bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Early-onset Bacterial Neonatal Infections in Madagascar
Authors: Ranosiarisoa Zoly Nantenaina , El Harrif Sélim , Andrianirina André Zo , Duron Sandrine , Simon-Ghediri Marie-José , Ramparany Lova , Robinson Annick Lalaina , Tsifiregna Rosa , Randrianirina Frédérique , Ratsima Elisoa , Raymond Josette , Imbert Patrick 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Little is known about early-onset neonatal bacterial infections (EONBI) in Madagascar. Our aim was to determine their epidemiology to improve their management.

Methods:
Inborn neonates at risk for EONBI and admitted in the neonatal unit of 2 tertiary hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar, were included in a prospective study from April 2012 to March 2013. Using a clinical algorithm, blood culture, gastric fluid culture and C-reactive protein dosage were performed in newborns at high risk of infection, that is, peri partum fever, prematurity <35 weeks’ gestation or birth weight <2000 g, or presenting with clinical signs of infection. EONBI was defined as a bacteremia occurring within the first week of life.

Results:
Among 307 neonates, 75 (24.4%) had an EONBI caused by 1 (n = 59) or 2 (n = 16) bacteria (91 isolates). Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (n = 62, 82.7%), including Enterobacter cloacae (n = 26), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14), Escherichia coli (n = 7) and Proteus mirabilis (n = 2). Group B Streptococcus, Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterococcus sp. represented 3.6%, 8.2% and 12.1% of the isolates, respectively. All E. cloacae and 12/14 (85.7%) K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. At all, 41/91 (45.1%) bacteria were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 34/75 (45.3%) newborns had an EONBI caused by an MDR bacteria. Neonatal asphyxia was the only factor associated with multidrug resistance (odds ratio: 4.52; CI: 1.20–16.94; P = 0.025). The EONBI-related mortality (n = 20/75, 26.7%) rose up to 38.2% (n = 13/34) in case of MDR bacteria.

Conclusions:
The epidemiology of EONBIs in Madagascar is comparable to that found in many low-income countries. Prevention, including improvement of hygiene during resuscitation for neonatal asphyxia, is likely to be more effective in reducing EONBI-related morbidity and mortality than using new antibiotics to counter resistance.
Performance of Tuberculin Skin Tests and Interferon-γ Release Assays in Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Velasco-Arnaiz Eneritz , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Latorre Irene , Altet Neus , Domínguez José , Fortuny Clàudia , Monsonís Manuel , Tebruegge Marc , Noguera-Julian Antoni 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Available data to assess the optimal diagnostic approach in infants and preschool children at risk of tuberculosis (TB) are limited.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational study in children younger than 5 years undergoing assessment with both tuberculin skin tests (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays at 2 tertiary TB units in Barcelona, Spain.

Results:
A total of 383 children were included. One of 304 participants considered uninfected developed active TB during follow-up {median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 47 [30; 48] months}, compared with none of 40 participants with latent TB infection [follow-up since completion of anti-TB treatment: 42 (32; 45) months]. Overall test agreement between TST and QFT-GIT was moderate (κ = 0.551), but very good in children screened after TB contact (κ = 0.801) and in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unvaccinated children (κ = 0.816). Discordant results (16.8%, all TST+/QFT-GIT−) were mainly observed in new-entrant screening and in BCG-vaccinated children. Children with indeterminate QFT-GIT results were on average younger than those with determinate results (median age: 12 vs. 30 months; P < 0.001). The sensitivity of TSTs and QFT-GIT assays in children with confirmed active TB was 100% (95% confidence interval: 79.4%–100%) and 93.7% (95% confidence interval: 69.8%–99.8%), respectively. In patients with latent TB infection or active TB, there was no correlation between age and antigen-stimulated interferon-γ responses (r = −0.044; P = 0.714).

Conclusions:
In young BCG-unvaccinated children with recent TB contact, a dual testing strategy using TST and QFT-GIT in parallel may not be necessary. However, TST+/QFT-GIT− discordance is common, and it remains uncertain if this constellation indicates TB infection or not. In active TB, QFT-GIT assays do not perform better than TSTs.
Effect of Physical Therapy Interventions in the Acute Care Setting on Function, Activity, and Participation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Curry Alisa L. , Goehring Meri T. , Bell Jessica , Jette Diane U. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Despite seemingly routine use of physical therapy and its potential importance in reducing complications after total joint arthroplasty in the acute hospital setting, no agreed-upon approach to rehabilitation exists in this setting. In fact, rehabilitation practices and outcomes assessed are quite variable.

Purpose:
To determine the effects of physical therapy interventions in the acute care phase of total knee arthroplasty.

