bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Nutrients and Anti Nutrients Composition of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus cruentus
Authors: Chechet Kahu Jerry , Charles Umeh Chisom 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizers on the nutrients and anti nutrients composition of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452).
Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used for the experiment.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the nursery of a homestead garden at No 20, Isaiah Balat Street, Sabo GRA, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study consists of seven treatments which includes control (no fertilizer), 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 poultry manure, 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 sewage sludge, 35 kg ha-1 and 70 kg ha-1 NPK compound fertilizer and also with two varieties; Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452) with factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. At maturity, the leaves were harvested and prepared for laboratory analysis for both nutrients and anti-nutrient composition. Proximate composition was determined according to A.O.A.C protocol. Water soluble vitamins were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while the metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
Results: The ash, moisture, fat, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and energy of the two varieties were found in the range of 2.58 - 3.06%, 78.78 - 80.69%, 1.04 - 1.49%, 7.49 - 9.67%, 2.41 - 3.29%, 3.02 - 6.46% and 54.72 - 61.52 Kcal/100 g respectively. The micronutrients including β-carotene, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, iron and zinc were found in the range of 4.79 - 6.68, 14.37 - 40.36, 5.97 - 22.15, 8.37 - 27.99, 10.03 - 13.40 and 5.11 – 941 mg/100 g respectively. The anti-nutrients; tannins, phytate, saponins and oxalate were in the range of 0.33 - 0.69, 0.40 - 0.94, 1.29 - 2.30 and 0.53 - 1.01% respectively
Conclusion: Poultry manure provided higher nutrients on the two varieties of Amaranth when compared with sewage sludge and NPK compound fertilizer. While sewage sludge resulted in the plants having higher anti-nutrients. The application of poultry manures at 10 tons/ha is therefore recommended for farmers to use to obtain more nutritious amaranth.
Effect of Two Kinds of Antistaling Agent on the Pigments of Cutting Branch for Cornus alba L.
Authors: Song Yang , Cui Na 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The research was aimed to study the effects of antistaling agent on the fresh-keeping of cutting branches in order to provide the foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production.
Study Design: In order to analyze the function and action mechanism of antistaling agent A(3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium), we used the Cornus alba L., as materials, observed fresh-keeping life and morphological changes, measured the fresh weight, the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, between February 2017 and March 2018.
Methodology: The contents of soluble sugar, chlorophyll, anthocyanin and red pigment in stem bark were determined at 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d after treatment, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L. were measured by method of spectrophotometer. The content of soluble sugar was determined by anthrone colorimetry.
Results: The effects of antistaling agent A (3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and antistaling agent B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium) were tested in this paper in order to investigate their effects on contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L., which provided foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production. Early spring sticks of Cornus alba L. were used as materials by antistaling agent A and B treatment, respectively, and sterilized water as control. Results showed that contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A.
Conclusion: The contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in the antistaling agent B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A.
The Impact of Subtropical Indian Ocean Anticyclone over Tasmania Precipitation
Authors: Usmani Bilal Ahmed , . Saqib-Ur-Rehman , Khan Abdul Jamil , Khan Kamran , Hussain Syed Adnan , Zia Syeda Sadia , Siddiqui Tanveer Ahmed 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To explore the association between observed frequency of anticyclones over subtropical Indian Ocean (10°S-50°S, 102.5°E-142.5°E) and average autumn rainfall over the districts of Tasmania.
Methodology: We have divided the rainfall amounts over nine districts of Tasmania into three categories (Above average, average and below average rainfall) by using z-scores technique for each autumn (March-May) month for the period of 1951-2016. We have also categorized the calculated frequency of anticyclone over the subtropical Indian Ocean in a similar fashion.
Results: Our analysis suggests inverse association between each category of average rainfall and the corresponding frequency of anticyclones for each month of autumn. This association revealed that during below average rainfall, the high frequencies of anticyclones were occupied over the most of the area of subtropical Indian Ocean that resulted less rainfall in the districts while during above average autumn rainfall, the high frequencies of anticyclones observed in the west of 110°E this enabled more autumn rainfall over the districts. We have also found the negative correlation coefficients between mean sea level pressure over the same domain of Indian Ocean and average rainfall over each district in each month of the autumn (March-May).
Conclusion: The slightly shift of Mean Central Pressure (MCP) to the north from the west coast of Tasmania from March-May enabled the extra-tropical activity of rainfall systems. This causes enhanced rainfall during average and above average rainfall conditions than March-April over nine districts of Tasmania.
