bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Zeeman Effect in the 44 GHz Class I Methanol (CH3OH) Maser Line toward DR21W
Authors: Momjian E. , Sarma A. P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report the detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the high-mass star-forming region DR21W. There are two prominent maser spots in DR21W at the ends of a northwest–southeast linear arrangement. For the maser at the northwestern end (maser A), we fit three Gaussian components. In the strongest component, we obtain a significant Zeeman detection, with zB
los = −23.4 ± 3.2 Hz. If we use z = −0.920 Hz mG−1 for the F = 5 → 4 hyperfine transition, this corresponds to a magnetic field,

; B
los would be higher if a different hyperfine were responsible for the 44 GHz maser, but our results also rule out some hyperfines, as fields in these regions cannot be hundreds of mG. Class I methanol masers form in outflows where shocks compress magnetic fields in proportion to gas density. Designating our detected B
los = 25 mG as the magnetic field in the postshock gas, we find that B
los in the preshock gas should be 0.1–0.8 mG. Although there are no thermal line Zeeman detections toward DR21W, such values are in good agreement with Zeeman measurements in the CN thermal line of 0.36 and 0.71 mG about 3.′5 away in DR21(OH) in gas of comparable density to the preshock gas density in DR21W. Comparison of our derived magnetic energy density with the kinetic energy density in DR21W indicates that magnetic fields likely play a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the postshocked gas in DR21W.
On the Broadband Synchrotron Spectra of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Authors: Xu Siyao , Klingler Noel , Kargaltsev Oleg , Zhang Bing 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
As shown by broadband observations, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are characterized by a broken power-law spectrum of synchrotron emission. Based on modern magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence theories, we investigate the reacceleration of electrons in the PWN through the adiabatic stochastic acceleration (ASA), which arises from fundamental dynamics of MHD turbulence. The ASA acts to flatten the injected energy spectrum of electrons at low energies, while synchrotron cooling results in a steep spectrum of electrons at high energies. Their dominance in different energy ranges leads to a flat radio spectrum (F

ν
) and a steep X-ray spectrum. Our analytical spectral shapes generally agree well with the observed synchrotron spectra of radio- and X-ray-bright PWNe. The spectral break corresponding to the balance between the ASA and synchrotron losses provides a constraint on the acceleration timescale of the ASA and the magnetic field strength in the PWN.
Energy Release from Magnetospheres Deformed by Gravitational Waves
Authors: Li Huiquan , Wang Jiancheng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this work, we consider the possibility of energy release in pulsar magnetospheres deformed by gravitational waves (GWs) from nearby sources. The strong electromagnetic fields in the magnetospheres may release non-negligible energy despite the weakness of the GW. When the background spacetime is perturbed due to the passage of a GW, the original force-free state of the inner magnetosphere will be slightly violated. The plasma-filled magnetosphere tends to evolve into new force-free states as the spacetime varies with time. During this process, a small portion of the electromagnetic energy stored in the magnetosphere will be released to the acceleration of charged particles along the magnetic field lines. When the pulsar is close enough to the GW source (e.g.,

pc to the GW sources observed recently), the resulting energy loss rate is comparable with the radio luminosity of the pulsar. It is also noticed that, under very stringent conditions (for magnetars with much shorter distance to the sources), the released energy can reach the typical energy observed from fast radio bursts.
COLDz: Shape of the CO Luminosity Function at High Redshift and the Cold Gas History of the Universe
Authors: Riechers Dominik A. , Pavesi Riccardo , Sharon Chelsea E. , Hodge Jacqueline A. , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Carilli Christopher L. , Aravena Manuel , da Cunha Elisabete , Daddi Emanuele , Dickinson Mark , Smail Ian , Capak Peter L. , Ivison Rob J. , Sargent Mark , Scoville Nicholas Z. , Wagg Jeff 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report the first detailed measurement of the shape of the CO luminosity function at high redshift, based on >320 hr of the NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations over an area of ∼60 arcmin2 taken as part of the CO Luminosity Density at High Redshift (COLDz) survey. COLDz “blindly” selects galaxies based on their cold gas content through CO(J = 1 → 0) emission at z ∼ 2–3 and CO(J = 2 → 1) at z ∼ 5–7 down to a CO luminosity limit of log(

