bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Habitat Suitability Model to Identify Overwinter Conditions for Coregonine Whitefishes in Arctic Lagoons
Authors: Tibbles Marguerite , Falke Jeffrey A. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Robards Martin D. , Seitz Andrew C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLagoons provide critical habitats for many fishes, including coregonine whitefishes, which are a mainstay in many subsistence fisheries of rural communities in Arctic Alaska. Despite their importance, little is known about the overwintering habits of whitefishes in Arctic Alaska due to the challenges associated with sampling during winter. We developed a habitat suitability (HS) model to understand the potential range of physical conditions that whitefishes experience during the Arctic winter, using three indicator lagoons that represent a range of environmental characteristics. The HS model was built using a three‐step approach. First, remote sensing that uses interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) identified areas of floating and bottomfast ice. Second, through in‐field ground‐truthing, we confirmed the presence and quality of liquid water (water depth, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) beneath the ice cover. Third, we assessed the suitability of that liquid water as habitat for whitefishes based on published literature and expert interpretation of water quality parameters. InSAR determined that 0, 65.4, and 88.2% of the three lagoons were composed of floating ice corresponding with areas of liquid water beneath a layer of ice. The HS model indicated that all three lagoons had reduced suitability as whitefish habitat in winter than in summer due to the loss of habitat because of the presence of bottomfast ice and a reduction in the quality of liquid water due to cold temperatures, high salinities, and low dissolved oxygen levels. However, only the shallowest lagoon had lethal conditions and zero suitability as whitefish habitat. The methods outlined here provide a simple, cost‐effective method to identify habitats that consistently provide critical winter habitat and integrate remote sensing in a HS model framework.
Coho Salmon Colonization of Oregon's Upper Willamette River Basin
Authors: Keefer Matthew L. , Blubaugh Timothy J. , Clabough Tami S. , Jepson Michael A. , Naughton George P. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were historically absent from a major Columbia River subbasin, the upper Willamette River (UWR), until a fishway was installed at Willamette Falls and a sustained stocking program was implemented in the 1950s. Despite decades of stocking from three diverse source populations (early run, late run, and coastal Coho Salmon) during the second half of the twentieth century, adult abundance above the falls was less than 1,000 annually during the 1990s. A recent surge (>25,000 adults in 2009) has raised concerns about potential interactions with two native anadromous salmonids listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: UWR winter‐run steelhead O. mykiss and UWR spring‐run Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha. We analyzed Coho Salmon stocking records and estimates of abundance from 1954–2017 to summarize population history, demographics, and adult phenology. We also characterized current Coho Salmon distribution using radiotelemetry (n = 219 adults in 2014) and evaluated potential mechanisms associated with changes in adult abundance. We identified a shift in adult migration timing over the time series that was consistent with an increase in late‐run traits and environmental changes affecting migration cues. The distribution of radio‐tagged adults among UWR subbasins was only weakly correlated with past stocking efforts, suggesting that habitat conditions, stocked phenotype, adaptation and range expansion by descendants of the relict stocked populations, or colonization from regional source populations strongly influenced current subpopulation abundance. Annual counts of returning UWR Coho Salmon were positively correlated with counts of Columbia River Coho salmon, suggesting a shared response to freshwater habitat or ocean conditions. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms affecting UWR Coho Salmon distribution and population size, the results illustrate the complex dynamics between changing landscapes and migration corridors, the introduction of nonnative species for harvest management goals, and the potential for nonnative fish to affect the conservation of native populations.
Sites of Synergy: Strategies for Readers Navigating Nonfiction Picture Books
Authors: Shimek Courtney 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe category of nonfiction picture books has changed in the past few decades, putting more emphasis on engaging writing styles, attention to accuracy, and using synergic relations between images and texts. As a result of this shift, the strategies taught to students for reading nonfiction picture books must change. The author presents five strategies that readers navigating new nonfiction picture books can use to comprehend all of the information provided by authors and illustrators: reading the pictures, tracking the words, focusing on the medium, analyzing the back matter, and highlighting the text in visual elements. When readers use these strategies, new nonfiction picture books encourage them to think critically, engage in their own research, and dive deeply into the content they are reading about.
