bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garcinol suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and its underlying mechanism
Authors: Jia Yewei , Jiang Jiawei , Lu Xuanyuan , Zhang Tan , Zhao Kangxian , Han Weiqi , Yang Wanlei , Qian Yu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteoclasts (OCs) are multinuclear giant cells responsible for bone resorption, and an excessive bone resorption by OCs plays an important role in osteoporosis. Commonly used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis have severe side effects. As such, identification of alternative treatments is essential. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone extracted from the fruit of Garcinia indica, has shown a strong antitumor effect through the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐associated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, the role of garcinol in the osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that garcinol can inhibit the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis‐related gene expression, the f‐actin ring, and resorption pit formation. In addition, garcinol abrogated RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by attenuating the degradation of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway as well as downstream factors c‐jun, c‐fos, and NFATC1. In vivo, suppression of osteoclastogenesis by garcinol was evidenced by marked inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐induced bone resorption. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that garcinol inhibited the RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the MAPK, NF‐κB, and PI3K‐AKT signaling pathways and thus has potential as a novel therapeutic option for osteolytic bone diseases.
Amino acids stimulate glycyl‐tRNA synthetase nuclear localization for mammalian target of rapamycin expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Mengmeng , Luo Chaochao , Huang Xin , Chen Dongying , Li Shanshan , Qi Hao , Gao Xuejun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmino acids are required for the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to increase cell growth, protein and lipid synthesis, and inhibit autophagy. However, the mechanism through which amino acids activate the mTOR signaling is still largely unknown. In our previous study, we discovered that glycyl‐tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is a key mediator of amino‐acid‐induced mTOR expression and activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Here we show that amino acids stimulate GlyRS nuclear localization for mTOR expression in BMECs. Met stimulates GlyRS nuclear localization, and the nuclear GlyRS is cleaved into a C‐terminus‐containing truncated form. We prove that GlyRS has a bipartite nuclear leading sequences, and GlyRS is phosphorylated at Thr544 and Ser704 in the cytoplasm under the stimulation of amino acids (Met, Leu, and Lys). The nuclear GlyRS physically binds to nuclear factor kappa B1, triggers its phosphorylation, thereby enhancing mRNA expression of its target genes including mTOR, S6K1, and 4EBP1. We further demonstrate that GlyRS is required for the inhibition of autophagy by Met. Thus our work elucidates that amino acids trigger GlyRS phosphorylation and nuclear localization to enhance the mRNA expression of mTOR.
The role of HSP27 in the development of drug resistance of gastrointestinal malignancies: Current status and perspectives
Authors: Soleimani Atena , Jalili‐Nik Mohammad , Avan Amir , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHeat‐shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a chaperone molecule that plays a critical role in the refolding and activity of several proteins responsible for cancer cell drug toxicity. Upregulation of HSP27 is associated with decreased drug sensitivity as well as poorer survival in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. It is, therefore, possible that HSP27 may be of value in the assessment of prognostic and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of GI cancers. Pharmacological and biological inhibitors of HSP27 enhance tumor cell chemosensitivity. This review summarizes the potential role of HSP27 in chemotherapy drug resistance and the therapeutic potential of HSP27 inhibitors as a novel strategy in the treatment of GI cancers.
LncRNA miR143HG suppresses bladder cancer development through inactivating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by modulating miR‐1275/AXIN2 axis
Authors: Xie Hui , Huang Hang , Huang Weiping , Xie Zhiyue , Yang Yu , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough increasing long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified by high‐throughput sequencing, their functions in human cancer remain largely unknown. The function of lncRNA miR143HG has not been explored before. In the present study, we found that miR143HG expression was significantly downregulated in bladder cancer tissues (BCa) compared with normal tissues. We showed that miR143HG high expression was associated with a high survival rate in BCa patients. Gain‐of‐function assays demonstrated that miR143HG overexpression suppressed the proliferation, arrested cell cycle progression, and attenuated migration and invasion of BCa cells in vitro. In vivo assay illustrated that ectopic expression of miR143HG inhibited BCa growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR143HG was identified to inhibit the level of miR‐1275, whereas miR‐1275 directly targeted AXIN2, a negative regulator of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Restoration of miR‐1275 or knockdown of AXIN2 significantly rescued the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of BCa cells. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR143HG/miR‐1275/AXIN2 axis regulates BCa development by modulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Preparation of poly(2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine‐TMC)/P84 composite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced chlorine resistance and solvent resistance
