bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financing female entrepreneurs in cottage, micro, small, and medium enterprises: Evidence from the financial sector in Bangladesh 2010–2018
Authors: Shoma Chowdhury Dilruba 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the challenges and obstacles faced by female entrepreneurs in the cottage, micro, small, and medium enterprise (CMSME) sector in Bangladesh and shows that a combination of legislatory and regulatory reform can mitigate many of the issues that prevent women gaining from, and contributing to, this vital economic sector. Access to finance is found to be the greatest challenge faced by women in starting and operating CMSMEs in Bangladesh. This article explores the significant gender gap in access to formal credit, a gap that impacts negatively on the sector's growth and development. The article uses liberal feminist theory as a framework for analysis of the reforms. Analysis of data collected from banks and financial institutions on CMSME loans (2010–2018) shows that female entrepreneurs are treated significantly differently from men by financial institutions in Bangladesh.
Development of 20 chloroplast microsatellite primers in wuyao (Lindera aggregata, Lauraceae)
Authors: Ye Jun‐Wei , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: July 2019

Premise of the StudyTo investigate the population genetics and evolutionary history of wuyao (Lindera aggregata, Lauraceae) and other Lindera species, polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) primers were developed.Methods and ResultsThe complete chloroplast genome of L. glauca was used to design 74 primers for L. aggregata. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were used to select 20 polymorphic primers. These primers were then tested in 70 individuals from three populations of L. aggregata. The number of alleles ranged from two to four, and the unbiased haploid diversity index ranged from 0.457 to 0.685. Up to 17 primers successfully amplified in four other Lindera species: L. prattii, L. chunii, L. lungshengensis, and L. pulcherrima var. hemsleyana.ConclusionsThe 20 primers reported here can potentially be used for future genetic studies of L. aggregata and other Lindera species.
Rib Cage Morphogenesis in the Human Embryo: A Detailed Three‐Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Okuno Kasumi , Ishizu Koichi , Matsubayashi Jun , Fujii Sena , Sakamoto Rino , Ishikawa Aoi , Yamada Shigehito , Yoneyama Akio , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFormation of the skeletal structure in the human embryo has important consequences in terms of support, protection, and function of organs and other systems. We aimed to describe the formation of the rib cage during the embryonic period, in order to detect prominent features and identify the possible factors affecting rib cage morphology. We employed high‐resolution digitized imaging data (n = 34) obtained in human embryos with Carnegie stage (CS) between 17 and 23. The rib cage became detectable as cartilage formation at CS17, expanding outward from the dorsal side of the chest‐abdominal region. Ribs elongated progressively to surround the chest, differentiating into the upper and lower rib cage regions by CS20. The ends of corresponding ribs in the upper region elongated toward each other, leading to their joining and sternum formation between CS21 and CS23, while the lower region of the rib cage remained widely open. The rib cage area with the largest width shifted from the 5th rib pair at CS17 to the 9th pair at CS23. The depth of the rib cage was similar across the upper region at CS17, with the major portion remaining in the middle part after CS20. The heart was located beneath the rib pairs providing the largest depth, while the liver was located beneath the rib pairs providing the largest width. Formation of the sternum, development of spinal kyphosis, and organization of larger internal organs within the thoracic and abdominal cavity are possible factors affecting rib cage morphology. Anat Rec, 302:2211–2223, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Kreuzfahrthafen mit Landstromanlage
Authors: Günzl Tobias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDer Boom der Kreuzschifffahrt im Ostseeraum ist ungebrochen. Rostock‐Warnemünde ist einer der bedeutendsten Standorte für die Kreuzschifffahrt in Deutschland und wird perspektivisch durch den Bau eines neuen Mehrzweckhafens auf einer Industriebrache in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Warnemünder Cruise Center nachhaltig entwickelt. Als erster Bestandteil der weiteren Entwicklungen des maritimen Tourismus wird unter Berücksichtigung der örtlichen Gegebenheiten am Standort Warnemünde eine Landstromanlage für Kreuzfahrtschiffe mit dem Ziel errichtet, die Kreuzschifffahrt in Rostock umweltfreundlicher auszurichten. Durch die Nutzung von Landstrom können Schiffe während ihrer Liegezeit im Hafen ihren CO2‐Ausstoß sowie ihre Schallemission deutlich verringern. Im Auftrag der Hanse‐ und Universitätsstadt Rostock werden die Planungs‐ und Ingenieurleistungen sowie das Genehmigungsmanagement und die Bauoberleitung durch die Inros Lackner SE als Generalplaner durchgeführt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Planung und die Realisierung der Landstromanlage näher eingegangen.
