bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty for corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Authors: Tanaka Thaís Shiota , Hood Christopher Thomas , Kriegel Matthias Frank , Niziol Leslie , Soong H Kaz 
Published: February 2019

Background/AimTo review the long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 53 eyes of 53 patients who underwent PKP due to corneal complications of HZO at the Kellogg Eye Center.ResultsThe mean age of patients at the time of PKP was 68.0±16.4 years, with a follow-up of 4.0±3.8 years and quiescent period of 6.5±5.3 years from active HZO to PKP. Preoperatively, 25 (47.2%) eyes were completely anaesthetic, while 16 (30.2%) had deep corneal neovascularisation in four quadrants. Comorbid ocular disease, including cataract, glaucoma and macular disease, was present in 25 (47.2%) eyes. Twenty patients (37.8%) received acyclovir for the entire postoperative period. There were no recurrences of zoster keratitis in any eye. The most common complications were difficulty healing the ocular surface (12/53, 22.6%) and glaucoma (14/53, 26.4%). Thirty per cent of the eyes required one or more additional postoperative procedures, most commonly tarsorrhaphy (10/53, 18.9%) and amniotic membrane graft (6/53, 11.3%). At 1, 2–4 and ≥5 years, 94%, 82% and 70% grafts remained clear, respectively. Visual acuity improved at 1 year postoperatively (p<0.0001), but this improvement was not sustained. There was no significant benefit of long-term acyclovir on visual acuity (p=0.2132) or graft survival (p=0.241).ConclusionsEven in eyes with significant preoperative risk factors, PKP for the corneal complications of HZO can achieve favourable tectonic and visual results. Although most grafts remained clear, long-term visual potential may be limited by comorbid ocular diseases. Prophylactic postoperative oral acyclovir did not improve outcomes.
Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Palmer Antony J R , Ayyar Gupta Vandana , Fernquest Scott , Rombach Ines , Dutton Susan J , Mansour Ramy , Wood Simon , Khanduja Vikas , Pollard Tom C B , McCaskie Andrew W , Barker Karen L , Andrade Tony J M D , Carr Andrew J , Beard David J , Glyn-Jones Sion 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
To compare arthroscopic hip surgery with physiotherapy and activity modification for improving patient reported outcome measures in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Design
Two group parallel, assessor blinded, pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Setting
Secondary and tertiary care centres across seven NHS England sites.

Participants
222 participants aged 18 to 60 years with symptomatic FAI confirmed clinically and with imaging (radiography or magnetic resonance imaging) were randomised (1:1) to receive arthroscopic hip surgery (n=112) or a programme of physiotherapy and activity modification (n=110). Exclusion criteria included previous surgery, completion of a physiotherapy programme targeting FAI within the preceding 12 months, established osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2), and hip dysplasia (centre-edge angle <20 degrees).

Interventions
Participants in the physiotherapy group received a goal based programme tailored to individual patient needs, with emphasis on improving core stability and movement control. A maximum of eight physiotherapy sessions were delivered over five months. Participants in the arthroscopic surgery group received surgery to excise the bone that impinged during hip movements, followed by routine postoperative care.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was the hip outcome score activities of daily living subscale (HOS ADL) at eight months post-randomisation, with a minimum clinically important difference between groups of 9 points. Secondary outcome measures included additional patient reported outcome measures and clinical assessment.

Results
At eight months post-randomisation, data were available for 100 patients in the arthroscopic hip surgery group (89%) and 88 patients in the physiotherapy programme group (80%). Mean HOS ADL was 78.4 (95% confidence interval 74.4 to 82.3) for patients randomised to arthroscopic hip surgery and 69.2 (65.2 to 73.3) for patients randomised to the physiotherapy programme. After adjusting for baseline HOS ADL, age, sex, and study site, the mean HOS ADL was 10.0 points higher (6.4 to 13.6) in the arthroscopic hip surgery group compared with the physiotherapy programme group (P<0.001)). No serious adverse events were reported in either group.

