bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mécanologie : une lignée technologique francophone ?
Authors: Guffroy Yohann , Bontems Vincent 
Published: June 2019

L’objet de cet article est de retracer la généalogie de la « mécanologie » ou « science des machines ». Trois périodes sont considérées : de la publication des Réflexions sur la science des machines de Jacques Lafitte, en 1932, à la publication de la thèse complémentaire de Gilbert Simondon, Du mode d’existence des objets techniques, en 1958 ; puis de 1968, date à laquelle Jean Le Moyne apprend l’existence de Lafitte à Simondon, à 1976, date du second et dernier colloque de mécanologie à Paris ; enfin, de 1976 à la fin du xxe siècle, pour observer la manière dont différents continuateurs se sont emparés de certains éléments théoriques mis en avant par Lafitte et Simondon, notamment de la notion de « lignée technique » et de la visée « génétique » qui lui est associée. En conclusion, on fera valoir que la mécanologie constitue une proposition méthodologique originale dans le champ des études technologiques.
Quand monnaies et médailles s’offrent un nouveau parcours
Authors: Antérion Dominique 
Published: June 2019

Le musée du 11 Conti-Monnaie de Paris inauguré le 25 septembre 2017, est le troisième depuis 1833 à avoir été aménagé sur le site de l’Hôtel de la Monnaie (Paris 6e). Totalement différent des deux précédents, il propose au public un cheminement thématique où s’enchaînent successivement l’histoire et la physique des matières premières, l’histoire des différentes méthodes de gravure et de frappe, la présentation de l’Établissement monétaire de Pessac, les fonctions et usages de la monnaie, l’art de la collection, les trésors et les œuvres d’exception dans les domaines de la monnaie, de la médaille ou encore du bijou. Riche d’un parc multimédia important, ce musée témoigne aussi et surtout de la richesse et de la diversité des collections de la Monnaie de Paris dont l’importance – due à plusieurs siècles d’enrichissement – et la gestion au quotidien vont bien au-delà du seul parcours permanent.
Aux sources des collections patrimoniales de la Monnaie de Paris
Authors: Coullaré Béatrice 
Published: June 2019

La Monnaie des Médailles, qui fabriquait les médailles et les jetons des rois de France, conservait tous les outillages nécessaires à la frappe de ces objets dans son atelier. Quand Louis XIV nomma Nicolas Delaunay (1646-1727) « directeur du balancier des Médailles » en 1696, il lui demanda d’établir un inventaire détaillé. Ce travail de compilation dénotait, déjà à l’époque, l’intérêt suscité pour la valeur artistique et technique de ce fonds. Quand la Monnaie des Médailles fut réunie à la Commission des Monnaies en 1832, on décida de créer un musée monétaire. Installé dans les salons d’honneur de l’Hôtel des Monnaies, il reçut en dotation tous les outillages de médailles et de jetons hérités des souverains d’Ancien Régime. Sa mission était de servir de vitrine diplomatique pour promouvoir les savoir-faire artistiques et techniques des ateliers de fabrication. Aujourd’hui, le nouveau musée du 11 Conti expose soixante-dix poinçons et matrices en une présentation unique et didactique.
An analysis of the demand for business aircraft among the corporate sector in South Africa
Authors: Mabotja Mpho J. , Mampana Ngoasheng J. , Tavengwa Bernard , Walters Jacobus , Mearns Martie A. , Swanepoel Elana 
Published: June 2019

Background: Business aircraft fulfil a major need in providing access and mobility solutions not generally offered by scheduled commercial aircraft. These aircraft often make use of secondary airports in outlying areas thus encouraging economic development. Business aviation is, in general, growing throughout the world and also in some African countries, but appears to be subdued in South Africa. The purpose of this research project was to determine the demand characteristics for business aviation aircraft in South Africa.Objectives: The primary research objective was to determine the demand for business aircraft in South Africa, as well as the nature and characteristics of the users and non-users of business aircraft among the top 100 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE).Method: A pragmatic research philosophy guided an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. Findings from face-to-face interviews with aviation experts were utilised to develop the research questionnaire distributed to the top 100 JSE-listed companies.Results: The potential future growth for the business aircraft market is most likely to come from existing users, with marginal growth from new entrants in the market. Perceived costs are major deterrents to the utilisation of business aircraft.Conclusion: The research provides market intelligence necessary to guide business aviation companies to efficiently service or expand the market for business aircraft in South Africa, contributing to the existing knowledge in air transport.
