bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Approach and Trait Anxiety on Paramedic and Nursing Students
Authors: Uzuntarla Yasin 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Learning approach and anxiety are important factors in the quality of education. This study was carried out to measure learning approach and trait anxiety levels on paramedic and nursing students. Methods This cross-sectional study – undertaken between July and December 2016 – aimed to evaluate paramedic and nursing students studying in Ankara in Turkey. A survey system was used for data collection utilising the Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory methods. The SPSS statistical package program was used to analyse the data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann Whitney-U test, the t-test, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results It was determined that students preferred deep learning; over half of the students were observed to demonstrate lower anxiety levels using this method. As a sub-dimension of surface learning, surface motive was more expressively preferred by the paramedic students. Statistically, no significant relationship was observed between study process and trait anxiety. Conclusion Developing deep learning education systems and creating an environment to reduce anxiety is beneficial to students. Further research should be undertaken to determine the relationship between learning approach, socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety.
Factors Affecting the Education of Pre-Employment Paramedic Students during the Clinical Practicum
Authors: McCall Louise , Wray Natalie , Lord Bill 
Published: December 2018

Aim To identify factors that affect the education of pre-employment paramedic students during the clinical practicum. Methods A purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit undergraduate students from the Bachelor of Emergency Health (Paramedic) (BEHP) who had recently completed their first or final clinical placement. Qualitative data was collected via a total of 3 focus group discussions; two focus group discussions were conducted with students on completion of their final placement, and one focus group discussion was conducted with students who had recently completed their first placement. Participants were asked to share their career and placement expectations, placement experiences, career path intentions, and the impact of placements on their career decisions. Results This paper reports on student perception of education in the clinical environment and their impression of the strengths and weaknesses of this model. We identified four major themes: (1) communication, (2) appropriate placements, (3) capacity building and, (4) adequate preparation for students. Conclusion The University, ambulance service and students need to form a relationship to foster the quality of clinical education. Each party needs to adequately communicate and prepare for quality learning to occur in placements. Good mechanisms for the identification of problems early, particularly in relation to student support and case load are necessary. Ongoing evaluation of the quality of clinical placement education is required and should include all parties who are also committed to continuous improvement.
Training library staff in the Republic of Cameroon
Authors: Zemengue J. 
Published: December 2018

Negative trends in the system of library education in the Republic of Cameroon and their the exterior and intrinsic factors are examined. Among the exterior factors are: the low economic development of the country and the labor market; lack of efficient standards and laws and state regulation of education, culture and library activities; low literacy and education level; undeveloped information culture; severe natural and climatic conditions. Insufficient standard, regulation, methodological, staff and logistical support of library education, insufficient application of modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies of education make the intrinsic factors. The author also emphasizes that the exterior and intrinsic factors are interrelated and interdependent: developed information and communication technologies, finances and logistics of library professional education always depend on the country’s economic development, and library education legislation depends on the national policy for libraries and education, and this is true for the Republic of Cameroon. Until the negative factors are eliminated, the level of professional training of librarians and their professional motivation will remain low.
Evaluating the quality of research activities: Investigating into the uniqueness
Authors: Glavcheva Yu. N. , Kanishcheva O. V. , Glavchev M. I. 
Published: December 2018

