bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Irregular Astigmatism and Curvature Changes After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction: Three-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sideroudi Haris , Lazaridis Apostolos , Messerschmidt-Roth Anke , Labiris Georgios , Kozobolis Vassilios , Sekundo Walter 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term changes in anterior and posterior corneal irregular astigmatism and curvatures after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods:
Fifty eyes of 28 patients underwent SMILE for myopic astigmatism. All procedures were performed using the VisuMax® femtosecond laser. A Scheimpflug camera was used for preoperative and 3-year postoperative tomography. Anterior and posterior corneal Fourier parameters (spherical component, regular astigmatism, asymmetry, and irregularity) and curvature data were evaluated and compared within 2 subgroups according to the magnitude of the refractive correction (low myopia group: spherical equivalent (SEQ) ≥ −6 D; high myopia group: (SEQ) < −6 D). Associations between all studied parameters were examined.

Results:
Three years postoperatively, an increase in anterior corneal curvatures and Fourier parameters was detected and the results were strongly correlated with the preoperative SEQ, lenticule thickness, and volume. At the posterior cornea, the flattest radius, corneal astigmatism, spherical component, regular astigmatism, and irregularity decreased only in the high myopia group. A correlation was found between changes in posterior astigmatism and changes in anterior radii (R = 0.349, P = 0.014), SEQ (R = 0.396, P = 0.0049), and lenticule thickness (R = −0.414, P = 0.0031). Moreover, changes in posterior corneal irregularity correlated with the changes in anterior and posterior radii (R = −0.3, P = 0.034, and R = 0.449, P = 0.0012, respectively), changes in preoperative SEQ (R = 0.284, P = 0.0477), and lenticule thickness (R = −0.311, P = 0.0298).

Conclusions:
Three years after SMILE, there was a reduction of posterior astigmatism in high refractive corrections. This could result in undercorrection in high refractive treatments. Total irregularities increased despite the compensatory effect of the posterior corneal surface.
Changes in Ocular Hypotensive Drug Usage for Glaucoma Treatment After Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Population-based Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Pei-Yao , Wang Jiun-Yi , Chang Shu-Wen , Chang Yu-Chia 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to observe the changes in the demand for prescriptions of ocular hypertensive drug (OHD) after cataract surgery, to investigate patterns of change in the required OHD amount in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) cases, and to determine the associated factors related to the change.

Materials and Methods:
This population-based cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database enrolled patients with glaucoma who underwent bilateral cataract surgeries within 2 years between 2001 and 2012. The major dependent variables were the total amounts of OHDs prescribed within 1 year before the first cataract surgery and 1 year after the second cataract surgery. We compared the overall change in the required OHD amount before and after cataract surgery and further explored potential factors affecting the change.

Results:
Among the 440 patients, there were more cases of ACG than OAG (68.6% vs. 31.4%). The total OHD amount prescribed reduced significantly after cataract surgery in patients with OAG (median, from 12 to 6 bottles before and after the surgery, P<0.0001) and ACG (median, from 10 to 3 bottles, P<0.0001), and the reduction was sustained for 5 years. The reduction was significantly larger in patients with ACG and higher demand for OHD (P=0.0157). Among the OAG cases, the reduction was significantly larger in patients who were female individuals (P=0.0138), treated in clinics (P=0.0305), and exhibited high demand for OHD (P=0.0282).

Conclusions:
The prescriptions of OHDs by glaucoma patients reduced considerably after cataract surgery. Although the reduction proportion of the demand for OHD after cataract surgery was significantly larger in patients with ACG than in those with OAG, the reduction was sustained for 5 years in both types of glaucoma.
Applicability of ISNT Rule Using BMO-MRW to Differentiate Between Healthy and Glaucomatous Eyes
Authors: Park Do Young , Lee Eun Jung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
We evaluated the applicability of the ISNT rule using Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) in healthy eyes and eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Materials and Methods:
In total, 124 healthy eyes and 136 NTG eyes were analyzed. Using 2-dimensional disc photographs, neuroretinal rim (NRR) thickness was measured at the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal sides of the optic disc. Using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, BMO-MRW was measured at the same regions. We compared the applicability of the ISNT rule in healthy and NTG eyes between these 2 methods. If the NRR was not clearly distinguished on disc photographs, the eye was classified into the “indistinguishable NRR” group and we only tested applicability of the ISNT rule using BMO-MRW.

