bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pedagogy of social justice for resilient/vulnerable populations: Structural competency and bio‐power
Authors: Woolsey Colleen , Narruhn Robin A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundNursing schools frequently assert the importance of social justice curriculum, but little information is available about specifics for such a class.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe a class that builds a foundation for the understanding of social justice and the pedagogical frameworks on which it rests.MethodsThe authors develop a class grounded in bio‐power and structural competency.DiscussionDescribed are topics presented to students, the rationale for their selection along with class activities and implementation challenges. Highlighted is the use of praxis as students incorporate the components of structural competency and bio‐power. The focus is on the potential for public health and advanced practice registered nurses to recognize and evaluate structural factors in patient and population‐based care.ConclusionFaculty meet substantive challenges in teaching social justice, including lack of recognition of societal forces which affect student's ability to provide care. Focused effort incorporating newer structural and philosophical frameworks in a social justice class may improve the provision of health services. The frameworks of structural competency and bio‐power provide a critical paradigm salient in social justice pedagogy.
Inhibitory Effect of Lupeol on MMPs Expression using Aged Fibroblast through Repeated UVA Irradiation
Authors: Park Young Min , Park Soo Nam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, the aged dermal fibroblast model was constructed by repeated irradiation with UV light and the effect of lupeol, a triterpenoid, on anti‐aging was confirmed. SA‐β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) stained aged cells increased by about 40% and expression of p‐p53, p21, p16 and MMPs (MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3) increased in aged fibroblast. As an efficacy result, the treatment of lupeol on aged fibroblast induced by UVA repeated irradiation showed a dose‐dependent reduction of SA‐β‐gal stained aged cells, the expression of p‐p53, p21, p16 and inhibition of MMPs. Interestingly, lupeol increased dephosphorylation of p‐ERK in repeated UV irradiated conditions. Additionally, lupeol compensated MMPs expression when p‐ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by p‐ERK inhibitor PD98059. Thus, these results showed that lupeol has a possible effect on MMPs expression using inhibition of the p‐ERK pathway. Taken together, we confirmed that lupeol inhibits senescence through inhibiting MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3 as well as p‐p53, p21 and p16 expression and SA‐β‐gal activity in repeated UVA‐irradiated senescent FB models, therefore suggesting that lupeol may be useful as an anti‐aging agent.
Red galls: the different stories of two gall types on the same host
Authors: Bomfim Phabliny M. S. , Cardoso João C. F. , Rezende Uiara C. , Martini Vitor C. , Oliveira Denis C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested reasons why galls have conspicuous colours, but none of the ideas have been confirmed. However, what if the vibrant colours of some galls are explained simply by the effect of light exposure? This may lead to anthocyanin accumulation, functioning as a defence mechanism against the effects of high light.We studied the globoid galls induced by Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) onQualea parviflora(Vochysiaceae), relating anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to light incidence in abaxial and adaxial galls. We also tested if the anthocyanin accumulation patterns apply to another Cecidomyiidae‐induced gall morphotype (intralaminar) within the same plant.Adaxial galls are exposed to higher incident light, with more anthocyanin accumulation and therefore red coloration. In galls from angled leaves, the greater the angle of the leaf, the higher the difference between anthocyanins on the sun and shade sides of galls. Photosynthetic pigment concentrations did not differ between abaxial and adaxial galls. However, we found higher (Fm′ − F′)/Fm′ andFv/Fmin the abaxial galls. Conversely,NPQand Rfdwere higher in adaxial galls. Finally, the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation was not found in the intralaminar gall.Anthocyanin accumulation in galls functions as a photoprotective strategy, maintaining tissue vitality in regions exposed to high light conditions. However, this mechanism may vary even among galls within the same host, indicating idiosyncrasy when it comes to coloration in galls. To date, this is the first study to demonstrate quantitatively why the galls of a specific species may be coloured: the variation in light regimes creates differential anthocyanin accumulation, influencing coloration.
Discrete Weibull Generalized Additive Model: An Application to Count Fertility Data
Authors: Peluso Alina , Vinciotti Veronica , Yu Keming 
Published: September 2018

SummaryFertility plans, measured by the number of planned children, have been found to be affected by education and family background via complex tail dependences. This challenge was previously met with the use of non-parametric jittering approaches. The paper shows how a novel generalized additive model based on a discrete Weibull distribution provides partial effects of the covariates on fertility plans which are comparable with jittering, without the inherent drawback of conditional quantiles crossing. The model has some additional desirable features: both overdispersed and underdispersed data can be modelled by this distribution, the conditional quantiles have a simple analytic form and the likelihood is the same as that of a continuous Weibull distribution with interval-censored data. Because the likelihood is like that of a continuous Weibull distribution, efficient implementations are already available, in the R package gamlss, for a range of models and inferential procedures, and at a fraction of the time compared with the jittering and Conway–Maxwell–Poisson approaches, showing potential for the wide applicability of this approach to the modelling of count data.
