bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Unauthorized Salvadoran Migrants’ First Migration to the United States between 1965 and 2007
Authors: Flores-Yeffal Nadia Y. , Pren Karen A. 
Published: February 2019

Although Salvadoran emigration to the United States is one of the most important migratory flows emanating from Latin America, there is insufficient information about the predictors of first unauthorized migration from El Salvador to the United States. In this study, we use data from the Latin American Migration Project–El Salvador (LAMP-ELS4) to perform an event history analysis to discern the factors that influenced the likelihood that a Salvadoran household head would take a first unauthorized trip to the United States between 1965 and 2007. We take into account a series of demographic, social capital, human capital, and physical capital characteristics of the Salvadoran household head; demographic and social context variables in the place of origin; as well as economic and border security factors at the place of destination. Our findings suggest that an increase in the Salvadoran civil violence index and a personal economic crisis increased the likelihood of first-time unauthorized migration. Salvadorans who were less likely to take a first unauthorized trip were business owners, those employed in skilled occupations, and persons with more years of experience in the labor force. Contextual variables in the United States, such as a high unemployment rate and an increase in the Border Patrol budget, deterred the decision to take a first unauthorized trip. Finally, social capital had no effect on the decision to migrate; this means that for unauthorized Salvadoran migrants, having contacts in the United States is not the main driver to start a migration journey to the United States. We suggest as policy recommendations that the United States should award Salvadorans more work-related visas or asylum protection. For those Salvadorans whose Temporary Protected Status (TPS) has ended, the United States should allow them to apply for permanent residency. The decision not to continue to extend TPS to Salvadorans will only increase the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States. The United States needs to revise its current immigration policies, which make it a very difficult and/or extremely lengthy process for Salvadorans and other immigrants to regularize their current immigration status in the United States. Furthermore, because of our research findings, we recommend that the Salvadoran government — to discourage out-migration — invest in high-skilled job training and also offer training and credit opportunities to its population to encourage business ventures.
Pulmonary exacerbations in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus definition for use in clinical trials
Authors: Lucas Jane S. , Gahleitner Florian , Amorim Adelina , Boon Mieke , Brown Philippa , Constant Carolina , Cook Simon , Crowley Suzanne , Destouches Damien M.S. , Eber Ernst , Mussaffi Huda , Haarman Eric , Harris Amanda , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Kuehni Claudia E. , Latzin Philipp , Loebinger Michael R. , Lorent Natalie , Maitre Bernard , Moreno-Galdó Antonio , Nielsen Kim G. , Özçelik Uğur , Philipsen Lue Katrine Drasbæk , Pohunek Petr , Polverino Eva , Rademacher Jessica , Robinson Phil , Snijders Deborah , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Carr Siobhán B. 
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary exacerbations are a cause of significant morbidity in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and are frequently used as an outcome measure in clinical research into chronic lung diseases. So far, there has been no consensus on the definition of pulmonary exacerbations in PCD.30 multidisciplinary experts and patients developed a consensus definition for children and adults with PCD. Following a systematic review, the panel used a modified Delphi process with a combination of face-to-face meetings and e-surveys to develop a definition that can be used in research settings for children and adults with PCD.A pulmonary exacerbation was defined by the presence of three or more of the following seven items: 1) increased cough, 2) change in sputum volume and/or colour, 3) increased shortness of breath perceived by the patient or parent, 4) decision to start or change antibiotic treatment because of perceived pulmonary symptoms, 5) malaise, tiredness, fatigue or lethargy, 6) new or increased haemoptysis, and 7) temperature >38°C.The consensus panel proposed that the definition should be used for future clinical trials. The definition should be validated and the usability assessed during these studies.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Growth inhibition and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells induced by Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD): involvement of Wnt/β-catenin and other signal transduction pathways
Authors: Razak Suhail , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alam Iftikhar , Jahan Sarwat 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
More than the two decades, the question of whether vitamin D has a role in cancer frequency, development, and death has been premeditated in detail. Colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers have been a scrupulous spot of center, altogether, these three malignancies report for approximately 35% of cancer cases and 20% of cancer demises in the United States, and as such are a chief public health apprehension. The aim was to evaluate antitumor activity of Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD) in colorectal cancer cell lines and HCT116 xenograft model in a comprehensive approach.

