bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual-Dependent Attention Effect on Crowded Orientation Signals in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Chen Nihong , Bao Pinglei , Tjan Bosco S. 
Published: August 2018

A target becomes hard to identify with nearby visual stimuli. This phenomenon, known as crowding, places a fundamental limit on conscious perception and object recognition. To understand the neural representation of crowded stimuli, we used fMRI and a forward encoding model to reconstruct the target-specific feature from multivoxel activation patterns evoked by orientation patches. Orientation-selective response profiles were constructed in V1–V4 for a target embedded in different contexts. Subjects of both sexes either directed their attention over all the orientation patches or selectively to the target. In the context with a weak crowding effect, attending to the target enhanced the orientation selectivity of the response profile; such effect increased along the visual pathway. In the context with a strong crowding effect, attending to the target enhanced the orientation selectivity of the response profile in the earlier visual area, but not in V4. The increase and decrease of orientation selectivity along the visual hierarchy demonstrate a contextual-dependent attention effect on crowded orientation signals: in the context with a weak crowding effect, selective attention gradually resolves the target from nearby distractors along the hierarchy; in the context with a strong crowding effect, while selective attention maintains the target feature in the earlier visual area, its effect decreases in the downstream area. Our findings reveal how the human visual system represents the target-specific feature at multiple stages under the limit of attention selection in a cluttered scene.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing fMRI and a forward encoding model, we reconstructed orientation-selective response profiles for a target embedded in crowded contexts. In the context with a weak crowding effect, attention gradually resolves the target from nearby distractors along the visual hierarchy. In the context with a strong crowding effect, while the feature of the target is preserved in the early visual cortex, it degrades in the later visual processing stage. The increase and decrease of orientation selectivity along the visual hierarchy reveal how the human visual system strikes to present the target-specific feature under the limit of attention selection in a cluttered scene.
Effects of perioperative tight glycemic control on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Zhou-Qing , Huo Jia-Ling , Zhai Xiao-Jie 
Published: August 2018

Background
The optimal glycemic target during the perioperative period is still controversial. We aimed to explore the effects of tight glycemic control (TGC) on surgical mortality and morbidity.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from January 1, 1946 to February 28, 2018. Appropriate trails comparing the postoperative outcomes (mortality, hypoglycemic events, acute kidney injury, etc.) between different levels of TGC and liberal glycemic control were identified. Quality assessments were performed with the Jadad scale combined with the allocation concealment evaluation. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was detected by the I2 test.

Results
Twenty-six trials involving a total of 9315 patients were included in the final analysis. The overall mortality did not differ between tight and liberal glycemic control (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.78–1.07; I
2 = 20.1%). Among subgroup analyses, obvious decreased risks of mortality were found in the short-term mortality, non-diabetic conditions, cardiac surgery conditions and compared to the very liberal glycemic target. Furthermore, TGC was associated with decreased risks for acute kidney injury, sepsis, surgical site infection, atrial fibrillation and increased risks of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia.

Conclusions
Compared to liberal control, perioperative TGC (the upper level of glucose goal ≤150 mg/dL) was associated with significant reduction of short-term mortality, cardic surgery mortality, non-diabetic patients mortality and some postoperative complications. In spite of increased risks of hypoglycemic events, perioperative TGC will benefits patients when it is done carefully.
A Healthy Life for a Child With Medical Complexity: 10 Domains for Conceptualizing Health
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth S. , Coller Ryan J. , Nelson Bergen B. , Thompson Lindsey R. , Klitzner Thomas S. , Szilagyi Moira , Breck Abigail M. , Chung Paul J. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Defining and measuring health for children with medical complexity (CMC) is poorly understood. We engaged a diverse national sample of stakeholder experts to generate and then synthesize a comprehensive list of health outcomes for CMC.