A flexible air separation process: 1. Design and steady‐state optimizations
Authors: Caspari Adrian , Offermanns Christoph , Schäfer Pascal , Mhamdi Adel , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe flexible operation of energy‐intensive processes, such as cryogenic air separation, has economic potential due to increasing fluctuations of the electricity markets. Multiproduct air separation processes with high ratios of liquid product are very promising for flexible operation due to storable products. We present a process design with an integrated liquefication cycle and liquid assist operation, that facilitates a high liquid product ratio and a flexible process operation. We use a mechanistic dynamic process model in steady‐state process optimizations covering the wide operational range of the proposed process. The optimization results show that the power demand can be varied in a range from 3.5 to 28 MW without violating operational constraints by changing the nitrogen and oxygen production rates. Thus, the proposed process is a promising air separation candidate for flexible operation with respect to fluctuating electricity markets.
Quantification of process flexibility via space projection
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zheng Chenglin , Zhang Shuhui , Zhu Lingyu , Chen Xi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlexibility index is an effective indicator for characterizing the operational flexibility of a process design model. In this work, the concept of δ‐space projection is proposed and defined from the view of solution space, and the flexibility index can be quantified without solving any optimization problems. First, the flexibility index problem is reformulated as an existential quantifier model. Then, the projection operator in the cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) method is introduced to project the solution space onto the one‐dimensional feasible space of the flexibility index. Subsequently, all the candidate values of the flexibility index, which may refer to the locations of the critical points, that is, vertexes and tangency points, are extracted. Last, two δ‐checking rules based on the traditional and improved CAD methods are proposed for finding the flexibility index. The case studies show that the proposed method can exactly find the flexibility index, regardless of convex or nonconvex systems.
Height prediction in elite Italian rugby players: A prospective study
Authors: Toselli Stefania , Merni Franco , Campa Francesco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the validity of the Mirwald equation as an estimate of height in a cohort of rugby players.MethodsThis was a prospective study with agreement analysis of height assessments conducted in 39 male youth rugby players (mean age 15.1 ± 0.9 years). During the 2007/2008 season, 151 young athletes were selected by rugby coaches using subjective decisions based on current performance and future potential. The rugby players were measured by physician experts and their height was estimated using the Mirwald formula (MF). Only 39 athletes were finally selected because they reached an elite level, allowing actual adult height to be collected from the official team websites in June 2018. Method agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, regression, and plotted by Bland and Altman analysis.ResultsTwenty athletes played in the Italian National team and 19 in the First Italian Division (Eccellenza). Overall, they presented an early maturation and the MF was able to accurately estimate height. The MF underestimated height (187.4–189.1 cm) and showed a high association with actual adult players' height (r = 0.925, P < .001).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the MF, whose estimation of stature is based on height, sitting height, body mass, and leg length is able to predict stature in rugby players.
Characterization of filter media prepared from aligned nanofibers for fine dust screen
Authors: Feng Jia Ping , Wang Jie , Hwang Won Tae , Jo Young Min 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTNanofibers for fine dust filters of four structures (random, aligned, orthogonal, and nanofiber net) were prepared by electrospinning method using polymers such as PAN and PA6. While conventional electret filters experienced deterioration problems in fine dust(PM1.0) capture as its surface charge decayed, the electrospun nanofibers prepared contributed to the removal capacity. The filters from aligned fibers showed high quality factors (
q
F: filter performance indicator) and filtration efficiency from 22 to 50% depending on particle size than simple electret media at a face velocity of 15.92 cm/s. The fiber structure of nanofiber net (NFN) presented almost absolute collection efficiency, particularly on dust particles smaller than 300 nm. Furthermore, the composite filters which are composed both of a commercial electret mask filters and nanofiber nets effectively enhanced the overall filtration efficiency by 59.46%, resulting in more than 99% for PM1.0. Consequently, electrospun polymer nanofibers offer a promising plausible mask filter material with air permeability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48166.
