bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: 2019 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of Americaa
Authors: Nicolle Lindsay E , Gupta Kalpana , Bradley Suzanne F , Colgan Richard , DeMuri Gregory P , Drekonja Dimitri , Eckert Linda O , Geerlings Suzanne E , Köves Béla , Hooton Thomas M , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Knight Shandra L , Saint Sanjay , Schaeffer Anthony J , Trautner Barbara , Wullt Bjorn , Siemieniuk Reed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common finding in many populations, including healthy women and persons with underlying urologic abnormalities. The 2005 guideline from the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommended that ASB should be screened for and treated only in pregnant women or in an individual prior to undergoing invasive urologic procedures. Treatment was not recommended for healthy women; older women or men; or persons with diabetes, indwelling catheters, or spinal cord injury. The guideline did not address children and some adult populations, including patients with neutropenia, solid organ transplants, and nonurologic surgery. In the years since the publication of the guideline, further information relevant to ASB has become available. In addition, antimicrobial treatment of ASB has been recognized as an important contributor to inappropriate antimicrobial use, which promotes emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The current guideline updates the recommendations of the 2005 guideline, includes new recommendations for populations not previously addressed, and, where relevant, addresses the interpretation of nonlocalizing clinical symptoms in populations with a high prevalence of ASB.
First-line Therapy With Donor-derived Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)–specific T Cells Reduces Persistent HCMV Infection by Promoting Antiviral Immunity After Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Yu , Pei Xu-Ying , Chang Ying-Jun , Yu Xing-Xing , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Liu Kai-Yan , Huang Xiao-Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, especially persistent HCMV infection, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Antiviral agents remain the first-line therapy but are limited by side effects and acquired resistance.

Methods
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of donor-derived HCMV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) as a first-line therapy for HCMV infection after allo-SCT and investigated the underlying mechanisms.

Results
In humanized HCMV-infected mice, first-line therapy with CTLs effectively combated systemic HCMV infection by promoting the restoration of graft-derived endogenous HCMV-specific immunity in vivo. In a clinical trial, compared with the pair-matched, high-risk control cohort, first-line therapy with CTLs significantly reduced the rate of persistent (2.9% vs 20.0%, P = .018) and late (5.7% vs 20.0%, P = .01) HCMV infection and cumulative incidence of persistent HCMV infection (hazard ratio [HR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.82; P = .02), lowered 1-year treatment-related mortality (HR, 0.15. 95% CI, 0.11–0.90. P = .03), and improved 1-year overall survival (HR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.05–9.00; P = .04). Moreover, first-line therapy with CTLs promoted the quantitative and functional recovery of CTLs in patients, which was associated with HCMV clearance.

Conclusions
We provide robust support for the benefits of CTLs combined with antiviral drugs as a first-line therapy for treating HCMV infection and suggest that adoptively infused CTLs may stimulate the recovery of endogenous HCMV-specific immunity.

Clinical trials registration
NCT02985775.
Incidence and Progression of Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Older Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Adolescents Taking Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Majonga Edith D , Rehman Andrea M , Mchugh Grace , Mujuru Hilda A , Nathoo Kusum , Odland Jon O , Ferrand Rashida A , Kaski Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
A high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities has been reported in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the incidence and progression of cardiac abnormalities among children taking ART in Zimbabwe.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted at a pediatric HIV clinic from 2014 to 2017. Children with HIV aged between 6 and 16 years and taking ART ≥6 months were enrolled. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 18 months.

Results
Of 197 participants recruited at baseline, 175 (89%; 48% female; median age 12 years, interquartile range 10–14 years) were followed up. The incidences of left and right heart abnormalities were 3.52 and 5.64 per 100 person-years, respectively. Stunting was associated with the development of any cardiac abnormality (adjusted odds ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.03–6.49; P = .043). Right ventricular (RV) dilatation persisted at follow-up in 92% of participants and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in 88%. Cardiac abnormalities present at baseline reverted to normal over the follow-up period in 11 (6%). There was an overall increase in mean z scores for LV, left atrium (LA), RV, interventricular septum, and LV posterior wall diameters at 18 months (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Despite ART, children with HIV have a high incidence of cardiac abnormalities, with only a minority being transient. Mean z scores for LV, LA, RV, interventricular septum, and LV posterior wall diameters increased over a relatively short follow-up period, suggesting the potential for progression of cardiac abnormalities. Longer follow-up is required to understand the clinical implications of these abnormalities.
Vitamin D Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory T Cell Function in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Schardey Josefine , Globig Anna-Maria , Janssen Christine , Hofmann Maike , Manegold Philipp , Thimme Robert , Hasselblatt Peter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Dysregulated T cell responses contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Because vitamin D [vitD] deficiency is a risk factor for adverse disease outcomes, we aimed to characterize the impact of vitD on intestinal and peripheral T cell profiles.

