bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of emergency department utilization for non‐traumatic dental conditions in Massachusetts
Authors: Ranade Ashwini , Young Gary J. , Griffith John , Garcia Raul , Singhal Astha , McGuire Jean 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo study the determinants of emergency department (ED) utilization for non‐traumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) by adults in Massachusetts.MethodsWe analyzed patient‐level factors associated with ED utilization for NTDCs in Massachusetts during 2013, using the Massachusetts All Payer Claims Dataset. The primary independent variables of interest were use of preventive dental service in the year preceding the ED visit and dental insurance coverage. Key covariates included age, gender, income, day of the ED visit, payer type, and residing in a geographically designated dental health professional shortage area (DHPSA). A multilevel logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds of NTDC ED visits as compared to two other categories of ED visits.Results1.1 percent of all ED visits in Massachusetts were for NTDCs in 2013. Preventive dental service use in the preceding year decreased the odds (OR = 0.72) of a NTDC ED visit, whereas having dental insurance coverage increased the odds (OR = 1.1) of a NTDC ED visit. Other patient‐level characteristics that significantly increased odds of a NTDC ED visit included being between 26 and 35 years of age (OR = 1.2), male (OR = 1.3), uninsured (OR = 1.7) or enrolled in Medicaid (OR = 1.2), and visiting on a weekend (OR = 1.3).ConclusionsIncreased access to preventive dental services may lower likelihood of ED use for NTDCs. Interventions that target younger adults, Medicaid enrollees, and the uninsured, may be the most efficient way to lower NTDC ED use.
Molecular phylogenetics supports a clade of red algal parasites retaining native plastids: taxonomy and terminology revised
Authors: Salomaki Eric D. , Lane Christopher E. 
Published: December 2018

Parasitism is a life strategy that has repeatedly evolved within the Florideophyceae. Historically, the terms adelphoparasite and alloparasite have been used to distinguish parasites based on the relative phylogenetic relationship of host and parasite. However, analyses using molecular phylogenetics indicate that nearly all red algal parasites infect within their taxonomic family, and a range of relationships exist between host and parasite. To date, all investigated adelphoparasites have lost their plastid, and instead, incorporate a host‐derived plastid when packaging spores. In contrast, a highly reduced plastid lacking photosynthesis genes was sequenced from the alloparasiteChoreocolax polysiphoniae. Here we present the completeHarveyella mirabilisplastid genome, which has also lost genes involved in photosynthesis, and a partial plastid genome fromLeachiella pacifica. TheH. mirabilisplastid shares more synteny with free‐living red algal plastids than that ofC. polysiphoniae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates thatC. polysiphoniae,H. mirabilis, andL. pacificaform a robustly supported clade of parasites, which retain their own plastid genomes, within the Rhodomelaceae. We therefore transfer all three genera from the exclusively parasitic family, Choreocolacaceae, to the Rhodomelaceae. Additionally, we recommend applying the terms archaeplastic parasites (formerly alloparasites), and neoplastic parasites (formerly adelphoparasites) to distinguish red algal parasites using a biological framework rather than taxonomic affiliation with their hosts.
Dynamics of Religious Group Growth and Survival
Authors: Chen Tongzhou , McBride Michael , Short Martin B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe model and analyze the dynamics of religious group membership and size. A group is distinguished by its strictness, which determines how much time group members are expected to spend contributing to the group. Individuals differ in their rate of return for time spent outside of their religious group. We construct a utility function that individuals attempt to maximize, then find a Nash equilibrium for religious group participation with a heterogeneous population. We then model dynamics of group size by including birth, death, and switching of individuals between groups. Group switching depends on the strictness preferences of individuals and their probability of encountering members of other groups. We show that in the case of only two groups—one with finite strictness and the other with zero—there is a parameter combination that determines whether the nonzero strictness group can survive over time, which is more difficult at higher strictness levels. We also show that a high birth rate can allow even the strictest groups to survive. Finally, we consider cases of several groups, gaining insight into strategic choices of strictness values and displaying the rich behavior of the model.
