bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s Disease: Exploring Motives for Long-Term Adherence to a Group Exercise Program
Authors: Cleary Ann Selena , Rossi Amerigo , States Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore why people with Parkinson’s disease maintained attendance at a community group exercise program.

Design
Qualitative design was used for this study.

Methods
A purposive sample was used to recruit participants. Interviews with individual and focus groups collected narrative data that were interpreted using content analysis.

Findings
Eighteen participants enrolled in the study. Four themes emerged: (1) changing and challenging workout; (2) gaining strength, inspiration, and knowledge and doing it among friends; (3) professionals, not amateurs; and (4) holistic lasting benefit.

Conclusions
For the participants in this study, exercising in a group among peers in an enjoyable, varied, and challenging program that was structured, socially supportive, and supervised provided incentive for maintaining attendance.

Clinical Relevance
Exercise is a life-long recommendation for everyone, including people with Parkinson’s disease, for whom maintaining attendance is more challenging. The words of these participants encourage healthcare providers to consider the relevance of socialization, supervision, and structure when developing exercise programs for this population.
The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) is a Novel Cost Assessment Tool for Surgical Procedures
Authors: Staiger Roxane D. , Cimino Matteo , Javed Ammar , Biondo Sebastiano , Fondevila Constantino , Périnel Julie , Aragão Ana Carolina , Torzilli Guido , Wolfgang Christopher , Adham Mustapha , Pinto-Marques Hugo , Dutkowski Philipp , Puhan Milo A. , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify a readily available, reproducible, and internationally applicable cost assessment tool for surgical procedures.

Summary of Background Data:
Strong economic pressure exists worldwide to slow down the rising of health care costs. Postoperative morbidity significantly impacts on cost in surgical patients. The comprehensive complication index (CCI®), reflecting overall postoperative morbidity, may therefore serve as a new marker for cost.

Methods:
Postoperative complications and total costs from a single tertiary center were prospectively collected (2014 to 2016) up to 3 months after surgery for a variety of abdominal procedures (n = 1388). CCI® was used to quantify overall postoperative morbidity. Pearson correlation coefficient (r
pears) was calculated for cost and CCI®. For cost prediction, a linear regression model based on CCI®, age, and type of surgery was developed and validated in an international cohort of patients.

Results:
We found a high correlation between CCI® and overall cost (r
pears = 0.75) with the strongest correlation for more complex procedures. The prediction model performed very well (R
2 = 0.82); each 10-point increase in CCI® corresponded to a 14% increase to the baseline cost. Additional 12% of baseline cost must be added for patients older than 50 years, or 24% for those over 70 years. The validation cohorts showed a good match of predicted and observed cost.

