bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBANYAKAN <em>IN VITRO</em> PISANG KEPOK var. UNTI SAYANG TAHAN PENYAKIT DARAH MELALUI PROLIFERASI TUNAS
Authors: Imelda Maria , Wulansari Aida , Sari Laela 
Published: November 2018

In Vitro Propagation of Kepok Banana var. Unti Sayang Resistant to Blood Disease through Shoot ProliferationABSTRACTKepok is a popular banana variety but sensitive to blood disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). The discovery of a natural mutant of Kepok banana var. Unti Sayang from Sulawesi which male bud falls naturally, is a shortcut to bypass the chains of the spread of blood disease, since the disease is transmitted by insects through the wounds of the male buds. The superior mutant needs to be mass propagated and disseminated to endemic areas to inhibit the spread of blood disease. To achieve that goal, an efficient and effective techniques of in vitro shoot proliferation needs to be developed. Shoot proliferation was performed by addition of BAP, thidiazuron and adenine sulphate. The results showed that the best medium for shoot multiplication was B2T5A (MS+2 mg/L BAP+0,5 mg/L TDZ+20 mg/L adenine sulphate), and for shoot growth was B4A (MS+4 mg/L BAP+20 mg/L adenine sulphate). Rooting was induced on MS medium without hormones. Acclimatization of plantlets on mixed soil, compost and husks with a ratio of 1:1:1 resulted in 92,35% survival rate.Keywords: blood disease, in vitro shoot, male budless, natural mutant, var. Unti Sayang ABSTRAKPisang kepok merupakan varietas yang digemari tetapi sangat peka terhadap penyakit darah yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). Ditemukannya mutan alami pisang kepok yang jantungnya gugur secara alami yaitu varietas Unti Sayang dari Sulawesi, merupakan jalan pintas untuk memotong rantai penyebaran penyakit darah, mengingat penyakit ini ditularkan oleh serangga melalui luka bekas bunga jantan pada jantung. Mutan unggul tersebut perlu diperbanyak secara massal dan disebarluaskan ke daerah endemik untuk menghambat penyebaran penyakit darah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, perlu dikembangkan teknik perbanyakan in vitro pisang kepok Unti Sayang yang efektif dan efisien melalui proliferasi tunas. Proliferasi tunas dilakukan dengan penambahan BAP, thidiazuron dan adenin sulfat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah B2T5A (MS+2 mg/L BAP+0,5 mg/L TDZ+20 mg/L adenin sulfat), media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan tunas adalah B4A (MS+4 mg/L BAP+20 mg/L adenin sulfat). Akar dapat diinduksi pada media MS tanpa hormon. Aklimatisasi planlet pada media campuran tanah, kompos dan sekam dengan perbandingan 1:1:1 menghasilkan 92,35% planlet hidup.Kata Kunci: penyakit darah, tunas in vitro, tanpa jantung, mutan alami, var. Unti Sayang
Karakterisasi Ekstrak Tapioka dan Tapioka Ionik sebagai Biokoagulan dalam Proses Pengolahan Air
Authors: Prihatinningtyas Eka , Effendi Agus Jatnika 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe ability of tapioca to act as natural coagulants (biocoagulants) was tested using artificial water. As turbidity was added as kaolin. This research aimed to determine the compounds and or groups that act as natural coagulant and to describe the mechanism of flocculation: extraction which yields tapioca extract and ion exchange which yields ionic tapioca. Coagulation process was performed at three different initial turbidities, i.e. 50 NTU (low turbidities), 150 NTU (middle turbidities) and 300 NTU (high initial turbidites). At the same condition (coagulant dose 20 ppmv, pH 5), ionic tapioca yield better turbidity removal compared tapioca extract i.e 11.2% at low initial turbidites; 2.4% at middle initial turbidities and 12.8% at high initial turbidities. FTIR analysis showed that tapioca extract and ionic tapioca contained of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups which can act as active components on coagulation process. The presence of those groups caused positive and negative charges (amphoter). Coagulation process ran efficiently at pH 5 because the isoelectric point is obtained at that condition.Keyword : bio coagulants, coagulation, coagulant agents, ionic tapioca, tapioca extract,ABSTRAK Kemampuan tepung tapioka sebagai koagulan alami (biokoagulan) telah diuji dengan menggunakan limbah artifisial dari kaolin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa atau gugus yang berperan sebagai biokoagulan dan menjelaskan mekanisme flokulasi yang terjadi. Perlakuan awal tapioca sebelum digunakan sebagai koagulan adalah ekstraksi yang menghasilkan ekstrak tapioka dan pertukaran ion yang menghasilkan tapioka ionik. Proses koagulasi dilakukan pada 3 macam kekeruhan awal yaitu 50 NTU (kekeruhan rendah), 150 NTU (kekeruhan sedang) dan 300 NTU (kekeruhan tinggi). Pada kondisi operasi yang sama (dosis 20 ppmv dan pH 5), tapioka ionik memberikan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 11,0% pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU; 2,4% pada kekeruhan awal 150 NTU dan 12,8% pada kekeruhan awal 300 NTU. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tapioka dan tapioka ionik mempunyai gugus karboksil (-OH), gugus karboksil (-COOH) dan gugus amida (-CONH2). Keberadaan ketiga gugus tersebut menyebabkan biokoagulan ini memiliki muatan positif dan negatif sekaligus (amfoter). Proses koagulasi berjalan dengan efisien pada pH 5 karena titik isoelektrik diperoleh pada pH tersebut. Kata kunci : biokoagulan, koagulasi, agen koagulan, ekstrak tapioka, tapioka ionik
PRODUTOS ALTERNATIVOS NO CONTROLE DE Colletotrichum spp. ISOLADOS DE MANGA E BANANA
Authors: De Araújo Amanda Cristina , Toledo Eliane Divina , Rosa de Oliveira Soares William 
Published: November 2018

A antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum spp. ocorre tanto na cultura da manga quanto na cultura da banana, em campo e em pós colheita. A busca pela incorporação de uma nova consciência ecológica vem trazendo conceitos de sustentabilidade para o meio agrícola. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de produtos alternativos em diferentes concentrações sobre o desenvolvimento de Colletotrichum spp. in vitro. Os isolados foram obtidos de frutos com sintomas de antracnose. A atividade antifúngica das concentrações dos tratamentos foi avaliada através da medição em centímetros do crescimento micelial do patógeno. Utilizaram-se cinco concentrações (1, 2, 4, 8, e 16%) dos tratamentos com essenciais de eucalipto, copaíba , coco, cravo-da-Índia e alecrim dos extratos de citronela canela e cravo-da-Índia , do hidrolato de cravo-da-Índia e do composto majoritário do óleo de cravo-da-Índia Eugenol em meio de cultura BDA. O ensaio foi conduzido em dois experimentos com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 10x5 e 7x5 para Colletotrichum musae e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides respectivamente em cada produto utilizado/concentração foram utilizadas quatro repetições. os tratamentos eugenol e óleo de alecrim apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto a inibição do crescimento do fungo em todas concentrações utilizadas. Destaca-se o tratamento com óleo de eucalipto e de cravo que também inibiram totalmente o crescimento de C. musae a partir da concentração 2%. Na avaliação do crescimento de C. gloeosporioides, dentre os sete tratamentos avaliados, apenas o eugenol apresentou potencial total de inibição de crescimento independente da concentração utilizada, seguido do óleo de copaíba que apresentou redução do crescimento em todas as concentrações quando comparado aos demais tratamentos.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: A QUICK LOOK IN THE ADVANCES OVER 30 YEARS
Authors: Lopes Filho Luiz Cesar , Pires Willian Marques , Ribeiro Walber Alves , Junior Murillo Lobo , Aparecida Araújo Ribeiro Mônica Francisca , De Almeida Moreira Janaina Alves 
Published: November 2018

Biological control is still quite debatable and questioned, especially by producers who still do not see it as a viable and cheap alternative to the control of various types of diseases. Its beginning in the Brazilian market was quite contradictory, mainly due to the false premise that biological control could isolatedly control several diseases. It is known today that biological control, like any other form of disease control, must be associated with another or other types of control to be successful, especially over time. Biological control has emerged as an excellent alternative to control some types of diseases, mainly associated to soil, as in the case of phytopathogenic nematodes and soil fungi. It is easily sold for its lower toxicity and similar effectiveness in certain cases to chemical control. Currently several products from reputable companies can deliver excellent results, provided that the rules of use are followed. Thus, this brief look at the advances achieved by biological control over 30 years, aims to synthesize some knowledge and reflect on the state of the art of this type of control and the directions that will probably be taken about the use of living and antagonistic organisms for the control of diseases in plant organisms.
