bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic floor muscle training with and without supplementary KAATSU for women with stress urinary incontinence ‐ a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Due Ulla , Klarskov Niels , Gräs Søren , Lose Gunnar 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo explore if adding occlusion training of a thigh (KAATSU) to low‐intensity pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) could increase effect of PFMT in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsSingle‐blinded randomized controlled pilot study. Women with SUI and an ICIQ‐UI‐SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short form) score of ≥12 were randomized to a low‐intensity PFMT program followed by KAATSU (KAATSU + PFMT) or to a low‐intensity PFMT program without KAATSU (PFMT group), both performed four times a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcome: Change in the ICIQ‐UI‐SF score at a 12‐week follow‐up. Secondary outcomes: a 3‐day leakage diary, the PGI‐I (Patient Global Index of Improvement scale), bother with KAATSU in a numeric rank scale and change in urethral opening pressure (UOP) measured with urethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) at rest, contraction and straining at the 12‐week follow‐up.ResultsForty‐one women with SUI and an ICIQ‐UI‐SF of 13 (range 12‐16) were included. Fourteen in the KAATSU + PFMT and 17 in the PFMT group completed the study. Both groups had a significant and clinically relevant improvement of the ICIQ‐UI‐SF score and decrease in number of incontinence episodes with no significant between group differences. UOP did not increase significantly in either group. Bother with KAATSU was low but seven of 14 women expressed dislike with KAATSU.ConclusionsThe added KAATSU protocol did not increase the effect of low‐intensity PFMT and it was not well tolerated. While subjective effect was significant in both intervention groups this was not reflected in the UPR measures.
Transarterial radioembolization with yttrium‐90 of unresectable primary hepatic malignancy in children
Authors: Aguado Allison , Ristagno Ross , Towbin Alexander J. , Gupta Anita , Haberle Sinisa , Qi Zhihua , Patel Manish N. , Kukreja Kamlesh U. , Tiao Gregory M. , Geller James I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary malignant liver tumors are rare, accounting for 1% to 2% of all childhood cancers. When chemotherapy fails, transarterial radioembolization with yttrium‐90 (TARE‐Y90) may offer an alternative therapy as a bridge to surgical resection or liver transplant or for palliation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 10 pediatric patients with histologically confirmed primary liver malignancy who received treatment with TARE‐Y90.ResultsThe median age at treatment was 5.5 years (range, 2–18 years). Median patient survival from initial diagnosis was 12.5 months (range, 10–28 months), and median patient survival after TARE‐Y90 was 4 months (range, 2–20 months). Retreatment was well tolerated in three of 10 patients, with these patients demonstrating the longest survival times (range, 17–20 months). One patient was transplanted 6 weeks after TARE‐Y90. By RECIST 1.1 criteria of all target lesions, eight of nine patients had stable disease, and one of nine had progressive disease. By mRECIST criteria (requiring postcontrast arterial phase imaging), two of seven patients had a partial response, four of seven had stable disease, and one of seven had progressive disease.ConclusionTARE‐Y90 of unresectable primary liver malignancy is both technically feasible and demonstrates an anticancer effect, and retreatment is well tolerated. TARE‐Y90 could be considered as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies and could be used as a bridge to surgical resection or liver transplant. More research is required to determine the efficacy of this treatment in children and to define the clinical scenarios where benefit is likely to be optimized.
Investigation of gas transport and other physical properties in relation to the bromination degree of polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Halder Karabi , Georgopanos Prokopios , Shishatskiy Sergey , Filiz Volkan , Abetz Volker 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn this work, the synthesis of novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with different degrees of bromine substitution by a free‐radical substitution reaction was performed. The synthesized polymers were thoroughly characterized and their bromination degree was verified via nuclear magnetic resonance. The brominated PIMs were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and density measurements and correlated with their gas transport properties. It was found that with an increase in the bromination degree, the synthesized PIMs exhibited a significant increase in polymer chain packing density which led to reduced fractional free volume and consequent decrease in gas diffusion and permeability coefficients. The change in permeability coefficients caused an improvement in the CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2 ideal permeability selectivities. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2752–2761
Temperature–Light Dual‐Responsive Au@PNIPAm Core‐Shell Microgel‐Based Optical Devices
Authors: Wei Menglian , Serpe Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAu nanoparticle (AuNP) core particles coated with a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) shell (Au@pNIPAm) are synthesized by seed mediated free radical polymerization. Subsequently, a temperature–light‐responsive photonic device is fabricated by sandwiching the Au@pNIPAm particles between two thin layers of Au. The optical device exhibits visual color and characteristic multipeak reflectance spectra, where peak position is primarily determined by the distance between two Au layers. Dual responsivities of the photonic device are achieved by combining the photothermal effect of AuNPs core (localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect) and the temperature responsivity of the pNIPAm shell. That is, the pNIPAm shell collapses as the temperature is increased above pNIPAm's lower critical solution temperature, either by direct heat input or heat generated by AuNPs' LSPR effect. To investigate the effect of AuNPs distribution in the microgels on the devices' photothermal responsivity, the Au@pNIPAm microgel‐based etalon devices are compared with that fabricated by AuNP‐doped pNIPAm‐based microgels; in terms of response kinetics and optical spectrum homogeneity. The uniform Au@pNIPAm microgel‐based devices show a fast response and exhibit a comparatively homogeneous spectrum over the whole slide. These materials can potentially find use in drug delivery systems, active optics, and soft robotics.
