bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling and Reflection Behaviors of Polaritons in Low‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Shen Peiyue , Luo Xingdong , Lyu Bosai , Deng Aolin , Hu Cheng , Chen Jiajun , Shi Zhiwen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolaritons in low‐dimensional materials have shown their unique capabilities to concentrate light at the deep subwavelength scale. They behave quite differently from those in conventional metals. On the one hand, the strongly confined polaritons exhibit a large tunability in wavelength following different scaling behaviors in different systems. On the other hand, they show novel reflection behaviors when they encounter topographic boundaries or electronic discontinuities. Here, recent progress on the scaling and reflection behaviors of strongly confined polaritons in three representative low‐dimensional material systems is reviewed. It is shown that the polariton wavelength changes sensitively with carrier density, thickness, and the number of conducting channels for graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and carbon nanotubes. Also, it is demonstrated how polaritons reflect in low‐dimensional materials when encountering edges, corrugations, domain walls, strain regions, etc.
Titan(III)‐katalysierte, reduktive Decyanierung geminaler Dinitrile ohne freie Radikalintermediate
Authors: Weweler Jens , Younas Sara L. , Streuff Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEs wird über eine titankatalysierte Monodecyanierung geminaler Dinitrile berichtet, die unter milden Bedingungen abläuft, zahlreiche funktionelle Gruppen toleriert und auch auf quartäre Malononitrile angewendet werden kann. Eine entsprechende Desulfonylierung wird ebenfalls vorgestellt. Mechanistische Untersuchungen unterstützen eine katalysatorkontrollierte Spaltung ohne freie Radikale, was im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen stöchiometrischen radikalischen Decyanierungen steht. Die Beteiligung zweier TiIII‐Spezies an der C‐C‐Bindunsspaltung wird vorgeschlagen und die Rolle der Additive ZnCl2 und Coll⋅HCl näher untersucht.
In situ Spectroscopic Insight into the Origin of the Enhanced Performance of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Authors: Wang Ya‐Hao , Le Jia‐Bo , Li Wei‐Qiong , Wei Jie , Radjenovic Petar M. , Zhang Hua , Zhou Xiao‐Shun , Cheng Jun , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is vital to understand the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism at the molecular level for the rational design and synthesis of high activity fuel‐cell catalysts. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique capable of detecting the bond vibrations of surface species in the low wavenumber range, however, using it to probe practical nanocatalysts remains extremely challenging. Herein, shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) was used to investigate ORR processes on the surface of bimetallic Pt3Co nanocatalyst structures. Direct spectroscopic evidence of *OOH suggests that ORR undergoes an associative mechanism on Pt3Co in both acidic and basic environments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the weak *O adsorption arise from electronic effect on the Pt3Co surface accounts for enhanced ORR activity. This work shows SHINERS is a promising technique for the real‐time observation of catalytic processes.
Assembled synthesis of luminescent mono/double‐layered 2D and 3D Zn (II)‐based coordination polymers tuned by flexible bis (pyridyl)propane‐1,2‐diamines and diverse organic dicarboxylates
Authors: Zhu Li‐Na , Deng Zhao‐Peng , Huo Li‐Hua , Gao Shan 
Published: September 2019

Six mono/double‐layered 2D and three 3D coordination polymers were synthesized by a self‐assembly reaction of Zn (II) salts, organic dicarboxylic acids and L1/L2 ligands. These polymeric formulas are named as [Zn(L1)(C4H2O4)0.5 (H2O)]n·0.5n(C4H2O4)·2nH2O (1), [Zn2(L2)(C4H2O4)2]n·2nH2O (2), [Zn(L1)(m‐BDC)]n (3), [Zn2(L2)(m‐BDC)2]n·2nH2O (4), [Zn3(L1)2(p‐BDC)3(H2O)4]n·2nH2O (5), [Zn2(OH)(L2) (p‐BDC)1.5]n (6), [Zn2(L1)(p‐BDC)2]n·5nH2O (7), [Zn2(L2)(p‐BDC)2]n·3nH2O (8) and [Zn2(L1)(C4H4O4)1.5(H2O)]n·n(ClO4)·nH2O (9) [L1 = N,N′‐bis (pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)propane‐1,2‐diamine, L2 = N,N′‐bis (pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)propane‐1,2‐ diamine, m‐BDC2− = m‐benzene dicarboxylate, p‐BDC2− = p‐benzene dicarboxylate]. Meanwhile, these polymers have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, thermogravimetry (TG), photoluminescence, powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Polymers 1–6 