bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical, geochemical, and age characteristics of the rocks of the Inagli dunite–clinopyroxenite–shonkinite massif with platinum–chromite and Cr-diopside mineralization (Aldan Shield)
Authors: Okrugin A.V. , Borisenko A.S. , Zhuravlev A.I. , Travin A.V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We consider the mineralogical and geochemical features of the rocks of the Inagli dunite–clinopyroxenite–shonkinite massif with platinum–chromite and unique jewelry Cr-diopside mineralization, which is a reference object of concentric zonal complexes. The massif rocks, from dunites to pulaskites, including peridotites, clinopyroxenites, shonkinites, and melanocratic alkali syenites, form a single continuous comagmatic series. This is confirmed by a clear dependence of the compositions of olivine, pyroxene, phlogopites, and Cr-spinels on the MgO content of the rocks and on the behavior of trace elements in them. The similar compositions of pyroxenes and trace-element patterns of clinopyroxenite rocks and Cr-diopsidite veins indicate a genetic similarity of these rocks. The age and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the rocks and the geologic and morphological features of the intrusion prove that the Inagli massif formed from high-K picritoid melts, which underwent gradual decompression solidification during the ascent and formed a cylindrical diapir-like body at the subsurface level in the Early Cretaceous. The new portions of differentiates supplied from the lower horizons of the magma column determined the complex composition of the massif: It has a concentric zonal structure cut by numerous radial-circular vein bodies of pegmatites and pure anchimonomineral rocks (Cr-diopsidites), in places, of jewelry quality.
Cr-spinel assemblage from the Upper Triassic gritstones of the northeastern Siberian Platform
Authors: Nikolenko E.I. , Logvinova A.M. , Izokh A.E. , Afanas’ev V.P. , Oleynikov O.B. , Biller A.Ya. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An assemblage of Cr-spinels widespread in Carnian (Upper Triassic) diamondiferous deposits in the northeastern Siberian Platform is studied. Analysis of their morphology and chemical composition has revealed two dominant varieties of Cr-spinels and has demonstrated certain regularities in their distribution in the study area. Correlations have been established between the areal distribution of the recognized types of Cr-spinels and diamond varieties typical of kimberlite sources and between the distribution of Cr-spinels and rounded diamond dodecahedrons. The phase and chemical compositions of polyphase inclusions in the Cr-spinels are studied. The spatial arrangement of inclusions along the crystal growth zones indicates their primary genesis and trapping from the melt during crystallization. Compositional features of some minerals in the inclusions—SiO2 impurity in apatite and high CaO contents (0.2–0.8 wt.%) in olivines—point to a nonkimberlite source of these Cr-spinels. The presence of K- and Na-containing phases and calcite in the inclusions indicates saturation of the initial melt with alkalies, Ca, and CO2. The data obtained suggest that the numerous Late Vendian diatremes in K-rich alkaline basites of the Olenek Uplift area are the source of the dominant Cr-spinel variety.
GPR-based novel approach for non-linear aerodynamic modelling from flight data
Authors: Kumar A. , Ghosh A. K. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based novel method is proposed for non-linear aerodynamic modelling of the aircraft using flight data. This data-driven regression approach uses the kernel-based probabilistic model to predict the non-linearity. The efficacy of this method is examined and validated by estimating force and moment coefficients using research aircraft flight data. Estimated coefficients of aerodynamic force and moment using GPR method are compared with the estimated coefficients using maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Estimated coefficients from the GPR method are statistically analysed and found to be at par with estimated coefficients from MLE, which is popularly used as a conventional method. GPR approach does not require to solve the complex equations of motion. GPR further can be directed for the generalised applications in the area of aeroelasticity, load estimation, and optimisation.
Enhancement of disturbance wave amplification due to the intrinsic three-dimensionalisation of laminar separation bubbles
Authors: Rodríguez D. , Gennaro E. M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPrevious studies demonstrated that laminar separation bubbles (LSBs) in the absence of external disturbances or forcing are intrinsically unstable with respect to a three-dimensional instability of centrifugal nature. This instability produces topological modifications of the recirculation region with the introduction of streamwise vorticity in an otherwise purely two-dimensional time-averaged flows. Concurrently, the existence of spanwise inhomogeneities in LSBs have been reported in experiments in which the amplification of convective instability waves dominates the physics. The co-existence of the two instability mechanisms is investigated herein by means of three-dimensional parabolised stability equations. The spanwise waviness of the LSB on account of the primary instability is found to modify the amplification of incoming disturbance waves in the linear regime, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the amplitude growth and a three-dimensional arrangement of the disturbance waves in the aft portion of the bubble. Present findings suggest that the oblique transition scenario should be expected in LSBs dominated by the convective instability, unless high-amplitude disturbances are imposed.