/K km s−1 pc2) ≃ 9.5. We find that the characteristic luminosity and bright end of the CO luminosity function are substantially higher than predicted by semi-analytical models, but consistent with empirical estimates based on the infrared luminosity function at z ∼ 2. We also present the currently most reliable measurement of the cosmic density of cold gas in galaxies at early epochs, i.e., the cold gas history of the universe, as determined over a large cosmic volume of ∼375,000 Mpc3. Our measurements are in agreement with an increase of the cold gas density from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 2–3, followed by a possible decline toward z ∼ 5–7. These findings are consistent with recent surveys based on higher-J CO line measurements, upon which COLDz improves in terms of statistical uncertainties by probing ∼50–100 times larger areas and in the reliability of total gas mass estimates by probing the low-J CO lines accessible to the VLA. Our results thus appear to suggest that the cosmic star formation rate density follows an increased cold molecular gas content in galaxies toward its peak about 10 billion years ago, and that its decline toward the earliest epochs is likely related to a lower overall amount of cold molecular gas (as traced by CO) bound in galaxies toward the first billion years after the Big Bang.
ALMA Detection of Extreme Blueshifted Ionized Gas within 0.2 pc of Sgr A* from −480 to −300 km s−1
Authors: Royster M. J. , Yusef-Zadeh F. , Wardle M. , Kunneriath D. , Cotton W. , Roberts D. A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We have used the capabilities of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array to probe the ionized gas toward the Galactic center with the H30α mm hydrogen recombination line within 30″ of the Galaxy’s dynamical center. The observations are made with spatial and spectral resolutions of 0.″46 × 0.″35 and 3 km s−1, respectively. Multiple compact and extended sources are detected in the minicavity region with extreme negative radial velocities ranging from −480 to −300 km s−1 2″–3″ (0.08–0.12 pc) from Sgr A*. These are the highest radial velocities of ionized gas detected beyond the inner 1″ of Sgr A*. This new component is kinematically isolated from the orbiting ionized gas. The detected gas has a velocity gradient ranging from −50 to −200 km s−1 arcsec−1 located to the southwest of Sgr A* at a position angle of ∼−160°. Previous proper-motion measurements in the immediate vicinity of these extreme high-velocity ionized components have been made, and they show transverse velocities that range from 313 to 865 km s−1. If we assume that they are associated with one another, then the total velocity implies these components are gravitationally unbound. In addition, we report the kinematics of cometary radio and infrared sources. These sources are diagonally distributed with a position angle of ∼50° within 14″ of Sgr A*. We interpret the highly blueshifted features to the southwest where the minicavity is located, and the redshifted cometary sources to the northeast in terms of the interaction of a collimated outflow with an opening angle of ∼30°. An expected mass outflow rate of 2 × 10−7 or 4 × 10−5
M
⊙ yr−1 is estimated by a relativistic jet-driven outflow or collimated stellar winds, respectively.
M-subdwarf Research. I. Identification, Modified Classification System, and Sample Construction
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Luo A-Li , Comte Georges , Gizis John E. , Wang Rui , Li Yinbi , Qin Li , Kong Xiao , Bai Yu , Yi Zhenping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We propose a revision of the system developed by Lépine et al. for spectroscopic M-subdwarf classification. Based on an analysis of subdwarf spectra and templates from Savcheva et al., we show that the CaH1 feature originally proposed by Gizis is important in selecting reliable cool subdwarf spectra. This index should be used in combination with the [TiO5, CaH2+CaH3] relation provided by Lépine et al. to avoid misclassification results. In the new system, the dwarf–subdwarf separators are first derived from a sample of more than 80,000 M dwarfs and a “labeled” subdwarf subsample, and these objects are all visually identified from their optical spectra. Based on these two samples, we refit the initial [TiO5, CaH1] relation and propose a new [CaOH, CaH1] relation supplementing the [TiO5, CaH1] relation to reduce the impact of uncertainty in flux calibration on classification accuracy. In addition, we recalibrate the ζ
TiO/CaH parameter defined in Lépine et al. to enable its successful application to Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectra. Using this new system, we select candidates from LAMOST Data Release 4 and finally identify a set of 2791 new M-subdwarf stars, covering the spectral sequence from type M0 to M7. This sample contains a large number of objects located at low Galactic latitudes, especially in the Galactic anti-center direction, expanding beyond previously published halo- and thick disk-dominated samples. Besides, we detect magnetic activity in 141 objects. We present a catalog for this M-subdwarf sample, including radial velocities, spectral indices and errors, and activity flags, with a compilation of external data (photometric and Gaia Data Release 2 astrometric parameters). The catalog is provided online, and the spectra can be retrieved from the LAMOST Data Release web portal.
Long-lasting undetected neurocysticercosis
Authors: Kostić Aleksandar , Vidović Nataša , Miladinović-Tasić Nataša , Kostić Jovana , Nikolov Vesna , Stojanović Nebojša , Pavlović Miljana 
Published: February 2019

