bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QCD phase diagram in the
T–eB
plane for varying pion mass
Authors: Ali Mahammad Sabir , Islam Chowdhury Aminul , Sharma Rishi 
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of a varying pion mass on the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram in the presence of an external magnetic field, aiming to understand it, for the first time, using Nambu–Jona-Lasinio like effective models. We compare results from both its local and nonlocal versions. In both cases, we find that the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) near the crossover is eliminated with increasing pion mass, while the decreasing trend of crossover temperature with increasing magnetic field persists for pion mass values at least up to 440 MeV. Thus, the models are capable of capturing qualitatively the results found by lattice QCD (LQCD) for heavy (unphysical) pions. The key feature in the models is the incorporation of the effect of a reduction in the coupling constant with increasing energy. Along with reproducing the IMC effect, it enables models to describe the effects of heavier current quark masses without introducing additional parameters. For the local NJL model, this agreement depends on how the parameters of the model are fit at the physical point. In this respect, the nonlocal version, which, due to its formulation, automatically exhibits the IMC effect around the crossover region, captures the physics more naturally. We further use the nonlocal framework to determine the pion mass beyond which the IMC effect around the transition region does not exist anymore.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Field-theory action for the constructive standard model
Authors: Christensen Neil 
Published: November 2024

We introduce a field-theory framework in which fields transform under the little group, rather than the Lorentz group, specific to each particle type. By utilizing these fields, along with spinor products and the x factor, we construct a field-theory action that naturally reproduces the vertices of the constructive standard model (CSM). This approach eliminates unphysical components, significantly reduces the degrees of freedom compared to traditional field theory, and offers deeper insights into the power of constructive amplitudes. Our action is momentum-conserving, Lorentz-invariant, Hermitian, and nonlocal. We also discuss this as a framework for developing new constructive field theories, discussing their essential properties and potential applicability in renormalization theory and nonperturbative calculations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
COVID-19 as a driver for e-participation: insights from participatory budgeting in Poland
Authors: Roztocki Narcyz , Strzelczyk Wojciech , Weistroffer Heinz Roland 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis paper explores how COVID-19 has impacted the shift from public participation by conventional means to e-participation. Specifically, we investigated to what extent COVID-19 has been a driver for electronic participation in community participatory budgeting, which is a kind of residents’ consultation on how to spend part of a budget on local projects. We expounded on the concept of e-participation and its sub-concepts and investigated how these were applicable to participatory budgeting.Design/methodology/approachWe interviewed 34 leading managers in five City Halls in Poland regarding their views and experiences with moving public interactions related to participatory budgeting online during COVID-19.FindingsThe findings indicated that COVID-19 has accelerated the digitalization of the participatory budgeting processes and, to some extent, may have increased community participation in general. We observed increased e-participation in the forms of e-consultation, e-deliberation, e-lobbying and e-voting.Originality/valueMainly, this study contributed to the field by providing empirical evidence that COVID-19 increased various forms of e-participation as related to participatory budgeting. Moreover, we delineated various forms of e-participation and mapped them to activities in participatory budgeting.
Financial stability at risk: evidence from market overreaction and herding behaviour in developed and emerging markets
Authors: Loang Ooi Kok 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study examines the relationships between herding behaviour, market overreaction and financial stability in developed and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICS) markets from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. It identifies the significant differences in these phenomena across different market types and their implications for financial stability.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs panel data regression, quantile regression, Granger causality tests and the Baron and Kenny mediation model to analyse the data. These methods are used to explore the extent to which herding behaviour exacerbates market overreaction and affects financial stability.FindingsThe results reveal that herding behaviour exacerbates short-term market overreaction, leading to increased financial instability, particularly in BRICS markets. In contrast, herding behaviour does not significantly impact intermediate-term overreactions in developed markets. The study also finds that market overreaction significantly mediates the relationship between herding behaviour and financial stability.Practical implicationsThese findings have practical implications for policymakers. Understanding how herding behaviour and market overreaction impact financial stability can help formulate strategies to enhance market stability and mitigate systemic risks, particularly in more volatile BRICS markets.Social implicationsEnhanced financial stability has broad social implications, including improved investor confidence and economic growth. Policymakers can use these insights to create more stable financial environments, which can lead to more robust economic development and reduced vulnerability to financial crises.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights into the differential impact of herding behaviour and market overreaction on financial stability in developed and BRICS markets. By confirming the mediating role of market overreaction, this study enhances our understanding of financial market anomalies and contributes to the literature on financial stability.
