bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix characterization of multidimensional subshifts of finite type
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Kumar Dileep 
Published: October 2019

<p>Let X ⊂ A<sup>Zd </sup>be a 2-dimensional subshift of finite type. We prove that any 2-dimensional subshift of finite type can be characterized by a square matrix of infinite dimension. We extend our result to a general d-dimensional case. We prove that the multidimensional shift space is non-empty if and only if the matrix obtained is of positive dimension. In the process, we give an alternative view of the necessary and sufficient conditions obtained for the non-emptiness of the multidimensional shift space. We also give sufficient conditions for the shift space X to exhibit periodic points.</p>
Balleans, hyperballeans and ideals
Authors: Dikranjan Dikran , Protasov Igor , Protasova Ksenia , Zava Nicolò 
Published: October 2019

<p>A ballean B (or a coarse structure) on a set X is a family of subsets of X called balls (or entourages of the diagonal in X × X) dened in such a way that B can be considered as the asymptotic counterpart of a uniform topological space. The aim of this paper is to study two concrete balleans dened by the ideals in the Boolean algebra of all subsets of X and their hyperballeans, with particular emphasis on their connectedness structure, more specically the number of their connected components.</p>
Isotopic constraints on the atmospheric sources and formation of nitrogenous species in clouds influenced by biomass burning
Authors: Chang Yunhua , Zhang Yan-Lin , Li Jiarong , Tian Chongguo , Song Linlin , Zhai Xiaoyao , Zhang Wenqi , Huang Tong , Lin Yu-Chi , Zhu Chao , Fang Yunting , Lehmann Moritz F. , Chen Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Predicting tropospheric cloud formation and subsequent nutrient deposition
relies on understanding the sources and processes affecting aerosol
constituents of the atmosphere that are preserved in cloud water. However,
this challenge is difficult to address quantitatively based on the sole use
of bulk chemical properties. Nitrogenous aerosols, mainly ammonium
(NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-), play a particularly important
role in tropospheric cloud formation. While dry and wet (mainly rainfall)
deposition of NH4+ and NO3- are regularly assessed,
cloud water deposition is often underappreciated. Here we collected
cloud water samples at the summit of Mt. Tai (1545 m above sea level) in
eastern China during a long-lasting biomass burning (BB) event and
simultaneously measured for the first time the isotopic compositions (mean
±1σ) of cloud water nitrogen species (δ15N-NH4+ = −6.53 ‰ ± 4.96 ‰,
δ15N-NO3- = −2.35 ‰ ± 2.00 ‰, δ18O-NO3- = 57.80 ‰ ± 4.23 ‰), allowing insights into their sources and
potential transformation mechanism within the clouds. Large contributions of
BB to the cloud water NH4+ (32.9 % ± 4.6 %) and
NO3- (28.2 % ± 2.7 %) inventories were confirmed through a
Bayesian isotopic mixing model, coupled with our newly developed
computational quantum chemistry module. Despite an overall reduction in
total anthropogenic NOx emission due to effective emission control
actions and stricter emission standards for vehicles, the observed cloud
δ15N-NO3- values suggest that NOx emissions from
transportation may have exceeded emissions from coal combustion. δ18O-NO3- values imply that the reaction of OH with NO2
is the dominant pathway of NO3- formation (57 % ± 11 %), yet
the contribution of heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide was
almost as important (43 % ± 11 %). Although the limited sample set
used here results in a relatively large uncertainty with regards to the
origin of cloud-associated nitrogen deposition, the high concentrations of
inorganic nitrogen imply that clouds represent an important source of
nitrogen, especially for nitrogen-limited ecosystems in remote areas.
Further simultaneous and long-term sampling of aerosol, rainfall, and
cloud water is vital for understanding the anthropogenic influence on
nitrogen deposition in the study region.
