bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Chromium Metal Organic Framework for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Chong K C , Lau W J , Lai S O , Thiam H S , Ismail A F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Air pollution is a widely discussed topic in both academic and industry sectors, especially in the developing countries. According to the risk assessment report from the Global Burden of Disease Study conducted in 2010, air pollution had caused 6.85 million deaths globally and out of 4.3 million from these numbers is attributed by the indoor air pollution. Government regulatory bodies in most of the countries impose strict regulatory on the CO2 limit in the indoor air condition. CO2 is captured by several methods such as solvent adsorption, physical adsorption, cryogenic fractionation and membrane system. Recently, metal organic frameworks (MOF) such as MIL-100(Cr) have been identified as attractive material for CO2 adsorption as it requires low energy consumption and relatively moderate production volume, if compared to the conventional gas adsorption techniques. These advantages have spurred much interest from industries and academics to speed up the commercial viability of the CO2adsorption by MOF. In this work, the effect of metal oxide loading on the CO2 absorption by chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate and trimesic acid were investigate. The fabricated MOF were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to observe its surface morphology and composition. The SEM morphology suggested that Cr-TA-3 possesses highest surface area to volume ratio attributed to the formation of agglomerate of crystal rod structure. In this paper, CO2 gas adsorption was carried bythemogravimetricanalyzer (TGA). The gas adsorption result indicated Cr-TA-3 recorded the highest CO2 adsorption at 0.038 mmol/g. The results obtained from this study suggested that MOF fabricated by chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate and trimesic acid possesses the potential to be applied in CO2 absorption.
Development of 3D printer for functionally graded material using fused deposition modelling method
Authors: Tey J Y , Teh D , Yeo W H , Shak K P Y , Saw L H , Lee T S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
3D printing employed in additive manufacturing, converts digital data based on a computer-aided design (CAD) model into an object by adding material layer by layer. Unlike subtractive manufacturing, complex geometries can be printed with minimal wastage. The additive manufacturing process for 3D printers features several types of technology ranging from fused deposition modelling (FDM), laser sintering, stereolithography and laser melting to binder jetting and others. However, these technologies are limited to process one material at a time, which poses a challenge to print functionally graded material (FGM). This difficulty can be overcome by offering a unique solution which is proposed in this paper - by applying FDM customized with an extrusion screw to incorporate mixing and blending of the polymer matrix and filler as a continuous process during printing. The intent of this technique is to ease the production of FGMs (which vary in mechanical, electrical and texture gradually over volume) by incorporating additional filler into the polymer matrix during printing. Therefore, it could enable users to design and produce FGMs in a single printing process. A unique controllable mixer design is embedded in the printer to allow users to process and mix up bi-materials by varying the mixing ratio of two materials as required during the printing process. Through programmable logic controller (PLC), the printer is able to map the variation in material properties and control the mixing ratio required to achieve functionally graded 3D material.
Improvement of acoustic water leak detection based on dual tree complex wavelet transform-correlation method
Authors: Ting L L , Tey J Y , Tan A C , King Y J , Faidz A R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Water leakage is one of the important agendas across the globe thus several effectual systems for leakage detection had been developed with the aim to improve sustainable use of water. Among the methods, acoustic leak detection technique had been proven as a promising approach to detect and localize leaks in water or gas pipeline. However, existence of noise in acoustic signals complicated the leak detection practices. Traditional de-noising methods like filtering and wavelet de-noising are not suitable for non-stationary and broadband acoustic signals. Therefore, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) is applied in this paper to reduce acoustic noise and decompose signals into several frequency bands. DTCWT decomposition is intended to resolve the problem encountered by the typical correlation-based leak localization method. Due to dispersive and frequency-dependent nature of wave propagation, correlation-based method normally assumes constant wave velocity which results in inaccurate leak source localization. In this paper, signal will be de-noised and decomposed by employing DTCWT. Wave velocity is evaluated based on the dominant frequency and dispersion curve. Then, time delay can be estimated via comparison study among cross correlation, CWT localization and convolution. CWT localization and convolution are proposed as new time-delay estimation method attributable to enhance localization accuracy. Experimental results validated that the proposed method, DTCWT-correlation outperforms other methods with a localization error of 4.67 %. Both CWT localization and convolution are also capable to pinpoint the location of leaks. Besides, leaking and non-leaking condition can be differentiated after multilevel decomposition of DTCWT.
