bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support as a comfort or an encouragement: A systematic review on the contrasting effects of social support on cardiovascular reactivity
Authors: Teoh Ai Ni , Hilmert Clayton 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe stress‐buffering hypothesis (Cohen & McKay, 1984, Handbook of psychology and health IV: Social psychological aspects of health (pp. 253–256). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) suggests that one way social support enhances health is by attenuating cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress. Research that has tested this hypothesis has reported inconsistent findings. In this review, we systematically reviewed those findings and proposed a dual‐effect model of social support and CVR as a potential explanation for the inconsistency in the literature. Specifically, we proposed that when participants are more engaged during a stressor, social support acts primarily as social comfort, attenuating CVR; and when participants are not engaged, social support acts primarily as social encouragement, elevating CVR.MethodsWe reviewed 22 previous studies that (1) empirically manipulated social support in a stressful situation, (2) measured CVR, and (3) tested a moderator of social support effects on CVR.ResultsAlthough a majority of studies reported a CVR‐mitigating effect of social support resulting in an overall significant combined p‐value, we found that there were different effects of social support on CVR when we considered high‐ and low‐engagement contexts. That is, compared to control conditions, social support lowered CVR in more engaging situations but had no significant effect on CVR in less engaging situations.ConclusionOur results suggest that a dual‐effect model of social support effects on CVR may better capture the nature of social support, CVR, and health associations than the buffering hypothesis and emphasize a need to better understand the health implications of physiological reactivity in various contexts.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

According to the stress‐buffering hypothesis (Cohen & McKay, ), one pathway social support benefits health is through mitigating the physiological arousal caused by stress. However, previous studies that examined the effects of social support on blood pressure and heart rate changes were not consistently supporting the hypothesis. Some studies reported that social support causes elevations in cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress (Anthony & O'Brien, ; Hilmert, Christenfeld, & Kulik, ; Hilmert, Kulik, & Christenfeld, ) and others showed no effect of social support on CVR (Christian & Stoney, ; Craig & Deichert, ; Gallo, Smith, & Kircher, ).

What does this study add?

When participants were in more engaging conditions, social support decreased CVR relative to no support.

When participants were in less engaging conditions, social support did not have a significant effect on CVR.

Provide an alternative way to explain the ways social support affects cardiac health.
Improving anticancer activity towards colon cancer cells with a new p53‐activating agent
Authors: Raimundo Liliana , Espadinha Margarida , Soares Joana , Loureiro Joana B , Alves Marco G , Santos Maria M M , Saraiva Lucília 
Published: August 2018

