bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran Deksmedetomidin Sebagai Protektor Otak Yang Dinilai Dengan Kadar Il-6 Dan Cox-2 Pada Tikus Model Cedera Otak Traumatika
Authors: Harahap Mohammad Sofyan , Wargahadibrata A. Himendra , Bisri Tatang , Rehatta Nancy Margarita 
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang: Proteksi otak sangat penting dalam penanganan cedera kepala sehari hari, agar tidak terjadi cedera sekunder. Proteksi otak terdiri dari metode dasar dan farmakologik yaitu dengan menggunakan obar-obatan. Sampai saat ini belum ada hasil proteksi otak yang konsisten dari berbagai metode farmakologi, sehingga masih terus menjadi bahan kajian.Tujuan : Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran deksmedetomidin sebagai protektor otak yang dinilai dengan kadar IL-6 dan COX-2.Metode : Penelitian eksperimental di laboratorium dengan rancangan acak terkontrol, dilakukan pada 24 tikus wistar jantan, usia sekitar 3 bulan, kondisi aktif, yang mendapat perlakuan cedera kepala buatan derajat sedang. Setelah mendapat persetujuan komite etik, hewan coba dibagi dalam 3 kelompok secara random yaitu kelompok K1(NaCl) (n=8), kelompok P (deksmedetomidin) (n=8) dan kelompok K2 (kontrol) (n=8), kemudian dilakukan anestesi dengan Ketamin 80 mg/kgBB ip dan diambil sampel darah, selanjutnya kelompok K1 dan kelompok P dilakukan kraniektomi dan diberi trauma diikuti dengan pemberian deksmedetomidin 60 µgr/kgBB ip untuk kelompok P dan NaCl dengan volume dan cara sama untuk kelompok K1. Kelompok K2 tidak dilakukan cedera dan tidak mendapat terapi apapun. Pemberian deksmedetomidin atau NaCl diulang pada jam ke-3, ke-12 dan ke-24, pengambilan sampel darah berikutnya untuk pemeriksaan dengan metode ELISA dilakukan pada jam ke-12 dan jam ke-24. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dan Friedman serta uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil : Kadar IL-6 pada kelompok K1 meningkat secara bermakna dibanding kelompok P, pada 12 jam dan 24 jam pasca trauma. (160±15,57) vs (140,5±17,65) dan (172,6±19,07) vs (124,2±23,6). Sedangkan Kadar COX-2 pada kelompok K1 meningkat secara bermakna dibanding kelompok P pada 12 jam dan 24 jam pasca trauma. (1491,41±341) vs (803,62±215,73) dan (1048,45±170,43) vs (588,93±198,57). Kadar COX-2 menunjukkan proses inflamasi yang terjadi. Analisis Spearman’s menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara IL-6 dan COX-2 (ρ=0,71), yang terjadi pada 12 jam pasca trauma pada kelompok yang mendapat NaCl.Simpulan: Deksmedetomidin mempunyai peran sebagai protektor otak dengan menurunkan kadar IL-6 dan COX-2. Ada korelasi positif pada perubahan kadar antara IL-6 dan COX-2 setelah trauma.
