bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model that predicted death or disabilities in premature infants was valid at seven years of age
Authors: Piris Borregas Salvador , Torres Valdivieso María José , Martín‐Arriscado Cristina , de la Cruz Bértolo Javier , Sierra García Purificación , Pallás Alonso Carmen Rosa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimValidated a model that used bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), brain injuries measured using ultrasound and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to predict late death or disability in premature infants at seven years of age.MethodsA retrospective study was performed at the 12 de Octubre Hospital neonatal unit in Madrid. A logistic model was applied to estimate the independent prognostic contribution of each morbidity, and the effect that the combination of morbidities had on the seven‐year outcomes. The analysis was performed on the total cohort from 1991 to 2008 and on two subcohorts from 1991 to 1998 and 1999 to 2008.ResultsA total of 1001 children were included with a mean birth weight of 922 ± 208 g. Severe ROP was strongly associated with poor neurodevelopment, with an odds ratio (OR) 3.17 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.56–6.50, and so was BPD (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03–2.2). The combination of two neonatal morbidities increased the risk of a poor outcome (OR 4.44, 95% CI: 1.51–7.86). The model behaved differently in the two subcohorts.ConclusionThe prognostic model predicted a poor outcome at seven years of age when the subjects had at least two of the three morbidities.
Iron‐fortified formula use in young children and association with socioeconomic factors in the French nationwide ELFE cohort
Authors: Sacri Anne‐Sylvia , de Lauzon–Guillain Blandine , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Bois Corinne , Charles Marie‐Aline , Chalumeau Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo study the rate of iron‐fortified infant formula (IFF) use in young children in France and its association with socioeconomic factors.MethodsThe ELFE national birth cohort included, in 2011, 18 329 living births in 349 hospitals randomly selected. The present analyses were restricted to children with follow‐up at age two years. Milk consumption was evaluated by parental telephone interview, and its association with socioeconomic factors was studied.ResultsThe 12 341 analysed children had a mean age of 26 months; 50% were girls. Rate of IFF use before two years old and at two years old was 65% and 43%, respectively. At age two years, use of IFF was lower with young age of the mother (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.5), low educational level (aOR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), high parity (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.4), and mother smoking (aOR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.9) as well as low household income (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0.7), and parents’ unemployment (aOR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9).ConclusionIn this national population‐based study, the rate of implementation of the ID prevention strategy was much lower at two years old than before two years old, and significantly lower in disadvantaged populations.
Review shows that thyroid hormone substitution could benefit transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity but treatment strategies need to be clarified
Authors: Eerdekens An , Langouche Lies , Van den Berghe Greet , Verhaeghe Johan , Naulaers Gunnar , Vanhole Christine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThyroid hormones are crucial for foetal and neonatal brain development. This paper provides an overview of the normal role of thyroid hormones in foetal brain development and the pathophysiology of transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP). It also discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic controversies around THOP and looks at directions for future research.MethodsWe used the PubMed and Embase databases to identify papers published in English from 1969 to June 2018. This identified 20 papers about the impact of THOP on neurodevelopment and seven randomised controlled trials about therapeutic approaches from 1981–2016.ResultsTHOP has been researched for more than three decades. The impact of temporarily low thyroxine levels, without any increase in pituitary‐secreted thyroid‐stimulating hormone at a critical timeframe in an infant's brain development, is still debated. Heterogeneity in THOP definitions, difficulties with thyroid hormone assessment, identifying patients at risk and a clear lack of sufficiently powered studies add to the current controversy. There are indications that thyroid hormone substitution might be useful in extremely low gestational age neonates with THOP.ConclusionSome preterm infants could benefit from THOP treatment, but more studies are needed to clarify further treatment strategies, including the optimal timing of initiation and duration.
Digital stethoscopes in paediatric medicine
Authors: Ramanathan Ashwin , Zhou Lindsay , Marzbanrad Faezeh , Roseby Robert , Tan Kenneth , Kevat Ajay , Malhotra Atul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo explore, synthesise and discuss currently available digital stethoscopes (DS) and the evidence for their use in paediatric medicine.MethodsSystematic review and narrative synthesis of digital stethoscope use in paediatrics following searches of OVID Medline, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases.ResultsSix digital stethoscope makes were identified to have been used in paediatric focused studies so far. A total of 25 studies of DS use in paediatrics were included. We discuss the use of digital stethoscope technology in current paediatric medicine, comment on the technical properties of the available devices, the effectiveness and limitations of this technology, and potential uses in the fields of paediatrics and neonatology, from telemedicine to computer‐aided diagnostics.ConclusionFurther validation and testing of available DS devices is required. Comparison studies between different types of DS would be useful in identifying strengths and flaws of each DS as well as identifying clinical situations for which each may be most appropriately suited.
