bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis: Prevalence of Youth Mental Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jakobsson Cecilia E. , Johnson Natalie E. , Ochuku Brenda , Baseke Rosine , Wong Evelyn , Musyimi Christine W. , Ndetei David M. , Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Youth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face limited access to professional mental health resources. A comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of mental disorders would build an understanding of the scope of the need.
We conducted systematic searches in PsycInfo, Pubmed, AfriBib and Africa Journals Online to identify prevalence rates for five disorders (anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, attention problems and post-traumatic stress) among SSA youth with a mean age of less than 19 years. We calculated a random-effects pooled prevalence for each disorder and assessed possible moderators.
The meta-analysis included 63 studies with 55,071 participants. We found the following pooled prevalence rates: 12.53% post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 15.27% depression, 6.55% attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 11.78% anxiety and 9.76% conduct disorder. We found high heterogeneity across the studies, which may have resulted from differences in samples or measurement tools. Reported prevalence rates were not explained by the sample (i.e., special or general population), but whether the psychometric tool was validated for SSA youth affected the reported prevalence of PTSD and anxiety. In a meta-regression, prevalence rates were associated with the disorder type, with a higher prevalence of depression and PTSD. We found the mean age significantly moderated the prevalence in univariate meta-regression, with increased age correlated with greater prevalence.
Our findings suggest there is a need to explore reasons for varying prevalence rates further and to develop interventions that support youth mental health in SSA, particularly interventions for depression and PTSD. Limitations included a lack of standardization in psychometric tools and limited reporting on research methods, which influenced quality rating. Importantly, the search only considered studies published in English and was conducted 2 years ago. Although recent estimates reported slightly higher than our prevalence estimates, these reviews together highlight the prevalence and importance of youth mental health difficulties in SSA.
Prasun historical linguistics: new etymologies and the fate of the Indo-Iranian morphemes *-am and *-ka-
Authors: Kreidl Julian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, I touch on some lexical and morphological aspects of Prasun historical linguistics. I propose six new etymologies for Prasun words that have not been etymologized at all (üžóg “resin”, ćəwā́ “rhubarb”, wulóg “footprint”, žíma “tent, camp”) or differently (wuzógrog, zógrog “knee”, wuẓnúg, wuẓéŋ “salt”), and add further remarks to three words (üzǖ́ etc. “ice; cold”, lümī́, lümǖ́ “tail”, wəs “day”) with whose traditional etymologizations I basically agree. Furthermore, it is argued that the common epenthetic wu- ~ ü- and the final (usually) -u ~ -ü have the same origin and largely go back to the acc.sg.m/n, nom.sg.n *-am of the Indo-Iranian a-stems. Additionally, while the *-ka-suffix is present in all Nuristani languages in various functions, there is a noticeable split between Prasun, where *-ka- is added to many nouns of the inherited basic vocabulary while it is absent in the cognates in the other Nuristani languages.
A negative mood facilitates complex semantic processing in a second language
Authors: Naranowicz Marcin , Jankowiak Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that positive and negative moods may differently affect semantic processing due to the activation of mood-dependent thinking. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that the interplay between mood and semantic processing may also be modulated by the language of operation (native [L1] vs. second language [L2]). Still, it remains an open question if and how mood interacts with varying depths of semantic processing, particularly in bilinguals. Here, we show that a negative mood may differently modulate shallow and deep semantic processing in bilinguals at a behavioral level. In two experiments, Polish–English bilinguals, induced into positive and negative moods, performed a lexical decision task (marking shallow semantic processing; Experiment 1) and a semantic decision task (marking deep semantic processing; Experiment 2) with sentences in L1 and L2 of varying semantic complexity: literal, novel metaphoric, and anomalous sentences. While no interactive mood–language effect was observed for shallow semantic processing, we found faster semantic judgments when bilinguals were in a negative relative to positive mood in L2, but not L1, for deep semantic processing. These findings suggest that a negative mood may activate more analytical and effort-maximizing thinking in L2, yet only when the linguistic content requires deeper understanding.
How the Abandonment of Democracy and Internationalism Has Decimated the Socialist Movement
Authors: Hensman Rohini 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper looks not at workers’ struggles, which had their ups and downs over the last two hundred years, but specifically at the revolutionary socialist movement, which aims to eliminate capitalism. While there have been contributions to the vision of a classless, stateless society by utopian socialists and anarchists, the paper concentrates on Karl Marx and Frederick Engels and their legacy. It identifies three bifurcation points in this particular revolutionary socialist tradition where a substantial part of the movement abandoned democracy, internationalism, or both, and argues that this has had a disastrous effect on the movement and needs to be reversed.
