bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Metamorphism and Provenance of the Metamorphic Basement of the Xiangshan Uranium Orefield, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: GUO Fusheng , SHI Guo , YANG Qingkun , ZHANG Wanliang , XIE Caifu , ZHOU Wanpeng , ZHANG Jiewei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe origin, age and evolution of the Precambrian metamorphic basement of southern China provide useful insights into early crustal development. Here, we present new laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb age data for detrital zircons from five samples of the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Xiangshan uranium orefield. Two of these samples, from the northern Xiangshan volcanic basin, yielded a total of 140 U–Pb ages that cluster within the Neoproterozoic (773–963 Ma; 79.3% of data points), with the rest being scattered through the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic, along with a single Archean age. These ages indicate that this basement material is associated with the Cathaysia Block. In comparison, the 172 concordant ages from the other three samples from the southern part of the Xiangshan volcanic basin cluster within the Neoproterozoic (767–944 Ma; 59.8%) as well as the Proterozoic (37.8%) and the Archean (2502–2712 Ma; 14.5%). These samples are also free of zircons with Grenvillian ages, indicating that these units are associated with the southeastern Yangtze Block. Combining these data with the geochemistry of these units, which suggests that the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks within the northern and southern parts of the Xiangshan basin have a common component from a magmatic island arc that formed during the early Neoproterozoic, we infer that the basin was located along the boundary between the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks. In addition, the zircons within the samples from the southern and northern parts of the Xiangshan basin show different pre‐Neoproterozoic (963 Ma) age populations but similar post‐Neoproterozoic zircon populations, indicating that the amalgamation of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred after the Neoproterozoic (960 Ma), with magmatism peaking at 830 Ma and rifting starting at ∼770 Ma, leading to the subsequent deposition (from bottom to top) of the Shenshan, Kuli, and Shangshi formations.
The Dihedral Angle and Intersection Processes of a Conjugate Strike‐Slip Fault System in the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: WU Guanghui , YUAN Yajuan , HUANG Shaoying , Vandyk Thomas Matthew , XIAO Yang , CAI Quan , LUO Bingxu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3‐D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of a large conjugate strike‐slip fault system from the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. Within our study area, “X” type NE and NW trending faults occur within Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonates. The dihedral angles of these conjugate faults have narrow ranges, 19° to 62° in the Cambrian and 26° to 51° in the Ordovician, and their modes are 42° and 44° respectively. These data are significantly different from the ∼60° predicted by the Coulomb fracture criterion. It is concluded that: (1) The dihedral angles of the conjugate faults were not controlled by confining pressure, which was low and associated with shallow burial; (2) As dihedral angles were not controlled by pressure they can be used to determine the shortening direction during faulting; (3) Sequential slip may have played an important role in forming conjugate fault intersections; (4) The conjugate fault system of the Tarim basin initiated as rhombic joints; these subsequently developed into sequentially active “X” type conjugate faults; followed by preferential development of the NW‐trending faults; then reactivation of the NE trending faults. This intact rhombic conjugate fault system presents new insights into mechanisms of dihedral angle development, with particular relevance to intracratonic basins.
Geology and Mineral Chemistry of Gold Mineralization in Mirge‐Naqshineh Occurrence (Saqez, NW Iran): Implications for Transportation and Precipitation of Gold
Authors: ASGHARI Golale , ALIPOUR Samad , AZIZI Hossein , MIRNEJAD Hassan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Mirge‐Naqshineh gold district is situated at northwest of Iran with a NW‐trending brittle‐ductile shear zone. It is hosted by Precambrian meta‐sedimentary and meta‐volcanic units traversed by mineralized quartz veins. In terms of cross‐cutting relationships and sulfide content three types of quartz veins are identified in the region. Among those, parallel to bedding quartz vein (type I) is the main host for gold mineralization. Gold is found in three different forms: 1) submicrometer‐size inclusions of gold in arsenian pyrite, 2) as electrum and 3) in the crystal lattice of sulfides (pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite). Six types of pyrite (Py1‐Py6) were identified in this ore reserve. Py3 coexists with arsenopyrite and contains the greatest As‐Au concentrations. There is a negative correlation between the As and S contents in Py2 and Py3, implying the substitution of sulfur by arsenic. Pyrites and mineralized quartz veins were formed via metamorphic‐hydrothermal fluid and reflect the gold‐transportation as Au(HS)−2 under reducing and acidic conditions. The gold precipitation mainly controlled by crystallization of arsenian pyrite during fluid/rock interactions and variation of fO2. The volcanic host rock has played an important role in gold concentration, as Py3 in this rock contains inclusion of gold particles, but gold is within the lattice of pyrite in phyllite or other units.
