bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study on the Effects of Long-Term Use of Methylprednisolone Acetate on the Blood Work of 25 Cats
Authors: Sohn Joanne , Gruber Theresa , Brown Gaylord M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTwenty-five cats at a private animal sanctuary received multiple nonimmunosuppressive doses of parenteral methylprednisolone acetate for at least 3 yr. Complete blood count, chemistry, and T4 results from these cats were examined to look for statistically significant changes. Results found significant changes in triglycerides, amylase, and monocytes. However, these changes remained within the reference interval. All other values showed no significant changes. These results suggest that after 3 yr of chronic parenteral administration of nonimmunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate, the complete blood count, chemistry, and T4 values in 25 cats were not significantly affected and did not result in abnormal laboratory values.
Clinicopathological Correlation and Prevalence of Increased Copper in Canine Hepatic Cytology
Authors: Moore A. Russell , Medrano Eryn , Coffey Emily , Powers Barbara 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Special staining and grading of canine liver cytology samples aids in detection of increased copper content. The prevalence of copper in routine diagnostic liver cytology samples, clinical findings associated with high cytologic copper (cCu) grade, and the correlation between cCu grade and histologic findings, including histologic copper (hCu) grade, are unknown. This data may be helpful in ascertaining when to determine a cCu grade and when interpreting cCu grade.
Clinical data and available archived hepatic histologic and cytologic samples from 198 dogs were collected, evaluated, rhodanine stained, and graded for copper. Prevalence of increased cCu &gt;5 in a randomly collected group of 163 individuals, and the correlation between cCu and clinical data (n = 198), hCu grade (n = 37), or findings on hematoxylin and eosin–stained hepatic sections (n = 32) were evaluated. The observed prevalence was 1.23%. Dogs with elevated alanine transaminase &gt;180 IU/L or aspartate transaminase &gt;90 IU/L and patients who subsequently had hepatic copper quantification were statistically more likely to have pathologic levels of copper detected by cytology. There was significant and modest correlation between cCu and hCu, interface hepatitis, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Evidence of hepatocellular leakage may be indications for determination of cCu.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Authors: Camargo J. R. , Ebinuma C. D. , Cardoso S. 
Published: November 2018

Air conditioning systems are responsible for increasing men's work efficiency as well for his comfort, mainly in the warm periods of the year. Currently, the most used system is the mechanical vapor compression system. However, in many cases, evaporative cooling system can be an economical alternative to replace the conventional system, under several conditions, or as a pre-cooler in the conventional systems. It leads to a reduction in the operational cost, comparing with systems using only mechanical refrigeration. Evaporative cooling operates using induced processes of heat and mass transfer, where water and air are the working fluids. It consists in water evaporation, induced by the passage of an air flow, thus decreasing the air temperature. This paper presents the basic principles of the evaporative cooling process for human thermal comfort, the principles of operation for the direct evaporative cooling system and the mathematical development of the equations of thermal exchanges, allowing the determination of the effectiveness of saturation. It also presents some results of experimental tests in a direct evaporative cooler that take place in the Air Conditioning Laboratory at the University of Taubaté Mechanical Engineering Department, and the experimental results are used to determinate the convective heat transfer coefficient and to compare with the mathematical model.
An Empirical Assessment of Alternative Discretionary Accrual Models: Evidence from Earnings Restatements
Authors: Wan Huishan 
Published: November 2018

Using a sample of firms that restated earnings, this study seeks to evaluate the performance of alternative discretionary accrual models along two dimensions: earnings management detection and accuracy (the ability to accurately estimate the magnitude of managed earnings). The findings of this study are important for three reasons. First, discretionary accrual models play a prominent role in several streams of accounting research, especially in earnings management research. Thus, the ability of discretionary accrual models to isolate the discretionary component from the non-discretionary component of total accruals is critical. Second, there is concern about earnings management inferences drawn from discretionary accrual estimates generated by existing discretionary accrual models. One major concern is that extant discretionary accrual models are mis-specified, which results in misleading inferences about earnings management behavior. Finally, there is lack of consensus in the literature on the relative performance of discretionary accrual models. Using earnings restatements data, I investigate the relative performance of four extant discretionary accrual models and a Modified Forward-Looking Model. The findings indicate that the Modified Forward-Looking Model is better specified and outperforms the other models both in terms of detecting earnings management and in estimating the magnitude of managed earnings.
