bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dancing with giraffes: Why philanthropy matters for public management
Authors: Phillips Susan D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe role of institutionalized philanthropy is a blind spot in Canadian scholarship on public management. This article identifies five ways in which private “family” foundations add value to public management: through their roles in grantmaking; advancing social innovation; field building; shaping ideas; and advocating for policy and social change. An assessment of how well Canada's largest family foundations—those holding more than $100 million in assets—perform on each of these indicates they are not realizing their potential and need to be more attentive to their claim to public legitimacy. Equally, governments need to be more creative in how they work with the philanthropic sector.
Short‐term effects of crisis response planning on optimism in a U.S. Army sample
Authors: Rozek David C. , Keane Carol , Sippel Lauren M. , Stein Jacob Y. , Rollo‐Carlson Cynthia , Bryan Craig J. 
Published: June 2018

AimThis study examined the short‐term effects of a brief crisis intervention on optimism of acutely suicidal soldiers.MethodsU.S. Soldiers (N = 97) presenting for an emergency mental health appointment in a military emergency department or behavioural health clinic were randomly assigned to treatment as usual standard crisis response plan, or enhanced crisis response plan (E‐CRP). This study is used a subsample of the original clinical trial (n = 64) for those who completed self‐report measures of optimism (Life Orientation Test‐Revised) prior to receiving any intervention and a secondary self‐report assessment one‐month following the intervention.ResultsResults indicate that individuals with low baseline optimism who received the E‐CRP had significant increases in optimism 1 month post‐intervention.ConclusionThis provides evidence that discussing a patient's reasons for living during a CRP increases optimism in those high‐risk patients with the lowest baseline optimism.
Punishment and Rights in European Union Citizenship: Persons or Criminals?
Authors: Mancano Leandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile European Union (EU) citizenship has traditionally been key to limiting criminalisation at national level, over recent years crime has become a criterion to distinguish between the good and the bad citizen, and to allocate rights according to that distinction. This approach has been upheld by the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) in its case‐law, where crimes show the offender's disregard for the societal values of the host Member States, and deny his/her integration therein. This article argues that citizenship serves to legitimate criminal law. The Court outlines two—counterposing—types of human being: the law‐abiding citizen and the criminal. The article shows the legal unsoundness of the Court's approach. It does so by analysing and locating the case‐law over a crime–citizenship spectrum, marked at its opposing ends by Duff's communitarian approach to criminal law, on the one hand, and Jakobs' criminal law of the enemy, on the other.
Unsettling decolonizing geographies
Authors: de Leeuw Sarah , Hunt Sarah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeographers have long reflected on our discipline's colonial history. Both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous geographers have discussed ways of engaging Indigenous geographies and sought new ways of opening and expanding spaces for Indigenous peoples and Indigenous ways of knowing and being in our discipline. Like many social scientists, geographers name and frame this work in different ways; of late, decolonizing concepts and practices are increasingly deployed. As documented by especially Indigenous scholars, however, the discipline has yet to achieve much semblance of decolonization. This paper takes as a starting point that, despite good intentions, efforts at decolonizing geography are inherently limited because colonization continues to structure the field of geography and the academy more broadly. We begin by placing ourselves in conversations about Indigenous geographies and colonial violence, using this placement as a jumping off point for discussing ways geographers past and present approach decolonization. We pay particular attention to ways theories and articulations about decolonization may be falling short. Second, we offer a critical analysis of decolonization in relation to settler colonial power, including theories and praxes of engaging Indigeneity and Indigenous peoples and places. We discuss Indigenous geographies, what they mean, and to whom they have those meanings. We then turn to Indigenous knowledges and Indigenous ways of being and living in the world, problematizing how within more purely conceptual realms and often by non‐Indigenous peoples and geographers, these can be uncoupled or disconnected from ways decolonization is circulated and lived. We conclude with cautions and suggestions, based especially on provocations of Indigenous scholars, about ways geographers might unsettle our work in ongoing efforts toward decolonizing our discipline.
Diachronic variations in the distribution of butterflies and dragonflies linked to recent habitat changes in Western Europe
Authors: Delpon Gaël , Vogt‐Schilb Hélène , Munoz François , Richard Franck , Schatz Bertrand 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

In the context of ongoing global changes, it is crucial to characterise and understand the species distribution dynamics. Despite increasing emphasis on insects’ conservation issues, evidence of distribution changes in insects over a wide range of bioclimatic conditions remains scarce in Western Europe.

We examined distribution changes in butterflies and dragonflies in three European countries over 34 years, determined the influence of environmental changes, especially land cover, and assessed how of species ecology related to distinct responses. We analysed the diachronic variations by compiling occurrence data in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg for 240 butterfly and 95 dragonfly taxa.

