bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanadium‐Doped Heterointerfaced Ni3N‐MoOx Nanosheets with Optimized H and H2O Adsorption for Effective Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ren Jin‐Tao , Yang Dandan , Chen Lei , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNickel (Ni)‐based materials represent a compelling avenue as platinum alternatives in the realm of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. However, conventional nickel nitrides (Ni3N) have long been hindered by sluggish hydrogen evolution kinetics in alkaline environments, owing to inadequate adsorption strengths of both hydrogen and water molecules. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the design of vanadium (V)‐doped Ni3N/MoOx heterogeneous nanosheets (V‐Ni3N@MoOx), engineered to achieve optimized adsorption strengths for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR). Theoretical insights underscore the superior catalytic performance of this composite, attributed to a synergistic interplay between unique V doping and the heterointerfaced structure. This synergistic effect not only fine‐tunes the electronic structure, establishing an optimal d band center to mitigate proton over‐bonding, but also ameliorates the energy barrier through enhanced H2O dissociation capability. Consequently, V‐Ni3N@MoOx manifests remarkable catalytic activities, evincing an overpotential of 56 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and an exchange current density of 1.91 mA cm−2 for HOR in alkaline media. Notably, the stability assessment reveals the enduring performance of V‐Ni3N@MoOx for HER/HOR, exhibiting no activity decay over extended operational durations. This study underscores the efficacy of heterogeneous interface modulation as a transformative strategy in designing Ni‐based materials for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.
Fe2O3 Nanoflakes ‐ WS2 Nanosheets Heterojunctions for Multi‐Fold Enhancement in Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Behera Govinda Chandra , Biswal Bubunu , Bidika Jatin Kumar , Nanda Birabar Ranjit Kumar , Alwarappan Subbiah , Rath Jatindra K , Roy Somnath C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFe2O3‐based photoanodes show great potential in photoelectrochemical water splitting due to their excellent stability, moderate band gap, and abundance. However, a short hole diffusion length limits its photocurrent density. Here, a multi‐fold enhancement in photocurrent density from Fe2O3 nanoflakes – WS2 nanosheets heterojunction is reported. The heterojunction exhibits a synergistic photocurrent density of 0.52 mA cm−2 at 1.3 V (versus RHE) under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight, which is 2.23 times higher than pristine Fe2O3 nanoflakes. The Mott–Schottky and Nyquist plots indicate a higher charge density with lower charge transfer resistance at the semiconductor‐electrolyte junction. The density functional theory (DFT) ‐based first‐principles calculations are performed by designing a heterostructure between Fe2O3(110) and WS2(001) similar to the experimentally found arrangement of crystal planes. Free energy analysis and relative band extrema positions, obtained from DFT calculations and valence band spectroscopy, indicate the formation of type II heterojunction with partial oxygen terminated surface of Fe2O3. The type‐II band alignment with a charge transfer of 4.8 × 10−4 e per interfacial WS2 to Fe2O3, helps in easy separation of photogenerated charges. The work establishes both an experimental design and a theoretical framework of highly crystalline nanoflakes‐nanosheet heterojunctions for efficient photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion.
Robust Plasma‐Assisted Growth of 2D Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Their Enhanced Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Zhu Qing , Chen Enzi , Fan Kezhou , Tang Junhao , Zhan Runze , Wong Kam Sing , Chen Zefeng , Wan Xi , Chen Kun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractJanus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a novel class of 2D materials with unique mirror asymmetry. Plasma‐assisted synthesis at room temperature is favored for producing Janus TMDs due to its energy efficiency and prevention of alloying. However, current methods require stringent control over growth conditions, risking defects or unintended materials. A robust plasma‐assisted (RPA) synthesis strategy is introduced, incorporating a built‐in tube with a suitable inner diameter into the plasma‐assisted system. This innovation creates a mild, uniform plasma atmosphere, allowing for broader variations in growth parameters without significantly affecting Janus MoSSe's morphology and characteristics. This approach simplifies the synthesis process and enhances the success rate of Janus TMD production. Additionally, methods are explored to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of Janus MoSSe. Releasing MoSSe from the growth substrate and annealing it removes strain and unintentional doping, improving PL performance. MoSSe on hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) flakes after annealing shows a 32‐fold increase in PL intensity. Bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFSI) treatment of MoSSe results in a remarkable 70‐fold increase in PL intensity, a 2.5‐fold extension in exciton lifetime, and quantum yield (QY) reaching up to ≈31.2%. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the luminescence properties of 2D Janus materials, advancing Janus optoelectronics.
Pragmatic ontology—Enhancing the philosophical foundation of critical systems thinking/practice
