bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The realization problem for Jørgensen numbers
Authors: Yamashita Yasushi , Yamazaki Ryosuke 
Published: February 2019

Let

G
G

be a two-generator subgroup of

P
S
L

(
2
,

C

)

\mathrm {PSL}(2, \mathbb {C})

. The Jørgensen number

J
(
G
)

J(G)

of

G
G

is defined by
\[

J
(
G
)
=
inf
{

|

t
r

2

A
−
4

|

+

|

t
r

[
A
,
B
]
−
2

|

;

G
=
⟨
A
,
B
⟩
}
.

J(G) = \inf \{ |\mathrm {tr}^2 A-4| + |\mathrm {tr} [A,B]-2| \: ; \: G=\langle A, B\rangle \}.

\]
If

G
G

is a non-elementary Kleinian group, then

J
(
G
)
≥
1

J(G)\geq 1

. This inequality is called Jørgensen’s inequality. In this paper, we show that, for any

r
≥
1

r\geq 1

, there exists a non-elementary Kleinian group whose Jørgensen number is equal to

r
r

. This answers a question posed by Oichi and Sato. We also present our computer generated picture which estimates Jørgensen numbers from above in the diagonal slice of Schottky space.
Within-Person Associations Between Financial Hardship and Cognitive Performance in the PATH Through Life Study
Authors: Kiely Kim M , Anstey Kaarin J , Butterworth Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the within-person associations between the experience of financial hardship and cognitive performance throughout adulthood. Three waves of data provided by 6,343 participants (49% men) were analyzed from a representative community-based sample from Canberra, Australia (2003–2015). The outcome was a composite measure reflecting fluid cognitive abilities. Financial hardship was assessed by markers of scarcity (being unable to heat the home, missing meals, and going without other basic needs) and behavioral responses to hardship (pawning items and seeking help from community welfare organizations). Multivariable-adjusted fixed-effect regression models for panel data with robust standard errors tested time-dependent associations between measures of financial hardship and fluid cognitive abilities. Declines in cognitive performance coincided with the experience of scarcity (β = −0.07; standard error, 0.018). There was no association between behavioral responses to hardship and cognitive performance, and there was no difference in the associations across age cohorts or by sex. There was no evidence that mastery or mental health attenuated the time-dependent link between hardship and cognition. This study provides new evidence that the onset (shock) of financial hardship is a potent stressor associated with occasion-specific deficits in fluid cognitive abilities.
Sex Differences in Aversion-Resistant Ethanol Intake in Mice
Authors: Fulenwider Hannah D , Nennig Sadie E , Price Michaela E , Hafeez Hiba , Schank Jesse R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsCompulsive ethanol intake, characterized by persistent consumption despite negative consequences, is an addictive behavior identified by the DSM-5 as a central criterion in diagnosing alcohol use disorders (AUD). Epidemiological data suggest that females transition from recreational alcohol use to AUD more rapidly than males. Because of this potential sex difference in the etiology of AUD, it is critical to assess addictive behaviors such as compulsive intake in both males and females in preclinical studies.MethodsWe used the model of aversion-resistant ethanol consumption to assess compulsive-like ethanol intake. In these experiments, C57BL6/J mice were first provided with continuous access two-bottle choice between water and ethanol to establish baseline intake. Ethanol solution was then adulterated with increasing concentrations of the bitter tastant quinine hydrochloride. Animals that consume ethanol solution despite its pairing with this negative stimulus are thought to be exhibiting compulsive-like behavior.ResultsWe found that higher concentrations of quinine were required to suppress ethanol consumption in female mice relative to males. We found no effect of estrous cycle phase on baseline ethanol intake or on quinine-adulterated ethanol intake in females.ConclusionsCollectively, these data suggest that females exhibit a higher degree of aversion-resistance than male mice. Because we observed no effect of estrous cycle phase, it is likely that the presence of threshold levels of estradiol or progesterone, as opposed to their natural fluctuation across the estrous cycle, mediates increased aversion-resistance in females. Alternatively, or in combination, developmental effects of sex hormones could contribute to aversion-resistant ethanol intake.
Differential patterns of nitrogen nutrition and growth cost of the indigenous Vachellia sieberiana and the introduced Chromolaena odorata in the savannah environment