Keywords: biological control; technologic advances; alternative control.
Percepção do estresse ocupacional de bibliotecários que atuam na Universidade Estadual do Piauí (Uespi)
Authors: Andrade Lucas Veras de , Santos Joimara Lima 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo aborda uma pesquisa que se debruça sobre a temática do estresse ocupacional, colocando-o em pauta na atividade bibliotecária da Universidade Estadual do Piauí (Uespi). Apresenta um breve histórico do surgimento do estresse e sua conceituação de maneira geral e, especificamente, a do ocupacional. Nosso estudo tem caráter qualitativo, contemplando levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo. A coleta de dados se deu juntamente a cinco bibliotecários, cujas atribuições estão sendo desenvolvidas em três campi da Uespi, no município de Teresina (PI), tendo sido aplicado um questionário com questões abertas, que foi analisado em seguida a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. É demonstrado pela maioria de nossos interlocutores que a profissão não é percebida como estressante. É evidenciado ainda que, no caso dos profissionais bibliotecários analisados, os estressores estão envoltos por dois aspectos: o primeiro se refere ao fato de conciliar as atividades exigidas pelo cotidiano do trabalho, e o segundo diz respeito ao nível de satisfação dos indivíduos.
Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Bovine Fasciolosis in Gurage Zone, Abeshege District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: DİİLBATO Tegegn , BEKELE Jemere 
Published: November 2018

A cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the prevalence and assessing the potential risk factors of bovine fasciolosis was carried out from November, 2011 to April, 2012 in Abeshege district of Gurage Zone. A total of 288 faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of cattle and examination using sedimentation technique was performed. Overall 142 (49.3%) cattle were found positive for faecal fluke egg detections. No significant variation was observed with feeding system, body condition, breed, sex, age, peasant association (PA) and herd size considered as potential risk factors (P&gt;0.05). However, water source was the only factor found to be significantly associated (P&lt;0.05) with occurrence of infections where cattle drinking water form rivers had 54.55% higher than those cattle getting water from other sources. The present study suggests that Fasciola infections in cattle is high and represent one of the constraints to livestock development in the study area. Hence, good management practice including provision of properly dried hay for those zero grazing cattle, an alternative use of lands of pasture, fluke elimination by regular treatment, and further detailed study could provide valuable information that foster local planning and implementation of a more sustainable fasciolosis control strategy for the district.
Auxetic aluminum sheets in lightweight structures
Authors: Ripplinger Wolfgang , Schwarz Michael , Diebels Stefan , Herrmann Hans-Georg 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the auxetic deformation behavior of periodically perforated aluminum sheets and their application for lightweight design. If commercially available metal sheets are provided with perforations, this can significantly change the mechanical properties of the sheets. For example, with certain perforation patterns, it is possible to achieve a negative Poisson's ratio in the sheet plane. Such material behavior is called auxetic. Macroscopic auxetic behavior can be explained by mechanisms that are based on the geometry of the perforation. Sheets are made of an isotropic aluminum alloy, provided with periodic perforation patterns and are mechanically characterized in tensile tests. The investigations focus on an exemplarily pattern with rectangular perforations leading to the auxetic behavior of the sheet. By means of passive thermography, highly stressed areas of the samples can be identified in situ and nondestructively during tests. The experimental results are verified in numerical simulations. The insights gained will help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the mechanical behavior of auxetically perforated sheet metal. Based on this, concepts for possible applications of auxetically perforated sheets in lightweight design can be developed for the future.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of glass carbon hybrid composites
Authors: Moorthy Purushothaman Santhana , Bhaskar Govindasamy Bhavani , Raja Natarjan , Ramnath Vijaya , Gowri Sankaranarayanan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In recent years, automobile, naval and aircraft structures are manufactured using composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc., because of their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, strength to weight ratio and applicability in saline environments. In this study, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GCFRP) laminated composites were manufactured by means of the hand layup process. Subsequently, a hole was drilled into each specimen of the above composites by means of conventional drilling and fine blanking and finally, the specimens were prepared as per ASTM standards D256, D790, D3039 and D 5868. A detailed study of the mechanical properties and micro-structure analysis of the above specimens and lap jointed specimen was carried out. It turned out that the tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength of glass carbon hybrid fiber reinforced plastic composite was significantly higher as compared to the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite due to lower fiber breakage and fiber pull out in the fine blanking of the GCFRP.
