bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A signature pattern of cortical atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies: A study on 333 patients from the European DLB consortium
Authors: Oppedal Ketil , Ferreira Daniel , Cavallin Lena , Lemstra Afina W. , ten Kate Mara , Padovani Alessandro , Rektorova Irena , Bonanni Laura , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Engedal Knut , Nobili Flavio , Kramberger Milica , Taylor John‐Paul , Hort Jakub , Snædal Jon , Blanc Frederic , Walker Zuzana , Antonini Angelo , Westman Eric , Aarsland Dag ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe explored regional brain atrophy patterns and their clinical correlates in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsIn this multicentre study, we included a total of 333 patients with DLB, 352 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 233 normal controls and used medial temporal lobe atrophy, posterior atrophy, and frontal atrophy (GCA‐F) visual rating scales. Patients were classified according to four atrophy patterns.ResultsPatients with DLB had higher scores on all the three atrophy scales than normal controls but had less medial temporal lobe atrophy than those with AD (all P values < .001). A signature hippocampal‐sparing pattern of regional atrophy was observed in DLB. The magnetic resonance imaging measures showed 65% ability to discriminate between DLB and AD and marginally contributed to the discrimination over and above the core clinical features.DiscussionThe most common pattern of atrophy of DLB was hippocampal‐sparing. Future studies should explore whether comorbid AD pathology underlies the atrophy patterns seen in DLB.
Lucretius on the Nature of Parental Love
Authors: McConnell Sean 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper outlines the full details of Lucretius’ treatment of parental love. It shows that Lucretius is faithful to Epicurus’ notorious claim that parental love is not natural: in addition to orthodox Epicurean hedonist concerns, Lucretius asserts that children do not ‘belong to’ their parents by nature; as such, even though parental love is now ubiquitous and indeed a cultural norm, there is no basis for the naturalness of parental love. This model of the relationship between parents and children does not, however, apply in the case of certain animals, who do have natural parental love for their offspring. Focussing on two famous scenes, the sacrifice of Iphigenia and the forlorn heifer seeking her sacrificed calf, the paper argues that, by highlighting the fragility of human parental love in comparison to that of the animals, Lucretius brings to his Roman readers’ attention the relative weakness of the familial ties that bond human beings together. At the same time, he emphasises the need to maintain these ties, if social and political concord, with all its benefits, is to continue. It transpires that unlocking the details of Lucretius’ treatment of parental love brings a key lesson of the poem into clearer focus.
Vitalis or Vitalinis? A Roman Grave-Marker for an Eight-Year-Old Girl
Authors: McWilliam Janette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a Latin funerary stele, now in the R. D. Milns Antiquities Museum at the University of Queensland, which does not appear in any of the major epigraphic collections or data bases. In doing so, this paper addresses questions pertaining to its date of manufacture and the name form of the deceased child commemorated on the tombstone. This study suggests that the date originally proposed for the memorial is too early, as it is neither Augustan nor Claudian but instead was produced in the period between the Neronian era and the second centuryad. It also offers a revision regarding the name of the eight-year-old girl commemorated on the memorial. It does this by examining the development and use ofcognominarelated to the name formVitalis,as, to date, no studies have looked at this name form in detail. It demonstrates that from the first centurybcthrough to the fourth and fifth centuriesad,Vitalis, -iswas used as a name form for both males and females. The n-inflectedVitalis, -inisthen developed as a name form for females in the Imperial period. As such, the name form originally given to the girl commemorated on the memorial needs to be corrected: she isVitalis, -inisrather thanVitalinis, -inis.
