bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and outcomes for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in onco-hematological patients
Authors: Liu Jianling , Wang Haichen , Huang Ziyan , Tao Xiaoyan , Li Jun , Hu Yongmei , Dou Qingya , Zou Mingxiang 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) serves as a major threat to onco-hematological patients, resulting in great morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors for KP bloodstream infections (BSIs) and mortality in onco-hematological patients.
Methodology: A retrospective observation study was conducted on KP BSIs in the onco-hematology departments at Xiangya hospital from January 2014 to September 2018. Multivariate analysis was employed to identify the independent risk factors for carbapenem-resistant (CR) KP BSIs and related mortality.
Results: A total of 89 strains of KP were analyzed in our study, in which 20 strains were CRKP. The only risk factor for CRKP BSI was carbapenem exposure within 30 days before the onset of BSIs (HR 25.122). The 30-day mortality was 24.7%. CRKP caused more mortality than carbapenem-susceptible KP (55.0% vs 15.9%, P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, unresolved neutropenia (HR 16.900), diarrhea (HR 3.647) and RDW > 14% (HR 6.292) were independent risk factors for mortality, and appropriate empirical therapy (HR 0.164) was protective against mortality.
Conclusions: Our findings showed that carbapenem resistance was spreading in our setting, and a precise combination of antibiotics covering the common pathogen is crucial to improving patient survival.
Seroprevalence and risk assessment of viral hepatitis E infection in a group of exposed persons from Republic of Moldova
Authors: Sajin Octavian , Spînu Constantin , Pînzaru Iurie , Isac Maria , Spînu Igor , Guțu Veaceslav , Paraschiv Angela , Suveică Luminița 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Viral hepatitis E is considered to be an important issue for public health in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate morbidity and risk factors in occupationally exposed groups such as people working on sausage production.
Methodology: Seroprevalence of HEV (hepatitis E virus) and risk factors to infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of two groups of populations: people working on sausage production (n = 70) and persons without occupational exposure (people working in the textile industry n = 70) in Moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis E.
Results: The seroprevalence of HEV was 14.3% (CI 95%, 13.1-15.5%) in the group of exposed, compared with no cases in the non-exposed group that indicates on no previous infectious contact with hepatitis E virus.
Conclusions: The increased seroprevalence of HEV among persons with occupational exposure to swine meat suggest animal-to-human transmission of this infection.
Human miscarriage and infection in Tunisia: Role of Mycoplasma hominis and high Waddlia seroprevalence
Authors: Smaoui Mariem , Carole Kebbi , Sellami Hanen , Kammoun Salma , Choura Khaled , Maazoun Leila , Mestiri Houssem , Aeby Sebastien , Louati Doulira , Derbel Mohamed , Chaabene Kais , Hammami Adnene , Greub Gilbert , Znazen Abir 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Miscarriage is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between miscarriage in humans and infections caused by zoonotic bacteria and genital pathogens.
Methodology: Cervicovaginal swabs and placenta samples from 132 women with miscarriage (patient group: PG), and cervicovaginal swabs from 54 women with normal pregnancy (control group:CG), were subjected to bacteriological culture and real time PCRs detecting Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebeae DNA. Serology of C. burnetii, C. trachomatis and W. chondrophila was also performed.
Results: Placenta samples were positive for E. coli, S. agalactiae, U. urealyticum, M. hominis and C. trachomatis in 4.7%, 3.1%, 3.1%, 0.7% and 0.7% of cases, respectively. For cervicovaginal swabs, M. hominis was more frequently detected among PG than CG with a significant statistical difference (p = 0.02). C. trachomatis was detected in 3.3% and 5.5% among PG and CG, respectively. U. urealyticum DNA was detected with high percentages in the two groups. Samples from both groups showed negatives results for C. burnetii, Waddlia, and Brucella qPCRs. A high rate of W. chondrophila seroprevalence (42%) was noted with significant difference among women with early miscarriage.
Conclusions: C. trachomatis, S. agalactiae and M. hominis may play a role in miscarriage. However, the full characterization of the vaginal flora using other technologies such as NGS-based metagenomics is needed to clarify their role in miscarriage. Finally, further investigations should be performed to explain high W. chondrophila seroprevalence.
Global warNing: what we know and what we should know about carabid beetles in high altitude habitats
Authors: Gobbi Mauro 
Published: June 2019