Results:
The specificity of “violation of the ISNT rule” for the diagnosis of glaucoma was higher when BMO-MRW was used (66.3%) than using disc photographs (42.2%), whereas the sensitivity did not show a significant difference between the 2 methods (91.7% vs. 86.5%). Compared with eyes with distinguishable NRR (179 eyes), eyes with indistinguishable NRR (81 eyes) had higher axial length, more negative refractive error, and higher tilt ratio (P<0.001). The diagnostic ability of “violation of ISNT rule” using BMO-MRW was not significantly different between eyes with indistinguishable NRR and those with distinguishable NRR (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Application of the ISNT rule using BMO-MRW shows superiority in distinguishing between healthy and glaucomatous optic discs compared with disc photographs. The ISNT rule can be applied using BMO-MRW even when NRR is indistinguishable on disc photographs, such as in myopic tilted discs.
The Efficacy of Deep Sclerectomy on Posture-induced Intraocular Pressure Changes
Authors: Aragno Vittoria , Labbé Antoine , Brion Frédérique , Baudouin Christophe , Hamard Pascale 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) on posture-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) changes in open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with OAG that underwent NPDS were included in this study. IOP was measured with the IcarePro (ICP) tonometer in the sitting, supine, dependent lateral decubitus position (DLDP), and nondependent lateral decubitus position (NDLDP) before surgery, and at 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Results:
The mean baseline IOP measured in the sitting position was 20.5±8.4 mm Hg with Goldmann applanation tonometry and 19.6±6.5 mm Hg with ICP. At 1 and 3 months after NPDS, mean IOP decreased significantly in each position (P<0.001). At each time point, mean IOP was higher in all lying positions than in the sitting position (P<0.001) and higher in the DLDP than in the supine and NDLDP positions (P<0.001 and P=0.001). Posture-induced IOP changes between the sitting and supine position, DLDP, and NDLDP, respectively, were significantly reduced by 77% (P=0.009), 60% (P=0.001), and 82% (P=0.01) at 1 month and by 79% (P=0.004), 70% (P<0.001), and 79% (P<0.001) at 3 months after surgery. The IOP fluctuation reduction was significantly inferior when considering sitting-DLDP than other postural changes.

Conclusions:
NPDS is effective in lowering the mean IOP in all body positions and also the postural IOP fluctuations. The mean IOP in the DLDP remained higher than in the other body positions. This posture should be avoided in patients with asymmetric OAG.
Linezolid-containing Treatment Regimens for Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Prieto Luis M. , Santiago Begoña , del Rosal Teresa , Carazo Begoña , Jiménez Ana B. , Pérez-Gorricho Beatriz , Rubio Felipe , Tagarro Alfredo , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Moreno-Pérez David , Mellado María J. , Baquero-Artigao Fernando 
Published: May 2018

Background:
In recent years, there is an increasing interest in the use of linezolid for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB).

Methods:
Patients less than 18 years of age who received linezolid within the Spanish Pediatric TB Network from 2001 to 2016 were retrospectively included. Treatment characteristics, adverse events (AEs) and outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
Fifteen children were included (53% male) with a median age of 3.6 years [interquartile range (IQR): 1.6–6.2]. Median follow-up was 54 months (IQR: 38–76). The reasons for linezolid use were drug-resistant TB in 8 (53%) patients, drug-induced liver injury in 5 (33%) patients and chronic liver disease in 2 (13%) patients. Four children (26%) were on immunosuppressive therapy when TB was diagnosed. Five children (33%) were diagnosed with extrapulmonary TB. The median duration of linezolid treatment was 13 months (IQR: 7.5–17). Nine patients had 13 linezolid-related AEs. Hematologic toxicity was observed in 8 patients (53%) and gastrointestinal intolerance in 3 patients (20%). In 2 patients, linezolid dose was reduced, and in 2 patients, linezolid was discontinued because of AEs. A 2-year-old girl went back to her country of birth and was lost to follow-up. No relapses were observed among the other 14 patients (93%).

Conclusions:
Linezolid may be considered when treating children with drug-resistant TB but also in the cases of patients with chronic liver disease or drug-induced liver injury. However, AEs should be closely monitored. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum dosage and the optimal duration of linezolid treatment in children.
Zika Virus–Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a Returning US Traveler
Authors: Beattie Jason , Parajuli Sunita , Sanger Matthew , Lee Gregory , Pleninger Perrin , Crowley George , Kwon Sophia , Murthy Vivek , Manko Jeffrey A. , Caplan Arthur , Dufort Elizabeth , Pastula Daniel M. , Nolan Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Roughly 60% of people in countries such as the United States live in areas at risk of seasonal spread of ZIKV. Zika virus belongs to a class of diseases that is not typically seen in hospital settings across the United States and Europe. We describe the case presentation, management, and treatment of ZIKV infection complicated by GBS. A 64-year-old woman with recent travel to the Dominican Republic presented with rash followed by an acute, ascending polyneuropathy consistent with GBS. She was confirmed to have an acute ZIKV infection by detection of ZIKV nucleic acid by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. She met Brighton Collaboration criteria level 1 evidence for GBS. She received 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin and slowly improved, but still had weakness at discharge. More research is needed to identify the pathophysiology behind ZIKV-associated GBS and its optimal treatment. Prevention is fundamental to limiting infection and spread of ZIKV.
Genetic characteristics of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Vajravelu Mary Ellen , De León Diva D. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. Early and appropriate recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia is vital to minimize neurocognitive impairment.