Methods
Two human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 (gained from College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, KSA were grown. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide protocol were performed to show the impact of NVD and β-catenin inhibitor (FH535) on the viability of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Apoptosis/cell cycle assay was performed. Analysis was done with a FACScan (Becton–Dickinson, NJ). About 10,000 cells per sample were harvested and Histograms of DNA were analyzed with ModiFitLT software (verity Software House, ME, USA). Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed for protein and gene expression respectively in in vitro and in vivo.

Results
We found that NVD induced cytotoxicity in colorectal cells in a dose-dependent manner and time dependent approach. Further, our data validated that NVD administration of human colorectal cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells resulted in cell growth arrest, alteration in molecules regulating cell cycle operative in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis in a dose dependent approach. Further our results concluded that NVD administration decreases expression of β-catenin gene, AKT gene and Survivin gene and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that targeting β-catenin gene may encourage the alterations of cell cycle and cell cycle regulators. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway possibly takes part in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer cells through regulating cell cycle and the expression of cell cycle regulators.
Differences in mood instability in patients with bipolar disorder type I and II: a smartphone-based study
Authors: Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Frost Mads , Busk Jonas , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Bardram Jakob E. , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
Mood instability in bipolar disorder is associated with a risk of relapse. This study investigated differences in mood instability between patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II, which previously has been sparingly investigated.

Methods
Patients with bipolar disorder type I (n = 53) and type II (n = 31) used a daily smartphone-based self-monitoring system for 9 months. Data in the present reflect 15.975 observations of daily collected smartphone-based data on patient-evaluated mood.

Results
In models adjusted for age, gender, illness duration and psychopharmacological treatment, patients with bipolar disorder type II experienced more mood instability during depression compared with patients with bipolar disorder type I (B: 0.27, 95% CI 0.007; 0.53, p = 0.044), but lower intensity of manic symptoms. Patients with bipolar disorder type II did not experience lower mean mood or higher intensity of depressive symptoms compared with patients with bipolar disorder type I.

Conclusions
Compared to bipolar disorder type I, patients with bipolar disorder type II had higher mood instability for depression. Clinically it is of importance to identify these inter-episodic symptoms. Future studies investigating the effect of treatment on mood instability measures are warranted.
Trial registration NCT02221336
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Turk Katherine W. , Budson Andrew E. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides a discussion on the current state of knowledge of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with an emphasis on clinical features and emerging biomarkers of the condition.

RECENT FINDINGS
The results of several large brain bank case series among subjects with a history of contact sports or repetitive head trauma have indicated that a high frequency of CTE may exist in this population. However, the true prevalence of CTE among individuals with a history of head trauma remains unknown, given that individuals who experienced cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms during life are more likely to have their brains donated for autopsy at death and epidemiologic studies of the condition are lacking. Neuropathologic consensus criteria have been published. Research-based clinical criteria have been proposed and are beginning to be applied, but the definitive diagnosis of CTE in a living patient remains impossible without effective biomarkers for the condition, which is an active area of study.

SUMMARY
The field of CTE research is rapidly growing and parallels many of the advances seen for other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer disease decades ago.
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Seeley William W. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the clinical, anatomic, genetic, and pathologic features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and discusses strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy, emphasizing common pitfalls to avoid. Key aspects of management and the future of diagnosis and care for the disorder are highlighted.

RECENT FINDINGS
BvFTD is a clinical syndrome, not a disease. Patients with the syndrome share core symptoms that reflect degeneration within the most consistently affected brain regions, but accompanying features vary and reflect the precise topography of regional degeneration. The clinician must distinguish a bvFTD syndrome from psychiatric illness and other neurodegenerative syndromes that feature a prominent behavioral component. Antemortem prediction of pathologic diagnosis remains imperfect but improves with careful attention to the clinical details. Management should emphasize prevention of caregiver distress, behavioral and environmental strategies, symptom-based psychopharmacology, and genetic counseling.

