bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Ultrahigh‐Field Imaging Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (EUFIND)
Authors: Düzel Emrah , Acosta‐Cabronero Julio , Berron David , Biessels Geert Jan , Björkman‐Burtscher Isabella , Bottlaender Michel , Bowtell Richard , Buchem Mark v , Cardenas‐Blanco Arturo , Boumezbeur Fawzi , Chan Dennis , Clare Stuart , Costagli Mauro , de Rochefort Ludovic , Fillmer Ariane , Gowland Penny , Hansson Oskar , Hendrikse Jeroen , Kraff Oliver , Ladd Mark E. , Ronen Itamar , Petersen Esben , Rowe James B. , Siebner Hartwig , Stoecker Tony , Straub Sina , Tosetti Michela , Uludag Kamil , Vignaud Alexandre , Zwanenburg Jaco , Speck Oliver 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of European Ultrahigh‐Field Imaging Network in Neurodegenerative Diseases (EUFIND) is to identify opportunities and challenges of 7 Tesla (7T) MRI for clinical and research applications in neurodegeneration. EUFIND comprises 22 European and one US site, including over 50 MRI and dementia experts as well as neuroscientists.MethodsEUFIND combined consensus workshops and data sharing for multisite analysis, focusing on 7 core topics: clinical applications/clinical research, highest resolution anatomy, functional imaging, vascular systems/vascular pathology, iron mapping and neuropathology detection, spectroscopy, and quality assurance. Across these topics, EUFIND considered standard operating procedures, safety, and multivendor harmonization.ResultsThe clinical and research opportunities and challenges of 7T MRI in each subtopic are set out as a roadmap. Specific MRI sequences for each subtopic were implemented in a pilot study presented in this report. Results show that a large multisite 7T imaging network with highly advanced and harmonized imaging sequences is feasible and may enable future multicentre ultrahigh‐field MRI studies and clinical trials.DiscussionThe EUFIND network can be a major driver for advancing clinical neuroimaging research using 7T and for identifying use‐cases for clinical applications in neurodegeneration.
A systematic review of central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) diagnostic reliability and error
Authors: Larsen Emily N. , Gavin Nicole , Marsh Nicole , Rickard Claire M. , Runnegar Naomi , Webster Joan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To establish the reliability of the application of National Health and Safety Network (NHSN) central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) criteria within established reporting systems internationally.Design:Diagnostic-test accuracy systematic review.Methods:We conducted a search of Medline, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EbscoHost), and PubMed (NCBI). Cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they compared publicly reported CLABSI rates and were conducted by independent and expertly trained reviewers using NHSN/Centers for Disease Control (or equivalent) criteria. Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the QUADAS 2 tool. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were analyzed.Results:A systematic search identified 1,259 publications; 9 studies were eligible for inclusion (n = 7,160 central lines). Publicly reported CLABSI rates were more likely to be underestimated (7 studies) than overestimated (2 studies). Specificity ranged from 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.81) to 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00) and sensitivity ranged from 0.42 (95% CI, 0.15–0.72) to 0.88 (95% CI, 0.77–0.95). Four studies, which included a consecutive series of patients (whole cohort), reported CLABSI incidence between 9.8% and 20.9%, and absolute CLABSI rates were underestimated by 3.3%–4.4%. The risk of bias was low to moderate in most included studies.Conclusions:Our findings suggest consistent underestimation of true CLABSI incidence within publicly reported rates, weakening the validity and reliability of surveillance measures. Auditing, education, and adequate resource allocation is necessary to ensure that surveillance data are accurate and suitable for benchmarking and quality improvement measures over time.Registration:Prospectively registered with International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID CRD42015021989; June 7, 2015). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID%3dCRD42015021989
Towards a neuroscience-based theory of personality: within-subjects dissociation of human brain activity during pursuit and goal conflict