The effects of presentation time on preference for curvature of real objects and meaningless novel patterns
Authors: Corradi Guido , Rosselló‐Mir Jaume , Vañó Javier , Chuquichambi Erick , Bertamini Marco , Munar Enric 
Published: December 2018

Objects with curved contours are generally preferred to sharp‐angled ones. In this study, we aim to determine whether different presentation times influence this preference. We used images of real objects (experiment 1) and meaningless novel patterns (experiment 2). Participants had to select one of two images from a contour pair, curved and sharp‐angled versions of the same object/pattern. With real objects, the preference for curved versions was greatest when presented for 84 ms, and it faded when participants were given unlimited viewing time. Curved meaningless patterns were preferred when presented for 84 and 150 ms. However, in contrast to real objects, preference for meaningless patterns increased significantly in the unlimited viewing time condition. Participants discriminated poorly between the two versions (curved and sharp‐angled) of the meaningless patterns in the 84‐ and 150‐ms presentations (experiment 3). Therefore, in short times with meaningless patterns, participants selected mostly the curved version without being aware of the difference. In conclusion, presentation time, type of stimulus, and their interaction influence preference for curvature.
Phenotypes of circulating tumour cells predict time to castration resistance in metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Yang Yun‐Jie , Kong Yun‐Yi , Li Gao‐Xiang , Wang Yue , Ye Ding‐Wei , Dai Bo 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo identify biomarkers that predict the response to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of patients newly diagnosed with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) in order to improve therapeutic decision‐making, and to investigate whether the characterization of baseline circulating tumour cells (CTCs) would predict the effective period of standard ADT.Materials and MethodsThe study included 108 patients newly diagnosed with high‐volume metastatic CSPC. Enumeration and characterization of patients’ baseline CTCs (CTCs+ and CTCs−, indicating detectable and undetectable CTCs, respectively) were performed using the CanPatrol technique, which detects markers of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CTCs, and classifies CTCs into epithelial, biophenotypic and mesenchymal phenotypes.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 24 months, 90 patients (83.3%) progressed to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), 93 patients (86.1%) had detectable CTCs, and the median number of CTCs was 4. The rate of progression to CRPC was significantly higher for patients with mesenchymal CTCs+ than for patients with CTCs+/mesenchymal CTCs− and CTCs− (93.1% vs 71.4% and 73.3%; P = 0.013). The median time to CRPC for patients with mesenchymal CTCs+ was significantly shorter than for those with CTCs+/mesenchymal CTCs− and CTCs− (10.5 months vs 18.0 and 14.0 months; P = 0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the CTC phenotype was the only independent prognostic factor influencing the progression of disease from CSPC to CRPC.ConclusionsCharacterization of baseline CTCs according to the EMT phenotype predicted the effective period of standard ADT for patients newly diagnosed with metastatic CSPC. These findings are important for counselling patients and designing clinical trials.
Urothelial cancer: a narrative review of the role of novel immunotherapeutic agents with particular reference to the management of non‐muscle‐invasive disease
Authors: Doyle Emma , Crew Jeremy , Mostafid Hugh , Tuthill Mark , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Gerristen Winald , Protheroe Andrew 
Published: December 2018

AimThis narrative review describes current guidelines for treating NMIBC, provides an overview of the principle behind immune checkpoint inhibition, and summarizes current evidence for checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial malignancy. Further, we discuss potential strategies for immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of NMIBC.BackgroundAdjuvant intravesical BCG immunotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for decades but is associated with both a significant side effect profile and failure rate. Recently, a substantial body of trial data has been published demonstrating the successful use of systemic immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced urothelial malignancy and, in particular, a class of drugs known as ‘immune checkpoint inhibitors’. This has led to the approval of a number of these drugs by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence and the US Food and Drug Administration, and ongoing trials are examining use in the management of NMIBC.MethodsTo identify relevant published data, using the PubMed/ Medline search engine, an online search of the Pubmed/ Medline archives was conducted using the terms bladder cancer' in combination with ‘checkpoint inhibitors’, and limited to articles in English published between 1966 and September 2017.To identify ongoing trials of interest but not yet published, a further search of the clinical trials.gov search engine was conducted using the term ‘non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer’.ConclusionThere has been little advance in available adjuvant therapy for NMIBC treated with TURBT. Current intravesical therapies are associated with a high recurrence rate and significant side effect profile. The impending publication of the wealth of ongoing trials, both into the delivery and efficacy of checkpoint inhibition will direct the future treatment of NMIBC.