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the nervous system, nevertheless, it can remain undetected for a long period of time, especially if it occurs in non endemic areas and regions with low-endemicity. Inadequate diagnostic procedures and lack of clinician’s dedication towards this health issue can lead to a missed diagnose.
Herein, we present a case of a 51-year-old male, with a missed diagnosis of neurocysticercosis for more than two decades. A history of epilepsy had started twenty-one years earlier and was of unclear etiology. Recently, after neurological worsening and headaches, brain computed tomography and magnet resonance imaging was performed as well as Western blot immunoassay of serum and cerebrospinal fluid, surgery, and pathohistological examination of the extracted cysts. Neurocysticercosis was confirmed. Combined therapy that consisted of albendazole and prednisolone was administered for a period of four weeks. Also, antiepileptic therapy was continued. Both clinical status and brain imaging showed the apparent improvement in the patient’s condition.
Review of the literature was implemented in the discussion that deals with proper and adequate therapy option and outcome factors in neurocysticercosis patients. Over a long period of time, the majority of patients develop seizures as the most common symptom, which requires the administration of medications. Proper diagnostic procedures and adequate combination of surgery and conservative treatment areessential.
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for campylobacteriosis in Lebanon
Authors: Ibrahim Jose Noel , Eghnatios Elias , El Roz Ali , Fardoun Taher , Ghssein Ghassan 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The rapid increase in Campylobacter strains resistant to antibiotics represents a major problem for public health. In Lebanon, campylobacteriosis is underdiagnosed since bacteria detection in stool samples is not performed routinely. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, sources and routes of transmission, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter spp. in Lebanon.
Methodology: Stool samples collected from 1000 Lebanese patients with diarrhea, and 150 meat samples taken from supermarkets and slaughterhouses were subjected to Campylobacter detection. Colonies were identified by Gram staining, oxidase and catalase activities. They were then differentiated at the species level by hippurate test and PCR. Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. to antibiotics was studied by the disc diffusion standard method.
Results: Campylobacter spp. were detected in 21.5% of stool samples; the main isolated species being C. jejuni (83.2%) and C. coli (13.9%). The highest Campylobacter infection rates were detected among children (41.8%) and during summer (31.6%). Consumption of contaminated meat and salads, and contact with animals represented the major risk factors for campylobacteriosis, with poultry carcasses and bovine cuts identified as the main bacteria reservoirs. Neither demographic determinants nor season had a major effect on the prevalence of campylobacteriosis. Erythromycin was the most active agent against Campylobacter spp. A multi-resistance rate was observed in 35.9% of isolates.
Conclusions: Campylobacteriosis is a major public health concern in Lebanon. Bacteria detection in stool culture should be performed routinely to allow an early diagnosis and a better monitoring of the disease and its burden.
Adolescents problematic mobile phone use, Fear of Missing Out and family communication
Authors: Santana-Vega Lidia-E. , Gómez-Muñoz Ana-María , Feliciano-García Luis 
Published: February 2019