Conclusion:
Overall postoperative morbidity correlates highly with cost. The CCI® together with the type of surgery and patient age is a novel and reliable predictor of expenses in surgical patients. This finding may enable objective cost comparisons among centers, procedures, or over time obviating the need to look at complex country-specific cost calculations (
www.assessurgery.com
).
Caries Prevalence and Experience in Individuals with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Ma Mang Shin , Najirad Mohammadamin , Taqi Doaa , Retrouvey Jean-Marc , Tamimi Faleh , Dagdeviren Didem , Glorieux Francis , Lee Brendan , Sutton Vernon , Rauch Frank , Esfandiari Shahrokh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveDentinogenesis Imperfecta (DI) forms a group of dental abnormalities frequently found associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), a hereditary disease characterized by bone fragility. The objectives of this study was to quantify the caries experience among different OI-types and quantify how these values change due to DI.MethodsTo determine which clinical characteristics were associated with increased CPE in patients with OI, the adjusted DFT scores were used to account for frequent hypodontia, impacted teeth and retained teeth in OI population.ResultsThe stepwise regression analysis while controlling for all other variables demonstrated the presence of DI (OR 2.43; CI 1.37 to 4.32; p=0.002) as the significant independent predictor of CPE in the final model.ConclusionThis study found no evidence that CPE of OI subjects differs between the types of OI. The presence of DI when controlled for other factors was found to be the significant predictor of CPE.
ANKRD31 regulates spatiotemporal patterning of meiotic recombination initiation and ensures recombination between heterologous sex chromosomes in mice
Authors: Papanikos Frantzeskos , Clément Julie A.J. , Testa Erika , Ravindranathan Ramya , Grey Corinne , Dereli Ihsan , Bondarieva Anastasiia , Valerio-Cabrera Sarai , Stanzione Marcello , Schleiffer Alexander , Jansa Petr , Lustyk Diana , Jifeng Fei , Forejt Jiri , Barchi Marco , de Massy Bernard , Toth Attila 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOrderly segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires that crossovers form between homologous chromosomes by recombination. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination. We identify ANKRD31 as a critical component of complexes of DSB-promoting proteins which assemble on meiotic chromosome axes. Genome-wide, ANKRD31 deficiency causes delayed recombination initiation. In addition, loss of ANKRD31 alters DSB distribution owing to reduced selectivity for sites that normally attract DSBs. Strikingly, ANKRD31 deficiency also abolishes uniquely high rates of recombination that normally characterize pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of X and Y chromosomes. Consequently, sex chromosomes do not form crossovers leading to chromosome segregation failure in ANKRD31-deficient spermatocytes. These defects are accompanied by a genome-wide delay in assembling DSB-promoting proteins on axes and a loss of a specialized PAR-axis domain that is highly enriched for DSB-promoting proteins. Thus, we propose a model for spatiotemporal patterning of recombination by ANKRD31-dependent control of axis-associated complexes of DSB-promoting proteins.
Early genomic detection of the Cosmopolitan Genotype of Dengue Virus 2 in Angola, 2018
Authors: Hill Sarah C , Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto de , Granja Bernardo Gutierrez , Thézé Julien , Jandondo Domingos , Neto Zoraima , Mirandela Marinela , Sebastião Cruz dos Santos , Micolo Cândido Ana Luísa , Clemente Carina , Silva Sara Pereira da , Oliveira Túlio de , Pybus Oliver G , Faria Nuno R , Afonso Joana Morais 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe used portable genome sequencing to investigate reported dengue virus transmission in Angola. Our results reveal autochthonous transmission of dengue serotype 2 (Cosmopolitan genotype) in Jan 2018.
Regulation of arousal via on-line neurofeedback improves human performance in a demanding sensory-motor task
Authors: Faller J. , Cummings J. , Saproo S. , Sajda P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur state of arousal can significantly affect our ability to make optimal decisions, judgments, and actions in real-world dynamic environments. The Yerkes-Dodson law, which posits an inverse-U relationship between arousal and task performance, suggests that there is a state of arousal that is optimal for behavioral performance in a given task. Here we show that we can use on-line neurofeedback to shift an individual’s arousal toward this optimal state. Specifically, we use a brain computer interface (BCI) that uses information in the electroencephalogram (EEG) to generate a neurofeedback signal that dynamically adjusts an individual’s arousal state when they are engaged in a boundary avoidance task (BAT). The BAT is a demanding sensory-motor task paradigm that we implement as an aerial navigation task in virtual reality (VR), and which creates cognitive conditions that escalate arousal and quickly results in task failure — e.g. missing or crashing into the boundary. We demonstrate that task performance, measured as time and distance over which the subject can navigate before failure, is significantly increased when veridical neurofeedback is provided. Simultaneous measurements of pupil dilation and heart rate variability show that the neurofeedback indeed reduces arousal. Our work is the first demonstration of a BCI system that uses on-line neurofeedback to shift arousal state and increase task performance in accordance with the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Reversible block of cerebellar outflow reveals cortical circuitry for motor coordination
