bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters for mastitis incidence and its indicators based on somatic cell score for Holsteins in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Masuda Yutaka , Nakagawa Satoshi , Abe Hayato , Gotoh Yusaku , Baba Toshimi , Kawahara Takayoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of mastitis incidence and genetic correlations between the mastitis and the somatic cell score (SCS) statistics, and to compare the practicability between different models. We used test‐day records with the mastitis incidence and SCS collected from Holstein cows calving from 1988 to 2015 in Hokkaido, Japan. As indicators of mastitis, the average SCS (avSCS), the standard deviation of SCS (sdSCS), and the maximum SCS (maxSCS) were calculated using test‐day records up to the first 305 days in milk within a lactation. We compared a four‐trait repeatability animal model (MTRP) with a four‐trait multiple‐lactation animal model (MTML). The heritability for mastitis was equal to or lower than 0.05 in all the models. Genetic correlations between lactations with MTML within the same trait were positive and close to 1. With MTRP, the estimated genetic correlations of the mastitis incidence with avSCS, sdSCS, and maxSCS were 0.66, 0.79, and 0.82, respectively. A joint evaluation with SCS statistics is expected to give an extra reliability for mastitis because of high and positive genetic correlations among the traits.
Predictors of disengagement from cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis in a National Health Service setting: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Dasyam Ben , Courtney Helen , White Lucy , Tedbury Jo , Butt Jane , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether demographic and clinical variables are related to disengagement rates in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis in a clinical setting.MethodsThe medical records and symptom severity data (from Health of the Nation Outcome Scales) were analysed retrospectively for 103 referrals for CBT for psychosis in a National Health Service secondary care and Early Intervention in Psychosis team.ResultsOverall, 42.7% (n = 44) disengaged from CBT. There was no impact of gender or ethnicity, and no impact of clinical variables such as risk history and comorbid diagnosis. However, risk of disengagement was significantly higher for those who were younger, F = 6.89, partial η2 = .064, p = <.05; those with greater total HoNOS scores, F = 4.22, partial η2 = .04, p < .05; more severe symptoms on the HoNOS items of overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behaviour, χ2 = 6.13, p < .01; problem drinking or drug taking, χ2 = 7.65, p < .05; depressed mood, χ2 = 7.0, p < .01; and problems with occupation and activities: χ2 = 3.68, p < .05. There was a non‐significant trend for shorter waiting times to be associated with greater levels of disengagement.ConclusionsThese results indicate that it may not be psychosis per se that disrupts engagement in CBT, but linked behavioural and emotional factors. A more assertive approach to these factors – overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behaviour, problem drinking or drug taking, depressed mood, and problems with occupation and activities, particularly in younger people – may be valuable prior to or early on in therapy as a means of increasing engagement in CBT for psychosis.Practitioner Points

Risk of disengagement from CBT for psychosis increases with overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behaviour (54.9% vs. 30.8%), problem drinking and drug taking (61.1% vs. 32.8%), depressed mood (56% vs. 30.2%), and problems with occupation and activities (53.3% vs. 34.5%), with a trend for younger age.

An assertive and motivational approach to engagement and a focus on addressing low mood and problematic behaviours, prior to or early in therapy, may be warranted, particularly for younger people.

This evaluation is limited by small sample size and being retrospective.

These results speak to the question of whether psychosis itself renders people inappropriate for CBT for psychosis, or whether problems arise due to behavioural and emotional factors that might be addressed to increase access to CBT for psychosis.
