bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of divergence in residual feed intake on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver of meat-type ducks1
Authors: Jin Sihua , Yang Lei , Fan Xinfeng , Wu Minghui , Xu Yuan , Chen Xianzen , Lin Zhiqiang , Geng Zhaoyu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lipid metabolism is considered one of the important factors affecting residual feed intake (RFI). However, the relationship between RFI and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes is unknown in meat-type ducks. To address this issue, a total of 1,000 male meat-type ducks with similar body weight were randomly selected to measure body weight gain and feed intake from 21 to 42 d of age to estimate RFI. The 8 greatest- (high RFI [HRFI]) and lowest- (low RFI [LRFI]) ranking birds were then selected for the present study. Relative expressions of key genes, namely sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), forkhead box O1 (Foxo1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), were then determined in the HRFI and LRFI ducks by quantitative PCR. The results showed that RFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks. In addition, expression of Sirt1, Foxo1, CPT1A, and ACOX1 were significantly higher in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks (P < 0.05), whereas PPARγ and FAS expression levels were significantly lower in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that Sirt1, CPT1A, and ACOX1 expressions were significantly negatively correlated with FCR (r = −0.81 to −0.93; P < 0.01), whereas PPARγ and FAS expressions were significantly positively correlated with FCR (r = 0.74 to 0.87; P < 0.01). PPARγ expression was significantly positively correlated with RFI (r = 0.83; P < 0.01), whereas CPT1A and ACOX1 expressions were significantly negatively correlated with RFI (r = −0.84 to −0.89; P < 0.01). Sirt1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with Foxo1, CPT1A, and ACOX1 mRNA expression (r = 0.78 to 0.92; P < 0.01). Association of Foxo1 with CPT1A and ACOX1 was positive (r = 0.88 to 0.96; P < 0.01). These results suggest that genes related to fatty acid oxidation are upregulated in the liver of ducks with high feed efficiency, while genes associated with lipid synthesis are downregulated. Furthermore, the inclusion of lipid metabolism-related genes in future breeding programs might be beneficial for selecting ducks with greater feed efficiency phenotype.
Effects of abomasally infused amylase and increasing amounts of corn starch on fecal excretion of starch, total and microbial nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids in heifers1
Authors: Robbers Kristina , Westreicher-Kristen Edwin , Troescher Arnulf , Susenbeth Andreas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the effect of exogenous amylase on postruminal disappearance of increasing amounts of corn starch being infused into the abomasum of heifers, and to detect a possible limitation of starch digestion in the small intestine. Four rumen-fistulated heifers (2 German Black Pied and 2 Jersey × German Black Pied) with an initial BW of 565 ± 6 kg were fed 5.6 kg DM/d of a diet targeted to contain only a negligible amount of starch. Animals were assigned randomly to a crossover trial with 2 experimental periods lasting 35 d each with 10 d of diet adaption followed by 25 d of sample collection. During the sampling period, each animal was abomasally infused with native corn starch at 5 levels (953, 1,213, 1,425, 1,733, and 1,993 g DM/d) each for a 5-d period with and without exogenous amylase, respectively. At days 6 to 10 the heifers received an abomasal infusion of starch in amounts of 724 g/d. Feces were sampled 4 times a day during the collection periods. Titanium dioxide was ruminally administered (10 g/d) to estimate fecal excretion. Purine bases in feces were determined and used as a marker for microbial N excretion. Fecal excretion of microbial N increased linearly with increasing level of starch infusion (P < 0.001), indicating a constant proportion of the infused starch being fermented in the hindgut. In contrast, the apparent digestibility of starch from the total postruminal tract decreased linearly from 90% to 80% (P < 0.001) when the intestinal starch supply increased from 1 to 2 kg/d. There is strong evidence based on the increasing starch excretion with feces and the indication of a constant proportion of infused starch being fermented in the hindgut for a decreasing efficiency of starch digestion in the small intestine with increasing intestinal supply. Amylase administration increased fecal excretion of butyrate (P = 0.04) and tended to increase isovalerate excretion (P = 0.06). However, amylase did not affect fecal excretion of microbial N or starch, suggesting that pancreatic amylase activity may not be the primarily limiting factor of postruminal starch digestion in heifers when corn starch is abomasally infused in amounts up to 2 kg/d.
