bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variation pattern ofAquilegia ecalcarataand its relatives
Authors: Xue Cheng , Geng Fang‐Dong , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Chang Xiao‐Peng , Kang Ju‐Qing , Huang Lei , Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Ren Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAquilegia ecalcarataMaxim. is the only spurless species within the genusAquilegiaand comprises a monophyletic clade withA.yabeanaKitag.,A.kansuensisBrühl, andA.rockiiMunz. Our previous study on the genetic diversity of those four species revealed that the populations ofA. ecalcaratacan be divided into two groups, indicating possible genetic difference withinA.ecalcarata. However, it is not clear whether the genetic difference is related to the morphological variation among species and groups ofA. ecalcaratapopulations. To answer that question, the morphological variation patterns based on 22 floral and 19 vegetative traits from 42 populations, covering the entire distribution ofA. ecalcarataand its relatives, were analyzed in the present study. The result showed that: (i) the differences among the four species were reflected in the floral rather than the vegetative traits; (ii) populations ofA. yabeanaandA.rockiifell into one cluster each, and each of the six clusters occupied its own distribution range; (iii) one of twoA. ecalcarataclusters fell into a subgroup and shared common floral traits withA. rockii; (iv) the individuals ofA.ecalcarataform.ecalcarataand form.semicalcaratawere often mixed in the same population; and (v) the populations ofA. kansuensiswere split into two clusters, which differed obviously in floral traits. These results will provide an important morphological basis for the redefinition of species and lay a foundation for the further exploration of the “spurless”A. ecalcarata.
Potassium isotopic compositions of enstatite meteorites
Authors: Zhao Chen , Lodders Katharina , Bloom Hannah , Chen Heng , Tian Zhen , Koefoed Piers , Pető Mária K. , Wang (王昆) Kun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnstatite chondrites and aubrites are meteorites that show the closest similarities to the Earth in many isotope systems that undergo mass‐independent and mass‐dependent isotopic fractionations. Due to the analytical challenges to obtain high‐precision K isotopic compositions in the past, potential differences in K isotopic compositions between enstatite meteorites and the Earth remained uncertain. We report the first high‐precision K isotopic compositions of eight enstatite chondrites and four aubrites and find that there is a significant variation of K isotopic compositions among enstatite meteorites (from −2.34‰ to −0.18‰). However, K isotopic compositions of nearly all enstatite meteorites scatter around the bulk silicate earth (BSE) value. The average K isotopic composition of the eight enstatite chondrites (−0.47 ± 0.57‰) is indistinguishable from theBSEvalue (−0.48 ± 0.03‰), thus further corroborating the isotopic similarity between Earth's building blocks and enstatite meteorite precursors. We found no correlation of K isotopic compositions with the chemical groups, petrological types, shock degrees, and terrestrial weathering conditions; however, the variation of K isotopes among enstatite meteorite can be attributed to the parent‐body processing. Our sample of the main‐group aubriteMIL13004 is exceptional and has an extremely light K isotopic composition (δ41K = −2.34 ± 0.12‰). We attribute this unique K isotopic feature to the presence of abundant djerfisherite inclusions in our sample because this K‐bearing sulfide mineral is predicted to be enriched in39K during equilibrium exchange with silicates.
Lali'an Versus Improved Cook Stoves: How Change Happens in Urban Households in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Nguyen Therese Thi Phuong Tam , McLennan Sharon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost households in Timor‐Leste use lali'an, a traditional open fire method of cooking that has considerable environmental, health, and social impacts. Many of these impacts can be mitigated using simple, low‐cost, and more fuel‐efficient improved cook stoves (ICSs). Drawing on qualitative data from householders, key informants, and the researcher's observations, this article explores women's experiences of using ICS in Timor‐Leste. It outlines the economic and time cost for households using lali'an, and the health, social, and economic benefits of ICSs. Using the information–motivation–behavioral skills model, this study explores the dynamics of the decision‐making process and behavior change related to cooking technology. The findings show that women are primarily responsible for the household kitchen; however, they are not always in a position to make the decision to adopt an ICS. It is therefore imperative that the introduction and promotion of ICS to households in Timor‐Leste be accessible to women, as investment and awareness‐raising regarding ICS will contribute much to the satisfaction of women's basic needs, children's health, and reduction of deforestation in Timor‐Leste.
