bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of the Bi2O3 effects on the optical, physical, and radiation shielding capabilities of the borosilicate glass system
Authors: Sayyed M I , Afifi M , Mahmoud K A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A glass sample series was fabricated via melt quenching at 1100 °C according to the chemical formula 4Al2O3-12Na2O-(18−X)SiO2-(64−X)B2O3-(2+2X)Bi2O3 (where X = 2, 4, 6, and 8 mol%) to evaluate the role of Bi2O3 substitution for SiO2 and B2O3 on the prepared glass samples’ physical, optical, and gamma-ray shielding characteristics. A 6 to 18 mol% Bi2O3 content increase enhances the glass samples’ density by 26.12%. The samples’ UV–vis absorption spectra was detected via a UV–vis spectrophotometer over the 190–1100 nm wavelength interval. The examination of optical properties confirms decreased optical band gap between 3.25–3.02 eV for direct transition while it decrease between 3.03–2.65 eV for indirect transition when the Bi2O3 partially substitutes B2O3 and Si2O decreases glass formers. Additionally, the increase in Bi2O3 concentration within the glass network enhances the γ-ray shielding performance, as confirmed by the Phy-X/PSD program and Monte Carlo simulation. The 6 to 18 mol% Bi2O3 content increase enhances the glass samples’ γ-ray interaction cross-sections, while the linear attenuation coefficient increases by 43.44%, 26.61%, and 60.49% at the 0.6, 1.5, and 10 MeV γ-ray energies, respectively.
Modulation of self-focusing and plasma wave dynamics by ripple on hollow gaussian beams
Authors: Sharma Prerana , Walia Keshav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the propagation of a hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) through a collisionless plasma medium containing superimposed ripples, incorporating relativistic nonlinear effects. The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) paraxial ray approximation and the eikonal method are employed to derive governing equations for the self-focusing of the main beam, the ripples, and the excitation of plasma waves under these conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of ripples significantly alters the propagation dynamics of HGBs and influences the excitation of electron plasma waves (EPWs). The order and phase angle of ripples influence the main beam dynamics and EPW propagation. Both the HGB order and ripple order affect the ripple dynamics and EPW power. The various orders of the HGB and the angle between the ripple and the main beam affect the ripple’s focusing behavior. These factors collectively influence the intensity of the excited plasma wave. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of laser-plasma interactions involving pre-existing ripples on HGB.
Design and optimization of WSe2@NiCo-MOF for dual-mode applications: energy storage and chemosensing
Authors: Akhtar Nabeela , Muzaffar Nimra , Imran Muhammad , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Safdar Samia , Bahajjaj Aboud Ahmed Awadh , Mumtaz Sohail , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Azeem Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks have accomplished significant consideration in energy stroage devices (ESDs) owing to their adjustable pore structure and substantial specific surface area. Herein, NiCo-MOF was synthesized using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 150 °C, and WSe2 was synthesized using the tip sonication method. The WSe2/NiCo-MOFs electrode showed an outstanding specific capacity (Cs) of 1053.65 C/g. The WSe2/NiCo-MOFs//AC asymmetric device revealed a remarkable Cs of 270.5 C/g. The device acquired a power density (Pd) of 1791.4 W kg−1 and an energy density (Ed) of 38.8 Wh kg−1, demonstrating its exceptional performance. Furthermore, WSe2/NiCo-MOF//AC retained 86.7% capacity retention after 5,000 cycles in the durability test. Metal ion sensors find utility in environmental assessments, medical diagnostics, and industrial procedures. Strontium ion is an essential alkaline earth metal, constituting approximately 0.02 to 0.03% of the Earth’s crust. These nanoparticle-based chemosensor have the potential to be highly accurate and precise detection of metal ions, which is a promising incentive for their advancement. The WSe2/NiCo-MOF photoelectrode demonstrated exceptional photoactivity, quick reaction and recovery times, and good photo-switching performance. Saturation was attained, and fluorescence spectra were taken at specific periods for three different molar concentrations of strontium ions (10 M, 20 M, and 50 M). The multifunctional WSe2/NiCo-MOF nanocomposite electrode material can be used to design hybrid energy harvesting devices.
