bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Terrell-Penrose effect when photographing a sphere at rest with a moving camera
Authors: Matveev V N , Matvejev O V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the Terrell-Penrose effect, the component parts of which are the turn of the moving sphere and independence of the form of the sphere, as recorded by a camera, from the speed of motion of the sphere. The present work shows that the independence of the form of the moving sphere from the speed as well as its turn in the photograph are due to the discrepancy between the purpose of the photograph and the choice of the angle of photographing. In examining the Terrell-Penrose effect in this paper preference is given to a reference frame, where the sphere is at rest, whereas the camera (camera obscura) is in motion. With this choice of the reference frame the mentioned optical effects may be accounted for by aberration of light (reflected from the quiescent sphere), which has formed the image on the photoreceptor of the moving camera. In the case of semitransparency of the sphere and the presence of markers at the points of the sphere, which lie on the line of its motion, the Lorentz contraction of the moving sphere would also be revealed by way of photography.
Relativistic effects and emf localization in a unipolar generator
Authors: Matveev V N , Matvejev O V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the issue of induced EMF localization in a Faraday’s unipolar generator which is a revolving magnetic disk with its center and periphery connected by a conductor. Attention has also been given to the linear DC generator consisting of a long magnet and a conductor. Functioning as a closed loop, this conductor moves within the magnetic field of the magnet, the ends sliding on its surfaces. It is shown that in a linear unipolar generator the EMF is induced in a conductor irrespective of a reference frame chosen. Reasons are given in favour of the fact that when a magnetic disk is revolving, the EMF is induced in a stationary conductor of a unipolar generator.
Encoding discrete quantum algebras in a hierarchy of binary words
Authors: Raptis T. E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It is shown how to endow a hierarchy of sets of binary patterns with the structure of an abstract, normed C*-algebra. In the course we also recover an intermediate connection with the words of a Dyck language and Tempereley-Lieb algebras for which we also find that an effective arithmetic code is possible albeit of greater complexity. We also discuss possible applications associated with signal theory and waveform engineering on possible ways to embed discrete computational structures in an analog continuum substrate.
Are octonions necessary to the Standard Model?
Authors: Rowlands Peter , Rowlands Sydney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There have been a number of claims, going back to the 1970s, that the Standard Model of particle physics, based on fermions and antifermions, might be derived from an octonion algebra. The emergence of SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) groups in octonion-based structures is suggestive of the symmetries of the Standard Model, but octonions themselves are an unsatisfactory model for physical application because they are antiassociative and consequently not a group. Instead, the ‘octonion’ models have to be based on adjoint algebras, such as left - or right-multiplied octonions, which can be seen to have group-like properties. The most promising of these candidates is the complexified left-multiplied octonion algebra, because it reduces, in effect, to Cl(6), which has been identified by one of us (PR) in a number of previous publications as the basic structure for the entire foundation of physics, as well as the algebra required for the Standard Model and the Dirac equation. Though this algebra has long been shown by PR as equivalent to using a complexified left-multiplied or ‘broken’ octonion, it doesn’t need to be derived in this way, as its real origins are in the respective real, complex, quaternion and complexified quaternion algebras of the fundamental parameters of mass, time, charge and space. The ‘broken’ octonion, however, does have value in leading to the higher (and equally broken) symmetries, such as E
8, which incorporate fermions, with their two spin states, along with gauge bosons and vacuum states into a unified scheme.
Causal interpretation of quantum mechanics: The Schrodinger equation as a condition of stability
Authors: Sotina Nina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work presents a further development of causal interpretation of quantum mechanics. Existence of ‘non-local hidden variables’ like a physical field is taken as an assumption. Under this assumption, on the basis of the causal approach it is proven that Schrödinger equation is a necessary condition for stability of the motion of a particle. For the case of a hydrogen atom this approach gives a mathematical base with which to suggest that (1) the electron’s spin in an atom is precessing; (2) the energy of the precessional motion on Bohr orbits satisfies the Rydberg formula, and (3) structures are formed in the physical vacuum which stabilize the motion of an electron on Bohr orbits.
Structural wave-packet tessellation of the periodic table and atomic constitution in real R3 × SO(3) configuration space
Authors: Trell E , Akpojotor G , Edeagu S , Animalu A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We describe a structural wave-packet layout in real solid state R3×SO(3) configuration space of the SU(3) Lie algebra. Its infinitesimal ‘straight line of length equaling zero’ partial derivative root vectors hybridize with the parallelepiped outline of the R3 frame into a cyclically expanding isometric vector matrix organization of a continuous one octahedron/two tetrahedrons helical trajectory of SO(3) symmetry. Thus enclosed by its dual scaffold it faithfully outlines the atomic constitution and the periodic table when following the systematic close-packing of its Euclidean space chaperon.
The Eötvös experiment, GTR, and differing gravitational and inertial masses Proposition for a crucial test of metric theories
Authors: Yarman T. , Kholmetskii A.L. , Marchal C. , Yarman O. , Arik M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Eötvös experiment has been taken as basis for metric theories of gravity and particularly for the general theory of relativity (GTR), which assumes that gravitational and inertial masses are identical. We highlight the fact that, unlike the long lasting and reigning belief, the setup by Eötvös experiments and its follow-ups serve to demonstrate no more than a mere linear proportionality between said masses, and not ineludibly their exclusive equality. So much so that, as one distinct framework, Yarman–Arik–Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory, where a purely metric approach is not aimed, makes the identity between inertial and gravitational masses no longer imperative while still remaining in full conformance with the result of the Eötvös experiment, as well as that of free fall experiments. It is further shown that Eötvös experiment deprives us of any knowledge concerning the determination of the proportionality coefficient coming into play. Henceforward, the Eötvös experiment and its follow-ups cannot be taken as a rigorous foundation for GTR. In this respect, we suggest a crucial test of the equality of gravitational and inertial masses via the comparison of the oscillation periods of two pendulums with different arm lengths, where the deviation of the predictions by GTR and by YARK theory represents a measurable value.
DOZ047.02: Effect of prokinetics on gastric function in children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF)
Authors: Birro S , Kelly S , Omari T , Krishnan U 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
To the aim of this study was to determine the effect of domperidone on gastric function in the EA-TEF cohort.

