bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal controls and team adaptability in new product development projects
Authors: Detzen Nina , Verbeeten Frank H.M. , Gamm Nils , Möller Klaus 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of two formal controls, namely target rigidity and process autonomy, on team adaptability and project success in new product development (NPD) projects. Target rigidity refers to performance goals that are non-negotiable once they have been set. Process autonomy refers to the extent to which a project team is free to choose ways to achieve its goals. Team adaptability is considered a key factor that explains the relationship between formal controls and project success.Design/methodology/approachTwo separate models related to resource and cost measures are analysed, since different target types may influence managerial perceptions. This study uses data collected from a survey with 113 project managers as respondents.FindingsThe findings show that target rigidity and process autonomy support team adaptability. Furthermore, team adaptability mediates the impact of formal controls on project success. The effects are more pronounced for cost targets as compared to resource targets.Practical implicationsFirms can increase project success by using formal controls in such a way that they allow project managers to provide their teams with motivating guidelines (target rigidity) and discretion (process autonomy) to adapt to new circumstances.Originality/valueThis study reveals the impact of formal controls on NPD project success through team adaptability. A balanced use of target rigidity and process autonomy may help improving NPD project success.
Optimizing the use of topical retinoids in Asian acne patients
Authors: See Jo‐Ann , Goh Chee Leok , Hayashi Nobukazu , Suh Dae Hun , Casintahan Flordeliz Abad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a common disease among people in Asia. International guidelines and treatment recommendations emphasize the central role of topical retinoids in the management of acne. However, topical retinoids remain underutilized in clinical practise, which may be in part due to fear of retinoid‐associated dermatitis/lack of experience, particularly in Asian patients. There is a perception that Asian skin has a greater tendency toward sensitivity compared with Caucasian skin. In our clinical experience, topical retinoid therapy can be used with excellent effect to treat Asians with acne. This article discusses available published work regarding the use of topical retinoids in Asian populations, and presents tips for utilizing these important agents in daily practise. Optimizing use of topical retinoids may improve adherence and, in turn, therapeutic outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Thirty‐two Japanese cases of infantile hemangiomas treated with oral propranolol
Authors: Kagami Shinji , Kaneko Masahide , Katori Tatsuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas undergo rapid growth during early infancy followed by gradual involution. Infantile hemangiomas sometimes impair vital functions or cause disfigurement. Thirty‐two Japanese patients between the ages of 1 and 4 months with proliferating infantile hemangiomas received oral propranolol on an outpatient basis. The success rate (complete or nearly complete resolution) at week 25 was 56% (18/32). Two patients dropped out because of a personal reason and moving out. Recurrence after termination of treatment was seen in six patients. Adverse events occurred in 16 patients. There were no adverse events on day 1 (initiation of treatment at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day) and day 8 (dose increase to 2 mg/kg per day). One patient was hospitalized due to pneumonia, and suspended propranolol for 26 days. Oral propranolol at 2 mg/kg per day is effective and safe in Japanese patients with infantile hemangiomas.
Moving from frugivory to seed dispersal: Incorporating the functional outcomes of interactions in plant–frugivore networks
Authors: Simmons Benno I. , Sutherland William J. , Dicks Lynn V. , Albrecht Jörg , Farwig Nina , García Daniel , Jordano Pedro , González‐Varo Juan P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

There is growing interest in understanding the functional outcomes of species interactions in ecological networks. For many mutualistic networks, including pollination and seed dispersal networks, interactions are generally sampled by recording animal foraging visits to plants. However, these visits may not reflect actual pollination or seed dispersal events, despite these typically being the ecological processes of interest.

Frugivorous animals can act as seed dispersers, by swallowing entire fruits and dispersing their seeds, or as pulp peckers or seed predators, by pecking fruits to consume pieces of pulp or seeds. These processes have opposing consequences for plant reproductive success. Therefore, equating visitation with seed dispersal could lead to biased inferences about the ecology, evolution and conservation of seed dispersal mutualisms.

Here, we use natural history information on the functional outcomes of pairwise bird–plant interactions to examine changes in the structure of seven European plant–frugivore visitation networks after non‐mutualistic interactions (pulp pecking and seed predation) have been removed. Following existing knowledge of the contrasting structures of mutualistic and antagonistic networks, we hypothesized a number of changes following interaction removal, such as increased nestedness and lower specialization.

