bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome and phytochemical analyses provide new insights into long non-coding RNAs and characteristic secondary metabolites of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) in solar-withering
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhang Shuting , Fu Haifeng , Zhou Chengzhe , Chen Lan , Chang Xiaojun , Li Xiaozhen , Lin Yuling , Lai Zhongxiong , Guo Yuqiong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Oolong tea, a semi-fermented tea, was deeply loved by consumers. Among tea processing, withering is the first indispensable process for improving the unique flavor. However, the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and characteristic secondary metabolites in withering of oolong tea remain unknown.

Results

Using phytochemical analyses, the total flavonoid, total catechins, EGC, CG, GCG, ECG, and EGCG were all present at significantly lower levels in solar-withered leaves (SW) than in fresh leaves (FL) and indoor-withered leaves (IW). However, terpenoid, JA, and MeJA were present at a higher level in SW than FL and IW. By analyzing the transcriptome data, we obtained a total of 32,036 lncRNAs. On the basis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, flavonoid metabolic pathway, terpenoid metabolic pathway, and JA/MeJA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway were the representative pathways in this study. And a total of 63 differentially expressed-lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and 23 target genes were identified in the 3 pathways. Analysis of the expression profiles of DE-lncRNAs and their target genes in SW compared with IW, we found that 4 up-regulated genes (FLS, CCR, CAD, and HCT), 7 up-regulated lncRNAs, 4 down-regulated genes (4CL, CHI, F3H, and F3'H), and 3 down-regulated lncRNAs in flavonoid metabolism; 9 up-regulated genes (DXS, CMK, HDS, HDR, AACT, MVK, PMK, GGPPS, and TPS), 3 up-regulated lncRNAs, 6 down-regulated lncRNAs in terpenoid metabolism; 6 up-regulated genes (LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX, and MFP2), 4 up-regulated lncRNAs, and 3 down-regulated lncRNAs in JA/MeJA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway.

Conclusions

These results suggested that the expression of DE-lncRNAs and their targets involved in the 3 pathways maybe related to the low content of total flavonoid, total catechins, EGC, CG, GCG, ECG, and EGCG, and high content of terpenoid in SW. Moreover, solar light, high content of JA and MeJA, and the endogenous target mimics (eTMs) regulatory mechanism in SW were also crucial factors in increasing the terpenoid. These findings provide new insights into the view of "Kàn qīng shài qīng" that the solar-withering is more contribute to the high quality flavor of oolong tea compared to the indoor-withering.
Comparative study of GenePOC GBS LB Assay and GeneXpert GBS LB Assay for the detection of Group B Streptococcus in prenatal screening samples
Authors: Choera Tsokyi , Jung-Hynes Brittney , Chen Derrick J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Group B Streptococcal (GBS) infections in the United States are a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The CDC, therefore recommends GBS screening for all pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation and administration of intrapartum prophylaxis (in those that tested positive) as an effective means of controlling disease transmission. Several FDA approved molecular diagnostic tests are available for rapid and accurate detection of GBS in antepartum women. In this study, we report a clinical comparison of the Xpert GBS LB assay and a novel FDA-cleared test, GenePOC GBS LB assay. A total of 250 vaginal-rectal swabs from women undergoing prenatal screening were submitted to the University of Wisconsin’s clinical microbiology laboratory for GBS testing. We found 96.8% of samples were concordant between the two tests, while 3.2% were discordant with higher sensitivity observed for the GenePOC GBS LB assay, and higher specificity for the GeneXpert GBS LB assay.
Early rehabilitation for children with visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a Randomized Controlled Trial protocol
Authors: Kooiker Marlou , Linden Yoni van der , Dijk Jenneke van , Zee Ymie J van der , Swarte Renate MC , Smit Liesbeth S , Steen-Kant Sanny van der , Loudon Sjoukje E , Reiss Irwin KM , Kuyper Kees , Pel Johan JM , Steen Johannes van der 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

An increasing amount of children suffer from brain damage-related visual processing dysfunctions (VPD). At present, there is a lack of evidence-based rehabilitation methods that can be used early in development. We developed a visual rehabilitation protocol suitable from 1 year of age. The protocol contains objective, quantitative outcomes and is structured, comprehensive and individually-adaptive. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness of this first visual rehabilitation program for young children with (a risk of) VPD.