SUMMARY
BvFTD is an important and challenging dementia syndrome. Although disease-modifying treatments are lacking, clinicians can have a profound impact on a family coping with this disorder. Treatment trials are under way for some genetic forms of bvFTD. For sporadic disease, pathologic heterogeneity remains a major challenge, and ongoing research seeks to improve antemortem molecular diagnosis to facilitate therapeutic discovery.
The role of NF-κB and Elk-1 in the regulation of mouse ADAM17 expression
Authors: Wawro Karolina , Wawro Mateusz , Strzelecka Magdalena , Czarnek Maria , Bereta Joanna 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
ADAM17 is a cell membrane metalloproteinase responsible for the release of ectodomains of numerous proteins from the cell surface. Although ADAM17 is often overexpressed in tumours and at sites of inflammation, little is known about the regulation of its expression. Here we investigate the role of NF-κB and Elk-1 transcription factors and upstream signalling pathways, NF-κB and ERK1/2 in ADAM17 expression in mouse brain endothelial cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory factors (TNF, IL-1β, LPS) or a phorbol ester (PMA), a well-known stimulator of ADAM17 activity. Notably, NF-κB inhibitor, IKK VII, interfered with the IL-1β- and LPS-mediated stimulation of ADAM17 expression. Furthermore, Adam17 promoter contains an NF-κB binding site occupied by p65 subunit of NF-κB. The transient increase in Adam17 mRNA in response to PMA was strongly reduced by an inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, U0126. Luciferase reporter assay with vectors encoding the ERK1/2 substrate, Elk-1, fused with constitutively activating or repressing domains, indicated Elk-1 involvement in Adam17 expression. The site-directed mutagenesis of potential Elk-1 binding sites pointed to four functional Elk-1 binding sites in Adam17 promoter. All in all, our results indicate that NF-κB and Elk-1 transcription factors via NF-κB and ERK1/2 signalling pathways contribute to the regulation of mouse Adam17 expression.
A theoretical framework for planar polarity establishment through interpretation of graded cues by molecular bridges
Authors: Fisher Katherine H. , Strutt David 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Planar polarity is a widespread phenomenon found in many tissues, allowing cells to coordinate morphogenetic movements and function. A common feature of animal planar polarity systems is the formation of molecular bridges between cells, which become polarised along a tissue axis. We propose that these bridges provide a general mechanism by which cells interpret different forms of tissue gradients to coordinate directional information. We illustrate this using a generalised and consistent modelling framework, providing a conceptual basis for understanding how different mechanisms of gradient function can generate planar polarity. We make testable predictions of how different gradient mechanisms can influence polarity direction.
A SEPT1-based scaffold is required for Golgi integrity and function
Authors: Song Kyungyeun , Gras Claudia , Capin Gabrielle , Gimber Niclas , Lehmann Martin , Mohd Saif , Puchkov Dmytro , Rödiger Maria , Wilhelmi Ilka , Daumke Oliver , Schmoranzer Jan , Schürmann Annette , Krauss Michael 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Compartmentalization of membrane transport and signaling processes is of pivotal importance to eukaryotic cell function. While plasma membrane compartmentalization and dynamics are well known to depend on the scaffolding function of septin GTPases, the roles of septins at intracellular membranes have remained largely elusive. Here, we show that the structural and functional integrity of the Golgi depends on its association with a septin 1 (SEPT1)-based scaffold, which promotes local microtubule nucleation and positioning of the Golgi. SEPT1 function depends on the Golgi matrix protein GM130 (also known as GOLGA2) and on centrosomal proteins, including CEP170 and components of γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-Turc), to facilitate the perinuclear concentration of Golgi membranes. Accordingly, SEPT1 depletion triggers a massive fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon, thereby compromising anterograde membrane traffic at the level of the Golgi.
Η προσέγγιση της προσφυγικής κρίσης από τις ιστοσελίδες ενημέρωσης στην Ήπειρο
Authors: Νάκου Σοφία , Στεργίου Λήδα 
Published: February 2019

