bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Exercise Counseling on Physical Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study
Authors: Bohm Clara J. , Storsley Leroy J. , Hiebert Brett M. , Nelko Serena , Tangri Navdeep , Cheskin Lawrence J. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. , Rigatto Claudio 
Published: February 2018

Background: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have low levels of physical activity and physical function. Although guidelines endorse exercise counseling for individuals with CKD, it is not yet part of routine care. Objective: We investigated the effect of attending a real-life exercise counseling clinic (ECC) on physical function in individuals with CKD. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data with quasi-experimental design. Setting and Participants: Patients with all stages of CKD registered in a large provincial renal program were eligible. The exposed cohort who attended the ECC between January 1, 2011, and March 15, 2014, included 214 individuals. The control cohort included 292 individuals enrolled in an observational study investigating longitudinal change in frailty during the same time period. Predictor/Factor: Attendance at an ECC. Outcomes and Measurements: Change in physical function as measured by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, physical activity level (Human Activity Profile [HAP]/Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL; EQ5D/VAS) over 1 year. Results: Eighty-seven individuals in the ECC cohort and 125 participants in the control cohort completed 1-year follow-up. Baseline median SPPB score was 10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9-12) and 9 (IQR: 7-11) in the ECC and control cohorts, respectively ( P < .01). At 1 year, SPPB scores were 10 (IQR: 8-12) and 9 (IQR: 6-11) in the ECC and control cohorts, respectively ( P = .04). Mean change in SPPB over 1 year was not significantly different between groups: −0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.81 to 0.15) in ECC and −0.22 (95% CI: −0.61 to 0.17) in control ( P = .72). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals in each cohort with an increase/decrease in SPPB score over time. There was no significant change in physical activity or HRQOL over time between groups. Limitations: Quasi-experimental design, low rate of follow-up attendance. Conclusions: In this pragmatic study, exercise counseling had no significant effect on change in SPPB score, suggesting that a single exercise counseling session alone is inadequate to improve physical function in CKD.
Factors associated with pericolic fat stranding of colon cancer on computed tomography colonography
Authors: Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Yamada Takayuki , Miyakawa Kunihisa , Nakajima Yasuo 
Published: February 2018

Background Pericolic fat stranding on computed tomography (CT) scans has been an important feature for staging colon cancer. However, the factors associated with pericolic fat stranding have not been elucidated to date. Purpose To determine factors associated with pericolic fat stranding of colon cancer on CT colonography (CTC). Material and Methods Overall, 150 patients with 155 colon cancer lesions were retrospectively assessed by two radiologists for pericolic fat stranding on CTC. Circumferential proportion of the tumor (CPtumor; <50%, 50–75%, and ≥75%), longitudinal length, depth of invasion (≤T2, T3, T4), lymph node and distant metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed between pericolic fat stranding and each factor. Multi-group comparisons were performed for the CPtumor and depth of invasion. Results Pericolic fat stranding was identified in 57 lesions (36.8%). Univariate analysis revealed significant associations of pericolic fat stranding with all factors ( P < 0.027), except for lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.087). Multi-group comparisons revealed that pericolic fat stranding was more frequent with increasing CPtumor ( P < 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed beyond subserosal infiltration ( P = 0.225). Logistic regression analysis revealed the CPtumor (<75% vs. ≥75%; P = 0.008, <50% vs. 50–75%; P = 0.047) and longitudinal length ( P = 0.001) as explainable variables. Conclusion Pericolic fat stranding identified on CT images of colon cancer is demonstrated more frequently with increasing circumferential proportion of the tumor and longitudinal length.
Periosteal flap augmentation of the Modified Broström–Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability
Authors: Chew Chee Ping , Koo Kevin Oon Thien , Lie Denny Tjiauw Tjoen 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Chronic lateral ankle instability occurs in up to 20% of ankle injuries. Most can be treated conservatively, but surgical reconstruction is required if conservative treatment fails. Modified Broström–Gould procedure is an effective surgical treatment and the augmentation of this procedure with a periosteal flap may confer additional stability. We report on the outcome of a technique combining a modified Broström–Gould procedure augmented with a periosteal flap in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. Method: Twenty-four males aged 18–42 (mean, 24) with chronic lateral ankle instability affecting 24 ankles underwent the modified Broström–Gould procedure augmented with a periosteal flap, and these surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 28.7 months. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hind foot score. Results: Preoperatively, the mean AOFAS ankle and hind foot score was 67.38. Post-operatively, significant improvement was seen, with a score of 88.71 ( p < 0.05). None of the patients reported surgical or wound complications. Conclusion: The technique of modified Broström–Gould procedure with periosteal flap augmentation appears to be a simple and safe operation for chronic lateral ankle instability. Patients with poor quality local ligamentous tissue, obese patients or high demand athletes generally benefit from this procedure. It allows effective augmentation of the reconstruction without causing any harm to local tendons or using additional costly implants.
Arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair versus conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair – Comparable results at 2-year follow-up
Authors: Ang Benjamin Fu Hong , Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Yeo William , Lie Denny Tijauw Tjoen , Chang Paul Chee Cheng 
Published: February 2018

