bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERT EVALUATION OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PHARMACODYNAMICS OF MEDICINES
Authors: Engalycheva G. N. , Subaev R. D. , Gorachev D. V. , Olefir Yu. V. 
Published: September 2018

The article dwells upon the results of comparative analysis of the Russian national requirements and EAEU regulations dealing with evaluation of preclinical pharmacological studies. It highlights historical aspects of elaboration of regulatory requirements and scientific and methodological recommendations for conducting and evaluating preclinical pharmacological studies. According to the EAEU Rules of registration and evaluation of medicinal products for human use, the Common Technical Document has to include information on primary pharmacodynamics, secondary pharmacodynamics, safety pharmacology studies, and pharmacodynamic drug interactions, which are subject to evaluation during examination of the preclinical study results. The national guideline on evaluation of medicines does not contain any clear indication of the subject of examination in primary and secondary pharmacodynamic studies, which can make it difficult to prepare a registration dossier in the format of a Common Technical Document. The article formulates basic approaches to expert evaluation of the results of preclinical studies of primary and secondary pharmacodynamics of medicines. It determines the basics of expert evaluation which covers methodological framework of the research, results of the research, characteristics of the safety profile, extrapolation of preclinical data, characteristics of risk factors and of the predictable clinical safety profile for patients.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF USING AMINO, AMIDE AND NITRILE SORBENTS IN HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Osipov A. S. , Popova O. A. , Larionova S. G. 
Published: September 2018

The article summarises the results of studies of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography performed from 2013 until 2017. The analysis of results obtained during separation of a number of model mixtures of compounds having different nature helped to compare the characteristics of columns packed with amino, amide and nitrile sorbents. It was demonstrated that columns packed with amino sorbents could be used for the analysis of both hydrophilic compounds and some hydrophobic compounds containing acidic (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and potentially acidic groups (nitro groups of nitro compounds; phenolic hydroxyl groups of butylhydroxyanisole isomers and parabens). It was discovered that chromatographic columns packed with nitrile and amide sorbents have common properties and can be used for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds (hydroxycarbamide) and platinum coordination compounds, but cannot be used for the analysis of butylhydroxyanisole isomers, esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and nitrate esters of isosorbide. The article offers hypotheses about possible mechanisms of interaction between test substances and sorbents. It was concluded that the increase in the acetonitrile content in mobile phases, which increases the retention time of the test substances and results in better resolution between their peaks, illustrates the mechanism of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.
ELIMINATION OF FALSE RESULTS OF MEDICINES MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING
Authors: Buylova I. A. , Sakhno N. G. , Bulgakova G. M. , Gunar O. V. 
Published: September 2018

The validity of medicines microbial quality testing relies on the adequacy of the test procedure employed. The aim of the study was to analyse factors triggering false results during microbial quality testing of non-sterile medicinal products, as well as to find ways of their elimination. Materials and methods: the study was focused on non-sterile medicinal products tested for microbial quality: N-methylglucamine, L-Malic acid, Xeroform, Fingolimod hydrochloride, Succinic acid, Streptocide, Aripiprazole, Doxazosin, Clopidogrel, Moxonidine, Tilorone, Mycophenolic acid, Folic acid, Gabapentin, Dutasteride, Imatinib, Temozolomide. The study involved the use of the following test strains: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus brasiliensis, as well as of reagents and growth media. The methods used were determination of antimicrobial activity under conditions of microbial quality testing, and modified in-depth testing of microbial quality of medicinal products according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition. Results: the analysis of literature sources helped reveal the main factors causing false results of microbiological testing and determine ways of their elimination. The article sets forth the results of experimental comparison of two ways of sample preparation for solid formulations: the standard one described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th edition, and the one involving the use of a laboratory shaker. The article provides experimental data on specific aspects of elimination of antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and B. cereus and the use of specific inactivators for particular medicinal products. Conclusions: a set of measures aimed at prevention of false-positive and false-negative testing results should include: sterility control of the growth media and reagents used, monitoring of facilities; control of growth promotion properties and selectivity of the growth media; selection of adequate incubation conditions and inoculation procedure with due regard to the dosage form; justification of the amount of sample, diluents and dilution factor used; consideration of the antimicrobial activity of a medicinal product.
Negative Binomial Model in Linking Water-borne and Vector-borne Disease Hospitalizations with Climate Sensitive Variables in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Srijan Lal 
Published: September 2018

