bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Factor Activity of Cultured Macrophages. Enhancement by Specific Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Beguin S. , Goutner A. , Josso F. 
Published: June 2019

Peritoneal macrophage suspensions (95 p. cent pure) were obtained in rabbits either intact or previously immunized against human serum. Cell suspensions exhibited a clear tissue factor activity, closely related to the cell concentration.Macrophages (10000/mm3) were cultured in the presence of PO4)2 Ca3 adsorbed and decomplemented serum of either rabbit or human origin. Clotting activity of the supernatant medium was tested after 24 hour culture. In immunized animals, tissue factor activity was much higher when the cells were cultured in the presence of the antigens (human serum) instead of rabbit serum; no difference was observed in intact rabbits.Contamination of the cell suspensions by lymphocytes seems too low to play a role in this stimulation of macrophage activity. The reported data suggest that antibodies bound to macrophage membrane react with the medium antigens with subsequent increase of the cell activity.Such a phenomenon could initiate the activation of the clotting system observed in some immune reactions.
Radioiodinated Human Fibrinogen. In Vitro Effects of Increasing Iodination
Authors: Ly B. E. , Kierulf P. 
Published: June 2019

Fibrinogen preparations with increasing contents of iodine, ranging from 0.2 to 20 atoms of iodine per molecule fibrinogen, were obtained with the ICl method. Aggregation and shortening of the thrombin clotting time occurred when the content of iodine exceeded 3 atoms per molecule.Upon the action of thrombin, the increase in N-terminal glycine, reflecting fibrin formation, was almost identical in native and iodinated fibrinogen. At visible gelation, however, decreased amounts of N-terminal glycine were found in heavily iodinated fibrinogen, thus indicating enhanced fibrin polymerization. N-terminal analysis of heavily iodinated fibrinogen demonstrated a deficiency in N-terminal tyrosine concomitantly with the apparance of a new N-terminal amino acid, identified as mono-iodo-tyrosine.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9 revealed an increase in mobility following extensive iodination, but no shift in the isoelectric point was observed upon isofocusing.Neither clottability nor the behaviour of fibrinogen and its subunit polypeptide chains on SDS-gel electrophoresis was affected by iodination.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Experience in a Major Cancer Center
Authors: Al-Mondhiry Hamid 
Published: June 2019

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in 89 patients seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1971 and 1974. Criteria for the diagnosis of DIC wore: 1. Hypofibrinogenemia or > 50% reduction in plasma fibrinogen on serial determinations. 2. Prolonged thrombin time and/or elevated titer of fibrinogen-related material in the serum. 3. Thrombocytopenia not due to drugs or disease. Patients with severe liver disease or uremia were excluded. The patients included 19 with leukemia (17 acute), 3 with multiple myeloma, 15 with lymphoma, 46 with metastatic solid tumors (12 genitourinary, 10 lung, 9 breast, 8 gastrointestinal, 7 miscellaneous), 4 with vascular tumors, and 3 without tumor. Other conditions which might have precipitated or initiated DIC such as gramnegative sepsis (20 patients), mild liver impairment (31 patients), and mucin secreting tumors (4 patients), were also noted. Four patients with vascular tumors, two with leukemia, and one with vasculitis had markedly shortened fibrinogen survival. Bleeding occurred in 75% of the patients and was fatal in 36%. Thromboembolism occurred in 22.5%. Thirteen percent were asymptomatic. Treatment with heparin was helpful in only three of twenty patients. Eighty percent of the patients died within one to over 30 days of the onset of DIC. Post mortem evidence of DIC was present in 18 of 43 autopsies.Results of this study indicate that DIC is a frequent complication of a wide variety of tumors and that its occurrence causes morbidity and mortality in a significant number of patients. Treatment with heparin is of little help unless remission is induced and the precipitating factor(s) are reversed.
Dosage of i.v. Brinase in Man Based on Determination of the Brinase Inhibitor Capacity and Coagulation Studies
Authors: Frisch E. P. , Blombäck M. , Kiessling H. 
Published: June 2019