High‐frequency cycles of brachiopod shell beds on subaqueous delta‐scale clinoforms (early Pliocene, south‐east Spain)
Authors: García‐Ramos Diego A. , Zuschin Martin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring the early Pliocene, subaqueous delta‐scale clinoforms developed in the Águilas Basin, in a mixed temperate carbonate–siliciclastic system. The facies distribution is consistent with the infralittoral prograding wedge model. Stacking patterns and bounding surfaces indicate that the clinoforms formed during the highstand and falling sea‐level stages of a high rank cycle. Twenty‐two prograding clinothems were recognized over a distance of ≥1 km. Biostratigraphic data indicate a time span shorter than 700 kyr for the whole unit (MPl3 biozone of the Mediterranean Pliocene). Cyclic skeletal concentrations and occasional biostromes of suspension feeders (terebratulid brachiopods, modiolid bivalves and adeoniform bryozoan colonies), slightly evolved glauconite and occasionalGlossifungitesichnofacies formed on the clinoforms during high‐frequency pulses of relative sea‐level rise. During such stages, increased accommodation space in the topsets of the clinoforms caused a strong reduction of terrigenous input into the foresets and bottomsets. This provided favourable conditions for the development of these suspension feeder palaeocommunities. During stillstand stages, however, reduced accommodation space in the topsets eventually resumed progradation in the foresets. There, the abundance ofDitrupatubes indicates frequent siltation events that extirpated the terebratulid populations and other epifaunal suspension feeders in the foreset and bottomset subenvironments. The occurrence of shell beds on the clinoforms suggests that this case study represents lower progradation rates than standard examples where shell beds bound the clinobedded units at their base and top only. Importantly, the distributions of biofacies and ichnoassemblage associations contribute significantly to the understanding of the effects of relative sea‐level fluctuations on the evolution of subaqueous delta‐scale clinoform systems.
Stoichiometric analysis of the energetics and metabolic impact of photorespiration in C3 plants
Authors: Huma Benazir , Kundu Sudip , Poolman Mark G. , Kruger Nicholas J. , Fell David A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAnalysis of the impact of photorespiration on plant metabolism is usually based on manual inspection of small network diagrams. Here we create a structural metabolic model that contains the reactions that participate in photorespiration in the plastid, peroxisome, mitochondrion and cytosol, and the metabolite exchanges between them. This model was subjected to elementary flux modes analysis, a technique that enumerates all the component, minimal pathways of a network. Any feasible photorespiratory metabolism in the plant will be some combination of the elementary flux modes (EFMs) that contain the Rubisco oxygenase reaction. Amongst the EFMs we obtained was the classic photorespiratory cycle, but there were also modes that involve photorespiration coupled with mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, the glutathione‐ascorbate cycle and nitrate reduction to ammonia. The modes analysis demonstrated the underlying basis of the metabolic linkages with photorespiration that have been inferred experimentally. The set of reactions common to all the elementary modes showed good agreement with the gene products of mutants that have been reported to have a defective phenotype in photorespiratory conditions. Finally, the set of modes provided a formal demonstration that photorespiration itself does not impact on the CO2:O2 ratio (assimilation quotient), except in those modes associated with concomitant nitrate reduction.
Arabidopsis phytochrome A nuclear translocation is mediated by a far‐red elongated hypocotyl 1–importin complex
Authors: Helizon Hanna , Rösler‐Dalton Jutta , Gasch Philipp , von Horsten Silke , Essen Lars‐Oliver , Zeidler Mathias 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPhytochrome A (phyA) is a red and far‐red (FR) sensing photoreceptor regulating plant growth and development. Its biologically active FR‐absorbing form Pfr translocates into the nucleus and subsequently regulates gene expression. Two transport facilitators, FR elongated hypocotyl 1 (FHY1) and FHY1‐like (FHL), are crucial for its cytoplasmic‐nuclear translocation. FHY1 interacts preferentially with activated phyA (Pfr) in assays with recombinant phyA and FHY1 and in vivo. Nuclear translocation of the phyA‐FHY1 complex depends on a nuclear localization signal (NLS) of FHY1, which is recognized by IMPαs independently of phyA. The complex is guided along the actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, FHY1 has the ability to exit the nucleus via the exportin route, thus is able to repeatedly transport phyA molecules to the nucleus, balancing the nucleo‐cytoplasmic distribution. The direction of FHY1s transport appears to depend on its phosphorylation state in different compartments. Phosphorylated serins close to the NLS prevent FHY1 binding to IMPα. The work presented here elucidates key steps of the mechanism by which photoactivated phyA translocates to the nucleus.
