bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AAMC Standardized Video Interview: Reactions and Use by Residency Programs During the 2018 Application Cycle
Authors: Gallahue Fiona E. , Hiller Katherine M. , Bird Steven B. , Calderone Haas Mary Rose , Deiorio Nicole M. , Hern H. Gene , Jarou Zachary J. , Pierce Ava , Geiger Thomas , Fletcher Laura 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
To evaluate how emergency medicine residency programs perceived and used Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Standardized Video Interview (SVI) total scores and videos during the Electronic Residency Application Service 2018 cycle.

Method
Study 1 (November 2017) used a program director survey to evaluate user reactions to the SVI following the first year of operational use. Study 2 (January 2018) analyzed program usage of SVI video responses using data collected through the AAMC Program Director’s Workstation.

Results
Results from the survey (125/175 programs; 71% response rate) and video usage analysis suggested programs viewed videos out of curiosity and to understand the range of SVI total scores. Programs were more likely to view videos for attendees of U.S. MD-granting medical schools and applicants with higher United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores, but there were no differences by gender or race/ethnicity. More than half of programs that did not use SVI total scores in their selection processes were unsure of how to incorporate them (36/58; 62%) and wanted additional research on utility (33/58; 57%). More than half of programs indicated being at least somewhat likely to use SVI total scores (55/97; 57%) and videos (52/99; 53%) in the future.

Conclusions
Program reactions on the utility and ease of use of SVI total scores were mixed. Survey results indicate programs used the SVI cautiously in their selection processes, consistent with AAMC recommendations. Future user surveys will help the AAMC gauge improvements in user acceptance and familiarity with the SVI.
Multimethod Formative Research to Improve the Training and Delivery of Tobacco-cessation Interventions in Behavioral Health Settings
Authors: Allen Alicia Marie , Muramoto Myra L. , Campbell Jean , Connolly Timothy E. , McGuffin Beverly A. , Bernstein Andrew D. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Despite progress in reducing tobacco use within the general population, high prevalence of tobacco use continues in individuals with mental health and substance use disorders (“clients”). Tobacco use persists as the leading cause of premature mortality in this population. While behavioral health providers have frequent contacts with this population, they lack training in tobacco cessation counseling.

Methods:
We conducted multimethod formative data collection consisting of key informant interviews with providers, field observations at clinical sites, and structured group interviews with behavioral health providers, and, separately, clients. Activities were conducted at 4 behavioral health agencies with 9 behavioral health clinic sites in southern Arizona. Recurring phrases and level of repetition were quantified to identify themes. These themes were then used to adapt the method of training delivery and revise the curriculum content for providers at the participating sites.

Results:
Results indicated that providers had “training fatigue” and low satisfaction with multiple, online trainings. Further, providers noted issues including time constraints, competing clinical priorities, and low access to tobacco-cessation materials. Clients demonstrated high self-awareness around the importance of quitting smoking and professed frustration at being unable to quit, despite multiple attempts. Finally, both providers and clients agreed that a personal, supportive approach to cessation counseling was preferred.

Conclusions:
Using results from this formative research to revise delivery and content of existing smoking-cessation training for behavioral health providers may address barriers to assisting clients with smoking cessation. Additional research to determine the efficacy of the adapted training is needed.
WHO Surgical Checklist in Dermatology: Compliance, Barriers, and Attitudes
Authors: Tian Tina M. , Bray Adam P.J.J. , Bogucki Pawel , Myers Lynne , de Berker David 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) surgical checklist is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Efficacy correlates with compliance.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to (1) establish completion rate and (2) identify and address barriers to use.

METHODS
Records of patients undergoing dermatological surgery were studied. Staff completed attitude and barriers questionnaires. Checklist process was modified, and use was reassessed twice.

RESULTS
Cycle 1 involved 217 subjects; 72% had excisions. Thirteen percent had surgery to multiple sites. Five percent of checklists were fully completed, with an average of 76% of available points per checklist marked as checked. The lowest single field use included “patient identity” (76%) and “surgical site” (72%). Questionnaire responses from 25 staff showed the checklist to be “important” and “relevant” in dermatology; key barrier to completion was lack of time. Checklist modifications and educational sessions were undertaken; checklist use was reassessed twice more with 103 and 134 patients. Average use increased to 96% and 98%; full completion increased to 71% and 70%; “surgical site” and “identity” completion increased to 100%.

