bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Texture Filtering Architecture for GPU Application Using Reconfigurable Computing
Authors: Naik Dessai Sanket Suresh 
Published: April 2019

Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) have become an integral part of today’s mainstream computing systems. They are also being used as reprogrammable General Purpose GPUs (GP-GPUs) to perform complex scientific computations. Reconfigurability is an attractive approach to embedded systems allowing hardware level modification. Hence, there is a high demand for GPU designs based on reconfigurable hardware. The texture filter unit is designed to process geometric data like vertices and convert these into pixels on the screen. This process involves number of operations, like circle and cube generation, rotator, and scaling. The texture filter unit is designed with all necessary hardware to deal with all the different filtering operations. The designed texture filtering units are modelled in Verilog on Altera Quartus II and simulated using ModelSim tools. The functionality of the modelled blocks is verified using test inputs in the simulator.Circle and cube coordinates are generated for circle and cube generation. The work can form the basis for designing a complete reconfigurable GPU.
Decision Based Median Filter algorithm using Resource Optimized FPGA to Extract Impulse Noise
Authors: Kulkarni Rutuja Nandkumar , Bhaskar Pradip C 
Published: April 2019

Median filter is a non-linear filter used in image processing for impulse noise removal. It finds its typical application in the situations where edges are to be preserved for higher level operations like segmentation, object recognition etc. This paper presents an accurate and efficient noise detection and filtering algorithm for impulse noise removal. The algorithm includes two stages: noise detection followed by noise filtering. The proposed algorithm replaces the noisy pixel by using median value when other pixel values, 0’s or 255’s are present in the selected window and when all the pixel values are 0’s and 255’s then the noise pixel is replaced by mean value of all the elements present in the selected window. Similarly algorithm checks for five different conditions to preserve image details, object boundary in high level of noise densities. This median filter was designed, simulated and synthesized on the Xilinx family of FPGAs (XC3S500E of Spartan-3E). The VHDL was used to design the above 2-D median filter using ISE (Xilinx) tool &amp; tested &amp; compared for different grayscale images.
NIOS II Based Secure Test Wrapper Design for Testing Cryptographic Algorithms
Authors: Kannan Chakrapani 
Published: April 2019

<p>Cryptographic algorithms need infrastructure for testing them against security attacks. Normally many methods are proposed for testing these cryptographic primitives. Normal designs cannot be applied to all types of cryptographic chips. Usually build in self test is applied for the intellectual property chips for testing them. But it suffers from many problems such as side channel attack, backholes, high area overhead, etc.., to overcome all these drawbacks test wrapper is designed and tested using NIOS II economy soft core processor. NIOS II is utilized as the soft core processor and cryptographic algorithms are executed. RTL view of these cryptographic circuits is described. Synthesis result shows the chip planner view of the circuits and the area required for the logic elements. NIOS II soft-core processors perform well for testing the cryptographic algorithms. Results with respects to area optimization, memory and speed are discussed. The logic components required for design using NIOS II is optimized. Memory required is also less compare to other processors. Area required is optimized using NIOS II processor and it is flexible for design of complex circuits.</p>
Using Surgeon Hand Motions to Predict Surgical Maneuvers
Authors: Azari David P. , Hu Yu Hen , Miller Brady L. , Le Brian V. , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study explores how common machine learning techniques can predict surgical maneuvers from a continuous video record of surgical benchtop simulations. Background: Automatic computer vision recognition of surgical maneuvers (suturing, tying, and transition) could expedite video review and objective assessment of surgeries. Method: We recorded hand movements of 37 clinicians performing simple and running subcuticular suturing benchtop simulations, and applied three machine learning techniques (decision trees, random forests, and hidden Markov models) to classify surgical maneuvers every 2 s (60 frames) of video. Results: Random forest predictions of surgical video correctly classified 74% of all video segments into suturing, tying, and transition states for a randomly selected test set. Hidden Markov model adjustments improved the random forest predictions to 79% for simple interrupted suturing on a subset of randomly selected participants. Conclusion: Random forest predictions aided by hidden Markov modeling provided the best prediction of surgical maneuvers. Training of models across all users improved prediction accuracy by 10% compared with a random selection of participants. Application: Marker-less video hand tracking can predict surgical maneuvers from a continuous video record with similar accuracy as robot-assisted surgical platforms, and may enable more efficient video review of surgical procedures for training and coaching.
