bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-order harmonic generation with a single-color mid-infrared laser field by frequency-chirping
Authors: Wang Yunhui , Song Dandan , Zuo Qiang , Wu Hong , Yang Zhihong 
Published: May 2019

By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for helium atoms in a single mid-infrared laser field, we explore the frequency-chirping effect of laser field on high-order harmonic and isolated attosecond pulse generation. One or two ultrabroad supercontinuum harmonic plateaus can be controlled through modulating the laser field frequency by a small time-dependent signal. Under the best chirping condition, an ultrashort 2.2 as pulse can be obtained by Fourier transformation with the bandwidth of 782 eV. Furthermore, we explain the harmonic generation physical mechanisms by classical ionizing and returning energy maps and time–frequency analyzes.
Rational Targeting of Cooperating Layers of the Epigenome Yields Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy against AML
Authors: Duy Cihangir , Teater Matt , Garrett-Bakelman Francine E. , Lee Tak C. , Meydan Cem , Glass Jacob L. , Li Meng , Hellmuth Johannes C. , Mohammad Helai P. , Smitheman Kimberly N. , Shih Alan H. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Tallman Martin S. , Guzman Monica L. , Muench David , Grimes H. Leighton , Roboz Gail J. , Kruger Ryan G. , Creasy Caretha L. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Levine Ross L. , Carroll Martin , Melnick Ari M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Disruption of epigenetic regulation is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but epigenetic therapy is complicated by the complexity of the epigenome. Herein, we developed a long-term primary AML ex vivo platform to determine whether targeting different epigenetic layers with 5-azacytidine and LSD1 inhibitors would yield improved efficacy. This combination was most effective in TET2mut AML, where it extinguished leukemia stem cells and particularly induced genes with both LSD1-bound enhancers and cytosine-methylated promoters. Functional studies indicated that derepression of genes such as GATA2 contributes to drug efficacy. Mechanistically, combination therapy increased enhancer–promoter looping and chromatin-activating marks at the GATA2 locus. CRISPRi of the LSD1-bound enhancer in patient-derived TET2mut AML was associated with dampening of therapeutic GATA2 induction. TET2 knockdown in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells induced loss of enhancer 5-hydroxymethylation and facilitated LSD1-mediated enhancer inactivation. Our data provide a basis for rational targeting of cooperating aberrant promoter and enhancer epigenetic marks driven by mutant epigenetic modifiers.

Significance:
Somatic mutations of genes encoding epigenetic modifiers are a hallmark of AML and potentially disrupt many components of the epigenome. Our study targets two different epigenetic layers at promoters and enhancers that cooperate to aberrant gene silencing, downstream of the actions of a mutant epigenetic regulator.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813
Two new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
Authors: ZHAO XIAOCHU , YAO ZHIYUAN , SONG YANG , LI SHUQIANG 
Published: May 2019

Two new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described based on material collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China: Belisana menghai Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female) and Belisana xishuangbanna Yao & Li sp. nov. (male), bringing the total Chinese Belisana fauna to 41 species. The DNA barcode COI of B. menghai Yao & Li sp. nov. is documented. All material studied is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.
Active Learning: Lessons From Women With Type 2 Diabetes in a Walking Program
Authors: Fritschi Cynthia , Martyn-Nemeth Pamela , Zhu Bingqian , Jung Kim Min 
Published: May 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and preferences of sedentary women with type 2 diabetes who had recently completed a pilot 12-week supervised treadmill walking study. Methods A qualitative design was used. Content analysis was used to assess major themes and subthemes embedded within participants’ responses to open-ended questions about their experiences of participating in a walking program. Women were recruited from a database of patients willing to be contacted for research studies. Results Seven inner-city women with type 2 diabetes (71% African American, age 62 ± 4.2 years, A1C 6.8% ± 1.3, years since diagnosis 6.6 ± 3.4 years) completed the postprogram interview. Only 3 of the 7 women had ever received any diabetes education. Four major themes emerged: (1) supportive environment, (2) personal commitment: overcoming ambivalence, (3) learning, and (4) outcomes, and 8 subthemes emerged. A supportive environment (encouraging, person centered, social, and structured) in combination with actively learning about diabetes and self-monitoring the effects of exercise seemed to be associated with personal commitment and confidence in participating in a walking program. Conclusions Active/experiential learning in a supportive environment may enhance both personal diabetes knowledge and behaviors among women with little diabetes education and low activity levels.
A review of goal setting theories relevant to goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Pritchard-Wiart Lesley , Thompson-Hodgetts Sandra , McKillop Ashley B 
Published: May 2019