Authors: Ndzwanana Zimbini , Tsvuura Zivanai , Valentine Alex J , Pérez-Fernández María A , Magadlela Anathi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVachellia sieberiana fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N) and distributes it back into ecosystems. We hypothesize that biological nitrogen fixation in this plant species is limited by competition from the invasive shrub, Chromolaena odorata. Competition would therefore result in the legume plant switching its limited nitrogen (N) sources in phosphorus-poor soils in savannah ecosystems when resources have to be shared. This study investigated the different patterns of N use and growth costs by a native and an introduced leguminous shrubby species. We propose that the two species sharing the same environment might result in competition. The competitive effect would induce in the indigenous legume to better utilize atmospheric-derived N modifying plant growth kinetics and plant mineral concentrations. Seedlings of V. sieberiana were cultivated in natural soil inoculum with low levels of phosphorus (mg L−1 ± SE) of 3.67 ± 0.88. The experiments were divided into two treatments where (i) seedlings of V. sieberiana were subjected to competition by cultivating them together with seedlings of C. odorata, and (ii) seedlings of V. sieberiana were cultivated independently. Although V. sieberiana was subjected to competition, the N2-fixing bacteria that occupied the nodules was Mesorhizobium species, similar to plants not subjected to competition. Total plant biomass was similar between treatments although V. sieberiana plants subjected to competition accumulated more below-ground biomass and showed higher carbon construction costs than plants growing individually. Total plant phosphorus and nitrogen decreased in seedlings of V. sieberiana under competition, whereas no differences were observed in percent N derived from the atmosphere (%NDFA) between treatments. The specific nitrogen utilization rate (SNUR) was higher in V. sieberiana plants subjected to competition while specific nitrogen absorption rate (SNAR) showed the opposite response. Vachellia sieberiana is highly adapted to nutrient-poor savannah ecosystems and can withstand competition from invasive shrubs by utilizing both atmospheric and soil nitrogen sources.
The transition of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases from -4 to -1 induces aggressive behavior and poor patient survival in dedifferentiated liposarcoma via YAP/TAZ activation
Authors: Shrestha Madhu , Ando Toshinori , Chea Chanbora , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Nishisaka Takashi , Ogawa Ikuko , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Takata Takashi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLiposarcoma (LS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) shows more aggressive biological behavior than that of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS), so advanced therapeutic agents based on molecular mechanism are urgently needed. Here we show that tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) from TIMP-1 to TIMP-4 are differently expressed and regulate yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) in LS. Database analysis showed high TIMP-1 expression in DDLS patients correlating with poor prognosis, but high TIMP-4 expression in WDLS patients with better prognosis. Stable TIMP-1 knockdown inactivated YAP/TAZ and inhibited proliferation, colony formation and migration in DDLS cells, which was rescued by a constitutive active YAP. However, stable overexpression of TIMP-1 showed the opposite in WDLS cells. Stable TIMP-4 knockdown activated YAP/TAZ and promoted proliferation and migration in WDLS cells, which was suppressed by YAP/TAZ inhibitor (verteporfin) or knockdown of YAP/TAZ. Recombinant TIMP-4 showed opposite results in DDLS cells. These results indicate that dedifferentiation in LS shifts the expression of TIMPs from type 4 to type 1, inducing more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis through YAP/TAZ activation, which can be prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LS patients.
Trends in Incidence of Norovirus-associated Acute Gastroenteritis in 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Center Populations in the United States, 2011–2015
Authors: Grytdal Scott , Browne Hannah , Collins Nikail , Vargas Blanca , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Rimland David , Beenhouwer David O , Brown Sheldon T , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Holodniy Mark , Kambhampati Anita , Parashar Umesh , Vinjé Jan , Lopman Ben , Hall Aron J , Cardemil Cristina V 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Norovirus is an important cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE), yet the burden of endemic disease in adults has not been well documented. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of outpatient and community-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE at 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC) (Atlanta, Georgia; Bronx, New York; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles, California) and examined trends over 4 surveillance years.

