bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal attributions for somatic sensations in patients
with chronic fatigue syndrome and their partners
Authors: BUTLER J. A. , CHALDER T. , WESSELY S. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often make somatic attributions for
their illness which has been associated with poor outcome. A tendency to make somatic attributions
in general may be a vulnerability factor for the development of CFS.Methods. This cross-sectional study based on self-report questionnaire data aimed to investigate
the type of attributions for symptoms made by patients with CFS and to compare this to
attributions made by their partners. It was hypothesized that patients with CFS would make more
somatic attributions for their own symptoms than control subjects and that partners of patients
with CFS would make more somatic attributions for their ill relative's symptoms but would be
similar to controls regarding their own symptoms. Fifty patients with CFS were compared to 50
controls from a fracture clinic in the same hospital and 46 relatives living with the patients with
CFS. A modified Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire was used to assess causal attributions.Results. CFS patients were more likely to make somatic attributions for their symptoms. The
relatives of patients with CFS made significantly more somatic attributions for symptoms in their
ill relative. However, they were like the fracture clinic controls in terms of making predominantly
normalizing attributions for their own symptoms.Conclusions. The data support modification of existing cognitive behavioural treatments for CFS
to investigate whether addressing partners' attributions for patients' symptoms improves recovery
in the patient. Furthermore, a tendency to make somatic attributions for symptoms may be a
vulnerability factor for the development of CFS.
Binge eating and eating attitudes among Nazi concentration camp survivors
Authors: FAVARO A. , RODELLA F. C. , SANTONASTASO P. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Prisoners in Nazi concentration camps lived through extreme situations that included
starvation. We test our hypothesis that there is a greater lifetime presence of binge eating among
survivors from concentration camps than in a control group.Methods. The subjects were 51 political prisoners who survived Nazi concentration camps and 47
ex-partisans of similar age and sex. A clinical interview investigated the lifetime occurrence of binge
eating. The Eating Attitudes Test was also administered.Results. The mean reported loss of weight among survivors was 27·3 kg. Thirty-three per cent of
them and 4% of the ex-partisans reported going on eating binges at some time in their lives
(P < 0·0007). There was no significant difference in the Eating Attitudes Test scores of survivors
and ex-partisans, but, among survivors, the Bulimia subscale significantly discriminated subjects
who reported current binge eating.Conclusions. Our study confirms that subjects who have survived a period of extreme food
deprivation are more likely to develop binge eating behaviour.
Onset of disability in depressed and non-depressed
primary care patients
Authors: ORMEL J. , VONKORFF M. , OLDEHINKEL A. J. , SIMON G. , TIEMENS B. G. , ÜSTÜN T. B. 
Published: July 2002

Background. While cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have consistently found depressive
illness and disability to be related, understanding whether depression leads to subsequent onset of
disability is limited.Methods. In the context of the multi-centre international WHO Collaborative Study on
Psychological Problems in General Health Care, we followed prospectively consulting non-elderly
primary care patients who were essentially disability free at baseline but who differed in baseline
depression status, comprising 1051 patients free of physical disability at baseline including 14%
depression; 914 free of social disability including 9% depression. Depression status was assessed
with the CIDI; patient-reported physical disability with the MOS physical functioning scale and
social disability with the BDQ role functioning and number of disability days measures;
investigator-rated social disability with the Occupational section of Groningen Social Disability
schedule; and the treating physicians rated the severity of physical illness.Results. In patients essentially disability free at baseline, depressive illness resulted in a 1·5-fold (at
3 months) and a 1·8-fold (at 12 months) increase in risk of onset of physical disability, after
controlling for physical disease severity. Depressive illness also resulted in a 2·2-fold (at 3 months)
and a 2·3-fold (at 12 months) increase in risk of onset of social disability, after controlling for
physical disease severity, physical disability and onset of physical disability.Conclusions. Among non-elderly primary care patients, depressive illness is associated with onset of
physical disability and shows an even stronger association with onset of social disability.
Calculation of Fuchsian groups associated to billiards in a rational triangle
Authors: WARD CLAYTON C. 
Published: July 2002