Background: Several statistical models are built to associate climate sensitive variables such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed with selected water-borne (WB) diseases namely enteric fever, diarrhea and dysentery and vector-borne (VB) diseases namely malaria, encephalitis and leishmaniasis separately based upon daily time series data.Objective: The objective of the paper is to associate climate sensitive variables with WB and VB diseases in the context of Nepal through building statistical models.Materials and Methods: Analysis is based upon the ecological study design with five years of daily hospital inpatient data collected from 22 leading hospitals of 10 districts spread across all the three ecobelts of Nepal and corresponding meteorological data covering 16 stations of the selected districts collected from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology for the period 2009-2014. Negative binomial model is found suitable and used to account the over-dispersed count response variables.Results: Temperature is found to be consistently and positively associated with the accounted disease hospitalizations with around 3-9% (95% CI: 1.3-10.1% combined) and 2-12% (95% CI: 0.3-15.1% combined) estimated increase in WB and VB diseases per 10C increase in average temperature, respectively. However, the same type and level of consistency are not detected in the remaining meteorological variables in the presence of confounders like annual trend, holiday effect and seasonality.Conclusion: Under the climate change scenario of Nepal, WB and VB diseases that can be attributed to rise in temperature is expected to increase in future with substantial attributable burden of diseases. Consequently, Nepal needs to face the challenges of climate change by improving health facilities, reducing poverty among Nepalese people, implementing suitable adaptation and vulnerability related plans and policies, widespread use of eco-friendly energy and technology, etc. along with achieving the targeted sustainable development goals in years to come. Nepalese Journal of Statistics, Vol. 2, 11-26
Perception of District Judges and Lawyers Towards Medico-legal Reports, Medical Certificates and Medical Expert Opinion
Authors: Subedi Nuwadatta , Giri Hima Raj 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The medico legal reports and certificates prepared by doctors can be used as valuable documentary evidence in the court of law. The study was designed with objectives to explore the perception of judges and lawyers about the quality of medico legal reports prepared by the doctors and their competence in providing the expert evidence in the court.
Methods: It is a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted among the district judges and government attorneys of 75 districts of Nepal from March to May 2016. The data obtained was analysed by SPSS version 16.0.
Results: Among a total of 78 participants who responded the questionnaire, 40 (51.3%) were district judges and 38 (48.7%) district attorneys. Most of them graded that the reports prepared by the doctors were just average. Among them, 49 (63.6%) strongly agreed and 28 (36.4%) partially agreed that the reports were useful in deciding the cases. A total of 44 (56.4%) respondents strongly agreed and 34 (43.6%) partially agreed that expert opinion of the doctors in the courts were useful to decide the cases. Seventy one (92.2%) of them rated general doctors as moderately competent.
Conclusions: The medical reports prepared by the Nepalese doctors were just average as perceived by judges and lawyers and the competency in presenting the evidence in courts was moderate as rated by them.
Prevalence and Its Associated Risk Factors in Tooth Wear
Authors: Shrestha Deepti , Rajbhandari Prerisha 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Tooth wear is described as loss of hard tooth tissue with no occurrence of dental caries or trauma. Basic Erosive Wear Examination, a new scoring system, is a partial scoring system recording the most severely affected surface in a sextant and the cumulative score guides the management of the condition for the practitioner. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of tooth wear and its association with its risk factors like gender, oral hygiene, diet, general health and life style.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 364 dental patients of Kathmandu Medical College. A questionnaire was filled by interview and Basic Erosive Wear Examination was done. The data so collected were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square tests were done at confidence interval of 95% and statistical significance was set at P=0.05.
Results: The prevalence of tooth wear was 218 (60.1%) with no significant gender difference. A significant association was observed between tooth wear and age group (P<0.01), duration of brushing (P=0.05), method of brushing (P<0.01), swishing of soft drinks before swallowing (P<0.01) and tobacco chewing (P=0.02).
Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth wear in the study population was high.
Awareness Level of Radiation Protection among Dental Students
Authors: Garg Deepanshu , Kapoor Deepika 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Dental radiographs have always been the mainstay of the diagnosis of oral diseases. Even if the radiation hazard posed by the dental radiographs is low but still accumulation of such low level radiation in human body over a time period can pose a threat to the overall health of the individual. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of dental students about radiation protection and hazards.
Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling one hundred 4th year dental students from the two teaching hospitals in Chitwan district of Nepal. A questionnaire consisting of a total of 20 questions was distributed and each question was allocated 0.5 marks for correct response whereas no deduction for wrong answer.
Results: The results of the present study depicted that 85 (85%) of the total students enrolled in the study had “good” knowledge about the radiation physics, protection and hazards whereas only 15 (15%) of them had “poor” knowledge.
Conclusions: The study concluded that teachers should involve in imparting more and more knowledge as well as training about the topic and dental curriculum should be altered so as to train the budding dentists about all aspects of radiation.
Evaluation of Graft Uptake and Hearing Assessment after Palisade Myringoplasty
Authors: KC Poonam 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Cartilage as a graft for closure of tympanic membrane has got superior benefits than other usual grafts (temporalis fascia and perichondrium). Cartilage supported myringoplasty with palisade technique has good result of graft uptake rate, even under difficult conditions. This technique brings very good functional and better long-term results. This study is done to assess graft uptake rate and hearing improvement after myringoplasty with cartilage palisade technique.
Methods: It is a descriptive, hospital based observational study done at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara between 2014-2017. A total of 45 patients aged between 13 years and 44 years diagnosed with chronic otitis media-mucosal were taken. Pure tone audiometry was done before and six months after surgery. Graft uptake and Post-operative hearing gain was evaluated after six months. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: Graft uptake rate was 41 (91.1%). The mean pre-and post-operative pure tone average were 26.88dB and 8.44dB respectively. The post-operative hearing gain was 18.36dB. Hearing improvement after surgery was found to be statistically highly significant with P<0.001.
Conclusions: Cartilage supported myringoplasty using palisade technique is preferred for chronic otitis media-mucosal with large and sub-total tympanic membrane perforation.
Behaviour and push-out test of concrete dowel connectors for longitudinal shear in shallow-hollow composite beams
Authors: Duc Han Ngoc , Tuan Vu Anh , Dat Nguyen Tuan 
Published: September 2018

