bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shading on Leaf Anatomical Structure, Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Jumrani Kanchan , Bhatia Virender Singh , Hussain Sajad , Kataria Sunita , Yang Xinghong , Brestic Marian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of different shade treatments (0%, 35%, 50% and 75%) on physiological traits and yield attributes of two soybean genotypes namely JS 97‐52 and JS 95‐60. The results clearly showed that plants which were grown under control conditions exhibited the highest values for specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, leaf thickness and stomatal density, whereas the lowest values were observed in plants subjected to 75% shading. Moreover, a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and electron transport rate was observed with decreased solar radiation. Performance index, fluorescence area, Fv/Fo, Fo/fm, ABS/CSo, DIo/CSo, TRo/CSo and ETo/CSo were also reduced under heavy shade. Seed yield was reduced by 24%, 47% and 62% in JS 97‐52 and by 51%, 82% and 92% in JS 95‐60 under 35%, 50% and 75% shading, respectively, compared to the control conditions. Therefore, to enhance crop productivity under intercropping, the effects of shade should be taken into consideration.
Dry Spell Dynamics Impacting the Productivity of Rainfed Crops Over the Semi‐Arid Regions of South‐East India
Authors: Bal Santanu Kumar , Kumar Koilakonda Ashok , Sudheer Kaipa Venkata Subrahmanya , Subba Rao Abburi Venkata M. , Pavani Kanagala , Reddy Chagam Venkata Chandra Mohan , Reddy Bodireddy Sahadeva , Chandran Malamal Alickal Sarath , Manikandan Narayanan , Singh Vinod Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe crop productivity in rainfed regions is driven by the quantum and distribution of rainfall during the crop growth period. The dry spell index (DSI) was used in the present investigation to quantify the cumulative impact of dry spells on major rainfed crops of the kharif season (June–September) in India's semi‐arid regions of Andhra Pradesh. The effect of DSI on the yield of major rainfed crops, i.e., groundnut, pigeon pea, cotton, maize and pearl millet was estimated and compared with the widely used standard precipitation index (SPI). Our results revealed that among the various districts, a higher DSI (> 16.1) was noticed in Anantapur that experienced a DSI of 8.1–16.0 in 77% of the years during the study period (1998–2019), which indicated that the crop suffered stress conditions during the season affecting the crop yields. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the yields of various crops (groundnut, pigeon pea, maize and pearl millet) and DSI. On the other hand, SPI analysis showed that 74%–83% of the years experienced normal (−0.99 to 0.99) to moderately dry (−1.00 to −1.49) conditions, indicating normal rainfall status during the season. At the same time, no significant correlation was found between the SPI and crop yields. Therefore, the present study revealed that the DSI performed better in quantifying the dry spells and their impact on crop yields, especially under rainfed conditions in the semi‐arid regions of south‐east India.
The Effect of AI‐Based Systems on Mathematics Achievement in Rural Context: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Khazanchi Rashmi , Di Mitri Daniele , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite educational advances, poor mathematics achievement persists among K‐12 students, particularly in rural areas with limited resources and skilled teachers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems have increasingly been adopted to support the diverse learning needs of students and have been shown to enhance mathematics achievement through personalized learning experiences by adapting to student's needs. Existing studies have documented the positive impact of AI‐based systems on mathematics achievement. However, there is a lack of research that has studied AI‐based systems on students' mathematics achievement and engagement in rural settings. The present study addresses the existing literature gap by focusing on the AI‐based Edmentum Exact Path, analyzing its effectiveness in enhancing mathematics achievement and engagement among 8th‐grade students in rural schools in the Southern United States. By examining both cognitive and affective engagement, along with students' mathematics achievement, this research explores the role of AI‐based systems in student learning.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effectiveness of Edmentum Exact Path, an AI‐based system, in improving 8th‐grade students' mathematics achievement and affective and cognitive engagement in the Southern United States.MethodsThis study utilized a quasi‐experimental design involving 78 students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, comparing those receiving supplemental Edmentum Exact Path‐led instruction and traditional teacher‐led methods to a control group receiving only the teacher‐led instructions. Mathematics achievement was measured through pre‐tests and post‐tests, while student engagement was assessed using the 5‐point Student Engagement Instrument (SEI). Statistical analysis was performed using t‐tests and ANOVA.Results and ConclusionsThe findings revealed statistically significant improvements in mathematics achievement for both the experimental and control groups. However, the group using teacher‐led instruction showed a statistically significant improvement in affective engagement, while no statistically significant differences were observed in cognitive engagement between groups.ImplicationsThe findings suggest that integrating AI‐based systems like Edmentum Exact Path may enhance affective engagement in mathematics among students from rural areas. However, the impact on cognitive engagement remains unclear, indicating a need for further research. These results support the potential for integrating AI‐based systems to enhance mathematics achievement in rural settings.