A generic volatile memristor model
Authors: Nabil Amr , Kumar T Nandha , Almurib Haider Abbas F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A novel class of memristive devices that are volatile has recently emerged. These volatile memristors have proved advantageous in numerous applications, such as their use as selector devices for memristive crossbar arrays, circuit elements for spiking neurons and short-term synapses. Compact models that accurately describe their characteristics are necessary to reap the benefits of these devices. This paper proposes a generic compact volatile memristor model with parameters that can be adapted to various volatile memristive devices. These parameters can easily be used to tune the I-V characteristics as well as the temporal characteristics in terms of the delay and relaxation times. This work introduces two variants of the model, one for voltage-controlled devices and the other for current-controlled devices. The voltage-controlled variant of the model was fitted to an Ag-based filamentary volatile memristor, while the current-controlled variant was fitted to a Mott memristor. An extensive comparison of the fitted models to the experimental data has been provided. It has been shown that the proposed model can accurately describe the quasi-static I-V characteristics and temporal characteristics of both devices under various conditions.
Lossy Compression of Integer Astronomical Images Preserving Photometric Properties*
Authors: Maireles-González Òscar , Bartrina-Rapesta Joan , Hernández-Cabronero Miguel , Serra-Sagristà Joan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Observatories are producing astronomical image data at quickly increasing rates. As a result, the efficiency of the compression methods employed is critical to meet the storage and distribution requirements of both observatories and scientists. This paper presents a novel lossy compression technique that is able to preserve the results of photometry analysis with high fidelity while improving upon the state of the art in terms of compression performance. The proposed compression pipeline combines a flexible bi-region quantization scheme with the lossless, dictionary-based, LPAQ9M encoder. The quantization process allows compression performance and photometric fidelity to be precisely tailored to different scientific requirements. A representative data set of 16-bit integer astronomical images produced by telescopes from all around the world has been employed to empirically assess its compression-fidelity trade-offs, and compare them to those of the de facto standard Fpack compressor. In these experiments, the widespread SExtractor software is employed as the ground truth for photometric analysis. Results indicate that after lossy compression with our proposed method, the decompressed data allows consistent detection of over 99% of all astronomical objects for all tested telescopes, maintaining the highest photometric fidelity (as compared to state of the art lossy techniques). When compared to the best configuration of Fpack (Hcompress lossy using 1 quantization parameter) at similar compression rates, our proposed method provides better photometry precision: 7.15% more objects are detected with magnitude errors below 0.01, and 9.13% more objects with magnitudes below SExtractor’s estimated measurement error. Compared to the best lossless compression results, the proposed pipeline allows us to reduce the compressed data set volume by up to 38.75% and 27.94% while maintaining 90% and 95%, respectively, of the detected objects with magnitude differences lower than 0.01 mag; and up to 18.93% while maintaining 90% of the detected objects with magnitude differences lower than the photometric measure error.
Design and evaluation of UKRI-MPW0: a monolithic HV-CMOS pixel sensor with backside biasing
Authors: Zhang C. , Hammerich J. , Powell S. , Vilella E. , Wade B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) pixel sensor technology is the
most promising route for achieving thin, monolithic pixel detectors
with excellent radiation tolerance, as required by future tracking
applications in physics experiments, such as the High Luminosity
LHC. This paper introduces a U.K. Research and Innovation funded
Multi-Project Wafer prototype chip UKRI-MPW0, which is an HV-CMOS
pixel sensor designed to push the performance parameters of these
detectors. Having a novel sensor cross-section optimised for
backside biasing to unprecedented high voltages, UKRI-MPW0
demonstrates the capability to withstand bias voltages of up to
600 V, surpassing the current state-of-the-art and promising
enhanced radiation tolerance. The paper provides a detailed
description of the design and performance evaluation results of
UKRI-MPW0.
