bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to implant left bundle branch pacing lead in routine clinical practice
Authors: Chen Keping , Li Yuqiu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is characterized with a low and stable pacing capture threshold, relatively narrow QRS duration due to fast left ventricular activation, and direct excitation of the diseased left bundle branch. This report aims to describe the methods, procedural skills, and clinical implications of performing LBBP implantation.Methods and ResultsLBBP is achieved by transventricular‐septal approach. There are two methods to identify the location for LBBP lead placement: the single‐lead method and the dual‐lead method. During implantation, the unique transition of the paced QRS morphology and pacing parameter changes are important for guiding the lead ‐ advancement to the left side of the interventricular septum. In our experience, LBBP can be safely performed in most patients requiring pacemaker therapy.ConclusionClinical development of LBBP is at an early but encouraging phase with increasing clinical use, and a standardized procedure with improved delivery tools and pacing leads is needed, as well as long‐term efficacy and safety.
Inappropriate noise detection in Tendril family pacing leads
Authors: Zhu Dennis W. X. , Chu Matthew M. , Zager Andrew J. , House Chad M. , Xi Min , Zhi Emily W. , Zhu Leah L. , Lavell Kristen A. , Nelson William B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionNoise oversensing encountered in patients with Abbott Tendril leads in our hospital triggered an internal investigation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with a Tendril lead model 1688, 1788, 1888, and 2088. Most leads were connected to Abbott generators. To exclude a primary generator issue as the cause of noise oversensing, we enrolled a cohort of patients in whom Medtronic CapSureFix leads model 4076 and 5076 were prospectively connected to similar Abbott generators.ResultsA total of 1063 Tendril leads were implanted in 869 patients. Noise was encountered in 66 leads (6.2%) during a follow‐up of 3.9 years. Most affected leads had normal impedance and only a few of these patients were symptomatic. Reprogramming was attempted in 44 of 66 (67%), and reduced oversensing in 34 of 44 (77%) of these patients. Seventeen malfunctioning leads (1.5%) were replaced, including 16 of 66 (24%) of those with noise. Of the four leads with noise extracted and returned to the manufacturer, lead to device abrasion was identified in two and inner insulation breach in one. None of the 145 Medtronic CapSureFix leads connected to Abbott generators had noise during a follow‐up of 3.6 years.ConclusionNoise oversensing was relatively common in Tendril leads, but was not detected in Medtronic leads despite connecting to Abbott generators. Although the majority of the affected leads did not show abnormal impedance, outer or inner insulation breach was identified in three of the four returned leads. As patients with affected leads are generally asymptomatic, most of them can be managed conservatively.
Life stress moderates the effects of preschool behavioral inhibition on anxiety in early adolescence
Authors: Mumper Emma E. , Dyson Margaret W. , Finsaas Megan C. , Olino Thomas M. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough a robust body of literature implicates temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) as a prominent risk factor for anxiety disorders, many children with heightened BI do not develop anxiety. The current study examines the role of two forms of life stress (life events and natural disaster exposure) in moderating the relationship between BI in preschoolers and anxiety in early adolescence.MethodA community sample of 392 3‐year‐old children was administered a laboratory observational assessment of temperament. When children were a mean age 10, the region was struck by a devastating hurricane and exposure to disaster‐related stress was assessed. In early adolescence, youth and a parent were administered the UCLA Life Stress Interview (LSI) to assess behaviorally independent and dependent negative life events during the prior year and youth completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED).ResultsThe association between early childhood BI and anxiety symptoms in early adolescence was moderated by both independent life events and disaster‐related stress. Children high in BI at age 3 reported greater anxiety symptoms at age 12 after exposure to higher levels of both forms of stress.ConclusionsStress moderated the association between early BI and later anxiety. Importantly, this was evident for two different kinds of stressors that were independent of the child's behavior that increases confidence in the causal role of stress in the development of anxiety in high BI children.