Aim: The aim of our study is to compare the improvement in clinical outcomes after conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair and arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair. Method: A consecutive series of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was analysed. Sixty-one patients underwent conventional double-row rotator cuff repair and 59 patients underwent undersurface rotator cuff repair. Several clinical outcomes, including numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), constant shoulder score (CSS), Oxford shoulder score (OSS) and University of California Los Angeles shoulder score (UCLASS), were prospectively recorded by a trained healthcare professional preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Result: Comparing both groups, there were no differences in age, gender and preoperative NPRS, CSS, OSS and UCLASS. However, the tear size was 0.7 ± 0.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–1.1) cm larger in the conventional group ( p = 0.002). There was no difference in the improvement of NPRS, CSS, OSS and UCLASS at all time points of follow–up, that is, at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The duration of operation was shorter by 35 ± 3 (95% CI 28–42) min in the undersurface group ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair and conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair showed marked improvements in clinical scores when compared preoperatively, and there was no difference in improvements between both groups. Arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair is a faster technique compared to the conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair.
Correction to: Cadaveric surgery in core gynaecology training: a feasibility study
Authors: Lim Chou Phay , Roberts Mark , Chalhoub Tony , Waugh Jason , Delgaty Laura 
Published: February 2018

CorrectionAfter publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Laura Delgaty was incorrectly included as Laura Delegate. The correct spelling of the author’s name is included in the author list of this correction and updated in the original article.
The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: new insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition
Authors: Le Huong Thu , Nguyen Ha Trong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper documents the patterns and examines the factors contributing to a gender gap in educational achievements in early seventh grade of schooling using a recent and nationally representative panel of Australian children. Regression results indicate that females excel at non-numeracy subjects at later grades whereas males outperform females in numeracy in all grades, whether at the mean or along the distribution of the test score. Our results also reveal a widening gender test score gap in numeracy as students advance their schooling. Regression and decomposition results also highlight the importance of controlling for pre-school cognitive skills in examining the gender test score gap.
Reallocating children’s time: coping strategies after the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Authors: Novella Rafael , Zanuso Claire 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on the household decision about children’s time allocation. Using original data and objective geological measures, we exploit the fact that the earthquake might affect the decision about children’s time through its magnitude and household’s revealed vulnerability. Separated measures of the earthquake magnitude and its damage allow us to estimate the impact of the household’s vulnerability on the decision about the time allocation of children 10 to 17 years old. We are also able to analyze the differentiated effect on market and domestic work. Our results show that vulnerability at the time of the earthquake severely affects investments in children’s human capital almost 3 years after the shock, which increases the household’s risk of staying in poverty.
A rare case of severe third degree friction burns and large Morel-Lavallee lesion of the abdominal wall
Authors: Brown Darnell J. , Lu Kuo Jung G. , Chang Kristina , Levin Jennifer , Schulz John T. , Goverman Jeremy 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are rare internal degloving injuries typically caused by blunt traumatic injuries and most commonly occur around the hips and in association with pelvic or acetabular fractures. MLL is often overlooked in the setting of poly-trauma; therefore, clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion and be familiar with the management of such injuries, especially in obese poly-trauma patients.

Case presentation
We present a 30-year-old female pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle who sustained multiple long bone fractures, a mesenteric hematoma, and full-thickness abdominal skin friction burn which masked a significant underlying abdominal MLL. The internal degloving caused significant devascularization of the overlying soft tissue and skin which required surgical drainage of hematoma, abdominal wall reconstruction with tangential excision, allografting, negative pressure wound therapy, and ultimately autografting.

Conclusion
MLL is a rare, often overlooked, internal degloving injury. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with third degree friction burns as they may mask underlying injuries such as MLL, and a delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity.
Endocrine Disorders in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Al-Gadi Iman S , Haas Richard H , Falk Marni J , Goldstein Amy , McCormack Shana E 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
Endocrine disorders are common in individuals with mitochondrial disease. To develop evidence-based screening practices in this high-risk population, updated age-stratified estimates of the prevalence of endocrine conditions are needed.

Objective
To measure the point prevalence of selected endocrine disorders in individuals with mitochondrial disease.