Background and PurposeImpairment of the tumour suppressor p53 pathway is a major event in human cancers, making p53 activation one of the most attractive therapeutic strategies to halt cancer. Here, we have identified a new selective p53 activator and investigated its potential as an anticancer agent.Experimental ApproachAnti‐proliferative activity of the (R)‐tryptophanol‐derived bicyclic lactam SYNAP was evaluated in a range of human cancer cells with different p53 status. The anticancer activity and mechanism of action of SYNAP was studied in two‐ and three‐dimensional models of human colon adenocarcinoma HCT116 cells with wild‐type p53 and corresponding p53‐null isogenic derivative cells, alone and in combination with known chemotherapeutic agents.Key ResultsSYNAP showed anti‐proliferative effect in human cancer cells dependent on p53 status. In HCT116 cells, SYNAP caused p53‐dependent growth inhibition, associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, anti‐migratory activity and regulation of the expression of p53 transcriptional targets. Data also indicated that SYNAP targeted p53, inhibiting its interaction with its endogenous inhibitors, murine double minute (MDM)2 and MDMX. Moreover, SYNAP sensitized colon cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of known chemotherapeutic agents. SYNAP did not induce acquired or cross‐resistance and re‐sensitized doxorubicin‐resistant colon cancer cells to chemotherapy. Additionally, SYNAP was non‐genotoxic and had low cytotoxicity against normal cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsSYNAP revealed encouraging anticancer activity, either alone or in combination with known chemotherapeutic agents, in colon cancer cells. Apart from its promising application in cancer therapy, SYNAP may provide a starting point for improved p53 activators.
Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of novel hydrazone‐substituted thiophene[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent human immunodeficiency virus‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Wang Zhao , Kang Dongwei , Chen Meng , Wu Gaochan , Feng Da , Zhao Tong , Zhou Zhongxia , Huo Zhipeng , Jing Lanlan , Zuo Xiaofang , Daelemans Dirk , De Clercq Erik , Pannecouque Christophe , Zhan Peng , Liu Xinyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the previous studies of our laboratory, the thiophene[3,2‐d]pyrimidine was identified as a promising scaffold for seeking highly potent HIV‐1 non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). In this study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a series of thiophene[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives with changed linker between the thiophenepyrimidine core and the right wing. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent HIV‐1 inhibitory potency with low (double‐digit) nanomolar 50% effective concentration (EC50) values. Among them, compound 13a exhibited the most potent anti‐HIV‐1 activity (EC50 = 21.2 nM), which was 10‐fold greater than that of NVP (EC50 = 281 nM). Moreover, 13a showed much lower cytotoxicity (CC50 = 183 μM) and higher selection index (SI = 8,632) than NVP, ETV, and AZT. Besides, some physicochemical properties and water solubility were calculated or measured. The preliminary structure–activity relationships and molecular simulation studies of these compounds were also discussed comprehensively to provide valuable direction for further design and optimization.
Different effects of various anti‐angiogenic treatments in an experimental mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Heiduschka Peter , Plagemann Tanja , Li Lu , Alex Anne F , Eter Nicole 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs are an option for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Blocking of other angiogenic factors is also of interest. We therefore investigated in which effects would result blocking of placental growth factor (PlGF).MethodsC57BL/6 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen from P7 to P12. Intravitreal injections were performed at P12. Mice of control groups remained untouched after oxygen treatment, or phosphate buffered saline or neutral IgG molecules were injected. In the treatment groups, antibodies against VEGF or PlGF, a mixture of anti‐VEGF and anti‐PlGF, aflibercept or sunitinib were injected. On P17, electroretinographic (ERG) measurements were performed. Avascular zones and neovascularization were evaluated in retinal flat‐mounts. Results are expressed as percent of total retinal area (median with median absolute deviation, MAD).ResultsEyes of control groups showed similar neovascularization (1.4–3.3%, MAD 0.4–0.9%). Neovascularization was significantly less (0.5–0.7%, MAD 0.1–0.3%) in all treatment groups. Avascular zones in the retinas of control groups showed similar values (18.3–25.7%, MAD 4.8–8.8%). Avascular zones were significantly reduced down to 3.6 ± 1.3% after anti‐VEGF injection, but they were not reduced significantly in the other treatment groups (13.3–22%, MAD 3.6–6.1%).ERG measurements did not reveal significant differences between the controls and the treatment groups.ConclusionsBlocking of PlGF or injection of sunitinib results in a similar inhibition of neovascularization as by anti‐VEGF treatment in the mouse model of ROP. However, physiological angiogenesis that occurs after anti‐VEGF treatment is blocked by anti‐PlGF or sunitinib treatment, indicating that pathological neovascularization may follow different pathways than physiological angiogenesis.
Positionspapier: Telemedizin in der Berufsdermatologie – Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Elsner Peter , Bauer Andrea , Diepgen Thomas Ludwig , Drexler Hans , Fartasch Manigé , John Swen Malte , Schliemann Sibylle , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Teledermatologie ist die Verwendung von Telekommunikationstechnologien zum Austausch medizinischer Informationen für Diagnostik, Konsultation, Therapie und Lehre in der Dermatologie. Während ihr Einsatz bei einem breiten Spektrum dermatologischer Diagnosen evaluiert wurde, liegen nur wenige Studien zu Validität, diagnostischer Präzision, Machbarkeit und Kosteneffektivität in der Berufsdermatologie vor; diese zeigen aber ein erhebliches Potenzial sowohl für Diagnostik, Prävention, Therapiebegleitung und Nachsorge von Berufskrankheiten der Haut. Ein dermatologisches asynchrones (Store and Forward; SAF) oder synchrones Telekonsil könnte Arbeitsmediziner und Betriebsärzte bei der gesetzlichen arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge in hautbelastenden Berufen, aber auch beim Hautkrebsscreening von Outdoorworkern unterstützen und so zu rascherer Prävention oder gezielter Berufskrankheitenmeldung beitragen. Mittels moderner von Technologien der künstlichen Intelligenz unterstützter mobiler Smartphone‐Apps kann auch das Selbstmonitoring von Beschäftigten in Risikoberufen verbessert werden.
Declining Food Security in a Philippine Oil Palm Frontier: The Changing Role of Cooperatives
Authors: Montefrio Marvin Joseph F. , Dressler Wolfram H. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe long‐held redistributive function of agricultural cooperatives — one of moral economy and poverty alleviation — has changed dramatically as they emerge as core brokers for agro‐industrial development in the so‐called ‘green economy’. This article examines the changing role of cooperatives involved in brokering oil palm production and its impact upon the food security and livelihoods of smallholders who labour in plantation regimes situated in historically uneven agrarian political economies. Findings show how, increasingly, cooperatives reinforce uneven agrarian social relations of production and exchange in which indigenous smallholders experience loss of land, poor wage labour conditions tinged with insecurity and prejudice, and mounting debt in an expanding oil palm complex. The article suggests that these changes in agrarian social relations negatively influence indigenous farmers’ food security pathways, with their access to and use of appropriate foods diminishing. It asserts that understanding the impacts of cooperatives on food security pathways requires a relational and situated analysis of livelihood change and agrarian relations in extractive frontiers.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of atrial flutter in a neonate
Authors: Low Samantha , Kiper Carmen , Armstrong Aimee , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: August 2018