Stability charts based on the finite element method for underground cavities in soft carbonate rocks: validation through case-study applications
Authors: Perrotti Michele , Lollino Piernicola , Fazio Nunzio Luciano , Parise Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The stability of man-made underground cavities in soft rocks interacting
with overlying structures and infrastructures represents a challenging
problem to be faced. Based upon the results of a large number of parametric
two-dimensional (2-D) finite-element analyses of ideal cases of underground
cavities, accounting for the variability both cave geometrical features and
rock mechanical properties, specific charts have been recently proposed in
the literature to assess at a preliminary stage the stability of the
cavities. The purpose of the present paper is to validate the efficacy of
the stability charts through the application to several case studies of
underground cavities, considering both quarries collapsed in the past and
quarries still stable. The stability graphs proposed by Perrotti et al. (2018) can be useful to evaluate, in a preliminary way, a safety margin for cavities that have not reached failure and to detect indications of
predisposition to local or general instability phenomena. Alternatively, for
sinkholes that already occurred, the graphs may be useful in identifying the
conditions that led to the collapse, highlighting the importance of some
structural elements (as pillars and internal walls) on the overall stability
of the quarry system.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Fine Particulate Organic and Elemental Carbons in Greater Tokyo
Authors: Hayami Hiroshi , Saito Shinji , Hasegawa Shuichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hourly concentrations of fine particulate OC and EC are monitored for more than one year by optical monitors at three sites in and out of Tokyo, Japan. Distances between the sites are 20 to 50 km. SOC concentrations are estimated from the OC and EC concentrations by an EC tracer method. Site A in an industrial site shows higher EC concentrations than site B in a residential area, but differences between the sites are much reduced for OC. Site C in a rural area, where measurements are available in colder months, shows pronounced seasonal variations with high peaks in October and December and characteristic diurnal variations in OC with the highest in the evening in October, due probably to open field burning. Photochemical formation of SOC is suggested but does not rise up so much OC concentrations in summer, which are quite lower than other seasons. A comparison between relative concentrations of EC among the sites and local emissions amounts indicates missing or considerable underestimation of EC emissions near the rural site C. Time lag correlations suggest transport of OC produced by open field burning around site C to site A. These findings would be useful for improving model performances in OC/EC predictions.
Analysis of the National Air Pollutant Emission Inventory (CAPSS 2015) and the Major Cause of Change in Republic of Korea
Authors: Yeo So-young , Lee Hyang-kyeong , Choi Seong-woo , Seol Sung-hee , Jin Hyung-ah , Yoo Chul , Lim Jaeh-yun , Kim Jeong-soo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2015, air pollutant emissions in the Republic of Korea were 792,776 metric tons of CO, 1,157,728 metric tons of NOx, 352,292 metric tons of SOx, 604,243 metric tons of TSP, 233,177 metric tons of PM10, 98,806 tons of PM2.5, 15,934 metric tons of BC, 1,010,771 metric tons of VOCs, and 297,167 metric tons of NH3. Among major emission source categories, the main emission sources and the contributions to emissions, by pollutant, were as follows: road transport (31.0%), biomass burning (29.3%), and non-road transport (17.1%) for CO; road transport (31.9%), non-road transport (26.3%), and manufacturing industry (14.6%) for NOx; industrial processes (29.9%), energy production (25.9%), and manufacturing industry (24.2%) for SOx; fugitive dust (67.6%) manufacturing industry (20.1%) for TSP; fugitive dust (47.0%) and manufacturing industry (30.4%) for PM10; manufacturing industry (36.8%), fugitive dust (17.5%), and non-road transport (14.3%) for PM2.5; road transport (42.0%) and non-road transport(39.6%) for BC; solvent use (54.9%) and industrial processes (18.1%) for VOCs; and agriculture (77.8%) and industrial processes (13.3%) for NH3. The data we calculate can be used as official national emissions data for the establishment, implementation, and assessment of air quality-related policy, such as measures to deal with particulate matter, as well as for related modeling and other research.
Psychological adjustment in cybervictims and cyberbullies in secondary education
Authors: Cañas Elizabeth , Estévez Estefania , Marzo Juan C. , Piqueras José A. 
