bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of patients with cancer who die by suicide: Coronial case series in an Australian state
Authors: Dwyer Justin , Dwyer Jeremy , Hiscock Richard , O'Callaghan Clare , Taylor Keryn , Ross Margaret , Bugeja Lyndal , Philip Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveSuicide rates are elevated in epidemiological studies, but extrapolating population level data to the individual patient cancer is difficult, and there is a dearth of studies examining how suicidality might be linked to the cancer experience. We examine the cancer‐suicide correlates to explore clinical implications and future research directions.MethodWe used a novel database to examine all suicide deaths reported to the Coroners Court of Victoria between 2009 and 2013 in individuals with active, diagnosed cancer. Cases were classified in relation to whether cancer had been a probable, possible, or unlikely influence on suicidal ideation. Sociodemographic, clinical, health service contacts, and suicide method data were analysed to describe the characteristics of individuals with cancer at the time of their suicide.ResultsThere were 2870 suicide deaths, and 118 cases met inclusion criteria. Clinically distinct patient subgroups emerged through a contrast between those cases where the data suggested a correlate between cancer and suicide, and those where the data did not. The former group had many more cancer‐related health problems than the latter group, who had a higher burden of psychiatric illness that predated their cancer diagnosis. The intent to suicide was known to most clinicians.ConclusionsAll clinicians working with cancer patients should be prepared to explore suicidal ideation. Understanding how the patient conceptualises suicidality with respect to cancer experience and mental health may be of central importance in determining whether mental health care is best provided as part of cancer care, or through a separate mental health service.
Chest wall mesenchymal hamartoma in an infant: Evaluation with electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Jardine Luke , Chen Julie , Hough Judith L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall is a rare benign nonneoplastic lesion of infancy arising from chondro‐osseous tissue. Although its natural history suggests spontaneous regression, we describe a fatal case in a neonate with significant respiratory compromise. We explored the use of electrical impedance tomography to evaluate the dynamic impact of such space occupying lesions on a ventilated infant.
Antibacterial Properties of Charged TiN Surfaces for Dental Implant Application
Authors: Carey Patrick H. , Ren Fan , Jia Ziqi , Batich Christopher D , Camargo Samira E. A. , Clark Arthur E. , Craciun Valentin , Neal Daniel W. , Esquivel‐Upshaw Josephine F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe formation and characterization of positively surface charged TiN surfaces were investigated for improving dental implant survival. Surface nitrogen atoms of a traditional TiN implant were converted to a positive charge by a quaternization reaction which greatly increased the antibacterial efficiency. Ti, TiN, and quaternized TiN samples were incubated with human patient subgingival bacteria for 4 hours at 37 °C in an anaerobic environment with an approximate 40% reduction in counts on the quaternized surface over traditional Ti and TiN. The samples were challenged with Streptococcus Mutans and fluorescent imaging confirmed significant reduction in the quaternized TiN over the traditional Ti and TiN. Contact angle measurement and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to confirm the surface chemistry changes. The XPS results found the charged quaternized nitrogen peak at 399.75 eV that is unique to the quaternized sample.
Chemo‐Selective Synthesis of Tetrazole‐Containing Cyclopentenyl Phosphanylidene Dicarboxylates
Authors: Ektefai Zahra , Marandi Ghasem , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Zamani Asghar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA chemo‐selective clean reaction between triphenylphosphine (TPP) and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (DAAD) in the presence of synthesized alkyl 3‐phenyl‐2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)acrylates for generation of the 3‐alkyl 1‐alkyl 4‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐3‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐5‐(triphenyl‐λ5‐phosphanylidene)cyclopent‐1‐ene‐1,3‐dicarboxylates is described.
