bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preparation Guide for Java Call Graph Comparison
Authors: Pengő Edit , Ságodi Zoltán 
Published: June 2019

Call graphs provide basis for numerous interprocedural analysers and tools, therefore it is crucial how precisely they are constructed. Developers need to know the features of a call graph builder before applying it to subsequent algorithms. The characteristics of call graph builders are best understood by comparing the generated call graphs themselves. The comparison can be done by matching the corresponding nodes in each graph and then analysing the found methods and calls. In this paper, we developed a process for pairing the nodes of multiple call graphs produced for the same source code. As the six static analysers that we collected for call graph building handles Java language elements differently, it was necessary to refine the basic name-wise pairing mechanism in several steps. Two language elements, the anonymous and generic methods, needed extra consideration. We describe the steps of improvement and our final solution to achieve the best possible pairing through the analysis of the Apache Commons-Math project.
Operations on Signed Distance Functions
Authors: Bálint Csaba , Valasek Gábor , Gergó Lajos 
Published: June 2019

We present a theoretical overview of signed distance functions and analyze how this representation changes when applying an offset transformation. First, we analyze the properties of signed distance and the sets they describe.
Second, we introduce our main theorem regarding the distance to an offset set in (X,||.||) strictly normed Banach spaces. An offset set of D in X is the set of points equidistant to D. We show when such a set can be represented by f(x)-c=0, where c denotes the radius of the offset. Finally, we explain these results for applications that offset signed distance functions.
Factors governing phytoplankton community in the Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thanh-Luu 
Published: June 2019

This paper covers spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton communities and physico-chemical water properties in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve (CGMBR), Vietnam based on field measurement conducted in dry and wet seasons of 2010. Phytoplankton samples and water parameter data were collected from nine stations in the CGMBR. A total of 86 species were recorded with clear dominance of Bacillariophyceae, which formed above 90% of the total phytoplankton abundance with average of 48,000 cell/l in dry season and 35,000 cell/l in wet season. Although Chaetoceros and Coscinodiscus were the two most diverse genera, Skeletonema showed high abundance during the studied period. Among the ten environmental parameters tested in this study, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, ammonium and silicon dioxide were found to be significantly different between seasons. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between stations for the studied physico-chemical parameters. Results of CCA indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in CGMBR was influenced by salinity, turbidity, nitrate, ammonium and phosphate concentration. This is the first study simultaneously investigating the phytoplankton communities and their environment in this area and it is essential to set up the baseline of future studies.
Reflexiones sobre la guerra asimétrica a través de la historia
Authors: Bajo María Gajate 
Published: June 2019

La guerra asimétrica se ha convertido en una expresión con buena acogida y gran popularidad para referirse a las “nuevas” guerras del siglo XXI. Sin embargo, su definición plantea algunas controversias. Por un lado, no es fácil caracterizarla, pues en la guerra asimétrica se conjugan medios irregulares de lucha y también, con limitaciones, algunos instrumentos convencionales. Por otro lado, tampoco es sencillo detallar su presunto carácter novedoso, desde un enfoque histórico. El presente artículo aborda ambas cuestiones con el objetivo de revisar las principales aportaciones hasta la fecha e intentar delinear algunos rasgos distintivos de esta modalidad de conflicto.

