bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Orthogonal Linear Separation Analysis (OLSA) to Decompose Drug Effects into Basic Components
Authors: Mizuno Tadahaya , Kinoshita Setsuo , Ito Takuya , Maedera Shotaro , Kusuhara Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrugs have multiple, not single, effects. Decomposition of drug effects into basic components helps us to understand the pharmacological properties of a drug and contributes to drug discovery. We have extended factor analysis and developed a novel profile data analysis method: orthogonal linear separation analysis (OLSA). OLSA contracted 11,911 genes to 118 factors from transcriptome data of MCF7 cells treated with 318 compounds in a Connectivity Map. Ontology of the main genes constituting the factors detected significant enrichment of the ontology in 65 of 118 factors and similar results were obtained in two other data sets. In further analysis of the Connectivity Map data set, one factor discriminated two Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and radicicol, while clustering analysis could not. Doxorubicin and other topoisomerase inhibitors were estimated to inhibit Na+/K+ATPase, one of the suggested mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Based on the factor including PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 inhibition activity, 5 compounds were predicted to be novel inducers of autophagy, and other analyses including western blotting revealed that 4 of the 5 actually induced autophagy. These findings indicate the potential of OLSA to decompose the effects of a drug and identify its basic components.
On-target and off-target effects of novel orthosteric and allosteric activators of GPR84
Authors: Mancini Sarah J. , Mahmud Zobaer Al , Jenkins Laura , Bolognini Daniele , Newman Robert , Barnes Matt , Edye Michelle E. , McMahon Stephen B. , Tobin Andrew B. , Milligan Graeme 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, including examples with clear therapeutic potential, remain poorly characterised. This often reflects limited availability of suitable tool ligands with which to interrogate receptor function. In the case of GPR84, currently a target for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, recent times have seen the description of novel orthosteric and allosteric agonists. Using 2-(hexylthiol)pyrimidine-4,6 diol (2-HTP) and di(5,7-difluoro-1H-indole-3-yl)methane (PSB-16671) as exemplars of each class, in cell lines transfected to express either human or mouse GPR84, both ligands acted as effective on-target activators and with high co-operativity in their interactions. This was also the case in lipopolysaccharide-activated model human and mouse immune cell lines. However in mouse bone-marrow-derived neutrophils, where expression of GPR84 is particularly high, the capacity of PSB-16671 but not of 2-HTP to promote G protein activation was predominantly off-target because it was not blocked by an antagonist of GPR84 and was preserved in neutrophils isolated from GPR84 deficient mice. These results illustrate the challenges of attempting to study and define functions of poorly characterised receptors using ligands that have been developed via medicinal chemistry programmes, but where assessed activity has been limited largely to the initially identified target.
Fabrication of dual-functional composite yarns with a nanofibrous envelope using high throughput AC needleless and collectorless electrospinning
Authors: Valtera Jan , Kalous Tomas , Pokorny Pavel , Batka Ondrej , Bilek Martin , Chvojka Jiri , Mikes Petr , Kostakova Eva Kuzelova , Zabka Petr , Ornstova Jana , Beran Jaroslav , Stanishevsky Andrei , Lukas David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNanotechnologies allow the production of yarns containing nanofibres for use in composites, membranes and biomedical materials. Composite yarns with a conventional thread core for mechanical strength and a nanofibrous envelope for functionality, e.g. biological, catalytic, have many advantages. Until now, the production of such yarns has been technologically difficult. Here, we show an approach to composite yarn production whereby a plume of nanofibers generated by high throughput AC needleless and collectorless electrospinning is wound around a classic thread. In the resulting yarn, nanofibres can form up to 80% of its weight. Our yarn production speed was 10 m/min; testing showed this can be increased to 60 m/min. After the yarn was embedded into knitwear, scanning electron microscope images revealed an intact nanofibrous envelope of the composite yarn. Our results indicate that this production method could lead to the widespread production and use of composite nanofibrous yarns on an industrial scale.
