bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Double-edged Sword: Evolutionary Novelty along Deep-time Diversity Oscillation in An Iconic Group of Predatory Insects (Neuroptera: Mantispoidea)
Authors: Li Hongyu , Zhuo De , Wang Bo , Nakamine Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shûhei , Zhang Weiwei , Jepson James E , Ohl Michael , Aspöck Ulrike , Aspöck Horst , Tin Nyunt Thet , Engel Michael S , Benton Michael J , Donoghue Philip , Liu Xingyue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Evolutionary novelties are commonly identified as drivers of lineage diversification, with key innovations potentially triggering adaptive radiation. Nevertheless, testing hypotheses on the role of evolutionary novelties in promoting diversification through deep time has proven challenging. Here we unravel the role of the raptorial appendages, with evolutionary novelties for predation, in the macroevolution of a predatory insect lineage, the Superfamily Mantispoidea (mantidflies, beaded lacewings, thorny lacewings, and dipteromantispids), based on a new dated phylogeny and quantitative evolutionary analyses on modern and fossil species. We demonstrate a single origin of the raptorial foreleg and its associated novelties as key innovations triggering an early radiation of raptorial mantispoids from the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic. Subsequently, the evolution of the raptorial foreleg influenced the diversification in different modes among lineages. At times, it might have limited the morphological diversity of other body parts and lead to lineage constraint by intensifying competition and lowering environmental resilience, e.g., in thorny lacewings, whose extant diversity is meagre. Conversely, in mantidflies, reduced emphasis on foreleg novelties and increased plasticity in other body parts may lead to better adaptation to predator-prey interactions and environmental shifts, thus maintaining a stable or accelerated level of diversification. We also reveal how major environmental change and lineage interactions interplayed with raptorial novelties in shaping the significant oscillations of mantispoid diversification over deep time, especially the abrupt shift near the mid-Cretaceous. However, by excluding a substantial portion of samples from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, these shifts of some evolutionary parameters, such as morphological disparity, body size, and diversification rates, became inconspicuous and might be overestimated due to sampling bias. Our results uncover the intricate evolutionary patterns and profound significance of raptorial specializations, providing new insights into the role of novelties in forming evolutionary trajectories, both for the better and worse. [evolutionary novelty; macroevolution; diversification; raptorial foreleg; fossil; insect; Mantispoidea]
Molecular diagnosis and duration of eschar swab sample positivity post-doxycycline therapy in scrub typhus patients
Authors: Kanaujia Rimjhim , Singh Harpreet , Bisht Kamlesh , Goel Shriya , Selvam Suresh , Kaur Jasleen , Nallasamy Karthi , Sharma Navneet , Biswal Manisha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
An eschar is not always present in all scrub typhus patients. Furthermore, such patients may present to tertiary care hospitals after administration of doxycycline. The present study aimed to determine the usefulness of using the swab from eschar sites in the diagnosis of scrub typhus in patients who present post-doxycycline therapy.

Methods
Blood, eschar scraping and swab samples were collected daily until patient discharge/death. Real-time SYBR green PCR targeting the groEl gene, TaqMan probe PCR targeting the 47 kDa gene and nested PCR targeting the 56 kDa gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi were carried out. Partial sequences of the 56 kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi were sequenced by the Sanger method and phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mega X.

Results
In total, 42 samples (19 eschar scraping and 23 eschar swab samples) were collected from 22 patients. A high positivity of eschar scraping samples (89.5%, 17/19) in comparison to blood (63.2%, 12/19) was observed. The nested PCR for eschar swab samples was positive in 10 (43.5%), 47 kDa gene in nine (39.1%) and groEl in three (13%) samples. The swabs remained positive for 1–4 d after doxycycline was started. The majority of the sequences clustered with Karp-like strains.

Conclusion
The eschar swab is a good alternative sample for the diagnosis and genotyping of scrub typhus. It also has the added advantage of persistent positivity despite doxycycline administration.
