bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillation Properties of Scalar Conservation Laws
Authors: Silvestre Luis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe obtain several new regularity results for solutions of scalar conservation laws satisfying the genuine nonlinearity condition. We prove that the solutions are continuous outside of the jump set, which is codimension one rectifiable. We show that the entropy dissipation vanishes away from the closure of the jump set. We prove that the solution decays algebraically inL∞ast → ∞, and we compute the presumably optimal decay rate. All these results are based on a local oscillation estimate that is obtained properly adapting some ideas of De Giorgi from the context of elliptic equations. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adeno‐Associated Virus Production, Purification, and Titering
Authors: Chen Yong Hong , Keiser Megan S. , Davidson Beverly L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors are exemplary tools for studying gene function in vivo and are particularly favorable for transferring genes of interest into brain tissues. They have shown great promise as a gene therapy vector for preclinical and clinical applications. However, the ability to use this tool is often hampered because the viruses themselves are not readily available. Many methods have been developed for AAV production. Here, we describe a simple method for small‐ to medium‐scale (1012‐1013 viral particles) production of AAV based on Polyethylenimine Max (PEI Max)–mediated triple transfection of HEK 293 cells and purification with iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation. These methods will provide users with ample material of sufficient quality for performing in vivo gene transfer. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of head and neck masses
Authors: Rammeh Soumaya , Romdhane Emna , Sassi Asma , Belhajkacem Linda , Blel Ahlem , Ksentini Meriem , Lahiani Rim , Farah Faten , Salah Mamia Ben , Ferjaoui Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHead and neck masses are a common presentation in daily practice and can be challenging to both clinicians and cytopathologists. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used method for the diagnosis of head and neck masses. The aim of the study was to assess our institutional experience of the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of head and neck masses.MethodsA total of 1262 FNACs were conducted from January 2013 to December 2016 and subdivided into benign and malignant categories. The thyroid and salivary glands FNACs were classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid cytopathology and to the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology respectively. The measures of diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were determined taking histology as a gold standard.ResultsA total of 7 false negative (FN) and 6 false positive (FP) FNACs were identified. Overall sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for a malignant diagnosis were 92% and 94.4%, respectively. Accuracy of FNACs of head and neck masses was 93.5% for all sites. The salivary gland group had the highest rate of FN (2.8%). All FP were reported in the thyroid group. These cases were cytologically classified suspicious for malignancy (n = 3) and papillary carcinoma (n = 3) and proved to be lymphocytic thyroiditis on final histology. Among the most common locations, cytology of lymph nodes provided the best sensitivity (98.2%). Salivary glands as well as lymph nodes had the best specificity (100%).ConclusionFNAC of head and neck masses has a high accuracy allowing a correct therapeutic management. However, this accuracy depends on the anatomic location of the mass.
Weight restoration in atypical anorexia nervosa: A clinical conundrum
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Garber Andrea K. , Buckelew Sara M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe determination of the treatment goal weight for adolescents with a restrictive eating disorder (ED) and a prior history of obesity, such as in atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN), represents an ongoing challenge for clinicians. This determination is particularly complex given competing interests of physical recovery from significant weight loss, mental recovery from ED psychopathology, and the medical comorbidities associated with obesity. We report the case of a 15‐year old female with a history of obesity and irregular periods who presented with significant weight loss and absence of menses for 3 months. She was hospitalized for severe malnutrition and bradycardia, initiated family based treatment, and regained periods. However, her vital sign instability and eating disorder cognitions did not resolve until she reached a weight at which point her periods again ceased due to polycystic ovary syndrome. This case highlights the need for regular monitoring during weight recovery and the clinical challenge of determining the treatment goal weight in adolescents with EDs and prior obesity.
Barriers to seeking treatment for eating disorders: The role of self‐recognition in understanding gender disparities in who seeks help
Authors: Grillot Charlotte L. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious research suggests that men with eating disorders are less likely to seek treatment than are women. Given stereotypes linked to eating disorders, men may be less likely to recognize when they have an eating disorder, which could act as a barrier to treatment‐seeking.MethodThe current study examined differences in self‐recognition and treatment‐seeking behavior by gender, controlling for other covariates, in participants with probable DSM‐5 eating disorders drawn from a larger community‐based sample.ResultsBeing female and self‐recognition were both associated with increased likelihood of treatment‐seeking while accounting for other potential covariates, including race/ethnicity, age, BMI, and comorbid disorders.DiscussionResults indicate that self‐recognition is a barrier to seeking treatment for both genders and does not account for help‐seeking differences between women and men. Findings have implications for interventions to address barriers to treatment‐seeking for eating disorders.
