bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of echocardiography to monitor myocardial damage during anthracycline chemotherapy
Authors: Anqi Yang , Yu Zhang , Mingjun Xu , Xiaoli Kong , Mengmeng Li , Fangfang Liu , Mei Zhang 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAnthracycline‐related cardiotoxicity has a poor prognosis; therefore, early detection of any change in LV function is critical.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the two‐dimensional speckle tracking technique for the early detection of cardiac toxicity after low‐dose anthracycline chemotherapy in the Chinese population.MethodsForty breast cancer patients were treated by chemotherapy using anthracycline for 4–6 cycles. Patients were examined by echocardiography before chemotherapy (T0) and after the second (T2), fourth (T4), and sixth (T6) cycle. LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and endocardium, mid‐myocardium, and epicardium global longitudinal strain (GLS‐Endo, GLS‐Mid, and GLS‐Epi). Additionally, global circumferential strain (GCS), RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), and LA global longitudinal strain (LAGLS) were evaluated.ResultsLeft ventricular ejection fraction was significantly reduced at T4 (P < 0.05). Compared with T0, GLS, GLS‐Endo, GLS‐Mid, and GLS‐Epi were significantly reduced at T2, T4, and T6 (P < 0.05 for all), the apical septum wall (AS) was also reduced significantly at T2 (P < 0.05), and the apical anterior wall (AA) and the basal anterior wall (BA) longitudinal strains were significantly reduced at T4 (P < 0.05). GCS, RVGLS, and LAGLS were not significantly changed after treatment (P > 0.05).ConclusionsLV stratified strains and strain of the segments supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery are more sensitive to the cardiac toxicity of anthracycline.
Contrasting responses after fires of the source components of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration
Authors: Chen Ji , Zhang Yuefang , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Xuhui , Jiang Yu , Zhao Jin , Chen Yizhao , Wang Chao , Guo Liang , Cao Junji 
Published: January 2019

Wildfire is an important ecological disturbance that can have cascading effects on ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes. Ecosystem respiration (ER) and soil respiration (SR) account for two of the largest terrestrial C fluxes to the atmosphere, and they play critical roles in regulating C–climate feedbacks. Here, the responses of ER, SR and their source components to experimental burning in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau were investigated. Fire treatment increased ER by 9% but decreased SR by 15%. The contrasting post‐fire responses of SR and ER can be explained by the behaviour of their source components; that is, fire increased aboveground plant respiration (Ragb) by 37%, but decreased heterotrophic respiration (HR) by 21%. Increases in ER and Ragb were mainly related to enhanced plant productivity, whereas smaller SR and HR were associated with reductions in microbial biomass and soil moisture. Accounting for the responses of ER, SR and their intrinsic components has advanced our understanding of how fire affects ecosystem C fluxes.Highlights