Authors: Han Runlin , Xie Yongli , Ma Xufeng , Teng Da , Zhang Shouhai , Jian Xigao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDNanofiltration membrane has attracted great study interest because of its high permselectivity and low operating cost. However, most commercial nanofiltration membranes are still not applicable for chemical separation processes due to their low resistance to organic solvent and chlorination.RESULTS2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine (TAPI) was employed as an aqueous phase monomer to prepare poly (2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine‐TMC) composite nanofiltration membrane with interfacial polymerization. Polyimide (P84) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was crosslinked with TAPI and used as the supporting membrane. The composite membrane showed high rejection (91.4%) of Na2SO4 and a high flux (7.3 L m−2 h−1) at 0.3 MPa and ambient temperature. The membrane also showed high stability during 120 h immersion in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and acetone. The performance of membrane immersed in 200 ppm NaClO solution did not decline over 96 h.CONCLUSIONTAPI with reactive amino group can be used as aqueous phase monomer to prepare poly (2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine‐TMC) composite nanofiltration membrane with high permselectivity. The pyrimidine ring of TAPI endows the functional layer with excellent chlorine resistance while the crosslinking of P84 membrane with TAPI significantly improves the solvent resistance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Kong Sieng‐Huat , Lam Su Shiung , Yek Peter Nai Yuh , Liew Rock Keey , Ma Nyuk Ling , Osman Mohammad Shahril , Wong Chee Chung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDOil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills. Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce carbon‐rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and characteristics of the biochar were investigated.RESULTThe amount of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 °C when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 °C min−1 was recorded, producing a yield of 40 wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The biochar obtained at 700 °C showed relatively low volatile matter (24 wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66 wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen (17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of 410 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue dye adsorption efficiency of 20 mg g−1.CONCLUSIONThe SPMP approach showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5) and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
90‐90‐90 by 2020? Estimation and projection of the adult HIV epidemic and ART programme in Zimbabwe – 2017 to 2020
Authors: Bansi‐Matharu Loveleen , Cambiano Valentina , Apollo Tsitsi , Yekeye Raymond , Dirawo Jeffrey , Musemburi Sithembile , Davey Calum , Napierala Sue , Fearon Elizabeth , Mpofu Amon , Mugurungi Owen , Hargreaves James R , Cowan Frances M , Phillips Andrew N 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe 90‐90‐90 targets set by the United Nations aspire to 73% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) being virally suppressed by 2020. Using the HIV Synthesis Model, we aim to mimic the epidemic in Zimbabwe and make projections to assess whether Zimbabwe is on track to meet the 90‐90‐90 targets and assess whether recently proposed UNAIDS HIV transition metrics are likely to be met.MethodsWe used an approximate Bayesian computation approach to identify model parameter values which result in model outputs consistent with observed data, evaluated using a calibration score. These parameter values were then used to make projections to 2020 to compare with the 90‐90‐90 targets and other key indicators. We also calculated HIV transition metrics proposed by UNAIDS (percentage reduction in new HIV infections and AIDS‐related mortality from 2010 to 2020, absolute rate of new infections and AIDS‐related mortality, incidence–mortality ratio and incidence–prevalence ratios).ResultsAfter calibration, there was general agreement between modelled and observed data. The median predicted outcomes in 2020 were: proportion of PLHIV (aged 15 to 65) diagnosed 0.91 (90% uncertainty range 0.87, 0.94) (0.84 men, 0.95 women); of those diagnosed, proportion on treatment 0.92 (0.90, 0.93); of those receiving treatment, proportion with viral suppression 0.86 (0.81, 0.91). This results in 72% of PLHIV having viral suppression in 2020. We estimated a percentage reduction of 36.5% (13.7% increase to 67.4% reduction) in new infections from 2010 to 2020, and of 30.4% (9.7% increase to 56.6% reduction) in AIDS‐related mortality (UNAIDS target 75%). The modelled absolute rates of HIV incidence and AIDS‐related mortality in 2020 were 5.48 (2.26, 9.24) and 1.93 (1.31, 2.71) per 1000 person‐years respectively. The modelled incidence–mortality ratio and incidence–prevalence ratios in 2020 were 1.05 (0.46, 1.66) and 0.009 (0.004, 0.013) respectively.ConclusionsOur model was able to produce outputs that are simultaneously consistent with an array of observed data and predicted that while the 90‐90‐90 targets are within reach in Zimbabwe, increased efforts are required in diagnosing men in particular. Calculation of the HIV transition metrics suggest increased efforts are needed to bring the HIV epidemic under control.