The shear transferring mechanisms of shallow-hollow composite beams with concrete slab cast in place are different with conventional headed shear studs and have not been investigated previously. In this study, the behavior and push-out test of concrete dowel connectors for longitudinal shear in shallow-hollow composite beams are described. The theory prediction for concrete dowel connectors without tie-bars adopted in this study was based on EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1994-1-1. Push-out tests of three specimens were conducted and the results were compared with theory prediction and published formula to identify longitudinal shear resistance. The failure of specimens and the ultimate failure load values of push-out test were proved that the behavior of concrete dowel in shallow-hollow composite beams was not under pure shear stress.
Keywords: steel-concrete composite beam; shallow-hollow composite beam; concrete dowel connectors; longitudinal shear resistance; shallow floor structure.
A risk assessment framework for construction project using artificial neural network
Authors: Ha Le Hong , Hung Le , Trung Le Quang 
Published: September 2018

The current trend of increasing construction project size and complexity results in higher level of project risk. As a result, risk management is a crucial determinant of the success of a project. It seems necessary for construction companies to integrate a risk management system into their organizational structure. The main aim of this paper is to propose a risk assessment framework using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. Three main phases of the proposed framework are risk management phase, ANN training phase and framework application phase. Thereby, Risk Factors are identified and analysed using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique. ANN model is created and trained to evaluate the impact of Risk Factors on Project Risk which is represented through the ratio of contractor’s profit to project costs. As a result, the framework with successful model is used as a tool to support the construction company in assessing risk and evaluate their impact on the project’s profit for new projects.
Keywords: risk management; risk assessment; Artificial Neural Network (ANN); Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA); construction project.
Urban renewal applicable to an increase in density: Conceptualization of compact-KDT in Vietnam with Hanoi as a case study
Authors: Tung Tran Minh 
Published: September 2018