Authors: Perkins Adam M. , Strawbridge Rebecca , Arnone Danilo , Williams Steven C. R. , Gasston David , Cleare Anthony J. , O’Daly Owen , Kumari Veena , Ettinger Ulrich , Corr Philip J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As demonstrated by neuroimaging data, the human brain contains systems that control responses to threat. The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality predicts that individual differences in the reactivity of these brain systems produce anxiety and fear-related personality traits. Here we discuss some of the challenges in testing this theory and, as an example, present a pilot study that aimed to dissociate brain activity during pursuit by threat and goal conflict. We did this by translating the Mouse Defense Test Battery for human fMRI use. In this version, dubbed the Joystick Operated Runway Task (JORT), we repeatedly exposed 24 participants to pursuit and goal conflict, with and without threat of electric shock. The runway design of JORT allowed the effect of threat distance on brain activation to be evaluated independently of context. Goal conflict plus threat of electric shock caused deactivation in a network of brain areas that included the fusiform and middle temporal gyri, as well as the default mode network core, including medial frontal regions, precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus, and laterally the inferior parietal and angular gyri. Consistent with earlier research, we also found that imminent threat activated the midbrain and that this effect was significantly stronger during the simple pursuit condition than during goal conflict. Also consistent with earlier research, we found significantly greater hippocampal activation during goal conflict than pursuit by imminent threat. In conclusion, our results contribute knowledge to theories linking anxiety disorders to altered functioning in defensive brain systems and also highlight challenges in this research domain.
Representation of sentence meaning (A JNLE Special Issue)
Authors: Bojar Ondřej , Bernardi Raffaella , Webber Bonnie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper serves as a short overview of the JNLE special issue on representation of the meaning of the sentence, bringing together traditional symbolic and modern continuous approaches. We indicate notable aspects of sentence meaning and their compatibility with the two streams of research and then summarize the papers selected for this special issue.
Dual-band slot microstrip patch antennas with dual-radiation modes for wireless communication
Authors: Yang Guangwei , Li Jianying , Yang Jiangjun , Xing Zijian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact dual-band microstrip patch antenna with dual-radiation modes is investigated. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular ground plane, a U-shaped feed probe, and an H-shaped slot radiating patch. By adjusting the size of these structures, a dual-band antenna can be obtained. In the low-frequency band, the antenna can radiate one radiation beam with high gain. In the high-frequency band, the antenna can achieve monopole-like radiation pattern. Therefore, an antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for validation. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed in this paper. The antenna's operating frequency ranges are 3.6–3.85 GHz in the low-frequency band and 5.1–6.1 GHz in the high-frequency band with the reflection coefficient less than −10 dB. At 3.7 GHz, the antenna radiate one beam with 8.8 dBi realized gain. At 5.5 GHz, it exhibits dual-radiation beams directed to −48 and 48° with 5.6 and 5.5 dBi realized gain in the xoz-plane and −48 and 48° with 2.9 and 3.0 dBi realized gain in the yoz-plane. Therefore, the proposed antenna is a good candidate for wireless communication systems.
The Permeability Evolution of Tuffisites and Implications for Outgassing Through Dense Rhyolitic Magma
Authors: Heap Michael J. , Tuffen Hugh , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Reuschlé Thierry , Castro Jonathan M. , Schipper C. Ian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that outgassing through transient fracture networks exerts an important control on conduit processes and explosive‐effusive activity during silicic eruptions. Indeed, the first modern observations of rhyolitic eruptions have revealed that degassed lava effusion may depend upon outgassing during simultaneous pyroclastic venting. The outgassing is thought to occur as gas and pyroclastic debris are discharged through shallow fracture networks within otherwise low‐permeability, conduit‐plugging lava domes. However, this discharge is only transient, as these fractures become clogged and eventually blocked by the accumulation and sintering of hot, melt‐rich pyroclastic debris, drastically reducing their permeability and creating particle‐filled tuffisites. In this study we present the first published permeability measurements for rhyolitic tuffisites, using samples from the recent rhyolitic eruptions at Chaitén (2008–2009) and Cordón Caulle (2011–2012) in Chile. To place constraints on tuffisite permeability evolution, we combine (1) laboratory measurements of the porosity and permeability of tuffisites that preserve different degrees of sintering, (2) theoretical estimates on grainsize‐ and temperature‐dependent sintering timescales, and (3) H2O diffusion constraints on pressure‐time paths. The inferred timescales of sintering‐driven tuffisite compaction and permeability loss, spanning seconds (in the case of compaction‐driven sintering) to hours (surface tension‐driven sintering), coincide with timescales of diffusive degassing into tuffisites, observed vent pulsations during hybrid rhyolitic activity (extrusive behavior coincident with intermittent explosions), and more broadly, timescales of pressurization accompanying silicic lava dome extrusion. We discuss herein the complex feedbacks between fracture opening, closing, and sintering and their role in outgassing rhyolite lavas and mediating hybrid explosive‐effusive activity.
