bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Refined Characterization of Rebound for Irregularly Shaped, High-Speed Particles Incident on Aerospace Grade Titanium
Authors: Weindorf Brandon J. , Ehlers Alix , Todd Lowe K. , Ng Wing , Caddick Mark , Loebig Jim , Morrison Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The observed stochasticity in rebounding trajectories for particle-surface interactions in turbomachinery is often attributed to irregularities in particle shape. However, at higher speeds, plastic deformation of the surface can significantly influence the rebounding particle trajectory. This work explores the interaction between particle shape and surface plastic deformation at high speeds and the effect that it has on the observed spread in rebounding trajectories. Two parameters often used to characterize particle-surface interactions in turbomachinery are the coefficient of restitution (COR) and rebounding angle. A fully time-resolved two-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (2DPTV) system is employed on a high-speed free jet rig to study particle-surface interactions for 150μm−250μm crushed quartz incident on Grade 4 (Commercial) Titanium. Particle speeds range between 50m/s and 130m/s and nominal incidence angles of 30∘ and 90∘ are studied. In this work, a novel approach that couples the study of both the particle and particle-surface interactions is discussed. In addition to a full description of the experimental procedure, a source of random uncertainty stemming from particle shape coupled with rotation and inter-pixel effects is presented for both velocity and rebounding angle measurements. Moreover, the sensitivity of particle rebounding trajectories to particle shape is explored. A model from the literature is modified to include the effects that particle shape has on the normal coefficient of restitution. The sensitivity study of particle shape is then expanded to total COR and rebounding angle. It is shown that increases in plastic deformation decrease the sensitivity of the COR (both total and normal) to particle shape, reducing the spread of COR values. In contrast, the spread in rebounding angles is dominated by particle shape irregularities and incidence angle with little dependence on plastic deformation.
Complete genome sequence of
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
LU150, a potential vitamin B
12
producer from the NORDBIOTIC collection
Authors: Szczepankowska A.K. , Cukrowska B. , Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We performed whole-genome sequencing of
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
LU150, a human fecal isolate from the NORDBIOTIC collection. The genome consists of 2,039,406 bp with a GC content of 38.9%. The genetic content of LU150 suggests its probiotic potential.
Development and evaluation of a CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostic test for rapid detection and genotyping of HR-HPV in clinical specimens
Authors: Yin Lijuan , Zhao Ziqian , Wang Chunhua , Zhou Caihong , Wu Xiuzhen , Gao Baoxue , Wang Liangyuan , Man Shuli , Cheng Xinkuan , Wu Qiankun , Hu Siqi , Fan Hongxia , Ma Long , Xing Hui , Shen Liang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the principal etiological factor of cervical cancer. Considering the gradual progression of cervical cancer, the early, rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of HPV, particularly HR-HPV types, is crucial in halting the advancement of the illness. Here, we established a rapid, highly sensitive, and specific HR-HPV detection platform, leveraging the CRISPR/Cas12a assay in conjunction with multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification. Our platform enables the detection and genotyping of 14 types of HR-HPV by using type-specific crRNAs. The outcomes of the detection can be interpreted either through a fluorescence reader or visually. Furthermore, we achieved one-tube multiplex detection of 14 HR-HPV types through the use of multiple amplifications and a crRNA pool. The detection sensitivity of this method is 2 copies/μL with no cross-reactivity, and the results can be obtained within 30 minutes. This method exhibited 100% clinical sensitivity and 100% clinical specificity when applied to 258 clinical specimens. Based on these findings, our CRISPR/Cas-based HR-HPV detection platform holds promise as a novel clinical detection tool, offering a visually intuitive and expedited alternative to existing HPV infection diagnostics and providing fresh perspectives for clinical cervical cancer screening.

IMPORTANCE
This study developed a novel high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection platform based on CRISPR/Cas12a technology. This platform not only enables the rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection and genotyping of 14 types of HR-HPV but also achieves single-tube multiplex detection of 14 HR-HPV types through ingenious design. The outcomes of the detection can be interpreted either through a fluorescence reader or visually. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to utilize CRISPR/Cas diagnostic technology for the simultaneous detection of 14 types of HPV and to evaluate its feasibility in clinical sample detection using a large number of clinical samples. We hope that this work will facilitate the rapid and accurate detection of HPV and promote the broader application of CRISPR/Cas diagnostic technology.
