bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Cakici Cagri , Yigitbasi Turkan , Ayla Sule , Karimkhani Hadi , Bayramoglu Feyza , Yigit Pakize , Kilic Ertugrul , Emekli Nesrin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Methods
In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used as control and experiment groups. The mice were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 10 mice. Calcitriol was intraperitoneally administered as low dose, medium dose, medium-high dose and high dose vitamin D groups (at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively), for three times a week during 14 days. At the end of the study, annexin V was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status values were measured by colorimetric method in serum. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed in liver tissues and periodic acid schiff staining was performed in kidney tissues.

Results
While comparing the results of medium-high dose (5 μg/kg) and high dose (10 μg/kg) vitamin D administration to that of the control group, it was observed that serum antioxidant status and annexin V levels decreased and glomerular mesenchial matrix ratio increased in kidney (p<0.05). In addition to these findings, in the group receiving high dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg), it was observed that the damage to the liver increased together with the the oxidative stress index values (p<0.05).

Conclusions
As a result, this study was the first in the literature to report that use of high-dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg) results in oxidant effect, rather than being an antioxidant, and causes severe histopathological toxicity in the liver and kidney.
The self as a source. A peasant farmer’s letters from prison (1848–1852)
Authors: Voeste Anja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBased on letters from prison written by a peasant farmer, this tentative, exemplar study tries to show the interconnection of two sides of the same historical process: the striving for linguistic ‘expression’ and the development of the modern self. The analysis shows that the letters’ author, J. H. Friedrich, succeeded in the creative act of expressing his psychological self on paper when the circumstances pushed him to do so. He communicated complex facts by using a rather elaborate syntax (while his writings also reveal misspellings and an erroneous morphosyntax). However, Friedrich did not archive his pragmatic aim of maintaining his much needed social bonds to his wife, family, and friends. The paper discusses the possibility that this might have been the case because his written style contrasted starkly with the oral communication of his former communities of practice. The study contributes to the third-wave approach in historical sociolinguistics (Conde-Silvestre, J. C. 2016, A ‘third-wave’ historical sociolinguistic approach to late Middle English correspondence: Evidence from the Stonor Letters. In Cinzia Russi (ed.),Current trends in historical sociolinguistics, 46–66. Warsaw & Berlin: de Gruyter) that seeks to present in detail that historical ‘speakers’ are anything but stable carriers of a given language variety but ‘tailor’ their own linguistic styles.
Crystal structure of diethyl 3,9-diphenyl-6,12-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-3,9-diazahexacyclo[6.4.0.02,7.04,11.05,10]dodecane-1,11-dicarboxylate, C42H42N2O6
Authors: Zhu Hao , Guo Ying-Ying , Liu Shan , Li Yi-Fan , Lan Han-Yang , Zhuang Peng-Yu , Zhong Qi-Di 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C42H42N2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.9848(14) Å, b = 20.816(4) Å, c = 11.543(2) Å, β = 99.745(5)°, V = 1654.1(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0377, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1019, T = 113(2) K.
Characterization of polymer electrolytes by dielectric response using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Chan Chin Han , Kammer Hans-Werner 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Authors present a phenomenological view on dielectric relaxation in polymer electrolytes, which is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular interaction of polymer chains with salt molecules (or dipole-dipole interaction between segments and salt molecules) leads to dipolar molecular entities. Frequency-dependant impedance spectra are the key quantities of the interest for determination of electric properties of materials and their interfaces with conducting electrodes. Salt concentration serves as parameter. Bulk and interfacial properties of the samples are discussed in terms of impedance (Z
*) and modulus (M
*) spectra. We focus on two different classes of systems, i.e. high molar mass of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)+lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) (i.e. the inorganic salt) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) with 25 mol% of epoxide content+LiClO4. Impedance spectra with salt content as parameter tell us that we have interaction between dipolar entities leading to dispersion of relaxation times. However, as scaling relations show, dispersion of relaxation times does not depend on salt content in the PEO system. The relaxation peak for the imaginary part of electric modulus (M″) provides information on long-range motion of dipoles. Summarizing the results from imaginary part of impedance spectrum (Z″), tan δ (imaginary/real of permittivities) and M″ for the two systems under the discussion, PEO behaves like a mixture of chains with dipoles. There are interactions between the dipoles, but they are relaxing individually. Therefore, we see PEO-salt system as a polymer electrolyte where only a tiny fraction of added salt molecules becomes electrically active in promoting conductance. However, ENR-25-salt system behaves just as a macroscopic dipole and it can not display electrode polarization or electric relaxation because there is no mobility of individual dipoles. Hence, ENR-25-salt does not form a polymer electrolyte in the classic sense.
