bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Pregnancy-Related Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in the Long Term
Authors: Garre Indrani , Nemani Lalita , Nallagasu Raju 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Aim To observe the association of pregnancy-related factors on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Introduction CVD is one of the leading causes of death in women. It really emphasizes the need for early recognition of cardiovascular risk in women. Heart disease in women poses a major challenge in that the first events are more likely to be fatal. Pregnancy itself predicts cardiovascular disease in later life and is a screening test for CVD.
Methods Total 136 female patients from the outpatient clinic, as well as patients of our hospital, were included in our retrospective single-center study. Along with demographic data and details of risk factors, the reproductive history of all patients such as age at first pregnancy, number of children, any hormonal therapy, and mode and place of delivery were noted. Pregnancy-related data, such as the history of hypertension, diabetes, abortion, pregnancy loss; preterm delivery; and the weight of the newborn were taken into consideration. We excluded unmarried and nulliparous women.
Results The study population comprised 136 female patients. There were 69 (50.74%) in group 1 (coronary artery disease [CAD] group) and 67 (49.36%) in group 2 (non-CAD group). Mean age of patients at enrollment was 53.2 ± 12.52 years. Twenty-seven (19.8%) patients fell under lost pregnancy or child category, and abortions and preterm delivery were faced in 26 (19.1%). Seventy-one (52.2%) patients attained menopause whereas hysterectomy was done in 35 (25.7%). The average age of hysterectomy was 38.37 ± 8.50 years, and that for menopause was 46.78 ± 5.04 years. During pregnancy, the history of hypertension was given only in 4 (3%), diabetes was in given none, and history of a low birth weight of the newborn was given in 3 (2.2%) women. The univariate analysis was done to see the statistical significance of mainly pregnancy factors on long-term cardiac outcomes along with risk factors. Generally, hypertension (p = 0.01) and diabetes (p = 0.01) had significance with cardiac outcomes. In spite of these, the history of a lost pregnancy/child and pregnancy complications both have shown near significance, that is, p = 0.06.
Conclusion Our study suggests an impact of pregnancy loss irrespective of the etiology on the future cardiac outcomes as along with predominant impact factors of hypertension and diabetes.
The Effect of Nicoumalone on Embryogenesis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nelavayi Chaitanya , Achukatla Kumar , Badhvel Bhanu , Gurram Sree , Velam Vanajakshamma , Pujari Latha 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objective To study the effect of nicoumalone on embryogenesis in women who have undergone mechanical heart valve replacement surgery.
Design It is a retrospective study done at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati.
Results Total 28 pregnancies were reported in 12 women with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Of these, 19 were live births, 9 abortions, and no stillbirths and miscarriages were noted in pregnant women. There were 11 hemorrhagic, 3 neurologic, 2 thromboembolic, and 1 stuck valve complications observed in mothers; and 2 low birth weights, 2 pneumonia, and 1 jaundice observed in the child.
Conclusion There were no abnormalities observed in children whose mothers were taking nicoumalone throughout pregnancy based on echo results and clinical examination.
Data-driven quantitative modeling of bacterial active nematics
Authors: Li He , Shi Xia-qing , Huang Mingji , Chen Xiao , Xiao Minfeng , Liu Chenli , Chaté Hugues , Zhang H. P. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Active nematics are nonequilibrium fluids consisting of elongated units driven at the individual scale. They spontaneously exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics and have attracted the attention of scientists from many disciplines. Here, we introduce an experimental system (made of filamentous bacteria) and a type of microscopic model for active nematics. Simultaneous measurements of orientation and velocity fields yield comprehensive experimental data that can be used to identify optimal values for all important parameters in the model. At these optimal parameters, the model quantitatively reproduces all experimentally measured features. This, in turn, reveals key processes governing active nematics. Our versatile approach successfully combines quantitative experiments and data-driven modeling; it can be used to study other dense active systems.
Non-invasive evaluation of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease using photoplethysmography
Authors: Saritas Turgay , Greber Ruth , Venema Boudewijn , Puelles Victor G , Ernst Sabine , Blazek Vladimir , Floege Jürgen , Leonhardt Steffen , Schlieper Georg 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction. Therefore, there is a need to identify CKD patients at high risk of CAD. Coronary angiography, the gold standard for detecting CAD, carries a risk of serious adverse events.

