bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of depression in HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rezaei Sepide , Ahmadi Saba , Rahmati Jeiran , Hosseinifard Hossein , Dehnad Afsaneh , Aryankhesal Aidin , Shabaninejad Hosein , Ghasemyani Shabnam , Alihosseini Samira , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Raoofi Samira , Kiaee Zahra Mansour , Ghashghaee Ahmad 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe incidence of some fatal diseases, including HIV/AIDS, accompanied by depression has become a significant concern in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. A great deal of time and money are spent on controlling and reducing the complications of this infection across the world. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to clarify the global prevalence rate of depression in patients living with HIV/AIDS via a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodologyAll articles in English, published between 2000 and 2018, were systematically searched from the original databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Embase. As a result, a total of 118 articles were identified.ResultsThe total sample size in these articles was 51143 people, and the number of patients suffering from moderate and severe levels of depression was 14 942. The results of the analysis based on the random-effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model revealed that the prevalence rate of depression in patients with HIV/AIDS was 31% (95% CI 28% to 34%), with a 98% heterogeneity index which was reported significant. Meanwhile, the highest prevalence rate of depression based on continent was in South America at 44% (95% CI 35% to 53%) and the lowest rate was in Europe at 22% (95% CI 17% to 27%).ConclusionIn general, there was a higher prevalence rate of depression in developing and underdeveloped countries than in developed countries, which could be attributed to the advancement of science and the possibilities for early diagnosis of this syndrome.Trial registration numberCRD42019119137.
Type of dual superconductivity for the SU(2) Yang–Mills theory
Authors: Nishino Shogo , Kondo Kei-Ichi , Shibata Akihiro , Sasago Takaaki , Kato Seikou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We investigate the type of dual superconductivity responsible for quark confinement. For this purpose, we solve the field equations of the U(1) gauge-scalar model to obtain a single static vortex solution in the whole range without restricting to the long-distance region. Then we use the resulting magnetic field of the vortex to fit the gauge-invariant chromoelectric field connecting a pair of quark and antiquark which was measured by numerical simulations for SU(2) Yang–Mills theory on a lattice. This result improves the accuracy of the fitted value for the Ginzburg–Landau parameter to reconfirm the type I dual superconductivity for quark confinement which was claimed by preceding works based on the fitting using the Clem ansatz. Moreover, we calculate the Maxwell stress tensor to obtain the distribution of the force around the flux tube. This result suggests that the attractive force acts among chromoelectric flux tubes, in agreement with the type I dual superconductivity.
Correction to: Gendered behavior as a disadvantage in open source software development
Authors: Vedres Balazs , Vasarhelyi Orsolya 
Published: September 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that one more affiliation of the corresponding author is missing.
Currently Balasz Vedres affiliation is:
1 Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
It should be:
1 Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
2 Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
A Unique Morphological Phenotype in Chemoresistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming and PLIN4 Expression as a Molecular Vulnerability
Authors: Sirois Isabelle , Aguilar-Mahecha Adriana , Lafleur Josiane , Fowler Emma , Vu Viet , Scriver Michelle , Buchanan Marguerite , Chabot Catherine , Ramanathan Aparna , Balachandran Banujan , Légaré Stéphanie , Przybytkowski Ewa , Lan Cathy , Krzemien Urszula , Cavallone Luca , Aleynikova Olga , Ferrario Cristiano , Guilbert Marie-Christine , Benlimame Naciba , Saad Amine , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay , Saragovi Horace Uri , Josephy Sylvia , O'Flanagan Ciara , Hursting Stephen D. , Richard Vincent R. , Zahedi René P. , Borchers Christoph H. , Bareke Eric , Nabavi Sheida , Tonellato Peter , Roy Josée-Anne , Robidoux André , Marcus Elizabeth A. , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Majewski Jacek , Basik Mark 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The major obstacle in successfully treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment in this disease. Previous preclinical models of chemoresistance in TNBC have suffered from a lack of clinical relevance. Using a single high dose chemotherapy treatment, we developed a novel MDA-MB-436 cell-based model of chemoresistance characterized by a unique and complex morphologic phenotype, which consists of polyploid giant cancer cells giving rise to neuron-like mononuclear daughter cells filled with smaller but functional mitochondria and numerous lipid droplets. This resistant phenotype is associated with metabolic reprogramming with a shift to a greater dependence on fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation. We validated both the molecular and histologic features of this model in a clinical cohort of primary chemoresistant TNBCs and identified several metabolic vulnerabilities including a dependence on PLIN4, a perilipin coating the observed lipid droplets, expressed both in the TNBC-resistant cells and clinical chemoresistant tumors treated with neoadjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. These findings thus reveal a novel mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that has therapeutic implications in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer.