Methods

We conduct a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is embedded within standard clinical care. The study population consists of 100 children born very or extremely preterm (<30 weeks) of 1 year of corrected age (CA), of whom 50% are expected to have VPD. First, children undergo a visual screening at 1 year CA. If they are classified as being at risk of VPD, they are referred to standard care: an ophthalmic and visual function assessment and a (newly developed) visual rehabilitation program. This program consist of a general protocol (standardized and similar for all children) and a supplement protocol (adapted to specific needs of the child), and employs quantitative parameters of visual outcome. Children are randomly allocated to an intervention group (starting upon inclusion at 1 year CA), or a control group (postponed: starting at 2 years CA). The control group will receive a placebo treatment. The effectiveness of early visual rehabilitation will be examined with follow-up visual and neurocognitive assessments after 1 year (upon completion of the direct intervention) and after 2 years (upon completion of the postponed intervention).

Discussion

Through this RCT we will establish the effectiveness of a new and early visual rehabilitation program. Combining a general and supplement protocol enables structured comparisons between participants and groups, and custom rehabilitation that is tailored to the children’s specific needs. The design ensures that all included children will benefit from participation by advancing the age at which they start receiving rehabilitation. We expect results to be applicable to all children with (a risk of) VPD early in life.
Socio-demographic characteristics and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms with chronic diseases among older adults in China: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Yang Hanmo , Guo Zhanyuan , Liu Bei , Geng Shen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

The aim of the current study is to assess the cross-sectional association of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and cerebrovascular) with depression among older adults in China.

Methods

Data was obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2014. A total of 7505 participants were included. Depression status was assessed by 9-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Associations between depression and chronic diseases, adjusting for so, demographics and chronic diseases risk factors were assessed.

Results

We found negative associations between depression and several socioeconomic factors, including education attainment and economic level. Widowed/divorced/ unmarried individuals are more likely to suffer from depression. Hypertension (Odds ratio:1.29 [95%CI:1.16, 1.42]), diabetes (1.41 [95%CI:1.19,1.67]), arthritis (1.72 [1.52, 1.96]), and cerebrovascular disease (1.69 [1.41, 2.02]) were found to be associated with depression.

Conclusions

Most depression cases were found to be strongly associated with chronic diseases. Our findings has provided empirical evidence for clinicians to view co-morbid depression with chronic diseases, which could help them to evaluate, diagnose and manage depression promptly.
Exploring Pathways to Hospital Care for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Rural South Western Uganda
Authors: Kakongi Nathan , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Galaye Bizu , Wakida Edith K. , Obua Celestino , Okello Elialilia S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: In order to analyze use of health services and identify sources of delays in accessing the right care for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD), understanding of care seeking pathways is needed. The objectives of this study were: (i) to explore pathways to hospital care for patients with AD/ADRD and (ii) to describe challenges experienced by the patients and their families while seeking health care.
Methods: Using purposive sampling, 30-in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted among caregivers of elderly patients diagnosed with dementia from rural Southwestern, Uganda. Data was analyzed using ATLAS.Ti software.
Results: There was variability in pathways to care from individual to individual. The points of care varied from one to four including; hospitals, clinics, places of worship and traditional healers with one to six point of care visits. Two broad themes were identified: (1) points of care choice and perceived care outcomes; (2) challenges encountered at various points of care. Most of the respondents reported use of hospitals at first and second visit to the health care point (53.3% and 67.9% respectively), but reduced to none at 5th and 6th encounters. Places of worship, clinics and traditional healer’s shrine received few patients but places of worship became more common from third point of care encounter to the sixth. Major improvements (58.1%) were observed on hospital use but little or no help with prayers, clinics and traditional healers. The challenges experienced with formal points of care focused on cost of prescribed drugs, weakening effect of the drugs, health workers’ rudeness, lack of skills to manage the condition, and lack of improvement in quality of life.
Conclusions: Study findings indicate that caregivers and or families of patients with dementia go to different places both formal and informal care settings while seeking health care. However, hospital point of care was more frequent at first and second points of care visit while places of worship took the lead at subsequent visits. Although no specific pathway reported, most of them begin with hospital (formal) and end with non-formal. We recommend that health systems carry out public awareness on dementia.
Title: Retrospective analysis of reported cases of intraoperative awareness in a large multi-hospital health system
Authors: Deis Amanda S. , Schnetz Michael P. , Ibinson James W. , Vogt Keith M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Awareness with recall under general anesthesia remains a rare but important issue that warrants further study.

Methods: We present a series of seven cases of awareness that were identified from provider-reported adverse event data from the electronic anesthesia records of 647,000 general anesthetics.

Results: The low number of identified cases suggests an under-reporting bias. Nonetheless, some important themes emerge from this small series that can serve as important reminders to anesthesia providers to ensure delivery of an adequate anesthetic for each patient. Commonalities between a majority of our identified anesthetic awareness cases include: obesity, use of total intravenous anesthesia, use of neuromuscular blockade, and either a lack of processed electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring or documented high depth of consciousness index values. An interesting phenomenon was observed in one case, where adequately-dosed anesthesia was delivered without technical issue, processed EEG monitoring was employed, and the index value suggested an adequate depth of consciousness throughout the case.

