bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OUTCOME OF ACUTE NONTRAUMATIC VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE IN HEALTHY PATIENTS
Authors: Pighin María S. , Berrozpe Clara , Jürgens Ignasi 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To compare outcomes in dense vitreous hemorrhage versus mild vitreous hemorrhage due to nontraumatic posterior vitreous detachment.

Methods:
We compared 315 eyes, divided into 2 patient groups, one with dense and the other with mild vitreous hemorrhage. The main outcome measures were final mean best-corrected visual acuity, number of retinal tears, number of retinal detachments, and the number of pars plana vitrectomy and/or scleral buckle surgeries.

Results:
In 33.4% of the patients, posterior vitreous detachment without complications was found. Retinal breaks after posterior vitreous detachment were found in 59% of the eyes. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was principally treated with pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckle. In nonvisible fundus hemorrhage group, 44.4% of the patients underwent vitrectomy. In visible fundus hemorrhage group, 9.52% of the patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The mean final visual acuity was 20/25, without significant difference between groups (P = 0.064).

Conclusion:
Acute, spontaneous, nontraumatic posterior vitreous separation with vitreous hemorrhage is associated with a high incidence of retinal complications. Close follow-up is necessary. We did not find significant differences in final visual acuity neither between the two groups nor among the treatments.
Panscleritis as an Unusual Complication of Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy
Authors: Aktas Zeynep , Bektas Caglar , Hasanreisoglu Murat 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to report a case of panscleritis after gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).

Methods:
We describe the case of a 33-year-old man with a history of unilateral anterior uveitis and glaucoma, who developed panscleritis after GATT surgery.

Results:
Uneventful GATT surgery was performed in a glaucomatous left eye. On the second postoperative day, the patient developed tenderness on palpation of the eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed significant diffuse hyperemia, elongated and tortuous upper bulbar conjunctival/scleral vessels, and exudative retinal detachment at the superior nasal quadrant, with diffuse scleral thickening. The patient was diagnosed as having panscleritis, which was attributed to the GATT surgery. Although the scleritis resolved completely with intravenous and oral methylprednisolone treatment, localized retinal detachment persisted.

Conclusions:
Surgery-induced posterior scleritis may occur following minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries such as GATT. Control of uveitis for at least 3 months before surgery is indicated in patients with uveitis if GATT surgery is planned.
Outcomes of Laser Goniopuncture Following Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy With Mitomycin C: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Penaud Benjamin , Leleu Igor , Laplace Olivier , Akesbi Jad , Blumen-Ohana Esther , Nordmann Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To report on the frequency, efficacy, and safety of laser goniopuncture (LGP) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) following mitomycin-C-augmented nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in a large cohort of eyes.

Materials and Methods:
This is a monocenter database retrospective study. We reviewed records of 350 eyes that underwent NPDS between 2009 and 2015, at the National Ophthalmology Center of XV-XX (Paris, France). We recorded the incidence of LGP, the time between NPDS and LGP, IOP efficacy, and the occurrence of complications. The success of the LGP was defined by an IOP<15 mm Hg without hypotonic treatment.

Results:
The mean postoperative follow-up period was 19±15.9 months after the NPDS (range, 6 to 58). LGP was performed in 125 eyes (35.7%) in a mean time after NPDS of 7.4±7.6 months (range, 1 d to 36 mo). Most LGP procedures were performed during the first year (97 eyes, 77.6%). The survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed a 50% incidence of LGP by 2 years. The mean IOP before LGP was 23.8±7.1 mm Hg. LGP resulted in immediate (day 8) and significant IOP lowering by up to 15±6.8 mm Hg. This decrease was maintained throughout the follow-up period, and the Kaplan-Meier survival success rate at 2 years was 48.9% (95% confidence interval, 39.4-60.8). The most common complication was iris incarceration, which occurred in 22 eyes of 125 LGP (17.6%).