Implications:
These findings underlie the importance of a novel morphologic–metabolic phenotype associated with chemotherapy resistance in TNBC, and bring to light novel therapeutic targets resulting from vulnerabilities in this phenotype, including the expression of PLIN4 essential for stabilizing lipid droplets in resistant cells.
Endothelial β-Catenin Signaling Supports Postnatal Brain and Retinal Angiogenesis by Promoting Sprouting, Tip Cell Formation, and VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) 2 Expression
Authors: Martowicz Agnieszka , Trusohamn Marta , Jensen Nina , Wisniewska-Kruk Joanna , Corada Monica , Ning Frank Chenfei , Kele Julianna , Dejana Elisabetta , Nyqvist Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Activation of endothelial β-catenin signaling by neural cell-derived Norrin or Wnt ligands is vital for the vascularization of the retina and brain. Mutations in members of the Norrin/β-catenin pathway contribute to inherited blinding disorders because of defective vascular development and dysfunctional blood-retina barrier. Despite a vital role for endothelial β-catenin signaling in central nervous system health and disease, its contribution to central nervous system angiogenesis and its interactions with downstream signaling cascades remains incompletely understood.

Approach and Results:
Here, using genetically modified mouse models, we show that impaired endothelial β-catenin signaling caused hypovascularization of the postnatal retina and brain because of deficient endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting. Mosaic genetic analysis demonstrated that endothelial β-catenin promotes but is not required for tip cell formation. In addition, pharmacological treatment revealed that angiogenesis under conditions of inhibited Notch signaling depends upon endothelial β-catenin. Importantly, impaired endothelial β-catenin signaling abrogated the expression of the VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)-2 and VEGFR3 in brain microvessels but not in the lung endothelium.

Conclusions:
Our study identifies molecular crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and the Notch and VEGF-A signaling pathways and strongly suggest that endothelial β-catenin signaling supports central nervous system angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell sprouting, tip cell formation, and VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling.
Outcomes and Resource Utilization Associated With Readmissions After Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalizations
Authors: Tripathi Byomesh , Atti Varunsiri , Kumar Varun , Naraparaju Vamsidhar , Sharma Purnima , Arora Shilpkumar , Wojtaszek Ewelina , Gopalan Radha , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Gersh Bernard J. , Deshmukh Abhishek 
Published: September 2019

Background
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. Data regarding 30‐day readmission rates after discharge for atrial fibrillation remain poorly reported.

Methods and Results

The Nationwide Readmission Database (2010–2014) was queried using the
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
) codes to identify study population. Incidence, etiologies of 30‐day readmission and predictors of 30‐day readmissions, and cost of care were analyzed. Among 1 723 378 patients who survived to discharge, 249 343 (14.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days. Compared with the readmitted group, the nonreadmitted group had higher utilization of electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation. Atrial fibrillation was the most common cause of readmission (24.1%). Median time to 30‐day readmission was 13 days. Advancing age, female sex, and longer stay during index hospitalization predicted higher 30‐day readmissions, whereas private insurance, electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, higher income, and elective admissions correlated with lower 30‐day readmission. Comorbidities such as heart failure, neurological disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver failure, coagulopathy, anemia, peripheral vascular disease, and electrolyte disturbance, correlated with increased 30‐day readmissions and cost burden. Trend analysis showed a progressive decline in 30‐day readmission rates from 14.7% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2014 (
P
trend, <0.001).

Conclusions
Approximately 1 in 7 patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with symptomatic atrial fibrillation being the most common cause. We identified a predictive model for increased risk of readmissions and treatment expense. Electrical cardioversion during index admission was associated with a significant reduction in 30‐day readmissions and service charges. The 30‐day readmissions correlated with a substantial rise in the cost of care.
Association of Acute Venous Thromboembolism With In‐Hospital Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Panhwar Muhammad S. , Ginwalla Mahazarin , Kalra Ankur , Gupta Tanush , Kolte Dhaval , Khera Sahil , Bhatt Deepak L. , Sabik Joseph F. 
Published: September 2019

Background
While venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is a strong recommendation after most surgeries, it is controversial in cardiac surgeries such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), because of perceived low VTE incidence and increased bleeding risk. Prior studies may not have been adequately powered to study outcomes of VTE in this population. We sought to investigate the postoperative incidence and outcomes of CABG patients using a large national inpatient database.