Exploring peer-to-peer lending: key influences of firm uncertainty, loan features and venture quality
Authors: Del Sarto Nicola 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of success in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending campaigns, especially amid global financial disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing a notable gap in current research, we explore how factors such as firm uncertainty, loan characteristics (interest rates and maturity) and venture quality (human, social and intellectual capital) influence P2P lending effectiveness. Using multiple regression analysis on data from 523 projects on the October platform, our study aims to enhance the understanding and operational efficiency of P2P platforms, contributing to a more resilient financial ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a quantitative research design using multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of specific variables on the success of P2P lending campaigns. Data were collected from 523 concluded P2P lending projects on the October platform, spanning from 2015 to 2021. Variables of interest include the level of uncertainty of the firm, loan characteristics such as interest rate and maturity and the quality of the venture assessed through human, social and intellectual capital. This method allows for a robust analysis of the factors contributing to the success of P2P lending within a dynamic financial context.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that the success of P2P lending campaigns is significantly influenced by the level of uncertainty of the firm, the interest rate of the loan and the quality of the venture. Specifically, higher uncertainty in firms correlates negatively with campaign success, while competitive interest rates positively impact funding outcomes. Furthermore, ventures that demonstrate robust human capital, particularly those with management teams that possess diverse skills and high qualifications, tend to attract more funding. These results underscore the critical role of strategic financial and human resource planning in enhancing the effectiveness of P2P lending platforms.Originality/valueThis study contributes uniquely to the literature by integrating multiple variables – firm uncertainty, loan characteristics and venture quality – into a comprehensive analysis of success factors in P2P lending. It addresses the scarcity of research examining the combined effects of these factors, particularly in the context of global financial disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. By focusing on a specific European platform during a dynamic period, this research provides new insights into how P2P lending can adapt to and thrive amid financial crises. The findings offer valuable guidance for both practitioners and policymakers aiming to optimize P2P lending practices in uncertain economic landscapes.
Creating a content validation process to advance a campus-wide leadership framework
Authors: Kaufman Ariel L. , Kueppers Mark R. 
Published: November 2024

PurposeA content validation process of an institutional leadership framework is described for leadership educators in higher education. We created this process to further integrate our leadership framework across campus, maintain alignment with advancements in leadership research and ensure it is broadly inclusive and culturally responsive.Design/methodology/approachOur approach included seven essential design elements and was informed by a review of leadership frameworks in practice and the literature, validation studies and a comprehensive document review.FindingsOur approach yielded a validated leadership framework with modifications to its principles, values, competencies and outcomes. Modifications addressed pre-determined criteria and were deemed relevant to leadership research and our institutional context.Originality/valueThe external content validation process of our leadership framework is novel and serves as a valuable guide for those considering opportunities to strengthen their own institutional approaches to leadership education.
Dynamic fine‐tuning of anti‐predator behaviour in snowshoe hares illustrates the context dependence of risk effects
Authors: Wirsing Aaron 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch Highlight: Shiratsuru, S., & Pauli, J. N. (2024). Food‐safety trade‐offs drive dynamic behavioural antipredator responses among snowshoe hares. Journal of Animal Ecology, DOI: 10.1111/1365‐2656.14183. Predation‐risk effects are known to be context dependent, with impacts of perceived predation threat on individual antipredator responses, prey population demography, species interactions and community organization hinging on traits of the prey, the predator(s) and setting of the interaction. Yet, few empirical studies to date have simultaneously explored how these three drivers shape contingency in antipredator behaviour, the key first step in the process by which predation‐risk effects play out, especially in free‐living vertebrates. In a new study, Shiratsuru & Pauli (2024) address this knowledge deficit by showing that snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) trade foraging for anti‐predator vigilance dynamically as a function of winter food availability (a proxy for individual energetic state), the timing and intensity of predator activity, and environmental properties associated with elevated vulnerability to predator‐induced mortality, notably including coat colour mismatch caused by variation in snow cover. These results offer new insight into the complexity of predation‐risk effects and should serve as a guide for research aiming to better understand the expression of these effects under varying circumstances.
