bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased nitrogen loading controls summer cyanobacterial blooms without promoting nitrogen‐fixing taxa: Long‐term response of a shallow lake
Authors: Shatwell T. , Köhler J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of controlling nitrogen (N) to manage lake eutrophication is debated. Long‐term, whole‐lake case studies are required to determine whether diazotrophic cyanobacteria can fix sufficient N to offset a reduction of N‐inputs. We document the recovery of shallow, productive Lake Müggelsee (Germany) over 37 yr (sampling interval 1–2 weeks) during a decrease of N and phosphorus (P) loading of 79% and 69%, respectively. Nitrogen concentrations in the lake responded immediately to loading reduction whereas P concentrations remained elevated for about 20 yr. Total nitrogen (TN) in the lake was always lower than TN in the inflow. Accordingly, estimated denitrification and N‐burial rates substantially exceeded N2 fixation rates in the long term. Phosphorus was growth limiting in spring whereas N was clearly limiting in summer due to high sediment P‐release. TN : TP ratios, normalized to phytoplankton biovolume by regression, were 25.5 (weight) in spring and 3.3 in summer. During the study period, dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentrations in summer decreased and the duration of low DIN concentrations increased by ca. 100 d. The biovolume of cyanobacteria and total phytoplankton decreased by 89% and 76%, respectively. The proportion of N2‐fixing cyanobacteria during summer decreased from 36% to 14% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. The total concentration of heterocysts and estimated total N2 fixation did not change over time. In the long term, decreasing N‐inputs effectively controlled summer cyanobacteria including N2‐fixing taxa, which did not compensate for the N‐deficit. A P‐only control strategy would not have been as successful.
Shock‐ and Energy‐Absorption Capability of Cold‐Programmable Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Raidt Thomas , Santhirasegaran Panusa , Hoeher Robin , Tiller Joerg C. , Katzenberg Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, the shock‐ and energy‐absorption capability of cold‐programmable shape memory polymers is evaluated. To this end, thin safety lines are prepared from different materials (critically cross‐linked syndiotactic polypropylene, shape memory natural rubber, natural rubber, and Dyneema) and tested by falling weight experiments to determine characteristic physical quantities such as maximum impact force, maximum jerk (first derivative of the deceleration), and energy absorption capability. Critically cross‐linked syndiotactic polypropylene is the best suited of all tested materials for cushioning the impact force, vibration, and chatter, which occur when a safety line abruptly tightens after the free fall in a falling weight experiment.
Combined endoscopic and transcervical approach for free flap reconstruction of nasopharyngeal and clival defects: A case report
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Troob Scott H. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a case during which a new method of reconstruction for a nasopharyngeal and skull base defect was successfully performed. A 45‐year‐old female with granulomatosis with polyangiitis presented with computed tomography (CT) findings demonstrative of chronic clival and cervical spine osteomyelitis secondary to nasopharyngeal destruction. The posterior nasopharyngeal defect, evident as a wide area of mucosal erosion exposing the clivus centrally, was successfully reconstructed with an anterior serratus muscle‐free tissue transfer via both transcervical and endoscopic transnasal approaches utilizing a laparoscopic fixation device, a previously unreported method for free flap inset, to secure the free flap. The patient tolerated this well and no major complications were encountered. At 2‐year follow‐up, the patient was without signs of cerebrospinal fluid leak or sequelae of infectious complications, including meningitis and osteomyelitis. A combined transcervical and endoscopic transnasal approach using a laparoscopic fixation device for free flap inset can be an effective method to reconstruct posterior nasopharyngeal defects in those patients whom local reconstructive options are not available.
Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies
Authors: Ulaszewska Marynka M. , Weinert Christoph H. , Trimigno Alessia , Portmann Reto , Andres Lacueva Cristina , Badertscher René , Brennan Lorraine , Brunius Carl , Bub Achim , Capozzi Francesco , Cialiè Rosso Marta , Cordero Chiara E. , Daniel Hannelore , Durand Stéphanie , Egert Bjoern , Ferrario Paola G. , Feskens Edith J.M. , Franceschi Pietro , Garcia‐Aloy Mar , Giacomoni Franck , Giesbertz Pieter , González‐Domínguez Raúl , Hanhineva Kati , Hemeryck Lieselot Y. , Kopka Joachim , Kulling Sabine E. , Llorach Rafael , Manach Claudine , Mattivi Fulvio , Migné Carole , Münger Linda H. , Ott Beate , Picone Gianfranco , Pimentel Grégory , Pujos‐Guillot Estelle , Riccadonna Samantha , Rist Manuela J. , Rombouts Caroline , Rubert Josep , Skurk Thomas , Sri Harsha Pedapati S. C. , Van Meulebroek Lieven , Vanhaecke Lynn , Vázquez‐Fresno Rosa , Wishart David , Vergères Guy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe life sciences are currently being transformed by an unprecedented wave of developments in molecular analysis, which include important advances in instrumental analysis as well as biocomputing. In light of the central role played by metabolism in nutrition, metabolomics is rapidly being established as a key analytical tool in human nutritional studies. Consequently, an increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study designs. Within this dynamic landscape, the potential of nutritional metabolomics (nutrimetabolomics) to be translated into a science, which can impact on health policies, still needs to be realized.A key element to reach this goal is the ability of the research community to join, to collectively make the best use of the potential offered by nutritional metabolomics. This article, therefore, provides a methodological description of nutritional metabolomics that reflects on the state‐of‐the‐art techniques used in the laboratories of the Food Biomarker Alliance (funded by the European Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL)) as well as points of reflections to harmonize this field. It is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to present a pragmatic guidance on metabolomic methodologies, providing readers with useful “tips and tricks” along the analytical workflow.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Receiving the Combination of Vancomycin with Piperacillin‐Tazobactam or Meropenem
Authors: Robertson Amy D. , Li Chenghui , Hammond Drayton A. , Dickey Tiffany A. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionVancomycin (VAN) is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Evidence is conflicting regarding the risk of AKI when VAN is combined with an antipseudomonal β‐lactam.ObjectivesTo determine the comparative incidence of AKI when VAN is combined with piperacillin‐tazobactam (PTZ) or meropenem (MER).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of acutely ill adults receiving the combination of VAN and PTZ or MER for at least 48 hours between November 1, 2014, and October 31, 2016, in a tertiary care hospital. Critically ill patients and those with baseline renal dysfunction were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI during or within 72 hours of completing antibiotic therapy, defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine (Scr) of 0.5 mg/dl or higher or a 50% or more increase in Scr from baseline. Secondary outcomes included time to AKI development, duration of AKI, and length of hospitalization. Continuous variables were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum or the Student t test; categorical variables were assessed using χ2 or Fisher exact tests. Independent risk factors for the development of AKI were also examined.ResultsA total of 169 patients were evaluated. A significantly higher incidence of AKI was observed in the PTZ group compared with MER (16.5% vs 3.6%; p=0.009). The median time to AKI onset was significantly shorter with PTZ compared with MER (3 vs 7 days; p=0.009). After adjusting for baseline differences, VAN/PTZ was associated with a 6.8‐fold increased risk of developing AKI (odds ratio [OR] 6.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–30.9) compared with VAN/MER. VAN doses higher than 4 g/day and trough levels higher than 20 μg/ml were independent risk factors for developing AKI (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.04–72.94, and OR 9.01, 95% CI 1.44–56.21, respectively).ConclusionThe combination of VAN/PTZ increases the risk of AKI when compared with VAN/MER in acutely ill adults.
Cathodoluminescence analysis of nonmetallic inclusions of nitrides in steel
Authors: Imashuku Susumu , Wagatsuma Kazuaki 
Published: September 2018

Identification of nitride inclusions such as boron nitride (BN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) is important in the steelmaking industry because BN inclusions deteriorate the creep strength of ferritic heat‐resistant steel, and AlN inclusions cause transverse cracking in twin‐induced‐plasticity steel. The conventional method employed for the analysis of such inclusions in steel comprises both optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), which is the time‐consuming. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis (both images and spectra) to the rapid identification of BN and AlN inclusions. Measurement samples were prepared by heating mixtures of 99 mass% Fe and 1 mass% B or Al powders at 1550°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. BN inclusions larger than 5 μm and AlN inclusions 20 μm in size were identified within 1 second on the basis of their luminescence color (blue‐violet for BN and blue for AlN) in the CL images. We demonstrated that BN, AlN, and alumina inclusions could be identified from their CL spectra without the conventional method of EPMA. Capturing a CL image can provide a means of rapidly identifying BN and AlN inclusions in steel. We also carried out CL analysis on a sample containing TiN inclusions which can trigger cleavage fracture in low‐carbon steels. No luminescence was detected in the CL image, and there were no CL spectral peaks, indicating that it is difficult to apply CL analysis to the identification of TiN inclusions.
A Protocol to Characterize pH Sensing Materials and Systems
Authors: Ghoneim Mohamed T. , Sadraei Atieh , de Souza Pedro , Moore Grace C. , Bazant Martin Z. , Dagdeviren Canan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough significant progress is made in identifying pH sensing materials and device configurations, a standard protocol for benchmarking performance of next‐generation pH devices is still lacking. In particular, key properties of characterization systems, such as inherent component contributions, time plots for extended‐gate field‐effect transistor (EGFET) measurements, and the input resistance (Rin), often go unreported in studies of pH sensing systems. These properties strongly influence the characterization system and can lead to mistaken attribution of properties to the device. In this paper, a series of essential characterization tests and parameters are reported to evaluate pH systems, such as the zinc oxide EGFET, in a standardized protocol. This EGFET ZnO sensor has a sensitivity of −58.1 mV pH−1, drift range from 2.5 to 14.2 µA h−1, and response time of 136 s. By using a ZnO sensing electrode, it is demonstrated that i) intrinsic contributions of reference electrode and commercial transistor (for EGFET) are not negligible; ii) time plots for EGFET configuration and defining a critical point at the onset of drift are essential for accurate sensitivity, response time, and drift reporting; and iii) the results of the pH sensing system are strongly dependent on the input resistance of the used characterization instruments.