Methods
From November 2011 to September 2015, stool specimens collected within 7 days of AGE symptom onset for clinician-requested diagnostic testing were tested for norovirus, and positive samples were genotyped. Incidence was calculated by multiplying norovirus prevalence among tested specimens by AGE-coded outpatient encounters and inpatient discharges, and dividing by the number of unique patients served.

Results
Of 1603 stool specimens, 6% tested were positive for norovirus; GII.4 viruses (GII.4 New Orleans [17%] and GII.4 Sydney [47%]) were the most common genotypes. Overall prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired incidence followed a seasonal pattern, with higher median rates during November–April (9.2%, 376/100 000, and 45/100 000, respectively) compared to May–October (3.0%, 131/100 000, and 13/100 000, respectively). An alternate-year pattern was also detected, with highest peak prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus incidence rates in the first and third years of surveillance (14%–25%, 349–613/100 000, and 43–46/100 000, respectively).

Conclusions
This multiyear analysis of laboratory-confirmed AGE surveillance from 4 VAMCs demonstrates dynamic intra- and interannual variability in prevalence and incidence of outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus in US Veterans, highlighting the burden of norovirus disease in this adult population.
Comparison of intra-procedural vs. post-stenting prolonged bivalirudin infusion for residual thrombus burden in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing: the MATRIX (Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by TRansradial Access Site and angioX) OCT study
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Hector M , Picchi Andrea , Sardella Gennaro , Adamo Marianna , Frigoli Enrico , Limbruno Ugo , Rigattieri Stefano , Diletti Roberto , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Zimarino Marco , Contarini Marco , Russo Filippo , Calabro’ Paolo , Andò Giuseppe , Varbella Ferdinando , Garducci Stefano , Palmieri Cataldo , Briguori Carlo , Kuku Kayode O , Rothenbühler Martina , Karagiannis Alexios , Valgimigli Marco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
To compare prolonged bivalirudin infusion vs. an intra-procedural only bivalirudin infusion administration in subjects with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regarding residual stent strut thrombosis.

Methods and results
Multivessel STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and scheduled for a staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before hospital discharge were selected among those allocated to either prolonged bivalirudin or intra-procedural only bivalirudin infusion in the MATRIX (Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by TRansradial Access Site and angioX) Treatment-Duration study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the infarct-related artery was performed at the end of PPCI and 4–5 days thereafter during staged intervention. The predefined endpoint was the percentage difference in the number of stent cross-sections with a thrombotic area >5% at the end of PPCI and at the time of staged PCI (ΔThCS). Between September 2013 and November 2015, 137 were randomized to either intra-procedural only bivalirudin infusion (N = 64) or prolonged bivalirudin (N = 73) at 16 European sites. Mean stent area, minimum lumen area, percentage of malapposed struts, and mean percent thrombotic area were comparable after index or staged PCI. The difference in the proportion of frames with percent thrombotic area >5% (ΔTh > 5%) were −7.7 (−22.1 to 5.1) in the intra-procedural bivalirudin infusion group and −8.8 (−23.1 to 2.6) in the prolonged infusion group (P = 0.994). Time from index to follow-up OCT imaging and the infarct vessel artery did not affect this OCT-based endpoint.

Conclusion
A strategy of prolonged bivalirudin infusion after PPCI did not reduce residual stent strut thrombosis when compared with intra-procedural only bivalirudin infusion administration (funded by The Medicines Company and Terumo; MATRIX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01433627).
Efficacy of a web-based intervention for improving psychosocial well-being in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: the randomized controlled ICD-FORUM trial
Authors: Schulz Stefan M , Ritter Oliver , Zniva Richard , Nordbeck Peter , Wacker Christian , Jack Mary , Groschup Guido , Deneke Thomas , Puppe Frank , Ertl Georg , Angermann Christiane , Störk Stefan , Pauli Paul 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life (QoL) are common in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Treatment options are limited and insufficiently defined. We evaluated the efficacy of a web-based intervention (WBI) vs. usual care (UC) for improving psychosocial well-being in ICD patients with elevated psychosocial distress.

