bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multispectral imaging of hand eczema
Authors: Hald Marianne , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Røpke Mads A. , Carstensen Jens M. , Schultz Nette , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is a disease with large variation in clinical presentation and severity. Scoring systems for quantitative severity assessment exist. However, they are observer‐dependent. An objective quantitative tool for scoring of hand eczema would improve categorization of hand eczema.ObjectiveTo investigate the usefulness of multispectral imaging in assessing severity of hand eczema with respect to extent and the different morphological features.MethodsPatients with hand eczema (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 28) were included. The severity of hand eczema was assessed by a dermatologist using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) and a global assessment (Physician Global Assessment [PGA]). Multispectral imaging of the hand was performed on all patients and controls using the VideometerLab Instrument.ResultsAreas of the morphological elements identified by multispectral imaging were statistically significantly correlated with the PGA scores. Analyzed by Cohen's kappa, a moderate agreement between imaging‐based severity assessment and PGA was found. The imaging‐based severity assessment was also correlated with HECSI (Spearman rho 0.683, P < .001). Still, the imaging‐based algorithm was not capable of differentiating hand eczema patients from controls.ConclusionsMultispectral imaging allows quantitative measurements of different skin parameters to be performed. In its present form, multispectral imaging cannot replace the clinical assessment of a dermatologist. However, after refinement, this or similar technologies could prove useful.
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion is dependent on right ventricular volume in addition to function
Authors: Zhao Hang , Kang Yu , Pickle Jacob , Wang Jing , Han Yuchi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is an effective parameter for assessing right ventricular (RV) function in echocardiographic studies. The preload dependency of TASPE has not been explored.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 380 cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) exams. RV ejection fraction (EF) and end‐diastolic volume (EDV) were measured from short‐axis cine images. TAPSE was measured as the difference of the perpendicular distance of the tricuspid annulus to the RV apex during diastole and systole. RV dysfunction was defined as RVEF <47%. The relationship of TAPSE, RVEF, and indexed RVEDV (RVEDVi) were evaluated. The TAPSE cut‐off values derived from CMR were tested in a validation group (n = 46) with an echocardiographic exam performed within 1 month of the CMR.ResultsTAPSE had a good linear correlation with RVEF (r = .69, P < .001). In normal RVEF patients, TAPSE had a positive correlation with RVEDVi (r = .208, P = .014). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a higher TAPSE cut‐off value of 2.4 cm in the top normal to mildly dilated RV volume group for identifying RV dysfunction with lower predictive accuracy (sensitivity 80%, specificity 67%, area under the curve = 0.78, P < .001) as compared with 2.0 cm for the normal RV size or moderate to severely dilated RV groups. The higher TAPSE cutoff showed improved sensitivity (73% vs 43%) and Youden index (0.55 vs 0.43) in our validation cohort.ConclusionsTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion not only correlates with RVEF, but also is dependent on RV volume. The cut‐off value and predictive accuracy of TAPSE for detecting RV dysfunction vary with different RV volumes.
Impact of nanosized additives on the fatigue damage behaviour of asphalt mixtures
Authors: Santagata Ezio , Baglieri Orazio , Miglietta Fabrizio , Tsantilis Lucia , Riviera Pier Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study presented in this paper aimed at evaluating the impact of different nanosized additives, including an organophilic nanoclay and multiwall carbon nanotubes, on the fatigue properties of dense‐graded asphalt mixtures. Cyclic direct tension fatigue tests were carried out, and the corresponding results were interpreted by means of a simplified version of the visco‐elastic continuum damage model. The experimental investigation also included linear viscoelastic characterization of the considered materials. Results derived from tests carried out on the mixtures containing nanosized additives were compared with those obtained for a reference standard mixture. It was found that the use of the abovementioned additives can give a substantial contribution to the enhancement of the fatigue damage resistance of asphalt mixtures. Moreover, when comparing the two types of additives, it was observed that organophilic nanoclays can outperform multiwall carbon nanotubes.
The effects of prompts on L2 writing performance and engagement
Authors: Cho Minyoung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated how task complexity influences second language (L2) writing. Specifically, it focused on the possibility that prompts can create different demands at different stages of L2 writing production and on ways that prompts may affect learners’ engagement in the revision of their writing. Fifty‐one English as a foreign/second language participants, divided into two groups, wrote a narrative essay. One group was asked to write about a past success (the recalling prompt, high in formulation demand). The other group was asked to write about an imagined future success (the imagining prompt, high in conceptualization demand). Both groups wrote a draft and had unlimited revision opportunities. Writing performance was evaluated in terms of the complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis produced in the participants’ first draft. Learner engagement was assessed in terms of the time the participants voluntarily chose to spend on revision. The findings indicated that (i) the recalling prompt resulted in more complex but less accurate sentences than the imagining prompt; and (ii) the recalling prompt resulted in more extended engagement in revision than the imagining prompt. The findings suggest linguistic and behavioral influences of prompts on writing. Pedagogical implications are offered.
A proof‐of‐principle study comparing barrier function and cell morphology in face and body skin
