bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilatant Behavior of Systems with the Thixotropic Agent Aerosil 380 in the Epoxy Resin Araldite GY260
Authors: Hadjistamov Dimiter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Model suspension with Aerosil 380 in epoxy resin Araldite GY260 and Aerosil 380 in silicone oil M20000 are compared. The systems with 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% Aerosil 380 in Araldite GY260 show shear thickening flow behavior. A shear induced hydrodynamic force effects at the onset of shear thickening a disorder of the well ordered movement of the Areosil particles in layers. The Areosil particles build-up a pseudo-mixture that lead to a sudden development of a three dimensional structure, i.e. to viscosity incerease. One can assume that the shear thickening can be explained with an order-to-disorder transition. The viscosity increase of the shear thickening region is limited – It can reach topmost the plastic viscosity curve that has to be expected from the beginning. The dilatant system begins in the third straight line section to coincide the viscosity curve of the expected plastic system for the subsequent thixotropic agent concentration.
Unbundling Production with Decreasing Average Costs
Authors: Carbonell-Nicolau Oriol 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper argues that, even in the presence of decreasing average costs of production, monopolies can sometimes be avoided in the interest of market efficiency. It is shown that under certain conditions on the variable cost of production, there is an alternate, viable market structure that reduces the well-known deadweight loss of monopoly: an “upstream” market in which one or more firms own and share the fixed cost of creating and maintaining a distribution network, and a “downstream” market populated by a large number of firms that are charged a unit price for the network’s usage.
ESLMT: a new clustering method for biomedical document retrieval
Authors: Keyvanpour MohammadReza , Serpush Fatemeh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
MEDLINE is a rapidly growing database; to utilize this resource, practitioners and biomedical researchers have dealt with tedious and time-consuming tasks such as discovering, searching, reading and evaluating of biomedical documents. However, making a label for a group of biomedical documents is expensive and needs a complicated operation. Otherwise, compound words, polysemous and synonymous problems can influence the search in MEDLINE. Therefore, designing an efficient way of sharing knowledge and information organization is essential so that information retrieval systems can provide ideal outcomes. For this purpose, different strategies are used in the retrieval of biomedical documents (RBD). However, still a number of unrelated results for the users’ query are obtained in the RBD process. Studies have shown that well-defined clusters in the retrieval system exhibit a more efficient performance in contrast to the document-based retrieval. Accordingly, the present study proposes the Expanding Statistical Language Modeling and Thesaurus (ESLMT) for clustering and retrieving biomedical documents. The results showed that Clustering with ESLM Similarity and Thesaurus (CESLMST) in all those criteria in this study have a higher value than the other compared methods. The results indicated that the mean average precision (MAP) has improved in the Clusters’ Retrieval Derived from ESLM Similarity-Query (CRDESLMS-QET) method in comparison to the previous methods with the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) data set.
Application of deep learning techniques for determining the spatial extent and classification of seagrass beds, Trang, Thailand
Authors: Yamakita Takehisa , Sodeyama Fumiaki , Whanpetch Napakhwan , Watanabe Kentaro , Nakaoka Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Few studies have investigated the long-term temporal dynamics of seagrass beds, especially in Southeast Asia. Remote sensing is one of the best methods for observing these dynamic patterns, and the advent of deep learning technology has led to recent advances in this method. This study examined the feasibility of applying image classification methods to supervised classification and deep learning methods for monitoring seagrass beds. The study site was a relatively natural seagrass bed in Hat Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Thailand, for which aerial photographs from the 1970s were available. Although we achieved low accuracy in differentiating among various densities of vegetation coverage, classification related to the presence of seagrass was possible with an accuracy of 80% or more using both classification methods. Automatic classification of benthic cover using deep learning provided similar or better accuracy than that of the other methods even when grayscale images were used. The results also demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the temporal dynamics of an entire seagrass area, as well as variations within sub-regions, located in close proximity to a river mouth.
Seaweed resources in India – current status of diversity and cultivation: prospects and challenges
Authors: Ganesan Meenakshisundaram , Trivedi Nitin , Gupta Vishal , Madhav S. Venu , Radhakrishna Reddy Chennur , Levine Ira A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Seaweeds are an integral part of coastal ecosystems and offer invaluable ecosystem services supporting the life of many marine forms. The economic value of seaweeds significantly contributes to the sustainable development of rural coastal regions. Seaweeds are consumed as food in some Asian countries, but their utilization for production of phycocolloids is widespread across the globe, with an estimated value of more than one billion US$. In India, seaweeds have been utilized exclusively for the production of phycocolloids but recently they are used for the production of plant growth stimulants for agricultural applications. The domestic agar and alginate industry totally depends on the supplies from natural seaweed beds with some occasional imports. The recent success achieved in both upstream and downstream technologies in production and processing of seaweeds has boosted the prospects for commercialization of seaweed resources in the country. The present article briefly appraises the current status of Indian seaweed resources and their utilization, as well as developments in seaweed farming technologies, the status of seaweed industry and recent efforts to transform seaweed farming into a social enterprise. It also highlights the challenges encountered for mainstreaming these resources so as to evolve into a marine industry.
Copeptin – a biomarker of short-term mortality risk (7 days) in patients with end-stage liver disease
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Remmler Johannes , Netto Jeffrey , Seehofer Daniel , Engelmann Cornelius , Berg Thomas , Thiery Joachim , Kaiser Thorsten 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
For many patients with end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation represents the only curative therapy. Transplant recipients are scored and ranked using the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD/MELD-Na). Circulatory impairment is known to deteriorate outcomes; however, it is not incorporated into the current allocation system’s score. The aim of our study is to analyze the predictive value of copeptin as a biomarker of circulatory impairment and increased short-term mortality risk in patients with end-stage liver disease.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of 615 patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients were recruited using assessments performed during the evaluation process for liver transplantation. Copeptin values were analyzed in comparison to MELD-Na, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results
Elevated levels of copeptin, IL-6 and CRP, as well as high MELD-Na scores, were significantly correlated with mortality. In a comparison of copeptin-tertiles, patients in group T3 (16.3 pmol/L or more) showed a significantly higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 11.2, p < 0.001). After adjusting for MELD-Na, copeptin remains an independent predictor of mortality. It shows its greatest prognostic strength in short-term mortality, where it performs comparable to MELD-Na (AUROC for 7 day-mortality, 0.941/0.939; p = 0.981) and shows an additional predictive value to MELD-Na for short-term mortality (7 days, p: 0.046; 30 days, p: 0.006).

