bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Parent Experience of Communication About Therapeutic Hypothermia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Craig Alexa K. , Gerwin Roslyn , Bainter Janelle , Evans Scott , James Christine 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The unique communication challenges faced by parents of infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia have not been well characterized.

Purpose:
To develop awareness of communication challenges experienced by families of infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods:
Semistructured interviews were conducted in a group setting with parents matched into groups according to the severity of the infant's presenting encephalopathy. The interviews were transcribed and coded into principal and additional subthemes.

Results:
Thirty adults were interviewed including 15 mothers, 12 fathers, 2 grandmothers, and 1 grandfather. The 15 infants were between 2 and 24 months of age at the time of the interviews. The principal theme of communication included the following 3 subthemes; transparency, consistency, and delivery style. Parents reported a strong desire for improved early and transparent communication about therapeutic hypothermia, particularly during transfer from an outside hospital. Parents also reported a preference for consistent communication and highlighted parental touch of the hypothermic infant, obstetrical nurse-to-neonatal intensive care unit nurse communication, and parent and visitor presence in the infant's room as areas in need of greater communication consistency. Parents valued direct and compassionate communication styles that excluded medical jargon.

Implications for Practice:
All providers can implement recommendations for communication to parents of infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia by increasing transparency, developing greater consistency in the communication delivered, and employing a direct and compassionate style to improve the parental experience of therapeutic hypothermia.

Implications for Research:
Further investigation is needed into the specific challenges parents face with a lack of transparent communication prior to the transfer of an infant for therapeutic hypothermia.
Supports and Barriers to the Provision of Human Milk by Mothers of African American Preterm Infants
Authors: LoVerde Bianca , Falck Alison , Donohue Pamela , Hussey-Gardener Brenda 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Mother's own milk (MOM) provides significant health benefits to very low birth-weight infants (VLBW, ≤1500 g). However, 60% of African American (AA) women initiate lactation, and less than 35% provide MOM 6 months following the birth of their infant. Previous research focuses on term infants and is not specific to AA mothers of VLBW infants.

Purpose:
To qualitatively describe supports and barriers experienced by AA mothers while providing MOM for their VLBW infants.

Methods:
In this qualitative, descriptive study, we conducted semistructured interviews with AA mothers who provided MOM for their VLBW infant. Interviews were transcribed and manually coded concurrently with enrollment until theoretical saturation was achieved. Infant charts were reviewed for demographics, and triangulation with notes from the medical record by bedside nurse lactation consultants and other providers was performed to increase validity. Member checks were completed to ensure true meaning of responses.

Results:
Theoretical saturation was achieved after 9 interviews. Themes perceived to support provision of MOM included (1) Being a Mother; (2) Neonatal intensive care unit environment; (3) Community support; and (4) Useful resources. Themes that emerged as barriers to the provision of MOM were: (1) Maternal illness; (2) Milk expression; (3) Challenging home environment; and (4) Emotional distress.

Implications for Practice:
African American mothers report supports similar to published data but faced challenges not previously reported. These factors warrant attention by professionals who support lactation in this population.

Implications for Research:
Future research will address perceived barriers to improve provision of MOM and the quality of the lactation journey of AA mothers of preterm infants.
Effect of Administration of Ramelteon, a Melatonin Receptor Agonist, on the Duration of Stay in the ICU: A Single-Center Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial*
Authors: Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Numaguchi Atsushi , Takahashi Kunihiko , Miyagawa Yasuhiro , Matsui Kota , Higashi Michiko , Makishi Go , Matsui Shigeyuki , Matsuda Naoyuki 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Occurrence of delirium in the ICU is associated with a longer stay in the ICU. To examine whether the use of ramelteon, a melatonin agonist, can prevent delirium and shorten the duration of ICU stay of critically ill patients.

Design:
A single-center, triple-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Setting:
ICU of an academic hospital.

Patients:
Eligible patients were ICU patients who could take medicines orally or through a nasogastric tube during the first 48 hours of admission.

Interventions:
The intervention group received ramelteon (8 mg/d), and the control group received placebo (1 g/d of lactose powder) at 20:00 hours every day until discharge from the ICU.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 88 subjects were randomized to the ramelteon group (45 subjects) or the placebo group (43 subjects). As the primary endpoint, there was a trend toward decrease in the duration of ICU stay (4.56 d) in the ramelteon group compared with the placebo group (5.86 d) (p = 0.082 and p = 0.028 before and after adjustments). As the secondary endpoints, statistically significant decreases in the occurrence rate (24.4% vs 46.5%; p = 0.044) and duration (0.78 vs 1.40 d; p = 0.048) of delirium were observed in the ramelteon group. The nonintubated patients of the ramelteon group showed statistically significantly fewer awakenings per night and a higher proportion of nights without awakenings.

