bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to foot care in patients with diabetes as identified by healthcare professionals
Authors: Pankhurst C. J. W. , Edmonds M. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsTo seek the views of healthcare professionals as to the barriers to foot care that they perceive as having an impact on clinical outcomes and contributing to the number of amputations.MethodsThe study involved healthcare professionals from the UK attending our 2015 and 2016 Masterclass diabetic foot conferences. Admission to these conferences was open to all members of the multidisciplinary spectrum who provide care of people with diabetes and foot problems. Attendees were asked to write down concerns that they considered to constitute barriers to foot care for people with diabetes.ResultsA total of 425 responses were received (90.8% of the total attendance at the 2015/2016 conferences). Analysis of the responses produced eight key subject areas in which barriers to care were identified: patient referrals, communication between disciplines, access to specialist services, patient care, funding, organization of care, education and infection. Within these key areas, respondents reported poor recognition and diagnosis of foot problems, lack of awareness of the need for referral both by the person with diabetes and healthcare professionals, difficulties in the referral pathway, lack of access to multidisciplinary care, shortage of resources and lack of education of both people with diabetes and healthcare professionals. The respondents identified these barriers as contributing to delay in people with diabetes receiving specialist help. Such a delay can lead to amputation.ConclusionsThe crucial barrier to diabetic foot care is delay in accessing specialist care. Until this is addressed, care will be less than optimum and amputations will continue.
Female reproductive history and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective analysis of 126 721 women
Authors: Pandeya Nirmala , Huxley Rachel R. , Chung Hsin‐Fang , Dobson Annette J. , Kuh Diana , Hardy Rebecca , Cade Janet E. , Greenwood Darren C. , Giles Graham G. , Bruinsma Fiona , Demakakos Panayotes , Simonsen Mette Kildevæld , Adami Hans‐Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete , Mishra Gita D 
Published: April 2018

AimTo examine the prospective associations between aspects of a woman's reproductive history and incident diabetes.MethodsWe pooled individual data from 126 721 middle‐aged women from eight cohort studies contributing to the International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events (InterLACE). Associations between age at menarche, age at first birth, parity and menopausal status with incident diabetes were examined using generalized linear mixed models, with binomial distribution and robust variance. We stratified by body mass index (BMI) when there was evidence of a statistical interaction with BMI.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 9 years, 4073 cases of diabetes were reported. Non‐linear associations with diabetes were observed for age at menarche, parity and age at first birth. Compared with menarche at age 13 years, menarche at ≤10 years was associated with an 18% increased risk of diabetes (relative risk [RR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02‐1.37) after adjusting for BMI. After stratifying by BMI, the increased risk was only observed in women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. A U‐shaped relationship was observed between parity and risk of diabetes. Compared with pre‐/peri‐menopausal women, women with a hysterectomy/oophorectomy had an increased risk of diabetes (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07‐1.29).ConclusionsSeveral markers of a woman's reproductive history appear to be modestly associated with future risk of diabetes. Maintaining a normal weight in adult life may ameliorate any increase in risk conferred by early onset of menarche.
The approved Italian version of the comprehensive assessment of at‐risk mental states (CAARMS‐ITA): Field test and psychometric features
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Paterlini Federica , Azzali Silvia , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Pupo Simona , Simmons Magenta , Nelson Barnaby , Raballo Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AimThe Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) was specifically developed to assess and detect young people at ultra‐high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis. The current study was undertaken to test the reliability and validity of the authorized Italian version of the CAARMS (CAARMS‐ITA) in a help‐seeking population.MethodsPsychometric properties of the CAARMS‐ITA were established using a sample of 223 Italian adolescents and young adults aged between 13 and 35 years, who were divided into 3 groups according to the CAARMS criteria: UHR‐negative individuals (UHR [−]; n = 64), UHR‐positive (UHR [+]; n = 55) and individuals with a first‐episode psychosis (FEP; n = 104). The CAARMS‐ITA's reliability was tested measuring interrater reliability and internal consistency. Construct validity was tested comparing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and CAARMS‐ITA subscale scores across groups (ie, UHR [−], UHR [+] and FEP). For concurrent validity, we studied correlations between symptoms of the CAARMS‐ITA and their equivalents in the PANSS. Finally, the predictive validity was examined by following up with UHR [+] individuals. The 12‐month transition rate to psychosis was calculated.ResultsThe CAARMS‐ITA showed good interrater reliability. The PANSS “Positive Symptoms” subscale scores in UHR [+] individuals were intermediate between FEP and UHR [−] groups. The positive and negative symptoms scores of the CAARMS‐ITA significantly correlated with the corresponding scores of the PANSS. After 12 months, 4 of 41 (9.8%) UHR [+] individuals had transitioned to psychosis.ConclusionsThe CAARMS‐ITA is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing and detecting at‐risk mental states in Italian clinical settings. It also appears to be helpful in the prediction of psychosis transition.
