bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Anion Transport Selectivity and Mechanism of Tren‐based Tris‐(thio)ureas
Authors: Jowett Laura A. , Howe Ethan N. W. , Wu Xin , Busschaert Nathalie , Gale Philip A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe anion transport properties of a series of previously reported tren‐based anionophores have been revisited using new assays designed to measure anion uniport. This study provides new insights into the transport mechanism and selectivity of this important class of transporters. Specifically, we report the chloride and nitrate transport selectivity of these systems and quantify sulfate transport to determine EC50 values for sulfate transport for the first time. Two new assays were developed to study bicarbonate transport allowing accurate quantification of chloride/bicarbonate exchange.
Organotin Selenide Clusters and Hybrid Capsules
Authors: Hanau Katharina , Rinn Niklas , Argentari Mario , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral compounds with unique structural motifs that have already been known from organotin sulfide chemistry, but remained unprecedented in organotin selenide chemistry so far, have been synthesized. The reaction of [(R1Sn)4Se6] (R1=CMe2CH2C(O)Me) with N2H4⋅H2O/(SiMe3)2Se and PhN2H3/(SiMe3)2Se led to the formation of [{(R2Sn)2SnSe4}2(μ‐Se)2] (1; R2=CMe2CH2C(Me)NNH2) and [{(R3Sn)2SnSe4}2(μ‐Se)2] (2; R3=CMe2CH2C(Me)NNPhH)). The addition of ortho‐phthalaldehyde to [(R2Sn)4Se6] yielded a cluster with intramolecular bridging of the organic groups, namely, [(R4Sn2)2Se6] (3; R4=(CMe2CH2C(Me)NNCH)2C6H4). The introduction of organic ligands with longer chains finally allowed the isolation of inorganic–organic capsules of the type [(μ‐R)3(Sn3Se4)2]X2, with R=(CMe2CH2C(Me)NNHC(O))2(CH2)4 and X=[SnC3], Cl (4 a, b) or R=CMe2CH2C(Me)NNH)2 and X=[SnCl3] (5). The capsules enclose solvent molecules and/or anions as guests. All compounds were characterized by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
ESIPT‐Modulated Emission of Lanthanide Complexes: Different Energy‐Transfer Pathways and Multiple Responses
Authors: Sun Si‐Si , Wang Zheng , Wu Xiang Wen , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Li Chao‐Jie , Yin Shao‐Yun , Chen Ling , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo series of isostructural lanthanide coordination complexes, namely, LIFM‐42(Ln) (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, in which LIFM stands for the Lehn Institute of Functional Materials) and LIFM‐43(Ln) (Ln=Er, Yb), were synthesized through the self‐assembly of an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligand, 5‐[2‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,5‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl]isophthalic acid (H2hpi2cf), with different lanthanide ions. In the coordination structures linked by the ligands and oxo‐bridged LnIII2 clusters (for LIFM‐42(Ln) series) or isolated LnIII ions (for LIFM‐43(Ln) series), the ESIPT ligand can serve as both the host and antenna for protecting and sensitizing the photoluminescence (PL) of LnIII ions. Meanwhile, the −OH⋅⋅⋅N active sites on the ligands are vacant, which provides availability to systematically explore the PL behavior of Ln complexes with ESIPT interference. Based on the accepting levels of different lanthanide ions, energy transfer can occur from the T1(K*) or T1(E*) (K*=excited keto form, E*=excited enol form) excited states of the ligand. Furthermore, the sensitized lanthanide luminescence in both visible and near‐infrared regions, as well as the remaining K* emission of the ligand, can be modulated by the ESIPT responsiveness to different solvents, anions, and temperature.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, part II: Recent changes in prostate cancer trends and disease characteristics