The cotton XLIM protein (GhXLIM6) is required for fiber development via maintaining dynamic F‐actin cytoskeleton and modulating cellulose biosynthesis
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Na‐Na , Wang Yao , Liu Dong , Gao Ya , Li Lan , Li Xue‐Bao 
Published: September 2018

Summary
LIM domain proteins are cysteine‐rich proteins, and are often considered as actin bundlers and transcription factors in plants. However, the roles of XLIM proteins in plants (especially in cotton) remain unexplored in detail so far. In this study, we identified a cotton XLIM protein (GhXLIM6) that is preferentially expressed in cotton fiber during whole elongation stage and early secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis stage. The GhXLIM6‐silenced transgenic cotton produces shorter fibers with thinner cell walls, compared with wild‐type (WT). GhXLIM6 protein could directly bind F‐actin and promote actin polymerization both in vitro and in vivo. It also acts as a transcription factor to suppress GhKNL1 expression through binding the PAL‐box element of GhKNL1 promoter, and subsequently regulate the expression of CesA genes related to cellulose biosynthesis and deposition in SCWs of cotton fibers. The cellulose content in fibers of GhXLIM6RNAi cotton is lower than that in WT. Taken together, these data reveal the dual roles of GhXLIM6 in fiber development. On one hand, GhXLIM6 functions in fiber elongation through binding to F‐actin to maintain the dynamic F‐actin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, GhXLIM6 fine‐tunes fiber SCW formation, probably through directly suppressing transcription of GhKNL1 to promote cellulose biosynthesis.
Discovery of multi‐megabase polymorphic inversions by chromosome conformation capture sequencing in large‐genome plant species
Authors: Himmelbach Axel , Ruban Alevtina , Walde Ines , Šimková Hana , Doležel Jaroslav , Hastie Alex , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryChromosomal inversions occur in natural populations of many species, and may underlie reproductive isolation and local adaptation. Traditional methods of inversion discovery are labor‐intensive and lack sensitivity. Here, we report the use of three‐dimensional contact probabilities between genomic loci as assayed by chromosome‐conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C) to detect multi‐megabase polymorphic inversions in four barley genotypes. Inversions are validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Bionano optical mapping. We propose Hi‐C as a generally applicable method for inversion discovery in natural populations.
Does the razor's edge exist? New evidence of the law of one price in China (1997–2012)
Authors: Li Jianan , Li Zhiyuan , Sun Puyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper revisits the market integration in China under the gradual economic reform, using a novel data set of monthly prices for 267 goods across 173 cities from 1997 to 2012 with price regulations dramatically removed. We provide new evidence to show that the Law of One price (LOP) holds in the context of China which is experiencing substantial trade liberalisation. First, by accounting for heterogeneity and cross‐sectional dependence, our results show that prices converge to the LOP for most goods, and industrial materials converge faster than non‐perishable goods. Second, in comparison with the earlier analysis with static evidence, our results with the moving window show that convergence is escalating. Third, we find that the price dispersion across products at the city level is increasing with distance, but it is decreasing with openness and economic development. Our findings show China’s market integration is going well under its ongoing market‐oriented reforms, and cast doubt on the proposition that incremental reform in China has led to the fragmentation of the domestic market.
Role of feasibility and pilot studies in randomised controlled trials: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Blatch-Jones Amanda Jane , Pek Wei , Kirkpatrick Emma , Ashton-Key Martin 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the value of pilot and feasibility studies to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme. To explore the methodological components of pilot/feasibility studies and how they inform full RCTs.Study designCross-sectional study.SettingBoth groups included NIHR HTA programme funded studies in the period 1 January 2010–31 December 2014 (decision date). Group 1: stand-alone pilot/feasibility studies published in the HTA Journal or accepted for publication. Group 2: all funded RCT applications funded by the HTA programme, including reference to an internal and/or external pilot/feasibility study. The methodological components were assessed using an adapted framework from a previous study.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of stand-alone pilot and feasibility studies which recommended proceeding to full trial and what study elements were assessed. The proportion of ‘HTA funded’ trials which used internal and external pilot and feasibility studies to inform the design of the trial.ResultsGroup 1 identified 15 stand-alone pilot/feasibility studies. Study elements most commonly assessed weretesting recruitment(100% in both groups),feasibility(83%, 100%) andsuggestions for further study/investigation(83%, 100%). Group 2 identified 161 ‘HTA funded’ applications: 59 cited an external pilot/feasibility study wheretesting recruitment(50%, 73%) andfeasibility(42%, 73%) were the most commonly reported study elements: 92 reported an internal pilot/feasibility study wheretesting recruitment(93%, 100%) andfeasibility(44%, 92%) were the most common study elements reported.Conclusions‘HTA funded’ research which includes pilot and feasibility studies assesses a variety of study elements. Pilot and feasibility studies serve an important role when determining the most appropriate trial design. However, how they are reported and in what context requires caution when interpreting the findings and delivering a definitive trial.
