bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor XI antigen and activity in human platelets
Authors: Tuszynski GP , Bevacqua SJ , Schmaier AH , Colman RW , Walsh PN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Washed platelets, contaminated with less than 0.20% plasma factor XI, were examined for the presence of factor XI antigen and activity. These platelets contained a factor-XI-like coagulant activity (0.67 +/- 0.11 U/10(11) platelets) that remained constant after successive washes. By means of indirect immunofluorescence, a monospecific antibody to factor XI showed specific staining of both normal platelets and platelets from patients deficient in plasma factor XI. Radiolabeled Triton extracts of washed platelets and labeled purified factor XI solutions were analyzed for factor XI antigen by Staph A immunoprecipitation analysis using antibody to purified plasma factor XI followed by SDS gel electrophoresis. On unreduced gels, the platelet material ran as a single band having an apparent molecular weight of 220,000 daltons, whereas purified plasma factor XI gave a single band at 160,000 daltons. On reduced gels, the platelet material analyzed as a single band at 52,000 daltons, whereas purified factor XI gave a single band of 80,000 daltons. Analysis of a partially purified factor XI preparation from platelets by immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the platelet preparation displayed a slightly lower cathodal electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 than did plasma factor XI and yet appeared to possess complete antigenic identity with plasma factor XI. These results indicate that platelets possess a form of factor XI that exists as a disulfide-linked 52,000-dalton tetramer in contrast to the plasma form that circulates as a 80,000-dalton disulfide-linked dimer.
The relationship between the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic properties of low molecular weight heparin in rabbits
Authors: Carter CJ , Kelton JG , Hirsh J , Cerskus A , Santos AV , Gent M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have compared the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic effects of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fraction and standard heparin in rabbits. Similar LMW heparin fractions have antithrombotic effects when tested in animals, but their hemorrhagic effects relative to standard heparin have not been established. Standard porcine mucosal heparin (mol wt 15,000 daltons) was depolymerized by nitrous acid to a low molecular weight fraction (mol wt 4600 daltons). Using equal USP units, the standard and Dep LMW heparin were compared in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In vitro, when diluted in rabbit plasma, the Dep LMW heparin at equivalent anti-Xa activity showed less prolongation of thrombin clotting times or activated partial thromboplastin times. Ex vivo, platelets from rabbits treated with the Dep LMW heparin showed less inhibition of collagen-induced aggregation. The relative hemorrhagic properties of the two heparins were compared in vivo in rabbits using a sensitive blood loss assay, and the antithrombotic properties were compared in a thrombin-induced venous stasis model. By using an optimal threshold heparin dose in each test system, it was possible to demonstrate that equal USP units of Dep LMW heparin caused less blood loss but showed greater antithrombotic activity than standard heparin.
Glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb): an index of red cell survival
Authors: Panzer S , Kronik G , Lechner K , Bettelheim P , Neumann E , Dudczak R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Levels of glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb) are significantly (p less than 0.0005) lower in patients with hemolytic anemia (n = 20; mean = 3.9% +/- 0.1% SD GHb of total Hb) compared to patients with nonhemolytic anemia (n = 20; mean = 7.0% +/- 0.7% GHb) and normal controls (n = 30; mean = 6.7% +/- 0.7% GHb). A curvilinear correlation between GHb and red cell survival is demonstrable (n = 20;r2 = 0.88; p less than 0.001). Determination of GHb may be useful as a screening test for hemolytic anemia and for the evaluation of the degree of hemolysis, provided that diabetes mellitus can be excluded.
Pharmacokinetics of continuous intravenous and subcutaneous infusions of cytosine arabinoside
Authors: Weinstein HJ , Griffin TW , Feeney J , Cohen HJ , Propper RD , Sallan SE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of continuous subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) infusions were compared with continuous intravenous infusions. Steady-state serum ara-C levels and myelosuppression were similar with both routes of administration. CSF/serum ara-C ratios ranged from 0.14 to 0.91 (mean, 0.58). Continuous subcutaneous ara-C infusions were a convenient and reliable alternative to intravenous infusions.
