bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O estudo de Grafos: uma proposta investigativa<br>The study of Graphs: an investigative proposal
Authors: Baltazar Rene , Pereira Letícia 
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo é uma experimentação acerca da abordagem estudo por investigação, com ênfase em Grafos. A proposta apresentada nesse trabalho tem como enfoque a elaboração de um ensaio sobre a inserção do Algoritmo de Dijkstra no Ensino de Matemática. Para isso, propõe-se o desenvolvimento de uma atividade pautada no ensino por investigação, onde os alunos foram instigados a resolver determinados problemas totalmente construídos com dados reais e com informações do âmbito da escola. Durante o desenvolvimento dessa experimentação, surgiram peculiaridades que nos fizeram validar a inserção de uma abordagem baseada no ensino por investigação destacando a importância do estudo da Teoria de Grafos na Educação Básica. This paper presents an experimentation based on the study by investigation with emphasis in the Theory of the Graphs. The proposal presented in this paper focuses on the elaboration of an essay on the insertion of the Dijkstra Algorithm in Mathematics Education. In order to elaborate this, it is proposed the development of an activity based on study by investigation, where the students were instigated to solve certain problems totally constructed with real data and with information of the scope of the school. During the development of this experiment, peculiarities appeared that allowed us to validate the insertion of an approach based on study by investigation and finally observing the importance of the study of Graph Theory in Basic Education.
In Vitro Investigation of Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity of the Corm Extract of Hypoxis Argentea Harv. Ex Baker
Authors: Akinrinde Akinleye , Koekemoer Trevor , Venter Maryna Van De , Bradley Graeme 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The corms of Hypoxis argentea are widely used as a traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus in South Africa. In this study, we investigated the effects of non-toxic concentrations (12.5-100 μg mL-1) of the aqueous extract of H. argentea (HAA) corms on glucose uptake, pancreatic beta cell proliferation, and adipocyte differentiation. HAA stimulated glucose uptake in HepG2 cells up to 19.6 % and 17.0 % in L6 myotubes. Live-cell imaging microscopy revealed significant increases (p < 0.001) in total INS-1 cell numbers exposed to HAA, although no effect was observed on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. HAA produced weak to moderate inhibition of porcine pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activities, as well as protein glycation. Our results suggest that the acclaimed anti-diabetic effects of H. argentea could be mediated by its promotion of glucose utilization and preservation of pancreatic beta cell populations while preventing fat accumulation in adipocytes.
Catha Edulis Active Principle, Cathinone, Suppresses Motor Coordination, Accelerates Anxiety and Alters the Levels of Dopamine and its Metabolites in the Limbic Areas of Male Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Safhi Mohammed M. , Alam Mohammad Firoz , Khuwaja Gulrana , Hussain Sohail , Siddiqui Mohammed Hakeem , Islam Farah , Khardali Ibrahim , Al-Sanosi Rashad Mohammed , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Khan Andleeb , Islam Fakhrul 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cathinone, the active principle of khat (Catha edulis), stimulates, excites and produces euphoric feelings in khat users. Locomotor and rearing activities, either individual or in groups, of male Swiss albino mice were decreased significantly compared to the control. Motor coordination tests (rotarod, rope climb and grip tests) have shown decreased motor performance in the mice treated with cathinone compared to the control. The elevated plus maze test has shown significant anxiety in the mice compared to the control. Contents of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, were increased in the limbic areas compared to the control group. In contrast, contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid were depleted significantly and dose dependently compared to the control group in the limbic areas of mice. In conclusion, natural cathinone has depleted motor coordination, accelerated anxiety in mice and altered the contents of dopamine and its metabolites.
Molecular Evidence of Q Fever Agent Coxiella Burnetii in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Stray Dogs in Belgrade (Serbia)
Authors: Bogunović Danica , Stević Nataša , Sidi-Boumedine Karim , Mišić Dušan , Tomanović Snežana , Kulišić Zoran , Magaš Vladimir , Radojičić Sonja 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative coccobacillus, which has been detected in a wide range of animal species, mostly domestic ruminants, but also in wild mammals, pets, birds, reptiles, arthropods (especially ticks), as well as in humans. Although the exposure to domestic animals in rural areas is regarded as the most common cause of the disease in humans, recent studies have shown that the role of pets in the epidemiology of Q fever has been increasingly growing. Although the primary route of infection is inhalation, it is presumed that among animals the infection circulates through ticks and that they are responsible for heterospecifi c transmission, as well as spatial dispersion among vertebrates. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of C. burnetii in ticks removed from stray dogs, as well as to examine the distribution of tick species parasitizing dogs on the territory of Belgrade city. A PCR protocol targeting IS1111 repetitive transposon-like region of C. burnetii was used for the detection of C. burnetii DNA in ticks and the results were confi rmed by sequence analysis. In total, 316 ticks were collected from 51 stray dogs - 40 females (78.43%) and 11 males (21.57%). Three species of ticks were identifi ed: Rhipicephalus s anguineus (72.15%), Ixodes ricinus (27.53%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.32%). Out of 316 examined ticks, C. burnetii DNA was detected only in the brown dog tick R. sanguineus, with a total prevalence of 10.53% (24/228) . The high prevalence of C. burnetii in R. sanguineus, which is primarily a dog tick, indicates the importance of dogs in the epidemiology of Q fever in the territory of Belgrade.
