bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Inside CeO2 Nanotubes: An Efficient Biocatalyst for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Zhu Yun , Yang Zezhou , Song Lifei , Chi Maoqiang , Li Meixuan , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA quick and sensitive detection of ascorbic acid (AA) is essential in the fields of biosensing and disease diagnosis. In this work, an effective approach combined with electrospinning, chemical bath deposition, and calcination process is developed to encapsulate Co3O4 nanoparticle into CeO2 nanotubes as efficient peroxidase mimics for the detection of AA. The peroxidase‐like catalytic activity of the as‐prepared Co3O4@CeO2 nanotubes is much higher than that of individual Co3O4 nanofibers and CeO2 nanotubes alone due to the synergistic effect between the two components. Owing to the superior catalytic efficiency of the prepared Co3O4@CeO2 nanotubes, a colorimetric route for the rapid and accurate detection of AA with a detection limit of 0.73 × 10−9m with a wide linear range from 0 to 0.8 × 10−6m is demonstrated. This detection limit is much better than the previous reports based on the enzyme‐like catalytic systems. In addition, a good selectivity toward the detection of AA over amino acids, common ions, dopamine, and uric acid is achieved. This study offers a new approach for the fabrication of Co3O4@CeO2 nanotubes as sensing platform toward the detection of AA, which presents promising potential applications in biosensing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics.
The role of benzathine penicillin G in predicting and preventing all-cause acute respiratory disease in military recruits: 1991–2017
Authors: Ball Jacob D. , Prosperi Mattia A. , Brown Alfonza , Chen Xinguang , Kenah Eben , Yang Yang , Cummings Derek A. T. , Rivers Caitlin M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe adenovirus vaccine and benzathine penicillin G (BPG) have been used by the US military to prevent acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in trainees, though these interventions have had documented manufacturing problems. We fit Poisson regression and random forest models (RF) to 26 years of weekly ARD incidence data to explore the impact of the adenovirus vaccine and BPG prophylaxis on respiratory disease burden. Adenovirus vaccine availability was among the most important predictors of ARD in the RF, while BPG was the ninth most important. BPG was a significant protective factor against ARD (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.70), but less so than either the old or new adenovirus vaccine (IRR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.38–0.39 and IRR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.11–0.11), respectively. These results suggest that BPG is moderately predictive of, and significantly protective against ARD, though to a lesser extent than either the old or new adenovirus vaccine.
Grand Rounds Teaching Monograph: Current Treatments in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Sussman Norman , Asnis Gregory , Bowden Charles L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEvidence continues to mount that anticonvulsants represent broad-spectrum central nervous system agents which are highly efficacious in the treatment of core psychiatric symptoms. The US Food and Drug Administration has extended the use of anticonvulsants beyond the treatment of epilepsy, to include wide-reaching neuropsychiatric illnesses such as mania, migraine, panic disorder, and trigeminal neurologia. From the perspective of psychiatric disorders, the most exciting development about these newer agents is the emergence of persuasive evidence that they are effective in treating mood disorders. Depakote and Tegretol have been joined by Neurontin and Lamictal as agents shown to be useful in the treatment of bipolar, and possibly unipolar, depression.Recently, both clinical and research attention has focused specifically on the use of Neurontin and Lamictal as alternatives to standard, agents for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. Because many patients with bipolar disorder experience continued symptomology despite standard treatment, further study of these novel agents for the treatment of affective disorders is warranted.
Kindesmisshandlung bei Pflegekindern
Authors: Ehrenberg Daniela , Lohaus Arnold , Konrad Kerstin , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Pflegekinder erleben signifikant mehr Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung als andere Kinder und leiden häufiger unter deren langfristigen Auswirkungen. Methode: In dem vom BMBF geförderten Forschungsprojekt GROW&TREAT wurden 94 Pflegekinder hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Misshandlungsformen auf ihre Entwicklung untersucht. Als Vergleichsstichprobe dienten 157 in der Herkunftsfamilie lebende Kinder ohne bekannte Misshandlungserfahrung. Mithilfe standardisierter Verfahren wurden emotionale und Verhaltensprobleme, die Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen den Kindern und ihren (Pflege–) Eltern, sowie die kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen wie erwartet, dass Pflegekinder eine ungünstigere Entwicklung aufweisen und dass unterschiedliche Misshandlungsformen spezifische Auswirkungen auf die kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder haben. Diskussion: Die Limitationen der Studie und Implikationen für weitere Forschungsansätze werden kritisch reflektiert.