Models that relate species distributions and climate to predict the future geographical range of species in response to forecast climate change have shown that species living at high altitudes are expected to be particularly affected. Presently, the global trend towards a rapid climate warming represents a major concern for high-altitude carabid beetles, specifically for the populations living in glacialised mountain areas.
Most of the high altitude carabid species are endemic and cold-adapted, have low dispersal abilities and present small and/or isolated populations. These threats are triggering an increase of their extinction risk.
Some researchers have demonstrated both local-scale extinctions and upward shift to higher altitudes. A key point is whether the losses determined by climate change could be mitigated by species’ survival in micro-refugium areas.
Traditionally, the current species distribution in climate-limited ecosystems, like those at high altitude, have been described underlining the role of cold-stage refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 22000 years BP). On the other hand, no studies addressed the question if the present-day distribution of cold-adapted mountain species is driven by climate conditions occurring during the past and/or current warm periods.
More recently, the potential role of some ice-related mountain landforms as warm-stage refugia was documented. It suggests that these landforms could be able to promote the long-term survival of cold-adapted species when the surrounding habitats become climatically unfavorable, thus more effort should be done to investigate the ecology these kind of harsh habitats.
Comparison of carabid assemblages in European bison grazed and non-grazed areas – first results
Authors: Schwerk Axel , Klich Daniel 
Published: June 2019

The European bison (Bison bonasus (L.)) is the biggest living wild terrestrial animal in Europe. Because of its grazing feeding type, it has a strong impact on the flora and fauna. In 2017 a study was started with the aim to analyze the impact of European bison grazing on carabid beetle assemblages over the years 2017-2020 in Poland using pitfall traps. The study consists of basically two main experimental parts:

a study on five meadow sites located in Augustowska forest complex (northeastern Poland), and

a study on ten sites (two meadows, eight forests) in two enclosures (southern Poland).

a study on five meadow sites located in Augustowska forest complex (northeastern Poland), and
a study on ten sites (two meadows, eight forests) in two enclosures (southern Poland).
The plots in Augustowska forest complex were studied in 2017, before release of new population (reintroduced in 2018), and will be studied again in 2019 (after two year presence of the new population). The plots in enclosures were studied in 2018.
In the present paper the results from two enclosures will be presented. In the enclosure “Jankowice”, situated in Kobiór forest District (south of Katowice), two meadow sites (one grazed, one non-grazed) and four forest sites (two grazed, two non-grazed) were located. Grazing intensity was about 0.06 individuals per ha. The enclosure “Niepołomice”, situated in Niepołomice Forest District (east of Kraków), had four forest sites (two grazed, two non-grazed). Grazing intensity was about 0.4 individuals per ha.
Altogether, 9615 individuals belonging to 61 species were collected. Correspondence analysis (CA) and Cluster analyses showed that, independently from bison grazing, the meadow sites significantly differed from the forest sites. Regarding the forest sites the enclosures were separated from each other. Bison grazed sites were not separated from non-grazed sites in the enclosure “Jankowice”, but they were separated in the enclosure “Niepołomice”.
Even if habitat type seems to be of major importance, depending on grazing intensity (individuals per ha) bison grazing may have an impact on formation of carabid assemblages, too. However, the preliminary results presented here have to be verified and complemented during the next years of the study.
OpenBiodiv-O Ontology: Bridging the Gap Between Biodiversity Data and Biodiversity Publishing
Authors: Dimitrova Mariya , Senderov Viktor , Simov Kiril , Georgiev Teodor , Penev Lyubomir 
Published: June 2019

Communication of research findings is the last and arguably the most influential step of the scientific process. This is especially true for biodiversity science, in which new species descriptions and introduction of new taxonomic names happens through publication, as governed by the International Codes. Despite the strict rules for naming new taxa and revising existing taxonomic nomenclatures within scholarly literature, there is no system for keeping track of these changes and information often remains locked within the text of thousands of scattered journal articles. This talk presents OpenBiodiv-O, the first ontology which conceptually models the biodiversity publishing domain and through its application in the semantic graph database OpenBiodiv contributes to knowledge management of this domain.
In combination with already existing ontologies for biodiversity and publishing (e.g. DarwinCore-based ontologies, SPAR ontologies), resource types introduced by OpenBiodiv-O help to create a link between these two domains. The ontology models the general structure of a research article, including sections specific to taxonomic articles, such as the treatment section, as well as other conceptual entities from taxonomy, like scientific names and taxonomic concepts. Thus, OpenBiodiv-O links scientific names to the corresponding article section in which they are mentioned via the class Taxonomic Name Usage and helps to discover hidden relationships between names. In addition, OpenBiodiv-O models the article metadata, such as the author names, affiliations and unique identifiers. The orcid class from the recently introduced Datacite ontology within OpenBiodiv-O models the ORCID of authors and will enable the future disambiguation of authors and linking with other platforms using ORCID.
OpenBiodiv-O has been applied to the biodiversity knowledge graph OpenBiodiv, which is based on a Linked Open Dataset, created from Pensoft's journal articles and Plazi's treatments. Publishing of semantically enhanced scholarly literature as XML enables the conversion of semi-structured narrative into connected Resource Description Framework (RDF) statements. The ontology serves as a skeleton for the transformation of more than 729 million statements into a Linked Open Dataset. Reusing of existing ontologies within OpenBiodiv-O helps to establish a link between OpenBiodiv-O and other ontologies and facilitates federated querying between OpenBiodiv and other knowledge graphs. The application of OpenBiodiv-O towards a working solution for the biodiversity publishing domain demonstrates the potential of ontology modelling for data organisation and management.
Utilising the Crowd to Unlock the Data on Herbarium Specimens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: King Sally , Pinon Juliette , Drinkwater Robyn 
Published: June 2019

