bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic buildings as a substantial part of the teaching system. The case of the new building design at the School of Engineering, National University of Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Piacentini Ruben , Vega Marcelo , Morabito Julieta , Rene Estevez Maria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The population growth observed in the past decades demands that future buildings will have to include energy-efficiency measures as well as their own clean energy production plant, in order to be of very low or, if possible, positive net energy. This means that buildings will produce, on an annual basis, more energy than they will consume. The design of the new building for the School of Engineering, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Engineering and Surveying, National University of Rosario, Argentina, is given as an example of this kind of building. The building techniques applied in this design include: autoclaved aerated concrete in walls and insulation thermal roof panels, high energy and water consumption efficiency, photovoltaic power supply and sensors/dataloggers and actuators placed in the main equipment and sites. With these technological improvements, several analyses yielded reductions of 70%, in comparison with conventional buildings. Regarding the energy consumption of the facility, this is estimated at 29620 KWh/year, resulting in an energy intensity of about 25.7 KWh/(m2year). The energy annually produced by the PV plant (58491 KWh/year) exceeds what is required, which makes the facility a positive energy building in +49.4%, being this surplus exported to the National Electrical Interconnected System. The positive (clean) energy building implies that it avoids the emission to the atmosphere of a given quantity of greenhouse gases, in the present case 20647 TnCO2eq. In this way, through a comprehensive design of buildings, the construction sector can collaborate on the global contamination reduction and, consequently, global warming mitigation.
Aesthetic Delirious Urbanism – Rem Koolhaas
Authors: Lacerda Neto Filipe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
According to Rem Koolhaas, the ’70s had a great impact on the western economic life. It was the beginning of two twin systems: financial and political, the liberalism and the globalisation. During this decade, New York is the stage of the decaying show of organised crime, drugs and social and financial crisis. In 1977, in an attempt to save the city, the campaign “I ♥ NY” is launched. It emphasises the possibilities of New York´s urban and frenetic life. The city proclaims itself as the centre of the world, at least of the western world. As a consequence, driven by a blind patriotism, or even delirious, Manhattan´s architects took possession of the most obvious characteristics of the city´s architecture of the period before the Second World War. A new old city develops. According to Rem Koolhaas, it is an architecture made of money “shots”. In 1978, Koolhaas publishes his retroactive manifesto “Delirious New York”, where, in due course, he draws attention to the constant relation between the city and the new all over the centuries. In this manifesto, Koolhaas reveals his fascination with the modernity and urbanity. His work depicts Manhattan’s evolution since its “Prehistory” – before the European’s occupation – as an experience of modernity. An island that is a pioneer in the problems that affect the main capitals of the world today, but also a pioneer in the attempts of solving, or at least maintaining, the chaos that it contains. The aim of this written essay is to analyse and clarify how the fascination with the new technology, and the way this relates to what is banal – urban – delirium – represent aesthetic criteria in Koolhaas’s work.
Pre-Existence and Project – Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library
Authors: Lacerda Neto Filipe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Portuguese architecture – from traditional architecture to nowadays – is universally famous for the attention that gives to its territorial implementation. The way the architecture is placed in a particular location, as well as the way the location is changed by the presence of the architecture – the way it is redefined – are questions inherent in any architecture, particularly the Portuguese architecture, which has responded with special care in general terms. This document aims to investigate the pre-existence in architecture, to see it as a starting point and an essential tool that allows the creation of unique projects. The purpose is to obtain a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of the topic in question, in order to understand the processes that create buildings and cities through the ruins. Tavira is a Portuguese city in the district of Faro, region and subregion of Algarve, and one of Algarve’s cities that has a strong tradition regarding its built past. It is in this context of a strong urban identity that Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library is implemented. The architectural proposal is born in the old prison of Tavira, built in the 20th century and converted into a municipal library. Thus, we intend to study and investigate the potential of Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library and, based on its analysis, to substantiate the explanation of the project, its architectural strategies and solutions.