Published: October 2019

El auge de las agresiones cibernéticas entre estudiantes de secundaria y la importancia de ciertas variables de ajuste psicosocial para la comprensión de este tipo de conducta violenta, tanto en agresores como en víctimas, plantean como objetivo en el presente trabajo analizar el perfil psicosocial de ambos implicados en situaciones de ciberagresión. Las variables de ajuste analizadas fueron autoconcepto, estrés percibido, soledad, sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad social, satisfacción con la vida e inteligencia emocional. A partir de una muestra de 1318 adolescentes (47% chicos), de entre 11 y 18 años, se establecieron tres grupos de contraste para cibervíctimas (víctimas severas, moderadas y no cibervíctimas) y tres grupos para ciberagresores (ciberagresores severos, moderados y no ciberagresores). El análisis de varianza mostró que los implicados presentan perfiles psicosociales diferentes y deteriorados. Las cibervíctimas severas mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad, depresión y ansiedad social, y menor autoconcepto, satisfacción con la vida e IE, en comparación con las no cibervíctimas. Los ciberagresores severos mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad y depresión, y menor autoconcepto y satisfacción con la vida, comparativamente con los no ciberagresores. Estos resultados permiten profundizar en la comprensión del ciberacoso entre estudiantes y mejorar los programas preventivos y de intervención en escuelas.
The rise of cyberbullying among high school students and the importance of certain variables of psychological adjustment for the comprehension of this type of violent behavior both in bullies and in victims. This work aims to analyze the psychological profile of individuals involved in situations of cyberbullying, both victims and bullies. The adjustment variables analyzed were self-concept, perceived stress, loneliness, depressive symptomatology, social anxiety, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. Using a sample of 1318 adolescents (47% boys), aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32), three contrast groups were established for cybervictims (severe cybervictims, moderate cybervictims, and non-cybervictims) and three groups for cyberbullies (severe cyberbullies, moderate cyberbullies, and non-cyberbullies). The results obtained through analysis of variance showed that both cybervictims and cyberbullies show deterioration in most of the studied dimensions, albeit with a different profile. Severe cybervictims showed higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, depression, and social anxiety, and lower scores in self-concept, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence, in comparison with non-cybervictims. Severe cyberbullies obtained higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, and depression, and lower scores in self-concept and life satisfaction, compared to non-cyberbullies. These results allow deepening our comprehension of cyberbullying among students to improve preventive and intervention programs in schools.
Functioning of psychopathy and trait aggression as predictive variables of criminal recidivism
Authors: Zabala Baños Maria Carmen , Criado Álvarez Juan José , Lopez Martín Olga , Martínez Lorca Manuela , Jimeno Jiménez María Verónica , Ricarte Trives Jorge Javier 
Published: October 2019

En el presente estudio se analizan varias medidas de agresividad y de psicopatía como posibles factores implicados en la reincidencia penitenciaria. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos así como de agresividad y de psicopatía (Cuestionario de Agresión, IPAS y TRIp) en una muestra de 110 varones internos de un centro penitenciario de Castilla-La Mancha (España). La muestra estuvo formada por dos grupos de 55 sujetos, caracterizados por presentar, o no, trastorno mental. Un 55.8% de los participantes eran reincidentes. La reincidencia mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) con la mayoría de las dimensiones estudiadas de agresividad, con cifras superiores en esta variable en el grupo de reincidentes así como en el grupo de internos diagnosticados con trastorno mental. La variable que mejor predijo la probabilidad de reincidir fue la mezquindad psicopática. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de un trastorno mental y la reincidencia (p>0.05), aunque se observa que entre los reincidentes existe una mayor proporción de personas con un trastorno mental (63.6%). Los reclusos con enfermedad mental presentan un mayor riesgo de reincidencia delictiva y ese riesgo está asociado a mayores puntuaciones en agresividad rasgo así como con mayores puntuaciones en desinhibición y mezquindad psicopática.
