bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SORPTION-DESORPTION MECHANISM OF Zn(II) AND Cd(II) ON CHITIN
Authors: Santosa Sri Juari , Narsito Narsito , Lesbani Aldes 
Published: January 2019

This study reports the results of the elucidation of the sorption-desorption mechanism of Zn(II) and Cd(II) on chitin through the determination of capacity, energy, and rate constant of sorption as well as the investigation of their desorption properties in NaCl and Na2EDTA solutions. The chitin was isolated through deproteination followed by demineralization of crab (Portunus pelagicus Linn) shell using NaOH solutions. The sorption of both metal ions followed the Langmuir isotherm model, resulting the sorption capacities of 3.2 x 10-4 and 2.8 x 10-4 mol g-1 for Zn(II) and Cd(II), respectively, and sorption energies of 15.1 kJ mol-1 for Zn(II) and 17.9 kJ mol-1 for Cd(II). It was also observed that Zn(II) was sorbed slightly faster than Cd(II) with first order sorption rate constants of 2.82 x 10-3 min-1 for Zn(II) and 2.61 x 10-3 min-1 for Cd(II). The result of the desorption experiment showed that Cd(II) and especially Zn(II) could only be exchanged by Na(I) after desorbing those metal ions by strong chelating agent of EDTA2-. The easier desorption of Zn(II) than Cd(II) by EDTA2- must be attributed by the smaller sorption energy of Zn(II) and by harder acid property of Zn(II) than Cd(II) as EDTA2- contained hard electron donor elements. Keywords: sorption, desorption, chitin, Zn(II), Cd(II)
CALLUS INDUCTION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF <i>Cannabis sativa</i> CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Eucharia Ogbuadike , Chang Wen-Te , Verpoorte Robert 
Published: January 2019

Callus of Cannabis sativa has been successfully induced from C. sativa explants and seedings. It seems that flowers are the best explant for callus induction and induction under light also give better results than induction in dark. Four cell culture lines were established from flower induced callus. Phytochemical profiles of C. sativa suspension cell cultures were investigated using HPLC and 1H-NMR. Cannabinoids and phenolic compounds related to cannabinoids such as flavonoids could not be found in the cell suspension cultures and there is no major chemical difference between the cell lines though they can visually be distinguished by their colors. Only in one cell line some aromatic compounds in the water/methanol extract could be observed in the 1H-NMR. Further investigations showed that none of these compounds are flavonoids. It seems that lack of cannabinoids in the cell cultures is related to lack of polyketide synthase activity. Keywords: Callus, Cannabis, phytochemical
(-)-AMPELOPSIN A : A DIMER RESVERATROL FROM <i>Dryobalanops oblongifolia</i> (dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Aminah Nanik Siti , Achmad Sjamsul Arifin , Niwa Masatake , Syah Yana Maolana , Hakim Euis Holisotan 
Published: January 2019

A dimer resveratrol compound named (-)-ampelopsin A was isolated from acetone extract of the stem bark of Dryobalanops oblongifolia (Dipterocarpaceae). The structure of this compound was determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. Keywords: (-)-ampelopsin A, Dryobalanops oblongifolia, Dipterocarpaceae
FLUORESCENCE STUDIES FOR IN SITU MONITORING OF THE HYDROLYSIS AND POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS OF ORGANICALLY –MODIFIED TETRAMETHYLORTHOSILICATE
Authors: Kunarti Eko Sri 
Published: January 2019

Monitoring of hydrolysis and condensation polymerization reactions of tetramethylorthosilicate-organosiloxane have been carried out. Proton transfer from the excited state of 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt (pyranine) to surrounding water molecules was used as a sensitive fluorescence method for following the kinetics of water consumption during the early stages of the sol-gel polymerisation process. Changes in water/silane ratio, type of organosiloxane, mol ratio of organosiloxane to silica precursor and pH affected markedly the kinetic behavior of the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetramethylorthosilicate. Keywords: hydrolysis, polymerisation, fluorescence, pyranine, tetramethylorthosilicate, organosiloxane.
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SILK COTTON WOOD AND COCONUT SHELL BY PYROLISIS WITH CERAMIC FURNACE
Authors: Haryadi Winarto , Muchalal Muchalal , Cahyono Robby Noor 
Published: January 2019