Quantitative Analysis of the Normal and Four Alternative Degrees of an Inherited Macrocytic Anemia in the House Mouse
Authors: RUSSELL ELIZABETH S. , FONDAL ELIZABETH L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A general description is given of the known effects of a series of allelic genes, W, Wv, w,, which are responsible for varying degrees of a macrocytic anemia as well as for differences in viability, gonad development and intensity and location of hair pigment. A summary is given of previous investigations into the basic nature of these anemias.
2. The mean erythrocyte count for each genotype is given for sixteen day embryos, and for zero day, two weeks and four weeks after birth. All determinations are based on comparisons of normal and anemic littermates.
3. A detailed description is given of the methods used to obtain blood samples from embryos. In all three severely affected genotypes the anemia is already well established at the sixteenth day of embryonic life.
4. In each interval thereafter, some increase in erythrocyte level is found in all genotypes. All genotypes, normal and anemic, made approximately the same relative increase during each time interval, indicating the same relative response to the physiologic stimulus of the individual’s growth.
5. Certain genotypes are lethal at particular stages. It is suggested that these deaths are due to a failure of blood formation to reach the absolute level necessary for continued development and resistance to minor noxious stimuli at these critical periods of rapid growth.
6. Certain other factors possibly affecting blood formation or survival were tested. The presence, absence or degree of anemia of the mother were found to have no effect on the erythrocyte level of newborn young of the slightly anemic Wvw genotype. Continuing injections of diluted whole blood into extremely anemic WWs led to survival for more than 100 days. Two WW individuals survived spontaneously to seven months, indicating that there are influences, as yet unanalyzed, which can lift even this genotype to a level where it can produce sufficient erythrocytes to maintain itself for a considerable period.
The Role of the Lungs in the Removal of Transfused Lymphocytes
Authors: WEISBERGER AUSTIN S. , GUYTON RICHARD A. , HEINLE ROBERT W. , STORAASLI JOHN P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In rats, the intravascular injection of large numbers of lymphocytes obtained from the lymphatic system fails to increase the number of circulating lymphocytes. This is the result, chiefly, of a specific selective action of the lungs in removing the cells, after either intravenous or intra-arterial injection. The spleen, and perhaps the liver and kidneys also play a part in removing the transfused lymphocytes, but are not as active as the lungs in this respect. These results are similar to those obtained with the transfusion of granulocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity of rabbits and raise the possibility that the lungs may act as a homeostatic organ in controlling the level of the white blood count. Under the conditions of this experiment, relatively large doses of ACTH and cortisone had no significant immediate effect on transfused lymphocytes.
These results indicate that inadequate preservation of leukocytes in stored blood does not account for their failure to appear in the circulation after transfusion, and that better preservation will not, in all probability, alter the situation.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria With Two New Case Reports
Authors: MCILVANIE SAMUEL K. , BEARD MARION F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are reported. The chronicity of the hemolytic process is stressed.
2. Venous blood pH was found to be generally more alkaline during sleep and we believe that the nocturnal hemolytic process is not due to increased acidity per se.
3. A trial with (1) oral prostigmine bromide for two months, and (2) witin subcutaneous pilocarpine nitrate and pilocarpine hydrochloride showed no evidence of reduced erythrocyte destruction and the anemia was unaffected.
