bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory Outcomes in Patients Who Received Proton Radiotherapy for Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Bass Johnnie K. , Huang Jie , Hua Chia-Ho , Bhagat Shaum P. , Mendel Lisa Lucks , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Indelicato Daniel J. , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Compared to photon-based radiotherapy, protons deliver less radiation to healthy tissue resulting in the potential reduction of late complications such as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We report early auditory outcomes in children treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT) for craniopharyngioma.

Method
Conventional frequency (CF = 0.25–8.0 kHz) audiometry, extended high-frequency (EHF = 9.0–16.0 kHz) audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing, and speech-in-noise (SIN) assessments were prospectively and longitudinally conducted on 74 children with a median of 2 post-PRT evaluations (range, 1–5) per patient. The median age at PRT initiation was 10 years, and median follow-up time was 2 years. Ototoxicity was classified using the Chang Ototoxicity Grading Scale (Chang & Chinosornvatana, 2010) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) criteria (ASHA, 1994). Comparisons were made between baseline and most recent DPOAE levels, with evidence of ototoxicity based on criterion reductions of ≥ 6 dB. The critical difference values for comparing SIN scores between two conditions (i.e., pre- and post-PRT) were used to determine a significant change between test scores.

Results

At last evaluation, no patients had SNHL in the CF range, and 2 patients had SNHL (Chang Grade 1a) in the EHF range. Based on the ASHA criteria, a decrease in hearing was observed in 0 patients in the CF range alone, in 9 patients in the EHF range alone, and in 15 patients in both the CF and EHF ranges. DPOAE levels decreased at a faster rate at higher versus lower frequencies. For 41 evaluable patients, SIN perception did not decline over time (
p
= .6463).

Conclusion
At a median follow-up time of 2 years post-PRT, normal hearing was maintained within the CF range. However, subclinical decreases in hearing were observed, particularly in the EHF range and in the DPOAE level; thus, long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor for potential auditory late effects from PRT.
Testing the Hyperarticulation and Prosodic Hypotheses of Child-Directed Speech: Insights From the Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Child-Directed Cantonese Tones
Authors: Wong Puisan , Ng Kelly Wing Sum 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The function of child-directed speech has been debated for decades. This study examined the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of child- and adult-directed Cantonese tones to test the hyperarticulation and prosodic hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the acoustic modifications in child-directed speech.

Method
Sixty-two mother–child dyads participated in the study. The mothers verbally labeled 30 pictures in monosyllabic isolated words and in the final position of a carrier sentence to the experimenter and their 1- to 5-year-old children. The 8,634 adult- and child-directed productions were low-pass filtered to eliminate lexical information and presented to 5 judges for tone identification. Acoustic analysis was performed on the productions.

Results
Acoustically, child-directed tones were produced with an elevated pitch, and the pitch level decreased as the child's age increased. Acoustic contrasts between phonetically similar and more confusing tones were not enhanced in child-directed speech, and unexpectedly, child-directed tones were identified with a lower accuracy than adult-directed tones. The perceptual errors of child-directed tones mirrored the errors found in identifying tones excised from sentence-final position, which had a pitch-lowering effect on the tones. The lower perceptual accuracy, the lack of enhanced acoustic contrasts in confusing tone pairs, and the similarities in the error patterns in identifying tones in child-directed speech and tones in utterance-final position suggest that the acoustic modifications in child-directed tones are prosodic effects serving pragmatic purposes.

Conclusion
The findings reject the hyperarticulation hypothesis and support the prosodic hypothesis of child-directed speech.
Real‐time detection of distracted driving based on deep learning
Authors: Tran Duy , Manh Do Ha , Sheng Weihua , Bai He , Chowdhary Girish 
Published: August 2018

