bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential base-sharing between humans and Neanderthals: inter-breeding or greater mutability in heterozygotes?
Authors: Amos William 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe idea that humans interbred with other Hominins, most notably Neanderthals, is now accepted as fact. The finding of hybrid skeletons shows that fertile matings did occur. However, inferences about the size of the resulting legacy assume that back-mutations are rare enough to be ignored and that mutation rate does not vary. In reality, back-mutations are common, mutation rate does vary between populations and there is mounting evidence that heterozygosity and mutation rate covary. If so, the large loss of heterozygosity that occurred when humans migrated out of Africa would have reduced the mutation rate, leaving Africans to diverge faster from our common ancestor and from related lineages like Neanderthals. To test whether this idea impacts estimates of introgressed fraction, I calculated D, a measure of relative base-sharing with Neanderthals, and heterozygosity difference between all pairwise combinations of populations in the 1000 genomes Phase 3 data. D and heterozygosity difference are ubiquitously negatively correlated across all comparisons, between all regions and even between populations within each major region including Africa. In addition, the larger sample of populations in the Simons Genome Diversity project reveals a pan-Eurasian correlation between Neanderthal and Denisovan fraction. These correlations challenge a simple hybridisation model but do seem consistent with a model where more heterozygous human populations tend to diverge faster from Neanderthals than populations with lower heterozygosity. Indeed, the strongest correlation between Neanderthal content and geography indicates and origin where humans likely left Africa, exactly mimicking the pattern seen for loss of heterozygosity. Such a model explains why evidence for inter-breeding is found more or less wherever archaic and human populations are compared. How much of variation in D is due to introgression and how much is due to heterozygosity-mediated variation in mutation rate remains to be determined.Author summaryThe idea that humans inter-bred with related lineages such as Neanderthals, leaving an appreciable legacy in modern genomes, has rapidly progressed from shocking revelation to accepted dogma. My analysis explores an alternative model in which mutation rate slowed when diversity was lost in a population bottleneck as humans moved out of Africa to colonise the world. I find that, across Eurasia, the size of inferred legacy closely matches the pattern of diversity loss but shows no relationship to where human and Neanderthal populations likely overlapped. My results do not challenge the idea that some inter-breeding occurred, but they do indicate that some, much or even most of the signal that has be attributed entirely to archaic legacies, arises from unexpected variation in mutation rate. More generally, my analysis helps explain why inter-breeding is inferred almost wherever tests are conducted even though most species avoid hybridisation.
Electrical and rheological percolation threshold of graphene pastes for screen-printing
Authors: Dybowska-Sarapuk Lucja , Janczak Daniel , Podsiadly Bartlomiej , Jakubowska Malgorzata , Sloma Marcin 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
A comparison of electric and viscosity percolation threshold is crucial from the scientific and technical points of view to understand the features and capabilities of heterogeneous graphene composite materials and properly select the functional phase volume. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present the analysis of the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds in the polymer–graphene screen printing pastes and the analysis of the relation between these two parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
In the paper, the properties of polymer-based pastes with graphene nanoplatelets were tested: paste viscosity and printed layers conductivity. The tests of pastes with different filler content allowed to determine both the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds using power law, according to Kirkpatrick’s percolation model.

Findings
The electrical percolation threshold for graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the composite was 0.74 Vol.% when the rheological percolation threshold is observed to be at 1.00 Vol.% of nanoplatelets. The percolation threshold values calculated using the Kirkpatrick’s percolation model were 0.87 and 0.5 Vol.% of GNPs in the paste for electrical and rheological percolation thresholds, respectively.

