bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Regulation of Graphite Microcrystals via Tandem Catalytic Carbonization for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon in the Low‐Voltage Plateau
Authors: Zhou Limin , Zhang Gaoyue , Xu Chenchen , Li Junxiao , Liu Yanyan , Li Baojun , Wang Ao , Sun Kang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sodium storage behavior in the plateau region is crucial for determining the capacity and rate capability of hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Key structural features for achieving excellent plateau performance include extended graphite domains and increased interlayer spacing. However, synchronously optimizing these two structures is challenging due to their inherent trade‐off. Herein, a tandem catalytic carbonization strategy is developed to construct HC with long graphite domains (La = 5.31 nm) and large interlayer spacing (d002 = 0.389 nm) simultaneously. Comprehensive in situ and ex situ tests unravel the catalytic selective bond breaking and aromatization effects of ZnCl2, the catalytic graphitic layers enlargement and occupied effects of formed ZnO and Zn in different temperature stages, leading to the formation of the unique structure. The optimal HCZ‐0.1 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 346.9 mAh g−1 with a plateau capacity of 249.4 mAh g−1, and high‐rate performance (114.0 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). In addition, the sodium storage mechanism and origin of enhanced Na+ kinetics of HCZ‐0.1 are also revealed. This work offers a precise method to engineer the graphite microcrystal structure in HC for superior sodium storage in the plateau region.
Comparative Study of Indium Oxide Films for High‐Mobility TFTs: ALD, PLD and Solution Process
Authors: Guo Min , Wu Jianting , Ou Hai , Xie Dongyu , Zhu Qiaoji , Huang Yi , Wang Mengye , Liang Lingyan , Liang Xiaoci , Liu Fengjuan , Ning Ce , Lu Xubing , Cao Hongtao , Yuan Guangcai , Liu Chuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeposition of indium oxide base films for high‐mobility thin film transistors (TFTs) has been an important part in the implementation of high‐resolution and high‐frequency display back panels. In this study, three types of In2O3 (InO) films have been fabricated for TFTs using atomic layer deposition (ALD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and solution process, respectively. ALD‐derived InO films show controllable grain formation and optimized TFTs show the field effect mobility of ≈100 cm2 V−1s−1 in both the conventional transistor measurements and critical four‐probe measurements, reaching the level of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS). Combined spectroscopy investigations show that the ALD‐derived InO film features advantages as compared to those of the PLD‐deposited and solution‐processed InO film in providing a smoother surface morphology, good crystallinity, and more orderly atomic growth mode. Moreover, the bias‐stress stability of ALD‐derived TFTs can be improved with further passivation.
Does Contract Farming Improve Diet Quality? The Case of Senegalese Smallholders
Authors: Ndip Francis E. , Sakurai Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe institution of contract farming has gained prominence in most developing countries owing to its numerous benefits. While several studies have already highlighted the welfare benefits of contract farming, very few have investigated the effects on diet quality, despite poor quality diets being a serious challenge in most parts of the developing world. Moreover, such existing studies deal with contract farming in speciality crops, although contract farming in staple crops may have different effects on diet quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the role of staple crop contracts on diet quality, proxied by two measures of dietary diversity. Using cross‐sectional data from rice‐producing households in Senegal, we employ linear models through ordinary least squares to estimate the relationship between contract farming and diet quality. Our results show that participation in contract farming is positively associated with household dietary diversity and hence, diet quality. Our results further show that income is the main pathway through which contracts and diet quality are associated. With increasing calls for agriculture to be nutrition‐sensitive, our results suggest that the institution of contract farming can play an important role in this regard by improving diet quality.