Analysis of Influence of the Dolomite Inactive Mineral Filler Quantity on Properties of Deep Cold Recycled Mixtures with Foamed Bitumen
Authors: Buczynski Przemyslaw , Iwanski Marek 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The subject of research presented in article was an assessment of the impact of inactive mineral filler content, i.e. dolomite dust, on the recycled cold mix properties with foamed bitumen. The analysis of the impact of dolomite mineral dust was made on the basis of the experiment design type 33. It consisted of three levels of foamed bitumen factor in the range from 1.2% to 3.6% with a 1.2% step and the amount of mineral dust factor in range from 5% to 20% with a 7.5% step. Dolomite dust is a waste material derived from aggregate mining. Foamed bitumen was obtained from foaming process of the neat bitumen 50/70 at water temperature of 25ºC and its amount of 2.7%. In order to increase the cohesion of the recycled cold mix with foamed bitumen, Portland cement CEM I 32.5 R in amount of 2.0% was used. The assessment of the impact of quantitative variables was carried out in accordance with the adopted plan of the experiment that assumed the determination of physical and mechanical properties such as: resistance to climatic factors, dynamic modulus (E*) and phase angle. Analysis of the test results shown that factors quantity affects the variability of analysed features. In the entire scope of experiment plan, the obtained free space values met the requirements in required guidelines. The highest sealing of the recycled mixture was observed for the entire dolomite dust dosage but at maximum amount of foamed bitumen amounted to 3.6%. It was also observed that the maximum water resistance (TSR) was obtained for mixtures with a minimum amount of mineral dust (5%) as well as the maximum amount of dust in the recycled cold mix (20%). However, it was depended of the amount of foamed asphalt in a recycled mixture composition. The study also was considered the influence of the amount of dolomite mineral dust on the change in stiffness modulus tested by means of IT-CY and DTC-CY procedure. It was shown that either stiffness modulus measured by IT-CY or DTC-CY are foam bitumen and dust amount dependent. To assess the rheological properties, the direct compression-compression test (DTC-CY) was used. All samples were subjected to a cyclic sinusoidal constant strain with an amplitude of εo <25με. The tests were carried out in the temperature range (-7ºC, 5ºC, 13ºC, 25ºC, 40ºC) and loading time (0.1 Hz, 0.3 Hz, 1 Hz, 3 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz). It was found a significant variability of recycled base stiffness depending on loading time and temperature.
Marano and Grado Lagoon: Narrowing of the Lignano Inlet
Authors: Petti Marco , Bosa Silvia , Pascolo Sara , Uliana Erika 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The morphological evolution of a lagoon tidal inlet over a medium-long period is a very important research topic since it can greatly affect both the hydrodynamic balance of the coastal environment and all the several human activities related to its proper functioning. The morphodynamic balance, which is the result mainly of the complex interaction of tidal currents and wind waves, can also be deeply influenced by the presence of maritime structures that are required for sea defence. This is the case of the Lignano inlet, which has undergone a progressive narrowing during last decades. In order to investigate the causes of this process and to evaluate possible solutions for the consequent filling of the port access canal, a morphodynamic-spectral coupled model has been applied to this context. Results are presented and discussed confirming that the numerical modelling can be used as a useful engineering tool for the correct management and the integrated planning of coastal zones.
Structural and Thermal Insulation Materials Based on High-Strength Anhydrite Binder
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory , Drochytka Rostislav , Pervushin Grigory , Grahov Valery , Kalabina Darya , Gordina Anastasia , Ginchitskaya Julia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The properties of a structural and thermal insulation composition based on a high-strength anhydrite binder based on fluoroanhydrite and expanded perlite sand have been studied. Fluoroanhydrite is a waste product of hydrofluoric acid and it is an eco-friendly material. Due to the processing of man-made anhydrite, it is possible to reduce the harm caused to nature in places of raw materials dumps, as well as significantly reduce the cost of producing new construction materials. The use of anhydrite compounds in the manufacture of products is limited with low speed setting and hardening. To activate the structure formation of the anhydrite binder, 3% aqueous solution of sodium phosphate Na3PO4 was used. Expanded perlite sand was used as an ultralight aggregate. As a result of the experiments, it was possible to obtain a lightweight composition possessing high strength. Studies of the microstructure and X-ray microanalysis showed new formations appearing in the interfacial zone at the border of the anhydrite binder and expanded perlite, which is confirmed by the results of the infrared spectroscopy. Also there has been noted the consolidation of the anhydrite binder structure by nanodispersed structures formed in the intercrystallite pores of the anhydrite binder. The developed composition can serve as a cheap substitute for gypsum in the production of warm plaster, gypsum boards, architectural elements by molding, tongue-and-groove slabs, wall blocks, as well as wall thermal insulation during frame construction, including for filling hollow masonry.