Methods
Five participants with previously demonstrated abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity and/or delayed gastric emptying on electrogastrography (EGG) and 13C-octanoic acid breath test (OBT), respectively, were recruited. These participants were treated with domperidone (0.2 mg/kg/dose twice a day), for a minimum of 2 weeks, and EGG and OBT investigations were repeated along with a validated PedsQL gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire. A baseline and follow-up ECG was done to check for potential QT interval prolongation.

Results
Mean gastric emptying half-time was135.4 minutes off therapy and 277.01 minutes on therapy (p = NS) while the mean gastric emptying coefficients were 3.34 and 3.25, respectively (p = NS). All five participants’ gastric myoelectrical activity on EGG remained abnormal. Although the mean percentage of gastric slow waves spent in normal frequency decreased by 1.65%, the post- prandial-to-resting power ratio increased by 8.452 (p = NS). Both parent- and child-reported overall PedsQL scores increased as did the child-reported PedsQL scores based on symptoms related to gastric function (p = NS).

Conclusions
Domperidone in standard doses did not result in significant change in gastric emptying in EA-TEF children with delayed gastric emptying. This may be due to abnormalities in gastric innervation, in children with EA-TEF. There was however an improvement in the power ratio on EGG. There was also improvement in the PedsQL scores. The lack of statistical significance may be due to our small sample size.
DOZ047.05: The flip side of the coin
Authors: de Vos C , de Vos W , Sidler D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Being two medical doctors (family practitioner and pediatric surgeon) with a son born with a rare type of esophageal atresia we felt the need to explore the nonmedical side of this disease.

Aim
The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of emotional support for parents with children born with all types of esophageal atresia and to realize the importance of the nonsurgical side—the flip side of the coin, to explore the need for support not only for the patient but also the family.

Literature Review and Personal Experience
The epidemiology, surgical management, and biological outcome of esophageal atresia with/without trachea-esophageal fistula are well known. The softer, more humane side of this condition, the flipside of the coin, being the cause of PTSD children with OA (mothers > fathers).2 Severe anxiety also seems to be present in some of these parents. A meta-analysis done in 2013 concluded that psychological morbidity associated with esophageal atresia has important implications for clinical practise3; namely, if psychological support is being offered to parents during the neonatal period and continues as part of the long-term follow-up for both parents and the patients, the overall outcome is improved and the biopsychosocial morbidity of the parents decreases. Personal experience has taught us that a good support system is a critical part of a child's clinical treatment plan. Parents need good emotional support in order to be there for their child when he or she needs them.

Conclusion
Surgeons look at diseases from a technical point of view. They ask how they can surgically fix the problem and improve the patient's quality of life. They often forget the other side that parents need emotional support, someone to be there for them and to listen to their experience in hospital and at home. The family as another patient needs to be treated and included in the overall treatment plan if the intention is to improve the quality of life for both the patients and their families. There is a need to develop a multidisciplinary support system in South Africa to aid patients born with OA and their caring families. This includes the entire family and is not limited to the mothers but also includes fathers and other siblings often overlooked.
DOZ047.100: Impact of fundoplication on pH-MII tracings in pediatric patients with esophageal atresia
Authors: Busoni V , Sabban J C , Lobos P , Ursino F , Urquizo M , De la Iglesia P , Orsi M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common long-term complication in esophageal atresia (EA) patients. Fundoplication in EA is controversial but may be an option in those with maximum GER therapy failure, acute life-threatening event, failure to thrive, persistent esophagitis, and recurrent anastomotic stenosis.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare GERD characteristics according pH-MII parameters in EA patients with and without fundoplication.

