bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing insect pests: is there new potential in molecular techniques?
Authors: El Sheikha A. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInsects are amongst the greatest pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry worldwide, inflicting damage and economic costs both directly and by transmitting plant viruses. Many kinds of insects are now resistant or cross‐resistant to pesticides. Tracking studies have become very important for combatting insect pests and for better understanding their biology (eg insect population dynamics, movements, feeding behaviour and other ecological interactions). A wide variety of tracing approaches have been used including discriminative, tracer and molecular methods. The perfect technique for insect tracking is the technique that harmonizes with insects’ ‘normal’ biology. Furthermore, the technique should be environmentally safe, cost‐effective and easy to use. This paper reviews the current techniques used for insect traceability, documents the advantages and drawbacks of each method, and puts special focus on molecular techniques, including PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a new and promising traceability tool that could provide insects with a unique biological barcode and thus make it possible to trace their movements.
IM Special Section Introduction: Rethinking International Migration in China and India
Authors: Li Wei , Bedford Richard , Khadria Binod 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChina and India have the world’s two largest populations and have long been major sources of migrants to other countries. In recent years, movements of Chinese and Indians for study and work overseas have been affected by developments in policies at their chosen destinations as well as at home. The flows of Chinese and Indian students and skilled migrants in the second decade of the 21st century are occurring within quite different political and economic contexts from those that prevailed even as recently as a decade ago. In the first part of this brief editorial introduction, we introduce some features of contemporary Chinese and Indian migration. The four substantive papers in the special section are then introduced, the first two with reference to the changing Asian migration patterns, and the remaining two addressing the changing dynamics of migration.
Nursing leadership and health policy: everybody's business
Authors: Salvage Jane , White Jill 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe all know great leadership when we see it. Outstanding nurse leaders, guided by a moral compass, simultaneously see the big picture and the consequences at micro level. While policy and politics determine health and nursing practice, most nurses just want to get on with their day job. They carry out decisions made by others but have little say in them, and weak influence or status, although they are increasingly knowledgeable and skilled. In settings where policy decisions are made ‐ parliaments, governments, and boardrooms ‐ nurse leaders are often neither heard nor heeded. This is starting to change. The global Nursing Now campaign is working with the International Council of Nurses, and the World Health Organization, to create and strengthen strategic nursing leadership, as modelled by the International Council of Nurses’ Global Nursing Leadership Institute. A new window of opportunity is opening, with the bicentennial of Florence Nightingale's birth in 2020. Now is the moment!
Pressureless all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion battery consisting of sodium iron pyrophosphate glass‐ceramic cathode and β″‐alumina solid electrolyte composite
Authors: Yamauchi Hideo , Ikejiri Junichi , Sato Fumio , Oshita Hiroyuki , Honma Tsuyoshi , Komatsu Takayuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the expansion of demand for lithium ion batteries has resulted in soaring prices of the constituent resources. From the viewpoint of safety, studies on all‐solid‐state batteries are actively being carried out. In this study, we succeeded in driving all‐solid‐state batteries derived from nontoxic oxide glasses at room temperature without requiring scarce resources such as lithium and cobalt. The main structure of the ceramic batteries with a simple structure in which Na2FeP2O7 crystallized glass and β″‐alumina solid solution are joined by pressureless cofiring at 550°C. During the crystallization of Na2O‐Fe2O3‐P2O5 glass, fusion with the β″‐alumina solid solution is achieved. Reversible charge and discharge of 80 mAh/g were achieved at room temperature. It is not necessary to apply pressure during cell preparation or the use of the batteries. Furthermore, the strong junction at the cathode and electrolyte interface does not peel off during charge and discharge over a long period of 623 cycles. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed partial Fe4+ induction and a reversible charge and discharge reaction even after overcharging to 9 V. It was demonstrated that Na2FeP2O7 is very stable against overcharging to 9 V.
First observation of reversible mechanochromism and chromaticity study on calcium–copper–titanate
Authors: Raval Pooja Y. , Pansara Pooja R. , Vasoya Nimish H. , Punia Khushboo , Dolia Satya N. , Modi Kunal B. , Kumar Sudhish 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFirst ever intriguing reversible mechanochromism espied in and chromaticity study on polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 composition milled up to 16 hours are reported. The composition changes its color from blackish‐brown (un‐milled sample)‐reddish‐brown (1 hours milled sample)‐ heina‐green (6 hours milled sample)‐spinach‐green (16 hours milled sample) mainly due to the phase separation and corresponding change in band‐gap energy on milling. The UV‐Vis spectra show three observable absorption edges correspond to , , and , dyz transitions. A marked mechanochromic effect with crystallite size reduction is explained in the light of the difference in the site group symmetry of CuO4 and ligand‐metal charge transfer coupled with Cu2+ d‐d transitions. The observed mechanochromism is reflected and well supported by photoluminescence spectral analysis. CIE chromaticity coordinates are located in the light blue region for an un‐milled sample and violet color region for 6 hours milled sample. The profound correlation between the structural and optical properties has been revealed.
