bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinformation on dietary supplements by German influencers on Instagram
Authors: Ricke Jan-Niklas , Seifert Roland 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA significant proportion of the German population regularly consumes dietary supplements (NEM), and the market for these products is growing steadily. Dietary supplements are subject to food law and not pharmaceutical law. There are no official limits for the dosages of vitamins and minerals in Germany—only recommendations from institutions such as the Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) or the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Dietary supplements are strongly advertised on Instagram in particular. In Germany, Instagram is the most popular social network and many influencers use the platform to promote dietary supplements. In this paper, the ingredients of 105 dietary supplements promoted by German influencers on Instagram from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed. This analysis was based on various parameters, such as dosage form, daily therapy costs, overdose warnings, presence of dosage information, exceeding the recommended maximum daily amounts and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamins and minerals and information on adverse effects, drug interactions, and contraindications. About two-thirds of the intensively advertised dietary supplements exceeded the recommended maximum daily amounts of the Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) for vitamins and minerals without the influencers pointing out the negative effects of an overdose. Dietary supplements were frequently advertised on Instagram with discount codes, promising supplement names and promises of effectiveness and were often presented as a panacea. In contrast, information on dosing, daily costs, adverse effects, contraindications, and risks of overdosing were insufficiently addressed by influencers. Overall, influencers on Instagram disinform rather than inform consumers on dietary supplements, opening the door for intoxications. Therefore, legal action is required to prevent disinformation by influencers on social media.
Surgeons’ perspective on the use of carbon fibre plates for extremity fracture fixation
Authors: Shiers-Gelalis F. , Giannoudis V. , Rodham P. , Giannoudis P. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction/purpose
Carbon fibre plating (CFR-PEEK) became available to orthopaedic surgeons in 1998 as a competitor to the traditional metal implants. Despite this, the use of such implants has been limited globally. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the barriers to more widespread use of CFR-PEEK, specifically by examining orthopaedic surgeons’ perceptions and opinions of its use through a cross-sectional survey.

Methods
An online questionnaire with basic information attached regarding similarities and differences between CFR-PEEK and metal implants was sent out internationally, with 106 responses gained from 26 countries. Specific questions were asked to ascertain orthopaedic surgeons’ current knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of CFR-PEEK, the barriers they perceive to its more widespread use, and own personal preferences. Free-text responses were analysed and the results discussed.

Results
A minority of orthopaedic surgeons surveyed would choose CFR-PEEK over traditional metal implants (10.38%). The most common disadvantage of CFR-PEEK reported was increased cost, with 46.23% respondents identifying this. Concerns regarding structural integrity of the implant were second most commonly perceived disadvantage, with 34% of surgeons citing one or more of ‘stiffness/breakage/durability/contourability’ as a disadvantage. A small number of surgeons (3.8%) listed unfamiliarity as a potential disadvantage to the use of carbon fibre plates. The main barrier identified to their use was poor knowledge (education) in relation to the properties and existing evidence of their performance.