Synchronous Changes in Sediment Transport and Provenance at the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge Linked to Millennial Climate Variability From 55 to 6 ka BP
Authors: Mirzaloo M. , Nürnberg D. , Kienast M. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnique marine sediment cores retrieved from the southwestern slope of the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge (IFR), close to the main axis of the Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW), revealed prominent sedimentary cycles reflecting near‐bottom current dynamics, sediment transport, and deposition, coincident with Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycles and deglacial perturbations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The transition between Greenland Stadials (GSs) and Greenland Interstadials (GIs) follows a distinct, recurring sedimentation pattern. Basaltic (Ti‐rich) silts were transported from local volcanic sources by strong bottom currents and deposited during GIs comparable to modern ocean circulation. Finer‐grained felsic (K‐rich) sediments were deposited during GSs, when Iceland‐Scotland Overflow was weak. Possible felsic source areas include British‐Ireland and/or Fennoscandian shelf areas. A cyclic sawtooth pattern of bottom current strength is characterized by gradual intensification during GIs followed by a sharp decline toward GSs as is documented at core sites along the flank of Reykjanes Ridge. The cores north of the Faroe Channel instead document the opposite pattern. This suggests that the near‐bottom currents along the Reykjanes Ridge are strongly controlled by the flow cascading over the IFR. Heinrich‐(like) HS‐1 and HS‐2, are characterized by the deposition of very fine felsic sediments pointing to weakened bottom currents. Distinct coarse‐grained intervals of ice‐rafted debris are absent from the sediment records, although pebble‐ and gravel‐sized ice‐rafted debris is irregularly distributed throughout the fine sediment matrix. Near‐bottom currents are considered to have a major control on the lithogenic sediment deposition southwest of the IFR and further downstream.
Trace Element (Mn‐Sr‐Y‐Th‐REE) and U‐Pb Isotope Systematics of Metapelitic Apatite During Progressive Greenschist‐ to Amphibolite‐Facies Barrovian Metamorphism
Authors: Henrichs I. A. , Chew D. M. , O'Sullivan G. J. , Mark C. , McKenna C. , Guyett P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the trace element and U‐Pb systematics of apatite of 19 samples of metapelites and calcareous metapelites from two progressive metamorphic sequences from the Central Alps to further understanding of the behavior and stability of apatite during metamorphism. U‐Pb and trace element data were acquired from apatite mineral separates by LA‐Q‐ICP‐MS. The trace element data were explored using chondrite‐ and whole‐rock normalized multielement plots and principal component analysis biplots. Apatite rare earth element (REE) and U contents increase with increasing metamorphic grade due to competing growth/dissolution of allanite and REE epidote, with the lowest REE and U contents found in greenschist‐facies apatites. The REE, U, and Th/U systematics of pelitic apatite are highly diagnostic of metamorphic grade and can be readily exploited in provenance studies. In contrast, apatite Th/U ratios and common Pb content broadly decrease with increasing metamorphic grade. Consequently, low‐grade metapelite and calcareous metapelite apatite is often undatable by U‐Pb LA‐ICP‐MS geochronology and underrepresented in detrital apatite U‐Pb data sets but can be readily identified by its distinctive trace element characteristics. Amphibolite‐facies metapelitic apatite is more amenable to U‐Pb LA‐ICP‐MS geochronology due to its higher U and lower common Pb contents, with some amphibolite‐facies pelitic apatites yielding imprecise ages consistent with Alpine metamorphism. Refractory detrital apatite yielding Variscan U‐Pb ages with mafic igneous trace element signatures is also sporadically preserved in the greenschist‐facies metapelites. In contrast, apatite from a Variscan granitoid yields Variscan U‐Pb ages with I‐type granite trace element signatures, reflecting the generally less reactive behavior of “dry” granitoids compared to pelitic rocks.
