bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Agricultural Technologies on Poverty and Vulnerability of Smallholders in Ethiopia: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Biru Wubneshe Dessalegn , Zeller Manfred , Loos Tim K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany studies evaluating the impact of adoption on welfare focused on adoption of a single technology giving little attention on the complementarity/substitutability among agricultural technologies. Yet, smallholders commonly adopt several complementary technologies at a time and their adoption decision is best characterized by multivariate models. This paper, therefore, examines the impact of multiple complementary technologies adoption on consumption, poverty and vulnerability of smallholders in Ethiopia. The study used a balanced panel data obtained from a survey of 390 farm households collected in 2012, 2014 and 2016. A two stage multinomial endogenous switching regression model combined with the Mundlak approach and balanced panel data is employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity for the adoption decision and differences in household and farm characteristics. An ordered probit model is used to analyze the impact on poverty and vulnerability. We find that the adoption of improved technologies increases consumption expenditure significantly and the greatest impact is attained when farmers combine multiple complementary technologies. Similarly, the likelihood of households to remain poor or vulnerable decreased with the adoption of different complementary technologies. We therefore conclude that the adoption of multiple complementary technologies has substantial dynamic benefits that improve the welfare of smallholders in the study area, and given the observed low level of adoption rates, we suggest that much more intervention is warranted, with a special focus on poorer and vulnerable households, to ensure smallholders get support to improve their input use.
Depressive symptoms at age 9–13 and chronic disabling fatigue at age 16: A longitudinal study
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Norris Tom , Joinson Carol , Loades Maria E. , Lewis Glyn , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Crawley Esther 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe investigated whether depressive symptoms at ages 9–13 years were associated with chronic disabling fatigue (CDF) at age 16 among children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort.MethodsDepressive symptoms at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years were defined as a child‐ or parent‐completed Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) score ≥11 (range 0–26). SMFQ score was also analysed as a continuous exposure. Chronic disabling fatigue at 16 was defined as fatigue of ≥6 months' but <5 years’ duration which prevented school attendance or activities, for which other causes were not identified, and with a Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire score ≥19. Logistic regression was used with multiple imputation to correct for missing data bias. We performed sensitivity analyses in which children who had CDF and depressive symptoms at age 16 were reclassified as not having CDF.ResultsIn fully adjusted models using imputed data (N = 13,978), depressive symptoms at ages 9, 11, and 13 years were associated with 2‐ to 3‐fold higher odds of CDF at age 16. Each one‐point increase in SMFQ score at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years was associated with 6–11% higher odds of CDF at age 16. Depressive symptoms and continuous SMFQ scores at each age were not associated with CDF if the outcome was reclassified to exclude children with comorbid depressive symptoms at age 16.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms at ages 9–13 were associated with chronic disabling fatigue at age 16, but causality is not certain.
A cognitive stress test for prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Multiethnic generalizability
Authors: Curiel Cid Rosie E. , Loewenstein David A. , Rosselli Monica , Matias‐Guiu Jordi A. , Piña Daema , Adjouadi Malek , Cabrerizo Mercedes , Bauer Russell M. , Chan Aldrich , DeKosky Steven T. , Golde Todd , Greig‐Custo Maria T. , Lizarraga Gabriel , Peñate Ailyn , Duara Ranjan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCulturally fair cognitive assessments sensitive to detecting changes associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease are needed.MethodsPerformance of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic older adults on the Loewenstein‐Acevedo Scale of Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI‐L) was examined in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or normal cognition. The association between a novel cognitive marker, the failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI), and cortical thinning was explored.ResultsEnglish‐speaking aMCI participants scored lower than cognitively normal participants on all LASSI‐L indices, while Spanish‐speaking aMCI participants scored lower in learning, frPSI, and delayed recall. Healthy controls obtained equivalent scores on all indices except retroactive semantic interference. English‐speaking and Spanish‐speaking aMCI participants had equivalent scores except English speaker's greater vulnerability to frPSI. Across aMCI groups, frPSI was associated with cortical thinning of the entorhinal cortex and precuneus (r = −0.45 to r = 0.52; P < .005).DiscussionIn diverse populations, LASSI‐L performance differentiated patients with aMCI from cognitively normal older adults and was associated with thinning in Alzheimer's disease–prone regions, suggesting its clinical utility.