Authors: Negoita Serban , Feuer Eric J. , Mariotto Angela , Cronin Kathleen A. , Petkov Valentina I. , Hussey Sarah K. , Benard Vicki , Henley S. Jane , Anderson Robert N. , Fedewa Stacey , Sherman Recinda L. , Kohler Betsy A. , Dearmon Barbara J. , Lake Andrew J. , Ma Jiemin , Richardson Lisa C. , Jemal Ahmedin , Penberthy Lynne 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDTemporal trends in prostate cancer incidence and death rates have been attributed to changing patterns of screening and improved treatment (mortality only), among other factors. This study evaluated contemporary national‐level trends and their relations with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing prevalence and explored trends in incidence according to disease characteristics with stage‐specific, delay‐adjusted rates.METHODSJoinpoint regression was used to examine changes in delay‐adjusted prostate cancer incidence rates from population‐based US cancer registries from 2000 to 2014 by age categories, race, and disease characteristics, including stage, PSA, Gleason score, and clinical extension. In addition, the analysis included trends for prostate cancer mortality between 1975 and 2015 by race and the estimation of PSA testing prevalence between 1987 and 2005. The annual percent change was calculated for periods defined by significant trend change points.RESULTSFor all age groups, overall prostate cancer incidence rates declined approximately 6.5% per year from 2007. However, the incidence of distant‐stage disease increased from 2010 to 2014. The incidence of disease according to higher PSA levels or Gleason scores at diagnosis did not increase. After years of significant decline (from 1993 to 2013), the overall prostate cancer mortality trend stabilized from 2013 to 2015.CONCLUSIONSAfter a decline in PSA test usage, there has been an increased burden of late‐stage disease, and the decline in prostate cancer mortality has leveled off. Cancer 2018;124:2801‐2814. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Design and Fabrication of Printed Paper‐Based Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor by using Graphene and Redox‐Active Electrolyte
Authors: Nagar Bhawna , Dubal Deepak P. , Pires Luis , Merkoçi Arben , Gómez‐Romero Pedro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInspired by future needs of flexible, simple, and low‐cost energy storage devices, smart graphene‐based micro‐supercapacitors on conventional Xerox paper substrates were developed. The use of redox‐active species (iodine redox couple) was explored to further improve the paper device's performance. The device based on printed graphene paper itself already had a remarkable maximum volumetric capacitance of 29.6 mF cm−3 (volume of whole device) at 6.5 mA cm−3. The performance of the hybrid electrode with redox‐active potassium iodide at the graphene surface was tested. Remarkably, the hybrid device showed improved volumetric capacitance of 130 mF cm−3. The maximum energy density for a graphene+KI device in H2SO4 electrolyte was estimated to be 0.026 mWh cm−3. Thus, this work offers a new simple, and lightweight micro‐supercapacitor based on low‐cost printed graphene paper, which will have great applications in portable electronics.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Cobalt Iron Alloy Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets/Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Feng , Yang Haidong , Li Jing , Ma Ping , Zhu Yan , Ma Jiantai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is a vital need to explore highly efficient and stable non‐precious‐metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to reduce the overpotential and further improve the energy‐conversion efficiency. Herein, we report a unique and cost‐effective lyophilization and thermal treatment two‐step procedure to synthesize a high‐performance hybrid consisting of CoFe alloy nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanosheets interspersed with carbon nanotubes (CoFe‐N‐CN/CNTs) hybrid. The lyophilization step during the catalyst preparation leads to a uniform dispersion of carbon‐like precursors and avoids the agglomeration of metal particles. In addition, the inserted CNTs and doped N in this hybrid provide a good electrical conductivity, an abundance of chemically active sites, good mass transport capability, and effective gas adsorption/release channels. All these lead to a high specific surface area of 240.67 m2 g−1, favorable stability, and remarkable OER activities with an overpotential of only 285 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 51.09 mV dec−1 in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte, which is even superior to commercial IrO2 catalysts. The CoFe‐N‐CN/CNTs hybrid thus exhibits great potential as a highly efficient and earth‐abundant anode OER electrocatalyst.
