bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast failure prediction of adhesively bonded structures using a coupled stress‐energetic failure criterion
Authors: Le Pavic Jérémy , Stamoulis Georgios , Bonnemains Thomas , Da Silva David , Thévenet David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of adhesively bonded joints in industrial structures requires reliable tools for the estimation of the failure load. The necessary and sufficient condition to predict the strength of such joints involves the implementation of a coupled stress and energetic criteria. However, its application necessitates the identification of the stress distribution along the adhesive layer, which has been approximated in this paper by a previously published closed‐form solution. This analysis along with finite element modelling results are compared with experimental data issued from a double‐notched sample tested with the Arcan fixture at various load ratios. The results show good agreement; the use of the closed‐form solution permitted to predict the failure load more rapidly and in a conservative manner compared with the experimental results. The application of the methodology is also extended to a wider range of joint geometries by means of spatial interpolation using the Kriging model.
Home and neighbourhood built environment features in family‐based treatment for childhood obesity
Authors: Hayes J. F. , Balantekin K. N. , Conlon R. P. K. , Brown M. L. , Stein R. I. , Welch R. R. , Perri M. G. , Schechtman K. B. , Epstein L. H. , Wilfley D. E. , Saelens B. E. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundFamily‐based behavioural weight loss treatment (FBT) for childhood obesity helps families develop strategies to facilitate healthy choices in their home and other environments (e.g. home neighbourhood). The current study examines how the home food environment, both pre‐FBT and post‐FBT, and the neighbourhoods in which families live are associated with child weight and weight‐related outcomes in FBT.MethodsParent–child dyads (n = 181) completed a 16‐session FBT programme and completed home environment, anthropometric and child dietary/activity assessments at pre‐FBT and post‐FBT. Parents reported on availability of food, electronics and physical activity equipment in the home. The neighbourhood food and recreation environments around each dyad's residence was characterized using existing data within a geographic information system.ResultsFamilies successfully made healthy home environment modifications during FBT. Regression models showed reducing RED (e.g. high‐energy‐dense and low‐nutrient‐dense) foods and electronics in the home during FBT had positive effects on child weight and weight‐related outcomes. No neighbourhood food or recreation environment variables were significantly related to outcomes, although having a larger density of public recreation spaces was associated with increases in physical activity at the trend‐level.ConclusionsModifying the home environment, specifically reducing RED foods and electronics, may be particularly important for FBT success.
When political values and perceptions of deservingness collide: Evaluating public support for homelessness investments in Canada
Authors: Doberstein Carey , Smith Alison 
Published: October 2018

Citizen attitudes toward welfare state investments are often explained by their ideological values and their perceptions of deservingness of welfare recipients, yet recent experimental research has led to the theorization that clear deservingness cues can overwhelm otherwise strong ideological beliefs. We tested these claims with respect to homelessness in Canada using a vignette survey experiment and found evidence that citizens with very different political beliefs can support similar government investments, indeed from a shared sense of deservingness as suggested by recent experimental studies, but that support is anchored by rather different reasons.Key Practitioner Message:• Citizen support for homelessness investments is jointly mediated by ideology and a sense of the “deservingness” of the beneficiary.• Emphasizing the broader cost savings to taxpayers from “Housing First” does not make conservative‐leaning citizens more supportive of investments.• Emphasizing the personal attributes of persons experiencing homelessness rather than abstract statistics may unite progressives and conservatives on “deservingness”.
