bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEAH box RNA helicase DHX38 associates with satellite I noncoding RNA involved in chromosome segregation
Authors: Nishimura Kanako , Cho Yukiko , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Tani Tokio , Ideue Takashi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNoncoding (nc) RNA called satellite I is transcribed from the human centromere region. Depletion of this ncRNA results in abnormal nuclear morphology because of defects in chromosome segregation. Some protein factors interact with this ncRNA and function as a component of a nc ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in mitotic regulation. Here, we found that DHX38, a pre‐mRNA splicing‐related DEAH box RNA helicase, interacts with satellite I ncRNA. Depletion of DHX38 resulted in defective chromosome segregation similar to knockdown of satellite I ncRNA. Interaction between DHX38 and ncRNA was interphase‐specific, but DHX38 depletion affected the function of Aurora B, which associated with satellite I ncRNA at mitotic phase. Based on these findings, we suggest that DHX38 has a role in mitotic regulation as a component of the satellite I ncRNP complex at interphase.
Carotid Cavernous Fistula Mimicking Hemicrania Continua: A Case Report
Authors: Arnold Fiebelkorn Catherine , Lanzino Giuseppe , Chen John J. , Brinjikji Waleed , Eckel Laurence J. , Boes Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundHemicrania continua is a primary headache disorder characterized by a continuous, unilateral headache associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features that responds to indomethacin. By definition, the symptoms are not referable to an underlying structural pathology. However, several cases of secondary hemicrania continua related to underlying structural lesions have been reported.CaseWe present a case of a 53‐year‐old male with a prolonged, right‐sided headache associated with intermittent right‐sided ptosis, conjunctival injection, tearing, and nasal congestion, suggestive of hemicrania continua, who was found to have an indirect carotid‐cavernous fistula, and who, after endovascular treatment of the fistula, had resolution of his symptoms.ConclusionAlternative, and perhaps less common, causes of headache should be considered when the clinical presentation is atypical or does not clearly fulfill diagnostic criteria for primary headache disorders. Carotid cavernous fistulas should be included within this differential, and represent a potentially treatable and reversible cause of otherwise refractory headache.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Carrasquillo Osward Y. , Santiago‐Vazquez Marely , Cardona Rocio , Cruz‐Manzano Mariana , Figueroa Luz D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and potentially life‐threatening mucocutaneous reactions. Given their rarity, limited cohort studies have been done. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the demographics, etiology, management, clinical and laboratory characteristics, complications, and outcome of SJS/TEN patients seen by the inpatient dermatology service at the University of Puerto Rico.MethodsA retrospective review of 30 cases with identified diagnosis of SJS, overlap SJS/TEN, or TEN who were consulted to the Dermatology Department of the University of Puerto Rico from 2006 to 2017.ResultsA total of 24 adult and six pediatric cases were reviewed. Females were predominant with a female to male ratio of 1.3 : 1. The most frequent offending drugs identified were antibiotics (56.7%), anticonvulsants (23.3%), and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (16.7%) with the most frequent antibiotic identified being trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23.3%). Seventy percent of patients experienced at least one complication, most often of infectious etiology (80.1%). During hospital course, 73% received pharmacologic therapy (23% received IVIG alone, 17% received steroids alone, and 33% both) versus 27% which received only supportive care. Mortality rate in this study was 13.8%. When comparing SCORTEN at day one of admission, deceased cases had a mean SCORTEN at day 1 of 4.0, while survivors had an average of 1.54 (P < 0.001).ConclusionAntibiotics followed by anticonvulsants were the most frequently offending drugs identified within this study.
Permutation entropies of short‐term interest rates as an early‐warning signal
Authors: Lee Daeyup , Park Hail 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for detecting abnormal movements of short‐term interest rates by using permutation entropy (PE) as a complementary early‐warning signal. Empirical results have shown that the PEs of the US T‐Bill rates plunged below the thresholds of normal movements before the ﬁnancial crisis of 2007–2009, and the PE of 3‐month Euribor similarly dropped before the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010. Additionally, it was found that the PEs of spreads of both domestic interest rates and Libors dropped against the US T‐Bill rates below the thresholds in 2005. This evidence could serve as useful information for policymakers in crisis periods.