Data Sources:
Ovid Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL.

Review Selection Criteria:
Peer-reviewed research from January 1996 to October 2016 of adults with primary total knee arthroplasty receiving any physical therapy intervention related to body systems/function impairments or activity/participation limitations measured within 7 days of surgery. All studies included a comparison group.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers extracted data and determined study quality.

Data Synthesis:
Qualitative summary considering studies' risk of bias and number favoring interventions for outcomes.

Results:
Thirty-nine studies were included. Interventions included extra therapy, accelerated therapy, cryotherapy, Chinese medicine, lymphatic drainage, mechanical and manual passive motion, active-assistive motion, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation. Most studies included undefined “standard care.” Outcomes varied, with pain and knee motion commonly reported.

Conclusions:
Evidence supports cryotherapy for reducing pain and accelerated therapy for improving range of motion and walking, but quality is low. High-quality studies in these areas are needed.
Cochlear Implantation in Adults With Asymmetric Hearing Loss: Speech Recognition in Quiet and in Noise, and Health Related Quality of Life
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Carlson Matthew L. , Dowling Brittany P. , Olund Amy P. , DeJong Melissa D. , Breneman Alyce , Hollander Sara , Beatty Charles W. , Neff Brian A. , Driscoll Colin L. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To examine the possible speech recognition and health related quality of life (HRQoL) benefits of cochlear implantation among adults with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review, single-subject design.

Methods:
A total of 45 adult cochlear implant recipients with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss where performance for the best-aided condition exceeded 60% correct open set sentence recognition in quiet, and the implanted ear met traditional candidacy criteria. End point testing of the implanted ear was evaluated with use of the Consonant-Vowel Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word test and AzBio sentence test materials in quiet, and bimodally with the AzBio sentence test materials in noise at +5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). HRQoL was measured using the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ).

Results:
Measured in quiet, with the non-implanted ear plugged, the average CNC word scores increased from 9.1% preoperatively to 55.7% (p < 0.01) at the 6-month post-activation test interval. Similarly, average AzBio sentence scores in quiet, with the non-implanted ear plugged, increased from 13.9% preoperatively to 73.4% (p < 0.01) at the 6-month post-activation test interval. Finally, in the bilateral/bimodal condition, the AzBio sentence score in +5 dB SNR improved from an average of 26.8% preoperatively to 52.4% (p < 0.01) at the 6-month test interval. Results of the NCIQ showed improved scores on all six subdomains.

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate significant benefit of cochlear implantation among a group of postlingually deafened adults whose preoperative hearing and aided speech recognition fell outside of the currently specified Food and Drug Administration candidacy guidelines. Results of this study support the evaluation of a candidate's speech recognition in noise in the best-aided condition to adequately assess candidacy for a cochlear implant.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Cho Young Up , Kim Sei Joong , Han Mi Sook 
Published: March 2018

Background
Cancer treatment–induced bone loss is an important long-term effect among breast cancer survivors. Little is known, however, about the pattern of bone loss and the factors associated with it.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine annual bone health changes and factors associated with bone loss for 3 years after diagnosis among women with breast cancer.

Methods
Ninety-nine newly diagnosed women with breast cancer (mean age, 51.1 years) were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and yearly for 3 years.

Results
During the 3-year follow-up, the proportion of women who had osteopenia or osteoporosis increased from 33.3% to 62.5%. The BMD of the participants significantly decreased 6.8% in the lumbar spine, 4.6% in the femur neck, and 3.5% in the total hip, with bone loss the greatest in the first year. In multiple linear regression analysis, chemotherapy was significantly associated with bone loss at all sites, and premenopausal status at diagnosis was significantly related to bone loss at the lumbar spine. We found no significant relationship between health behavior status and BMD change at any site.

Conclusion
Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer can lose up to 6.8% of BMD during a 3-year follow-up. Chemotherapy and premenopausal status are important risk factors for bone loss.

Implications for Practice
Identification of premenopausal women at diagnosis and monitoring BMD before and after chemotherapy are key for promoting bone health in women with breast cancer.
Public Health Employees' Perception of Workplace Environment and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Local Health Departments' Engagement in Accreditation
Authors: Ye Jiali , Verma Pooja , Leep Carolyn , Kronstadt Jessica 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To examine the association between local health departments' (LHDs') engagement in accreditation and their staffs' perceptions of workplace environment and the overall satisfaction with their jobs.

