bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible communication within bird families—The consequences of behavioral plasticity for parent–offspring coadaptation
Authors: Fresneau Nolwenn , Müller Wendt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOffspring are selected to demand more resources than what is optimal for their parents to provide, which results in a complex and dynamic interplay during parental care. Parent–offspring communication often involves conspicuous begging by the offspring which triggers a parental response, typically the transfer of food. So begging and parental provisioning reciprocally influence each other and are therefore expected to coevolve. There is indeed empirical evidence for covariation of offspring begging and parental provisioning at the phenotypic level. However, whether this reflects genetic correlations of mean levels of behaviors or a covariation of the slopes of offspring demand and parental supply functions (= behavioral plasticity) is not known. The latter has gone rather unnoticed—despite the obvious dynamics of parent–offspring communication. In this study, we measured parental provisioning and begging behavior at two different hunger levels using canaries (Serinus canaria) as a model species. This enabled us to simultaneously study the plastic responses of the parents and the offspring to changes in offspring need. We first tested whether parent and offspring behaviors covary phenotypically. Then, using a covariance partitioning approach, we estimated whether the covariance predominantly occurred at a between‐nest level (i.e., indicating a fixed strategy) or at a within‐nest level (i.e., reflecting a flexible strategy). We found positive phenotypic covariation of offspring begging and parental provisioning, confirming previous evidence. Yet, this phenotypic covariation was mainly driven by a covariance at the within‐nest level. That is parental and offspring behaviors covary because of a plastic behavioral coadjustment, indicating that behavioral plasticity could be a main driver of parent–offspring coadaptation.
Treatment patterns of patients with acute heart failure who develop acute kidney injury
Authors: Boulos Jubran , Darawsha Wisam , Abassi Zaid A. , Azzam Zaher S. , Aronson Doron 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsIn the present study, we aimed to determine the relationship between therapeutic decisions during the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF) patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent renal and clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsWe studied 277 patients with AHF and AKI, defined as an increase of >0.3 mg/dL in serum creatinine. The physician response to AKI was determined through a treatment composite score that captured changes in medical management in response to AKI, including a reduction (≥50%) or discontinuation of selected medication classes [angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE‐Is/ARBs), beta‐blockers, and diuretics] and fluids administration. ACE‐Is/ARBs, beta‐blockers, and diuretics were reduced or discontinued in 103 (55.4%), 84 (38.9%), and 166 (61.5%), respectively. Fluids were administered to 130 (46.9%) patients. Discontinuation rates of ACE‐Is/ARBs, beta‐blockers, diuretics, and fluids administration were higher in patients with hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg; P = 0.001). In a logistic regression model, a composite score > 1 was associated with greater likelihood of renal function recovery (odds ratio 3.47, 95% confidence interval 2.06–5.83; P < 0.0001) but with a smaller reduction in congestion index (P = 0.021). Unadjusted 6 months mortality was higher in patients with a composite treatment score > 1 (hazard ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.61; P = 0.01). After adjustments, the treatment composite score was no longer associated with mortality.ConclusionsDiscontinuation or dose reduction of diuretics or neurohormonal blockers may improve renal outcome at the price of less efficient decongestion. Our results emphasize the need for randomized clinical trials that address the treatment of AHF patients with AKI.
Modern‐day cardio‐oncology: a report from the ‘Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018’
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Lena Alessia , Hadzibegovic Sara , Belenkov Yury , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , de Boer Rudolf A. , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Farmakis Dimitrios , von Haehling Stephan , López‐Fernández Teresa , Pudil Radek , Suter Thomas , Tocchetti Carlo G. , Lyon Alexander R. ,   for the Heart Failure Association Cardio‐Oncology Study Group of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the ‘Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018’, many sessions and lectures focused on cardio‐oncology. This important field of research is constantly growing, and therefore, a great amount of time during the congress focused on it. Prevention and early recognition of side effects is very important in cancer patients. One of the most common and potentially severe problems during antineoplastic therapy is cardiotoxicity. Hence, cardio‐oncology is vital in managing cancer patients. This paper will summarize the topics discussed in three main sessions and many additional lectures throughout the ‘Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018’. The covered topics included pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of heart failure, risk factors, and early signs of cardiotoxicity detectable with different circulating and imaging biomarkers, as well as cardioprotective treatments recommended by different guidelines and position papers.