An FPGA‐based pipeline for micropolarizer array imaging
Authors: Lapray Pierre‐Jean , Gendre Luc , Foulonneau Alban , Bigué Laurent 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe enhancement of current camera performances, in terms of framerate, image resolution, and pixel width, has direct consequences on the amount of resources needed to process video data. Stokes imaging permits to estimate polarization of light and create multiple polarization descriptors of the scene. Therefore, such video cameras need fast processing for critical applications like overseeing, defect detection or surface characterization. A field‐programmable gate array hardware implementation of Stokes processing is presented here that embeds dedicated pipeline for micropolarizer array sensors. An optimized fixed‐point pipeline is used to compute polarimetric images, ie, Stokes vector, degree of polarization, and angle of polarization. Simulation and experimental studies are done. The hardware design contains parallel processing, low latency, and low power and could meet actual real‐time and embeddable requirements for smart camera systems.
One‐cycle controlled quadratic buck converter
Authors: Wang Tao , Li JiKun , He Xiang 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe quadratic DC‐DC converter can broaden the voltage conversion ratio, which meets the requirements of wide input voltage. However, large‐scale variation of input voltage puts forward harsh requirements on ability to resist input disturbance of control strategy. Quadratic buck converter (QBC) is pulsed nonlinear dynamic systems, so the one‐cycle control strategy based on robustness principle may provide better rejection of power source than the linear feedback control. But the traditional one‐cycle controlled QBC (TOCCQBC) suffers from poor ability against load disturbance and steady‐state error. To overcome aforementioned shortages, an improved OCCQBC is proposed by adding inductor current to diode voltage as integral variable and introducing feedback of output voltage. The paper first introduces the working principle of the QBC, and second, the OCCQBC is presented. Then, a mathematical model using small signal analysis of the OCCQBC is established, and an experimental prototype with a power of 6 W is set up. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the strategy.
A 1‐Gbps reference‐less burst‐mode CDR with embedded TDC in a 65‐nm CMOS process
Authors: Wang Yuan , Jiang Mengying , Liu Baoguang , Jia Song , Zhang Xing 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA reference‐less all‐digital burst‐mode clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) is proposed in the paper. The burst‐mode CDR includes a coarse and a fine time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) with embedded phase generator. A low‐power current‐starved inverter is employed as the delay unit of the fine TDC to acquire the high measurement resolution. A calibration method to diminish the inherent delay is used to reduce the quantization error of the recovery clock. The proposed CDR is fabricated in a 65‐nm CMOS process. Experiment results show that the CDR operates from 0.9 to 1.1 Gbps and have a 13‐bit consecutive identical digits (CIDs) tolerance.
Prenatal predatory stress in a wild species of subterranean rodent: Do ecological stressors always have a negative effect on the offspring?
Authors: Brachetta Valentina , Schleich Cristian E. , Cutrera Ana P. , Merlo Julieta L. , Kittlein Marcelo J. , Zenuto Roxana R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn pregnant females, a failed predatory event not only induces individual responses but also represents a significant change in the developmental environment of the offspring, which may lead to modifications in their phenotype that may persist at different stages of life. We evaluate whether prenatal exposure to predatory cues affects anxiety behavior, behavioral response to predator cues, stress response to immobilization, and immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in juveniles of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum. We found that prenatal predator stress (PPS) (1) increased juvenile anxiety‐like behaviors and the appearance of antipredator behaviors, (2) did not affect the response of offspring to predatory stressors, and (3) did not influence the physiological response of juveniles to stressors (immobilization) nor the immunological responses to SRBC and PHA challenges. This work shows the influence of PPS on the development of behavioral responses in the offspring, whom displayed a state of anxiety and behavioral changes associated with decreased locomotor activity and avoidance behaviors. Thus, these individuals prenatally exposed to predatory cues show behavioral adaptations that may contribute to avoid predators in the adult life.
Enantiomeric resolution of methylamphetamine and ephedrine: Does this affect the δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H stable isotope ratios of the product?