Modified Visual Magnetic Resonance Rating Scale for Evaluation of Patients with Forgetfulness
Authors: Yalciner Betul Z. , Kandemir Melek , Taskale Sencan , Tepe Savas M. , Unay Devrim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs cognitive impairment increases with age, sulcal atrophy (SA) and the enlargement of the ventricles also increase. Considering the measurements on the previously proposed visual scales, a new scale is proposed in this study that allows us to evaluate the atrophy, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), basal ganglia infarct (BGI), and infratentorial infarct (ITI) together. Our aim of this study is to propose a practical and standardized MRI for the clinicians to be used in daily practice.MethodsA total of 97 patients older than 60 years and diagnosed with depression or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are included. Cranial MRI, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), detailed neuropsychometric tests, and depression scales are applied to all patients. The SA, ventricular atrophy (VA), medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), periventricular WMH (PWMH), subcortical WMH (SCWMH), BGI, and ITI are scored according to the scale. The total score is also recorded.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 74.53, and the mean MMSE score was 22.7 in the degenerative group and 27.8 in the non-degenerative group. Among the patients, 50 were diagnosed with AD. All parameters significantly increased with age. In the degenerative group, SA, VA, MTA, PWMH, SCWMH, and total scores were found to be significantly higher. Sensitivities of VA, PWMH, SCWMH, and total scores, as well as both sensitivity and specificities of MTA score, were observed to be high. When they were combined, sensitivities and specificities were found to be high.ConclusionThe scale is observed to be predictive in discriminating degenerative and non-degenerative processes. This discrimination is important, particularly in depressive patients complaining of forgetfulness.
Medical Spending for the 2001 Anthrax Letter Attacks
Authors: Zacchia Nicholas A. , Schmitt Ketra 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis paper assesses the total medical costs associated with the US anthrax letter attacks of 2001. This information can be used to inform policies, which may help mitigate the potential economic impacts of similar bioterrorist attacks.MethodsJournal publications and news reports were reviewed to establish the number of people who were exposed, were potentially exposed, received prophylactics, and became ill. Where available, cost data from the anthrax letter attacks were used. Where data were unavailable, high, low, and best cost estimates were developed from the broader literature to create a cost model and establish economic impacts.ResultsMedical spending totaled approximately $177 million.ConclusionsThe largest expenditures stemmed from self-initiated prophylaxis (worried well): people who sought prophylactic treatment without any indication that they had been exposed to anthrax letters. This highlights an area of focus for mitigating the economic impacts of future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:539-546)
Anthrax Exposure, Belief in Exposure, and Postanthrax Symptoms Among Survivors of a Bioterrorist Attack on Capitol Hill
Authors: Chiao Stephanie , Kipen Howard , Hallman William K. , Pollio David E. , North Carol S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundFollowing chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear disasters, medically unexplained symptoms have been observed among unexposed persons.ObjectivesThis study examined belief in exposure in relation to postdisaster symptoms in a volunteer sample of 137 congressional workers after the 2001 anthrax attacks on Capitol Hill.MethodsPostdisaster symptoms, belief in exposure, and actual exposure status were obtained through structured diagnostic interviews and self-reported presence in offices officially designated as exposed through environmental sampling. Multivariate models were tested for associations of number of postdisaster symptoms with exposure and belief in exposure, controlling for sex and use of antibiotics.ResultsThe sample was divided into 3 main subgroups: exposed, 41%; unexposed but believed they were exposed, 17%; and unexposed and did not believe that they were exposed, 42%. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of the volunteers reported experiencing symptoms after the anthrax attacks. Belief in anthrax exposure was significantly associated with the number of ear/nose/throat, musculoskeletal, and all physical symptoms. No significant associations were found between anthrax exposure and the number of postdisaster symptoms.ConclusionsGiven the high incidence of these symptoms, these data suggest that even in the absence of physical injury or illness, there may be surges in health care utilization. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:555-560)
Methods of Election Manipulation and the Likelihood of Post-Election Protest
Authors: Harvey Cole J. , Mukherjee Paula 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe risk of popular protest is one of the few deterrents against election manipulation in authoritarian regimes and unconsolidated democracies, but why are some fraudulent elections met with popular protest while others are not? We use data from elections in 108 countries, from 1980 to 2004, to show that the regime’s choice of election manipulation tactics affects the likelihood of post-election protest. Leaders signal their strength and resources by manipulating elections, but some manipulation tactics send stronger signals than others. We find that opposition groups are more likely to protest when relatively cheap administrative fraud is employed, but not when more costly forms of manipulation – extra-legal mobilization and voter intimidation – are used. This study demonstrates the importance of accounting for variation in electoral manipulation tactics, and the information communicated by those tactics, in explaining post-election protest and the stability of electoral authoritarian and newly democratic regimes.