Study of charging-up of PCB planes for neutrino experiment readout
Authors: Baibussinov B. , Bettini M. , Fabris F. , Guglielmi A. , Marchini S. , Meng G. , Nicoletto M. , Pietropaolo F. , Rampazzo G. , Triozzi R. , Varanini F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The use of double-faced, metallized, perforated PCB planes,
segmented into strips for the anodic read-out of ionization signals
in liquid argon TPCs, is emerging as a promising technology for
charge readout in liquid argon TPCs used in large volume
detectors.As a proof of concept, a prototype liquid Argon TPC
hosting this new anode configuration based on single side perforated
PCB planes has been constructed and exposed to cosmic rays at LNL in
Italy. Tests were performed with both the metallized and insulating
sides of the anode facing the drift volume, providing the first
evidence of the focusing effect on drift electron trajectories
through the PCB holes due to charge accumulation on the insulator
surface.
Study on background full simulation and implementation for Super Tau-Charm Facility
Authors: Fang Zhujun , Pei Yupeng , Shi Huangchao , Peng Haiping , Liu Jianbei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Super Tau-Charm Facility is a new generation high
luminosity electron-positron collider designed to operate in the
tau-charm energy region. With the designed peak luminosity of at
least 0.5 × 1035 cm-2s-1, the background full simulation and implementation
would be an important part in the detector study. Based on Offline
Software of Super Tau-Charm Facility, the software platform for
STCF, the spectrometer structure modeling, simulation for both
luminosity-related and beam-related background sources, the random
mixing algorithm of signal and background are carried out. The
simulation result indicates that the highest TID in STCF detector is
4700 Gy/y, the highest NIEL damage is below
1011
1 MeV neutron·cm-2y-1 except MDC, and the highest
SEEs is below
2 kHz/cm2. The cross check with FLUKA also indicates a similar
magnitude for both the TID and NIEL damage simulation result, except
MDC NIEL damage due to the (n, p) reaction was not considered in
FLUKA. The highest background total count rate is hundreds of MHz
for most of detectors, the highest count rate per channel is
approximately 720 kHz/channel in ITKW and 580 kHz/channel in
ECAL. This work presents a systematic background evaluation route
based on GEANT4, which is easy to combine with the further detector
performance study. These simulation results indicate that all the
systems can tolerate the background with the newly developed
detector and electronics technologies. Moreover, the further
optimization of STCF lattice design, the shield in MDI and detector
systems are still required to suppress the background to an even
lower level for a better detector performance. Meanwhile, the
physics signal can be well mixed with the randomly sampled
background data at the level of GEANT4 steps, aiming to simulate the
realistic situation of the detector and providing necessary database
for detector performance optimization and physics study.
Characterizing novel Indium Phosphide pad detectors with focused X-ray beams and laboratory tests
Authors: Almazan E.R. , Affolder A. , Dyckes I. , Fadeyev V. , Hance M. , Jadhav M. , Kim S. , McCoy T. , Metcalfe J. , Nielsen J. , Ott J. , Poley L. , Shin T.(K.-W.) , Sperlich D. , Sumant A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Future tracking systems in High Energy Physics experiments
will require large instrumented areas with low radiation length.
Crystalline silicon sensors have been used in tracking systems for
decades, but are difficult to manufacture and costly to produce for
large areas. We are exploring alternative sensor materials that are
amenable to fast fabrication techniques used for thin film
devices. Indium Phosphide pad sensors were fabricated at Argonne
National Lab using commercially available InP:Fe 2-inch mono-crystal
substrates. Current-voltage and capacitance-voltage
characterizations were performed to study the basic operating
characteristics of a group of sensors. Micro-focused X-ray beams at
Canadian Light Source and Diamond Light Source were used to study
the response to ionizing radiation, and characterize the uniformity
of the response for several devices. Electrical test results showed
a high degree of performance uniformity between the 48 tested
devices. X-ray test beam results showed good performance uniformity
within tested devices after accounting for spatially-local defects
and edge fields. This motivates further studies into thin film
devices for future tracking detectors.