Investigation of wax deposition prevention by using n-heptane for sustainable energy production from Fang oilfield
Authors: Min H M , Maneeintr K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Waxy crude oils are normally found in petroleum reservoirs. Crude oil from wax formation is one of the crucial problems for flow assurance of pipeline transportation in oil and gas production. This issue can commonly cause wax deposition problem and it has made huge amount of economic loses such as production, time and maintenance cost. Therefore, it is a critical aspect to deal with wax deposition for crude oil flow assurance, especially in cold climate surface region. Nowadays, there are many methods that have been applied to reduce the wax deposition. In general, three methods are commonly utilized, mechanical, thermal and chemical ones. Among them, the usage of chemicals is commonly used in field because they can be applied easily rather than other techniques. In this study, n-heptane is select to study the prevention the wax deposition because its property can reduce the pour point and wax deposit of crude oil. It is easily available as well. Therefore, the aim of this research is investigate the effects of temperature and different chemical concentration on pour point and wax deposition of crude oil at three different temperature ranging from 35 to 55 °C by applying cold finger method. Also, the pour point of crude oil is measured with different n-heptane concentrations by ASTM method. Moreover, the effect of different chemical concentrations on wax appearance temperature (WAT) is examined the temperature between from 80 °C to 40 °C with three different shear rates by viscometry method. From the results, it is reported that the total wax deposits from the cold finger depend on the amount of chemical concentration used. WAT with 20% n-heptane provides the highest performance for WAT reduction with 41 °C. Compared to 5%, 10% and 15% n-heptane concentration, WATs are reduced to 45 °C, 44 °C and 43 °C, respectively. For the pour point results, the higher amount of n-heptane concentration offers the higher reduction in pour point temperature and pour points are reduced significantly from original pour point at 36 °C to 34 °C, 30 °C, 26 °C and 22 °C with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% n-heptane, respectively. It is also found that the amount of total wax deposits decrease when chemical concentrations increase. Moreover, the decline of temperature is found as one of the main factors to cause more wax deposition. There is a highest wax deposit reduction rate with 20% n-heptane at different temperatures compared to other concentration. The wax deposition is reduced over 50% for each concentration. Therefore, this result is useful for the application of wax deposition, pour point and WAT studies in the crude oil production with less damaging environment for sustainable energy production.
BIM-based Approach for Green Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Khoshdelnezamiha G , Liew S C , Bong V N S , Ong D E L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The construction industry in Malaysia faces a number of complications in terms of managing project duration and budgeted cost. The recent technology trend has moved the industry towards adoption of Building Information modelling (BIM) as a mean to efficiently plan, design, build, manage and control projects. Since BIM is perceived as a holistic solution for integration of various project attributes, this research has hypothesised that additional objectives such as sustainability and green building design can simultaneously be achieved if appropriate BIM approach is implemented. The main scope of this research is to introduce a framework for integration of Malaysian Green Building Index (GBI) with existing Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools. The proposed GBI-BIM framework is made possible via the introduction of a set of supporting tools such as Revit Green Project Template (RGPT) and GBI Document Assessor that assist designers to automatically analyse and assess 56 out of 100 GBI points during the design stage.
Comprehensive analysis of active and passive daylighting towards power savings in an office room
Authors: Obianuju Onubogu Nneka , Chong Kok-Keong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive method is presented to simulate illuminance distribution for two office room designs with same area of 7.8 m2 each: room 1 has a window whilst room 2 has no window. The integration of passive daylighting system and light emitting diodes (LEDs) is adopted for illuminating room 1, while the integration of active daylighting system and LED lighting is adopted for illuminating room 2. The effectiveness and power savings are analysed for the aforementioned two cases. The impact of using LED lighting to control the illuminance and light distribution (uniformity) of light is also studied. For both cases, simulation was performed for a selected day under three sky conditions: clear sky, mixed sky and overcast sky using a software called DIALux 4.13 to obtain the average illuminance in the rooms and the power saved via the use of active and passive daylighting systems. Results obtained showed that active and passive daylighting systems are both effective for power savings depending on the location of rooms and time of the day. Also, active daylighting system is more effective under clear sky, while passive daylighting system can be effective under clear or mixed sky.
