bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of selective benzene hydroxylation catalyzed by iron-containing zeolites
Authors: Snyder Benjamin E. R. , Bols Max L. , Rhoda Hannah M. , Vanelderen Pieter , Böttger Lars H. , Braun Augustin , Yan James J. , Hadt Ryan G. , Babicz Jeffrey T. , Hu Michael Y. , Zhao Jiyong , Alp E. Ercan , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O. , Schoonheydt Robert A. , Sels Bert F. , Solomon Edward I. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Fe zeolites are heterogeneous catalysts that show potential in a number of important industrial applications, including the selective partial oxidation of methane to methanol at room temperature, and the selective conversion of benzene to phenol. There are practical limitations associated with Fe-zeolite catalysts that may be resolved with mechanistic insight; however, reliable experimental data on Fe zeolites are limited. This study defines the mechanism of selective benzene hydroxylation catalyzed by Fe zeolites, clarifying the relationship between active site structure and catalytic performance (activity, selectivity). Mechanistic insight from this study represents an important step toward synthetic control over function in selective hydrocarbon oxidation catalysis.
Translation ambiguity in Mandarin-English bilinguals
Authors: Basnight-Brown Dana M. , Kazanas Stephanie A. , Altarriba Jeanette 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Research focused on the cognitive processes surrounding bilingual language representation has revealed the important role that translation ambiguity plays in how languages are stored in memory (Tokowicz & Kroll, 2007). In addition, translation of emotionally related information has been shown to be challenging because a direct translation does not always exist (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2014). The focus of the current study was to explore the processing of ambiguous words for translations that differ in orthography. In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals translated concrete and abstract words that differed in the number of translations across languages. In Experiment 2, emotion words were introduced into the context, in order to examine differences in emotion translation across languages. The results revealed that words with a single translation were produced faster and more accurately than words that had multiple translations. Finally, translation of emotional stimuli was faster when translating Chinese words as compared to English words.
Local perceptions of ecosystem services and protection of culturally protected forests in southeast China
Authors: Gao Hong , Xiao yi , Van Koppen CSA (Kris) , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Culturally protected forests (CPFs), preserved and managed by local people on the basis of traditional practices and beliefs, have social and ecological functions. Local residents’ perceptions were investigated in three types of CPFs (community forests, ancestral temple forests, and cemetery forests) in five villages in southeast China. In semi-structured interviews (232 questionnaires), residents were asked about their perceptions concerning ecosystem services and protection of CPFs.

Outcomes:
The survey results showed that resource utilization was not high in CPFs than in forests without culturally protected. Important ecosystem services provided by CPFs included air quality improvement, water retention, recreation, and aesthetic value. Respondents were satisfied with different cultural services provided by CPFs, including aesthetic value of community forests, ecotourism of ancestral temple forests, and cultural heritage of cemetery forests. Informal rules and traditional customs were used as the main measures to govern forests in daily life; however, the most effective measures, in order of importance, were setting fines or punishment by laws, using informal rules and village regulations, or protection by government agencies. Only half of the respondents were willing to pay for maintaining ecosystem services of CPFs, but 77.8% respondents were willing to spend time on protection. From apolicy perspective, educational programs were as important as traditions, and they are crucial to explain the ecological importance of CPFs.

Conclusion:
The conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services of CPFs will benefit if government agencies consider incorporating CPFs into policy and legislative frameworks, maintain CPFs as collectively owned forests, and introduce ecological compensation mechanisms.
Root and shoot variation in relation to potential intermittent drought adaptation of Mesoamerican wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Berny Mier y Teran Jorge C , Konzen Enéas R , Medina Viviana , Palkovic Antonia , Ariani Andrea , Tsai Siu M , Gilbert Matthew E , Gepts P 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWild crop relatives have been potentially subjected to stresses on an evolutionary time scale prior to domestication. Among these stresses, drought is one of the main factors limiting crop productivity and its impact is likely to increase under current scenarios of global climate change. We sought to determine to what extent wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) exhibited adaptation to drought stress, whether this potential adaptation is dependent on the climatic conditions of the location of origin of individual populations, and to what extent domesticated common bean reflects potential drought adaptation.MethodsAn extensive and diverse set of wild beans from across Mesoamerica, along with a set of reference Mesoamerican domesticated cultivars, were evaluated for root and shoot traits related to drought adaptation. A water deficit experiment was conducted by growing each genotype in a long transparent tube in greenhouse conditions so that root growth, in addition to shoot growth, could be monitored.ResultsPhenotypic and landscape genomic analyses, based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms, suggested that beans originating from central and north-west Mexico and Oaxaca, in the driest parts of their distribution, produced more biomass and were deeper-rooted. Nevertheless, deeper rooting was correlated with less root biomass production relative to total biomass. Compared with wild types, domesticated types showed a stronger reduction and delay in growth and development in response to drought stress. Specific genomic regions were associated with root depth, biomass productivity and drought response, some of which showed signals of selection and were previously related to productivity and drought tolerance.ConclusionsThe drought tolerance of wild beans consists in its stronger ability, compared with domesticated types, to continue growth in spite of water-limited conditions. This study is the first to relate bean response to drought to environment of origin for a diverse selection of wild beans. It provides information that needs to be corroborated in crosses between wild and domesticated beans to make it applicable to breeding programmes.
Remarks about the unification type of several non-symmetric non-transitive modal logics
Authors: Balbiani Philippe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe problem of unification in a normal modal logic $L$ can be defined as follows: given a formula $\varphi$, determine whether there exists a substitution $\sigma$ such that $\sigma (\varphi )$ is in $L$. In this paper, we prove that for several non-symmetric non-transitive modal logics, there exists unifiable formulas that possess no minimal complete set of unifiers.
Normalizing cVEMPs: Which Method Is the Most Effective?
Authors: van Tilburg Mark J. , Herrmann Barbara S. , Rauch Steven D. , Noij Kimberley , Guinan John J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
To determine the most effective method for normalizing cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs).