Significant antitumor effect of an antibody against TMEM180, a new colorectal cancer‐specific molecule
Authors: Yasunaga Masahiro , Saijou Shinji , Hanaoka Shingo , Anzai Takahiro , Tsumura Ryo , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2018

The present state of therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is far from satisfactory, highlighting the need for new targets for this disease. We identified a new CRC‐specific molecule, TMEM180, a predicted 11‐pass transmembrane protein that apparently functions as a cation symporter. We developed an anti‐TMEM180 mAb and then succeeded in humanizing the mAb. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRC with the mAb showed a similar positivity rate as compared with anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor mAb, and IHC with anti‐TMEM180 mAb did not show staining in major organs used in this study. Immune electron microscopy clearly indicated that TMEM180 was present on the tumor exosome. The TMEM180 promoter region contains 10 hypoxia‐responsive element consensus sequences; accordingly, SW480 cells upregulated TMEM180 under low‐oxygen conditions. Anti‐TMEM180 mAb has in vitro antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity activity, and SW480 CRC xenografts were eradicated by the mAb. These data indicate that TMEM180 may be a new CRC marker and that a mAb against this protein could be used as antibody‐based therapy against CRC.
An in silico approach to discover the best molecular modeling strategy for designing novel CDK4 inhibitors
Authors: Vasanthakumari Divya , Vadakkethil Lalithabhai Pushpa , Kanthimathi Bahuleyan Manoj 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDesigning of new potential specific inhibitors for CDK4 is very important in cancer therapy. The imperative features that can inhibit CDK4 were identified and refined by docking under standard precision mode, extra precision mode, extra precision mode with core constraints, and induced fit using extra precision protocol. Statistically significant correlation was observed when docking experiments in the extra precision mode carried out by applying core constraints in the ligand molecule which forms two specific hydrogen bonds with Val 96 of CDK4. Importance of solvent molecule was understood by molecular dynamic simulation studies. The presence of a water molecule which forms a hydrogen bond with Asp158 increased the binding affinity between the ligand and CDK4. Hydrogen bonding interactions, pi–pi stacking interactions, and salt bridge formation were the key interactions contributing to the increased inhibitory value. All these findings were supported by the high correlation between pIC50 and glide emodel values. Binding energy determinations under various conditions also support these findings. Thus, extra precision docking with ligand constraints through the insertion of water molecule effectively classified the actives and inactives of given set of molecules and can be used for virtual screening of new molecules for promising biological activity.
Clinical benefit of high resolution anorectal manometry for the evaluation of anal function after intersphincteric resection
Authors: Kitaguchi D. , Nishizawa Y. , Sasaki T. , Tsukada Y. , Ito M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimIntersphincteric resection (ISR) is an advanced anus‐preserving operation for treating low rectal cancer while avoiding colostomy. High‐resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) allows objective and accurate evaluation of anal function. However, correlations between anal function after ISR and HR‐ARM parameters are unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate HR‐ARM for objective evaluation of anal function after ISR.MethodA total of 81 patients who underwent ISR at our hospital between October 2014 and March 2016 were identified from our prospectively collected database and electronic medical records. Of these, 68 patients who had been evaluated using HR‐ARM both before and after ISR were included in the study. Faecal incontinence (FI) was assessed by Wexner score. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for severe FI after ISR.ResultsMaximum resting pressure (MRP) (P < 0.001) and maximum squeeze pressure (P = 0.04) were significantly lower after ISR, and MRP (P < 0.001) and maximum squeeze pressure (P = 0.02) were significantly lower after total (or subtotal) ISR than after partial ISR. The overall incidence of severe FI after ISR was 18% (12/68), and a high pressure zone before ISR ≤ 3 cm (P = 0.007) and MRP before ISR > 60 mmHg (P = 0.02) were independently associated with an elevated incidence of severe FI after ISR. Decreased preoperative MRP also correlated with severe FI after ISR (P = 0.008).ConclusionHR‐ARM is reliable for the evaluation of anal function after ISR, and the high pressure zone and MRP may be useful preoperative predictors of severe FI after ISR.
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: are STRATE and BLEED scores valid in clinical practice?
Authors: Xavier S. A. , Machado F. J. , Magalhães J. T. , Cotter J. B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimAcute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency. Despite this, outcomes are difficult to predict. Only STRATE and BLEED scores are readily available. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for severe ALGIB and access the validity of available scores.MethodsEmergency consecutive admissions for ALGIB in the last 7 years were retrospectively reviewed. Severe ALGIB was defined as transfusion of ≥ 2 units of blood and/or a haematocrit decrease of ≥ 20% within the first 24 h and/or recurrent bleeding after 24 h of stability. STRATE and BLEED scores were calculated and concordance between score and respective severity outcome was accessed.ResultsA total of 132 patients were identified. Bleeding presented as haematochezia in 94.7% and was severe in 36.4% of cases. ALGIB was significantly more severe in patients with lower systolic (P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressures on admission (P < 0.01), lower admission haemoglobin (P < 0.01), diverticular bleeding (P < 0.01), angioectasias (P = 0.02) and radiation colitis (P < 0.02). Severe ALGIB was associated with admission intermediate care units (P < 0.01), increased length of stay (P < 0.01) and volume of blood transfused (P < 0.01). We identified no significant association between outcomes with either the STRATE (P = 0.72) or BLEED scores (P = 0.05).ConclusionsSevere ALGIB is associated with greater length of stay, volume of blood transfusions and admission to greater level of care units. In our cohort, STRATE and BLEED scores were poor predictors of outcome.
