bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miklouho-Maclay’s Legacy in Russian- and English-Language Academic Research, 1992–2017
Authors: Tutorsky A. V. , Govor E. V. , Ballard C. 
Published: June 2019

This article provides an overview of recent scholarship dedicated to the legacy of the Russian scientist and traveler Nicolai Miklouho-Maclay. The fi rst part deals with the so-called “classic” approach of the second half of the 20th century, which tended towards a mythologized and idealized portrait of Miklouho-Maclay, as evidenced by the publications of D. Tumarkin and by the second edition of the Complete Works of N.N. Miklouho-Maclay, published in the 1990s. The second part addresses articles published during the 1990s and 2000s that have sought to “demythologize” and reevaluate standard perspectives on Miklouho-Maclay. Some authors, rather than overestimating his achievements, tend to understate the impact of his work. The third part deals with Englishlanguage articles about Miklouho-Maclay’s legacy. These are mostly translations of Miklouho-Maclay’s archival texts from Russian, with scholarly commentary. However, an ongoing Australian research project conducted by Chris Ballard and Elena Govor has begun a sustained program of fi eldwork with descendants of the Melanesian source communities with which Miklouho-Maclay worked, seeking new insights into his texts and especially his drawings as a form of dialogic approach to culture. We propose to study Miklouho-Maclay’s legacy using modern approaches to anthropological theory. This will hopefully result in a unifi ed image rather than separate images of an anthropologist, an artist, a humanist, etc. Also, the use of Miklouho-Maclay’s drawings in addition to his texts will be an important step toward a dialogic study of Oceanic cultures.
Mitochondrial Antioxidant Plastomitin Improves Cardiac Function in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abramov A. A. , Lakomkin V. L. , Prosvirnin A. V. , Lukoshkova E. V. , Kapelko V. I. 
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to ascertain whether the use of plastomitin, the mitochondrial antioxidant, can affect the development of systolic dysfunction that occurs in rats after 4 weeks of doxorubicin treatment (2 mg/kg weekly). Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 320–380 g were used in this work. Echocardiographic study was carried out using Vevo 1100 with linear probe 13–24 MHz frequency. Results. Echocardiographic study of rats through 8 weeks from the beginning of doxorubicin treatment showed the presence of systolic dysfunction with decrease of ejection fraction of the left ventricle (LV) by 32%. Hearts of rats, to which plastomitin (0.32 mg/kg daily) was administered simultaneously with doxorubicin, showed significantly increased ejection fraction and shortening fraction as compared with doxorubicin group, and these values were close to the control. In experiments with simultaneous registration of LV pressure and volume, it was found that the hearts of all rats treated with doxorubicin showed reduced contractility index and stroke work, while maintaining normal cardiac output. Such compensation in experiments with treatment with doxorubicin alone was achieved through significant reduction in the peripheral resistance, slowing of myocardial relaxation, and facilitation of LV diastolic filling during prolonged diastolic pause (the heart rate was slowed by 23%). In experiments with simultaneous application of doxorubicin and plastomitin, the compensation was achieved through preservation of myocardial contractility and relaxability, the heart rate and peripheral resistance. This method of compensation is more beneficial for the body, because it does not restrict the supply of organs and tissues with oxygen, and has significant advantage over doxorubicin group at equal heart rate. Conclusion. The results allow to conclude that the use of plastomitin together with doxorubicin prevents the development of doxorubicin-induced systolic dysfunction.
Possibilities of Computed Tomography of the Heart in Risk Stratification and Determination of Optimal Strategy of Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Complications of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ashikhmin Ya. I. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Plieva N. V. , Shchekochikhin D. Yu. , Kopylov F. Yu. 
Published: June 2019

Modern strategies of primary prevention of cardiovascular complications of atherosclerotic etiology are presented in this article: traditional approach based on assessment of risk of development of complication and coming to replace it concept of prevention based on direct application of results of prospective clinical studies. The article contains detailed presentation of new opportunities of computer tomography of the heart allowing to substantially elevate precision of assessment of risk of cardiovascular complications of atherosclerotic etiology. Main attention is paid to the coronary artery calcification index, which determination substantially simpli- fies decision making relative to strategy of primary prevention in clinical practice
Effect of Vitamin A supplementation on preventing recurrent acute lower respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: Kanakala Murthy , Pediredla Karunakar , Pachiappan Natarajan , Ramayi Rajendran Ramachari , Rehman Tanveer 
Published: June 2019