Background: Goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation is influenced by shifting parent, sibling, caregiver, and child roles over time and evolving child developmental capacity for participation in the process. A theoretical and evidence-informed approach to goal setting, specific to paediatrics, would provide a framework for goal setting in practice and facilitate systematic evaluation of the effects of goal-setting processes on child and family outcomes. Objective: To provide an overview of relevant goal-setting theories and their implications for paediatric rehabilitation. Methods: Prevalent theories were identified from relevant rehabilitation, motivation, behaviour change, and goal-setting literature. Implications for goal setting in paediatrics are summarized according to goal-setting and action-planning phases: (1) preparation, (2) formulation of goals, (3) formulation of action plan, (4) coping planning, and (5) follow up. Results: Social cognitive theory, self-determination theory, Health Action Process Approach, Mastery Motivation, and goal-setting theory are reviewed. Examples of implications for goal setting include, sharing information with families about the purpose of goal setting; identifying goals that are specific, proximal, challenging, and important to the child; and addressing self-efficacy. Conclusion: The theories reviewed have clear implications for paediatric rehabilitation research and practice. They address considerations not typically discussed in adult rehabilitation such as observing children to obtain information about meaningful goals when they are unable to communicate them directly and the importance of establishing flexible processes that will accommodate changing family roles over time. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of goal-setting processes and strategies on outcomes in paediatric rehabilitation.
Thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis as first clinical presentation of pancreatic cancer metastatic to the penis
Authors: Virdis Matteo , Bonifacio Cristiana , Brambilla Tatiana , Capretti Giovanni , De Nittis Pasquale , Uccelli Fara , Zerbi Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Though metastatic disease is a common presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, localization to the penis is an extremely rare event despite its abundant vascularization. Primary cancers responsible for penile metastases usually occur in prostate and rectum and are often associated with disseminated malignancy and poor prognosis. Case description: A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the tail of the pancreas after the onset of thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis; pubis ultrasound and total body computed tomography scan were negative for metastases at other sites. The patient was submitted to distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy for a pT3 N1 G4 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Three weeks after discharge, the patient returned to the outpatient clinic complaining of a painful permanent turgidity of the penis shaft. Ultrasound revealed a complete replacement of the cavernosal bodies by multiple nodular masses and a penile biopsy confirmed metastases from the primary pancreatic cancer. The patient started chemotherapy with NAB-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, with excellent control of symptoms. However, the disease progressed to bone and liver and the patient died 9 months after surgery. Conclusions: Penile localization is an extremely rare event and a standard of care has not been elaborated. Treatments are palliative and mainly aimed at pain relief and can comprise chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Identification of venous thrombosis as an early sign of involvement could potentially offer patients an earlier diagnosis and a better treatment option.
Equity-linked executive compensation, hedging and foreign exchange exposure: Australian evidence
Authors: Loriot Blake , Hutson Elaine , Au Yong Hue Hwa 
Published: May 2019

Using a sample of 268 Australian firms over the period 2009–2014, we examine the relation between the equity-linked compensation (shares and options) of Australian executives – CEOs, CFOs and directors – and firms’ foreign exchange hedging programmes. We find that the greater the number of shares held by CEOs, the higher its exposure to exchange rate movements. While this suggests that remuneration in the form of shares has a critical downside, we also find evidence for a more positive and important role in foreign exchange risk management for the share- and option-related incentives provided to CFOs. JEL Classification: G32, G15, F31
Nutrition and the Use of Supplements in Women During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Moran-Lev Hadar , Bauer Smadar , Farhi Adir , Nehama Haim , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Mandel Dror , Lubetzky Ronit 
Published: May 2019

Objective: A healthy diet during pregnancy is essential to ensure optimal fetal growth and development. Women’s awareness of dietary guidelines may assist them in following a healthy diet for themselves and their unborn babies. The Institute of Medicine and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology have published recommendations concerning the nutrition of pregnant/nursing women. The Israeli Ministry of Health has adopted these recommendations in revised guidelines published in 2015. The aim of this study was to describe the dietary habits among pregnant/nursing women in Israel and to assess the correlation between socioeconomic parameters and adherence to those guidelines. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey by interviewing pregnant/lactating women attending family health centers (FHC) in different areas of Tel Aviv, Israel. Results: One-half of the 239 recruited women reported having been informed of the guidelines for dietary changes during and after pregnancy, 30% by a professional source. Women in a lower socioeconomic status (SES) consumed more undercooked (rare) beef, raw fish, and caffeine compared to women in a higher SES (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). The former was less compliant with the recommendation for folic acid supplementation (155 [(88.1]) vs 47 [(77]), P = 0.05) and less likely to use other dietary supplements during pregnancy, e.g., multivitamins and omega 3, than the latter (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: This survey revealed deficiencies in adherence to the implementation of medical guidelines to nutrition during and after pregnancy, as well as gaps between women of different SESs, mostly in the use of dietary supplements.
Transobturator tape and mini-sling methods in stress urinary incontinence: Results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Emami Maryam , Momtazan Abdolreza , Maghsoudi Robab , Ameli Mojtaba , Kashi Amirhosein , Amirpoor Minoo , Karimi Sara 
Published: May 2019