Methods
Here, we assessed the validity of a novel non-invasive reflectance mode photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor for the evaluation of CAD in patients with advanced CKD. PPG signals were generated using green and infrared wavelengths and recorded from fingers of 98 patients. The detected signal has the shape of the pulse wave contour carrying information about the vascular system, that is, arterial stiffness. We studied four patient groups: (i) controls—patients without CKD or CAD; (ii) CKD alone; (iii) CAD alone (confirmed by coronary angiography); and (iv) CKD and CAD combined.

Results
With advancing age, we observed a steeper ascending signal during systole and greater signal decline during diastole (infrared wavelength: Slopes 4–6, P = 0.002, P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively; green wavelength: Slopes 2–3, P = 0.006 and P = 0.005, respectively). Presence of CAD was associated with a slower signal decline during diastole in CKD patients compared with those without CAD (infrared wavelength: Slope 1, P = 0.012). CKD was associated with lower blood volume amplitude during each cardiac cycle compared with those without CKD (R-value, P = 0.022).

Conclusions
PPG signal analyses showed significant differences between our groups, and it may be a potentially useful tool for the detection of CAD in CKD patients.
Evaluating and sharing global genetic ancestry in biomedical datasets
Authors: Harismendy Olivier , Kim Jihoon , Xu Xiaojun , Ohno-Machado Lucila 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Genetic ancestry is a critical co-factor to study phenotype-genotype associations using cohorts of human subjects. Most publicly available molecular datasets are, however, missing this information or only share self-reported race and ethnicity, representing a limitation to identify and repurpose datasets to investigate the contribution of ancestry to diseases and traits. We propose an analytical framework to enrich the metadata from publicly available cohorts with genetic ancestry information and a resulting diversity score at continental resolution, calculated directly from the data. We illustrate this framework using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets searched through the DataMed Data Discovery Index. Data repositories and contributors can use this framework to provide genetic diversity measurements for controlled access datasets, minimizing the work involved in requesting a dataset that may ultimately prove inadequate for a researcher’s purpose. With the increasing global scale of human genetics research, studies on disease risk and susceptibility would benefit greatly from the adequate estimation and sharing of genetic diversity in publicly available datasets following a framework such as the one presented.
The past and future of USTC: an interview with USTC President Xinhe Bao
Authors: Zhao Weijie , Yi Xiaosu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China.
HIV Drug May Increase Risk of Neural Tube Birth Defects
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: December 2018

The Food and Drug Administration is investigating early reports from an ongoing clinical trial in Botswana that the HIV drug dolutegravir may increase the risk of neural tube birth defects if used from the time of conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.A pregnancy test is now recommended for women of childbearing age prior to starting HIV treatment with dolutegravir.
First Drug Approved for Metastatic or Locally Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: December 2018

Cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo) is the first drug approved to treat metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients who are not candidates for curative surgery or curative radiation.Immune-mediated adverse effects can be serious and can affect any organ or tissue. Infusion reactions are also possible. Embryo–fetal toxicity can occur if given during pregnancy.
Electromagnetic Interference with Protocolized Electrosurgery Dispersive Electrode Positioning in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: Schulman Peter M. , Treggiari Miriam M. , Yanez N. David , Henrikson Charles A. , Jessel Peter M. , Dewland Thomas A. , Merkel Matthias J. , Sera Valerie , Harukuni Izumi , Anderson Ryan B. , Kahl Ed , Bingham Ann , Alkayed Nabil , Stecker Eric C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of intraoperative electromagnetic interference from monopolar electrosurgery in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator undergoing surgery. A protocolized approach was used to position the dispersive electrode.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study including 144 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators undergoing surgery between May 2012 and September 2016 at an academic medical center. The primary objectives were to determine the occurrences of electromagnetic interference and clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference (interference that would have resulted in delivery of inappropriate antitachycardia therapy had the antitachycardia therapy not been programmed off) in noncardiac surgeries above the umbilicus, noncardiac surgeries at or below the umbilicus, and cardiac surgeries with the use of an underbody dispersive electrode.

Results
The risks of electromagnetic interference and clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference were 14 of 70 (20%) and 5 of 70 (7%) in above-the-umbilicus surgery, 1 of 40 (2.5%) and 0 of 40 (0%) in below-the-umbilicus surgery, and 23 of 34 (68%) and 10 of 34 (29%) in cardiac surgery. Had conservative programming strategies intended to reduce the risk of inappropriate antitachycardia therapy been employed, the occurrence of clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference would have been 2 of 70 (2.9%) in above-the-umbilicus surgery and 3 of 34 (8.8%) in cardiac surgery.

