bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on additive manufacturing of sand molds by binder jetting and selective laser sintering
Authors: Le Néel Tugdual Amaury , Mognol Pascal , Hascoët Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of the art manufacturing techniques using sand molds for the casting industry by the means of additive manufacturing (AM). In particular, this review will cover two families of 3D printing in regards to sand mold fabrication.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper will discuss the sand casting manufacturing processes of AM by binder jetting (3D printing) and selective laser sintering. Scientific articles, patents and case studies are analyzed. Topics ranging from the technology types to the economic implications are covered.

Findings
The review investigates new factors and methods for mold design, looking at mechanical properties and cost analysis as influenced by material selection, thermal characteristics, topological optimization and manufacturing procedure. Findings in this study suggest that this topic lacks vigorous scientific research and that the case studies by manufacturers thus far are not useful.

Research limitations/implications
As demonstrated by the limited data from previous published studies, a more comprehensive and conclusive analysis is needed due to the lack of interest and resources regarding the AM of sand molds.

Practical implications
This study is a useful tool for any researchers with an interest in the field of AM of sand molds.

Social implications
Key perspectives are proposed.

Originality/value
This review highlights current gaps in this field. The review goes beyond the scientific articles by curating patents and professional case studies.
Adalimumab treatment in Japanese patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: Results of an open‐label phase 3 study
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Yamazaki Fumikazu , Matsuyama Takashi , Takahashi Kenzo , Arai Satoru , Asahina Akihiko , Imafuku Shinichi , Nakagawa Hidemi , Hasegawa Yuichi , Williams David , Matsuda Naoto , Kitamura Susumu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA phase 3, multicenter, open‐label, 52‐week study investigated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab 80 mg at week 0 followed by adalimumab 40 mg every other week (option to escalate to 80 mg when necessary) in Japanese patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Adults (aged 15–75 years) with GPP, total skin score (overall erythema area, erythema area with pustules, and edema area) of 3 or more, and erythema with pustules (skin score, ≥1) based on the 2014 Japanese Dermatological Association severity index of GPP were enrolled. The primary efficacy end‐point was clinical response at week 16 (non‐responder imputation), defined as achieving remission (total skin score, 0) or improvement from baseline (reduction of ≥1 point from a baseline total skin score of 3 or ≥2 points from a baseline total skin score of ≥4). Of 10 enrolled patients (mean disease duration, 10.6 years), seven patients, including three with the dose escalated to 80 mg every other week before week 15, achieved clinical response at week 16, and five achieved clinical response at week 52. Mean change from baseline total GPP score was −4.6 at week 16 (n = 8) and −6.0 at week 52 (n = 5); change in total skin score was −3.1 (n = 8) and −4.2 (n = 5), respectively. Nine patients experienced one or more adverse events and three experienced serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis, pruritus and hypoalbuminemia. In conclusion, adalimumab was effective and well tolerated for up to 52 weeks in the treatment of Japanese patients with GPP.
CO2 saturation estimates at Sleipner (North Sea) from seismic tomography and rock physics inversion
Authors: Yan Hong , Dupuy Bastien , Romdhane Anouar , Arntsen Børge 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCO2 saturations are estimated at Sleipner using a two‐step imaging workflow. The workflow combines seismic tomography (full‐waveform inversion) and rock physics inversion and is applied to a two‐dimensional seismic line located near the injection point at Sleipner. We use baseline data (1994 vintage, before CO2 injection) and monitor data that was acquired after 12 years of CO2 injection (2008 vintage). P‐wave velocity models are generated using the Full waveform inversion technology and then, we invert selected rock physics parameters using an rock physics inversion methodology. Full waveform inversion provides high‐resolution P‐wave velocity models both for baseline and monitor data. The physical relations between rock physics properties and acoustic wave velocities in the Utsira unconsolidated sandstone (reservoir formation) are defined using a dynamic rock physics model based on well‐known Biot–Gassmann theories. For data prior to injection, rock frame properties (porosity, bulk and shear dry moduli) are estimated using rock physics inversion that allows deriving physically consistent properties with related uncertainty. We show that the uncertainty related to limited input data (only P‐wave velocity) is not an issue because the mean values of parameters are correct. These rock frame properties are then used as a priori constraint in the monitor case. For monitor data, the Full waveform inversion results show nicely resolved thin layers of CO2–brine saturated sandstones under intra‐reservoir shale layers. The CO2 saturation estimation is carried out by plugging an effective fluid phase in the rock physics model. Calculating the effective fluid bulk modulus of the brine–CO2 mixture (using Brie equation in our study) is shown to be the key factor to link P‐wave velocity to CO2 saturation. The inversion tests are done with several values of Brie/patchiness exponent and show that the CO2 saturation estimates are varying between 0.30 and 0.90 depending on the rock physics model and the location in the reservoir. The uncertainty in CO2 saturation estimation is usually lower than 0.20. When the patchiness exponent is considered as unknown, the inversion is less constrained and we end up with values of exponent varying between 5 and 20 and up to 33 in specific reservoir areas. These estimations tend to show that the CO2–brine mixing is between uniform and patchy mixing and variable throughout the reservoir.
When can competition and dispersal lead to checkerboard distributions?
Authors: Dallas Tad , Melbourne Brett A. , Hastings Alan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Checkerboard distributions—mutually exclusive species co‐occurrences—are a common observation in community ecology and biogeography. While the underlying causes of checkerboard distributions have remained elusive, a long‐standing argument is that they are representative of strong competitive interactions and/or dispersal limitation.