Liraglutide 3.0 mg for the management of insufficient weight loss or excessive weight regain post‐bariatric surgery
Authors: Wharton Sean , Kuk Jennifer L. , Luszczynski Magdalena , Kamran Elham , Christensen Rebecca A. G. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTo assess the effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg in post‐bariatric surgery patients, and to determine whether this would differ based on the type of bariatric surgery. One hundred seventeen post‐bariatric surgery patients from the Wharton Medical Clinic were analysed. Changes in weight while taking liraglutide 3.0 mg were examined for all patients, and by three types of bariatric surgery—Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, gastric banding and gastric sleeve. Patients primarily underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (n = 53, 45.3%) or gastric banding (n = 50, 42.7%). Over 7.6 ± 7.1 months taking liraglutide 3.0 mg, patients lost a statistically significant amount of weight (−6.3 ± 7.7 kg, P < .05) regardless of the type of surgery they had (P > .05). This decrease in weight remained significant after 1‐year of taking liraglutide 3.0 mg (P < .05). Nausea was the most prevalent side effect, reported by 29.1% patients. While options for excess weight management in post‐bariatric surgery patients are limited, results of this study suggest that post‐bariatric surgery patients can lose a significant amount of weight while taking liraglutide 3.0 mg regardless of the type of surgery they had. Further, similar to non‐surgical populations, post‐bariatric surgery patients taking liraglutide 3.0 mg may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and can continue to lose weight up to 1 year.
Glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes using an open source artificial pancreas system (OpenAPS)
Authors: Melmer Andreas , Züger Thomas , Lewis Dana M. , Leibrand Scott , Stettler Christoph , Laimer Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOpen source artificial pancreas systems (OpenAPS) have gained considerable interest in the diabetes community. We analyzed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) records of 80 OpenAPS users with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A total of 19 495 days (53.4 years) of CGM records were available. Mean glucose was 7.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L, time in range 3.9–10 mmol/L was 77.5 ± 10.5%, <3.9 mmol/L was 4.3 ± 3.6%, <3.0 mmol/L was 1.3 ± 1.9%, >10 mmol/L was 18.2 ± 11.0% and > 13.9 mmol/L was 4.1 ± 4.0%, respectively. In 34 OpenAPS users, additional CGM records were obtained while using sensor‐augmented pump therapy (SAP). After changing from SAP to OpenAPS, lower mean glucose (−0.6 ± 0.7; P < 0.0001), lower estimated HbA1c (−0.4 ± 0.5%; P < 0.0001), higher time in range 3.9–10 mmol/L (+9.3 ± 9.5%; P < 0.0001), less time < 3.0 mmol/L (−0.7 ± 2.2%; P = 0.0171), lower coefficient of variation (−2.4 ± 5.8; P = 0.0198) and lower mean of daily differences (−0.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L; P = 0.0005) was observed. Glycaemic control using OpenAPS was comparable with results of more rigorously developed and tested AP systems. However, OpenAPS was used by a highly selective, motivated and technology‐adept cohort, despite not being approved for the treatment of individuals with T1D.
Efficacy of local eradication treatments against the sudden oak death epidemic in Oregon tanoak forests
Authors: Hansen Everett , Reeser Paul , Sutton Wendy , Kanaskie Alan , Navarro Sarah , Goheen Ellen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhytophthora ramorum, cause of sudden oak death, has been distributed widely across the United States in horticultural situations, but is not established in forests outside of California and Oregon. Here, it has triggered widespread concern and, especially in Oregon, an intensive disease management programme. Now, we provide the first systematic evaluation of the efficacy of that effort.This paper evaluates four measures of the efficacy of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) local eradication treatments: inoculum availability; inoculum from tree species other than tanoak; disease spread from treated areas; and cumulative infested area with and without treatment. We conclude that local treatments demonstrably reduce local inoculum levels. Eradication of SOD from infested sites is difficult but not impossible. The disease usually does not persist after cutting infected trees but spread on the landscape continues because the pathogen may be present on undetected new infections for a year or two before whole tree symptoms are visible. This limits early detection and coupled with delays in completing eradication treatments, prolongs the chances for long‐distance aerial dispersal.