A Comparative Analysis of Black Racial Group Consciousness in the United States and Britain
Authors: Laniyonu Ayobami 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtant scholarship on black politics has demonstrated the mobilizing effect that racial group consciousness can have on African American political participation. Few studies, however, test for or compare the political impact of group consciousness across national contexts. This paper presents an empirical comparison of group consciousness and its relationship with political behavior among black Americans and black Britons. Mobilizing two nationally representative surveys from the United States and Britain and a multi-dimensional measure of group consciousness, the findings presented here suggest that while elements of racial group consciousness are present among blacks in both societies, racial group consciousness is generally more prevalent and politically significant among blacks in the United States. For example, blacks in Britain are less likely to view blacks as occupying a fundamentally marginalized structural position and less likely to endorse race specific interventions that might address that marginalization. Results from regression analysis further suggest that while strong racial (rather than national) group attachment negatively affects the likelihood that blacks will vote in both countries, other elements of group consciousness are more strongly associated with participation among blacks in the United States than in Britain.
A Paleolithic diet lowers resistant starch intake but does not affect serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in healthy women
Authors: Genoni Angela , Lo Johnny , Lyons-Wall Philippa , Boyce Mary C. , Christophersen Claus T. , Bird Anthony , Devine Amanda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Paleolithic diet excludes two major sources of fibre, grains and legumes. However, it is not known whether this results in changes to resistant starch (RS) consumption. Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced mainly from colonic fermentation and hepatic conversion of animal protein and is implicated in CVD, but changes in RS intake may alter concentrations. We aimed to determine whether intake of RS and serum concentrations of TMAO varied in response to either the Paleolithic or the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) diets and whether this was related to changes in food group consumption. A total of thirty-nine women (mean age 47 (sd 13) years, BMI 27 (sd 4) kg/m2) were randomised to AGHE (n 17) or Paleolithic diets (n 22) for 4 weeks. Serum TMAO concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography–MS; food groups, fibre and RS intake were estimated from weighed food records. The change in TMAO concentrations between groups (Paleolithic 3·39 μmv. AGHE 1·19 μm, P = 0·654) did not reach significance despite greater red meat and egg consumption in the Paleolithic group (0·65 serves/d; 95 % CI 0·2, 1·1; P <0·01, and 0·22 serves/d; 95 % CI 0·1, 0·4, P <0·05, respectively). RS intake was significantly lower on the Paleolithic diet (P <0·01) and was not associated with TMAO concentrations. However, the limited data for RS and the small sample size may have influenced these findings. While there were no significant changes in TMAO concentrations, increased meat consumption and reduced RS intake warrant further research to examine the markers of gastrointestinal health of Paleolithic diet followers and to update Australian food databases to include additional fibre components.
Recent Preferential Trade Agreements’ Disciplines for Tackling Regulatory Divergence in Services: How Far beyond GATS?
Authors: Gari Gabriel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper reviews the disciplines for tackling regulatory divergence in services included in 23 PTAs entered into by China, the EU, Japan, and the USA. It identifies a remarkable expansion in the number and extent of disciplines on regulatory transparency, regulatory coherence, and regulatory cooperation compared with GATS, which, subject to adequate implementation, will allow these agreements to deliver a degree of market integration well beyond what could be achieved simply by removing market access restrictions and discriminatory measures from the rule book. However, the paper calls for some restraint when estimating the potential impact of these disciplines, mainly because of the soft language used for phrasing some of them and the anticipated high implementation costs, particularly for countries with unsophisticated domestic legal systems.
