bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Hydrogeological Structure of a Small Danish Island Using Transient Electromagnetic Methods
Authors: McLachlan Paul , Vang Mathias Ø. , Pedersen Jesper B. , Kraghede Rune , Christiansen Anders V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmall island communities often rely on groundwater as their primary source of fresh water. However, the limited land area and high proportion of coastal zones pose unique challenges to groundwater management. A detailed understanding of the subsurface structure can provide valuable insights into aquifer structure, groundwater vulnerability, saltwater intrusion, and the location of water resources. These insights can guide groundwater management strategies, for example, pollution regulation, promotion of sustainable agriculture, establishment of coastal buffer zones, and re‐naturalization of land cover. Ordinarily, structural characterization relies on geological mapping and boreholes, however, such approaches can have insufficient spatial resolution to aid groundwater management. In this study, transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods are used to map the subsurface of a small, 13.2 km2, Danish Island. The approach successfully identified two previously unknown paleochannels, where the interface between Quaternary aquifer units and an underlying Paleogene Clay aquiclude had maximum depths of 100 and 160 m below sea level. Before this, the interface was assumed to be 15 to 25 m below sea level: therefore, these paleochannels present substantial potential groundwater resources. Resolving geological heterogeneity within the Quaternary deposits was less successful and future work will focus on addressing these limitations. Nonetheless, in several locations, evidence of saltwater intrusion was observed within the Quaternary units. This work demonstrates how TEM mapping can identify water resources, define aquifer boundaries, and aid water management decisions. Such approaches could be applied in other areas, particularly small islands, where similar groundwater challenges exist.
Neuroendocrine differentiation and serotonin expression in oesophageal adenocarcinomas after neoadjuvant therapy: correlation with clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: Dodington David W. , Serra Stefano , Bracey Tim , Chetty Runjan , Nowak Klaudia M. 
Published: November 2024

AimsOesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a glandular or mucinous epithelial malignancy that can show immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and express the hormone serotonin. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of NED and serotonin with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort of patients treated between 2002 and 2021 was established and included 218 oesophagectomy specimens with residual tumour. Representative full‐face sections of tumour were stained for synaptophysin, chromogranin‐A and serotonin by immunohistochemistry, and staining results were correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In total, 129 (59%) tumours showed evidence of NED, defined as immunohistochemical expression of synaptophysin or chromogranin‐A, while 40 (18%) showed evidence of NED and expressed serotonin. Patients with neuroendocrine‐positive tumours had significantly shorter median OS compared to those with neuroendocrine‐negative tumours (22.5 versus 48.8 months, P = 0.006), but similar median DFS (13.3 versus 17.8 months, P = 0.34). Using Cox regression, the association between NED and OS was significant in univariate [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.45] and multivariate (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.08–2.52) analysis. Patients with serotonin‐expressing tumours had similar median OS (21.7 versus 25.9 months, P = 0.24) and DFS (7.3 versus 15.6 months, P = 0.12) compared to those with NED but lacking serotonin. Using Cox regression, serotonin expression was associated with reduced OS in univariate (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.06–2.47) but not multivariate (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.64–1.65) analysis.ConclusionsOur findings support NED as independent predictor of OS in EAC after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. While a subset of tumours with NED expressed serotonin, this did not provide additional prognostic information.
Unveiling the power of artificial intelligence for image‐based diagnosis and treatment in endodontics: An ally or adversary?
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI), a field within computer science, uses algorithms to replicate human intelligence tasks such as pattern recognition, decision‐making and problem‐solving through complex datasets. In endodontics, AI is transforming diagnosis and treatment by applying deep learning algorithms, notably convolutional neural networks, which mimic human brain function to analyse two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) data.ObjectivesThis article provides an overview of AI applications in endodontics, evaluating its use in 2D and 3D imaging and examining its role as a beneficial tool or potential challenge.MethodsThrough a narrative review, the article explores AI's use in 2D and 3D imaging modalities, discusses their limitations and examines future directions in the field.ResultsAI significantly enhances endodontic practice by improving diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and treatment planning. In 2D imaging, AI excels at detecting periapical lesions on both periapical and panoramic radiographs, surpassing expert radiologists in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. AI also accurately detects and classifies radiolucent lesions, such as radicular cysts and periapical granulomas, matching the precision of histopathology analysis. In 3D imaging, AI automates the segmentation of fine structures such as pulp chambers and root canals on cone‐beam computed tomography scans, thereby supporting personalized treatment planning. However, a significant limitation highlighted in some studies is the reliance on in vitro or ex vivo datasets for training AI models. These datasets do not replicate the complexities of clinical environments, potentially compromising the reliability of AI applications in endodontics.DiscussionDespite advancements, challenges remain in dataset variability, algorithm generalization, and ethical considerations such as data security and privacy. Addressing these is essential for integrating AI effectively into clinical practice and unlocking its transformative potential in endodontic care. Integrating radiomics with AI shows promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and predictive analytics, potentially enabling automated decision support systems to enhance treatment outcomes and patient care.ConclusionsAlthough AI enhances endodontic capabilities through advanced imaging analyses, addressing current limitations and fostering collaboration between AI developers and dental professionals are essential. These efforts will unlock AI's potential to achieve more predictable and personalized treatment outcomes in endodontics, ultimately benefiting both clinicians and patients alike.
