bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine hesitancy in the French population in 2016, and its association with vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine risk–benefit balance
Authors: Rey Dominique , Fressard Lisa , Cortaredona Sébastien , Bocquier Aurélie , Gautier Arnaud , Peretti-Watel Patrick , Verger Pierre ,   on behalf of the Baromètre santé 2016 group
Published: April 2018

Background
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is prominent in France. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of VH in sub-groups of the French population and to investigate the association of VH with both vaccine uptake and perceived risk–benefit balance (RBB) for four vaccines. Methods: During the 2016 Health Barometer – a national cross-sectional telephone survey in a representative sample of the French population – parents of 1–15 year-old children, parents of 11–15 year-old girls and elderly people aged 65–75 years were asked about VH (using three questions adapted from the World Health Organization definition), vaccine uptake and perceived RBB for measles and hepatitis B (children’s parents), human papillomavirus (girls’ parents) and seasonal influenza (elderly people) vaccines. Results: A total of 3,938 parents including 959 girls' parents – and 2,418 elderly people were interviewed. VH prevalence estimates were 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 44–48) among parents, 48% (95%CI: 45–51) among girls’ parents and 35% (95% CI: 33–36) among elderly people, with higher estimates associated with high education level, children’s age (10–15 years), and, for the elderly, poor perception of health status. VH was associated with uncertainty about and/or an unfavourable perception of vaccines’ RBB for the four vaccines and with lower self-reported vaccine uptake, except for human papillomavirus vaccine in girls. Results were confirmed by multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Further research is needed to study the association between VH and vaccine uptake for other vaccines, and to design and validate measurement tools to monitor VH over time.
Analisis Pertanyaan Retorika dalam Ayub 40:1-28
Authors: Stevanus Kalis 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The purpose of the analysis of the rhetorical question in Job 40: 1-28 is to look at theological and practical implications. Theologically: 1) Everything under God's control. Including Job with all the agonizing suffering he experienced remained under God's control; 2) Keep believing in God even if you do not feel His physical presence; 3) Behind the suffering of the righteous man is the divine will of God. God never allows anything to happen to believers, without God's purpose in it. In suffering there is God's gracious will, in God's will, there is His grace. So believers can reach His great purpose and plan. Practically: 1) God is big, strong and we are small, weak. Let believers keep giving thanks to God even in suffering, then pray (ask) to God for strengthening us when we face the tests of faith; 2) Live honestly and humbly. Do not despise or judge a person for not having the spiritual experience that Ayub once experienced. For the Lord opposes the proud and the pity of the humble; 3) Rely completely on God. In both temptation and suffering, there is nothing better that believers can do than always depend entirely on God.Abstrak. Tujuan analisis pertanyaan retorika dalam Ayub 40:1-28 ini adalah untuk melihat implikasi teologis dan praktis. Secara teologis: 1) Segala sesuatu di bawah penguasaan dan kendali Tuhan. Termasuk juga Ayub dengan segala penderitaan berat yang dialaminya tetap berada di bawah penguasaan dan kendali Tuhan; 2) Tetaplah percaya pada Tuhan walau tidak merasakan kehadiran-Nya secara fisik ; 3) Di balik penderitaan orang saleh terkandung kehendak Allah yang rahmani. Tuhan tidak pernah mengizinkan sesuatu menimpa orang percaya, tanpa maksud Tuhan di dalamnya. Di dalam penderitaan ada kehendak Tuhan yang rahmani, di dalam kehendak Tuhan ada anugerah-Nya, sehingga orang percaya bisa mencapai maksud dan rencana-Nya yang agung. Secara praktis: 1) Tuhan itu besar, kuat dan manusia kecil, lemah. Hendaklah orang percaya tetap bersyukur kepada Tuhan sekalipun dalam penderitaan dan berdoalah (mintalah) kepada Tuhan agar Ia menguatkan saat-saat menghadapi ujian-ujian iman; 2) Hiduplah jujur dan rendah hati. Janganlah memandang rendah atau menghakimi seseorang karena tidak memiliki pengalaman rohani seperti yang dialaminya. Sebab Tuhan menentang orang sombong dan mengasihani orang yang rendah hati; 3) Bergantunglah sepenuhnya kepada Allah. Dalam pencobaan maupun penderitaan, tidak ada yang lebih baik yang dapat dilakukan orang percaya selain bergantung sepenuhnya kepada Allah.
Designing an English Syllabus for Teachers of biMBA AIUEO
Authors: Alawiyah Siti Tuti 
Published: April 2018