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is one of the most common types of incontinence in premenopausal women, accounting for almost 50% of such cases. Mid-urethral slings are currently the most widely used surgical method for stress urinary incontinence. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy, complications, urodynamic changes and the sexual function status between mini-sling surgery and transobturator tape to help us select the best method in such patients. Method: In this randomized controlled trial, 80 cases were studied and randomly assigned to either the mini-sling or transobturator tape group (n = 40). A full medical history was taken and the Q.tip and cough tests were performed for each patient to record their urinary incontinence and hypermobility. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound study was requested by specifying PVR and urodynamic testing. The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-6 was filled by the patients and the Female Sexual Functioning Index questionnaire by the physician. The patients were followed-up 8 weeks after discharge by urodynamic tests, ultrasound study, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire test. Results: The mean age, body mass index, and parity were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean surgical time, amount of bleeding, hospitalization period, and pain index were significantly less in the mini-sling group. The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire and Female Sexual Functioning Index indices before and after surgery showed no significant difference between the two groups. The difference in urodynamic test parameters was also insignificant. Conclusion: In the mini-sling method which is a less invasive method compared to transobturator tape, the intraoperative bleeding, surgical time, hospitalization period, pain, and surgical complications were far less while its efficacy was similar to transobturator tape; therefore, it is recommended in treating stress urinary incontinence among women.
Explaining workers’ role in illegitimate wage underreporting practice: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Franić Josip 
Published: May 2019

Despite substantial endeavours of international institutions and governments around the world to promote decent work, recent years have witnessed resurgence of non-standard and precarious labour practices. This article scrutinises one of the most recently described types of non-standard work, which is known as quasi-formal or under-declared employment. Companies relying on this illegitimate strategy, which is particularly prevalent in Europe, deliberately misreport the take-home pay of their formally employed workers. Alongside the officially declared wage, a quasi-formal worker thus receives an additional cash-in-hand payment which remains untaxed. To explore why so many European Union workers accept quasi-formal jobs in spite of obvious limitations, we report the evidence from interviews with 616 workers who were surveyed within the Special Eurobarometer 284/Wave 67.3. A two-level cumulative logistic regression emphasises tax morale and the exact function of the cash-in-hand payment as the key factors in this respect. On the other hand, neither perceived detection risk nor expected penalties are found to affect the readiness of quasi-formal workers to keep obeying an illegitimate arrangement with their employer. These findings therefore endorse recent studies on the matter, which illuminate low trust in the state and fellow citizens as the main reason for many workers to voluntarily misreport their income.JEL Codes: E26, H26, J46
Associations Among End-of-Life Discussions, Health-Care Utilization, and Costs in Persons With Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Starr Lauren T. , Ulrich Connie M. , Corey Kristin L. , Meghani Salimah H. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care is associated with lower quality of life and greater regret about treatment decisions. Higher EOL costs are also associated with lower quality EOL care. Advance care planning and goals-of-care conversations (“EOL discussions”) may influence EOL health-care utilization and costs among persons with cancer. Objective: To describe associations among EOL discussions, health-care utilization and place of death, and costs in persons with advanced cancer and explore variation in study measures. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. Twenty quantitative studies published between January 2012 and January 2019 were included. Results: End-of-life discussions are associated with lower health-care costs in the last 30 days of life (median US$1048 vs US$23482; P < .001); lower likelihood of acute care at EOL (odds ratio [(OR] ranging 0.43-0.69); lower likelihood of intensive care at EOL (ORs ranging 0.26-0.68); lower odds of chemotherapy near death (ORs 0.41, 0.57); lower odds of emergency department use and shorter length of hospital stay; greater use of hospice (ORs ranging 1.79 to 6.88); and greater likelihood of death outside the hospital. Earlier EOL discussions (30+ days before death) are more strongly associated with less aggressive care outcomes than conversations occurring near death. Conclusions: End-of-life discussions are associated with less aggressive, less costly EOL care. Clinicians should initiate these discussions with patients having cancer earlier to better align care with preferences.
Efficacy and safety of the ab interno gelatin stent in severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared to non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma at 6 months
Authors: Dar Nimrod , Sharon Tal , Hecht Idan , Kalev-Landoy Maya , Burgansky-Eliash Zvia 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of the XEN45 Gel Stent surgery between patients with and without severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center, comparative chart review, records of 24 eyes of 23 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and 24 eyes of 23 patients with non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with severe glaucoma, defined as uncontrolled intraocular pressure on maximally tolerated medical therapy, were reviewed. All patients were treated with XEN45 Gel Stent surgery, in either a standalone procedure (84.8%) or combined with phacoemulsification (15.2%). Mean intraocular pressure, mean number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications, change in best-corrected visual acuity and needling or rescue surgery rates were assessed. Success was defined as at least 20% decrease in baseline intraocular pressure among treatment-free patients. Results: Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. At 6 months, intraocular pressure in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group decreased by 32% (24.3 ± 9 mmHg–14.8 ± 7 mmHg, p < 0.001), with comparable decrease in intraocular pressure in the non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group (22.6 ± 7 mmHg–16.7 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.011). Similar rates of patients required topical anti-glaucoma therapy (29% vs 22%, p = 0.559), needling (54% vs 37%, p = 0.247), and rescue trabeculectomy (13% in both, p = 1.00) at the last follow-up. However, intraocular pressure decreased more in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group among treatment-free patients (–10.1 ± 8.0 mmHg vs −4.1 ± 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.043), and final intraocular pressure was lower in the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group (12.2 ± 3.5 mmHg vs 15.8 ± 5.7 mmHg, p = 0.044). Conclusions: The XEN45 Gel Stent implant demonstrated similar efficacy and safety among severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and non-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients. Greater magnitude of decreased intraocular pressure occurred among treatment-free pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients.
Ocular manifestations of intermediate cystinosis: To treat or not to treat?
Authors: Sousa-Neves Filipe , Ribeiro Ana Clara , Saraiva Eduardo , Ribeiro Lígia , Sequeira Joaquim , Varandas Rosário 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To report a case of intermediate cystinosis with an atypical presentation in which a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right over a large period of time. Methods: This is a unique case report of a patient who underwent full ophthalmologic evaluations including anterior chamber optical coherence tomography on a regular basis during a 7-year follow-up period. Results: A 30-year-old woman with photophobia was being studied by the Department of Nephrology with a suspicion of Alport syndrome. Slit-lamp examination showed iridescent deposits throughout the corneal anterior stroma and the inferior tarsal conjunctiva bilaterally. Anterior chamber optical coherence tomography showed stromal hyperreflectivity. CTNS gene was found to be positive for c.416C>T (Ser139Phe) mutation. The patient was offered oral and topical cysteamine which was refused. After a period of 5 years of follow-up, general health status remained stable, corneal disease showed no progression and photophobia complaints diminished. However, the patient was advised to start systemic and topical cysteamine because of the unknown development of the disease. Conclusion: In this reported case, a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right contrary to published evidence of active treatment of photophobia. The decision whether to treat or not to treat corneal involvement of the disease is not straightforward. Besides biomicroscopic evaluations, patients’ complaints and expectations should be taken into account.
Reconstructive Hip Prosthesis Surrounded by Allografts
Authors: Poitout D. , Gaujoux G. , O'Zoux P. , Filippi C.L. , Lempidakis M. 
Published: May 2019