We found contrasting patterns of diachronic variation in butterfly and dragonfly distributions, i.e. a strong gradient of disappearance for butterflies (from northwest to southeast with significantly higher rate of disappearance in urbanised and intensive agriculture areas of north‐western France), whereas dragonflies showed lower and heterogeneous variation in occurrences, mainly related to alteration and regression of aquatic habitats.

Species responses appeared closely linked to their ecological preferences, with greater decline in habitat specialist species. Butterfly and dragonfly species are constrained by their dependence to host plant species and to aquatic habitats, respectively, and proved to convey complementary insights on the influence of environmental changes in biodiversity dynamics.

Conservation priorities were identified across species and administrative units, revealing that almost 80% of the declining taxa were not listed on the current protection lists. Our results support the need to update current French policies in terms of insect conservation.
Understanding B‐cell activation and autoantibody repertoire selection in systemic lupus erythematosus: A B‐cell immunomics approach
Authors: Tipton Christopher M. , Hom Jennifer R. , Fucile Christopher F. , Rosenberg Alexander F. , Sanz Inaki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding antibody repertoires and in particular, the properties and fates of B cells expressing potentially pathogenic antibodies is critical to define the mechanisms underlying multiple immunological diseases including autoimmune and allergic conditions as well as transplant rejection. Moreover, an integrated knowledge of the antibody repertoires expressed by B cells and plasma cells (PC) of different functional properties and longevity is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies, better biomarkers for disease segmentation, and new assays to measure restoration of B‐cell tolerance or, at least, of normal B‐cell homeostasis. Reaching these goals, however, will require a more precise phenotypic, functional and molecular definition of B‐cell and PC populations, and a comprehensive analysis of the antigenic reactivity of the antibodies they express. While traditionally hampered by technical and ethical limitations in human experimentation, new technological advances currently enable investigators to address these questions in a comprehensive fashion. In this review, we shall discuss these concepts as they apply to the study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
The Bayesian optimist's guide to adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis
Authors: Olson Branden J. , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProbabilistic modeling is fundamental to the statistical analysis of complex data. In addition to forming a coherent description of the data‐generating process, probabilistic models enable parameter inference about given datasets. This procedure is well developed in the Bayesian perspective, in which one infers probability distributions describing to what extent various possible parameters agree with the data. In this paper, we motivate and review probabilistic modeling for adaptive immune receptor repertoire data then describe progress and prospects for future work, from germline haplotyping to adaptive immune system deployment across tissues. The relevant quantities in immune sequence analysis include not only continuous parameters such as gene use frequency but also discrete objects such as B‐cell clusters and lineages. Throughout this review, we unravel the many opportunities for probabilistic modeling in adaptive immune receptor analysis, including settings for which the Bayesian approach holds substantial promise (especially if one is optimistic about new computational methods). From our perspective, the greatest prospects for progress in probabilistic modeling for repertoires concern ancestral sequence estimation for B‐cell receptor lineages, including uncertainty from germline genotype, rearrangement, and lineage development.
Predicting the spectrum of TCR repertoire sharing with a data‐driven model of recombination
Authors: Elhanati Yuval , Sethna Zachary , Callan Curtis G. , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDespite the extreme diversity of T‐cell repertoires, many identical T‐cell receptor (TCR) sequences are found in a large number of individual mice and humans. These widely shared sequences, often referred to as “public,” have been suggested to be over‐represented due to their potential immune functionality or their ease of generation by V(D)J recombination. Here, we show that even for large cohorts, the observed degree of sharing of TCR sequences between individuals is well predicted by a model accounting for the known quantitative statistical biases in the generation process, together with a simple model of thymic selection. Whether a sequence is shared by many individuals is predicted to depend on the number of queried individuals and the sampling depth, as well as on the sequence itself, in agreement with the data. We introduce the degree of publicness conditional on the queried cohort size and the size of the sampled repertoires. Based on these observations, we propose a public/private sequence classifier, “PUBLIC” (Public Universal Binary Likelihood Inference Classifier), based on the generation probability, which performs very well even for small cohort sizes.
Essential role of NbNOG1 in ribosomal RNA processing
Authors: Guo Jiangbo , Han Shaojie , Zhao Jinping , Xin Cuihua , Zheng Xiyin , Liu Yule , Wang Yan , Qu Feng 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNucleolar GTP‐binding protein 1 (NOG1) is a highly conserved GTPase first reported in Trypanosoma as required for ribosome biogenesis. We characterized NbNOG1, a Nicotiana benthamiana NOG1 ortholog sharing more than 45% amino acid identity with Trypanosoma, yeast, and human NOG1. N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbNOG1 were stunted and produced sterile flowers. NbNOG1 is functionally interchangeable with yeast NOG1 (ScNOG1), rescuing yeast lethality caused by loss of ScNOG1. Finally, NbNOG1 silencing caused over‐accumulation of pre‐rRNA processing intermediates, and concomitant loss of mature rRNAs. Collectively, these data support a role for NbNOG1 in ribosomal RNA processing.
Perceived Marital Support and Incident Mental Illness: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey
Authors: Feder Kenneth A. , Heatherington Laurie , Mojtabai Ramin , Eaton William W. 
Published: June 2018