Modellvorstellung zum Durchstanzen von Stahlbetonplatten ohne Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Marti Peter , Heinzmann Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEine mechanisch begründete Modellvorstellung zum Durchstanzen von Stahlbetonplatten ohne Querkraftbewehrung wird dargestellt. Ausgehend von der klassischen Modellvorstellung von Kinnunen und Nylander wird ein Spannungsfeld entwickelt, das den Kraftfluss in der Platte vollständig beschreibt. Weiter wird ein neues Bruchkriterium für das Stauchen der Beton‐Druckkegelschale am Übergang vom Stützenkopf zur Platte eingeführt. Die Neigung dieser Schale wird mittels einer Dimensionsanalyse bestimmt. Vier Modellparameter werden aufgrund eines Vergleichs mit den Ergebnissen von 54 Durchstanzversuchen festgelegt. Im Hinblick auf die baupraktische Umsetzung werden Näherungsformeln für den Durchstanzwiderstand entwickelt und deren Anwendung in Verbindung mit einer linear elastischen Tragwerksanalyse wird illustriert.
An examination of factors influencing the application of mechanisms of organizations' resilience to weather extremes
Authors: Karman Agnieszka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to resist and respond to an external shock and recover once it has occurred is called resilience. The present paper discusses mechanisms of organizations' resilience to weather extremes. The objective of the study was to determine factors influencing the application of resilience mechanisms by European organizations. The paper presents the frequency particular mechanisms are applied in and determinants of their employment. We tested a model in which individual, organizational, community‐specific, and extreme‐related factors influence application of resilience mechanisms, which in turn influence adaptive resilience. The present study revealed that some of the selected resilience mechanisms are applied more frequently than others. The mechanisms include disposition and administration of resources, self‐organization, intraorganizational communication, damage assessment, review of previous events, and the acquisition of external information. The significance of 10 factors impacting the using of resilience mechanisms was verified in the course of the study. Findings are intended to facilitate a better understanding of resilience to weather extremes in organizations.
A better prediction of progression‐free survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by a prognostic model consisting of baseline TLG and %ΔSUVmax
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Yang , Song Le , Zhao Mei‐Xin , Hu Kai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the era of rituximab, the International Prognostic Index (IPI) has been inefficient in initial risk stratification for patients with R‐CHOP‐treated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To estimate the predictive values of PET/CT quantitative parameters and three prognostic models consisting of baseline and interim parameters for three‐year progression‐free survival (PFS), we conducted an analysis of 85 patients in China with DLBCL underwent baseline and interim PET/CT scans and treated at the Department of Hematology of Peking University Third Hospital from November 2012 to November 2017. The PET/CT parameters, viz. the baseline and interim values of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and their rates of change, were analyzed by a receiver operating characteristics curve, Kaplan‐Meier analysis, and log‐rank test. Besides, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI) was also included in the multivariate Cox hazards model. Owing to the strong correlation between TMTV and TLG at baseline and interim (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.823, P‐value = 0.000, and 0.988, P‐value = 0.000, respectively), only TLG was included in the multivariate Cox hazards model, where TLG0 > 1036.61 g and %ΔSUVmax < 86.02% showed predictive value independently (HR = 10.42, 95% CI 2.35‐46.30, P = 0.002, and HR = 4.86, 95% CI 1.27‐18.54, P = 0.021, respectively). Replacing TLG in the equation, TMTV0 and TMTV1 both showed significantly predictive abilities like TLG (HR = 8.22, 95% CI 1.86‐32.24, P = 0.005, and HR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.16‐7.54, P = 0.023, respectively). After dichotomy, NCCN‐IPI also gave a significant performance (P = 0.035 and P = 0.010, respectively, in TLG and TMTV models). The baseline variables, that is, TMTV0, TLG0 and dichotomized NCCN‐IPI, and the interim variables TMTV1 and %ΔSUVmax, presented independent prognostic value for PFS. In prognostic model 2 (TLG0 + %ΔSUVmax), the group with TLG0 > 1036.61 g and %ΔSUVmax < 86.02% recognized 19 (82.6%) of the relapse or progression events, which showed the best screening ability among three models consisting of baseline and interim PET/CT parameters.
