bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Blind Eye Within: Jacqueline de Romilly on Seeing and Aging
Authors: Parca Maryline G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Jacqueline de Romilly (1913–2010), one of the preeminent figures of classical philology in France during the 20th century, is best known for her books on 5th-century Athenian political and cultural history. She may also be remembered as the second woman (after Marguerite Yourcenar) to have been elected to the Académie française (1988) as one of its “Immortals.” Less familiar to her readers are the biographical works she wrote late in life, among them Les roses de la solitude (2006), Les revelations de la mémoire (2009), and Jeanne (2011). These provide a window on her joys and on her regrets at having lived her life as a classicist.
In Les roses de la solitude in particular, de Romilly, nearly blind and confined in the study and sitting room of the Paris apartment where she lived most of her adult life, gazes into her past, arrested by the sight of objects which have long figured in her daily life. Her heightened sense of mortality and near blindness focus the recollection of her past, personal and professional, around those objects and prompt reflections on a life both nourished and diminished by an uncompromising commitment to the classics.
The Future of SeaWorld
Authors: Javanaud Katie , Sanghani Harshmeena , Young Grace C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
When SeaWorld was founded in 1959, the effects of captivity on cetaceans were not well understood. The 2013 release of Blackfish, however, brought modern research and ethics into public light. While some animal activists may rejoice in there being no future for SeaWorld, we argue that SeaWorld has an opportunity to reform itself and the greater “animal entertainment” industry by replacing captive animal shows with virtual and artificial reality. SeaWorld has already stopped breeding orcas and has committed to ending orca shows. We argue it should now also commit to the end of other captive animal (e.g., seal) shows and we believe the proposed technological shifts could make this feasible.
The Case for Ethical Fur: Is In Vitro Fur a Viable Alternative?
Authors: Gambrell Rivers , Javanaud Katie , Sanghani Harshmeena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It is currently estimated that more than 1 billion animals are killed for the fur industry every year. This industry is estimated to be valued in the region of $40 billion. This indicates both that there is a moral imperative and an economic opportunity to explore alternatives to conventional fur. While faux fur is currently available on the market, its production is associated with environmentally destructive practices. The development of stem cell technologies provides an exciting new avenue to explore. Specifically, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells may provide a means of growing fur in a laboratory setting. Here we outline the proposed technology and methods. We consider and respond to a number of potential moral objections against pursuing this innovative possibility, arguing that the benefits such technology could bring to animals in the fur industry are too great to be ignored.
Cat Wars: The Devastating Consequences of a Dangerous Book
Authors: Schaffner Joan E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cat Wars is a dangerous book that declares war on all free-roaming cats. Filled with hyperbole and exaggerated statistics, the book argues that cats are a danger to humans, birds, and other free-living animals and should be eradicated from the landscape—a devastating, expensive, inhumane, and useless result. This review exposes the flaws in the authors’ analysis and ethical approach and redirects the dialogue toward an ethic that protects all animals. Compassionate conservationism promotes the use of nonlethal management strategies to protect individual birds and other animals while compassionately reducing the number of free-roaming cats.
Application of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Coupled with a Diode Array Detector (CZE-DAD) for Simultaneous Analysis of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine
Authors: Ragab Marwa A A , Abdel-Hay Mohamed H , Ahmed Hytham M , Mohyeldin Sara M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: A validated method based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with a diode array detector (CZE-DAD) was investigatedfor analyzing binary mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) andphenylephrine (PHE) in their bulk and combined dosage form. Objective: This binary mixture is a challenging one as IBU is acidic and PHEis alkaline, which may affect their simultaneous analysis using CZE. The literature lacks any CZE report for IBU and PHE simultaneous analysis. Methods: Fused silica capillary (85 cm × 75 μm id) was used, and the electrolyte was a 50 mM borate buffer adjusted to pH 11 with 0.5 M NaOH. Results: The concentration ranges were 5–200 and 5–100 μg/mL for IBU and PHE, respectively, using CZE. High efficiency was achieved (N &gt; 92990). Reasonable migration time (tm) was attained (tm&lt; 8.5 min). Conclusions: Although the results obtained by the proposed CZE method and reported HPLC method were statistically comparable, the proposed method showed lower linearity ranges, higher efficiency, and a more reasonable run time. Highlights: CZE-DAD was used for the analysis of IBU and PHE in bulk and tablets, as no report was foundfor their determination using CZE. Binary mixture is challenging due to differences in chemical and physical properties. A detailed discussion of electrophoretic parameters optimization is included. Confirmation of peak purity was attained using DAD.