Effect of Subclinical and Overt Form of Rat Maternal Hypothyroidism on Offspring Endochondral Bone Formation
Authors: Milošević Ivan , Radovanović Anita , Danilović Luković Jelena , Lužajić Božinovski Tijana , Sourice-Petit Sophie , Beck-Cormier Sarah , Guicheux Jerome , Branislav Vejnović , Kovačevič Filipović Milica 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism in its overt form affects skeletal development of the offspring, but these data are not available for the subclinical form which is becoming very frequent among pregnant women. We hypothesized that the subclinical form of hypothyroidism in rat dams, infl uences the process of offspring endochondral ossifi cation affecting proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts in pups. Seven-day-old male pups (n=18) derived from control dams and dams treated with a low dose (1.5 mg/L) or high dose (150 mg/L) of propylthiouracil in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation were used. Histomorphometric analysis of pups’ tibia proximal growth plate, expression of mRNA, immunohistochemical and histochemical visualization of extracellular matrix components was performed. The length of the tibia was reduced in hypothyroid pups. Secretion of type 2 and 10 collagens in the subclinical and overt form were lower while the amount of glycosaminoglycans was higher when compared with controls. Down-regulated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase mRNA indicated altered osteoclasts function while lower expression of dentin matrix acid protein-1 mRNA and reduced synthesis of type 1 collagen accentuated a compromised bone formation in the overt form of hypothyroidism. The subclinical form of maternal hypothyroidism had a negative effect on the differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes and calcifi ed cartilage removal in 7-day-old pups. In addition, overt hypothyroidism had a negative effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes and deposition of osteoid. Both forms of hypothyroidism resulted in a decrease of tibia length due to changes in growth plate formation.
Phacoemulsification for Cataract Secondary to Persistent Hyperplastic Tunica Vasculosa Lentis and Peristent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous in a Welsh Corgi
Authors: Mu-Young Kim , Joon Young Kim , Hun-Young Yoon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 7-month-old Cardigan Welsh Corgi was presented with rapid cataract formation. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed mature cataract in the left eye. Ultrasonography revealed a microphakic lens and the presence of a cord-like structure extending from the posterior lens to the optic disc. On the basis of ophthalmological examinations, a diagnosis of cataract secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous was made. Routine phacoemulsifi cation with a capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation were performed. Although a blood-fi lled vasculature with focal hemorrhage was observed during surgery, we did not fenestrate the posterior capsule or cut the hyaloid artery. We only polished the posterior capsule carefully for 2 min. At 22 days after surgery, Doppler ultrasonography did not detect blood fl ow within the cord-like structure, and the implanted intraocular lens appeared clear without fi brin formation or posterior capsule opacifi cation. The fi ndings from this case suggest that routine cataract surgery is an optimal surgical treatment for persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst case report of phacoemulsifi cation with intraocular lens implantation for persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a Welsh Corgi.
How sulphur dioxide and storage temperature contribute to patulin degradation in homemade apple juice
Authors: Bevardi Martina , Petrović Marinko , Markov Ksenija , Bošnir Jasna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Mycotoxin patulin is one of the quality indicators for apple juice. Like other mycotoxins, it raises consumer health concerns. The issue of low quality is particularly relevant for apples provided by small producers, whose quality control may not be standardised. As sulphur dioxide (SO2) is common in fruit preservation against fungi, the aim of this study was to determine how efficient it is in degrading patulin in apple juices stored in real-life conditions. This included refrigerated (4 °C) and non-refrigerated warehouses/environments (30 °C) over 8, 10, 12, and 20 weeks of storage. Apple juice was diluted to 0.010 μg g-1, 0.050 μg g-1, and 0.100 μg g-1 of patulin. SO2 was added to each sample in the amounts of 250 μg mL-1 and 50 μg mL-1. Untreated juice samples for each patulin concentration served as controls under the same experimental conditions. Patulin content was determined with high performance liquid chromatography. The best degradation was observed with 250 μg mL-1 of SO2 at 30 °C regardless of the patulin baseline concentration. Although treatment with SO2 and refrigeration did not fully remove patulin, it was highly efficient over twelve weeks of storage. Our results suggest that patulin levels can be reduced between 33 and 100 % at 30 °C and up to 100 % at 4 °C.
