bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abbildung der wärmedämmenden Wirkung eines fassadengebundenen Begrünungssystems in einem Simulationsmodell
Authors: Tudiwer David , Vertal' Marián , Korjenic Azra , Čakyová Katarína 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIm vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die wärmedämmende Wirkung eines Fassaden‐Begrünungssystems in einem Simulationsmodel dargestellt. Für die Abbildung wurden in situ‐Messungen an einem fassadengebundenem Trogsystem, das an einem Bürogebäude in Wien installiert wurde, verwendet. Das untersuchte Bürogebäude ist ungedämmt und die Fassade besteht aus Vollziegeln. Über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren wurden in‐situ U‐Wert‐Messungen an zwei Positionen der Fassade durchgeführt. Eine Position ist an einem begrünten Fassadenabschnitt, die andere an einem unbegrünten Abschnitt. Die Messstellen liegen im selben Stockwerk, grenzen an denselben Raum und sind in dieselbe Richtung (südwärts) ausgerichtet. Die Auswertung der Messungen zeigt, dass der U‐Wert am begrünten Teil der Fassade um rund 20 Prozent geringer ist, als am unbegrünten. Der Wärmedurchgangswiderstand erhöht sich um 0,33 m2K/W. Im Simulationsprogramm WUFI wurde die gemessene Situation nachgestellt und der zusätzliche Wärmedurchgangswiderstand dynamisch berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die gemessenen Oberflächentemperaturen eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit den simulierten haben. In der Simulation sind die Extremwerte (besonders hohe oder niedrige Temperaturen) weniger ausgeprägt als bei der in situ‐Messung. Die Erhöhung des Wärmedurchgangswiderstandes aufgrund der Begrünung beträgt bei der Simulation 0,25 bis 0,27 m2K/W und ist somit geringer als die der in situ‐Messung.
An approach for augmented learning of finite element analysis
Authors: Huang Jiming , Ong Soh Khim , Nee Andrew Yeh‐Ching 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) is taught in most engineering faculties due to its extensive applications. However, the pedagogy is restricted due to the lack of effective and efficient educational tools. Besides plowing through tedious theories, students have to overcome challenges of using commercial FEA software for problem solving, which often has nonintuitive user interfaces. To help students grasp FEA easily without a stiff learning curve in understanding the software, this paper proposes to integrate the Augmented Reality (AR) technology with FEA. With such integration, FEA results can be augmented and visualized on physical structures to facilitate understanding and interpreting FEA results. In addition, students can perform various FEA tasks directly on physical structures, such as applying loads to investigate structural behavior, exploring FEA results through slicing and clipping, and so forth. A prototype system is built and a user study is conducted. The results have demonstrated the unique features of this novel approach.
Individualized concurrent chemotherapy by pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr viral DNA in II‐III stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis using a large cohort
Authors: Sun Xue‐Song , Chen Wen‐Hui , Liu Sai‐Lan , Liang Yu‐Jing , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Guo Shan‐Shan , Wen Yue‐Feng , Liu Li‐Ting , Xie Hao‐Jun , Tang Qing‐Nan , Li Xiao‐Yun , Yan Jin‐Jie , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Tang Lin‐Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectTo ascertain the treatment effect of concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) in stage II‐III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with different Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA level in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era.MethodsA total of 2742 patients diagnosed with stage II‐III NPC were involved in this study. Patients received IMRT with/without CCT. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used to determine the cut‐off value of pre‐DNA based on OS. After propensity score matching, the role of CCT was explored in patients with different EBV DNA level.ResultsIn our cohort, the cut‐off value of pre EBV DNA was 1460 copies/mL (area under curve [AUC], 0.695‐0.769; sensitivity, 0.766; specificity, 0.599). Patients with high EBV DNA level showed poor survival in OS, progression free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). In patients with EBV DNA level >1460 copies/mL, the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group achieved higher 3‐year OS compared with IMRT groups. However, the CCRT and IMRT groups showed comparable OS in patients with EBV DNA ≤1460 copies/mL. In multivariate analyses, CCT was a protective factor for OS, PFS, and LRFS in high‐risk patients (EBV DNA level >1460 copies/mL), while not an independent prognostic factor among the low‐risk patients (EBV DNA level ≤1460 copies/mL).ConclusionPre‐EBV DNA could be a useful tool to guide individualized treatment for stage II‐III NPC patients. Additional CCT to IMRT improved the survival for patients with high pre‐EBV DNA, while those with low pre‐EBV DNA could not.
