bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficacy of Silastic and gloved‐Merocel middle meatal spacers for functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Manji Jamil , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Macias‐Valle Luis , Finkelstein Andres , Alsaleh Saad , Dadgostar Anali , Al‐Asousi Fahad , Okpaleke Christopher , Javer Amin R. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundSpacers are inserted into the middle meatal space (MMS) following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) to prevent lateralization of the middle turbinate, scarring, and synechiae. Our objective was to determine if the incidence of postoperative synechiae, facial pain/discomfort, pain during spacer removal, scarring, and discharge differed between nasal cavities receiving Silastic or gloved‐Merocel (GM) spacers following FESS.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in adults requiring bilateral FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) ± nasal polyposis. Participants served as their own controls, with each subject receiving both a Silastic and GM spacer. Spacers were inserted into the MMS during FESS and left in situ for 6 days. Participants were reviewed at 6 days, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The presence of synechiae and scarring were evaluated endoscopically. Inflammation, discharge, and pain during spacer removal were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsForty‐eight participants (96 nasal cavities) were recruited. Preoperatively, Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores were similar between Silastic‐treated and GM‐treated cavities (6.38 ± 2.35 vs 6.18 ± 2.17). The incidence of synechiae and scarring did not differ significantly between spacers up to 12 weeks postoperatively. Pain during spacer removal was significantly greater for Silastic than GM spacers (2.13 ± 1.34 vs 1.51 ± 1.23, p = 0.020). Facial pain prior to removal and extent of discharge did not differ significantly between spacers.ConclusionFollowing FESS, patients report less pain during removal of GM than Silastic spacers. However, the likelihood of synechiae and scarring did not differ between either of the spacers.
Combat zone exposure and respiratory tract disease
Authors: Parsel Sean M. , Riley Charles A. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe impact of deployment to combat zones on the respiratory and sinonasal health of U.S. soldiers is an emerging public health concern. Retrospective studies have shown a correlation between deployment and development of post‐deployment pathology, particularly of the aerodigestive system. Respiratory disease, including sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, are commonly reported in soldiers deployed to the Middle East and Southwest Asia.MethodsCurrent literature pertaining to combat zone exposure and development of respiratory disease was retrieved using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.ResultsSeveral types of combat zone exposures exist that may play an influential role in the development of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. Exposures including foreign dusts, harsh environments, particulate size, and close living quarters may play a causative role. The effect of combat zone exposures has been better examined for lower respiratory tract diseases; however, with the theory of the unified airway, the upper respiratory tract may also be involved. There is evidence that the upper respiratory tract is susceptible, with an increased risk for development of sinusitis and sinonasal disease; however, the quality of evidence of the present literature is generally low.ConclusionMore research is necessary to determine a pathophysiologic mechanism between combat zone exposure and the development of sinonasal disease. Practicing otolaryngologists should be aware of the possibility of combat zone exposures that could contribute to rhinologic symptomatology.
Bright‐Dark Rogue Waves
Authors: Kbashi Hani , Sergeyev Sergey V. , Mou Chengbo , Garcia Amos Martinez , Araimi Mohammed Al , Rozhin Aleksei , Kolpakov Stanislav , Kalashnikov Vladimir 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring the last two decades, revealing mechanisms of origin waves with anomalous amplitude (rogue waves) have been in the focus of researchers from different fields ranging from oceanography to laser physics. Mode‐locked lasers, as a test bed system, provide a unique opportunity to collect more data on rogue waves in the form of random pulses (soliton rain) and to clarify the mechanisms of rogue‐wave emergence caused by soliton–soliton and soliton–dispersive wave interactions. Here, for the first time, for an Er‐doped mode‐locked laser, a new type of vector rogue waves is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically, which is driven by desynchronization of the orthogonal linear states of polarization, so leading to output power oscillations in the form of anomalous spikes‐dips (bright‐dark rogue waves). The results can pave the way to unlocking the universal nature of the origin of rogue waves and thus can be of interest to the broad scientific community.
Unilaterale NMR zur Untersuchung von Kunst und Kulturgut
Authors: Rehorn Christian , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie Kernspinresonanz ermöglicht In‐situ‐Bestimmungen der Isotopendichte in Proben und Objekten. Dabei erzeugen Relaxationsprozesse weiteren Kontrast, der nicht nur mit der NMR‐Spektroskopie oder der Magnetresonanztomographie, sondern auch über die der zerstörungsfreie Streufeldanalyse mit tragbaren 1H‐NMR‐Sensoren erfasst werden kann. Bei unilateralen NMR‐Sensoren liegt das Detektionsvolumen außerhalb des Gerätes, sodass mobile Sensoren mittlerweile auch für Untersuchungen von Kunst und Kulturgut genutzt werden. Die wichtigsten Anwendungen umfassen die Analyse von Schichtstrukturen in Gemälden und Fresken sowie die Verfolgung von alterungsinduzierten Veränderungen der Materialeigenschaften durch Alterung, Konservierungs‐ oder Restaurierungsmaßnahmen.
