bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain‐of‐function analysis of cis‐acting diversification elements in DT40 cells
Authors: Caldwell Randolph B , Braselmann Herbert , Heuer Steffen , Schötz Ulrike , Zitzelsberger Horst 
Published: April 2018

AbstractActivation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for the immunoglobulin diversification processes of somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class‐switch recombination. The targeting of AID's deamination activity is thought to be a combination of cis‐ and trans‐acting elements, but has not been fully elucidated. Deletion analysis of putative proximal cis‐regulatory motifs, while helpful, fails to identify additive versus cumulative effects, redundancy, and may create new motifs where none previously existed. In contrast, gain‐of‐function analysis can be more insightful with fewer of the same drawbacks and the output is a positive result. Here, we show five defined DNA regions of the avian Igλ locus that are sufficient to confer events of hypermutation to a target gene. In our analysis, the essential cis‐targeting elements fully reconstituted diversification of a transgene under heterologous promotion in the avian B‐cell line DT40. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge two of the five regions we report on here have not previously been described as individually having an influence on somatic hypermutation.
The function and dysfunction of memory CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity
Authors: Reading James L. , Gálvez‐Cancino Felipe , Swanton Charles , Lladser Alvaro , Peggs Karl S. , Quezada Sergio A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe generation and maintenance of CD8+ T cell memory is crucial to long‐term host survival, yet the basic tenets of CD8+ T cell immunity are still being established. Recent work has led to the discovery of tissue‐resident memory cells and refined our understanding of the transcriptional and epigenetic basis of CD8+ T cell differentiation and dysregulation. In parallel, the unprecedented clinical success of immunotherapy has galvanized an intense, global research effort to decipher and de‐repress the anti‐tumor response. However, the progress of immunotherapy is at a critical juncture, since the efficacy of immuno‐oncology agents remains confined to a fraction of patients and often fails to provide durable benefit. Unlocking the potential of immunotherapy requires the design of strategies that both induce a potent effector response and reliably forge stable, functional memory T cell pools capable of protecting from recurrence or relapse. It is therefore essential that basic and emerging concepts of memory T cell biology are rapidly and faithfully transposed to advance therapeutic development in cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights seminal and recent reports in CD8+ T cell memory and tumor immunology, and evaluates recent data from solid cancer specimens in the context of the key paradigms from preclinical models. We elucidate the potential significance of circulating effector cells poised downstream of neoantigen recognition and upstream of T cell dysfunction and propose that cells in this immunological ‘sweet spot’ may be key anti‐tumor effectors.
Parents’ acceptance and their children's choice of pet for animal‐assisted therapy (A.A.T.) in 3‐ to 12‐year‐old children in the dental operatory –A questionnaire‐based pilot study
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Yadav Tushar 
Published: April 2018

AimTo evaluate the parents’ acceptance to therapy pets, child's most favoured pet, child's choice of soft toy as compared to live pet, and child's preference of his own pet versus therapy pet.MethodsSixty‐two children of age groups 3‐6 year, 6‐9 year, and 9‐12 year were selected. The data from completed questionnaires were statistically analysed and subjected to z test, Chi‐squared test with P value<0.05 considered as significant.ResultsThe consent to the presence of pet was given by 41.47% parents of 9‐ to 12‐year‐old children, 34.15% parents of 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children and 24.39% parents of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children. Children who chose dog as their preferred pet were 56.7%; those who chose cat as their preferred pet were 44%. A majority of 3‐to 6‐year‐olds (63.15%) had dog & cat as their choice, while 6‐ to 9‐year–olds (65.21%) & 9‐ to 12‐year‐olds (40%) preferred dogs over all others. Dog was the favourite pet of 46.8% children. More percentage of children wanted pet provided by clinic.ConclusionsAnimal‐Assisted Therapy (AAT) can prove to be a good behaviour management technique if more parents are made aware and informed about AAT; dog is one of the highly recommended pets for AAT, and therapy pet should be preferred over home pet.
A highly strain and damage‐tolerant thermal barrier coating fabricated by electro‐sprayed zirconia hollow spheres
Authors: Zou Zhonghua , Xing Chen , He Limin , Shan Xiao , Luo Lirong , Zhao Xiaofeng , Guo Fangwei , Xiao Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn approach to make air plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with the enhanced strain and damage tolerance was reported, using a novel hollow spheres produced by electro‐spraying (ESP) technique. Compared with agglomerated & sintered (A&S) and hollow spherical (HOSP) yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders, the ESP powder showed a unique network microstructure and the TBCs exhibited a 2‐3 times longer thermal cycling lifetime. The splat morphology and the top coats microstructure were investigated. Some semi‐melted ESP particles were observed in the as‐sprayed top coat. The indentation coupled with the Raman mapping technique was employed to evaluate the strain and damage tolerance of the TBCs. The coatings deposited by the ESP powder show a lower in‐plane stiffness determined by three‐point bending tests. It is proposed that the superior performance is attributed to the lower amount of the short microcracks (0.5‐4 μm) with low angle (<45°) and the semi‐melted ESP particles remained in the YSZ top coat.