CONCLUSION
The WHO checklist is relevant and important in dermatology. Introduction must be supported by repeated training sessions. Adequate time and training can significantly improve checklist completion and patient safety.
Radiofrequency Therapy and Noncosmetic Cutaneous Conditions
Authors: Ekelem Chloe , Thomas Logan , Van Hal Michele , Valdebran Manuel , Lotfizadeh Ali , Mlynek Karolina , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
The need for noninvasive methods in treatment of cutaneous disease has continued to evolve exponentially. Amidst the search for technologies, radiofrequency (RF) has proven efficacious in numerous skin disease processes. Although RF is well known for its cosmetic utility, its mechanism is valued in the treatment of many noncosmetic cutaneous conditions of various etiologies.

OBJECTIVE
To identify and describe studies in which RF was used to treat noncosmetic skin conditions and to explore the potential of this modality for further application in dermatologic diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The PubMed database was used to find relevant articles.

RESULTS
This search strategy yielded 54 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Noncosmetic indications discussed in these articles include varicose veins (n = 10,550), lymphangioma circumscriptum (n = 72), cutaneous neoplasms (n = 42), cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 743), acne and acne scarring (n = 158), non–acne scarring (n = 43), primary axillary hyperhidrosis (n = 76), and acute and chronic wounds (n = 94).

CONCLUSION
Treatment with RF is an effective, generally noninvasive modality with a relatively short postprocedure recovery time and little potential for severe adverse effects in the treatment of several cutaneous conditions. Further clinical studies would prove useful to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this treatment.
An Overview of Analytical Methods for in Vitro Bioassay of Actinides
Authors: Thakur P. , Ward A.L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The bioassay of urine and fecal samples has been used since the 1940s to determine an individual’s uptake of uranium and actinide elements such as americium and plutonium. Over the years, several analytical separation methods and techniques have been employed for these types of analyses. Analytical separations, ranging from solvent extraction and anion exchange to chromatography, and analytical techniques, ranging from autoradiography to kinetic phosphorescence to fission-track analysis and high-resolution solid-state alpha spectroscopy, have been used at one time or another. Over the last few decades, there have been significant advances in radiochemical separations, as well as an increased use of mass spectroscopy, to determine trace and ultratrace levels of actinides in urine and fecal samples. This review summarizes and discusses developments in radiochemical separation methods and advancements in analytical techniques for actinide bioassay since the early 1940s to the present, followed by a recent development and trend in the bioassay of actinides—particularly in urine and fecal samples.
Determination of Whole-Body and Lens Dose Conversion Factors for Japanese Field Mice, Apodemus Speciosus
Authors: Perri Brian J. , Johnson Thomas E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The 11 March 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan resulted in widespread radioactive contamination within the 20 km evacuation zone. Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) living within the contaminated region received radiation doses from external environmental contamination as well as internally deposited radionuclides. Cataract formation in the lens of eyes of these mice is a possible deterministic effect of ionizing radiation; however, determination of actual doses is difficult. Since no dose conversion factors currently exist for the lens of the eyes of Japanese field mice, lens dose conversion factors were created using a Monte Carlo N-Particle simulation and compared to the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 108 reference rat whole-body dose conversion factors. Monte Carlo N-Particle simulations included doses to the lens of the eyes from external sources (received while both above and below ground), as well as doses from internal contamination. Although the Publication 108 reference rat is almost twice the average mass of the Japanese field mouse, all dose conversion factor calculations using Monte Carlo N-Particle methods were within approximately 37% of the Publication 108 values for the reference rat.
COMPARISON OF VISUAL/ANATOMICAL OUTCOMES AND RECURRENCE RATE BETWEEN ORAL SPIRONOLACTONE AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR NONRESOLVING CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Kim Dong Yoon , Lee Jong Young , Lee Eun Kyoung , Kim Jin Young 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To compare long-term visual/anatomical outcomes and recurrence rate between oral spironolactone (SPRL) treatment and half-dose photodynamic therapy for nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
This retrospective, interventional, comparative study included 50 nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy patients who had exhibited subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulation for >3 months. Of the 50 patients, 26 (26 eyes) received oral SPRL treatment and 24 (24 eyes) received half-dose photodynamic therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, SRF height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were compared between groups at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment by using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results:
After treatment, best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, and SRF height significantly improved in both groups, compared with baseline. There were no significant differences in best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, or SRF height between the two groups, with the exception of 3 and 12 months of follow-up for central subfield thickness (P = 0.016 and P = 0.028, respectively) and 3 months of follow-up for SRF height (P = 0.039). However, recurrence was more likely to occur in the oral SPRL group than in the half-dose photodynamic therapy group (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Oral SPRL treatment for nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy showed good long-term visual/anatomical outcomes, compared with half-dose photodynamic therapy. However, recurrence was more likely to occur when using oral SPRL.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Review and Prevention
Authors: Davis Andrew R. , Sheppard John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiologic agent of both chickenpox and Herpes zoster (HZ). In the United States, there are around one million cases of HZ per year. Ten percent of HZ cases are subtyped as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) specifically and involve the V1 distribution. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a significant cause of blindness in the United States. This article will provide a basic overview of VZV, HZ, and HZO with a focus on preventative measures in an effort to prevent blindness through improving clinician awareness and education. The differences in clinical effectiveness and duration of effectiveness of the live (Zostavax) and recombinant vaccines (Shingrix) are illustrated. There is now a trend toward using the recombinant vaccine as recommended by the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) for healthy adults 50 or older.
Improving Coping Styles in Family Caregivers of Psychiatric Inpatients Using Planned Behavior Problem-Solving Training
Authors: Abedi Zahra , Alavi Mousa , Ghazavi Zahra , Visentin Denis , Cleary Michelle 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
The consequences and high costs of psychiatric disorders impact family caregivers greatly. Health services should identify and provide accessible support programs to facilitate effective caregiver coping.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a theory-of-planned-behavior-based problem-solving training program on the coping styles of family caregivers of psychiatric inpatients.

