bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field‐based estimation of cation exchange capacity using induced polarization methods
Authors: McLachlan Paul , Karloukovski Vassil , Binley Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of field‐based induced polarization (IP) methods to provide in‐situ estimates of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). CEC influences the fate of nutrients and pollutants in the subsurface. However, estimates of CEC require sampling and laboratory analysis, which can be costly, especially at large scales. Induced polarization (IP) methods offer an alternative approach for CEC estimation. The sensitivity of IP measurements to the surface properties of geological materials ought to make them more appropriate than DC resistivity and electromagnetic induction methods, that are sensitive to bulk electrical properties. Such abilities of IP are well demonstrated in the laboratory; however, applications are lacking at field scales. In this work, the ability of field‐based IP to characterize the CEC of floodplain soils is assessed by implementing a methodology that allows for direct comparison between IP and soil parameters. In one field, soil polarization and CEC exhibited the expected positive correlation; but multi‐frequency measurements showed no clear advantage over single‐frequency measurements. In another field, coarser soils (with low CEC) exhibited a high polarization. These coarser soils were characterized by anomalous magnetic susceptibility values, and hence the polarization was attributed to the presence of magnetic minerals. Although better than order‐of‐magnitude estimates of CEC were possible in soils without substantial magnetic minerals, better characterization of porosity, saturation, cementation and saturation exponents, and pore fluid conductivity would improve predictions. However, the measurement of these parameters would require similar efforts as direct CEC measurements. This study contributes to bridging the gap between laboratory‐derived relationships and their applicability in field applications. Overall, this work provides valuable insight for future studies seeking to understand polarization mechanisms in soils at the field scale.
Half‐Heusler Alloy CoMnZ (Z = Sb/Sn): Electrode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Matth Sadhana , Pal Raghavendra , Pandey Himanshu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHeusler alloys (HAs) are a well‐known family of compounds generating promising interest due to their robust structure, ease of tailoring their unique properties, and potential applications. The investigations in the direction of the electrochemical performance of these materials as electrodes for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been established theoretically and experimentally. Alloying of alkali metal ions into half‐HAs unit cells can be another route to improve LIBs performance. This work presents our investigations on thermodynamically stable half‐HAs CoMnZ (Z: Sb/Sn) as electrode materials for rechargeable LIBs using the first‐principle calculations based on the density functional theory. The negative formation energies validate the thermodynamic stability of the alloys considered in this study. With increasing Li doping, a structural change from cubic to tetragonal and orthorhombic phase is observed in the host structure, and upon full lithiation (LiMnZ), a cubic structure is attained. The band structure calculations of the host structure and its lithiated phase indicate a metallic nature in these alloys. The calculations are also performed to investigate the structural stability of parent alloys and corresponding lithiated phases. We calculated a storage capacity of around 14.5 Ah/kg for 0.125 atomic fraction of Li atoms, which is increased by nearly 10 times upon full lithiation. A maximum open circuit voltage of around 9.8 V is calculated for Li0.125Co0.875MnSb and CoLi0.125Mn0.875Sb. Thus, all these remarkable results suggest that these intermetallic compounds have a strong potential as the cathode material for LIBs with a robust life and a large capacity.
Numerische Untersuchungen zur Definition von Kastenfangedämmen
Authors: Hadjiloo Elnaz , Cerek Kacper , Vogel Paul , Grabe Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFangedämme in Zell‐ und Kastenform dienen als temporäre Konstruktion zur Umschließung von großräumigen Baugruben oder als dauerhafte Bauwerke für Ufereinfassungen und Molen. Kastenfangedämme bestehen aus zwei gegenseitig verankerten und parallel angeordneten Spundwänden, zwischen denen sich Füllboden befindet. Häufig sind Kastenfangedämme einseitig belastet und dienen dazu, große Horizontalbelastungen wie Wasserüberdrücke, Stoß‐ oder Erddrucklasten aufzunehmen. In den Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses Ufereinfassungen [1] sind Angaben zur Bemessung von Fangedämmen zu finden, wobei diese primär auf den Untersuchungen von [2] beruhen. Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis der Kastenfangedämme wird gemäß [1] von einem kompakten Bodenblock zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Fangedammwänden ausgegangen. Wann zwei gegenüberliegende Wände jedoch als Kastenfangedammkonstruktion zu verstehen sind, wird in [1] nicht explizit definiert. Um Geltungsbereiche für Kastenfangedämme zu definieren, wurden für den vorliegenden Artikel umfangreiche numerische Untersuchungen im Gebrauchstauglichkeitszustand durchgeführt.