Today, the research activities of scientists and research organizations is estimated through the informetrical methods (bibliometrics) with absolute and relative indicators based on the number of publications and their citations in scientometric databases. The leading authors and research organizations are given grants and awards, become international laureates, get financial support or other dividends. The authors argue that the method of research activities evaluation influences the authors’ behavior and increases plagiarism, rigged citation and academic dishonesty.The fraud practices misrepresent the estimations of research activities quality and the current status of a discipline and publication activities. The problem is analyzed; simultaneous use of bibliometric methods and most advanced scientific methods of modern methods of defining writing styles is suggested as a solution. The authors emphasize that traditionally libraries are meant to educate, to popularize knowledge and to inform. Today, they have to go into non-traditional functions, i.e. to support linguistic research and to build linguistic corpora. This would prevent manipulations when estimating publication activities with bibliometric methods and would promote academic honesty in academic practices.
Photoevaporation of Molecular Clouds in Regions of Massive Star Formation as Revealed through H2 and Brγ Emission
Authors: Carlsten S. G. , Hartigan P. M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We examine new and pre-existing wide-field, continuum-corrected, narrowband images in H2 1-0 S(1) and Brγ of three regions of massive star formation: IC 1396, Cygnus OB2, and Carina. These regions contain a variety of globules, pillars, and sheets, so we can quantify how the spatial profiles of emission lines behave in photodissociation regions (PDRs) that differ in their radiation fields and geometries. We have measured 450 spatial profiles of H2 and Brγ along interfaces between H ii regions and PDRs. Brγ traces photoevaporative flows from the PDRs, and this emission declines more rapidly with distance as the radius of curvature of the interface decreases, in agreement with models. As noted previously, H2 emission peaks deeper into the cloud relative to Brγ, where the molecular gas absorbs far-UV radiation from nearby O stars. Although PDRs in IC 1396, Cygnus OB2, and Carina experience orders of magnitude different levels of ionizing flux and have markedly differing geometries, all of the PDRs have spatial offsets between Brγ and H2 on the order of 1017cm. There is a weak negative correlation between the offset size and the intensity of ionizing radiation and a positive correlation with the radius of curvature of the cloud. We can reproduce both the size of the offsets and the dependencies of the offsets on these other variables with simple photoevaporative flow models. Both Brγ and H2 1-0 S(1) will undoubtedly be targeted in future James Webb Space Telescope observations of PDRs, so this work can serve as a guide to interpreting these images.
ALMA Detection of Extended Millimeter Halos in the HD 32297 and HD 61005 Debris Disks
Authors: MacGregor Meredith A. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Hughes A. Meredith , Wilner D. J. , Currie Thayne , Debes John H. , Donaldson Jessica K. , Redfield Seth , Roberge Aki , Schneider Glenn 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm (230 GHz) observations of the HD 32297 and HD 61005 debris disks, two of the most iconic debris disks because of their dramatic swept-back wings seen in scattered light images. These observations achieve sensitivities of 14 and 13 μJy beam−1 for HD 32297 and HD 61005, respectively, and provide the highest resolution images of these two systems at millimeter wavelengths to date. By adopting a Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling approach, we determine that both disks are best described by a two-component model consisting of a broad (ΔR/R > 0.4) planetesimal belt with a rising surface density gradient and a steeply falling outer halo aligned with the scattered light disk. The inner and outer edges of the planetesimal belt are located at 78.5 ± 8.1 au and 122 ± 3 au for HD 32297, and 41.9 ± 0.9 au and 67.0 ± 0.5 au for HD 61005. The halos extend to 440 ± 32 au and 188 ± 8 au, respectively. We also detect 12CO J = 2–1 gas emission from HD 32297 co-located with the dust continuum. These new ALMA images provide observational evidence that larger, millimeter-sized grains may also populate the extended halos of these two disks previously thought to only be composed of small, micron-sized grains. We discuss the implications of these results for potential shaping and sculpting mechanisms of asymmetric debris disks.
Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction and Upper Extremity Muscle Latencies During D1 Flexion and Scaption Shoulder Exercises
Authors: Scott Ramonica , Yang Hyung Suk , James C. Roger , Sawyer Steven F. , Sizer Phillip S. 
Published: December 2018

Context
The abdominal-bracing maneuver, a volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) strategy, is commonly used during resisted shoulder exercises. How VPAC affects shoulder-muscle function during resisted shoulder exercise is unknown.

Objective
To identify the effects of VPAC on selected parascapular and glenohumeral muscles during specific shoulder exercises with or without resistance.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Clinical biomechanics research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-two asymptomatic volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age.

Intervention(s)
Participants performed arm elevation in scaption and D1 shoulder-flexion (D1F) patterns with and without resistance and VPAC.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Electromyography was used to test the muscle-contraction amplitudes and onset timing of the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior. Muscle-response amplitudes were quantified using root mean square electromyography. Shoulder-muscle relative-onset timing was quantified in reference to kinematic elbow-movement initiation.

Results
The VPAC increased serratus anterior amplitude during D1F (P &lt; .001) and scaption (P &lt; .001) and upper trapezius amplitude (P &lt; .001) in scaption. All muscle amplitudes increased with resistance. The VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P &lt; .001), posterior deltoid (P = .008), upper trapezius (P = .001), lower trapezius (P = .006), and serratus anterior (P = .001) during D1F. In addition, the VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P &lt; .001), posterior deltoid (P = .007), upper trapezius (P &lt; .001), lower trapezius (P &lt; .001), and serratus anterior (P &lt; .001) during scaption.

