bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ökonomische Auswirkungen von präoperativer Wartezeit im
Krankenhaus
Authors: von Dercks Nikolaus , Glößner Peter , Tsertsvadze Georgi 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die Wartezeit auf eine Operation nach der Klinikaufnahme kann
je nach Abteilung, Krankheitsbild und Operation zu einem überproportionalen
Anstieg der Verweildauer (VWD) in der Klinik führen. Für einen effizienten
Ressourceneinsatz und für die Verbesserung der finanziellen Situation der
Kliniken ist es sinnvoll, diesen Zusammenhang zu analysieren.
Methodik Verwendet wurden die § 21-Daten für Operationen an den
Bewegungsorganen aus dem Universitätsklinikum Leipzig für die Jahre 2014–2015.
Nach Herausrechnung der Fallschweren als Haupttreiber der VWD wird der
Zusammenhang zwischen Wartezeit und Verweildauer und das damit verbundene
Kosten-Erlös-Verhältnis analysiert.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 7448 Fälle analysiert. Bei 74,1 % erfolgte die erste
Operation am Aufnahmetag oder dem ersten darauffolgenden Tag. Bei 20,9 %
erfolgte die erste Operation zwischen dem 2. und dem 7. Tag. Es zeigte sich für
alle Patienten des Untersuchungskollektivs eine durchschnittliche VWD von 10
Tagen, bei Patienten mit 10 und mehr präoperativen Wartetagen lag die
durchschnittliche VWD bei 34 Tagen. Bei Kostenbetrachtung auf Basis der
InEK-Matrix zeigt sich anhand der Schenkelhalsfrakturen ab 4 Tagen präoperativer
VWD eine Unterdeckung der Krankenhauskosten aus dem DRG-Erlös.
Schlussfolgerung Längere präoperative Wartezeiten können die Verweildauern
überproportional verlängern und Kostenprobleme verursachen. In Fällen, bei denen
Patienten eine bestimmte Anzahl von Tagen auf ihre Operation gewartet haben,
können die Kosten für den Fall letztendlich die DRG-Erlöse übersteigen. Die
Identifikation und Beseitigung der wartezeitinduzierten Verweildauern kann also
positive finanzielle Auswirkungen für Kliniken entfalten. Voraussetzung dafür
ist ein Vorgehen, welches die vom DRG-System vorgegebene Verweildauergrenzen und
die Fallschweren methodisch korrekt berücksichtigt.
Unlocking Land Markets and Infrastructure Provision
Authors: Bah El-hadj M. , Faye Issa , Geh Zekebweliwai F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities related to the provision of land and infrastructure for affordable housing. It drills down on three key challenges impeding the supply of affordable housing in Africa: poor land governance and weak management systems; the multiplicity of conflicting land tenure regimes; and the rapid growth of low-density, informal residential developments, leading to urban sprawl in peri-urban areas. The chapter also argues that the provision of basic infrastructure, especially transport infrastructure, not only shapes cities, but is also an important determinant of housing affordability, particularly for low-income families.
Detection of amyloid fibrils in Parkinson’s disease using plasmonic chirality
Authors: Kumar Jatish , Eraña Hasier , López-Martínez Elena , Claes Nathalie , Martín Víctor F. , Solís Diego M. , Bals Sara , Cortajarena Aitziber L. , Castilla Joaquín , Liz-Marzán Luis M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
This contribution reports on the application of gold nanorods to the detection of amyloids in Parkinson’s and prion diseases. We found that gold nanorods show no interaction with monomeric proteins but adsorb onto helical protein fibrils. Chiral amyloid templates induce helical arrangement of nanorods, giving rise to intense optical activity at the plasmon resonance wavelengths. This report shows the use of protein fibrils as templates for chiral nanoparticle assembly and development of a biodetection technique. We show this effect on a model recombinant protein, α-synuclein (involved in Parkinson’s disease), using CD, cryogenic transmission EM tomography, and theoretical simulations supporting the experimental findings. We additionally show application to identify patients with Parkinson’s disease from human brain homogenates.
A new method for the high-precision assessment of tumor changes in response to treatment
Authors: Tar P D , Thacker N A , Babur M , Watson Y , Cheung S , Little R A , Gieling R G , Williams K J , O’Connor J P B 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationImaging demonstrates that preclinical and human tumors are heterogeneous, i.e. a single tumor can exhibit multiple regions that behave differently during both development and also in response to treatment. The large variations observed in control group, tumors can obscure detection of significant therapeutic effects due to the ambiguity in attributing causes of change. This can hinder development of effective therapies due to limitations in experimental design rather than due to therapeutic failure. An improved method to model biological variation and heterogeneity in imaging signals is described. Specifically, linear Poisson modeling (LPM) evaluates changes in apparent diffusion co-efficient between baseline and 72 h after radiotherapy, in two xenograft models of colorectal cancer. The statistical significance of measured changes is compared to those attainable using a conventional t-test analysis on basic apparent diffusion co-efficient distribution parameters.ResultsWhen LPMs were applied to treated tumors, the LPMs detected highly significant changes. The analyses were significant for all tumors, equating to a gain in power of 4-fold (i.e. equivalent to having a sample size 16 times larger), compared with the conventional approach. In contrast, highly significant changes are only detected at a cohort level using t-tests, restricting their potential use within personalized medicine and increasing the number of animals required during testing. Furthermore, LPM enabled the relative volumes of responding and non-responding tissue to be estimated for each xenograft model. Leave-one-out analysis of the treated xenografts provided quality control and identified potential outliers, raising confidence in LPM data at clinically relevant sample sizes.Availability and implementationTINA Vision open source software is available from www.tina-vision.net.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer tissue microarrays via deep learning
