bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doped Charge‐Transporting Layers in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Kui , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are brought to the forefront of research focus in photovoltaics field with a rapid efficiency rising over 22% in the past few years. Interface engineering with suitable hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and/or electron‐transporting layer (ETL) plays very important roles in controlling the charge carrier behavior in planar PSCs. Particularly, the utilization of doped charge‐transporting layers is regarded as an efficient route to further improve the device performance of the planar PSCs. In this review, first the fundamental roles of doped charge‐transporting layers are briefly introduced. Then, the review mainly summarizes the recent progress in the development of doped HTLs and ETLs. Finally, a prospective of promising applications of doped charge‐transporting layers in planar PSCs is proposed.
In Situ Fabricated Perovskite Nanocrystals: A Revolution in Optical Materials
Authors: Chang Shuai , Bai Zelong , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAfter over 30 years of development, colloidal quantum dots have now become mature luminescent materials in photonic and optoelectronic operations and start to hit the market. The emerging perovskite nanocrystals are expected to promote large‐scale commercialization due to their superior optical properties as well as low cost and easy fabrication. This progress report is focused on the developments of in situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystals with attractive features of excellent superior photoluminescence and electroluminescence performance, as well as the solution processability, easy integration, and scale‐up fabrication. These advantages make them suitable candidates as down‐shifting materials for photonics or emissive component for optoelectronics. Recently, the first television demons using composite films based on in situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystals were demonstrated at CES 2018 exhibition, and the performance of electroluminescence devices based on in situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystals is leading the study. It is believed that the in situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystrals will bring a revolution in the field of optical materials after further developments.
Application of miniprobe sonography in the local staging of earlier stage upper gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasm: A four‐year experience in a single center
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Hung , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Wu Meng‐Chieh , Su Yu‐Chung , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Shih Hsiang‐Yao , Lu Chien‐Yu , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Yu Fang‐Jung 
Published: June 2018

Miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound (miniprobe EUS) has been used as the staging tool in upper gastrointestinal neoplasms, including esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Staging results have a strong impact on the decision as to whether a patient should undergo endoscopic treatment, surgery alone, or neoadjuvant therapy. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the accuracy of miniprobe EUS in staging of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer.From January 2007 to August 2011, 71 patients who underwent EUS with 12‐MHz miniprobe for staging of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer before endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical esophagectomy, or gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy, were included.Seventy‐one consecutive patients, 35 with esophageal cancer and 36 with gastric cancer, were included in this study. In the 35 esophageal cancer cases, 22 patients underwent surgical esophagectomy plus lymphadenectomy and 13 patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. Postoperatively, 20 patients were staged as having T1 cancers (57.1%), eight patients T2 (22.9%), six patients T3 (17.1%), and one patient T4 (2.9%). The accuracy of miniprobe EUS to the T stage was 91.4% for T1, 71.4% for T2, 80% for T3, and 82.9% for T4, respectively. Positive lymph nodes were diagnosed histologically in four patients among 22 extensive esophagectomy patients (18.2 %). The accuracy of miniprobe EUS for the diagnosis of lymph node was 50% for esophageal cancer. Among the 36 gastric cancer patients, 32 underwent surgical gastrectomy plus D2 lymphadenectomy and four underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. Postoperatively, 24 patients were staged as having T1 cancers (66.7%), nine patients T2 (25.0%), two patients T3 (5.6%), and one patient T4 (2.7 %). The accuracy of miniprobe EUS relative to the T stage was 66.7% for T1, 55.6% for T2, 91.7% for T3, and 97.2% for T4, respectively. Positive lymph nodes were diagnosed histologically in eight patients among 32 gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy. The accuracy of miniprobe EUS for the diagnosis of lymph node was 61% for gastric cancer.The diagnostic accuracy of miniprobe EUS in patients with esophageal cancer was reliable in T1 cancer. However, the lymph node was frequently overstaged. In gastric cancer, the overall accuracy of T‐staging was lower than esophageal cancer and frequently overstaged. Besides, gastric metastatic lymph node was easily missed by miniprobe EUS.
Erweiterung des synthetischen Potenzials von Sesquiterpencyclasen zur Erzeugung von nichtnatürlichen Terpenoiden
Authors: Oberhauser Clara , Harms Vanessa , Seidel Katja , Schröder Benjamin , Ekramzadeh Kimia , Beutel Sascha , Winkler Sven , Lauterbach Lukas , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDie Substratflexibilität von acht rekombinant erzeugten Sesquiterpencyclasen wurde unter Anwendung von sechs neuen Heteroatom‐modifizierten Farnesylpyrophosphaten untersucht. Als Ergebnis werden sechs neue makro‐ oder tricyclische, Heteroatom‐modifizierte Sesquiterpene beschrieben. Die GC‐O‐Analyse zeigte, dass das tricyclische Tetrahydrofuran etherische, pfeffrige und campherartige Geruchsnoten aufweist.