Perbandingan Efektifitas Antara Tramadol Dan Meperidin Untuk Pencegahan Menggigil Pasca Anestesi Umum
Authors: Sasongko Himawan 
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang : Menggigil pasca anestesi merupakan komplikasi yang cukup sering terjadi. Menggigil menimbulkan keadaan yang tidak nyaman dan berbagai resiko terutama bagi pasien dengan kondisi fisik yang tidak optimal, pasien dengan penyakit paru obstruktif menahun yang berat, atau pasien dengan gangguan kerja pada jantung. Karena itu menggigil harus segera dicegah atau diatasi. Sampai saat ini obat yang paling sering digunakan adalah meperidin.Tujuan : Membuktikan bahwa pemberian tramadol 2 mg/kgBB intra vena menjelang akhir operasi lebih efektif daripada meperidin 0,5 mg/kgBB intra vena menjelang akhir operasi untuk mencegah kejadian menggigil pasca anestesi umum.Metode : Merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain “randomized post test only controlled group” pada 72 pasien usia 16 – 60 tahun, status fisik ASA I – II, berat badan normal yang menjalani operasi dengan anestesia umum. Pasien dipuasakan 6 jam dan diberikan premedikasi midazolam 0,07 mg/kgBB dan fentanil 1,5 µg/kgBB intra vena 2 menit sebelum induksi. Tekanan darah diastolik, tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan arteri rerata, laju jantung dan SaO2 diukur 5 menit sebelum induksi. Induksi anestesi dilakukan dengan thiopental 5 mg/kgBB. Setelah reflek bulu mata hilang, diberikan atrakurium besilat 0,5 mg/kgBB dan dilakukan intubasi endotrakea. Rumatan anestesi menggunakan isofluran 0,8 – 1,7 vol%, N2O 70% dan O2 30%. Atrakurium intermiten diberikan dengan dosis 0,2 mg/kgBB. Temperatur esofagus diukur segera setelah induksi. Lama operasi dibatasi antara 2 – 3 jam. Pada akhir operasi, obat inhalasi dihentikan. Setelah nafas spontan adekuat, reflek laringeal positip dilakukan randomisasi. Pasien dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok T (mendapat tramadol 2 mg/kgBB), kelompok M (mendapat meperidin 0,5 mg/kgBB) dan kelompok K (mendapat NaCl 0,9%). Ekstubasi dilakukan 5 menit setelah perlakuan. Tekanan darah diastolik, sistolik, tekanan arteri rerata, laju jantung dan SaO2 diukur dan dicatat segera setelah ekstubasi dan tiap lima menit selama 30 menit. Suhu tubuh diukur segera dan 15 menit setelah ekstubasi. Pasca ekstubasi pasien diberi oksigen 6L/menit. Uji statistik menggunakan One-way ANOVA, dengan derajat kemaknaan p < 0,05.Hasil : Data dasar, data karakteristik klinis sebelum induksi, perbandingan pengukuran tekanan darah diastolik, tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan arteri rerata, laju jantung dan SaO2 berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,05) kecuali laju jantung 30 menit pasca ekstubasi antara kelompok tramadol dan kontrol berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Kejadian dan derajat menggigil kelompok tramadol dan meperidin berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Perbedaan suhu tubuh kelompok tramadol dan meperidin 15 menit pasca ekstubasi dan efek samping obat yang timbul berbeda bermakna (p<0,05).Kesimpulan : Tramadol dan meperidin mempunyai efektifitas yang sama dalam mencegah menggigil pasca anestesi umum, tetapi tramadol mempunyai efek samping obat yang lebih rendah dibandingkan meperidin.
The End of Plato’sPhaedoand the End(s) of Philosophy
Authors: Werner Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ending of the Phaedo is one of the most powerful and memorable moments in the entire Platonic corpus. It is not simply the end of a single dialogue, but a depiction of the end of the life of the man (Socrates) who is a looming presence in nearly everything that Plato wrote. In this article I offer an in-depth analysis of the final scene of the Phaedo. I argue that Plato very carefully constructs the scene for the sake of specific philosophical, dramatic, and political ends. Plato uses it to unify the Phaedo as a singular text, while also provoking us to reflect on the nature of our lives, our deaths, and the possibilities and limits of philosophy itself.
Friendship, Knowledge and Reciprocity inLysis
Authors: Giménez José Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlato’s characterization of philia in Lysis, on one hand, as one-sided belonging to the ultimate object of our desire and, on the other, as interpersonal reciprocal belonging appears problematic. Yonesawa has recently claimed that one can make sense of both uses of “belonging” if we assume that one is the other’s friend when each one coincides in being the ultimate object of the other’s desire. This paper proposes instead that Lysis’ ‘reciprocity’ of friendship results from friends’ right wanting, which presupposes their souls are well-disposed to a true object of desire. To prove this, I will argue that (i) the action and the argument of the dialogue exhibit this kind of reciprocity, (ii) there is a ‘unique’ ultimate object of desire (‘teleological monism’), that consists of a ‘knowledge about the good life’ and (iii) only the common longing for such knowledge can make possible friends’ reciprocal belonging.
