bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Displaced, Isolated Radial Head and Neck Fractures Do Not Require Formal Physical Therapy
Authors: Egol Kenneth A. , Haglin Jack M. , Lott Ariana , Fisher Nina , Konda Sanjit R. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures of the radial head and neck are common injuries, yet the role of physical therapy (PT) in their treatment is unclear. The aim of this trial was to assess the need for formal PT following a simple fracture of the radial head or neck.

Methods:
Patients who had a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck and presented to 1 of 2 providers were enrolled prospectively between January 2014 and August 2016. Patients were randomized to receive outpatient PT or perform self-directed home exercise. The follow-up intervals were 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and at least 1 year. The outcome measures were Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores; pain; time to clinical healing; and range of motion. Demographic data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. Independent-samples t tests were utilized to compare outcome measures.

Results:
Fifty-one patients were enrolled in the study. The average follow-up was 16.6 months. Twenty-five patients were randomized to a home-exercise cohort, and 26 patients were randomized to a formal-outpatient-PT cohort. There were no significant differences in demographics between cohorts. At 6 weeks, the home-exercise cohort had better function as indicated by a significantly lower mean DASH score compared with the PT cohort (p = 0.021). At 3 months, 6 months, and final follow-up, there were no significant differences between cohorts for any outcome measure.

Conclusions:
Patients who performed home exercises after sustaining a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck demonstrated better early function at 6 weeks compared with patients who received formal PT. After 6 weeks, there were no significant differences in outcomes. These data suggest that prescribing PT for patients who have an isolated nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck is not cost-effective and that instructing the patient to perform self-directed exercises will be followed by a similar outcome.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Do Clones Dream of Love? Images of Clones in Popular Culture
Authors: Antonijević Dragana 
Published: April 2018

Fantasies about clones, cyborgs and androids have become part and parcel of the mythology of modern times – the mythologies of the biotechnological era in which the achievements of genetic engineering have inflamed fears of possible abuse of scientific knowledge and the consequences of such abuse. The paper considers the phenomenon of reproductive cloning of human beings as it is represented in popular culture, especially film as it is one of the most important sources of representations and constructions of ideas about clones. After the introductory consideration of this phenomenon in scientific, ethical and media debates which are imbued with rejection of reproductive cloning, I have analyzed the different uses of the clone motif in selected movies. I have examined the structure and content of the genre formula of “social melodrama” which is present in films about clones, and have analyzed the mythical patterns pertaining to the topic of cloning, such as the myth of immortality, the myth of twins, the myth of the uniqueness of human kind etc. Ultimately, the nature and origins of the fear of clones and disgust that clones cause have been examined, and it has been shown that they mostly boil down to the fear of the dehumanization of human beings, the fear of the loss of difference and the transgression of biological, sociocultural and metaphysical boundaries.
Fate of Escherichia coli in dialysis device exposed into sewage influent and activated sludge
Authors: Ung Porsry , Peng Chanthol , Yuk Sokunsreiroat , Ann Vannak , Mith Hasika , Tan Reasmey , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Tanji Yasunori 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Tracing the fate of pathogens in environmental water, particularly in wastewater, with a suitable methodology is a demanding task. We investigated the fate of Escherichia coli K12 in sewage influent and activated sludge using a novel approach that involves the application of a biologically stable dialysis device. The ion concentrations inside the device could reach that of surrounding solution when it was incubated in phosphate buffered saline for 2 h. E. coli K12 above 107 CFU mL−1 (inoculated in distilled water, influent, activated sludge) were introduced into the device and incubated in influent and activated sludge for 10 days. Without indigenous microorganisms, E. coli K12 could survive even with the limited ions and nutrients concentrations in influent and activated sludge. E. coli K12 abundance in influent and activated sludge were reduced by 60 and 85%, respectively, after just 1 day. The establishment of microbial community in wastewater played an important role in reducing E. coli K12. Bacteriophage propagated in filtered influent or activated sludge when E. coli K12 was introduced, but not in raw influent or activated sludge. The methodology developed in this study can be applied in the actual environmental water to trace the fate of pathogens.
A transnacionalização e a expansão da educação superior
Authors: Maués Olgaíses Cabral , Souza Michele Borges de 
Published: April 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar de forma crítica o processo de transnacionalização da educação superior que vem ocorrendo como um fenômeno característico deste século. O entendimento que será adotado no texto é que a transnacionalização é um fenômeno que se organiza com a globalização da economia e com a etapa da financeirização do capital. Na medida em que a educação passou a ser considerada como um serviço, e o conhecimento reconhecido como uma força produtiva, a Educação Superior passou a representar uma alavanca para o desenvolvimento dos países e a ser considerado uma mercadoria importante. A análise desse fenômeno será feita considerando a posição de alguns organismos multilaterais, tais como a OCDE e o BM e a OMC. Serão arroladas as estratégias adotadas pelo Brasil para o desenvolvimento da transnacionalização, analisando-se os novos arranjos que as instituições privadas vêm realizando com entidades estrangeiras.
Prerequisite of a Holistic Blend of Traditional and Modern Approaches of Cancer Management
Authors: Kaushik Mahima , Mahendru Swati , Chaudhary Swati , Kumar Mohan , Kukreti Shrikant 
Published: April 2018

Background:
With the advent of changes in lifestyle of people all around the world,
cancer cases have been showing an exponential rise. Researchers from varied fields have been trying
to solve this tricky issue.

