bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Antimicrobial Capability of Magnetically Oriented Graphene Oxide Conjugated with Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Zheng Kaiyuan , Li Kerui , Chang Ting‐Hsiang , Xie Jianping , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBacterial resistance toward antibiotics has been a worldwide threat; one way to fight against the resistance is to develop a multimechanism antibacterial agent to achieve synergistic performance. Graphene oxide (GO) is an emerging antibacterial agent combining multiple mechanisms (physical insertion and chemical disruption), and its rich functional groups enable the complexation/conjugation of nanomaterials to further improve antibacterial performance. Herein, a synergistic antimicrobial agent is established through the assembly of paramagnetic holmium ions and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) onto GO nanosheets. The assembled nanosheets can be vertically aligned under weak and practical magnetic fields (<0.5 T  ), providing high‐density sharp edges with preferential orientation to effectively pierce the bacterial membrane. Also, the conjugated AuNCs are efficiently delivered into bacteria to induce high oxidative stress, which strongly disturbs bacterial metabolism, leading to the death of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The antibacterial agent uses both physical (via oriented GO) and chemical (via GO and AuNCs) mechanisms to achieve synergistic antimicrobial performance with low IC50 values of 9.8 µg mL−1 on the basis of GO and 0.39 × 10−6 m on the basis of AuNCs. This multicomponent agent with dual antimicrobial mechanisms is expected to be a promising multifunctional‐antimicrobial agent with high biosafety.
Thermal Properties of Lipid Bilayers Determined Using Upconversion Nanothermometry
Authors: Bastos Ana R. N. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Rojas‐Gutierrez Paola A. , DeWolf Christine , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Capobianco John A. , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLuminescent nanomaterials have shown promise for thermal sensing in bio‐applications, yet little is known of the role of organic coatings such as supported lipid bilayers on the thermal conductivity between the nanomaterial and its environment. Additionally, since the supported lipid bilayer mimics the cell membrane, its thermal properties are fundamentally important to understand the spatial variations of temperature and heat transfer across membranes. Herein, a new approach is described that enables direct measurement of these thermal properties using a LiYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticle encapsulated within a conformal supported lipid bilayer and dispersed in water as a temperature probe yielding the temperature gradient across the bilayer. The thermal conductivity of the lipid bilayer is measured as a function of the temperature, being 0.20 ± 0.02 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K. For the uncapped nanoparticles dispersed in water, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is also measured in the 300–314 K range as [0.63–0.69] ± 0.11 W m−1 K−1. Using a lumped elements model, the directional heat transfer is calculated at each of the system interfaces, namely, nanoparticle–bilayer and bilayer–nanofluid, opening a new avenue to understand the membrane biophysical properties as well as the thermal properties of organic and polymer coatings.
Biomaterials for Personalized Cell Therapy
Authors: Facklam Amanda L. , Volpatti Lisa R. , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCell therapy has already had an important impact on healthcare and provided new treatments for previously intractable diseases. Notable examples include mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration, islet transplantation for diabetes treatment, and T cell delivery for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials have the potential to extend the therapeutic impact of cell therapies by serving as carriers that provide 3D organization and support cell viability and function. With the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, cell therapies hold great potential for their ability to sense and respond to the biology of an individual patient. These therapies can be further personalized through the use of patient‐specific cells or with precision biomaterials to guide cellular activity in response to the needs of each patient. Here, the role of biomaterials for applications in tissue regeneration, therapeutic protein delivery, and cancer immunotherapy is reviewed, with a focus on progress in engineering material properties and functionalities for personalized cell therapies.
Water Oxidation Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Ye Sheng , Ding Chunmei , Liu Mingyao , Wang Aoqi , Huang Qinge , Li Can 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWater oxidation is the primary reaction of both natural and artificial photosynthesis. Developing active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is the key to constructing efficient artificial photosynthesis systems, but it is still facing enormous challenges in both fundamental and applied aspects. Here, the recent developments in molecular catalysts and heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts are reviewed with special emphasis on biomimetic catalysts and the integration of WOCs into artificial photosystems. The highly efficient artificial photosynthesis depends largely on active WOCs integrated into light harvesting materials via rational interface engineering based on in‐depth understanding of charge dynamics and the reaction mechanism.