Effect of prior ipsilateral lower extremity surgery on 2-year outcomes following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Kunze Kyle N , Beck Edward C , Okoroha Kelechi R , Chahla Jorge , Suppauksorn Sunikom , Bush-Joseph Charles A , Katakam Akhil , Nho Shane J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of prior lower extremity surgery on patient reported outcomes following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS and a prior history of ipsilateral lower extremity surgery were identified and matched 2:1 by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) to controls without a history of lower extremity surgery. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were calculated for HOS–ADL, HOS–SS, and mHHS. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative patient reported outcomes of both groups were compared, and logistic regression was performed to determine whether lower extremity surgery influenced achieving MCID and PASS. A total of 102 patients (24.94%) with prior history of ipsilateral lower extremity surgery were identified. Ipsilateral orthopaedic knee surgery accounted for more than half (53.92%) of all prior surgeries. Patients with a history of ipsilateral lower extremity surgery had significant lower 2-year PROs, satisfaction, and greater pain when compared to patients without lower extremity surgery (P &lt; 0.001 all). A history of ipsilateral lower extremity surgery was a negative predictor of achieving MCID for HOS–ADL and HOS–SS, as well as PASS for HOS–ADL, HOS–SS, and mHHS (P &lt; 0.001 all).
In conclusion, patients with prior lower extremity surgery were found to have inferior outcome scores and a lower likelihood of achieving clinically significant outcome improvement compared to patients without a history of lower extremity surgery at two years postoperatively.
The effect of arthroscopic capsulotomy and repair on native resting hip joint forces using a non-destructive extra-articular method
Authors: Schaffer Joseph C , Vasconcellos Daniel , Kelly Meghan , Kaplan Nathan B , Maqsoodi Noorullah , Olles Mark , Elfar John C , Giordano Brian D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious methods for measuring intra-articular forces require significant soft tissue dissection and intra-articular insertion of sensory instruments. This study demonstrates a minimally invasive method of measuring native resting hip joint force without disrupting the soft tissue envelope. This method is then utilized to determine the effect of capsulotomy and repair on these forces. Twenty fresh-frozen human cadaver hemipelves were percutaneously instrumented with an iliac crest locking plate and retrograde femoral nail to allow for testing using a distracting force. Force–displacement curves were generated in the native state, and after joint venting, an anterior hip approach, capsulotomy, capsular repair and soft tissue dissections. Mean native resting hip joint force was 110.5 N (SD 54.3 N). Capsular venting resulted in a significant decrease in hip joint force compared with the native state (100.2 N, SD 45.2 N, P = 0.026). A further decrease in hip joint force was observed with a T-capsulotomy (79.9 N, SD 40.1 N, P < 0.001 compared with anterior hip approach), with restoration of these forces after capsular repair (84.8 N, SD 40.5, P = 0.014 versus T-capsulotomy and P = 0.67 versus anterior hip approach). Soft tissue dissection resulted in a large decrease in hip joint force compared with the hip’s native state (59.7 N, SD 28.4 N, P = 0.002). Taken together, the findings suggest that this method is effective in measuring hip joint force and may be more accurate than those requiring significant soft tissue dissection. Furthermore, the data suggest that capsular repair likely plays an important role in the restoration of biomechanical forces in the hip after capsulotomy.
RNA-guided piggyBac transposition in human cells
Authors: Hew Brian E , Sato Ryuei , Mauro Damiano , Stoytchev Ilko , Owens Jesse B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Safer and more efficient methods for directing therapeutic genes to specific sequences could increase the repertoire of treatable conditions. Many current approaches act passively, first initiating a double-stranded break, then relying on host repair to uptake donor DNA. Alternatively, we delivered an actively integrating transposase to the target sequence to initiate gene insertion. We fused the hyperactive piggyBac transposase to the highly specific, catalytically dead SpCas9-HF1 (dCas9) and designed guide RNAs (gRNAs) to the CCR5 safe harbor sequence. We introduced mutations to the native DNA-binding domain of piggyBac to reduce non-specific binding of the transposase and cause the fusion protein to favor binding by dCas9. This strategy enabled us, for the first time, to direct transposition to the genome using RNA. We showed that increasing the number of gRNAs improved targeting efficiency. Interestingly, over half of the recovered insertions were found at a single TTAA hotspot. We also found that the fusion increased the error rate at the genome-transposon junction. We isolated clonal cell lines containing a single insertion at CCR5 and demonstrated long-term expression from this locus. These vectors expand the utility of the piggyBac system for applications in targeted gene addition for biomedical research and gene therapy.
Resonant Doppler effect in systems with variable delay
Authors: Müller-Bender D. , Otto A. , Radons G. 
