bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home maintenance expenditures and income fluctuations
Authors: Mok Diana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I study the role of a household’s expenditures on durables in its smoothing strategy for consumption. I ask, “Do homeowners spend less on maintaining their homes when they earn less than expected?” To answer this question, I estimate the elasticity of home maintenance expenditures to transitory earnings. The results show that households do smooth consumption by reducing home maintenance expenditures when transitory earnings are negative, but do not do so by spending more when transitory earnings are positive. Households that are mobility constrained do use home maintenance expenditures as a smoothing strategy, but those that are not constrained do not. The results also show an asymmetry by gender: Males reduce maintenance expenditures for negative transitory earnings while females increase these expenditures for positive transitory earnings.
Utilisation of beef lung protein powder as a functional ingredient to enhance protein and iron content of fresh pasta
Authors: Jayawardena S. Reshan , Morton James D. , Brennan Charles S. , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBeef lungs are an underutilised co‐product of the meat industry that could be used as an ingredient to supplement the protein content of cereal foods. Beef lung powder (BLP) had a protein content of 87% (dry weight basis), an amino acid score of 1, and contained 1 mg g−1 iron. Fresh semolina pasta was used as a model food, and BLP was incorporated up to 20%. Incorporation of 10% BLP improved the indispensable amino acid score of the pasta from 0.48 to 0.91. At that level of incorporation, higher cooking loss and redder (increased ‘a’ value) and darker (decreased ‘L’ value) colour resulted. The fresh pasta with BLP had a lower glycaemic response compared to control samples. BLP improved the functional value of the fresh pasta and is a potential ingredient in the development of new food products.
Restraint interventions in people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities: Perspectives of support staff and family members
Authors: Embregts Petri J. C. M. , Negenman Annemarieke , Habraken Jolanda M. , de Boer Marike E. , Frederiks Brenda J. M. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDue to incompatibilities in communication, it is key that family members and support staff can take the perspective of people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities (ID) whilst putting aside their own perspectives.MethodTen vignettes describing types of restraint interventions (RIs) were presented to 20 unique pairs of support staff and family members related to individuals with moderate to profound ID.ResultsIn taking their own perspective, more than half of the support staff and family members perceived all RIs as involuntary and severe. In contrast, when asked to put themselves in the position of the client/family member, only three RIs were considered involuntary by a majority of support staff and family members.ConclusionsThese results indicate that support staff and family members can take into account the perspective of people with moderate to profound ID in the evaluation and consideration of involuntary care.
Surgical approaches in women with endometrial cancer with a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2
Authors: Raventós‐Tato Rut M. , de la Torre‐Fernández de Vega Javier , Sánchez‐Iglesias José L. , Díaz‐Feijoó Berta , Sabadell Jordi , Pérez‐Benavente María A. , Gil‐Moreno Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimEndometrial cancer is often associated with obesity. We want to compare the outcomes of surgical staging according to the surgical approach in patients with a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2.MethodsA retrospective cohort study with 138 patients with endometrial cancer and body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 with different surgical staging routes: laparotomy (LPT; n = 94) and minimally invasive surgery (MIS): laparoscopy (LPC; n = 18) + robotic assisted laparoscopy (n = 26).ResultsLymphadenectomy rate was similar in the three groups; there were no differences in the number of nodes removed. Decreased bleeding (P = 0.002) and hospital admission length (P < 0.001) was observed in the endoscopic group. Less early‐postoperative complications were observed in the robotic approach (P = 0.007). Significant differences were not observed in recurrence‐free survival or in overall survival.ConclusionMinimal invasive surgical staging in obese women with endometrial cancer could represent the surgical route of choice because it decreases operative bleeding, hospital admission length and the early postoperative complication rate without compromising recurrence‐free survival or overall survival.
Systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of chronic bleeding in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Al‐Samkari H. , Kritharis A. , Rodriguez‐Lopez J. M. , Kuter D. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare hereditary multisystem vascular disorder causing visceral arteriovenous malformations and mucocutaneous bleeding. Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and epistaxis often produce profound anaemia refractory to conventional treatment. Bevacizumab, an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, may be effective in treatment of bleeding inHHT.MethodsAllHHTpatients treated with systemic bevacizumab for chronic bleeding were selected for retrospective analysis. Data collected included demographics, baselineHHTcharacteristics, epistaxis grade, surgical interventions, bevacizumab dosing, adverse events, haemoglobin, red cell transfusions, intravenous iron infusions, and other anaemia and/or bleeding‐directed therapies.ResultsThirteenHHTpatients were treated with bevacizumab for a median of 13.9 (range 4.9–30.1) months. Compared with pretreatment values, bevacizumab treatment increased the mean haemoglobin by 4.0 g dL−1(95%CI, 2.6–5.3 g dL−1) [mean (95%CI) haemoglobin 8.5 (7.8, 9.9) g dL−1vs. 12.5 (11.2, 13.7) g dL−1,P< 0.001)], reduced red cell units transfused by 92% [median of 6 (range 0–59) units vs. 0 (range 0–15) units,P= 0.004] and reduced quantity of iron infused by 73% [mean (95%CI) 462 (257, 668) mg month−1vs. 126 (75, 178) mg month−1,P= 0.002]. Epistaxis control was achieved in 85% with bevacizumab versus 0% before treatment (P< 0.001). No patient required nasal orGIprocedures during the maintenance period. Two patients (15%) developed grade 3 hypertension requiring medical management.ConclusionSystemic bevacizumab was highly effective to treat chronic bleeding inHHT. Further study is needed to confirm the magnitude of benefit and further define optimal dosing, treatment duration and long‐term safety.