BEYOND ENDOSCOPY VIA THE TRACE FORMULA – III THE STANDARD REPRESENTATION
Authors: Altuğ S. Ali 
Published: November 2018

We finalize the analysis of the trace formula initiated in S. A. Altuğ [Beyond endoscopy via the trace formula-I: Poisson summation and isolation of special representations, Compos. Math.151(10) (2015), 1791–1820] and developed in S. A. Altuğ [Beyond endoscopy via the trace formula-II: asymptotic expansions of Fourier transforms and bounds toward the Ramanujan conjecture. Submitted, preprint, 2015, Available at: arXiv:1506.08911.pdf], and calculate the asymptotic expansion of the beyond endoscopic averages for the standard $L$-functions attached to weight $k\geqslant 3$ cusp forms on $\mathit{GL}(2)$ (cf. Theorem 1.1). This, in particular, constitutes the first example of beyond endoscopy executed via the Arthur–Selberg trace formula, as originally proposed in R. P. Langlands [Beyond endoscopy, in Contributions to Automorphic Forms, Geometry, and Number Theory, pp. 611–698 (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 2004), chapter 22]. As an application we also give a new proof of the analytic continuation of the $L$-function attached to Ramanujan’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$-function.
Plasmaspheric Hiss: Coherent and Intense
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Park Sang A. , Falkowski Barbara J. , Lakhina Gurbax S. , Pickett Jolene S. , Bortnik Jacob , Hospodarsky George , Santolik Ondrej , Parrot Michel , Henri Pierre , Hajra Rajkumar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntense ~300‐Hz to 1.0‐kHz plasmaspheric hiss was studied using Polar plasma wave data. It is found that the waves are coherent in all local time sectors with the wave coherency occurring in approximately three‐ to five‐wave cycle packets. The plasmaspheric hiss in the dawn and local noon time sector are found to be substorm (AE*) and storm (SYM‐H*) dependent. The local noon sector is also solar wind pressure dependent. It is suggested that coherent chorus monochromatic subelements enter the plasmasphere (as previously suggested by ray tracing models) to explain these plasmaspheric hiss features. The presence of intense, coherent plasmaspheric hiss in the local dusk and local midnight time sectors is surprising and more difficult to explain. For the dusk sector waves, either local in situ plasmaspheric wave generation or propagation from the dayside plasmasphere is possible. There is little evidence to support substorm generation of the midnight sector plasmaspheric hiss found in this study. One possible explanation is propagation from the local noon sector. The combination of high wave intensity and coherency at all local times strengthens the suggestion that the electron slot is formed during substorm intervals instead of during geomagnetic quiet (by incoherent waves). Plasmaspheric hiss is found to propagate at all angles relative to the ambient magnetic field, θkB. Circular, elliptical, and linear polarized plasmaspheric hiss have been detected. No obvious, strong relationship between the wave polarization and θkB was found. This information of hiss properties should be useful in modeling wave‐particle interactions within the plasmasphere.
Skillful Subseasonal Forecasts of Weekly Tornado and Hail Activity Using the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Baggett Cory F. , Nardi Kyle M. , Childs Samuel J. , Zito Samantha N. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the United States, severe weather poses a threat to society, producing tornadoes and hail that can result in hundreds of casualties and billions of dollars in damages. Fortunately, skillful predictions of severe weather for short lead times of 0–8 days and longer lead times exceeding 1 month have been realized. However, this leaves a forecast gap at subseasonal to seasonal lead times of 2–5 weeks, when early‐action decision making by stakeholders is typically made. Here we develop an empirical prediction model that fills this gap during March–June when severe weather is most prevalent across the United States. We demonstrate skillful weekly forecasts of opportunity with lead times of 2–5 weeks of environmental parameters favorable to severe weather, as well as actual tornado and hail activity. To attain this skill, we use as a predictor the current state of active phases of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, known to have physical teleconnections with future weather over the United States. The model has significant skill in regions such as the Plains and the Southeast, providing stakeholders with valuable extended forewarning.
