bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Step to a Nation? The Irish Postal Service and the Home Rule Crisis
Authors: FITZPATRICK CLAIRE 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines the fate of the proposition in the original third Home Rule bill of 1912 to grant control of the Post Office to the Irish government and the implications this had on debates about the future government of Ireland. It places this within the broader context of calls made by Irish Nationalists for control of the Post Office, disagreements between the Gaelic League and the Post Office, and the choice of the GPO as a rebel target in 1916. A reading of the debates at a parliamentary and popular level reveals wider concerns about the nature of the Home Rule settlement, threats to imperial authority, status, security and financial interests and Ulster. It discusses how national identity and aspirations for sovereignty were expressed through control over this symbolic, vital organ of the state. A study of the Post Office reveals much about communications, questions of patronage and employment and how the state in the nineteenth century became more engaged in people's lives. The fate of the Post Office in Ireland reflected the country's fate. That the Home Rule act of 1914 was suspended during the course of the war and never came into operation opened up possibilities for alternative action. Irish Nationalists understood the importance of institutions for the building of national character. As a space of power, the GPO in Dublin was a physical expression of the British state in Ireland. Its choice as a rebel target in 1916 was a key assertion of identity, power and nation.
Bidirectional regulation between 1st trimester HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells and in vitro differentiated Th17/Treg cells suggest a fetal‐maternal regulatory loop in human pregnancy
Authors: Wang Songcun , Qian Jinfeng , Sun Fengrun , Li Mengdie , Ye Jiangfeng , Li Mingqing , Du Meirong , Li Dajin 
Published: February 2019

ProblemDuring normal pregnancy, delicate crosstalk is established between fetus‐derived trophoblasts and maternal immune cells to ensure maternal‐fetal tolerance and successful placentation. Dysfunction in these interactions has been highly linked to certain pregnancy complications.Method of studyNaïve CD4+T cells were cultivated with or without 1st trimester derived trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo cells in the absence or presence of T helper 17 (Th17) or regulatory (Treg)cell‐inducing differentiation conditions. After 5 days of co‐culture, HTR8/SVneo cells and CD4+T cells were harvested and analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsCD4+T cells exposed to HTR8/SVneo cells showed enhanced induction of CD4+Foxp3+Treg cells with strong expression of TGF‐β1 and inhibitory molecules (cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 [CTLA‐4], T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 [Tim‐3], and programmed cell death‐1 [PD‐1]). Though not effecting Th17 differentiation, exposure to HTR8/SVneo cells promoted increased expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers on Th17 cells. Co‐culture with Th0 cells, or differentiated Th17 or Treg cells, down‐regulated Caspase‐3 and MMP‐9 (but not MMP‐2) expression in HTR8/SVneo cells, while promoting Ki67 expression.ConclusionsHTR8/SVneo cells regulated maternal CD4+T‐cell differentiation, resulting in the expansion of immunosuppressive Treg cells, while CD4+T cells might promote the growth, and control the invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells. Thus, a bidirectional regulatory loop might exist between trophoblasts and maternal immune cell subsets, thereby promoting harmonious maternal‐fetal crosstalk.
Protective effects of coffee consumption following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis
Authors: Wiltberger Georg , Wu Yan , Lange Undine , Hau Hans‐Michael , Tapper Elliot , Krenzien Felix , Atanasov Georgi , Benzing Christian , Feldbrügge Linda , Csizmadia Eva , Broschewitz Johannes , Bartels Michael , Seehofer Daniel , Jonas Sven , Berg Thomas , Hessel Phillip , Ascherl Rudi , Neumann Ulf P. , Pratschke Johann , Robson Simon C. , Schmelzle Moritz 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that coffee consumption might protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis‐associated death risk. Caffeine is a natural antagonist to extracellular adenosine and exhibits experimental tumoricidal activity.AimTo evaluate if coffee consumption has beneficial effects on HCC recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsCoffee consumption of patients before and after OLT for HCC was assessed and correlated with HCC recurrence. HepG2 cells were analysed for proliferation and metastasis potential after treatment with adenosine, in the presence or absence of adenosine receptor antagonists. Expression of adenosine receptors was determined, and known adenosine‐mediated cancer pathways inclusive of MAPK and NF‐kappa B were tested.ResultsNinety patients underwent OLT for HCC. Sixteen (17.8%) patients experienced HCC recurrence after median time of 11.5 months (range 1‐40.5). For overall survival postoperative coffee intake emerged as major factor of hazard reduction in a multivariate analysis (HR = 0.2936, 95% CI = 0.12‐0.71, P = 0.006). Those with such postoperative coffee intake (≥3 cups per day) had a longer overall survival than those who consumed less or no coffee: M = 11.0 years, SD = 0.52 years vs. M = 7.48 years, SD = 0.76 years = 4.7, P = 0.029).ConclusionsCoffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of HCC recurrence and provides for increased survival following OLT. We suggest that these results might be, at least in part, associated with the antagonist activity of caffeine on adenosine‐A2AR mediated growth‐promoting effects on HCC cells.
Editorial: ascitic cholesterol – is it superior to serum‐ascites albumin gradient? Authors’ reply
Authors: Du Li , Zhu Shenghua , Hou Xiaohua , Song Yuhu 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Du et al and Patel and Siddiqui papers. To
view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15042 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15078.
60th Anniversary of the Seminal Paper on Interval Analysis and Computations by T. Sunaga
Authors: Anguelov Roumen , Markov Svetoslav 
Published: February 2019