Design:
Data from the 2014 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) (local data only) and the 2014 Forces of Change survey were linked using LHDs' unique ID documented by the National Association of County & City Health Officials. The Forces of Change survey assessed LHDs' accreditation status. Local health departments were classified as “formally engaged” in the Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation process if they had achieved accreditation, submitted an application, or submitted a statement of intent. The PH WINS survey measured employees' perception of 3 aspects of workplace environment, including supervisory support, organizational support, and employee engagement. The overall satisfaction was measured using the Job in General Scale (abridged). There are 1884 LHD employees who completed PH WINS and whose agencies responded to the question on the accreditation status of the Forces of Change survey.

Results:
When compared with employees from LHDs less engaged in accreditation, employees from LHDs that were formally engaged in accreditation gave higher ratings to all 3 aspects of workplace environment and overall job satisfaction. Controlling for employee demographic characteristics and LHD jurisdiction size, the agency's formal engagement in accreditation remained related to a higher score in perceived workplace environment and job satisfaction. After controlling for perceived workplace environment, accreditation status was marginally associated with job satisfaction.

Conclusion:
The findings provide support for previous reports by LHD leaders on the benefits of accreditation related to employee morale and job satisfaction. The results from this study allow us to further catalog the benefits of accreditation in workforce development and identify factors that may moderate the extent of the benefits. Findings from this study show that engagement in public health accreditation is associated with overall job satisfaction. This link may be explained by the hypotheses that meeting accreditation standards could increase staff satisfaction or that having higher job satisfaction could lead to a higher likelihood that a health department would apply for accreditation. Further research to explore this relationship is critical as many health departments are weighing the value of accreditation as they face constrained financial resources.
Has Voluntary Public Health Accreditation Impacted Health Department Perceptions and Activities in Quality Improvement and Performance Management?
Authors: Beitsch Leslie M. , Kronstadt Jessica , Robin Nathalie , Leep Carolyn 
Published: March 2018

Context:
The Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) is now in its 10th year, making it an ideal time to study the impact of PHAB accreditation on local health departments (LHDs).

Objective:
To examine whether applying for PHAB accreditation affects perceptions and activities regarding quality improvement (QI) and performance management (PM) within LHDs.

Design:
Data from the National Association of County & City Health Officials' 2010, 2013, and 2016 National Profile of Local Health Departments and associated QI modules were linked to PHAB-applicant data collected in e-PHAB in a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach examining self-reported QI/PM activities.

Participants:
Local health departments responding to National Association of County & City Health Officials Profile questionnaires and QI modules in 2010, 2013, and 2016.

Main Outcome Measures:
Implementation of formal QI program within agency, numbers of formal QI projects in the past year, presence of elements indicating formal QI program implementation, and changes over time by accreditation status as of June 2017.

Results:
Accredited and in-process LHDs showed greater gains over time in all of the outcome measures than LHDs not registered in e-PHAB. Results of logistic regression controlling for population served and governance type found accredited LHDs more likely to report formal QI programs agency-wide (odds ratio: [OR] = 27.0; P < .001) and have implemented 6 to 8 elements of formal QI (OR = 27.0; P < .001) in 2016, compared with nonaccreditation-seeking LHDs. Between 2013 and 2016, LHDs that responded to both survey waves that were registered in e-PHAB or accredited were significantly more likely than nonaccreditation-seeking LHDs to report any increase in overall level of QI implementation (OR = 4.89; P = .006) and increase in number of elements of formal QI (OR = 16.1; P < .001).

Conclusions:
Local health departments accredited by June 2017 and those in process reported more formal QI activities and showed greater improvements with QI/PM implementation over time than LHDs not undertaking accreditation. Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation appears to influence QI/PM uptake. As health departments are contemplating whether to apply for accreditation, the potential for developing a more robust QI/PM system should be taken into account.
Public Health Resilience Checklist for High-Consequence Infectious Diseases—Informed by the Domestic Ebola Response in the United States
Authors: Sell Tara Kirk , Shearer Matthew P. , Meyer Diane , Chandler Hannah , Schoch-Spana Monica , Thomas Erin , Rose Dale A. , Carbone Eric G. , Toner Eric 
Published: March 2018

Context:
The experiences of communities that responded to confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease in the United States provide a rare opportunity for collective learning to improve resilience to future high-consequence infectious disease events.

Design:
Key informant interviews (n = 73) were conducted between February and November 2016 with individuals who participated in Ebola virus disease planning or response in Atlanta, Georgia; Dallas, Texas; New York, New York; or Omaha, Nebraska; or had direct knowledge of response activities. Participants represented health care; local, state, and federal public health; law; local and state emergency management; academia; local and national media; individuals affected by the response; and local and state governments. Two focus groups were then conducted in New York and Dallas, and study results were vetted with an expert advisory group.

Results:
Participants focused on a number of important areas to improve public health resilience to high-consequence infectious disease events, including governance and leadership, communication and public trust, quarantine and the law, monitoring programs, environmental decontamination, and waste management.