Methods
T cells were isolated from peripheral blood and intestinal biopsies of IBD patients, incubated with vitD and characterized by flow cytometry. To translate these in vitro findings to the clinic, serum vitD concentrations and clinical outcomes were correlated with T cell phenotype and function in a prospective patient cohort.

Results
Incubation of peripheral and intestinal T cells with 1,25(OH)2-vitD resulted in strongly reduced frequencies of pro-inflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interferon γ [IFNγ], interleukin-17 [IL-17], IL-22, IL-9 and tumour necrosis factor [TNF]. Univariable analysis of 200 IBD patients revealed associations of vitD deficiency with non-compliant vitD intake, season of the year and anaemia in Crohn’s disease [CD] as well as disease activity in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Ex vivo immunophenotyping revealed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were not substantially altered in vitD-deficient vs vitD-sufficient patients while regulatory T cell frequencies were reduced in UC and non-smoking CD patients with vitD deficiency. However, normalization of serum vitD concentrations in previously deficient CD patients resulted in significantly reduced frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-22.

Conclusion
vitD exerts profound anti-inflammatory effects on peripheral and intestinal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of IBD patients in vitro and inhibits TH1 and TH17 cytokine production in CD patients in vivo.
Changes in socioeconomic mortality inequalities at adult and old ages in Lithuania, 2001–05 to 2011–15
Authors: Jasilionis Domantas , Stankūnienė Vladislava , Baublytė Marė 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article provides evidence about changes in mortality inequalities by education and economic activity status among adults aged 30–64 and older adults aged 65 and over in Lithuania between 2001–05 and 2011–15. The study shows that the overall mortality decline in Lithuania was not homogeneous across socio-economic groups. The inequitable progress resulted in a widening in absolute and relative mortality inequalities among older adults and notable increases in relative mortality inequalities among adults aged 30–64. The total public health burden of mortality inequalities remained very pronounced or even increased further.
The origin of aerobic methanotrophy within the Proteobacteria
Authors: Kang Christina S , Dunfield Peter F , Semrau Jeremy D 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAerobic methanotrophs play critical roles in the global carbon cycle, but despite their environmental ubiquity, they are phylogenetically restricted. Via bioinformatic analyses, it is shown that methanotrophy likely arose from methylotrophy from the lateral gene transfer of either of the two known forms of methane monooxygenase (particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases). Moreover, it appears that both known forms of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MeDH) found in methanotrophs—the calcium-containing Mxa-MeDH and the rare earth element-containing Xox-MeDH—were likely encoded in the genomes before the acquisition of the methane monooxygenases (MMOs), but that some methanotrophs subsequently received an additional copy of Xox-MeDH-encoding genes via lateral gene transfer. Further, data are presented that indicate the evolution of methanotrophy from methylotrophy not only required lateral transfer of genes encoding for methane monooxygenases, but also likely the pre-existence of a means of collecting copper. Given the emerging interest in valorizing methane via biological platforms, it is recommended that future strategies for heterologous expression of methane monooxygenase for conversion of methane to methanol also include cloning of genes encoding mechanism(s) of copper uptake, especially for expression of particulate methane monooxygenase.
Promoting Volunteering Among Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang Da , Warner Lisa M , Chong Alice Ming-Lin , Li Tianyuan , Wolff Julia K , Chou Kee-Lee 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Volunteering has consistently been associated with better mental, physical, and cognitive health in older adulthood. However, the volunteering rate of older adults in Hong Kong is much lower than in Western countries. Few studies have examined whether interventions can be effective in motivating older adults to volunteer in Hong Kong. To fill this gap, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the impact of a theory-based social-cognitive intervention on volunteering.

Research Design and Methods
A total of 264 community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong (Mage = 69.95 years, SDage = 6.90 years, 81.06% female) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or an active control group. Participants in the experimental group received 4 weekly 1-hr face-to-face volunteering intervention sessions. Those in the active control group received parallel sessions targeting physical activity instead of volunteering. The time spent on volunteering per month was self-reported and measured at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Self-efficacy, intention, action planning, and self-monitoring of volunteering were measured as mediators.

Results
Monthly volunteering minutes increased among participants in the experimental group when compared with the active control group at 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. Self-efficacy, intention, and action planning consistently mediated the effect of the intervention on volunteering minutes.