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate that a time-varying delay in nonlinear systems leads to a rich variety of dynamical behaviour, which cannot be observed in systems with constant delay. We show that the effect of the delay variation is similar to the Doppler effect with self-feedback. We distinguish between the non-resonant and the resonant Doppler effect corresponding to the dichotomy between conservative delays and dissipative delays. The non-resonant Doppler effect leads to a quasi-periodic frequency modulation of the signal, but the qualitative properties of the solution are the same as for constant delays. By contrast, the resonant Doppler effect leads to fundamentally different solutions characterized by low- and high-frequency phases with a clear separation between them. This is equivalent to time-multiplexed dynamics and can be used to design systems with well-defined multistable solutions or temporal switching between different chaotic and periodic dynamics. We systematically study chaotic dynamics in systems with large dissipative delay, which we call generalized laminar chaos. We derive a criterion for the occurrence of different orders of generalized laminar chaos, where the order is related to the dimension of the chaotic attractor. The recently found laminar chaos with constant plateaus in the low-frequency phases is the zeroth-order case with a very low dimension compared to the known high dimension of turbulent chaos in systems with conservative delay.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.
Class-C semiconductor lasers with time-delayed optical feedback
Authors: Lingnau Benjamin , Turnwald Jonas , Lüdge Kathy 
Published: July 2019

We perform a linear stability analysis and numerical bifurcation diagrams of a class-C laser with time-delayed optical feedback. We employ a rate equation system based on the Maxwell–Bloch equations, and study the influence of the dephasing time on the laser dynamics. We find a stabilizing effect of an intermediate dephasing time, i.e. when moving from a class-B to a class-C laser. At long dephasing times, a destabilization of the laser solution occurs by a feedback-induced unlocking of Rabi oscillations at the second laser threshold. We predict an optimum resistance to time-delayed optical feedback for dephasing times close to the photon cavity lifetime.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.
Experimental observations on unsafe zones in milling processes
Authors: Dombovari Zoltan , Iglesias Alex , Molnar Tamas G. , Habib Giuseppe , Munoa Jokin , Kuske Rachel , Stepan Gabor 
Published: July 2019

The unsafe zone in machining is a region of the parameter space where steady-state cutting operations may switch to regenerative chatter for certain perturbations, and vice versa. In the case of milling processes, this phenomenon is related to the existence of an unstable quasi-periodic oscillation, the in-sets of which limit the basin of attraction of the stable periodic motion that corresponds to the chatter-free cutting process. The mathematical model is a system of time-periodic nonlinear delay differential equations. It is studied by means of a nonlinear extension of the semidiscretization method, which enables the estimation of the parameter ranges where the unsafe (also called bistable) zones appear. The theoretical results are checked with thorough experimental work: first, step-by-step parameter variations are adapted to identify hysteresis loops, then harmonic burst excitations are used to estimate the extents of the unsafe zones. The hysteresis loops are accurately distinguished from the dynamic bifurcation phenomenon that is related to the dynamic effect of slowly varying parameters. The experimental results confirm the existence of the bistable parameter regions.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.
Modified Long-Axis In-Plane Ultrasound Technique Versus Conventional Palpation Technique For Radial Arterial Cannulation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Jiebo , Lai Zhongmeng , Weng Xianfeng , Lin Yong , Wu Guohua , Su Jiansheng , Huang Qijian , Zeng Jian , Liu Junle , Zhao Zisong , Yan Ting , Zhang Liangcheng , Zhou Linying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundA low first-pass success rate of radial artery cannulation was obtained when using the conventional palpation technique(C-PT) or ultrasound-guided techniques, we therefore evaluate the effect of a modified long-axis in-plane ultrasound technique (M-LAINUT) in guiding radial artery cannulation in adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial of 288 patients undergoing radial artery cannulation. Patients were randomized 1:1 to M-LAINUT or C-PT group at fujian medical university union hospital between 2017 and 2018. Radial artery cannulation was performed by three anesthesiologists with different experience. The outcome was the first and total radial artery cannulation success rates, the number of attempts and the cannulation time.Results285 patients were statistically analyzed. The success rate of first attempt was 91.6% in the M-LAINUT group (n=143) and 57.7% in the C-PT group (n=142; P<0.001) (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.0-15.7). The total success rate (≤5 min and ≤3 attempts) in the M-LAINUT group was 97.9%, compared to 84.5% in the palpation group (p <0.001) (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-29.2). The total cannulation time was shorter and the number of attempts was fewer in the M-LAINUT group than that in the C-PT group (p <0. 05).ConclusionModified long-axis in-plane ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation can increase the first and total radial artery cannulation success rates, reduce the number of attempts and shorten the total cannulation time in adults.