Burnout: Caring for critically ill and end‐of‐life patients with cancer
Authors: Pattison Natalie , Droney Joanne , Gruber Pascale 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCritical care and palliative care professionals treat and support seriously ill patients on a daily basis, and the possibility of burnout may be high. The consequences of burnout can include moral injury and distress, and compassion fatigue, which are detrimental to both care and staff.Aims and objectivesTo explore the incidence of moral distress in areas at high risk of burnout in a large cancer centre and to explore possible measures for addressing moral distress.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to critical care, critical care outreach, and palliative care teams in a specialist tertiary cancer centre. Open questions on supportive measures were also included. Burnout data were categorised into three domains of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, and free‐text analysis was conducted on the open‐question data.ResultsA total of 63 professionals responded across the teams (45% response rate). A low level of burnout was observed in the emotional exhaustion domain; depersonalization was higher in the critical care professionals; and overall, personal accomplishment was higher than normative scores. Free‐text analysis highlighted three categories of responses: Debriefing, Managing emotional well‐being, and Valuing individuals. There was a need to proactively recognize issues; undertake more debriefs; and open forums regarding cases, particularly with difficult deaths. Engaging all professionals, support to deal with families, and mandatory moral distress and resilience training were suggested, alongside a focus on team building through external activities such as group relaxation sessions and walks.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a relatively low incidence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a slightly higher sense of personal accomplishment than normative scores despite staff working in an environment where high levels of burnout were expected.Relevance to clinical practiceStaff highlighted possible solutions to reduce burnout, which included debriefing, managing emotional well‐being, and valuing individuals.
Rules versus Discretion: Inference Gleaned from Greenbook Forecasts and FOMC Decisions
Authors: Belongia Michael T. , Ireland Peter N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFrom 1987 through 2013, the Federal Open Market Committee appears to have set its federal funds rate target with reference to Greenbook forecasts of the output gap and inflation and, at times, also to have made further adjustments to the funds rate as those forecasts were revised. If viewed in the context of the Taylor (1993) Rule, discretionary departures from the settings prescribed by Greenbook forecasts consistently presage business cycle turning points. Similarly, estimates from an interest rate rule with time‐varying parameters imply that, around such turning points, the FOMC responds less vigorously to information contained in Greenbook forecasts about the changing state of the economy. These results suggest possible gains from closer adherence to a rule with constant parameters.
Perioperative renal transplantation management in small children using adult‐sized living or deceased donor kidneys: A single‐center experience
Authors: Lee Eliza , Ramos-Gonzalez Gabriel , Staffa Steven J. , Rodig Nancy , Vakili Khashayar , Kim Heung Bae 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKidney transplantation remains the treatment of choice for children with ESRD. Optimal perioperative management is critical in small recipients of ASK to assure adequate graft perfusion. We present a single‐center experience outlining management for patients weighing <20 kg who underwent primary renal transplantation with ASKs between 2007 and 2016. Sixty‐three patients met study criteria and underwent 34 living‐related, six living‐unrelated, and 23 deceased donor kidney transplants. Median age and weight at transplant were 25 months (IQR 18‐37 months; range 11 months‐6 years) and 11.0 kg (IQR 9.2‐14.5 kg; range 7.1‐19.5 kg). Eighty‐nine percent of patients required vasoactive agents intra‐operatively, with twenty patients requiring prolonged vasoactive agents post‐operatively. Intra‐operatively, patients received 51.9 mL/kg of crystalloid, 27.3 mL/kg of 5% albumin, and 13.6 mL/kg of packed red blood cells. Most (93.7%) patients were extubated on POD#0. Weights peaked on post‐operative days three through five. Over a median follow‐up of 49 months (IQR 31‐86 months; range 0‐130 months), four grafts were lost, two due to thrombosis and two secondary to chronic rejection. There was one patient death six months post‐transplant due to causes unrelated to transplantation. Graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 98.4%, 96.6%, and 84.2%, respectively. Of surviving allografts, the median 1, 5, and 10 years post‐transplant eGFR was 122.9, 90.0, and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 as determined by the 2009 Schwartz formula. Renal transplantation in small children using ASKs requires meticulous perioperative management including adequate fluid resuscitation and judicious use of pressors to assure adequate graft perfusion. The use of ASKs from living or deceased donors results in satisfactory short and long‐term outcomes.
