bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Health Believe Model to Explain the Patient’s Compliance to Anti-hypertensive Treatment in Three District Hospitals - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross Section Study
Authors: Joho Angelina Alphonce , Leshabari Sebalda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors; but compliance to anti-hypertensive medications remains to be a public health challenge worldwide. Health belief model have been used to explain adoption of preventive measures to health problems. This study used the health belief model as a framework to explain the compliance to anti-hypertensive drugs among elderly hypertensive patients. The study aimed at finding the influence of health belief model in treatment compliance among elderly hypertensive patients in three district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods We conducted an analytical cross- sectional study in three District hospitals in Dar es Salaam Region. We included patients who were on antihypertensive medications. Simple random sampling was used to enrol study participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS. Frequency distribution and Multivariate analysis was done using Linear Multiple Regression to identify variables which are strongest predictor of treatment compliance among variables of Health Believe Model. Results: A total of 135 participants were enrolled, 56% were compliant to treatment. Multiple linear regression was used to operationalize the Health Belief Model with treatment compliance being dependant variable. The predictor variables were perceived benefit, perceived barriers and cues to action. Multivariate analysis indicated significant model fit for the data (F = 11.19 and P value < 0.001). The amount of variance in treatment compliance that is explained by the predictors is 30.3% (R² = 0.303) with perceived barrier being the strongest predictor of treatment compliance (β = -0.477; p < 0.001). A negative beta coefficient indicates a negative association between perceived barriers and treatment compliance. Other predictor variables were not statistically associated with treatment compliance. Conclusion: The study showed that almost half of study participants had hypertensive treatment compliance, with the use of health believe model the important strongest variable was perceived barrier to treatment. An innovative strategy on improving patients’ perception of barrier to treatment is recommended to increase treatment compliance. Key words: Hypertension, Treatment compliance, lifestyle
Prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Tadesse Fikru , Mekonnen Shewangizaw , T/Selassie Wondwosen , Kediro Gemechu , Gobena Negeso , Bedaso Asres , Ebrahim Jemal , Gebrehana Ephrem 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in hospitals of Sothern Ethiopia, 2018/2019.Result Of the total 423 road traffic injury, motorcycles were involved in 213 (50.4%) of the road traffic accidents. The presence of poor road conditions like loose gravel, steep descent, and rough road was responsible for 44.6% of motorcycle accident injury. The odds of motorcycle accident injuries were 50% and 52% less likely to occur during sunny and foggy weather conditions respectively compared to rainy weather conditions.
Comparing the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of propofol injection pain in adults: a prospective randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Zhu Xuqin , Jia Songlin , Xu Yajun , Sun Zhirong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Propofol injection pain (PIP) is common and may decrease patient comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of PIP.Methods

235 patients, who scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18–80 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II, were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 47 each). All patients were induced through the dor­sal hand vein or antecubital vein. The five groups were given the following medication intravenously: saline (Group I), lidocaine 20 mg (Group II), lidocaine 40 mg (Group III), dezocine 2 mg (Group IV) and dezocine 4 mg (Group V). Twenty seconds later all patients received a propofol infusion and were asked to grade pain or discomfort in the hand or forearm according to a four-point scale until anesthesia.Results

Three groups showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group I: Group III (OR [Odds ratio]: 0.39 (0.16, 0.93)); Group IV (OR: 0.21 (0.09, 0.51)) and Group V (OR: 0.12 (0.05, 0.30)). Group IV showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.32 (0.13, 0.77)). Group V showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.15 (0.06, 0.39)) or Group III (OR: 0.30 (0.13, 0.72)).Conclusion

Dezocine is a novel agent to alleviate PIP and appears to some extent to be more effective than lidocaine.
Wastewater reuse in Turkey: from present status to future potential
Authors: Nas Bilgehan , Uyanik Sinan , Aygün Ahmet , Doğan Selim , Erul Gürsel , Nas K. Batuhan , Turgut Sefa , Cop Mustafa , Dolu Taylan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) initiated an important project, ‘Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Turkey’, in 2017. With this project, all wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated to determine wastewater reuse purposes for the first time. The results obtained from this project were that although there are 1,015 existing WWTPs, only 15 of them realized wastewater reuse. In 2017, the total volume of reused treated wastewater in Turkey amounted to 29.6 million m3/year, accounting for 0.78% of the treated urban wastewater. With the present water potential and sectoral water use rates, Turkey should make key administrative and technical regulations in the coming years for water reuse. This paper aims to give an overview of wastewater reuse activities from present status to future potential in Turkey and the opportunities and challenges in expanding water reuse. The status of WWTPs, treatment processes and their compliance with the WWTPs where reuse is carried out in Turkey are evaluated in this study. The realization of the planned goals and challenges are discussed after regulatory changes in Turkey for reclaimed wastewater and reuse targets for 2023.
Analysis of Unusual Adverse Effects After Radium-223 Dichloride Administration
Authors: Frantellizzi Viviana , Pontico Mariano , Pani Arianna , Pani Roberto , De Vincentis Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

Background:
To our knowledge, no previous study or literature review has been performed
about the effects of the extravasation of therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agents and its potential consequences,
especially regarding alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals.

