bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion in the Life of Langston Hughes
Authors: Rampersad Arnold 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Langston Hughes published so much brilliant literature with a strongly religious flavor that many people, including academic critics, appear to assume that he was in some way ultimately a devout believer in God. This essay argues that while Hughes was fascinated and inspired by the dynamic role of religion in black American life, he himself, like so many writers black and white, was hostile to religion. Growing up with a sense of personal abandonment, he experienced God as a power that promised much but delivered little or nothing. Threatened because of his harshly irreligious poems (notably “Goodbye Christ”) written especially in the 1930s, when he was a radical, Hughes later embraced religious themes as a writer less because of his faith than because he saw this posture as likely to bolster his position against right-wing leaders, such as Senator Joe McCarthy, who wanted to silence him. Hughes's script for his own funeral, which explicitly excluded religion, reflected his bitterness on the subject and his rival belief in the redemptive power of values rooted in the black world, including jazz and the blues.
Langston Hughes and the Timeless Questions of Life and Death
Authors: Griffin Farah Jasmine 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This essay probes the resonance of Langston Hughes's writings from the vantage point of twenty-first century America. More specifically, the author points up Hughes's capacity to provide succor and comfort for contemporary readers who have suffered in the wake of death, including the death of Trayvon Martin and the racial overtones involved. Drawing from both personal and professional experience, the author demonstrates how Hughes's poetry can be interpreted in spiritual terms. At the same time, the author reexamines Hughes's racial politics, especially his criticism of a young black poet, whom many believe to be Countee Cullen, at the outset of his famous essay “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.”
The Embodied Freedom of Langston Hughes
Authors: Moss Kelsey C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This essay has been adapted from conference comments delivered at the “Remembering Langston Hughes: His Art, Life and Legacy Fifty Years Later” conference held at Princeton University, November 10–11, 2017. It ties together a number of prominent themes of Hughes's legacy. Through an analysis of the tension between the categories of identity that Hughes adopted and those he eschewed, it offers a commentary on longstanding academic debates concerning Hughes's perceived irreligiosity and sexual orientation. Based on lessons gleaned from Hughes's experimentalism and bold tradition of self-fashioning, it argues for a more expansive interpretation of these aspects of his life and work. While many scholars have interpreted Hughes as an atheist or antireligious, a more nuanced view of his life and the treatment of religion in his oeuvre reveals profound reflections on matters of faith. Similarly, it challenges straightforward interpretations of Hughes's personal life and sexual identity. Ultimately, the essay argues that Hughes’ art and his own embodied practice offer a model for approaching existential questions such as those of spiritual belief or sexual expression with more nuance and capaciousness.
The Rule of 57: Orthopaedic Trigonometry Made Easy
Authors: Speirs Joshua N. , Nelson Scott C. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
The Rule of 57 is an easy method for planning osteotomies and calculating translations when correcting spine and limb deformities.

Methods:
The rule is based on the mathematical principle that a circle with a radius of 57 mm has a circumference of 360 mm where each 1° of the circle subtends an arc of 1 mm in length.

Results:
Thus a 1 mm opening or closing wedge osteotomy with a width of 57 mm would result in 1° of angular correction.

Discussion:
This basic geometric shape can be extrapolated in many ways to determine proper alignment for preoperative planning, performing osteotomies, understanding guided growth, and executing a variety of deformity corrections.
The New UNCITRAL Instruments on International Commercial Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation – an Insider’s View
Authors: Rosner Norel 
Published: April 2019

The New UNCITRAL Instruments on International Commercial Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation – an Insider’s View
On 25 June 2018 the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) finalised two instruments on international commercial settlement agreements resulting from mediation.This article presents an insider’s view of this process, from the inception of the project to its completion in 2018. It will present the different stages of this process, from the discussions on the proposal to the actual discussions and negotiations and their different phases, including the agreed main features of the two instruments.
