bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Stress Law for the Permeability and Deformation of Four Porous Limestones
Authors: Wang Ying , Meng Fanbao , Wang Xiaoqiong , Baud Patrick , Wong Teng‐fong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA fundamental question in rock physics is how the coupling of confining stress and pore pressure influences geophysical properties, which is manifested by the effective stress behavior of the porous rock. We investigated the effective stress behavior of four water‐saturated limestones with porosities ranging from 13% to 30%. Unlike previous experimental studies limited to the permeability, we also characterized the effective stress coefficients for pore volume change and bulk strain. The pore spaces of three of the limestones (two allochemical oolitic and one micritic) have significant fractions of macropores and micropores. In these three limestones with dual porosity the effective stress coefficients for permeability and pore volume change were observed to be consistently greater than 1, even though that for axial strain was less than 1. In a microscopically homogeneous assemblage, the effective stress coefficients for permeability, bulk volumetric strain, and pore volume change are predicted to be equal to or less than unity. Our data therefore show that these limestones cannot be modeled as microscopically homogeneous. Berryman (1992a, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01593) and Berryman (1992b, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.46.3307) analyzed theoretically a rock made up of two porous constituents, and our experimental data are in agreement with inequalities he derived for effective stress coefficients of such an assemblage. For comparison, we studied the Leitha limestone that is made up predominately of macropores. Our data showed that all three effective stress coefficients in this case were less than unity, as predicted for a microscopically homogeneous assemblage.
Land Surface Air Temperature Data Are Considerably Different Among BEST‐LAND, CRU‐TEM4v, NASA‐GISS, and NOAA‐NCEI
Authors: Rao Yuhan , Liang Shunlin , Yu Yunyue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral groups routinely produce gridded land surface air temperature (LSAT) data sets using station measurements to assess the status and impact of climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report suggests that estimated global and hemispheric mean LSAT trends of different data sets are consistent. However, less attention has been paid to the intercomparison at local/regional scales, which is important for local/regional studies. In this study we comprehensively compare four data sets at different spatial and temporal scales, including Berkley Earth Surface Temperature land surface air temperature data set (BEST‐LAND), Climate Research Unit Temperature Data Set version 4 (CRU‐TEM4v), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies data (NASA‐GISS), and data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Center for Environmental Information (NOAA‐NCEI). The mean LSAT anomalies are remarkably different because of the data coverage differences, with the magnitude nearly 0.4°C for the global and Northern Hemisphere and 0.6°C for the Southern Hemisphere. This study additionally finds that on the regional scale, northern high latitudes, southern middle‐to‐high latitudes, and the equator show the largest differences nearly 0.8°C. These differences cause notable differences for the trend calculation at regional scales. At the local scale, four data sets show significant variations over South America, Africa, Maritime Continent, central Australia, and Antarctica, which leads to remarkable differences in the local trend analysis. For some areas, different data sets produce conflicting results of whether warming exists. Our analysis shows that the differences across scales are associated with the availability of stations and the use of infilling techniques. Our results suggest that conventional LSAT data sets using only station observations have large uncertainties across scales, especially over station‐sparse areas. In developing future LSAT data sets, the data uncertainty caused by limited and unevenly distributed station observations must be reduced.