Methods:
We undertook a systematic search of bibliographic databases of peer-reviewed research
literature to evaluate the holistic blend of modern and traditional approaches, especially the
Ayurvedic perspective of treatment of cancer along with the effect of our diet and lifestyle on the
management (both prevention and cure) of cancer.

Results:
On the basis of extensive literature survey, it was found that Ayurveda as one of the ancient
medicinal systems had been very well documented for utilizing its best practices for the
treatment of various diseases including cancer, by utilization of several herbal plants and dietary
interventions as therapeutics. Active components present in various herbs, which interfere with
certain molecular targets to inhibit carcinogenesis are also summarized. Further, beneficial effects
of yoga and exercise on psychological distress, cancer-related fatigue and global side-effects as
well as their mechanism of action are also discussed. In addition, we recapitulate an upcoming
field of Ayurgenomics to understand the possible correlation of Prakriti with genetics as well as
epigenetics.

Conclusion:
Both genetic as well as environmental factors have shown their linkage with cancer.
Substantial advancements in the field of targeted therapies have opened new horizons for the cancer
patients. To fight with this grave situation, a combination of ancient and modern medicinal
systems seems to be the need of the hour.
SGLT-2 Inhibition: Novel Therapeutics for Reno-and Cardioprotection in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gill Angus , Gray Stephen P. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin A. , Watson Anna M.D. 
Published: April 2018

Background:The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is primarily located within S1 of the renal proximal tubule being responsible for approximately 90% of glucose re-uptake in the kidney. Inhibition of SGLT2 is an exciting new pharmacological approach for the reduction of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients via inhibition of tubular glucose reabsorption. In addition to lowering glucose, this group of drugs has shown significant cardiovascular and renal protective effects.Conclusion:This review aims to outline the current state of preclinical research and clinical trials for different SGLT2 inhibitors and outline some of the proposed mechanisms of action, including possible effects on sympathetic nerve activity, which may contribute to the unexpected beneficial cardiovascular and reno-protective effects of this class of compounds.
Complement Components, C3 and C4, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Copenhaver Melanie , Yu Chack-Yung , Hoffman Robert P. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Increased systemic inflammation plays a significant role in the development
of adult cardiometabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and
hypertension. The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and plays a key role in the
regulation of inflammation. Of particular importance is the activation of complement components C3
and C4. C3 is produced primarily by the liver but is also produced in adipocytes, macrophages and
endothelial cells, all of which are present in adipose tissues. Dietary fat and chylomicrons stimulate C3
production. Adipocytes in addition to producing C3 also have receptors for activated C3 and other
complement components and thus also respond to as well as produce a target for complement. C3adesArg,
also known as acylation stimulation factor, increases adipocyte triglyceride synthesis and
release. These physiological effects play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome.
Epidemiologically, obese adults and non-obese adults with cardiometabolic disease who are not obese
have been shown to have increased complement levels. C4 levels also correlate with body mass index.
Genetically, specific C3 polymorphisms have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and.
D decreased C4 long gene copy number is associated with increased longevity.

Conclusion:
Future research is clearly needed to clarify the role of complement in the development of
cardiovascular disease and mechanisms for its action. The complement system may provide a new area
for intervention in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Synthesis of Tetrapeptides and Screening of their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Maharani Rani , Sumiarsa Dadan , Zainuddin Achmad , Ammatillah Nuruzzahra , Hidayat Ace T. , Harneti Desi , Nurlelasari  , Supratman Unang 
Published: April 2018