Value Predicate Analysis: A Language‐Based Tool for Diagnosing Behavioral Tendencies of Religious or Value‐Based Groups in Regions of Conflict
Authors: Ochs Peter , Faizi Nauman , Teubner Jonathan , Moulvi Zain 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article introduces a language‐based tool for addressing the role of religion in violent conflicts. Value predicate analysis (VPA) is an easily transportable, relatively uncomplicated early warning tool for measuring the probable near‐future behavior of modest‐sized religious groups in settings of potential conflict. We show that it is possible to identify a range of nine types of probable group behavior toward other groups. This approach significantly refines current binary assessments of violent/not‐violent group conduct. The authors (1) provide a warrant for diagnosing religion‐group behavior through performative analysis; (2) present a theoretical overview of VPA; (3) summarize their research, data analysis, and field collection methods; (4) present field test results; and (5) conclude with recommendations for further research.
Use of multi‐criteria decision‐making for selecting spillway type and optimizing dimensions by applying the harmony search algorithm: Qeshlagh Dam Case Study
Authors: Hassanvand Mohammad R. , Karami Hojat , Mousavi Sayed‐Farhad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEconomic considerations are significantly important in designing a dam and its related hydraulic structures. Considering the methods used for economic design of hydraulic structures such as a spillway, they are also dependent on the construction costs of the spillway. In addition to the spillway type and capacity being associated with the magnitude of floods. Selecting different options of a spillway, considering all their aspects, has always been one of the biggest issues in decision‐making. The present study determined the best spillway type (free‐flow, stepped, semicircular and cylindrical) for Qeshlagh Dam, Iran, by considering different aspects (costs, time and performance) and using the TOPSIS method. The obtained dimensions of the spillway from multi‐criteria decision‐making were then optimized using meta‐heuristic Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA). The results identified a free‐flow spillway was the best option in terms of cost and time, whereas a cylindrical spillway is the best choice in terms of performance. The optimal free‐flow spillway length is 31.8 m, and height is 3.45 m, being capable of passing a flood discharge of 452 m3/s. This discharge was calculated by a reservoir routing method. Moreover, the obtained solution led to reducing the spillway construction costs, one of the most important issues in civil engineering projects.
Nurses' organizational communication satisfaction, emotional labor, and prosocial service behavior: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Youngsoo , Jang Sun Joo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigated nurses' organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor in an attempt to identify the factors that influence nurses' prosocial service behavior in Korea. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 145 nurses at two Korean tertiary hospitals in 2017. Most participants (89%) were female, and the mean age was 28.45 ± 5.50 years; data analysis was mainly based on a multiple regression. It was consequently found that nurses' organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor positively affected their prosocial service behavior. The potential benefits of emotional labor were also explored, and these variables were determined to explain 41.1% of the variance in prosocial service behavior. These findings provide evidence that organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor in nurses can have significant effects on their prosocial service behavior.
Benchmarking life quality support interventions in long‐term care using the Long‐Term Care Quality of Life scale
Authors: McDonald Tracey , Shaw Douglas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe aimed to develop a graphical procedure for benchmarking quality of life care results using the Long‐Term Care Quality of Life (LTC‐QoL) scale. While clinical care quality benchmarking is now well established, similar research for quality of life (QOL) aged care benchmarking has received scant attention. Data from 10 facilities utilizing the LTC‐QoL scale were analysed to establish baseline statistics for developing a graphical procedure for QOL benchmarking. Client LTC‐QoL records were tested with varimax rotation factor analysis revealing three viable benchmarking themes: B1 (Self‐efficacy), B2 (supporting relationships), and B3 (outlook on life) were selected for benchmark development utilizing Analysis of Means to generate graphical outputs using Minitab version 17.3.1. In this way, in the absence of verified industry standards, it is possible to compare organizations providing similar services using the same indicators, against group averages.In conclusion, the benchmarking protocol produced comparative information on three benchmarks for 10 facilities. Similar analysis is feasible for a single facility over time. The results of these analyses provide evidence for on‐site discussion of quality of life care quality performance.
A review of interventions supporting parent's psychological well‐being after a child's intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Bedford Zoe C , Bench Suzanne 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundHaving a child admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a highly stressful experience, and post‐traumatic stress among parents is well documented. How best to support these parents is currently unclear.AimTo review research on interventions to support the psychological well‐being of parents after their child's discharge from paediatric intensive care.MethodsSearches were conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and The Cochrane library in January 2017. Study selection was carried out using pre‐specified criteria. Following appraisal of methodological quality and risk of bias, data were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis.ResultsSix quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Intervention types included follow‐up appointments, telephone calls, educational information and post‐admission interviews. Insufficient evidence was found to fully support any intervention in isolation, but findings support a clear trend that some form of follow up is beneficial.ConclusionsTesting costly interventions is challenging and takes time. In the meantime, a low‐cost intervention (such as an information leaflet) to raise awareness of potential problems in staff and to provide a support resource for parents is recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceParents and carers of children admitted to PICU can develop post‐traumatic stress symptoms after their child's discharge from PICU. This article addresses how best to support these parents to improve their psychological well‐being.