Domestic Investment Statutes In International Law
Authors: Hepburn Jarrod 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlongside now-controversial investment treaties, many states also maintain domestic investment statutes. Although these laws offer protections similar to investment treaties and are increasingly applied in investor-state arbitration, they have—unlike the treaties—attracted limited scholarly scrutiny. This article argues that investment statutes can plausibly be characterized either as unilateral acts in international law or as domestic law. The article examines the significant consequences that follow from these characterizations, providing the first comprehensive analysis of these hybrid statutes.
Expressions duratives postverbales en chinois mandarin à l'interface syntactico-sémantique
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Qiu Yiqin , Hu Xiaoshi 
Published: October 2018

RésuméL'expression durative postverbale en chinois mandarin a été traitée dans quatre approches différentes dans la littérature, à savoir l'approche de complément, l'approche de prédicat, la cooccurrence des structures de complément et de prédicat et l'approche d'adjoint. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse combinatoire par adjoint et par prédicat en tenant compte des facteurs à la fois syntaxiques et sémantiques non seulement de l'expression durative postverbale, mais aussi des verbes et des objets auxquels les duratifs peuvent s'attacher. Nous avons pour objectif de montrer que ce sont ces facteurs conjoints qui permettent de déterminer la distribution en surface et la position syntaxique de l'expression durative postverbale en chinois mandarin.
NET NUTRITION AND THE TRANSITION FROM 19TH CENTURY BOUND TO FREE-LABOR: ASSESSING DIETARY CHANGE WITH DIFFERENCES-IN-DECOMPOSITIONS
Authors: Carson Scott Alan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Average stature reflects cumulative net nutrition and health during economic development. This study introduces a difference-in-decompositions approach to show that although 19th century African-American cumulative net nutrition was comparable to working class whites, it was made worse-off with the transition to free-labor. Average stature reflects net nutrition over the life-course, and adult blacks born under bound-labor had greater age related statures loss than blacks under free-labor. Agricultural worker's net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations and was better-off under free-labor and industrialization. Within-group stature variation was greater than across-group variation, and white within-group stature variation associated with socioeconomic status was greater than African-Americans.
Lattice dissections: plainer and less fancy
Authors: Matsko Vincent J. 
Published: October 2018

The title of this Article pays homage to Greg Frederickson's widelyknown book on geometrical dissections, Dissections: Plane & Fancy [1]. I enjoyed the book so much, I built an honours geometry course around it − a terminal mathematics course for honours students needing a mathematics credit for their general education requirements. Not only is there significant geometry involved, but there is a fair amount of number theory relevant to finding infinite families of dissections of, for example, m squares to n squares.However, although many dissections from one regular polygon to another are quite elegant, the mathematics involved in specifying the dissections is often formidable.
The British Academy Brian Barry Prize Essay Justifying Public Funding for Science
Authors: Pamuk Zeynep 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPublic funding for science is increasingly coming under attack. This article explores the normative force of these charges, and the arguments that are available to counter them. It examines two justifications of state support for science: Vannevar Bush’s vision of the universal material benefits of scientists pursuing basic research and John Rawls’s liberal justification of science funding as a voluntary public good. It argues that both accounts neglect the important political impact of scientific research and its status as the source of knowledge for the modern state. The article then traces the implications of the political role of science for the appropriate forms of democratic input into funding decisions.
The acquisition of English possessives by a bilingual child: Do input and usage frequency matter?
Authors: BABATSOULI Elena , NICOLADIS Elena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious research in child language shows that many aspects of language acquisition are frequency-linked. This study tests whether input or usage frequency predicts the order of acquisition and accuracy of a bilingual Greek–English child's English possessives. The child was followed longitudinally from age 2;6 to 3;11. Order of acquisition was comparable to that of same-aged monolingual children. The child's usage frequency and order of acquisition were highly correlated with input frequency, while her accuracy was not. We argue that the child's already-acquired Greek possessives facilitated acquisition of English possessives, even though the child's English input and usage frequencies were lower than in monolingual English children.