<p>Nowadays, the numbers of pre-schools (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) which is established by Rukun Tetangga in society and also established by foundation or personal are getting increased. In a such condition, it makes parents think to deliver their kids to study in a pre-school that provides English Curriculum. Therefore, school foundation always tries hard in order to be the best school which has English lesson. At first, biMBA (bimbingan minat baca anak) only provides calistung program (baca tulis hitung). Due to the request from parents and the reality that many pre-schools have provided English subject, Mitra (who manage) biMBA decided to open English class in biMBA. Unfortunately, many teachers at biMBA AIUEO do not have English background. It can be assumed that they might produce mistakes and errors in pronunciation and spelling. That is why, English course is necessary to improve their English skills mainly at pronunciation and spelling. Before designing the course, needs analysis should be conducted in order to know what teachers need during the course later. The steps will be begun through distributing questionnaires to the teachers and an interview with their Mitra to obtain more insights about teacher’s knowledge. Afterwards, the results of the needs analysis will be interpreted to design a syllabus for them. It is believed that the syllabus based on learner’s needs will be more effective, and the learners’s goal to learn English can be achieved as well.</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> Teachers biMBA AIUEO, ESP, Needs Analysis, Present Situation Analysis (PSA), Learning Situation Analysis (LSA), Target Situation Analysis, Syllabus</em><em></em></p>
An Analysis on Verb Collocation of 'Excited': Corpus-Based Research
Authors: Stardy Rex 
Published: April 2018

<p>In learning English, one main problem that learners often encounter is learning vocabulary. Learners cannot use English to communicate if they do not have enough words or vocabulary to convey what they want to say. That is why, learning vocabulary is important. However, it is not always easy to learn vocabulary. Learning vocabulary can be troublesome. One type of vocabulary which is confusing for learners to learn is adjectives, especially verbal adjectives. Verbal adjectives are adjectives which are derived from verbs. These adjectives usually have –ed and –ing ending. Some examples are ‘bored’, ‘boring’, ‘confused’, ‘confusing’, ‘excited’, ‘exciting’, etc. These adjectives are often confusing for learners of English. Based on this problem, the writer decided to conduct research about this adjective. However, the writer only wants to analize and discuss the adjectives that end with –ed. The specific word that is going to be analized is ‘excited’. Since this research is corpus based research, the research will focus on the verbs that collocate with the adjective ‘excited’. The writer will see how many verbs that frequently collocate with ‘excited’. After that, the writer will see the differences between those verbs. Finally, the writer will compare the results of the COCA and the results of the students’ test. In learning English, one main problem that learners often encounter is learning vocabulary. Learners cannot use English to communicate if they do not have enough words or vocabulary to convey what they want to say. That is why, learning vocabulary is important. However, it is not always easy to learn vocabulary. Learning vocabulary can be troublesome. One type of vocabulary which is confusing for learners to learn is adjectives, especially verbal adjectives. Verbal adjectives are adjectives which are derived from verbs. These adjectives usually have –ed and –ing ending. Some examples are ‘bored’, ‘boring’, ‘confused’, ‘confusing’, ‘excited’, ‘exciting’, etc. These adjectives are often confusing for learners of English. Based on this problem, the writer decided to conduct research about this adjective. However, the writer only wants to analyze and discuss the adjectives that end with –ed. The specific word that is going to be analized is ‘excited’. Since this research is corpus based research, the research will focus on the verbs that collocate with the adjective ‘excited’. The writer will see how many verbs that frequently collocate with ‘excited’. After that, the writer will see the differences between those verbs. Finally, the writer will compare the results of the COCA and the results of the students’ test.<em></em></p><p> </p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> corpus, verb collocation, excited</em>
Discourse Legitimation: A Description of Public Policy from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Silalahi Ronald Maraden Parlindungan 
Published: April 2018

