bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Breastfeeding Training in Turkish Women: How are the effects?
Authors: AKBAYRAM Hatice Tuba , ŞAHİN Hüseyin Avni 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Mothers should be trained and
supported to enable them to breastfeed effectively, as the mother’s milk is the
most important nutrient in an infant’s feeding. This study intends to show the effect of
breastfeeding training during pregnancy on mothers’ breastfeeding experiences
and emphasize its importance. Materials and Methods: This study was performed between December 2013 and February
2014. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 190 mothers. In this study, we
compared two groups, who were educated or not educated on breastfeeding and
breast milk. The data was collected through a face to face interview. Results: The study group consisted of 190 mothers; 100 in the control group and
90 in the training group. There was a significant difference in the frequency
(88,8 %) and duration of breastfeeding (62,2 %) among the mothers in the
training group. There was a significantly high tendency among mothers in the
control group to feed their babies water, supplementary food / baby formula and
use pacifiers during the first 6 months. Using feeding bottles has been shown
to cause mothers to feed their babies only with breast milk for less than 6
months. Conclusion: It has been
concluded that breastfeeding training given to mothers before delivery
increases breastfeeding frequency and duration while lowering the use of
feeding bottles and making the practice of feeding babies water in the first 6
months less common. Mothers should be trained on breast milk and breastfeeding
starting from the period before delivery.Amaç: Bebek beslenmesinde en önemli
besin olan anne sütünün etkili ve bilinçli olarak bebeklere verilmesi için
annelerin bilgilendirilmesi ve desteklenmesi şarttır. Bu çalışma, gebelik
döneminde verilen anne sütü ve emzirme eğitiminin emzirme üzerine olan etkisini
göstermek ve eğitimin önemini vurgulamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Aralık 2013
ile Şubat 2014 arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 190 anne ile kesitsel bir çalışma
yapılmıştır. İki ayrı grubu, emziren ve anne sütü üzerine eğitimli ve
eğitilmemiş annelerle karşılaştırmayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada veriler yüz yüze
yapılan görüşme sonucu toplanmıştır. Bulgular:
Kontrol grubu 100, eğitim grubuna 90 olmak üzere toplam 190 anne çalışmaya
alınmıştır. Eğitim grubu annelerde anne sütü ile beslenme sıklığı (%88,8) ve süresinde
(%62,2) anlamlı olarak fark bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubu annelerde ilk altı ayda
su, emzik, tamamlayıcı gıda/mamaya başlanma davranışı anlamlı derecede
yüksektir. Biberon kullanımının altı aydan az sadece anne sütü ile beslenmeye
neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç:
Doğum öncesi dönemde annelere verilen eğitimle emzirme sıklığı ve süresinin
arttığı, biberon kullanma davranışı ve ilk altı ayda su vermenin azaldığı
sonucuna varılmıştır. Anneler, doğum öncesi dönemden başlayarak anne sütü ve
emzirme ile ilgili eğitimler verilerek bilgilendirilmelidir.
ALIMENTACION DE CONEJOS DE LEVANTE CON DIETAS EN MATERIAS PRIMAS NO CONVENCIONALES LAUREL, TOMILLO Y ZANAHORIA
Authors: Insuasty-Santacruz Efrén G. , Hidalgo Mary J. , Villota Byron D. , Mora Johnatan J. , Rosero Maria P. 