We explore this using a stochastic two‐patch metacommunity model combined with an experimental two‐patch system of competing Tribolium species, quantifying checkerboard distributions using the abundance‐based index Ast.

We find that maintenance of checkerboard distributions is possible in a limited parameter space consisting of low dispersal rates, low population growth rates and high interspecific competition. Checkerboards were not maintained in experimental metacommunities.

Our model, parameterized using independent data, echoed this finding, providing a clear link between model and experiment, and suggested that only small regions of parameter space would allow for checkerboard distributions between patches with equally hospitable environments. These findings may provide insight into when interspecific competition and dispersal limitation would promote checkerboard distributions.
Asymmetric competitive effects during species range expansion: An experimental assessment of interaction strength between “equivalent” grazer species in their range overlap
Authors: Aguilera Moisés A. , Valdivia Nelson , Jenkins Stuart , Navarrete Sergio A. , Broitman Bernardo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Biotic interactions are central to the development of theory and concepts in community ecology; experimental evidence has shown their strong effects on patterns of population and community organization and dynamics over local spatial scales. The role of competition in determining range limits and preventing invasions at biogeographic scales is more controversial, partly because of the complexity of processes involved in species colonization of novel habitats and the difficulties in performing appropriate manipulations and controls.

We examined experimentally whether competition is likely to affect poleward range expansion hindering or facilitating the establishment of the limpet Scurria viridula along the south‐eastern Pacific rocky shore (30°S, Chile) in the region occupied by the congeneric S. zebrina. We also assessed whether competition with the “invader” or range‐expanding species could reduce individual performance of the “native” S. zebrina and depress local populations

Geographic field surveys were conducted to characterize the abundance and identity of limpets along the south‐eastern Pacific coast from 18°S to 41°S, and the micro‐scale (few cm) spatial distribution across the range overlap of the two species. Field‐based competition experiments were conducted at the southern leading edge of the range of S. viridula (33°S) and at the northern limit of S. zebrina (30°S).

Field surveys showed poleward range expansion of S. viridula of ca. 210 km since year 2000, with an expansion rate of 13.1 km/year. No range shift was detected for S. zebrina. The resident S. zebrina had significant negative effects on the growth rate of the invading juvenile S. viridula, while no effect of the latter was found on S. zebrina. Spatial segregation between species was found at the scale of cms.