Implication of gut microbiota metabolites in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Authors: Brial Francois , Le Lay Aurélie , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Gauguier Dominique 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvidence from the literature keeps highlighting the impact of mutualistic bacterial communities of the gut microbiota on human health. The gut microbita is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria which contributes to mammalian host biology by processing, otherwise, indigestible nutrients, supplying essential metabolites, and contributing to modulate its immune system. Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled structural analysis of the human gut microbiota and allowed detection of changes in gut bacterial composition in several common diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders. Biological signals sent by the gut microbiota to the host, including microbial metabolites and pro-inflammatory molecules, mediate microbiome–host genome cross-talk. This rapidly expanding line of research can identify disease-causing and disease-predictive microbial metabolite biomarkers, which can be translated into novel biodiagnostic tests, dietary supplements, and nutritional interventions for personalized therapeutic developments in common diseases. Here, we review results from the most significant studies dealing with the association of products from the gut microbial metabolism with cardiometabolic disorders. We underline the importance of these postbiotic biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of human disorders.
Regional volumetric abnormalities in pediatric autism revealed by structural magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Levman Jacob , Vasung Lana , MacDonald Patrick , Rowley Sean , Stewart Natalie , Lim Ashley , Ewenson Bryan , Galaburda Albert , Takahashi Emi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutism is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior. We performed a large‐scale retrospective analysis of 1,996 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the brain from 1,769 autistic and neurologically typically developing patients (aged 0–32 years), and extracted regional volumetric measurements distributed across 463 brain regions of each patient. The youngest autistic patients (<2.5 years) were diagnosed after imaging and identified retrospectively. Our study demonstrates corpus callosum volumetric abnormalities among autistic patients that are associated with brain overgrowth in early childhood (0–5 years old), followed by a shift towards known decreased volumes in later ages. Results confirm known increases in ventricular volumes among autistic populations and extends those findings to increased volumes of the choroid plexus. Our study also demonstrates distributed volumetric abnormalities among autistic patients that affect a variety of key regional white and grey matter areas of the brain potentially associated with known symptoms of autism.
Maternal dairy fat diet does not influence neurotrophin levels and cognitive performance in the rat offspring at adult age
Authors: Jawale Shruti , Joshi Sadhana , Kale Anvita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCognitive development may be influenced by maternal nutrition especially fats. Indian population is vegetarian and main source of fat is dairy. This study investigates the effect of dairy fat consumption during pregnancy in an animal model on fatty acids, brain neurotrophins (brain derived neurotrophic factor: BDNF; and nerve growth factor: NGF) and cognitive performance in adult offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to control (Control C) and four treatment groups: High fat diet (HFD); High fat diet supplemented with omega‐3 fatty acids (HFDO); High fat diet deficient in vitamin B12 (HFBD); High fat deficient in vitamin B12 supplemented with omega‐3 fatty acids (HFBDO). Half the dams were dissected on d20 of gestation, and the brains of their pups were collected. The remaining dams delivered on d22 of gestation and were assigned to a control diet. The cognitive performance of these adult offspring was assessed at 6 mo of age. Brain fatty acids were comparable to control in the pups at birth and offspring at 6 mo of age. The protein levels of BDNF in the pup brain at birth were lower in both the HFD (p < 0.01) and HFBD (p < 0.05) groups as compared to control. The mRNA levels of TrK B were lower (p < 0.05) in the pup brain at birth in the HFD as compared to control group. In the offspring at 6 mo of age the protein levels of BDNF and NGF in all the treatment groups were similar to that of control. However, the mRNA levels of only BDNF (p < 0.01 for both) were higher in the HFBD group as compared to both control and HFD groups. The cognitive performance of the adult offspring from various dietary groups was similar to control. In conclusion, consumption of a maternal high dairy fat diet although lowered the levels of brain BDNF in the pup at birth it does not affect the cognitive health of the adult offspring.
A Statistical Study of Ionospheric Boundary Wave Formation at Venus
Authors: Chong Ghai Siung , Pope Simon A. , Walker Simon N. , Frahm Rudy A. , Zhang Tielong , Futaana Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious missions to Venus have revealed that encounters with plasma irregularities of atmospheric origin outside the atmosphere are not uncommon. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to discuss their origins as well as their roles in the atmospheric evolution of Venus. One such mechanism involves an ionopause with a wavelike appearance. By utilizing the magnetic field and plasma data from Venus Express, we present the first observational statistical analysis of the ionospheric boundary wave phenomena at Venus using data from 2006 to 2014. Results from the minimum variance analysis of all the photoelectron dropout events in the ionosphere reveal that the ionopause of Venus does not always appear to be smooth but often exhibits a wavelike appearance. In the northern polar region of Venus, the normal directions of the rippled ionospheric boundary crossings lie mainly in the terminator plane with the largest component predominantly along the dawn‐dusk (YVSO) direction. The average estimated wavelength of the boundary wave is 212 ± 12 km, and the average estimated velocity difference across the ionopause is 104 ± 6 km/s. The results suggest that the rippled boundary is a result of Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. Analysis reveals a correlation between the normal directions and the locations of the boundary wave with respect to Venus. This indicates that the draping of magnetic field lines may play a role in enhancing the plasma flow along the dawn‐dusk direction, which could subsequently set up a velocity shear that favors the excitation of ionospheric boundary wave by the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability along the dawn‐dusk direction.
The 6 September 2017 X9 Super Flare Observed From Submillimeter to Mid‐IR
Authors: Giménez de Castro C. G. , Raulin J.‐P. , Valle Silva J. F. , Simões P. J. A. , Kudaka A. S. , Valio A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractActive Region 12673 is the most productive active region of solar cycle 24: in a few days of early September 2017, four X‐class and 27 M‐class flares occurred. SOL2017‐09‐06T12:00, an X9.3 flare also produced a two‐ribbon white light emission across the sunspot detected by Solar Dynamics Orbiter/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. The flare was observed at 212 and 405 GHz with the arcminute‐sized beams of the Solar Submillimeter Telescope focal array while making a solar map and at 10 μm, with a 17 arcsec diffraction‐limited infrared camera. Images at 10 μm revealed that the sunspot gradually increased in brightness while the event proceeded, reaching a temperature similar to quiet Sun values. From the images we derive a lower bound limit of 180‐K flare peak excess brightness temperature or 7,000 sfu if we consider a similar size as the white light source. The rising phase of mid‐IR and white light is similar, although the latter decays faster, and the maximum of the mid‐IR and white light emission is ∼200 s delayed from the 15.4‐GHz peak occurrence. The submillimeter spectrum has a different origin than that of microwaves from 1 to 15 GHz, although it is not possible to draw a definitive conclusion about its emitting mechanism.
Tracking, erosion and thermal distribution of micro‐AlN + nano‐SiO2 co‐filled silicone rubber for high‐voltage outdoor insulation
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Tariq , Phung Bao Toan , Yu Shihu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Shengtao 
Published: August 2018

Thermal depolymerisation induced tracking and erosion of polymeric insulators is one of the key insulation failure modes and this process adversely affects the reliability of power delivery networks. This study reports the tracking, erosion and thermal distribution of micron‐AlN and micron‐AlN + nano‐SiO2 co‐filled silicone rubber composites. A tracking‐erosion model is presented to explain how the co‐filled set of particles directly affects such mechanisms. Aluminium nitride (AlN: 5–10 μm) and silica (SiO2: 20 nm) particles were procured for fabricating test samples. The inclined plane test according to IEC 60587 was carried out using tracking voltage method 2 with an initial applied voltage of 3 kV and a ramping rate of 0.25 kV/h over the duration of 240 min. Measurement results show co‐filled composites exhibit significantly lower physical tracking and erosion as compared to micron‐AlN filled composites. Thermal accumulation and average leakage current in co‐filled composites are found noticeably lower than micron‐filled counterparts. Moreover, the increased surface area of the combined co‐filled particles in the composites provides better scattering and reduce secondary electron collision. This may impede the release of high energy causing thermal degradation.
Facile synthesis of Ag3PO4 microcrystals and its enhanced photocatalytic disinfection
Authors: Tseng Chi‐Shun , Wu Tsunghsueh , Lin Yang‐Wei 
Published: August 2018

Facile synthesis of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) microcrystals was developed for the novel application in the disinfection of pathogens with visible light. Ag3PO4 microcrystals from different synthesis routes were produced and characterised by scanning electron microscopy and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the Ag3PO4 microcrystals was also evaluated for its effectiveness in eradicating pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) under white‐light light‐emitting‐diode irradiation. The prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals displayed higher and more stable photocatalytic antibacterial activity (>99% eradication rate within 10 min) comparing to Ag+ ions used only. This can be attributed to the oxidation of the photogenerated hole and the adsorption of Ag+ ions. This study demonstrated the strong photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals, promising for industrial applications related to the eradication of pathogens from wastewater.
Solar cycle 24: An unusual polar field reversal
Authors: Janardhan P. , Fujiki K. , Ingale M. , Bisoi S. K. , Rout D. 
Published: August 2018

Context. It is well known that the polarity of the Sun’s magnetic field reverses or flips around the maximum of each 11 year solar cycle. This is commonly known as polar field reversal and plays a key role in deciding the polar field strength at the end of a cycle, which is crucial for the prediction of the upcoming cycle.
Aims. We aim to investigate solar polar fields during cycle 24, using measurements of solar magnetic fields in the latitude range 55°–90° and 78°–90°, to report a prolonged and unusual hemispheric asymmetry in the polar field reversal pattern in solar cycle 24.
Methods. This study was carried out using medium resolution line-of-sight synoptic magnetograms from the magnetic database of the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak (NSO/KP), USA for the period between February 1975 and October 2017, covering solar cycles 21–24 and high-resolution line-of-sight synoptic magnetograms from the Michaelson Doppler Imager instrument onboard the Solar Heliospheric Observatory. Synoptic magnetograms using radial measurements from the Heliospheric Magnetic Imager instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, covering solar cycle 23 and 24, were also used.
Results. We show that the southern solar hemisphere unambiguously reversed polarity in mid-2013 while the reversal in the field in the northern solar hemisphere started as early as June 2012, was followed by a sustained period of near-zero field strength lasting until the end of 2014, after which the field began to show a clear rise from its near-zero value. While this study compliments a similar study carried out using microwave brightness measurements which claimed that the field reversal process in cycle 24 was completed by the end of 2015, our results show that the field reversal in cycle 24 was completed earlier that is, in late 2014. Signatures of this unusual field reversal pattern were also clearly identifiable in the solar wind, using our observations of interplanetary scintillation at 327 MHz which supported our magnetic field observations and confirmed that the field reversal process was completed at the end of 2014.
Volume Change of Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap after Partial Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kang Chang Min , Shim Jeong Su 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Despite successful breast reconstruction with oversized latissimus dorsi muscle flap after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer, esthetic problems continue to exist due to flap shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the objective volume change of pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap when it is used in breast reconstruction.
Methods Patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a breast-conserving surgery with immediate breast reconstruction with pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap between October 2009 and November 2015 were studied. Eleven patients who were followed up for more than 1 year after operation were included in the study. We evaluated the volume of muscle portion of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with computed tomography (CT) scan. We analyzed the rate of volume change of the latissimus dorsi muscle every year until 5 years after the operation.
Result The latissimus dorsi muscle flaps of all 11 patients showed a volume decrease over time. The rate of volume change of the latissimus dorsi muscle flaps decreased 8.04% in the first year, 6.36% in the second year, 5.05% in the third year, 2.88% in the fourth year, and 2.56% in the fifth year after operation in average.
Conclusion This research shows the possibility of objectively evaluating the volume change of pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flaps after breast reconstruction. The findings will be helpful in designing the size of the flaps to use on defects after breast-conserving surgery.
A Hyperbaric Warm Perfusion System Preserves Tissue Composites Ex vivo and Delays the Onset of Acute Rejection
Authors: Villamaria Carole , Spencer Jerry , Lawson Shari , Wang Lin , Raj Thomas , Wolf E. , Parida Bijaya , Gorantla Vijay , Rickard Rory , Davis Michael , Fries Charles 
Published: August 2018

Background Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) precipitates acute rejection of vascularized composite allografts (VCA). Hyperbaric preservation of tissues ex vivo, between harvest and revascularization, may reduce IRI and mitigate acute rejection of VCA.
Methods A porcine heterotopic musculocutaneous gracilis flap model was used. In phase 1, control autografts (n = 5) were infused with University of Wisconsin Solution (UWS) and stored at 4°C for 3 hours. Intervention autografts (n = 5) were placed in a hyperbaric oxygen organ preservation system for 5 hours and infused with hyperoxygenated UWS at 20°C and 3 atm. Grafts were replanted into the animals' necks. In phase 2, similarly treated control (n = 8) and intervention grafts (n = 8) were allotransplanted into the necks of animals separated by a typed and standardized genetic mismatch. No systemic immunosuppression was given. Systemic markers of IRI, and clinical and histopathological assessments of necrosis and rejection were performed.
Results Autotransplanted tissue composites preserved in the hyperbaric chamber showed histopathological evidence of less muscle necrosis at 3 hours (p = 0.05). Despite a longer period of ischemia, no evidence was found of a difference in systemic markers of IRI following revascularization in these groups. Allotransplanted tissues supported ex vivo within the hyperbaric perfusion device experienced acute rejection significantly later than corresponding controls.
Conclusion Hyperbaric warm perfusion preserves musculocutaneous tissue composites ex vivo for longer than standard cold preservation in this model. This translates into a delay in acute rejection of allotransplanted tissue composites.