Preparation of activated carbon from silk cotton wood and coconut shell has been done. Carbon was made by pyrolysis process in the Muchalal furnace with 3000 watt electric power. The electric power was increased gradually from 1000, 2000 and then 3000 watt with interval 2 hours during 7 hours. Carbon was activated in Muchalal furnace with 4000 watt electric power during 2 hours and flowed with nitrogen gas. Product of the activated carbon was compared to standart product with several analysis including the surface area, acetic acid adsorption, iod adsorption and vapour adsorption. The results of analysis showed that surface area for silk cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and E.Merck product were 288.8072 m2/g, 222.9387 m2/g and 610.5543 m2/g, respectively. Acetic acid adsorption for silk cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and standart product were 157.391 mg/g, 132.791 mg/g, and 186.911 mg/g, respectively. Iodine adsorption for cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and standart product were 251.685 mg/g, 207.270 mg/g and 310.905 mg/g, respectively. Vapour adsorption for cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon and standart product were 12%, 4%,and 14%., respectively Key words	: Activated carbon, pyrolysis, Muchalal furnace
GROWTH RATE DISPERSION (GRD) OF THE (010) FACE OF BORAX CRYSTALS IN FLOWING SOLUTION
Authors: Suharso Suharso , Parkinson Gordon , Ogden Mark 
Published: January 2019

The growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (010) direction at various flow rates were measured. The observed variations of the growth rate can be represented by a normal distribution. It was found that there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and solution flow under these experimental conditions. Keywords: Growth rate dispersion (GRD), borax, flow rate
SYNTHESIS NEW POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT SODIUM SALT OF PENTAGAMAVUNON-0
Authors: Istyastono Enade Perdana , Siwi S.M.P Rr. Sri Untari , Utama Andreas Asdi , A.M Supardjan 
Published: January 2019

Inflammation is the response of living tissues to injury. The process affects physiological changes such as erythema, edema, asthma and fever. Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have been developed since they could inhibit inflammation process because of its ability to inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandin, one of inflammation mediators, through inhibition of cyclooxigenase (COX) enzymes. Molecules, which have been reported having anti-inflammatory activity, for example, are curcumin, some curcumin derivatives and curcumin analogues. One of curcumin analogues that has been developed is pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) whose IUPAC name is 2,5-bis(4'-hidroxy-3'-methoxy-benzylidene)cyclo-pentanone. But PGV-0, which is like curcumin, practically insoluble in water, so it causes problems in the development. The aim of this research is to synthesize a derivative of PGV-0, a natrium salt of PGV-0 (natrium pentagamavunonate-0/Na-pentagamavunonate-0), which is hoped to have a better anti-inflammatory activity and solubility in water than PGV-0. PGV-0 was synthesized by reacting vanillin and cyclopentanone catalized by acid. Na-pentagamavunonate-0 was synthesized with PGV-0 as a starting material using an appropriate method. This research was able to synthesize new compound that was estimated as a natrium salt of PGV-0 (natrium pentagamavunonate-0/Na-pentagamavunonate-0). Keywords: Curcumin, PGV-0, Na-pentagamavunonate-0, anti-inflammation
A TRITERPENOID SAPONIN FROM SEEDS OF KOLOWE (<i>Chydenanthus excelsus</i>)
Authors: Rijai Laode , Sutardjo Supriyatna , Bahti Husein Hernandi , Supratman Unang , Rumampuk Rymond J. , Taylor W.C. 
Published: January 2019

A triterpenoid saponin have been isolated from n-butanol fraction of the seeds of kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus). The structure was determined as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)- β - D-glucuronopyranosyloxy]- 22α -O-(2-methylbutiroyloxyolean-12-en-15α,16α,28-tri-hydroxy. Structure elucidation was accomplished by NMR (HMBC, HMQC/HSQC, ROE, ROESY, TOCSY) methods, ESIMS, and IR spectroscopic. Keywords: Chydenanthus excelsus, Lecythidaceae, Triterpenoid saponin
CYTOTOXICITY IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUPERNATANT OF <i>Manihot esculenta Crantz</i> RHIZOME AS RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN TO NORMAL CELL
Authors: Astuti Endang , Matsjeh Sabirin , Haryadi Winarto , Pranowo Deni , Mulatsih Nuning Sri 
Published: January 2019

The supernatant of Manihot esculenta Crantz rhizome has been used as an alternative remedy of infectious and cancer in Jogjakarta. Cytotoxicity assay showed that Manihot esculenta Crantz supernatant had cytotoxic effect to cancer cell line, namely Myeloma (LC50 = 180,24 μg/mL) and HeLa (LC50 = 415,55 μg/mL), but have a little cytotoxic effect to SiHa. This research was aimed to identify cytotoxic activity of Manihot esculenta Crantz's supernatant to normal cell, particularly to human mononuclear cell and Vero cell line, and to compare to the cancer cell lines. The result showed that supernatant of M. esculenta had cytotoxic effect to normal mononuclear cell (LC50 = 564,00 μg/mL) and Vero cell line (LC50 = 686,00 μg/mL). The supernatant of M. esculenta had the highest cytotoxic activity to myeloma and relatively toxic to cervix cancer HeLa and normal cell, but less to SiHa. Keywords: Manihot esculenta Crantz, Ribosome-inactivating Protein (RIP), cytotoxic, normal cell, cancer cell
STUDY OF EPOXIDE DECYCLISATION OF CARYOPHYLENE OXIDE WITH SYNTHETIC ZEOLITE AS CATALYSTS
Authors: Haryadi Winarto , Muchalal M. 
Published: January 2019