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRTI) remains the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in under-five children. Vitamin A has a protective role against infections in children. Vitamin A supplementation is given to under-five children as part of the National Immunization Programme in India. The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in preventing the recurrent ALRTI (≥3 episodes per year) in under-five children.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to find out the role of vitamin A supplementation in reducing recurrent ALRTI in under-five children who were enrolled in Anganwadi centers (AWC’s) in Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Two hundred children of 1-5 years of age were selected by random systematic sampling. History was elicited and documents about vitamin A supplementation and previous episodes of ALRTI were verified. The association between recurrence of ALRTI and vitamin A supplementation was analyzed using chi-square test.Results: The mean age of the children in this study is 24±8 months. The median number of episodes of ALRTI per year is 2 (1-3). Among 200 children enrolled in the study, 127 (63.5%) children received vitamin A supplementation and 73 (36.5%) did not receive it. There is a significant decrease in the number of ALRTI episodes (less than 3 episodes per year) in the children who received vitamin A supplementation (p <0.001).Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation along with the National Immunization Programme had shown reduced ALRTI episodes. Since, the number of ALTRI episodes are directly proportional to mortality due to pneumonia, reduction in number of episodes can decrease the Under-five mortality. Vitamin A supplementation is an important programme in this regard and needs to be scrupulously carried out.
Ancient DNAs and the Neolithic Chinese super-grandfather Y haplotypes
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lei Xiaoyun , Chen Hongyao , Li Jiawei , Zhou Hui , Huang Shi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies identified 3 Neolithic Han Chinese super-grandfather Y haplotypes, F5 (O2a2b1a1a), F46 (O2a2b1a2a1), and F11 (O2a1b1a1a1a), but their relationships with the archaeological and written records remain unexplored.

Results: We here report genome wide DNA data for 11 ancient human samples (0.02x-1.28x) from China ranging from 6500 to 2500 years before present (YBP), which also includes ~11 Mb Y NRY data for one sample. The 11 ancient samples belonged to 4 different genetic groups, designated as Dashanqian (DSQ) of Xiajiadian Culture in the Northeast, Duzhong (DZ) of late Yangshao Culture in the Central Plains, Zhengzhou Xishan (ZX) of Miaodigou Culture in the Central Plains, and Others. Present day F5 samples were closer in autosomal distances to the ZX and DSQ groups while O1, O2, and C samples were closer to the DZ group. We also sequenced the Y chromosome of one of these ancient samples K12 from DSQ and found both K12 and a previously reported ~4000 year old sample MG48 from Northwest China to have the F2137 (O2a2b1a1a1a2a) haplotype, belonging to the most prolific branch F438 immediately under F5. We further found close relationships between ZX and DSQ and between ZX and ancient M117 Tibetans or present day Southwest Dai Chinese carrying the F5 subtype O2a2b1a1a6.

Conclusions: The results imply radiations of F5 subtypes from the putative place of F5 origin in Henan. These results are remarkably consistent with archaeological and written records.
A Qualitative Transcriptional Signature for Predicting Microsatellite Instability Status of Right-sided Colon Cancer
Authors: Fu Yelin , Qi Lishuang , Guo Wenbing , Jin Liangliang , Song Kai , You Tianyi , Zhang Shuobo , Gu Yunyan , Zhao Wenyuan , Guo Zheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for about 15% of colorectal cancer and is associated with prognosis. Today, MSI is usually detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific microsatellite markers. However, the instability is identified by comparing the length of microsatellite repeats in tumor and normal samples. In this work, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature to individually predict MSI status for right-sided colon cancer (RCC) based on tumor samples.
Results: Using RCC samples, based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs, we extracted a signature consisting of 10 gene pairs (10-GPS) to predict MSI status for RCC through a feature selection process. A sample is predicted as MSI when the gene expression orderings of at least 7 gene pairs vote for MSI; otherwise the microsatellite stability (MSS). The classification performance reached the largest F-score in the training dataset. This signature was verified in four independent datasets of RCCs with the F-scores of 1, 0.9630, 0.9412 and 0.8798, respectively. Additionally, the hierarchical clustering analyses and molecular features also supported the correctness of the reclassifications of the MSI status by 10-GPS.
Conclusions: The qualitative transcriptional signature can be used to classify MSI status of RCC samples at the individualized level.
Metabolite Profiling of Different Sweet sorghum cultivars Seeds
Authors: Zhou Yaxing , Wang Zhenguo , Li Yan , Li Zhigang , Liu Hui , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and is widely grown in arid or semi-arid areas.

