bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on minimal models for pmp actions
Authors: Zucker Andy 
Published: July 2019

Given a countable group

G
G

, we say that a metrizable flow

Y
Y

is model-universal if by considering the various invariant measures on

Y
Y

, we can recover every free measure-preserving

G
G

-system up to isomorphism. Weiss in[Dynamical systems and group actions, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2012, pp. 249–264] constructs a minimal model-universal flow. In this note, we provide a new, streamlined construction, allowing us to show that a minimal model-universal flow is far from unique.
A note on the eightfold way
Authors: Gilton Thomas , Krueger John 
Published: July 2019

Assuming the existence of a Mahlo cardinal, we construct a model in which there exists an

ω
2

\omega _2

-Aronszajn tree, the

ω
1

\omega _1

-approachability property fails, and every stationary subset of

ω
2

∩
cof
(
ω
)

\omega _2 \cap \text {cof}(\omega )

reflects. This solves an open problem of Cummings et al. [J. Symb. Log. 83 (2018), no. 1, pp. 349–371]
Eating Insects Athens Conference 2018 and the North American Coalition for Insect Agriculture
Authors: Butner Justin , Shockley Marianne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In August 2018, the North American Coalition for Insect Agriculture (NACIA) organized a 3-d conference, Eating Insects Athens, in Athens, GA. The conference built on the success of the 2016 event, Eating Insects Detroit, and highlighted progress in both research and industry linked to insect agriculture. NACIA was created as a platform to strengthen an industry currently in its infancy. Goals of NACIA include, but are not limited to, promoting discussion about insect agriculture, educating, and streamlining efforts aimed at developing quality products for consumption by humans, livestock, poultry, or aquaculture. The 3-d Eating Insects Athens conference consisted of presentations, outreach events, and small group sessions to further develop the mission of NACIA. This overview article highlights some of the topics discussed at the conference, including optimizing production systems, developing standard operating procedures related to quality assurance, and investigating key issues such as palatability and bioavailability of insect nutrients, allergenicity, animal welfare, and ethics. Such research has the potential to improve the environmental impacts, resource efficiency, public acceptance, and regulatory approval of insect agriculture. Though the field and study of insect agriculture is young, the increased interest in research indicates a promising future.
Night-Shift Work and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Canadian Case-Control Study, the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study
Authors: Barul Christine , Richard Hugues , Parent Marie-Elise 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Night-shift work involving disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with breast cancer risk. A role in prostate cancer is also suspected, but evidence is limited. We investigated the association between night-shift work and prostate cancer incidence in the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study (PROtEuS), a population-based case-control study conducted in 2005–2012 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Participants were 1,904 prostate cancer cases (432 high-grade cancers) and 1,965 population controls. Detailed work schedules for each job held for at least 2 years (n = 15,724) were elicited in face-to-face interviews. Night-shift work was defined as having ever worked ≥3 hours between midnight and 5:00 am ≥3 nights/month for ≥1 year. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between night-shift work and prostate cancer, adjusting for age, ancestry, and education. No association was found between overall prostate cancer and night-shift work metrics, including ever exposure, duration, intensity, cumulative exposure, rotating shifts, and early-morning shifts. For none of the exposure indices was there evidence of heterogeneity in odds ratios between low- and high-grade cancers. Sensitivity analyses restricting exposures to ≥7 nights/month or considering screening history yielded similar results. Our findings lend no support for a major role of night-shift work in prostate cancer development.
Revisiting the functional response in habitat selection for large herbivores: a matter of spatial variation in resource distribution?
Authors: Duparc Antoine , Garel Mathieu , Marchand Pascal , Dubray Dominique , Maillard Daniel , Loison Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost habitats are distributed heterogeneously in space, forcing animals to move according to both habitat characteristics and their needs for energy and safety. Animal space use should therefore vary according to habitat characteristics, a process known as the “functional response” in habitat selection. This response has often been tested vis-à-vis the proportion of a habitat category within areas available to individuals. Measuring sought-after resources in landscape where they are continuously distributed is a challenge and we posit here that both the mean availability of a resource and its spatial variation should be measured. Accordingly, we tested for a functional response in habitat selection according to these two descriptors of the resource available for a mountain herbivore. We hypothesized that selection should decrease with mean value of resources available and increase with its spatial variation. Based on GPS data from 50 chamois females and data on the actual foodscape (i.e., distribution of edible-only biomass in the landscape), we estimated individual selection ratio (during summer months) for biomass at the home range level, comparing edible biomass in individual home ranges and the mean and standard deviation of edible biomass in their available range. Chamois being a group-living species, available accessible ranges were shared by several individuals that formed socio-spatial groups (clusters) in the population. As expected, selection ratios increased with the standard deviation of edible resources in each cluster, but unlike our prediction, was unrelated to its mean. Selection of areas richer in resources hence did not fade away when more resources were available on average, a result that may be explained by the need for this capital breeder species to accumulate fat-reserve at a high rate during summer months. Low spatial variation could limit the selection of chamois, which highlights the importance of resource distribution in the process of habitat selection.
DEEPCON: protein contact prediction using dilated convolutional neural networks with dropout
Authors: Adhikari Badri 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Exciting new opportunities have arisen to solve the protein contact prediction problem from the progress in neural networks and the availability of a large number of homologous sequences through high-throughput sequencing. In this work, we study how deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) may be best designed and developed to solve this long-standing problem.

