bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forty Years of Assessing Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Infants: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Garrison Laura , Morley Sarah , Chambers Christina D. , Bakhireva Ludmila N. 
Published: June 2019

It has been known for over 4 decades that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can adversely affect neurodevelopment and behavior (NDB). Yet, early detection of altered NDB due to PAE continues to present a major clinical challenge. Identification of altered NDB in the first 2 years of life, before higher‐order cognitive processes develop, invites early interventions for affected children to improve long‐term outcomes. Studies published in English from January of 1980 to July of 2018 were identified in PubMed/MEDLINE. The review focused on prospective birth cohort studies which used standardized NDB assessments in children up to 2 years of age, wherein PAE was the main exposure and NDB was the main outcome. NDB was categorized into the domains of neurocognitive, adaptive, and self‐regulation based on the 2016 Updated Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. An initial search resulted in 1,867 articles for which we reviewed abstracts; 114 were selected for full‐text review; and 3 additional abstracts were identified through review of references in eligible publications. Thirty‐one publications met criteria and were included: of these, 24 reported neurocognitive outcomes, 24 reported adaptive behavior outcomes, and 12 reported outcomes in the domain of self‐regulation. Although self‐regulation was assessed in the fewest number of studies, 8/12 (75%) reported PAE‐associated deficits. In contrast, results were mixed for the other 2 domains: 13/24 (54%) of the selected studies that included neurocognitive outcomes showed poorer performance following PAE, and 8/24 (33%) studies that assessed adaptive functioning found significant differences between PAE and comparison infants. There is considerable evidence to support the value of early‐life assessments of infant NDB when PAE is known or suspected. More studies focusing on infant self‐regulation, in particular, are needed to determine the utility of early evaluation of this critical developmental domain in infants with PAE.
Reduction in hospital admissions with an early computed tomography scan: results of an outpatient management protocol for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis
Authors: Juszczyk Karolina , Ireland Kelsey , Thomas Bev , Kroon Hidde M. , Hollington Paul 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that uncomplicated acute diverticulitis (UAD) can be safely and effectively managed as an outpatient. The aim of the current study was to evaluate if an early computed tomography (CT) scan in the emergency department (ED) can reduce the number of hospital admissions when UAD is diagnosed, without compromising patient safety.MethodsA protocol was introduced in 2015, whereby patients with suspected diverticulitis receive a CT scan on presentation to the ED and be considered for discharge home on oral antibiotics if UAD is confirmed. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted for all patients presenting to the ED with acute diverticulitis over a 4‐year period: 2 years prior (May 2013–April 2015; pre‐protocol) and 2 years after implementation of the protocol (May 2015–April 2017; post‐protocol).ResultsA total of 1147 patients presented to the ED, who were diagnosed with diverticulitis, and UAD was confirmed in 552 patients. There was a significant decrease in hospital admissions for UAD in the post‐protocol group from 93% to 39% (P < 0.0001) and in the total number of hospital admission days from 602 to 370 (P < 0.0001). There was no increase in representations between both periods (7% versus 6%; P = 0.49).ConclusionDefinitive diagnosis by early CT scan in the ED decreased the admission rate for UAD by more than 50%, and significantly reduced the total number of hospital days without resulting in an increase in representations. UAD can safely and effectively be treated in an outpatient setting leading to a reduction in the burden on the health system.
The morphology, development, and evolution of the head of fishes: Foundational studies for a renaissance of comparative morphology
Authors: Hilton Eric J. , Warth Peter , Konstantinidis Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractActa Zoologica has played a key role as a publishing outlet for advancing zoological knowledge since its foundation in 1920 by Nils Holmgren. With the journal celebrating its centennial, we have assembled a virtual issue that celebrates some of the morphological highlights from the history of Acta Zoologica, which has been a venue for precise and detailed anatomical descriptions of the morphology and ontogeny of major vertebrate taxa. Because our own focus of research has been the evolution of the musculoskeletal system of fishes, a bias toward these topics in our selection is readily apparent. However, these papers also reflect the tradition established by Holmgren's “Studies on the Heads of Fishes,” published in Acta Zoologica. We hope that by bringing together Holmgren's “Studies,” along with a selection of other papers from across the history of the journal will inspire the continued growth of comparative vertebrate anatomy, especially in an era where advanced technologies are available. We discuss various author's approaches to morphology, including Holmgren (1877–1954), Torsten Pehrson (1887–1970), and Alexej Nikolajevich Sewertzoff (1866–1936). The foundation that was laid by these and other workers offers the basis for continued investigation and testing of hypotheses. We feel that the true testament to the power of comparative anatomy is that even after so much study and the volume of baseline data available, new and important findings continue to be made from the careful observation of anatomical form.
