bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interactive effects of dolomite application and straw incorporation on soil N2O emissions
Authors: Shaaban M. , Wu Y. , Peng Q. , Wu L. , Van Zwieten L. , Khalid M. S. , Younas A. , Lin S. , Zhao J. , Bashir S. , Zafar‐ul‐hye M. , Abid M. , Hu R. 
Published: February 2018

Soil N2O emissions are generally larger from soil with straw incorporated, and adjusting soil pH can substantially affect the mineralization of incorporated straw. However, the interactive effects of straw return and adjustment of soil pH on N2O emissions have not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated the role of adjusting soil pH using dolomite with incorporated crop straw in changing soil properties and N2O emissions. We performed a 105‐day incubation study in which dolomite was added to a rice (Oryza sativa L.) (C/N: 36) and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) straw (C/N: 17) amended acidic soil (Ultisol). The pH of the original soil (4.92) steadily increased to 5.35 and 5.45 at day 105 in rice and green bean straw treatments, respectively. Application of dolomite increased pH to a maximum value of 6.35 in the rice straw + dolomite and 6.55 in the green bean straw + dolomite amended soil at day 105 following establishment of the trial. Application of dolomite and the crop straws significantly increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−), whereas it had a short‐term effect on exchangeable ammonium (NH4+). The Ultisol amended with green bean straw emitted larger cumulative N2O emissions (7.25 mg N2O‐N kg−1) during the 105‐day study than soil amended with rice straw (4.23 mg N2O‐N kg−1) and the control soil (1.42 mg N2O‐N kg−1). Dolomite application significantly (P ≤ 0.001) decreased N2O emissions from both rice and green bean straw treatments by increasing soil pH. The results of the current study can help to mitigate N2O emissions and so improve field management.Highlights
We investigated the effects of dolomite on N2O emissions in acidic soil following incorporation of crop residues.
Application of dolomite triggered chemical and biochemical soil processes.
Dolomite significantly decreased N2O emissions from both rice and green bean straw treatments.
Dolomite decreased net N2O emissions by increasing soil pH.
Sexual Distress and Marital Quality of Newlyweds: An Investigation of Sociodemographic Moderators
Authors: Blumenstock Shari M. , Papp Lauren M. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveDrawing from the vulnerability–stress–adaptation model, we explored sexual distress as a lack of adaptive processes within marriage by assessing whether sociodemographic variables associated with stress moderated the association between sexual distress and marital quality.BackgroundSexual intimacy and marital quality are strongly linked, but it remains unclear what role sexual distress (distinct from low sexual satisfaction) plays in marital quality and whether this role differs across sociodemographic characteristics (race, socioeconomic status, premarital childbearing).MethodData are from in‐person and telephone interviews of 199 African American and 174 European American couples across their first 4 years of marriage. Dyadic multilevel modeling was used to analyze longitudinal associations between sexual distress and marital quality and to test whether these associations were moderated by race, socioeconomic status, and premarital childbearing, while controlling for joyful sex and pregnancy.ResultsSexual distress and marital quality were bidirectionally linked. Sexual distress was a stronger predictor of marital quality for African American husbands compared with European American husbands. Socioeconomic status and premarital childbearing were not statistically significant moderators.ConclusionHigh sexual distress is distinct from low sexual satisfaction and may indicate insufficient adaptive processes for partners experiencing chronic stress. Social context and factors beyond marital processes may influence the role sexual intimacy plays in marital quality.ImplicationsFindings contribute to practitioners' understanding of how sexual distress relates to marital quality in diverse newlywed couples.
Experimental characterisation of a CuAg alloy for thermo‐mechanical applications. Part 1: Identifying parameters of non‐linear plasticity models
Authors: Benasciutti D. , Srnec Novak J. , Moro L. , De Bona F. , Stanojević A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite the wide use of copper alloys in thermo‐mechanical applications, there is little data on their cyclic plasticity behaviour, particularly for CuAg alloys. This prevents the behaviour of the materials from being correctly described in numerical simulations for design purposes. In this work CuAg0.1 alloy used for thermo‐mechanical applications was tested by strain‐controlled cyclic loading at 3 different temperatures (room temperature, 250°C, 300°C). In each test, stress‐strain cycles were recorded until the alloy had completely stabilised. These cycles were then used to identify material parameters of non‐linear kinematic and isotropic models. The focus was on plasticity models (Armstrong‐Frederick, Chaboche, Voce) that are usually implemented in commercial finite element codes. Simulated cyclic responses with the identified material models were compared with experiments and showed a good agreement. The identified material parameters for the CuAg alloy under investigation can be used directly in finite element models for cyclic plasticity simulations, thus enabling a durability analysis of components under thermo‐mechanical loads to be performed, particularly in the field of steel‐making plants.
