bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vonoprazan-based triple therapy is non-inferior to susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Yoshino Keiichi , Ando Katsuyoshi , Nomura Yoshiki , Ohta Katsuhisa , Satoh Kiichi , Ichiishi Eiichiro , Ishizuka Akiei , Otake Takaaki , Kohgo Yutaka , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
All Helicobacter pylori-infected patients are recommended for eradication with an appropriate regimen in each geographic area. The choice of the therapy is somewhat dependent on the antimicrobial susceptibility. The rate of clarithromycin resistance has been increasing and is associated with failure; thus, susceptibility testing is recommended before triple therapy with clarithromycin. However, antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not yet clinically available and an alternative newly developed acid inhibitor vonoprazan is used for triple therapy in Japan. The aim of this study was to determine whether vonoprazan-based triple therapy is plausible treatment in H. pylori eradication.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of H. pylori eradication was conducted in a single institute. The patients who requested antimicrobial susceptibility testing were treated with susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy in International University of Health and Welfare Hospital from 2013 to 2016. Other patients were treated with empirical treatment with a proton pump inhibitor. From 2015 to 2016, vonoprazan-based triple treatment (vonoprazan, 20 mg; amoxicillin, 750 mg; and clarithromycin, 200 or 400 mg, b.i.d.) was conducted, and its effectiveness was compared with susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy. We also investigated the improvement in eradication rate when antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and compared the outcomes of vonoprazan-based and proton pump inhibitor-based empirical therapy.

Results
A total of 1355 patients who received first-line eradication treatment were enrolled in the present study. The eradication rates of the empirical proton pump inhibitor-based therapy and the vonoprazan-based therapy group in a per-protocol analysis were 86.3% (95% CI 83.8–88.8) and 97.4% (95% CI 95.7–99.1), respectively. In 212 patients who received antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the rate of clarithromycin resistant was 23.5% and the eradication rate in susceptibility-guided treatment was 95.7% (95% CI 92.9–98.4). The difference between susceptibility-guided and vonoprazan-based therapy was − 1.7% (95% CI − 4.9 to 1.5%), and the non-inferiority of vonoprazan-based triple therapy was confirmed.

Conclusions
Vonoprazan-based triple therapy was effective as susceptibility-guided triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. An empirical triple therapy with vonoprazan is preferable even in area with high rates of clarithromycin-resistance.
Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000032351)
Changes in foot pain, structure and function following bariatric surgery
Authors: Walsh Tom P. , Gill Tiffany K. , Evans Angela M. , Yaxley Alison , Chisholm Jacob A. , Kow Lilian , Arnold John B. , Shanahan E. Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery candidates have a high prevalence of foot pain, depression and elevated plantar pressures. There is, however, limited research into how these factors interact pre‐ and post‐surgery. The aims of this study were therefore to investigate the mechanical and non‐mechanical factors associated with foot pain severity before, and the change after, surgery.MethodsBariatric surgery candidates underwent baseline and six‐month follow‐up measures. Foot pain was measured with the Manchester‐Oxford Foot Questionnaire. Mechanical measures included body mass index (BMI), dynamic plantar pressures, radiographic foot posture, and hindfoot range of motion. Depressive symptoms, the non‐mechanical measure, were assessed by questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine which variables were associated with foot pain at baseline and at follow‐up. Multilevel repeated models assessed the associations between foot pain and plantar pressure, adjusting for the interaction between group and follow‐up time.ResultsForty‐five participants (84% female), with mean (SD) age of 45.7 (9.4) years were recruited. Twenty‐nine participants had bariatric surgery and 16 participants remained on the waiting list (controls). Following bariatric surgery, foot pain reduced significantly by ‐ 35.7 points (95% CI ‐42.2 to ‐ 28.8), while depressive symptoms and whole foot peak pressures had a significant mean change of ‐ 5.9 points (95% CI ‐10.3 to ‐ 1.5) and ‐ 36 kPa (95% CI ‐50 to ‐ 22), respectively. In multivariable analysis, depressive symptoms were associated with foot pain at baseline β = 0.7 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.2) after controlling for age, gender, BMI, foot posture and plantar pressure. Depressive symptoms were also associated with foot pain at follow‐up in those undergoing bariatric surgery, β = 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). Foot posture and hindfoot range of motion did not change following surgery and a change in plantar pressures was not associated with a change in foot pain.ConclusionsFoot pain severity in bariatric surgery candidates was associated with depressive symptoms at baseline. Reduced foot pain following bariatric surgery was associated with an improvement in depressive symptoms, without a significant change in foot posture or foot function. Foot pain severity in bariatric candidates may be mediated by non‐mechanical or non‐local factors before and following surgery.
Prevalence of needle stick injury and its associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2016
Authors: Kebede Awoke , Gerensea Hadgu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective
Nurses are exposed to dangerous and deadly blood borne pathogens through contaminated needle stick injuries. This study was designed to assess prevalence of needle stick injury and its associated factors among nurses working in hospitals. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used among 258 randomly selected nurses. Collected data was entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. The degree of variables were assessed using adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval with P value (< 0.05).