Driver distraction is a leading factor in car crashes. With a goal to reduce traffic accidents and improve transportation safety, this study proposes a driver distraction detection system which identifies various types of distractions through a camera observing the driver. An assisted driving testbed is developed for the purpose of creating realistic driving experiences and validating the distraction detection algorithms. The authors collected a dataset which consists of images of the drivers in both normal and distracted driving postures. Four deep convolutional neural networks including VGG‐16, AlexNet, GoogleNet, and residual network are implemented and evaluated on an embedded graphic processing unit platform. In addition, they developed a conversational warning system that alerts the driver in real‐time when he/she does not focus on the driving task. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline one which has only 256 neurons in the fully‐connected layers. Furthermore, the results indicate that the GoogleNet is the best model out of the four for distraction detection in the driving simulator testbed.
XZ: Deriving redshifts from X-ray spectra of obscured AGN
Authors: Simmonds C. , Buchner J. , Salvato M. , Hsu L.-T. , Bauer F. E. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Redshifts are fundamental for our understanding of extragalactic X-ray sources. Ambiguous counterpart associations, expensive optical spectroscopy, and/or multimission multiwavelength coverage to resolve degeneracies often make estimation difficult in practice.
Aims. We attempt to constrain redshifts of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) using only low-resolution X-ray spectra.
Methods. Our method for determining redshifts from the X-ray spectrum (XZ) fits AGN X-ray spectra with a moderately complex spectral model incorporating a corona, a torus obscurer, and a warm mirror. Using the Bayesian X-ray Astronomy (BXA) package, we constrain redshift, column density, photon index, and luminosity simultaneously. The redshift information primarily comes from absorption edges in Compton-thin AGN, and from the Fe Kα fluorescent line in heavily obscured AGN. A new generic background fitting method allows us to extract more information from limited numbers of source counts.
Results. We derive redshift constraints for 74/321 hard-band detected sources in the Chandra deep field South. Comparing with spectroscopic redshifts, we find an outlier fraction of 8%, indicating that our model assumptions are valid. For three Chandra deep fields, we release our XZ redshift estimates.
Conclusions. The independent XZ estimate is easy to apply and effective for a large fraction of obscured AGN in today’s deep surveys without the need for any additional data. Compared to different redshift estimation methods, XZ can resolve degeneracies in photometric redshifts, help detect potential association problems, and confirm uncertain single-line spectroscopic redshifts. With high spectral resolution and a large collecting area, this technique will be highly effective for Athena/WFI observations.
Lymphocytes NK : un rôle majeur dans le contrôle immunologique de la leucémie myéloïde chronique
Authors: Toubert Antoine , Turhan Ali , Guerci-Bresler Agnès , Dulphy Nicolas , Réa Delphine 
Published: August 2018

Les dernières études menées sur la leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle clé des cellules NK (natural killer) dans cette maladie avec trois enseignements majeurs : (1) au diagnostic, les cellules NK sont anormales dans leurs propriétés phénotypiques et fonctionnelles ; (2) un traitement standard par inhibiteur de tyrosine kinase (ITK) est associé à la correction de certaines anomalies, en particulier celles des lymphocytes NK ; (3) le taux du sous-type mature NK CD56dim pourrait être un facteur du maintien d’une survie sans rechute après une stratégie d’arrêt de traitement par ITK. Ces données renforcent le rôle des lymphocytes NK dans le contrôle immunologique de la LMC.
Les traitements hormonaux des mineurs transgenres, ou les obstacles de l’éthique médicale aujourd’hui
Authors: Bernier Ariel , Leplège Alain 
Published: August 2018