Adherence to cervical cancer screening in France: factors influencing the healthcare professionals’ decisions—a qualitative study
Authors: Mignot Stéphanie , Naiditch Nicolas , Llorens Justine , Fritel Xavier 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo understand what leads to the non-adherence to the cervical cancer screening (CCS) recommendations during a consultation.DesignFor this qualitative study, in-depth semistructured interviews were carried out with French healthcare professionals. An interview guide was developed and tested. It included the following themes: CCS recommendations, patients’ profiles, relationship with patients, emotional work, over-screening and under-screening. Interviews were carried out until data saturation (no new data, theoretical diversity reached). The grounded theory was used for data analysis.ParticipantsGynaecologists, midwives and general practitioners (GPs). The sample diversity was achieved using the following criteria: place of work, type of healthcare profession, type of patients, private-sector or hospital professional.SettingInterviews were conducted between July and December 2022 in six regions in France.ResultsIn-depth semistructured interviews were carried out with 15 midwives, 24 GPs and 11 gynaecologists from six French regions. Their analysis highlighted that the following factors contributed to the non-adherence to the CCS recommendation: burden of caring for family members for some women, adhesion to the principle of yearly screening by healthcare professionals and patients, need of negotiating the respect of the CCS recommendations, use of emotions, and arbitration to prioritise what is needed for good health maintenance. The search for mutual emotional comfort led some healthcare professionals to adopt attitudes towards the CCS that avoid positioning conflicts, even if this means departing from the recommendations.ConclusionCCS can be correctly performed if healthcare professionals and patients agree on the need of actively taking care of their health, which is difficult for women from lower sociocultural backgrounds. During the one-to-one meeting with their patients, healthcare professionals may find difficult to apply the CCS recommendations, although they know and agree with them.
Diagnostics for optimised dengue surveillance: a qualitative focus group study to investigate user experience and requirements in Thailand
Authors: Arkell Paul , Ketklao Sanhapon , Songjaeng Adisak , Mairiang Dumrong , Rodriguez-Manzano Jesus , Georgiou Pantelis , Holmes Alison , Ahmad Raheelah , Malasit Prida , Avirutnan Panisadee , Lawpoolsri Saranath 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesEffective, real-time surveillance of dengue may provide early warning of outbreaks and support targeted disease-control intervention but requires widespread accurate diagnosis and timely case reporting. Research directing innovation in diagnostics for dengue surveillance is lacking. This study aimed to describe experience and requirements of relevant prospective users.DesignA qualitative, focus group study was conducted.ParticipantsData were collected from 19 users of diagnostic technology who work across the Thai dengue surveillance system.Data collection and analysisContextual knowledge, experience and needs were explored in focus groups. Discussions were translated, transcribed, analysed thematically and mapped to Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains.ResultsParticipants expressed a need for rapid, accurate, serotype-specific tests which can be operated easily by non-expert users without laboratory equipment. They supported integration of diagnostics with surveillance systems and felt this would increase the quantity and speed of case reporting as well as provide healthcare professionals with up-to-date information about the number of cases locally, thereby aiding interpretation of test results. Concerns included those relating to data security and the cost of tests.ConclusionsEngagement to understand prospective user experience and requirements can improve relevance and uptake of new technology, leading to system efficiencies. The present study highlights specific needs for accurate, serotype-specific, remote-connected diagnostics which are integrated with surveillance systems and support dengue case reporting at the point-of-care.
Immune microenvironment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative compared to EBV-associated gastric cancers: implications for immunotherapy
Authors: McMiller Tracee L , Besharati Sepideh , Yarchoan Mark , Zhu Qingfeng , Ünsal-Kaçmaz Keziban , Xu Ke , Lee Junghwa , Bhaijee Feriyl , Engle Logan L , Taube Janis M , Berger Alan E , Anders Robert A , Topalian Suzanne L 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundGastric carcinomas (GC) are aggressive malignancies, and only ~15% of patients respond to anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) monotherapy. However, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated GCs (~5–10% of GCs) often harbor PD-L1 and PD-L2 chromosomal amplifications and robust CD8+ T cell infiltrates, and respond at a high rate to anti-PD-1. The current study compares the tumor immune microenvironments (TiMEs) of EBV+ versus EBV(−) GCs.MethodsOver 1000 cases of primary invasive GCs were screened to identify 25 treatment-naïve specimens for study (11 EBV+, 14 EBV(−)). Quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted for markers of immune cell subsets and co-regulatory molecules. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed on RNAs isolated from macrodissected areas of CD3+ T cell infiltrates abutting PD-L1+ stromal/tumor cells, using multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR for a panel of 122 candidate immune-related genes.ResultsIHC revealed that 17/25 GCs contained PD-L1+ stromal cells, with no significant difference between EBV+/- specimens; however, only 3/25 specimens (all EBV+) contained PD-L1+ tumor cells. CD8+ T cell densities were higher in EBV+ versus EBV(−) tumors (p=0.044). With GEP normalized to the pan-leukocyte markerPTPRC/CD45, EBV+ GCs overexpressedITGAE(CD103, marking intraepithelial T cells and a dendritic cell subset) and the interferon-inducible genesCXCL9andIDO1. In contrast, EBV(−) tumors overexpressed several functionally-related gene groups associated with myeloid cells (CD163,IL1A,NOS2, RIGI),immunosuppressive cytokines/chemokines (CXCL2,CXCR4,IL10, IL32),coinhibitory molecules (HAVCR2/TIM-3 andVSIR/VISTA), and adenosine pathway components (ENTPD1/CD39 andNT5E/CD73). Notably, compared with EBV+ GCs, EBV(−) GCs also overexpressed components of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway associated with cancer-promoting inflammation, includingPTGS2/COX-2 (most highly upregulated gene, 32-fold, p=0.005); prostaglandin receptorsPTGER1(EP1; up 21-fold, p=0.015) andPTGER4(EP4; up twofold, p=0.022); and the major COX-2-inducing cytokineIL1B(up 11-fold, p=0.019). Consistent with these findings, COX-2 protein expression trended higher in EBV(−) versus EBV+ GCs (p=0.068).ConclusionsWhile certain markers of immunosuppression are found in the GC TiME regardless of EBV status, EBV(−) GCs, which are much more common than EBV+ GCs, overexpress components of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the immune microenvironments of EBV+ and EBV(−) GC, and offer potential targets to overcome resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 therapies.
