bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐converted tumor cells can induce T‐cell apoptosis through upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Thar Min Aung Kyi , Okayama Hirokazu , Saito Motonobu , Ashizawa Mai , Aoto Keita , Nakajima Takahiro , Saito Katsuharu , Hayase Suguru , Sakamoto Wataru , Tada Takeshi , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Saze Zenichirou , Momma Tomoyuki , Ohki Shinji , Sato Yusuke , Motoyama Satoru , Mimura Kosaku , Kono Koji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor, and it is urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies including immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the upregulation of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) due to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ESCC using an in vitro treatment system with the EMT inducer, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3 inhibitor, and we also analyzed the correlation of EMT and PD‐L1 expression in the clinical tumor samples of both tissue microarray (TMA) samples (n = 177) and whole tissue samples (n = 21). As a result, the inhibition of GSK‐3β induces EMT phenotype with upregulated vimentin and downregulated E‐cadherin as well as increased Snail and Zinc finger E box‐binding homeobox (ZEB)‐1 gene expression. Simultaneously, we showed that EMT‐converted ESCC indicated the upregulation of PD‐L1 at both protein (total and surface) and mRNA levels. Of importance, we showed that EMT‐converted tumor cells have a capability to induce T‐cell apoptosis to a greater extent in comparison to original epithelial type tumor cells. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical stains of ESCC showed that PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells was positively correlated with EMT status in TMA samples (P = .0004) and whole tissue samples (P = .0029). In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo study clearly demonstrated that PD‐L1 expression was upregulated in mesenchymal type tumors of ESCC. These findings provide a strong rationale for the clinical use of anti‐PD‐1/anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies for advanced ESCC patients.
Prediction of overall survival for metastatic pancreatic cancer: Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram with data from open clinical trial and real‐world study
Authors: Hang Junjie , Wu Lixia , Zhu Lina , Sun Zhiqiang , Wang Ge , Pan Jingjing , Zheng Suhua , Xu Kequn , Du Jiadi , Jiang Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is necessary to develop prognostic tools of metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) for optimizing therapeutic strategies. Thus, we tried to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram of MPC. Data from 3 clinical trials (NCT00844649, NCT01124786, and NCT00574275) and 133 Chinese MPC patients were used for analysis. The former 2 trials were taken as the training cohort while NCT00574275 was used as the validation cohort. In addition, 133 MPC patients treated in China were taken as the testing cohort. Cox regression model was used to investigate prognostic factors in the training cohort. With these factors, we established a nomogram and verified it by Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and calibration plots. Furthermore, the nomogram was externally validated in the validation cohort and testing cohort. In the training cohort (n = 445), performance status, liver metastasis, Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) log‐value, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and albumin were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). A nomogram was established with these factors to predict OS and survival probabilities. The nomogram showed an acceptable discrimination ability (C‐index: .683) and good calibration, and was further externally validated in the validation cohort (n = 273, C‐index: .699) and testing cohort (n = 133, C‐index: .653).The nomogram total points (NTP) had the potential to stratify patients into 3‐risk groups with median OS of 11.7, 7.0 and 3.7 months (P < .001), respectively. In conclusion, the prognostic nomogram with NTP can predict OS for patients with MPC with considerable accuracy.
Circular RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Functions and implications
Authors: Fu Liyun , Jiang Zhenluo , Li Tianwen , Hu Yaoren , Guo Junming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAt present, as hotspot members of the noncoding RNA network, circular RNAs (circRNAs) with distinct properties and diverse pathophysiological functions are being increasingly delineated. CircRNAs play roles at the epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory levels. Major studies have focused on their functions as efficient microRNA sponges. The validated number of endogenous circRNAs involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to increase. Altered circRNA expression is associated with HCC occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, the aberrant expression of circRNAs is also significantly related to HCC tumor stage, size, differentiation and metastasis. Because they are exceptionally stable, highly conserved and have tissue‐specific expression patterns, some circRNAs, including hsa_circ_0004018, hsa_circ_0003570, and hsa_circ_0005075, may be potential markers for the diagnosis of HCC. We herein summarize the current knowledge of HCC‐associated circRNAs and present their implications for carcinogenesis and their potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the future directions of studies on HCC‐associated circRNAs.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for ambulatory patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro , de Paula Pântano Naitielle , Preto Daniel D’Almeida , de Oliveira Cleyton Zanardo , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Hui David , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredicting survival of advanced cancer patients (ACPs) is a difficult task. We aimed at developing and testing a new prognostic tool in ACPs when they were first referred to palliative care (PC). A total of 497 patients were analyzed in this study (development sample, n = 221; validation sample, n = 276). From 35 initial putative prognostic variables, 14 of them were selected for multivariable Cox regression analyses; the most accurate final model was identified by backward variable elimination. Parameters were built into a nomogram to estimate the probability of patient survival at 30, 90, and 180 days. Calibration and discrimination properties of the Barretos Prognostic Nomogram (BPN) were evaluated in the validation phase of the study. The BPN was composed of 5 parameters: sex, presence of distant metastasis, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), white blood cell (WBC) count, and serum albumin concentration. The C‐index was 0.71. The values of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.84, 0.74, and 0.74 at 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively. There were good calibration results according to the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test. The median survival times were 313, 129, and 37 days for the BPN scores <25th percentile (<125), 25th to 75th percentile (125‐175), and >75th percentile (>175), respectively (P < .001). The BPN is a new prognostic tool with adequate calibration and discrimination properties. It is now available to assist oncologists and palliative care physicians in estimating the survival of adult patients with advanced solid tumors.