Conclusions
Despite protocolized dispersive electrode positioning, the risks of electromagnetic interference and clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference with surgery above the umbilicus were high, supporting published recommendations to suspend antitachycardia therapy whenever monopolar electrosurgery is used above the umbilicus. For surgery below the umbilicus, these risks were negligible, implying that suspending antitachycardia therapy is likely unnecessary in these patients. For cardiac surgery, the risks of electromagnetic interference and clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference with an underbody dispersive electrode were high. Conservative programming strategies would not have eliminated the risk of clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference in either noncardiac surgery above the umbilicus or cardiac surgery.
Surgical Treatment of Lenke Type 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
A systematic review.

Objective.
To systemically review the previous literature regarding surgical treatment of Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
The Lenke classification was published in 2001 as the classification of AIS. Since then, numerous articles have been published reporting the outcomes of surgical treatment of Lenke type 5 AIS.

Methods.
The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were queried up to Aug 2018 for articles regarding surgical treatment of Lenke type 5 AIS. Surgical variables, radiographic assessments, and clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of Lenke type 5 AIS were summarized.

Results.
Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. The average fused levels, % correction of thoracolumbar/lumbar curve at final follow-up, and % correction of thoracic curve at final follow-up for anterior and posterior procedures were reported to be 3.6–5.3 and 4.3–7.8 levels, 53–86 and 55–94% and 17–52 and 19–67%, respectively. Average coronal balance was imbalanced (≥20 mm) at preoperation in 22/43 reporting study groups and balanced (<20 mm) at final follow-up in all 37 reporting study groups. Scoliosis Research Society Version 22 scores showed no difference between anterior and posterior procedures in most of the reporting studies (5/6).

Conclusion.
Overall, the outcomes of surgical treatment of Lenke type 5 AIS are excellent. The thoracic curve was spontaneously corrected after surgery and coronal balance after surgery was better than before surgery. Both anterior and posterior procedures demonstrated satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
Enhanced Perioperative Care for Major Spine Surgery
Authors: Dagal Armagan , Bellabarba Carlo , Bransford Richard , Zhang Fangyi , Chesnut Randall M. , O’Keefe Grant E. , Wright David R. , Dellit Timothy H. , Painter Ian , Souter Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
The enhanced perioperative care (EPOC) program is an institutional quality improvement initiative. We used a historically controlled study design to evaluate patients who underwent major spine surgery before and after the implementation of the EPOC program.

Objective.
To determine whether multidisciplinary EPOC program was associated with an improvement in clinical and financial outcomes for elective adult major spine surgery patients.

Summary of Background Data.
The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs successfully implemented in hip and knee replacement surgeries, and improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Methods.
We compared 183 subjects in traditional care (TRDC) group to 267 intervention period (EPOC) in a single academic quaternary spine surgery referral center. One hundred eight subjects in no pathway (NOPW) care group was also examined to exclude if the observed changes between the EPOC and TRDC groups might be due to concurrent changes in practice or population over the same time period. Our primary outcome variables were hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay and the secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, 30-day hospital readmission and cost.

Results.
In this highly complex patient population, we observed a reduction in mean hospital length of stay (HLOS) between TRDC versus EPOC groups (8.2 vs. 6.1 d, standard deviation [SD] = 6.3 vs. 3.6, P < 0.001) and intensive care unit length of stay (ILOS) (3.1 vs. 1.9 d, SD = 4.7 vs. 1.4, P = 0.01). The number (rate) of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admissions was higher for the TRDC n = 109 (60%) than the EPOC n = 129 (48%) (P = 0.02). There was no difference in postoperative complications and 30-day hospital readmissions. The EPOC spine program was associated with significant average cost reduction—$62,429 to $53,355 (P < 0.00).

Conclusion.
The EPOC program has made a clinically relevant contribution to institutional efforts to improve patient outcomes and value. We observed a reduction in HLOS, ILOS, costs, and variability.

Level of Evidence: 3
Preoperative Risk Stratification in Spine Tumor Surgery
Authors: Lakomkin Nikita , Zuckerman Scott L. , Stannard Blaine , Montejo Julio , Sussman Eric S. , Virojanapa Justin , Kuzmik Gregory , Goz Vadim , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Cheng Joseph S. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
A retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
The purpose of this study is to compare and validate several preoperative scores for predicting outcomes following spine tumor resection.

Summary of Background Data.
Preoperative risk assessment for patients undergoing spinal tumor resection remains challenging. At present, few risk assessment tools have been validated in this high-risk population.