Sunaga considered all computational procedures, which had beenВ traditionally defined on real numbers, as being too ideal andВ proposed to replace them by the procedures on real intervals inВ order to make everything "more realistic". Sunaga studied manyВ different kinds of numerical procedures including the Taylor-seriesВ interval solution of the initial-value problem of ordinaryВ differential equations.The purpose of the present note is to mark the 60-th anniversary of the publication of the seminal work by the Japan mathematician Teruo Sunaga. The paper summarizes the results of his Master Thesis. Sunaga's work sets the foundation of the contemporary interval analysis and reliable computing. This is an interdisciplinary field, combining abstract mathematical theories and practical applications related to computer science, numerical analysis and mathematical modeling in the natural, engineering and social-economic sciences.
Low frequency of pre‐treatment and post‐treatment haematological abnormalities in dogs with non‐infectious meningoencephalitis treated with cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone
Authors: Keegan Sarah , Rose Jeremy H , Khan Zohra , Liebel Francois‐Xavier 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCytosine arabinoside (CA) and prednisolone are drugs commonly used together in the management of canine non‐infectious meningoencephalitis (NIME). The aim of this study was to report the haematological findings before and after CA and prednisolone treatment and identify any adverse haematological events in this clinical setting, following the veterinary cooperative oncology group established common terminology criteria for recording adverse events following administration of chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy.ResultsWhile 48 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of NIME had pretreatment haematology results, only 12 patients met the inclusion criteria of also having post‐treatment haematology results available for review after being treated with prednisolone and CA at a standard dose (200 mg/m2) in a single referral hospital in the UK. Forty‐nine post‐treatment haematology results were available for these 12 patients.ConclusionsFour adverse haematological events were identified in four patients. None of these events were convincingly attributable to CA administration.
Distinguishing the generalized knot groups of square and granny knot analogues
Authors: Al Fran Howida , Tuffley Christopher 
Published: February 2019