The ecological stoichiometry and interrelationship between litter and soil under seasonal snowfall in Tianshan Mountain
Authors: Chen Xin , Gong Lu , Liu Yutong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChanges in snow cover caused by global climate change will profoundly affect the process of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The presence of seasonal snow cover during the winter has a significant impact on forest ecosystems. The goals of this study were to explore how seasonal snow cover modulates litter decomposition dynamics and elemental cycling in forest ecosystems, and to characterize the ecological stoichiometry of nutrients in the leaf litter and soils over time. Seasonal snowfall leads to different snow depths on the ground, especially when comparing forest gaps to closed canopy. Snow cover in this study was categorized as absent, thin, intermediate, and thick according to depth (n = 4 treatments). Leaf litter and underlying soils were sampled in plots from each category of snow cover over the course of multiple seasons (i.e., the freeze–thaw period, deep‐freeze period, thaw period, pre‐growth season, and late growth season). The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration of leaf litter and soils were determined at each stage. The litter decomposition rate and nutrient concentration were largely dependent on the thickness of the snowpack formed by seasonal snowfall. Overall, variability in the ecological stoichiometry of elements in the leaf litter and soils was small. However, in the leaf litter, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios differed across the snow cover gradient during the winter when snow was present, but not when snow was absent in the warmer months. Thicker snowpacks better maintained litter decomposition and kept nutrient levels stable. Furthermore, correlations between leaf litter and soil ecological stoichiometry were affected by seasonal snow cover, with element concentration also varying over time.
A passive microfluidic device for continuous microparticle enrichment
Authors: Fan Liang‐Liang , Zhu Xiao‐Liang , Yan Qing , Zhe Jiang , Zhao Liang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA passive microfluidic device is reported for continuous microparticle enrichment. The microparticle is enriched based on the inertial effect in a microchannel with contracting‐expanding structures on one side where microparticles/cells are subjected to the inertial lift force and the momentum‐change‐induced inertial force induced by highly curved streamlines. Under the combined effect of the two forces, yeast cells and microparticles of different sizes were continuously focused in the present device over a range of Reynolds numbers from 16.7 to 125. ∼68% of the particle‐free liquid was separated from the sample at Re = 66.7, and ∼18 μL particle‐free liquid was fast obtained within 10 s. Results also showed that the geometry of the contracting‐expanding structure significantly influenced the lateral migration of the particle. Structures with a large angle induced strong inertial effect and weak disturbance effect of vortex on the particle, both of which enhanced the microparticle enrichment in microchannel. With simple structure, small footprint (18 × 0.35 mm), easy operation and cell‐friendly property, the present device has great potential in biomedical applications, such as the enrichment of cells and the fast extraction of plasma from blood for disease diagnose and therapy.
The relation between polychlorinated biphenyls and population metrics of 4 species of fish from the upper Hudson River, New York, USA
Authors: Maceina Michael J. , Sammons Steven M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In the upper Hudson River, New York, USA, fish were exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the 1940s to 1977, and PCBs still persist in this environment. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and largemouth bass (M. salmoides) were collected annually from 2003 to 2009 from 1 control site upstream of the PCB discharge locations and from 2 sites downstream from where PCBs were released. Fish PCB concentrations were estimated, and 3 population metrics were examined: 1) relative abundance, 2) weight-to-length ratio, and 3) growth. Normalized lipid-based PCB concentrations at the 2 PCB exposure pools averaged approximately 100 to 600 μg/g. Estimated relative abundances with electrofishing were higher for largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and brown bullhead at PCB exposure sites compared to the control site; but yellow perch were more abundant at the control site. Weight to length ratios varied among sites and species, but no consistent pattern was evident in relation to PCBs at the population level or for individual fish. Growth rates for yellow perch and brown bullhead were similar among sites. Largemouth bass growth was slightly higher at the control site compared to the 2 PCB sites, but smallmouth bass growth was much higher at the PCB sites compared to the control site. We could not detect any relation or influence of PCBs on the 3 population metrics that we examined. the present results corroborated those of previous investigations concerning the effects of PCBs on fishes. We recommend stronger consideration of the biological impacts of PCBs at the population level when conducting risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:329–339. © 2018 SETAC
Indirect mineral carbonation of chlorinated tailing derived from Ti‐bearing blast‐furnace slag coupled with simultaneous dechlorination and recovery of multiple value‐added products