Conclusions:
Ramelteon tended to decrease the duration of ICU stay as well as decreased the occurrence rate and duration of delirium statistically significantly.
Use of Primary Anastomosis With Diverting Ileostomy in Patients With Acute Diverticulitis Requiring Urgent Operative Intervention
Authors: Cauley Christy E. , Patel Ruchin , Bordeianou Liliana 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Previous studies suggest that urgent colectomy and primary anastomosis with diversion is safe for perforated diverticulitis. Current guidelines support this approach.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to describe the use of urgent or emergent primary anastomosis with diversion in diverticulitis before the 2014 American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons guidelines and compare national outcomes of primary anastomosis with diversion to the Hartmann procedure.

DESIGN:
This was a national retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted with a national all-payer US sample from 1998 to 2011.

PATIENTS:
Patients included those admitted and treated with urgent or emergent colectomy for diverticulitis. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, concurrent diagnosis of colorectal cancer or IBD, no fecal diversion performed, and operations >24 hours after admission.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
In-hospital mortality was measured.

RESULTS:
A total of 124,198 patients underwent emergent or urgent colectomy for acute diverticulitis; 67,721 underwent concurrent fecal diversion, including 65,084 (96.1%) who underwent end colostomy and 2637 (3.9%) who underwent anastomosis with ileostomy. The rate of primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy increased from 30 to 60 diverting ileostomy cases per 1000 operative diverticulitis cases in 1998 versus 2011 (incidence rate ratio = 2.04 (95% CI, 1.70–2.50). However, overall use remained low, with >90% of patients undergoing end colostomy. Complication rates were higher (32.1% vs 23.3%; p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality rates were higher (16.0% vs 6.4%; p < 0.001) for primary anastomosis with diversion patients compared with end colostomy. These findings were consistent on multivariable logistic regression. Other factors that contributed to in-hospital mortality included increasing age, increasing comorbid disease burden, and socioeconomic status.

LIMITATIONS:
Billing data can be inaccurate or biased because of nonmedically trained professional data entry. Selection bias could have affected the results of this retrospective study.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of primary anastomosis with proximal diversion for urgent colectomy in diverticulitis increased over our study period; however, overall use remained low. Poor national outcomes after primary anastomosis with proximal diversion might affect compliance with new guidelines. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A600.
Clozapine Titration for People in Early Psychosis
Authors: Ballon Jacob S. , Ashfaq Hera , Noordsy Douglas L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The use of clozapine, particularly in young people, is often limited by early treatment-emergent adverse effects including drowsiness and lethargy. Concerns about adverse effects, medication adherence, and the need for blood monitoring often impede the use of clozapine in this population, leading to repeated trials of less effective medications. Current clozapine dosing recommendations are based on people further in the course of their illness and thus reflect different responsiveness and sensitivities to antipsychotic medication. As such, there is a need for evidence-based guidelines for titration and dosing of clozapine among people in early psychosis.

Methods/Procedures
We performed a chart review of 14 people treated with clozapine within our early psychosis team. Data regarding dose titration, response, time to discontinuation, symptom severity, weight gain, and other adverse effects were gathered at clozapine initiation, 3 months, and last available visit on clozapine.

Findings/Results
People treated with slow titration within their first year of psychosis onset achieved sustained response at very low maintenance doses (mean dose = 81 mg/d, mean duration of treatment = 200 weeks) compared with slow titration with longer duration of illness (mean dose = 350 mg/d, mean duration of treatment = 68 weeks) or standard dose titration in early psychosis (mean dose = 112 mg/d, mean duration of treatment = 38 weeks). The most common adverse effects in all groups were weight gain and sedation, with the groups requiring higher mean doses reporting a broader range of adverse effects. There was no apparent difference in the clinical global impression for severity or improvement between the slow titration and standard titration groups in people with early psychosis. These observations are synthesized into a proposed treatment guideline for use of clozapine among people in early psychosis.

Implications/Conclusions
We describe development of a slow titration approach to initiating clozapine among people in early psychosis. This approach resulted in clinical response at remarkably low maintenance doses of clozapine among people within their first year of illness, but not in those with longer duration of symptoms. Slow titration also led to good tolerability and acceptance of clozapine treatment for some patients.
Protective Effect of Scopoletin Against Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Leema George , Tamizhselvi Ramasamy 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of scopoletin (SC) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) and associated lung injury in mice.

