bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Surface Disease and Glaucoma Medications: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Vadoothker Saujanya , Munir Wuqaas M. , Saeedi Osamah 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
Ocular surface disease frequently coexists with glaucoma and may be initiated or exacerbated by topical glaucoma medications. We performed a review of current literature to assess the prevalence, causes, and treatment of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients, specifically those on topical therapy.

Methods:
A Pubmed database search was conducted. A total of 720 articles published from 1972 to 2018 were found in relation with ocular surface disease, glaucoma, and glaucoma medications. Of these, 102 articles were included in this analysis. We included primary and empirical studies for patients on topical glaucoma medications. Exclusion criteria included case reports, non-English studies, and articles unrelated to the primary subject of this review.

Results:
Ocular surface disease among normal and glaucomatous eyes was evaluated based on diagnostic testing including clinical examination and questionnaires to determine visual function and quality of life. Glaucoma medications can be associated with toxicities to the ocular surface, most often due to the nature of the preservative included in the medication; however, the incidence of toxicity can be mitigated by the use of preservative free medications, decreased preservative medications, or treatment of dry eye disease. Treatment of glaucoma with laser trabeculoplasty or minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries that spare the conjunctiva and the cornea may avoid or decrease reliance on topical glaucoma medications, potentially avoiding the initiation or progression of ocular surface disease.

Conclusions:
Recognition and treatment of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients may improve patient quality of life and medication adherence. This may ultimately improve glaucoma treatment outcomes.
Escalator Injuries in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Cirilli Andrea , Schera Laura 
Published: September 2018

Introduction There has been an increase in the number of children with escalator-related foot injuries. Lim et al. (2010) reviewed the charts of 17 children who sustained escalator foot injuries within a 2-year time span, 13 of them were wearing rubber clogs. Nine of these 13 children sustained severe foot injuries, and one child had an unsalvageable traumatic amputation. The injuries included a traumatic amputation of the great toe and others with fractures, lacerations, and cuts. This abstract and poster is a case study of an escalator injury. Methods: This is a case study of a 7-year-old, Spanish-speaking boy who sustained a right foot traumatic amputation after getting it caught in a moving escalator. He presented to a Level I pediatric trauma center in an urban setting where he was brought emergently to the operating room and admitted under the trauma service. This case study reviews the hospital course including surgical procedures, postoperative care, complications, and outcomes. Result Escalator-related traumatic amputations result in severe tissue-mangling injuries that require multiple trips to the operating room and interdisciplinary collaboration. Educating parents and caregivers on escalator safety can help prevent injures and hospitalizations. Conclusion The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has published a general interest in safety brochure on escalator injuries; however, it has not reconsidered mandatory standards (accessed on November 11, 2016). By enforcing safety behaviors within the community, there is a potential decrease in the incidence of injuries and, subsequently, hospitalizations.
Mitochondrial disease genetics update: recent insights into the molecular diagnosis and expanding phenotype of primary mitochondrial disease
Authors: McCormick Elizabeth M. , Zolkipli-Cunningham Zarazuela , Falk Marni J. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose of review
Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) is a genetically and phenotypically diverse group of inherited energy deficiency disorders caused by impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. Mutations in more than 350 genes in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are now recognized to cause primary mitochondrial disease following every inheritance pattern. Next-generation sequencing technologies have dramatically accelerated mitochondrial disease gene discovery and diagnostic yield. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of recently identified, novel mitochondrial disease genes and/or pathogenic variants that directly impair mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and/or function.

Recent findings
A review of PubMed publications was performed from the past 12 months that identified 16 new PMD genes and/or pathogenic variants, and recognition of expanded phenotypes for a wide variety of mitochondrial disease genes.

Summary
Broad-based exome sequencing has become the standard first-line diagnostic approach for PMD. This has facilitated more rapid and accurate disease identification, and greatly expanded understanding of the wide spectrum of potential clinical phenotypes. A comprehensive dual-genome sequencing approach to PMD diagnosis continues to improve diagnostic yield, advance understanding of mitochondrial physiology, and provide strong potential to develop precision therapeutics targeted to diverse aspects of mitochondrial disease pathophysiology.
Challenges and opportunities for effective delivery of clinical genetic services in the U.S. healthcare system
Authors: Flannery David B. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose of review
Demand for clinical genetics and genomics services is increasing. As discussed in this study, the clinical genetics and genomics workforce is small. How to meet the demand with a limited workforce requires innovation.

Recent findings
Background data regarding the current state of clinical genetic services including volume of services and make-up of the clinical genetics workforce are presented. The study then identifies opportunities to increase access to clinical genetic service providers using new models of service and discusses examples of solutions which have been implemented in some practice settings. Creative uses of technology to increase providers’ efficiency are highlighted.

