bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of sarcoplasmic protein phosphorylation on glycolysis in postmortem ovine muscle
Authors: Chen Li , Li Zheng , Li Xin , Chen Jing , Everaert Nadia , Zhang Dequan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a key modulator in glycolysis metabolism and regulates the activity of glycometabolic enzymes. The phosphorylation levels of sarcoplasmic proteins were investigated in relationship to the glycolysis rate in postmortem ovine muscle in the present study. The global phosphorylation levels of sarcoplasmic proteins increased early postmortem and then decreased afterwards in postmortem ovine muscle. Protein bands of different phosphorylation levels were identified as glycometabolism‐related enzymes. The phosphorylation levels of Glycogen phosphorylase and Pyruvate kinase maybe one possible reason for the different glycolytic rates at 0.5 h postmortem. The glycolytic rate attributes were negatively correlated with four bands which were probably phosphofructokinase, enolase and adenylate kinase isoenzyme. In summary, the phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic proteins is related to muscle pH decline early postmortem, influencing the meat rigour mortis and quality development.
Optimal strategy and cost sharing of free gift cards in a retailer power supply chain
Authors: Li Yuefeng , Pan Jingming , Tang Xiaowo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany retailers and manufacturers issue “free” gift cards to consumers who purchase qualifying products. These gift cards are paid for by the retailer or manufacturer and redeemed on certain products at the retailer. We develop a decentralized two‐product supply chain in which the retailer is a Stackelberg leader. We analyze three models: no gift cards, manufacturer‐sponsored gift cards, and retailer‐sponsored gift cards. By comparing these three models, we show that offering retail‐sponsored gift cards is the optimal strategy in such a supply chain. We analyze the influences of product value and redemption rate on the optimal policy and the expected profits. We show that the retailer, two manufacturers, and consumers are better off in such an optimal strategy. Furthermore, we develop a cost‐sharing mechanism based on the result of retailer‐sponsored gift cards by taking reasonableness and fairness into consideration. Finally, we extend our study by considering changed wholesale prices and retailer prices and a pair of complements with gift cards in the models of manufacturer‐sponsored gift cards and retailer‐sponsored gift cards, and we obtain some useful insights.
Eu3+‐doped CsPbBr1.5I1.5 quantum dots glasses: A strong competitor among red fluorescence solid materials
Authors: Yuan Rongrong , Liu Jianming , Zhang Huiling , Zhang Zelong , Shao Guangzhan , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCsPbBr1.5I1.5 quantum dots (QDs) glasses are synthesized by traditional melting and thermal treated method, CsPbBr1.5I1.5 QDs glasses show vast potential as red fluorescence component in warm WLED applications due to their moderate emission wavelength as well as good opacity property. However, the quantum yield of QDs glasses is still low, therefore, Eu3+ ions is chosen to introduce into CsPbBr1.5I1.5 QDs, the quantum yield is enhanced to 64.7%. After a sequence of testing operations, we find that 6.5%CsPbBr1.5I1.5:0.28%Eu3+ QDs glasses is a strong competitor among red fluorescence solid materials.
Staff members and managers’ views of the conditions for the participation of adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Talman Lena , Wilder Jenny , Stier Jonas , Gustafsson Christine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundParticipation is a central aspect of quality of life, and it is indicative of high‐quality outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities. However, participation is difficult to achieve for adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.AimTo describe staff members’ perceptions of what participation means for adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.MethodUsing a phenomenographic approach, 27 interviews were analysed resulting in variations in the conditions for participation.ResultsThe interviews revealed conditions for participation at individual, staff and organisational levels.ConclusionParticipation appears to be an un‐reflected phenomenon, and several conditions must be met to achieve it. The conditions are experienced being fundamental for adults within the target group to achieve any kind of participation. The staff members and managers’ perceptions of participation as conditional can make it more difficult for adults within the target group to achieve the Swedish disability policy goal of participation.
Using biotic interactions in broad‐scale estimates of species’ distributions
Authors: Gherghel Iulian , Brischoux François , Papeş Monica 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the combined effect of abiotic and biotic factors on species distributions in a marine environment. Specifically, we aim to account for the effects of trophic interactions at broad scales in ecological niche models (ENMs) of sea kraits (Laticauda: Reptilia) by including the potential distribution of food resources as predictor variables.LocationOceania and Southeast Asia.MethodsFirst, we outline a simple method to generate biotic interaction variables for ENMs. We then test whether ENMs that include biotic interactions perform better than ENMs based on abiotic variables only.ResultsThe models based on biotic interactions (i.e. trophic interactions) and abiotic variables slightly outperformed the models informed only by abiotic variables. We found a strong relationship between prey species richness and probability of distribution of predator (sea kraits). The models that included potential distributions of prey species as predictor variables showed an increase in proportion of pixels predicted present and a decrease in omission error, compared with models based only on abiotic variables.Main conclusionsDistribution estimates of predator species at broad scales are more accurate if calibration of ENMs includes relevant biotic variables (prey species richness, in this study). Hence, when data are available, biotic variables should be included in ENMs.