Brinase, a proteolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae, is in plasma inhibited by two endogenous inhibitors. In vitro addition of the enzyme to plasma lowers the brinase inhibitor capacity (BTC); the calculated regression lino was used to predict lowering of BIC resulting from i,v. infusion of orinase in man.A total of 355 i.v. brinase infusions (single doses of 50 200 mg) were given to 36 patients suffering from advanced peripheral arterial disease. Anticoagulant treatment (dicoumarolor heparin) was given concomitantly to 34/36 patients. BIC was determined by the azocollagen method before and after infusion of the enzyme. Good correlation was found between calculated lowering of BIC and determined post-infusion values. Individual dose requirements could be calculated and free proteolytic activity by depletion of inhibitors was avoided.Changes of α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulm induced by brinase infusion showed the same trends as those recorded for BIC; there was no quantitative correlation. Fibrinogen was lowered by infusion of the enzyme, subnormal values were determined at 4 occasions. There was a moderate increase of fibrinogen degradation products and thrombin time was prolonged. Positive ethanol gelation test following brinase infusion was a constant finding. Brinase induced slight lowering of Thrombotest values and prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time; dosage of anticoagulants was not influenced. Other coagulation tests showed insignificant changes only.In two patients, not on anticoagulants, with a. history of renal disease, transient renal failure occurred subsequent to brinase infusion. Laboratory data indicated intravascular coagulation as a possible cause. Bleeding complications were not observed.
Specificity of an Acquired Antiplatelet Antibody Occuring in a Polytransfused Thrombasthenic Patient
Authors: Levy-Toledano S. , Bredoux R. , Rendu F. , Tobelem G. , Degos L. , Caen J. P. 
Published: June 2019

An IgG antibody which developed in a polytransfused thrombasthenic patient reacted in complement fixation with platelets from 350 normal individuals but not with platelets from 8 other thrombasthenic patients. It agglutinates human platelets in PRP but not thrombasthenic platelets. This agglutination increased if the PRP was preincubated at 37°C or if the platelets were isolated before the addition of the antibody. Dog but not rabbit platelets are agglutinated by the patient plasma. Neither adenosine, nor PGE1 inhibit this agglutination which is slightly reduced by acetylsalicilic acid and disappears with EDTA and EGTA (3,8 mM).Its activity is reduced or abolished after incubation with control platelet membranes but not with those obtained fron) thrombasthenic or rabbit platelets.It does not inhibit the ADP-induced shape change of normal platelets, and it prevents all the ADP mediated platelet aggregations but, not those induced by bovine factor VIII and ristocetin.This antibody seemed to be directed against a molecule absent or structurally modified in thrombasthenic platelets which would be involved in platelet aggregation and more especially in ADP mediated platelet aggregation.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Himawan T. , Kho L. K. , Melani S. 
Published: June 2019

The most dreaded complications of dengue fever are haemorrhagic manifestations (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever) and shock (Dengue Shock Syndrome). We have the opportunity to carry out clinical and haematological studies on 68 selected cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occuring in DHF. Shock was encountered in the majority of the cases (70.6%), while haemorrhagic manifestations were observed in all the children. Other laboratory findings revealed the presence of anemia in 38.1%. hemo-concentration in 72.6% ; the W. B.C. varied between 1,600 and 39,400, thrombocytopenia 83.8%. Fragmented red cells were found in the periferal blood smear. Prolonged bleeding time 69.3%; prolonged clotting time 48.7%; prolonged prothrombine time 66.6%; prolonged partial thromboplastin time 56% ; fibrinogenopenia 80% and positive tourniquet test 85.7%.The management was directed to the improvement of the general condition with intravenous fluid replacement therapy, electrolytes, plasma expanders or blood. Heparin was administered to 36 children with severe DIC. The mortality rate was high (33.8%).
Sex Hormones and Phytomenadione Evidence for their Relationship in an Induced Coagulation Defect
Authors: Sanderson J. H. , Chart I. S. , Shingles C. 
Published: June 2019