Recent findings
There are at least 11 known monogenic forms of hyperinsulinism and several associated syndromes. Molecular diagnosis allows for prediction of the effectiveness of diazoxide and the likelihood of focal hyperinsulinism. Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP hyperinsulinism) account for 60% of all identifiable mutations, including 85% of diazoxide-unresponsive cases. Syndromes or disorders associated with hyperinsulinism include Beckwith−Wiedemann syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Turner syndrome, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. Although focal hyperinsulinism can be cured by resection of the lesion, therapeutic options for nonfocal hyperinsulinism remain limited and include diazoxide, octreotide, long-acting somatostatin analogs, and near-total pancreatectomy. Although sirolimus has been reported to improve glycemic control in infants with diazoxide-unresponsive hyperinsulinism, the extent of improvement has been limited, and significant adverse events have been reported.

Summary
Identification of the cause of congenital hyperinsulinism helps guide management decisions. Use of therapies with limited benefit and significant potential risks should be avoided.
Age Differences in the Coping Strategies of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kang Youngmi , Son Heesook 
Published: May 2018

Background
Colon and/or rectum cancer (CRC) patients use various strategies to cope with their condition, and these can vary between age groups.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to investigate differences between psychosocial/spiritual variables and coping strategies in CRC patients of different age groups (younger vs older) and to identify the predictors of coping for both age groups.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 3 outpatient clinics in Korea. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Social Support Scale, and Self-Transcendence Scale were used to measure psychosocial and spiritual variables; the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale was used to assess cancer-specific coping strategies.

Results
Both younger and older patients who were psychologically distressed used more maladaptive coping. Individuals who received less social support from healthcare providers used more maladaptive coping strategies. For younger patients, self-transcendence was the only significant predictor of both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies; for older patients, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score was the only significant predictor of maladaptive coping.

Conclusion
Differences in psychological distress, social support, and self-transcendence due to age are important protective or risk factors for the use of coping strategies among CRC patients.

Implications for Practice
Considering our findings, we encourage healthcare professionals to be aware of patients' coping strategies and take them into account when planning age-specific interventions related to coping, before hospital discharge.
Toradol following Breast Surgery: Is There an Increased Risk of Hematoma?
Authors: Nguyen Brittany N. , Barta Ruth J. , Stewart Christine E. , Heinrich Cherrie A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, is used with increased frequency given its success in postoperative pain control and the subsequent decreased need for narcotics. Its use has been limited in plastic surgery for fear of postoperative bleeding and hematoma formation. In this study of breast surgery patients, the authors investigated whether ketorolac increased the risk of postoperative hematoma formation.

Methods:
After obtaining institutional review board approval, the authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients undergoing breast surgery from January of 2012 through December of 2014. The authors compared the incidence of postoperative hematomas in patients who did, versus those who did not, receive ketorolac postoperatively.

Results:
For the entire cohort, the overall hematoma rate was 2.8 percent. Of the patients who received ketorolac, the rate was 3.5 percent; of those who did not, the rate was 2.5 percent. Of the breast reduction patients, the rate was 4 percent in those who received ketorolac versus 3.2 percent in those who did not. Of the breast reconstruction patients, the rate was 4 percent in those who received ketorolac versus 3.2 percent in those who did not.

Conclusions:
Recently, the high rates of prescribing postoperative narcotics have received increased attention. Aside from the risk of increased availability of narcotics in the community, the side effects can delay patient recovery. Ketorolac is controversial for postoperative pain control because of the potential risk of bleeding, but in the authors’ 3-year retrospective study, it was not associated with an increased risk of hematoma formation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Quality of Surgical Outcomes Reporting in Plastic Surgery: A 15-Year Analysis of Complication Data
Authors: Parikh Rajiv P. , Sharma Ketan , Qureshi Ali A. , Franco Michael J. , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Postoperative complication data are integral to assessing patient outcomes and identifying areas for improving quality in surgical care. Accurate appraisal of surgical techniques requires consistency and reliability in complication data reporting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of complication reporting in plastic surgery.