Immobilization of Recombinant Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase on Ordered Mesoporous Matrices for Xylooligosaccharides Production
Authors: Shivudu Godhulayyagari , Khan Sourav , Chandraraj Krishnan , Selvam Parasuraman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractXylooligosaccharides (XOS) are emerging prebiotics, widely used in food, medicine and health care. XOS are produced by hydrolysis of xylan by acid or endoxylanase enzyme. Xylanase hydrolysis is preferred over acid due to its high specificity and absence of formation of non‐toxic byproducts. Immobilized xylanase improves enzyme‐stability and efficacy of XOS production through its repeated use. Though there are a few xylanases immobilized on conventional organic polymers for XOS production, immobilization of xylanse on mesoporous inorganic materials have not been investigated for XOS production. In this study, the recombinant endo‐1, 4‐β‐D‐xylanase (XynC) of B.subtilis KCX006 was purified and immobilized on ordered mesoporous matrices of carbon (CMK‐3), silica (SBA‐15) and zirconia (ZMF‐127). The immobilized‐XynC was characterized and used for XOS production by recycling. The recovered activity (RA) of immobilized‐XynC varied between 55 to 84%. The maximum RA was observed for XynC immobilized on ZMF‐127 matrix. All immobilized‐XynC had optimum pH similar to that of free‐XynC. But all immobilized‐XynC gained broader temperature range (50‐65°C) for optimal catalytic activity when compared with the free‐XynC. Immobilization of XynC resulted in higher Km due to substrate diffusion limit. All immobilized‐XynC produced free‐XOS of DP 2–6 (X2‐X6) and substituted‐XOS from beechwood xylan and extracted crude xylans from sorghum stalks and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The XynC immobilized on SBA‐15 produced higher proportions of X2‐X6 compared to ZMF‐127 and CMK‐3. The XynC immobilized on SBA‐15 and CMK‐3 retained higher activity of 85–93% after four batches of repeated use. The observed efficiency of XynC immobilized on CMK‐3 and SBA‐15 are higher than the reported values. The results showed that XynC immobilized on mesoporous carbon and silica matrices would be useful for production of XOS by enzyme recycling.
Free‐standing Reduced Graphene Oxide/MoO3‐x Composite Film with High Performance for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Ms. Le , Zhao Shi‐Xi , Wang Yi‐Feng , Wu Qi‐long , Zheng Ms. Xiao‐Xiao , Wei Guodan , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor the fabrication of flexible supercapacitors, the biggest challenge is still the preparation of flexible electrodes with both high gravimetric and areal specific capacitances. Herein, we have successfully designed a novel rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/MoO3‐x composite film electrodes for high‐performance flexible supercapacitor. The as‐prepared electrodes exhibit a galvanostatic capacitance of 1374 F⋅g−1 and an area specific capacitance as high as 21300 mF⋅cm−2 at 0.1 A⋅g−1, which have been significantly larger compared with most recent reports. Meanwhile, the rGO/MoO3‐x composite electrodes have remarkable flexibility and solid mechanical strength. This composite film could be easily folded into various shapes, and then could recover its original appearance without any crease. Excellent cycle stability has also been validated with nearly 100% capacitance retention even after 30,000 cycles. The electrochemical performance of rGO/MoO3‐x composite films remain surprisingly stable even after continuous U‐shape bending up to 10,000 times. Moreover, flexible all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors were successfully fabricated with PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)‐H2SO4 gel electrolyte. Our strategy provides a convenient and versatile method for designing new flexible electrode for energy storage devices and is promising for portable and wearable electronics.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Pyrimidyl N‐Ciprofloxacin Derivatives
Authors: Mokaber‐Esfahani Majid , Eshghi Hossein , Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Mirzaie Yahya , Hakimi Mohammad , Lari Jalil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, nucleophilic substitution reaction of pyrimidine derivatives on piperazine in ciprofloxacin resulted in the formation of new pyrimidyl N‐ciprofloxacines. These compounds were prepared at room temperature, at conventional heating and under microwave irradiation conditions. Results indicated microwave condition as a green approach in comparison with room temperature and at conventional heating condition leads to higher yields and very short reaction times. 1H, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, Mass spectroscopy and CHN analysis were used to characterize all the synthesized products. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of these new compounds against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria was investigated and showed more activities for two new N‐ciprofloxacin derivatives than ciprofloxacin.