Modified Atmosphere and Refrigeration in Postharvest Conservation of Atemoya cv. Gefner
Authors: Aguiar Maryelle Cristina Souza , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Sobral Raquel Rodrigues Soares , Silva Pinheiro Juceliandy Mendes da , Martins Joelma Carvalho , Dos Santos Irani Pereira , Alves Érika Endo , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Aspiazú Ignacio , Da Mota Wagner Ferreira 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the modified atmosphere under refrigeration for 28 days in the Atemoya Gefner.
Study Design: Experiment 1 and 2 was installed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 1x4 and 2x8, respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a cold chamber at the State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, between July and August 2018.
Methodology: In the first, the percentage of fruits that presented cold injury (CI) in unpackaged fruits and stored at 15°C for six days was visually evaluated. In the second experiment two pack were used and stored at 15°C and evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics.
Results: In the first experiment, from the 2nd day 100% of the fruits showed CI that progressed to stage 3 on the 6th day of storage. This result justifies the need to store the atemoya under modified atmosphere under 15°C for 28 days. It was found at the end of 28 days, experiment two, that the packages 1 and 2 showed quality fruits, with characteristics of ripe fruits, with 22 °Brix average values, reduced titrable acidity, light green color peel and good lightness. The pack1 showed better weight maintenance, with 1.54% of fresh weight loss against 2.36% for pack2.
Conclusion: There was a higher solubilization of total sugars and non-reducing sugars in pack1, being this the most indicated for atemoya fruits grown in northern Minas Gerais.
Agronomic Performance of New Potato Genotypes Submitted to Increasing Doses of NPK
Authors: Dos Santos Keli Cristina , Gabardo Gentil Carneiro , Kawakami Jackson , Genú Aline , Passos Sara , Contini Rafael Hermenegildo 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Estimate the morphological characteristics of potato genotypes grown with different doses of NPK fertilizer 4-14-8.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and three replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Guarapuava – PR, Brazil, during the growing seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015.
Methodology: In the main plots the doses of 0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1 of NPK fertilizer 4-14-8 were arranged and in the subplots the genotypes (Ágata, BRS Camilla and clone C0205). Were evaluated: The leaf area index (LAI), percentage of light absorption, number of tubers, fresh mass of tubers. In the first agricultural year the evaluations were performed at 25 and 45 days after the emergency (DAE) and in the second seasson at 28 and 48 DAE. Interaction between potato genotypes and fertilizer rates for LAI was observed at 45 DAE in 2013/14 and absorbance at 25 DAE in 2013/14. For the seasson 2013/14, the genotypes showed a significant difference for LAI, absorbance, number of tubers and fresh mass of tubers at 25, LAI and fresh mass of tubers at 45 DAE, clone C0205 presented the largest differences for these characteristics. Fertilizer doses did not influence LAI, absorbance at 25 DAE and 45 DAE in 2013/14 and, at 2014/15 at 28 DAE, there was no response for tuber number and LAI, and at 48 DAE for tuber number, absorbance. There was no significant interaction between fertilizer doses and potato plant genotypes for the data on number of primary stems and number of secondary stems in both seassons The genotypes responded to NPK fertilizer doses 4-14-8 for LAI, and clone C0205 presented the best results. The genotypes responded to the light absorption percentage, with C0205 presenting the best results, so that plants with greater leaf area presented greater light absorption. The genotype C0205 presents greater productive capacity when compared to the Agata and Camila genotypes, being evident the greater number and fresh mass of tubers produced.
Comparative Risk of Cardiovascular Events With Biologic and Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Fumery Mathurin , Singh Abha G. , Singh Namrata , Prokop Larry J. , Dulai Parambir S. , Sandborn William J. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the comparative effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), non‐TNFi biologics, and conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) on cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsUsing a systematic search through May 8, 2018, we included 14 observational studies in adults with RA treated with TNFi, non‐TNFi biologics, tofacitinib, or csDMARDs, reporting the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or stroke. Only studies reporting active comparators were included. We performed random effects meta‐analysis and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsAs compared to TNFi, tocilizumab was associated with a decreased risk of MACE (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.34–1.00]), whereas csDMARDs were associated with an increased risk of MACE (csDMARDs including methotrexate OR 1.45 [95% CI 1.09–1.93]; without methotrexate OR 2.57 [95% CI 1.32–5.00]), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%); there was no difference in risk of MACE between abatacept and TNFi (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.71–1.11]), or between tocilizumab and abatacept (OR 0.81 [0.57–1.16]). Based on 11 cohorts (n = 135,053 patients), as compared to TNFi, csDMARDs were associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.01–1.36]); there was no difference in risk of stroke between different biologics (tocilizumab versus TNFi OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.59–1.61]; abatacept versus TNFi OR 1.08 [0.86–1.34]; tocilizumab versus abatacept OR 0.73 [95% CI 0.39–1.38]), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). No comparative studies on cardiovascular risk with tofacitinib were identified.ConclusionBased on meta‐analysis, as compared to TNFi, tocilizumab may be associated with a reduced risk of MACE, whereas csDMARDs may be associated with an increased risk of MACE and stroke.
