bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Phononics: From Fundamental Models to Real Materials
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Chen Xiaobin , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEffective manipulation of phonons is crucial to modern energy‐information science and technologies but limited by the charge neutral and spinless nature of phonons. Recently, novel quantum concepts, including Berry phase, topology, and pseudospin, are introduced to phonon systems, providing fundamentally new routes to control phonons, opening an emerging field of “topological phononics.” Here, the basic concepts of Berry phase, topology, and pseudospin for phonons are introduced. Also, recent research progresses on various phononic topological states are reviewed, including phononic Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger‐like states in 1D, quantum anomalous Hall‐like states, quantum valley Hall‐like states, and quantum spin Hall‐like states in 2D, and phononic Weyl points, nodal lines, and topological insulators in 3D. In addition to the fundamental models, material realizations and potential applications of topological phononics are comprehensively presented.
Steerable Droplet Bouncing for Precise Materials Transportation
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Li Huizeng , Hu Xiaotian , Li An , Cai Zheren , Huang Zhandong , Su Meng , Li Fengyu , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDirectional transportation of liquid droplets plays a significant role in various processes including anti‐fogging, anti‐icing, and materials transportation. Diverse strategies have been developed to achieve lateral bouncing of impacting droplets. However, due to the complexity of the interactions on the interface between a droplet and the solid, quantitatively manipulating the directional movement of the droplet still remains challenging. Here, it is proposed that the directional transportation of a droplet with precise controllability can be achieved by impacting it on a heterogenously wettable surface. It is found that the droplet lateral momentum correlates with the surface area of a geometric region that depends on the position‐coupling between the droplet maximum spreading and the wettability pattern. The well‐controlled droplet directional movement has generality for different Weber numbers and diverse superhydrophilic patterns. Based on this principle, functional materials are orientated to achieve precise positioning of regents for demand‐on chemical reactions, and micro‐floats are driven with different moving velocities. It offers a promising strategy for accurate droplet manipulation based on patterned wettability, which shows great potential in applications such as functional materials transportation, microfluidics, and energy collection and utilization.
Design and Fabrication of a Multifunctional Flexible Absorber (Flexorb) in the UV–Vis–NIR Wavelength Range
Authors: Ghai Viney , Baranwal Ankit , Singh Harpreet , Agnihotri Prabhat K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSynthesis of a near perfect absorber is required for many technologically challenging areas. Most of the existing super absorbers are rigid and usually exploit the light in the visible range only leaving a significant part of available energy in the solar spectrum unutilized. Here the synthesis of a multifunctional flexible absorber (flexorb) with an ultrahigh absorbing capacity of >99% in the whole UV–vis–NIR region is reported. Flexorb is fabricated by texturing the polydimethylsiloxane matrix reinforced by ZnO nanorods, Fe particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The near perfect absorbing behavior of flexorb emanates from two factors: 1) the multiple scattering and subsequent trapping of incident light induced by texturing and fillers having varying geometries and aspect ratios and 2) reduced reflection losses at the flexorb/surrounding interface due to impedance matching provided by CNTs. The flexibility of flexorb ensures that it can be deformed in a variety of shapes without any damage or creasing failure and can be readily mounted on surfaces made of stainless steel, glass, or acrylic polymer. It is believed that the present work will trigger further research to develop flexible multifunctional absorbers for harnessing the solar energy in the broader spectrum for various applications.
Fabrication of Pixelated Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor (OLET) with a Pure Red‐Emitting Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Oh Sangyoon , Kim Jin Hong , Park Sang Kyu , Ryoo Chi Hyun , Park Soo Young 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA pure red‐emitting organic light‐emitting transistor (OLET) is successfully fabricated using a π‐extended dicyanodistyrylbenzene‐type organic semiconductor material (Hex‐4‐TFPTA), which shows outstanding charge transport and solid‐state luminescence at the same time. Based on the structural (X‐ray) and photophysical analyses, it is found that the appropriate molecular stacking and highly allowed S1→S0 transition of Hex‐4‐TFPTA created the ambidextrous balance between electrical mobility (µe, FET ≈ 1 cm2 V−1 s−1) and solid‐state luminescent quantum yield, even in the deep‐red (DR) region (ΦF = 28%). Remarkably, the color purity of the red Hex‐4‐TFPTA thin film (0.70, 0.30) is close to the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard primary red (0.67, 0.33) in Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color space. Moreover, in this work, micropixelated areal OLET emission is demonstrated for the first time by patterning the organic layer via a novel soft‐lithographic technique called “patterned taping.”