Conclusions:
Most of the eyes that underwent NPDS may require LGP to reduce the IOP to below the target value. Most often, this procedure was performed in the first year after NPDS (77.6%). LGP lowered IOP<15 mm Hg without any hypotonic medication for at least 2 years in 50% of cases. Goniopuncture is associated with potentially significant complications, of which the most common is iris incarceration. We identified 2 predicting factors for iris incarceration: high IOP before LGP and early LGP after NPDS.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Schizophrenia Who Successfully Discontinued Antipsychotics
Authors: Tani Hideaki , Suzuki Takefumi , Wolfgang Fleischhacker W. , Tomita Masayuki , Mimura Masaru , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Although discontinuing antipsychotics clearly increases the risk of relapse in schizophrenia, some patients remain clinically well without continuous antipsychotic treatment. However, data on the characteristics of such patients are still scarce.

Methods/Procedures
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify predictive factors for successful antipsychotic discontinuation in schizophrenia using PubMed (last search; June 2018) with the following search terms: (antipsychotic* or neuroleptic) AND (withdraw* or cessat* or terminat* or discontinu*) AND (schizophreni* or psychosis). The search was filtered with humans and English. Factors associated with a lower risk of relapse, when replicated in 2 or more studies with a follow-up period of 3 months or longer, were considered successful.

Findings/Results
Systematic literature search identified 37 relevant articles. Mean relapse rate after antipsychotic discontinuation was 38.3% (95% confidence interval = 16.0%–60.6%) per year. Factors associated with a lower risk of relapse were being maintained on a lower antipsychotic dose before discontinuation, older age, shorter duration of untreated psychosis, older age at the onset of illness, a lower severity of positive symptoms at baseline, better social functioning, and a lower number of previous relapses.

Implications/Conclusions
Although this literature review suggests some predictors for successful antipsychotic withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia, the very limited evidence base and unequivocally high relapse rates after discontinuation must remain a matter of serious debate for risk/benefit considerations.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: update 2018
Authors: Derkay Craig S. , Bluher Andrew E. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common as well as the costliest benign airway neoplasm in the United States [Ivancic et al. (2018). Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 3:22; Derkay (1995). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121:1386]. In addition, it is potentially deadly, with risk of airway obstruction as well as a 3–7% risk of malignant conversion [Schraff et al. (2004). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:1039]. This review highlights exciting advancements over the past 1–2 years in scientific understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, natural history, prevention, and treatment of this difficult disease.

Recent findings
Recent studies have yielded the following findings: The primary quality of life reduction that patients perceive is voice-related; the membranous vocal folds are the most frequently involved anatomic subsite in adult-onset RRP; there may be a correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux, herpes simplex virus type 2, and adult-onset RRP; there has been a decline in RRP incidence in Australia following the implementation of a national vaccination program; addition of educational audiovisual aids assists in vaccine acceptance rates; preventive vaccination can be used as treatment for pediatric as well as adult RRP patients with demonstrable effects on antibody titers and reoperation rates; calreticulin-linked DNA vaccines show promise in reducing the growth rate of human papilloma virus (HPV)11 E6/E7-expressing tumors in mice; injection of bevacizumab is associated with no adverse tissue affects; systemic bevacizumab is effective as a treatment for severe uncontrolled disease; pegylated interferon treatment is effective in select severe pediatric RRP disease; and finally, increased rates of programed death 1 T-lymphocyte infiltration and programed death-ligand 1 expression are seen on both papilloma and infiltrating immune cells.

Summary
RRP is declining in incidence but remains a challenging disease to treat with great costs to patients, families, and the healthcare system. As the disease continues to be better understood, new frontiers are opening in treatment, particularly for severe or poorly controlled disease. Until the disease can be eradicated, it remains a vital area of research to help prevent new cases and treat afflicted patients.
Advances in liver xenotransplantation
Authors: Cimeno Arielle , Barth Rolf N. , LaMattina John C. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
This review highlights advances in liver xenotransplantation, focusing on immunologic barriers and mechanisms underlying graft failure and recipient demise, and discussion of recent in-vivo results.

Recent findings
Pig to primate models of liver xenotransplantation have been plagued by thrombocytopenia, anemia, and coagulopathy. It is now known that platelet sequestration is mediated by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in part by asialoglycoprotein receptor 1-driven mechanisms. Xenoantigens, specifically N-glycolylneuraminic acid, play a role in graft injury as well as red blood cell consumption. Finally incompatibilities between coagulation cascade molecules contribute to lethal coagulopathy, but can be counteracted with genetic modifications and coagulation factor supplementation. Survival has markedly increased with this strategy.