BANKING AND BANKING REFORMS IN CHINA IN A MODEL OF COSTLY STATE VERIFICATION
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a macro view of China's financial system where a monopolistic banking sector coexists endogenously with bonds and private loans. In equilibrium smaller firms raise finance from private lending, larger firms through bank loans, and the largest by issuing bonds. The model predicts that expanding credit supply increases bank loans but reduces bond finance and private lending, in absolute terms and relative to total credit. In addition, removing the interest rate ceiling on bank lending—a recent reform in China—induces larger loans and higher lending rates, lowering the share of bank loans in total credit. Empirical evidence is presented to support these predictions.
When academia met industry: working toward a needle‐free vaccination future in the sunshine state
Authors: Medhavy Arti , Johnston Alex , Bermingham Imogen , Stanisic Danielle I 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLocated in Brisbane's Northshore riverfront precinct, just meters from the iconic Brisbane River, is the new Vaxxas Biomedical Facility. Dr Imogen Bermingham is a Principal Scientist in the Formulation and Analytical Team at Vaxxas, an Australian biotech company focused on developing a needle‐free vaccination technology. Here, we discuss her work at Vaxxas, highlighting the opportunities for translational research within the growing biotech industry landscape in Queensland, Australia. Dr Bermingham also reflects on her transition from academia to industry, leveraging her skill set and expanding her capabilities within the dynamic research environment at Vaxxas.
Role of inflammasomes and neuroinflammation in epilepsy
Authors: Hollis Ava , Lukens John R. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryEpilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are brief episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain and involuntary movement that can lead to physical injury and loss of consciousness. Seizures are canonically accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokine production that promotes neuroinflammation, brain pathology, and seizure propagation. Understanding the source of pro‐inflammatory cytokines which promote seizure pathogenesis could be a gateway to precision epilepsy drug design. This review discusses the inflammasome in epilepsy including its role in seizure propagation and negative impacts on brain health. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that coordinates IL‐1β and IL‐18 production in response to tissue damage, cellular stress, and infection. Clinical evidence for inflammasome signaling in epileptogenesis is reviewed followed by a discussion of emerging strategies to modulate inflammasome activity in epilepsy.
Adjusting Self‐Protective and Non‐Response Behaviours in Sensitive Prevalence Estimation by a Two‐Stage Multilevel Randomised Response Technique
Authors: Lukusa Martin T. , Francesco Perri Pier , Hsieh Shu‐Hui 
Published: November 2024

SummaryWhen using the customary direct questioning approach to collect sensitive information in a survey, some respondents may have no problem disclosing their true status or opinion, while others may be reluctant to reveal them. The problem of response bias is likely to arise as some responses tend to be more socially desirable than truthful. Hence, the indirect questioning approach can be used to guarantee privacy protection and reduce the influence of social desirability bias. This paper introduces a new technique which combines, both the direct and indirect questioning approaches and allows Bayesian estimates of the prevalence of multisensitive attributes to be obtained by taking into account the estimated proportion of honest respondents under direct questioning. Our proposal stems from a real survey in Taiwan and is illustrated with two motivating examples concerning voting behaviours and sexual identity. The empirical analysis reinforces that the proposed two‐stage multilevel method is satisfactory in mitigating the effects of respondents' self‐protective behaviour, and produces results that are more reliable than those based on the traditional direct questioning approach and better than a previous version of the multilevel randomised response method that ignores the presence of cheating behaviours in the direct questioning stage.
