bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐frequency induction heating for gear hardening: converter, resonant circuit, and FEM modelling
Authors: Kierepka Kamil , Legutko Piotr , Zimoch Piotr , Kasprzak Marcin 
Published: September 2018

In order to achieve required mechanical properties of hardened elements, such as gear wheels, dual‐frequency induction heating may be used. Dual‐frequency allows heating only the outline of the gear, due to mixed penetration depth of the subject frequencies. This method of hardening requires the process to be very short as heat may spread by means of conduction. This study presents a 3 kW prototype inverter and its control scheme is used to generate dual‐frequency output current. The overall efficiency of the inverter is 96%. An analysis of the output resonant circuit is made to find the resonant frequencies. Finally, circuit and finite element method (FEM) simulations are coupled to analyse the effect of dual‐frequency current on the magnetic field, current density, and energy density on the surface of a gear wheel.
Hyperelastic modelling of yarn structures for dynamic applications
Authors: del Sorbo Pietro , Girardot Jeremie , Dau Frederic , Iordanoff Ivan 
Published: September 2018

Dry fabrics comprised of high performance polymeric fibers have been widely used as protection layers in structures submitted to high velocity impacts (HVI). Their outstanding impact energy dissipation ability combined with an high strength-to-weight ratio make them a preferable choice in different applications such as bullet vests or blade containment systems over standard materials. Among the different approaches adopted to study these structures numerical methods assume a central role.
Thanks to their reduced costs and the related possibility of evaluating the effects of single phenomena, they are often used to predict the structure ballistic limits or to study the physical events which occur during the penetration.
Among the different strategies adopted to model a fabric, mesoscopic models have been largely adopted by different authors. These models assume the yarns as a continuum body while the fabric geometry is explicitly described. Nowadays yarn material models are universally assumed to be linear elastic and orthotropic. This modelling approach mostly focuses on the longitudinal behaviour of the yarn, however fiber-scale analyses and experimental results shows the importance of three-dimensional stress state on the ballistic limit.
In order to obtain a three-dimensional description of the yarn strain state during the impact, a novel hyperelastic model for yarn structures here is developed. In a first step, fiber-level preliminary analyses have been performed to obtain the effective behaviour of these structure under the projectile collision. In the second step, the hyperelastic model has been implemented and identified thanks to microscopic elementary tests. Finally, a continuum model of the yarn have been performed. First results show the relevance of the hyperelastic model compared to the fiber-level observation and enhance the limit of the classical linear elastic material model.
Update: PET/CT und PET/MRT bei Tumoren des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches
Authors: Grosse Jirka , Hellwig Dirk 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) mit 18F-Fluorodesoxyglukose (FDG) in Verbindung mit einer Computertomografie (CT) wird bei speziellen Indikationen in der Diagnostik bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren eingesetzt. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten umfassen die Suche nach einem okkulten Primärtumor bei zervikaler Lymphknotenmetastasierung mit zuvor inkonklusiver Diagnostik, das lokale Staging, die Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens nach Radio(chemo)therapie sowie Nachsorgeuntersuchungen, wenn zwischen therapieinduzierten Gewebealterationen und einem Tumorrezidiv differenziert werden muss. Der Erfolg einer Bestrahlung in Hochpräzisionslagerungstechnik (Stereotaxie) bzw. einer intensitätsmodulierten Strahlentherapie scheint durch die Bestimmung des Tumorvolumens unter Einbeziehung der PET/CT verbessert zu werden. Die kombinierte PET/Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) bietet in diesem Indikationsfeld durch höhere anatomische Detailgenauigkeit Vorteile beim Staging hinsichtlich der Beurteilung des lokalen und lokoregionären Befundes, ist der PET/CT bei der Detektion pulmonaler Metastasen/Zweittumore jedoch deutlich unterlegen.Auf dem höchstmöglichen Evidenzniveau einer randomisierten Studie wurde gezeigt, dass man bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Kopf-Hals-Tumor bei unauffälliger FDG-PET/CT nach Radiochemotherapie operative Eingriffe ohne Überlebensnachteil vermeiden kann. Die FDG-PET/CT bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren konnte dadurch vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) als notwendige Leistung für die Versorgung gesetzlich Versicherter anerkannt werden.