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Staging with a Novel Nominal Basis: An 18‐Year Study in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Elmokadem Ali , El‐sisi Hossam , El‐Kholy Noha Ahmed , Zaki Hesham , Kamal Elsharawy , Khafagy Yasser , Tawfik Ali , Eldawoody Hany , Hwang Peter , Rakha Abdelwahab 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo develop a systematic method for anatomic mapping of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) tumors to standardize communication, facilitate surgical planning, and convey prognosis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of radiologic and angiographic data of patients with JNA presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mansoura University, from 2001 to 2017. All patients underwent angiography with embolization and had >1‐year follow‐up. Based on frequently involved anatomic sites and factors predictive of prognosis, the NSF‐COR staging system (nose/nasopharynx, sinus, fossa‐cranium, orbit, residual internal carotid artery supply) was developed to explicitly convey anatomic site of involvement and presence of residual vascularity. We validated the NSF‐COR staging system against other systems with Pearson chi‐square test based on risk factors and clinical outcomes of blood transfusion volume, recurrence, and JNA resectability.ResultsFifty‐four patients met inclusion criteria, where all primary cases (100%) demonstrated nose/nasopharynx involvement, followed by sinus (85.2%), natural fossae (85.2%), intracranial (26%), and orbital involvement (16.7%). These sites, with assessment of residual internal carotid artery vascular supply, were used to develop the NSF‐COR anatomically based staging system. The components COR showed significant association with clinical outcomes of blood transfusion and recurrence. Contingency coefficients between the NSF‐COR staging system and available staging systems showed significant correlations (P <. 05) for prognosis.ConclusionThe NSF‐COR staging system conveys a communicable anatomic map of JNA tumors that integrates residual vascularity of the tumor and demonstrates strong concordance with current staging systems to assess clinical outcomes.
Rethinking Malignancy Risk in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules with Positive Molecular Studies: Southern California Permanente Experience
Authors: Cohen David S. , Tongson‐Ignacio Jane E. , Lolachi Christopher M. , Ghaderi Vanessa S. , Jahan‐Parwar Babak , Thompson Lester D. R. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo recognize that thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS; Bethesda III) have different risks of malignancy based on genetic mutation and to consider molecular testing of nodules with AUS/FLUS to help avoid unnecessary morbidity or cost.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMultiple locations within Southern California Permanente Medical Group.Subjects and MethodsPatients included those with indeterminate thyroid nodules and AUS/FLUS on 2 separate fine‐needle aspirations with positive ThyGenX testing from 2014 to 2017 who underwent thyroid surgery. Patients were classified as having benign or malignant disease. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features was considered benign.ResultsA total of 231 patients had repeat AUS/FLUS with positive molecular testing and surgery. The most frequent type of malignancy was papillary carcinoma, followed by follicular carcinoma. The overall prevalence of malignancy in nodules with mutations was 74.0%, although there was considerable variation: BRAF = 100%, RET = 100%, PAX8‐PPARγ = 84.6%, HRAS = 70.7%, NRAS = 63.4%, and KRAS = 33%—a statistically significant finding (P <. 001).ConclusionsNot all molecular mutations in thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS have a high risk of malignancy. Of note, patients with BRAF and RET mutations in our population had a 100% risk of malignancy. Patients with PAX, HRAS, or NRAS mutations had a high risk of malignancy, while patients with KRAS mutations had a lower risk of malignancy. Further studies are needed to determine if the presence of certain molecular mutations can help personalize care and aid in the decision for thyroid surgery.
Feasibility of Intensive Ecological Sampling of Tinnitus in Intervention Research
Authors: Gerull Katherine M. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Marilyn L. , Rodebaugh Thomas L. , Lenze Eric J. , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo assess whether adults with bothersome tinnitus will complete multiple ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day, including those during a therapeutic intervention trial. EMA is defined as repeated sampling of subjects’ current behaviors and experiences in real time.Study DesignTwelve‐week longitudinal cohort study conducted from August 28, 2017, to December 14, 2017.SettingOnline only.SubjectsThirty adults with self‐reported bothersome nonpulsatile tinnitus of >6 months’ duration.MethodsParticipants completed 2 weeks of EMA text surveys 7 times per day (preintervention), followed by 8 weeks of EMA questions 4 times per day (during intervention), concluding with 2 weeks of EMA questions 7 times per day (postintervention) for a total of 420 surveys over 12 weeks. During the 8‐week intervention period, participants used a commercially available auditory‐intensive online cognitive brain training program for 20 minutes per day, 5 times per week (total, 800 minutes). The primary outcome measures were compliance with EMA surveys, as measured by survey response rates, and participant‐reported effects of EMA on their tinnitus bother.ResultsOf the 30 participants in this study (20 women and 10 men; median age, 54 years [range, 47‐64 years]), 25 participants completed the study protocol (83%). Participants completed a median 87% of EMA surveys (range, 67%‐99%). Qualitative analysis of free‐text responses found that participants did not report negative side effects of the EMA.ConclusionExcellent participant compliance can be achieved with multiweek temporally rigorous EMA sampling. EMA sampling can successfully be conducted during an intervention. EMA is a promising sampling methodology in tinnitus research.