Authors: Arvaniti Eirini , Fricker Kim S. , Moret Michael , Rupp Niels J. , Hermanns Thomas , Fankhauser Christian , Wey Norbert , Wild Peter J. , Rueschoff Jan H. , Claassen Manfred 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Gleason grading system remains the most powerful prognostic predictor for patients with prostate cancer since the 1960’s. Its application requires highly-trained pathologists, is tedious and yet suffers from limited inter-pathologist reproducibility, especially for the intermediate Gleason score 7. Automated annotation procedures constitute a viable solution to remedy these limitations.In this study, we present a deep learning approach for automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer tissue microarrays with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Our system was trained using detailed Gleason annotations on a discovery cohort of 641 patients and was then evaluated on an independent test cohort of 245 patients annotated by two pathologists. On the test cohort, the inter-annotator agreements between the model and each pathologist, quantified via Cohen’s quadratic kappa statistic, were 0.75 and 0.71 respectively, comparable with the inter-pathologist agreement (kappa=0.71). Furthermore, the model’s Gleason score assignments achieved pathology expert-level stratification of patients into prognostically distinct groups, on the basis of disease-specific survival data available for the test cohort.Overall, our study shows promising results regarding the applicability of deep learning-based solutions towards more objective and reproducible prostate cancer grading, especially for cases with heterogeneous Gleason patterns.
Testing the behavioral origins of novelty: did increased aggression lead to scale-eating in pupfishes?
Authors: St. John Michelle E. , McGirr Joseph A. , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow novelty evolves is still largely unknown. Environmental changes are often assumed to precede novelty; however, behavioral shifts may also play a role. Here, we examine whether a shift in aggression explains the origin of a novel scale-eating pupfish species (Cyprinodon desquamator) within an adaptive radiation on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We compared aggression using behavioral and gene expression data across three sympatric species in the San Salvador radiation (generalist, snail-eating specialist, and scale-eating specialist), and additionally measured behavioral aggression in an outgroup generalist from North Carolina. Surprisingly, we found increased behavioral aggression and differential expression of aggression-related genes in both the scale-eating and snail-eating species. Furthermore, male scale-eaters and female snail-eaters showed the highest levels of aggression compared to other groups. Differential gene expression in each specialist during larval development also suggested sex-mediated differences in male-male aggression and maternal care. Ultimately, our data indicate that aggression is not unique to scale-eating specialists. Instead, selection may increase aggression in other contexts such as niche specialization, mate competition, or selection on other ecologically relevant traits, including jaw size. Indeed, some adaptive variants associated with oral jaw size in the San Salvador radiation occur in genetic pathways with pleiotropic effects on aggression.
Expected reward value and reward uncertainty have temporally dissociable effects on memory formation
Authors: Stanek Jessica K. , Dickerson Kathryn C. , Chiew Kimberly S. , Clement Nathaniel J. , Adcock R. Alison 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnticipating rewards has been shown to enhance memory formation. While substantial evidence implicates dopamine in this behavioral effect, the precise mechanisms remain ambiguous. Because dopamine nuclei show two distinct physiological signatures of reward prediction, we hypothesized two dissociable effects on memory formation. These two signatures are a phasic dopamine response immediately following a reward cue that encodes its expected value, and a sustained, ramping dopamine response that is greater during high reward uncertainty (Fiorillo, Tobler, & Schultz, 2003). Here, we show in humans that the impact of reward anticipation on memory for an event depends on its timing relative to these physiological signatures. By manipulating reward probability (100%, 50%, or 0%) and the timing of the event to be encoded (just after the reward cue versus just before expected reward outcome), we demonstrated the predicted double dissociation: early during reward anticipation, memory formation was improved by increased expected reward value, whereas late during reward anticipation, memory formation was enhanced by reward uncertainty. Moreover, while the memory benefits of high expected reward in the early interval were consolidation-dependent, the memory benefits of high uncertainty in the later interval were not. These findings support the view that expected reward benefits memory consolidation via phasic dopamine release. The novel finding of a dissociable memory enhancement, temporally consistent with sustained anticipatory dopamine release, points toward new mechanisms of memory modulation by reward now ripe for further investigation.
A data-driven method of health monitoring for spacecraft
Authors: Kang Xu , Pi Dechang 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to detect the occurrence of anomaly and fault in a spacecraft, investigate various tendencies of telemetry parameters and evaluate the operation state of the spacecraft to monitor the health of the spacecraft.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a data-driven method (empirical mode decomposition-sample entropy-principal component analysis [EMD-SE-PCA]) for monitoring the health of the spacecraft, where EMD is used to decompose telemetry data and obtain the trend items, SE is utilised to calculate the sample entropies of trend items and extract the characteristic data and squared prediction error and statistic contribution rate are analysed using PCA to monitor the health of the spacecraft.

