bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mudanças na cobertura do solo sobre os campos do sul do Brasil: modelagem dos impactos sobre os fluxos mudanças na cobertura do solo
Authors: Goergen Guilherme , Valdes Roilan Hernandez , Roberti Débora Regina , Degrazia Gervásio Annes 
Published: December 2018

In this work, we investigated the impacts of land cover changes on the surface energy balance, on the Campos Sulinos of Southern Brazilian. For this, we used the INLAND model to simulate the multiple processes that occur in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system, considering three experiments, called control (ctrl), agriculture (agr) and bare soil (bar). The results showed that the model was able to satisfactorily represent the surface energy flux considering the natural vegetation in the Pampa biome. The changes in the physiological parameters showed the great influence that the vegetation cover exerts on the components of the surface energy balance, especially in relation to the reduction of the net radiation (approximately 20% in the conversion 1 and 40% in the conversion 2), caused largely by the increase in surface albedo (around 10% in the conversion 1 and 17% in the conversion 2). Consequently, latent and sensitive heat fluxes also show a significant reduction.
ID134692 Coallajavri, Karasjok k. Rapport fra utgravning 2012
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Excavation report. House-pit in Karasjok municipality, Finnmark. House-pit evidencing re-use, radiocarbon dates spanning between c. 1670 BC and AD 80. Burnt timber-framed floor, central hearth. A few quartz scrapers. Related publication:Skandfer, M. and Hood, B. in press LARM Investigations in the Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region, Finnmark. In Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8)Related report:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4328
ID143694 Guovzadievva Karasjok kommune Finnmark. Rapport fra utgravning 2012
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Exavation report (in Norwegian). Excavation of open Early Metal Age dwelling site. No clear hearths or dwelling structures, but several charcola concentrations and a concentration of fire-cracked rocks. Two find concentrations, several quartz scrapers in an assumed depot. Three radiocarbon dates: 1641-1500 BC, 209-54 BC and 65-0 BC. Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331 http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4330
Arkeologiske undersøkelser ved Njálbmeguoika, Karasjok k. Finnmark 2004
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Report from archaeological survey and test-pitting in an area with several house-pits and quartz flake concentrations, and an Iron Age hearth. Related publication:Skandfer, M., Hood, B. and Sommerseth, I. (in press) LARM Investigations in Inner Finnmark 1: The Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8) Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4326
A Tannic Acid–Derived N‐, P‐Codoped Carbon‐Supported Iron‐Based Nanocomposite as an Advanced Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for the Overall Water Splitting Cells and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Qin Qing , Jang Haeseong , Li Ping , Yuan Bing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRational design and construction of a multifunctional electrocatalyst featuring with high efficiency and low cost is fundamentally important to realize new energy technologies. Herein, a trifunctional electrocatalyst composed of FePx nanoparticles and Fe–N–C moiety supported on the N‐, P‐codoped carbon (NPC) is masterly synthesized by a facile one‐pot pyrolysis of the mixture of tannic acid, ferrous chloride, and sodium hydrogen phosphate. The synergy of each component in the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst renders high catalytic activities and excellent durability toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrocatalytic performance and practicability of the robust FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst are further investigated under the practical operation conditions. Particularly, the overall water splitting cell assembled by the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst only requires a voltage of 1.58 V to output the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of IrO2–Pt/C‐based cell. Moreover, the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC‐based zinc–air batteries deliver high round‐trip efficiency and remarkable cycling stability, much better than that of Pt/C–IrO2 pair‐based batteries. This work offers a new strategy to design and synthesize highly effective multifunctional electrocatalysts using cheaper tannic acid derived carbon as support applied in electrochemical energy devices.
Pull‐Down of Metalloproteins in Their Native States by Using Desthiobiotin‐Based Probes
Authors: Ngo Chinh , Mehta Radhika , Aggarwal Kanchan , Fikes Audrey G. , Santos Ines C. , Greer Sylvester M. , Que Emily L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne‐third of all proteins are estimated to require metals for structural stability and/or catalytic activity. Desthiobiotin probes containing metal binding groups can be used to capture metalloproteins with exposed active‐site metals under mild conditions so as to prevent changes in metallation state. The proof‐of‐concept was demonstrated with carbonic anhydrase (CA), an open active site, Zn2+‐containing protein. CA was targeted by using sulfonamide derivatives. Linkers of various lengths and structures were screened to determine the optimal structure for capture of the native protein. The optimized probes could selectively pull down CA from red blood cell lysate and other protein mixtures. Pull‐down of differently metallated CAs was also investigated.