Safety and effectiveness of the da Vinci robot with the "3+2" mode for distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Zhan Weipeng , Hu Ming , Han Caiwen , Tian Hongwei , Jing Wutang , Li Xiaofei , Shi Hao , Yang Xiaojun , Guo Tiankang , Su He , Ma Yuntao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, no relevant research has focused on the relationship between the clinical efficacy of da Vinci robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) and the number of mechanical arms and assistants used for RDP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and advantages of RDP with the “3 + 2” mode.MethodsClinical data from 53 patients (observation group) who received RDP using the “3 + 2” mode in our department, from March 2016 to September 2018, were reviewed. An additional 53 patients who received RDP using the classical mode were chosen at random for the control group. Short‐term outcomes for the two groups were compared.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for estimated blood loss, postoperative day of flatus passage, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly shorter operative time (166.9 ± 13.3 vs 192.6 ± 11.1 minutes, P < 0.001), lower surgical costs ($2827.79 ± $173.02 vs $3900.63 ± $317.29, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe RDP using the “3 + 2” mode can increase the exposure of surgical field, improve cooperation between assistants, lower the surgical costs, and shorten the operative time and learning curve. Moreover, the clinical effect is equal to that of RDP using the classical mode. These findings indicate that RDP using the “3 + 2” mode is safe and feasible for institutions that are equipped for robot‐assisted surgery.
Development of a Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Method to Study Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by Lavender Roots
Authors: Stierlin Émilie , Nicolè Florence , Fernandez Xavier , Michel Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed and optimized for the extraction and the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lavandin and fine lavender roots. Optimal parameters to extract volatile molecules from ground and intact roots were determined using a divinylbenzene‐carboxen‐polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coating fiber at 70 °C for 60 min. A total of 99 VOCs, including 40 monoterpenoids, 15 sesquiterpenoids, 1 diterpenoid and 2 coumarins were detected. The main compounds detected in lavandin roots were fenchol, borneol, and coumarin. Performances of the optimized SPME GC/MS method were evaluated via the comparison of VOC emissions between roots from different cultivars of fine lavender (7713 and maillette) and lavandin (abrial and grosso). Chemometric analysis, using partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), suggests fifteen significant features as potential discriminatory compounds. Among them, β‐phellandrene allows discrimination between lavender and lavandin varieties.
Methane Activation on Bimetallic Catalysts: Properties and Functions of Surface Ni−Ag Alloy
Authors: Dam Anh Hoang , Wang Hongmin , Dehghan‐Niri Roya , Yu Xiaofeng , Walmsley John C. , Holmen Anders , Yang Jia , Chen De 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a fundamental study of the properties and functions of well‐defined Ni−Ag surface alloys in methane decomposition and steam reforming, aiming at providing a better understanding of the principle for manipulating the catalytic activity of steam reforming and suppressing carbon formation. A better insight of structure‐property relationship was obtained by a kinetic study of the reactions on well‐defined surface Ni−Ag alloys, which were synthesized by surface redox reaction to selectively introduce Ag atoms into the surface of Ni particles supported on hydrotalcite derived support. The effects of Ni surface alloy with Ag are three‐folds in general. Replacement of Ni by Ag reduces the number of active site exponentially with increasing Ag site coverage. Ag site is not only inactive, but also significantly reduces the activity of adjacent Ni sites for methane activation in both methane decomposition and steam reforming. The third effect is to block the active sites for the nucleation and growth of the filamentous carbon. The rate of methane activation at Ni step sites was found to be 16–19 times of that on Ni terrace sites. The carbon formation rate decreased linearly with Ag site coverage and the effect of Ag is divided into two regions. At low Ag site coverages (0 to 0.055), Ag atoms preferentially deposit on Ni step sites, which has a significant effect on the methane activation compared to Ag atoms on the Ni terrace sites. The results reveal that the effects of Ag site on the carbon formation in the two regions are mostly caused by the different effects of Ag on the activity of Ni step sites and terrace sites, respectively, rather than the different ensemble sizes for carbon formation proposed in the literature.