Physical exercise and non‐insulin glucose‐lowering therapies in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical review
Authors: Eckstein M. L. , Williams D. M. , O'Neil L. K. , Hayes J. , Stephens J. W. , Bracken R. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the UK the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) advocates intensive lifestyle programmes that attain the levels of daily physical activity set out by the Chief Medical Officer as a first‐line strategy for improving the health of people at risk of developing diabetes or reducing the risk of development of Type 2 diabetes. For people with Type 2 diabetes, lifestyle measures complement pharmacological treatments that include both oral and injectable therapies. In line with this, NICE guidelines also support intensification of efforts to improve patient lifestyle along with these glucose‐lowering therapies. There is a paucity of evidence, however, in the available published literature examining the association between glucose‐lowering therapies and exercise metabolism. In the present review we explore the current knowledge with regard to the potential interactions of oral and non‐insulin injectable therapies with physical activity in people at risk of, or who have, Type 2 diabetes, and present evidence that may inform healthcare professionals of the need to monitor patients more closely in their adaptation to both pharmacological therapy and physical activity.
Epidemiology of facial fractures among older adults: A retrospective analysis of a nationwide emergency department database
Authors: Marchini Leonardo , Allareddy Veerasathpurush 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsThe prevalence of facial fractures among older adults has increased in recent years, and nationwide studies about the epidemiological profile and outcomes of hospital‐based ED visits for facial fractures among older adults are scarce. The aim of this study was to provide USA‐wide data of hospital‐based Emergency Department (ED) visits for facial fractures among older adults, and to investigate the outcomes associated with these visits.Material and MethodsThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) for the years 2008‐2014 was used for the present study. All ED visits with a diagnosis of facial fractures in any of the diagnoses fields and only patients aged 65 years and above were included.ResultsA total of 540 748 ED visits matched the criteria (62.7% were females). Public insurance—Medicare—(85.2%) was the most common payer. The three most frequent facial fractures included fractures of the nasal bones (61.3%), fractures of “other” facial bones (16.7%), and fractures of the orbital floor (15.0%). Falls were the most common causes of facial fractures (81.8%). Following ED visits, 64.1% were treated and released, and 30.6% were admitted into the hospital. The mean ED charge per visit was US$5507. Total ED charges across the entire United States was US$2 518 289 555.ConclusionsAmong older adults, nasal bone fractures are the most common type of facial fracture. Facial fractures are mainly caused by falls. There was no significant trend in mortality rates over the study period, and there was a significant financial burden associated with the facial fracture‐related ED visits.
Long‐term mineral fertilization in paddy soil alters the chemical structures and decreases the fungistatic activities of humic acids
Authors: Wu Meng , Wei Shiping , Liu Jia , Liu Ming , Jiang Chunyu , Li Zhongpei 
Published: December 2018

Fungistatic activity is a newly identified ecological function for soil humic acids. However, the relation between fungistatic activities of soil humic acids and their chemical structures is still unclear. In addition, how fertilizer application affects fungistatic activity is still unknown. We sampled paddy soils with different long‐term fertilizer schemes, namely: unfertilized control (CK), mineral fertilizer applied (NPK) and mineral fertilizer applied plus straw return (NPKRS). Soil humic acids were extracted and their fungistatic activities against 14 phytopathogenic fungi were investigated to evaluate their ecological functions. The humic acids from NPK and NPKRS treatments showed much smaller fungistatic effects than those from CK treatments. The chemical structures of humic acids were investigated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy. Long‐term fertilization significantly changed the chemical structure of soil humic acid, and the variation in chemical structure affected the fungistatic activities. The relative content of alkoyl C and alkyl C, the alkoyl C/alkyl C ratio and aliphaticity all had positive correlations with the fungistatic effects of humic acids. That indicated humic acids with more aliphatic and decomposable structures showed more fungistatic activity. From the results, we believe that long‐term application of mineral fertilizer in paddy fields makes the soil humic acids less aliphatic and more recalcitrant, and concomitantly weakens their ability to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi.Highlights

We studied the inhibitory effects of paddy soil humic acids on 14 phytopathogenic fungi.
Fertilization‐induced changes in humic acids affect inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi.
Long‐term mineral fertilization significantly changed chemical structures of humic acids.
Humic acid with more aliphatic and decomposable structures had more fungistatic activity.