bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Sociology
Authors: Abrutyn Seth , McCaffree Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe emergence of sociology in the nineteenth century was predicated, in part, on evolutionary principles. The effort to make sense of the various societies Europeans had come into contact with through colonization accelerated the effort to establish a science of societies. Though crudely Eurocentric and rooted on poorly conceived ideas about progressive evolutionism, the idea that selection might work on culture and culture might be adaptive for individuals and/or groups remained a part of sociology; even after evolution was marginalized because of its association with social Darwinism and, worse, eugenics. Following the 1960s, evolutionary sociology began a slow but steady resurgence. Though evolutionary sociology remains an eclectic subfield, many of the threads have eschewed the questionable assumptions of nineteenth‐century paradigms and offer promising new directions for the merger of sociology and biology.
Postmodernism
Authors: Albright Julie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPostmodernism is at once a critique, a philosophy, and a set of practices developed during the late twentieth century, derived from the fields of sociology, linguistics, and philosophy. Postmodernism (“post” implying after modernism) emerged after World War II as a countervailing theory to the prevailing assumptions and aesthetics coming out of the eighteenth‐century Enlightenment and scientific revolution, with its emphasis on rationalism and empiricism.
Direct comparison between surface imaging and orthogonal radiographic imaging for SRS localization in phantom
Authors: Wiant David , Liu Han , Hayes T. Lane , Shang Qingyang , Mutic Sasa , Sintay Benjamin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeSurface imaging (SI) offers a nonionizing, near real time alternative to radiographic imaging for intrafraction radiosurgery localization. In this work, we systematically compared a commercial SI system vs a commercial room mounted x‐ray localization system in phantom.MethodsAn anthropomorphic head phantom with fiducial markers was imaged with linear accelerator on‐board x‐ray imaging, SI, and room mounted x‐ray imaging (RM) at ±45° and ±90° couch angles for three different head tilts and six different isocenters (72 total positions). The shifts generated by the three systems were compared as functions of couch angle, head tilt, and isocenter position with the on‐board imaging shifts used as ground truth. Two sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were used to evaluate equivalence of the groups.ResultsThe magnitude of the displacement vectors for RM minus on‐board imaging and SI minus on‐board imaging over all 72 phantom positions were 0.7 ± 0.3 mm for both cases. The RM and SI showed no significant difference based on couch angle or isocenter position. Both systems showed decreasing accuracy with increasing couch angle, but both systems agreed with ground truth to <=1.1 mm at all couch angles. The exaggerated chin‐up head orientation showed significantly different shifts for SI and RM based on increased variance in the SI measurements, although both had submillimeter accuracy on average. The standard deviation of the real time SI displacement vector was <0.06 mm over all measurements, during which the on‐board imaging panels partially blocked the lateral camera pods for half the time.ConclusionsRM and SI showed similar accuracy over measurements at 72 different phantom positions. SI showed minimal performance loss with camera pods blocked. SI is a feasible option for intra‐fraction radiosurgery localization based on these phantom measurements.
Wide Bandgap Phase Change Material Tuned Visible Photonics
Authors: Dong Weiling , Liu Hailong , Behera Jitendra K. , Lu Li , Ng Ray J. H. , Sreekanth Kandammathe Valiyaveedu , Zhou Xilin , Yang Joel K. W. , Simpson Robert E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLight strongly interacts with structures that are of a similar scale to its wavelength, typically nanoscale features for light in the visible spectrum. However, the optical response of these nanostructures is usually fixed during the fabrication. Phase change materials offer a way to tune the properties of these structures in nanoseconds. Until now, phase change active photonics has used materials that strongly absorb visible light, which limits their application in the visible spectrum. In contrast, Sb2S3 is an underexplored phase change material with a bandgap that can be tuned in the visible spectrum from 2.0 to 1.7 eV. This tuneable bandgap is deliberately coupled to an optical resonator such that it responds dramatically in the visible spectrum to Sb2S3 reversible structural phase transitions. It is shown that this optical response can be triggered both optically and electrically. High‐speed reprogrammable Sb2S3 based photonic devices, such as those reported here, are likely to have wide applications in future intelligent photonic systems, holographic displays, and microspectrometers.
