bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating calendar effects to predict influenza seasonality in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Authors: Simpson Ryan B. , Alarcon Falconi Tania M. , Venkat Aishwarya , Chui Kenneth H. H. , Navidad Jose , Naumov Yuri N. , Gorski Jack , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Naumova Elena N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Social outings can trigger influenza transmission, especially in children and elderly. In contrast, school closures are associated with reduced influenza incidence in school-aged children. While influenza surveillance modelling studies typically account for holidays and mass gatherings, age-specific effects of school breaks, sporting events and commonly celebrated observances are not fully explored. We examined the impact of school holidays, social events and religious observances for six age groups (all ages, ⩽4, 5–24, 25–44, 45–64, ⩾65 years) on four influenza outcomes (tests, positives, influenza A and influenza B) as reported by the City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 2004 to 2009. We characterised holiday effects by analysing average weekly counts in negative binomial regression models controlling for weather and seasonal incidence fluctuations. We estimated age-specific annual peak timing and compared influenza outcomes before, during and after school breaks. During the 118 university holiday weeks, average weekly tests were lower than in 140 school term weeks (5.93 vs. 11.99 cases/week, P < 0.005). The dampening of tests during Winter Break was evident in all ages and in those 5–24 years (RR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.22–0.41 vs. RR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.09–0.22, respectively). A significant increase in tests was observed during Spring Break in 45–64 years old adults (RR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.14–3.96). Milwaukee Public Schools holiday breaks showed similar amplification and dampening effects. Overall, calendar effects depend on the proximity and alignment of an individual holiday to age-specific and influenza outcome-specific peak timing. Better quantification of individual holiday effects, tailored to specific age groups, should improve influenza prevention measures.
Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the Zhejiang Province of China
Authors: Xu Jintian , Li Ping , Zheng Shengchao , Shu Wei , Pang Yu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Risk factors and prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases were retrospectively evaluated in 1208 suspected pulmonary TB patients seeking care at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University between July 2018 and December 2018. Further analysis of 390 culture-positive cases demonstrated that 358 (358/390, 91.8%) were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 24 (24/390, 6.2%) with NTM and eight (8/390, 2.0%) with both MTB and NTM. M. intracellulare was the most prevalent NTM isolated (16/24, 66.7%), followed by M. abscessus (3/24), M. kansasii (2/24), M. avium (1/24), M. szulgai (1/24) and M. fortuitum (1/24). The difference between NTM and TB case rates for the ⩾65-year-old age group significantly exceeded the difference for the reference group (patients aged 25–44 years) (OR (95% CI): 4.63 (1.03–20.90)). Pulmonary NTM diseases incidence positively correlated with prior TB history (OR (95% CI): 12.92 (3.24–31.82)). Moreover, pulmonary NTM patients were significantly more likely to exhibit underlying bronchiectasis than pulmonary TB patients (OR (95% CI): 18.89 (7.54–47.88)). In conclusion, approximately one-tenth of culture-positive suspected pulmonary TB patients are infected with NTM (most frequently M. intracellulare) in Zhejiang Province, China. The elderly and those with bronchiectasis or a history of TB are at the greatest risk of contracting pulmonary NTM disease.
Extremely short setting of optimal sensed atrioventricular interval in patients after Fontan procedure with implanted dual-chamber pacemaker
Authors: Miyazaki Aya , Yoshimura Shin-ichiro , Matsutani Hayato , Miyake Makoto , Negishi Jun , Yamanaka Kazuo , Yamada Osamu , Doi Hiraku , Ohuchi Hideo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:Atrioventricular interval optimisation is important in patients with dual-chamber pacing, especially with heart failure. In patients with CHD, especially in those with Fontan circulation, the systemic atrial contraction is supposed to be more important than in patients without structural heart disease.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated two patients after Fontan procedure with dual-chamber pacemaker with a unique setting of optimal sensed atrioventricular interval.Results:The optimal sensed atrioventricular interval determined by echocardiogram was extremely short sensed atrioventricular interval at 25 and 30 ms in both cases; however, the actual P wave and ventricular pacing interval showed 180 and 140 ms, respectively. In both cases, the atrial epicardial leads were implanted on the opposite site of the origin of their own atrial rhythm. The time differences between sensed atrioventricular interval and actual P wave and ventricular pacing interval occurred because of the site of the epicardial atrial pacing leads and the intra-atrial conduction delay.Conclusion:We need to consider the origin of the atrial rhythm, the site of the epicardial atrial lead, and the atrial conduction delay by using electrocardiogram and X-ray when we set the optimal sensed atrioventricular interval in complicated CHD.
