bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes with drug‐coated balloons in small‐vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Megaly Michael , Rofael Michael , Saad Marwan , Rezq Ahmed , Kohl Louis P. , Kalra Ankur , Shishehbor Mehdi , Soukas Peter , Abbott JD , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of small‐vessel coronary artery disease (SVD) is associated with increased risk of restenosis. The use of drug‐coated balloons (DCBs) in SVD has received limited study.ObjectivesTo assess the outcomes of DCB in the treatment of SVD compared with the standard of care.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of all studies published between January 2000 and September 2018 reporting the outcomes of DCB versus other modalities in the treatment of de novo SVD.ResultsSeven studies with 1,824 patients (1,938 lesions) were included (four randomized controlled trials and three observational studies). During a mean follow‐up of 14.5 ± 10 months, DCBs were associated with a similar risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR) (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.84, P = 97) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.45, P = 0.57) compared with drug‐eluting stents (DES). During a mean follow‐up of 7 ± 1.5 months, DCBs were associated with a significantly lower risk of TLR (OR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.88, P = 0.03) and binary restenosis (OR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.08–0.37, P = <0.00001) compared with noncoated balloon angioplasty.ConclusionThe use of DCBs in SVD is associated with comparable outcomes when compared with DES and favorable outcomes when compared with balloon angioplasty.
Revealing the Role of Gold in the Growth of Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide by Surface Alloy Formation
Authors: Song Intek , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe formation of Mo/Au surface alloy during Au‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MoS2 is confirmed by a series of control experiments. A metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system is adapted to conduct two‐dimensional MoS2 growth in a controlled environment. Sequential injection of Mo and S precursors, which does not yield any MoS2 on SiO2/Si, grows atomically thin MoS2 on Au, indicating the formation of an alloy phase. Transmission electron microscopy of a cross‐section of the specimen confirms the confinement of the alloy phase near the surface only. These results show that the reaction intermediate is the surface alloy, and that the role of Au in the Au‐assisted CVD is the formation of an atomically thin reservoir of Mo near the surface. This mechanism is clearly distinguished from that of MOCVD, which does not involve the formation of any alloy phases.
Uterine cancer in Jewish Israeli BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Laitman Yael , Michaelson‐Cohen Rachel , Levi Einat , Chen‐Shtoyerman Rakefet , Reish Orit , Josefsberg Ben‐Yehoshua Sagi , Bernstein‐Molho Rinat , Keinan‐Boker Lital , Rosengarten Ora , Silverman Barbara G. , Perri Tamar , Korach Jacob , Mor Pnina , Ephrat Ben‐Baruch Noa , Levy Lahad Ephrat , Friedman Eitan ,   the Israeli Consortium of Hereditary Breast Cancer
Published: November 2018

BackgroundBRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, leading to the recommendation of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) at 35‐40 years of age. The role, if any, that BRCA mutations play in conferring uterine cancer risk, is unresolved.MethodJewish Israeli women, carriers of one of the predominant Jewish mutations in BRCA1/2 from 1998 to 2016, were recruited. Cancer diagnoses were determined through the Israeli National Cancer Registry. Uterine cancer risk was assessed by computing the standardized incidence ratio of observed‐to‐expected number of cases, using the exact 2‐sided P value of Poisson count.ResultsOverall, 2627 eligible mutation carriers were recruited from 1998 to 2016, 2312 (88%) of whom were Ashkenazi Jews (1463 BRCA1, 1154 BRCA2 mutation carriers, 10 double mutation carriers). Among these participants, 1310 underwent RRSO without hysterectomy at a mean (± standard deviation) age of 43.6 years (± 4.4 years). During 32,774 women‐years of follow up, 14 women developed uterine cancer, and the observed‐to‐expected rate of all histological subtypes was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17‐6.67; P < .001). For serous papillary (n = 5), the observed‐to‐expected ratio was 14.29 (95% CI, 4.64‐33.34; P < .001), and for sarcoma (n = 4) it was 37.74 (95% CI, 10.28‐96.62). These rates were also higher than those detected in a group of 1844 age‐ and ethnicity‐matched women (53% with breast cancer).ConclusionIsraeli BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are at an increased risk for developing uterine cancer, especially serous papillary and sarcoma. These elevated risks of uterine cancer should be discussed with BRCA carriers.
