bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women Offenders’ Criminal Narrative Experience
Authors: Ciesla Kayley , Ioannou Maria , Hammond Laura 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Although there is a vast array of theories on crime, one area that is largely under-represented is that of the actual experience of the offender engaged in criminal acts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the individual and phenomenological experiences of crime amongst women offenders.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consisted of 128 women who had committed a criminal offence, with an average age of 36.40 years (SD=11.12). Participants were recruited to take part in the study by answering a questionnaire exploring the emotions and narrative roles they experienced during commission of a crime. From this, participants’ Criminal Narrative Experience (CNE) was determined.

Findings
Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) analyses revealed that emotional experiences and narrative roles were thematically associated, and when both were subjected to SSA analysis, two main themes of CNE were identified: Avenging Angel and Choiceless Victim. The Choiceless Victim experience was the most representative of women’s experiences in this study.

Practical implications
The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Future directions for research are also outlined.

Originality/value
The findings offer an alternative perspective and theoretical framework for examining women offenders’ criminal experiences.
The role of change readiness and colleague support in the role stressors and withdrawal behaviors relationship among health care employees
Authors: Chênevert Denis , Kilroy Steven , Bosak Janine 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of role stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload) on change readiness and in turn their effects on the withdrawal process. In addition, it explores the moderating role of colleague support in the relationship between role stressors and change readiness.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from health care workers (n=457) in a large Canadian hospital undergoing large scale change.

Findings
The results revealed that role ambiguity and role conflict had a significant negative association with change readiness. Change readiness was related to turnover intentions which was related to higher levels of absenteeism and actual turnover. Change readiness partially mediated the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intentions but not for role conflict and role overload. Turnover intentions partially mediated the relationship between change readiness and actual turnover but not for absenteeism. Role conflict had a direct rather than an indirect effect via change readiness on turnover intentions. Finally, colleague support moderated the relationship between all three role stressors and change readiness.

Originality/value
Little is known about the limiting factors of change as well as the factors that protect against them. The authors identify role stressors as a limiting factor for change and highlight their impact on change readiness and the overall withdrawal process. The results, however, also show that some demands are more commonly experienced by health care workers thereby not posing a threat to their change readiness. Colleague support is identified as a coping mechanism for mitigating against the detrimental effects of role stressors.
Ant community response to disturbance: A global synthesis
Authors: Lessard Jean‐Philippe 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Focus: Andersen, A. N. (2019). . Journal of Animal Ecology 88, 350–362.
Disturbance is a key driver of ecosystem dynamics. Whereas plant community responses to disturbance are relatively well understood, the same does not hold for animals. With rapid changes affecting our world's ecosystems, predicting the response of important ecological groups to ongoing disturbance should be a focus. In particular, ants are ecosystem engineers that create habitats for other organisms and have a crucial role to play in nutrient cycling. Nevertheless, our understanding of ant community response to disturbance is, at best, fragmented. Moreover, how ant communities respond to disturbance on a global scale appears highly idiosyncratic. The perspective article by Andersen (Journal of Animal Ecology 88, 350–362.) proposes five general principles that can help elucidate ant community response to disturbance. Specifically, this synthesis deepens our understanding of how contemporary disturbances, ecological processes and the evolutionary and biogeographic history of lineages interact to influence ant community structure.
Host plant phylogeny and abundance predict root‐associated fungal community composition and diversity of mutualists and pathogens
Authors: Schroeder John W. , Martin Jessica T. , Angulo Diego F. , Arias‐Del Razo Itzel , Barbosa Jomar M. , Perea Ramón , Sebastián‐González Esther , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Interactions between plants and their root‐associated fungi (RAF) may influence the relative abundance of tree species and determine forest community diversity. Such plant–soil feedbacks in turn depend on the degree to which spatial distance and phylogenetic relatedness of host trees structure pathogen and mutualist communities, but research detailing these aspects of RAF communities is lacking. Here, we characterize plant–RAF associations across a diverse plant community, focusing on the degree to which RAF communities are structured by spatial distance, host phylogenetic relatedness, and host abundance. We compare results for different functional groups, including both putative mutualists and pathogens, an aspect poorly examined hitherto.

We collected roots at regular intervals along ten 50 m by 2 m transects, then used DNA barcoding to identify host plants, and characterize the associated fungal community. Variance partitioning was used to measure the relative contributions of host phylogenetic relatedness and spatial distance to explaining RAF community composition. A weighted linear regression was used to measure the correlation between host abundance and RAF diversity.

Phylogenetic distance among hosts was a better predictor of RAF community composition than spatial distance, but this relationship was stronger for putative pathogens than for mutualists, suggesting that pathogens show stronger host preference than mutualists. Across all functional groups, RAF showed similar levels of spatial structure. Additionally, RAF communities of locally abundant plants were less diverse than RAF communities of rare plants.