We define, following Veech, the Fuchsian group $\Gamma(P)$ of a rational polygon $P$. If $P$ is simply-connected, then ‘rational’ is equivalent to the condition that all interior angles of $P$ be rational multiples of $\pi$. Should it happen that $\Gamma(P)$ has finite covolume in $\mathop{\rm PSL}\nolimits (2, {\Bbb R})$ (and is thus a {\it lattice}), then a theorem of Veech states that every billiard path in $P$ is either finite or uniformly distributed in $P$.We consider the Fuchsian groups of various rational triangles. First, we calculate explicitly the Fuchsian groups of a new sequence of triangles, and discover they are lattices. Interestingly, the lattices found are not commensurable with those previously known. We then demonstrate a class of triangles whose Fuchsian groups are {\it not\/} lattices. These are the first examples of such triangles. Finally, we end by showing how one may specify algebraically, i.e. by an explicit polynomial in two variables, the Riemann surfaces and holomorphic one-forms that are associated to a simply-connected rational polygon. Previously, these surfaces were known by their geometric description. As

an example, we show a connection between the billiard in a regular polygon and the well-known Fermat curves of the algebraic equation $x^n + y^n = 1$.
Losing the local: Sydney and the Oz Rock tradition
Authors: Homan Shane 
Published: July 2002

In a tiny inner city pubThe amps were getting stackedLeads were getting wound upIt was full of pissed Anzacs‘Got no more gigs for Tuesday nights’ said the barman to the star,‘We're putting pokies in the lounge and strippers in the bar’The star, he raised his fingers and said ‘fuck this fucking hole’But to his roadie said ‘it's the death of rock and roll’‘There ain't no single place left to play amplified guitarEvery place is servin' long blacks if they're not already tapas bars(TISM (This Is Serious Mum), ‘The Last Australian Guitar Hero’, 1998)Introduction: local music-makingA number of recent studies have focused upon the places and spaces of popular music performance. In particular, analyses of British live music contexts have examined the role of urban landscapes in facilitating production/consumption environments. Building upon Simon Frith's (1983) initial exploration of the synthesis of leisure/work ideologies and popular music, Ruth Finnegan's detailed examination of amateur music practices in Milton Keynes (1989) and Sara Cohen's account of the Liverpool scene (1991) reveal the benefits of engaging in detailed micro-studies of the local. Paul Chevigny's history of the governance of New York City jazz venues (1991) similarly provides a rich insight into performance contexts and the importance of hitherto unnoticed city ordinances in influencing the production of live music.
Species diversity structure analysis at two sites in the tropical rain forest of Sumatra
Authors: Rennolls Keith , Laumonier Yves 
Published: July 2002

Data from a hilly forest study site at Batang Ule, Sumatra, are organized into 30 100-m × 10-m subplots lying perpendicular to the line of maximal topographic gradient, from the valley to the plateau/ridge. The following methodological question is addressed: what species diversity measures are best used in order to reveal the ecologically distinct regions in the site. The main tool used to answer this question is the α-diversity curve (Hα). Graphical examination of tree and species densities, and α-diversity curves identifies an anomalous species diversity behaviour of the ‘ridge above the slope’ subplots which may have implications on land-facet class definitions. Factor analysis of the α-diversity curves indicates that the diversity space is two-dimensional: i.e. two diversity measures are sufficient to characterize the site; the species density (H0), and the Berger-Parker index (H∞). In thetwo-dimensional diversity-space three distinct species diversity groups are found which relate to the topographic gradient at the Batang Ule site. The results are compared with those for a flat homogeneous site at Pasirmayang, Sumatra. The implications of the results on land-classifications in species-diversity mapping and conservation strategy are discussed.
From Transit of Venus to Teaching
Navigation: the Work of
William Wales
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Howse Derek 
Published: July 2002