Abstract
Asymmetric war has turned into an expression with good reception and great popularity to refer to the "new" wars of the 21st century. However, its definition presents some controversy. On one hand, its characterization is not easy because asymmetric war combines irregular tolls of fight and also, with restrictions, conventional ones. On the other hand, from a historical approach it is also difficult to detail what its alleged original character consists of. This article will address both subjects in order to review the main contributions made until now and to feature some distinctive characters of this kind of conflict.
La función social punitiva en Iberoamérica. Circunstancias globales y locales
Authors: Gil Villa Fernando 
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo pretende analizar las circunstancias que rodean la dualidad contradictoria presente en la función social de los centros penitenciarios –castigo y rehabilitación–, teniendo en cuenta dos elementos: los debates adyacentes sobre inseguridad y los discursos presentes en la opinión pública, las organizaciones políticas y los intelectuales. Tendencias como la virtualización de la delincuencia, el cambio de énfasis del aspecto físico al aspecto simbólico de la violencia y la vulnerabilidad de las clases medias, eventualmente electorados de corte populista, no permiten pronosticar un decrecimiento de las poblaciones carcelarias en América Latina o una mejora de sus condiciones de vida, pese a los esfuerzos de algunos sistemas judiciales y penales, así como organizaciones interestatales y no gubernamentales.

Abstract
The article analyzes the circumstances surrounding the contradictory duality present in the social function of the penitentiary centers (punishment and rehabilitation) taking into account two elements: the adjacent debates about insecurity, and the discourses instigated by public opinion, political organizations and intellectuals. Trends such as the virtualization of delinquency, the change of emphasis from the physical aspect to the symbolic aspect of violence, the vulnerability of the middle classes (eventually populist electorates) do not allow us to predict a decrease in prison populations in Latin America or an improvement of their living conditions, despite the efforts of some judicial and criminal systems, as well as inter-state and non-governmental organizations.
Percepción de presos becarios de Guayaquil sobre los costos-beneficios de la educación superior
Authors: Iturralde Durán Carlos Antonio 
Published: June 2019

La educación es un derecho humano fundamental, que incrementa las capacidades y libertades individuales y sociales. Su ejercicio está consagrado en normativas globales y nacionales que proveen el marco para implementar planes, políticas y proyectos que mejoren su cobertura y calidad propendiendo a la inclusión de grupos vulnerables. Entre ellos se encuentra la población penitenciaria, para lo cual deben aportar además al proceso de rehabilitación social. En 2015, el Gobierno ecuatoriano otorgó por vez primera becas para estudios superiores a los presos mejor puntuados en el Examen Nacional de Educación Superior (ENES). Ellos asisten a clases dentro de prisión y, si adquieren su libertad, pueden acudir a la universidad asignada, con los costos directos cubiertos por el Estado. Gran parte del éxito de esta iniciativa depende de la retención-persistencia estudiantil, lo cual hace relevante el análisis de causales de deserción que pueden abordarse desde diferentes enfoques. Entre ellos, el económico, planteado en el presente artículo, que identifica los beneficios y costos percibidos por los becarios de una cárcel de Guayaquil, desde una perspectiva cualitativa. Encuentra que al ser excarcelados experimentan un decremento de los beneficios y un incremento de los costos, lo que afecta negativamente la decisión de permanencia estudiantil.

Abstract
Education is a fundamental human right that increases individual and social abilities and freedoms. Its exercise is consecrated in global and national regulations that provide the framework to implement plans, policies and projects to improve their coverage and quality, propending the inclusion of vulnerable groups. Among them is the penitentiary population, for which these regulations must also contribute positively in the process of social rehabilitation. In 2015, the Ecuadorian government awarded, for the first time, scholarships for higher education to the best-rated prisoners in the National Higher Education Exam (ENES, for its acronym in Spanish). They attend classes in prison and, if they acquire their freedom, they can go to the assigned university with the direct costs covered by the State. Much of the success of this initiative depends on student retention-persistence, which makes relevant the analysis of desertion causes that can be studied from different approaches. Among them, the economic, raised in this article, which identifies the benefits and costs received by scholars of a prison in Guayaquil, from a qualitative perspective. The findings of the investigation show that, when released, the scholarship holders experience a decrease in benefits and an increase in costs, which negatively affects the decision of student permanence.
Large Hadron Collider as a Legal Phenomenon
Authors: Chetverikov A. O. 
Published: June 2019