Summary
An increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms responsible for failure of in-vivo pig to primate liver xenotransplant models has led to improved outcomes, and this recent success supports initial clinical application.
Prognostic Value of Volumetric Parameters of Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Han Sangwon , Kim Yeon Joo , Woo Sungmin , Suh Chong Hyun , Lee Jong Jin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods
PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched until April 12, 2018, for studies that evaluated MTV or TLG as prognostic factors in esophageal cancer, with overall survival (OS) and event-free survival serving as the end points. Hazard ratios (HRs) were meta-analytically pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based on the clinicopathological and PET variables were performed.

Results
In total, 16 studies with 1294 patients were included. The pooled HRs of MTV and TLG for OS were 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73–2.96) and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.73–2.87), respectively. Regarding event-free survival, the pooled HRs of MTV and TLG were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.66–2.49) and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.82–3.62), respectively. Metabolic tumor volume was found to be a significant prognostic factor for OS consistently across multiple subgroups classified based on stage, histological subtype, treatment, delineation of volume of interest, and the determination method of cutoff value, with pooled HRs ranging from 1.96 to 2.54.

Conclusions
In patients with esophageal cancer, MTV and TLG derived from pretreatment 18F-FDG PET are significant prognostic factors. As prognostic biomarkers, volumetric metabolic parameters may bolster the role of 18F-FDG PET in the management of esophageal cancer.
The Influence of Patient Exposure to Breast Reconstruction Approaches and Education on Patient Choices in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Dobke Marek K. , Yee Brittany , Mackert Gina A. , Zhu William Y. , Blair Sarah L. 
Published: October 2018

Background
The landscape of surgical and medical management and patient choices for breast cancer treatment changes as breast reconstruction and oncoplastic approaches improve and diversify. Increased access to breast reconstruction, in addition to patient education, influences the breast cancer patient. Therefore, the examination of the possible impact of reconstructive surgery on all stages of the breast cancer management per se seemed timely.

Methods
Plastic surgery consults were arranged for 520 new patients diagnosed with breast cancer (2012–2016) including patients with noninvasive breast cancer but at high risk of further cancer development. To test the plastic surgery impact on patient choices regarding the management of the cancer, a subset of 90 patients was identified to test the plastic surgery impact on patient choices. These patients were referred to plastic surgery, following the first round of consultations by surgical and medical oncologists with only the preliminary oncological management plan defined. After a plastic surgery consultation, but prior to finalization of the overall oncological management plan, they were surveyed on the subject of modification of their personal choices and requests pertaining to their cancer management.

Results
In this subset of 90 patients 40 (44%) returned to their surgical or medical oncologist considering changes of the primary management plan after their plastic surgery consultation. Twenty-six (28%) ultimately altered their plan, and the following patient-driven changes were made: mastectomy as opposed to lumpectomy (18 patients [20%]), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (11 patients [12%]), nipple/areola removal as opposed to nipple/areola sparing suggested by the oncologists (5 patients [6%]), oncoplastic breast reduction as part of lumpectomy (5 patients [6%]), and other modifications (3 patients [3%]).

Conclusions
Decisions for altering the preliminary oncologic plan or choosing a specific alternative (eg, lumpectomy plus radiation vs mastectomy) resulted from patient education on (1) reconstructive options, (2) aesthetic pitfalls and results. and (3) their interfacing with the oncological outcomes. Ultimately, plastic surgeons influence the multispecialty breast cancer management and patient decision-making process. Therefore, oncological literacy for plastic surgeons is essential to provide state-of-the-art breast cancer care and avoidance of suboptimal patient decisions.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Neuro-Ophthalmology
Authors: Wong Brendon , Fraser Clare L. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common pulmonary disorder with many systemic sequelae. Its association with diseases seen in neuro-ophthalmology is being increasingly recognized. Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may reverse the pathology in some eye diseases.

Evidence Acquisition:
We conducted a search of the literature using the Ovid Medline database and Google Scholar, focusing on articles that explored the association between OSA and ophthalmic conditions. These included hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, central serous retinopathy (CSR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), papilledema, and stroke.

