bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Improves Nerve Regeneration, Muscle Re-innervation, and Functional Outcomes After Chronic Denervation Injury
Authors: Lopez Joseph , Quan Amy , Budihardjo Joshua , Xiang Sinan , Wang Howard , Kiron Koshy  , Cashman Christopher , Lee W. P. Andrew , Hoke Ahmet , Tuffaha Sami , Brandacher Gerald 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the efficacy of systemic growth hormone (GH) therapy in ameliorating the deleterious effects of chronic denervation (CD) injury on nerve regeneration and resulting motor function. Using a forelimb CD model, 4 groups of Lewis rats were examined (n = 8 per group): Group-1 (negative control) 8 weeks of median nerve CD followed by ulnar-to-median nerve transfer; Group-2 (experimental) 8 weeks of median nerve CD followed by ulnar-to-median nerve transfer and highly purified lyophilized pituitary porcine GH treatment (0.6 mg/day); Group-3 (positive control) immediate ulnar-to-median nerve transfer without CD; Group-4 (baseline) naïve controls. All animals underwent weekly grip strength testing and were sacrificed 14 weeks following nerve transfer for histomorphometric analysis of median nerve regeneration, flexor digitorum superficialis atrophy, and neuromuscular junction reinnervation. In comparison to untreated controls, GH-treated animals demonstrated enhanced median nerve regeneration as measured by axon density (p < 0.005), axon diameter (p < 0.0001), and myelin thickness (p < 0.0001); improved muscle re-innervation (27.9% vs 38.0% NMJs re-innervated; p < 0.02); reduced muscle atrophy (1146 ± 93.19 µm2 vs 865.2 ± 48.33 µm2; p < 0.02); and greater recovery of motor function (grip strength: p < 0.001). These findings support the hypothesis that GH-therapy enhances axonal regeneration and maintains chronically-denervated muscle to thereby promote motor re-innervation and functional recovery.
High-throughput Evaluation of Protein Migration and Localization after Laser Micro-Irradiation
Authors: Oeck Sebastian , Malewicz Nathalie M. , Krysztofiak Adam , Turchick Audrey , Jendrossek Verena , Glazer Peter M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDNA- and histone-related research frequently comprises the quantitative analysis of protein modifications, such as histone phosphorylation. Analysis of accumulation and disappearance of protein foci are used to monitor DNA damage and repair kinetics. If the protein of interest doesn’t accumulate in foci, laser micro-irradiation of single nuclei provides an alternative method to monitor DNA repair proteins and histone dynamics at the DNA damage site. We have developed an automated evaluation tool for standardized, high-throughput analysis of micro-irradiated cells featuring single cell background subtraction and detection across multiple fluorescence channels, allowing for robust statistics.
Metabolic and lipidomic investigation of the antiproliferative effects of coronatine against human melanoma cells
Authors: Kim Hye-Youn , Jin Hanyong , Bae Jeehyeon , Choi Hyung-Kyoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMelanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with metastatic melanoma being refractory to currently available conventional therapies. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of coronatine (COR) on the proliferation of metastatic melanoma cells. COR inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells but negligibly affected the proliferation of normal melanocytes. Comparative metabolic and lipidomic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct infusion-mass spectrometry was performed to investigate COR-induced metabolic changes. These analyses identified 33 metabolites and 82 lipids. Of these, the levels of lactic acid and glutamic acid, which are involved in energy metabolism, significantly decreased in COR-treated melanoma cells. Lipidomic profiling indicated that ceramide levels increased in COR-treated melanoma cells, suggesting that ceramides could function as a suppressor of cancer cell proliferation. In contrast, the levels of phosphatidylinositol (PI) species, including PI 16:0/18:0, 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:0, and 18:0/18:1, which were found to be potential biomarkers of melanoma metastasis in our previous study, were lower in the COR-treated cells than in control cells. The findings of metabolomic and lipidomic profiling performed in the present study provide new insights on the anticancer mechanisms of COR and can be used to apply COR in cancer treatment.