Fire treatment increased ecosystem respiration (ER) and aboveground plant respiration.
Fire treatment decreased soil respiration (SR) and heterotrophic respiration (HR).
Increases in ER and aboveground plant respiration were related to plant productivity.
Reductions in SR and HR were caused by the suppressed microbial activity.
Safety and effectiveness of stereotactic laser ablation for epileptogenic cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Willie Jon T. , Malcolm James G. , Stern Matthew A. , Lowder Lindsay O. , Neill Stewart G. , Cabaniss Brian T. , Drane Daniel L. , Gross Robert E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveMagnetic resonance (MR) thermography–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy, or stereotactic laser ablation (SLA), is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for focal epilepsy caused by cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). We examined the safety and effectiveness of SLA of epileptogenic CCMs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 19 consecutive patients who presented with focal seizures associated with a CCM. Each patient underwent SLA of the CCM and adjacent cortex followed by standard clinical and imaging follow‐up.ResultsAll but one patient had chronic medically refractory epilepsy (median duration 8 years, range 0.5‐52 years). Lesions were located in the temporal (13), frontal (five), and parietal (one) lobes. CCMs induced magnetic susceptibility artifacts during thermometry, but perilesional cortex was easily visualized. Fourteen of 17 patients (82%) with >12 months of follow‐up achieved Engel class I outcomes, of which 10 (59%) were Engel class IA. Two patients who were not seizure‐free from SLA alone became so following intracranial electrode‐guided open resection. Delayed postsurgical imaging validated CCM involution (median 83% volume reduction) and ablation of surrounding cortex. Histopathologic examination of one previously ablated CCM following open surgery confirmed obliteration. SLA caused no detectable hemorrhages. Two symptomatic neurologic deficits (visual and motor) were predictable, and neither was permanently disabling.SignificanceIn a consecutive retrospective series, MR thermography–guided SLA was an effective alternative to open surgery for epileptogenic CCM. The approach was free of hemorrhagic complications, and clinically significant neurologic deficits were predictable. SLA presents no barrier to subsequent open surgery when needed.
Thermal properties and stability of Catalan Modernist blue and green enamels
Authors: Beltrán Martí , Brock Fiona , Pradell Trinitat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStained glass is a fragile component of our Cultural Heritage. In particular, the stained glass produced during the last decades of the 19th century and first decades of the 20th century is characterised by the use of a new type ready‐to‐use enamels. Stained glass was used for the windows of buildings, and a large part of it is exposed to weathering and consequently to deterioration. This study analyses the collection of materials used in one of the most important stained glass Modernist workshops in Barcelona. The chemical composition is determined (and pigments identified) by means of Laser Ablation Inductively‐Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and X‐Ray Diffraction and the thermal properties of the enamels measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Hot Stage Microscopy. The enamels are made of a lead‐zinc borosilicate glass characterised by its low sintering temperatures and high stability against chemical corrosion, in particular to water corrosion. However, the relatively narrow range of firing temperatures necessary for correct adherence of the enamels to the contemporary glass base may have required the addition of a high lead borosilicate flux, which would have increased the lead content of the enamel, decreasing the firing temperature but also its stability.
AMPKα2 knockout enhances tumour inflammation through exacerbated liver injury and energy deprivation‐associated AMPKα1 activation
Authors: Qiu Shulan , Liu Taoyan , Piao Chunmei , Wang Ying , Wang Kefang , Zhou Yandong , Cai Lun , Zheng Shuai , Lan Feng , Du Jie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTissue damage and its associated‐inflammation act as tumour initiators or propagators. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by environmental or nutritional stress factors, such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and other cell injury factors, to regulate cell energy balance and differentiation. We previously have reported that AMPKα2 deficiency resulted in the energy deprivation in tumour‐bearing liver and the enhanced‐hepatocyte death. In this study, AMPKα2 knockout mice and the liver metastasis model of colon cancer cells were used to address the role of AMPKα isoforms in tumour inflammation. First, we found that the AMPKα2 deficiency exacerbated the liver injury and recruitment of macrophages. Meanwhile, although compensatory expression of AMPKα1 was not significant after AMPKα2 knockout, AMPKα1 phosphorylation was elevated in remnant liver in AMPKα2 knockout mice, which was positively associated with the enhanced energy deprivation in the AMPKα2 deficient mice. Furthermore, the activated AMPKα1 in macrophage contributed to its polarizing to tumour‐associated phenotype. Thus, the enhanced tumour‐associated inflammation and activation of AMPKα1 in the AMPKα2 deficient mice may exacerbate the tumour development by affecting the tumour inflammatory microenvironment. Our study suggests that the two isoforms of AMPKα, AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 play different roles in controlling tumour development.