The medical treatment of epilepsy in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lezaic Nastasija , Gore Geneviève , Josephson Colin B. , Wiebe Samuel , Jetté Nathalie , Keezer Mark R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in elderly individuals with epilepsy.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases as well as bibliographies and conference abstracts. Published and unpublished, randomized, or quasirandomized trials reporting the use of AEDs in people aged at least 60 years with epilepsy were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently carried out each stage of the review. Meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects models.ResultsThree thousand four hundred seventeen titles and abstracts were reviewed. Eighteen studies evaluating 12 AEDs met all eligibility criteria. Ten studies, comprising 1999 subjects, were suitable for meta‐analysis. Among the elderly with epilepsy, lamotrigine (LTG) is better tolerated relative to carbamazepine (pooled weighted risk ratio [RR] of experiencing withdrawal due to adverse events = 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23‐2.43). There is a higher probability, although with a 95% CI of borderline importance, of seizure freedom when comparing levetiracetam to LTG (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68‐0.97). Single studies provide evidence for the efficacy and/or tolerability of other AEDs in the elderly, including brivaracetam, gabapentin, lacosamide, perampanel, and topiramate. The risk of bias of the included studies was frequently low or unclear, although there was on occasion a high risk of bias (especially with regard to selective reporting).SignificanceThere is some evidence for AED use in the elderly with epilepsy. More evidence is required, comparing newer AEDs to prior generations as well as examining the effects of determinants such as frailty, to guide clinicians when treating this rapidly growing patient population.
Misspecification in stock assessments: Common uncertainties and asymmetric risks
Authors: Hordyk Adrian R. , Huynh Quang C. , Carruthers Thomas R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCommon uncertainties in stock assessment relate to parameters or assumptions that strongly determine both the estimates of quantities of management interest (e.g. stock depletion) and related reference points (e.g. biomass at maximum sustainable yield). The risks associated with these uncertainties are often presented to managers in the form of decision tables. However, a formal evaluation of the risks from misspecifying an assessment model over time‐horizons spanning multiple assessment cycles requires closed‐loop simulation. There were two aims of this study: (a) develop an approach to identify and evaluate asymmetries in risk to yields and spawning biomass due to biases in key parameters and data sources in a stock assessment model, (b) quantify the relative importance of correctly specifying the various assessment attributes. A computationally efficient stock reduction analysis was evaluated using closed‐loop simulation to identify risks associated with a stock assessment with persistent positive and negative biases in the key parameters and inaccurate assumptions regarding data sources. Six types of assessment misspecification were examined, namely the assumed natural mortality rate, the assumed recruitment compensation ratio, the assumed age of maturity, a hyper‐stable or hyper‐deplete index of abundance, over‐ or under‐reporting of historical catch, and misspecification of the assumed shape of the selectivity curve. This study reveals large asymmetries in risk associated with common uncertainties in stock assessment processes. We highlight the value of reproducible and computationally efficient stock assessment models that can be investigated by closed‐loop simulation before being used for fisheries management.
Using different carrots: How incentivization affects proficiency testing outcomes
Authors: Gass Susan , Van Gorp Koen , Winke Paula 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study represents program‐level action research. A U.S. university Spanish language program had a goal for students to reach the ACTFL (2012) Intermediate Mid level after 2 years. An empirical question that resulted after regular end‐of‐year testing was whether the students were doing their best on assessments. To investigate this, 253 end‐of‐second‐year students were divided into two experimental conditions: (a) 95 students received up to 10% of their final grade based on meeting the speaking goal, and (b) 73 students received up to 5% of their grade on the same criterion. Eighty‐five students formed a control group with no grading incentive. All took ACTFL tests in speaking (the Oral Proficiency Interview‐computerized [OPIc]), listening (Listening Proficiency Test), and reading (Reading Proficiency Test). The group whose OPIc score counted for 10% performed significantly higher than other two groups. Females were more positively affected by the incentivization. Programs with language goals should consider incentivized proficiency‐based exit tests to motivate their students (Chalhoub‐Deville, 1997).
Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides
Authors: Pansai Nattha , Chakree Korawan , Takahashi Yupanqui Chutha , Raungrut Pritsana , Yanyiam Niracha , Wichienchot Santad 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis is the first report of the evaluation of suitability for consumption of dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) and its efficacy on gut microbiota modulation and in boosting the gut immune response in rats. The DFO produced significantly increased faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli but decreased bacteroides and clostridia. The DFO also showed immune‐response boosting properties by significantly increasing the plasma immunoglobulin A and G concentrations. In addition, it was confirmed by blood chemistry analysis and histology of the colon of the rats that DFO is suitable for the consumption. These results suggest that DFO is a potentially novel source of prebiotic ingredients with probiotic‐stimulation and immune boosting properties.