Employment status of workers with a diagnosed occupational disease in Croatia: a 10-year trend (2005-2014)
Authors: Nemarnik Renata Ecimović , Macan Jelena 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Occupational diseases (ODs) often have a chronic, progressive course, resulting in reduced work capacity and quality of life, prolonged sick leaves, unemployment, early retirements, and disability claims. The aim of this retrospective study was to see how diagnosed ODs affected the employment of 95 Croatian workers between 2005 and 2014. To do that, we reviewed archived data and made a telephone survey. The lowest age at which an OD was diagnosed was 20 years in women and 22 in men, while the shortest duration of work before OD diagnosis was one year for both genders. The most common ODs were overuse syndromes on the arms, carpal tunnel syndrome in particular, diagnosed mostly in textile and office workers. Of the 95 participants, 12 lost their jobs since the OD diagnosis, 46 retired, and 37 continued to work. Significantly more participants became unemployed after OD diagnosis in the period 2010-2014 than 2005-2009 (9 out of 43, 21 %, vs. 3 out of 52, 6 %, P<0.05). Only five participants were included in an occupational rehabilitation programme. Our findings warn against the deterioration in care for workers diagnosed with OD in Croatia.
An Ant–Based Filtering Random–Finite–Set Approach to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Authors: Li Demeng , Zhua Jihong , Xu Benlian , Lu Mingli , Li Mingyue 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Inspired by ant foraging, as well as modeling of the feature map and measurements as random finite sets, a novel formulation in an ant colony framework is proposed to jointly estimate the map and the vehicle trajectory so as to solve a feature-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. This so-called ant-PHD-SLAM algorithm allows decomposing the recursion for the joint map-trajectory posterior density into a jointly propagated posterior density of the vehicle trajectory and the posterior density of the feature map conditioned on the vehicle trajectory. More specifically, an ant-PHD filter is proposed to jointly estimate the number of map features and their locations, namely, using the powerful search ability and collective cooperation of ants to complete the PHD-SLAM filter time prediction and data update process. Meanwhile, a novel fast moving ant estimator (F-MAE) is utilized to estimate the maneuvering vehicle trajectory. Evaluation and comparison using several numerical examples show a performance improvement over recently reported approaches. Moreover, the experimental results based on the robot operation system (ROS) platform validate the consistency with the results obtained from numerical simulations.
Regression Function and Noise Variance Tracking Methods for Data Streams with Concept Drift
Authors: Jaworski Maciej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Two types of heuristic estimators based on Parzen kernels are presented. They are able to estimate the regression function in an incremental manner. The estimators apply two techniques commonly used in concept-drifting data streams, i.e., the forgetting factor and the sliding window. The methods are applicable for models in which both the function and the noise variance change over time. Although nonparametric methods based on Parzen kernels were previously successfully applied in the literature to online regression function estimation, the problem of estimating the variance of noise was generally neglected. It is sometimes of profound interest to know the variance of the signal considered, e.g., in economics, but it can also be used for determining confidence intervals in the estimation of the regression function, as well as while evaluating the goodness of fit and in controlling the amount of smoothing. The present paper addresses this issue. Specifically, variance estimators are proposed which are able to deal with concept drifting data by applying a sliding window and a forgetting factor, respectively. A number of conducted numerical experiments proved that the proposed methods perform satisfactorily well in estimating both the regression function and the variance of the noise.
Assessment of Commuter Satisfaction in the Usage of Bus-Shelters: the Ataköy Zone 5 and Beşyol Metrobus Stops, Istanbul
Authors: Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs Yücel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Bus shelters, which form a part of daily lives of people, generally provide service as small areas of urban space created for short-term periods of waiting. From the perspective of spatial design, it is important that an environment of good quality is provided for users of bus-shelters. This study proposed hypotheses to research how the physical design of bus shelters (location-accessibility, anthropometric characteristics, roofing and walls, lighting, electronic information, seating, etc.) affected general satisfaction of their users. To establish users’ general satisfaction, direct observation was performed and the hypotheses were tested through surveys conducted at bus-shelters selected in two areas of Istanbul (Ataköy-Beşyol) with different economic levels, and an assessment was made of the users’ satisfaction analyses and related problems of bus shelter design. In the conclusion, it was established that there is a significant correlation between general satisfaction and, among other things, the perceived degree of difficulty in getting on and off buses, the harmonization of bus shelter design with the surroundings, the adequacy of a shelter for summer use, the comfort of a shelter, the adequacy of seating, and the extent to which the shelter is maintained.