Сontinued. See: LEX RUSSICA. 2019. № 4. Pp. 151—169This paper is the first in Russia comprehensive theoretical and practical study of one of the world’s largest international scientific installations of the «megasience» class — the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) — from the standpoint of legal science.The author focuses on the unique legal status and legal nature of international scientific collaborations, with the help ofwhichscientistsfromdozensofcountries, including Russia, carry outresearchandmakescientificdiscoveries on the LHC. The paper considers and analyzed the following: the history of development, general principles of the LHC and the European organization for nuclear research (CERN), under the auspices of which its construction was carried out; the principles of the structure and functioning of international scientific collaborations around the LHC; the legal nature of their constituent documents as acts of soft law; the ratio of soft and hard law mechanisms in the regulation of international scientific collaborations around the LHC.The final section presents data and proposals on the use of the legal mechanisms studied in other countries and international organizations, including for the purpose of the construction of scientific installations of the «megasience» class under the auspices of the national scientific organizations of Russia and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna (Moscow region).
Asignación de personal con periodo inestable de trabajo
Authors: Javez Valladares Santos Santiago , Tello de la Cruz Elmer 
Published: June 2019

Una de las maneras de cómo dar a conocer que las técnicas de la Investigación de Operaciones son de mucha utilidad es generando su aplicación a la solución de problemas de la vida diaria, es por ello que el presente trabajo es la aplicación de un Modelo de Programación Lineal aplicado Asignación de Personal con Periodo Inestables de Trabajo, esto se elaboró motivado por que dentro de un pequeño negocio de venta de comida rápida se estaba dando la posibilidad que algunos estudiantes puedan laborar por horas, esto de acuerdo a su disponibilidad horaria dentro de la semana, claro está que por diversas actividades sus horarios cambiaban de una semana a otra, esto creaba un grave problema a la administradora del negocio que no sabía en muchos de los casos asignar de la mejor manera a los diferentes grupos de jóvenes con la intención de cumplir con la cantidad mínima de personal necesario en cada horario y en cada día. Para ello se hizo necesario elaborar un modelo lineal programado en Solver para tener mejor presentación y con la facilidad de poder imprimir a cada grupo sus horarios de trabajo durante la semana.
El uso de este programa ha facilitado mucho el cumplir con las metas de personal y más aun a generado una aplicación interesante en este negocio que está sirviendo de ejemplo para poder difundir el modelo a otro tipo de negocios.
Palabras Clave: Asignación de personal, Modelo lineal, Solver.
FACTORS TRIGGERING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, FAILURE AND SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Dermawan Rizky , Handayani Wiwik 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: In today's digital era, every individual is claimed must be able to create and innovate in order to be able to thrive in the future so that the resilience of the company will be strengthened. Currently higher education institution is in need of change in order to maintain the survival and development within the competitive world. Organizational citizenship behavior, is a role that exceed the basic obligations undertaken by an employee. This research aims to reveal the influence of transformational leadership, organizational climate, work motivation, and job satisfaction towards Organizational citizenship behavior. Methodology: Data was retrieved via survey method using questionnairesmethod of data collection. The population of the present srudy is thelecturers of Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" University of East Java. Purposive sampling method has been used, with approximately 187 lecturers already working for more than 5 years. Hypothesis testing are conducted using Partial Least Square analysis (PLS). Main Findings:The results exhibited thattwo hypotheses were accepted and two other hypotheses were rejected. Organizational climate and job satisfaction have an influence on Organizational citizenship behavior, while transformational leadership and work motivation have no effect toward Organizational citizenship behavior. Implications/ Applications: The results provide a guidance for the reasons for success and failure of OCB. The success of OCB is characterized by an organizational climate that is able to improve performance and provide job satisfaction. Whereas the failure of OCB implementation was caused by transformational leadership who were unable to change behavior and motivated lecturers to voluntarily help friends in doing their jobs.Based on the findings, it is suitable to emphasise the need for improving workplace climate as well as job satisfaction. Employers that would like to retain talented academics in their academic institutions should not be concerned about leadership quality and work motivation which has no impact on the citizenship behaviour. The insights are particularly useful in the case of Indonesia trying to develop its national education system to be on par with more developed economies and produce graduates who are employable on a global scale.
BRAND PREFERENCES IN MUSLIMAH FASHION INDUSTRIES: AN INSIGHT OF FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Amer Afizan , Md. Jani Siti Hajar , Ibrahim Irwan , Abd Aziz Noor Azam 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to have better insight regarding come out with a conceptual framework in studying the brand preference in Islamic Muslimah fashion industry development.Muslimah fashion industries are areas that have attracted attention, especially after the recent wave among brand endorser such an artist increases their level of awareness towards the religious and affected way of their attire. This study highlights a significant shift in consumers' behavior regarding brand preferences and investigates the motives behind such moves.
Methodology: This paper explores the three independent variables and gathers findings from qualitative data through the literature on factors influencing customers' preferences for Muslimah fashion.Future branding empirical research would include these elements as items in building up the survey instrument.
Results: The results show that uniqueness, price, and celebrity endorser are among the determining factors that influence customers' preferences in making decisions.
Implications: Understanding customers' preferences on Muslimah fashion are crucial for a company that operates in fashion industries due to such a highly competitive industry and rapid change on taste and preference. Having a good understanding of the real motives behind customers' preferences on Muslimah fashion will help the business organization to understand customers better.These results will eventually be used for developing a conceptual framework to be used for future empirical research.
Comorbidities in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult inhabitants of Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Authors: Niewiadomska Ewa , Kowalska Małgorzata , Zejda Jan 
Published: June 2019

WstępPrzewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP) i astma to przewlekłe choroby układu oddechowego, których częstość występowania rośnie. Wraz z wiekiem może dojść do nakładania się obydwu chorób (<i>asthma-COPD overlap syndrome</i> – ACOS). Brak stosownych danych w Polsce uzasadnia badanie sytuacji epidemiologicznej w tym zakresie. Celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania chorób współtowarzyszących astmie i POChP oraz oszacowanie możliwości nakładania się obydwu chorób w woj. śląskim wraz z oceną kosztów leczenia szpitalnego w ramach środków Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia (NFZ).Materiał i metodyW badaniu przeanalizowano wtórne dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące rejestrowanych przez NFZ świadczeń medycznych w woj. śląskim w latach 2006–2010. Oceniono czasowe zróżnicowanie standaryzowanych współczynników opisujących liczbę nowych zachorowań na POChP oraz astmę wśród osób dorosłych (wiek ≥ 19 lat) oraz przeanalizowano strukturę chorób współistniejących.WynikiLiczba nowych zachorowań na astmę i POChP utrzymywała się na wysokim poziomie, odpowiednio od 392,3 (2008 r.) do 469,6 (2007 r.)/100 000 i od 470,7 (2010 r.) do 656,9 (2007 r.)/100 000 dorosłych mieszkańców. Spośród chorób współistniejących dominowały choroby układu sercowo-naczyniowego, przewlekłe i infekcyjne choroby układu oddechowego oraz choroby metaboliczne. Astma i POChP częściej współwystępowały u osób starszych, co zostało potwierdzone u 5% chorych. Średni jednostkowy koszt leczenia szpitalnego astmy i POChP wynosił odpowiednio 2533,63 PLN i 2013,15 PLN.WnioskiLiczba pierwszorazowych hospitalizacji z powodu POChP jest 2-krotnie większa niż z powodu astmy. Hospitalizacja pacjentów wiąże się z koniecznością leczenia chorób współistniejących, najczęściej chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Zespół ACOS dotyczył 5% chorych. Chociaż jednostkowy koszt leczenia pacjenta z astmą jest większy niż chorego z POChP, to mniejsza liczba hospitalizowanych przekłada się na 2-krotnie mniejszy roczny koszt leczenia choroby w stosunku do kosztu leczenia POChP.
Asymmetrical Modes of Outdoor Lighting Lines
Authors: Kozlovskaya V. B. , Kalechyts V. N. 
Published: June 2019