Heteroannulation of Arynes with α‐Amino Imides: Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Indolin‐3‐ones and Application to the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Hinckdentine A
Authors: Torres‐Ochoa Rubén O. , Buyck Thomas , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel heteroannulation reaction between α‐amino imides and in situ generated arynes has been developed for the synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted indolin‐3‐ones. An enantioselective total synthesis of the marine alkaloid (+)‐hinckdentine A was subsequently accomplished using this reaction as a key step. A catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of an α‐aryl‐α‐isocyanoacetate to phenyl vinyl selenone was employed for the construction of the enantioenriched α‐quaternary α‐amino ester.
From S,N‐Heteroacene to Large Discotic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Liquid Crystal versus Plastic Crystalline Materials with Tunable Mechanochromic Fluorescence
Authors: Yuan Wei , Ren Xiang‐Kui , Li Mengwei , Guo Hongshuang , Han Yi , Wu Mengjiao , Wang Qi , Li Miaomiao , Chen Yulan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel type of discotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) based on an enlarged dibenzo[a,c]phenazine core has been developed. The large conjugated mesogenic core with increased dipole moment derived from S,N heteroatoms facilitates the formation of highly ordered columnar superstructures both in solution and bulk. Columnar mesophases, including liquid crystal (LC) and plastic crystal (PC) assemblies could form unprecedentedly based on the same PAH core. The cores are delicately modulated by the peripherical alkoxy chains. Both mesogens have mechanochromic fluorescent (MCF) character, which is also structure dependent and correlated with the different mesophase formation. For the first time, MCF properties can be realized in such a large conjugated mesogenic system.
Realization of Walnut‐Shaped Particles with Macro‐/Mesoporous Open Channels through Pore Architecture Manipulation and Their Use in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Guan Bu Yuan , Zhang Song Lin , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHerein we report a simple dual‐soft‐template approach to prepare walnut‐shaped macro‐/mesoporous polydopamine particles with diameter of ca. 270 nm, highly accessible bicontinuous channels and wide pore size distribution from ca. 20 nm to ca. 95 nm. This approach provides great opportunities to tailor the soft template‐directed assembly processes and generate various polydopamine particles with controllable mesophase curvature. Walnut‐shaped mesoporous carbon particles with large open mesochannels in the range of ca. 13 nm to ca. 50 nm can be fabricated by subsequent thermal treatment under nitrogen atmosphere. Lastly, we demonstrate that the as‐derived walnut‐shaped carbon particles manifest enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte.
Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Dinitrogen to Ammonia and Hydrazine Using Vanadium Complexes
Authors: Sekiguchi Yoshiya , Arashiba Kazuya , Tanaka Hiromasa , Eizawa Aya , Nakajima Kazunari , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNewly designed and prepared vanadium complexes bearing anionic pyrrole‐based PNP‐type pincer and aryloxy ligands were found to work as effective catalysts for the direct conversion of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia and hydrazine under mild reaction conditions. This is the first successful example of vanadium‐catalyzed dinitrogen reduction under mild reaction conditions.
Cultural Heritage Studies with Mobile NMR
Authors: Rehorn Christian , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides in situ information about selected isotope densities in samples and objects, while also providing contrast through rotational and translational molecular dynamics. These parameters are probed not only in NMR spectroscopy and imaging but also in nondestructive materials testing by mobile stray‐field NMR, the unique properties of which are valuable in cultural heritage studies. We present recent progress in the analysis of cultural heritage with mobile 1H NMR stray‐field sensors, for which the detection zone is outside of the NMR magnet. Prominent applications include the analysis of stratigraphies in paintings and frescoes, and the assessment of material states changing under the impact of aging, conservation, and restoration.
Human Enzymes for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Winkler Margit , Geier Martina , Hanlon Steven P. , Nidetzky Bernd , Glieder Anton 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman enzymes have been widely studied in various disciplines. The number of reactions taking place in the human body is vast, and so is the number of potential catalysts for synthesis. Herein, we focus on the application of human enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions in course of the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Some of these reactions have been explored on the preparative scale. The major field of application of human enzymes is currently drug development, where they are applied for the synthesis of drug metabolites.
