bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-trivial area operators require non-local magic
Authors: Cao ChunJun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show that no stabilizer codes over any local dimension can support a non-trivial area operator for any bipartition of the physical degrees of freedom even if certain code subalgebras contain non-trivial centers. This conclusion also extends to more general quantum codes whose logical operators satisfy certain factorization properties, including any complementary code that encodes qubits and supports transversal logical gates that form a nice unitary basis. These results support the observation that some desirable conditions for fault tolerance are in tension with emergent gravity and suggest that non-local “magic” would play an important role in reproducing features of gravitational back-reaction and the quantum extremal surface formula. We comment on conditions needed to circumvent the no-go result and examine some simple instances of non-stabilizer codes that do have non-trivial area operators.
The dual Ginzburg-Landau theory for a holographic superconductor: finite coupling corrections
Authors: Natsuume Makoto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The holographic superconductor is the holographic dual of superconductors. We recently identified the dual Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for a class of bulk 5-dimensional holographic superconductors (arXiv:2207.07182 [hep-th]). However, the result is the strong coupling limit or the large-Nc limit. A natural question is how the dual GL theory changes at finite coupling. We identify the dual GL theory for a minimal holographic superconductor at finite coupling (Gauss-Bonnet holographic superconductor), where numerical coefficients are obtained exactly. The GL parameter κ increases at finite coupling, namely the system approaches a more Type-II superconductor like material. We also point out two potential problems in previous works: (1) the “naive” AdS/CFT dictionary, and (2) the condensate determined only from the GL potential terms. As a result, the condensate increases at finite coupling unlike common folklore.
Compactifications of Type II supergravities in superspace
Authors: Chandia Osvaldo , Vallilo Brenno Carlini 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a way to describe compactifications of Type II supergravities with fluxes directly from superspace. The on-shell supergravity constraints used are the ones that arise naturally from the pure spinor superstring. We show how previous results of flux compactifications can be obtained from our method.
Non-invertible flavor symmetries in magnetized extra dimensions
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We discuss non-invertible symmetries in toroidal compactifications of higher dimensional Yang-Mills theory with magnetic fluxes, which can be regarded as an effective action of type IIB string theory with magnetized D-branes. Specifically, we derive fusion rules of discrete isometry operators, which are invariant under the ℤN orbifold twist. It turns out that degenerate chiral zero-modes non-trivially transform under the non-invertible symmetries in the context of quantum mechanics. Hence, non-invertible symmetries correspond to flavor symmetries of chiral zero modes and determine their flavor structure. We explicitly show the representations and selection rules of chiral zero modes on their wave functions. These zero modes may correspond to generations of quarks and leptons in four-dimensional low-energy effective field theory.
Optimization of culturing conditions for leafcutter ant associated, antimicrobial producing Pseudonocardia by adding ants´ cuticular hydrocarbons
Authors: Fladerer-Grollitsch Johannes-Paul , Fitzek Juliana , Sefc Kristina M. , Bucar Franz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of cultivation parameters on the growth of leafcutter ant associated actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. These bacteria live in a very specialized symbiosis with the leafcutter ant Acromyrmex octospinosus and fungi of the genus Leucoagaricus. Pseudonocardia are known to produce antibiotics but are very hard to grow as a result of the complexity of their symbiosis. The bacteria were grown on yeast-malt-extract agar and the influence of pH, temperature conditions and the addition of chitin and a cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) solution specific to leafcutter ants on the growth of Pseudonocardia and other bacteria inhabiting the leafcutter ants´ surface was tested. The best growth rate of Pseudonocardia was achieved by cultivation at 28 °C in a medium with pH 7 supplemented with chitin and CHC solution. Additionally, these conditions inhibited the growth of other competitive bacteria. This is the first report on the optimization of growth media for leafcutter ant associated Pseudonocardia adjusted to the conditions found on the ants´ cuticle.
An eight-founder wheat MAGIC population allows fine-mapping of flowering time loci and provides novel insights into the genetic control of flowering time
Authors: Fourquet Laure , Barber Tobias , Campos-Mantello Camila , Howell Phil , Orman-Ligeza Beata , Percival-Alwyn Lawrence , Rose Gemma A. , Sheehan Hester , Wright Tally I. C. , Longin Friedrich , Würschum Tobias , Novoselovic Dario , Greenland Andy J. , Mackay Ian J. , Cockram James , Bentley Alison R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlowering time synchronizes reproductive development with favorable environmental conditions to optimize yield. Improved understanding of the genetic control of flowering will help optimize varietal adaptation to future agricultural systems under climate change. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of flowering time in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using an eight-founder multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population. Flowering time data was collected from field trials across six growing seasons in the United Kingdom, followed by genetic analysis using a combination of linear modelling, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping, using either single markers or founder haplotype probabilities. We detected 57 quantitative trait loci (QTL) across three growth stages linked to flowering time, of which 17 QTL were identified only when the major photoperiod response locus Ppd-D1 was included as a covariate. Of the 57 loci, ten were identified using all genetic mapping approaches and classified as ‘major’ QTL, including homoeologous loci on chromosomes 1B and 1D, and 4A and 4B. Additional Earliness per se flowering time QTL were identified, along with growth stage- and year-specific effects. Furthermore, six of the main-effect QTL were found to interact epistatically with Ppd-D1. Finally, we exploited residual heterozygosity in the MAGIC recombinant inbred lines to Mendelize the Earliness per se QTL QFt.niab-5A.03, which was confirmed to modulate flowering time by at least four days. This work provides detailed understanding of the genetic control of phenological variation within varieties relevant to the north-western European wheat genepool, aiding informed manipulation of flowering time in wheat breeding.
Deep learning for unambiguous pose estimation of a non-cooperative fixed-wing UAV
