bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a Cereal Rye Cover Crop and Conservation Tillage on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Cotton
Authors: Price Andrew J. , Korres Nicholas E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Li Steve 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCover crops are being increasingly recommended as an integrated approach to controlling glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth and other troublesome weeds. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 through 2012 to evaluate the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in cotton as affected by a cereal rye cover crop and tillage. The management systems evaluated included conventional tillage following winter fallow, conservation tillage (CT) following winter fallow, and CT following a cereal rye cover crop managed for maximum biomass. Throughout most of the growing season, weed biomass in cereal rye cover crop plots was less than the CT winter-fallow system in both years and less than both CT winter fallow and conventional tillage in 2012. The CPWC was shortest in 2010 following conventional tillage; however, in 2012, production system influences on CPWC were less. The presence of the rye cover crop delayed the critical timing for weed removal (CTWR) approximately 8 d compared with fallow treatment both years, while conventional tillage delayed CTWR about 2 wk compared with winter fallow. Relative yield losses in both years did not reach the 5% threshold limit until about 2 wk after planting (WAP) for CT following winter fallow, 3 WAP for CT following a cover crop, and 3.5 WAP following conventional tillage. Thus, CT following winter fallow should be avoided to minimize cotton yield loss.
Tolpyralate Efficacy: Part 1. Biologically Effective Dose of Tolpyralate for Control of Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weeds in Corn
Authors: Metzger Brendan A. , Soltani Nader , Raeder Alan J. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTolpyralate is a new 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide for POST weed management in corn; however, there is limited information regarding its efficacy. Six field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada, over 3 yr (2015 to 2017) to determine the biologically effective dose of tolpyralate for the control of eight annual weed species. Tolpyralate was applied POST at six doses from 3.75 to 120 g ai ha−1and tank mixed at a 1:33.3 ratio with atrazine at six doses from 125 to 4,000 g ha−1. Regression analysis was performed to determine the effective dose (ED) of tolpyralate, and tolpyralate+atrazine, required to achieve 50%, 80%, or 90% control of eight weed species at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after application (WAA). The ED of tolpyralate for 90% control (ED90) of velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, redroot pigweed or Powell amaranth, and green foxtail at 8 WAA was ≤15.5 g ha−1; however, tolpyralate alone did not provide 90% control of wild mustard, barnyardgrass, or ladysthumb at 8 WAA at any dose evaluated in this study. In contrast, the ED90for all species in this study with tolpyralate+atrazine was ≤13.1+436 g ha−1, indicating that tolpyralate+atrazine can be highly efficacious at low field doses.
The Asymmetry of Vertical Velocity in Current and Future Climate
Authors: Tamarin‐Brodsky T. , Hadas O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA fundamental aspect of vertical velocities in the atmosphere is their asymmetric nature, with stronger upward than downward motions. Here we study this asymmetry from a synoptic‐scale perspective, by employing a storm‐tracking algorithm in observations and climate change simulations. We show that midlatitude cyclones and anticyclones are both skewed toward stronger upward motions, and that this asymmetry intensifies in a warmer climate. Downward motions are generally influenced by changes in the dry static stability, which increases in a warmer climate, and therefore weaken. However, upward motions are influenced by a reduced static stability, which takes into account the influence of latent heating on saturated ascent. The latter decreases locally in regions of upward motions, especially for strong cyclones, leading to an intensification of the upward velocity. The projected increase in the upward velocity of strong storms has potential implications for extreme midlatitude precipitation events.
Interpreting Rainfall Anomalies Using Rainfall's Nonnegative Nature
Authors: Wang Shixin , Zuo Hongchao , Yin Yixing , Hu Chundi , Yin Jun , Ma Xieyao , Wang Jujie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies emphasized the role of transient disturbances in linking interannual variation of average rainfall (IVAR; average period > 1 month) to external climate forcings. Researchers conventionally use transient eddy‐driven horizontal fluxes of certain variables to explain the IVAR, which is not universally applicable to disturbance‐associated IVAR research because these variables' horizontal distributions can drastically affect their fluxes. Here we demonstrate that the strengthened transient disturbance activities can directly impact IVAR positively in almost all extratropical terrestrial regions in each season. This impact occurs because disturbance strengthened daily downward motions cannot generate negative rainfall to compensate for the increased rainfall generated by disturbance enhanced daily upward motions. This is much more universally applicable to disturbance‐associated IVAR research because it derives transient eddies' direct and independent impacts on IVAR. Because of this impact, the horizontal heterogeneity of global warming rate can modify the long‐term trend of extratropical terrestrial rainfall through disturbance activity trend.