Digitisation of specimens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has created nearly half a million imaged specimens. With data entry from the specimen labels on herbarium sheets identified as the rate-limiting step in the digitisation workflow, the majority of specimens are databased with minimal data (filing name and geographical region), leaving a need to add further label data (collector, collecting locality, collection date etc.) to make the specimens research ready. We are exploring a number of different ways to complete data entry for specimens that have been imaged. These have included Optical Character Recognition (OCR), to identify meaningful specimen groupings to increase the speed of data entry and more recently citizen science platforms to provide accurate crowd-sourced transcriptions of specimen label data. We sent specimen images of the Australian flowering plants held at RBGE herbarium to DigiVol (https://volunteer.ala.org.au/institution/index/21309224), the citizen science platform developed alongside The Atlas of Living Australia. In 29 expeditions, 156 citizen scientists completed collection label data entry for RBGE’s 41,000 specimens of Australian flowering plants.
We found that 95% of the transcriptions were completed by less than a third (27%) of the volunteers. Of the four volunteer experience levels in DigiVol we found that the middle two, Collection Managers and Scientists, transcribed fewer specimens, but also made fewer mistakes. We found that by removing the filing name from the information provided with the expedition the number of errors in the Museum Details section of the transcription decreased, as the filing name was often added as the label name, regardless of whether this is the case. The feedback we provided for each expedition was used to highlight common errors to try and reduce their occurrence as well as to inform the volunteers of what their transcriptions had revealed about this part of the collection. We explore the citizen science transcription workflow, its rate-limiting steps and how we have worked to include the citizen science and OCR data on our online herbarium catalogue.
ALICE, MALICE and VILE: High throughput insect specimen digitisation using angled imaging techniques
Authors: Dupont Steen , Price Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

The world’s natural history collections contain at least 2 billion specimens (Ariño 2010), representing a unique data source for answering fundamental scientific questions about ecological, evolutionary, and geological processes. Unlocking this treasure trove of data, stored in thousands of museum drawers and cabinets, is crucial to help map a sustainable future for ourselves and the natural systems on which we depend. The rate-limiting steps in the digitisation of natural history collections often involve specimen handling, due to their fragile nature. Insects comprise the single largest collection type in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM) and in many other collections, reflecting their global diversity and multiplicity. The NHM pinned insect collection, estimated at 25 million specimens, will take over 700 person years to digitise at current rates (Price et al. 2018: estimated from Blagoderov et al. 2017).
In order to ramp up digitisation, we have developed ALICE for Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction from pinned insects. This multi-camera setup (Fig. 1) and associated software processing pipeline, enables primary data capture from angled images, without removal of the labels from the specimen pin. As a result ALICE enables a single user to sustainably digitise (add a catalogue label, image and prepare images for database import) over 800 specimens per day (Price et al. 2018), allowing us to digitally unlock large parts of the insect collection (e.g., Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera) at up to seven times the previous rate.
We are continuing to refine hardware approaches to reduce specimen handling and extract data, for both human and machine interpretation, from labels without removing them from the object. More recently we are also trialing multiple mirrors in our Mirror Angled Label Image Capture Equipment (MALICE) (Fig. 2) or a rotating stage for our Vial Image Label Extraction (VILE) (Fig. 3) aimed at spirit-preserved specimens housed in vials. In this talk, we will outline the current approaches in use at the Natural History Museum, next generation prototypes, and challenges that need to be addressed before these techniques can be fully optimized.
Jeunes et engagements au travail
Authors: Béroud Sophie , Dupuy Camille , Kahmann Marcus , Yon Karel 
Published: June 2019

Les jeunes continuent à s’engager mais, parmi leurs engagements, le syndicalisme et la représentation du personnel sont peu répandus. À partir d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative sur les trajectoires d’engagement et d’apprentissage de l’activité syndicale des jeunes travailleurs, nous rendons compte des facteurs et des processus qui conduisent les jeunes à peu se rapprocher des syndicats. Nous remettons en cause l’idée reçue d’un désamour de la jeune génération envers les organisations syndicales pour montrer au contraire que les jeunes croient encore à l’action collective au travail mais sont pour partie « empêchés » d’y prendre part. Nous montrons alors quelles sont les conditions requises pour qu’un jeune travailleur franchisse ce cap en dessinant trois figures type du jeune engagé au travail.
Un contrat singulier avec l’armée
Authors: Milia Marie-Luce Monique 
Published: June 2019