Choice between phylogram and chronogram can have a dramatic impact on the location of phylogenetic diversity hotspots
Authors: Elliott Meg J. , Knerr Nunzio J. , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimBiodiversity is declining rapidly at a global scale, fuelling the need for urgent conservation action. With limited resources available, areas for conservation often need to be prioritized. Phylo‐diversity metrics such as phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) combine phylogenies and spatial distribution data and can be used to rank candidate areas for conservation. Phylogenetic trees underlying phylo‐diversity metrics are available in two main forms, phylograms and chronograms. We examined the use of these two types of phylogenies in spatial studies and tested whether there is a difference in the resultant hotspot localities when employing either for analysing the same dataset.LocationAustralia and New Zealand.MethodsWe reanalysed three published datasets and one new dataset of geocoded species presence data and DNA sequence data. In all cases, we inferred first a phylogram and then time‐calibrated it to keep tree topology constant. We conducted spatial analyses with equal area grid cells and compared the distribution of PD and PE hotspots (top 5% values) as well as Categorical Analysis of Neo‐ and Palaeo‐Endemism between phylogram and chronogram.ResultsWe found that both types of trees were frequently used in spatial studies but that there is no explicit discussion in the relevant community about either choice. Differences in the locations of hotspots between phylogram and chronogram ranged from 11% to 91%, with no clear correlation between tree shape and effect size.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that in some cases the choice between phylogram and chronogram can have a dramatic effect on the resulting hotspot distributions. Branch lengths of phylograms indicate divergence in features (or at least in those used to infer the phylogeny), while those of chronograms indicate time since divergence. The interpretation of the resulting phylo‐diversity hotspots should reflect this difference.
Formation of rivers and mountains drives diversification of primitively segmented spiders in continental East Asia
Authors: Xu Xin , Kuntner Matjaž , Liu Fengxiang , Chen Jian , Li Daiqin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimComplex topography in continental East Asia mirrors geological events such as formation of rivers and mountains, but to what extent these events drive diversification remains underexplored. We address this question by testing vicariant hypotheses using the primitively segmented spider genera Sinothela and Ganthela, focusing on diversification within Sinothela.LocationContinental East Asia.MethodsWe employ a three‐way test of six vicariant hypotheses derived from river and mountain formation: (a) phylogenetically, we evaluate the sister group relationships of lineages on either side of each barrier; (b) chronologically, we estimate the timing of splits in a time calibrated phylogenetic framework; (c) biogeographically, we infer whether each of these splits shows a reduction in ancestral areas.ResultsThree‐way tests fully support five barrier formation events: (a) the Oligocene–Miocene origin of Sinothela + Ganthela coincides with the 23–36.5 Ma range of the Yangtze River formation; (b) the Sinothela split into lineages on each side of the Qinling–Dabie mountains overlaps with the estimated uplift (2.6–23 Ma); (c) the origin of lineages on each side of Taihang Mts fits its hypothesized uplift (3.6–5.3 Ma); (d) the origin of lineages on each side of mid‐lower Yellow River supports the timing of its formation (1.8–3.6 Ma); (e) lineages on each side of the Yellow River eastern Ordos bend coincide with its origin (1.6 Ma). However, the Taishan Mts uplift as barrier formation is only partially supported.Main conclusionsOur results suggest vicariant origins of Sinothela and provide evidence for continental‐wide vicariant events that have shaped these spiders’ evolutionary history in continental East Asia. Our study also highlights how dated molecular phylogenies can narrow down too widely estimated time intervals of river and mountain formation by geologists. Primitively segmented spiders thus provide an excellent model for exploring how geological events shape biodiversity.
Effects of the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide on the experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Levi Yara L. A. S. , Novais Gabriela S. , Dias Raisa B. , Andraus Rodrigo A. C. , Messora Michel R. , Neto Hermann B. , Ervolino Edilson , Santinoni Carolina S. , Maia Luciana P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of the prebiotic (PREB) mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the progression of the experimental periodontitis (EP) and intestinal morphology in rats.Materials and MethodsForty rats were randomly allocated into groups (n = 10): C (control), PREB, EP and EP‐PREB. Groups PREB and EP‐PREB received MOS incorporated into the feed daily. After 30 days, groups EP and EP‐PREB received a cotton ligature around their mandibular first molars, kept for 14 days. Morphometrical, histomorphometrical, microcomputed tomography, gene expression analyses and immunohistochemistry were performed. Data were statistically analysed (p < 0.05).ResultsGroup EP‐PREB showed less interproximal bone loss, area without bone in the furcation and bone porosity, and greater bone mineral density than group EP (p < 0.05). It was also observed a significant decrease in IL‐10 and IFN‐γ gene expression, besides a decrease in TNF‐α and IL‐1β and an increase in TGF‐β immunolabeling score for group EP‐PREB. Group EP‐PREB also presented villous height and crept depth values similar to group C, while group EP presented reduced values (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt can be concluded that the oral administration of MOS promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss caused by EP in rats, modifying histologic and immune‐inflammatory parameters, in addition to protecting the intestine.
