bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitroandin vivoassessment of CaP materials for bone regenerative therapy. The role of multinucleated giant cells/osteoclasts in bone regeneration
Authors: Bighetti Ana Carolina Cestari , Cestari Tania Mary , Santos Paula Sanches , Arantes Ricardo Vinicius Nunes , Paini Suelen , Assis Gerson Francisco , Costa Bruna Carolina , de Oliveira Flávia Amadeu , Tokuhara Cintia Kazuko , de Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso , Taga Rumio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, bone formation/remodeling/maturation was correlated with the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs)/osteoclasts (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]‐positive cells) on the surface of beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), sintered deproteinized bovine bone (sDBB), and carbonated deproteinized bovine bone (cDBB) using a maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) in aNew Zealandrabbit model. Microtomographic, histomorphometric, and immunolabeling for TRAP‐cells analyses were made at 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. In all treatments, a faster bone formation/remodeling/maturation and TRAP‐positive cells activity occurred in the osteotomy region of the MSA than in the middle and submucosa regions. In the β‐TCP, the granules were rapidly reabsorbed by TRAP‐positive cells and replaced by bone tissue. β‐TCP enabled quick bone regeneration/remodeling and full bone and marrow restoration until 60 days, but with a significant reduction in MSA volume. In cDBB and sDBB, the quantity of TRAP‐positive cells was smaller than in β‐TCP, and these cells were associated with granule surface preparation for osteoblast‐mediated bone formation. After 30 days, more than 80% of granule surfaces were surrounded and integrated by bone tissue without signs of degradation, preserving the MSA volume. Overall, the materials tested in a standardized preclinical model led to different bone formation/remodeling/maturation within the same repair process influenced by different microenvironments and MGCs/osteoclasts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:282–297, 2020.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Proton density fat fraction for assessment of pancreatic fatty infiltration during progression of T2DM bama minipigs
Authors: Chen Yidi , Jiang Zijian , Long Liling , Miu Yongjian , Zhang Ling , Zhong Delin , Tang Qin 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundRecent studies have highlighted the correlation between diabetes and pancreatic fat infiltration. However, pancreatic fat content (PFC) is rarely confirmed by pathological results, and a change of PFC during progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is currently controversial.PurposeTo evaluate the relationship of MRI‐pancreatic proton density fat fraction to serologic changes and histology in an experimental model of diabetes.Study TypeProspective animal study.Animal ModelThirteen Bama pigs were randomly assigned to diabetes (n= 7) or control (n= 6) groups. Pigs in the diabetic group received high‐fat/high‐sugar feed, combined with three doses of streptozotocin injections.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, IDEAL‐IQ sequence.AssessmentStarting in the fifth month, biochemical changes were evaluated; all pigs underwent axial MRI with the IDEAL‐IQ sequence to measured pancreatic fat fraction (PFF). PFC was measured by the Soxhlet extraction method. Pancreatic fat distribution and pancreas islet morphology were observed by histopathology.Statistical TestsA Mann–WhitneyU‐test, independent‐samplest‐test, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, single‐measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were performed.ResultsDuring the development of T2DM, the PFF, weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and HOMA‐IR (insulin resistance) of the experimental group showed an upward trend; fasting insulin (INS), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and HOMA‐β showed decreasing trends. At the end of the fifteenth month, FBG (mmol/L) was 18.06 ± 6.03 and 5.06 ± 1.41 (P< 0.001), PFF (%) was 36.52 ± 4.07 and 27.75 ± 3.73 (P= 0.002), INS (mU/L) was 21.59 ± 2.93 and 29.32 ± 3.27 (P= 0.001), HOMA‐IR was 16.83 ± 4.22 and 6.70 ± 2.45 (P< 0.001), HOMA‐β was 1.50 ± 0.24 and 2.77 ± 0.45 (P< 0.001), between the experimental and control groups. There were strong and moderate positive correlations between PFF and PFC (r= 0.968,P< 0.001), and FBG (r= 0.657,P= 0.015), and HOMA‐IR (r= 0.608,P= 0.028).Data ConclusionMRI‐proton density fat fraction can measure the fat content of the pancreas with great accuracy and repeatability; PFF is a potential biomarker that can reflect the different stages of diabetes development.Level of Evidence:2Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1905–1913.
Clinical educators’ attitudes towards the use of technology in the clinical teaching environment. A mixed methods study
Authors: McInerney John , Druva Ruth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn healthcare, there is ongoing flux in expectations for students and practitioners. Establishing integrated systems of monitoring and evidencing students’ development is imperative. With current trends towards the use of technology in tertiary education, online learning environments (OLEs) could constitute more effective evidencing of student progress in the clinical environment. However, there is little research exploring clinical educators' experiences with implementing technology in clinical education.The research aimed to:

Examine clinical educators’ attitudes towards technology and its use in clinical education.