Magnetic Regulation of Thermo‐Chemotherapy from a Cucurbit[7]uril‐Crosslinked Hybrid Hydrogel
Authors: Qiao Haishi , Jia Jing , Chen Wei , Di Bin , Scherman Oren A. , Hu Chi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fabrication, characterization, and therapy efficiency of a noncovalent‐bonded hydrogel network, which is assembled by utilizing cucurbit[7]uril as a supramolecular linker to “stick” superparamagnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto the polymer backbone of catechol‐functionalized chitosan are described. The unique barrel‐shaped structure of cucurbit[7]uril not only facilitates host–guest recognition with the catechol derivatives, but also forms robust electrostatic interactions between its carbonyl portals and the γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles in a supramolecular manner, which leaves the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles intact. The γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles display vibrational movement and heat generation under an alternating magnetic field, endowing the formed hybrid supramolecular hydrogel with both thermo‐ and chemotherapy modalities, which are demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Here, a facile strategy is introduced to construct noncovalent interactions between a polymer matrix and the incorporated nanoparticles, which is amendable to a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications.
Rolled‐up Nanotechnology: Materials Issue and Geometry Capability
Authors: Xu Changhao , Wu Xiang , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRolled‐up nanotechnology is an appealing technique that tunes planar films into complex 3D fine structures. The rolling‐up mechanism and methodology of a huge variety of materials and their combinations are summarized, including metals, insulators, traditional semiconductor families, polymers, and recently emerged 2D materials. The basic principles of strain induction, fabrication methods, and technical aspects of rolled‐up nanotechnology are described. The control over the geometry, as well as its deformation, directionality, and chirality are also discussed. Apart from rolling up into tubes or rings, springs, and other 3D complex structures can also be fabricated through this technique. Exploiting novel physical and mechanical properties in these rolled‐up structures has recently inspired numerous applications, including optical resonators, energy storage, drug delivery, gas detection, and environmental decontamination. Such widely applicable and highly tunable 3D architectures open up exciting future opportunities for on‐chip applications.
Improving a Mg/S Battery with YCl3 Additive and Magnesium Polysulfide
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhou Guangmin , Zhao Shuyang , Li Wanfei , Shi Feifei , Li Jia , Feng Jun , Zhao Yuxing , Wu Yang , Guo Jinghua , Cui Yi , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRechargeable magnesium/sulfur (Mg/S) batteries are widely regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. However, a key factor restricting their application is the lack of suitable electrolyte. Herein, an electrolyte additive that can reduce the polarization voltage is developed and 98.7% coulombic efficiency is realized. The as‐prepared Mg‐ion electrolyte exhibits excellent Mg plating/stripping performance with a low overpotential of 0.11 V for plating process, and high anodic stability up to 3.0 V (vs Mg/Mg2+). When it is coupled with magnesium polysulfide, which has high reactivity and is homogeneously distributed on carbon matrix, the Mg/S cells deliver a good cycling stability with a high discharge capacity over 1000 mAh g−1 for more than 50 cycles.
Helicenes Built from Silacyclopentadienes via Ring‐by‐Ring Knitting of the Helical Framework
Authors: Tok Oleg L. , Lang Kamil , Růžička Aleš , Cvačka Josef 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the apparent diversity of the protocols developed for the synthesis of helicenes, they essentially follow the same strategy: the closure of one, or several, internal rings in a key step. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new family of the heterohelicenes consisting of fused silacyclopentadiene rings formed via a facile and novel process. The treatment of oligo(alkynilydenesilylene) precursors of type H2C=CH−(SiMe2−C≡C)n−R (n=3–7), bearing a vinyl group on the terminal silicon atom, with 9‐borabicyclononane leads first to 1,2‐hydroboration of the terminal double bond which then continues with a cascade of intramolecular 1,1‐carboboration reactions accompanied with the closure of a new silole ring after each step affording the target silahelicenes with, currently, up to seven condensed silole rings and with excellent yields. According XRD analysis, the seven fused silole rings of the heptacyclic compound 11 b form an almost complete turn of a helix. The presented one‐pot sequence of reactions is the first example of ring‐by‐ring knitting of a helical framework starting from easily available linear precursors.