Local Elections as a Sphere for Forming Citizens’ Political Identity
Authors: Turska-Kawa Agnieszka , Haček Miro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The specificity of local elections supports the idea that there is significantly more chance of developing political identity at the local level. Given the social specificity of local elections, we propose three hypotheses with the aim of ascertaining whether (i) the greater significance of these elections, (ii) the specificity of their political programmes and/or (iii) the proximity of voters to candidates lead to a stronger sense of individual political identity. These hypotheses are verified from a comparative perspective by reference to local elections in Poland and Slovenia.
The roles of special proresolving mediators in pain relief
Authors: Zhang Lan-yu , Jia Ming-rui , Sun Tao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe resolution of acute inflammation, once thought to be a passive process, is now recognized as an active one. The productions of endogenous special proresolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in this process. SPMs, including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated from ω-6 arachidonic acid or ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. They have potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions in various inflammatory disorders. Due to the potent proresolving and anti-inflammatory effects, SPMs are also used for pain relief. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which SPMs act on their respective G-protein-coupled receptors in immune cells and nerve cells to normalize pain via regulating inflammatory mediators, transient receptor potential ion channels, and central sensitization. SPMs may offer novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating pain conditions associated with inflammation.
Exact Solutions to Several Nonlinear Cases of Generalized Grad–Shafranov Equation for Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Flows in Axisymmetric Domain
Authors: Adem Abdullahi Rashid , Moawad Salah M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the steady-state equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamic incompressible flows in axisymmetric domains are investigated. These flows are governed by a second-order elliptic partial differential equation as a type of generalized Grad–Shafranov equation. The problem of finding exact equilibria to the full governing equations in the presence of incompressible mass flows is considered. Two different types of constraints on position variables are presented to construct exact solution classes for several nonlinear cases of the governing equations. Some of the obtained results are checked for their applications to magnetic confinement plasma. Besides, they cover many previous configurations and include new considerations about the nonlinearity of magnetic flux stream variables.
Variability and Reliability of Punching Impact Kinetics in Untrained Participants and Experienced Boxers
Authors: Lenetsky Seth , Brughelli Matt , Nates Roy J. , Cross Matt R. , Lormier Anna V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Lenetsky, S, Brughelli, M, Nates, RJ, Cross, MR, and Lormier, AV. Variability and reliability of punching impact kinetics in untrained participants and experienced boxers. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1838–1842, 2017—Striking impact kinetics are central to performance in combat sports. Despite a multitude of assessment, few in the literature have explored the variability and reliability of punching force assessment. Consequently, this study assessed the variability and reliability of measured punching impact kinetics in untrained and experienced boxers using a recently developed and validated method of striking dynamometry. Intrasession (both cohorts) and intersession (untrained only) measures of impulse, peak, and mean force were determined across 4 punch types (jabs, crosses, lead, and rear hand hooks) using coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and typical error of measurement (TEM). Moderate (ICC <0.67 or CV >10%) to small (ICC >0.67 and CV <10%) variability was found for intrasession results of both groups, the majority having small variability. Intersession findings of the untrained cohort had a similar spread of variability, but with the majority exhibiting moderate variability. All variables except for mean force of the cross in the experienced boxer cohort were found to exhibit a “moderated” magnitude of reliability determined by standardized TEM scores (TEM = 0.60–1.19) during intrasession testing. All variables had moderate reliability during intersession. This method was found to have acceptable variability and reliability when monitoring punching impact kinetics.