Results
With publicly available datasets, we designed and trained various ConvNet architectures. We tested several recent deep learning techniques including wide residual networks, dropouts and dilated convolutions. We studied the improvements in the precision of medium-range and long-range contacts, and compared the performance of our best architectures with the ones used in existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed ConvNet architectures predict contacts with significantly more precision than the architectures used in several state-of-the-art methods. When trained using the DeepCov dataset consisting of 3456 proteins and tested on PSICOV dataset of 150 proteins, our architectures achieve up to 15% higher precision when L/2 long-range contacts are evaluated. Similarly, when trained using the DNCON2 dataset consisting of 1426 proteins and tested on 84 protein domains in the CASP12 dataset, our single network achieves 4.8% higher precision than the ensembled DNCON2 method when top L long-range contacts are evaluated.

Availability and implementation
DEEPCON is available at https://github.com/badriadhikari/DEEPCON/.
Towards an Integrative, Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Ecological Novelty: Studying and Communicating Interlinked Effects of Global Change
Authors: Heger Tina , Bernard-Verdier Maud , Gessler Arthur , Greenwood Alex D , Grossart Hans-Peter , Hilker Monika , Keinath Silvia , Kowarik Ingo , Kueffer Christoph , Marquard Elisabeth , Müller Johannes , Niemeier Stephanie , Onandia Gabriela , Petermann Jana S , Rillig Matthias C , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Saul Wolf-Christian , Schittko Conrad , Tockner Klement , Joshi Jasmin , Jeschke Jonathan M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal change has complex eco-evolutionary consequences for organisms and ecosystems, but related concepts (e.g., novel ecosystems) do not cover their full range. Here we propose an umbrella concept of “ecological novelty” comprising (1) a site-specific and (2) an organism-centered, eco-evolutionary perspective. Under this umbrella, complementary options for studying and communicating effects of global change on organisms, ecosystems, and landscapes can be included in a toolbox. This allows researchers to address ecological novelty from different perspectives, e.g., by defining it based on (a) categorical or continuous measures, (b) reference conditions related to sites or organisms, and (c) types of human activities. We suggest striving for a descriptive, non-normative usage of the term “ecological novelty” in science. Normative evaluations and decisions about conservation policies or management are important, but require additional societal processes and engagement with multiple stakeholders.
Projected Population Benefit of Increased Effectiveness and Coverage of Influenza Vaccination on Influenza Burden in the United States
Authors: Hughes Michelle M , Reed Carrie , Flannery Brendan , Garg Shikha , Singleton James A , Fry Alicia M , Rolfes Melissa A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza; however, greater benefits could be achieved. To help guide research and policy agendas, we aimed to quantify the magnitude of influenza disease that would be prevented through targeted increases in vaccine effectiveness (VE) or vaccine coverage (VC).

Methods
For 3 influenza seasons (2011–12, 2015–16, and 2017–18), we used a mathematical model to estimate the number of prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medically attended illnesses, and hospitalizations across 5 age groups. Compared with estimates of prevented illness during each season, given observed VE and VC, we explored the number of additional outcomes that would have been prevented from a 5% absolute increase in VE or VC or from achieving 60% VE or 70% VC.

Results
During the 2017–18 season, compared with the burden already prevented by influenza vaccination, a 5% absolute VE increase would have prevented an additional 1 050 000 illnesses and 25 000 hospitalizations (76% among those aged ≥65 years), while achieving 60% VE would have prevented an additional 190 000 hospitalizations. A 5% VC increase would have resulted in 785 000 fewer illnesses (56% among those aged 18–64 years) and 11 000 fewer hospitalizations; reaching 70% would have prevented an additional 39 000 hospitalizations.