Triptycene End‐Capped Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines (QPPs): Influence of Substituents and Conditions on Aggregation in the Solid State
Authors: Ueberricke Lucas , Holub Daniel , Kranz Julian , Rominger Frank , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTriptycene end‐capped quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine reveals a coplanar arrangement with a high overlap of the π planes. Four structurally related model compounds bearing electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups were synthesized, and their optoelectronic properties were characterized by using cyclovoltammetry, absorption‐ and emission spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations. The directional robustness of the triptycene end‐capping of these compounds was tested by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The impact of solvents and crystallization conditions has also been investigated. In total, 17 single‐crystal structures were obtained. Each structure was evaluated for its potential charge‐transfer capability taking into account the overall molecular packing, solvent enclathration and the structural overlap of the π planes of adjacent molecules. For this purpose, charge‐transfer integrals were also calculated for every π‐stacked dimer.
Secret Paper with Vinegar as an Invisible Security Ink and Fire as a Decryption Key for Information Protection
Authors: Chen Fei‐Fei , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Zhang Qiang‐Qiang , Yang Ri‐Long , Qin Dong‐Dong , Xiong Zhi‐Chao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSecurity inks based on photoluminescent materials are mostly investigated for security applications, such as information encryption and decryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and data storage. Although they are invisible to the naked eye under ambient light, they can be detected under ultraviolet or near‐infrared light. Herein, a new kind of secret paper made from network‐structured ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers has been developed. White vinegar, a common cooking ingredient, is used as an invisible security ink. Covert information on the secret paper written with white vinegar is totally invisible under natural light, but it can be decrypted and clearly read after exposure to fire; the response time to fire is short (<10 s). The ways of writing on the secret paper are diverse by using various pens loaded with white vinegar.
Quinoxaline and Pyrido[x,y‐b]pyrazine‐Based Emitters: Tuning Normal Fluorescence to Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Emitting Color over the Entire Visible‐Light Range
Authors: Huang Tingting , Liu Di , Jiang Jingyang , Jiang Wenfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuinoxaline (Q), pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine (PP) and pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine (iPP) are used as electron acceptors (A) to design a series of D–π–A‐type light‐emitting materials with different donor (D) groups. By adjusting the molecular torsion angles through changing D from carbazole (Cz) to 10‐dimethylacridine (DMAC) or 10H‐phenoxazine (PXZ) for a fixed A, the luminescence is tuned from normal fluorescence to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By gradually enhancing the intramolecular charge‐transfer extent through combining different D and A, the emission color is continuously and regularly tuned from pure blue to orange–red. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing these compounds as doped emitters exhibit bright electroluminescence with emission colors covering the entire visible‐light range. An external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 1.2 % with excellent color coordinates of (0.16, 0.07) is obtained for the pure‐blue OLED of Q‐Cz. High ηext values of 12.9 (35.9) to 16.7 % (51.9 cd A−1) are realized in the green, yellow, and orange–red TADF OLEDs. All PP‐ and iPP‐based TADF emitters exhibit superior efficiency stabilities to that of analogues of Q. This provides a practical strategy to tune the emission color of Q, PP, and iPP derivatives with the same molecular skeletons over the entire visible‐light range.
