bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Frontostriatal Connectivity in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Shukla Dinesh K , Chiappelli Joshua John , Sampath Hemalatha , Kochunov Peter , Hare Stephanie M , Wisner Krista , Rowland Laura M , Hong L Elliot 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNegative symptoms represent a distinct component of psychopathology in schizophrenia (SCZ) and are a stable construct over time. Although impaired frontostriatal connectivity has been frequently described in SCZ, its link with negative symptoms has not been carefully studied. We tested the hypothesis that frontostriatal connectivity at rest may be associated with the severity of negative symptoms in SCZ. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) data from 95 mostly medicated patients with SCZ and 139 healthy controls (HCs) were acquired. Negative symptoms were assessed using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. The study analyzed voxel-wise rsFC between 9 frontal “seed regions” and the entire striatum, with the intention to reduce potential biases introduced by predefining any single frontal or striatal region. SCZ showed significantly reduced rsFC between the striatum and the right medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), lateral prefrontal cortex, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex compared with HCs. Further, rsFC between the striatum and the right medial OFC was significantly associated with negative symptom severity. The involved striatal regions were primarily at the ventral putamen. Our results support reduced frontostriatal functional connectivity in SCZ and implicate striatal connectivity with the right medial OFC in negative symptoms. This task-independent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging study showed that medial OFC–striatum functional connectivity is reduced in SCZ and associated with severity of negative symptoms. This finding supports a significant association between frontostriatal connectivity and negative symptoms and thus may provide a potential circuitry-level biomarker to study the neurobiological mechanisms of negative symptoms.
Christian America in Black and White: Racial Identity, Religious-National Group Boundaries, and Explanations for Racial Inequality
Authors: Perry Samuel L , Whitehead Andrew L 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent research suggests that, for white Americans, conflating national and religious group identities is strongly associated with racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia, prompting some to argue that claims about Christianity being central to American identity are essentially about reinforcing white supremacy. Prior work has not considered, however, whether such beliefs may influence the racial views of nonwhite Americans differently from white Americans. Drawing on a representative sample of black and white Americans from the 2014 General Social Survey, and focusing on explanations for racial inequality as the outcome, we show that, contrary to white Americans, black Americans who view being a Christian as essential to being an American are actually more likely to attribute black–white inequality to structural issues and less to blacks’ individual shortcomings. Our findings suggest that, for black Americans, connecting being American to being Christian does not necessarily bolster white supremacy, but may instead evoke and sustain ideals of racial justice.
Infrared thermography as a tool to detect hoof lesions in sheep
Authors: Byrne Daire T , Berry Donagh P , Esmonde Harold , McGovern Fiona , Creighton Philip , McHugh Nóirín 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lameness has a major negative impact on sheep production. The objective of this study was to 1) quantify the repeatability of sheep hoof temperatures estimated using infrared thermography (IRT); 2) determine the relationship between ambient temperature, sheep hoof temperature, and sheep hoof health status; and 3) validate the use of IRT to detect infection in sheep hooves. Three experiments (a repeatability, exploratory, and validation experiment) were conducted over 10 distinct nonconsecutive days. In the repeatability experiment, 30 replicate thermal images were captured from each of the front and back hooves of nine ewes on a single day. In the exploratory experiment, hoof lesion scores, locomotion scores, and hoof thermal images were recorded every day from the same cohort of 18 healthy ewes in addition to a group of lame ewes, which ranged from one to nine ewes on each day. Hoof lesion and locomotion scores were blindly recorded by three independent operators. In the validation experiment, all of the same procedures from the exploratory experiment were applied to