bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Natural and Maliciously Induced Packet Loss in Wireless Network Using Forensic Analysis
Authors: N Karthikeyan , Ponsam J Godwin 
Published: July 2019

Wireless networks are prone to packet loss making it strenuous to differentiate if data leakage is due to the physical nature of wireless networks or from malicious packet loss.All previous experiments were made on utilizing nodes which are part of network to monitor packet loss , a method deployed in passive detection.Due to high levels of interference the likelihood of classifying malicious packet loss from wireless induced packet loss is less probable.In this paper using certain transmission parameters like traffic intensity ,node density and transmission evidence we perform forensic analysis. By using an analytical framework we compute the transmission evidence.We validate our analytical framework via both simulation and wireless test-beds.The analytical framework is then used as a basis for a protocol within a forensic analyser to assess the cause of packet loss and determining the likelihood of forwarding misbehaviours.
Factors affecting treatment preferences of chronic pain patients in primary care and current treatment options in chronic pain
Authors: Baltaoğlu Alp Hayriye 
Published: July 2019

Research problem/aim: In a multicenter study of the World Health Organization, 22% of patients who applied to primary health care centers reported that their pain continued for 6 months. Multidisciplinary approach and empathy are important for patients with chronic pain. 20% of first-line outpatient referrals consist of chronic painful cases. When the analgesics are used correctly in the treatment of pain, sufficient pain control can be achieved in 85%. Non-steroidal and steroid analgesics may present with high doses of gastrointestinal side effects. Method: The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were recorded on the forms prepared by the researchers. Finding: The mean age of the patients was 58.62 ± 10.72.Pain was found to affect sleep. (* p <0.05) Conclusion: The patient sector, which is far from rational drug use, can cause great harm to the country's economy. With the extensive studies to be carried out, the treatment method of the patients and the reasons why they prefer. It will be helpful for the chronic pain patients to get the right information from their doctors about the treatment options. For this reason, family physicians should be equipped with up-to-date information about all methods used in chronic pain treatment. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Araştırma problem/amaç: Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün çok merkezli yapılan bir araştırmasında birinci basamak sağlık merkezlerine başvuran hastaların %22’sinde ağrılarının 6 aydır devam ettiği belirtilmektedir. Kronik ağrısı olan hastalara multidispliner yaklaşım ve empati önemlidir. Birinci basamak poliklinik başvurularının %20’si kronik ağrılı olgulardan oluşmaktadır. Ağrı tedavisinde analjezikler doğru kullanıldığında %85’inde yeterli ağrı kontrolü sağlanabilmektedir. Non-steroid ve steroid analjezikler yüksek dozlarda gastrointestinal yan etkilerle karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Metot: Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri araştırmacılar tarafından önceden hazırlanan formlara kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların ortalama yaşları 58.62±10.72 olarak tespit edildi. Ağrının uykuyu etkilediği bulunmuştur.(* p<0,05) Sonuçlar: Akılcı ilaç kullanımından uzak hasta kesimi ülke ekonomisine büyük zararlar verebilmektedir. Yapılacak geniş kapsamlı çalışmalar ile hastaların hangi tedavi yöntemini, neden tercih ettikleri konusu daha açığa kavuşacaktır. Kronik ağrı hastalarının tedavi seçenekleri hakkında doktorlarından doğru bilgi alması kendisine en uygun yöntemi seçmesi konusunda yol gösterici olacaktır. Bunun için de aile hekimlerinin kronik ağrı sağaltımında kullanılan tüm yöntemler hakkında güncel bilgilerle donanımlı olması gerekmektedir.
Doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals: universal covers and non-bilinear examples
Authors: Dempwolff Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy [4] a doubly transitive, non-solvable dimensional dual hyperovalDis isomorphic either to the Mathieu dual hyperoval or to a quotient of a Huybrechts dual hyperoval. In order to determine all doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals, it remains to classify the solvable ones, and this paper is a contribution to this problem. A doubly transitive, solvable dimensional dual hyperovalDof ranknis defined over 𝔽2and has an automorphism of the formES, whereEis elementary abelian of order 2nandS≤ Γ L(1, 2n); see Yoshiara [12]. The known examplesDare bilinear. In [1] thebilinear, doubly transitive, solvable dimensional dual hyperovalsDof ranknwith GL(1, 2n) ≤Sare classified. Here we present two new classes ofnon-bilinear, doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals. We also consider universal covers of doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals, since they are again doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals by [2, Cor. 1.3]. We determine the universal covers of the presently known doubly transitive dimensional dual hyperovals.
Valuations on convex functions and convex sets and Monge–Ampère operators