This paper was first published in Astronomy and Geophysics (December 1998, Vol. 39) by
the Royal Astronomical Society and the Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd and is reproduced
here, with minor amendments, by kind permission of the Editor, Dr Sue Bowler.William Wales (1734–1798) contributed to astronomy through his observations of the 1769
transit of Venus, and his studies of latitude and longitude on Captain James Cook's second
voyage to the South Seas. During this voyage, Wales was responsible for monitoring the
performance of the chronometers. After returning from the Pacific, Wales took charge of the
Royal Mathematical School at Christ's Hospital in London and, over the next two decades,
he taught a succession of budding officers the principles of navigation.
Development of a PCR system for porcine cytomegalovirus
detection and determination of the putative partial sequence
of its DNA polymerase gene
Authors: WIDEN B. F. , LOWINGS J. P. , BELAK S. , BANKS M. 
Published: July 2002

After PCR amplification with conservative cytomegalovirus primers, a 520 nucleotide putative
partial sequence of the DNA polymerase gene of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) was
determined. Sequence comparison revealed homology to DNA polymerase genes from various
beta herpes viruses and a dendrogram was constructed depicting the relationship of PCMV to
other members of the Herpesviridae family. The dendrogram indicates that PCMV is indeed a
beta herpes virus that is more closely related to human herpes virus types 6 and 7 than to
type 5.To address the difficulties encountered during conventional PCMV detection and
characterization a set of nested PCR primers were constructed which generated DNA
fragments of 415 and 257 bp from the DNA polymerase gene. The nested PCR system proved
specific for PCMV and provided a novel means for the detection of this poorly characterized
herpes virus in pig populations, vaccines and in organs used in xenotransplantation.
Predator–prey ratio and guild constancy in a tropical insect community
Authors: Krüger Oliver , McGavin George C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn analysis of predator–prey ratio and guild constancy was made for 41 099 insects from 31 Acacia tree canopies in north‐east Tanzania. A strong proportionality between predator–prey species richness, abundance and biomass was found, with reduced major axis slopes not statistically different from one. Predictions of five existing hypotheses to account for predator–prey ratios were tested: the energy ratio and common determinants of diversity hypotheses were well supported and most likely to explain the pattern reported here. Since predator–prey ratios can be considered a special case of the general guild constancy problem, it was also investigated whether species and biomass shares of guilds differed between six tree species and nine sampling localities. For most guilds no significant differences were found and both energy ratio and common determinants of diversity hypotheses might explain the observed general pattern of resource division in this ecological community.
Linear and Hereditary Discrepancy
Authors: DOERR BENJAMIN 
Published: July 2002

Let A be an m × n matrix and
q := [lfloor ]log2(m)[rfloor ]+1. In this article we improve the well-known
bound lindisc(A) [les ] 2 herdisc(A) and show thatformula hereAs with the previous proofs relating to this problem, ours is constructive. We will give an
on-line algorithm and analyse it using game theory.
On the Density of Universal Sum-Free Sets
Authors: SCHOEN TOMASZ 
Published: July 2002

