bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and chemical markers associated with Acyrthosiphon pisum tolerance in hybrid pea lines
Authors: Nikolova Ivelina M. 
Published: October 2019

Aim of study: Determining morphological and chemical markers in hybrid lines of winter forage pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense L.) associated with Acyrthosiphon pisum tolerance for breeding programs.Area of study: The experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria, during the 2016-2018 period.Material and methods: Six hybrid lines of winter forage pea were studied for tolerance to A. pisum. The field trial was conducted using a long-plot design and a natural background of soil (leached chernozem) supplied with major nutrients. An entomological net for sweeping was used once a week for aphid number recording. Stem height and leaf number were recorded and chemical composition was determined at the flowering stage. The coefficient of variation concerning aphid density was calculated and the stability and adaptability of lines was evaluated.Main results: Hybrid lines 6 and 12A were stable, widely adapted to the changing environmental conditions and the aphid density was statistically the lowest (31.1 and 36.8 individuals/m2, respectively). A significant positive interaction was found between aphid density and plant height, leaf area, protein, and phosphorus content. Lines 6 and 12A had lower stems (74.7 and 82.5 cm), smaller leaf areas (571.13 and 657.39 cm2/plant), lower protein and P contents, and these markers defined them as aphid tolerant.Research highlights: Incorporation of plant markers of pea lines, less preferred by aphids, is an efficient tool for improving breeding programs for aphid resistance.
Just culture en herstelrecht in de afwikkeling van medische schade
Authors: Laarman B.S. 
Published: October 2019

Just culture en herstelrecht in de afwikkeling van medische schade
In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht wat er vanuit een ‘herstelgericht’ perspectief te zeggen is over de afwikkeling van medische schade. Biedt restorative just culture aanknopingspunten voor een afwikkeling van medische schade die beter aansluit bij de behoeften van betrokkenen?
Eén medisch adviseur empirisch onderzocht
Authors: van Dijck G. 
Published: October 2019

Eén medisch adviseur empirisch onderzocht
Dit artikel doet verslag van een onderzoek waarin is getest of letselschadezaken sneller en tegen minder kosten kunnen worden afgewikkeld in een procedure met één medisch adviseur (1MA) in vergelijking met een procedure met twee medisch adviseurs (2MA). Een veldexperiment met 129 zaken die willekeurig werden toegewezen aan de 1MA- en 2MA-groep is opgezet om te testen of de procedure zou leiden tot verschillen tussen de twee procedures in termen van doorlooptijden en kosten. De resultaten laten verschillen zien tussen de twee procedures ten gunste van de 1MA-procedure, in ieder geval ten aanzien van de looptijd; het bewijs dat de 1MA-procedure met lagere kosten gepaard ging dan de 2MA-procedure is op zijn best genomen zwak. In samenhang met eerder empirisch onderzoek lijkt de conclusie vooral te zijn dat tijdwinst en kostenbesparing kunnen worden bereikt door het beperken van mogelijkheden tot extra handelingen en discussie. Dit kan met een 1MA-procedure, maar dit is geen garantie voor snellere doorlooptijden en lagere kosten.
Ocasio Alonso, un marinero en la primera vuelta al mundo: incidencias y vicisitudes de un superviviente.
Authors: Jiménez Abollado Francisco Luis 
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se pretende rescatar a uno de los supervivientes del primer viaje que dio la vuelta al mundo en la expedición Magallanes-Elcano, Ocasio Alonso, natural de Bollullos del Condado, en la actual provincia de Huelva. Gracias al expediente “Probanza de la posesión del Maluco. Badajoz, 1524”, sito en la sección Patronato del Archivo General de Indias, podemos acceder a su testimonio como integrante de la citada expedición. El documento pretende aclarar la posesión de las islas del Maluco durante el conflicto castellano-portugués por el control de los dominios de la Especiería. Ocasio Alonso se convirtió en uno de los testigos presentados por la Corona imperial española. Además de este expediente, que nos va a servir para conocer al personaje y su participación en este hito histórico, lo seguiremos también a través de otras peripecias acaecidas durante la travesía y que han quedado recogidas en crónicas y trabajos realizados para ensalzar y dar a conocer la gesta circunnavegadora.
This work aims to rescue one of the survivors of the first trip that went around the world in the Magallanes-Elcano expedition, Ocasio Alonso, a native of Bollullos del Condado, in the current province of Huelva. Thanks to the file “Probanza de la posesión del Maluco. Badajoz, 1524”, located in the section Patronato of the General Archive of the Indies, we can access your testimony as a member of that expedition. The document aims to clarify the possession of the Maluco Islands during the Castilian-Portuguese conflict by controlling the domains of the Especiería. Ocasio Alonso became one of the witnesses presented by the Spanish imperial crown. In addition to this transcript which will serve us to meet the character and his participation in this historic milestone, we will also follow him through other adventures that occurred during the crossing and that have been collected in chronicles and works carried out to praise and publicize the circumnavigating deed.
Les mauvaises mères dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala et Contours du jour qui vient de Léonora Miano
Authors: Coste Marion 
Published: October 2019