Methods:
Even if Radium-223 dichloride is known to be a relatively safe drug to manage, despite the
correctness of the procedures applied , unexpected delayed adverse effects can occur.

:
In our vast experience, we rarely observed lymphedema, even after some time, at the site of administration.

Results:
Management of lymphedema caused by radiopharmaceuticals administration has been addressed
through clinical examples. The sudden intervention allowed a fast remission of the signs and
symptoms complained by patients treated with Radium-223 dichloride.

Conclusions:
The management of adverse effects after radiopharmaceuticals administration as in case
of lymphedema onset, is extremely simple. These data confirm the safety of Radium-223 treatment.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Product Formulation
Authors: Singh Lalit , Tiwari Ritesh K. , Verma Shashi , Sharma Vijay 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Conventional approach of formulating a new dosage form is a comprehensive
task and uses various sources like man, money, time and experimental efforts. The use of AI can help
to obtain optimized pharmaceutical formulation with desired (best) attributes. AI minimizes the use of
resources and increases the understanding of impact, of independent variable over desired dependent
responses/variables.

Objective:
Thus, the aim of present work is to explore the use of Artificial intelligence in designing
pharmaceutical products as well as the manufacturing process to get the pharmaceutical product of desired
attributes with ease. The review is presenting various aspects of Artificial intelligence like Quality
by Design (QbD) & Design of Experiment (DoE) to confirm the quality profile of drug product, reduce
interactions among the input variables for the optimization, modelization and various simulation tools
used in pharmaceutical manufacturing (scale up and production).

Conclusion:
Hence, the use of QbD approach in Artificial intelligence is not only useful in understanding
the products or process but also helps in building an excellent and economical pharmaceutical product.
Understanding the Function Constitution and Influence Factors on Communication for the WeChat Official Account of Top Tertiary Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shen Lining , Wang Shimin , Chen Wenqiang , Fu Qiang , Evans Richard , Lan Fuqiang , Li Wei , Xu Juan , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: September 2019

Background
Widespread adoption and continued developments in mobile health care technologies have led to the improved accessibility and quality of medical services. In China, WeChat, an instant messaging and social networking app released by the company Tencent, has developed a specific type of user account called WeChat official account (WOA), which is now widely adopted by hospitals in China. It enables health care providers to connect with local citizens, allowing them to, among other actions, send regular updates through mass circulation. However, with the diversity in function provided by WOA, little is known about its major constitution as well as the influence factors on the WeChat communication index (WCI). The WCI has been widely used in social media impact ranking with various types of WeChat content to fully reflect the dissemination and coverage of tweets as well as the maturity and impact of WOA.

Objective
There are two typical WOAs available to users, namely, WeChat subscription account (WSSA) and WeChat service account (WSVA). The biggest difference between them is the frequency of messages transmitted. This study aimed to explore the function constitution of WSVA adopted by top tertiary hospitals in China and the major contributors of the WCI score.

Methods
A total of 681 top tertiary hospitals were selected from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System; the WOA of every top tertiary hospital was retrieved in the WeChat app. We divided core functional items of WSVAs using categorical principal component analysis. To elicit the factors that influenced the use of WSVA, quantile regression was employed to analyze the WCI score.

Results
From the 668 WOAs identified, adoption of WSVAs (543/668, 81.3%) was more than that of WSSAs (125/668, 18.7%). Functional items of WSVAs were categorized into four clusters: (1) hospital introduction, (2) medical services, (3) visiting assistants, and (4) others. With regard to the influence factors on the WCI, the impact of the activity index of WSVA and the total visiting number of outpatients and emergencies on WCI were statistically significant and positive in all quantiles. However, the year of certification, the type of hospital, the year of public hospital reform, and the number of beds merely affected the WCI at some quantiles.