Effect of food ingredients on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion in STC‐1 and HuTu‐80 cells
Authors: Yue Yuan , Madsen Sidsel , Hedemann Mette Skou , Knudsen Knud Erik Bach , Sparsø Flemming Vang , Laursen Anne , Jensen Henrik Max , Knudsen Tine Ahrendt , Purup Stig 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis study aims at identifying food ingredients that have potential to enhance satiety and therefore potentially can be used for preventing and treating obesity. To do so, effects of thirteen food ingredients on the secretion of gut satiety hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) in enteroendocrine STC‐1 and HuTu‐80 cells were investigated. First, the effects of food ingredients on cell viability were investigated. This was done to determine if the individual ingredient affected cell viability, and in case so, to determine the ingredient concentration below which, the cell viability was unaffected. Enzyme‐treated whey protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid, green tea extract, and hesperidin did not affect GLP‐1 secretion. Functional soy protein, fractionated functional soy protein, acetylated monoglyceride, N‐oleoylethanolamine, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, hesperetin, rosemary extract, and kale extract increased GLP‐1 secretion in at least one cell line. However, the effects of the eight potent ingredients on GLP‐1 secretion need to be further investigated in vivo.
Identification of a de novo NLRP3 gene variation in an Italian Behçet syndrome patient
Authors: Padula Maria Carmela , Leccese Pietro , Lascaro Nancy , Padula Angela Anna , Carbone Teresa , Martelli Giuseppe , D'Angelo Salvatore 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel nonsynonymous variation of NLRP3 was identified in an Italian patient with Behçet syndrome using both bioinformatics and molecular methods. This variation was a thymine to guanine polymorphism responsible for the isoleucine to serine amino acid change at position 348. The novel variation was predicted to be a pathogenic allele.
Factors affecting HLA expression: A review
Authors: Carey B. Sean , Poulton Kay Victoria , Poles Anthony 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe detection and semiquantitative measurement of circulating human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐specific antibodies is essential for the management of patients before and after transplantation. In addition, the pretransplant cross‐match to assess the reactivity of recipient HLA antibody against donor lymphocytes has long been the gold standard to prevent hyperacute rejection. Whilst both of these tests assume that recipient HLA‐specific antibody is the only variable in the assessment of transplant risk, this is not the case. Transplant immunologists recognize that some HLA antigens are expressed at levels a magnitude lower than others (e.g., HLA‐C, HLA‐DQ), but within loci, and between different cell types there are many factors that influence HLA expression in both resting and activated cells. HLA is not usually expressed without the specific promoter proteins NLRC5, for HLA class I, and CIITA, for class II. The quantity of HLA protein production is then affected by factors including promoter region polymorphisms, alternative exon splice sites, methylation and microRNA‐directed degradation. Different loci are influenced by multiple combinations of these control mechanisms making prediction of HLA regulation difficult, but an ability to measure the cellular expression of each HLA antigen, in conjunction with knowledge of circulating HLA‐specific antibody, would lead to a more informed algorithm to assess transplant risk.
