bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale systems biology of trauma‐induced coagulopathy
Authors: Tsiklidis Evan , Sims Carrie , Sinno Talid , Diamond Scott L. 
Published: February 2018

Trauma with hypovolemic shock is an extreme pathological state that challenges the body to maintain blood pressure and oxygenation in the face of hemorrhagic blood loss. In conjunction with surgical actions and transfusion therapy, survival requires the patient's blood to maintain hemostasis to stop bleeding. The physics of the problem are multiscale: (a) the systemic circulation sets the global blood pressure in response to blood loss and resuscitation therapy, (b) local tissue perfusion is altered by localized vasoregulatory mechanisms and bleeding, and (c) altered blood and vessel biology resulting from the trauma as well as local hemodynamics control the assembly of clotting components at the site of injury. Building upon ongoing modeling efforts to simulate arterial or venous thrombosis in a diseased vasculature, computer simulation of trauma‐induced coagulopathy is an emerging approach to understand patient risk and predict response. Despite uncertainties in quantifying the patient's dynamic injury burden, multiscale systems biology may help link blood biochemistry at the molecular level to multiorgan responses in the bleeding patient. As an important goal of systems modeling, establishing early metrics of a patient's high‐dimensional trajectory may help guide transfusion therapy or warn of subsequent later stage bleeding or thrombotic risks.This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Patients with cT3/Nearly T4 Esophageal Cancer: Is Sarcopenia Correlated with Postoperative Complications and Prognosis?
Authors: Saeki Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Kudou Kensuke , Sasaki Shun , Jogo Tomoko , Hirose Kosuke , Edahiro Keitaro , Korehisa Shotaro , Taniguchi Daisuke , Nakanishi Ryota , Kubo Nobuhide , Ando Koji , Kabashima Akira , Oki Eiji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSince the clinical impact of sarcopenia on multimodal therapy for patients with esophageal cancer is not well understood, this study was conducted to determine the influence of sarcopenia on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for locally advanced esophageal cancer.MethodsThe skeletal muscle index was quantified at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography images, and sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index that was less than the average for each gender. We compared treatment outcomes in patients with cT3 and nearly T4 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between the sarcopenia group (n = 85) and the non‐sarcopenia group (n = 72).ResultsThe 5‐year survival rates were 33.4% in the non‐sarcopenia group and 31.5% in the sarcopenia group; these differences were not significant. The prognosis of the patients with sarcopenia was worse than that of the patients without sarcopenia in the surgery‐alone group, but there was no difference between patients with and without sarcopenia in the NACRT group.ConclusionsNACRT could be a useful option for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, even for those with sarcopenia, without increasing the incidence of morbidity and mortality.
Exploring object-based content adaptation for mobile audio
Authors: Walton Tim , Evans Michael , Kirk David , Melchior Frank 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Mobile devices enable users to consume media with audio content in a wide range of contexts, with environmental noise being present in many of these. Several methods exist that aim to improve the experience of mobile listening by utilising information about the environmental noise, such as volume and dynamic range adaptation. This paper explores a fundamentally different approach to improving the mobile listening experience by using the object-based audio paradigm, where individual audio sources are mixed in response to each specific listening context. Three experimental studies, containing both quantitative and qualitative aspects, are presented which investigate whether environmental noise influences preference of background-foreground audio object balance in a mix. The results indicate that environmental noise can influence the preferred audio mix and that the nature of the adaptations made is dependent upon both audio content and user. Additionally, qualitative analysis provides an understanding of the role of environmental noise on preferred audio mix. It is believed that the content adaptation method explored in this paper is a simple yet useful tool for adapting content to suit both the context and the user.
Mulberries in the urine: a tell‐tale sign of Fabry disease
Authors: Chong Pin Fee , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Kira Ryutaro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFabry disease is a treatable progressive illness of inborn error causing eventual multiple organ dysfunction in advanced untreated cases. We report on a classic Fabry child patient presenting with urinary mulberry cells and bodies without renal involvement. This report emphasizes the usefulness of urinary microscopic findings in the early diagnosis of Fabry disease.