High and variable population prevalence of HLA‐B*56:02 in indigenous Australians and relation to phenytoin‐associated drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Somogyi Andrew A. , Barratt Daniel T. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Moore Kylies , Ilyas Fahmida , Gabb Genevieve M. 
Published: June 2019

Phenytoin drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in 3 Aboriginal Australians positive for HLA‐B*56:02 has been previously reported. We report the allele frequency of HLA‐B*56:02 in 2 South Australian populations, 1 Aboriginal (4.8%, 95% confidence interval 2.4–7.8%) and the other European (0%). We compared the frequency with publicly available information on HLA‐B*56:02 status in other Indigenous Australian (n = 4) and European Australian cohorts (n = 1). In the Indigenous Australian cohorts, HLA‐B*56:02 allele frequency ranged from 1.3 to 19%. We also describe an additional case of phenytoin DRESS (RegiSCAR DRESS score 7) in an Aboriginal Australian that was associated with HLA‐B*56:02 and with CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype. In Aboriginal Australians, phenytoin DRESS appears distinctly linked to HLA‐B*56:02 with an allele carriage rate substantially higher than in Europeans, but also with considerable regional variation. Investigations of human leucocyte antigen and other contributing genes and severe adverse drug reactions in understudied non‐European populations are required to optimize safe medication use and inform risk mitigation strategies.
Perturbation of the immune cells and prenatal neurogenesis by the triplication of the Erg gene in mouse models of Down syndrome
Authors: Ishihara Keiichi , Shimizu Ryohei , Takata Kazuyuki , Kawashita Eri , Amano Kenji , Shimohata Atsushi , Low Donovan , Nabe Takeshi , Sago Haruhiko , Alexander Warren S. , Ginhoux Florent , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Akiba Satoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSome mouse models of Down syndrome (DS), including Ts1Cje mice, exhibit impaired prenatal neurogenesis with yet unknown molecular mechanism. To gain insights into the impaired neurogenesis, a transcriptomic and flow cytometry analysis of E14.5 Ts1Cje embryo brain was performed. Our analysis revealed that the neutrophil and monocyte ratios in the CD45‐positive hematopoietic cells were relatively increased, in agreement with the altered expression of inflammation/immune‐related genes, in Ts1Cje embryonic brain, whereas the relative number of brain macrophages was decreased in comparison to wild‐type mice. Similar upregulation of inflammation‐associated mRNAs was observed in other DS mouse models, with variable trisomic region lengths. We used genetic manipulation to assess the contribution of Erg, a trisomic gene in these DS models, known to regulation hemato‐immune cells. The perturbed proportions of immune cells in Ts1Cje mouse brain were restored in Ts1Cje‐Erg+/+/Mld2 mice, which are disomic for functional Erg but otherwise trisomic on a Ts1Cje background. Moreover, the embryonic neurogenesis defects observed in Ts1Cje cortex were reduced in Ts1Cje‐Erg+/+/Mld2 embryos. Our findings suggest that Erg gene triplication contributes to the dysregulation of the homeostatic proportion of the populations of immune cells in the embryonic brain and decreased prenatal cortical neurogenesis in the prenatal brain with DS.
Neutrophil extracellular trap‐microparticle complexes trigger neutrophil recruitment via high‐mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1)‐toll‐like receptors(TLR2)/TLR4 signalling
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Du Feifei , Hawez Avin , Mörgelin Matthias , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeRecent data suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form aggregates with microparticles (MPs) upon activation of neutrophils although the functional role of NET‐MP complexes remain elusive. The objective of this study was to examine the role of NET‐MP aggregates in leukocyte recruitment in vivo.Experimental ApproachPMA stimulation of murine bone marrow neutrophils generated NET‐MP complexes and pretreatment with caspase and calpain inhibitors resulted in the formation of NETs depleted of MPs. Leukocyte–endothelium interactions were studied by using intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster microcirculation.Key ResultsIntrascrotal injection of NET‐MP aggregates dose‐dependently increased leukocyte recruitment. In contrast, leukocyte responses were markedly reduced after administration of NETs depleted of MPs. Neutrophil depletion abolished intravascular and extravascular leukocytes in response to challenge with NET‐MP complexes. Electron microscopy revealed that NET‐associated MPs express HMGB1. Notably, immunoneutralization of HMGB1 markedly decreased NET‐MP complex‐induced neutrophil accumulation. Moreover, inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment in response to NET‐MP aggregates.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data show that NET‐MP complexes are potent inducers of neutrophil recruitment, which is dependent on HMGB1 expressed on MPs and mediated via TLR2 and TLR4. Blocking MP binding to NETs or downstream inhibition of the HMGB1‐TLR2/TLR4 axis might provide useful targets to attenuating NET‐dependent tissue damage in acute inflammation.