Authors: Gorcea M. , Lane M. E. , Moore D. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this pilot in vivo study was to investigate corneocyte size and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in facial cheek and volar forearm skin as a function of consecutive tape stripping. Changes in corneocyte size and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured as a function of stratum corneum (SC) depth at both anatomical sites. To our knowledge, this is the first published quantitative comparison based on these parameters. This work complements our previously published studies on face skin barrier recovery at 24 h and 4 weeks post‐tape stripping [Gorcea et al., Skin Res. Technol., 19, 2013, e375‐e382; Gorcea et al., Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 35, 2013, 250].MethodsTransepidermal water loss in vivo measurements of forearm and facial skin sites were taken before tape stripping commenced (baseline) and after each tape was collected. Optical microscopy and image analysis techniques were employed to characterize corneocyte size as a function of skin depth (tape strip number) for both anatomical sites.ResultsTransepidermal water loss increased significantly from baseline with sequential tape stripping at both anatomical skin sites. Volar forearm skin required approximately three times as many tapes to ‘damage’ the SC barrier (arbitrarily defined as twice baseline TEWL) compared to facial cheek skin demonstrating significant differences in barrier properties between cheeks and forearms (P < 0.05). Corneocyte size decreased significantly with depth for both sites (P < 0.001). Corneocytes from face skin were significantly smaller than corneocytes from volar forearm skin.ConclusionStatistically significant differences between facial and body skin stratum corneum cell morphology and transepidermal water loss were demonstrated and quantitatively measured as a function of tape stripping.
Exercise testing and exercise training within cystic fibrosis centres across Australia and New Zealand: what is considered important and what is current practice?
Authors: Sawyer Abbey , Cavalheri Vinicius , Wood Jamie , Hill Kylie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWithin Australian and New Zealand cystic fibrosis (CF) centres, exercise testing and exercise training are common components of clinical care, but current practices regarding these components have not been reported.AimTo determine the extent, scope and importance placed on exercise testing and exercise training within CF centres across Australia and New Zealand.MethodsInformation pertaining to exercise testing and training practices was sought by administering a survey to health professionals working in CF centres across Australia and New Zealand. The survey comprised five sections (46 questions) and was sent via an online link (Qualtrics). Response rate was optimised using the Dillman approach. Approval for this study was granted from the Human Research Ethics Committee at Curtin University (HRE2018‐074). Completion of the survey was taken as informed consent.ResultsA response rate of 80% (n = 32/40) was achieved. Each state/territory in Australia, except the Northern Territory was represented in the survey responses. Eight of the 12 major regions in New Zealand were also represented. Regarding tests of exercise capacity, field‐based tests were performed more commonly than laboratory‐based tests (n = 28/32; 88% vs n = 11/32 centres; 34%; difference: 54%; 95% confidence interval 31–70%). Most (89%) respondents perceived field tests to be at least ‘somewhat’ important, whereas 91% of respondents perceived laboratory tests to be ‘a little’ to ‘somewhat’ important. Physical activity and/or exercise were discussed by at least one health professional in the CF team at every clinic appointment and/or annual review. Most centred offered outpatient exercise training each year to their patients (n = 24/32; 75%).ConclusionThis survey captures the current practices of exercise testing and training in CF centres across Australia and New Zealand.
Static cut‐points of hypertension and increased arterial stiffness in children and adolescents: The International Childhood Vascular Function Evaluation Consortium
Authors: Zhao Min , Mill Jose´ G. , Yan Wei‐Li , Hong Young Mi , Skidmore Paula , Stoner Lee , Mora‐Urda Ana I. , Khadilkar Anuradha , Alvim Rafael de Oliveira , Kim Hae Soon , Montero López Pilar , Zhang Yi , Saeedi Pouya , Zaniqueli Divanei , Jiang Yuan , Oliosa Polyana Romano , de Faria Eliane Rodrigues , Mu Kai , Niu Da‐yan , Magnussen Costan G. , Xi Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPediatric elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension are usually defined using traditional BP tables at the 90th and 95th percentiles, respectively, based on sex, age, and height, which are cumbersome to use in clinical practice. The authors aimed to assess the performance of the static cut‐points (120/80 mm Hg and 130/80 mm Hg for defining elevated BP and hypertension for adolescents, respectively; and 110/70 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg for children, respectively) in predicting increased arterial stiffness. Using data from five population‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted in Brazil, China, Korea, and New Zealand, a total of 2546 children and adolescents aged 6‐17 years were included. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as pulse wave velocity ≥sex‐specific, age‐specific, and study population‐specific 90th percentile. Compared to youth with normal BP, those with hypertension defined using the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guideline (hereafter referred to as “percentile‐based cut‐points”) and the static cut‐points were at similar risk of increased arterial stiffness, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 2.35 (1.74‐3.17) and 3.07 (2.20‐4.28), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and net reclassification improvement methods confirmed the similar performance of static cut‐points and percentile‐based cut‐points (P for difference > .05). In conclusion, the static cut‐points performed similarly well when compared with the percentile‐based cut‐points in predicting childhood increased arterial stiffness. Use of static cut‐points to define hypertension in childhood might simplify identification of children with abnormal BP in clinical practice.
Non‐word writing does not require the phonological output buffer: Neuropsychological evidence for a direct phonological‐orthographic route
Authors: Friedmann Naama , Yachini Maya , Gvion Aviah , Nickels Lyndsey 
Published: August 2019