Validation of the polish version of the posttraumatic cognitions inventory
Authors: Kucharska Justyna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper presents the Polish version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory developed by Foa and colleagues Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 303–314 (Foa et al., 1999). The scale measures three types of cognitions that are typically associated with traumatic experiences: negative cognitions about the self, negative cognitions about the world, and self-blame. The scale was translated to Polish using a forward – backward translation method; it was administered to a group of adult Polish women from the general population. A total of 337 individuals participated in the project. Traumatic experiences of sexual and non-sexual type were assessed and separate analyses were conducted for cognitions related to trauma of non-sexual and sexual nature. Moreover, the cumulative trauma and the severity of symptoms of the posttraumatic stress disorder were measured. Reliability of all scales was proven to be very good, with Cronbach-α for all scales above.80. There was a positive correlation between all three types of posttraumatic cognitions and (1) severity of the PTSD symptoms, (2) number of different traumatic events. The results of the current study provided partial support for the three factor structure of the tool: three factors emerged in exploratory factor analyses, but the correlations between the subscales were very high. Also, confirmatory factor analyses did not support the original solution. Overall, the Polish version of the PTCI has good psychometric properties and can be used in research, considerable evidence to support the three factor solution was also found.
Impact of a Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP®) on growth in infants with CHD
Authors: Gongwer Russell C. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Huh Susanna Y. , Sztam Kevin A. , Jenkins Kathy J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundGrowth failure is prevalent among infants with CHD. A Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan was introduced at Boston Children’s Hospital’s cardiac medical ward to identify patients with growth failure, evaluate relevant contributing conditions, and recommend a management plan including collaboration with nutrition physicians.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether enrolled patients had improved growth compared with historical controls.MethodsA total of 29 patients were enrolled in the period July, 2013–June, 2014. In all, 42 historical controls who met eligibility criteria for enrolment were selected for comparison from patients admitted to the same ward in the period June, 2010–June, 2011. Patients with CHD aged <1 year , with growth failure defined as weight-for-age z-score <−2, or failure to sustain adequate weight gain were eligible for participation. Primary outcome was change in weight-for-age z-score from enrolment to most recent weight measurement among patients with at least 6 months of follow-up.ResultsControl patients were older at baseline admission weight (118 versus 95 days, p=0.33), and had a higher weight-for-age z-score, −2.9 (−3.1, −2.6) versus −3.7 (−4.3, −3.0) (p=0.02), compared with enrolled patients. Enrolled patients had greater gain in weight-for-age z-score, 2.7 (2.0, 3.4) versus 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) (p=0.03), from baseline to most recent follow-up.ConclusionPatients enrolled in a nutrition-focused protocol had greater weight improvement than historical controls. Identification of growth failure and collaboration with a nutrition support team was associated with improved weight gain among CHD patients experiencing growth failure. CHD programmes should consider a structural approach, including nutrition expertise to address growth failure.
A modified choice experiment to examine willingness to participate in a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program among low-income parents
Authors: McGuirt Jared T. , Jilcott Pitts Stephanie B. , Hanson Karla L. , DeMarco Molly , Seguin Rebecca A. , Kolodinsky Jane , Becot Florence , Ammerman Alice S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is a need to improve geographical and financial access to healthy foods for limited resource populations in rural areas. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs can improve access to healthy foods in rural and limited-resource populations. However, research is needed to discern the most appealing conditions for a CSA (e.g. price, frequency, food quantity) among rural, low-income customers. The goal of this study was to understand low-income consumers' preferences related to participation in a CSA program, considering price, frequency, food quantity and accessibility (e.g. distance) conditions. A modified exploratory choice experiment exercise was embedded within in-depth interviews to examine willingness to participate in CSA under a variety of conditions among 42 low-income adults with at least one child in the household in North Carolina, New York, Vermont and Washington. Willingness to participate in a CSA under each condition was summed and compared across conditions. Results were stratified by race, number of children and household members and McNemar's test and Student's t-test were used to examine differences in willingness between conditions. Salient quotes were extracted to support themes related to each condition. Our analysis suggests that the ideal CSA would be a full-sized share of eight to nine items of mixed variety, distributed every other week, priced at less than US$15, no more than 10 min further than the supermarket (SM) from their home and preferably less expensive but no more than 20% more expensive than SM prices. CSAs interested in reaching rural low-income populations may benefit from considering these consumer-level preferences.