a new cohort of 40 ewes across 2 d. The maximum and average temperature of each hoof was extracted from the thermal images. Repeatability of IRT measurements was assessed by partitioning the variance because of ewe and error using mixed models. The relationship between ambient temperature, hoof temperature, and hoof health status was quantified using mixed models. The percentage of hooves correctly classified as healthy (i.e., specificity) and infected (i.e., sensitivity) was calculated for a range of temperature thresholds. Results showed that a small-to-moderate proportion of the IRT-estimated temperature variability in a given hoof was due to error (1.6% to 20.7%). A large temperature difference (8.5 °C) between healthy and infected hooves was also detected. The maximum temperature of infected hooves was unaffected by ambient temperature (P &gt; 0.05), whereas the temperature of healthy hooves was associated with ambient temperature. The best sensitivity (92%) and specificity (91%) results in the exploratory experiment were observed when infected hooves were defined as having a maximum hoof temperature ≥9 °C above the average of the five coldest hooves in the flock on that day. When the same threshold was applied to the validation dataset, a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 78% was achieved, indicating that IRT could have the potential to detect infection in sheep hooves.
Influence of therapeutic use of feedgrade tetracyclines in combination with tulathromycin metaphylaxis on animal health and performance of Holstein steer calves1
Authors: Szasz Josh I , McMurphy Casey P , Bryant Tony C , Luque Job , Barcelo Cristobal , Sepulveda Gabriel , Blood K Shawn , Bernhard Bryan C , Hughes Heather D 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFeedgrade chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are approved for use in beef cattle diets for the control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The objectives of this experiment were to compare CTC and OTC, administered according to label, for the treatment of BRD in Holstein calves and to characterize the influence of tulathromycin metaphylaxis in combination with tetracycline treatment. Summer-placed Holstein steer calves (n = 6,800) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (11 blocks; initial BW = 140 ± 18 kg) as they passed through the squeeze chute at initial processing in a commercial feedlot. Treatments consisted of: (i) CTC and tulathromycin metaphylaxis (CTC+TUL), (ii) OTC and tulathromycin metaphylaxis (OTC+TUL), (iii) tulathromycin metaphylaxis only (TUL), or (iv) CTC only (CTC). Cattle were fed for an average of 118 d. Tetracycline feeding was instituted based on visual assessment of the attending veterinarian in accordance with the veterinary feed directive. When applicable, CTC was fed as a top-dress at a rate of 4 g CTC·steer−1·d−1 for 5 consecutive days, beginning on 6 d on feed (DOF). Three 5-d pulses were delivered to CTC+TUL and CTC cattle, with a 48-h time lapse between pulses. Cattle on OTC+TUL were administered 4 g OTC·steer−1·d−1 as part of a complete diet for 14 consecutive days beginning on 10 DOF. Within the first 30 d of the feeding period, BRD first pulls were reduced (P = 0.001) for CTC+TUL, OTC+TUL, and TUL relative to CTC alone. Percentage of BRD first pulls and total morbidity were lowest (P = 0.001) for CTC+TUL across the feeding period, with OTC+TUL and TUL being intermediate, and CTC alone exhibiting the highest percentage. Death loss and railers were not influenced (P ≥ 0.58) by treatment. Dry matter intake was greater (P = 0.001) for CTC+TUL than all other treatments. Final BW and ADG were greatest for CTC+TUL, lowest for TUL alone, and intermediate for the remaining treatments (P &lt; 0.05) on a deads-and-railers-out basis. Deads-and-railers-in ADG was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for CTC+TUL compared to all other treatments. Feed conversion was not influenced (P ≥ 0.22) by treatment. In the current study, supplementation of OTC in combination with tulathromycin metaphylaxis did not benefit health over tulathromycin alone. Results suggest that CTC in combination with tulathromycin metaphylaxis reduces morbidity in Holstein steers calves, which may lead to improved performance.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Deep Lamellar Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction Associated With Posterior Stromal Scarring
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Vargas Verónica 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To describe an alternative surgical approach, femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (Femto-DL-DMEK), for the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases associated with posterior stromal scarring.