Investigating the Effects of Stove Emissions on Ocular and Cancer Cells
Authors: Karakoçak Bedia Begüm , Patel Sameer , Ravi Nathan , Biswas Pratim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMore than a third of the world’s population relies on solid fuels for cooking and heating, with major health consequences. Although solid fuel combustion emissions are known to increase the prevalence of illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, however, their effect on the eyes is underexplored. This study assesses the acute toxicity of solid fuel combustion emissions on healthy ocular cells and a cancer cell line. Three healthy ocular cell lines (corneal, lens, and retinal epithelial cells) and a cancer cell line (Chinese hamster ovary cells) were exposed to liquid and gas phase emissions from applewood and coal combustion. Following the exposure, real-time cell attachment behavior was monitored for at least 120 hours with electrical cell impedance spectroscopy. The viability of the cells, amount of apoptotic cells, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with MTT, ApoTox-Glo, and ROS-Glo H2O2 assays, respectively. The results showed that coal emissions compromised the viability of ocular cells more than applewood emissions. Interestingly, the cancer cells, although their viability was not compromised, generated 1.7 to 2.7 times more ROS than healthy cells. This acute exposure study provides compelling proof that biomass combustion emissions compromise the viability of ocular cells and increase ROS generation. The increased ROS generation was fatal for ocular cells, but it promoted the growth of cancer cells.
Enhanced nonreciprocal transmission through a saturable cubic-quintic nonlinear dimer defect
Authors: Wasay Muhammad Abdul , Lyra M. L. , Ham B. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe transmission properties through a saturable cubic-quintic nonlinear defect attached to lateral linear chains is investigated. Particular attention is directed to the possible non-reciprocal diode-like transmission when the parity-symmetry of the defect is broken. Distinct cases of parity breaking are considered including asymmetric linear and nonlinear responses. The spectrum of the transmission coefficient is analytically computed and the influence of the degree of saturation analyzed in detail. The transmission of Gaussian wave-packets is also numerically investigated. Our results unveil that spectral regions with high transmission and enhanced diode-like operation can be achieved.
Light Emitting Spin Active Electronic States in Ultra-Thin Mn Doped CdSe Layered Nanosheets
Authors: Halder O. , Satpati B. , Rajput P. , Mohapatra N. , Jha S. N. , Suffczyński J. , Pacuski W. , Rath S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe layered nanosheets exhibit a variety of physical and optical properties originating from amalgamation of intra- and inter- layer electronic interactions, which makes them promising materials for advanced devices with varsatile controlling channels. In particular, the dilute magnetic semiconductor multilayered nanosheets have promising optical, electrical and magnetic properties that have been less explored so far. Here, the spin permissible optical properties from solvothermally grown Mn doped CdSe (thickness ~2.26 nm) multilayered nanosheets are reported on. The presence of multi-phase magnetic orderings with a sharp ferromagnetic transition at temperature ~48 K pertinent to the stabilization and co-existence of Mn2+and Mn3+based local phases have been observed from the (Cd,Mn)Se layered nanosheets corroborating to the x-ray absorption near edge structure, electron paramagnetic resonance, Raman scattering and magnetic measurements. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) studies at room temperature affirm wide array of optical properties in the visible regime corresponding to the band edge and intriguing dopant-phase mediated spin approved transitions. The circularly polarized magneto-PL and life time analysis exhibits the spin-polarized fast radiative transitions confirming the presence of spin-active electronic states.
A metagenomic survey of soil microbial communities along a rehabilitation chronosequence after iron ore mining
Authors: Gastauer Markus , Vera Mabel Patricia Ortiz , de Souza Kleber Padovani , Pires Eder Soares , Alves Ronnie , Caldeira Cecílio Frois , Ramos Silvio Junio , Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicroorganisms are useful environmental indicators, able to deliver essential insights to processes regarding mine land rehabilitation. To compare microbial communities from a chronosequence of mine land rehabilitation to pre-disturbance levels from references sites covered by native vegetation, we sampled non-rehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference study sites from the Urucum Massif, Southwestern Brazil. From each study site, three composed soil samples were collected for chemical, physical, and metagenomics analysis. We used a paired-end library sequencing technology (NextSeq 500 Illumina); the reads were assembled using MEGAHIT. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) were identified using Kaiju in combination with non-redundant NCBI BLAST reference sequences containing archaea, bacteria, and viruses. Additionally, a functional classification was performed by EMG v2.3.2. Here, we provide the raw data and assembly (reads and contigs), followed by initial functional and taxonomic analysis, as a base-line for further studies of this kind. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of environmental rehabilitation in tropical regions, inspiring further researchers to explore this collection for hypothesis testing.