Published: May 2019

Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto que tiene la inclusión de plantas aromáticas como aditivo en la alimentación de conejos en fase de levante, se evaluó las características organolépticas y productivas, en la granja conejar Santa Clara, ubicada en la vereda Santa Clara, corregimiento de El Encano, municipio de Pasto. Se trabajó con ocho animales en la etapa de crecimiento de la raza Nueva Zelanda blanco, escogidos al azar. Se aplicó cuatro tratamientos: T0 = forraje + concentrado, T1 = forraje + concentrado + tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), T2 = forraje + concentrado + laurel (Morella pubescens) y T3 = forraje + zanahoria (Daucus carota). Se encontró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p<0,05), resultando el tratamiento T3 con mayor ganancia de peso (17,86 g/día). El presente estudio demuestra el efecto positivo de las especies aromáticas, en especial el tomillo (T. vulgaris) en la alimentación de conejos, de igual manera, el efecto en las características organolépticas en la canal del conejo, convirtiéndose en una alternativa forrajera importante para los productores en cuanto a la producción y comercialización de carne de conejo. Palabras Claves: plantas aromáticas, Oryctolagus cuniculus, levante, comercialización FEADING OF LEVANT RABBITS WITH DIETS IN NON CONVENTIONAL RAWMATERIALS, BAY LEAF, THYME AND CARROTABSTRACTWith the objective of determining the effect that has the inclusion of aromatic herbs as an additive in the diet of levant rabbits, were evaluated organoleptic and productive characteristics, in Santa Clara rabbit farm, located in the village of Santa Clara, corregimiento of El Encano, municipality of Pasto. We worked with eight animals at the groeth stage of New Zealand White bread, randomly selected. Four treatments were applied: T0 = grass + concentrate feed, T1 = grass + concentrate feed + thyme (Thymus vulgaris), T2 = grass + concentrate feed + laurel (Morella pubescens) and T3 = grass + carrot (Daucus carota). Significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) were found, resulting T3 treatment with greater weight gain (17.86 g/day). The present study shows the positive effect of this aromatic species, especially the thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in the feeding of rabbits, of equal way, the effect of the organoleptic features in the channel of the rabbit, this convert them in an alternative forage important for the producers in production and marketing of meat rabbit.
Socioeconomic Inequality in Metabolic Control Among Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study of 4,079 Danish Children
Authors: Nielsen Nick F. , Gaulke Amanda , Eriksen Tine M. , Svensson Jannet , Skipper Niels 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE
To examine inequality in glycemic control by maternal educational level among children with type 1 diabetes in a setting with universal access to health care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a longitudinal nationwide study of 4,079 Danish children with type 1 diabetes between the years 2000 and 2013. Children were divided into four groups based on mothers’ education prebirth (≤high school [n = 1,643], vocational or 2-year college [n = 1,548], bachelor’s degree [n = 695], ≥master’s degree [n = 193]). Means of socioeconomic and treatment characteristics were compared between groups. HbA1c and the number of daily glucose tests were compared repeatedly from onset until 5 years after onset across groups. HbA1c was compared across daily blood glucose testing frequency and groups. Linear regression was used to compare HbA1c across groups with and without adjustment for socioeconomic and treatment characteristics.

RESULTS
Large differences in HbA1c across maternal education were found. The mean level of HbA1c during follow-up was 59.7 mmol/mol (7.6%) for children of mothers with ≥master’s degrees and 68.7 mmol/mol (8.4%) for children of mothers with ≤high school (difference: 9.0 mmol/mol [95% CI 7.5, 10.6]; 0.8% [95% CI 0.7, 1.0]). The associations were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment. Observable characteristics explained 41.2% of the difference in HbA1c between children of mothers with ≤high school and mothers with ≥master’s degree; 22.5% of the difference was explained by more frequent blood glucose monitoring among the children with the highly educated mothers.

CONCLUSIONS
Family background is significantly related to outcomes for children with type 1 diabetes, even with universal access to health care.
Border, Environment, Neighbourhood
Authors: Berszán István 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In our academic environment, borders are usually treated within the territorial-institutional demarcation or the political resistance against such actions. In his essay “What is a Border?” Étienne Balibar focuses on political examples. What kind of demarcation is at work here? What kind of boundaries integrate everything in the space of social historical relations as if there was nothing else outside us? Politically speaking, we have created the institution of border, but according to the Australian philosopher Jeff Malpas, our being-in-the-world implies all-encompassing places as the material condition for the appearance of things and living creatures. The Hungarian term “határ” (border) has a specific meaning referring to the natural environment of a settlement: not a concrete line, but a field with depth around the built habitat of people. Can we apply a border theory based on political issues to our neighbourhood with non-human creatures? To what extent will the concept of border be changed if we consider different spaces of contact making? Through the close reading of some fragments from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden and Jack London’s White Fang, my paper shows how literature and the arts help us ask and investigate such questions.