Towards a simple marker of hepato‐visceral adiposity and insulin resistance: The Z‐score change from weight‐at‐birth to BMI‐in‐childhood
Authors: de Zegher Francis , Malpique Rita , Garcia‐Beltran Cristina , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundInsulin resistance and hepato‐visceral (central) fat excess are thought to contribute to an earlier timing of adrenarche/pubarche and puberty/menarche; this earlier timing in turn relates often to a mismatch between prenatal and postnatal weight gain, which can be estimated by calculating the Z‐score change from birth weight (BW) to body mass index (BMI) in childhood.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that this calculation may serve as a proxy of insulin resistance and hepato‐visceral adiposity in prepuberty by reappraising a cohort of children (mean age, 8.5 years), born appropriate‐ (AGA, n = 41) or small‐for‐gestational age (SGA, n = 45), followed since birth (n = 76) or since the age of 3 years (n = 10). Assessments included anthropometry; fasting glucose and insulin; liver volume; and hepatic fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat in the abdominal region (by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]).ResultsZ‐score change BW‐BMI closely associated to central fat (R = 0.74; P < .0001) and insulin resistance (R = 0.71; P < .0001).ConclusionThese results suggest that Z‐score change BW‐BMI could be viewed as a simple candidate‐marker for hepato‐visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in prepubertal children.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and eGFR levels could be linked by the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in children with obesity
Authors: Marzuillo Pierluigi , Di Sessa Anna , Guarino Stefano , Capalbo Daniela , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Pedullà Marcella , La Manna Angela , Cirillo Grazia , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundPNPLA3 I148M polymorphism has an effect on modulation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in nonobese nondiabetic adults and in children with histologically confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to explore the impact of PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism on eGFR in children with obesity with and without NAFLD.MethodsWe genotyped 591 patients with obesity for PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism. Anthropometrical, biochemical, and instrumental data were collected. NAFLD was defined by the presence of ultrasound‐detected liver steatosis and/or ALT levels greater than 40 IU/L.ResultsPatients with NAFLD showed significantly lower eGFR levels compared with subjects without NAFLD. Children with PNPLA3 MM genotype showed lower eGFR levels compared with those with either PNPLA3 IM or II genotypes both in the presence and absence of NAFLD. A general linear model for eGFR variance, including gender, duration of obesity, PNPLA3 genotypes, HOMA, BMI‐SDS, LDL‐C, and triglycerides as covariates, confirmed an inverse association between eGFR and PNPLA3 genotype only in the presence of NAFLD.ConclusionsChildren with obesity and PNPLA3 MM genotype show lower eGFR levels compared with other genotypes, with a major effect of this polymorphism in the presence of NAFLD.
Impact of a behavioral intervention, delivered by pediatricians or psychologists, on sleep problems in children with ADHD: a cluster‐randomized, translational trial
Authors: Hiscock Harriet , Mulraney Melissa , Heussler Helen , Rinehart Nicole , Schuster Tibor , Grobler Anneke C. , Gold Lisa , Bohingamu Mudiyanselage Shalika , Hayes Nicole , Sciberras Emma 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundWe have demonstrated the efficacy of a brief behavioral intervention for sleep in children with ADHD in a previous randomized controlled trial and now aim to examine whether this intervention is effective and cost‐effective when delivered by pediatricians or psychologists in community settings.MethodsTranslational, cluster‐randomized trial of a behavioral intervention versus usual care from 19th January, 2015 to 30th June, 2017. Participants (n = 361) were children aged 5–13 years with ADHD and parent report of a moderate/severe sleep problem who met criteria for American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria for chronic insomnia disorder, delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, or were experiencing sleep‐related anxiety. Participants were randomized at the level of the pediatrician (n = 61) to intervention (n = 183) or usual care (n = 178). Families in the intervention group received two consultations with a pediatrician or a psychologist covering sleep hygiene and tailored behavioral strategies.ResultsIn an intention‐to‐treat analysis, at 3 and 6 months respectively, the proportion of children with moderate to severe sleep problems was lower in the intervention (28.0%, 35.8%) compared with usual care group (55.4%, 60.1%; 3 month: risk ratio (RR): 0.51, 95% CI 0.37, 0.70, p < .001; 6 month: RR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.45, 0.76, p < .001). Intervention children had improvements across multiple Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire subscales at 3 and 6 months. No benefits of the intervention were observed in other domains. Cost‐effectiveness of the intervention was AUD 13 per percentage point reduction in child sleep problem at 3 months.ConclusionsA low‐cost brief behavioral sleep intervention is effective in improving sleep problems when delivered by community clinicians. Greater sample comorbidity, lower intervention dose or insufficient clinician supervisions may have contributed to the lack benefits seen in our previous trial.