bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐economic inequalities in mortality in children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Best Kate E. , Vieira Rute , Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Rankin Judith 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of socio‐economic status (SES) on congenital heart disease (CHD)‐related mortality in children is not well established.ObjectivesWe aimed to systematically review and appraise the existing evidence on the association between SES (including poverty, parental education, health insurance, and income) and mortality among children with CHD.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Natural, and Biological Science Collections), reference lists, citations, and key journals were searched.Study selection and data extractionWe included articles reporting original research on the association between SES and mortality in children with CHD if they were full papers published in the English language and regardless of (a) timing of mortality; (b) individual or area‐based measures of SES; (c) CHD subtype; (d) age at ascertainment; (e) study period examined. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, and quality appraisal were performed in duplicate.SynthesisMeta‐analyses were performed to estimate pooled ORs for in‐hospital mortality according to health insurance status.ResultsOf 1388 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Increased area‐based poverty was associated with increased odds/risk of postoperative (n = 1), neonatal (n = 1), post‐discharge (n = 1), infant (n = 1), and long‐term mortality (n = 2). Higher parental education was associated with decreased odds/risk of neonatal (n = 1) and infant mortality (n = 5), but not with long‐term mortality (n = 1). A meta‐analysis of four US articles showed increased unadjusted odds of in‐hospital mortality in those with government/public versus private health insurance (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24, 1.56). The association between area‐based income and CHD‐related mortality was conflicting, with three of eight articles reporting significant associations.ConclusionThis systematic review provides evidence that children of lower SES are at increased risk of CHD‐related mortality. As these children are over‐represented in the CHD population, interventions targeting socio‐economic inequalities could have a large impact on improving CHD survival.
Insurance customer behavior: Lessons from behavioral economics
Authors: Richter Andreas , Ruß Jochen , Schelling Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn economics it has traditionally been assumed that people make all their decisions like the so‐called homo oeconomicus – that is, maximizing (expected) utility of total wealth. In recent years, economics increasingly recognized that people often exhibit behavioral patterns which are incompatible with the idea of the homo oeconomicus. The field of behavioral economics incorporates insights from the field of psychology to explain discrepancies between predictions of traditional economic theory and actual observed behavior. In this paper, we summarize a selection of well‐established behavioral patterns observed in reality and discuss their relevance for the insurance industry when it comes to better understanding and predicting customer behavior. We also explain that people are not always risk‐averse and give a brief overview over Prospect Theory (probably the most popular behavioral economics alternative to Expected Utility Theory), its shortcomings for predicting behavior over a long time horizon, and its extensions. In total, we point out that, since dealing with risks and insurance products requires complex decision making processes, a deep understanding of the impacts of behavioral factors is essential to better assess and explain costumer behavior.
The facts of fake news: A research review
Authors: Tandoc Edson C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article offers a review of scholarly research on the phenomenon of fake news. Most studies have so far focused on three main themes: the definition and the scope of the problem; the potential causes; and the impact of proposed solutions. First, scholarly research has defined fake news as a form of falsehood intended to primarily deceive people by mimicking the look and feel of real news. While initial research has shown that only a small fraction of the online audience is exposed to fake news, for this small group of individuals, the impact of fake news can be quite substantial. Second, studies have identified cognitive processes that make individuals more prone to the influence of fake news, such as confirmation bias, selective exposure, and lack of analytical thinking. Fake news also derives its power from its appeal to partisanship, perceived novelty, and repeated exposure facilitated by both bots and human users that share them in the online sphere. Finally, while fact checking has also risen in response to fake news, studies have found that corrections to wrong information only work on some individuals.
