bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of volume and surface dielectric barrier discharges in N2–O2 mixtures using optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Kogelheide Friederike , Offerhaus Björn , Bibinov Nikita , Krajinski Philip , Schücke Lars , Schulze Julian , Stapelmann Katharina , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA volume and a twin surface dielectric barrier discharge (VDBD and SDBD) are generated in different nitrogen–oxygen mixtures at atmospheric pressure by applying damped sinusoidal voltage waveforms with oscillation periods in the microsecond time scale. Both electrode configurations are located inside vacuum vessels and operated in a controlled atmosphere to exclude the influence of surrounding air. The discharges are characterised with different spatial and temporal resolution by applying absolutely calibrated optical emission spectroscopy in conjunction with numerical simulations and current–voltage measurements. Plasma parameters, namely the electron density and the reduced electric field, and the dissipated power are found to depend strongly on the oxygen content in the working gas mixture. Different spatial and temporal distributions of plasma parameters and dissipated power are explained by surface and residual volume charges for different O2 admixtures due to their effects on the electron recombination rate. Thus, the oxygen admixture is found to strongly influence the breakdown process and plasma conditions of a VDBD and a SDBD.
Cation‐Modulated HER and OER Activities of Hierarchical VOOH Hollow Architectures for High‐Efficiency and Stable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cui Renjie , Gao Chencheng , Bian Linyi , Pu Yong , Zhu Xinbao , Li Xing'ao , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtom‐scale modulation of electronic regulation in nonprecious‐based electrocatalysts is promising for efficient catalytic activities. Here, hierarchically hollow VOOH nanostructures are rationally constructed by partial iron substitution and systematically investigated for electrocatalytic water splitting. Benefiting from the hierarchically stable scaffold configuration, highly electrochemically active surface area, the synergistic effect of the active metal atoms, and optimal adsorption energies, the 3% Fe (mole ratio) substituted electrocatalyst (VOOH‐3Fe) exhibits a low overpotential of 90 and 195 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, respectively, superior than the other samples with a different substituted ratio. To the best of current knowledge, 195 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 is the best value reported for V or Fe (oxy)hydroxide‐based OER catalysts. Moreover, the electrolytic cell employing the VOOH‐3Fe electrode as both the cathode and anode exhibits a cell voltage of 0.30 V at 10 mA cm−2 with a remarkable stability over 60 h. This work heralds a new pathway to design efficient bifunctional catalysts toward overall water splitting.
Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Starch‐Saccharifying Alpha‐1,4‐Glucan‐Glucohydrolase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Ghani Maria , Ansari Asma , Haider Muhammad Samee , Asif Tayyaba , Ibrahim Fariha , Qader Shah Ali Ul , Aman Afsheen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo alleviate the difficulties of starch processing industries, it is necessary to improve the enzyme yield of commercially important alpha 1,4‐glucan‐glucohydrolase (glucoamylase) and explore new thermostable glucoamylases that have strong starch saccharifying capabilities. The current investigation is based on the purification and characterization of glucoamylase from wild and mutant strains of Bacillus licheniformis. Glucoamylase is purified up to homogeneity. The purified glucoamylase exhibits 67‐ and 506‐fold purification from wild (B. licheniformis KIBGE‐IB3) and mutant (B. licheniformis KIBGE‐IB3M67) strains, respectively, with a molecular weight of ≈185 kDa. Glucoamylase from wild and mutant strains hydrolyzes the starch at 50 °C in 5 min. Vmax and Km values from KIBGE‐IB3 are 107.07 kU mg−1 and 0.07 mg mL−1 whereas, for glucoamylase from KIBGE‐IB3M67 are 386.56 kU mg−1 and 0.12 mg mL−1, respectively. End product analysis reveals that glucoamylase from mutant strain have strong saccharifying capability for potato starch. N‐Terminal protein sequence discloses that the first two amino acids (SSNKLTTSWG) in the wild‐type are replaced by other amino acids in the mutant strain (MDNKLTTSWG). After reviewing potential kinetic properties of glucoamylase, it is suggested that glucoamylase from KIBGE‐IB3M67 has remarkable potential to withstand harsh industrial environment and can straightforwardly saccharify potato starch into glucose molecules.
Dynamic simulation of river water environmental capacity based on the subsection summation model
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Luo Jungang , Zhang Xiao , Xie Jiancang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere are noteworthy problems in current strategies to calculate river water environmental capacity (WEC), including the generalization of tributaries and water intakes, which results in inaccurate calculation results of the WEC, and the difficulty in adapting to dynamic changes in demands and hydrological conditions in terms of practical application. To address these flaws, the subsection summation model (SSM) was built for river WEC calculation. The SSM increases the number of control sections according to drain outlets, water intakes, and tributaries and acquires the WEC of the functional area section by section. The Wei River was taken as the study area for verification and application of the SSM. Supported by a comprehensive integration platform, the WEC simulation system of the Wei River was constructed. The results show that the SSM enhances the accuracy of the WEC calculation, and the results are closer to the actual situation. The simulation system could obtain the WEC according to the demands and changes in the hydrological conditions, thus providing technical means for policymakers.Practitioner points