Combined use of pritelivir with acyclovir or foscarnet suppresses evolution of HSV-1 drug resistance
Authors: Schalkwijk Hanna Helena , Andrei Graciela , Snoeck Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The widespread use of antivirals in immunocompromised individuals has led to frequent occurrences of drug-resistant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections. Current antivirals target the viral DNA polymerase (DP), resulting in cross-resistance patterns that emphasize the need for novel treatment strategies. In this study, we assessed whether combining antivirals with different targets affects drug resistance emergence by passaging wild-type HSV-1 under increasing concentrations of acyclovir (ACV), foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid, PFA), or the helicase–primase inhibitor pritelivir (PTV), individually or in combination (ACV + PTV or PFA + PTV). The resistance selection procedure was initiated from two different drug concentrations for each condition. Deep sequencing and subsequent phenotyping showed the rapid acquisition of resistance mutations under monotherapy pressure, whereas combination therapy resulted in either no mutations or mutations conferring ACV and/or PFA resistance. Notably, mutations associated with PTV resistance were not detected after five passages under combination pressure. Strains resistant to both ACV and PTV were eventually obtained upon further passaging under ACV + PTV pressure initiated from lower drug concentrations. PFA + PTV dual treatment induced PFA resistance mutations in the DP, but PTV resistance mutations were not acquired, even after 15 passages. Our data suggest that combining the helicase–primase inhibitor PTV with a DP inhibitor may be an effective strategy to prevent drug resistance evolution in HSV-1.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of Black and White women from late reproductive age through the menopause transition: a 30-year analysis
Authors: Chirinos Diana A. , Yin Zhe , Schreiner Pamela J. , Appiah Duke , Wellons Melissa F. , Lewis Cora E. , Huddleston Heather G. , Kim Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine how depressive symptoms change in midlife and across the menopause transition.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective population-based cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. We included women (n = 2,160) with ≥3 responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) beginning at examination year 5, at approximately 30 years of age, and again at years 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (ages 35 through 60 years). We modeled trajectories of CES-D by chronologic age and compared these to trajectories of depressive symptoms by relation to age at menopause.

Results
We identified three trajectories of depressive symptoms: women with minimal (n = 1,328, 61%, mean CES-D 8.1); intermediate (n = 675, 31%, mean CES-D 15.6); or persistent depressive symptoms (n = 157, 7%, mean CES-D 26.1). Trajectories were stable over time, among women who had undergone natural menopause (n = 1,153), Black race (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43 to 2.40), less than a high school education (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.41), and low income (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.18), along with tobacco use (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.77), alcohol consumption (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.004 to 1.02), estrogen use for vasomotor symptoms (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.77), and higher body mass index (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05) that were also associated with persistent depressive symptoms. Hormonal contraceptive use at year 2 was associated with lower odds of persistent depressive symptoms (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.93). Similar patterns were observed among women who underwent surgical menopause.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms in the premenopause were similar to those in postmenopause, and risk factors could be identified early in reproductive life. Studies with more frequent assessments of depressive symptoms during the menopause transition are needed.
Use of Lecanemab and Donanemab in the Canadian Healthcare System: Evidence, Challenges, and Areas for Future Research
Authors: Smith Eric E. , Phillips Natalie , Feldman Howard H. , Borrie Michael , Ganesh Aravind , Henri-Bhargava Alexandre , Desmarais Philippe , Frank Andrew , Badhwar AmanPreet , Barlow Laura , Bartha Robert , Best Sarah , Bethell Jennifer , Bhangu Jaspreet , Black Sandra E. , Bocti Christian , Bronskill Susan E. , Burhan Amer M. , Calon Frederic , Camicioli Richard , Campbell Barry , Collins D. Louis , Dadar Mahsa , DeMarco Mari L. , Ducharme Simon , Duchesne Simon , Einstein Gillian , Fisk John D. , Gawryluk Jodie R. , Grossman Linda , Ismail Zahinoor , Itzhak Inbal , Joshi Manish , Harrison Arthur , Kroger Edeltraut , Kumar Sanjeev , Laforce Robert , Lanctot Krista L. , Lau Meghan , Lee Linda , Masellis Mario , Massoud Fadi , Mitchell Sara B. , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Myers Karen , Nygaard Haakon B. , Pasternak Stephen H. , Peters Jody , Rajah M. Natasha , Robillard Julie M. , Rockwood Ken , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Seitz Dallas P. , Soucy Jean-Paul , Trenaman Shanna C. , Wellington Cheryl L. , Zadem Aicha , Chertkow Howard 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLecanemab and donanemab are monoclonal antibody therapies that remove amyloid-beta from the brain. They are the first therapies that alter a fundamental mechanism, amyloid-beta deposition, in Alzheimer disease (AD). To inform Canadian decisions on approval and use of these drugs, the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging commissioned Work Groups to review evidence on the efficacy, and safety of these new therapies, as well as their projected impacts on Canadian dementia systems of care. We included persons with lived experience with Alzheimer disease in the discussion about the benefits and harms. Our review of the trial publications found strong support for statistically significant group differences, but also recognized that there are mixed views on the clinical relevance of the observed differences and the value of therapy for individual patients. The drugs are intended for persons with early AD, at a stage of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. If patients are treated, then confirmation of AD by positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid analysis and monitoring for risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities was recommended, as done in the clinical trials, although it would strain Canadian resource capacity. More data are needed to determine the size of the potentially eligible treatment population in Canada.