Photostable methylene blue‐loaded silica particles used as label for immunosorbent assay of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Cheeveewattanagul Nopchulee , Tien Tran Thanh , Rijiravanich Patsamon , Surareungchai Werasak , Somasundrum Mithran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSalmonella Typhimurium is a major cause of food poisoning. To solve the limitations of the routine enzyme linked immunosorbent assay such as laborious assay procedure, lack of long‐term enzyme stability, and insufficient sensitivity, we provided a non‐enzymatic colorimetric immunosorbent assay platform to overcome these problems. The highly photostable redox dye particles was constructed by silica particles (diameter = 598 ± 14.4 nm) loaded with methylene blue (Si‐MB) and applied to be a label for immunoassay of S. Typhimurium. The sandwich assay format involved incubation of an analyte in a microplate wells modified with monoclonal anti‐Salmonella, followed by exposure to a polyclonal anti‐Salmonella/Si‐MB bioconjugate and then measurement of absorbance at 598 nm. The platform had an assay time of 20 min, could detect heat‐killed Salmonella with a limit of detection of 48 CFU mL−1, and gave good recoveries in milk. The labels could be stored at 4 °C for 70 days without any deterioration.
Allogeneic murine pregnancy models for assessing the developmental effects of immune‐stimulating antibodies: Challenges in reproducibility
Authors: Thompson Kary E. , Danberry Tracy L. , Bunch Roderick T. , Graziano Michael J. , McNerney Mary E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiterature suggests that murine allogeneic pregnancy models are an alternative approach for evaluating the developmental toxicity of immune‐stimulating agents. In this study, multiple syngeneic and allogeneic murine pregnancy models were used to assess the potential embryo‐fetal effects of four different murine antibodies (IgG1 or IgG2) that activate the immune system by binding to T‐cell receptors (PD‐L1, LAG‐3, and GITR). The pregnancy models were generated by within and between matings of five different inbred strains of mice (CBA/CaJ, DBA/2J, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and CBA/J). The antibodies were administered every 2–3 days by intraperitoneal injection (n = 12–29/group) during gestation days 6 to 14. There were no differences in embryo‐fetal endpoints between the allogeneic and syngeneic pregnancies. Additionally, treatment with the antibodies had no effect on mean postimplantation loss in either the syngeneic or allogeneic pregnancies despite confirmation of pharmacologically‐relevant systemic exposures. These results suggest that allogeneic murine pregnancy models need further validation and testing before they can be reliably used as an alternative approach for assessing the developmental effects of agents that stimulate the immune system.
Microbial enrichment and multiplexed microfiltration for accelerated detection of Salmonella in spinach
Authors: Ku Seockmo , Ximenes Eduardo , Kreke Thomas , Foster Kirk , Couetil Justin L. , Zuponcic Jessica , Zhao Xiaojun , Hoagland Lori , Deering Amanda J. , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo attain Salmonella detection thresholds in spinach suspensions using enrichment media requires at least 24 hr. Separation and concentration of selected microorganisms via microfiltration and microfugation reduce time for sample preparation, especially when working with large volumes of vegetable suspensions. This facilitates accelerated detection of Salmonella in spinach suspensions, and may contribute to effectively monitoring this pathogen before it reaches the consumer. We report a microfiltration‐based protocol for accelerated sample preparation to concentrate and recover ≤1 colony forming unit (CFU) Salmonella/g pathogen‐free spinach. Store‐bought samples of spinach and a spinach plant subjected to two environmental conditions (temperature and light exposure) during its production were tested. The overall procedure involves extraction with buffer, a short enrichment step, prefiltration using a nylon filter, crossflow hollow fiber microfiltration, and retentate centrifugation to bring microbial cells to detection levels. Based on 1 CFU Salmonella/g frozen spinach, and a Poisson distribution statistical analyses with 99% probability, we calculated that 3 hr of incubation, when followed by microfiltration, is sufficient to reach the 2 log concentration required for Salmonella detection within 7 hr. Longer enrichment times (5 hr or more) is needed for concentrations lower than 1 CFU Salmonella/g of ready to eat spinach. The recovered microbial cells were identified and confirmed as Salmonella using both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plating methods. Different environmental conditions tested during production did not affect Salmonella viability; this demonstrated the broad adaptability of Salmonella and emphasized the need for methods that enable efficient monitoring of production for the presence of this pathogen.