Noether symmetries of Bianchi type II universe in modified teleparallel f(T) gravity
Authors: Ijaz Nitasha , Rubbab Qammar , Ramzan Muhammad , Hussain Fiaz 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore Noether symmetries of Bianchi type II universe in the modified teleparallel [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is a function of the torsion scalar [Formula: see text]. In a physical context, the selection of Noether symmetries provides constraints that are helpful in building conservation laws. Some of the well-known examples of such laws are the conservation of energy and momentum. In this study, initially, we explore certain classes of Bianchi type II universe considering linear as well as nonlinear [Formula: see text] gravity models. In view of such models, equations of motion of the [Formula: see text] gravity have been solved in twelve cases. In each of the cases, we apply the definition of Noether symmetry which tends to a set of nineteen equations. Upon solving these equations, we reach the fact that the Bianchi type II universe in the background of [Formula: see text] gravity admits only four Noether vector fields (NVFs). As a result, the physical entities which we observe are the conservation of linear and generalized momentum.
Investigating the Impact of Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying on Suicidal Attempts in Chinese Youth: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Sihong , Ni Xi , Luo Xuerong , Jin Xingyue , Song Lintong , Fan Tianqing , Zhang Leyin , Shen Yanmei 
Published: November 2024

Aims: It is unknown whether bullying exposure is independently associated with suicide attempts incidence. This study aims to investigate the association between traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and subsequent risk of suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 1162 participants (mean age, 12.59, 54.5% male) were recruited from November 2020 to December 2020 in Changsha Hunan Province. In total, 782 of them completed the follow‐up in May and June 2021 and were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression was utilized to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Gender differences in these associations were further explored by stratified analysis.Results: Adolescents who engaged in bullying perpetration (BP) and experienced cyberbullying victimization (CV) were significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts in the 6‐month follow‐up even after adjusting for age, ethnicity, single child, depression, anxiety, and stress in the baseline (BP: adjusted OR [aOR] = 3.337, 95% CI: 1.463–7.611, p = 0.004; CV: aOR = 3.338, 95% CI: 1.468–7.590, p = 0.004). Furthermore, the association between BP and suicide attempts was found to be statistically significant only among male adolescents (aOR = 6.692, 95% CI: 1.566–28.601, p = 0.01), while CV was significantly associated with a heightened risk of suicide attempts among female adolescents (aOR = 4.452, 95% CI: 1.684–11.771, p = 0.003).Conclusions: BP and CV were longitudinally associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts in Chinese youth, and these associations vary across genders.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Sickle Cell Emergencies Readmission in the Clinical Hematology Department of Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Diallo Alioune Badara , Seck Moussa , Touré Sokhna Aissatou , Keita Mohamed , Bousso Elimane Seydi , Faye Blaise Félix , Diop Saliou 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Sickle cell emergencies are the most common cause of hospitalization for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Hospital readmissions represent a considerable financial burden for healthcare systems and increase patient morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictive factors of sickle cell emergencies readmission.Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional, descriptive, and analytical study over a 4‐month period, including all adult patients admitted for an emergency related to SCD: vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC), acute chest syndrome (ACS), severe anemia, infections, priapism, and stroke. Readmission was considered when the patient returned to the emergency within a period of <30 days, either due to recurrence, persistence of the same complication, or the occurrence of another acute complication related to SCD.Results: We recorded 151 sickle cell emergencies for 112 patients, representing 0.33 emergencies/month/patient. Fifty‐eight cases of readmission were recorded, resulting in a readmission rate of 38.41%. Among these patients, 53 (91.37%) had two admissions, and 5 (8.62%) had three admissions. The median age of the patients was 28.41 years (16–70 years), and the sex ratio was 0.57. The SS sickle cell phenotype was predominant in 97 patients (86.61%). The reasons for readmission were VOC (82.75%), ACS (13.72%), and severe anemia (3.44%). The main factors that predicted readmission were the existence of professional activity, a low fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level, the existence of neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and/or thrombocytosis (p values of 0.0084, 0.043, and 0.020 respectively).Conclusion: The 30‐day readmission rate after a sickle cell emergency is high in our study. The main factors that predicted readmission were the existence of professional activity, a relatively low level of fetal Hb, the existence of neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and/or thrombocytosis.