Reconstitution and Coupling of DNA Replication and Segregation in a Biomimetic System
Authors: Hürtgen Daniel , Mascarenhas Judita , Heymann Michael , Murray Seán M. , Schwille Petra , Sourjik Victor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA biomimetic system capable of replication and segregation of genetic material constitutes an essential component for the future design of a minimal synthetic cell. Here we have used the simple T7 bacteriophage system and the plasmid‐derived ParMRC system to establish in vitro DNA replication and DNA segregation, respectively. These processes were incorporated into biomimetic compartments providing an enclosed reaction space. The functional lifetime of the encapsulated segregation system could be prolonged by equipping it with ATP‐regenerating and oxygen‐scavenging systems. Finally, we showed that DNA replication and segregation processes could be coupled in vitro by using condensed DNA nanoparticles resulting from DNA replication. ParM spindles extended over tens of micrometers and could thus be used for segregation in compartments that are significantly longer than bacterial cell size. Overall, this work demonstrates the successful bottom‐up assembly and coupling of molecular machines that mediate replication and segregation, thus providing an important step towards the development of a fully functional minimal cell.
Insulin secretion impairment induced by rosuvastatin partly though autophagy in INS‐1E cells
Authors: Qian Linglin , Zhu Kongbo , Lin Yanshan , An Li , Huang Feiyang , Yao Yuyu , Ren Liqun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStatins are used extensively for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies suggest that statins increase the risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). However, the mechanisms of statin‐induced NODM remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of autophagy on insulin secretion impairment induced by rosuvastatin (RS) in rat insulinoma cells (INS‐1E) cells. INS‐1E cells were cultured and treated with RS at different concentrations (0.2–20 μM) for 24 h. Insulin secretion in INS‐1E cells was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the co‐localization of microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP‐2) was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was used to assess the conversion of LC3 and p62. The results showed that the insulin secretion and cell viability decrease induced by RS treatment for 24 h occurred in a dose‐dependent manner in INS‐1E cells. RS significantly inhibited the expression of LC3‐II but increased the protein expression of p62. Simultaneously, RS diminished the co‐localization of LC3‐II and LAMP‐2 fluorescence signals. These results suggested that RS‐inhibited autophagy in INS‐1E cells. Rapamycin, an autophagy agonist, reversed the insulin secretion and cell viability suppression induced by RS in INS‐1E cells. RS also decreased the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The results indicated that RS impairs insulin secretion in INS‐1E cells, which may be partly due to the inhibition of autophagy via an mTOR‐dependent pathway.
Single‐step Conversion of Methyl Ethyl Ketone to Olefins over ZnxZryOz Catalysts in Water
Authors: Dagle Vanessa L. , Dagle Robert A. , Kovarik Libor , Baddour Frederick , Habas Susan E. , Elander Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 15/2019 is collaboration between Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL, USA), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA) and ChemCatBio (USA). The image shows how Methyl Ethyl Ketone diluted in water can be converted into C4‐C5 olefins fuel precursors into one single‐step over ZnxZryOz catalysts. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900292.
