bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Assessment of Natural Hydrocarbon Gas Flux at the Coal Oil Point Seep Field, Santa Barbara, California
Authors: Padilla A. M. , Loranger S. , Kinnaman F. S. , Valentine D. L. , Weber T. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Coal Oil Point seep field is among the most active and studied hydrocarbon seep fields in the world. The water column of the Coal Oil Point seep field was acoustically surveyed from 31 August to 14 September 2016 with a 200‐kHz split‐beam echo sounder to map the distribution of natural hydrocarbons in the region. An in situ direct capture device was used to measure the volumetric gas flux of natural hydrocarbons for three localized seep sites while simultaneously collecting acoustic volume backscatter measurements of the hydrocarbons within the water column. The acoustic volume backscatter was calibrated with the measured volumetric gas flux, and the resulting relationship was used to determine flux over the entire seep field. The estimate of integrated volumetric gas flow rate over a survey area of approximately 4.1 km2 was 23,800 m3/day. The estimates of integrated volumetric gas flow rate and volumetric gas flux were compared to measurements reported in previous studies and were 2 to 7 times smaller than results obtained by Hornafius et al. (1999, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900148), which had a total survey area of 18 km2. However, differences between methodologies limit the ability to assess natural variability in the Coal Oil Point seep field.
Significant Organic Carbon Accumulation in Two Coastal Acid Sulfate Soil Wetlands
Authors: Brown Dylan R. , Johnston Scott G. , Santos Isaac R. , Holloway Ceylena J. , Sanders Christian J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRestoring degraded freshwater wetlands may help to maximize soil carbon sequestration. In this study, we use 18 210Pb‐dated sediment cores to determine the organic carbon (OC) accumulation rates from two hydrologically restored freshwater coastal acid sulfate soil (CASS) wetlands. Recent OC accumulation rates (from ~1980 to present) were estimated to be 251 ± 26 g·m−2·year−1 in the seasonally inundated CASS and 227 ± 50 g·m−2·year−1 in the permanently inundated CASS. The average OC accumulation during the previous century (190 ± 20 g·m−2·year−1) was within the range of blue carbon ecosystems (saltmarshes, mangroves, and seagrasses). Considering their large area and carbon accumulation rate, we estimate that Australian CASS wetlands sequester approximately 7.8 ± 0.8 Tg of carbon annually, which is equivalent to ~8% of the CO2 emission from fossil fuels in Australia. Hence, preserving or restoring CASS may be a good climate change mitigation strategy.
Role of carbonate burial in Blue Carbon budgets
Authors: Saderne V. , Geraldi N. R. , Macreadie P. I. , Maher D. T. , Middelburg J. J. , Serrano O. , Almahasheer H. , Arias-Ortiz A. , Cusack M. , Eyre B. D. , Fourqurean J. W. , Kennedy H. , Krause-Jensen D. , Kuwae T. , Lavery P. S. , Lovelock C. E. , Marba N. , Masqué P. , Mateo M. A. , Mazarrasa I. , McGlathery K. J. , Oreska M. P. J. , Sanders C. J. , Santos I. R. , Smoak J. M. , Tanaya T. , Watanabe K. , Duarte C. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCalcium carbonates (CaCO3) often accumulate in mangrove and seagrass sediments. As CaCO3 production emits CO2, there is concern that this may partially offset the role of Blue Carbon ecosystems as CO2 sinks through the burial of organic carbon (Corg). A global collection of data on inorganic carbon burial rates (Cinorg, 12% of CaCO3 mass) revealed global rates of 0.8 TgCinorg yr−1 and 15–62 TgCinorg yr−1 in mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, respectively. In seagrass, CaCO3 burial may correspond to an offset of 30% of the net CO2 sequestration. However, a mass balance assessment highlights that the Cinorg burial is mainly supported by inputs from adjacent ecosystems rather than by local calcification, and that Blue Carbon ecosystems are sites of net CaCO3 dissolution. Hence, CaCO3 burial in Blue Carbon ecosystems contribute to seabed elevation and therefore buffers sea-level rise, without undermining their role as CO2 sinks.
