bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Age of the Old Metal-poor Globular Cluster NGC 6397 Using WFC3/IR Photometry*
Authors: Correnti Matteo , Gennaro Mario , Kalirai Jason S. , Cohen Roger E. , Brown Thomas M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way represent the ideal laboratory to establish the age of the oldest stellar populations and to measure the color–magnitude relation of stars. Infrared (IR) photometry of these objects provides a new opportunity to accomplish this task. In particular, at low stellar masses, the stellar main sequence (MS) in an IR color–magnitude diagram (CMD) exhibits a sharp “kink” (due to opacity effects in M dwarfs), such that lower mass and cooler dwarfs become bluer in the F110W − F160W color baseline and not redder. This inversion of the color–magnitude relation offers the possibility to fit GC properties using IR imaging, and to reduce their uncertainties. Here, we used the IR channel of the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain new, deep high-resolution photometry of the old metal-poor GC NGC 6397. From the analysis of the GC CMD, we revealed below the MS “kink” the presence of two MSs with different chemical compositions. We derived the cluster fiducial line and we compared it with a grid of isochrones over a large range of parameter space, allowing age, metallicity, distance, and reddening to vary freely within reasonable selected ranges. We derived an age of 12.6 Gyr with a random uncertainty σ ∼ 0.7 Gyr. These results confirm that the analysis of the IR color–magnitude of stars provide a valuable tool to measure the GC ages and offers a new venue to determine their absolute age to sub-Gyr accuracy with next generation IR telescopes.
Black Hole–Galaxy Scaling Relationships for Active Galactic Nuclei with Reverberation Masses
Authors: Bentz Misty C. , Manne-Nicholas Emily 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We have utilized high-resolution optical Hubble Space Telescope images and deep, ground-based near-infrared images to examine the host galaxies of 37 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with reverberation-based black hole masses. Using two-dimensional image decompositions, we have separated the host galaxy from the bright central AGN, allowing a re-examination of the

and

relationships and the

and

relationships using

color to constrain the stellar mass-to-light ratio. We find clear correlations for all of these scaling relationships, and the best-fit correlations are generally in good agreement with the sample of early-type galaxies with M
BH from dynamical modeling and the sample of megamasers. We also find good agreement with the expectations from the Illustris simulations, although the agreement with other simulations is less clear because of the different black hole mass ranges that are probed.

is found to have the least scatter, and is therefore the best predictor of M
BH among the relationships examined here. Large photometric surveys that rely on automated analysis and forego bulge-to-disk decompositions will achieve more accurate M
BH predictions if they rely on

rather than

. Finally, we have examined M
BH/M
stars and find a clear trend with black hole mass but not galaxy mass. This trend is also exhibited by galaxies with M
BH from dynamical modeling and megamaser galaxies, as well as simulated galaxies from Illustris, rising from ∼0.01% at 106
M
⊙ to ∼1.0% at 1010
M
⊙. This scaling should be taken into account when comparing galaxy samples that are not matched in M
BH.
An Unusual Energetic Particle Flux Enhancement Associated with Solar Wind Magnetic Island Dynamics
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Khabarova O. , Du S. , Chen Y. , Adhikari L. , Hu Q. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The possibility that charged particles are accelerated statistically in a “sea” of small-scale interacting magnetic flux ropes in the supersonic solar wind is gaining credence. In this Letter, we extend the Zank et al. statistical transport theory for a nearly isotopic particle distribution by including an escape term corresponding to particle loss from a finite acceleration region. Steady-state 1D solutions for both the accelerated particle velocity distribution function and differential intensity are derived. We show Ulysses observations of an energetic particle flux enhancement event downstream of a shock near 5 au that is inconsistent with the predictions of classical diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) but may be explained by local acceleration associated with magnetic islands. An automated Grad-Shafranov reconstruction approach is employed to identify small-scale magnetic flux ropes behind the shock. For the first time, the observed energetic particle “time-intensity” profile and spectra are quantitatively compared with theoretical predictions. The results show that stochastic acceleration by interacting magnetic islands accounts successfully for the observed (i) peaking of particle intensities behind the shock instead of at the shock front as standard DSA predicts; (ii) increase in the particle flux amplification factor with increasing particle energy; (ii) increase in distance between the particle intensity peak and the shock front with increasing energy; and (iv) hardening of particle power-law spectra with increasing distance downstream of the shock.
Imiter Cléomède : légitimation de l’encyclopédiste et transmission des savoirs dans La Solitude de Sorel
Authors: Sguaitamatti Marie-Florence 
Published: September 2018

