bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite tracking of juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines
Authors: Araujo Gonzalo , Rohner Christoph A. , Labaja Jessica , Conales Segundo J. , Snow Sally J. , Murray Ryan , Pierce Simon J. , Ponzo Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

The whale shark Rhincodon typus was uplisted to ‘Endangered’ in the 2016 IUCN Red List due to >50% population decline, largely caused by continued exploitation in the Indo-Pacific. Though the Philippines protected the whale shark in 1998, concerns remain due to continued take in regional waters. In light of this, understanding the movements of whale sharks in the Philippines, one of the most important hotspots for the species, is vital. We tagged 17 juvenile whale sharks with towed SPOT5 tags from three general areas in the Sulu and Bohol Seas: Panaon Island in Southern Leyte, northern Mindanao, and Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP). The sharks all remained in Philippine waters for the duration of tracking (6–126 days, mean 64). Individuals travelled 86–2,580 km (mean 887 km) at a mean horizontal speed of 15.5 ± 13.0 SD km day−1. Whale sharks tagged in Panaon Island and Mindanao remained close to shore but still spent significant time off the shelf (>200 m). Sharks tagged at TRNP spent most of their time offshore in the Sulu Sea. Three of twelve whale sharks tagged in the Bohol Sea moved through to the Sulu Sea, whilst two others moved east through the Surigao Strait to the eastern coast of Leyte. One individual tagged at TRNP moved to northern Palawan, and subsequently to the eastern coast of Mindanao in the Pacific Ocean. Based on inferred relationships with temperature histograms, whale sharks performed most deep dives (>200 m) during the night, in contrast to results from whale sharks elsewhere. While all sharks stayed in national waters, our results highlight the high mobility of juvenile whale sharks and demonstrate their connectivity across the Sulu and Bohol Seas, highlighting the importance of the area for this endangered species.
How much can we trust GPS wildlife tracking? An assessment in semi-free-ranging Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon
Authors: Liu Dongping , Chen Lixia , Wang Yihua , Lu Jun , Huang Songlin 
Published: July 2018

GPS tracking has been increasingly used for wildlife studies in recent decades, but its performance has not been fully assessed, especially for newly developed lightweight transmitters. We assessed the performance of eight GPS transmitters developed in China by attaching them to Crested Ibises Nipponia nippon confined to two acclimation cages mimicking real habitats. We calculated the distance between GPS locations and the centroid of the cages as the positioning error, and used the 95% (95th percentile) positioning errors to define the accuracy. The positioning success averaged 92.0%, which is much higher than that of previous studies. Locations were not evenly distributed by Location Class (LC), with the LC A and B locations accounting for 88.7%. The observed 95% positioning error in the locations of LC A (9–39 m) and B (11–41 m) was quite accurate, while up to 6.9–8.8% of poor-quality locations were detected in LC C and D with >100 m or even >1, 000 m positioning error. Positioning success and accuracy were different between the test sites, probably due to the difference in vegetation structure. Thus, we argue that the tested transmitters could provide a large proportion of high-quality data for fine-scale studies, and a number of poor-quality locations that need attention. We suggest that the HPOD (horizontal dilution of precision) or PDOP (positional dilution of precision) be reported instead of the LC as a measurement of location accuracy for each location to ensure identification and filtering of implausible locations.
C-Reactive Protein Was an Early Predictor of Postoperative Infectious Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Atsumi Yosuke , Aoyama Toru , Kazama Keisuke , Murakawa Masaaki , Shiozawa Manabu , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ueno Makoto , Morimoto Manabu , Oshima Takashi , Yukawa Norio , Yoshikawa Takaki , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Morinaga Soichiro 
Published: July 2018

Objective
The study objective was to assess the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) for the early detection of postoperative infectious complications (PICs) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Summary of Background Data
The incidence of PICs after pancreaticoduodenectomy still remains high and a clinically relevant problem, despite improvements in the surgical procedure.

