bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Patients’ Sexual Problems and Satisfaction With Their Sex Life Following Anti-Cancer Treatment
Authors: Martin Hald Gert , Dahl Pind Mie , Borre Michael , Lange Theis 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Active prostate cancer treatment is often associated with significant adverse physiological and psychological effects including significant sexual problems. Most studied among these sexual problems is erectile dysfunction while related sexual bothers such as overall sexual function and satisfaction with one’s sex life are much less studied.

Aim
To investigate problems related to erectile functioning, orgasmic ability, sexual function, and satisfaction with one’s sex life among a cohort of Scandinavian prostate cancer patients age 40 years and older who were sexually active prior to their diagnosis of prostatic cancer.

Methods
The survey study used a cross-sectional design and a mixed recruitment procedure. Patients were recruited through the prostate cancer patient advocate organizations in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (Scandinavia). The final sample included 1,707 prostate cancer patients. For analyses, participants were stratified into 4 groups according to their total treatment burden.

Outcomes
Outcomes included subjective reporting of erectile functioning, orgasm, and sexual functioning, and satisfaction with one's sex life.

Results
The study found that the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and problems related to orgasm and overall sexual function ranged from 72–92% across prostatic cancer treatment groups. Conversely, this range was 61–69% among the respondents who had not undergone prostatic cancer treatment. Across treatment groups, a minority of patients (&lt;15%) reported being satisfied with their sex lives. After socio-demographic variables were controlled for, patients who did not receive prostatic cancer treatment were 3.75 times more likely than those in the reference group to not report sexual function problems.

Conclusion
Among older prostate cancer patients, who at their time of diagnose were sexually active, sexual satisfaction is low and prevalence rates of sexual problems is high, thus underlining the strong clinical need to address sexual problems and satisfaction among this cohort of patients in order to promote sexual health and well-being following active cancer treatments.
Prenatal undernutrition attenuates fasting‐induced reproductive dysfunction in pre‐pubertal male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Yano Kiyohito , Mayila Yiliyasi , Irahara Minoru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrenatal undernutrition affects various physiological functions, such as metabolic and reproductive functions, after birth, and such changes are associated with the pathogeneses of certain diseases. It has been hypothesized that these changes are predictive adaptive responses that help individuals to endure similar conditions in the postnatal period. Thus, we evaluated the effects of prenatal undernutrition on the responses of the body weight (BW) regulation system and reproductive functions to fasting in the pre‐pubertal period in male rats. Prenatally normally nourished and undernourished rats exhibited similar reductions in BW and visceral fat after 48 h fasting in the pre‐pubertal period. Furthermore, these two groups displayed similar fasting‐induced patterns of change in their hypothalamic levels of appetite regulatory factors; i.e., neuropeptide Y and pro‐opiomelanocortin. These results indicate that prenatal undernutrition had no marked effects on BW regulation in male rats. On the other hand, serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were decreased by 48 h fasting in the prenatally normally nourished rats, whereas the levels of these hormones did not change in the prenatally undernourished rats. However, the hypothalamic mRNA level of kisspeptin 1 (Kiss1), which is a positive regulator of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone/gonadotropins, was reduced by fasting in both groups. These results indicate that prenatal undernutrition might attenuate fasting‐induced reproductive dysfunction in the postnatal period; however, these changes might not be induced by alterations in the hypothalamic Kiss1 system. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in these changes in reproductive function.
Spiral tool paths for high-speed machining of 2D pockets with or without islands
Authors: Abrahamsen Mikkel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We describe new methods for the construction of spiral tool paths for high-speed machining. In the simplest case, our method takes a polygon as input and a number δ&gt;0 and returns a spiral starting at a central point in the polygon, going around towards the boundary while morphing to the shape of the polygon. The spiral consists of linear segments and circular arcs, it is G1 continuous, it has no self-intersections, and the distance from each point on the spiral to each of the neighboring revolutions is at most δ. Our method has the advantage over previously described methods that it is easily adjustable to the case where there is an island in the polygon to be avoided by the spiral. In that case, the spiral starts at the island and morphs the island to the outer boundary of the polygon. It is shown how to apply that method to make significantly shorter spirals in some polygons with no islands than what is obtained by conventional spiral tool paths. Finally, we show how to make a spiral in a polygon with multiple islands by connecting the islands into one island.
Highlights It is described how to construct a spiral to be used for pocket machining. The spiral respects a user-defined maximum stepover distance between neighbouring revolutions. The algorithm can create a spiral that morphs an island to the boundary of the pocket. The obtained spirals are in some cases much shorter than previously described spiral toolpaths. The algorithm is fast and a popular industrial strength implementation has been created.
Predictors of Satisfaction in Men After Penile Implant Surgery
Authors: Habous Mohamad , Tal Raanan , Tealab Alaa , Aziz Mohammed , Sherif Hammoda , Mahmoud Saad , Abdelwahab Osama , Nassar Mohammed , Kamil Usama , Abdelrahman Ziad , Binsaleh Saleh , Giona Simone , Ralph David , Bettocchi Carlo , Mulhall John P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the high satisfaction with penile implant (PI) surgery reported in the literature, a significant proportion of patients remain dissatisfied.