A pregnant female presented at 37 weeks of gestation in labor. The fetus was noted to be tachycardic on fetal monitor. Postnatally, the male neonate was still noted to be tachycardic with heart rates in the low 200 bpm range. EKG was consistent with tachycardia, but rhythm diagnosis was not definitively made. Echocardiogram with M‐mode analysis clearly demonstrated 2:1 atrial to ventricular contraction pattern consistent with atrial flutter. The neonate was subsequently transferred to a tertiary pediatric hospital where the diagnosis of atrial flutter was confirmed.
Loans of the revolution: how Mexico borrowed as the state collapsed in 1912–13
Authors: Weller Leonardo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article assesses why the French and US banks Paribas and Speyers underwrote a series of loans to revolutionary Mexico in 1912 and 1913, when the state was in the process of collapsing. This is a case of a war debt that failed to prevent the borrowing government from suspending payments and subsequently falling. Based on unpublished primary documents, the article shows that the 1913 loan involved a conflict of interest. The credit delayed a default and sustained the price of Mexican securities while Paribas, its main underwriter, was liquidating its Mexican portfolio. Evidence also suggests the existence of asymmetry of information. Paribas accessed pessimistic but accurate first‐hand information on Mexico, while the public read over‐optimistic press reports. Paribas forced the government to sell the bonds on the primary market at a price that was low, controlling for publicly available data. It subsequently sold the bonds at a margin on the secondary market. An additional reason for the lending is the Nacional railway, a state‐owned company that used a share of the funds to pay its debt. More exposed to Mexico than Paribas, the small and internationalized Speyers held the bad bonds it had underwritten.
The development of an entrepreneurial mindset in primary education
Authors: Zupan Blaž , Cankar Franc , Setnikar Cankar Stanka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article provides insights into the design thinking method, a teaching strategy for developing creativity, innovative thinking, and an entrepreneurial mindset in young people as a universally applicable skill. It presents results from a study of 146 seventh‐ and eighth‐grade students, aged 12–14 and 20 teachers across 10 Slovene schools. Teachers used the design thinking method to facilitate hands‐on student projects and evaluated their effectiveness in cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset. The two teachers per class submitted a combined final report of their experience and observations. In addition, a study facilitator visited each school several times to discuss the project with the teachers, observe the class, and take notes. Thirteen factors that contributed to students’ entrepreneurial mindset were identified and organized into three clusters: project factors, the learning environment in which it was carried out, and the learning and teaching factors.
Evidence of equine influenza A (H3N8) activity in horses from Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia: 2013–2015
Authors: Hemida M. G. , Perera R. A. P. M. , Chu D. K. W. , Alnaeem A. A. , Peiris M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundEquine influenza virus (EIV) is one of the main causes of viral respiratory affections in horses. Little is known about the prevalence of EIV in Saudi Arabia especially the H3N8 serotype.ObjectivesTo assess prevalence of equine influenza in horse populations in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsWe collected 145 sera, 323 nasal and 323 rectal swabs from horses from six major cities in Eastern and Central regions. None of the horses were vaccinated against EIV. Sera were tested in ELISA assays for influenza A type‐specific antibodies and by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using equine H3N8. The swabs were tested by RT‐qPCR assay targeting a conserved region of the influenza A matrix gene that detects influenza A viruses of all subtypes.ResultsNone of the swabs had detectable influenza A virus RNA. Of the 145 serasamples tested by ELISA, 81 (55.9%) were positive and 98 (67.6%) of 145 sera tested by HI tests were positive for equine H3.Main limitationsOur failure to detect and sequence any EIV prevents identification of the lineage of virus that circulates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ConclusionsThese results confirm that EIV H3N8 is circulating in Saudi Arabia and should be considered as a possible cause when investigating horses with respiratory disease in Saudi Arabia.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous flumetasone and effects on plasma hydrocortisone concentrations and inflammatory mediators in the horse
Authors: Knych H. K. , Arthur R. M. , McKemie D. S. , Baden R. , Oldberg N. , Kass P. H. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundFlumetasone is a potent corticosteroid reportedly used in horses to decrease inflammation associated with strenuous exercise. There are currently no reports describing the use of this drug in horses.ObjectivesTo describe the pharmacokinetics and effects on cortisol and eicosanoid concentrations, following administration of flumetasone to exercised horses.Study designParallel design.MethodsTwelve exercised horses received a single i.v. administration of 5 mg of flumetasone. Blood and urine samples were collected before and for 72 h post‐drug administration for determination of flumetasone and cortisol concentrations. Whole blood samples were collected at various time and challenged with lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore or methanol to induce ex vivo synthesis of eicosanoids. Concentrations of flumetasone, cortisol and eicosanoids were measured using LC‐MS/MS and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis performed.ResultsFlumetasone was detected for 23.5 ± 1.73 h in blood. The volume of distribution at steady state, systemic clearance and elimination half‐life was 5.90 ± 0.200 L/kg, 30.7 ± 0.166 mL/min/kg and 4.84 ± 0.83 h respectively. Cortisol concentrations were still suppressed at last time point collected (72 h). For cortisol, Kin, Kout and the t1/2out were 30.3 ± 1.56 ng/mL × h, 0.331 ± 0.02 1/h and 2.1 h respectively. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide resulted in a decrease in TXB2, PGF2, LTB4, 15‐HETE and 5‐HETE for up to 72 h and PGE2 for 24 h post‐flumetasone administration. Stimulation of whole blood with calcium ionophore resulted in a decrease in LTB4 for up to 6 h and 15‐HETE at 8 h.Main limitationsLack of sample collection for determination of biomarker concentrations beyond 72 h and the use of a single sample for determination of baseline cortisol concentrations.ConclusionsFlumetasone is rapidly cleared from blood following administration to horses. It is a potent anti‐inflammatory with prolonged effects on production of cortisol and other inflammatory mediators.
Amino acid sequence conservation of the algesic fragment of myelin basic protein is required for its interaction with CDK5 and function in pain
Authors: Chernov Andrei V. , Remacle Albert G. , Hullugundi Swathi K. , Cieplak Piotr , Angert Mila , Dolkas Jennifer , Shubayev Veronica I. , Strongin Alex Y. 
Published: August 2018