The subsection summation model provides a more accurate water environmental capacity (WEC) calculation method considering tributaries and water intakes avoiding generalization.

The simulation system should be established to make the WEC calculation adapt to the demands or changes in the hydrological conditions.

The model and system could supply the basis and technical means for decision‐making.
Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India—A review
Authors: Sackaria Merin , Elango Lakshmanan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGroundwater pollution due to organic micropollutants is a major cause of concern, especially in parts of the world where available water resources are on the decline. India is the largest user of groundwater where the presence of micropollutants in the subsurface environment has been the focus of many researchers. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed review of studies on micropollutants in Indian groundwater and to provide strategies for further work. It is found that the presence of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, surfactants, phthalates, per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, personal care products, artificial sweeteners, and pesticides in groundwater from different parts of India is reported. Pesticides and phthalate concentrations reported exceed the standard guideline values. This review points out the regions where the groundwater is prone to contamination due to micropollutants. An assessment of temporal variation in the concentration of micropollutants in groundwater has been done only by a few researchers. This study highlighted the need for more research on the possible presence of micropollutants in groundwater, especially in the major polluted rivers in cities where more pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastic industries are located.Practitioner Points

Organic micropollutants were not new contaminants into the environment but the one entered even decades ago which has threatening effect.

The number of studies on organic micropollutants in groundwater is lesser than surface water or wastewater.

Scarcity on the studies of micropollutants was a result of definite technical lack in its analysis and complexity in sample preparation.

Most of the studies done were related to contamination sites and point sources.
Prasugrel effectively reduces the platelet reactivity units in patients with genetically metabolic dysfunction of cytochrome P450 2C19 who are treated with long-term dual antiplatelet therapy after undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Shimamatsu Junichiro , Sasaki Ken-ichiro , Katsuki Yoshio , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Murasato Yoshinobu , Ajisaka Hidehiko , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Tashiro Hideki , Harada Atsushi , Hirakawa Yuji , Ishizaki Yuta , Ishimatsu Takashi , Kagiyama Kotaro , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Ueno Takafumi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor is administered following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary stent implantation. Several studies have reported the effects of switching between P2Y12 inhibitors on platelet reactivity (P2Y12 reaction units: PRU), from acute to late phase after PCI. However, the effect of switching at very late phase is unknown. This study examined the effect on PRU in Japanese coronary heart disease patients with long-term DAPT (aspirin + clopidogrel) when switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in this study. The median DAPT duration at enrollment was 1824.0 days. Twenty-three patients with PRU ≥ 208 at enrollment were randomly assigned into either continuing to receive clopidogrel (Continued Group; n = 11) or switching to prasugrel (Switched Group; n = 12). The primary endpoint was the rate of patients who achieved PRU < 208 at the end of 12 weeks of treatment, which was significantly higher in Switched Group relative to Continued Group (90.0% vs. 36.4%; P = 0.024). The secondary endpoint was the PRU at week 12 in groups subdivided according to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotypes. At week 12, extensive metabolizers (EM Group) had 202.3 ± 60.0 and 174.5 ± 22.3 in Continued Group and Switched Group (P = 0.591), respectively; intermediate and poor metabolizers (non-EM Group) had 229.4 ± 36.9 and 148.4 ± 48.4 in Continued Group and Switched Group (P = 0.002), respectively. The PRU for non-EM Group was significantly reduced in Switched Group. Thus, for patients with long-term DAPT (aspirin + clopidogrel) after PCI with coronary stent implantation, switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel resulted in a stable reduction in PRU, regardless of CYP2C19 polymorphism.
Online Clique Clustering
Authors: Chrobak Marek , Dürr Christoph , Fabijan Aleksander , Nilsson Bengt J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Clique clustering is the problem of partitioning the vertices of a graph into disjoint clusters, where each cluster forms a clique in the graph, while optimizing some objective function. In online clustering, the input graph is given one vertex at a time, and any vertices that have previously been clustered together are not allowed to be separated. The goal is to maintain a clustering with an objective value close to the optimal solution. For the variant where we want to maximize the number of edges in the clusters, we propose an online algorithm based on the doubling technique. It has an asymptotic competitive ratio at most 15.646 and a strict competitive ratio at most 22.641. We also show that no deterministic algorithm can have an asymptotic competitive ratio better than 6. For the variant where we want to minimize the number of edges between clusters, we show that the deterministic competitive ratio of the problem is $$n-\omega (1)$$n-ω(1), where n is the number of vertices in the graph.
What is new in the 2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy?
Authors: Lang Irene M. 
Published: September 2019

