bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an ICF‐based questionnaire for urinary and/or fecal incontinence (ICF‐IAF): The female patients’ perspective using focus groups (subproject)
Authors: Gass Stephanie , Kuhn Manuel , Koenig Irene , Radlinger Lorenz , Koehler Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to identify the problems and resources of women with urinary or fecal incontinence based on the International Classification of Function and Health (ICF) framework and detecting the impact on the personal environment and quality of life. This study forms part of a project with an overall goal to enable standardized planning and evaluation of interventions in multi‐professional settings.MethodsTo answer the study question a mixed‐method sequential design with a priority to the quantitative approach was considered appropriate. Regarding methods, focus groups were chosen to collect data. Transcripts were analyzed with content analysis and identified concepts linked to the corresponding ICF categories by two different raters. Cohen's kappa was calculated for interrater reliability.ResultsThirteen women with a mean age of 69.9 years were recruited. Four focus groups were conducted, whereas saturation was reached after two focus groups. Overall transcripts 99 defined ICF categories at second level could be linked (body functions = 31, body structures = 5, activities and participation = 33, and environmental factors = 30) whereas 4 categories were not sufficiently covered by the ICF (3 = personal factors, 1 = not covered).ConclusionsThis study has determined 103 resources and problems based on the ICF model of women with urinary and/or fecal incontinence. In spite of these results, it was shown that four concepts are not fully covered by the ICF framework. The current data highlight the importance of an extension of the ICF model, especially towards the personal factors of patients.
Contradiction between amide‐CEST signal and pH in breast cancer explained with metabolic MRI
Authors: Krikken Erwin , van der Kemp Wybe J.M. , Khlebnikov Vitaliy , van Dalen Thijs , Los Maartje , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Luijten Peter R. , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Wijnen Jannie P. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeMetabolic MRI is a noninvasive technique that can give new insights into understanding cancer metabolism and finding biomarkers to evaluate or monitor treatment plans. Using this technique, a previous study has shown an increase in pH during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, while recent observation in a different study showed a reduced amide proton transfer (APT) signal during NAC treatment (negative relation). These findings are counterintuitive, given the known intrinsic positive relation of APT signal to pH.MethodsIn this study we combined APT MRI and 31P‐MRSI measurements to unravel the relation between the APT signal and pH in breast cancer. Twenty‐two breast cancer patients were scanned with a 7 T MRI before and after the first cycle of NAC treatment. pH was determined by the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi).ResultsWhile APT signals have a positive relation to pH and amide content, we observed a direct negative linear correlation between APT signals and pH in breast tumors in vivo.ConclusionsAs differentiation of cancer stages was confirmed by observation of a linear correlation between cell proliferation marker PE/Pi (phosphoethanolamine over inorganic phosphate) and pH in the tumor, our data demonstrates that the concentration of mobile proteins likely supersedes the contribution of the exchange rate to the APT signal.
Design of Energetic Materials Based on Asymmetric Oxadiazole
Authors: Jin Xinghui , Xiao Menghui , Zhou Jianhua , Zhou Guowei , Hu Bingcheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new family of asymmetric oxadiazole based energetic compounds were designed. Their electronic structures, heats of formation, detonation properties and stabilities were investigated by density functional theory. The results show that all the designed compounds have high positive heats of formation ranging from 115.4 to 2122.2 kJ mol−1. −N− bridge/−N3 groups played an important role in improving heats of formation while −O− bridge/−NF2 group made more contributions to the densities of the designed compounds. Detonation properties show that some compounds have equal or higher detonation velocities than RDX, while some other have higher detonation pressures than RDX. All the designed compounds have better impact sensitivities than those of RDX and HMX and meet the criterion of thermal stability. Finally, some of the compounds were screened as the candidates of high energy density compounds with superior detonation properties and stabilities to that of HMX and their electronic properties were investigated.
A case of a sublingual dermoid cyst in a 6‐year‐old child
Authors: Miyamoto Isao , Endo‐Sakamoto Yosuke , Yamano Yukio , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Tanzawa Hideki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDermoid cysts, which are lined by ectoderm elements, typically arise in skin, testicles, and ovaries. These cysts mostly occur during the second or third decade of life and rarely present in children. We describe a rare case of a dermoid cyst in a 6‐year‐old Japanese girl. Examination showed a smooth, well‐defined cystic swelling approximately 30 × 20 mm2 in the midline of the oral floor. The cyst was excised via the intraoral approach under general anesthesia. The histopathologic diagnosis of a dermoid cyst was made. The clinical outcome was satisfactory without postoperative complications during the 26‐month follow‐up period.