Neurotrauma frequently results in neuropathic pain. Our earlier studies revealed that peripheral neurotrauma‐induced fragmentation of the myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of the myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells, initiates a pain response from light touch stimuli (mechanical allodynia) in rodents. Here, we identified the cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), as an intracellular interactor of MBP in Schwann cells. The algesic peptide fragment of MBP directly associated with CDK5. When complexed with its p25 coactivator, CDK5 phosphorylated the conserved MBP sequence. The expressed MBP fragment colocalized with CDK5 in Schwann cell protrusions. Roscovitine, an ATP‐competitive CDK5 inhibitor, disrupted localization of the expressed MBP peptide. Mutations in the evolutionary conserved MBP algesic sequence resulted in the interference with intracellular trafficking of the MBP fragment and kinase activity of CDK5 and diminished pain‐like behavior in rodents. Our findings show that MBP fragment amino acid sequence conservation determines its interactions, trafficking, and pronociceptive activity. Because CDK5 activity controls both neurogenesis and nociception, the algesic MBP fragment may be involved in the regulation of the CDK5 functionality in pain signaling and postinjury neurogenesis in vertebrates.DatabaseThe novel RNA‐seq datasets were deposited in the GEO database under the accession number GSE107020.
Oral health and cancer screening in long‐term care nursing facilities: Motivation and opportunity as intervention targets
Authors: Maramaldi Peter , Cadet Tamara , Burke Shanna L. , LeCloux Mary , White Erina , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Kinnunen Taru 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to propose empirically and conceptually supported interventions that might increase the capability and opportunity to provide of oral hygiene care and oral cancer screening in long‐term nursing care facilities.BackgroundImproving the oral health in the older adult population is a priority of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Poor oral health disproportionably affects older populations, which indicates lower participation in regular oral health care (OHC) that includes screening and early detection of oral cancer.Material and methodsA rigorous recruitment protocol yielded a purposive sample of nursing home Administrators and Directors of Nursing who participated in nine discrete focus groups (n = 34) in several regions of Massachusetts. Interview data were integrated with a conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model and the “capability,” “opportunity,” “motivation” and “behavior” of the COM‐B system to identify potential interventions to increase oral health and oral cancer screening. We used NVivo to identify conceptual themes related to potential intervention targets.ResultsParticipants identified several impediments to oral hygiene and cancer screening in the context of the conceptual model. High barriers, low opportunities and low motivation were themes identified as potential targets for intervention.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the intervention likely to increase OHC and consequently oral cancer screening include: training certified nurses’ aides using dental students and volunteers; educating family members about OHC and oral cancer screening, and increasing oral cancer awareness.
Accuracy of calprotectin using the Quantum Blue Reader for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Weil Delphine , Heurgue‐Berlot Alexandra , Monnet Elisabeth , Chassagne Sophie , Cervoni Jean‐Paul , Feron Thomas , Grandvallet Céline , Muel Emilie , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Thiefin Gérard , Di Martino Vincent , Bardonnet Karine , Thévenot Thierry 
Published: August 2018