present mono‐ and double (4,4)‐layer motifs accomplished by L1/L2 ligands with diverse conformations and organic dicarboxylates, and the layer thickness locates in the range of 5.8–15.0 Å. In three 3D polymers, the L1 and L2 molecules adopt the same cis‐conformations and join adjacent Zn (II) cations together with p‐BDC2− or succinate, giving rise to different binodal (4,4)‐c nets with (4.52.83)(4.53.72) (7), pts (8) topology and twofold interpenetrated binodal (5,5)‐c nets with (32.44.52.62)(3.43.52.64) (9). Therefore, the diverse conformations of the two bis (pyridyl)‐propane‐1,2‐diamines and the feature of different organic dicarboxylate can effectively influence the architectures of these polymers. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns demonstrate that these bulk solid polymers are pure phase. TG analyses indicate that these polymers have certain thermal stability. Luminescent investigation reveals that the emission maximum of these polymers varies from 402 to 449 nm in the solid state at room temperature. Moreover, 1, 3 and 5–8 show average luminescence lifetimes from 8.81 to 16.30 ns.
Water‐annealing treatment for edible silk fibroin coatings from fibrous waste
Authors: Jaramillo‐Quiceno N. , Restrepo‐Osorio A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSilk fibroin (SF) is an engineered biopolymer with properties that are desirable for the development of food preservation materials, such as edible coatings or packaging. In this study, SF from fibrous waste was assessed for the first time as an edible coating for strawberries. Relationships were established between the structural properties of SF thin films obtained from silk waste, both untreated (SFW) and water annealed (WA‐SFW) and their morphology and performance as edible strawberry coatings. According to the results obtained, the water‐annealing treatment led to a structural modification in SF films. The strawberries coated with WA‐SFW exhibited better performance during storage by reducing weight loss and preserving its visual appearance. The analysis of metal contaminants showed that SFs obtained from fibrous waste are relatively nontoxic. Therefore, using this raw material for the development of edible coatings in perishable fruits is considered promising. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48505.
Citizen science helps assessing spatio‐temporal distribution of sea turtles in foraging areas
Authors: Casale Paolo , Ciccocioppo Amedeo , Vagnoli Giulia , Rigoli Alessandro , Freggi Daniela , Tolve Livia , Luschi Paolo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Spatio‐temporal distribution is fundamental information for species of conservation concern, like sea turtles, that are threatened by anthropogenic activities at sea such as fishing. While coarse‐scale distribution information is available for several sea turtle populations, fine‐scale distribution informing on hot‐spot areas for spatial management is more difficult to obtain.
Here a citizen science approach involving tourism boats was undertaken to investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Pelagie Archipelago, located in a major foraging area for this species in the Mediterranean and where high fishing‐induced mortality occurs. The study was designed to provide data of absence and total sampling effort, commonly under‐reported in citizen science studies, allowing comparison among zones and periods. This was complemented by reports from fishing vessels.
Tourism boats reported 584 loggerhead turtle sightings during 1718 daily trips and fishing vessels reported 280 loggerhead turtles captured during 1040 fishing days. The results indicate a strong heterogeneous distribution in the Archipelago, with a low turtle occurrence around the main island, Lampedusa, where the highest human presence and activity occur. This may represent rare evidence of displacement behaviour of turtles that is worth further investigation. This also suggests that the current small marine protected area around Lampedusa has a low conservation impact. Zones with higher loggerhead turtle occurrence appear to be in the south and the west parts of the Archipelago, suggesting that spatial management would be possible when relatively small hot‐spots have been identified through specific surveys.
This study shows the potential of citizen science for providing preliminary information to guide more demanding and specific investigations. Such an approach may tremendously and rapidly improve the current knowledge on fine‐scale sea turtle distribution in regions with a great extension of coastlines and intensive tourist activities, such as the Mediterranean.
