bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary patterns and sociodemographics: A cross‐sectional study of Australian nursing students
Authors: Williams Susan L , Vandelanotte Corneel , Irwin Christopher , Bellissimo Nick , Heidke Penny , Saluja Sonia , Saito Amornrat , Khalesi Saman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLack of time, financial issues, and stressful clinical and educational environments in nursing studies promote higher intakes of convenience and fast foods loaded with fat and sugar, which are linked to reduced mental and physical health. In this study, we examined the dietary patterns of nursing students and their associated sociodemographic factors to inform the development of future health‐promotion interventions. A total of 548 Bachelor of Nursing students were invited to complete a survey. Associations were explored using χ2 and logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy (fruit, vegetables, and legumes), Western (loaded with fat, sugar, and salt), and unbalanced. Only 21% of participants were classified as following a healthy dietary pattern, and more likely to be older (>35 years old) and have a personal annual income between $AUD20 000–$59 999 and $60 000–$99 999. Students with one to two and three or more children were more likely to follow a Western dietary pattern. There is a need to develop interventions to improve the dietary behaviors of nursing students by health‐promoting activities and the provision of online health resources.
The authority of pleasure
Authors: Gorodeisky Keren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to reassess the prospects of a widely neglected affective conception of the aesthetic evaluation and appreciation of art. On the proposed picture, the aesthetic evaluation and appreciation of art are non‐contingently constituted by a particular kind of pleasure. Artworks that are valuable qua artworks merit, deserve, and call for a certain pleasure, the same pleasure that reveals (or at least purports to reveal) them to be valuable in the way that they are, and constitutes their aesthetic evaluation and appreciation. This is why and how art is non‐contingently related to pleasure. Call this, the Affective View. While I don't advance conclusive arguments for the affective view in this paper, I aim to reassess its prospects by (1) undermining central objections against it, (2) dissociating it from hedonism about the value of artworks (the view that this value is grounded in, and explained by, its possessors’ power to please), and (3) introducing some observations on the practice of art in support of it. Given that the objections I discuss miss their target, and given the observations in support of it, I conclude that the affective view is worth serious reconsideration.
Unconventional delivery of inhaled nitric oxide during endoscopic laryngeal tracheal reconstruction in a child with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A case report
Authors: Lee Jennifer J. , Kazim Robert , Jang Minyoung , Grunstein Eli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEndoscopic laryngeal tracheal reconstruction was performed on a child with glottic stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The surgical repair was performed while delivering inhaled nitric oxide via the ventilating port of a suspension laryngoscope with the patient maintaining spontaneous respirations. The surgery was accomplished without complications.
Diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen sclerosus in a pediatric patient
Authors: Simonato Luciana Estevam , Tomo Saygo , Pereira Débora Lima , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Miyahara Glauco Issamu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLichen sclerosus is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease, which rarely affects the oral mucosa. Here, we describe the occurrence of oral lichen sclerosus with gingival destruction in a 12‐year‐old female patient. After diagnostic confirmation by histopathology, intralesional injection of corticosteroid was performed, producing satisfactory remission of the lesion.
Management of congenital melanocytic nevi in the plastic surgery clinic: Families′ expectations and their persistent concern about malignancy
Authors: Mosa Adam , Ho Emily S. , Heinelt Martina , Wong Karen , Neuhaus Kathrin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) were historically managed with surgical removal to lower the risk of malignant transformation. The evolving literature over the last decade has indicated a significantly lower risk than previously estimated. Indications for excision currently revolve around aesthetic and psychosocial concerns. This study describes and evaluates the perspectives and expectations of patients and families referred to a pediatric plastic surgery clinic on CMN management.MethodA two‐part questionnaire was administered before and after an initial clinic appointment to evaluate patient and family concerns of lesion growth, risk of malignancy, treatment expectations, and stigmatization.ResultsThirty questionnaires were completed for 11 male and 19 female patients, mean age 9.2 years (1‐25). Referring doctors (majority dermatologists) were rarely concerned about malignancy (8%), but parents listed it as a top reason for wanting the CMN removed (37%) and the most common expectation for the visit followed by information about surgical options and outcome. Before the clinic, 93% were at least “slightly” worried about CMN growth and 96% about malignancy, whereas 63% and 72%, respectively, after the clinic.ConclusionsFamilies want information about surgical excision and are concerned about malignancy, indicating lingering misinformation or misconception about melanoma risk. For the majority, CMN removal remains at least slightly important, presumably for aesthetic reasons and remaining concern about malignancy. Involved health care professionals should assure reliable and coherent patient information about MM risk, indications for surgery and expected outcome to best support families’ decision‐making.