Methods
Acute pancreatitis was induced in male Swiss mice by 6 consecutive hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg). Scopoletin was administered 1 hour (intraperitoneal, 10 mg/kg) after the first cerulein injection.

Results
Administration of SC attenuated the severity of AP and associated lung injury as shown by histology, reduced myeloperoxidase, and serum amylase activity. Further, the anti-inflammatory effect of SC was associated with a reduction of pancreatic and pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α) and hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, SC inhibited cerulein-induced nuclear factor κB activation in both pancreas and lung. Also, SC treatment further enhances the beneficial effect by reducing cerulein-induced mast cell activation as shown by reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 33, and preprotachykinin A expression (encodes neuropeptide substance P) in the pancreas and lungs.

Conclusions
The present findings show for the first time that in AP SC may exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating substance P and hydrogen sulfide signaling via nuclear factor κB pathway.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Short-Term Sustainability of the Locally Grown Produce Initiative of the Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program in New York State
Authors: Allsopp Marie A. K. , Hosler Akiko S. 
Published: March 2018

Context:
The Hunger Prevention and Nutrition Assistance Program (HPNAP) is a New York State Department of Health program. The HPNAP improves nutritional quality of food available at food banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and emergency shelters through contractual relationships to fund the purchase, delivery, storage, and service of nutritious food.

Objective:
To determine whether a one-time fiscal stimulus of the Locally Grown Produce Initiative to HPNAP contractors in 2012-2013 would result in a short-term sustainable increase in the proportion of dollars spent on New York State Grown (NYSG) produce.

Design:
Quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design. We analyzed New York State Department of Health administrative data regarding expenditures on all produce and NYSG produce by HPNAP contractors.

Setting:
New York State.

Outcome Measures:
The proportion of dollars spent on NYSG produce during 2011-2012 (preintervention) and 2013-2014 (postintervention) was compared between HPNAP food bank contractors (recipients of stimulus money, n = 8) and non–food bank contractors (nonrecipients, n = 34) using nonparametric methods.

Results:
The HPNAP Locally Grown Produce Initiative was associated with an increased proportion of NYSG produce spending by food bank contractors that received a fiscal stimulus 1 year later. Upstate food banks had the largest increase (median 31.6%) among all HPNAP contractors.