Conclusions
More work is needed to make CFR-PEEK more acceptable to surgeons including examination of perceived increased cost and increasing education of these implants. Further high-level evidence confirming carbon fibre non-inferiority may increase the usage of CFR-PEEK for extremity fracture fixation in the future.
Complex landscape, instream and anthropogenic environmental features drive genetic and morphological structuring amongst brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in a dendritic river system
Authors: Rodger Jessica R. , Honkanen Hannele M. , Bradley Caroline R. , Boylan Patrick , Prodöhl Paulo A. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUntangling the patterns and proximate drivers of intraspecific genetic and phenotypic structuring informs our understanding of the evolutionary processes shaping diversity. This study investigated morphological and genetic structuring of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations across varying spatial scales in a single, complex, dendritic river catchment and examined the potential natural and anthropogenic environmental features driving this structuring. Morphometric and hierarchical genetic structuring analyses of fish from 22 sampling sites in the River Foyle catchment, Ireland (~ 4500km2) identified 19 morphologically distinct groups and 15 genetically distinct populations, separated by river distances ranging from 0.4 km to 188 km. Isolation by Distance was the main factor shaping both genetic and morphological divergence, indicating that strong philopatry is one of the major drivers of the observed population structuring in this system. However, both natural and anthropogenic environmental variables also explained pairwise genetic and morphological differences between sampling sites. Thus, the pairwise differences in the area of woodland in the upstream catchment, water phosphorus concentration, biological oxygen demand, catchment slope, urban area in upstream catchment, altitude, site specific percentage of canopy cover and dissolved oxygen concentration in the river channel were correlated with genetic divergence. The pairwise differences in the concentration of suspended solids, the extent of bankside overhang, the composition of bedrock, boulder and cobble substrates, watercourse width, catchment slope and site altitude were correlated with between-site morphological differences. We hypothesise that local differential selection pressures comprising both natural environmental variation and variation resulting from anthropogenic effects, in combination with strong philopatry and random genetic processes drive the clearly defined genetic and phenotypic patterns described here.
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of retinoblastoma
Authors: Fan Jiayan , Wen Xuyang , Yang Jie , Xu Xiaofang , Jia Renbing , Fan Xianqun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to the lives of children. Treatment plans for RB vary depending on the stage of the disease, and there is an uneven distribution of medical resources across different regions. To standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RB, experts have conducted extensive discussions and proposed guidelines for RB diagnosis and treatment. These guidelines aim to improve the clinical management of RB and serve as a reference for clinicians in their practice.
Influence of cross-girder spacing on RC T-beam bridges: a comparative theoretical and finite element approach
Authors: Subedi Ajaya , Adhikari Binaya , Poudel Ashish , Khadka Binod , Poudel Samrat , Sapkota Sanjog Chhetri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCross girders are seen as typical elements in different types of bridges. In a T-beam bridge, cross girders are essential in stiffening the longitudinal girders laterally and reducing the exterior girder’s torsion. This study aimed to understand the effects of varying cross-girder spacing in a T-beam bridge by studying the relationship between several cross-girders with key structural parameters like Shear force (SF), maximum displacement, Bending moment (BM) and torsion. For this, different models were prepared in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, and cross girders varied from 0 to 10 in number. Here, the span and width of the bridge were taken constant, with several cross girders as the only varying parameter. The loadings were taken as per the IRC code. From analysis, it has been found when considering a combination of dead load and live load, the odd number of cross girders is seen as more effective in live load distribution. Further, it’s seen that BM and deflection decrease when cross girders are increased from 2 to 3 but then increase with further addition of no. of cross girders. Hence, an optimum number of cross girders that reduce BM and deflection is 3. Similarly, a comparison was made between the distribution factor obtained from FEA software and Courbon’s distribution factor, and variations were observed.
Nuclearization on the Iberian Peninsula: A Tale of Two Countries (c. 1947–1988)
Authors: Madureira Nuno Luis , Bartolomé Rodríguez Isabel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Because nuclear power development entails massive initial investments in power plants, along with institutional innovations in regulation, law, and basic physical infrastructure, there are strong grounds to support the pervasiveness of the central state in the industry. Furthermore, considering the scale economies in reactor installation, standardization in design, and enhanced learning by doing, little scope remains for the consideration of decentralized business interests. This article argues that competition, in the sense of rivalry between firms, can nonetheless be a driving force behind the nuclear industry. To illustrate the point, we draw a comparative, eventful history of two Iberian nations, Portugal and Spain: Portugal has failed several attempts to introduce nuclear power, while Spain has become one of the largest nuclear power nations in Europe. A fine-grained analysis of the circumstances surrounding the nuclear history of both countries is presented, highlighting the key variables of business history and the role of the central state and political actors in economic policy.
Bipolar nanochannels: the effects of an electroosmotic instability. Part 2. Time-transient response
Authors: Abu-Rjal Ramadan , Green Yoav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The most common method to characterize the electrical response of a nanofluidic system is through its steady-state current–voltage response. In Part 1, we demonstrated that this current–voltage response depends on the geometry, the layout of the surface charge and the effects of advection. We demonstrated that each configuration has a unique steady-state signature. Here, we will elucidate the behaviour of the time-transient response. Similar to the steady-state response, we will show that each configuration has its own unique time-transient signature when subjected to electroosmotic instability. We show that bipolar systems behave differently than unipolar systems. In unipolar systems, the instability appears only at one end of the system. In contrast, in bipolar systems the instability will either appear on both sides of the nanochannel or not at all. If it does appear on both sides, the instability will eventually vanish on one or both sides of the system. In Part 1, these phenomena were explained using steady-state considerations of the behaviour of the fluxes. Here, we will examine the time-transient behaviour to reveal the governing principles that are, on the one hand, not so different from unipolar systems and, on the other hand, remarkably different.
DUAL NAKANO POSITIVITY AND SINGULAR NAKANO POSITIVITY OF DIRECT IMAGE SHEAVES
Authors: WATANABE YUTA 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let

$f:X\to Y$

be a surjective projective map, and let L be a holomorphic line bundle on X equipped with a (singular) semi-positive Hermitian metric h. In this article, by studying the canonical metric on the direct image sheaf of the twisted relative canonical bundles