Effect of thickness on the fracture toughness of high strength steel for gas well casings
Authors: Zhou Zhaoming , Guo Xishui , Lin Tiejun , Mao Desen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The fracture toughness (KIC) of high strength casing steel (1130 MPa) has been determined by a three-point-bend specimen. Three specimens with thicknesses of 5 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm, respectively have been used to observe the effect of thickness on the fracture toughness of steel. The analytical formula of the relationship between the fracture toughness and material thickness of high strength casing (1130 MPa) is proposed based on the energy theory and on linear elastic mechanics. The values of fracture toughness, K, measured by three thicknesses of parent metals are combined with the quantitative model of the relationship between fracture toughness and specimen thickness. The material constant (and κ) are calculated by using the least squares method. Furthermore, an analytic formula for the relationship between fracture toughness and specimen thickness is proposed which allows for the calculation of the KIC value. Plane-strain fracture toughness (KIC = 133.94 MPa × m1/2) is a fixed value only if the thickness of the specimen exceeds 43 mm. Fracture toughness values of different thicknesses of high strength casing are derived by fracture toughness tests of several thicknesses based on the model in question in order to save manpower and material resources. This method is also significant for measuring the fracture toughness of other OCTG, since their thicknesses do not meet the requirement of the standard test methods. For the present, it provides general methods and reference rules for obtaining the KIC of other metallic OCTG.
Effect of laser welding speed on the weld quality of a 5A06 aluminum alloy
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Lin Jian , Ju Jiang , Lei Yongping , Fu Hanguang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Laser butt welding was carried out for the joining of 5A06 aluminum alloy sheet by using 6 KW fiber laser. The effect of welding speed on the surface morphology, microstructure, micro-hardness, tensile strength and porosity were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), a Vickers hardness tester and a universal mechanical tensile test. The results show that the weld macro morphology tends to be smooth and the surface defects are reduced with an increase in welding speed. The heat-affected zone was very small due to the large cooling rate. The columnar dendrites grow from the fusion line along the direction of the temperature gradient. The microstructure of the weld zone was in the form of equiaxed grains. The micro-hardness of the weld was lower than that of the base material. The micro-hardness and the tensile strength were gradually increased with an increase in welding speed. When the welding speed is 12 mm × s−1, the micro-hardness and the tensile strength were increased to 96.5 % and 56.2 % of the base mental, respectively. The porosity ratio decreased at first, and then increased with the increase in welding speed. The lowest porosity ratio was 1.99 % when the welding speed was 12 mm × s−1. In summary, the quality of the weld was better when the welding speed was 12 mm × s−1.
Impression creep behavior of extruded ZK60 and ZK60+1 %Y magnesium alloys
Authors: Liao Huimin , Lan Tianchi , Li Changqing , Zeng Ming , Chen Hong , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The creep behavior of the extruded Mg alloys ZK60 and ZK60+1 %Y was investigated by means of the impression creep technique. The tests were carried out at a temperature in the range of 175–225 °C and under punching stress in the range of 25–100 MPa. The results showed that a 1 wt.-% yttrium addition could improve the creep resistance of ZK60. The creep mechanism of the extruded Mg alloy ZK60 consists of grain boundary diffusion by grain boundary sliding and that of the extruded Mg alloy ZK60+1 %Y grain boundary slip initiated by Mg. The microstructure of the extruded Mg alloy ZK60 consists mainly of the Mg phase and that of the Mg alloy ZK60+1 %Y in the extruded condition is composed of an α-Mg matrix and β-Mg3Zn3Y2 phase. After the press-in creep, the extruded Mg alloy ZK60 precipitates MgZn2 and MgZn phases and a small amount of the Zr-Zn phase, and the extruded Mg alloy ZK60+1 %Y precipitates MgZn2, MgZn, Y-Zn and the rare earth phase Mg-Y. The precipitation of the rare earth phase is represented by a discontinuous thin strip and a fine granular uniform distribution in the matrix. The precipitation of the rare earth compound phase shows high thermal stability, which can improve the creep resistance of the alloy. The Y-containing alloy ZK60 manifests higher threshold stress and better creep resistance due to the formation of the rare earth thermally stable particle.