This research analyzes the problematic use of mobile phone, the phenomenon of fear of missing Out (FoMO) and the communication between parents and children in students who attend secondary education in public and private centers of the regions of Canary Islands, Balearic Islands and Valencia. The research involved 569 students aged between 12 and 19 years. The instruments used were the «Mobil phone related experiences questionnaire», the Spanish adaptation of the «Fear of missing out questionnaire» and the communication dimension with parents of the «Parents and peers attachment inventory». The results show that: 1) An increased problematic use of the mobile phone is associated with a higher level of FoMO; 2) The students who frequently use the mobile phone and communicate more with their friends have a higher average score in the «Mobile phone related experiences questionnaire» and in the «Fear of missing out questionnaire»; 3) The students that use the mobile phone for less time has a greater communication with fathers and mothers. We discuss the relevance of the study of FoMO and parents-children communication as factors that affect the problematic use of mobile phone in young people. Centers’ guidance teams, families and teachers have to create a common learning space to promote the responsible use of mobile phone.Este estudio analiza el uso problemático del móvil, el fenómeno de «Fear of missing out» (FoMO: temor de perderse experiencias o fobia a sentirse excluidos) y la comunicación entre padres e hijos/as en el alumnado que cursa educación secundaria en centros públicos y concertados de las Comunidades Autónomas de Canarias, Baleares y Valencia. En la investigación participaron 569 alumnos y alumnas con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de experiencias relacionadas con el móvil (CERM), la adaptación española del Cuestionario «Fear of Missing Out» (FoMO-E) y la dimensión de comunicación con padres y madres del «Inventario de apego con padres y pares». Los resultados muestran que: 1) A mayor uso problemático del móvil mayor nivel de FoMO; 2) El alumnado que usa con frecuencia el móvil y se comunica más con sus amigos tiene una puntuación media más alta en el «Cuestionario de experiencias relacionadas con el móvil» y en el «Cuestionario FoMO-E»; 3) El alumnado que usa menos horas el móvil tiene una mayor comunicación parento-filial. En el artículo se discute la relevancia del estudio del FoMO y de la comunicación parento-filial como factores que inciden en el uso problemático del móvil en los jóvenes. Las familias, el profesorado y los equipos de orientación en los centros han de crear un espacio de aprendizaje común para fomentar el uso responsable del móvil.
Les rapports sur les dépenses fiscales des pays en développement : une évaluation
Authors: Kassim Lanre , Mansour Mario 
Published: February 2019

Être en mesure d’estimer le coût des dépenses fiscales et comprendre leur importance en matière d’ajustement budgétaire par les recettes sont des compétences clés de la gestion macroéconomique, cette dernière étant susceptible d’occuper le centre des débats sur la capacité des pays en développement à mobiliser leurs ressources financières nationales pour atteindre leurs objectifs de développement durable. De même, la qualité des résultats d’une politique budgétaire dépend de la qualité des rapports sur les dépenses fiscales, qualité qui détermine en grande partie la fiabilité de ces publications comme outil analytique d’aide à la décision. Dans cette étude, nous examinons les rapports sur les dépenses fiscales de vingt-six pays en développement ou en transition, afin de déterminer s’ils mettent en évidence de bonnes pratiques, définies selon plusieurs critères clés. Si l’élaboration de ces rapports a connu une montée en puissance au cours des dernières décennies dans les pays en développement, la qualité de leur contenu demeure insatisfaisante dans plusieurs domaines. Pour exemple, environ 50 % seulement des pays de notre étude décrivent de manière assez détaillée leur régime fiscal de référence. Aucun pays (à l’exception de l’Uruguay) ne prend en compte le cadre temporel des dépenses fiscales (qui peuvent être permanentes ou temporaires). La publication de rapports sur ces dispositions fiscales dérogatoires est une obligation légale dans seulement dix-huit pays. Nombre de rapports sont incomplets quant au périmètre du régime fiscal de référence et aux critères abordés. Il est essentiel que les pays en développement améliorent la qualité et l’exhaustivité de leurs rapports sur les dépenses fiscales afin d’accroitre leur crédibilité dans l’élaboration de stratégies robustes de mobilisation des ressources publiques intérieures. Faute de quoi, ces rapports deviendront aussi volumineux qu’opaques, et ne présenteront que peu d’intérêt pour les citoyens. Pour finir, nous observons d’importants écarts entre les pays, qu’il s’agisse de la méthodologie employée, des données collectées ou des modalités d’établissement des rapports, de sorte que les comparaisons entre pays sont problématiques, si ce n’est illusoires.
A framework for evaluating the effectiveness of entrepreneurial teaching in higher education
Authors: Albertini Thérèse , Fabiani Thierry , Lameta Nathalie , Lima Marcos 
Published: February 2019