Social support in marriage may be associated with reduced risk for mental illness. Past studies are limited by short follow up and a focus on depression. A two‐wave nationally representative survey in the United States (n = 2,503) is used to examine whether social support in marriage is associated with the onset of each of four clusters of disorders—internalizing, externalizing, phobic, and bipolar—10 years later. Results indicate that higher levels of perceived marital support were protective against internalizing, fear, and bipolar disorders, and against incident externalizing disorders for women. Protective effects of social support in marriage against mental illness are long‐lasting, and sometimes differ by gender. Findings suggest the importance of mental health assessment in clinical practice.
Birth Outcomes of Women Using a Midwife versus Women Using a Physician for Prenatal Care
Authors: Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Klebanoff Mark , Gallo Maria F. , Shoben Abigail , Norris Alison H. 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionFew studies have compared midwife‐led and physician‐led care in the United States. Our objective was to compare the frequency of birth interventions and maternal and neonatal outcomes between women who received prenatal care from a midwife and those who received care from a physician, among women who were low risk when they initiated prenatal care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of women giving birth at a large public hospital who had at least one prenatal visit before 20 weeks’ gestation in the years 2012 through 2015. We classified women according to prenatal care provider type (midwife vs physician) at first prenatal visit and compared birth outcomes between the groups, using intent‐to‐treat analyses. We used modified Poisson regression to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for common outcomes and logistic regression with Firth's bias correction to produce adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for rare outcomes. As a sensitivity analysis, we performed a matched propensity score analysis to account for potential confounding by indication.ResultsMidwives provided care to 8.2% of the women; physicians provided care to 91.8% of the women. Women in midwifery care were less likely to be black, have Medicaid insurance, or have a history of pregnancy complications or previous cesarean births compared with women who received care from physicians. Women in midwifery care had lower risks of cesarean (aRR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.78) and preterm birth (aRR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.79), with no increased odds of neonatal intensive care unit admissions, neonatal deaths, or severe maternal morbidity. Women in midwifery care had increased odds of postpartum hemorrhage and shoulder dystocia (aOR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.40‐7.58, and aOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.01‐3.22, respectively); however, these did not remain significant in the propensity score analysis.DiscussionAmong women with low‐risk pregnancies, midwifery care was associated with substantially fewer preterm births and labor interventions.
The last 2 years of life for children with severe physical disability: Observations from a tertiary paediatric centre
Authors: Vemuri Sidharth , Baker Louise , Williams Katrina , Hynson Jenny 
Published: June 2018

AimTo describe the clinical course for children with severe physical disability (SPD) in the 2 years prior to their death and to identify whether these children had palliative care involvement and advance care planning prior to death. To investigate whether there is a difference between children with progressive (PSPD) and non‐progressive (NPSPD) aetiologies of SPD.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of 48 children with SPD who died between 1 January 2013 and 1 January 2015 at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Clinical charts were reviewed to collect data about the type of SPD, frequency and duration of hospital admissions, duration of palliative care involvement (if any) and presence of an advance care plan.ResultsThe majority of children were admitted in the 6 months before their death, and over a third were admitted to the intensive care unit. There was a significant increase in the frequency of hospital admissions as the study cohort approached death (P = 0.003). The majority of children with SPD were offered a referral to a palliative care service, with referrals more likely in children with PSPD (90%) compared to children with NPSPD (57%). While approximately 60% of children in each cohort had an advance care plan, there was a trend towards this being formalised earlier in children with PSPD (P = 0.09).ConclusionThe increase in hospital admissions prior to death in children with SPD suggests an opportunity for greater consistency in offering advanced care planning and palliative care, especially to those with NPSPD.
Arthritis in Kawasaki disease: A poorly recognised manifestation
Authors: Martins Andreia , Conde Marta , Brito Maria , Gouveia Catarina 
Published: June 2018