Methods:
In this two-group, randomized control trial, 72 family caregivers were randomly assigned to either a control group receiving standard care or an intervention group receiving a training program (eight sessions over 4 weeks). Demographic information was recorded at baseline, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was administered to both groups at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 1-month follow-up.

Results:
Immediately after the intervention, the intervention group earned significantly higher task-oriented coping style scores (mean difference = 5.03, p = .015) than the control group, but no significant difference was detected between the two groups for either emotion- or avoidance-oriented coping style scores. At 1-month follow-up, the intervention group earned significantly higher scores than the control group for task-oriented (mean difference = 8.56, p < .001) and emotion-oriented (mean difference = 7.14, p = .002) coping styles. No improvement in avoidance-oriented coping style at the postintervention or follow-up time points was detected.

Conclusions:
Implementation by nurses and other health professionals of problem-solving training programs that are based on the theory of planned behavior is recommended to strengthen the use of task- and emotion-oriented approaches that help family caregivers of psychiatric patients better cope with stress.
Partial Pericardial Agenesis Mimicking Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Castelletti Silvia , Crotti Lia , Dagradi Federica , Rella Valeria , Salerno Sabrina , Parati Gianfranco , Cecchi Franco 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Absence of the pericardium is a rare congenital disease in which the fibroserum membrane covering the heart is partially or totally absent. It is characterized by few echocardiography (ECG) and imaging features that can mislead the diagnosis to an inherited cardiac disease, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Although it has often a benign course, this congenital defect should be identified as in some cases herniation and strangulation can be life-threatening and cause sudden cardiac death. Red flags on ECG (sinus bradycardia, variable T-wave inversion), chest x-ray (Snoopy sign, absence of tracheal deviation, and esophagus impression), and transthoracic echocardiogram (unusual windows, teardrop left ventricle, and elongated atria) should rise the suspicion of pericardium absence. The correct diagnosis, confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance, is mandatory as the consequences on the sport activity certification, the management, and the treatment are extremely different.
The Relationship Between Completion of Postprofessional Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy Education and Core Values of Professionalism
Authors: Thomas Dawn , Krauss John , Thompson Kristine , Stiller Christine 
Published: March 2019

Purpose.
Professionalism is defined by the American Physical Therapy Association using behavioral sample indicators representing 7 core values in its core document, Professionalism in Physical Therapy: Core Values (PCV). The purpose of this study was to examine the graduates' perceived effect of graduation from a university-based postprofessional certificate in Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy (OMPT) on sample indicators representing the core values of accountability, altruism, compassion/caring, excellence, integrity, professional duty, and social responsibility as well as their perception of recognition by others as providing excellence in physical therapy.