Topologically enhanced harmonic generation in a nonlinear transmission line metamaterial
Authors: Wang You , Lang Li-Jun , Lee Ching Hua , Zhang Baile , Chong Y. D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) are nonlinear electronic circuits used for parametric amplification and pulse generation, and it is known that left-handed NLTLs support enhanced harmonic generation while suppressing shock wave formation. We show experimentally that in a left-handed NLTL analogue of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattice, harmonic generation is greatly increased by the presence of a topological edge state. Previous studies of nonlinear SSH circuits focused on solitonic behaviours at the fundamental harmonic. Here, we show that a topological edge mode at the first harmonic can produce strong propagating higher-harmonic signals, acting as a nonlocal cross-phase nonlinearity. We find maximum third-harmonic signal intensities five times that of a comparable conventional left-handed NLTL, and a 250-fold intensity contrast between topologically nontrivial and trivial configurations. This work advances the fundamental understanding of nonlinear topological states, and may have applications for compact electronic frequency generators.
Mesoscopic and microscopic imaging of sensory responses in the same animal
Authors: Boido Davide , Rungta Ravi L. , Osmanski Bruno-Félix , Roche Morgane , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Le Bihan Denis , Ciobanu Luisa , Charpak Serge 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImaging based on blood flow dynamics is widely used to study sensory processing. Here we investigated the extent to which local neuronal and capillary responses (two-photon microscopy) are correlated to mesoscopic responses detected with fast ultrasound (fUS) and BOLD-fMRI. Using a specialized chronic olfactory bulb preparation, we report that sequential imaging of the same mouse allows quantitative comparison of odour responses, imaged at both microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Under these conditions, functional hyperaemia occurred at the threshold of neuronal activation and fUS-CBV signals could be detected at the level of single voxels with activation maps varying according to blood velocity. Both neuronal and vascular responses increase non-linearly as a function of odour concentration, whereas both microscopic and mesoscopic vascular responses are linearly correlated to local neuronal calcium. These data establish strengths and limits of mesoscopic imaging techniques to report neural activity.
Impacts of alkaline on the defects property and crystallization kinetics in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Yihua , Li Nengxu , Wang Ligang , Li Liang , Xu Ziqi , Jiao Haoyang , Liu Pengfei , Zhu Cheng , Zai Huachao , Sun Mingzi , Zou Wei , Zhang Shuai , Xing Guichuan , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Jianpu , Li Dongdong , Huang Bolong , Chen Qi , Zhou Huanping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFurther minimizing the defect state density in the semiconducting absorber is vital to boost the power conversion efficiency of solar cells approaching Shockley-Queisser limit. However, it lacks a general strategy to control the precursor chemistry for defects density reduction in the family of iodine based perovskite. Here the alkaline environment in precursor solution is carefully investigated as an effective parameter to suppress the incident iodine and affects the crystallization kinetics during film fabrication, via rationale adjustment of the alkalinity of additives. Especially, a ‘residual free’ weak alkaline is proposed not only to shrink the bandgap of the absorber by modulating the stoichiometry of organic cation, but also to improve the open circuit voltage in the resultant device. Consequently, the certified efficiency of 20.87% (Newport) is achieved with one of the smallest voltage deficits of 413 mV in the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell.
How long do floods throughout the millennium remain in the collective memory?
Authors: Fanta Václav , Šálek Miroslav , Sklenicka Petr 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIs there some kind of historical memory and folk wisdom that ensures that a community remembers about very extreme phenomena, such as catastrophic floods, and learns to establish new settlements in safer locations? We tested a unique set of empirical data on 1293 settlements founded in the course of nine centuries, during which time seven extreme floods occurred. For a period of one generation after each flood, new settlements appeared in safer places. However, respect for floods waned in the second generation and new settlements were established closer to the river. We conclude that flood memory depends on living witnesses, and fades away already within two generations. Historical memory is not sufficient to protect human settlements from the consequences of rare catastrophic floods.