Methods.
The 2008 to 2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement database was used to identify all patients undergoing surgical resection of spinal tumors, stratified as extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedullary based on CPT codes. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and modified Frailty Index (mFI) were computed. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between these variables and postoperative outcomes, including mortality, major and minor adverse events, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Other significant variables such as demographics, operative time, and tumor location were controlled for in each model.

Results.
Two thousand one hundred seventy patients met the inclusion criteria. Higher CCI scores were independent predictors of mortality (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.36, P < 0.001), major adverse events (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31, P = 0.018), minor adverse events (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10–1.20, P < 0.001), and prolonged LOS (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09–1.19, P < 0.001). Patients’ mFI scores were significantly associated with mortality and LOS, but not major or minor adverse events. ASA scores were not associated with any outcome metric when controlling for other variables.

Conclusion.
The CCI demonstrated superior predictive capacity compared with mFI and ASA scores and may be valuable as a preoperative risk assessment tool for patients undergoing surgical resection of spinal tumors. The validation of assessment scores is important for preoperative risk stratification and improving outcomes in this high-risk group.

Level of Evidence: 3
Mineralized Collagen Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement for Osteoporotic Compression Vertebral Fracture at 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Zhu Jinjin , Zhang Kai , Luo Kefeng , Qiu Zhiye , Yang Shuhui , Cui Fuzhai , Weng Xisheng , Jiang Guoqiang 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective comparative study.

Objective.
This study aimed to compare the clinical effects and imaging features of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement with and without mineralized collagen (MC) in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Summary of Background Data.
PKP with PMMA is widely performed for OVCF. However, numerous complications have also been reported about the PMMA bone cement. Moreover, PMMA bone cement with and without MC have not been compared with respect to their postoperative efficacy and long-term follow-up.

Methods.
From July 2016 to July 2017, 105 OVCF patients were randomly divided into two groups based on their PKP treatment: MC-PMMA group and PMMA group. Clinical operation, cement leakage, Oswestry Disability Index, visual analog scale, height of the fractured vertebrae, Cobb angle, refracture of the adjacent vertebra, recompression, and computed tomography values of the injured vertebra were compared between the two groups postoperatively and after 1-year follow-up.

Results.
Clinical operation showed no differences between the two groups. Visual analog scale scores, Oswestry Disability Index scores, and Cobb angles showed statistically significant differences between the two groups after 1-year follow-up. The height of the vertebral body showed significant difference at 3 days postoperatively and preoperatively in each group and significant difference after 1 year between the two groups. The rate of refracture and leakage of the MC-PMMA group was lower than that of the PMMA group. The computed tomography value of the MC-PMMA group was obviously higher than that of the PMMA group after 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion.
MC-modified PMMA did not change the beneficial properties of PMMA. This new bone cement has better biocompatibility, can form a stable structure in the vertebral body, and improve the prognosis of patients by reducing pain and reoperation.

Level of Evidence: 3
A Compilation of Serum Concentrations of 12 Antipsychotic Drugs in a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Setting
Authors: Jönsson Anna K. , Spigset Olav , Reis Margareta 
Published: December 2018

Background:
No comprehensive collection of routine therapeutic drug monitoring data for antipsychotic drugs has been published.

Methods:
In this compilation, data on 12 antipsychotics are presented. The drugs included are amisulpride (n = 506), aripiprazole (n = 1610), clozapine (n = 1189), flupentixol (n = 215), haloperidol (n = 390), olanzapine (n = 10,268), perphenazine (n = 1065), quetiapine (n = 5853), risperidone (n = 3255), sertindole (n = 111), ziprasidone (n = 1235), and zuclopenthixol (n = 691). Because only one sample per patient is included, the number of patients equals the number of samples. For each drug, median serum concentrations as well as that of the 10th and 90th percentiles are given for a range of daily doses. Comparisons are made between males and females, between patients younger than 65 years and 65 years and older, and between those treated with a low and a high dose of each drug. The concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio is the primary variable used in these comparisons. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for the serum concentrations of each drug within and between subjects are presented.

Results:
In general, the C/D ratios were higher in females than in males, higher in those 65 years and older than in younger subjects, and lower in those treated with higher doses than in those treated with lower doses. CVs between individuals were larger than within subjects, and the CVs were highest for the drugs with short elimination half-lives.

Conclusions:
For each antipsychotic drug, the results presented can serve as a reference tool for pharmacokinetic interpretation of the individual patient's serum drug level. The compiled serum concentrations and the C/D ratios can support the physician's decision when individualizing dosing and determining treatment strategies for a specific patient.