METHODS:
With national snowball sampling of CMC caregiver, advocate, provider, researcher, and policy or health systems experts, we identified 182 invitees for group concept mapping (GCM), a rigorous mixed-methods approach. Respondents (n = 125) first completed Internet-based idea generation by providing unlimited short, free-text responses to the focus prompt, “A healthy life for a child or youth with medical complexity includes: ___.” The resulting 707 statements were reduced to 77 unique ideas. Participants sorted the ideas into clusters based on conceptual similarity and rated items on perceived importance and measurement feasibility. Responses were analyzed and mapped via GCM software.

RESULTS:
The cluster map best fitting the data had 10 outcome domains: (1) basic needs, (2) inclusive education, (3) child social integration, (4) current child health-related quality of life, (5) long-term child and family self-sufficiency, (6) family social integration, (7) community system supports, (8) health care system supports, (9) a high-quality patient-centered medical home, and (10) family-centered care. Seventeen outcomes representing 8 of the 10 domains were rated as both important and feasible to measure (“go zone”).

CONCLUSIONS:
GCM identified a rich set of CMC outcome domains. Go-zone items provide an opportunity to test and implement measures that align with a broad view of health for CMC and potentially all children.
Restauração Classe II com resina composta: avaliação da técnica de Pollack.
Authors: Signor Laryssa , Dullius Angela Isabel , Biacchi Gislaine Rosa 
Published: August 2018

Apesar do notável aumento de restaurações posteriores com resinas compostas nos últimos anos, ainda existem dificuldades quanto à técnica restauradora em se tratando de cavidades com envolvimento da face proximal. Considera-se que a intensidade de luz que atinge os incrementos da resina na face cervical do preparo é menor do que a intensidade próxima à superfície, podendo comprometer as propriedades mecânicas e o sucesso da restauração. Objetivo: Investigar a resistência compressiva dos incrementos de resina composta de uso direto na profundidade da caixa proximal de restaurações classe II em diferentes extensões ocluso-cervicais utilizando- se a técnica incremental proposta por Pollack (1988). Métodos: Foram obtidos 40 espécimes (blocos) de resina composta, com 2 mm de dimensão ocluso-cervical, confeccionados a partir de restaurações classe II em três molares inferiores de manequim (Prodens) com dimensões de 4 mm vestíbulo-lingual, 2 mm mésio-distal e profundidades ocluso-cervical de 2 mm (G1 e G2), 4 mm (G3) e 6 mm (G4), formando 4 grupos (n=10). Para G1 (grupo controle) foi utilizada a resina autoativada (Alpha Plast) e demais grupos resina fotoativada (Z100, 3M ESPE), todos com espessura de 2mm. Após, os espécimes foram armazenados em soro fisiológico durante 30 dias e, posteriormente,submetidos ao teste de resistência à compressão em máquina universal de ensaios EMIC DL-2000, composta por um dispositivo metálico de base plana de 15mm, com célula de carga de 490N e velocidade de 0,5mm/min, aplicada sobre a face oclusal dos espécimes até a fratura.Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA. Resultados: A média dos valores de resistência à fratura (MPa), foram: 52,86; 48,55; 44,89; 42,67 para G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivamente. Conclusão: Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na resistência à compressão entre incrementos de resina composta inseridas na base da face proximal de preparos do tipo classe II em diferentes profundidades utilizando-se o protocolo adotado.
Solução estética após falha de planejamento protético – Relato de Caso.
Authors: Moraes Poliana Rodrigues 
Published: August 2018