The reaction of epoxide ring opening of caryophillene oxide has been done using zeolite H-Y, H-sodalit, and H-ZSM-5 as catalysts. The reactions were done in two types, there were in dioxane solvent at temperature of 110 oC and without solvent at temperature of 175 oC. The catalyst weight was 10 % from caryophillene oxide weight, and the time of reaction was four hours. The product of reaction was analyzed using GC, FTIR, and GC-MS. The reactions of caryophillene oxide in dioxane solvent with the three kinds of zeolites did not give any targeted product. Whereas, the reactions without solvent gave three main products, there was one compound with one group of secondary hidroxyl (secondary alcohol), and two compounds of ketone from caryophillene. The reaction product of caryophillene oxide obtained without using solvent with the three type of catalysts were then compared. Conversion of three main products produced by H-ZSM-5 catalyst, H-sodalit catalyst and H-Y catalyst were 82.11 %, 54.92 % and 38.53 % respectively. For that reason, the transformation of caryophillene oxide using H-ZSM-5 catalyst was considered to be the best selective product. The alcohol product was resulted from reaction between caryophillene oxide and Bronsted acid, and the ketone products was resulted from the reaction with Lewis acid in zeolite. Keywords: Epoxide ring opening, HY, H-sodalit and HZSM-5
QUANTITATIVE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS ANALYSIS ANTIMUTAGENIC BENZALACETONE DERIVATIVES BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Jumina Jumina , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: January 2019

Quantitative Electronic Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of a series of benzalacetones has been investigated based on semi empirical PM3 calculation data using Principal Components Regression (PCR). Investigation has been done based on antimutagen activity from benzalacetone compounds (presented by log 1/IC50) and was studied as linear correlation with latent variables (Tx) resulted from transformation of atomic net charges using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). QSAR equation was determinated based on distribution of selected components and then was analysed with PCR. The result was described by the following QSAR equation : log 1/IC50 = 6.555 + (2.177).T1 + (2.284).T2 + (1.933).T3 The equation was significant on the 95% level with statistical parameters : n = 28 r = 0.766 SE = 0.245 Fcalculation/Ftable = 3.780 and gave the PRESS result 0.002. It means that there were only a relatively few deviations between the experimental and theoretical data of antimutagenic activity. New types of benzalacetone derivative compounds were designed and their theoretical activity were predicted based on the best QSAR equation. It was found that compounds number 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49 and 50 have a relatively high antimutagenic activity. Keywords: QSAR; antimutagenic activity; benzalaceton; atomic net charge
THE INFLUENCE OF Si/Al MOLE RATIO OF PRECURSOR SOLUTION ON THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF MCM-41 FROM FLY ASH
Authors: Sutarno Sutarno , Arryanto Yateman , Wigati Stefani 
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of MCM-41 from fly ash was done hydrothermally at 100°C for 72 hours using supernatant of fly ash solution, sodium silicate, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide (CTMAOH) surfactants. The effect of Si/Al mole ratio of precursor solution on the structural properties of MCM-41 was studied by variation of the volume composition of supernatant and sodium silicate. The surfactant was removed by calcination at 550°C for 5 hours with heating rate 2°C/minute. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption methods. The XRD pattern proved that the samples were MCM-41 and the higher the Si/Al mole ratio of precursor solution resulted MCM-41 with higher crystallinity. Calcination was able to remove the CTMAOH surfactant. It was identified by the disappearance of the peak at 3000-2850 cm-1, which is characteristic for CTMAOH. The XRD pattern of calcined MCM-41 showed the decrease of dspacing and the increase of crystallinity. MCM-41 synthesized with Si/Al mole ratio of precursor solution=44.5 showed the highest crystallinity and has specific surface area=694.5 m2/g, average pore diameter=35Å and pore wall thickness=13.6Å. Keywords: fly ash, Si/Al mole ratio, MCM-41, crystallinity
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND MELTING POINT OF SEVERAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Tahir Iqmal , Wijaya Karna , Yahya M Utoro , Yapin Muzakky 
Published: January 2019