Methods and Results

We utilized the 2013 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample to identify all patients >18 years of age who underwent CABG (without concomitant valvular procedures), and had VTE during the hospital stay. We then compared clinically relevant outcomes in patients with and without VTE. We identified 331 950 CABG procedures. Of these, 1.3% (n=4205) had VTE. Patients with VTE were more likely to be older (mean 67.2±10.4 years versus 65.2±10.4 years,
P
<0.001). VTE was associated with higher incidence of inpatient mortality (6.8% versus 1.7%; adjusted odds ratio 1.92 [95% CI 1.40–2.65];
P
<0.001) and complications. VTE was also associated with higher cost (mean±SE $81 995±$923 versus $48 909±$55) and longer length of stay (mean±SE 17.06±0.16 days versus 8.52±0.01 days).

Conclusions
Our analysis of >330 000 CABG procedures suggests that while postoperative VTE after CABG is rare, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to identify optimal strategies for VTE prophylaxis in these patients.
Viscous Effects in the Solid Earth Response to Modern Antarctic Ice Mass Flux: Implications for Geodetic Studies of WAIS Stability in a Warming World
Authors: Powell E. , Gomez N. , Hay C. , Latychev K. , Mitrovica J. X. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) overlies a thin, variable-thickness lithosphere and a shallow upper-mantle region of laterally varying and, in some regions, very low (~1018 Pa s) viscosity. We explore the extent to which viscous effects may affect predictions of present-day geoid and crustal deformation rates resulting from Antarctic ice mass flux over the last quarter century and project these calculations into the next half century, using viscoelastic Earth models of varying complexity. Peak deformation rates at the end of a 25-yr simulation predicted with an elastic model underestimate analogous predictions that are based on a 3D viscoelastic Earth model (with minimum viscosity below West Antarctica of 1018 Pa s) by ~15 and ~3 mm yr−1 in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, at sites overlying low-viscosity mantle and close to high rates of ice mass flux. The discrepancy in uplift rate can be reduced by adopting 1D Earth models tuned to the regional average viscosity profile beneath West Antarctica. In the case of horizontal crustal rates, adopting 1D regional viscosity models is no more accurate in recovering predictions that are based on 3D viscosity models than calculations that assume a purely elastic Earth. The magnitude and relative contribution of viscous relaxation to crustal deformation rates will likely increase significantly in the next several decades, and the adoption of 3D viscoelastic Earth models in analyses of geodetic datasets [e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)] will be required to accurately estimate the magnitude of Antarctic modern ice mass flux in the progressively warming world.
Incidence of BRAF V600E mutation in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience
Authors: Kure Shoko , Ishino Kousuke , Kudo Mitsuhiro , Wada Ryuichi , Saito Marie , Nagaoka Ryuta , Sugitani Iwao , Naito Zenya 
Published: September 2019

Objective Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for 95% of all thyroid carcinomas. PTC is an epithelial tumor characterized by the proliferation of follicular cells with distinctive nuclear features, and is heterogeneous in terms of its carcinogenesis and behavior. PTC has been associated with several genetic abnormalities, of which the BRAF V600E mutation is the most common. However, reported incidences of this mutation have varied depending on the patient background, population size, or methods. In this study, we investigated the incidence of BRAF V600E mutation and its relationships with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with PTC. Methods Surgical specimens were obtained from 40 patients with PTC who underwent surgery at Nippon Medical School Hospital between 2009 and 2017. DNA from exon 15 of the BRAF gene was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing. Results The frequency of BRAF V600E mutation increased with age. However, there were no correlations between BRAF V600E mutation and other clinicopathological features including sex, Hashimoto disease, family history of thyroid disease, tumor size, pathological T stage, pathological N stage, lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, and metastasis. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PTCs harboring the BRAF V600E mutation increased in an age-dependent manner.
Clinical characterization and prognostic implications of metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis at a Chinese center
Authors: Zhang Rui-Ning , Hao Hui-Fang , Zhang Wei , Li Qing , Ren Li-Jie , Jia Lan , Wei Fang , Chen Hai-Yan , Wang Zhe , Bi Xue-Qing , Pang Hai-Yan , Jiang Ai-Li , Wei Yi-Liang 
Published: September 2019