Productivity begets less phylogenetic diversity but higher uniqueness than expected
Authors: Thuiller Wilfried , Gravel Dominique , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Lavergne Sébastien , Münkemüller Tamara , Pollock Laura J. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Mazel Florent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe positive effect of primary productivity on animal species richness is one of the most conspicuous ecological features on Earth. However, less is known about the relationship between ecosystems primary productivity and the evolutionary history of biota. Here, we analyse how global primary productivity relates to the phylogenetic structure of vertebrate assemblages, and to the distribution of the most distinct lineages and recently diversified clades.LocationGlobal.TaxonAmphibians, birds and mammals.MethodsWe calculated relative phylogenetic diversity (i.e. phylogenetic diversity corrected for species richness), standardized effect size of the richness of top 25% evolutionary distinct species and of top 25% species‐level lineage diversification rates. We related these three metrics to mean net primary productivity (NPP) at the global scale, and for each zoogeographic region. We also tested the influence of the spatial scaling of species pool on the overall analyses (global, hemispheric and zoogeographic regions‐based species pools).ResultsPhylogenetic diversity (corrected for species richness) of the three taxa decreases with NPP (in contrast with species richness) and varies considerably in space. High productivity sites harbour more closely related species than low productivity sites consistently across zoogeographic zones. However, the phylogenetically most distinct species are also found in high productivity sites, while the top most rapidly diversifying lineages are found in the least productive sites. Modifying the spatial extent of the species pool did not affect the results much.ConclusionsBenign conditions in high productivity sites (a) result in denser niche packing and thus allow for the coexistence of many closely‐related species and (b) protect the persistence of evolutionary distinct species. Low productivity sites may harbour fewer, more distinct and temporarily more variable niches that allow maintenance of unique lineages for longer periods of time.
Historical biogeography of herbivorous coral reef fishes: The formation of an Atlantic fauna
Authors: Siqueira Alexandre C. , Bellwood David R. , Cowman Peter F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the global biogeography of key herbivorous coral reef fish groups since their presumed origins, using data from both fossil and extant species.LocationGlobal Cenozoic reefs.TaxonAcanthuridae (surgeonfishes), Siganidae (rabbitfishes) and Scarini (parrotfishes).MethodsWe applied the fossilized birth–death model to build chronograms including a comprehensive sampling of extant species and all the fossil occurrences described for each group. With the resulting chronograms, we built biogeographical models considering the geological changes in reef habitat availability since the ancient Tethys Sea. Finally, we used biogeographical stochastic mappings to trace the routes of colonization of the Atlantic Ocean by lineages in our focal taxa.ResultsWe found that the Palaeocene–Eocene was a period of significant lineage origination for surgeonfishes and rabbitfishes in the central Tethys Sea with the appearance of ancient genera. Most of these genera were probably extinct by the Eocene–Oligocene boundary as they do not correspond with modern taxa. Parrotfishes, however, originated in the early Oligocene, an epoch that corresponds with the geographical transition of the marine biodiversity hotspot. In all groups, extant genera had similar origin times and all expanded in the Miocene, mainly in the Indo‐Pacific. In the Atlantic, only one parrotfish lineage with Tethyan ancestry appears to have survived. It subsequently gave rise to extant endemic genera (Sparisoma and Cryptotomus). The other extant lineages in the Atlantic all have Indo‐Pacific origins and colonized more recently using different dispersal pathways.Main conclusionsThe Indo‐Pacific herbivorous fish fauna is the result of ongoing lineage expansion that started in the central Tethys. The Atlantic is a composite fauna with just one endemic lineage and at least four colonization events from the Indo‐Pacific.
Sex difference in inappropriate therapy and survival among 1471 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients
Authors: Burger Achim Leo , Schmidinger Herwig , Ristl Robin , Pezawas Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo assess a potential relationship between sex and outcome in recipients of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD).Methods and ResultsAll 1471 ICD recipients between 2000 and 2015 were sex‐related analyzed with the following outcome parameters: overall survival (OS), the occurrence of inappropriate and appropriate antitachycardia pacing (ATP), and shock therapy. We followed 1206 (82%) male and 265 (18%) female ICD recipients during 4.1 ± 3.6 and 4.3 ± 3.8 years, respectively, (P = .369). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in OS between female and male patients (P = .132). After adjustment for relevant confounding factors in a multivariate model, sex remained a nonsignificant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [male] = 1.11; P = .493). Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that women received less appropriate ATP therapy (rate ratio [RR] = 0.37; P = .043), whereas rates of appropriate shock therapy (RR = 1.95; P = .369) did not differ between women and men. No significant differences were observed in the occurrence of inappropriate ATP (RR = 1.22; P = .715) and inappropriate shock therapy (RR = 0.64; P = .121).ConclusionFemale and male patients equally benefit from ICD therapy in terms of OS. Women are less likely to receive appropriate ATP therapy, whereas appropriate shock and inappropriate ATP and shock therapy are independent of sex.
Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 induces angiogenesis by modulating the matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase balance in endothelial cells
Authors: Gao Z.‐X. , Luo X. , Liu L.‐L. , Lin L.‐R. , Tong M.‐L. , Yang T.‐C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough angiogenesis is an obvious pathological manifestation in the pathogenesis of syphilis, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis induced by reactions to Treponema pallidum antigens.ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to determine the role of recombinant T. pallidum Tp47 in promoting angiogenesis in endothelial cells and the related mechanism.MethodsEvaluation of the pro‐angiogenic activity of recombinant T. pallidum Tp47 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed, and the balance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of Akt/mTOR/S6 pathways in this process were explored.ResultsUnder stimulation by Tp47, HUVECs exhibited obvious proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, the apparent promotion of angiogenesis by Tp47 was observed using a zebrafish embryo model. During angiogenesis, the levels of MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 were significantly elevated, whereas those of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 did not change. In addition, after transfection with siRNAMMP‐1 and siRNAMMP‐10, migration and tube formation were significantly inhibited. Akt/mTOR/S6 signalling was found to be involved in upregulating MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 expression, and the sequential blockade of steps in the pathways effectively prevented Tp47‐induced angiogenesis.ConclusionThe results reveal the underlying mechanism of angiogenesis promoted by Tp47, namely, upregulating MMP‐1 and MMP‐10 expression to disrupt the MMP/TIMP balance through the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of syphilis.
The risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Cross Wendy M. , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Sun Mei , Qin Chunxiang , Tang Siyuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of depression in the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the related demographic risk factors.BackgroundAntenatal depression as a disabling and treatable disease has a wide‐ranging impact on perinatal women and has received extensive attention from researchers.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at three public hospitals.MethodsDemographic questionnaire was developed from the literature review, and depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between depression and demographic predictors. STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was applied in this paper (see Appendix S1).ResultA total of 773 pregnant women participated in the study. 29.6% of participants scored more than 9 points on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In the final logistic model, living in rural area, marital satisfaction, assisted reproductive technology, lacking of prenatal health knowledge and life events were strongly significantly associated with antenatal depression. Moreover, living in an extended family, without Medicare insurance, unemployed, working as civil servants or healthcare workers, and lower household income also predicted antenatal depression. However, education level, smoking or drinking before pregnancy was found not to be associated with antenatal depression.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high. Satisfied with the current marital status, pregnancy without assisted reproductive technology, knowledge of perinatal care and no life events recently were considered as the protective factors for antenatal depression.Relevance to clinical practiceAntenatal psychological interventions should focus on how to improve the marital satisfaction and the relationship with their family members. More attentions should be paid to the women who have had some life events recently or received assisted reproductive technology for pregnancy.
Reduced plasma PCSK9 response in patients with bacteraemia is associated with mortality
Authors: Rannikko J. , Jacome Sanz D. , Ortutay Z. , Seiskari T. , Aittoniemi J. , Huttunen R. , Syrjänen J. , Pesu M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enzyme controls blood cholesterol levels by downregulating the expression of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Pathogenic lipids (e.g. lipopolysaccharide) are removed from the circulation by an LDLR/PCSK9‐dependent mechanism; thus, it has been suggested that PCSK9 inhibitors may be beneficial in the treatment of infections. We measured plasma PCSK9 levels in patients with culture‐positive bacteraemia and explored pathogen‐dependent and infection site‐dependent effects as well as correlations between patient characteristics and outcome.MethodsProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in the plasma was measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay from 481 patients with blood culture‐positive infection on days 0 to 4 after admission to the emergency department. Patient outcome and clinical and laboratory data were gathered retrospectively from patient records.ResultsThe plasma PCSK9 level was elevated equally in patients with Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacterial infections; particularly high levels were seen in patients with a lower respiratory tract infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia. PCSK9 levels showed a significant positive correlation with C‐reactive protein (CRP) level. Bacteraemia patients with liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse had significantly lower levels of plasma PCSK9. Reduced PCSK9 plasma responses in patients were significantly associated with mortality at days 7, 28 and 90.ConclusionProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 is upregulated in blood culture‐positive infections. Plasma PCSK9 resembles acute‐phase proteins; its expression is induced during an infection, reduced in liver disease and correlates positively with CRP level. We have shown that PCSK9 levels are lower in patients with a fatal prognosis.