Immigrant socioeconomic mobility in the United States: Mechanisms of inequality and the role of ethnic capital
Authors: Khachikian Oshin , Bandelj Nina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe review recent social science research on the socioeconomic mobility of immigrants to the United States by focusing on the educational, occupational, and income attainments among immigrant adults, the first‐generation, and the educational attainment of their children, the New Second‐Generation. Existing research has identified significant inequalities in educational attainment between second‐generation Asian and Latinx immigrant groups. Researchers have also highlighted the importance of ethnic capital for mobility, but we find that they have largely proceeded with the assumption that co‐ethnic ties are easily available as a benefit for immigrants upon resettlement. We propose that future research on immigrant socioeconomic mobility should incorporate conceptual insights from economic and cultural sociology as well as use comparative ethnographic research designs to directly observe how ethnic capital operates to challenge or reinforce patterns of socioeconomic inequality.
Role of the cytosolic domain of occludin in trafficking and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Lavie Muriel , Linna Lydia , Moustafa Rehab I. , Belouzard Sandrine , Fukasawa Masayoshi , Dubuisson Jean 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of the tight‐junction (TJ) protein occludin (OCLN) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry remains elusive. Here, we investigated the OCLN C‐terminal cytosolic domain in HCV infection. We expressed a series of C‐terminal deletion mutants in Huh‐7 cells KO for OCLN and characterized their functionality in HCV infection and trafficking. Deleting the OCLN cytosolic domain led to protein instability and intracellular retention. The first 15 residues (OCLN‐C15 mutant) of the cytosolic domain were sufficient for OCLN stability, but led to its accumulation in the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) due to a deficient cell surface export after synthesis. In contrast, the OCLN‐C18 mutant, containing the first 18 residues of the cytosolic domain, was expressed at the cell surface and could mediate HCV infection. Point mutations in the context of C18 showed that I279 and W281 are crucial residues for cell surface expression of OCLN‐C18. However, in the context of full‐length OCLN, mutation of these residues only partially affected infection and cell surface localization. Importantly, the characterization of OCLN‐C18 in human‐polarized hepatocytes revealed a defect in its TJ localization without affecting HCV infection. These data suggest that TJ localization of OCLN is not a prerequisite for HCV infection in polarized hepatocytes.
Canine symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies
Authors: Steimer Tanja , Bauer Alexander , Kienzle Ellen , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSymmetrical lupoid onychomadesis (SLO) is a disease not infrequently seen in bearded collie dogs in Germany.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare historical and clinical data, as well as the mineral content of the hair and claws of bearded collies with SLO with that of normal control dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐eight affected bearded collie dogs and 39 control dogs.Methods and materialsOwners completed an extensive questionnaire regarding upbringing, environmental conditions and diets. Claw specimens were obtained by claw trimming or gathering lost claws; hairs were obtained by plucking samples from several areas of the body; samples were converted to ash and evaluated in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.ResultsClinical signs in affected dogs eventually involved all claws on all paws. In twelve dogs recurrence of onychomadesis was observed. There was no relevant association between gender, housing, diet and health management, physical stress and the development of SLO with exception of the age at which more intense exercise began. The most commonly used treatment combination was fatty acids, pentoxifylline and tetracycline; improvement occurred in 17 animals. Calcium, sodium and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the claws of affected dogs, whereas zinc concentrations were lower. The mineral content of hair samples of the affected dogs was not significantly different than controls.Conclusion and clinical importanceSymmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies is clinically similar to what has been described in other breeds with regard to clinical signs and response to treatment. Early strenuous activity may increase the risk for disease occurrence in this breed.