Methods:
The authors critically reviewed the literature from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014, to identify articles reporting surgical outcomes after three index procedures: autologous breast reconstruction, prosthetic breast reconstruction, and reduction mammaplasty. Studies were extracted from the journals Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Annals of Plastic Surgery. Two authors independently analyzed data using a modification of established criteria for complication reporting that incorporates 10 critical elements.

Results:
Two hundred ninety-six articles reporting outcomes for 299,819 procedures in 249,942 patients were analyzed. Of the 10 reporting criteria, no articles met all criteria, fewer than 1 percent met nine, 16 percent met seven to eight, 43 percent met five to six, 35 percent met three to four, and 6 percent met one to two (mean, five criteria met). Commonly underreported criteria included complication definitions (37 percent of articles reported), aesthetic or patient-reported outcome (28 percent), and complication severity (16 percent). Only 46 studies (16 percent) reported complication severity, with 15 different definitions of what constituted a “major” complication. Risk factors for complications were absent in 37 percent of articles.

Conclusions:
Inconsistency in reporting complications in the plastic surgery literature confounds the comparison of surgical outcomes. The use of standard guidelines to accurately, efficiently, and reproducibly report complication data is essential for quality assurance and improvement.
The Functional Anatomy of the Superficial Fat Compartments of the Face: A Detailed Imaging Study
Authors: Schenck Thilo L. , Koban Konstantin C. , Schlattau Alexander , Frank Konstantin , Sykes Jonathan M. , Targosinski Stefan , Erlbacher Katharina , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The superficial (subcutaneous) facial fat compartments contribute to the signs of facial aging, but a comprehensive anatomical description of their location and their functional behavior during the application of soft-tissue fillers remains elusive.

Methods:
The authors investigated 30 fresh frozen cephalic specimens from 13 male and 17 female Caucasian body donors (age, 78.3 ± 14.2 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2). Upright-position, contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning, and additional magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Three-dimensional reconstruction–based measures were conducted to evaluate the position of the applied contrast agent in each compartment separately. Successive anatomical dissections were performed to confirm the imaging findings.

Results:
Positive correlations were detected between the amounts of injected material and the inferior displacement for the superficial nasolabial (rp = 0.92, p = 0.003), middle cheek (rp = 0.70, p = 0.05), and jowl (rp = 0.92, p = 0.03) compartments but not for the medial cheek (rp = 0.20, p = 0.75), lateral cheek (rp = 0.15, p = 0.75), or the superior (rp = −0.32, p = 0.41) or inferior superficial temporal compartment (rp = −0.52, p = 0.29).

Conclusion:
This study confirms the presence of distinct subcutaneous fat compartments and provides evidence for an individual behavior when soft-tissue fillers are applied: inferior displacement of the superficial nasolabial, middle cheek, and jowl compartments, in contrast to an increase in volume without displacement (i.e., an increase in projection) of the medial cheek, lateral cheek, and both superficial temporal compartments.
Outcomes of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty in the Cleft Population
Authors: Grover Ritwik , Barnett Addison , Rampazzo Antonio , Papay Frank , Gharb Bahar Bassiri 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Sphincter pharyngoplasty (SP) is becoming increasingly popular for correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after cleft palate repair because of high success rate, low incidence of postoperative obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and ease of revision in case of failure. This study is a meta-analysis of SP outcomes, reasons for failure, and revision strategies.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of the literature on SP outcomes was conducted. Sphincter pharyngoplasty failure was defined as persistent hypernasality, incomplete velopharyngeal port (VP) closure on instrumental evaluation with concomitant VPI, or nonresolving hyponasality and/or OSA persisting >3 months after surgery. Two-tailed paired Student t test was used to compare outcomes between syndromic versus nonsyndromic patients and preoperative versus postoperative OSA rates.

Results:
Forty-four publications evaluating 2402 patients were included. Overall SP success rate was 78.4% (77.3% in nonsyndromic vs 84.8% in syndromic patients, P = 0.11). Overall primary revision rate was 17.8% (20% in nonsyndromic vs 15.4% in syndromic patients P = 0.97). Most failures (89.5%) manifested as persistent VPI with continued hypernasality requiring revision, whereas 10.5% of failures manifested as obstructive symptoms and/or severe hyponasality requiring revision. Causal factors of SP failure were the following: large central port (62.8%), dehiscence (15.5%), tight port (12.1%), and low-inset (9.7%). Primary revision success rate was 75.6%. Obstructive sleep apnea rates increased from 5.1% to 18.4% (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that SP can resolve VPI in 78.4% of patients, which can be increased to 94.7% after one revision. Most failures are technique-dependent; therefore, there could be significant ground for improvement of outcomes.