bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency of two major data sources for exchange rates in the interwar period and further evidence on the behaviour of exchange rates during hyperinflations
Authors: Peel David , Spiru Alina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe exploit a rich but rather neglected source of data, The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, to shed light on the behaviour of daily and weekly exchange rates throughout several interwar hyperinflation episodes, paying special attention to the case of Germany. The purpose of our analysis is fourfold: First, we investigate the consistency of exchange rate data by comparing the rates available from The Commercial and Financial Chronicle at daily frequency with those provided by Einzig (1937). Although Einzig is a widely used source, the daily rates of the currencies of countries that witnessed episodes of hyperinflation during the interwar period, reported in The Chronicle, have not been examined previously. Second, we scrutinize the commentaries offered by The Chronicle to shed light on the impact of news on the behaviour of the German mark–U.S. dollar exchange rate over the interwar German hyperinflation and to check whether the narrative analysis provided therein is consistent with formal econometric analyses in dating when the probability of monetary reform became salient. This is crucial for the interpretation of the findings reported by previous studies of the German hyperinflation. Third, we focus on the commentaries that provide evidence on the volume of trade in German marks and on whether the quotations of the exchange rate of the mark against the U.S. dollar were purely notional in the final stages of the hyperinflation. Fourth, for the first time, we examine the behaviour of the real exchange rate of the German mark after the 1923 stabilization episode using data at weekly frequency.
Stock price effects of bank rating announcements: An application to European Union countries
Authors: Lobão Júlio , Pacheco Luís , Campos Susana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper uses daily stock prices data surrounding credit rating announcement dates to examine abnormal returns of stocks of the European Union banks experiencing debt rating announcements, during the period 2004–2015. The results of the event studies suggest that rating agencies, by issuing downgrades and upgrades, provide relevant information to capital markets. The results also indicate that rating agencies contribute to enhance the transparency and efficiency in capital markets by standardizing information for all investors. The large positive preupgrade returns we observe are consistent with the view that upgrades are of most interest to market investors. There is no significant evidence of abnormal returns on announcements of rating watches.
Environmental attitudes in China: The roles of the Dark Triad, future orientation and place attachment
Authors: Huang Niwen , Zuo Shijiang , Wang Fang , Cai Pan , Wang Fengxiang 
Published: July 2018

Given the current environmental situation and social change in China, we explored the relationships between the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) and environmental attitudes (beliefs regarding environmentally related issues), and the mediating roles of future orientation (the tendency to plan for meeting long‐term objectives) and place attachment (the emotional connection with the place of residence) in these relationships. Using a national sample from all 31 provinces of mainland China (N = 998), we found that the psychometric structure of the Dark Triad was well confirmed under Chinese culture. The Dark Triad as a whole was negatively related to environmental attitudes, but narcissism was not significantly associated with environmental attitudes when the three Dark Triad traits were considered as the predictors simultaneously. Future orientation and place attachment mediated the association between the Dark Triad and environmental attitudes. These findings enrich our understanding of the relevant variables of environmental attitudes and provide references for China's government and other developing countries to improve environmental issues. The uniqueness of narcissism could expand the understanding of the commonality and diversity among the Dark Triad traits, and an efficient tool of the Dark Triad was provided under Chinese culture.
Small ubiquitin‐like modifier/sentrin‐specific peptidase 1 associates with chemotherapy and is a risk factor for poor prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Keyuan , Zhang Jing , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundSUMO/sentrin‐specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) was associated with radioresistance of cancer cells and was upregulated in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was to investigate the association of SENP1 with resistance of NSCLC tumor to chemoradiotherapy.MethodsSentrin‐specific peptidase 1 expression profile was detected using the immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analyses. The relative expression level of SENP1 mRNA was detected using qRT‐PCR. The response to chemoradiotherapy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Results and ConclusionWhen compared with adjacent non‐tumor tissues, the overexpression of SENP1 mRNA and protein in NSCLC tumor tissues was determined using qRT‐PCR and immunochemistry. Based on the chemoradiotherapy response rate, we found that NSCLC patients with higher SENP1 expression showed lower rates of complete response and higher partial and non‐response rate to chemoradiotherapy. In the overall survival analysis, we found patients with high SENP1 expression showed significant shorter survival time compared with those with low SENP1 expression. In the multivariate Cox regression model, we found SENP1 overexpression, TNM stage, and lymph metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of NSCLC. SENP1 overexpression contributed to chemoradiotherapy resistance of NSCLC. The overexpression of SENP1 could be used as a risk factor for the poor prognosis of NSCLC.