5‐Methylcytosine is Oxidized to the Natural Metabolites of TET Enzymes by a Biomimetic Iron(IV)‐Oxo Complex
Authors: Jonasson Niko S. W. , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTen‐eleven‐translocation (TET) methyl cytosine dioxygenases play a key role in epigenetics by oxidizing the epigenetic marker 5‐methyl cytosine (5mC) to 5‐hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC), 5‐formyl cytosine (5fC), and 5‐carboxy cytosine (5cC). Although much of the metabolism of 5mC has been studied closely, certain aspects—such as discrepancies among the observed catalytic activity of TET enzymes and calculated bond dissociation energies of the different cytosine substrates—remain elusive. Here, it is reported that the DNA base 5mC is oxidized to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5cC by a biomimetic iron(IV)‐oxo complex, reminiscent of the activity of TET enzymes. Studies show that 5hmC is preferentially turned over compared with 5mC and 5fC and that this is in line with the calculated bond dissociation energies. The optimized syntheses of d3‐5mC and d2‐5hmC are also reported and in the reaction with the biomimetic iron(IV)‐oxo complex these deuterated substrates showed large kinetic isotope effects, confirming the hydrogen abstraction as the rate‐limiting step. Taken together, these results shed light on the intrinsic reactivity of the C−H bonds of epigenetic markers and the contribution of the second coordination sphere in TET enzymes.
Strategic Capture of the {Nb7} Polyoxometalate
Authors: Martin Nicolas P. , Petrus Enric , Segado Mireia , Arteaga Ana , Zakharov Lev N. , Bo Carles , Nyman May 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGroup V Nb‐polyoxometalate (Nb‐POM) chemistry generally lacks the elegant pH‐controlled speciation exhibited by group VI (Mo, W) POM chemistry. Here three Nb‐POM clusters were isolated and structurally characterized; [Nb14O40(O2)2H3]14−, [((UO2)(H2O))3Nb46(UO2)2O136H8(H2O)4]24−, and [(Nb7O22H2)4(UO2)7(H2O)6]22−, that effectively capture the aqueous Nb‐POM species from pH 7 to pH 10. These Nb‐POMs illustrate a reaction pathway for control over speciation that is driven by counter‐cations (Li+) rather than pH. The two reported heterometallic POMs (with UO22+ moieties) are stabilized by replacing labile H2O/HO−Nb=O with very stable O=U=O. The third isolated Nb‐POM features cis‐yl‐oxos, prior observed only in group VI POM chemistry. Moreover, with these actinide‐heterometal contributions to the burgeoning Nb‐POM family, it now transects all major metal groups of the periodic table.
Racial/Ethnic‐Specific Differences in the Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use on Bronchodilator Response in Patients With Asthma
Authors: Samedy‐Bates Lesly‐Anne , Oh Sam S. , Nuckton Thomas J. , Elhawary Jennifer R. , White Marquitta , Elliot Tyronda , Zeiger Andy M. , Eng Celeste , Salazar Sandra , LeNoir Michael A. , Meade Kelley , Farber Harold J. , Serebrisky Denise , Brigino‐Buenaventura Emerita , Rodriguez‐Cintron William , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Kumar Rajesh , Thyne Shannon , Borrell Luisa N. , Rodriguez‐Santana José R. , Pino‐Yanes Maria , Burchard Esteban G. 
Published: June 2019

American Thoracic Society guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, plus a short‐acting bronchodilator, in patients with persistent asthma. However, few prior studies have examined the efficacy of this combination in children of all racial/ethnic groups. We evaluated the association between ICS use and bronchodilator response (BDR) in three pediatric populations with persistent asthma (656 African American, 916 Puerto Rican, and 398 Mexican American children). The association was assessed using multivariable quantile regression. After adjusting for baseline forced expiratory volume in one second and use of controller medications, ICS use was significantly associated with increased BDR only among Mexican Americans (1.56%, P = 0.028) but not African Americans (0.49%, P = 0.426) or Puerto Ricans (0.16%, P = 0.813). Our results demonstrate that ICS augmentation is disproportionate across racial/ethnic groups, where improved BDR is observed in Mexican Americans only. This study highlights the complexities of treating asthma in children, and reinforces the importance of investigating the influence of race/ethnicity on pharmacological response.
Opportunistic interference alignment for three‐tier partially connected heterogeneous networks
Authors: Benaya Ahmed M. , Elsabrouty Maha 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWith the expected increase in the number of connected devices, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) technology has gained great attention in next generation wireless networks. The deployment of such low power nodes in the same geographical area and using the same allocated frequency introduces significant interference among different nodes in the network. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage opportunistic interference alignment (OIA) scheme for the three‐tier downlink HetNet that targets user scheduling along with mitigating intertier and intratier interference signals. Two cascaded precoding matrices as well as two cascaded postcoding matrices are used to perform the two‐stage interference alignment (IA) operation. The outer precoding/postcoding matrix pair are designed using the rank‐constrained rank minimization (RCRM) to minimize the interference among the users associated to the same tier. Simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms other conventional schemes in terms of the sum rate and the sum achieved degrees of freedom (DoF).