Sulfoacetate Modified Silica Supported Indium(III) Triflate [SiSAIn(OTf)2]: A Novel Solid Acid Nano‐Catalyst And Investigation of Its Catalytic Potential for One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Vaid Rupali , Gupta Monika , Kour Gurpreet , Gupta Vivek K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSulfoacetate modified silica supported Indium(III) triflate [SiSAIn(OTf)2], a novel solid acid catalyst was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as TEM, SAED, SEM, TGA and FTIR. The synthesized catalyst has proved its catalytic potential for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives by the reaction among various substituted aromatic aldehydes, benzil, substituted aromatic amines and ammonium acetate. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and mass spectroscopy. Among the various synthesized derivatives, 1,2,4,5‐tetraphenyl‐1H‐imidazole (C27H20N2) derivative was grown into good crystalline form and crystallizes in the triclinic space group P‐1 with the unit‐cell parameters: a= 9.9395(7), b= 10.0204(8), c= 20.8332(16) Å, α=80.791(7), β=82.138(6), γ= 82.878(7)° and Z=4. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data collected at room‐ temperature and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares procedures to a final R‐value of 0.0516 for 3111 observed reflections.
Efficient Preparation of Alkyl Benzoates by Heteropolyacid‐Catalysed Esterification of Benzoic Acid under Solvent‐Free Condition
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh , Rahman Anoosha , Bhat Navya Subray , Onkarappa Sharath Bandibairanahalli , Mal Sib Sankar , Dutta Saikat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study reports a high‐yielding, solvent‐free, and scalable synthesis of alkyl benzoates from benzoic acid and its derivatives using heteropolyacids (HPA) as efficient and recyclable acid catalysts. The alkyl benzoates were obtained in excellent isolated yields (>85%) within 4 h at 120 °C using 1.5 equivalent of the alcohol reagent and only 0.4 mol% of the phosphotungstic acid (PTA) catalyst. The PTA catalyst was conveniently recovered and reused for three consecutive cycles without significant loss in mass or activity.
Highly Enhanced Pseudocapacitive Performance of Vanadium‐Doped MXenes in Neutral Electrolytes
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Wen , Zheng Weiran , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene) is recognized as a promising material for pseudocapacitor electrodes in acidic solutions, while the current studies in neutral electrolytes show much poorer performances. By a simple hydrothermal method, vanadium‐doped Ti3C2Tx 2D nanosheets are prepared to tune the interaction between MXene and alkali metal adsorbates (Li+, Na+, and K+) in the neutral electrolyte. Maintaining the 2D morphology of MXene, the coexisting V3+ and V4+ are confirmed to form surface V–C and V–O species. At a medium doping level of V:Ti = 0.17:1, the V‐doped MXene exhibits the highest capacitance of 365.9 F g−1 in 2 m KCl (10 mV s−1) and excellent stability (5% loss after 5000 cycles), compared to only 115.7 F g−1 of pristine MXene. Density functional theory calculations reveal the stronger alkali metal ion–O interaction on V‐doped MXene surface than unmodified MXene and a further capacitance boost to 404.9 F g−1 using Li+‐containing neutral electrolyte is reported, which is comparable to the performance under acidic conditions.
Atypical cyclins: the extended family portrait
Authors: Quandt Eva , Ribeiro Mariana P. C. , Clotet Josep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegulation of cell division is orchestrated by cyclins, which bind and activate their catalytic workmates, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins have been traditionally defined by an oscillating (cyclic) pattern of expression and by the presence of a characteristic “cyclin box” that determines binding to the CDKs. Noteworthy, the Human Genome Sequence Project unveiled the existence of several other proteins containing the “cyclin box” domain. These potential “cyclins” have been named new, orphan or atypical, creating a conundrum in cyclins nomenclature. Moreover, although many years have passed after their discovery, the scarcity of information regarding these possible members of the family has hampered the establishment of criteria for systematization. Here, we discuss the criteria that define cyclins and we propose a classification and nomenclature update based on structural features, interactors, and phylogenetic information. The application of these criteria allows to systematically define, for the first time, the subfamily of atypical cyclins and enables the use of a common nomenclature for this extended family.