Discussion and Implications
The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention on volunteering behavior in older adults in Hong Kong through well-established behavior change techniques.
Schur Algebras and Quantum Symmetric Pairs With Unequal Parameters
Authors: Lai Chun-Ju , Luo Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study the (quantum) Schur algebras of type B/C corresponding to the Hecke algebras with unequal parameters. We prove that the Schur algebras afford a stabilization construction in the sense of Beilinson–Lusztig–MacPherson that constructs a multiparameter upgrade of the quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras of type AIII/AIV with no black nodes. We further obtain the canonical basis of the Schur/coideal subalgebras, at the specialization associated with any weight function. These bases are the counterparts of Lusztig’s bar-invariant basis for Hecke algebras with unequal parameters. In the appendix we provide an algebraic version of a type D Beilinson–Lusztig–MacPherson construction, which is first introduced by Fan–Li from a geometric viewpoint.
Rival Visions of Parsimony
Authors: Gunitsky Seva 
Published: May 2019

Abstract“Parsimony” is a vague and divisive concept in political science. I identify three distinct but often conflated conceptions of parsimony. The aesthetic conception emphasizes a theory's elegance and clarity; the ontological conception, drawing upon the hard sciences, posits that the world is governed by simple fundamental laws. Neither applies in international relations theory or to social science more broadly. Instead, only the epistemological conception—abstracting from reality to highlight recurring patterns and build testable propositions—justifies parsimony. This view is not a naive simplification of the world but a self-conscious capitulation to its complexity. Though both critics and supporters of parsimony often do not distinguish among these three “visions,” doing so has important implications for how we think about evaluating theories.
Antitrust intent in an age of algorithmic nudging
Authors: Zingales Nicolo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article revisits the role of intent for the purposes of establishing an abuse of dominance under EU competition law. It does so by reviewing cases where the outcome hinged on the existence of anticompetitive intent, and eliciting from that a set of guiding principles. The consistency with those principles of the recent decision in Google Shopping is then discussed. After a critical examination of the definition of abusive conduct used by the Commission and the extent to which it satisfies the intent requirement in antitrust, the broader implications for providers of algorithmic intermediation services are explored.
Two recommendations are offered to ameliorate the status quo. First, courts and competition authorities should only take into account a defendant’s subjective state of mind under a ‘qualified intent’ test: a test requiring proof of immediate, substantial and foreseeable anticompetitive effects arising from a purported conduct. Secondly, to constrain the scope of application of the actionable duty of algorithmic self-scrutiny, regulators should introduce a negligence-based ‘safe harbor’. This safe harbour, mimicking the specialized regime of intermediary liability for information society service providers, would enable continued investment and innovation in algorithmic services while also promoting adherence to cross-industry best practices in algorithmic design.
Can Attractive Sticky Traps Be Used to Protect Horses From the Bites of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Tam Tracey L , Hogsette Jerome , TenBroeck Saundra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is a bloodsucking ectoparasite that causes irritation and distress to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Both sexes are vicious blood-feeders that feed on a variety of animals. Optically attractive sticky traps have been used to capture stable flies, and some companies claim that sticky traps can protect animals from the bites of stable flies. To further investigate the protective ability of sticky traps, Home and Garden Mosquito (HGM) traps were selected for evaluations at the University of Florida Horse Teaching Unit (HTU). Broodmares coated with fluorescent dust were either tethered to a post in the center of a paddock or released untethered into a paddock. HGM sticky traps were placed at the four compass points and four selected distances from the paddock center to capture stable flies before (unmarked) or after (marked) they visited the horses. More than 40% of flies captured on traps placed closest to the horses were marked. This indicates that the traps did not prevent the flies from visiting the horses. A percentage of marked and unmarked stable flies showed signs of blood in their guts indicating recent feeding. For unknown reasons, the number of stable flies marked with Signal Green dust exceeded the numbers marked with other colors. Although the HGM traps caught ample numbers of stable flies, the traps did not prevent stable flies from feeding on the horses. More work is needed to determine optimal trap placement and densities required to maximize stable fly management with traps.
Mapping the stability of stellar rotating spheres via linear response theory
Authors: Rozier S , Fouvry J-B , Breen P G , Varri A L , Pichon C , Heggie D C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rotation is ubiquitous in the Universe, and recent kinematic surveys have shown that early-type galaxies and globular clusters are no exception. Yet the linear response of spheroidal rotating stellar systems has seldom been studied. This paper takes a step in this direction by considering the behaviour of spherically symmetric systems with differential rotation. Specifically, the stability of several sequences of Plummer spheres is investigated, in which the total angular momentum, as well as the degree and flavour of anisotropy in the velocity space are varied. To that end, the response matrix method is customized to spherical rotating equilibria. The shapes, pattern speeds and growth rates of the systems’ unstable modes are computed. Detailed comparisons to appropriate N-body measurements are also presented. The marginal stability boundary is charted in the parameter space of velocity anisotropy and rotation rate. When rotation is introduced, two sequences of growing modes are identified corresponding to radially and tangentially biased anisotropic spheres, respectively. For radially anisotropic spheres, growing modes occur on two intersecting surfaces (in the parameter space of anisotropy and rotation), which correspond to fast and slow modes, depending on the net rotation rate. Generalized, approximate stability criteria are finally presented.
CNIT: a fast and accurate web tool for identifying protein-coding and long non-coding transcripts based on intrinsic sequence composition
Authors: Guo Jin-Cheng , Fang Shuang-Sang , Wu Yang , Zhang Jian-Hua , Chen Yang , Liu Jing , Wu Bo , Wu Jia-Rui , Li En-Min , Xu Li-Yan , Sun Liang , Zhao Yi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As more and more high-throughput data has been produced by next-generation sequencing, it is still a challenge to classify RNA transcripts into protein-coding or non-coding, especially for poorly annotated species. We upgraded our original coding potential calculator, CNCI (Coding-Non-Coding Index), to CNIT (Coding-Non-Coding Identifying Tool), which provides faster and more accurate evaluation of the coding ability of RNA transcripts. CNIT runs ∼200 times faster than CNCI and exhibits more accuracy compared with CNCI (0.98 versus 0.94 for human, 0.95 versus 0.93 for mouse, 0.93 versus 0.92 for zebrafish, 0.93 versus 0.92 for fruit fly, 0.92 versus 0.88 for worm, and 0.98 versus 0.85 for Arabidopsis transcripts). Moreover, the AUC values of 11 animal species and 27 plant species showed that CNIT was capable of obtaining relatively accurate identification results for almost all eukaryotic transcripts. In addition, a mobile-friendly web server is now freely available at http://cnit.noncode.org/CNIT.
Difficult-to-treat gout flares: eligibility for interleukin-1 inhibition in private practice is uncommon according to current EMA approval
Authors: Pascart Tristan , Norberciak Laurène , Ea Hang-Korng , Graf Sahara , Guggenbuhl Pascal , Lioté Frédéric 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to determine the proportion of patients with difficult-to-treat or difficult-to-prevent acute gout attacks eligible for IL-1 inhibition.