EBV up-regulates PD-L1 on the surface of primary monocytes by increasing ROS and activating TLR signaling and STAT3
Authors: Gilardini Montani Maria Saveria , Santarelli Roberta , Falcinelli Luca , Gonnella Roberta , Granato Marisa , Di Renzo Livia , Cuomo Laura , Vitillo Marina , Faggioni Alberto , Cirone Mara 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (also called B7-H1) is a membrane immune-modulatory protein whose overexpression on the surface of tumor cells as well as APCs impairs T-cell-mediated killing. Viruses that establish chronic infections have developed a number of strategies to escape from immune recognition including the up-regulation of PD-L1. This study shows for the first time that the human oncovirus EBV infects human primary monocytes using HLA-DR and induced a strong up-regulation of PD-L1 expression on their surface. Searching for the underlying mechanism/s leading to this immune suppressive effect, we found that EBV activated TLR signaling, increased intracellular ROS, and phosphorylated STAT3. Targeting these molecules partially reverted PD-L1 up-regulation that correlated with an altered cytokine production and a reduction of monocyte cell survival, strongly impairing the antiviral immune response.
EBV induces PD-L1 expression on the surface of infected monocytes suggesting that targeting this molecule could help to prevent or treat viral-associated diseases.
The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by α-PD-L1 or α-IL6 antibodies
Authors: Rolvering Catherine , Zimmer Andreas D , Ginolhac Aurélien , Margue Christiane , Kirchmeyer Mélanie , Servais Florence , Hermanns Heike M , Hergovits Sabine , Nazarov Petr V , Nicot Nathalie , Kreis Stephanie , Haan Serge , Behrmann Iris , Haan Claude 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInterleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN-γ-like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN-γ, IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associated with immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these genes was observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN-γ. In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other TH1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulation—mimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation–induced cachexia—can be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27 with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines.Anti-IL6 or anti-PD-L1 influence IL27 signaling effects in HCC cells by preventing IL6 mediated inhibition of IL27 or by mediating an increase in immunogenicity, respectively.
Influence of dendrimer surface chemistry and pH on the binding and release pattern of chalcone studied by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Badalkhani‐Khamseh Farideh , Ebrahim‐Habibi Azadeh , Hadipour Nasser L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPoly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are promising nanocarriers that can enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. The surface chemistry of dendrimers is of great relevance as end groups of these nanocarriers can be easily modified to improve the bioavailability and sustained release of the cargo. Therefore, a molecular‐level understanding of the host‐guest interactions that can give both qualitative and quantitative information is particularly desirable. In this work, fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the association of a bioactive natural product, ie, chalcone, with amine‐, acetyl‐, and carboxyl‐terminated PAMAM dendrimers at physiological and acidic pH environments. Amine‐ and carboxyl‐terminated PAMAM dendrimers have an open microstructure at low pH that is not able to hold the ligand tightly, resulting in an unfavorable encapsulation of the chalcone molecule. In the case of acetyl‐terminated dendrimer, chalcone molecule diffuses out of the dendritic cavities a few times during the simulation time and prefers to locate close to the surface of dendrimer. Average center of mass distance values at neutral pH showed that the chalcone molecule bounds firmly in the internal pockets of amine‐, acetyl‐, and carboxyl‐terminated dendrimers and forms stable complexes with these nanovectors. The potential of mean force calculations showed that the release of the ligand from the dendrimers occurs at a controlled rate in the body.
Formulating a Treatment Plan in Suspected Lymphoma: Ultrasound‐Guided Core Needle Biopsy Versus Core Needle Biopsy and Fine‐Needle Aspiration of Peripheral Lymph Nodes
Authors: Drylewicz Monica R. , Watkins Marcus P. , Shetty Anup S. , Lin Michael F. , Salter Amber , Bartlett Nancy L. , Middleton William D. , Yano Motoyo 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesImage‐guided tissue sampling in the workup of suspected lymphoma can be performed by core needle biopsy (CNB) or CNB with fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). We compared the yield of clinically actionable diagnoses between these methods of tissue sampling.MethodsAll ultrasound‐guided percutaneous peripheral lymph node biopsies from 2010 to 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed for biopsy type (CNB versus CNB + FNA), prior diagnosis of lymphoma, size of the target lymph node, number of cores, length of core specimens, and pathologic diagnosis. Lymphoma and lymphoid tissue were included; metastatic disease and nonlymphoid tissue were excluded. An oncologist specializing in lymphoma independently determined whether an actionable diagnosis could be made with the pathologic results in the context of the patient's medical record. χ2 analyses and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsOf 578 lymph node biopsies, 306 (53%) had a prior diagnosis of lymphoma; 273 (47%) were CNB, and 305 (53%) were CNB + FNA. There was no significant difference between biopsy types (CNB versus CNB + FNA) in the number of cores (median [25th, 75th percentiles], 3 [3, 4] versus 4 [3, 4]; P = .47) or total length of tissue (4.1 [2.5, 6.1] versus 3.7 [2.3, 6] cm; P = .09). There was no difference in obtaining an actionable diagnosis between biopsy types after controlling for a known history of lymphoma (P = .271) or after controlling for the number of core specimens (P = .826).ConclusionsIn cases of suspected lymphoma, CNB without FNA was sufficient to obtain an actionable diagnosis.