Results

This study focused on the metabolic Diversity of three Sweet sorghum cultivars with white, red, and purple seeds to elucidate the factors responsible for the differences in Seed color. We found 651 metabolites were divided into 24 categories including Lipids_Fatty acids, Lipids_Glycerolipids, Flavonoid, Benzoic acid derivatives, Anthocyanins, Nucleotide and its derivates, etc. Through clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), different samples were clearly separated. It shows that contained metabolites of three groups are quite different. There are 217 significantly different metabolites between Z27 and HC4 (106 down-regulated, 111up-regulated), 240 between Z6 and HC4 (58 down-regulated, 182 up-regulated), 199 between Z6 and Z27 (54 down-regulated, 135 up-regulated). Venn diagram analysis indicated that 45 the differential metabolites were common to all three comparison groups.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the differences of metabolites between different color seeds and provides theoretical basis for the sufficient utilization of Sweet sorghum cultivars.
Sports participation related to injuries and illnesses among youth with chronic diseases: results of the Health in Adapted Youth Sports study
Authors: Lankhorst Kristel , de Groot Janke , Takken Tim , Backx Frank 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Although sports participation leads to important health enhancement for youth with chronic diseases or physical disabilities (CDPD), it may pose an increased risk for injury or illness. This study investigated the incidence, type, severity and risks to (sports-related) injuries and illnesses among youth with CDPD.
Methods: For one calendar year, every two weeks, the characteristics of injuries and illnesses were registered by an online questionnaire and phone-based interview. Physical activity level was measured with the Activ8 during one week. Complete data was available of 103 youngsters with CDPD (61 boys, 42 girls), with a mean age of 14.4 (SD=2.7) years. The personal characteristics, the injury and illness rates per 1000 hours of PA were investigated per group of organized sports participation per week (0, 1 or ≥2 times p/wk).
Results: Almost half of the youngsters sustains one or more injuries or illnesses during one year, 46% and 42% resp. The injury rate per 1000 hours of PA between 0, 1 and ≥2 times per week of sports participation was 0.84, 1.88, 133 resp. and the illness rate was 1.87, 1.88 and 1.18 resp. The rates were not statistically different. Most reported health problems had no subsequent restriction (49%) or other minor consequences (21%) in school, physical education or sports participation. Most reported health problems were contusions (41%) at the lower extremity (74%) and flue plus fever (58%).
Conclusions: Participation in sports ≥2 times per week does not pose a significant increased risk in the incidence of injury or illness per 1000 hours of PA in youth with CDPD compared to once weekly or no sports participation. Athletes who participate in sports at least twice weekly get injured mostly during their sporting activities, while peers who do participate in sports once a week or not at all, get injured during less intense physical activities during PE lessons, ADL or non-organized sports and play in leisure time. The social impact of injuries or illnesses was limited.
Influence of plant growth regulators on morphogenic response, biomass and camptothecin production in the callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston
Authors: Isah Tasiu , Umar Shahid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: In vitro morphogenic response of mature seed embryo-induced callus cultures of Chonemorpha fragrans was studied using solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog medium amended with cytokinins or their combinations with naphthalene acetic acid at 0.5 mg L-1.
Results: The tested plant growth regulators combination and concentrations did not stimulate organogenesis after three subcultivations of the callus cultures on the same PGRs-amended solid medium, and when cultivated in the liquid but, formation of morphogenic callus was observed. Evaluation of biomass and camptothecin production showed that the PGRs influenced biomass and CPT yield of the callus cultures. The alkaloid yield of various explants of 3–4 weeks old axenic seedlings was higher in roots (0.019 % CPT) followed by mature seed embryos (0.0053 %), cotyledons (0.0039 %), hypocotyls (0.0024 %) and leaves (0.0017 %). There was no significant difference in the yield of CPT from callus induced from the various explants. Camptothecin yield of morphogenic callus cultures cultivated in liquid medium was lower than that of solid due to extracellular leaching effect of the alkaloid. Amount of synthesized CPT in the callus cultures also varied with the PGR type and concentration amended in the cultivation medium, and showed association with biomass production.
Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that callus cultures offer alternative tissue source for the in vitro CPT yield enhancement through biotechnological approaches, with application in the large-scale production of the alkaloid to conserve the ever decimated natural population of this medicinal woody climber for the alkaloid.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: sun xuan , tong xu , gao feng , lao huiting , miao zhongrong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and purpose: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is now considered the gold standard
for select patient populations with anterior circulation stroke; however, data on the treatment of
posterior circulation stroke are less clear. This study aims to determine the characteristics and
treatment outcomes of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) and to evaluate the
effectiveness and safety of EVT for patients with acute BAO in a high-volume stroke center.
Methods: This study included 187 consecutive patients with acute BAO who underwent EVT
from January 2012 to July 2018 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The baseline characteristics,
procedure parameters, and functional outcome were assessed.
Results: Among the 187 patients, 138 (73.8%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy with a
stent retriever, 33 (17.6%) underwent direct intracranial angioplasty (balloon dilation and/or
stent implantation) for underlying severe intracranial atherosclerotic disease, and 91 (48.7%)
underwent combined mechanical thrombectomy and angioplasty. Successful recanalization
[modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade 2b-3] was achieved in 158
patients (84.5%). Overall, the rates of functional independence [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
0-2] and favorable outcome (mRS 0-3) at 90 days were 36.4% and 49.2%, respectively, and 90-
day all-cause mortality was 20.3%.
Conclusion􀀌􀀁EVT was effective and safe for treating patients with acute BAO.
Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children
Authors: Luan Lin , Shen Xiaochen , Qiu Jing , Jing Yang , Zhang Jingqi , Wang Jie , Zhang Jun , Dong Chen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China.
Methods: 3014 children were recruited from Chinesekindergarten students aged from four to six years.Anti-VZVIgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BothORF22and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR.
Results:Among 3014 children,43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J.
Conclusions:Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.
Animal‐Based Organic Amendments and Their Potential for Excessive Nitrogen Leaching and Phosphorus Loading
Authors: Zhang H. , Hunt D. E. , Bittman S. 
Published: June 2019

