bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Optical Fiber Communications to Bioimaging: Wavelength Division Multiplexing Technology for Simplified in vivo Large‐depth NIR‐IIb Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Mou Xuanjie , Wu Tianxiang , Zhao Yunlong , He Mubin , Wang Yalun , Zhang Mingxi , Qian Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared II (NIR‐II, 900–1880 nm) fluorescence confocal microscopy offers high spatial resolution and extensive in vivo imaging capabilities. However, conventional confocal microscopy requires precise pinhole positioning, posing challenges due to the small size of the pinhole and invisible NIR‐II fluorescence. To simplify this, a fiber optical wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) replaces dichroic mirrors and traditional pinholes for excitation and fluorescence beams, allowing NIR‐IIb (1500–1700 nm) fluorescence and excitation light to be coupled into the same optical fiber. This streamlined system seamlessly integrates key components—excitation light, detector, and scanning microscopy—via optical fibers. Compared to traditional NIR‐II confocal systems, the fiber optical WDM configuration offers simplicity and ease of adjustment. Notably, this simplified system successfully achieves optical sectioning imaging of mouse cerebral blood vessels up to 1000 µm in depth. It can discern tiny blood vessels (diameter: 4.57 µm) at 800 µm depth with a signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of 5.34. Additionally, it clearly visualizes liver vessels, which are typically challenging to image, down to a depth of 300 µm.
Starch Modification Using Sustainable Processing Technology: Impacts and Applications
Authors: Olawoye Babatunde , Popoola‐Akinola Oyekemi , Fagbohun Oladapo Fisoye , Adetola Deborah Bolutife , Adeloye Adenike Esther , Abdulwahab Abdulgafar Amoo , Ogunjemilusi Motunrayo Abigael , Olaoye Isaac Olatunde 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStarch is an important and abundant macromolecule which has a wide application in food, textile, pharmaceuticals, etc. Due to this, a novel characteristic of the starch is necessary compared to native starch which has limited application due to high shear stress, digestibility, strong hydrophobicity, low thermal stability, mechanical strength, as well as high retrogradation and syneresis. These limitations can be overcome through starch modification. However, most starch modifications are not environmentally and energy‐sustainable while some chemical methods have led to the release of hazardous substances into the environment. To surmount these challenges, there is a need for sustainable methods of starch modification to bring about desirable properties. Therefore, this article reviews critically some sustainable technologies such as pulsed electric field, cold plasma treatment, ultrasonication, microwave, gamma radiation, and dynamic pressure used in starch modification. Their effects on the physicochemical and functional properties of starch such as crystallinity, granular, and molecular structures are reviewed. Applications of the starch as affected by various sustainable techniques in various food and non‐food systems are also reviewed. In general, the sustainable techniques of starch modification improve the functionalities of the starch and help in meeting the ever‐increasing market for reliable food and industrial ingredients.
Investigation on the flexural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete slabs incorporating Metakaolin and Nano‐silica composite
Authors: G Angelin Lincy , R Velkennedy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeopolymer concrete (GPC) is an innovative construction material that shows great potential. Not only is it environmentally friendly in its manufacturing process, but it also has a minimal carbon footprint. By reducing CO2 emissions and offering a long‐term solution to the depletion of natural resources, GPC presents itself as a promising option. In this study, ambient cured GPC was prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), NaOH, Na2SiO3, manufactured sand, and natural coarse aggregates. Additionally, Metakaolin and Nano‐silica were incorporated into the mix at volume fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Nano‐silica 0.5% and 1% respectively. To assess the practicality of these elements in structural applications, Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs were casted and their flexural behavior was studied. Experimental evaluations were conducted under four‐point bending conditions. Furthermore, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed using the ANSYS APDL tool to compare the experimental results. It is evident from the findings that SL2 (Metakaolin 30% + Nano‐silica 0.5%) exhibited superior properties compared to SL1 (Metakaolin 30%) in all aspects. This research showcases how GPC can be optimized for enhanced structural performance and contributes toward sustainable construction practices.
Evidence of graphical literacy in students' oral presentations: An example from undergraduate chemistry education
Authors: Silva de Lima Mikeas , Pozzer Lilian , Queiroz Salete Linhares 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of scholarly and scientific discourse, students often have to deal with graphic‐visual modes of communication, which requires their ability to comprehend and utilize inscriptions, that is, scientific visual representations, to convey information effectively—what we call graphical literacy. Despite its pivotal role for training scientists and facilitating scientific communication, there is a lack of resources for assessing the graphical literacy of undergraduate students during oral presentations (OPs), a common assignment in post‐secondary educational contexts. This study addresses this gap by investigating the graphical literacy of first‐year chemistry undergraduate students by analyzing the inscriptions they used during multimodal OPs designed to display the resolution of a problem posed through interrupted case studies. Our results are presented as claims that highlight how students' engagement with inscriptions in OPs makes evident their graphical literacy. These findings have significant implications for educators, providing guidance for assessing graphical literacy and the effective use of inscriptions in OPs.
Current Understandings and Open Hypotheses on Extracellular Circular RNAs