Authors: Nashef Abdulraheem , Cohen Oren , Harel Ran , Israel Zvi , Prut Yifat 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYCoordinated movements are achieved by selecting muscles and activating them at specific times. This process relies on intact cerebellar circuitry, as demonstrated by motor impairments triggered by cerebellar lesions. Based on anatomical connectivity and symptoms observed in cerebellar patients, we hypothesized that cerebellar dysfunction should disrupt the temporal patterns of motor cortical activity but not the selected motor plan. To test this hypothesis, we reversibly blocked cerebellar outflow in primates while monitoring motor behavior and neural activity. This manipulation replicated the impaired motor timing and coordination characteristic of cerebellar ataxia. We found extensive changes in motor cortical activity, including a loss of response transients at movement onset and a decoupling of task-related activity. Nonetheless, the spatial tuning of cells was unaffected and their early preparatory activity was mostly intact. These results indicate that the timing of actions, but not the selection of muscles, is regulated through cerebellar control of motor cortical activity.HIGHLIGHTSHigh frequency stimulation blocked cerebellar outflow and impaired motor behaviorResponse patterns and coordinated firing of CTC neurons were disruptedThe spatial tuning and early preparatory activity of neurons were unaffectedCerebellar control of local and global cortical synchrony supports motor timingIN BRIEFNashef et al. used high frequency stimulation to block cerebellar outflow. This manipulation impaired motor timing and coordination similarly to symptoms found in cerebellar patients. In parallel, the response patterns of cortical neurons and cell-to-cell synchronization were altered, yet spatial tuning was maintained. Motor timing and coordination are regulated by a dedicated cerebellar signal that organizes execution-related activity of a motor cortical subnetwork.
Chelation Therapy Using Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Shaw Jyoti , Chakraborty Ayan , Chatterjee Sanjoy , Bhattacharyya Maitreyee , Dasgupta Anjan Kr 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStatic magnetic field (SMF) is reported to mimic chelation agents. In thalassemia blood, SMF minimizes iron overloading effect. In such cells ROS level is reduced, in presence of moderate strength (70mT). Pilot study on transfusion dependent thalassemia, thalassemia carriers and normal red blood clearly indicate the differential effects of SMF on thalassemia, thalassemia carrier and normal cells. SMF also reduces ROS induced DNA damage in lymphocytes. A comparative study on the iron chelating drug deferasirox and SMF treated lymphocytes further confirm our main thesis. This non-invasive therapeutic regime for hemochromatosis may serve the dual purpose of treating, iron overloading and minimizing, cellular damage by lowering the ROS level.
The UCSC Repeat Browser allows discovery and visualization of evolutionary conflict across repeat families
Authors: Fernandes Jason D. , Zamudio-Hurtado Armando , Kent W. James , Haussler David , Salama Sofie R. , Haeussler Maximilian 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundNearly half the human genome consists of repeat elements, most of which are retrotransposons, and many of these sequences play important biological roles. However repeat elements pose several unique challenges to current bioinformatic analyses and visualization tools, as short repeat sequences can map to multiple genomic loci resulting in their misclassification and misinterpretation. In fact, sequence data mapping to repeat elements are often discarded from analysis pipelines. Therefore, there is a continued need for standardized tools and techniques to interpret genomic data of repeats.ResultsWe present the UCSC Repeat Browser, which consists of a complete set of human repeat reference sequences derived from the gold standard repeat database RepeatMasker. The UCSC Repeat Browser contains mapped annotations from the human genome to these references, and presents all of them as a comprehensive interface to facilitate work with repetitive elements. Furthermore, it provides processed tracks of multiple publicly available datasets of biological interest to the repeat community, including ChIP-SEQ datasets for KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins (KZNFs) – a family of proteins known to bind and repress certain classes of repeats. Here we show how the UCSC Repeat Browser in combination with these datasets, as well as RepeatMasker annotations in several non-human primates, can be used to trace the independent trajectories of species-specific evolutionary conflicts.ConclusionsThe UCSC Repeat Browser allows easy and intuitive visualization of genomic data on consensus repeat elements, circumventing the problem of multi-mapping, in which sequencing reads of repeat elements map to multiple locations on the human genome. By developing a reference consensus, multiple datasets and annotation tracks can easily be overlaid to reveal complex evolutionary histories of repeats in a single interactive window. Specifically, we use this approach to retrace the history of several primate specific LINE-1 families across apes, and discover several species-specific routes of evolution that correlate with the emergence and binding of KZNFs.
Neutools: A collection of bioinformatics web tools for neurogenomic analysis
Authors: Gao Fan , Cam Hugh P. , Tsai Li-Huei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith a large and growing number of neurogenomic data, from epigenetic, transcriptomic to proteomic data deposited to the public domains, visualization and mining of these data alongside one own data have become extremely useful for identifying potential genetic targets and/or biological pathways to further validate and characterize in model systems. Here, a series of easy-to-use web tools (Neutools) were developed using Shiny/R codes for neuroscientists to perform basic bioinformatics data analysis and visualization. Specifically, NeuVenn calculates and plots overlap statistics for multiple input gene sets; NeuGene and NeuChIP visualize gene expression data and histone ChIP-Seq data generated from brain related tissue and cell culture, respectively. NeuVar annotates human brain GWAS variants and epigenetic features based on user-specified genes and regions. Neutools are freely available resources for all academic users to use.
A Dual Controllability Analysis of Influenza Virus-Host Protein-Protein Interaction Networks for Antiviral Drug Target Discovery
Authors: Ackerman Emily E. , Alcorn John F. , Hase Takeshi , Shoemaker Jason E. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHost factors of influenza virus replication are often found in key topological positions within protein-protein interaction networks. This work explores how protein states can be manipulated through controllability analysis: the determination of the minimum manipulation needed to drive the cell system to any desired state. Here, we complete a two-part controllability analysis of two protein networks: a host network representing the healthy cell state and an influenza A virus-host network representing the infected cell state. This knowledge can be utilized to understand disease dynamics and isolate proteins for study as drug target candidates. Both topological and controllability analyses provide evidence of wide-reaching network effects stemming from the addition of viral-host protein interactions. Virus interacting and driver host proteins are significant both topologically and in controllability, therefore playing important roles in cell behavior during infection. 24 proteins are identified as holding regulatory roles specific to the infected cell by measures of topology, controllability, and functional role. These proteins are recommended for further study as potential antiviral drug targets.ImportanceSeasonal outbreaks of influenza A virus are a major cause of illness and death around the world each year, with a constant threat of pandemic infection. Even so, the FDA has only approved four treatments, two of which are unsuited for at risk groups such as children and those with breathing complications. This research aims to increase the efficiency of antiviral drug target discovery using existing protein-protein interaction data and network analysis methods. Controllability analyses identify key regulating host factors of the infected cell’s progression, findings which are supported by biological context. These results are beneficial to future studies of influenza virus, both experimental and computational.
Astrocytes in the mouse visual cortex reliably respond to visual stimulation