L’âge des mineurs qui réclament un traitement pour la dysphorie du genre (anciennement et encore couramment appelée « transgénérisme » ou « transsexualité ») ne cesse de reculer [1], mais un manque de consensus sur des traitements qui soient médicalement et éthiquement acceptables pour les individus prépubères, rend difficile leur prise en charge [2, 3]. Une étude des critères sur lesquels reposent les choix de traitement de ces patients, et plus particulièrement le blocage hormonal, révèle certains obstacles intrinsèques à l’éthique médicale qui empêchent l’élaboration d’une réponse claire et décisive. Nous verrons, dans cette revue, que les experts médicaux, les psychologues et les spécialistes de sciences humaines ne s’accordent pas sur l’origine et donc sur la définition du transgénérisme. Il est ainsi difficile de prendre en charge les individus concernés, l’éthique médicale tirant souvent aujourd’hui son autorité d’un accord général entre les experts. Nous analyserons également comment les risques du traitement proposé, ou les risques de refuser de donner ce traitement, peuvent également peser dans les débats d’éthique médicale, alors qu’ils sont évalués de plusieurs manières, certaines étant plus subjectives que d’autres. Finalement, reste la question difficile du consentement chez les mineurs. L’âge en deçà duquel le mineur ne peut prendre la responsabilité pour ses propres actes apparaît se modifier arbitrairement selon le thème abordé : avortements, traitements pour maladies sexuellement transmissibles, etc. Les débats autour du traitement hormonal des mineurs transgenres doivent donc tenir compte de ces considérations éthiques afin de pouvoir mieux les aider.
Les protéines Fe-S Wbl, de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour lutter contre la tuberculose
Authors: Guitton Jeanne , Bekara Miriam , Golinelli-Cohen Marie-Pierre 
Published: August 2018

Pour la troisième année, dans le cadre du module d’enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation » proposé par l’université Paris-sud, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé » de l’université Paris-Saclay se sont confrontés à l’écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné 8 articles scientifiques récents dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant des relations hôte-pathogène aux innovations thérapeutiques, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et le métabolisme. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l’équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité de l’article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l’écriture d’articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme ! Deux de ces Nouvelles sont publiées dans ce numéro, les autres le seront dans les prochains numéros de m/s.
Le microbiote intestinal de souris, un enjeu majeur dans la reproductibilité des résultats des modèles in vivo
Authors: Estavoyer Benjamin , Soudja Saidi 
Published: August 2018

Dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec médecine/sciences, et pour la seconde année, des étudiants du module d’immunologie virologie et cancer du Master de cancérologie de Lyon présentent une analyse d’articles scientifiques récents faisant état d’observations innovantes et importantes. Ce travail a été encadré par des chercheurs confirmés du département d’immunologie, virologie et inflammation du CRCL. Le master de cancérologie de Lyon (Lyon1-VetAgroSup) accueille chaque année 30 à 40 étudiants en M1 et en M2. Ce master dit « d’excellence » assure aux étudiants de M1 une formation à la cancérologie reposant sur un socle de base commun (biologie cellulaire, moléculaire, immunologie, bio-statistique…) En M2, les étudiants peuvent choisir l’une des trois spécialités suivantes : le Master recherche « Recherche en cancérologie », le Master recherche et professionnel « Technologie haut débit en cancérologie » et enfin le Master recherche et professionnel « Innovations thérapeutiques en cancérologie ». Le Master de cancérologie de Lyon repose sur une forte implication des chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs du laboratoire d’excellence en développement et cancérologie (LabEx DEVweCAN), ainsi que sur un partenariat solide avec plusieurs instituts dont le MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, États-Unis), l’université d’Harvard (Boston, États-Unis), l’université Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, États-Unis), l’Imperial College of London (Royaume-Uni), les universités de Jiao Tong (République Populaire de Chine) et de Tokyo (Japon), entre autres. Pour plus d’information : http://devwecan.universite-lyon.fr/formation/
Stéphane Leduc et la physique du vivant
Authors: Clément Raphaël 
Published: August 2018