Mosaic evolution in the middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera Fohsella lineage
Authors: Si Weimin , Berggren William A. , Aubry Marie-Pierre 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that modes of evolution, namely directional trend, random walk, and stasis, vary across morphologic traits and over the geographic range of a taxon. If so, is it possible that our interpretation of evolutionary modes is actually driven by our selection of traits in a study? In an attempt to answer this question, we have restudied the middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera Fohsella lineage, an iconic example of gradual morphologic evolution. In contrast to previous studies that have focused on the gross morphology as embodied by the edge view of tests, we analyze here multiple phenotypic traits chosen because their biologic and ecologic significance is well understood in living populations. We find that traits in the lineage did not evolve in concert. The timing and geographic pattern of changes in shape, coiling direction, size, and ecology were different. The evolution of this lineage is a mosaic combination of different evolutionary modes for different traits. We suggest that overemphasis on the evolution of some single trait, such as the edge-view outline, from narrow geographic ranges has significantly underestimated the dynamic evolutionary history of this group.
Gold price volatility, tax revenue, and employment: can Burkina Faso's adaptation strategy avoid the natural resource curse?
Authors: Sisso Delphine Carole , Beaumais Olivier 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince 2007, Burkina Faso's mining sector has grown quickly, with gold replacing cotton as the country's biggest export. The decline in gold prices since 2012, however, has hit the Burkina Faso economy hard. Using a static computable general equilibrium model, we assess whether – in a context of gold-price decline and volatility – an increase in the tax burden on the mining sector, as implemented by the government of Burkina Faso, is the appropriate way to avoid the natural resource curse. The results show that a tax policy based solely on increasing taxes on the gold sector brings only limited economic benefits, notably in terms of employment, and fails to significantly mitigate the effects of gold-price volatility.
Impact of Soil pH on Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) and Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Competition
Authors: Prince Candice M. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Ferrell Jason A. , Sellers Brent A. , Wang Jingjing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCogongrass is commonly found in disturbed areas in Florida, where it is increasingly becoming a problem in bahiagrass pastures. Soil pH has been suggested as a possible mechanism for this invasion; to evaluate this, replacement series competition studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions at two soil pH levels: pH 4.5, or pH 6.8. Cogongrass ramets and bahiagrass seedlings were planted at proportions of 0:40, 1:20, 2:10, 4:1, and 8:0, respectively. Aboveground biomass was measured after 8 weeks and used to calculate relative yield, relative crowding coefficients, and aggressivity values. At soil pH 4.5, the relative competitiveness of cogongrass and bahiagrass was similar, with both species contributing equally to relative yield. At soil pH 6.8, bahiagrass seedlings showed greater competitive ability than cogongrass ramets. Relative crowding coefficient and aggressivity values supported this, with bahiagrass showing increased competitiveness under higher soil pH. This indicates that decreases in soil pH, often associated with poor soil fertility, is likely a contributing factor for cogongrass invasion into bahiagrass pastures. Soil amendments to raise pH may provide a cultural management tool for cogongrass infestations in pastures.
One step fabrication of Silicon nanocones with wide-angle enhanced light absorption
Authors: Magdi Sara , El-Rifai Joumana , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report the fabrication of an array of random Silicon nanocones using a KrF excimer laser. A 370 nm thick amorphous Silicon layer deposited on a glass substrate was used in the process. The fabricated nanocones showed a large and broadband absorption enhancement over the entire visible wavelength range. An enhancement up to 350% is measured at λ = 650 nm. Additionally, the laser irradiation caused the nanocones to crystallize. The effect of changing the laser parameters (i.e. energy density, time, and frequency) on the morphology and the absorption is studied and compared. Wide-angle anti-reflective properties have been observed for the fabricated nanocones with less than 10% reflection for angles up to 60°. The major limitation of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells is the reduced absorption. This problem could be solved if light is trapped efficiently inside the thin film without the need of increasing the film thickness. The random array of nanocones presented in this work showed a substantial increase in absorption over a wide angle, were fabricated at a low cost and are easily scalable. This technique offers a fast approach which could significantly help in overcoming the absorption limitation.