Multi Professional Consultant Practice—What Is it and How Does the Role Contribute Systems Transformation?
Authors: Peet Jacqueline , Middleton Rebekkah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHealthcare systems are facing unprecedented need to respond to an ever‐evolving context of providing safe person‐centred care to its citizens and staff. This transformation requires a rethink of healthcare leadership. Systems leaders are critical for culture change; to support safe patient care, facilitate innovation, build person‐centred teams, and develop a collaborative workforce. Education has been considered the panacea for leadership growth with current models closely connected to qualifications, distinct courses and micro‐credentialing. Yet systems leaders need skills, capacities and experience which augment interprofessional teams to work and innovate in ways which are creative, satisfying and sustaining. These leaders facilitate interprofessional partnerships vertically and horizontally within an organisation. One such role is the Multi Professional Consultant Practitioner, who are expert practitioners and embedded researchers, with a strategic whole system approach, and value all voices toward improving patient and staff experience. This role has been predominantly developed within the United Kingdom. However, a global model would translate this role within health systems more broadly. Potential exists for integrated expertise to enable quality care across the system to meet the needs of their local communities. With this in mind, this scoping review aimed at exploring the Multi Professional Consultant Practitioner role‐what it is and how it contributes to system transformation.
Factors Associated With Junior Nurses Ability to Recognise and Respond to Clinical Deterioration: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Tertiary Hospitals in Malawi
Authors: Chipeta Christina , Lingli Peng , Nget Musa , Thamala Chifundo Benedicto 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleRecognising and responding swiftly to patient deterioration is critical for preventing adverse events. Junior nurses play a vital role in identifying the signs of clinical deterioration and initiating interventions. No prior studies have assessed junior nurses’ abilities to manage clinical deterioration in Malawi.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess junior nurses’ ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration in Malawian tertiary hospitals and identify associated factors.MethodsThe institutional based cross‐section study design was used which included 322 junior nurses across all departments of four tertiary hospitals in Malawi (November–December 2023). Data collection utilised a questionnaire for clinical deterioration recognition and response ability in junior nurses. Chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression tests were used for data analysis.FindingsJunior nurses achieved a median score of 71 with an interquartile range of 68–75 on the clinical deterioration questionnaire. According to the study, nurses with more work experience, those who worked in intensive care units, and those who participated in discussions about clinical deterioration had better scores. In contrast, nurses with less than 1 year of experience were 5.5 times more likely to struggle with recognising and responding to clinical deterioration than those with 5 years of experience (OR: 5.506, p = 007). Additionally, working in the paediatric department decreased junior nurses’ ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration six times compared to working in the intensive care unit (OR: 6.068, p = 0.018). Furthermore, junior nurses who had never engaged in discussions related to clinical deterioration had a seven times higher likelihood of poor ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration (OR = 6.954, p = 0.005).ConclusionThis study highlights the need for specialised training programmes related to clinical deterioration that incorporate active learning, such as clinical scenarios and practical applications, along with mentorship initiatives to enhance junior nurses’ skills and confidence in recognising and responding to clinical deterioration.
Unseen Heroes: Exploring the Impact of Schizophrenia Caregiving on Families
Authors: Chaudhary Ghinasha , Asmat Alia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that not only affects the individual diagnosed but also has profound implications for their families and caregivers. This paper aims to shed light on the emotional, social and practical challenges faced by caregivers, as well as the coping mechanisms they employ to navigate the complexities of caregiving.MethodsThrough semi‐structured interviews with caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, thematic analysis was employed to uncover the initial reactions, dynamics, daily life impact and coping skills.ResultsThematic analysis of caregiver interviews reveals dominant themes including the emotional rollercoaster of caregiving, fostering fulfilling lives for loved ones with schizophrenia, the balancing act of caregiving responsibilities and the importance of social support networks.ConclusionCaregivers often experience a wide range of emotions, from love and empathy to frustration and helplessness, as they navigate the challenges of supporting their loved ones with schizophrenia. Additionally, caregivers may face stigma, social isolation and financial strain, further complicating their caregiving journey.