Evidence for BCR/ABL1‐positive T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia arising in an early lymphoid progenitor cell
Authors: Ragg Susanne , Zehentner Barbara K. , Loken Michael R. , Croop James M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBCR‐ABL1‐positive leukemias have historically been classified as either chronic myelogenous leukemia or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Recent analyses suggest there may be a wider range of subtypes. We report a patient with BCR‐ABL1 fusion positive T‐cell ALL with a previously undescribed cell distribution of the fusion gene. The examination of sorted cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed the BCR‐ABL1 fusion in the malignant T cells and a subpopulation of the nonmalignant B cells, but not nonmalignant T cells or myeloid or CD34+ progenitor cells providing evidence that the fusion may have occurred in an early lymphoid progenitor.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic management of renal tumors in children: Preliminary results
Authors: Blanc Thomas , Pio Luca , Clermidi Pauline , Muller Cecile , Orbach Daniel , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Harte Caroline , Meignan Pierre , Kohaut Jules , Heloury Yves , Sarnacki Sabine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe present the preliminary results of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic (RAL) total and partial nephrectomy for renal malignant tumors in children.MethodsThis is a prospective study of patients operated with RAL between December 2016 and September 2018. Patients with Wilms tumors were treated according to the SIOP‐2001 protocol. Patient and tumor characteristics, type of surgery, surgical‐related morbidity, and oncologic outcomes were recorded. Results were compared with a series of patients with similar age‐ and tumor‐related characteristics operated during the same period by an open surgical approach.ResultsTen children underwent RAL nephrectomy with a mean age of five years (3.2–14.1 years). Total nephrectomy was done in six cases for Wilms tumor and in one case for renal sarcoma; three cases were converted. Complete removal of tumor without rupture was achieved in all cases. Postoperative course was uneventful, and patients were discharged between days 2 and 7. Neither recurrence nor medium‐term complications occurred. Nine patients are alive with a median follow‐up of 16 months (6–27 months) and one female died from complications of central nervous system metastases one year after surgery. When compared with the open surgical approach group, median tumor volume was smaller (P = 0.005), hospital stay was shorter (P = 0.01), and operative time was similar (P = 0.20).ConclusionsRAL total and partial nephrectomy procedure for renal tumor in children may be an option in carefully selected cases. Indication should be discussed at tumor boards and surgery performed while adhering strictly to oncological surgical rules.
The sunken morphology of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex spherulite
Authors: Liu Yanping , Zhang Mengnan , Wei Hanghang , Wang Zhen , Zeng Jun , Qian Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties and microstructure of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stereocomplex spherulite at the micrometric scale were investigated using nanoindentation and synchrotron radiation scanning X‐ray microdiffraction, which exhibits a new growth habit with more and more compact lamellae. Using atomic force microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, a unique sunken morphology was found. Unbalanced surface stress and volume shrinkage are proposed as the main factors for the sunken morphology, which is also contributed by a novel growth regime driven by the hydrogen bonding between two PLA enantiomers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Cancer‐related cognitive impairment and associated factors in a sample of older male oral‐digestive cancer survivors
Authors: Regier Natalie G. , Naik Aanand D. , Mulligan Elizabeth A. , Nasreddine Ziad S. , Driver Jane A. , Sada Yvonne H.‐F. , Moye Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the demographic and clinical variables associated with cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in a sample of older, male, oral‐digestive cancer survivors at VA Medical Centers in Boston and Houston.MethodsA two‐time point, longitudinal design was used, with cognitive assessment conducted at 6 and 18 months post‐diagnosis. Using ANCOVA, the cognitive functioning of 88 older adults with head and neck, esophageal, gastric, or colorectal cancers was compared with that of 88 healthy controls. Paired t‐tests examined cognitive change over time in the cancer group. Hierarchical linear regression examined variables potentially associated with cognitive impairment at 18 months.ResultsForty‐eight percent of cancer patients exhibited cognitive impairment 6 months post‐cancer diagnosis, and 40% at 18 months. Cancer survivors were impaired relative to controls on measures of sustained attention, memory, and verbal fluency at 18 months, controlling for age. Older age, low hemoglobin, and cancer‐related PTSD were associated with worse cognition at 18 months.ConclusionsCRCI is more frequent in older adults than reported in studies of younger adults and may be more frequent in men. Potential areas of intervention for CRCI include psychotherapy for cancer‐related PTSD, treatment of anemia, and awareness of particularly vulnerable cognitive domains such as sustained attention, memory, and verbal fluency.