Correlative X‐ray and neutron tomography of root systems using cadmium fiducial markers
Authors: CLARK T. , BURCA G. , BOARDMAN R. , BLUMENSATH T. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe interactions between plant roots and soil are an area of active research, particularly in terms of water and nutrient uptake. Because noninvasive, in vivo studies are required, tomographic imaging appears an obvious method to use, but no one imaging modality is well suited to capture the complete system. X‐ray imaging gives clear insight to soil structure and composition; however, water is comparatively transparent to X‐rays and biological matter also displays poor contrast with respect to the pores between soil particles. Neutron imaging presents a complementary view where water and biological matter are better distinguished but the soil minerals are not imaged as clearly as they would be with X‐rays.This work aims to develop robust methods for complementary X‐ray/neutron tomographic imaging of plant root samples which should lead to new insight into water and nutrient transport in soil. The key challenges of this project are to develop experiments that will meet the requirements of both imaging modalities as well as the biological requirements of the plant samples and to develop ways to register a pair of reconstructed volume images of a sample that will typically have been produced with entirely separate facilities. The use of cadmium fiducial markers for registration has been investigated. Simulations were conducted to investigate the expected registration accuracy as the quantity and distribution of the markers varied. The findings of these simulations were then tested experimentally as plant samples were grown and imaged using neutrons with the IMAT instrument at ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Harwell, and with X‐rays at µ‐VIS X‐ray Imaging Centre at the University of Southampton.Lay DescriptionThe interactions between plant roots and soil are an area of active research, particularly in terms of water and nutrient uptake. The samples used in this research are typically imaged so that they can be studied without digging up the roots and destroying the sample in the process. X‐ray and neutron imaging techniques have both been used as each can show different materials within the sample. Because neither can show all the components of the system by itself, this work explores methods for combining scans of the same sample to give a more complete image of the system. In particular this work focusses on the use of fiducial markers as a strategy for preparing the samples in such a way that the resulting images can be aligned. The effectiveness of this method was tested in simulation and then in practice. The samples used within this work were imaged using neutrons on the IMAT instrument at ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Harwell, and with X‐rays at µ‐VIS X‐ray Imaging Centre at the University of Southampton.
Writing Sound: Stenography, Writing Technology, and National Modernity in China, 1890s
Authors: Hou Dongchen 
Published: September 2019

Writing practices are often subsumed under the authenticity of speech (Derrida 1976). This grammatological understanding of writing is especially conspicuous in transcription from speech to writing in institutional settings. However, transcription is not simply a “veridical record of speech” (Linell 2005) but imbued with power dynamics at the interface between writing subjects, technology, and institutions. Drawing on archival material and stenographic works from 1890s China, this article examines human‐technology interactions in Chinese stenography. The emergence of stenography coincided with the ideology of linguistic modernity, the coming of internationalization, and the political agenda of national strength, boiled down to the sensorial shift of authenticity from eye to ear in writing practices. Stenographers were seen as “transparent” mediators between speech and texts. However, the embodied labor of stenographers precludes the perfect and complete representation of sound‐in‐texts. The indexical tie between speech events and “faithful” transcripts is thus broken, complicated by negotiations between the institutional power of political‐technological rationality and executive subjects, stenographers. The legitimacy within texts, therefore, needs to be reexamined by looking into writing practices happening between stenographers and networks of institutional and technological ideologies.
The art we wear
Authors: Mays Jóna N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince humans began wearing clothes, we have used them to portray characteristics about ourselves including ethnic origin, tribes, wealth, status, and religion. This paper discusses the intellectual property protection available for clothing designs in the United States, Europe, India, and China. It begins by discussing the history of fashion and fashion designing across the world during different eras. Next, the paper explains the early methods used to protect fashion designs as originators struggled to protect their creations in regimes that had not yet implemented sui generis protection for fashion designs. Some regimes, notably the United States, still do not offer sui generis protection for fashion designs and have greatly limited the industry's ability to self‐regulate against copying. The paper also discusses and compares the current regime of fashion design protection in the United States, European Union, India, and China, including their strengths and deficiencies. Finally, the paper suggests a solution to the lack of protection in the United States that would treat fashion design piracy similarly to the treatment of counterfeit goods.
A frequency‐domain noniterative algorithm for structural parameter identification of shear buildings subjected to frequent earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Jingyao , Aoki Takayoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSystem identification is the key technique for damage detection in application of structural health monitoring. In contrast to modal parameters, changes in structural parameters (stiffness and damping) are more sensitive and straightforward for damage detection of a building under severe environments such as earthquakes. In this study, we first present the fundamental theory for direct identification of structural parameters by using the frequency‐domain responses of a shear building in frequent earthquakes. Shear buildings are widely adopted for structural analysis of low‐ and middle‐rise buildings in practice. Modal information, in terms of spectrum ratios, is implicitly used in the proposed noniterative algorithm to greatly improve the estimation accuracy as well as to avoid any human intervention. The fundamental theory is validated by the numerical and physical examples. The numerical examples are further used to verify the high efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed algorithm against noised responses. The proposed algorithm is highly efficient because no iterative computation is necessary, while the necessary Fourier transform of the dynamic responses is not very time consuming. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is highly accurate and robust because (a) the fundamental theory behind the algorithm is straightforward: the identification values should have the same value irrespective of circular frequencies, according to the theory; (b) error in modal parameter identification is completely avoided because it is unnecessary to identify the exact values of the frequencies as in many existing methods.
Geminivirus C4 antagonizes the HIR1‐mediated hypersensitive response by inhibiting the HIR1 self‐interaction and promoting degradation of the protein
Authors: Mei Yuzhen , Ma Zhonghua , Wang Yaqin , Zhou Xueping 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV)‐encoded C4 protein induces the upregulation of the hypersensitive induced reaction 1 (HIR1) gene but interferes with the HIR1‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR).