Design:
cVEMP data from 20 subjects with normal hearing and vestibular function were normalized using 16 combinations of methods, each using one of the 4 modes of electromyogram (EMG) quantification described below. All methods used the peak to peak value of an averaged cVEMP waveform (VEMPpp) and obtained a normalized cVEMP by dividing VEMPpp by a measure of the EMG amplitude. EMG metrics were obtained from the EMG within short- and long-duration time windows. EMG amplitude was quantified by its root-mean-square (RMS) or average full-wave-rectified (RECT) value. The EMG amplitude was used by (a) dividing each individual trace by the EMG of this specific trace, (b) dividing VEMPpp by the average RMS or RECT of the individual trace EMG, (c) dividing the VEMPpp by an EMG metric obtained from the average cVEMP waveform, or (d) dividing the VEMPpp by an EMG metric obtained from an average cVEMP “noise” waveform. Normalization methods were compared by the normalized cVEMP coefficient of variation across subjects and by the area under the curve from a receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. A separate analysis of the effect of EMG-window duration was done.

Results:
There were large disparities in the results from different normalization methods. The best methods used EMG metrics from individual-trace EMG measurements, not from part of the average cVEMP waveform. EMG quantification by RMS or RECT produced similar results. For most EMG quantifications, longer window durations were better in producing receiver-operating-characteristic with high areas under the curve. However, even short window durations worked well when the EMG metric was calculated from the average RMS or RECT of the individual-trace EMGs. Calculating the EMG from a long-duration window of a cVEMP “noise” average waveform was almost as good as the individual-trace-EMG methods.

Conclusions:
The best cVEMP normalizations use EMG quantification from individual-trace EMGs. To have the normalized cVEMPs accurately reflect the vestibular activation, a good normalization method needs to be used.
Investigating the Effect of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Polymorphism of MDR-1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 on Clopidogrel Resistance
Authors: Al-Husein Belal A. , Al-Azzam Sayer I. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Khabour Omar F. , Nusair Mohammad B. , Alzayadeen Samar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that is indicated for cardiovascular emergencies and procedures. The drug, however, is subject to response variability leading to therapy resistance. In this research, we explored the demographic, clinical, and genetic factors associated with clopidogrel resistance. Data analysis among our 280 subjects receiving clopidogrel showed some risk factors that are significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance compared with responders. Those were: female sex (P= 0.021), advanced age (P= 0.011), obesity (P= 0.002), and higher body mass index (P= 0.008) and higher platelets count (P= 0.002). However, known polymorphisms of MDR-1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were not associated with treatment resistance when compared to responders to clopidogrel therapy. Knowledge about such risk factors might provide recommendation in the future about starting doses or monitoring recommendations.
Clinical Effects on Skin Texture and Hydration of the Face Using Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid
Authors: Kim JongSeo 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Improving skin texture in the face is a popular procedure in older women. Procedures using stabilized hyaluronic acid (S-HA) to improve skin texture should be distinguished from volumizing procedures. The intradermal injection of S-HA has many benefits, such as being safe from embolism, having a high ease of injection, and leading to dramatic improvements in skin texture and hydration. HA is the main component of the extracellular matrix and dermal hydration can help counteract the effects of aging. When the dermis is well hydrated using S-HA, it looks healthier, and this effect can last for more than half a year. Various intradermal injection techniques have been reported, such as manual injection, the blanching technique, and using an automatic injector with multiple needles.