Hombres y Mujeres Indígenas: Pobreza y Relaciones de Género en México
Authors: Bello Dominguez Juan 
Published: April 2019

Es importante llamar la atención sobre la equidad de género en el proceso de democratización de las sociedades contemporáneas. Las sociedades constituidas a partir de la multiculturalidad han evidenciado la falta de claridad de sus políticas sobre igualdad y equidad de género, en las que los pueblos indígenas inciden históricamente como actores del debate sobre las políticas públicas y sobre el destino de las instituciones.
El presente artículo, presenta las condiciones socioeconómicas de los hombres y mujeres en la especificidad cultural de los pueblos indígenas y su permanente demanda de igualdad en el marco de la sociedad nacional. La estructura de las demandas y condiciones permite insertarse en la perspectiva analítica de los escenarios nacionales e internacionales.
Incorporar el análisis de las formas y características de hombres y mujeres en la participación de los pueblos indígenas, es revisar sus condiciones en torno al desarrollo socioeconómico en México, reflexionar sobre su participación en las esferas económica, política, social y cultural, y con ello, gestar una critica de la política de la diversidad, igualdad y equidad de genero.
Husk lige tandbørsten
Authors: Meng Merethe , Olesen Laura Nymark 
Published: April 2019

Baggrund:
Endokardit kan opstå som følge af dårlig mundpleje (1). Paradentose og lungeinfektioner kan forebygges ved god mundhygiejne (2-3). Patienter der er i en akut fase af deres sygdomsforløb, har behov for støtte – også til mundpleje.
Region Midts regionale retningslinje omkring mundpleje blev revideret i 2016 (4), efterfølgende blev den implementeret i organisationen. Det er usikkert hvorvidt retningslinjen følges.
Formål
Formålet var at undersøge hvorledes mundpleje til indlagte patienter blandt akutte Hjertemedicinske patienter håndteres, herunder 1) hvordan plejepersonalet undervises i mundpleje og 2) hvorvidt den kliniske retningslinje for mundpleje følges af plejepersonalet.
Metode
Undersøgelsen bestod af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og en række undervisningsseancer på et hjertemedicinsk afsnit på Hospitalsenhed Midt (Viborg).
Spørgeskemaet bestod af 10 spørgsmål(bilag 1). Spørgsmålene var dels ja/nej og fritekst. Spørgeskemaerne blev afleveret personligt til hvert personalemedlem (38 sygeplejersker og 2 SOSU-assistenter), hvorefter de havde 3 uger til at besvare spørgsmålene. Via regions e-mail blev de påmindet 2 gange.
Det generelle arbejde med mundhygiejne og personalets holdning hertil blev vurderet ifm. undervisningsseancer. Der blev afholdt 2 undervisningsseancer bestående af 20 minutters oplæg og 10 minutters diskussion. Den regionale retningslinje blev gennemgået og der blev lavet erfaringsudveksling. Vejledningen havde fokus på at få spurgt ind til den enkelte patient, at få tilbudt tandbørste/tandpasta, vejledt i korrekt mundhygiejne og få det videreformidlet til samarbejdspartnere.
Resultat
Der blev uddelt 40 spørgeskemaer. 25 kom retur (svarprocent 62,5%). Spørgeskemaundersøgelsen viste, at 84% af respondenterne ikke havde modtaget undervisning i mundpleje siden deres studie/elevtid. Retningslinjen følges af 28%, mens 72% oplyser, at de springer over mundplejen, som følge af travlhed.
Ifm. undervisningsseancerne blev det vurderet, at der er et stort behov for undervisning. Ligeledes ses der ved processen med at gennemføre undersøgelsen, at det øgede fokus på emnet har givet anledning til en positivt ændret holdning og ændret adfærd blandt plejepersonalet.
Konklusion
Undersøgelsen viste, at mundpleje udføres på baggrund af individuelt skøn fremfor at følge den nye retningslinje. Mundpleje nedprioriteres ofte, og mange har ikke modtaget undervisning i emnet siden studietiden. Det vurderes, at undervisningsseancer med øget fokus på emnet kan ændre holdning og dermed også ændre adfærd hos plejepersonalet.