Effects of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Diacetate on the Growth Probabilities of Salmonella Spp. and Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Hwang Cheng‐An , Huang Lihan , Sheen Shiowshuh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSalmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus have been linked to foodborne illnesses caused by the consumption of processed meat products. This study examined the growth probabilities of these two pathogens as affected by sodium chloride (salt), sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate in a solid medium for using these three additives to improve the microbial safety of processed meat. Sterilized tryptic soy agar (TSA, 200 μL) formulated with a combination of salt (3%–8%, aw 0.98–0.93), lactate (0%–2.4%), and diacetate (0%–0.25%) and inoculated with Salmonella spp. or S. aureus was dispersed into 96‐well microplates and incubated at 37°C for 7 days. After incubation, a well showing any Salmonella spp. or S. aureus colonies was denoted as a growth event, otherwise a no‐growth event. The number of growth events for each formulation was recorded. The effects of the additives on the growth event were analyzed by logistic regression to identify the growth and no‐growth boundaries and the formulations that may prevent the growth of Salmonella spp. or S. aureus. For Salmonella spp., the observed minimum no‐growth concentrations in TSA were 3% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.2% diacetate or 1.6% lactate+0.1% diacetate, 4% salt with 2.4% lactate, 5% salt with 0.25% diacetate, 6% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.15% diacetate, 7% salt with 0.8% lactate or 0.15% diacetate, and 8% salt alone. For S. aureus, the concentrations were 3% salt with 2.4% lactate+0.2 diacetate, 5% salt with 1.6% lactate+0.2% diacetate, 7% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.25% diacetate, and 8% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.20% diacetate or 1.6% lactate+0.15% diacetate. These no‐growth formulations also inhibited the growth of both pathogens in cooked meat samples. Mathematical models were developed to describe the effects of the additives on the growth probabilities of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus. Findings from this study may be used for formulating refrigerated and shelf‐stable meat products to reduce Salmonella spp. and S. aureus risk.
Pressure and Temperature Estimation in Greenschist‐Facies Metapelites: An Example From the Variscan Belt in Sardinia
Authors: Petroccia A. , Forshaw J. B. , Lanari P. , Iaccarino S. , Montomoli C. , Carosi R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhase equilibrium modelling is a powerful method for obtaining pressure–temperature (P–T) estimates in metapelites; however, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of applying this technique to greenschist‐facies pelites have received little attention. This study uses two greenschist‐facies metapelites from the Nappe Zone in Sardinia (Italy) to examine differences between currently available thermobarometric techniques. First, this work compares P–T estimates from chlorite–K‐white mica–quartz–water and K‐white mica–quartz–water multiequilibrium approaches, the latter integrated with previously published Tmax results from Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. Consistent P–T conditions are retrieved from these methods for both samples, with P–T estimates suggesting a difference in peak metamorphic conditions between the Internal and External Nappe Zones of Sardinia (peak P–T conditions of 0.6–0.8 GPa, 420°C–450°C and 0.4–0.5 GPa, 370°C–400°C for the Internal and External Nappes, respectively). Second, phase equilibrium modelling was used to assess the ability of six different sets of solution models, alongside their associated thermodynamic datasets, to constrain P–T conditions in the same samples, which are characterized by high‐variance mineral assemblages. Significant differences were found between the six thermodynamic databases, and important discrepancies were recognized between the observed and predicted mineral assemblages and compositions (e.g., Si in K‐white mica). In only one sample, three databases were able to predict the observed natural assemblage. The compositional isopleths for K‐white mica, from the same databases, do not intersect, offering no assistance in constraining P–T conditions. However, one database predicted chlorite's natural composition, yielding a P–T estimate consistent with multiequilibrium methods: ~0.9 GPa, ~350°C–400°C for the Internal Nappe Zone and ~0.5 GPa, ~300°C–350°C for the External Nappe Zone. Although P–T conditions constrained using calculated isopleths from greenschist‐facies metapelites and databases optimized for modelling low‐grade to medium‐grade pelitic systems may be reliable, they should be applied cautiously and compared with estimates from inverse and independent approaches.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib Against Traditional Therapies in Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stefanis Athanasios J. , Dolezal Tomas , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Arenberger Petr 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease which results in reversible hair loss. Janus kinase inhibitors are prescribed for severe alopecia areata with encouraging results. There are no studies comparing the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors to traditional treatment options, such as topical immunomodulators and traditional immunosuppressants.AimsTo retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, an approved Janus kinase inhibitor, to other treatments for severe AA during a 6‐month treatment period.Materials/MethodsWe included patients with newly presenting, relapsing or treatment‐resistant alopecia areata with Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≥ 50, for the period between July 2021 and July 2023. Medical histories were reviewed and possible side effects were recorded. Primary endpoints were SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10 after 6 months of treatment.ResultsSeventy‐five patients (53 females) were divided into three groups: topical immunomodulators (51 patients); baricitinib (19 patients); and a group receiving pulsed intramuscular corticosteroids or traditional immunosuppressants (11 patients). Twenty‐one patients received more than one treatment options within 2 years. After 6 months, the baricitinib group showed superior efficacy with 32% and 26% of patients achieving SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10, compared to 12% and 9% in both other groups. Baricitinib demonstrated better secondary outcomes (50% and 90% reduction from initial SALT scores). All treatments exhibited mild‐to‐moderate and expected side effects. Weight gain, which had not been reported in clinical trials for alopecia areata, was observed in three baricitinib‐treated patients.ConclusionBaricitinib was superior to traditional treatments for severe alopecia areata after 6 months. Weight gain concerned 16% of patients receiving baricitinib.