Synthesis. We found that RAF communities are structured by the phylogenetic relatedness of hosts and, to a lesser extent, by spatial distance, with pathogens showing stronger host preference than mutualists. Abundant hosts had less diverse RAF communities than rare hosts, which is notable because abundant plants tend to experience weaker negative plant–soil feedback. Going forward, mechanisms underlying the host abundance‐RAF diversity relationship warrant further investigation. Additionally, the survey approach presented here could be paired with experiments linking RAF community composition to plant recruitment.
Feasibility of parent communication training with remote coaching using smartphone apps
Authors: Stockwell Katy , Alabdulqader Ebtisam , Jackson Dan , Basu Anna , Olivier Patrick , Pennington Lindsay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunication training for parents of young children with neurodisability is often delivered in groups and includes video coaching. Group teaching is problematic when there is wide variation in the characteristics and needs amongst participants.AimsTo assess the potential feasibility and acceptability of delivering one‐to‐one parent training supported by remote coaching using smartphone apps and of conducting further trials of the intervention.Methods & ProceduresWe aimed to recruit eight children aged 12–48 months with motor disorders and communication difficulties and to provide families with individual parent training in six weekly home visits supplemented by remote coaching via smartphone apps. For outcome measurement, parents recorded their interaction with their child thrice weekly during baseline (3 weeks), intervention, post‐intervention (3 weeks) and follow‐up (1 week). Measures comprised parent responsiveness and counts of children's communication and vocalization. Research design feasibility was measured through rates of recruitment, attrition, outcome measure completion and agreement between raters on outcome measurement. Intervention feasibility was assessed through the proportion of therapy sessions received, the number of videos and text messages shared using the apps in remote coaching, and message content. Parents were interviewed about the acceptability of the intervention and trial design. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.Outcomes & ResultsNine children were recruited over 16 weeks. All fitted the inclusion criteria. Four families withdrew from the study. Five families completed the intervention. No family submitted the target number of video recordings for outcome measurement. Interrater agreement was moderate for child communication (K = 0.46) and vocalization (K = 0.60) and high for The Responsive Augmentative and Alternative Communication Style scale (RAACS) (rs = 0.96). Parents who completed the intervention reported positive experiences of the programme and remote coaching via the apps. Therapist messages via the app contained comments on parent and child behaviour and requests for parental reflection/action; parental messages contained reflections on children's communication.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe intervention and study design demanded high levels of parental involvement and was not suitable for all families. Recording shorter periods of interaction via mobile phones or using alternative methods of data collection may increase feasibility of outcome measurement.
Prospective observational study of vaginal microbiota pre‐ and post‐rescue cervical cerclage
Authors: Brown RG , Chan D , Terzidou V , Lee YS , Smith A , Marchesi JR , MacIntyre DA , Bennett PR 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between vaginal microbiota composition and outcome of rescue cervical cerclage.DesignProspective observational study.SettingQueen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London.PopulationTwenty singleton pregnancies undergoing a rescue cervical cerclage.MethodsVaginal microbiota composition was analysed in women presenting with a dilated cervix and exposed fetal membranes before and 10 days following rescue cervical cerclage and was correlated with clinical outcomes.Main outcome measuresComposition of vaginal bacteria was characterised by culture‐independent next generation sequencing. Successful cerclage was defined as that resulting in the birth of a neonate discharged from hospital without morbidity. Unsuccessful cerclage was defined as procedures culminating in miscarriage, intrauterine death, neonatal death or significant neonatal morbidity.ResultsReduced Lactobacillus spp. relative abundance was observed in 40% of cases prior to rescue cerclage compared with 10% of gestation age‐matched controls (8/20, 40% versus 3/30, 10%, P = 0.017). Gardnerella vaginalis was over‐represented in women presenting with symptoms (3/7, 43% versus 0/13, 0%, P = 0.03, linear discriminant analysis, LDA (log 10) and cases culminating in miscarriage (3/6, 50% versus 0/14, 0%, P = 0.017). In the majority of cases (10/14, 71%) bacterial composition was unchanged following cerclage insertion and perioperative interventions.ConclusionsReduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. is associated with premature cervical dilation, whereas high levels of G. vaginalis are associated with unsuccessful rescue cerclage cases. The insertion of a rescue cerclage does not affect the underlying bacterial composition in the majority of cases.Tweetable abstractPreterm cervical dilatation associates with reduced Lactobacillus spp. Presence of Gardnerella vaginalis predicts rescue cerclage failure.
Use of publication procedures to improve research integrity by addiction journals
Authors: Gorman Dennis M. 
Published: March 2019