Authors: Herrera Leonardo , Kim Jae Jun , Agrawal Brij N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Image-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pose estimation is carried out by deep learning (DL) to automate the UAV aim-point selection for a laser beam control research testbed (LBCRT). DL models are proposed to estimate the UAV pose from available UAV target images and serve as a new sensor within the testbed. Such models are designed to address the problem of pose ambiguity, which arises from different 3D UAV poses looking similar in a 2D image plane. The models are trained under three datasets: synthetic data, synthetic data combined with real-world data, and real-world data. Afterward, the models are compared based on their ability to infer a real-world UAV trajectory in order to analyze the impact of using synthetic data during training. Quantitative results show that the proposed DL models solve the pose ambiguity problem when trained with appropriate data. In average, the models trained on real-world data had the lowest mean angle error, followed by those trained on combined data, and those trained solely on synthetic data. This shows that synthetic data should be carefully selected to bridge the gap when real-world data is unavailable or scarce. Customized real-world and synthetic data were created for the research. Real-world data are short wave infra-red (SWIR) images of a 3D printed UAV model with varying poses and associated pose labels. In addition, synthetic data are UAV images with varying poses and associated labels created by simulation. For this research, 77,077 real-world and 100,000 synthetic data were created.
Multiple unnatural attributes of AI undermine common anthropomorphically biased takeover speculations
Authors: Estep Preston W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccelerating advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have increased concerns about serious risks, including potentially catastrophic risks to humanity. Prevailing trends of AI R&D are leading to increasing humanization of AI, to the emergence of concerning behaviors, and toward possible recursive self-improvement. There has been increasing speculation that these factors increase the risk of an AI takeover of human affairs, and possibly even human extinction. The most extreme of such speculations result at least partly from anthropomorphism, but since AIs are being humanized, it is challenging to disentangle valid from invalid anthropomorphic concerns. This publication identifies eight fundamentally unnatural attributes of digital AI, each of which should differentiate AI behaviors from those of biological organisms, including humans. All have the potential to accelerate AI evolution, which might increase takeover concerns; but surprisingly, most also have the potential to defuse the hypothetical conflicts that dominate takeover speculations. Certain attributes should give future AI long-term foresight and realism that are essentially impossible for humans. I conclude that claims of highly probable hostile takeover and human extinction suffer from excessive anthropomorphism and a lack of skepticism and scientific rigor. Given the evidence presented here, I propose a more plausible but still speculative future scenario: extensively humanized AIs will become vastly more capable than humans of making decisions that benefit humans, and rational people will want AI to assume progressively greater influence over human affairs.
Uniqueness of Regular Tangent Cones for Immersed Stable Hypersurfaces
Authors: Edelen Nick , Minter Paul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe establish uniqueness and regularity results for tangent cones (at a point or at infinity), with isolated singularities arising from a given immersed stable minimal hypersurface with suitably small (non-immersed) singular set. In particular, our results allow the tangent cone to occur with any integer multiplicity.
Evaluation of Cardiac Function in Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation
Authors: Bansal Neha , Mahgerefteh Joseph , Lamour Jacqueline M. , Kogan-Liberman Debora , Ovchinsky Michelle , Ganzburg Kayla , Choueiter Nadine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a complication of cirrhosis resulting in cardiac dysfunction. It remains poorly characterized in children. The aim of this study was to assess relationship of pre-liver transplant (LT) conventional and novel parameters of biventricular function with post-LT clinical course. This is a retrospective study of pre-LT echocardiograms performed on patients < 18 years of age with cirrhosis at a single center, who received a LT. Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data were collected. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis was performed by a single observer using TomTec system. Descriptive data were expressed as mean (SD) and number (%). The relationship between clinical data and echocardiographic variables were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance was set at < 0.05. Thirty-five patients (median age 6.5; IQR 14.2 years) underwent LT between 2010 and 2020. Pre-LT diagnosis was biliary atresia in 14 (40%) patients and 7 (20%) patients were listed as status 1A/1B. Their median natural pediatric/model end-stage liver disease score was 13 (IQR 9). Their pre-LT echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular systolic (LV) function by ejection fraction and strain parameters. Right ventricular (RV) function was abnormal in 74% of patients as measured by RV GLS (23 ± 3%). There was correlation between echocardiographic parameters with pre-transplant clinical disease and post-operative LT course (length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation). Children undergoing liver transplant have RV dysfunction as evidenced by abnormal RV GLS on STE. There is echocardiographic parameter correlation between clinical liver disease and post-LT clinical course. This evidence highlights the importance of using novel technology like STE in assessment of children undergoing evaluation for liver transplant.
EANM perspective on clinical PET and SPECT imaging in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Rogeau Antoine , Boer Anne Jetske , Guedj Eric , Sala Arianna , Sommer Iris E. , Veronese Mattia , van der Weijden-Germann Monique ,   EANM Neuroimaging Committee, Van Weehaeghe Donatienne , Cecchin Diego , Verger Antoine , Albert Nathalie L. , Brendel Matthias , Yakushev Igor , Traub-Weidinger Tatjana , Barthel Henryk , Tolboom Nelleke , Fraioli Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There is a need for biomarkers in psychiatry to improve diagnosis, prognosis and management, and with confirmed value in follow-up care. Radionuclide imaging, given its molecular imaging characteristics, is well-positioned for translation to the clinic. This systematic review lays the groundwork for integrating PET and SPECT imaging in the clinical management of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Methods
Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases was conducted from the earliest date available until February 2024. The focus was on longitudinal studies evaluating PET or SPECT imaging in individuals with a schizophrenia-spectrum or another psychotic disorders. Quality assessment was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), NIH scale for before-after studies and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (Cochrane RoB2). Studies were further categorised into three groups: preclinical and diagnosis, predicting disease course or personalising treatment.

