bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Structure of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere during Parker Solar Probe's First Perihelion Pass
Authors: Riley Pete , Downs Cooper , Linker Jon A. , Mikic Zoran , Lionello Roberto , Caplan Ronald M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft reached its first perihelion of 35.7 solar radii on 2018 November 5. To aid in mission planning, and in anticipation of the unprecedented measurements to be returned, in late October, we developed a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solution for the solar corona and inner heliosphere, driven by the then available observations of the Sun’s photospheric magnetic field. Our model incorporates a wave-turbulence-driven model to heat the corona. Here, we present our predictions for the structure of the solar corona and the likely in situ measurements that PSP will be returning over the next few months. We infer that, in the days prior to first encounter, PSP was immersed in wind emanating from a well-established, positive-polarity northern polar coronal hole. During the encounter, however, field lines from the spacecraft mapped to a negative-polarity equatorial coronal hole, within which it remained for the entire encounter, before becoming magnetically connected to a positive-polarity equatorial coronal hole. When the PSP data become available, these model results can be used to assist in their calibration and interpretation, and, additionally, provide a global context for interpreting the localized in situ measurements. In particular, we can identify what types of solar wind PSP encountered, what the underlying magnetic structure was, and how complexities in the orbital trajectory can be interpreted within a global, inertial frame. Ultimately, the measurements returned by PSP can be used to constrain current theories for heating the solar corona and accelerating the solar wind.
Hepatoprotective effect of opioid peptides in stress
Authors: Solin Alexey V. , Lyashev Yuri D. , Tsygan Nikolay V. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Influence of the endogenous opioid system on the liver has not been studied enough. To understand the damaging effects of stress on the liver and the hepatoprotective effects of opioids, a study was performed on stress-re- sistant and stress-susceptible animals.
Materials and methods: The investigation was performed on 725 Wistar male-rats. Various types of stress were mod- eled: acute immobilization stress of various duration (3, 6 and 12 hours), chronic stress of limited mobility, swimming stress and traumatic stress (resection of 70% of the liver). Agonists of various types of opioid receptors in equimolar doses were injected to stressed animals at equimolar doses: DAGO – a mu-receptor agonist – at a dose of 6.3 mcg/kg, DSLET – a delta-receptor agonist – at a dose of 10 mcg/kg, and kappa receptor agonist dynorphin A (1-13) – at a dose of 20.1 mcg/kg.
Results and discussion: The stress-limiting action of the studied opioids is characterized by the reduced hepatocyte dystrophy, microcirculation correction, a decreased concentration of lipid peroxidation metabolites, a suppressed cy-tolytic syndrome, a stimulated synthetic ability of the liver, and is more pronounced in stress- susceptible animals.
The greatest stress-protective effect is shown after administering dynorphin A (1-13) in immobilization stress, and DAGO – in swimming stress. Dynorphin A (1-13) and DAGO manifested the most pronounced effect on the liver regeneration after resection. A preliminary stress simulation accelerates liver regeneration at the initial stage after re- section.
Conclusion: The hepatoprotective effect of opioids in stress depends on the typological peculiarities of animals. The results obtained offer a challenge of synthesizing new hepatoprotectors.
Balancing the Roles of a Junior Faculty Member: Perspectives from Athletic Training and Physical Therapy
Authors: Barrett Jessica L. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Nottingham Sara L. 
Published: March 2019