»Judenkrankheiten«. Eine methodologische Orientierung im Diskursdschungel
Authors: Wolff Eberhard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article suggests ways of dealing with the intricate discourse on »Jewish Diseases« from antiquity up to the present - both within and beyond anti-Semitism. Firstly, it presents a four-dimensional model that systemizes the different ways in which the sources talk about the subject. In employing this model the article develops images of Jews and Judaism constructed by them. Secondly, the article distinguishes between a »documenting« and a »deconstructive« way in which the sources are used in the humanities. However, since sources dealing with »Jewish Diseases« are always biased and based on subjective premises, the article pleads for investigating the latter. This even applies to the modern biomedical discourse, for instance on »genetic Jewish Diseases«, which promotes the biologisation and essentialisation of what it means to be Jewish.
Lepra Hebraeorum. Ein antisemitisches Krankheitskonstrukt des 19. Jahrhunderts und seine Entwicklung
Authors: Jankrift Kay Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the first half of the 19th century, based on a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of biblical texts, several German physicians transformed the phenomenon named »Zara’at« in Hebrew into a specific disease called »Lepra Hebraeorum«, »Lepra Judeorum« or »Lepra Mosaica«. The authors applied traditional anti-Semitic stereotypes in order to explain the origins of this fictitious hereditary illness, which was said to befall Jews especially and to be transmitted by them to Non-Jewish populations. The genesis of »Lepra Hebraeorum« was completed by Christian ideas of the disease, linking leprosy to a sinful lifestyle and lust. However, in Jewish conceptions »Zara’at« never has been connected to sin or even to disease. It was rather regarded as a warning or punishment for derogatory speech. Soon after the discovery of »Mycobacterium leprae« in 1873 any reference to »Lepra Hebraeorum« disappeared from German medical writings.
Juden und Tuberkulose
Authors: Hödl Klaus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In my article, I discuss the American debate on the predisposition of Jews in the 19th and early 20th centuries toward tuberculosis. In focusing on the illness, I compare the Jewish population with the African American population. While physicians at the time thought that there was widespread immunity to the disease among Jews, it was reported that there was an above-average number of cases among African Americans. Both groups differed significantly from white Americans. I argue that not only differences but similarities between Jews and non-Jews, too, were written into the medical discourse at the time. I demonstrate this through an analysis of contemporary medical texts. I believe that historians have overwhelmingly neglected to incorporate such publications into their analyses, because they feared that the historical evidence they contain might challenge their assumptions.
Jüdisch-christliche Volksmedizin in einer Idylle Saul Tschernichowskys
Authors: Feinberg Anat , Jütte Robert 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When working as a country doctor in Czarist Russia, the Jewish author and poet Saul Tschernichowsky (1875-1943) had close contact with the rural population and with the Jews living there. Meeting the village folk and peasants brought back memories of his own childhood spent in the country that made him realize the discrepancy between »yesterday’s world« and modern times. Academic medicine did not count for much in the country. The peasants wanted »proper« drugs, by which they meant drugs whose strong smell and conspicuous colour suggested effectiveness. Some of Tschernichowsky’s medical experiences from that time have found their way into his literary oeuvre, for instance into the stories »be-inyan ha-mumchim« (Concerning experts) and »ze’adim rishonim« (First steps), and particularly also into his idyll »Berele chole« (Berele is sick), composed in 1907, which is an attempt at making this literary genre also fruitful for Modern Hebrew Literature. Analysis of its content reveals that the historiographic inference that Jewish and non-Jewish religious-magic medicine overlap and influence each other is congruent with Tschernichowsky’s poetically alienated description.