CO2 Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil of Jordanian Rosemary
Authors: Allawzi Mamdouh , Allaboun Hussein , Almasri Atheer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: Experimental investigation of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of active ingredients from rosemary herb has been performed. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a solvent with ethanol as a trapping agent. This work showed that the SFE can be an exceptional alternative to the use of chemical solvents. Objective: The effect of temperature and pressure on the extraction process was investigated to increase the yield of the extracted essential components. Methods: The types of extracted compounds from rosemary were specified and analyzed using GC-MS. Results: The results indicated that several essential active ingredient compounds were extracted. Furthermore, the pressure affects the extraction, as the composition ofsome compounds increases with a pressure increase. Conclusions: SFE can be used to extract valuable active ingredients from rosemary. Two process parameters were investigated, namely, pressure and temperature, which indicate that SFE is aselective process for the production of certain constituents. Highlights: Some of themain components of the essential oil of Jordanianrosemary obtained in this study have important applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Forinstance, α-pinene is one of the main raw compounds used in the perfume industry.
Development of an easy-to-handle murine model for the characterization of radiation-induced gross and molecular changes in skin
Authors: Chang Hsien Pin , Cho Jae Ho , Lee Won Jai , Roh Hyun , Lee Dong Won 
Published: September 2018

Background Radiation-induced skin injury is a dose-limiting complication of radiotherapy. To investigate this problem and to develop a framework for making decisions on treatment and dose prescription, a murine model of radiation-induced skin injury was developed.
Methods The dorsal skin of the mice was isolated, and irradiation was applied at single doses of 15, 30, and 50 Gy. The mice were followed for 12 weeks with serial photography and laser Doppler analysis. Sequential skin biopsy samples were obtained and subjected to a histological analysis, immunostaining against transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Western blotting with Wnt-3 and β-catenin. Increases in the levels of TGF-β, Wnt, and β-catenin were detected after irradiation.
Results All tested radiation doses caused progressive dermal thickening and fibrosis. The cause of this process, however, may not be radiation alone, as the natural course of wound healing may elicit a similar response. The latent appearance of molecular and histological markers that induce fibrosis in the 15 Gy group without causing apparent gross skin injuries indicates that 15 Gy is an appropriate dose for characterizing the effects of chronic irradiation alone. Thus, this model best mimics the patterns of injury that occur in human subjects.
Conclusions This animal model can be used to elucidate the gross and molecular changes that occur in radiation-induced skin injury and provides an effective platform for studying this adverse effect without complicating the process of wound healing.
Location of the umbilicus in Korean women and its changes after breast reconstruction with an ipsilateral pedicled rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Oh Sangho , Jeon Hyojin , Son Daegu 
Published: September 2018

Background The umbilicus makes an important contribution to the natural appearance of the abdomen. To date, studies on its position in Korean women are lacking, and no standards have been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of umbilicus in Korean women and to review changes in its position after ipsilateral pedicled rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (IP-RAM) flap.
Methods This research consisted of two studies. In first study, 100 females who visited the emergency department with gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2011 were included. In second study, 40 women who underwent IP-RAM flap in the same period were included. Using abdominal computed tomography, we measured the distance between xiphoid process and umbilicus, represented by value a, and the distance between umbilicus and symphysis pubis, represented by value b. Thus, the location of the umbilicus was represented by the ratio a/b. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and paired t-test.
Results In study 1, the mean value of a/b was 1.07. Pearson correlation test revealed a significant correlation between age and a/b. In study 2, the mean value of a/b was 1.16 in preoperative measurements and 1.01 in postoperative measurements. The paired t-test showed a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements, indicating cephalic migration of the umbilicus after surgery.
Conclusions The natural position of the umbilicus showed caudal migration with aging. Additionally, in a comparison of preoperative and postoperative measurements in patients who underwent IP-RAM flap, cephalic migration of the umbilicus was observed after surgery.
Perspectives of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis on Drug Treatment
Authors: Lynd Larry D. , Henrich Natalie J. , Hategeka Celestin , Marra Carlo A. , Mittmann Nicole , Evans Charity , Traboulsee Anthony L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Patients experience multiple sclerosis (MS) differently based on their disease type and other factors. This study aimed to explore the relative importance that patients with MS place on various attributes of MS drug therapies and to elucidate these patients' preferences regarding treatment characteristics such as administration, potential benefits, and side effects of the therapies.

