallic glasses is governed by strongly correlated, avalanche-like deformation. Recent comparisons focused on the scaling regimes of the small avalanches, where strong similarities were found in the two systems. Here, we investigate the regime of large avalanches by computing the temporal profile or “shape” of each one, i.e., the time derivative of the stress-time series during each avalanche. We then compare the experimental statistics and dynamics of these shapes in granular media and bulk metallic glasses. We complement the experiments with a mean-field model that predicts a critical size beyond which avalanches turn into large runaway events. We find that this transition is reflected in a characteristic change of the peak width of the avalanche profile from broad to narrow, and we introduce a new metric for characterizing this dynamic change. The comparison of the two systems points to the same deformation mechanism in both metallic glasses and granular materials.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the first-line EGFR-TKIs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations
Authors: Holleman Marscha S. , Al Maiwenn J. , Zaim Remziye , Groen Harry J. M. , Uyl-de Groot Carin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the cost-effectiveness of first-line gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.MethodsA systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to compare the relative efficacy of gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. To assess the cost-effectiveness of these treatments, a Markov model was developed from Dutch societal perspective. The model was based on the clinical studies included in the NMA. Incremental costs per life-year (LY) and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained were estimated. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted.ResultsTotal discounted per patient costs for gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib were €65,889, €64,035, €69,418, and €131,997, and mean QALYs were 1.36, 1.39, 1.52, and 2.01 per patient, respectively. Erlotinib dominated gefitinib. Afatinib versus erlotinib yielded incremental costs of €27,058/LY and €41,504/QALY gained. Osimertinib resulted in €91,726/LY and €128,343/QALY gained compared to afatinib. PSA showed that gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib had 13%, 19%, 43%, and 26% probability to be cost-effective at a threshold of €80,000/QALY. A price reduction of osimertinib of 30% is required for osimertinib to be cost-effective at a threshold of €80,000/QALY.ConclusionsOsimertinib has a better effectiveness compared to all other TKIs. However, at a Dutch threshold of €80,000/QALY, osimertinib appears not to be cost-effective.
Identification and characterization of the ZRT, IRT-like protein (ZIP) family genes reveal their involvement in growth and kojic acid production in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Fan Junxia , Long Chuannan , He Bin , Hu Zhihong , Jiang Chunmiao , Li Yongkai , Ma Long , Wen Jingshang , Zou Xiaojin , Chen Yuan , Ge Zhenxiang , Zeng Bin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The ZRT, IRT-like protein (ZIP) family exists in many species and plays an important role in many biological processes, but little is known about ZIP genes in Aspergillus oryzae. Here, 10 ZIP genes in A. oryzae were identified and these were classified into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The structures of these AoZip genes were determined, which indicated a great divergence of AoZip members from different groups. Synteny analysis revealed that AoZip7, AoZip8, and AoZip10 are conserved among Aspergillus species. We also found that the promoter regions of AoZip2, AoZip7, AoZip8, and AoZip10 contain multiple conserved response elements. Expression analysis revealed that AoZips exhibited different expression patterns in response to different metal treatments. Moreover, overexpression and RNA-interference (RNAi) of AoZip2 led to a decrease in mycelium growth diameter and inhibited conidia formation. AoZip2 overexpression and RNAi strains showed distinct sensitivity to severely Zn/Mn-depleted stress. In addition, kojic acid production was markedly lower in AoZip2 overexpression and RNAi strains than in the control strains, and the expression of kojA, kojR, and kojT was down-regulated in AoZip2 overexpression and RNAi strains. This study provides new insights into our understanding of ZIP genes and lays a foundation for further investigation of their roles in Aspergillus oryzae.
TRUTH AND FEASIBLE REDUCIBILITY
Authors: ENAYAT ALI , ŁEŁYK MATEUSZ , WCISŁO BARTOSZ 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLet ${\cal T}$ be any of the three canonical truth theories CT− (compositional truth without extra induction), FS− (Friedman–Sheard truth without extra induction), or KF− (Kripke–Feferman truth without extra induction), where the base theory of ${\cal T}$ is PA (Peano arithmetic). We establish the following theorem, which implies that ${\cal T}$ has no more than polynomial speed-up over PA.Theorem.${\cal T}$is feasibly reducible to PA, in the sense that there is a polynomial time computable function f such that for every${\cal T}$-proof π of an arithmetical sentence ϕ, f (π) is a PA-proof of ϕ.
