bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unexpected virtue of almost: Exploiting MPI collective operations to approximately coordinate checkpoints
Authors: Levy Scott , Ferreira Kurt B. , Widener Patrick 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCoordinated checkpoint/restart is currently the dominant approach to mitigating the impact of failures on important scientific applications running on large‐scale distributed systems. However, there is widespread evidence that coordinated checkpointing may no longer be viable on next‐generation systems. Uncoordinated checkpoint/restart attempts to address the shortcomings of coordinated checkpoint/restart by allowing application processes to checkpoint their state independently. However, eliminating coordination may significantly degrade application performance. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages existing coordination in important scientific applications to approximately coordinate checkpoints. Specifically, we propose to extend MPI implementations to force checkpoints to occur immediately after the completion of a collective operation. We evaluate the performance implications of this approach using an existing validated simulation framework. Our results demonstrate that approximately coordinated checkpointing can significantly improve application performance relative to totally uncoordinated checkpointing. We also show that forcing checkpoints to occur following a collective operation has a small impact on the nominal checkpoint interval for several important workloads. As a whole, the results presented in this paper demonstrate that approximately coordinated checkpointing may provide significant performance benefits without significantly increasing the cost of failure recovery.
SPIHT‐based multiple image watermarking in NSCT domain
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Singh AK , Kumar P , Singh Rajiv , Singh Siddharth 
Published: September 2018

SummaryImage watermarking in wavelet domain is a challenging problem as it includes a proper selection of wavelet transforms as well as sub‐bands for accurate embedding and recovery of watermarks. However, selection of a suitable wavelet transform for multiple image watermarking is an area of great interest. Therefore, in this work, a multiple watermarking technique using combination of redundant discrete wavelet transforms (RDWT), non‐subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The proposed scheme is aimed to achieve high capacity, robustness, and imperceptibility. The security aspect of the proposed method is enhanced by using Arnold transform. Since RDWT and NSCT are both shift invariant in nature, therefore they are suitable for multiple image watermarking. Furthermore, the proposed method provides flexibility in selection of appropriate sub‐bands for watermark embedding and recovery. Experimental results and analysis reveals that the proposed technique gives maximum PSNR, NC, and SSIM value up to 40.97 dB, 1, and 0.9994, respectively. Furthermore, the performance estimation of our technique is found superior to previously reported techniques under consideration.
Labeling Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves with 15NH4+ and Monitoring Nitrogen Incorporation into Amino Acids by GC/MS Analysis
Authors: Cukier Caroline , Lea Peter J. , Cañas Rafael , Marmagne Anne , Limami Anis M. , Hirel Bertrand 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe human body contains approximately 3.2% nitrogen (N), mainly present as protein and amino acids. Although N exists at a high concentration (78%) in the air, it is not readily available to animals and most plants. Plants are however able to take up both nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) ions from the soil and convert them to amino acids and proteins, which are excellent sources for all animals. Most N is available as the stable isotope 14N, but a second form, 15N, is present in very low concentrations. 15N can be detected in extracts of plants by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this protocol, the methods are described for tracing the pathway by which plants are able to take up 15N‐labeled nitrate and ammonium and convert them into amino acids and proteins. A protocol for extracting and quantifying amino acids and 15N enrichment in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves labeled with 15NH4+ is described. Following amino acid extraction, purification, and separation by GC/MS, a calculation of the 15N enrichment of each amino acid is carried out on a relative basis to identify any differences in the dynamics of amino acid accumulation. This will allow a study of the impact of genetic modifications or mutations on key reactions involved in primary nitrogen and carbon metabolism. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Best candidate integrated technology for low‐noise, high‐speed, and wide bandwidth‐based transimpedance amplifiers in optical computing systems and optical fiber applications
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Tabbour Mohammed Salah F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper presents the best candidate integrated technology for achieving low‐noise, high‐speed, and wide bandwidth transimpedance amplifiers in optical computing and communication systems. Different complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology sizes are employed in addition to high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), and gallium arsenide technologies‐based transimpedance amplifiers to achieve high‐speed capability with low noise. These different technologies are applied on two proposed models to test the performance parameters. Maximum output signal voltage, maximum RF power spectrum, received output power, maximum Q‐factor, and minimum bit error rate are the tradeoff parameters for two proposed models at high transmission bit rates up to 400 Gb/s. It is observed that 600‐nm CMOS technology has presented the best candidate to deal with high transmission bit rates because of its superior performances in either the first proposed model or the second proposed model compared with other technologies under study. Figure of merit is applied on two proposed models and previous works to show the high‐speed performance operation of transimpedance amplifiers in our proposed models. The signal is tested before and after transimpedance amplifiers in different technologies.