Aim
To evaluate satisfaction after PI surgery, using a single question and a scoring system. Furthermore, we attempted to define factors that predicted high patient satisfaction.

Methods
The study population consisted of all patients undergoing PI surgery between 2009 and 2015. Comorbidity, demographic, and implant information were recorded. Complications recorded included: minor (requiring no re-operation) such as penile or scrotal hematoma, superficial wound breakdown; major (requiring hospitalization or re-operation) such as device infection, erosion, and mechanical malfunction. Patient satisfaction was defined using a single question posed to the patient 6 months after surgery using a 5-point Likert scale (5 being the most satisfied). Descriptive statistics were used to define complication rates and multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed to define predictors of high satisfaction (score ≥ 4), including presence and degree of complications, Peyronie's disease (PD), diabetes mellitus (DM), number of vascular comorbidities, body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30, and patient age.

Main Outcome Measure
Patients with a major complication, with or without an additional minor complication, had a higher likelihood of being dissatisfied (25%) compared to patients with no complication or only minor complication 1.9% (no complications) and 3.7% (only minor complications), P &lt; .001.

Results
902 patients were analysed. Mean age was 56.6 ± 10.6 years. Mean BMI was 30 ± 5. Comorbidity profile was diabetes 75%, dyslipidaemia 44%, hypertension 33%, cigarette smoking 32%, and PD 34%. 76% had a malleable implant (MPP) and 24% an inflatable implant (IPP). 31% had a minor complication and 9% a major complication. 93% had high satisfaction (score ≥4). Patients with any complication had a reduced rate of high satisfaction (97.5% vs 87.7%; P &lt; .001) and even more pronounced with a major complication (96.7% vs 64.2%; P &lt; .001). On MVA, only the absence of a major complication was a significant predictor of high satisfaction (OR 20, 95% CI 9-50, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
A high percentage of men are satisfied after penile implant surgery. Only the presence of a major complication is linked to a lower likelihood of achieving high satisfaction.
Novel Multi-Modal Analgesia Protocol Significantly Decreases Opioid Requirements in Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Patients
Authors: Tong Ching Man Carmen , Lucas Jacob , Shah Ankur , Foote Christopher , Simhan Jay 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery is associated with significant perioperative pain that may reduce patient satisfaction. Though various pain management strategies have been proposed, most implanters manage postoperative patients with only prescription opioids. No protocol to date has been implemented and reported for pain management in IPP patients throughout the entire recovery process following surgery.

Aim
Develop a multimodal analgesic (MMA) regimen consisting of perioperative administration of acetaminophen, meloxicam, and gabapentin with intraoperative local anesthetic injections, and compare post-operative pain control to a matched cohort of patients managed with an opioid-based (OB) regimen.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed our prospectively maintained IPP database from November 2015–January 2018. The MMA protocol was instituted for all patients beginning June 2017, and these patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio to a cohort of eligible IPP patients managed through an OB protocol. Only patients receiving a 3-piece IPP were included; those with a history of narcotic dependence, neuropathy, or chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use were excluded. Postoperative pain scores (visual analog scale) and opioid usage (total morphine equivalents [TME] in milligrams) were compared temporally in the post-anesthesia care unit, postoperative day (POD) 0, POD 1, and following discharge.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes of the study are postoperative pain scores and narcotic usage.

Results
57 patients were eligible for analysis: 19 (33%) and 38 (66%) in the MMA and OB groups, respectively. Groups were similar in demographics. MMA patients had significantly lower visual analog scale scores in post-anesthesia care unit, POD 0, or POD 1 (mean 0.84 vs 2.97, P = .01; 2.62 vs 4.73, P = .003; and 2.26 vs 4.0, P = .01, respectively) and used fewer narcotics on POD 0 (mean 4.08 vs 13.8 mg TME, P &lt; .001) and POD 1 (mean 5.05 vs 25.1 mg TME, P &lt; .001). MMA patients were discharged home with fewer narcotics (mean 12.7 vs 51.3 tabs, P &lt; .001), and despite this, the MMA group needed less narcotic medication refills (11% vs 49%, P = .007). Neither group experienced a medication-related postoperative adverse event.