Highly selective recognition of L‐phenylalanine with molecularly imprinted polymers based on imidazolyl amino acid chiral ionic liquid
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Huang Xiaoxia , Yao Shun , Huang Wencai , Xin Yin , Zhu Minghui , Song Hang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral amino acid chiral ionic liquids were introduced as functional monomers to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers for specific recognition of L‐phenylalanine. Among them, the imprinted polymers L‐Phe@MIPs based on [ViImC3][L‐Pro] showed the best selective recognition ability for L‐phenylalanine. A series of experiments such as dynamic adsorption, static adsorption, and competitive adsorption were conducted to investigate the specific recognition ability and adsorption capacity of the L‐Phe@MIPs. It is found that the adsorption efficiency to L‐phenylalanine on L‐Phe@MIPs was 3.11 times higher than that to D‐phenylalanine. All the results demonstrated that the L‐Phe@MIPs possessed good recognition and relatively high adsorption efficiency for L‐phenylalanine. Besides, the recovery of L‐phenylalanine was above 98%, and the L‐Phe@MIPs exhibited good reusability.
Quantum Chemistry at SEK  II. How does this work?
Authors: Baars Günter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCharakteristisch für die Wissenschaft Chemie ist u. a. das Denken in Modellen. Ihre Verwendung muss deshalb ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Chemieunterrichts an der Sekundarstufe SEK  II sein. Ausgelöst durch die kontroverse Diskussion um die Frage nach der Berechtigung der Quantenchemie im gymnasialen Unterricht, wurden an der ETH Zürich und der Universität Bern über viele Jahre Unterrichtseinheiten zu den Themen „Quantenchemie und chemische Bindung“, „Quantenchemie und organische farbige Stoffe“ sowie „Quantenchemie und Pigmente“ entwickelt. Eine breit angelegte Feldstudie bestätigte die gute Qualität dieser in der Schweiz und in Deutschland vielfach bewährten Unterrichtseinheiten. Die überarbeiteten Texte liegen in Form von vier miteinander kombinierbaren Modulen, zwei Leitprogrammen sowie PowerPoint‐Präsentationen und zusätzlichen Übungen mit Lösungen vor. Die Materialien stehen im Rahmen eines E‐Dossiers des Instituts für Weiterbildung und Medienbildung (PHBern) seit 2010 einem größeren Benutzerkreis kostenlos im Internet zur Verfügung. In diesem Artikel wird, nach einer kurzen Einleitung, die Bedeutung der Quantenchemie für die SEK  II skizziert und die einzelnen Module/Leitprogramme/Begleitmaterialien werden vorgestellt.
Emerging Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Guo Zilei , Ouyang Jiang , Kim Na Yoon , Shi Jinjun , Ji Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have drawn tremendous attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and promising applications in the fields of electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Recently, the biomedicine community has gradually started to recognize the great potential of these nanostructured materials for biomedical applications – in particular those related to cancer therapy. In this review, we provide a brief overview of a few representative 2D nanomaterials, discuss their preparation strategies and physicochemical properties, and highlight their applications in cancer nanomedicine. We expect that this review will shed some light on the new opportunities associated with 2D nanomaterials for biomedical research.
Production and Thermal Exchange of Conditional Peptide‐MHC I Multimers
Authors: Luimstra Jolien J. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Garstka Malgorzata A. , Drijfhout Jan W. , Neefjes Jacques , Ovaa Huib 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCytotoxic CD8+ T cells mediate cellular immunity through recognition of specific antigens presented by MHC class I on all nucleated cells. Studying T cell interactions and responses provides invaluable information on infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Fluorescently labeled multimers of MHC I can be used to quantify, characterize, and isolate specific CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry. Here we describe the production and use of conditional MHC I multimers that can be loaded with peptides of choice by incubating them at a defined temperature. Multimers are folded with a template peptide that forms a stable complex at low temperature, but dissociates at a defined elevated temperature. Using this technology multiple MHC I multimers can be generated in parallel, to allow staining and isolation of large sets of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells, especially when combined with barcoding technologies. © 2019 The Authors.