4. There was no effect with hapten upon in vitro hemolysis.
5. The hemoglobin structure of the erythrocyte in this disease is normal as measured by the electrophoretic method.
Feedback regulation of granulopoiesis: polymerization of lactoferrin abrogates its ability to inhibit CSA production
Authors: Bagby GC Jr , Bennett RM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neutrophil extracts were prepared from the peripheral blood of 40 normal volunteers and tested for their ability to inhibit CSA production by mononuclear leukocytes. Highly dilute neutrophil extracts inhibited CSA production/release, while extracts selectively depleted of lactoferrin by antibody affinity chromatography did not. In addition, higher concentrations of neutrophil extracts and higher doses of lactoferrin (10(-9)-10(-6) M) failed to inhibit CSA production/release. We found no evidence of CSA or CSA-enhancing factors in either our lactoferrin or our neutrophil extracts. However, using gel chromatography and rate zonal density sedimentation, we noted that lactoferrin undergoes concentration-dependent polymerization at 10(-9)-10(-10) M in tissue culture medium and that while monomeric lactoferrin effectively inhibits CSA production/release in vitro, the polymeric form does not. Thus, while we have confirmed that lactoferrin is the activity in neutrophil extracts that inhibits CSA production, we have also found that lactoferrin undergoes reversible polymerization at physiologic concentrations and that the polymerized molecule is inactive. The tendency of lactoferrin to polymerize in tissue culture medium and in vivo should be taken into account in any studies on its potential role as a physiologically relevant regulator of granulopoiesis.
Effects of aclacinomycin-A on murine leukemia
Authors: Nara N , Miyamoto T , Hirashima K , Momoi H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Effects of aclacinomycin-A (ACM) on leukemic cells and normal hematopoietic stem cells were studied for the purpose of evaluating the usefulness of this agent as an antileukemic agent. ACM suppressed not only leukemic colony-forming unit (LCFU) in the radiation-induced murine erythroleukemia, but also normal hematopoietic stem cells (CFU- S, CFU-C) in mice. However, LCFU was the most sensitive to ACM. After the administration of ACM at a dose of 5 mg/kg. LCFU was suppressed to 0.02 of the control on day 3 and recovered within 5 days. Splenic CFU-S and CFU-C were suppressed to the nadirs on day 2 and day 1, respectively, and they recovered within 5 days. On the basis of the differences in the sensitivities to ACM and recovery patterns between LCFU and normal hematopoietic stem cells. ACM at a single dose of 5 mg/kg was administered every 3 days (total dose of 25 mg/kg) into leukemic mice, and the increase in mean lifespan obtained 113.9%. Effectiveness of ACM in the treatment of acute leukemia was discussed.
Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Rosse WF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Patients with PNH may be treated with a number of known agents. As in all patients with a chronic disease, a regimen tolerable over a long period of time must be selected. Knowledge and anticipation of complications and their proper treatment are essential parts in the treatment. When these principals are used, many patients may live reasonable lives for very long periods of time.
A variant of von Willebrand's disease with abnormal expression of factor VIII procoagulant activity
Authors: Montgomery RR , Hathaway WE , Johnson J , Jacobson L , Muntean W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reports on variants of von Willebrand's disease are numerous, but many of these are based on tests that will show marked fluctuations with time and tests that might not be similar in affected family members. This report describes 8 patients with a new variant of von Willebrand';s disease in which there is a normal APTT, slightly reduced one-stage factor VIII:C assay (VIII:C-1), and a drastically reduced two- stage factor VIII:C assay (VIII:C-2). The VIII:C in this variant is more readily adsorbed to AI(OH)3. This variability in VIII:C assays and excessive adsorption to AI(OH)3 are corrected by the addition of either hemophilic plasma or hemophilic factor-VIII-related antigen. This variant is stable with restudy on multiple occasions and is inherited in a stable fashion in three generations of one family. The multimeric structure of the VIIIR:Ag appears normal, although the concentration is moderately reduced. The differences in functional activity, the adsorption to AI(OH)3, and the differences between functional and antigenic (VIII:C Ag) assays of VIII:C support that this is a functional abnormality of type I von Willebrand's disease.