<p>Discourse legitimation is one of the studies that emphasize the analysis of a public policy. In this article, public policy becomes an idea of emphasis. Public policy is established by governments to meet social goals that are always linked to public and public interests. This policy is an action formed by an individual or group of people within a social environment. In the perspective of discourse, public policy is a representation of a communication process involving government and state apparatuses. In the process of its formation, policies are established to meet the needs of stakeholders. Therefore, the ideology of a policy reflects the view of the stakeholders. Public policy is the foundation used by society, individuals, and institutions in performing actions in accordance with applicable provisions. Public policy can be viewed as a social action. Therefore, the process of analysis of a public policy must take into consideration the social and cultural aspects of society. Contextual analysis must be done in order to understand the ideology behind the formation of public policy. The formation of public policy is a form of re-formulation of a number of foundations that can be used to solve a social problem. Understanding the roles of communication participants gives a clear picture of how the policy should be built. These generated alternatives reflect the choices that communication participants can take to resolve educational issues. This article descriptively describes aspects related to public policy, such as, the background of purpose, intent, and formulation of a public policy.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong> Discourse legitimation, public policy, critical discourse analysis, description
The Effect of Self Talk Strategy in Public Speaking as EFL Classroom on the Third Year Students (Academic Year 2013) at English Department in FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar
Authors: Purba Rudiarman , Sihombing Sotarduga 
Published: April 2018

<p>This research will tend to find out the significance and the effect Self Talk Strategy in Public Speaking as EFL classroom on the third year students (Academic Year 2013) at English Department in FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. This research will use experimental research design. To answer the problems of the research, the writer uses the following theories: O’Malley, et al. (2002), Braiker (1987), Vygotsky (1986), Winsler et al (2009), Gaskins (2005) in self-talk strategy and the writer uses the theory of Harris (1969), Ur (1996), Harmer (1998), Scrinever (2005), Thornburry (2005), Grugeon et al (2005) and Harmer (2007). The population of this research is the third year students (Academic Year 2013) at English Department that sit in Public Speaking Class in FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. There are 40 students taken as the sample of this research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (20 students) as the experimental group and the second group (20 students) as the control group. The writers will give a treatment in class by applying self talk strategy in teaching speaking in public speaking class. To analyze the data, the writer uses the theory of Arikunto. After analyzing and calculating the data, the writer finds that The Mean Score was 7.8 and the value of t-test was higher than t-table (t-test &gt; t-table), 2.671 &gt; 1.686. Ha (Alternate Hypothesis) was accepted and Ho (Null Hypothesis) was rejected.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong> Self Talk Strategy, Speaking, English, Foreign Language, Teaching
An Analysis on Grammatical Errors in Students' Recount Texts: A Case Study on the Second Grade Students Faculty of Letters Indraprasta PGRI University
Authors: Somba Sugianti 
Published: April 2018

<p>This study aims to analyze and classify what types of mistakes made by learners (in this case the second grade students of Indraprasta University PGRI) in applying the simple past tense in the text of recount text. The errors are defined according to Mariusz Trawinski's theory. In addition, this study aims to obtain percentage of each type of mistakes made by learners, as well as to uncover the most dominant mistakes made by learners in using the simple past tense in the text recount. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, while the general pattern or research design used by the researcher is a case study. Furthermore, the authors chose the second level of students who numbered 25 people as subjects in this study. The data in this research is obtained through the test of making recounts to the students. The result of the error analysis process is that learners perform three types of errors which are regular verb, irregular verbs, and auxiliary verbs. It is seen from the percentage of each type of error, the auxiliary verb is the most commonly performed error type with a percentage of 42.23%. Furthermore, errors in irregular verb is 33.90%, whereas the type of regular verb error is 29.87% of the total errors made by the learner. And from the side of the taxonomy of surface tactics or surface strategy taxonomy, errors in regular verb, irregular verb, and to be auxiliary consist of misformation, misordering, omission, and addition error. The highest error on auxiliary verb is misformation. The highest error on irregular verb is misformation. And the highest error in regular verb is omission. This shows that the use of simple past tense in writing recount text is still difficult to understand the students of the second grade of PGRI Indraprasta University.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords:</strong> simple past, recount texts
Maxims of Politeness in Students-Lecturers Whatsapp Conversation
Authors: - Widya 
Published: April 2018