Basic Disaster Preparedness of Rural Community Pharmacies in 5 States
Authors: Henkel Paul J. , Marvanova Marketa 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the basic preparedness of rural community pharmacies to continue operations during and immediately following a disaster.Methods:In 2014, we conducted a telephone survey (N = 990) of community pharmacies in 3 rural areas: North Dakota/South Dakota, West Virginia, Southern Oregon/Northern California regarding whether they had a formal disaster/continuity plan, offsite data backup, emergency power generation, and/or had a certified pharmacy immunizer on staff. Logistic regression and chi square were performed using Stata 11.1.Findings:Community pharmacies in rural areas (≤50.0 persons/mile2) were less likely to have emergency power (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-1.07) or certified pharmacy immunizer on staff (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34-0.64). Pharmacies in lower income areas were less likely to have emergency power and offsite data backup or a formal disaster plan (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.99) compared with pharmacies in higher income areas. Community pharmacies in areas of higher percent elderly population were less likely to have emergency power (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.73), or certified pharmacy immunizer on staff (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.91) compared with chain pharmacies in areas with lower percent elderly population.Conclusions:Being in a rural, low-income, or high-elderly area was associated with lower likelihood of basic preparedness of community pharmacies.
MWA tied-array processing I: Calibration and beamformation
Authors: Ord S. M. , Tremblay S. E. , McSweeney S. J. , Bhat N. D. R. , Sobey C. , Mitchell D. A. , Hancock P. J. , Kirsten F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Murchison Widefield Array is a low-frequency Square Kilometre Array precursor located at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. Primarily designed as an imaging telescope, but with a flexible signal path, the capabilities of this telescope have recently been extended to include off-line incoherent and tied-array beam formation using recorded antenna voltages. This has provided the capability for high-time and frequency resolution observations, including a pulsar science program. This paper describes the algorithms and pipeline that we have developed to form the tied-array beam products from the summation of calibrated signals of the antenna elements, and presents example polarimetric profiles for PSRs J0437-4715 and J1900-2600 at 185 MHz.
Violence as a Tactic of Social Protest in Postcolonial India
Authors: Plys Kristin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn March 1974, trade union leader and Chairman of the Socialist Party of India, George Fernandes, formed a new independent trade union of railway workers and then led a massive nation-wide strike lasting about a month. Two years later—March 1976—Fernandes was arrested as the principal accused in the Baroda Dynamite Conspiracy Case, a plot to bomb strategic targets in New Delhi in resistance to Indira Gandhi’s authoritarian rule. How did George Fernandes’ political work change over these two years—from engaging in traditional trade union movement tactics during the Railway Workers’ Strike in 1974 to being the ringleader of a plan to bomb strategic targets in resistance to the postcolonial state? Why would an activist who advocated non-violent social movement tactics change strategies and end up leading a movement that primarily uses violent tactics? I argue that in its violent repression of the Railway Workers’ Strike and its illegal imprisonment of the strike’s leaders, Indira Gandhi’s administration demonstrated to Fernandes and other opposition party leaders that there was no room for a peaceful solution to the ever increasing social conflict of early 1970s India. Therefore, when Gandhi instated herself as dictator, longstanding advocates ofsatyagrahabelieved that symbolic violence against the state was the tactic most likely to lead to the restoration of democracy in India.
Cultural Technologies: The long and unexpected life of the Christian mission encounter, North China, 1900–30
Authors: WEI-TSING INOUYE MELISSA 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article uses the case of the London Missionary Society (LMS) in China to argue that disruptive cultural technologies—namely organizational forms and tools—were just as significant within Christian mission encounters as religious doctrines or material technologies. LMS missionaries did not convert as many Chinese to Christianity as they hoped, but their auxiliary efforts were more successful. The LMS mission project facilitated the transfer of certain cultural technologies such as church councils to administer local congregations or phonetic scripts to facilitate literacy. Once in the hands of native Christians and non-Christians alike, these cultural technologies could be freely adapted for a variety of purposes and ends that often diverged from the missionaries’ original intent and expectation. This article draws on the letters and reports of missionaries of the London Missionary Society in North China from roughly 1900 to 1930—the period during which self-governing Protestant congregations took root in China and many places around the world. The spread of church government structures and a culture of Bible-reading enabled Chinese within the mission sphere to create new forms of collective life. These new forms of community not only tied into local networks, but also connected to transnational flows of information, finances, and personnel. Native Christian communities embraced new, alternative sources of community authority—the power of God working through a group of ordinary people or through the biblical text—that proved both attractive and disruptive.