A Simple DNAzyme‐Based Fluorescent Assay for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ali M. Monsur , Slepenkin Anatoly , Peterson Ellena , Zhao Weian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to public health, and the rapid and cost‐effective detection of such bacteria remains a major challenge. Herein, we present a DNAzyme‐based fluorescent paper sensor for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The DNAzyme was generated by an in vitro selection technique to cleave a fluorogenic DNA–RNA chimeric substrate in the presence of K. pneumoniae. The DNAzyme was printed on a paper substrate in a 96‐well format to serve as mix‐and‐read fluorescent assay that exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) 105 CFUs mL−1. Evaluated with 20 strains of clinical bacterial isolates, the DNAzyme produced the desired fluorescence signal with the samples of K. pneumoniae, regardless of their source or drug resistance. The assay is simple to use, rapid, inexpensive, and avoids the complex procedures of sample preparation and equipment. We believe that this DNAzyme‐based fluorescent assay has potential for practical applications to identify K. pneumoniae.
Analysis of TBA‐Based ETBE Production by Means of an Optimization‐Based Process‐Synthesis Approach
Authors: Kuhlmann Hanns , Möller Marcel , Skiborowski Mirko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current article presents the extension of a recently developed optimization‐based approach to process synthesis for process intensification. It generates phenomena‐based flowsheet options using superstructure optimization and provides a dedicated translation into equipment‐based flowsheets. The considered case‐study illustrates the application of the method for the analysis of ethyl tert‐butyl ether production, based on the conversion of tert‐butyl alcohol, under consideration of variable configurations of a rector network and a newly introduced pervaporation‐based membrane‐reactor block.
A new approach to model the influence of stirring intensity on ethanol production by a flocculant yeast grown on cashew apple juice
Authors: Pereira Andréa da Silva , Pinheiro Álvaro Daniel Teles , Rocha Maria Valderez Ponte , Gonçalves Luciana Rocha B. , Cartaxo Samuel Jorge Marques 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, a rigorous mathematical model was developed, aiming to address a major flaw inherent in most fermentation models found in the literature, which is the inability to accurately account for mass transfer effects. This model was based on the hypothesis of the existence of a stagnant film involving the cell where the mass transfer rate of the substrate flowing from the medium to the cell surface is equal to the rate of substrate consumption by the cells. The model was used to explore the influence of stirring speed, substrate, and initial cell concentrations and temperature on ethanol production by the flocculant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCA008, grown on cashew apple juice. Model parameters were estimated and validated against experimental data. The experimental data was divided into two sets: one for parameter optimization using non‐linear Marquardt least‐squares method; and the other to validate the final form of the model equations. Results have shown that the model herein proposed was capable of accurately describing the production of ethanol by S. cerevisiae flocculant yeast considering the influence of operational conditions, especially the effect of the stirring speed on the fermentation rate.
Teacher training and chemical jargon – science learning and language learning as a component of teacher training in chemistry
Authors: Herdt Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDie Ausbildung von Lehrkräften erfolgt in mehreren Phasen, im Fokus dieses Beitrages stehen die Abschnitte mit hohem Praxisbezug, also das Referendariat und die daran anschließende etwa fünfjährige Zeit der Lehrerfortbildung. Die Erfahrungen als Ausbilder zeigen, dass in den Chemie‐Fachbereichen von Universitäten (ausgenommen: die Didaktiken!) die unterrichtsrelevante exakte chemische Fachsprache noch nicht in vollem Umfang angekommen ist. Ausgehend von der Sprache im Fach Chemie werden allgemeinsprachliche und fachliche Problemstellen in den Fokus genommen. Fehlvorstellungen infolge einer ungenauen Beschreibung von Phänomenen und fachsprachliche Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Unterscheidung zwischen Phänomen‐ und Modellebene werden ebenso thematisiert wie animistische Sprechweisen, Bindungen/Wechselwirkungen und chemische Prozesse.