Given a knot [Formula: see text], we may construct a group [Formula: see text] from the fundamental group of [Formula: see text] by adjoining an [Formula: see text]th root of the meridian that commutes with the corresponding longitude. For [Formula: see text] these “generalized knot groups” determine [Formula: see text] up to reflection. The second author has shown that for [Formula: see text], the generalized knot groups of the square and granny knots can be distinguished by counting homomorphisms into a suitably chosen finite group. We extend this result to certain generalized knot groups of square and granny knot analogues [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], constructed as connected sums of [Formula: see text]-torus knots of opposite or identical chiralities. More precisely, for coprime [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] satisfying a coprimality condition with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we construct an explicit finite group [Formula: see text] (depending on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be distinguished by counting homomorphisms into [Formula: see text]. The coprimality condition includes all [Formula: see text] coprime to [Formula: see text]. The result shows that the difference between these two groups can be detected using a finite group.
The Expression for Work in a Root's Blower
Authors: Kestin J. , Owczarek J. A. 
Published: February 2019

This paper contains the derivation of an expression for the ideal work of compression in a Root's blower, which takes into account the inherent irreversibility of the process. Moreover, the expression takes into account the finite delivery volume, and it is shown that the conventional formula is contained in the more accurate formula as a limiting case for infinite delivery volume. Formulae are derived which enable the delivery temperature to be calculated for given values of overall pressure ratio and for several values of the pocket to delivery-volume ratio. Graphs of power coefficients are given, so that the calculation of horse-power is facilitated. The horse-power can be calculated either for a given volume of free air delivered or for the volume of discharge required.
Water Turbine Governors
Authors: Dennis N. G. 
Published: February 2019

In this paper is presented a general picture of closed-sequence system controls of hydro-electric plants, covering the relation between water-turbine governors and water level, power, frequency and tie-line controls. Special mention is made of the difficulty of governing created by the inertia of the water in the pipe-line. Different types of water-turbine governor are examined. This is followed by an analytical description of the miscellany of devices incorporated into water-turbine governors, including centrifugal devices and their drives, hydraulic and mechanical addition and subtraction, pilot relays, distributing valves and servomotors, temporary-return-motion and acceleration-sensitive devices. A description is given of the simultaneous control of guide vanes and runner vanes, or guide vanes and relief valve, or spear and diffuser or deflector. Various arrangements for supplying pressure oil are mentioned for small governors and for very large governors where 300,000 ft.-lb. of energy can be released in a single stroke. This descriptive analysis is followed by a description of an actual governor. The paper concludes with an appendix which gives a brief theoretical analysis of the behaviour of a water-turbine governor.
Creep Properties of Steels Utilized in High-pressure and High-temperature Superheater and Steam Pipe Practice. Part III: Revision of Long-time Creep Data for a Carbon Steel Header and a Carbon–Molybdenum Steel Pipe
Authors: Ridley R. W. 
Published: February 2019

This report is the third of a series dealing with the creep properties of steels. In Parts I and II†, estimated temperatures were given for 0·1-0·5 per cent creep in periods of up to 100,000 hours for three carbon, and three carbon-molybdenum, steels, over a selected range of stress; the estimates being obtained by logarithmic extrapolation of creep tests of less than 10,000 hours’ duration. Part III gives revised temperature estimates for one superheater header carbon steel at 5 tons per sq. in. and for one carbon–molybdenum steam-pipe steel at 6 tons per sq. in., based on the results of creep tests at these stresses lasting 67,000 hours. The extended tests indicate that modifications are necessary in the previously extrapolated temperatures corresponding to 100,000 hours. The two tests are being continued for the full time of 100,000 hours.
An Investigation of Fretting Corrosion
Authors: Wright K. H. R. 
Published: February 2019