Rats dosed with benzyl 3,5-dichloro-2,6-difluoro-2-pyridyl ether show a coagulation defect which is much more severe in males than females, and dose levels can be chosen at which males only are affected. The defect is produced by a lowering of Factors VII X and II.This sex differentiation can be abolished if male rats are castrated or if they are treated with oestrogens, and normal male rats can be protected by treatment with Phytomenadione.It is suggested that the use of this compound may provide a tool for understanding mechanisms of anti-coagulation.
Factor XI Deficiency, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) : Report of the First Case
Authors: Blatt P. M. , Yount W. J. , Roberts H. R. , Hadler N. M. , Utsinger P. D. , Korn J. H. 
Published: June 2019

A number of inborn errors have recently been associated with a diathesis for collagen vascular disorders. For example, hereditary deficiencies of Clr or C2 components of complement have been associated with certain features of SLE. We wish to record the syndrome of JRA with evolution to SLE associated with a familial deficiency of Factor XI (DTA). The propositus, a 26 year old Sephardic female, presented at age 4 with symmetrical destructive polyarthritis, fever and rash. Progressive renal disease began in her early teens, and she developed multiple diagnostic criteria for SLE beginning at age 25. Three maternal relatives manifest arthritis and two showed mild bleeding after surgery. Physical findings included a deforming arthritis and rash. Low levels of C3 and C4, high titers of antibody to native DNA, positive LE cell preparations and Clq precipitins were present. Skin biopsy showed deposits of IgG, IgM, Clq, C3 and C4 at the dermal-epidermal junction.Factor XI levels were 5 per cent in the propositus and mother, with normal levels in a sister. There was no evidence for a circulating anticoagulant and other clotting factors were normal.We believe the present case represents the first association of an inborn error in the clotting system (Factor XI deficiency) and collagen vascular disease with immune complex deposition.
Membrane Glycoproteins of Human and Rabbit Platelets: Studies In Vitro and after Circulation in Vivo
Authors: George J. N. , Lewis P. C. , Sears D. A. 
Published: June 2019

The initial events of hemostasis and thrombosis involve platelet contact interactions and may be mediated by surface glycoproteins. Human and rabbit platelets were labeled with 125I-diazotized diiodosulfanilic acid (I), which reacts covalently with proteins, and proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Only exposed membrane proteins were labeled because: 1) protein specific activity of membranes was 4-7 times that of whole platelets, 2) different proteins were labeled when I was reacted with isolated membranes, and 3) trypsin-hydrolysis of labeled intact platelets altered the radioactive peaks. Like Phillips (Biochem. 11, 4582, 72) and Nachman et al. (JBC 248, 2928, 73) we found that lactoperoxidase iodinated the 93,000 dalton glycoprotein (GP) of human platelets. In contrast, I labeled both the 93,000 and 118,000 dalton membrane GP of human platelets, and all 3 membrane GP of rabbit platelets.Rabbit platelets labeled simultaneously with I and 51Cr had identical density and therefore age distribution of the 2 labels. After infusion into rabbits, initial recovery of I was 23% of the Cr recovery. After 3 hrs, I disappearance was exponential and more rapid (T/2 = 17 hrs) than the linear Cr disappearance (T/2 = 30 hrs, p < .01). This was due to in vivo removal of I from circulating platelets since 1 did not elute more rapidly from platelets harvested after 3 hrs circulation and incubated in plasma at 37° (T/2 of I elution = 43 hrs, Cr = 33 hrs). Platelets harvested after 14-20 hrs circulation had the same distribution of I on the membrane GP as before circulation. We postulate that this symmetrical label loss indicates uniform loss of membrane GP, suggesting that platelets lose pieces of their plasma membrane during circulation. This could occur during contact interaction in the process of hemostasis.
Inhibition of Formation and “Protection” of the Factor X-Activator by Hirudin
Authors: Lechler E. 
Published: June 2019