Clinical Implications
Multimodal pain management allows for effective pain control with minimal side effects, enhancing recovery.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first report to assess use of a multi-modal pain regimen on IPP recipients with demonstration of tangible benefit throughout the recovery process. Limitations include a single-surgeon and retrospective study design.

Conclusion
In our rigorous assessment of IPP patients, implementation of a novel MMA protocol achieved equivalent and effective pain control, while resulting in substantially fewer narcotics throughout the entire post-operative period following IPP implantation.
Sexual Health Knowledge of U.S. Medical Students: A National Survey
Authors: Warner Christina , Carlson Samantha , Crichlow Renee , Ross Michael W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Sexual health is a critical component of overall wellness; however, only half of U.S. medical schools currently require formal instruction in sexuality.

Aim
This study sought to quantify the sexual health knowledge of undergraduate medical students using a novel survey tool evaluating 6 domains: sexual function and dysfunction; fertility and reproduction; sexuality across the lifespan; sexual minority health; society, culture, and behavior; as well as safety and prevention.

Methods
A novel 32-question survey tool was developed by subject matter experts from the University of Minnesota Program in Human Sexuality. Survey questions were derived from the 2012 and 2014 Summits on Medical School Education in Sexual Health as well as the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States Guidelines for Kindergarten through 12th Grade. The total knowledge score was calculated out of 30 points (excluding 2 terminology questions that were subjective). Medical students at 178 allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the United States were invited to take the online survey.

Outcomes
Students performed below a passing rate (70%) in 4 of the 6 knowledge categories and below a passing rate overall in the knowledge assessment.

Results
Survey respondents (n = 1,014) scored an average of 66% correct (approximately 20/30). Overall, students scored lowest on questions regarding safety and prevention (x- = 49%) and highest on questions regarding sexuality across the lifespan (x- = 75%). Higher knowledge scores were associated with the following variables (P &lt; .05): medical school year, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, future medical specialty choice, program type (MD/DO), and taking a human sexuality course in medical school.

Clinical Implications
Medical students may be under-prepared to address essential sexual health issues in future clinical practice.

Strengths & Limitations
To the knowledge of the authors this is the only contemporary study seeking to measure U.S. medical student sexual health knowledge. Limitations include sample population size and diversity as well as a non-validated survey tool.