Constraints on Scale Lengths of Equatorial Electrojet and Counter Electrojet Phenomena From the Indian Sector
Authors: Archana R. K. , Phani Chandrasekhar N. , Arora Kusumita , Nagarajan Nandini 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the longitudinal variability of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and counter electrojet (CEJ) phenomena using concurrent data from three equatorial and low‐latitude paired stations/sites at 5°, 15°, and 20° longitudinal separation in the Indian sector: (i) Minicoy (72°E, dip latitude 01.32°) and Alibag (72°E, dip latitude 14.06°), (ii) Vencode (77°E, dip latitude 01.02°) and Hyderabad (77°E, dip latitude12.34°), and (iii) Campbell Bay (93°E, dip latitude −0.79°) and Nabagram (93°E, dip latitude 06.79°). The observations, over a period of 12 months, at 72°E and 77°E, and 10 months at 93°E, for the year 2015, reflect the variability in both amplitude and occurrence phenomena at close spatial scales. Significant day‐to‐day variability of EEJ and CEJ is observed, with increasing spatial separation. The closely spaced sites, MNC and VEN, show expected similarity but present striking differences in certain monthly averaged patterns. Concurrent observations from three longitudes reveal increasing EEJ amplitudes from west to east and a new observation of increasing CEJ amplitudes from east to west. From these longitudinal trends, we confirm that EEJ strengths are controlled by the large‐scale DE3 nonmigrating tide. A marked difference in CEJ amplitude between MNC and VEN suggests that scale lengths of CEJ and EEJ are different, and we infer that CEJ are primarily generated by short‐scale length variations in the middle atmosphere caused by localized interactions of planetary and gravity waves and are also influenced by the DE3 nonmigrating tide.
TheM7 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, Earthquake: 3‐D Deformation Along the Fault and Within the Damage Zone Constrained From Differential Lidar Topography
Authors: Scott Chelsea P. , Arrowsmith J Ramon , Nissen Edwin , Lajoie Lia , Maruyama Tadashi , Chiba Tatsuro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional near‐fault coseismic deformation fields from high‐resolution differential topography provide new information on the behavior of the shallow fault zone in large surface‐rupturing earthquakes. Our work focuses on the 16 April 2016Mw7.0 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake, which ruptured ~40 km of the Futagawa‐Hinagu Fault Zone on Kyushu Island with an oblique strike‐slip mechanism and surface offset exceeding 2 m. Our differential lidar analysis constrains the structural style of strain accommodation along the primary fault trace and the surrounding damage zone. We show that 36 ± 29% and 62 ± 32% of the horizontal and vertical deformation, respectively, was accommodated off the principal fault trace. The horizontal strains of up to 0.03 suggest that the approximate elastic strain limit was exceeded over a ~250 m width in many locations along the rupture. The inelastic deformation of the fault volume produced the observed distributed deformation at the Earth's surface. We demonstrate a novel approach for calculating 3‐D displacement uncertainties, indicating errors of centimeters to a few decimeters for displacements computed over 50 m horizontal windows. Errors correlate with land cover and relief, with flatter agricultural land associated with the highest displacement uncertainty. These advances provide a framework for future analyses of shallow earthquake behavior using differential topography.