Combined Chemo‐Photothermotherapy Using Gold Nanoshells on Drug‐Loaded Micellar Templates for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lee Shin‐Yu , Peng Cheng‐Liang , Shieh Ming‐Jium 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCombined chemo‐photothermotherapy is a novel strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of cancer treatment by the synergistic effects of both photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy. Here, multifunctional gold nanoshells (GNS) that are synthesized using the 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38)‐loaded micellar template are presented. The surface of positively charged SN‐38‐encapsulated poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]–poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PDMA–PCL) micelles is decorated with a gold layer by in situ reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4). The GNS display a broad surface plasmon resonance peak in the near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength region and high photothermal conversion ability. After PEGylation, the GNS are stable in biological media and appear highly biocompatible. Upon NIR laser irradiation, the PEGylated gold nanoshells on SN‐38‐encapsulated micelles (SN‐38@pGNS) convert incident energy to heat, which causes local temperature increase and facilitates the release of the encapsulated drug. Combined chemo‐photothermotherapy using SN‐38@pGNS with laser irradiation kills colorectal cancer cells with higher efficacy in vitro and demonstrates significant tumor suppression in vivo compared to using single therapy such as chemotherapy or PTT alone. This suggests that GNS on drug‐loaded micelles deliver SN‐38 and PTT synergistically and may be a potential candidate for future colorectal cancer therapy.
Oral administration of the selective GPR120/FFA4 agonist compound A is not effective in alleviating tissue inflammation in mouse models of prototypical autoimmune diseases
Authors: Wannick Melanie , Bezdek Siegfried , Guillen Nathalie , Thieme Markus , Meshrkey Fibi , Mousavi Sadegh , Seeling Michaela , Nimmerjahn Falk , Mócsai Attila , Zillikens Detlef , Sezin Tanya , Sadik Christian D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstractω3‐polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ω3‐PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are thought to exert health promoting effects in metabolic and in inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanisms of these beneficial effects are only partially understood. DHA and EPA activate Free Fatty Acid receptor 4 (GPR120/FFA4). Recently, the first orally available, synthetic ligand of FFA4, 3‐[2‐chloro‐5‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]‐3‐azaspiro[5.5]undecane‐9‐acetic acid (“compound A”; cpd A) has been developed. Cpd A exhibits distinctly higher potency, efficiency, and selectivity at FFA4 than ω3‐PUFAs and ameliorates insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in the mouse. With GPR120/FFA4 activation believed to also attenuate tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases, cpd A may also have a beneficial effect in these diseases. We have therefore addressed the therapeutic potential of cpd A in mouse models of three prototypical autoimmune diseases, specifically psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and bullous pemphigoid. The effect of cpd A on the course of Aldara™‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis, K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, and antibody transfer pemphigoid disease‐like dermatitis was scrutinized. Cpd A did not alter the course of Aldara‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis, K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, or antibody transfer pemphigoid disease‐like dermatitis. Our results suggest that therapeutic regimens solely relying on FFA4 activation do not bear the potential to treat inflammatory diseases. With cpd A distinctly more potent in activating GPR120/FFA4 than ω3‐PUFAs, this also suggests that GPR120/FFA4 activation by ω3‐PUFAs does not significantly contribute to the health‐promoting effects of ω3‐PUFAs in autoimmune diseases.