Authors: Verwilt Jasper , Vromman Marieke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed RNA loops present in humans and other organisms. Various circRNAs have an essential role in diseases, including cancer. Cells can release circRNAs into the extracellular space of adjacent biofluids and can be present in extracellular vesicles. Due to their circular nature, extracellular circRNAs (excircRNAs) are more stable than their linear counterparts and are abundant in many biofluids, such as blood plasma and urine. circRNAs' link with disease suggests their extracellular counterparts have high biomarker potential. However, circRNAs and the extracellular space are challenging research domains, as they consist of complex biological systems plagued with nomenclature issues and a wide variety of protocols with different advantages and disadvantages. Here, we summarize what is known about excircRNAs, the current challenges in the field, and what is needed to improve extracellular circRNA research.
Experimental on Distributed Heating Fiber Optic Sensing for Typical Seepage of Embankment
Authors: Zhang Tao , Su Huaizhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeepage is an important factor affecting the safety of embankment engineering. It is of great significance to strengthen seepage monitoring, obtain hidden danger information in time and deal with it scientifically for ensuring the safety of the whole embankment. Guided by the heating optical fiber sensing theory, a large scale embankment model optical fiber testing platform was designed and built. With this platform, model tests of large scale embankment are carried out under three typical conditions, including variable water level, different tangential flow velocity and different rainfall patterns. The sensing efficiency of heating fiber to seepage behavior of embankment model driven by different hydraulic conditions is compared and analyzed, and the key results are summarized. The heating fiber method has little effect on expanding the monitoring range, but it can improve the sensitivity. The optical fiber in the infiltrated area has a stronger sensing ability to frequency and amplitude of fluctuations. Tangential flow velocity was positively correlated with temperature variation only in the infiltration zone. The cumulative effect of rainfall on the seepage field can be monitored.
Study on Permeable Floor Based on Gray Analysis and AHP
Authors: Bai Jianguang , Wang Jianjun , Zhou Tianping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe urbanization process leads to many problems with resources and environment, and the problem of urban flooding is particularly prominent. The permeable floor can solve the problem of urban flooding from the perspective of ecology. Based on simulated rainfall, load test, freeze–thaw cycle test and so on, a comprehensive evaluation of permeable floor is carried out from the aspects of functional application, ecological effect and economy by means of gray analysis and AHP. It is showed that the permeable floor can reduce surface runoff and meet the functional requirements of floor. The evaluation of permeable floor mainly needs considering functional application and ecological effect index. The major factor of functional application is bearing capacity. The major factor of ecological effect is capability of conserving water. The major factor of economy is maintenance cost and durability. The gray evaluation result is between excellent and good when 4 level evaluation gray class which includes excellent, good, medium and poor is used. This study provides a reference for the solution of urban flooding and the evaluation of ecological floor.
Research on the Optimization Layout of the Connection Layout of the Multi-lock Dam Plain River Network and Pond River System in Langfang City, China
Authors: Feng Shuo , Zhao Jinyong , Zhang Jing , Fu Yicheng , Peng Wenqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn view of the uneven distribution of water resources in the multi-lock and dam plains, the insufficient connection and layout of river systems such as isolated wetlands and pond barriers in floodplains, resulting in insufficient water resources allocation capacity, poor flood storage and drainage, and serious water ecological damage. Taking Langfang City as an example, based on graph theory and complex network theory, considering the flow capacity of DAMS and gates and human demand for water landscape, the importance of rivers and canals in river network—optimizing river network layout—establishing comprehensive evaluation index system of river network layout—comprehensive evaluation is taken as the main line to evaluate and determine the importance of rivers and canals in river network. The overall layout of river network connectivity in the north, middle and south regions of Langfang is optimized and evaluated. The results show that there are large differences in the current layout of waterways in the three regions, with poor river network connectivity in the southern part of the Langfang. The overall layout of the optimized river network was improved by 13.0%, 3.0% and 12.4% compared to the overall layout in Langfang. The optimized scheme provides technical support and theoretical basis for the optimal implementation of the regional river and lake connectivity project in Langfang.
Optimal Arrangement of Pressure Monitoring Points in Water Supply Network Based on Intelligent Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Fei Jiangang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAiming at the optimal arrangement of pressure monitoring points in urban water supply network, with the goal of maximizing the monitoring range, an optimal arrangement model of monitoring points is constructed, considering the pressure correlation, node flow sensitivity and the effectiveness of the water flow path in the pipe network. Taking an urban water supply pipe network in East China as an example, the model is solved by three kinds of population intelligent algorithms: Krill Harvesting Algorithm (KHA), Bat Algorithm (BA), and Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO). The optimization results of the three algorithms are compared in various aspects, and it is found that the KHA algorithm shows the most excellent search accuracy and efficiency in the problem of optimal arrangement of monitoring points, because of the strong global optimization ability and not easy to fall into local optimal solutions.
All order factorization for virtual Compton scattering at next-to-leading power
Authors: Schoenleber Jakob , Szafron Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We discuss all-order factorization for the virtual Compton process at next-to-leading power (NLP) in the ΛQCD/Q and $$ \sqrt{-t} $$

