bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion, Social Relationships, and Physical Health: Concepts, Methods, and Evidence for an Integrative Perspective
Authors: Smith Timothy W. , Weihs Karen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Emotional characteristics and processes are robust predictors of the development and course of major medical illnesses and premature mortality, as are a variety of indicators of the presence and quality of personal relationships. Despite clear evidence of close interconnection between these two domains of risk and protection, affective characteristics and relationships have largely been studied separately as influences on health. After a recent conference on integrative perspectives on emotions, relationships and health co-sponsored by the American Psychosomatic Society and the Society for Affective Science, the present review builds on prior calls for integration, related theory, and current research to outline what is known about the interconnection of these domains as it specifically relates to their overlapping influences on health. Areas of interest include the following: their interconnected roles over the course of development, which may inform current efforts to understand the influence of early life events on adult health; the parallel positive and negative factors in both domains that could have distinct influences on health; the role of emotion regulation in relationship contexts; and measurement, design, and analysis approaches to capture the dyadic and dynamic aspects of these interconnected influences on health. We conclude with a discussion of an emerging research agenda that includes the following: common biological foundations of affective and relationship processes, the cultural embeddedness of affective and relationship processes, the potential contribution of affective-relational processes to health disparities, and implications for intervention research.
mTOR Inhibitor Therapy Diminishes Circulating CD8+ CD28− Effector Memory T Cells and Improves Allograft Inflammation in Belatacept-refractory Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: Castro-Rojas Cyd M. , Godarova Alzbeta , Shi Tiffany , Hummel Sarah A. , Shields Adele , Tremblay Simon , Alloway Rita R. , Jordan Michael B. , Woodle E. Steve , Hildeman David A. 
Published: August 2019

Background.
Renal allograft rejection is more frequent under belatacept-based, compared with tacrolimus-based, immunosuppression. We studied kidney transplant recipients experiencing rejection under belatacept-based early corticosteroid withdrawal following T-cell–depleting induction in a recent randomized trial (Belatacept-based Early Steroid Withdrawal Trial, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01729494) to determine mechanisms of rejection and treatment.

Methods.
Peripheral mononuclear cells, serum creatinine levels, and renal biopsies were collected from 8 patients undergoing belatacept-refractory rejection (BRR). We used flow cytometry, histology, and immunofluorescence to characterize CD8+ effector memory T cell (TEM) populations in the periphery and graft before and after mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition.

Results.
Here, we found that patients with BRR did not respond to standard antirejection therapy and had a substantial increase in alloreactive CD8+ T cells with a CD28low/DRhi/CD38hi/CD45RO+ TEM. These cells had increased activation of the mTOR pathway, as assessed by phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 expression. Notably, everolimus (an mTOR inhibitor) treatment of patients with BRR halted the in vivo proliferation of TEM cells and their ex vivo alloreactivity and resulted in their significant reduction in the peripheral blood. The frequency of circulating FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was not altered. Importantly, everolimus led to rapid resolution of rejection as confirmed by histology.

Conclusions.
Thus, while prior work has shown that concomitant belatacept + mTOR inhibitor therapy is effective for maintenance immunosuppression, our preliminary data suggest that everolimus may provide an available means for effecting “rescue” therapy for rejections occurring under belatacept that are refractory to traditional antirejection therapy with corticosteroids and polyclonal antilymphocyte globulin.
The First Asian Kidney Transplantation Prediction Models for Long-term Patient and Allograft Survival
Authors: Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Townamchai Natavudh , Kerr Stephen J. , Tasanarong Adis , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Lumpaopong Adisorn , Prommool Surazee , Supaporn Thanom , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam-ong Somchai 
Published: August 2019

Background.
Several kidney transplantation (KT) prediction models for patient and graft outcomes have been developed based on Caucasian populations. However, KT in Asian countries differs due to patient characteristics and practices. To date, there has been no equation developed for predicting outcomes among Asian KT recipients.

Methods.
We developed equations for predicting 5- and 10-year patient survival (PS) and death-censored graft survival (DCGS) based on 6662 patients in the Thai Transplant Registry. The cohort was divided into training and validation data sets. We identified factors significantly associated with outcomes by Cox regression. In the validation data set, we also compared our models with another model based on KT in the United States.

Results.
Variables included for developing the DCGS and PS models were recipient and donor age, background kidney disease, dialysis vintage, donor hepatitis C virus status, cardiovascular diseases, panel reactive antibody, donor types, donor creatinine, ischemic time, and immunosuppression regimens. The C statistics of our model in the validation data set were 0.69 (0.66–0.71) and 0.64 (0.59–0.68) for DCGS and PS. Our model performed better when compared with a model based on US patients. Compared with tacrolimus, KT recipients aged ≤44 years receiving cyclosporine A had a higher risk of graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.26; P = 0.046). The risk of death was higher in recipients aged >44 years and taking cyclosporine A (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.44; P = 0.011).

