bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy involves overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Xingxing , Han Longfei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
To evaluate the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ), and lithium chloride (LiCl) was used to decrease the expression of GSK-3β. Hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining and the terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was conducted to evaluate the pathological injury and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes respectively. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expressions of Cleaved-caspase 3, caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 in rat cardiomyocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the gene expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Akt, and GSK-3β in rat cardiomyocytes. DM-induced cardiomyocyte injuries, which were presented as capillary basement membrane thickening, interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and necrosis in HE staining and increased apoptosis detected by TUNEL assay. When comparing with the control group, the mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt in DM group obviously decreased but the mRNA expression of GSK-3β obviously elevated (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the ratio of Cleaved-caspase 3/caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 were notably increased in DM group compared with control group (P &lt; 0.05). LiCl, as an inhibitor of GSK-3 apparently reduced the expression of GSK-3β mRNA (P &lt; 0.05) but not the PI3K and Akt comparing with the DM group. LiCl also attenuated the myocardial injury and apoptosis induced by DM. The myocardial injury induced by DM is associated with the up-regulation of GSK-3β. LiCl inhibited the expression of GSK-3β and myocardial apoptosis in diabetic myocardium.
Broadband on‐chip contact pad to microstrip transition with low loss in SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: von Vangerow C. , Göttel B. , Müller D. , Zwick T. 
Published: September 2018

A broadband, compact on‐chip contact pad to microstrip transition for use in silicon (Si) based technologies operating up to 330 GHz has been investigated and fabricated. The pad is designed as a short coplanar waveguide structure to concentrate the electrical field in the narrow gap between signal and ground pads, thus eliminating the need for a substrate shield while preserving low interaction with the lossy silicon substrate. The working principle is confirmed by electromagnetic field simulations using a detailed model of a high‐frequency measurement probe, which allows to investigate the field distribution with a realistic excitation source. The fabricated test structure with two transitions in a back‐to‐back configuration shows excellent broadband properties and insertion loss below 4.2 dB up to 330 GHz, making the proposed structure well suited for millimetre‐wave applications.
ZVS three‐phase current‐fed push–pull converter employing a simple active‐clamp circuit for voltage step‐up applications
Authors: Wu Qunfang , Wang Qin , Li Jinbo , Wang Zhong 
Published: September 2018

In this study, a new zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) three‐phase current‐fed push–pull converter is proposed for voltage step‐up applications such as interfacing between the low‐voltage high‐current input sources such as photovoltaic, fuel cells and high‐voltage dc bus. The proposed converter realises ZVS for all of the primary switches and zero‐current‐switching for secondary diodes that improves the conversion efficiency. In comparison with the existing three‐phase current‐fed push–pull converters with a voltage‐clamped, one simpler active‐clamp circuit is employed to reuse the leakage inductance for soft‐commutation and suppress the transient surge voltage enabling the use of low voltage‐rated switches with low on‐state resistance. The theoretical analysis, design guidelines, comparative study, experimental results and loss breakdown for this topology are presented in the text. Finally, a 1.2 kW prototype has been implemented and tested in the laboratory to verify the effectiveness of the proposed concept.
Kontrolliertes Trinken
Authors: Körkel Joachim 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungAlkoholabstinenz wird vielfach als einzige Möglichkeit angesehen, um exzessiven beziehungsweise abhängigen Alkoholkonsum zu überwinden. Die über 50-jährige
Forschung zum Kontrollierten Trinken belegt, dass auch eine Trinkmengenreduktion ein erreichbares und sinnvolles Behandlungsziel darstellen kann. Unser Autor
erläutert die Hintergründe der „Abstinenzzielmonopolisierung“ und den Behandlungsansatz des Kontrollierten Trinkens.
Einen inneren Ort der Geborgenheit gestalten
Authors: Saenger Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEin vorgestellter Ort der Geborgenheit ermöglicht Patienten ein persönliches Refugium, in dem sie Erholung, Abgrenzung und Schutz erleben können. Diese imaginäre
Welt kann ihr Erleben und Auftreten in der äußeren Wirklichkeit äußerst positiv beeinflussen. Unser Autor beschreibt, welche strukturellen, persönlichen und
patientenbezogenen Voraussetzungen vor der Anwendung zu beachten sind und gibt detaillierte Anleitungen für Imaginationen in der Pflegepraxis.
Nichts ist endgültig
Authors: Lang Friederike 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIm dritten und letzten Teil ihres Erfahrungsberichts schildert unsere Autorin, welche Rolle Medikamente und Psychotherapie bei ihrer Behandlung spielen, wie ihre
zwölfjährige Tochter mit der Erkrankung umgeht, was ihr Kraft in schweren Zeiten gibt – und warum weder emotionale Höhen noch Tiefen endgültig sind.