Originality/value
Recently, GNPs are becoming more popular as the material of the functional phase in screen printing heterophase materials, because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. However, till date no research presented in the literature is related to the direct comparison of both the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds. Such analysis is important for the optimization of the printing process toward the highest quality of printed conductive paths, and finally the best electrical properties.
Is it disqualifying? Practitioner responses to criminal offenses in hiring decisions
Authors: Kuhn Kristine M. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore variation in the responses of human resource practitioners and managers to criminal offenses.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers background checks as a personnel selection test. In the first study, 280 professionals with hiring experience indicate how various criminal offenses, described as having occurred either within the past year or several years ago, would affect their evaluation of an applicant for a call center position. In the second study, a separate sample of 109 practitioners evaluates criminal as well as non-criminal transgressions that might appear on a background report.FindingsIn Study 1, both the apparent seriousness of an offense and its recency influence modal responses. Even non-violent misdemeanors from several years ago, however, are judged as automatically disqualifying by some participants. Study 2 shows that a practitioner’s attitude toward criminal offenses is distinct from their attitude to related forms of stigma. Results from both studies find associations between demographic variables and general willingness to accept applicants with criminal records.Originality/valueThis work provides quantitative data on practitioner reactions to several specific criminal offenses for a specific job context. By considering differences among offenses and among gatekeepers, rather than among applicants, it identifies challenges to fair implementation of background checks during the hiring process.
Human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance
Authors: Otoo Frank Nana Kweku 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of employee competencies in the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated research model was developed by combining principal factors from existing literature. Data were collected through questionnaire from 600 employees of the selected hotels. The validity of the model and hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. The reliability and validity of the dimensions are established through confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that some HRM practices impact organizational performance through their influence on employee competencies. The study further revealed that employee competencies mediate the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was undertaken in the hotel industry and the analysis based on cross-sectional data which cannot be generalized across a broader range of sectors and international environment.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have the potential to help policy makers, stakeholders and management of hotels in adopting proper and well-articulated HRM practices in building human capital and stimulating the necessary behaviors that create advantage for the organization.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature by empirically adducing evidence that employee competencies mediated the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance of the hotel industry in Ghana.
How servant leadership creates and accumulates social capital personally owned in hotel firms
Authors: Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara Pablo , Ruiz-Palomino Pablo 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to test whether servant leaders lead followers to socially interact more frequently, closely and personally with peers, and if this social interaction links servant leaders with employees’ personal social capital, both in terms of bonding (networks linking employees of a similar kind) and bridging (networks linking agents of different kinds).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 403 employees from 59 large Spanish hotels. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that servant leadership has a positive effect on bonding and bridging, which is mediated by employees’ social interactions with peers inside and outside their groups, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that hotel managers should adopt servant leadership to facilitate social interactions at work, thus allowing employees to individually gain personal assets that improve the hotel’s social capital resources.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyze whether servant leadership shapes personal social capital in business settings. Moreover, it is the first to show the mechanisms (social interactions with peers inside and outside their groups) through which managerial servant leadership encourages this valuable personal asset in hotels.
Inexorable transformation in healthcare-seeking behaviour: a paradigm of choice
Authors: Pillai K.R. , Nallavalli Soundarya , Immaculate Christina 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Healthcare is traditionally considered an indispensable service in both personal and social points of views. In this regard, healthcare-seeking behaviour is driven by utilitarian orientation, given its existential value. But this trend is changing, as the propensity to avail (un)necessary healthcare services is burgeoning with changing lifestyle and practices. From the supply point of view, the market appears to be relentless in enforcing propensity to seek healthcare. The service providers, generally, create unnecessary needs and aspirations, taking undue advantage of the prospects’ over-conscious health concerns and overzealous longing for wellness. This study aims to find whether utilitarianism or hedonism is the prominent paradigm of healthcare-seeking behaviour in the onset of changing preferences and lifestyles and supply-driven market forces.

Design/methodology/approach
The study followed an empirical approach to accomplish the aim of research. Subjects for the study constitute sample respondents in the age of 18-60 years, who were identified on inspection. A structured questionnaire, drawn upon literature, was used to elicit information.

Findings
The study offered new insight into the basic psychological motive for healthcare-seeking. The results have empirically validated the pre-eminence of a hedonic attribute of consumer behaviour in healthcare-seeking.

Practical implications
The outcome of the study has implications for healthcare providers to tailor-make their future products and services and for governing bodies to design suitable policy guidelines.