Depression Increases the Risk of Death Independently From Vascular Events in Elderly Individuals: The Three‐City Study
Authors: Péquignot Renaud , Dufouil Carole , Pérès Karine , Artero Sylvaine , Tzourio Christophe , Empana Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDHow much the association between depressive symptoms (DSs) and all‐cause mortality depends on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is poorly known. We aimed to prospectively quantify the association between DSs at repeated study visits and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, and the influence of incident CVD on this association.METHODSThe Three‐City Study has included adults 65 years and older, who were examined at baseline between 1999 and 2001 and after 2, 4, 7, and 10 years of follow‐up. At each visit, a score of 16 or greater on the 20‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale defined the presence of DSs. DS status and incident coronary heart disease or stroke events were used as time‐dependent variables in a Cox proportional hazard model of mortality.RESULTSWe studied 7377 participants (63.7% females) aged 73.8 years (SD = 5.4 years) without a history of CVD at baseline examination. DSs were present in 19% to 22% of subjects at each study visit. During a median follow‐up of 9.4 years, 650 subjects developed a first CVD, and 1255 had died. After adjustment for baseline sociodemographic variables, vascular risk factors, impairment in daily life activities, and antidepressants, time‐dependent DSs were associated with a 28% increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06‐1.55), and incident CVD event was associated with a 63% increased risk (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.30‐2.04). However, the association between DSs and mortality was not influenced by the occurrence of CVD (HR for DS and CVD interaction = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.66‐1.61). A mediation analysis confirmed that incident CVD only explained 6.9% of the excess of mortality associated with DSs.CONCLUSIONIn older participants, the increased risk of all‐cause mortality associated with the presence of DSs at baseline and during follow‐up is not modified by and is moderately mediated by incident CVD. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:546–552, 2019.
Critical function of DNA methyltransferase 1 in tomato development and regulation of the DNA methylome and transcriptome
Authors: Yang Yu , Tang Kai , Datsenka Tatsiana U , Liu Wenshan , Lv Suhui , Lang Zhaobo , Wang Xingang , Gao Jinghui , Wang Wei , Nie Wenfeng , Chu Zhaoqing , Zhang Heng , Handa Avtar K , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Zhang Huiming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDNA methylation confers epigenetic regulation on gene expression and thereby on various biological processes. Tomato has emerged as an excellent system to study the function of DNA methylation in plant development. To date, regulation and function of DNA methylation maintenance remains unclear in tomato plants. Here, we report the critical function of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Methyltransferase 1 (SlMET1) in plant development and DNA methylome and transcriptome regulation. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing, we generated slmet1 mutants and observed severe developmental defects with a frame‐shift mutation, including small and curly leaves, defective inflorescence, and parthenocarpy. In leaf tissues, mutations in SlMET1 caused CG hypomethylation and CHH hypermethylation on a whole‐genome scale, leading to a disturbed transcriptome including ectopic expression of many RIN target genes such as ACC2 in leaf tissues, which are normally expressed in fruits. Neither the CG hypomethylation nor CHH hypermethylation in the slmet1 mutants is related to tissue culture. Meanwhile, tissue culture induces non‐CG hypomethylation, which occurs more frequently at gene regions than at TE regions. Our results depict SlMET1‐ and tissue culture‐dependent tomato DNA methylomes, and that SlMET1 is required for maintaining a normal transcriptome and normal development of tomato.
The role of structural genomic variants in population differentiation and ecotype formation in Timema cristinae walking sticks
Authors: Lucek Kay , Gompert Zachariah , Nosil Patrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheory predicts that structural genomic variants such as inversions can promote adaptive diversification and speciation. Despite increasing empirical evidence that adaptive divergence can be triggered by one or a few large inversions, the degree to which widespread genomic regions under divergent selection are associated with structural variants remains unclear. Here we test for an association between structural variants and genomic regions that underlie parallel host‐plant‐associated ecotype formation in Timema cristinae stick insects. Using mate‐pair resequencing of 20 new whole genomes we find that moderately sized structural variants such as inversions, deletions and duplications are widespread across the genome, being retained as standing variation within and among populations. Using 160 previously published, standard‐orientation whole genome sequences we find little to no evidence that the DNA sequences within inversions exhibit accentuated differentiation between ecotypes. In contrast, a formerly described large region of reduced recombination that harbours genes controlling colour‐pattern exhibits evidence for accentuated differentiation between ecotypes, which is consistent with differences in the frequency of colour‐pattern morphs between host‐associated ecotypes. Our results suggest that some types of structural variants (e.g., large inversions) are more likely to underlie adaptive divergence than others, and that structural variants are not required for subtle yet genome‐wide genetic differentiation with gene flow.