Failed Policy? The Effects of Kenya's Education Reform: Use of Natural Experiment and Regression Discontinuity Design
Authors: Kim Hye‐Sung 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveKenya's 1985 education reform implemented curriculum changes to prepare children for the job market and changed the instructional language from English to local ethnic languages during the first three years of primary education. This article examines the reform's impact on (i) level of education completed, (ii) income level, and (iii) preference for national versus ethnic interests.MethodsUsing survey data collected from randomly selected Kenyan citizens in Nairobi, this article uses a regression discontinuity (RD) design comparing the first cohort exposed to the reform to those who were not.ResultsThe education and income levels of those beginning their education under the reform were higher. The reform did not influence preference for national or ethnic interests.ConclusionsThe reform partially increased children's job market preparation but was unsuccessful in addressing unemployment. Teaching children in local languages exhibited no negative effects on ethnic as opposed to national interests.
Disentangling loosening from softening: insights into primary cell wall structure
Authors: Zhang Tian , Tang Haosu , Vavylonis Dimitrios , Cosgrove Daniel J. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHow cell wall elasticity, plasticity, and time‐dependent extension (creep) relate to one another, to plant cell wall structure and to cell growth remain unsettled topics. To examine these issues without the complexities of living tissues, we treated cell‐free strips of onion epidermal walls with various enzymes and other agents to assess which polysaccharides bear mechanical forces in‐plane and out‐of‐plane of the cell wall. This information is critical for integrating concepts of wall structure, wall material properties, tissue mechanics and mechanisms of cell growth. With atomic force microscopy we also monitored real‐time changes in the wall surface during treatments. Driselase, a potent cocktail of wall‐degrading enzymes, removed cellulose microfibrils in superficial lamellae sequentially, layer‐by‐layer, and softened the wall (reduced its mechanical stiffness), yet did not induce wall loosening (creep). In contrast Cel12A, a bifunctional xyloglucanase/cellulase, induced creep with only subtle changes in wall appearance. Both Driselase and Cel12A increased the tensile compliance, but differently for elastic and plastic components. Homogalacturonan solubilization by pectate lyase and calcium chelation greatly increased the indentation compliance without changing tensile compliances. Acidic buffer induced rapid cell wall creep via endogenous α‐expansins, with negligible effects on wall compliances. We conclude that these various wall properties are not tightly coupled and therefore reflect distinctive aspects of wall structure. Cross‐lamellate networks of cellulose microfibrils influenced creep and tensile stiffness whereas homogalacturonan influenced indentation mechanics. This information is crucial for constructing realistic molecular models that define how wall mechanics and growth depend on primary cell wall structure.