Authors: Alesker Semyon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The notion of a valuation on convex bodies is very classical; valuations on a class of functions have been introduced and studied by M. Ludwig and others. We study an explicit relation between continuous valuations on convex functions which are invariant under adding arbitrary linear functionals, and translation invariant continuous valuations on convex bodies. More precisely, we construct a natural linear map from the former space to the latter and prove that it has dense image and infinite-dimensional kernel. The proof uses the author’s irreducibility theorem and properties of the real Monge–Ampère operators due to A.D. Alexandrov and Z. Blocki. Furthermore we show how to use complex, quaternionic, and octonionic Monge–Ampère operators to construct more examples of continuous valuations on convex functions in an analogous way.
What we need to know about student writers’ grammar learning and correction
Authors: Kao Chian-Wen , Reynolds Barry Lee , Feng Teng (Mark) 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The question of whether grammar learning and correction is effective for second language writing development depends on students’ needs and tendency to study grammar. While the extent of the influence of grammar learning, grammar correction, and learner beliefs on second language writing for English as a second language settings and learners has been heavily debated, little of the research has considered the backgrounds and beliefs of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. To explore factors that have influenced EFL students’ writing, the current study investigated beliefs regarding grammar learning and correction of 306 EFL students studying at universities of science and technology. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on questionnaire data gathered from the Taiwanese EFL student writers. The analysis uncovered four significant factors including (1) emphasis on the connection between grammar learning and writing, (2) positive attitude towards analyses of grammar rules, (3) positive attitude towards written correction, and (4) negative attitude towards oral correction. Qualitative data gathered through ten open-ended questions further indicated that EFL student writers welcomed teachers’ written correction of grammar errors especially when grammar correction was received for writing produced during writing tasks tailored to students’ future work-related needs. Pedagogical implications and future materials development for university of science and technology EFL student writers were discussed.
Effects of Ischemic Post-Conditioning on the Expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in the Hippocampus of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Huang Liquan , Liu Zizhuo , Wang Lingcong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of postconditioning ischemia on the expressions of the hippocampus neuron autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion.MethodsA total of 128 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR), cerebral ischemia post-conditioning group (IP), and PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002). The rat cerebral ischemia model was established by the improved Pulsinelli four vessel occlusion method. The durations across the platform and escape latent period were recorded using the water maze experiment. The changes in cell morphology and the number of surviving hippocampal neurons were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The cells with Beclin-1 and LC3-II in the hippocampal region were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.ResultsWhen compared with the IR at 48 and 72 h, the number of platform passes increased and the escape latency time was shortened. Consequently, the HE staining detected positive cells with LC3-II and Beclin-1 increased in number at each time point in immunohistochemistry and the expressions of the LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins were improved in the IP (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCerebral ischemic post-conditioning promoted the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 while relieving the injuries caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
Depletion of VAX2 restrains the malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by modulating ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Bei , Zhang Yi , Yuan Kun , Jiang Feng-Xia , Cui Qian-Bo , Zhou Qin , Dong Hong-Xia , Chen Wei , Yang Shun-Shi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveVentral anterior homeobox 2 (VAX2) gene is a key regulating factor for the development of the ventral region of the eye, and has recently attracted much attention from the cancer treatment field. Our study aimed to explore the effect of VAX2 on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsWe determined the expression levels of VAX2 in PTC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then assessed the prognosis of patients with PTC, and analyzed the association between VAX2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Subsequently, we measured the biological functions of VAX2 in PTC using qRT-PCR, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assays and western blot.ResultsVAX2 was up-regulated in PTC tissues when compared with normal thyroid tissues, and high expression level of VAX2 was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown of VAX2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells. Importantly, through western blot analysis, we found that the expression of phosphorylated-(p) ERK and p-MEK in ERK signaling pathway showed a significant decrease after knockdown of VAX2.ConclusionThese findings suggest that VAX2 may be involved in the malignant progression of PTC, and hold significant potential as a therapeutic target for PTC.