Changes at the nuclear lamina alter binding of pioneer factor Foxa2 in aged liver
Authors: Whitton Holly , Singh Larry N. , Patrick Marissa A. , Price Andrew J. , Osorio Fernando G. , López‐Otín Carlos , Bochkis Irina M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIncreasing evidence suggests that regulation of heterochromatin at the nuclear envelope underlies metabolic disease susceptibility and age‐dependent metabolic changes, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we profile lamina‐associated domains (LADs) using lamin B1 ChIP‐Seq in young and old hepatocytes and find that, although lamin B1 resides at a large fraction of domains at both ages, a third of lamin B1‐associated regions are bound exclusively at each age in vivo. Regions occupied by lamin B1 solely in young livers are enriched for the forkhead motif, bound by Foxa pioneer factors. We also show that Foxa2 binds more sites in Zmpste24 mutant mice, a progeroid laminopathy model, similar to increased Foxa2 occupancy in old livers. Aged and Zmpste24‐deficient livers share several features, including nuclear lamina abnormalities, increased Foxa2 binding, de‐repression of PPAR‐ and LXR‐dependent gene expression, and fatty liver. In old livers, additional Foxa2 binding is correlated to loss of lamin B1 and heterochromatin (H3K9me3 occupancy) at these loci. Our observations suggest that changes at the nuclear lamina are linked to altered Foxa2 binding, enabling opening of chromatin and de‐repression of genes encoding lipid synthesis and storage targets that contribute to etiology of hepatic steatosis.
A Randomized Trial of a Personalized Feedback Intervention for Nonstudent Emerging Adult At‐Risk Drinkers
Authors: Lau‐Barraco Cathy , Braitman Abby L. , Stamates Amy L. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundEmerging adulthood is a period of heightened vulnerability for problematic alcohol use. Considerable research has been devoted to reducing alcohol risks in college student populations, although far less effort has focused on their noncollege‐attending peers. Research targeting nonstudent emerging adults is critical as this group is at risk of experiencing alcohol‐related harms. Consequently, the main objective of the present randomized study was to examine the preliminary efficacy of a brief personalized feedback intervention (PFI) tailored for nonstudent at‐risk drinkers. We also examined the influence of gender on intervention outcomes. Finally, we explored participant acceptability of the intervention.MethodsParticipants were 164 (65.9% men) emerging adults (M age = 21.98, SD = 2.02) recruited from the community. They were randomly assigned to either a 50‐minute, in‐person PFI or an assessment‐only control group and were assessed over 9 months postintervention.ResultsResults showed that for short‐term change (1 month), the PFI condition reduced drinking significantly more than controls. For longer‐term change (1 to 9 months), both conditions continued to show gradual decline in consumption. The groups did not differ in alcohol‐related problems, and the intervention was equally effective for both women and men. Regarding acceptability, participants were extremely satisfied with the intervention, perceived the information to be personally relevant, and thought it provided them a new way of looking at their own drinking.ConclusionsOverall, the present research advanced knowledge regarding an understudied and at‐risk group of drinkers. This is among one of the first randomized studies to evaluate a brief intervention tailored to the needs of nonstudent emerging adults based on prior formative research with this group. Our data support PFI as a promising intervention approach for nonstudent drinkers in the community. Ultimately, this line of research aims to reduce alcohol‐related health disparities associated with inequities in education.
Trabecular and subchondral bone development of the talus and distal tibia from foal to adult in the warmblood horse
Authors: Gorissen B. M. C. , Wolschrijn C. F. , van Rietbergen B. , Rieppo L. , Saarakkala S. , van Weeren P. R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryHorses are precocial animals and able to stand and walk within hours after birth. To cope with associated loading, intrauterine bone development has shown to be anticipative. This study provides further insight into the post‐natal development of structurally important features of trabecular and subchondral bone of the talus and sagittal ridge of the tibia of warm‐blooded horses. In all areas studied, the average bone volume fraction showed a gradual increase over time, which was the result of a significant increase in trabecular thickness, without significant changes in the degree of anisotropy. Similar to the mineralised part of the bone, collagen content, measured as average retardation using polarised light microscopy, increased significantly, but the degree of anisotropy of the collagen type I network did not. At birth, the subchondral bone layer had a more trabecular aspect, gradually changing to an even surface with only a few vascular canals at an age of 2 months. Presented results indicate the necessity for a stronger structure, but not for a different structural design after birth, providing further evidence for anticipatory bone development in the horse. More knowledge about the strategies used to cope with mechanical loading after birth might be helpful in understanding the developmental bone and joint diseases.