Structure optimization of tailored ionic liquids and process simulation for shale gas separation
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Chen Yuqiu , Zeng Shaojuan , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang , Liang Xiaodong , Gani Rafiqul , Kontogeorgis Georgios M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShale gas, as a potential substitute for energy source, requires important processing steps before utilization. The most common separation technology applied is distillation, which is energy‐intensive. With good stability, non‐volatility, and tailored properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as novel potential solvents and alternative media for gas absorption. Therefore, a new strategy for hybrid shale gas separation processing, where IL‐based absorption together with distillation is employed for energy‐efficient and cost‐economic gas processing, is developed. In this work, a three‐stage methodology for shale gas separation process is proposed: IL screening, where a systematic screening method with two options (database screening and computer‐aided design based on universal quasichemical functional‐group activity coefficient model) is established; suitable ILs are selected as promising candidates; process design and simulation, where separation schemes and important design issues in the IL‐based processes are determined; and, process evaluation, where the performance of the final separation process is evaluated and verified.
The association between network centrality and standard of living in a historical agrarian population
Authors: Jennings Julia A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between network centrality and living standards as measured by fertility and mortality responses to short‐term economic stress.MethodsCox proportional hazard models estimate the effects of staple grain price variation and eigenvector and beta centrality within marriage and labor networks on the timing of births and child mortality (1‐14 years) in a historical demographic data set from North Orkney, Scotland, 1851‐1911.ResultsHouseholds that are peripheral to the marriage and labor network experience lower chances of a birth when food prices are high. The fertility of more central households is less sensitive to price changes. A similar, but weaker, pattern holds for child mortality, which is also sensitive to price fluctuations, although the social gradient is not as clear.ConclusionsMarriage and labor network centrality is an indicator of standard of living in this remote, agricultural population. Households that are firmly embedded in the network are able to overcome and adjust to short‐term economic stress without demographic consequences, while those at the edges of the community experience delayed reproduction in poor years consistent with unplanned responses to stress.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Annulation of ortho‐Alkynylanilines: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐C2‐indoles
Authors: Peng Lei , Li Kai , Xie Chuandong , Li Shan , Xu Da , Qin Wenling , Yan Hailong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA chiral Brønsted base catalyzed asymmetric annulation of ortho‐alkynylanilines has been developed to access axially chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles via vinylidene ortho‐quinone methide (VQM) intermediates. This strategy provides a unique organocatalytic atroposelective route to axially chiral aryl‐C2‐indole skeletons with excellent enantioselectivity and functional‐group tolerance. This transformation was applicable to decagram‐scale preparation (50.0 g) with perfect enantioselectivity through simple recrystallization. Moreover, the utility of this reaction was demonstrated by a variety of transformations towards chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles for a series of carbon–heteroatom bond formations. Furthermore, the prepared axially chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles were applied as a chiral skeleton for organocatalytic aza‐Baylis–Hillman reaction and asymmetric formal [4+2] tandem cyclization to give the corresponding adducts in high yields with improved enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
Polymer Composite Membrane with Penetrating ZIF‐7 Sheets Displays High Hydrogen Permselectivity
Authors: Ma Xixi , Wu Xiaocao , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOriented and penetrating molecular sieving membranes display enhanced separation performance. A polyimide (PI) solution containing highly dispersed ZIF‐7(III) sheets in CHCl3 was deposited on a glass side and subjected to flat‐scraping with a membrane fabricator. In this way we developed a novel oriented and penetrating ZIF‐7@PI mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with 50 wt. % ZIF‐7 loading. Because the height of the ZIF‐7 sheets (5 μm) is higher than the film thickness, every ZIF‐7 sheet penetrates both surfaces of the polyimide film. Since the ZIF‐7 channels are the dominant pathway for gas permeation, the ZIF‐7@PI MMM displays a high molecular sieve performance for the separation of H2 (0.29 nm) from larger gas molecules. At 100 °C and 2 bar, the mixture separation factors of H2/CO2 and H2/CH4 are 91.5 and 128.4, with a high H2 permeance of about 3.0×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1, which is promising for hydrogen separation by molecular sieving.