Background:Tetrapeptide Pro-Ala-Gly-Tyr (PAGY) is an antioxidant peptide that was isolated by Nikoo et al. (2014) from hydrolysate of skin gelatin of amur sturgeon fish (Acipenser schrenckii). This research aims to synthesize PAGY and its analogues by a solid-phase method, and to screen their antioxidant activities.Methods:PAGY and its analogues, namely, Pro-Ser-Gly-Tyr (PSGY), Pro-Ala-Phe-Tyr (PAFY), Pro- Phe-Phe-Tyr (PFFY) and Pro-Ala-Ile-Tyr (PAIY), were synthesized via a solid phase peptide synthesis method with the Fmoc/t-Bu strategy. The synthesis was undertaken on 2-chlorotritylchloride resin as solid support, and all coupling reactions were facilitated by a combination of HBTU and HOBt reagents. All peptides were cleaved from the resin by using 95% TFA in water.Results:Through the solid-phase synthesis method, all peptides were obtained in 50-85% yields. Pure peptides were analysed by analytical RP-HPLC, and were characterized by HR-TOF-ESI-MS and 1HNMR. DPPH inhibition assay was applied to all of the peptides with IC50 of 1.750; 1.116; 1.177 ;1.437; and 1.642 mg/mL for PAGY, PSGY, PAFY, PFFY, and PAIY, respectively.Conclusion:PAGY and its four analogs were successfully synthesized by solid-phase method. PSGY compound was found to have the highest activity of all in DPPH assay.
Quantification of Alpha Lipoic Acid in Pharmaceutical Products by HPLC with Pulsed Amperometric Detection at a Gold Electrode
Authors: Viana Carine , Ribeiro Sandra M. , Moreira Ana P.L. , Müller Larissa S. , Motta Monique J. , Monserrat José M. , de Carvalho Leandro M. , Bohrer Denise 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has become a common ingredient in food supplements
and multivitamin formulas. ALA is widely used as therapy for preventing diabetic polyneuropathies,
scavenges free radicals, and restores intracellular glutathione levels. This study aimed to develop
a simple and fast analytical method to determine ALA content in dietary supplements using highperformance
liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC PAD).

Methods:
ALA was analyzed by HPLC in a mobile phase composed of 25 mmol/L potassium phosphate
in 50% (v/v) acetonitrile (pH 4.0) and PAD at a gold electrode (vs. solid-phase hydrogen reference
electrode). The PAD cycle was performed by applying a detection potential (E1) of +0.7 V for 0.4 s, an
oxidation potential (E2) of +1.0V for 0.4 s and a reduction potential (E3) of -0.2 V for 1.2 s.

Results:
The runtime method was shown a rapid procedure for the analysis of α-lipoic acid. The sampling
rate of 8 injections per hour was attained and measurements of the reproducibility of successive
injections (20 µL) showed an RSD of 1.89% for 16 successive injections. The method presented low
quantification limit of 0.21 mg/L. The industrialized ALA-based supplements ranged from to 97.8 to
104.1%, while manipulated capsules ranged from 69.2 to 95.4%.

Conclusion:
Electrochemical detector has been presented as an effective alternative for ALA determination,
which has weakly UV-absorbing. This detection has the benefits of sensitivity, simplicity and
low costs. The developed HPLC-DAD method proposes to be analytical tool applicable to quality control
of ALA supplements.
Study of Intrinsic Stability of Mometasone Furoate in Presence of Salicylic Acid by HPTLC and Characterization, Cytotoxicity Testing of Major Degradation Product of Mometasone Furoate
Authors: Vichare Vijaya , Choudhari Vishnu P. , Reddy M. Venkata 
Published: April 2018

Background:
A successful attempt has been done to develop and validate a simple stability
indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of Mometasone furoate (MF) and its degradation product
in the presence of Salicylic acid (SA). The degradation product was isolated, characterized and tested
for cytotoxicity.

Introduction:
Mometasone furoate (MF) is chemically 9,21-Dichloro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy]-
11β-hydroxy-16-α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, a high potency glucocorticoid. Salicylic acid
(SA) has antiseptic, antifungal and keratolytic properties. Combination of MF and SA is available in the
market as an ointment and is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, skin diseases, acne, skin redness
and other conditions. Till now, there is no scientific documentation on HPTLC method for simultaneous
estimation of MF and SA in the topical formulation; stress testing of drugs and determination of
degradation products.

Methods:
Combination of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (6.4:1.5:2.0:0.1) was selected
as the mobile phase. Detection was done by UV absorbance mode at wavelength 250 nm. Topical formulation
containing MF and SA was analyzed by the developed method. The developed method was
validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard drugs were subjected to stress testing like hydrolysis,
oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation.

Results:
Good separation with Rf values 0.61 ± 0.02 (MF) and 0.21 ± 0.02 (SA) was achieved by optimized
chromatographic conditions. The % drug content was found to be 97.41±1.15 and 99.43 ± 0.73
for MF and SA, respectively in a topical formulation. From the results of validation parameters, the
developed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise, sensitive and robust. After stress testing,
SA was found to be stable under different stress conditions. Whereas, MF was found to be base sensitive
and single degradation product was observed and isolated by preparative TLC. It was characterized
by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies. Isolated degradation product was subjected to cytotoxicity testing
on A549 and SiHa cell lines.

