bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiallodynic effect induced by [6]‐gingerol in neuropathic rats is mediated by activation of the serotoninergic system and the nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive K+ channel pathway
Authors: Mata‐Bermudez Alfonso , Izquierdo Teresa , de los Monteros‐Zuñiga Espinosa , Coen Arrigo , Godínez‐Chaparro Beatriz 
Published: September 2018

The present study evaluated the possible antiallodynic effect induced by [6]‐gingerol in rats with L5–L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Moreover, we determined the possible mechanism underlying the antiallodynic effect induced by [6]‐gingerol in neuropathic rats. The animals underwent L5–L6 SNL for the purpose of developing tactile allodynia. Tactile allodynia was measured with von Frey filaments. Intrathecal administration of [6]‐gingerol reversed SNL‐induced tactile allodynia. The [6]‐gingerol‐induced antiallodynic effect was prevented by the intrathecal administration of methiothepin (30 μg per rat; nonselective 5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT] antagonist), WAY‐100635 (6 μg per rat; selective 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist), SB‐224289 (5 μg per rat; selective 5‐HT1B receptor antagonist), BRL‐15572 (4 μg per rat; selective 5‐HT1D receptor antagonist), and SB‐659551 (6 μg per rat; selective 5‐HT5A receptor antagonist), but naloxone (50 μg per rat; nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) did not prevent the [6]‐gingerol‐induced antiallodynic effect. Moreover, intrathecal administration of Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (100 μg per rat; nonselective nitric oxide [NO] synthase inhibitor), 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (10 μg per rat; inhibitor of guanylate cyclase), and glibenclamide (50 μg per rat; channel blocker of adenosine triphosphate [ATP]‐sensitive K+ channels) prevented the [6]‐gingerol‐induced antiallodynic effect. These data suggest that the antiallodynic effect induced by [6]‐gingerol is mediated by the serotoninergic system involving the activation of 5‐HT1A/1B/1D/5A receptors, as well as the NO–cyclic guanosine monophosphate–ATP‐sensitive K+ channel pathway but not by the opioidergic system.
Identification of botanicals with potential therapeutic use against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections
Authors: Gerstel Johanne , Turner Tiffany , Ruiz Guillermo , Wise Justin , Stein Ashley , Jones Greg , Morin Tanya , Pinazza Tony , Sukhorukov Elena , Clark Donna , Steen Taelor , Wright Berlin , Langland Jeffrey 
Published: September 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen. Over‐ and improper‐use of pharmaceuticals against S. aureus has led to the development of antibiotic resistance, including methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study examined the efficacy of botanical extracts as an alternative form of treatment to S. aureus and MRSA, including penicillin/methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (PenR), and multidrug resistant S. aureus (MDR). Initial screening of botanicals was done via a minimum inhibitory concentration procedure. In addition, a temporal growth curve was performed in order to quantify the growth of the bacteria in the presence of the extracts. Results demonstrated 13 botanicals that had varying activities against S. aureus, PenR, and MDR. These botanicals were separated into mild, moderate, and highly efficacious based on the concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth. These results propose a comparison of botanical‐derived antimicrobial extracts that may be utilized against S. aureus and different antibiotic resistant strains of MRSA.
An analytical method for reliability analysis of hardware‐software co‐design system
Authors: Zeng Yanhao , Xing Liudong , Zhang Qun , Jia Xujie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHardware‐software co‐design systems abound in diverse modern application areas such as automobile control, telecommunications, big data processing, and cloud computing. Existing works on reliability modeling of the co‐design systems have mostly assumed that hardware and software subsystems behave independently of each other. However, these two subsystems may have significant interactions in practice. In this paper, an analytical approach based on paths and integrals is proposed to analyze reliability of nonrepairable hardware‐software co‐design systems considering interactions between hardware and software during the system performance degradation and failure process. The proposed approach is verified using the Markov‐based method. As demonstrated by case studies on systems without and with warm standby sparing, the proposed approach is applicable to arbitrary types of time‐to‐failure or degradation distributions. Effects of different transition and fault detection/recovery parameters on system performance are also investigated through examples.