Conclusions
Small, attainable improvements in effectiveness or VC of the influenza vaccine could lead to substantial additional reductions in the influenza burden in the United States. Improvements in VE would have the greatest impact in reducing hospitalizations in adults aged ≥65 years, and VC improvements would have the largest benefit in reducing illnesses in adults aged 18–49 years.
Each Additional Day of Antibiotics Is Associated With Lower Gut Anaerobes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Rooney Ashley M , Timberlake Kathryn , Brown Kevin A , Bansal Saumya , Tomlinson Christopher , Lee Kyong-Soon , Science Michelle , Coburn Bryan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiscontinuation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy is an important target for stewardship intervention. The drug and duration-dependent effects of antibiotics on the developing neonatal gut microbiota needs to be precisely quantified.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing on stool swab samples collected from neonatal intensive care unit patients within 7 days of discontinuation of therapy who received ampicillin and tobramycin (AT), ampicillin and cefotaxime (AC), or ampicillin, tobramycin, and metronidazole (ATM). We compared taxonomic composition within term and preterm infant groups between treatment regimens. We calculated adjusted effect estimates for antibiotic type and duration of therapy on the richness of obligate anaerobes and known butyrate-producers in all infants.ResultsA total of 72 infants were included in the study. Term infants received AT (20/28; 71%) or AC (8/28; 29%) with median durations of 3 and 3.5 days, respectively. Preterm infants received AT (32/44; 73%) or ATM (12/44; 27%) with median durations of 4 and 7 days, respectively. Compositional analyses of 67 stool swab samples demonstrated low diversity and dominance by potential pathogens. Within 1 week of discontinuation of therapy, each additional day of antibiotics was associated with lower richness of obligate anaerobes (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], .73–.95) and butyrate-producers (aRR, 0.82; 95% CI, .67–.97).ConclusionsEach additional day of antibiotics was associated with lower richness of anaerobes and butyrate-producers within 1 week after therapy. A longitudinally sampled cohort with preexposure sampling is needed to validate our results.
Depletion-of-susceptibles Bias in Analyses of Intra-season Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Ray G Thomas , Lewis Ned , Klein Nicola P , Daley Matthew F , Lipsitch Marc , Fireman Bruce 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bias arises in studies of waning vaccine effectiveness when higher-risk individuals are depleted from the at-risk population at different rates between study groups. We examined how this bias arises and how to avoid it. A reanalysis of data from California confirmed a finding of intra-season waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
Antithrombotic therapy in the early phase of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Galli Mattia , Andreotti Felicita , D’Amario Domenico , Vergallo Rocco , Vescovo Giovanni Maria , Giraldi Luca , Migliaro Stefano , Ameri Pietro , Porto Italo , Crea Filippo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Despite the increasing use of early invasive strategies in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), optimal initial antithrombotic therapy (ATT) based on the safety/efficacy profile of all guideline-recommended combinations remains crucial for the early management of both medically and invasively treated NSTE-ACS patients.

Methods and results
Randomized controlled trials on ATT in NSTE-ACS/unstable angina reporting early (within 14 days) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding were selected. Overall, 3799 studies were screened, 117 clinical trials were assessed as potentially eligible, 20 trials were included in the study. According to treatment and type of intervention, nine different meta-analyses were performed including a total of 88 748 patients. A significant reduction of trial-defined MACE was found for aspirin vs. placebo [odds ratio (OR), 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34–0.96], heparin vs. placebo (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.97), aspirin + heparin vs. placebo (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18–0.59), aspirin + heparin vs. aspirin (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42–0.79), aspirin + low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) vs. aspirin + unfractionated heparin (UFH; OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69–0.95) and aspirin + ticagrelor/prasugrel + heparins vs. aspirin + clopidogrel + heparins (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.94). A significant decrease in major bleeding was found only for fondaparinux vs. LMWH on the background of aspirin + clopidogrel (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.44–0.62) despite a clear trend towards increased bleeding for heparin compared to aspirin, aspirin + heparin compared to placebo, aspirin + heparin compared to aspirin, aspirin + P2Y12inhibitors + UFH/LMWH compared to aspirin + UFH/LMWH, and aspirin + ticagrelor/prasugrel + heparins compared to aspirin + clopidogrel + heparins.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, these findings are the first to report the safety and efficacy of all the various combinations of currently recommended ATT for the early management of NSTE-ACS, providing a comprehensive evidence-base to guide decisions depending on the patients’ bleeding risk and treatment strategy.
Mortality reduction with physical activity in patients with and without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jeong Sang-Woo , Kim Sun-Hwa , Kang Si-Hyuck , Kim Hee-Jun , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Physical activity has been shown to reduce mortality in a dose-response fashion. Current guidelines recommend 500–1000 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min per week of regular physical activity. This study aimed to compare the impact of leisure-time physical activity on mortality in primary versus secondary cardiovascular prevention.

