bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Like Mirrors of Morality’
Authors: Karstedt Susanne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the first sweep of trials after the Second World War, many perpetrators of atrocity crimes were sentenced by Allied and national courts in Germany. Soon campaigns were started, including high-ranking officials and politicians, to commute and reduce sentences. Networks of support emerged that helped sentenced perpetrators and their families during imprisonment and after release, but also assisted those who were the target of further prosecution, thereby often obstructing justice. Networks ranged from loose and informal associations of those who had been complicit in committing the crimes, to personal support groups, professional and local networks, and charitable organizations, including the Red Cross and both churches. This chapter explores the activities of these networks and organizations, their role in a society in transition, and the normative climate of ‘collective defiance’ in which they operated and thrived. Exemplary cases of individuals and organizations are used to illuminate these processes in post-war Germany.
Anamorphosis
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers how the work of various modernists associated with Bloomsbury during the interwar years—E. M. Forster, Virginia Woolf, Nancy Cunard—engaged with antipodal dimensions that effectively disturbed normative spatiotemporal representation within their narratives. In this way, the heterodox versions of temporality projected more overtly by Australasian writers also associated with Bloomsbury, if more tangentially—Katherine Mansfield, Henry Handel Richardson—appear to be reciprocally mirrored within the Western canon, as if in an anamorphic image. Anamorphosis is a projection giving a distorted image of the subject when seen from a conventional viewpoint but produced in such a way that, if viewed from a particular angle, the distortion will disappear and the image come to appear normal. The term was applied to his own art by Salvador Dalí, but it might be argued that antipodean modernism bears an uncanny, anamorphic relation to Western modernism more generally.
Double Exposures
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how the impetus of ‘backgazing,’ as Australian poet R. D. FitzGerald put it in his ‘Essay on Memory,’ becomes a compelling force within the general framework of modernist poetry. It traces how this retrograde vision was developed not only in FitzGerald but also, in different ways, by his fellow Australian poets Kenneth Slessor and A. D. Hope. It also considers how this counterclockwise strand of modernist poetics runs in parallel to the work of canonical modernist poets such as T. S. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, and Wallace Stevens, whose interest in various versions of the antipodal has not been so clearly charted.
Antiphonal Arts
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers how the literary representation of time after World War II was shaped by intersections with music and the visual arts. Taking its title from Djuna Barnes’s verse drama The Antiphon (1958), it argues that an antiphonal quality was implicit within works of canonical modernism, which similarly involve interplays between proposition and response, high and low. It suggests how a similar kind of recursive pattern informs Samuel Beckett’s narratives, organized as they are around a dialectic between nostalgia for the sublime and a cathexis of bathos. In relation to Patrick White’s burlesque styles, it argues that this can be seen not as marginal to constructions of modernism, but as endemic to modernism’s antiphonal arts. It also considers the mutual influences of White and Australian painter Sidney Nolan, while discussing the significance of the latter’s collaboration with Boston poet Robert Lowell.
Conclusion
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This concluding chapter takes its title from a book of photographs about Australia published in 1931 by E. O. Hoppé. The cover of The Fifth Continent showed the photographer atop a globe looking back at a map of Australia, and it is this attempt to reconstitute the world in relation to alternative spatial perspectives that provided the impetus for Hoppé’s work. Similarly, to read authors such as Slessor or Dark in parallax with canonical types is not only to correlate relatively neglected figures with modernism’s larger orbit, but also to highlight various neglected aspects of more established writers, the complex ways in which their narratives face backwards as well as forwards. The particular force of backgazing within a sphere of modernism thus lies in the way it resists conventional classifications by projecting not an oppositional but a reversible world, one whose boundaries are rendered enigmatic.
Introduction
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Drawing on theories of temporality and anthropology, and focusing in particular on Paul Ricoeur’s notion of ‘retrodiction,’ this Introduction lays out a framework for understanding antipodean transnationalism. It reconsiders the canonical strains of early or ‘high’ modernism through late modernism’s backward trajectory and thus articulates ways in which modernism was always a more belated phenomenon than has generally been recognized. It argues that modernism systematically incorporated retrograde modes of burlesque and buffoonery whose formal perspectives can be understood intellectually as commensurate with their spherical geographic provenance. By reorganizing the time of modernism according to antipodean coordinates, we come to recognize how antipodean modernism’s twisted, recursive properties are integral to the definition of modernism within a global compass.