Required model content and information workflows enabling proficient BIM usage
Authors: Cesnik Jure , Zibert Marko , Lah Martin , Skalja Matic 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The modern issue within the construction industry is its conservative approach to innovation and poor data management. In a world where information means everything and efficient workflows are becoming the norm for advanced businesses, not using the attainable data pool is a recipe for stagnation and even regression. Different ways to mitigate the risks involved in building projects have been developed at the design company Elea iC to become more flexible and efficient. Through several large-scale high-rise and tunnelling BIM projects in the past four years, engineers at Elea iC have identified two crucial development barriers for advanced proficient BIM usage. The first is organizing the BIM models: internal model structure, information required in models, and how this information is written into models. The second barrier is establishing crucial information workflows to achieve valuable practical results. Exploration of the required model content and its organization together with data workflows are thus the main purposes of this article. Incremental improvement from project to project was needed to provide a much-needed baseline for crucial project data which makes 4D, 5D and 6D BIM modelling possible. A database structure for model properties was developed, from which consistent properties can be inserted into all project BIM models. This provides a unified internal standard ensuring the correct level of information modelling. At the same time essential workflows for BIM implementation, modelling, data sharing, and information management were also developed. Standard BIM software was used to create the base models, but collaboration with other software developers and adapting their solutions was needed in order to attain the desired outcomes of advanced BIM analyses. As more and more clients require advanced BIM solutions for their projects, neglecting to develop and implement new ways of using BIM will diminish companies’ potential in the market in the long run. This paper demonstrates that BIM, coupled with databases including standard model content requirements and information workflows, can provide a credible solution for proficient project data management in the construction industry. Therefore, BIM must not be seen as an impractical tool only requiring additional expenses, but as a system that needs internal company development to be adequately utilized and profited from.
Hybrid Approach to Predict the Track Deterioration in a Railway in-Service: A Conceptual Design
Authors: de Melo Andre L. O. , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Papaelias Mayorkinos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The track supports the loads of the railway vehicles and guides their movements. Its excellence determines the permissible wheel load, speed, safety and reliability of the rail operation. None railway can expect to survive in a competitive economy if its track is an obstacle to safety, reliability and proper service. The effects of all adverse features on the track are cumulative and track components require a routine of attention and renewal at frequent intervals. If the permanent way is not perfectly levelled and aligned, irregularities cause oscillations or vibrations of the train, which can cause discomfort to the passenger and damage to the freight, and the worst: a catastrophic accident. In planning a new track or improving one in-service, it is important to be able to predict the probable asset deterioration rate as a function of the variables related to the train and its periodicity. This may contribute significantly in planning, engineering, operational, and maintenance activities. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual design of a hybrid numerical and experimental approach to predict the track deterioration in a railway in-service based on empirical-mechanistic and probabilistic theories.
Parameters and Boundary Conditions in Modelling the Track Deterioration in a Railway System
Authors: de Melo Andre L. O. , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Papaelias Mayorkinos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The main function of the railway track is to support the loads of the railway vehicles and to guide their movements. To investigate the effect of a specific load on the track, the evaluation of the different function of the elements is necessary. Each track component has its own mechanical parameters, which in most case cannot be restored without parts replacements. The development of the track structure has some component properties more important than others. With Finite Element Model (FEM) software packages available, the use of them for simulation and analysis of track components has become an accurate tool when supported by a hybrid approach. In FEM, special attention needs to be given to the boundary conditions and linear or nonlinear interactions between track components. The aim of this paper is to present, in applying to model the track deterioration in a railway system, the mapping of both parameters and boundary conditions, their descriptions, properties, interfaces and how these occur in a railway track in-service.
Differences in the Cost Calculation for Construction Work, Road Transport and Water Supply
Authors: Nowak Jiří , Mrňová Zuzana , Tichá Alena , Tichý Jan , Vázlerová Marcela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a method of cost and price calculation of construction work, road transport and water and sewerage charges in the Czech Republic. Costs represent an important economic category that is closely related to the price. Each company must perfectly manage costing, especially absorption costing, which consists of budgeting overhead costs on the production (performance, products and services). Absorption costing is characterized by including indirect (overhead) costs together with direct costs of production into the calculation, i.e. it must absorb them completely into the costs. The absorption method is represented by the surcharge calculation. However, creating the calculation formula for absorption costing and the procedure of cost and price calculation have their specifics in various branches of the economy. Differences can be seen in examples of selected case studies. They deal with the representative cost and price calculation of construction work on a particular construction, cost and price calculation of the road transport and one-component and two-component cost and price calculation of the water and sewerage charges. All types of calculation must reflect the economic situation of the company marketing of a new product. The diversity of the product types mentioned above indicates the need for other inputs in the calculation and different calculation procedures. Without mastering absorption costing, it is not possible to introduce more accurate calculation methods, such as the Dynamic Calculation with Contribution Margin or in the next step implement the Balanced Scorecard. Correct absorption costing can be checked by the fact that the sum of all company production costs must correspond to the sum of the financial accounting cost accounts. However, cost control is not the subject of this article.
