bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die „Pippinische Schenkung“ Neue Lösungsansätze für ein altes Problem
Authors: Scholz Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Es zeigt sich, dass die ältere Forschung die „Pippinische Schenkung“ zu einseitig von dem Text der Vita Hadriani her interpretierte und vor allem die Bedeutung der byzantinischen Politik in Italien viel zu wenig berücksichtigte. Das Versprechen Pippins stellt sich somit nicht mehr als ein Entgegenkommen des fränkischen Herrschers gegenüber dem Papst dar, sondern als das Ergebnis komplizierter Verhandlungen, die zunächst unter Beteiligung der Langobarden und dann ohne die Langobarden zwischen Byzanz, dem Papsttum und den Franken geführt wurden. Als Pippin sich 753 mit Papst Stephan II. in Ponthion traf, hat er aufgrund dieser Verhandlungen versprochen, dem Papst einzelne Territorien, Städte und Patrimonien zu restituieren, die zuvor von den Langobarden erobert worden waren. Darüber hinaus versprach er ihm Teile des Exarchats von Ravenna als Ersatz der an Byzanz übergegangenen päpstlichen Patrimonien in Süditalien und Sizilien. Aus päpstlicher Perspektive ist es im Hinblick auf den Exarchat somit auch nachvollziehbar, wenn von einer Schenkung gesprochen wird. Der Papst hatte auf dieses Gebiet keinen Anspruch, und Pippin versprach ihm die fraglichen Gebiete in Abstimmung mit Byzanz unter dem Vorbehalt, dass er auch tatsächlich darüber verfügen konnte. Damit ergibt sich ein neues Bild der päpstlich-fränkischen Beziehungen zu dieser Zeit, in denen Byzanz eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielte. Auch trübten der Bilderstreit in Byzanz und die Beschlüsse des ikonoklastischen Konzils von Hiereia 754 das Verhältnis zwischen dem Papsttum und Byzanz zu dieser Zeit offenbar nicht, da man in Rom erst 769 auf das Konzil mit einer Synode reagierte. Die Erneuerung der Schenkung, die Karl der Große 774 in Rom vornahm, erfolgte ohne erneute Absprache mit Byzanz und enthielt gegenüber der Urkunde Pippins Zusätze. Die Zusage für die Restitution von Gebieten in den Herzogtümern Spoleto und Benevent kam erst jetzt hinzu. Die Wiedergabe des Urkundeninhalts in der Vita Hadriani verschleiert die Gegebenheiten jedoch, da sie die Trennung zwischen der Übertragung eines vollständigen Gebiets und der Übertragung einzelner Territorien, Städte und Patrimonien innerhalb dieses Gebiets bewusst nivelliert.
Toeplitz matrices whose elements are coefficients of Bazilevič functions
Authors: Radhika Varadharajan , Jahangiri Jay M. , Sivasubramanian Srikandan , Murugusundaramoorthy Gangadharan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe consider the Toeplitz matrices whose elements are the coefficients of Bazilevič functions and obtain upper bounds for the first four determinants of these Toeplitz matrices. The results presented here are new and noble and the only prior compatible results are the recent publications by Thomas and Halim [1] for the classes of starlike and close-to-convex functions and Radhika et al. [2] for the class of functions with bounded boundary rotation.
On-chip optical parity checker using silicon photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Liu Zilong , Wu Xiaosuo , Xiao Huifu , Han Xu , Chen Wenping , Liao Miaomiao , Zhao Ting , Jia Hao , Yang Jianhong , Tian Yonghui 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The optical parity checker plays an important role in error detection and correction for high-speed, large-capacity, complex digital optical communication networks, which can be employed to detect and correct the error bits by using a specific coding theory such as introducing error-detecting and correcting codes in communication channels. In this paper, we report an integrated silicon photonic circuit that is capable of implementing the parity checking for binary string with an arbitrary number of bits. The proposed parity checker consisting of parallel cascaded N micro-ring resonators (MRRs) is based on directed logic scheme, which means that the operands applied to MRRs to control the switching states of the MRRs are electrical signals, the operation signals are optical signals, and the final operation results are obtained at the output ports in the form of light. A 3-bit parity checker with an operation speed of 10 kbps, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform using a standard commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, was experimentally and successfully demonstrated.
Crystal structure of 1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid – 4,4′-bipyridine (2/1), C14H11N2O2
Authors: Linxin Deng , Xinya Kuang , Huarong Yang , Song Li 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
C14H11N2O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.8749(6) Å, b = 9.6746(6) Å, c = 16.0818(12) Å, α = 78.200(6)°, β = 83.007(6)°, γ = 85.035(6)°, V = 1188.00(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0638, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1712, T = 295.42(10) K.
CPW-fed circularly-polarized antenna array with high front-to-back ratio and low-profile
Authors: Liu Yilin , Huang Kama 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A novel design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed antenna array with circular polarization (CP) and a high front-to-back ratio is described. The proposed CP array is achieved by using a compact CPW–slotline transition network etched in the ground plane. The measured results show that this kind of feeding method can improve the impedance bandwidth, as well as the axial ratio bandwidth of the CP antenna array and provide adequate gain. The proposed array can achieve a 6.08% impedance bandwidth and a 4.10% CP bandwidth. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Does validation and alliance during the multimodal investigation affect patients’ acceptance of chronic pain? An experimental single case study
Authors: Svanberg Mikael , Johansson Ann-Christin , Boersma Katja 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
Among chronic pain patients who are referred to participation in a multimodal rehabilitation program (MMRP), pain catastrophizing and dysfunctional pain coping is common. In many cases it may have driven the patient to a range of unsuccessful searches for biomedical explanations and pain relief. Often these efforts have left patients feeling disappointed, hopeless and misunderstood. The MMRP process can be preceded by a multimodal investigation (MMI) where an important effort is to validate the patient to create a good alliance and begin a process of change towards acceptance of the pain. However, whether the MMI has such therapeutic effect is unclear. Using a repeated single case experimental design, the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of MMI by studying changes in patients’ experience of validation, alliance, acceptance of pain, coping, catastrophizing, and depression before and during the MMI process.