Clinical and histopathological classification of feline intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Musciano Ayla R. , Lanza Matthew R. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. , Durham Amy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to describe and classify cats with intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared with ocular manifestations of multicentric disease and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. One hundred seventy‐two cases identified through biopsy submissions were reviewed histologically; 163 of these cases were subtyped according to the WHO classification system. Cases were categorized as having PSOL or ocular lymphoma with suspected systemic involvement (SSI) based on submission forms and follow‐up data. The majority of cases exhibited concurrent uveitis (75%) and secondary glaucoma (58%). Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (n = 86; 53%), followed by peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (n = 44; 27%). Other subtypes included anaplastic large T‐ (n = 8; 5%) and B‐cell (n = 4; 2.5%) lymphomas, and 15 cases (9%) were negative for all immunohistochemical markers. In sixty‐nine cases (40%), adequate clinical data and sufficient survival data were obtained to distinguish PSOL from SSI. PSOL comprised the majority of cases (64%), while 36% had SSI. When covarying for age at diagnosis, the median survival time was significantly higher (P = 0.003) for cases of PSOL (154 days) versus those with SSI (69 days); hazards ratio of 0.47 for PSOL (95% CI: 0.241‐0.937). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. Cats with PSOL represent a greater proportion of the disease population, and this subset of cats with intraocular lymphoma has a better clinical outcome.
Comparison of bacterial culture results collected via direct corneal ulcer vs conjunctival fornix sampling in canine eyes with presumed bacterial ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Auten Candace R. , Urbanz Jennifer L. , Dees Darryl Dustin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare aerobic bacterial culture results between samples obtained from the corneal ulcer versus lower conjunctival fornix in eyes with presumed bacterial ulcerative keratitis.Animals studiedFifty five client‐owned dogs diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis.ProceduresOphthalmic examinations were performed on each dog including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Microbial swabs were collected by direct sampling of the infected corneal ulcer as well as the lower conjunctival fornix, of the same eye, using a sterile rayon‐tipped swab. Samples were submitted to an outside reference laboratory for aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity.ResultsOne hundred twelve samples were obtained from 56 eyes (55 dogs). Sixty‐eight samples yielded bacterial growth. Positive growth from both sites was obtained in 31 eyes (55%). Six eyes yielded bacterial growth from the conjunctival fornix but not from the cornea. No bacterial growth was obtained from either sampling site in 19 eyes. Overall, 31/56 (55%) corneal samples were positive and 37/56 (66%) conjunctival fornix samples were positive. Comparison of organisms isolated from the two collection sites of the same eye revealed an exact correlation in 42/56 (75%) eyes and differed in 14/56 (25%) eyes. Twenty different bacterial isolates were obtained from 68 positive samples. Gram‐positive (71%) organisms were more common than Gram‐negative (29%). The most commonly isolated organisms wereStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(25%), beta‐hemolyticStreptococcusspp. (23%), andPseudomonas aeruginosa(12%). Methicillin‐resistant organisms were isolated in 9% of samples.ConclusionSampling from the conjunctival fornix may be a suitable alternative to direct ulcer sampling in eyes with compromised corneal structural integrity.