Synergistic Catalysis for the Umpolung Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tertiary Ethers
Authors: Xu Wentao , Ma Junyang , Yuan Xiang‐Ai , Dai Jie , Xie Jin , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first transition‐metal‐free, site‐specific umpolung trifluoromethylthiolation of tertiary alkyl ethers has been developed, achieving the challenging tertiary C(sp3)–SCF3 coupling under redox‐neutral conditions. The synergism of organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN and BINOL‐based phosphorothiols can site‐selectively cleave tertiary sp3 C(sp3)–O ether bonds in complex molecules initiated by a polarity‐matching hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT) event. The incorporation of several competing benzylic and methine C(sp3)−H bonds in alkyl ethers has little influence on the regioselectivity. Selective difluoromethylthiolation of C−O bonds has also been achieved. This represents not only an important step forward in trifluoromethylthiolation but also a promising means for site‐selective C−O bond functionalization of unsymmetrical tertiary alkyl ethers.
A Two‐Dimensional Hole‐Transporting Material for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 20 % Average Efficiency
Authors: Ge Qian‐Qing , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Ding Jie , Deng Li‐Ye , Zhou Wen‐Ke , Chen Yao‐Xuan , Ma Jing‐Yuan , Wan Li‐Jun , Yao Jiannian , Hu Jin‐Song , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA readily available small molecular hole‐transporting material (HTM), OMe‐TATPyr, was synthesized and tested in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). OMe‐TATPyr is a two‐dimensional π‐conjugated molecule with a pyrene core and four phenyl‐thiophene bridged triarylamine groups. It can be readily synthesized in gram scale with a low lab cost of around US$ 50 g−1. The incorporation of the phenyl‐thiophene units in OMe‐TATPyr are beneficial for not only carrier transportation through improved charge delocalization and intermolecular stacking, but also potential trap passivation via Pb–S interaction as supported by depth‐profiling XPS, photoluminescence, and electrochemical impedance analysis. As a result, an impressive best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 20.6 % and an average PCE of 20.0 % with good stability has been achieved for mixed‐cation PSCs with OMe‐TATPyr with an area of 0.09 cm2. A device with an area of 1.08 cm2 based on OMe‐TATPyr demonstrates a PCE of 17.3 %.
RGB‐Color Intensiometric Indicators to Visualize Spatiotemporal Dynamics of ATP in Single Cells
Authors: Arai Satoshi , Kriszt Rókus , Harada Kazuki , Looi Liang‐Sheng , Matsuda Shogo , Wongso Devina , Suo Satoshi , Ishiura Shoichi , Tseng Yu‐Hua , Raghunath Michael , Ito Toshiro , Tsuboi Takashi , Kitaguchi Tetsuya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for the regulation of multiple cellular processes in living organisms. Capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP in single cells is fundamental to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cellular energy metabolism. However, it has remained challenging to visualize the dynamics of ATP in and between distinct intracellular organelles and its interplay with other signaling molecules. Using single fluorescent proteins, multicolor ATP indicators were developed, enabling the simultaneous visualization of subcellular ATP dynamics in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells derived from mammals, plants, and worms. Furthermore, in combination with additional fluorescent indicators, the dynamic interplay of ATP, cAMP, and Ca2+ could be visualized in activated brown adipocyte. This set of indicator tools will facilitate future research into energy metabolism.
Single‐Step Construction of the anti‐Deoxypropionate Motif from Propylene: Formal Total Synthesis of the Cuticular Hydrocarbons Isolated from Antitrogus parvulus
Authors: Murayama Toshiki , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReported herein is the single‐step construction of an anti‐configured deoxypropionate motif by syndiospecific propylene oligomerization catalyzed by a Cs‐symmetric zirconocene complex. After oligomerization, oxidation of the oligomers by oxygen afforded oligopropylene alcohols in a single step. This strategy was applied to the single‐step preparation of rel‐(2R,4S,6R,8S)‐2,4,6,8‐tetramethylundecan‐1‐ol, the racemic mixture of the synthetic fragment of the cuticular hydrocarbons isolated from the cane beetle Antitrogus parvulus.
