bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Overall Survival Benefit for Patients with T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma after Nephron-Sparing Surgery Depends on Gender and Age
Authors: Liek Elisabeth , Elsebach Klaus , Göbel Hubert , Krah Xaver , Krautschick-Wilkens Andreas W. , Schweiger Josef , Steiner Gabriel , Steiner Thomas , Wunderlich Heiko 
Published: March 2018

Due to the recommendations in the urological guidelines to perform nephron-sparing surgery in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the customary therapy regimen changed, but it is not well studied yet whether partial nephrectomy (PN) especially in the elderly is beneficial. From 2000 to 2015, 3,592 patients from 7 clinics undergoing surgery in RCC were identified; 2,323 had T1 tumours. We retrospectively compared the overall survival benefit of patients with T1 RCC who underwent either PN or radical nephrectomy (RN) and studied effects of age and gender. Results: In T1 RCC, PN was beneficial in male patients (p = 0.0006) independent of age, especially in those men ≤75 years of age (p = 0.0005); but PN was not beneficial for female patients (p = 0.0629) regardless of age and male patients older than 75 years (p = 0.736). The OS of female patients after RN and male patients after PN is the same, regardless of age. A life expectancy of more than 45 months at least is necessary to experience an overall survival benefit after PN. Conclusions: There should be harder proven indications for PN in female patients and especially in all patients older than 75 years, particularly with regard to perioperative risk factors.
Correction for Delay and Dispersion Results in More Accurate Cerebral Blood Flow Ischemic Core Measurement in Acute Stroke
Authors: Lin Longting , Bivard Andrew , Kleinig Timothy , Spratt Neil J. , Levi Christopher R. , Yang Qing , Parsons Mark W. 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to assess how the ischemic core measured by perfusion computed tomography (CTP) was affected by the delay and dispersion effect.

Methods—

Ischemic stroke patients having CTP performed within 6 hours of onset were included. The CTP data were processed twice, generating standard cerebral blood flow (sCBF) and delay- and dispersion-corrected CBF (ddCBF), respectively. Ischemic core measured by the sCBF and ddCBF was then compared at the relative threshold <30% of normal tissue. Two references for ischemic core were used: acute diffusion-weighted imaging or 24-hour diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with complete recanalization. Difference of core volume between CTP and diffusion-weighted imaging was estimated by Mann–Whitney
U
test and limits of agreement. Patients were also classified into favorable and unfavorable CTP patterns. The imaging pattern classification by sCBF and ddCBF was compared by the χ
2
test; their respective ability to predict good clinical outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score) was tested in logistic regression.

Results—

Fifty-five patients were included in this study. Median sCBF ischemic core volume was 38.5 mL (12.4–61.9 mL), much larger than the median core volume of 17.2 mL measured by ddCBF (interquartile range, 5.5–38.8;
P
<0.001). Moreover, compared with sCBF <30%, ddCBF <30% measured the ischemic core much closer to diffusion-weighted imaging core references, with the mean volume difference of −0.1 mL (95% limits of agreement, −25.4 to 25.2;
P
=0.97) and 16.7 mL (95% limits of agreement, −21.7 to 55.2;
P
<0.001), respectively. Imaging patterns defined by sCBF showed a difference to that defined by ddCBF (
P
<0.001), with 12 patients classified as favorable imaging patterns by ddCBF but as unfavorable by sCBF. The favorable imaging pattern classified by ddCBF, compared with sCBF classification, had higher predictive power for good clinical outcome (odds ratio, 7.8 [2–30.5] and 3.1 [0.9–11], respectively).