Recent Advances in 1D Stretchable Electrodes and Devices for Textile and Wearable Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications
Authors: Lee Jaehong , Llerena Zambrano Byron , Woo Janghoon , Yoon Kukro , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch on wearable electronic devices that can be directly integrated into daily textiles or clothes has been explosively grown holding great potential for various practical wearable applications. These wearable electronic devices strongly demand 1D electronic devices that are light–weight, weavable, highly flexible, stretchable, and adaptable to comport to frequent deformations during usage in daily life. To this end, the development of 1D electrodes with high stretchability and electrical performance is fundamentally essential. Herein, the recent process of 1D stretchable electrodes for wearable and textile electronics is described, focusing on representative conductive materials, fabrication techniques for 1D stretchable electrodes with high performance, and designs and applications of various 1D stretchable electronic devices. To conclude, discussions are presented regarding limitations and perspectives of current materials and devices in terms of performance and scientific understanding that should be considered for further advances.
A Highly Responsive Organic Image Sensor Based on a Two‐Terminal Organic Photodetector with Photomultiplication
Authors: Wu Yi‐Lin , Fukuda Kenjiro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHighly responsive organic image sensors are crucial for medical imaging applications. To enhance the pixelwise photoresponse in an organic image sensor, the integration of an organic photodetector with amplifiers, or the use of a highly responsive organic photodetector without an additional amplifying component, is required. The use of vertically stacked, two‐terminal organic photodetectors with photomultiplication is a promising approach for highly responsive organic image sensors owing to their simple two‐terminal structure and intrinsically large responsivity. However, there are no demonstrations of an imaging sensor array using organic photomultiplication photodetectors. The main obstacle to a sensor array is the weak‐light sensitivity, which is limited by a relatively large dark current. Herein, a highly responsive organic image sensor based on monolithic, vertically stacked two‐terminal pixels is presented. This is achieved using pixels of a vertically stacked diode‐type organic photodetector with photomultiplication. Furthermore, applying an optimized injection electrode and additionally stacked rectifying layers, this two‐terminal device simultaneously demonstrates a high responsivity (>40 A W−1), low dark current, and high rectification under illumination. An organic image sensor based on this device with an extremely simple architecture exhibits a high pixel photoresponse, demonstrating a weak‐light imaging capability even at 1 µW cm−2.
Highly Stable and Efficient FASnI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Introducing Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Meng Xiangyue , Lin Jianbo , Liu Xiao , He Xin , Wang Yong , Noda Takeshi , Wu Tianhao , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTin‐based perovskites with narrow bandgaps and high charge‐carrier mobilities are promising candidates for the preparation of efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the crystalline rate of tin‐based perovskites is much faster, leading to abundant trap states and much lower open‐circuit voltage (Voc). Here, hydrogen bonding is introduced to retard the crystalline rate of the FASnI3 perovskite. By adding poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), the OH…I− hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and FASnI3 have the effects of introducing nucleation sites, slowing down the crystal growth, directing the crystal orientation, reducing the trap states, and suppressing the migration of the iodide ions. In the presence of the PVA additive, the FASnI3–PVA PSCs attain higher power conversion efficiency of 8.9% under a reverse scan with significantly improved Voc from 0.55 to 0.63 V, which is one of the highest Voc values for FASnI3‐based PSCs. More importantly, the FASnI3–PVA PSCs exhibit striking long‐term stability, with no decay in efficiency after 400 h of operation at the maximum power point. This approach, which makes use of the OH…I− hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and FASnI3, is generally applicable for improving the efficiency and stability of the FASnI3‐based PSCs.