Dispersed Nickel Cobalt Oxyphosphide Nanoparticles Confined in Multichannel Hollow Carbon Fibers for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Sibo , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaterials for high‐efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction are desirable for solar‐to‐carbon fuel conversion. Herein, highly dispersed nickel cobalt oxyphosphide nanoparticles (NiCoOP NPs) were confined in multichannel hollow carbon fibers (MHCFs) to construct the NiCoOP‐NPs@MHCFs catalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction. The synthesis involves electrospinning, phosphidation, and carbonization steps and permits facile tuning of chemical composition. In the catalyst, the mixed metal oxyphosphide NPs with ultrasmall size and high dispersion offer abundant catalytically active sites for redox reactions. At the same time, the multichannel hollow carbon matrix with high conductivity and open ends will effectively promote mass/charge transfer, improve CO2 adsorption, and prevent the metal oxyphosphide NPs from aggregation. The optimized hetero‐metal oxyphosphide catalyst exhibits considerable activity for photosensitized CO2 reduction, affording a high CO evolution rate of 16.6 μmol h−1 (per 0.1 mg of catalyst).
Controlling the White‐Light Generation of [(RSn)4E6]: Effects of Substituent and Chalcogenide Variation
Authors: Dornsiepen Eike , Dobener Florian , Chatterjee Sangam , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdamantane‐type organotin chalcogenide clusters of the general composition [(RT)4S6] (R=aromatic substituent, T=Si, Ge, Sn) have extreme non‐linear optical properties that lead to highly directional white‐light generation (WLG) upon irradiation with an IR laser diode. However, the mechanism is not yet understood. Now, a series of compounds [(RSn)4E6] (R=phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, CH2CH2(C6H4)CO2Et; E=S, Se), were prepared, characterized, and investigated for their nonlinear optical properties. With the exception of crystalline [(BnSn)4S6], all these compounds exhibit WLG with similar emission spectra; slight blue‐shifts are observed by introduction of cyclopentadienyl substituents, while the introduction of Se in the inorganic core can provoke a red‐shift. These investigations disprove the initial assumption of an aromatic substituent being a necessary precondition; the precondition seems to be the presence of (cyclic) substituents providing enough electron density.
Exploiting the versatility of pyridyl ligands for the preparation of diorganotin (IV) adducts: spectral, crystallographic and Hirshfeld surface analysis studies
Authors: Momeni Badri Z. , Fathi Nastaran , Abbasi Reyhaneh , Janczak Jan 
Published: September 2019

Diorganotin (IV) complexes SnR2X2 (R = Me, Ph; X = Cl, NCS) form a series of versatile complexes when react with bidentate substituted pyridyl ligands. The reaction of dimethyltin dichloride with 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (5,5′‐Me2bpy) resulted in the formation of [SnMe2Cl2(5,5′‐Me2bpy)] (1). Moreover, the reaction of SnMe2(NSC)2 with 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (bu2bpy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bphen) affords the hexa‐coordinated complexes [SnMe2(NCS)2(bu2bpy)] (2), [SnMe2(NCS)2(phen)] (3) and [SnMe2(NCS)2(bphen)] (4), respectively. The resulting complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) and DEPT‐135° NMR spectroscopy. On the other hand, the reaction of diphenyltin dichloride with 2,2′‐biquinoline (biq) and 4,7‐phenantroline (4,7‐phen) led to the formation of polymeric complexes of [SnPh2Cl2(4,7‐phen)]n (5) and [SnPh2Cl2(biq)]n (6). The NMR spectra, however, reveal the ligand lability in solution and suggest a coordination number of 5. The X‐ray crystal structures of complexes [SnMe2Cl2(5,5′‐Me2bpy)] (1), [SnMe2(NCS)2(bu2bpy)] (2) and [SnMe2(NCS)2(bphen)] (4) have been determined which reveal that the geometry around the tin atom is distorted octahedral with trans‐[SnMe2] configuration. Interestingly, the crystal structure of (H2biq)2[SnPh2Cl4]•2CHCl3 (7) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography from a chloroform solution of [SnPh2Cl2(biq)]n (6) indicating the formation of doubly protonated [H2biq]+ and [Ph2SnCl4]2− which are stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds with a feature of trans‐[SnPh2]. The 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint maps were used for quantitative mapping out of the intermolecular interactions for 1, 2, 4 and 7 which show the presence of π‐π and hydrogen bonding interactions which are associated between donor and acceptor atoms (N, S, Cl) in the solid state.
