bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the New Zealand Plateau in the Tasman Sea Circulation and Separation of the East Australian Current
Authors: Bull Christopher Y. S. , Kiss Andrew E. , van Sebille Erik , Jourdain Nicolas C. , England Matthew H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC) plays a major role in regional climate, circulation, and ecosystems, but predicting future changes is hampered by limited understanding of the factors controlling EAC separation. While there has been speculation that the presence of New Zealand may be important for the EAC separation, the prevailing view is that the time‐mean partial separation is set by the ocean's response to gradients in the wind stress curl. This study focuses on the role of New Zealand, and the associated adjacent bathymetry, in the partial separation of the EAC and ocean circulation in the Tasman Sea. Here utilizing an eddy‐permitting ocean model (NEMO), we find that the complete removal of the New Zealand plateau leads to a smaller fraction of EAC transport heading east and more heading south, with the mean separation latitude shifting >100 km southward. To examine the underlying dynamics, we remove New Zealand with two linear models: the Sverdrup/Godfrey Island Rule and NEMO in linear mode. We find that linear processes and deep bathymetry play a major role in the mean Tasman Front position, whereas nonlinear processes are crucial for the extent of the EAC retroflection. Contrary to past work, we find that meridional gradients in the basin‐wide wind stress curl are not the sole factor determining the latitude of EAC separation. We suggest that the Tasman Front location is set by either the maximum meridional gradient in the wind stress curl or the northern tip of New Zealand, whichever is furthest north.
Isotopic Evidence for the Evolution of Subsurface Nitrate in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Lehmann Nadine , Granger Julie , Kienast Markus , Brown Kevin S. , Rafter Patrick A. , Martínez‐Méndez Gema , Mohtadi Mahyar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSubsurface waters from both hemispheres converge in the Western Equatorial Pacific (WEP), some of which form the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) that influences equatorial Pacific productivity across the basin. Measurements of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope ratios in nitrate (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), the isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC), and complementary biogeochemical tracers reveal that northern and southern WEP waters have distinct biogeochemical histories. Organic matter remineralization plays an important role in setting the nutrient characteristics on both sides of the WEP. However, remineralization in the northern WEP contributes a larger concentration of the nutrients, consistent with the older “age” of northern thermocline‐depth and intermediate‐depth waters. Remineralization introduces a relatively low δ15NNO3 to northern waters, suggesting the production of sinking organic matter by N2 fixation at the surface—consistent with the notion that N2 fixation is quantitatively important in the North Pacific. In contrast, remineralization contributes elevated δ15NNO3 to the southern WEP thermocline, which we hypothesize to derive from the vertical flux of high‐δ15N material at the southern edge of the equatorial upwelling. This signal potentially masks any imprint of N2 fixation from South Pacific waters. The observations further suggest that the intrusion of high δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 waters from the eastern margins is more prominent in the northern than southern WEP. Together, these north‐south differences enable the examination of the hemispheric inputs to the EUC, which appear to derive predominantly from southern hemisphere waters.
Variability in Benthic Exchange Rate, Depth, and Residence Time Beneath a Shallow Coastal Estuary
Authors: Russoniello Christopher J. , Heiss James W. , Michael Holly A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHydrodynamically driven benthic exchange of water between the water column and shallow seabed aquifer is a significant and dynamic component of coastal and estuarine fluid budgets. Associated exchange of solutes promotes ecologically important chemical reactions, so quantifying benthic exchange rates, depths, and residence times constrains coastal chemical cycling estimates. We present the first combined field, numerical, and analytical modeling investigation of wave‐induced exchange. Temporal variability of exchange was calculated with data collected by instruments deployed in a shallow estuary for 11 days. Differential pressure sensors recorded pressure gradients across the seabed, and up‐ and down‐looking ADCPs recorded currents and pressures to determine wave parameters, surface‐water currents, and water depth. Wave‐induced exchange was calculated (1) directly from differential pressure measurements, and