<p>This present study aims<strong> </strong>at analyzing the application and the violation of maxims of politeness in students’ language in communicating with lecturers via WhatsApp and at identifying which utterances are considered polite and which ones are not based on the five pragmatic scales. In the descriptive-qualitative research, the writer applies Leech’s theory of politeness principle in finding the answers to those questions. The results show that the language used by students in communicating with the lecturer through WhatsApp is considered polite where the amount of politeness maxims application is much higher when compared to the violation of those maxims. Violations are only found at tac and approbation maxim. The absence of violations of generosity, modesty, agreement, and sympathy maxim is due to the authority of the hearer and the social distance between speakers and hearers. The context of speech is also very helpful for students to speak politely, i.e. most of the contexts indicate that the students contact the lecturers because there is a need or interest they should discuss with the lecturer related to their academic maters. The politeness of students’ utterance in the data can be measured with the five pragmatics scales.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong> politeness, maxim of politeness, self and other, pragmatic scales
Web 2.0 Based AVT
Authors: Taufik Alvin , Widawati Vesalia 
Published: April 2018

<p>The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created an opportunity for better interaction and collaboration. In turns, these web 2.0 technologies have encouraged creativity and participation from its users. One of the areas impacted by this is in language teaching and learning. More researchers are using these web 2.0 technologies in their teaching. This research focuses on the core concept of web 2.0 in the most popular video-based social media that is Youtube. The researcher will investigate the features and elements embedded ad available in Youtube which corresponds to the core concept of web 2.0 of collaboration and interactivity. Furthermore, the researcher will devise methods to integrate such concept in language learning, more specifically, on audiovisual translation. The final results are expected to lay the foundations of further interactivity and collaboration in said subjects, and other subjects in which there are potentials to integrate other web 2.0 technologies.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong> web 2.0 technologies, Youtube, interactive, collaboration</p>
Learners’ Perception on Bilingual Approach in an EAP Classroom
Authors: Rerung Magdalena Kartikasari Tandy 
Published: April 2018

<p>First language used as a medium of English instruction has been widely used in countries that teach English as a second or foreign language. It is believed that the use of first language can help learners to have access in learning English, increase the motivaton as well the confidence. The following research is intended to find out the learners’ perception on how Indonesian language is prefereable used in their classroom. The 23 respondents were taken from an EAP classroom whose students majoring System of Information and Technology in Bunda Mulia University, Jakarta. The result shown that the learenrs are mostly used Indonesian when they are having discussion among friends however when they interact with their lecturer they expect to have English in returns. On different setting, the learners also prefer Indonesian language is used when the lecturer explaining vocabulary meaning. The result hopefully may help teachers and educators to see this approach as another alternative teaching aid in order to get a better result in their langauge classroom.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> bilingual teaching, language learning, English in Academic Purpose
Lexical Richness in English Language and Culture Department Students’ Undergraduate Theses
Authors: Halim Suwarni Wijaya 
Published: April 2018

<p>The objective of this research is to find out the lexical richness that the students of English Language and Culture Department have by deeply analyzing their undergraduate theses as the data. The researcher limited the data into undergraduate theses produced by students of batch 2010/2011 of English Language and Culture Department. The researcher used computer software called AntWordProfiler, a kind of software for profiling texts created by Laurence Anthony. The data were processed using the said software in order to produce the type and the token of the text. Afterwards, the researcher used type-token ratio (TTR) as the method in measuring the lexical richness as a part of data analysis. The closer the TTR score to 1, the higher the lexical richness is. However, the result shows that the students’ lexical richness is quite low since none of the students achieved even 0.5.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> lexical richness, type-token ratio (TTR), undergraduate theses
Acute liver failure
Authors: Bunchorntavaku Chalermrat l 
Published: April 2018

