bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field study evaluating the activity of N8‐GP in spiked plasma samples at clinical haemostasis laboratories
Authors: Tiefenbacher Stefan , Clausen Wan Hui Ong , Hansen Martin , Lützhøft Rasmus , Ezban Mirella 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimN8‐GP (turoctocog alfa pegol) is a glycoPEGylated, extended half‐life human recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) shown to be an efficacious treatment for patients with haemophilia A. Accurate monitoring of replacement therapy helps ensure proper dosing, leading to better patient care. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the accuracy and intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variabilities of N8‐GP and rAHF (Advate®) FVIII activity (FVIII:C) measurements in clinical laboratories using their routine methods and reagents.MethodsLaboratories measured plasma samples spiked with 0.03, 0.2, 0.6 and 0.9 IU/mL N8‐GP or rAHF. Samples were blinded, and laboratories were instructed to perform evaluations using their routine FVIII activity assays and calibrators.ResultsOf the 67 participating laboratories from 25 countries, 60 used a one‐stage assay, 36 used a chromogenic assay, and 29 used both one‐stage and chromogenic assays. Participating laboratories used nine different activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reagents, the most common being SynthASil® and Actin® FS. Most aPTT reagents recovered N8‐GP close to target. Three silica‐based aPTT reagents (APTT‐SP, TriniCLOT™ and STA® PTT‐Automate) underestimated N8‐GP, recovering 40%‐83% of target concentration. For chromogenic assays, N8‐GP and rAHF recoveries were comparable at all concentrations, with overall mean recoveries for both products close to 130%. Assay variability was similar for both assay types and both products; inter‐laboratory variability was greater than intra‐laboratory variability and highest at 0.03 IU/mL.ConclusionsMost clinical laboratories accurately measured N8‐GP and rAHF when using their in‐house one‐stage or chromogenic FVIII:C assays. However, three silica‐based aPTT reagents underestimated N8‐GP recovery.
Evidence of a fixed polymorphism of one‐year and two‐year larval growth in the myrmecophilous butterfly Maculinea rebeli
Authors: Elmes Graham W. , Wardlaw Judith C. , Schönrogge Karsten , Thomas Jeremy A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Maculinea (= Phengaris) species of butterfly have complex life‐styles in which the larvae feed briefly on specific foodplants before entering the final instar, after which they live as social parasites within Myrmica ant colonies and acquire 98–99% of their ultimate biomass by either preying on ant brood (predatory species) or being fed by worker ants (cuckoo species). Cuckoo species demonstrate two growth forms, whereby some individuals develop to pupate in 11 months and others remain 23 months in the nest, a strategy that in theory represents the most efficient exploitation of resources within Myrmica societies. Early studies suggested that development rates in Maculinea rebeli (referred to by other authors as the xerophilous form of Maculinea alcon) were not plastic but represented an unusual fixed polymorphism, in which eggs were genetically predetermined as 1‐ or 2‐year larvae.
We tested this idea in lab experiments using M. rebeli from the French Hautes‐Alpes, with these results: (i) the growth strategy of every individual larva is pre‐determined by the mother either genetically or, less probably, during oogenesis. (ii) Intra‐nest competition and host fitness affects survival and growth but does not influence the inherent growth strategy. (iii) The ratio of 1‐ and 2‐year developing larvae is initially about 50:50, although differential survival in crowded nests may alter the ratio of surviving individuals. (iv) All females tested laid eggs that hatched into both 1‐ or 2‐year developers. (v) Growth patterns vary between different regions. Larvae from the Spanish Pyrenees initially grow less than those from the Alps, with a smaller initial differentiation between the size classes.