Stimulating Oxide Heterostructures: A Review on Controlling SrTiO3‐Based Heterointerfaces with External Stimuli
Authors: Christensen Dennis Valbjørn , Trier Felix , Niu Wei , Gan Yulin , Zhang Yu , Jespersen Thomas Sand , Chen Yunzhong , Pryds Nini 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerous of the greatest inventions in modern society, such as solar cells, display panels, and transistors, rely on a simple concept: An external stimulus is applied to a material and the response is then utilized. Oxides often exhibit a colorful palette of responses to external stimuli due to the close coupling between lattice, spin, orbital, and charge degrees of freedom. In particular, oxide heterostructures where oxide thin films are deposited on SrTiO3 have proven to be a fertile playground for material scientists, and a vast amount of interesting theoretical and experimental studies showcase the wide tunabilities of these heterostructures when subjected to external stimuli. Here, the authors review how the properties of SrTiO3‐based heterostructures can be changed by external stimuli using electric fields, magnetic fields, light, stress, particle bombardment, liquids, gases, and temperature. The application of a single stimulus or several stimuli combined often leads to unexpected changes in properties which can open up for designing new devices as well as expanding the boundaries of our understanding within fundamental science.
Interface Stress for Bidirectional Frequency Tuning of Prebuckled Vanadium Dioxide MEMS Resonators
Authors: Cao Yunqi , Sepúlveda Nelson 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterface stress between structural materials and thin film coatings has a significant influence on the resonant frequency of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators. In this work, the axial stress on different types of buckled bridge MEMS resonator structures is controlled through the solid‐to‐solid phase transition of a VO2 thin film coating. The devices have identical dimensions, but different buckling orientations and profiles due to the combined effect of overetching and residual thermal stress mismatch. Thermal actuation is used to tune the resonant frequency of the device, but the changes in frequency are found to be dependent on the type of buckling for the device. Thermal actuation is achieved by applying an electrical current to integrated heaters, or by uniform substrate heating. Bidirectional tunability is found when substrate heating is used, while Joule heating shows a monotonic change in frequency. This phenomenon can be attributed to the transition in boundary conditions, where the turning points are indicated by the prominent changes in buckling amplitude. In addition, devices with opposite buckling orientations exhibit different tuning behaviors which can be explained by different bending moments induced by beam stress interface modification.
Intrinsic Strong Linear Dichroism of Multilayered 2D Hybrid Perovskite Crystals toward Highly Polarized‐Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Liu Yi , Wu Zhenyue , Liu Xitao , Han Shiguo , Li Yaobin , Yang Tao , Ma Yu , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLinear dichroism of 2D materials is brought into practical operation of polarized light detection; currently, organic–inorganic 2D hybrid perovskites with the linear dichroic nature offers immense potentials within this portfolio. Here, a newly tailored 2D hybrid perovskite, (iBA)2(MA)Pb2I7 (1, where MA+ is methylammonium and iBA+ is n‐isobutylammonium) is investigated, adopting a highly anisotropic bilayered perovskite motif that results in strong crystallographic‐dependence of linear dichroism. Both the absorption spectra (300–650 nm) and polarized‐sensitive activities of 1 exhibit the distinctive anisotropic characteristics. Consequently, based on this intrinsic linear dichroism, crystal‐based photodetectors of 1 show remarkable polarized‐light detecting behaviors, including quite fast response time (≈300 µs), notable photocurrent on/off ratio (>103) and large dichroic ratios (Ipb/Ipc ≈ 1.20 at 520 nm, 1.23 at 637 nm). Such figure‐of‐merits are comparable to those of the conventional GeSe nanoflakes (the linearly dichroic ratio of ≈1.09 at 532 nm), revealing the great potentials of 1 for the future polarized photodetection. As an innovative work, the intrinsic anisotropy and prominent linear dichroism of 1, together with the structural flexibility, opens up a promising avenue for exploring new candidates for the 2D polarized optoelectronic applications.