Methods and results
This study included a total of 131 558 and 310 240 subjects with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), respectively, from a population-based cohort. Leisure-time physical activity was measured by self-report questionnaires. The study subjects were followed-up for a median of 5.9 years, and the main study outcome was all-cause mortality. There was an inverse relationship between the physical activity level and the mortality risk in both groups. The benefit in the secondary prevention group was shown to be greater than that in the primary prevention group: every 500 MET-min/week increase in physical activity resulted in a 14% and 7% risk reduction in mortality in the secondary and primary prevention groups, respectively (interaction P &lt; 0.001). In addition, while individuals without CVD benefited the most between 1 and 500 MET-min/week of physical activity, the benefit in those with CVD continued above 500 − 1000 MET-min/week. The adjusted mortality risk of individuals with CVD who performed a high level of physical activity (≥1000 MET-min/week) was shown to be comparable to or lower than that of their counterparts without CVD.

Conclusion
Individuals with CVD may benefit from physical activity to a greater extent than do healthy subjects without CVD.
Impact of monitoring on detection of arrhythmia recurrences in the ESC-EHRA EORP atrial fibrillation ablation long-term registry
Authors: Balabanski Tosho , Brugada Josep , Arbelo Elena , Laroche Cécile , Maggioni Aldo , Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Kautzner Josef , Tavazzi Luigi , Tritto Massimo , Kulakowski Piotr , Kalejs Oskars , Forster Tamas , Villalobos Federico Segura , Dagres Nikolaos ,   on behalf of the ESC-EHRA Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long-Term Registry investigators Group
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Monitoring of patients after ablation had wide variations in the ESC-EHRA atrial fibrillation ablation long-term (AFA-LT) registry. We aimed to compare four different monitoring strategies after catheter AF ablation.

Methods and results
The ESC-EHRA AFA-LT registry included 3593 patients who underwent ablation. Arrhythmia monitoring during follow-up was performed by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, trans-telephonic ECG monitoring (TTMON), or an implanted cardiac monitoring (ICM) system. Patients were selected to a given monitoring group according to the most extensive ECG tool used in each of them. Comparison of the probability of freedom from recurrences was performed by censored log-rank test and presented by Kaplan–Meier curves. The rhythm monitoring methods were used among 2658 patients: ECG (N = 578), Holter ECG (N = 1874), TTMON (N = 101), and ICM (N = 105). A total of 767 of 2658 patients (28.9%) had AF recurrences during follow-up. Censored log-rank test discovered a lower probability of freedom from relapses, which was detected with ICM compared to TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG (P < 0.001). The rate of freedom from AF recurrences was 50.5% among patients using the ICM while it was 65.4%, 70.6%, and 72.8% using the TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG, respectively.

Conclusion
Comparing all main electrocardiographic monitoring methods in a large patient sample, our results suggest that post-ablation recurrences of AF are significantly underreported by TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG. The ICM estimates AF ablation recurrences most reliably and should be a preferred mode of monitoring for trials evaluating novel AF ablation techniques.
No impact of sports practice before or after atrial fibrillation ablation on procedure efficacy in athletes: a case–control study
Authors: Decroocq Marie , Ninni Sandro , Klein Cédric , Machuron François , Verbrugge Eric , Klug Didier , Brigadeau François , Lacroix Dominique 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Limited data exist on the efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) for sport-related atrial fibrillation (AF). Impact of sports practice resumption post-CA remains unknown. We aimed to determine AF CA efficacy in athletes vs. non-athletes, and to assess the impact of sport practice resumption.

Methods and results
From 1153 first-time AF CA performed between 2009 and 2017, 73 athletes were matched with 73 sedentary patients based on age, sex, and closest CA procedure date. Athletes were defined as performing ≥6 h/week of vigorous sports to achieve ≥2000 h accumulated lifetime sports activity. They were mostly males (93.2%) with a mean age of 55 ± 9.8 years. Before CA, athletes practiced 10.2 ± 3.9 h/week of vigorous exercise vs. 4.6 ± 3.4 after CA. Within first year after CA, physical activity was stopped in 12 (16.4%) athletes, lowered in 45 (61.9%), and resumed at same intensity in 16 (21.9%). Athletes and non-athletes suffered from same AF recurrence rates during 5-year follow-up after CA: 38 (52.0%) vs. 35 (47.9%), respectively [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) on age, body mass index (BMI), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 1.17 (0.70–1.97, P = 0.54)]. No significant impact of physical activity resumption status was found regarding AF recurrence rates at 1-year and beyond (P = 0.60). Procedure effectiveness was significantly lower in athletes with non-paroxysmal AF [adjusted on age, BMI, reduced LVEF, and OSA HR 2.36 (confidence interval 1.19–4.70), P = 0.01].

Conclusion
Sports practice before and after CA has no significant impact on AF recurrence rates in athletes within 5-year after AF CA.