p38 MAPK pathway and its interaction with TRF2 in cisplatin induced chemotherapeutic response in head and neck cancer
Authors: Roy Shomereeta , Roy Souvick , Kar Madhabananda , Thakur Shweta , Akhter Yusuf , Kumar Amit , Delogu Francesco , Padhi Swatishree , Saha Arka , Banerjee Birendranath 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTRF2 is a telomere binding protein, a component of the shelterin complex that plays a major role in maintaining the integrity of the genome. TRF2 is over-expressed in a number of human cancers including Head and Neck cancer and might play a key role in tumor initiation and development. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is strongly activated in response to various environmental and cellular stresses and thus overexpressed in most of the Head and Neck cancer cases. In this study, we investigated potential interactions of TRF2 with p38 in HNSCC cells and patient samples. Using in silico experiments, we identified interface polar residue Asp-354 of p38 and Arg-492, Arg-496 of TRF2 as protein–protein interaction hotspots. In addition to these interactions, Arg-49 residue of p38 was also found to interact with Glu-456 of TRF2. A detailed understanding of how phosphorylated and unphosphorylated state of p38 protein can influence the stability, specificity and to some extent a conformational change of p38-TRF2 binding is presented. Silencing of TRF2 significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 in HNSCC cells which was confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation and alternatively inhibiting p38 using p38 inhibitor (SB 203580) decreased the expression of TRF2 in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, we checked the effect of TRF2 silencing and p38 inhibition in cisplatin induced chemosensitivity of SCC-131 cells. TRF2 silencing and p38 inhibition chemosensitize HNSCC cells to cisplatin. Thus, targeting TRF2 in combinatorial therapeutics can be a treatment modality for Head and Neck cancer which involves inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.
A full utilization of rice husk to evaluate phytochemical bioactivities and prepare cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Yue , Guo Xinbo , Liu Yu , Fang Zhiqiang , Zhang Mingwei , Zhang Ruifen , You Lijun , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRice husks (RHs) as an agro-waste generated from rice production, while its application is limited. This study was designed to introduce a full utilization of rice husks, which extracted the phytochemical at first and then produced cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the use of the residue. Furthermore, the phytochemicals extracted from rice husk was identified and its biological activity, including antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and antiproliferative activity, had been detected as well. Results showed the bound fraction of rice husk had higher antioxidant than common fruit and grain. Free fraction of rice husk deserved to have further analysis in antiproliferative activity due to its low cytotoxicity. The CNCs produced by residue was using delignification process and acid hydrolysis treatments. The chemical composition of the residue obtained after phytochemical extraction was determined. CNCs morphological investigation was performed using an optical microscope and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our strategy is to achieve a comprehensive utilization of rice husks with both economy and environment benefits.
High Levels of Glyphosate Resistance in Conyza canadensis from Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Sites in Ohio and Iowa
Authors: Beres Zachery T. , Ernst Emily E. , Ackley Bruce A. , Loux Mark M. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Snow Allison A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlyphosate is an important herbicide worldwide, but its efficacy has been compromised where weed species have evolved glyphosate resistance. To better understand evolutionary outcomes of continued and strong selection from glyphosate exposure, we characterized variation in resistance in self-pollinating Conyza canadensis (horseweed) in Ohio and Iowa, where glyphosate resistance was first reported in 2002 and 2011, respectively. In 2015, we collected seeds from a total of 74 maternal plants (biotypes) from no-till soybean fields vs. non-agricultural sites in each state, using one representative plant per site. Young plants from each biotype were sprayed with glyphosate rates of 0x, 1x (840 g ae ha−1), 8x, 20x, or 40x. Resistant biotypes with at least 80% survival at each dosage were designated as R1 (1x), R2 (8x), R3 (20x), or R4 (40x). Nearly all Ohio agricultural biotypes were R4, as were 62% of biotypes from the non-agricultural sites. In Iowa, R4 biotypes were clustered in the southeastern soybean fields, where no-till agriculture is more common, and 45% of non-agricultural biotypes were R1–R4. Our results show that resistance levels to glyphosate can be very high (at least 40x) in both states, and that non-agricultural sites likely serve as a refuge for glyphosate-resistant biotypes.