New Insights on the Compatibility of Nitrocellulose with Aniline‐Based Compounds
Authors: Trache Djalal , Tarchoun Ahmed Fouzi , Chelouche Salim , Khimeche Kamel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the compatibility of nitrocellulose (NC) with some aniline‐based stabilizers was studied in order to detect any interaction between these materials. Both thermal techniques [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vacuum stability test (VST)], and supplementary non‐thermal techniques [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and densimetry] were used. The thermal and non‐thermal measurements showed that NC was highly compatible with N‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐p‐nitroaniline (MENA) and diphenylamine (DPA), while a degree of incompatibility is indicated for N‐(2‐acetoxymethyl)‐p‐nitroaniline (ANA). The compatibility of the different mixtures was further probed by the kinetic investigation, and the activation energy and the pre‐exponential factors were computed. A detailed discussion and comparison of the compatibility results from all the methods are made.
Targeting prostate cancer cells with enzalutamide‐HDAC inhibitor hybrid drug 2‐75
Authors: Hu Wen‐Yang , Xu Liping , Chen Bailing , Ou Siyu , Muzzarelli Kendall M. , Hu Dan‐Ping , Li Ye , Yang Zhe , Vander Griend Donald J. , Prins Gail S. , Qin Zhihui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe progression of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) still relies on the function of androgen receptor (AR), achieved by evolving mechanisms to reactivate AR signaling under hormonal therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) disrupt cytoplasmic AR chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) via HDAC6 inhibition, leading to AR degradation and growth suppression of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. However, current HDACis are not effective in clinical trials treating CRPC.MethodsWe designed hybrid molecules containing partial chemical scaffolds of AR antagonist enzalutamide (Enz) and HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) as new anti‐PCa agents. We previously demonstrated that Enz‐HDACi hybrid drug 2‐75 targets both AR and Hsp90, which inhibits the growth of Enz‐resistant C4‐2 cells. In the current study, we further investigate the molecular and cellular actions of 2‐75 and test its anti‐PCa effects in vivo.ResultsCompared with Enz, 2‐75 had greater AR antagonistic effects by decreasing the stability, transcriptional activity, and nuclear translocation of intracellular AR. In addition to inhibition of full‐length AR (FL AR), 2‐75 downregulated the AR‐V7 variant in multiple PCa cell lines. Mechanistic studies indicated that the AR affinity of 2‐75 retains the drug in the cytoplasm of AR + PCa cells and further directs 2‐75 to the AR‐associated protein complex, which permits localized effects on AR‐associated Hsp90. Further, unlike pan‐HDACi SAHA, the cytoplasm‐retaining property allows 2‐75 to significantly inhibit cytoplasmic HDAC6 with limited impact on nuclear HDACs. These selective cytoplasmic actions of 2‐75 overcome the unfavorable resistance and toxicity properties associated with classical AR antagonists, HDACis, and Hsp90 inhibitors. Finally, 2‐75 showed greater antitumor activities than Enz in vivo on SQ xenografts derived from LNCaP cells.ConclusionsNovel therapeutic strategy using newly designed 2‐75 and related AR antagonist‐HDACi hybrid drugs has great potential for effective treatment of CRPC.
Prediction of quaternary structure by analysis of hot spot residues in protein‐protein interfaces: the case of anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferases
Authors: Schlee Sandra , Straub Kristina , Schwab Thomas , Kinateder Thomas , Merkl Rainer , Sterner Reinhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is an important goal of computational biology to correctly predict the association state of a protein based on its amino acid sequence and the structures of known homologues. We have pursued this goal on the example of anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase (AnPRT), an enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. Firstly, known crystal structures of naturally occurring homodimeric AnPRTs were analyzed using the Protein Interfaces, Surfaces, and Assemblies (PISA) service of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). This led to the identification of two hydrophobic “hot spot” amino acids in the protein‐protein interface that were predicted to be essential for self‐association. Next, in a comprehensive multiple sequence alignment (MSA), naturally occurring AnPRT variants with hydrophilic or charged amino acids in place of hydrophobic residues in the two hot spot positions were identified. Representative variants were characterized in terms of thermal stability, enzymatic activity, and quaternary structure. We found that AnPRT variants with charged residues in both hot spot positions exist exclusively as monomers in solution. Variants with hydrophilic amino acids in one hot spot position occur in both forms, monomer and dimer. The results of the present study provide a detailed characterization of the determinants of the AnPRT monomer‐dimer equilibrium and show that analysis of hot spots in combination with MSAs can be a valuable tool in prediction of protein quaternary structures.
Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors differentially modulate glutamate release and Serine935 LRRK2 phosphorylation in striatal and cerebrocortical synaptosomes
Authors: Mercatelli Daniela , Bolognesi Paolo , Frassineti Martina , Pisanò Clarissa A. , Longo Francesco , Shimshek Derya R. , Morari Michele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been pathogenically linked to Parkinson's disease, and pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 is being pursued to tackle nigro‐striatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, LRRK2 kinase inhibitors may have manifold actions, affecting not only pathological mechanisms in dopaminergic neurons but also physiological functions in nondopaminergic neurons. Therefore, we investigated whether LRRK2 kinase inhibitors differentially modulate dopamine and glutamate release from the mouse striatum and cerebral cortex. Spontaneous and KCl‐evoked [3H]‐dopamine and glutamate release from superfused synaptosomes obtained from wild‐type and LRRK2 knock‐out, kinase‐dead or G2019S knock‐in mice was measured. Two structurally unrelated inhibitors, LRRK2‐IN‐1 and GSK2578215A, were tested. LRRK2, phosphoSerine1292 and phosphoSerine935 LRRK2 levels were measured in all genotypes, and target engagement was evaluated by monitoring phosphoSerine935 LRRK2. LRRK2‐IN‐1 inhibited striatal glutamate but not dopamine release; GSK2578215A inhibited striatal dopamine and cortical glutamate but enhanced striatal glutamate release. LRRK2‐IN‐1 reduced striatal and cortical phosphoSerine935 levels whereas GSK2578215A inhibited only the former. Neither LRRK2 inhibitor affected neurotransmitter release in LRRK2 knock‐out and kinase‐dead mice; however, they facilitated dopamine without affecting striatal glutamate in G2019S knock‐in mice. GSK2578215A inhibited cortical glutamate release in G2019S knock‐in mice. We conclude that LRRK2‐IN‐1 and GSK2578215A modulate exocytosis by blocking LRRK2 kinase activity, although their effects vary depending on the nerve terminal examined. The G2019S mutation unravels a dopamine‐promoting action of LRRK2 inhibitors while blunting their effects on glutamate release, which highlights their positive potential for the treatment of PD, especially of LRRK2 mutation carriers.
Left‐behind villages, left‐behind children: Migration and the cognitive achievement of rural children in China
Authors: Xie Wubin , Sandberg John , Huang Cheng , Uretsky Elanah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough the potential effects of migration on the cognitive development of children in origin communities reflect both household‐ and community‐level processes, few studies have examined how community‐level migration affects child cognitive development. By applying multilevel methods to nationally representative data of 2,248 children from 427 villages in China, we examine whether village migration intensity influences child cognitive ability and if so, what accounts for this influence. The findings suggest lower cognitive achievement in communities that experience high migration intensity. Living in a community with a large proportion of people who have migrated away from the community is associated with a 3.57‐unit decrease in verbal scores and a 1.54‐unit decrease in maths scores, which is equivalent to missing 1.67 and 0.87 years of schooling, respectively. A possible explanation for this effect is the change in demographic composition such that communities are depleted of better educated adults.
Composite antidisturbance control for nonlinear systems via nonlinear disturbance observer and dissipative control
Authors: Qi Shengbo , Wang Hong‐Du , Wu Huai‐Ning , Guo Lei 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the design problem of composite antidisturbance control for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple disturbances. First, a novel nonlinear disturbance observer‐based control scheme is constructed to estimate and compensate the disturbance modeled by the nonlinear exosystem. Then, by combining the dissipative control theory, a linear matrix inequality‐based design method of composite antidisturbance control is developed such that the augmented system is exponentially stable in the absence of unmodeled disturbances, and is dissipative in the presence of unmodeled disturbances. In this case, the original closed‐loop system is exponentially stable in the presence of modeled disturbances. Subsequently, two special cases of composite antidisturbance control are derived with H∞ performance and passivity, respectively. Finally, the proposed method is applied to control A4D aircraft to show its effectiveness.
Multiple Pathways by Which Compounding Morphological Awareness Is Related to Reading Comprehension: Evidence From Chinese Second Graders
Authors: Kim Young‐Suk Grace , Guo Qian , Liu Yan , Peng Yan , Yang Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMorphological awareness, or the knowledge and awareness of morphemes and morphological structures in a language, has been shown to be important to reading. The authors investigated multiple pathways by which compounding morphological awareness is related to reading comprehension: indirect pathways via vocabulary, word reading, and listening comprehension, as well as a direct relation. This question was addressed using data from 325 Chinese (Mandarin)‐speaking second graders. The authors tested alternative structural equation models that compared variations of direct and indirect relations. Results revealed that the two predictors according to the simple view of reading, word reading and listening comprehension, explained 80% of the variance in reading comprehension. Importantly, compounding morphological awareness was directly related to reading comprehension, as well as indirectly via vocabulary, word reading, and listening comprehension. Together, they explained 87% of the total variance in reading comprehension. Moreover, the total effect of compounding morphological awareness on reading comprehension, after accounting for the direct effect (0.18) and indirect effects (0.32) via multiple pathways, was substantial (0.49 standardized regression weight). These results add to growing evidence on the important role of morphological awareness in reading comprehension and highlight the multiple ways that morphological awareness makes a contribution to reading comprehension in Chinese.