In this paper a series of experiments is described on the subject of fretting corrosion, an expression used to describe the surface damage occurring between two closely fitting surfaces subject to slight vibrational movement. The emphasis of the research has been placed upon obtaining quantitative measurements of the degree of fretting damage, and it has been shown that considerable reproducibility can be obtained, thus making it possible to correlate this measurement with such variables as total number of oscillations, load, or atmospheric humidity. Humidity variations have been shown to have a pronounced effect on both the form and total amount of damage, and this probably accounts for the large discrepancies between the observations obtained by different workers. Although most of the measurements have been made using lapped carbon-steel specimens, some results were obtained with other materials such as chromium, nickel, and gold. Nickel plating has been advocated as an anti-fretting surface, but the experiments clearly show this to be ineffective, unless it can be assumed that the nickel plating has the additional effect of reducing the slip between the two surfaces. The use of lubricated phosphated surfaces can be strongly recommended for inhibiting fretting corrosion, from the results obtained with this form of surface preparation rubbing against a steel flat. Additional experiments have been carried out with carbon-steel surfaces to establish the significance of the absorption and diffusivity of oxygen in surrounding liquid media.
A Room Temperature Photo-elastic Technique for Three-dimensional Problems
Authors: Lamble J. H. , Bayoumi Salah E. A. 
Published: February 2019

For the application of photo-elasticity to the stress analysis of three-dimensional problems, the existing methods rely on the “stress-freezing” property of thermosetting resins. This again requires the model material to have certain characteristics that are not always present. The lack of these leads to experimental difficulties that may be overcome only by skilful technique. In the “sandwich” method described in the paper, the difficulties associated with stress-freezing— as, for example, large distortion of the model and rind effect—are avoided by loading at room temperature. In addition a series of fringe patterns is obtained for the specific plane selected for investigation, as distinct from one pattern only for a frozen slice. These patterns are repeatable for the same loading. The difficulties that arise in the production of a sandwich in “Perspex”, with “Catalin 800” as the birefringent layer, are discussed in detail. It is emphasized that, before it is made up into the sandwich, the Catalin 800 must be subjected to additional curing to bring its elastic properties into line with those of Perspex; this also improves its behaviour at room temperature. Semicircular notches on round bars subjected to axial tension have been selected to demonstrate the correctness of the solutions obtained, and the results are in good agreement with those predicted by Neuber (1945)‡. The method has been applied also to the case of a thick cylinder under internal pressure, to investigate the increased stresses arising at a diametral port, and also to the estimation of the stress distribution in nut and bolt assemblies. Despite certain limitations met with in each particular application, it is evident that the “composite model technique” described in the paper provides a very useful tool for stress analysis in three-dimensional problems.
Fast-track off-pump coronary artery bypass: single-center experience
Authors: Mangukia Chirantan , Kachhadia Mehul , Meswani Manish 
Published: February 2019

Aim The primary goal of the study was to perform retrospective analysis of fast-track coronary artery bypass grafting at our institute to identify risk factors for prolonged hospital stay. A secondary goal was to identify and compare survival statistics with those published in literature. Method We performed a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in our fast-track coronary artery bypass protocol. There were 709 patients with a mean age of 58.85 ± 8.9 years; 572 were men. The mean EuroSCORE II was 2.02% ± 2.64%. Of these 709 patients, 538 (76%) met the requirements for discharge within 100 hours. Results Prolonged ventilation or reintubation, major pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal and neurological complications were the strongest predictors of fast-track failure. Persistent atrial fibrillation, postoperative transient renal impairment, requirement for noninvasive ventilation > 3 times, sternal wound infection, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, preoperative intraaortic balloon pump for chest pain or ST changes, preoperative severe left ventricular dysfunction, preoperative severe renal impairment, and peripheral arterial disease were also found to be significant risk factors for fast-track failure. Cumulative survival at 66 months of follow-up was 90.2% ± 0.02%. Conclusion The risk factors listed above were associated with fast-track failure. Smoking cessation helps to nullify the factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intraoperative elective insertion of a balloon pump does not affect the fast-track protocol. Survival was comparable to that described in the literature.
Housing market financialization, neoliberalism and everyday retrenchment of social housing
Authors: Byrne Michael , Norris Michelle 
Published: February 2019