Open to Diversity
Authors: Sparkman David J. , Eidelman Scott , Dueweke Aubrey R. , Marin Mikenna S. , Dominguez Belkis 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The present research examines the influence of personality on ideologies about diversity in society. In two studies ( N = 668), we test whether Openness to Experience predicts beliefs in multiculturalism and colorblindness, and whether these relationships are mediated by perspective-taking tendencies. In Study 1, Openness positively predicted multiculturalism but negatively predicted colorblindness through ethnic perspective taking – findings that were independent of empathy, age, gender, and race/ethnicity. In Study 2, we attempted to replicate and extend our findings by using different measures of multiculturalism and colorblindness and a more general, interpersonal operationalization of perspective taking. Results indicate Openness positively predicted both multiculturalism and colorblindness through interpersonal perspective taking (also independent of age, gender, and race/ethnicity), suggesting the pattern of findings varied as a function of perspective-taking type. Implications for the complexity of the Openness dimension and future research directions are discussed.
Generation of GOES‐16 True Color Imagery without a Green Band
Authors: Bah M. K. , Gunshor M. M. , Schmit T. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA number of approaches have been developed to generate true color images from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐16. GOES‐16 is the first of a series of four spacecraft with the ABI onboard. These approaches are complicated since the ABI does not have a green (0.55 μm) spectral band. Despite this limitation, representative true color images can be built. A methodology for generating color images from the ABI is discussed, along with corresponding examples from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera on Deep Space Climate Observatory.
Convection Electric Field and Plasma Convection in a Twisted Magnetotail: A THEMIS Case Study 1–2 January 2009
Authors: Pitkänen T. , Kullen A. , Shi Q. Q. , Hamrin M. , De Spiegeleer A. , Nishimura Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate THEMIS satellite measurements made in a tail‐aligned constellation during a time interval on 1–2 January 2009, which has previously been attributed to an interval of an interplanetary magnetic field By‐driven magnetotail twisting. We find evidence for that the orientation of the convection electric field in the tail is twist‐mode dependent. For earthward flow and a negative twist (induced tail By< 0), the electric field is found to have northward Ez and tailward Ex components. During a positive twist (induced tail By> 0), the directions of Ez and Ex are reversed. The Ey component shows the expected dawn‐to‐dusk direction for earthward flow. The electric field components preserve their orientation across the neutral sheet, and a quasi‐collinear field is observed irrespective to the tail distance. The electric field associated with the tailward flow has an opposite direction compared to the earthward flow for the negative twist. For the positive twist, the results are less clear. The corresponding plasma convection and thus the magnetic flux transport have an opposite dawn‐dusk direction above and below the neutral sheet. The directions depend on the tail twist mode. The hemispherically asymmetric earthward plasma flows are suggested to be a manifestation of an asymmetric Dungey cycle in a twisted magnetotail. The role of tailward flows deserve further investigation.
Retrieval of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Density Based on Merging Particle Size Distribution Measurements: Multi‐instrument Observation and Quality Control at Shouxian
Authors: Li Zhengqiang , Wei Yuanyuan , Zhang Ying , Xie Yisong , Li Lei , Li Kaitao , Ma Yan , Sun Xiaobing , Zhao Weixiong , Gu Xuejun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDensity of fine mode particles is an important physical parameter. However, its measurement and validation in the actual atmosphere are still difficult. In this study, the measurements at Shouxian, Anhui province, China (32.56°N, 116.78°E, elevation 22.7 m) in winter, are used for density retrieval and quality control. The effective density and number size distribution of fine mode aerosol can be obtained in real time, by using the scanning mobility particle sizer and aerodynamic particle sizer. During the experiment, the average density is about 1.66 ± 0.15 g/cm3 with the uncertainty of 0.19 g/cm3 calculated from the residuals in the overlap region of scanning mobility and aerodynamic particle sizers. A multi‐instrument measurement and quality control scheme is proposed to identify large measurement uncertainties. The extinction and scattering coefficients calculated from the merged fine particle number size distributions by Mie theory are comparable with the measurements from cavity‐enhanced albedometer. The differences between the calculated and observed scattering and extinction coefficients are less than 2%. Meanwhile, the deduced aerosol complex refractive index n and k are obtained by minimizing the sum of squared residuals of extinction and scattering coefficients and comparable with the values retrieved from the Sun‐sky radiometer CE318 measurements. The correlation coefficient on n is 0.72. However, the correlation on k is not optimized, explained by the influence of anthropogenic aerosol particles with strong absorption near ground and the poor accuracy of k. Compared with independent observations, a good agreement between the optical parameters is also obtained.