Authors: Zhu Zhichang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA sound theoretical foundation for multimethodology should be consistent across the main branches of philosophy: ontological heterogeneity, epistemological plurality and methodological multiplicity. In this light, I posit that (1) Jackson's recent embracement of pragmatism lacks a critical element: a well‐formulated ontology; (2) to overcome this shortcoming, it is necessary to bring ontology back into critical systems thinking/practice; and (3) such an urgent task has further to overcome the current indifference in systems thinking toward ontology. I shall draw intellectual insights from Quine's ‘ontological commitment’, Habermas's ‘ontological presupposition’, Xu Changfu's ‘theory of heterogeneity’, Husserl's ‘ontology layers’, Gadamer's hermeneutic notions ‘prejudice’ and ‘tradition’, as well as ‘ontology building’ practice across the natural and social sciences. I shall also use a multimethodology approach wuli–shili–renli (WSR) as an example to illustrate the working and evolving of pragmatic ontology.
Significant challenges facing small institutions in America
Authors: Robertson Jason , Johnson R. Bradley , McGhee James 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe landscape of higher education in the United States currently comprises 5918 institutions serving approximately 18.1 million students. Among them, 1833 are small institutions with full‐time equivalent enrollments of 3000 or less. In this article, the authors examine financial and enrollment challenges facing small institutions and the potential impact of these challenges.
Introduction
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDomesticated from wild lianas growing in trees, grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) has been cultivated for over 11,000 years. From its original habitat to its establishment in the steeply sloping regions of Europe to create picturesque landscapes and terraces, to the methodically aligned rows of modern industrial vineyards, the vine has passed through several stages of natural or human-influenced co-evolution. Growers have gradually dispersed grapevine from its genetic centre in the Caucasus and Western Asia throughout Europe and to the rest of the world. Documentation on vine cultivation before the eighteenth century is sparse, particularly regarding diseases and pests which were increasingly discovered through microscopic observation and better understood as they became ubiquitous and increasingly destructive. The European phylloxera crisis at the end of the nineteenth century had disastrous economic consequences and led to radical changes in vine growing. Generations of researchers worked diligently to discover, understand and defeat fungi. Even with regular applications of effective fungicides, pathogen control remains a challenge in all the world’s vine-growing areas. Depending on weather conditions, both Vitis species that are highly susceptible (V. vinifera) and partially resistant (Vitis spp) contend with fungal diseases. The science of fungi in grapevine focuses on the complexity of this group of pathogens, their interactions with the host plant, the structure and anatomy of the grapevine, the plant’s defence mechanisms and resistance genes, the role of fungicides and alternative plant protection products, and the importance of spraying technologies for disease management.
Kritische Bestandsaufnahme zum State-of-the-Art des Untersuchungsgegenstandes
Authors: Massimiani Andrea 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Hauptziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, relevante Veröffentlichungen für die vorliegende Arbeit zu sammeln und zu interpretieren. Die daraus erhaltenen und überprüften Erkenntnisse liefern auf der einen Seite einen Beitrag zum Theoriebildungsprozess, der dazu führt, in Abschnitt 4.2 und 4.3 die Forschungslücke sowie die Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes zu begründen, und darauf aufbauend auf der anderen Seite den konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen im fünften Kapitel zu entwickeln.
Asymptotics of Solutions to Silent Wave Equations
Authors: Franco Grisales Andrés 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the asymptotics of solutions to a particular class of systems of linear wave equations, namely, of silent equations. Here, the asymptotics refer to the behavior of the solutions near a cosmological singularity, or near infinity in the expanding direction. Leading-order asymptotics for solutions of silent equations were already obtained by Ringström (Astérisque 420, 2020). Here, we improve upon Ringström’s result, by obtaining asymptotic estimates of all orders for the solutions, and showing that solutions are uniquely determined by the asymptotic data contained in the estimates. As an application, we then study solutions to the source free Maxwell’s equations in Kasner spacetimes near the initial singularity. Our results allow us to obtain an asymptotic expansion for the potential of the electromagnetic field, and to show that the energy density of generic solutions blows up along generic timelike geodesics when approaching the singularity. The asymptotics we study correspond to the heuristics of the BKL conjecture, where the coefficients of the spatial derivative terms of the equations are expected to be small, and thus these terms are neglected in order to obtain the asymptotics.
Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case–control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study
Authors: Edstorp Jessica , Rossides Marios , Ahlqvist Emma , Alfredsson Lars , Askling Johan , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Grill Valdemar , Sorgjerd Elin P. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Some studies find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children exposed to antibiotics. We investigated if exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We used data from a Swedish case–control study (Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes [ESTRID]: LADA, n=597; type 2 diabetes, n=2065; control participants matched on participation time, n=2386) and a case–control study nested within the Norwegian Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) (n=82/1279/2050). Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes indicating antibiotic dispensations were retrieved from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and Norwegian Prescription Database. Multivariable adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were estimated by conditional logistic regression and pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting.