Cet article étudie la figure de la mauvaise mère dans Contours du jour qui vient de Léonora Miano et dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala. La comparaison entre les deux autrices permet de souligner la façon dont cette figure de la mauvaise mère est utilisée pour dénoncer certains travers de la société patriarcale décrite dans ces romans. Les critiques sont précises et renvoient clairement à la République démocratique du Congo chez Léonora Miano, tandis que chez Calixthe Beyala, elles restent plus vagues et sont le fruit d’une vision plus stéréotypée de l’Afrique. La réconciliation partielle entre la mère et la fille, qui a lieu à la fin des deux romans, apparaît comme une nécessité pour dépasser les blessures postcoloniales de la société, qui est marquée par la religion évangéliste et les superstitions chez L. Miano et, chez C. Beyala, par les violences misogynes et le désamour de soi.
Protein Design
Authors: Campos Luis A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The design of proteins with new or modified characteristics was initially limited to random searches for optimal sequences or to a rational amino acid modification using our knowledge about the target. Nowadays, the advances in the development of new methodologies for directed evolution, including improved screening methods, in silico sequence selection and computational energy minimum search, together with their combination, have expanded the field to a whole new world of possibilities. Plenty of successful protein
de novo
design and redesign approaches can be found in the literature, including enzymatic optimisation, nonnatural protein scaffold design, metal‐binding site insertion or oligomerisation, among others.

Key Concepts

Protein design is an expanding field with methodological improvements in recent years and a huge list of successful achievements.

Rational protein design methods are fundamental to restrict the search for the best sequence candidates that might otherwise take ages, due to the 20

n

possible sequences, where n is the amino acid length of the protein.

The available methods can be divided into experimental methods and computational methods, where the difference is the use of computer simulations to find the optimal sequence.

The best results are being obtained through a combination of different techniques to arrive in the optimal sequence.

Enzymatic design has transformed manufacturing processes thanks to the creation of highly optimised enzymes that improve a vast variety of reactions designed to produce high‐value compounds with interest in industry, biotechnology and biomedicine.

The improvement of computational methods, mainly with the increase of computer power and the development of accurate simulation software, has enabled us to design
de novo
highly stable proteins with nonnatural structure, good candidates for being used as scaffolds in the design of new protein activities.

Interface optimisation in protein design helps to produce new oligomeric macromolecules with interesting properties (including rings, filaments, cages, layers or surfaces) and with plenty of possible applications in the future.
Environmental Seasonality and Mammalian Brain Size Evolution
Authors: Heldstab Sandra A , Isler Karin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Ecology has been shown to be among the main drivers of brain size evolution. One important ecological aspect is environmental seasonality. Seasonality is related to brain size evolution in two different ways: On one hand, seasonality acts as energetic constraint on brain size because it forces animals to deal with periodic food shortages (expensive brain hypothesis). On the other hand, seasonality may act as a selective pressure to increase brain size, as cognitive and behavioural flexibility helps to overcome periods of food scarcity (cognitive buffer hypothesis). Current evidence suggests that energetic constraints imposed by environmental seasonality play a crucial role in mammalian brain size evolution, cognitive buffering; on the contrary, seems to be less ubiquitous and is mainly found in large‐brained species such as haplorrhine primates and birds.

Key Concepts

Ecology is one of the main drivers of brain size evolution.

Whether selection favours large brains depends on whether the fitness benefits of having a large brain exceed the high costs of brain maintenance.

Environmental seasonality is both cognitively challenging and energetically expensive.

Large‐brained species use their enhanced cognitive abilities in the form of behavioural flexibility to deal with environmental seasonality by keeping food consumption constant throughout the year (cognitive buffer hypothesis).

If species face periods of food scarcity, they will not be able to hold the energy supply for a large brain constant. In this situation, seasonality acts as energetic constraint on brain size (expensive brain hypothesis).

Seasonality constrains brain size in all mammalian groups investigated so far and might also play a role in other lineages.

Cognitive buffering is mainly found in primates and birds.
Karyotype Evolution in Holocentric Organisms
Authors: Márquez‐Corro José Ignacio , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Pedrosa‐Harand Andrea , Hipp Andrew L , Luceño Modesto , Escudero Marcial 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Holocentric chromosomes are characterised by the presence of kinetochoric activity along the chromosome length. This atypical chromosomal architecture has evolved independently in a wide array of lineages across the tree of life. Different mechanisms have been developed to overcome meiotic problems posed by holocentry, such as inverted meiosis and restricted kinetochore activity. Although holocentric karyotypes present potential advantages through the fission and fusion events that characterise chromosome evolution in several holocentric lineages, there is no consistent evidence of increased diversification rates in holocentric lineages relative to monocentric lineages. The extended kinetochore in holocentric chromosomes has been hypothesised to enable a unique type of meiotic drive, ‘holocentric drive’, analogous to the meiotic drive of monocentric chromosomes. However, much research remains to understand holocentrism, especially elucidating the mechanism and evolutionary implications of meiosis in unrelated holocentric lineages.