Evidence of clinical benefit of cancer medicines considered for funding in Australia
Authors: Vitry Agnes , Inglis Joshua , Caird Cathy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the type of evidence and the clinical benefit of cancer medicines assessed for funding in Australia by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) and to assess it with the European Society of Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale version 1.1 (ESMO-MCBS).

Methods
All data on applications submitted to PBAC between 2010 and 2020 were extracted from PBAC Public Summary Documents available online. ESMO-MCBS ratings were retrieved from the ESMO-MCBS website.

Results
Then, 182 cancer indications for 100 cancer medicines were examined by PBAC, including 124 (68.1 percent) for solid tumors and 58 (31.9 percent) for hematological cancers. A total of 137 (75.3 percent) indications were recommended for PBS funding and 40 (21.9 percent) were rejected. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were the main source of evidence in 154 indications (84.6 percent), single-arm studies in 28 (15.4 percent) indications. Statistically significant improvement in overall survival (OS) was reported in 80 (44 percent) of the indications, with a median OS gain of 3.0 months (range 0.9–17.0) for solid tumors and 8.2 months (range 1–49.1) for hematological cancers when mature OS data were available. The ESMO-MCBS score was available for 99 solid tumor indications, of which 51 (51.5 percent) showed substantial clinical benefit according to ESMO-MCBS, including 40 (54.1 percent) of PBAC-recommended indications and 9 (42.9 percent) of PBAC-rejected indications. There was no association between the ESMO scoring and PBAC decision.

Conclusions
Most cancer medicines indications considered by PBAC were supported by RCTs. A minority showed a substantial improvement in OS.
The relative importance of severity and rarity criteria in health resource allocation: an umbrella review
Authors: Chan Mint , Wang Yi , Chuanchaiyakul Tanainan , Chavarina Kinanti Khansa , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Teerawattananon Yot 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objectives of this umbrella review were to (a) quantify the relative importance, of “severity” and “rarity” criteria in health resource allocation; and (b) analyze the contextual factors influencing the relative importance. The secondary objective was to examine how “severity” and “rarity” criteria are defined.

Methods
Searches were carried out in PubMed and Embase to identify eligible systematic reviews. Quality appraisal of systematic reviews was undertaken. From identified systematic reviews, primary studies were extracted and further screened for eligibility. The inclusion of severity and rarity criteria and their respective weights in primary studies were examined. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed.

Results
Twenty-nine systematic reviews were screened, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Primary studies included in these systematic reviews were retrieved and screened, resulting in forty articles included in the final analysis. Disease severity was more frequently considered (n = 29/40) than disease rarity (n = 23/40) as an evaluation criterion. Out of all cases where both were included as evaluation criteria, disease severity was assigned higher weights 84 percent of the time (n = 21/25).

Conclusions
Our review found consistent evidence that disease severity is more relevant and preferred to rarity as a priority-setting criterion albeit constraints in statistical analysis imposed by limited sample size and data availability. Where funding for rare diseases is concerned, we advocate that decision-makers be explicit in clarifying the significance of disease severity and/or rarity as a value driver behind decisions. Our findings also reinforce the relevance of disease severity as a criterion in priority setting.
Mitigating Missingness in Analysing Chinese Policy and Implications for the Fragility of Our Knowledge Base
Authors: Brussee Vincent 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Access challenges for China researchers have increased, including for online research. This paper focuses on one subset of such challenges: policy documents. As no studies have to date analysed variation in data availability over time, researchers studying official documents risk conflating variation in transparency with actual policy change. This paper analyses missingness and finds that publication of policy documents under China's “open government information” initiative increased until the mid-late 2010s but then began to decrease. A key determinant of policy transparency is whether a document is related to citizens’ daily lives, as opposed to national security. Furthermore, nearly 20 per cent of policy documents become unavailable two years after their publication. The paper concludes with a discussion on how to mitigate these challenges.
One-year and ultimate correlations in dependent claims run-off triangles
Authors: Delong Łukasz , Szatkowski Marcin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate bottom-up risk aggregation applied by insurance companies facing reserve risk from multiple lines of business. Since risk capitals should be calculated in different time horizons and calendar years, depending on the regulatory or reporting regime (Solvency II vs IFRS 17), we study correlations of ultimate losses and correlations of one-year losses in future calendar years in lines of business. We consider a multivariate version of a Hertig’s lognormal model and we derive analytical formulas for the ultimate correlation and the one-year correlations in future calendar years. Our main conclusion is that the correlation coefficients that should be used in a bottom-up aggregation formula depend on the time horizon and the future calendar year where the risk emerges. We investigate analytically and numerically properties of the ultimate and the one-year correlations, their possible values observed in practice, and the impact of misspecified correlations on the diversified risk capital.