Cet article analyse un dispositif spécifique à l’outre-mer, le service militaire adapté, qui allie depuis les années 1960 formations militaire et professionnelle, et s’insère depuis la suspension du service national dans les politiques publiques de soutien à l’activité des jeunes âgés de 18 à 25 ans peu ou pas qualifiés. Il montre le « choix », aussi bien de garçons que de filles, de devenir volontaires au régiment du service miliaire adapté de la Martinique (RSMA-M), ce qui fait d’eux des militaires au statut singulier. Il interroge les stratégies personnelles, mais aussi une institution très présente dans l’espace public présentée et perçue comme un moyen efficace de réaliser son insertion socioprofessionnelle sur la base du savoir-être et du savoir-faire.
Skint8, a Novel B7 Family–Related Molecule, Negatively Regulates T Cell Responses
Authors: Lin Yujun , Cui Cheng , Su Min , Tian Xiaohong , Huang Yuanmao , Zhao Jin , Lai Laijun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Immune responses are tightly controlled by T cell costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules. In this study, we identify Skint8 as a new member of the T cell coinhibitory group, whose extracellular domains share significant homology with existing B7 family members. Skint8 mRNA is expressed in resting and activated B cells, monocytes, and CD4 T cells. The Skint8 putative receptor is expressed on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells. Recombinant Skint8–IgG Fc fusion protein inhibits T cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine production in vitro. In vivo administration of Skint8–IgG Fc reduces T cell activation and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. The findings broaden our understanding of the regulation of immune responses and may have implications for treating immune-related diseases.
TRAILshort Protects against CD4 T Cell Death during Acute HIV Infection
Authors: Natesampillai Sekar , Paim Ana C. , Cummins Nathan W. , Chandrasekar Aswath P. , Bren Gary D. , Lewin Sharon R. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Badley Andrew D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
CD4 T cells from HIV-1 infected patients die at excessive rates compared to those from uninfected patients, causing immunodeficiency. We previously identified a dominant negative ligand that antagonizes the TRAIL-dependent pathway of cell death, which we called TRAILshort. Because the TRAIL pathway has been implicated in CD4 T cell death occurring during HIV-1 infection, we used short hairpin RNA knockdown, CRISPR deletion, or Abs specific for TRAILshort to determine the effect of inhibiting TRAILshort on the outcome of experimental acute HIV infection in vitro. Strikingly, all three approaches to TRAILshort deletion/inhibition enhanced HIV-induced death of both infected and uninfected human CD4 T cells. Thus, TRAILshort impacts T cell dynamics during HIV infection, and inhibiting TRAILshort causes more HIV-infected and uninfected bystander cells to die. TRAILshort is, therefore, a host-derived, host-adaptive mechanism to limit the effects of TRAIL-induced cell death. Further studies on the effects of TRAILshort in other disease states are warranted.
Social media surveillance: A personality-driven behaviour model
Authors: Van der Schyff Karl , Flowerday Stephen 
Published: June 2019

Background: The use of third-party Facebook apps have become a common occurrence. However, this leads to problems such as information misuse, because many Facebook apps are able to build accurate behavioural and usage profiles which users are unaware of.Objectives: The aim of this article was to develop a research model that could be used to evaluate the influence of awareness and personality on the intent to use third-party Facebook apps.Method: In this article, we took a qualitative approach to code awareness and personality related literature using Atlas.ti software. After reviewing the codes, propositions were created and integrated into an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Results: The study found that it is likely that individuals’ personality type will influence their intent to use third-party Facebook apps. It also found evidence to suggest that awareness of social media surveillance will influence a user’s intent to use third-party Facebook apps. Based on the review, the article proposes the use of an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by incorporating information security awareness of social media surveillance.Conclusion: Although social media surveillance is commonplace, much of it is conducted for commercial purposes without users being aware thereof. This article concludes that it is possible to determine a Facebook user’s susceptibility to social media surveillance via third-party apps by evaluating the combined influence of personality type and awareness.
The future of physiotherapy in South Africa
Authors: Frantz J. , Cloete P. , Heynes A. , Steenberg A. 
Published: June 2019

A brain drain in the physiotherapy profession is a cause of major concern currently among physiotherapists in South Africa. The main aim of this study was to determine the future plans of 2nd to 4th year physiotherapy students registered at the three academic institutions in the Western Cape for the 1999 academic year. It also aimed at determining the reasons why graduates chose to stay or leave South Africa. The results of the study show that an overwhelming majority (86%) of the respondents considered leaving South Africa following graduation. The reasons listed for leaving included gaining experience, financial gain and job availability. It is hoped that the results of this study will stimulate relevant role players to investigate means of persuading our graduates to stay and work in the country.