Gefangen im Netz
Authors: Montag Christian 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungNeben den vielen Möglichkeiten, die das Internet bietet, gibt es zunehmend mehr Schattenseiten aufgrund von „Digital überall“ – eine davon ist die Internetsucht.
Unser Autor gibt wissenschaftliche Einblicke in die komplexe Welt der Internet Use Disorder, erklärt deren Mechanismen und Ausprägungen und stellt
Behandlungsansätze vor.
Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G4 Levels in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Graves’ Disease
Authors: Hiratsuka Izumi , Yamada Hiroya , Itoh Mitsuyasu , Shibata Megumi , Takayanagi Takeshi , Makino Masaki , Sugimura Yoshihisa , Hayakawa Nobuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition that can affect almost any organ. We investigated the association between IgG4-RD and the main characteristics of Graves’ disease (GD) at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, we evaluated whether serum IgG4 levels change during treatment.
Design and patients Twenty-eight patients with newly diagnosed GD were enrolled into this longitudinal follow-up study. Serum IgG4 levels and thyroid function were measured in all the participants at the time of diagnosis. Further, the serum IgG4 levels of nine of 28 patients with untreated GD were measured after the achievement of euthyroid state (through the use of methimazole).
Results Two (7.1%) of 28 patients with untreated GD had elevated serum IgG4 levels of >135 mg/dL. There was no significant difference in the average IgG4 levels before and after the achievement of euthyroid state (66.2±74.0 mg/dL vs. 50.5±47.3 mg/dL). In two patients, the elevated serum IgG4 levels returned to normal after treatment. However, one patient had an elevated serum IgG4 level of 136.6 mg/dL after treatment.
Conclusions This study showed that serum IgG4 levels varied with treatment in patients with GD, independent of thyroid function, suggesting that IgG4 might be indirectly related to GD.
Changes in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Rather Than in Paraoxonase1 are Associated with Changes in the Leptin/Leptin Receptor Ratio in Obese Children During Weight-Loss Therapy
Authors: Gajewska Joanna , Chełchowska Magdalena , Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga , Riahi Agnieszka , Weker Halina , Szamotulska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and impaired production of adipokines in childhood obesity contribute to the development of obesity-related disorders. We assessed whether weight loss after lifestyle intervention alters biomarkers of oxidant/antioxidant status, and whether these alterations are associated with changes in anthropometric parameters and adipokines in obese children.
Materials and Methods We determined oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), anti ox-LDL, paraoxonase1 (PON1), leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in 60 prepubertal obese children (Body Mass Index, BMI Z-score>2) before and after a 3-month intervention. The control group consisted of 44 non-obese children (BMI Z-score<−1+1>).
Results Ox-LDL, ox-LDL/LDL, and anti ox-LDL concentrations as well as leptin to sOb-R ratio were reduced (p<0.001; p=0.018; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively) in obese children with weight loss (BMI Z-score change≤−0.5) after a 3-month therapy. These parameters were stable in the obese group without weight loss (BMI Z-score change>−0.5). Changes in ox-LDL and PON1 levels in all obese children correlated positively with changes in the leptin to sOB-R ratio (r=0.400, p=0.002; r=0.304, p=0.028, respectively). After adjustment for changes in BMI Z-score in the multivariate regression model, the association between the changes in ox-LDL levels and changes in the leptin/sOb-R ratio remained statistically significant (β=0.184, p=0.014).
Conclusions We found out that a 3-month lifestyle intervention associated with weight loss improves the oxidant/antioxidant balance and promotes anti-atherogenic changes in prepubertal obese children in a way dependent on the alterations in the leptin to sOB-R ratio.
Proteasome Inhibition with Bortezomib Induces Apoptosis of Long-Lived Plasma Cells in Steroid-Resistant or Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopaenia
Authors: Li Guosheng , Wang Shuang , Li Na , Liu Yang , Feng Qi , Zuo Xinyi , Li Xin , Hou Yu , Shao Linlin , Ma Chunhong , Gao Chengjiang , Hou Ming , Peng Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrimary immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) is the most common haemorrhagic disease. Although most patients respond initially to mainstream therapies, such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or rituximab, a large proportion of patients fail to respond or relapse. These treatments only affect B lymphocytes or short-lived plasma cells, but not already existing long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) which persistently secrete antibodies. We hypothesized that LLPCs may play a role in the corticosteroid-resistant or relapsed ITP patients, and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, may act on plasma cells and offer a therapeutic effect. Although a significant difference in the proportion of CD19−CD38hiCD138+ total LLPCs was not observed by flow cytometry, a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay of sorted CD19−CD138+ LLPCs confirmed the existence of anti-platelet antibody-secreting LLPCs in ITP patients in contrast to healthy controls. Moreover, the LLPCs could be eliminated in the presence of bortezomib by ELISpot assay, which was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Accordingly, a modified monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen assay of sorted CD19−CD138+ LLPCs revealed that the concentration of anti-platelet antibodies decreased remarkably when cultured with 0.25 ng/mL bortezomib for 5 days. The apoptosis assay demonstrated that bortezomib could induce apoptosis of LLPCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The proteasome activity assay showed that bortezomib significantly reduced the proteasome activity in sorted CD19−CD138+ LLPCs. Furthermore, in active ITP murine models, bortezomib eliminated LLPCs in vivo and alleviated thrombocytopaenia. We conclude that LLPCs participate in the pathogenesis of ITP and bortezomib may have potential as a novel therapeutic regimen.