Update PET in der Pädiatrischen Onkologie
Authors: Roll Wolfgang , Dirksen Uta , Weckesser Matthias 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie PET/CT wird bei vielen kindlichen Tumorentitäten eingesetzt und hat beim Hodgkin-Lymphom bereits Eingang in nationale und internationale Leitlinien gefunden. Die PET ermöglicht eine semiquantitative Messung der metabolischen Tumoraktivität und damit eine frühe Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens sowie der Vitalität von Tumorrestgewebe oder eines Rezidivs. Für verschiedene Fragestellungen stehen unterschiedliche metabolische und molekulare Marker zur Verfügung.In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Indikationen für PET im Kindesalter sowie die besonderen Anforderungen in der Durchführung und Befundung dargelegt. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung der neuen PET/MRT für die Diagnostik kindlicher Tumore diskutiert.
Somatostatinrezeptor-PET
Authors: Haug Alexander 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie SSTR-PET/CT ist Goldstandard in der Bildgebung von G1-/G2-NET. Sie hat eine signifikant höhere diagnostische Genauigkeit als die CT, erlaubt eine zuverlässige Primär- und Rezidivdiagnostik, und hat dadurch einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das therapeutische Management von Patienten mit NET. Eine Therapie mit kalten SSA muss für die SSTR-PET nicht unterbrochen werden. Die SSTR-PET/MRT kann sicherlich noch nicht als Standard angesehen werden, kann aber insbesondere bei Leber- und Knochenmetastasen hilfreich sein. Neue Entwicklungen in Richtung antagonistische SSA sind vielversprechend.
Schiff ahoi!
Authors: Tülsner Jens , Herrfurth Ramona 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie heutigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Fachkrankenpflegern sind breit. Verschiedene Disziplinen innerhalb und außerhalb des Krankenhauses sind dabei jedem
bekannt, der sich gedanklich mit einer Veränderung seines beruflichen Umfelds beschäftigt. Mancher denkt auch über die Landesgrenzen hinaus, bezieht das nähere
oder weitere Ausland in die Überlegungen für einen neuen Schritt mit ein. Dieser Artikel macht mit einem weiteren, weitgehend unbekannten Einsatzgebiet
vertraut: Haben Sie schon einmal daran gedacht, auf einem Kreuzfahrtschiff zu arbeiten?
Sport nach Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik
Authors: Boettner Friedrich , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Rueckl Kilian , Liebau Christian 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMit der Einführung neuer Materialien in die Hüft- und Knieendoprothetik sowie der Verbesserung der Prothesenverankerung im Knochen scheinen die Voraussetzungen
für eine stärkere Belastung künstlicher Endoprothesen erfüllt. Die Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der sportlichen Betätigung nach Implantation einer Knie- oder
Hüftprothese sind in den letzten 20 Jahren jedoch den implantattechnischen Verbesserungen nicht angepasst worden. Gerade in der Hüftendoprothetik erlaubt die
heute bevorzugte Verwendung von unzementierten Implantaten sowie der Einzug von hoch vernetztem Polyethylen einen deutlich aktiveren Lebenswandel, ohne dass
erhöhte Lockerungsraten und Komplikationen befürchtet werden müssen. Die hier vorgestellte Veröffentlichung fasst den gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand aus der
Literatur zusammen.
Which Antimicrobial Agent is Likely to be the Best for Treating Clostridium difficile Infections? A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Vancomycin, metronidazole, fidaxomicin, teicoplanin, fusidic acid and bacitracin have been recommended for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing all the antimicrobial agents used in CDI.
Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing antimicrobial agents used for CDI. Risk of bias was assessed. Random effects model was used to derive the mixed treatment comparison estimates. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used as effect estimate.
Results Seventeen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Teicoplanin was observed to perform better than vancomycin, metronidazole, fusidic acid and bacitracin to achieve the symptomatic cure. Teicoplanin was also associated with higher rates of bacteriological cure than vancomycin and metronidazole. Fidaxomicin is associated with significantly higher rates of symptomatic cure than vancomycin, bacitracin and metronidazole and is similar to teicoplanin.
Conclusion To conclude, teicoplanin and fidaxomicin have been observed to perform better than other antimicrobials for the treatment of CDI. We recommend conducting high quality randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating teicoplanin and fidaxomicin with other standard interventions for the management of CDI.
Long-Term Effect of Lactation on Maternal Cardiovascular Function and Adiposity in a Murine Model
Authors: Herrera Sandra , Vincent Kathleen , Poole Aaron , Olson Gayle , Patrikeev Igor , Saada Jamal , Gamble Phyllis , Motamedi Massoud , Saade George , Stuebe Alison , Bytautiene Prewit Egle 
Published: September 2018

Objective Epidemiological studies suggest that lactation is associated with long-term maternal health benefits. To avoid confounders in human studies, we used a previously characterized murine model to investigate the long-term effect of lactation on both cardiovascular function and adiposity.
Study Design After the delivery of the pups, CD-1 female mice were randomly divided into two groups: lactated and nonlactated (NL). Before pregnancy and at 9 months postdelivery, blood pressure was measured using a tail cuff, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed by computed tomography (CT), echocardiography was performed using microultrasound, and cholesterol panels and fasting blood glucose were measured. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test (significance at p < 0.05).
Results There were no differences in baseline parameters between the two groups. At 9 months postdelivery, the NL group weighed significantly more (p = 0.03) and demonstrated a significantly lower cardiac output (p = 0.05) and ejection fraction (p = 0.03). The mice in the NL group also had higher VAT (p < 0.01) and SAT percentiles (p = 0.03). Fasting glucose (p = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in the NL group at 9 months.
Conclusion Our results show the benefit of lactation is not just limited to the immediate postpartum period but it also extends into midlife in a murine model.
Incidence of Drug Abuse in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Population
Authors: Roche Martin , Law Tsun , Sodhi Nipun , Rosas Samuel , Kurowicki Jennifer , Disla Shanell , Wang Kevin , Mont Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubstance abuse can have strong negative impacts on surgical outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of drug abuse in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Specifically, we identified revision TKA (RTKA): (1) incidence, (2) causes, (3) time to revision, and (4) patient demographics in patients with a history of drug abuse. The Medicare database within the PearlDiver Supercomputer (Warsaw, IN) was queried to identify 2,159,221 TKAs performed between 2005 and 2012. Drug abuse was subdivided into cocaine, cannabis, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics (SHA), amphetamines, and alcohol abusers. The effect of drug use on the incidence and cause for RTKA, time to revision, as well as patient demographics were correlated using multivariate, analysis of variance, and regression analyses. There was a significant increase in the number of primary TKAs in cocaine (p = 0.011), cannabis (p < 0.001), opioid (p < 0.001), SHA (p < 0.001), amphetamine (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001) users. Amphetamine users had the fastest mean time to revision (691 days, standard deviation: 679 days). At 30-, 90-day, and 6-month postoperative, cocaine had the highest proportion of patients requiring RTKA (7, 12, and 20%, respectively), and at 1-year alcohol abusers (38%, p < 0.001). Infection was the most common cause of revision in all drug abuse/dependent cohorts. Age distributions varied significantly by group for primary TKA (p < 0.001). Comorbidity status was similar in all RTKA patients as determined by comparison of the mean Charlson comorbidity index scores (p = 0.091). Based on these results, drug abuse patients are at increased risk for RTKA. These high-risk patients should, therefore, be appropriately risk stratified and receive comprehensive postoperative pain management.
The Difference in Sibling Birthweight and Neonatal Death: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Tabet Maya , Flick Louise , Xian Hong , Chang Jen 
Published: September 2018

Background There has been a call for customized rather than population-based birthweight standards that would classify smallness based on an infant's own growth potential. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between the difference in sibling birthweight and the likelihood of neonatal death among second births in a U.S. population.
Study Design This was a population-based cohort study including 179,300 women who delivered their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989–2005). We performed binary logistic regression to evaluate the association between being relatively smaller than the elder full- or half-sibling (i.e., smaller by at least 500 g) and neonatal death (i.e., deaths in the first 28 days of life) among second births after controlling for sociodemographic and pregnancy-related variables in the second pregnancy.
Results The adjusted odds of neonatal death were 2.54-times higher among second births who were relatively smaller than their elder sibling. Among relatively small second births, every 100-g increase in the difference in sibling birthweight was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of neonatal death.
Conclusion The deviation from the elder sibling's birthweight predicts neonatal death. Taking into consideration the elder sibling's birthweight may be warranted in clinical and research settings.
Similar Outcomes of Two-Stage Revisions for Infection and One-Stage Revisions for Aseptic Revisions of Knee Endoprostheses
Authors: Konrads Christian , Franz Arno , Hoberg Maik , Rudert Maximilian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo-stage revision knee arthroplasty using an antibiotic-loaded spacer is the most widely performed procedure for infected knee arthroplasties. The clinical outcome of this type of surgery compared with aseptic joint revision with exchange of tibial and femoral components is still controversial. Therefore, we analyzed clinical outcomes of septic two-stage revisions compared with aseptic one-stage revision total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). In a retrospective study, we assessed 135 consecutive patients who underwent two-stage revision for septic TKA (52 patients) and one-stage aseptic total knee revision arthroplasty (83 patients). The average follow-up was 26.1 months for the aseptic group and 26.5 months for the septic group. For clinical evaluation, we used the Knee Society Score, Oxford Knee Score, Kujala score, Turba score, and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Postoperative pain level was determined using the visual analog pain scale. The surgeries were performed 51 months (aseptic group) and 24 months (septic group) after primary TKA on average. The main indications for aseptic revision surgeries were instability (40%), aseptic loosening (22.4%), anterior knee pain due to pathologies of the patella (11.8%), or material wear (5.9%). In the clinical outcome, patients achieved 124.8 points in the aseptic group and 105.4 points in the septic group in the Knee Society Score. The Oxford Knee Score revealed 29.9 points for the aseptic group and 33.9 points for the septic group. For the Kujala score, we found 53.2 points in the aseptic group and 48.5 points in the septic group. For the Turba score, we found 8.4 points in the aseptic group and 10.8 points in the septic group. The SF-36 (psychical) showed 52.2 versus 49.5 points and the SF-36 (physical) showed 36.5 versus 35.4 points. Mean level of persisting pain on the visual analog scale was 3.0 (aseptic group) and 3.5 (septic group). Performing septic two-stage or aseptic one-stage tibial and femoral revision knee arthroplasty showed similar clinical outcomes in relation to objective and subjective outcome measures.
Focusing on phenomics to unlock the potential of livestock genomics.
Authors: Juárez M. , Roberts J. C. , López-Campos O. , Prieto N. , Aalhus J. L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Advances in genomic technologies have decreased costs associated with research and led to a better understanding of the impact of genetic variations on livestock production traits. In this context, the collection of abundant, accurate phenotypic data has often become the limiting factor in the progress of livestock genomics and related fields. To improve understanding of the genotype-phenotype map and its complex interactions, a deeper knowledge of the influence of production systems and pre-/post-harvest conditions on the final phenotype is required. Hence, collecting both high-density phenotypic and environmental data is a major challenge for livestock production research. To address this challenge, phenotypes of interest, from gene expression to animal product characteristics, need to be clearly identified, standardized and collected in computable formats. High-throughput techniques are being developed in collaborative efforts from multiple research disciplines to collect data at different points of the production value chain. Research networks and collaborations with private companies will enhance data sharing and scientific progress. New bioinformatics approaches and advanced data management, processing and analysis methods are essential to integrate and interpret the large amounts of data generated by multiple sources. A better understanding of the phenome and access to valuable phenotypic data, coupled with the new wave of functional genomics, will result in unprecedented advances to economically important traits for livestock production systems.
The History and Historical Stance of Law and Economics
Authors: Harris Ron 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Law and Economics is arguably the most influential and controversial scholarly and jurisprudential movement in the U.S. in recent decades. This chapter first presents the pre-1970 intellectual bedrock of the movement. It then analyses the ways in which the formative period of the movement in Chicago (1970–1985) shaped the particular interaction between law and economics that the movement embraced—namely economic analysis of legal rules. Next, it surveys the expansion of law and economics beyond Chicago, as it became more pluralistic and global, and the challenges to its coherence and viability in law schools. Lastly, it evaluates the prospects for more historical orientation, given internal challenges and external opportunities, such as the turn to empirical legal studies and the institutional turn in economics.
Legal History as Doctrinal History
Authors: Getzler Joshua 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates the idea of doctrine as a focus of historical scholarship, asking how the doctrinal mentality arose, and how historical approaches to doctrine emerged strongly in both common-law and civilian or Romanistic legal cultures. It first defines the meaning of ‘doctrine’, and sets out a guiding thesis. It argues that an important dimension of doctrine is communication; and jurists become fascinated by the history of doctrine when social and political conditions necessitate an expansion or transfer of the legal system, with concomitant transfers of doctrinal thought. The chapter then traces the development of doctrinal history from Gaius to the common law tradition.
Spelunking, or, Some Meditations on the New Presentism
Authors: Dale Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter reflects on New Presentism and its implications for legal historians. The proponents of New Presentism believe that legal historians have an obligation to use their training to help society. This belief has its roots in Plato’s allegory of the cave, in book VII of The Republic. There, those who were removed from their chains and brought out of the cave into the world of light were expected to return to the darkness of the cave to teach those left behind. Education, represented in the allegory by the chance to go out of the cave into the light, brought with it responsibility to share the knowledge gained from exposure to the reality behind the shadows. However, the allegory of the cave also raises some cautions that we would do well to consider. The responsibility to return to the cave is a responsibility that carries with it serious costs.
Quantitative Legal History
Authors: Klerman Daniel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Quantitative legal history is in a rather sorry state. Only about a quarter of recent works of legal history use even simple quantitative methods (such as tables or graphs), and articles or books with more sophisticated methods, such as regression analysis, are extremely rare. The infrequent use of quantitative techniques is also a missed opportunity. Scholars from other fields, including economics, sociology, and political science, are using statistics to analyse legal history. Such analysis is particularly helpful in understanding the effect of legal change and in analysing the influence of multiple factors on legislation, judicial decision-making, and citizen behaviour. This chapter first assesses quantitatively the use of quantitative methods in legal history. It then discusses a few examples of the successful use of numbers and statistics in recent books addressing legal historical topics. Finally, it looks to the future of quantitative legal history.
Feminist Historiography of Law
Authors: Drakopoulou Maria 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines how feminist legal history is conceived of as a unified field of study. The first part surveys the current state of the field, and by setting aside national borders and disciplinary origins, pays attention to the broader themes, topics, and issues feminist legal history has chosen to privilege. The second part, building upon this presentation of the field, by drawing attention, not only to the thematics of feminist legal history, but also to the process of its production, offers a critical understanding of what exists; in particular, the implications of its interdisciplinary nature. Finally, in pursuing a critical account of the work produced, possibilities for otherwise thinking of and ‘doing’ feminist legal history are considered.