Photodarkening and anti‐Stokes photoluminescence from PbSe and Sr2+‐doped PbSe quantum dots in silicate glasses
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Jing , Liu Chao , Han Jianjun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) properties of PbSe and Sr2+‐doped PbSe quantum dots (QDs) doped in silicate glasses were investigated by changing the excited laser wavelength and intensity. When BaO was replaced by SrO, the Sr2+‐doped PbSe QDs formed and showed large blue‐shifts in both absorption and PL bands compared to the PbSe QDs. It is attributed to the increasing in band gap resulted by the incorporation of Sr2+ ions into PbSe QDs. These two kinds of QDs were excited by the laser with the wavelengths of 1319 and 1532 nm. When rising the pumping intensity up to 1000 mW, the PL intensity from Sr2+‐doped PbSe QDs monotonically increased, while, the PL intensity from PbSe QDs reached maximum at pumping intensity at ~200 mW (λex = 1319 nm) and ~300 mW (λex = 1532 nm). The good resistance to photodarkening of Sr2+‐doped PbSe QDs is indicated passivation effect on the surface defects from Sr2+ ions doping. For Sr2+‐doped PbSe QDs the anti‐Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) were observed when using both 1319 and 1532 nm excitation. The integrated intensity of the ASPL is linear with the excitation intensity, which indicates that the ASPL belongs to the phonon‐assisted one‐photon process. And the ASPL intensity as a function of excitation intensity shows a size dependence of the QDs.
Points mechanisms and rewards programs
Authors: Temnyalov Emil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractI study points programs, such as frequent flyer and other rewards programs, as a revenue management tool. I develop a two‐period contracting model where a capacity‐constrained firm faces consumers who privately learn their valuations over time. The firm cannot commit to long‐term contracts, but it can commit to allocate any unsold capacity through a points program. This points scheme creates an endogenous and type‐dependent outside option for consumers, which generates novel incentives in the firm's pricing problem. It induces the firm to screen less ex interim, and to offer lower equilibrium prices, reversing the intuition of demand cannibalization.
Influence of cleaning methods on bond strength to saliva contaminated zirconia
Authors: Irmak Özgür , Yaman Batu Can , Orhan Ekim Onur , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Mante Francis K. , Ozer Fusun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of saliva contamination and cleaning procedures on shear bond strength (SBS) of a self‐adhesive resin cement (SAC) to zirconia surfaces.Materials and MethodsA total of 160 sandblasted zirconia blocks were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: No saliva contamination, no cleansing (NC‐NC); contamination with saliva, no cleansing (SC‐NC); no saliva contamination, cleansing with a zirconia primer (ZP; Z‐Bond, Danville Materials, Inc., S. Ramon, California) (NC‐ZP); contamination with saliva, cleansing with ZP (SC‐ZP); no saliva contamination, cleansing with hydrofluoric acid (HF; Ultradent Porcelain Etch; Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) followed by cleansing with ZP (NC‐HF‐ZP); contamination with saliva, cleansing with HF followed by cleansing with ZP (SC‐HF‐ZP); cleansing with ZP, contamination with saliva, cleansing with ZP (ZP‐SC‐ZP); application of ZP, contamination with saliva, cleansing with HF followed by cleansing with ZP (ZP‐SC‐HF‐ZP). Cylindrical resin composite blocks were luted to the zirconia surfaces with SAC (Clearfil SA Cement Automix, Kuraray, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Specimens were subjected to shear forces at a cross‐head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe bond strength values to zirconia were significantly influenced by saliva contamination (P < .05). The SC‐NC group showed the lowest bond strength values (5.6 ± 1.4 MPa; P < .05). All cleansing or pretreatment agents improved the bond strengths when compared to noncleansing groups, NC‐NC and SC‐NC.ConclusionIn situations where saliva contamination is deemed unavoidable, application of ZP after try‐in of the zirconia restoration could be beneficial for the accurate cementation.Clinical SignificanceDuring try‐in sessions of fixed dental prostheses, zirconia ceramic restoration may come into contact with saliva and surfaces should be cleansed to obtain an optimal surface for adhesion. Application of zirconia primer to the sandblasted zirconia surface is recommended whether the surface is contaminated with saliva or not.