Methods
Participants were six chronic pain patients with high levels of pain catastrophizing (>25 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and risk for long term disability (>105 on the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire) who were subjected to MMI before planned MMRP. For each patient, weekly self-report measures of validation, alliance and acceptance of pain were obtained during a 5–10-weeks baseline, before the MMI started. Subsequently, these measures were also obtained during a 6–8 weeks MMI process in order to enable comparative analyses. Additionally, pain coping, depression and pain catastrophizing were measured using standardized questionnaires before and after the MMI.

Results
Irrespective of experiences of validation and alliance before MMI, all six patients felt validated and experienced a good alliance during MMI. Acceptance of pain improved only in one patient during MMI. None of the patients showed clinically relevant improvement in pain coping, depression or catastrophizing after the MMI.

Conclusions
The patients did not change their acceptance and pain coping strategies despite of good alliance and experience of validation during the MMI process. Even if the design of this study precludes generalization to chronic pain patients in general, the results suggest that MMI may not have a therapeutic effect.
Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Behavior of SBR-Modified Bitumen Emulsions
Authors: Abedini Mohammad , Hassani Abolfazl , Kaymanesh Mahmoud Reza , Yousefi Ali Akbar , Abedini Hossein 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The effect of two grades of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt. % on the deformation behavior of cationic polymer-modified bitumen emulsion by a multiple stress creep and recovery test at three different temperatures (58°C, 68°C, and 78°C) was investigated. It was observed that increasing SBR latex content leads to a decrease in nonrecoverable creep compliance (Jnr) of the bituminous residue, whereas increasing temperature leads to an increase in Jnr. The results also revealed that reduction in Jnr is not remarkable for polymer content higher than 6 wt. %. Furthermore, comparing the effect of different SBRs revealed that at equal polymer content, the Jnr of SBR-modified bitumen emulsion residue was found to be twice that of a branched carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (X-SBR)–modified one. At the same polymer modification rate and temperature, X-SBR can be used for higher traffic levels compared to an SBR-modified bitumen emulsion.
Стратегії втілення індивідуального стилю навчання в руслі розвитку англомовної лексичної компетенції учнів
Authors: Yehorova Olesia , Bila Oleksandra 
Published: October 2018