Originality/value
The study explores the emerging trends in health-seeking behaviour.
Investigations on prying forces in flexible connections of steel beams
Authors: G. Radha Athipathi , C. Arunkumar , N. Umamaheswari 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The use of flexible connections throughout the steel structures provides a high level of stiffness compared to that of fully welded connections. Flexible connections allow for rotation to an extent, which make them perform better during earthquake than welded connections. In hanger connections, the applied load produces tension in the bolts and bolts are designed for tensile forces. When the deformation of the flange plate is equal to that of the bolts, a plastic hinge is formed in the flange plate at the weld line and the bolts are pulled to failure. If the attached plate is allowed to deform, additional tensile forces called prying forces are developed in the bolts. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper includes the results of investigation on prying force in T-stub connection fabricated with normal grade bolts and high strength friction grip (HSFG) bolts. Finite element analysis has been carried out by creating models and analyzing the effect of external tensile force and bolt force. For different grades of bolt (4.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9), the prying force is calculated.

Findings
It is found that prying force is increasing with the change in grade of bolt used from normal to HSFG. The results obtained from analysis using IS 800:2007 codal provision are also included. It is observed that HSFG bolts do not allow for any slip between the elements connected and hence rigidity is increased.

Originality/value
The prying force mainly depends on geometrical parameter of the connection. In this research work, the variation of prying force was studied based on the variation in dimensions of T-stub angle section and bolt grade (4.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9). The method of obtaining prying force from bolt load and applied load is a unique approach. The results of FE analysis is validated with the analytical calculation as per IS 800:2007 code provisions, which shows the originality of the research.
Cruise tourism: the role of shore excursions in the overcrowding of cities
Authors: Navarro-Ruiz Sandra , Casado-Díaz Ana B. , Ivars-Baidal Josep 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the relevance of shore excursions in the distribution of cruise passenger flows; an approach which has been overlooked by many studies on cruise tourism. Specifically, the paper focuses on two destinations: Barcelona, a mature cruise destination suffering from the impact of overcrowding; and Valencia, an emerging cruise destination facing the risk of future (similar) impacts.Design/methodology/approachThe method used is multiple-case study with replication logic. First, web content analysis is conducted of shore excursion descriptions of the destinations selected so as to identify the itineraries, as well as the municipalities and the specific tourist attractions included in the tours. Then, word-processing tools are used to create a regional and local data set to arrange the narrative data. Finally, density maps are drawn in order to examine the different visitor flows within the tourist hinterlands from the supply perspective.FindingsThe results indicate that most shore excursions are concentrated in the port cities. Comparing the two destinations, the paper argues that the redistribution within the cities is not equally balanced. Nevertheless, the results also reveal that the excursions offered by local shore tourism operators (TOs) in both destinations have contributed to the expansion of the cruise tourist hinterland over a wider regional area.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper evaluates the visitor flow distribution from a supply perspective. Hence, future studies should examine the demand dimension in order to gain a deeper understanding of the concentration intensity. Additionally, it would be worth examining not only visitors taking guided tours but also the independent ones (those who visit the destination on their own).Originality/valueDespite the growing importance of cruise tourism, research on the role of local shore TOs in this sector is quite limited. One element that deserves more research attention is related to the role of shore excursions in the spatial configuration of the cruise tourist hinterland. Finally, the results obtained could also have significant implications for policy makers developing and promoting effective measures to prevent overcrowding.
Emotional perception and historical heritage: a segmentation of foreign tourists who visit the city of Lima
Authors: López-Guzmán Tomás , Pérez Gálvez Jesús Claudio , Cordova Buiza Franklin , Medina-Viruel Miguel Jesús 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the relationships existing among three basic constructs in the visitor’s decision-making process (motivation and satisfaction) in a tourist destination that is a World Heritage Site, such as the city of Lima (Peru). Bearing in mind the perception of heritage by the foreign visitors, four types of tourists were determined: alternative tourists, cultural tourists, emotional tourists and heritage tourists.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses the multivariate technique of grouping cases (K-means clusters) to analyse the similarity existing among the surveyed persons. From the groups or segments obtained, statistics and measurements of association were applied, which provide the information necessary to study the possible trends of association existing between variables from a table of bidimensional contingencies. In the same way, nonparametric statistical procedures were used (Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test) with the aim of analysing significant differences among groups of the sample.