Towards Predictive Pollution Control Through Traffic Flux Forecasting With Deep Learning: A Case Study in the City of Valencia
Authors: Folgado Miguel G. , Sanz Verónica , Hirn Johannes , Lorenzo‐Sáez Edgar , Urchueguía Javier F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTraffic congestion represents a significant urban challenge, with notable implications for public health and environmental well‐being. Consequently, urban decision‐makers prioritize the mitigation of congestion. This study delves into the efficacy of harnessing extensive data on urban traffic dynamics, coupled with comprehensive knowledge of road networks, to enable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in forecasting traffic flux well in advance. Such forecasts hold promise for informing emission reduction measures, particularly those aligned with Low Emission Zone policies. The investigation centers on Valencia, leveraging its robust traffic sensor infrastructure, one of the most densely deployed worldwide, encompassing approximately 3500 sensors strategically positioned across the city. Employing historical data spanning 2016 and 2017, we undertake the task of training and characterizing a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network for the prediction of temporal traffic patterns. Our findings demonstrate the LSTM's efficacy in real‐time forecasting of traffic flow evolution, facilitated by its ability to discern salient patterns within the dataset.
Recyclable Ag/g‐C3N4 Catalyzed Visible‐light Promoted Heterogeneous Synthesis of Unsymmetric Diaryl Chalcogenides
Authors: Ji Hong‐Tao , Yi Yu‐Tao , Zhou Min‐Hang , Luo Qing‐Xia , Jiang Jun , He Wei‐Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith Ag/g‐C3N4 semiconductor as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, the visible light promoted heterogeneous synthesis of unsymmetric diaryl chalcogenides could be achieved under additive‐free and mild conditions. A series of unsymmetric diaryl chalcogenides were generated in good to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance. The Ag/g‐C3N4 photocatalyst is easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused at least 5 times, opening the way for larger‐scale industrial applications of this type of photocatalytic bond‐forming reactions.
Beyond the First Nations Voice to Parliament: Who “owns” the state?
Authors: O'Sullivan Dominic 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2023, Australian voters defeated a constitutional amendment to establish a First Nations' Voice to Parliament. This representative body would have been empowered to make representations to parliament and executive government. It was proposed by First Nations people as the first stage in a Voice, Treaty, Truth process of political and constitutional reform. As the implications of this defeat are considered, it is instructive to examine what lessons New Zealand's politics and policies of Māori self‐determination may contribute to local deliberations, including on the principles that could inform treaties such as those under consideration in the state of Victoria. The ongoing point of contention in both countries has profound implications for how and why policy is made, for whom and by whom. The point of contest is over who, in practical political terms, “owns” the state and, therefore, its policymaking systems? Are First Nations people shareholders in state authority, or should they reside always on its periphery? If not, what are the terms of their inclusion?
A cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment of the endoscopic sinus surgery considering materials, energy, and waste
Authors: Mousania Zeinab , Kayastha Darpan , Rimmer Ryan A. , Atkinson John D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOperating rooms generate 1.8 million tons of waste annually, or 20%‒30% of the total healthcare waste in the United States. Our objective was to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) for endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESSs) in order to analyze its environmental impact.MethodsA comprehensive LCA of ESS was performed considering energy, climate, and water use impacts associated with the materials and processes used. It focuses on the ESS performed at a large tertiary academic hospital and then extends the impacts to consider annual US surgeries. The assessment considers end‐of‐life waste management at both landfills and incinerators.ResultsSingle‐use instrument production constitutes 89%‒96% of the total impacts throughout the life cycle of an ESS. Waste‐to‐energy incineration is shown to be a preferred end‐of‐life destination, as it recovers much of the input production energy of plastic items, ultimately reducing the input to 36%, although this is done at the expense of higher greenhouse gas emissions. For multi‐use items, decontamination dominates environmental impact (>99% of totals), but consideration of reusable items reduces overall energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) by 25%‒33%.ConclusionSingle‐use items dominate the total environmental impact of ESS. While multi‐use items require additional decontamination over their lifetimes, results show that their incorporation reduces energy consumption and GWP by 25%‒33%, demonstrating the clear environmental benefit.