Conclusions
Copeptin presents a valuable individual biomarker in detecting patients at risk for short-term mortality. Further studies should be performed to confirm our findings.
Toward an optimal code for communication: The case of scientific English
Authors: Degaetano-Ortlieb Stefania , Teich Elke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a model of the linguistic development of scientific English from the mid-seventeenth to the late-nineteenth century, a period that witnessed significant political and social changes, including the evolution of modern science. There is a wealth of descriptive accounts of scientific English, both from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective, but only few attempts at a unified explanation of its evolution. The explanation we offer here is a communicative one: while external pressures (specialization, diversification) push for an increase in expressivity, communicative concerns pull toward convergence on particular options (conventionalization). What emerges over time is a code which is optimized for written, specialist communication, relying on specific linguistic means to modulate information content. As we show, this is achieved by the systematic interplay between lexis and grammar. The corpora we employ are the Royal Society Corpus (RSC) and for comparative purposes, the Corpus of Late Modern English (CLMET). We build various diachronic, computational n-gram language models of these corpora and then apply formal measures of information content (here: relative entropy and surprisal) to detect the linguistic features significantly contributing to diachronic change, estimate the (changing) level of information of features and capture the time course of change.
Adaptive Strategies for Transport Equations
Authors: Dahmen Wolfgang , Stevenson Rob P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a posteriori error bounds for linear transport equations and related questions of contriving corresponding adaptive solution strategies in the context of Discontinuous Petrov Galerkin schemes. After indicating our motivation for this investigation in a wider context the first major part of the paper is devoted to the derivation and analysis of a posteriori error bounds that, under mild conditions on variable convection fields, are efficient and, modulo a data-oscillation term, reliable. In particular, it is shown that these error estimators are computed at a cost that stays uniformly proportional to the problem size. The remaining part of the paper is then concerned with the question whether typical bulk criteria known from adaptive strategies for elliptic problems entail a fixed error reduction rate also in the context of transport equations. This turns out to be significantly more difficult than for elliptic problems and at this point we can give a complete affirmative answer for a single spatial dimension. For the general multidimensional case we provide partial results which we find of interest in their own right. An essential distinction from known concepts is that global arguments enter the issue of error reduction. An important ingredient of the underlying analysis, which is perhaps interesting in its own right, is to relate the derived error indicators to the residuals that naturally arise in related least squares formulations. This reveals a close interrelation between both settings regarding error reduction in the context of adaptive refinements.
Homological dimension of elementary amenable groups
Authors: Kropholler Peter H. , Martínez-Pérez Conchita 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we prove that the homological dimension of an elementary amenable group over an arbitrary commutative coefficient ring is either infinite or equal to the Hirsch length of the group. Established theory gives simple group theoretical criteria for finiteness of homological dimension and so we can infer complete information about this invariant for elementary amenable groups. Stammbach proved the special case of solvable groups over coefficient fields of characteristic zero in an important paper dating from 1970.
A universal enveloping algebra for cocommutative rack bialgebras
Authors: Krähmer Ulrich , Wagemann Friedrich 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We construct a bialgebra object in the category of linear maps