VR som redskab i skole og børnehave
Authors: Agerbæk Ebbe 
Published: April 2019

Artiklen bidrager med perspektiver på brugen af Immersive Virtual Reality med børn i dagtilbud og skole. I to år har pædagogstuderende ved SKOLE haft adgang til VR udstyr. På baggrund af en kort introduktion, har studerende brugt VR med børn i deres praktikperioder. I artiklen viderebringes fire studerendes erfaringer med- og perspektiver på brugen af VR, på baggrund af interviews. Det gennemgående fokus er på hvordan VR kan motivere børn i en konkret pædagogisk kontekst.
Artiklen peger på at VR kan bruges til at understøtte børns motivation for læring, ved at gøre læringen mere kropslig eller virkelig. Emner der ellers bliver behandlet abstrakt, kan i VR simulationerne gøres mere konkrete. På baggrund af de studerendes erfaringer ses der tegn på at VR kan påvirke børns stressniveau og at denne effekt varer ved noget tid efter brugen. Artiklen peger desuden på at mediet kan bruges til at styrke relationer, samt at pædagogens rolle og konteksten for brug, er vigtig for motivation og læring.
Asymmetric collaboration in virtual reality
Authors: Albæk Thomsen Lui , Nilsson Niels Christian , Nordahl Rolf , Lohmann Boris 
Published: April 2019

It has been established that Virtual Reality (VR) possesses certain qualities for educational purposes. These include the ability to place the learner at the location or in the perspective that the desired knowledge exists (e.g., travelling to another planet or shrinking to miniature size to observe internal anatomy). VR is also considered to contribute with enriching the curricular content, promoting active forms of learning, performance assessment of high validity, and provide the opportunity to teach applied academic knowledge in life-like situations. In regards to teaching mathematics and geometry, three key affordances have been identified; interactive manipulation and construction of three-dimensional geometry, comprehension of spatial relationships, and rectification of abstract problems. Safety protocols and practical guidelines from classroom experimentation have also been formulated by various research projects.
In this manuscript, asymmetrical immersive VR in education will be reviewed, as it is relevant for the narrative of learning situations where multiple students use the technology together. As an example, in mathematics, asymmetric VR could be used in contexts where unknown variables must be found in collaboration. The purpose of the narrative literature review is to gain a greater understanding of how asymmetric game mechanics has influence on communication and collaboration between learners. To map the dynamics of this type of learning activity, a taxonomy will be presented. Since VR is still under development in terms of hardware and software, it is important that the current and future technical possibilities are described in a conceptual manner, as well as conclude on optimal coupling between communication dynamics and collaboration mechanics.
Didaktisk gåderum
Authors: Hautopp Heidi , Ejsing-Duun Stine , Vigild Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Gåderum, såkaldte escape rooms, vinder frem i underholdningsbranchen, men også i undervisningssammenhænge. Der findes dog ikke et empirisk forskningsgrundlag inden for anvendelse af gåderum i undervisning. Artiklen undersøger således, hvordan tilstedeværelse i fysiske gåderum kan skabe undersøgende tilgange i relation til fagligt indhold på videregående uddannelser. Det empiriske fundament er baseret på en eksperimenterende case, hvor højskoleelever fra Spiludviklingslinjen på Vallekilde Højskole har designet et gåderum målrettet faget videnskabsteori for bachelorstuderende på Kommunikation og digitale medier på Aalborg Universitet, København. Casen analyseres med udgangspunkt i didaktisk teori og spilteori med fokus på, hvordan man rammesætter undervisningen, så de lærende kan agere både spildesignere af og spillere i didaktiske gåderum.
Artiklen påviser nødvendigheden af, at underviseren skaber rammer, indenfor hvilke deltagernes uformelle spilkompetencer og faglig viden kommer i spil. Ligeledes er det vigtigt at skabe balance mellem spiloplevelsen, gåderummets indbyggede tvetydigheder og faglige mål i undervisningen.