Observation of optic disc neovascularization using OCT angiography in proliferative diabetic retinopathy after intravitreal conbercept injections
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Chan , Zhou Li-jia , Dai Rong-ping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study reports the short-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept injections for neovascularization at the disc (NVD) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Conbercept is a recombinant fusion protein with a high affinity for all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, placental growth factor and VEGF-B. A prospective case series study was conducted in 15 patients (15 eyes). Patients had complete ocular examinations and received a 0.5 mg intravitreal conbercept injection followed by supplemental pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed before and after treatment. Before treatment, the mean NVD area was 1.05 ± 0.33 mm2, and it decreased to 0.56 ± 0.17 mm2 after an interval of 7.5 d (p = 0.000). One eye required vitrectomy during follow-up. Recurrent NVD was observed in 2 eyes, which resolved after repeated injections. The remaining 12 eyes were stable over a mean follow-up period of 8.3 months. The mean area of the NVD in 14 patients without vitrectomy was 0.22 ± 0.11 mm2 (p = 0.000) at the last visit. Intravitreal conbercept injections combined with intensive PRP are an effective and safe treatment for PDR with NVD. Quantitative information on NVD can be obtained with OCTA, which may be clinically useful in evaluating the therapeutic effect.
Sea urchin histamine receptor 1 regulates programmed cell death in larval Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Authors: Lutek Keegan , Dhaliwal Rasmeet Singh , Van Raay Terence J. , Heyland Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSettlement is a rapid process in many marine invertebrate species, transitioning a planktonic larva into a benthic juvenile. In indirectly developing sea urchins, this ecological transition correlates with a morphological, developmental and physiological transition (metamorphosis) during which apoptosis is essential for the resorption and remodelling of larval and juvenile structures. While settlement is initiated by environmental cues (i.e. habitat-specific or benthic substrate cues), metamorphosis is regulated by developmental endocrine signals, such as histamine (HA), thyroid hormones (THs) and nitric oxide (NO). In the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we found that suH1R mRNA levels increase during larval development and peak during metamorphic competence. SuH1R positive cell clusters are prominently visible in the mouth region of sea urchin larvae, but the protein appears to be expressed at low levels throughout the larval arms and epidermis. SuH1R knock-down experiments in larval stages show that the function of suH1R is in inhibiting apoptosis. Our results therefore suggest that suH1R is regulating the metamorphic transition by inhibiting apoptosis. These results provide new insights into metamorphic mechanisms and have implications for our understanding of settlement and metamorphosis in the marine environment.
The coolest extremely low-mass white dwarfs
Authors: Calcaferro Leila M. , Althaus Leandro G. , Córsico Alejandro H. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Extremely low-mass white dwarf (ELM WD; M⋆ ≲ 0.18–0.20 M⊙) stars are thought to be formed in binary systems via stable or unstable mass transfer. Although stable mass transfer predicts the formation of ELM WDs with thick hydrogen (H) envelopes that are characterized by dominant residual nuclear burning along the cooling branch, the formation of ELM WDs with thinner H envelopes from unstable mass loss cannot be discarded.
Aims. We compute new evolutionary sequences for helium (He) core WD stars with thin H envelopes with the main aim of assessing the lowest Teff that could be reached by this type of stars.
Methods. We generate a new grid of evolutionary sequences of He-core WD stars with thin H envelopes in the mass range from 0.1554 to 0.2025 M⊙, and assess the changes in both the cooling times and surface gravity induced by a reduction of the H envelope. We also determine, taking into account the predictions of progenitor evolution, the lowest Teff reached by the resulting ELM WDs.
Results. We find that a slight reduction in the H envelope yields a significant increase in the cooling rate of ELM WDs. Because of this, ELM WDs with thin H envelopes could cool down to ~2500 K, in contrast to their canonical counterparts that cool down to ~7000 K. In addition, we find that a reduction of the thickness of the H envelope markedly increases the surface gravity (g) of these stars.