Findings
The results show the existence of four diverse motivational dimensions among the foreign tourists to visit Lima: hedonic, cultural, convenience and circumstantial. Of the four dimensions, the cultural aspect is the most relevant. The results show the existence of a specific Ibero-American heritage and cultural identity.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the academic literature on the links of the tourist with the historical and monumental heritage location(s) visited by the tourist and the tourist’s behaviour while visiting the site. In fact, it is one of the first investigations carried out on this subject in Latin America.
Information sharing, coordination and supply chain performance
Authors: Li Siyu , Cui Xiling , Huo Baofeng , Zhao Xiande 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects that customer structured and unstructured information sharing (IS) can have on customer operational and strategic coordination and on supply chain performance (SCP). In addition, the study examines how customer IS influences customer coordination under various levels of demand uncertainty (DU).Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model for this study is designed on the basis of information-processing theory (IPT). Using data collected from 622 manufacturers in mainland China and Taiwan, the theoretical model is tested using the structural equation modeling method.FindingsThe authors find that both customer structured IS and unstructured IS are positively associated with customer strategic coordination. Customer structured IS increases customer operational coordination, but customer unstructured IS does not. DU positively moderates the relations between customer unstructured IS and strategic coordination, and between customer structured IS and operational coordination. Also, DU negatively moderates the relationship between customer structured IS and strategic coordination. Customer strategic coordination is positively related to SCP and to operational coordination. Customer operational coordination has no significant impact on SCP.Originality/valueThis study deepens our understanding of customer IS by distinguishing between customer structured and unstructured IS. The study also provides a greater understanding of customer coordination by making a distinction between the customer strategic and the operational coordination. The findings extend the empirical application of IPT. In addition, this study’s findings direct SC managers to apply varied customer IS practices that can enhance specific kinds of customer coordination activities, thereby enabling improved SCP.
The effect of workers’ justice perception on continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yongmei 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact mechanism of workers’ perceived justice, trust and job satisfaction (JS) on their continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market.Design/methodology/approachAn e-questionnaire was posted as an online task on Zhubajie, and data from 304 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software.FindingsResults show that crowdsourcing workers’ distributive and interpersonal justice have a significant impact on their trust in the task requester, while procedural and informational justice significantly affect their trust in intermediary management. Workers’ trust in the task requester and in intermediary management positively affects JS, which ultimately affects their continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the social exchange theory, this study examines the positive impact of workers’ justice perception on their continuance participation intention. It dissects the inherent mechanism of workers’ justice perception about their continuance participation intention using three variables of trust in the task requester, trust in intermediary management and JS.Practical implicationsGiven the positive relationship between workers’ justice perception and continuance participation intention, crowdsourcing intermediary website managers should adopt effective measures to enhance workers’ justice perception to strengthen their continuance participation intention.Originality/valueThis study explores factors that influence workers’ continuance participation intention and their inherent mechanism in the crowdsourcing market based on justice and social exchange theories. It is an extension of research on continuous participation behavior in the crowdsourcing field.
Spillover effects from web to mobile payment services
Authors: Zhang Kem Z.K. , Gong Xiang , Chen Chongyang , Zhao Sesia J. , Lee Matthew K.O. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Drawing from the spillover effect literature, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the spillover effect in consumers’ web-mobile payment extension behavior. The authors figure out two categories of factors associated with the spillover effect: relevant schema and schematic fit. Cognitive trust and emotional trust in web payment are used to capture relevant schema, while perceived similarity and perceived business tie are proposed to denote schematic fit in the web-mobile payment extension context.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey (n =552) was conducted to empirically test the model. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling approach.

Findings
The results show that relevant schema and schematic fit factors positively influence perceived value of mobile payment (MP), which facilitates consumers’ behavioral intention of MP.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the extant literature by theoretically identifying the key factors of the spillover effect and empirically investigating its role during the web-mobile service extension process.