Transcription of specific auxin efflux and influx carriers drives auxin homeostasis in tobacco cells
Authors: Müller Karel , Hošek Petr , Laňková Martina , Vosolsobě Stanislav , Malínská Kateřina , Čarná Mária , Fílová Markéta , Dobrev Petre I , Helusová Michaela , Hoyerová Klára , Petrášek Jan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAuxin concentration gradients are informative for the transduction of many developmental cues, triggering downstream gene expression and other responses. The generation of auxin gradients depends significantly on cell‐to‐cell auxin transport, which is supported by the activities of auxin efflux and influx carriers. However, at the level of individual plant cell, the co‐ordination of auxin efflux and influx largely remains uncharacterized. We addressed this issue by analyzing the contribution of canonical PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins to the carrier‐mediated auxin efflux in Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Bright Yellow (BY‐2) tobacco cells. We show here that a majority of canonical NtPINs are transcribed in cultured cells and in planta. Cloning of NtPIN genes and their inducible overexpression in tobacco cells uncovered high auxin efflux activity of NtPIN11, accompanied by auxin starvation symptoms. Auxin transport parameters after NtPIN11 overexpression were further assessed using radiolabelled auxin accumulation and mathematical modelling. Unexpectedly, these experiments showed notable stimulation of auxin influx, which was accompanied by enhanced transcript levels of genes for a specific auxin influx carrier and by decreased transcript levels of other genes for auxin efflux carriers. A similar transcriptional response was observed upon removal of auxin from the culture medium, which resulted in decreased auxin efflux. Overall, our results revealed an auxin transport‐based homeostatic mechanism for the maintenance of endogenous auxin levels.Open Research BadgesThis article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at http://osf.io/ka97b/
Melatonin enhances cotton immunity to Verticillium wilt via manipulating lignin and gossypol biosynthesis
Authors: Li Cheng , He Qiuling , Zhang Fan , Yu Jingwen , Li Cong , Zhao Tianlun , Zhang Yi , Xie Qianwen , Su Bangrong , Mei Lei , Zhu Shuijin , Chen Jinhong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPlants endure challenging environments in which they are constantly threatened by diverse pathogens. The soil‐borne fungus Verticillium dahliae is a devastating pathogen affecting many plant species including cotton, in which it significantly reduces crop yield and fiber quality. Melatonin involvement in plant immunity to pathogens has been reported, but the mechanisms of melatonin‐induced plant resistance are unclear. In this study, the role of melatonin in enhancing cotton resistance to V. dahliae was investigated. At the transcriptome level, exogenous melatonin increased the expression of genes in phenylpropanoid, mevalonate (MVA), and gossypol pathways after V. dahliae inoculation. As a result, lignin and gossypol, the products of these metabolic pathways, significantly increased. Silencing the serotonin N‐acetyltransferase 1 (GhSNAT1) and caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (GhCOMT) melatonin biosynthesis genes compromised cotton resistance, with reduced lignin and gossypol levels after V. dahliae inoculation. Exogenous melatonin pre‐treatment prior to V. dahliae inoculation restored the level of cotton resistance reduced by the above gene silencing effects. Melatonin levels were higher in resistant cotton cultivars than in susceptible cultivars after V. dahliae inoculation. The findings indicate that melatonin affects lignin and gossypol synthesis genes in phenylpropanoid, MVA, and gossypol pathways, thereby enhancing cotton resistance to V. dahliae.
Diaphragm fatigue and inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in men and women matched for absolute diaphragmatic work during pressure‐threshold loading
Authors: Geary Caitlin M. , Welch Joseph F. , McDonald Malcolm R. , Peters Carli M. , Leahy Michael G. , Reinhard Paige A. , Sheel A. William 
Published: July 2019

Key points
The female diaphragm fatigues at a slower rate compared to that of males, with blunted cardiovascular consequences (i.e. inspiratory muscle metaboreflex). It is unclear if these findings are a function of relative or absolute diaphragmatic work.
We asked if sex differences in diaphragm fatigue and the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex persisted during inspiratory loading performed at equal absolute intensities.
We found that matching men and women for absolute diaphragmatic work resulted in an equal degree of diaphragm fatigue, despite women performing significantly greater work relative to body mass.
Metabolite‐induced reflex influences in sympathetic outflow originating from the diaphragm are attenuated in women, with potential implications for blood flow distribution during exercise.
AbstractIn response to inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL), women have greater inspiratory muscle endurance time, slower rate of diaphragm fatigue development, and a blunted pressor response compared to men. It is unclear if these differences are due to discrepancies in absolute diaphragm force output. We tested the hypothesis that following inspirations performed at equal absolute intensities, females would develop a similar level of diaphragm fatigue and an attenuated cardiovascular response relative to men. Healthy young men (n = 8, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 8, age = 23 ± 3 years) performed PTL whilst targeting a transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) of 92 cmH2O for 5 min. Diaphragm fatigue was assessed via twitch Pdi (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. During PTL, the absolute amount of diaphragm work was not different between men (13,399 ± 2019 cmH2O s) and women (12,986 ± 1846 cmH2O s; P > 0.05); however, women performed the PTL task at a higher relative di/Pdi,max. Following inspiratory PTL, the magnitude of reduction in Pdi,tw was similar between men (−27.1 ± 7.2%) and women (−23.8 ± 13.8%; P > 0.05). There were significant increases in HR over time (P < 0.05), but this did not differ on the basis of sex (P > 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly over time in both men and women (P < 0.05); however, the rate of change was higher in men (6.24 ± 2.54 mmHg min−1) than in women (4.15 ± 2.52 mmHg min−1) (P < 0.05). We conclude that the female diaphragm is protected against severe fatigue when inspiratory work is excessive and as a result does not evoke overt sympathoexcitation.