Conclusions—
Delay and dispersion correction increases the accuracy of ischemic core measurement on CTP.
Ideas of Subjective Well-Being in Democratic and Nondemocratic Societies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zagrebina Anna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBeing socially determined constructs, concepts of subjective well-being (swb) affect the motivation behind people’s behavior in every society. Usually, subjective well-being is measured using the survey questions about life satisfaction. Using multilevel modeling with individual and cross-national data from the World Values Survey on 65 countries for the 2005-2014 periods, this research confirms that life satisfaction determinants which constitute pivotal elements of subjective well-being differ significantly in democratic and nondemocratic social contexts. The effect of marital relations, participation in sports organizations and church attendance on life satisfaction is stronger in democratic social contexts than in nondemocratic ones. While the effect of income, educational level, participation in non-sports organizations and religiosity is stronger in a nondemocratic social context. These results contribute to a non-institutional measure of modern democracy, dispel some myths about modern democratic and nondemocratic values, and show the potency and applicability of a sociological approach in the field ofswbstudies.
Israel’s Foreign Investment Protection Regime in View of Developments in Its Energy Sector
Authors: Reich Arie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article discusses Israel’s BITs regime and policy and analyzes its central features. It argues that time has come to use BITs as a tool to attract FDI to the country, in particular to the energy sector. It shows that until now, Israel has concluded BITs mainly as a means to protect Israeli investors in developing and transition countries. The article argues that this policy needs to change to keep up with current trends in International Investment Law and on the background of the important developments over the last few years in Israel’s energy sector. It describes the long saga of the regulatory changes in relation to the natural gas sector, ever since the discovery of huge offshore gas fields, including the Supreme Court’s rulings on the changes of the tax regime and on the stabilization clause, and analyses its impact on the investment climate based on original data.
One Window into the State of Insiders’ Arbitration Scholarship
Authors: Garth Bryant G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This book, dedicated to Charles N. Brower, a prominent international arbitrator, provides a window into the field of international commercial arbitration. It is a depiction and embodiment of the state of what can be called ‘insiders’ international arbitration. It purports to be about ‘practicing virtue,’ providing keys to the actual work of international arbitrators as depicted by an important segment of them. But the scholarship of arbitrators performs multiple functions, including self-promotion, criticism of competitors from outside, unification of the field, and bolstering the legitimacy of the field, among others. The book is therefore not only about the practice of virtue as this community sees it. It is also about ‘dealing in virtue’ – seeking to maintain the market for precisely what this group has to offer.
Effect of Visualization Training on Uncertain Spatial Trajectory Predictions
Authors: Pugh Ashley J. , Wickens Christopher D. , Herdener Nathan , Clegg Benjamin A. , Smith C. A. P. 
Published: March 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to explore the ways in which visualizations influence the prediction of uncertain spatial trajectories (e.g., the unknown path of a downed aircraft or future path of a hurricane) and participant overconfidence in such prediction. Background: Previous research indicated that spatial predictions of uncertain trajectories are challenging and are often associated with overconfidence. Introducing a visualization aid during training may improve the understanding of uncertainty and reduce overconfidence. Method: Two experiments asked participants to predict the location of various trajectories at a future time. Mean and variance estimates were compared for participants who were provided with a visualization and those who were not. Results: In Experiment 1, participants exhibited less error in mean estimations when a linear visualization was present but performed worse than controls once the visualization was removed. Similar results were shown in Experiment 2, with a nonlinear visualization. However, in both experiments, participants who were provided with a visualization did not retain any advantage in their variance estimations once the visualization was removed. Conclusions: Visualizations may support spatial predictions under uncertainty, but they are associated with benefits and costs for the underlying knowledge being developed. Application: Visualizations have the potential to influence how people make spatial predictions in the presence of uncertainty. Properly designed and implemented visualizations may help mitigate the cognitive biases related to such predictions.
Short-Term Temporal Clustering of Police-Reported Violent Offending and Victimization
Authors: Aaltonen Mikko , Kivivuori Janne , Kuitunen Laura 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To examine short-term associations between offending and victimization using daily data on criminal offenses. We also examine the within-individual association between several types of offenses and victimization and see whether incidents closer together in time are more likely reflect revenge motives. Method: We use total data on all victims ( n = 88,106) and offenders ( n = 60,584) in police-reported assaults in Finland during 2007–2009 to examine temporal clustering of the two outcomes. Monthly panel data ( n = 4,886) on offending and victimization are analyzed with fixed-effects regression models, while revenge motives are derived from detailed case descriptions ( n = 299). Results: The risk of violent victimization is higher in months following criminal offending. Although the offending rates directly before and after victimization are low on absolute terms, we find that these rates are higher around the time of victimization. Violent offenses closer to victimization incidents are more likely to include the same parties in opposite roles. Conclusions: Criminal offending increases the risk of victimization in a state-dependent matter. Closer analysis of situational and motivational dynamics of victimization and offending requires temporally detailed data, as a substantial share of the victim–offender overlap is explained by incidents that take place on the same day, complicating the analysis of the temporal sequence of those events.
Rediscovering connections between animal welfare and human welfare: Creating social work internships at a humane society
Authors: Hoy-Gerlach Janet , Delgado Martha , Sloane Heather , Arkow Phil 
Published: March 2018