Από το 2015 ένας σημαντικός αριθμός προσφύγων και μεταναστών διένυσε τα σύνορα της Ελλάδας με προορισμό άλλες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες. Μικρό μέρος αυτού του πληθυσμού παρέμεινε στην Ελλάδα συσσωρευόμενο κυρίως στα νησιά εισόδου απ' όπου προοδευτικά μετακινείται προς την ενδοχώρα. Τον Μάρτιο του 2016, η Ήπειρος δέχτηκε τους πρώτους αιτούντες άσυλο με κύριες προελεύσεις τη Συρία, το Αφγανιστάν, το Ιράκ, το Πακιστάν και τη Σομαλία. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η αποτύπωση του τρόπου με τον οποίο προσεγγίστηκε το ζήτημα της προσφυγικής κρίσης από τρεις ηλεκτρονικές σελίδες ενημέρωσης της Ηπείρου (Ιωαννίνων, Άρτας, Πρέβεζας) σε διάστημα 14 μηνών(από 01/01/16 μέχρι 31/03/2017). Βάσει ποσοτικής ανάλυσης περιεχομένου εξετάστηκαν 319 σχετικά "άρθρα"/αναφορές και διαπιστώθηκαν τα εξής: ο μεγαλύτερος αριθμός αναφορών εντοπίστηκε κατά την περίοδο της πρώτης άφιξης προσφύγων (Μάρτιος 2016) και κατά την έναρξη της συζήτησης για την εκπαίδευση των παιδιών (Σεπτέμβριος & Νοέμβριος 2016). Η πλειοψηφία των αναφορών πλαισιώθηκε περιπτωσιολογικά, χωρίς εστίαση στα αίτια της προσφυγικής κρίσης, ενώ μικρό μέρος τους πλαισιώθηκε θεματικά, δηλαδή με εστίαση στα αίτια της προσφυγικής κρίσης και στην αντιμετώπιση του θέματος ως ευρωπαϊκού ζητήματος. Η θεματολογία κινήθηκε κυρίως γύρω από την κοινωνική αλληλεγγύη για τους πρόσφυγες και τις υποδομές φιλοξενίας, ενώ σε μικρότερο ποσοστό αφορούσε στην παραβατική συμπεριφορά των προσφύγων.
Η βινιέτα ως εργαλείο ανίχνευσης των γνώσεων των μαθητών Δημοτικού Σχολείου για την αναπηρία
Authors: Λουάρη Μαρίνα 
Published: February 2019

Η βινιέτα είναι εικόνα ή περιγραφή μιας κατάστασης ή ένα σενάριο που προκαλεί προβληματισμό και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί εκτός των άλλων και ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο. Παρουσιάζει υποθετικές καταστάσεις και απευθύνει στους συμμετέχοντες ευθείες ερωτήσεις με σκοπό τη συλλογή δεδομένων που αφορούν ιδέες και αντιλήψεις. Το συγκεκριμένο εργαλείο, που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας έρευνας, αποτελούνταν από 12 εικόνες και κείμενα που στόχευαν στην εκτίμηση των γνώσεων των μαθητών, ως προς την έννοια «αναπηρία», πριν και μετά από την εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος παρέμβασης που αφορούσε την ενημέρωση των μαθητών σε θέματα αναπηρίας. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 364 μαθητές γενικών σχολείων (10 έως 12 ετών), στα οποία δεν υπήρχε μαθητής με αναπηρία. Η γενική επιλογή των μαθητών έγινε με επιλογή σχολικών μονάδων οι οποίες ήταν αντιπροσωπευτικές του μέσου αστικού πληθυσμού της περιοχής και όμορων περιοχών, ώστε το κοινωνικο-οικονομικό και πολιτιστικό προφίλ των μαθητών/ριών να είναι περίπου όμοιο. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι μαθητές κατά κύριο λόγο συνδέουν την έννοια «αναπηρία» μόνο με την κινητική αναπηρία και φαίνεται να βρίσκονται σε σύγχυση όσον αφορά τα άλλα είδη αυτής, όπως στην περίπτωση των αισθητηριακών αναπηριών. Πιο ξεκάθαρη άποψη είχαν για τους μαθητές με σύνδρομο Down, καθώς τα χαρακτηριστικά του προσώπου ήταν εκείνα που κατεύθυναν τη σκέψη τους. Το χαμηλότερο ποσοστό σωστών απαντήσεων αφορούσε το παιδί με αυτισμό, καθώς λίγοι από τους μαθητές τον αναγνώρισαν ως μαθητή με αναπηρία, εύρημα αναμενόμενο. Από τα αποτελέσματα μετά την παρέμβαση διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι συμμετέχοντες στην Πειραματική Ομάδα είχαν διαμορφώσει διαφορετική αντίληψη όσον αφορά την αναγνώριση των ατόμων με αναπηρία, δίνοντας σχεδόν σε όλες τις ερωτήσεις σωστή απάντηση.
Coronary artery disease, genetic risk and the metabolome in young individuals
Authors: Battram Thomas , Hoskins Luke , Hughes David A. , Kettunen Johannes , Ring Susan M. , Smith George Davey , Timpson Nicholas John 
Published: February 2019