Climate‐based seed transfer of a widespread shrub: population shifts, restoration strategies, and the trailing edge
Authors: Richardson Bryce A. , Chaney Lindsay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGenetic resources have to be managed appropriately to mitigate the impact of climate change. For many wildland plants, conservation will require knowledge of the climatic factors affecting intraspecific genetic variation to minimize maladaptation. Knowledge of the interaction between traits and climate can focus management resources on vulnerable populations, provide guidance for seed transfer, and enhance fitness and resilience under changing climates. In this study, traits of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) were examined among common gardens located in different climates. We focus on two subspecies,wyomingensisandtridentata, that occupy the most imperiled warm‐dry spectrum of the sagebrush biome. Populations collected across the sagebrush biome were recorded for flower phenology and survival. Mixed‐effects models examined each trait to evaluate genetic variation, environmental effects, and adaptive breadth of populations. Climate variables derived from population‐source locations were significantly associated with these traits (P < 0.0001), explaining 31% and 11% of the flower phenology and survival variation, respectively. To illustrate our model and assess variability in prediction, we examine fixed and focal point seed transfer approaches to map contemporary and climate model ensemble projections in two different regions of the sagebrush biome. A comparison of seed transfer areas predicts that populations from warmer climates become more prevalent, replacing colder‐adapted populations by mid‐century. However, these warm‐adapted populations are often located along the trailing edge, margins of the species range predicted to be lost due to a contraction of the climatic niche. Management efforts should focus on the collection and conservation of vulnerable populations and prudent seed transfer to colder regions where these populations are projected to occur by mid‐century. Our models provide the foundation to develop an empirical, climate‐based seed transfer system for current and future restoration of big sagebrush.
Advances in mass spectrometry‐based glycomics
Authors: Dong Xue , Huang Yifan , Cho Byeong Gwan , Zhong Jieqiang , Gautam Sakshi , Peng Wenjing , Williamson Seth D. , Banazadeh Alireza , Torres‐Ulloa Katya Y. , Mechref Yehia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe diversification of the chemical properties and biological functions of proteins is attained through posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation. Glycans, which are covalently attached to proteins, play a vital role in cell activities. The microheterogeneity and complexity of glycan structures associated with proteins make comprehensive glycomic analysis challenging. However, recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), separation techniques, and sample preparation methods have primarily facilitated structural elucidation and quantitation of glycans. This review focuses on describing recent advances in MS‐based techniques used for glycomic analysis (2012–2018), including ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques coupled with MS. Progress in glycomics workflow involving glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation will also be highlighted here. Additionally, the recent development of quantitative glycomics through comparative and multiplex approaches will also be described.
Obsessive–compulsive symptomatology in female adolescent inpatients with restrictive compared with binge–purge eating disorders
Authors: Lewis Yael Doreen , Gilon Mann Tal , Enoch‐Levy Adi , Dubnov‐Raz Gal , Gothelf Doron , Weizman Abraham , Stein Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveStrong relationships exist between obsessive–compulsive (OC) disorder and eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the study was to investigate whether OC symptoms would be expressed differently in different ED types.MethodNinety‐four female adolescent inpatients with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN‐R), 67 with binge/purge AN (AN‐B/P), and 48 with bulimia nervosa (BN) were assessed on admission and discharge using the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS), Yale–Brown–Cornell Eating Disorders Scale (YBC‐EDS), Eating Attitude Test—26 (EAT‐26), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsOn admission, patients with AN‐B/P exhibited higher scores on the Y‐BOCS, YBC‐EDS, EAT‐26, and BDI in comparison with patients with AN‐R or BN. A significant improvement on all psychometric variables from admission to discharge was found for all participants taken together. Nonetheless, patients with AN‐B/P and/or BN showed a greater improvement on Y‐BOCS, BDI, and STAI than patients with AN‐R, whereas no between‐group difference was found for YBC‐EDS and EAT‐26.ConclusionsObsessionality is more severe in acutely ill AN‐B/P patients than in patients with AN‐R and BN, whereas a greater improvement in obsessionality from the acutely ill to the stabilized ED condition is found in patients with binge/purge in comparison with restrictive pathology.
A case series to investigate food‐related fear learning and extinction using in vivo food exposure in anorexia nervosa: A clinical application of the inhibitory learning framework
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Leppanen Jenni , Mataix‐Cols David , Campbell Iain C. , Treasure Janet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa is characterized by severe malnutrition. This study tested the hypothesis that fear of food is a learned behaviour and evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of gradual exposure to food to improve eating behaviour in people with anorexia nervosa.MethodsEighteen women were recruited and completed baseline self‐reports. They were interviewed regarding early experiences of eating and the development of food‐related anxiety. Participants received eight sessions of in vivo food exposure.ResultsFindings indicated that fear of food is a learned behaviour, associated with catastrophic thoughts around the consequences of eating and safety behaviours. Patients consumed at least half of the food item selected in all but one session. Body mass index increased, and food restriction, eating concern, eating disorder‐related preoccupations, and overall anxiety reduced (medium/large ES).ConclusionFindings corroborate an anxiety‐based model of anorexia nervosa and support the relevance of targeting food‐related fears using exposure‐based protocols.
Bidirectional relationship between caregiver burden and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
Authors: Isik Ahmet Turan , Soysal Pinar , Solmi Marco , Veronese Nicola 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to make a state of the art of the potential influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) on caregiver stress and vice versa.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Google Scholar for potential eligible articles.ResultsPatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually need high levels of care in all activities of daily living, most of them provided by family members, friends, or informal caregivers. Caregivers have to cope with both age‐related conditions and dementia‐related factors. Therefore, caregiving in dementia is more difficult and stressful than caregiving for older adults, affected by other conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, agitation, disinhibition, aggressive behavior, and sleep disturbances are more closely related to caregiver burden, and associated with more negative outcomes such as decline in their general health, quality of life, and social isolation. Caregiver burden worsens relationship between caregiver and patients with AD. Thus, this relationship may increase the frequency and severity of NPs. Predictors of burden were being a woman, a spouse, and old person with immature coping mechanisms, social isolation, with insufficient knowledge about dementia, poor premorbid relationship with patient, and high levels of negative expressed emotions.ConclusionBecause of the bidirectional relationship between caregiver burden and NPs, the active management strategies of dementia care should include early identification and treatment risk factors for both caregiver stress and NPs in patients with AD. Therefore, to improve one of them can be exert beneficial for the other.
Monthly spending dynamics of the elderly following a health shock: Evidence from Singapore
Authors: Cheng Terence C. , Li Jing , Vaithianathan Rhema 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe use novel longitudinal data from 19 monthly waves of the Singapore Life Panel to examine the short‐term dynamics of the effects health shocks have on household health and nonhealth spending and income by the elderly. The health shocks we study are the occurrence of new major conditions such as cancer, heart problems, and minor conditions (e.g., diabetes and hypertension). Our empirical strategy is based on an event study approach that exploits unanticipated changes in health status through the diagnosis of new health conditions. We find that major shocks have large and persistent effects whereas minor shocks have small and mainly contemporaneous effects. We find that household income reduces following a major shock for males but not females. Major health shocks lead to a decrease in households' nonhealth expenditures that is particularly pronounced for cancer and stroke sufferers, driven largely by reductions in leisure spending. The financial impact of major shocks on medical saving account balances occurs to those without private health insurance, whereas the impact is on cash balances for privately insured individuals.
An exploratory experimental study examining the short‐term effects of a public service announcement on parents’ perceptions of the descriptive norm for children’s outdoor play: A cautionary tale
Authors: Crozier Alyson J. , Spink Kevin S. , Faulkner Guy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIssue AddressedPublic service announcements (PSA) targeting physical activity are not always effective at enacting behaviour change. One factor that may impact message effectiveness is whether the message matches its intent (ie, what norm is being portrayed and received). The current study explored the effects of two PSAs on parents’ perceptions of outdoor play.MethodsParents (N = 333) completed a pre/postexperimental online survey to examine the acute impact of a PSA on their perception of how often children play outdoors (ie, descriptive norms). Participants provided their descriptive norm perceptions and then were randomised to view one of two PSAs: (a) the Mr. Lonely PSA, which portrayed outdoor activity as not normative, and (b) a control message, which portrayed outdoor activity as the norm (VERB PSA). After viewing their PSA, descriptive norm perceptions were reported again.ResultsA two‐way mixed ANOVA indicated that participants who viewed the Mr. Lonely PSA (where outdoor play was not normative) perceived that children and youth played outdoors less frequently immediately after watching the PSA compared to before viewing it (P < 0.05). No significant change occurred in the control condition.ConclusionsPSAs can alter individuals’ perceptions of whether they perceive outdoor play as normative among children and youth.So what?As individuals align their behaviour with what is typical, PSA developers should be wary of what message is being conveyed. In terms of activity, portraying that outdoor play is not normative may not have the intended outcome.