CD31‐labeled circulating endothelial cells as predictor in anlotinib‐treated non‐small‐cell lung cancer: Analysis on ALTER‐0303 study
Authors: Liu Zhujun , Wang Jing , Meng Zhaoting , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Cuicui , Qin Tingting , Chen Jinliang , Jiang Xiangli , Wang Liuchun , Lin Li , Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Peng , Huang Chun , Jiang Richeng , Li Kai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOur previous studies revealed that the level of activated circulating endothelial cells (aCECs) was correlated with the progression‐free survival (PFS) in antiangiogenesis therapy. Anlotinib displayed affirmatory efficacies in several clinical trials of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To find a marker predicting the efficacy of anlotinib treatment, we investigated the correlations of aCECs with PFS and overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC treated with anlotinib and the impact of anlotinib on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The blood samples of 78 patients with NSCLC were collected. aCECs were identified by flow cytometry as CD45−/CD146+/CD31+ cells and CD45−/CD146+/CD105+ cells. The mean value of baseline aCECs counts was defined as the cutoff value, according to which patients were divided into high and low baseline groups. Statistical correlation between high baseline CD31‐labeled aCECs counts and number of metastatic lesions (>3) (χ2 = 4.905, P = .027) was analyzed. The 49 patients treated with anlotinib were stratified according to the ratio of minimal aCECs counts at any time points to baseline (aCECs min/baseline) as <1 or ≥1. Interestingly, the patients with aCECs (CD31) min/baseline <1 displayed longer PFS [HR = 0.439, 95%CI (0.211‐0.912), P = .023]. The biological effect of anlotinib on HUVECs was investigated using MTT assays. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression levels of CD31 and CD105 under anlotinib treatment and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro experiment data demonstrated that CD31 exhibited more sensitive changes than CD105 under anlotinib treatment through PI3K‐AKT pathway. Thus, our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which the CD31‐labeled aCECs are a more sensitive marker for predicting the efficiency of anlotinib treatment.
Highlights on molecular targets for radiosensitization of breast cancer cells: Current research status and prospects
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Rui , Yang Zhao‐Zhi , Yu Xiao‐Li , Guo Xiao‐Mao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the past, searching for effective radiotherapy sensitization molecular targets and improving the radiation sensitivity of malignant tumors was the hot topic for the oncologists, but with little achievements. We will summarize the research results about breast cancer irradiation sensitization molecular targets over the past two decades; we mainly focus on the following aspects: DNA damage repair and radiation sensitization, cell cycle regulation and radiation sensitization, cell autophagy regulation and radiation sensitization, and radiation sensitivity prediction and breast cancer radiotherapy scheme making. And based on this summary, we will put forward some of our viewpoints.
Resolution of late‐onset gastro‐colic fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by conservative management: a case report
Authors: El Sayegh Julien‐Sami , Nicolas Gregory , Yammine Kabalan , Tayar Claude 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageNutritional support and Antibiotics treatment can be used as conservative treatment for the resolution of gastro‐colic fistula after sleeve gastrectomy in stable patients specially to prevent cumbersome redo surgeries that have higher risks of complications particularly in patients with minimal financial means.
Primary myelofibrosis evolving to an aplastic appearing marrow
Authors: Schaefer Jordan K. , Choi Sarah M. , Luker Gary D. , Chenevert Thomas L. , Ross Brian D. , Talpaz Moshe 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageOur case highlights a series of bone marrow biopsies from a patient with primary myelofibrosis. Over time, this patient developed an unusual fatty appearance to his marrow, confirmed on multiple biopsies. This finding was supported by a quantitative fat MRI sequence that also shows a fatty appearance to the marrow.
