bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What differentiates the entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs on nature and nurture?
Authors: Kazmi Syed Zaheer Abbas , Khan Samiuddin , Nábrádi András 
Published: June 2018

Based on the importance and contribution of entrepreneurship in economic development, it is vital to know that what underlying factors may promote the spirit of entrepreneurship? The entrepreneurship literature suggests two kinds of broader influencers or predictors for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs “nature” and “nurture”. In this study “nature” includes the psychological or personality related factors; self-confidence, locus of control, risk-taking propensity and trust levels. The “nurture” is explained by the effects from society in general and friends and family in particular. To answer the question “What differentiates the entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs on nature and nurture?” we collected data through questionnaire from 155 respondents. The 70 respondents were entrepreneurs and 85 were non-entrepreneurs. Step-wise discriminant analysis was used to determine the discriminating factors for entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. Results indicate that societal impacts, risk taking propensity and trust levels were significantly discriminating the two groups; entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The study has important implications for policy makers, academicians, researchers and potential entrepreneurs.
JEL Code: L26, M13
Economic issues of duck production: A case study from Hungary
Authors: Molnár Szilvia , Szőllősi László 
Published: June 2018

The Hungarian waterfowl sector is characterised by export orientation, as 55-57% of the revenue comes from exports, so its importance is high in the national economy. The production of slaughter animals in the duck sector has doubled in the last decade. The objective of the study is to examine production parameters, as well as the cost and profit situation of broiler duck production and to reveal the correlations between the factors with a case study through the example of a Hungarian company. The production parameters and cost data of the investigated farm (2014-2016, 96 production cycles) were analysed using descriptive statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis. The results show that the average cost of the duck produced in intensive, closed farming system was between 72.6 and 101.7 eurocent kg-1. The most significant cost items were feed (52-63%) and chicken cost (14-19%). The sales price decreased from 112.9 eurocent kg-1 to 98.4 eurocent kg-1 during the examined period, resulting in a profit from -3.3 to 25.7 eurocent kg-1, and overall profitability was decreasing. The study also revealed that there was no correlation between average cost and final bodyweight, while the correlation between average cost and reared period was weak. At the same time, the relationship between average cost and average daily weight gain, mortality, feed conversion ratio was moderate. In addition, the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) can be adapted to the duck sector as strong, positive relationship can be scientifically verified between the indicator and average cost. There is a close correlation between the sold live weight per m2 and the amount of feed used per m2, as well as between the final bodyweight and the amount of feed used to rear a duck, while the correlation between average cost and the sold live weight per m2 is weak.
JEL Code: Q13, Q19
A Locked Intraosseous Nail for Transverse Patellar Fractures
Authors: Nienhaus Michael , Zderic Ivan , Wahl Dieter , Gueorguiev Boyko , Rommens Pol Maria 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Displaced transverse patellar fractures require open reduction and internal fixation. State-of-the-art stabilization techniques are tension band wiring (TBW) using Kirschner wires or cannulated screws. These techniques are associated with high rates of secondary fracture displacement, implant migration, implant prominence, wound-healing disturbances, and the need for implant removal. Recently, a locked intraosseous patellar nail prototype was developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biomechanical performance of this nail compared with TBW using cannulated screws.

Methods:
Seven paired fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were stripped of all soft tissues except the extensor apparatus. A transverse osteotomy was created to simulate an OTA/AO type 34-C1 transverse patellar fracture. The specimen pairs were randomly assigned to be fixed with TBW using cannulated screws or with the new intraosseous nail. Each specimen was cyclically tested for 5,000 cycles by pulling on the quadriceps tendon and simulating active knee extension and passive knee flexion within the range from 90° of flexion to full knee extension. Anterior and articular margin displacement of the fracture as well as interfragmentary rotation around the mediolateral axis were investigated with optical motion tracking after 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 test cycles.

Results:
Within the respective 5 testing-cycle time points evaluated, the articular margin displaced on average 68%, 60%, 72%, 76%, and 81% less after intraosseous nailing compared with TBW. Whereas the difference remained nonsignificant after 100 and 500 cycles (p ≥ 0.116), a trend toward significance was observed after 1,000 cycles (p = 0.063), which became significant after 2,500 and 5,000 cycles (p ≤ 0.043).

Conclusions:
From a biomechanical point of view, the locked intraosseous patellar nail may be an alternative to TBW using cannulated screws because of the higher interfragmentary stability provided at the articular fracture site.