indirectly with an analytical model based on wave parameters from (2) ADCP and (3) wind data. Wave‐induced exchange from pressure measurements and ADCP‐measured wave parameters matched well, but both exceeded wind‐based values. Exchange induced by tidal pumping and current‐bed form interaction—the other primary drivers in shallow coastal waters were calculated from tidal stage variation and ADCP‐measured currents. Exchange from waves (mean = 20.0 cm/d; range = 1.75–92.3 cm/d) greatly exceeded exchange due to tides (mean = 3.7 cm/d) and current‐bed form interaction (mean = 6.5 × 10−2 cm/d). Groundwater flow models showed aquifer properties affect wave‐driven benthic exchange: residence time and depth increased and exchange rates decreased with increasing hydraulic diffusivity (ratio of aquifer permeability to compressibility). This new understanding of benthic exchange will help managers assess its control over chemical fluxes to marine systems.
A new algorithm on the automatic TFT‐LCD mura defects inspection based on an effective background reconstruction
Authors: Ngo Chinh , Park Yong Jin , Jung Jeehyun , Hassan Rizwan Ul , Seok Jongwon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, an automatic detection method for mura defects is developed based on an accurate reconstruction of the background and precise evaluation of the mura index level. To achieve this, an effective background reconstruction method is first developed to represent the brightness intensity of the display panel. As a result, any nonuniform brightness of the background can be removed effectively. Furthermore, the associated mura level is quantified based on the sensitivity of the human eye in order to alternatively grade the liquid‐crystal display panels. The main focus of this study is on the reconstruction of the background from the display under test image. The proposed method takes full advantage of the following three existing methods: low‐pass filtering, discrete cosine transform, and polynomial surface fitting. By applying the method to several case studies, we have shown that it is more effective compared with other existing methods in detecting various types of mura defects.
Bidding coordination algorithm with CFC and an emotion switch
Authors: Yao Zhifeng , Ye Xiufen , Dai Xuefeng 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYExploration is a fundamental problem in robotics, and multi-robot systems exploration has been extensively studied in this field. In order to overcome the problem of a non-optimal target being selected in the exploration process, a revised single linkage clustering frontier cell (CFC) algorithm is proposed to calculate the exploration benefit of all available frontier cells. Moreover, there exist unexplored islands for most of the bidding-based multi-robot coordination algorithms in the exploration of unknown environments. To deal with this problem, some rules switched by emotion states are proposed. So, the proposed bidding coordination algorithm with CFC and an emotion switch has a hierarchical architecture. The upper level is modeled as an automaton, which is used to represent emotion status, and the emotion variables decide whether a robot will participate in a bid and explore an unknown area abiding by the walking rules. In the lower level, the robots perform bidding activities with CFC and the walking rules according to the emotion variables. We tested and evaluated our approach by means of experiments both in a simulated environment and with real robots. The experiments results demonstrate that the exploration efficiency is improved, and our algorithm has a greater coverage rate than classic bidding-based coordination algorithms.
An extremely rare clinical entity: congenitally corrected transposition with situs ınversus and single coronary artery presented with complete atrioventricular block in a young man
Authors: Cirakoglu Omer Faruk , Bayraktar Ali , Sayin Muhammet Rasit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCongenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare form of CHD. Situs inversus is a much less common variant of a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. In rare cases, transposition events may be accompanied by various cardiac anomalies. However, situs inversus patients with congenitally corrected transposition, single coronary artery anomaly, and atrioventricular block together have not been reported previously. This combination of abnormalities is presented as a first in the literature.
Quality of Life in People With Severe Dementia and Its Association With the Environment in Nursing Homes: An Observational Study
Authors: Palm Rebecca , Trutschel Diana , Sorg Christian G G , Dichter Martin N , Haastert Burkhard , Holle Bernhard 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Theoretical models propose the environment as a factor influencing the quality of life (QoL) of nursing home residents with dementia. This study investigates whether the observed QoL differs depending on the type of care unit.