Elastic Foundation Solution for the Energy Release Rate and Mode Partitioning of Face/Core Debonds in Sandwich Composites
Authors: Kardomateas George A. , Pichler Niels , Yuan Zhangxian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to derive closed form expressions for the energy release rate and mode partitioning of face/core debonds in sandwich composites, which include loading in shear. This is achieved by treating a finite length sandwich beam as having a “debonded” section where the debonded top face and the substrate (core and bottom face) are free and a “joined” section where a series of springs (elastic foundation) exists between the face and the substrate. The elastic foundation analysis is comprehensive and includes the deformation of the substrate part (unlike other elastic foundation studies in the literature) and is done for a general asymmetric sandwich construction. A J-integral approach is subsequently used to derive a closed form expression for the energy release rate. In the context of this elastic foundation model, a mode partitioning approach based on the transverse and axial displacements at the beginning of the elastic foundation (“debond tip”) is proposed. The results are compared with finite element results and show very good agreement.
Clinical benefit of two-times-per-day aclidinium bromide compared with once-a-day tiotropium bromide hydrate in COPD: a multicentre, open-label, randomised study
Authors: Kamei Tadashi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Nanki Nobuki , Minakata Yoshiaki , Matsunaga Kazuto , Mori Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly treated pharmaceutically with bronchodilators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits of two-times-per-day aclidinium bromide (Acli-BID) compared with once-a-day tiotropium bromide hydrate (Tio-QD) in patients with COPD.DesignThis study was a multicentre, open-label, randomised study.SettingFourcentres in Kagawa prefecture, Japan.ParticipantPatients who were diagnosed to have COPD Grade 2–3 according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2015 criteria were enrolled.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive Acli-BID or Tio-QD at a 1:1 ratio, and followed for 8 weeks. Acli-BID was administered in the morning and night, and Tio-QD was administered in the night.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was forced expiratory volume in one second area under the curve (FEV1AUC0-3), and secondary outcomes were pulmonary function, physical activity, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), the 8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and COPD exacerbations. Adverse events were evaluated during the study.Results44 patients were included in this study. FEV1AUC0-3at week 8 was 4.62±1.43 L·hour in Acli-BID and 4.73±1.60 L·hour in Tio-QD (mean difference (MD) −0.11 L·hour; 95% CI), −1.04 to 0.83). Significant improvement was observed in activity-related subscales of SGRQ (MD −7.78; 95% CI −14.61 to −0.94) and SF-8 (MD 4.01; 95% CI 0.37 to 7.65), mMRC (MD −0.66; 95% CI −1.19 to −0.13) and rate ratio (0.52, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.99) of exacerbations in the Acli-BID compared with the Tio-QD. Acli-BID and Tio-QD significantly improved sedentary behaviour (MD −35.20 min; 95% CI −67.41 to −2.94 and MD −55.40 min; 95% CI −98.15 to −12.77) within each group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionAcli-BID as with Tio-QD could be one of the therapeutic options for patients with COPD to improve pulmonary function. Also, our results suggest that intervention with bronchodilators enhanced physical activity in patients with COPD.Trial registration numberUMIN 000020020.