Background:Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults – the leading cause of death worldwide. It often occurs later in life, but variants may impact CAD-relevant phenotypes early and throughout the life-course. Cohorts with longitudinal and genetic data on thousands of individuals are letting us explore the antecedents of this adult disease.Methods:148 metabolites, with a focus on the lipidome, measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, and genotype data were available from 5,907 individuals at ages 7, 15, and 17 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the metabolites and an adult-derived genetic risk score (GRS) of CAD comprising 146 variants. Individual variant-metabolite associations were also examined.Results:The CAD-GRS associated with 118 of 148 metabolites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), the strongest associations being with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic non-LDL subgroups. Nine of 146 variants in the GRS associated with one or more metabolites (FDR < 0.05). Seven of these are within lipid loci: rs11591147PCSK9,rs12149545HERPUD1-CETP,rs17091891LPL,rs515135APOB,rs602633CELSR2-PSRC1,rs651821APOA5,rs7412APOE-APOC1.All associated with metabolites in the LDL or atherogenic non-LDL subgroups or both including aggregate cholesterol measures. The other two variants identified were rs112635299SERPINA1and rs2519093ABO.Conclusions:Genetic variants that influence CAD risk in adults are associated with large perturbations in metabolite levels in individuals as young as seven. The variants identified are mostly within lipid-related loci and the metabolites they associated with are primarily linked to lipoproteins. Along with further research, this knowledge could allow for preventative measures, such as increased monitoring of at-risk individuals and perhaps treatment earlier in life, to be taken years before any symptoms of the disease arise.
Optimal Auction Design for Wi-Fi Procurement
Authors: Qiu Liangfei , Rui Huaxia , Whinston Andrew 
Published: February 2019

The unprecedented growth of cellular traffic driven by the use of smartphones for web surfing, video streaming, and cloud-based services poses bandwidth challenges for cellular service providers. To manage the increasing data traffic, cellular service providers are experimenting with the use of third-party Wi-Fi hot spots to augment their cellular capacity. We develop an analytical framework to study the optimal procurement auction for Wi-Fi capacity. Such an auction design is complicated by the fact that Wi-Fi networks have much more limited spatial coverage compared with the cellular network. Neither a global auction that includes all Wi-Fi hot spots nor multiple local auctions that include only hot spots in each local Wi-Fi region is optimal. We find that the optimal mechanism is an integration of one global auction that includes hot spots from an endogeneously determined set of Wi-Fi regions and many separate local auctions that are only held in the rest of the Wi-Fi regions. To implement the optimal mechanism, we also provide an efficient algorithm whose computation complexity is of the order of the number of Wi-Fi regions. Our work contributes to the literature by designing the optimal mechanism for a unique type of IT procurement auction problem that is a tight integration of economics and computational technology. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0742 .
Análise em gênero, educação e tecnologias nas preferências e percepção de adolescentes em acesso à Internet
Authors: Giacometti-Rocha Erika , Mill Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Em análise de correlação do uso intensivo da Internet em computadores, notebooks, tablets, celulares, constatou-se não existir relação considerável entre usar intensamente a Internet e ser homem ou mulher. Entretanto, nas respostas sobre acesso de conteúdo, apareceu diferença significativa entre os gêneros. Em geral, chamou atenção o fato de mulheres adolescentes acessarem mais sobre beleza e menos sobre tecnologia em frequências de valores proporcionalmente inversos aos masculinos. Ao mesmo tempo acessam mais a Internet para estudar. Sob a leitura de Bourdieu, tentamos explicar essa diferença, embora não tenha sido possível apontar o caminho percorrido pelos adolescentes para chegar às preferências com base nos dados disponíveis. Contudo, questionados sobre quem lida melhor com tecnologias, a expressão das opiniões mostrou-se contraditória, diante das percepções do preconceito. Houve indicativo de autopercepção feminina negativa nessas respostas que pode explicar a fuga das mulheres da área de Ciência e Tecnologia. Em última instância, abre-se caminhos para educadores e pesquisadores pensar essa reprodução de estrutura social, baseada em gênero, manifesta nas escolhas dos sujeitos ao usar a Internet.