bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Collaborative Model for Facilitating the Delivery of Smoking Cessation Treatments to Cancer Patients: Results From Three Oncology Practices in South Carolina
Authors: Kilpatrick Daniel J. , Cartmell Kathleen B. , Diedhiou Abdoulaye , Cummings K. Michael , Warren Graham W. , Wynne Kathleen L. , Biggers Sharon R. , Gillam Pamela S. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Continued smoking by cancer patients causes adverse cancer treatment outcomes, but few patients receive evidence-based smoking cessation as a standard of care.Aim: To evaluate practical strategies to promote wide-scale dissemination and implementation of evidence-based tobacco cessation services within state cancer centers.Methods: A Collaborative Learning Model (CLM) for Quality Improvement was evaluated with three community oncology practices to identify barriers and facilitate practice change to deliver evidence-based smoking cessation treatments to cancer patients using standardized assessments and referrals to statewide smoking cessation resources. Patients were enrolled and tracked through an automated data system and received follow-up cessation support post-enrollment. Monthly quantitative reports and qualitative data gathered through interviews and collaborative learning sessions were used to evaluate meaningful quality improvement changes in each cancer center.Results: Baseline practice evaluation for the CLM identified the lack of tobacco use documentation, awareness of cessation guidelines, and awareness of services for patients as common barriers. Implementation of a structured assessment and referral process demonstrated that of 1,632 newly registered cancer patients,1,581 (97%) were screened for tobacco use. Among those screened, 283 (18%) were found to be tobacco users. Of identified tobacco users, 207 (73%) were advised to quit. Referral of new patients who reported using tobacco to an evidence-based cessation program increased from 0% at baseline across all three cancer centers to 64% (range = 30%–89%) during the project period.Conclusions: Implementation of quality improvement learning collaborative models can dramatically improve delivery of guideline-based tobacco cessation treatments to cancer patients.
A STRUCTURED DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS SPECTRUM OF ABELIAN p-GROUPS
Authors: MÜLLER JÜRGEN , SARKAR SIDDHARTHA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe genus spectrum of a finite group G is the set of all g such that G acts faithfully on a compact Riemann surface of genus g. It is an open problem to find a general description of the genus spectrum of the groups in interesting classes, such as the Abelian p-groups. Motivated by earlier work of Talu for odd primes, we develop a general combinatorial method, for arbitrary primes, to obtain a structured description of the so-called reduced genus spectrum of Abelian p-groups, including the reduced minimum genus. In particular, we determine the complete genus spectrum for a large subclass, namely, those having ‘large’ defining invariants. With our method we construct infinitely many counterexamples to a conjecture of Talu, which states that an Abelian p-group is recoverable from its genus spectrum. Finally, we give a series of examples of our method, in the course of which we prove, for example, that almost all elementary Abelian p-groups are uniquely determined by their minimum genus, and that almost all Abelian p-groups of exponent p2 are uniquely determined by their minimum genus and Kulkarni invariant.
A pre-post pilot study of electronic cigarettes to reduce smoking in people with severe mental illness
Authors: Hickling Lauren M. , Perez-Iglesias Rocio , McNeill Ann , Dawkins Lynne , Moxham John , Ruffell Tamatha , Sendt Kyra-Verena , McGuire Philip 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is the largest single contributor to poor physical health and increased mortality in people with serious mental illnesses. The aim of the study was to investigate the utility of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a harm reduction intervention in this population.MethodFifty tobacco smokers with a psychotic disorder were enrolled onto a 24-week pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02212041) investigating the efficacy of a 6-week free e-cigarette intervention to reduce smoking. Cigarette and e-cigarette use was self-reported at weekly visits, and verified using carbon monoxide tests. Psychopathology, e-cigarette acceptability and adverse effects were assessed using standardised scales.ResultsThere was a significant (⩾50%) reduction in cigarettes consumed per day between baseline and week 6 [F(2.596,116.800) = 25.878, p < 0.001], and e-cigarette use was stable during this period [F(2.932,46.504) = 2.023, p = 0.115]. These changes were verified by significant carbon monoxide reductions between these time points [F(3.335,126.633) = 5.063, p = 0.002].ConclusionsThe provision of e-cigarettes is a potentially useful harm reduction intervention in smokers with a psychotic disorder.