Terrain‐aided navigation for long‐endurance and deep‐rated autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Salavasidis Georgios , Munafò Andrea , Harris Catherine A. , Prampart Thomas , Templeton Robert , Smart Micheal , Roper Daniel T. , Pebody Miles , McPhail Stephen D. , Rogers Eric , Phillips Alexander B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTerrain‐aided navigation (TAN) is a localisation method which uses bathymetric measurements for bounding the growth in inertial navigation error. The minimisation of navigation errors is of particular importance for long‐endurance autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This type of AUV requires simple and effective on‐board navigation solutions to undertake long‐range missions, operating for months rather than hours or days, without reliance on external support systems. Consequently, a suitable navigation solution has to fulfil two main requirements: (a) bounding the navigation error, and (b) conforming to energy constraints and conserving on‐board power. This study proposes a low‐complexity particle filter‐based TAN algorithm for Autosub Long Range, a long‐endurance deep‐rated AUV. This is a light and tractable filter that can be implemented on‐board in real time. The potential of the algorithm is investigated by evaluating its performance using field data from three deep (up to 3,700 m) and long‐range (up to 195 km in 77 hr) missions performed in the Southern Ocean during April 2017. The results obtained using TAN are compared to on‐board estimates, computed via dead reckoning, and ultrashort baseline (USBL) measurements, treated as baseline locations, sporadically recorded by a support ship. Results obtained through postprocessing demonstrate that TAN has the potential to prolong underwater missions to a range of hundreds of kilometres without the need for intermittent surfacing to obtain global positioning system fixes. During each of the missions, the system performed 20 Monte Carlo runs. Throughout each run, the algorithm maintained convergence and bounded error, with high estimation repeatability achieved between all runs, despite the limited suite of localisation sensors.
Effect of low‐energy ion impact on the structure of hexagonal boron nitride films studied in surface‐wave plasma
Authors: Torigoe M. , Kamimura Y. , Teii K. , Matsumoto S. 
Published: November 2018

A high‐density surface‐wave plasma source is used to deposit hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films in a gas mixture of He, H2, N2, Ar, and BF3 under a high ion flux condition using low‐energy ion irradiation. The ion energy is controlled between around zero and 100 eV by applying a negative or positive bias voltage to a substrate, while the ion flux is increased by locating a substrate upstream in the diffusive plasma. For ion energies above ∼37 eV, the structure of the films depends upon ion energy more than substrate temperature, typical of subplantation processes. As a result, the structural order and crystallinity of sp2‐bonded phase in the films characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction are increased with decreasing ion energy, while the mass density of the films characterized by X‐ray reflectivity is retained relatively high with a slight dependence upon ion energy.
Pd‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐phenylindolin‐3‐ones from 2‐Alkynyl Arylazides and Indoles
Authors: Yong Wanxiong , Li Ping , Sheng Rong , Rao Weidong , Zhang Xiaoxiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed one‐pot two‐step reaction of 2‐alkynyl arylazides and indoles has been developed. The reaction proceeded well under mild reaction conditions and provided the 2‐(1H‐indole‐3‐yl)‐2‐phenylindolin‐3‐ones in good to excellent yields.This transformation involves a rearrangement of 1H‐indole‐3‐sulfonates generated in situ and Mannich‐type addition of indoline‐3‐ones.
Association of psychosocial factors with leukocyte telomere length among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Jordan Christina D. , Glover LáShauntá M. , Gao Yan , Musani Solomon K. , Mwasongwe Stanford , Wilson James G. , Reiner Alex , Diez‐Roux Ana , Sims Mario 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of cellular aging. African Americans report more stress than other groups; however, the association of psychosocial stressors with biological aging among African Americans remains unclear. The current study evaluated the association of psychosocial factors (negative affect and stressors) with LTL in a large sample of African American men and women (n = 2,516) from the Jackson Heart Study. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined the sex‐specific associations of psychosocial factors (cynical distrust, anger in and out, depressive symptoms, negative affect summary scores, global stress, weekly stress, major life events, and stress summary scores) with LTL. Model 1 adjusted for demographics and education. Model 2 adjusted for model 1, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Among women, high (vs. low) cynical distrust was associated with shorter mean LTL in model 1 (b = −0.12; p = 0.039). Additionally, high (vs. low) anger out and expressed negative affect summary scores were associated with shorter LTL among women after full adjustment (b = −0.13; p = 0.011; b = −0.12, p = 0.031, respectively). High levels of cynical distrust, anger out, and negative affect summary scores may be risk factors for shorter LTL, particularly among African‐American women.
BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SO(N) super Yang-Mills theory: plethysms, dominoes and words
Authors: Lewis-Brown Christopher , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPermutations and associated algebras allow the construction of half and quarter BPS operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang Mills theory with U(N), SO(N) and Sp(N) gauge groups. The construction leads to bases for the operators, labelled by Young diagrams and associated group theory data, which have been shown to be orthogonal under the inner product defined by the free field two-point functions. In this paper, we study in detail the orientifold projection map between the Young diagram basis for U(N) theories and the Young diagram basis for SO(N) (and Sp(N)) half-BPS operators. We find a simple connection between this map and the plethystic refinement of the Littlewood Richardson coefficients which couple triples of Young diagrams where two of them are identical. This plethystic refinement is known to be computable using an algorithm based on domino tilings of Young diagrams. We discuss the domino combinatorics of the orientifold projection map in terms of giant graviton branes. The permutation construction of SO(N) operators is used to find large N generating functions for both the half and quarter BPS sectors. The structure of these generating functions is elucidated using the combinatorics of words, organised according to the number of periods. Aperiodic words in the U(N) theory are Lyndon words and an SO(N) analogue of Lyndon words is defined using a minimally periodic condition. We calculate the normalization factor for the orthogonal basis of Young diagram operators in the baryonic sector of SO(N).