Development and validation of the four‐item Concise Aging adults Smell Test to screen for olfactory dysfunction in older adults
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Gregoski Mathew J. , Kohli Preeti , LaPointe Kristina A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) in the elderly is common and associated with numerous comorbidities, yet often underrecognized. This study sought to develop an instrument for widespread screening of this condition.MethodsDemographic factors, comorbidities, and olfactory‐related questions were examined in a focus group (N = 20) and development cohort (N = 190). The 4‐item Concise Aging adults Smell Test (4‐CAST) screening instrument was then developed to predict OD on Sniffin Sticks testing. An independent validation cohort (N = 147) was then examined to confirm ability of the 4‐CAST to predict OD on Smell Identification Test 40 (SIT40).ResultsThe most important variables for predicting olfactory loss in older subjects were age, type II diabetes status, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of overall rating of smell, and VAS of impact of smell upon safety. In the development cohort, the 4‐CAST model yielded predictive probability (area under the curve) of 0.805 (p < 0.001) for predicting the bottom 25th percentile on Sniffin Sticks. Results were similar in the validation cohort, as the 4‐CAST accurately classified 83.8% subjects (area under the curve [AUC] 0.789, p < 0.001) in the bottom 25th percentile of SIT40 testing. The 4‐CAST was able to accurately classify 89.4% of subjects with anosmia.ConclusionThe 4‐CAST is a quick screening instrument for predicting OD in older adults and has similar performance characteristics in independent populations using the two most common validated olfactory tests. Given the high prevalence of unrecognized olfactory loss in this population, this can be a useful tool for practitioners to determine which subjects may benefit from more extensive olfactory testing.
An Organometallic Umpolung Approach for Iron‐Mediated Propargylic C−H Etherification
Authors: Xia Yue , Zhu Jin , Durham Austin C. , Wang Yi‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPropargylic ethers serve as useful intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of complex targets. However, propargylic substitution of prefunctionalized alkyne starting materials remains the dominant method for the synthesis of propargyl ethers, while direct etherification of simple alkynes via propargylic C−H functionalization remains largely underreported. Herein, we report an organometallic umpolung approach for iron‐mediated C−H propargylic etherification. A telescopic protocol for iron‐mediated C−H deprotonation followed by mild oxidative coupling with alcohols enabled the use of simple or functionalized alkynes for the expedient synthesis of propargylic ethers with excellent functional group compatibility, chemoselectivity and regioselectivity.
Local Structure‐Induced Selective Interactions Enables High‐Performance and Burn‐in‐Free Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Fan Baobing , Gao Huanhuan , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Wang Lei , Zhong Wenkai , Wang Yunfan , Jiang Wenlin , Fu Huiting , Chen Tianqi , Kan Bin , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOligomeric acceptors (OAs) have attracted considerable attention in the organic photovoltaics (OPV) field owing to their capacity in balancing the merits from both monomeric and polymeric acceptors. A delicate control over the distortion between blocks of OAs usually determines the performance and stability of relevant OPV devices. However, it imposes great complexity to realize a controllable degree of distortion by tuning the skeleton of blocks and the position of linker between blocks. Herein, we developed a facile strategy to rationally control the geometry distortion of OAs via a straightforward substitution of alkoxy side‐chains on their blocks. This helps elucidate the integrated influences of molecular distortion and non‐bonded contacts on the selective interactions between OA molecules and between OA and host acceptor in ternary blend. We demonstrate the alkoxy‐OA molecules having stronger self‐interactions would mitigate their interactions with host acceptor, therefore alleviating the kinetic diffusion and excessive aggregation of total acceptors. Combining with a composite‐interlayer strategy by introducing a phenyl‐substituted self‐assembled monolayer to enhance the doping with polyoxometalate, an impressive efficiency of 20.1 % is achieved accompanied by a negligible burn‐in loss against physical aging. This study demonstrates the validation of tuning of selective interactions towards high‐performance and burn‐in‐free OPV.