Quantitative Structure - Property Relationships (QSPR) analysis of the Melting Point (m.p) of 349 organic compounds using molecular descriptors based on linear regression have been done. The experiment m.p. values were collected from the CRC Hand Book of Chemistry and Physic 81th [1]. Molecular description of each compound was described in the form of the number of atoms and number of chemical bonding. This study was made in the form of normal melting point (in Kelvin unit) as the linear function of all molecular descriptor. The best equation model was determined by regression multilinear analysis and the result showed that the melting point is linearly correlated with: n(Csek alf), n(Cter alf), n(Csek sik), n(Cter sik), n(Csek arm), n(Cter arm), n(O), n(N), n(F), n(Cl), n(C-C sik), n(C=C arm), n(C1=C2), n(C2=C3), n(C-O), n(C-Br), n(C-I), n(N-H), n(Z), n(ortho), n(meta), n(para), (BM), n(C-H)2, n(H x BM) and n(Cprim x BM). The QSPR equation is significant at 95 % level and has statistical parameters: n = 349, r = 0.943, SD = 24.336 and Fexp = 99.326, respectively. Keywords: QSPR, melting point
OPTIMATION OF TIME AND CATALYST/FEED RATIO IN CATALYTIC CRACKING OF WASTE PLASTICS FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION USING Cr/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega 
Published: January 2019

Optimation of time and catalyst/feed ratio in catalytic cracking of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction using Cr/Natural Zeolite catalyst has been studied.The natural zeolite was calcined by using nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 5 hours. The chromium supported on to the zeolite was prepared by ion exchange methode with Cr(NO3)3.9H2O solution with chromium/zeolite concentration of 1% (w/w). The zeolite samples were then calcined with nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 2 hours, oxidyzed with oxygen gas and reduced with hydrogen at 400 oC for 2 hours. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by means of Si/Al ratio by UV-Vis spectroscopy, acidity with pyridine vapour adsorption and Na, Ca and Cr contents by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The catalyst activity test was carried out in the cracking process of waste plastics fraction with boiling point range of 150 - 250 °C (consisted of C12 - C16 hydrocarbons) at 450 oC for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min, and catalyst/feed ratio 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ¼ (w/w). The result of catalyst activity test showed that the maximum number conversion of gasoline fraction (C5-C11) is 53,27% with relatively low coke formation using 1/3 catalyst/feed ratio and the cracking time of 60 min.. This catalyst has Si/Al ratio = 1,21 (w/w) , acidity = 0,16 mmol/g and Na content = 0,81%, Ca content = 0,15% and Cr content 0,24%. Keywords: zeolite, catalytic cracking, gasoline, chromium.
KINETICS OF THE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AchE) INHIBITION
Authors: Yanuar Hendry 
Published: January 2019

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is an enzyme, which work on acetylcholine hydrolysis. Some insecticides can inhibit the activities of this enzyme. The purpose of this research was determined the kinetics of the AchE inhibition over the organophosphate and carbamat inhibitors with the methylindoxylacetate (MIA) as a substrate. The AchE extract was obtained from the local honeybee head (100 heads on the 5 mL of phosphate buffer 0.05 M). Based on the preliminary analysis, the volume of the enzyme extract for the reaction rate was 100 mL on 1-5 mL of the substrate. Monocrothopos, Carbophenathion, Baycarb and MIPC were used as inhibitors which the concentration were 0.0018, 0.0030, and 0.0042 mg/mL respectively. The reaction rate were measured by Fluorescence HPLC Monitor (Shimadzu RF 535) at 540 nm, and some computational program were used on data analysis. The result of this research showed that the maximum rate of MIA hydrolysis by AchE without the presence of inhibitor was 5.16 mL/s and the hydrolysis constant (Km) was 3.49, and the inhibitors did not influence the maximum rate of substrate hydrolysis. It was finally concluded that the kinetics of AchE inhibition on MIA hydrolysis over the organophosphate and carbamat inhibitors was the competitive inhibition. Keyword: acetylcholinesterase, inhibition, organophosphate, carbamat
WHY PEOPLE MOVE: A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN MIGRATION
Authors: Faturochman Faturochman 
Published: January 2019