Investigating the Tropospheric Chemistry of Acetic Acid Using the Global 3‐D Chemistry Transport Model, STOCHEM‐CRI
Authors: Khan M. Anwar H. , Lyons Kyle , Chhantyal‐Pun Rabi , McGillen Max R. , Caravan Rebecca L. , Taatjes Craig A. , Orr‐Ewing Andrew J. , Percival Carl J. , Shallcross Dudley E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcetic acid (CH3COOH) is one of the most abundant carboxylic acids in the troposphere. In the study, the tropospheric chemistry of CH3COOH is investigated using the 3‐D global chemistry transport model, STOCHEM‐CRI. The highest mixing ratios of surface CH3COOH are found in the tropics by as much as 1.6 ppb in South America. The model predicts the seasonality of CH3COOH reasonably well and correlates with some surface and flight measurement sites, but the model drastically underpredicts levels in urban and midlatitudinal regions. The possible reasons for the underprediction are discussed. The simulations show that the lifetime and global burden of CH3COOH are 1.6–1.8 days and 0.45–0.61 Tg, respectively. The reactions of the peroxyacetyl radical (CH3CO3) with the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) and other organic peroxy radicals (RO2) are found to be the principal sources of tropospheric CH3COOH in the model, but the model‐measurement discrepancies suggest the possible unknown or underestimated sources which can contribute large fractions of the CH3COOH burden. The major sinks of CH3COOH in the troposphere are wet deposition, dry deposition, and OH loss. However, the reaction of CH3COOH with Criegee intermediates is proposed to be a potentially significant chemical loss process of tropospheric CH3COOH that has not been previously accounted for in global modeling studies. Inclusion of this loss process reduces the tropospheric CH3COOH level significantly which can give even larger discrepancies between model and measurement data, suggesting that the emissions inventory and the chemical production sources of CH3COOH are underpredicted even more so in current global models.
A machine learning approach to predict metabolic pathway dynamics from time-series multiomics data
Authors: Costello Zak , Martin Hector Garcia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNew synthetic biology capabilities hold the promise of dramatically improving our ability to engineer biological systems. However, a fundamental hurdle in realizing this potential is our inability to accurately predict biological behavior after modifying the corresponding genotype. Kinetic models have traditionally been used to predict pathway dynamics in bioengineered systems, but they take significant time to develop, and rely heavily on domain expertise. Here, we show that the combination of machine learning and abundant multiomics data (proteomics and metabolomics) can be used to effectively predict pathway dynamics in an automated fashion. The new method outperforms a classical kinetic model, and produces qualitative and quantitative predictions that can be used to productively guide bioengineering efforts. This method systematically leverages arbitrary amounts of new data to improve predictions, and does not assume any particular interactions, but rather implicitly chooses the most predictive ones.
Nucleus of active asteroid 358P/Pan-STARRS (P/2012 T1)
Authors: Agarwal J. , Mommert M. 
Published: May 2018

Context.The dust emission from active asteroids is likely driven by collisions, fast rotation, sublimation of embedded ice, and combinations of these. Characterising these processes leads to a better understanding of their respective influence on the evolution of the asteroid population.Aims.We study the role of fast rotation in the active asteroid 358P (P 2012/T1).Methods.We obtained two nights of deep imaging of 358P with SOAR/Goodman and VLT/FORS2. We derived the rotational light curve from time-resolved photometry and searched for large fragments and debris >8 mm in a stacked, ultra-deep image.Results.The nucleus has an absolute magnitude ofmR= 19.68, corresponding to a diameter of 530 m for standard assumptions on the albedo and phase function of a C-type asteroid. We do not detect fragments or debris that would require fast rotation to reduce surface gravity to facilitate their escape. The 10-h light curve does not show an unambiguous periodicity.
Thermal inertia and roughness of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from MIRO and VIRTIS observations
Authors: Marshall D. , Groussin O. , Vincent J.-B. , Brouet Y. , Kappel D. , Arnold G. , Capria M. T. , Filacchione G. , Hartogh P. , Hofstadter M. , Ip W.-H. , Jorda L. , Kührt E. , Lellouch E. , Mottola S. , Rezac L. , Rodrigo R. , Rodionov S. , Schloerb P. , Thomas N. 