Methods and results
This multicentre, randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 118 ICD patients with increased anxiety or depression [≥6 points on either subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)] or reduced QoL [≤16 points on the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)] from seven German sites (mean age 58.8 ± 11.3 years, 22% women). The primary outcome was a composite assessing change in heart-focused fear, depression, and mental QoL 6 weeks after randomization to WBI or UC, stratified for age, gender, and indication for ICD placement. Web-based intervention consisted of 6 weeks’ access to a structured interactive web-based programme (group format) including self-help interventions based on cognitive behaviour therapy, a virtual self-help group, and on-demand support from a trained psychologist. Linear mixed-effects models analyses showed that the primary outcome was similar between groups (η p 2 = 0.001). Web-based intervention was superior to UC in change from pre-intervention to 6 weeks (overprotective support; P = 0.004, η p 2 = 0.036), pre-intervention to 1 year (depression, P = 0.004, η p 2 = 0.032; self-management, P = 0.03, η p 2 = 0.015; overprotective support; P = 0.02, η p 2 = 0.031), and 6 weeks to 1 year (depression, P = 0.02, η p 2 = 0.026; anxiety, P = 0.03, η p 2 = 0.022; mobilization of social support, P = 0.047, η p 2 = 0.018).

Conclusion
Although the primary outcome was neutral, this is the first RCT showing that WBI can improve psychosocial well-being in ICD patients.
Resolution and Covariance of the LLNL-G3D-JPS Global Seismic Tomography Model: Applications to Travel time Uncertainty and Tomographic Filtering of Geodynamic Models
Authors: Simmons N A , Schuberth B S A , Myers S C , Knapp D R 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARY
Resolution and covariance of global seismic tomography models are most often unknown quantities. However, there are many potential applications of these matrices in the broad solid Earth research community as well as more focused scientific groups including the nuclear explosion monitoring research community. In this study, we construct both the resolution and covariance matrices for the recent LLNL-G3D-JPS global joint model of P- and S-wave velocity. The global model consists of &gt;1 million free parameters, creating matrices with &gt;1 trillion elements. Given the scale of the problem and computational limitations, we used a custom method to calculated impulse responses at every node in the earth model and produced sparse, yet representative, resolution and covariance matrices that can be practically used for several real applications. We apply the matrices to real problems as example use cases. Utilizing the covariance matrix, we computed traveltime uncertainties for thousands of P waves emanating from (or coming to) specified points around the globe and constructed maps of the traveltime error to illustrate the variability of path-specific traveltime uncertainty. Utilizing the resolution matrix as a tomographic filter, we converted geodynamically derived renditions of Earth structure to images that may be visible through the often-distorted lens of seismic tomography.
Enhancing the Value Chain to Increase Customer Satisfaction and Build Successful Breast Imaging Practices
Authors: Loving Vilert A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The US health care industry is increasingly shifting to a value seeking mindset. The breast imaging value chain elucidates how breast imaging radiologists generate and deliver value to their customers, who include both patients and referring health care providers. The breast imaging value chain can be used by radiologists to improve operational effectiveness and to plan new value creation strategically. The overarching goals are increased customer satisfaction and successful practices.
Breast Radiologists: Extenders of Primary Care
Authors: Dahl Daniel W , Huynh Phan T 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe health care industry has seen many changes in recent years. Gradually, the traditional volume-based fee-for-service health care system is being replaced by the patient-centered, value-based, pay-for-performance model. In response to this, the American College of Radiology has developed an initiative coined Imaging 3.0: a blueprint to help guide our profession through this transition in health care delivery. Radiologists are an integral part of the health care system, and they greatly affect patient care; however, we have progressively become less visible as a specialty. It is time that we, as radiologists, broaden our role in patient care. As breast radiologists, we are uniquely qualified to usher in this new era of medicine. We have the skill set to provide comprehensive breast care. We are actively involved in early breast cancer detection, pre-imaging patient-care decisions, imaging work-ups, diagnosis, care coordination, treatment, and follow-up. We have set the gold standard for concise structured reporting and follow-up recommendations with the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon, which offers value to our clinician colleagues. Our broad knowledge and role in breast conditions, patient relationships, and other noninterpretive skills offers personalized care and expertise that allows for the best, safest, most cost-effective, and efficient service for the patient and health care industry. Our comprehensive care provides direct interaction and education, decreases radiation exposure, and saves patients time and money. It also benefits the health care industry by improving throughput, reducing waste, and eliminating inefficiencies in the system. As breast radiologists, we are uniquely qualified to usher in this new era of radiology.
The gravitational force field of the Galaxy measured from the kinematics of RR Lyrae in Gaia
Authors: Wegg Christopher , Gerhard Ortwin , Bieth Marie 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
From a sample of 15651 RR Lyrae with accurate proper motions in Gaia DR2, we measure the azimuthally averaged kinematics of the inner stellar halo between 1.5  and 20  kpc from the Galactic centre. We find that their kinematics are strongly radially anisotropic, and their velocity ellipsoid nearly spherically aligned over this volume. Only in the inner regions ${\lesssim } 5\, {\rm kpc}\,$ does the anisotropy significantly fall (but still with β &gt; 0.25) and the velocity ellipsoid tilt towards cylindrical alignment. In the inner regions, our sample of halo stars rotates at up to $50\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}\,$, which may reflect the early history of the Milky Way, although there is also a significant angular momentum exchange with the Galactic bar at these radii. We subsequently apply the Jeans equations to these kinematic measurements in order to non-parametrically infer the azimuthally averaged gravitational acceleration field over this volume, and by removing the contribution from baryonic matter, measure the contribution from dark matter. We find that the gravitational potential of the dark matter is nearly spherical with average flattening $q_\Phi ={1.01 \pm 0.06\, }$ between 5 and 20 kpc, and by fitting parametric ellipsoidal density profiles to the acceleration field, we measure the flattening of the dark matter halo over these radii to be $q_\rho ={1.00 \pm 0.09\, }\!.$
Success Rate of Intra-articular Sacroiliac Joint Injection: Fluoroscopy vs Ultrasound Guidance—A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Stelzer Wolfgang , Stelzer Dominik , Stelzer Elisabeth , Sammer Andreas , Aichner Elisabeth , Braune Monika , Schneider Byron J , Duller C , Feigl Georg 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Given the unacceptably high miss rates of non-image-guided injections into the sacroiliac joint, either fluoroscopy or ultrasound is recommended for guidance. The real success rate of both techniques was assessed by cadaver dissection.