Smooth Muscle in Cardiac Chambers is Common in Turtles and Extensive in the Emydid Turtle,Trachemys scripta
Authors: Joyce William , Crossley Dane A. , Wang Tobias , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA prominent layer of smooth muscle lining the luminal side of the atria of freshwater turtles (Emydidae) was described more than a century ago. We recently demonstrated that this smooth muscle provides a previously unrecognized mechanism to change cardiac output in the emydid red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta) that possibly contributes to their tremendous diving capacity. The purpose of the present immunohistochemical study was firstly to screen major groups of vertebrates for the presence of cardiac smooth muscle. Secondly, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of cardiac smooth muscle within the turtle order (Testudines), including terrestrial and aquatic species. Atrial smooth muscle was not detected in a range of vertebrates, includingXenopus laevis,Alligator mississippiensis, andCaiman crocodilus, all of which have pronounced diving capacities. However, we confirmed earlier reports that traces of smooth muscle are found in human atrial tissue. Only within the turtles (eight species) was there substantial amounts of nonvascular smooth muscle in the heart. This amount was greatest in the atria, while the amount in proportion to cardiac muscle was greater in the sinus venosus than in other chambers.T. scriptahad more smooth muscle in the sinus venosus and atria than the other turtles. In some specimens, there was some smooth muscle in the ventricle and the pulmonary vein. Our study demonstrates that cardiac smooth muscle likely appeared early in turtle evolution and has become extensive within the Emydidae family, possibly in association with diving. Across other tetrapod clades, cardiac smooth muscle might not associate with diving. Anat Rec, 303:1327–1336, 2020. © 2019 The Authors.The Anatomical Recordpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.
An Insight into Professional Identity Formation: Qualitative Analyses of Two Reflection Interventions During the Dissection Course
Authors: Shiozawa Thomas , Glauben Markus , Banzhaf Michael , Griewatz Jan , Hirt Bernhard , Zipfel Stephan , Lammerding‐Koeppel Maria , Herrmann‐Werner Anne 
Published: September 2019

The professional behavior of future doctors is increasingly important in medical education. One of the first subjects in the curriculum to address this issue is gross anatomy. The Tuebingen Medical Faculty implemented a learning portfolio and a seminar on medical professionalism during the dissection course. The aims of this research project are to get an overview of how students form a professional identity in the dissection course and to compare the content of both their oral and written reflections on the course. A qualitative analysis was conducted of the oral and written reflections on the dissection laboratory experience. This study was conducted during winter term 2013/2014 with a cohort of 163 participants in the regular dissection course. Written reflection texts (from n = 96 students) and audio recordings from four oral reflection seminar discussions (with n = 11 students) were transcribed and deductively categorized with Mayring’s qualitative content analysis method. Both qualitative analyses show that students reflected on many topics relevant to professional development, including empathy, respect, altruism, compassion, teamwork, and self‐regulation. Quantitative analysis reveals that students who attended the oral reflection wrote significantly more in their written reflection than students who did not. There is, however, no difference in the reflection categories. Reflection content from students corresponds with categories derived from existing competency frameworks. Both the seminar (oral reflections) and the learning portfolio (written reflections) present excellent opportunities to foster professional development during anatomy education; the key is using them in conjunction with the dissection course.