Summary
Clinical genetics service providers need to rise to the occasion and lead the transformation of clinical genetic service delivery. Many of the examples of solutions described in the study can be implemented by other providers now. Additionally, the described solutions may serve to inspire genetic providers to create their own new solutions, which should then be shared with the provider community.
Role of Radiological Imaging in the Diagnosis and Characterization of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Authors: Mohamed Eyas , Jackson Richard , Halloran Christopher M. , Ghaneh Paula 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The evidence on the ability of radiological tests to predict a specific diagnosis and also their aptitude in identifying pathological markers indicative of malignancy in cystic lesions of the pancreas remains inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review on MEDLINE for the use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in the diagnosis and characterization of these cysts. The accuracy of CT scan for reaching a specific diagnosis was 39% to 61.4%, whereas its accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 61.9% to 80%. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a better accuracy in identifying a specific diagnosis of 50% to 86%, whereas its accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 55.6% to 87%. The use of magnetic resonance imaging was superior to CT scan in identifying septations, mural nodules, and ductal communication. The sensitivity of PET/CT in diagnosing malignancy was 85.7% to 100% with a reported accuracy of 88% to 95%. The evidence gathered from this review suggests that the adequacy of CT imaging in full characterization of pancreatic cysts is suboptimal, and therefore a low threshold for supplementary imaging is advised. The use of PET/CT should be considered in high-risk patients with equivocal findings.
Concurrent Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Hospital Roommates
Authors: Cohen Bevin , Spirito Christopher M. , Liu Jianfang , Cato Kenrick D. , Larson Elaine 
Published: September 2018

Background
Some nurse-driven interventions have successfully reduced rates of healthcare-associated infections, though incidence remains unacceptably high. Bacterial contamination in patient rooms may be a source of exposure for patients and thus a target for future interventions; however, few studies have investigated the role of the patient room on organism acquisition.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of concurrent detection of bacterial pathogens among patients sharing a hospital room.

Methods
We performed a retrospective network analysis using electronic administrative and clinical data collected from all patients admitted in 2006 through 2012 to four New York City hospitals, totaling 2,065 beds within 183 inpatient units. A computerized algorithm identified concurrent organism detection among roommates, defined as two patients who shared a room on at least 1 day and had a first positive culture for the same organism within 3 days following cohabitation.

Results
In total, 741,271 patient admissions were included. The algorithm identified 373 concurrent detection events: 158 (42%) in which the patients’ first positive cultures were drawn after they were no longer sharing a room but within 3 days of cohabitation, 144 (39%) in which the patients’ first positive cultures were drawn while they were still sharing a room but on different days, and 71 (19%) in which the patients’ first positive cultures were drawn while they were sharing a room on the same day.

Discussion
Methods to improve environmental decontamination should be included as part of a comprehensive approach to infection prevention in hospitals. Nurses have an important role to play in the planning and implementation of interventions to reduce bioburden in the patient environment.
Safety of Tranexamic Acid During Pediatric Trauma: A Nationwide Database Study*
Authors: Maeda Takuma , Michihata Nobuaki , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Matsui Hiroki , Ohnishi Yoshihiko , Miyata Shigeki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
The present study aimed to examine the association between tranexamic acid use and adverse effects (seizures, thromboembolism, and renal dysfunction) in a pediatric trauma population using a national inpatient database in Japan. We also assessed the association between tranexamic acid use and in-hospital mortality.

Design:
A nationwide, retrospective cohort study using propensity score analyses.

Setting:
Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database.

Patients:
Pediatric patients less than or equal to 12 years old admitted in hospital with the diagnosis of trauma between July 2010 and March 2014 (n = 61,779).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Propensity score matching created 1,914 pairs of patients with and without tranexamic acid administration. Propensity-matched analysis showed that the proportion of seizures was significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the nontranexamic acid group (7/1,914, 0.37% vs 0/1,914, 0%; difference, 0.37%; 95% CI, 0.10–0.64; p = 0.008). However, none of the other outcomes were significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions:
Tranexamic acid use is associated with a significantly increased risk of seizures. However, no difference exists among any other outcomes between the tranexamic acid and nontranexamic acid groups.
Radioaerosol Imaging Predicts the Utility of Aerosolized Antifungal Therapy in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Rodriguez Karen , Siegel Alan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A 10-year-old girl with a history of complicated cystic fibrosis was hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbation with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe right upper lobe bronchiectasis diagnosed with chest radiograph and CT. She was started on itraconazole during the hospitalization in attempt to decrease her systemic steroid dose, but she had ongoing coughing and wheezing. The possibility was raised that the right upper lobe bronchiectasis may be a nidus for ongoing aspergillosis. Radioaerosol imaging was performed to determine whether the aerosolized antifungals would reach the area of bronchiectasis.
The Influence of Donor to Recipient Size Matching on Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Arshad Adam , Hodson James , Chappelow Imogen , Nath Jay , Sharif Adnan 
Published: September 2018