Structural, magnetic, electrical, and electrochemical properties of Sr–Co–Ru–O: A hybrid‐capacitor application
Authors: Altin Serdar , Bayri Ali , Demirel Serkan , Oz Erdinc , Altin Emine , Avci Sevda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of SrCo1−xRuxO3−δ nominal compositions, where x = 0.0‐1.0, using solid‐state reaction technique. XRD analysis confirms the structure of x = 0 sample as hexagonal Sr6Co5O15. As the Co ions are substituted by Ru, a two‐phase structure (hexagonal R32 and orthorhombic Pbnm) emerges up to x ≤ 0.5. As the Ru content is increased further, the hexagonal R32 phase disappears completely and an orthorhombic Pbnm phase becomes the main phase. SEM images show that grain size of the samples decreases with increasing Ru content. Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity studies indicate upon Ru substitution in the nominal SrCo1−xRuxO3−δ compounds, resistivity decreases due to appearance of metallic SrRuO3 phase. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the samples show capacitive properties upon Ru substitution. The cycle measurements of the capacitors yield promising results for potential supercapacitor applications.
Electron spin resonance of transparent alumina ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Kai Ayako , Matsuo Kouichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTransparent α‐alumina ceramics are fabricated using spark plasma sintering. Paramagnetic defects related to the optical properties of the ceramics have been investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses. An isotropic ESR signal at g = 2.003 (S = 1/2) with a linewidth of 0.5 mT is formed during sintering. The g = 2.003 signal intensity has a weak correlation with the absorbance in the visible region but does not correlate with the real in‐line transmission (RIT) at 650 nm. An ESR signal with a fine structure attributed to Fe3+ was detected in both the α‐Al2O3 starting powder and the sintered ceramic samples. The degree of c‐axis orientation of the grains has been determined using the Fe3+ signal intensity, which depends on the angle between the directions of the c‐axis and the applied magnetic field. The ESR analysis indicated that the c‐axis tends to be oriented in the direction of the sintering pressure. The degree of c‐axis orientation was found to correlate with the RIT in highly densified ceramics.
Strain effects on domain structures in ferroelectric thin films from phase‐field simulations
Authors: Lin Fang‐Yin , Cheng Xiaoxing , Chen Long‐Qing , Sinnott Susan B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStrain and applied external electric fields are known to influence domain evolution and associated ferroelectric responses in ferroelectric thin films. Here, phase‐field simulations are used to predict equilibrium domain structures and polarization‐field (P‐E) hysteresis loops of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films under a series of mismatch strains, ranging from strongly tensile to strongly compressive. In particular, the evolution of domains and the P‐E curves under different applied strains reveal the mesoscale mechanism, the appearance of in‐plane polarization during domain switching, that is responsible for a relatively small coercive field and remnant polarization. A Landau energy distribution is analyzed to better understand the domain evolution under various strain conditions. The results provide guidance for choice of mismatched strains to yield the desired P‐E hysteresis loops and the domain structures.
Objective and quantitative equilibriometric evaluation of individual locomotor behaviour in schizophrenia: Translational and clinical implications
Authors: Haralanov Svetlozar , Haralanova Evelina , Milushev Emil , Shkodrova Diana , Claussen Claus‐Frenz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPsychiatry is the only medical specialty that lacks clinically applicable biomarkers for objective evaluation of the existing pathology at a single‐patient level. On the basis of an original translational equilibriometric method for evaluation of movement patterns, we have introduced in the everyday clinical practice of psychiatry an easy‐to‐perform computerized objective quantification of the individual locomotor behaviour during execution of the Unterberger stepping test. For the last 20 years, we have gradually collected a large database of more than 1000 schizophrenic patients, their relatives, and matched psychiatric, neurological, and healthy controls via cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigations. Comparative analyses revealed transdiagnostic locomotor similarities among schizophrenic patients, high‐risk schizotaxic individuals, and neurological patients with multiple sclerosis and cerebellar ataxia, thus suggesting common underlying brain mechanisms. In parallel, intradiagnostic dissimilarities were revealed, which allow to separate out subclinical locomotor subgroups within the diagnostic categories. Prototypical qualitative (dysmetric and ataxic) locomotor abnormalities in schizophrenic patients were differentiated from 2 atypical quantitative ones, manifested as either hypolocomotion or hyperlocomotion. Theoretical analyses suggested that these 3 subtypes of locomotor abnormalities could be conceived as objectively measurable biomarkers of 3 schizophrenic subgroups with dissimilar brain mechanisms, which require different treatment strategies. Analogies with the prominent role of locomotor measures in some well‐known animal models of mental disorders advocate for a promising objective translational research in the so far over‐subjective field of psychiatry. Distinctions among prototypical, atypical, and diagnostic biomarkers, as well as between neuromotor and psychomotor locomotor abnormalities, are discussed. Conclusions are drawn about the translational and clinical implications of the new approach and its future perspectives.