Authors: Grzechnik Alexandra K. , George Adrian V. , Mitchell Linda , Collins Michael , Salouros Helen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) as a profiling tool for methylamphetamine has evolved over the last decade. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and hydrogen (δ2H) of methylamphetamine are useful in determining the precursor used to manufacture methylamphetamine, and in many cases the synthetic origin of the methylamphetamine precursor. More recently, samples of seized methylamphetamine show that a resolution step is being employed in the manufacturing process. We sought to determine whether the δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H values were affected by either a resolution performed on racemic methylamphetamine or a resolution on racemic ephedrine, a commonly used precursor to methylamphetamine. We found that for the types of resolution studied, IRMS is still able to provide useful information on the provenance of a methylamphetamine sample.
The bone marrow is not only a primary lymphoid organ: The critical role for T lymphocyte migration and housing of long‐term memory plasma cells
Authors: Pabst Reinhard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn immunology and anatomy textbooks the bone marrow is described as a typical “primary lymphoid organ” producing lymphoid cells independent of antigens. The hematopoietic bone marrow is largely age‐dependent organ with great anatomical and functional differences among various species. There are estimates that about 12% of all lymphoid cells in the human body are found in the bone marrow at any given time (2% in the peripheral blood). Enormous numbers of T lymphocytes migrate to the bone marrow and partly return later to the blood. Many of these lymphocytes are memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. A few days after immunization a wave of plasma cells and their precursors migrate to the bone marrow where they lose their migratory response to CXCL‐12 and CXCL9. There is a relative enrichment of CD19+ B cells in the bone marrow outnumbering those in the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. This is not due to local production. The proliferation and migration kinetics of these lymphoid cells in the bone marrow have to be studied in more detail as this is of major clinical relevance.
Illness as a Crisis of Meaning
Authors: Hauskeller Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn Phenomenological Bioethics: Medical Technologies, Human Suffering, and the Meaning of Being Alive, the Swedish philosopher Fredrik Svenaeus aims to show how the continental tradition of phenomenology can enrich bioethical debates by adding important but often‐ignored perspectives, namely, that of lived experience. Phenomenology focuses not on supposedly objective, scientifically validated facts, but on the “life world” of the individuals affected by a situation. Individuals' life worlds consist of their experience of their own lived bodies (or Leiber) and the meaning structures of their everyday worlds. A phenomenologically informed and oriented bioethics would seek to take those life worlds into account when considering what should be done in a particular ethically challenging situation.Svenaeus reminds us that there is generally more to an illness than just a malfunction of the body that can be causally explained and treated accordingly. The fundamental insight that Svenaeus develops in his new book is that our illnesses are often, if not always, crises of meaning.
Accuracy of visual inspection performed by community health workers in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Driscoll Susan D. , Tappen Ruth M. , Newman David , Voege‐Harvey Kathi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer and mortality in low‐resource areas with healthcare personnel shortages. Visual inspection is a low‐resource alternative method of cervical cancer screening in areas with limited access to healthcare.ObjectivesTo assess accuracy of visual inspection performed by community health workers (CHWs) and licensed providers, and the effect of provider training on visual inspection accuracy.Search strategyFive databases and four websites were queried for studies published in English up to December 31, 2015. Derivations of “cervical cancer screening” and “visual inspection” were search terms.Selection criteriaVisual inspection screening studies with provider definitions, colposcopy reference standards, and accuracy data were included.Data collection and analysisA priori variables were extracted by two independent reviewers. Bivariate linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare visual inspection accuracy.Main resultsProvider type was a significant predictor of visual inspection sensitivity (P=0.048); sensitivity was 15 percentage points higher among CHWs than physicians (P=0.014). Components of provider training were significant predictors of sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsCommunity‐based visual inspection programs using adequately trained CHWs could reduce barriers and expand access to screening, thereby decreasing cervical cancer incidence and mortality for women at highest risk and those living in remote areas with limited access to healthcare personnel.