Summary Within a narrative of how two distinct graduate social work internship placements at a humane society were structured and implemented, we address: (1) historic and contemporary rationales for social work roles in humane society settings, (2) development of social work field placements in a humane society, and (3) specific social work learning opportunities afforded. Findings The first petition for removal of a child due to abuse in the United States occurred in 1874 through efforts of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals director. While child protection services have evolved since then, numerous aspects of human–animal interaction are relevant to social work: social support roles of animals, connections between violence toward animals and violence toward humans, therapeutic benefits of animals, companion animal loss, and compassion fatigue among animal shelter and veterinary staff. Encompassing such HAI aspects, we describe the development of two distinct internship placements at a humane society. One placement entailed a twofold focus on: reduction of staff compassion fatigue and development of an Emotional Support Animal placement program (the Hope and Recovery Pet Program); the other placement focused on aspects of the connection between violence toward animals and violence toward people. Applications Aspects of these social work placements can be modified and replicated in humane societies and related settings. Increased awareness of the potential relevance of human–animal interaction across social work practice settings allows for explicit identification of/response to clients’ human–animal interaction-related strengths and concerns, ultimately supporting the well-being of both humans and animals.
Weekend effect in acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Al-Dokheal Mohammed , Aldaham Sami , Rushton Claire , Butler Rob , Kinnaird Tim , Zaman Azfar , Zaman M Justin , Timmis Adam , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: March 2018

Background: The effect of a weekend compared with a weekday hospital admission on patient outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome is unclear. This study aims to determine whether collectively there is a weekend effect in acute coronary syndrome. Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies examining the association between weekend compared to weekday admission at any time of the day and early mortality (in-hospital or 30-day). A search was performed on Medline and Embase and relevant studies were pooled using random effects meta-analysis for risk of early mortality. Additional analyses were performed considering only more recent studies (conducted after 2005) and by patient group (ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] or non-STEMI [NSTEMI]), as well as meta-regression according to starting year and mean year of study. Results: A total of 18 studies were included with over 14 million participants incorporating 3 million weekend and over 11.5 million weekday admissions and the rates of mortality were 19.2% and 23.4%, respectively. The pooled results of all 18 studies suggest that weekend admission was associated with a small increased risk of early mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.09). The results for subgroups of STEMI and NSTEMI cohorts were not statistically significant and timing of admission after 2005 had minimal influence on the results (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95–1.17). Conclusions: There is a small weekend effect for admission with acute coronary syndrome that has persisted over time.
Lower Leg Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Patients 50 Years of Age and Older
Authors: de Bruijn Johan A. , van Zantvoort Aniek P.M. , Winkes Michiel B. , van der Cruijsen-Raaijmakers Marike , Hoogeveen Adwin R. , Teijink Joep A.W. , Scheltinga Marc R.M. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Lower leg chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is usually diagnosed in young and athletic individuals. The presence of CECS in older patients has received little attention in the literature, and patient characteristics are unknown. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of CECS in older patients (≥50 years) and to assess whether older patients with CECS differ clinically from younger patients with CECS. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All individuals with exercise-induced lower leg pain who visited a referral center for CECS between January 2001 and December 2013 were eligible for analysis. Patients were included if history, physical examination, and dynamic intracompartmental pressure measurement indicated CECS. Characteristics of patients 50 years of age or older were compared with characteristics of patients younger than 50. Results: A total of 698 patients with CECS were included: 98 patients were aged 50 years or older and 600 patients were younger than 50 years. Older individuals more often reported a history of lower leg events or comorbidities (≥50 years, 45% vs <50 years, 25%; P < .01) and unilateral symptoms (≥50 years, 45% vs <50 years, 22%; P < .01). Most older patients (62%) did not participate in sport or only walked or hiked, whereas the same was true of only 7% of the younger population. Pain (≥50 years, 94%; <50 years, 96%) and tightness (≥50 years, 57%; <50 years, 62%) were the predominant symptoms of CECS in both groups. Type of CECS differed significantly ( P < .01); the anterior muscle compartment was involved more frequently in older patients (≥50 years, 82% vs <50 years, 59%) and deep flexor muscle CECS was more often diagnosed in younger patients (≥50 years, 26% vs <50 years, 53%). Conclusion: In the present population, 1 in 7 patients diagnosed with lower leg CECS was 50 years of age or older. These individuals were less active and had more comorbidities than patients younger than 50 years. Older individuals predominantly have anterior CECS. Clinicians should consider CECS in older individuals with exercise-induced lower leg pain, particularly if it is unilateral.
The Usefulness of Photodynamic Eye for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Patients with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Furukawa Naoto , Oi Hidekazu , Yoshida Shozo , Shigetomi Hiroshi , Kanayama Seiji , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