Holy, holy, holy: divine holiness and divine perfection
Authors: MURPHY MARK C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite being emphatically ascribed to God in Scripture, holiness is little examined in the current literature on the divine attributes. This article defends a normative theory of holiness, taking as its point of departure Rudolf Otto's classic account of the phenomenology of the experience of holiness as that of a mysterium tremendum et fascinans. To be holy is to merit this dual response, that is, to merit both the overwhelming attraction and distinctive sort of repulsion that is characteristic of the experience of holiness. It is plausibly an implication of this account that a supremely holy being – one who is holy, holy, holy – must be the most perfect possible being.
DEFINING INNOVATION WITH RESPECT TO NEW MEDICINES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FROM A PAYER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: de Solà-Morales Oriol , Cunningham David , Flume Mathias , Overton Paul M. , Shalet Natalie , Capri Stefano 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate how innovation is defined with respect to new medicines.Methods:MEDLINE, Embase, and EconLit databases were searched for articles published between January 1, 2010 and May 25, 2016 that described a relevant definition of innovation. Identified definitions were analyzed by mapping the concepts described onto a set of ten dimensions of innovation.Results:In total, thirty-six articles were included, and described a total of twenty-five different definitions of innovation. The most commonly occurring dimension was therapeutic benefit, with novelty and the availability of existing treatments the second and third most common dimensions. Overall, there was little agreement in the published literature on what characteristics of new medicines constitute rewardable innovation.Conclusions:Alignment across countries and among regulators, health technology assessment bodies and payers would help manufacturers define research policies that can drive innovation, but may be challenging, as judgements about what aspects of innovation should be rewarded vary among stakeholders, and depend on political and societal factors.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT UNIT PROCESSES FOR THE VALIDATION OF AN INFORMATION TOOL TO INVOLVE PATIENTS IN THE SAFETY OF THEIR CARE
Authors: Poder Thomas G. , Carrier Nathalie , Bédard Suzanne K. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:Patients and families play an important role in preventing adverse events. The quality council at our hospital produced a communication tool in considering the main causes of adverse events and requested the health technology assessment (HTA) unit to validate it.Objectives:Assess the validity of the content of a tablemat sticker as an information tool for hospitalized patients.Methods:A qualitative validation was first performed with individual interviews and focus groups to evaluate the understanding of the content. The tool was modified and as a second step, a survey was conducted on patients and their families from a surgical care unit to validate their understanding and relevance of the content.Results:From the survey, patients and families found the tablemat attractive and stimulating (97 percent). It encouraged them to communicate with staff about the safety of their care (84 percent). They understood well the objective (79 percent) and text (90 percent), but less for the pictograms (30 percent to 62 percent). The communication and recommendations to avoid falling were good and 99 percent were wearing the medical identification. However, it was not clear that these indicators represented the real concerns of the patients and healthcare staff because no user evaluation was done when developing the tool.Conclusions:The tool was well understood, but some improvements are needed considering that pictograms were not always well understood and so need careful consideration from patient perspective. The HTA unit recommended conducting an unbiased survey to assess the concerns of patients and professionals to identify the most relevant indicators.