Accounting for heterogeneity when estimating stopover duration, timing and population size of red knots along the Luannan Coast of Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Lok Tamar , Hassell Chris J. , Piersma Theunis , Pradel Roger , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

To successfully perform their long‐distance migrations, migratory birds require sites along their migratory routes to rest and refuel. Monitoring the use of so‐called stopover and staging sites provides insights into (a) the timing of migration and (b) the importance of a site for migratory bird populations. A recently developed Bayesian superpopulation model that integrates mark–recapture data and ring density data enabled the estimation of stopover timing, duration, and population size. Yet, this model did not account for heterogeneity in encounter (p) and staying (ϕ) probabilities.

Here we extended the integrated superpopulation model by implementing finite mixtures to account for heterogeneity in p and ϕ. We used simulations and real data (from 2009–2016) on red knots Calidris canutus, mostly of the subspecies piersmai, staging in Bohai Bay, China, during spring migration to (a) show the importance of accounting for heterogeneity in encounter and staying probabilities to get unbiased estimates of stopover timing, duration, and numbers of migratory birds at staging sites and (b) get accurate stopover parameter estimates for a migratory bird species at a key staging site that is threatened by habitat destruction.

Our simulations confirmed that heterogeneity in p affected stopover parameter estimates more than heterogeneity in ϕ, especially when most birds had low p. Bias was particularly severe when most birds had both low ϕ and p. Bias was largest for population size, intermediate for stopover duration and negligible for stopover timing.

A total of 50,000–100,000 red knots were estimated to annually stop for 5–9 days in Bohai Bay between 10 and 30 May. This shows the key importance of this staging site for this declining species. There were no clear changes in stopover parameters over time, although stopover population size was substantially lower in 2016 than in preceding years.

Our study shows the importance of accounting for heterogeneity in both encounter and staying probabilities for accurately estimating stopover duration and population size and provides an appropriate modeling framework.
Seasonal water use strategy of canopy tree species and possible implication for their coexistence in a subtropical secondary forest
Authors: Ouyang Lei , He Wen , Huang Kechao , Zhou Cuiming , Gu Daxing , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigated the seasonal water use patterns of five canopy tree species,Schima superba,Liquidambar formosanaHance,Quercus griffithiiHook,Quercus acutissimaCarruth, andPinus massoniana, in a subtropical secondary forest in Guangxi province, which were pervasively planted in South China. The hypothesis is that the trees can make different temporal use of environmental resources that change seasonally and consequently contribute to their coexistence. Sap flow technique was used to measure the daily and seasonal transpiration during the period from June 2016 to May 2017. The sap flow—derived daily transpiration (EL), leaf water potential (ΔΨ), hydraulic conductance (K), as well as the responses ofELto driving factor—water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was determined in dry and wet seasons. Measured data of stem sap flow showed thatL. formosana,Q. griffithii, andP. massonianatranspired more water thanS. superbaandQ. acutissimaduring the whole monitoring period, whereas dailyELofP. massonianarapidly decreased under dry season. We attributed the different water use patterns to the significant difference in ΔΨ,K, and wood density among the five species. Moreover, linear relationships between the daily transpiration andVPDmight suggest diverse water use strategies. For the species ofS. superba,Q. acutissima, andP. massoniana, less water consumption and relatively flat change of transpiration withVPDwere observed, suggesting a relatively tighter stomatal control. The slope values forL. formosanaandQ. griffithii, which were much higher even under dry season, might own a weak stomatal control. These different functional and hydraulic traits, together with the associated water use strategies, might facilitate the coexistence of these five canopy tree species, which would assist in predicting the impact of future environmental changes on plant biodiversity and ecosystem services in the investigated region.