Enabling Interfacial Lattice Matching by Selective Epitaxial Growth of CuS Crystals on Bi2WO6 Nanosheets for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction into Solar Fuels
Authors: Tian Jiaqi , Zhang Yangyang , Shi Zuhao , Liu Zhongyi , Zhao Zaiwang , Li Jun , Li Neng , Huang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction serves as an important technology for value‐added solar fuel production, however, it is generally limited by interfacial charge transport. To address this limitation, a two‐dimensional/two‐dimensional (2D/2D) p‐n heterojunction CuS‐Bi2WO6 (CS‐BWO) with highly connected and matched interfacial lattices was designed in this work via a two‐step hydrothermal tandem synthesis strategy. The integration of CuS with BWO created a robust interface electric field and provided fast charge transfer channels due to the work function difference, as well as highly connected and matched interfacial lattices. The p‐n heterojunction combination promoted the electron transfer from the Cu to Bi sites, leading to the coordination of Bi sites with high electronic density and low oxidation state. The Bi sites in the BWO nanosheets facilitated the adsorption and activation of CO2, and the generation of high‐coverage key intermediate b‐CO32−, while CuS (CS) acted as a broad light‐harvesting material to provide abundant photoinduced electrons that were injected into the conduction band of BWO for CO2 photoreduction reaction. Remarkably, the p‐n heterojunction CS‐BWO exhibited average CO and CH4 yields of 33.9 and 16.4 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of CS, BWO, and physical mixture CS‐BWO samples. This work provided an innovative design strategy for developing high‐activity heterojunction photocatalyst for converting CO2 into value‐added solar fuels.
Rapid Untargeted Puff‐by‐Puff Analysis of (Electronic) Cigarette Emissions by Concentric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionisation Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gao Yong‐Qi , Gasilova Natalia , Wolf Jan‐Christoph , Patiny Luc , Menin Laure , Pavlou Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the soaring popularity of e‐cigarettes among teenagers and young adults, our understanding of the full extent of their health hazards have remained limited. This is due to the vast complexities of e‐cigarette aerosols and the difficulty in their full characterisation. Conventional mass spectrometry methods of e‐cigarette analysis, though pioneering in driving political and medical discourse, have been limited in their capabilities to uncover all compounds in its emissions due to prominent limitations in experimental setup. To overcome this major hurdle, we have developed a setup for puff‐by‐puff analysis of electronic and conventional cigarette emissions by concentric dielectric barrier discharge ionisation mass spectrometry. In this pilot study, the simple setup of in‐line dilution and high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to directly uncover 225 compounds in e‐cigarette puffs across a wide spectrum of chemical classes in two sequential 5‐minute runs. These include acids, carbonyls, aromatic cyclics, heterocyclics, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, alkaloids, sulfur‐containing compounds, oxides, and nitriles. As a result, our setup provided a significant improvement in rapid compound identification, and demonstrated a much broader chemical landscape in e‐cigarette emissions than previously reported.
Efficient Capture of Phosphate From Aqueous Media Using Bimetallic La‐Zr‐MOF
Authors: Song Jiangyan , Yu Yongyi , Zhang Ziyi , Yang Weisen , Pan Wenbin , Jian Shaoju , Jiang Shaohua , Hu Jiapeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDeposition of excessive phosphate in natural water column caused several issues, like the eutrophication and destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Adsorption has been an effective and convenient method for phosphate elimination. Herein, a novel bimetallic metal–organic framework adsorbent, namely, La‐Zr‐MOF, was prepared, and the morphology, crystallite, characteristic functional groups, specific surface area, and composite material surfaces were analyzed using XRD, FT‐IR, SEM‐EDS, and BET. The adsorption performance of the adsorbent was systematically evaluated by batch adsorption experiments, and the adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic properties were analyzed. The results reveal that La‐Zr‐MOF exhibits a high selectivity and sorption performance for phosphate, and the adsorption of La‐Zr‐MOF follows the Langmuir and pseudo–second‐order models; the phosphate removal procedure is a chemisorption accompanied by an endothermic reaction, and the maximum capacity was 127.7 mg g−1. Combined with batch adsorption experiments, kinetic and thermodynamic studies and various characterization analyses together revealed the phosphate removal mechanism, mainly ligand exchange and electrostatic interactions.