Background
Nephron endowment in renal transplantation is infrequently considered, but may have important implications for post kidney transplantation outcomes. In this population-cohort study, we analyzed the deceased-donor kidney transplant outcomes stratified by donor-to-recipient size ratios.

Methods
Data for all deceased-donor adult kidney transplantation recipients between 2003 and 2015 were extracted from the UK Transplant Registry. We used weight as a surrogate marker for kidney size and defined the following mismatch categories (donor weight/recipient weight × 100): less than 75% (small donor kidney), 75% to 125% (weight matched kidney), and greater than 125% (large donor kidney). Univariable and multivariable analyses were undertaken to assess the relationship between this marker and patient outcomes.

Results
Outcomes for 11 720 transplants were analyzed with weight mismatch stratified as follows; small donor kidney (n = 1608, 13.7%), weight matched kidney (n = 7247, 61.8%) and large donor kidney (n = 2865, 24.4%). On multivariable analysis, no significant differences were detected in overall (P = 0.876) or death-censored (P = 0.173) graft survival, or in rates of delayed graft function (P = 0.396) between these 3 groups. However, 12-month creatinine levels were found to decline progressively across the groups (P < 0.001), with adjusted averages of 144.2 μmol/L for recipients of small donor kidneys, 134.7 μmol/L in weight matched kidneys, and 124.9 μmol/L in recipients of large donor kidneys. In addition, patient survival was found to be significantly shorter in recipients of larger kidneys than those with weight matched kidneys (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.40; P = 0.009), which is inconsistent with the existing literature.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that 12-month creatinine is influenced by donor-to-recipient difference in body weight, but that no such difference is observed for either delayed graft function or death-censored graft survival. However, we observed increased mortality in recipients receiving larger kidneys; an observation which conflicts with the existing literature and warrants further investigation.
Australia and New Zealand Islets and Pancreas Transplant Registry Annual Report 2018—Pancreas Waiting List, Recipients, and Donors
Authors: Webster Angela C. , Hedley James , Robertson Paul , Mulley William R. , Pilmore Helen L. , Pleass Henry , Kelly Patrick J. 
Published: September 2018

Background
This is a synopsis of the registry report from the Australia and New Zealand islet and pancreas transplant registry. The full report is available at http://anziptr.org/reports/.

Methods
We report data for all solid organ pancreas transplant activity from inception in 1984 to end 2017. Islet-cell transplantation activity is reported elsewhere. Data analysis was performed using Stata software version 14 (StataCorp, College Station, TX).

Results
From 1984 to 2017 a total of 809 solid organ pancreas transplants have been performed in Australia and New Zealand, in 790 individuals. In 2017, 52 people received a pancreas transplant. By center, this was; Auckland (4), Monash (17), and Westmead (31). In 2017, 51 transplants were simultaneous pancreas kidney, whereas 1 was pancreas after kidney, and none were pancreas transplant alone.