Autologous grafts, unlike allogenic grafts, have an important osteogenic potential. But, as the procurement volume is limited, they do not permit bone or joint reconstruction where there has been partial or total resection as a result of either a bone tumor or post-traumatic lack of substance. For this reason, we have elected since 1976 to use fresh allogenic bone grafts and since 1981 deep-frozen allogenic grafts to rebuild the skeleton (421 cases, 1976-1990). Deep-freezing alone allows the preservation of even large bone pieces in satisfactory conditions of sterilization. This type of preservation keeps the bone architecture in an optimal biological and biomechanical state. With the bone cells destroyed and the bone being recolonized by the host's own cells, there is no immunological risk of inadequate blood and leukocyte compatibility between donor and recipient. If the bone is to be totally or partially integrated by the skeleton within a few years, the functional value of the cartilaginous surfaces can be altered after a massive osteocartilaginous graft. At the hip therefore we prefer to use a massive prosthesis surrounded by allografts. Reconstructive hip prosthesis surrounded by deep-frozen preserved bone has several advantages: easy fixation of the muscles on the graft; close tightening of the muscles; increasing of the bone mass; rapid loading. Since 1983, 103 hips have been rebuilt with cortico-spongious allografts (femoral heads, total hemipelvis or acetabulum) associated with total hip prosthesis. To reconstruct the upper part of the femur we used a mega hip prosthesis surrounded by allograft. The reconstructive mega hip prosthesis has to have the inner shape of the femur with its two sagittal curves to permit cement less fixation at the upper part of the prosthesis which is placed into the allograft and cemented fixation of the lower part of the stem which is fixed into the receiver bone. When great precautions are taken during surgical procurement and grafting (sterility, stability, and appropriate muscular surrounding) the long-term results are excellent in 80% of cases.