Medical resource utilization of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic castration‐naive prostate cancer: Results from LATITUDE
Authors: Li Tracy , Franco‐Villalobos Conrado , Proskorovsky Irina , Sorensen Sonja V. , Tran NamPhuong , Sulur Giri , Chi Kim N. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAbiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P), when added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival and disease progression over dual placebos added to ADT in the LATITUDE clinical trial (NCT01715285). The objective of this study was to assess event‐driven medical resource utilization (MRU) of ADT plus AA+P (ADT+AA+P) versus ADT plus dual placebos (ADT+placebos) in LATITUDE.MethodsEvent‐driven MRU data from LATITUDE while patients were on treatment were used for analyses. Types of MRU included overnight hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS), emergency room (ER) visits, radiotherapy, surgery, imaging, and specialist and general practitioner (GP) visits. Rates by treatment (per 100 person‐years) and rate ratios comparing ADT+AA+P with ADT+placebos were estimated with zero‐inflated Poisson regression. The difference in the average hospital LOS between arms was assessed with repeated measures regression analyses. Reasons for hospitalization were explored. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsA total of 1199 patients were enrolled in LATITUDE. Significantly lower rates of hospitalization (a 24% reduction), imaging (a 36% reduction), and radiotherapy (a 50% reduction) were observed with ADT+AA+P versus ADT+placebos. There was a nonsignificant trend of lower rates of specialist visits and surgery. The rates of ER and GP visits and the average LOS per hospitalization episode were similar across arms. The most common hospitalization reasons were genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and respiratory tract symptoms/disorders. The results remained consistent in a sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsAdding AA+P to ADT does not increase MRU and leads to lower rates of hospitalization, imaging, and radiotherapy. This likely reflects the more favorable clinical outcomes with ADT+AA+P therapy.
Structure and function of dual‐source cholinergic modulation in early vision
Authors: Krueger Juliane , Disney Anita A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBehavioral states such as arousal and attention have profound effects on sensory processing, determining how—even whether—a stimulus is perceived. This state‐dependence is believed to arise, at least in part, in response to inputs from subcortical structures that release neuromodulators such as acetylcholine, often nonsynaptically. The mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these nonsynaptic signals and the more point‐to‐point synaptic cortical circuitry are not well understood. This review highlights the state of the field, with a focus on cholinergic action in early visual processing. Key anatomical and physiological features of both the cholinergic and the visual systems are discussed. Furthermore, presenting evidence of cholinergic modulation in visual thalamus and primary visual cortex, we explore potential functional roles of acetylcholine and its effects on the processing of visual input over the sleep–wake cycle, sensory gain control during wakefulness, and consider evidence for cholinergic support of visual attention.
Security analysis of an ultra‐lightweight RFID authentication protocol for m‐commerce
Authors: Aghili Seyed Farhad , Mala Hamid 
Published: December 2018

SummaryNowadays, many people perform their commercial activities, such as electronic payment and electronic banking, through their mobile phones. Mobile commerce (m‐commerce) refers to manipulating electronic commerce (e‐commerce) by using mobile devices and wireless networks. Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) is a technology which can be employed to complete payment functions on m‐commerce. As an RFID subsystem is applied in m‐commerce and supply chains, the related security concerns are very important. Recently, Fan et al. have proposed an ultra‐lightweight RFID authentication scheme for m‐commerce (ULRAS) and claimed that their protocol is efficient enough and provides a high level of security. In this paper, we show that their protocol is vulnerable to secret disclosure and reader impersonation attacks. Finally, we improve it to a protocol that is resistant to the attacks presented in this paper and the other known attacks in the context of RFID authentication. We further analyze the security of the improved protocol through the Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic (BAN‐logic). Moreover, our proposed improvement does not impose any additional workload on the RFID tag.
Design aids for unreinforced masonry under bending compression – Part 1: Basics
Authors: Gunkler Erhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe semi‐probabilistic safety concept of divided safety factors for action and resistance of DIN EN 1990 [1] led in Germany to a comparison of resisting bending moments and normal forces with the corresponding acting section forces and moments in the structural design of masonry building elements.Regarding the material properties for masonry under bending compression, fully plastic material behaviour is assumed in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA [2]. The use of a stress block has been introduced as a material law, which results in the reduction factor ϕ for the determination of the loadbearing capacity of the section. This describes the ratio of the normal force resistance of the reduced (due to the bending effect) part of the design section under compression and the resistance value related to the total area.Building on this, design aids are presented here, which are comparable with the ν tables (called ϕ table here) and the ”general structural design program“ of massive building, since common mechanical basics permit this.The user‐friendly handling of the design diagram and design tables is demonstrated through examples in the second part of the scientific paper [3] and the relation to the calculation approaches of DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA [2] is made clear. The relation to the reduction factor ϕm, which takes into account the effects of second order theory, is also described in [3], like the use of the reset rule for masonry sections with normal forces acting with large load eccentricities.
Application of the Extrapolation standard DIN EN 15080‐12
Authors: Maruhn Liliia , Rünger Carsten 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor highly insulated clay masonry units, fire resistance is verified in the course of the approval procedure through fire tests according to harmonised European standards. The fire resistance class in the relevant national technical approval is then based on these tests. Classification according to these testing standards in combination with the extrapolation standard DIN EN 15080‐12 represents a justifiable option for the fire resistance classification of masonry walls according to harmonised European standards.In this paper, the extended scopes of application of the extrapolation standard are presented through the example of tests on precision clay masonry.