Inherited thrombocytopenia associated with mutation of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE)
Authors: Seo Aaron , Gulsuner Suleyman , Pierce Sarah , Ben-Harosh Miri , Shalev Hanna , Walsh Tom , Krasnov Tanya , Dgany Orly , Doulatov Sergei , Tamary Hannah , Shimamura Akiko , King Mary-Claire 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Severe thrombocytopenia, characterized by dysplastic megakaryocytes and intracranial bleeding, was diagnosed in six individuals from a consanguineous kindred. Three of the individuals were successfully treated by bone marrow transplant. Whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping of multiple family members, coupled with whole-genome sequencing to reveal shared non-coding variants, revealed one potentially functional variant segregating with thrombocytopenia under a recessive model: GALE p.R51W (c.C151T, NM_001127621). The mutation is extremely rare (allele frequency = 2.5 × 10−05), and the likelihood of the observed co-segregation occurring by chance is 1.2 × 10−06. GALE encodes UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, an enzyme of galactose metabolism and glycosylation responsible for two reversible reactions: interconversion of UDP-galactose with UDP-glucose and interconversion of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The mutation alters an amino acid residue that is conserved from yeast to humans. The variant protein has both significantly lower enzymatic activity for both interconversion reactions and highly significant thermal instability. Proper glycosylation is critical to normal hematopoiesis, in particular to megakaryocyte and platelet development, as reflected in the presence of thrombocytopenia in the context of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mutations in GALE have not previously been associated with thrombocytopenia. Our results suggest that GALE p.R51W is inadequate for normal glycosylation and thereby may impair megakaryocyte and platelet development. If other mutations in GALE are shown to have similar consequences, this gene may be proven to play a critical role in hematopoiesis.
Robustness by intrinsically disordered C-termini and translational readthrough
Authors: Kleppe April Snofrid , Bornberg-Bauer Erich 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring protein synthesis genetic instructions are passed from DNA via mRNA to the ribosome to assemble a protein chain. Occasionally, stop codons in the mRNA are bypassed and translation continues into the untranslated region (3′-UTR). This process, called translational readthrough (TR), yields a protein chain that becomes longer than would be predicted from the DNA sequence alone. Protein sequences vary in propensity for translational errors, which may yield evolutionary constraints by limiting evolutionary paths. Here we investigated TR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by analysing ribosome profiling data. We clustered proteins as either prone or non-prone to TR, and conducted comparative analyses. We find that a relatively high frequency (5%) of genes undergo TR, including ribosomal subunit proteins. Our main finding is that proteins undergoing TR are highly expressed and have a higher proportion of intrinsically disordered C-termini. We suggest that highly expressed proteins may compensate for the deleterious effects of TR by having intrinsically disordered C-termini, which may provide conformational flexibility but without distorting native function. Moreover, we discuss whether minimizing deleterious effects of TR is also enabling exploration of the phenotypic landscape of protein isoforms.
Of Mind and Murder
Authors: Mastroianni George R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
How could the Holocaust have happened? How could people do such things to other people? Were all or most of the perpetrators insane? Are psychologically normal people capable of committing such unspeakable violence? Were Germans willing participants in the genocidal enterprise, or were they mainly influenced by evil leaders? Is the potential for genocidal behavior universal—could something like the Holocaust happen anywhere, anytime? Such questions have motivated much discussion of the Holocaust, and psychologists have been contributing to the discussion from the very beginning. Of Mind and Murder provides a brief reminder as to what the Holocaust was, and it offers a detailed look at the major approaches taken by psychologists in their attempts to explain the behavior of those caught up in the Holocaust. Of Mind and Murder also suggests some new ways of thinking psychologically about the Holocaust and argues for renewed interest in some old approaches.