Vapor dealloying of ultra-thin films: a promising concept for the fabrication of highly flexible transparent conductive metal nanomesh electrodes
Authors: Chauvin Adrien , Txia Cha Heu Willigis , Buh Joze , Tessier Pierre-Yves , El Mel Abdel-Aziz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe booming market of flexible electronic displays has urged the development of highly flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCE)1–3 with the ability to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films routinely used as transparent conductive electrodes in photoelectronic devices. The high cost of indium and the poor mechanical stability of ITO under deformation are the main driving forces behind the development of this research area.4 The use of metal nanomeshes as FTCE is a promising concept with a real potential to substitute ITO in photoelectronic devices.5,6 However, the development of a low-cost fabrication approach allowing producing metal nanomesh electrodes with competitive prices and a high performance remains a real bottleneck for the photoelectronic industry. In this paper, we report on a robust approach very easy to implement allowing producing highly flexible metal nanomesh electrodes with high performance at a very low cost. This approach lies on a concept consisting in applying dealloying process to ultra-thin Au-Cu alloy thin films using acidic vapors instead of a liquid phase as routinely done in the literature. Using an appropriate procedure, the nanomeshes can be transferred to any planar or curved support where they can serve as a FTCE. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that using this approach, one can easily fabricate gold nanomesh electrodes transferred onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface with 79% of transmittance and a sheet resistance as low as 44 Ω □−1 while maintaining exceptional stability under severe mechanical deformations.
Lithospheric flexure and rheology determined by climate cycle markers in the Corinth Rift
Authors: de Gelder Gino , Fernández-Blanco David , Melnick Daniel , Duclaux Guillaume , Bell Rebecca E. , Jara-Muñoz Julius , Armijo Rolando , Lacassin Robin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGeomorphic strain markers accumulating the effects of many earthquake cycles help to constrain the mechanical behaviour of continental rift systems as well as the related seismic hazards. In the Corinth Rift (Greece), the unique record of onshore and offshore markers of Pleistocene ~100-ka climate cycles provides an outstanding possibility to constrain rift mechanics over a range of timescales. Here we use high-resolution topography to analyse the 3D geometry of a sequence of Pleistocene emerged marine terraces associated with flexural rift-flank uplift. We integrate this onshore dataset with offshore seismic data to provide a synoptic view of the flexural deformation across the rift. This allows us to derive an average slip rate of 4.5–9.0 mm·yr−1 on the master fault over the past ~610 ka and an uplift/subsidence ratio of 1:1.1–2.4. We reproduce the observed flexure patterns, using 3 and 5-layered lithospheric scale finite element models. Modelling results imply that the observed elastic flexure is produced by coseismic slip along 40–60° planar normal faults in the elastic upper crust, followed by postseismic viscous relaxation occurring within the basal lower crust or upper mantle. We suggest that such a mechanism may typify rapid localised extension of continental lithosphere.
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose inhibits aggressive triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting glycolysis and the cancer stem cell phenotype
Authors: O’Neill Sadhbh , Porter Richard K. , McNamee Niamh , Martinez Vanesa G. , O’Driscoll Lorraine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDue to limited availability of pharmacological therapies, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype with worst outcome. We hypothesised that 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG), a glucose analogue, may hold potential as a therapy for particularly aggressive TNBC. We investigated 2-DG’s effects on TNBC cell line variants, Hs578T parental cells and their isogenic more aggressive Hs578Ts(i)8 variant, using migration, invasion and anoikis assays. We assessed their bioenergetics by Seahorse. We evaluated metabolic alterations using a Seahorse XF Analyzer, citrate synthase assay, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. We assessed the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype of the variants and 2-DG’s effects on CSCs. 2-DG significantly inhibited migration and invasion of Hs578Ts(i)8 versus Hs578T and significantly decreased their ability to resist anoikis. Investigating 2-DG’s preferential inhibitory effect on the more aggressive cells, we found Hs578Ts(i)8 also had significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis compared to Hs578T. This is likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction in Hs578Ts(i)8, shown by their significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, Hs578Ts(i)8 had a significantly increased proportion of cells with CSC phenotype, which was significantly decreased by 2-DG. 2-DG may have benefit as a therapy for TNBC with a particularly aggressive phenotype, by targeting increased glycolysis. Studies of more cell lines and patients’ specimens are warranted.