ContextThe role of a faculty member in higher education includes engaging in the 3 facets of research, service, and teaching. Allied health faculty members face additional responsibilities such as administration, patient care, and addressing external accreditation. It is not understood how junior faculty members balance these multiple roles.ObjectiveGain an understanding of athletic training and physical therapy junior faculty members' ability to find and maintain role balance.DesignQualitative phenomenology.SettingAccredited athletic training and physical therapy programs.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty-six participants—13 physical therapists (7 male, 6 female) and 13 athletic trainers (4 male, 9 female)—completed interviews. All participants held academic terminal degrees (21 doctor of philosophy, 5 doctor of education).Main Outcome Measure(s)Data were collected using a one-on-one semistructured phone interview, which was digitally recorded and professionally transcribed. Following saturation, data were analyzed using the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. Trustworthiness was ensured through peer review, multiple analyst triangulation, and member checking.ResultsTwo primary themes were identified: role overload and strategies. Role overload describes overwhelming responsibilities placed on junior faculty and the conflict they face when attempting to balance each of these responsibilities. Strategies articulate the participants' reliance on time management, scheduling and planning, and keeping work and home lives separate.ConclusionsJunior faculty members are overloaded by the plethora of responsibilities they must assume, causing role strain. The time-management techniques of scheduling and planning allow junior faculty members to attempt to balance their roles by designating chunks of time for each responsibility. They also keep their work and home lives separate to buffer the strain. Though faculty members have developed adaptations, the primary way to reduce role overload is to decrease the number of duties for which they are responsible.
Postprofessional Learners' Reflections After a Standardized Patient Encounter and Debriefing Session
Authors: Bush Joshua M. , Walker Stacy E. , Sims-Koenig Kristen N. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: March 2019

ContextSimulations are commonly used in medical education to facilitate instructional and assessment experiences for learners. Standardized patients (SPs) are a form of simulation with actors trained to present conditions that occur in health care. The most important feature in simulation-based education is feedback; one form of group feedback is debriefing, intended to improve learning, future performance, and patient outcomes.ObjectiveTo explore reflections on learning after an SP encounter and debriefing session.DesignAction research design with consensual qualitative research tradition.SettingOne Midwestern University.Patients or Other ParticipantsSeventeen postprofessional doctor of athletic training students with no previous experience with SPs (age = 25 ± 4 years; male = 5, 29.4%, female = 12, 70.6%; highest degree earned professional bachelor's = 12, 70.6% and postprofessional master's = 5, 29.4%, experience = 24.8 ± 30.5 months).Main Outcome Measure(s)Participants completed 1 of 3 SP encounters and the following day engaged in a diamond-debriefing session. After both the SP encounter and debriefing session, participants completed a 5-item open-ended questionnaire. The open-ended questions asked participants to self-reflect on what they learned after the SP encounter and the debriefing session. The questions were evaluated by a panel of qualitative researchers for content and face validity. Consensual qualitative research data analysis approach was used to analyze all open-ended responses.ResultsOur qualitative analysis revealed that reflections after both the SP encounter and debriefing session revolved around 3 overarching themes: organization of clinical exam, vulnerability, and patient-centered care.ConclusionsThe SP encounter and diamond-debriefing technique did facilitate self-reflection and inform and motivate learners to alter their future approach to patient-centered care. Future research could explore if reflection would differ if it occurred immediately after an SP encounter or 1 day after SP encounter.
Student Perceptions of Standardized Patient Use in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Gardiner Allison M. , Cuchna Jennifer W. , Walker Stacy E. , Clines Stephanie , Welch-Bacon Cailee E. , Van Lunen Bonnie 
Published: March 2019

Context
Though commonplace in medical education, standardized patients (SPs) have only recently been introduced into athletic training curricula. Limited research exists on students' perceptions of SPs as an evaluative and learning tool.

Objective
To determine how students interact with SPs within their curricula and to explore students' perceptions of SP experiences.

Design
Consensual qualitative research.

Setting
Individual phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Nine athletic training students (5 professional baccalaureate, 4 professional postbaccalaureate; 8 females, 1 male; age = 23.89 ± 3.33 years) enrolled in the final semester of their program.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Semistructured interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded into themes and categories. To ensure trustworthiness, we used member checks and multiple analyst triangulation.