Lack of light colour effects when sampling fish at night in low visibility environments
Authors: Whitmarsh Sasha K. , Fairweather Peter G. , Huveneers Charlie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe compared night deployments of Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (BRUVS) in South Australia, illuminated by either red or blue light and found similar species compositions and abundances with both colours. We observed c. 1800 individuals from 52 species across 107 night‐time deployments, with only one site out of six showing differences in assemblages between the two colours. With five out of six sites showing similarities between light colours our results differ from previous results and more generally suggest that the most suitable colour can differ among studies.
Type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs) contribute to the plant defense response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Yaqiong , Yan Jia , Qin Qianqian , Zhang Jing , Chen Yan , Zhao Lulu , He Kai , Hou Suiwen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant immunity must be tightly controlled to avoid activation of defense mechanisms in the absence of pathogen attack. Protein phosphorylation is a common mechanism regulating immune signaling. In Arabidopsis thaliana, nine members of the type one protein phosphatase (TOPP) family (also known as protein phosphatase 1, PP1) have been identified. Here, we characterized the autoimmune phenotype of topp4‐1, a previously identified dominant‐negative mutant of TOPP4. Epistasis analysis showed that defense activation in topp4‐1 depended on NON‐RACE‐SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE1, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, and the salicylic acid pathway. We generated topp1/4/5/6/7/8/9 septuple mutants to investigate the function of TOPPs in plant immunity. Elevated defense gene expression and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in the septuple mutant indicate that TOPPs function in plant defense responses. Furthermore, TOPPs physically interacted with mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and affected the MAPK‐mediated downstream defense pathway. Thus, our study reveals that TOPPs are important regulators of plant immunity.
Role of GluN2A NMDA receptor in homocysteine‐induced prostaglandin E2 release from neurons
Authors: Rajagopal Sathyanarayanan , Fitzgerald Ashley Anne , Deep Satya Narayan , Paul Surojit , Poddar Ranjana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia or systemic elevation of homocysteine is a metabolic condition that has been linked to multiple neurological disorders where inflammation plays an important role in the progression of the disease. However, it is unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to disease pathology by inducing an inflammatory response. The current study investigates whether exposure of primary cultures from rat and mice cortical neurons to high levels of homocysteine induces the expression and release of the proinflammatory prostanoid, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Using enzymatic assays and immunoblot analysis we show concurrent increase in the activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and level of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2), two enzymes involved in PGE2 biosynthesis. The findings also show an increase in PGE2 release from neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of GluN2A‐containing NMDAR (GluN2A‐NMDAR) with NVP‐AAM077 significantly reduces homocysteine‐induced cPLA2 activity, COX2 expression, and subsequent PGE2 release. Whereas, inhibition of GluN2B‐containing NMDAR (GluN2A‐NMDAR) with Ro 25‐6981 has no effect. Complementary studies in neuron cultures obtained from wild type and GluN2A knockout mice show that genetic deletion of GluN2A subunit of NMDAR attenuates homocysteine‐induced neuronal increase in cPLA2 activity, COX2 expression, and PGE2 release. Pharmacological studies further establish the role of both extracellular‐regulated kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase and p38 MAPK in homocysteine‐GluN2A NMDAR‐dependent activation of cPLA2‐COX2‐PGE2 pathway. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel role of GluN2A‐NMDAR in facilitating homocysteine‐induced proinflammatory response in neurons.
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Hepatitis B virus‐related cryogobulinemic vasculitis. The role of antiviral nucleot(s)ide analogues: a review
Authors: Mazzaro C. , Dal Maso L. , Visentini M. , Gitto S. , Andreone P. , Toffolutti F. , Gattei V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) can develop in 1.2–4% of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients. HBV infection affects about 350 million people worldwide. It can progress from acute or fulminant hepatitis to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty per cent of HBV patients may develop extra‐hepatic manifestations, such as polyarteritis nodosa, glomerulonephritis, dermatitis, polyarthralgias and arthritis, lung disease, aplastic anaemia. Our review focuses on the role of antiviral agent nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) in treatment of HBV‐related CV. The studies in literature have demonstrated that NAs therapy in HBV‐related CV yields high virological and satisfying clinical responses in most patients with mild‐and‐moderate CV, but a low response in severe CV. Overall, NAs represent a promising therapeutic option for HBV‐related CV. Obtaining early suppression of HBV viral load should be the main virological and clinical goal in order to prevent organ complications and lymphoproliferative disorders.
Interactive effects of past land use and recent forest management on the understorey community in temperate oak forests in South Sweden
Authors: Depauw Leen , Perring Michael P. , Brunet Jörg , Maes Sybryn L. , Blondeel Haben , De Lombaerde Emiel , De Groote Robbe , Verheyen Kris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsPast agricultural land use and forest management have shaped and influenced the understorey composition in European forests for centuries. We investigated whether understorey vegetation assemblages are affected by (a) legacies from a historical infield/outland agricultural system (i.e., a system with nutrient‐enriched vs nutrient‐depleted areas), (b) recent management intensity (i.e., thinning/felling activities), and (c) the interaction of recent management and potential legacies.LocationOak forests in Skåne, south Sweden.MethodsWe use three vegetation surveys (1983, 1993/94 and 2014) and notes on management and land‐use history, available for 62 permanent 500 m² plots. We conducted linear mixed effect modelling to detect both main and interactive effects of past land use and recent management on understorey diversity measures and vegetation indicator values for light and fertility. We combined nonmetric multidimensional scaling with permutational multivariate analysis of variance and indicator species analysis to detect compositional differences caused by past land use and/or recent management.ResultsUnderstorey diversity was mainly affected by management activities, but the former infield/outland agricultural system was an important determinant of understorey composition. Understorey composition of former infields reflected higher nutrient availability and lower light availability compared to former outland. Past land use and recent management had interactive effects on light‐related understorey variables: for the less intensively managed plots, the outland plots contained more light‐demanding species than the infield plots, while for the more intensively managed plots, the light‐demanding signature of the understorey was similar for infield and outland plots.ConclusionsDifferent intensities of past land use as well as recent forest management influenced the composition of the forest understorey, and interactions were present. Therefore, careful consideration of both the long‐term land‐use history and the more recent disturbances due to forest management are necessary when making future predictions of understorey composition and diversity.
Geometric morphometric analysis of the effect of temperature on wing size and shape in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Phanitchat T. , Apiwathnasorn C. , Sungvornyothin S. , Samung Y. , Dujardin S. , Dujardin J.‐P. , Sumruayphol S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWing geometry helps to identify mosquito species, even cryptic ones. On the other hand, temperature has a well‐known effect on insect metric properties. Can such effects blur the taxonomic signal embedded in the wing? Two strains of Aedes albopictus (laboratory and field strain) were examined under three different rearing temperatures (26, 30 and 33 °C) using landmark‐ and outline‐based morphometric approaches. The wings of each experimental line were compared with Aedes aegypti. Both approaches indicated similar associations between wing size and temperature. For the laboratory strain, the wing size significantly decreased as the temperature increased. For the field strain, the largest wings were observed at the intermediate temperature. The two morphometric approaches describing shape showed different sensibilities to temperature. For both strains and sexes, the landmark‐based approach disclosed significant wing shape changes with temperature changes. The outline‐based approach showed lesser effects, detecting significant changes only in laboratory females and in field males. Despite the size and shape changes induced by temperature, the two strains of Ae. albopictus were always distinguished from Ae. aegypti. The present study confirms the lability of size. However, it also suggests that, despite environmentally‐induced variation, the architecture of the wing still provides a strong taxonomic signal.
Peripheral T cells from multiple sclerosis patients trigger synaptotoxic alterations in central neurons
Authors: Gentile A. , De Vito F. , Fresegna D. , Rizzo F. R. , Bullitta S. , Guadalupi L. , Vanni V. , Buttari F. , Stampanoni Bassi M. , Leuti A. , Chiurchiù V. , Marfia G. A. , Mandolesi G. , Centonze D. , Musella A. 
Published: May 2019

AimsThe crucial step in the pathogenic events that lead to the development and the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the infiltration of autoreactive T cells in the brain. Data from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice indicate that, together with microglia, T cells are responsible for the enhancement of the glutamatergic transmission in central neurons, contributing to glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity, a pathological hallmark of both EAE and MS brains. Here, we addressed the synaptic role of T cells taken from MS patients.MethodsA chimeric model of human T cells and murine brain slices was established to record, by Patch Clamp technique, the glutamatergic transmission in the presence of T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects (HS), active (a) and nonactive (na) relapsing remitting MS patients. Intracellular staining and flow cytometry were used to assess tumour necrosis factor (TNF) expression in T cells.ResultsChimeric experiments indicated that, compared to HS and naMS, T cells from aMS induced an increase in glutamatergic kinetic properties of striatal neurons. Such alteration, reminiscent of the those induced by EAE T cells, was blocked by incubation of the slices with etanercept, a TNF receptor antagonist. Of note, T cells from aMS expressed more TNF than naMS patients and HS subjects.ConclusionThese data highlight the synaptotoxic potential retained by MS T cells, suggesting that during the inflammatory phase of the disease infiltrating T cells could influence the neuronal activity contributing to the TNF‐mediated mechanisms of glutamate excitotoxicity in central neurons.
PROtocol‐based MObilizaTION on intensive care units: stepped‐wedge, cluster‐randomized pilot study (Pro‐Motion)
Authors: Nydahl Peter , Günther Ulf , Diers Anja , Hesse Stephanie , Kerschensteiner Christian , Klarmann Silke , Borzikowsky Christoph , Köpke Sascha 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEarly mobilization of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) improves patient recovery, but implementation remains challenging. Protocols may enhance the rate of out‐of‐bed mobilizations.AIMTo evaluate the effect of implementing a protocol for early mobilization on the rate of out‐of‐bed mobilizations and other outcomes of ICU patients.STUDY DESIGNMulticentre, stepped‐wedge, cluster‐randomized pilot study.METHODSAfter a control period, five ICUs were allocated to the implementation of an inter‐professional protocol for early mobilization in a randomized, monthly order. Mobilization of ICU patients was evaluated by monthly 1‐day point prevalence surveys using the ICU Mobility Scale. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients mobilized out of bed, defined as level 3 on the ICU Mobility Scale (sitting on edge of bed) or higher. Secondary outcomes were mechanical ventilation, delirium and ICU‐ and hospital‐days, as well as unwanted safety events.RESULTSOut‐of‐bed mobilizations increased non‐significantly from 36·2% (n = 55) of 152 patients during the control period to 45·8% (n = 55) of 120 patients during the intervention period (difference 9·6%; 95% confidence interval −2·1 to 21·3%). Of 55 mobilized patients per group, more patients were mobilized once per day during the intervention period (intervention:n = 41 versus control:n = 23 patients). Multiple daily mobilizations decreased (control:n = 32 control versus intervention:n = 14 patients). Secondary outcomes, such as days with mechanical ventilation, delirium and in ICU and hospital, did not significantly differ. Adherence to the protocol was >90%; unwanted safety events were rare.CONCLUSIONSImplementing a protocol for early mobilization of ICU patients showed a trend towards more patients being mobilized. Without additional staff in participating ICUs, a significant increase in ICU mobilizations was not to be anticipated. More research should address whether more staff would increase the number of frequent mobilizations and if this is relevant to outcomes.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICEImplementing inter‐professional protocols for mobilization is feasible and safe and may contribute to an increase of ICU patients mobilized out of bed.
Dysfunction in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has consistent but small effects on the establishment of the fungal microbiota in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Xue Li , Almario Juliana , Fabiańska Izabela , Saridis Georgios , Bucher Marcel 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Most land plants establish mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Intracellular accommodation of AM fungal symbionts remodels important host traits like root morphology and nutrient acquisition. How mycorrhizal colonization impacts plant microbiota is unclear.

To understand the impact of AM symbiosis on fungal microbiota, ten Lotus japonicus mutants impaired at different stages of AM formation were grown in non‐sterile natural soil and their root‐associated fungal communities were studied.

Plant mutants lacking the capacity to form mature arbuscules (arb−) exhibited limited growth performance associated with altered phosphorus (P) acquisition and reduction–oxidation (redox) processes. Furthermore, arb− plants assembled moderately but consistently different root‐associated fungal microbiota, characterized by the depletion of Glomeromycota and the concomitant enrichment of Ascomycota, including Dactylonectria torresensis. Single and co‐inoculation experiments showed a strong reduction of root colonization by D. torresensis in the presence of AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, particularly in arbuscule‐forming plants.

Our results suggest that impairment of central symbiotic functions in AM host plants leads to specific changes in root microbiomes and in tripartite interactions between the host plant, AM and non‐AM fungi. This lays the foundation for mechanistic studies on microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions in AM symbiosis of the model L. japonicus.