Authors: Chu Guanrun , Wang Lin , Liu Weizao , Zhang Guoquan , Luo Dongmei , Wang Liming , Liang Bin , Li Chun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe chlorinated tailing (CT) generated during titanium extraction from Ti‐bearing blast‐furnace slag contains 3–5 wt% chlorides, which are hazardous to the environment. In this paper, a process for simultaneous CO2 mineralization, dechlorination, and recovery of multiple value‐added products was proposed to fully utilize the CT. In this process, Ti, Al, Mg, and Ca are extracted in the form of their sulfates via roasting with recyclable (NH4)2SO4 followed by leaching with dilute H2SO4. Their extraction ratios are 83.1%, 87.4%, 89.4%, and 92.1%, respectively. The chlorides are simultaneously removed from the CT as gaseous HCl with a dechlorination ratio of 98.5%. Subsequently, 89.5% of the Al and 97.5% of the Ti in the leaching liquor are successively recovered as NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O with a purity of 99 wt% and titanium‐rich material with TiO2 of 62.5 wt%. The CaSO4‐rich leaching residue and MgSO4‐rich leachate, after complete depletion of the Al and Ti, are separately carbonated with a mixed gas of CO2 and NH3 with total CO2 capacity up to 279.8 kg CO2 per tonne CT. The preliminary economic evaluation shows that income from selling products after the deduction of the cost of primary raw materials reaches 200 $/tonne CT. The proposed route therefore provides a cost‐efficient alternative for comprehensive utilization of the polluting CT. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reenvisioning Writing Pedagogy and Learning Disabilities Through a Black Girls’ Literacies Framework
Authors: Whitney Erin Hope 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMuch of the special education research on writing has focused on skill acquisition and remediation. However, a significant problem with this approach is that it does not account for the sociocultural nature of writing or the importance of culturally sustaining pedagogies in writing instruction. In this article, the author uses practitioner research to examine the ways that Raquel (pseudonym), a seventh‐grade black girl identified as having a learning disability, enacted her identity as a writer when components of the Black Girls’ Literacies framework were integrated into her writing instruction and how this agentive identity offered a counternarrative to the institutional identity ascribed to her as a student with a learning disability. Findings suggest that by integrating the Black Girls’ Literacies framework into language arts instruction, students such as Raquel might be empowered to identify as writers and use writing to critique society and envision a more just and equitable world.
Biogenic nanoselenium particles activate Nrf2‐ARE pathway by phosphorylating p38, ERK1/2, and AKT on IPEC‐J2 cells
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Song Deguang , Cheng Yuanzhi , Hu Yuhan , Wang Fengqin , Lu Zeqing , Wang Yizhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs the intestinal epithelium is vulnerable to oxidative stress because of frequent enterocyte renewal and continuous exposure to exogenous agents, it is meaningful to figure out how the epithelial cells exert antioxidant function. We previously synthesized a novel biogenic nanoselenium (BNS) particles and proved that BNS could effectively improve intestinal antioxidative function through activating Nrf2‐ARE pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which BNS activate Nrf2‐ARE pathway on the physiological function of intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment of IPEC‐J2 cells with BNS particles not only elevated the levels of downstream proteins of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived‐2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) such as heme oxygenase‐1 and NQO‐1 in a time‐dependent manner which started to weaken at 12 hr after treatment but also significantly activated Nrf2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in a time‐dependent manner within 24 hr. BNS particles significantly increased the content of phosphorylated‐Nrf2, without evident influence on the level of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1). Moreover, BNS also induced the activation of p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, and AKT while phosphorylating Nrf2. Using specific protein kinase inhibitors, we found that the Nrf2‐phosphorylating and antioxidative effects of BNS particles were abolished when p38, ERK1/2, and AKT were significantly inhibited. Overall, our data demonstrated that BNS particles activated Nrf2‐ARE pathway through p38, ERK1/2, and AKT mediated‐phosphorylation of Nrf2 to improve the antioxidant function of intestinal epithelial cells
Synthesis and QSAR Study of Some Novel Heterocyclic Derivatives as In Vitro Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Rizk Sameh A. , Abdelwahab Salwa S. , Elrazaz Eman 
Published: November 2018

2,3‐Diaryloxirane‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles have employed in heterocyclic synthesis in many organic reactions. Authors highlight its use as intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds through the reaction with different nitrogen nucleophiles as methyl hydrazine, thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, methylglycinate, and others to furnish new heterocyclic derivatives. They are also used as key starting materials to construct some important heterocycles. Structures of all newly synthesized products are substantiated by studying their micro analytical and spectral data. Some of newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effects against a panel of three human tumor cell lines, namely, Hep‐G2, Hela, and MCF‐7. Most of the newly synthesized compounds (1a, 2a, 2d, 3, 4, 5, 6a, 6c, 6d, 7a, and 7b) inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 values in range of 0.52–5.21 μΜ. For activity against HepG2 cell line, compounds 5, 6a, 6d, and 7b emerged as the most active members. The Hela cell line showed highest sensitivity toward compounds 2a, 2d, and 6c whereas compounds 2d and 6c showed the highest inhibitory activity against MCF‐7 cell line.