Formulation and Evaluation of Valproic Acid Microemulsions for Enhanced Transfollicular Delivery in Guinea Pig Skin
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Jafarian Soroush , Salimi Arghavan , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundValproic acid (VPA) is used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions. While oral VPA can cause hair loss, topical application has shown potential for hair regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate microemulsion (ME) formulations of VPA for enhanced transfollicular delivery.MethodsVPA‐loaded MEs were prepared using oleic acid, Transcutol P, Tween 80, Labrasol, and Capryol 90. The MEs were characterized for physicochemical properties, stability, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation through the hairy abdominal and nonhairy ear skin of guinea pigs.ResultsEight stable ME formulations were developed with droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 24 nm, pH 4.6 to 5.2, and viscosity 77 to 85 cps. In vitro release studies showed controlled release profiles over 24 h. Permeation studies revealed enhanced drug delivery through both follicular and nonfollicular pathways compared with aqueous VPA solution. Formulations with higher surfactant/cosurfactant ratios showed increased permeation through the follicular pathway.ConclusionThe ME formulations significantly enhanced VPA penetration into both epidermal and follicular pathways compared with aqueous solution. The composition of the MEs, particularly the oil content, water content, and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio, played a crucial role in determining the physicochemical properties and skin permeation parameters of VPA.
Primary splenic ectopic pregnancy: A case report and literature review of a rare issue
Authors: Paolo Verrazzo , Maria Pirozzi Raffaele Emmanuele , Vivian Del Sorbo , Claudio Mauriello , Cristina Stradella , Felice Pirozzi , Luigi Stradella 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimPrimary splenic pregnancy is a rare form of extratubal ectopic pregnancy, frequently associated with life‐threatening abdominal bleeding, with only 51 cases reported in the worldwide literature. The aim of this work, through the proposal of its own index case, is to identify the fundamental steps of the diagnostic process, crucial to reduce the mortality rate, while evaluating the available therapeutic options, through a review of the literature, particularly the more conservative ones, to avoid splenectomy.MethodsWe present the case of a 22‐year‐old woman, showing her diagnostic‐therapeutic pathway. We searched Pubmed and other sources for all publications in English and all available non‐English literature, including historical publications, on this rare topic, to identify the best treatment for these patients. We classified each article by clinical onset, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, and histological findings, if available.ResultsWe reviewed all the 43 cases available in the English‐language literature (plus another paper in German), finding that 72.7% of patients presented in an emergency setting. Seventy‐five percent of patients required splenectomy, 6.8% received pharmacological‐only therapy, 11.3% received arterial embolization before definitive treatment. The other ones received non‐radical surgical treatment.ConclusionsPrimary splenic pregnancy presents challenging diagnostic and therapeutic features. Treatment options (pharmacological, interventional, and/or surgical) should be tailored based on the clinical presentation and hemodynamic status of the patient. Our work would like to stimulate the validation of evidence‐based therapeutic strategies validated by clinical experience.
A Classical Marxian Two‐Sector Endogenous Cycle Model
Authors: Cajas‐Guijarro John 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a Classical Marxian Two‐Sector Endogenous Cycle (CMTSEC) model, merging Dutt's two‐sector Classical convergence model with labor dynamics drawn from the Goodwin model and an endogenous labor supply inspired by Harris's interpretation of capitalist dynamics. Empirical support reinforces these assumptions. Utilizing the Hopf bifurcation theorem and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the emergence of persistent and stable limit cycles involving the wage share, employment rate, and sectoral capital distribution, all without relying on specific capital intensity discrepancies between sectors. This result challenges existing two‐sector models, particularly Sato's extension of the Goodwin model, in which endogenous cycles either do not exist or vanish over time, even when endogenous labor supply is incorporated. Notably, sectoral profit rates exhibit cyclical fluctuations in the CMTSEC model, suggesting a reevaluation of long‐run equilibrium. The findings highlight the role of investment sensitivity to sectoral profit rate disparities in determining cycle stability.