Effect of combined testing of ceramides with high-sensitive troponin T on the detection of acute coronary syndrome in patients with chest pain in China: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yao Kang , Wang Yanzhong , Xu Demin , Liu Xuebo , Shen Chengxing , Hu Wei , Wang Zhe , Wu Runda , Tang Xianglin , Sun Aijun , Zou Yunzeng , Qian Juying , Wu Guangyu , Guo Xin , Cheng Xiaoliang , Ge Junbo 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveCeramides are associated with coronary plaque vulnerability. We aim to investigate the potential diagnostic value of ceramides for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese patients with chest pain.DesignProspective observational survey.SettingShanghai, China, 2016–2017.ParticipantsA total of 2773 patients with chest pain from four hospitals in Shanghai, China, between August 2016 and October 2017.Main outcome measuresPerformance of metabolites model in detection of ACS cases including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina.ResultsPlasma levels of 12 ceramide molecules and corresponding ratios were compared between patients diagnosed with ACS and those without. Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z))/Cer(d18:1/24:0) ratio, Cer(d18:1/14:0) and Cer(d18:1/22:0) were independent predictors of ACS after adjustment of traditional risk factors and high-sensitivecardiac troponin T. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant improvement in detecting ACS in the multivariable model with ceramides compared with that without (0.865 (0.840 to 0.889) vs 0.808 (0.776 to 0.841), p<0.001).ConclusionDistinct plasma ceramides are independent diagnostic predictors of ACS among patients with chest pain. Ceramides together with high-sensitive troponin and traditional factors showed great potential in identifying ACS among patients with chest pain.
Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of fetal growth restriction: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Bettiol Alessandra , Lombardi Niccolò , Crescioli Giada , Avagliano Laura , Mugelli Alessandro , Ravaldi Claudia , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionFetal growth restriction (FGR) includes different conditions in which a fetus fails to reach the own full growth, and accounts for 28%–45% of non-anomalous stillbirths. The management of FGR is based on the prolongation of pregnancy long enough for fetal organs to mature while preventing starvation. As for pharmacological management, most guidelines recommend treatment with low-dose aspirin and/or with heparin, although this approach is still controversial and innovative promising therapies are under investigation. As no firm evidence exists to guide clinicians towards the most effective therapeutic intervention, this protocol describes methods for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NetMA) of pharmacological treatments for FGR prevention.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE and Embase for clinical trials and observational studies performed on gestating women with clinically diagnosed risk of FGR. Experimental interventions will include heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin, acetylsalicylic acid, antiplatelet agents, phosphodiesterase type 3 and 5 inhibitors, maternal vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy, nanoparticles, microRNA, statins, nitric oxide donors, hydrogen sulphide, proton pump inhibitors, melatonin, creatine and N-acetylcysteine, and insulin-like growth factors, compared between each other or to placebo or no treatment. Primary efficacy outcome is FGR. Secondary efficacy outcomes will be preterm birth, fetal or neonatal death and neonatal complications. For the safety outcome, all adverse events reported in included studies and experienced by either mothers, fetuses or newborns will be considered. Two review authors will independently screen title, abstract and full paper text, and will independently extract data from included studies. Where possible and appropriate, for primary and secondary efficacy outcomes, a NetMA will be performed using a random-effects model within a frequentist framework. Adverse events will be narratively described.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed scientific journal, and by scientific congresses and meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122831.
Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Wildisen Lea , Moutzouri Elisavet , Beglinger Shanthi , Syrogiannouli Lamprini , Cappola Anne R , Åsvold Bjørn O , Bakker Stephan J L , Ceresini Graziano , Dullaart Robin , Ferrucci Luigi , Grabe Hans , Jukema J Wouter , Nauck Matthias , Trompet Stella , Völzke Henry , Westendorp Rudi G J , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Peeters Robin P , Klöppel Stefan , Aujesky Drahomir , Bauer Douglas C , Rodondi Nicolas , Del Giovane Cinzia , Feller Martin 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionProspective cohort studies on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms have yielded conflicting findings, possibly because of differences in age, sex, thyroid-stimulating hormone cut-off levels or degree of baseline depressive symptoms. Analysis of individual participant data (IPD) may help clarify this association.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and IPD meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms. We will identify studies through a systematic search of the literature in the Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases from inception to April 2019 and from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration. We will ask corresponding authors of studies that meet our inclusion criteria to collaborate by providing IPD. Our primary outcome will be depressive symptoms at the first available individual follow-up, measured on a validated scale. We will convert all the scores to the Beck Depression Inventory scale. For each cohort, we will estimate the mean difference of depressive symptoms between participants with subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and control adjusted for depressive symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, we will adjust our multivariable linear regression analyses for age, sex, education and income. We will pool the effect estimates of all studies in a random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be assessed by I2. Our secondary outcomes will be depressive symptoms at a specific follow-up time, at the last available individual follow-up and incidence of depression at the first, last and at a specific follow-up time. For the binary outcome of incident depression, we will use a logistic regression model.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Our findings will have considerable implications for patient care. We will seek to publish this systematic review and IPD meta-analysis in a high-impact clinical journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091627.