The Frost in Faulkner: Walls and Borders of Modern Metaphor
Authors: Peiu Anca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
My paper discusses the dialogue between Robert Frost’s verse and William Faulkner’s works: from the first poems he published as a young writer, especially in his debut volume The Marble Faun (1924), to The Hamlet (1940), an acknowledged novel of maturity. Three world-famous poems: “Birches,” “Mending Wall,” “Nothing Gold Can Stay” will represent here Frost’s metaphorical counterpart. The allegorical borders thus crossed are those between Frost’s lyrical New England setting and the Old South of Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha diegesis; between (conventional patterns of) Romanticism and Modernism – in both writers’ cases; between poetry and prose; between “live metaphor” and “emplotment” (applying Paul Ricoeur’s theory of “semantic innovation”); between (other conventional patterns of) regionalism and (actual) universality. Frost’s uniqueness among the American modern poets owes much of its vital energy to his mock-bucolic lyrical settings, with their dark dramatic suggestiveness. In my paper I hope to prove that Frost’s lesson was a decisive inspiration for Faulkner, himself an atypical modern writer. If Faulkner’s fiction is pervaded by poetry, this is so because he saw himself as a “poet among novelists.” Faulkner actually started his career under the spell of Frost’s verse – at least to the same extent to which he had once emulated the spirit of older and remoter poets, such as Keats or Swinburne.
The Integration of the Armenian Immigrants in István Lakatos’s Siculia
Authors: Pap Levente 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so) was full of unexpected changes. From the tragic Battle of Mohács, fought against the Ottoman invasion (1526), until the Diploma Leopoldinum, which integrated the Principality in the huge Habsburg Empire, events like the rise of Lutheran, Calvinian or Unitarian reforms, the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation – despite the Edict of Torda in 1568, which declared religious tolerance and freedom of conscience – brought forth more disagreements. In the 1670s a new population coming from Moldova appeared in the Principality: the Armenians. The history of the establishment of this population was mentioned by the Catholic priest István Lakatos in his work Siculia (1702). Through the analysis of this work, we search for answers to the question regarding the relatively short integration period of this ethnic group.
Crossing the Borders of Teaching English with the Help of Band of Brothers
Authors: Imre Attila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present article discusses the popularity of English since World War II, which has turned to a decisive lingua franca in Europe over the past decades and has been a major component of the thriving language industry. Our hypothesis is that when it comes to teaching foreign languages, most notably English, the inclusion of translation is rather limited (at least in Eastern Europe), and translation is even “stigmatized and excluded” from instruction (cf. Venuti 2013). However, multimedia products from the USA, most notably Hollywood movies, are highly popular among teenagers – thus, we argue for the benefits of watching (together with their scripts and subtitles) and using them as “natural” sources of language which may be used to counterbalance the textbooks and grammar books originating from the UK. We exemplify specific grammar- and vocabulary-related border crossings of institutionalized language teaching (e.g. Subject–Verb disagreement or double negative) from Band of Brothers, a highly popular TV mini-series. We also highlight the importance of the target language and individual norms when translating or subtitling taboo words. The conclusion section mentions the effectiveness of translations through subtitles, knowing that the effort is diminished when learning and entertainment is combined (cf. Caimi 2006) in the hope of serving the real needs of the learners.
An Analysis of Ethnic Influence on Language: Mandarin or Xinjiang Mandarin?