Quantitative detection of moisture content in rice seeds based on hyperspectral technique
Authors: Lu Bing , Sun Jun , Yang Ning , Wu Xiaohong , Zhou Xin , Shen Jifeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo explore the best method for quantitative detection of moisture content in rice seeds, the total of 120 samples of rice seeds with different moisture content were studied by hyperspectral technique in the experiment. Sensitive wavelengths of moisture were firstly selected by calculating the migration rate, after that successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to select characteristic wavelengths. The clustering method was proposed to increase the ability of prediction model by increasing the discrimination of hyperspectral eigenvalues of each sample group. Firstly, fuzzy C‐mean clustering (FCM) algorithm was applied to cluster the characteristic wavelengths selected by SPA. Then the prediction model was established by support vector regression (SVR). Due to the unsatisfied clustering effect, simulated annealing genetic algorithm (SAGA) was introduced for clustering. By comparing the results based on original eigenvalues, FCM and SAGA clustering, respectively, it was found that the best method was SAGA. The SAGA‐SVR mode achieved the value with of .8892 and RMSEP of 0.0296. The relaxation variable was introduced to reduce interval threshold because the was not ideal, and the final value achieved with of .9318 and RMSEP of 0.0264. It was proved that the SAGA‐SVR model can be used for moisture detection of rice seeds.Practical applicationsRice is widely cultivated around the world, the moisture content of rice seed is an important index for judging the quality of rice seeds. The moisture detection of single rice seed is absolutely feasible, but the moisture content of single rice seed is not representative. Traditional methods cannot make batch detection of moisture content in rice seeds, which are also easy to cause secondary pollution in the process of detection, so they cannot meet the requirements of fine management in modern agricultural. Hyperspectral technology, a safe and effective technique, has been widely used in moisture detection of foods. This study showed that hyperspectral technology can accurately predict moisture content in rice seeds after proper data processing.
Microencapsulated ascorbic acid: Development, characterization, and release profile in simulated gastrointestinal fluids
Authors: da Cruz Michele Cristina Rodrigues , Perussello Camila Augusto , Masson Maria Lúcia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce ascorbic acid (AA) microcapsules by complex coacervation, characterize them, and evaluate the release profile in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The microcapsules were made of gelatin and pectin at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%. The coacervated microcapsules were assessed for morphology (by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), water activity (Aw), hygroscopicity, solubility, encapsulation efficiency (EE), thermal behavior, and AA release profile. The AA microcapsules were characterized by low solubility, low hygroscopicity, high thermal stability, and low diameter (<10 μm), with EE ranging from 23.7 to 94.3%. The release profile was faster in gastric fluid (pH 1.8) than in intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The sample containing 2.0% of wall material and 50% (w/w) of the simple emulsion (core) had the highest EE and the best in vitro release profile, with release of only 68% of AA in 120 min in the gastric fluid.Practical applicationsAscorbic acid (AA) is widely used in the food industry as an antioxidant, but practical use becomes limited due to its high instability. Microencapsulation was proposed as an alternative to increase the stability of this compound. Gelatin and pectin were used as wall materials in the production of ascorbic acid microcapsules by complex coacervation. Both solubility and hygroscopicity were low while the thermal stability of the active material improved with the microencapsulation process. Ascorbic acid release was more pronounced in gastric fluid (pH 1.8) and slower in intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The results of this study demonstrate that the microcapsules produced represent a feasible method of increasing AA availability in food products, especially for those samples that presented high encapsulation efficiency.