Conclusions
The number of pancreas transplants performed in Australia and New Zealand was slightly lower in 2017 but continues to increase over time.
Analysis of Biological Record Data: Improvements of the Occupancy–Detection Models
Authors: Li Shiyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany indicators are used to monitor the progress of the target which aims to stop the biodiversity loss by 2020. However, the occupancy-detection model which is currently applied to calculate the indicator is biased. Hence, more robust models are required to track the trend of the species precisely. This research first reviews the previous works on improving this occupancy-detection model by changing the prior distributions of one of the quantities and of the models considered previously, a model based on a random walk is found to be the most appropriate although it has some potential deficiencies. Then this research provides some potential improvements of the random walk model by changing the way of modelling the prior distributions of each quantity and changing the model structure. Then the hoverflies datasets are used in this research to analyse the performance of the models. These models are compared by the running times of fitting the models and the plots of the trend of the species of all models. As a result, the categorical list length model is considered to be the most precise model among all models with a reasonable running time. Then, we fit this model with a large dataset, however, it takes a long running time to get the result. Finally, some potential improvements are suggested which may be useful for further research.
Detection ofWolbachiain Field-Collected Mosquito Vector,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Carvajal Thaddeus M. , Hashimoto Kazuki , Harnandika Reza Kurniawan , Amalin Divina M , Watanabe Kozo 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIt was the impression from past literature thatWolbachiais not naturally found inAe. aegypti. However, there are have been reports that recently reveals the presence of this endosymbiont in this mosquito vector. With this, our study presents additional support ofWolbachiainfection inAe. aegyptiby screening field-collected adult mosquitoes usingWolbachiaspecific 16S rDNA and its surface protein (wsp) makers under optimized PCR conditions. From a total of 672Ae. aegpytiadult mosquito samples collected in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, 113 (16.8%) and 89 (13.2%) individual mosquito samples were determined to beWolbachiainfected using thewspand 16S rDNA markers, respectively. TheAe. aegpyti wspsample sequences were similar or identical to five knownWolbachiastrains belonging to supergroups A or B while majority of 16S rDNA sample sequences were similar to strains belonging to supergroup B. Overall, 80 (11.90%) individual mosquito samples revealed to show positive amplifications in both markers and 69.0% showed congruence in supergroup identification (supergroup B). Our findings illustrate that the infection status ofWolbachiainAe. aegyptimay appear common than previously recognized.
Fine-grained mapping of cortical somatotopies in chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Mancini Flavia , Wang Audrey P , Schira Mark M. , Isherwood Zoey J. , McAuley James H. , Iannetti Giandomenico D , Sereno Martin I. , Moseley G. Lorimer , Rae Caroline D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt has long been thought that severe chronic pain conditions, such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), are not only associated with, but even maintained by a reorganisation of the somatotopic representation of the affected limb in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). This notion has driven treatments that aim to restore S1 representations, such as sensory discrimination training and mirror therapy. However, this notion is based on both indirect and incomplete evidence obtained with imaging methods with low spatial resolution. Here, we used functional MRI to characterize the S1 representation of the affected and unaffected hand in patients with unilateral CRPS. At the group level, the cortical area, location, and geometry of the S1 representation of the CRPS hand were largely comparable to those of the healthy hand and controls. However, the area of the map of the affected hand was modulated by disease duration (the smaller the map, the more chronic the CRPS), but not by pain intensity, pain sensitivity and severity of the physical disability. Thus, if any map reorganization occurs, it does not appear to be directly related to our pain measures. These findings compel us to reconsider the cortical mechanisms underlying CRPS and the rationale for interventions that aim to “restore” somatotopic representations to treat pain.Significance statementThis study shows that the spatial map of the fingers in S1 is largely preserved in chronic CRPS. Shrinkage of the area of the affected hand map can occur in the most chronic stages of disease. Map shrinkage is related to CRPS duration rather than diagnosis, and is unrelated to how much pain patients experience or to the severity of the physical disability. These findings challenge the rationale for using sensory interventions to treat pain by restoring somatotopic representations in CRPS patients.
Late-life mortality plateaus through error, not evolution
Authors: Newman Saul Justin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study highlights how the mortality plateau in Barbi et al. [1] can be generated by low frequency, randomly distributed age misreporting errors. Furthermore, sensitivity of the late-life mortality plateau in Barbi et al. [1] to the particular age range selected for regression is illustrated. Collectively, the simulation of age misreporting errors in late-life human mortality data and a less specific model choice than that of Barbi et al. [1] highlight a clear alternative hypothesis to the cessation of ageing.
The novel lncRNA lnc-NR2F1 is pro-neurogenic and mutated in human neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Ang Cheen Euong , Ma Qing , Wapinski Orly L. , Fan Shenghua , Flynn Ryan A. , Coe Bradley , Onoguchi Masahiro , Olmos Victor H. , Do Brian T. , Dukes-Rimsky Lynn , Xu Jin , Lee Qian Yi , Tanabe Koji , Wang Liangjiang , Elling Ulrich , Penninger Josef , Qu Kun , Eichler Evan E. , Srivastava Anand , Wernig Marius , Chang Howard Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to act as important cell biological regulators including cell fate decisions but are often ignored in human genetics. Combining differential lncRNA expression during neuronal lineage induction with copy number variation morbidity maps of a cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability versus healthy controls revealed focal genomic mutations affecting several lncRNA candidate loci. Here we find that a t(5:12) chromosomal translocation in a family manifesting neurodevelopmental symptoms disrupts specifically lnc-NR2F1. We further show that lnc-NR2F1 is an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA functionally enhances induced neuronal cell maturation and directly occupies and regulates transcription of neuronal genes including autism-associated genes. Thus, integrating human genetics and functional testing in neuronal lineage induction is a promising approach for discovering candidate lncRNAs involved in neurodevelopmental diseases.