Research Design and Methods
DemenzMonitor is an exploratory, observational study involving annual data collection in German nursing homes (2012–2014). For this analysis, we selected residents with a recorded diagnosis of dementia and severe cognitive impairment. QoL was measured with the proxy assessment QUALIDEM. Four care unit types were investigated: large integrated, large segregated, small integrated, and small segregated.

Results
We did not find a significant difference between the care units. During the 2 years, the observed QoL was not affected by any of the care unit types in a statistically significant or clinically relevant manner. However, a significant interaction effect between time and care unit types was found.

Discussion and Implications
Structural and organizational characteristics of care units, which in turn have implications for residents characteristics and the quality of care, may influence the QoL of residents. This may explain the interaction we observed.
Safety of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Patients With Pacemakers
Authors: Grewal Sanjeet S , Gorny Krzysztof R , Favazza Christopher P , Watson Robert E , Kaufmann Timothy J , Van Gompel Jamie J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) has increasingly been used as a treatment option for medically refractory epilepsy, tumors, and radiation necrosis. The use of LiTT requires intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) thermography. This can become an issue in patients with other implanted therapeutic devices such as pacemakers and vagal nerve stimulators due to concerns regarding increases in the specific absorption rate (SAR). This is a technical case report demonstrating a successfully and safely performed LiTT in a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with a pacemaker for mesial temporal sclerosis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
An 83-yr-old gentleman who had an implanted cardiac pacemaker presented with medically intractable epilepsy and was confirmed to have mesial temporal sclerosis on imaging. Video electroencephalography demonstrated concordant ipsilateral seizures and semiology. He underwent LiTT for ablation of the mesial temporal lobe. This was performed with the below described protocol with a cardiology nurse monitoring the patient's cardiac condition and a physicist monitoring SAR, and MR imaging quality without any adverse events.

CONCLUSION
This study reports on a protocol of cardiac and MR SAR to safely perform MR-guided LiTT in the setting of traditional pacemakers in patients who are not pacemaker dependent.
The Utility of Vancomycin Powder in Reducing Surgical Site Infections in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Kochanski Ryan B , Nazari Pouya , Sani Sepehr 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The impact of vancomycin powder on reducing postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) in spine surgery has been studied extensively and is considered standard of care at many institutions. More recently, vancomycin powder has been shown to reduce SSI in cranial neurosurgery; however, limited studies have been performed assessing its impact in reducing SSIs in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the use of vancomycin powder as an adjunct to the current antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in DBS surgery in a large cohort of patients.

METHODS
All patients undergoing DBS-lead implantation surgery and chest generator placement or exchange were analyzed prior to and after the implementation of intrawound vancomycin powder, and the impact on infection rate and any complications were subsequently examined.

RESULTS
From 2015 to 2017, a total of 419 consecutive patients (159 in the pretreatment group, 260 in the post-treatment group) were included in the study. The rate of SSI prior to implementation of intrawound vancomycin was 3.1% (n = 5), which was reduced to 0.38% (n = 1) in the post-treatment group. No complications were noted as a direct result of using vancomycin powder.

CONCLUSION
Given its relatively low cost and side effect profile, the use of vancomycin powder may be an effective adjunct in reducing the rate of SSI in DBS surgery.
Nurse Educator Attitudes Toward People With Disabilities
Authors: Lyon Lori , Houser Rick 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

AIM
As educators strongly influence the attitudes of their students, the purpose of this study was to determine nurse educator attitudes toward people with disabilities.

BACKGROUND
Inadequate education of health professionals is a known barrier to care for people with disability. Continuing calls for improved education of health professionals compel an assessment of nurse educator attitudes.

METHOD
This was a cross-sectional, correlational web-based survey of nurse educators (n = 126). Nurse educator attitudes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS
Nurse educators held discriminatory attitudes toward people with disabilities, though most preferred a biopsychosocial model of disability. Forty-four percent lacked knowledge of disability-related aims, objectives, or outcomes within the curriculum.

CONCLUSION
To advance equity in health care, nurse educators must confront personal bias and teach competent care of people with disabilities.
Examination of Utricular Response Using oVEMP and Unilateral Centrifugation Rotation Testing
Authors: Zalewski Christopher K. , Ackley R. Steven , McCaslin Devin L. , Clark M. Diane , Hanks Wendy D. , Brewer Carmen C. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
Significant advancements have been made toward the clinical assessment of utricular function through ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) and unilateral centrifugation (UCF) testing. To date, no study has examined intrasubject relationships between these measures. The study hypothesis was that intrasubject responses from oVEMP and UCF testing would be correlated inasmuch as both tests have been reported to assess utricular function.

Design:
UCF rotations and oVEMP testing were performed on healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 62 years. A within-subject study design compared and correlated UCF outcome measures of ocular counterroll, subjective visual vertical, and ocular counterroll–gravitational inertial acceleration slope against peak to peak oVEMP N1–P1 amplitude.

Results:
Correlational analyses failed to reveal any significant relationships between oVEMP amplitude and UCF responses suggesting that these tests may be inciting different response properties within the utricular system.