The CRISPR/Cas revolution continues: From efficient gene editing for crop breeding to plant synthetic biology
Authors: Kumlehn Jochen , Pietralla Janine , Hensel Goetz , Pacher Michael , Puchta Holger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince the discovery that nucleases of the bacterial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat)‐associated (Cas) system can be used as easily programmable tools for genome engineering, their application massively transformed different areas of plant biology. In this review, we assess the current state of their use for crop breeding to incorporate attractive new agronomical traits into specific cultivars of various crop plants. This can be achieved by the use of Cas9/12 nucleases for double‐strand break induction, resulting in mutations by non‐homologous recombination. Strategies for performing such experiments − from the design of guide RNA to the use of different transformation technologies − are evaluated. Furthermore, we sum up recent developments regarding the use of nuclease‐deficient Cas9/12 proteins, as DNA‐binding moieties for targeting different kinds of enzyme activities to specific sites within the genome. Progress in base deamination, transcriptional induction and transcriptional repression, as well as in imaging in plants, is also discussed. As different Cas9/12 enzymes are at hand, the simultaneous application of various enzyme activities, to multiple genomic sites, is now in reach to redirect plant metabolism in a multifunctional manner and pave the way for a new level of plant synthetic biology.
The Context of Entrepreneurial Judgment: Organizations, Markets, and Institutions
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. , Bjørnskov Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe economics and management literatures pay increasing attention to the technological, competitive, and institutional environment for entrepreneurship. However, less is known about how context influences the judgment of entrepreneurs. Focusing on the emerging judgment‐based approach to entrepreneurship, we argue that economics can say much about how the organizational, market, and institutional context shapes entrepreneurial judgment. We describe entrepreneurs as individuals who deploy scarce, heterogeneous resources to service customer preferences at a profit. Because of uncertainty, this process is essentially experimental, and context influences the experimental process. Thus, entrepreneurs will seek to design the internal organization of the firm so that it facilitates internal experimentation. Moreover, the market or task environment determines the need for experimentation (e.g., how fast do consumer preferences change, how does technology evolve, which assets are available at which terms, etc.). Finally, the institutional environment influences, for example, the transaction costs of acquiring and divesting assets as firms adjust their boundaries through ongoing commercial experimentation.
Attachment to Parents and Aggressiveness in Adopted Adolescents: A Multi‐Sample Comparison Study
Authors: Torres‐Gomez Barbara , Alonso‐Arbiol Itziar , Gallarin Miriam 
Published: October 2018

This study examined adopted adolescents’ levels of attachment security to parents and aggressiveness as compared to those of community nonadopted adolescents and of clinical nonadopted adolescents. Three different subsamples participated (n = 262): 101 community nonadopted adolescents (48.5% girls), 80 community adopted teens (65.0% girls), and 81 nonadopted counterparts (35.8% girls) who participated in a treatment program for youth with behavioral problems. There were no differences between community groups in attachment security or aggressiveness, whereas clinical nonadopted adolescents showed less attachment security and more aggressiveness than the other two groups. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the potential healing impact that living with adoptive families could have on adopted teenagers’ risk of maladaptive outcomes.
Non‐virological factors are drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma in virosuppressed hepatitis B cirrhosis: Results of ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort
Authors: Brichler Segolene , Nahon Pierre , Zoulim Fabien , Layese Richard , Bourcier Valerie , Audureau Etienne , Sutton Angela , Letouze Eric , Cagnot Carole , Marcellin Patrick , Guyader Dominique , Roulot Dominique , Pol Stanislas , de Ledinghen Victor , Zarski Jean‐Pierre , Calès Paul , Tran Albert , Peron Jean‐Marie , Mallat Ariane , Riachi Ghassan , Grange Jean‐Didier , Blanc Jean‐Frederic , Bacq Yannick , Ouzan Denis , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Mathurin Philippe , Larrey Dominique , Alric Laurent , Attali Pierre , Serfaty Lawrence , Pilette Christophe , Bourlière Marc , Thabut Dominique , Silvain Christine , Wartelle Claire , Zucman David , Christidis Christos , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Ganne‐Carrie Nathalie ,   the ANRS CO12 CirVir study group