Association of Nod‐like receptor protein‐1 (rs2670660) and Toll‐like receptor‐4 (rs4986790) with non‐segmental vitiligo: A case–control study in South Indian population
Authors: Rajendiran Kalai Selvi , Rajappa Medha , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Thappa Devinder Mohan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) is an autoimmune skin disease. Genetics plays a predominant part in disease pathogenesis. Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors and pyrin‐containing protein (NLRP) and Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors in mediating innate immunity. They participate in presenting pathogens and mediating the immune responses. NLRP and TLRs are involved in mediating immune response in various dermatological diseases. Understanding the influence of genetic polymorphisms of NLRP and TLRs associated with immune homeostasis might help us to understand the complex etiopathogenesis of NSV. Thus, we aimed to study the association of NLRP‐1 (rs2670660) and TLR‐4 (rs4986790) and the synergistic effects on disease spectrum, disease activity of NSV in South Indian population. This research was designed as a case–control genetic study with 264 patients and 264 controls. Genotyping of NLRP‐1 (rs2670660) and TLR‐4 (rs4986790) was performed by Taqman 5’ allele discrimination assay and ARMS‐PCR. Plasma levels of proteins were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A statistically significant difference was observed with the frequency of homozygous GG genotype of NLRP‐1 (rs2670660) (17.8% in cases vs. 5.3% in controls) (p < 0.0001; OR‐3.73; 95% CI‐1.94–7.14). Allele G was significantly frequent in 38% of the cases than in controls with 30% (p = 0.004; OR‐1.46; 95% CI‐1.13–1.89). Plasma NLRP‐1 level was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Amongst cases, the plasma NLRP‐1 levels did not show any difference with respect to their genotypes (p > 0.05). In TLR‐4 (rs4986790), no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and allele between cases and controls (p = 0.80) was observed; nevertheless, plasma TLR‐4 was analogous between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Influence of genotype on plasma TLR‐4 showed no significant difference in TLR‐4 levels between GG and ancestral genotype AA, whilst heterozygous AG genotype showed a significant increase of TLR‐4 compared to AA and GG (p = 0.02) amongst NSV cases. The obtained results suggest that NLRP‐1 (rs2670660), and not TLR‐4 ((rs4986790), is associated with increased risk of NSV in South Indian population.
Supervisión y rendición de cuentas en el sector de la auditoría social. El papel de las iniciativas de cumplimiento social
Authors: TERWINDT Carolijn , ARMSTRONG Amy 
Published: July 2019

ResumenEl colapso del Rana Plaza en 2013 concienció acerca de las condiciones de trabajo abusivas en la industria del vestido. Se ha prestado mucha atención a la responsabilidad de las empresas minoristas, pero no tanta a la de las empresas de auditoría social. Las autoras investigan los sistemas existentes para detectar y corregir las auditorías deficientes e ineficaces y concluyen que, en la práctica, la supervisión y las sanciones en este ámbito son limitadas. Se explora pues cómo las iniciativas de cumplimiento social pueden mejorar la verificación de la calidad de las auditorías y la rendición de cuentas.
El sesgo plutocrático en el índice de precios al consumo de la India
Authors: NACHANE Dilip M. , CHAUBAL Aditi 
Published: July 2019

ResumenEs sabido que el IPC de tipo Laspeyres adolece de un sesgo plutocrático, porque asigna más peso al gasto de los hogares ricos que al de los pobres, mientras que el IPC democrático los pondera todos por igual. Los autores calculan el índice democrático y estiman el sesgo plutocrático del nuevo IPC de la India (introducido en 2012), en zonas rurales y urbanas y en tres estados, por productos y en tres segmentos de gasto, de 2012 a 2015. Los sesgos observados, desfavorables a los estados menos desarrollados y a la población más pobre, tienen importantes consecuencias para la política monetaria y la indexación de las prestaciones sociales.
Characteristics of young adults with multiple episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Gupta Akhil , Taylor Fiona , O'Sullivan Terrianne , Simmons David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransition from paediatric to adult diabetes care can be associated with a deterioration in metabolic control and hospitalisation. This was a retrospective review (2012–2016) of medical records of all patients attending a transition diabetes clinic in a teaching hospital with paediatric and adult diabetes on the same site. Among the 91/102 (89.2%) patients with type 1 diabetes, mean age at first visit was 19 ± 2 years, last body mass index was 25.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2, diabetes duration was 11 ± 6 years and 22 (24%) used continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions. Loss to follow‐up was 15 (14.7%). Mental health issues were common (59%), as were prior pregnancies (23%) and diabetic ketoacidosis since diagnosis (39%). Those with diabetic ketoacidosis had a higher mean glycated haemoglobin (70 ± 19 vs 86 ± 25 mmol/mol or 8.6 ± 1.7 vs 10.0 ± 2.3%; P = 0.001), fewer clinic attendances (8 ± 5 vs 5 ± 4; P = 0.008) and fewer years in clinic (1.8 ± 1.7 vs 2.3 ± 1.4; P = 0.114). Our data suggest that investment in joint approaches with mental health services should be considered.