Present‐Day Subsidence in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta: Eastern Amplification of the Holocene Sediment Loading Contribution
Authors: Krien Y. , Karpytchev M. , Ballu V. , Becker M. , Grall C. , Goodbred S. , Calmant S. , Shum C. K. , Khan Z. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe subsidence of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta (GBMD) drastically increases the adverse impacts of coastal flooding and exacerbates the vulnerability of populations from ongoing rapid sea level rise. We focus here on estimating the present‐day subsidence rates induced by the loading of sediments continuously deposited within the GBMD over the past 11,000 years. By constructing a realistic GBMD 3‐D numerical model with laterally variable mantle and lithospheric structure, we demonstrate for the first time that the presence of the strong Indian Craton and the weakened Indo‐Burma margin results in significant amplification of subsidence driven by sediment loading in the eastern part of the delta, where the population density is the highest (>1,000 habitants per km2). Although uncertainties remain regarding the amplitude of subsidence, the rate estimates (2–3 mm/year) are found to be comparable to the present‐day global mean sea level rise.
Strength Profile of the Inner Nankai Accretionary Prism at IODP Site C0002
Authors: Kitamura Manami , Kitajima Hiroko , Sone Hiroki , Hamada Yohei , Hirose Takehiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe strength of accretionary prisms is important for understanding their formation and the generation of earthquakes along the underlying plate boundary faults. We establish a continuous depth profile of rock strength and possible ranges of the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses (Shmin and SHmax) based on indentation tests on cuttings samples at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002 in the Nankai accretionary prism. The rock strength (i.e., differential stress) increases with depth from 5.1 and 11.0 MPa at 975 meters below the seafloor (mbsf) to 22.8 and 59.6 MPa at 3005 mbsf in normal and reverse faulting regimes, respectively. The minimum value of Shmin and the maximum value of SHmax range from 33.2 and 49.4 MPa at 975 mbsf to 57.1 and 139.6 MPa at 3005 mbsf, respectively. Our estimated strength, in combination with Coulomb wedge model, may improve understanding of the evolution of accretionary prisms.
Forced Subduction Initiation at Passive Continental Margins: Velocity‐Driven Versus Stress‐Driven
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Li Zhong‐Hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSubduction initiation (SI) at passive continental margin plays a key role in the Wilson cycle of plate tectonics; however, the long‐lived, stable Atlantic‐type margin challenges this hypothesis. The spontaneous SI at passive margin is difficult, which could be instead induced by far‐field tectonic forces. Previous analog and numerical models are generally conducted with constant convergent velocity, which may lead to extremely large boundary force in order for SI. In this study, we focus on numerical models with constant convergent force/stress to investigate the conditions for SI at typical passive margin without any type of prescribed weak zones. The result indicates that the SI at young passive margins with thin oceanic lithosphere is much easier than that at old margins. It reveals the dynamics of multiple newly formed subduction zones in the young oceanic plates of Southeast Asia and Southwest Pacific, but generally no SI for the old Atlantic‐type passive margin.