Positioning Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Bulatovic Anamari 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPositioning patients for orthopedic procedures can be a daunting experience for nurses because of the wide variety of orthopedic procedures and available positioners. Understanding what to use for a particular procedure can help perioperative nurses feel more confident and allow them to provide the safest patient care possible. This knowledge also helps avoid workflow delays because of missing or incorrect equipment. Educators or senior staff nurses can provide access to information and education that will help ensure that nurses provide efficient, safe care for patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. Training should begin in the employee orientation phase and be provided when new additions or modifications to positioning policies occur. The educator should validate staff member competency on a regular basis to help ensure the correct equipment is used and to disseminate knowledge regarding any changes or upgrades to positioners.
Design of integral spreadsheet calculator for engineering applications
Authors: Dinçkal Çiğdem 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough Newton‐Cotes integration formulas in engineering have been the subject of the study for a long time, the improvement in formulations is still object of interest. In this sense, design of calculators based on these formulations becomes significant. The purpose of this paper is to design an integral calculator for any engineering problems. Since the integral calculator, easy‐to‐understand and use, is aimed to be employed by any kind of users. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is the programming language of Excel. Excel spreadsheet with VBA is preferred for this purpose. In this study, a user interface input form is introduced. This form is composed of the embedded algorithm. This algorithm includes not only rules and formulations of each Newton‐Cotes such as Composite Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Boole's rules, and Gauss Legendre formulations with 2, 6, 10, 16, and 24 points and exact result of any integral (if it exists) with computed true percent relative error for comparison purposes. This calculator is tested for civil, mechanical, and chemical engineering applications. The results and screenshots for each application obtained from calculator are presented. The present study allows design of an integral spreadsheet calculator for any integral given. If exact result of the integral cannot be obtainable, the calculator can perform only integral calculations numerically without exact solution and computed true percent relative error. Otherwise, user can solve the integrals completely with this tool easily and accurately again but this time by both numerically and analytically with true percent relative error calculations.
A computer‐assisted instructional method based on machine learning in software testing class
Authors: Zheng Wei , Bai Yutong , Che Haoxuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the development of computer technology, the old and outdated teaching cases cannot meet requirements on teaching currently. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we need to rebuild the teaching content and teaching cases. Moreover, in the traditional classroom teaching, each student gets the same practice content, which is not pertinent. In order to solve these two problems, we propose a new method called Software Testing Computer Assistant Education (STCAE), which is based on machine learning, information retrieval, and natural language processing technology. STCAE has three steps: First, STCAE uses NLP to extract the text features from the classified bug reports in the database and to classify all the samples. Second, STCAE scores these bug reports according to the corresponding weight model. Third, STCAE updates the ratings based on the feedbacks of teachers and students on the case. In constructing STCAE, we consider the interactive, creative, pertinent, and error‐correcting capabilities thoroughly in teaching needs, overcoming the four shortcomings of traditional CAI. In addition, we build Software Testing Computer Assistant Education System (STCAES) under STCAE and introduce STCAES into daily teaching. All the achievements in the new course shows that STCAE has achieved great success in practical classroom teaching.
Problem based learning associated to the development of games for programming teaching
Authors: Martins Valéria F. , de Almeida Souza Concilio Ilana , de Paiva Guimarães Marcelo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe programming teaching faces serious challenges all over the world. Many students end up abandoning the Computer Science courses in their freshman years because they are not able to understand the concepts taught in introductory courses. On the other hand, the development of games is an opportunity for the students to perform an actual activity of the career and hence it may serve as an incentive to their motivation, commitment, and proactivity. This article describes a teaching approach based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) methodology, which is associated to the development of educational games to drive the programming teaching in an introductory and practical course of programming teaching. The article presents details on the approach and how it was conducted in a case study with 30 students. The article also comprehends the approach's assessment, as well as the results got through the evaluation survey with students and teachers.
Modeling, simulation, and implementation issues of CPGs for neuromorphic engineering applications
Authors: Korkmaz Nimet , Öztürk İsmail , Kiliç Recai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuromorphic engineering is a discipline used to develop hardware, which can mimic the characteristics and abilities of biological systems by investigating their physiological structures and data transfer mechanisms. The recent studies about the neuromorphic systems mostly consist of robotic applications whose designs are inspired by Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). CPGs are special neural networks which can produce coordinated rhythmic activity patterns and these rhythmic movements are modeled mathematically, tested with simulation programs and verified by hardware implementations. A reconfigurable hardware platform (Field Programmable Gate Array “FPGA”) is compatible with numerical simulation tools, allows software control over hardware, has a user‐friendly interface and allows real time modifications. Thus, recently, it is preferred in CPG based robotic applications. In this study, the details of the modeling, simulation and implementation stages of several CPG structures are introduced by using a digital reconfigurable hardware platform. In order to show the conceptual learning achievements of these stages and to assess the contribution to the modeling, simulation and implementation skills of the students, a training course has been planned for the undergraduate students at Erciyes University. This process has been held in an educative manner supported by a survey and an experimental examination, so that this training course has been evaluated by the trainees in terms of the advantage, practicality, and challenge.