−
t

/Q expansion (twist-3), both in the double-deeply-virtual case and the single-deeply-virtual case. We use the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) as the main theoretical tool. We conclude that collinear factorization holds in the double-deeply virtual case, where both photons are far off-shell. The agreement is found with the known results for the hard matching coefficients at leading order $$ {\alpha}_s^0 $$

α
s
0

, and we can therefore connect the traditional approach with SCET. In the single-deeply-virtual case, commonly called deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), the contribution of non-target collinear regions complicates the factorization. These include momentum modes collinear to the real photon and (ultra)soft interactions between the photon-collinear and target-collinear modes. However, such contributions appear only for the transversely polarized virtual photon at the NLP accuracy and in fact it is the only NLP ~ (ΛQCD/Q)1 ~ ($$ \sqrt{-t} $$

−
t

/Q)1 contribution in that case. We therefore conclude that the DVCS amplitude for a longitudinally polarized virtual photon, where the leading power ~ (ΛQCD/Q)0 ~ ($$ \sqrt{-t} $$

−
t

/Q)0 contribution vanishes, is free of non-target collinear contributions and the collinear factorization in terms of twist-3 GPDs holds in that case as well.
Stretched horizon from conformal field theory
Authors: Das Suchetan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, it has been observed that the Hartle-Hawking correlators, a signature of smooth horizon, can emerge from certain heavy excited state correlators in the (manifestly non-smooth) BTZ stretched horizon background, in the limit when the stretched horizon approaches the real horizon. In this note, we develop a framework of quantizing the CFT modular Hamiltonian, that explains the necessity of introducing a stretched horizon and the emergence of thermal features in the AdS-Rindler and (planar) BTZ backgrounds. In more detail, we quantize vacuum modular Hamiltonian on a spatial segment of S1, which can be written as a particular linear combination of sl(2,ℝ) generators. Unlike radial quantization, (Euclidean) time circles emerge naturally here which can be contracted smoothly to the ‘fixed points’(end points of the interval) of this quantization thus providing a direct link to thermal physics. To define a Hilbert space with discrete normalizable states and to construct a Virasoro algebra with finite central extension, a natural regulator (ϵ) is needed around the fixed points. Eventually, in the dual description the fixed points correspond to the horizons of AdS-Rindler patch or (planar) BTZ and the cut-off being the stretched horizon. We construct a (Lorentzian) highest weight representation of that Virasoro algebra where vacuum can be identified with certain boundary states on the cut-off surface. We further demonstrate that two point function in a (vacuum) descendant state of the regulated Hilbert space will reproduce thermal answer in ϵ → 0 limit which is analogous to the recent observation of emergent thermality in (planar) BTZ stretched horizon background. We also argue the thermal entropy of this quantization coincides with entanglement entropy of the subregion. Conversely, the microcanonical entropy corresponding to high energy density of states exactly reproduce the BTZ entropy. Quite remarkably, all these dominant high lying microstates are defined only at finite ϵ in the regulated Hilbert space. We expect that all our observations can be generalized to BTZ in stretched horizon background where the boundary spatial coordinate is compactified.
Black hole solutions to Einstein-Bel-Robinson gravity
Authors: Sajadi S. N. , Mann Robert B. , Sheikhahmadi H. , Khademi M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the physical properties of black holes in the framework of the recently proposed Einstien-Bel-Robinson gravity. We show that interestingly the theory propagates a transverse and massless graviton on a maximally symmetric background with positive energy. There is also a single ghost-free branch that returns to the Einstein case when β → 0. We find new black hole solutions to the equations, both approximate and exact, the latter being a constant curvature black hole solution, and discuss inconsistencies with metrics that were previously claimed to be approximate solutions to the equations. We obtain the conserved charges of the theory and briefly study the thermodynamics of the black hole solutions.
Size winding mechanism beyond maximal chaos
Authors: Zhou Tian-Gang , Gu Yingfei , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The concept of information scrambling elucidates the dispersion of local information in quantum many-body systems, offering insights into various physical phenomena such as wormhole teleportation. This phenomenon has spurred extensive theoretical and experimental investigations. Among these, the size-winding mechanism emerges as a valuable diagnostic tool for optimizing signal detection. In this work, we establish a computational framework for determining the winding size distribution in all-to-all interacting quantum systems, utilizing the scramblon effective theory. We obtain the winding size distribution for the large-q SYK model across the entire time domain, where potential late-time corrections can be crucial for finite-N systems. Notably, we unveil that the manifestation of size winding results from a universal phase factor in the scramblon propagator, highlighting the significance of the Lyapunov exponent. These findings contribute to a sharp and precise connection between operator dynamics and the phenomenon of wormhole teleportation.