Methods:
Case report of a 52-year-old man with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and posterior corneal scarring secondary to viral endotheliitis who underwent Femto-DL-DMEK. The surgical technique was as follows: First, a manual lamellar dissection plane was created at approximately 75% to 85% depth through a 5.0-mm superior scleral incision. One week later, using a femtosecond laser, an intersecting posterior side cut of 8.2 mm diameter was created. Subsequently, the dissected posterior recipient disk was removed from the anterior chamber through a 3.2-mm limbal incision. Finally, an 8.0-mm DMEK graft was placed.

Results:
The patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/200 (0.15; decimal) preoperatively to 15/25 (0.6) after surgery; corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/200 (0.15) to 20/25 (0.9) with a residual refraction of +1.0–0.50 at 140 degrees. Endothelial cell count was 2062 cell/mm2 6 months after surgery. No intra- or postoperative complications were noted.

Conclusions:
As long as the anterior and mid-stroma are unaffected, those with endothelial diseases associated with opacification of the posterior stroma can benefit from endothelial keratoplasty through a Femto-DL-DMEK procedure, avoiding all well-known drawbacks of penetrating keratoplasty.
Reason and Timing for Conversion to Sternotomy in Robotic-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Christidis Nickolas K. , Fox Stephanie A. , Swinamer Stuart A. , Bagur Rodrigo , Sridhar Kumar , Lavi Shahar , Iglesias Ivan , Bainbridge Daniel , Jones Philip M. , Harle Christopher C. , Chu Michael W. A. , Teefy Patrick , Kiaii Bob B. 
Published: December 2018

Objective Conversion to sternotomy is a primary bailout method for robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. The aims of this study were to identify the primary reasons for conversion from robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting to sternotomy and to evaluate the in-hospital outcomes in such patients. Methods Prospectively collected data from February 2004 to April 2017 were reviewed for 72 patients (56 men; mean age = 63.8 years) who required conversion to sternotomy during a robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting procedure with planned endoscopic left internal thoracic artery harvest and anastomosis to the left anterior descending on the beating heart. Results The overall rate of conversion was 12.4% (72/581). Conversions occurred either during attempted endoscopic left internal thoracic artery harvest (31.9%), during endoscopic left anterior descending isolation (40.3%), during manual isolation and anastomosis of the left anterior descending (19.4%), or after anastomosis due to unsatisfactory flow (8.3%). Overall, the most common reason for conversion was an intramyocardial left anterior descending (43.1%). The median stay in the intensive care unit was 1 day (range = 0–20) and the median hospital length of stay was 5 days (range = 3–43). In-hospital complications included new atrial fibrillation (16.7%), need for blood transfusion (20.8%), mediastinitis (4.2%), postoperative myocardial infarction (2.8%), exploration for bleeding (2.8%), and 1 in-hospital death. Conclusions The reasons for conversion were primarily related to anatomical factors that created difficulties for endoscopic left internal thoracic artery harvesting and left anterior descending identification. Patients who required conversion to sternotomy from robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting demonstrated acceptable outcomes and low complication rates.
Medicine use during acute and chronic postinjury periods in whiplash-injured individuals
Authors: Ritchie Carrie , Hollingworth Samantha A. , Warren Jacelle , Sterling Michele 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Medicine use as part of multimodal management for whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) is common: neck pain is the cardinal symptom, mental health conditions are common, and some individuals may have neurological signs and symptoms. Almost half of the individuals with WAD have ongoing pain and disability. However, medicine use during acute and chronic recovery periods for WAD management is unknown. We analysed medicine use during acute (<12 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks to 2 years) postinjury periods in adults claiming compensation for WAD in the no-fault jurisdiction of Victoria, Australia (n = 2871). Compared with males, females were more likely to have only nonopioid analgesic and/or NSAID claims during the acute postinjury period (odds ratio = 1.35 [95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.68]). However, high medicine use was more likely in males (1.39 [1.16-1.67]), middle-aged claimants (35-44 years) (1.74 [1.12-2.56]), and claimants with a common law claim (2.96 [2.38-3.68]). During both acute and chronic postinjury periods, over half of the pharmaceutical claimants were prescribed NSAIDs and weak opioid medicines, and over one quarter were prescribed benzodiazepines. Antidepressant use was high during the chronic period. The proportion of strong opioid claimants quadrupled between 2000/2001 (5.5%) and 2012/2013 (23.4%). Opioid consumption, expressed as oral morphine equivalent, was double in males than in females (z = −5.4, P < 0.001), and higher in middle-aged than in younger or older claimants (χ2 = 13.9, P < 0.001). The high opioid, benzodiazepine, and antidepressant medicine use in this study is concerning and highlights the need for pharmaceutical approaches that balance pain management while minimising risk.
The clinical outcomes of S-1 plus cisplatin for patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Xingcheng , Wang Binsheng , Chao Peng , Li Debang , Chai Chen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of S-1 plus cisplatin (SC) for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang Database, for all year up to January 2017. Pooled analyses of overall survival (OS), progress-free survival rates, and adverse events were performed.

Results:
A total of 8 random controlled trails (RCTs) consisting of 2699 patients with AGC were selected and included in this meta-analysis. The results of our meta-analysis showed that AGC patients who treated with SC regimen receive a similar OS (HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.86–1.18, P = .928), PFS (HR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.72–1.09, P = .263), and overall response rate (HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.70–1.11, P = .283). However, SC regimen may increase the risk of 1 to 2 grade (OR = 1.128, 95%CI: 1.075–1.184, P = .000) and 3 to 4 grade (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01–1.52, P = .039) adverse events.