The influence of tenoscopic approaches on radiocarpal joint perforation during carpal sheath tenoscopy in horses
Authors: Skov Hansen Sabrina , Tóth Tamás 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the frequency of radiocarpal joint (RCJ) perforation during two proximolateral carpal sheath (CS) approaches and to investigate whether the presence or absence of a natural communication between the RCJ and CS.Study designExperimental, randomized, controlled study.Sample populationTwelve adult horses and 12 cadaver front limbs.MethodsProximolateral CS tenoscopy was performed on both carpi of 12 horses under general anaesthesia. Limbs were randomly assigned into two groups. In group 1, the instrument portal was centered at the level of the distal radial physeal remnant (PR). In group 2, the instrument portal was centered 2 cm proximal to the PR. Immediately after tenoscopy, dye‐coloured fluid was instilled arthroscopically into the dorsolateral RCJ, and the open tenoscopic portals were evaluated for leakage. Twelve cadaver front limbs were examined for naturally occuring RCJ and CS communication by using positive‐contrast computed tomography (CT). Frequency of perforations were compared with McNemar's test for two matched proportions.ResultsIn group 1, 10 of 12 RCJ were perforated during tenoscopy, and, in group 2, four of 12 RCJ were perforated(P =0.03). No diffusion of contrast from the RCJ to the CS was detected by CT.ConclusionPerforation of the RCJ was common when CS instrument portals were placed at the level of the PR. No natural communication was detected between the RCJ and CS.Clinical significanceCarpal sheath tenoscopic instrument portals may need to be placed >2 cm proximal to the PR to prevent inadvertent RCJ perforation, especially in horses undergoing tenoscopic treatment of a septic CS.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves short‐term limb use after canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Barnes Kate , Faludi Alex , Takawira Catherine , Aulakh Karanvir , Rademacher Nathalie , Liu Chin‐Chi , Lopez Mandi J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of postoperative extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on hind limb use after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designRandomized, prospective clinical trial.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs, 2 to 10 years old weighing 18 to 75 kg.MethodsDogs were randomly assigned to treatment cohorts, TPLO with ESWT (ESWT, n = 9) or TPLO without ESWT (control, n = 7). Treatment consisted of 1000 pulses at 0.15 mJ/mm2 immediately and 2 weeks after surgery. Subjective pain, stifle goniometry, stifle circumference, peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) were measured before surgery, prior to ESWT, and 2 and 8 weeks after surgery. Measures were compared between treatments at each time point and among time points for each treatment (P < .05).ResultsThe PVF (5.5 ± 1.0 N/kg, mean ± SD) and VI (0.67 ± 0.14 N‐s/kg) of surgically treated limbs in the ESWT cohort were higher 8 weeks after surgery compared with preoperative (3.8 ± 1.1 N/kg, P < .0001 and 0.47 ± 0.21 N‐s/kg, P = .0012, respectively) values. In the control cohort, PVF (2.9 ± 1.3 N/kg, P = .0001) and VI (0.33 ± 0.20 N‐s/kg, P = .0003) 2 weeks after surgery and VI (0.42 ± 0.2 N‐s/kg, P = .0012) 8 weeks after surgery were lower (4.59 ± 2.33 N/kg and 0.592 ± 0.35 N‐s/kg, respectively) than before surgery. Other parameters did not differ between groups.ConclusionWeight bearing increased faster after TPLO in dogs treated with postoperative ESWT.Clinical significanceThis study provides evidence to consider adjunct ESWT after TPLO.
Tacrolimus restores the high‐ and low‐pressure baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in cisplatin‐induced renal injury rats
Authors: Abdulla Mohammed H. , Brennan Nicola , Ryan Eimear , Sweeney Linda , Manning Jennifer , Johns Edward J. 
Published: August 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does immunosuppression restore the baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in an animal model of kidney injury?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, restored the high‐ and low‐pressure baroreflex control of RSNA following cisplatin‐induced renal injury.