Design, Setting, and Patients
The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium Patient Registry is a large, prospective, physician-curated cohort study of individuals with mitochondrial disease. Participants (n = 404) are of any age, with a diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease confirmed by molecular genetic testing.

Main Outcome Measures
Age-specific prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal growth and sexual maturation (AGSM), hypoparathyroidism, and hypothyroidism.

Results
The majority of our sample was pediatric (&lt;18 years; 60.1%), female (56.9%), and white (85.9%). DM affected 2% of participants aged &lt;18 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4% to 5.7%] and 24.4% of adult participants (95% CI: 18.6% to 30.9%). DM prevalence was highest in individuals with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes syndrome (MELAS; 31.9%, of whom 86.2% had the m.3243A&gt;G mutation). DM occurred more often with mitochondrial DNA defects (point mutations and/or deletions) than with nuclear DNA mutations (23.3% vs 3.7%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Other prevalence estimates were 44.1% (95% CI: 38.8% to 49.6%) for AGSM; 0.3% (95% CI: 0% to 1.6%) for hypoparathyroidism; and 6.3% (95% CI: 4% to 9.3%) for hypothyroidism.

Conclusion
DM and AGSM are highly prevalent in primary mitochondrial disease. Certain clinical mitochondrial syndromes (MELAS and Kearns-Sayre/Pearson syndrome spectrum disorders) demonstrated a higher burden of endocrinopathies. Clinical screening practices should reflect the substantial prevalence of endocrine disorders in mitochondrial disease.
Polymerization of Cyclododecasiloxanes with Si–H and Si–OEt Side Groups by the Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction
Authors: Yoshikawa Masashi , Shiba Hiroya , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Two types of cyclododecasiloxanes possessing Si–H and Si–OEt side groups were polymerized by the Piers-Rubinsztajn (P-R) reaction. Cyclododecasiloxane possessing both methyl and ethoxydimethylsilyl side groups (Cyclo12-Me-SiMe2(OEt)) was synthesized by ethoxylation of cyclododecasiloxane possessing both methyl and dimethylsilyl side groups (Cyclo12-Me-SiHMe2). Cyclo12-Me-SiMe2(OEt) and Cyclo12-Me-SiHMe2 were polymerized by the P-R reaction, using B(C6F5)3 as a catalyst. The original cyclic structures were retained after the reaction without cleavage of the Si–O–Si bonds. Dimethylsilane elimination between two side –SiHMe2 groups and the consecutive siloxane-bond formation occurred concomitantly during the main P-R reaction. The effectiveness of the P-R reaction between oligosiloxanes toward preparation of polyorganosiloxanes with well-defined architectures has been demonstrated.
The impact of nurse managers' leadership styles on ward staff
Authors: Saleh Usama , O'Connor Tom , Al-Subhi Hattan , Alkattan Rana , Al-Harbi Saad , Patton Declan 
Published: February 2018

Aim: to explore the nature of leadership styles used by the nursing management team, as perceived by nurses working at the bedside. Background: leadership style is related to job satisfaction, staff retention, costs, and quality of care. The leadership styles of managers can be crucial in the healthcare setting, but very few studies have focused on them. Method: the study employed qualitative methodology, involving 35 nurses working in different specialties of a medical city in Saudi Arabia. Data collection consisted of completing demographic and professional information and a semi-structured interview using open-ended questions. Analysis: a phenomenologic-hermeneutic approach was used to identify major themes. Results: the findings showed that participants described four types of leadership styles: relational leadership, preferential leadership, communication chain leadership, and ineffectual leadership. Conclusion: the leadership style employed by nurse managers has a major impact on nurses' satisfaction, turnover, and the quality of patient care they deliver.
Visual Working Memory Is Independent of the Cortical Spacing Between Memoranda
Authors: Harrison William J. , Bays Paul M. 
Published: February 2018