Method:
The dermis can be treated with microdroplets (0.001 cc) of S-HA at a thousand of injection sites using an injector. This unique injection method was Named "Microhyaluronicacid" by the author, based on an analogy with Microbotox5. The author invented a unique injection solution in which S-HA is mixed with botulinum toxin A; this solution has been used for dermal hydration and skin rejuvenation since 2009. To reduce the risk of creating a dermal lump, polydensified monophasic HA and automatic injector were used. Microhyaluronicacid and Microbotox were combined by the author.

Results:
In 50 patients, changes in fine wrinkles were measured using a dermascope, and dermal hydration was measured by transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration levels.

Conclusion:
The changes of transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration were statically significant at 4 and 8 weeks.
The Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap in an Innovative Microsurgery Training Method
Authors: Deskoulidi Parthena I. , Benetatos Konstantinos M. , Maltzaris Nikolaos A. , Diamantopoulos Pantelis K. , Basagiannis Efthymios D. , Kotrotsiou Maria D. , Stavrianos Spiros D. 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
The road to becoming a good and confident microsurgeon requires love for your work, patience, and good training facilities. Safe and effective training procedures for young microsurgeons during their plastic surgery residency are necessary and should be applied under standardized conditions. We present an innovative microsurgical training method for plastic surgery residents in the operation theater concerning the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALT). In a 2-team approach, the ALT flap harvesting begins parallel to tumor resection. Although the tumor excision team still works in the tumor region, and after the reconstructive team has successfully completed the ALT dissection, residents can work distally to the origin of the perforator vessel (which supplies the flap). Their training involves dissection and anastomosis of the continuation of the descending branch, distally to the perforator supplying the flap. Since 2015, eight operations have been performed with this innovative method with the participation of upcoming microsurgeons. A written informed consent is given to all patients. Our study resulted in the improvement of microsurgical skills of the young microsurgeons. There is no impact to the ALT perforator flap or to the operative time. This training procedure can be safely applied as a training method during plastic surgery residency under standardized conditions. We have the joy of seeing our resident’s progress through their high success rates in microsurgery. We recommend this innovative procedure as an adequate teaching method during residency to promote the future of our specialty, and we hope that our students will become even better than their teachers.
Continuous Versus Interrupted Sutures for Primary Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Fayyaz Ghulam Qadir , Gill Nauman Ahmad , Alam Iftikhar , Chaudary Ayesha , Aslam Muhammad , Ishaaq Irfan , Hameed Abdul , Ganatra Ashraf , Sheikh Tahir , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Cleft palate is a common congenital problem. It is traditionally surgically repaired with interrupted sutures between the ages of 6 and 18 months, with the aim of achieving closure of both nasal and oral layers. In various fields of surgery, continuous, rather than interrupted, sutures are the norm. There are no reports, however, of continuous suture repair for cleft palate.

Methods:
A comparative study was designed at Clapp Hospital Lahore, to compare the effectiveness of 2 techniques. A total of 152 patients were included in the study over a period of 3 years. Per-operatively, the duration of surgery (time for nasal and oral layer closure) and the number of suture materials used were noted and compared between the 2 groups. Postoperatively, we compared the rate of wound dehiscence and fistula formation between the 2 groups.

Results:
Out of 152 patients, 84 patients were operated on by continuous technique and 68 patients by interrupted technique. The mean duration of nasal layer closure in group A was 7.08 minutes, whereas that in group B was 11.50 minutes. The mean number of sutures required for the continuous suture group was 2.12, whereas that for the interrupted suture group was 4.59 (P < 0.05). There were no differences seen in either of the 2 postoperative outcomes compared in this study.

Conclusion:
A continuous closure technique can be utilized in palate repair, as it us more cost-effective and time-efficient.
Cortiva Versus AlloDerm Ready-to-use in Prepectoral and Submuscular Breast Reconstruction: Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Study Design and Early Findings
Authors: Parikh Rajiv P. , Tenenbaum Marissa M. , Yan Yan , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Several acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) can be used to provide soft-tissue support for post- and prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstructions. Yet, several recent meta-analysis suggest that due to a lack of rigorous evaluation in the setting of head-to-head prospective randomized control trials, few reliable conclusions regarding performance outcomes can be drawn. We compare Cortiva 1 mm to AlloDerm RTU in the setting of submuscular reconstruction in one study, and prepectoral in the second. Moreover, we present the findings from the interim analysis in our submuscular study.

Methods:
Using a single-blinded prospective randomized control trial design, we compare outcomes in 180 patients undergoing submuscular breast reconstruction with 16 × 8 cm ADM support (either Cortiva 1 mm or AlloDerm RTU). A parallel study evaluates 16 × 20 cm sheets of these ADMs in 180 patients undergoing prepectoral reconstructions. Time to drain removal, complications, fill volumes, patient-reported outcomes, and narcotic consumption are prospectively evaluated.