Bending deformation and indentation hardness of electrochemically deposited nanocrystalline nickel-iron alloys
Authors: Hoffmann Joachim E. , Schmitt Martin-T. , Eifler Dietmar , Beck Tilmann , Klär Patrick , Saumer Monika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nanocrystalline nickel-iron microstructures, manufactured by means of an electrochemical deposition process via electrolyte solutions, were investigated to collect relevant information for the use of nickel-iron for micro-components. By varying the current density, nickel-iron coatings can be set to show specific grain sizes, iron content, lattice strains and textures. Uniform microstructures exist in each of the deposited nickel-iron coatings. The grain sizes determined using x-ray analysis (XRD) cover a range of 6 to 17 nm. XRD texture analyses parallel to the deposition plane resulted in {111} and {200} orientations. To characterize the material's mechanical properties indentation hardness measurements and micro-bending tests were performed. For a 0.01 %-offset bending yield strength (Rp0.01*), grain sizes of 6 to 17 nm clearly demonstrate Hall-Petch behavior. In addition, the investigations show lower work hardening and lower values for remaining edge strain at fracture for decreasing grain size. In contrast to Rp0.01*, the Young's modulus, indentation modulus, indentation hardness values and the bending strength, within their scatter bands, all remain largely unaffected by the different microstructures. Overall, all measured strength and hardness values of the considered nanocrystalline microstructures are very high in comparison to microcrystalline microstructures.
Üç Farklı Radyoterapi Tekniği Kullanılarak Elde Edilmiş Akciğer Kanseri Tedavi Planlarının Retrospektif Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: BOLAT Duygu , AYDIN Oğuz , GÖZCÜ TUNÇ Sema , KIRAY Zenciye , SARIHAN Süreyya 
Published: November 2018

Akciğer kanserinin radyoterapi (RT) ile
tedavisinde; üç boyutlu konformal radyoterapi (3BKRT), yoğunluk ayarlı radyoterapi
(YART) ve volümetrik ark terapi (VMAT) teknikleri kullanılarak hedef volüm ile
kritik organ dozlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Bu
çalışma için; küratif RT ile tedavi edilen 50 küçük hücreli dışı akciğer
kanseri (KHDAK) tanılı hasta seçilerek, 3BKRT, YART ve VMAT tedavi planları
oluşturuldu. Homojenite indeksi, konformite indeksi, planlama tümör volümü (PTV)
ve kritik organların aldığı doz değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Tedavi
planları arasında PTV’nin Dmean (p= 0,080) değeri açısından anlamlı fark görülmedi; ancak D98%
(p= 0,001)
değeri VMAT tekniğinde üstün bulundu. Tüm akciğerin 5 Gy alan (V5) % değeri için (p= 0,001) VMAT
tekniğinin diğer tekniklere göre daha üstün olduğu görüldü.

Sonuç
olarak; her üç RT tekniğinde hedef volümün istenen dozu aldığı ancak; özellikle
radyasyon pnömonisi gibi yan etkilerin azaltılması açısından VMAT tekniğinin
daha üstün olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında akciğer
kanserli hastaların RT’sinde güncel tedavi yaklaşımının VMAT tekniği olduğunu
söyleyebiliriz.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF WEIGHT VARIATION AND PATTERNING ON STRENGTH OF NONWOVEN PRODUCTS
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Züleyha , ÇORUH Ebru 
Published: November 2018

In this study, the strengths of wet
wipes, which are very popular in nonwoven products, have been studied. In the
first part of the study, the machine and cross direction strengths of the
standard and recycled products of the same unit weight during regular and
faulty production were tested in dry and wet conditions. In the second part of the study, the strengths
of the standard and patterned products in the machine direction and crosswise
direction of the same unit weight were tested in dry and wet state. Study’s mathmatical
and statistical results show that in terms of sustainability, it has been
concluded that the use of recycle products can be produced in viscose /
polyester with patterned form as disposable wet wipes by increasing the unit
weight.