Periodic Oxaliplatin Administration in Synergy with PER2‐Mediated PCNA Transcription Repression Promotes Chronochemotherapeutic Efficacy of OSCC
Authors: Tang Qingming , Xie Mengru , Yu Shaoling , Zhou Xin , Xie Yanling , Chen Guangjin , Guo Fengyuan , Chen Lili 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeveloping chemotherapeutic resistance affects clinical outcomes of oxaliplatin treatment on various types of cancer. Thus, it is imperative to explore alternative therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of oxaliplatin. Here, it is shown that circadian regulator period 2 (PER2) can potentiate the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and boost cell apoptosis by inhibiting DNA adducts repair in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The circadian timing system is closely involved in controling the activity of DNA adducts repair and gives it a 24 h rhythm. The mechanistic dissection clarifies that PER2 can periodically suppress proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) transcription by pulling down circadian locomotor output cycles kaput–brain and muscle arnt‐like 1 heterodimer from PCNA promoter in a CRY1/2‐dependent manner, which subsequently impedes oxaliplatin‐induced DNA adducts repair. Similarly, PER2 is capable of improving the efficacy of classical DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutic agents. The tumor‐bearing mouse model displays PER2 can be deployed as an oxaliplatin administration timing biomarker. In summary, it is believed that the chronochemotherapeutic strategy matching PER2 expression rhythm can efficiently improve the oxaliplatin efficacy of OSCC.
Omnidirectional Strain‐Independent Organic Transistors Integrated onto an Elastomer Template with a Spontaneously Formed Fingerprint‐Mimicking Microtopography
Authors: Choi Giheon , Baek Seolhee , Oh Seungtaek , Cho Hyewon , Yoo Heemang , Choi Yoonseuk , Choi Hyun Ho , Lee Hwa Sung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere, a stretchable organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) that exhibits constant electrical performance irrespective of the strain direction is demonstrated. The device is integrated onto an elastomer template with randomly oriented wrinkles on its surface; these wrinkles are spontaneously formed because of the differences in the thermal–mechanical properties of the plastic layer and the underlying elastomer. To achieve this microtopography, a relatively hard polymer, Parylene C, is ad‐deposited onto an elastomer blended with polydimethylsiloxane and Ecoflex, resulting in PD‐flex. Consequently, this microtopography offers stable device operations of a dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f  ]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene OFET array under 5% elongation irrespective of strain direction. Furthermore, the electrical performance is highly stable during 10 000 cycles of uniaxial strain, as verified by negligible modulation of the device's field‐effect mobility, threshold voltage, and drain‐current maximum. This approach allows nonstretchable device components to be relevant to stretchable electronics. More importantly, it is highly compatible to device alignment and provides stability under various kinds of mechanical deformations.
Single‐Step Spray Printing of Symmetric All‐Organic Solid‐State Batteries Based on Porous Textile Dye Electrodes
Authors: Leung Puiki , Bu Junfu , Quijano Velasco Pablo , Roberts Matthew R. , Grobert Nicole , Grant Patrick S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA symmetric solid‐state battery based on organic porous electrodes is fabricated using scalable spray‐printing. The active electrode material is based on a textile dye (disperse blue 134 anthraquinone) and is capable of forming divalent cations and anions in oxidation and reduction processes. The resulting molecule can be used in both negative and positive electrode reactions. After spray printing an inter‐connected pore honeycomb electrode, a solid‐state electrolyte (σLi: × 10−4 S cm−1) based on a polymeric ionic liquid is spray‐printed as a second layer and infiltrated through the porous electrodes. A symmetric all‐organic battery is then formed with the addition of another identical set of electrode and electrolyte layers. Both density functional theory calculations and charge‐discharge profiles show that the potentials for the negative and positive electrode reactions are amongst the lowest (≈2.0 V vs Li) and the highest (≈3.5 V vs Li), respectively, for quinone‐type molecules. Over the C‐rate range 0.2 to 5 C, the battery has a discharge cell voltage of more than 1 V even up to 250 charge‐discharge cycles and capacities are in the range 50–80 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C.