Unleashing Innovation Under Sanctions: The Catalyst of National Culture
Authors: Phan Anh Dang Bao , Dao Daniel , Nguyen Loan Thi Quynh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores how national culture moderates the impact of economic sanctions on a targeted country's innovation performance, using a dynamic difference‐in‐difference approach. Our empirical analysis utilises a panel dataset spanning 213 nations from 2013 to 2019. We discover that economic sanctions generally have a detrimental effect on the innovation performance of targeted countries. However, not all types of sanctions have the same negative impact on innovation. Specifically, financial, arms, and travel sanctions exhibit this negative influence. Furthermore, we reveal that under the sanction circumstances, countries characterised by high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to experience a higher level of innovation performance. Our findings remain robust after conducting various tests. In our subsequent analyses, we focus on different types of sanctions and find that the favourable impact of power distance and uncertainty avoidance culture on the relationship between sanctions and innovation applies primarily to financial sanctions.
Dual role of ramR mutation in enhancing immune activation and elevating eravacycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yu Wei , Jia Peiyao , Chu Xiaobing , Li Shengjie , Jia Xinmiao , Zhu Ying , Liu Xiaoyu , Xu Yingchun , Yang Qiwen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rise of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to last‐resort antimicrobials poses an urgent threat to global health. The ramR‐ramA regulatory system critically influences drug resistance by regulating the AcrAB‐TolC efflux pump, which also plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae. However, the mechanism of the ramR‐ramA system on bacteria‐host interaction remains unclear. To determine how specific mutations in ramR influence eravacycline (ERV) resistance and their impact on the immune activation capabilities of K. pneumoniae, thereby highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention, we performed genetic sequencing to identify mutations in ramR. Then, the CRISPR‐Cas9 technology was employed to construct specific ramR mutations into K. pneumoniae, which were then subjected to phenotypic and functional assays in both in vitro and in vivo (mouse models, macrophage, and blood‐killing experiment) settings. ramR L58P and F165L genetic alterations disrupt the binding affinity of RamR to the ramA promoter, thereby upregulating the efflux pump expression and increasing ERV minimum inhibitory concentration values up to 64‐fold compared to the wild‐type. Concurrently, these mutations modulate lipid A structure by increasing 2‐hydroxy fatty acid chain abundance. In mouse models, ramR L58P and F165L mutants showed lower bacterial burden in organs (spleen, lung, and kidney) 6 h post‐infection, and are fast cleared in 48 h. Furthermore, despite lower intracellular bacterial loads, ramR L58P and F165L mutants induce heightened pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages and elevate systemic cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]2, IL4, IL6, IL12, interferon‐α, and interferon‐γ) in human blood co‐culture experiments. This study illuminates the critical role of ramR mutations in conferring ERV resistance and enhancing immune responses in K. pneumoniae. The dual impact of these mutations on both antimicrobial resistance and immune activation not only underscores the challenges in treating infections but also advocates for heightened surveillance and innovative strategies to counteract the emerging threat of antimicrobial‐resistant K. pneumoniae.
Covariation in the Craniocervical Junction of Carnivora
Authors: Böhmer Christine , Ocak Mara Destina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe craniocervical junction is the transition between the skull and the vertebral column that provides mobility while maintaining sufficient stability (i.e., protection of the brainstem and the spinal cord). The key elements involved are the occiput, the first cervical vertebra (CV1, atlas) and the second cervical vertebra (CV2, axis). The two vertebrae forming the atlas‐axis complex are distinct in their morphology and differences in form have been linked to differences in ecological function in mammals. Here, we quantified the morphological diversity of the cranium, CV1 and CV2 in a sample of Carnivora using 3D geometric morphometrics to reveal phylogenetic and ecological patterns. Our results indicate that the observed variation in CV2 is related to the taxonomic diversity (i.e., strong phylogenetic signal), whereas variation in CV1 appears to be decoupled from species diversity in Carnivora and, thus, is likely to reflect a functional signal. The phylogenetically informed correlation analyses showed an association between the CV1 morphology and diet. Taxa that primarily feed on large prey tend to have larger transverse processes on CV1 which provides larger muscle attachment areas and may correlate with stronger muscles. The latter needs to be verified by future quantitative covariation analyses between bone and muscle data. Morphological peculiarities within Pinnipedia and Mustelidae could be explained by differences in terrestrial locomotion between Phocidae and Otariidae and the exceptional defensive behavior (i.e., handstanding) in Mephitidae. Despite differences in the degree of morphological diversity, covariation between cranium, CV1 and CV2 morphology is consistently high (≥ 0.82) highlighting that overall, the craniocervical junction is an integrated structure, but there are traits that are not constrained.