Prognostic value of T‐wave morphology parameters in coronary artery disease in current treatment era
Authors: Pirkola Joni M. , Konttinen Maija , Kenttä Tuomas V. , Holmström Lauri T. A. , Junttila M. Juhani , Ukkola Olavi H. , Huikuri Heikki V. , Perkiömäki Juha S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe prognostic value of T‐wave morphology parameters in coronary artery disease in the current treatment era is not well established.MethodsThe Innovation to reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes at the Intersection (ARTEMIS) study included 1,946 patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD). The study patients underwent thorough examinations including 12‐lead digital electrocardiogram (ECG) at baseline.ResultsDuring a follow‐up period of 73 ± 22 months, a total of 201 (10.3%) patients died. Of the study patients, 95 (4.9%) experienced cardiac death (CD) consisting of 44 (2.3%) sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) and 51 (2.6%) nonsudden cardiac deaths (NSCD), and 106 (5.4%) patients experienced noncardiac death (NCD). T‐wave morphology dispersion (TMD), T‐wave area dispersion (TWAD), and total cosine R‐to‐T (TCRT) had a significant association with CD even after adjustment with relevant clinical risk markers in the Cox regression analysis (multivariate HRs: 1.015, 95% CI 1.007–1.023, p = .0003; 0.474, 95% CI 0.305–0.737, p = .0009; 0.598, 95% CI 0.412–0.866, p = .006, respectively). When including these parameters to the clinical risk model for CD, the C‐index increased from 0.810 to 0.823 improving the discrimination significantly (integrated discrimination index [IDI] = 0.0118, 95% CI 0.0028–0.0208, p = .01). These parameters were more closely associated with NSCD (multivariate p‐values from .016 to .001) than with SCD (univariate/multivariate p‐values for TMD .015/.197 and for TCRT .012/.43).ConclusionT‐wave morphology parameters describing repolarization heterogeneity improve the predictive power of the clinical risk model for CD in patients with CAD in the current treatment era.
Combining Rome III criteria with alarm symptoms provides high specificity but low sensitivity for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children
Authors: Uusijärvi Agneta , Olén Ola , Malmborg Petter , Eriksson Martina , Grimheden Peter , Arnell Henrik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to validate the Rome III criteria and alarm symptoms with regard to their ability to discriminate between organic and functional diagnoses in children with gastrointestinal complaints.MethodsWe recruited 258 children aged four years to 17 years who consulted a paediatrician in secondary or tertiary care in Stockholm from January 2013 to May 2014 due to gastrointestinal complaints. A symptom questionnaire based on the official Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome III, including questions on alarm symptoms, was used. A diagnostic review of their medical records was also carried out.ResultsThe reference diagnoses were organic (16%), pain‐predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders (54%) and other functional diseases (30%). When the reported symptoms that fulfilled the Rome III criteria for pain‐predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders were combined with an absence of alarm symptoms, they had a high specificity (0.90) for a functional diagnosis, but a low sensitivity (0.15). Alarm symptoms were equally common in patients with organic (83%) and functional diseases (80%, p = 0.66).ConclusionsCombining the Rome III criteria and an absence of alarm symptoms from patient questionnaires had high specificity but low sensitivity when diagnosing pain‐predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders in children seeking medical care for gastrointestinal complaints.
rpoBgene mutations amongMycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from extrapulmonary sites
Authors: Khosravi Azar Dokht , Meghdadi Hossein , Ghadiri Ata A. , Alami Ameneh , Sina Amir Hossein , Mirsaeidi Mehdi 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze mutations occurring in therpoBgene ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) isolates from clinical samples of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Seventy formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples and fresh tissue samples from confirmed EPTB cases were analyzed. Nested PCR based on therpoBgene was performed on the extracted DNAs, combined with cloning and subsequent sequencing. Sixty‐seven (95.7%) samples were positive for nester PCR. Sequence analysis of the 81 bp region of therpoBgene demonstrated mutations in 41 (61.2%) of 67 sequenced samples. Several point mutations including deletion mutations at codons 510, 512, 513 and 515, with 45% and 51% of the mutations in codons 512 and 513 respectively were seen, along with 26% replacement mutations at codons 509, 513, 514, 518, 520, 524 and 531. The most common alteration was Gln → His, at codon 513, presented in 30 (75.6%) isolates. This study demonstrated sequence alterations in codon 513 of the 81 bp region of therpoBgene as the most common mutation occurred in 75.6% of molecularly confirmed rifampin‐resistant strains. In addition, simultaneous mutation at codons 512 and 513 was demonstrated in 34.3% of the isolates.