Invalid Modernism
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The opening chapter discusses representations of the aesthete and convalescent as seminal figures in the late nineteenth-century formation of modernist art and literature. Unlike the more fashionable treatment of disease in the Victorian period, embodied often in the figure of the female invalid, modernist representations of disease or illness were more likely to be considered pathological, subject to increasing medicalization, diagnosis, and incarceration. The figures of the male aesthete and convalescent offer a more transgressive model to ideals of health and improvement by which modernity is measured. This figure was, not insignificantly, formative in the appearance of the sexual other or “invert” in sexological research. By looking at several writers—Friedrich Nietzsche, John Addington Symonds, Henry James, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot—this opening chapter seeks a correlation between the aesthetic and the body, between autonomy and contagion.
Exquisite Corporeality
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 intervenes in debates about whether the historic avant-garde (Dada, Futurism, Surrealism) represented a general tendency within modernism or a critical alternative to ideas of artisanal autonomy. The impact of World War I on medical, prosthetic, and psychoanalytic technologies was instrumental among postwar artists in imagining a damaged, wounded, or psychotic body. If the body could be seen as fragmented, recombined, and disjointed, as it was in Surrealism, it could also be imagined as promising a different ontology, one in which fragmentation or madness could be enlisted in revolutionary projects. Through readings of F. T. Marinetti’s novel, Mafarka the Futurist, Tristan Tzara’s The Gas Heart, and the self-portraiture of Frida Kahlo, the chapter explores works in which bodies are removed from narratives of reproductive futurity, organic coherence, and normalcy and seen through the optic of disability.
Missing Bodies
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 moves into the contemporary period by studying the relationship between bodies erased from the socio-political sphere and the missing body in the aesthetic sphere. For every newly visible body (queer, racialized, disabled) there are alarming numbers of missing bodies—disappeared in internecine conflicts, abducted in sectarian warfare, or rendered stateless by suspension of habeas corpus. To what extent have these absences been chronicled in recent cultural production and to what extent do these works challenge classical autonomy aesthetics? The chapter responds to this question through treatments of Indra Sinha’s novel, Animal’s People, the neurodiversity activist and artist Amanda Baggs’ film, “In my Language,” Rachel Zolf’s Neighbour Procedure, and M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong! These works look back at modernist precedents of appropriation, fragmentation, and displacement to examine contemporary arguments about neurodiversity, citizenship, and racial identity.
Cleavings
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Using poems by Emily Dickinson and recent work in cultural and queer theory, this final chapter explores the fine line between “gain” and “loss” in disability studies. Using the author’s own experience of gradual hearing loss, the chapter argues that recent claims for the positive values of “deaf gain” through the use of American Sign Language have vaunted possibilities of cultural inclusiveness to the exclusion of affective realms of frustration, loss, and failure that are seldom acknowledged experiences of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. While endorsing the general thrust of Deaf Gain and its implications for the larger context of disability, the chapter argues for a more critical understanding of loss in the politics of gain.
The Social Market Economy
Authors: Caldwell Peter C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The social market economy was a first key term used in the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany, firstly to describe how a market economy (i.e. capitalism) could contribute to social order, and secondly to suggest that the market alone could not preserve social order but required social supplements. The term was initially associated with the self-described neoliberals (now known as ordoliberals), and justified a return to the free market. Even within this group, however, there were differences about how a market economy could be “social” and what kinds of measures were necessary to make capitalism compatible with social order and democracy. Beyond this group, Social Democrats also adopted similar ideas at the same time. Despite the intentions of the most economically liberal of the ordoliberals, the idea of a social market economy came to include extensive state intervention to preserve social order.
Conceptualizing the New West German Sozialstaat
Authors: Caldwell Peter C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
By the late 1950s, three distinction conceptions of the welfare state had formed in West Germany, each with strong connections to a particular world view. Father Oswald von Nell-Breuning, in the tradition of Catholic social thinking, defended social policies as a dialectical combination of solidarity and subsidiarity, which could counter the inequities of capitalism to help integrate workers into society and ensure human dignity. Hans Achinger, with his roots in private charity and social work, by contrast, was skeptical of the institutions of the welfare state and described how programs created a permanent bureaucracy with a popular clientele, manipulated information, and had a series of unintended consequences on state, family, and individual alike. Ludwig Preller, finally, the leading Social Democratic expert on social policy, justified extensive social policies as a way to empower individuals, to give them the tools they needed to shape their own lives.