A manutenção de uma auto imagem positiva tem relação direta a dentição do indivíduo. A utilização de próteses sejam elas parciais ou totais, tem papel fundamental tanto na saúde oral, quanto na saúde sistêmica do paciente. O restabelecimento da função oclusal, a preservação de estruturas orais remanescentes dependem diretamente de um planejamento protético rigoroso. A satisfação do paciente é fator determinante do sucesso ou insucesso de uma reabilitação protética, bem como o restabelecimento do bem-estar físico, mental e social. Paciente sexo feminino, 32 anos, relata insatisfação estética 120 dias após reabilitação estética com prótese parcial removível. A oroscopia observou-se, inclinação para distal dos elementos 12 e 21 bem como excesso de material restaurador. Observou-se ainda lesão séssil de cor avermelhada em gengiva inserida na região do elemento 11 (ausente), bordas delimitadas, apresentando dor provocada ao toque, sem sangramento e de surgimento a aproximadamente 12 meses, sendo anterior a instalação da PPR. Realizado biópsia excisional, com histopatologia compatível ao granuloma. Tratamento endodôntico do elemento 21. Remoção de carie dos elementos acometidos, inclusive pilar protético. Faceta direta em Resina Fotopolimerizável nos elementos 12 e 21. Recuperação da estética dentaria e saúde dos tecidos de suporte. O objetivo do presente está em destacar aspectos relacionados à falhas de PPR se não corretamente diagnosticadas, avaliadas e prevenidas.
Single-Agent Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Any RAS or BRAF Mutation Previously Treated with FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab (PREVIUM Trial)
Authors: García-Alfonso Pilar , Benavides Manuel , Falcó Esther , Muñoz Andrés , Gómez Auxiliadora , Sastre Javier , Rivera Fernando , Montagut Clara , Salgado Mercedes , López-Ladrón Amelia , López Rafael , Ruiz de Mena Inmaculada , Durán Gema , Aranda Enrique ,   on behalf of the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors (TTD)
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Lessons Learned
RAS- or BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) progressing after first-line treatment have a poor prognosis. European and U.S. guidelines include the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib as a standard option for second-line therapy and beyond, based on the results of the randomized phase III CORRECT trial demonstrating improvement in survival. Although stopped prematurely for failing to accrue, the PREVIUM trial, the first prospective interventional study exploring regorafenib as second-line treatment for patients with mCRC bearing RAS or BRAF mutations, failed to demonstrate clinical activity in the population analyzed.

Background
Patients with RAS- or BRAF-mutated (mut) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) progressing on first-line bevacizumab plus 5-FU/irinotecan/oxaliplatin (FOLFOXIRI) have a poor prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in this population.

Methods
Regorafenib was administered daily for 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle until disease progression or other reason. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF was mutated in mCRC samples in 60%, 20%, and 13% of patients, respectively. Median time from initial diagnosis of metastases to the start of regorafenib and treatment duration was 13.8 months and 7 weeks, respectively. Reasons for discontinuation included disease progression (80%), investigator decision (13%), and adverse events (AEs; 7%). Seven patients (47%) required dose reduction, mostly for asthenia (43%). The most common regorafenib-related grade 3 AEs were asthenia (33%), dysphonia (13%), and hypertension (13%) (Table 1). There were no grade 4 toxicities. No patient was progression-free at 6 months. Median PFS, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) were 2.2, 2.0, and 3.3 months, respectively.

Conclusion
Although stopped prematurely for failing to accrue, in the population analyzed, regorafenib failed to demonstrate clinical activity in KRAS- or BRAF-mutated mCRC with progression following first-line with FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab, although tolerability was acceptable. Our trial suggests that exploring regorafenib efficacy in an earlier line of therapy should not be undertaken without better population refinement.
Racial Disparities in Nephrology Consultation and Disease Progression among Veterans with CKD: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Suarez Jonathan , Cohen Jordana B. , Potluri Vishnu , Yang Wei , Kaplan David E. , Serper Marina , Shah Siddharth P. , Reese Peter Philip 
Published: August 2018

Background
Incident rates of ESRD are much higher among black and Hispanic patients than white patients. Access to nephrology care before progression to ESRD is associated with better clinical outcomes among patients with CKD. However, it is unknown whether black or Hispanic patients with CKD experience lower pre-ESRD nephrology consultation rates compared with their white counterparts, or whether such a disparity contributes to worse outcomes among minorities.