Clinical impact of a novel ambulatory rhythm monitor in children
Authors: May Joseph W. , Carter Elizabeth L. , Hitt J. Ryan , Burklow Thomas R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTraditional ambulatory rhythm monitoring in children can have limitations, including cumbersome leads and limited monitoring duration. The ZioTM patch ambulatory monitor is a small, adhesive, single-channel rhythm monitor that can be worn up to 2 weeks. In this study, we present a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the ZioTM monitor’s impact in clinical practice. Patients aged 0–18 years were included in the study. A total of 373 studies were reviewed in 332 patients. In all, 28.4% had structural heart disease, and 16.9% had a prior surgical, catheterisation, or electrophysiology procedure. The most common indication for monitoring was tachypalpitations (41%); 93.5% of these patients had their symptoms captured during the study window. The median duration of monitoring was 5 days. Overall, 5.1% of ZioTM monitoring identified arrhythmias requiring new intervention or increased medical management; 4.0% identified arrhythmias requiring increased clinical surveillance. The remainder had either normal-variant rhythm or minor rhythm findings requiring no change in management. For patients with tachypalpitations and no structural heart disease, 13.2% had pathological arrhythmias, but 72.9% had normal-variant rhythm during symptoms, allowing discharge from cardiology care. Notably, for patients with findings requiring intervention or increased surveillance, 56% had findings first identified beyond 24 hours, and only 62% were patient-triggered findings. Seven studies (1.9%) were associated with complications or patient intolerance. The ZioTM is a well-tolerated device that may improve what traditional Holter and event monitoring would detect in paediatric cardiology patients. This study shows a positive clinical impact on the management of patients within a paediatric cardiology practice.
The role of autophagy during osteoclastogenesis under microgravity conditions
Authors: Markolefa Ioanna , Lambrou George I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpace represents a rather hostile environment for the human body, with the bone loss being one of the most important consequences. Autophagy is a complex cellular process contributing to several cellular processes including recycling, nutrition, apoptosis and response to stressful environments. Recent reports have indicated that autophagy is a process that increases under microgravity conditions. In particular, this was shown to be true in skeletal cells such as the osteoclasts. Suppression of autophagy results in downregulation of osteoclastogenesis, making autophagy a quite tempting therapeutic target for preventing bone loss during space flights. The present work attempts to review the literature on the topic of autophagy role in osteoclastogenesis under microgravity conditions.
Seeing the Bigger Picture: Conspiratorial Revisions of World War II History in Recent Russian Cinema
Authors: Noordenbos Boris 
Published: July 2018

This article analyzes revisions of World War II history in recent Russian cinema and television, including the feature filmThe Match(Andrei Maliukov, 2012),Spy (Aleksei Andrianov, 2012), and the television seriesLiquidation(Sergei Ursuliak, 2007). All these productions rely on the logic of conspiracy theory for their reimaginations of war history: pivotal developments during the war or its aftermath are presented as the result of subterranean manipulations by enemies or intelligence services. Through a narrative and visual analysis, the article shows how these films and series use the notion of conspiracy to reformat the contexts of wartime events and to place them within a speculative “bigger picture.” In doing so, they infer that what we know about the past is merely a part or effect of larger, hidden designs. Finally, the article situates these findings within a wider “reconciliation with the Soviet” in Putin-era culture, which increasingly centers on the remembrance of World War II.
Die deutsche Version des „Driving Cognitions Questionnaire“ (DCQ)
Authors: Heider Jens , Fischer Carolin , Schröder Annette 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Kenntnis spezifischer Kognitionen autofahrphobischer Patient_innen kann zum Verständnis der Ätiologie der Autofahrphobie sowie deren differentialdiagnostischer Abgrenzung beitragen. Die Modifikation dysfunktionaler Kognitionen bei Autofahrphobie ist zudem Ziel kognitiv-behavioraler Therapien. Bisher liegt jedoch kein deutschsprachiges Messinstrument vor, um spezifische Kognitionen bei Autofahrphobie zu erfassen, sodass die Skala „Driving Cognitions Questionnaire“ (DCQ) von Ehlers et al. (2007) ins Deutsche übersetzt wurde. Erfasst werden panikbezogene Sorgen, unfallbezogene Sorgen und Sorgen über die Bewertung durch Andere. Ziel ist eine psychometrische Validierung der deutschen Übersetzung des DCQ. Methode: Der DCQ wurde 98 ambulanten Psychotherapiepatient_innen sowie 843 Personen im Rahmen einer Online-Erhebung vorgelegt. Zur Validierung des deutschsprachigen Messinstruments wurde eine gekürzte Adaptation des „Driving Situations Questionnaire“ (DSQ) von Ehlers, Hofmann, Herda & Roth (1994) sowie das „Brief Symptom Inventory 18“ (BSI-18) von Franke et al. (2011) herangezogen. Dargestellt werden sowohl item- und skalentheoretische Befunde als auch faktorenanalytische Ergebnisse. Ergebnis: Die exploratorische Faktorenanalyse bestätigt die dreifaktorielle Struktur der Originalversion und konfirmatorisch führt ein bifaktorielles Modell zu einem guten Fit. Es liegen Belege für eine gute Reliabilität (.86 ≤ α ≤ .89) und Validität vor. Schlussfolgerung: Die deutsche Version des DCQ ist sowohl für Forschung als auch für die klinische Praxis einsetzbar und kann als Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen in Bereichen der Klassifikation, Ätiologie und der Entwicklung von Behandlungsansätzen genutzt werden.