Increased versus stable dose of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Jialing , Yuan Yulai , Faramand Andrew , Fang Fang , Ji Hongming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is commonly used at early signs of loss of asthma control. However, the potential benefits and harms of this strategy remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare increased dose with stable dose of ICS among adults and children with asthma.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to August 02, 2018. Randomized clinical trials comparing increased doses vs stable doses of ICS for home management of asthma exacerbations in adults or children were included.ResultsThe analyses included 8 trials totalling 3866 patients. Four trials were judged as low risk of bias, three were unclear risk, and one was ranked as high risk. Increased dose of ICS was associated with a significantly reduced risk of treatment failure compared with stable dose (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70‐0.97, I2 = 6%; 314 (281 to 351) vs 358 events per 1000 patients; moderate‐quality evidence). There was no significant difference in unscheduled physician visits or hospital admission between increased or stable dose of ICS. However, increased dose of ICS increased the risk of non‐serious adverse events (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.93‐6.35, I2 = 0%) but not serious adverse events.ConclusionsCurrent evidence of moderate quality supports increasing the dose of ICS as part of a self‐initiated action plan to reduce risk of requiring a course of systemic corticosteroids in people with an asthma exacerbation. However, we did not find evidence for an impact on hospital admissions or unscheduled physician visits, and increased ICS dose increased risk of non‐serious adverse events.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors in type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Hyry Heli S. I. , Liippo Jussi P. , Virtanen Hannele M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors has become an increasing problem. Contact allergies to isobornyl acrylate, colophonium, ethyl cyanoacrylate and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide have been reported. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of sensor‐related dermatitis and detailed patient histories.ObjectivesTo evaluate diabetes patients who have developed allergic contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors.Patients and methodsSeventy patients with suspected contact allergy to glucose sensors referred to university hospital dermatology clinics in southern Finland were patch tested with the baseline series, an isobornyl acrylate dilution series, and a number of other acrylates. Atopic constitution, contact allergies, the severity of the dermatitis and the ability to continue with the same or another type of sensor were recorded.ResultsPositive patch test reactions to isobornyl acrylate were seen in 51 of 63 (81%) Freestyle Libre users. Colophonium or its derivatives gave positive reactions in five of seven Medtronic Enlite users. The median duration of sensor use before dermatitis was 6 months. The estimated prevalences of contact allergy to sensor adhesives were 0.7% for Freestyle Libre and 0.8% for Enlite.ConclusionsWe suggest that patients who have difficulties in finding a tolerable glucose sensor or an insulin pump should be patch tested.
Reduction in surgical stoma rates in Crohn's disease: a population‐based time trend analysis
Authors: Ma C. , Almutairdi A. , Tanyingoh D. , Seow C. H. , Novak K. L. , Lu C. , Panaccione R. , Kaplan G. G. , Kotze P. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTrends in surgical rates for Crohn's disease (CD) in the biological era are controversial. We aim to assess modern trends in the formation rates of surgical stomas.MethodPopulation‐based surveillance in the Calgary Health Zone (CHZ), Canada, was conducted between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2011, using the Discharge Abstract Database to identify adult patients with CD admitted to hospital and treated with surgical stoma formation (n = 545). Annual stoma incidence was calculated by dividing the number of incident stomas by the prevalence of CD in the CHZ. Time trend analysis of the stoma‐formation rate was performed, expressed as annual percentage change (APC) with 95% CI. Stoma‐formation rates were stratified according to procedure (emergency vs elective) and duration of stoma [temporary (reversed within 2 years of formation) vs permanent].ResultsThe overall rate of stoma formation between 2002 and 2011 showed a downwards trend, of a mean of 5.2% (95% CI: −8.5 to −1.8) per year, from a rate of 2.30 stomas/100 person‐years (PY) in 2002 to 1.51 stomas/100 PY in 2011. The rate of emergency stoma formation decreased significantly from 2002 to 2011 (mean APC = −9.4%; 95% CI: −15.6 to −2.8), while the rate of elective ostomies essentially showed no change (mean APC = −0.9%; 95% CI: −5.3 to 3.8). The rate of temporary stoma formation decreased significantly, by 4.6% (95% CI: −7.3 to −1.8) per year, while permanent stoma formation was stable (APC = 1.0%; 95% CI: −4.0 to +6.3).ConclusionA reduction in the overall rate of stoma formation in CD has been driven by fewer emergency stomas, although rates of permanent stoma have remained stable.