A set A is called universal sum-free if, for every finite
0–1 sequence χ = (e1, …, en),
either(i) there exist i, j, where 1[les ]j<i[les ]n,
such that ei = ej = 1 and
i − j∈A, or(ii) there exists t∈N such that, for 1[les ]i[les ]n,
we have t + i∈A if and only if
ei = 1.It is proved that the density of each universal sum-free set is zero, which settles a
problem of Cameron.
Precipitation estimations from geostationary orbit and prospects for METEOSAT Second Generation
Authors: Levizzani V , Schmetz J , Lutz H J , Kerkmann J , Alberoni P P , Cervino M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFor over two decades operational rainfall estimations from geostationary satellites have represented an ambitious aspiration of scientists and an identified need of operational meteorologists. A wide variety of infrared and combined visible and infrared methods have been proposed for the identification of suitable relationships between satellite‐observed cloud top radiative features and rainfall at the ground. Microwave‐based retrievals, however, correlate rainfall and internal cloud microphysical features more successfully. The most significant limitation, however, is the indirect character of the retrieval that correlates microphysical and dynamical cloud characteristics with rain amounts at ground level. METEOSAT Second Generation signals a new era for geostationary satellites with its new 12 channel imager SEVIRI and 15 minute full‐disk image repeat cycle. SEVIRI is expected to contribute significantly to a better characterisation of clouds and atmospheric stability by means of improved infrared calibration, radiometric performances, imaging frequency and multispectral image analysis. The significant increase of multispectral cloud observations is expected to provide new data for the improvement of rainfall estimations from geostationary orbit. The anticipated progress from enhanced imaging frequency and multispectral data for the definition of new techniques is discussed. Considerations for operational applications, chiefly for nowcasting, are also provided as they are the main goal of the satellite. Future developments and synergies with other geostationary and polar orbiting instruments, passive and active, are finally considered as the ultimate strategy for more accurate instantaneous rainfall estimations at all latitudes. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
DNA evidence for elephant social behaviour breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
Authors: Nyakaana Silvester , Abe Eve L. , Arctander Peter , Siegismund Hans R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractElephant social structure is matrilineal, with family units composed only of maternally related females and their juvenile offspring, while adult males are mostly solitary and seldom congregate into bachelor herds. In such a social structure, we expect females in the same family unit to have the same mitochondrial genome, which may or may not differ from that of individuals in other family units in the population. Such social structuring also results in the mating males and females having different allele frequencies at nuclear microsatellite loci. This is manifested as an excess of heterozygotes relative to the expected Hardy‐Weinberg proportions, a phenomenon which maintains genetic variation within the population by minimizing inbreeding. We analyzed mitochondrial nucleotide sequences and allele frequencies at four microsatellite loci in nine family units of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Queen Elizabeth National Park and found more than one distinct mitochondrial genotype in three of the family units and no significant excess heterozygosity at microsatellite loci in eight of the families. We interpreted these findings as an indication of a breakdown in social structure of this population caused by social stress due to factors like excessive poaching that has taken place in this national park over the last three decades. Ecological and management implications of these findings for elephant populations are discussed.
Genomic Sequence Analysis of the Mouse Naip Gene Array
Authors: Endrizzi Matthew G. , Hadinoto Vey , Growney Joseph D. , Miller Webb , Dietrich William F. 
Published: July 2002

A mouse locus called Lgn1 determines differences in macrophage permissiveness for the intracellular replication ofLegionella pneumophila. The only regional candidate genes for this phenotype difference lie within a cluster of closely linked paralogs of the Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (Naip) gene. Previous genetic and physical mapping of the Lgn1phenotype narrowed it to an interval containing only Naip2and Naip5, suggesting that there is not complete functional overlap among the mouse Naip loci. In order to gather more information about polymorphisms among the Naipgenes of the 129 mouse haplotype, we have determined the genomic sequence of a substantial portion of the 129 Naip gene array. We have constructed an evolutionary model for the expansion of theNaip gene array from a single progenitor Naip gene. This model predicts the presence of two distinct families ofNaip paralogs: Naip1/2/3 and Naip4/5/6/7. Unlike the divergences among all the other Naip paralogs, the splits among Naip4, Naip5, Naip6, andNaip7 occurred relatively recently. The high degree of sequence conservation within the Naip4/5/6/7 family increases the likelihood of functional overlap among these genes.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AF242431-AF242435.]
Prediction of Gene Function by Genome-Scale Expression Analysis: Prostate Cancer-Associated Genes
Authors: Walker Michael G. , Volkmuth Wayne , Sprinzak Einat , Hodgson David , Klingler Tod 
Published: July 2002