Results
Eighty-nine (34.5%) nurses self-reported receiving a needle stick injury in the previous 12 months. Work experience, working hour, personal protective, infection prevention guide line utilization and infection prevention training were significantly associated to needle stick injury.

Conclusions
The needle stick injury in this study area was prevalent. The contributing factors to the injury were duration of working hours, experience, use of personal protective equipment and training.
Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Compared With Treatment as Usual in Reducing Psychological Distress in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Compen Félix , Bisseling Else , Schellekens Melanie , Donders Rogier , Carlson Linda , van der Lee Marije , Speckens Anne 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been shown to alleviate psychological distress in patients with cancer. However, patients experience barriers to participating in face-to-face MBCT. Individual Internet-based MBCT (eMBCT) could be an alternative. The study aim was to compare MBCT and eMBCT with treatment as usual (TAU) for psychological distress in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods We obtained ethical and safety approval to include 245 patients with cancer with psychological distress (≥ 11 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) in the study. They were randomly allocated to MBCT (n = 77), eMBCT (n = 90), or TAU (n = 78). Patients completed baseline (T0) and postintervention (T1) assessments. The primary outcome was psychological distress on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes were psychiatric diagnosis, fear of cancer recurrence, rumination, health-related quality of life, mindfulness skills, and positive mental health. Continuous outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed modeling on the intention-to-treat sample. Because both interventions were compared with TAU, the type I error rate was set at P < .025. Results Compared with TAU, patients reported significantly less psychological distress after both MBCT (Cohen’s d, .45; P < .001) and eMBCT (Cohen’s d, .71; P < .001) . In addition, post-treatment prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis was lower with both MBCT (33% improvement; P = .030) and eMBCT (29% improvement; P = .076) in comparison with TAU (16%), but these changes were not statistically significant. Both interventions reduced fear of cancer recurrence and rumination, and increased mental health–related quality of life, mindfulness skills, and positive mental health compared with TAU (all Ps < .025). Physical health–related quality of life did not improve ( P = .343). Conclusion Compared with TAU, MBCT and eMBCT were similarly effective in reducing psychological distress in a sample of distressed heterogeneous patients with cancer.
Through a Distant Mirror: Reflections, Projections, and the Multiple Logics of Cross-national Comparisons
Authors: Schlesinger Mark 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Scholars have long recognized the importance of comparisons for envisioning, formulating, and implementing new public policies. But cross-national comparisons of health systems and policies can prove challenging—sometimes potentially misleading—unless one carefully attends to the nature of comparative reasoning and the inferences that it allows. This article explores the distinctive logics of two forms of comparison: analogies and metaphors. Each offers potentially important insights regarding the performance of the US health care system and appropriate aspirations for American health policy. But they do so in very different ways, each form of comparison singling out particular other countries, policies, and health outcomes as the most appropriate or meaningful comparators. These patterns are illustrated with examples drawn from the articles and commentaries in this special issue. These explorations of comparative reasoning also highlight some gaps in the topics addressed in these other contributions—gaps that merit attention in future research.
Nihilismo y superación. El "último Dios" en Heidegger
Authors: Laiseca Laura 
Published: June 2018