Methods
We examined 110 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for primary pancreatic cancer between 2006 and 2014. The predictive value was assessed by estimating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Clinical and laboratory data, including CRP, were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of PICs of grade III or higher according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Results
PICs of grade III or higher occurred in 13 patients [11.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 6.45%–19.36%]. CRP level on postoperative day 3 (POD 3) was a good predictor of PICs (AUC, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.651–0.980), showing the highest accuracy among clinical and laboratory data. A cutoff value of 13.2 mg/dL yielded a sensitivity of 0.846 and a specificity of 0.794. On multivariate analysis, a POD 3 CRP level of 13.2 mg/dL or higher (odds ratio, 20.0; 95% CI, 4.07–97.9; P = 0.002) was a significant predictor of PICs after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Conclusions
CRP elevation above 13.2 mg/dL on POD 3 is a significant predictive factor for PICs and should prompt an intense clinical search and therapeutic approach for PICs.
Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cell Membrane‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics by Inducing Macrophage Polarization and Synergizing Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Yu Guang‐Tao , Rao Lang , Wu Hao , Yang Lei‐Lei , Bu Lin‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Wei , Wu Lei , Nan Xiaolin , Zhang Wen‐Feng , Zhao Xing‐Zhong , Liu Wei , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA major challenge for traditional cancer therapy, including surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy, and immunotherapy, is how to induce tumor cell death and leverage the host immune system at the same time. Here, a myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) membrane‐coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle (MNP@MDSC) to overcome this conundrum for cancer therapy is developed. In this study, MNP@MDSC demonstrates its superior performance in immune evasion, active tumor‐targeting, magnetic resonance imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT)‐induced tumor killing. Compared with red blood cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles (MNPs@RBC) or naked MNPs, MNP@MDSCs are much more effective in active tumor‐targeting, a beneficial property afforded by coating MNP with membranes from naturally occurring MDSC, thus converting the MNP into “smart” agents that like to accumulate in tumors as the source MDSCs. Once targeted to the tumor microenvironment, MNPs@MDSC can act as a PTT agents for enhanced antitumor response by inducing immunogenic cell death, reprogramming the tumor infiltrating macrophages, and reducing the tumor's metabolic activity. These benefits, in combination with the excellent biocompatibility and pharmacological kinetics characteristics, make MNP@MDSC a promising, multimodal agent for cancer theranostics.
High‐Security Nanocluster for Switching Photodynamic Combining Photothermal and Acid‐Induced Drug Compliance Therapy Guided by Multimodal Active‐Targeting Imaging
Authors: Cheng Kai , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , Chen Jun , An Jie , Song Yuan‐Yang , Li Cheng , Xuan Yang , Zhang Ruo‐Yun , Yang Chun‐Hua , Song Xian‐Lin , Zhao Yuan‐Di , Liu Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh‐security nanoplatform with enhanced therapy compliance is extremely promising for tumor. Herein, using a simple and high‐efficient self‐assembly method, a novel active‐targeting nanocluster probe, namely, Ag2S/chlorin e6 (Ce6)/DOX@DSPE‐mPEG2000‐folate (ACD‐FA) is synthesized. Experiments indicate that ACD‐FA is capable of specifically labeling tumor and guiding targeting ablation of the tumor via precise positioning from fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Importantly, the probe is endowed with a photodynamic “on‐off” effect, that is, Ag2S could effectively quench the fluorescence of chlorin e6 (89.5%) and inhibit release of 1O2 (92.7%), which is conducive to avoid unwanted phototoxicity during transhipment in the body, and only after nanocluster endocytosed by tumor cells could release Ce6 to produce 1O2. Moreover, ACD‐FA also achieves excellent acid‐responsive drug release, and exhibits eminent chemo‐photothermal and photodynamic effects upon laser irradiation. Compared with single or two treatment combining modalities, ACD‐FA could provide the best cancer therapeutic effect with a relatively low dose, because it made the most of combined effect from chemo‐photothermal and controlled photodynamic therapy, and significantly improves the drug compliance. Besides, the active‐targeting nanocluster notably reduces nonspecific toxicity of both doxorubicin and chlorin e6. Together, this study demonstrates the potency of a newly designed nanocluster for nonradioactive concomitant therapy with precise tumor‐targeting capability.