What is the route that is used for writing non‐words to dictation? Does it have to pass through phonological output? Two possibilities are found in the literature. In one, writing non‐words requires access from the phonological input buffer to the phonological output buffer and from there, via phoneme‐to‐grapheme conversion, to the orthographic output buffer. The second approach maintains that writing non‐words can proceed directly from the phonological input buffer to the orthographic output buffer. In this study, we discriminate between these two options using a cognitive neuropsychological approach. Specifically, we present a multiple case study of 24 individuals with a developmental impairment to the phonological output buffer, who nevertheless show unimpaired non‐word writing. These data lead to the conclusion that the phonological output buffer is not necessary when writing non‐words and that writing non‐words to dictation can proceed directly from the phonological input buffer to the orthographic output buffer. We suggest that the cognitive assumption that non‐word writing proceeds through the phonological output buffer may have resulted from graphic conventions and the depiction of the lexical processing model: in the common depiction of the model drawing a line through the phonological output buffer is visually simpler than a direct line (which would require lines to cross or long bypass lines).
Anti‐skin aging properties of protocatechuic acid in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Shin Seoungwoo , Cho Shin Hwan , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundProtocatechuic acid has reported containing antioxidant effects. However, information on its other biological activities such as anti‐wrinkle properties is limitedAimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate an antioxidant, collagen synthesis, MMP‐1 inhibition (in vitro), and anti‐wrinkle (in vivo) effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a potent ingredient for wrinkle‐care cosmetic.MethodsAntioxidant effect was evaluated based on its scavenging activity for free radicals (DPPH, ABTS+). To evaluate the anti‐skin aging potency of PCA, levels of MMP‐1 and type I procollagen were measured using an ELISA kit in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. To further investigate if PCA could increase collagen synthesis, full‐thickness human skin explants were immunostained with an anti‐collagen I antibody. In an in vivo study, 22 female subjects were enrolled in a placebo‐controlled trial. Facial wrinkle, especially crow’s feet around eyes, was treated with lotion‐containing 0.02% PCA for 8 weeks and compared with the placebo.ResultsIn in vitro study, PCA showed high antioxidant activ ity. PCA also showed potential to induce the synthesis of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblast and skin explants. It inhibited MMP‐1 secretion from UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblast. An in vivo study, treatment with lotion‐containing 0.02% PCA for 8 weeks significantly reduced the percentage of all skin wrinkle parameters. ConclusionBased on the results of in vitro assays and in vivo skin testing in human subjects, PCA shows potential in anti‐wrinkle or anti‐skin aging treatments.
What are adult psychiatric inpatients' experience of seclusion: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Askew Louise , Fisher Paul , Beazley Peter 
Published: August 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Seclusion involves isolating a patient in a room away from other patients in order to contain aggressive behaviour, and it is used in psychiatric hospitals.