Survival, local control, and health‐related quality of life in patients with oligometastatic and polymetastatic spinal tumors: A multicenter, international study
Authors: Barzilai Ori , Versteeg Anne L. , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence D. , Bilsky Mark H. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Schuster James M. , Weber Michael H. , Pal Varga Peter , Boriani Stefano , Bettegowda Chetan , Fehlings Michael G. , Yamada Yoshiya , Clarke Michelle J. , Arnold Paul M. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. , Laufer Ilya , the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor  
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of oligometastatic (≤5 metastases) spinal disease has trended toward ablative therapies, yet to the authors’ knowledge little is known regarding the prognosis of patients presenting with oligometastatic spinal disease and the value of this approach. The objective of the current study was to compare the survival and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer with oligometastatic spinal disease with those of patients with polymetastatic (>5 metastases) disease.MethodsThe current study was an international, multicenter, prospective study. Patients who were admitted to a participating spine center with a diagnosis of spinal metastases and who underwent surgical intervention and/or radiotherapy between August 2013 and May 2017 were included. Data collected included demographics, overall survival, local control, and treatment information including surgical, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy details. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures included the EuroQOL 5 dimensions 3‐level questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐3L), the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36v2), and the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ).ResultsOf the 393 patients included in the current study, 215 presented with oligometastatic disease and 178 presented with polymetastatic disease. A significant survival advantage of 90.1% versus 77.3% at 3 months and 77.0% versus 65.1% at 6 months from the time of treatment was found for patients presenting with oligometastatic disease compared with those with polymetastatic disease. It is important to note that both groups experienced significant improvements in multiple HRQOL measures at 6 months after treatment, with no differences in these outcome measures noted between the 2 groups.ConclusionsThe treatment of oligometastatic disease appears to offer a significant survival advantage compared with polymetastatic disease, regardless of treatment choice. HRQOL measures were found to improve in both groups, demonstrating a palliative benefit for all treated patients.
Analyzing Diguanylate Cyclase Activity In Vivo using a Heterologous Escherichia coli Host
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBacterial biofilms are notorious for their deleterious effects on human health and industrial biofouling. Key processes in biofilm formation are regulated by the second messenger signal cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP); accumulation of c‐di‐GMP promotes biofilm formation, while lowering c‐di‐GMP promotes motility. Complex networks of modular enzymes are involved in regulating c‐di‐GMP homeostasis. Understanding how these enzymes function in bacterial cells can help enlighten how bacteria use environmental cues to modulate c‐di‐GMP and cell physiology. In this article, we describe a workflow that utilizes Escherichia coli as a heterologous host to allow the researcher to identify genes encoding potential c‐di‐GMP‐metabolizing proteins, to express the gene of interest from an inducible plasmid, and to directly detect changes in intracellular c‐di‐GMP using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determining the molecular test for indeterminate thyroid nodules best suited for our practice: A quality assurance study
Authors: Maerki Jennifer , Klein Melissa , Chau Karen , Gimenez Cecilia , Fishbein Joanna , Khutti Seema , Das Kasturi 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionCurrently, molecular studies are widely used as a guiding tool in further management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. At our institution, clinicians have recently expressed concern over receiving “less positive molecular results” upon switching from an extended 14 gene mutation panel (EGMP) to a 7 gene mutation panel (GMP). Our goal is to compare outcomes of these two tests in regards to the performance characteristics and clinical impact.Materials and MethodsAll thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens sent for molecular studies from 2016 to 2017 were retrospectively studied. Cytopathology diagnosis, pertinent clinical findings, molecular results, and follow‐up (F/U) surgical and cytology diagnoses were recorded.ResultsOf the total 165 cases sent for molecular tests 86 (52%) were GMP and 79 (47%) EGMP. There were 21 (24%) and 40 (50%) cases with positive GMP and EGMP results, respectively. Within these positive cases (n = 61), there were a total of 33 (54%) patients who underwent surgical resection and 28 (45%) patients had no follow‐up. The molecular findings and surgical pathologic diagnoses obtained are illustrated in Figures 1 through 4 for GMP and EGMP, respectively.ConclusionsThe selection of molecular testing should be directed toward optimizing patient care and facilitate clinical management. This quality assurance study helped in understanding the complexities associated with test selection best suited for our institution and in educating clinicians.