Comparative study of Tempo BC automated MPN for the enumeration of Bacillus cereus group in food
Authors: Tallent Sandra M. , Hait Jennifer Michelle , Ferguson Martine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare an automated most probable number (MPN) assay for the enumeration of Bacillus cereus group to the standard plate method using a variety of naturally contaminated and spiked food products. Foods evaluated in this study included dry products whey protein, infant formula, pancake mix, potato mix, rice, pasta in addition to liquid milk and probiotic drink. Spore preparations using Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis were used to inoculate food at three levels. The spiked food samples were diluted and inoculated either to standard plating media or to one of two specific cards to confirm the growth. Comparison of the results indicated that automated system approximated the inoculation level better than standard plating.Practical applicationsThe Bacillus card estimates the inoculation level closer than the spread plates for enumeration from food products. The use of the automated system would decrease the amount of time necessary for laboratory methods and decrease the time for the availability of enumeration results from 5 days to 24 hr thus confirming the efficiency of the automated system. Laboratory response time will improve with automation reducing the time for detection of B. cereus to 24 hr, especially critical for evaluation of perishable foods and outbreak events.
Underreporting of Fall Injuries of Older Adults: Implications for Wellness Visit Fall Risk Screening
Authors: Hoffman Geoffrey J. , Ha Jinkyung , Alexander Neil B. , Langa Kenneth M. , Tinetti Mary , Min Lillian C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of and factors affecting the accuracy of self‐reported fall‐related injuries (SFRIs) with those of administratively obtained FRIs (AFRIs).DesignRetrospective observational studySettingUnited StatesParticipantsFee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older (N=47,215).MeasurementsWe used 24‐month self‐report recall data from 2000–2012 Health and Retirement Study data to identify SFRIs and linked inpatient, outpatient, and ambulatory Medicare data to identify AFRIs. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, with AFRIs defined using the University of California at Los Angeles/RAND algorithm as the criterion standard. Logistic regression models were used to identify sociodemographic and health predictors of sensitivity.ResultsOverall sensitivity and specificity were 28% and 92%. Sensitivity was greater for the oldest adults (38%), women (34%), those with more functional limitations (47%), and those with a prior fall (38%). In adjusted results, several participant factors (being female, being white, poor functional status, depression, prior falls) were modestly associated with better sensitivity and specificity. Injury severity (requiring hospital care) most substantively improved SFRI sensitivity (73%).ConclusionAn overwhelming 72% of individuals who received Medicare‐reimbursed health care for FRIs failed to report a fall injury when asked. Future efforts to address underreporting in primary care of nonwhite and healthier older adults are critical to improve preventive efforts. Redesigned questions—for example, that address stigma of attributing injury to falling—may improve sensitivity.
Maternal obesity reprograms offspring's executive brain centers in a sex‐specific manner?
Authors: Plucińska Kaja , Barger Steven W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis editorial highlights an article by McKee and colleagues in the current issue of Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors report epigenetic changes linked to one‐carbon metabolism in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of murine offspring from dams fed high‐fat diet to mimic maternal obesity. The group found that high‐fat diet feeding in utero increases weight gain in offspring and dynamically alters DNA methylation in the PFC of male but not female brains. These epigenetic marks were associated with a shift in brain one‐carbon metabolism (folate and methionine) intermediates and were normalized by early‐life methyl‐donor supplementation in a sex‐specific manner.
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Distribution of extracellular matrix molecules in human uterine tubes during the menstrual cycle: a histological and immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Godoy‐Guzmán Carlos , Nuñez Claudio , Orihuela Pedro , Campos Antonio , Carriel Víctor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe uterine tube (UT) is an important and complex organ of the women's reproductive system. In general, the anatomy and basic histology of this organ are well‐known. However, the composition and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the UT is still poorly understood. The ECM is a complex supramolecular material produced by cells which is commonly restricted to the basement membrane and interstitial spaces. ECM molecules play not only a structural role, they are also important for cell growth, survival and differentiation in all tissues. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the deposition and distribution of type I and III collagens and proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and versican) in human UT during the follicular and luteal phases by using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Our results showed a broad synthesis of collagens (I and III) in the stroma of the UT. The analysis by regions showed, in the mucosa, a specific distribution of versican and fibromodulin in the epithelial surface, whereas decorin and fibromodulin were observed in the lamina propria. Versican and decorin were found in the stroma of the muscular layer, whereas all studied proteoglycans were identified in the serosa. Curiously, biglycan was restricted to the wall of the blood vessels of the serosa and muscular layers. Furthermore, there was an immunoreaction for collagens, decorin, versican and fibromodulin in the UT peripheral nerves. The differential distribution of these ECM molecules in the different layers of the UT could be related to specific structural and/or biomechanical functions needed for the oviductal transport, successful fertilization and early embryogenesis. However, further molecular studies under physiological and pathological conditions are still needed to elucidate the specific role of each molecule in the human UT.