Maternal age alters offspring lifespan, fitness, and lifespan extension under caloric restriction
Authors: Bock Martha J. , Jarvis George C. , Corey Emily L. , Stone Emily E. , Gribble Kristin E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMaternal age has a negative effect on offspring lifespan in a range of taxa and is hypothesized to influence the evolution of aging. However, the mechanisms of maternal age effects are unknown, and it remains unclear if maternal age alters offspring response to therapeutic interventions to aging. Here, we evaluate maternal age effects on offspring lifespan, reproduction, and the response to caloric restriction, and investigate maternal investment as a source of maternal age effects using the rotifer, Brachionus manjavacas, an aquatic invertebrate. We found that offspring lifespan and fecundity decline with increasing maternal age. Caloric restriction increases lifespan in all offspring, but the magnitude of lifespan extension is greater in the offspring from older mothers. The trade-off between reproduction and lifespan extension under low food conditions expected by life history theory is observed in young-mother offspring, but not in old-mother offspring. Age-related changes in maternal resource allocation to reproduction do not drive changes in offspring fitness or plasticity under caloric restriction in B. manjavacas. Our results suggest that the declines in reproduction in old-mother offspring negate the evolutionary fitness benefits of lifespan extension under caloric restriction.
Probing and driving of spin and charge states in double quantum dot under the quench
Authors: Maslova N. S. , Arseyev P. I. , Mantsevich V. N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have analyzed theoretically quenched dynamics of correlated double quantum dot (DQD) due to the switching “on” and “off” coupling to reservoirs. The possibility for controllable manipulation of charge and spin states in the double quantum dot was revealed and discussed. The proposed experimental scheme allows to prepare in DQD maximally entangled pure triplet state and to drive it to another entangled singlet state by tuning both applied bias and gate voltage. It was also demonstrated that the symmetry properties of the total system (double quantum dot coupled to electron reservoirs) allow to resolve the initially prepared two-electron states by detecting non-stationary spin-polarized currents flowing in both reservoirs and controlling the residual charge.
Intra- and interrater reliabilities and a method comparison of 2D and 3D techniques in cadavers to determine sacroiliac screw loosening
Authors: Pieroh Philipp , Lenk Maximilian , Hohmann Tim , Grunert Ronny , Wagner Daniel , Josten Christoph , Höch Andreas , Böhme Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSacroiliac (SI) screw loosening may indicate persistent instability, non-union and contribute to pain. Yet, there is no reliable objective measurement technique to detect and monitor SI screw loosening. In 9 cadaveric pelvises one of two SI screw was turned back approximately 20 mm and subsequently assessed by optical measurement, fluoroscopy and a 3D scan using an image intensifier. CTs were segmented and a contour-based registration of the 3D models and the fluoroscopies was performed to measure SI backing out (X-ray module). Three independent observers performed measurements with three repetitions. Deviation of the measurement techniques to the 3D scan, intra- and interrater reliabilities and method equivalence to the 3D scan were assessed. The X-ray module and two fluoroscopic measurement techniques yielded a difference less than 5 mm compared to the 3D scan and equivalence to the 3D scan. Intrarater reliability was for two observers and almost all techniques very good. Three fluoroscopic measurement techniques and optical measurements displayed a very good interrater reliability. The 3D scan and X-ray module yielded the most precise values for SI screw loosening but only the fluoroscopic measurement of the inlet lateral loosening displayed a good reliability and equivalence to the 3D scan.