Hybrides Hochhaus setzt neue Maßstäbe
Authors: Jacob‐Freitag Susanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Heilbronn steht das derzeit höchste Holzhochhaus Deutschlands: das zehngeschossige Holz‐Hybrid‐Gebäude namens Skaio. 34 m hoch und nach den Plänen des Berliner Architekturbüros Kaden+Lager gebaut, gehört es zur Stadtausstellung der Bundesgartenschau (BUGA) 2019. Sockelgeschoss und Treppenhauskern des von Züblin Timber nach dem Skelettbauprinzip errichteten Mischbaus bestehen aus Stahlbeton, die Stützen aus Brettschichtholz, ein Teil der Träger aus Stahlprofilen, für Wände und Decken hat man verschiedene Holzbauweisen genutzt, wie den Holzrahmenbau in Kombination mit Brettsperrholz für die Wandelemente bzw. Brettsperrholz als Holzmassivbauweise für die Deckenscheiben. Als Fassadenbekleidung kamen Leichtmetallplatten zum Einsatz. Insgesamt 5 685 m2 Bruttogeschossfläche verteilen sich auf zehn Stockwerke. Das Brandschutzkonzept ermöglichte es, die Gebäudehülle mit Holzelementen auszuführen.
Bemessung der Verankerung von Befestigungen in Beton
Authors: Fuchs Werner , Eligehausen Rolf , Hofmann Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie neue EN 1992‐4 wurde auf Basis der bewährten Vornormenreihe CEN/TS 1992‐4 zum Eurocode weiterentwickelt und in einem Dokument zusammengefasst. Sie enthält Bemessungsverfahren für Kopfbolzen, mechanische und chemische Befestigungsmittel sowie Ankerschienen in tragenden Beton‐ und Stahlbetonkonstruktionen. Voraussetzung für die Bemessung nach EN 1992‐4 ist, dass die zu bemessenden Befestigungsmittel eine Europäische Technische Spezifikation wie z. B. eine Europäische Technische Beurteilung (ETA) besitzen. Die Bemessungsverfahren stellen den aktuellen Stand der Technik dar. Die EN 1992‐4 gilt für alle Anwendungen, die in den Bereich der EN 1992‐1 fallen, und ist deshalb auch ein Bestandteil von Eurocode 2 geworden. Zudem enthält EN 1992‐4 Regelungen, die eine Bemessung für seismische Beanspruchungen in Übereinstimmung mit EN 1998 erlauben. Die Bemessung des Anbauteils ist nicht abgedeckt. Die Inhalte der EN 1992‐4 und einige Hintergründe dazu werden in diesem Beitrag kurz vorgestellt.
Functional connectivity between white matter and gray matter based on fMRI for Alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: Zhao Jie , Ding Xuetong , Du Yuhang , Wang Xuehu , Men Guozun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that generally starts slowly and leads to deterioration over time. Finding biomarkers more effective to predict AD transition is important for clinical medicine. And current research indicated that the lesion regions occur in both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM).MethodsThis paper extracted BOLD time series from WM and GM, combined WM and GM together for analysis, constructed functional connectivity (FC) of static (sWGFC) and dynamic (dWGFC) between WM and GM, as well as static (sGFC) and dynamic (dGFC) FC within GM in order to evaluate the methods and areas most useful as feature sets for distinguishing NC from AD. These features will be evaluated using support vector machine (SVM) classifiers.ResultsThe FC constructed by WM BOLD time series based on fMRI showed widely differences between the AD group and NC group. In terms of the results of the classification, the performance of feature subsets selected from sWGFC was better than sGFC, and the performance of feature subsets selected from dWGFC was better than dGFC. Overall, the feature subsets selected from dWGFC was the best.ConclusionThese results indicated that there is a wide range of disconnection between WM and GM in AD, and association between WM and GM based on fMRI only is an effective strategy, and the FC between WM and GM could be a potential biomarker in the process of cognitive impairment and AD.