Materials and Methods
Retrospective review of pH-MII tracings performed at a Gastroenterology Unit between 2011 and 2018 was carried out. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years with history of EA, with and without fundoplication, with both pH-MII and endoscopy performed, histology of esophageal biopsies, and off antireflux medications at the moment of examination. GER therapy failure was the indication for surgery. The total number of reflux episodes (acid, nonacidic), bolus and acid clearance time (ACT), and baseline values in distal channels (5–6) were evaluated. Group 1 (G1): patients with EA and fundoplication. Group 2 (G2): patients with EA without fundoplication. T-test was performed to compare results between G1 and G2.

Results
Fifteen tracings in EA patients were evaluated. Out of 15, 8 (53%) underwent fundoplication (G1), median age 7.4 years, 87.5% EA type C, 12.5% type A (long gap). Esophagitis was observed in 100% postfundoplication: 2 macroscopic, 1 eosinophilic, 5 microscopic esophagitis. Out of 15, 7 (47%) were EA without fundoplication (G2), median age 3.25 years, 57% EA type C, 43% type A–B. Esophagitis was observed in 85% in G2, all of them microscopic. No statistical differences were observed in pH-MII parameters between both groups. Number of refluxes, ACT, and distal channels (ch-6) were pathological in both groups. Nevertheless better acid clearance and more mucosal damage were observed in G1.

Conclusion
In this pediatric series of EA patients, pH-MII data show persistence of GERD even postfundoplication. This observation could be due to severe esophageal dismotility. Even asymptomatic EA patients should undergo monitoring of GER with pH-MII and endoscopy.
DOZ047.103: Learning curve and long-term outcomes for jejunal replacement of the esophagus: a single-center experience in the pediatric population
Authors: Svetanoff W J , Zendejas B , Bairdain S , Hernandez K , Davidson K , Hamilton T E , Ngo P , Manfredi M , Smithers C J , Jennings R W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with complex esophageal atresia (EA) may require replacement; jejunal interposition is an option that is uncommon in children. This study aimed to identify the procedural learning curve and outcomes of patients undergoing jejunal interposition.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis, patients were divided into those who had surgery between 2010 and 2015 (incipient cohort–previously reported) and those who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2018 (contemporary cohort). Outcomes included length of paralysis (LOP), time to extubation, length of stay (LOS), and complication rate. Current feeding status and time to full oral intake were recorded. Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis.

Results
The cohort included 13 in the incipient group and 40 in the contemporary group. LOP (5.33 vs 1.88 days, P = 0.002), time to extubation (9.50 vs 6.34 days, P = 0.05), ICU stay (54 vs 12.65 days, P = 0.04), and LOS (86.77 vs 32.90 days, P = 0.003) were shorter in the contemporary cohort. The complication rate was similar between the incipient and contemporary cohorts, respectively (69.23% vs 50%, P = 0.231). Fourteen patients (incipient–6, contemporary–8) reached full oral intake by a median follow-up of 6.35 months (0.36–26.63 months); another 23 have consistent oral intake but require some use of a feeding tube. All can handle secretions. Patients who had oral intake preoperatively, even with an esophagostomy, were more likely to be eating all consistencies postoperatively (67.74% vs 27.30%, P = 0.004).

Conclusion
As our experience has improved, LOP, intubation time, and LOS have decreased. Preoperative oral intake, even if sham feeding, was a significant determinant for consistent oral intake postoperatively.
DOZ047.104: The impact of uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux on airway pathology
Authors: Ida J B , Lavin J M , Valika T S , Green A D , Zak S M , Thompson D M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The link between airway pathology and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) has long been presumed critical to pediatric airway health. Recent studies have found no definitive correlation between the two. However, aerodigestive practitioners continue to identify GERD-related pathology as part of the workup for complex pediatric airway obstruction.

Results
This work presents a series of cases of airway obstruction with aerodigestive workup and GERD interventions that demonstrate the critical involvement of GERD in airway pathology. Each patient demonstrated either unusual patterns of airway injury with uncontrolled reflux on pH-impedance testing, or had resolution of airway pathology with definitive medical or surgical GERD management.