Oral‐bacterial‐induced arterial and venous thrombus in rats: Pathological and immunological studies
Authors: Iwai Takehisa , Matsui Yoshiki , Homma Kaori , Takemura Tamiko , Fujiwara Mutsunori , Aoyama Norio , Sato Hiroki , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesOur study investigated the pathological outcome of experimental thrombi that incorporate oral bacteria.Material and methodsA small artery and vein in the rats' groins were injected with a solution containing periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and followed up for 28 days. In all, 18 limbs of nine male rats (500–650 g) were used for the arterial study, and eight limbs of four rats were used for the veins. Two densities of the bacterial solution and two arterial thicknesses sizes were used in the arterial study. Both proximal and distal arteries and veins were ligated loosely using a monofilament nylon suture before bacterial suspensions or control solutions were injected into the ligated vessels.ResultsAfter 7, 14–18, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Pathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. All specimens exhibited thrombus formation and an acute inflammation reaction with granulocytes at 7 days and then settled down to chronic fibrous change with plasma cells or macrophages at 28 days in the arterial thrombus. CD3 (Pan T‐cells), CD79a (Pan B cells in the rats), and IgG were observed in the process of the healing of the arterial thrombus. Venous changes showed relatively clear recanalization that appeared at 7 days, which is slightly different from the artery. Granulocytes were present from 7 to 28 days.ConclusionsPeriodontal bacteria act as an inflammatory core in the vessels, but not as an infectious agent, in our experiments, because of their low ability to invade tissues.
Relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility: Evidenced in mining companies
Authors: Saenz Cesar , Romero Lyla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this research are to determine the topics that corporate governance (CG) and social responsibility (SR) have in common, to find which of the topics in common are found only in CG reports, and to find which of the topics in common are found in both CG and SR reports. To meet the objectives, a content analysis was prepared based on a literature review, from which a CG and SR Model Questionnaire table of topics and subtopics in common was compiled. From there, the annual reports, CG reports, and SR reports of 26 main mining companies, all members of the International Council on Mining and Metals, were analyzed. The results showed that 21.52% of topics in common were mentioned in both CG and SR reports, 19.51% were disclosed in CG reports but not in SR reports, and 28.20% were found exclusively in SR reports.
The six dimensions of CSR as a driver of key results in the shipbuilding industry
Authors: Para‐González Lorena , Mascaraque‐Ramírez Carlos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent contributions to corporate social responsibility (CSR) treat the concept of CSR from a global point of view or adapted to a specific company. However, few studies analyze each of the dimensions of CSR and, in the case of the naval sector, there are no articles in this respect. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the degree of implementation of the six dimensions CSR in companies in the naval sector on different continents of the world and the relationship between this degree and the results obtained. Regarding the analysis of each dimension, the dimensions of ″human rights,” ″fair operated practices,” and ″environmental management” are more relevant when it comes to improving the results of new orders. Moreover, the efforts made in CSR by companies in the shipbuilding sector are positive for shipyards, being an added value to the organizations, improving their key results.
Analysis of malware propagation behavior in Social Internet of Things
Authors: Al Kindi Asma , Al Abri Dawood , Al Maashri Ahmed , Bait‐Shiginah Fahad 
Published: July 2019

SummarySocial Internet of Things (SIoT) is an evolution of the Internet of Things, where objects interact socially with each other in the sense that they can independently establish new relationships, offer, or discover services, in order to accomplish their tasks with minimum involvement of the user. This additional convenience comes at the expense of higher risk of speeding up malware propagation through the dynamically created relationships. Because of the undesirable effects of malware (eg, disruption of device operation), it is essential to understand their spreading behavior in order to minimize their negative impacts. In this paper, we analyze malware propagation behavior in SIoT and investigate different parameters that influence spreading of malware. Toward that end, a simulator has been developed to simulate the spreading process of malware in SIoT. Many propagation scenarios were analyzed using the proposed simulator. Simulation results show that adding more relationships in the SIoT or increasing the number of owned objects per user has increased malware spreading rate. For example, the time to infect all objects is faster by 45% when objects communicate through four relationships compared with the case when objects communicate through only two relationships in SIoT. We also investigated ways to restrict the malware spreading. Results show that preventing objects from establishing dynamic social relationship slows down the infection by 40% compared with the next best scenario (ie, blocking co‐location relationships), which means more time for vendors to patch up their products.