Hydrocarbon‐Rich Groundwater above Shale‐Gas Formations: A Karoo Basin Case Study
Authors: Eymold William K. , Swana Kelley , Moore Myles T. , Whyte Colin J. , Harkness Jennifer S. , Talma Siep , Murray Ricky , Moortgat Joachim B. , Miller Jodie , Vengosh Avner , Darrah Thomas H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHorizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have enhanced unconventional hydrocarbon recovery but raised environmental concerns related to water quality. Because most basins targeted for shale‐gas development in the USA have histories of both active and legacy petroleum extraction, confusion about the hydrogeological context of naturally occurring methane in shallow aquifers overlying shales remains. The Karoo Basin, located in South Africa, provides a near‐pristine setting to evaluate these processes, without a history of conventional or unconventional energy extraction. We conducted a comprehensive pre‐industrial evaluation of water quality and gas geochemistry in 22 groundwater samples across the Karoo Basin, including dissolved ions, water isotopes, hydrocarbon molecular and isotopic composition, and noble gases. Methane‐rich samples were associated with high‐salinity, NaCl‐type groundwater and elevated levels of ethane, 4He, and other noble gases produced by radioactive decay. This endmember displayed less negative δ13C‐CH4 and evidence of mixing between thermogenic natural gases and hydrogenotrophic methane. Atmospheric noble gases in the methane‐rich samples record a history of fractionation during gas‐phase migration from source rocks to shallow aquifers. Conversely, methane‐poor samples have a paucity of ethane and 4He, near saturation levels of atmospheric noble gases, and more negative δ13C‐CH4; methane in these samples is biogenic and produced by a mixture of hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic sources. These geochemical observations are consistent with other basins targeted for unconventional energy extraction in the USA and contribute to a growing data base of naturally occurring methane in shallow aquifers globally, which provide a framework for evaluating environmental concerns related to unconventional energy development (e.g., stray gas).
Effect of deferred or no treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with early primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Hirohara Junko , Nakano Toshiaki , Yagi Minami , Namisaki Tadashi , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Takikawa Hajime ,   Japan PBC Study Group (JPBCSG)
Published: February 2018

AimAs primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a heterogeneous disease, we hypothesized that there is a population of patients with early PBC who do not require prompt treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In this study, we analyzed data from a large‐scale PBC cohort in Japan, and retrospectively investigated whether outcomes of early PBC patients were affected with prompt or deferred/no UDCA treatment.MethodsWe defined early PBC as asymptomatic, serum alkaline phosphatase <1.67‐fold the upper limit of normal, normal bilirubin, and histological stages I–II at presentation. We compared the outcomes of early PBC patients between the treatment regimens; prompt treatment group (UDCA was initiated within 1 year after diagnosis) and deferred/no treatment group (UDCA initiated >1 year after diagnosis or never initiated). Furthermore, we examined the outcomes of early PBC patients alternatively defined only with symptomatology and biochemistry.ResultsWe identified 562 early PBC patients (prompt: n = 509; deferred/no treatment: n = 53). Incidence rates (per 1000 patient‐years) for liver‐related mortality or liver transplantation and decompensating events were 0.5 and 5.4, respectively, in the prompt treatment group, and 0 and 8.7, respectively, in the deferred/no treatment group. Multivariate analyses showed that age and bilirubin were significantly associated with developing decompensating events, whereas the prompt and deferred/no treatments were not. We obtained similar results in early PBC patients defined without histological examination.ConclusionsWe showed that deferred/no treatment for early PBC patients did not affect the outcomes. This study provides a rationale for a future prospective, randomized study.
In vitro antioxidant and in vivo xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius in potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic rats
Authors: Shukor Nur Afira Ahmad , Ablat Abdulwali , Muhamad Nur Airina , Mohamad Jamaludin 
Published: February 2018

SummaryXanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in the regulation of uric acid and prevents it from being overproduced as in hyperuricemia disease. The combined effects of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitor would become a promising approach for hyperuricemia treatment. In this research, the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf were evaluated. The leaf water extract (PA‐W) showed highest total phenols, and petroleum ether extract (PA‐PE) showed highest total flavonoids contents. The antioxidant activity of DPPH, metal chelating and hydrogen peroxide was highest in PA‐W extract. The treatment of PA‐W extract at 1000 mg kg−1 body weight in potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic rats showed significant (P < 0.001) decrease in serum uric acid level by 85% and XO activity by 64%, respectively, as compared to the hyperuricemic rats. In conclusion, the P. amaryllifolius possess the dual effect of antioxidant and XO inhibition as potential therapeutic agents in the hyperuricemia treatment.