Results:
Interim analysis of 59 breasts in the submuscular study arm (Cortiva n = 31; AlloDerm n = 28) revealed no statistically significant differences with respect to outcome. At the time of interim analysis, the AlloDerm RTU group contained a higher proportion of never-smokers (P = 0.009), while patients implanted with Cortiva 1 mm received a larger tissue expander (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
We present a protocol for a robust randomized control trial to evaluate outcomes in both submuscular and prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction assisted by 2 distinct types of ADM. Our interim analysis reveals no evidence of inferiority of outcomes in a comparison of AlloDerm to Cortiva.
Serpiginous Lesion on the Foot
Authors: Tao Joy , Lake Eden Pappo 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This is a case of an erythematous, serpiginous, pruritic eruption located on the dorsal left foot of a patient who recently traveled to Jamaica. The patient is otherwise healthy. A multiple-choice question is presented, and readers will be challenged to identify an appropriate treatment option based on case presentation, symptoms, and patient history. An answer is given followed by a discussion of disease transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, and appropriate management of the lesion.
Pentoxifylline (Trental) in Venous Insufficiency and Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Zito Patrick M. , Murgia Robert D. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Drugs are medications or substances that are used to modify physiologic responses and alleviate associated symptoms. In dermatology, medications and substances are utilized on a daily basis and include topical treatments to anesthetics in micrographic surgery to biologic-acting immunologic agents. The purposes of this section are to focus on drug, specifically how it works and how it is utilized, and to discuss routine alternatives (if available). In this column, we will focus on the uses, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and alternatives to pentoxifylline (Trental, Pentoxil) in venous leg ulcers.
Recurrent and Persistent Urticaria: Is It Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria?
Authors: Goldstein Stanley , Weinberg Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), defined as wheals and/or angioedema lasting for ≥6 weeks without an identifiable cause, is a burdensome condition. This review provides recommendations regarding the efficient recognition and differential diagnosis of CIU from other chronic urticaria forms and discusses the importance of evaluating CIU’s impact on patients’ quality of life and assessing unmet treatment needs.
The goal of treatment is achieving complete resolution of symptoms through a systematic approach and close patient cooperation, thereby improving quality of life. The U.S. Practice Parameter describes a step-care approach to CIU management, with second-generation H1-antihistamines at approved doses as the first-line treatment. For patients with inadequately controlled symptoms, dose advancement or add-on therapies, followed by use of potent antihistamines, may be considered. Of the alternative agents available for the treatment of patients with refractory CIU, omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody, is the only treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in adults and adolescents (≥12 years old) with CIU who remain symptomatic despite H1-antihistamine therapy. Ultimately, treatment decisions should weigh the potential clinical benefit versus harm for each agent and consider the patient’s preference. By discussing available treatment options and providing evidence-based recommendations, this review aims to support aspects of decision making when managing this complex condition.
Envenomation by the common European adder (Vipera berus): a case series of 219 patients
Authors: Hermansen Mette N. , Krug Andrea H. , Tjønnfjord Eirik , Brabrand Mikkel 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
Every year, several patients are bitten by the common European adder (Vipera berus). The aim of this study is to present a large consecutive case series of patients bitten by V. berus, and to identify signs and symptoms indicative of complicated illness.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective case series from the Hospital of South West Jutland, Denmark. All 219 patients bitten by V. berus (diagnosed by history or clinical findings) from 1994 to 2012 were identified through hospital databases. A severity grading from 1 to 5 was applied, and epidemiology, symptoms and signs, complications, treatment and laboratory data were extracted from the hospital databases.

Results
The most common complaints on admission were pain, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and dizziness, with discoloration and oedema being the most common symptoms. Few patients experienced syncope, palpitations or respiratory distress. Fifteen percent of all patients were transferred to the ICU and 2% (all children) were suspected of having compartment syndrome. Leucocytosis, gastrointestinal symptoms and hypotension were risk factors for complicated disease.

Conclusion
Most patients only showed symptoms of no or mild envenomation. Fifteen percent were transferred to the ICU and five patients (all children) required fasciotomy because of suspected compartment syndrome. Only 10 patients received antivenom.
Use of the C-MAC Macintosh 0 Blade for Intubation of Infants in the Emergency Department
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Eisenberg Matthew A. , Abid Edir S. , Nagler Joshua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
First-pass success rates during intubation of infants in the emergency department have been shown to be low. Video laryngoscopy is being increasingly used during advanced airway management in the emergency department, but available data have not supported improved outcomes with use in pediatrics. The newly available Macintosh size 0 (curved) blade for the C-MAC video laryngoscope offers a narrower blade for use in infants. We describe the use of the new C-MAC Macintosh 0 blade for intubation of 2 infants with apnea secondary to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. The included video recording demonstrates the favorable glottic view and improved maneuverability offered by the narrower blade but also highlights the limitation in use beyond young infants given the short blade length.