The QTc interval and risk of cardiac events in bulimia nervosa: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Frederiksen Tanja C. , Christiansen Morten K. , Østergaard Pernille C. , Thomsen Per H. , Graff Claus , Clausen Loa , Jensen Henrik K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveAn association between bulimia nervosa (BN) and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in the electrocardiogram has been suggested, but results of previous studies are conflicting, and the risk of cardiac events in patients with BN has yet to be investigated.MethodWe estimated mean QTc interval and relative risk of borderline (QTc >440 ms) and prolonged QTc (QTc >460 ms) between adult women with BN (N = 531) and healthy controls (N = 123). In follow‐up analyses, we investigated the risk of a primary endpoint (syncope, ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest) and all‐cause mortality in patients with BN (N = 702) compared with a population‐based cohort derived from the Danish Civil Register (N = 7,020).ResultsMean QTc did not differ between patients with BN and controls. Relative risk of borderline prolonged QTc was 2.3 (p = 0.28). The number of patients and controls with prolonged QTc was small, and the risk did not differ between patients with BN and controls. Median follow‐up was 10.6 years. Although there appeared to be increased risks after 5 years of follow‐up, long‐term risks of the primary endpoint (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.4, p = 0.37) and all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.7, p = .28), respectively, were not increased in patients with BN compared to a population‐based cohort.DiscussionMean QTc did not differ between patients with BN and healthy controls, and the risk of prolonged QTc was not increased in patients with BN. There was no difference in the long‐term risk of cardiac events, and long‐term all‐cause mortality did not differ significantly between patients with BN and a population‐based cohort.
Passive sampling of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along the Quequén Grande River watershed, Argentina
Authors: Silva-Barni María Florencia , Smedes Foppe , Fillmann Gilberto , Miglioranza Karina Silvia Beatriz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Water monitoring is of great importance, especially for water bodies in agricultural or industrial areas. Grab sampling is a widely used technique for aquatic monitoring but represents only a snapshot of the contaminant levels at a specific point in time. Passive sampling, on the other hand, is an integrative technique that provides an average concentration of contaminants representative of its deployment period. Thus, the current contamination by organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some currently used pesticides was assessed along the Quequén Grande River watershed (Argentina) using the integrative silicone rubber passive sampling technique in a year-long study. Silicone rubber samplers were deployed at 6 sampling sites selected according to different land uses (agricultural–livestock production, agricultural and urban activities) during 3 periods in 2014 and 2015. The organochlorine pesticides were dominated by endosulfan (sum of α-, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate = 0.15–23.4 ng/L). The highest endosulfan levels were registered during the pesticide application period (December–March), exceeding the international water quality guidelines for protecting freshwater biota (3 ng/L). Compared with previous reports, no reductions in endosulfan levels were observed at the Quequén Grande River watershed. These results would suggest the illegal use of remaining stocks because water sampling was carried out after endosulfan was banned in Argentina. Chlorpyrifos was the second major pesticide found in water (0.02–4.3 ng/L), associated with its widespread usage on soybean crops. A reduction in levels of legacy pesticides (heptachlors, DDTs, dieldrin, and chlordanes) was evident compared with previous reports from 2007. Levels of PCBs were very low, indicating that probably only minor diffuse sources were still available along the Quequén Grande River watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:340–349. © 2018 SETAC
Socioeconomic disparities in a population of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign disease
Authors: Wu Tara J. , Ha Patrick K. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , George Jonathan R. , Heaton Chase M. , Ryan William R. , Russell Marika D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the effect of insurance status (as a measure of socioeconomic status) on patient with benign thyroid disease.MethodsA retrospective review was performed among 60 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Univariate and multivariable analyses examined the relationship between insurance status and thyroid volume (sum of the left and right lobe volumes).ResultsTwenty‐eight (47%) patients were considered of underinsured/uninsured status, and 32 (53%) patients were considered of private/government/military insurance status. Median pathologic whole thyroid volume was 66 mL (range, 2‐855). After multivariable linear regression, underinsured/uninsured status was the only significant predictor of larger volume (correlation coefficient [r] = 118; 95% CI, 42 to 194; P = .003), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and presence of concomitant thyroid disease and compressive symptoms.ConclusionPatients of underinsured/uninsured status suffered more severe disease presentations at time of thyroidectomy, as measured by larger thyroid volumes.