Explore clinical educators’ experiences of implementing technologies in a clinical environment.
MethodsA mixed methods approach was taken to explore the aims. A previously validated technology attitude survey (TAS) was used with slight modifications, as well as open‐ended qualitative responses. These explored clinical educators’ experiences of the implementation of one specific OLE (PebblePad™) in their clinical environments. The survey was sent to clinical educators involved in the supervision of Medical Imaging students on clinical placement.ResultsClinical educators play pivotal roles in students’ professional development and, given current trends in tertiary education, are under increasing pressure to utilise OLEs. This poses particular challenges in clinical environments. Irrespective of the challenges, successful implementation of technology in any environment is dependent on the attitudes of the users.ConclusionsClinical environments have specific challenges when implementing technology such as access to computers and time constraints on practitioners. Even with positive attitudes towards technology, a change in pedagogical outlook when using technology in clinical teaching is necessary.
A comparative study of the electrospray ionization response of β‐O‐4′ lignin model compounds
Authors: Asare Shardrack O. , Lynn Bert C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry has recently become the technique of choice for rapid characterization of lignin degradation products. However, the fundamental question of the relationship between lignin structure and ionization efficiency has not been explored. In this work, we studied the electrospray ionization response of five structurally similar β‐O‐4′ model lignin compounds using lithium cationization in the positive electrospray ionization mode. The studied compounds have the same β‐O‐4′ backbone structure but differ at the α‐position by increasing nonpolar side chains. Our results show a correlation between the ionization response and the length of the nonpolar side chain, with analytes having the longest side chain recording the highest ESI response in the full scan mode. Factors affecting the formation of analyte ions and analyte cluster ions were also studied. We have shown for the first time in this work that the introduction of a nonpolar group onto a β‐O‐4′ lignin compound can increase the lithium cationization ESI response in the positive ion mode.
Leptomeningeal anastomosis and early ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging in male murine focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Saito Moeko , Ishizuka Kentaro , Hoshino Takao , Toi Sono , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeptomeningeal anastomosis is a key factor for determining early ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in human stroke. However, few studies have validated this relationship in an experimental model. This study sought to clarify the involvement of leptomeningeal anastomosis in early ischemic lesions using a murine model. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion or sham surgery. Seven or 14 days later, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 45 min. In the first experiment, the leptomeningeal collaterals were visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI. In the second experiment, DWI was performed immediately after MCA occlusion, and the infarct sizes were determined 24 hr after recirculation. Unilateral CCA occlusion reduced the size of early ischemic lesions, enlarged the pial vessel diameter, and mitigated infarct size. The relationship between the DWI lesion size and pial vessel diameter was significant (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). The association between infarct size and DWI lesion size was also significant (r = 0.96, p < 0.01). In conclusion, involvement of the collateral circulation in early ischemic lesions was evident in the murine model. Both MRI and evaluation of leptomeningeal anastomosis could be used to develop a novel strategy targeting enhancement of the collateral circulation.
Rivals or allies: How performance‐prove goal orientation influences knowledge hiding
Authors: Zhu Yue , Chen Tingting , Wang Mo , Jin Yanghua , Wang Yongyue 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPrevious research suggests that performance‐prove goal orientation is positively related to knowledge hiding. However, we argue that this effect depends on the focus of performance feedback (i.e., individual‐ and group‐focused feedback), which shapes the nature of the competitive expression of performance‐prove goal orientation (i.e., intragroup and intergroup oriented). We conducted three studies to test our theoretical model. The results of Study 1 with time‐lagged data from 128 part‐time MBA students showed that performance‐prove goal orientation was positively related to knowledge hiding when performance feedback focused more (vs. less) on individual performance but was negatively related to knowledge hiding when performance feedback focused more (vs. less) on group performance. Study 2 replicated these moderation findings in an experimental study of 210 undergraduate students. Study 3 again replicated the moderation effects using multisource data from 317 employees and their supervisors. It also included creativity as an outcome of knowledge hiding and illustrated the distal consequence of the moderation effects of individual‐ and group‐focused performance feedback. We then discussed the implications for the theory and practice of performance‐prove goal orientation and knowledge hiding.