Prey perception mechanism determines maximum clearance rates of planktonic copepods
Authors: Almeda Rodrigo , van Someren Gréve Hans , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ecological consequences of “sit‐and‐wait” (ambushing) vs. “searching” (active feeding) foraging strategies are not well‐understood in marine plankton food webs. We determined the maximum clearance rates of ambush and active feeders to evaluate the trade‐off between foraging gain and predation risk associated with the main foraging strategies in planktonic copepods. We show that maximum clearance rates are similar among feeding behaviors for motile prey but one order of magnitude lower for ambush than for active feeders toward nonmotile prey. The prey size spectrum is narrower and toward relatively larger prey in ambushers compared with active feeders. Prey detection in ambushers relies on the hydrodynamic disturbances and is inefficient toward nonmotile prey but highly efficient for large motile prey. The effective prey perception mechanism in ambushers compensates for the lower prey encounter velocity in ambush feeding copepods compared with active feeding copepods. Therefore, ambushers are more restricted in target prey than active feeders and prey perception mechanism determines the efficiency of planktonic copepod foraging strategies. The lower clearance rates of ambush feeders on nonmotile prey is compensated for by a lower predation risk, which can partially explain the coexistence of both “high‐gain & high‐risk” (active feeders) and “low‐gain & low‐risk” (ambush feeders) foraging strategies in marine plankton food webs.
Relationship Between Total Body Protein and Cross‐Sectional Skeletal Muscle Area in Liver Cirrhosis Is Influenced by Overhydration
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , McCall John L. , Plank Lindsay D. 
Published: July 2018

Sarcopenia as defined by reduced skeletal muscle area (SMA) on cross‐sectional abdominal imaging has been proposed as an objective measure of malnutrition, and it is associated with both wait‐list mortality and posttransplant complications in patients with cirrhosis. SMA, however, has never been validated against the gold standard measurement of total body protein (TBP) by in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA). Furthermore, overhydration is common in cirrhosis, and its effect on muscle area measurement remains unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between SMA and TBP in patients with cirrhosis and to assess the impact of overhydration on this relationship. Patients with cirrhosis who had undergone IVNAA and cross‐sectional imaging within 30 days were retrospectively identified. Patients with significant clinical events between measurements were excluded. Psoas muscle area (PMA) and SMA at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae were determined. Total body water was estimated from a multicompartment model and expressed as a fraction of fat‐free mass (FFM), as determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, to provide an index of hydration status. In total, 107 patients underwent 109 cross‐sectional imaging studies (87 computed tomography; 22 magnetic resonance imaging) within 30 days of IVNAA. Median time between measurements was 1 day (IQR, –1 to 3 days). Between 43% and 69% of the cohort was identified as sarcopenic, depending on muscle area cutoff values used. TBP was strongly correlated with SMA (r = 0.78; P < 0.001) and weakly correlated with PMA (r = 0.49; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed SMA was significantly and positively associated with FFM hydration (P < 0.001) independently of TBP. In conclusion, SMA is more closely related to TBP than is PMA, and it should be preferred as a measure of sarcopenia. Overhydration significantly affects the measurement of cross‐sectional muscle area.
Changes in Silk Feedstock Rheology during Cocoon Construction: The Role of Calcium and Potassium Ions
Authors: Laity Peter R. , Baldwin Elizabeth , Holland Chris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVariation in silk feedstocks is a barrier both to our understanding of natural spinning and biomimetic endeavors. To address this, compositional changes are investigated in feedstock specimens from the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori). It is found that the feedstock viscosity decreased systematically by over two orders of magnitude during cocoon construction. Potential factors such as protein concentration, molecular weight, pH, or the presence of trehalose are excluded, whereas a clear correlation appear between viscosity and the relative concentrations of Ca2+ and K+ ions. It is expected that Ca2+ ions would favor “salt bridges” between acidic (Asp and Glu) amino acids, leading to an increased viscosity, whereas K+ ions would compete for these sites, thereby reducing viscosity. Thus, these findings suggest a simple, systematic yet sophisticated control of feedstock viscosity in the silkworm, which in turn can be applied to future industrial silk production.