Conclusions
Patients with symptomatic FAI referred to secondary or tertiary care achieve superior outcomes with arthroscopic hip surgery than with physiotherapy and activity modification.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01893034
.
Selenium supplementation and insulin resistance in a randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth Theresa , Lance Peter , Mandarino Lawrence J , Ellis Nathan A , Chow H-H Sherry , Foote Janet , Martinez Jessica A , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh Paul , Batai Ken , Saboda Kathylynn , Thompson Patricia A 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWhile controversial, observational and randomized clinical trial data implicate the micronutrient selenium (Se) in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Se supplementation adversely affects pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.Research design and methodsIn a subset of 400 individuals participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Se at 200 µg/day for colorectal adenomatous polyps, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured before randomization and within 6 months of completing intervention. Change in the homeostasis model assessment-β cell function (HOMA2-%β) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) were compared between arms. A subgroup of 175 (79 Se and 96 placebo) participants underwent a modified oral glucose tolerance test (mOGTT) at the end of intervention and change in glucose values was assessed.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed for changes in HOMA2-%β or HOMA2-%S between those who received Se compared with placebo. After a mean of 2.9 years on study, mean HOMA2-%β values were 3.1±24.0 and 3.1±29.8 for the Se and placebo groups, respectively (p=0.99). For HOMA2-%S, the values were −0.5±223.2 and 80.9±1530.9 for the Se and placebo groups, respectively (p=1.00). Stratification by sex or age did not reveal any statistically significant effects on insulin sensitivity by treatment group. For mOGTT, mean baseline fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher among participants in the placebo group compared with the Se group (96.6±14.6 and 92.3±12.0, respectively; p=0.04), a trend which remained through the 20 min assessment.ConclusionsThese findings do not support a significant adverse effect of daily Se supplementation with 200 µg/day of selenized yeast on β-cell function or insulin sensitivity as an explanation for previously reported associations between Se and T2D. Further clarification of longer term effects of Se is needed.Clinical trial registryNIH Clinical Trials.gov numberNCT00078897.
Is the current surge in political and financial attention to One Health solidifying or splintering the movement?
Authors: Spencer Julia , McRobie Ellen , Dar Osman , Rahman-Shepherd Afifah , Hasan Nadeem , Hanefeld Johanna , Khan Mishal 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionThe global health field has witnessed the rise, short-term persistence and fall of several movements. One Health, which addresses links between human, animal and environmental health, is currently experiencing a surge in political and financial attention, but there are well-documented barriers to collaboration between stakeholders from different sectors. We examined how stakeholder dynamics and approaches to operationalising One Health have evolved further to recent political and financial support for One Health.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study, first by qualitatively investigating views of 25 major policymakers and funders of One Health programmes about factors supporting or impeding systemic changes to strengthen the One Health movement. We then triangulated these findings with a quantitative analysis of the current operations of 100 global One Health Networks.ResultsWe found that recent attention to One Health at high-level political fora has increased power struggles between dominant human and animal health stakeholders, in a context where investment in collaboration building skills is lacking. The injection of funding to support One Health initiatives has been accompanied by a rise in organisations conducting diverse activities under the One Health umbrella, with stakeholders shifting operationalisation in directions most aligned with their own interests, thereby splintering and weakening the movement. While international attention to antimicrobial resistance was identified as a unique opportunity to strengthen the One Health movement, there is a risk that this will further drive a siloed, disease-specific approach and that structural changes required for wider collaboration will be neglected.ConclusionOur analysis indicated several opportunities to capitalise on the current growth in One Health initiatives and funding. In particular, evidence from better monitoring and evaluation of ongoing activities could support the case for future funding and allow development of more precise guidelines on best practices.
How socioeconomic status moderates the stunting-age relationship in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Bommer Christian , Vollmer Sebastian , Subramanian S V 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionReducing stunting is an important part of the global health agenda. Despite likely changes in risk factors as children age, determinants of stunting are typically analysed without taking into account age-related heterogeneity. We aim to fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of the role of socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator for the stunting-age pattern.MethodsEpidemiological and socioeconomic data from 72 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used to calculate stunting-age patterns by SES quartiles, derived from an index of household assets. We further investigated how differences in age-specific stunting rates between children from rich and poor households are explained by determinants that could be modified by nutrition-specific versus nutrition-sensitive interventions.ResultsWhile stunting prevalence in the pooled sample of 72 DHS is low in children up to the age of 5 months (maximum prevalence of 17.8% (95% CI 16.4;19.3)), stunting rates in older children tend to exceed those of younger ones in the age bracket of 6–20 months. This pattern is more pronounced in the poorest than in the richest quartile, with large differences in stunting prevalence at 20 months (stunting rates: 40.7% (95% CI 39.5 to 41.8) in the full sample, 50.3% (95% CI 48.2 to 52.4) in the poorest quartile and 29.2% (95% CI 26.8 to 31.5) in the richest quartile). When adjusting for determinants related to nutrition-specific interventions only, SES-related differences decrease by up to 30.1%. Much stronger effects (up to 59.2%) occur when determinants related to nutrition-sensitive interventions are additionally included.ConclusionWhile differences between children from rich and poor households are small during the first 5 months of life, SES is an important moderator for age-specific stunting rates in older children. Determinants related to nutrition-specific interventions are not sufficient to explain these SES-related differences, which could imply that a multifactorial approach is needed to reduce age-specific stunting rates in the poorest children.
Detailed injury epidemiology in contemporary dance: a 1-year prospective study of 134 students
Authors: van Winden Diana P A M , Van Rijn Rogier M , Richardson Angelo , Savelsbergh Geert J P , Oudejans Raôul R D , Stubbe Janine H 
Published: February 2019