Characterization of N‐methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine metabolites in rat liver S9 by high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zuo Meng‐Ting , Liu Sha‐Sha , Lin Li , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Bai Xia , Sun Zhi‐Liang , Liu Zhao‐Ying 
Published: September 2018

RationaleN‐Methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine are two types of isoquinoline alkaloids which are considered to be the main medicinally active constituents of the genus Papaveraceae. However, to date, no metabolism studies of N‐methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine have been reported. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro metabolism of these two alkaloids in rat liver S9.MethodsN‐Methylcanadine or N‐methylstylopine was incubated with rat liver S9 for 1 h, and then the incubation mixture was processed with 15% trichloroacetic acid. High‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF‐MS) as a reliable analytical method was used. The structural characterization of these metabolites was performed by the combination of the accurate MS/MS spectra and the known elemental composition.ResultsAs a result, a total of four metabolites of N‐methylcanadine and five metabolites of N‐methylstylopine in rat liver S9 were tentatively identified. The cleavage of the methylenedioxy group of the drugs was the main metabolic pathway of N‐methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine.ConclusionsThe present study is the first in vitro metabolic investigation of N‐methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine in rat liver S9 using a reliable HPLC/QqTOF‐MS method. The metabolic pathways of N‐methylcanadine and N‐methylstylopine are tentatively proposed. This work lays the foundation for the in vivo metabolism of the two compounds in animals.
Applying a Community Violence Framework to Understand the Impact of Immigration Enforcement Threat on Latino Children
Authors: Barajas‐Gonzalez R. Gabriela , Ayón Cecilia , Torres Franco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHeeding the call put out by the New England Journal of Medicine (2017), we utilize an ecological–transactional model as a conceptual framework for understanding existing literature and for guiding future research on immigration enforcement threat and Latino child development. Using the World Health Organization's definition of violence, we draw on literature from psychology, medicine, social work, and developmental psychology to outline how the anti‐immigrant climate in the United States and the threat of immigration enforcement practices in everyday spaces are experienced by some Latino children as psychological violence. Researchers, teachers, and practitioners are encouraged to be aware of how uncertainty and threat regarding familial safety adversely impacts the lives of Latino children in immigrant households, especially in charged, anti‐immigrant climates.
Reliability‐based optimum seismic design of RC frames by a metamodel and metaheuristics
Authors: Gholizadeh Saeed , Aligholizadeh Vahid 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe present study is devoted to reliability‐based optimum seismic design (RBOSD) of reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames within the context of performance‐based design. A chaotic enhanced colliding bodies optimization (CECBO) metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimization task. In the framework of CECBO, chaotic maps are employed to achieve randomness that results in better convergence rate in comparison with its standard version. For reliability assessment of structures during the optimization process, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed. In order to reduce the prohibitive computational burden of the MCS in the optimization setting, a metamodel is proposed to accurately evaluate the required deterministic and probabilistic structural seismic nonlinear responses. Efficiency of the proposed methodology for implementation of RBOSD process for RC frames is illustrated by presenting two numerical examples.
Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art
Authors: SriBala Gorugantu , Carstensen Hans‐Heinrich , Van Geem Kevin M. , Marin Guy B. 
Published: September 2018

Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be a promising thermochemical route for the production of drop‐in fuels and valuable chemicals. During the past decades, a comprehensive understanding of feedstock structure, fast pyrolysis kinetics, product distribution, and transport effects that govern the process has allowed to design better pyrolysis reactors and/or catalysts. A variety of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, like corn stover, pinewood, poplar, and model compounds like glucose, xylan, monolignols have been utilized to study the thermal decomposition at or close to fast pyrolysis conditions. Significant progress has been made in understanding the kinetics by developing unique setups such as drop‐tube, PHASR, and micropyrolyzer reactors in combination with the use of advanced analytical techniques such as comprehensive gas and liquid chromatography (GC, LC) with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS). This has led to initial intrinsic kinetic models for biomass and its main components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, validated using experimental setups where the effects of heat and mass transfer on the performance of the process, expressed using Biot and pyrolysis numbers, are adequately negligible. Yet, not all aspects of fast pyrolysis kinetics of biomass components are equally well understood. The use of time‐resolved or multiplexed experimental techniques can further improve our understanding of reaction intermediates and their corresponding kinetic mechanisms. The novel experimental data combined with first principles based multiscale models can reshape biomass pyrolysis models and transform biomass fast pyrolysis to a more selective and energy efficient process.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Hearing Children’s Experiences in Public
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
‘Hearing Children’s Experiences’ explores emergent concerns about understanding, accessing, and utilising children’s experiences and emotions to reshape child protection policy and practice. These concerns were foregrounded in the 1960s and 1970s, but developed significantly from the 1980s, fostered by a coalition of small children’s charities, psychologists, agony aunts, and popular authors. The chapter traces how constructs of childhood experience were used to further pre-existing adult agendas but also to make genuine efforts to enable specific groups of children to criticise existing statutory interventions. By contrasting the thinking about emotion and experience in two landmark public inquiries—around the death of Maria Colwell in 1973 and the Cleveland case of 1987—the chapter traces increased public policy interest in consulting with children over these decades.