Tying modified clinch knots during single‐incision laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Fujioka Shuichi , Misawa Takeyuki , Kitamura Hiroaki , Kumagai Yu , Akiba Tadashi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecent advances in single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) have caused increased difficulties when tying knots because of the limited working space. Although extracorporeal knot‐tying techniques may be a practical alternative choice in SILS, it is not always appropriate. For example, sliding resistance may be encountered when tying knots for a Z‐shaped suture, and it could damage the sutured tissue.Materials and Surgical TechniqueThe clinch knot is a kind of slipknot that has been historically used by fishermen. We modified it for SILS so that it has a locking mechanism caused by knot deformation. We apply pre‐tied modified clinch (MC) knots in the peritoneal cavity with a needle driver. After the suture, the needle is pulled through the knot and exits out the trocar. After the MC knot has been tightened, locking is achieved by pulling the other end of the axial thread and folding the thread in an acute angle. Because both ends of the suture thread leave the trocar together, every step can be carried out quickly through a single trocar. The MC knot can also be used to tie knots for Z‐shaped sutures because of its short sliding distance. Twelve simple interrupted sutures and 55 Z‐shaped sutures were tied by MC knot in SILS. All knots were successfully tied, and the mean required time to tie a knot was 27 s.DiscussionThe MC knot is feasible knot‐tying procedure especially for a Z‐shaped suture during SILS.
Antinociceptive effect of two novel transient receptor potential melastatin 8 antagonists in acute and chronic pain models in rat
Authors: De Caro Carmen , Russo Roberto , Avagliano Carmen , Cristiano Claudia , Calignano Antonio , Aramini Andrea , Bianchini Gianluca , Allegretti Marcello , Brandolini Laura 
Published: February 2018

Background and PurposeTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of non‐selective cation permeable channels involved in peripheral sensory signalling. Animal studies have shown that several TRPs are important players in pain modulation. Among them, the TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) has elicited more interest for its controversial role in nociception. This channel, expressed by a subpopulation of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia (TG), is activated by cold temperatures and cooling agents. In experimental neuropathic pain models, an up‐regulation of this receptor in DRG and TG has been observed, suggesting a key role for TRPM8 in the development and maintenance of pain. Consistent with this hypothesis, TRPM8 knockout mice are less responsive to pain stimuli.Experimental ApproachIn this study, the therapeutic potential and efficacy of two novel TRPM8 antagonists, DFL23693 and DFL23448, were tested.Key ResultsTwo potent and selective TRPM8 antagonists with distinct pharmacokinetic profiles, DFL23693 and DFL23448, have been fully characterized in vitro. In vivo studies in well‐established models, namely, the wet‐dog shaking test and changes in body temperature, confirmed their ability to block the TRPM8 channel. Finally, TRPM8 blockage resulted in a significant antinociceptive effect in formalin‐induced orofacial pain and in chronic constriction injury‐induced neuropathic pain, confirming an important role for this channel in pain perception.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings, in agreement with previous literature, encourage further studies for a better comprehension of the therapeutic potential of TRPM8 blockers as novel agents for pain management.
Eicosanoids in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Wallace John L 
Published: February 2018

Eicosanoids play important roles in modulating inflammation throughout the body. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in part because of its intimate relationship with the gut microbiota, is in a constant state of low‐grade inflammation. Eicosanoids like PGs, lipoxins and leukotrienes play essential roles in maintenance of mucosal integrity. On the other hand, in some circumstances, these mediators can become major drivers of inflammatory processes when the lining of the GI tract is breached. Drugs such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, by altering the production of various eicosanoids, can dramatically impact the ability of the GI tract to respond appropriately to injury. Disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease appear to be driven in part by altered production of eicosanoids. Several classes of drugs have been developed that target eicosanoids.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc
A two‐state model for the kinetics of competitive radioligand binding
Authors: Guo Dong , Peletier Lambertus A , Bridge Lloyd , Keur Wesley , de Vries Henk , Zweemer Annelien , Heitman Laura H , IJzerman Adriaan P 
Published: February 2018

Background and PurposeLigand–receptor binding kinetics is receiving increasing attention in the drug research community. The Motulsky and Mahan model, a one‐state model, offers a method for measuring the binding kinetics of an unlabelled ligand, with the assumption that the labelled ligand has no preference while binding to distinct states or conformations of a drug target. As such, the one‐state model is not applicable if the radioligand displays biphasic binding kinetics to the receptor.Experimental ApproachWe extended the Motulsky and Mahan model to a two‐state model, in which the kinetics of the unlabelled competitor binding to different receptor states (R1 and R2) can be measured. With this extended model, we determined the binding kinetics of unlabelled N‐5′‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a representative agonist for the adenosine A1 receptor. Subsequently, an application of the model was exemplified by measuring the binding kinetics of other A1 receptor ligands. In addition, limitations of the model were investigated as well.Key ResultsThe kinetic rate constants of unlabelled NECA were comparable with the results of kinetic radioligand binding assays in which [3H]‐NECA was used. The model was further validated by good correlation between simulated results and the experimental data.ConclusionThe two‐state model is sufficient to analyse the binding kinetics of an unlabelled ligand, when a radioligand shows biphasic association characteristics. We expect this two‐state model to have general applicability for other targets as well.