Conclusions:
Findings provided the basis for an evidence-informed checklist outlining specific actions for public health authorities to take to strengthen public health resilience to future high-consequence infectious disease events.
Clinical Macrosystem Simulation Translates Between Organizations
Authors: Bender G. Jesse , Maryman James A. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction
Simulation has become an integral tool in healthcare facility redesign. Immersing clinical experts into their future environment has demonstrated benefits for transition planning. This study evaluates translation of a proven macrosystems testing protocol, TESTPILOT, to an organization with limited simulation experience.

Methods
An experienced TESTPILOT team guided Woman's Hospital Baton Rouge's simulation preparation for their new neonatal intensive care unit. Metrics included participant evaluations, latent safety threats (LST), and clinician surveys. Latent safety threats recorded during debriefings were addressed by workflow committees. Clinicians were surveyed at four time points for readiness and preparedness on 24 key processes.

Results
The local team invested nearly 750 hours into learning and implementing seven simulations that participants rated positively. Most of the 305 LST were minor issues. Surveys at baseline (42% of staff), postsim (18%), pretransition (26%), and postmove (29%) demonstrated strong internal consistency. System readiness lagged behind staff preparedness (P < 0.007); both were higher after simulations (P ≤ 0.001) but at no other interval. Critical laboratory notification, rounding structure, team coverage, and feedback were still evolving as of move day (P < 0.02).

Discussion
Macrosystems testing using simulation identifies LST, improves process, and prepares staff. The methodology is implementable in organizations with limited prior exposure. Woman's Hospital Baton Rouge accrued essential skills to model and orchestrate an immersive neonatal intensive care unit and then drive effective multidisciplinary debriefings. Staff immersed in the new environment began to articulate their jobs before moving in. The trajectory of system readiness improvement corroborated LST correction. Future research is needed to determine the extent of simulation required for different organizational structures.
A new threat identified in the use of SDHIs pesticides targeting the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme
Authors: Bénit Paule , Bortoli Sylvie , Huc Laurence , Schiff Manuel , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Rak Malgorzata , Gressens Pierre , Favier Judith , Rustin Pierre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are now widely used worldwide as fungicides to limit the proliferation of molds in cereal crops, or to better preserve fruits, vegetables, and seeds from these molds, as well as to facilitate the lawn care for public spaces and golf courses. According to the companies that produce them, the SDHIs quite specifically inhibit the activity of the succinate dehydrogenase in the molds. We here establish that these inhibitors readily inhibit the earthworm and the human enzyme, raising a new concern on the danger of their large scale utilization in agriculture. This is all the more worrying as we know that the loss of function, partial or total, of the SDH activity caused by genetic variants causes severe human neurological diseases, or leads to the development of tumors and/or cancers.
Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland
Authors: Star Bastiaan , Barrett James H. , Gondek Agata T. , Boessenkool Sanne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe search for walruses as a source of ivory –a popular material for making luxury art objects in medieval Europe– played a key role in the historic Scandinavian expansion throughout the Arctic region. Most notably, the colonization, peak and collapse of the medieval Norse colony of Greenland have all been attributed to the proto-globalization of ivory trade. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced European ivory back to distinct populations of walrus in the Arctic. This limits our understanding of how ivory trade impacted the sustainability of northern societies and the ecology of the species they relied on. Here, we compare the mitogenomes of 27 archaeological walrus specimens from Europe and Greenland (most dated between 900 and 1400 CE) and 10 specimens from Svalbard (dated to the 18thand 19th centuries CE) to partial mitochondrial (MT) data of over 300 modern walruses. We discover two monophyletic mitochondrial clades, one of which is exclusively found in walrus populations of western Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. Investigating the chronology of these clades in our European archaeological remains, we identify a significant shift in resource use from predominantly eastern sources towards a near exclusive representation of walruses from western Greenland. These results provide empirical evidence for the economic importance of walrus for the Norse Greenland settlements and the integration of this remote, western Arctic resource into a medieval pan-European trade network.
Logical modelling and analysis of cellular regulatory networks with GINsim 3.0
Authors: Naldi Aurélien , Hernandez Céline , Abou-Jaoudé Wassim , Monteiro Pedro T. , Chaouiya Claudine , Thieffry Denis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe logical formalism is well adapted to model large cellular networks, for which detailed kinetic data are scarce. This tutorial focuses on this well-established qualitative framework. Relying on GINsim (release 3.0), a software implementing this formalism, we guide the reader step by step towards the definition, the analysis and the simulation of a four-node model of the mammalian p53-Mdm2 network.