High-throughput screening and environmental risk assessment: State of the science and emerging applications
Authors: Villeneuve Daniel L. , Coady Katie , Escher Beate I. , Mihaich Ellen , Murphy Cheryl A. , Schlekat Tamar , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

In 2007 the United States National Research Council (NRC) published a vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century that emphasized the use of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) methods and predictive models as an alternative to in vivo animal testing. In the present study we examine the state of the science of HTS and the progress that has been made in implementing and expanding on the NRC vision, as well as challenges to implementation that remain. Overall, significant progress has been made with regard to the availability of HTS data, aggregation of chemical property and toxicity information into online databases, and the development of various models and frameworks to support extrapolation of HTS data. However, HTS data and associated predictive models have not yet been widely applied in risk assessment. Major barriers include the disconnect between the endpoints measured in HTS assays and the assessment endpoints considered in risk assessments as well as the rapid pace at which new tools and models are evolving in contrast with the slow pace at which regulatory structures change. Nonetheless, there are opportunities for environmental scientists and policymakers alike to take an impactful role in the ongoing development and implementation of the NRC vision. Six specific areas for scientific coordination and/or policy engagement are identified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:12–26. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Internalization choices under competition: A game theoretic approach
Authors: Hashai Niron , Adler Nicole 
Published: December 2018

Research SummaryA long‐standing void in international business literature is understanding whether and how the internalization choices of competing multinational enterprises (MNEs) affect each other. This paper presents a game‐theoretic, location‐allocation mathematical model that predicts the organizational boundaries of competing MNEs. Given multiple players in the market, the game analyzes the competition between MNEs with respect to market share, yielding Nash equilibria that determine how many MNEs will be left in the market, and whether their production and marketing sites are internalized or outsourced. Results of computational experiments suggest that the internalization choices of profit maximizing MNEs that compete with each other, sharply deviate from the internalization choices ignoring such competition.
Managerial SummaryWe present a game theory model of the effect of competition between multinational enterprises (MNEs) on their decisions whether to outsource or internalize production and marketing activities. Our model predicts that, at the presence of even modest knowledge transfer costs, such competition likely results in a monopoly outcome. The monopolistic MNE outsources production and builds on the resources that are freed due to this outsourcing to establish more research and development units and internalize marketing units. In addition, our model shows that when knowledge transfer costs are negligible, entry barrier reduce and more competitors arises. These competing MNEs will split markets between them in order to avoid direct competition, will have a greater propensity to outsource their marketing sites, and will need fewer marketing sites to control worldwide sales.
An increase in intracellular p62/NBR1 and persistence of Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei in infected mice linked to autophagy deficiency
Authors: Saikh Kamal U. , Dankmeyer Jennifer L. , Zeng Xiankun , Ulrich Robert G. , Amemiya Kei 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionBurkholderia mallei (B. mallei) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, are invasive intracellular pathogens that actively multiply in phagocytic and non‐phagocytic cells. Activation of cell‐autonomous autophagy mechanism eliminate intracellular pathogens in which p62 a cytosolic cargo protein is selectively degraded, and an accumulation of this marker occurs if autophagy is deficient. Recurrent, relapsed and reinfection of B. pseudomallei in melioidosis patients in endemic area indicative of lack of complete of clearance and persistence of the pathogen. Reasoning that abundance in the levels of p62 may provide an indication of the intracellular infection, we sought to examine whether increase in intracellular p62 and bacterial burden with Burkholderia infection are linked to autophagy deficiency.MethodsIn this study, we investigated cell culture and mouse models of disease to identify an association between autophagy biomarkers (p62/NBR1) accumulation and intracellular persistence of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei.ResultsWe demonstrate, that elevated levels of intracellular p62/NBR1 correlated with bacterial persistence, while pre‐treatment with a pharmacological inducer of autophagy, rapamycin, reduced both intracellular p62, and bacterial survival. Our results showed an elevated p62 levels (2‐5 fold) in spleen and liver cells of Burkholderia‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as in spleen cells of Burkholderia‐infected C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that an increase in p62/NBR1 was due to an autophagy deficiency. Similar to p62, cytosolic LC3‐I levels were also elevated, while the characteristic conversion to the autophagosome‐associated membrane bound form LC3‐II was low in spleens of the infected mice further supporting the conclusion that autophagy was deficient.ConclusionTaken together, our results suggest that an increase in intracellular p62/NBR1 may be a potential host cell biomarker of B. mallei or B. pseudomallei infections, and identifying autophagy manipulation may potentially aid to therapeutic approach for complete clearance of the pathogen.