Modification methods of the Stokes’ kernel for determining the (quasi-) geoid with the Remove-Compute-Restore technique
Authors: Ma Jian , Wei Ziqing , Zhai Zhenhe , Li Duan , Feng Changqiang , Liu Xiaogang , Guan Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe geoid and quasi-geoid serve as the reference surfaces of the orthometric and normal height systems, respectively. In order to improve the accuracy of the (quasi-) geoid determined by the Stokes integral with use of the Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) technique, various modification methods for the spherical Stokes’ kernels, including the spheroidal, cosine-, power-, and Molodensky-modified kernels, are studied in this paper. In addition to the traditional Molodensky-modified Stokes’ kernel, a more effective Molodensky-modified Stokes’ kernel is put forward. A general formula for spectral decomposition of the Stokes integral in the RCR mode is derived, followed by the spectral analysis to reveal the transfer principles of gravity data when using different Stokes’ kernels. The spheroidal and modified Stokes integrals can cause spectral leakage phenomenon, and a method to eliminate spectral leakage is presented based on spectral analysis. The research indicates the low truncation degree of the spheroidal Stokes’ kernel and the low modification degrees of the modified Stokes’ kernel affect the accuracy of the (quasi-) geoid significantly. Quantitative methods for estimating the empirical values of the parameters of the low-degree spheroidal and modified Stokes’ kernels are proposed and the effectiveness of the methods is validated through numerical tests.
Health Disparities in Exercise Performance in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jones Andrea L. , Xiao Rui , Williamson Ariel A. , Benn Hadiya , Stephens Paul , Bhatt Shivani M. , Mercer-Rosa Laura , Weiss Pamela F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBlack patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have higher mortality than White patients. Health disparities related to other patient-important outcomes, such as exercise performance, have not been studied in this population. We aimed to determine if there are racial disparities related to exercise performance in patients with TOF and to investigate possible mediators of those disparities. We conducted a retrospective single center study of patients aged 8–25 years with repaired TOF who completed maximal cardiorespiratory exercise tests between 2007 and 2020. The primary outcome was percent predicted oxygen consumption at peak exercise. We used linear regression to determine if race was associated with exercise performance. We used mediation analysis to investigate insurance coverage and neighborhood Child Opportunity Index as possible mediators of this relationship. The study cohort included 163 patients with TOF (136 non-Hispanic/Latinx White and 27 non-Hispanic/Latinx Black). In multivariable analysis, Black patients had a lower percent predicted peak oxygen consumption than White patients by 6.71 percentage points (95% CI − 12.71, − 0.70; p = 0.029). Mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of race through insurance coverage accounted for 34.1% of the decrease in exercise performance. Child Opportunity Index was not a statistically significant mediator. Black patients with TOF had worse exercise performance than White patients. Differences in insurance coverage accounted for a significant portion of this difference. Exercise performance is an important outcome for patients with TOF, and further investigation is needed to better understand this disparity and develop interventions to address it.
Directional flow in perivascular networks: mixed finite elements for reduced-dimensional models on graphs
Authors: Gjerde Ingeborg G. , Kuchta Miroslav , Rognes Marie E. , Wohlmuth Barbara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlow of cerebrospinal fluid through perivascular pathways in and around the brain may play a crucial role in brain metabolite clearance. While the driving forces of such flows remain enigmatic, experiments have shown that pulsatility is central. In this work, we present a novel network model for simulating pulsatile fluid flow in perivascular networks, taking the form of a system of Stokes–Brinkman equations posed over a perivascular graph. We apply this model to study physiological questions concerning the mechanisms governing perivascular fluid flow in branching vascular networks. Notably, our findings reveal that even long wavelength arterial pulsations can induce directional flow in asymmetric, branching perivascular networks. In addition, we establish fundamental mathematical and numerical properties of these Stokes–Brinkman network models, with particular attention to increasing graph order and complexity. By introducing weighted norms, we show the well-posedness and stability of primal and dual variational formulations of these equations, and that of mixed finite element discretizations.