Methods:
178 graduates of the OMPT program participated in the study. An OMPT Graduate Survey developed for this study included 29 Likert items and one open ended question. Constructs were established to represent each core value as well as an additional construct representing recognition by others as providing excellence in physical therapy. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics. The constant comparative method was used for qualitative analysis.

Results:
Six core value constructs and the recognition construct yielded a mean of 4 (agreement) or greater and social responsibility yielded a mean of 3.37 (neutral). Qualitative data revealed four themes: relationships with clients and others, knowledge/expanded understanding, skills/outcomes, and perception of self/personal growth.

Discussion:
Graduates' perceptions of enhanced core values except social responsibility, increased recognition of excellence by others, and improved perception of self and personal growth could lead to overall enhancement of professionalism through increased opportunities for graduates to be influential to peers, institutions, the profession of physical therapy, health care and society. Strategies could be developed within post professional programs to further facilitate social responsibility into the profession of physical therapy.

Conclusion:
The completion of a post professional program may contribute to development of the core values except social responsibility, an increased recognition by others as providing excellence in physical therapy, enhanced job satisfaction, increased confidence, and personal growth.
May-Thurner Syndrome: An often-missed cause of chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Ruel Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), or iliac vein compression syndrome, is a pelvic condition that involves compression of the iliac veins resulting in endothelial damage. This condition is typically asymptomatic and often missed in primary care. As progression occurs over time, symptoms related to venous hypertension may be present including acute extremity pain and swelling, pelvic pain, venous claudication, deep venous thrombosis, or chronic development of venous insufficiency. A case report is provided to enhance primary health care providers' knowledge of MTS and promote early detection and recognition to enhance positive and expedited outcomes.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor/myosin light chain interacting protein in health and disease
Authors: van Loon Nienke M. , Lindholm Dan , Zelcer Noam 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
The RING E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor (IDOL, also known as MYLIP) promotes ubiquitylation and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR), thus acting to limit uptake of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol into cells. Next to the LDLR, IDOL also promotes degradation of two related receptors, the very LDL receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (APOER2), which have important signaling functions in the brain. We review here the emerging role of IDOL in lipoprotein and energy metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of IDOL.

Recent findings
Genetic studies suggest an association between IDOL and lipoprotein metabolism in humans. Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates support an in-vivo role for IDOL in lipoprotein metabolism, and also uncovered an unexpected role in whole-body energy metabolism. Recent evaluation of IDOL function in the brain revealed a role in memory formation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The report of the first IDOL inhibitor may facilitate further investigations on therapeutic strategies to target IDOL.

Summary
IDOL is emerging as an important determinant of lipid and energy metabolism in metabolic disease as well as in Alzheimer's disease. IDOL targeting may be beneficial in treating these conditions.
Perspectives on optimizing radiotherapy dose to the dysphagia/aspiration-related structures for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Barnhart Molly K. , Hutchison Alana R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview on the methodologies, outcomes and clinical implications of studies that have investigated swallowing outcomes after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment when reducing radiotherapy dose to specific dysphagia/aspiration-related structures (DARS).

Recent findings
Overall, there is limited recent evidence, with a lack of high-quality studies, which examine the outcomes of DARS-optimized radiotherapy treatment. Large variations exist in the methodology of these studies in regards to which DARS are delineated and how swallowing outcomes are measured. Consequently, there is a wide range of dose limits recommended to a variety of DARS structures. Despite these limitations, there appears to be a general consensus that optimizing dose to the DARS will result in some reduction of dysphagia after radiotherapy without compromising on treatment to the tumour.

Summary
More rigorous study must be completed to determine the true extent of clinical benefit from this practice. Institutions must take into consideration the limitations of the evidence as well as logistical costs of implementing this technique into practice. However, optimizing dose to the DARS appears to be a well-tolerated practice that may have substantial positive benefits for patients’ swallowing function and quality of life after HNC treatment.