We wish to identify genes associated with disease. To do so, we look for novel genes whose expression patterns mimic those of known disease-associated genes, using a method we call Guilt-by-Association (GBA), on the basis of a combinatoric measure of association. Using GBA, we have examined the expression of 40,000 human genes in 522 cDNA libraries, and have discovered several hundred previously unidentified genes associated with cancer, inflammation, steroid-synthesis, insulin-synthesis, neurotransmitter processing, matrix remodeling, and other disease processes. The majority of the genes thus discovered show no sequence similarity to known genes, and thus could not have been identified by homology searches. We present here an example of the discovery of eight genes associated with prostate cancer. Of the 40,000 most-abundant human genes, these 8 are the most closely linked to the known diagnostic genes, and thus are prime targets for pharmaceutical research.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos.AF109298–AF109303.]
Plant Expansins Are a Complex Multigene Family with an Ancient Evolutionary Origin
Authors: Li Yi , Darley Catherine P. , Ongaro Verónica , Fleming Andrew , Schipper Ori , Baldauf Sandra L. , McQueen-Mason Simon J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Expansins are a group of extracellular proteins that directly modify the mechanical properties of plant cell walls, leading to turgor-driven cell extension. Within the completely sequenced Arabidopsis genome, we identified 38 expansin sequences that fall into three discrete subfamilies. Based on phylogenetic analysis and shared intron patterns, we propose a new, systematic nomenclature of Arabidopsis expansins. Further phylogenetic analysis, including expansin sequences found here in monocots, pine (Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda), fern (Regnellidium diphyllum, Marsilea quadrifolia), and moss (Physcomitrella patens) indicate that the three plant expansin subfamilies arose and began diversifying very early in, if not before, colonization of land by plants. Closely related “expansin-like” sequences were also identified in the social amoeba,Dictyostelium discoidium, suggesting that these wall-modifying proteins have a very deep evolutionary origin.
Accumulation of Ricinoleic, Lesquerolic, and Densipolic Acids in Seeds of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants That Express a Fatty Acyl Hydroxylase cDNA from Castor Bean
Authors: Broun P. , Somerville C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A cDNA encoding the oleate 12-hydroxylase from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) has previously been shown to direct the synthesis of small amounts of ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadeccis-9-enoic acid) in seeds of transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of the cDNA under control of the Brassica napus napin promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulted in the accumulation of up to 17% of seed fatty acids as ricinoleate and two novel fatty acids that have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as lesquerolic (14-hydroxyeicos-cis-11-enoic acid) and densipolic (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9,15-dienoic acid) acids. Traces of auricolic acid were also observed. These results suggest that either the castor hydroxylase can utilize oleic acid and eicosenoic acid as substrates for ricinoleic and lesquerolic acid biosynthesis, respectively, or Arabidopsis contains an elongase that accepts ricinoleic acid as a substrate. These observations are also consistent with indirect biochemical evidence that an n-3 desaturase is capable of converting ricinoleic acid to densipolic acid. Expression of the castor hydroxylase also caused enhanced accumulation of oleic acid and a corresponding decrease in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since the steady-state level of mRNA for the oleate-12 desaturase was not affected, it appears that the presence of the hydroxylase, directly or indirectly, causes posttranscriptional inhibition of desaturation.
A cDNA Clone Highly Expressed in Ripe Banana Fruit Shows Homology to Pectate Lyases
Authors: Dominguez-Puigjaner E. , Llop I. , Vendrell M. , Prat S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A cDNA clone (Banl7), encoding a protein homologous to pectate lyase, has been isolated from a cDNA library from climacteric banana fruit by means of differential screening. Northern analysis showed that Banl7 mRNA is first detected in early climacteric fruit, reaches a steady-state maximum at the climacteric peak, and declines thereafter in overripe fruit. Accumulation of the Banl7 transcript can be induced in green banana fruit by exogenous application of ethylene. This demonstrates that expression of this gene is under hormonal control, its induction being regulated by the rapid increase in ethylene production at the onset of ripening. The deduced amino acid sequence derived from the Banl7 cDNA shares significant identity with pectate lyases from pollen and plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Erwinia. Similarity to bacterial pectate lyases that were proven to break down the pectic substances of the plant cell wall suggest that Banl7 might play a role in the loss of mesocarp firmness during fruit ripening.