Parametric Decay of Beam‐Generated Langmuir Waves and Three‐Wave Interaction in Plateau Plasmas: Implications for Type III Radiation
Authors: Sauer Konrad , Baumgärtel Klaus , Sydora Richard , Winterhalter Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInspired by the results of particle‐in‐cell simulations on beam‐plasma interaction, we present a mechanism for the generation of radio waves in solar type III bursts which provides a closed chain of the conversion processes from beam‐generated Langmuir waves into electromagnetic emission. The mechanism is characterized by two key steps. The first is a hitherto unknown parametric decay process in which the primary wave directly decays to low‐k Langmuir waves (plasma oscillations) and ion acoustic waves. This decay becomes possible due to changes in the dispersion properties of longitudinal waves initiated by the presence of a beam or a plateau in the electron velocity distribution. A resonant three‐wave interaction is established between the beam‐induced Langmuir wave, the plasma oscillations, and the ion acoustic wave. Due to weak damping of the waves involved, this interaction persists after the beam has relaxed to a plateau and lasts as long as the latter exists. In the second step, low‐k Langmuir waves in the range of “optical wavelengths” can linearly couple to obliquely propagating radio waves at the plasma frequency in a wave number region around the cross points where quasi‐longitudinal and quasi‐transverse modes approach each other. Our model does not need the persistence of the beam and the associated instability for radiation to be produced. Although the theory is local with respect to the plasma frequency, it may open a way to overcome Sturrock's () dilemma of rapid beam relaxation on the one side and long‐lived radiation on the other. The observed frequency variation is suggested to arise by “adiabatic” motion of the beam‐created interaction region through the heliospheric plasma of decreasing electron density. Implications for the interpretation of in situ Langmuir waveforms and the diversity of their frequency spectra are discussed.
Facile fabrication of one-dimensional Te/Cu2Te nanorod composites with improved thermoelectric power factor and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Park Dabin , Ju Hyun , Oh Taeseob , Kim Jooheon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, Te/Cu2Te nanorod composites were synthesized using various properties of Cu2Te, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The nanorods were synthesized through a solution phase mixing process, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). With increasing Cu2Te content, the composites exhibited a reduced Seebeck coefficient and enhanced electrical conductivity. These characteristic changes were due to the high electrical conductivity and low Seebeck coefficient of Cu2Te. The composite containing 30 wt.% of Cu2Te nanorods showed the maximum power factor (524.6 μV/K at room temperature). The two types of nanorods were assembled into a 1D nanostructure, and with this structure, thermal conductivity decreased owing to the strong phonon scattering effect. This nanorod composite had a dramatically improved ZT value of 0.3, which was ~545 times larger than that of pristine Te nanorods.
Quantifying site-specific chromatin mechanics and DNA damage response
Authors: Whitefield Daniel B. , Spagnol Stephen T. , Armiger Travis J. , Lan Li , Dahl Kris Noel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks pose a direct threat to genomic stability. Studies of DNA damage and chromatin dynamics have yielded opposing results that support either increased or decreased chromatin motion after damage. In this study, we independently measure the dynamics of transcriptionally active or repressed chromatin regions using particle tracking microrheology. We find that the baseline motion of transcriptionally repressed regions of chromatin are significantly less mobile than transcriptionally active chromatin, which is statistically similar to the bulk motion of chromatin within the nucleus. Site specific DNA damage using KillerRed tags induced in loci within repressed chromatin causes an increased motion, while loci within transcriptionally active regions remains unchanged at similar time scales. We also observe a time-dependent response associated with a further increase in chromatin decondensation. Global induction of damage with bleocin displays similar trends of chromatin decondensation and increased mobility only at 53BP1-labeled damage sites but not at non-damaged sites, indicating that chromatin dynamics are tightly regulated locally after damage. These results shed light on the evolution of the local and global DNA damage response associated with chromatin remodeling and dynamics, with direct implications for their role in repair.