Identifying Sustained Drought Anomalies in Hydrological Records: A Wavelet Approach
Authors: Rashid Md. Mamunur , Johnson Fiona , Sharma Ashish 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIdentification of climatic drivers that simulate the variability of year to multiyear sustained rainfall anomalies is important for water resource management. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the relationship of drought and climatic variables filtered to represent specific frequency bands using a wavelet transform. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to represent drought periods and wet anomalies over Australia. Strong evidence is found that the year to multiyear SPI extremes are strongly related to the low‐frequency signal present in climate variables. Interannual variability (period of 3.73 and 7.4 years) of climate variables are associated with drought at the annual scale, whereas multiyear droughts are strongly influenced by the variability at interdecadal frequencies (period of 14.9 years). The strength of these relationships is found to vary with climate variables and regions. While significant negative correlation between SPI and surface air temperature at interannual and interdecadal frequencies exists over the eastern Australia, this relationship is positive for parts of Western Australia. Regional analysis for 13 river basins over Australia indicates that wavelet decomposed low frequencies of climate variables perform better at predicting drought and wet periods than the unfiltered climate variables. Identifying filtered climatic predictors has significant potential in reconstructing drought records in past climates as well as simulating likely drought for future climates. Additionally, the selection of filtered climatic predictor variables enables an assessment of the improvements needed in climate model simulations so as to improve our ability to better simulate drought or sustained wet extremes.
Genomes of two archaeal endosymbionts show convergent adaptations to an intracellular lifestyle
Authors: Lind Anders E , Lewis William H , Spang Anja , Guy Lionel , Embley T Martin , Ettema Thijs J G 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Endosymbiosis is a widespread phenomenon in the microbial world and can be based on diverse interactions between endosymbiont and host cell. The vast majority of the known endosymbiotic interactions involve bacteria that have invaded eukaryotic host cells. However, methanogenic archaea have been found to thrive in anaerobic, hydrogenosome-containing protists and it was suggested that this symbiosis is based on the transfer of hydrogen. Here, we used culture-independent genomics approaches to sequence the genomes of two distantly related methanogenic endosymbionts that have been acquired in two independent events by closely related anaerobic ciliate hosts Nyctotherus ovalis and Metopus contortus, respectively. The sequences obtained were then validated as originating from the ciliate endosymbionts by in situ probing experiments. Comparative analyses of these genomes and their closest free-living counterparts reveal that the genomes of both endosymbionts are in an early stage of adaptation towards endosymbiosis as evidenced by the large number of genes undergoing pseudogenization. For instance, the observed loss of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis in both endosymbiont genomes indicates that the endosymbionts rely on their hosts for obtaining several essential nutrients. Furthermore, the endosymbionts appear to have gained significant amounts of genes of potentially secreted proteins, providing targets for future studies aiming to elucidate possible mechanisms underpinning host-interactions. Altogether, our results provide the first genomic insights into prokaryotic endosymbioses from the archaeal domain of life.