Affiliative zygomatic synchrony in co-present strangers
Authors: Golland Yulia , Mevorach Dana , Levit-Binnun Nava 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn social contexts individuals frequently act as social chameleons, synchronizing their responses with those of others. Such synchrony is believed to play an important role, promoting mutual emotional and social states. However, synchrony in facial signals, which serve as the main communicative channel between people, has not been systematically studied. To address this gap, we investigated the social spread of smiling dynamics in a naturalistic social setting and assessed its affiliative function. We also studied whether smiling synchrony between people is linked with convergence in their autonomic and emotional responses. To that aim we measured moment-by-moment changes in zygomatic electromyography and cardiovascular activity in dyads of previously unacquainted participants, who co-viewed and subsequently rated emotional movies. We found a robust, dyad-specific zygomatic synchrony in co-viewing participants. During the positive movie, such zygomatic synchrony co-varied with cardiovascular synchrony and with convergence in positive feelings. No such links were found for the negative movie. Centrally, zygomatic synchrony in both emotional contexts predicted the subsequently reported affiliative feelings of dyad members. These results demonstrate that a naturally unfolding smiling behavior is highly contagious. They further suggest that zygomatic synchrony functions as a social facilitator, eliciting affiliation towards previously unknown others.
Alternative splicing of the Izumo1 gene ensures triggering gamete fusion in mice
Authors: Saito Takako , Wada Ikuo , Inoue Naokazu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIZUMO1 is a sperm acrosomal membrane protein that is essential for mammalian fertilization through recognition of JUNO on the oocyte surface and accompanying IZUMO1-JUNO complex formation. Here, we report a new Izumo1 gene splicing variant (IZUMO1_v2) with a unique 52-amino-acid-long signal sequence transcribed from Exon 1b. Although the mRNA amount of Izumo1_v2 is 76 times lower than that of the original Izumo1 (IZUMO1_v1) in the testis, the cell-oocyte assay indicates that IZUMO1_v2-expressing COS-7 cells have the ability to attach to the oocyte equivalent of IZUMO1_v1. To clarify the physiological function of IZUMO1_v2, we produced an IZUMO1_v1-specific knockout mouse line with a nine-base deletion adjacent to the initial methionine codon of IZUMO1_v1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The IZUMO1_v1 knockout male mice carry 0.19-fold lower level of IZUMO1 protein in the spermatozoon; however, reduction in fertility was only minimally affected compared to the wild-type mice, suggesting that only a small fraction of IZUMO1 is sufficient for triggering sperm-egg fusion. We propose that the alternative splicing generating IZUMO1_v2 might function as a fail-safe in mouse for when splicing is disturbed.
The Sequential Unfolding of First Phase Syntax: Tutorial and Applications to Development
Authors: Rispoli Matthew 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis tutorial is an introduction to first phase syntax (FPS;Ramchand, 2008). FPS provides a new, cross-linguistically motivated perspective on clause internal structure. A new sequence of syntactic development is proposed based on FPS with 4 levels of complexity: (0) verb particles and adjectives in the 1-word stage, (1) semantic relations of entity + location/attribution, (2) intransitive structures encoding change of location/state, and (3) transitive sentences with an internal argument that changes state/location and an external, causer argument. A novel prediction of this framework is that a Level 2 structure emerges earlier than a Level 3 structure.MethodArchival longitudinal data of 15 children (8 boys) were selected to test the proposed developmental sequence. The 15 children's data were drawn from the DeKalb corpora (Rispoli, Hadley, & Holt, 2008,2009) and Champaign corpora (Hadley, Rispoli, Holt, Fitzgerald, & Bahnsen, 2014), selected because their mean lengths of utterance did not exceed 2.54 at age 2;6 (years;months). One-hour language samples taken every 3 months from 1;9 to 2;6 were searched for Level 1–3 structures. The diversity of the internal argument was tracked across levels.ResultsAverage argument diversity shifted across levels over the period of 1;9–2;6. At 2;0, argument diversity was highest for Level 1; at 2;3, diversity was highest for Level 2; and at 2;6, it was highest for Level 3. Paired-samplesttest revealed that, at 2;3, argument diversity in Level 2 was significantly higher than that in Level 3.ConclusionThis developmental application of FPS provides a theoretical framework for a developmentally ordered sequence of syntactic goals and treatment targets for children struggling with the acquisition of syntax.