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from safflower rhizosphere and their effect on seedling growth
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Hu Feng , Ma Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can convert insoluble rhizosphere phosphorus into forms that are absorbable by plants and thus enhance the growth of plants. Safflower is a cash crop that is a source of vegetable oils, food coloring and flavoring agents. This study sought to isolate PSB in safflower rhizosphere soil and investigate their effects on seedling growth. The isolated PSB were identified as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Sinorhizobium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Acinetobacter sp RC04. showed the best performance in phosphate solubilization, with the efficiency of the process being influenced by carbon source, nitrogen source, cultivation temperature and initial culture pH. Acinetobacter sp. RC04 and Sinorhizobium sp. RC02 showed the ability to improve safflower seed germination and, when co-inoculated, improved seedling growth. Hence, we suggest that Acinetobacter sp. RC04 and Sinorhizobium sp. RC02 could be developed for field application to promote safflower growth. The results from this study will help drive novel biofertilizer discovery and could be included in integrated nutrient management regimes for safflower and other important economic crops.
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults with T2DM
Authors: Zhao Hongjun , Wu Chenglong , Zhang Xiaoping , Wang Liping , Sun Jianhong , Zhuge Fuyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of insulin resistance (IR) in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSeventy-eight patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into MCI group (<26, n=48) and normal group (≥26, n=30) according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and fasting plasma C-peptide (FPC) were examined and compared between the two groups. The Pancreatic islets function (HOMA-islet) and Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) were also calculated for the two groups. Using the HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet as the reference, the predicted values for MCI in T2DM patients were calculated by sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe MoCA scores were statistically different between the MCI and control groups (23.79±1.15 vs 28.50±1.01, p<0.05). The serum FPG and FPC were 10.38±2.36 mmol/L and 0.79±0.34 ng/mL in the MCI group which were significant different from those of the control group (8.96±2.55 mmol/L and 1.04±0.38 ng/mL; p<0.05). The HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet were 10.08±2.64 and 94.67±29.12 for the MCI group and 8.16±2.46 and 130.30±38.43 for the control group; both were statistically different (p<0.05). The serum HbA1c was 11.02±2.59% and 9.37±2.00% for the MCI and control groups (significantly different with p<0.5). A significant positive correlation was found between MoCA score and HOMA-islet (rpearson=0.44; p<0.001). A significant negative correlation existed between MoCA score and serum HbA1c (r=-0.25; p=0.03). The areas under the ROC curve were 0.70 (0.57~0.82), 0.69 (0.57~0.81), 0.69 (0.57~0.80), 0.72 (0.60~0.84), 0.72 (0.60~0.84) and 0.76 (0.65~0.88) respectively for FPG, FPC, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-islet.ConclusionInsulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and can be a biomarker for prediction of MCI in patients with T2DM.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on implant bone defects in rabbits through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Ben , Zheng Youyang , Shi Yuehua , Shi Zhuojin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be a beneficial growth factor for bone tissue healing and is used in implantology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PRP on bone defects in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were used to establish the implant bone defect model in this study. An intrabony defect (5mm × 5mm × 3mm) was created in alveolar bone in the lower jar of each rabbit. The wound was treated with PRP. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) levels were measured by Western blot. The results show that PRP could significantly improve the bone healing process when compared with control, and 10% PRP could markedly increase fibroblast proliferation 48-h post treatment. PDGFBB was higher in the PRP group than that in the control group. PRP treatment also could elevate the phosphorylation of FAK and PI3K/AKT, although the inhibitor of PDGFR could reverse this trend. These results suggest that PRP treatment improves the bone healing process through the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lung adhesion before surgery
Authors: Eshraghi Mohsen , Kachoie Ahmad , Sharifimoghadam Soroush 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of pleural adhesions may render video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery difficult or impossible. The aim of this study was to assess the value of chest ultrasonography in the detection of pleural adhesions prior to thoracotomy.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2014, 42 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomies (including video-assisted thoracicsurgery) were evaluated with chest ultrasonography. These patients underwent a preoperative ultrasonic examination of the chestwall using a 7.5-10-MHz linear ultrasound probe at 7 points along the chest wall. We measured the movement of the visceral pleuralslide.ResultsIn the upper thoracic wall,ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 63.0%, a specificity of 66%, a negative predictive value of 77%, a positive predictive evalue of 50.0%, and an overall accuracy of 65.0%. And for the lower thoracic wall, ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.0%, a specificity of 59.0%,a negative predictive value of 89.0%, a positive predictivevalue of 44.0%, and an overall accuracy of 65.0%.ConclusionChest ultrasonography is moderately accurate in detecting the presence and location of pleural adhesions. The use of preoperative chest sonographic findings to plan trocar placement and to determine the need for an open approach is valuable in helping prevent visceral injury and facilitating video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