Non‐mutualistic interactions with pulp peckers and seed predators occurred in all seven networks, accounting for 21%–48% of all interactions and 6%–24% of total interaction frequency. When non‐mutualistic interactions were removed, there were significant increases in network‐level metrics such as connectance and nestedness, while robustness decreased. These changes were generally small, homogenous and driven by decreases in network size. Conversely, changes in species‐level metrics were more variable and sometimes large, with significant decreases in plant degree, interaction frequency, specialization and resilience to animal extinctions and significant increases in frugivore species strength.

Visitation data can overestimate the actual frequency of seed dispersal services in plant–frugivore networks. We show here that incorporating natural history information on the functions of species interactions can bring us closer to understanding the processes and functions operating in ecological communities. Our categorical approach lays the foundation for future work quantifying functional interaction outcomes along a mutualism–antagonism continuum, as documented in other frugivore faunas.
Enhanced reproductive success revealed key strategy for persistence of devastated populations in Himalayan food‐deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza hatagirea
Authors: Thakur Dinesh , Rathore Nikita , Sharma Manish K. , Chawla Amit 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances adversely affect populations of rare and endemic plants, resulting in reduction of their population size and performance. Among different plant groups, deceptive terrestrial orchids are vulnerable and possess greater extinction risks because of rarity in occurrence. To understand the response of food‐deceptive terrestrial orchids to disturbances, we selected Dactylorhiza hatagirea as our representative species, which is endemic to Himalaya, and studied its natural populations. This species is rare for being habitat specific, pollination limited and threatened in its natural habitats. We tested the hypothesis that disturbances lead to reduction in population size and plant performance of food‐deceptive terrestrial orchids. For assessing the impact of disturbance, two contrasting groups, heavily devastated (HD) and lightly devastated (LD), were identified on the basis of frequency and intensity of disturbance (harvesting of plant for tubers) by interviewing local people, medicinal plant extractors and shepherds. HD sites, in comparison to LD sites, were found to have smaller population sizes, but showed an increase in plant growth traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf N and specific shoot length). Similarly, plants at HD sites were found to have invested less in inflorescence (inflorescence size, inflorescence length, inflorescence length fraction and flowers per length), but despite that showed higher reproductive success. This was a clear indication of enhanced performance of its populations driven by disturbances. Our findings suggested that food‐deceptive species in small populations tend to reduce the probability of population extinction and have the capability to recover rapidly if conserved in time.
Mobility closure in the upper class: assessing time and forms of capital
Authors: Toft Maren 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost understandings of the ways classes become social groupings centre on processes of mobility closure whereby mutual appreciation and recognition within classes arise from homogenous experiences over time. The mapping of such structured biographies, however, remains understudied. This paper explores intra‐ and intergenerational mobility patterns in the upper strata of the Norwegian class structure and aims to include temporal processes and multiple forms of capital in the quantification of class trajectories. By combining multiple correspondence analysis and social sequence analysis, two important but often neglected aspects of recruitment to the upper class are emphasized: first, by introducing multiple forms of capital, different ways of maintaining mobility closure are demonstrated; second, different pathways to power are highlighted by distinguishing between divergent class careers. A key aim of the analysis is to explore internal divisions within the upper class in forms of parental capital (an ‘origin space’) and link these divisions to a typology of ‘destination careers’ in adulthood. The analysis suggests that individuals from modest origins are more likely to have careers that feature a biographically late arrival and/or short‐term affiliations to upper‐class positions whereas individuals from families rich in capital are more likely to have stable careers in the upper‐class fractions from which they originate. The analysis thus reveals important divisions in the trajectories of Norwegians who reach the upper class; not only are there differences in their upbringing in terms of the availability of different amounts and types of capital but such divisions also seem linked to their own class careers later in adulthood.
Flying solo: Explaining single‐party cabinets under minority presidentialism
Authors: CHAISTY PAUL , POWER TIMOTHY J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the comparative literature on presidential democracy has emphasised the role of coalitional politics in attenuating the ‘perils’ facing minority presidents. Yet since the beginning of the Third Wave of democratisation in 1974, a surprising number of minority presidents have eschewed cabinet coalitions (defined minimally as the awarding of at least one portfolio to a party other than the nominal party of the president). Unipartisan governments are observed just under half of the time. What explains the adoption of single‐party cabinets by minority presidents? Cross‐sectional time‐series analysis is employed to address this question. Hypotheses are tested that relate to the size and distribution of the formateur (presidential) and largest non‐formateur parties that make up the legislature; the nature of party linkages and ideological distance between the president and possible partisan allies; and the extent of reactive veto powers held by the president.