ℒ
⁢
ℳ

{\mathcal{LM}}

from a cocommutative rack bialgebra.
The construction does extend to some non-cocommutative rack bialgberas, as is illustrated by a concrete example.
As a separate result, we show that the Loday complex with adjoint coefficients embeds into the rack bialgebra deformation complex for the rack bialgebra defined by a Leibniz algebra.
Comparison and continuity of Wick-type star products on certain coadjoint orbits
Authors: Esposito Chiara , Schmitt Philipp , Waldmann Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss continuity properties of the Wick-type star product on the 2-sphere, interpreted as a coadjoint orbit.
Star products on coadjoint orbits in general have been constructed by different techniques.
We compare the constructions of Alekseev–Lachowska and Karabegov, and we prove that they agree in general.
In the case of the 2-sphere, we establish the continuity of the star product, thereby allowing for a completion to a Fréchet algebra.
Differentiability of the evolution map and Mackey continuity
Authors: Hanusch Maximilian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe solve the differentiability problem for the evolution map in Milnor’s infinite-dimensional setting. We first show that the evolution map of eachCk{C^{k}}-semiregular Lie groupG(fork∈ℕ⊔{lip,∞}{k\in\mathbb{N}\sqcup\{\mathrm{lip},\infty\}}) admits a particular kind of sequentially continuity – called Mackey k-continuity. We then prove that this continuity property is strong enough to ensure differentiability of the evolution map. In particular, this drops any continuity presumptions made in this context so far. Remarkably, Mackey k-continuity arises directly from the regularity problem itself, which makes it particular among the continuity conditions traditionally considered. As an application of the introduced notions, we discuss the strong Trotter property in the sequentially and the Mackey continuous context. We furthermore conclude that if the Lie algebra ofGis a Fréchet space, thenGisCk{C^{k}}-semiregular (fork∈ℕ⊔{∞}{k\in\mathbb{N}\sqcup\{\infty\}}) if and only ifGisCk{C^{k}}-regular.
A construction of residues of Eisenstein series and related
square-integrable classes in the cohomology of arithmetic groups of low k-rank
Authors: Grbac Neven , Schwermer Joachim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The cohomology of an arithmetic congruence subgroup
of a connected reductive algebraic group defined
over a number field is captured in the
automorphic cohomology of that group.
The residual Eisenstein cohomology is by definition the part of the
automorphic cohomology represented by square-integrable
residues of Eisenstein series. The existence of
residual Eisenstein cohomology classes depends on
a subtle combination of geometric conditions (coming
from cohomological reasons) and arithmetic conditions
in terms of analytic properties of automorphic
L-functions (coming from the study of poles
of Eisenstein series). Hence,
there are almost no
unconditional results in the literature regarding the very existence
of non-trivial residual Eisenstein cohomology classes. In this
paper, we show the existence of certain non-trivial residual
cohomology classes in the case of the split symplectic,
and odd and even special orthogonal groups of rank
two, as well as the exceptional group of type

G
2

{\mathrm{G}_{2}}

,
defined over a totally real number field.
The construction of cuspidal automorphic representations of