$K_{X/Y}\otimes L\otimes \mathscr {I}(h)$

, we obtain that this metric has dual Nakano semi-positivity when h is smooth and there is no deformation by f and that this metric has locally Nakano semi-positivity in the singular sense when h is singular.
A search for 3-mm molecular absorption line transitions in the magellanic stream
Authors: Steffes Lucille , Rybarczyk Daniel R. , Stanimirović Snežana , Dawson J. R. , Putman Mary , Richter Philipp , Gallagher John , Liszt Harvey , Murray Claire , Dickey John Miller , Heiles Carl , Hernandez Audra , Lindner Robert , Liu Yangyang , McClure-Griffiths Naomi M. , Wong Tony , Savage Blair 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Magellanic Stream (MS), a tail of diffuse gas formed from tidal and ram pressure interactions between the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC) and the Halo of the Milky Way, is primarily composed of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI). The deficiency of dust and the diffuse nature of the present gas make molecular formation rare and difficult, but if present, could lead to regions potentially suitable for star formation, thereby allowing us to probe conditions of star formation similar to those at high redshifts. We search for

$\text{HCO}^{+}$

, HCN, HNC, and C

$_2$

H using the highest sensitivity observations of molecular absorption data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to trace these regions, comparing with HI archival data from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array (GALFA) HI Survey and the Galactic All Sky Survey (GASS) to compare these environments in the MS to the HI column density threshold for molecular formation in the Milky Way. We also compare the line of sight locations with confirmed locations of stars, molecular hydrogen, and OI detections, though at higher sensitivities than the observations presented here.
We find no detections to a 3

$\sigma$

significance, despite four sightlines having column densities surpassing the threshold for molecular formation in the diffuse regions of the Milky Way. Here we present our calculations for the upper limits of the column densities of each of these molecular absorption lines, ranging from

$3 \times 10^{10}$

to

$1 \times 10^{13}$

cm

$^{-2}$

. The non-detection of

$\text{HCO}^{+}$

suggests that at least one of the following is true: (i)

$X_{\text{HCO}^{+}{}, \mathrm{MS}}$

is significantly lower than the Milky Way value; (ii) that the widespread diffuse molecular gas observed by Rybarczyk (2022b, ApJ, 928, 79) in the Milky Way’s diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) does not have a direct analogue in the MS; (iii) the HI-to-

$\text{H}_{2}$

transition occurs in the MS at a higher surface density in the MS than in the LMC or SMC; or (iv) molecular gas exists in the MS, but only in small, dense clumps.
Quantitative analysis of the root posture of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with wavy roots
Authors: Yagi Hiroki , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Ueda Haruko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plant postures are affected by environmental stimuli. When the gravitational direction changes, the Arabidopsis thaliana mutants myosin xif xik (xif xik) and atp-binding cassette b19 (abcb19) exhibit aberrantly enhanced organ bending. Whether their phenotypes are due to the same mechanism is unknown. We characterized the primary root postures of these mutants. Their roots exhibited enhanced gravitropic bending with the same root-tip angles. The wavy roots of vertically grown plants were quantitatively evaluated using four indices. The straightness index (root base-to-tip length to total root-length ratio) was similar for xif xik and abcb19, and it slightly decreased for xif xik abcb19. The curvature index was similar for abcb19 and xif xik abcb19, but it decreased for xif xik, suggesting the ABCB19 deficiency caused the roots to curve more sharply. Combination of these indices for quantitative analyses of root postures may distinguish between similar wavy-root phenotypes and clarify genetic relationships.
Governance by One-Lot Shares
Authors: Cao Feng , Xuan Yuhai , Yuan Rongli , Zou Hong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We use a novel experiment in China to examine the effects of having a quasi-official investor own a small number of shares on specific firm outcomes. We find that, relative to control firms, pilot firms experience an increase in dissenting votes from independent directors, a reduction in tunneling and earnings management activities, and an improvement in merger performance. Independent directors questioned by the quasi-official shareholder in activism events subsequently lose board seats in the director market. Overall, our results shed light on a new mechanism for enhancing the protection of minority shareholders.
The unexpected impact of geographic access on take-up of social benefits
Authors: Dahan Momi , Tarshish Noam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among the factors identified to account for non-take-up of social benefits, there has been limited research on ‘process costs’, particularly regarding the impact of geographic access. Using Israeli data on field office openings from 1993 to 2021, this paper investigates the impact of geographic access on the take-up of the five largest social security programs in Israel. Based on staggered openings and closings of social security field offices, we find that geographic access has no significant impact on the take-up of either automatic enrollment programs, such as child allowances, or non-automatic programs, such as disability benefits. These findings suggest that the effect of geographic access on the take-up of social benefits may have been overstated in previous studies. We propose the following hypothesis to explain the surprising findings: If enhanced geographic access is driven by political favoritism, opening of new service points may lead to the misallocation of resources and, in effect, increase administrative burdens, thereby undermining rather than improving the take-up of social benefits.
Impact of indication changes on scoping for European Union Joint Clinical Assessment: scale of the problem and how to address it
Authors: Heikkinen Inka , Goodall Melinda , Steck Natalie , Poulakou Maria , Piso Katherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The European Union Joint Clinical Assessment (JCA) process aligns with the regulatory process to promote faster patient access. The PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) scoping for the JCA must occur before the regulatory process concludes. The risk of indication change during this period is one of the concerns for the success of the JCA process. We investigated the frequency and type of changes that are made to proposed indications and examined how such changes could impact the PICO scoping for JCA.