Methods
Twenty bodies donated to science (40 joints: 15 female and 5 male) were investigated bilaterally. Fluoroscopy and a lower ultrasound-guided approach were performed in 10 bodies each. Conditions during puncture, the subjective feeling of the needle being intra-articular, and, for fluoroscopic guidance, the intra-articular spread of the contrast were assessed. First, 0.5 cc of Iopamidol was injected, followed by 2 mL of red-colored latex. The spread was investigated by dissection via anterior opening of the sacroiliac joint and the dorsal ligaments.

Results
Ultrasound guidance was used in 1/20 (5%, 95% CI = 0.9–23.6%) intra-articular injections. In 19/20 (95%, 95% CI = 0.9–23.6%) cases, latex spread in the interosseous sacroiliac ligament was used. Conditions of structural visibility were classified as good in 11/20 (55%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases, puncture condition as good in 16/20 (80%, 95% CI = 58.4–91.9%) cases, and subjective feeling of the needle being intra-articular was present in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases. Fluoroscopy showed an intra-articular injection in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases. The structure visibility in fluoroscopy was good in 9/20 (45%, 95% CI = 25.8–65.8%), puncture conditions good in 8/20 (40%, 95% CI = 21.9–61.3%), intra-articular contrast spread visible in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%), and subjective feeling of being intra-articular was present in 17/20 (85%, 95% CI = 64.0–94.8%) cases.

Conclusions
Fluoroscopy clearly showed a higher success rate of intra-articular sacroiliac joint injection.