The Role of Strength Training for Lower Extremity Tendinopathy
Authors: Hartley David R. , McMahon John J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
TENDON INJURIES REPRESENT A COMMON PROBLEM FOR ATHLETES AND THE GENERAL POPULATION. SYMPTOMS CAN RESULT IN PROLONGED IMPAIRMENT OF PERFORMANCE. THIS REVIEW AIMED TO EXAMINE THE CURRENT RESEARCH UNDERPINNING COMMONLY USED STRENGTH TRAINING METHODS TO MANAGE LOWER LIMB TENDINOPATHY AND SUGGEST APPROPRIATE WAYS IN WHICH THESE METHODS CAN BE APPLIED BY STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONALS. ECCENTRIC TRAINING AND TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE TRAINING ARE OFTEN USED TO INCREASE A TENDON'S TOLERANCE TO LOAD, AND ISOMETRIC TRAINING IS EMERGING AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD TO ACHIEVE SIMILAR OUTCOMES. THESE TRAINING MODALITIES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN MANAGING TENDINOPATHY.
Review of the Badminton Lunge and Specific Training Considerations
Authors: Maloney Sean J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
LUNGE PERFORMANCE IS INTEGRAL TO PERFORMANCE IN THE SPORT OF BADMINTON. FOR THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACH TO APPROPRIATELY CONDITION THE LUNGE PATTERN, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE UNIQUE DEMANDS OF THE BADMINTON LUNGE ARE WELL UNDERSTOOD. THIS ARTICLE WILL CONSIDER THE KINETICS, KINEMATICS, AND DIFFERENT VARIATIONS OF THE BADMINTON LUNGE, IDENTIFY THE POTENTIAL DETERMINANTS OF LUNGE PERFORMANCE, AND HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE KEY TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS. IT IS PROPOSED THAT PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP THE LUNGE SHOULD ULTIMATELY CONSIDER 4 COMPONENTS: STABILITY, STRENGTH, POWER, AND SPECIFIC ENDURANCE.
The Evolution of American Airport Chapels: Local Negotiations in Religiously Pluralistic Contexts
Authors: Cadge Wendy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReligion and spirituality are present in many organizations in the contemporary United States. While religious studies scholars have traditionally focused on local congregations, some are branching out to explore religion in a broader range of public institutions. Between 1950, when many scholars conceptualized American religion in terms of Will Herberg's classic Protestant-Catholic-Jew and the present, chapels in public institutions including the military, healthcare centers, universities, prisons and airports have expanded and diversified. I focus on airports tracing the evolution of airport chapels from Catholic centered to more multi-faith to more religiously inclusive as unlikely, or perhaps just hidden, analytic mirrors for demographic and cultural changes in American religion. Theoretically, these chapels are case studies that show how the function and appropriate place for religion in public institutions has been improvised and negotiated locally. The clergy, airport personnel and airport chaplains who make decisions about these spaces lack consistent education about the topic and receive inconsistent guidance from laws and policies across city, state, and federal contexts. The chapel spaces that result are, therefore, much more varied than one might expect and shaped as much by fears about what could cause conflict as by responses to actual conflicts.
Echocardiographic assessment of left to right shunts: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent arterial duct
Authors: Deri Antigoni , English Kate 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This review article will guide the reader through the basics of echocardiographic assessment of congenital left to right shunts in both paediatric and adult age groups. After reading this article, the reader will understand the pathology and clinical presentation of atrial septal defects (ASDs), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) and patent arterial duct. Echocardiography is the mainstay in diagnosis and follow-up assessment of patients with congenital heart disease. This article will therefore describe the echocardiographic appearances of each lesion, and point the reader towards specific features to look for echocardiographically.