Coordinating a bi‐level blood supply chain with interactions between supply‐side and demand‐side operational decisions
Authors: Moshtagh Mohammad S. , Zhou Yun , Verma Manish 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn most blood supply chains, blood centers and hospitals make individual decisions, resulting in an inefficient structure of the blood supply chain, which in turn renders supply and demand matching a challenging exercise. In this work, we make the very first attempt to optimize the interaction between blood centers and hospitals. To that end, this paper investigates collection, production, replenishment, issuing, inventory, and wastage decisions under three different blood supply chain channel structures, that is, the decentralized, centralized, and coordinated structures. We propose a bi‐level optimization program to model the decentralized system and use the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions to solve that. In such a system, hospitals tend to order more than their actual need, resulting in overcollection, overproduction, and high wastage rates. On the other hand, in a centralized system decisions are made by a central decision‐maker, which results in higher performance. Recognizing the challenges of implementing a centralized system, we design a novel coordination mechanism to motivate hospitals to operate in a centralized system. Analysis of a case study in Canada indicates that integration can significantly improve the performance of system; allowing substitution between blood products can decrease the total cost of the blood supply chain by 14.41%; an increase in supply or decrease in demand can be detrimental under inappropriate structure, facilitating coordination mechanism; offering subsidy beyond a threshold is not beneficial to the blood centers.
A practical analysis to predict sample overheating in flash experiments using the current ramp methodology
Authors: Manchón‐Gordón Alejandro F. , Molina‐Molina Sandra , Perejón Antonio , Sánchez‐Jiménez Pedro , Pérez‐Maqueda Luis A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work presents a straightforward strategy for achieving specific overheating during flash experiments by adjusting the initial electrical parameters. To do that, an extensive experimental analysis was performed to evaluate the temperature evolution of dense ZnO specimens during controlled‐current ramping at different furnace temperatures, which in turn modified the initial electrical resistance of the sample. A detailed electrical explanation of controlled‐current ramp flash processes is provided and, for the first time, a practical equivalence between current‐ramp and temperature‐ramp flash methodologies is established. By parameterizing the experiments in terms of an effective power density, a consistent heating pattern following the blackbody radiation trend was identified, despite the different electrical characteristics of each experiment. Finally, a “flash heating map” is introduced, which can be used to determine the starting electrical parameters necessary to achieve a specific temperature increase, whether employing current or temperature ramps.
Practising Safe Care in Critical Care: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Häggström Marie , Näppä Ulla 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the meaning of ‘safety’ as it applies to critical care nurses during daily care practice in the intensive care setting.DesignA qualitative study design was employed.MethodsThe study enlisted 18 critical care nurses and nurse leaders from three hospitals in Sweden. Interview data were collected in 2017 and in 2024. The data were examined using reflexive thematic content analysis.ResultsThe meaning of safety within critical care settings was illustrated by the themes ‘Sustaining a safety mindset’, ‘Fostering commitment to patient safety’, ‘Showing individual accountability and continuous learning’ and ‘Managing complexity while prioritising safety standards’. Safe care practice in daily practice also involved adaptability and resilience in response to changing circumstances or unexpected events, ensuring thoroughness and allowing for a return to regular routines when conditions permitted, thereby preventing incomplete care. Core competencies in safety encompassed both technical and non‐technical skills, such as the ability to assess and use technology, remain vigilant and thorough, plan ahead, prioritise and identify, and follow through on nursing interventions, all while working in a team and allocating sufficient time for patients.ConclusionSustaining a safe mindset over time is both challenging and essential. Further research should focus on how to foster a sustained safety mindset. A more proactive approach to learning may be achieved by reflecting on and discussing things that have worked well even in challenging circumstances.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study enriches our understanding of practising safe care in intensive care. It furnishes the nursing profession with a deeper theoretical grasp of proactive safety efforts, encompassing various factors that can mitigate risks in a technologically advanced environment.
Techniques and outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Liao Ting‐Wei Ernie , Xu Lingyu , Khoshknab Mirmilad P. , Peters Carli J. , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Schaller Robert D. , Frankel David S. , Luebbert Jeffrey J. , Guandalini Gustavo S. , Nazarian Saman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate tailored approaches, techniques, and outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.BackgroundPLSVC presents unique challenges for AF ablation due to its potential as an arrhythmogenic source and the complex anatomical variations it introduces.MethodsThe retrospective cohort included 16 patients with PLSVC that underwent 21 AF ablation procedures between August 1, 2008, and February 14, 2024, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Procedures involved pre‐ablation imaging, 3D electroanatomical mapping, pulmonary vein isolation, and targeted ablation strategies focusing on the PLSVC‐related ablation. The primary endpoints were procedural safety and AF recurrence postablation.ResultsThe cohort's mean age was 51.9 ± 17.9 years, 31.2% of whom were female. Triggers from the PLSVC were identified in 66.7% of procedures. Tailored ablation strategies were employed to isolate PLSVC‐left atrium/coronary sinus connections or directly target the induced triggers, with a success rate of 85% in achieving isolation or targeted ablation once triggers were induced. The recurrence rate of arrhythmia postablation was 46.7% in the patient‐based analysis and 65% in the procedure‐based analysis. No major complications occurred.ConclusionThis study highlights the significance of recognizing PLSVC as a potential source of AF triggers. The single procedure success rate is low compared to patients without PLSVC. Further studies are warranted to enhance outcomes in this challenging AF population.