A Systematic Review of Opt‐out Versus Opt‐in Consent on Deceased Organ Donation and Transplantation (2006–2016)
Authors: Ahmad M. Usman , Hanna Afif , Mohamed Ahmed‐Zayn , Schlindwein Alex , Pley Caitlin , Bahner Ingrid , Mhaskar Rahul , Pettigrew Gavin J. , Jarmi Tambi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSignificant numbers of patients in the USA and UK die while waiting for solid organ transplant. Only 1–2% of deaths are eligible as donors with a fraction of the deceased donating organs. The form of consent to donation may affect the organs available. Forms of consent include: opt‐in, mandated choice, opt‐out, and organ conscription. Opt‐in and opt‐out are commonly practiced. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of opt‐in versus opt‐out consent on the deceased donation rate (DDR) and deceased transplantation rate (DTR).MethodsLiterature searches of PubMed and EMBASE between 2006 and 2016 were performed. Research studies were selected based on certain inclusion criteria which include USA, UK, and Spain; compare opt‐in versus opt‐out; primary data analysis; and reported DDR or DTR. Modeled effect on US transplant activity was conducted using public data from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and Centers for Disease Control WONDER from 2006 to 2015.ResultsA total of 2400 studies were screened and six studies were included. Four studies reported opt‐out consent increases DDR by 21–76% over 5–14 years. These studies compared 13–25 opt‐out countries versus 9–23 opt‐in countries. Three studies reported opt‐out consent increases DTR by 38–83% over 11–13 years. These studies compared 22–25 opt‐out versus 22–28 opt‐in countries. Modeled opt‐out activity on the USA resulted in 4753–17,201 additional transplants annually.ConclusionOpt‐out consent increases DDR and DTR and may be useful in decreasing deaths on the waiting list in the USA and other countries.Registration numberPROSPERO CRD42019098759.
Subclassification of Tumor Extension and Nodal Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer to Improve Prognostic Accuracy of the Eighth Edition of the Tumor–Node–Metastasis Classification
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Kihara Minoru , Masuoka Hiroo , Higashiyama Takuya , Miya Akihiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe eighth edition of the tumor–node–metastasis classification system (TNM‐8th) reflects the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) better than the seventh edition. This study investigated methods to further improve the prognostic accuracy of the TNM‐8th.MethodsWe enrolled 5683 patients who underwent surgery for PTC at the Kuma Hospital. We subdivided tumor extension (T4a) into T4a1 and T4a2 based on intraoperative gross findings and N1 according to size ( < 3 cm and ≥ 3 cm) based on preoperative imaging findings.ResultsThe corresponding 20‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates of 4846, 403, 406, and 28 patients with TNM‐8th stages I, II, III, and IVB, respectively, were 99.3%, 93.4%, 82.6%, and 11.3%. Owing to a CSS similar to that of stage II patients, N2 or T4a2 patients <55 years were upstaged to revised stage (re‐stage) II. The CSS of stage III patients with T4a1 was significantly better (p < 0.0001) than that of those with T4a2, and the CSS of T4a1 patients was similar to that of stage II patients. Therefore, T4a1 patients ≥ 55 years were downstaged to re‐stage II. Owing to a CSS similar to that of T4a2 stage III patients, N2 stage II patients were upstaged to re‐stage III. The 20‐year CSS was poorer in re‐stage III (69.5%) than in stage III patients and similar in re‐stage II patients (91.8%) and stage II patients.ConclusionSubdivision of clinical tumor extension and node metastasis further improves the TNM‐8th for PTC and identifies poor risk patients more accurately.
Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease associated with systemic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Fischer Aryeh , Distler Jörg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic autoimmune diseases and a leading cause of death in these patients. A proportion of patients with autoimmune ILDs develop a progressive fibrosing form of ILD, characterized by increasing fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography, worsening of lung function, and early mortality. Autoimmune disease–related ILDs have a variable clinical course and not all patients will require treatment, but all patients should be monitored for signs of progression. Apart from systemic sclerosis–associated ILD, the limited evidence to support the efficacy of immunosuppression as a treatment for ILDs is based mainly on small retrospective series and expert opinion. Non-clinical data suggest that there are commonalities in the mechanisms that drive progressive fibrosis in ILDs with an immunological trigger as in other forms of progressive fibrosing ILD. This suggests that nintedanib and pirfenidone, drugs known to slow disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may also slow the progression of ILD associated with systemic autoimmune diseases. In the SENSCIS® trial, nintedanib reduced the rate of ILD progression in patients with systemic sclerosis–associated ILD. The results of other large clinical trials will provide further insights into the role of anti-fibrotic therapies in the treatment of autoimmune disease–related ILDs.