Methods
We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients with CKD who received care through the Veterans Health Administration from 2003 to 2015, focusing on individuals with incident CKD stage 4 who had an initial eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 followed by two consecutive eGFRs<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. We repeated analyses among individuals with incident CKD stage 3. Outcomes included nephrology provider referral, nephrology provider visit, progression to CKD stage 5, and mortality.

Results
We identified 56,767 veterans with CKD stage 4 and 640,704 with CKD stage 3. In both cohorts, rates of nephrology referral and visits were significantly higher among black and Hispanic veterans than among non-Hispanic white veterans. Despite this, both black and Hispanic patients experienced faster progression to CKD stage 5 compared with white patients. Black patients with CKD stage 4 experienced slightly lower mortality than white patients, whereas black patients with CKD stage 3 had a small increased risk of death.

Conclusions
Black or Hispanic veterans with CKD are more likely than white patients to see a nephrologist, yet are also more likely to suffer disease progression. Biologic and environmental factors may play a bigger role than nephrology consultation in driving racial disparities in CKD progression.
Domatesin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal kalite özelliklerinin melezleme ile değişimi
Authors: GÖLÜKÇÜ Muharrem , KABAŞ Aylin , BAYIR YEĞİN Arzu , VURAN Fatih Alpay , YÜKSEL Kadriye , TANIR Ayşe 
Published: August 2018

Islah çalışmaları ile domates ve ürünlerinin
fonksiyonel özellikleri geliştirilebilmektedir. Domatesin fiziksel ve kimyasal
özellikleri, çeşit özelliği başta olmak üzere birçok faktörden önemli oranda
etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında melezleme sonucu geliştirilen üç domates
çeşidi ile bu çeşitlerin elde edilmesinde kullanılan altı ana ve baba bireyin
önemli kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte
çalışmada 10 adet ticari domates çeşit ve yerel genotiplerinin kalite
özellikleri de araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bu amaçla toplam 19 farklı materyal
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ana ve baba bireyler,
bunlardan elde edilen domates çeşitleri ve denemede kullanılan ticari
çeşitlerin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu
görülmüştür. Örneklerin önemli kalite özelliklerinden suda çözünür kuru madde,
glukoz ve fruktoz oranları, likopen içeriği ile kırmızılık göstergesi olan a*
renk değeri sırasıyla %3.65-7.20, %0.61-1.81, %0.88-2.37, 37.45-85.82 mg kg-1,
14.52-32.28 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda melezleme
çalışmaları ile domatesin şeker bileşimi, likopen içeriği ve renk gibi kalite
özelliklerinde varyasyon oluşturulabileceği görülmüştür. Islah çalışmaları
mevcut ürün çeşitliliğinin arttırılması noktasında da oldukça önemlidir.
Stakeholder approach in benchmark of corporate risk management
Authors: Makarova V. M. 
Published: August 2018

Decision-making regarding cooperation with a particular company requires a sufficiently in-depth analysis of the attractiveness and prospects of such cooperation. Standard methods of analysis, such as analysis of economic activity, investment attractiveness and efficiency of investment projects, undoubtedly remain the main ones in the organization of interaction, but due to the fact that most companies deviate from the normative values of activity and still remain attractive enough for cooperation, the analysis of the efficiency of intrafirms corporate processes is becoming increasingly popular. The huge variety of risk management methods, along with the inability to obtain reliable information about the methods used within the firm, force stakeholders to pay attention to indirect signals of effectiveness evaluation. In the course of the research, it was suggested that stakeholders have their own judgment about the effectiveness of intracorporate management processes that are different from common valuation techniques and conducted their own research. Based on the survey data conducted with representatives of the top management of various sectors of the economy, a list of relevant criteria for the effectiveness of intra-corporate risk management was obtained. The use of statistical methods of analysis and methods of scientific knowledge allowed to develop a mathematical methodology for evaluating these criteria, and empirical data of 88 Russian companies in the non-financial sector were used as a basis for calculating control points for application in practice. The theoretical significance is the identification of points of control of the effectiveness of risk management from the perspective of stakeholders; practical relevance reflects the toolkit for comparing the company with the best practices.
The activities of the Committee for the implementation of import substitution programs under the Expert Council on tourism development under the Ministry of culture of the Russian Federation, as one of the directions of strategic development of tourism in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuzmenko A. A. 
Published: August 2018