HIR1 self‐interaction is essential for the HIR1‐induced HR.

TLCYnV C4 impairs the HIR1 self‐interaction and concomitantly increases the amount of Leucine‐Rich Repeat protein 1 (LRR1), a modulator of HIR1, which binds to HIR1. LRR1 promotes the degradation of HIR1, compromising the HIR1‐mediated HR.

This study provides new insights into the mechanisms employed by a viral protein to counter host resistance through the cooption of the host regulatory system.
Agreement between frontal and occipital regional cerebral oxygen saturation in infants during surgery and general anesthesia an observational study
Authors: Jildenstål Pether , Sandin Johan , WarrènStomberg Margareta , Pålsson Jan , Ricksten Sven‐Erik , Snygg Johan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in perioperative pediatric care have resulted in an increased number of procedures requiring anesthesia. During anesthesia and surgery, the patient is subjected to factors that affect the circulatory homeostasis, which can influence oxygenation of the brain. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an easy applicable noninvasive method for monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation (rScO₂%). Alternate placements for NIRS have been investigated; however, no alternative cranial placements have been explored.AimTo evaluate the agreement between frontal and occipital recordings of rScO₂% in infants using INVOSTM during surgery and general anesthesia.MethodA standard frontal monitoring of rScO₂% with NIRS was compared with occipital rScO₂% measurements in fifteen children at an age <1 year, ASA 1‐2, undergoing cleft lip and/or palate surgery during general anesthesia with sevoflurane. An agreement analysis was performed according to Bland and Altman.ResultsMean values of frontal and occipital rScO₂% at baseline were largely similar (70.7 ± 4.77% and 69.40 ± 5.04%, respectively). In the majority of the patients, the frontal and occipital recordings of rScO2 changed in parallel. There was a moderate positive correlation between frontal and occipital rScO₂% INVOS™ readings (rho[ρ]: 0.513, P < .01). The difference between frontal and occipital rScO₂ ranged from −31 to 28 with a mean difference (bias) of −0.15%. The 95% limit of agreement was −18.04%‐17.74%. The error between frontal and occipital rScO₂ recordings was 23%.ConclusionThe agreement between frontal and occipital recordings of brain rScO₂% in infants using INVOSTM during surgery and general anesthesia was acceptable. In surgical procedures where the frontal region of the head is not available for monitoring, occipital recordings of rScO₂% could be an option for monitoring.
Knowledge, safety, and Gettierized lottery cases: Why mere statistical evidence is not a (safe) source of knowledge
Authors: Broncano‐Berrocal Fernando 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe lottery problem is the problem of explaining why mere reflection on the long odds that one will lose the lottery does not yield knowledge that one will lose. More generally, it is the problem of explaining why true beliefs merely formed on the basis of statistical evidence do not amount to knowledge. Some have thought that the lottery problem can be solved by appeal to a violation of the safety principle for knowledge, i.e., the principle that if S knows that p, not easily would S have believed that p without p being the case. Against the standard safety‐based solution, I argue that understanding safe belief as belief that directly covaries with the truth of what is believed in a suitably defined set of possible worlds forces safety theorists to make a series of theoretical choices that ultimately prevent a satisfactory solution to the problem. In this way, I analyze several safety principles that result from such choices—the paper thus gives valuable insights into the nature of safety—and explain why none solves the lottery problem, including their inability to explain away Gettierized lottery cases. On a more positive note, I show that there is a viable solution in terms of safety if we get rid of the unquestioned assumption that safe beliefs directly track the truth. The alternative is a conception of safe belief according to which what safe beliefs directly track is the appropriateness of the circumstances and, indirectly, the truth. The resulting safety principle, I argue, explains why mere statistical evidence is not a safe source of knowledge.
Skin pH mapping and its relationship with transepidermal water loss, hydration and disease severity in adult patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zainal Hazleen , Jamil Adawiyah , Md Nor Norazirah , Tang Min Moon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDefective skin's acidic mantle is a component of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathophysiology. We mapped the skin pH and determine its relationship with transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration and disease severity.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving patients aged ≥18 years. Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was assessed. Skin pH, TEWL and hydration were measured at 18 pre‐determined sites.ResultsForty‐eight patients participated, 33(68.8%) females and 15(31.3%) males aged 28.46 ± 12.07 years. The overall skin pH was 5.32 ± 0.68 ranging from 5.16 ± 0.75 to 5.52 ± 0.59. The lowest pH 5.16 ± 0.75 was at anterior leg, popliteal fossae 5.18 ± 0.67, lower back 5.21 ± 0.64, forehead 5.22 ± 0.62, upper back 5.25 ± 0.65 and neck 5.26 ± 0.76. Highest pH was at the cheek 5.52 ± 0.59, anterior thigh 5.47 ± 0.68, dorsal arm 5.46 ± 0.68, volar arm 5.43 ± 0.67 and abdomen 5.39 ± 0.67. Lesional areas’ pH (5.40 ± 0.13) was higher than nonlesional (5.27 ± 0.14), P = .01. pH at AD predilection sites was significantly lower non‐predilection sites (5.26 ± 0.59 vs 5.34 ± 0.64). pH did not correlate with TEWL (r = .23, P = .12), EASI (r = .19, P = .20) and itch (r = .06, P = .70) but correlated with hydration r = −.33, P = .02.ConclusionSkin pH was lower at AD predilection sites. There was no correlation between pH with AD severity and TEWL, pH correlated with hydration.