Potential clinical implications of HPV status and expressions of p53 and cyclin D1 among oropharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Lu X. J. David , Liu Kelly Y. P. , Soares Rosilene C. , Thomson Thomas , Prisman Eitan , Wu Jonn , Poh Catherine F. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that high‐risk human papillomavirus plays significant role in oropharyngeal cancer; however, there is lack of knowledge on the interplay between the virus and its downstream‐related molecules and their possible prognostic values. The objectives of the study are to better understand the interplay of the HR‐HPV and its associated downstream molecules and to evaluate potential biomarkers for patient outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study with available formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from 244 oropharyngeal cancer patients that received curative radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy from 2000 to 2008. In addition to chart review, we performed HPV DNA and RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for p53, the retinoblastoma protein, p16, and cyclin D1 analysis. Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis were used to determine the prognostic markers for clinical outcomes.ResultsPatients averaged 57.3 ± 9.4 year‐old and were mostly males (76.2%) and ever‐smokers (76.2%). All patients received curative radiotherapy, and 44.3% received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. We detected the human papillomavirus in 77.9% of study patients. Ever‐smokers, more advanced tumor stage, and receiving radiotherapy only had poorer 5‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and loco‐regional recurrence. Cases with positive human papillomavirus and p53 overexpression had poorer disease‐specific survival. Cases without human papillomavirus, but cyclin D1 overexpression, were associated with poorer 5‐year overall survival.ConclusionsOur data suggest that additional p53 and cyclin D1 testing may benefit oropharyngeal cancer patients with known human papillomavirus status.
Transcriptomic responses to extreme low salinity among locally adapted populations of Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida)
Authors: Maynard Ashley , Bible Jillian M. , Pespeni Melissa H. , Sanford Eric , Evans Tyler G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) is a foundation species inhabiting estuaries along the North American west coast. In California estuaries, O. lurida is adapted to local salinity regimes and populations differ in low salinity tolerance. In this study, oysters from three California populations were reared for two generations in a laboratory common garden and subsequently exposed to low salinity seawater. Comparative transcriptomics was then used to understand species‐level responses to hyposmotic stress and population‐level mechanisms underlying divergent salinity tolerances. Gene expression patterns indicate Olympia oysters are sensitive to hyposmotic stress: All populations respond to low salinity by up‐regulating transcripts indicative of protein unfolding, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest after sub‐lethal exposure. Among O. lurida populations, transcriptomic profiles differed constitutively and in response to low salinity. Despite two generations in common‐garden conditions, transcripts encoding apoptosis modulators were constitutively expressed at significantly different levels in the most tolerant population. Expression of cell death regulators may facilitate cell fate decisions when salinity declines. Following low salinity exposure, oysters from the more tolerant population expressed a small number of mRNAs at significantly higher levels than less tolerant populations. Proteins encoded by these transcripts regulate ciliary activity within the mantle cavity and may function to prolong valve closure and reduce mortality in low salinity seawater. Collectively, gene expression patterns suggest sub‐lethal impacts of hyposmotic stress in Olympia oysters are considerable and that even oysters with greater low salinity tolerance may be vulnerable to future freshwater flooding events.
Circadian control of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signalling pathways revealed by genome‐wide analysis of LHY binding targets
Authors: Adams Sally , Grundy Jack , Veflingstad Siren R. , Dyer Nigel P. , Hannah Matthew A. , Ott Sascha , Carré Isabelle A. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

The LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) transcription factor functions as part of the oscillatory mechanism of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. This paper reports the genome‐wide analysis of its binding targets and reveals a role in the control of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and downstream responses.