Results
Two themes emerged regarding the perceptions of the SP experiences: (1) encounter characteristics and (2) perceived value. Participants described typical SP encounter characteristics, including the environment where they occurred and the format and content of the encounter. Standardized patients were used to provide exposure to orthopaedic evaluation, general medical conditions, and emergency situations. Students felt SPs were valuable for improving both clinical and soft skills. Most participants felt the encounters were authentic and that they were able to transfer skills learned into their clinical practice. Students expressed desire for more SP encounters throughout their curriculum to increase preparedness for clinical practice. Challenges associated with SP experiences included difficulty interacting with peers in group encounters and limitations in the accuracy of the portrayals. Overall, participants perceived SP encounters to be positive and worthwhile experiences.

Conclusions
Programs should ensure that SP experiences are authentic, applicable, and emphasize the development of soft skills, such as communication. Based on the demonstrated benefits of SP encounters for students, athletic training faculty should consider exploring ways to incorporate SPs into their curricula.
Repeatability characteristics of insulin response patterns and measures of insulin resistance
Authors: Crofts Catherine A.P. , Wheldon Mark C. , Zinn Caryn , Merien Fabrice , Schofield Grant 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hyperinsulinaemia is emerging as an independent risk factor for metabolic disease, but diagnostic measures are limited. It is plausible that insulin resistance measures, such as homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) type 2 variants, may model hyperinsulinaemia, but repeatability data are limited. Kraft and Hayashi insulin response patterns may not only add value in diagnosing hyperinsulinaemia, but also lack suitable repeatability data.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability of insulin response patterns, and fasting and dynamic measures of insulin resistance, and to determine whether these latter measures can predict the insulin response pattern.Setting: This study was conducted at Auckland University of Technology Millennium Institute’s sports performance laboratories.Methods: Oral glucose (100 g) tolerance tests were conducted weekly on eight people. Six people completed four tests, while two completed at least two tests. Each test assessed insulin resistance and response patterns. Insulin resistance measures included fasting tests (HOMA2, McAuley Index) and a dynamic test (oral glucose insulin sensitivity [OGIS]). The insulin response patterns were assessed with both Kraft and Hayashi methodologies. Repeatability characteristics of ordinal variables were assessed by Bland and Altman methods, while Fleiss’ κ was applied to categorical variables.Results: Fasting measures of insulin resistance recorded poor repeatability (HOMA2) or poor sensitivity (McAuley Index) compared to the dynamic measure (OGIS). Kraft insulin response patterns were more repeatable compared to Hayashi patterns, based on a combination of Fleiss’ κ (0.290 vs. 0.186,) p-value (0.15 vs. 0.798) and 95% confidence intervals.Conclusions: Both hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance should be dynamically assessed with a multi-sampled oral glucose tolerance test. Further investigations are required to confirm a preferred methodology.
Heisenberg Modules over Quantum 2-tori are Metrized Quantum Vector Bundles
Authors: Latrémolière Frédéric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe modular Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity is a distance on classes of modules endowed with quantum metric information, in the form of a metric form of a connection and a left Hilbert module structure. This paper proves that the family of Heisenberg modules over quantum two tori, when endowed with their canonical connections, form a family of metrized quantum vector bundles, as a first step in proving that Heisenberg modules form a continuous family for the modular Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity.
Influence of adding fibrolytic enzymes on the ruminal fermentation of date palm by-products