Currently, tourism is characterized as relevant and popular phenomenon. Around the world, people travel year-round, and every year according to the WTO the number of tourists increases. It is a recognized fact that integrated tourism development in a particular area leads to its socio-economic development. Currently, Russia has considerable natural-recreational potential, is on the way of development of internal tourism, through specific measures.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CUSTOMS COOPERATION IN THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE STATE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN- FINNISH COOPERATION)
Authors: Veselova M. P. , Shaidullova M. V. 
Published: August 2018

The article defines the term "international cooperation", presents the objectives of the customs cooperation between Russia and Finland and its results, examines the problematic aspects at various levels, depending on the scale of the distribution, their causes and solutions.
PROVISION OF EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH - A NECESSARY ELEMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Zemlianukhina N. S. 
Published: August 2018

The paper studies some opportunities of corporate social responsibility implementation that may improve Russian population’s health. The study shows such employees’ health support problems as ecological, organizational and social problems as well as economic, financial and informational issues. The analysis of the companies’ CSR including employees’ health increase measures has been given in the article. The paper also provides a way of employees’ health support measure extension by modern and traditional therapeutic techniques. The article explains the necessity to add CSR units that will provide employees not only with treatment but ill-health prevention, healthy lifestyle promotion and independent researches on the therapeutic measure influence on health condition, production and working efficiency rates. These studies are offered to be carried out by labor economics specialists.
THE PROBLEM OF CONSTRUCTING A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Gladysheva I. V. 
Published: August 2018

To discuss the scientific community presents the author's approach to the construction of a model of sustainable development of industrial enterprise. The author studied and marked urgent problems in the industry, identified resource constraints and the expediency of building a model of sustainable enterprise development based on innovation. Substantiated structure of theories and methods, which should make the methodology of the proposed model and given them a description. A conclusion about the effectiveness of implementation of the model ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprise a conclusion about the effectiveness of implementation of the model ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprise is formulated.
USE OF INSTRUMENTS OF COMPETITIVE INVESTIGATION FOR INCREASE OF PRODUCTIVITY OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE COMPANY
Authors: Danilin N. N. , Aleeva G. I. 
Published: August 2018

In article possibilities of use of instruments of competitive investigation for stimulation of innovative activity of the companies are considered. The purpose of this article - to embroider existing researches of tools and methods of stimulation of innovative activity and to analyse possibilities of application of methods of competitive investigation for stimulation of innovative activity. In article it is shown that competitive investigation consists of a three-stage cycle: risk identification, monitoring of risk factors and management action. For the analysis the case – a method is used. As cases for research the global, international companies having formal structure of competitive investigation are chosen, allocating weak and strengths on a prospecting cycle. Summarizing the got experience, it is possible to allocate a row useful the practician and recommendations:• The stage identification of risks based on scenario planning with allocation of jet and active drivers of change of environment, is the effective tool for the environment analysis. DASA example;• The monitoring of environment based on application of shadow groups which have some freedom in division of drivers of environment into making components, but closely contact to scenario team, and also inclusion of functions of monitoring in daily activity of linear employees – the tools increasing quality of system of the Territory. AstraZeneca and Citibank examples;• Giving to structure of competitive investigation of the high status and involvement in work of the central committee of the high-ranking employees increases attention of the organization on risks, and also stimulates management to adoption of necessary decisions. Citibank example;• The organization of continuity and smoother replacement of key shots in group of investigation, and also the deep analysis of competences of candidates taking into account the basic demanded skills increases efficiency of structure of competitive investigation. Shell example.