Acid hydrolases as markers of maturation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Grossi CE , Zicca A , Leprini A , Cadoni A , Pistoia V , Ferrarini M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Malignant lymphocytes from 30 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B- CLL) patients were studied for the cytochemical localization of two acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AT). The large majority of the cells stained for both ANAE and AP in 7 cases, for AP only in 18 cases, and were negative for both the enzymes in 5 cases. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the cells that displayed more mature morphological features, such as well developed smooth and rough membrane compartments, were those positive for acid hydrolases. That ANAE and AP are expressed by B cells at late stage of maturation was confirmed by the finding that some lymphocytes and all of the plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells from Walderstrom's macroglobulinemia, from mixed cryoglobulinemia, and from multiple myeloma patients stained strongly for both ANAE and AP. Using the expression of acid hydrolases and certain ultrastructural features as markers of cell differentiation, it was possible to demonstrate a process of maturation within the single B-CLL clones with accumulation of the cells at stages that differed in the various cases.
Protein C, an antithrombotic protein, is reduced in hospitalized patients with intravascular coagulation
Authors: Griffin JH , Mosher DF , Zimmerman TS , Kleiss AJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Activated protein C is a potent anticoagulant and profibrinolytic enzyme that can be derived from the vitamin-K-dependent serine protease zymogen, protein C, by the action of thrombin. Protein C antigen concentration was determined in plasmas from normals (n = 40) and from 38 patients with intravascular coagulation as evidenced by positive FDP (greater than micrograms/ml). Plasma protein C was 4 micrograms/ml in normals and was significantly depressed (less than 2 SD below the mean of normals) in 19 of the 38 patients. Of 15 patients with suspected intravascular coagulation but normal FDP, protein C was decreased in 5 individuals; 3 of these 5 patients had liver disease. Based on these results, we suggest that extensive activation of the coagulation system in vivo causes a significant consumption of protein C, presumably due to its activation by thrombin and subsequent clearance.
Isolation of functionally different human monocytes by counterflow centrifugation elutriation
Authors: Figdor CG , Bont WS , Touw I , de Roos J , Roosnek EE , de Vries JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by counterflow centrifugation elutriation (CCE). This technique was modified in such a way that various monocyte fractions (viability greater than 99%) could be elutriated by increasing the density of the CCE-medium in steps of 0.0027 g/ml. All monocytes showed the same size distributions as determined by electronic sizing, which indicated that they differed in their density only. Both cytoplasmic esterase and peroxidase activity increased with the density of the cells. Furthermore, the monocytes with the highest density were 2.3–4 times more active in an antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay than those with the lowest density. In contrast, the monocyte with the highest density were less capable to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) than those with the lowest density. This observation could not be attributed to differences in the expression of HLA-DR determinants, since a monoclonal antibody directed against HLA-DR antigens reacted equally well with the monocytes in different fractions. These results provide evidence for the existence of functionally different subsets of monocytes or different states of differentiation or maturation.
Antithrombin III deficiency: decreased synthesis of a biochemically normal molecule
Authors: Ambruso DR , Leonard BD , Bies RD , Jacobson L , Hathaway WE , Reeve EB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 29-yr-old white female has suffered from recurrent venous thromboses over the last 12 yr. Plasma antithrombin III (AT-III) levels were 48% of normal by immunoelectrophoresis and 56% by chromogenic assay. Three of four siblings and the father had similar AT-III levels without associated venous thromboses. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography demonstrated normal behavior of the patient's AT-III. Her purified AT- III could not be distinguished from AT-III purified from a normal control either by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and the heparin cofactor activity and the progressive antithrombin activity of both AT-III samples were identical. Turnover studies were made in the patient using her own purified AT-III labeled with 131I, (*I). The results did not differ significantly from studies made with autologous *I-AT-III in two normal control women. Her fractional breakdown rate of 0.54 total plasma AT- III per day compared with 0.45 and 0.52 in the controls. These studies indicate that the patient synthesizes a normal AT-III molecule at half normal rates.