Psychology, Context, and the Risk of Genocide
Authors: Mastroianni George R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chapter 11 compares the attitudes of some Americans toward Japanese and Japanese Americans in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor with German attitudes toward Jews. Theories of genocide generally posit predisposing psychological conditions and then examine instances of genocide to confirm whether or not those predisposing conditions were present. The case of the Japanese American confinements offers an opportunity to examine a case in which at least some of the suspected predisposing conditions were present but genocide did not follow. This suggests that there were significant differences between America and Germany in the intensity and penetration of anti-Japanese and anti-Semitic attitudes, respectively, and also that important legal and political safeguards against minority mistreatment that were compromised in Germany remained at least partially intact in the United States.
LGBTQ in the Courtroom
Authors: Woods Jordan Blair 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter reviews a limited but emerging body of research on biases that arise and affect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) jurors as well as juror decision-making when LGBTQ individuals are involved in criminal cases. The chapter also discusses recent research and legal developments surrounding jury selection and LGBTQ identity and describes debates over best practices to identify and combat anti-LGBTQ juror biases. Finally, the chapter reviews gay and trans “panic” defenses in cases involving the murders of LGBTQ individuals and examines other challenges that LGBTQ defendants and victims face in different criminal contexts. Although there is a need for future studies, the available research illustrates how challenges linked to sexuality and gender identity in the criminal jury system can compromise legitimacy and fairness in the criminal justice system more broadly.
Pre- and Midtrial Publicity in the Age of Internet and Social Media
Authors: Daftary-Kapur Tarika , Penrod Steven D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Although juror misconduct has always been a concern, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with others, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This chapter discusses the role of the Internet and social media in the courtroom and how access to this information in the form of midtrial publicity might impact juror decision-making. Additionally, it discusses steps that have been taken by courts around the United States to address the issue of Internet use by jurors as well as recommendations to limit the impact of the Internet and social media on juror decision-making.
The Role of Emotion and Motivation in Jury Decision-Making
Authors: Holloway Colin , Wiener Richard L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Abstract: American law requires jurors to impartially evaluate information presented during trial to render a just verdict based primarily—if not solely—on relevant facts of the case. These expectations leave little room for emotion-driven subjective evaluations, fostering instead an expectation of juror objectivity, which serves as a foundation for a fair and just legal system. The legal community acknowledges the potentially deleterious effect that emotion can have on juror objectivity. Yet the response, which relies on procedural safeguards to prevent against affect infusion, is limited by a lack of understanding of the depth with which emotion directs information processing, motivates judgment, and ultimately drives decision-making. This chapter summarizes theories of emotion and decision-making, applies emotion research findings to a legal scenario to challenge the assumption of juror objectivity, and proposes a system that recognizes and accounts for the variety of ways affect impacts jury decision-making.
The New Public Health Law
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Ramanathan Holiday Tara 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Using a “transdisciplinary approach” to public health law, this book follows the core competencies for both law and public health programs. It reviews the basic background of the field of public health law, then introduces tools, concepts, and skills needed for effective development of public health laws and policies. The book also introduces the core legal doctrine of public health law and outlines the process for turning a public health law idea into an actionable, codified law or policy. It then turns to the challenges and key issues regulators and authorities face in implementation, enforcement, and legal and political defense against challenges. The book concludes with evaluation—explaining how legal monitoring and evaluation are integral to the cause of using law in public health and helping spread laws that work across jurisdictions, from the city level and beyond.
Constitutional Limitations
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn, and Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter describes “due process,” a Constitutional restriction on governmental actions that impact individuals, in the context of public health. It outlines the doctrines of procedural and substantive due process, including the legal tests that courts apply to decide whether individuals’ due process rights have been violated. It uses examples from Supreme Court cases that have defined due process in the context of public health, including those that struggle to define the scope of reproductive rights. It also examines two cases where public health principles were raised as a justification for governmental action: one about involuntary sterilization and one about Ebola. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the “state action doctrine” that defines which public health actors may be challenged on due process grounds.
Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Multilingual Learners
Authors: Crowe Kathryn 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
With nearly 8,000 languages used in the world and increasing levels of transnational mobility, the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners accessing education and therapy services has never been greater. This growing diversity creates a challenge for educators and clinicians who work with these children and their families, especially where DHH learners are exposed to or acquiring more than one spoken language. Spoken language multilingualism in DHH learners is an area in which research knowledge is gradually increasing but evidence-based practices for intervention and education are rarely described. This chapter presents information describing the increasing linguistic diversity and spoken language multilingualism of DHH learners and research concerning the advantages and disadvantages of multilingualism. The current research describing the speech and language skills of multilingual DHH learners is discussed with reference to the impact of multilingualism on learners’ outcomes.