Conclusions. If ELM WDs are formed with thin H envelopes, they could be detected at very low Teff. The detection of such cool ELM WDs would be indicative that they were formed with thin H envelopes, thus opening the possibility of placing constraints on the possible mechanisms of formation of this type of star. Last but not least, the increase in g due to the reduction of the H envelope leads to consequences in the spectroscopic determinations of these stars.
Annulation Reactions for Conjugated Ladder-Type Oligomers
Authors: Fang Lei , Kalin Alexander , Lee Jongbok 
Published: February 2018

Conjugated ladder-type oligomers are a class of important functional organic materials. They possess intriguing properties stemming from their fully fused aromatic backbones. The construction of the ladder-type backbone relies on a ‘ladderization’ step, which may be accomplished through either kinetically or thermodynamically controlled annulation reactions. The attributes of these reactions are discussed, with relevant recent examples. The development of these reactions is key to continued advances and innovation in the field of organic conjugated materials.1	Introduction2	Kinetic Annulations3	Thermodynamic Annulations4	Future Outlooks and Conclusion
Effect of Homeopathic Dilutions of Cuprum Arsenicosum on the Electrical Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene)
Authors: Gayen Anandalal , Mondal Dheeraj , Bandyopadhyay Poonam , Bera Debbethi , Bhar Durga , Das Sukhen , Manchanda Raj , Khurana Anil , Nayak Debadatta , Paul Biplab , Nandy Papiya 
Published: February 2018

Background We report the effects of nanoparticles in homeopathic preparations of copper salts on the electrical properties of polymer film. Previous work showed that the incorporation of metal-derived homeopathic medicines increases the dielectric constant and alternating current (AC) conductivity of an electroactive polymer film that is commonly used as a capacitor in the electronic industry.We report here the effect of dilution of one homeopathic medicine, Cuprum arsenicosum (CuAs), at 200C potency on the electrical properties of the polymer film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene).
Methods CuAs 200c was incorporated in the film by the solution casting method. The electrical characteristics were measured at different frequencies using an inductance, capacitance, and resistance meter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect phase change in the polymer film due to the incorporation of CuAs. Morphology and particle size were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.
Results At 10 kHz frequency, both dielectric constant and AC conductivity increased approximately 18 times for the polymer film when incorporated with 2 mL CuAs at 200C potency. FTIR indicated the increase in conducting phase, while FESEM and EDX confirmed the presence of spherical CuAs particles.
Conclusion The incorporation of CuAs in the electroactive polymer film enhances the conductivity and dielectric constant. We conclude that these changes arise from the change in phase of the polymer film, and because of the presence of two different metals that affects the interfacial polarization.
Periprocedural Bleeding Risk Assessment in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Fortune Brett , Madoff David , May Benjamin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInvasive procedures are common in the management of cirrhosis-related chronic liver disease (CLD). Assessing bleeding risk prior to these procedures is challenging because of commonly seen laboratory abnormalities among traditional testing used to evaluate bleeding risk in patients with advanced liver disease. However, this ‘coagulopathy’ seen in advanced liver disease is not a true bleeding or clotting disorder. The prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) test is frequently elevated in CLD patients, but has been shown to poorly correlate with bleeding risk in this population. A traditional interpretation of this laboratory test can lead to unnecessary transfusion of blood product, procedure delay, or even potential harm to the patient. An understanding of the ‘coagulopathy’ of advanced liver disease and alternative methods, to more accurately assess bleeding risk, allows clinicians to treat safely CLD patients.