La Solitude et l’Amour philosophique de Cléomède (1640) de Charles Sorel relate l’initiation du héros à l’amour philosophique pour engager le lecteur à la recherche des sciences et de la sagesse. En même temps, le texte explique la vocation de l’auteur de La Science universelle , légitimant ainsi son projet encyclopédique. La présente étude se propose d’analyser la manière dont Sorel se sert des lieux du discours sur l’admiration dans sa réflexion sur l’attitude nécessaire à la recherche individuelle et collective de la science et à sa transmission. L’admiration – passion dont le rapport avec le savoir est ambigu – permet à l’auteur de réunir dans un discours cohérent les aspects contradictoires de cette réflexion épistémologique et sociale.
Données de santé : les nouveaux outils numériques de collecte et d’exploitation des données renouvellent les problématiques du consentement du patient et de la relation de soins
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

États généraux de la bioéthique (rapport de synthèse du Comité consultatif national d’éthique) : sixième billet*Lors des États généraux, les citoyens se sont révélés conscients des potentialités qu’offrent les outils numériques en matière de santé tout en se montrant vigilants sur les revers possibles ainsi que les risques liés à l’usage des données qu’ils permettront de recueillir. Collectées dans le cadre du soin mais également au gré de l’utilisation de plus en plus fréquente d’objets connectés, les données de santé sont tout à la fois source de progrès et de dangers. Elles ont déjà permis d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances médicales et de découvrir des traitements innovants, notamment du fait de la possibilité d’exploiter numériquement une masse considérable de données. Mais elles emportent également des risques, ne serait-ce qu’en raison de l’attractivité qu’elles représentent pour les activités marchandes.
Usage of Online Resources by the Undergraduates Attached to the Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka
Authors: Lavanya J. , Santharooban S. 
Published: September 2018

The online resources have emerged as one of the primary sources of information for teaching learning activity and research. Although the present era is mainly depending on online, all the students do not have adequate knowledge and skills necessary to exploit those resources. Hence it is essential for library professionals to analyses the online usage pattern of students before commencing awareness programmes. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the usage of online resources among the undergraduates of Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data among randomly selected 154 students. The study revealed that most of the students accesses Internet through smart phones for different educational purposes. Among them, purposes such as preparation for lecture and doing literature review are associated with academic year (p<0.05). Even though significant positive perception towards online resources (p<0.05) is observed, students are mostly unaware of both open access and university subscribed online resources, while they rely primarily on Google search. The factorial analysis revealed there are three latent constructs in the students’ perceptions such as “Usefulness of online resources”, “Awareness of online resources and the satisfaction of facilities” and “Challenges with online resources”. The study also revealed the barriers to access online resources namely, slow Internet connectivity, unavailability of time, lack of awareness and viruses and other malware pop-ups. It is recommended that well-planned information literacy programme should be introduced for all students regardless of their academic year in order to access information in an effective way.
The influence of dimensions of organisational culture on supply chain performance in selected state-owned enterprises in Zimbabwe
Authors: Musanzikwa Michael , Ramchander Manduth 
Published: September 2018

Background: Despite being strategic, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have failed to fulfil their mandate. Supply chain performance is ineffective largely because of weak organisational culture.Objectives: To explore the extent to which organisational cultural factors have influenced the supply chain performance of SOEs, review the literature; effectiveness of attaining financial targets, customer satisfaction, internal business processes, learning and growth; time orientation on the supply chain metric of delivery. The supply chain metric of flexibility; profitability on cost reduction; ‘no ownership’ culture on decision-making; and the level of customer satisfaction.Method: A mixed-method was used. The population comprised managers, employees and clients of eight selected SOEs. Judgmental, random and convenience sampling were employed. Questionnaires and interviews were the research instruments and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Findings are presented thematically, in line with the research questions.Results: SOEs were not meeting financial targets, not satisfying customers, poor internal business processes not attaining learning and growth targets. Organisational cultural variables were weak; affecting flexibility, no timely delivery of goods and services. Also influenced the behaviour of human resources and an indirect effect on customer satisfaction, cost-saving and profitability in the SOEs.Conclusion: The SOEs failed to meet financial, customer, learning and growth targets. The internal business processes were not effective. The culture did not promote efficiency. The study recommends that commitment of leadership on human behaviour is necessary for effective supply chain performance and strategy implementation. Constant environmental scanning, strategic alliances, rationalisation of remuneration and sound corporate governance are essential.
Molyneux problem
Authors: Glenney Brian 
Published: September 2018