GL
2

{\mathrm{GL}_{2}}

with
prescribed local and global properties is decisive in this context.
Accessibility on iterated function systems
Authors: Mohtashamipour Maliheh , Zamani Bahabadi Alireza 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we define accessibility on an iterated function system (IFS) and show that it provides a sufficient condition for the transitivity of this system and its corresponding skew product.
Then, by means of a certain tool, we obtain the topologically mixing property.
We also give some results about the ergodicity and stability of accessibility and, further, illustrate accessibility by some examples.
“The most sacred society (thiasos) of the Pythagoreans:” philosophers forming associations
Authors: Harland Philip A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScholarly use of the label “school” to describe groups of philosophers has sometimes led to a neglect of the ways in which such gatherings of philosophers could function as unofficial associations of recognizable types (e. g. “societies,” θίασοι). Concerns to distance supposedly “secular” philosophers from any “religious” connection have fed into this image of the philosophical “school,” diverting attention away from other important dimensions of associative life among philosophers and other literate professionals (e. g. physicians), including involvement in honours for the gods and in commensal activities. Epigraphic evidence helps to elucidate the broader associative context. The fact that some philosophers formed associations has implications for adjacent fields, such as Christian origins, where there is a tendency to ask whether groups of Jesus followers were socially analogous to a Judean synagogue, an association, or a philosophical school, as though these were distinct options rather than overlapping social phenomena. Such associations of relatively literate people were among the few in antiquity that can also be described using the scholarly category of “reading communities.”
Interpreting Funerary Inscriptions from the City of Rome
Authors: McInerney Jeremy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe thousands of funerary inscriptions from the city of Rome published inCILVI are a rich source of demographic data but are also the subject of serious debate regarding the epigraphic habit of the Romans. Do the inscriptions represent a cross-section of Roman society or are they largely the creation of the lower classes? Fixing the milieu from which the inscriptions come is difficult, because the exact status of more than 50 % of the commemorating population is unstated. The first section of the paper lays out the criteria according to which individuals, both those of certain status and those of uncertain status, may be classified as freeborn, freed or servile. The second section tabulates the results and argues that the practice of commemoration by modesttituluswas overwhelmingly a phenomenon of the milieu of the freed. Since this is not a self-perpetuating population (the children of freedmen being freeborn), the prevalence of freedmen in thetitulishows it was among those families in transition from slavery to liberty that titular commemoration was most common. The freed drew attention to their own freedom, and even more proudly advertised the freeborn status of their children.
The New Drivers of Fear of Floating: Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Malagon Jonathan , Orbegozo Camila 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere exists a consensus in the literature that during the 90s the main reason for fear of floating in emerging economies was the excessive liabilities dollarization, both in private and public sectors, which resulted in central banks’ interventions over the exchange rate. The main objective of these interventions was preventing the negative balance sheet effects originated by currency depreciations. Latin America certainly fits in this description, as convincingly documented by Calvo and Reinhart (Calvo, Guillermo A., and Carmen M. Reinhart. 2002. “Fear of Floating.”Quarterly Journal of Economics117 (2): 379–408.). However, Latin American economies have reduced their debt in foreign currency since the early 2000s. Moreover, these economies extensively increased their amount of international reserves in the last decade and some of them – like Colombia and Mexico – have even reached the IMF’s flexible credit line, which operates as an international lender of last resort. All these changes – lower liability dollarization, higher international reserves, and new collaterals – suggest that the fear of devaluating in Latin America should be lower. Nevertheless, floating has not been the decision in terms of exchange rate policy. Conversely, most of Latin American countries that announced free floating opted for managed floating regimes and discretional interventions, in what can be considered as a new era of fear of floating. This paper finds empirical evidence that the main motivation for fear of floating has changed during the recent boom in commodity prices, 2005–2013, when foreign exchange interventions under flexible regimes were focused on avoiding excessive currency appreciations and apparently preventing Dutch disease.
Two Major Gaps in Global Governance: International Tax Cooperation and Sovereign Debt Crisis Resolution
Authors: Alonso José Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper focuses on two crucial issues that hinder the fiscal sovereignty of developing countries: the reduced level of international tax cooperation, and the lack of appropriate procedures for sovereign debt crisis resolution. The low level of international tax cooperation enables a “race to the bottom” in tax rates among countries, tax avoidance through profit-shifting activities by companies and tax evasion by individuals and companies, based on the existence of non-cooperative jurisdictions. In the last 5 years, the international community has made some improvements in this field, but the situation remains far from satisfactory. On the other hand, the current procedure for sovereign debt resolution, through negotiations at the Paris Club with the support of the IMF, is not only unfair, but also inefficient. The paper explores alternatives in both fields. Appropriate responses to these international problems would have to show benefits in terms of efficiency and welfare at the global level, and establish fundamentals for countries to take full advantage of their resources, which is a necessary condition for funding policies that will not leave (or push) any nation or social sector behind.
Dynamic Ad Hoc Social Networks in Improvised Intelligence/Counter-Intelligence Exercises: A Department of Homeland Security Red-Team Blue-Team Live-Action Roleplay
Authors: Myers Kellen , DeNegre Ashley , Gallos Lazaros , Lemanski Natalie , Mayberry Alexander , Redere Agnesa , Schwab Samantha , Stringham Oliver , Fefferman Nina H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We discuss a Red Team-Blue Team (RT-BT) study conducted to examine the formation and efficacy of social networks in self-organizing, ad hoc, or crowd-sourced intelligence and counter-intelligence operations in grassroots, improvised communities. Student volunteers were sorted into two teams: one team (Blue) was asked to find puzzle pieces using clues provided by the organizers, with the goal of reconstructing a message contained therein, while the opposing team (Red) was tasked with disrupting this process. While the Blue Team quickly organized into an efficient, centrally-governed structure, the Red Team instead adopted a decentralized, distributed operational network to hinder puzzle completion, using creative and diverse infiltration and disruption methods to interfere in the more centralized, hierarchical organization of their opponents. This exercise shows how untrained, unaffiliated individuals may self-organize into different types of social organizations to accomplish common tasks when aware of potential adversarial organizations, and how these choices may affect their efficacy in accomplishing collaborative clandestine goals.