Insights into the specific heat capacity enhancement of ternary carbonate nanofluids with SiO2nanoparticles: the effect of change in the composition ratio
Authors: Sang Lixia , Ai Wenming , Liu Tai , Wu Yuting , Ma Chongfang 
Published: February 2019

The specific heat capacity of a ternary carbonate-SiO2nanofluid is enhanced by 113.7% at 540 °C.
Emerging awareness on the importance of skeletal muscle in liver diseases: time to dig deeper into mechanisms!
Authors: Nachit Maxime , Leclercq Isabelle A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that represents 30–40% of total body mass in healthy humans and contains up to 75% of total body proteins. It is thus the largest organ in non-obese subjects. The past few years have seen increasing awareness of the prognostic value of appreciating changes in skeletal muscle compartment in various chronic diseases. Hence, a low muscle mass, a low muscle function and muscle fatty infiltration are linked with poor outcomes in many pathological conditions. In particular, an affluent body of evidence links the severity, the complications and mortality of chronic liver disease (CLD) with skeletal muscle depletion. Yet it is still not clear whether low muscle mass is a cause, an aggravating factor, a consequence of the ongoing disease, or an epiphenomenon reflecting general alteration in the critically ill patient. The mechanisms by which the muscle compartment influences disease prognosis are still largely unknown. In addition, whether muscle alterations contribute to liver disease progression is an unanswered question. Here, we first review basic knowledge about muscle compartment to draw a conceptual framework for interpreting skeletal muscle alteration in CLD. We next describe recent literature on muscle wasting in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. We then discuss the implication of skeletal muscle compartment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), focusing on plausible metabolic disruption in muscle compartment that might participate in NAFLD progression. Finally, we discuss shortcomings and challenges we need to address in the near future prior to designate the muscle compartment as a therapeutic target in CLD.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by cell‐free extract of Polysiphonia algae and their anticancer activity against breast cancer MCF‐7 cell lines
Authors: Moshfegh Azam , Jalali Amir , Salehzadeh Ali , Sadeghi Jozani Amin 
Published: February 2019

Green nanomaterial production techniques are desired for medicinal applications because of their biocompatibility and lack of toxic by‐products. This work reports the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate solutions using the cell‐free extract of Polysiphonia alga as a reducing agent. The visible yellow‐brown colour formation and surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy indicates the reduction of silver nitrate and biosynthesis of AgNPs. For more characterisation of green synthesised AgNPs, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis is used and the results confirmed the presence of functional groups capping in the AgNPs. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed mostly spherical AgNPs with a size range between 5 and 25 nm and the concentration of 3.1 × 106 particles/ml. The results of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis confirmedthe presence of Ag in the synthesised nanoparticles. The MTT assay and flow cytometry are used to determine the toxicity of AgNPs against breast cancer MCF‐7 cell line and the results showed the best inhibitory activity at 100 µg/ml. Generally, green synthesis of anticancer AgNPs using filamentous red alga Polysiphonia extract can easily be scaled up for many biomedical applications such as defence against the cancerous cells.
SDO/HMI observations of the average supergranule are not compatible with separable flow models
Authors: Ferret R. Z. 
Published: February 2019

Aims. Despite extensive studies carried out since its discovery half a century ago, the nature of supergranulation remains an open question in solar physics. Separability of flow models is a common assumption made in the literature to shed light on the properties of supergranules. This paper studies the ability of separable mass-conserving flow models to reproduce photospheric observations from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft corresponding to an average supergranule.