En sus lecciones de los años treinta, Heidegger se centra en el pensamiento de Nietzsche dado que considera que en él se ha consumado el nihilismo de la metafísica a través de la inversión de sus principios en su doble inicio platónico y cartesiano. Pero el “nihilismo impropio” de la metafísica entendido como el “olvido del ser”, es motivado a su vez por el “nihilismo propio” o “abandono del ser”. Consecuentemente Heidegger propone la “superación-sobretorsión” (Überwindung) de la metafísica en el sentido de una “torsión” (Verwindung) del olvido del ser, camino que lo llevará a la búsqueda de un pensamiento no metafísico entendido como el “recuerdo interiorizante en la metafísica” primeramente, y seguidamente en el sentido de un pensamiento rememorante (Andenken).
Seguidamente la presente propuesta se detiene en la temática del “último Dios” en el horizonte de la temporalidad, donde Heidegger lo anuncia como “el último” pero en el sentido del más originario, pensado desde la dimensión del “tiempo auténtico” tetradimensional, donde lo advenidero no es lo meramente futuro, sino lo predeterminado por “lo sido” (das Gewesen). Así se comprende la humanidad de los advenideros (die Zukünftige), un pueblo de creadores que son “los vigías del silencio del pasaje del último Dios”.
El pesimismo antropológico y la fundamentación de la teoría del estado en Hobbes y Schmitt
Authors: Micieli Cristina 
Published: June 2018

Para Hobbes, la naturaleza humana es egoísmo, y éste se traduce en aislamiento del individuo, o actitud de hostilidad de uno respecto de los otros —la “guerra de todo contra todos”—; en efecto, cada uno ve en sí mismo su único fin. En consecuencia, lo que empuja al hombre a unirse con los otros hombres en una sociedad estable y rígidamente organizada como es el Estado, no es la benevolencia, sino el temor recíproco de los males inevitables que amenazan continuamente al individuo en el “estado de naturaleza”. No por eso puede decirse que los hombres sean malos por naturaleza. En el estado natural no existen lo justo ni lo injusto. La distinción entre lo mío y lo tuyo presupone una ley social y, por ende, un poder común que falta en el estado de naturaleza. “Violencia y engaño” son en ese estado las virtudes cardinales.
También para Schmitt, el conflicto político y, en última instancia, la guerra, es inevitable, ya que detrás de su aparente neutralidad valorativa, no puede ocultar su juicio moral acerca de la necesaria relación entre guerra, política y naturaleza humana. Schmitt ha asumido que la única manera de comprender seriamente el fenómeno político es admitir la maldad inherente a la naturaleza humana. Si la esfera de lo político se halla en última instancia condicionada por la posibilidad de enemistad, entonces, “las ideas y concepciones políticas no pueden comenzar muy bien con un optimismo antropológico”. Este es, a su juicio, el principal error del liberalismo, anarquismo y comunismo: todos niegan el hecho de que el hombre es un ser “malo” o, al menos, “peligroso”.
En consecuencia, lo mismo que para Hobbes, el pesimismo antropológico es, en última instancia, la fundamentación de la teoría del Estado en Carl Schmitt.
Historicidad e irreversibilidad en la concepción prigoginiana y agustiniana del tiempo
Authors: Ibáñez Eduardo 
Published: June 2018

El trabajo compara las nociones de “historicidad” e “irreversibilidad” en la concepción del tiempo de Prigogine y de San Agustín, estableciendo semejanzas y diferencias. Analiza primero la idea agustiniana de la temporalidad siguiendo el Libro Undécimo de las Confesiones, y las interpretaciones de dicha idea efectuadas por Paul Ricoeur y por Jean Guitton. A continuación, analiza la redefinición del tiempo llevada a cabo por Ilya Prigogine, diferenciándola fundamentalmente de la concepción estática o geométrica de la dinámica newtoniana. Muestra que esta reconceptualización lo diferencia de la física clásica y lo acerca a la idea agustiniana del tiempo, en tanto y en cuanto, en ambos autores, las nociones de “irreversibilidad”, “historicidad”, “novedad”, “acontecimiento” y “creatividad”, son cruciales para entender la temporalidad. Finalmente, pone de manifiesto las diferencias entre los dos autores: mientras que San Agustín se refiere fundamentalmente a un tiempo humano o existencial, en el que está presente un claro sentido de la trascendencia, Prigogine alude al tiempo de la dinámica y la termodinámica de los procesos irreversibles alejados del equilibrio, en un sentido ciertamente inmanente y físico.
Racionalidad universal y demandas locales en R. M. Hare y K.-O. Apel
Authors: Prono Santiago N. 
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se analiza un aspecto específico de dos de las más importantes teorías éticas contemporáneas para la fundamentación racional de las normas morales: el prescriptivismo universal de R. M. Hare, y la ética discursiva del filósofo alemán Karl-Otto Apel. Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de establecer siempre una mediación entre la ética universal de principios, y los contextos históricos concretos de las comunidades que aplican dichas normas, se aborda esta última cuestión en las teorías de ambos filósofos. En el caso de Hare, además de la dificultad propia del formalismo que adopta, no puede dar cuenta de los problemas en cuestión en la medida en que, por un lado, la incorporación del utilitarismo que para este requerimiento propone no está justificada y, por el otro lado, con el procedimiento de las transferencias interpersonales es difícil conocer los deseos e intereses de las personas por la imposibilidad de ocupar el lugar del otro. En relación con Apel, el autor considera que, aunque propone una tesis más coherente, en realidad no tiene en cuenta adecuadamente los problemas de justificación de las decisiones y de la aplicación de los principios en las situaciones históricas.
Lo antes mencionado plantea la necesidad de considerar la viabilidad de complementación con la concepción habermasiana de la ética discursiva.
Hanna Arendt y la Crítica de la Facultad de Juzgar
Authors: López Diana María 
Published: June 2018