Methods:
Focus groups were conducted in Vancouver, Canada, with 23 adult patients with MS. Participants were interviewed in three groups based on disease category and MS treatment experience: treatment-naive, non–treatment-naive relapsing-remitting and non–treatment-naive progressive MS.

Results:
Overall, the most important characteristics of MS drugs were effectiveness and side effects. As such, there is hesitancy about trying new-to-market drugs because the risks, benefits, and costs may not be well known. Participants valued stability in their treatment and generally did not want to take on the additional risk of trying a new drug if they felt that their current medication was providing benefit. Convenience and method of administration were secondary considerations that would generally be valued only if expected risks and benefits were considered equal or superior.

Conclusions:
This qualitative study shows that patients consider the impact and likelihood of benefits and side effects first and foremost when making drug treatment decisions and that other factors, such as convenience and method of administration, are of secondary concern.
Spatial and temporal variations of aridity shape dung beetle assemblages towards the Sahara desert
Authors: deCastro-Arrazola Indradatta , Hortal Joaquín , Moretti Marco , Sánchez-Piñero Francisco 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAssemblage responses to environmental gradients are key to understand the general principles behind the assembly and functioning of communities. The spatially and temporally uneven distribution of water availability in drylands creates strong aridity gradients. While the effects of spatial variations of aridity are relatively well known, the influence of the highly-unpredictable seasonal and inter-annual precipitations on dryland communities has been seldom addressed.AimsHere, we study the seasonal and inter-annual responses of dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) communities to the variations of water availability along a semiarid region of the Mediterranean.MethodsWe surveyed a 400 km linear transect along a strong aridity gradient from the Mediterranean coast to the Sahara (Eastern Morocco), during four sampling campaigns: two in the wet season and two in the dry season. We measured species richness, abundance and evenness. Variations in community composition between sites, seasons and years were assessed through beta diversity partitioning of dissimiliarity metrics based on species occurrences and abundances. The effects of climate, soil, vegetation and dung availability were evaluated using Spearman-rank correlations, general linear regressions and partial least-squares generalized linear regressions for community structure, and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, Permutational Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) and distance-based RDA variation partitioning for compositional variations.ResultsDung beetle abundance and species richness showed large seasonal variations, but remained relatively similar between years. Indeed, aridity and its interaction with season and year were the strongest correlates of variations in species richness and composition. Increasing aridity resulted in decreasing species richness and an ordered replacement of species, namely the substitution of the Mediterranean fauna by desert assemblages dominated by saprophagous and generalist species both in space towards the Sahara and in the dry season.DiscussionOur study shows that aridity determines composition in dung beetle communities, filtering species both in space and time. Besides the expected decrease in species richness, such environmental filtering promotes a shift towards generalist and saprophagous species in arid conditions, probably related to changes in resource quality along the transect and through the year. Our results highlight the importance of considering the effects of the highly-unpredictable seasonal and inter-annual variations in precipitation when studying dryland communities.
σ‐Aromaticity in a Fully Unsaturated Ring
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Liu Xin , Hao Yulei , Chen Hongjiang , Su Peifeng , Wu Wei , Zhu Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAromaticity is one of the most fundamental and fascinating chemical topics, attracting both experimental and theoretical chemists owing to its many manifestations. Both σ‐ and π‐aromaticity can be classified depending on the character of the cyclic electron delocalization. In general, σ‐aromaticity stabilizes fully saturated rings with σ‐electron delocalization whereas the traditional π‐aromaticity describes the π‐conjugation in fully unsaturated rings. Here, we demonstrate a strong correlation between nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values and extra cyclic resonance energies (ECREs), which are used to evaluate the σ‐aromaticity in an unsaturated three‐membered ring (3MR) of cyclopropene, which were computed by molecular orbital (MO) theory and valence bond (VB) theory, respectively. Further study shows that the fully unsaturated ring in methylenecyclopropene and its metallic analogy is σ‐aromatic. Our findings revolutionize the fundamental knowledge of the concept of σ‐aromaticity, thus opening an avenue to design σ‐aromaticity in other fully unsaturated systems, which are traditionally reserved as the domain of π‐aromaticity.
