bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of amyloid‐beta and tau on prospective cognitive decline in older individuals
Authors: Sperling Reisa A. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Schultz Aaron P. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Papp Kathryn V. , Amariglio Rebecca E. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Buckley Rachel , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Hedden Trey , Marshall Gad A. , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Donovan Nancy J. , Jackson Jonathan , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Jacobs Heidi , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Properzi Michael , Kirn Dylan R. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesAmyloid‐beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies are commonly observed among clinically normal older individuals at postmortem and can now be detected with in vivo neuroimaging. The association and interaction of these proteinopathies with prospective cognitive decline in normal aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven older individuals (age = 76.3 ± 6.22 years) participating in the Harvard Aging Brain Study underwent Aβ (11C‐Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (18F‐flortaucipir) positron emission tomography (PET) with prospective neuropsychological assessments following PET imaging (mean number of cognitive visits = 2.8 ± 1.1). Tau and Aβ PET measures were assessed in regions of interest (ROIs) as well as vertex‐wise map analyses. Cognitive change was evaluated with Memory and Executive Function composites.ResultsHigher levels of Aβ and tau were both associated with greater memory decline, but not with change in executive function. Higher cortical Aβ was associated with higher tau levels in all ROIs, independent of age, and very elevated levels of tau were observed primarily in clinically normal with elevated Aβ. A significant interaction between tau and Aβ was observed in both ROI and map‐level analyses, such that rapid prospective memory decline was observed in participants who had high levels of both pathologies.InterpretationOur results are consistent with the supposition that both Aβ and tau are necessary for memory decline in the preclinical stages of AD. These findings may be relevant for disambiguating aging and early cognitive manifestations of AD, and to inform secondary prevention trials in preclinical AD. Ann Neurol 2019;00:1–3 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:181–193.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Acid‐Catalyzed Transesterification Mechanism for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oils
Authors: Li Tan , Zhang Xiaochao , Zhang Changming , Li Rui , Liu Jianxin , Zhang Hui , Han Peide , Zheng Zhanfeng , Fan Caimei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed transesterification reaction has been one of the most effective methods to produce biodiesel, especially from waste cooking oils (WCO) with high contents of water and free fatty acids (FFA). However, in the acid‐catalyzed processes, the H+ action mechanism and the controlling step of the reaction rate have been ambiguous. To clearly understand the reaction process, the DMol3 module based on the density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the acid (H+‐)‐catalyzed transesterification mechanism of methanol and oleic acid monoacylglycerol (OAM). The one step transesterification without a catalyst and the feasible paths of SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) and SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction mechanisms with H+‐based catalysts were built as Path 1, Path 2, and Path 3, respectively. The calculated structures, thermodynamic, and kinetic data revealed that the H+‐based catalysts could effectively reduce the activation energy for the transesterification reaction, and the Path 2 based on the SN2 reaction mechanism was the optimal reaction path. A tetrahedral intermediate (IM2‐2) could be generated with the highest active energy of 15.383 kcal mol−1, implying that there was the most stable structure of IM2‐2 as the key species in the transesterification process. Hence, the increasing decomposition rate of IM2‐2 accelerated the forward reaction in H+‐based biodiesel processes. The calculated active energy of 15.383 kcal mol−1 was in good agreement with the kinetic data for the monoacylglycerol transesterification of 15.067 kcal mol−1. Our calculations should provide basic and reliable theoretical data for further understanding the mechanism of transesterification of WCO to biodiesel products in the future work.
Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Renewable Polyester Matrices
Authors: Geervliet Tristan A. , Gavrila Ionela , Iasilli Giuseppe , Picchioni Francesco , Pucci Andrea 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study reports for the first time the use of bio‐based alternatives for PMMA as host matrix for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). Notably, two types of renewable polyesters were synthesized in varying molar ratios via a two‐step melt‐polycondensation reaction with dibutyl tin oxide as catalyst. The first is a homopolymer of diethyl 2,3:4,5‐di‐O‐methylene galactarate (GxMe) and isosorbide (IGPn), and the second is a random copolymer of GxMe with 1,3‐propanediol and dimethyl terephthalate (GTPn). The two polyesters were found to be optically transparent, totally amorphous with a Tg higher than 45 °C and temperature resistance comparable to PMMA. Lumogen Red (LR) and an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophore, TPETPAFN, were utilized as fluorophores and the derived thin polymer films (25 μm) were found highly homogeneous, especially for those prepared from GTPn, possibly due to the presence of compatibilizing terephthalate units in the matrix composition and the higher molecular weight. The spectroscopic characterization and the optical efficiency determination (ηopt) evidenced LSCs performances similar or superior to those collected from LR/PMMA thin films. Noteworthy, ηopt of 7.7 % and 7.1 % were recorded for the GTPn‐based matrix containing LR and TPETPAFN, respectively, thus definitely supporting the bio‐based polyesters as renewable and highly fluorophore‐compatible matrices for high‐performance LSCs.