Findings
Experimental results indicate that the EMD-SE-PCA method could detect characteristic parameters that appear abnormally before the anomaly or fault occurring, could provide an abnormal early warning time before anomaly or fault appearing and summarise the contribution of each parameter more accurately than other fault detection methods.

Practical implications
The proposed EMD-SE-PCA method has high level of accuracy and efficiency. It can be used in monitoring the health of a spacecraft, detecting the anomaly and fault, avoiding them timely and efficiently. Also, the EMD-SE-PCA method could be further applied for monitoring the health of other equipment (e.g. attitude control and orbit control system) in spacecraft and satellites.

Originality/value
The paper provides a data-driven method EMD-SE-PCA to be applied in the field of practical health monitoring, which could discover the occurrence of anomaly or fault timely and efficiently and is very useful for spacecraft health diagnosis.
Do glamour, self-sexualisation and scopophilia influence celebrity endorsement?
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Peixoto , Azevedo Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of glamour, scopophilia and self-sexualisation in luxury celebrity endorsement.

Design/methodology/approach
In step 1, an experimental study was conducted with 100 respondents assessing the response towards manipulated print ad stimuli operationalizing the influence (in general terms) of lay out, endorser’s beauty pattern, body language (cool, smile appeal, sex appeal and disruptive), gazing and landscape. In step 2, respondents evaluated their response towards five perfume print ads retrieved from real advertising campaigns with different brand personalities (DKNY, Moschino, Chanel, Gucci and Boss).

Findings
The ideal copy strategy is: a couple of brunette Caucasian endorsers; “close-up” photo; sexy body language; indirect smiling gaze; and urban landscape. Multiple regression models were built for each ad/brand (personality) in order to predict the willingness to pay for a bottle of perfume.

Research limitations/implications
The paper suggests a holistic theoretical framework describing the influence of celebrity characteristics, advertising copy strategy, social-cultural trends and brand variables in the advertising processing.

Practical implications
Advertising copywriters and brand managers must control the role of glamour and the self-consciousness of women seduction power in branding advertising.

Social implications
Glamour, scopophilia or self-sexualisation are three different concepts which have a lot of sociological implications because they influence the way as the society perceive the role of women as endorsers in advertising, but also in other life dimensions.

Originality/value
This paper fills a gap in the literature, since this paper make an innovative analysis of the influence of these recent post-modernist socio-cultural trends.
Production technologies and low-technology knowledge-intensive venturing
Authors: Karagouni Glykeria 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how low-technology corporate ventures use knowledge from multiple and often trans-sectoral fields to intensively create and deploy innovative production technologies in order to sustain significant competitive advantages.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper primarily draws evidence from an exploratory case study of a low-tech private enterprise operating in the wood processing industry in Greece.

Findings
Low-technology firms appear to invest mainly in process innovation and therefore production technologies, in order to secure a position within mature markets. Within the notion of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE), a creative bricolage of knowledge based on research work and industrial practice results in innovative products and processes covering technologies from a wide range, including high-tech industries. The case indicates that low-tech companies may be something more than just “borrowers” of technology.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations regard the single case study research design and the focus on the wood industry in Greece. Future research may pursue more case studies in different traditional sectors and national contexts.

Practical implications
Entrepreneurs and managers of low-technology firms should focus on technological innovation and more specifically on co-creation of novel production technologies in order to sustain strong competitive advantages and enhance performances.