lncRNA HCG11 regulates cell progression by targeting miR‐543 and regulating AKT/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Yan‐Chao , He Wen‐Yan , Dong Chun‐Hui , Pei Long , Ma Yong‐Liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer worldwide, which mostly occurs in males over the age of 50. Accumulating evidence have determined that long non‐coding RNA/microRNA (lncRNA/miRNA) axis plays a critical role in cell progression of cancers, including PCa. However, the pathogenesis of PCa has not been fully indicated. In this study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HCG11 and miR‐543. Western blot was applied to measure the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cleavage‐caspase 3 (cle‐caspase 3), N‐cadherin, E‐cadherin, GAPDH, P‐AKT, AKT, p‐mTOR, and mTOR. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), transwell invasion, and transwell migration assay were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. The function and mechanism of lncRNA HCG11 were confirmed in PCa cell and xenograft mice models. Luciferase assay indicated that miR‐543 was a target miRNA of HCG11. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of HCG11 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas induced cell apoptosis by regulating miR‐543 expression in vitro and in vivo. More than that, lncRNA HCG11 inhibited phosphoinositide‐3 kinase/protein kinaseB (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway to suppress PCa progression. Our data showed the overexpression of HGC11‐inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by downregulating miR‐543 expression, resulting in the suppression of cell growth in PCa. This finding proved a new regulatory network in PCa and provided a novel therapeutic target of PCa.
Metapopulations revisited: the area‐dependence of dispersal matters
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Altermatt Florian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe metapopulation concept initiated a paradigm shift in ecology and conservation biology, recognizing the eminent role of dispersal and colonization as fundamental processes contributing to species’ long‐term persistence. Early models made ad hoc assumptions about a positive area dependency of dispersal (i.e., total number of emigrants), which persisted in the theoretical literature; however, numerous empirical examples of negative area dependencies of dispersal have been reported. Here, we first give a qualitative overview for different area dependencies of dispersal in empirical systems. Then, using a spatially realistic Levins model, we show that extending assumptions on the area dependence of dispersal (ADD) to include all empirically supported parameter space, specifically also negative ADD, alters predictions on several conservation‐relevant patterns. Importantly, we find that small patches could be of similar importance as large ones if dispersal decreases inversely with patch area, a result contrasting with previous findings based on a positive ADD. This leads to context‐dependent strategies to preserve metapopulations. If dispersal is positively correlated with patch area, efforts should be devoted to preserving large patches and the total habitat area. If dispersal is negatively correlated with patch area, the most efficient strategy is to preserve a high number of patches, including small ones. Our results have direct implications for management decisions in the context of destruction, deterioration, and protection of habitat patches.