Results
Fifty-six studies were included in the systematic review investigating in total 1329 patients over a median of 3 months. Over two-thirds used PET tracers, whereas the remaining studies employed SPECT tracers. The most frequently investigated system was dopaminergic transmission, followed by cerebral metabolism and blood flow. [18F]FDOPA demonstrated large effect size in predicting conversion of subjects at risk and treatment response. Additionally, treatment dosage could be optimised to reduce side effects using [123I]IBZM or [11C]raclopride.

Conclusion
Molecular imaging holds significant promise for real-life application in schizophrenia, with two particularly encouraging avenues being the prediction of conversion/response to antipsychotic medication and the improved management of antipsychotic dosage. Further longitudinal studies and clinical trials will be essential for validating both the clinical effectiveness and economic sustainability, as well as for exploring new applications.
Omphalocele prevalence and co-occurring malformations: a nationwide register-based study of Danish live births in 1997–2021
Authors: Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Hedley Paula L. , Conway Kristin M. , Løfberg Katrine M. , Johansen Lars S. , Romitti Paul A. , Christiansen Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality, with co-occurring congenital malformations often being the most important prognostic factor. High rates of spontaneous and medical terminations have been reported among pregnancies with omphalocele and co-occurring malformations. Few studies have focused on co-occurring malformations, particularly non-gastrointestinal malformations among live births. This study examined birth prevalence of omphalocele and co-occurring major malformations among a 25-year Danish liveborn cohort.

Methods
This nationwide retrospective prevalence study used data from the Danish National Patient Register and Danish Civil Registration System for infants who were delivered in Denmark during 1997–2021 and included in the Danish neonatal screening biobank. Diagnoses of omphalocele and co-occurring malformations were ascertained and prevalence estimated using Poisson regression.

Results
Among 1,498,685 live births, 147 infants with omphalocele were identified, yielding a combined and stable prevalence (per 10,000 infants) of 0.98 (95% CI 0.83–1.15). Over one-half (53.7%) presented with one or more major malformations, and an additional 17.0% were diagnosed with a syndrome.