The Structure and Properties of Magnesium‐Phosphorus Compounds Under Pressure
Authors: Liu Yunxian , Wang Chao , Lv Pin , Sun Hairui , Duan Defang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInspired by the emergence of compounds with novel structures and unique properties (i.e., superconductivity and hardness) under high pressure, we systematically explored a binary Mg−P system under pressure, combining first‐principles calculations with structure prediction. Several stoichiometries (Mg3P, Mg2P, MgP, MgP2, and MgP3) were predicted to be stable under pressure. Especially, the P−P bonding patterns are different in the P‐rich compounds and the Mg‐rich compounds: in the former, the P−P bonding patterns form P2, P3, quadrilateral units, P−P⋅⋅⋅P chains or disordered “graphene‐like” sublattice, while in the latter, the P−P bonding patterns eventually evolve isolated P ions. The analysis of integrated‐crystal orbital Hamilton populations reveals that the P−P interactions are mainly responsible for the structural stability. The P‐rich compounds with stoichiometries of MgP, MgP2 and MgP3 exhibit superconductive behaviors, and these phases show Tc in the range of 4.3–20 K. Our study provides useful information for understanding the Mg‐P binary compounds at high pressure.
Urea derivative catalyzed enantioselective aldol reaction of isatins with ketones
Authors: Wang Li Ming , Zhao Mei Jun , Chen Zhe , Mu Hong Wen , Jin Ying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUrea derivative has been used to catalyze the asymmetric aldol reaction of isatins with ketones. The resulting 3‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxy‐indolin‐2‐ones products were obtained in good yields (70%‐94%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 87%ee).
Numerical analysis of electromagnetic interactions by a cell during the mitosis phases
Authors: Mangini Fabio , Muzi Marco , Frezza Fabrizio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, a numerical study of the interaction of an electromagnetic field with a biological cell in the different phases of mitosis is presented. In particular, the validity of the single‐shell model during mitosis from a geometrical viewpoint has been considered. We consider the Jurkat cell for our analysis and model the content of the cell, composed by the nucleus and different organelles immersed in cytoplasm and delimited by the cell membrane, as a single material with appropriate electromagnetic properties derived by making use of effective medium approximation methods, i.e., we used a quasistatic approach to deal with the cell. To validate the model, a comparison between the original and 2 approximated geometry models is made and the results are in very good accordance. Subsequently, an analysis of the scattered field indicates that the most sensitive component to the mitosis phase is the one parallel to the segment joining the centers of the cells.
Effect of upper airway on tracheobronchial fluid dynamics
Authors: Kim Minsuok , Collier Guilhem J. , Wild Jim M. , Chung Yongmann M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe upper airways play a significant role in the tracheal flow dynamics. Despite many previous studies, however, the effect of the upper airways on the ventilation distribution in distal airways has remained a challenge. The aim of this study is to experimentally and computationally investigate the dynamic behaviour in the intratracheal flow induced by the upper respiratory tract and to assess its influence on the subsequent tributaries. Patient‐specific images from 2 different modalities (magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airways and computed tomography of the lower airways) were segmented and combined. An experimental phantom of patient‐specific airways (including the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, down to generations 6‐8) was generated using 3D printing. The flow velocities in this phantom model were measured by the flow‐sensitised phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging technique and compared with the computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both experimental and computational results show a good agreement in the time‐averaged velocity fields as well as fluctuating velocity. The flows in the proximal trachea were complex and unsteady under both lower‐ and higher‐flow rate conditions. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were also performed with an airways model without the upper airways. Although the flow near the carina remained unstable only when the inflow rate was high, the influence of the upper airways caused notable changes in distal flow distributions when the 2 airways models were compared with and without the upper airways. The results suggest that the influence of the upper airways should be included in the respiratory flow assessment as the upper airways extensively affect the flows in distal airways and consequent ventilation distribution in the lungs.
Online scheduling of deadline‐constrained bag‐of‐task workloads on hybrid clouds
Authors: Peláez Víctor , Campos Antonio , García Daniel F. , Entrialgo Joaquín 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe advent of hybrid cloud technologies and public Infrastructures as a Service (IaaS) allows service developers to offer services to their customers with little upfront investment and to adapt services to different workload sizes. The problem of minimizing the costs of the hired public infrastructure while providing the quality of service needed by the final customer arises when using hybrid clouds. Several scheduling strategies have been proposed to solve this problem for services dealing with deadline‐constrained bag‐of‐tasks workloads. Most of these solutions do not consider the variable performance of the clouds, the provisioning delay of virtual machine instances that affects the elasticity, and the impracticality of having good processing time estimations in real systems. We propose a scheduler algorithm that overcomes previous limitations and can minimize the cost of the infrastructure while maximizing the number of deadlines met by the service. Our solution can work autonomously by using sampled observations of the processing times and considers the heterogeneity and the provisioning time of the virtual machine instances. An evaluation was conducted by simulating different scenarios and workload types. Simulation results show that our solution obtains better or similar results than previous techniques in most scenarios in terms of deadlines met.