Published: May 2018

Aims.Using data from the Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, we evaluate the physical properties of the surface and subsurface of the nucleus and derive estimates for the thermal inertia (TI) and roughness in several regions on the largest lobe of the nucleus.Methods.We have developed a thermal model to compute the temperature on the surface and in the uppermost subsurface layers of the nucleus. The model takes heat conduction, self-heating, and shadowing effects into account. To reproduce the brightness temperatures measured by the MIRO instrument, the thermal model is coupled to a radiative transfer model to derive the TI. To reproduce the spatially resolved infrared measurements of the VIRTIS instrument, the thermal model is coupled to a radiance model to derive the TI and surface roughness. These methods are applied to Rosetta data from September 2014.Results.The resulting TI values from both instruments are broadly consistent with each other. From the millimetre channel on MIRO, we determine the TI in the subsurface to be <80 JK−1m−2s−0.5for the Seth, Ash, and Aten regions. The submillimetre channel implies similar results but also suggests that higher values could be possible. A low TI is consistent with other MIRO measurements and in situ data from the MUPUS instrument at the final landing site of Philae. The VIRTIS results give a best-fitting value of 80 JK−1m−2s−0.5and values in the range 40–160 JK−1m−2s−0.5in the same areas. These observations also allow the subpixel scale surface roughness to be estimated and compared to images from the OSIRIS camera. The VIRTIS data imply that there is significant roughness on the infrared scale below the resolution of the available shape model and that, counter-intuitively, visually smooth terrain (centimetre scale) can be rough at small (micrometre–millimetre) scales, and visually rough terrain can be smooth at small scales.
Cosmic dance at z ~ 3: Detecting the host galaxies of the dual AGN system LBQS 0302–0019 and Jil with HAWK-I+GRAAL
Authors: Husemann B. , Bielby R. , Jahnke K. , Arrigoni-Battaia F. , Worseck G. , Shanks T. , Wardlow J. , Scholtz J. 
Published: May 2018

We recently discovered that the luminous radio-quiet quasi-stellar objects (QSO) LBQS 0302–0019 at z = 3.286 is likely accompanied by an obscured AGN at 20 kpc projected distance, which we dubbed Jil. It represents the tightest candidate system of an obscured and unobscured dual AGN at z > 3. To verify the dual AGN scenario, we obtained deep Ks band (rest-frame V band) imaging with the VLT/HAWK-I+GRAAL instrument at 0.″4 resolution during science verification in January 2018. We detect the individual host galaxies of the QSO and Jil with estimated stellar masses of log(M⋆/M⊙) = 11.4 ± 0.5 and log(M⋆/M⊙) = 0.9 ± 0.5, respectively. Near-IR spectra obtained with Very Large Telescope-K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (VLT-KMOS) reveal a clear [O III] λ5007 line detection at the location of Jil that does not contribute significantly to the Ks band flux. Both observations therefore corroborate the dual AGN scenario. A comparison to Illustris simulations suggests a parent halo mass of log(Mhalo/M⊙) = 13.2 ± 0.5 for this interacting galaxy system, corresponding to a massive dark matter halo at that epoch.
Beatmungsmedizin – das Wichtigste aus 4 aktuellen Leitlinien
Authors: Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: May 2018

Was ist neu?
S2k-Leitlinie: Außerklinische Beatmung Eine außerklinische nicht invasive Beatmung (NIV) nach akuter respiratorischer Azidose bei zugrundeliegender COPD sollte erst dann begonnen werden, wenn die Hyperkapnie auch 2 – 4 Wochen nach dem akuten Ereignis noch persistiert. Bevor die invasive außerklinische Beatmung wegen Weaningversagen initiiert wird, soll das erfolglose Weaning von einem in Beatmung und Weaning erfahrenen Arzt – idealerweise aus einem Weaningzentrum – festgestellt oder mindestens konsiliarisch geprüft werden. Wird ein Patient ohne vorherige Betreuung in einem Beatmungszentrum in die invasive außerklinische Beatmung entlassen, sollte zeitnah (maximal nach 3 Monaten) ein Experte aus einem Beatmungszentrum hinzugezogen werden. Alternativ kann eine Überprüfung des Weaningpotenzials und der außerklinischen Versorgungssituation durch einen ermächtigten/niedergelassenen Arzt mit Beatmungsexpertise in Rücksprache mit einem solchen Zentrum erfolgen.
S3-Leitlinie: Invasive Beatmung und Einsatz extrakorporaler Verfahren bei akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz Wenn trotz konsequenter Anwendung der oben empfohlenen Maßnahmen eine Befundverschlechterung eintritt, wird empfohlen ein regionales ARDS/ECMO- Zentrum zu kontaktieren. Angehörige und Patienten sollten über Langzeitfolgen der invasiven Beatmung informiert werden.