Par quels mécanismes un organisme vivant, système d’une complexité physique étourdissante, émerge-t-il à partir d’un état initial très peu organisé ? Cette question a de tout temps constitué un défi conceptuel majeur pour les sciences naturelles.Vers 1900, Stéphane Leduc conçoit des expériences physiques dans lesquelles des formes jusque-là supposées spécifiques du vivant émergent spontanément. Il souligne les « facultés d’organisation » des forces physiques ordinaires qui, selon lui, président à la formation d’un organisme. Largement oubliées au 20esiècle durant l’ère génétique, ses idées préfigurent pourtant le concept moderne d’auto-organisation, et prennent tout leur sens aujourd’hui, alors que l’utilisation de concepts physiques explose en biologie du développement.
Rapid Authentication and Quality Evaluation of Cinnamomum verum Powder Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analyses
Authors: Shawky Eman , Selim Dina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParallel to the growing global interest in alternative medical therapies, high measures of counterfeit pharmaceuticals enter the global market and, therefore, detection of such marketed products is essential. This article throws an illuminating spot on the adulteration of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) with Cinnamomum cassia and exhaustively extracted C. verum. A speedy and nondestructive near-infrared method in conjunction with the mathematical tools of chemometrics was used to distinguish between genuine cinnamon and its common adulterants. The principal component analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis models successfully discriminated between unadulterated and adulterated samples. In the second part of the work, soft independent modeling of class analogy was implemented to construct a chemometric model to authenticate C. verum samples. The constructed model could successfully predict and judge the quality of C. verum powder without any misleading predictions. Finally, partial least squares regression was approached to establish the correlation for adulterated samples regarding their cassia and exhausted cinnamon content. The R2
of calibration and validation were all higher than 0.9, while the root mean square errors were all lower than 0.05, indicating that the established models were successful. Overall, the developed models were shown to have significant potential as time-saving and accurate methods for identification of true cinnamon powder, which can help guarantee both quality aspects of identity and purity of the herbal drug by avoiding its adulteration and could be implemented as a routine screening in its quality control with no need for any sample preparation.
Clinical utility of novel ultrathin single-balloon enteroscopy: a feasibility study
Authors: Takabayashi Kaoru , Hosoe Naoki , Miyanaga Ryoichi , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Kimura Kayoko , Mizuno Shinta , Naganuma Makoto , Yahagi Naohisa , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background The advent of balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) has facilitated the examination of the entire digestive tract. However, using a rigid sliding tube during the procedure reduces patient acceptance. This study evaluated the clinical application of a newly developed ultrathin single-balloon enteroscope for BAE.
Methods 28 outpatients underwent enteroscopy with a novel ultrathin single-balloon enteroscope. None of the subjects required therapeutic procedures, such as balloon dilation or hemostasis. The insertability, efficacy, and safety of the ultrathin single-balloon endoscope were evaluated retrospectively.
Results 7 patients underwent transoral enteroscopy and 21 patients underwent transanal enteroscopy under conscious sedation. No adverse events related to the procedure were reported in any patients. Targeted observation and/or targeted biopsy were achieved in all procedures. All transoral procedures allowed evaluation of the jejunum beyond the ligament of Treitz. All transanal procedures allowed intubation of the terminal ileum, despite several patients having severe stenosis of the colon and ileum.
Conclusion A novel ultrathin single-balloon enteroscope showed adequate insertability and safety for outpatient surveillance enteroscopy under conscious sedation.
Why Do the Patients with Hirschsprung Disease Get Redo Pull-Through Operation?
Authors: Han Ji-Won , Youn Joong Kee , Oh Chaeyoun , Kim Hyun-Young , Jung Sung-Eun , Park Kwi-Won 
Published: August 2018

Introduction The treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD) is pull-through (PT) surgery. Redo PT can be performed in 1 to 10% of patients after initial PT. In this study, we reviewed the causes and associated factors of redo PT.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 657 patients with HD who underwent surgeries between September 1979 and January 2016. The indications for redo PT are as follows. First, there were persistent obstructive symptoms after the first operation, (1) with transition zone shown definitely on contrast study, (2) with anatomic problems, and (3) obstructive symptoms persist despite conservative or nonredo surgical treatment without (1) and (2). We analyzed the causes and associated factors of redo PT.
Results A total of 49 (7.5%) patients underwent redo PT. Among them, 41 and 8 patients underwent PT twice and three times, respectively. Among 57 cases of redo, the causes of redo included pathologic problem (n = 28)—aganglionosis (n = 20), hypoganglionosis (n = 4), immature ganglion cell (n = 4)—or anatomic problem (n = 21)—stricture (n = 13), fistula and/or abscess (n = 8) at anastomosis. Comparing associated factors between the nonredo and redo groups, the redo group had longer initial PT operation time (p = 0.001), more postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and more transanal endorectal PT (TERPT) approach as initial PTs (p < 0.001). According to causes of redo, the anatomic problem group underwent more third PTs than the pathologic problem group (p = 0.010).
Conclusion Approximately 7.5% of patients experienced redo PT. The cause of redo included pathologic (n = 28) or anatomic problem (n = 21). Longer operation time, more complications, and TERPT were associated with redo. The anatomic problem group underwent more third PTs than the pathologic problem group.
Leveraging Patient-Reported Outcomes Using Data Visualization
Authors: Grossman Lisa , Feiner Steven , Mitchell Elliot , Masterson Creber Ruth 
Published: August 2018