Soil aggregate stability and aggregate‐associated organic carbon under different land use or land cover types
Authors: Dorji Tshering , Field Damien J. , Odeh Inakwu O. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSoil aggregate stability (SAS) is an indicator for soil condition and is greatly influenced by land use or land cover (LULC) type and other soil and environmental attributes. This study investigated the soil aggregate‐size distribution, SAS, aggregate‐associated organic carbon (AAOC) and the relative importance of factors affecting SAS and AAOC. Based on conditioned Latin hypercube sampling, soil aggregate samples were collected from the “A” horizon and wet sieved into large macroaggregates (>2.0 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25–2.0 mm), microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) and mineral fraction (<0.053 mm). The large macroaggregates accounted for 86% to 93% of the total aggregates under all LULC types except under dry land (64%) and paddy land (35%). The SAS under different LULC decreased in the order fir > shrubland > natural grassland > orchard > blue pine > broadleaf > mixed conifer > dry land > paddy land. The AAOC of the large macroaggregates constituted for 76%–90% of the total AAOC under all LULC types except under dry land (65%) and paddy land (38%). While SAS was largely influenced by the AAOC of small macroaggregates, microaggregates and large macroaggregates and LULC type, the AAOC of different aggregate fractions was mostly affected by LULC type, altitude and slope. SAS did not exhibit any significant relationship with the AAOC of different aggregate fractions under the natural LULC types but showed a strong relationship under the agricultural land indicating that AAOC is more critical for SAS under the agricultural land than under the natural LULC.
Impact of Modularity Decisions on a Firm’s Economic Objectives
Authors: Hackl Jennifer , Krause Dieter , Otto Kevin , Windheim Marc , Moon Seung Ki , Bursac Nikola , Lachmayer Roland 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Research in modularization of product families reveals numerous individual cause and effect impacts of modularity on a firm. There are clearly many interrelated positive and negative economic impacts arising from different activities of the firm impacted by the modular product structures. This makes the construction of an economic business case for modularity difficult, where often the benefits are reduced indirect costs. This paper presents a literature-based network model of how modular product structures affect firm’s economics across the design-to-manufacturing life cycle phases. It shows how (1) changes on modularity properties may lead to (2) different effects within the product’s life cycle phases that (3) have an economic impact on the firm. For instance, modularization can prolong development time of a platform, while shortening the subsequent development times of product variants and lowering manufacturing costs. To validate the proposed model, the given effect chains were compared by industrial experts against nine case study modularization projects by marking effects that were experienced and observed in their projects. The results first revealed that in design, an increase of commonality drove component reuse leading to lower development costs per unit. Second, in procurement, it was found that increased modularity caused better predictability, less purchasing orders, and better purchasing conditions that ultimately lead to lower costs. Third, in production, it was found that a smaller variety of components allowed less process variety, leading to fewer and more optimized processes and therefore lower production costs. We present these cause and effect impacts of modularity as drivers for quantifying the economic impact of modularity.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Fiber Geometry on Filtration Performance With a Coupled Lattice Boltzmann–Discrete Element Method
Authors: Fan Jianhua , Lominé Franck , Hellou Mustapha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Motion and deposition of solid particles in fibrous filter with circular, diamond, and square fibers are numerically investigated. A coupled Lattice Boltzmann (LB) and discrete element (DE) method is presented and applied to simulate the filtration process in particulate flow, taking into account the mutual interaction between fluid and particle. The influence of pertinent parameters such as the Reynolds number, the particle-to-fiber diameter ratio, and the particle-to-fluid density ratio on filtration performance (pressure drop and capture efficiency) is analyzed for fibrous filter with different fiber cross-sectional shapes. The simulation results indicate that both the pressure drop and the capture efficiency of filter are considerably affected by the fiber’s shape. Dimensionless drag force increases with the Reynolds number when Re > 1. The filter with diamond fiber has a lower pressure drop than that of the circular and square cases. Meanwhile, the deposition of particles on the surface of square fiber is more favorable. From the filter quality factor standpoint, filter with diamond fiber exhibits a better filtration performance.