Conclusions.
Our prediction model is the first based on an Asian population, can be used immediately after transplantation. The model can be accessed at www.nephrochula.com/ktmodels.
Willingness to Undergo a Risky Treatment to Improve Cognition Among Persons With Cognitive Impairment Who Received an Amyloid PET Scan
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Plassman Brenda L. , Mor Vincent 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To evaluate determinants of willingness to accept a treatment to return memory to normal among persons with cognitive impairment who received an amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan and their care partner and discordance in risk taking.

Methods:
Using data from CARE-IDEAS (n=1872 dyads), a supplement of the Imaging Dementia–Evidence for Amyloid Scanning study, we predicted scan recipient’s willingness to accept a risky treatment, the risk care partners believed their care recipient would accept, and discordance in these perceptions.

Results:
Scan recipients were willing to accept a treatment with a 27.94% (SD=34.36) risk of death. Care partners believed their care recipient would accept a 29.68% (SD=33.74) risk of death; thus, overestimating risk acceptance by 1.74 (SD=41.88) percentage points. A positive amyloid PET scan was associated with willingness to accept greater risk. Poorer functioning of the care recipient was associated with care partners believing their care recipient would accept more risk. The amyloid PET scan result was not significantly associated with discordance, but poorer functioning of the care recipient resulted in care partners overestimating risk.

Conclusions:
Scan recipients were willing to accept a treatment with a high risk of death. Discordance was affected by scan recipient’s having poorer functioning.
The Association Between Circulating Inflammatory Markers and the Progression of Alzheimer Disease in Norwegian Memory Clinic Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia
Authors: Hazen Josje , Vistnes Maria , Barca Maria L. , Eldholm Rannveig S. , Persson Karin , Brækhus Anne , Saltvedt Ingvild , Selbæk Geir , Engedal Knut , Knapskog Anne-Brita 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Neuroinflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to detect whether increased inflammatory activity at baseline could predict cognitive and functional decline in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD dementia after 2 years.

Methods:
Serum samples from 242 memory clinic patients with an aMCI (n=88) or AD dementia (n=154) were analyzed for C-reactive protein and for 14 other inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17a, IL-18, IL-22, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor, cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, interferon-γ, chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, and CCL4] by bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Disease progression was measured by the annual increase in the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and annual decrease in the score on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results:
No association between increased levels of the inflammatory markers and change on the CDR-SB or MMSE score was found, but there was a significant difference in baseline IL-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels between aMCI and AD dementia groups.

Conclusion:
Increased levels of inflammatory markers were not associated with faster progression as measured by the annual change on the CDR-SB or MMSE score.
Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch. 6 October 1907—7 November 2007
Authors: Papaioannou Virginia E. 
Published: August 2019

Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch was a pioneer in establishing the field of mammalian developmental genetics, bringing together experimental embryology and genetics at a time when the role of genes in development was far from accepted. She studied in Germany in the 1930s with the renowned experimental embryologist Hans Spemann and then moved to New York City where she spent her entire professional career at Columbia University and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. Her career was remarkable not only for its longevity—she continued experiments well into her 90s—but also for ushering in new ways of approaching developmental biology in mammals. In her studies of theT-complex in mice, she made use of naturally occurring mutations as nature's own experiments that allowed the investigation of the normal role of the genes in the events of morphogenesis. In her later work with the albino chromosomal deletions, she extended her studies to the genetics of physiological traits. Throughout the decades that saw a blossoming of the entire field of genetics, Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch's work tackling some of the most perplexing problems in mammalian genetics firmly established the mouse as model organism, not only for studying development, but also for the eventual application of molecular biology techniques to development. Her published work is a beautifully coherent and rigorous opus, for which she received many honours. Her influence on a generation of geneticists, developmental biologists and the field of developmental genetics was profound.The life of Salome Gluecksohn–Waelsch spanned a century that suffered the destructive upheaval of two world wars but also saw phenomenal progress in the sciences, including embryology and genetics. At the start of Salome's career, these two fields were far apart and developmental genetics was barely a concept. Along with a few other pioneers, Salome was instrumental in establishing that genes actually had roles in development and in founding the field of mammalian developmental genetics. Her career laid the ground work for the eventual integration of genetic and developmental studies through molecular biology.Salome Gluecksohn–Waelsch published under four different names at different stages of her life and career: Salome Glücksohn, Salome Gluecksohn–Schoenheimer, Salome Gluecksohn–Waelsch, and Salome G. Waelsch. Among her colleagues and friends, she was almost universally known as Salome and so for the purpose of this biographical memoir, I have chosen to refer to her by her first name, out of friendship and respect.
Spatial heterogeneity in subglacial drainage driven by till erosion
Authors: Kasmalkar Indraneel , Mantelli Elisa , Suckale Jenny 
Published: August 2019