Efficacy and feasibility of G-POEM in management of patients with refractory gastroparesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aghaie Meybodi Mohamad , Qumseya Bashar , Shakoor Delaram , Lobner Katie , Vosoughi Kia , Ichkhanian Yervant , Khashab Mouen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background and aim Clinical management of patients with gastroparesis is challenging. Prior pyloric targeted procedures are either invasive or have questionable long-term efficacy. Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) has been recently introduced as a minimally invasive approach. In this review, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of this technique in the management of patients with refractory gastroparesis.
Methods PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant studies published through May 2018. Weighted pool rates (WPR) of the clinical resolution were calculated. Pooled values of Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) before and after the procedure were compared. Pooled difference in means comparing gastric emptying before and after the procedure was calculated. Fixed or random effect model was used according to the level of heterogeneity.
Results Seven studies with 196 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean value of procedure duration was 69.7 (95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 39 – 99 minutes) and average estimate of hospital stay was 1.96 (95 % CI: 1.22 – 2.95) days. The WPR for clinical success was 82 % (95 % CI: 74 % – 87 %, I2 = 0). Compared with pre-procedure GCSI values, mean values of GCSI were reduced significantly at 5 days (–1.57 (95 % CI:–2.2,-0.9), I2 = 80 %) (P < 0.001). Mean values of gastric emptying were significantly decreased 2 – 3 months after the procedure (–22.3 (95 %CI: –32.9, – 11.6), I2 = 67 %) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Due to the high rate of clinical success and low rate of adverse events, G-POEM should be considered in management of refractory gastroparesis.
Implementation of an ERAS Pathway in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Bordeianou Liliana , Cavallaro Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been demonstrated to improve hospital length of stay and outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This article presents the specific components of an ERAS protocol implemented at the authors' institution. In particular, details of both surgical and anesthetic ERAS pathways are provided with explanation of all aspects of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care. Evidence supporting inclusion of various aspects within the ERAS protocol is briefly reviewed. The ERAS protocol described has significantly benefitted postoperative outcomes in colorectal patients and can be employed at other institutions wishing to develop an ERAS pathway for colorectal patients. A checklist is provided for clinicians to easily reference and facilitate implementation of a standardized protocol.
Perioperative Fluid Management in the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Pathway
Authors: Zhu Alyssa , Bao Xiaodong , Agarwala Aalok 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluid management is an essential component of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathway. Optimal management begins in the preoperative period and continues through the intraoperative and postoperative phases. In this review, we outline current evidence-based practices for fluid management through each phase of the perioperative period. Preoperatively, patients should be encouraged to hydrate until 2 hours prior to the induction of anesthesia with a carbohydrate-containing clear liquid. When mechanical bowel preparation is necessary, with modern isoosmotic solutions, fluid repletion is not necessary. Intraoperatively, fluid therapy should aim to maintain euvolemia with an individualized approach. While some patients may benefit from goal-directed fluid therapy, a restrictive, zero-balance approach to intraoperative fluid management may be reasonable. Postoperatively, early initiation of oral intake and cessation of intravenous therapy are recommended.
Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Cerebellopontine Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: Höhne Julius , Brawanski Alexander , Schebesch Karl-Michael 
Published: February 2019

Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions. The goal of this surgery is complete removal while preserving cranial nerves. Here, we illustrate the case of a 31-year-old male who presented with persistent headache following a short period of impaired consciousness. Imaging revealed a mass at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) which at surgery proved to be an epidermoid cyst. In this video, we present the key steps of surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was symptom-free at the 3 months of follow-up.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/0xwpkKwQoLI.
Staged Approach for Petroclival Meningioma Resection
Authors: Klironomos Georgios , Chiluwal Amrit , Dehdashti Amir Reza 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Petroclival meningiomas represent very uncommon and challenging tumors. Surgical morbidity is high due to the difficult and complex approaches to this area. In the present video presentation, we demonstrate a staged-approach surgical resection for petroclival meningioma.