El núcleo central de este trabajo consiste en presentar a la Crítica de la Facultad de Juzgar de Kant como un recurso significativo en la formación del pensamiento político de Hanna Arendt. Según la interpretación que la autora realiza del juicio reflexivo y su vinculación con la comunidad ampliada presente en la concepción kantiana de sensus communis, es posible considerar una redefinición del juicio ahora más ligada a la contingencia de la acción y a la pluralidad de los espectadores en el ámbito de la esfera política. En síntesis, se trata de señalar los aspectos más problemáticos de la localización del legado de Kant en los últimos trabajos de Arendt a la vez que llamar la atención sobre la cuestión concerniente a la importancia del aporte kantiano a los ejes centrales del debate de la teoría política contemporánea. AbstractThe core of this paper consists of presenting Kant's Critique of the Faculty of Judgment as a significant resource in the formation of Hanna Arendt's political thought. According to Arendt's interpretation of reflective judgment and its relation to the enlarged community that is present in the kantian conception of sensus communis, a redefinition of judgment, now closer to the contingency of action and the plurality of spectators in the realm of the political sphere is possible to consider. In short, the aim is to point out the most problematic aspects of tracing Kant's legacy in Arendt's latter works as well as to draw attention to the question concerning the importance of the kantian contribution to the key points of the discussion of contemporary political theory.
Skrining Dan Seleksi Bakteri Simbion Spons Penghasil Enzim Ekstraseluler Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Bahan Organik Dan Biokontrol Vibriosis Pada Budidaya Udang
Authors: Setyati Wilis Arii , Habibi Ahmad Saddam , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Ridlo Ali , S Nirwani , Pramesti Rini 
Published: June 2018

Pesatnya kegiatan budidaya perikanan dengan penerapan sistem intensif dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, telah memunculkan permasalahan berupa penurunan daya dukung tambak bagi kehidupan organisme budidaya. Dampak lanjut yang ditimbulkan adalah terjadinya serangkaian penyakit dan kerusakan kondisi lingkungan. Langkah antisipatif melalui penerapan bioremediasi merupakan solusi untuk mencegah kerusakan yang lebih serius. Dalam proses bioremediasi, enzim memainkan peran katalis yang mempercepat reaksi biokimia di kolam tanah dan air. Bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons memiliki beragam senyawa bioaktif yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah isolasi dan skrining bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons yang memiliki aktivitas enzim ekstraseluler (proteolitik, amilolitik, selulolitik, dan lipolitik) dan aktivitas antibakteri, serta mengetahui interaksi sifat antagonisme antar isolat terbaik, dan identifikasi spesies bakteri secara fenotipik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 4 tahap: koleksi sampel, isolasi, seleksi, dan identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri simbion spons yang diperoleh 15 isolat dengan potensi 15 isolat proteolitik, 12 isolat amilolitik, 12 isolat lipolitik, dan 4 isolat selulolitik. Terdapat 10 isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan 2 isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio alginolyticus. Isolat bakteri terbaik SP.1.3, SP.5.1, dan SP.5.3 tidak memiliki aktivitas saling antagonis antar ketiganya. Identifikasi fenotipik dari 3 isolat diduga bahwa isolat SP.1.3, SP.5.1, dan SP.5.2 diidentifikasi sebagai Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp., dan Pseudomonas sp. Kata kunci: Bakteri simbion spons, enzim ekstraseluler, bioremediasi, vibriosis
Pertambahan Biomasa Kepiting Bakau Scylla serrata pada Daerah Mangrove dan Tidak Bermangrove
Authors: Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani , Rochaddi Baskoro 
Published: June 2018