Results
We observed no increased risk of LADA with exposure to antibiotics up to 1 year (ORpooled 1.15, 95% CI 0.93, 1.41) or 1–5 years (ORpooled 0.98, 95% CI 0.80, 1.20) prior to diagnosis/matching for one or more vs no dispensation of any type of antibiotic. An increased risk was observed for one or more vs no dispensations of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, but not broad-spectrum antibiotics, 6–10 years prior to LADA diagnosis (ORpooled 1.39, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91), which was driven by the Swedish data. There was little evidence of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with antibiotic exposure 1–10 years prior to diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation
We found no evidence that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics up to 10 years prior to diagnosis increases the risk of LADA. There was some indication of increased LADA risk with exposure to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which warrants further investigation.

Graphical Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Santoso Cornelia , Wei Yuxia , Ahlqvist Emma , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of autoimmune disease (AD) comorbidity on the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Methods
We used data from a Swedish study comprising newly diagnosed cases of LADA (n=586, stratified into LADAlow and LADAhigh by autoantibody levels), type 2 diabetes (n=2003) and matched control participants (n=2355). Information on 33 ADs and diabetic retinopathy was obtained by linkage to regional and national registers. We estimated the ORs for LADA and type 2 diabetes in relation to ADs before diabetes diagnosis, and the HRs for diabetic retinopathy after diabetes diagnosis. We performed functional pathway analyses to explore biological mechanisms driving the associations.

Results
Individuals with ADs exhibit an increased susceptibility to LADA (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.36, 2.13), particularly those with thyroid dysfunction (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.38, 2.56), inflammatory bowel disease (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.00, 3.16) or vitiligo (OR 3.91; 95% CI 1.93, 7.94), with stronger associations being observed for the LADAhigh phenotype. Only psoriasis was linked to type 2 diabetes (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.08, 1.99). The biological pathways shared by LADA and ADs revolved around immune responses, including innate and adaptive immune pathways. The HRs for diabetic retinopathy in LADA patients with and without AD vs those with type 2 diabetes were 2.11 (95% CI 1.34, 3.32) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.15, 2.45), respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation
We confirm that several common ADs confer an excess risk of LADA, especially LADA with higher GADA levels, but having such a comorbidity does not appear to affect the risk of diabetic retinopathy.

Graphical Abstract
Sparsified simultaneous confidence intervals for high-dimensional linear models
Authors: Zhu Xiaorui , Qin Yichen , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStatistical inference of the high-dimensional regression coefficients is challenging because the uncertainty introduced by the model selection procedure is hard to account for. Currently, the inference of the model and the inference of the coefficients are separately sought. A critical question remains unsettled; that is, is it possible to embed the inference of the model into the simultaneous inference of the coefficients? If so, then how to properly design a simultaneous inference tool with desired properties? To this end, we propose a notion of simultaneous confidence intervals called the sparsified simultaneous confidence intervals (SSCI). Our intervals are sparse in the sense that some of the intervals’ upper and lower bounds are shrunken to zero (i.e., [0, 0]), indicating the unimportance of the corresponding covariates. These covariates should be excluded from the final model. The rest of the intervals, either containing zero (e.g.,$$[-1,1]$$[-1,1]or [0, 1]) or not containing zero (e.g., [2, 3]), indicate the plausible and significant covariates, respectively. The SSCI intuitively suggests a lower-bound model with significant covariates only and an upper-bound model with plausible and significant covariates. The proposed method can be coupled with various selection procedures, making it ideal for comparing their uncertainty. For the proposed method, we establish desirable asymptotic properties, develop intuitive graphical tools for visualization, and justify its superior performance through simulation and real data analysis.
Gately values of cooperative games
Authors: Gilles Robert P. , Mallozzi Lina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate Gately’s solution concept for cooperative games with transferable utilities. Gately’s conception introduced a bargaining solution that minimises the maximal quantified “propensity to disrupt” the negotiation process of the players over the allocation of the generated collective payoffs. We show that Gately’s solution concept is well-defined for a broad class of games and that it can be interpreted as a compromise solution. We also consider a generalisation based on a parameter-based quantification of the propensity to disrupt. We provide an axiomatic characterisation of the original Gately value as well as these generalised Gately values. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship of these Gately values with the Core and the Nucleolus and show that Gately’s solution is in the Core for all regular 3-player games, but is fundamentally different from the Nucleolus. We identify exact conditions under which these Gately values are Core imputations for arbitrary regular cooperative games. Finally, we investigate the relationship of the Gately value with the Shapley value.
Differential responses in recovery, growth and survival between intertidal and subtidal corals after acute thermal stress
Authors: Almeida L. P. , Osinga R. , Knoester E. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSea temperature increases may compromise ecological restoration as a tool for recovering degraded coral reefs. A potential solution may lay within using corals with naturally higher thermal resilience, such as intertidal corals. This study aimed at comparing thermal resilience, growth and survival between intertidal and subtidal corals in a reciprocal transplant experiment. Sixty coral nurseries were installed in a shallow coral reef area in Kenya: half were placed in the intertidal zone and half in the subtidal zone. At both zones, intertidal and subtidal Pocillopora cf. damicornis coral fragments were cultured in equal proportions, resulting in 15 replicate nurseries for four treatments. After an initial culture phase of 1 month in situ, six nurseries per treatment were thermally stressed ex situ by exposing corals for 5 days to a temperature of 32 °C (3 °C above summer maximum), after which they were returned in situ to recover. Fragment brightness was measured as the response variable to thermal stress. Intertidal and subtidal corals increased brightness (i.e., bleached) at a similar rate, but during recovery intertidal corals returned quicker to their original brightness in both culture environments. Coral growth was highest for intertidal corals in the intertidal zone during cooler months and was highest for subtidal corals in the subtidal zone during peak temperatures. Intertidal corals transplanted to the subtidal zone registered the lowest survival. Thus, intertidal corals display higher thermal resilience through quicker recovery, but potential trade-offs require further investigation before these corals can be used as a climate-proof broodstock for reef restoration.
Neonatal Brain MRI: Periventricular Germinal Matrix Mimicking Hypoxic-ischemic White Matter Injuries
Authors: Segev Maria , Sobeh Tamer , Hadi Efrat , Hoffmann Chen , Shrot Shai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
As pregnancy progresses, the germinal matrix volume decreases. Residual periventricular germinal matrix may be mistaken for hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. This study aims to determine the prevalence and imaging characteristics of these findings.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed brain MRIs of newborns from 2012–2023, performed within the first week of life. MRIs were done for suspected hypoxic-ischemic injuries, post-natal neurological symptoms, and evaluation of prenatally diagnosed structural anomalies. Image analysis targeted the remnants of the frontal periventricular germinal matrix, assessing its imaging characteristics, including diffusion, T1, and T2 signal characteristics, and laterality. Frontal migrating cell bands were also assessed.