Catalytic and Light‐Driven ZnO/Pt Janus Nano/Micromotors: Switching of Motion Mechanism via Interface Roughness and Defect Tailoring at the Nanoscale
Authors: Pourrahimi Amir Masoud , Villa Katherine , Manzanares Palenzuela Carmen Lorena , Ying Yulong , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first models of mesoporous ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors that show fuel‐free and light‐powered propulsion depending on the interface roughness are shown. Two models of ZnO semiconducting particles with distinct surface morphologies and pore structures are synthesized by self‐aggregation of primary nanoparticles and nanosheets into nanoscale rough and smooth microparticles, respectively. The self‐assembled nanosheet model (smooth) provides a large surface for the formation of a continuous Pt layer with strong adherence, whereas the discontinuous Pt species take place inside the inter‐nanoparticles pores in the self‐assembled nanoparticle model (rough). The effects of the interface, surface porosity, defect, and charge transfer on the light‐powered motion for both well‐designed mesoporous ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors are investigated and compared to find the underlying propulsion mechanisms. The degradation of two model pollutants is demonstrated as a proof‐of‐concept application of these carefully engineered Janus micromotors. In this work, it is shown that by discreet material fabrication together with semiconductor/metal interface charge transport interpretation, it would be possible to develop new light‐driven Janus micromotors based on other photocatalysts containing active surfaces such as TiO2.
Nanotechnology‐Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Related Comorbidities
Authors: Tsou Yung‐Hao , Wang Bin , Ho William , Hu Bin , Tang Pei , Sweet Sydney , Zhang Xue‐Qing , Xu Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObesity is a serious health issue affecting humanity on a global scale. Recognized by the American Medical Association as a chronic disease, the incidence of obesity continues to grow at an accelerating rate and obesity has become one of the major threats to human health. Excessive weight gain is tied to metabolic syndrome, which is shown to increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, taxing an already overburdened healthcare system and increasing mortality worldwide. Available treatments such as bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy are often accompanied by adverse side effects and poor patient compliance. Nanotechnology, an emerging technology with a wide range of biomedical applications, has provided an unprecedented opportunity to improve the treatment of many diseases, including obesity. This review provides an introduction to obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities. The most recent developments of nanotechnology‐based drug delivery strategies are highlighted and discussed. Additionally, challenges and consideration for the development of nanoformulations with translational potential are discussed. The overall objective of this review is to enhance the understanding of the design and development of nanomedicine for treatments of obesity and related comorbidities.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Quinolones using Water as a Benign Reaction Media: Application for the Construction of Oxolinic Acid and BQCA
Authors: Gore Babasaheb Sopan , Lee Chein Chung , Lee Jessica , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed three‐component synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 4‐quinolone derivatives from substituted 3‐(2‐halophenyl)‐3‐oxopropane, aldehydes and aq. NH3 using water as an environmentally benign reaction media. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the obtained products has been successfully applied for the synthesis of available oxolinic acid and BQCA drugs. The key features of this approach include commercially available starting materials, broad scope, and moderate to good reaction yields. Reaction with formaldehyde, and other functionalities such as −CN, −NO2, −SO2Ar, and −COAr were also successful. In addition, reaction with heterocyclic compounds such as 3‐(3‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile proceeded smoothly to afford tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile analogues. The practicality of the designed protocol was confirmed by gram scale synthesis of two derivatives.magnified image
Mixed Ion and Electron‐Conducting Scaffolds for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Guo Wenqing , Liu Shan , Guan Xuze , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Xinjiang , Luo Jiayan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLi metal batteries are considered a promising candidate for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the practical application of Li metal batteries has been hindered by many challenges, especially the cycling stability of Li anodes due to their uncontrollable dendrite growth, volume fluctuation, and side reactions. These problems are more severe under high‐rate charge/discharge process. Therefore, the realization of stable cycling of Li anodes under high current density is crucial for the practical application of Li metal batteries. In this Progress Report, the authors focus on the stability of metallic Li through interphase design or microstructure construction. The advantages and drawbacks of the first‐generation 3D scaffolds are summarized, and a review of recent research progress in this area is generated. As high‐rate cycling of metallic Li is a complex dynamic problem, a scaffold with high mixed ionic and electronic conductivity may be a promising approach. The different design strategies of mixed ion and electron‐conductive scaffolds working with liquid and solid electrolytes are discussed, along with their technical challenges. Further directions of mixed ion and electron‐conductive scaffolds are also proposed.