Cortical effects of dopamine replacement account for clinical response variability in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Vinding Mikkel C. , Tsitsi Panagiota , Svenningsson Per , Waldthaler Josefine , Lundqvist Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIndividual variability in clinical response to dopaminergic replacement therapy (DRT) is a key barrier to efficacious treatment for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A better understanding of the neurobiological sources of such inter-individual differences is necessary to inform future clinical interventions and motivate translational research. One potential source of this variability is an unintended secondary activation of extra-nigrostriatal dopamine systems by DRT, particularly in the neocortex. In this study, we use magnetoencephalography data collected from patients with PD before and after DRT to map their individual cortical neurophysiological responses to dopaminergic pharmacotherapy. By combining these DRT response maps with normative atlases of cortical dopamine receptor and transporter densities, we link the variable enhancement of rhythmic beta activity by DRT to dopamine-rich cortical regions. Importantly, patients who exhibited a larger dopaminergic beta cortical enhancement showed a smaller clinical improvement from DRT, indicating a potential source of individual variability in medication response for patients with PD. We conclude that these findings inform our understanding of the dopaminergic basis of neurophysiological variability often seen in patients with PD, and indicate that our methodological approach may be useful for data-driven contextualization of medication effects on cortical neurophysiology in future research and clinical applications.
The heterogeneity of youth at risk of diabetes and prediabetes: a latent class analysis of a national sample
Authors: McDonough Catherine , Li Yan Chak , Pandey Gaurav , Vangeepuram Nita , Liu Bian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify youth subgroups based on lifestyle, BMI, and sociodemographic characteristics and examine the association between group membership and prediabetes/diabetes (preDM/DM) status.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1,278 adolescents (ages 12-17) from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. PreDM/DM was defined using hemoglobin A1c (≥5.7 mg/dL) and/or fasting plasma glucose (≥100 mg/dL). Latent class analysis of physical activity, diet quality, screen time, and BMI identified subgroups, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Associations between class membership and preDM/DM were assessed using survey-weighted logistic regression.ResultsFour classes emerged: High BMI and unhealthy lifestyle (37.5%), Healthy BMI and physically active (25.3%), Healthy BMI and lifestyle (16.0%), and Average BMI and lifestyle (21.8%). Youth in other classes had lower odds of preDM/DM compared to the High BMI and unhealthy lifestyle class, especially the Healthy BMI and active class (aOR=0.556, 95% CI=0.327-0.946).ConclusionsYouth at risk of preDM/DM were from heterogeneous groups with varied lifestyle, health, and socioeconomic characteristics.
Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and population immunity after the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: Analysis of national wastewater data
Authors: Riedmann Uwe , Chalupka Alena , Richter Lukas , Sprenger Martin , Rauch Wolfgang , Schenk Hannes , Krause Robert , Willeit Peter , Oberacher Herbert , Høeg Tracy Beth , Ioannidis John PA , Pilz Stefan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPost-pandemic surveillance data on COVID-19 infections may help inform future public health policies regarding SARS-CoV-2 testing, vaccinations or other COVID-19 measures. We estimate the total SARS-CoV-2 infections in Austria after the end of the pandemic (May 5, 2023, per WHO) up to May 2024 from wastewater data. Those estimates are used in an agent-based model (ABM) to estimate average national levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection protection (IP) and COVID-19 death protection (DP).MethodsWe use a previously published model estimating total infections in Austria from wastewater data and extrapolate the approach up to May 2024. Utilizing those estimates in an ABM, we estimate daily national average IP and DP. These estimates are based on waning immunity estimates of previous literature and incorporate documented vaccinations.FindingsWe estimate approximately 3·2 million infections between May 6, 2023, and May 23, 2024, with a total of 17·8 million infections following May 12, 2020. The ABM estimates that 95% of people in Austria were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at least once. It also shows very high levels of national average DP a year after the end of the pandemic. National IP remained relatively low after the onset of Omicron.InterpretationThe estimated high number of SARS-CoV-2 infections since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria has kept the national average DP very high. These findings should be considered for public health decisions on SARS-CoV-2 testing practices and vaccine booster administrations.FundingAustrian Science Fund (FWF) KLI 1188.