In the current study, several measures of aggression and psychopathy are analyzed as possible factors involved in prison recidivism. Sociodemographic data as well as aggression and psychopathy trait measures (Aggression Questionnaire, IPAS and TRIp) were obtained in a sample of 110 male inmates from a penitentiary center in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample consisted of two groups of 55 subjects, characterized by presenting, or not, mental disorder. The 55.8% of the participants were persistent offenders. Recidivism showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05) with most of the dimensions studied for aggressiveness, with higher scores in this variable in the group of repeat offenders as well as in the group of inmates diagnosed with mental disorder. The variable that best predicted the likelihood of re-offending was psychopathic meanness. No statistically significant differences were found between the presence of a mental disorder and recidivism (p> 0.05), although it is observed that among the recidivists there is a greater proportion of people with a mental disorder (63.6%). Inmates with mental illness have a higher risk for criminal recidivism and this risk is associated with higher scores in trait aggressiveness as well as higher scores in disinhibition and psychopathic meanness.
Eficácia escolar: boas práticas à luz de estudos do governo brasileiro e das agências multilaterais
Authors: Martins Edivaldo-Cesar Camarotti , Calderón Adolfo-Ignacio 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar os avanços na produção do conhecimento sobre o tema das boas práticas escolares a partir dos estudos promovidos pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil, apoiados ou não por agências multilaterais, analisando-se as concepções subjacentes, tendências e principais abordagens teóricas existentes, a fim de defender, em termos teóricos, uma aproximação conceitual entre boas práticas escolares e estratégias de melhoria da qualidade da educação básica dentro do campo teórico dos estudos sobre eficácia escolar. Metodologicamente realizou-se um estudo de caráter descritivo-analítico, comparativo, por meio de pesquisa essencialmente bibliográfica, selecionando-se como corpus de análise 10 publicações. Embora sejam reduzidas as indicações de boas práticas sobre clima escolar, as mencionadas foram consideradas essenciais para a melhoria da aprendizagem, na medida em que isso serve de base para o desenvolvimento eficaz tanto de ações de gestão escolar quanto das práticas pedagógicas. Há uma nítida tendência em se abordar boas práticas de gestão escolar, com destaque para a liderança pedagógica do diretor em coordenar a formação continuada dos professores e articular a participação da família nas atividades escolares. As práticas pedagógicas foram fundamentais para as escolas com elevado desempenho, sendo que o compromisso com o ensino e a aprendizagem dos alunos por parte de toda equipe escolar é uma boa prática extremamente relevante nos resultados do desempenho escolar.
Trans-oral robotic surgery versus coblation tongue base reduction for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Lan Wei-Che , Chang Wen-Dien , Tsai Ming-Hsui , Tsou Yung-An 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
To compare the efficacy of trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) with that of coblation assisted tongue base reduction surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Subjects and Methods
The medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for all OSAS patients admitted to one institution for surgical intervention between 2012 and 2017. We analyzed 33 cases; 16 patients received TORS and 17 received coblation surgery for tongue base reduction. Both groups received concomitant uvulopalatoplasty. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by comparing the initial polysomnography (PSG) parameters with the follow-up PSG data (at least 3 months after the surgery). Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and complications were also compared between the 2 groups.

Results
The success rate (≥50% reduction of pre-operative AHI and post-operative AHI <20) in the TORS group and coblation group were 50% and 58%, respectively, and there was no significant difference (p = .611). The AHI (mean ± SD) reduction in the TORS and coblation groups were 24.9 ± 26.5 events/h and 19.4 ± 24.8 events/h, respectively; the between-group difference was not significant (p = .631). ESS improvement did not differ significantly between the TORS and coblation groups (3.8 ± 6.6 and 3.1 ± 9.2, respectively, p = .873). The rates of minor complication were higher in the TORS group (50%) than that of the coblation group (35.3%) without statistical significance (p = .393).