Optical positioning technology of an assisted puncture robot based on binocular vision
Authors: Jiang Guanwu , Luo Minzhou , Bai Keqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPercutaneous image‐guided interventions are increasing in number in clinical practice because they are minimally invasive. Needle positioning placement is crucial and highly dependent on the physician's skills and experience, it is often the longest part of the intervention. Medical robotics and computer‐assisted surgery are hotspots in the field of robotics and medicine, changing the essence of traditional surgery using a combination of robotic, image processing, and computer technologies. The present paper aimed to study the auxiliary puncture procedure using a robot based on optical positioning technology that can be used to mark points in puncturing operation. Binocular camera is used for image acquisition, and Zhang's calibration method is used to establish the binocular camera model. In addition, the circular markers are identified by the least square method detection circle, and the coordinate information of the markers in three‐dimensional space is solved by using the visual depth information of binocular phases. This paper studies the verification of the three‐dimensional bone model of the human body, which lays a foundation for the application of the assistant puncture robot.
Development of a Subcutaneous Fixed‐Dose Combination of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab: Results From the Phase Ib Dose‐Finding Study
Authors: Kirschbrown Whitney P. , Wynne Chris , Kågedal Matts , Wada Russ , Li Hanbin , Wang Bei , Nijem Ihsan , Badovinac Crnjevic Tanja , Gasser Helena , Heeson Sarah , Eng‐Wong Jennifer , Garg Amit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdding pertuzumab to trastuzumab (both monoclonal antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) has proven survival benefits when combined with chemotherapy for patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer. The combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab together in 1 vial for subcutaneous (SC) administration is being developed as a ready‐to‐use formulation to reduce the treatment burden on patients while improving healthcare efficiency. An open‐label, 2‐part, phase Ib dose‐finding study (NCT02738970) was undertaken in healthy male volunteers (part 1) and female patients with HER2‐postive early breast cancer who had completed standard (neo)adjuvant treatment (part 2). This study aimed to identify an SC pertuzumab dose given with recombinant human hyaluronidase that results in comparable exposure to that of the intravenous (IV) pertuzumab dose, based on pertuzumab serum trough concentration and area under the serum concentration–time curve. Pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of a single dose of SC pertuzumab given alone or in a fixed‐dose combination (comixed or coformulated) with trastuzumab were also assessed. A maintenance dose of 600 mg for SC pertuzumab resulted in an equivalent exposure to that of IV pertuzumab, and no new safety signals were identified for SC pertuzumab or trastuzumab. A loading dose of 1200 mg for SC pertuzumab was selected based on approximate dose proportionality. The PK and safety results support further development of a fixed‐dose coformulation combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab for SC administration, which will be investigated in an upcoming phase III trial in patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer.
Significance of repeat magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Kamiya Naoko , Hatakeyama Shuji , Kanda Naoki , Yonaha Sho , Akine Dai , Yamamoto Yu , Matsumura Masami 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVertebral osteomyelitis can result in serious complications if diagnosis is delayed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the most useful modality for the early diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis. We examined three patients with vertebral osteomyelitis whose initial MRI (obtained <2 weeks after the onset of symptoms) did not reveal obvious findings of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. However, follow‐up MRI clearly demonstrated typical findings of the disease. This case series illustrates that a repeat MRI must be performed 2‐4 weeks after the onset of symptoms in patients presenting with clinical manifestations and microbiological findings suggestive of vertebral osteomyelitis.