S2k-Leitlinie: Prolongiertes Weaning Zunehmende Bedeutung erhält darüber hinaus die umfassende Prozessorganisation in der Versorgung von Patienten im prolongierten Weaning unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der erforderlichen interdisziplinären Versorgungskette. Hierbei kommt den Weaningzentren, der neurologischen und pneumologischen Frührehabilitation, sowie der professionellen Überleitung der Patienten in eine außerklinische Beatmung ein hoher Stellenwert zu.
S3-Leitlinie: NIV bei akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz Bei hypoxämischer ARI sollte NIV allenfalls in einem milden Stadium des ARDS und bei ausgewählten Patienten ohne oder mit nur geringgradigen zusätzlichen Organversagen eingesetzt werden. Der Einsatz von NIV sollte spezialisierten Zentren mit großer Erfahrung im Einsatz der NIV vorbehalten bleiben und ausschließlich unter kontinuierlichem Monitoring und ständiger Intubationsbereitschaft erfolgen.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Distylium racemosum Extract in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Han Jong-Heon , Park Kyuhee , Lee Jong , Nam Yeon-Ju , Yang Jungeun , Song Myung-Jin , Ko Sung-Jin , Kim Su-Gyeong , Byun Hoo-Dhon , Kim Young , Park Ji-Gweon , Choi Yongmun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAllergic asthma is a complex disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Patients with asthma often show poor adherence to corticosteroid therapy owing to prominent side effects, which provides a rationale to explore new drug classes with a better safety profile. In this study, we sought to discover natural products that inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase 4, which is considered a potential molecular target for anti-inflammatory therapy. The screening of a plant extract library led to the identification of Distylium racemosum, which inhibited phosphodiesterase 4 activity in vitro and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signaling in cultured cells. In a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma, D. racemosum treatment significantly reduced inflammatory responses in the lung, as well as serum immunoglobulin E levels. Although the active constituents of D. racemosum extract and the exact mechanism underlying the in vivo action of D. racemosum remain to be elucidated, our results provide a basis for further investigation of D. racemosum extract as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for allergic asthma.
Tackling the Challenge of the Total Synthesis of Periploside A
Authors: Yu Biao , Zhang Xiaheng 
Published: May 2018

Periploside A is the prototypical congener of the pregnane glycosides occurring in the Chinese medicinal plant Periploca sepium, featuring a unique seven-membered formyl acetal bridged spiro-­orthoester (FABO) sugar linkage and potent immunosuppressive activities. This account details our efforts on the stereoselective construction of the FABO motif that has led to a successful total synthesis of peri­ploside A.1	Introduction2	Attempts at Construction of the FABO Motif2.1	Intermolecular Condensation and Transacetalation2.2	Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Reaction3	Synthesis of the FABO Motif Bearing the Unnatural Anomeric Configuration4	Synthesis of the FABO Motif Bearing the Natural Anomeric ­Configuration4.1	Unsuccessful Attempts4.2	Final Solution5	Conclusion
Distal Radius Fractures: Evaluation of Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Kirschner Wire Pinning
Authors: Özkan Sezai , Westenberg Ritsaart , Helliwell Lydia , Mudgal Chaitanya 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objective Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is losing popularity as a treatment modality for distal radius fractures. However, in select cases, CRPP may have advantages relative to open reduction and internal reduction. We aimed to retrospectively assess the outcomes after CRPP for the treatment of distal radius fractures.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study.
Methods We used billing records to identify all skeletally mature patients with a distal radius fracture who were treated with CRPP by a single surgeon at a level I trauma center in an urban city in the United States. We assessed the medical charts and recorded demographics, trauma and treatment characteristics, radiographic characteristics, and outcomes.
Results All patients had a good or excellent range of motion regarding forearm rotation, and almost 80% had good or excellent range of motion regarding flexion or extension of their wrist. One patient had a concern for pin tract infection, and one had subcutaneous migration of a pin, which were both treated by pin removal.
Conclusion CRPP is a good option in patients with few and sizeable fracture fragments in patients with a distal radius fracture, and it should be considered as an effective tool to restore radiographic parameters and functional outcomes.