Palliative care in cirrhosis with decompensation
Authors: Plunkett Angela , Mortimore Marianne , Good Phillip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCirrhosis with decompensation has a poor prognosis, high symptom burden and causes carer stress. This pilot research in one tertiary hospital found that patients with cirrhosis with decompensation were infrequently referred to specialist palliative care. Despite this, they had a heavy symptom burden, high predicted mortality, frequent unplanned readmissions, long admissions and intensive care unit admissions. Few had adequate advance care planning.
The clinical utility and adverse consequences of the complete blood count in an internal medicine department
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Amit Leeor , Rosenberg Michal , Froom Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe clinical utility and adverse consequences of the admission and follow‐up complete blood count (CBC) in hospitalised patients are unclear. We selected 273 patients chosen from a single internal medicine department. To determine clinical utility and adverse consequences, we interviewed attending physicians and reviewed patients’ charts. There were 12 (4.4%) patients hospitalised because of the CBC test result, six referred appropriately with a low haemoglobin concentration found in outpatient clinics and six (2.2%) patients (95% confidence interval 0.8–4.7%) inappropriately hospitalised because of incidental findings. In the hospital, according to the physicians, nearly all treatment changes made were for blood transfusions that were not indicated in 18 (6.6%) patients (95% confidence interval 4.0–10.2%). The only unexpected findings were in four patients with an indication for a blood transfusion admitted with an acute coronary syndrome and haemoglobin values 8–9.9 g/dL, and in one bedridden patient with dementia with acute myeloid leukaemia. There were 290 follow‐up CBC tests not resulting in differential treatment. We conclude that admission CBC tests commonly lead to adverse consequences, due to physician errors in judgement. Incidental findings of anaemia justify CBC testing in patients with an acute coronary event. The rare patient with an incidental finding resulting in appropriate differential treatment might justify non‐selective admission CBC counts, if physician education reduces the rate of inappropriate blood transfusions.
Ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness web‐based telemonitoring in patients at cardiovascular risk. First results of the VASOTENS (Vascular health ASsessment Of The hypertENSive patients) Registry
Authors: Omboni Stefano , Posokhov Igor , Parati Gianfranco , Rogoza Anatoly , Kotovskaya Yulia , Arystan Ayana , Avolio Alberto , Barkan Vitaliy , Bulanova Natalia , Cardona Muñoz Ernesto , Grigoricheva Elena , Konradi Alexandra , Minyukhina Irina , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Mulè Giuseppe , Orlova Iana , Pereira Telmo , Peixoto Maldonado João Manuel , Statsenko Mikhail E. , Tilea Ioan , Waisman Gabriel ,   VASOTENS Registry Study Group
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe VASOTENS Registry is an international telehealth‐based repository of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorings (ABPM) obtained through an oscillometric upper‐arm BP monitor allowing combined estimation of some vascular biomarkers. The present paper reports the results obtained in 1200 participants according to different categories of CV risk. Individual readings were averaged for each recording and 24‐hour mean of brachial and aortic systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx) obtained. Peripheral and central BP, PWV and AIx values were increased in older participants (SBP only) and in case of hypertension (SBP and DBP). BP was lower and PWV and AIx higher in females. PWV was increased and BP unchanged in case of metabolic syndrome. Our results suggest that ambulatory pulse wave analysis in a daily life setting may help evaluate vascular health of individuals at risk for CV disease.