Fertiloscopy and its place in the gynaecologist's armamentarium
Authors: McNamara Stewart , Davis Kimberley J. , Reyftmann Lionel 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundInfertility is a prevalent issue worldwide. Current investigation of female pelvic infertility uses transabdominal laparoscopy, exposing patients to its associated risks. An alternative method is fertiloscopy, comprising hysteroscopy, tubal dye studies, and transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (TVHL), falling under the broader category of VNOTES. This study reviews fertiloscopy cases in Australia to assess its role in managing infertility.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of 76 cases was performed with review of imaging results, fertiloscopy findings and interventions, and fertility outcomes. Statistical analysis was conducted via R Studio v4.1 with means and averages used for descriptive data and a Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance test used to evaluate differences in continuous variables. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to describe cumulative pregnancy incidence, with differences evaluated using log‐rank tests. Statistical tests were two‐tailed, and a P‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf 76 cases, 70 underwent fertiloscopy and 35 an intra‐operative intervention. Of the cohort, 53 conceived, 18 spontaneously. The highest chance of spontaneous conception was 44% by day 283. The failure rate of fertiloscopy was 5.3%, and complications occurred in 1.3% of cases.DiscussionThe highest chance of spontaneous conception post‐fertiloscopy was 44% by day 283, possibly indicating the time between the procedure and referral to reproductive therapies. This study identified a low associated failure and complication rate, supporting fertiloscopy as a low‐risk procedure.ConclusionDespite limitations, this study highlights spontaneous pregnancy outcomes and associated low complication and failure rates, emphasising fertiloscopy's role in managing infertility in Australia as a lower risk surgical alternative to standard laparoscopy.
Prevalence and Correlates of Meeting Physical Activity and Screen Time Guidelines Among Children of English‐ and Non‐English‐Speaking Backgrounds in Australia
Authors: Paudel Susan , Veitch Jenny , Mishra Gita D. , Tooth Leigh R. , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLimited evidence suggests inequality in the prevalence of physical activity and screen time for children of non‐English‐speaking backgrounds (NESB). However, factors associated with these behaviours are understudied. This study identified the prevalence and correlates of meeting guidelines (physical activity, screen time and combined) among children of English‐speaking backgrounds (ESB) and NESB.MethodsParticipants were from the Mothers and their Children's Health Study, a sub‐study of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (1973–1978 cohort). Mothers provided information on physical activity and screen time behaviours of up to three children (aged 2–12 years). Age‐specific Australian guidelines were used to classify children as meeting or not meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines. Those born in a non‐English‐speaking country or primarily speaking a non‐English language at home were classified as ‘NESB’. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses accounting for family‐level clustering were used for analysis.ResultsData were from 4143 children (mean age 7.3 ± 2.9 years, 6.7% NESB). Around 17% children of NESB met physical activity guidelines (vs. 25% ESB, p = 0.002), 63% met screen time guidelines (vs. 58% ESB, p = 0.150), and 9% met combined physical activity and screen time guidelines (vs. 15% ESB, p = 0.011). Increasing age was inversely associated with meeting physical activity guidelines among children of both backgrounds (OR [95%CI]: NESB 0.81 [0.69–0.95], ESB 0.85 [0.82–0.87]). Family‐level correlates (maternal education and physical activity level) were associated with meeting physical activity, screen time or combined guidelines among children of ESB only. A screen device in the child's bedroom was inversely associated with all outcomes among children of ESB. Children of NESB with a large yard at home had higher odds of meeting physical activity (4.14 [1.72–10.00]) and combined guidelines (4.48 [1.61–12.41]).ConclusionsChildren of NESB were less likely to meet physical activity and combined guidelines. Interventions may need to be tailored based on ESB background, with children of NESB (particularly older children and those with limited outdoor space at home) being a higher priority for intervention. Future large‐scale studies examining a broader range of potential correlates, including cultural factors, are warranted.
Hospital Dental Admissions and Caries Experience Among Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Population‐Based Record Linkage Cohort Study
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Bowden Nicholas , Dacombe Joanne , McLay Laurie , Lee Martin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWithin Aotearoa | New Zealand, rates of largely preventable severe caries and dental hospitalisations among children are increasing and inequalities exist. However, little population‐based empirical evidence exists describing this oral health burden among children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). This study aimed to estimate and compare the rates of dental hospital admissions in a near‐national population of children aged ≤ 14 years with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, intellectual disability or any NDD after accounting for key confounding variables. Caries status for these children was derived from an oral health screening at 4 years and also examined.MethodsThe cohort were children who had their B4 School Check (B4SC) national health screening assessment undertaken between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2018 and followed until 1 January 2020 (the study end date). Linked administrative databases, which include NDD indication and dental hospital records, were utilised. Dental hospital admissions were assessed using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models treating NDD as a discrete time‐varying covariate. Caries status at 4 years of age was investigated cross‐sectionally and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve used to assess predictive accuracy.ResultsThe eligible sample included 433 569 children (48.6% female) with a mean age of 9.3 years at the study end date. Overall, 16 359 (3.8%) children had at least one NDD indication and 38 574 (8.9%) had at least one dental hospitalisation. In adjusted analyses, the hazard ratio of dental hospitalisation admissions was 3.40 (95% CI: 3.22–3.60) for children indicated with any NDD compared to their non‐NDD counterparts. At 4 years of age B4SC screening, 465 (17.6%) children out of 2640 indicated with any NDD had visible caries compared to 61 026 (14.3%) from 427 254 children without NDD indication (prevalence ratio = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.14–1.35]). However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this association was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.51–0.52), suggesting negligible predictive capacity.ConclusionChildren with NDDs in Aotearoa, New Zealand suffer from substantial oral health inequities. Targeted preventive strategies and adaptation to primary oral health services are needed to meet the needs of neurodiverse children and redress this substantial inequity. However, targeting children with NDDs at the B4SC is unlikely to mitigate these oral health inequities.