Aims and background We studied the potential use of sentinel lymph node identification using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging technique in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods and study design Directly before the start of the operation, 0.2 ml of 5 mg/ml indocyanine green was prepared and injected into 4 sites in the cervix using a 26-gauge standard needle, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock positions. When the operation was advanced to the pelvis, near-infrared fluorescence imaging was performed using photodynamic eye (Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Japan). The sentinel lymph nodes and other dissected lymph nodes were histologically examined to find any metastases. Results Twelve patients were examined. Their ages ranged from 36 to 68 years (median, 58). Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 10 patients (83%), and all were bi-laterally identified. The median maximum tumor diameter of dissected cervical tumors was 35 mm (22–65); histology was squamous cell carcinoma in 8 patients and adenocarcinoma in 2 patients. Capillary lymphatic space involvement was found in 8 of the 10 patients. The site of the sentinel lymph node was the right external iliac node in 8 patients, the right obturator node in 8, the left external iliac node in 9, and the left obturator node in 8. Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 of the 12 patients, and all were sentinel lymph nodes. No metastasis from lymph nodes other than sentinel lymph nodes was observed. Conclusions Photodynamic eye achieved a detection rate similar to that obtained with the blue dye and radioisotope method. It is also easier to use than the other two methods. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
Optimizing therapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Lim Sean H. , Johnson Peter W. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma has evolved continuously since the introduction of extended-field radiotherapy in the 1960s to involved-field and then involved-node radiotherapy, multiagent chemotherapy, combined chemoradiotherapy, risk-adapted and response-adapted modulation, and, most recently, introduction of antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. These changes have translated into progressively increasing cure rates, so that 10-year survival figures now exceed 80%, compared with <50% 40 years ago. The challenge now is how to improve upon success while maintaining, or if possible improving, the quality of life for survivors. Steering between undertreatment, with the risk of avoidable recurrences, and overtreatment, with the risk of unnecessary toxicity, remains complex because control of the lymphoma and the probability of survival are no longer closely linked. This requires trials with long follow-up and continuous reappraisal of the interaction between the illness; the method used to define risk, and the type of treatment involved. One important factor in this is age: outcomes in older patients have not improved at the same rate as those in the population under 60 years of age, reflecting the need for different approaches. Recently, treatment has moved from being primarily risk-based, using baseline characteristics such as anatomical stage and severity of the illness, to a more dynamic approach that takes account of the response to therapy, using functional imaging to make an early appraisal, with the option to modulate subsequent treatment. The results of several trials indicate that this has advantages, but a combination of risk- and response-adaptation is probably ideal.
Isolated choanal and gut atresias: pathogenetic role of serine protease inhibitor type 2 (SPINT2) gene mutations unlikely
Authors: Niederwanger Christian , Lechner Silvia , König Lisa , Janecke Andreas R. , Pototschnig Claus , Häussler Beatrice , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Müller Thomas , Heinz-Erian Peter 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Choanal (CA) and gastrointestinal atresias (GA) are an important feature of syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (sCSD), a disorder recently associated with mutations in the gene for serine protease inhibitor type 2 (SPINT2). It is, however, not known whether isolated non-syndromic CA and GA themselves might result from SPINT2 mutations.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study to investigate 19 CA and/or GA patients without diarrhea (“non-sCSD”) for potential sCSD characteristic clinical features and SPINT2 mutations.

Results
We found a heterozygous SPINT2 splice mutation (c.593-1G>A), previously demonstrated in sCSD in homozygous form, in only 1 of the 19 patients of the “non-sCSD” cohort. This patient presented with isolated anal atresia and borderline low laboratory parameters of sodium balance. In the remaining 18 non-sCSD CA/GA patients investigated, SPINT2 sequence analysis and clinical markers of sodium homeostasis were normal. None of the 188 healthy controls tested in a regional Tyrolean population harbored the c.593-1G>A mutation, which is also not listed in the ExAc and gnomAD databases.

Conclusions
The finding of only one heterozygous SPINT2 mutation in 19 patients with isolated CA/GA was not statistically significant. Therefore, SPINT2 mutations are an unlikely cause of non-sCSD atresia.
Trial registration ISRCTN73824458. Retrospectively registered 28 September 2014