ARCiS framework for exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Ormel Chris W. , Min Michiel 
Published: December 2018

Context. Understanding of clouds is instrumental in interpreting current and future spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. Modeling clouds consistently is complex, since it involves many facets of chemistry, nucleation theory, condensation physics, coagulation, and particle transport.
Aims. We aim to develop a simple physical model for cloud formation and transport, efficient and versatile enough that it can be used, in modular fashion for parameter optimization searches of exoplanet atmosphere spectra. In this work we present the cloud model and investigate the dependence of key parameters as the cloud diffusivity K and the nuclei injection rate Σn. on the planet’s observational characteristics.
Methods. The transport equations are formulated in 1D, accounting for sedimentation and diffusion. The grain size is obtained through a moment method. For simplicity, only one cloud species is considered and the nucleation rate is parametrized. From the resulting physical profiles we simulate transmission spectra covering the visual to mid-IR wavelength range.
Results. We apply our models toward KCl clouds in the atmosphere of GJ1214 b and toward MgSiO3 clouds of a canonical hot-Jupiter. We find that larger K increases the thickness of the cloud, pushing the τ = 1 surface to a lower pressure layer higher in the atmosphere. A larger nucleation rate also increases the cloud thickness while it suppresses the grain size. Coagulation is most important at high Σn. and low K. We find that the investigated combinations of K and Σn. greatly affect the transmission spectra in terms of the slope at near-IR wavelength (a proxy for grain size), the molecular features seen at approximately μm (which disappear for thick clouds, high in the atmosphere), and the 10 μm silicate feature, which becomes prominent for small grains high in the atmosphere.
Conclusions. Clouds have a major impact on the atmospheric characteristics of hot-Jupiters, and models as those presented here are necessary to reveal the underlying properties of exoplanet atmospheres. The result of our hybrid approach – aimed to provide a good balance between physical consistency and computational efficiency – is ideal toward interpreting (future) spectroscopic observations of exoplanets.
Asteroid cratering families: recognition and collisional interpretation
Authors: Milani A. , Knežević Z. , Spoto F. , Paolicchi P. 
Published: December 2018

Aims.We continue our investigation of the bulk properties of asteroid dynamical families identified using only asteroid proper elements to provide plausible collisional interpretations. We focus on cratering families consisting of a substantial parent body and many small fragments.Methods.We propose a quantitative definition of cratering families based on the fraction in volume of the fragments with respect to the parent body; fragmentation families are above this empirical boundary. We assess the compositional homogeneity of the families and their shape in proper element space by computing the differences of the proper elements of the fragments with respect to the ones of the major body, looking for anomalous asymmetries produced either by post-formation dynamical evolution, or by multiple collisional/cratering events, or by a failure of the hierarchical clustering method (HCM) for family identification.Results.We identified a total of 25 dynamical families with more than 100 members ranging from moderate to heavy cratering. For three families (4, 15 and 283) we confirm the occurrence of two separate cratering events, while family (569) Misa is a mixed case, with one cratering event and one fragmentation event. The case of family 3 remains dubious, in that there could be either one or two collisions. For family 20, we propose a double collision origin, not previously identified. In four cases (31, 480, 163 and 179) we performed a dedicated search for dynamical resonant transport mechanisms that could have substantially changed the shape of the family. By using a new synthetic method for computation of secular frequencies, we found possible solutions for families 31, 480, and 163, but not for family 179, for which we propose a new interpretation, based on a secular resonance contaminating this family: the family of 179 should be split into two separate clusters, one containing (179) itself and the other, family (9506) Telramund, of fragmentation type, for which we have computed an age.
Development of gasification process technology for the production of environmentally friendly and sustainable syngas in Wood Processing Industry
Authors: Harihastuti Nani , yuliasni Rustiana 
Published: December 2018

One potential bioenergy that has not been explored to its full is the bioenergy potential of wood processing industry waste. The wood processing industry’s waste from saw mill wood is an alternative fuel substitute for IDO or MFO which has been widely used in the wood processing industry. The calorific value of saw mill wood waste is around 2,600 -3,400 kcal / kg, because there are many cellulose, sulfur, lignin, water biomass and so on. If the use is burned, it will directly give potential environmental impacts in the form of emission gas pollution in the form of Fly Ash, CO2, NOx and CxHy. This method is considered less efficient and gives less value.