A Refined Zero‐Buoyancy Plume Model for Large‐Scale Atmospheric Profiles and Anvil Clouds in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Hu Zeyuan , Jeevanjee Nadir , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA simple analytical model, the zero‐buoyancy plume (ZBP) model, has been proposed to understand how small‐scale processes such as plume‐environment mixing and evaporation affect the steady‐state structure of the atmosphere. In this study, we refine the ZBP model to achieve self‐consistent analytical solutions for convective mass flux, addressing the inconsistencies in previous solutions. Our refined ZBP model reveals that increasing plume‐environment mixing can increase upper‐troposphere mass flux through two pathways: increased cloud evaporation or reduced atmospheric stability. To validate these findings, we conducted small‐domain convection‐permitting Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium simulations with horizontal resolutions ranging from 4 km to 125 m. As a proxy for plume‐environment mixing strength, the diagnosed entrainment rate increases with finer resolution. Consistent with a previous study, we observed that both anvil cloud fraction and upper‐troposphere mass flux increase with higher resolution. Analysis of the clear‐sky energy balance in the simulations with two different microphysics schemes identified both pathways proposed by the ZBP model. The dominant pathway depends on the relative strengths of evaporation cooling and radiative cooling in the environment. Our work provides a refined simple framework for understanding the interaction between small‐scale convective processes and large‐scale atmospheric structure.
Field Validation of the Superelevation Method for Debris‐Flow Velocity Estimation Using High‐Resolution Lidar and UAV Data
Authors: Åberg A. , Aaron J. , McArdell B. W. , Kirchner J. , de Haas T. , Hirschberg J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEstimating flow velocities is key to assessing hazards associated with debris flows. One approach to post‐event velocity estimation is the superelevation method, which uses debris‐flow mudlines to measure the cross‐channel surface inclination, or superelevation, produced by centripetal forces acting on the flow in a bend. Flow velocities are then calculated using a subjective parameterization of the forced vortex equation modified to include a debris‐flow specific correction factor. Subjective parameterization of this equation leads to substantial variability and uncertainty in the resulting flow velocities. We present an analysis of the reliability of the superelevation method using a large UAV‐based data set of 14 debris flows with front velocities of ∼0.8–6.5 m s−1 and cross‐channel surface inclinations of ∼0.6–8.5°, as well as a validation for a single debris flow measured using high‐resolution, high‐frequency 3D lidar data fused to video imagery. The validation event indicates that when the flow surface inclination can be measured directly, the forced vortex equation produces excellent results without needing a correction factor for Froude numbers ranging from 0.7 to 1.5. This finding indicates that the main challenge with the superelevation method lies in obtaining accurate measurements of superelevation from the mudlines, and that a correction factor may serve to compensate for measurement difficulties rather than variable flow properties. For very small and highly subcritical flows, the superelevation method may generate a large overestimation of flow velocities.
Enhanced Video Inpainting: A Deep Learning Approach for Historical Weather Reconstruction
Authors: Schmutz Yannis , Imfeld Noemi , Brönnimann Stefan , Graf Erik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate the applicability of deep learning (DL) methods for reconstructing daily weather data. Inspired by video inpainting, we propose a novel method, WeRec3D, which utilizes a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network. Our approach was developed iteratively by evaluating seven modeling improvement techniques. The resulting method reduces the validation error by 67% compared to a two‐dimensional baseline, decreasing the error from RMSE = 0.4620 and MAE = 0.311 to RMSE = 0.1527 and MAE = 0.1093. Additionally, we demonstrate the impact of the spatial distribution of observations on reconstruction accuracy and propose a potential integration with the analogue resampling method. WeRec3D is trained and validated in a self‐supervised manner using ERA5's surface temperature and pressure data over Europe. On a hold‐out set from 1950 to 1954, the validation results in an MAE of 1.11°C and 199 Pa. As a case study, we reconstruct the 1807 heat wave and validate it using a leave‐one‐out method in space. Compared to the original data, the reconstructed time series exhibit a correlation of at least 0.91, with a maximum normalized RMSE and standard deviation delta of 0.58 and 0.51 respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply DL‐based video inpainting techniques for weather reconstruction, proposing it as a novel approach for reconstructing missing weather information.