Species differences in bile acids I. Plasma and urine bile acid composition
Authors: Thakare Rhishikesh , Alamoudi Jawaher Abdullah , Gautam Nagsen , Rodrigues A. David , Alnouti Yazen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMaintenance of bile acid (BA) homeostasis is essential to achieve their physiologic functions and avoid their toxic effects. The marked differences in BA composition between preclinical safety models and humans may play a major role in the poor prediction of drug‐induced liver injury using preclinical models. We compared the composition of plasma and urinary BAs and their metabolites between humans and several animal species. Total BA pools and their composition varied widely among different species. Highest sulfation of BAs was observed in human and chimpanzee. Glycine amidation was predominant in human, minipig, hamster and rabbit, while taurine amidation was predominant in mice, rat and dogs. BA profiles consisted primarily of tri‐OH BAs in hamster, rat, dog and mice, di‐OH BAs in human, rabbit and minipig, and mono‐OH BA in chimpanzee. BA profiles comprised primarily hydrophilic and less toxic BAs in mice, rat, pig and hamster, while it primarily comprised hydrophobic and more toxic BAs in human, rabbit and chimpanzee. Therefore, the hydrophobicity index was lowest in minipig and mice, while it was highest in rabbit, monkey and human. Glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation were low in all species across all BAs. Total concentration of BAs in urine was up to 10× higher and more hydrophilic than plasma in most species. This was due to the presence of more tri‐OH, amidated, sulfated and primary BAs, in urine compared to plasma. In general, BA profiles of chimpanzee and monkeys were most similar to human, while minipig, rat and mice were most dissimilar to human.
Schisantherin A protects renal tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Gong Jiachuan , Wang Xuezhen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchisantherin A (SchA), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, was reported to possess anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, its protective effect against renal ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in human renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) has never been studied. Thus, herein, we investigated the effect of SchA on renal I/R injury in vitro. Our results demonstrated that SchA pretreatment significantly improved HK‐2 cell viability exposed to H/R. Pretreatment with SchA markedly inhibited the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, as well as suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐6 in H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. In addition, SchA also suppressed H/R‐induced HK‐2 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this protective effect of SchA was mediated through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HK‐2 cells. These findings showed that SchA may exert a protective effect on renal tubular epithelial cells against H/R injury through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Effect of 2.94 µm Er: YAG laser on the chemical composition of hard tissues
Authors: Aljdaimi Abtesam , Devlin Hugh , Dickinson Mark , Alfutimie Abdullatif 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the effect of the Er‐YAG laser radiation on morphology and chemical composition of enamel, dentin, and bone. The specimens of the three groups were irradiated with a very long pulse mode (VLP) of 2.94 µm Er‐YAG laser with 100 mJ pulse energy and energy density of 8.42 J/
for 30 s, at a repetition rate of 15 Hz. The organic and inorganic content of the samples were investigated by Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological characteristics were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis (calcium and phosphorus) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). FTIR data were analyzed with a One‐Way ANCOVA test and EDX data with the independent sample t‐test. Following the laser radiation, FTIR showed a significant decrease in the organic content of all tissues. The weight percentage (wt %) calcium content of dentin and bone increased significantly following irradiation with a p‐value of .002 for both tissues, but the wt % of phosphorus content was not influenced significantly. The morphological alterations expressed signs of fusion in all the samples.
Detergent‐assisted sample preparation for MALDI‐MS: Investigation of octylglucoside and docecylmaltoside for matrix crystallization, on‐plate digestion, and trypsin activity
Authors: Rühl Michael , Schönborn Stefan , Karas Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe show an easy and fast method for improved detection of lipophilic peptides with MALDI‐MS utilizing the nonionic detergents n‐octylglucoside and n‐dodecylmaltoside (laurylmaltoside). Investigations comprised on‐plate digestion of proteins with trypsin, detergent effects on the protease trypsin, and the changes in MALDI matrix crystallization. Investigations also exhibited a higher tryptic activity in trypsin activity assay of 139% when using laurylmaltoside as supplement. Crystallization changed toward a more homogeneous crystal distribution and especially trypsinized insulin spectra recorded with MALDI‐MS showed improved detectability of lipophilic peptides.