Novel multiplex tools in an epidemic panel improve prediction of RSV infection dynamics and disease burden – a RESPINOW analysis
Authors: Harries Manuela , Klett-Tammen Carolina J. , Rodiah Isti , Dulovic Alex , Jaeger Veronika K , Krepel Jessica , Contreras Sebastian , Maak Katrin , Marsall Patrick , Möller Annette , Heise Jana-Kristin , Castell Stefanie ,   RESPINOW study group, Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Karch André , Lange Berit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and adult risk groups worldwide. Substantial case-underdetection and gaps in the understanding of reinfection dynamics of RSV limit reliable projection estimates.Here, we use a novel RSV multiplex serological assay in a population-based panel to estimate season and age-specific probability of reinfection and combine it with sentinel and notification data to parameterize a mathematical model tailored to project RSV dynamics in Germany from 2020 to 2023.Our reinfection estimates, based on a 20% post-F and a 45% N antibody increase in the assay over consecutive periods, were 5·7% (95%CI: 4·7-6·9) from 2020 to 2022 and 12·7% (95%CI: 10·5-15·2) from 2022 to 2023 in adults. In 2021, 30-39 year olds had a higher risk of reinfection, whereas in 2022, all but the 30-39 age group had an increased risk of reinfection. This suggests age-differential infection acquisition in the two seasons, e.g. due to still stronger public health measures in place in 2021 than in 2022.Model-based projections that include the population-based reinfection estimations predicted the onset and peak for the 23/24 RSV season better than those only based on surveillance estimates.Rapid, age-specific reinfection assessments and models incorporating this data will be critical for understanding and predicting RSV dynamics, especially with changing post-pandemic patterns and new prevention strategies e.g. monoclonal antibody.Helmholtz Association, EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and German Research supported this work.
Impact of Left Ventricular Venting on Acute Brain Injury in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: An Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Analysis
Authors: Feng Shi Nan , Liu Winnie L. , Kang Jin Kook , Kalra Andrew , Kim Jiah , Zaqooq Akram , Vogelsong Melissa A. , Kim Bo Soo , Brodie Daniel , Brown Patricia , Whitman Glenn J. R. , Keller Steven , Cho Sung-Min 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile left ventricular (LV) venting reduces LV distension in cardiogenic shock patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), it may also amplify risk of acute brain injury (ABI). We investigated the hypothesis that LV venting is associated with increased risk of ABI. We also compared ABI risk of the two most common LV venting strategies, percutaneous microaxial flow pump (mAFP) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).MethodsThe Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry was queried for patients on peripheral VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock (2013-2024). ABI was defined as hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, ischemic stroke, or intracranial hemorrhage. Secondary outcome was hospital mortality. We compared no LV venting with 1) LV venting, 2) mAFP, and 3) IABP using multivariable logistic regression. To compare ABI risk of mAFP vs. IABP, propensity score matching was performed.ResultsOf 13,276 patients (median age=58.2, 69.9% male), 1,456 (11.0%) received LV venting (65.5% mAFP and 29.9% IABP), and 525 (4.0%) had ABI. After multivariable regression, LV-vented patients had increased odds of ABI (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.76, 95% CI=1.29, 2.37, p<0.001) but no difference in mortality (aOR=1.08, 95% CI=0.91-1.28, p=0.39) compared to non-LV-vented patients. In the propensity- matched cohort of IABP (n=231) vs. mAFP (n=231) patients, there was no significant difference in odds of ABI (aOR=1.35, 95%CI=0.69-2.71, p=0.39) or mortality (aOR=0.88, 95%CI=0.58-1.31, p=0.52).ConclusionsLV venting was associated with increased odds of ABI but not mortality in patients receiving peripheral VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock. There was no difference in odds of ABI or mortality for IABP vs. mAFP patients.Clinical PerspectiveIn patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiogenic shock, left ventricular venting is associated with increased odds of acute brain injury (ABI) but not mortality. However, mode of venting—intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or percutaneous microaxial flow pump (mAFP)—does not appear to impact either odds of ABI or mortality. These findings highlight a link between venting strategies and neurological outcomes in this high-risk population. Clinicians must weigh the benefits of venting against ABI risk when managing neurocritically ill patients, though our findings provide reassurance clinicians that both IABP and mAFP may offer comparable neurologic safety profiles.
Sustainable and portable CRISPR-based diagnostics for high-sensitivity Mpox detection
Authors: Hirano Rika , Yoshimi Kazuto , Asano Koji , Takeshita Kohei , Ishii Ken J. , Sato Kei , Mashimo Tomoji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMpox has emerged as a critical public health challenge, creating an urgent need for rapid, reliable, and field-deployable diagnostic tools for outbreak settings. Here, we present Kairo-CONAN, a novel CRISPR-Cas3-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform for Mpox, engineered for sustainability and portability. This system leverages a disposable hand warmer (Kairo) as a stable heat source and incorporates freeze-dried reagents for ambient temperature stability, enabling device-free, sensitive detection through lateral flow assay strips. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas3’s unique DNA-targeting and cleavage properties, we optimized probe DNA configurations for high specificity and designed clade-specific target crRNAs. Kairo-CONAN demonstrated rapid, high-sensitivity, and specific detection of Mpox virus (MPXV) DNA across multiple clades, including Clade Ia (Congo), Clade Ib (synthetic DNA), and Clade IIb (Tokyo). By addressing logistical and environmental challenges, Kairo-CONAN offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and field-adapted solution for infectious disease diagnostics, aligning with the 100-day mission framework to enhance global outbreak response efforts.