Self‐Adhesive and Ultra‐Conformable, Sub‐300 nm Dry Thin‐Film Electrodes for Surface Monitoring of Biopotentials
Authors: Nawrocki Robert A. , Jin Hanbit , Lee Sunghoon , Yokota Tomoyuki , Sekino Masaki , Someya Takao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccurate and unobtrusive monitoring of surface biopotentials is of paramount importance for physiological studies and wearable healthcare applications. Thin, light‐weight, and conformal bioelectrodes are highly desirable for biopotential monitoring. This report demonstrates the fabrication of sub‐300 nm thin, dry electrodes that are self‐adhesive and conformable to complex 3D biological surfaces and thus capable of excellent quality of biopotential (surface electromyogram and surface electrocardiogram) recordings. Measurements reveal single‐day stability of up to 10 h. In addition, the bending stiffness of the sensor is calculated to be ≈0.33 pN m2, which is comparable to stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of human skin, and this stiffness is over two orders of magnitude lower than the bending stiffness of a 3.0 µm thin sensor. Laminated on a prestretched elastomer, when relaxed, the sensor forms wrinkles with a period and amplitude equal to 17 and 4 µm, respectively, which these values agree with theoretical calculations. Finally, with skin vibrations of up to ≈15 µm, the sensor exhibits motion artifact‐less monitoring of surface biopotentials, in contrast to a wet adhesive electrode that shows much greater influence.
Highly Conductive Cable‐Like Bicomponent Titania Photoanode Approaching Limitation of Electron and Hole Collection
Authors: Tian Zhangliu , Wang Dong , Bu Kejun , Lin Jie , Zhang Shaoning , Zhao Wei , Qin Peng , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTiO2‐based materials are cheap and stable choices for photoelectrochemical devices. However, the activity is still limited by the inefficient charge extraction. Here a highly conductive cable‐like bicomponent titania photoanode, consisting of reduced anatase‐coated TiO2‐B nanowires, is proposed to simultaneously establish effective electron and hole transport channels separately, which meets the requirements of electronic dynamics for efficient water splitting. A synergistic effect of charge separation from the built‐in electric field is demonstrated with this 1D TiO2‐B/anatase heterojunction, in which a high electron collection efficiency of up to 97.1% at 0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is achieved. The efficient electron collection approaching the limitation is also attributed to the large electron conducting region in the photoanode. Moreover, the O‐deficient amorphous layer is found to be more catalytic toward the oxygen evolution reaction through quantifying rate constants for charge recombination and charge transfer. It can reduce onset potential and suppress charge‐carrier recombination simultaneously, prompting surface hole collection efficiency up to 95% at 0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.
Crystallization‐Directed Anisotropic Electroactuation in Selectively Solvated Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers: A Thermal and (Electro)Mechanical Property Study
Authors: Armstrong Daniel P. , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDielectric elastomers (DEs), a class of soft electroactive polymers that change size upon exposure to an external electric field, constitute an increasingly important class of stimuli‐responsive polymers due primarily to their large actuation strains, facile and low‐cost fabrication, scalability, and mechanical robustness. Unless purposefully constrained, most DEs exhibit isotropic actuation wherein size changes are the same in all actuation directions. Previous studies of DEs containing oriented, stiff fibers have demonstrated, however, that anisotropic actuation along a designated direction is more electromechanically efficient since this design eliminates energy expended in nonessential directions. To identify an alternative, supramolecular‐level route to anisotropic electroactuation, we investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of novel thermoplastic elastomer gels composed of a selectively solvated olefinic block copolymer that not only microphase‐separates but also crystallizes upon cooling from the solution state. While these materials possess remarkable mechanical attributes (e.g., giant strains in excess of 4000%), their ability to be strain‐conditioned enables huge anisotropic actuation levels, measured to be greater than 30 from the ratio of orthogonal actuation strains. This work establishes that crystallization‐induced anisotropic actuation can be achieved with these DEs.