Summary of key elements of the new 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
Cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy are the most common causes of pregnancy-associated mortality.
Vaginal delivery is the preferred mode of birth in the majority of pregnancies.
It is recommended that patients with modified World Health Organization (mWHO) class IV risk are counselled against pregnancy.
Patients carrying mWHO II–III, III, and class IV risks should undergo prepregnancy counselling by a multidisciplinary pregnancy heart team to determine a delivery plan and define postpartum care.
Specific medications should not be principally withheld in pregnancy but the risk-benefit ratio should be carefully evaluated prior to administration.
Beta blockers are recommended during and after pregnancy for congenital long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Low molecular weight heparin is the ideal substance for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy under weekly monitoring of anti-factor Xa activity.
Chimpanzees use observed temporal directionality to learn novel causal relations
Authors: Tennie Claudio , Völter Christoph J. , Vonau Victoria , Hanus Daniel , Call Josep , Tomasello Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether chimpanzees use the temporal sequence of external events to determine causation. Seventeen chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) witnessed a human experimenter press a button in two different conditions. When she pressed the “causal button” the delivery of juice and a sound immediately followed (cause-then-effect). In contrast, she pressed the “non-causal button” only after the delivery of juice and sound (effect-then-cause). When given the opportunity to produce the desired juice delivery themselves, the chimpanzees preferentially pressed the causal button, i.e., the one that preceded the effect. Importantly, they did so in their first test trial and even though both buttons were equally associated with juice delivery. This outcome suggests that chimpanzees, like human children, do not rely solely on their own actions to make use of novel causal relations, but they can learn causal sequences based on observation alone. We discuss these findings in relation to the literature on causal inferences as well as associative learning.
On-wall and interior separation in a two-fluid boundary layer
Authors: Timoshin Sergei N. , Thapa Pallu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA two-fluid boundary layer is considered in the context of a high Reynolds number Poiseuille–Couette channel flow encountering an elongated shallow obstacle. The flow is laminar, steady and two-dimensional, with the boundary layer shown to have the pressure unknown in advance and a specified displacement (a condensed boundary layer). The focus is on the detail of the flow reversal triggered by the obstacle. The interface between the two fluids passes through the boundary layer which, in conjunction with the effects of gravity and distinct densities in the two fluids, leads to several possible topologies of the reversed flow, including a conventional on-wall separation, interior flow reversal above the interface, and several combinations of the two. The effect of upstream influence due to a transverse pressure variation under gravity is mentioned briefly.
‘Diabetes is a gift from god’ a qualitative study coping with diabetes distress by Indonesian outpatients
Authors: Arifin Bustanul , Probandari Ari , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani , Schuiling-Veninga Catharina C. M. , Atthobari Jarir , Krabbe Paul F. M. , Postma Maarten J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
More than two-thirds of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia encounter medical-related problems connected to routine self-management of medication and the social stigma related to T2DM. The current study aims to explore distress and coping strategies in Indonesian T2DM outpatients in a Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using two different data collection methods: focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The guideline of interviews and discussions were developed based on seventeen questions derived from the DDS17 Bahasa Indonesia (a Bahasa Indonesia version of the Diabetes Distress Scale questionnaire), which covered physician distress domain, emotional burden domain, regimen distress domain and interpersonal distress domain.

Results
The majority of the 43 participants were females and aged 50 or older. Our study discovered two main themes: internal and external diabetes distress and coping strategies. Internal diabetes distress consists of disease burden, fatigue due to T2DM, fatigue not due to T2DM, emotional burden (fear, anxiety, etc.) and lack of knowledge. Internal coping strategies comprised spirituality, positive attitude, acceptance and getting more information about T2DM. External diabetes distress was evoked by distress concerning healthcare services, diet, routine medication, monthly blood sugar checks, interpersonal distress (family) and financial concern. External coping strategies included healthcare support, traditional medicine, vigilance, self-management, social and family support and obtaining information about health insurance.