Factors influencing women’s decisions to getting tested for BRCA mutation
Authors: Kridli Suha Al-Oballi , Austin Holly 
Published: November 2018

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers. There are many risk factors that can increase a woman’s susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers, some of which are modifiable. However, non-modifiable risks for breast and ovarian cancer include the presence of genetic mutations (BRCA) increase the risk of these diseases. The purpose of this review was to identify factors, reported in the literature, known to affect women’s decision to get genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. A total of 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Several internal and external factors, influencing women’s decision to getting tested for BRCA mutations, were identified and explained. Implications for clinical practice were provided.
Differentiation of Various Snake Bile Derived from Different Genus by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Tian-Jiao , Cheng Xianlong , Wan Linchun , Shi Yan , Wei Feng , Ma Shuang-Cheng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Snake bile originates from nearly 20 species from three families (Elapidae, Colubridae, and Viperidae). However, the components of various snake bile were not compared with one another. Objecive: The aim of the study was to develop a TLC-MS method for differentiation of various snake bile derived from a different genus. Method: As a type of traditional identification method for Chinese herbs, TLC has considerable advantages as a multicomponent separation system. Results: In this paper, TLC was used to separate the components in snake bile. It was found that the snake bile from Colubridae family and Cobra species is different from the others using TLC. The molecular formulas of the bands were elucidated with TLC coupled with quadrupole–time-of-flight–MS by the TLC-MS interface. Two bands on the plate were identified with the reference substance, and the other three bands were analyzed by the TLC-MS method without the reference substance. The corresponding molecular formulas of these bands were given according to accurate molecular weights. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that the proposed method is reliable, and it has been successfully applied to the identification of snake bile samples.
Educación Superior en Contextos de Cuasi Mercados
Authors: Wee Camilo , Monarca Héctor 
Published: November 2018

La Universidad debe ser comprendida en el marco de los procesos socio-históricos que le dieron origen y las condiciones actuales que la exponen a demandas, presiones y tensiones diversas. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo pretende poner en debate la relación entre la Educación superior y el mercado, haciendo hincapié en la influencia que esta relación tiene en la configuración y resignificación de las funciones que la Universidad asume: docencia, investigación y extensión. De esta manera, se pretende analizar los efectos que las diversas posturas tienen en relación con estas funciones; las cuales se mueven entre tendencias democratizadoras de los espacios públicos y el acceso al conocimiento y otras que promueven la mercantilización de la educación superior. A partir de este análisis se hace alusión a diferentes modelos, los cuales reflejan diversas formas de apropiación y concreción de las funciones de la Universidad en un contexto de cuasi mercado, que ejerce presiones específicas en la configuración de las mismas. En definitiva, se concluye que la Universidad ha tomado un Modelo esencialmente funcional, que la vincula de manera preferente al mundo laboral y el mercado de una forma lineal, mercantilista y acrítica; alejándola cada vez más de sus funciones clásicas que la relacionan a la transmisión crítica del conocimiento científico y la formación cultural y humana superior.