A comparison of contact force and remote magnetic navigation on lesion formation for the ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Grossi Stefano , Grassi Francesco , Galleani Lorenzo , Bianchi Francesca , Conte Maria Rosa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRationalePulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the method of choice for the treatment of drug‐resistant atrial fibrillation (AF). However, arrhythmia recurrences are frequent due to suboptimal lesions formation and pulmonary vein reconnection. Contact force (CF)‐ and remote magnetic navigation (RMN)‐guided catheters are both capable of improving contact and energy transfer to the tissue, possibly improving PVI outcome.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to compare CF‐ and RMN‐guided PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF in terms of surrogate parameters of the dimension and quality of the lesions.Methods and resultsBetween March 2014 and March 2016, 44 patients affected by paroxysmal AF underwent a circumferential PVI procedure, 22 with a CF catheter and 22 with a RMN catheter. Signals were recorded before and after 30 seconds of radiofrequency point‐by‐point delivery. For each location, signal energy attenuation and impedance drop were evaluated as lesion dimension surrogates and signal fragmentation and shrinkage were estimated as lesion quality surrogates. Statistical analysis shows that CF catheter achieves higher attenuation and impedance drop than RMN‐guided catheter, which instead performs better in terms of shrinkage and fragmentation. There were no differences in terms of PVI rate and sinus rhythm maintenance 1 year after the procedure (77.2% in both groups).ConclusionsCF‐guided catheters produce lesions that are larger but less homogeneous than those produced by RMN‐guided catheters in terms of surrogate parameters. These two features could possibly offset each other, resulting in identical acute and long‐term outcomes.
PeCHYR1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase from Populus euphratica, enhances drought tolerance via ABA‐induced stomatal closure by ROS production in Populus
Authors: He Fang , Wang Hou‐Ling , Li Hui‐Guang , Su Yanyan , Li Shuang , Yang Yanli , Feng Cong‐Hua , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDrought, a primary abiotic stress, seriously affects plant growth and productivity. Stomata play a vital role in regulating gas exchange and drought adaptation. However, limited knowledge exists of the molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal movement in trees. Here, PeCHYR1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, was isolated from Populus euphratica, a model of stress adaptation in forest trees. PeCHYR1 was preferentially expressed in young leaves and was significantly induced by ABA (abscisic acid) and dehydration treatments. To study the potential biological functions of PeCHYR1, transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) plants overexpressing PeCHYR1 were generated. PeCHYR1 overexpression significantly enhanced H2O2 production and reduced stomatal aperture. Transgenic lines exhibited increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA and greater drought tolerance than that of WT (wild‐type) controls. Moreover, up‐regulation of PeCHYR1 promoted stomatal closure and decreased transpiration, resulting in strongly elevated WUE (water use efficiency). When exposed to drought stress, transgenic poplar maintained higher photosynthetic activity and biomass accumulation. Taken together, these results suggest that PeCHYR1 plays a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance via ABA‐induced stomatal closure caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in transgenic poplar plants.
Allelic variation for broad‐spectrum resistance and susceptibility to bacterial pathogens identified in a rice MAGIC population
Authors: Bossa‐Castro Ana M. , Tekete Cheick , Raghavan Chitra , Delorean Emily E. , Dereeper Alexis , Dagno Karim , Koita Ousmane , Mosquera Gloria , Leung Hei , Verdier Valérie , Leach Jan E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryQuantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer broad‐spectrum resistance (BSR), or resistance that is effective against multiple and diverse plant pathogens, have been elusive targets of crop breeding programmes. Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations, with their diverse genetic composition and high levels of recombination, are potential resources for the identification of QTL for BSR. In this study, a rice MAGIC population was used to map QTL conferring BSR to two major rice diseases, bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars (pv.) oryzicola (Xoc) and oryzae (Xoo), respectively. Controlling these diseases is particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa, where no sources of BSR are currently available in deployed varieties. The MAGIC founders and lines were genotyped by sequencing and phenotyped in the greenhouse and field by inoculation with multiple strains of Xoc and Xoo. A combination of genomewide association studies (GWAS) and interval mapping analyses revealed 11 BSR QTL, effective against both diseases, and three pathovar‐specific QTL. The most promising BSR QTL (qXO‐2‐1, qXO‐4‐1 and qXO‐11‐2) conferred resistance to more than nine Xoc and Xoo strains. GWAS detected 369 significant SNP markers with distinguishable phenotypic effects, allowing the identification of alleles conferring disease resistance and susceptibility. The BSR and susceptibility QTL will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of both resistance and susceptibility in the long term and will be immediately useful resources for rice breeding programmes.
Why No Porphyry Copper Deposits in Japan and South Korea?