Key Concepts

Monocentric chromosomes are distinct from holocentric chromosomes during mitotic segregation, in which chromosomes generally adopt a V shape in the former and segregate parallel to the equatorial plate in the latter.

Holocentric chromosomes are present in distantly related plant and animal lineages, suggesting several independent origins of holocentry.

Monocentry appears to be ancestral in eukaryotes, and evolutionary transitions appear to have occurred from monocentric to holocentric, and vice versa.

Reversions from holocentric to monocentric chromosomes appear to have occurred more frequently than transitions from monocentry to holocentry.

Although holocentric chromosomes would seem like an adaptive advantage, there is no clear pattern when compared to monocentric lineages, as both types could present different evolutionary advantages.
OsirisGenes and Insect Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Coolon Joseph D , Drum Zachary , Lanno Stephen M , Smith Chris R 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTheOsirisgene family is unique to insect lineages. Though the exact function ofOsirisgenes has remained elusive, recent work has furthered our understanding of their critical role in insect development, adaptation and likely speciation. Insects are among the most evolutionarily successful groups, and important aspects of their biology are regulated by or associated withOsirisgene expression. Most insect genomes contain 20–25Osirisgenes which reveal remarkable conserved synteny and sequence homology across hundreds of millions of years. Given the essential nature ofOsirisgenes in insect development, we consider this gene family understudied. While their molecular function is as of yet unclear, their importance in insect evolution is now just coming to light.Osirisgenes have a function in phenotypic plasticity, metabolisim, and immunity, making them key targets of selection as well as for insect population control.Key ConceptsOsiris gene family expansion occurred early in insect evolution.Osiris genes have conserved synteny across hundreds of millions of years.Osiris genes are essential in development, are correlated in expression.At least some Osiris genes are involved in endosomal trafficking.Osiris genes are involved in adaptive processes, such as phenotypic plasticity, immunity, and detoxification.
The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors
Authors: Tian Yu , Gao Mingjian , Wang Peng , Gao Fengqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.
NOVEL intronic CAPN3 Roma mutation alters splicing causing RNA mediated decay
Authors: Mavillard Fabiola , Madruga‐Garrido Marcos , Rivas Eloy , Servián‐Morilla Emilia , Ávila‐Polo Rainiero , Marcos Irene , Morón Francisco J. , Paradas Carmen , Cabrera‐Serrano Macarena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCAPN3 mutations cause a limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Functional characterization of novel mutations facilitates diagnosis of future cases. We have identified a novel (c.1992 + 2T>G) CAPN3 mutation that disrupts the donor splice site of intron 17 splicing out exon 17, with mRNA levels severely reduced or undetectable. The mutation induces a strong change in the 3D structure of the mRNA which supports no‐go mRNA decay as the probable mechanism for RNA degradation. The mutation was identified in two unrelated Roma individuals showing a common ancestral origin and founder effect. This is the first Roma CAPN3 mutation to be reported.
Liquid Crystalline Vitrimers with Full or Partial Boronic‐Ester Bond Exchange
Authors: Saed Mohand O. , Gablier Alexandra , Terentejv Eugene M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this manuscript, a new vitrimer chemistry strategy (boronic transesterification) is introduced into liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to allow catalyst‐free bond exchange to enable processing (director alignment, remolding, and welding) in the liquid crystalline (nematic) phase. Additionally, the concept of partial vitrimer network is explored, where a percolating fraction of the network remains permanently cross‐linked, hence preserving the integrity of the materials and preventing large creep. This combined strategy allows one to avoid the shortcomings of current methods of aligning LCE, especially in complex shapes. Thiol‐acrylate Michael addition reaction is used to produce uniform polymer networks with controllable thermomechanical response and local plasticity. Control of the plasticity is achieved by varying the fractions of permanent and exchangeable network, where a material “sweet spot” with an optimum elastic/plastic balance is identified. Such exchangeable LCE (xLCE) allows postpolymerization processing, while also minimizing unwanted creep during actuation. Moreover, conjoining multiple materials (isotropic and liquid‐crystalline) in a single covalently bonded composite structure results in a variety of smart morphing systems that adopt shapes with complex curvature. Remolding and welding xLCEs may enable the applications of these materials as mechanical actuators in reversibly folding origami, in vivo artificial muscles, and in soft robotics.
Quantum Topological Boundary States in Quasi‐Crystals