This study aims to obtain renewable energy sources by converting sawmill wood solid fuel wood processing industry into clean, sustainable and high-calorie gas fuel (syngas) as well as preventing air pollution. The method used is the development of gasification process technology in the burner vesel fluidized bed reactor with a controlled, low oxygen vertical perforated blade installation, resulting in Syngas. Through the gasification process, saw mill wood waste can be converted into gas that is more flammable with higher calorific value and environmentally friendly (clean energy). Syngas technology will be designed based on the principle of imperfect / oxygen-poor combustion at temperatures of 300 – 500°C, inside the closed vesel, so that the gas formed is CO, H2 and CxHx gas.
The output is the development of gasification process technology that produces bioenergy syngas can be used in the substitution of boiler fuel for an environmentally friendly wood drying process.
PET-Liganden für die Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz: Amyloid und Tau
Authors: Solbach Christoph , Patt Marianne 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Bildgebung von β-Amyloid- und Tau-Ablagerungen im Zusammenhang mit Demenzerkrankungen und hierbei insbesondere mit der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (DAT) hat im Rahmen klinischer PET-Anwendungen in den letzten 15 Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Während zunächst die Amyloid-Hypothese im Vordergrund der Diskussion zur Genese der DAT stand, wird dazu in den letzten Jahren zunehmend der Einfluss der pathogenen Tau-Ablagerungen diskutiert. Mehrere 18F-markierte β-Amyloid-Tracer wurden inzwischen arzneimittelrechtlich in Europa zugelassen. Sie sind somit verkehrsfähig und daher auch für niedergelassene nuklearmedizinische Praxen verfügbar. Radiopharmaka für Tau-Bildgebung mit der PET befinden sich ebenfalls in Entwicklung. Allerdings gibt es noch keine zugelassenen Tau-Tracer, sodass die klinische Anwendung zunächst den großen selbst-produzierenden und selbst-anwendenden Forschungszentren vorbehalten bleibt, da diese Arzneimittel bis auf wenige Ausnahmen i. d. R. arzneimittelrechtlich bisher nicht verkehrsfähig sind. Dieser Artikel bietet eine kurze Übersicht über die historische Entwicklung der β-Amyloid- und Tau-Tracer inklusive Darstellung der Strukturformeln der wichtigsten Vertreter dieser Stoffklassen. Darüber hinaus werden Aufwand, Probleme und Herausforderungen einer GMP-konformen klinischen Produktion solcher Tracer exemplarisch skizziert.
Aktuelle Konzepte in der Diagnostik und Therapie von oropharyngealen Aphthen und aphthoiden Läsionen
Authors: Jackowski J. , Schmidt-Westhausen A. , Strietzel F. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht befasst sich mit aktuellen Konzepten zur Diagnostik und Therapie von oropharyngealen Aphthen und aphthoiden Läsionen. Diese basieren auf der kontemporären S2k-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen von Aphthen und aphthoiden Läsionen der Mund- und Rachenschleimhaut“ (AWMF-Registernummer: 007-101, Stand: November 2016, gültig bis: November 2019). Aphthen sind charakteristische flache ulzeröse Läsionen in plattenepithelialen Schleimhäuten. Sie gelten als die häufigsten entzündlichen Affektionen der oralen Mukosa. Die Ätiopathogenese ist bisher nicht abschließend geklärt, sodass weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht. Hinter dem rezidivierenden Auftreten von gleichzeitig mehreren Aphthen können sich differenzialdiagnostisch reaktive Veränderungen, hämatologische Ursachen, weitere Stomatopathien, gastrointestinale Syndrome, mukokutane Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises, bullöse und lichenoide Dermatosen und maligne Erkrankungen verbergen. Therapieziel ist die Reduktion der Schmerzhaftigkeit und der Funktionseinschränkungen des Kauorganes. Gleichzeitig soll die Frequenz des Auftretens und der Schweregrad der Rezidive verringert werden. Neben lokalen Maßnahmen werden systemische Therapiestrategien angewendet. Allerdings stehen nur wenige kontrollierte Studien zur Therapie aphthoider Läsionen zur Verfügung, auf deren Grundlage die Effektivität und Sicherheit von pharmakologischen Substanzen und physikalischen Methoden wie z. B. der Laser-Anwendung nachgewiesen werden kann.