Combined effects of systemic parathyroid hormone (1–34) and locally delivered neutral self‐assembling peptide hydrogel in the treatment of periodontal defects: An experimental in vivo investigation
Authors: Yoshida Wataru , Matsugami Daisuke , Murakami Tasuku , Bizenjima Takahiro , Imamura Kentaro , Seshima Fumi , Saito Atsushi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate in vivo combination therapy of systemic parathyroid hormone (PTH) and locally delivered neutral self‐assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogel for periodontal treatment.Materials and MethodsViability/proliferation of rat periodontal ligament cells in a neutral SAP nanofibre hydrogel (SPG‐178) was evaluated using WST‐1 assay. Periodontal defects were created mesially to the maxillary first molars in 40 Wistar rats. Defects were filled with 1.5% SPG‐178 or left unfilled. Animals received PTH (1‒34) or saline injections every 2 days. Microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical examinations were used to evaluate healing at 2 or 4 weeks postoperative.ResultsAt 72 hr, cells in 1.5% SPG‐178 showed increased viability/proliferation compared to cells in 0.8% SPG‐178 or untreated controls. In vivo, systemic PTH resulted in significantly greater bone volume in the Unfilled group at 2 weeks (p = .01) and 4 weeks (p < .0001) than in the saline control. At 4 weeks, a significantly greater bone volume was observed in the PTH/SPG‐178 (p = .0003) and PTH/Unfilled (p = .004) groups than in Saline/SPG‐178 group. Histologically, greater bone formation was observed in PTH/SPG‐178 at 4 weeks than in other groups. In the PTH/SPG‐178 group, increased proportions of PCNA‐, VEGF‐, and Osterix‐positive cells were observed in the treated sites.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that intermittent systemic PTH and locally delivered neutral SAP hydrogel enhance periodontal healing.
A randomized controlled trial to compare aesthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , George Furat , Wang I‐Ching , Suárez López del Amo Fernando , Kinney Janet , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are mixed results regarding the aesthetic advantage of immediate provisionalization of dental implants. Therefore, this study aimed to compare facial mucosal level of single immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization.MethodsSingle implants were immediately placed to replace a hopeless maxillary anterior or premolar tooth in 40 subjects. Each implant was randomly assigned to receive a non‐occluding temporary crown or a healing abutment after implant placement. At 4 months, these implants were permanently restored and followed up for 12 months. Clinical and radiographic parameters were measured and compared.ResultsThe implant survival rate at 12 months in the test and control group was 90% and 100%, respectively. Mid‐facial mucosal marginal level and papilla height changes were minimal within groups, and no significant differences were found between the two groups. The amount of marginal bone remodelling was modest, with no significant difference between the two groups. Radiographic bone changes were not statistically different between the groups, except for the vertical crestal bone resorption.ConclusionImmediate implant placement with or without provisionalization can achieve stable vertical soft tissue level for 12 months as compared to pre‐extraction level. However, immediate provisionalization was not able to improve the aesthetic outcome further.
Breastfeeding in Women on Opioid Maintenance Therapy: A Review of Policy and Practice
Authors: Clark Rebecca R. S. 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionOpioid use is epidemic in the United States. Opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy, as well as neonatal abstinence syndrome, has quadrupled in the last decade, and opioid maintenance therapy is recommended for pregnant women with OUD. Breastfeeding is an important means of improving outcomes for these vulnerable women and newborns. The purpose of this study was to review current policy on breastfeeding and opioid maintenance therapy, the rates of breastfeeding among women in this population, and facilitators and barriers to implementing policy recommendations.MethodsCINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria included publication between 2013 and 2018, English language, human only, and original data (except for policy statements). Studies were excluded if they did not report original data and did not examine breastfeeding for women on opioid maintenance therapy.ResultsEight policy statements and 17 original research studies were identified that met the search criteria. All the policy statements support breastfeeding for women who are stable on opioid maintenance therapy and do not have HIV. Despite this, rates of breastfeeding among women receiving opioid maintenance therapy remain low compared with women in the general population. Results of qualitative research indicates that women on opioid maintenance therapy face numerous barriers to breastfeeding, including misinformation from health care professionals. Quantitative research has only begun to identify interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes in this population. Research was conducted primarily with white women receiving care at urban health care centers.DiscussionPractice lags behind policy in terms of supporting breastfeeding in women receiving opioid maintenance therapy. There is a need for more research that includes African American and rural women on opioid maintenance therapy, as well as quantitative research that uses findings from qualitative research to identify the best possible interventions for improving breastfeeding outcomes for women on opioid maintenance therapy and their newborns. One significant need is for health care provider education regarding these policies as well as best practices for providing breastfeeding education and support to this population.