Conclusion
Significant advances must be made in undergraduate medical education in order to prepare future physicians to address critical issues such as sexually transmitted disease, family planning, and health disparities.
Effects of sex, educational background, and chronic kidney disease grading on longitudinal cognitive and functional decline in patients in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study
Authors: Iwata Atsushi , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ihara Ryoko , Suzuki Kazushi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Tomita Naoki , Arai Hiroyuki , Ishii Kenji , Senda Michio , Ito Kengo , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kuwano Ryozo , Matsuda Hiroshi ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine whether sex or education level affects the longitudinal rate of cognitive decline in Japanese patients in the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative study with defined mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe accessed the entire Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set of 537 individuals, among whom 234 had MCI and 149 had Alzheimer's disease. We classified participants into three categories of educational history: (1) low, 0 to 9 years; (2) moderate, 10 to 15 years; and (3) high ≥16 years. We examined the main effects and interactions of visit, sex, and educational achievement on scores for the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale 13, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and Functional Activities Questionnaire in a longitudinal manner.ResultsWomen with MCI had a significantly faster rate of decline than men over a 3‐year period. Highly educated men showed a significantly slower rate of decline than the other groups. Sex differences in the rates of decline remained after stratification by amyloid or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status but were absent in Alzheimer's disease over a 2‐year period. Subtle differences in chronic kidney disease grade affected the rate of decline. A higher Fazekas periventricular hyperintensity score was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate in women only.DiscussionIn patients with MCI, sex and educational history significantly affected the rate of change in cognitive and clinical assessments. Furthermore, a subtle decline in chronic kidney disease grade was associated with a faster rate of decline regardless of amyloid pathology in women.
TOMMORROW neuropsychological battery: German language validation and normative study
Authors: Romero Heather R. , Monsch Andreas U. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Plassman Brenda L. , Atkins Alexandra S. , Keefe Richard S.E. , Brewster Shyama , Chiang Carl , O'Neil Janet , Runyan Grant , Atkinson Mark J. , Crawford Stephen , Budur Kumar , Burns Daniel K. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. ,   TOMMORROW Study Investigators
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires reliable and validated methods to detect subtle cognitive changes. The battery of standardized cognitive assessments that is used for diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to AD in the TOMMORROW study have only been fully validated in English‐speaking countries. We conducted a validation and normative study of the German language version of the TOMMORROW neuropsychological test battery, which tests episodic memory, language, visuospatial ability, executive function, and attention.MethodsGerman‐speaking cognitively healthy controls (NCs) and subjects with AD were recruited from a memory clinic at a Swiss medical center. Construct validity, test–retest, and alternate form reliability were assessed in NCs. Criterion and discriminant validities of the cognitive measures were tested using logistic regression and discriminant analysis. Cross‐cultural equivalency of performance of the German language tests was compared with English language tests.ResultsA total of 198 NCs and 25 subjects with AD (aged 65–88 years) were analyzed. All German language tests discriminated NCs from persons with AD. Episodic memory tests had the highest potential to discriminate with almost twice the predictive power of any other domain. Test‐retest reliability of the test battery was adequate, and alternate form reliability for episodic memory tests was supported. For most tests, age was a significant predictor of group effect sizes; therefore, normative data were stratified by age. Validity and reliability results were similar to those in the published US cognitive testing literature.DiscussionThis study establishes the reliability and validity of the German language TOMMORROW test battery, which performed similarly to the English language tests. Some variations in test performance underscore the importance of regional normative values. The German language battery and normative data will improve the precision of measuring cognition and diagnosing incident mild cognitive impairment due to AD in clinical settings in German‐speaking countries.
Adherence/Retention Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Colombia Plan
Authors: Rios‐Romenets Silvia , Acosta‐Baena Natalia , Lopez Liliana , Madrigal‐Zapata Lucia , Street Helen , Jakimovich Laura , Langbaum Jessica B. , Cho William , Reiman Eric M. , Tariot Pierre N. , Lopera Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Colombia Trial is a collaborative project involving the Neurosciences Group of Antioquia, Genentech/Roche, and the Banner Alzheimer's Institute, studying whether crenezumab can delay or prevent the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively unimpaired individuals who carry the PSEN1 E280A mutation. In an effort to optimize participant compliance and adherence and maintain interest in the trial for its duration, the Neurosciences Group of Antioquia developed an “Adherence/Retention Plan.” This plan identifies potential barriers to trial adherence related to characteristics of the participants and study partners, protocol design, sponsors, investigators, environmental factors, and characteristics of this population in general and identifies potential solutions to these barriers.MethodsNeurosciences Group of Antioquia designed and implemented a number of strategies including a) a prescreening process that emphasized detailed and staged informed consent involving the participant and family and/or friends, b) a schedule of visits and assessments designed to minimize burden while achieving the trial's aims, c) appointment reminders, d) reimbursement for transportation and missed work, e) meals during study visits, f) birthday cards, g) quarterly newsletters, h) annual in‐person feedback meetings, i) a supplemental health plan to participants, and j) a social plan to support family members. All the methods used in this plan were approved by local ethics committees.ResultsBy the end of the fourth year of the trial, participant retention was 94.0%, with most participants reporting that they felt “very satisfied” with their participation in the trial.DiscussionThe Adherence/Retention Plan plays a crucial role in maintaining adherence and compliance needed to achieve the ambitious goals of the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative‐Colombia Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Trial and may offer guideposts for other prevention trials.
Intranasal rifampicin for Alzheimer's disease prevention
Authors: Umeda Tomohiro , Tanaka Akiko , Sakai Ayumi , Yamamoto Akira , Sakane Toshiyasu , Tomiyama Takami 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionOral rifampicin has been shown to significantly reduce amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathologies in mice. However, it shows occasional adverse effects such as liver injury in humans, making its use difficult for a long period.MethodsTo explore safer rifampicin treatment, APPOSK mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease, were treated with rifampicin for 1 month via oral, intranasal, and subcutaneous administration, and its therapeutic efficacy and safety were compared.ResultsIntranasal or subcutaneous administration of rifampicin improved memory more effectively than oral administration. The improvement of memory was accompanied with the reduction of neuropathologies, including Aβ oligomer accumulation, tau abnormal phosphorylation, and synapse loss. Serum levels of a liver enzyme significantly rose only by oral administration. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the level of rifampicin in the brain was highest with intranasal administration.DiscussionConsidering its easiness and noninvasiveness, intranasal administration would be the best way for long‐term dosing of rifampicin.