Background and AimsThe credibility crisis evident in many academic disciplines has led peer‐reviewed journals to implement procedures to reduce use of flexible data analysis practices and selective reporting of results. This exploratory study examined the adoption of six of these procedures by addiction journals.MethodsThirty‐eight high‐impact addiction journals were identified using the 2018 Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Report for 2017 ranks. The online instructions for authors were reviewed for references to six publication procedures: conflict of interest disclosure, reporting guidelines, clinical trial registration, registration of other study designs, data‐sharing and registered reports. The webpages of the Center for Open Science and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) were also reviewed for data pertaining to registered reports and reporting guidelines, respectively.ResultsThe range of procedures adopted by the addiction journals was 0–5, with a mean of 2.66. Conflict‐of‐interest disclosure was required by all but one journal. Encouraging data‐sharing was the next most commonly required procedure. Fewer than half the journals recommended specific reporting guidelines or required registration of clinical trials, and only four required procedures to pre‐specify hypotheses and analytical methods.ConclusionsWhile many addiction journals have adopted publication procedures to improve research integrity, these can be limited by their voluntary nature and monitoring difficulties. More stringent requirements that lock researchers into specific hypotheses and analyses have not been widely adopted.
Life after opioid‐involved overdose: survivor narratives and their implications for ER/ED interventions
Authors: Elliott Luther , Bennett Alex S. , Wolfson‐Stofko Brett 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsNumerous states in the United States are working to stem opioid‐involved overdose (OD) by engaging OD survivors before discharge from emergency departments (EDs). This analysis examines interactions between survivors and medical care providers that may influence opioid risk behaviors post‐OD.DesignQualitative stakeholder analysis involving in‐depth interviews with samples from three groups.SettingTwo hospitals in high OD‐mortality neighborhoods in New York City (NYC), USA.ParticipantsTotal N = 35: emergency medical services personnel (EMS; n = 9) and ED medical staff (EDS; n = 6) both working in high OD‐mortality neighborhoods in NYC; recent opioid‐involved OD survivors who had been administered naloxone and transported to a hospital ED (n = 20).MeasurementsEMS and EDS interviews examined content of verbal interactions with survivors and attitudes related to people who use opioids. Survivor interviews addressed healthcare experiences, OD‐related behavioral impacts and barriers to risk‐reduction post‐OD.FindingsBoth EMS and EDS stakeholders described frequent efforts to influence survivors’ subsequent behavior, but some acknowledged a loss of empathy, and most described burnout related to perceived ingratitude or failure to influence patients. Survivors reported being motivated to reduce opioid risk following a non‐fatal OD and many described successful risk‐reduction efforts post‐OD. Intentions to cease opioid use or reduce risk were complicated by unmanaged, naloxone‐related withdrawal, lack of social support and perceived disrespect from EMS and/or EDS.ConclusionsEmergency department interventions with opioid‐involved overdose (OD) survivors may benefit from training emergency medical staff to assure a continuity of non‐judgmental, socially supportive remediation attempts throughout contacts with different care‐givers. Brief interventions to educate emergency medical staff about current theories of addiction and evidence‐based treatment may achieve this goal while reducing care‐giver burnout and improving the uptake and efficacy of post‐OD interventions delivered in emergency departments.
Transferring 24/7 sobriety from South Dakota to South London: the case of MOPAC's Alcohol Abstinence Monitoring Requirement Pilot
Authors: Bainbridge Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsDuring the past three decades an expansive literature has emerged that is dedicated to analysing the processes of policy transfer. One neglected pathway involves subnational agents emulating crime control innovations that have emerged in subnational jurisdictions of other nations. This paper presents the case of the London Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime's (MOPAC) Alcohol Abstinence Monitoring Requirement (AAMR) Pilot to examine the multi‐level factors that facilitate and/or constrain international–subnational crime and justice policy transfer.MethodsA qualitative case study design reconstructed the (in)formal events that led to components of the South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Project (USA) being either abandoned or integrated into MOPAC's AAMR Pilot. Evidence is drawn from elite interviews and documentary materials.ResultsA series of inter/transnational‐, macro‐domestic‐, meso‐ and micro‐level factors enabled and/or obstructed processes of complete international–subnational policy transfer. Exclusion of domestic violence perpetrators from the London Pilot was fuelled by interest‐group hostility and mobilization. Use of alcohol tags rather than breathalysers to monitor compliance was a result of political–economic constraints, concern surrounding intrusion, technological innovation and policy‐orientated learning. The decision to omit an ‘offender pays’ funding mechanism was a consequence of legal incompatibility and civil service reluctance, while ‘flash incarceration’ for breach was not implemented due to European policy harmonization.ConclusionsThe London Alcohol Abstinence Monitoring Requirement Pilot was a policy ‘synthesis’ that combined ideas, goals, vocabulary, principles, technology and practices from the South Dakota model with the existing English and Welsh criminal justice framework. Structural factors and the actions of particular agents limited the extent to which policy transfer occurred.