Assessment of Beer Quality Based on a Robotic Pourer, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning Algorithms Using Commercial Beers
Authors: Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Fuentes Sigfredo , Torrico Damir D. , Howell Kate , Dunshea Frank R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSensory attributes of beer are directly linked to perceived foam–related parameters and beer color. The aim of this study was to develop an objective predictive model using machine learning modeling to assess the intensity levels of sensory descriptors in beer using the physical measurements of color and foam‐related parameters. A robotic pourer (RoboBEER), was used to obtain 15 color and foam‐related parameters from 22 different commercial beer samples. A sensory session using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA®) with trained panelists was conducted to assess the intensity of 10 beer descriptors. Results showed that the principal component analysis explained 64% of data variability with correlations found between foam‐related descriptors from sensory and RoboBEER such as the positive and significant correlation between carbon dioxide and carbonation mouthfeel (R = 0.62), correlation of viscosity to sensory, and maximum volume of foam and total lifetime of foam (R = 0.75, R = 0.77, respectively). Using the RoboBEER parameters as inputs, an artificial neural network (ANN) regression model showed high correlation (R = 0.91) to predict the intensity levels of 10 related sensory descriptors such as yeast, grains and hops aromas, hops flavor, bitter, sour and sweet tastes, viscosity, carbonation, and astringency.Practical ApplicationsThis paper is a novel approach for food science using machine modeling techniques that could contribute significantly to rapid screenings of food and brewage products for the food industry and the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The use of RoboBEER to assess beer quality showed to be a reliable, objective, accurate, and less time‐consuming method to predict sensory descriptors compared to trained sensory panels. Hence, this method could be useful as a rapid screening procedure to evaluate beer quality at the end of the production line for industry applications.
Publication rates of abstracts presented at the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists annual scientific meetings: Any change since 2004?
Authors: Croker Jeremy D , Bydder Sean A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at annual Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) conferences.MethodsThe College's Annual Scientific Meetings (ASMs) from 2010 to 2013 were examined, with the goal of comparing these results to the findings of an earlier identical study that examined RANZCR ASMs from 1996 to 1999.ResultsOf the 1152 research abstracts presented, 468 (41%) had been published as full articles. The overall abstract to publication ratio (APR) for radiology was 34% and for radiation oncology was 57%. For oral presentations, these were 44% for radiology and 55% for radiation oncology. Papers were published in a wide variety of journals but 23% of articles appeared in the College's journal, the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. The mean time between presentation and publication was 16.5 months (median 17 months).ConclusionPublication rates are comparable with international reports. The APR has increased since the previous study for both disciplines, but more so for Radiation Oncology.
Outcome and predictors of renal survival in patients with lupus nephritis: Comparison between cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Joo Young Bin , Kang Young Mo , Kim Hyoun‐Ah , Suh Chang‐Hee , Kim Tae‐Jong , Park Yong‐Wook , Lee Jisoo , Lee Joo‐Hyun , Yoo Dae Hyun , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Lee Hye‐Soon , Bang So‐Young 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo compare renal outcomes between cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and attempt to identify a predictor of renal survival.MethodsA total of 99 patients with class III–V lupus nephritis (LN) and treated with CYC or MMF were enrolled. The remission rate and predictors of poor renal outcomes in LN were assessed.ResultsThe mean age at LN diagnosis was 31.7 years. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar except for the chronicity index (3.1 ± 2.4 and 2.3 ± 0.8 for CYC and MMF, respectively, P = 0.007). The overall remission rate was 76.8% and 77.7% after 6 and 12 months, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups at these time points. After a median follow‐up of 36 months (interquartile range 12–60), eight (8.1%) patients had chronic kidney disease, four (4.1%) were dialyzed permanently, and seven (7.1%) suffered a relapse, with no significant difference in these final outcomes between the two groups. Adverse events included infection (CYC group), and rash and neutropenia (MMF group), with no significant difference in frequency between the two groups. Failure of induction therapy (hazards ratio [HR] = 10.626, P = 0.022) and the creatinine level at diagnosis of LN (HR = 8.397, P = 0.007) were significantly associated with renal survival adjusted for age at LN diagnosis, disease duration and proteinuria.ConclusionResponse to current induction therapy for LN was favorable, and 6 months response following induction therapy was the most important predictor for renal survival.