Angiotropism and extravascular migratory metastasis in cutaneous and uveal melanoma progression in a zebrafish model
Authors: Fornabaio Giulia , Barnhill Raymond L. , Lugassy Claire , Bentolila Laurent A. , Cassoux Nathalie , Roman-Roman Sergio , Alsafadi Samar , Del Bene Filippo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a propensity for distant metastasis to various organs. In contrast, melanoma arising in pigmented uveal layers of the eye metastasizes mostly in the liver. The mechanisms of these metastases, which are ultimately resistant to therapy, are still unclear. Metastasis via intravascular dissemination of tumour cells is widely accepted as a central paradigm. However, we have previously described an alternative mode of tumour dissemination, extravascular migratory metastasis, based on clinical and experimental data. This mechanism is characterised by the interaction of cancer cells with the abluminal vascular surface, which defines angiotropism. Here, we employed our 3D co-culture approach to monitor cutaneous and uveal human melanoma cells dynamics in presence of vascular tubules. Using time-lapse microscopy, we evaluated angiotropism, the migration of tumour cells along vascular tubules and the morphological changes occurring during these processes. Cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells were injected in zebrafish embryos in order to develop xenografts. Employing in vivo imaging coupled with 3D reconstruction, we monitored the interactions between cancer cells and the external surface of zebrafish vessels. Overall, our results indicate that cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells spread similarly along the abluminal vascular surfaces, in vitro and in vivo.
Occupational radiation exposure and glaucoma and macular degeneration in the US radiologic technologists
Authors: Little Mark P. , Kitahara Cari M. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Bernier Marie-Odile , Velazquez-Kronen Raquel , Doody Michele M. , Borrego David , Miller Jeremy S. , Alexander Bruce H. , Simon Steven L. , Preston Dale L. , Meyer Craig , Linet Martha S. , Hamada Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere are well-documented associations of glaucoma with high-dose radiation exposure, but only a single study suggesting risk of glaucoma, and less conclusively macular degeneration, associated with moderate-dose exposure. We assessed risk of glaucoma and macular degeneration associated with occupational eye-lens radiation dose, using participants from the US Radiologic Technologists Study, followed from the date of surveys in 1994–1998, 2003–2005 to the earliest of diagnosis of glaucoma or macular degeneration, cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer, or date of last survey (2012–2014). We excluded those with baseline disease or previous radiotherapy history. Cox proportional hazards models with age as timescale were used. There were 1631 cases of newly self-reported doctor-diagnosed cases of glaucoma and 1331 of macular degeneration among 69,568 and 69,969 eligible subjects, respectively. Estimated mean cumulative eye-lens absorbed dose from occupational radiation exposures was 0.058 Gy. The excess relative risk/Gy for glaucoma was −0.57 (95% CI −1.46, 0.60,p = 0.304) and for macular degeneration was 0.32 (95% CI −0.32, 1.27,p = 0.381), suggesting that there is no appreciable risk for either endpoint associated with low-dose and low dose-rate radiation exposure. Since this is the first examination of glaucoma and macular degeneration associated with low-dose radiation exposure, this result needs to be replicated in other low-dose studies.
Loss-of-function mutations of SCN10A encoding NaV1.8 α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel in patients with human kidney stone disease
Authors: Nettuwakul Choochai , Praditsap Oranud , Sawasdee Nunghathai , Rungroj Nanyawan , Ruamyod Katesirin , Watanapa Wattana B. , Junking Mutita , Sangnual Sittideth , Sritippayawan Suchai , Cheunsuchon Boonyarit , Chuawattana Duangporn , Rojsatapong Santi , Chaowagul Wipada , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G. , Yenchitsomanus Pa-thai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman kidney stone disease (KSD) causes significant morbidity and public health burden worldwide. The etiology of KSD is heterogeneous, ranging from monogenic defects to complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. However, the genetic defects causing KSD in the majority of affected families are still unknown. Here, we report the discovery of mutations of SCN10A, encoding NaV1.8 α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel, in families with KSD. The region on chromosome 3 where SCN10A locates was initially identified in a large family with KSD by genome-wide linkage analysis and exome sequencing. Two mutations (p.N909K and p.K1809R) in the same allele of SCN10A co-segregated with KSD in the affected family. Additional mutation (p.V1149M) of SCN10A was identified in another affected family, strongly supporting the causal role of SCN10A for KSD. The amino acids at these three positions, N909, K1809, and V1149, are highly conserved in vertebrate evolution, indicating their structural and functional significances. NaV1.8 α subunit mRNA and protein were found to express in human kidney tissues. The mutant proteins expressed in cultured cells were unstable and causing reduced current density as analyzed by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Thus, loss-of-function mutations of SCN10A were associated with KSD in the families studied.