Authors: Sillitoe Richard H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis analysis concludes that there is little realistic likelihood of discovering large, high‐grade porphyry Cu deposits in Japan and South Korea because of an unusual combination of geological factors. First, weak inter‐plate coupling, trench retreat, and extension – a tectonic regime unfavorable for porphyry Cu formation – appears to have characterized the convergent margin during much of Cretaceous through Neogene time. Second, Cretaceous through Quaternary magmatism involved widespread ash‐flow caldera development, a volcanic style that suppresses porphyry Cu formation because the all‐important Cu‐bearing magmatic fluids – if present – would be explosively discharged during silicic ignimbrite eruption and lost to the atmosphere. Third, due to the trench retreat, crustal profiles beneath Japan are dominated by accretionary complexes containing chemically reduced lithologies, which decrease the redox state of subduction‐related magmas during their ascent. The most reduced intrusions belong to the ilmenite‐series, which may lock up chalcophile elements at depth and produce magmatic fluids that are incapable of transporting the Cu required for significant porphyry deposit formation. Fourth, many of the caldera‐related magmatic rocks, including the principal intrusions, are not only derived by partial melting of reduced crust but are commonly also highly fractionated; hence, any associated mineralization tends to be Mo ± W‐rich rather than Cu dominated. Fifth, intrusive rocks with high Sr/Y, typical of hydrous magmas responsible for porphyry Cu belts worldwide, appear to be present only locally. Sixth, two important magmatic and metallogenic tracts in Japan, the Kuroko‐bearing Green Tuff belt and Kitami low‐sulfidation epithermal Au region, are characterized by bimodal magmatism, which worldwide is compositionally unsuited to porphyry Cu generation. Seventh, the Pliocene‐Quaternary andesitic–dacitic volcanoes that could be the surface expressions of porphyry Cu systems are mostly too shallowly eroded to reveal underlying deposits should they exist. Consequently, few magmatic suites in Japan and South Korea provide propitious environments for porphyry Cu exploration, with the last hope believed to lie at depth below late Miocene–Pliocene advanced argillic lithocaps, several of which contain relatively minor high‐sulfidation epithermal Au mineralization. However, even there, the reduced crust may have militated against effective Cu transport into the porphyry environment. The magmatic and metallogenic factors that downgrade the porphyry Cu potential of Japan and South Korea are believed to be equally applicable to other subduction‐related magmatic arc segments worldwide.
Towards a comprehensive explanation of the development of occupational pension. The interplay between welfare state legacies, industrial relations, and housing regimes in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: De Deken Johan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the interplay between social policies, industrial relations, and housing regimes in order to explain the development of occupational pensions. The structure of statutory provisions and industrial relations of the Bismarckian “latecomer” Belgium make it appear a “most likely case” for a successful transition into “mature” multi‐pillarism. The continued importance of outright homeownership in the retirement package turns out to be a key in explaining that such a transition largely failed in Belgium. In the Netherlands, on the other hand, two financial crises have eroded the apparent advantages of securing the second‐tier function of retirement provisions by relying on prefunded occupational plans and a financialized housing regime. The crises provoked a drift away from the “high road” of second‐pillar pensions, and initiated a process that increases the importance of outright homeownership in the retirement package at the expense of generously funded occupational plans.
When finance captures labor's capital: Dominant personal pensions, resurgent occupational provision in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Naczyk Marek 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile in Western Europe occupational plans dominate private pension provision, coverage of such plans is marginal in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Previous literature has shown the World Bank's instrumental role in persuading CEE countries to divert part of their social security contributions towards mandatory personal pensions. The dominance of the Bank's model of pension privatization from the mid‐1990s largely explains the marginalization of occupational plans. However, as this model has been challenged since the late 2000s, occupational pensions (OPs) have re‐appeared on the agenda. To shed light on the changing politics of OPs, this article focuses on the role of organized interests—namely employers' associations, trade unions, and financial groups—that are key players in Western Europe, but whose role has been understudied in CEE. The article follows these actors' activities in the last three decades of pension politics in Poland, i.e., one of the few CEE countries to have promoted occupational provision. It shows that, although organized interests had limited policy expertise and mainly mobilized social consent for—or opposition to—reform in the early phases of post‐communist pension reform, the growing organizational resources of business groups—in contrast with unions—make them increasingly influential actors in reshaping the contours of CEE private pension provision.
Manufacturing servitisation and duration of exports in China
Authors: Cui Yaqiong , Liu Bin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, manufacturing servitisation has become a growing characteristic of global firms. Firms develop their service factors, to realise more values and increase their international competitiveness. China, as an important manufacturing centre of the world, has abundant manufacturers seeking for getting more involved in the international market. This paper makes use of detailed customs data and firm‐level data from China, to find how the servitisation in China affects the export durations of Chinese manufacturers. The results demonstrate that manufacturing servitisation input in China contributes to export performance. The service factors have become the important production factors in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. However, China is still at the primary stage of manufacturing servitisation, and Chinese manufacturing enterprises should pay more attention to the whole value chain and seek the transformation from a pure manufacturing enterprise to a service manufacturing enterprise.