Modelling the impact of effective private provider engagement on tuberculosis control in urban India
Authors: Arinaminpathy Nimalan , Deo Sarang , Singh Simrita , Khaparde Sunil , Rao Raghuram , Vadera Bhavin , Kulshrestha Niraj , Gupta Devesh , Rade Kiran , Nair Sreenivas Achuthan , Dewan Puneet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn India, the country with the world’s largest burden of tuberculosis (TB), most patients first seek care in the private healthcare sector, which is fragmented and unregulated. Ongoing initiatives are demonstrating effective approaches for engaging with this sector, and form a central part of India’s recent National Strategic Plan: here we aimed to address their potential impact on TB transmission in urban settings, when taken to scale. We developed a mathematical model of TB transmission dynamics, calibrated to urban populations in Mumbai and Patna, two major cities in India where pilot interventions are currently ongoing. We found that, when taken to sufficient scale to capture 75% of patient-provider interactions, the intervention could reduce incidence by upto 21.3% (95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI) 13.0–32.5%) and 15.8% (95% CrI 7.8–28.2%) in Mumbai and Patna respectively, between 2018 and 2025. There is a stronger impact on TB mortality, with a reduction of up to 38.1% (95% CrI 20.0–55.1%) in the example of Mumbai. The incidence impact of this intervention alone may be limited by the amount of transmission that has already occurred by the time a patient first presents for care: model estimates suggest an initial patient delay of 4–5 months before first seeking care, followed by a diagnostic delay of 1–2 months before ultimately initiating TB treatment. Our results suggest that the transmission impact of such interventions could be maximised by additional measures to encourage early uptake of TB services.
Dental pulp cell-derived powerful inducer of TNF-α comprises PKR containing stress granule rich microvesicles
Authors: Suzuki Shigeki , Fukuda Takao , Nagayasu Shintaro , Nakanishi Jun , Yoshida Kazuma , Hirata-Tsuchiya Shizu , Nakao Yuki , Sano Tomomi , Yamashita Akiko , Yamada Satoru , Ohta Kouji , Shiba Hideki , Nishimura Fusanori 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is well known that dental pulp tissue can evoke some of the most severe acute inflammation observed in the human body. We found that dental pulp cells secrete a factor that induces tumor necrosis factor-α production from macrophages, and designated this factor, dental pulp cell-derived powerful inducer of TNF-α (DPIT). DPIT was induced in dental pulp cells and transported to recipient cells via microvesicles. Treatment of dental pulp cells with a PKR inhibitor markedly suppressed DPIT activity, and weak interferon signals were constitutively activated inside the cells. In recipient macrophages, stimulation with DPIT-containing supernatants from pulp cells resulted in activation of both nuclear factor-κB and MAP kinases like JNK and p38. Proteomics analyses revealed that many stress granule-related proteins were present in supernatants from dental pulp cells as well as microvesicle marker proteins like GAPDH, β-actin, HSPA8, HSPB1, HSPE1, and HSPD1. Furthermore, giant molecule AHNAK and PKR were detected in microvesicles derived from dental pulp cells, and gene silencing of AHNAK in dental pulp cells led to reduced DPIT activity. Thus, it appeared that the core protein of DPIT was PKR, and that PKR was maintained in an active state in stress granule aggregates with AHNAK and transported via microvesicles. The activity of DPIT for TNF-α induction was far superior to that of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Therefore, we, report for the first time, that active PKR is transported via microvesicles as stress granule aggregates and induces powerful inflammatory signals in macrophages.