Strategies for Stabilizing DNA Nanostructures to Biological Conditions
Authors: Stephanopoulos Nicholas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDNA is one of the most promising building blocks for creating functional nanostructures for applications in biology and medicine. However, these highly programmable nanomaterials (e.g., DNA origami) often require supraphysiological salt concentrations for stability, are degraded by nuclease enzymes, and can elicit an inflammatory response. Herein, three key strategies for stabilizing DNA nanostructures to conditions required for biological applications are outlined: 1) tuning the buffer conditions or nanostructure design; 2) covalently crosslinking the strands that make up the structures; and 3) coating the structures with polymers, proteins, or lipid bilayers. Taken together, these approaches greatly expand the chemical diversity and future applicability of DNA nanotechnology both in vitro and in vivo.
Expression of new genes in vertebrate tooth development and p63 signaling
Authors: Rostampour Nasim , Appelt Cassy M. , Abid Aunum , Boughner Julia C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground
p63 is an evolutionarily ancient transcription factor essential to vertebrate tooth development. Our recent gene expression screen comparing wild‐type and “toothless” p63−/− mouse embryos implicated in tooth development several new genes that we hypothesized act downstream of p63 in dental epithelium, where p63 is also expressed.ResultsVia in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we probed mouse embryos (embryonic days 10.5‐14.5) and spotted gar fish embryos (14 days postfertilization) for these newly linked genes, Cbln1, Cldn23, Fermt1, Krt15, Pltp and Prss8, which were expressed in mouse and gar dental epithelium. Loss of p63 altered expression levels but not domains. Expression was comparable between murine upper and lower tooth organs, implying conserved gene functions in maxillary and mandibular dentitions. Our meta‐analysis of gene expression databases supported that these genes act within a p63‐driven gene regulatory network important to tooth development in mammals and more evolutionary ancient vertebrates (fish, amphibians).Conclusions
Cbln1, Cldn23, Fermt1, Krt15, Pltp, and Prss8 were expressed in mouse and fish dental epithelium at placode, bud, and/or cap stages. We theorize that these genes participate in cell‐cell adhesion, cell polarity, and extracellular matrix signaling to support dental epithelium integrity, folding, and epithelial‐mesenchymal cross talk during tooth development.
A forecasting analysis of risk‐neutral equity and Treasury volatilities
Authors: González‐Urteaga Ana , Nieto Belén , Rubio Gonzalo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper employs equity (VIX) and Treasury (MOVE) risk‐neutral volatilities to assess their relative forecasting performance with respect to future real activity, stock and Treasury excess returns, and aggregate risk factors. The in‐sample evidence suggests that the square of VIX tends to dominate the square of MOVE. Out‐of‐sample predictive analysis, performed as a horse race between equity and Treasury risk‐neutral volatilities, shows that, contrary to earlier results, the square of VIX and MOVE tend to complement each other.
Slovenian health care system and possibilities for freelance medical specialists
Authors: Kušar Boštjan , Smrke Dragica Maja , Bernik Mojca 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIntroductionThe purpose of the article is to present the results of the research aimed at establishing the current situation in the health care system in Slovenia and verifying whether the possibility and support exist for the introduction of a freelance medical specialist.MethodsWe conducted a survey among physicians and health care managers. The sample framework covered the total population of physicians and health care managers in Slovenia; surveys were completed by 318 physicians and 52 health care managers.ResultsThe results of the quantitative research analysis provided an essential basis for and feedback information about possible areas for improving the current state of the health care system. The conclusions of semistructured interviews also considerably contributed to the elaboration of the freelance medical specialist proposal.ConclusionThe findings of the research point out the need for changes in the Slovenian health care system and the support of the research participants in the implementation of the freelance medical specialist proposal. In the participants' opinions, the possibility of introducing freelance medical specialists would change the work organisation, particularly in terms of additional formalised possibilities for practising in the medical profession, which would further contribute to the overall improvement of the health care system.