Methods. For a steady mass-conserving separable flow model to be compatible with the observations, there is an integral relation between the horizontal and vertical components of the flow. We test this relation directly on observations and compare the results with the proportionality relationship for a separable model.
Results. Observations of an average supergranule do not satisfy the condition for separability. Selecting a narrower range of horizontal scales of supergranules when performing the average does not change this result. Separable models are not consistent with observations of an average supergranule.
Visualisierung von Bakterien auf Verbrennungswunden und
Spalthauttransplantaten nach der MEEK/MESH-Technik – Eine Pilotstudie mit ersten
Erfahrungen der klinischen Wundbeurteilung durch Autofluoreszenz
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Limbourg Anne , Strauss Sarah , Vogt Peter M. 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Tiefgradige Verbrennungen bedürfen eines frühzeitigen
Débridements und der Transplantation von Haut nach der MEEK/MESH-Technik oder
weitere rekonstruktive Operationen. Infektionen von Verbrennungswunden oder
transplantierten Arealen limitieren den chirurgischen Erfolg und erhöhen die
Mortalität. Spalthauttransplantate nach der MEEK-Technik werden mit Textilien
als Träger transplantiert und ähnlich der MESH-Technik mit einem
Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer fixiert. Die Auflage dieser Fremdmaterialien wird in der
Regel fünf Tage belassen. Dieses Fremdmaterial könnte jedoch potentiell eine
Brutstätte für Bakterien und Erreger darstellen. Eine Identifikation von
drohenden Infektionen und die frühzeitige Identifizierung einer erhöhten
Bakterienlast bei Verbrennungswunden durch die Darstellung mittels der
Autofluoreszenz (AF) sind hilfreich, um Wunden adäquat zu beurteilen und
Hauttransplantate zu sichern.
Material und Methoden Zur Charakterisierung von Verbrennungswunden, die
mit Spalthaut nach der MEEK/MESH Technik gedeckt wurden und mit
Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer behandelt wurden, erfolgte die Darstellung der
Erregerlast mittels MolecuLight i:X™. Es erfolgte zusätzlich die Bildgebung
mittels einer Digitalkamera und die Bestimmung der Erreger mit mikrobiologischen
Abstrichen. Mit dieser Pilotstudie wird die Besiedlung von Fremdmaterialien auf
Verbrennungswunden sowie die diagnostische Wertigkeit der Autofluoreszenz im
Vergleich zur klinischen Wundbeurteilung bei Verbrennungswunden geprüft.
Ergebnisse Wir untersuchten Verbrennungswunden (n = 14) von drei
intensivmedizinischen Patienten. Es erfolgte die Unterteilung in insgesamt 53
Wundareale. Die MolecuLight i:X™ Kamera zeigte eine starke Besiedlung der
transplantierten Areale und Fremdmaterialien, korrespondierend zu den
mikrobiologischen Befunden. Die MEEK-Transplantationen heilten zu 90 % im
Vergleich zu MESH-transplantierten Arealen mit etwa 60 % ein. Es zeigte sich ein
positiv prädiktiver Wert von 81,8 % der AF. Der negativ prädiktive Wert betrug
90,3 % bei einer Sensitivität von 86,7 % und einer Spezifität von 87,5 %.
Schlussfolgerung Die Dauer des Belassens von Fremdmaterial sollte auf die
kürzeste Zeit begrenzt werden.Die Darstellung der Erregerlast mittels AF zeigt
eine starke Besiedlung sowohl bei der MEEK-Technik mit der Seidenschicht als
auch bei der MESH-Technik mit dem Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer. Die real-time
Darstellung der Verbrennungswunden mittels AF kann durch die hohe Sensitivität
und Spezifität eine gezielte Intervention an der Verbrennungsoberfläche
ermöglichen.
Simulation in Angiography – Experiences from 5 Years Teaching, Training, and Research
Authors: Kreiser Kornelia , Gehling Kim , Zimmer Claus 
Published: February 2019

Purpose The example of university radiology/neuroradiology illustrates how high-tech angiography simulators can be used meaningfully in teaching, clinical training and research.