Nitrate contamination of groundwater has been attributed to application of poultry litter to amend soil organic matter on raspberry farms in British Columbia, Canada. A field study assessed the risk of organic amendments that cause nitrate leaching and nutrient accumulation. The amendments, poultry litter, municipal compost, horse manure, and three types of dairy manure solids, were applied at 25 or 50 Mg dry matter ha–1 to match farm rates before new plantings. Plots were either unseeded or seeded with a grass mix to simulate berry establishment with grass alley crop. Soil was sampled at 0‐ to 15‐, 15‐ to 30‐, and 30‐ to 60‐cm depths 15 times over 14 mo and analyzed for concentrations of NH4+ and NO3–, and at 0 to 15 cm for total C, N, and P at 6 mo after application. Three grass harvests were analyzed for yield and N offtake. Poultry litter supplied more than twice the total mineral N and total P compared to the dairy solids and horse manure, while the compost was intermediate. At 25 Mg ha–1, poultry litter increased concentrations of soil (0–15 cm) NH4+ and NO3– (>150 and >300 mg kg–1, respectively), compared with small short‐term increases by compost (∼70 and 100 mg kg–1, respectively). There was almost no increase from dairy and horse amendments. Grass N offtake reduced soil NO3– concentrations but did not eliminate the risk of leaching from poultry litter. We conclude that dairy solids and horse manure present less risk of nitrate leaching and P loading than poultry litter or municipal compost.Core Ideas

Poultry manure and compost amendments greatly increased soil NH4+, NO3– and P.
Grass ‘alley’ crop did no sufficiently mitigate soil mineral N from poultry manure.
Little risk of nitrate leaching or P loading with dairy solids or horse amendments.
Fertilizer Placement Affects Corn and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Claypan Soil
Authors: Steusloff Tyler W. , Nelson Kelly A. , Motavalli Peter P. , Singh Gurbir 
Published: June 2019

Agronomic efficiency (AE) and apparent N recovery efficiency (RE) can be improved by developing more effective N fertilizer placement strategies; however, minimal research has focused on poorly‐drained claypan soils which are prone to saturated conditions and gaseous N loss. The objective of this 2‐yr study was to determine the effectiveness of different N fertilizer placement methods on corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain quality, silage yield, N uptake, AE, RE, and spatial soil N distribution over time. Nitrogen placement treatments included deep‐banded urea (DB) or urea plus nitrapyrin (DB+NI) at a depth of 20 cm compared to urea broadcast applied (BC) or BC incorporated to a depth of 8 cm (BCI). The DB and DB+NI treatments generally resulted in higher grain and silage yields than the non‐treated control (NC), BCI, and BC treatments. The DB+NI increased silage yield 4.14 to 4.77 Mg ha−1 over the BC and DB treatments in 2016. Additionally, DB+NI resulted in 21 and 27% greater N uptake and RE than other N placement treatments. Deep‐banded treatments with and without NI had the highest AE (10.3–13.3 kg kg N−1) compared to other treatments. Deep‐banded urea had significantly higher soil NO3–N concentrations in deep soil layers compared to DB+NI when sampled in July. Results indicated DB+NI increased N availability for a longer period during the growing season and was a reliable strategy for increasing corn yields and improving AE and RE on a poorly‐drained claypan soil.Core Ideas

Yield response to urea was ranked DB+NI = DB > BCI > BC.
Apparent N recovery efficiency was greatest (76.5%) with DB+NI.
Highest agronomic efficiency (10.3 to 13.3 kg kgN−1) was observed for DB and DB+NI.
Distribution of pHs, NO3‐N, and NH4‐N in the soil was affected by urea placement.