Conclusion:
The results of this study revealed that the Locally Grown Produce Initiative fiscal stimulus had a positive, year-long and statewide effect on the proportion of expenditure on NYSG produce by food banks. We hope that the initial success seen in New York State may encourage other states to adopt similar initiatives in future.
Leadership Perceptions of Endgame Strategies for Tobacco Control in California
Authors: Smith Elizabeth A. , McDaniel Patricia A. , Malone Ruth E. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:To explore the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding advancement of the tobacco endgame in California.Design:Interviews and focus groups exploring participants' knowledge of the tobacco endgame concept, their reactions to 4 endgame policy proposals (banning tobacco sales, registering smokers, retailer reduction, and permanently prohibiting tobacco sales to all those born after a certain year [“tobacco-free generation”]), and policy priorities and obstacles.Participants:Interviews with 11 California legislators/legislative staff members, 6 leaders of national tobacco control organizations, and 5 leaders of California-based organizations or California subsidiaries of national organizations. Focus groups (7) with professional and volunteer tobacco control advocates in Northern, Southern, and Central California.Results:Advocates were more familiar with the endgame concept than legislators or legislative staff. All proposed endgame policies received both support and opposition, but smoker registration and banning tobacco sales were the least popular, regarded as too stigmatizing or too extreme. The tobacco-free generation and retailer-reduction policies received the most support. Both were regarded as politically feasible, given their focus on protecting youth or regulating retailers and their gradual approach. Concerns raised about all the proposals included the creation of black markets and the potential for disparate impacts on disadvantaged communities.Conclusion:Participants' willingness to support novel tobacco control proposals suggests that they understand the magnitude of the tobacco problem and have some appetite for innovation despite concerns about specific endgame policies. A preference for more gradual approaches suggests that taking incremental steps toward an endgame policy goal may be the most effective strategy.
Memory encoding of syntactic information involves domain-general attentional resources. Evidence from dual-task studies
Authors: Heyselaar Evelien , Segaert Katrien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigate the type of attention (domain-general or language-specific) used during syntactic processing. We focus on syntactic priming: In this task, participants listen to a sentence that describes a picture (prime sentence), followed by a picture the participants need to describe (target sentence). We measure the proportion of times participants use the syntactic structure they heard in the prime sentence to describe the current target sentence as a measure of syntactic processing. Participants simultaneously conducted a motion-object tracking (MOT) task, a task commonly used to tax domain-general attentional resources. We manipulated the number of objects the participant had to track; we thus measured participants’ ability to process syntax while their attention is not-, slightly-, or overly-taxed. Performance in the MOT task was significantly worse when conducted as a dual-task compared to as a single task. We observed an inverted U-shaped curve on priming magnitude when conducting the MOT task concurrently with prime sentences (i.e., memory encoding), but no effect when conducted with target sentences (i.e., memory retrieval). Our results illustrate how, during the encoding of syntactic information, domain-general attention differentially affects syntactic processing, whereas during the retrieval of syntactic information domain-general attention does not influence syntactic processing.
Metagenomic assembly of new (sub)arctic Cyanobacteria and their associated microbiome from non-axenic cultures
Authors: Cornet Luc , Bertrand Amandine R. , Hanikenne Marc , Javaux Emmanuelle J. , Wilmotte Annick , Baurain Denis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyanobacteria form one of the most diversified phylum of Bacteria. They are important ecologically as primary producers, for Earth evolution and biotechnological applications. Yet, Cyanobacteria are notably difficult to purify and grow axenically, and most strains in culture collections contain heterotrophic bacteria that were likely associated to Cyanobacteria in the environment. Obtaining cyanobacterial DNA without contaminant sequences is thus a challenging and time-consuming task. Here, we deploy a metagenomic pipeline that enables the easy recovery of high-quality genomes from non-axenic cultures. We tested this pipeline on 17 cyanobacterial cultures from the BCCM/ULC public collection and generated novel genome sequences for 15 arctic or subarctic strains, of which 14 early-branching organisms that will be useful for cyanobacterial phylogenomics. In parallel, we managed to assemble 31 co-cultivated bacteria from the same cultures and showed that they mostly belong to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, some of them being very closely related in spite of geographically distant sampling sites.ImportanceComplete genomes of cold-adapted Cyanobacteria are underrepresented in databases, due to the difficulty to grow them axenically. In this work, we report the genome sequencing of 12 (sub)arctic and 3 temperate Cyanobacteria, along with 21 Proteobacteria and 5 Bacteroidetes recovered from their microbiome. Following the use of a state-of-the-art metagenomic pipeline, 12 of our new cyanobacterial genome assemblies are of high-quality, which indicates that even non-axenic cultures can yield complete genomes suitable for phylogenomics and comparative genomics. From a methodological point of view, we investigate the fate of SSU rRNA (16S) genes during metagenomic binning and observe that multi-copy rRNA operons are lost because of higher sequencing coverage and divergent tetranucleotide frequencies. Moreover, we devised a measure of genomic identity to compare metagenomic bins of different completeness, which allowed us to show that Cyanobacteria-associated bacteria can be highly related in spite of considerable distance between collection points.
Quantification of DNA samples by Ethidium Bromide Spot Technique
Authors: Zhao Jessica , Zhao Julian , Cummins Antoine , Gonzalez Tiffany , Axler-DiPerte Grace , Camenares Devin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccurate and quick determination of DNA concentration is critical for the assembly of synthetic constructs, as well as a multitude of other experiments. We sought to optimize an under-utilized and inexpensive approach for determining DNA concentration: a spotting technique that uses the intercalating dye Ethidium Bromide. This technique does not require specialized equipment such as a spectrophotometer, but instead relies on visualization of dye-DNA complex fluorescence when excited by UV light. We modelled and tested a range of parameters for dye concentration and spot size, finding that 15uL spots with 1.0ug/mL Ethidium Bromide produced the most reliable standard curve. More importantly, we hope that our approach can help other labs optimize this protocol for their own experimental setup. Adoption of this technique may help enable development of iGEM teams in resource limited environments and laboratories which do not or cannot employ a satisfactory method for determining DNA concentration.Financial DisclosureWe obtained funding support from Canon Solutions America, and indirect support for this work through the CUNY Research Scholars Program. However, the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Competing InterestsThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ethics StatementN/AData AvailabilityYes – all data are fully available without restriction. The data can be found in the associated supplementary materials.Article TagsDNA, Ethidium Bromide, EtBr, Concentration, Method, UV, Gibson AssemblyHeader StatementThis work was assessed during the iGEM/PLOS Realtime Peer Review Jamboree on 23rd February 2018 and has been revised in response to the reviewers. Responses to Reviewers, and supplementary information (including Fig. S1) are available as separate files.