Rechargeable Iron–Sulfur Battery without Polysulfide Shuttling
Authors: Wu Xianyong , Markir Aaron , Xu Yunkai , Hu Edward C. , Dai Kevin T. , Zhang Chong , Shin Woochul , Leonard Daniel P. , Kim Keun‐il , Ji Xiulei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSulfur represents one of the most promising cathode materials for next‐generation batteries; however, the widely observed polysulfide dissolution/shuttling phenomenon in metal–sulfur redox chemistries has severely restricted their applications. Here it is demonstrated that when pairing the sulfur electrode with the iron metal anode, the inherent insolubility of iron sulfides renders the shuttling‐free nature of the Fe–S electrochemical reactions. Consequently, the sulfur electrode exhibits promising performance for Fe2+ storage, where a high capacity of ≈1050 mAh g−1, low polarization of ≈0.16 V as well as stable cycling of 150 cycles are realized. The Fe–S redox mechanism is further revealed as an intriguing stepwise conversion of S8 ↔ FeS2 ↔ Fe3S4 ↔ FeS, where a low volume expansion of ≈32.6% and all‐solid‐state phase transitions facilitate the reaction reversibility. This study suggests an alternative direction to exploit sulfur electrodes in rechargeable transition metal–sulfur batteries.
Zeolite catalytic synthesis of high‐performance jet‐fuel‐range spiro‐fuel by one‐pot Mannich–Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Pan Lun , Xie Junjian , Nie Genkuo , Li Zheng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA one‐pot Mannich–Diels–Alder reaction was developed for synthesis of high‐performance jet‐fuel‐range spirocycloalkane with an overall yield of 71.6% from biomass and petroleum derived cyclopentanone, formaldehyde, and cyclopentadiene. HZSM‐5 zeolite with Si/Al molar ratio of 130 exhibits much higher catalytic activity, along with good recycling ability. Over it, a high selectivity (81.6%) and yield (80.9%) of target adduct is achieved with almost complete conversion of cyclopentanone, attributed to the synergy effect of appropriate ratio of Lewis to Brønsted acid sites and mass transfer effect of porous zeolite. More importantly, after hydrodeoxygenation, the resultant spirocycloalkane has much higher density and volumetric neat heat of combustion (0.952 g·ml−1, 40.18 MJ L−1) than the wildly used JP‐10 fuel (0.936 g ml−1, 39.41 MJ L−1). This work provides a promising route to produce high‐performance jet‐fuel‐range hydrocarbons through co‐conversion of biomass and petroleum derivatives.
Comparison of two low‐hazard organic solvents as individual and cosolvents for the fabrication of polysulfone membranes
Authors: Dong Xiaobo , Shannon Halle D. , Parker Caleb , De Jesus Samantha , Escobar Isabel C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPetroleum‐derived solvents commonly used in membrane fabrication are often hazardous and toxic, so the investigation of safer alternatives is important. In this study, two low‐hazard solvents, methyl 5‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxopentanoate (Rhodiasolv® PolarClean) and gamma‐valerolactone (GVL), were investigated as sole solvents and as cosolvents to cast polysulfone membranes via nonsolvent induced phase inversion. Normalized viscosity was introduced as an indicator of dope solution homogeneity and was used to compare the required time of mixing to achieve full dissolution of the polymer in the different solvents/solvent mixtures. All dope solutions made with low‐hazard solvents were found to be more viscous than those made with traditional solvents, which meant additional mixing time was needed, and that fabricated membranes were morphologically different. With respect to operation, membranes cast from dope solutions containing equal amounts of PolarClean and GVL displayed the most similar flux curves and solute rejection to those made using the traditional solvent tested.
Impact of surface loading on catalytic activity of regular and low micropore SBA‐15 in the Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Kane Ashwin , Deshpande Nitish , Brunelli Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe mesopores of SBA‐15 are well‐suited for immobilizing catalytic aminosilanes for converting substrates for fine chemicals, but these materials have micropores that could impact the observed reaction rate of immobilized catalysts. Materials are synthesized with conventional methods that produce micropores (Regular Micropore SBA‐15; REG) and compared to materials with limited to no micropore volume (NMP SBA‐15). These materials are functionalized with aminosilanes for testing in the Knoevenagel condensation. For low amine loadings, NMP materials have a higher observed reaction rate compared to REG materials, achieving twice the conversion in the same time. As the surface density increases, the reaction rate for NMP materials decreases since organosilane functionalization consumes surface silanols that interact cooperatively with the amine. Regardless of surface density, the NMP materials have higher observed reaction rate than the REG materials. These results demonstrate the importance of reducing micropore volume to create highly active catalytic materials.