The scope and conventions of evidence‐based medicine need to be widened to deal with “too much medicine”
Authors: Llewelyn Huw 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn order that evidence‐based medicine can prevent “too much medicine”, it has to provide evidence in support of “gold standard” findings for use as diagnostic criteria, on which the assessment of other diagnostic tests and the outcomes of randomized controlled trials depend. When the results of such gold standard tests are numerical, cut‐off points have to be positioned, also based on evidence, to identify those in whom offering a treatment can be justified. Such a diagnosis depends on eliminating conditions that mimic the one to be treated. The distributions of the candidate gold standard test results in those with and without the required outcome of treatment are then used with Bayes rule to create curves that show the probabilities of the outcome with and without treatment. It is these curves that are used to identify a cut‐off point for offering a treatment to a patient and also to inform the patient's decision to accept or reject the suggested treatment. This decision is arrived at by balancing the probabilities of beneficial outcomes against the probabilities of harmful outcomes and other costs. The approach is illustrated with data from a randomized controlled trial on treating diabetic albuminuria with an angiotensin receptor blocker to prevent the development of the surrogate end‐point of “biochemical nephropathy”. The same approach can be applied to nonsurrogate outcomes such as death, disability, quality of life, relief of symptoms, and their prevention. Those with treatment‐justifying diagnoses such as “diabetic albuminuria” usually form part of a broader group such as “type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Any of these can be made the subject of evidence‐based differential diagnostic strategies.
Salivary S100A8/A9 in Sjögren's syndrome accompanied by lymphoma
Authors: Jazzar Ahoud A. , Shirlaw Penelope J. , Carpenter Guy H. , Challacombe Stephen J. , Proctor Gordon B. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundSjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the exocrine glands. The absence of early diagnostic markers contributes to delays in its diagnosis. Identification of changes in the protein profile of saliva is considered one of the promising strategies for the discovery of new biomarkers for SS.ObjectiveTo identify salivary protein biomarkers with potential for use in discriminating between different lymphoma risk subgroups of SS.MethodParotid and whole mouth saliva samples were collected from patients with SS, including those in subgroups at higher risk of developing or with confirmed lymphoma, non‐SS sicca disease controls and healthy subjects. An initial proteomics analysis by mass spectrometry (LCMSMS) identified S100A8/A9 as a biomarker and was followed by validation with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsSignificant differences were found in levels of S100A8/A9 in parotid saliva but not whole mouth saliva between patients with SS compared with healthy and disease control subjects (P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively). Subgroups of patients with SS based on lymphoma risk showed significant differences in salivary levels of S100A8/A9.ConclusionThe results suggest that salivary levels of S100A8/A9 can aid in differentiating between SS, disease control and healthy control subjects, especially the subgroups of SS with lymphoma or at higher risk of lymphoma.
The efficacy of polidocanol sclerotherapy in mucocele of the minor salivary gland
Authors: Liu Jian‐Lin , Zhang An‐Qi , Jiang Li‐Cheng , Li Ke‐Yi , Liu Feng‐Zhen , Yuan Dao‐Ying , Xu Kai , Fan Qing‐Chun , Liu Xian‐Bin , Zou Bo , Meng Zheng , Feng Yuan , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesMucocele of the minor salivary gland is usually caused when the duct is injured, mucus leaks into the tissue space and the mucous gland are obstructed, which lead to cystic lesion formation and dilatation. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic methods available with various outcomes. This study aims to provide clinical evidence of polidocanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of mucocele of the minor salivary gland.MethodsIn this study, we injected polidocanol into 112 patients who were diagnosed with mucocele of the minor salivary gland and evaluated the treatment efficacy and safety systematically.ResultsOf the 122 cases, 102 cases were cured, eight cases showed remarkable remission, and two cases had partial remission. No recurrence was found during follow‐up, and none of the cases showed an invalid effect, resulting in a total cure rate of 91.07%. No severe side effects were observed during treatment or the follow‐up period. No significant difference in efficacy between different genders was found (P = 0.490). Polidocanol sclerotherapy for mucocele on the lower lip was more effective compared to mucocele on the inferior surface of the lingual apex (P = 0.035).ConclusionPolidocanol sclerotherapy showed satisfying curative effects for mucocele of the minor salivary gland without causing side effects of anesthesia, trauma, or severe pain.