The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review
Authors: Henst Rob H. P. , Pienaar Paula R. , Roden Laura C. , Rae Dale E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryStudies have shown bidirectional relationships between short‐ or long‐sleep duration and risk for obesity, non‐communicable diseases, all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. Increasing sleep duration may be an appropriate strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in short‐sleeping individuals. The aim is to review the effects of sleep extension interventions on cardiometabolic risk in adults. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant, English, peer‐reviewed scientific publications (until August 2018). Seven studies that aimed to increase sleep duration in adults by any sleep extension intervention and described at least one cardiometabolic risk factor were included. These studies had a combined sample size of 138 participants who were either healthy (n = 14), healthy short‐sleeping (n = 92), overweight short‐sleeping (n = 10), or pre‐ or hypertensive short‐sleeping (n = 22) individuals. The durations of the sleep extension interventions ranged from 3 days to 6 weeks, and all successfully increased total sleep time by between 21 and 177 min. Sleep extension was associated with improved direct and indirect measures of insulin sensitivity, decreased leptin and peptide tyrosine‐tyrosine, and reductions in overall appetite, desire for sweet and salty foods, intake of daily free sugar, and percentage of daily caloric intake from protein. This review provides preliminary evidence for a role for sleep extension to improve cardiometabolic outcomes and directive towards future studies in the field of cardiometabolic health and sleep.
Permeability barriers of Gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Zgurskaya Helen I. , Rybenkov Valentin V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost clinical antibiotics do not have efficacy against Gram‐negative pathogens, mainly because these cells are protected by the permeability barrier comprising the two membranes with active efflux. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative strains threatens the utility even of last resort therapeutic treatments. Significant efforts at different levels of resolution are currently focused on finding a solution to this nonpermeation problem and developing new approaches to the optimization of drug activities against multidrug‐resistant pathogens. The exceptional efficiency of the Gram‐negative permeability barrier is the result of a complex interplay between the two opposing fluxes of drugs across the two membranes. In this review, we describe the current state of understanding of the problem and the recent advances in theoretical and empirical approaches to characterization of drug permeation and active efflux in Gram‐negative bacteria.
Effects of a novel missense polymorphism within the SIGLEC5 gene on fertility traits in Holstein‐Friesian cattle
Authors: Puckowska Paulina , Borowska Alicja , Szwaczkowski Tomasz , Oleński Kamil , Kamiński Stanislaw 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to find functional polymorphism within two exons of the SIGLEC5 (sialic acid‐binding Ig‐like lectin‐5) gene and to examine its effects on the production and fertility traits of cows and bulls. Two hundred seventytwo Holstein‐Friesian cows and 574 bulls were included in the study. Novel missense polymorphism (A > G) within exon 3 causing substitution of amino acid arginine by glutamate in position 260 of SIGLEC5 protein (R260Q) was identified by sequencing and digestion by restriction enzyme Msp I. Basic production and fertility traits of cows and estimated breeding values (EBV) of bulls were analysed. The study demonstrated a significant association of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism with days open and calving interval in cows as well as with breeding value for calving interval in bulls. An opposite effect of SIGLEC5 alleles for production and fertility traits was observed: the allele G increased the breeding value for the protein yield, while the allele A increased the breeding value for the calving interval. The current study suggests the involvement of SIGLEC5 R260Q polymorphism in biological processes related to fertility traits. This finding can be applied as a biomarker for a genetic improvement programme in Holstein‐Friesian cattle.
Oxygen uptake plateau occurrence depends on oxygen kinetics and oxygen deficit accumulation
Authors: Niemeyer Max , Leithaeuser Renate , Beneke Ralph 
Published: June 2019

We tested the hypothesis that participants with an oxygen uptake () plateau during incremental exercise exhibit a lower VO2‐deficit (VO2DEF)‐accumulation in the submaximal intensity domain due to faster ramp and square wave O2‐kinetics. Twenty‐six male participants performed a standard ramp test (increment: 30 W·min−1), a ramp test with an individualized ramp slope and a two‐step (moderate and severe) square wave exercise followed by a ‐verification bout. VO2DEF was calculated by the difference between individualized ramp test O2 and O2‐demand estimated from steady‐state O2‐kinetics. Twenty‐four participants verified their O2max in the verification test. Ten of them showed a plateau in the individualized ramp test. VO2DEF at the end of this ramp test (4.34 ± 0.60 vs 4.54 ± 0.43 L) was not different between the plateau and the non‐plateau group (P > 0.05). The plateau group had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower VO2DEF 2 minutes before termination of the individualized ramp test (2.24 ± 0.40 vs 2.78 ± 0.33 L). This coincided with a shorter mean response time (43 ± 9 vs 53 ± 7 seconds), a higher increase in O2 per W (10.1 ± 0.2 vs 9.2 ± 0.5 mL·min−1·W−1) at the individualized ramp test as well as shorter time constants of moderate (36 ± 6 vs 48 ± 7 seconds) and severe (62 ± 9 vs 86 ± 10 seconds) square wave kinetics (all P < 0.05). We conclude that the O2‐plateau occurrence requires a fast O2‐kinetics and a low VO2DEF‐accumulation at intensities below O2max.