Conclusion
TORS achieved comparable surgical outcomes compared to coblation assisted tongue base reduction surgery in OSAS patients. Multilevel surgery using either TORS or coblation tongue base reduction combined with uvulopalatoplasty is an effective approach for the management of OSAS.
Structural analysis of urinary light chains and proteomic analysis of hyaline tubular casts in light chain associated kidney disorders
Authors: Reiter Thomas , Knafl Daniela , Agis Hermine , Mechtler Karl , Wagner Ludwig , Winnicki Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundMonoclonal overproduction of kappa and/or lambda light chains might result in renal light chain deposition disease. Light chain associated cast nephropathy and renal AL-amyloidosis represent two further pathologies going along with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance and multiple myeloma. While cast nephropathy often manifests with acute kidney injury, AL-amyloidosis is rather accompanied with chronic kidney disease.MethodsUrine samples were collected from 17 patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy. The urine sediment was stained for cast morphology by H/E and light chain immunofluorescence. Following micro-selection of casts under microscope, proteomic analysis of casts was performed by mass spectrometry. Sucrose gradient sedimentation was employed and light chain architecture examined by immunoblotting. Uromodulin was measured by ELISA in sucrose gradient fractions.ResultsUrinary casts were observed of about 30 µm in diameter by H/E staining and under immunofluorescence microscopy. Casts with a diameter of 20 µm were observed as a novel variant. Proteome analysis showed that in addition to the expected light chain variants produced by the malignant clone of plasma cells, also histones such as H2B and cathepsin B were contained. Uromodulin was not detectable in urinary casts of all patients. All eleven patients with lambda light chains showed predominant dimerized light chains in the urine immunoblot. Six patients with kappa light chains presented with predominantly monomeric forms of light chains in the immunoblot. The densitometric evaluated ratio of lambda dimers vs. monomers was significantly higher (2.12 ± 0.75) when compared with the ratio of kappa dimers vs. monomers (0.64 ± 0.47),p = 0.00001. Aggregates of light chains separated in part into denser sucrose fractions.ConclusionThis work on urinary casts and light chains demonstrates that hyaline tubular casts represent a complex formation of protein-protein aggregates with histones and cathepsin B identified as novel cast components. Apart from the proteomic composition of the casts, also the formation of the light chains and aggregates is of relevance. Dimerized light chains, which are typical for lambda paraproteins, might be less dialyzable than monomeric forms and may therefore identify patients less responsive to high cut-off dialysis.
Increased expression of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Fu Yang , Sun Shanshan , Man Xiaojun , Kong Chuize 
Published: October 2019

Background
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was previously reported to play a dual role in promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis in various malignancies. A public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the role of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues and normal tissues. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and RUNX1 expression. Additionally, we analysed the differences in prognosis between patients with high and low expression of RUNX1 via the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the mechanisms of RUNX1 in ccRCC.

Results
The expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. High expression of RUNX1 was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.003), clinical stage (p < 0.001), tissue infiltration (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.037) and histological grade (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was significantly correlated with gender (OR = 1.71 for male vs. female, p = 0.004), histological grade (OR = 11.61 for grade IV vs. I, p < 0.001), clinical stage (OR = 1.55 for stage III/IV vs. I/II, p = 0.014) and tissue infiltration (OR = 1.54 for positive vs. negative, p = 0.018). Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the prognosis of patients with ccRCC with high RUNX1 expression was worse than that of patients with ccRCC with low RUNX1 expression (p < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was strongly correlated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.31–1.97], p < 0.001). In addition, high expression of RUNX1 was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (OS), with an HR of 1.50 (95% CI [1.20–1.87], p < 0.001) in multivariate Cox analysis. GSEA showed that the apoptosis, B cell receptor signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, JAK/STAT signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, p53 signalling pathway, pathways in cancer, T cell receptor signalling pathway, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, VEGF signalling pathway, and Wnt signalling pathway were significantly enriched in the RUNX1 high-expression phenotype. In conclusion, RUNX1 can be used as a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in ccRCC.