Impact of Background Music on Medical Student Anxiety and Performance During Anatomical Dissections: A Cluster Randomized Interventional Trial
Authors: Bellier Alexandre , Secheresse Thibault , Stoeckle Anne , Dols Anne‐Marie , Chaffanjon Philippe C. 
Published: September 2019

Anatomical dissection on cadavers can be a source of anxiety for medical students. Studies in other stressful settings have shown a reduction in anxiety when there is background music. The objective of this study was to determine if music can have an impact on student anxiety, student satisfaction, and student performance in dissection room. This cluster randomized interventional trial included 187 second‐year medical students. The intervention was standardized background music, selected based on the literature, with a tempo of between 60 and 80 bpm. Six balanced clusters were randomized (1:1) to music or no music during dissection sessions. The main assessment criterion was a validated self‐evaluation scale score for anxiety, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Student satisfaction was measured using a visual analog scale and dissection performance was evaluated by an examination. The outcomes were analyzed with mixed models adjusted on group effect, chronic anxiety, and confounding factors. A significant (58%) relative decrease in acute anxiety, odds ratio 0.423 [0.160; 0.710] was found for the music intervention group. Music also had a positive impact on performance with students in the intervention group attaining higher grades than those in the control group (0.42/10 higher, P = 0.0016). The study also showed a nonsignificant increase in satisfaction with 0.37 extra points (P = 0.137) in the intervention group. Background music had a significant impact on anxiety in the dissection room and on technical and theoretical performance in the subsequent anatomy examination. This music intervention could be extended to other stressful work environments.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Platform for Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Yadav Anand , Kanoo Prakash 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly promising Lewis acid catalysts; they either inherently possess Lewis acid sites (LASs) on it or the LASs can be generated through various post‐synthetic methods, the later can be performed in MOFs in a trivial fashion. MOFs are suitable platform for catalysis because of its highly crystalline and porous nature. Moreover, with recent advancements, thermal and chemical stability is not a problem with many MOFs. In this Minireview, an enormous versatility of MOFs, in terms of their microporosity/mesoporosity, size/shape selectivity, chirality, pore size, etc., has been highlighted. These are advantageous for designing and performing various targeted organic transformations. Although, many organic transformations catalyzed by MOFs with LASs have been reported in the recent past. In this Minireview, we have restricted ourselves to four important organic reactions: (i) cyanosilylation, (ii) Diels–Alder reaction, (iii) C−H activation, and (iv) CO2‐addition. The discussion focuses mostly on the recent reports (42 examples).
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloadditions of Allenic Ketones: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Wang Xin , Lu Mengxue , Su Qin , Zhou Minghui , Addepalli Yesu , Yao Weijun , Wang Zhen , Lu Yixin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmino‐acid‐derived phosphine catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition leading to chiral tetrahydropyridines, making use of α‐substituted allenic ketones as “C4 synthons” and N‐sulfonyl cyclic ketimines, has been developed. This asymmetric cycloaddition tolerates a wide range of α‐substituted allenic ketones. A series of chiral sultam‐fused tetrahydropyridines bearing a quaternary stereocenter were obtained in high yields with good enantioselectivities.
Identification for Wiener‐Hammerstein systems under quantized inputs and quantized output observations
Authors: Guo Jin , Zhao Yanlong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the Wiener‐Hammerstein system identification with quantized inputs and quantized output observations. By parameterizing the static nonlinear function, system identifiability is discussed first. Then, for the identifiable system a three‐step algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters by employing the empirical measure‐based method and the quasi‐convex combination technique. Finally, the algorithm is proved to be strongly convergent, the mean‐square convergence rate is presented, and the asymptotic efficiency is given by selecting a suitable transformation matrix. A numerical simulation is included to demonstrate the main results obtained.