Layer-specific systolic and diastolic strain in hypertensive patients with and without mild diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Sharif Hisham , Ting Stephen , Forsythe Lynsey , McGregor Gordon , Banerjee Prithwish , O’Leary Deborah , Ditor David , George Keith , Zehnder Daniel , Oxborough David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study sought to examine layer-specific longitudinal and circumferential systolic and diastolic strain, strain rate (SR) and diastolic time intervals in hypertensive patients with and without diastolic dysfunction. Fifty-eight treated hypertensive patients were assigned to normal diastolic function (NDF, N = 39) or mild diastolic dysfunction (DD, N = 19) group. Layer-specific systolic and diastolic longitudinal and circumferential strains and SR were assessed. Results showed no between-group difference in left ventricular mass index (DD: 92.1 ± 18.1 vs NDF: 88.4 ± 16.3; P = 0.44). Patients with DD had a proportional reduction in longitudinal strain across the myocardium (endocardial for DD −13 ± 4%; vs NDF −17 ± 3, P < 0.01; epicardial for DD −10 ± 3% vs NDF −13 ± 3%, P < 0.01; global for DD: −12 ± 3% vs NDF: −15 ± 3, P = 0.01), and longitudinal mechanical diastolic impairments as evidenced by reduced longitudinal strain rate of early diastole (DD 0.7 ± 0.2 L/s vs NDF 1.0 ± 0.3 L/s, P < 0.01) and absence of a transmural gradient in the duration of diastolic strain (DD endocardial: 547 ± 105 ms vs epicardial: 542 ± 113 ms, P = 0.24; NDF endocardial: 566 ± 86 ms vs epicardial: 553 ± 77 ms, P = 0.03). Patients with DD also demonstrate a longer duration of early circumferential diastolic strain (231 ± 71 ms vs 189 ± 58 ms, P = 0.02). In conclusion, hypertensive patients with mild DD demonstrate a proportional reduction in longitudinal strain across the myocardium, as well as longitudinal mechanical diastolic impairment, and prolonging duration of circumferential mechanical relaxation.
The Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Second Chromosome Balancers in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Miller Danny E , Cook Kevin R , Hemenway Elizabeth A , Fang Vivienne , Miller Angela L , Hales Karen G , Hawley R Scott 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Balancer chromosomes are multiply inverted and rearranged chromosomes used in Drosophila melanogaster for many tasks, such as maintaining mutant alleles in stock and complex stock construction. Balancers were created before molecular characterization of their breakpoints was possible, so the precise locations of many of these breakpoints are unknown. Here, we report or confirm the positions of the 14 euchromatic breakpoints on the 2nd chromosome balancers SM1, SM5, CyO, and SM6a. This total includes three breakpoints involved in a complex rearrangement on SM5 that is associated with the duplication of two genomic regions. Unbiased sequencing of several balancers allowed us to identify stocks with incorrectly identified balancers as well as single and double crossover events that had occurred between 2nd chromosome balancers and their homologs. The confirmed crossover events that we recovered were at least 2 Mb from the closest inversion breakpoint, consistent with observations from other balancer chromosomes. Balancer chromosomes differ from one another both by large tracts of sequence diversity generated by recombination and by small differences, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, we also report loss-of-function mutations carried by these chromosomes and unique SNP and InDel polymorphisms present on only single balancers. These findings provide valuable information about the structure of commonly used 2nd chromosome balancers and extend recent work examining the structure of X and 3rd chromosome balancers. Finally, these observations provide new insights into how the sequences of individual balancers have diverged over time.
Eveningness is associated with poor sleep quality and negative affect in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Simor Péter , Harsányi András , Csigó Kata , Miklós Gergely , Lázár Alpár Sándor , Demeter Gyula 
Published: February 2018

Background
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors that severely encumber daily functioning. OCD patients seem to exhibit sleep disturbances, especially delayed bedtimes that reflect disrupted circadian rhythmicity. Morningness–eveningness is a fundamental factor reflecting individual variations in diurnal preferences related to sleep and waking activities. Eveningness reflecting a delayed sleep–wake timing has repeatedly been associated with sleep problems and negative affect (NA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between morningness–eveningness, sleep complaints, and symptom severity in OCD patients and compared with a mixed psychiatric control group.

Materials and methods
The data of 49 OCD and 49 mixed psychiatric inpatients (with unipolar depression and anxiety disorders) were analyzed. Patients completed questionnaires regarding morningness–eveningness, sleep quality, nightmare frequency, depression, anxiety, and affective states. Obsessive and compulsive symptom severity was also assessed within the OCD group by clinician-rated scales.