Prognostic bone fracture healing simulations in an ovine tibia model validated with in vivo sensors
Authors: Schwarzenberg Peter , Schlatter Jérôme , Ernst Manuela , Windolf Markus , Dailey Hannah L. , Varga Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBone fracture healing is a complex physiological process influenced by biomechanical and biomolecular factors. Mechanical stability is crucial for successful healing, and disruptions can lead to delayed healing or nonunion. Bone commonly heals itself through secondary fracture healing, which is governed by the mechanical strain at the fracture site. To investigate these phenomena, a validated methodology for capturing the mechanoregulatory process in specimen‐specific models of fracture healing could provide insight into the healing process. This study implemented a prognostic healing simulation framework to predict healing trajectories based on mechanical stimuli. Sixteen sheep were subjected to a 3 mm transverse tibial mid‐shaft osteotomy, stabilized with a custom plate, and equipped with displacement transducer sensors to measure interfragmentary motion over 8 weeks. Computed tomography scans were used to create specimen‐specific bone geometries for finite element analysis. Virtual mechanical testing was performed iteratively to calculate strains in the callus region, which guided tissue differentiation and consequently, healing. The predicted healing outcomes were compared to continuous in vivo sensor data, providing a unique validation data set. Healing times derived from the in vivo sensor and in silico sensor showed no significant differences, suggesting the potential for these predictive models to inform clinical assessments and improve nonunion risk evaluations. This study represents a crucial step towards establishing trustworthy computational models of bone healing and translating these to the preclinical and clinical setting, enhancing our understanding of fracture healing mechanisms.Clinical significance: Prognostic bone fracture healing simulation could assist in non‐union diagnosis and prediction.
Association between segmental phase angles and functional independence measure scores in hospitalized adults following stroke: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Nagano Fumihiko , Matsumoto Ayaka , Shimazu Sayuri , Shiraishi Ai , Kido Yoshifumi , Bise Takahiro , Kuzuhara Aomi , Hamada Takenori , Yoneda Kouki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between segmental phase angles and functional outcomes in patients after stroke, hypothesizing that increased segmental phase angle correlates with improved functional status.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1012 patients after stroke was conducted. Whole body and segmental phase angles were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis within 3 days of admission. Our exposure of interest was segmental phase angle measured via a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer and calculated as phase angle = arctangent (Xc/R) × (180/π), where R is the resistance of the right half of the body and Xc is the reactance measured at 50 kHz. The primary outcomes were the motor subscale of the functional independence measure (FIM) at discharge and FIM change between admission and discharge. Secondary outcomes included FIM scores for specific activities. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess associations.ResultsPhase angles of the healthy upper and lower limbs demonstrated stronger associations with discharge FIM motor scores (β = 0.175 and β = 0.105, respectively) and FIM motor gain (β = 0.242 and β = 0.092, respectively) compared with whole body or paretic limb phase angles. Upper limb phase angles were more closely related to grooming and toileting abilities, whereas lower limb phase angles were associated with both toileting and locomotion at discharge.ConclusionSegmental phase angles, particularly those of the nonparetic limbs, are promising predictors of functional outcomes in patients after stroke. Assessing segmental phase angles may guide targeted interventions and rehabilitation strategies for improving specific activities of daily living.
Chyme reinfusion therapy in adults with severe acute intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Farrer Kirstine , Kopczynska Maja , Barrett Maria , Harrison Simon , Teubner Antje , Abraham Arun , McWhirter Derek , Epstein Jonathan , Lal Simon , Carlson Gordon L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChyme reinfusion therapy treats patients with high‐output fistulas or stomas by returning chyme to the distal gut. The role of this treatment in severe acute intestinal failure is currently unclear. The primary outcome of this study was a successful establishment of chyme reinfusion therapy, defined by the ability to replace parenteral nutrition for nutrition support.MethodsA descriptive cohort study of adult patients with severe acute intestinal failure due to a high‐output stoma and distal mucus fistula or a high‐output small intestinal fistula receiving chyme reinfusion therapy was undertaken. The effect of chyme reinfusion therapy on parenteral nutrition requirements, medication, nutrition status, liver function, and treatment cost were studied.ResultsTwenty‐four patients commenced treatment for a median of 44 (range, 3–571; total, 2263) days. Fifteen (62.5%) were successfully established for 1208 days, and nine continued treatment at home. Parenteral requirements, including volume, energy and nitrogen content, and frequency, were significantly reduced (P = 0.002), whereas anthropometric measurements remained stable. However, chyme therapy was not tolerated in nine patients (37.5%), and only two (8.3%) weaned fully from parenteral nutrition. Chyme reinfusion therapy was associated with a 47.6% reduction in parenteral energy requirements, 42.8% reduction in nitrogen, and 33.3% reduction in volume of parenteral nutrition requirements. Treatment was associated with a net cost of £30.05 ($40.27) per patient per day.ConclusionChyme reinfusion therapy was associated with reductions in the need for parenteral therapy and medication but did not replace parenteral nutrition or result in a significant cost saving.