Research has found that seclusion is often viewed by patients as negative; however, there is limited in‐depth understanding of the deeply personal experience.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This systematic review found that the published research may have flaws with the quality of analysis, mainly due to limited researcher reflexivity.

The review of qualitative research revealed that during seclusion, patients feel vulnerable, neglected and abused, disconnected from the experience and that it is dangerous to their mental health.

What are the implications for practice?

For clinicians facilitating the seclusion process to use their therapeutic skills to provide patients with a sense of being cared for.

For clinical supervision to allow space to explore interpersonal dynamics during seclusion in order to enhance therapeutic staff–patient interaction.

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited understanding of patients' seclusion experience. A 2013 systematic review provides some insight; however, more knowledge is required in order to improve patient care. This is a systematic review of qualitative research into the patient experience of seclusion. The qualitative focus enables the phenomena to be the central focus.Question“What are adult psychiatric inpatients' experience of seclusion?” and “What is the quality of the applicable research?”MethodElectronic searches for qualitative research published between 2006 and 2017 were undertaken. Data were excluded if it was not explicitly related to seclusion. Research was appraised using three standardized appraisal criterion. Themes were generated through thematic synthesis.ResultsEight papers met inclusion criteria; four had been translated into English. Four themes were identified: “feeling vulnerable,” “feeling neglected and abused,” “disconnecting” and “seclusion is dangerous to mental health.” Participants felt vulnerable and without control. They experienced staff and room as neglectful and abusive. Participants mentally disconnected. The experience threatened participants' mental health.DiscussionParticipants' experience is an amalgamation of interpersonal experience and the environment. Disconnecting may be a coping strategy.Implications for practiceThe findings have implications for seclusion practice, staff training and clinical supervision. Specific attention needs to be paid to the staff–patient interaction.
The Opportunistic Principal
Authors: Wagner Dirk Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYThis article sheds light on a surprisingly persistent gap in economic theory: Economists have extensively studied agency relationships between principals and agents, but economic analysis has traditionally been preoccupied with problems created by agents rather than principals. Principal‐agent theory traditionally neglects opportunism on part of the principals. As a result, economic theory fails to fully explain gaps in economic performance. Even worse, the for decades biased concept of opportunism has shaped generations of students in economics and business and thus has contributed to deficient managerial and economic outcomes.Under the presumption that not only agents but also principals demonstrate opportunistic behavior, the economic definition of opportunism as established by Oliver Williamson is further developed. This contribution extends the concept of opportunism to principals. The principal’s illegitimate interference with the autonomy of the agent is discussed which shows that whilst agent opportunism largely rests on information asymmetry, principal opportunism feeds itself off power asymmetries. In an interdisciplinary effort and building on recent research in the area of bullying and mobbing, the economic rationale of principal opportunism is explained with the help of a simple game‐theoretic model. On this basis, it is demonstrated how a more balanced perception of principal agent relationships can contribute to an updated theory of the firm.
The role of linguistic ideologies in language contact situations
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ordóñez Itxaso 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of contact linguistics has long argued for the paramount importance of social factors in understanding the outcomes of linguistic contact. In contrast, linguistic ideologies have not played a central role in theories of language contact, though this has begun to change in recent decades. This article provides an account of early theorizations of linguistic ideologies and their increasingly important applications to the study of contact phenomena. A brief survey of more recent theoretical advancements with respect to ideologies and contact phenomena follows, paying special attention to studies in linguistic anthropology and variationist sociolinguistics. While recognizing the challenges inherent in the study of linguistic ideologies, this article argues that they should be at the foreground of contact linguistics. To this end, methodological tools for such study are presented, along with theoretical considerations and future directions.
Multiscale modeling of backward erosion piping in flood protection system infrastructure
Authors: Fascetti Alessandro , Oskay Caglar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article presents a novel multiscale modeling approach to simulate the evolution of the backward erosion piping (BEP) process in flood protection systems (FPSs). A multiphase description of the BEP phenomenon is proposed for the numerical solution at the local scale and validated by means of full‐scale experimental results available in the literature. Results of the local scale simulations are used as the training set for a multilayer machine learning (ML) model to bridge the information between the local and system scales. Accuracy of the trained ML algorithms is demonstrated by comparing results obtained from detailed physics‐based numerical models. The novelty of the proposed methodology lies in its capability of real‐time predictions of the overall response at the system scale. A case study is presented where a portion of the Nashville Metro Levee System is analyzed over the span of a year, to assess the likelihood of BEP in the infrastructure. The capability of the model to accept water height data obtained from field measurements is exploited in the numerical simulations.