A Three‐Membered Cyclic Phosphasilene
Authors: Heider Yannic , Willmes Philipp , Mühlhausen Daniel , Klemmer Lukas , Zimmer Michael , Huch Volker , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSmall unsaturated phosphacycles are versatile reagents owing to their strain and the added functionality of the double bond and the phosphorus lone pair. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of the smallest possible cyclic phosphasilene as a stable adduct with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC). First reactivity studies show a) that the PSi2 ring is a competent ligand to the Fe(CO)4 fragment via the phosphorus lone pair and b) that the abstraction of the NHC by BPh3 results in the rapid head‐to‐head or head‐to‐tail dimerization of the PSi2 unit. The relatively facile NHC cleavage indicates that the P=Si double bond is available for further manipulation.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Two‐Photon Absorption Study of Tetraazachrysene‐based N‐Heteroacenes
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Shuaihua , Yang Shufan , Liu Guangfeng , Hao Pin , Zheng Yusen , Long Guankui , Li Dandan , Zhang Yu , Yang Wenbin , Xu Liang , Gao Weibo , Zhang Qichun , Cui Guanwei , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThree novel N‐heteroacene molecules (SDNU‐1, SDNU‐2 and SDNU‐3) based on tetraazachrysene units as cores have been designed, synthesized and fully characterized. Their photophysical, electrochemical and fluorescence properties were investigated, and they exhibited blue to green emission in the solid state. Interestingly, SDNU‐2 exhibited high solid photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (75.3 %), which is the highest value of N‐heteroacenes derivatives to date. Two‐photon absorption studies have been conducted by using the open and close aperture Z‐san technique. SDNU‐3 showed a significant enhancement in the two‐photon absorption cross‐section with magnitudes as high as about 700 GM (1 GM=1×10−50 cm4 s/photon) when excited with 800 nm light, which is the largest value based on a heteroacene system measured by using a Z‐scan experiment so far. We attribute the outcome to sufficient electronic coupling between the strong charge transfer of quadrupolar substituents and the tetraazachrysene core. Our result would provide a new guideline to design novel efficient two‐photon materials based on N‐heteroacene cores.
Macrocyclization enhances affinity of chemokine‐binding peptoids
Authors: Brahm Kevin , Wack Julia S. , Eckes Stefanie , Engemann Victoria , Schmitz Katja 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeptoids that bind to protein targets can be selected from one‐bead‐one‐compound libraries. Macrocyclization has been often used to increase conformational rigidity and binding affinity in both peptides and peptoids. Here we describe a combined strategy to label and cyclize hexameric peptoid sequences previously identified in a screen against the inflammatory chemokine interleukin‐8/CXCL8 that is involved in a number of inflammatory diseases. Cyclization can be performed on‐bead in the presence of side‐chain protecting groups so that this strategy can be applied to a large variety of sequences. The affinity of the resulting tetramethylrhodamine‐labeled macrocyclic peptomers to CXCL8 is increased by at least 1 order of magnitude compared to the original linear sequences.