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Metal‐Free Organic Materials
Authors: Ma Huili , Lv Anqi , Fu Lishun , Wang Shan , An Zhongfu , Shi Huifang , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurely organic materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted a growing interest for their potential applications in biological imaging, digital encryption, optoelectronic devices, and so on. To date, many strategies have succeeded in designing efficient organic RTP materials by overcoming the spin‐forbidden transition between singlet and triplet states. However, the underlying mechanisms of RTP still remain ambiguous. Such spin prohibition in phosphorescence are clarified, herein, from the perspective of perturbation theory, helping to understand the intrinsic relationship among various phosphorescence parameters, like phosphorescence efficiency, lifetime, intersystem crossing rate, as well as radiative and nonradiative rates. Taking into consideration the recent progress in organic RTP materials, these factors are further illustrated by a selection of the most relevant molecules. In addition, some novel RTP phenomena are also reviewed, thus providing an excellent guideline to constructing efficient RTP materials.
Motion Control of Polymeric Nanomotors Based on Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei , Heuvelmans Josje M. , Liu Shuwen , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Wilson Daniela A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractControlling the motion of artificial self‐propelled micro‐ and nanomotors independent of the fuel concentration is still a great challenge. Here we describe the first report of speed manipulation of supramolecular nanomotors via blue light‐responsive valves, which can regulate the access of hydrogen peroxide fuel into the motors. Light‐sensitive polymeric nanomotors are built up via the self‐assembly of functional block copolymers, followed by bowl‐shaped stomatocyte formation and incorporation of platinum nanoparticles. Subsequent addition of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) leads to the formation of inclusion complexes with the trans‐isomers of the azobenzene derivatives grafted from the surfaces of the stomatocytes. β‐CDs attachment decreases the diffusion rate of hydrogen peroxide into the cavities of the motors because of partly blocking of the openings of the stomatocyte. This results in a lowering of the speed of the nanomotors. Upon blue light irradiation, the trans‐azobenzene moieties isomerize to the cis‐form, which lead to the detachment of the β‐CDs due to their inability to form complexes with the cis‐isomer. As a result, the speed of the nanomotors increases accordingly. Such a conformational change provides us with the unique possibility to control the speed of the supramolecular nanomotor via light‐responsive host–guest complexation. We envision that such artificial responsive nano‐systems with controlled motion could have potential applications in drug delivery.
Stable and Highly Efficient Photocatalysis with Lead‐Free Double‐Perovskite of Cs2AgBiBr6
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Liang Yongqi , Huang Hanlin , Liu Xingyi , Li Qi , Chen Langxing , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComposition engineering of halide perovskite allows the tunability of the band gap over a wide range so that photons can be effectively harvested, an aspect that is of critical importance for increasing the efficiency of photocatalysis under sunlight. However, the poor stability and the low photocatalytic activity of halide perovskites prevent use of these defect‐tolerant materials in wide applications involving photocatalysis. Here, an alcohol‐based photocatalytic system for dye degradation demonstrated high stability through the use of double perovskite of Cs2AgBiBr6. The reaction rate on Cs2AgBiBr6 is comparable to that on CdS, a model inorganic semiconductor photocatalyst. The fact of fast reaction between free radicals and dye molecules indicates the unique catalytic properties of the Cs2AgBiBr6 surface. Deposition of metal clusters onto Cs2AgBiBr6 effectively enhances the photocatalytic activity. Although the stability (five consecutive photocatalytic cycles without obvious decrease of efficiency) requires further improvements, the results indicate the significant potential of Cs2AgBiBr6‐based photocatalysis.