Authors: Sonoda Keita , Matsui Teppei , Bito Haruhiko , Ohki Kenichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAstrocytes are known to contact with a great number of synapses and may integrate sensory inputs. In the ferret primary visual cortex, astrocytes respond to a visual stimulus with a delay of several seconds with respect to the surrounding neurons. However, in the mouse visual cortex, it remains unclear whether astrocytes respond to visual stimulations. In this study, using dual-color simultaneous in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging of neurons and astrocytes in the awake mouse visual cortex, we examined the visual responsiveness of astrocytes and their precise response timing relative to the surrounding neurons. Neurons reliably responded to visual stimulations, whereas astrocytes often showed neuromodulator-mediated global activities, which largely masked small periodic activities. Administration of the selective α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin substantially reduced such global astrocytic activities without affecting the neuronal visual responses. In the presence of prazosin, astrocytes showed weak but consistent visual responses mostly at their somata. Cross-correlation analysis estimated that the astrocytic visual responses were delayed by approximately 5 s relative to the surrounding neuronal responses. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that astrocytes in the primary visual cortex of awake mice responded to visual stimuli with a delay of several seconds relative to the surrounding neurons, which may indicate the existence of a common mechanism of neuron–astrocyte communication across species.HighlightsWe performed dual-color in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging of neurons and astrocytes.α1-adrenoblocker prazosin substantially reduced global astrocytic activities.Astrocytes showed weak but reliable visual responses in the awake mouse visual cortex.Astrocytic visual responses were delayed by 5 s relative to the neuronal ones.
AhRLK1, aCLAVATA1-like leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase of peanut, confers increased resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco
Authors: Zhang Chong , Chen Hua , Zhuang Rui-Rong , Chen Yuting , Deng Ye , Cai Tie-Cheng , Wang Shuai-Yin , Liu Qin-Zheng , Tang Rong-Hua , Shan Shi-Hua , Pan Rong-Long , Chen Li-Song , Zhuang Wei-Jian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBacterial wilt caused byRalstonia solanacearumis a devastating disease that infects hundreds of plant species. Host factors involved in disease resistance and pathogenesis remain poorly characterized. An up regulated and leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase characterized asCLAVATA1and namedAhRLK1was obtained by microarray analysis in response toR. solanacearumin peanut. AhRLK1 contained presumably, a signal peptide, ten leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and conserved motifs of intracellular kinases. For subcellular localization, the AhRLK1 protein was visualized only in the plasma membrane. After inoculation withR. solanacearum, AhRLK1 was constantly up regulated in the susceptible variety Xinhuixiaoli but showed little changed in the resistant cultivar Yueyou92. Different hormones, including salicylic acid, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon, induced expression, but expression was completely down regulated under cold and drought treatments. Transient overexpression provoked a hypersensitive response (HR) inNicotiana benthamianafollowing agro-infiltration. Furthermore, in transgenic tobacco with overexpression of the gene, the resistance toR. solanacearumincreased significantly. By contrast, most representative defense-responsive genes in HR, SA, JA and ET signal pathways such asNtHIN1, NtPR2, NtLOX1, andNtACS6, among others, were considerably up regulated in theAhRLK1transgenic lines. Additionally, theEDS1andPAD4in the R gene signal were also up regulated in transgenic plants, but theNDR1andNPR1genes were down regulated. Accordingly, we suggest thatAhRLK1increases the defense response toR. solanacearumvia HR and hormone defense signalling, associated with theEDS1pathway of R gene signalling. The results provide new understanding ofCLV1function and will contribute to genetic enhancement of peanut.
Alteration of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient and Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Daehoon , Cho Sun-Jung , Lim Hyun Joung , Seok JiWoong , Jo Chulman , Jo Sangmee A. , Park Moon Ho , Han Changsu , Kowall Neil , Ryu Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Koh Young Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and pathologic cerebrovascular remodeling. Cerebrovascular abnormalities may contribute to the pathology of AD, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and the role of VE-cadherin in the progression of amyloid pathology. Here, we determined that levels of VE-cadherin are decreased in brain vessels of AD patients and mouse model of AD.In vitroexperiments showed that the disappearance of VE-cadherin by beta-amyloid at the endothelial cell surface was due to cleavage of VE-cadherin. VE-cadherin cleavage was inhibited by a γ-secretase and ADAM10 inhibitor. The disappearance of VE-cadherin in brain vessels was also seen in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. In the postmortem brain of individuals with AD, furthermore, levels of VE-cadherin were significantly reduced in vessels. Dementia patients showed a distinct blood biochemical profile characterized by high soluble VE-cadherin (sVEC). There was a strong association between plasma sVEC (adjusted odds ratio = 3.41,P< 0.001) and dementia. These results suggest that measurements of plasma VE-cadherin could have the potential for predicting the risk of progressive AD.