Enzymatic preparation of food‐grade l‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine from soy phosphatidylcholine or fractionated soy lecithin
Authors: Kim Jeongeun , Song Yejin , Lee Soo Jeong , Lee Jung Eun , Chung Min‐Yu , Kim In‐Hwan , Kim Byung Hee 
Published: September 2019

Abstractl‐α‐Glycerylphosphorylcholine (l‐α‐GPC) is a biosynthetic precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in humans, making it a useful as a cognitive enhancer for treating patients with stroke and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to prepare l‐α‐GPC via Novozym 435 (an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B)‐catalyzed hydrolysis of soy phosphatidylcholine or a fractionated soy lecithin, from which triacylglycerols were completely removed, followed by food‐grade solvent extraction of l‐α‐GPC from the reaction products. The reaction was performed in n‐hexane–water biphasic media in a stirred‐batch reactor. Phosphatidylcholine was completely hydrolyzed to l‐α‐GPC under optimal conditions: temperature, 55°C; water content, 100 wt% of the substrate weight; enzyme loading, 10 wt% of the substrate weight; and reaction time of 6 hr (for soy phosphatidylcholine) or 8 hr (for fractionated soy lecithin). Water‐soluble fractions of the reaction products containing 98.6 area% l‐α‐GPC (from soy phosphatidylcholine) or 52.4 area% glycerophosphodiesters, including l‐α‐GPC (from fractionated soy lecithin), were obtained after phase separation of the media. The resulting products would be suitable for use as food‐grade cognitive enhancers because of the use of enzymatic reaction and food‐grade solvent extraction.
Enhanced Cycling Performance of Magnesium‐Doped Lithium Cobalt Phosphate
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Miller David N. , Irvine John T. S. , Armstrong A. Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe cycling performance of LiCoPO4 (LCP) as a high voltage positive electrode material in lithium‐ion batteries is enhanced by partial magnesium substitution for cobalt. Structural investigation of magnesium‐doped LCP using combined powder neutron and X‐ray diffraction reveals a decrease in anti‐site defects. In addition, the reduced unit cell volume variation during the charging process is observed by operando X‐ray diffraction measurements. Characterisation of the surface shows the presence of a Mg‐rich layer on the surface that might prevent detrimental reactions with the electrolyte. The combined beneficial effects of magnesium doping in LCP result in improved capacity retention.
Fine‐needle aspiration of the Warthin‐like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A report of three cases
Authors: Xavier‐Júnior José Cândido C. , Camilo‐Júnior Deolino João , D'Ávilla Solange Correa G. P. , Mattar Neivio J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn English literature, there are only few reports of Warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma. We presented three cases and provided clinical, grossing, cytological, and histological correlation. In our point of view, the diagnosis of Warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma is feasible based on cytomorphological aspects. Usually those cases present moderately or highly cellular smears with many atypical Hürthle cells showing obvious papillary thyroid carcinoma nuclear features and without papillary structures, even if the inflammatory background is mild.
Development of a novel sacrificial‐energy dissipation outrigger system for tall buildings
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Liao Wenjie , Cui Yao , Jiang Qing , Zhu Yaning 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe frame‐core tube‐outrigger structural system is widely used in tall buildings, in which outriggers coordinate the deformation between the core tube and the moment frame, leading to a larger structural lateral stiffness. Existing studies indicate that outriggers can be designed as “fuses” of tall buildings through dissipating seismic energy after yielding, to protect the main structure. To date, both conventional and buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) outriggers have been applied in practice. Subjected to the maximum considered earthquake (MCE), the hardening effect of BRB outriggers increases the damage of other structural components. Meanwhile, conventional outriggers are difficult to repair, owing to the local buckling‐induced severe deterioration and damage. To overcome these problems, this study proposes a novel sacrificial‐energy dissipation outrigger (SEDO) to improve the seismic resilience of tall buildings. The chords of SEDO are made of high‐strength steel and remain elastic. The inclined braces of the SEDO are composed of a sacrificial part and an energy‐dissipating part. Therefore, the SEDO remains elastic under design‐based earthquakes (DBEs) and dissipates inelastic energy under MCEs. Moreover, the detailing of this novel SEDO is proposed on the basis of experimental studies. The optimal strength ratio between the sacrificial part and the energy‐dissipating part is determined in the range of 6:4 to 4:6 on the basis of nonlinear time history analyses (THAs) and parametric studies. Afterwards, the SEDOs are used in an actual tall building to verify their seismic performances through nonlinear THAs. The results indicate the proposed SEDO is able to protect other structural components and effectively improve the seismic resilience of tall buildings.