Impact of high‐intensity ultrasound, cooling rate, and storage temperature on physical properties and oil binding capacity in fully hydrogenated palm‐kernel lipid matrices
Authors: Marsh Melissa Abigail , Anjum Nabila , Maleky Farnaz , Martini Silvana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ability of a fat crystal network to entrap liquid oil is known as oil binding capacity (OBC) and is an imperative property in semi‐solid fats for use in confectionary, bakery, and snack products. Understanding the factors that increase the OBC of fats is crucial for developing fat‐based foods that are more resistant to unwanted oil migration. In this study, fully hydrogenated palm‐kernel based (FHPKO) lipid matrices were crystallized under different processing conditions to generate samples with a wide range of physical properties and OBC. Three dilutions were created by combining FHPKO with soybean oil (SBO)—75% FHPKO (containing 25% SBO), 50% FHPKO (50% SBO), and 20% FHPKO (80% SBO) and were crystallized at 33, 30, and 22°C; respectively. All the samples were crystallized using fast (FCR; 4.6°C/min) and slow (SCR; 0.1°C/min) cooling rates, as well as with (w) and without (wo) high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU; 20 kHz). These processing conditions resulted in four different sets of samples—FCR wo HIU, FCR w HIU, SCR wo HIU, SCR w HIU. Immediately after processing, the sample's hardness, solid fat content (SFC), viscoelasticity (G′, G″, δ), microstructure, melting behavior (Tpeak, enthalpy), and OBC using a centrifuge method (labeled OBCc) were analyzed. Samples were then stored at 22 and 5°C for 48 h and the aforementioned properties were measured again as well as OBC using a filter paper method (labeled OBCp). Results show that both OBCc and OBCp were positively correlated with the sample's SFC (rs = 0.912, p < 0.001; rs = 0.777, p < 0.001), storage moduli (G′) (rs = 0.674, p < 0.001; rs = 0.526, p = 0.017), hardness (rs = 0.793, p < 0.001; rs = 0.812, p < 0.001), enthalpy (rs = 0.842, p < 0.001; rs = 0.812, p < 0.001), and the number of crystals (rs = 0.655, p < 0.001; rs = 0.728, p < 0.001); respectively. While no correlation between OBCp and the sample's peak melting temperature and microstructure was recorded, a negative association between the sample's peak melting temperature (rs = −0.782, p < 0.001), phase angle (δ) (rs = −0.801, p < 0.001), and crystal diameter (rs = −0.470, p = 0.004) was documented for OBCc. These results suggest oil binding capacity of palm‐kernel based crystallized fats can be increased by formulating harder fats that are elastic, contain more crystals, and have higher SFC and enthalpy. Additionally, the FCR with HIU processing conditions was the most effective in increasing the OBC.
Low‐valent Main‐group Catalysis under Ambient Conditions using a Germylene Cation**
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Mahawar Pritam , Dua Purva , Singh Vivek Kumar , Shukla Pratima , Joshi Prakash Chandra , Rajaraman Gopalan , Nagendran Selvarajan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCatalysis using low‐valent main‐group compounds is usually done under inert conditions; no example of such catalysis has been doable entirely in ambient conditions until now. This aspect is addressed in this work through an air‐ and water‐stable germylene cation [DPMGe][(OH)B(C6F5)3] (2) (DPM=dipyrromethene); it efficiently catalyzes aldehyde and ketone hydrosilylations under ambient conditions. Detailed theoretical studies reveal that compound 2’s stability is bolstered by the interaction between the anion and germanium's frontier orbitals. However, the detachment of the anion (in the solution) alters the capability of compound 2 to render exceptional catalytic efficiency. Compound 2 was synthesized under ambient conditions by the equimolar reaction of DPMGeOH (1) with B(C6F5)3.
Chlorine conversion impact on activated carbon block filters: Water quality and nitrification risk in chloraminated water
Authors: Jakpa Horace , Alfredo Katherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of a periodic free chlorine conversion period (FClP) as a nitrification mitigation measure has been scrutinized in chloraminated distribution systems, and knowledge about the response of activated carbon block (ACB) point‐of‐use (POU) filters to this practice is unknown. In this study, three similar filters were monitored bracketing three successive FClPs in the laboratory, aimed at studying the response of ACB POU filters to FClP and the occurrence of nitrification. Results indicate that stagnating filters fostered biofilm growth and increased nitrite concentration (2.5 mg/L‐N) above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL). Despite FClP being effective at mitigating nitrification and reducing nitrite concentration far below EPA MCL, this was only temporary. Filters that were microbially seeded before an FClP event re‐nitrified immediately after chloramination resumed. Successive FClPs induced a microbial community change and failed at controlling nitrification, resulting in elevated nitrite and microbial exposure.