Ballots and barricades enhanced: far‐right ‘movement parties’ and movement‐electoral interactions
Authors: Pirro Andrea L. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFar‐right organisations offer an ideal common ground to bridge the scholarships on social movements and party politics. Indeed, they can be often interpreted as ‘movement parties’, i.e. hybrid collective actors spurring from the protest arena and translating social movement practices in the arena of party competition. This contribution enhances our understanding of the contemporary far right by focusing on the neglected links between movements and elections within the broader context of contention. The article assesses and refines propositions about such interactions through the adoption of a specific framework, ultimately showing that the Hungarian Jobbik consistently subscribed to the linkage mechanisms discussed.
Tinel sign to the median nerve area caused by a proximal tumor as detected by magnetic resonance neurography: Two case reports
Authors: Narita Yugo , Fukuroku Keiko , Matsuyama Hirofumi , Ii Yuichiro , Maeda Masayuki , Tomimoto Hidekazu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTinel sign is a sensitive clinical indicator for the location of nerve lesions, while magnetic resonance imaging is an efficient tool for lesion diagnosis. Several imaging studies of the Tinel sign with a short distance median nerve have been reported. However, few studies have examined the Tinel sign provoked by a distant lesion or its findings in magnetic resonance neurography. Herein, we report our peripheral nerve conduction and magnetic resonance neurography findings for two women with Tinel signs in the median nerve with a long distance caused by a proximal tumor. Case 1 showed a mass at the proximal superior trunk of the brachial plexus, originating from the fifth cervical spinal root. Case 2 showed a mass at the proximal median nerve at the axilla. There were no changes in symptoms or Tinel signs in either case, and no abnormalities in nerve conduction studies including F waves, for >2 years.
Leadless pacing: Going for the jugular
Authors: Saleem‐Talib Shmaila , van Driel Vincent J. , Chaldoupi Sevasti‐Maria , Nikolic Tanja , van Wessel Harry , Borleffs C. Jan Willem , Ramanna Hemanth 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeadless pacing is generally performed from a femoral approach. However, the femoral route is not always available. Until now, data regarding implantation using a jugular approach other than a single‐case report were lacking.MethodsThe case records of all patients who underwent internal jugular venous (IJV) leadless pacemaker implantation (Micra, Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) at our center were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsNineteen patients underwent IJV leadless pacemaker implantation, nine females, mean age of 77.5 ±9.6 years; permanent atrial fibrillation in all patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Implant indication was atrioventricular conduction disturbance in 10, pre‐AV node ablation in seven, and replacement of a conventional VVI pacemaker in two (infection in one and lead malfunction in the other). The device was positioned at the superior septum in seven patients, apicoseptal in seven patients, and midseptal in five patients. In 12 patients, a sufficient device position was obtained at the first attempt, in three at the second, in one at the third, in one at the fourth, and in two at the sixth attempt.The mean pacing threshold was 0.56 ± 0.39V at 0.24‐ms pulse width, sensed amplitude was 9.1 ± 3.2 mV, mean fluoroscopy duration was 3.1 ± 1.6 min. There were no vascular or other complications. At follow‐up, electrical parameters remained stable in 18 of 19 patients.ConclusionAlthough experience is minimal, we suggest that the IJV approach is safe and may be considered in patients where the femoral approach is contraindicated.
Value of renal pelvic diameter and urinary tract dilation classification in the prediction of urinary tract anomaly
Authors: Cakici Evrim Kargin , Aydog Ozlem , Eroglu Fehime Kara , Yazilitas Fatma , Ozlu Sare Gulfem , Uner Cigdem , Renda Rahime , Yılmaz Engin , Bulbul Mehmet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the cut‐offs of postnatal anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD), according to the urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system, to identify the predictors of final diagnosis of UTD and the need for surgery.MethodsA total of 260 infants (336 renal units) with prenatally detected UTD were prospectively evaluated on serial ultrasonography by the same radiologist. Additional voiding cystourethrography and scintigraphy was done according to the clinical algorithm.ResultsPrenatal and postnatal APRPD in patients with transient dilation were significantly lower than in those with urinary tract anomalies (UTA). On follow up, the slope of decrease in APRPD was significantly higher in transient dilation compared with UTA. APRPD 10 mm at first‐month ultrasonography, predicted UTA with a sensitivity of 83.1%, and specificity of 71.1%. On multivariate analysis the likelihood of surgical intervention and final diagnosis were predicted independently by the UTD system risk group.ConclusionsCareful ultrasonography evaluation can avoid unnecessary testing in patients with transient or clinically insignificant dilation. The UTD classification system is valid for evaluation of postnatal hydronephrosis and is reliable in predicting the need for surgical intervention.
Nectar yeasts enhance the interaction between Clematis akebioides and its bumblebee pollinator
Authors: Yang M. , Deng G.‐C. , Gong Y.‐B. , Huang S.‐Q. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