Authors: Abid Khalil , Jabri Jihene , Beckers Yves , Yaich Hela , Malek Atef , Rekhis Jamel , Kamoun Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This study was conducted in order to assess the influence of four doses (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg (g dry matter)−1 of commercial fibrolytic enzymes (MAXFIBER-I®, SHAUMANN GmbH, Wahlstedt, Germany) on in vitro fermentation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) by-products: date kernels, wasted dates, floral stems, and palm fronds. Rumen contents were obtained from two non-lactating Holstein cows. Enzyme supplementation to by-products was carried out 12 h prior to incubation. Compared to the control, the enzymatic supplementation quadratically increased the extent but not the gas production rate of date kernel fermentation. Indeed, the potential gas production increased notably by 14.8 % with the lowest enzymes dose following recorded gas production after 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The estimated organic-matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, and total volatile fatty acids in the incubation fluid tended to be increased with the lowest dose by 7.8 %, 8.4 %, and 13.9 % respectively. For the wasted dates, this feed additive tended to linearly increase the gas production rate of fermentation with the highest dose. On the other hand, this supplementation had no effect on the ruminal fermentation of the floral stems and palm fronds. The exogenous fibrolytic enzymes were more effective on fibrous but not on lignified date palm by-products.
Behaviour of domestic rabbits during 2 weeks after weaning
Authors: Kaźmierczak Sandra , Cwojdzińska Aleksandra , Górecki Marcin T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Thirty three rabbits from five litters that were weaned at the age of 5 weeks were observed. The animals were kept in pens that were enriched with an elevation made of bricks. In total, 150 h of observations made at feeding time (07:30–10:00 and 18:00–20:30 LT, local time) were analysed. A number of affiliative, exploratory, comfort, eating, resting and locomotor behaviours were observed. Agonistic behaviour was not observed. Rabbits showed companion and location preferences: 56 % of animals had a preferred companion, and 84 % preferred a particular place in the pen. Significant effects of group size and time of day on the frequency of some forms of behaviour were found, e.g. rabbits performed comfort behaviours more often in the morning. Sex did not influence the rabbits' behaviour. Correlations were also found between different forms of behaviour, e.g. animals that performed more exploratory behaviours also showed more locomotor behaviours and affiliative interactions.
Genetic diversity of &lt;i&gt;κ&lt;/i&gt;-casein (&lt;i&gt;CSN3&lt;/i&gt;) and lactoferrin (&lt;i&gt;LTF&lt;/i&gt;) genes in the endangered Turkish donkey (&lt;i&gt;Equus asinus&lt;/i&gt;) populations
Authors: Özdil Fulya , Bulut Hasan , Işık Raziye 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this study, the κ-casein (CSN3) and lactoferrin
(LTF) genes which were found in association with milk production
traits in different animal species were studied firstly in Turkish donkey
populations. A total of 108 donkeys from different regions of Turkey were
used in order to reveal the different genotypes of CSN3 and
LTF genes by using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment
length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. To determine the
genetic polymorphism, we attempted to digest a fragment of 235 bp of the
CSN3 gene and a fragment of 751 bp of the LTF gene using
PstI, and DraII, EagI and MboI
restriction enzymes, respectively. Neither the CSN3 gene nor the
LTF gene had enzyme recognition sites with the PstI,
DraII and MboI restriction enzymes in all of the studied
samples. However, the LTF gene was only distinguished with the
EagI restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified in the
LTF gene with the EagI restriction enzyme: GG homozygotes
(667, 84 bp), AG heterozygotes (751; 667, 84 bp) and AA homozygotes
(751 bp). The transition from guanine to adenine in 89 bp of the
LTF gene lacks the restriction site and different genotypes are
obtained. This novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been firstly
detected in donkeys. According to the results, the G allele was predominant
in the LTF-EagI gene in the studied Turkish donkey populations. In
this study, all the genotype distributions of LTF-EagI were not
found in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). The CSN3
and LTF genes have not been studied before in donkeys, so the
results are the preliminary results of these gene regions in donkeys.
The Role of Counseling Service Center and Its Implementation in Madda Walabu University: Qualitative Research
Authors: Getachew Abera , Daniel Gobena , Abayineh Sisay 
Published: March 2019