The development of the cortisol response to dyadic stressors in Black and White infants
Authors: Dismukes Andrew , Shirtcliff Elizabeth , Jones Christopher W. , Zeanah Charles , Theall Katherine , Drury Stacy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcute reactivity of the stress hormone cortisol is reflective of early adversity and stress exposure, with some studies finding that the impact of adversity on the stress response differs by race. The objectives of the current study were to characterize cortisol reactivity to two dyadically based stress paradigms across the first year of life, to examine cortisol reactivity within Black and White infants, and to assess the impact of correlates of racial inequity including socioeconomic status, experiences of discrimination, and urban life stressors, as well as the buffering by racial socialization on cortisol patterns. Salivary cortisol reactivity was assessed at 4 months of age during the Still Face paradigm (N = 207) and at 12 months of age across the Strange Situation procedure (N = 129). Infants demonstrated the steepest recovery after the Still Face paradigm and steepest reactivity to the Strange Situation procedure. Race differences in cortisol were not present at 4 months but emerged at 12 months of age, with Black infants having higher cortisol. Experiences of discrimination contributed to cortisol differences within Black infants, suggesting that racial discrimination is already “under the skin” by 1 year of age. These findings suggest that race-related differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity are present in infancy, and that the first year of life is a crucial time period during which interventions and prevention efforts for maternal–infant dyads are most likely able to shape hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity thereby mitigating health disparities early across the life course.
Prophylactic pacemaker placement at first signs of conduction disease in Kearns–Sayre syndrome
Authors: Trivedi Mira , Goldstein Amy , Arora Gaurav 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCardiac conduction disease affects patients with Kearns–Sayre syndrome. We report a young asymptomatic patient with Kearns–Sayre syndrome with abnormal conduction on electrocardiogram and Holter monitor, although not advanced atrioventricular block. She underwent prophylactic pacemaker placement, and rapidly developed complete atrioventricular block, which resulted in 100% ventricular pacing. It may be reasonable to consider prophylactic pacemaker implantation in patients with Kearns–Sayre syndrome with evidence of cardiac conduction disease even without overt atrioventricular block given its unpredictable progression to complete atrioventricular block.
An Event on Simultaneous Amplification of Exohiss and Chorus Waves Associated With Electron Density Enhancements
Authors: Zhu Hui , Shprits Yuri Y. , Chen Lunjin , Liu Xu , Kellerman Adam C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhistler mode exohiss are the structureless hiss waves observed outside the plasmapause with featured equatorward Poynting flux. An event of the amplification of exohiss as well as chorus waves was recorded by Van Allen Probes during the recovery phase of a weak geomagnetic storm. Amplitudes of both types of the waves showed a significant increase at the regions of electron density enhancements. It is found that the electrons resonant with exohiss and chorus showed moderate pitch angle anisotropies. The ratio of the number of electrons resonating with exohiss to total electron number presented in‐phase correlation with density variations, which suggests that exohiss can be amplified due to electron density enhancement in terms of cyclotron instability. The calculation of linear growth rates further supports above conclusion. We suggest that exohiss waves have potential to become more significant due to the background plasma fluctuation.
A Hybrid ETAS‐Coulomb Approach to Forecast Spatiotemporal Aftershock Rates
Authors: Reverso T. , Steacy S. , Marsan D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAftershock sequences are an ideal testing ground for operational earthquake forecasting models as they contain relatively large numbers of earthquakes clustered in time and space. To date, most successful forecast models have been statistical, building on empirical observations of aftershock decay with time and earthquake size frequency distributions. Another approach is to include Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock which influence the spatial location of the aftershocks although these models have generally not performed as well as the statistical ones. Here we develop a new hybrid Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS)/Coulomb model which attempts to overcome the limitations of its predecessors by redistributing forecast rate from negatively to positively stressed regions based on observations in the model learning period of the percentage of events occurring in those positively stressed regions. We test this model against the 1992 Landers aftershock sequence using three different ETAS kernels and five different models for slip in the Landers earthquake. We also consider two variations of rate redistribution, one based on a fixed value and the other variable depending on the percentage of aftershocks observed in positively stressed Coulomb regions during the learning period. We find that the latter model performs at least as well as ETAS on its own in all tests and better than ETAS in 14 of 15 tests in which we forecast successive 24‐hr periods. Our results suggest that including Coulomb stress changes can improve operational earthquake forecasting models.
A Variational Approach to Data Assimilation in the Solar Wind
Authors: Lang Matthew , Owens Mathew J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVariational data assimilation (DA) has enabled huge improvements in the skill of operational weather forecasting. In this study, we use a simple solar‐wind propagation model to develop the first solar‐wind variational DA scheme. This scheme enables solar‐wind observations far from the Sun, such as at 1 AU, to update and improve the inner‐boundary conditions of the solar wind model (at 30 solar radii). In this way, observational information can be used to improve estimates of the near‐Earth solar wind, even when the observations are not directly downstream of the Earth. Using controlled experiments with synthetic observations, we demonstrate this method's potential to improve solar wind forecasts, though the best results are achieved in conjunction with accurate initial estimates of the solar wind. The variational DA scheme is also applied to Solar‐Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) in situ observations using initial solar wind conditions supplied by a coronal model of the observed photospheric magnetic field. We consider the period October 2010 to October 2011, when the STEREO spacecraft were approximately 80∘ ahead/behind Earth in its orbit. For 12 of 13 Carrington Rotations, assimilation of STEREO data improves the near‐Earth solar wind estimate over the nonassimilated state, with a 18.4% reduction in the root mean square error. The largest gains are made by the DA during times when the steady‐state assumption of the coronal models breaks down. While applying this pure variational approach to complex solar‐wind models is technically challenging, we discuss hybrid DA approaches which are simpler to implement and may retain many of the advantages demonstrated here.