The distribution and drainage of meltwater at the base of glaciers sensitively affects fast ice flow. Previous studies suggest that thin meltwater films between the overlying ice and a hard-rock bed channelize into efficient drainage elements by melting the overlying ice. However, these studies do not account for the presence of soft deformable sediment observed underneath many West Antarctic ice streams, and the inextricable coupling that sediment exhibits with meltwater drainage. Our work presents an alternate mechanism for initiating drainage elements such as canals where meltwater films grow by eroding the sediment beneath. We conduct a linearized stability analysis on a meltwater film flowing over an erodible bed. We solve the Orr–Sommerfeld equation for the film flow, and we compute bed evolution with the Exner equation. We identify a regime where the coupled dynamics of hydrology and sediment transport drives a morphological instability that generates spatial heterogeneity at the bed. We show that this film instability operates at much faster time scales than the classical thermal instability proposed by Walder. We discuss the physics of the instability using the framework of ripple formation on erodible beds.
Real-time Hearing Threshold Determination of Auditory Brainstem Responses by Cross-correlation Analysis
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Li Bei , Lu Yan , Han Kun , Sheng Haibin , Zhou Jialei , Qi Yumeng , Wang Xueling , Huang Zhiwu , Song Lei , Hua Yunfeng 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAuditory brainstem response (ABR) serves as an objective indication of auditory perception at given sound level and is nowadays widely used in hearing function assessment. Despite efforts for automation over decades, hearing threshold determination by machine algorithm remains unreliable and thereby still rely on visual identification by trained personnel. Here, we described a procedure for automatic threshold determination that can be used in both animal and human ABR tests. The method terminates level averaging of ABR recordings upon detection of time-locked waveform through cross-correlation analysis. The threshold level was then indicated by a dramatic increase in the sweep numbers required to produce “qualified” level averaging. A good match was obtained between the algorithm outcome and the human readouts. Moreover, the method varies the level averaging based on the cross-correlation, thereby adapting to the signal-to-noise ratio of single sweep recordings. These features empower a robust and fully automated ABR test.
A systematic review of medical and clinical research landscapes and quality in Malaysia and Indonesia [REALQUAMI]: the review protocol
Authors: Chew Boon-How , Ying Lim Poh , Huey Lee Shaun Wen , Devaraj Navin Kumar , Ismail @ Daud Adibah Hanim , Shamsuddin Nurainul Hana , Jahn Kassim Puteri Shanaz , Rashid Aneesa Abdul , Fernandez Aaron , Zakuan Noraina Muhamad , Teoh Soo Huat , Abdullah Akiza Roswati , Ali Hanifatiyah , Abdul Manap Abdul Hadi , Mohamad Fadzilah , Widyahening Indah S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch landscapes and quality may change in many ways. Much research waste has been increasingly reported. Efforts to improve research performance will need good data on the profiles and performance of past research.PurposeTo describe the characteristics and quality of clinical and biomedical research in Malaysia and Indonesia.MethodsA search will be conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO to identify for published clinical and biomedical research from 1962 to 2017 from Malaysia and/or Indonesia.Additional search will also be conducted in MyMedR (for Malaysian team only). Studies found will be independently screened by a team of reviewers, relevant information will be extracted and quality of articles will be assessed. As part of quality control, another reviewer will independently assess 10-20% of the articles extracted. In Phase 1, the profiles of the published research will be reported descriptively. In Phase 2, a research quality screening tool will be validated to assess research quality based on three major domains of relevance, credibility of the methods and usefulness of the results. Associations between the research characteristics and quality will be analysed. The independent effect of each of the determinant will be quantified in multivariable regression analysis. Longitudinal trends of the research profiles, health conditions in different settings will be explored. Depending on the availability of resources, this review project may proceed according to the different clinical and biomedical disciplines in sequence.DiscussionResults of this study will serve as the ‘baseline’ data for future evaluation and within country and between countries comparison. This review may also provide informative results to stakeholders of the evolution of research conduct and performance from the past till now. The longitudinal and prospective trends of the research profiles and quality could provide suggestions on improvement initiatives. Additionally, health conditions or areas in different settings, and whether they are over- or under-studied may help future prioritization of research initiatives and resources.
Health Care Provider Compliance with the HIPAA Right of Individual Access: a Scorecard and Survey (Revised)