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life threatening condition defined by the evidence of hepatic injury, jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting cirrhosis and with an illness duration of <26 weeks. The etiologies of ALF are heterogeneous: viral hepatitis being the most common in the East, whereas drug-induced, particularly acetaminophen, being the most common in the West. Over the past decades, the outcomes of ALF have been improving with early recognition and prompt initiation of etiology-specific therapy (especially N-acetylcysteine), complex intensive care protocols and urgent liver transplantation (LT). The most commonly used prognostic scoring systems include King’s College Criteria (more specific) and MELD (more sensitive). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are reasons for high morbidity and mortality in the early phase; hypertonic saline is suggested for patients with high-risk for developing intracranial hypertension (ICH) and when ICH develops, mannitol is recommended as first-line therapy. Bacterial and fungal infections are very common necessitating strict preventive measures, careful surveillance and prompt aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Acute kidney injury develops in 50-70% of patients; mostly reversible in survivors and temporary dialysis is required in about 30% of cases. Overall 1-year survival after LT has been reported to be lower in patients with ALF as compared to those with cirrhosis; however following the first year this trend has been to be reversed and ALF patients have a better long-term survival. Extracorporeal liver support system, such as albumin dialysis and plasmapheresis, may serve as a bridge to LT and may increase LT-free survival in select cases.
Figure 1 CT brain ของผู้ป่วยเพศหญิง อายุ 22 ปี มีภาวะ ตับวายเฉียบพลันจากยา แรกรับมี encephalopathy grade III CT brain พบ mild cerebral edema with loss of sulci and gyri, blurring of grey - white junctions and mild narrowing of ventricles (A) 3 วันหลังเข้ารับการรักษา ในโรงพยาบาล ผู้ป่วยมีอาการแย่ลง encephalopathy grade IV, sluggish pupillary response to light both eyes: CT brain พบ progression of cerebral edema, loss of grey-white junctions and brain herniation (B)
Propensity score analysis: principle and concept
Authors: Charoensuk Kriangsak 
Published: April 2018

การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติโดยใช้คะแนนโพรเพนซิตี้ (propensity score analysis) เป็นหนึ่งในการวิจัยทางสถิติแบบใหม่ที่เพิ่งถือกำเนิดขึ้น ภายหลังสถิติพื้นฐานอื่นๆ และถูกนำมาใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายเพิ่มมากขึ้น เพื่อช่วยควบคุมปัจจัยหรือตัวแปรกวน (confounding) ที่เกิดขึ้นในการศึกษาวิจัยแบบเชิงสังเกตการณ์ (observational study) ด้านการศึกษา จิตวิทยา รวมถึงด้ายวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ ทดแทนการทดลองแบบสุ่มและมีกลุ่มเปรียบเทียบ (randomized control trial, RCT) ซึ่งบางครั้งผู้วิจัยไม่สามารถทำได้ อย่างไรก็ดี ยังคงมีผู้วิจัยหลายคนที่อาจยังสับสนและไม่เข้าใจหลักการ ความสำคัญ รวมถึงขั้นตอนพื้นฐานและเทคนิคของการวิเคราะห์วิธีดังกล่าว วัตถุประสงค์ของการทบทวนบทความในครั้งนี้จึงมุ่งหวังเพื่อ 1. ให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจหลักการพื้นฐานของการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติโดยใช้ propensity score 2. ทราบเทคนิคพื้นฐานและการเลือก propensity score methods 3. เข้าใจการใช้ propensity score matching จากการยกตัวย่างการศึกษาวิจัยที่มีมาในอดีต เพื่อให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจหลักการการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลดังกล่าวมากยิ่งขึ้น
Figure 1 จำนวนการศึกษาวิจัยทางการแพทย์ในแต่ละปี ที่มีรายชื่ออ้างอิงใน PubMed และ Science Citation Index และใช้การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้คะแนนโพรเพนซิตี้ (propensity score method) ดัดแปลงมาจากงานวิจัยของ Hill J และคณะ (8)