Neuroticism confers vulnerability in response to experimentally induced feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: Implications for suicide risk
Authors: Hartley Elise L. , Stritzke Werner G. K. , Page Andrew C. , Blades Caroline A. , Parentich Kylee T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the role of individual differences in neuroticism in conferring increased reactivity to the interpersonal antecedents for suicide proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide.MethodUndergraduate students (N = 113) were screened and selected to form high (n = 58) and low (n = 55) neuroticism groups, and an experimental computer task was used to manipulate participants’ experience of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Participants’ self‐reported desire to persist in the face of this induced interpersonal adversity was measured.ResultsResults indicate that high neuroticism confers increased reactivity to the experimental induction of the interpersonal antecedents of suicidal ideation: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Furthermore, this vulnerability corresponds to a diminished desire to persist with the task in the face of interpersonal adversity.ConclusionsNeuroticism confers vulnerability for suicidal desire via an increased reactivity to the proximal, causal risk factors proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide. This has implications for considering how personality risk factors such as neuroticism may interact with proximal interpersonal risk factors to increase suicidal ideation.
Integrating whole trait theory and self‐determination theory
Authors: Prentice Mike , Jayawickreme Eranda , Fleeson William 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe explore and explicate some promising points of integration between self‐determination theory (SDT) and whole trait theory (WTT). Integrating SDT and WTT can offer an example for navigating challenges that have long confronted integrating trait‐descriptive and motivational‐explanatory views of personality. We review SDT and WTT in turn. The review of SDT is organized around the emergence of its six mini‐theories. The review of WTT will introduce the descriptive and explanatory elements as aspects of whole traits, and it will also provide a functional view of traits as tools for goal pursuit. For integrating the two, we point out the many instances in which SDT motivational concepts are interpretive or goal activation processes that act as intermediaries between the inputs and outputs WTT describes. Because WTT has focused on outputs as trait manifestations, we can begin to link SDT’s need satisfaction processes to traits and their manifestations. This integration leads to a key proposition that traits are tools for satisfying basic psychological needs; basic psychological needs can (partially) explain traits. This then paves the way to novel research questions.
Similarity of vocational interest profiles within families: A person‐centered approach for examining associations between circumplex profiles
Authors: Etzel Julian M. , Lüdtke Oliver , Wagner Jenny , Nagy Gabriel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveOur study addressed three questions concerning the similarity of vocational interests within families: (a) How similar are vocational interests of mothers and fathers? (b) How similar are vocational interests of parents and their children? (c) Is the inference about parent–child profile similarity affected by mother–father profile similarity?MethodData from N=1,624 tenth graders and their parents were used to analyze interest profile similarity by means of a pseudo‐coupling approach. Similarity was assessed on the level of observed profiles and model‐based circumplex profiles.ResultsInterest profiles of mother–father and parent–child dyads were more similar to each other than those of corresponding arbitrarily paired dyads. However, when the similarity between the parents’ interest profiles was accounted for, only same‐sex parent–child dyads were more similar to each other than would be expected by chance. All findings were mirrored on the level of observed profiles and model‐based circumplex profiles.ConclusionsIn sum, our findings support the validity of the circumplex model of vocational interests and emphasize the benefits of explicitly considering its implications when analyzing profile similarity. Moreover, we were able to show that the statistical evaluation of profile similarities must account for normative profile components.
Coping trajectories in emerging adulthood: The influence of temperament and gender
Authors: Jenzer Tiffany , Read Jennifer P. , Naragon‐Gainey Kristin , Prince Mark A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe study of coping has far‐reaching implications for understanding psychopathology and resilience, as well as for the treatment of psychological disorders. Developmental work has examined how the ability to cope changes across time in children and adolescents; however, work in emerging adulthood is still lacking. Coping is thought to emerge from basic biological and psychological processes, such as temperament and gender, which may influence the trajectory of coping use over time.MethodUsing a sample of college students (N = 1,000), our 4‐year longitudinal study with yearly assessments sought to (a) examine the trajectory of coping styles in emerging adulthood and to (b) examine the influence of temperament and gender on these coping trajectories.ResultsOur findings suggest that young adults’ use of avoidance strategies decreased slightly over college, whereas the use of approach strategies and social support seeking remained stable. Temperament (BIS/BAS) and gender were related to certain coping styles at baseline and appeared to have an influence on some of these trajectories over time, though these associations were complex.ConclusionsThis work may inform intervention research attempting to promote adaptive coping because it may help identify young adults most in need of such interventions.