Microstructure of High C3A Portland Slag Cement Pastes, Modified with Accelerating Admixtures for Concrete
Authors: Pizon Jan , Lazniewska-Piekarczyk Beata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Modern concrete technology includes mineral additives and chemical admixtures usage. It is caused by their beneficial influence on properties of concrete mix and hardened concrete. Accelerating admixtures for concrete are commonly used for shortening of time demanded for demoulding and repeat use of forms in precast facilities. They allow to conduct works during low-temperature season. Main advantage of accelerating admixtures is enhancement of early strength of concrete. Alas they may cause decrease of long-term strength and durability of concrete or increase its shrinkage One of the most popular mineral additives is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). It is non-clinker main constituent of CEM II, CEM III and CEM V. GGBFS may be also used as additive with latent hydraulic properties for concrete. GGBFS as constituent of concrete increases consistency, long-term strength and durability, and decreases hydration heat evolution. Early compressive strength of concrete with GGBFS is lower than for Portland cement concrete. Accelerating admixtures and ground granulated blast furnace slag show advantages and disadvantages that can be equalized. In early terms calcium nitrate and crystal seeds enhanced compressive strength. Their efficiency is similar. Cement kiln dust also caused increase of compressive strength but not as much as former ones. Sodium hydroxide caused great increase of compressive strength after 12 hours but not in longer terms. In case of cements rich with C3A the compressive strength in early stage of hardening is shaped by C-S-H phase and well-developed ettringite crystal skeleton. In spite of minor differences in non-modified and calcium nitrate modified cement pastes microstructure, the compressive strength of calcium nitrate modified mortars is significantly greater in comparison to non-modified ones. The greatest compressive strength was achieved by mortar modified with crystal seeds. Responsible for this increase is more well-developed C-S-H phase. Mortars modified with sodium hydroxide are weaker after 2 days of curing in comparison to non-modified mortar. It is caused by sparse ettringite crystal skeleton. Microstructures of non-modified and modified with cement kiln dust (CKD) cement pastes are similar. It is connected with similarity of chemical composition of CKD and Portland clinker. The compressive strength of CKD modified mortars is slightly greater than non-modified one.
Numerical Analysis of Electrodes Position for Delamination Detection by Using Electric Resistance Change Method
Authors: Kovalovs Andrejs 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The electric resistance method for detection of the internal delamination in laminated carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers composite material has been explored in the paper. The effect of spacing between electrodes on the crack detection efficiency has been investigated. The problem has been solved by the method of planning of the experiment and response surface method by using 2-D finite element model. The distance between the electrodes and the crack length have been selected as the parameters of the study. The results of the numerical solution have been obtained by using the four probe method of measurement of the surface and oblique electrical resistance. The optimal distance between the inner and outer probes for the effective detection of the crack and delamination has been determined. The influence of the distance between the internal and external probes has been identified to have greater effect on the detection of the crack than the distance between the internal probes.
Simulation of Heat Losses of a Distribution Network with Different Technical Structure and Under Different Operating Conditions for a District Heating and Cooling System
Authors: Zwierzchowski Ryszard , Niemyjski Olgierd 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a simulation of heat losses of a distribution network with different technical structure and under different operating conditions for a District Heating and Cooling (DHC) system. The DHC system consists of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant and a Distribution Network (DN) with chambers and heat and cold substations. The different operating conditions of the DHC systems result in the DNs having variable transportation losses. The result of the analysis was used to verify the models and calculation methods of the fluid flow and heat losses in the DN, when cold is generated using either absorption or adsorption chillers. Different technical structure of a DN means a system of connected underground and aboveground piping with different diameters. DNs in Poland are usually installed as an underground, traditionally insulated piping placed in the concrete ducts (large diameter main pipelines) or a pre-insulated piping placed directly in the ground. The total heat losses of the DN differ according to the individual systems and depend on the size of the DHC system, its heating loads and quality of insulation of the piping. This paper presents the results of the numerical calculation of the temperature distribution in the soil around the piping channel using an FDA model. These results were utilized for numerical simulation of the water and heat flow through the DN and calculation of heat transportation losses. The numerical simulation of heat losses was performed for the particular system of connected underground and aboveground piping with different diameters. Finally, the heat transportation losses of the DN were calculated and compared for analyzed District Heating (DH) system i.e. without cold consumers and for the DHC system, when cold for consumers is generated using either the absorption or the adsorption chillers.