Halogen–Aromatic π Interactions Modulate Inhibitor Residence Times
Authors: Heroven Christina , Georgi Victoria , Ganotra Gaurav K. , Brennan Paul , Wolfreys Finn , Wade Rebecca C. , Fernández‐Montalván Amaury E. , Chaikuad Apirat , Knapp Stefan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProlonged drug residence times may result in longer‐lasting drug efficacy, improved pharmacodynamic properties, and “kinetic selectivity” over off‐targets with high drug dissociation rates. However, few strategies have been elaborated to rationally modulate drug residence time and thereby to integrate this key property into the drug development process. Herein, we show that the interaction between a halogen moiety on an inhibitor and an aromatic residue in the target protein can significantly increase inhibitor residence time. By using the interaction of the serine/threonine kinase haspin with 5‐iodotubercidin (5‐iTU) derivatives as a model for an archetypal active‐state (type I) kinase–inhibitor binding mode, we demonstrate that inhibitor residence times markedly increase with the size and polarizability of the halogen atom. The halogen–aromatic π interactions in the haspin–inhibitor complexes were characterized by means of kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural measurements along with binding‐energy calculations.
Synthesis of Densely Packaged, Ultrasmall Pt02 Clusters within a Thioether‐Functionalized MOF: Catalytic Activity in Industrial Reactions at Low Temperature
Authors: Mon Marta , Rivero‐Crespo Miguel A. , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Vidal‐Moya Alejandro , Boronat Mercedes , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino , Hernández‐Garrido Juan C. , López‐Haro Miguel , Calvino José J. , Ragazzon Giulio , Credi Alberto , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe gram‐scale synthesis, stabilization, and characterization of well‐defined ultrasmall subnanometric catalytic clusters on solids is a challenge. The chemical synthesis and X‐ray snapshots of Pt02 clusters, homogenously distributed and densely packaged within the channels of a metal–organic framework, is presented. This hybrid material catalyzes efficiently, and even more importantly from an economic and environmental viewpoint, at low temperature (25 to 140 °C), energetically costly industrial reactions in the gas phase such as HCN production, CO2 methanation, and alkene hydrogenations. These results open the way for the design of precisely defined catalytically active ultrasmall metal clusters in solids for technically easier, cheaper, and dramatically less‐dangerous industrial reactions.
The structural (FTIR, XRD, and XPS) and biological studies of thermosensitive chitosan chloride gels with β‐glycerophosphate disodium
Authors: Skwarczynska Agata , Kaminska Marta , Owczarz Piotr , Bartoszek Nina , Walkowiak Bogdan , Modrzejewska Zofia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, the properties of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels (structural and biological) prepared using chitosan chloride and β‐glycerophosphate are presented. The porous structure of the gels was observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rheological and other structural and morphological investigations were carried out by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Crystallinity of the gel was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Biocompatibility of the chitosan gels was investigated by contact with bone cells (line Saos‐2) for 7 and 21 days. The cells were encapsulated and seeded onto the gel. A live/dead test showed no cytotoxic reaction. The structure of the gels, before and after the cell culture, was tested using SEM (including ESEM), to select the most suitable method of preparation and reliable visualization of the gel with cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46459.
UV‐laser formation of 3D structures based on thermally stable heterochain polymers
Authors: Dudova Daria S. , Bardakova Kseniia N. , Kholkhoev Bato Ch. , Ochirov Boris D. , Gorenskaia Elena N. , Farion Ivan A. , Burdukovskii Vitalii F. , Timashev Petr S. , Minaev Nikita V. , Kupriyanova Olga S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTA new approach to making a photopolymeric composition was first elaborated in this work based on the use of poly‐N,N′‐(m‐phenylene)isophtalamide as the heterochain polymer matrix together with 4,4′‐diphenyl oxide diacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. Reproducible three‐dimensional (3D) objects have been formed using a laser stereolithograph completed with a laser with wavelength of 405 nm. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of the formed objects could be changed through a control from 260 to 405 °C. Moreover, it was proven that the tensile strength of samples of the crosslinked films reached 90.1 ± 3.2 MPa at the elongation at break of 12.4 ± 2.3%, depending on the forming parameters of such samples. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46463.
Thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of polypropylene‐based hybrid compounds containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Russo P. , Patti A. , Petrarca C. , Acierno S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore the possibility to develop composites with improved thermal conductivity and electrically insulating properties. The strategy adopted is to combine a thermal and electrical conductive filler (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) with secondary dielectric (but thermally conductive) fillers. To this end, particles with different compositions, sizes, and shape were used as secondary fillers and the composites, prepared by melt compounding, are characterized in terms of thermal and dielectric properties. Results show that, in ternary formulations, an increase of thermal conductivity is always verified for all kind of secondary particles. Analogously, increments in electrical conductivity are observed for ternary compounds containing larger size secondary fillers, while a significant reduction is achieved with the addition of smaller ones. This behavior is explained in terms of mutual distribution of the fillers and is consistent with direct (scanning electron microscopy) and indirect (rheological) observations. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46470.
Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Ji Wenfei , Han Yi , Gu Xiaoyu , Li Hongfei , Sun Jun 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMelamine–formaldehyde resin was modified by ethylene glycol to decrease the amount of free formaldehyde and extend the storage time. The modified resin (EMF) was further used to prepare microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The structures of both EMF and MCAPP were well characterized. Afterward, EMF and MCAPP were mixed and coated on the surface of pre‐expanded polystyrene particles to prepare flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS). Both water resistance and impact strength were enhanced by the presence of MCAPP, and the flammability of the samples was also significantly improved. For the sample containing 75 phr MCAPP, the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 31.4% with a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 vertical burning test. Cone calorimeter tests showed that the peak heat release rate of the sample declined sharply to 172.7 kW/m2, which is 81.6% lower than that of neat EPS. The smoke production of EPS foams during combustion was suppressed by the presence of MCAPP, and the thermal stability was also improved. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the char layer of the flame‐retardant sample after combustion became compact with negligible voids or cracks, which could further form an isolation barrier to prevent both heat and flame transfer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46471.
Carbon nanotubes and graphene into thermosetting composites: Synergy and combined effect
Authors: Prolongo S. G. , Moriche R. , Ureña A. , Flórez S. , Gaztelumendi I. , Arribas C. , Prolongo M. G. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis work analyzes the morphology and behavior of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). In order to avoid the weak interface of laminar nanofillers, GNPs were functionalized with amine groups. Different tendencies were observed as a function of the measured property. Storage modulus showed a synergic trend, being the stiffness of hybrid CNT/GNP/epoxy composites higher than the corresponding ones measured in neat epoxy composites reinforced with CNTs or GNPs. In contrast, the thermal and electrical conductivity increased with the nanofiller addition, the final value of the mentioned properties in the hybrid composites was strongly influenced by specific graphitic nanofiller. Neat GNP/epoxy composites showed the highest thermal conductivity, while neat CNT/epoxy composites presented the highest electrical conductivity. This behavior is explained by the observed morphology. All composites exhibited a suitable nanofiller dispersion. However, on hybrid GNP/CNT/epoxy composites, CNTs tend to be placed between nanoplatelets, forming bridges between nanoplatelets. This morphology implies a less effective electrical network, limiting the synergic effect in the properties, which requires percolation. In spite of this, the hybrid GNP/CNT/epoxy composites showed a better combination of properties than the neat composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46475.
Enhanced wettability and thermal stability of polypropylene separators by organic–inorganic coating layer for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chao Chun‐Ying , Feng Ye‐Fei , Hua Kai , Li Hao , Wu Li‐Jun , Zhou Yi‐Sha , Dong Zhen‐Wei 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTOrganic–inorganic coating polypropylene separators were developed by introducing SiO2 nanoparticles through sol–gel process, where polydopamine was used as an intermediate layer. Scanning electron microscopy results showed the coating layers have highly porous structure, which was beneficial for liquid electrolyte uptake. Compared with pristine polypropylene separator, the ceramic separators showed improved thermal stability, higher ionic conductivity, and lower interfacial impedance. The cells employing the ceramic separators delivers excellent discharge capacity (retention = 75%) and coulombic efficiency up to 98% at 2 °C rate after 100 cycles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46478.
Morphological and physicomechanical analysis of high‐density polyethylene filled with Salago fiber
Authors: Pouriman Mohammadhosein , Dahresobh Ali , Caparanga Alvin R. , Moradipour Mahsa , Mehrpooya Mehdi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe environmental issues associated with the mass discarding of waste plastics in the Philippines have significantly raised for the past decade. However, this country is a home to many natural fibers which necessitates the development of ecofriendly materials to diminish the environmental footprint of polymers. High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was filled with floured untreated and 5 wt % alkaline‐treated Salago fiber via melt compounding. The physical and mechanical characteristics of both types of composites were measured and compared. The composite filled with 30 wt % untreated fiber became very brittle, showing tensile strength and impact resistance of 15.8 MPa and 4.9 kJ/m2, respectively. Alkaline treatment improved the mechanical properties of untreated composites, but not above the value of virgin HDPE. Nevertheless, the flexural strength of treated composites exceeded that of the virgin HDPE. Untreated composites absorbed water twice as the treated ones. Finally, morphological and fractography inspection on tensile and flexural test specimens showed improvement made by treatment on the interfacial adhesion between fiber and thermoplastic, corroborating the results from mechanical properties test. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46479.