Effect of enriched environment during adolescence on spatial learning and memory, and voluntary consumption of morphine in maternally separated rats in adulthood
Authors: Mohammadian Javad , Najafi Mahmoud , Miladi‐Gorji Hossein 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) during adolescence on spatial learning and memory and voluntary morphine consumption in maternally separated (MS) male and female rats in adulthood. Male Wistar rats were allowed to mate with female virgin Wistar rats. Pups were separated from the dams daily for 180 min during postnatal days 2–14. All pups were weaned on day 21. The pups of both sexes were reared in a standard (SE) or enriched (EE) environment during postnatal days 21–50. Then, adulthood rats were tested for spatial learning and memory (Morris Water Maze), and voluntary consumption of morphine using a two‐bottle choice paradigm (TBC). We found that the MS/SE rats showed longer escape latencies to find the platform on the third (the male) and fourth (the female) days of training than No MS/SE rats. Also, exposure to EE shortened the latency to escape in the male and female MS rats as training progressed than MS/SE rats. Moreover, the No MS/EE and MS/EE male rats spent significantly more time in the target zone compared with the SE control groups in the probe test. We also found that voluntary morphine consumption was higher in the male and female MS/SE than No MS/SE rats, while it was lower in the male and female MS/EE rats. The present results have shown that EE treatment may have potential therapeutic application for the prevention of the development of drug addiction and recovery from cognitive deficits following neonatal MS during adulthood.
An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC‐1295 and other growth‐hormone‐releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma
Authors: Timms Mark , Ganio Katherine , Forbes Grace , Bailey Simon , Steel Rohan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCJC‐1295 is a 30 amino acid peptide‐based drug that stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. It is unique among performance‐enhancing peptides due to the presence of a reactive maleimidopropionic acid group that covalently links the peptide to free thiols on the surface of plasma proteins. Once conjugated, CJC‐1295 remains active in the bloodstream for significantly longer than non‐conjugated peptide‐based drugs that are rapidly excreted. Conjugation of CJC‐1295 to plasma proteins prevents its detection by top‐down mass‐spectrometry‐based peptide screening protocols as it effectively becomes a macromolecular protein with an undefined molecular weight. Using a pair of monoclonal antibodies raised against the CJC‐1295 peptide, we present an immuno‐polymerase chain reaction (I‐PCR) assay that is capable of detecting the CJC‐1295‐protein conjugate at concentrations down to 0.8 pg/mL. Detection of endogenous equine GHRH necessitated a screening threshold for CJC‐1295 in equine plasma of 50 pg/mL. The effectiveness of the assay for controlling the illicit use of CJC‐1295 was confirmed in equine blood samples after administration in thoroughbred race horses.
Hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis
Authors: Leasure Douglas R. , Wenger Seth J. , Chelgren Nathan D. , Neville Helen M. , Dauwalter Daniel C. , Bjork Robin , Fesenmyer Kurt A. , Dunham Jason B. , Peacock Mary M. , Luce Charlie H. , Lute Abby C. , Isaak Daniel J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPopulation viability analysis (PVA) uses concepts from theoretical ecology to provide a powerful tool for quantitative estimates of population dynamics and extinction risks. However, conventional statistical PVA requires long‐term data from every population of interest, whereas many species of concern exist in multiple isolated populations that are only monitored occasionally. We present a hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis model that increases inference power from sparse data by sharing information among populations to assess extinction risks while accounting for incomplete detection and sampling biases with explicit observation and sampling sub‐models. We present a case study in which we customized this model for historical population monitoring data (1985–2015) from federally threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in the Great Basin, USA. Data were counts of fish captured during backpack electrofishing surveys from locations associated with 155 isolated populations. Some surveys (25%) included multi‐pass removal sampling, which provided valuable information about capture efficiency. GIS and remote sensing were used to estimate August stream temperatures, peak flows, and riparian vegetation condition in each population each year. Field data were used to derive an annual index of nonnative trout densities. Results indicated that population growth rates were higher in colder streams and that nonnative trout reduced carrying capacities of native trout. Extinction risks increased with more environmental stochasticity and were also related to population extent, water temperatures, and nonnative densities. We developed a graphical user interface to interact with the fitted model results and to simulate future habitat scenarios and management actions to assess their influence on extinction risks in each population. Hierarchical multi‐population viability analysis bridges the gap between site‐level field observations and population‐level processes, making effective use of existing datasets to support management decisions with robust estimates of population dynamics, extinction risks, and uncertainties.
Women experience more serious relationship problems when male partners endorse hostile sexism
Authors: Cross Emily J. , Overall Nickola C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMen's hostile sexism promotes aggressive attitudes, motivations and behaviors toward women. Despite the costs these effects should have for women, prior research has failed to test how men's hostile sexism predicts the problems women experience in important domains. We address this oversight by utilizing dyadic data from 363 heterosexual couples to test how male partners’ hostile sexism predicts women's relationship experiences and evaluations. Male partners’ hostile sexism was associated with women experiencing more severe problems across a greater number of domains. Moreover, the areas experienced as most problematic were consistent with the power, dependence, and trust concerns underlying men's hostile sexism, including problems with power dynamics, jealousy, and serious problems involving gender‐role conflict, abuse, infidelity and alcohol/drugs. The greater problems associated with male partners’ hostile sexism predicted more negative relationship evaluations for women. These results demonstrate the importance of examining how men's hostile sexism harms women in important life domains.
Zn@C Core–Shell Nanocomposite for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn//MnO2 Batteries with Long Lifetime
Authors: Wei Hang , Hu Xiao , Zhang Xianfeng , Yu Zhifeng , Zhou Tianyi , Liu Yang , Liu Yongguang , Wang Yue , Xie Jiexin , Sun Lianfeng , Liang Minghui , Jiang Peng 
Published: November 2018

Rechargeable zinc‐based aqueous batteries are a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices because of the high theoretical energy density of Zn as well as the availability, safety, and cheap price of Zn‐based aqueous batteries. A Zn@C core–shell composite is designed to overcome two problems of Zn anodes, that is, the formation of Zn dendrites and the corrosion/loss of Zn anode during the charge–discharge process, influencing the lifetime of Zn‐based aqueous batteries. The prepared Zn@C composite from ZnO@C with electrochemical reduction is robust as the anode for a Zn@C//MnO2 battery, and a 98.8% retention after 400 cycles is obtained at a discharge rate of 5 C. The specific capacitance of Zn@C//MnO2 battery can reach 135 mAh gZn−1 at 3 C, and the energy density of this battery can reach 75.9 Wh Kg−1. The coated carbon layer on Zn/ZnO plays a role in protecting Zn/ZnO from leaching or corrosion by KOH, so the structure of Zn@C is a key factor in improving the cycling lifetime of Zn‐based aqueous batteries.