AimWe investigated the extent and characteristics of injuries in contemporary dance students.MethodsDuring one academic year, 134 students of Bachelor dance and Bachelor dance teacher from Codarts University of the Arts (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) were prospectively monitored monthly, using the Performing Artist and Athlete Health Monitor which includes the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.Results130 students were included in the analyses. The response rate of monthly completed questionnaires was 80%. During the academic year, 97% of students reported at least one injury, mental complaint or other health problem. The 1-year injury incidence proportion was 81%. Of these injured students, 58% were substantially injured (ie, problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or performance or complete inability to participate in activities). The monthly injury proportion (all injuries) ranged from 23% to 43% and for substantial injuries from 6% to 17%. The injury incidence rate per 1000 hours dance exposure was 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2). Ankle/foot (30%), lower back (17%) and knee (15%) were the most common sites of injury.ConclusionContemporary dance students are at high risk for injuries. Injury prevention programmes among contemporary dance students should focus on the ankle/foot, lower back and knee.
Leadership sharing in maternity emergency teams: a retrospective cohort study in simulation
Authors: Janssens Sarah , Simon Robert , Barwick Stephanie , Beckmann Michael , Marshall Stuart 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundShared leadership is associated with improved team performance in many domains, but little is understood about how leadership is shared spontaneously in maternity emergency teams, and if it is associated with improved team performance.MethodsA video analysis study of multidisciplinary teams attending a maternity emergency management course was performed at a simulation centre colocated with a tertiary maternity hospital. Sixteen teams responding to a simulated postpartum haemorrhage were analysed between November 2016 and November 2017. Videos were transcribed, and utterances coded for leadership type using a coding system developeda priori. Distribution of leadership utterances between team members was calculated using the Gini coefficient. Teamwork was assessed using validated tools and clinical performance was assessed by time to perform a critical intervention and a checklist of required tasks.ResultsThere was a significant sharing of leadership functions across the team despite the traditional recommendation for a singular leader, with the dominant leader only accounting for 58% of leadership utterances. There was no significant difference in Auckland Team Assessment Tool scores between high and low leadership sharing teams (5.02 vs 4.96, p=0.574). Time to critical intervention was shorter in low leadership sharing teams (193 s vs 312 s, p=0.018) but checklist completion did not differ significantly. Teams with better clinical performance had fewer leadership utterances beyond the dominant two leaders compared with poorer performing teams.ConclusionsLeadership is spontaneously shared in maternity emergency teams despite the recommendation for singular leadership. Spontaneous leadership emerging from multiple team members does not appear to be associated with the improvements in team performance seen in other domains.
DISCOSPONDYLITIS IN A 7-MONTH-OLD FRENCH BULLDOG: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Chen Chung-Chao , Yang Shu-Fang , Lee Shei-Wen , Yang Heng-Leng , Hsieh Feng-Yi , Hu Kwo-Chen , Liang Sao-Ling 
Published: February 2019

A 7-month-old, intact, male French bulldog presented for paraplegia for two days, and persistent fever and diarrhea for seven days. Complete blood count and biochemical profiles were within normal limits. Radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed destructive endplate lesions between T11 and T12. Surgery of intervertebral disc (IVD) curettage was performed because the dog was beginning to lose deep pain perception. Staphylococcus epidermis was isolated from blood culture and specimens of the IVD. After surgery, intravenous and oral antibiotics were continued for three weeks. The dog regained ambulatory status one month after surgery. Diagnosis of discospondylitis of T11 and T12 was confirmed according to CT and positive bacteria culture. To our knowledge, this case is the youngest dog confirmed with discospondylitis managed successfully, and the first case report of discospondylitis in a French bulldog. Aggressive surgical treatment is highly recommended in young dogs with rapidly progressive neurologic deficits from discospondylitis.
The Interest Rate Effect on Private Saving: Alternative Perspectives
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Cheung Yin-Wong , Ito Hiro 
Published: February 2019