Originality/value
The analysis challenges the established opinion of common entrepreneurial processes in low-tech sectors. It adds to the ongoing discussion of low-tech, KIE and it contributes to the literature of industrial dynamics since there are only a handful of studies that probe the role of production technologies within a low-tech but knowledge-intensive context.
Developing teachers’ mathematical-task knowledge and practice through lesson study
Authors: Barber Krystal 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how lesson study can lead to teacher learning and improvement of instruction by developing teachers’ mathematical-task knowledge and by supporting teachers’ selection, modification, and implementation of mathematical tasks. Mathematical-task knowledge includes knowledge needed to use tasks that require a high level of thinking and reasoning.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study design was used to explore the learning and instruction of three teachers as they went through the process of lesson study, developed knowledge around mathematics tasks, and made changes to their instruction. Methods included direct observation of lessons, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation.

Findings
This lesson study project supported teachers in developing mathematical-task knowledge and in making change to instructional practice. The teachers discussed in this paper added to their understanding of mathematical tasks and changed how they implemented tasks after lesson study. The teachers began to challenge students to go beyond memorizing or executing procedures to deepen the students’ understanding of mathematical concepts. Teachers developed key insights and understandings of mathematical tasks, triggering shifts in their thinking, and changes to instruction. Collaboration and reflection altered the selection, modification, and implementation of mathematical tasks.

Research limitations/implications
This study reveals the connections between features of lesson study and the pathways that lead to learning and improvements to instruction. Limitations included the demands of the school district’s pacing guide and curriculum, and a limited number of interviews and observations were conducted after lesson study.

Originality/value
There are many different ways lesson study has been implemented in the USA, yet the effectiveness of many lesson study projects is still unclear. This study reveals more about the lesson study process, what features are important, and how these features lead to development of knowledge and practice. This study examines how teachers within the same lesson study group added to their knowledge and practice and how different features of lesson study prompt them to make changes.
Learning from safeguarding adult reviews on self-neglect: addressing the challenge of change
Authors: Preston-Shoot Michael 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to update the core data set of self-neglect safeguarding adult reviews (SARs) and accompanying thematic analysis, and to address the challenge of change, exploring the necessary components beyond an action plan to ensure that findings and recommendations are embedded in policy and practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Further published reviews are added to the core data set from the websites of Safeguarding Adults Boards (SABs). Thematic analysis is updated using the four domains employed previously. The repetitive nature of the findings prompts questions about how to embed policy and practice change, to ensure impactful use of learning from SARs. A framework for taking forward an action plan derived from an SAR findings and recommendations is presented.

Findings
Familiar, even repetitive findings emerge once again from the thematic analysis. This level of analysis enables an understanding of both local geography and the national legal, policy and financial climate within which it sits. Such learning is valuable in itself, contributing to the evidence base of what good practice with adults who self-neglect looks like. However, to avoid the accusation that lessons are not learned, something more than a straightforward action plan to implement the recommendations is necessary. A framework is conceptualised for a strategic and longer-term approach to embedding policy and practice change.

Research limitations/implications
There is still no national database of reviews commissioned by SABs so the data set reported here might be incomplete. The Care Act 2014 does not require publication of reports but only a summary of findings and recommendations in SAB annual reports. This makes learning for service improvement challenging. Reading the reviews reported here enables conclusions to be reached about issues to address locally and nationally to transform adult safeguarding policy and practice.

Practical implications
Answering the question “how to create sustainable change” is a significant challenge for SARs. A framework is presented here, drawn from research on change management and learning from the review process itself. The critique of serious case reviews challenges those now engaged in SARs to reflect on how transformational change can be achieved to improve the quality of adult safeguarding policy and practice.

Originality/value
The paper extends the thematic analysis of available reviews that focus on work with adults who self-neglect, further building on the evidence base for practice. The paper also contributes new perspectives to the process of following up SARs by using the findings and recommendations systematically within a framework designed to embed change in policy and practice.
Through a glass darkly: exploring commissioning and contract monitoring and its role in detecting abuse in care and nursing homes for older people
Authors: Moore Steve 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present findings from face-to-face interviews undertaken with 16 care and nursing home managers employed in homes situated in two English local authorities. The research sought to explore managers’ perceptions of the role of contract monitoring in the prevention of abuse.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 16 care and nursing home managers.

Findings
Though personnel employed by the local authority who conducted contract monitoring were generally thought of positively by care home managers on a personal level, their effectiveness was perceived to be limited as a result of their lack of experience and knowledge of providing care, and the methods that they were required to use.

Research limitations/implications
Though the research draws upon the experiences of only 16 care and nursing home managers in two local authorities, data suggest that current contract monitoring activity is of limited utility in determining the true nature of care and the presence of abuse.

Originality/value
Unusually, the paper explores care and nursing home managers’ perceptions of contract monitoring processes in terms of how they perceive their effectiveness in preventing abuse.