Tell me your story and I will tell you who you are: Persona perspective in sustainable consumption
Authors: Onel Naz , Mukherjee Avinandan , Kreidler Nicole Bieak , Díaz Estela M. , Furchheim Pia , Gupta Shipra , Keech Jessica , Murdock Mitchel R. , Wang Qin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough research in marketing and consumer behavior has tried to portray sustainable consumers in many different ways, a clear, consistent, and granular identification of these consumers is still not available due to the complexity of sustainable consumption. This study adopts personas as a way to better explain and understand the holistic nature and complexity of sustainable consumer behavior in terms of its various stages (i.e. acquisition, usage, and postuse) within four key behavioral functions of mobility, housing, clothing, and food. Different sustainability related functions of personas are seen to be fundamental lifestyle components and could be fulfilled by a variety of sustainable actions. This exploratory study uses a qualitative methodology, involving data collection through multiple in‐depth interviews across several countries. The results reveal three different consumer archetypes with distinct sustainable consumption strategies: holistic sustainable consumers, transitional sustainable consumers, and restricted sustainable consumers. Managerial and theoretical implications provide practical recommendations for marketing managers and public policy planners, as well as directions for continued research in this area.
Self‐Healing Polycaprolactone Networks through Thermo‐Induced Reversible Disulfide Bond Formation
Authors: Zhang Liangdong , Qiu Teng , Zhu Zhiqiang , Guo Longhai , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) networks with disulfide bonds are synthesized through a thiol‐ene “click” reaction. The PCL networks have various functional properties, including self‐healing, shape memory, reprocessability, and degradability. Pronouncedly, a healing efficiency of 92% on the yield strength of the PCL network is obtained after heating for 1 h at 60 °C. Meanwhile, the PCL networks show shape memory property with fixing ratio (R
f) and recovery ratio (R
r) at 98% and 95%, respectively. The PCL network still retains good mechanical properties after reprocessing cycles and can be fast‐decomposed through a thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction.
Quantitative evaluation of pulmonary gas‐exchange function using hyperpolarized 129Xe CEST MRS and MRI
Authors: Li Haidong , Zhang Zhiying , Zhao Xiuchao , Han Yeqing , Sun Xianping , Ye Chaohui , Zhou Xin 
Published: July 2018

Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas MR has been a powerful tool for evaluating pulmonary structure and function due to the extremely high enhancement in spin polarization, the good solubility in the pulmonary parenchyma, and the excellent chemical sensitivity to its surrounding environment. Generally, the quantitative structural and functional information of the lung are evaluated using hyperpolarized 129Xe by employing the techniques of chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) and xenon polarization transfer contrast (XTC). Hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper‐CEST) is another method for quantifying the exchange information of hyperpolarized 129Xe by using the exchange of xenon signals according to its different chemical shifts, and it has been widely used in biosensor studies in vitro. However, the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 129Xe CEST to quantify the pulmonary gas exchange function in vivo is still unclear. In this study, the technique of CEST was used to quantitatively evaluate the gas exchange in the lung globally and regionally via hyperpolarized 129Xe MRS and MRI, respectively. A new parameter, the pulmonary apparent gas exchange time constant (Tapp), was defined, and it increased from 0.63 s to 0.95 s in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats (induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide exposure) versus the controls with a significant difference (P = 0.001). Additionally, the spatial distribution maps of Tapp in COPD rats' pulmonary parenchyma showed a regionally obvious increase compared with healthy rats. These results indicated that hyperpolarized 129Xe CEST MR was an effective method for globally and regionally quantifying the pulmonary gas exchange function, which would be helpful in diagnosing lung diseases that are related to gas exchange, such as COPD.
Botnet detection based on network flow summary and deep learning
Authors: Pektaş Abdurrahman , Acarman Tankut 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA botnet is a group of compromised Internet‐connected devices controlled remotely by cyber criminals to launch coordinated attacks and to perform various malicious activities. Since botnets continuously adapt themselves to the evolving countermeasures introduced by both network and host‐based detection mechanism, the traditional approaches do not provide adequate protection to botnet threat. On the one hand, behavioral analysis of network traffic can play a key role to detect botnets. For instance, behavioral analysis can be applied to observe and discover communication patterns that botnets operate during their life cycle. On the other hand, deep learning has been successfully applied to various classification tasks, and it is also a promising solution for botnet discovery. In this paper, we apply deep neural network to detect botnet by modeling network traffic flow. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with publicly available large‐scale communication traces. The experimental results illustrate that deep learning is an efficient and effective method for identifying botnet traffic with a high true positive rate (attack detection rate) and low false positive alarm rate.