AbstractCisplatin administration causes depression of renal haemodynamic and excretory function and is associated with renal sympatho‐excitation and loss of baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). This study investigated whether administration of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus in this cisplatin‐mediated renal injury model could restore, or the acute intra‐renal infusion of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) could blunt, the high‐ or low‐pressure baroreflex control of RSNA. Groups of control and cisplatin‐treated (5 mg kg−1, i.p. on day 0) rats received either saline or tacrolimus (0.25 mg kg−1 day−1, i.p.) for 7 days prior to study. Rats were anaesthetised and prepared for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and RSNA. Baroreflex gain curves were generated and the degree of renal sympatho‐inhibition determined (area under the curve (AUC) reported as %RSNA min) during acute volume expansion. Intrarenal TNF‐α infusion (0.3 µg kg−1 h−1) in control rats decreased baroreflex gain by 32% (P < 0.05) compared to intra‐renal saline infusion. In the cisplatin group (MAP: 98 ± 14 mmHg; HR: 391 ± 24beats min−1), the baroreflex gain for RSNA was 39% (P < 0.05) lower than that for the control group (MAP: 91 ± 7 mmHg; HR: 382 ± 29 beats min−1). In cisplatin‐treated rats given daily tacrolimus (MAP: 84 ± 12 mmHg; HR: 357 ± 30 beats min−1), the baroreflex gain and renal sympatho‐inhibition (AUC, 2440 ± 1071 vs. 635 ± 498% min) were restored to normal values. These findings provide evidence for the view that cisplatin administration initiates an injury involving inflammation which may contribute to the deranged baroreflex regulation of RSNA. This phenomenon appears mediated in part via the renal innervation.
Insulin potentiates the response to mechanical stimuli in small dorsal root ganglion neurons and thin fibre muscle afferents in vitro
Authors: Hotta Norio , Katanosaka Kimiaki , Mizumura Kazue , Iwamoto Gary A. , Ishizawa Rie , Kim Han‐Kyul , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Mitchell Jere H. , Smith Scott A. , Mizuno Masaki 
Published: August 2019

Key pointsInsulin is known to activate the sympathetic nervous system centrally. A mechanical stimulus to tissues activates the sympathetic nervous system via thin fibre afferents. Evidence suggests that insulin modulates putative mechanosensitive channels in the dorsal root ganglion neurons of these afferents. In the present study, we report the novel finding that insulin augments the mechanical responsiveness of thin fibre afferents not only at dorsal root ganglion, but also at muscle tissue levels. Our data suggest that sympathoexcitation is mediated via the insulin‐induced mechanical sensitization peripherally. The present study proposes a novel physiological role of insulin in the regulation of mechanical sensitivity in somatosensory thin fibre afferents.AbstractInsulin activates the sympathetic nervous system, although the mechanism underlying insulin‐induced sympathoexcitation remains to be determined. A mechanical stimulus to tissues such as skin and/or skeletal muscle, no matter whether the stimulation is noxious or not, activates the sympathetic nervous system via thin fibre afferents. Evidence suggests that insulin modulates putative mechanosensitive channels in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of these afferents. Accordingly, we investigated whether insulin augments whole‐cell current responses to mechanical stimuli in small DRG neurons of normal healthy mice. We performed whole‐cell patch clamp recordings using cultured DRG neurons and observed mechanically‐activated (MA) currents induced by mechanical stimuli applied to the cell surface. Local application of vehicle solution did not change MA currents or mechanical threshold in cultured DRG neurons. Insulin (500 mU mL−1) significantly augmented the amplitude of MA currents (P < 0.05) and decreased the mechanical threshold (P < 0.05). Importantly, pretreatment with the insulin receptor antagonist, GSK1838705, significantly suppressed the insulin‐induced potentiation of the mechanical response. We further examined the impact of insulin on thin fibre muscle afferent activity in response to mechanical stimuli in normal healthy rats in vitro. Using a muscle–nerve preparation, we recorded single group IV fibre activity to a ramp‐shaped mechanical stimulation. Insulin significantly decreased mechanical threshold (P < 0.05), although it did not significantly increase the response magnitude to the mechanical stimulus. In conclusion, these data suggest that insulin augments the mechanical responsiveness of small DRG neurons and potentially sensitizes group IV afferents to mechanical stimuli at the muscle tissue level, possibly contributing to insulin‐induced sympathoexcitation.