Resin‐embedded anatomical cross‐sections as a teaching adjunct for medical curricula: is this technique an alternative to potting and plastination?
Authors: Chisholm Fraser , Varsou Ourania 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith an ever‐expanding use of cross‐sectional imaging for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, there has also been an increase in the need for exposure to such radiological and anatomical views at the undergraduate and postgraduate level to allow for early familiarisation with the relevant anatomy. Cadaveric cross‐sections offer an excellent link between the two‐dimensional radiological images and the three‐dimensional anatomical structures. For such cross‐sections to be useful and informative within educational settings, they need to be: (i) safe for students and trainees to handle and (ii) robust enough to withstand repeated handling; as well as (iii) displaying anatomy clearly and accurately. There are various ways in which cross‐sections can be prepared and presented; plastinated, potted, vacuum‐sealed or unmounted. Each of these approaches has advantages and disadvantages in terms of technical complexity, cost and quality. As an alternative to the above methods and their limitations, we propose the presentation of cadaveric cross‐sections in a transparent polyester resin. This technique has been used extensively in craft and artistic industries, yet it is not publicised in anatomy teaching settings. The sections were layered in polyester resin contained within a mould. The set resin required finishing by sanding and polishing. The final cross‐sections were safe to handle, durable and maintained excellent anatomical relationships of the contained structures. The transparency of the set resin was water‐clear and did not obstruct the visibility of the anatomy. The cost of the process was found to be significantly lower, requiring less infrastructure when compared with alternative methods. The following trivial technical difficulties were noted during the resin‐embedding process: trapped air causing organs to float; retained water in the anatomical specimens creating bubbles and discoloration; and microbubbles emerging from the solution affecting the finished surface. However, solutions to these minor limitations have been discussed within the paper with the aim of future proofing this technique. The sections have been used in undergraduate medical teaching for 4 years and they have shown no signs of degradation or discoloration. We believe that this method is a viable and cost‐effective alternative to other approaches of displaying cross‐sectional cadaveric material and will help students and trainees bridge the gap between the traditional three‐dimensional anatomy and two‐dimensional images.
Organizational Controls and Performance Outcomes: A Meta‐Analytic Assessment and Extension
Authors: Sihag Vikrant , Rijsdijk Serge A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractManaging employees and external partners effectively has been a primary concern for organizations and their managers. Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of organizational controls in a wide variety of contexts. Using organizational controls literature that discriminates among outcome, behaviour, and clan control, this study synthesizes the research on the effectiveness of these controls. In particular, the study examines 23,839 organizational controls–performance relationships from 120 independent samples, and tests several new hypotheses using advanced meta‐analytic methods. The results indicate that outcome, behaviour, and clan controls generally enhance performance, with each control having a distinct performance effect. Our analysis also demonstrates that controls function as complements to one another. This finding indicates that one form of control increases the effectiveness of other forms of control. We also examine the organizational controls–performance relationships across various contexts, and our results show that they vary according to the type of task. The paper concludes with a discussion on the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.
Delayed‐onset muscle soreness in human masticatory muscles increases inhibitory jaw reflex responses
Authors: Koutris M. , Türker K. S. , van Selms M. K. A. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe effects of masticatory muscles’ overloading on jaw‐motor control are not yet fully clarified. Therefore, it was tested whether eccentric and concentric exercises of the human masticatory muscles would influence inhibitory jaw reflex responses. Eleven participants (6 males, 5 females) performed 6, 5‐minutes bouts of eccentric‐concentric contractions. Before, immediately after, 24 hours, 48 hours and 1 week afterwards, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for jaw muscle fatigue and pain, maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and inhibitory jaw reflexes were recorded. Reflex data were analysed with the cumulative sum control chart error box method. Immediate and delayed masticatory muscle fatigue and pain were provoked. Further, 24 hours after the exercises, MVBF tended to decrease (P = .056), suggesting that delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was provoked in the masticatory muscles. In addition, the inhibitory jaw reflex showed a delayed increase in size 24 hours after the exercise (P < .05). In conclusion, DOMS provoked in the masticatory muscles alters jaw motor control by inducing a delayed increase in the size of the inhibitory jaw reflex.