Social housing policy in Ireland has evolved over several decades into a significantly marketized tenure which relies on, supports and expands the private housing market. In this paper we argue that it does so in ways that contribute to the financialization of housing by embedding housing in volatile financial market cycles. Although the majority of the literature on financialization, both in Ireland and internationally, has tended to focus on home ownership and mortgage markets, we argue that the retrenchment of social housing and the shift towards subsidized private rental accommodation have been key features of the process of financialization and of Ireland’s experience of boom and bust. The neoliberal turn in social housing policy, however, did not take shape in the form of either a coherent ideological project or a coherent suite of policy measures, but rather through the kind of piecemeal, ad hoc and typically ‘pragmatic’ processes identified by Kitchin et al. It is by examining the unfolding of these ad hoc processes that we identify both the neoliberalization of social housing policy and the interfaces between this process and that of financialization, particularly by highlighting how the former has enabled and facilitated the latter.
Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin blood adipokine levels in migraineurs: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Abbasi Milad , Noori-Zadeh Ali , Seidkhani-Nahal Ali , Kaffashian Mohammadreza , Bakhtiyari Salar , Panahi Sajjad 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Migraine comorbidity with obesity is not new and studies have focused on how adipose tissue-derived substances such as adipokines might be involved in the migraine pathophysiology. Quantification of the nature and magnitude of the association between each adipokine including leptin, adiponectin and resistin with migraine pathophysiology is the objective of the current study. Methods Using systematic reviews and meta-analyses and standardized mean difference as effect size, the levels of three adipokines, leptin, adiponectin and resistin, have been investigated in migraineur subjects in the case-control studies. Results Using random-effects models, the final analyses demonstrated the standardized mean differences of leptin, adiponectin and resistin as 0.534 (95% confidence interval, 0.169–0.898), 0.439 (95% confidence interval, 0.132–0.746) and 0.194 (95% confidence interval, −0.158–0.546), respectively. The p-value for test of significance for each pooled standardized mean difference was examined by the z-test and calculated as 0.004, 0.005 and 0.281 for leptin, adiponectin and resistin (clearly considered as statistically significant, significant and non-significant), respectively. Conclusion Based on the findings, the blood levels of leptin and adiponectin, but not resistin, of the migraineurs are associated with disease pathogenesis.
Not only disease activity but also chronic hypertension and overweight are determinants of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Normand G , Sens F , Puthet J , Jourde-Chiche N , Lemoine S , Chauveau D , Moranne O , Rémy P , Doret M , Daugas E , Juillard L ,   on behalf of the French Collaborative Group on Lupus Nephritis
Published: February 2019

Introduction Pregnancies in women with lupus nephritis are at high-risk of complications, while scarcity of scientific knowledge on prognostic factors impedes a fair medical counseling. We aimed to identify determinants associated with maternal and fetal complications. Materials We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of pregnancies that lasted more than 22 weeks in 66 patients with pre-existing lupus nephritis between 2004 and 2013 in France. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify determinants for maternal complications, lupus renal flare and fetal prematurity or death. Results Eighty-four pregnancies were identified. A maternal complication occurred in 31 pregnancies (36.9%): mostly preeclampsia (17 pregnancies, 20.2%) and renal flares (12 pregnancies, 14.3%). Overall fetal survival was 94.0% (79/84). Maternal pregnancy complications were independently associated with prepregnancy body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.03–14.09) and immunological activity (positive anti-dsDNA antibodies or Farr assay lupus) (OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.33–18.43). Renal lupus flares were independently associated with maternal age (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.12–2.01) and prepregnancy immunological activity (OR 15.99, 95% CI 1.57–162.68) while a remission time >12 months had a protective effect (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.68). Three parameters were associated with a higher risk of fetal prematurity or death: a prepregnancy body mass index >25 kg/m2 (HR 3.58, 95% CI 1.45–8.83), hypertension (HR 8.97, 95% CI 3.32–24.25), and immunological activity (HR 3.34, 95% CI 1.30–8.63). Conclusion Maternal age, prepregnancy hypertension, body mass index >25 kg/m2 and lupus immunological activity may be considered as the main determinants for fetal and maternal complications. A remission time above 12 months for patients with lupus nephritis could be associated with a reduced risk of renal flare during pregnancy.