Doing ‘Social Practice’: Political Strategies of Truth Generation for the Friendly Neighbourhood Theatre Historian
Authors: SENGUPTA PROMONA 
Published: August 2019

To articulate what is past does not mean to recognize ‘how it really was.’ It means to take control of a memory, as it flashes in a moment of danger.The last two years have seen some significant anniversaries being celebrated – one hundred years of the Bolshevik Revolution, fifty years since May 1968, two hundred years since the birth of Karl Marx and, most recently, the birth centenary of Rosa Luxemburg. As a student activist more or less masquerading as an amateur theatre historian, I have never felt more in need of the tools of my so-called trade than during these interesting times when I found myself assiduously attending conferences, memorials, re-enactments and commemorative performances earmarking moments of radical histories. David Wiles's article, charting the contours – often clear and sometimes obscure – of the field of theatre history as it stands at the moment brings into relief some of the questions that have been running in the background of the heady extended solidarity party that has been my engagement with the field in recent times, resonating with his conclusion of history-writing as ‘practice, not product’. I will attempt to glean from Wiles's reflections some points that I feel may be important for scholars for whom history writing is most certainly a ‘social practice’, if not also a deeply political act.
Indirect effects of the early childhood Family Check-Up on adolescent suicide risk: The mediating role of inhibitory control
Authors: Connell Arin M. , Shaw Daniel , Wilson Melvin , Danzo Sarah , Weaver-Krug Chelsea , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Dishion Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates suicide risk in late childhood and early adolescence in relation to a family-centered intervention, the Family Check-Up, for problem behavior delivered in early childhood. At age 2, 731 low-income families receiving nutritional services from Women, Infants, and Children programs were randomized to the Family Check-Up intervention or to a control group. Trend-level main effects were observed on endorsement of suicide risk by parents or teachers from ages 7.5 to 14, with higher rates of suicide risk endorsement in youth in the control versus intervention condition. A significant indirect effect of intervention was also observed, with treatment-related improvements in inhibitory control across childhood predicting reductions in suicide-related risk both at age 10.5, assessed via diagnostic interviews with parents and youth, and at age 14, assessed via parent and teacher reports. Results add to the emerging body of work demonstrating long-term reductions in suicide risk related to family-focused preventive interventions, and highlight improvements in youth self-regulatory skills as an important mechanism of such reductions in risk.
THE LARGE STRUCTURES OF GROTHENDIECK FOUNDED ON FINITE-ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: MCLARTY COLIN 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe large-structure tools of cohomology including toposes and derived categories stay close to arithmetic in practice, yet published foundations for them go beyond ZFC in logical strength. We reduce the gap by founding all the theorems of Grothendieck’s SGA, plus derived categories, at the level of Finite-Order Arithmetic, far below ZFC. This is the weakest possible foundation for the large-structure tools because one elementary topos of sets with infinity is already this strong.
The Groundwater Recovery Paradox in South India
Authors: Hora Tejasvi , Srinivasan Veena , Basu Nandita B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReported groundwater recovery in South India has been attributed to both increasing rainfall and political interventions. Findings of increasing groundwater levels, however, are at odds with reports of well failure and decreases in the land area irrigated from shallow wells. We argue that recently reported results are skewed by the problem of survivor bias, with dry or defunct wells being systematically excluded from trend analyses due to missing data. We hypothesize that these dry wells carry critical information about groundwater stress that is missed when data are filtered. Indeed, we find strong correlations between missing well data and metrics related to climate stress and groundwater development, indicative of a systemic bias. Using two alternative metrics, which take into account information from dry and defunct wells, our results demonstrate increasing groundwater stress in South India. Our refined approach for identifying groundwater depletion hot spots is critical for policy interventions and resource allocation.
Large‐Scale Fresh and Salt Water Exchanges in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Trott Corinne B. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Murty V. S. N. , Shriver Jay F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUpper‐ocean dynamics in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) depend on changes in the magnitude and location of the high salinity waters of the Arabian Sea and low salinity waters of the Bay of Bengal. The large sea surface salinity (SSS) differences between these two basins are related to the surface freshwater flux (evaporation minus precipitation), which is positive (negative) in the Arabian Sea (Bay of Bengal). To quantify large‐scale salinity changes on decadal time scale over the whole water column and to study trends in salinity and volume transport, we have analyzed Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis product, HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting's ERA‐Interim reanalysis product, and riverine streamflow data from the National Centers for Atmospheric Research's Global River Flow and Continental Discharge Dataset for the NIO. We find increased freshening conditions in the Bay of Bengal and salinification conditions in the Arabian Sea that would support a stronger zonal SSS difference in the NIO but that it is partially compensated by positive (negative) salt transports into the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Arabian Sea). Empirical orthogonal function analysis of SODA SSS indicates that the main factors of SSS variability are Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and seasonal currents. The trends in the volume transport reveal decadal changes in zonal equatorial currents in HYCOM and Somali Current in SODA.
Long-term intake of miso soup decreases nighttime blood pressure in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension
Authors: Kondo Hiroaki , Sakuyama Tomari Hiroe , Yamakawa Shoko , Kitagawa Manabu , Yamada Minami , Itou Seiki , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Uehara Yoshio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of Marukome Nenrin miso, which has natriuretic effects, and Marukome MK-34-1 miso, which has potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effects, on blood pressure (BP) in humans. A total of 40 subjects aged 40–69 years with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) the miso group (32 g 2:1 w/w Nenrin and MK-34-1 with 3.8 g salt/day) or 2) the control soy food group (14.4 g soy food with 0.2 g salt/day). The levels of major nutrients were equal in the miso and control food servings, except for the fiber and Na levels, which were higher in the miso food serving. Daytime and nighttime BP were measured with an automated BP monitor. Compared with the soy food intake, miso intake for 8 weeks did not affect daytime clinical BP but significantly decreased nighttime BP without affecting pulse rate (PR). Moreover, miso shifted the nighttime BP profile to lower levels than those at baseline. Soy food intake did not change the nighttime BP profile after 8 weeks. Miso intake also tended to reduce nighttime BP in a subgroup with stage 1 hypertension compared with the results of the soy food group participants and shifted the nighttime BP profile toward lower levels than those recorded at baseline. Miso intake did not influence lipid or glucose metabolism. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that miso reduces nighttime BP in humans. Miso may do so by shrinking the fluid spaces in the body and/or deactivating the adrenergic nervous system.
Pluripotency reprogramming by competent and incompetent POU factors uncovers temporal dependency for Oct4 and Sox2
Authors: Malik Vikas , Glaser Laura V. , Zimmer Dennis , Velychko Sergiy , Weng Mingxi , Holzner Markus , Arend Marius , Chen Yanpu , Srivastava Yogesh , Veerapandian Veeramohan , Shah Zahir , Esteban Miguel A. , Wang Huating , Chen Jiekai , Schöler Hans R. , Hutchins Andrew P. , Meijsing Sebastiaan H. , Pott Sebastian , Jauch Ralf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOct4, along with Sox2 and Klf4 (SK), can induce pluripotency but structurally similar factors like Oct6 cannot. To decode why Oct4 has this unique ability, we compare Oct4-binding, accessibility patterns and transcriptional waves with Oct6 and an Oct4 mutant defective in the dimerization with Sox2 (Oct4defSox2). We find that initial silencing of the somatic program proceeds indistinguishably with or without Oct4. Oct6 mitigates the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and derails reprogramming. These effects are a consequence of differences in genome-wide binding, as the early binding profile of Oct4defSox2 resembles Oct4, whilst Oct6 does not bind pluripotency enhancers. Nevertheless, in the Oct6-SK condition many otherwise Oct4-bound locations become accessible but chromatin opening is compromised when Oct4defSox2 occupies these sites. We find that Sox2 predominantly facilitates chromatin opening, whilst Oct4 serves an accessory role. Formation of Oct4/Sox2 heterodimers is essential for pluripotency establishment; however, reliance on Oct4/Sox2 heterodimers declines during pluripotency maintenance.
Selective inactivation of hypomethylating agents by SAMHD1 provides a rationale for therapeutic stratification in AML
Authors: Oellerich Thomas , Schneider Constanze , Thomas Dominique , Knecht Kirsten M. , Buzovetsky Olga , Kaderali Lars , Schliemann Christoph , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Angenendt Linus , Hartmann Wolfgang , Wardelmann Eva , Rothenburger Tamara , Mohr Sebastian , Scheich Sebastian , Comoglio Federico , Wilke Anne , Ströbel Philipp , Serve Hubert , Michaelis Martin , Ferreirós Nerea , Geisslinger Gerd , Xiong Yong , Keppler Oliver T. , Cinatl Jindrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypomethylating agents decitabine and azacytidine are regarded as interchangeable in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood, and predictive biomarkers for HMA efficacy are lacking. Here, we show that the bioactive metabolite decitabine triphosphate, but not azacytidine triphosphate, functions as activator and substrate of the triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 and is subject to SAMHD1-mediated inactivation. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow specimens from AML patients at diagnosis revealed that SAMHD1 expression in leukemic cells inversely correlates with clinical response to decitabine, but not to azacytidine. SAMHD1 ablation increases the antileukemic activity of decitabine in AML cell lines, primary leukemic blasts, and xenograft models. AML cells acquire resistance to decitabine partly by SAMHD1 up-regulation. Together, our data suggest that SAMHD1 is a biomarker for the stratified use of hypomethylating agents in AML patients and a potential target for the treatment of decitabine-resistant leukemia.