Design of functional interval observers for non‐linear fractional‐order systems
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of designing functional interval observers for a class of non‐linear fractional‐order systems with bounded uncertainties. First, interval observers for linear functions of the state vector of the considered system are designed. Then, conditions for the existence of such interval observers are established and an effective algorithm for computing unknown observer matrices is provided in this paper. Finally, numerical examples and simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
The impact of bundle comparisons on bundle preference
Authors: Rice Dan Hamilton , Cooke Alan D. J. , Zheng Yanmei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe bundling literature largely holds that a person's reaction to a given product bundle depends only on the characteristics of the products contained in the bundle. This paper, instead, proposes that people evaluate bundles in reference to other bundles that they have seen. Prior research indicates that people are sensitive to a bundle's “attribute inventory” or the aggregate level of comparable attributes possessed by its constituent products. We show that when people evaluate a bundle, they compare the attribute inventories that it offers to those offered by other bundles that they have seen. The resulting compositional comparisons can occur without changes to the products that comprise the target and contextual bundles, vary by attribute comparability and attentional focus, and coexist with (and at times reverse the effects of) well‐established product‐specific context effects, which are determined solely by the products and their attributes.
Prenatal alcohol exposure prevalence as measured by direct ethanol metabolites in meconium in a Native American tribe of the southwest
Authors: Bakhireva Ludmila N. , Kane Maureen A. , Bearer Cynthia F. , Bautista Adriana , Jones Jace W. , Garrison Laura , Begay Mae‐Gilene , Ozechowski Timothy , Lewis Johnnye 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAlthough fetal alcohol spectrum disorders represent a significant public health problem, Native Americans are underrepresented in population and targeted screening programs. Prior reports suggest that Native American tribal communities may have a higher prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy; however, systematic examination using ethanol biomarkers is lacking.MethodsThis study utilized data collected through the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS)—a birth cohort study of a Southwestern tribal community. Prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) was assessed by a battery of meconium biomarkers among 333 NBCS participants. Meconium samples were analyzed for nine individual fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) species, ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulfate (EtS) by LC–MS/MS.ResultsParticipants were recruited from five hospitals at the Navajo Nation located in Arizona (Chinle, Tséhootsooí, Tuba City) and New Mexico (Gallup, Shiprock). All participants identified as Native American; most reported a personal income of <$20,000 per year (71.3%), and ≤high school education (55.3%). The most prevalent biomarker was EtS (7.8%) followed by ethyl oleate (6.9%); 5.4% of the sample were positive for at least two biomarkers.ConclusionsResults of this study on the prevalence of PAE in the Navajo Nation, obtained for the first time with an objective comprehensive panel of meconium biomarkers, indicate that the rates in the NBCS may be comparable to the general U.S. population and are in accord with recent U.S. national survey estimates. Our findings emphasize that drinking behaviors among Native American communities in the United States can vary, and generalization across all Native American populations is not warranted.
Prime and prejudice: Brief stereotypical media representations can increase prejudicial attitudes and behaviour towards people with schizophrenia
Authors: Bowman Jonathan W.P. , West Keon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrejudice against people with mental illnesses remains a significant problem in the United Kingdom and in many other countries despite sustained efforts by governments and charities. This is particularly so for people with schizophrenia, who are seen as dangerous and unpredictable. The present study investigated the effect of brief, casual, stereotypical representations on prejudice and behavioural intentions towards people with schizophrenia. Participants viewed Halloween costumes in an online environment under the guise of product research. In the experimental condition, they were exposed to a “Psycho Ward” Halloween outfit identical to one sold online by a leading supermarket chain in the United Kingdom. Participants in the control condition saw a neutral “pumpkin” Halloween costume. Exposure to the Psycho Ward outfit resulted in more negative behavioural intentions towards people with schizophrenia, mediated by increased prejudice. These findings confirm and extend earlier research that implicates adverse media stereotypes in the persistence of prejudice against people with mental illness. More research is warranted on the relative effects of different influences on community attitudes to mental illness.
Quantitative Assessment of Affinity Selection Performance by Using DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Authors: Sannino Alessandro , Gabriele Elena , Bigatti Martina , Mulatto Sara , Piazzi Jacopo , Scheuermann Jörg , Neri Dario , Donckele Etienne J. , Samain Florent 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNA‐encoded chemical libraries are often used for the discovery of ligands against protein targets of interest. These large collections of DNA‐barcoded chemical compounds are typically screened by using affinity capture methodologies followed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing procedures. However, the performance of individual steps in the selection procedures has been scarcely investigated, so far. Herein, the quantitative analysis of selection experiments, by using three ligands with different affinity to carbonic anhydrase IX as model compounds, is described. In the first set of experiments, quantitative PCR (qPCR) procedures are used to evaluate the recovery and selectivity for affinity capture procedures performed on different solid‐phase supports, which are commonly used for library screening. In the second step, both qPCR and analysis of DNA sequencing results are used to assess the recovery and selectivity of individual carbonic anhydrase IX ligands in a library, containing 360 000 compounds. Collectively, this study reveals that selection procedures can be efficient for ligands with sub‐micromolar dissociation constants to the target protein of interest, but also that selection performance dramatically drops if 104 copies per library member are used as the input.