Highly effective active learning in a one‐year biochemistry series with limited resources
Authors: Reich Norbert , Wang Yuedong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the effectiveness of an active learning curriculum designed for an upper division Biochemistry series at a large, public research university. The goal was to determine how effective this format was when compared to a parallel conventional course, and to see if the active learning series can be run with limited resources (one instructor, one teaching assistant). The study involved 160 students in the first quarter and 92 students in the second quarter. The active learning curriculum consists of learning goals for each chapter, online quizzes, in‐class questions targeting the problematic areas, small group (3–4 students) discussions during class in which students presented their assumptions and arguments in support of their responses to online and in‐class questions, and two‐stage exams involving the ability to “re‐answer” as a group following a discussion). The in‐class questions involved the use of a student response system (i > clicker) (multiple choice) and short answer formats. Students in the active learning course and a control, conventional lecture course, took identical midterms and finals for the first, and second quarters. We found that students enrolled in the active learning curriculum had consistently better performance, with statistically significant higher scores on all tests for both quarters. The effect sizes of the improvements are medium to large and are independent of prior GPA and grades in prerequisites. This model curriculum redesign offers promise for improved student learning with less monetary investment than a flipped course model relying on, for example, an extensive collection of instructor‐produced videos. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(1):7–15, 2018.
Biology graduate teaching assistants as novice educators: Are there similarities in teaching ability and practice beliefs between teaching assistants and K–12 teachers?
Authors: Gardner Grant E. , Parrish Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiology graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are a critical instructional group in the successful implementation of classroom reform efforts in higher education. Despite this, little is known about effective Teaching Professional Development (TPD) of this largely novice instructor group. This Idea to explore article proposes that a comparison of what we already know about novice K‐12 science teachers beliefs about teaching and learning might inform future research into GTA TPD. As such, data related to teaching ability and practice beliefs is provided to compare and contrast these constructs in GTA and novice K‐12 teacher groups. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(1):51–57, 2018.
Chemical Characterization of Leaves, Male and Female Flowers from Spontaneous Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Growing in Hungary
Authors: Nagy David U. , Cianfaglione Kevin , Maggi Filippo , Sut Stefania , Dall'Acqua Stefano 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpontaneous forms of hemp (Cannabis sativa L., often reported as Cannabis sativa var. spontanea Vavilov) with a low content of psychoactive cannabinoids can be considered as a valuable source of other phytoconstituents to be used in nutraceuticals or for their health promoting properties. Chemical data on this hemp variety are rather scarce. In this article, we report a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of leaves, male and female inflorescences of C. sativa growing wild in Hungary. For the purpose, the essential oil along with polar extracts were analyzed using GC/MS, NMR and LC‐DAD‐MS techniques, respectively. The results indicated that female inflorescence essential oil contains high amounts of the CB2 agonists, (E)‐caryophyllene (28.3 %) and cannabidiol (CBD; 24.9 %), whereas leaves and male inflorescence essential oils contained lower amounts of both compounds. HPLC/MS allowed to quantify cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBD−A) in the ethyl acetate extracts from leaves, male and female inflorescences; they were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.9 %, and 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 %, respectively. Flavonoids of this spontaneous form of hemp were formed by C‐glycosides and glucuronic acids of kaempferol and apigenin with a total content of 3.8, 6.1 and 7.8 mg/g in methanolic extracts from leaves, male and female inflorescences, respectively. Based on these results, spontaneous C. sativa may represent an important source of CB2 agonists and bioflavonoids to be used in nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
The Active Nature of Crystal MoS2 for Converting Sulfur‐Containing Syngas
Authors: Liu Chang , Cui Xue‐Ying , Song Yong‐Hong , Zhu Min‐Li , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Liu Zhong‐Wen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMolybdenum disulfides are attractive sulfur‐tolerant catalysts suitable for the direct conversion of sulfur‐containing syngas, which avoids the expensive step of the deep desulfurization. However, the catalytic activity of MoS2‐based catalysts is relatively low. To improve the activity, previous works have focused on modifying MoS2 with various promoters and supports, but the structural aspects are largely overlooked. In this work, we investigated the active nature of the MoS2‐based catalysts for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Thus, the bulk MoS2 with varied crystallite sizes was synthesized by the hydrothermal and the thermal decomposition methods. The catalysts before and after catalytic tests were characterized by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope techniques. The CO hydrogenation under low‐temperature methanation conditions (The syngas with a H2/CO=2 and 40.0 ppm H2S, T=360 °C, and P=2 MPa) was applied to evaluate MoS2 as a catalyst for converting syngas. The catalytic results indicate that the MoS2 with smaller crystallite sizes exhibited a higher CO conversion. By correlating the structural propriety with the catalytic activity, a hexagonal‐prim‐shaped model was developed to describe different sites on the MoS2 crystallite. Based on this model, the activity of different active sites on the bulk MoS2 for CO hydrogenation decreased in the order of rim sites > edge sites ≫ basal sites. The highest catalytic activity over the bulk MoS2 with smallest particles was attributed to the highest exposure of the rim sites.