It has been hypothesised that intense metabolism of nectar‐inhabiting yeasts (NIY) may change nectar chemistry, including volatile profile, which may affect pollinator foraging behaviours and consequently plant fitness. However, empirical evidence for the plant–microbe–pollinator interactions remains little known.

To test this hypothesis, we use a bumblebee‐pollinated vine Clematis akebioides endemic to southwest China as an experimental model plant. To quantify the incidence and density of Metschnikowia reukaufii, a cosmopolitan NIY in floral nectar, a combination of yeast cultivation and microscopic cell‐counting method was used. To examine the effects of NIY on plant–pollinator interactions, we used real flowers filled with artificial nectar with or without yeast cells. Then the volatile metabolites produced in the yeast‐inoculated nectar were analysed with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).

On average 79.3% of the C. akebioides flowers harboured M. reukaufii, and cell density of NIY was high to 7.4 × 104 cells mm−3. In the field population, the presence of NIY in flowers of C. akebioides increased bumblebee (Bombus friseanus) pollinator visitation rate and consequently seed set per flower. A variety of fatty acid derivatives produced by M. reukaufii may be responsible for the above beneficial interactions.

The volatiles produced by the metabolism of M. reukaufii may serve as an honest signal to attract bumblebee pollinators and indirectly promote the female reproductive fitness of C. akebioides, forming a potentially tripartite plant–microbe–pollinator mutualism.
The effects of time, temperature and plant variety on pollen viability and its implications for gene flow risk
Authors: Brunet J. , Ziobro R. , Osvatic J. , Clayton M. K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Pollen viability affects the probability that a pollen grain deposited on a plant's stigma will produce a viable seed. Because a mature seed is needed before a gene flow event can occur, pollen viability will influence the risk of escape for genetically engineered (GE) crops.

Pollen viability was measured at intervals for up to 2 h following removal of the pollen from the anthers. It was quantified at three temperatures and for different alfalfa varieties, including both conventional and Roundup Ready (RR) varieties. Pollen viability was assessed using in vitro germination.

Time since removal from the anthers was the most prevalent factor affecting pollen viability in alfalfa. Pollen viability declined with increasing time at all three temperatures and for all varieties tested. Pollen viability was not affected by temperatures ranging between 25 and 37 °C and did not vary among plant varieties, including conventional and RR varieties.

Bee foraging behaviour suggested pollen viability within the first 10 min following pollen removal from a flower to most affect seed production. Pollen longevity was predicted to have little impact on seed set and gene flow. Linking pollinator behaviour to pollen viability improved our understanding of its impact on gene flow risk.