An automatic approach for rill network extraction to measure rill erosion by terrestrial and low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor an erosion event (October 2016) occurred at the Sparacia experimental area (Southern Italy), both terrestrial and low‐altitude aerial surveys were carried out by consumer grade camera and quadcopter (low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicle [UAV]) to measure rill erosion on two plots with steepness of 22% and 26%. Applying the structure from motion (SfM) technique, the three‐dimensional digital terrain models (3D‐DTMs) and the quasi three‐dimensional models (2.5D‐digital elevation model [DEM]) were obtained by the two surveys. Furthermore, 3D‐DTM and DEM were built using the available aerial photographs (166) and adding 40 terrestrial photographs. For the first time, the convergence index was applied to high‐resolution rill data for extracting the rill network, and a subsequent separation into contributing and non‐contributing rills was carried out. The comparison among the three surveys (terrestrial, UAV, and UAV + terrestrial) was developed using two morphometric parameters of the rill network (drainage density and drainage frequency). Moreover, using as reference the weight of sediment stored on the tanks located downstream of the plots, the reliability of soil loss measurement by 3D models was tested. For both contributing and non‐contributing rills, the morphometric parameters were higher for the terrestrial than for UAV and UAV + terrestrial surveys. For both plots, SfM always provided reliable soil loss measurements, which were affected by errors ranging from −8% to 13%. Although the applied technique used a low‐cost UAV and a consumer grade camera, the obtained results demonstrated that a reliable estimate of rill erosion can be obtained in an area of interest.
Quality of life in survivors of childhood brain tumour and the association of children's diseases on quality of their parents life
Authors: Musiol Katarzyna , Bulska Weronika , Brożek Paulina , Oślizło Barbara , Ryzak Stella , Dubiel Justyna , Sobol‐Milejska Grażyna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of children's quality of life (QoL) after finished brain tumour treatment and the association of children's diseases on quality of their parents' life.MethodsThe study group was consisted of 46 children after brain tumour treatment (aged 4, 5, to 29 years old). The control group was composed of 104 students of primary, secondary, and high schools. One hundred fifty (104 + 46) parents were included in the study. Standardised QoL questionnaires (PEDsQL‐4.0, WHOQOL‐BREF) were used. Survivors' QoL was assessed from patients' and their parents' point of view, also the association of children's diseases on quality of their parents' life was estimated.ResultsQoL of children after brain tumour treatment was lower than in the control group according to the children (P < 0.001) and their parents (P < 0.001). The survivors worst rated their ability to social functioning (P < 0.0010) and physical functioning (P < 0.001) in comparison with self‐assessment of healthy children. According to their parents, the functioning of children in all zones was worse than in the control group, mostly in social (P < 0.001) and physical sphere (P < 0.001), too. QoL of children with low‐grade tumour was comparable with QoL of children with high‐grade tumour). QoL of survivors' caregivers in study was higher than QoL of parents of control groups (P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe quality of patients' life after brain tumour treatment is lower in comparison with healthy children. QoL of the parents of survivor is higher than the QoL of healthy children parents. The assessment of QoL of children after brain tumour treatment should be an inherent element of health monitoring.
A theoretical insight into the role of counter anions and their interactions in nitropentaamminecobalt(III) toward linkage isomerism‐induced photochemical motion
Authors: Muya Jules Tshishimbi , Meher Biswa Ranjan , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Chung Hoeil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDensity functional theory (B3LYP, B3LYP‐D3, wB97XD, M062X, and M06L) and ab initio methods (MP2 and CCSD(T)) in conjunction with 6‐31+G(d,p) and LanL2DZ were employed to investigate the interaction energies between [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ linkage isomers and chloride and nitrate in both gas phase and solid state. The nature of the chemical bonding has been analyzed by means of the atoms in molecules, electron density shift, natural bond orbitals, symmetry adapted perturbation theory, and energy decomposition analysis. The electronic structures of the two lowest laying singlet states (So and S1) of [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)Cl isomers were also investigated using CASSCF(6,6) with LanL2DZ and 6‐31G(d) basis sets. Our results show that [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ linkage isomers interact more strongly with chloride than nitrate. The structures of [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)Cl linkage isomers and their relative stabilities were examined in gas phase and in solid state and confirmed the nitro‐complex as the most stable following by a viable intermediate endo‐complex. Study of the nitro‐nitrito linkage isomerization in [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)Cl revealed that anions form strong electrostatic bonds with [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ leading to decrease in an activation energy compared to the [Co(NH3)5ONO]2+ isomers. A concerted action of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds are suspected of regulating the isomerization in solid state. Assessment of various DFT methods with respect to CCSD(T) suggests M062X suitable method for [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)Cl linkage‐isomerization study. Potential energy surface calculations at the CASSCF/6‐31G(d) level of theory shows that the conical intersection (S1/So) might play an important role in the photoisomerization of [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)Cl.