Erosionen – Diagnostik, Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Schlüter Nadine , Ganß Carolina 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Laufe des Lebens sind Zähne einer Vielzahl von Einflüssen ausgesetzt, die zu einer Destruktion der Zähne führen können. Während die Prävalenz von Karies in den industrialisierten Ländern rückläufig ist, gewinnen andere Verschleißerscheinungen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dazu zählen neben den mechanisch bedingten Abrasionen und Attrition v. a. auch die säurebedingten Erosionen. Mechanische und chemische Einflussfaktoren können sich gegenseitig verstärken und damit zu einer schnelleren Progression von Verschleißerscheinungen führen. Besonders gefährdet sind Personen, die sehr häufig säurehaltige Speisen konsumieren, aber auch Personen, deren Zähne regelmäßig der Magensäure ausgesetzt sind–dazu gehören Personen mit einem gastro-ösophagealen Reflux und Personen mit einer Essstörung in Kombination mit Erbrechen. Der folgende Artikel soll Ursachen, diagnostische Kriterien und Differenzialdiagnosen von Erosionen sowie geeignete kausale und symptomatische Präventions- und Therapiestrategien aufzeigen. Zudem soll ein geeignetes Tool zur Dokumentation von Erosionen vorgestellt werden.
Aus der Zahnarztpraxis
Authors: Schilke-Prigge Denise 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBei einer Patientin mit CMD und gestörten Bissverhältnissen ist eine gründliche Störfeldsanierung notwendig. Die zahnärztlichen Maßnahmen umfassen unter anderem die Zahnmetallentfernung, Extraktion wurzelbehandelter Zähne und die Sanierung der Knochenostitis. Zu den nichtzahnärztlichen Maßnahmen gehören unter anderem manuelle Therapie, Massagen und Neuraltherapie.
Wie verändert sich die Patienten- und Krankheitsstruktur
einer psychiatrischen Krankenhausabteilung durch Übernahme der
sektorisierten Pflichtversorgung?
Authors: Bschor Tom , Hoß Anne , Baethge Christopher , Rauchensteiner Stephan 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Prinzip der sektorisierten Pflichtversorgung stellt
eine Besonderheit der Krankenhausbehandlung in Deutschland für das
Fach Psychiatrie dar. Psychiatrische Krankenhäuser oder Abteilungen
sind hiernach verpflichtet, für die Einwohner ihrer
Versorgungsregion stationäre Behandlungsplätze zu
garantieren. Es wurde bislang kaum systematisch erforscht, auf welche
Veränderungen in der Patienten- und Krankheitsstruktur sich die
Krankenhäuser mit der Übernahme der Pflichtversorgung
einstellen müssen.
Methodik Anhand der vollständigen BADO-Datensätze
(116 Items) zweier Jahrgänge (n=863 und n=1345) der
Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin wurde geprüft, wie die im dazwischen
liegenden Jahr eingeführte regionale Pflichtversorgung die
Patientenstruktur verändert.
Ergebnisse Die beiden Jahre (vor vs. nach Einführung der
Pflichtversorgung) unterschieden sich signifikant im Alter (M=50 vs.
48 J., p<0,05), selbstständigem Wohnen (97 vs.
89%, p<0,05), Partnerschaft (42 vs. 29%,
p<0,05) und Beschäftigung (34 vs. 28%,
p<0,05). Notaufnahmen (13 vs. 35%, p<0,001) und
unfreiwillige Aufnahmen (0,2 vs. 8,5%, p<0,001) nahmen zu.
Mehr Patienten beendeten die Behandlung ohne ärztliche Absprache (9
vs. 22%, p<0.001).
Schlussfolgerungen Kliniken, die eine psychiatrische
Pflichtversorgung übernehmen, sollten ihre Strukturen auf eine
Zunahme von Notaufnahmen und Patienten mit ungünstigen
Lebensumständen anpassen. Den Kliniken müssen die
organisatorischen und finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen hierfür
ermöglicht werden.