Clinical Relevance:
A locked patellar nail for transverse patellar fractures achieved a stable osteosynthetic construct that may reduce hardware-associated complications because of its intraosseous positioning.
Intravenous Versus Topical Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Abdel Matthew P. , Chalmers Brian P. , Taunton Michael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J. , Lee Yuo-yu , Boettner Friedrich , Su Edwin P. , Haas Steven B. , Figgie Mark P. , Mayman David J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding and the need for transfusion after total knee arthroplasty. Most literature has focused on intravenous (IV) administration of TXA, with less data available on the efficacy of topically administered TXA. This multicenter randomized clinical trial specifically assessed the efficacy of topical TXA compared with IV TXA as measured by calculated blood loss, drain output, and transfusion rates. Complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), were reported.

Methods:
A total of 640 patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis at 2 large academic centers were randomized to receive 1 g of IV TXA prior to tourniquet inflation and 1 g at closure, or 3 g of TXA diluted in 45 mL of normal saline solution (total volume of 75 mL) and topically applied after cementation. Age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and preoperative hemoglobin level were similar between the groups. Univariate, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Patients who received topical TXA had significantly greater calculated blood loss compared with those who received IV TXA (mean of 324 compared with 271 mL; p = 0.005). Drain output was significantly higher in the topical TXA group compared with the IV TXA group (mean of 560 compared with 456 mL; p < 0.0001). The rate of transfusion was low in the topical and IV groups, with no significant difference on univariate analysis (1.6% compared with 0.6%, respectively; p = 0.45); however, on multiple logistic regression analysis, patients who received topical TXA were 2.2-fold more likely to receive a transfusion (p < 0.0001). The topical and IV TXA groups did not differ significantly with respect to the rate of thrombotic events (0.6% compared with 1.6%, respectively; p = 0.45).

Conclusions:
In this large, randomized clinical trial involving patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, both IV and topical TXA were associated with a low rate of transfusion. While IV TXA was associated with less calculated blood loss, lower drain output, and fewer transfusions, the small differences between the groups may not be clinically important. Given the low prevalence of thrombotic complications, the relative safety of one formulation of TXA over the other cannot be definitely established.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot
Authors: van Praag Veroniek M. , Lysenko Magdalena , Harvey Barbara , Yankanah Rosanna , Wright James G. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Up to 40% of patients with idiopathic clubfoot who are treated with the Ponseti method experience recurrence of deformity. Many of these patients receive surgery (e.g., anterior tibial tendon transfer). An alternative approach for recurrent clubfoot is repeat Ponseti casting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of repeat Ponseti casting in the treatment of recurrent clubfoot.

Methods:
Patients with recurrent idiopathic clubfoot who were treated at our hospital, between 2004 and 2012, with repeat serial casting and bracing (the recurrent group) were eligible for inclusion in the study. The recurrent group and a control group of randomly selected patients seen during the same period who had not had recurrence were compared with respect to demographic data, age at the time of treatment, number of casts, subsequent surgical intervention(s), and the Disease-Specific Instrument (DSI) clubfoot scale. Patients were deemed to have a successful outcome if they had a well-corrected foot (defined as dorsiflexion of ≥10°, hindfoot in valgus, and a straight lateral border) at the time of follow-up.

Results:
Of a total of 71 eligible patients with clubfeet, 35 patients participated. At the time of follow-up, success rates were 74% for the recurrent group and 83% for the control group. Dorsiflexion past neutral was significantly higher in the control group than the patient group (20° versus 12°, respectively; p < 0.001). Ninety-five percent of the control subjects had a straight lateral border in comparison with 78% in the recurrent group (p = 0.004). Likewise, 97% of controls had the hindfoot in valgus in comparison with 80% of the recurrent group (p = 0.02). There was a significant difference in the ability to squat (76% in the control group and 43% in the recurrent group; p = 0.03). There was no difference between groups in the total outcome of the DSI.

Conclusions:
Recurrence was seen in 19% (71) of 382 children who were eligible for our study who were typically discharged after the age of 5 years from our clinic, indicating the importance of continued follow-up until after that age. Treatment with casting was successful in many patients and may be a reasonable choice for recurrent idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The 2017 American Orthopaedic Association North American Traveling Fellowship
Authors: Goldstein Christina L. , Tintle Scott M. , Hogan MaCalus V. , Ravi Bheeshma , Waterman Brian R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
Initially established in 1967, the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) North American Traveling Fellowship was designed to promote leadership development, network creation, and knowledge exchange among emerging leaders in orthopaedic surgery, and it remains one of the AOA’s flagship tours. In 2017, the fellows visited 10 academic medical centers on the West Coast of Canada and the United States, participating in leadership, academic, clinical, and team-building activities. On the tour, we formed countless new friendships and collaborations, including exceptionally strong ones with each other. Because the 5 fellows came from diverse social, ethnic, religious, political, educational, and clinical backgrounds, the group discussions were lively and engaging. We all agree that the friendships that were made, the experiences that were encountered, and the lessons that were learned during the tour are priceless and will never be forgotten.
Current and Promising Therapies in Autosomal Recessive Ataxias
Authors: Picher-Martel Vincent , Dupre Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