Evidence‐Based Strategies and Recommendations for Preservation of Central Venous Access in Children
Authors: Baskin Kevin M. , Mermel Leonard A. , Saad Theodore F. , Journeycake Janna M. , Schaefer Carrie M. , Modi Biren P. , Vrazas John I. , Gore Beth , Drews Barbie B. , Doellman Darcy , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Abu‐Elmagd Kareem M. , Towbin Richard B. ,   Venous Access: National Guideline and Registry Development (VANGUARD) Initiative Affected Persons Advisory Panel
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildren with chronic illness often require prolonged or repeated venous access. They remain at high risk for venous catheter–related complications (high‐risk patients), which largely derive from elective decisions during catheter insertion and continuing care. These complications result in progressive loss of the venous capital (patent and compliant venous pathways) necessary for delivery of life‐preserving therapies. A nonstandardized, episodic, isolated approach to venous care in these high‐need, high‐cost patients is too often the norm, imposing a disproportionate burden on affected persons and escalating costs. This state‐of‐the‐art review identifies known failure points in the current systems of venous care, details the elements of an individualized plan of care, and emphasizes a patient‐centered, multidisciplinary, collaborative, and evidence‐based approach to care in these vulnerable populations. These guidelines are intended to enable every practitioner in every practice to deliver better care and better outcomes to these patients through awareness of critical issues, anticipatory attention to meaningful components of care, and appropriate consultation or referral when necessary.*
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Expectations of Parenthood and Children's Development
Authors: Wamser‐Nanney Rachel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may increase the risk of adverse parenting‐related outcomes. Research has not determined if PTSD symptoms correspond with more negative expectations of parenthood and unrealistic beliefs regarding children's developmental milestones. Negative and unrealistic preparenthood and developmental expectations are tied to problematic parenting‐related outcomes; thus, these beliefs are important to examine within the context of PTSD. The aim of the current study was to examine whether PTSD is related to negative parenthood expectations as well as more unrealistic perceptions of children's development. Included in the study were 368 trauma‐exposed adults who had yet to become parents (Mage = 25.92 years, SD = 7.11; 68.2% female; 63.8% White). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that probable PTSD was associated with more negative parenting expectations, βs = −.08–−.16. Alterations in cognitions and mood were associated with more negative perceptions of parenthood, βs = .10–−.31. However, higher levels of intrusion symptoms were related to more positive expectations of parenthood and more realistic development expectations, βs = .17–.25. The data were a satisfactory fit for the model. Thus, PTSD may be relevant in understanding perceptions of parenthood, which may be important to address and ultimately improve parenting outcomes among parents with PTSD.
Effect of early tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Dochi Hirotomo , Nojima Masanori , Matsumura Michiya , Cammack Ivor , Furuta Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the timing of tracheostomy in patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation using two methods: analysis of early versus late tracheostomy and landmark analysis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients who were emergently intubated and admitted into the intensive care unit or high dependency unit between January 2011 and August 2016, with or without tracheostomy, were included. In the early and late tracheostomy analysis, all patients were divided into early (≤10 days, n = 88) and late (>10 days, n = 132) groups. In the landmark analysis, 198 patients requiring ventilation for more than 10 days were divided into early tracheostomy (≤10 days, n = 57) and nonearly tracheostomy (>10 days, n = 141) groups. We compared 60‐day ventilation withdrawal rate and 60‐day mortality.ResultsEarly tracheostomy was a significant factor for early ventilation withdrawal, as shown by log‐rank test results (early and late tracheostomy: P = .001, landmark: P = .021). Multivariable analysis showed that the early group was also associated with a higher chance of ventilation withdrawal in each analysis (early and late tracheostomy: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–2.39, P = .003; landmark: aHR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.06–2.38, P = .027). Early tracheostomy, however, was not associated with improved 60‐day mortality (early and late tracheostomy: aHR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.46–1.69, P = .71; landmark: aHR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.58–3.66; P = .42).ConclusionFor patients requiring ventilation, performing tracheostomy within 10 days of admission was independently associated with shortened duration of mechanical ventilation; 60‐day mortality was not associated with the timing of tracheostomy.Level of Evidence2b
Observations of radiatively driven convection in a deep lake
Authors: Austin Jay A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObservations of radiatively driven convection in deep, ice‐free Lake Superior from a set of moorings and an autonomous glider are used to characterize the spatial and temporal scales of the phenomenon. The moored observations show that instability builds at the surface on scales of hours, water near the bottom of the lake begins warming roughly 6 h after sunup, and the water column homogenizes a few hours after sundown. Glider observations suggest the existence of distinct convective chimneys, which carry warmed water to depth with horizontal scales on the order of tens of meters. Patches of photoquenched phytoplankton coincide with patches of anomalously warm water, providing a secondary tracer of water recently in the euphotic zone, and provide insight into the vertical development of convective chimneys. An analysis of the abundance of convective chimneys is used to estimate the lateral scale of convective cells, which appears to be on the order of 50 m.