Стаття фокусує увагу на особливостях стилю навчання ВАК як однієї з моделей індивідуально-орієнтованої освіти. Враховуючи потребу застосування нового іноваційного підходу в освітній сфері України, стаття висвітлює переваги втілення індивідуальної моделі ВАК під час аудиторної роботи та надає детальний аналіз трьох типів учнів, що виокремлюються у межах запропонованої моделі – аудіалів, візуалів та кінестетів.
Лексична компетенція розглядається як необхідна запорука успішного оволодіння іноземною мовою, особливо для розвитку таких навичок як письмо та говоріння. Враховуючи важливість розвитку іншомовної лексичної компетенції у школах, у статті пропонуються практичні стратегії, техніки та засоби імплементації моделі ВАК у загальноосвітній навчальний процес з метою розвитку лексичних навичок учня. На основі результатів експериментального втілення моделі ВАК у процес навчання, у поданому дослідженні надано практичні рекомендації щодо організації навчального процесу з урахуванням психофізіологічних особливостей кожного типу учнів.
Запропоновані стратегії та техніки ВАК розроблено з урахуванням усіх етапів роботи над лексичним матеріалом. На етапі семантизації нових лексичних одиниць особливу увагу зосереджено на на засобах семантизацї через переклад та без нього. Окрім цього, пропонуються можливі модифікації технік ВАК з метою залучення до навчального процесу декількох типів учнів одночасно та спрощення загального процесу оволодіння новими лексичними одиницями.
Гаазька конвенція: усиновлення іноземцями дітей, які є громадянами України в реаліях та перспективах
Authors: Shupiana Mariana 
Published: October 2018

У статті визначено права дитини на сімейне виховання, які порушені в умовах збройного конфлікту, внаслідок якого підвищився ризик зростання сирітства; розглядається проблема усиновлення іноземцями дітей, які являються громадянами України; обґрунтовано плюси та мінуси такого усиновлення; проаналізовано Гаазьку Конвенцію “Про захист дітей та співробітництво з питань міждержавного усиновлення”, як альтернативу вирішення нагальних питань щодо дітей-сиріт; окреслено основні її цілі та перспективи для дітей означеної категорії.
Ensayo exploratorio de métodos e interacciones de elementos en la aplicación de fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz
Authors: Caceros O. A. , González P. , Hidalgo I , Moscoso B. , Raun W. R. 
Published: October 2018

Soil fertility studies have been conducted on the southern coastal plain of Guatemala for several years without showing significant response to phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer applications. In 1987, various exploratory trials were established to evaluate various methods of application for phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen. Nitrogen sources evaluated were ammonium sulfate and urea. Beef manure was also evaluated in combination with ammonium sulfate. Various other N (as urea), P, S combinations were Included in this trial using CaSO4 as the S source. Banding phosphorus and nitrogen together especially ammonium sulfate with triple superphosphateprovided excellent response across locations. Due to the pH reduction within the NP band, H2PO4 availability at lower pH is Increased as has been demonstrated by others. Ammonium sulfate was by far a better N source compared to urea when applied alone and as such an S response was considered probable in 2 or the five locations. Gypsum applications were evaluated both as a source of sulfur and as an alternative to improving P availability by applying this source with triple superphosphate in a joint band. It was expected that the reaction products from applying gypsum and P together increase the P availability since the precipitated products (hypothesized, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and dicalcium phosphate) would not be fixed and as such slowly available at low pH. Also If by combining triple superphosphate and gypsum in a joint hand, precipitation products DCIP and DCPD would reduce the amount of fertilizer P complexed with Fe and Al hydroxides and or allophane. Antagonistic Interactions were found between S and P which suggests that fertilizer P applications could induce S deficiencies (where S was not applied) since P may be replacing SO4 on the exchange complex of soils thought to have high anion exchange capacities and/or significant amounts of adsorbed SO4.
Efecto del método de envejecimiento artificial sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz
Authors: Rincón Froylan , Molina Juan 
Published: October 2018