Conditions for an in vitro culture of murine mixed hematopoietic colonies and their putative cellular origin
Authors: Miller BA , Siedler DE , Dunn CD , Huang AT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The supernatant fluid of stimulated spleen cells (PHA-SCM) supported in vitro colony growth of murine marrow. In the absence of exogenous erythropoietin, it stimulated the growth of (1) myeloid colonies and (2) distinct mixed colonies containing erythroid cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and infrequently megakaryocytes in a setting structurally resembling biopsied marrow. The cells that form mixed colonies reside in a density range of 1.058–1.068 g/ml in a discontinuous albumin gradient. Active supernatant was produced by T cells in combination with a macrophage factor. DNA synthesis correlated with activity. PHA- SCM differed from erythropoietin (EPO) when chromatographed on lectin columns and did not contain EPO activity as demonstrated by the fetal mouse liver cell (FMLC) assay. The activity for mixed colony growth could be eluted from an anion exchange column with 0.07 M NaCl and eluted in a gel filtration column at a distance corresponding to a molecular weight of 39,000. Mixed colony-forming cells responsive to PHA-SCM were found to be Ia-H-2+. BFU-Es, CFU-Cs, and progenitors for myeloid colonies responsive to PHA-SCM were also H-2+ but showed significant sensitivity to anti-Ia antisera reflecting variable antigenic density. The mixed colony-forming cell appeared less differentiated than myeloid or erythroid progenitor cells examined, and its antigenic determinants are consistent with those observed for the pluripotent stem cell assayed in vivo (CFU-S).
Persistent macrocytosis assessed by erythrocyte subpopulation analysis following erythrocyte regeneration in cats
Authors: Weiser MG , Kociba GJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serial erythrocyte volume distribution curves were used to characterize changes in erythrocyte subpopulations following the induction of Heinz body hemolytic anemia in cats. Macrocytes produced in response to hemolysis were observed after loss of reticulum. After recovery from hemolysis, a gradual reduction in mean cell size resulted from a combination of macrocyte remodeling and production of normocytic cells. The mean apparent prehemolysis half-survival time for chromium-51- labeled erythrocytes was 13.7 days. There were two components to the posthemolysis survival curve. An initial accelerated loss of label was due to either destruction of posthemolysis macrocytes or loss of cell contents associated with remodeling. The second survival curve component reflected an increased mean apparent half-survival time of 20.2 days. After correction for isotope elution, the latter component reflected cohort-like labeling of relatively young erythrocytes having normal survival for the duration of the experiment. At the beginning for this latter component, 42% of the erythrocytes were macrocytic (mean of 3.3 x 10(6) macrocytes/microliter). Since the number of macrocytes gradually declined during the period of normal survival, it was concluded that these cells entered the normocytic size range. Recognition of persistent macrocytosis is important in the concept of the regenerative response and should be considered in the interpretation of erythrocyte volume distribution curves.
Heterogeneity in a lymphoid tumor: coexpression of T and B surface markers
Authors: Schroff RW , Foon KA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heterogeneity of leukemic cells was defined in a case of lymphoma. Four phenotypically distinct subpopulations of leukemic cells were identified. One subpopulation was observed to simultaneously express B- and T-cell characteristics. B-cell characteristics included monoclonal IgM (lambda) surface immunoglobulin, HLA-DR antigens, and expression of the B-cell antigen identified by the BA-1 monoclonal antibody. T-cell characteristics included E-rosette formation, expression of the pan-T- associated antigens recognized by the Leu-1 and OKT-11 monoclonal antibodies, and expression of the suppressor cytotoxic T-cell- associated antigen recognized by the Leu-2 and OKT-8 monoclonal antibodies. In addition to this subpopulation, three other phenotypically distinct subpopulations were identified, two of which expressed monoclonal IgM (lambda) surface immunoglobulin. The results of this investigation indicates that three phenotypically distinct lymphoid subpopulations bearing B-cell characteristics, and probably a fourth T-cell subgroup, were derived from a common lineage. These findings suggest that the malignancy involved a lymphoid progenitor cell that may possess diverse maturational capacity.