Authors: Wang Yao , Lu Yong‐Heng , Gao Jun , Sun Ke , Jiao Zhi‐Qiang , Tang Hao , Jin Xian‐Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTopological phases play a novel and fundamental role in matter and display extraordinary robustness to smooth changes in material parameters or disorder. A crossover between topological material and quantum information may lead to inherent fault‐tolerant quantum simulations and quantum computing. Quantum features may be preserved by being encoded among topological structures of physical evolution systems. This requires stimulation, manipulation, and observation of topological phenomena at the single quantum particle level, which has not, however, yet been realized. It is asked whether the quantum features of single photons can be preserved in topological structures. The boundary states are experimentally observed at the genuine single‐photon level and the performance of the topological phase is demonstrated to protect the quantum features against diffusion‐induced decoherence in coupled waveguides and noise decoherence from the ambient environment. Compatibility between macroscopic topological states and microscopic single photons in the ambient environment is thus confirmed, leading to a new avenue to “quantum topological photonics” and providing more new possibilities for quantum materials and quantum technologies.
Triboelectric Power Generation from Heterostructured Air‐Laid Paper for Breathable and Wearable Self‐Charging Power System
Authors: Yang Wei , Lu Xianmao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA breathable and wearable self‐charging power system is developed by integrating paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (P‐TENG) and supercapacitor (P‐SC). The felt side and wire side of highly porous and mechanically robust air‐laid paper are utilized as the triboelectric pair of the P‐TENG, which not only shows remarkable flexibility and cloth‐like air permeability (333 mm s−1), but exhibits exceptional wet stability (85% voltage retention after four soaking cycles). To match the triboelectric output, the self‐discharge behavior of the P‐SC is comprehensively evaluated for effectively storing the triboelectricity. The service behavior of the self‐charging system is investigated when the P‐TENG is immersed in water or subject to partial damage. Considering the cost‐effective materials and scalable process for the fabrication of the self‐charging power units, a promising approach for the development of wearable self‐powered electronics is provided here.
Catalyst‐Free Vapor–Solid Deposition Growth of β‐Ga2O3 Nanowires for DUV Photodetector and Image Sensor Application
Authors: Xie Chao , Lu Xing‐Tong , Ma Meng‐Ru , Tong Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Wang Li , Wu Chun‐Yan , Yang Wen‐Hua , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotodetection in the solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) regime (200–280 nm) has received significant attention for its many critical applications in military and civil areas. In this study, a vapor–solid synthesis technique for catalyst‐free growth of single‐crystalline β‐Ga2O3 nanowires is developed. A photodetector made of the nanowires is highly sensitive to 265 nm DUV illumination with excellent photoresponse performance. The performance parameters including Ilight/Idark ratio, responsivity, specific detectivity and response speed can attain ≈103, ≈233 A W−1, ≈8.16 × 1012 Jones, and 0.48/0.04 s, respectively. Additionally, the detector has an abrupt response cutoff wavelength at ≈290 nm with a reasonable DUV/visible (250–405 nm) rejection ratio exceeding 102. It is also found that the device can operate properly at a large applied bias of 200 V with the responsivity being enhanced to as high as ≈1680 A W−1. Moreover, such a nanowires‐based photodetector can function as a DUV light image sensor with a reasonable spatial resolution. Holding the above advantages, the present DUV photodetector based on catalyst‐free grown β‐Ga2O3 nanowires possesses huge possibility for application in future DUV optoelectronics.
Multifunctional p‐Type Carbon Quantum Dots: a Novel Hole Injection Layer for High‐Performance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Significantly Enhanced Stability
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Yuan Fanglong , Sun Wenda , Shi Hongfei , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Fan Louzhen , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor metal halide perovskite (MHP)‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), effective radiative recombination of the injected holes and electrons within the MHP layer and minimized injection energy barriers at the interfaces between MHP emission layer and charge injection layers are prerequisites for high‐performance and stable PeLEDs. Herein, for the first time, novel p‐type carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are introduced as a hole injection layer in PeLEDs to replace acidic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer. The CQDs demonstrate high hole transport mobility and desirable hole injection energy level. Moreover, the carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups on CQDs not only offer a hydrophilic surface for high‐quality perovskite layer growth, but also passivate the perovskite surface defects to suppress the interfacial exciton quenching. Based on the multifunctional p‐type CQDs, high‐performance green CsPbBr3 PeLEDs with a low turn‐on voltage of only 2.8 V, maximum luminance of 25 770 cd m−2, and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.8% are achieved. The PeLEDs also show good operational stability and long‐term environmental stability. The first application of CQDs as a hole injection layer in PeLEDs breaks through the traditional cognition of carbon materials and opens up new pathways for the developments of carbon nanomaterials in optoelectronic devices.