Authors: Gao Maomao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate lexical borrowings from ethnic languages to standard Mandarin. Data are collected through daily observation after years of living in Xinjiang, China. The data suggest that phonetic loans and hybrid loans are the major approaches in lexical borrowings from Uyghur, Russian, and Persian. Two motivations behind Uyghur borrowings into Mandarin are discussed: cultural borrowings and core borrowings. Cultural borrowings are new objects, concepts of ethnic origins, which are new to Han Chinese communities. Core borrowings are Mandarin words which have been replaced by Uyghur. However, core borrowings are not associated with the prestige of the donor language in this case; instead, frequency, marker, friendliness, and religious consideration are the major reasons. In addition, this paper analyses the strategies of lexical borrowings from ethnic languages in Mandarin. It further discusses the cultural backgrounds behind lexical borrowings. The lexical borrowings from ethnic languages into Mandarin suggest the openness and inclusiveness of Chinese language and culture.
Translingual Practice and Transcultural Connections in Assia Djebar’sLa Femme sans sépulture
Authors: Boussoualim Malika 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLa Femme sans sépultureis one of Djebar’s recent publications which carries on with the author’s self-proclaimed project of recreating an Arabo-Berber past in a French text. The recreation process is achieved through writing in French, which is invaded by Algerian women’s oral voices. In this article, I will argue that French and Algerian oral languages – Arabic and Berber – mutually influence each other, allowing the emergence of new linguistic structures. This is evidenced in the text by the use of free indirect discourse which allows the oral to modify French while being modified by it. Relying on Suresh Canagarajah’s studies on cross-language relations, the mutual relations between Algerian orality and French are interpreted as translingual practices aimed to promote transcultural communication.
The Translation of Ellipsis as Identity Marker in the Literary Dialogue
Authors: Arhire Mona 
Published: May 2019

AbstractApart from the ellipsis occurring in discourse as a fairly common cohesive device, the literary dialogue oftentimes uses ellipsis as a stylistic or rhetorical device or as a means of endowing characters with idiolectal or sociolectal features. This paper examines such instances of ellipsis which contribute to the construction of the literary heroes’ identity through their speech, while providing them with features distinguishing them from the other characters either in terms of social identity or emotional state. The study is based on examples depicted from the dialogue of a number of literary works written in English and selected so as to exhibit a variety of functions which ellipsis acquires to complete some heroes’ identity or state of mind. Considering the importance of the information embedded in such ellipses, a contrastive approach to translation is obvious. The analysis focuses on the translation of ellipsis from English into Romanian and scrutinizes the situations when structural differences between English and Romanian prevent formal equivalence, which triggers an important loss of information in translation. The findings lead to conclusions relative to translation solutions that can be adopted to compensate for the scarcity of structural similarities between the two languages in contact in translation.
The Image of Women in Romanian Advertisements: The 1930s. A Discourse Analysis Approach
Authors: Nechifor Andreea , Dimulescu Cristina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article aims at picturing the image of women as portrayed in Romanian advertising during the 1930s. Torn between forward-looking associations fighting for equal rights and traditionalist tendencies confining the woman to the household, the female image, as captured by adverts, underwent spectacular changes, as a reflection of the mentalities and implications generated by the historical and social background.
Bengáli Tűz: A Spectrum of Intercultural Transfer
Authors: Gaur Savita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A definite change occurs when two cultures interact and exchange information, which leads to the transformation in their respective cultures. Bengáli Tűz (Fire of Bengal) is a famous Hungarian journal and is often described as a travel journal or a novelistic voyage, which comes from the era of the early twentieth century and displays some impeccable shades of intercultural transfer. A Hungarian housewife went to India with her husband in 1929 and stayed there for three years while recording her personal experiences in a journal known as Bengáli Tűz in present time. Rózsa Hajnóczy’s journey started with a cultural shock that ended up in making her a knowledgeable person regarding a new culture. It is a chain of prominent events, narrating the story of how the author’s perspective about life met with a change and how she gained some openness and became culturally transformed. She had tears in her eyes when she left Hungary and came to India, as she was reluctant to leave her home, but after three years, when she departed from India, she again cried, but this time it was not for either India or Hungary. Her eyes were wet as she missed the notion of the entire “world” under the same roof. Other nationalities in this travel journal also underwent cultural transformation. The journal also showcases other compelling and significant topics, which makes it a tempting piece to read and an authentic piece of literature. Bengáli Tűz can be analysed from various points of view, of which here I chose “intercultural transfer”, but I am fully aware that a postcolonial reading would also offer fascinating insights into the journal.