Conclusions: Provider-reported adverse event data in the immediate post-operative period is likely insensitive for detecting cases of intraoperative awareness. Themes identified in this series of cases of awareness under general anesthesia provide important reminders for anesthesia providers for maintain vigilance in monitoring depth and dose of anesthesia, particularly with total intravenous anesthesia.
Preoperative risk factors for delirium in hip-fracture surgery under regional anesthesia: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Ahn Eun-Jin , Bang Si Ra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Delirium is common, but is frequently undetected by clinicians, despite the fact that it can be life-threatening. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of delirium and the preoperative factors associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery under regional anesthesia.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients ≥65 years who underwent hip fracture surgery under regional anesthesia, covered by the Korean National Health Insurance, between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015. A univariate and stepwise logistic regression model with the occurrence of delirium as the dependent variable was used to identify perioperative factors for this sample of patients.

Results

Among the 70696 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 58972 patients were who received regional anesthesia during surgery were included in our study. Delirium was detected in 8680 (14.7%) patients. Performing stepwise logistic regression, preoperative variables including female gender, included age ≥85 years, hospital type (medical center), ICU and ventilator care, neurodegenerative disorders, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer disease, psychoses, and depression (OR=1.49[1.42-1.58], 4.7[4.15-5.37], 13.3[7.57-23.8], 1.52[1.43-1.60], 1.19[1.01-1.40], 1.20[1.14-1.27], 1.09[1.04-1.14], 0.87[0.96-0.00], 2.23[1.48-3.37], and 1.38[1.32-1.46], respectively) were identified to be associated with delirium.

Conclusion

Delirium could occur in approximately 15% of elderly hip fracture surgery cases in which regional anesthesia is used. Multiple preoperative risk factors were found to be associated with delirium.
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and nuclease activity in septic patients
Authors: Cox Linda , Walstein Kai , Völlger Lena , Reuner Friederike , Bick Alexandra , Dötsch Annika , Engler Andrea , Peters Jürgen , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Schäfer Simon T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: There is little knowledge, whether in patients with sepsis neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and NET degrading nuclease activity are altered. Thus, we tested the hypotheses that 1) NET formation from neutrophils of septic patients is increased compared to healthy volunteers, both without stimulation and following incubation with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a damage-associated molecular pattern, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; positive control); and 2) serum nuclease activities are increased as well.
Methods: We included 18 septic patients and 27 volunteers in this prospective observational trial while study was registered retrospectively. Blood was withdrawn and NET formation from neutrophils in vitro was quantified (average percentage of neutrophils showing NET formation on an image) without stimulation and following incubation with mtDNA (10µg/well) or PMA (25nmol). Serum nuclease activity was assessed using gel electrophoresis.
Results: In contrast to our hypothesis, compared to healthy volunteers unstimulated NET release from neutrophils in septic patients was decreased by 46.3% (4.3%±1.8 SD vs. 8.2%±2.9, p≤0.0001) and 48.1% (4.9%±2.5 vs. 9.4%±5.2, p=0.002) after 2 and 4 hours of incubation. mtDNA further decreased NET formation in neutrophils from septic patients (4.7%±1.2 to 2.8%±0,8; p=0.03) but did not alter NET formation in neutrophils from volun-teers. As expected, PMA, as positive control, increased NET formation to 73.2% (±29.6) in septic patients and to 91.7% (±7.1) in volunteers after 4 hours of incubation (p=0.22). Serum nuclease activity (range: 0-6) was decreased in septic patients by 39.6% (3±2 vs 5±0; median and ICR, p=0.0001) compared to volunteers.
Conclusions: Unstimulated NET formation and nuclease activity are decreased in septic patients and mtDNA can further reduce NET formation. Thus, neutrophils from septic patients show decreased NET formation in vitro despite diminished nuclease activity in vivo.
Trail registration DRKS00007694, German Clinical Trials database (DRKS). Registered retrospectively 06.02.2015.
Preference of Traditional Bone setting and associated factors among trauma patients with fracture at Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institution Based cross sectional study
Authors: Worku Nardos , Tewelde Tsegaye , Abdissa Biru , Merga Hailu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective
Despite the access and availability of modern health care, traditional bone setting (TBS) has a big place as alternative health care. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the preference of traditional bone setting and associated factors among patients with a fracture.
Results
A total of 224 patients known to have fractured at Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa was included in the study. This study revealed that 29.9% of the study participants had a preference for the traditional bone setting. Hospital admission (AOR=8.158, 95% CI: 1.179, 56.439), TBS center as first port of call after injury (AOR=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.090), knowledge (AOR=9.448, 95% CI: 1.481, 60.251) and perception (AOR=0.026, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.215) were statistically significant. The preference for the traditional bone setting is high. Hospital admission, traditional bone setting center as a first port of call after injury, knowledge, and perception were significantly associated with the preference of traditional bone setting. In addition to deployment of trained in trauma professionals, working more on awareness creation and training are recommended.
Mediators of effective organizational capacity training: lessons from a training programme on health workforce development with participants from three African Countries
Authors: Amde Woldekidan Kifle , Marchal Bruno , Sanders David , Lehmann Uta 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa face multifaceted capacity challenges to fulfil their mandates of service provision and governance of their resources. Four academic institutions in Africa implemented a WHO-funded collaborative project encompassing training, curriculum development, and partnership to strengthen national leadership and training capacity for health workforce development. This paper looks into the training component of the project, a blended Masters programme in public health that sought to improve the capacity of personnel involved in teaching or management/development of human resources for health. With a focus on the training participants, the paper aims to explore factors mediating contribution of training to organisational capacity development.