Conclusion:
SC chemotherapy showed no difference in survival compared with 5-FU- and S-1-based other therapy, but has a higher rate of adverse events compared with other chemotherapy regimens.
A pilot study of limb stimulation for the treatment of neonatal apnea
Authors: Dong Li-bin , Li Yu-fen , Zhang Yu , Qiao Shuang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study explored the feasibility effect and safety of the limb stimulation (LS) for the treatment of neonatal apnea (NAP).
The cases of 30 eligible premature infants with NAP were included in this retrospective study. These cases were equally divided into an intervention group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The infants in both groups received caffeine treatment. Moreover, cases in the intervention group also received LS for a total 30 hours, while the subjects in the control group did not receive LS during this period. The primary outcome included apnea frequency (number of episodes per 24 hours), and apnea rate. The secondary outcomes consisted of desaturation (number of episodes per 24 hours), and heart rate (beats per minute). Additionally, adverse events were also documented during the treatment period.
After treatment, LS did not show better outcomes in apnea frequency (P = .48), apnea rate (P = .33), desaturation (P = .55), and heart rate (P = .41). Furthermore, no significant differences of all adverse events were found between 2 groups.
The results of this pilot study demonstrated that LS might be not efficacious for premature infants with NAP.
Identification of multiple cardiac metastases from nonsmall-cell lung cancer by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Deng Shengming , Zhang Bin , Li Jihui , Sang Shibiao , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Multiple cardiac metastases from nonsmall-cell lung cancer are extremely rare. Multiple cardiac metastases detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) have not been previously reported.

Patient concerns:
A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with left back pain for 1 month.

Diagnoses:
A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan showed a moderately enhancing mass with a necrotic area in the upper left lobe of the lung and a filling defect in the interventricular septum. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography identified a mass attaching to the endocardial surface of interventricular septum. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple intense 18F-FDG uptakes in the cardiac region. Nonsmall-cell lung cancer was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the mass in the upper left lobe of the lung.

Intervention:
The patient was treated with Gemcitabine chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
After 18 months of follow-up, the patient achieved stable disease status according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors guidelines.

Lessons:
Our case demonstrates that 18F-FDG PET/CT is a sensitive and feasible imaging modality to diagnosis multiple cardiac metastases.
Obesity and risk of urinary tract infection in young children presenting with fever
Authors: Hsu Po-Chang , Chen Shyi-Jou 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Obesity may increase the risk of infection, but the association between obesity and febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) is controversial. Although the prevalence of infant and childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide, the results of previous investigations on the association with urinary tract infection (UTI) are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between overweight and obesity and UTI in febrile children.
The study reviewed medical records of a consecutive series of 472 children <2 years of age presenting with fever ≥ 38°C were retrospectively evaluated and stratified by the presence or absence of a UTI. The proportions of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese children in the 2 groups were compared following calculation of individual weight-for-length percentiles. The effect of obesity on UTI risk was evaluated, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.
A total of 212 patients with and 260 controls without UTI were included. There were more overweight and obese children with (71/212, 33.5%) than without UTIs (45/260, 17.3%; P < .001). The OR of UTI in overweight relative to healthy-weight children was 1.92 [95% confidence interval (95% CI):1.15–3.21]. The OR of UTI in obese relative to healthy weight children was 2.46 (95% CI: 1.54–3.93).
Compared with previous studies that made comparison between UTI and healthy children, this is the first study to demonstrate an association of obesity and fUTI in febrile children <2 years of age. In this series of pediatric patients, obesity was strongly associated with the presence of fUTI and obese children had a higher risk of developing an UTI than nonobese children.
The incidence of UTI was higher in young, overweight, and obese children presenting with fever than in normal-weight, febrile children. Control of excess body weight should be considered as early as possible. Urinalysis should be considered for obese children <2 years of age who present with fever, especially those with mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms.
Risk factor of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in trauma patients
Authors: Kim Maru , Lee Dae-Sang , Hong Tae Hwa , Joo Cho Hang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a comorbid condition prevalent in patients recovering from trauma. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the etiology of this condition, the present study sought to analyze the high-risk group of BPPV patients following trauma.
Trauma patients visiting the emergency department from January to December 2016 were enrolled. The study excluded patients with minor superficial injuries, those who were dead, and those discharged within 2 days after their visit. The medical records were reviewed, and every abbreviated injury score, injury severity score, and other clinical characteristics, such as age and sex, were gathered. A diagnosis of BPPV was reached only after a provocation test was administered by an otolaryngologist. The correlation was statistically analyzed.
A total of 2219 trauma patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 52.6 years, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 7.9. About 70% of the patients were men. Additional BPPV patients were identified among patients with injuries to head and neck, chest, and abdomen, and those with external injuries. However, patients with head and neck (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 10.556 (1.029–108.262), and abdominal injury (OR [95% CI] = 78.576 [1.263–4888.523]) showed statistically significant correlation with BPPV in the logistic regression analysis. Patients—not only those with head and neck injuries but those with abdominal injuries—who complain of dizziness need to be evaluated for BPPV using provocation tests. Further studies investigating traumatic BPPV are needed.