A complete workflow for utilizing Monte Carlo toolkits in clinical cases for a double‐scattering proton therapy system
Authors: Muller Leland , Prusator Michael , Ahmad Salahuddin , Chen Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe methods described in this paper allow end users to utilize Monte Carlo (MC) toolkits for patient‐specific dose simulation and perform analysis and plan comparisons for double‐scattering proton therapy systems. The authors aim to fill two aspects of this process previously not explicitly published. The first one addresses the modeling of field‐specific components in simulation space. Patient‐specific compensator and aperture models are exported from treatment planning system and converted to STL format using a combination of software tools including Matlab and Autodesk's Netfabb. They are then loaded into the MC geometry for simulation purpose. The second details a method for easily visualizing and comparing simulated doses with the dose calculated from the treatment planning system. This system is established by utilizing the open source software 3D Slicer. The methodology was demonstrated with a two‐field proton treatment plan on the IROC lung phantom. Profiles and two‐dimensional (2D) dose planes through the target isocenter were analyzed using our in‐house software tools. This present workflow and set of codes can be easily adapted by other groups for their clinical practice.
Van der Waals Heterostructure Devices with Dynamically Controlled Conduction Polarity and Multifunctionality
Authors: Yin Lei , Wang Feng , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Zhenxing , Chu Junwei , Wen Yao , He Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractControlling the conduction behavior of 2D materials is an important prerequisite to achieve their electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, most of the reported approaches are aware of the shortcomings of inflexibility and complexity, which limits the possibility of multifunctional integration. Here, taking advantage of van der Waals heterostructure engineering, a simple method to achieve a dynamically controlled binary channel in a semivertical MoTe2/MoS2 field effect transistor is proposed. It is enabled by the high switchability between tunneling and thermal transports through simply changing the sign of voltage bias. In addition, the proposed system allows for multifunctional integration of transistor with on/off ratio >107 and diode with rectification ratio >106. Moreover, the devices show screen capability to negative photoresponse effect that is widely observed in ambipolar materials, hence improving the photodetection reliability and sensitivity. This study broadens the functionalities of van der Waals heterostructures and opens up more possibilities to realize multifunctional devices.
Impact of Morphology on Printed Contact Performance in Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Cardenas Jorge A. , Upshaw Sophia , Williams Nicholas X. , Catenacci Matthew J. , Wiley Benjamin J. , Franklin Aaron D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (NPs) are the most widely used conductive material throughout the printed electronics space due to their high conductivity and low cost. However, when interfacing with other prominent printed materials, such as semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in thin‐film transistors (TFTs), silver is suboptimal when compared to more expensive or less conductive materials. Consequently, there would be significant value to improving the interface of printed silver to CNT films. In this work, the impact of nanostructure morphology on the electrical properties of printed silver and nanotube junctions in CNT‐TFTs is investigated. Three distinct silver morphologies (NPs, nanoflakes – NFs, and nanowires – NWs) are explored with top‐ and bottom‐contact configurations for each. The NF morphology in a top‐contact configuration is found to yield the best electrical interface to CNTs, resulting in an average contact resistance of 1.2 MΩ ⋅ µm. Beyond electrical performance, several trade‐offs in morphology selection are revealed, including print resolution and process temperature. While NF inks produce the best interfaces, NP inks produce the smallest features, and NW inks are compatible with low processing temperatures (<80 °C). These results outline the trade‐offs between silver contact morphologies in CNT‐TFTs and show that contact morphology selection can be tailored for specific applications.
2D and 3D Metal–Organic Framework at the Oil/Water Interface: A Case Study of Copper Benzenedicarboxylate
Authors: Song Ping , Natale Giovanniantonio , Wang Jingyi , Bond Toby , Hejazi Hossein , Siegler Hector de la Hoz , Gates Ian , Lu Qingye 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetal–organic framework nanosheets (MOF NSs) have drawn a lot of attention lately; however, the interfacial behavior of these 2D MOFs has rarely been investigated. Here, the partition and distribution of 2D NS and 3D nanoparticle (NP) of copper benzenedicarboxylate (CuBDC) at the oil/water interface are imaged by cryo‐scanning electron microscopy. A layer of ≈20 nm NS‐CuBDC is detected with a lateral orientation along the interface, which is attributed to the existence of relatively hydrophobic planes and hydrophilic edges in NS‐CuBDC. The highly hydrophilic CuBDC localizes along the interface within the water phase. The self‐assembly of NS‐CuBDC is found to be a facile method to construct small cubical NPs. The exchange of water into CuBDC leads to super hydrophilic wettability. Ascribed to their amphiphilic properties, NP‐CuBDC acts as sole stabilizer to form stable oil‐in‐water emulsions. Synchrotron‐based computed tomography is used to characterize the 3D distribution of CuBDC in emulsions at room temperature. This work provides great insights in the fundamental study of MOFs at the oil/water interface and may lead to further development of ultrathin 2D MOF membranes.