Genomic kinship construction to enhance genetic analyses in the human connectome project data
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Donohue Brian , Mitchell Braxton D. , Ganjgahi Habib , Adhikari Bhim , Ryan Meghann , Medland Sarah E. , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Blangero John , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Marcus Daniel , Van Essen David C. , Glahn David C , Elliot Hong L. , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImaging genetic analyses quantify genetic control over quantitative measurements of brain structure and function using coefficients of relationship (CR) that code the degree of shared genetics between subjects. CR can be inferred through self‐reported relatedness or calculated empirically using genome‐wide SNP scans. We hypothesized that empirical CR provides a more accurate assessment of shared genetics than self‐reported relatedness. We tested this in 1,046 participants of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (480 M/566 F) recruited from the Missouri twin registry. We calculated the heritability for 17 quantitative traits drawn from four categories (brain diffusion and structure, cognition, and body physiology) documented by the HCP. We compared the heritability and genetic correlation estimates calculated using self‐reported and empirical CR methods Kinship‐based INference for GWAS (KING) and weighted allelic correlation (WAC). The polygenetic nature of traits was assessed by calculating the empirical CR from chromosomal SNP sets. The heritability estimates based on whole‐genome empirical CR were higher but remained significantly correlated (r ∼0.9) with those obtained using self‐reported values. Population stratification in the HCP sample has likely influenced the empirical CR calculations and biased heritability estimates. Heritability values calculated using empirical CR for chromosomal SNP sets were significantly correlated with the chromosomal length (r 0.7) suggesting a polygenic nature for these traits. The chromosomal heritability patterns were correlated among traits from the same knowledge domains; among traits with significant genetic correlations; and among traits sharing biological processes, without being genetically related. The pedigree structures generated in our analyses are available online as a web‐based calculator (www.solar-eclipse-genetics.org/HCP).
The evaluation of malpractice cases arising from aesthetic intervention in Turkey based on Supreme Court case law
Authors: Yalcin Balcik Pınar , Cakmak Cuma 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate medical malpractice cases arising from aesthetic services based on the decisions of the Supreme Court.Material and methodsIn the study, compensation and criminal lawsuits finalized by the civil and penal courts of the Supreme Court were examined retrospectively. All the case law decisions were obtained from the official website of the Supreme Court: www.yargitay.gov.tr. Nine hundred and eighty‐one decisions were obtained after performing a keyword search in the website; after duplicates and unrelated cases were removed, 81 decisions (N = 81) were evaluated.ResultsThe analysis showed that lawsuits related to medical malpractice involving aesthetic interventions are mostly finalized by the civil courts, which decide claims for compensation. Malpractice primarily occurred in private hospitals and beauty centers, and operations were found to be commonly performed by physicians and beauty experts. Malpractice cases were found to be mostly caused by poor medical intervention, a lack of attention/care, and faulty/incorrect treatment. The average compensation amount provided by the civil courts is 55 558 ± 50 014 TL (14 209 ± 12 318 USD).ConclusionOn the basis of these results, it is recommended that the awareness and training level of healthcare personnel should be increased, and precautions should be taken at both the institutional and the national levels.
A Professional Development Activity to Help Teaching Assistants Work as a Team to Assess Lab Reports in a General Chemistry Course
Authors: Avargil Shirly , Bruce Mitchell R. M. , Klemmer Susan A. , Bruce Alice E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGraduate student teaching assistants (TAs) are often responsible for assessing student work, such as laboratory reports, and it is important that the same student effort be assessed similarly across TAs. Prior exercises with TAs showed a wide range of scoring among a team of TAs assessing the same lab report. A three‐hour Professional Development (PD) activity spread over three weeks was conducted with TAs in a general chemistry course to gain skill in the assessment of lab reports within the context of working as a group. In week 1, TAs individually assessed an identical, redacted lab report. In week 2, TAs discussed their scoring of the first lab report, and then assessed and discussed selected portions of additional lab reports. During week 3, TAs assessed another redacted lab report. Results show a modest narrowing in TAs’ scoring from week 1 to week 3, which suggests this activity could be employed as part of a strategy to develop “community” standards among TAs.