Does the new nutrition facts panel help compensate for low numeracy skills? An eye‐tracking analysis
Authors: Grebitus Carola , Davis George C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConsumers often neglect nutrition information when food shopping, and even those attending to the information can have comprehension difficulties correlated with numeracy skills. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration redesigned the Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) to enable consumers to use the information more easily. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether consumers will pay more attention to the improved NFP compared to the original NFP, and how their numeracy skills affect the attention. We study the effect of NFP modifications on attention while controlling for the individual's numeracy skills. Data stem from a laboratory experiment using eye‐tracking. The experiment has two treatments measuring attention towards the original and modified NFP for a basket of groceries. Participants’ numeracy skills are measured using the Subjective Numeracy Scale. We test whether the new NFP can compensate for low numeracy skills. Results show that the original NFP receives more attention when numeracy skills are higher. However, the modifications to the NFP can help compensate for this numeracy effect.
Predicting the need for transfer and interventional angiography for patients with acute colonic haemorrhage in a regional setting
Authors: Self Duncan , Reece Mifanwy , Dilernia Shannon 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundRadiological angioembolization is an important strategy in management of acute colonic bleeding. Due to requirement for specialized interventional radiology, many hospitals rely on transfer for this service. This study aimed to identify patient and clinical factors associated with positive (blush) computed tomography mesenteric angiogram (CTMA) or need for invasive angiography. The secondary aim was to identify a patient population who may forego transfer and be safely managed in a regional centre.MethodsAll presentations to Central Coast Local Health District with colonic bleeding from June 2013–June 2017 were included. A guideline for transfer of patients with positive CTMA from Central Coast Local Health District to Royal North Shore Hospital had been established prior to the study period. Demographics, medical background, transfusion requirement, presentation details and mortality data were collected on all patients.ResultsOf 2378 patients presenting with colonic bleeding, 71 of 247 patients investigated with CTMA had a blush. Forty‐six patients were transferred to Royal North Shore Hospital. Of these, 28 proceeded to interventional angiography with 19 undergoing angioembolization. Acute transfusion ≥5 units (odds ratio 6.78, P < 0.01) was the only significant predictor of needing interventional angiography. There was no association between age, bleeding site (right or left), use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation, diverticular disease or chronic kidney disease and identification of arterial bleeding on interventional angiography. There was no mortality or significant procedure‐related morbidity.ConclusionA patient's medical background demonstrates a lack of correlation to identification of active bleeding on interventional angiography. Patients requiring ≥5 units blood transfusion should be considered for transfer and interventional angiography.
Relationship between resolution of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and changes in lipoprotein sub‐fractions: a post‐hoc analysis of the PIVENS trial
Authors: Corey Kathleen E. , Wilson Laura A. , Altinbas Akif , Yates Katherine P. , Kleiner David E. , Chung Raymond T. , Krauss Ronald M. , Chalasani Naga ,   the NASH Clinical Research Network
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundDyslipidaemia is frequent in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, it is unclear if improvement in liver histology is associated with favourable changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.AimsTo evaluate the relationship of NASH resolution and lipoprotein subfraction levels, markers of endothelial dysfunction, and macrophage activation.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen individuals with NASH who participated in the Pioglitazone vs Vitamin E vs Placebo for the Treatment of Nondiabetic Patients with NASH (PIVENS) trial with paired liver biopsies and serum samples available at baseline and after 96 weeks of treatment were included. Participants in the PIVENS trials received vitamin E, pioglitazone, or placebo for 96 weeks. Lipoprotein subfraction levels, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), E‐selectin, and sCD163 levels were assessed at baseline and week 96 and their relationship with NASH resolution was examined.ResultsFifty‐seven individuals had NASH resolution and 60 individuals did not have resolution of NASH. NASH resolution was associated with favourable changes in lipoprotein subfraction levels compared to those without NASH resolution. Individuals with resolution of NASH had a significantly increased mean peak LDL diameter (ratio of geometric means [96 weeks vs baseline] 1.007 vs 0.996, P = 0.004), and higher frequency of LDL phenotype A (58% vs 33%, P = 0.003) at week 96, after adjustment for relevant co‐variates including treatment group. No differences in VCAM, ICAM, E‐selectin, or sCD163 levels by NASH resolution were found.ConclusionsNASH resolution is associated with favourable changes in a subset of serum lipoprotein levels. More studies are warranted to understand if these favourable changes are associated with decreased risk of CVD.