Influence of intrauterine growth restriction on caesarean delivery risk among preterm pregnancies undergoing induction of labor for hypertensive disease
Authors: Wilk Christine , Arab Suha , Czuzoj‐Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on the success rate of labor induction of preterm pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders.MethodsA retrospective cohort study conducted using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Linked Birth‐Infant Death File in the United States from 2009 to 2013. Our cohort included live normal singleton cephalic pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders that underwent induction of labor and delivered between 24 and 35.6 weeks’ gestation. Study subjects were categorized by the presence or absence of IUGR. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of IUGR on risk of caesarean deliveries.ResultsOf 41 640 births meeting study criteria, 39 890 had no IUGR and 1750 had IUGR infants. The overall caesarean delivery rate was 22.2%, with caesarean delivery risk being higher among pregnancies complicated by IUGR versus those not complicated by IUGR (33.2% vs 21.7%, respectively) (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.78–2.25). The effect of IUGR on risk of caesarean sections was most pronounced for gestational ages between 28 and 36 weeks. The effect of IUGR was highest among obese women, with the risk of caesarean in IUGR vs non‐IUGR pregnancies being 62.8% vs 41.4%, respectively (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 1.98–3.24).ConclusionInduction of labor of preterm pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders should be considered a reasonable option for delivery; however, in the context of IUGR, women should be informed of the considerable higher risk of caesarean delivery.
Biological responses following one‐stage full‐mouth scaling and root planing with and without azithromycin: Multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Yashima Akihiro , Morozumi Toshiya , Yoshie Hiromasa , Hokari Takahiro , Izumi Yuichi , Akizuki Tatsuya , Mizutani Koji , Takamatsu Hideyuki , Minabe Masato , Miyauchi Satomi , Yoshino Toshiaki , Tanaka Maki , Tanaka Yoshie , Gomi Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFull‐mouth scaling and root planing (FM‐SRP) increases the systemic levels of inflammatory mediators via early inflammation but may be inhibited using an antimicrobial agent. This prospective intervention study evaluates the biological response and clinical effects of FM‐SRP with and without systemically administered azithromycin (AZM).Materials and MethodsA multicenter parallel randomized controlled and open‐label trial. A central randomization center used computer‐generated tables to allocate treatments. Sixty‐three patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis (New American Academy of Periodontology Classification: Stage3 or 4, Grade B) were randomly assigned to receive FM‐SRP with AZM (test group, n = 32) or FM‐SRP without AZM (control group, n = 31). Clinical parameters and body temperature were measured, and subgingival plaque, peripheral blood, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after treatment. Periodontopathic bacteria and IgG titers were measured by gingival crevicular fluid and peripheral blood. High‐sensitivity assays were used to analyze systemic and local inflammatory markers, such as endotoxin, high‐sensitive CRP (hs‐CRP), and six inflammatory cytokines. Follow‐up 6 weeks.ResultsThe total number of bacteria and the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were significantly lower in the test group after FM‐SRP. IgG titers for P gingivalis significantly decreased after FM‐SRP with AZM, and the body temperature increased significantly after FM‐SRP without AZM. In the control group, serum hs‐CRP, IFN‐γ, IL‐12p70, and IL‐6 were significantly increased one day after treatment, but subsequently decreased below the original numerical value. In the test group, only hs‐CRP showed a significant increase.ConclusionsFM‐SRP resulted in similar improvements in clinical parameters with and without the use of AZM. Inflammatory mediators showed no difference between the two groups after FM‐SRP treatment. The use of AZM was effective in preventing the elevation of body temperature after FM‐SRP.