Understanding Red Blood Cell Rheology in Sepsis and its Role in Clinical Practice. From Biomolecular Aspects to Possible Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Moisă Emanuel , Negoiţă Silvius , Corneci Dan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Erythrocyte rheology is of interest in understanding microcirculation and oxygen delivery and consumption alterations induced by sepsis and septic shock. Several mechanisms are proposed: (i) direct or indirect RBC membrane alterations, (ii) abnormal intraerythrocytic homeostasis, (iii) RBCs interaction with other cells and extracellular molecules, (iiii) increased reactive species production and altered redox homeostasis. In this review, we describe in part these mechanisms and what’s the impact of these hemorheological disturbances on the outcome and mortality rate. Also, we outline the possible therapeutic interventions and further perspectives regarding sepsis and septic shock management.
On consistent nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems
Authors: Truty Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nonlinear soil–linear structure computational strategy is commonly accepted in the community of geotechnical engineers using advanced finite element software for solving complex soil–structure interaction problems. However, further design procedure of the structural elements is carried out using increased values of the computed elastic stress resultants. It is absolutely not clear whether this method is conservative and, therefore, whether safe or not. To tackle this problem, a fully consistent nonlinear analysis of a deep excavation protected by the diaphragm wall is analysed here. The subsoil is modelled using the Hardening Soil model, while reinforced concrete is modelled using the modified Lee–Fenves model enhanced by the Eurocode 2 (EC2)-compatible creep module, developed by the author. It is shown that the commonly used nonlinear soil–linear structure computational strategy may yield insufficient amount of reinforcement from the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) points of view. A consistent and conservative method of combining fully nonlinear analysis and the rules imposed by the EC2 is proposed.
Surrogate Humanity: Posthuman Networks and the (Racialized) Obsolescence of Labor
Authors: Atanasoski Neda , Vora Kalindi 
Published: October 2018

Historical forms of domination and power, encompassed but not limited to social categories and hierarchies of difference, get built into seemingly non-human objects and the infrastructures that link them, thus sanitizing digital media technologies as human-free. Rather than questioning the epistemological and ontological underpinnings of the human, fantasies about the revolutionary nature of new media and technology developments as posthuman carry forward and re-universalize the historical specificity of the category “human” whose bounds they claim to surpass. To begin to theorize some of the ways in which the notion of a revolutionary network of humans and things is both racial and racializing, the first part of this article develops a reading of Sylvia Wynter’s theorization of modern “man” as fundamentally constructed through racial-scientific notions of the biological and economic. We then think Wynter’s notion of homo-oeconomicus alongside Rifkin’s postulation that in fact the infrastructure revolution marks a paradigm shift away from capitalism. Through an analysis of several contemporary platforms (including Alfred and Amazon Mechanical Turk), we address the global-racial erasures and disappearances undergirding techno-utopic fantasies of a post-labor society. At the same time, as we argue, it is insufficient to merely point out the way in which human racialized and gendered labor underwrites techno-utopic fantasies. Instead, we move to a consideration of the epistemological and material shifts as well as legacies tied to prior post-Enlightenment revolutionary thought, such as that of Franz Fanon, to reconceptualize who or what can count as human. In conversation with feminist science studies scholarship on the posthuman, we grapple with what it means to think the subject of labor, and the human as subject, outside of the biological-economic imperatives of prior imaginaries.
A Discussion on Experiments and Experimentation: NIH to Balance Sex in Cell and Animal Studies
Authors: Joel Daphna , Kaiser Anelis , Richardson Sarah S. , Ritz Stacey A. , Roy Deboleena , Subramaniam Banu 
Published: October 2018

In 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposed a new policy to promote “sex parity” in research. As an extension to the 1993 NIH Revitalization Act which mandated the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical trials, the new NIH policy will require scientists to include “sex” as a variable in both animal model and in vitro cell line-based research. The end goal is to ensure that NIH funded scientists “balance male and female cells and animals in preclinical studies in all future applications” (Clayton and Collins 2014, 283). The curators of this section asked four interdisciplinary scholars to discuss this proposed policy.
Toxic Shock Syndrome, Tampon Absorbency, and Feminist Science
Authors: Vostral Sharra 
Published: October 2018

Tampon-associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has disproportionately affected women, and specifically, menstruators. By 1980, the Centers for Disease Control recommended that women limit their use of superabsorbent tampons since the risk for TSS increased with greater levels of absorption. However, women had no way of following this advice since products did not have consistent absorbency labels. A standard to set absorptive capacity as well as nomenclature was required, and the consensus process to do so was governed by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). Esther Rome from the Boston Women's Health Book Collective participated as a consumer representative, and solicited feminist scientist Nancy Reame to help generate data on their behalf. Importantly, they rejected the use of blue saline and "blue goo" as a menstrual fluid in the syngyna—the synthetic vagina simulacrum lab instrument—to test tampon absorbency, and insisted upon heparinized blood instead. They challenged the process by which a standard is established, the method by which variables are controlled, and the erasure of menstrual fluid from tests about tampon absorbency. The feminist science yielded both usable and valid outcomes, with results that challenged the design of the experiment upon which standards were to be based.