Bioactive peptides and proteins as alternative antiplatelet drugs
Authors: Rengasamy Kannan R.R. , Khan Haroon , Ahmad Imad , Lobine Devina , Mahomoodally Fawzi , Suroowan Shanoo , Hassan Sherif T.S. , Xu Suowen , Patel Seema , Daglia Maria , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntiplatelet drugs reduce the risks associated with atherothrombotic events and show various applications in diverse cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarctions. Efficacy of the current antiplatelet medicines including aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, are limited due to their increased risks of bleeding, and antiplatelet drug resistance. Hence, it is important to develop new effective antiplatelet drugs, with fewer side‐effects. The vast repertoire of natural peptides can be explored towards this goal. Proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms and plants represent exciting candidates for the development of novel and potent antiplatelet agents. Consequently, this review discusses multiple peptides that have displayed antiplatelet aggregation activity in preclinical drug development stages. This review also describes the antiplatelet mechanisms of the peptides, emphasizing the signaling pathways intervened by them. Also, the hurdles encountered during the development of peptides into antiplatelet drugs have been listed. Finally, hitherto unexplored peptides with the potential to prevent platelet aggregation are explored.
Free‐breathing cine imaging with motion‐corrected reconstruction at 3T using SPiral Acquisition with Respiratory correction and Cardiac Self‐gating (SPARCS)
Authors: Zhou Ruixi , Yang Yang , Mathew Roshin C. , Mugler John P. , Weller Daniel S. , Kramer Christopher M. , Ahmed Abdul Haseeb , Jacob Mathews , Salerno Michael 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo develop a continuous‐acquisition cardiac self‐gated spiral pulse sequence and a respiratory motion‐compensated reconstruction strategy for free‐breathing cine imaging.MethodsCine data were acquired continuously on a 3T scanner for 8 seconds per slice without ECG gating or breath‐holding, using a golden‐angle gradient echo spiral pulse sequence. Cardiac motion information was extracted by applying principal component analysis on the gridded 8 × 8 k‐space center data. Respiratory motion was corrected by rigid registration on each heartbeat. Images were reconstructed using a low‐rank and sparse (L+S) technique. This strategy was evaluated in 37 healthy subjects and 8 subjects undergoing clinical cardiac MR studies. Image quality was scored (1–5 scale) in a blinded fashion by 2 experienced cardiologists. In 13 subjects with whole‐heart coverage, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from SPiral Acquisition with Respiratory correction and Cardiac Self‐gating (SPARCS) was compared to that from a standard ECG‐gated breath‐hold balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine sequence.ResultsThe self‐gated signal was successfully extracted in all cases and demonstrated close agreement with the acquired ECG signal (mean bias, –0.22 ms). The mean image score across all subjects was 4.0 for reconstruction using the L+S model. There was good agreement between the LVEF derived from SPARCS and the gold‐standard bSSFP technique.ConclusionSPARCS successfully images cardiac function without the need for ECG gating or breath‐holding. With an 8‐second data acquisition per slice, whole‐heart cine images with clinically acceptable spatial and temporal resolution and image quality can be acquired in <90 seconds of free‐breathing acquisition.
Mathematical formulation and heuristic algorithm for the block relocation and loading problem
Authors: Zhu Huiling , Ji Mingjun , Guo Wenwen , Wang Qingbin , Yang Yongzhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study considers the block relocation and loading problem in container terminals. The optimal loading sequence and relocation location are simultaneously decided on the basis of the desired ship‐bay and initial yard space configuration. An integer linear programming model is developed to minimize the number of relocations in the yard space on the basis of no shifts in the ship bay. The accuracy of the model is tested on small‐scale scenarios by using CPLEX. Considering the problem size in the real world, we present a rule‐based heuristic method that is combined with a mathematical model for the removal, loading, and relocation operations. The influence of rules on algorithm performance is also analyzed, and the heuristic algorithm is compared with different types of algorithms in the literature. The extensive numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed heuristic algorithm.
Isogeometric topology optimization for continuum structures using density distribution function
Authors: Gao Jie , Gao Liang , Luo Zhen , Li Peigen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper will propose a more effective and efficient topology optimization method based on isogeometric analysis, termed as isogeometric topology optimization (ITO), for continuum structures using an enhanced density distribution function (DDF). The construction of the DDF involves two steps. (1) Smoothness: the Shepard function is firstly utilized to improve the overall smoothness of nodal densities. Each nodal density is assigned to a control point of the geometry. (2) Continuity: the high‐order NURBS basis functions are linearly combined with the smoothed nodal densities to construct the DDF for the design domain. The nonnegativity, partition of unity, and restricted bounds [0, 1] of both the Shepard function and NURBS basis functions can guarantee the physical meaning of material densities in the design. A topology optimization formulation to minimize the structural mean compliance is developed based on the DDF and isogeometric analysis to solve structural responses. An integration of the geometry parameterization and numerical analysis can offer the unique benefits for the optimization. Several 2D and 3D numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed ITO method, and the optimized 3D designs are prototyped using the Selective Laser Sintering technique.