Modernization and Its Discontents
Authors: Caldwell Peter C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The period from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s has been characterized by historians as one of “planning euphoria.” This enthusiasm was especially evident in the Social Democrats’ ambitious plans for steering the economy and reshaping society through social policy. At the same time, however, social theorists on both right and left criticized these efforts for their tendency toward alienation and bureaucratization. On the right, Hans Freyer and Arnold Gehlen predicted that secondary institutions would end human creativity, ushering in a period of post-history; Ernst Forsthoff feared state paralysis and the loss of real political leadership. And on the left, both Herbert Marcuse and Jürgen Habermas also feared the “refeudalization” and paralysis of society, and Habermas feared that the logic of these systems would undermine the life-worlds that gave meaning to humans, creating a sense of alienation.
The Australian Policy Agendas Project
Authors: Dowding Keith , Martin Aaron , Evans Rhonda L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Keith Dowding and Aaron Martin launched the Australian Policy Agendas Project (APAP) in 2012 under an Australian Research Council Discovery grant. Their work has resulted in ten publications to date. Under the leadership of Rhonda L. Evans, the Edward A. Clark Center at the University of Texas at Austin began work on the APAP in 2014, collecting data on decisions of the High Court of Australia and front-page stories from the Sydney Morning Herald. This chapter outlines some features of the Australian political system; what was coded as part of APAP; and an example of how the data has been used by the authors.
The Israeli Agendas Project
Authors: Kosti Nir , Shpaizman Ilana , Levi-Faur David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Israeli Agendas Project was launched in 2012 in order to study the production of law and regulation over time. This chapter provides an overview of the Israeli Agendas Project. The chapter starts with a brief overview of the Israeli political system, and continues with the presentation of our datasets. To demonstrate part of the project, the chapter shows how the codification of the CAP codebook enables observation of the expansion of the Israeli Omnibus Arrangement Law in a novel way. Finally, the chapter addresses unique features of the coding procedure, which arise as a result of several challenges that are unique to Israeli politics.
Agenda Dynamics in Spain
Authors: Chaqués-Bonafont Laura , Palau Anna M. , Màrquez Luz Muñoz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The main goal of the Policy Agendas Project in Spain is to promote a comprehensive theoretical and empirical understanding of agenda dynamics across time, issues, and levels of governance. The project establishes a link between policy dynamics research and other areas of concern within political science, mainly media studies, political representation, and the quality of democracy in multilevel systems of governance. It also provides a new tool for the development of quantitative measurements of policy dynamics. Over the last few years comprehensive and far-reaching datasets about Spanish political and media agendas (following the methodology of the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP)) have been created, which are free and accessible to download from the webpage: www.q-dem.com.
The Media Agenda
Authors: Vliegenthart Rens , Walgrave Stefaan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses what role the media agenda has played in (comparative) agenda research. Studies into the characteristics of the media agenda demonstrate that, compared to other agendas, the media agenda is characterized by high levels of responsiveness and volatility and that various outlets that jointly constitute the agenda strongly influence each other. In recent years, a vast amount of research has considered the impact of the media agenda on the parliamentary agenda (political agenda-setting) and how the size of this impact depends on a wide variety of contingent factors. Our empirical example uncovers considerable overlap in media agendas across various Western European countries, reflecting the importance of the international context in the construction of news.
Connecting Government Announcements and Public Policy
Authors: Breunig Christian , Grossman Emiliano , Schnatterer Tinette 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A key component of democratic governance is that elected governments implement their promises. This chapter advances previous work on electoral pledges by systematically linking governments’ announcements in speeches to their actual legislative behavior. Results show that introducing a political topic during a government speech substantively increases the amount of legislation in this particular policy domain. The study utilizes two series of comparative policy agendas—government speeches and legislation—from eight countries—Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States—for the period between 1983 and 2004. In addition to the direct link from speeches to legislation, the chapter also examines a number of prevalent alternative mechanisms of law production such as institutional effects, economic context, or party ideology.
Using CAP Data for Qualitative Policy Research
Authors: Shpaizman Ilana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Comparative Agendas Project is among other things a retrieval system and as such can be leveraged for qualitative case-oriented research. This chapter aims to demonstrate CAP’s usefulness for such qualitative analysis, starting from case selection, going through familiarization with the case of interest and ending with a collection of the needed evidence. After explaining each phase in case-oriented research and the role CAP can play, each use is demonstrated using CAP data from Spain and the United States. The case selection procedure is demonstrated using the concept of policy drift, and the familiarization and evidence collection through childcare policy.