Quantitative trait locus mapping for seed artificial aging traits using an F2:3 population and a recombinant inbred line population crossed from two highly related maize inbreds
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zhang Hongwei , Li Xuhui , Wang Feng , Lyle Demar , Sun Lianjun , Wang Guoying , Wang Jianhua , Li Li , Gu Riliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for seed longevity is essential for breeding modern cultivars with resistance to deterioration during postharvest storage. The inbred lines X178 and I178 showed large differences in seed vigour after artificial aging treatment, while they had similar performances in terms of most agronomic traits. An F2:3 population and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were generated to map QTL after 5 days under artificial aging conditions. Positive correlations were observed among all investigated traits including the aging germination rate, relative aging germination rate, aging simple vigour index, aging primary root length, aging shoot length and aging total length. Thirteen QTL were identified to locate on five chromosome regions: Chr.1:297 Mb (chromosome 1 region 297 Mb), Chr.3:205 Mb, Chr.4:240 Mb, Chr.5:205 Mb and Chr.7:155 Mb, with 2 to 4 QTL co‐located on a region. In each region, 3–8 previously identified aging‐related QTL were located, confirming the importance of these regions for controlling seed longevity in different maize populations. Taken together, the results of this work provide a foundation for further QTL fine mapping and the molecular‐assisted breeding of aging tolerant maize.
Classic pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a girl with sickle cell disease
Authors: Mitre Victoria , Brown Danielle , Phung Thuy , Hunt Raegan D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)–like phenotype develops in a subset of patients with inherited hemoglobinopathies. Although PXE tissue changes are thought to develop in the absence of ABCC6 mutations in patients with beta‐thalassemia, ABCC6 mutations have not been well evaluated among sickle cell disease patients with PXE‐like disease. To our knowledge, we describe the first patient with sickle cell disease, PXE skin findings, and two confirmed pathogenic ABCC6 mutations. This case suggests that ABCC6 testing is warranted for sickle cell disease patients with the PXE‐like phenotype and that the pathogenesis of PXE manifestations in beta‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease may differ.
INPUT: An academic–practice partnership to an underserved rural community
Authors: Neubrander Judy , Franzen Susan R. , Mathis Rebecca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe INPUT project is a model partnership that changed the way health care was offered to the underserved in rural Western North Carolina. Grant funding provided a full‐time Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) to a free clinic and created clinical placements for FNP students. Students had opportunities to learn about unique aspects of care for vulnerable, underserved populations to encourage them to consider working in rural communities. The clinic saw an increase in patient visits and offered more continuity in follow‐up care. This academic–practice partnership represents a successful example of how working together can benefit the collaborators and community.
The Call for a Shift from Risk to Resilience: What Does it Mean?
Authors: Aven Terje 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn recent years calls have been made for a shift from risk to resilience. The basic idea is that we need to be prepared when threatening events occur, whether they are anticipated or unforeseen. This article questions the extent to which this call will have and should have implications for the risk field and science. Is the call based on a belief that this field and science should be replaced by resilience analysis and management, or is it more about priorities: Should more weight be placed on improving resilience? The article argues that the only meaningful interpretation of the call is the latter. Resilience analysis and management is today an integrated part of the risk field and science, and risk analysis in a broad sense is needed to increase relevant knowledge, develop adequate policies, and make the right decisions, balancing different concerns and using our limited resources in an effective way.
Science for Policy: A Case Study of Scientific Polarization, Values, and the Framing of Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Mason‐Renton Sarah , Vazquez Marco , Robinson Connor , Oberg Gunilla 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is well documented that more research can lead to hardened positions, particularly when dealing with complex, controversial, and value‐laden issues. This study is an attempt to unveil underlying values in a contemporary debate, where both sides use scientific evidence to support their argument. We analyze the problem framing, vocabulary, interpretation of evidence, and policy recommendations, with particular attention to the framing of nature and technology. We find clear differences between the two arguments. One side stress that there is no evidence that the present approach is causing harm to humans or the environment, does not ruminate on uncertainties to that end, references nature's ability to handle the problem, and indicates distrust in technological solutions. In contrast, the other side focuses on uncertainties, particularly the lack of knowledge about potential environmental effects and signals trust in technological development and human intervention as the solution. Our study suggests that the two sides’ diverging interpretations are tied to their perception of nature: vulnerable to human activities versus robust and able to handle human impacts. The two sides also seem to hold diverging views of technology, but there are indications that this might be rooted in their perception of governance and economy rather than about technology per se. We conclude that there is a need to further investigate how scientific arguments are related to worldviews, to see how (if at all) worldview typologies can help us to understand how value‐based judgments are embedded in science advice, and the impact these have on policy preferences.