Some of the recommended tests to evaluate physiological quality of seed with increased accuracy cannot be commonly practiced due to the high costs of equipment From the selection of seed obtained at the “Centro de Genética del Colegio de Postgraduados in Montecillo, México”, various laboratory trials were conducted to obtain higher precision and economic efficiency that would allow for artificial ageing tests. Maize seed from the open pollinated variety “Huamantla” with 91 % germination was placed over a wire mesh in metal pots, glass jars and plastic boxes of various sizes. Distilled water was added to each of these containers leaving an open space between the water and the seeds. The air tight containers were placed In both a drying oven and a germination chamber, calibrated to 42+/- 1C for 96 hours. The Interior environment was assumed to approach high levels of relative humidity (85-100%). The results demonstrated a lowering of germination from 1 to 82% depending on treatment. In this sense the plastic box treatment (9.5 x 8.0 x 4.5 cm) placed in the germinator was more efficient with a reduction in germination of 82% and the metal pot placed In the drying oven resulted In being less efficient (1 to 5%) respectively. It was also observed that seeds placed in the plastic boxes absorbed more moisture than the metal boxes which explains the Increased deterioration found for the latter.
Valor nutritivo de la pulpa de café sometida a fermentación sólida usando Aspergillus niger en pollos y cerdos
Authors: Molina Mario , Lechuga Otto Raúl , Bressani Ricardo 
Published: October 2018

Coffee pulp was subjected to a solid-state fermentation process using Aspergillus niger, an Initial moisture content of 80%, pH 3.5,35°C and adding 2.5% commercial urea and 2.0% commercial dicalcium phosphate, for a total of 48 h. The sundried fermented material proved to have a significantly (P<0.05) lower polyphenolic, caffeine and fiber content than the original sun-dried coffee pulp. Further, the true protein content of the fermented material (18%) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the original material (5%). When the pulp was included at a 5, 10 and 15% levels In growing chicken rations It was found that after six weeks the ration containing 15% of the fermented pulp presented a weight gain (1.43 kg) and a feed efficiency (2.20) significantly equal to the control ration (without pulp) and better (P<0.05) than the ration containing the sundried, unfermented pulp at 15 % (1.19 kg and 2.55, respectively). In the case of growing swine fed with rations containing either fermented or unfermented pulp at 20% level for 8 weeks the results were similar to those obtained In the chicken experiment. It is concluded that solid-state fermentation represents a viable technological alternative to improve the nutritional value of coffee pulp.
Agunas reflexiones sobre el PCCMCA
Authors: Wellhausen Edwin J. 
Published: October 2018

As I look back over the 35 years of development of the PCCMCA, its success and accomplishments have definitely been a real source of satisfaction to me and I believe to all participants. The mere fact that it is going stronger than ever after 35 years of operation is in itself a highly significant sign of its success. The PCCMCA not only sparked the modem developments of agricultural production in Central America and Panama, but it also ranks high as one of the successful operational models in the agricultural revolution of the Third World. Regional maize programs in the Andean Zone and Southeast Asia were soon patterned after it. Even more impressive, it provided a basic pattern for a whole series of interacting collaborative regional research programs widely promoted by the International Research Centers around the world. This is something of which the Central American agricultural and development workers can be proud. As a matter of fact, all participants can feel doubly proud because in the development of this highly successful approach they had no precedent to follow. They relied on enthusiasm, common sense and hard work. They were generous with their certificates of recognition for all those who helped, regardless of nationality or institutional affiliations both from within and outside the region.¿HOW DID IT ALL GET STARTED?It all got started when seven people met in Turrialba in 1954 (one representative from each of the six middle American countries and a representative of the “Oficina de Estudios Especiales”, OEE, in México) to talk about the possibilities of starting a Central American Cooperative Maize Improvement program.
Evaluación de híbridos triliniales de maíz (Zea mays L.) en 6 ambientes de Centroamérica y El Caribe, 1989
Authors: Pérez Carlos , Soto Nery , Alvarado Alfonso , Aguiluz Adán , Celado Ramón , Jiménez Kenneth , Córdova Hugo 
Published: October 2018