Methanol consumption drives the bacterial chloromethane sink in a forest soil
Authors: Chaignaud Pauline , Morawe Mareen , Besaury Ludovic , Kröber Eileen , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Bringel Françoise , Kolb Steffen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by terrestrial ecosystems, such as chloromethane (CH3Cl), have pronounced effects on troposphere and stratosphere chemistry and climate. The magnitude of the global CH3Cl sink is uncertain since it involves a largely uncharacterized microbial sink. CH3Cl represents a growth substrate for some specialized methylotrophs, while methanol (CH3OH), formed in much larger amounts in terrestrial environments, may be more widely used by such microorganisms. Direct measurements of CH3Cl degradation rates in two field campaigns and in microcosms allowed the identification of top soil horizons (i.e., organic plus mineral A horizon) as the major biotic sink in a deciduous forest. Metabolically active members of Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were identified by taxonomic and functional gene biomarkers following stable isotope labeling (SIP) of microcosms with CH3Cl and CH3OH, added alone or together as the [13C]-isotopologue. Well-studied reference CH3Cl degraders, such as Methylobacterium extorquens CM4, were not involved in the sink activity of the studied soil. Nonetheless, only sequences of the cmuA chloromethane dehalogenase gene highly similar to those of known strains were detected, suggesting the relevance of horizontal gene transfer for CH3Cl degradation in forest soil. Further, CH3Cl consumption rate increased in the presence of CH3OH. Members of Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were also 13C-labeled upon [13C]-CH3OH amendment. These findings suggest that key bacterial CH3Cl degraders in forest soil benefit from CH3OH as an alternative substrate. For soil CH3Cl-utilizing methylotrophs, utilization of several one-carbon compounds may represent a competitive advantage over heterotrophs that cannot utilize one-carbon compounds.
Liver-specific deletion of Eva1a/Tmem166 aggravates acute liver injury by impairing autophagy
Authors: Lin Xin , Cui Ming , Xu Dong , Hong Dubeiqi , Xia Yan , Xu Chentong , Li Riyong , Zhang Xuan , Lou Yaxin , He Qihua , Lv Ping , Chen Yingyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is an inflammation-mediated hepatocellular injury process associated with cellular autophagy. However, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates ALF remains undefined. Herein, we demonstrated that Eva1a (eva-1 homolog A)/Tmem166 (transmembrane protein 166), an autophagy-related gene, can protect mice from ALF induced by d-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via autophagy. Our findings indicate that a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Eva1a aggravated hepatic injury in ALF mice, as evidenced by increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα and IL-6), which was associated with disordered liver architecture exhibited by Eva1a−/− mouse livers with ALF. Moreover, we found that the decreased autophagy in Eva1a−/− mouse liver resulted in the substantial accumulation of swollen mitochondria in ALF, resulting in a lack of ATP generation, and consequently hepatocyte apoptosis or death. The administration of Adeno-Associated Virus Eva1a (AAV-Eva1a) or antophagy-inducer rapamycin increased autophagy and provided protection against liver injury in Eva1a−/− mice with ALF, suggesting that defective autophagy is a significant mechanism of ALF in mice. Collectively, for the first time, we have demonstrated that Eva1a-mediated autophagy ameliorated liver injury in mice with ALF by attenuating inflammatory responses and apoptosis, indicating a potential therapeutic application for ALF.
Novel variants in COL4A4 and COL4A5 are rare causes of FSGS in two unrelated families
Authors: Hines Stephanie L. , Agarwal Anjali , Ghandour Mohamedanwar , Aslam Nabeel , Mohammad Ahmed N. , Atwal Paldeep S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report two female patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. The first patient was found to have a heterozygous, de novo, pathogenic variant in COL4A5 (c.141+1G>A, IVS2+1G>A), which is associated with Alport syndrome. The second patient was found to have a heterozygous, likely pathogenic variant in COL4A4 (c.2842G>T). Both these variants in COL4A5 and COL4A4 are novel, and they were detected using whole exome sequencing and gene panel testing, respectively. Additionally, we discuss the complexities of diagnosis in such cases and the benefits of using the abovementioned diagnostic approaches.