AimWe aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the dosage of calprotectin in ascitic fluid (AF) using the Quantum Blue assay, for the prompt diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).MethodsWe prospectively collected 236 AF samples from 119 cirrhotic patients hospitalized in two French centers between May 2016 and May 2017. Bloody and chylous/cloudy AF, and secondary peritonitis were excluded. SBP was diagnosed if neutrophils in AF were >250/mm3 using standard cytology. The Quantum Blue Reader selectively measured the calprotectin antigen (MRP8/14) in 12 min within the measurable range from 0.18 to 1.80 μg/mL; values outside this range were registered as 0.17 and 1.81 μg/mL.ResultsA total of 36 AF were considered as SBP (15.2%). SBP had higher median levels of calprotectin than non‐SBP (1.81 vs. 0.25 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Calprotectin levels were positively correlated with neutrophils in AF (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and C‐reactive protein (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), but not with the Child–Pugh and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores. The optimal threshold of calprotectin to diagnose SBP was set at 1.51 μg/mL (80th percentile of calprotectin), yielding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 86.1%, 92.0%, 65.9%, and 97.3%, respectively. Only one asymptomatic patient with SBP had a low calprotectin level, but a high serum C‐reactive protein level that strongly suggested an ongoing infection. We also showed that intraclass correlation coefficients for inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement were excellent, with 0.95 and 0.89, respectively.ConclusionsThe dosage of calprotectin in AF using the Quantum Blue assay is a rapid and reliable method of ruling out SBP in hospitalized cirrhotic patients.