Materials and Methods/Technical Basics A VIST LAB simulator (Mentice, Gothenburg, Sweden), which has been continuously developed both in terms of software and hardware, has been in use since 2013. Recently, the simulator has been integrated into the angiography suite Azurion (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands).
Results/Areas of Application In student education there is the possibility for intensive examination of cerebrovascular diseases and their therapy in small group lessons. The training of beginners in diagnostic and interventional angiography begins mandatorily on the simulator. Research questions are the proof of validity and the training effect, but also the influence on patient safety and the possible cost reduction of an intervention.
Conclusion As a result of continuous further development in recent years, simulators are now very well suited for both student teaching and beginner medical training. In the future, even experienced interventionalists could benefit from further technical advances, which should also be driven by academic research. Possible effects would be the reduction of examination times, complications and costs.
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Das Merkelzellkarzinom: Ätiopathogenese und Management
Authors: Heitmann J. , Houben R. , Schrama D. , Goebeler M. , Gesierich A. , Schilling B. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC) ist ein seltenes Malignom mit neuroendokriner Differenzierung, an dem v. a. ältere und immunsupprimierte Patienten erkranken. Die Inzidenz des Tumors nimmt weiter zu; die Prognose ist mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von 0 – 18 % im Stadium III und IV schlecht. Ein Zusammenhang mit dem Merkelzell-Polyoma-Virus oder einer vermehrten UV-Exposition gelten als gesichert. Das MCC präsentiert sich als solitärer, derber, kuppelförmiger, schnell wachsender Tumor. Die Diagnose wird mittels histologischer und immunhistochemischer Untersuchungen gestellt. 2017 wurde von der UICC eine neue Stadieneinteilung basierend auf der TNM-Klassifikation erstellt. Die Prognose ist stark abhängig vom Tumorstadium bei Erstdiagnose, weshalb entsprechende Staginguntersuchungen durchgeführt werden sollten. Therapeutisch steht, sofern möglich, die komplette Exzision des Tumors mit ausreichendem Sicherheitsabstand und ggf. die Exstirpation von Lymphknotenmetastasen im Vordergrund. Anschließend sollte eine Radiatio des Tumorbetts und der Lymphabflussbahnen erfolgen. In metastasierten Stadien hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Immuntherapie als Therapie der Wahl herauskristallisiert; die Chemotherapie spielt seitdem eine zunehmend geringere Rolle. So zeigten prospektive Studien mit Pembrolizumab vielversprechende Ergebnisse mit einer Ansprechrate von 56 % und einem progressionsfreien Überleben nach 6 Monaten von 67 %. Seit Oktober 2017 ist mit Avelumab, einem anti-PD-L1-Antikörper, die erste Immuntherapie zur Behandlung des metastasierten MCC in Deutschland zugelassen. Da die Therapie des metastasierten MCC trotz dieser innovativen Behandlungsansätze auch weiterhin als palliativ anzusehen ist, sollten frühzeitig zusätzlich palliative und psychoonkologische Therapiekonzepte miteinbezogen werden. Nach abgeschlossener Tumortherapie sollten regelmäßige Nachsorgeuntersuchungen erfolgen, um frühzeitig Rezidive oder Metastasen zu detektieren.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg: Geschichte und Gegenwart
Authors: Olk J. , Hamm H. , Bröcker E.-B. , Goebeler M. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beleuchtet die fast 150 Jahre lange Geschichte der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg und ihrer Vorgängerinstitutionen von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart. Dargestellt werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte von den ersten dermatologischen Vorlesungsinhalten im späten 18. Jahrhundert über die erste eigene Abteilung für Hautkrankheiten in Würzburg im Jahre 1872, die mit dem 1921 erfolgten Bezug des Luitpoldkrankenhauses verbundene Erweiterung des Fachgebiets, die Wirren in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und die Modernisierungen in der Nachkriegszeit bis hin zum aktuellen Stand als Klinik der universitären Maximalversorgung mit krankheitsorientierter molekularbiologischer und immunologischer Forschung und Lehre.