Virtual and Face-To-Face Academic Conferences: Comparison and Potentials
Authors: Sá Maria José , Ferreira Carlos Miguel , Serpa Sandro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Academic conferences have always been privileged spaces and moments for the dissemination of new scientific knowledge, as well as for social interaction and for the establishment and development of social networks among scientists. However, the virtual dimension of conferences, in which individuals are not physically present in the same place, begins to emerge as an increasingly used possibility, which implies a different framing of these scientific events. This paper seeks to comparatively analyse several models of academic conferences, putting forth their advantages, limitations and potentials. Furthermore, it also seeks to reasonably envision the importance and challenges to be faced in the near future. The analysis allows concluding that virtual conferences tend to take on an increasingly central role in this type of scientific dissemination, but without totally relegating the conference mode with face-to-face interaction. Moreover, there may be conferences that emerge as a hybrid between these two types of conferences, in an attempt to provide their main benefits to the various participants. However, the insufficient literature on this topic calls for the need to develop and deepen studies in this area that allow understanding this academic and social, but also economic phenomenon, in its broader implications.
Efficacy of Systematic Desensitization Therapy on Academic Boredom among Adolescents in Edo State Secondary Schools
Authors: Ijeoma Ohanaka Blessing , Oladipo Adeleke Ismaila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An individual experiences boredom when an activity is neither entertaining nor conducive. Academic boredom and its negative influences include dissatisfaction and low arousal in school activities, depression, high school dropout, lack of academic goal orientation, abusive behaviours as well as poor academic performances among students. The study sought to investigate the efficacy of Systematic desensitization on academic boredom among students in Edo State Secondary Schools. The research used quasi experimental design adopting the pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group experiment. The population for the study consisted of One thousand, five hundred and eighty-two (I,582) SS2 students from Seven (7) public schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample for the study was made up of two intact classes comprising of 91 (Ninety-one) SS2 students. The instruments used for the study is Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), developed by Farmer and Sunberg, adapted from Obisanya with a test retest reliability co-efficient of 0.792. The findings of this study showed that Systematic desensitization was effective in reducing academic boredom. It was also more effective than the control group (non-attention). It is therefore recommended that reciprocal inhibition can be used to desensitize the students by counsellors. In the classroom, the teacher should note individual differences, engage students in classroom activities, use real life situations and also make learning interesting.
The Effective Identification of Objects in Selected Areas of Transport Transhipment
Authors: Łubkowski Piotr , Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The dynamic evolution of techniques and networking technologies finds its application not only in the traditional networks and IT systems but is also possible to be successfully implemented in highly professional implementations of the logistics sector. The authors conducted a multi-faceted analysis and focused on the technical aspect associated with the selected components of logistics, i.e. storage, handling and transport. Ensuring efficient transhipment, with possible numerous and unwanted anomalies is particularly difficult when there may be numerous and unwanted anomalies. Technical objects and people changing the means of transport should achieve this in a reliable and safe way. Hence the need for continuous and effective monitoring of ongoing processes, based on a highly reliable monitoring system (MS). The article presents the concept of using a complex MS for the purpose of effective identification of objects and events.
Risk Assessment of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
Authors: Kardach Monika , Fuć Paweł , Galant Marta , Maciejewska Marta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The intensive growth in the popularity of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) used for recreational, sporting and other purposes, may lead to an increase in accidents and incidents involving them. Therefore, it is advisable to raise the awareness of all users, related to safety issues, to harmonize standards and procedures applicable at international and national level. The article presents the legal conditions for unmanned operations and the risk assessment methods used in areas of human activity. On this basis, an original method of risk assessment in unmanned systems was proposed. The method can be part of the operating instructions of the RPAS operator. At the end, final conclusions were drawn up.