Conclusions
The VPAC affected only the parascapular muscles that had the greatest scapular-stabilizing roles during the specific open chain movement we tested. It decreased latencies in all muscles. These neuromuscular changes may enhance the stability of the shoulder during D1F and scaption exercises.
Values in Good Caring Relations
Authors: Randall Thomas E. 
Published: December 2018

In The Ethics of Care, Virginia Held (2006) explores what values of care might fulfil normative criteria for evaluating the moral worth of relations. Held identifies seven potential values: attentiveness, empathy, mutual concern, sensitivity, responsiveness, taking responsibility, and trustworthiness. Though Held’s work is helpful as a starting point for conceptualizing some normative criteria, two problems need addressing. First, Held does not provide sufficient justification for why these potential values ought to be considered genuine values in the care ethical framework. Second, Held overlooks two other potential values cited in the care literature: competence (Tronto 1993) and respect (Engster 2007). This paper builds upon Held’s work to offer a more coherent understanding of the values of care. It does so by scrutinizing and conceptually organizing the above nine potential values. Of these nine, only four are considered genuine values: attentiveness, mutual concern, responsiveness, and trustworthiness. It is concluded that good caring relations are those that exemplify the four values of care in their deliverance of caring practices.
Reflective Practice for Professional Development Among Nursing Instructors
Authors: Harerimana Boniface 
Published: December 2018

Reflective practice among health professionals involves considering and questioning clinical experiences. The process of learning through work involves “reflection-in-action” (the skills of self-awareness, critical analysis, synthesis, and evaluation while executing clinical activities), and “reflection-on-action” which involves retrospective reviews of the clinical scenarios experienced by health professionals (Clouder, 2000; Duffy, 2009). Johns (1995) suggests that reflective practice is the professional’s ability to understand and learn from work experiences to achieve more effective and satisfying followup work experiences.
Nursing instructors play a crucial role in helping nursing students consolidate taught theories and practice through guided and regular reflection on professional experiences (Duffy, 2009). To be effective guides, nursing instructors require the knowledge and skills necessary to implement reflective practice techniques into their teaching. This workshop actively engages participants in examining reflective practice by building on Gibbs’ (1998) six-step reflective cycle (i.e., description, feelings/thoughts, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan). The goal is to help instructors develop the necessary abilities to guide reflective practice among their students.
Couples Who Collaborate: Andrea Davis Pinkney and Brian Pinkney
Authors: Gibson Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

For author Andrea Davis Pinkney and her husband, author/illustrator Brian Pinkney, creating books for children is truly a family affair. The couple has collaborated on more than fifty titles, ranging from board books like Watch Me Dance (Red Wagon Books, 1997), to their many picture-book collaborations, like Sojourner Truth’s Step-Stomp Stride (Hyperion, 2009) and Sit-In: How Four Friends Stood Up by Sitting Down (Little, Brown, 2010), to longer nonfiction titles such as Hand in Hand: Ten Black Men Who Changed America (Disney-Hyperion, 2012).
Specificity and the Macroeconomics of Restructuring
Authors: Caballero Ricardo J. 
Published: December 2018