Zur späten Korrespondenz zwischen Josef Horovitz und Shlomo Goitein
Authors: Twardella Johannes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Josef Horovitz was one of the most important orientalists of his time. Born in 1874 in Lauenburg (Pommern), he died unexpectedly in 1931 at the age of 57 in Frankfurt am Main, just before the National Socialists came to power. His letters and postcards, written in the years 1930-31 to his disciple Shlomo Dov Goitein, provide information about their relationship but also give a good insight into the differences in the scientific approach between the generations. They are also revealing with regard to Horovitz’ scientific work and his position on the »Jewish question«. It becomes clear that, at that time, Horovitz was working on a commentary on the Koran which he could not finish because of his early death. And as for the »Jewish question«, it shows that he believed in the possibility of a peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs in Palestine on the basis of a mutual recognition of interests.
The Politics of the Basic Income Guarantee: Analysing Individual Support in Europe
Authors: Vlandas Tim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article analyses individual level support for a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) using the European Social Survey. At the country level, support is highest in South and Central Eastern Europe, but variation does not otherwise seem to follow established differences between varieties of capitalisms or welfare state regimes. At the individual level, findings are broadly in line with the expectations of the political economy literature. Left-leaning individuals facing high labour market risk and/or on low incomes are more supportive of a BIG, whereas current union members are less likely to support a BIG, consistent with the insider-outsider literature. However, when controlling for confounding variables, union membership is not statistically significant, suggesting that it is not membership per se, but the characteristics of unionised workers that make them less supportive. In many countries, a coalition between centrist and left-leaning individuals therefore seems most promising, but its political feasibility depends on whether enough union members are favourable to a BIG and on the level of opposition from high income and/or conservative parts of the electorate.
Entrenchment inhibition: Constructional change and repetitive behaviour can be in competition with large-scale “recompositional” creativity
Authors: Tantucci Vittorio , Di Cristofaro Matteo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses creativity as inhibition of repetitive behaviour. We argue that entrenchment and constructional change can be in competition with large-scale creative attempts of recomposition of constructions’ internal constituency. After undergoing chunking, the recurrent usage of a construction may be significantly counterbalanced with new attempts of entrenchment inhibition (viz. inhibition of entrenchment). These are cases where speakers opt for more compositional and less predictable ways to express a similar meaning of a conventionalised form. We focus on the constructionalisation of noun–participle compounds (e.g.snow-covered) in the Historical Corpus of American English. During the second part of the twentieth century, speakers increasingly inhibit the usage of conventionalised noun phrase–past participle forms in favour of more compositional strategies involving the same internal constituents. This entails that constructional change not only affects the meaning of the chunk that undergoes constructionalisation but also the way speakers creatively rediscover its internal constituency. These results additionally aim to inform research in cognitive architectures and artificial intelligence, where creativity is often merely considered as a problem-solving mechanism rather than a potential process of inhibition of automatised behaviour.
Hegels Satz
Authors: Raatzsch Richard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
For Hegel, what ought to be the case is the case and is, at the same time, not the case. I call this proposition „Hegel’s Proposition“. The elucidation, which Hegel’s Proposition obviously invites, moves from distinguishing two kinds of Ought and Is, respectively, through looking at the concepts of will and action, to reminding us of ways in which the world is both perfect and defective. Examined in this way, the so-called relation between Is and Ought turns out to be just that: a so-called, i. e. not a real, relation.
Preliminary market analysis of PEEK in South America: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Beltrão Victor de Cerjat , Figueiredo Marco Antonio Gaya de , Corrêa Harrison Lourenço 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe increasing applications of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) in the industry makes this polymer appealing for the development of a new industry focused on its production. PEEK displays remarkable mechanical properties that are not commonly found in polymeric materials, and its biocompatibility becomes attractive for the manufacture of prosthesis, stents and many other medical apparatuses. In addition, the new technique of Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the printing of highly complex geometries with low weight, aiming the automotive and aeronautic industries as well. Despite not being relatively new, there are not many enterprises producing PEEK in the world, especially in the South American market. This raises a question regarding the size of the PEEK market in this region and the expected demand for the upcoming years. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and predict the demand of PEEK for the Mercosur and Brazil markets, verifying the feasibility of the creation of a specialized industry in the region.
Core versus Non-Core Terms and Legal Controls over Consumer Contract Terms: (Bad) Lessons from Europe?