Adanya arus masuk penduduk dari desa ke kou temyata tidak hanya sebagai dampak dari daya tarik kota saja, akan tetapi ada faktor- faktor internal atau karakteristik-karakteristik individu lainnya yang mempengaruhinya. Beberapa faktor tersebut mendasari keputusan seseorang untuk melakukan migrasi. Tulisan ini mengupas tentang migrasi dari sudut pandang psikologi. Sisi pertama adalah membahas tentang karakteristik-karakteristik individu yang secara potensial mempengaruhi penduduk untuk melakukan migrasi. Sisi kedua adalah proses psikologis yang disebabkan oleh kondisi sosial ekonomi sehingga menekan seseorang berkeputusan untuk melakukan migrasi.
SIAPA YANG MENGAMBIL MANFAAT DARI PELAYANAN KIA DI INDONESIA TIMUR? ANALISIS DATA SDH 1991*
Authors: Hasanbasri Mubasyir 
Published: January 2019

Maternaland Child Health (MCH) program has been an important national policy measure to prevent child death and to promote child health. In consideration of government restricted budget, the size of and spreadity of Indonesian population, government has provided at least one health center for every subdistrict and has promoted community participation through community based health post to reach the out reach population. This study seeks to explore community's utilization of this program and assesses whether the program has reached the priotity target groups such as the children with uneducated mothers and lower economic status. The 1991 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data is used and sampel of 860 children of 12-23 month old from eastern Indonesiaisthe focus of analysis. Logistic regression is used as multivariate analysis. The resultshows that the MCH program seems to have solved accessibility problem of economic constraint, however, contrary to the high priority groups being targeted, lower educated mothers use less services than those of more educated. This may be associated with lack of appropriate local conceptual framework in understanding preventive health behaviour among uneducated mothers and less progressive efforts in enforcing the need for social participation from the uneducated mothers.
KASUS KELAHIRAN YANG TIDAK DIINGINKAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA ANALISIS DATA SDKI 1991
Authors: Soetjipto Helly Prajitno , Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

This study is intended to pursue the previous attempts in examining the relationship between low fertility regime and the case of births which had been delivered unintendedly in Yogyakarta. Using an unweighted sample of 575 married women in the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 1991, this study found that 75 cases out of 474 last birth children were bom unintendedly (beyond the range of ideal number of children). Most of the 75 cases were bom by women who have 2 or 3 ideal number of children and by a devoted Family Planning acceptors. Most of the women have limited accesses in education and economic activities. The case of unwantednes were found predominantly among women older than 25 years. Even though only a tentative findings, this study shed some light to the fact that Family Planning program to some extent may contribute to the rate of unwantedness. Apolicy is needed especially in reducing the risk of unwantedness among the low-income women.
GLOBALIZATION AND URBAN CHANGE
Authors: Korff Rudiger 
Published: January 2019

Kota-kota besar memiliki peranan yang cukup penting di dalam proses perubahan, terutama yang berhubungandengan global isasi sekarang ini. Namun demikian, tidak berarti bahwa setiap orang memiliki kebudayaan yang sama di dalam proses ini, dan perbedaan-pcrbedaan yang muncul justru merupakan sisi yang lain dari globalisasi. Kenyataan ini disebabkan oleb proses nasionalisasi yang terjadi mengiringi globalisasi. Kalaulah globalisasi dianggap sebagai integrasi ke dalam suatu sistem dunia, maka di masa-masa kolonial pun banyak negara berkembang terintegrasi ke dalam suatu sistem administratif dan eksploitatif.Tulisan ini juga menolak penjelasan tentang era posmodemisme sekarang ini, dengan bcrpendapat bahwa modernitas dan rasionalitas belum sampai ke titik akhir dan pola hidup yang ada sekarang masih lebih bersifat modern.
DETERMINANTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF UNMARRIED COHABITATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON MARRIAGE: WESTERN EXPERIENCES
Authors: Faturochman Faturochman 
Published: January 2019

Hidup bersama tanpa nikah merupakan fenomena yang tidak asing di Barat. Ada beberapa aspek menarik yang dapat dipelajari dari fenomena itu. Hasil-hasil penelitian menunjukkan latar belakang, karakteristikdan pola hubungan sosial yang spesifik pada individu yang memilih hidup bersama tanpa nikah. Hal lain yang menarik dari fenomena itu adalah efeknya terhadap perkawinan. Anggapan bahwa melakukan kumpul kebo sebelum nikah akan menurunkan risiko terjadinya perceraian, ternyata tidak terbukti. Tidak terbuktinya hipotesis bahwa kumpul kebo merupakan persiapan pernikahan memunculkan anggapan bahwa pola hubungan itu sebagai alternatif pernikahan atau upaya untuk tidak terikat. Ketiga anggapan itupun belum jelas terbukti dalam tulisan ini. Sementara itu ada anggapan yang kuat bahwa hakekat pernikahan tidak berubah dengan makin banyaknya pasangan yang memilih hidup tanpa nikah