Inculcating Child Expertise in Schools and Homes
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
‘Inculcating Child Expertise’ explores how small children’s charities sought to enter family homes and schools to make children themselves expert in child protection, providing education about bodily autonomy, self-expression, and confidence in the 1980s. In doing so, these charities reshaped and challenged relationships between parents and teachers and between adults and children, and presented a model whereby children both were, and had the potential to become, authoritative. The chapter explores the material and consumer products which became important in this moment—storybooks and films—and analyses how these objects looked to reflect, but also to reshape, complex visions of childhood experience, emotion, and expertise. Overall, this chapter argues that the 1980s was a distinctly liberationist moment for children, whereby child protection campaigners bypassed the moral politics of the ‘sex wars’.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) measured as skin autofluorescence: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Chen Jinluan , van der Duin Daniel , Campos-Obando Natalia , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Nijsten Tamar E. C. , Uitterlinden André G. , Zillikens Maria Carola 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues with aging and may influence age-related diseases. They can be estimated non-invasively by skin autofluorescence (SAF) using the AGE Reader™. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) may inhibit AGEs accumulation through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties but evidence in humans is scarce. The objective was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D3 and SAF in the population-based cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D3 and other covariates were measured at baseline. SAF was measured on average 11.5 years later. Known risk factors for AGE accumulation such as higher age, BMI, and coffee intake, male sex, smoking, diabetes, and decreased renal function were measured at baseline. Linear regression models were adopted to explore the association between 25(OH)D3 and SAF with adjustment for confounders. Interaction terms were tested to identify effect modification. The study was conducted in the general community. 2746 community-dwelling participants (age ≥ 45 years) from the Rotterdam Study were included. Serum 25(OH)D3 inversely associated with SAF and explained 1.5% of the variance (unstandardized B = − 0.002 (95% CI[− 0.003, − 0.002]), standardized β = − 0.125), independently of known risk factors and medication intake. The association was present in both diabetics (B = − 0.004 (95% CI[− 0.008, − 0.001]), β = − 0.192) and non-diabetics (B = − 0.002 (95% CI[− 0.003, − 0.002]), β = − 0.122), both sexes, both smokers and non-smokers and in each RS subcohort. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly and inversely associated with SAF measured prospectively, also after adjustment for known risk factors for high SAF and the number of medication used, but the causal chain is yet to be explored in future studies.Clinical Trial Registry (1) Netherlands National Trial Register: Trial ID: NTR6831 (http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6831). (2) WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: under shared catalogue number NTR6831 (www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/).
Heterotic affinity and combining ability of exotic maize inbred lines for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation
Authors: Meseka Silvestro , Williams W. Paul , Warburton Marilyn L. , Brown Robert L. , Augusto Joao , Ortega-Beltran Alejandro , Bandyopadhyay Ranajit , Menkir Abebe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAflatoxin accumulation in maize (Zea maysL.) kernels is a serious economic and health problem that reduces grain quality and nutritional values and causes death to livestock and humans. Understanding the genetic parameters and heterotic responses of exotic maize inbred lines can facilitate their use for developing aflatoxin resistant parents of hybrids in Africa. This study was designed to (1) determine the heterotic affinities of aflatoxin resistant exotic lines, (2) identify exotic inbreds with good combining ability, and (3) determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin contamination in these lines. A line × tester mating design was used to determine combining ability of 12 yellow and 13 white inbreds and classify them into heterotic groups. The inbreds were crossed to two adapted testers representing two African heterotic groups and the resulting testcrosses along with hybrid checks were evaluated in separate trials at two locations for 2 years in Nigeria. General combining ability (GCA) effects were more important than specific combining ability effects for aflatoxin and grain yield. Among 15 exotic inbred lines having negative GCA effects for aflatoxin and 13 with positive GCA effects for grain yield, six combined the two desired traits. Five white and six yellow endosperm testcrosses were found to be good specific combiners for the two desired traits. The exotic lines with negative GCA effects for aflatoxin accumulation will be used as donor parents to develop backcross populations for generating new inbred lines with much higher levels of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation.