Cet article examine les pratiques actuelles de l’Université de Corte (France) destinées à stimuler l’esprit d’entrepreneuriat chez ses étudiants. Basé sur des années d’expérience, l’article propose un cadre pour évaluer l’efficacité perçue des programmes entrepreneuriaux dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Nous avons mené des entretiens qualitatifs avec des experts pour recueillir des évidences empiriques sur l’efficacité perçue des initiatives visant à développer l’esprit d’entreprise à l’université de Corte. Une analyse lexicale est appliquée pour comprendre certaines nuances du discours des interviewés. Les centaines de paragraphes de la transcription ont finalement été regroupés autour de quatorze facteurs clés pour former une typologie d’environnement entrepreneurial efficace. Ces facteurs ont servi de base à un sondage en ligne avec les principales parties prenantes. Sur la base de l’analyse conceptuelle et empirique, l’étude a trouvé trois facilitateurs stratégiques, huit facilitateurs pédagogiques et trois facilitateurs opérationnels pour développer efficacement l’intention entrepreneuriale chez les étudiants dans l’enseignement supérieur. Ces catalyseurs forment la base d’un cadre d’évaluation tridimensionnel pour étudier l’efficacité perçue des programmes d’entrepreneuriat. Classification JEL : I23, L26, I28
Retour sur le Project for the New American Century (1997-2006) et le « moment néoconservateur » post-Guerre froide
Authors: Bourgois Pierre 
Published: February 2019

Il y a 20 ans naissait le Project for the New American Century, think tank néoconservateur controversé dont l’objectif principal fut la promotion du leadership américain dans le monde. Fondé en 1997, le PNAC joua ainsi un rôle important dans la diffusion des idées néoconservatrices « dernière génération », que l’on considère généralement comme responsables de la politique étrangère menée par George W. Bush et plus particulièrement, des interventions militaires menées en Afghanistan et en Irak. Le PNAC est dissous en 2006 dans un contexte de crise globale pour le néoconservatisme américain. La trajectoire de son remplaçant, le Foreign Policy Initiative (2009-2017), ne fait finalement que confirmer la perte d’audience plus générale de ce courant de pensée. Ainsi, le PNAC semble pleinement incarner le « moment néoconservateur » post-Guerre froide.
Déterminants de l’attractivité d’une destination œnotouristique
Authors: Vo Thanh Tan , Kirova Valentina 
Published: February 2019

Compte tenu de la contribution grandissante de l’œnotourisme à l’économie mondiale, cette recherche a pour objectif d’étudier en profondeur les déterminants de l’attractivité d’une destination œnotouristique. Une vaste revue de la littérature permet de concevoir un cadre théorique intégratif qui conjugue à la fois les travaux sur le concept d’attractivité touristique et sur l’œnotourisme. La méthode Ahp ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ) est mobilisée pour évaluer l’importance relative de chacun des déterminants de l’attractivité œnotouristique. La contribution théorique principale de ce travail réside dans la proposition d’un cadre conceptuel qui prend en considération l’approche systémique en tourisme. Sur le plan managérial, les résultats clarifient les déterminants qui peuvent inciter les touristes à visiter une destination œnotouristique et qui par conséquent conditionnent son attractivité. L’importance relative de chacun de ces déterminants constitue un outil de décision pour les managers d’une destination œnotouristique. Classification JEL : L83, M31
Les entretiens d’explicitation et de décryptage du sens : un accès privilégié aux logiques subjectives de développement professionnel en recherche comme en formation
Authors: Tardif Bourgoin Florence 
Published: February 2019

Notre contribution propose d’envisager les entretiens d’explicitation (Vermersch, 1994) et de décryptage du sens (Faingold, 1998) parmi les approches théoriques en analyse de l’activité qui s’intéressent « à l’expérience subjective vécue en situation, c’est-à-dire à ce que les acteurs font et à la façon dont ils vivent ce qu’ils font » (Mouchet, 2016). Dans le prolongement d’une recherche doctorale dans laquelle nous avons mobilisé un dispositif articulant des entretiens d’explicitation et de décryptage du sens sur le terrain associatif de l’intervention sociale (Tardif-Bourgoin, 2017), nous proposons ici de repérer en quoi cet outil de recueil des verbalisations constitue un accès privilégié aux transformations qui affectent les professionnels du point de vue des logiques subjectives qui les animent.