Large Summer Contribution of Organic Biogenic Aerosols to Arctic Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Authors: Lange Robert , Dall'Osto Manuel , Wex Heike , Skov Henrik , Massling Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA k‐means cluster analysis of a 5‐year aerosol particle size distribution data set from northeast Greenland is combined with measurements of coincident shorter field studies of aerosol equivalent black carbon (eBC) content, hygroscopic growth factor (HGF), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. This led to five clusters strongly controlled by natural emissions (eBC 8–15 ng/m3) and three anthropogenic clusters with larger particle concentrations in the accumulation mode (eBC 29–77 ng/m3). The HGF and CCN properties of the eight aerosol clusters differ drastically. Anthropogenic clusters feature high growth factors (1.62–1.81) and low CCN κ values (0.10–0.46), while natural clusters show lower HGF (1.38–1.70) but remarkably higher κ values (0.35–0.51). Extrapolating the CCN properties on the basis of the cluster analysis to annual timescales suggests that biogenic organic aerosol may drive Arctic aerosol production during summer.
Physical Weathering Intensity Controls Bioavailable Primary Iron(II) Silicate Content in Major Global Dust Sources
Authors: Shoenfelt Elizabeth M. , Winckler Gisela , Annett Amber L. , Hendry Katharine R. , Bostick Benjamin C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe speciation of iron (Fe) reaching the ocean, for instance in wind‐blown dust and coastal sediments, impacts its bioavailability to phytoplankton and its impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate. For dust reaching the Southern Ocean, primary Fe(II) silicates that are physically weathered from bedrock are highly bioavailable compared to more chemically weathered, Fe(III)‐rich species, suggesting that weathering in dust source regions impacts the bioavailable Fe supply. However, this phenomenon has not been studied in other important terrestrial Fe sources, where weathering regimes and source geology vary. Here, we use Fe X‐ray absorption spectroscopy on marine sediment cores to show that major global dust and sediment sources impacted by high physical weathering contain abundant primary minerals and thus are overlooked as a source of highly bioavailable Fe globally. Thus, it is important to consider the role of physical versus chemical weathering in Fe fertilization and biotic CO2 cycling.
Buoyancy Effect on the Winter South China Sea Western Boundary Current
Authors: Yan Yunwei , Wang Guihua , Xue Huijie , Chai Fei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe month‐to‐month variation of the winter South China Sea (SCS) western boundary current (WBC) along the western slope is examined using drifter observations, satellite altimetry data, and an ocean reanalysis. The most surprising phenomenon is that the WBC velocity at the sea surface reaches the maxima in November–December, which cannot be explained by wind forcing and Kuroshio intrusion alone. Analysis results demonstrate that buoyancy effect should be considered to explain the month‐to‐month variation besides wind‐Kuroshio effects. In winter, cold‐and‐salty advection by the WBC from the north decreases/reverses the zonal density gradient in the seasonal pycnocline induced by wind forcing and Kuroshio intrusion and therefore weakens wind‐Kuroshio‐induced WBC. Buoyancy effect on the winter SCS WBC is opposite to wind‐Kuroshio effects. In addition, buoyancy effect reaches the maximum in January, which is concurrent with wind‐Kuroshio effects. As a result of their competition, the zonal density gradient in the seasonal pycnocline is maximum in November–December, resulting in the maximum surface velocity along the western slope occurring in November‐December. This study demonstrates the importance of buoyancy forcing to the winter SCS WBC.
Understanding Monsoonal Water Cycle Changes in a Warmer Climate in E3SMv1 Using a Normalized Gross Moist Stability Framework
Authors: Harrop Bryce E. , Ma Po‐Lun , Rasch Philip J. , Qian Yun , Lin Guangxing , Hannay Cecile 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the grand challenges of climate science is understanding the changes of the tropical rain belts and monsoon systems owing to CO2‐induced warming. A promising path forward links the fluxes of energy and moisture to tropical circulation features. To this end, we make use of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1, where the divergence of moist static energy and moisture have been calculated online, and employ a normalized gross moist stability (NGMS) diagnostic framework to understand the linkages between changes in the flow of energy and moisture within the monsoons. We focus on the Asian Summer Monsoon system and utilize a series of atmosphere‐land and atmosphere‐land‐ocean simulations to understand the connection between fluxes and monsoons. Uncoupled simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures indicate that decreases in NGMS over land are important in explaining precipitation increases in response to both sea surface temperature and CO2 increases. In fully coupled experiments, NGMS decreases remain an important contributor to the increase in P‐E, but the coupled simulations highlight the importance of consistent ocean and land responses in interpreting the monsoon changes. This study indicates that transient eddy fluxes play an important role in NGMS decreases and that a time‐mean view of the monsoon circulations is insufficient to quantify the link between future changes in the fluxes of energy and moisture. Compensation between dynamic and thermodynamic components of vertical moist static energy advection occurs, with the thermodynamic contribution dominating. The compensation is shown to be sensitive to relative humidity, with higher relative humidity leading to a stronger thermodynamic component.
The Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 upregulates the cellular antioxidant defense to enable B-cell growth transformation and immortalization
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Nagy Noemi , Masucci Maria G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes human B-lymphocytes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies. The EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enables B-cell immortalization but causes oxidative DNA damage and triggers antiproliferative DNA damage responses. By comparing pairs of EBV-negative and -positive tumor cell lines we found that, while associated with the accumulation of oxidized nucleotides, EBV carriage promotes the concomitant activation of oxo-dNTP sanitization and purging pathways, including upregulation of the nucleoside triphosphatase mut-T homolog 1 (MTH1) and the DNA glycosylases 8-oxoguanine-glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and mut-Y homolog (MUTYH). Expression of EBNA1 was reversibly associated with transcriptional activation of this cellular response. DNA damage and apoptosis were preferentially induced in EBNA1-positive cell lines by treatment with MTH1 inhibitors, suggesting that virus carriage is linked to enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress. MTH1, OGG1, and MUTYH were upregulated upon EBV infection in primary B-cells and treatment with MTH1 inhibitors prevented B-cell immortalization. These findings highlight an important role of the cellular antioxidant response in sustaining EBV infection, and suggests that targeting this cellular defense may offer a novel approach to antiviral therapy and could reduce the burden of EBV associated cancer.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 Ameliorates diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in mouse aorta via activation of the CaMKK2/AMPKα signaling pathway
Authors: Ying Lei , Li Na , He Zhengyue , Zeng Xueqin , Nan Yan , Chen Jiantong , Miao Peipei , Ying Yunyun , Lin Wei , Zhao Xinyu , Lu Lu , Chen Mengke , Cen Wei , Guo Tonglin , Li Xiaokun , Huang Zhifeng , Wang Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction initiates and exacerbates hypertension, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications in diabetic mellitus. FGF21 is a hormone that mediates a number of beneficial effects relevant to metabolic disorders and their associated complications. Nevertheless, it remains unclear as to whether FGF21 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the effect of FGF21 on endothelial function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We found that FGF21 reduced hyperglycemia and ameliorated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice, an effect that was totally lost in type 1 diabetic mice. However, FGF21 activated AMPKα, suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aorta in both types, suggesting a mechanism that is independent of its glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects. In vitro, we identified a direct action of FGF21 on endothelial cells of the aorta, in which it bounds to FGF receptors to alleviate impaired endothelial function challenged with high glucose. Furthermore, the CaMKK2-AMPKα signaling pathway was activated to suppress oxidative stress. Apart from its anti-oxidative capacity, FGF21 activated eNOS to dilate the aorta via CaMKK2/AMPKα activation. Our data suggest expanded potential uses of FGF21 for the treatment of vascular diseases in diabetes.
Efficacy of pulmonary transplantation of engineered macrophages secreting IL-4 on acute lung injury in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Huiying , He Yuan , Lu Cheng , Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Chenchen , Ni Yanli , Niu Wenkai , Yuan Xin , Li Puyuan , Zheng Jing , Qin Yanhong , Zhang Luo , Bai Changqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are major causes of respiratory failure, but currently, no effective pharmacotherapy exists for these disorders. Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in both the acute/initial phase and chronic/resolving phase of ALI, rendering them a potential therapeutic target. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), a Th2 cytokine, not only directly inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors from macrophages but also drives macrophages to the anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling M2 type. However, the short half-life of IL-4 in vivo hampers its effect on disease treatment. In this study, macrophages secreting IL-4 (M-IL-4) were established and used to treat ALI through pulmonary macrophage transplantation (PMT). The results showed that highly sustained levels of IL-4 and M2 macrophage markers were detected in mice lungs following pulmonary M-IL-4 transplantation. Furthermore, PMT improved the therapeutic effect by reducing lung inflammation, alleviating tissue injury, reducing alveolar macrophages necrotic cell death, and decreasing mortality in mice with ALI. These results suggest an efficient macrophage-based protein drug delivery strategy, and for the first time, prove the feasibility and efficacy of PMT in ALI treatment.