Nutritional and meat quality characteristics of seven primal cuts from 9‐month‐old female veal calves: a preliminary study
Authors: Gálvez Fernando , Maggiolino Aristide , Domínguez Rubén , Pateiro Mirian , Gil Sandra , De Palo Pasquale , Carballo Javier , Franco Daniel , Lorenzo José M 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeef is a highly nutritious and valuable food. In order to complete its nutritional information, this study determined the chemical and physicochemical parameters and fatty acid, amino acid and mineral contents in seven primal cuts from veal carcasses (shoulder clod (SC), inside round (IR), eye of round (ER), bottom round (BR), heel of round (HR), knuckle (KK) and tenderloin (TL)).RESULTSThe intramuscular fat content was higher and the cholesterol content was lower in TL than in the other cuts. The colour parameters also varied in the different primal cuts. The L* and b* values were highest in ER. Cooking losses were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by the cut of meat ranging from 20.85% in HR to 29.01% in ER. Determination of the shear force values permitted us to establish more tender muscle (TL with shear force 16.45 N cm−2) and less tender muscle (IR with shear force 47.27 N cm−2). The nutritional indices and fatty acid profile indicated that HR is the healthiest cut. All cuts evaluated provide important levels of dietary amino acids, although the contents of both essential and non‐essential amino acids were highest in HR. Finally, K, Zn and Fe were affected by the type of veal cut.CONCLUSIONSAll primal cuts of veal provide important nutrients for human diets. The information of this research allows consumers to make healthful food choices, creating diets aimed at trying to correct deficiencies and providing objective data that differentiate between differently priced cuts of veal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxidative stability of emulsions fortified with iron: the role of liposomal phospholipids
Authors: Cengiz Alime , Kahyaoglu Talip , Schröen Karin , Berton‐Carabin Claire 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterest in supplementing food with iron to counteract dietary deficiencies has been on the rise in recent years. A major challenge is the pro‐oxidant activity of soluble iron, which compromises the chemical stability of the enriched food products. This problem could be mitigated by encapsulating iron, to physically keep it separated from oxidizable substrates, such as unsaturated fatty acids. In the present work, the physical and chemical stability of surfactant‐ or protein‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions fortified with iron was investigated.RESULTSIron (ferrous sulfate) was successfully incorporated in liposomes at high encapsulation efficiency (89%). The liposomes obtained were added to emulsions stabilized with either Tween 20 or whey protein isolate (WPI), and its oxidative stability was monitored and compared with emulsions with free iron. Tween 20‐stabilized emulsions were more stable against oxidation than WPI‐stabilized emulsions, and furthermore lipid oxidation was substantially higher in emulsions containing iron (either free, or encapsulated in liposomes) than in blank emulsions. This shows that liposomal encapsulation did not inhibit the pro‐oxidant activity of iron.CONCLUSIONDespite the high encapsulation efficiency of iron in our liposomes, these systems are not suitable to supplement model foods with iron because of the associated deleterious chemical reactivity. This is most probably due to the phospholipids used as encapsulation material being prone to oxidation, which may actively contribute to the oxidative process. These aspects are normally not taken into account but we showed that they are of utmost importance, and should be taken as a starting point in the design of delivery systems. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Absence of Intestinal Microbiota during Gestation and Lactation Does Not Alter the Metabolic Response to a Western‐type Diet in Adulthood
Authors: Lohuis Mirjam A. M. , Werkman Cornelieke C. N. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Tietge Uwe J. F. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: November 2018

ScopeMicrobiota composition in early life is implied to affect the risk to develop obesity in adulthood. It is unclear whether this risk is due to long‐lasting microbiome‐induced changes in host metabolism. This study aims to identify whether the presence or total absence of early‐life microbiota affects host metabolism in adulthood.Methods and resultsThe effects of a germ‐free (Former GF) versus conventional status during gestation and lactation on the metabolic status in adult offspring are compared. Upon conventionalization at weaning, all mice were metabolically challenged with a Western‐type diet (WTD) at 10 weeks age. Between age 10 and 30 weeks, a former GF status does not notably affect overall body weight gain, cholesterol metabolism, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity at adult age. However, Former GF mice have lower bile flow and bile acid secretion in adulthood, but similar bile acid composition.ConclusionsA germ‐free status during gestation and lactation does not substantially affect key parameters of the metabolic status before 10 weeks of age on chow diet or in adulthood following a WTD challenge. These data imply that microbiota in early life does not critically affect adult metabolic plasticity.
Reductive Metabolism of Xanthohumol and 8‐Prenylnaringenin by the Intestinal Bacterium Eubacterium ramulus
Authors: Paraiso Ines L. , Plagmann Layhna S. , Yang Liping , Zielke Ryszard , Gombart Adrian F. , Maier Claudia S. , Sikora Aleksandra E. , Blakemore Paul R. , Stevens Jan F. 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe intestinal microbiota transforms a wide range of available substrates, including polyphenols. Microbial catabolites of polyphenols can contribute in significant ways to the health‐promoting properties of their parent polyphenols. This work aims to identify intestinal metabolites of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer, as well as to identify pathways of metabolism of XN in the gut.Methods and resultsTo investigate intestinal metabolism, XN and related prenylated flavonoids, isoxanthohumol (IX), and 8‐prenylnaringenin (8PN) were added to growing cultures of intestinal bacteria, Eubacterium ramulus and E. limosum. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify metabolites of the flavonoids from the cultures. The metabolic capacity of E. limosum appears to be limited to O‐demethylation. Evidence from the study indicates that E. ramulus hydrogenates XN to form α,β‐dihydroxanthohumol (DXN) and metabolizes the potent phytoestrogen 8PN into the chalcones, O‐desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) and O‐desmethyl‐α,β‐dihydroxanthohumol (DDXN).ConclusionMicrobial metabolism is likely to affect both activity and toxicity of XN and derivatives. This study along with others highlights that attention should be focused on metabolites, in particular, products of intestinal microbial metabolism.