Protective microbiomes can limit the evolution of host pathogen defense
Authors: Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Koskella Britt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe evolution of host immunity occurs in the context of the microbiome, but little theory exists to predict how resistance against pathogens might be influenced by the need to tolerate and regulate commensal microbiota. We present a general model to explore the optimal investment in host immunity under conditions in which the host can, versus cannot easily distinguish among commensal versus pathogenic bacteria, and when commensal microbiota can, versus cannot protect the host against the impacts of pathogen infection. We find that a loss of immune vigilance associated with innate immunity over evolutionary time can occur due to the challenge of discriminating between pathogenic and other microbe species. Further, we find the greater the protective effect of microbiome species, acting either directly or via competition with a pathogen, or the higher the costs of immunity, the more likely the loss of immune vigilance is. Conversely, this effect can be reversed when pathogens increase host mortality. Generally, the magnitude of costs of immunity required to allow evolution of decreased immune vigilance are predicted to be lowest when microbiome and pathogen species most resemble each other (in terms of host recognition), and when immune effects on the pathogen are weak. Our model framework makes explicit the core trade-offs likely to shape the evolution of immunity in the context of microbiome/pathogen discrimination. We discuss how this informs interpretation of patterns and process in natural systems, including vulnerability to pathogen emergence.
Expression of the long noncoding RNA RP11‐169D4.1‐001 in Hypopharyngeal Squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its clinical significance
Authors: Shen Zhisen , Wu Linrong , Hao Wenjuan , Li Qun , Zhou Chongchang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased research efforts have demonstrated that lncRNAs are associated with multiple head and neck tumors and play important roles in cancer. We previously found that RP11‐169D4.1‐001 plays a tumor‐suppressive role in laryngeal cancer, but its function in human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains unknown. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between RP11‐169D4.1‐001 expression and HSCC clinicopathological features.MethodsReal‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of RP11‐169D4.1‐001 in 70 pairs of HSCC and adjacent normal tissues.ResultsThe expression level of RP11‐169D4.1‐001 in HSCC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P = .001). The expression of RP11‐169D4.1‐001 had no significant relationship with tumor differentiation, stage, smoking, drinking, age, tumor location, or treatment. RP11‐169D4.1‐001 expression was associated with T category (P = .008) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001). Survival data were assessed by Kaplan‐Meier curves. Patients with high RP11‐169D4.1‐001 expression were found to have a shorter overall survival than patients with low RP11‐169D4.1‐001 expression. Multivariate analysis also indicated that target RNA was an independent factor for prognosis. The ROC curve was constructed to clarify the diagnostic value of RP11‐169D4.1‐001.ConclusionsRP11‐169D4.1‐001 may serve as a new biomarker and potential drug target and can be used as a new biomarker and a potential drug target for the detection and treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer, respectively. Furthermore, RP11‐169D4.1‐001 expression may be an independent prognostic factor affecting the survival of hypopharyngeal cancer patients.
Design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity of novel isoxazole derivatives containing bisamide moiety
Authors: Yang Zaibo , Zhao Yang , Li Pei , He Yinju 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, a total of 31 novel isoxazole derivatives containing bisamide moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella). Bioassays indicated that some of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. In particular, compound E26 revealed excellent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 4.6 μg/mL, which was even better than those of chlorpyrifos (7.7 μg/mL), beta‐cypermethrin (12.8 μg/mL), and azadirachtin (10.2 μg/mL). These results indicated that isoxazole derivatives containing bisamide moiety could be developed as novel and promising insecticides. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the insecticidal activity of this series of novel isoxazole derivatives containing bisamide moiety.
An efficient strategy for synthesis of 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diarylpyrano[4,3‐b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐one derivatives in water
Authors: Huang Hanqiang , Fu Tangming , Hu Jiawen , Li Chunmei , Zhang Furen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient approach for the synthesis of 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diarylpyrano[4,3‐b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐one derivatives has been established. The reaction was performed in aqueous media using readily available and inexpensive 6‐methyl‐4‐(phenylamino)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one and nitroolefin as substrates. The present methodology shows many attractive advantages, such as using water as green reaction media, inexpensive and environmentally friendly acetic acid as catalyst, easy work‐up procedure, and good to excellent yields.