Evaluation of drug–drug interactions of a novel potent FLT3 inhibitor SKLB1028 in healthy subjects
Authors: Chen Jingcheng , Wu Jingxuan , Guo Nini , Song Yuqin , Li Lijun , Wang Bingyan , Li Jiangshuo , Hou Mengyu , Yin Hang , Zhang Meijuan , Kong Yanhong , Wu Xiaofang , Li Ran , Wu Le , Gao Qiannan , Dong Ruihua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSKLB1028 is a novel multi‐target protein kinase inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of FLT3‐ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Based on the preclinical characterization of SKLB1028 metabolism, three drug–drug interaction clinical studies were performed to investigate the effects of itraconazole, rifampin (CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer, respectively), and gemfibrozil (CYP2C8 inhibitor) on the metabolism of SKLB1028. Fourteen healthy Chinese male subjects were enrolled in each study. In Study 1, subjects were administered a single dose of SKLB1028 (100 mg on days 1 and 11) and multiple doses of itraconazole (200 mg twice daily on day 8 and 200 mg once daily from days 9 to 18). Itraconazole was given with a loading dose on Day 8 and the total administration of itraconazole was 11 days. In Study 2, subjects were administered a single dose of SKLB1028 (100 mg on days 1 and 12) and multiple doses of gemfibrozil (600 mg twice daily from days 8 to 19). In Study 3, subjects were administered a single dose of SKLB1028 (150 mg on days 1 and 15) and multiple doses of rifampin (600 mg once daily from day 8 to 22). Itraconazole increased the AUC and Cmax of SKLB1028 by approximately 28% and 41%, respectively. Compared to the single drug, co‐administration with gemfibrozil increased the AUC of SKLB1028 by ~26% and the Cmax by ~21%. Co‐administration with rifampin reduced the AUC of SKLB1028 by ~30%, while the Cmax did not change significantly. All treatments were well tolerated in all three studies.
Concentration‐QTcF analysis of quizartinib in patients with newly diagnosed FLT3‐internal‐tandem‐duplication‐positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vaddady Pavan , Smania Giovanni , Nakayama Shintaro , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kurumaddali Abhinav , Abutarif Malaz , Zheng Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuizartinib prolongs QT interval through inhibition of the slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs). We used non‐linear mixed‐effects modeling to explore the relationship between quizartinib and its pharmacologically active metabolite AC886 and the Fridericia‐corrected QT interval (QTcF) in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We evaluated linear and non‐linear drug effect models, using triplicate QTcF measurements with available time‐matched pharmacokinetic samples from the Phase 3 QuANTUM‐First trial. The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on model parameters was tested using stepwise covariate model building. Simulations were conducted to predict the change from baseline in QTcF (ΔQTcF) at the maximum concentration at steady‐state (Cmax,ss) for quizartinib maintenance daily doses of 30 and 60 mg. The concentration‐QTcF (C‐QTcF) relationship was best described by a sigmoidal maximum effect model. After accounting for the effect of quizartinib, including AC886 concentrations did not further explain changes in QTcF. Circadian variations in QTcF were described using an empirical change from baseline based on clock times. Age and hypokalaemia were identified as statistically significant covariates on baseline QTcF; no covariates were found to impact the C‐QTcF relationship. The median model‐predicted ΔQTcF at Cmax,ss was 18.4 ms (90% confidence interval (CI): 16.3–20.5) at 30 mg and 24.1 ms (90% CI: 21.4–26.6) at 60 mg. In conclusion, in newly diagnosed AML patients, ΔQTcF increased non‐linearly with increasing quizartinib concentrations. The predicted ΔQTcF increase at Cmax,ss supports the proposed dose adaptation based on observed QTcF and the dose reduction in case of strong cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitors coadministration.