Latin parsing grammars from the Carolingian age to the later Middle Ages
Authors: Reinikka Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article traces the history of Latin parsing grammars from Late Antiquity up to the 14th century, focusing on the group of texts with the incipitDominus quae pars. These grammars circulating mainly north of the Alps were intended to be studied at the elementary and intermediate levels of education following the study of theDonatus minor. By asking questions about a chosen headword of each part of speech in turn, the parsing manuals offered a technique which allowed the pupil to put into practice what he had already learnt and the teacher to focus on the information he considered as relevant, including different aspects of morphology, semantics, etymology, prosody or accentuation. A number of novelties introduced into the theoretical grammars also filtered down to the lower levels of teaching. Thus, when a section on syntax began to be incorporated into pedagogical grammars in the 12th century, some syntactical concepts also entered into parsing grammars. From the 13th century onwards, elements of Aristotelian logic and physics were also integrated into the theory of the parts of speech and their syntax in theDominus quae parstexts.
The Role of Vernacular Proverbs in Latin Language Acquisition, c. 1200–1600
Authors: Geudens Christophe , Van Hal Toon 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper examines the continuities and discontinuities in language teaching between the Middle Ages and the early modern era by drawing attention to the role of bilingual Latin-vernacular proverb collections in premodern education, a subject that has hitherto been neglected in the historiography of linguistics. The focus is on bilingual collections that are of Dutch origin. The paper aims to show that there was an active culture of teaching Latin through vernacular proverbs in Western Europe from the 11th century to the 17th century. After presenting some collections and surveying the arguments in favour of classroom use, it investigates the impact of humanism and the reformation on proverb-based teaching.
Radical reform, inevitable debts
Authors: Marsico Clementina 
Published: May 2018

Summary
In a letter to his friend Joan Serra, Lorenzo Valla (1407–1457) shows his contempt for medieval grammars, describing Alexander de Villa-Dei, Evrard de Béthune, Giovanni Balbi, and others as faex hominum. Many traces of Valla’s polemics against medieval authors are woven into his linguistic works, in primis in his Elegantie lingue latine.
The Elegantie represent a monumental attempt to restore Latin to its original splendour after the so-called barbarities of the Middle Ages. Starting from its structure, this work adopts a completely different form compared with the systematic grammatical syntheses of the previous period. It functions as a series of thematic chapters united in the goal of denouncing earlier grammatical, lexical, syntactic, and interpretive usage and decisions. The chapters are built entirely on an expertly assembled collection of quotations. For Valla, only through consulting the best authors can a scholar reach the latine loqui. In practical terms, however, is Valla truly able to reach this goal and break from the medieval tradition?
Beginning with this question, this paper focuses on Valla’s linguistic works, showing both their innovative and traditional facets. The most significant changes Valla proposes in his linguistic analysis – often presented by the author as a strong attack on medieval grammarians – are illustrated. Also, the paper clarifies the humanist’s inevitable debt to the tradition he scorns, particularly evident when considering his use of grammatical terminology.
“Si hoc saeculo natus fuisset”
Authors: Considine John 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe lexicographical part of theCatholiconof Giovanni Balbi of Genoa (d.1286), compiled in 1286, was the dominant Latin dictionary of the 15th century and the first major Latin dictionary to be printed: 24 editions recorded from the 1460s to 1500, another 7 from 1501 to 1520. In the twenty-five years before the final edition, two attempts were made to refurbish it, one by a certain Master Petrus Aegidius in 1499 and one by the humanist Jodocus Badius Ascensius (1462–1535) in 1506. Their editions were meant to maintain the place of a 13th-century dictionary in the world of humanist reference publishing. This paper gives an account of Aegidius’ and Badius’ additions to theCatholicon, emphasising both the intellectual content of their work and the dictionary’s place in the history of the learned book. The paper concludes with an account of how theCatholiconwas driven out of the market by a dictionary compiled in the late 15th century, theDictionariumof Ambrogio Calepino (c.1435–1511), published from 1502 onwards. An appendix sets out the editions of theCatholiconfrom 1499 onwards, with title page transcriptions.