Gravity Anomalies and Crustal Thickness Variations over the Western Ghats
Authors: Dubey C. P. , Tiwari V. M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The Western Ghats (WG), a topographic scarp facing towards the west coast of India and extending over diverse geological terranes – Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), Dharwar Craton (DC) and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), is an enigmatic geomorphic feature. WG is characterized by low gravity anomalies. In order to decipher the sources of gravity anomalies, we have decomposed the gravity anomalies using wavelength filter and have obtained estimates of the depth to crust-mantle boundary (CMB) under WG and surrounding regions from the inversion of gravity data, which is compared with seismically determined CMB estimates. Overall, the CMB depth varies from 33 to 50 km, which is consistent with seismically determined values, except in the region of shear zones between DC and SGT probably indicating a different density contrast at CMB. The major source of gravity low is found to be the deepening of CMB under the WG compared to adjacent regions regardless of surface lithology. The CMB depths under WG and surrounding region generally approximate the CMB depths estimated for low strength flexural isostatic models, which suggests that flexural compensation of uplifted topography, later modified by tectonic and denudation processes, is a likely development model for the Western Ghats.
Crustal Thickness and Composition Variation along the Western Ghats of India through Teleseismic Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Kanna Nagaraju , Kumar Sudesh , Sivaram K. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The crustal thickness and composition variation along the Western Ghats using analysis of the teleseismic receiver functions calculated on the 36 broadband seismic stations in and around the Western Ghats is presented. The results show that the crustal thickness is mostly 36 – 40 km beneath the Western Ghats. The seismic stations falling in the Western Ghats however, imaging the mid-Archean Nucleus of the Western Dharwar Craton and Nilgiri hills (ca. 2.2 km elevation) show a crustal thickness of 45 – 50 km beneath these regions. In general, the calculated Vp/Vs ratio is varying between 1.66 and 1.82 all along the Western Ghats. Most of the seismic stations show higher Vp/Vs ratio (&gt; 1.8), an indicative of mafic composition, may be due to magmatic underplating below the Western Ghats. The lower value of Vp/Vs ratio (&lt; 1.70) at few stations can be due to local heterogeneity beneath those stations. Based on calculated crustal properties, the portion of the Western Ghats falling in the Deccan Volcanic region is different from the remaining; and we believe that the portion of the Western Ghats falling in the Deccan Volcanic Province was probably modified by the crust-mantle interaction during tectono-magmatic event related with the Deccan volcanism.
Some Insights into the Lithospheric Electrical Structure in the Western Ghat Region from Magnetotelluric Studies
Authors: Patro Prasanta K. , Raju Khasi , Sarma S. V. S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Magnetotelluric (MT) studies along a few traverses, some cutting across the Western Ghats, during the last few years have provided basic insights into the shallow as well as the deeper electrical structure in the regions near and east of the Western Ghat belt. The MT models broadly show a two layered lithospheric electrical structure with an upper high resistive layer (several thousands of Ωm) and a lower moderately conductive layer (a few tens to a few hundred Ωm). The depth of the interface between the two layers is found to vary from about 120-160 km in the south in the SGT to around 80 km in the north in the northern DVP. Another impressive feature that could be noticed in these electrical models is the presence of well-defined major near vertical crustal conductive feature associated with the region of Western Ghat belt, presumably associated with the tectonic evolution of the Western Ghats. Further, these models also brought out several other well-defined conductors that might be linked to structural features like faults, shear zones, etc., in the region. These conductors pierce through the crustal column and some of these, particularly those oriented in NW-SE direction, i.e., oriented transversely with respect to the ambient compressive stress direction of the Indian shield, assume significance in understanding the seismicity of the region.
A Hybrid Multistage Model of Evolution of the Western Ghats at the Passive Western Continental Margin of India
Authors: Sinha-Roy S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The Western Ghats (WG) is one of the Great Escarpments of the world that developed and persisted for the last ~60 Ma at the passive Western Continental Margin of India (WCMI). Like many such escarpments, the origin and persistence of the WG cannot be explained by a single mechanism, either lithosphere-asthenosphere or surficial processes, and hence, these are debated. Here I suggest a unified multistage model for the evolution of WG based on the available geophysical and geological data, and link its origin and persistence through possible underplating and detachment-controlled mid-crustal ductile flow with the characteristics of the Deccan plateau and the offshore region. The implications of the model for lithosphere-asthenosphere dynamics of the Deccan plateau and Stable Continental Region (SCR) seismicity are discussed.