A novel gyroscope based on the slow surface acoustic wave in a phononic metamaterial
Authors: Ge Fei , Zhao Liye , Xu Jiawen , Ding Xukai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLimited to the direct modulation on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) by the rotation, the conventional SAW gyroscopes incur weak Coriolis effects and gyroscopic effects. In this paper, we innovatively utilize a phononic metamaterial (PM) operated at whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) as the vehicle for the Coriolis effect rather than SAW itself. The gyroscopic effects of this PM are investigated, and a new SAW gyroscope is subsequently proposed based on the slow SAW in PM. We show, combining theoretical modeling and finite element method simulation, that the rate of rotation can linearly induce the splitting of WGMs and modulate the phase velocity of SAW down to 4600 m/s (initial phase velocity of 5355 m/s); the direction of rotation results in the chiral symmetry of the PM vibration and the asymmetric distribution of the transmissive SAW. Besides, the proposed SAW gyroscope measures the angular velocity by detecting the phase shift resulting from rotation-dependent slow SAW in PM, obtaining a sensitivity of 0.016 deg/Hz when 50-cell PM. Compared with the existing SAW gyroscopes based on phase velocity modulation, the gyroscopic gain factor in this paper is enhanced by 430–1600 times. This work jumps out of the framework of directly modulating SAW in gyroscopes and provides an innovative scheme of the indirect modulations from the rotation-dependent PM on SAW, showing excellent performance and potential for angular velocity measurement in extreme environments.
The role of co-occurring conditions and genetics in the associations of eating disorders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Christiansen Gitte Bundgaard , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup , Chatwin Hannah , Yilmaz Zeynep , Schendel Diana , Bulik Cynthia M. , Grove Jakob , Brikell Isabell , Semark Birgitte Dige , Holde Katrine , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Hübel Christopher , Albiñana Clara , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni Jóhann , Børglum Anders D. , Demontis Ditte , Mortensen Preben Bo , Larsen Janne Tidselbak 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) commonly co-occur with other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the pattern of family history and genetic overlap among them requires clarification. This study investigated the diagnostic, familial, and genetic associations of EDs with ADHD and ASD. The nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark, 1981–2008, linked to their siblings and cousins. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, and mediation analysis was used to assess the effects of intermediate mood or anxiety disorders. Polygenic scores (PGSs) were used to investigate the genetic association between anorexia nervosa (AN) and ADHD or ASD. Significantly increased risk for any ED was observed following an ADHD or ASD diagnosis. Mediation analysis suggested that intermediate mood or anxiety disorders could account for 44%–100% of the association between ADHD or ASD and ED. Individuals with a full sibling or maternal half sibling with ASD had increased risk of AN compared to those with siblings without ASD. A positive association was found between ASD-PGS and AN risk whereas a negative association was found between AN-PGS and ADHD. In this study, positive phenotypic associations between EDs and ADHD or ASD, mediation by mood or anxiety disorder, and genetic associations between ASD-PGS and AN and between AN-PGS and ADHD were observed. These findings could guide future research in the development of new treatments that can mitigate the development of EDs among individuals with ADHD or ASD.
MDM4 inhibits ferroptosis in p53 mutant colon cancer via regulating TRIM21/GPX4 expression
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Xujin , Xie Yixuan , Yan Yuxiang , Xue Sihui , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Han , Pan Qilong , Yan Sisi , Zheng Xiaoling , Huang Qingling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMDM4 is one of the major regulators of p53. The biological effect of MDM4 on tumor is controversial, its role and molecular mechanism in colon cancer progression and prognosis are still unclear. In this study, we identify that MDM4 is significantly overexpressed in human colon cancer and high MDM4 expression was associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer with mutant p53. MDM4 inhibits the ubiquitination of the ferroptosis marker protein GPX4 at K167 and K191 by upregulating the protein expression level of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, which promotes the polyubiquitination of GPX4 transfer from K48- to K63- linked ubiquitination. Thereby, MDM4 enhances the stability of GPX4 protein, inhibiting ferroptosis, increasing the resistance of colon cancer patients to chemotherapy, and promoting colon cancer progression. These findings elucidate the ferroptosis inhibition effect of MDM4 via regulating TRIM21/GPX4 on p53-mutated colon cancer and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer therapy.
Guarantees on the structure of experimental quantum networks
Authors: Ulibarrena Andrés , Webb Jonathan W. , Pickston Alexander , Ho Joseph , Fedrizzi Alessandro , Pozas-Kerstjens Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum networks connect and supply a large number of nodes with multi-party quantum resources for secure communication, networked quantum computing and distributed sensing. As these networks grow in size, certification tools will be required to answer questions regarding their properties. In this work we demonstrate a general method to guarantee that certain correlations cannot be generated in a given quantum network. We apply quantum inflation methods to data obtained in quantum group encryption experiments, guaranteeing the impossibility of producing the observed results in networks with fewer optical elements. Our results pave the way for scalable methods of obtaining device-independent guarantees on the network structure underlying multipartite quantum protocols.