Space Weather Events, Hurricanes, and Earthquakes in Mexico in September 2017
Authors: Gonzalez‐Esparza J. A. , Sergeeva M. A. , Corona‐Romero P. , Mejia‐Ambriz J. C. , Gonzalez L. X. , De la Luz V. , Aguilar‐Rodriguez E. , Rodriguez M. , Romero‐Hernández E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the interval of 4–10 September 2017, the Sun presented multiple solar flares from active region AR 2673. There were also coronal mass ejections that interacted with the Earth's magnetosphere. This solar activity produced several space weather events. These events were observed with ground‐based instruments of the Mexican Space Weather Service. The Mexican Array RadioTelescope detected highly perturbed solar transits associated with Type I radio emissions from active regions. The Compact Astronomical Low‐frequency, Low‐cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories‐Mexican Array RadioTelescope station detected several radio bursts including a Type III associated with the X8.2 flare on 10 September. The magnetometer detected variations reaching a regional K index of 8.3 during the geomagnetic storm. The ionosphere over Mexico was disturbed by different space weather phenomena with the dominant effects of the geomagnetic storm. We used total electron content data to study latitudinal and longitudinal ionospheric effects in this interval. The cosmic rays monitor detected a Forbush decrease associated also with the geomagnetic storm. This low‐latitude instrumental network in Mexico allowed estimating the regional response to space weather events. Coincidentally with the space weather events referred above, there were also two other types of natural hazards affecting the country at that moment, the hurricane Katia category 2 in the Gulf of Mexico, and two major earthquakes (7 and 19 September 2018). The conjunction of these natural phenomena were close to creating a worst‐case scenario in terms of civil protection reaction.
Clinical Features Associated with Survival Outcome in African-American Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Estevez Jacqueline , Yang Ju Dong , Leong Jennifer , Nguyen Pauline , Giama Nasra H. , Zhang Ning , Ali Hamdi A. , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Cheung Ramsey , Roberts Lewis , Schwartz Myron , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
African-Americans (AA) have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lower survival. We characterized survival rates and clinical features associated with survival in AA vs. Caucasians with HCC over the past two decades.

METHODS:
HCC patients from three US medical centers were matched by year of diagnosis (1991–2016): AA (n = 578)/Caucasian (n = 578) and placed in one of two groups—HCC diagnosed prior to 2010 or 2010 and after. Data were obtained from chart review and the National Death Index. Multivariate and survival analysis controlling for key predictors were conducted.

RESULTS:
Prior to 2010, there was no difference in survival between Caucasians and AA (p = 0.61). After 2010, AA patients had poorer survival compared to Caucasians (35% vs. 44%, respectively, p = 0.044). Over time, survival improved for Caucasians (32% before 2010 vs. 44% after 2010, p = 0.003), but not AA (36% vs. 35%, p = 0.50). AA on presentation (in the after 2010 cohort) were more likely to have BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) stage C (24% vs. 15%, p = 0.010) and less likely to receive treatment (85% vs. 93%, p = 0.002) compared to matched Caucasians. BCLC beyond stage A (aHR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26–2.43, p = 0.001) and child’s class C (aHR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.23–3.41, p = 0.006) were the strongest predictors of mortality, while race was not.

CONCLUSIONS:
African-Americans presented with more advanced HCC and had poorer survival compared to Caucasians after 2010. Tumor stage was an independent predictor of mortality, but ethnicity was not. Further efforts are needed to improve early HCC diagnosis for AA.
Safety and Tolerability of Accelerated Infliximab Infusions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ma Danning , Wong Wendy , Aviado Jeremie , Rodriguez Cesar , Wu Helen 
Published: October 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Infliximab for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is FDA-approved to be administered 2 h or more. We adopted a new protocol to infuse infliximab over 1 h and in this study, we aimed to determine the safety of a 1-h infusion.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort included adult IBD patients who received infliximab between June and December 2017 and compared reaction rates of 1-h maintenance infusions to that of 2-h maintenance infusions.

RESULTS:
A total of 551 infusions were administered to 179 patients. The infusion groups demonstrated no significant differences in reaction rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Infliximab infusion over 1 h is well-tolerated.