Results
Eveningness preference was associated with impaired sleep quality and higher NA in OCD patients. In addition, impaired sleep quality showed a moderate correlation with anxiety and strong correlations with depressive symptoms and NA. Interestingly, in the mixed psychiatric group, eveningness was not linked to NA, and sleep quality also showed weaker associations with depressive symptoms and NA. Within the OCD group, eveningness preference was predictive of poorer sleep quality regardless the influence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that eveningness and sleep complaints are predictive of affective dysfunctions, and should be carefully considered in the evaluation and treatment of OCD patients.
1850- 1950 Yılları Arasında Seyahatnamelerin Işığı Altında Doğu Türkistan Şehirleri
Authors: YILMAZ VURGUN Seda 
Published: February 2018

Doğu
Türkistan Türklerin en eski yerleşim alanlarından biridir. Hunlar, Göktürkler
ve Uygurlar bölgeye hakim olan Türk devletlerindendir. Doğu Türkistan
toprakları Moğolların ardından Çağatay hanlığının sınırlarına dahil olmuş, 1750’de
Çin işgali başlamış ve 1862 tarihine kadar sürmüştür. Bu süre içinde Doğu
Türkistan’da çok sayıda isyan hareketi olmuştur. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında
Yakup Bey, Kaşgar merkez olmak üzere dönemine göre güçlü bir devlet kurmayı
başarmıştır. Doğu Türkistan halkı Çin
hakimiyetine girdikten sonra her alanda kısıtlanmıştır. Rusya ve İngiltere'nin bölgeye
etki etme çabaları durumu daha da karmaşık bir hale sokmuştur. Rusya, Doğu
Türkistan'daki Çin hakimiyetinden rahatsızlık duymuş bu nedenle her fırsata bölgeye
etki etmeye çalışmıştır. İngiltere ise Hindistan'daki ticari çıkarlarından
dolayı Doğu Türkistan ile yakın temas halinde olmuştur. Bu
çalışmada Doğu Türkistan şehirlerindeki idari yapı ve sosyo-kültürel hayat seyahatnameler
başta olmak üzere yabancı ve yerli araştırma eserlerin ışığı altında
incelenmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından XX. yüzyılın ilk yarısına kadar
Doğu Türkistan'ı ziyaret eden seyyahlar şehirlerdeki demografik yapı ve dini
hayat hakkında bilgi vermişlerdir. Doğu Türkistan halkının beslenme kültürleri ve eğitim-öğretim yöntemleri seyahatnamelerde üzerinde durulan diğer
konulardandır.
14. Yüzyılda Osmanlı - Bizans Ucunda Toplumsal Hayat
Authors: KARAKÖK Tunay 
Published: February 2018

13. yüzyılda
Anadolu’da Türk beyliği olarak kurulan Osmanoğulları, güçlerine dayanarak Bizans’tan
toprak almışlar ve devlet olmayı başarmışlardır. Devlet olmayı başaran
Osmanlılar aynı zamanda Bizans ile sınır komşusu haline de gelmişlerdir. İşte bu
çalışma bu karışık ama aynı zamanda da kültürler arası alışverişlerin kolayca
ve sıkça yaşandığı sınırlardan – uçlardan biri olan 14. yüzyılda Osmanlı –
Bizans ucunda yaşanan toplumsal hayatı ele almaktadır. Çalışmamız bu bağlamda:
genel bir değerlendirmenin yapıldığı ve sınır – uç kavramının ele alındığı bir
giriş; Osmanlıların Anadolu’ya Gelişi ve
Bizans Sınırına Yerleşmeleri ile 14. yüzyılda Osmanlı ve Bizans İmparatorluklarının
siyasi durumları ile münasebetlerinin anlatıldığı birinci bölüm; 14. yüzyılda
Osmanlı ve Bizans Ucunda yaşanan toplumsal hayatın detaylandırılarak
anlatıldığı ikinci bölüm ve bir de anlatılanların toparlanarak özetlendiği
sonuç bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır.