bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and consumer's relationship intention
Authors: Uhlig Marcela Rocha Haase , Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Nossa Valcemiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of marketing has been increasing in the Brazilian scenario. However, for decision making to be effective in organizations, we need to know consumers' relationship intention in view of the social actions developed. The present study seeks to identify which dimensions of CSR influence consumers' purchase and repurchase intention. Our interest was to observe which dimension of CSR stimulates long‐term relationships between consumers and their suppliers, which is the main novelty of this study. We searched the dimensions of CSR in the literature and discuss the consumer relationship intention with the companies. Thereafter, from the constructs adapted for this research, we performed a study with 544 consumers in Brazil. We analyzed the data through structural equations modeling. The results show that of the four dimensions of CSR (philanthropic, legal, organizational, and ethical), only the philanthropic dimension indicated an influence on consumers' relationship intention with socially responsible companies, which suggests that the Brazilian consumer understands CSR to be synonymous with philanthropy. The main contribution of this study is to note that companies that operate in the CSR philanthropic dimension tend to more easily establish long‐term relationships with their consumers.
Guided joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation using a novel random walk grey wolf optimization for frequency hopping cognitive radio networks
Authors: Karthikeyan Anbalagan , Srividhya Venkatasubramanian , Kundu Souvik 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEffective use of unused licensed spectrum by secondary nodes without causing any harmful interference to the primary users is one of the challenging task, and in this paper, a detailed description of joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation in cognitive radio (CR) networks is discussed. The CR system utility is maximized by joint spectrum sensing and channel resource allocation scheme based on random walk grey wolf optimization (RW‐GWO) algorithm for frequency hopping cognitive radio‐based networks. In this paper, the nodes will sense the presence of primary users in the same channel and move to another channel in the guidance of a guide node (GN) if primary signal is detected in the channel. In order to achieve collision‐free communication, primary signals and secondary signals use the channels strategically and the mechanism is described in this paper. RW‐GWO is used to derive the optimum sensing and data transmission schedules. It selects the sensing nodes to sense the spectrum and other nodes take part in transmitting the data. GNs not only guide the nodes to hop to the next channel if the primary channel is detected, but also distribute the nodes in different available secondary hopping channels. Simulation results show that reliable spectrum sensing and efficient channel allocation can be achieved in our proposed algorithm.
Plant diversity increases N removal in constructed wetlands when multiple rather than single N processes are considered
Authors: Geng Yan , Ge Ying , Luo Bin , Chen Zhengxin , Min Yong , Schmid Bernhard , Gu Binhe , Chang Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiodiversity has a close relationship with ecosystem functioning. For most biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning studies, biodiversity has been linked to a single indicator variable of ecosystem functioning. However, there are generally multiple ecosystem processes contributing to ecosystem functioning and they differ in their dependence on biodiversity. Thus, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning can be stronger when multiple rather than single ecosystem processes are considered. Using both mass‐balance and stable‐isotope approaches, we explored the effects of plant diversity on nitrogen (N) removal sustained by multiple N‐cycling processes in experimental microcosms simulating constructed wetlands, an ecosystem treating wastewater with high N loading. Four species were used to assemble different plant communities, ranging in richness from one to four species. The removal of N, indicated by low levels of total inorganic N concentration (TIN) present in the effluent, was considered as an integrated measure of ecosystem functioning, combining three constituent N‐cycling processes: plant uptake, denitrification, and substrate adsorption. Our results showed that (1) species richness had a positive effect on N removal, in particular, the four‐species mixture reduced effluent TIN to a lower level than any monoculture; however, polycultures (two‐, three‐, and four‐species mixtures) did not outperform the most efficient monoculture when each of the three constituent N‐cycling processes was considered by itself; (2) species identity had significant impacts on single processes. Communities with the speciesCoix lacryma‐jobishowed the greatest capacity for N uptake and communities withPhragmites australishad the highest denitrification rates; (3) isotope fractionation in the rhizosphere ofCoix lacryma‐jobiwas primarily due to microbial denitrification while multistep isotope fractionation was detected forPhragmites australisandAcorus calamus(indicating recycling of N), suggesting that species differed in the way they transformed N; (4) the enhanced N removal at high diversity may be due to mutualistic interactions among species belonging to different functional types. Our findings demonstrated that although plant species richness had negligible effects on individual N‐cycling processes, it enhanced the overall ecosystem functioning (N removal) when these processes were considered collectively. Our study thus contributes to improve the treatment efficiency of constructed wetlands through proper vegetation management.
Rainfall and habitat interact to affect the condition of a wintering migratory songbird in The Bahamas
Authors: Akresh Michael E. , King David I. , Marra Peter P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn the subtropical and tropical wintering grounds of migratory birds, variation in moisture levels and habitat can influence the availability of food resources and subsequently impact overwintering birds. Using stable carbon isotopes in blood samples as a measure of moisture, we assessed the interactive effects of rainfall, vegetation, and moisture on the demographics and condition of Prairie Warblers (Setophaga discolor) wintering in The Bahamas. Carbon isotopes in Prairie Warbler blood were more depleted in taller, wetter habitats; we additionally detected novel temporal effects of rainfall on isotope values. During a winter with more rainfall, most birds maintained mass and pectoral muscle regardless of the habitat type occupied. In a winter with less rainfall, birds lost mass and pectoral muscle, and this effect was more pronounced in birds with enriched isotope values and birds that occupied drier, shorter habitat. Prairie Warblers exhibited strong patterns of sexual habitat segregation with males disproportionately observed in areas with taller vegetation and females in shorter vegetation. During the drier winter, older males had better maintenance of pectoral muscle compared to females and younger individuals. Also in the drier winter, daily rainfall patterns explained more of the variation in body condition compared to the date of capture; pectoral muscle was best explained by recent precipitation (during the previous 30 days), while size‐corrected mass was more a function of longer‐term (90‐day) rainfall and habitat moisture. Our findings along with other studies suggest that Prairie Warblers and other migratory birds are sensitive to interactions between annual variation in winter rainfall, within‐season daily rainfall patterns, and habitat quality. Increasing drought and habitat loss in the Caribbean may be having a negative impact on wintering bird populations. To best conserve Nearctic–Neotropical migratory passerines in the region, we recommend prioritizing the protection of the least drought‐prone wintering areas.
Drift versus selection as drivers of phenotypic divergence at small spatial scales: The case of Belgjarskógur threespine stickleback
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Räsänen Katja , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDivergence in phenotypic traits is facilitated by a combination of natural selection, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow, and genetic drift, whereby the role of drift is expected to be particularly important in small and isolated populations. Separating the components of phenotypic divergence is notoriously difficult, particularly for multivariate phenotypes. Here, we assessed phenotypic divergence of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across 19 semi‐interconnected ponds within a small geographic region (~7.5 km2) using comparisons of multivariate phenotypic divergence (PST), neutral genetic (FST), and environmental (EST) variation. We found phenotypic divergence across the ponds in a suite of functionally relevant phenotypic traits, including feeding, defense, and swimming traits, and body shape (geometric morphometric). Comparisons of PSTs with FSTs suggest that phenotypic divergence is predominantly driven by neutral processes or stabilizing selection, whereas phenotypic divergence in defensive traits is in accordance with divergent selection. Comparisons of population pairwise PSTs with ESTs suggest that phenotypic divergence in swimming traits is correlated with prey availability, whereas there were no clear associations between phenotypic divergence and environmental difference in the other phenotypic groups. Overall, our results suggest that phenotypic divergence of these small populations at small geographic scales is largely driven by neutral processes (gene flow, drift), although environmental determinants (natural selection or phenotypic plasticity) may play a role.
Spontaneous goal versus spontaneous trait inferences: How ideology shapes attributions and explanations
Authors: Olcaysoy Okten Irmak , Moskowitz Gordon B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPast research documented liberals’ greater tendency than conservatives to take situational determinants of others’ actions into account when forming causal attributions, and conservatives’ greater tendency to seek consistency. We hypothesize that liberals (vs. conservatives) should be more likely to make spontaneous goal inferences (SGIs). Conservatives, however, should tend to implicitly infer invariant rather than variant characteristics from others’ behaviors, drawing spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) rather than SGIs. Experiment 1 and 2 supported those hypotheses by illustrating differences in the type of implicit inferences formed by liberals and conservatives in a false recognition paradigm common to the STI literature. Experiment 3 revealed similar differences in conservatives’ and liberals’ goal and trait inferences when making open‐ended causal explanations for others’ actions.
Enhancing methane production from anaerobic co‐digestion of cow manure and barley: Link between process parameters and microbial community dynamics
Authors: Ince Orhan , Akyol Çağrı , Ozbayram Emine Gözde , Tutal Bilgesu , Ince Bahar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effects of selected process parameters (i.e., temperature, inoculum to substrate ratio [I:S], and inoculum source) on methane production and microbial community structure were investigated in lignocellulose‐based anaerobic digestion tests. The results highlighted that dynamic response of microbial communities in changing process parameters subsequently affected anaerobic digestion performance. Co‐inoculation of cow rumen fluid to the seed sludge improved the methane yield by 18%. The overall highest methane yield (278 mL CH4/g volatile solids) was obtained when cow rumen fluid was co‐inoculated with anaerobic seed sludge with an I:S ratio of 1:2 at mesophilic temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results, Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Bacillus were the predominant bacterial genera in all anaerobic digesters. The highest relative abundances of Clostridum and Bacillus were detected in the thermophilic anaerobic digester. The relative abundance of Rikenella; known for high cellulolytic activity, was significantly higher only in the cow rumen fluid‐added digester. Comparatively higher abundances of these lignocellulose‐degraders synergistically affected volatile fatty acids as well as methane production in these anaerobic digestion set ups. Methanobacterium was the most abundant methanogen in the digesters inoculated only with anaerobic seed sludge; whereas, Methanobrevibacter dominated the digester that was co‐inoculated with cow rumen fluid.
Downstream geomorphic impact of the Three Gorges Dam: With special reference to the channel bars in the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Lu Xi Xi , Chen Li , Wasson R.J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has altered downstream flow–sediment regimes and led to significant changes in the morphodynamic processes in the Middle Yangtze River (MYR). However, due to the complexity of this large river, the driving forces and implication of the morphodynamic processes remain insufficiently understood. This study selected two typical meandering and bar‐braided reaches, the Zhicheng (ZC) and Shashi (SS) reach, to examine their responses to the TGD operation. The results showed that in the post‐dam period significant channel erosion occurred with a higher erosion rate in the ZC reach (closer to the TGD) compared with the SS reach. The area of the Guanzhou mid‐channel bar (ZC reach) and the Sanba mid‐channel bar (SS reach) shrank by 30 and 90% from 2003 to 2015, respectively. The increased fluvial erosion intensity due to the reduction in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) drove the shrinkage of the mid‐channel bars, as demonstrated by empirical relationships between bar geometry and fluvial erosion intensity. An increase of 22 days per year in the frequency of post‐dam medium‐to‐high discharges (10 000–25 000 m3 s−1), and associated with the reduction in SSC, jointly led to the greater erosion at the convex (inner) banks than the concave (outer) banks, which has negatively affected the designed navigation channels at the concave banks by decreasing their discharge partitioning ratios. The post‐dam water level at a given high discharge (>25 000 m3 s−1) showed no evident change, but the water level at a given low discharge (<10 000 m3 s−1) decreased. The reduction in water levels at low flows can affect water supply and riverine ecosystems in the MYR. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of the subcritical fluid extraction on the quality of almond oils: Compared to conventional mechanical pressing method
Authors: Qi Zhou , Xiao Jia , Ye Liu , Chuyun Wan , Chang Zheng , Shugang Li , Fenghong Huang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of different almond oil extraction techniques, namely, cold‐press extraction (CP), hydraulic press extraction (HP), and subcritical fluid extraction (SFE), on the fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive substances, and thermal stability. The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main unsaturated fatty acids in almond oil (AO). The overall physicochemical properties of the AO (SFE) had the better oil quality compared to cold‐press extraction and hydraulic press extraction in three kinds of varieties. Almond oil extracted from SFE contained the highest levels of total phenolics (9.58–11.75 mg/100 g), total phytosterols (92.86–244.21 mg/100 g), total tocopherols, and tocotrienols (48.03–55.74 mg/100 g). Meanwhile, the TG/DTG curves showed AO (SFE) were more thermally stable than AO (CP) and AO (HP) consistent with the result of oxidative induction time. Subcritical fluid extraction may be a useful extraction technology to produce high‐quality almond oils in the future.
Astrocyte lineage cells are essential for functional neuronal differentiation and synapse maturation in human iPSC‐derived neural networks
Authors: Klapper Simon D. , Garg Pretty , Dagar Sushma , Lenk Kerstin , Gottmann Kurt , Nieweg Katja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman astrocytes differ dramatically in cell morphology and gene expression from murine astrocytes. The latter are well known to be of major importance in the formation of neuronal networks by promoting synapse maturation. However, whether human astrocyte lineage cells have a similar role in network formation has not been firmly established. Here, we investigated the impact of human astrocyte lineage cells on the functional maturation of neural networks that were derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Initial in vitro differentiation of hiPSC‐derived neural progenitor cells and immature neurons (glia+ cultures) resulted in spontaneously active neural networks as indicated by synchronous neuronal Ca2+ transients. Depleting proliferating neural progenitors from these cultures by short‐term antimitotic treatment resulted in strongly astrocyte lineage cell‐depleted neuronal networks (glia− cultures). Strikingly, in contrast to glia+ cultures, glia− cultures did not exhibit spontaneous network activity. Detailed analysis of the morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurons by patch clamp recordings revealed reduced dendritic arborization in glia− cultures. In addition, a reduced action potential frequency upon current injection in pyramidal‐like neurons was observed, whereas the electrical excitability of multipolar neurons was unaltered. Furthermore, we found a reduced dendritic density of PSD95‐positive excitatory synapses, and more immature properties of AMPA (alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in glia− cultures, suggesting that the maturation of glutamatergic synapses depends on the presence of hiPSC‐derived astrocyte lineage cells. Intriguingly, addition of the astrocyte‐derived synapse maturation inducer cholesterol increased the dendritic density of PSD95‐positive excitatory synapses in glia− cultures.
Nurse practitioner's independent prescriptive authority and opioids abuse
Authors: Grecu Anca M. , Spector Lee C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of legislative changes allowing nurse practitioners to prescribe schedule II controlled substances independently. We find that this legal environment is associated with an increase in treatment admissions for opioid misuse and a decrease in opioid related mortality only when Mandatory Prescription Drugs Monitoring Programs are in place.
Prognostic markers in salivary gland cancer and their impact on survival
Authors: Szewczyk Mateusz , Marszałek Andrzej , Sygut Jacek , Golusiński Paweł , Golusiński Wojciech 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of molecular markers in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is not well understood. We evaluated molecular marker expression and their prognostic value.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of 124 tumor specimens was performed to determine expression of androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death ligand 1 receptor (PD‐L1), and PD‐L1 in tumor‐infiltrating mononuclear cell (TIMC). Survival outcomes (disease‐free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]), pT and N classification, margin status, and treatment failure were assessed.ResultsMost patients (78; 62.9%) had early‐stage SGC. AR positivity and EGFR positivity were detected in 21.0% and 78.6%, respectively, of tumors. AR positivity and PD‐L1 negativity were associated with locally advanced disease. PD‐L1‐negativity was associated with higher recurrence (38.5% vs 0%; P < .001) and worse DFS. OS and DFS were worse in patients with AR+ or HER2+ disease.ConclusionsSeveral molecular markers—AR and HER2 positivity and PD‐L1 negativity—were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Prospective, multi‐institutional trials are needed to determine the prognostic value of these markers.
Charting the Path Forward for Risk Prediction in Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: International Validation of HALTHCC Among 4,089 Patients
Authors: Firl Daniel J. , Sasaki Kazunari , Agopian Vatche G. , Gorgen Andre , Kimura Shoko , Dumronggittigule Wethit , McVey John C. , Iesari Samuele , Mennini Gianluca , Vitale Alessandro , Finkenstedt Armin , Onali Simona , Hoppe‐Lotichius Maria , Vennarecci Giovanni , Manzia Tommaso M. , Nicolini Daniele , Avolio Alfonso W. , Agnes Salvatore , Vivarelli Marco , Tisone Giuseppe , Ettorre Giuseppe M. , Otto Gerd , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Rossi Massimo , Viveiros Andre , Cillo Umberto , Markmann James F. , Ikegami Toru , Kaido Toshimi , Lai Quirino , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Lerut Jan ,   on behalf of the European Hepatocellular Cancer Liver Transplant Study Group, Aucejo Federico N. 
Published: June 2019

Prognosticating outcomes in liver transplant (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to challenge the field. Although Milan Criteria (MC) generalized the practice of LT for HCC and improved outcomes, its predictive character has degraded with increasing candidate and oncological heterogeneity. We sought to validate and recalibrate a previously developed, preoperatively calculated, continuous risk score, the Hazard Associated with Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HALTHCC), in an international cohort. From 2002 to 2014, 4,089 patients (both MC in and out [25.2%]) across 16 centers in North America, Europe, and Asia were included. A continuous risk score using pre‐LT levels of alpha‐fetoprotein, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Sodium score, and tumor burden score was recalibrated among a randomly selected cohort (n = 1,021) and validated in the remainder (n = 3,068). This study demonstrated significant heterogeneity by site and year, reflecting practice trends over the last decade. On explant pathology, both vascular invasion (VI) and poorly differentiated component (PDC) increased with increasing HALTHCC score. The lowest‐risk patients (HALTHCC 0‐5) had lower rates of VI and PDC than the highest‐risk patients (HALTHCC > 35) (VI, 7.7%[ 1.2‐14.2] vs. 70.6% [48.3‐92.9] and PDC:4.6% [0.1%‐9.8%] vs. 47.1% [22.6‐71.5]; P < 0.0001 for both). This trend was robust to MC status. This international study was used to adjust the coefficients in the HALTHCC score. Before recalibration, HALTHCC had the greatest discriminatory ability for overall survival (OS; C‐index = 0.61) compared to all previously reported scores. Following recalibration, the prognostic utility increased for both recurrence (C‐index = 0.71) and OS (C‐index = 0.63). Conclusion: This large international trial validated and refined the role for the continuous risk metric, HALTHCC, in establishing pre‐LT risk among candidates with HCC worldwide. Prospective trials introducing HALTHCC into clinical practice are warranted.