Lahan mangrove mempunyai potensi dikembangkan untuk usaha penggemukan kepiting tanpa merusak, yaitu melalui konsep silvofishery. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjajaki pemeliharan kepiting bakau Scylla serrata didaerah mangrove. Metoda yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan acak kelompok. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah kepadatan yang berbeda (4 ekor/m2, 6 ekor/m2 dan 8 ekor/m2) dengan kelompok (daerah mangrove dan tidak bermangrove) dengan ulangan 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh berupa penambahan biomasa dianalisa dengan balanced designs anova. Hasil yang didapat menunjukan kepiting bakau yang dipelihara didaerah mangrove memiliki penambahan biomasa yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan yang dipelihara pada daerah tidak bermangrove. Kepiting bakau yang dipelihara didaerah mangrove dengan kepadatan ekor/m2 pertambahan biomasanya rata rata 81,7 gr/bulan; dan kepadatan 6 ekor/m2 bertambah rata rata 77,8 gr/bulan, sedang kepadatan 8 ekor/m2 73,9 gr/bulan. Hal tersebut sangat berbeda dengan kepiting yang dipelihara pada daerah yang tidak bermangrove dimana untuk kepadatan 4 ekor/m2 rata rata hanya bertambah 68,75 gr/bulan dan yang berkepadatan kepadatan 6 ekor/m2 bertambah rata rata 39,1 gr/bulan sedangkan yang berkepadatan 8 ekor/m2 32,2 gr/bulan. Interaksi antara kepadatan dan lokasi (bermangrove dan bukan) memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata pada penambahan berat kepiting bakau (p<0,001). Kata kunci : Kepiting bakau, pertumbuhan dan mangrove
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Senyawa Fenolik Makroalga Coklat Sargassum sp.
Authors: Sedjati Sri , Suryono Suryono , Santosa Adi , Supriyantini Endang , Ridlo Ali 
Published: June 2018

Present research was to evaluated the antioxidant activities of extracts from macroalga Sargassum sp. In this study, seven filtrates from maceration (methanol pa and technical grade, ethanol pa and techinal grade, methanol technical grade 50%, infused hot water, boiled water) were analyzed for total phenolic compound (TPC) and for antioxidant activities (DPPH method). The results revealed that the water filtrates possessed more TPC and antioxidant antivity than alcoholic filtrates, and the highest was water filtrate from boiled Sargassum sp. (TPC =1,36±0,01 mgGAE/g dry weight; % inhibtion DPPH = 81,35±0,42 %). The high positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (r = 0.99 ) suggested that phenolic compound were the mayor antioxidant components. The effect of TPC (dependent variable) on DPPH radical inhibition (independent variable) with regression formula y = 55,39 x + 5,18. Keywords : Sargassum sp., phenolic compound, antioxidant activity. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensial aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Sargassum sp. Pada kajian ini, 7 filtrat hasil maserasi (metanol pa dan teknis, etanol pa dan teknis, metanol teknis 50%, perendaman air panas/hot infused, dan perebusan dengan air) dianalisis kandungan total fenoliknya (TPC) dan aktivitas antioksidannya (metoda DPPH). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa filtrat air memiliki kandungan TPC dan antioksidan yang relatif lebih tinggi dibanding filtrat alkohol dan yang tertinggi adalah filtrat hasil perebusan Sargassum sp. (TPC =1,36±0,01 mgGAE/g berat kering; inhibisi DPPH = 81,35±0,42 %), Korelasi positif yang tinggi antara TPC dan aktivitas antioksidan (r = 0.99) menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa fenolik merupakan komponen utama yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan. Pengaruh TPC (variabel bebas) terhadap inhibisi radikal DPPH (variabel terikat) sesuai dengan persamaan regresi y = 55,39 x + 5,18. Kata kunci : Sargassum sp., senyawa fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan.