bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence points to distinct paternal settlers of the Faroe Islands and Iceland
Authors: Mann Allison E. , Magnussen Eyðfinn , Tillquist Christopher R. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe Faroe Islands are a small archipelago located in the North Atlantic likely colonized by a small group of founders sometime between 50 and 300 CE. Post colonization, the Faroese people have been largely isolated from admixture with mainland and other island populations in the region. As such, the initial founder effect and subsequent genetic drift are likely major contributors to the modern genetic diversity found among the Faroese.MethodsIn this study, we assess the utility of Y-chromosomal microsatellites to detect founder effect in the Faroe Islands through the construction of haplotype networks and a novel empirical method, mutational distance from modal haplotype histograms (MDM), for the visualization and evaluation of population bottlenecks.ResultsWe compared samples from the Faroe Islands and Iceland to possible regional source populations and documented a loss of diversity associated with founder events. Additionally, within-haplogroup diversity statistics reveal lower haplotype diversity and richness within both the Faroe Islands and Iceland, consistent with a small founder population colonizing both regions. However, in the within haplogroup networks, the Faroe Islands are found within the larger set of potential source populations while Iceland is consistently found on isolated branches. Moreover, comparisons of within-haplogroup MDM histograms document a clear founder signal in the Faroes and Iceland, but the strength of this signal is haplogroup-dependent which may be indicative of more recent admixture or other demographic processes.DiscussionThe results of the current study and lack of conformity between Icelandic and Faroese haplotypes implies that the two populations were founded by different paternal gene pools and there is no detectable post-founder admixture between the two groups.
Diagnostic value of 5 miRNAs combined detection for breast cancer
Authors: Jing Yubo , Huang Xinzhu , Wang Yiyang , Wang Junyi , Li Yongxiang , Yelihamu Dlraba , Guo Chenming 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the prevailing malignant tumor, with its prevalence and death rate steadily rising over time. BC often does not show obvious symptoms in its early stages and is difficult to distinguish from benign breast disease. We aimed to find a distinct group of miRNAs utilizing serum as a non-invasive biomarker for early BC diagnosis.MethodsHerein, we mainly include the screening stage, testing stage, and verification stage. In the screening stage, 8 miRNAs associated with BC were selected and analyzed via literature reading, and the expression of the above miRNAs in BC was further verified by bioinformatics and included in the research analysis. In the testing phase, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was deployed to select the five miRNAs with the most significant expression differences in 15 BC patients and 15 benign breast controls to proceed to the next stage. In a subsequent validation phase, the five miRNAs obtained from serum samples from an additional 75 BC patients and 50 benign control patients were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The diagnostic capacity, specificity, and sensitivity of candidate miRNAs were estimated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Finally, the optimal diagnostic combination model with high sensitivity and strong specificity was constructed by using the above 5 miRNAs.ResultsThe BC patients reported a significant decline in mir-10b-5p, mir-133a-3p, mir-195-5p, and mir-155-3p levels in serum levels contrasted with those in benign controls. Additionally, BC patients experienced elevated mir-195-3p levels than in benign controls. We implemented ROC analysis to evaluate its diagnostic capacity for BC. We demonstrated that all five miRNAs had robust diagnostic capability, with an AUC above 0.8. We developed a conclusive diagnostic combination model consisting of these 5 miRNAs in order to enhance the diagnosis accuracy. This model demonstrated a high diagnostic value, as shown by an AUC of 0.948.ConclusionThe serum biomarker panels composed of five miRNAs identified in this study (mir-10b-5p, mir-133a-3p, mir-195-5p, mir-195-3p, and mir-155-3p) provide hope for early, non-invasive, and accurate diagnosis of BC.
Special immune-related adverse events and subsequent photodynamic therapy in tislelizumab treatment for esophageal cancer: a case report
Authors: Li Longzhao , Bian Lingjie , Kou Na , Yuan Yue , Zou Heng 
Published: November 2024

This case report highlights the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that occurred during the treatment of esophageal cancer with Tislelizumab and discusses management strategies, indicating that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be an optimal adjunctive treatment option. Following Tislelizumab therapy, the patient demonstrated significant tumor reduction; however, subsequent irAEs related to immunotherapy emerged, including eyelid muscle weakness and myocardial and skeletal muscle injury. Methylprednisolone successfully alleviated these symptoms, with early intervention being crucial for controlling irAEs. The patient then underwent PDT, which not only further helped manage irAEs but also inhibited tumor progression. This case underscores the specific adverse reactions, such as eyelid ptosis, skeletal muscle, and myocardial damage associated with Tislelizumab, and the importance of early corticosteroid intervention. It also emphasizes the significance of PDT as an adjunctive treatment for controlling tumors and alleviating immune-related adverse reactions.
A hydraulic control system integrating adaptive and PWM algorithms for hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission
Authors: Cui Jingjun 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionWith the development of technology, the hydraulic control system for hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission has also made rapid progress. However, the traditional control system for hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission has drawbacks such as efficiency loss and slow response speed. The study fused the adaptive and pulse width modulation algorithms to solve these problems effectively, and they were applied to the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable drive control system.MethodFirst, the study analyzed the continuously variable transmission control of hydraulic machinery and designed the control scheme on the basis of the analysis. Then, a new scheme fusing adaptive and pulse-width modulation algorithms was proposed on the basis of the control scheme. Finally, simulation experiments and practical tests were carried out to verify the performance of the control scheme.ResultsThe results showed that the time to reach the maximum pressure was 2.15 s when the volume of the pilot valve cavity was 5 × 109/L. When the oil flow rate was 70 L/min, the corresponding maximum and minimum values of the main oil circuit pressure were 1.63 MPa and 0.37 MPa, respectively. The time to reach the maximum value of the pressure was 2.05 s, respectively. These values were in line with the design requirements and were better than the comparison values.DiscussionThese results confirm that the system has important theoretical and practical significance, which has a positive promoting effect on the development of the hydraulic machinery industry. This article aims to provide a new approach for research and application in related fields.
Spleen stiffness measurements during recompensation in patients with acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis: preliminary findings of a pilot study
Authors: Gülcicegi Dilan Elcin , Hannemann Jonathan , Bürger Martin , Allo Gabriel , Dittmann Eva , Martin Anna , Jaspers Natalie , Holzapfel Bianca , Chon Seung-Hun , Lang Sonja , Goeser Tobias , Steffen Hans-Michael , Kasper Philipp 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAcute decompensation (AD) in patients with liver cirrhosis is associated with a dramatic deterioration in prognosis. Immediate initiation of appropriate recompensation measures is essential to improve patient’s outcome, although objective parameters for evaluating the success of recompensation are still lacking. Spleen stiffness measurements (SSM) have emerged as promising non-invasive tool to assess clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), which is the main driver of acute decompensation. However, while SSM accurately predicts CSPH and its complication, currently no data are available on its diagnostic performance during recompensation. This pilot-study aimed at evaluating changes in spleen stiffness following the initiation of recompensation measures in cirrhotic patients hospitalized due to AD.MethodsIn this prospective pilot-study, 60 patients with cirrhosis showing AD were included. Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and SSM were performed on admission and repetitive SSM on day 3 and 5, respectivele, during recompensation measures. A cohort of patients (n = 10) with compensated cirrhosis served as control.ResultsA total of 36 data sets from the originally enrolled 60 patients were eligible for final analysis. On admission, patients with AD revealed a significantly increased spleen stiffness compared to the control group (70.51 vs. 29.06 kPa, p &lt; 0.0001). Following the initiation of recompensation measures SSM revealed a significant reduction in spleen stiffness compared to the baseline assessment on day 3 (−18.5 kPa, −21.53%; p = 0.0002) with no further decrease on day 5 (−17.63 kPa, −21.23%; p = 0.0326).ConclusionRepetitive SSM seems to be a useful non-invasive clinical marker to assess the effectiveness of recompensation measures in cirrhotic patients with AD.
Optimizing microbiome reference databases with PacBio full-length 16S rRNA sequencing for enhanced taxonomic classification and biomarker discovery
Authors: Han Hyejung , Choi Yoon Hee , Kim Si Yeong , Park Jung Hwa , Chung Jin , Na Hee Sam 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe study of the human microbiome is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and guiding preventive measures. Advances in sequencing platforms, particularly 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized microbiome research. Despite the benefits, large microbiome reference databases (DBs) pose challenges, including computational demands and potential inaccuracies. This study aimed to determine if full-length 16S rRNA sequencing data produced by PacBio could be used to optimize reference DBs and be applied to Illumina V3-V4 targeted sequencing data for microbial study.MethodsOral and gut microbiome data (PRJNA1049979) were retrieved from NCBI. DADA2 was applied to full-length 16S rRNA PacBio data to obtain amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). The RDP reference DB was used to assign the ASVs, which were then used as a reference DB to train the classifier. QIIME2 was used for V3-V4 targeted Illumina data analysis. BLAST was used to analyze alignment statistics. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) was employed for discriminant analysis.ResultsASVs produced by PacBio showed coverage of the oral microbiome similar to the Human Oral Microbiome Database. A phylogenetic tree was trimmed at various thresholds to obtain an optimized reference DB. This established method was then applied to gut microbiome data, and the optimized gut microbiome reference DB provided improved taxa classification and biomarker discovery efficiency.ConclusionFull-length 16S rRNA sequencing data produced by PacBio can be used to construct a microbiome reference DB. Utilizing an optimized reference DB can increase the accuracy of microbiome classification and enhance biomarker discovery.
A novel necroptosis-related genes signature to predict prognosis and treatment response in bladder cancer
Authors: Yao Dongnuan , Yu Weitao , Ma Xueming , Tian Junqiang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundNecroptosis, a form of programmed inflammatory cell death, plays a crucial role in tumor development, necrosis, metastasis, and immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of necroptosis in BLCA and construct a new prognostic model to guide clinical treatment and predict individualized treatment response.MethodsThe transcriptome profiling and the corresponding clinical data of BLCA patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and GEO databases. Univariate, multivariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were used to identify and construct prognostic features associated with necroptosis. We constructed and validated a prognostic model associated with the patient’s overall survival (OS). A nomogram was established to predict the survival rates of BLCA patients. Finally, the correlation between risk scores and tumor immune microenvironment, somatic mutations, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy was comprehensively analyzed.ResultsThe study found two distinct NRG clusters and three gene subtypes, with significant differences in pathway enrichment and immune cell infiltration associated with different NRG clusters in the TME. In addition, we screened out six necroptosis prognosis-related genes (including PPP2R3A; CERCAM; PIK3IP1; CNTN1; CES1 and CD96) to construct a risk score prognostic model. Significant differences in overall survival rate, immune cell infiltration status, and somatic mutations existed between the high and low-risk scores in BLCA patients. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis showed that high-risk patients benefited more from immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs.ConclusionThis study explores the importance of necroptosis in the prognosis of patients with BLCA, and the prognostic features associated with necroptosis that we identified can serve as new biomarkers to help develop more precise treatment strategies.
Relationship between oxidative balance score and post-stroke depression: insights from the NHANES 2005–2018 cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Gao Bo , Yan Li-Ming , Xue Yi-Dong , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) represents an integrated measure of oxidative-reductive homeostasis. Despite the established role of oxidative stress in the development of post-stroke depression (PSD), the association between OBS and PSD in the general population remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005–2018.MethodsThe OBS was calculated using validated methods that incorporate dietary and lifestyle factors, whereas PSD status was determined using self-reported data and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate the associations of total OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS with PSD prevalence, adjusting for potential confounders. Dose–response relationships were further assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS).ResultsAmong the 26,668 participants included in the analysis, 201 were diagnosed with PSD. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher total OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS were each significantly associated with reduced odds of PSD. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.67) for total OBS, 0.45 (0.27–0.73) for dietary OBS, and 0.28 (0.13–0.60) for lifestyle OBS. RCS analyses indicated a linear dose–response relationship for all three OBS categories with PSD risk. In sex-stratified analyses, significant inverse associations were observed between all OBS categories and PSD in females, whereas only lifestyle OBS was significantly associated with PSD in males.ConclusionHigher OBS was associated with reduced odds of PSD, with a particularly pronounced effect in females. These findings suggest that adherence to an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle may mitigate PSD risk.
Differential energetic profile of signal processing in central vestibular neurons
Authors: Kunz Lars , Straka Hans 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEnergetic aspects of neuronal activity have become a major focus of interest given the fact that the brain among all organs dominates the oxygen consumption. At variance with the importance of neuroenergetics, the knowledge about how electrical activity and metabolism is correlated in defined neuronal populations is still rather scarce.ResultsWe have estimated the ATP consumption in the two physiologically well characterized populations of frog central vestibular neurons, with tonic and phasic firing patterns, respectively. These two distinct groups of neurons jointly process head/body movements detected by semicircular canal and otolith organs in the inner ear. The ATP consumption for maintenance of the resting membrane potential (Vr) and postsynaptic action potential (AP) generation was calculated based on the wealth of previously reported morpho-physiological features of these two neuronal types. Accordingly, tonic vestibular neurons require less ATP across the physiological activity range for these major processes, than phasic vestibular neurons, despite the considerably higher firing rates of the former subtype. However, since both neuronal subtypes are indispensable for the encoding and processing of the entire head/body motion dynamics, the higher energy demand of phasic neurons represents an obvious and necessary price to pay. Although phasic and tonic neurons form the respective core elements of the frequency-tuned vestibular pathways, both cellular components are cross-linked through feedforward and feedback side loops. The prominent influence of inhibitory tonic neurons in shaping the highly transient firing pattern of phasic neurons is cost-intensive and contributes to energy consumption for electrical activity in addition to the already extensive energy costs of signal processing by the very leaky phasic vestibular neurons.ConclusionDespite the sparse production of action potentials by phasic vestibular neurons, the computation by this neuronal type dominates the ATP expense for processing head/body movements, which might have contributed to the late evolutionary arrival of this central neuronal element, dedicated to the encoding of highly dynamic motion profiles.
Characterizing iconic gesture during narratives in chronic traumatic brain injury recovery
Authors: Urena Katelyn , Stark Brielle C. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionIt is known that co-speech hand gestures increase and supplement speech in individuals with language impairment after brain injury, e.g., post-stroke aphasia. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) provides a unique avenue to evaluate gestures as TBI often presents with both anomia (word-finding impairments) and cognitive impairments, resulting in a cognitive-communicative disorder. However, there is a great need for evaluation of gestures in TBI during typical spontaneous speech and across the recovery trajectory (from sub-acute to chronic stages). In a large population (N = 54) of persons with moderate-severe TBI, who were examined at 3 months post-TBI whilst telling a procedural narrative (“how to make a sandwich”), we examined three aims: (1) characterize the extent to which adults with moderate-severe TBI produce iconic gestures; (2) identify the extent to which language impairment relates to iconic gesturing in TBI; and (3) characterize the extent to which iconic gesturing changes across TBI recovery.MethodsIn a subpopulation (Group 1, N = 14) who were examined at three- and 24-months (sub-acute and substantially chronic), and in a smaller subpopulation (Group 2, N = 6) who had data for five timepoints (three-, six-, nine-, 12-, and 24-months), we used paired tests to examine and characterize longitudinal changes in iconic gesturing.ResultsThe large group analysis suggested that individuals with TBI use iconic gesture during narrative, which take several different iconic forms (e.g., enacting use of an object), and that a minority employed gestures that supplemented (added to, disambiguated, or replaced) speech. The subpopulation analyses suggested that participants did not produce iconic gestures significantly differently across the 2-year recovery timeframe. Case examination of a participant with moderate-severe aphasia suggested a relationship between language impairment and gesture, with this individual producing the highest proportion of supplemental gesturing of the entire group. This finding aligns with research from the post-stroke aphasia field.DiscussionBroadly, this study significantly extends prior research on the relationship between gesturing, language, and brain injury.
The effectiveness of Tai Chi for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta−analysis
Authors: Shao Xinxin , Xi Yawei , Pan Lijie , Li Xinru , Lin Qianxin , Tian Keming , Wang Rui , Gao Yutong , Gao Hainan , Tan Zili , Zhu Xiangyu 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsAccording to the PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature on the efficacy of Tai Chi on MCI patients was searched in China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Embase, Duxiu Database, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2024. The risk of bias in each study was appraised using the Cochrane risk−of−bias tool using Revman 5.4. Random effect model or fixed effect model was used to compare the effects of Tai Chi and control conditions on baseline and post−intervention assessment of cognitive function. Meta−analysis was performed using Stata15.0 software.ResultsNine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Tai Chi significantly improved Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, SMD, 1.43, p &lt; 0.00001), Delayed Recall Test (DRT, SMD, 0.90, p &lt; 0.00001), verbal fluency test (VFT, SMD, 0.40, p &lt; 0.00001), and Trail Making Test (TMT, SDM, −0.69, p &lt; 0.00001) in MCI patients. Subgroup analyses showed that 24-forms Tai Chi was more effective than 8-forms Tai Chi in improving MoCA (SMD, 1.89, p &lt; 0.00001) and 10-forms Tai Chi was more effective than 24-forms Tai Chi in improving DRT (SMD, 1.53, p &lt; 0.00001).ConclusionTai Chi improved cognitive function in MCI patients, and Tai Chi types might be the influence factor on Tai Chi improving the global cognitive function and memory function in MCI patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.