Methods

We chose a case study design. Semi-structured interviews were held with 18 trainees that were enrolled in the training programme, and who were affiliated to health ministries or public health training institutions. We gathered additional data through document reviews, observation, and interviews with representatives of the collaborating institutions. The evidence gathered were analysed thematically.

Results

Many training participants stayed in the target institutions and contributed to improved capacity of their institutions in the fields of management, policy, planning, research, training, or curriculum development. Some of the training participants, however, left the target institutions for private and international agencies due to dissatisfaction with payment, work conditions, or career prospect.

Clusters of interacting factors, which were related to the training, trainees, and the institutional and broader context, mediate contribution of training to organisational capacity development. These include relevance of newly acquired knowledge and skills set of trainees to the role/position they assume in the organisation; recognition of trainees by employing organisations in terms of promotion or assignment of challenging tasks; and motivation and retention of trained staff.

Conclusion

Training, even if relevant and applicable, makes no more than a ‘latent’ contribution, one which is activated and realised through alignment of clusters of interacting contextual and relational factors related to the target institutions and trained personnel. While not predictable, implementers need to focus more deliberately on the likely interaction and best possible alignments between training relevance, student selection for potential to contribute, recognition and career advancement potential.
A training manual for event history analysis using longitudinal data
Authors: Bocquier Philippe , Ginsburg Carren , Collinson Mark A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: This research note reports on the activities of the Multi-centre Analysis of the Dynamics of Internal Migration And Health (MADIMAH) project aimed at collating and testing of a set of tools to conduct longitudinal event history analyses applied to standardised Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) datasets. The methods are illustrated using an example of longitudinal micro-data from the Agincourt HDSS, one of a number of open access datasets available through the INDEPTH iShare2 data repository. The research note documents the experience of the MADIMAH group in analysing HDSS data and demonstrates how complex analyses can be streamlined and conducted in an accessible way. These tools are aimed at aiding analysts and researchers wishing to conduct longitudinal data analysis of demographic events.

Results: The methods demonstrated in this research note may successfully be applied by practitioners to longitudinal micro-data from HDSS, as well as retrospective surveys or register data. The illustrations provided are accompanied by detailed, tested computer programs, which demonstrate the full potential of longitudinal data to generate both cross-sectional and longitudinal standard descriptive estimates as well as more complex regression estimates.
Autotransplantation of mature impacted tooth to a fresh molar socket using a 3D replica and guided bone regeneration: a one year retrospective study
Authors: Wu Ye , Chen Jiaming , Xie Fuping , Liu Huanhuan , Niu Gang , Zhou Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of autotransplantation of a mature third molar to a fresh molar extraction socket using a 3D replica.

Materials and Methods

Ten patients underwent autotransplantation of teeth. We observed the mobility, percussion, radiography examination, the probing depth and the masticatory function of the transplanted teeth during one year following up, which were transplanted into fresh molar sockets by using a 3D replica, and GBR when it is necessary.

Results

The average extra-oral time of donor tooth had been shortened to 1.65 min. The clinical examination of the autotransplantation teeth during one year follow-up showed no sign of failure. Expect one patient feel slight sensitive when chewing with soft food at 4 weeks, and 3 points of probing depth deeper at different patients than 3mm and 1 points of probing depth deeper than 4mm at 4 weeks among them, and 1 points of probing depth deeper than 3mm at 5 weeks at the same patient.

Conclusions

The autotransplantation of teeth using 3D replica is an effective method which can reduce the extra-oral time of the donor teeth and the demand for the experience of a surgeon, and had a high success rate.

Clinical Relevance

The new 3D replica of donor tooth can make the surgery of tooth autotransplantation much easier, and improve it success rate.