Authors: Fan Xiao-Xue , Xue Feng , Song Bo , Chen Long-Zheng , Xu Gang , Xu Hai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of blue and red light on metabolites of nitrate, key enzymes, and the gene expression of key enzymes in pakchoi plants (Brassica campestris L. var. Suzhouqing). Plants were grown under three light quality treatments, namely, white light (W), red light (R) and blue light (B), at the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of approximately 150 μmol m-2 s-1 for 48 hours of continuous illumination, and W was set as the control. The dynamics of net photosynthetic rate in pakchoi subjected to different light treatments were the same as the total chlorophyll contents: blue light > white light > red light. The nitrate reductase (NR) activity, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity were highest under blue light. Further, the expression levels of NR, NiR and GS genes were significantly higher under blue light. Under continuous illumination, the auxin content (IAA) in pakchoi leaves was highest under blue light, whereas the abscisic acid (ABA) content was highest under red light. In contrast, there was no significant effect for gibberellin (GA) under any type of light treatment.
Taking flame tests one step forward: the case of a DIY atomic emission spectrophotometer
Authors: Mavroukakis-Karagounis Constantina , Papadopoulou Isavella , Papadopoulou Myrto , Makedonas Christodoulos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present study we report the construction of a simple atomic emission spectrophotometer and we describe its computer interface and its calibration procedure. The final instrument is employed for the detection of the presence of metal ions in commercially available drugs. The cost of the whole construction is low and it can be readily applied within the secondary education chemistry curricula in order to strengthen students’ engagement and understanding of a modern analytical technique that is based on the well known flame tests.
Influence of training in inquiry-based methods on in-service science teachers’ reasoning skills
Authors: Bernard Paweł , Dudek-Różycki Karol 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Reasoning skills can be described as abilities to use scientific knowledge to identify and solve problems, and to formulate conclusions based on empirical observations. The European Union promotes the development of reasoning skills as a way to grow knowledgeable and responsible citizens. In a school classroom, the development of reasoning skills can be stimulated by the use of inquiry-based methods. Students’ reasoning skills are frequently measured and compared by many national and international programmes (e.g. PISA). It is obvious that teachers who help students to develop reasoning skills should also have a high level of those skills, however, the teachers who currently work in Central/Eastern European schools have had no opportunity to learn through or even experience inquiry, neither to participate in programmes measuring the level of reasoning skills. In this research, Lawson’s tests were used to measure the level of reasoning skills among science teachers (n = 71) before and after training in using inquiry-based methods. The results showed that reasoning skills are the best developed by physics teachers. Training in using inquiry helps biology and chemistry teachers improve and close the gap between them and physics teachers.
A brief history of distance education in Chemistry at McGill University in Canada
Authors: Butler Ian S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDistance education began as correspondence courses in the 1700s, chiefly to connect rural communities with secondary and post-secondary educational institutions located in major cities. Since then, owing to the overwhelming improvements in communication technologies over the past two centuries, distance education is now well-established and is a major educational approach employed throughout the world. This paper will include a brief overview of the history of distance education in general and a description of some of the author’s personal experiences with respect to distance teaching of university-level Chemistry courses since he began his academic career as a professor over 50 years ago.
Further results on the neutrix composition of distributions involving the delta function and the function cosh+-1(x1/r+1)$\cosh _ + ^{ - 1}\left( {{x^{1/r}} + 1} \right)$
Authors: Fisher Brian , Tas Kenan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The neutrix composition F(f (x)) of a distribution F(x) and a locally summable function f (x) is said to exist and be equal to the distribution h(x) if the neutrix limit of the sequence {Fn
(f (x))} is equal to h(x), where Fn
(x) = F(x) * δ
n
(x) and {δ
n
(x)} is a certain sequence of infinitely differentiable functions converging to the Dirac delta-function (x). The function