Genotype by environment interactions may modify the responseof a given cultivar acrossseveral environments. Farmer continually demand newmaize bybrids wbich respond consistently well to all production environments. With the objective of capitalizing tbe existent genetic potential in the elite lines of CIMMYT's maize hybrid program in Mexico, a collaborative bybrid project was establisbed in Central America and the, Caribbean region, where testers used are the single crosses that' are serve as females in the production of commercial hybrids by National Programs in the region. In 1988, twelve wbite and yelIow three way cross (TWC) grain hybrids were identified that had better performance across' the region and by country. In 1989, these hybrids were evaluated in uniform trials at seven locations in Central America and the Dominican Republic todetermlne tbe yield potential and adaptation of the new hybrids in maize producing areasof the region. Stability analysis was performed using the Finlay and Wilkinson model to identified the response oftbese different cultivars to the diverse environments tested. The combined analysls of 6 sites sbowed bigbly significant differences among cultivars and a significantcultivar by location interaction. The bybrid 3003x3176 (white grain) had the bigbest yield of 5.5 t/ha, representing a 37% increase over that of tbe local check, H-27. This hybrid also had the highest yield at all locations which appears to indicate a consistent response across the environments evaluated. Through this colIaborative project superior hybrids have been identified, and Panama, Costa Rica and El Salvador have commenced commercial production of certified hybrid seed. These results prove that sustainable progress can be obtained in the production of hybrids with the use of a comprehensive and dynamic system.
Estimación de varianzas genéticas en maíz a partir de líneas S1 y S2
Authors: Navarro Félix V. , Youngquis Wayne C. , Compton William 
Published: October 2018

The analysis of lines S-l and S-2 and the regression of the measurements of the S-2 on their corresponding S-l were used to estimate the existing genetic variability in a Nebraska Stiff Stalk Synthetic (NSS) corn population at two localities, Mead and Lincoln, Nebraska-USA. A significant genetic variability was found in NSS for grain yield, days to blooming, ear and plant height, grain humidity and lodging percentage. The S-2 lines showed more frequent interaction of genotypes x environment than their S-l. In the wide sense, the heritability for the yield calculated by the analysis of variance of S-2 lines was larger than the one based on the regression of the S-2 on S-l (60 and 42%, respectively). Eight models, originated from Cockerham (1983), were used to identify the existing types of genetic variabilities. The inverse matrix method was used to estimate the parameters of genetic variability when the used co-variances gave a non-singular square matrix. The generalized inverse method o Moore-Penrose was used when the models showed a rectangular matrix. Usually, the best model was the one which estimated the additive variance only. Often times, no consistent covariance estimates were obtained among additive and dominant homocygotic (D-1) effects. For it, we could not infer to what the S-l family selection effect could be on the behavior of the resulting line crosses. The expected genetic gain per selection cycle for yield of S-2 families was 11.4%.
Negro Cotaxtla-91, nueva variedad de frijol para las zonas tropicales de Veracruz
Authors: López S. Ernesto , Rodríguez R. J. Raúl , Becerra L. Enrique Noé , Cano R. Octavio 
Published: October 2018

The most common black seeds employed by the farmers in Veracruz state are the small and dull black seed varieties. By the end of 1991, a new black bean seed variety was released for the tropical region, the black bean Cotaxtla-91. This variety had an average yield of 1477 kg/ha, compared with Jamapa and Negro Huasteco-81 varieties, which yielded 1252 and 1307 kg/ha respectively. These results were obtained from 1987 to 1990, as a result of 14 uniform field trials. The black bean, Cotaxtla-91, was bred at the Cotaxtla Experimental Station in 1983; obtained from a simple two line cross, the D- 149 by 1397. It was later improved by means of individual and mass selection procedures until a good uniformity, high yield and wide range of adaptabilily was obtained. This new variety has an undeterminated growth habit, a bush type plant with intermediate shoots and height fluctuating from 75 to 82 cm. The flowering starts around the 43th day and the harvesting period varies from 90-93 days after planting; this new variety is resistant to rust and shows tolerance to the presence of bean golde n mosaic virus (BGMV).