MicroRNA‐1204 promotes cell proliferation by regulating PITX1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Yaozhou , Shi Yijun , Guo Zizhang , Yang Shikun , Wei Ke , Pan Chunfeng , Xia Yang , Chen Yijiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroRNA‐1204 (miR‐1204), a member of the PVT1 region, may improve B cell differentiation and metastasis in breast cancer. However, the role of miR‐1204 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its mechanism remain unclear. The GEO public database was first employed to find differentially expressed genes. The expression level of miR‐1204 in patient tissues and NSCLC cell lines was determined using qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation assays were performed to investigate the impact of miR‐1204 on cell growth. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were conducted to find potential target genes. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments to identify the effect of miR‐1204 on tumor formation in nude mice. It was first found that miR‐1204 was overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cells. miR‐1204 increased the proliferation of NSCLC cells and reduced cell cycle arrest in vitro. PITX1 (paired like homeodomain 1) was found as a potential target gene. In addition, PITX1 was also found to be low in expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. To show that PITX1 reversed the function of miR‐1204 in promoting proliferation, confirmatory experiments were performed. Moreover, high miR‐1204 and low PITX1 expression was highly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and the TNM stage in patients diagnosed with NSCLC. Our results suggested that upregulated miR‐1204 in NSCLC is associated with NSCLC progression and promotes NSCLC cell proliferation by downregulating PITX1. miR‐1204 may act as a poor prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
An alternative treatment strategy for large vessel coronary perforations
Authors: Xenogiannis Iosif , Tajti Peter , Nicholas Burke M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe standard treatment for large vessel coronary perforations is implantation of a covered stent. Antegrade attempts for crossing a right coronary artery chronic total occlusion resulted in guidewire and microcatheter exit with pericardial bleeding. A balloon was inflated proximal to the perforation site to achieve temporary hemostasis. Retrograde crossing of the chronic total occlusion was achieved through an epicardial collateral using the reverse controlled antegrade and retrograde tracking technique. Stent implantation resulted in hemostasis, likely due to creation of a subintimal flap that sealed the perforation site. If technically feasible, subintimal recanalization can be an alternative treatment strategy for coronary perforations occurring during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.
Operando Evaluation of Selectivity and Transference Number of Lithium‐Conductive Membranes
Authors: Meddings Nina , Owen John R. , Garcia‐Araez Nuria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLithium‐selective membranes are important to prevent undesirable effects of electrode cross‐talk in Li−S and Li−O2 cells, such as crossover of redox species from the cathode to the anode. This work reports a novel approach to evaluate their selectivity in operando, under practically relevant conditions, including application of a current through the membrane. The method is illustrated with a lithiated Nafion membrane, immersed in 1 molal LiTFSI in diglyme containing 0.1 molal LiI as a model crossover species, and an accurate evaluation of the transference number of crossover species is reported
). It is also shown that the standard ex‐situ methods for evaluating membrane selectivity, as applied without a current passing through the membrane, provide a considerable overestimation of the capability of the membrane to block crossover species.
Scalable Synthesis of an Artificial Polydopamine Solid‐Electrolyte‐Interface‐Assisted 3D rGO/Fe3O4@PDA Hydrogel for a Highly Stable Anode with Enhanced Lithium‐Ion‐Storage Properties
Authors: Xiao Zhi‐Chao , Li Yan , Liang Cheng‐Lu , Bao Rui‐Ying , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMagnetite (Fe3O4) has drawn great attention in the field of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its promising high theoretical capacity and abundance in nature. However, rapid capacity fading, low charge/discharge rate and low capacity exceedingly limit the application of bare Fe3O4 anode. Here, we report a facile and scalable method to construct multilayered reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Fe3O4@polydopamine (PDA) hydrogel (rGO/Fe3O4@PDA hydrogel) for the anodes of LIBs. During the lithiation/delithiation processes, PDA and rGO can effectively inhibit the volume change and avoid structural pulverization. rGO backbone also provides sufficient electrical conductivity and a high specific surface area. The PDA layer suppresses the repetitive growth and thickening of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI), playing a role of artificial SEI. As a result, high capacity and superior cycle stability (1358 mAh g−1 after 300 cycle at 1 A g−1) as well as satisfying rate performance (around 600 mAh g−1 at 3 C), fast charge/discharge rate (712 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 3 A g−1), high columbic efficiency and stable reverse reaction are achieved. Interestingly, capacity growth can be observed in the multilayered rGO/Fe3O4@PDA anode owing to the gradual activation of tight encapsulation by rGO sheets. This design concept and structural construction strategy are hopeful be extended to other systems for the next‐generation advanced LIBs.