Results
Seventy newborns were included (mean gestational age at delivery was 38.3 ± 2.1 weeks, mean scan age 5.1 ± 1.9 days). Frontal periventricular gray matter was detected in 39 newborns (90% bilateral) on T2-weighted images, negatively correlated with gestational age (r = -0.31, p = 0.013); none showed decreased ADC or shortened T1 signal compared with the basal ganglia. Frontal periventricular bands were found in 37 newborns (97.3% bilateral), strongly correlating with periventricular gray matter (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between clinical hypoxic-ischemic injuries and these features.

Conclusion
The presence of frontal periventricular gray matter observed in early neonatal MRIs, without decreased ADC values or shortened T1 signal, is developmental, reflecting a late maturation phase. Careful interpretation of MRI characteristics, including diffusion, T1, and T2 signal intensities, is necessary before attributing these findings to hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury.
Temporal development of subdural collections in infants with confessed abusive head trauma: a forensic neuroimaging study
Authors: Hahnemann Maria , Karger Bernd , Radbruch Alexander , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Wittschieber Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Estimating the age of injury in pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) is a challenging task but potentially valuable for the identification of perpetrators. The aims of the study are (1) to describe the temporal development of different imaging features of subdural collections (SDCs), and (2) to provide novel age-diagnostic reference data for forensic-radiological expert reports.

Methods
Using a multi-center approach and a 10-year study period, serial neuroimaging studies of 13 comprehensively investigated AHT cases (8 CT and 26 MRI scans) were analyzed regarding several subdural imaging parameters (SDC appearances, entities, components, and associated findings). Due to confessions by perpetrators, the time points of the trauma were presumed unique and known in all cases facilitating correlation of imaging findings with time.

Results
Hyperdense SDCs in CT were found up to 9 d post-injury (p.i.), CSF-like SDCs in CT or MRI as early as from the 3rd hour p.i., and subdural membrane formation as late as from day 283. The heterogeneous variant of the subdural hematohygroma was observed to be the dominant SDC entity between 3 h and 22 d p.i. The tadpole sign was detected in MRI between 3 h and 46 d p.i.

Conclusion
Certain subdural imaging findings may be helpful for estimating the age of injury in AHT. Subdural membrane formation is demonstrated to be a late finding and the tadpole sign is an early phenomenon p.i. The data corroborated that the sediment but not the supernatant has the potential for being valuable for age-diagnostic aspects.

Key Points
QuestionReliable evidence-based data on the development of SDCs is sparse but required for expert opinions on pediatric AHT.
FindingsReference data on the evolution of the imaging appearance of SDCs and associated phenomena in confirmed cases of AHT are provided.
Clinical relevanceAs there is a great need for estimating the age of injury in criminal and civil proceedings, many clinical radiologists are confronted with the diagnostic and forensic aspects of AHT that are addressed in the present study.