Background & Objective: Ataxia is clinically characterized by unsteady gait and imbalance.
Cerebellar disorders may arise from many causes such as metabolic diseases, stroke or genetic
mutations. The genetic causes are classified by mode of inheritance and include autosomal dominant,
X-linked and autosomal recessive ataxias. Many years have passed since the description of the Friedreich's
ataxia, the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, and mutations in many other genes have
now been described. The genetic mutations mostly result in the accumulation of toxic metabolites
which causes Purkinje neuron lost and eventual cerebellar dysfunction. Unfortunately, the recessive
ataxias remain a poorly known group of diseases and most of them are yet untreatable.

Conclusion:
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive clinical profile and to review the
currently available therapies. We overview the physiopathology, neurological features and diagnostic
approach of the common recessive ataxias. The emphasis is also made on potential drugs currently or
soon-to-be in clinical trials. For instance, promising gene therapies raise the possibility of treating differently
Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Wilson's disease and Niemann-Pick disease in the
next few years.
Aluminum Suppresses Effect of Nicotine on Gamma Oscillations (20-40 Hz) in Mouse Hippocampal Slices
Authors: Farhat Syeda Mehpara , Ahmed Touqeer 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Aluminum (Al) causes neurodegeneration and its toxic effects on cholinergic
system in the brain is well documented. However, it is unknown whether and how Al changes oscillation
patterns, driven by the cholinergic system, in the hippocampus.

Objective:
We studied acute effects of Al on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)-mediated
modulation of persistent gamma oscillations in the hippocampus.

Method:
The field potential recording was done in CA3 area of acute hippocampal slices.

Results:
Carbachol-induced gamma oscillation peak power increased (1.32±0.09mV2/Hz, P<0.01) in
control conditions (without Al) by application of 10µM nicotine as compared to baseline value normalized
to 1. This nicotine-induced facilitation of gamma oscillation peak power was found to depend
on non-α7 nAChRs. In slices with Al
pre-incubation for three to four hours, gamma oscillation peak
power was reduced (5.4±1.8mV2/Hz, P<0.05) and facilitatory effect of nicotine on gamma oscillation
peak power was blocked as compared to the control (18.06±2.1mV2/Hz) or one hour Al pre-incubated
slices (11.3±2.5mV2/Hz). Intriguingly wash-out, after three to four hours of Al incubation, failed to restore
baseline oscillation power and its facilitation by nicotine as no difference was observed in
gamma oscillation peak power between Al wash-out slices (3.4±1.1mV2/Hz) and slices without washout
(3.6±0.9mV2/Hz).

Conclusion:
This study shows that at cellular level, exposure of hippocampal tissue to Al compromised
nAChR-mediated facilitation of cholinergic hippocampal gamma oscillations. Longer in vitro
Al exposure caused permanent changes in hippocampal oscillogenic circuitry and changed its sensitivity
to nAChR-modulation. This study will help to understand the possible mechanism of cognitive decline
induced by Al.
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report
Authors: Ergun Gulfem , Ataol Ayse Seda 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Generally, the appropriate rehabilitation concepts of patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) should include a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Case Report:
This case report describes full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with AI. A 20 years old woman was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of tooth discoloration, diastema, unsatisfactory esthetics and slight tooth sensitivity. Clinical, histological and radiographic examination revealed hypoplastic AI. Short crowns, diastema, occlusal wear with exposed dentin in the posterior areas, the lack of contact points, dental caries and discoloration were the other clinical findings.

Results:
As a result of the periodontal and prosthetic evaluation, gingivectomy and ostectomy were planned, and they followed a full mouth fixed prosthetic restoration.