Authors: McGraw Deven , Fitter Nasha , Taylor Lisa Belliveau 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, patients have had difficulty obtaining copies of their medical records, notwithstanding the legal right to do so. In 2018, a study of 83 top hospitals found discrepancies between those hospitals’ published information and telephone survey responses regarding their processes for release of records to patients, indicating noncompliance with the HIPAA right of individual access.ObjectiveAssess state of compliance with the HIPAA right of access across a broader range of health care providers and in the context of real records requests from patients.MethodsEvaluate the degree of compliance with the HIPAA right of access 1) through telephone surveys of health care institutions regarding release of records to patients and 2) by scoring the responses of a total of 210 health care providers to actual patient record requests against the HIPAA right of access requirements. (51 of those providers were part of an initial cohort of 51 scored for an earlier version of this paper.)ResultsBased on the scores of responses of 210 health care providers to record requests and the responses of nearly 3000 healthcare institutions to telephone surveys, more than 50% of health care providers are out of compliance with the HIPAA right of access. The most common failure was refusal to send records to patient or patient’s designee in the form and format requested by the patient, with 86% of noncompliance due to this factor. The number of phone calls required to obtain records in compliance with HIPAA, and the lack of consistency in provider responses to actual requests, makes the records retrieval process a challenging one for patients.ConclusionsRecent federal proposals prioritize patient access to medical records through certified electronic health record (EHR) technology, but access by patients to their complete clinical records via EHRs is years away. In the meantime, health care providers need to focus more attention on compliance with the HIPAA right of access, including better training of staff on HIPAA requirements. Greater enforcement of the law will help motivate providers to prioritize this issue.
One-time learning in a biologically-inspired Salience-affected Artificial Neural Network (SANN)
Authors: Remmelzwaal Leendert A , Ellis George F R , Tapson Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a novel Salience Affected Artificial Neural Network (SANN) that models the way neuromodulators such as dopamine and noradrenaline affect neural dynamics in the human brain by being distributed diffusely through neocortical regions. This allows one-time learning to take place through strengthening entire patterns of activation at one go. We present a model that accepts a salience signal, and returns a reverse salience signal. We demonstrate that we can tag an image with salience with only a single training iteration, and that the same image will then produces the highest reverse salience signal during classification. We explore the effects of salience on learning via its effect on the activation functions of each node, as well as on the strength of weights in the network. We demonstrate that a salience signal improves classification accuracy of the specific image that was tagged with salience, as well as all images in the same class, while penalizing images in other classes. Results are validated using 5-fold validation testing on MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets. This research serves as a proof of concept, and could be the first step towards introducing salience tagging into Deep Learning Networks and robotics.
Genomic insights into the Archaea inhabiting an Australian radioactive legacy site
Authors: Vázquez-Campos Xabier , Kinsela Andrew S. , Bligh Mark W. , Payne Timothy E. , Wilkins Marc R. , Waite T. David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring the 1960s, small quantities of radioactive materials were co-disposed with chemical waste at the Little Forest Legacy Site (LFLS, Sydney, Australia). The microbial function and population dynamics in a waste trench during a rainfall event have been previously investigated using shotgun metagenomics. This revealed a broad abundance of candidate and potentially undescribed taxa in this iron-rich, radionuclide-contaminated environment.Here, applying genome-based metagenomic methods, we recovered 37 refined archaeal MAGs (≥50% completeness, ≤10% redundancy) from 10 different major lineages. They were, mainly, included in four DPANN lineages without standing nomenclature (LFWA-I to IV) and Methanoperedenaceae (ANME-2D).While most of the new DPANN lineages show reduced genomes with limited central metabolism typical of other DPANN, the orders under the LFWA-III lineage, ‘Ca. Gugararchaeales’ and ‘Ca. Anstonellales’, may constitute distinct orders with a more comprehensive central metabolism and anabolic capabilities within the Micrarchaeota phylum.The new Methanoperedens spp. MAGs, together with previously published data, suggests metal ions as the ancestral electron acceptors during the anaerobic oxidation of methane while the respiration of nitrate/nitrite via molybdopterin oxidoreductases would have been a secondary acquisition. The presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in most Methanoperedens also appears to be a widespread characteristic of the genus for carbon accumulation.We formally propose 22 new candidate taxa based on data analysed in this manuscript, as well as four missing formal taxa definitions and two new candidate species based on extant data. We present evidence of four new DPANN lineages and six non-conspecific Methanoperedens, while exploring their uniqueness, potential role in elemental cycling, and evolutionary history.