Source of the Bursty Bulk Flow Diffuse Aurora: Electrostatic Cyclotron Harmonic and Whistler Waves in the Coupling of Bursty Bulk Flows to Auroral Precipitation
Authors: Wendel D. E. , Khazanov G. V. , Tripathi A. K. , Singhal R. P. , Zesta E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) and whistler chorus waves are recognized as the two mechanisms responsible for the resonant wave‐particle interactions necessary to precipitate plasma sheet electrons into the ionosphere, producing the diffuse Aurora. Previous work has demonstrated ECH waves dominate electron scattering at L shells >8, while whistler chorus dominates scattering at L shells L < 8. However, we find from Time History of Events and Macroscale (THEMIS) Interactions during Substorms observations of fast flows at L = 12 that oblique whistler chorus emissions play the dominant role in scattering electrons. Previous works have identified whistler‐mode waves within fast flows that are produced by an electron temperature anisotropy Te,⊥/Te,||> 1, consistent with electron betatron acceleration. Here, however, we find whistler chorus emissions throughout an interval of fast flows where Te,⊥/Te,||< 1. Parallel electron beams account for the enhanced parallel electron temperature and serve as the instability mechanism for the whistler chorus. The parallel electron beams and associated cigar‐shaped distributions are consistent with Fermi acceleration at dipolarizations in fast flows. We demonstrate that the scattering efficiency of the whistler chorus exceeds that of ECH waves, which THEMIS also detects during the fast flows. The obliquity of the whistler waves permits efficient scattering of lower‐energy electrons into the diffuse aurora. We conclude that Fermi acceleration of electrons provides one important free‐energy source for the wave‐particle interactions responsible for coupling plasma sheet electrons into the diffuse aurora during substorm conditions.
Variation of the Equatorial Height Anomaly During the Main Phase of 2015 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm Using ANNIM and TIEGCM
Authors: Sai Gowtam V. , Lei Jiuhou , Tulasi Ram S. , Luan Xiaoli , Ren Dexin , Zhong Jiahao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA double‐peak structure in the peak height of ionospheric F2 layer around ±10o geomagnetic latitudes similar to the equatorial ionization anomaly was recently reported. This unique feature was referred as the equatorial height anomaly (EHA). In the present paper, a simulation study is carried out using the data‐driven artificial neural network‐based two‐dimensional ionospheric model (ANNIM‐2D) and the physics‐based thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM) to understand the local time and latitudinal variation of EHA during the main phase of St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. Both the ANNIM‐2D and TIEGCM consistently show pronounced EHA during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. Further, the local time of EHA development on the storm day is much earlier (nearly 2 hr) than the quiet time over Brazilian sector (90°W). The TIEGCM simulation revealed that the storm time enhancement of the equatorial fountain associated with the enhanced equatorial zonal electric field is the main controlling factor for the pronounced EHA during the main phase. The storm time meridional neutral winds positively contribute to the development of EHA. This study revealed the direct manifestation of the storm time‐enhanced plasma fountain on the EHA.