cosh

+

-
1

(

x
+
1

)

$\cosh _ + ^{ - 1}\left( {x + 1} \right)$

is defined by

cosh

+

-
1

(

x
+
1

)

=
H

(
x
)

cosh

-
1

(

|
x
|

+
1

)

,

$$\cosh _ + ^{ - 1}\left( {x + 1} \right) = H\left( x \right){\cosh ^{ - 1}}\left( {\left| x \right| + 1} \right),$$

where H(x) denotes Heaviside’s function. It is then proved that the neutrix composition

δ

(
s
)

[

cosh

+

-
1

(

x

1
/
r

+
1

)

]

${\delta ^{(s)}}\left[ {\cosh _ + ^{ - 1}\left( {{x^{1/r}} + 1} \right)} \right]$

] exists and

δ

(
s
)

[

cosh

+

-
1

(

x

1
/
r

+
1

)

]

=

∑

k
=
0

s
-
1

∑

j
=
0

k
r
+
r
-
1

∑

i
=
0

j

(
-
1
)

k
r
+
r
+
s
-
j
-
1

r

2

j
+
2

(

k
r
+
r
-
1

j

)

(

j

i

)

[

(

j
-
2
i
+
1

)

s

-

(

i
-
2
i
-
1

)

s

]

δ

(
k
)

(
x
)
,

$${\delta ^{(s)}}\left[ {\cosh _ + ^{ - 1}\left( {{x^{1/r}} + 1} \right)} \right] = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^{s - 1} {\sum\limits_{j = 0}^{kr + r - 1} {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^j {{{{{( - 1)}^{kr + r + s - j - 1}}r} \over {{2^{j + 2}}}}\left( {\matrix{{kr + r - 1} \cr j \cr } } \right)} } } \left( {\matrix{j \cr i \cr } } \right)\left[ {{{\left( {j - 2i + 1} \right)}^s} - {{\left( {i - 2i - 1} \right)}^s}} \right]{\delta ^{(k)}}(x),$$

for r, s = 1, 2, . . . . Further results are also proved.
Our results improve, extend and generalize the main theorem of [Fisher B., Al-Sirehy F., Some results on the neutrix composition of distributions involving the delta function and the function cosh−1
+(x + 1), Appl. Math. Sci. (Ruse), 2014, 8(153), 7629–7640].