Low‐Temperature Eutectic Synthesis of PtTe2 with Weak Antilocalization and Controlled Layer Thinning
Authors: Hao Song , Zeng Junwen , Xu Tao , Cong Xin , Wang Chenyu , Wu Chenchen , Wang Yaojia , Liu Xiaowei , Cao Tianjun , Su Guangxu , Jia Lanxin , Wu Zhangting , Lin Qian , Zhang Lili , Yan Shengnan , Guo Mengfan , Wang Zhenlin , Tan Pingheng , Sun Litao , Ni Zhenhua , Liang Shi‐Jun , Cui Xinyi , Miao Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetallic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have exhibited various exotic physical properties and hold the promise of novel optoelectronic and topological devices applications. However, the synthesis of metallic TMDs is based on gas‐phase methods and requires high‐temperature condition. As an alternative to the gas‐phase synthetic approach, lower temperature eutectic liquid‐phase synthesis presents a very promising approach with the potential for larger‐scale and controllable growth of high‐quality thin metallic TMD single crystals. Here, the first realization of low‐temperature eutectic liquid‐phase synthesis of type‐II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 single crystals with thickness ranging from 2 to 200 nm is presented. The electrical measurement of synthesized PtTe2 reveals a record‐high conductivity of as high as 3.3 × 106 S m−1 at room temperature. Besides, the weak antilocalization behavior is identified experimentally in the type‐II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 for the first time. Furthermore, a simple and general strategy is developed to obtain atomically thin PtTe2 crystal by thinning as‐synthesized bulk samples, which can still retain highly crystalline and exhibits excellent electrical conductivity. The results of controllable and scalable low‐temperature eutectic liquid‐phase synthesis and layer‐by‐layer thinning of high‐quality thin PtTe2 single crystals offer a simple and general approach for obtaining different thickness metallic TMDs with high melting‐point transition metal.
Secondary‐Component Incorporated Hollow MOFs and Derivatives for Catalytic and Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Yang Haozhou , Wang Xun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTheir highly functional nature has endowed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse applications. On this basis, a higher demand has been proposed for the preparation of novel‐structured MOFs. Hollow MOFs have been intensively studied and exhibited versatile properties, and among the various methods, secondary‐component incorporation has been proved promising in the design and preparation of complex structures with requisite properties. Herein, the synthesis and applications of secondary component incorporated MOFs and their derivatives are systematically reviewed. Two main methodologies, preincorporation and postmodification, are discussed in detail, and the role of the secondary component is demonstrated. Based on these introductions, the applications of those materials, including chemical catalysis, electrocatalysis, and energy storage applications, are summarized. Finally, a personal outlook for the future opportunities and challenges in this field is given.
Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals for Electronics and Photonics
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrganic semiconducting single crystals (OSSCs) are ideal candidates for the construction of high‐performance optoelectronic devices/circuits and a great platform for fundamental research due to their long‐range order, absence of grain boundaries, and extremely low defect density. Impressive improvements have recently been made in organic optoelectronics: the charge‐carrier mobility is now over 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the fluorescence efficiency reaches 90% for many OSSCs. Moreover, high mobility and strong emission can be integrated into a single OSSC, for example, showing a mobility of up to 34 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a photoluminescence yield of 41.2%. These achievements are attributed to the rational design and synthesis of organic semiconductors as well as improvements in preparation technology for crystals, which accelerate the application of OSSCs in devices and circuits, such as organic field‐effect transistors, organic photodetectors, organic photovoltaics, organic light‐emitting diodes, organic light‐emitting transistors, and even electrically pumped organic lasers. In this context, an overview of these fantastic advancements in terms of the fundamental insights into developing high‐performance organic semiconductors, efficient strategies for yielding desirable high‐quality OSSCs, and their applications in optoelectronic devices and circuits is presented. Finally, an overview of the development of OSSCs along with current challenges and future research directions is provided.
Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract2D materials and heterostructures have attracted significant attention for a variety of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. At the atomically thin limit, the material characteristics and functionalities are dominated by surface chemistry and interface coupling. Therefore, methods for comprehensively characterizing and precisely controlling surfaces and interfaces are required to realize the full technological potential of 2D materials. Here, the surface and interface properties that govern the performance of 2D materials are introduced. Then the experimental approaches that resolve surface and interface phenomena down to the atomic scale, as well as strategies that allow tuning and optimization of interfacial interactions in van der Waals heterostructures, are systematically reviewed. Finally, a future outlook that delineates the remaining challenges and opportunities for 2D material interface characterization and control is presented.
The Sub‐Nanometer Scale as a New Focus in Nanoscience
Authors: Ni Bing , Shi Yuang , Wang Xun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSize is one of the central issues in nanoscience. The practical meaning of the term “sub‐nanometric material (SNM)” requires two aspects: (1) its size should be at the atomic level; (2) it shows unique (size‐related) properties compared to its nano‐counterparts with larger sizes. Here, SNMs in the form of wires (SNWs) and the unique properties arising from their special size are reviewed. First, their polymer‐like behavior, including rheological behavior and self‐assembly, is dicussed. Their origins may stem from the special size and the ligands around the wire. Even a slight increase in diameter would risk the polymer‐like behavior. Meanwhile, the ligands on SNWs are proportional to the inorganic entity at this scale. Consequently, surface ligands should have a profound impact on the properties, like catalysis, self‐assembly, optics, etc. To reveal more potential applications, their applications in energy conversion are comprehensively reviewed. To some extent, characterization can greatly influence the way things are observed. Thus, some appropriate characterization techniques are briefly introduced. Finally, another emerging part of SNWs (atomic chain material) is briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can provide new insights to this special scale.
Surface Engineering of Nanostructured Energy Materials
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Bai Yaocai , Yin Yadong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAll nanostructures share a common feature of large surface‐to‐volume ratio, which makes surface engineering a vital tool for exploring their new and important applications in many different areas. Particularly, inorganic nanostructures represent a class of intriguing catalysts that can find wide uses in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Here, a number of surface engineering strategies, including morphology control, defect incorporation, and interface manipulation for tailoring the shape, facet, defect, interfacial property, and composition of nanostructures, aiming at controlling the chemical and physical properties such as energy bandgap and surface energy toward great enhancement in catalytic performance, are discussed.
Emerging Applications of Plasmons in Driving CO2 Reduction and N2 Fixation
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Guo Yanzhen , Lu Wenzheng , Jiang Ruibin , Wang Jianfang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe photochemical production of fuels using sunlight is an innovative way for meeting the quickly increasing energy demands. One of the largest challenges is to develop high‐performance photocatalysts that can meet the requirements of practical applications. Owing to their intriguing localized surface plasmon resonances, noble metal nanoparticles and nanostructures show a great potential for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency and thereby have attracted rapidly growing interest recently. Here, for the first time, the latest achievements in the utilization of plasmons in driving CO2 reduction and N2 fixation into high‐value products are comprehensively described. The involved plasmonic enhancement mechanisms in the two types of reactions are fully illustrated. A particular emphasis is given to the outlook on the direction and prospects for future work in this topic.
Perovskite Nanoparticle Composite Films by Size Exclusion Lithography
Authors: Minh Duong Nguyen , Eom Sangwon , Nguyen Lan Anh Thi , Kim Juwon , Sim Jae Hyun , Seo Chunhee , Nam Jihye , Lee Sangheon , Suk Soyeon , Kim Jaeyong , Kang Youngjong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPerovskite nanoparticle composite films with capability of high‐resolution patterning (≥2 µm) and excellent resistance to various aqueous and organic solvents are prepared by in situ photosynthesis of acrylate polymers and formamidinium lead halide (FAPbX3) nanoparticles. Both positive‐ and negative‐tone patterns of FAPbX3 nanoparticles are created by controlling the size exclusive flow of nanoparticles in polymer networks. The position of nanoparticles is spatially controlled in both lateral and vertical directions. The composite films show high photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 44%) and broad color tunability in visible region (λpeak = 465–630 nm).