The turbulent age of innovation
Authors: von Schomberg Lucien , Blok Vincent 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe concept of innovation has entered a turbulent age. On the one hand, it is uncritically understood as ‘technological innovation’ and ‘commercialized innovation.’ On the other hand, ongoing research under the heading responsible research and innovation (RRI) suggests that current global issues require innovation to go beyond its usual intent of generating commercial value. However, little thought goes into what innovation means conceptually. Although there is a focus on enablingoutcomesof innovation processes to become more responsible and desirable, the technological and commercial nature of these processes is rarely questioned. For these reasons, this paper poses the following research question:what concept of innovation is implicitly taken up by the RRI discourse and what implications does this concept have for the societal purpose of RRI?As a first step, we analyze the extent to which the concept of innovation in the RRI literature is uncritically presupposed to be technological. Subsequently, we examine the diverse meanings innovation has had over time and argue that while innovation originally had a political connotation it is only recently restricted to the meaning of technological innovation. We go on to show that even though the concept of technological innovation can contribute to the societal purpose of RRI, this requires certain conditions that are difficult to guarantee. Consequentially, we argue that future research should explore alternative understandings of innovation that better enable the overall feasibility of the emerging frameworks of RRI.
HCCDB: A Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Expression Atlas
Authors: Lian Qiuyu , Wang Shicheng , Zhang Guchao , Wang Dongfang , Luo Guijuan , Tang Jing , Chen Lei , Gu Jin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly heterogeneous in nature and has been one of the most common cancer types worldwide. To ensure repeatability of identified gene expression patterns and comprehensively annotate the transcriptomes of HCC, we carefully curated 15 public HCC expression datasets that cover around 4000 clinical samples and developed the database HCCDB to serve as a one-stop online resource for exploring HCC gene expression with user-friendly interfaces. The global differential gene expression landscape of HCC was established by analyzing the consistently differentially expressed genes across multiple datasets. Moreover, a 4D metric was proposed to fully characterize the expression pattern of each gene by integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of gene expression patterns in HCC, HCCDB also provides links to third-party databases on drug, proteomics, and literatures, and graphically displays the results from computational analyses, including differential expression analysis, tissue-specific and tumor-specific expression analysis, survival analysis, and co-expression analysis. HCCDB is freely accessible at http://lifeome.net/database/hccdb.
The Influence of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Pain, Quality of Life, and Depression in Patients Receiving Physical Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hajihasani Abdolhamid , Rouhani Mitra , Salavati Mahyar , Hedayati Rosita , Kahlaee Amir H. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of adding the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) component to routine physical therapy (PT) on pain and depression reduction, improvement in quality of life, and enhanced function in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).TypeSystematic review.Literature SurveyGoogle Scholar, PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases were explored for the key terms of “behavioral (or behavioural) treatment” OR “behavior (behaviour) treatment” OR “behavior (behaviour) therapy” OR “cognitive behavior (or behaviour) treatment” OR “cognitive treatment” OR “cognitive therapy” OR “operant behavior (or behaviour) treatment” OR “respondent behavior (or behaviour) treatment” AND “physical therapy” OR “physiotherapy” OR “exercise therapy” OR “electrotherapy” OR “electrical therapy” OR “manual therapy” OR “myofascial therapy” OR “rehabilitation” AND “low back pain” OR “lower back pain” OR “back pain” OR “chronic back pain” OR “chronic lower back pain”, with no limitation on language, through January 2018.MethodologyAll randomized controlled trials that statistically compared the effectiveness of CBT + PT and PT were included for quality analysis. Studies were rated by high to poor quality, using Hailey's classification, based on their design and performance.SynthesisOf the 10 included studies, 7 were rated as high quality and 3 as good quality. Although CBT + PT was found to be superior to PT for pain, disability, quality of life, and functional capacity variables in some of the included studies, no extra benefit from CBT was documented in other investigations. The included studies also failed to show any advantage of CBT + PT over PT in reducing depression, and PT was even found to be superior to CBT + PT in one high‐quality study.ConclusionsAlthough appearing to be advantageous by reducing pain and disability and enhancing functional capacity and quality of life, CBT effects on depression cannot be teased out from the effects of PT.Level of EvidenceI