The Impact of Parental Death in Childhood on Sons’ and Daughters’ Status Attainment in Young Adulthood in the Netherlands, 1850–1952
Authors: Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge Matthias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious research on the impact of parental loss on labor market outcomes in adulthood has often suffered from low sample sizes. To generate further insights into the long-term consequences of parental death, I use the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). The HSN contains occupational information on life courses of a sample of more than 8,000 males and almost 7,000 females born between 1850 and 1922, a period of important labor market transformations. Roughly 20 % of the sample population experienced parental death before age 16. Linear regression models show that maternal loss is significantly associated with lower occupational position in adulthood for both men and women, which points to the crucial importance of maternal care in childhood for socioeconomic outcomes in later life. This interpretation is supported by the finding that a stepmother’s entry into the family is positively related with sons’ occupational position later in life. In contrast to expectations, the loss of economic resources related to the father’s death is generally not associated with lower status attainment in adulthood for men or for women. The results indicate, however, that the negative consequences of paternal death on men’s socioeconomic outcomes decreased over time, illustrating the complex interaction between individual life courses and surrounding labor market transformations.
Volatility drivers on the metal market and exposure of producing countries
Authors: Renner Sven , Wellmer Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper focuses on minor metals and coupled elements and aspires to understand individual incidents of imbalance on the mineral markets during the last 100 years and gain insight into the acting dynamics—those dynamics are commodity-specific but remain largely unchanged in their nature to date—and to identify the factors in play. The conclusions allow for a critical analysis of the widespread security-of-supply narrative of industrialized countries. They point at a market that is mostly a buyers’ market, in which prices and their volatility are largely dictated by shifting demand patterns and much less by supply constraints. Neither high country concentration nor poor governance seem to have a substantial or lasting impact on market balance. Short-term market imbalances are generally neutralized by a dynamic reaction on the demand side via substitution, efficiency gains or technological change. The paper also assesses the impact of those quickly shifting demand patterns and the related price volatilities on producing countries. It shows how mineral price volatilities can expose developing countries’ economies to significant economic risk, if their economy is heavily dependent on mineral production. Two cases that illustrate country exposure are explored in detail—the saltpeter crisis in Chile and the tin crisis in Bolivia. Both led to state bankruptcy. The paper concludes with an attempt to quantify economic exposure of producing countries to price volatilities of specific metals and suggests policies that adapt to the characteristic challenges of highly volatile demand.
A Public Health Response to a Mudslide in Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2017: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Musoke Robert , Chimbaru Alexander , Jambai Amara , Njuguna Charles , Kayita Janet , Bunn James , Latt Anderson , Yao Michel , Yoti Zabulon , Yahaya Ali , Githuku Jane , Nabukenya Immaculate , Maina Jane , Ifeanyi Stanley , Fall Ibrahima Socé 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTOn August 14, 2017, a 6-kilometer mudslide occurred in Regent Area, Western Area District of Sierra Leone following a torrential downpour that lasted 3 days. More than 300 houses along River Juba were submerged; 1141 people were reported dead or missing and 5905 displaced. In response to the mudslide, the World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in Sierra Leone moved swiftly to verify the emergency and constitute an incident management team to coordinate the response. Early contact was made with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation and health sector partners. A Public Health Emergency Operations Center was set up to coordinate the response. Joint assessments, planning, and response among health sector partners ensured effectiveness and efficiency. Oral cholera vaccination was administered to high-risk populations to prevent a cholera outbreak. Surveillance for 4 waterborne diseases was enhanced through daily reporting from 9 health facilities serving the affected population. Performance standards from the WHO Emergency Response Framework were used to monitor the emergency response. An assessment of the country’s performance showed that the country’s response was well executed. To improve future response, we recommend enhanced district level preparedness, update of disaster response protocols, and pre-disaster mapping of health sector partners.