Structural analyses of FERM domain-mediated membrane localization of FARP1
Authors: Kuo Yi-Chun , He Xiaojing , Coleman Andrew J. , Chen Yu-Ju , Dasari Pranathi , Liou Jen , Biederer Thomas , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFARP1 is a multi-domain protein that is involved in regulating neuronal development through interacting with cell surface proteins such as class A Plexins and SynCAM 1. The N-terminal FERM domain in FARP1 is known to both promote membrane localization and mediate these protein interactions, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we determined the crystal structures of the FERM domain of FARP1 from zebrafish, and those of FARP2 (a close homolog of FARP1) from mouse and zebrafish. These FERM domains adopt the three-leaved clover fold that is typical of all FERM domains. Our structures reveal a positively charged surface patch that is highly conserved in the FERM domain of FARP1 and FARP2. In vitro lipid-binding experiments showed that the FARP1 FERM domain binds specifically to several types of phospholipid, which is dependent on the positively charged surface patch. We further determined through cell-based analyses that this surface patch on the FERM domain underlies the localization of FARP1 to the plasma membrane, and that FERM domain interactions recruit it to postsynaptic sites in neurons.
Demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of ankle fractures, a national population-based survey of 512187 individuals
Authors: Liu Song , Zhu Yanbin , Chen Wei , Wang Lin , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhang Yingze 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the population-based incidence rate of ankle fracture and associated risk factors in China. All the data on ankle fractures were available from the China National Fracture Survey (CNFS) conducted between January and May in 2015. All eligible household members were sampled from 8 provinces, 24 urban cities and 24 rural counties in China, using stratified random sampling and the probability proportional to size method. Questionnaires were sent to every participant for data collection and quality control was accomplished by our quality control team members. A total of 512187 valid questionnaires were collected and relevant data were abstracted and analyzed. One hundred and ninety patients sustained 193 ankle fractures in 2014, indicating the incidence rate was 37.1 (95% CI, 31.8–42.4)/100,000 person-year. Alcohol consumption, living alone and average sleep time <7 h/d were identified as independent risk factors for ankle fracture in both males and females. Previous history of fracture was identified as significant risk factor of ankle fracture in females but not in males. Therefore, specific public health policies focusing on decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging individuals to obtain sufficient sleep should be implemented. Individuals living alone should focus more on healthcare, especially in those with previous fracture.
Bridging the scales in high-throughput dielectrophoretic (bio-)particle separation in porous media
Authors: Pesch Georg R. , Lorenz Malte , Sachdev Shaurya , Salameh Samir , Du Fei , Baune Michael , Boukany Pouyan E. , Thöming Jorg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) is a versatile technique for the solution of difficult (bio-)particle separation tasks based on size and material. Particle motion by DEP requires a highly inhomogeneous electric field. Thus, the throughput of classical DEP devices is limited by restrictions on the channel size to achieve large enough gradients. Here, we investigate dielectrophoretic filtration, in which channel size and separation performance are decoupled because particles are trapped at induced field maxima in a porous separation matrix. By simulating microfluidic model porous media, we derive design rules for DEP filters and verify them using model particles (polystyrene) and biological cells (S. cerevisiae, yeast). Further, we bridge the throughput gap by separating yeast in an alumina sponge and show that the design rules are equally applicable in real porous media at high throughput. While maintaining almost 100% efficiency, we process up to 9 mL min−1, several orders of magnitude more than most state-of-the-art DEP applications. Our microfluidic approach provides new insight into trapping dynamics in porous media, which even can be applied in real sponges. These results pave the way toward high-throughput retention, which is capable of solving existing problems such as cell separation in liquid biopsy or precious metal recovery.