End‐of‐Life Costs and Hospice Utilization in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chen Michelle M. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Divi Vasu 
Published: April 2019

The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative has several metrics related to end‐of life (EOL) care, including hospice enrollment ≤3 days, with lower scores signaling better performance. Of privately insured patients with head and neck cancer, 3.5% were enrolled in hospice prior to death and 21.3% spent ≤3 days in hospice, indicating aggressive EOL care. Patients with late hospice enrollment had higher spending in the last 30 days of life (DOL). Patients in hospice ≤3 days spent $37,426, while those in hospice >3 days spent $24,418 (P =. 002). The largest portion of this difference was attributable to inpatient services. Patients in hospice ≤3 days spent $22,089 on inpatient services in the last 30 DOL, while those in hospice >3 days spent $8361 (P <. 001). Further research is needed to determine if more high‐value care can be provided with earlier hospice enrollment and to ensure that goal concordance is included in defining high‐value care.
Horizontal Instability of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aliberti Gianna M. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Trojan Jeffrey D. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are common and should be suspected in patients who have shoulder pain in the region of the acromion and clavicle. Injuries to the AC ligament can cause horizontal instability and are often neglected or underdiagnosed, which can lead to poor patient outcomes. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of horizontal instability of the AC joint. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: The authors performed a systematic review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies that investigated diagnosis, treatment, and failure of operative management of acute and chronic AC separations. Studies that did not specifically evaluate AC joint injuries, were not written in English, or were specific only to vertical instability of the AC joint were excluded. Results: Overall, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in this systematic review. Diagnosing horizontal AC instability is difficult using plain radiographs; dynamic views were shown in some cases to better detect horizontal instability than with static views. More than 60 procedures for treating AC joint injuries have been published, but many focus on vertical rather than horizontal instability. Modifications to current surgical procedures to incorporate reconstruction of the horizontal component showed improved patient outcomes. Such modifications included additional AC joint suture cord cerclage, combined AC and coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction, and the Twin Tail TightRope triple button technique. Failure after surgical stabilization of AC joint separation has been reported to occur in 15% to 80% of cases. Conclusion: No consensus is available regarding the best practices for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of acute or chronic horizontal instability of the AC joint. Moreover, horizontal instability injuries are often neglected or poorly understood, making diagnosis difficult, which may lead to high complication rates and failure after surgical stabilization.
Maternal Dairy Consumption and Hematochezia in Exclusively Breastfed Infants
Authors: Lazare Farrah B. , Brand Donald A. , Fazzari Melissa J. , Noor Asif , Daum Fredric 
Published: April 2019

Background: When an exclusively breastfed infant develops hematochezia, the pediatrician may recommend elimination of dairy and soy products from a mother’s diet, but there is limited scientific evidence to indicate that altering the maternal diet will lead to resolution of the problem. Research aim: To estimate the likelihood that maternal dairy and soy avoidance will resolve rectal bleeding in an exclusively breastfed infant. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, one-group pre/post study involving mothers of exclusively breastfed infants at least 2 weeks but less than 6 months of age with a positive stool guaiac test in the absence of an intestinal lesion or other explanation for the blood. Participants agreed to follow a dairy and soy elimination/rechallenge protocol, maintain a food diary, and have their infant re-tested at 3-week intervals to determine the outcome of the dietary changes. One participant was lost to follow-up, leaving a final sample size of N = 19. Results: All infants continued to test positive for blood in the stool after their mothers eliminated foods containing dairy or soy. Therefore, 0% (0/19) of infants responded to their mother’s restricted diet, 95% confidence interval (one-sided [0%, 15%]). Conclusion: Given these results, we must call into question the rationale for advising breastfeeding mothers to eliminate dairy and soy from their diet in response to their infant’s unexplained rectal bleeding.