Correspondence between colour and odour for women in pre‐menopause and post‐menopause
Authors: Iriguchi Mayuko , Koda Hiroki , Masataka Nobuo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCross‐modal correspondences in the human sensory systems often appear for different levels of sensory inputs, such as colour and odour. However, whether there is hormonal modification of such colour‐odour correspondence has remained unclear. Here, we experimentally investigated the influence of hormonal changes in menopausal women by conducting evaluations of colour and odour impressions, matching tasks between colour and odour, and odor identification tasks, comparing two groups of women: premenopausal and postmenopausal. The results showed that both premenopausal and postmenopausal women had similar impressions and images of colours for odors, while postmenopausal women had significantly lower abilities of odor identification than premenopausal women. This suggested that the degree of conviction about an odor's identification might slightly affect the subjects’ impressions of odors and their corresponding colour choices. Menopause might not directly affect cognitive aspects regarding colour or odor, but might instead affect their perceptions.
Exercise Training in Cancer Control and Treatment
Authors: Christensen Jesper Frank , Simonsen Casper , Hojman Pernille 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTExercise training is playing an increasing role in cancer care, as accumulating evidence demonstrates that exercise may prevent cancer, control disease progression, interact with anti‐cancer therapies, and improve physical functioning and psychosocial outcomes. In this overview article, we present the current state of the field of exercise oncology, which currently comprises of nearly 700 unique exercise intervention trials with more than 50,000 cancer patients. First, we summarize the range of these interventions with regard to diagnoses, clinical setting, timing, and type of intervention. Next, we provide a detailed discussion of the 292 trials, which have delivered structured exercise programs, outlining the impact of exercise training on cancer‐specific, physiological, and psychosocial outcomes in the light of the challenges and physiological limitations cancer patients may experience. In summary, the safety and feasibility of exercise training is firmly established across the cancer continuum, and a wide range of beneficial effects on psychosocial and physiological outcomes are well documented. Many of these beneficial effects are linked to the general health‐promoting properties of exercise. However, it is becoming increasing evident that exercise training can have direct effects on cancer and its treatment. This calls for future exercise oncology initiatives, which aim to target cancer‐specific outcomes, and which are integrated into the concurrent cancer trajectory. Here, the field must bridge extensive knowledge of integrative exercise physiology with clinical oncology and cancer biology to provide a basis of individualized targeted approaches, which may place exercise training as an integrated component of standard cancer care. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:165‐205, 2019.
Impact of Genetic Variation on Pravastatin Systemic Exposure in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wagner Jonathan B. , Abdel‐Rahman Susan , Gaedigk Roger , Gaedigk Andrea , Raghuveer Geetha , Staggs Vincent S. , Kauffman Ralph , Van Haandel Leon , Leeder J. Steven 
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the impact of SLCO1B1 genotype on pravastatin systemic exposure in children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia. Participants (8–20 years) with at least one allelic variant of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (521TC, n = 15; 521CC, n = 2) and wild‐type controls (521TT, n = 15) completed a single oral dose pharmacokinetic study. Interindividual variability of pravastatin acid (PVA) exposure within SLCO1B1 genotype groups exceeded the approximately twofold difference in mean PVA exposure observed between SLCO1B1 genotype groups (P > 0.05, q > 0.10). The 3′α‐iso‐pravastatin acid and lactone isomer formation in the acidic environment of the stomach prior to absorption also was variable and affected PVA exposure in all genotype groups. The SLCO1B1 c.521 gene variant contributing to variability in systemic exposure to PVA in our pediatric cohort was comparable to previous studies in adults. However, other demographic and physicochemical factors seem to also contribute to interindividual variability in the dose–exposure relationship.
Table‐based PWM for all‐digital RF transmitters
Authors: Morales Juan Ignacio , Chierchie Fernando , Mandolesi Pablo Sergio , Paolini Eduardo Emilio 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a novel pulse‐width modulator (PWM) for an all‐digital PWM transmitter based on switching amplification is presented. In this approach, each symbol is represented by a sequence of pre‐computed PWM pulse widths stored in a table that results in reduced error vector magnitude (EVM). A high‐resolution pulse former is then used to build the bipolar radio frequency (RF) signal. Simulations and comparisons to other approaches reported in the literature under different oversampling ratios and finite time resolutions are presented. The impact of nonlinearities in the variable duty‐cycle generator is also analyzed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique.