bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When service providers fail: outsourcing help and consumer attitudes
Authors: Gazley Aaron , Simmonds Hamish 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of outsourcing and offshoring on brand loyalty in a service recovery context. In addition, the effect that consumer ethnocentrism has on these relationships is examined.

Design/methodology/approach
An experiment was designed using a series of service recovery scenarios that manipulated whether the recovery effort was conducted by an in-house/outsourced or local/offshored party.

Findings
The study shows that while outsourcing service recovery within the home country has no effect on loyalty, outsourcing to an offshore location does. In addition, the effect of offshoring of loyalty is greater for consumers who hold ethnocentric tendencies.

Practical implications
This research suggests the need to consider the delivery channel of service recovery to recover a service failure and retain customer loyalty. The results show that outsourcing within a local country may be effective, but the risks associated with offshoring are much greater.

Originality/value
Despite previous attempts to understand outsourcing and offshoring in a range of service scenarios, their role in service recovery is not well understood. Similarly, the impact that ethnocentrism might have on this process is overlooked. This paper therefore responds to calls within business theory, practice and consults for further study in this under-researched area.
Long-term consumption of capsicum annum (chilli pepper) and capsaicin diets suppresses pain perception and improves social behaviour of CD-1 mice
Authors: Nmaju Anyauba Uduka , Joshua Iwasam Ekom , Okon Udemeobong Edet , Nwankwo Azubuike Amakwe , Osim Eme Efiom 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Chilli pepper (Capsicum annum), an extensively cultivated vegetable, is commonly used to spice many dishes prepared in several parts of the world. It contains capsaicinoids. The most active amongst these capsaicinoids is capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), which is neurogenic and so may affect nervous function. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of chilli pepper and capsaicin diets on pain and social behaviour in CD-1 Swiss white mice.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 30 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups of ten mice each, namely, control, pepper-diet (20 per cent w/w) and capsaicin-diet (10 per cent w/w) groups. Tail immersion, hot plate and formalin tests were conducted to assess pain perception, while nesting behaviour test was used to evaluate the social behaviour of the mice.

Findings
The latency of tail flick of both the pepper and capsaicin groups were significantly longer (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to control. The hind paw lick frequency, duration and flinching of both the pepper and capsaicin groups were also significantly reduced compared to control. The nesting score of the capsaicin group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to control. However, the nesting score for pepper group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to capsaicin group.

Originality/value
Long-term consumption of capsaicin and pepper diets suppressed pain and enhanced organized social behaviour in mice. One of the active principles responsible for the effects obtained with pepper on pain and social behaviour in mice may be capsaicin.
Epidemiology and bone‐related comorbidities of ingrown nail: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Cho Soo Yeon , Kim You Chan , Choi Jee Woong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough ingrown nail (IN) is common, there is no large‐scale study regarding its epidemiology and risk factors, such as foot deformity. The purpose of this study is to determine the demographics of IN and clarify its association with bone‐related comorbidities of the ankle, foot and toe. Patients in a representative sample cohort of the National Health Information Database of South Korea from 2004 to 2013 who had IN were compared with a control group without IN. Ten‐year overall incidence was 307.5/100 000 person‐years (95% confidence interval, 304.1–310.9). IN incidence and prevalence showed an increasing trend, and IN was more common in women than in men. Incidence showed bimodal peaks, among teenagers and among participants in their 50s. The IN group showed more common valgus deformity (64.3%) than did the control group (61.6%), and flat foot was also a significant risk factor of IN. There were increasing tendencies of IN incidence and prevalence among females. Confirmed bone deformity, especially acquired valgus or varus deformity, and flat foot were associated with IN.
Update on pathophysiology and preventive strategies of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Corremans Raphaëlle , Adão Rui , De Keulenaer Gilles W. , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , Brás‐Silva Carmen 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAnthracycline chemotherapy has a prominent role in treating many forms of cancer. Unfortunately, cardiotoxic side effects represent a serious limitation to their use, with doxorubicin being the leading drug of the group. Indeed, anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy is an important public health concern because it may not be detected for many years and remains a lifelong threat. Even after decades of investigation, neither the exact mode of action of anthracyclines nor the pathways leading to their side effect are fully understood. It is increasingly important to establish collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists to improve the management of cancer patient receiving anthracyclines. This article reviews the clinical course, pathogenesis, cardiac monitoring and new concepts in diagnosing and preventing anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Different‐shaped curves for serum uric acid with and without diabetes: Results from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cheng Fang , Yin Xin , Duan Wenhou , Ye Runze , Zhu Yakun , Jia Chongqi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have revealed conflicting results regarding the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and blood glucose concentrations. The aim of this study was to identify the shape of the curve between SUA and either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or HbA1c in diabetic and non‐diabetic participants.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study of the relationship between SUA and diabetes and non‐diabetes was conducted in 10 266 participants. Data from the national baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 2011‐12) were used. Restrictive cubic spline regression and two piecewise linear regression models were used to detect non‐linear trends and calculate the slope of each segment.ResultsAfter adjusting for all confounding factors in all subjects, an L‐shaped relationship was found between FPG and SUA in males (β2 = 3.47, P < 0.01) and females (β2 = 5.84, P < 0.01), as well as between HbA1c and SUA in males (β2 = 0.10, P = 0.03) and females (β2 = 0.12, P = 0.02). In non‐diabetic individuals, there was a positive linear correlation between FPG and SUA in females (β = 0.62, P = 0.02). After a diagnosis of diabetes, a negative linear relationship was found between SUA and blood glucose in males, and a nearly L‐shaped curve was found in females.ConclusionsAn L‐shaped association was found between SUA and blood glucose in both genders. Stratified analysis revealed an L‐shaped curve only in diabetic females. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms of the association between uric acid and blood glucose levels.
Telomere dysfunction promotes transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts into myofibroblasts
Authors: Razdan Neetu , Vasilopoulos Themistoklis , Herbig Utz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCells that had undergone telomere dysfunction‐induced senescence secrete numerous cytokines and other molecules, collectively called the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although certain SASP factors have been demonstrated to promote cellular senescence in neighboring cells in a paracrine manner, the mechanisms leading to bystander senescence and the functional significance of these effects are currently unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TGF‐β1, a component of the SASP, causes telomere dysfunction in normal somatic human fibroblasts in a Smad3/NOX4/ROS‐dependent manner. Surprisingly, instead of activating cellular senescence, TGF‐β1‐induced telomere dysfunction caused fibroblasts to transdifferentiate into α‐SMA‐expressing myofibroblasts, a mesenchymal and contractile cell type that is critical for wound healing and tissue repair. Despite the presence of dysfunctional telomeres, transdifferentiated cells acquired the ability to contract collagen lattices and displayed a gene expression signature characteristic of functional myofibroblasts. Significantly, the formation of dysfunctional telomeres and downstream p53 signaling was necessary for myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as suppressing telomere dysfunction by expression of hTERT, inhibiting the signaling pathways that lead to stochastic telomere dysfunction, and suppressing p53 function prevented the generation of myofibroblasts in response to TGF‐β1 signaling. Furthermore, inducing telomere dysfunction using shRNA against TRF2 also caused cells to develop features that are characteristic of myofibroblasts, even in the absence of exogenous TGF‐β1. Overall, our data demonstrate that telomere dysfunction is not only compatible with cell functionality, but they also demonstrate that the generation of dysfunctional telomeres is an essential step for transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.
Genetic characterization of Vietnamese Yellow cattle using mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosomal haplotypes and genes associated with economical traits
Authors: Le Thu N. A. , Vu Hai V. , Okuda Yu , Duong Huong T. , Nguyen Trung B. , Nguyen Van H. , Le Phung D. , Kunieda Tetsuo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVietnamese Yellow cattle are native cattle well adapted to local tropical environment. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic characteristics of the Yellow cattle using molecular markers. We investigated the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and SRY gene on Y chromosome, and genotyped SREBP‐1, SCD1, EDG1, NCAPG, DGAT1, MC1R, and HSP70 genes in the Yellow cattle population. The sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA showed that most of the cattle possesses zebu (Bos indicus) type I1 haplotype, suggesting relatively low genetic diversity in maternal lineage. The sequence analysis of the SRY gene indicates that while most of the males possess zebu type haplotype, taurine (Bos taurus) type haplotype was also observed, suggesting gene‐flow from taurine cattle. The results of the genotyping of the functional genes showed that the NCAPG, SCD, MC1R, and HsSP70 genes are polymorphic in the population, whereas the SREBP‐1, EDG1, and DGAT1 genes are monomorphic. Particularly, the presence of the desirable and undesirable alleles of the NCAPG and HSP70 genes, respectively, will be important for the selection of animals by potential performances in meat productivity and fertility. The present findings will be informative for future conservation and breeding of the Vietnamese Yellow cattle.
Solidarity and care as relational practices
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany working in bioethics today are engaging in forms of normative interpretation concerning the meaningful contexts of relational agency and institutional structures of power. Using the framework of relational bioethics, this article focuses on two significant social practices that are significant for health policy and public health: the practices of solidarity and the practices of care. The main argument is that the affirming recognition of, and caring attention paid to, persons as moral subjects can politically motivate a society in three respects. The recognition of solidarity and the attention of care can prompt progressive change toward a democratic willingness: (a) to provide for equal respect for rights and dignity; (b) to provide the social resources and services needed for just health and well‐being; and (c) to focus its creativity and wealth on the actualization of potential flourishing of each and all. Solidarity is discussed as a morally developmental stance that moves from standing up for another, standing up with another, and standing up as another. Care is discussed as a morally developmental stance that moves from the attentive rehabilitation of another, attentive companionship with and for another, and attentive commitment to another.
Mechanism and prognostic value of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Shaolong , Han Xue , Lyu Ning , Xie Qiankun , Deng Haijing , Mu Luwen , Pan Tao , Huang Xin , Wang Xia , Shi Yuanyuan , Zhao Ming 
Published: September 2018

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan‐metabolizing enzyme that is widely distributed in normal or malignant tissues and contributes to immunologic tolerance and immune escape. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the characteristics and mechanism of IDO1 expression have not been well defined. In this study, IDO1 expression in tumor cells (T‐IDO1) was frequently detected (109/112) by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from HCC patients, and the expression patterns were mostly focal (102/109). Expression of T‐IDO1 was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells (P = .043), as well as younger age (<50 years old, P = .02). It was also found that IDO1 had diffuse expression in inflammatory cells in all specimens, which were defined as antigen‐presenting cells. Significant correlations among IDO1, IFNG, and CD8A transcriptional levels were observed in freshly resected HCC specimens; moreover, no constitutive IDO1 expression was detected in HCC cell lines until stimulated by interferon‐γ through the JAK2‐STAT1 signaling pathway, but not type I interferon. Survival analyses showed that increased T‐IDO1 and CD8+ T cell infiltration were significantly associated with superior overall survival (OS) (T‐IDO1, P = .003; CD8+ T cells, P = .004), and T‐IDO1 expression is an independent prognosis factor in both OS and disease‐free survival (OS, P = .007; disease‐free survival, P = .044). These findings indicated that T‐IDO1 expression in HCC is common and is dominantly driven by the host antitumor immune response, which is a favorable prognostic factor in HCC.
Bronchoscopic mucosal cryobiopsies as a method for studying airway disease
Authors: Hvidtfeldt Morten , Pulga Alexis , Hostrup Morten , Sanden Caroline , Mori Michiko , Bornesund Daisy , Larsen Klaus R. , Erjefält Jonas S. , Porsbjerg Celeste 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundInvestigating disease mechanisms and treatment responses in obstructive airway diseases with invasive sampling are hampered by the small size and mechanical artefacts that conventional forceps biopsies suffer from. Endoscopic cryobiopsies are larger and more intact and are being increasingly used. However, the technique has not yet been explored for obtaining mucosa biopsies.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in size and quality of endobronchial mucosal biopsies obtained with cryotechnique and forceps. Further, to check for eligibility of cryobiopsies to be evaluated with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and to investigate tolerability and safety of the technique.MethodsEndobronchial mucosal biopsies were obtained with cryotechnique and forceps from patients with haemoptysis undergoing bronchoscopy and evaluated by quantitative morphometry, automated immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.ResultsA total of 40 biopsies were obtained from 10 patients. Cross‐sectional areas were threefold larger in cryobiopsies (median: 3.08 mm2 (IQR: 1.79) vs 1.03 mm2 (IQR: 1.10), P < 0.001). Stretches of intact epithelium were 8‐fold longer (median: 4.61 mm (IQR: 4.50) vs 0.55 mm (IQR: 1.23), P = 0.001). Content of glands (median: 0.095 mm2 (IQR: 0.30) vs 0.00 mm2 (IQR: 0.01), P = 0.002) and airway smooth muscle (median: 0.25 mm2 (IQR: 0.30) vs 0.060 mm2 (IQR: 0.11), P = 0.02) was higher in the cryobiopsies compared with forceps biopsies. Further, the cryobiopsies had well‐preserved protein antigens and mRNA. Mild to moderate bleeding was the only complication observed.Conclusion and clinical relevanceBy yielding significantly larger and more intact biopsies, the cryotechnique represents a valuable new research tool to explore the bronchi in airway disease. Ultimately with the potential to create better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and improvement of treatments.
Potential cofactors in accidental food allergic reactions are frequently present but may not influence severity and occurrence
Authors: Versluis Astrid , van Os‐Medendorp Harmieke , Blom W. Marty , Michelsen‐Huisman Anouska D. , Castenmiller Jacqueline J. M. , Noteborn Hubert P. J. M. , Houben Geert F. , Knulst André C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCofactors, such as physical exercise and alcohol intake, might be associated with the severity or occurrence of food allergic reactions.ObjectiveTo gain insight into the frequency of presence of potential cofactors in accidental food allergic reactions in adults and to what extent these factors influence the severity and occurrence of allergic reactions.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted, with a 1‐year follow‐up in adult patients with a physician‐diagnosed food allergy. Patients were required to fill in a questionnaire after every accidental allergic reactions to food over a 1‐year period. The primary outcome measure was the frequency that potential cofactors were present in these allergic reactions.ResultsA total of 157 patients were included, of which 46% reported a total of 153 reactions during a 1‐year follow‐up period. In 74% of the reactions, ≥1 potential cofactor was reported to be present: tiredness (38%), alcohol intake (16%), stress (14%), symptoms of pollinosis (16%), symptoms of asthma (9%), sickness/flu (3%), physical exercise (3%) and use of analgesics (2%). More than one potential cofactor was reported in almost half of all reactions (47%). There was no significant difference in the presence of these factors between mild, moderate and severe reactions (P = 0.522). In the total study population, 9% of the patients used medication that might act as cofactor (antacids, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], beta blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs]) on a daily basis, which however did not influence the occurrence of reactions. Furthermore, 38% daily used allergy‐suppressing medication.ConclusionsAlthough factors suggested to be cofactors were frequently present during accidental food allergic reactions, we found no evidence for an association between the potential cofactors examined and reaction severity, in a population where most reactions were of mild to moderate severity.
In utero exposure to cigarette smoke and effects across generations: A conference of animals on asthma
Authors: Hammer Barbara , Wagner Christina , Divac Rankov Aleksandra , Reuter Sebastian , Bartel Sabine , Hylkema Machteld N. , Krüger Arne , Svanes Cecilie , Krauss‐Etschmann Susanne 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has risen markedly over the last decades and is reaching epidemic proportions. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, hampering the urgently needed development of approaches to prevent these diseases. It is well established from epidemiological studies that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the main risk factors for aberrant lung function development or reduced fetal growth, but also for the development of asthma and possibly COPD later in life. Of note, recent evidence suggests that the disease risk can be transferred across generations, that is, from grandparents to their grandchildren. While initial studies in mouse models on in utero smoke exposure have provided important mechanistic insights, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be filled.ObjectiveThus, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on this topic derived from mouse models, while also introducing two other relevant animal models: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the zebrafish Danio rerio.MethodsThis review is based on an intensive review of PubMed‐listed transgenerational animal studies from 1902 to 2018 and focuses in detail on selected literature due to space limitations.ResultsThis review gives a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights obtained in studies with the three species, while highlighting the remaining knowledge gaps. We will further discuss potential (dis)advantages of all three animal models.Conclusion/Clinical RelevanceMany studies have already addressed transgenerational inheritance of disease risk in mouse, zebrafish or fly models. We here propose a novel strategy for how these three model organisms can be synergistically combined to achieve a more detailed understanding of in utero cigarette smoke‐induced transgenerational inheritance of disease risk.
Excision release of 5?hydroxycytosine oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome by cat dander extract challenge stimulates allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Hosoki Koa , Jaruga Pawel , Itazawa Toshiko , Aguilera-Aguirre Leopoldo , Coskun Erdem , Hazra Tapas K. , Boldogh Istvan , Dizdaroglu Miral , Sur Sanjiv 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundRagweed pollen extract (RWPE) induces TLR4‐NFκB‐CXCL‐dependent recruitment of ROS‐generating neutrophils to the airway and OGG1 DNA glycosylase‐dependent excision of oxidatively induced 8‐OH‐Gua DNA base lesions from the airway epithelial cell genome. Administration of free 8‐OH‐Gua base stimulates RWPE‐induced allergic lung inflammation. These studies suggest that stimulation of innate receptors and their adaptor by allergenic extracts initiates excision of a set of DNA base lesions that facilitate innate/allergic lung inflammation.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that stimulation of a conserved innate receptor/adaptor pathway by allergenic extracts induces excision of a set of pro‐inflammatory oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome that stimulate allergic airway inflammation.MethodsWild‐type (WT), Tlr4KO, Tlr2KO, Myd88KO, and TrifKO mice were intranasally challenged once or repeatedly with cat dander extract (CDE), and innate or allergic inflammation and gene expression were quantified. We utilized GC‐MS/MS to quantify a set of oxidatively induced DNA base lesions after challenge of naïve mice with CDE.ResultsA single CDE challenge stimulated innate neutrophil recruitment that was partially dependent on TLR4 and TLR2, and completely on Myd88, but not TRIF. A single CDE challenge stimulated MyD88‐dependent excision of DNA base lesions 5‐OH‐Cyt, FapyAde, and FapyGua from the lung genome. A single challenge of naïve WT mice with 5‐OH‐Cyt stimulated neutrophilic lung inflammation. Multiple CDE instillations stimulated MyD88‐dependent allergic airway inflammation. Multiple administrations of 5‐OH‐Cyt with CDE stimulated allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe show for the first time that CDE challenge stimulates MyD88‐dependent excision of DNA base lesions. Our data suggest that the resultant‐free base(s) contribute to CDE‐induced innate/allergic lung inflammation. We suggest that blocking the MyD88 pathway in the airways with specific inhibitors may be a novel targeted strategy of inhibiting amplification of innate and adaptive immune inflammation in allergic diseases by oxidatively induced DNA base lesions.