Dynamic formation of cellular aggregates of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in spinner flask
Authors: He Huimin , He Qing , Xu Feiyue , Zhou Yan , Ye Zhaoyang , Tan Wen‐Song 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesCellular aggregates are readily applicable in cell‐based therapy. The effects of agitation and inoculation density on the aggregation of cells in spinner flask and the molecular mechanism of aggregation were investigated.Materials and methodsThe aggregation kinetics of cells in spinner flask was evaluated with bovine articular chondrocytes (bACs), rabbit bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and their mixture. The morphology of cellular aggregates was studied with scanning electron microscopy and gene expression of cell adhesion‐related molecules was analysed.ResultsIt was shown that suspension culture in spinner flask induced the aggregation of bACs and rMSCs. Both cells exhibited increased aggregation rate and aggregate size with decreasing agitation rate and increasing cell inoculation density. Additionally, aggregate size increased with extended culture time. By analysing gene expression of integrin β1 and cadherin, it was indicated that these molecules were potentially involved in the aggregation process of bACs and rMSCs, respectively. Aggregates composed of both bACs and rMSCs were also prepared, showing rMSCs in the core and bACs in the periphery.ConclusionsCellular aggregates were prepared in dynamic suspension culture using spinner flask, the key parameters to the aggregation process were identified, and the molecular mechanism of aggregation was revealed. This would lay a solid foundation for the large‐scale production of cellular aggregates for cell‐based therapy, such as cartilage regeneration.
Does intra‐operative verapamil administration in kidney transplantation improve graft function
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Caldas Mauricio , Sharma Nitin , Bidnur Samir , Ghosh Sunita , Todd Gerald T. , Moore Ronald B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe role of the calcium channel blocker (verapamil) in kidney transplant is controversial. Verapamil has been hypothesized to mitigate ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) to the allograft. Herein, we evaluated the effect of intra‐operative verapamil administration in a large cohort of kidney transplants. Total 684 transplants were performed during 2007‐2017. Of these, 348 (50.9%) transplants received verapamil (2.5 mg) Ver (+), and 336 (49.1%) did not, Ver (−). Based on the donor type, the study was divided into three groups; living donor (LD) (N = 270), neurological determination of death (NDD) (N = 394), and donation after cardiac death (DCD) (N = 20). Ver (−) subgroup had more diabetic recipients as compared to Ver (+) subgroup in LD and NDD groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found for delayed graft function in any of the group (P > 0.05). Cold ischemia time and dialysis requirement were significantly higher in Ver (+) LD and NDD groups, respectively. Except for DCD group, there was no significant difference in eGFR (mL/min) immediately and 6 months after kidney transplant in any of the groups. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to account for potential confounders, but verapamil administration did not improve graft function in any of the groups (P > 0.05) after transplant.
The political economy of ‘ordered competition’ in European telecoms
Authors: Trubnikov Dmitrii , Trubnikova Ekaterina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the current efforts of policymakers to spur development of telecommunications infrastructure. It argues that the policy of ‘ordered competition’, widely implemented in this sector, has formed a highly beneficial environment for major players, who have the ability to influence the regulatory machine. The system protects the status quo, impedes the efficiency of the market process and allows unnecessary public subsidy of the industry's development. The main alternative to this regulatory regime is structural reform of the industry and the formation of a genuinely competitive marketplace which could function without ex ante regulation.
Analysis of the therapeutic effect of transesophageal echocardiography‐guided percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defects via the right internal jugular vein in children
Authors: Gao Minglei , Li Zipu , Zhao Ye , Wen Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraditional X‐ray‐guided transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) via the right femoral vein carries a risk of radiation damage, which is greatly exacerbated by age and vascular conditions. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance for the closure procedure not only broadens the indications of interventional therapy for ASDs but also avoids radiation exposure.PurposeTo assess the value of TEE‐guided ASD device closure via the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in children.MethodsNineteen pediatric patients with secondary ASD underwent TEE‐guided ASD device closure via the RIJV from July 22, 2015 to July 19, 2017. After the RIJV was successfully accessed, one Fustar curve‐adjustable delivery sheath was inserted. The implant depth was adjusted, and the tip of the sheath was curved to facilitate passage through the ASD for the delivery and release of the occluder. TEE was used to guide the entire procedure.ResultsIn all 19 patients, the ASDs were successfully closed and the occluder was confirmed to have a stable position and good shape, with no residual shunt. During the follow‐up period (2 months to 2 years), no pericardial effusion, thrombosis, tachyarrhythmia, atrioventricular block, or other complications were observed.ConclusionsAn adjustable delivery sheath can be used to treat ASD via the RIJV. This procedure has varied indications, and its advantages include a short operation path, procedural accuracy, minimal trauma, and quick recovery, especially for young patients with large ASDs and cases in which a femoral vein approach is difficult. The procedure has great clinical significance and merits attention.