Duration of untreated psychosis and clinical outcomes of first episode psychosis: An observational and an instrumental variables analysis
Authors: Sullivan Sarah A. , Carroll Robert , Peters Tim J. , Amos Tim , Jones Peter B. , Marshall Max , Birchwood Max , Fowler David , Johnson Sonia , Fisher Helen L. , Major Barnaby , Rahaman Nikola , Joyce John , Chamberlain‐Kent Nick , Lawrence Jo , Moran Paul , Tilling Kate 
Published: April 2018

AimDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is considered as a key prognostic variable in psychosis. Yet, it is unclear whether a longer DUP causes worse outcomes or whether reported associations have alternative explanations.MethodsData from 2 cohorts of patients with first episode psychosis were used (n = 2134). Measures of DUP were assessed at baseline and outcomes at 12 months. Regression models were used to investigate the associations between DUP and outcomes. We also investigated whether any associations were replicated using instrumental variables (IV) analysis to reduce the effect of residual confounding and measurement bias.ResultsThere were associations between DUP per 1‐year increase and positive psychotic symptoms (7.0% in symptom score increase 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0%, 10.0%, P < .001), worse recovery (risk difference [RD] 0.78, 95%, CI 0.68, 0.83, P < .001) and worse global functioning (0.62 decrease in functioning score 95% CI −1.19, −0.04, P = .035). There was no evidence of an association with negative psychotic symptoms (1.0%, 95%, CI −2.0%, 5.0%, P = .455). The IV analysis showed weaker evidence of associations in the same direction between DUP per 1‐year increase and positive psychotic symptoms, recovery and global functioning. However, there was evidence of an inverse association with negative psychotic symptoms (decrease of 15.0% in symptom score 95% CI −26.0%, −3.0%, P = .016).ConclusionsWe have confirmed previous findings of a positive association between positive psychotic symptoms, global functioning and recovery and DUP using regression analysis. IV analysis shows some support for these findings. Future investigation using IV analysis should be repeated in large data sets.
Physical forcing on fish abundance in the southern California Current System
Authors: Siegelman‐Charbit Lia , Koslow J. Anthony , Jacox Michael G. , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Miller Eric F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe California Current System (CCS) is an eastern boundary current system with strong biological productivity largely due to seasonal wind‐driven upwelling and transport of the California Current (CC). Two independent, yet complementary time series, CalCOFI ichthyoplankton surveys and sampling of southern California power plant cooling‐water intakes, have indicated that an assemblage of predominantly cool‐water affinity fishes spanning nearshore to oceanic environments in the southern CCS has declined dramatically from the 1970s to the 2000s. We examined potential oceanographic drivers behind this decline both within and north of the CalCOFI survey area in order to capture upstream processes as well. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses using output from a data‐assimilative regional ocean model revealed significant relationships between the fish time series and spatial patterns of upwelling, upper ocean heat content and eddy kinetic energy in the CCS. Correlation and linear regression analyses indicated that the declining trend in fish abundance was correlated with a suite of factors: reduced offshore and increased inshore upwelling; a long term warming trend combined with more recent interannual variability in ocean temperature; weaker eddy kinetic energy north of Point Conception (35°N), potentially indicating reduced transport of the California Current (CC); increased influence of the California Undercurrent (CUC); and a decline in zooplankton displacement volume across the southern CCS. Understanding how changes in oceanography affect fish populations will offer insights into managing fisheries in a changing climate.
Leadless pacemaker placement in a patient with chronic kidney disease: A strategy to preserve central veins
Authors: Maradey Joan Alberto , Jao Geoffrey Te , Vachharajani Tushar J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCardiac rhythm disorder is frequently encountered in hemodialysis patients and is often treated with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED). The conventional CIED requires placement of transvenous leads resulting in subclinical central venous stenosis, which can adversely affect the successful creation of a permanent dialysis vascular access. The technological advancement of a leadless pacemaker provides an opportunity to implement a strategy to preserve central veins in patients with chronic kidney disease. We report a case of successful placement of a leadless pacemaker in a dialysis patient to preserve the central veins for future vascular access creation.
Zinc‐loaded whey protein nanoparticles prepared by enzymatic cross‐linking and desolvation
Authors: Shao Shengnan , Shen Xue , Guo Mingruo 
Published: April 2018

SummaryZinc‐loaded whey protein nanoparticles were prepared by enzymatic cross‐linking whey protein followed by ethanol desolvation. Whey protein isolate (WPI) was denatured by heating (80 °C for 15 min) at pH 7.0 and then cross‐linked by transglutaminase at 50 °C for 4 h while stirring. Transglutaminase was inactivated by heating at 90 °C for 10 min, and then, ZnSO4·7H2O (1–10 mm) was added. Zinc‐loaded whey protein nanoparticles were formed by adding ethanol at one to five times the volume of the protein solution at pH 9.0. The desolvated solutions were diluted by adding distilled water at ratio of 1:100 (w/v) immediately after desolvation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data showed that the particle size of zinc‐loaded whey protein nanoparticles increased with the amount of zinc and the volume of ethanol. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed an almost spherical morphology for zinc‐loaded whey protein nanoparticles. The zinc loading efficiency was determined ranging from 76.7% to 99.2%. In vitro test data showed that the zinc release rate was low in simulated gastric fluid but high in simulated intestinal fluid. The results indicated that enzymatic cross‐linked whey protein nanoparticles may be used as a good vehicle to deliver zinc as a supplement.
Choosing Unauthorized Migration: Evidence from Return Migrants
Authors: Ruedin Didier , Nesturi Majlinda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe assess who among migrants is likely to choose unauthorized migration. While the literature has addressed reasons for unauthorized migration, we are the first to model individual choice of actual unauthorized migration. By using data from Albanian return migrants, we can ascertain that we capture actual migration – behaviour – rather than intentions to migrate, and respondents have no incentives to hide unauthorized migration as there are no consequences at this stage. At the individual level, unauthorized migration in a context of circular migration is linked to being young and male – interpreted as risk‐taking individuals – and being free of social responsibilities like having a partner or children. Social responsibilities appear to moderate the impact of risk‐taking on choosing unauthorized migration.
On Properties of the MixedTS Distribution and Its Multivariate Extension
Authors: Hitaj Asmerilda , Hubalek Friedrich , Mercuri Lorenzo , Rroji Edit 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA review of the univariate MixedTS is given and some new results on the asymptotic tail behaviour are derived. The multivariate version of the Mixed Tempered Stable, which is a generalisation of the Normal Variance Mean Mixtures, is discussed. Characteristics of this distribution, its capacity in fitting tails and in capturing dependence structure between components are investigated. We discuss a random number generating procedure and introduce an estimation methodology based on the minimisation of a distance between empirical and theoretical characteristic functions. Asymptotic tail behaviour of the univariate Mixed Tempered Stable is exploited in the estimation procedure in order to obtain a better fitting on tails. Advantages of the multivariate Mixed Tempered Stable distribution are discussed and illustrated via numerical analysis.
Hv1 Proton Channels in Dinoflagellates: Not Just for Bioluminescence?
Authors: Kigundu Gabriel , Cooper Jennifer L. , Smith Susan M. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBioluminescence in dinoflagellates is controlled by HV1 proton channels. Database searches of dinoflagellate transcriptomes and genomes yielded hits with sequence features diagnostic of all confirmed HV1, and show that HV1 is widely distributed in the dinoflagellate phylogeny including the basal species Oxyrrhis marina. Multiple sequence alignments followed by phylogenetic analysis revealed three major subfamilies of HV1 that do not correlate with presence of theca, autotrophy, geographic location, or bioluminescence. These data suggest that most dinoflagellates express a HV1 which has a function separate from bioluminescence. Sequence evidence also suggests that dinoflagellates can contain more than one HV1 gene.
River flow, zooplankton and dominant zooplanktivorous fish dynamics in a warm‐temperate South African estuary
Authors: Mbandzi N. , Wasserman R. J. , Deyzel S. H. P. , Vine N. G. , Whitfield A. K. 
Published: April 2018

The possible links between river flow, zooplankton abundance and the responses of zooplanktivorous fishes to physico‐chemical and food resource changes are assessed. To this end, the seasonal abundance, distribution and diet of the estuarine round‐herring Gilchristella aestuaria and Cape silverside Atherina breviceps were studied in the Kariega Estuary. Spatio‐temporal differences were determined for selected physico‐chemical variables, zooplankton abundance and zooplanktivorous fish abundance and distribution. Results indicated that, following a river flood event in winter (>30 m3 s−1), altered physico‐chemical conditions occurred throughout the estuary and depressed zooplankton stocks. Abundance of G. aestuaria was highest in spring, with this species dominant in the upper and middle zones of the estuary, while A. breviceps was dominant in summer and preferred the middle and lower zones. The catch per unit of effort of both zooplanktivores also declined significantly following the flooding, thus suggesting that these fishes are reliant on zooplankton as a primary food source for healthy populations. Copepods dominated the stomach contents of both fish species, indicating a potential for strong interspecific competition for food, particularly in the middle reaches. Temporal differences were evident in dietary overlap between the two zooplanktivorous fish species and were correlated with river flow, zooplankton availability and fish distribution. The findings of this study emphasize the close trophic linkages between zooplankton and zooplanktivorous fishes under changing estuarine environmental conditions, particularly river flow and provide important baseline information for similar studies elsewhere in South Africa and the rest of the world.
What Makes the Gunasdules? Reflections on the Interiority and the Physicality of People, Humans, and Nonhumans
Authors: Martínez Mauri Mònica 
Published: April 2018

ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es abordar el papel que juega la fisicalidad—especialmente la sangre como fluido corporal—en la conformación de personas y humanos en la sociedad Guna de Panamá. Para ello analizaré las nociones—relacionadas con el mundo intangible, la interioridad—que según la literatura etnográfica disponible parecen ser necesarias para hablar de la noción de persona. En concreto me centraré en: (1) el concepto degurgin(traducible por cerebro, inteligencia, habilidad, sombrero, persona, individualidad, o elemento mediador entre humanos y no humanos; (2)niga(fuerza, vitalidad o energía); y (3) el concepto deburba(alma o doble). Me propongo investigar la conceptualización Guna de persona (dule) y humano (categoría sin aparente traducción en dulegaya) para reflexionar sobre la pertinencia de la dualidad interioridad/fisicalidad en este contexto etnográfico. Se trata de averiguar si los elementos físicos y los intangibles son pensados como propios o compartidos con otros seres no humanos y hasta qué punto en este caso la materialidad condiciona la interioridad. [identidad, pueblos indígenas, Panama, Guna, sangre, ontología]
Automated detection of fluorescent cells in in‐resin fluorescence sections for integrated light and electron microscopy
Authors: DELPIANO J. , PIZARRO L. , PEDDIE C.J. , JONES M.L. , GRIFFIN L.D. , COLLINSON L.M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIntegrated array tomography combines fluorescence and electron imaging of ultrathin sections in one microscope, and enables accurate high‐resolution correlation of fluorescent proteins to cell organelles and membranes. Large numbers of serial sections can be imaged sequentially to produce aligned volumes from both imaging modalities, thus producing enormous amounts of data that must be handled and processed using novel techniques. Here, we present a scheme for automated detection of fluorescent cells within thin resin sections, which could then be used to drive automated electron image acquisition from target regions via ‘smart tracking’. The aim of this work is to aid in optimization of the data acquisition process through automation, freeing the operator to work on other tasks and speeding up the process, while reducing data rates by only acquiring images from regions of interest. This new method is shown to be robust against noise and able to deal with regions of low fluorescence.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of 1st generation CoreValve and 2nd generation Lotus valves
Authors: Musa Tarique Al , Uddin Akhlaque , Dobson Laura E. , Swoboda Peter P. , Garg Pankaj , Foley James R. J. , Malkin Christopher , Plein Sven , Blackman Daniel J. , Greenwood John P. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesWe sought to compare using serial CMR, the quantity of AR and associated valve hemodynamics, following the first‐generation CoreValve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) and the second‐generation Lotus valve (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA).BackgroundAortic regurgitation (AR) following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) confers a worse prognosis and can be accurately quantified using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Second generation valves have been specifically designed to reduce paravalvular AR and improve clinical outcomes.MethodsFifty‐one patients (79.0 ± 7.7 years, 57% male) were recruited and imaged at three time points: immediately pre‐ and post‐TAVR, and at 6 months.ResultsCMR‐derived AR fraction immediately post‐TAVR was greater in the CoreValve compared to Lotus group (11.7 ± 8.4 vs. 4.3 ± 3.4%, P = 0.001), as was the frequency of ≥moderate AR (9/24 (37.5%) versus 0/27, P < 0.001). However, at 6 months AR fraction had improved significantly in the CoreValve group such that the two valve designs were comparable (6.4 ± 5.0 vs 5.6 ± 5.3%, P = 0.623), with no patient in either group having ≥moderate AR. The residual peak pressure gradient immediately following TAVR was significantly lower with CoreValve compared to Lotus (14.1 ± 5.6 vs 25.4 ± 11.6 mmHg, P = 0.001), but again by 6 months the two valve designs were comparable (16.5 ± 9.4 vs 19.7 ± 10.5 mmHg, P = 0.332). There was no difference in the degree of LV reverse remodeling between the two valves at 6 months.ConclusionImmediately post‐TAVR, there was significantly less AR but a higher residual peak pressure gradient with the Lotus valve compared to CoreValve. However, at 6 months both devices had comparable valve hemodynamics and LV reverse remodeling.
A novel double snare technique to retrieve embolized septal and left atrial appendage occluders
Authors: Ha Kee Soo , Choi Jae Young , Jung Se Yong , Kim Jung‐Sun , Byun Ki Hyun , Akagi Teiji , Zufarov Mirjamol M. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundDevice embolization is the most frequent procedural complication during transcatheter closure of congenital cardiac defects. Retrieval of an embolized device may often be complicated by failure to introduce the right atrial (RA) disk hub into the sheath or difficulty in securely grasping the hub pin of RA disk. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency and success rate of device retrieval using a novel double snare technique.MethodsWe reviewed retrieval procedures of embolized atrial septal defect (ASD) or left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder using double snare technique reported from five tertiary referral centers in Korea, Japan, and Uzbekistan. A total of 16 retrieval procedures in 15 patients were reported, including 14 patients who were planned for ASD device closure while 1 patient was planned for LA appendage occlusion.ResultsRetrieved devices included 15 ASD occluders from six different manufacturers and one Amplantzer cardiac plug. Success rate of retrieval procedure was 100% using the double snare technique. There were no complications related to device retrieval. Most (15/16, 93.8%) of these devices could be retrieved through their original delivery sheaths. In six patients for whom retrieval was unsuccessful with conventional single snare technique and switched to double snare technique, the retrieval time was shortened significantly (P = 0.004*) by using the double snare technique.ConclusionsThe double snare technique enables effective retrieval of various embolized devices. It abolishes the need of changing the sheath to a larger one in most patients.