Effect of Serum Interleukin‐6 Concentration on the Prognosis After Radiotherapy for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Yong , Zhou Yongkang , Du Shisuo , Zhu Wenchao , Chen Yixing , Zeng Zhaochong 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association between interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentration before radiotherapy (RT) and the prognosis after RT for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The clinical data for 101 patients with HCC who received RT from October 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. In these patients, the tumors were confined to the liver, and IL‐6 concentration was measured before RT. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the independent factors affecting the patients’ prognosis. X‐tile software was used to obtain the optimal cut‐off value of pre‐RT IL‐6 concentration (7.8 pg/mL) for overall survival (OS).Results: The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS rates were 84.4%, 55.8%, and 34.7%, respectively, for patients with a pre‐RT IL‐6 concentration > 7.8 pg/mL versus 96.0%, 80.1%, and 80.1%, respectively, for those with a pre‐RT IL‐6 concentration ≤ 7.8 pg/mL. The OS rates of the two groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) time was 7.5 months versus 15.1 months for patients with pre‐RT IL‐6 concentrations > 7.8 pg/mL and ≤ 7.8 pg/mL, respectively (p = 0.001). Pre‐RT IL‐6 concentration was an independent prognostic factor of OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.421, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.477–7.927, p = 0.004). Pre‐RT IL‐6 concentration (HR = 2.235, 95% CI: 1.176–4.246, p = 0.014) and age (HR = 0.615, 95% CI: 0.383–0.987, p = 0.044) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.Conclusions: The prognosis of HCC patients receiving RT was worse for those with a pre‐RT serum IL‐6 concentration > 7.8 pg/mL than those with a pre‐RT serum IL‐6 concentration ≤ 7.8 pg/mL. Pre‐RT IL‐6 concentrations may affect the prognosis of HCC patients.
A Small Device May Deliver King‐Sized Solutions for Patients With an Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Laird P. , MacKenzie G. , Gill F. , Burr C. , McKinnon E. , Cooper M. , Geelhoed E. , Schultz A. 
Published: November 2024

Aim: The aim is to examine whether using a portable spring‐infusor device to deliver antibiotics compared with a standard infusion pump (SIP) translated to (i) improve health outcomes, (ii) reduce the length of stay (LoS), and (iii) reduce cost for treatment of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2022 with participants aged 8–19 years admitted for exacerbation of CF. An activity monitor was fitted to participants to measure physical activities for the final 5 days of hospital admission. LoS was measured (days). Group allocation was according to participant preference. Costs were compared between the two groups for LoS, pump cost, and preparation and administration of antibiotics.Results:Twenty‐seven of 30 eligible participants were approached, and 22 consented. Data were captured for 16 participants (spring‐infusor n = 9): 10 female; mean (SD) age 14.5 (2.1) years. Average step count was negatively associated with age (rho = 0.50), and greater overall in participants using spring‐infusors (mean 5324 (SD 2873) steps) versus SIPs (4806 (3116) steps) ‐ mean (95% CI) increase in the spring‐infusor group of 3246 (54‐6438) for participants of the same age. LoS was longer on average in the SIP group, (mean (SD) LoS: 16.1 (4.3) versus 12.4 (1.7)). The estimated cost saving for a child using a spring‐infusor was AUS$12,000.Conclusion:Results from the study suggest that children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF are more active if they receive antibiotics via a spring‐infusor device compared with a SIP, and have reduced hospital stay that results in cost saving to the hospital. What is already known? Spring‐infusors are small, portable, and mechanical devices to deliver intravenous antibiotics to patients. Spring‐infusors are preferred by patients with CF at Perth Children’s Hospital Physical activity in children with CF is recommended, including during hospital admissions to promote wellbeing, quality of life, and health outcomes. What this paper adds? Children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF may be more active if they receive antibiotics via a portable spring‐infusor device compared with a SIP. Children using spring‐infusors had reduced hospital stays that results in cost saving to the hospital. Children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF step on average, fewer than 5000 steps per day, which is well below recommendations.