The Molyneux problem asks whether a newly sighted person might immediately identify shapes previously known only to touch, like cubes and spheres, by sight alone. Over three centuries ago, the designer, William Molyneux, a Fellow of the Royal Society living in Ireland, conveyed the problem in a series of letters to John Locke. Locke soon published the problem and Molyneux’s own ‘not’ answer, in the second edition of his famous work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Molyneux reasoned that the newly sighted person would fail for having no way to know that the newly seen shapes were like the felt shapes; the feel of the cube corner would not at all be like the look of the cube corner. Many philosophers have agreed with Molyneux’s ‘not’, arguing either that each sense produces concepts unique to it or that new sensory experiences, like those of newly sighted people, are too primitive for identifying three-dimensional shapes. Additionally, early experiments on subjects who have had cataracts surgically removed seem to confirm Molyneux’s supposition, as the newly sighted do not immediately identify shapes known to them by touch.
More recent empirical experiments on cataract surgery subjects, newborns, and with technological innovations like sensory substitution devices, suggest support for a ‘yes’ answer to the question, inspiring philosophical and psychological accounts of perception that explain how the newly sighted might succeed in recognizing three-dimensional spatial features by sight.
Judgment and belief, in early modern philosophy
Authors: Marušić Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

What is the difference between simply thinking about something and judging or believing that something is the case?
One finds a remarkable range of answers to this question in the early modern period. A traditional approach to judgment has its origins in Aristotle and treats judgment as closely related to predication. Judging, on this view, is a matter of affirming or denying something of something else. Affirming and denying, in turn, are different forms of predication: affirming whiteness of snow results in the judgment that snow is white; denying whiteness of snow results in the judgment that snow is not white.
Descartes rejects this approach and instead treats judgment as an act of will. He holds that the intellect or understanding presents us with a complete content for judgment, and then the will, in a separate act, assents or dissents to this content.
Spinoza rejects both the Aristotelian and Cartesian views by holding, against the Aristotelian view, that every idea has propositional content and also, against the Cartesian view, that every idea is an affirmation. Spinoza claims that judgment or affirmation just consists in the causal influence that an idea has on us, and he holds that all ideas have some influence. Thus, Spinoza holds the radical view that all ideas are judgments.
Finally, Hume also rejects both the Aristotelian and Cartesian views. Against the Aristotelians, he denies that what is judged or believed must always be a proposition with a subject–predicate structure. Against the Cartesians, he denies that belief is in any way subject to the will. Finally, against Spinoza he insists that there are some ideas that are merely conceived and not believed or judged. Hume holds that beliefs differ from ideas that are not believed in a way that makes beliefs more like perceptual experiences.
Intuitions, philosophical appeals to
Authors: Pust Joel 
Published: September 2018

Intuitions are, according to many philosophers, treated as a primary source of evidence in much distinctively philosophical inquiry. While some contest this claim, if it is true, then the intellectual respectability of such inquiry depends on whether intuitions are properly suited to serve as evidence.
Almost all agree that intuitions are mental states with propositional content. Some philosophers take intuitions to be beliefs of some kind. Others reject the claim that intuitions are beliefs. They hold that intuitions are occurrent conscious mental states with a distinctive subjective character.
Critics of the use of intuitions as evidence maintain that intuitions are an improper foundation for belief, alleging that they are unverifiable, unreliable, or scientifically unacceptable. Defenders of the use of intuitions maintain that intuitions are, while different from the perceptual states that serve as the basis of empirical inquiry, nonetheless justifiably treated as a foundation for philosophical inquiry.
Butler, Judith (1956–)
Authors: Murphy Ann 
Published: September 2018

Judith Butler (1956–) is an American philosopher working in feminist and queer theory, psychoanalysis and continental philosophy. She is known for her work on gender, sexuality, power, vulnerability and identity. Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Butler attended Bennington College and did her graduate work in philosophy at Yale University, receiving her PhD in 1984. She has held teaching positions at Wesleyan University, George Washington University and Johns Hopkins University, and since 1993 has taught at the University of California at Berkeley.
Butler engages a wide range of themes across her work, including but not limited to sexed and gendered embodiment, performativity, psychic and political subjection, public assembly, war, violence, dispossession and vulnerability. Despite the impressive breadth and range of her writings, Butler’s corpus evidences a sustained interest in various kinds of susceptibility, vulnerability, exposure and dispossession that constitute the human subject both ethically and ontologically. Dispossession operates for Butler in several registers: the political, the ethical, the personal, the intersubjective, the social and the symbolic. She writes on the vulnerability of sexed and gendered minorities to both physical and psychic violence, the failures of recognition and misrecognition that render certain groups disproportionately available to harm, the vulnerability of the nation-state and the illusory nature of sovereignty, the vulnerability of all subjects to myriad forms of normative violence, and the precarious access to basic human needs endured by certain populations. Butler also explores the idea that gender itself operates as a mode of dispossession.
Linguistic turn
Authors: Glock Hans-Johann , Kalhat Javier 
Published: September 2018