Results:
There is evidence of an independent association between OSA, and both hypertension and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the retinopathy associated with each disease. Evidence also suggests a link between OSA and CSR, NAION, and stroke. The evidence remains controversial or insufficient for convincing causative association with RVO, glaucoma, and IIH. However, in patients presenting with CSR, and IIH, underlying OSA is a common finding. CPAP reverses some pathological changes, but the evidence is limited.

Conclusions:
OSA is associated with many diseases seen in neuro-ophthalmology clinics. More studies are required to assess the real ability of CPAP to reverse pathological changes. Ophthalmologists can screen for undiagnosed OSA in patients presenting with certain eye diseases.
Tree growth and stem carbon accumulation in human-modified Amazonian forests following drought and fire
Authors: Berenguer Erika , Malhi Yadvinder , Brando Paulo , Cardoso Nunes Cordeiro Amanda , Ferreira Joice , França Filipe , Chesini Rossi Liana , Maria Moraes de Seixas Marina , Barlow Jos 
Published: October 2018

Human-modified forests are an ever-increasing feature across the Amazon Basin, but little is known about how stem growth is influenced by extreme climatic events and the resulting wildfires. Here we assess for the first time the impacts of human-driven disturbance in combination with El Niño–mediated droughts and fires on tree growth and carbon accumulation. We found that after 2.5 years of continuous measurements, there was no difference in stem carbon accumulation between undisturbed and human-modified forests. Furthermore, the extreme drought caused by the El Niño did not affect carbon accumulation rates in surviving trees. In recently burned forests, trees grew significantly more than in unburned ones, regardless of their history of previous human disturbance. Wood density was the only significant factor that helped explain the difference in growth between trees in burned and unburned forests, with low wood–density trees growing significantly more in burned sites. Our results suggest stem carbon accumulation is resistant to human disturbance and one-off extreme drought events, and it is stimulated immediately after wildfires. However, these results should be seen with caution—without accounting for carbon losses, recruitment and longer-term changes in species composition, we cannot fully understand the impacts of drought and fire in the carbon balance of human-modified forests.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Nino on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
The role of satellite observations in understanding the impact of El Niño on the carbon cycle: current capabilities and future opportunities
Authors: Palmer Paul I. 
Published: October 2018

The 2015/2016 El Niño was the first major climate variation when there were a range of satellite observations that simultaneously observed land, ocean and atmospheric properties associated with the carbon cycle. These data are beginning to provide new insights into the varied responses of land ecosystems to El Niño, but we are far from fully exploiting the information embodied by these data. Here, we briefly review the atmospheric and terrestrial satellite data that are available to study the carbon cycle. We also outline recommendations for future research, particularly the closer integration of satellite data with forest biometric datasets that provide detailed information about carbon dynamics on a range of timescales.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
Widespread reduction in sun-induced fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Niño
Authors: Koren Gerbrand , van Schaik Erik , Araújo Alessandro C. , Boersma K. Folkert , Gärtner Antje , Killaars Lars , Kooreman Maurits L. , Kruijt Bart , van der Laan-Luijkx Ingrid T. , von Randow Celso , Smith Naomi E. , Peters Wouter 
Published: October 2018

The tropical carbon balance dominates year-to-year variations in the CO
2
exchange with the atmosphere through photosynthesis, respiration and fires. Because of its high correlation with gross primary productivity (GPP), observations of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) are of great interest. We developed a new remotely sensed SIF product with improved signal-to-noise in the tropics, and use it here to quantify the impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño Amazon drought. We find that SIF was strongly suppressed over areas with anomalously high temperatures and decreased levels of water in the soil. SIF went below its climatological range starting from the end of the 2015 dry season (October) and returned to normal levels by February 2016 when atmospheric conditions returned to normal, but well before the end of anomalously low precipitation that persisted through June 2016. Impacts were not uniform across the Amazon basin, with the eastern part experiencing much larger (10–15%) SIF reductions than the western part of the basin (2–5%). We estimate the integrated loss of GPP relative to eight previous years to be 0.34–0.48 PgC in the three-month period October–November–December 2015.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.