Retention in clinic versus retention in care during the first year of HIV care in Nairobi, Kenya: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van der Kop Mia L , Nagide Patrick I , Thabane Lehana , Gelmon Lawrence , Kyomuhangi Lennie B , Abunah Bonface , Ekström Anna Mia , Lester Richard T 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhen measuring the success of HIV programmes to retain patients in care, few studies distinguish between retention in clinic (individual returns to the same clinic) and retention in care (individual is active in care at initial site or elsewhere). The objectives of this study were to quantify retention in clinic versus retention in care and determine risk factors associated with attrition from care in low‐income settings in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsBetween April 2013 and June 2015, adults testing positive for HIV were recruited at two comprehensive care clinics in informal urban settlements. Participants were followed from the time of a positive HIV test for up to 14 months. Participants who did not return to the clinic for their 12‐month appointment between 10 and 14 months after their baseline visit were traced by telephone or community outreach to determine whether they were still receiving HIV care. We used generalized linear regression to determine the association between clinical and socio‐demographic factors and attrition from care at 12 months.ResultsOf the 1068 individuals screened for study participation, 775 individuals newly presenting to HIV care were included in this study. Between 10 and 14 months, 486 participants (62.7%, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 59.2% to 66.1%) returned to the clinic for their 12‐month appointment (retained in clinic). After telephone tracing and community outreach, an additional 123 of 289 participants were found to be active in care at other HIV clinics (42.6%, 95% CI, 36.8% to 48.5%). Overall, 609 (78.6%, 95% CI, 75.7% to 81.5%) participants were retained in care at any HIV clinic at 12 months. Participants in higher baseline CD4 count categories were more likely to be retained than those whose baseline CD4 count was <200 cells/mm3.ConclusionsRetention in clinic substantially underestimated retention in care 12 months after presenting to care in this high‐prevalence and low‐income urban setting. Improved systems to track patients between clinics are required to accurately estimate retention in care in resource‐limited settings. Although the proportion of patients retained in care was greater than expected, interventions to improve retention in care are needed to meet global targets to end the AIDS epidemic.
Prediction of fracture lines of the calcaneus using a three‐dimensional finite element model
Authors: Tsubone Tetsu , Toba Naoki , Tomoki Uzu , Arakawa Daisuke , Iiyama Toshinari , Hara Natsuki , Matsuo Takumi , Fukuda Fumio 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe various lines of calcaneal fractures indicate their complex nature and make their treatment challenging. There is still much debate regarding the position and direction of these fracture lines, even for the primary fracture line. The computed tomography‐based finite element model is known to provide accurate predictions of fracture loads and virtual fracture locations for the femur and distal radius. This study aimed to establish how to predict the calcaneus fracture lines using the computed tomography‐based finite element model for patients with contralateral calcaneal fractures and to investigate whether the predicted lines were similar to those of the fractured calcaneus. The calcanei of five men and two women aged 44–77 years (average age, 60 years) with contralateral calcaneal fractures were analyzed. To assess the precision of the predicted fracture lines of the contralateral calcanei, they were compared with the fracture locations found by three‐dimensional models of the calcanei. The fracture lines of the finite element model simulated the actual fracture lines and diagnosed joint depression types of fractures (five cases) and tongue types (two cases), but only under certain conditions for each case. This trial simulated calcaneal fractures using a patient‐specific computed tomography‐based nonlinear finite element model. Therefore, we suggest that it is possible to reproduce calcaneal fractures using the finite element model. It was possible to predict with precision the actual calcaneal fracture for each patient and to reproduce fracture conditions. Therefore, this method is valuable because it can provide an understanding of the pathomechanism of calcaneal fractures. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:483–489, 2019.
Towards sustainable agriculture for the salt‐affected soil
Authors: Shao Hongbo , Chu Liye , Lu Haiying , Qi Weicong , Chen Xin , Liu Jia , Kuang Shaoping , Tang Boping , Wong Vanessa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSalt stress is a major problem happening in almost all the world, affecting soil metabolism and acting further negatively soil fertility and soil quality, causing land degradation and low ecosystem service functions and ecosystem productivity. In marshy area as one type of important marginal land resources, salt is also the main barrier to be improved and the driving force to make vegetation succeed. This commentary briefly reviews the main advance focusing on salt‐affected soil and introduced the publications in this Special Issue: Salt Soil Improvement and Efficient Development in Land Degradation & Development 29, 2018, to promote global cooperation for studying salt‐affecting soil quality, land degradation, and eco‐restoration.