The essential role of thrombin in the formation of the factor X-activator from F. IXa, F. VIII and phospholipids has been documented in the literature. We have sedimented an “active” factor X-activator by high speed centrifugation when the preparations of factors used in the formation of the factor X-activator were contaminated with traces of (pro-)thrombin. In the presence of hirudin only a weak factor X-activator activity could be sedimented.In “plasmas” from blood incubated with hirudin no gross changes of coagulation factors were observed after gel filtration (which removes hirudin). However, following kaolin contact activation of blood containing hirudin prothrombin and F. X peaks were no more detectable in gel filtration. It is suggested that 1. trace amounts of thrombin for the factor X-activator formation still have become available, and 2. the consumption of prothrombin and of factor X is due to the protection of the factor X-activator against thrombin by hirudin.
Retraction of Thrombin-Induced Fibrin by Rhabdomyosarcoma BA 1112 Cultured Cells
Authors: Donati M. B. , Dolfini E. , Cavenaghi A. , Morasen L. , Gaetano G. de 
Published: June 2019

The capacity to induce fibrin retraction has been considered a specific property of platelets until recently, when Niewiarowski et al. (Proc. Soc. Exp, Biol. Med. 140, 1199, 1972) observed fibrin retraction induced by human fibroblasts. As a part of a larger study on the interactions of cultured cells with fibrin, we have investigated the ability of the following cell lines to retract fibrin: KB (human oral epidermoid carcinoma); HeLa (human cervix carcinoma); Chang Liver (human, normal epithelium; Chang Conjunctiva (human normal epithelium); NCTC clone 929 (L) (fibroblasts from C3H/AN mice) and BA 1112 (rhabdomyosarcoma developed on WAG/Rji inbred rats). Cells were cultured in Eagle’s MEM, in Hank’s blanced salt solution plus 10% calf serum, removed from the flasks by trypsin treatment and resuspended at a concentration of 2 × 106/ml in Tyrode-albumin solution, containing Ca++ and Mg++. Human citrated platelet-poor plasma was clotted in a test tube at 37° C by thrombin in the presence of either the cell suspensions or buffer. Only BA 1112 cells were able to retract fibrin; the presence of Ca++, cellular integrity and random distribution in the sample were required for this activity. BA 1112 cells were able to modify the structuration of thrombin-induced fibrin as indicated by the marked increase of the maximal amplitude of thrombelastogram. BA 1112-induced fibrin retraction was inhibited by PGE1 and by some pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives, not by apsirin. No retraction occurred when reptilase instead of thrombin was used as the clotting agent, even if the cells were preincubated with ADP. These results suggest that BA 1112 cells have a susceptibility to thrombin similar to that of platelets; this hypothesis is interesting in view of the muscular origin of these cells.(Supported by Grant NIH-PHRB-10RO1 CA 12764–01.)
The Puzzle of Immunologic Reactivity to Factor VIII in Haemophilia A.
Authors: Frommel D. , Gaillandre A. , Meunier L. , Allain J. P. 
Published: June 2019