Vessel stability experiences with a remote laboratory for training based on IMO STCW training code
Authors: Velasco Francisco J. , Vega Luis M. , Revestido Herrero Elías , Lastra Francisco J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe standards of the International Maritime Organization recommend the introduction of distance learning and web‐based learning in training and certification for seafarers. Following these suggestions, the present work describes a Remote Laboratory that use in scale models of ships, which satisfy these requirements. The instrumented in scale ship acquires data of its movements, which are interpreted in stability terms. By using this Remote Laboratory, students are instructed online in the study of ships stability. The developed experiences have been positively valued by the students as an improvement in their learning process.
A digital technology‐based introductory biology course designed for engineering and other non‐life sciences STEM majors
Authors: Kohn Cory , Wiser Michael J. , Pennock Robert T. , Smith James J. , Mead Louise S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSTEM education reform stresses the importance of a comprehensive understanding of science fundamentals and the development of science and engineering practices. As such, many engineering students must complete a core set of courses, including biology; however, this course is often designed for life sciences majors. One solution to this mismatch is to create an introductory biology course targeted to non‐biology STEM majors that introduces students to biology through a computational lens. Avida‐ED is a digital evolution software platform in which populations of digital organisms undergo actual—not simulated—evolutionary change, making evolution come alive through its observation in action. Integrating Avida‐ED provides a unique and novel approach to engaging engineering students in biological concepts within a computational environment, allowing them to exercise science and engineering practices in an authentic research experience. The design of this one‐semester course, “Integrative Biology: From DNA to Populations,” including its incorporation of a digital evolution lab, creates a way for computational science and engineering students to engage with biology within a context that is familiar and interesting.
SAIL—Software system for learning AI algorithms
Authors: Draskovic Drazen , Cvetanovic Milos , Nikolic Bosko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) comprises a large spectrum of groups of algorithms: heuristic algorithms for search and planning, formal methods for representation of knowledge and reasoning, algorithms for machine learning and many more. Since these algorithms are complex, there is a need for a system which would enable their application both in everyday work and education processes. This paper describes a software system for learning AI algorithms called SAIL (Software System for AI Learning), which can be used both on computers and mobile devices. The paper gives examples of lab exercises and self‐study tasks that through graphic representation and detailed procedures help students master this area. Students can enter their examples into the system and obtain correct solutions for those examples. At any point when an example is simulated, a student can proceed to the next step or go back to the previous one, save the current simulation as a file, or print the detailed procedure as a task solution. SAIL helps lecturers go through the syllabus more efficiently and improve class material, while at the same time it helps students get a better grasp of implemented algorithms. SAIL can also benefit software engineers, who can select and simulate an adequate algorithm to solve a specific problem. The results of the SAIL system are verified within the AI introductory course at the School of Electrical Engineering University of Belgrade and they are presented in this paper.
Gamifying research in software engineering
Authors: Nowostawski Mariusz , McCallum Simon , Mishra Deepti 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is a non‐trivial task for research‐centric courses in the software engineering curriculum to compete and engage students on the same level as the practical, software development courses. Practical software development courses and projects are inherently motivating to students, as they provide necessary elements such as agency, relatedness, and the strong sense of competence upon completing software engineering tasks. In contrast, reading research articles and technical white papers feels dry and non‐engaging. Nevertheless, a well‐balanced MSc programme curriculum covers both, learning through construction and practical courses as well as research courses. The main motivation for the development of game‐centric approaches to the research aspects of curriculum is to improve students’ interest and engagement with those courses. In this paper, we present the methodology and initial evaluations from three gamification strategies used in the Master's degree programme. These are: the game of reading and discussing research articles (GoRaD), the game of arguing and counter‐arguing, and combining research and practice. The paper presents our experimentation and initial evaluations of the use of those strategies, as well as plans for future development and enhancements.
An educational tool to improve understanding of structural dynamics through idealization of physical structure to analytical model
Authors: Sonparote Ranjan S. , Mahajan Suryakant K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn innovative computer‐aided educational tool for structural dynamics entitled “SDET” is developed to help students understand the idealization of the physical structure into a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system with five predefined example templates. The SDOF system then can be analyzed for a different combination of initial conditions and loadings using SDET. This tool can enhance the teaching/learning process leading to increase in engineering judgment and physical understanding of mathematical concepts involved in the subject.