LHY directly repressed expression of 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase enzymes, which catalyse the rate‐limiting step of ABA biosynthesis. This suggested a mechanism for the circadian control of ABA accumulation in wild‐type plants. Consistent with this hypothesis, ABA accumulated rhythmically in wild‐type plants, peaking in the evening. LHY‐overexpressing plants had reduced levels of ABA under drought stress, whereas loss‐of‐function mutants exhibited an altered rhythm of ABA accumulation.

LHY also bound the promoter of multiple components of ABA signalling pathways, suggesting that it may also act to regulate responses downstream of the hormone. LHY promoted expression of ABA‐responsive genes responsible for increased tolerance to drought and osmotic stress but alleviated the inhibitory effect of ABA on seed germination and plant growth.

This study reveals a complex interaction between the circadian clock and ABA pathways, which is likely to make an important contribution to plant performance under drought and osmotic stress conditions.
Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions
Authors: Brundrett Mark , Tedersoo Leho 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe draw attention to a worrying trend for the uncritical use of ‘recycled’ mycorrhizal data to compile host species lists that include obvious errors or undertake risky analyses that correlate mycorrhizal colonisation levels with environmental or physiological factors despite inherent limitations in datasets. We are not suggesting that all meta‐studies are wrong, only that more care should be taken to resolve what can safely be done with recycled mycorrhizal data in the future. We also recommend that mycorrhizal species lists should be checked against standard references since the majority of EM hosts and NM plant belong to families that are well resolved. However, additional research is required in cases where plant families have multiple root types within genera or occur in habitats where mycorrhizal associations are often suppressed (see Brundrett & Tedersoo, 2018). We hope that the mycorrhizal science community will work together more closely in the future to develop and enforce standards for mycorrhizal diagnosis and to share carefully corrected datasets for realistic meta‐studies.
Worldwide pacemaker and defibrillator reuse: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of contemporary trials
Authors: Sinha Sunil K. , Sivasambu Bhradeev , Yenokyan Gayane , Crawford Thomas C. , Chrispin Jonathan , Eagle Kim A. , Barth Andreas S. , Rickard John “Jack” , Spragg David D. , Vlay Stephen C. , Berger Ronald , Love Charles , Calkins Hugh , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Marine Joseph E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients go without pacemaker, defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization therapies (devices) each year due to the prohibitive costs of devices.ObjectiveWe sought to examine data available from studies regarding contemporary risks of reused devices in comparison with new devices.MethodsWe searched online indexing sites to identify recent studies. Peer‐reviewed manuscripts reporting infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, and device‐related death with reused devices were included. The primary study outcome was the composite risk of infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, and death. Secondary outcomes were the individual risks.ResultsNine observational studies (published 2009–2017) were identified totaling 2,302 devices (2,017 pacemakers, 285 defibrillators). Five controlled trials were included in meta‐analysis (2,114 devices; 1,258 new vs 856 reused). All device reuse protocols employed interrogation to confirm longevity and functionality, disinfectant therapy, and, usually, additional biocidal agents, packaging, and ethylene oxide gas sterilization. Demographic characteristics, indications for pacing, and median follow‐up were similar. There were no device‐related deaths reported and no statistically significant difference in risk between new versus reused devices for the primary outcome (2.23% vs 3.86% respectively, P = 0.807, odds ratio = 0.76). There were no significant differences seen in the secondary outcomes for the individual risks of infection, malfunction, and premature battery depletion.ConclusionsDevice reuse utilizing modern protocols did not significantly increase risk of infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, or device‐related death in observational studies. These data provide rationale for proceeding with a prospective multicenter noninferiority randomized control trial.
Withdrawal of oral anticoagulants 3 months after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Liyu , Xiao Ying , Hong Huashan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe best anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) remains a challenge.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library was conducted identifying at clinical trials which evaluated the differences between thromboembolism (TE) and hemorrhage in an off‐oral anticoagulants (OACs) treatment group (the observation group) and an on‐OACs treatment group (the control group), at 3 months after successful RFCA. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and the fixed effect model was used as a relevant statistical model. χ2 test and I2 were used to test for the presence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences between two groups in TE (relative risk [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–1.33, P = 0.42), and only mild heterogeneity (P = 0.22, I2 = 29%). No significant differences in TE between two subgroups were found according to < 3 years and ≥ 3 years follow‐up analyses (RR 0.58, 95% CI, 0.26–1.28, P = 0.18; RR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.54–1.85, P = 1.00). Furthermore, there was a lower risk of TE in the observation subgroup (< 60 years) compared to the control group (RR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.12–0.78, P = 0.01). Also, there were no significant differences in TE between two subgroups (≥ 60 years, RR 1.24, 95% CI, 0.67–2.28, P = 0.49). The risk of hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower compared to the control group (RR 0.05, 95%CI, 0.02–0.14, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsThe withdrawal of OACs 3 months after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation for patients with AF may be safe and feasible. It needs to be tested by randomized controlled trial.