Conclusion:
There was no complication or complaint in a 3-year follow-up. At the end of this follow-up period, the patient was satisfied with esthetics, function and phonation properties of her prostheses.
Servicio público de aseo en Bogotá y políticas para la población recicladora.
Authors: Barriga Chia Jairo Alberto 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo es un análisis crítico de la política pública para la inclusión de la población recicladora de oficio en el servicio de aseo de Bogotá, Colombia. Las demandas realizadas por una población en condiciones de vulnerabilidad manifiesta le dan origen a una serie de temas relacionados con el servicio público de aseo en el componente de aprovechamiento. El periodo de referencia está ubicado entre los años 2012 – 2016, en el cual se analizan las valoraciones sobre el impacto del programa Basura Cero en indicadores como la formalización de la población recicladora y la gestión de residuos.
New estimates of Australia’s centenarian population
Authors: Wilson Tom , Terblanche Wilma 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionThe population of Australia at the very highest ages is growing rapidly, like that of many countries. But official population estimates at these ages are of lower quality than those at younger ages, a problem shared by many countries which base their population estimates on census counts. This has implications for many uses of the data, especially rates for which the estimates provide denominators.
ObjectiveThe aims of this paper are to (1) present new population estimates of Australia’s centenarian population (those aged 100 years and above) for 1981 to 2016 which are better quality than official statistics, and (2) illustrate the utility of such estimates as rate denominators by calculating centenarian death rates.
MethodsPopulation estimates at the highest ages were prepared using a combination of the Extinct Cohort method and a modified Survivor Ratio method. The key modifications of the latter involve projecting and smoothing Survivor Ratios within an iterative set of calculations. Death rates were calculated as standard occurrence/exposure rates. Input data of deaths and official Estimated Resident Populations were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
ResultsWe show that Australia’s centenarian population grew from about 500 in 1981 to just over 3,900 by 2016, equivalent to an annual average growth rate of 5.9%. Centenarian death rates for the 1981-2016 period remained roughly steady, averaging 0.44 for females and 0.51 for males.
ConclusionsOur modified approach adds a degree of stability to the Survivor Ratio method and yields high-quality population estimates and death rates at advanced ages. It could easily be implemented by national statistical offices.
Exploring longitudinal care histories for looked after children: a sequence analysis of administrative social care data
Authors: McGrath-Lone Louise , Harron Katie , Dearden Lorraine , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOutcomes for children in care vary by the stability of their placements (for example, more placement changes have been associated with poorer educational attainment). Official statistics describing the stability of care histories for children in England are limited to placement changes within a 12-month period. These annual statistical ‘snapshots’ cannot capture the complexity of children’s experiences; however, as administrative data have been routinely collected since 1992, it is possible to reconstruct longitudinal care histories.
ObjectiveTo identify distinct patterns of care history by applying sequence analysis methods to longitudinal, administrative data.
MethodsWe extracted care histories from birth to age 18 for a large, representative sample of children born 1992-94 (N=16,000) from routinely-collected Children Looked After Return data. We explored the heterogeneity of children’s care histories in terms of stability and identified sub-groups based on the number, duration and timing of placements using sequence analysis methods.
ResultsChildren’s care histories were varied with the number of placements ranging from 1 to 184 (median: 2). However, six distinct sub-groups of care history were evident including; adolescent entries (17.6%), long-term instability (13.1%) and early intervention (6.9%). Overall, most children (58.4%) had a care history that could be classified as’short-term care’ with an average of 276 days in care and 2.48 placements throughout childhood. Few children (4.0%) had a care history that could be described as ‘long-term stable care’.
ConclusionsSequence analyses of longitudinal data can refine our understanding of how out-of-home care is used as a social care intervention. Despite the policy focus on achieving long-term stability for children in care, the vast majority of children remain in care for a short period of time. Future work exploring how outcomes vary between the different sub-groups of care history could enable better evaluation of the effects of longitudinal care experiences.
Validation of the Scottish Social Care Survey using data from Renfrewshire Council.
Authors: Henderson David , Bailey Nick , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe Social Care Survey (SCS) is collected annually by the Scottish Government (SG) from all of Scotland’s 32 local authorities. In addition to other information, it details the amount of home care delivered to all individuals in receipt of this service during a specified census week. How well this census represents care delivered throughout the year is unknown.
ObjectivesUsing complete data from one local authority area:1. Quantify the annual proportion of individuals receiving care during the census week.2. Describe differences in type and duration of care packages received during/not during the census week.
MethodsA data sharing agreement was completed with Renfrewshire council to transfer all social care data for the years 2006-2016 to a safe haven environment. A time series was created identifying how much care each individual received at weekly intervals during the study period allowing comparison of counts of individuals at any given week with total counts for financial years. Differences in packages received during/not during the census week in each financial year were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Findings41,002 packages of home care for 10,130 individuals over the age of 65 (64% female), were analysed. The proportion of people receiving care in the census week varied from 54.1% to 64.8% of the total number of individuals receiving care in a given financial year.Approximately half of packages received during the census week were of similar duration and intensity (weekly hours delivered) as packages not captured by the census. The remainder tended to be of much longer duration (>1 year) and less intensity.
ConclusionsThe SCS represents approximately 60% of individuals receiving home care in the Renfrewshire council area and a representative sample of packages of care delivered.