SNRPB promotes the tumorigenic potential of NSCLC in part by regulating RAB26
Authors: Liu Nianli , Wu Zhiyuan , Chen Aoxing , Wang Yuqi , Cai Dafei , Zheng Junian , Liu Yong , Zhang Longzhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSNRPB is a core component of spliceosome and plays a major role in regulating alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA. However, little is known about its role in cancer to date. In this study, we observe that SNRPB is overexpressed in NSCLC and correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. We demonstrate that SNRPB promotes NSCLC tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we reveal that RAB26 is a critical target of SNRPB. Suppression of SNRPB leads to retention of intron seven in the RAB26 mRNA and reduced RAB26 mRNA through activation of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). Moreover, forced expression of RAB26 partially restores the decreased tumorigenicity in NSCLC cells with SNRPB depletion. Our study unveils a novel role of SNRPB in facilitating NSCLC tumorigenesis via regulation of RAB26 expression and proposes that the SNRPB/RAB26 pathway may offer a therapeutic vulnerability in NSCLC.
Circadian control of lung inflammation in influenza infection
Authors: Sengupta Shaon , Tang Soon Y. , Devine Jill C. , Anderson Seán T. , Nayak Soumyashant , Zhang Shirley L. , Valenzuela Alex , Fisher Devin G. , Grant Gregory R. , López Carolina B. , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInfluenza is a leading cause of respiratory mortality and morbidity. While inflammation is essential for fighting infection, a balance of anti-viral defense and host tolerance is necessary for recovery. Circadian rhythms have been shown to modulate inflammation. However, the importance of diurnal variability in the timing of influenza infection is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that endogenous rhythms affect survival in influenza infection. Circadian control of influenza infection is mediated by enhanced inflammation as proven by increased cellularity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary transcriptomic profile and histology and is not attributable to viral burden. Better survival is associated with a time dependent preponderance of NK and NKT cells and lower proportion of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. Further, using a series of genetic mouse mutants, we elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying circadian gating of influenza infection.
Engineered triple inhibitory receptor resistance improves anti-tumor CAR-T cell performance via CD56
Authors: Zou Fan , Lu Lijuan , Liu Jun , Xia Baijin , Zhang Wanying , Hu Qifei , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yiwen , Lin Yingtong , Jing Shuliang , Huang Mei , Huang Bifen , Liu Bingfeng , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe inhibitory receptors PD-1, Tim-3, and Lag-3 are highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and compromise their antitumor activity. For efficient cancer immunotherapy, it is important to prevent chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell exhaustion. Here we downregulate these three checkpoint receptors simultaneously on CAR-T cells and that show the resulting PTL-CAR-T cells undergo epigenetic modifications and better control tumor growth. Furthermore, we unexpectedly find increased tumor infiltration by PTL-CAR-T cells and their clustering between the living and necrotic tumor tissue. Mechanistically, PTL-CAR-T cells upregulate CD56 (NCAM), which is essential for their effector function. The homophilic interaction between intercellular CD56 molecules correlates with enhanced infiltration of CAR-T cells, increased secretion of interferon-γ, and the prolonged survival of CAR-T cells. Ectopically expressed CD56 promotes CAR-T cell survival and antitumor response. Our findings demonstrate that genetic blockade of three checkpoint inhibitory receptors and the resulting high expression of CD56 on CAR-T cells enhances the inhibition of tumor growth.