Epidemiologie des Übergewichts und der Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen anhand von deutschen Schuleingangsdaten
Authors: Brandt S. , Moß A. , Klenk J. , Kromeyer-Hauschild K. , Wabitsch M. 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland existiert das System der Schuleingangsuntersuchung. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung werden unter anderem Werte zum aktuellen Körpergewicht (kg) und zur aktuellen Körperhöhe (m) des Kindes erhoben. Der BMI (kg/m2) wird berechnet und mit Referenzwerten verglichen. Ein BMI größer dem 90. alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Perzentil wird als Übergewicht und ein BMI größer dem 97. alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Perzentil als Adipositas definiert. Eine Arbeitsgruppe bestehend aus Prof. Dr. med. Wabitsch, Dr. biol. hum. Moß, Dr. biol. hum. Klenk und PD Dr. rer. nat. Kromeyer-Hauschild hat in der Vergangenheit zu zwei Zeitpunkten die Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchung in den einzelnen Bundesländern abgefragt (2004 und 2008). Zusätzlich wurde eine Literatursuche durchgeführt. Die Prävalenzraten für Übergewicht und Adipositas variierten zu beiden Zeitpunkten der Datenabfrage zwischen den Bundesländern. Im Vergleich zu 2004 zeigte sich im Jahr 2008 eine Reduktion der Prävalenzraten für Übergewicht und für Adipositas zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung für die Mehrheit der Bundesländer.
Auf der Suche nach dem Best Point of Service für hochaltrige, chronisch-kranke und sterbende Menschen: Die medikalisierte geriatrische Langzeitbetreuung der Geriatrischen Gesundheitszentren der Stadt Graz
Authors: Löffler Kerstin , Weidinger Lisa , Granig-Sixt Christine , Hartinger Gerd , Hermann Brigitte 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Hochaltrigkeit und damit einhergehende Multimorbidität fordern spezialisierte Versorgung von geriatrischen Patienten. Im Vergleich dreier Versorgungsstrukturen (Palliativmedizinische Einrichtung im Akutkrankenhaus, Hospiz, Pflegeheim) wurde der Mehrwert einer Abteilung für medikalisierte geriatrische Langzeitbetreuung (MG) der Geriatrischen Gesundheitszentren (GGZ) der Stadt Graz für hochaltrige Menschen am Lebensende überprüft.
Methodik In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden Kennzahlen der Jahre 2011 und 2015 zu 1398 Patienten in den genannten Versorgungsstrukturen verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die MG eine adäquate, qualitativ hochwertige sowie kosteneffiziente Versorgungsstruktur für die beschriebenen Patienten darstellt. Ökonomisch betrachtet, beansprucht eine adäquate Versorgung in einer MG deutlich weniger Ressourcen für die beschriebene Klientel.
Schlussfolgerung Aktuell orientieren sich die Finanzierungsströme im österreichischen Gesundheitssystem nur unzureichend an einer abgestuften Versorgung und dem Best Point of Service. Als Voraussetzung für eine abgestufte Versorgung wird eine Anpassung der Finanzierungsstruktur empfohlen.
Fieber und pulmo-renales Syndrom mit akuter Cholezystitis nach Südostasienreise – eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Schenk Laura , Pavenstädt Hermann , Kümpers Philipp 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Wir berichten über einen 37-jährigen männlichen Patienten, der sich im Winter aufgrund von Fieber, Abgeschlagenheit sowie Kopf- und Gliederschmerzen in der Notaufnahme unserer Klinik vorstellte. Der Patient war 14 Tage zuvor aus einem Urlaub in Thailand zurückgekehrt.
Untersuchungen In klinischer Untersuchung, Laborbefunden, sowie apparativer Diagnostik zeigte sich bei diesem Patienten ein pulmo-renales Syndrom mit Multiorganbeteiligung.
Diagnose Letztendlich konnte eine Leptospirose als Ursache bestätigt werden.
Therapie Es wurde eine Penicillintherapie durchgeführt.
Verlauf Kurz nach Aufnahme musste der Patient aufgrund der Sepsis mit Multiorganaffektion auf die Intensivstation übernommen werden. Unter antibiotischer Therapie, nichtinvasiver Beatmung und mehrmaliger Hämodialyse konnte der Zustand des Patienten stabilisiert werden. Nach knapp vierwöchigem Krankenhausaufenthalt konnte er in gutem Allgemeinzustand nach Hause entlassen werden.
Folgerung Vor Hintergrund der jahreszeitlichen Häufung grippaler Symptome im Winter sowie der Tropenrückkehrer-Anamnese stellte dieser Fall eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung dar. Die Leptospirose ist eine mögliche Ursache des pulmo-renalen Syndroms.