Maternal control of seed weight in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): the causal link between the size of pod (mother, source) and seed (offspring, sink)
Authors: Li Na , Song Dongji , Peng Wei , Zhan Jiepeng , Shi Jiaqin , Wang Xinfa , Liu Guihua , Wang Hanzhong 
Published: September 2018

SummarySeed size/weight is one of the key traits related to plant domestication and crop improvement. In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germplasm, seed weight shows extensive variation, but its regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. To identify the key mechanism of seed weight regulation, a systematic comparative study was performed. Genetic, morphological and cytological evidence showed that seed weight was controlled by maternal genotype, through the regulation of seed size mainly via cell number. The physiological evidence indicated that differences in the pod length might result in differences in pod wall photosynthetic area, carbohydrates and the final seed weight. We also identified two pleiotropic major quantitative trait loci that acted indirectly on seed weight via their effects on pod length. RNA‐seq results showed that genes related to pod development and hormones were significantly differentially expressed in the pod wall; genes related to development, cell division, nutrient reservoir and ribosomal proteins were all up‐regulated in the seeds of the large‐seed pool. Finally, we proposed a potential seed weight regulatory mechanism that is specific to rapeseed and novel in plants. The results demonstrate a causal link between the size of the pod (mother, source) and the seed (offspring, sink) in rapeseed, which provides novel insight into the maternal control of seed weight and will open a new research field in plants.
Financial Innovation and Money Demand: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Dunne John Paul , Kasekende Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile the effect of financial innovation on money demand has been widely researched in industrialised countries, because of its major role in monetary policy, few studies have focused on developing countries. This is surprising given the considerable growth in financial innovation in Sub‐Saharan Africa in recent years and its potential implications for developing country macroeconomic policy. This paper investigates the development of financial innovation and its impact on money demand in the region using panel data estimation techniques for 34 countries between 1980 and 2013. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between financial innovation and money demand. This implies that financial innovation plays a crucial role in explaining money demand in Sub‐Saharan Africa and given innovations such as mobile money in the region this can have important implications for future policy design.
Joining the Great Majority: An Analysis of Senate Deaths, 1919–2015*
Authors: Brant Hanna K. , Masthay Theodore J. , Overby L. Marvin 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveIn this article, we explore the deaths in office of U.S. senators between 1919 and 2015, examining both historical trends at the aggregate level and at the individual level searching for partisan and other patterns in mortality rates.MethodsWe employ Cox proportional hazard models to examine the effects of factors such as age, tenure in office, electoral factors, and legislative engagement, as well as partisanship and ideology.ResultsNotably, we find no significant partisan or ideological effects. When we examine the parties separately, we find that other institutional factors (tenure in office, vote share, bill sponsorship) matter for Democrats, while expectation of who would replace them in office matters for Republicans.ConclusionOur findings contribute to previous work on legislative turnover in Congress by taking the first step to analyze deaths among U.S. senators from almost the entire history of the elected Senate.
Prevalence and zoonotic risk of tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) in exotic companion mammals in southern Italy
Authors: d'Ovidio Dario , Noviello Emilio , Santoro Domenico 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundExotic companion mammals are popular pets worldwide. They are a potential source of zoonotic infections transmissible to their owners.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and zoonotic risks of tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) in exotic companion mammals in Italy.AnimalsThe records of 782 exotic pet mammals seen in multiple veterinary clinics (n = 20), pet shops (n = 10) and private breeders (n = 2) around Naples (Italy) were searched.Methods and resultsThe isolation of O. bacoti was the only inclusion criterion. Relative (in the subgroups) and absolute prevalence (in the entire population sampled) of clinical signs in pets and owners were calculated. The prevalence of clinical signs in pets and their owners was also calculated based on their housing (pet shops versus private housing) using Fisher's exact test. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Seventy seven records (9.8%) of animals infested were identified. Of those, 33.8% (26 of 77) were hamsters, 25.9% (20 of 77) gerbils, 11.7% (nine of 77) guinea pigs, 7.8% (six of 77) rabbits, 7.8% (six of 77) degus, 5.2% (four of 77) kangaroo mice, 2.6% (two of 77) hedgehogs, 2.6% (two of 77) squirrels and 2.6% (two of 77) were sugar gliders. The frequency of owners affected by the rat mite dermatitis was very high in gerbils (20 of 20), hamsters (21 of 26) and guinea pigs (seven of nine).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results of the present survey indicate that exotic pet mammals may serve as an active reservoir for O. bacoti infestation. The results of this study also suggest a lack of species specificity for O. bacoti when favourable conditions are present (overcrowding).