Lowering the policy interest rate could stimulate consumption and investment while discouraging people from saving. However, such a move may also prompt people to save more to compensate for the low rate of return. Using the data of 135 countries from 1995 to 2014, we show that a low interest rate environment can yield different effects on private saving under different economic environments. The real interest rate affects private saving negatively if output volatility, old-age dependency, or financial development is above a certain threshold. Depending on a country’s specific economic circumstances, these effects are significant for the economy — a four-percentage point decline in the real interest rate, which is approximately the same as one standard deviation for China, would lead to a 1.52 percentage point increase in the Chinese private saving rate. Further, when the real interest rate is below 1.1%, greater output volatility would lead to higher private saving in developing countries.
Variety Is the Spice of Life, but Maybe Not in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Klempner Samuel J. , Catenacci Daniel V.T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Sanchez-Vega and colleagues prospectively demonstrate that both intra- and intertumoral differential expression of the receptor tyrosine kinases HER2, EGFR, and MET dictate sensitivity to the pan-HER inhibitor afatinib in a phase II trial of trastuzumab-refractory HER2-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Rapid autopsy, tissue-based genomic characterization, and molecular imaging provide complementary information and may aid in selecting optimal patients for targeted monotherapy versus combination approaches in gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas.
See related article by Sanchez-Vega et al., p. 199.
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DELIVERY CHAINS IN WONOGIRI REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Dharmaputra Okky Setyawati , Retnowati Ina , Ambarwati Santi 
Published: February 2019

As a part of an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project on management of aflatoxin in Indonesia and Australia (PHT 97/017), a survey on pre- and postharvest handling of peanuts at farmer, collector retailer levels, including Aspergillus flavus Â infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination of peanuts collected in Wonogiri regency, Central Java, was conducted during the harvest period of the wet (February 2003) and dry (June 2003) seasons. Interviews using questionnaires, with farmers, collectors and retailers concerning pre- and post-harvest handling of peanuts were carried out. The moisture contents and physical quality of the peanut kernels were also determined. During the wet and dry seasons, fresh pod samples were collected from farmer fields (24 samples), dry raw pod samples from collector (24 samples) and raw kernel samples from retailer levels (54 samples). Thus, during each season 102 samples of various kinds of peanuts were collected for analysis. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples of peanuts collected from retailers were the highest, followed by samples collected from collectors and farmers. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples collected during the dry season was in general lower than in the wet season. It was alarming to note that all most all samples of raw kernel samples collected from retailers were infected by A. flavus during the wet and dry seasons. In general aflatoxin B1 levels in peanut samples collected in the wet season were higher than the dry season. During the wet and dry seasons, the aflatoxin B1 contents in retailer samples were the highest, followed by those collected from collectors and farmers. During the wet season, around 4, 17 and 33% of peanut samples collected from farmers, collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1. During the dry season, around 42 and 74% of peanut samples collected from collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1, while aflatoxin levels in wet raw pod samples collected from farmers were less than 15 ppb. In 2003 Codex Alimentarius Commission has determined a maximum level of total aflatoxins in peanuts intended for further processing at 15 ppb.
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGE OF MANGROVE VASCULAR FLORA OF CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES
Authors: MASAGCA JIMMY TEVAR 
Published: February 2019

Mangroves play very significant roles not only on the economic aspects but also on the ecological aspects as biobelting for tidal surges and tsunamis. The loss of human lives due to the deadly tsunamis in East Asia and the unabated destruction of coastal vegetation have resulted in a renewed focus on the mangrove resources. The purpose of this paper is to report the existing mangrove database of the typhoon-prone island province of Catanduanes in Luzon, Philippines which will be used as bases in determining the appropriate educational management initiatives of various sectors for mangrove rehabilitation and regeneration.Â Â A total of 37 species of mangrove vascular flora (13 species of major mangrove elements, 10 species of minor mangrove elements and 14 associated mangrove species) were identified in the island under study. Two species of the genus Avicennia (A. marina and A. officinalis) were noted in the island. The other genera (Bruguiera, Ceriops, Sonneratia and Rhizophora) are well distributed in the designated eco-zones. Nypa fruticans is the most important mangrove plant species and a member of the screwpine family (Pandanaceae), Pandanus tectorius which is an associated mangrove species is well-distributed all throughout the island.Key words:Â Mangroves, vascular flora, Catanduanes, Philippines, occurrence and distribution.