Conclusions
GERD can affect the airway significantly, resulting in airway inflammation, injury, and postoperative scarring. Aerodigestive programs must maintain their awareness of the detrimental effects of GERD on the airway. Better studies regarding GERD and airway injury are necessary to understand at-risk populations and optimal treatment strategies.
DOZ047.111: Acute kidney injury in esophageal atresia
Authors: Massolo A C , Conforti A , Landolfo F , Columbo C , Monaco F , Giliberti P , Valfré L , Romiti A , Caoci S , Dotta A , Braguglia A , Bagolan P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal atresia (OA) is characterized by a significant morbidity during the neonatal period. Affected infants are exposed to multiple potentially nephrotoxic factors, predisposing them to acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with poorer outcomes. Children who survive neonatal AKI are at risk of long-lasting renal complications (including chronic kidney disease and hypertension).

Aims
The purpose of this study is to investigate AKI prevalence in infants with OA and identify potential contributing factors.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical records of patients with OA between 2017 and 2018 in a single referral centre. AKI severity was defined according to established international pRIFLE criteria (Risk of renal dysfunction, kidney Injury, Failure or Loss of kidney function and End-stage renal disease) based on change in serum creatinine and urine output during hospitalization collected 5 days after birth. Risk factors, (including potentially nephrotoxic medications, significant infection, urine output, blood pressure), and outcome data (length of hospitalization, duration of intubation) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad.

Results
Thirty-nine OA cases were identified; 6 were excluded for lack of data and 33 were included in the study group. Eighteen (55%), who developed AKI (pRIFLE category Risk or Injury), were compared with 15 patients (45%) with no AKI. AKI was significantly higher in infants with long-gap OA (P = 0.02), significantly associated with vancomycin administration (P = 0.03), with the use of three or more antibiotics during hospitalization (P = 0.0005), and with postoperative muscle paralysis (P = 0.001). Infants with OA and AKI experienced longer mechanical ventilation (P = 0.004) and hospital stay (P = 0.003). No significant association was found with hypotension, or steroid exposure. Incomplete recording of urine output prevented stratification of AKI based on this parameter.

Conclusions
OA, particularly more severe cases, are at risk of AKI. Renal function should be routinely assessed, during hospitalization and follow-up. Focusing on prevention and avoiding prolonged courses of nephrotoxic medications may improve outcome.
DOZ047.114: Fundoplications in patients born with esophageal atresia: preoperative workup and evaluation of postoperative symptoms
Authors: van Lennep M , Krishnan U , Saoji R , van Wijk M P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The consensus esophageal atresia (EA) guideline recommends performing contrast esophagogram, esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies and pH(+ /-impedance) measurement prior to fundoplication to assess upper gastrointestinal anatomy, severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and exclude eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).(Krishnan et al. JPGN 2016) Our aim was to evaluate which of these investigations were performed prior to fundoplication and which in case of postoperative symptoms.

Methods
In this multicenter international retrospective cohort study, all EA patients who underwent fundoplication between 2006 and 2017 were included.

Results
Forty EA patients (52% male, median age 2.3 years [0.08–17 years], 82.5% type C) were included in three centers worldwide; 32(80%) underwent complete and 8 (20%) partial fundoplication. Preoperative investigations included contrast esophagogram (n = 35, 88%), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (n = 33, 83%), and pH(+/-impedance) measurement (n = 11, 28%). Only six patients (15%) underwent all three recommended preoperative investigations. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy prefundoplication revealed abnormalities in 33%, including esophageal strictures in 18%, EoE in 6%, hiatal hernia in 6%, and intestinal metaplasia in 3%. Patients with EoE underwent partial fundoplication; no associations between diagnostic testing outcomes and type of fundoplication were found. Nearly all patients had symptoms postfundoplication (n = 34, 85%). Symptoms included dysphagia (53%), gagging (33%), oral food aversion (23%), bloating (8%), and/or dumping (3%). Recurrent GERD symptoms were present in 34 patients (85%). Twenty-one patients (53%) had pH(+/-impedance) tests performed, which were abnormal in 14 patients (67%). Thirty-five patients (88%) also had EGD performed, which showed abnormalities in 5 patients (13%), of which 3 patients (8%) had strictures on EGD. One of these patients with postoperative strictures had EoE (3%). Abnormalities of 2 other patients on EGD were not further specified.

Conclusion
Preoperative diagnostic workup for fundoplication in EA patients varies greatly. Although the majority of patients had some preoperative evaluation, only 15% underwent all gastrointestinal diagnostic tests that are currently advocated by the consensus EA guidelines.
Postoperatively, most patients (85%) had symptoms for which testing was indicated. A large percentage still had evidence of GERD. More research is needed to tailor (surgical) management of GERD in EA patients, develop a postoperative testing paradigm, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of fundoplication in this specific patient group.