Impact of epidural bupivacaine on perioperative opioid requirements, recovery characteristics, and duration of hospitalization in dogs undergoing cystotomy: A retrospective study of 56 cases
Authors: Floriano Dario , Sahagian Michael J. , Chiavaccini Ludovica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare perioperative opioid consumption and duration of hospitalization (DOH) in anesthetized dogs receiving opioid‐based analgesia (OBA) vs those receiving bupivacaine epidural‐based analgesia (EPID) during cystotomy.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.AnimalsFifty‐six client‐owned dogs undergoing cystotomy.MethodsClinical records of dogs undergoing cystotomy between January 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. Demographic data, duration of anesthesia and surgery, anesthetic management, perioperative opioid consumption expressed in morphine equivalents (ME), perioperative use of adjuvant analgesics, time to first micturition, time to eat, time to ambulate, and DOH were recorded. Opioid consumption and DOH were compared with a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, followed by linear regression analysis as appropriate. Time to first micturition, time to eat, and time to walk unassisted were modeled with Cox‐proportional hazard models.ResultsDogs treated with EPID during surgery required 1.5 mg/kg ME less compared with those treated with OBA (P = .04) during surgery. Three of 19 dogs treated with EPID vs 15 of 37 dogs receiving OBA required intraoperative adjuvant analgesics (P = .06). Dogs treated with EPID regained motor function slower than dogs treated with OBA (P = .01); however, there was no difference in time to urinate, time to eat, or DOH between treatments.ConclusionPerioperative lumbosacral epidural with bupivacaine reduced intraoperative opioid consumption in dogs anesthetized for cystotomy.Clinical significanceThe use of epidural bupivacaine in dogs undergoing cystotomy may reduce intraoperative opioid requirements without affecting return of bladder function or DOH.
Centrally acting adrenomedullin in the long‐term potentiation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats
Authors: Zoccal Daniel B. , Colombari Debora S. A. , Colombari Eduardo , Flor Karine C. , da Silva Melina P. , Costa‐Silva João H. , Machado Benedito H. , Moraes Davi J. A. , Murphy David , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Adrenomedullin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) increases sympathetic activity; given that adrenomedullin is released during hypoxia, what are the effects of its agonism and antagonism in the RVLM after chronic intermitent hypoxia (CIH) exposure?

What is the main finding and its importance?
CIH exposure sensitizes adrenomedullin‐dependent mechanisms in the RVLM, supporting its role as a sympathoexcitatory neuromodulator. A novel mechanism was identified for the generation of sympathetic overdrive and hypertension associated with hypoxia, providing potential guidance on new therapeutic approaches for controlling sympathetic hyperactivity in diseases such as sleep apnoea and neurogenic hypertension.

AbstractAdrenomedullin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been shown to increase sympathetic activity whereas the antagonism of its receptors inhibited this autonomic activity lowering blood pressure in conditions of hypertension. Given that hypoxia is a stimulant for releasing adrenomedullin, we hypothesized that the presence of this peptide in the RVLM associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) would cause sympathetic overdrive. Juvenile male rats (50–55 g) submitted to CIH (6% oxygen every 9 min, 8 h day−1 for 10 days) were studied in an arterially perfused in situ preparation where sympathetic activity was recorded. In control rats (n = 6), exogenously applied adrenomedullin in the RVLM raised baseline sympathetic activity when combined with episodic activation of peripheral chemoreceptors (KCN 0.05%, 5 times every 5 min). This sympathoexcitatory response was markedly amplified in rats previously exposed to CIH (n = 6). The antagonism of adrenomedullin receptors in the RVLM caused a significant reduction in sympathetic activity in the CIH group (n = 7), but not in controls (n = 8). The transient reflex‐evoked sympathoexcitatory response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation was not affected by either adrenomedullin or adrenomedullin receptor antagonism in the RVLM of control and CIH rats. Our findings indicate that CIH sensitizes the sympathoexcitatory networks within the RVLM to adrenomedullin, supporting its role as an excitatory neuromodulator when intermittent hypoxia is present. These data reveal novel state‐dependent mechanistic insights into the generation of sympathetic overdrive and provide potential guidance on possible unique approaches for controlling sympathetic discharge in diseases such as sleep apnoea and neurogenic hypertension.