Methods
Participants included in the French cross-sectional GOSPEL cohort (n = 1003 gout patients) were examined for contraindications and intolerance to standard of care (SoC) drugs of gout flares (colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and systemic glucocorticoids). Patients were classified as definitely eligible for first-line IL-1 inhibition (canakinumab) according to European summary of product characteristics (contraindications/intolerance to SoC and at least three flares per year) without any other anti-inflammatory options (contraindications/intolerance only), or potentially eligible (precaution of use). Eligibility to receive IL-1 during an on-going flare related to insufficient efficacy was assessed (second-line eligibility).

Results
Definite first-line eligibility for IL-1 therapy was found in 10 patients (1%) and contraindication to all SoC therapies in nine patients who had presented <3 flares in the past 12 months. At least precaution of use for SoC therapies was noted for 218/1003 patients (21.7%). Of 487 patients experiencing flares at baseline, 114 (23.4%) were still experiencing pain scored ⩾4/10 numeric scale on day 3, one of whom could not receive further SoC drugs. Only nine of them had three or more flares in the past year and were eligible for second-line IL-1 inhibition.

Conclusion
Despite significant numbers of patients without any SoC anti-inflammatory therapeutic options for gout flares, eligibility for IL-1 inhibition therapy according to current European approval is rare.
UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT IN THE RESPONSE TEST OF A THYROID MONITOR
Authors: Yunoki Akira 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A test device consisting of an I-131 source, a phantom on a 3D moving table, and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector on a fixed flat table was developed to carry out response tests of a thyroid monitor. A measurement uncertainty due to variation of configuration of the source and the detector, as well as other factors, was estimated. The estimated relative standard uncertainty of measurement at a source–detector distance of 100 mm, which was deduced to be the optimum, was 1.9%. This is sufficiently small for calibrating a thyroid monitor used for radiation protection.
MEASUREMENT OF RADON SOIL GAS IN AND AROUND BHARATHINAGARA, MANDYA DISTRICT
Authors: Shashikumar T S , Revanna S , Ramachandra M N , Ashok G V , Ningappa C , Gowda Shivalinge 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Radon activity concentration in soil gas has been studied in and around Bharathinagara, Mandya district (12° 13|| N and 77° 20|| E) using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors with Twin cup dosimeter. The activity concentration of 222Rn in soil gas was studied at two depths. Radon in soil gas was found to increase with depth and decrease with increase in moisture content of the soil. Radon in soil gas was found to be higher in winter season which varies from 0.22 ± 0.01 to 1.31 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.56 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 1 m depth and lower radon soil gas was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.30 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 0.5 m depth during summer season. The activity concentrations of radon soil gas from in and around Bharathinagara are lower compared to those in other parts of the world.