Who Holds Populist Attitudes? Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Bernhard Laurent , Hänggli Regula 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSo far, populism has mainly been studied by looking at the political supply side. This contribution focuses on the political demand side by explaining citizens’ levels of support for populist attitudes. We formulate two competing hypotheses. The first hypothesis expects populist attitudes to be most pervasive on the ideological extremes, while the second one posits that individuals are more likely to hold these attitudes the more to the right of the political spectrum they position themselves. Our empirical analysis of a representative survey of the Swiss Electoral Study (SELECTS) supports the second hypothesis. We argue that this right‐sided orientation among Swiss citizens can be attributed to context characteristics that are currently available in the northern part of Western Europe (i.e. the absence of a long‐lasting economic crisis, the high saliency of identity politics, and a strong populist mobilization by the radical right).
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in urban Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations: Epidemiology and the impacts of kill‐trapping
Authors: Lee Michael J. , Byers Kaylee A. , Donovan Christina M. , Zabek Erin , Stephen Craig , Patrick David M. , Himsworth Chelsea G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUrban Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations can carry the bacteria methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are numerous knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of MRSA in these populations that limit understanding of its ecology in urban environments. For example, fecal shedding of MRSA, which may increase environmental contamination, has been reported in other species; however, it is unknown whether Norway rats carry the bacteria rectally. Furthermore, while intermittent MRSA shedding has been shown in other species and may dictate when the risk of transmission is highest, duration of carriage has not been examined for Norway rats. Previous work has shown that lethal animal‐control methods may increase the level of pathogens within reservoir populations, possibly by disrupting ecological patterns. However, the impact of rodent‐control on potentially environmentally acquired pathogens like MRSA has not been tested. Using capture‐mark‐recapture methods in an inner‐city neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, we show that rats intermittently carry MRSA both in the rectum and oropharynx. By assessing the prevalence of MRSA before and after enacting a pest‐control intervention, we report that kill‐trapping had no impact on the prevalence of carriage of this environmentally‐acquired agent.
Metodología de estudio de eventos como medición del impacto del dictamen del revisor fiscal en el mercado accionario colombiano en 2009-2016
Authors: Gutiérrez Castañeda Belky Esperanza , Barrera Montoya Carlos Andrés 
Published: December 2018

El fortalecimiento de un mercado accionario está relacionado directamente con la transparencia y la confiabilidad de la información disponible para los usuarios de estos mercados. Con este fin, el revisor fiscal ejerce una de sus funciones, que es el de divulgar la situación administrativa y financiera de la empresa a través del informe del revisor fiscal, convirtiéndose este informe en un garante de la realidad económica de las empresas, al verificar la ausencia de errores y fraudes en las informaciones financieras que estosusuarios reciben. A pesar de la importancia social de los revisores fiscales en el contexto colombiano, aún no se ha cuantificado el verdadero impacto de su trabajo en el mercado accionario, representado por la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC); como respuesta a la falta de esta medición, en Colombia, de la importancia e impacto que el informe del revisor fiscal pueda ejercer en el contexto empresarial y en los inversionistas, fue que se realizó esta investigación, en la cual se quiere evaluar, a través de la metodología de estudio de eventos, el efecto que el informe emitido por el revisor fiscal ejerce en relación con el dictamen de losestados financieros y su influencia en el comportamiento del precio de 127 empresas durante el periodo 2009-2016, negociadas en la BVC. Los resultados evidencian que el informe de revisoría fiscal, en conjunto con algunas variables de los estados financieros, no genera efectos significativos en los retornos esperados de las empresas que cotizan en BVC, al realizar un análisis de forma general y por sectores económicos. En conclusión, se demuestra, por medio de pruebas estadísticas, que no existe una relación significativaentre la emisión y la divulgación del informe del revisor fiscal y la volatilidad o retorno anormal que influya en la dinámica del mercado accionario.