Conclusions
Our findings are considered helpful to tertiary hospitals in developing in-depth functional items that improve patient experience. The tertiary hospitals should take full advantage of times of posting and provide high-quality tweets to meet the various needs of patients.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN TOLERANSI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI SMP IMMANUEL BATU
Authors: Adawiyah Rubiyatul , Mansur M. , Handayani Trisakti 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) penerapan pendidikan multikultural di SMP Immanuel Batu; (2) toleransi antar umat beragama di SMP Immanuel Batu; (3) faktor pendukung dan penghambat penerapan sikap toleransi atar umat beragama di SMP Immanuel Batu. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini antara lain:(1) bagaimana penerapan pendidikan multikultural di SMP Immanuel Batu; (2) bagaimana toleransi antar umat beragama di SMP Immanuel Batu; (3) apa faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penerapan sikap toleransi antar umat beragama di SMP Immanuel Batu. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian: (1) penerapan pendidikan multikultural diterapkan dalam setiap proses pembelajaran baik di dalam kelas di luar kelas ataupun di dalam sekolah dan di luar sekolah, bentuk diterapkannya pendidikan multikultural yakni diadakannya even-even, keagamaan, hari kartini, dan bulan bahasa. (2) Bentuk toleransi antar umat beragama yakni adanya kebebasan dalam menjalankan syariat agama yang dianut oleh masing-masing siswa, strategi agar toleransi beragama selalu diterapkan yakni dengan adanya kasih dan pembiasan. (3) Fator pendukung penerapan toleransi beragama di SMP Immanuel Batu yakni adanya fasilitas pendukung untuk beribadah, faktor pengambat sering muncul dari guru dan peserta didik itu sendiri.
Cross-Listings and Voluntary Disclosure: International Evidence
Authors: Chen Long , Dong Yashu , Ng Jeff , Tsang Albert 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper examines changes in firms' disclosure behavior around cross-listings. Using an international setting, we find significant differences in management forecast likelihood and frequency between cross-listed firms and firms with similar characteristics but that are not cross-listed; particularly when differences in accounting standards between a cross-listed firm's home and target countries are larger. Further, we find that firms choosing to cross-list in target countries with larger accounting standards differences tend to provide more voluntary disclosure during the two years preceding a new cross-listing, rather than during the earlier time periods or the period after cross-listing, and such voluntary disclosure helps firms attract more foreign institutional ownership in their cross-listing target countries. Collectively, our evidence suggests that although differences in accounting standards across countries deter firms' cross-listing activities, cross-listed firms, by providing more management forecasts voluntarily, preemptively alleviate the information disadvantage faced by foreign institutional investors.
Creating Firm Disclosures
Authors: Amel-Zadeh Amir , Scherf Alexandra , Soltes Eugene F. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Managers expend significant time and effort preparing disclosures about firm performance and strategy. Although prior literature has explored how variation in the style and presentation of disclosures impacts investors' perceptions of firms, little is known about how firms actually create these disclosures and how this process impacts presentation. Based on field data collected from nearly 200 firms, we show that there is considerable variation in who prepares disclosures, when they are prepared, and the amount of effort expended by different types of managers (e.g., legal, public relations/marketing, finance, investor relations, senior leadership). We find that these differences in organizational processes are associated with differences in the structure, style, and tone of 10-Ks and conference calls. Ultimately, our investigation begins to illuminate how individual managerial efforts vary across firms and contribute to differences in public disclosures.
Urinary Sodium/Potassium Ratio in Acute Kidney Injury Accurately Differentiates Prerenal Azotemia from Acute Tubular Necrosis
Authors: Shankel Theodore , Shankel Stewart 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective: To develop a more accurate, cost effective, non-invasive test to differentiate between pre-renal renal failure (PRA) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: Urine sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios were compared with fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) and renal failure index (RFI) as well as other commonly used indices to differentiate patients with PRA from ATN. Patients with a rise in serum creatinine > 0.5 mg/d identified from medical records for a six- to eighteen-month period, were reviewed and categorized either as PRA or ATN based on presenting findings, course in hospital or renal biopsy. All patients had urinary sodium and potassium, creatinine, and serum creatinine done.

Results: The Na/K was < 1 in PRA and > 1 in ATN, correctly identifying all 42 cases of PRA and all 28 patients with ATN. The FeNa was >1 and misdiagnosed 9 of 42 patients with PRA and was >1 and correctly diagnosed all patients with ATN. The RFI was >1 and misdiagnosed 11 of 42 patients with PRA but was >1 and correctly diagnosed all patients with ATN. The BUN/creatinine ratio, urine sodium concentration and U/P creatinine ratio all had a very poor correlation with the correct diagnosis.