Making Murder Public
Authors: Kesselring K.J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Homicide can seem timeless, somehow, determined by unchanging human failings. But a moment’s reflection shows this is not true: homicide has a history. In early modern England, that history saw two especially notable developments: one, the emergence in the sixteenth century of a formal distinction between murder and manslaughter, made meaningful through a lighter punishment than death for the latter in most cases, and two, a significant reduction in the rates of homicides individuals perpetrated on each other. This book explores connections between these two changes. It demonstrates the value in distinguishing between murder and manslaughter, or at least in seeing how that distinction came to matter in a period which also witnessed dramatic drops in the occurrence of homicidal violence. Focused on the ‘politics of murder’, the book examines how homicide became more effectively criminalized from c. 1480 to 1680, with chapters devoted to coroners’ inquests, appeals and private compensation, duels and private vengeance, and print and public punishment. The English had begun moving away from treating homicide as an offence subject to private settlements or vengeance long before other Europeans, at least from the twelfth century. What happened in the early modern period was, in some ways, a continuation of processes long underway, but intensified and refocused by developments from the late fifteenth to late seventeenth centuries. Exploring the links between law, crime, and politics, bringing together both the legal and social histories of the subject of homicide, the book argues that homicide became more fully ‘public’ in these years, with killings seen to violate a ‘king’s peace’ that people increasingly conflated with or subordinated to the ‘public peace’ or ‘public justice’.
The Phenomenology of Life
Authors: Flood Gavin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter takes up more explicitly the problem concerning the relationship between life understood as a system or process and life in relation to the person. This is to re-tell the story of the relation of life to the living from a different perspective of twentieth-century philosophy. There is a tension between the living system rooted in a materialist metaphysics and the lived reality of persons, between system and lifeworld. This chapter traces the development of the phenomenology of life focused on human experience, juxtaposing this with a new materialism that emphasizes the objective constancy of life itself as material reality beyond the human. This involves delineating the contours of the discussion to show how this debate is relevant to some contemporary religious understandings of the person.
Introduction
Authors: Flood Gavin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There is a deep connection between the ideas of life, religion, and civilization: life has impelled religion, which has driven civilization, and we need to understand religion through the category of life. Although the history of religions has often been characterized by oppression and violence, religions have also promoted human wellbeing and the fulfilment of life variously conceived, often seen as correcting an error or fault in the human condition. Two sources account for this: first, the history of civilizations themselves and, in particular, the religions that drive them that offer accounts of the relationship between life itself and the living; second, we need to turn to human evolution and to read civilizations in terms of niche construction, the environmental structure that promotes the flourishing of particular life forms. The first account locates explanation in the history of civilizations; the second locates it in the evolutionary and cognitive sciences.
Wondering at Ruins
Authors: Mottram Stewart 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores Spenser’s ambivalence towards the violence of reformation, and its ruination, not just of medieval monasteries, but the lives and legends of saints in monastic manuscripts. It offers a comparative analysis of two texts—William Vallans’s A Tale of Two Swannes (1590) and Spenser’s Ruines of Time (1591)—both written in the aftermath of the 1588 Spanish armada and with England’s war with Spain in the Low Countries ongoing. The chapter shows how both poets use a chorographical focus on the ruins of Roman Verulamium as a frame for their patriotic praise of Anglo-British heroism across history. Yet while both use historical examples of heroism to counter contemporary invasion anxieties in the early 1590s, both poems also reveal British history itself as a battleground between competing catholic and protestant versions of the past. These are tensions foregrounded by each poet’s respective approach to the life of St Alban, Verulamium’s most famous citizen. Vallans follows the medieval, monastic accounts of Alban’s life that are dismissed by John Foxe as ‘Abbeylike additions’ in his post-dissolution, protestant rewriting of Alban’s life in Actes and monuments, and this echoes Vallans’s interest in monastic history and monastic ruins elsewhere in his poem. If St Alban is the site of controversy in A Tale, he is a figure conspicuously absent from Spenser’s poem. The chapter argues for Alban’s shadowy presence in The Ruines of Time nonetheless, pointing to Spenser’s hitherto unacknowledged indebtedness to Gildas’s sixth-century De excidio Britonum and other ‘Abbeylike’ accounts of Alban.