A review of migratory Alosidae marine ecology in the northwest Atlantic
Authors: Brown Caliyena R. , Sergio Ava J. A. , Bate Caitlin S. , Koopman Natalie , Roland Joshua B. , Notman‐Grobler Oscar D. P. , Mastrodimitropoulos Paris M. B. , Piczak Morgan L. , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMigratory animals play a crucial role in connecting distinct habitats by transferring matter and energy across ecosystem boundaries. In the North Atlantic, anadromous species exemplify this through their movement between freshwater and marine environments. Alosids, including species such as alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), and American shad (Alosa sapidissima), exhibit this migratory behavior to maximize growth and fecundity and are, therefore, vital components of Atlantic coastal ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, these species have experienced considerable population declines. Due to a research focus on dams and the freshwater phase of their ecology, the marine ecology of Alosids remains much less understood, potentially hindering effective management. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on the marine ecology of anadromous alewife, blueback herring, and American shad in the northwest Atlantic, focusing on life‐history aspects, migratory patterns, and foraging behavior at sea. The paper also outlines current fisheries management and the anthropogenic threats these species face during their marine phase. We identified knowledge gaps regarding marine distribution, migration routes, impacts of climate change on movement and behavior, population dynamics, and the identification of gaspereau. By identifying gaps in the literature, we highlight research needs, emphasizing the role of telemetry studies in tracking marine movements and the impact of climate change on habitat use. Addressing these gaps through targeted research on marine ecology and movement patterns is essential for developing informed management strategies aimed at increasing Alosid populations.
Learning curve of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection of an endoscopist experienced hands‐on training in Japan
Authors: Pattarajierapan Sukit , Saito Yutaka , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Toyoshima Naoya , Wisedopas Naruemon , Wanpiyarat Natcha , Lerttanatum Nathawadee , Khomvilai Supakij 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technically demanding procedure with a steep learning curve. In Japan, the National Cancer Center Hospital allows overseas doctors to participate in hands‐on training. We aimed to assess the colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection performance and learning curve of an endoscopist who participated in hands‐on training.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis using a prospectively collected database, 100 consecutive superficial colorectal tumors from 100 patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection by a colorectal surgeon between January 2020 and May 2024 were included. The cases were grouped into three learning periods: phase I (the initial 30 cases under local expert supervision before training in Japan), phase II (the middle 30 cases), and phase III (the last 40 cases). The primary outcome was resection speed.ResultsThe median resection speed was 5, 11.7, and 13.2 cm2/h in phases I, II, and III, respectively. In matched data, the resection speeds in phases II and III were higher than that in phase I (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). En bloc and R0 resection rates were 99% and 95%, respectively. The en bloc resection, R0 resection, and complication rates were not different between phases. Cumulative sum analysis of the resection speed revealed that proficiency was achieved after 36 cases.ConclusionsAn endoscopist who underwent a tutored approach and hands‐on training in Japan achieved the proficiency benchmarks for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection after 36 cases. However, the endoscopist's extensive experience before training may contribute to excellent outcomes.
Stress tests and biomarkers of resilience: Proceedings of the second state of resilience science conference
Authors: Colón‐Emeric Cathleen , Walston Jeremy , Bartolomucci Alessandro , Carroll Judith , Picard Martin , Salmon Adam , Suglia Shakira , Whitson Heather , Abadir Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe “Stress Tests and Biomarkers of Resilience” conference, hosted by the American Geriatrics Society and the National Institute on Aging, marks the second in a series aimed at advancing the field of resilience science. Held on March 4–5, 2024, in Bethesda, Maryland, this conference built upon the foundational work from the first conference, which focused on defining resilience across various domains—physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. This year's gathering centered around three factors: the biology that underlies resilient outcomes; the social, environmental, genetic, and psychosocial factors that impact that resilience biology; and the biomarker testing and imaging that predicts resilient outcomes for older adults. The presentations and discussions around these topics were underscored by considerations around the many impacts of social determinants of health on resiliency interventions, and by advances in the modern training and research methodologies that influence data collection and experiment design.