The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions
Authors: Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O.D. , Fraser Ian S. ,   the FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems for nomenclature of symptoms of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years (FIGO AUB System 1) and for classification of causes of AUB (FIGO AUB System 2; PALM‐COEIN) were first published together in 2011. The purpose was to harmonize the definitions of normal and abnormal bleeding symptoms and to classify and subclassify underlying potential causes of AUB in the reproductive years to facilitate research, education, and clinical care. The systems were designed to be flexible and to be periodically reviewed and modified as appropriate.ObjectivesTo review, clarify, and, where appropriate, revise the previously published systems.Methodology and outcomeTo a large extent, the process has been an iterative one involving the FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee, as well as a number of invited contributions from epidemiologists, gynecologists, and other experts in the field from around the world between 2012 and 2017. Face‐to‐face meetings have been held in Rome, Vancouver, and Singapore, and have been augmented by a number of teleconferences and other communications designed to evaluate various aspects of the systems. Where substantial change was considered, anonymous voting, in some instances using a modified RAND Delphi technique, was utilized.
Successful bony integration of a porous tantalum implant despite longlasting and ongoing infection: Histologic workup of an explanted shoulder prosthesis
Authors: Wahl Peter , Sprecher Christoph M. , Brüning Christian , Meier Christoph , Milz Stefan , Gautier Emanuel , Fintan Moriarty T 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTInfection associated with an implant is a complication feared in surgery, as it leads to loosening and dysfunction. This report documents an unexpected good bony integration of a porous tantalum shoulder prosthesis despite infection.A shoulder prosthesis with a porous tantalum glenoidal base plate was retrieved after 3 years of ongoing infection withStaphylococcus spp. Methyl‐methacrylate embedded sections of the retrieved glenoidal component were analyzed by optical and scanning electron beam microscopy (SEM). Bone ongrowth and ingrowth were quantified.Bone had formed at the implant surface and within the open cell structure of the porous tantalum. The bone implant contact index was 32%. The bone ingrowth or relative bone area within the open structure was 8.2%, respectively 11.9% in the outer 50% of the thickness. Due to the section thickness, bone ongrowth could best be documented in SEM.Despite long‐lasting and ongoing infection, the glenoidal base plate of the prosthesis showed good bony integration upon removal. The bone ingrowth into the porous tantalum was comparable to the values previously reported for the undersurface of retrieved proximal humerus resurfacing implants. Good integration of the implant however did not solve the problem of infection, and related morbidity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2924–2931, 2018.
In vivoevaluation of resorbable supercritical CO2‐treated collagen membranes for class III furcation‐guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Tovar Nick , Witek Lukasz , Neiva Rodrigo , Marão Heloisa F. , Gil Luiz F. , Atria Pablo , Jimbo Ryo , Caceres Eduardo A. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study evaluated the effects of a Supercritical CO2(scCO2) on a commercially available decellularized/delipidized naturally derived porcine pericardium collagen membrane, Vitala®. The Vitala® and scCO2treated experimental membranes were evaluated for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) of periodontal tissue in class III furcation defects utilizing a dog model. Physical material characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thein vivoportion of the study was allocated to three‐time points (6, 12, and 24‐weeks) using standardized class III furcation defects created in the upper second and third premolars. The experimental defects (n= 5) were covered with either a collagen membrane (positive control), scCO2‐treated collagen membrane (experimental) or no membrane (negative control). Following sacrifice, histologic serial sections were performed from cervical to apical for morphologic/morphometric evaluation. Morphometric evaluation was carried out by ranking the presence of collagen membrane, amount of bone formation within the defect site and inflammatory cell infiltrate content. SEM showed the experimental scCO2‐treated membrane to have a similar gross fibrous appearance and chemical structure in comparison to the Vitala® Collagen membrane. A significant increase in membrane thickness was noted in the scCO2‐treated membranes (366 ± 54 μm) vs non‐treated membranes (265 ± 75 μm). TGA and DSC spectra indicated no significant qualitative differences between the two membranes. For thein vivoresults, both membranes indicated significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone (scCO2: 2.85 ± 1.1; Vitala®: 2.80 ± 1.0) within the covered defects relative to uncovered controls (0.8 ± 0.27) at 24 weeks. Both membrane types gradually degraded as time elapsedin vivofrom 6 to 12 weeks, and presented nearly complete resorption at 24 weeks. The inflammatory infiltrate at regions in proximity with the membranes was commensurate with healthy tissue levels from 6 weeksin vivoon, and periodontal ligament regeneration onset was detected at 12 weeksin vivo.The effect of the supplementary scCO2treatment step on the collagen membrane was demonstrated to be biocompatible, allowing for the infiltration of cells and degradation over time. The treated membranes presented similar performance in GTR to non‐treated samples in Class III furcation lesions. Defects treated without membranes failed to achieve regeneration of the native periodontium. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1320–1328, 2019.