Our results provide novel evidence of an asymmetric competitive effect of a resident species on an invader, which may hamper further range expansion. No negative effect of the invader on the resident species was detected. This study highlights the complexities of evaluating the role of species interactions in setting range limits of species, but showed how interspecific competition might slow the advance of an invader by reducing individual performance and overall population size at the advancing front.
Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders
Authors: Fischer S. , King S. , Papadopoulos A. , Hotopf M. , Young A. H. , Cleare A. J. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveAround 30–50% of patients with depression and anxiety disorders fail to respond to standard psychological therapy. Given that cortisol affects cognition, patients with altered hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning may benefit less from such treatments. To investigate this, reliable pretreatment cortisol measures are needed.MethodN = 89 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders were recruited before undergoing therapy within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Three‐month hair cortisol was determined, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered. Patients were classified as responders if they showed significant decreases in depression (>= 6 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (>= 5 points on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale).ResultsNon‐responders in terms of depression (57%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol concentrations (P = 0.041) and reported more physical abuse (P = 0.024), sexual abuse (P = 0.010) and total trauma (P = 0.039) when compared to responders. Non‐responders in terms of anxiety (48%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol (P = 0.027), as well as higher levels of emotional abuse (P = 0.034), physical abuse (P = 0.042) and total trauma (P = 0.048).ConclusionIf future research confirms hair cortisol to be a predictor of psychological therapy response, this may prove a useful clinical biomarker which identifies a subgroup requiring more intensive treatment.
IL8 and IL17A polymorphisms associated with multibacillary leprosy and reaction type 1 in a mixed population from southern Brazil
Authors: Aquino Julimary Suematsu , Ambrosio‐Albuquerque Eliane Papa , Alves Hugo Vicentin , Macedo Luciana Conci , Visentainer Lorena , Sell Ana Maria , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of the IL8 T‐738A (nonidentified rs), IL8 T‐353A (rs4073), IL17A G197A (rs2275913), and IL17F T7488C (rs763780) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms on leprosy. The AA genotype of IL8 T‐353A was observed as a risk factor for multibacillary leprosy, regardless of gender and age‐of‐onset of disease, considering the recessive model (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1–13.5; P, 0.023). Furthermore, the AA genotype of IL17A G197A was associated with leprosy type 1 reaction (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P, 0.026) when compared to the group without reaction, which was adjusted for gender and age‐of‐onset of disease by the model log additive. These results indicate association of IL8 and IL17A polymorphisms with the progression to multibacillary leprosy and with the type 1 reaction, respectively.
Seasonally flooded, and terra firme in northern Congo: Insights on their structure, diversity and biomass
Authors: Ifo Suspense Averti , Binsangou Stoffenne , Ibocko Ngala Lypsia , Madingou Mady , Cuni‐Sanchez Aida 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the Congo basin, considerable uncertainty remains about the amount and spatial variation of carbon stocks. We studied two types of seasonally flooded forests (dominated by Guibourtia demeusei and Lophira alata) and nearby terra firme forests in northern Congo. We sampled 1.25 ha per forest type and a total of 1,400 trees ≥5 cm diameter. AGB ranged from 207–343 Mg/ha, with no significant differences between forest types. Few significant differences were observed in vegetation structure or tree diversity between forest types. Species richness and stem density of small trees were lower, and dominance was higher in Guibourtia plots, which are subject to greater flooding than Lophira plots. Guibourtia was absent from smaller diameter class in Guibourtia forests; and Uapaca spp. were more abundant in terra firme than in seasonally flooded plots. We show that both types of seasonally flooded forests store important quantities of AGB and should also be considered in forest conservation programmes. We recommend more research on seasonally flooded forests, on larger geographical extent, which assesses flood depth and duration, and measures tree height in the field, as we took a conservative approach to AGB estimates, and AGB could be even greater than we report here.
Introduction of a customised growth chart protocol increased detection of small for gestational age pregnancies in a tertiary Melbourne hospital
Authors: Jayawardena Lulusha , Sheehan Penelope 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundGrowth charts customised for maternal height, weight, ethnicity and parity have been proposed as more effective at detecting infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) than routine screening with symphysio‐fundal height measurement alone. Our non‐randomised, prospective cohort study assessed antenatal SGA detection rates in a general maternity cohort following the introduction of the Perinatal Institute's Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) program (consisting of customised growth chart software for plotting symphysio‐fundal height, staff training and serial auditing).MethodsThe GAP program was implemented into the routine antenatal schedule of 882 women who delivered at The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, during our study period. SGA detection was compared to 936 women from the same team who delivered prior to the intervention. Secondary outcomes assessed were infant gestation at birth and method of delivery, neonatal Apgar scores and admission to the Neonatal Intensive and Special Care nursery (NISC).ResultsIdentification of SGA infants increased from 21% to 41% with the introduction of the GAP program (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–4.9, P < 0.05). This was not associated with an increase in false‐positive rates. Following the introduction of the GAP Program, SGA babies were more likely to be born by vaginal delivery (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4–5.1, P < 0.005). There was no overall increase in the induction of labour or caesarean delivery rates. Overall rates of admission to NISC were reduced.ConclusionsIn our increasingly culturally heterogenous society, the use of the GAP program is a safe and potentially more sensitive tool for detecting in utero growth restriction.
Learning from history: How research evidence can inform policies to improve rural and remote medical workforce distribution
Authors: Humphreys John , Wakerman John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes the rationale for, and development of, an evidence‐based rural typology as the basis for an incentive scheme to improve medical workforce retention. This case study describes the key factors associated with ensuring that research evidence is translated into rural health policy and program implementation.DesignCase study.SettingRural and remote Australia.ResultsThe development and implementation of the Modified Monash Model in Australia demonstrates some of the key facilitators of knowledge exchange. These include: sound evidence based on good empirical data and rigorous methodology; transparency to peers and stakeholders; the importance of long‐term commitment to rural health research; the credibility of the researcher; multiple modes of communication of results; real world validation and amplification of results; patience and persistence underscored by the commitment of researchers to achieving more equitable outcomes for rural and remote doctors; serendipity in terms of timing; and a governmental culture that values evidence‐based outcomes.ConclusionThe knowledge exchange process is neither easy nor simple and rarely rapid. It often requires the engagement of communities, professional associations, health care providers, researchers, policy‐makers and funders. Implementation of evidence into rural health policies and programs benefits all parties through significant improvements in efficiency, effectiveness and equity.
Grasping the Ongaonga: When will New Zealand really integrate rural clinical education?
Authors: London Martin T. , Burton John G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCompared to Australia, substantial rural‐based clinical education in New Zealand started small and still has some way to go if it is to fulfil its potential in workforce retention and recruitment to under‐served areas. The authors share some of their experiences in rural medical education and then speculate on how it could develop. They discuss the merits of a clinical school composed of a dispersed network of rural sites, which provide and coordinate rural health education.
Higher parental education was associated with better asthma control
Authors: Strömberg Celind Frida , Wennergren Göran , Vasileiadou Styliana , Alm Bernt , Åberg Nils , Goksör Emma 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimInhaled corticosteroids have resulted in the improved control of asthma and a reduced need for hospitalisation. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma and factors that affect asthma control.MethodsThe data came from a longitudinal cohort study of children. The parents answered questionnaires from age 6 months to 12 years. The response rate at age 12 years was 76% (3637/4777) and doctor‐diagnosed asthma was reported in 6.4% (n = 233). Asthma control was examined with the Asthma Control Test (ACT), where scores below 20 denote uncontrolled asthma.ResultsOf the children with asthma at age 12 years, 15% had an ACT value below 20, that is uncontrolled asthma. Independent risk factors for uncontrolled asthma were wheeze triggered by exercise (adjusted OR, aOR 5.6; 1.9–16.6), cat at home (aOR 3.5; 1.2–10.0) and current doctor‐diagnosed rhinitis (aOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.1–7.0). A higher education in the parents reduced the risk of uncontrolled asthma (aOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.8). Only six children (i.e. 2.6%) reported hospitalisation due to asthma during the last year.ConclusionOf the children with asthma, 15% had uncontrolled asthma. Higher education in the parents was associated with better asthma control in the children.
A phase 1 healthy male volunteer single escalating dose study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of risdiplam (RG7916, RO7034067), a SMN2 splicing modifier
Authors: Sturm Stefan , Günther Andreas , Jaber Birgit , Jordan Paul , Al Kotbi Nada , Parkar Nikhat , Cleary Yumi , Frances Nicolas , Bergauer Tobias , Heinig Katja , Kletzl Heidemarie , Marquet Anne , Ratni Hasane , Poirier Agnès , Müller Lutz , Czech Christian , Khwaja Omar 
Published: October 2018