Methods
Twenty-seven recently approved oncology and 15 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) products were included. Observed indication changes were categorized into editorial or population changes population changes were graded based on the anticipated impact on JCA scope depending on their nature.

Results
The majority of products had only editorial changes between proposed and approved indications (67 percent). Once amended, it was common for the indicated population to be narrowed, and rare for it to be broadened. The most common change observed was the shift to a later treatment line. The greatest risk for PICO rescoping would be when new populations would have been added, or new subpopulations or subgroups would have been omitted from the initial scope.

Conclusion
The impact on JCA scope depends on the proposed indication wording and how the PICO scoping would have been conducted. Rescoping warrants a considered decision, and to mitigate the risk of delays, dialogue between the assessors and the developer is recommended for informed decision-making.
China in the UNCLOS and BBNJ negotiations, yesterday once more?
Authors: Liu Nengye , Scott Shirley V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article compares China’s stance during the UNCLOS negotiations – the starting point of contemporary law of the sea, with its engagement in the latest development of negotiations on the United Nations agreement on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). It answers the question, how does China participate in these two important rules-making processes of the international law of the sea? By identifying salient positions China took in each set of lengthy negotiations and explaining the reasons behind, the article also aims to reflect what a rising China may bring to the international legal maritime order in the foreseeable future. The first part of this article, on the nature of China’s engagement in the UNCLOS negotiations, draws on archival study of official records of the UNCLOS III (1973–1982), as has been digitalized by the UN Office of Legal Affairs. The second part examines the period between the adoption of the UNCLOS (1982) and the start of the BBNJ process (2004), paying attention to China’s shifting practice towards the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed mineral resources, and its concerns over the ratification of the UNCLOS and the 1995 FSA. Then the article focuses on China in the BBNJ negotiations – Working Groups, Preparatory Committee Meetings and Intergovernmental Conferences. Drawing upon the evolution of China’s positions over the past five decades, the article concludes with some insights on the likely future directions and implications of China’s engagement with the international law of the sea.
An MBO method for modularity optimisation based on total variation and signless total variation
Authors: Li Zijun , van Gennip Yves , John Volker 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In network science, one of the significant and challenging subjects is the detection of communities. Modularity [1] is a measure of community structure that compares connectivity in the network with the expected connectivity in a graph sampled from a random null model. Its optimisation is a common approach to tackle the community detection problem. We present a new method for modularity maximisation, which is based on the observation that modularity can be expressed in terms of total variation on the graph and signless total variation on the null model. The resulting algorithm is of Merriman–Bence–Osher (MBO) type. Different from earlier methods of this type, the new method can easily accommodate different choices of the null model. Besides theoretical investigations of the method, we include in this paper numerical comparisons with other community detection methods, among which the MBO-type methods of Hu et al. [2] and Boyd et al. [3], and the Leiden algorithm [4].
Understanding the correlation risk premium
Authors: Dhaene Jan , Linders Daniël , Ling Biwen , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework justifying the existence of a correlation risk premium in a market with two traded assets. We prove that risk-neutral dependence can differ substantially from real-world dependence by characterizing the set of risk-neutral martingale measures. This implies that implied correlation can be significantly different with the realized correlation. Depending on the choice of the market regarding the pricing measure, implied correlation can be high or low. We label the difference between risk-neutral and real-world correlation the “correlation gap” and make the connection with correlation risk premium. We show how dispersion trading can be used to exploit this correlation gap and demonstrate how there can exist a negative correlation risk premium in the financial market.