Cross-sectional associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on depression in Japanese older adults: an isotemporal substitution approach
Authors: Yasunaga Akitomo , Shibata Ai , Ishii Kaori , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Oka Koichiro 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesReducing sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) have been shown to be associated with decreased depression. However, there are yet few studies examining the potential benefits on older adults’ depression, when SB is replaced with PA. This study aimed to examine the associations of objectively assessed SB, light-intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression among a sample of Japanese older adults, and to explore impacts of substituting SB with PA on older adults’ depression.DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsA total of 276 older adults aged 65–85 years living in Japan.Main outcome measuresThree behaviours including the average daily time spent in SB (≤1.5 METs); LPA (>1.5 to <3.0 METs) and MVPA (≥3.0 METs) per day were calculated by accelerometers. Depression was assessed using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).ResultsLess SB (β=0.129, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.243) and more LPA (β=−0.138, 95% CI −0.265 to −0.011) were found to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score in the single-activity model. The isotemporal substitution model found that replacing only 30 min per day of SB with the same amount of LPA to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score (β=−0.131, 95% CI −0.260 to −0.002).ConclusionsThese findings indicated that substituting even small amounts of SB with LPA may contribute to less depression in older adults. Potential favourable effects can be observed for replacing only 30 min per day of SB with LPA.
Inter-hospital transfer and patient outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mueller Stephanie , Zheng Jie , Orav Endel John , Schnipper Jeffrey L 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundInter-hospital transfer (IHT, the transfer of patients between hospitals) occurs regularly and exposes patients to risks of discontinuity of care, though outcomes of transferred patients remains largely understudied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between IHT and healthcare utilisation and clinical outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingCMS 2013 100 % Master Beneficiary Summary and Inpatient claims files merged with 2013 American Hospital Association data.ParticipantsBeneficiaries≥age 65 enrolled in Medicare A and B, with an acute care hospitalisation claim in 2013 and 1 of 15 top disease categories.Main outcome measuresCost of hospitalisation, length of stay (LOS) (of entire hospitalisation), discharge home, 3 -day and 30- day mortality, in transferred vs non-transferred patients.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 53 420 transferred patients and 53 420 propensity-score matched non-transferred patients. Across all 15 disease categories, IHT was associated with significantly higher costs, longer LOS and lower odds of discharge home. Additionally, IHT was associated with lower propensity-matched odds of 3-day and/or 30- day mortality for some disease categories (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, sepsis, respiratory disease) and higher propensity-matched odds of mortality for other disease categories (oesophageal/gastrointestinal disease, renal failure, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, renal failure, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, hip fracture/dislocation, urinary tract infection and metabolic disease).ConclusionsIn this nationally representative study of Medicare beneficiaries, IHT was associated with higher costs, longer LOS and lower odds of discharge home, but was differentially associated with odds of early death and 30 -day mortality depending on patients’ disease category. These findings demonstrate heterogeneity among transferred patients depending on the diagnosis, presenting a nuanced assessment of this complex care transition.
Wheat yield and soil properties reveal legacy effects of artificial erosion and amendments on a dryland Dark Brown Chernozem
Authors: Larney Francis J. , Olson Andrew F. 
Published: September 2018

Erosion leads to substantial loss of soil productivity. To abate such decline, amendments such as manure or fertilizer have been successfully employed. However, the longevities of erosion and soil amendment legacy effects are not well quantified. In 1957, a Dark Brown Chernozem soil at Lethbridge, AB, was land-levelled, creating three degrees of topsoil removal or erosion: noneroded, moderate erosion, or severe erosion. Two amendment studies (1980–1985 and 1987–1991) were superimposed on the erosion treatments. Both studies were cropped to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 1993–2010 to examine legacy effects of erosion and soil amendments on wheat yield and soil properties. Without amendment, mean wheat yield under moderate erosion was 40% of the noneroded treatment, whereas severe erosion was 34% of the noneroded treatment, 36–42 yr (1993–1999) after erosion. Under moderate or severe erosion, the restorative power of manure diminished substantially in the first 10–15 yr following cessation of addition, but then levelled off resulting in wheat yields up to 35% higher than equivalent nonamended treatments. Legacy effects of erosion (54 yr) and amendment (27–31 yr) on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were also observed.