Background: University students often face challenges to adjust to a new environment. The challenges include: - adjustment to university, peer groups, and new academic atmosphere. These challenges possibly lead students to personal crisis, emotional disturbance, stress, and academic failure. Counseling service can help mitigate adjustment problem facing university students. The main objective of this study is to identify the roles of counseling service center and its implementation in Madda Walabu University (MWU).Methods: Explorative qualitative research was conducted on Madda Walabu University (MWU) students’ counselor and concerned management bodies in March 2016. Accordingly, four management bodies; the President, the Academic Vice President, the Student Dean and Student Counselor were purposefully selected for in-depth interview. Besides, international, national and organizational documents were analyzed on thematic basis.Results: Result of study showed that the counseling center of MWU lacked intra-organization network, administrative independence and autonomy. Besides, the service providers were not counselors by profession; the center did not have network with relevant domestic and international organizations, and there was poor client data base management. In addition, MWU counseling center fell short to meet national and international standards.Conclusion: There is increased need for counseling service in university. Standardization of counseling service center, allocation of sufficient materials and human resources, collaboration with relevant bodies is needed to improve the role and practice of the center. Lastly, the importance of crisis interventions, professional development, and academic skills training are recommended to be included under the functions of the center.
Evaluation of a toxoid fusion protein vaccine produced in plants to protect poultry against necrotic enteritis
Authors: Hunter Joseph G.L. , Wilde Shyra , Tafoya Amanda M. , Horsman Jamie , Yousif Miranda , Diamos Andrew G. , Roland Kenneth L. , Mason Hugh S. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundNecrotic enteritis (NE) is caused by type A strains of the bacteriumClostridium perfringens. Total global economic losses to the poultry industry due to NE is estimated to be over two billion dollars annually. Traditionally, NE has been effectively controlled by inclusion of antibiotics in the diet of poultry. However, recent concerns regarding the impact of this practice on increasing antibiotic resistance in human pathogens have led us to consider alternative approaches, such as vaccination, for controlling this disease. NE strains ofC. perfringensproduce two major toxins, a-toxin and NetB. Immune responses against either toxin can provide partial protection against NE.MethodsWe have developed a fusion protein combining a non-toxic carboxyl-terminal domain of a-toxin (PlcC) and an attenuated, mutant form of NetB (NetB-W262A) for use as a vaccine antigen to immunize poultry against NE. We utilized a DNA sequence that was codon-optimized forNicotiana benthamianato enable high levels of expression. The 6-His tagged PlcC-NetB fusion protein was synthesized inN. benthamianausing a geminiviral replicon transient expression system, purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used to immunize broiler birds.ResultsImmunized birds produced a strong serum IgY response against both the plant produced PlcC-NetB protein and against bacterially produced His-PlcC and His-NetB. Immunized birds were significantly protected against a subsequent in-feed challenge with virulentC. perfringenswhen treated with the fusion protein. These results indicate that a plant-produced PlcC-NetB toxoid is a promising vaccine candidate for controlling NE in poultry.
Comparison of the fecal microbiota of two free-ranging Chinese subspecies of the leopard (Panthera pardus) using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Han Siyu , Guan Yu , Dou Hailong , Yang Haitao , Yao Meng , Ge Jianping , Feng Limin 
Published: March 2019

The analysis of gut microbiota using fecal samples provides a non-invasive approach to understand the complex interactions between host species and their intestinal bacterial community. However, information on gut microbiota for wild endangered carnivores is scarce. The goal of this study was to describe the gut microbiota of two leopard subspecies, the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) and North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Fecal samples from the Amur leopard (n = 8) and North Chinese leopard (n = 13) were collected in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park and Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in China, respectively. The gut microbiota of leopards was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Life Ion S5™ XL platform. A total of 1,413,825 clean reads representing 4,203 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. For Amur leopard samples, Firmicutes (78.4%) was the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (9.6%) and Actinobacteria (7.6%). And for the North Chinese leopard, Firmicutes (68.6%), Actinobacteria (11.6%) and Fusobacteria (6.4%) were the most predominant phyla. Clostridiales was the most diverse bacterial order with 37.9% for Amur leopard and 45.7% for North Chinese leopard. Based on the beta-diversity analysis, no significant difference was found in the bacterial community composition between the Amur leopard and North Chinese leopard samples. The current study provides the initial data about the composition and structure of the gut microbiota for wild Amur leopards and North Chinese leopards, and has laid the foundation for further investigations of the health, dietary preferences and physiological regulation of leopards.