Bias correction methods for test-negative designs in the presence of misclassification
Authors: Endo Akira , Funk Sebastian , Kucharski Adam J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe test-negative design has become a standard approach for vaccine effectiveness studies. However, previous studies suggested that it may be more sensitive than other designs to misclassification of disease outcome caused by imperfect diagnostic tests. This could be a particular limitation in vaccine effectiveness studies where simple tests (e.g. rapid influenza diagnostic tests) are used for logistical convenience. To address this issue, we derived a mathematical representation of the test-negative design with imperfect tests, then developed a bias correction framework for possible misclassification. Test-negative design studies usually include multiple covariates other than vaccine history to adjust potential confounders; our methods can also address multivariate analyses and be easily coupled with existing estimation tools. We validated the performance of these methods using simulations of common scenarios for vaccine efficacy and were able to obtain unbiased estimates in a variety of parameter settings.
An efficient genome editing strategy to generate putative null mutants inCaenorhabditis elegansusing CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Wang Han , Park Heenam , Liu Jonathan , Sternberg Paul W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNull mutants are essential for analyzing gene function. Here, we describe a simple and efficient method to generateCaenorhabditis elegansnull mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 and short single stranded DNA oligo repair templates to insert a universal 43-nucleotide-long stop knock-in (STOP-IN) cassette into the early exons of target genes. This cassette has stop codons in all three reading frames and leads to frameshifts, which will generate putative null mutations regardless of the reading frame of the insertion position in exons. The STOP-IN cassette also contains an exogenous Cas9 target site that allows further genome editing and provides a unique sequence that simplifies the identification of successful insertion events via PCR. As a proof of concept, we inserted the STOP-IN cassette right at a Cas9 target site inaex-2to generate new putative null alleles by injecting preassembled Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and a short synthetic single stranded DNA repair template containing the STOP-IN cassette and two 35-nucleotide-long homology arms identical to the sequences flanking the Cas9 cut site. We showed that these newaex-2alleles phenocopied an existing loss-of-function allele ofaex-2. We further showed that the newaex-2null alleles could be reverted back to the wild-type sequence by targeting exogenous Cas9 cut site included in the STOP-IN cassette and providing a single stranded wild-type DNA repair oligo. We applied our STOP-IN method to generate new putative null mutants for additional 20 genes, including three pharyngeal muscle-specific genes (clik-1, clik-2, andclik-3), and reported a high insertion rate (46%) based on the animals we screened. We showed that null mutations ofclik-2cause recessive lethality with a severe pumping defect andclik-3null mutants have a mild pumping defect, whileclik-1is dispensable for pumping. We expect that the knock-in method using the STOP-IN cassette will facilitate the generation of new null mutants to understand gene function inC. elegansand other genetic model organisms.SummaryWe report a simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing strategy to generate putative nullC. elegansmutants by inserting a small universal stop knock-in (STOP-IN) cassette with stop codons in three frames and frameshifts. The strategy is cloning-free, with the mixture consisting of preassembled Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and single stranded repair DNA oligos directly injected into gonads of adultC. elegans. The universal STOP-IN cassette also contains a unique sequence that simplifies detection of successful knock-in events via PCR and an exogenous Cas9 target sequence that allows further genome editing.
PI16 is a non-neuronal regulator of neuropathic pain
Authors: Singhmar Pooja , Trinh Ronnie The Phong , Ma Jiacheng , Huo XiaoJiao , Peng Bo , Heijnen Cobi J , Kavelaars Annemieke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic pain is a major clinical problem of which the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we describe the concept that PI16, a protein of unknown function mainly produced by fibroblasts, controls neuropathic pain. The spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain increases PI16 protein levels in fibroblasts in DRG meninges and in the epi/perineurium of the sciatic nerve. We did not detect PI16 expression in neurons or glia in spinal cord, DRG and nerve. Mice deficient in PI16 are protected against neuropathic pain. In vitro, PI16 promotes trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. In vivo, PI16−/− mice show reduced endothelial barrier permeability, lower leukocyte infiltration and reduced activation of the endothelial barrier regulator MLCK and reduced phosphorylation of its substrate MLC2 in response to SNI. In summary, our findings support a model in which PI16 promotes neuropathic pain by mediating a cross talk between fibroblasts and the endothelial barrier leading to barrier opening, cellular influx and increased pain. Its key role in pain and its limited cellular and tissue distribution makes PI16 an attractive target for pain management.Graphical Abstract