Emergency Department Visits and Disease Burden Attributable to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Elderly Adults
Authors: Hsieh Vivian Chia-Rong , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Chiang Jen-Huai , Chien Andy , Hsieh Ming-Shun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany countries worldwide are aging rapidly, and the complex care needs of older adults generate an unprecedented demand for health services. Common reasons for elderly emergency department (ED) visits frequently involve conditions triggered by preventable infections also known as ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). This study aims to describe the trend and the associated disease burden attributable to ACSC-related ED visits made by elderly patients and to characterize their ED use by nursing home residence. We designed a population-based ecological study using administrative data on Taiwan EDs between 2002 and 2013. A total of 563,647 ED visits from individuals aged 65 or over were examined. All elderly ED visits due to ACSCs (tuberculosis, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, sepsis, cellulitis and urinary tract infection (UTI)) were further identified. Subsequent hospital admissions, related deaths after discharge, total health care costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were compared among different ACSCs. Prevalence of ACSCs was then assessed between nursing home (NH) residents and non-NH residents. Within the 12-year observation period, we find that there was a steady increase in both the rate of ACSC ED visits and the proportion of elderly with a visit. Overall, pneumonia is the most prevalent among six ACSCs for elderly ED visits (2.10%; 2.06 to 2.14), subsequent hospital admissions (5.77%; 5.59 to 5.94) and associated mortality following admission (17.37%; 16.74 to 18.01). UTI is the second prevalent ACSC consistently across ED visits (2.02%; 1.98 to 2.05), subsequent hospital admissions (2.36%, 2.25 to 2.48) and mortality following admission (10.80%; 10.28 to 11.32). Sepsis ranks third highest in the proportion of hospitalization following ED visit (2.29%; 2.18 to 2.41) and related deaths after hospital discharge (7.39%; 6.95 to 7.83), but it accounts for the highest average total health care expenditure (NT$94,595 ± 120,239; ≈US$3185.02) per case. When examining the likelihood of ACSC-attributable ED use, significantly higher odds were observed in NH residents as compared with non-NH residents for: pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.50–5.58); UTI (aOR: 4.44, 95% CI 3.97–4.98); sepsis (aOR: 3.54, 95% CI 3.06–4.10); and tuberculosis (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.63–3.65). Here we examined the ACSC-related ED care and found that, among the six ACSCs studied, pneumonia, UTI and sepsis were the leading causes of ED visits, subsequent hospital admissions, related mortality, health care costs and DALYs in Taiwanese NH elderly adults. Our findings suggest that efficient monitoring and reinforcing of quality of care in the residential and community setting might substantially reduce the number of preventable elderly ED visits and alleviate strain on the health care system.
Recrystallization as the governing mechanism of ion track formation
Authors: Rymzhanov R. A. , Medvedev N. , O’Connell J. H. , Janse van Vuuren A. , Skuratov V. A. , Volkov A. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResponse of dielectric crystals: MgO, Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 (YAG) to irradiation with 167 MeV Xe ions decelerating in the electronic stopping regime is studied. Comprehensive simulations demonstrated that despite similar ion energy losses and the initial excitation kinetics of the electronic systems and lattices, significant differences occur among final structures of ion tracks in these materials, supported by experiments. No ion tracks appeared in MgO, whereas discontinuous distorted crystalline tracks of ~2 nm in diameter were observed in Al2O3 and continuous amorphous tracks were detected in YAG. These track structures in Al2O3 and YAG were confirmed by high resolution TEM data. The simulations enabled us to identify recrystallization as the dominant mechanism governing formation of detected tracks in these oxides. We analyzed effects of the viscosity in molten state, lattice structure and difference in the kinetics of metallic and oxygen sublattices at the crystallization surface on damage recovery in tracks.
Species distribution and antifungal drug susceptibilities of yeasts isolated from the blood samples of patients with candidemia
Authors: Lindberg Erika , Hammarström Helena , Ataollahy Nasser , Kondori Nahid 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCandida albicans is the most frequently isolated fungal species in hospital settings worldwide. However, non-albicans Candida species with decreased susceptibility to antifungals have emerged as an important cause of fungemia. The aims of this study were to determine the species distribution of fungi isolated from the blood samples of patients at a Swedish University Hospital and to define the in vitro susceptibilities of these isolates to nine antifungal agents. In total, 233 yeast isolates from 143 patients were included in this study. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using broth dilution Sensititre YeastOne panels, which comprised amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. The most common species in all age groups was C. albicans (n = 93, 65%), followed by C. glabrata (n = 27, 19%) and C. parapsilosis (n = 15, 10%). C. glabrata was mostly found in elderly individuals, while C. parapsilosis was found mainly in young children (p = 0.008). Antifungal resistance was low in the Candida species, except for reduced susceptibility to fluconazole among C. glabrata strains. C. albicans is the most frequent colonizer of Swedish patients. In general antifungal resistance is uncommon in Candida species. Nevertheless, reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole and echinocandins were found in C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, respectively.