Urban renewal projects are becoming more and more active, especially in public-owned gold land plots in Vietnam's cities center. The re-development of these land resources known as the residentialization: transformation of different land-use functions into new residential areas (also new neighborhoods) - the KDTM ({Khu Do Thi Moi} abbreviated in Vietnamese) - is increasing the urban density in these areas. Vietnam uses three factors to control urban density: building density; number of floors and/or height of the building; floor area ratio. The current tasks of land-use policies are the determination of an urban density that can adapt to the development of urban space; take full advantage of the land value increment, boost investments without causing any consequences because of the overcrowded population. The residential units will be called compact units when their (occupancy) density exceeds the threshold of 300 persons/ha. For the Compact-KDT concept (compacted KDTM), it is recommended to have: (1) the average level of compactness corresponding to the density of 300 to 600 persons/ha; (2a) the high level of compactness to be controlled - 600 to 1200 persons/ha; (2b) the high level of compactness to be strictly controlled and applied in some exceptional cases - 1200 to 2000 persons/ha; (3) the extremely high level of compactness to be avoided - more than 2000 persons/ha. A Compact-KDT always guarantees the functions of a "normal" KDTM, there are some functionalities that should be added: organization of land-use and spatial functions; public spaces; internal traffic; and reducing energy consumption and the use of non-recyclable natural resources. Rather than being passive to fluctuations in urban density, this increase can be accommodated with a calm and fair attitude by analyzing adverse consequences and the benefits of this process, not just negative effects for the development of urban space, the concentration of population and the economic growth of cities.
Keywords: urban renewal; urban density; new urban areas/new residential areas (KDTM - Khu Do Thi Moi); residentialization; (new) compact urban areas (Compacted KDTM/Compact-KDT).
A study on energy consumption of hotel buildings in Vietnam
Authors: Dat Mac Van , Quang Tran Ngoc 
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to determine energy use intensity (EUI) and the percentage of end-use energy consumption in hotel buildings in major cities of Vietnam, including Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Data from 32 hotels were gathered from the website on energy efficiency promotion of Ministry of Construction. The average EUI in the whole country was 151 kWh/m2.year, and the figures for Hanoi, Da Nang, and HCMC were 184; 71 and 212 kWh/m2.year, respectively. At the same time, the structure of end-use energy consumption was estimated, of which 54% for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), 10% for lighting, 19% for plug equipment and 17% for lifts.
Keywords: energy consumption; energy use intensity (EUI); end-use energy consumption.
School Reforms and Educational Inequalities in Post-Communist Poland
Authors: Pawlak Robert 
Published: September 2018

The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a study about stratification in the school system in Poland. The research was conducted in Krakow, the former capital of Poland, in 2011-2012. The data come from statistics on local education system, individual in-depth interviews with school masters and teachers from lower secondary schools as well as politicians representing the local government. Special attention was paid to school recruitment policies, unequal access to education for students from different backgrounds, and the local government strategy for education. As a result, three types of lower secondary schools were identified: 1) elite non-public schools; 2) the best public lower secondary schools and 3) schools for students from poor families, facing enormous problems and substantial educational needs. We concluded that the education policy of the local authorities of Krakow is not effective in terms of equalization of opportunities of the children and youth from socially neglected and marginalized communities.
Models Integrative Bioethics in Different Countries
Authors: Hubenko Anna 
Published: September 2018

The concept of integrated bioethics is popular in the different countries and it is united by the common idea about need of a discussion in the field of bioethics, in different sectors of society. The essential part of this concept is the vision of «bioethics» by Fritz Jar (1927) and his bioethical imperative. The article of this researcher, which was found only in 1997, extends a new format of the bioethical ideas, and also possibilities of understanding of bioethics as integrated entity. The review of scientific groups in Croatia and Germany has revealed a variety of approaches, views of bioethics, and also has brought us to a cooperative image of the solution of problems in education in a general sense and in the sphere of bioethical education.
In a concept of bioethics «integrative» is attempt to establish a discourse of various points of view. Providing various positions, the integrated bioethics can give orientation for people who face an ethical/bioethical perspective. Therefore in integrative bioethics the idea of to accept various points of view, without any form of hierarchy is active, but also without falling into an ethical relativism. Important aspect is also the fact that discussion of these questions generates sensitivity of society to these questions.
Values and Ideals: Theory and Praxis
Authors: Matusevych Tetiana 
Published: September 2018

XI World Congress of the International Society for Universal Dialogue (ISUD)
This article is devoted to the authors’ reflections from the participation in the
XI World Congress of the International Universal Dialogue Society (ISUD) «values ​​and ideals: Theory and Practice", which was held in 11 to 16 July in Warsaw. The wide thematic spectrum of the plenary and other sections of the Congress provide discussion of the role of ideals and values ​​from a wide range of theoretical and practical positions. It is important to mention the high level of organization of the Congress, primarily due to the long-term effectiveness of the international dialogue of universal society (ISUD).