Conclusion: The Na/K ratio correctly diagnosed all 42 cases of PRA and all 28 cases of ATN. It is easy to do, is cost effective, non-invasive, and is useful for following patients with PRA to see if and when they develop ATN.
The Effects of Thinnings on Yield and Value Changes in Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Stands: A case study
Authors: Rédei Károly , Keserű Zsolt , Rásó János , Gál János 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Thinning experiments in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands have been conducted in Hungary for many years. Black locust is an economically important tree species supplying the domestic timber industry. This paper evaluates two effects of thinnings: the effect on yield and the effect on stand value. The case study has proved thinnings in black locust stands do not increase periodic total production, but do increase the stem-quality index by 11–24%.
On elliptic curves with a closed component passing through a hexagon
Authors: Kureš Miroslav 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In general, there exists an ellipse passing through the vertices of a convex pentagon, but any ellipse passing through the vertices of a convex hexagon does not have to exist. Thus, attention is turned to algebraic curves of the third degree, namely to the closed component of certain elliptic curves. This closed curve will be called the spekboom curve. Results of numerical experiments and some hypotheses regarding hexagons of special shape connected with the existence of this curve passing through the vertices are presented and suggested. Some properties of the spekboom curve are described, too.
Performance Assessment Methods of Managers in Kosovo Businesses
Authors: Karaxha Hidajet 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Performance measurement is a constant challenge to economic sciences in general, and this study is a response to an increased need for performance measurements to ensure maximum efficiency on the use of human resources. The main goal of this study is to evaluate employee performance as a key component of employee performance management. This paper aims at determining the current development level of new performance measurement techniques experienced by the businesses in Kosovo. In this study, linear regression, Pearson’s Chi-Squared test, and case study methods were used. The total number of case studies comprised 391, out of which 27 study cases were excluded because they did not apply any method of assessing the performance of the penitentiary. The results of the study have shown that businesses in Kosovo applying new evaluation methods of the performance of management staff ensure higher organisational performance. This study brings an added value to the field of application of performance measurement methods, exercising control and motivation of employees and contributing to the encouragement of businesses in Kosovo to apply new performance evaluation methods.
Towards Big Data Analytics in the e-Learning Space
Authors: Popchev Ivan P. , Orozova Daniela A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The issues related to the analysis and management of Big Data, aspects of the security, stability and quality of the data, represent a new research, and engineering challenge. In the present paper, techniques for Big Data storage, search, analysis and management in the area of the virtual e-Learning space and the problems in front of them are considered. A numerical example for explorative analysis of data about the students from Burgas Free University is applied, using instrument for Data Mining of Orange. The analysis is a base for a system for localization of students at risk.
Regional Retail Sector Development in Serbia – Key Performance and Development Indicators’ Gap
Authors: Dragan Stojković , Emilija Manić , Zoran Bogetić , Aleksa Dokić 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Are there significant regional differences in regional retail development in Serbia? This was the main research question at the beginning of writing this paper. The main goal of this paper was to analyse regional differences in retail development based on existing statistical data. The idea was to point out regions with underdeveloped retailing and the one with endangered retail competition. Thorough desk research has been performed. It included both literature review and data collection from available official sources. Existing retail data have been analysed. However, the lack of data at lower levels of aggregation (regional and local) prevents the authors from getting strong conclusions. In addition, the lack of data also altered the main research question, which has now become adequacy of data in the retail sector and potential solutions for that problem. The noted lack of crucial data and solutions for solving this problem were the main purpose of this paper. The main finding is that decision makers in Serbia do not have adequate information about retail network. This is a problem because it is very hard to prove anticompetitive actions or to plan (stimulate) retail development without relevant data from both government and business point of view. Retail census would help getting key indicators about development of retailing in certain regions and municipalities. However, the solution needs to be sustainable. Therefore, some legislative requirements should provide information for census update.
Synthesis and characterization of thiourea
Authors: Dai Chuanbo , Zhang Hongyu , Li Ruiduan , Zou Haifeng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Herein, a simple and effective method for the preparation of thiourea using a nucleophilic substitution reaction is reported. Urea and Lawesson’s reagent were used as the raw materials to prepare thiourea via a one-step method involving the sulfuration reaction, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature, and mass ratio of the raw materials on the yield of thiourea were investigated.The most beneficial conditions used for the reaction were determined to be: Reaction time = 3.5 h, reaction temperature = 75°C, and mass ratio of urea to Lawesson’s reagent = 2:1. Under these optimal conditions, the average yield of thiourea over five replicate experiments was 62.37%. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the as-synthesized substance was thiourea. Our synthetic method has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions and simplicity.