Vascular smooth muscle cells direct extracellular dysregulation in aortic stiffening of hypertensive rats
Authors: Hays Tristan T. , Ma Ben , Zhou Ning , Stoll Shaunrick , Pearce William J. , Qiu Hongyu 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAortic stiffening is an independent risk factor that underlies cardiovascular morbidity in the elderly. We have previously shown that intrinsic mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in aortic stiffening in both aging and hypertension. Here, we test the hypothesis that VSMCs also contribute to aortic stiffening through their extracellular effects. Aortic stiffening was confirmed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) vs. Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats in vivo by echocardiography and ex vivo by isometric force measurements in isolated de‐endothelized aortic vessel segments. Vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated from thoracic aorta and embedded in a collagen I matrix in an in vitro 3D model to form reconstituted vessels. Reconstituted vessel segments made with SHR VSMCs were significantly stiffer than vessels made with WKY VSMCs. SHR VSMCs in the reconstituted vessels exhibited different morphologies and diminished adaptability to stretch compared to WKY VSMCs, implying dual effects on both static and dynamic stiffness. SHR VSMCs increased the synthesis of collagen and induced collagen fibril disorganization in reconstituted vessels. Mechanistically, compared to WKY VSMCs, SHR VSMCs exhibited an increase in the levels of active integrin β1‐ and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1)‐mediated proteolytic cleavage of lysyl oxidase (LOX). These VSMC‐induced alterations in the SHR were attenuated by an inhibitor of serum response factor (SRF)/myocardin. Therefore, SHR VSMCs exhibit extracellular dysregulation through modulating integrin β1 and BMP1/LOX via SRF/myocardin signaling in aortic stiffening.
Differences in the placebo response in duloxetine and venlafaxine trials
Authors: Breilmann J. , Furukawa T. A. , Becker T. , Koesters M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveOur analysis aimed at comparing the placebo effect sizes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of two widely prescribed antidepressants, namely duloxetine and venlafaxine, and at analysing a potential influence of the investigated drugs on the placebo response.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled, double‐blind RCTs, which examined the efficacy of duloxetine and venlafaxine in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder.ResultsWe included 71 studies (29 duloxetine trials and 43 venlafaxine trials; one study provided data for the duloxetine and the venlafaxine data set). The placebo effect sizes, defined as pre‐postscore change divided by baseline standard deviation, differed significantly between venlafaxine and duloxetine studies (−2.51 vs. −2.09; test for subgroup differences P = 0.028; high heterogeneity). The analysis of effect modifiers and the metaregression analyses confirmed the drug, next to baseline depression severity and publication status, as the most influential independent predictor.ConclusionOur analyses show a significant difference in the placebo response between venlafaxine and duloxetine trials and suggest that the investigated drug has an influence on the placebo response that is not related to baseline severity, changes over the years or other variables we included.
Discovery of a new species ofStromatiumAudinet‐Serville, 1834 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) native to Australia, based on morphology and DNA barcoding
Authors: Jin Mengjie , Weir Tom , Cameron Stephen L , Lemann Catherine , Ślipiński Adam , Pang Hong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStromatiumAudinet‐Serville 1834 is considered to be one of the most economically important genera of Cerambycidae. Three species of this genus,Stromatium barbatum(Fabricius),Stromatium longicorne(Newman 1842) andStromatium auratum(Böber 1793), are able to develop to maturity in seasoned timber and are distributed worldwide due to human commerce. We clarified here the status of wild populations ofStromatiumin Australia.Stromatium darwinenseJin & Weir sp. nov. is described from the Northern Territory in Australia, based on evidence from morphological characters and mtDNA barcode sequences (421 bp fragment of COI). The new species is morphologically very similar toS. longicorne, which is native to Christmas Island but not to mainland Australia. We redescribeS. barbatumandS. longicorne, the introductions of which still remain high risks for Australian biosecurity.
Functional diversity of macroinvertebrates on abandoned cattle enclosures in a semi‐arid African savannah
Authors: Chikorowondo Gift , Muvengwi Justice , Mbiba Monicah , Gandiwa Edson 
Published: April 2018

AbstractZimbabwe is experiencing a shift in land‐use, away from livestock farming and towards wildlife conservation. The abandonment of livestock farming may have unforeseen consequences on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as cattle kraals create valuable nutrient‐rich patches across the semi‐arid savannah. It is unclear how macroinvertebrates functionally respond to such nutrient‐rich patches in semi‐arid savannahs. We analysed functional diversity of both aboveground and belowground taxa on abandoned cattle kraals and savannah control plots in Save valley Conservancy (SVC). We used distance‐based multivariate techniques to estimate indices of functional diversity. Our results indicated that after two decades of abandonment, kraals had higher functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv) and functional dispersion (FDis) of macroinvertebrates when both aboveground and belowground species are combined. When aboveground macroinvertebrates were considered alone, no difference was observed for all the considered functional indices. However, only FRic was higher on kraals when belowground macroinvertebrates were separately considered. Our results suggest that two‐decade‐old abandoned kraals may have recovered enough for aboveground species to match the surrounding savannah plot and even surpassed the savannah control for belowground species functional diversity.