Paclitaxel‐eluting balloon versus everolimus‐eluting stent in patients with diabetes mellitus and in‐stent restenosis: Insights from the randomized DARE trial
Authors: Claessen Bimmer E. , Henriques José P. S. , Vendrik Jeroen , Boerlage‐van Dijk Kirsten , van der Schaaf René J. , Meuwissen Martijn , van Royen Niels , Gosselink A. T. Marcel , van Wely Marleen H. , Dirkali Atilla , Arkenbout E. Karin , Piek Jan. J. , Baan Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relative performance of treatment with a paclitaxel‐eluting balloon (PEB) compared with an everolimus‐eluting stent (EES) for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).BackgroundISR remains a challenge in contemporary clinical practice, particularly in patients with DM.MethodsIn the multicenter randomized DARE trial, patients with BMS or DES ISR were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to treatment with a PEB or an EES. Patients underwent angiographic follow‐up after 6 months. For the purpose of this analysis, the relative performance of PEB versus EES in diabetic patients was investigated.ResultsOf 278 patients enrolled in DARE, 88 (32%) had DM, of whom 46 were randomized to EES and 42 to PEB treatment. Of patients with DM, 48 (55%) had DES‐ISR. Angiographic follow‐up was available in 30 patients (72%) in the PEB group and 36 patients (78%) in the DES group. There were no differences in terms of 6‐months minimal lumen diameter in diabetic patients treated with EES (1.46 ± 0.66 mm) versus PEB (1.78 ± 0.58 mm, P = 0.15). Adverse events at one year follow‐up were similar in both groups, with Major Adverse Events (MAE, death, target vessel MI, or TVR) occurring in 17.4% in the EES group versus 11.9% in the PEB group, P = 0.44.ConclusionsIn patients with ISR and DM, use of a PEB resulted in similar 6‐months in‐segment minimal lumen diameter and comparable rates of MAE. In‐segment late loss at 6 months was significantly lower in the PEB arm. Although larger trials in DM patients with ISR are necessary, PEB is a promising treatment option obviating the need for additional stent implantation.
Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post‐agricultural woodlands
Authors: Breland Sabrie , Turley Nash E. , Gibbs Jason , Isaacs Rufus , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman land use, including agriculture, is a leading contributor to declining biodiversity worldwide and can leave long‐lasting legacies on ecosystems after cessation. Ecological restoration is an approach to mitigate these impacts. However, little is known about how animal communities and plant–animal interactions respond to the combined effects of land‐use legacies and restoration. We investigated how restoration and agricultural history affect bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) communities and pollination function. In 27 paired remnant (no history of agriculture) and post‐agricultural longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) woodlands, we established 4–10 1‐ha plots (126 total) and experimentally restored half of them, while the other half were left as unrestored controls. Restoration was accomplished through canopy thinning which reinstates open savanna‐like conditions. We collected bees in each plot using a combination of bowl trapping and standardized netting transects. Thinning increased bee abundance by 169% and bee richness by 110%, but agricultural land use had no effect on these variables. Bee community composition was affected by restoration and was marginally affected by agricultural history. To measure pollination function, we conducted a sentinel plant experiment in which potted black mustard (Brassica nigraL.) plants were placed out in a subset of these sites (n = 10) and either bagged to exclude pollinators or left open for pollinator access. Then, we measured fruit and seed set of sentinel plants to compare pollination function among the restoration and land‐use history treatments. Seed set and fruit set of sentinel plants were higher in open than bagged plants, indicating that this model system effectively measured pollination, but we found no differences in pollination based on restoration or agricultural history. These results indicate that although pollinator communities may show clear responses to restoration that are largely independent of prior land‐use impacts, this does not necessarily translate into differences in pollination function after restoration.
Peptides meet ubiquitin: Simple interactions regulating complex cell signaling
Authors: Veggiani Gianluca , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe interplay between the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and diverse peptide motifs controls almost every aspect of cell homeostasis. To achieve such an impressive functional diversity nature has evolved hundreds of different peptide motifs that interact with proteins in the UPS and ubiquitin itself to generate an immense network of interactions. Short peptides embedded in proteins are involved in controlling the intracellular levels of proteins as well as in the translation of ubiquitin signals into biochemical events. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulation of such interactions is associated with many diseases, including metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. We review the structural and functional features of peptide motifs interacting with the UPS and their use for generating protein‐protein interaction inhibitors.
Highly Efficient and Selective Method for Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wagh Ravindra , Nerurkar Gaurav , Nagarkar Jayashree 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient and green method has been developed for oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids by employing deep eutectic solvent (DES) (ChCl:Urea) as a green solvent in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant at ambient temperature. Numerous aldehydes were oxidized to give corresponding carboxylic acids with exceptional conversion and selectivity under catalyst free conditions. Sustainable approach, use of green solvent (ChCl:Urea) and good to excellent yield of products make this method greener and unconventional over other reported procedures.