Thermal Attenuation and Lag Time in Fractured Rock: Theory and Field Measurements From Joint Heat and Solute Tracer Tests
Authors: de La Bernardie J. , Bour O. , Le Borgne T. , Guihéneuf N. , Chatton E. , Labasque T. , Le Lay H. , Gerard M.‐F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe modeling and prediction of heat transfer in fractured media is particularly challenging as hydraulic and transport properties depend on a multiscale structure that is difficult to resolve. In addition to advection and dispersion, heat transfer is also impacted by thermal attenuation and lag time, which results from fracture‐matrix thermal exchanges. Here we derive analytical expressions for thermal lag time and attenuation coefficient in fractured media, which quantify the effect of fracture geometry on these key factors. We use the developed expressions to interpret the results of single‐well thermal and solute tracer tests performed in a crystalline rock aquifer at the experimental site of Ploemeur (H+ observatory network). Thermal breakthrough was monitored with fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS), which allows temperature monitoring at high spatial and temporal resolution. The observed thermal response departs from the conventional parallel plate fracture model but is consistent with a channel model representing highly channelized fracture flow. These findings, which point to a strong reduction of fracture‐matrix exchange by flow channeling, show the impact of fracture geometry on heat recovery in geothermal systems. This study also highlights the advantages to conduct both thermal and solute tracer tests to infer fracture aperture and geometry.
Aberrant ARID5B expression and its association with Ikaros dysfunction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ge Zheng , Han Qi , Gu Yan , Ge Qinyu , Ma Jinlong , Sloane Justin , Gao Guofeng , Payne Kimberly J. , Szekely Laszlo , Song Chunhua , Dovat Sinisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B (ARID5B) are involved in the oncogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and treatment outcomes. However, ARID5B expression and clinical significance in ALL remain unclear. We foundARID5Bis significantly down-regulated in ALL compared to healthy bone marrow controls. ARID5B also interacts with PHD finger protein 2 (PHF2). Low expression ofARID5B(ARID5Blow) orARID5BandPHF2(ARID5BlowPHF2low) is correlated with the markers of cell proliferation and poor prognosis in ALL patients. Ikaros directly regulates ARID5B expression in ALL. Restoring Ikaros function by Casein Kinase II inhibition also promotes ARID5B expression through recruitment of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) at its promoter region. In summary, our data show that aberrant expression of ARID5B and PHF2 is related to leukemic cell proliferation and several poor prognostic markers. Our data indicate ARID5Blowexpression, particularly ARID5BlowPHF2lowexpression, is linked to Ikaros dysfunction and involved in the oncogenic effect of high-risk ALL, which may represent a high-risk subgroup of ALL.
Demographic histories and genetic diversity across pinnipeds are shaped by human exploitation, ecology and life-history
Authors: Stoffel M. A. , Humble E. , Paijmans A. J. , Acevedo-Whitehouse K. , Chilvers B. L. , Dickerson B. , Galimberti F. , Gemmell N. J. , Goldsworthy S. D. , Nichols H. J. , Krüger O. , Negro S. , Osborne A. , Pastor T. , Robertson B. C. , Sanvito S. , Schultz J. K. , Shafer A. B. A. , Wolf J. B. W. , Hoffman J. I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA central paradigm in conservation biology is that population bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and population viability. In an era of biodiversity loss and climate change, understanding the determinants and consequences of bottlenecks is therefore an important challenge. However, as most studies focus on single species, the multitude of potential drivers and the consequences of bottlenecks remain elusive. Here, we combined genetic data from over 11,000 individuals of 30 pinniped species with demographic, ecological and life history data to evaluate the consequences of commercial exploitation by 18th and 19th century sealers. We show that around one third of these species exhibit strong signatures of recent population declines. Bottleneck strength is associated with breeding habitat and mating system variation, and together with global abundance explains much of the variation in genetic diversity across species. Overall, bottleneck intensity is unrelated to IUCN status, although the three most heavily bottlenecked species are endangered. Our study reveals an unforeseen interplay between human exploitation, animal biology, demographic declines and genetic diversity.