Conclusions
Omphalocele birth prevalence in Denmark was stable over a recent 25-year period. The proportion of infants with co-occurring major malformations or diagnosed syndrome has important implications for long-term healthcare demands.
The clinical and microbiological efficacy of a zinc-citrate/hydroxyapatite/potassium-citrate containing toothpaste: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Josic Uros , Maravic Tatjana , Mazzitelli Claudia , Rinaldi Lorenzo , D’Alessandro Carlo , D’Urso Diego , Pellegrino Gerardo , Mazzoni Annalisa , Breschi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two fluoride-containing (1450 ppm F) toothpastes with or without zinc-citrate (ZCT), hydroxyapatite (HAP) and potassium-citrate (KCit); to assess and compare their clinical effects in terms of tooth sensitivity, plaque accumulation and gingivitis, as well as patients’ satisfaction.

Materials and methods
Healthy, adult patients were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n = 50): Experimental: ZCT-, HAP-, KCit- and fluoride-containing toothpaste; Control: fluoride-containing toothpaste. Salivary counts of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), plaque and gingival index, as well as clinically diagnosed sensitivity were recorded at baseline, and after 4 weeks. A custom-made questionnaire was used to assess patients’ self-reported sensitivity (baseline and after 4 weeks) and overall satisfaction with the tested toothpastes. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).

Results
After 4 weeks, a statistically significant salivary reduction of S. mutans was observed in both groups (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of S. mutans decrease was significantly higher in Experimental group (p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of plaque and gingival index (p > 0.05). After 4 weeks, the self-reported tooth sensitivity was lower in Experimental group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Both toothpastes showed good antimicrobial effect after 4 weeks; however, the toothpaste containing ZCT, HAP, KCit and fluoride was found to be more effective in reducing the salivary counts of S. mutans than the product containing fluoride alone.

Clinical relevance
Toothpaste containing ZCT, HAP, KCit and fluoride can be recommended for patients at risk for developing caries and may also be beneficial for individuals experiencing dental sensitivity.
Regional dynamic hazard assessment of rainfall–induced landslide guided by geographic similarity
Authors: Liu Qinghao , Zhao Qiang , Lan Qing , Huang Cheng , Yang Xuexi , Tang Zhongan , Deng Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLandslides triggered by rainfall are complex phenomena influenced by a multitude of condition and trigger factors. A significant challenge in the field is the accurate and interpretable assessment of large-scale landslide hazards, particularly due to the lack of consideration for the synergistic effects of multiple triggers and spatial heterogeneity. This study introduces a novel regional hazard assessment method that leverages geographic similarity to address these challenges. Our approach consists of four key steps: (1) extraction of sample information from relevant data based on the historical distribution of landslides and their influencing factors, (2) application of a scale-space algorithm to manage spatial heterogeneity, with a partition scale determined by the q-value variation, (3) optimization of sample configuration and generation criteria under the guidance of geographic similarity for enhanced spatiotemporal modeling, and (4) utilization of machine learning models to refine inductive bias and capture nonlinear relationships, enabling a quantitative estimation of hazard probabilities for each slope unit within the prediction module. We applied our P-RF + method to Yunnan Province, China, incorporating 11 condition factors and 7 trigger factors across 624 historical rainfall-induced landslides and 1248 non-landslide cases. Comparative experiments reveal that the P-RF + model substantially outperforms existing methods in accuracy and interpretability. Furthermore, a case study during the rainy season illustrates the model's capability to provide timely warning instructions for rainfall-induced landslides. These findings underscore the potential of our proposed method to offer valuable insights for disaster prevention decision-making.
Graphical Abstract
Mediterranean co-living: succession of soil mycorrhizal communities associated with Halimium lasianthum shrubs
Authors: Martín-Pinto Pablo , Fernández Cristina , Oria-de-Rueda Juan Andrés , Martín Roberto San , Mediavilla Olaya , Dejene Tatek , Sanz-Benito Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Halimium lasianthum, a widespread shrub in the western Mediterranean, uniquely co-hosts ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Despite its ecological significance, H. lasianthum is understudied, and its mycorrhizal communities remain largely unknown. To understand the mycological ecology associated with H. lasianthum, we analyzed soil samples from intermediate and senescent understories in Ourense, northwest Iberian Peninsula. We assessed the richness, diversity, relative abundance and community composition of ECM and AM fungi. Environmental and soil variables were also examined to determine their influence on fungal distribution. Total fungal richness and abundance were higher in intermediate plots compared to senescent plots, with ECM fungi following the same trend. In comparison, AM fungal richness was higher in senescent plots (p < 0.05). ECM fungal community composition shifted with H. lasianthum age, whereas the Shannon diversity index and abundance of AM fungi remained stable. Soil pH was significantly correlated with the ECM community in intermediate plots, while the stability of the AM community was due to lower nutrient requirements and the production of resistant propagules. These findings could help to improve the management of H. lasianthum ecosystems to preserve the diversity of the mycorrhizal communities associated with this host species.