Asymmetrical modes of the outdoor lighting network can be caused by disconnecting of a part of the luminaires in order to electrical energy savings at night; also – by asymmetry of voltage in power points. The possible alternative symmetric modes of energy saving to replace the incomplete-phase operation of the line have been analyzed. Calculations of various symmetric and asymmetric modes of the lighting line were carried out without taking into account and taking into account high harmonics up to the 39th one. Calculations have been performed with the programs of MathCad software. As light sources, in the calculations the widely used luminaries with high-pressure sodium arc lamps connected through electromagnetic start-up equipment were considered. Such luminaries are sources of high harmonics, and they distort the sinusoidal voltage. The values of currents, power, power loss, voltage drop in all areas of the lighting line, the voltage at the terminals of the lamps for each phase (operating parameters) are determined. The diagrams of the voltage distribution at the points of the lighting line are plotted for the considered modes of operation. The annual electric power consumption of the lighting line has been calculated for different variants of operation, and the obtained results have been compared. When refusing to disconnection of part of the luminaires at night and using a smooth transition to a lower voltage (symmetrical) at a power point or using two-stage ballast devices, uneven illumination appears less when the level of electricity consumption is comparable. The presence of voltage asymmetry at the power point, as well as the disconnection of one phase, leads to an increase in currents, power losses and voltage. The current in the zero working conductor can exceed the currents in the phase conductors (when calculated taking into account the higher harmonics). Accounting for higher harmonics allows one to determine the operating parameters more accurately, on the basis of which the electricity power consumption can be estimated.
The Importance of Clean Off-Plane Perforations in all Phases of a Deepwater Well and its Productivity Impact
Authors: Mahadev Karthik A. , Haldipur Prashant , Tinker Steven J. , Stewart Carlos , Roy Alistair M. 
Published: June 2019

Summary
High–permeability reservoirs in deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) have been completed with frac packs, resulting in high–production–rate wells. The initial production rates for these wells range from 3,000 B/D to almost 40,000 B/D; and these rates can be sustained over extended periods of time (several years). Most of these developments in the GOM require sand control with cased hole frac packs (CHFPs) as the preferred completion technique. In addition to providing reliable sand control, frac packs result in relatively low skin by bypassing near–wellbore damage. During the past few years, operators have focused on reducing skin and improving the production from these wells, leading to a more detailed analysis of frac–pack performance. This paper will demonstrate that in high–permeability reservoirs, production from the off–plane perforations is as important as production from the fracture. It examines the theoretical basis of the contribution of off–plane perforations to total flow and demonstrates the adverse effect on this contribution because of damage from drilling fluids and solids, cementing spacers and solids, fluid–loss materials, perforating debris, wellbore debris, and crosslinked gel. Three case histories are analyzed to evaluate and quantify these effects and to show that the lower the conductivity contrast between the (high permeability) reservoir and the fracture, the higher the production benefit that can be realized by effectively cleaning the off–plane perforations.
Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Fuctions: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode
Authors: Yoon Hyeon Jeong , Kim Jonghwa , Park Sang Woo , Heo Hwan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

To investigate differences in refraction, accommodative factors, ocular parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different perception depths.

Methods

Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Ocular parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods, and subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content and correlations between each ocular parameter were analyzed.

Results

There were no changes in refraction and accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in near point accommodation (NPA), near point convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed that NPA and accommodative lag were increased in subjects with exophoria, and that subjects with high NPA or NPC were more likely to exhibit an increase in mean accommodative lag.

Conclusions

The use of VR for 30 min reduced NPA and NPC especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, using VR could further increase accommodation lag and reduce the amplitude of accommodation and convergence in subjects with exophoria.