Conclusion:
A simple stability indicating HPTLC method was developed and validated for the
estimation of MF and its degradation product in presence of SA. Probable structure of degradation
product of MF and probable pathway of degradation was interpreted. Results of cytotoxicity testing
showed that the degradation product was more cytotoxic as compared to MF against both the cell lines.
Community-Based, Point-of-Care Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Among High-Risk Adolescents in Los Angeles and New Orleans: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shannon Chelsea Lee , Koussa Maryann , Lee Sung-Jae , Fournier Jasmine , Abdalian Sue Ellen , Rotheram Mary Jane , Klausner Jeffrey D ,   Adolescent Medicine Trials Network CARES Team
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are increasing in the United States, with approximately half of new infections occurring among adolescents aged 15-24 years. Gay, bisexual, and transgender youth (GBTY), homeless youth, and youth with histories of drug use, mental health disorders, and incarceration are all at uniquely high risk for STIs. However, these adolescents often lack access to sexual health services.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to use point-of-care STI tests in community-based settings to screen for and treat STIs in adolescents.

METHODS

We are recruiting 1500 HIV-uninfected youth and 220 HIV-infected youth from homeless shelters, GBTY organizations, and community health centers in Los Angeles, California and New Orleans, Louisiana. Study participants will receive STI screening every 4 months for 24 months. STI screening includes rapid HIV, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Hepatitis C virus testing. Trained paraprofessionals will conduct all STI testing. When a participant screens positive for an STI, they are either linked to a partner medical clinic or provided with same-day antibiotic therapy and expedited partner therapy. We will monitor STI prevalence among study participants as well as point-of-care test performance, linkage to care, and treatment outcomes.

RESULTS

The project was funded in 2016, and enrollment will be completed in 2019. Preliminary data analysis is currently underway.

CONCLUSIONS

As STI rates continue to rise, it is important to improve access to screening and treatment services, particularly for high-risk adolescents. In this study, we aim to evaluate the use of point-of-care STI diagnostic tests in community-based organizations. We hope to determine the prevalence of STIs among these adolescents and evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of community-based STI screening and treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134833

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/10795
Mandibular asymmetries and associated factors in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients
Authors: Thiesen Guilherme , Gribel Bruno F. , Freitas Maria Perpétua M. , Oliver Donald R. , Kim Ki Beom 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of mandibular asymmetries in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients and to investigate demographic and skeletal factors associated with this disharmony.

Materials and Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography images of 1178 individuals aged 19 through 60 years with complete dentitions were analyzed. Outcomes were classified as relative mandibular symmetry, moderate asymmetry, and severe asymmetry. Factors recorded included sex, age, side of mandibular deviation, sagittal jaw relationship, vertical skeletal pattern, angle of the cranial base, and maxillary asymmetry. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate simple and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the individuals with moderate and severe mandibular asymmetry, as well as 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
Prevalence values of 55.2%, 27.2%, and 17.6% were observed for relative mandibular symmetry, moderate asymmetry, and severe asymmetry, respectively. An independent association with the side of mandibular deviation and the presence of maxillary asymmetry was observed, both for subjects with moderate mandibular asymmetry (left side: OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01–2.24 / maxillary asymmetry: OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.11–3.76) and for those with severe asymmetry (left side: OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.27–3.44 / maxillary asymmetry: OR = 4.93; 95% CI: 2.64–9.20).

Conclusions:
Moderate and severe mandibular asymmetries were present in 44.8% of the sample, being associated with the side of mandibular deviation and with maxillary asymmetry.
Campus Environmental Factors And Job Commitment Of Staff In State Universities In Ogun Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oludeyi Olukunle Saheed , Momoh Agbomehre Medina , Akinsanya A. O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study investigated the influence of campus environmental factors on job commitments. The research design was quantitative descriptive sample survey of ex-post facto type while the population includes both male and female senior non-teaching staff of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in choosing 200 participants selected from nine faculties and one college. A structured and close-ended questionnaire titled ‘Campus Environmental Factors and Job Commitment Questionnaire’ with reliability co-efficient of 0.85 obtained through Cronbach alpha methods was administered. 170 were retrieved from the 200 instruments administered. Data were analysed using frequency count, simple percentage, Pearson Correlation, and t test of significance. The study demonstrated a significant positive influence of campus environmental factors on job commitments of staff in the university. Useful recommendations were also raised.
Becoming a Follower of Christ: Exploring Conversion Through Historical and Missiological Lenses
Authors: Das Rupen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Conversion is a critical part of Evangelical theology and missiology. It has been defined as a crisis experience or a decision at a specific point in time. However, there is always an aspect of development, a process, involved. Increasingly, the phenomenon of conversion of those from non-Christian backgrounds, for example from other world religions, indicates that how they become followers of Christ is often characterised by a gradual journey, sometimes accompanied by visions and dreams. This paper looks at the phenomenon of conversion through a historical and missiological lens to explain and understand the dynamics of the conversion.