Surrogate rearing a keystone species to enhance population and ecosystem restoration
Authors: Mayer Karl A. , Tinker M. Tim , Nicholson Teri E. , Murray Michael J. , Johnson Andrew B. , Staedler Michelle M. , Fujii Jessica A. , Van Houtan Kyle S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTranslocation and rehabilitation programmes are critical tools for wildlife conservation. These methods achieve greater impact when integrated in a combined strategy for enhancing population or ecosystem restoration. During 2002–2016 we reared 37 orphaned southern sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis pups, using captive sea otters as surrogate mothers, then released them into a degraded coastal estuary. As a keystone species, observed increases in the local sea otter population unsurprisingly brought many ecosystem benefits. The role that surrogate-reared otters played in this success story, however, remained uncertain. To resolve this, we developed an individual-based model of the local population using surveyed individual fates (survival and reproduction) of surrogate-reared and wild-captured otters, and modelled estimates of immigration. Estimates derived from a decade of population monitoring indicated that surrogate-reared and wild sea otters had similar reproductive and survival rates. This was true for males and females, across all ages (1–13 years) and locations evaluated. The model simulations indicated that reconstructed counts of the wild population are best explained by surrogate-reared otters combined with low levels of unassisted immigration. In addition, the model shows that 55% of observed population growth over this period is attributable to surrogate-reared otters and their wild progeny. Together, our results indicate that the integration of surrogacy methods and reintroduction of juvenile sea otters helped establish a biologically successful population and restore a once-impaired ecosystem.
Greek Declamation Beyond Philostratus’ Second Sophistic
Authors: Guast William 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article examines the surviving Greek declamations of the first to third century AD. They are found to be at odds with Philostratus’ familiar picture of the genre in respect of their brevity and stylistic simplicity. Explanations in terms of forgery/misattribution, textual adulteration of some form or the youth of the declaimers at the time of composition are rejected, and it is concluded rather that Philostratus’ picture of the genre is significantly distorted. Specifically, the Vitae sophistarum (1) omit declamations composed for didactic ends in favour of show declamations and (2) even among show declamations focus almost exclusively on the more florid end of the stylistic spectrum.
Social networking sites and the experience of older adult users: a systematic review
Authors: Newman Loveday , Stoner Charlotte , Spector Aimee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to systematically review the use of social networking sites (SNSs) from an older adult perspective (all papers had an average sample age of 65+ and samples ranged in age from 50 to 98). Characteristics of older adult SNS users, incentives and disincentives for use, and the relationship between SNS use, wellbeing and cognitive function were explored. From a systematic search, 21 papers met inclusion criteria and were subjected to a quality review. Paper quality was often low or medium, as rated by a standard quality assessment framework. Results indicated that older adult SNS users were more likely to have particular characteristics, including being female and younger. The main incentive for use was to maintain contact with family and friends. Disincentives included privacy concerns and lack of perceived usefulness. The relationship between SNS use, wellbeing and cognitive function was inconclusive. SNS use is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that needs to be understood in the context of broader communication practices, individuals’ social relationships, and individual preferences and characteristics.
Twenty-five years of information extraction
Authors: Grishman Ralph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInformation extraction is the process of converting unstructured text into a structured data base containing selected information from the text. It is an essential step in making the information content of the text usable for further processing. In this paper, we describe how information extraction has changed over the past 25 years, moving from hand-coded rules to neural networks, with a few stops on the way. We connect these changes to research advances in NLP and to the evaluations organized by the US Government.
Exploring food preparation practices in families with and without school-aged childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Raber Margaret , Crawford Karla , Baranowski Tom , Sharma Shreela V , Schick Vanessa , Markham Christine , Roth Michael , Chandra Joya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Survival rates for paediatric cancers have increased dramatically since the 1970s, but childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk for several chronic diseases throughout life. Nutrition interventions promoting healthy family meals may support wellness for survivors, but little research has explored CCS family food preparation habits. The goal of the present study was to describe and compare food preparation practices of CCS and non-CCS families.Design:Observational.Setting:Typical evening meal preparation events were observed and recorded in participant homes. Recordings and notes were analysed using the Healthy Cooking Index (HCI), a measure of nutrition-optimizing food preparation practices relevant to survivor wellness. Demographics, BMI and nutrient composition of prepared meals were also collected.Participants:Forty parents with a CCS or non-CCS child aged 5–17 years were recruited.Results:There were no major differences between the CCS and non-CCS families with regard to summative HCI score or specific food preparation behaviours. Meals prepared by CCS and non-CCS families had similar nutrient compositions.Conclusions:The study revealed areas for practical nutrition intervention in CCS and non-CCS families. Future studies should consider adopting and tailoring nutrition intervention methods that have been successful in non-CCS communities.
Resource Analysis driven by (Conditional) Termination Proofs
Authors: ALBERT ELVIRA , BOFILL MIQUEL , BORRALLERAS CRISTINA , MARTIN-MARTIN ENRIQUE , RUBIO ALBERT 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen programs feature a complex control flow, existing techniques for resource analysis produce cost relation systems (CRS) whose cost functions retain the complex flow of the program and, consequently, might not be solvable into closed-form upper bounds. This paper presents a novel approach to resource analysis that is driven by the result of a termination analysis. The fundamental idea is that the termination proof encapsulates the flows of the program which are relevant for the cost computation so that, by driving the generation of the CRS using the termination proof, we produce a linearly-bounded CRS (LB-CRS). A LB-CRS is composed of cost functions that are guaranteed to be locally bounded by linear ranking functions and thus greatly simplify the process of CRS solving. We have built a new resource analysis tool, named MaxCore, that is guided by the VeryMax termination analyzer and uses CoFloCo and PUBS as CRS solvers. Our experimental results on the set of benchmarks from the Complexity and Termination Competition 2019 for C Integer programs show that MaxCore outperforms all other resource analysis tools.