A proposal that the notion of specificity—the idea that factors of production are not interchangeable—can provide a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from the transactional environment and microeconomic restructuring.
The core mechanism that drives economic growth in modern market economies is massive microeconomic restructuring and factor reallocation—the Schumpeterian "creative destruction" by which new technologies replace the old. At the microeconomic level, restructuring is characterized by countless decisions to create and destroy production arrangements. The efficiency of these decisions depends in large part on the existence of sound institutions that provide a proper transactional environment. In this groundbreaking book, Ricardo Caballero proposes a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from limitations, especially institutional, that hinder these adjustments.
Caballero argues that macroeconomic models need to be made more "structural" in a precise sense and can not be maintained on the assumption that decisions are fully flexible. What is needed, he proposes, is the notion of specificity—the idea that factors of production are not freely interchangeable. Many of the major macroeconomic developments of recent decades, he argues, fit naturally into this perspective, including the transition problems of Eastern Europe, the heavy weight of labor regulations in Western Europe, the emerging market crises of the 1990s, the prolonged expansion of the U.S. economy, and Japan's stagnation following the collapse of its real estate bubble.
After describing the basic arguments of the book and developing models to illustrate two different kinds of specificity (relationship specificity and technological specificity), Caballero analyzes a variety of aspects of inefficient restructuring and revisits perennial business cycle patterns such as the cyclical behavior of unemployment, investment, and wages. Finally, he looks at the endogenous response of political institutions and technology to opportunistic exploitation of relationship specificity. Economists working on macroeconomics, development, growth, labor, and productivity issues will find Caballero's conceptual framework applicable to phenomena in their fields.
Self‐Regulation in the First 3 Years of Life: A Key to Predict Successful Development?
Authors: Pauen Sabina , Evers Wiebke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelf‐regulation (SR) skills in young children are known to predict later achievements, but we still know only little about how various aspects of SR first emerge, how they are related to each other and what mechanisms underlie their development in infancy and beyond. To answer these questions we need to improve concepts and measures to describe early SR development, clarify whether SR development undergoes a sensitive period in infancy, and to identify factors that influence SR development in early years. The present report argues for a multi‐method, system‐oriented, and dynamic approach to meet these challenges.
Transnational Social Practices: A Quantitative Perspective
Authors: Teney Céline , Deutschmann Emanuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTransnational social practices (TSP) can be defined as sustained linkages and ongoing exchanges between individuals across national borders. Over the last decades, TSP have not only become more common, but they have also developed into an increasingly salient subject of quantitative sociological research. After highlighting seminal foundational research, we introduce a set of salient topics in this emerging strand of research, including the social stratification of TSP, the link between TSP and cosmopolitan attitudes, and the issue of classifying TSP into meaningful subdimensions. We conclude with a discussion of several avenues for future research, including the relation between TSP and the increasing societal polarization between “locals” and “globals,” the need to go beyond the field's current Eurocentrism to study TSP comparatively in all parts of the world, and the prospects of methodological and technical advances in research on TSP, including network‐analytic approaches and geo‐tagged digital‐trace data.
Holding On or Letting Go? Persistence and Disengagement in Goal Striving
Authors: Brandstätter Veronika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGoals shape our personal identities, structure our everyday lives, regulate our behavior, and thus are in fact one of the most important sources of performance and well‐being. Successful goal striving unfolds between tenacious persistence on the one hand and timely disengagement on the other when a goal has become futile and too costly. Disengagement from goals is often difficult, however. Issues of unproductive persistence and (unsuccessful) goal disengagement have, for a long time, been addressed primarily in the realm of monetary decision‐making (escalation of commitment). In the more recent past, research on personal goals has devoted attention to issues of goal disengagement, doing so from two different research perspectives (individual differences approach, process‐oriented approach). This essay gives an overview of traditional and current research on goal disengagement with its practical implications for the individual but also on a societal level, and outlines promising lines of research addressing fundamental questions still unanswered.
Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Refugee Youth in Resettlement
Authors: Kia‐Keating Maryam , Liu Sabrina R. , Sims Ginette M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The global refugee crisis has reached unprecedented levels in scale and severity. Refugee youth face adversities at every phase of their experience; however, compared to premigration and migration, far less is understood about postmigration factors impacting well‐being. An overemphasis on traumatic stress has led to a gap in the research on resilience, protective, and promotive factors during resettlement. In contrast to a deficit model, the socioecological framework provides a holistic understanding of individual functioning. It is vital for future research to utilize a socioecological framework to highlight protective and promotive factors and inform policy and prevention efforts that target contextual and macro‐level processes that can benefit refugee youth development. Participatory, human‐centered, and empowerment approaches are emergent strategies that view and treat refugee youth populations as equitable partners, building their agency to move toward social action and help lead the efforts in reducing health disparities and supporting refugee resilience in resettlement.
Gender and School‐to‐Work Transitions Research
Authors: Smyth Emer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis essay critically reflects on existing conceptualizations of gender in school‐to‐work transitions research. Gender is always included as a “control” variable in analyses of post‐school transitions, but the way in which gender is embedded in institutional structures across different national settings is rarely unpacked in a systematic way. The essay draws on recent research to outline the way in which gender differences in labor market outcomes, especially at the early stages of the career, are likely to reflect variation in the nature of education and training systems. In doing so, it argues for the need to build bridges between transitions research and other sociological accounts of education and gender and highlights methodological challenges in combining insights from detailed case‐studies of specific workplaces and from multivariate analyses of large‐scale national and cross‐national data sets.
The Diffusion of Scientific Innovations: Arguments for an Integrated Approach
Authors: Herfeld Catherine , Doehne Malte 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough the diffusion of scientific innovations has been studied for a long time and in various disciplines, little work has been done to integrate findings into a larger framework. In this essay, we offer an integrated approach to studying how scientific innovations spread within and across preexisting and newly emerging research fields. Drawing on ‘sociology of science,’ ‘philosophy of science,’ and ‘history of science,’ we develop a framework that captures how scientific innovations are modified in the process of their adoption. This framework allows to specify conditions under which scientific innovations diffuse and to characterize the process of diffusion. We argue that the time is ripe for such an integrated view and suggest future lines of research for developing it further.