The sensory recruitment hypothesis states that visual short-term memory is maintained in the same visual cortical areas that initially encode a stimulus' features. Although it is well established that the distance between features in visual cortex determines their visibility, a limitation known as crowding, it is unknown whether short-term memory is similarly constrained by the cortical spacing of memory items. Here, we investigated whether the cortical spacing between sequentially presented memoranda affects the fidelity of memory in humans (of both sexes). In a first experiment, we varied cortical spacing by taking advantage of the log-scaling of visual cortex with eccentricity, presenting memoranda in peripheral vision sequentially along either the radial or tangential visual axis with respect to the fovea. In a second experiment, we presented memoranda sequentially either within or beyond the critical spacing of visual crowding, a distance within which visual features cannot be perceptually distinguished due to their nearby cortical representations. In both experiments and across multiple measures, we found strong evidence that the ability to maintain visual features in memory is unaffected by cortical spacing. These results indicate that the neural architecture underpinning working memory has properties inconsistent with the known behavior of sensory neurons in visual cortex. Instead, the dissociation between perceptual and memory representations supports a role of higher cortical areas such as posterior parietal or prefrontal regions or may involve an as yet unspecified mechanism in visual cortex in which stimulus features are bound to their temporal order.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough much is known about the resolution with which we can remember visual objects, the cortical representation of items held in short-term memory remains contentious. A popular hypothesis suggests that memory of visual features is maintained via the recruitment of the same neural architecture in sensory cortex that encodes stimuli. We investigated this claim by manipulating the spacing in visual cortex between sequentially presented memoranda such that some items shared cortical representations more than others while preventing perceptual interference between stimuli. We found clear evidence that short-term memory is independent of the intracortical spacing of memoranda, revealing a dissociation between perceptual and memory representations. Our data indicate that working memory relies on different neural mechanisms from sensory perception.
Detecting Unattended Stimuli Depends on the Phase of Prestimulus Neural Oscillations
Authors: Harris Anthony M. , Dux Paul E. , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: February 2018

Neural oscillations appear important for perception and attention processes because stimulus detection is dependent upon the phase of 7–11 Hz oscillations before stimulus onset. Previous work has examined stimulus detection at attended locations, but it is unknown whether unattended locations are also subject to phasic modulation by ongoing oscillatory activity, as would be predicted by theories proposing a role for neural oscillations in organizing general neural processing. Here, we recorded brain activity with EEG while human participants of both sexes detected brief visual targets preceded by a spatial cue and determined whether performance for cued (attended) and uncued (unattended) targets was influenced by oscillatory phase across a range of frequencies. Detection of both attended and unattended targets depended upon an ∼5 Hz theta rhythm and an ∼11–15 Hz alpha rhythm. Critically, detection of unattended stimuli was more strongly modulated by the phase of theta oscillations than was detection of attended stimuli, suggesting that attentional allocation involves a disengagement from ongoing theta sampling. There was no attention-related difference in the strength of alpha phase dependence, consistent with a perceptual rather than attentional role of oscillatory phase in this frequency range. These results demonstrate the importance of neural oscillations in modulating visual processing at both attended and unattended locations and clarify one way in which attention may produce its effects: through disengagement from low-frequency sampling at attended locations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPast work on the interaction between oscillatory phase and neural processing has shown the involvement of posterior ∼7–11 Hz oscillations in visual processing. Most studies, however, have presented stimuli at attended locations, making it difficult to disentangle frequencies related to attention from those related to perception. Here, we compared the oscillatory frequencies involved in the detection of attended and unattended stimuli and found that ∼11–15 Hz oscillations were related to perception independently of attention, whereas ∼5 Hz oscillations were more prominent for the detection of unattended stimuli. This work demonstrates the importance of neural oscillations for mediating stimulus processing at both attended and unattended locations and clarifies the different oscillatory frequencies involved in attention and perception.
The Nucleus Reuniens Controls Long-Range Hippocampo–Prefrontal Gamma Synchronization during Slow Oscillations
Authors: Ferraris Maëva , Ghestem Antoine , Vicente Ana F. , Nallet-Khosrofian Lauriane , Bernard Christophe , Quilichini Pascale P. 
Published: February 2018

Gamma oscillations are involved in long-range coupling of distant regions that support various cognitive operations. Here we show in adult male rats that synchronized bursts of gamma oscillations bind the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during slow oscillations and slow-wave sleep, a brain state that is central for consolidation of memory traces. These gamma bursts entrained the firing of the local HPC and mPFC neuronal populations. Neurons of the nucleus reuniens (NR), which is a structural and functional hub between HPC and mPFC, demonstrated a specific increase in their firing before gamma burst onset, suggesting their involvement in HPC–mPFC binding. Chemical inactivation of NR disrupted the temporal pattern of gamma bursts and their synchronization, as well as mPFC neuronal firing. We propose that the NR drives long-range hippocampo–prefrontal coupling via gamma bursts providing temporal windows for information exchange between the HPC and mPFC during slow-wave sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-range coupling between hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to support numerous cognitive functions, including memory consolidation occurring during sleep. Gamma-band synchronization is a fundamental process in many neuronal operations and is instrumental in long-range coupling. Recent evidence highlights the role of nucleus reuniens (NR) in consolidation; however, how it influences hippocampo–prefrontal coupling is unknown. In this study, we show that HPC and mPFC are synchronized by gamma bursts during slow oscillations in anesthesia and natural sleep. By manipulating and recording the NR–HPC–mPFC network, we provide evidence that the NR actively promotes this long-range gamma coupling. This coupling provides the hippocampo–prefrontal circuit with a novel mechanism to exchange information during slow-wave sleep.