Patient and Methods A 47-year- old female was incidentally diagnosed with right sizable petroclival meningioma (Fig. 1). The decision to proceed with a staged approach was made based on size and extension of the tumor to both the middle and posterior fossa. At the first stage we performed a right anterior petrosectomy with the patient in the supine position and the head turned 45 degrees to the left. Residual tumor was left behind along its inferior pole. At the second stage, 2 weeks after the 1st surgery, a right retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed with the patient placed on left park-bench position and the residual tumor was removed. The patient tolerated both stages very well without significant neurological deficits except a transient diplopia after the first stge. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed gross total resection of the tumor.
Conclusion Staged approach for petroclival meningiomas represents a safe and effective surgical management, tolerable for the patient and more comfortable for the neurosurgeon.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/QJJchjAwD5c.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring and Neonatal Outcomes when a Nuchal Cord Is Present at Delivery
Authors: Carter Ebony B. , Chu Cheryl S. , Thompson Zach , Tuuli Methodius G. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study aimed to determine the association between nuchal cord, electronic fetal monitoring parameters, and adverse neonatal outcomes.
Study Design This was a prospective cohort study of 8,580 singleton pregnancies. Electronic fetal monitoring was interpreted, and patients with a nuchal cord at delivery were compared with those without. The primary outcome was a composite neonatal morbidity index. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.
Result Of 8,580 patients, 2,071 (24.14%) had a nuchal cord. There was no difference in the risk of neonatal composite morbidity in patients with or without a nuchal cord (8.69 vs. 8.86%; p = 0.81). Nuchal cord was associated with category II fetal heart tracing and operative vaginal delivery (OVD) (6.4 vs. 4.3%; p < 0.01).
Conclusion Nuchal cord is associated with category II electronic fetal monitoring parameters, which may drive increased rates of OVD. However, there is no significant association with neonatal morbidity.
Crossing over
Authors: Hernández Anita , Bonscher Sylvia , Recio Patricia , Esquivel Johanna , Hererra Melissa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes a professional development intervention for preservice teachers that integrates language-acquisition strategies and academic content. The intervention is based on the Guided Language Acquisition Design (Project GLAD) and an elementary school’s science curriculum (FOSS), which included elements of effective professional development: active learning, models of effective practice, a focus on content, job-embeddedness, and reflection.The Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and Bilingual Education-certified preservice teachers found that scaffolding context-reduced and cognitively-demanding lessons were foundational for content and language learning. Helping to plan lessons, creating lesson materials, and implementing them with third-grade dual-language students were key to the preservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of integrating language and content. This study illustrates how situated learning experiences are beneficial for preservice teachers to orchestrate effective integration of language and content instruction for students in dual-language classrooms.
Temporal connectives and verbal tenses as processing instructions
Authors: Grisot Cristina , Blochowiak Joanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to enhance our understanding about the processing of implicit and explicit temporal chronological relations by investigating the roles of temporal connectives and verbal tenses, separately and in interaction. In particular, we investigate how two temporal connectives (ensuiteandpuis, both meaning ‘then’) and two verbal tenses expressing past time (the simple and compound past) act as processing instructions for chronological relations in French. Theoretical studies have suggested that the simple past encodes the instruction to relate events sequentially, unlike the more flexible compound past, which does not. Using an online experiment with a self-paced reading task, we show that these temporal connectives facilitate the processing of chronological relations when they are expressed with both verbal tenses, and that no significant difference is found between the two verbal tenses, nor between the two connectives. By means of an offline experiment with an evaluation task, we find, contrary to previous studies, that comprehenders prefer chronological relations to be overtly marked rather than implicitly expressed, and prefer to use the connectivepuisin particular. Furthermore, comprehenders prefer it when these relations are expressed using the compound past, rather than the simple past. Instead of using thecontinuityhypothesis (Segal et al. 1991,Murray 1997) to explain the processing of temporal relations, we conclude that a more accurate explanation considers a cluster of factors including linguistic knowledge (connectives, tenses, grammatical and lexical aspect) and world knowledge.