The term ‘the linguistic turn’ refers to a radical reconception of the nature of philosophy and its methods, according to which philosophy is neither an empirical science nor a supraempirical enquiry into the essential features of reality; instead, it is an a priori conceptual discipline which aims to elucidate the complex interrelationships among philosophically relevant concepts, as embodied in established linguistic usage, and by doing so dispel conceptual confusions and solve philosophical problems.
The linguistic turn originated with Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921). In the 1920s and early 1930s, the logical positivists deepened the turn through their outright rejection of metaphysics; in line with their scientific outlook, they also sought to merge it with ‘ideal language philosophy’. The linguistic turn was developed in a different direction by the later Wittgenstein and ‘ordinary language philosophers’ after him. While no less hostile to metaphysics than the positivists, they rejected the suggestion that philosophical problems can be solved by reforming rather than clarifying our existing language. Linguistic philosophy began to wane from the mid-1970s onwards, largely as a result of the rise of naturalism in the United States. In recent years, however, there has been a rehabilitation of conceptual analysis and thereby of a type of linguistic philosophy. The term ‘the linguistic turn’ was coined by Gustav Bergmann, a one-time member of the Vienna Circle, and was later used by Richard Rorty as the title for an influential anthology of essays on ‘the most recent philosophical revolution’.
Supervenience
Authors: Jago Mark 
Published: September 2018

Supervenience is a concept developed by philosophers to capture a way in which certain facts, events or properties rely or depend on others in a noncausal way. It is one way to capture the notion that certain phenomena seem to emerge from, or are determined by, others.
Consider an example. The movement of one snooker ball depends on the way it is hit, either by the cue or by another ball. This is the familiar causal notion of dependence. But now suppose the balls make a perfect ‘W’ shape on the table. That ‘W’ depends on the arrangement of the individuals balls. It isn’t that the balls’ arrangement causes the ‘W’ to exist. Rather, the balls and their arrangement constitutes, or makes up the ‘W’. Their individual arrangements, taken together, brings it about that there is a ‘W’ shape on the table. These are all intuitive but imprecise ways of capturing the noncausal relationship between the individual balls and the ‘W’. The technical term philosophers use for this relationship is supervenience. It was used by Hare, and was put centre stage first by Davidson, and then by Kim and Lewis. Section 1 will explore different ways to define ‘supervenience’.
Philosophers find the notion of supervenience useful because it can be used to describe and analyse a number of phenomena which seem to depend on other phenomena in an important, but noncausal, way. These might include: truth depending on reality; the mind depending on the brain; and moral and aesthetic truths depending on physical properties. Supervenience also provides a useful way to help clarify what is at stake in a number of debates, such as the internalist/externalist debate over mental content.
Persistence
Authors: Miller Kristie 
Published: September 2018

We call the phenomenon of objects existing through time, persistence. Theories of persistence aim to spell out the conditions under which objects persist. A useful way to think about this task is to see that in order for an object to persist from one time to another, it needs to be that in some good sense the object that is located at the earlier time, is the same object as the object located at the later time. Competing theories of persistence can be thought of as offering different ways of understanding the sense in which an object located at one time is the same object as an object located at some other time. These different accounts are, in part, motivated by the need to reconcile four apparent truisms: (a) an object persists iff it exists at different times, and at each of those times what exists is numerically identical with what exists at every other one of those times; (b) persisting objects change their intrinsic properties over time; (c) x = y only if x and y share all of the same properties; and (d) no object instantiates incompatible properties. The tension between these four plausible claims is known as the problem of temporary intrinsics, and different attempts to solve the problem lead to different theories of persistence.
Historically, there have been two main theories of persistence. The articulation of these theories can be traced to David Lewis, who distinguishes endurance from perdurance. The theory that says that objects persist by enduring is known as endurantism, and the theory that says that objects persist by perduring is known as perdurantism. Put somewhat roughly for now, endurantism is the view that objects persist by being wholly present at more than one time. Perdurantism is the view that objects persist by being partially present at more than one time. Section 1 considers these two theories of persistence in more detail, and then introduces two more recent views: exdurantism (also known as stage theory) and transdurantism. Section 2 considers how these four theories respond to the problem of temporary intrinsics.