Evaluation of the Effect of a Tracheal Stent on Radiation Dose Distribution via Micro-CT Imaging
Authors: Lin Tao , Ni Xinye , Gao Liugang , Sui Jianfeng , Xie Kai , Chang Shuquan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To study the effect of a metal tracheal stent on radiation dose distribution. Method: A metal tube bracket is placed in a self-made foam tube sleeve, and micro-computed tomography scanning is performed directly. The foam sleeve containing the metal bracket is placed in a nonuniform phantom for a routine computed tomography scan. The stents in conventional computed tomography images are replaced by the stents in micro-computed tomography images. Subsequently, 2 sets of computed tomography images are obtained and then imported to a radiotherapy treatment planning system. A single photon beam at 0° is designed in a field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, a photon beam of 6 MV, and a monitor unit of 200 MU. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to calculate the dose distribution and obtain the dose curve of the central axis of the field. The dose is verified with thermoluminescence dose tablets. Results: The micro-computed tomography images of the tracheal stent are clearer and less false-like than its conventional computed tomography images. The planned dose curves of the 2 groups are similar. In comparison with the images without any stents in place, the doses at the incident surface of the stent in the conventional computed tomography images and at the stent exit surface in the rear of the stent increase by 1.86% and 2.76%, respectively. In the micro-computed tomography images, the doses at the incident surface of the stent and at the exit surface behind the stent increase by 1.32% and 1.19%, respectively. Conventional computed tomography reveals a large deviation between the measured and calculated values. Conclusion: Tracheal stent based on micro-computed tomography imaging has a less effect on radiotherapy calculation than that based on conventional computed tomography imaging.
Patient Experiences With Integrated Pain Care: A Qualitative Evaluation of One VA’s Biopsychosocial Approach to Chronic Pain Treatment and Opioid Safety
Authors: Purcell Natalie , Zamora Kara , Gibson Carolyn , Tighe Jennifer , Chang Jamie , Grasso Joseph , Seal Karen H 
Published: April 2019

Background Mounting concern about the risks and limited effectiveness of opioid therapy for chronic pain has spurred the implementation of novel integrated biopsychosocial pain care models in health-care systems like the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). However, little is known about patient experiences with these new care models. Objective We conducted a qualitative study to examine patient experiences with a pain care model currently being disseminated at the VA: interdisciplinary, integrated pain teams (IPTs) embedded in primary care. Method We interviewed 41 veterans who received care from VA’s first IPT to learn how working with the team impacted their pain care and quality of life. We asked about their overall experience with IPT, what worked and did not work for them, and what changes they would recommend to improve IPT care. Results The interviews revealed a wide spectrum of patient experiences and varying perspectives on the extent to which the new model improved their pain and quality of life. Thematic analysis shed light on factors impacting patients’ experiences, including pretreatment goals and expectations as well as attitudes toward opioids and nonpharmacological treatments. Conclusion We discuss the implications of our findings for national efforts to implement biopsychosocial pain care, and we offer recommendations to promote patient-centered implementation.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Clinical Practice Patterns: A Survey of the PRiSM Society
Authors: Greenberg Elliot M. , Greenberg Eric T. , Albaugh Jeffrey , Storey Eileen , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) requires extensive postoperative rehabilitation. Although no ideal rehabilitation procedure exists, most experts recommend a fusion of time and strength and functional measures to guide decision making for activity progression during rehabilitation. This process is often directed by surgeon protocols; however, the adoption of contemporary rehabilitation recommendations among surgeons is unknown. Purpose: To understand the current landscape of surgeon practice as it relates to ACLR rehabilitation recommendations in adolescent athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An online survey was distributed among members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society in January 2017. The survey was designed to identify clinical practice patterns during 3 key transitional points of rehabilitation after ACLR: progression to jogging, modified sports activity, and unrestricted return to sports. Results: Responses from 60 orthopaedic surgeons were analyzed. While 80% of surgeons agreed upon initiating jogging within a 1-month range (3-4 months postoperatively), similar levels of agreement were only captured when including a wider 4-month (4-8 months) and 6-month range (6-12 months) for modified sports activity and unrestricted return to sports, respectively. All respondents (100%) reported using knee strength as a determinant to progress to modified sports activity; however, the mode of testing varied, with most using manual muscle testing (60%), followed by isokinetic (28%) or isometric (12%) testing. Most surgeons (68%) reported using some form of functional testing to return to modified sports activity, but the mode of testing and required progression criteria varied considerably among all reported testing procedures. The use of patient-reported outcome measures was limited to 20% of the sample, and no respondents reported using fear or self-efficacy questionnaires. Upon completion of rehabilitation, 73% recommended injury prevention programs, and 50% recommended the use of a functional ACL brace. Conclusion: Rehabilitation progression practices in adolescent athletes are variable and become more inconsistent as the time from surgery increases. While the majority of the sample considered strength and functional testing important, the mode of testing and criteria thresholds for activity advancement varied considerably.