Co-benefits in carbon reduction from freight mode shifts under China’s ‘Clean Air Action’
Authors: Liu Lina , Liu Yifan , Zhu Yijing , Mommens Koen , Wang Haikun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
China’s air pollution mitigation policy promotes the shift of bulk cargo transportation from roadways to railways and waterways, which might also influence carbon emissions. In this study, we developed a novel emissions assessment framework encompassing three truck types, rail, and waterways at the provincial level. Using counterfactual scenarios during the ‘Clean Air Action’ (2013–2020), we quantitatively examined the co-benefits of freight mode shifts on mitigating CO2 and air pollutant emissions. Our findings indicate that nearly 6.4 Mt of CO2 emissions in the freight sector, equivalent to 2.4% of the total anthropogenic emissions (266.8 Mt, 95% CI: 192.1-320.0) in 2020, are avoided in China. Medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks contribute the most to this reduction over different phases. Rail transportation acted as the most effective mode for simultaneous emissions mitigation. However, while co-reductions are observed in HC (hydrocarbon, 3.9 Kt), CO (carbon monoxide, 83.6 Kt), and NO
x
(nitrogen oxides, 158.6 Kt) emissions, PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ⩽2.5 μm) emissions increased slightly due to increased share of the waterway freight. More than 80% of provinces in China benefited from freight mode shifts in carbon reductions during the second phase (2017–2020) due to the ambitious goals. To enhance freight mode shifts’ co-benefit, attention should emphasize controlling waterway emissions, expanding railway capacity, and optimizing energy structures. These strategies will amplify policy impact on reducing air pollutant emissions from freight transport and contribute to China’s journey towards carbon neutrality.
A novel index for depicting ENSO transition with application in ENSO-East Asian summer monsoon relationship
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Yang Song , Fang Xianghui , Lin Shuheng , Pérez-Carrasquilla Jhayron S , Cai Fenying , Chen Weizhen , Wu Jia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) transition on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during post-ENSO summer has been investigated widely, but how to quantify ENSO transition precisely is still a challenge. This study proposes a new index to quantify ENSO transition based on the intensity of the spring persistence barrier. After validation through the key processes that influence ENSO transition, the index could be further validated by investigating the relationship between transitive/persistent ENSO events and the EASM. For the transitive ENSO events, the cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the central Pacific during post-ENSO summer strengthens the anticyclone over the western Pacific and the EASM by reinforcing the Walker circulation and the local Hadley circulation. In contrast, during the persistent ENSO events, the prolonged warm SST anomaly in the central Pacific exerts a relatively weaker impact on the EASM due to a less robust atmospheric response over the western Pacific.
Two decades of aerosol trends over India: seasonal characteristics and urban-rural dynamics
Authors: Namdeo Prathmesh , Chakraborty TC , Chakraborty Abhishek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
India faces significant air quality challenges, with one of the highest air pollution levels of any country in the world. Here, we examine two decades (2001–2019) of both particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the country. Increases are seen between the two decadal averages, for 2001–2010 and 2011–2019, in western India, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). IGP region, including Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh, shows the highest increases in AOD (+0.03, 13%) and PM2.5, s (+8 µg m−3). Seasonal AOD patterns fluctuate, with the IGP experiencing the highest wintertime increase, especially in Bihar (+0.07). In summer, there are increases in AOD along the southern and eastern coastal areas. Monsoons cause a slight rise in AOD, except in Rajasthan. In the post-monsoon season, the IGP experiences a notable increase in AOD (+0.057, 25%), potentially driven by biomass burning in Bihar (+0.11) and Uttar Pradesh (+0.075). Dividing our study area into urban and peri-urban clusters (n = 2791), AOD is found to be similar, possibly due to advective mixing. However, the differences between urban and rural areas become more noticeable, especially in the second decade. Correlations between AOD and PM2.5, g vary across locations, with the highest found in Kanpur (R
2 = 0.61) and weaker in Delhi (R
2 = 0.42), highlighting the need for more ground monitoring. However, it suggests that satellite-derived AOD can generally be used to examine trends in PM2.5 over longer time frames.
Are rootzone soil moisture dynamics and thresholds associated with surface layer?
Authors: Paul Sandipan , Feldman Andrew F , Karthikeyan L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The identification of evapotranspiration regimes, primarily the water-limited and energy-limited regimes, separated by the critical soil moisture (CSM) threshold, is fundamental to analyzing land–atmosphere interactions. To better understand the soil moisture (SM) dynamics happening synchronously in the soil column, we aim to estimate the rootzone (0–28 cm and 0–100 cm) CSM thresholds and associated regimes at a global scale, which was not previously attempted. We propose the use of the covariability of soil diurnal temperature amplitude (derived from the GLDAS) and SM (ERA5) to estimate the CSM, which overcomes the data uncertainty and multivariate dependencies of traditional methods. We find that transitional climatic regions, encompassing the western USA, Brazilian savanna, Sahelian grassland, South African savanna, peninsular India, and Mediterranean region, are global hotspots of frequent rootzone regime shifting with significant seasonality—the wet regime prevails in the fall season, while the dry regime takes over at other times of the year. The CSM values of 0–28 cm and 0–100 cm layers are mostly in the 0.2–0.35 and 0.25–0.4 m3m−3 range, respectively. We find that landscape aridity and bioclimatic characteristics primarily determine the spatial distribution of CSM and associated regimes. Furthermore, we investigate the hydrological link between the surface and rootzone layers. We note that the rootzone and surface CSM and regimes are strongly correlated, although the 0–28 cm layer indicates a relatively stronger connection compared to the 0–100 cm layer. The shallower (deeper) rootzone layer shows regimes similar to those on the surface for more than 80% (65%–80%) of the time. We observe that the strength of association between surface and rootzone regimes increases from arid (herbaceous vegetated regions) to humid (woody) regions and during wet to dry seasons. Overall, a strong association in regime dynamics between surface and subsurface layers suggests the potential applicability of remotely sensed surface SM as a surrogate to study rootzone regime responsiveness to soil–plant–atmosphere interactions.
Non-existence of causal, standard classical electrodynamics with point charged particle
Authors: Zin Paweł 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The existence of consistent, standard and causal theory of point charged particle (for example electron) interacting with electromagnetic field was the subject of many investigations. This problem is often stated as the description of the system of electromagnetic pulse of radiation interacting with single point charged particle (for example electron). The correct theory should give the causal particle trajectory for any electromagnetic pulse of radiation. Up to now no such theory was formulated. We show that for certain electromagnetic pulse of radiation and point particle being initially at rest, there does not exist a causal and physical particle trajectory that satisfies energy and momentum conservation. This shows that the causal, standard electrodynamics of scalar point particles, valid for all possible external pulses, does not exist.
Symmetric group gauge theories and simple gauge/string dualities
Authors: Benizri Lior , Troost Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study two-dimensional topological gauge theories with gauge group equal to the symmetric group Sn
and their string theory duals. The simplest such theory is the topological quantum field theory of principal Sn
fiber bundles. Its correlators are equal to Hurwitz numbers. The operator products in the gauge theory for each finite value of n are coded in one partial permutation algebra. We propose a generalization of the partial permutation algebra to the symmetric orbifold topological quantum field theory of any seed theory and show that the theory factorizes into marked partial permutation combinatorics and seed Frobenius algebra properties. Moreover, we exploit the established correspondence between Hurwitz theory and the stationary sector of Gromov–Witten theory on the sphere to prove an exact gauge/string duality. The relevant field theory is a grand canonical version of Hurwitz theory and its two-point functions are obtained by summing over all values of the instanton degree of the maps covering the sphere. We stress that one must look for a multiplicative basis on the boundary to match the bulk operator algebra of single string insertions. The relevant boundary observables are completed cycles.