Conclusions:
Various anatomical and physiological differences within the utricle, in addition to the fundamental differences in stimulus properties between the oVEMP and UCF tests, could explain the lack of significant correlations between these measures and suggest that oVEMP and UCF testing may be complimentary in their evaluation of the utricular system. These data reinforce the complexities of the utricular system and provide further insight into the difficulties encountered in its clinical assessment.
Extra-pulmonary diseases related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: recent insights into the pathogenesis
Authors: Poddighe Dimitri 
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review
Providing an overview on Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related extra-pulmonary diseases (MpEPDs) in children, who represent the preferred target population by those complications, and discussing the main pathogenic mechanisms implicated or potentially involved.

Recent findings
Recent evidences supported the fact that M. pneumoniae is more than an extra-cellular pathogen colonizing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. It is able to penetrate the cell membrane of host cells and to invade the respiratory mucosa, leading to pronounced inflammatory responses and also spreading outside the respiratory system, to some extent. Thus, direct and indirect (immune-mediated) mechanisms have been described in M. pneumoniae infections, but the latter ones have been mainly implicated in MpEPDs, as reviewed here. Recently, interesting insights have been provided, especially as concern neurologic complications, and new potential mechanisms of disease have been emerging for autoimmunity.

Summary
The awareness of the occurrence of MpEPDs, showing very variable clinical expressions, could promote a correct diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. The knowledge of disease mechanisms in MpEPDs is largely incomplete, but recent advances from clinical studies and murine models might promote and direct future research.
Acute Compartment Syndrome: An Expert Survey of Orthopaedic Trauma Association Members
Authors: Collinge Cory A. , Attum Basem , Lebus George F. , Tornetta Paul , Obremskey William , Ahn Jaimo , Mirick Gudrun , Schmidt Andrew , Spitler Clay , Coles Chad , Krause Peter ,   the Orthopaedic Trauma Association's Evidence-based Quality and Value Committee
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to describe current opinions of orthopaedic trauma experts regarding acute compartment syndrome (ACS).

Design:
Web-based survey.

Participants:
Active Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members.

Methods:
A 25-item web-based questionnaire was advertised to active members of the OTA. Using a cross-sectional survey study design, we evaluated the perceived importance of ACS, as well as preferences in diagnosis and treatment.

Results:
One hundred thirty-nine of 596 active OTA members (23%) completed the survey. ACS was believed to be clinically important and with severe sequelae, if missed. Responses indicated that diagnosis should be based on physical examination in an awake patient, and that intracompartmental pressure testing was valuable in the obtunded or unconscious patient. The diagnosis of ACS with monitoring should be made using the difference between diastolic blood pressure and intracompartmental pressure (ΔP) of ≤30 mm Hg. Once ACS is diagnosed, respondents indicated that fasciotomies should be performed as quickly as is reasonable (within 2 hours). The consensus for wound management was closure or skin grafting within 1–5 days later, and skin grafting was universally recommended if closure was delayed to >7 days.

Conclusions:
ACS is a challenging problem with poor outcomes if missed or inadequately treated. OTA members demonstrated agreement to many diagnostic and treatment choices for ACS.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of the levels of evidence.
Segmental Tibia Fractures: An Analysis of Complication and Healing Rates
Authors: Corey Robert M. , Park Nathan K. , Cannada Lisa K. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
To determine the most commonly associated injuries, complications, and healing rates of patients sustaining segmental tibial shaft fractures.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Two Level I trauma centers.

Patients:
A total of 108 patients with segmental tibial shaft fractures were identified between 2005 and 2013.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographics, injury characteristics, treatments, and complications. Categories were evaluated and analyzed based on frequency of occurrence. Time to union was assessed based on serial radiographs.

Results:
A total of 108 patients met the inclusion criteria. All fractures were OTA/AO type 42C2. Seventy-three patients (68%) sustained open fractures. There were 34 patients (31%) who had compartment syndrome. The median Injury Severity Score was 27 (range 4–75). Ninety-five patients underwent reamed intramedullary nailing of the tibia, 4 underwent open reduction internal fixation, and 2 patients were definitively treated with external fixation. The median length of hospital stay was 11 days (range 3–48). Outcome data (time to union/delayed union/malunion) was available for 101 patients. The median time to union was 26 weeks (range 14–48). The delayed union rate was 40% (40/101) and the nonunion rate was 10% (10/101).

Conclusion:
Segmental tibial shaft fractures are often associated with severe polytrauma and are most often open fractures. Reamed intramedullary nailing after appropriate resuscitative and stabilization methods can result in excellent alignment and union in these fractures, with low nonunion and infection rates at 1 year.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.