Synthetic circRNA therapeutics: innovations, strategies, and future horizons
Authors: Cai Jingsheng , Qiu Zonghao , Chi‐Shing Cho William , Liu Zheng , Chen Shaoyi , Li Haoran , Chen Kezhong , Li Yun , Zuo Chijian , Qiu Mantang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmall molecule drugs are increasingly emerging as innovative and effective treatments for various diseases, with mRNA therapeutics being a notable representative. The success of COVID‐19 vaccines has underscored the transformative potential of mRNA in RNA therapeutics. Within the RNA family, there is another unique type known as circRNA. This single‐stranded closed‐loop RNA molecule offers notable advantages over mRNA, including enhanced stability and prolonged protein expression, which may significantly impact therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, circRNA plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, making it a promising clinical intervention target. Despite these benefits, the application of circRNA in clinical settings remains underexplored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of synthetic circRNA therapeutics, focusing on its synthesis, optimization, delivery, and diverse applications. It also addresses the challenges impeding the advancement of circRNA therapeutics from bench to bedside. By summarizing these aspects, the review aims to equip researchers with insights into the ongoing developments and future directions in circRNA therapeutics. Highlighting both the progress and the existing gaps in circRNA research, this review offers valuable perspectives for advancing the field and guiding future investigations.
Full‐active pharmaceutical ingredient nanosensitizer for augmented photoimmunotherapy by synergistic mitochondria targeting and immunogenic death inducing
Authors: Li Xianghui , Wang Haoran , Li Zhiyan , Liu Song , Chen Yuanyuan , Ruan Zhuren , Yao Zhijian , Wei Gao , Cao Cunwei , Zheng Wenjun , Guan Wenxian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe precise and effective activation of the immune response is crucial in promising therapy curing cancer. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging strategy for precise regulation and highly spatiotemporal selectivity. However, this approach faces a significant challenge due to the off‐target effect and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. To address this challenge, a nanoscale full‐active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) photo‐immune stimulator was developed. This formulation overcomes the limitations of PIT by strengthening the ability to penetrate tumors deeply and inducing precise and potent mitochondria‐targeted dual‐mode photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Along with inhibiting overexpressed Hsp90, this nanosensitizer in turn improves the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Ultimately, this mitochondria‐targeted PIT demonstrated potent antitumor efficacy, achieving a remarkable inhibition rate of ≥95% for both established primary tumors and distant abscopal tumors. In conclusion, this novel self‐delivery full‐API nanosystem enhances the efficacy of phototherapy and reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby holding great promise in the development of precise and effective immunotherapy.
Beyond Tobacco: Bridging Gaps in Social History Records for Tobacco‐Free Nicotine Pouch Consumers
Authors: Stack Taylor J. , McCain Morgan N. , Benaim Ezer H. , Dickerson Theresa A. , Mohammad Ibtisam , Senior Brent A. , Kimple Adam J. , DeMason Christine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveNicotine‐containing products have historically been tobacco derivatives like cigarettes, cigars, and dip. Recently, tobacco‐free nicotine (TFN) products have been marketed as a healthy alternative. TFN pouches are small, discreet, flavored pouches containing nicotine designed to be placed between the gum and lip. This product does not fit a conventional tobacco category, leading to inaccurate reporting. This study aims to investigate discrepancies in physician documentation of TFN pouches.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on TFN users.SettingSingle Health Care System.MethodsStatistical analyses assessed TFN documentation concordance between social history templates and physician notes.ResultsThere were 150 patients who used TFN and 841 patients who vaped. Concordance was higher for vape documentation than TFN pouch documentation (55.9%, 470/841 vs 25.3%, 38/150; P < .001). Of those who used TFN, 60% (90/150) were classified as “Smokeless Tobacco Users” in the social history; however, 35 were inaccurately classified as chew, and 17 did not specify TFN use. Only 38 specified TFN use; only 25% (38/150) of records demonstrated concordance.ConclusionOnly 25% of records were concordant with physician notes, highlighting the need for a designated place for TFN use within social history templates. Nicotine use history is crucial in the setting of microvascular reconstruction and cosmetic surgeries. Thus, accurate reporting is crucial for future research on the long‐term effects of TFN. This study's findings underscore a deficit in current social history templates and the need to recognize TFN pouches as distinct entities.