Wireless Power Transfer Technology Using Resonant Technique
Authors: Yee Yong Ching , Fen Chen Kok 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a kind of technology by transferring the electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without the use of wire or conductor. Nowadays, electricity power is very important in our daily life. People use portable electronic devices to improve their routine work. The portable electronic devices are connected to power socket for their power supply. However, it is not convenient to people due to the length of the wire and they are unable to move far from the power socket. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to investigate a wireless power transfer technology using resonant technique. The proposed model was designed and pre-tested by Multisim. An efficient and compact wireless power transfer using resonant technique was proposed and a wireless power supply system for low power electronic devices was developed. The design of the system is to transfer the low power for electronic devices from transmitter to receiver coils. The input DC power is 12 V and the magnetic field passes through resonator and causes the energy to build up. As the result, the voltage and current of LED (acts as load) are 0.668 V and 0.01 mA respectively with the distance of 5 cm. In order to smoothen the peak voltages, a capacitor and a diode were used as a filter and rectifier respectively in the circuit. Resonance inductive coupling is widely used for mid-range transmission distance due to its simplicity in system design. The optimum distance for harvesting the highest voltage is 3.5 cm apart. The efficiency of power transmitted was 41.6 %. The transmission of power is only affected by the metal made component which is placed near to it. Wireless power transfer is convenient, reliable, low cost, safer and environmentally sound. In conclusion, the wireless power transfer using resonance induction coupling is more efficient if compared with inductive coupling and electromagnetic wave. The power can transfer with a longer distance and safely by using this technique.
Compatibilized recycled polymers/clay as a matrix for rice husk composites: mechanical and physical properties
Authors: Shan Chen Ruey , Ahmad Sahrim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The growing green technological trend towards waste utilization and cost reduction has gained the industrial attention in the use of agricultural waste as a value added filler material. This research addresses a simple fabrication of greenly bionanocomposites made from polyethylene (rHDPE), recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), nanoclay and rice husk (RH), with and without ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) or maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) compatibilizer, using a two-step twin-screw extrusion followed by hot/cold pressing. Results showed the positive effect in elongation at break and impact strength upon the reinforcement of nanoclay with the aids of compatibilizer as compared to the neat polyolefin blend. By adding RH, the flexural properties were found to increase remarkably up to 3.6 times than the blend matrix. It was found that the addition of compatibilizer, especially E-GMA, lowered the water absorption and thickness swelling of bionanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the improved compatibility of nanoclay with polymer blend upon the addition of compatibilizer. It can be concluded that the synergy effects of hybrid reinforcements of rice husk fibre and nanoclay in the recycled polymer blend have achieved while maintaining environmental appeal.
Review on Numerical Simulations for Solidification & Melting of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM)
Authors: Irwan M A M , Nor Azwadi C S , Asako Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A review on numerical simulations performed for solidification and melting process of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM) is reported. The studies were conducted to understand the factors influencing the outcome such as nanoparticle fraction in the mixture, nanoparticle size, boundary conditions imposed and container geometry. It was found that while most studies investigated particle fraction effect, very few was conducted on the effect of nanoparticle size and shape. The numerical models applied to simulate the numerical works were compared. Most researchers applied enthalpy-porosity formulation coupled with finite volume method to perform the simulations. Most models solved a single macroscale domain at each iteration by assuming NEPCM as a single-phase substance which resulted in no attempt to model it as a two-phase substance which requires multidomain approach. Such dilemma is avoided when mesoscale method (Lattice Boltzmann Method - LBM) is applied.
Low Grade Heat Power Generation using Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Julaihie K , Abu Bakar R , Bhathal Singh B , Remeli M , Oberoi A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Over years, researches on power generation from low grade heat energy sources have been increasing rapidly as it will be beneficial towards environment, human lives and also for long term sustainability. Due to its biggest potential and advantages, thermoelectric generator has been reliably used to generate electricity. In this project, an experiment on power generation using thermoelectric generator by employing low grade heat (<150 °C) energy source was carried out. The main purpose of this project was to generate useful electricity using thermoelectric generator and to investigate the quality of heat exchanger in enhancing the performance of thermoelectric generator. A prototype heat exchanger was used to carry out this experiment. The heat exchanger was tested with varied hot and cold water supply to study the effect of temperature difference on the thermoelectric generators. For this project, the highest output power obtained was 0.98 W and the maximum efficiency was 1.91%.