A client‐server JavaScript code rewriting‐based framework to detect the XSS worms from online social network
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Gupta B.B. , Chaudhary Pooja 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis article presents a client‐server JavaScript code rewriting‐based framework that protects and preserves the privacy of online users against XSS worms on Online Social Network (OSN). The server‐side generates an estimation graph which is explored for extracting the JavaScript code and shifts such code in a separate file. This shifting is done for completely isolating the untrusted JavaScript code and data. The client‐side performs runtime monitoring of the dynamic JavaScript code to recognize the tainted flow of untrusted JavaScript variables. The context of such dynamic tainted variables is determined, for performing the string analysis to examine whether it may be considered as vulnerable point or not. Finally, decoding operation is performed on the obfuscated malicious JavaScript code and the JavaScript code embedded in the parameter values of HTTP request. If match is found, then XSS attack vector is present. Otherwise, it is not. The authors have developed their prototype on the Java development framework and have estimated the malicious script alleviation capability of this proposed work on tested web applications (Humhub, Elgg, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal).
Retracted: Study on measurement reliability based on Liu estimator
Authors: Huang Jiewu , Ma Lie , Li Rong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRetraction: Huang J, Ma L, Li R. Study on measurement reliability based on Liu estimator. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. 2019;31:e4709. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4709 The above article, published online on 31st May 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor, Professor Geoffrey Fox, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to a reversal of the Liu and OLS estimators resulting in foundational errors that are beyond the scope of an erratum.
Quantitative Assessment of Xenon Exchange Kinetics with Cucurbit[6]uril in Physiological Saline
Authors: Korchak Sergey , Riemer Thomas , Kilian Wolfgang , Mitschang Lorenz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCucurbit[6]uril and xenon form supramolecular complexes that are of great potential for biosensing by NMR. This host‐guest system acts alike a signaler in sensors facilitating the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers by saturation transfer of chemically exchanging, hyperpolarized 129Xe. Here, the exchange process is evaluated by NMR exchange spectroscopy utilizing the preparation of anti‐parallel longitudinal magnetization with respect to free and host‐bound xenon and the variation of xenon concentration. Evidence for dissociative as well as degenerate exchange mechanisms is revealed by a linear regression analysis of the determined exchange rates resulting in rate coefficients of 1131±11 s−1 (2390±70 s−1) and 108500±4900 M−1 s−1 (174200±13900 M−1 s−1), respectively, and an affinity constant of 289±8 M−1 (278±14 M−1) in physiological saline at 298 K (310 K). The results elucidate the supramolecular exchange and underpin the high efficacy for biosensing of this host‐guest system. The approach is generally applicable to enhanced host‐xenon exchange dynamics, yet slow on the NMR timescale, for quantitative kinetics and biosensing analyses.
Linking stream ecosystem integrity to catchment and reach conditions in an intensively managed forest landscape
Authors: Erdozain Maitane , Kidd Karen , Kreutzweiser David , Sibley Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractForests are vital to maintaining headwater stream integrity in forested biomes, which ensures the delivery of aquatic ecosystem services downstream. Forest harvesting, however, can alter land–water linkages and compromise stream integrity. Historically, the main effects of forestry on streams have been documented by studies that used relatively few (mainly abiotic) indicators and which focused on single harvesting events. However, forest management is expected to intensify in the future to meet increasing global wood demand and it is likely that our present understanding does not adequately capture the cumulative effects that streams will be subjected to under intensive forest management. To address this, we assessed the effects of varying forest management intensities on the integrity of 15 forest headwater streams in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. We used a comprehensive approach to link multiple biotic and abiotic indicators of stream ecosystem integrity to reach‐ and catchment‐level characteristics including forest management (e.g., cumulative harvesting over time, road density, forest condition). Most indicators detected the gradient in forest management intensity with abiotic indicators responding most strongly. Streams in catchments with highest management intensity (especially road density) tended to have higher fine inorganic sediment deposition and entrainment, water cations and carbon, dissolved organic matter humification, and water temperature. These abiotic differences were associated with higher biofilm biomass and shredder densities, but lower leaf decomposition. Evidence from our multi‐indicator approach elucidated a potential effects pathway of higher inorganic sediment content in biofilms of organic matter potentially limiting or altering its use by microbial and benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities and resulting in reduced leaf decomposition rates. Overall, this study shows that current best management practices in an intensively managed watershed (and legacy effects from past management such as older road systems) do not fully protect against an increased delivery of terrestrial materials to streams with resulting habitat and biotic changes, but that they are mostly effective at preventing the impairment of BMI communities.