Background Health care organizations increasingly use patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to capture patients' health status. Although federal policy mandates PRO collection, the challenge remains to better engage patients in PRO surveys, and ensure patients comprehend the surveys and their results.
Objective This article identifies the design requirements for an interface that assists patients with PRO survey completion and interpretation, and then builds and evaluates the interface.
Methods We employed a user-centered design process that consisted of three stages. First, we conducted qualitative interviews and surveys with 13 patients and 11 health care providers to understand their perceptions of the value and challenges associated with the use of PRO measures. Second, we used the results to identify design requirements for an interface that collects PROs, and designed the interface. Third, we conducted usability testing with 12 additional patients in a hospital setting.
Results In interviews, patients and providers reported that PRO surveys help patients to reflect on their symptoms, potentially identifying new opportunities for improved care. However, 6 out of 13 patients reported significant difficultly in understanding PRO survey questions, answer choices and results. Therefore, we identified aiding comprehension as a key design requirement, and incorporated visualizations into our interface design to aid comprehension. In usability testing, patients found the interface highly usable.
Conclusion Future interfaces designed to collect PROs may benefit from employing strategies such as visualization to aid comprehension and engage patients with surveys.
Detection of de novo copy number deletions from targeted sequencing of trios
Authors: Fu Jack M , Leslie Elizabeth J , Scott Alan F , Murray Jeffrey C , Marazita Mary L , Beaty Terri H , Scharpf Robert B , Ruczinski Ingo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
De novo copy number deletions have been implicated in many diseases, but there is no formal method to date that identifies de novo deletions in parent-offspring trios from capture-based sequencing platforms.

Results
We developed Minimum Distance for Targeted Sequencing (MDTS) to fill this void. MDTS has similar sensitivity (recall), but a much lower false positive rate compared to less specific CNV callers, resulting in a much higher positive predictive value (precision). MDTS also exhibited much better scalability.

Availability and implementation
MDTS is freely available as open source software from the Bioconductor repository.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fishing efficiency of biodegradable PBSAT gillnets and conventional nylon gillnets used in Norwegian cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) fisheries
Authors: Grimaldo Eduardo , Herrmann Bent , Vollstad Jørgen , Su Biao , Moe Føre Heidi , Larsen Roger B , Tatone Ivan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fishing trials were carried out to compare the relative fishing efficiency of gillnets made of a new biodegradable resin (polybutylene succinate co-adipate-co-terephthalate, PBSAT) with conventional (nylon) nets. The fishing trials covered two consecutive fishing seasons (2016 and 2017) for cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) in northern Norway. Results generally showed better catch rates for the nylon gillnets. The biodegradable PBSAT gillnets caught 50.0% and 26.6% fewer cod, and 41.0% and 22.5% fewer saithe than the nylon gillnets in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Even though the relative catch efficiency of the biodegradable gillnets was slightly better in 2017 than in 2016, the difference with respect to the catch efficiency of nylon gillnets may be too large for biodegradable gillnets to be accepted by fishermen if they were available commercially. Tensile strength measurements of the nylon and biodegradable PBSAT gillnets carried out before and after the fishing trials showed that the both types of gillnets had significant reductions in tensile strength and elongation at break, especially in 2017. Although less catch efficient than nylon gillnets, biodegradable PBSAT gillnets show great potential for reducing ghost fishing and plastic pollution at sea, which are major problems in these fisheries.