Seismic Layer 2A: Evolution and Thickness From 0‐ to 70‐Ma Crust in the Slow‐Intermediate Spreading South Atlantic
Authors: Estep Justin , Reece Robert , Kardell Dominik A. , Christeson Gail L. , Carlson Richard L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLayer 2A, the porous and permeable uppermost igneous oceanic crust, permits the circulation of fluid within the crust, the exchange of dissolved mineral species between the ocean and crust, and the convective dissipation of heat from the crust. We examine the presence, temporal extent, thickness, and evolution of layer 2A using multichannel seismic data collected at 30°S in the South Atlantic across crustal age ranges of 0–70 Ma and half spreading rates of 12–31 mm/year. We observe the layer 2A/2B boundary in 0–48 Myr old crust but not in crust older than ~48 Ma. The thickness of layer 2A in the South Atlantic has substantial variability, with a mean of 760 m and a standard deviation of 290 m. Layer 2A has no systematic change in thickness with age in the South Atlantic, and thickness does not correlate with spreading rate. The crust in the South Atlantic is never fully sealed by sediment cover, which implies that the fluid circulation system in the upper crust never becomes fully closed and the thickness of layer 2A can work as a proxy for the depth at which significant circulation can occur. The disappearance of the layer 2A/2B boundary in older crust implies that fluid circulation within the upper crust continues to occur for at least ~48 Myr after crustal formation in the South Atlantic, after which layer 2A becomes indistinguishable from layer 2B in reflection images.
Detection of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes in Broadband Random Time Sequences: Are They Independent Events?
Authors: Ide Satoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are detected primarily from continuous seismograms using a matched‐filter technique with an impulsive template waveform in a relatively narrow frequency band. However, this method can also detect events from some kinds of random time sequences without clearly isolated events. Here this fact is demonstrated via simple numerical simulations using the synthetic moment accelerations from a model of broadband slow earthquake, the Brownian slow earthquake (BSE) model, and a totally random noise sequence. The matched‐filter technique identifies time sections including relatively isolated pulse‐like fluctuations, as signals in both time sequences, depending on the threshold. These waveforms, stacked relative to the signal timing, show a clear impulse similar to the assumed template in both time sequences, which highlights that we might potentially misinterpret an original time sequence as containing many isolated pulse‐like events. An important difference exists between the BSE model and random noise at frequencies much lower than the analyzed frequency band, with the stacked BSE sequence containing coherent signals at very low frequencies, which are not visible in the noise. Real observations in the Cascadia subduction zone also contain similar coherent signals at low frequencies, suggesting that these LFE signals are coincident with some slow slip. Therefore, so‐called LFEs might potentially be a misinterpretation due to signal processing, or at least they are the tip of the iceberg, with these signals forming a component of a very broadband slow‐earthquake‐like slip process that possibly occurs over sub‐second to multi‐year timescales.
Improving Physics‐Based Aftershock Forecasts During the 2016–2017 Central Italy Earthquake Cascade
Authors: Mancini S. , Segou M. , Werner M. J. , Cattania C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 2016–2017 Central Apennines earthquake sequence is a recent example of how damages from subsequent aftershocks can exceed those caused by the initial mainshock. Recent studies reveal that physics‐based aftershock forecasts present comparable skills to their statistical counterparts, but their performance remains a controversial subject. Here we employ physics‐based models that combine the elasto‐static stress transfer with rate‐and‐state friction laws, and short‐term statistical Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) models to describe the spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquake cascade. We then track the absolute and relative model performance using log‐likelihood statistics for a 1‐year horizon after the 24 August 2016Mw= 6.0 Amatrice earthquake. We perform a series of pseudoprospective experiments by producing seven classes of Coulomb rate‐state (CRS) forecasts with gradual increase in data input quality and model complexity. Our goal is to investigate the influence of data quality on the predictive power of physics‐based models and to assess the comparative performance of the forecasts in critical time windows, such as the period following the 26 October Visso earthquakes leading to the 30 OctoberMw= 6.5 Norcia mainshock. We find that (1) the spatiotemporal performance of the basic CRS models is poor and progressively improves as more refined data are used, (2) CRS forecasts are about as informative as ETAS when secondary triggering effects fromM3+ earthquakes are included together with spatially variable slip models, spatially heterogeneous receiver faults, and optimized rate‐and‐state parameters. After the Visso earthquakes, the more elaborate CRS model outperforms ETAS highlighting the importance of the static stress transfer for operational earthquake forecasting.