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common clinical condition associated with cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, its prognostic implication among patients receiving PD remains controversial. Methods In a prospective study from January 2013 and June 2016, we enrolled 190 patients undergoing PD and followed them for 46.4 ± 30.7 months. We assessed the associations of clinical characteristics and measurements with diabetes mellitus (DM) status, MS, and prognostic outcomes among the included patients. Results We found that DM was associated with shortened duration of dialysis and poor survival. The prevalence of MS was 58.9% among all patients. We found significant differences in age, body weight, body mass index, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, leukocytes, platelets, neutrophil percentage, and pre-albumin between patients with and without MS. We found a negative correlation trend between serum intact parathyroid hormone and MS among our patients. The arteriosclerosis index was significantly elevated in the MS group compared with the non-MS group. Serum calcium concentration and frequency of hospital admissions were significantly associated with mortality and technique failure. Conclusions MS was positively associated with cardiovascular disease. DM, and hypocalcemia. Frequent hospital admissions can predict poor prognosis in patients undergoing PD.
Prevenzione primaria della malattia cardiovascolare: c’è bisogno di un’aspirina?
Authors: Floccari Fulvio , Marrocco Fulvio , Rivera Rodolfo , Di Lullo Luca 
Published: September 2019

The efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with aspirin in the primary prevention of major cardiovascular events was questioned during 2018, following a new series of trials that we summarize here in a quick synoptic overview. The three studies involved are the ASPREE trial, the ASCEND study and the ARRIVE trial. These studies all have a double-blind randomized design, and 100 mg/day aspirin was administered with an intention-to-treat approach and against placebo. Age of the enrolled patients, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and geographical location of other studies are just some of the elements analyzed here, in addition to the different problems of cardiovascular events. The ASPREE study observed a marginal reduction of cardiovascular events with the use of aspirin, by approximately 5% with a confidence interval at risk of insignificancy. On the other hand, the increased risk of a hemorrhagic event appeared to be rather robust, resulting between 18% and 62%. The ASCEND study observed a reduction in cardiovascular events of around 12%, offset by an increase in the risk of major bleeding between 9% and 52%. The ARRIVE study did not detect any incidence of major cardiovascular events, while the risk of major bleeding appeared to even double. The evidences of the current literature push us to review a widespread conviction among professionals who fight the war against cardiovascular disease every day: the prescription of aspirin in the primary prevention can no longer happen systematically, and every single prescription need care between benefits and dangers connected to the treatment.
Improving the provision of clinical skills teaching for undergraduate medical students during their psychiatry placement: a trainee-led quality improvement project
Authors: Davies Joanne , Churchhouse Gabrielle , Buckley Melissa 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To increase the provision of clinical skills training during their psychiatry placement by providing a new teaching course to enhance both their clinical knowledge and communication skills. Method: We delivered a pilot teaching course consisting of five workshops (incorporating facilitated, ‘near peer’ role-play) during the students’ psychiatry placement. Qualitative and quantitative feedback was collected pre- and post-course to allow for development of the course. Results: Data collected indicated that all students found the course a valuable addition to their usual teaching. They indicated that their confidence in their ability to assess patients with common clinical problems improved. Conclusions: This trainee-led course was easily integrated into the curriculum and received positive feedback from students. It may have enhanced students’ confidence and readiness for exams but this will require further examination of objective assessments and ongoing research to establish this.
Autologous Osteochondral Graft for Early Posttraumatic Arthritis of Tibiotalar Joints After Comminuted Pilon Fractures in Young Patients
Authors: Liu Xi , An Jingjing , Zhang Hui , Li Yaxing , Chen Yu , Zhang Wen 
Published: September 2019

Background: Posttraumatic arthritis of tibiotalar joints after AO/OTA type C3 pilon fractures, especially in young patients with a significant osteochondral defect in the tibial plafond joint surface, is a challenging situation. We report a joint-preserving technique using autologous osteochondral graft in combination with ankle distraction and supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT), if necessary, to improve its outcome. Methods: Seventeen patients with an average age of 32.1 years with Takakura grade 1 to 3A posttraumatic arthritis of the tibiotalar joint after AO/OTA type C3 pilon fractures received osteochondral autograft transplantation, ankle distraction, and SMOT, when supramalleolar malalignment was present, between February 2010 and November 2015. The visual analog scale (VAS), Short-Form 36 (SF-36) score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and ankle range of motion were used for outcome analysis. Radiographic assessment of any SMOT and the apparent joint space was performed. Fourteen patients were followed for an average of 18 months. Results: The VAS, SF-36, and AOFAS scores as well as the ankle range of motion all improved significantly at the last follow-up after the surgery ( P < .01). No deep surgical site infection, donor site complication, nonunion, osteochondral block loosening, or resorption was noted. No secondary arthrodesis was needed at the end of follow-up. Conclusion: Autologous osteochondral graft transplantation in combination with ankle distraction and SMOT was a promising joint-preserving technique for early posttraumatic arthritis of tibiotalar joint after severe pilon fractures in young patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.