AimsRisdiplam (RG7916, RO7034067) is an orally administered, centrally and peripherally distributed, survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) mRNA splicing modifier for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The objectives of this entry‐into‐human study were to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of risdiplam, and the effect of the strong CYP3A inhibitor itraconazole on the PK of risdiplam in healthy male volunteers.MethodsPart 1 had a randomized, double‐blind, adaptive design with 25 subjects receiving single ascending oral doses of risdiplam (ranging from 0.6–18.0 mg, n = 18) or placebo (n = 7). A Bayesian framework was applied to estimate risdiplam's effect on SMN2 mRNA. The effect of multiple doses of itraconazole on the PK of risdiplam was also assessed using a two‐period cross‐over design (n = 8).ResultsRisdiplam in the fasted or fed state was well tolerated. Risdiplam exhibited linear PK over the dose range with a multi‐phasic decline with a mean terminal half‐life of 40–69 h. Food had no relevant effect, and itraconazole had only a minor effect on plasma PK indicating a low fraction of risdiplam metabolized by CYP3A. The highest tested dose of 18.0 mg risdiplam led to approximately 41% (95% confidence interval 27–55%) of the estimated maximum increase in SMN2 mRNA.ConclusionsRisdiplam was well tolerated and proof of mechanism was demonstrated by the intended shift in SMN2 splicing towards full‐length SMN2 mRNA. Based on these data, Phase 2/3 studies of risdiplam in patients with SMA are now ongoing.