Deciphering the Human Gut Microbiome of Urolithin Metabotypes: Association with Enterotypes and Potential Cardiometabolic Health Implications
Authors: Romo‐Vaquero María , Cortés‐Martín Adrián , Loria‐Kohen Viviana , Ramírez‐de‐Molina Ana , García‐Mantrana Izaskun , Collado María Carmen , Espín Juan Carlos , Selma María Victoria 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe gut microbiota ellagitannin‐metabolizing phenotypes (i.e., urolithin metabotypes [UMs]) are proposed as potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers because the host blood lipid profile is reported to be associated with specific UMs. However, the link for this association remains unknown so far.Methods and ResultsThe gut microbiome of 249 healthy individuals is analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Individuals are also stratified by UMs (UM‐A, UM‐B, and UM‐0) and enterotypes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus). Associations of UMs discriminating bacteria with CVD risk markers are investigated. Distribution and gut microbiota composition of UMs and enterotypes are not coincident. Almost half of the discriminating genera between UM‐A and UM‐B belongs to the Coriobacteriaceae family. UM‐B individuals present higher blood cholesterol levels and higher alpha‐diversity, including Coriobacteriaceae family, than those of UM‐A. Coriobacteriaceae, whose abundance is the highest in UM‐B, is positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and body mass index.ConclusionsResults herein suggest that the family Coriobacteriaceae could be a link between individuals’ UMs and their blood cholesterol levels. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the host metabolic phenotype, including cholesterol excretion products, to modulate this bacterial family.
A self‐diplexing MIMO antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Nandi Sourav , Mohan Akhilesh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis letter presents a slot‐based self‐diplexing MIMO (multiple‐input multiple‐output) antenna for dual‐band operation. In the first step, a self‐diplexing antenna is designed with two microstrip fed quarter wavelength slot‐antenna elements. Next, this self‐diplexing antenna is replicated to obtain the characteristics of a MIMO antenna. The designed self‐diplexing MIMO antenna with optimized dimensions operates at 5.1 GHz and 5.7 GHz. The peak gains obtained at two frequencies are 2.02 dBi and 2.96 dBi. Minimum isolation at both the operating bands is better than 15 dB. The proposed antenna offers a frequency ratio of 1‐1.62.
A 0.61‐2.39 GHz fully tunable bandpass filter with minimum number of loaded varactors
Authors: Lan Bo‐Zhang , Li Hai‐Xiong , Guo Chen‐Jiang , Ding Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 2‐pole fully tunable bandpass filter (BPF) with only two varactors implemented is proposed in this paper. The ultra‐wide center frequency (CF) tuning range is built on short‐ended stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs). Two varactors are placed at the symmetrical plane of the filter in series and shunt configurations, according to the odd‐even mode analysis the CF and bandwidth (BW) of the passband can be tuned independently without adding any redundant tuning elements. The CF of the proposed filter can be tuned from 0.61 to 2.39 GHz. The 3 dB BW tuning range is 150‐260 MHz at the lower side and 290‐520 MHz at the upper side of the entire passband tuning range. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results.
Design of broadband circularly polarized antenna via loading coupled rotated dipoles
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Li Yapeng , Wang Le , Tang Zhaoyang , Yin Yingzeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with coupled rotated dipoles is presented. A pair of coupled rotated dipoles and four coupled pads are the key components of the antenna to expand the working bandwidth. The pair of coupled dipoles, sequentially rotating around the crossed dipole, is employed to induce new resonance to enhance the operation bandwidth. To further improve the bandwidth, four coupled pads grounded by metal posts are introduced to generate an additional resonance. The simulated prototype was fabricated and measured to confirm the correctness of the design. The results demonstrate that the antenna obtains a broad impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 95.0% (1.16‐3.26 GHz) for |S11| < −10 dB and a wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 85.5% (1.24‐3.09 GHz). More importantly, it has a good unidirectional right‐hand circular polarized (RHCP) radiation pattern with an excellent performance in 3 dB gain bandwidth of 78.0% (1.25‐2.85 GHz).