The quantitative impact of placements on allied health time use and productivity in healthcare facilities: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bourne Elizabeth , Short Kate , McAllister Lindy , Nagarajan Srivalli 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The current and future health needs of the population pose challenges for healthcare services, which face increased pressure for service provision, and for universities educating graduates to meet this clinical demand. One aspect influencing allied health (AH) clinician willingness to offer student placements is the perceptions of impact on patient activity levels and clinician time. This systematic review synthesises the evidence quantifying student impact on AH patient activity, clinician time and productivity. Methods: Searches of peer-reviewed literature published since 1990 were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and EMBASE and supplemented by other sources. Selected studies reported clinician-recorded patient activity and/or time participating in services provided by nutrition and dietetics, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech pathology, with and without students present. Studies meeting eligibility criteria (n = 23) were rated using the McMaster Guidelines for Critical Review Form: Quantitative Studies. Effect size calculations and meta-analysis were planned if sufficient studies reported similar outcome measures. Results: Seventeen studies contributed to four meta-analyses: patient activity levels, direct clinical time, clinical billed units and direct time per patient. Pooled results were neutral or favoured increases in activity or time during student placements. Methodological variation and research quality inhibited more comprehensive analysis.Conclusions: Data showed students may have a neutral or positive effect on AH patient activity levels and clinical time. Potential factors influencing data are discussed, and the areas of focus for further research are suggested.
FOXN3 hyperglycemic risk allele and insulin sensitivity in humans
Authors: Erickson Melissa L , Karanth Santhosh , Ravussin Eric , Schlegel Amnon 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene is significantly and independently associated with fasting blood glucose in humans. We have previously shown that the hyperglycemia risk allele (A) increases FOXN3 expression in primary human hepatocytes; over-expression of human FOXN3 in zebrafish liver increases fasting blood glucose; and heterozygous deletion of the zebrafish orthologfoxn3decreases fasting blood glucose. Paralleling these model organism findings, we found that rs8004664 A|A homozygotes had blunted glucagon suppression during an oral glucose tolerance test. Here, we test associations between insulin sensitivity and the rs8004664 variation.Research design and methods92 participants (49±13 years, body mass index: 32±6 kg/m2, 28 with and 64 without type 2 diabetes mellitus) were genotyped at rs8004664. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.ResultsThe “A” allele frequency was 59%; the protective (G) allele frequency was 41% (A|A: n=29; G|G: n=12; A|G: n=50). Clamp-measured glucose disposal rate (GDR) was not different by genotype (F=0.046, p=0.96) or by “A” allele carrier (p=0.36). Female G|G homozygotes had better insulin sensitivity compared to female “A” allele carriers (GDR; G|G: 9.9±3.0 vs A|A+A|G: 7.1±3.0 mg/kg fat-free mass+17.7/min; p=0.04). Insulin sensitivity was not different by genotype or by “A” allele carriers.ConclusionThe rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene may modulate insulin sensitivity in women.
Diabetes causal attributions among affected and unaffected individuals
Authors: Rose Margaret K , Costabile Kristi A , Boland Sarah E , Cohen Rachel W , Persky Susan 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe present study aims to describe and compare causal attributions for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among affected and unaffected individuals and to investigate the relationships among attributions, attitudes, and beliefs.Research design and methodsAdults with no diabetes (N=458), T1D (N=192), or T2D (N=207) completed an online survey. Measures assessed diabetes conceptual knowledge, causal attributions for T1D and T2D, perceived control over diabetes onset, and favorability judgements of individuals affected by each type.ResultsResults indicate general agreement on causal attributions for T1D and T2D among all respondent groups, with some divergences by disease status. All respondents attributed both T1D and T2D to genetics, and genetic attributions were positively associated with favorability judgements of individuals with T2D, but not those with T1D.ConclusionsThis report sets the stage for investigations into how and why attributions for T1D and T2D differ and the implications of these differences including stigmatization of individuals with diabetes and diabetes-related self-concept. Additionally, this work can inform efforts towards clinical and public health education to prevent and optimize treatment of T1D and T2D.