Authors: Gómez Pomar Fernando 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Not all contract terms pose the same perils for efficient contracting and for consumer welfare. EU Law and the laws of many Member States make a distinction between core and non-core contract terms and tend to exempt the former from the ex-post substantive unfairness review to which the latter are subject to. By reviewing how the CJEU and European legal commentators have justified and construed the terms of Art. 4(2) of Directive 93/13 we may obtain a general picture of the analytical underpinnings deployed to provide useful content to that provision. The prevailing European approach is (unsurprisingly, perhaps) predominantly legalistic and uninterested in empirics. The CJEU analysis remains (unsurprisingly, perhaps) immune to the implications from the theoretical and empirical literature that economics and Law & Economics has produced in order to understand how market forces and other non-legal incentives for contract quality interact with ex post controls implemented by courts and based on broad legal standards. The ALI Restatement on Consumer Contracts may cogently make use of that input in crafting a less formalistic legal regime.
European Unfairness and American Unconscionability: A Letter From a European Lawyer to American Friends
Authors: Sibony Anne-Lise 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Unfair Contract Terms Directive (UCTD) and the Common Law doctrine of unconscionability in the United States both pursue the same aim: they seek to protect consumers against abuse of power by traders who are in a position to exploit the asymmetry of the contracting process. However, both sets of rules rest on different premises. In particular, they allocate trust differently between courts and markets. This accounts for deep-running differences despite apparent similarities. This contribution analyses these similarities and differences by commenting on the unconscionability doctrine as expressed in the Draft Restatement of consumer contracts from a European point of view.
Anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia acruensis latex-mediated bioengineered silver nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Kaushik , Srivastwa Ambikesh K. , Ghosh Chandan K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this report, we present a simple and unexplored procedure for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles featuring exudation of Euphorbia acruensis along with the study of its antibacterial and anticoagulant properties. Analytical techniques like ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to analyse the production, crystallinity and morphology of bio-reduced silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial study was performed by following standard disc diffusion method. Most importantly, the anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles were evaluated by addition of nanoparticles to human blood samples under practical conditions. These green synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to have potent antibacterial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties which make them an attractive choice for future medical applications.
Das Lesen der Schundkämpfer
Authors: Rössel Raphael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In contrast to former research, this paper argues that moral crusaders strategically focused on the plot level of (historical) popular literature. This article asserts that text and reception need to be combined when analysing moral panicking about textual popular culture. This approach is presented by contextualising the public denigration of two distinct narrative elements of the imported dime novel series Nick Carter in Imperial Germany, namely its urban setting and its hands-on detective hero, with changes in the perception of city life and in criminological epistemology. Departing from this example, this contribution reflects on the general benefits of such an approach for reception-oriented criticism.
Reduzierte Romantik
Authors: Gardian Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adalbert Stifter’s writing scheme for the story collection Bunte Steine (Many-colored Stones) is based on a paradigm of restoration that aims at renewing an original – a paradigm he himself had applied as a conservator of art monuments. In contrast to the outcomes of his conservatory work, the contradictions inherent to restorative desire come to light in his literary texts. As a result, the ‘realistic’ text is undermined by a ‘romantic’ structure which is difficult to control.
Análisis psicosocial del suicidio en personas jóvenes indígenas Bribris
Authors: Arroyo Araya Helga , Herrera González Damián Gerardo 
Published: June 2019

Este artículo recupera el proceso reflexivo de construcción colectiva de saberes, realizado en conjunto con personas líderes, actores institucionales y personas jóvenes de las comunidades indígenas Bribris de “Sepecue, Shiroles, Suretka y Bambú”, durante el periodo de agosto del 2015 a julio del 2017. Como principal conclusión se destaca que el suicidio es la expresión de un trauma psicosocial zanjado por prácticas sistemáticas de colonización (históricas, sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales), que han incidido en el debilitamiento de las identidades culturales y de la construcción subjetiva en el territorio indígena Bribri. Sin embargo, la investigación también permite concluir que el vínculo y el fortalecimiento de lo cultural, constituyen las vías de resistencia para afrontar esta problemática.