Factor VIII neutralizing antibodies occur in 6–21% of transfused haemophiliacs A. Two types of specific immune response can be observed. In high responding patients, anti-factor VIII antibodies develop after relatively short exposure to the antigen, and anamnestic responses are characterized by antibodies of high affinity and titer. In low responding haemophiliacs, occurrence of anti-factor VIII antibodies is delayed and secondary response is either inconstant or requires strong antigenic challenge. Both types of immune response can be observed in kindreds. Low responsiveness to human factor VIII can switch to high responsiveness as a result of stimulation with heterologous factor VIII.In experimental situations, it has been found that immunologic reactivity to weak native isologous antigens is dose-dependent and shows extreme variations from one individual to another. The state of high, low or non responder is, in many instances, controlled by well defined genetic mechanisms. Considering possible analogies between immune response to factor VIII in man and specific responses controlled by Ir genes in animal, it seems useful to determine whether or not the capacity of immune response to factor VIII is linked to loci coding for HL-A specificities or is expressed on other cellular receptors amenable to analysis.
Adaptive control and brain plasticity
Authors: Beatty-Martínez Anne L. , Dussias Paola E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A central question in cognitive neuroscience concerns how individuals’ cognitive abilities are shaped by learning from experience. This paper presents a critical overview of the discoveries that have emerged from the study of bilingualism, and the implications that they hold for language, cognition, and the brain. In particular, we review the range of cognitive control processes that appear to be influenced by bilingualism and the theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to account for the differences between bilinguals and monolinguals as well as among bilinguals themselves. We discuss current research directions on the consequences of bilingualism, and report emerging findings on the role of bilingual experience in the adaptation of the bilingual language system.
Predicting executive functions in bilinguals using ecologically valid measures of code-switching behavior
Authors: Hofweber Julia , Marinis Theodoros , Treffers-Daller Jeanine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the factors claimed to impact executive functions in bilinguals is code-switching. New insights into how exactly code-switching affects executive functions can be obtained if attention is paid to the kind of code-switching bilinguals engage in, and not just the frequency of code-switching. This raises the question of how code-switching habits can be assessed in experimental research. This study presents two ecologically valid, yet efficient, methods of assessing code-switching habits: a frequency judgment task based on authentic stimuli, and a bilingual email production task. The two tasks converged in revealing differences in dense code-switching in two groups of German-English bilinguals. Moreover, the frequency judgment task predicted code-switching frequency in the ecologically more valid email production task. Importantly, both tasks revealed code-switching patterns that explained group differences observed in executive performance. The bilinguals engaging in frequent dense code-switching excelled at the aspect of executive functions (conflict monitoring) predicted to be related to code-switching based on existing processing models. Hence, both methods are recommended for use as code-switching measurements in bilingualism research.
Research on individual differences in executive functions
Authors: Friedman Naomi P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Executive functions (EFs), such as response inhibition, interference control, and set shifting, are general-purpose control mechanisms that enable individuals to regulate their thoughts and behaviors. Because bilingual individuals use EF-like processes during language control, researchers have become interested in the hypothesis that this use might train EFs, resulting in better performance on non-linguistic EF tasks. Although this bilingual advantage hypothesis seems straightforward to test, it involves a number of important decisions in terms of how to assess bilingualism and EFs. In this article, I focus on the complexity of measuring EFs, drawing on individual differences research (conducted with participants not selected for bilingualism). Specifically, I discuss issues related to (1) the measurement of EFs (particularly the effects of task impurity and unreliability) and (2) the multicomponent nature of EFs. Within each of these topics, I elaborate on consequences for research on bilingual advantages and provide some recommendations.
Does performance on executive function tasks correlate?
Authors: Poarch Gregory J. , van Hell Janet G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent discussion has questioned how well standard executive function tasks tap executive function processes and the convergent validity across executive function tasks. The present study reanalyses data from a study on executive function in children (Poarch & van Hell, 2012a), building empirically on enhanced performance on executive function tasks (Simon & ANT) of bilingual children compared to monolingual children. Specifically, in the original study, the Simon effect and ANT executive control effect differed across groups with bilinguals and trilinguals showing enhanced conflict resolution over monolinguals and second language learners. This outcome is in line with the view that enhanced executive function in bilingual children stems from their permanent need to monitor, control, and shift between two languages. However, the results from the reanalyses indicate that children’s performance on the two executive function tasks did not correlate significantly, which is discussed, amongst other factors, against the backdrop of exogenous and endogenous inhibitory processes that are differentially invoked by the specific nature of the two tasks.
Potential of close to nature forest management approaches in tropical forest plantations.
Authors: Maennicke G. , Griess V. C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tropical forests worldwide are facing major challenges from climate change, land conversion and the use of unsustainable timber harvesting practices. With greater understanding of the negative consequences associated with destructive exploitation as seen over past centuries, as well as an increasing awareness of the importance of managing forests for multiple objectives in a sustainable way, there has been a renewed interest in adopting Close to Nature (CTN) forestry practices in the tropics. However, CTN practices are rarely used in tropical plantation forestry today. This review examines the principles of CTN forestry and how they could be applied in tropical plantation forests. Additionally, CTN techniques that have been applied in temperate and boreal forests are evaluated for their usefulness in the tropics. While the silvics of many tropical species need to be further investigated to provide researchers with more concrete information regarding the likely effects of CTN forestry practices, the potential of these approaches is very high, specifically for meeting multiple forest management objectives concurrently.