Solid‐State Lithium/Selenium–Sulfur Chemistry Enabled via a Robust Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Xu Gui‐Liang , Sun Hui , Luo Chao , Estevez Luis , Zhuang Minghao , Gao Han , Amine Rachid , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiaoyi , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Liu Yuzi , Ren Yang , Heald Steve M. , Wang Chunsheng , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLithium/selenium‐sulfur batteries have recently received considerable attention due to their relatively high specific capacities and high electronic conductivity. Different from the traditional encapsulation strategy for suppressing the shuttle effect, an alternative approach to directly bypass polysulfide/polyselenide formation via rational solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) design is demonstrated. It is found that the robust SEI layer that in situ forms during charge/discharge via interplay between rational cathode design and optimal electrolytes could enable solid‐state (de)lithiation chemistry for selenium‐sulfur cathodes. Hence, Se‐doped S22.2Se/Ketjenblack cathodes can attain a high reversible capacity with minimal shuttle effects during long‐term and high rate cycling. Moreover, the underlying solid‐state (de)lithiation mechanism, as evidenced by in situ 7Li NMR and in operando synchrotron X‐ray probes, further extends the optimal sulfur confinement pore size to large mesopores and even macropores that have been long considered as inferior sulfur or selenium host materials, which play a crucial role in developing high volumetric energy density batteries. It is expected that the findings in this study will ignite more efforts to tailor the compositional/structure characteristics of the SEI layers and the related ionic transport across the interface by electrode structure, electrolyte solvent, and electrolyte additive screening.
Systemic inflammation and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in older persons: Findings from a British birth cohort
Authors: Tsui Alex , Richards Marcus , Davis Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSerum pro‐inflammatory markers may contribute to dementia pathophysiology and cognitive impairment. In a population‐representative birth cohort, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and white cell count (WCC) were measured at age 60‐64 years and cognition was assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE‐III) at age 69 years. Higher baseline CRP and IL‐6 were associated with lower ACE‐III scores, but associations were attenuated on adjustment for educational attainment, sex, and other modifiable life course factors. No associations were found for CRP, IL‐6, and WCC with visual search speed or verbal memory. In conclusion, the relationship between increased baseline systemic inflammation and poorer cognition in later life may be explained by, or share pathways with, education and other modifiable life course factors.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photochemical Activation of sp3 C−H Bond for Hemiaminal Formation
Authors: Li Lina , Zhang Guigang , Savateev Aleksandr , Kurpil Bogdan , Antonietti Markus , Zhao Yubao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotochemical synthesis of organic chemicals has attracted a massive revitalized research interest. Herein, a metal‐free photochemical system with carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) is developed for the synthesis of hemiaminal compounds. In this reaction system, the sp3 C−H bond of the N‐alkyl group in the amide is photochemically activated, producing an ionic iminium species. The hemiaminal compounds are produced by nucleophilic attack of the iminium ion by alcohol in the presence of base. This photochemical conversion system shows high yield and broad substrate scope.
Age‐related changes in urinary protein excretion in relation to indices of renal function in Wistar rats
Authors: Olukiran Olaoluwa Sesan , Akomolafe Rufus Ojo , Ilesanmi Olutosin Samuel , Imafidon Christian Eseigbe , Alabi Quadri Kunle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe study determined the fractions of proteins in the urine and plasma of rats at different ages, measured the plasma and urine concentrations of markers of renal function, with a view to determining the influence of proteinuria on renal function.MethodsEighty Wistar rats were used for this study. Groups 1 and 2 each consisted of eight 1‐month‐old male and female rats; 3 and 4 had eight 3‐month‐old male and female rats; 5 and 6 had eight 6‐month‐old male and female rats; 7 and 8 had eight 9‐month old male and female rats; and 9 and 10 had eight 12‐month‐old male and female rats.ResultsA fraction of the molecular weight of protein in the urine of rats aged 1, 9 and 12 months was higher than that of 3 and 6 months. The total protein concentration in the urine of male and female rats aged 9 and 12 months was significantly higher than that of rats aged 1 and 3 months. The urine creatinine concentrations of male and female rats aged 9 months were significantly higher when compared with that of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.ConclusionOur results suggest that the 3‐month‐old rats seem less affected by proteinuria, because they had the least urine protein, and consistent and reduced plasma and urine concentrations of markers of renal function. The results of this study may provide a foundation for future mechanistic inquiries as to why this age group was the least affected by proteinuria.
Biomimetic Bottlebrush Polymer Coatings for Fabrication of Ultralow Fouling Surfaces
Authors: Xia Yinqiang , Adibnia Vahid , Huang Renliang , Murschel Frederic , Faivre Jimmy , Xie Guojun , Olszewski Mateusz , De Crescenzo Gregory , Qi Wei , He Zhimin , Su Rongxin , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Banquy Xavier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDemand for long‐lasting antifouling surfaces has steered the development of accessible, novel, biocompatible and environmentally friendly materials. Inspired by lubricin (LUB), a component of mammalian synovial fluid with excellent antifouling properties, three block polymers offering stability, efficacy, and ease of use were designed. The bottlebrush‐structured polymers adsorbed strongly on silica surfaces in less than 10 minutes by a simple drop casting or online exposure method and were extremely stable in high‐salinity solutions and across a wide pH range. Antifouling properties against proteins and bacteria were evaluated with different techniques and ultralow fouling properties demonstrated. With serum albumin and lysozyme adsorption <0.2 ng cm−2, the polymers were 50 and 25 times more effective than LUB and known ultralow fouling coatings. The antifouling properties were also tested under MPa compression pressures by direct force measurements using surface forces apparatus. The findings suggest that these polymers are among the most robust and efficient antifouling agents currently known.
Bioinspirierte radikalische Stetter‐Reaktion: radikalische Umpolung, ermöglicht durch Ionenpaar‐Photokatalyse
Authors: Morack Tobias , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEine bioinspirierte, intermolekulare radikalische Stetter‐Reaktion von α‐Keto‐Säuren und Aldehyden wird beschrieben, die auf dem Konzept einer formalen “radikalischen Umpolung” basiert. Räumliche Nähe von α‐Ketocarbonsäuren, als latente Acyl‐Radikale, zum in situ generierten Iminium‐Ion wird durch elektrostatische Erkennung gewährleistet. Die gebildeten photoaktiven Kontaktionenpaare erweisen sich als Elektronen‐Donor‐Akzeptor‐Komplexe, die leicht einen Ein‐Elektronen‐Transfer eingehen, gefolgt von einer raschen Decarboxylierung und abschließenden Radikal‐Radikal‐Rekombination. Mithilfe dieser Strategie wird konkurrierende Decarbonylierung der Acyl‐Radikale unterdrückt. Die Strategievalidierung durch DFT‐Rechnungen zeigt eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit den erhaltenen experimentellen Daten. Die Vereinigung von organo‐ und photokatalytischer Aktivierung erweitert somit den mechanistischen und präparativen Rahmen der klassischen Stetter‐Reaktion und ermöglicht schlussendlich die Verwendung von α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden als Akzeptoren.