Conclusion
Our study shows that for Indonesian T2DM-patients, spirituality and acceptance are the most common coping mechanisms for reducing DD. Furthermore, our study revealed an overall positive attitude towards dealing with T2DM as well as a need for more information about T2DM and potential coping strategies. Finally, an important finding of ours relates to differences in DD between males and females, potential DD associated with health services provision and the specific challenges faced by housewives with T2DM.
Outcome measurement instruments for peripheral vascular malformations and an assessment of the measurement properties: a systematic review
Authors:   Collaborators OVAMA consensus group, Horbach Sophie E. R. , Rongen Amber P. M. , Elbers Roy G. , van der Horst Chantal M. A. M. , Prinsen Cecilia A. C. , Spuls Phyllis I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The Outcome measures for vascular malformation (OVAMA) group reached consensus on the core outcome domains for the core outcome set (COS) for peripheral vascular malformations (venous, lymphatic and arteriovenous malformations). However, it is unclear which instruments should be used to measure these domains. Therefore, our aims were to identify all outcome measurement instruments available for vascular malformations, and to evaluate their measurement properties.

Methods
With the first literature search, we identified outcomes and instruments previously used in prospective studies on vascular malformations. A second search yielded studies on measurement properties of patient- and physician-reported instruments that were either developed for vascular malformations, or used in prospective studies. If the latter instruments were not specifically validated for vascular malformations, we performed a third search for studies on measurement properties in clinically similar diseases (vascular or lymphatic diseases and benign tumors). We assessed the methodological quality of these studies following the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments methodology, and evaluated the quality of the measurement properties.

Results
The first search yielded 27 studies, none using disease-specific instruments. The second and third search included 22 development and/or validation studies, concerning six instruments. Only the Lymphatic Malformation Function Instrument was developed specifically for vascular malformations. Other instruments were generic QoL instruments developed and/or partly validated for clinically similar diseases.

Conclusions
Additional research on measurement properties is needed to assess which instruments may be included in the COS. This review informs the instrument selection and/or the development of new instruments.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO, 42017056242.
A Rapid Review of Barriers to Volunteering for Potentially Disadvantaged Groups and Implications for Health Inequalities
Authors: Southby Kris , South Jane , Bagnall Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite volunteering being a feature of community life in the UK, differences as to who volunteers are evident. Reporting on a rapid review of the evidence on volunteering and inequalities, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the breadth and interconnectedness of barriers to volunteering for potentially disadvantaged groups. Sixty-seven articles were identified, to produce a map of factors affecting volunteer participation. Findings suggest that whilst different demographic groups experience specific barriers to volunteering, there are areas of commonality. Analysis shifts the onus of volunteering away from the level of individual choice (a dominant emphasis in policy and practical discussions around promoting volunteering) and towards the influence of structural factors related to broader exclusionary processes. Those who potentially have the most to gain from volunteering are the least likely to participate. Whilst the benefits of volunteering are increasingly documented by research and championed by policy, there are questions about the success of this approach given that the underlying social inequalities present substantive barriers to volunteering and must be addressed to promote greater access.
Mycoprotein: environmental impact and health aspects
Authors: Souza Filho Pedro F. , Andersson Dan , Ferreira Jorge A. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The term mycoprotein refers to the protein-rich food made of filamentous fungal biomass that can be consumed as an alternative to meat. In this paper, the impact caused by the substitution of animal-origin meat in the human diet for mycoprotein on the health and the environment is reviewed. Presently, mycoprotein can be found in the supermarkets of developed countries in several forms (e.g. sausages and patties). Expansion to other markets depends on the reduction of the costs. Although scarce, the results of life cycle analyses of mycoprotein agree that this meat substitute causes an environmental impact similar to chicken and pork. In this context, the use of inexpensive agro-industrial residues as substrate for mycoprotein production has been investigated. This strategy is believed to reduce the costs involved in the fungal cultivation and lower the environmental impact of both the mycoprotein and the food industry. Moreover, several positive effects in health have been associated with the substitution of meat for mycoprotein, including improvements in blood cholesterol concentration and glycemic response. Mycoprotein has found a place in the market, but questions regarding the consumer’s experience on the sensory and health aspects are still being investigated.
Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.