An implicit high‐order preconditioned flux reconstruction method for low‐Mach‐number flow simulation with dynamic meshes
Authors: Wang Lai , Yu Meilin 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA fully implicit high‐order preconditioned flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) method is developed to solve the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations at low Mach numbers. A dual‐time stepping approach with the second‐order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) is employed to ensure temporal accuracy for unsteady flow simulation. When dynamic meshes are used to handle moving/deforming domains, the geometric conservation law is implicitly enforced to eliminate errors due to the resolution discrepancy between BDF2 and the spatial FR/CPR discretization. The large linear system resulted from the spatial and temporal discretizations is tackled with the restarted generalized minimal residual solver in the PETSc (portable, extensible toolkit for scientific computation) library. Through several benchmark steady and unsteady numerical tests, the preconditioned FR/CPR methods have demonstrated good convergence and accuracy for simulating flows at low Mach numbers. The new flow solver is then used to study the effects of Mach number on unsteady force generation over a plunging airfoil when operating in low‐Mach‐number flows. It is observed that weak compressibility has a significant impact on thrust generation but has a negligible effect on lift generation of an oscillating airfoil.
Chemically modified electrospun nanofiber for high adsorption and effective photocatalytic decontamination of organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Lakshmi Krishnasamy , Kadirvelu Krishna , Mohan Palathurai Subramanian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrganophosphorus (OP) pesticides are widely used to prevent the destruction of crops by various pests, including insects and rodents, which can affect the yield. On the other hand, the use of OP pesticides is linked to various disorders in animals and humans who are exposed to pesticides directly or indirectly. The current study deals with the use of lanthanum (La)‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals grown on electrospun nanofibers for photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion (MP), an important OP pesticide.RESULTSThe electrospinning process was optimized using various parameters. Similarly, the crystal growth conditions such as La concentration, pH, temperature and time were optimized for further studies. Complete degradation was achieved at 150 min from the start and was supported by a reduction in photoluminescence of the reaction mixture. The total organic carbon content was used to decide the mineralization of the toxin. The degradation followed first‐order kinetics with rate constant 0.018 min−1. Hence MP was successfully degraded using La‐ZnO/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, and the degraded by‐product was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis.CONCLUSIONChemically modified La‐ZnO/PAN nanofibers were an efficient material to decontaminate the pesticide MP, achieving 100% efficiency. The process may be ecofriendly for upscaling photocatalytic degradation processes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fully automatic liver attenuation estimation combing CNN segmentation and morphological operations
Authors: Huo Yuankai , Terry James G. , Wang Jiachen , Nair Sangeeta , Lasko Thomas A. , Freedman Barry I. , Carr J. Jeffery , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeManually tracing regions of interest (ROIs) within the liver is the de facto standard method for measuring liver attenuation on computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, manual tracing is resource intensive. To address these limitations and to expand the availability of a quantitative CT measure of hepatic steatosis, we propose the automatic liver attenuation ROI‐based measurement (ALARM) method for automated liver attenuation estimation.MethodsThe ALARM method consists of two major stages: (a) deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)‐based liver segmentation and (b) automated ROI extraction. First, liver segmentation was achieved using our previously developed SS‐Net. Then, a single central ROI (center‐ROI) and three circles ROI (periphery‐ROI) were computed based on liver segmentation and morphological operations. The ALARM method is available as an open source Docker container (https://github.com/MASILab/ALARM).ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐six subjects with 738 abdomen CT scans from the African American‐Diabetes Heart Study (AA‐DHS) were used for external validation (testing), independent from the training and validation cohort (100 clinically acquired CT abdominal scans). From the correlation analyses, the proposed ALARM method achieved Pearson correlations = 0.94 with manual estimation on liver attenuation estimations. When evaluating the ALARM method for detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the traditional cut point of < 40 HU, the center‐ROI achieved substantial agreements (Kappa = 0.79) with manual estimation, while the periphery‐ROI method achieved “excellent” agreement (Kappa = 0.88) with manual estimation. The automated ALARM method had reduced variability compared to manual measurements as indicated by a smaller standard deviation.ConclusionsWe propose a fully automated liver attenuation estimation method termed ALARM by combining DCNN and morphological operations, which achieved “excellent” agreement with manual estimation for fatty liver detection. The entire pipeline is implemented as a Docker container which enables users to achieve liver attenuation estimation in five minutes per CT exam.