T2‐based MRI Delta‐radiomics improve response prediction in soft‐tissue sarcomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Crombé Amandine , Périer Cynthia , Kind Michèle , De Senneville Baudouin Denis , Le Loarer François , Italiano Antoine , Buy Xavier , Saut Olivier 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundStandard of care for patients with high‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) are being redefined since neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has demonstrated a positive effect on patients' outcome. Yet response evaluation in clinical trials still relies on RECIST criteria.PurposeTo investigate the added value of a Delta‐radiomics approach for early response prediction in patients with STS undergoing NAC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationSixty‐five adult patients with newly‐diagnosed, locally‐advanced, histologically proven high‐grade STS of trunk and extremities. All were treated by anthracycline‐based NAC followed by surgery and had available MRI at baseline and after two chemotherapy cycles.Field Strength/SequencePre‐ and postcontrast enhanced T1‐weighted imaging (T1‐WI), turbo spin echo T2‐WI at 1.5 T.AssessmentA threshold of <10% viable cells on surgical specimens defined good response (Good‐HR). Two senior radiologists performed a semantic analysis of the MRI. After 3D manual segmentation of tumors at baseline and early evaluation, and standardization of voxel‐sizes and intensities, absolute changes in 33 texture and shape features were calculated.Statistical TestsClassification models based on logistic regression, support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, and random forests were elaborated using crossvalidation (training and validation) on 50 patients ("training cohort") and was validated on 15 other patients ("test cohort").ResultsSixteen patients were good‐HR. Neither RECIST status (P = 0.112) nor semantic radiological variables were associated with response (range of P‐values: 0.134–0.490) except an edema decrease (P = 0.003), although 14 shape and texture features were (range of P‐values: 0.002–0.037). On the training cohort, the highest diagnostic performances were obtained with random forests built on three features: Δ_Histogram_Entropy, Δ_Elongation, Δ_Surrounding_Edema, which provided: area under the curve the receiver operating characteristic = 0.86, accuracy = 88.1%, sensitivity = 94.1%, and specificity = 66.3%. On the test cohort, this model provided an accuracy of 74.6% but 3/5 good‐HR were systematically ill‐classified.Data ConclusionA T2‐based Delta‐radiomics approach might improve early response assessment in STS patients with a limited number of features.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:497–510.
Reaching across the aisle: Cross‐disciplinary collaboration in otolaryngology research
Authors: Kim Sun Joo , Choi Won Kyu , Lee Andrew H. , Yi Paul H. , Boss Emily 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesCollaboration and diversity of expertise are increasingly emphasized in the production of successful research. However, the degree of cross‐disciplinary collaboration in otolaryngology research is unknown. In this study, we quantify cross‐disciplinary collaboration in otolaryngology publications.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed authorship and study characteristics for all original articles published from January 2014 to December 2016 in three key peer‐reviewed otolaryngology journals: Laryngoscope, Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, and JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. Author affiliations and online searches were used to determine author's primary discipline. Subspecialty topic of article, study design, and funding sources were also recorded. Fisher exact test was used to compare characteristics of articles with and without cross‐disciplinary authorship.ResultsA total of 2,378 articles were reviewed, of which 1,312 (55%) articles had one or more cross‐disciplinary collaborators. Among articles with cross‐disciplinary collaboration, the greatest representation of disciplines was from other medical specialties (1,109, 50.9%), epidemiology/biostatistics (266, 12.2%), pathology/histology (175, 8.0%), biologic sciences (168, 7.7%), and radiology/imaging (144, 6.6%). Cross‐disciplinary studies had a significantly greater proportion of articles on the topic of head and neck compared to studies without collaboration (P < 0.0001). The proportion of funded studies was significantly greater among articles with collaboration compared to articles without collaboration (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe majority of articles published during a 3‐year period in three influential otolaryngology journals had cross‐disciplinary collaboration. There is potential opportunity for further leveraging expertise, funding opportunities, and dissemination of key findings through collaborative research.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1800–1805, 2019
Hybrid supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy via transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Nakayama Meijin , Holsinger F. Christopher , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe a hybrid supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (hybrid SCPL‐CHEP) combining limited transcervical and transoral robotic approaches.Study DesignPreclinical cadaveric study.MethodsUsing six human cadavers in a series of three preclinical laboratories (July 2016–February 2018), we developed a novel hybrid technique for SCPL‐CHEP. A flexible single‐port robotic surgical system was utilized for the transoral aspects of the procedure.ResultsDetailed procedural steps are defined: 1) transoral: mucosal incisions under direct visualization of the laryngopharynx (tumor resection); 2) transcervical: incision and mobilization of the larynx and pexis; and 3) transoral: mucosal closure. Hybrid SCPL‐CHEP was technically feasible and allowed for complete transoral mucosal reconstruction. We discuss potential clinical significance of adding this TORS approach to conventional open SCPL‐CHEP.ConclusionsThis hybrid technique for SCPL‐CHEP provides two main advantages over the standard technique: direct visualization during tumor resection prior to laryngotomy and full closure of the laryngopharynx defect. These technical refinements might facilitate postoperative recovery and in turn make this larynx preservation procedure more accessible to patients and surgeons. A clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of hybrid SCPL‐CHEP appears warranted to validate these observations.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2065–2070, 2019