Electrochemical performance of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ cathode in air and wet air for BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-based proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Abdul Samat Abdullah , Rao Somalu Mahendra , Muchtar Andanastuti , Osman Nafisah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes often suffer from degradation resulting from different contaminations such as water vapour from air during high-temperature operation. Thus, humidity-resistant electrode materials must be developed for SOFC application. In this work, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) material is prepared by sol-gel method and evaluated as a potential cathode to be operated with proton-conducting electrolyte of BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3 (BCZY) at intermediate temperature (500 – 800 °C). An LSC|BCZY|LSC symmetrical cell is fabricated by screen printing an LSC cathode ink onto a BCZY electrolyte pellet. The electrochemical performance of the LSC cathode for the fabricated symmetrical cell in air and wet air is characterised using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyser. EIS results revealed that the area specific resistance value of the LSC cathode in wet air is lower than that in air at temperatures ranging from 600 °C (0.35 Ω cm2) to 800 °C (0.06 Ω cm2) with a low value of activation energy (0.70 eV). Hence, the LSC cathode exhibits better electrocatalytic activity and performance in wet air than in air. This work suggests that the LSC material meets the requirements for application as a cathode in intermediate-temperature proton-conducting SOFC based on BCZY electrolyte.
Performance analysis of a counter-flow indirect evaporative cooling system
Authors: Cui Xin , Jia Guosheng , Liu Yilin , Zhang Sicong , Jin Liwen , Meng Xiangzhao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A counter-flow regenerative indirect evaporative heat exchanger (RIEHX) was introduced and investigated. This paper aims to conduct an experimental study for the RIEHX to investigate the cooling performance under different operating conditions. The experimental prototype was able to adjust the inlet air flow rate and temperature. The thermal performance of the RIEHX was tested with variable inlet conditions. The experimental results have demonstrated that the supply air can be effectively cooled along the product air flow passages by transferring heat to the wet side of the RIEHX due to water evaporation. Under a constant inlet air velocity, the product air with a higher inlet temperature can obtain a larger temperature reduction. In addition, a lower air flow rate may enhance the cooling effect due to the increased contact duration between the air streams. The proposed system is able to improve the cooling effectiveness of the conventional plate-type indirect evaporative cooler.
Feasibility of Biohydrogen Purification from Carbon Dioxide Mixture via Integrated Microalgae-Membrane Contactor Towards Zero Carbon Emission
Authors: Izni Yusoff Izzati , Rohani Rosiah , Sobri Takriff Mohd 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Biohydrogen (H2) mixed with carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from the fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) could be a potential renewable energy source. However, an effective technique to treat both gases towards zero carbon emission has become a major concern. In this study, a new approach was introduced to treat H2/CO2 mixture from POME fermentation by an integrated microalgae-membrane contactor system. Polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibre membrane used in the integrated membrane contactor system abled to give the highest purified H2% from mixed H2/CO2 in the microalgae liquid absorbent (Chlorella Vulgaris) (69.4%) followed by Bold Basal Medium (BBM) (59.1%) and distilled water (55.9%). This initial result showed that the microalgae possessed better ability to absorb CO2 into the liquid stream via the PVDF membrane contactor. Next, investigation on optimizing the system’s operational parameters using BBM as liquid absorbent showed the highest CO2 absorption flux and efficiency were obtained at initial solution pH of 10. Further investigation showed that the absorption efficiency was enhanced as the liquid flow rate increased up to 0.4 L/min and the gas flow rate was at 0.1 L/min. Upon utilizing 0.6 g/L microalgae, the purified H2% found to remarkably increase up to 83.2%. In conclusion, the use of the developed integrated microalgae-membrane contactor system to purify the bio-H2 from CO2 mixture is a promising alternative method for zero carbon emission especially in palm oil industry.
Maximum Demand Management: An overlooked energy saving opportunity in industries
Authors: Ayyappan Preethy , Kumar Jeyanandan , Kumar Venkiteswaran Vinod 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Maximum demand management is always overlooked as an energy saving opportunity in industry. Maximum demand charge is part of total electricity charges of an Industrial energy tariff and contributes around 20% of the total electrical energy bill. An energy audit conducted in an Industry revealed an opportunity of reducing the total plant maximum demand of average from 2736 kW to 2220 kW saving up to RM 17,000 on an average/month. The paper briefs the process re-engineering and technologies that could be used in the plant to reduce up to 20% Maximum demand charges from the total electricity bill. This can bring in a significant saving with minimal investment and is sustainable.