AimTo determine the prevalence of arthritis in Kawasaki disease (KD) and the clinical characteristics of children with KD and arthritis.MethodsThis was a single‐centre, 15‐year, retrospective study of children admitted with KD. Clinical features (including coronary involvement), laboratory results and treatment response were evaluated.ResultsOf 63 children with KD, 60.3% were male, with a median of age of 2.0 years. Complete KD was found in 68.3%. The time from symptom onset to treatment was 7.0 days (median); 30.7% had coronary artery aneurysms, from which 82.5% responded to intravenous immunoglobulin. During the course of their illness, eight children developed arthritis (12.7%), which was early onset in six (75%) and oligoarticular in five (62.5%). The median number of joints was 3.5 (P25 = 1.3, P75 = 17.0), and at least one large joint was affected. In all cases, the arthritis was self‐limited and left no sequelae, lasting a median of 14 days and no longer than 22 days. KD children with arthritis were older (P = 0.025), and those with early‐onset arthritis responded to first‐line therapy, unlike the late‐onset group (P = 0.018).ConclusionsThis study emphasises the value of a systematic articular examination of joints in KD. Refractory KD was observed in children with late‐onset arthritis.
Salvia miltiorrhiza enhances the survival of mesenchymal stem cells under ischemic conditions
Authors: Kim Ran , Lee Seokyeon , Lee Chang Youn , Yun Hwayoung , Lee Hojin , Lee Min Young , Kim Jongmin , Jeong Jee-Yeong , Baek Kyungmin , Chang Woochul 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To validate the enhanced therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) for brain ischemic stroke through the anti-apoptotic and survival ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods
The viability and the expression level of cell apoptotic and survival-related proteins in MSCs by treatment of SM were assessed in vitro. In addition, the infarcted brain region and the behavioural changes after treatment of MSCs with SM were confirmed in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models.

Key findings
We demonstrated that SM attenuates apoptosis and improves the cell viability of MSCs. In the rat MCAo model, the recovery of the infarcted region and positive changes of behaviour are observed after treatment of MSCs with SM.

Conclusions
The therapy using SM enhances the therapeutic effect for brain ischemic stroke by promoting the survival of MSCs. This synergetic effect thereby proposes a new experimental approach of traditional Chinese medicine and stem cell-based therapies for patients suffering from a variety of diseases.
Motivation, Emotion, Learning Experience, and Second Language Comprehensibility Development in Classroom Settings: A Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Dewaele Jean‐Marc , Abe Mariko , In'nami Yo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study presents a cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of how 108 high school students in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms enhanced the comprehensibility of their second language (L2) speech according to different motivation, emotion, and experience profiles. Students’ learning patterns were primarily associated with their emotional states (anxiety vs. enjoyment) and secondarily with their motivational dispositions (clear vision of ideal future selves). Students’ anxiety together with weaker Ideal L2 Self related negatively to their performance at the beginning of the project—performance that they had achieved after several years of EFL instruction. Students’ enjoyment together with greater Ideal L2 Self predicted the extent to which they practiced and developed their L2 speech within the 3‐month framework of the project. Results suggest that more frequent L2 use with positive emotions directly impacts acquisition, which may in turn lead to the lessening of negative emotions and better long‐term L2 comprehensibility.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Celebrating the 50th anniversary of CAIs discovery by Mireille Christophe Michel–Lévy
Authors: Gounelle Matthieu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe scope of the present short report is to honor the discovery of the first calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion in 1968 as well as the discoverer, the French mineralogist, Mireille Christophe Michel‐Lévy.
The Hebeloma cylindrosporum HcPT2 Pi transporter plays a key role in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Becquer Adeline , Garcia Kevin , Amenc Laurie , Rivard Camille , Doré Jeanne , Trives‐Segura Carlos , Szponarski Wojciech , Russet Sylvie , Baeza Yoan , Lassalle‐Kaiser Benedikt , Gay Gilles , Zimmermann Sabine Dagmar , Plassard Claude 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Through a mutualistic relationship with woody plant roots, ectomycorrhizal fungi provide growth‐limiting nutrients, including inorganic phosphate (Pi), to their host. Reciprocal trades occur at the Hartig net, which is the symbiotic interface of ectomycorrhizas where the two partners are symplasmically isolated. Fungal Pi must be exported to the symbiotic interface, but the proteins facilitating this transfer are unknown.

In the present study, we combined transcriptomic, microscopy, whole plant physiology, X‐ray fluorescence mapping, 32P labeling and fungal genetic approaches to unravel the role of HcPT2, a fungal Pi transporter, during the Hebeloma cylindrosporum–Pinus pinaster ectomycorrhizal association.

We localized HcPT2 in the extra‐radical hyphae and the Hartig net and demonstrated its determinant role for both the establishment of ectomycorrhizas and Pi allocation towards P. pinaster. We showed that the host plant induces HcPT2 expression and that the artificial overexpression of HcPT2 is sufficient to significantly enhance Pi export towards the central cylinder.

Together, our results reveal that HcPT2 plays an important role in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, affecting both Pi influx in the mycelium and efflux towards roots under the control of P. pinaster.