Published: October 2018

SummaryWorldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs mainly in Asian patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to decipher the environmental and virological factors associated with HCC occurrence and validate risk scoring systems in a French multicentre prospective cohort of HBV cirrhotic patients. Patients with biopsy‐proven Child‐Pugh A viral cirrhosis included in the ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort who were HBsAg(+) without hepatitis C coinfection were selected for: (a) interview through a standardized questionnaire reporting coffee consumption and HCC familial history; (b) HBsAg quantification using baseline and sequential 2‐year frozen sera; (c) baseline HBV genotype determination; and (d) assessment of risk factors and applicability of HCC risk scores (Kaplan‐Meier analysis, Cox models). Among 317 patients studied (261 men, median age 53 years, past or ongoing antiviral treatment 93.3% and baseline detectable HBV DNA in 88 patients), the baseline and 2‐year median HBsAg levels were 810 and 463 IU/mL, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 65.2 months, 27 HCC cases were diagnosed (annual incidence: 1.6%). Three factors were independently associated with HCC occurrence: age > 50 years, platelets ≤ 150 × 103/mm3 and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Two out of five risk scores were validated, and the most accurate was PAGE‐B at 1 year. Moreover, HCC in patients without maintained virological suppression seems more aggressive and less accessible to curative treatment. In conclusion, in French patients with HBV cirrhosis mostly virally suppressed, independent HCC risk factors were host‐related (age, obesity) or linked to the severity of cirrhosis (thrombopenia), and the European PAGE‐B score was the most accurate risk score.
Development of an estimated glomerular filtration rate formula in cats
Authors: Finch Natalie C. , Syme Harriet M. , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas are routinely used in human patients to provide a more accurate evaluation of GFR compared to serum creatinine concentration alone. Similar formulas do not exist for cats.ObjectivesTo validate a prediction formula for eGFR in cats based on adjusting serum creatinine concentration.AnimalsClient‐owned cats with various levels of renal function.MethodsThe study was cross‐sectional. Glomerular filtration rate was determined by iohexol clearance. Variables including signalment, biochemical markers, and noninvasive measurements considered to represent surrogate markers of muscle mass were evaluated with the reciprocal of serum creatinine concentration in a multivariable regression model. The derived eGFR formula was subsequently tested in another group of cats and agreement with GFR assessed.ResultsThe formula was developed in 55 cats. Only a single morphometric measurement (pelvic circumference) along with the reciprocal of serum creatinine concentration (creatinine−1) independently predicted GFR in the final multivariate model. The derived eGFR formula was 0.408 + (243.11 × creatinine−1 [μmol/L]) ‐ (0.014 × pelvic circumference [cm]). When the formula was tested in another 25 cats it was not found to offer any advantage over creatinine−1 alone in its relationship with GFR (eGFR, R2 = 0.44, P < .001 vs reciprocal of creatinine, R2 = 0.45, P < .001). Furthermore, agreement between eGFR and GFR was poor.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAn eGFR formula for cats that adjusted serum creatinine concentration for a marker of muscle mass was developed. The formula did not provide a reliable estimate of GFR, and therefore, its routine use cannot be recommended.
Home Prices and Global Imbalances: Which Drives Which?
Authors: Miles William 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMany countries which experienced rising home prices (often described as bubbles) over the 2000s decade also ran large trade deficits. Some early research on the topic suggested that capital from trade surplus countries lowered borrowing costs and boosted housing values. In this scenario, the current account deficits and high home prices in bubble countries were driven in substantial part by capital flows from abroad.In contrast, some theoretical and empirical work suggests domestic factors‐rising home prices‐stimulate borrowing, which leads to current account deficits. In this more recent telling, it is domestic changes in bubble countries‐the increase in home values‐that drive trade imbalances, rather than the reverse.In this study, we investigate the interaction of both the current account and home prices for nine nations, with data spanning a minimum of the mid‐1990s to 2013, with the objective of determining whether external factors impact domestic housing markets. We use vector autoregressions and find strong evidence that the current account exerts a palpable effect on home values, even controlling for reverse causality and the effects of other variables.