Positive Cooperative Effect in Ion‐Pair Recognition by a Tris‐urea Hemicryptophane Cage
Authors: Delecluse Magalie , Colomban Cédric , Moraleda Delphine , de Riggi Innocenzo , Duprat Françoise , Michaud‐Chevallier Sabine , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Robert Vincent , Chatelet Bastien , Martinez Alexandre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a hemicryptophane cage combining a CTV unit with a C3 symmetrical moiety bearing three urea functions is reported. This host was found to bind anions with higher binding constants than other previously reported hemicryptophanes. Due to its heteroditopic character this cage proved to be an efficient ion‐pair receptor. The best cooperativity effect was observed for the tetramethylammonium bromide (TMABr) salt, which was confirmed and rationalized by DFT calculations.
Dynamic Interactions in Synthetic Receptors: A Guest Exchange Saturation Transfer Study
Authors: Avram Liat , Havel Václav , Shusterman‐Krush Ronit , Iron Mark A. , Zaiss Moritz , Šindelář Vladimír , Bar‐Shir Amnon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe accumulated knowledge regarding molecular architectures is based on established, reliable, and accessible analytical tools that provide robust structural and functional information on assemblies. However, both the dynamicity and low population of noncovalently interacting moieties within studied molecular systems limit the efficiency and accuracy of traditional methods. Herein, the use of a saturation transfer‐based NMR approach to study the dynamic binding characteristics of an anion to a series of synthetic receptors derived from bambusuril macrocycles is demonstrated. The exchange rates of BF4− are mediated by the side chains on the receptor (100 s−1<kex<5000 s−1), which play a critical role in receptor‐anion binding dynamics. The signal amplification obtained with this approach allows for the identification of different types of intermolecular interactions between the receptor and the anion, something that could not have been detected by techniques hitherto used to study molecular assemblies. These findings, which are supported by a computational molecular dynamic study, demonstrate the uniqueness and added value of this NMR method.
Examining the perceived versus the actual knowledge about forensic odontology: A cross‐sectional survey among dentists
Authors: Almutairi Adel F. , Alkhtheri Bayan A. , Aleidan Hattan N. , Alhabib Asma A. , Alotaibi Eid A. , Salam Mahmoud 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDentists should have the basic essential skills and knowledge about forensic odontology, to better collaborate with law enforcement and investigations. The objective of this survey was to assess the perceived and actual knowledge toward forensic odontology among dentists and to question their willingness to attend training courses on this specialty. A cross‐sectional survey based on a self‐administered questionnaire was conducted in various districts of Saudi Arabia. Four hundred dentists responded to a questionnaire that tested their actual knowledge of forensic odontology based on answering 15 statements using the alternatives correct, incorrect, do not know. The perceived knowledge was registered as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree, then assigned scores respectively from four to zero. A willingness to attend a training course in the future was recorded by (yes/no). Scores were summated then subjected to descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Responses were received from 360 study participants (89% response rate). The percentage of correct answers, that is, the actual knowledge, was 67.9 (standard deviation [SD] ± 18.4). About two thirds of the responders (n = 251, 69.7%) indicated a willingness to attend a forensic odontology course in the future. Differences in both actual and perceived knowledge were identified on the basis of gender, work experience, education level, attended a course in forensic odontology, and having previously provided a past bite‐mark examination. The perceived knowledge on forensic odontology among dentists was moderate to low. The gap between perceived and actual knowledge signifies low self‐confidence. Dentists with higher education levels and experience tend to have better knowledge.