bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular somatic cells in the stony coral Euphyllia ancora express an endogenous green fluorescent protein
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Ling , Shikina Shinya , Chang Ching‐Fong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn a variety of organisms, adult gonads contain several specialized somatic cells that regulate and support the development of germline cells. In stony corals, the characteristics and functions of gonadal somatic cells remain largely unknown. No molecular markers are currently available that allow for the identification and enrichment of gonadal somatic cells in corals. Here, we showed that the testicular somatic cells of a stony coral, Euphyllia ancora, express an endogenous green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fluorescence microscopy showed that, in contrast to the endogenous expression of the red fluorescent protein of E. ancora ovaries that we have previously reported, the testes displayed a distinct green fluorescence. Molecular identification and spectrum characterization demonstrated that E. ancora testes expressed a GFP (named EaGFP) that is a homolog of the GFP from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and that possesses an excitation maximum of 506 nm and an emission maximum of 514 nm. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the testicular somatic cells, but not the germ cells, expressed EaGFP. EaGFP was enclosed within one or a few granules in the cytoplasm of testicular somatic cells, and the granule number decreased as spermatogenesis proceeded. We also showed that testicular somatic cells could be enriched by using endogenous GFP as an indicator. The present study not only revealed one of the unique cellular characteristics of coral testicular cells but also established a technical basis for more in‐depth investigations of the function of testicular somatic cells in spermatogenesis in future studies.
Anxiety severity does not influence treatment outcomes in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Yu Wan Ru , Peng Tai Chu , Yeh Hui Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsPatients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) typically experience anxiety mood status, which is closely connected with physical and psychological status and treatment outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anxiety severity on therapeutic results in IC/BPS patients.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled IC/BPS patients who had previously undergone any kind of treatment for their disease. The primary endpoint was a change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores at 3 months after treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in the Global Response Assessment (GRA), O'Leary‐Sant symptom score (OSS), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 3 months after treatment. Urodynamic studies were also compared with the clinical symptom scores.ResultsOverall, 85 IC/BPS patients (mean age, 53.1 ± 12.4 years) were included in the study. At 3 months, changes in the GRA were not significantly different among the different anxiety severity groups. At baseline, 55 (64.7%) patients had moderate or severe anxiety. We observed a significant positive correlation between the change in BAI and the change in OSS after treatment and a significantly negative correlation with GRA at 3 months. Moreover, improvements in OSS and NRS were associated with the change in GRA. Changes in IC symptoms, but not physiological outcomes, were associated with improved anxiety status after treatment. In addition, the change in BAI was significantly associated with age, baseline BAI, and changes in OSS and GRA after treatment.ConclusionsBaseline anxiety severity does not influence treatment outcomes of IC/BPS. Patients should receive active treatment regardless of their baseline anxiety status.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations
Authors: Knight David S. , Landry Susan , Zucker Tricia A. , Merz Emily C. , Guttentag Cathy L. , Taylor Heather B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.
Is there a role for chemotherapy after local relapse in high‐grade osteosarcoma?
Authors: Palmerini Emanuela , Torricelli Elisa , Cascinu Stefano , Pierini Michela , De Paolis Massimiliano , Donati Davide , Cesari Marilena , Longhi Alessandra , Abate Massimo , Paioli Anna , Setola Elisabetta , Ferrari Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐grade bone osteosarcoma has a high relapse rate. The best treatment of local recurrence (LR) is under discussion. The aim of this study is to analyze LR patterns and factors prognostic for survival.MethodsLR diagnostic modality (clinical or imaging), pattern of recurrence, and post‐LR survival (PLRS) were assessed.ResultsSixty‐two patients were identified, with median age 21 years (range, 9–75 years), including 11 (18%) ≤15 years, 30 (48%) from 16 to 29 years; 21 (34%) were older. Patterns of relapse were LR only 58%, LR + distant metastases (DM) 42%. Seventy‐nine percent of patients relapsed within 24 months, and diagnosis was clinical in 88%. LR treatment was surgery 85%, chemotherapy 55%, chemotherapy + surgery 45%. Surgical complete remission after LR (CR2) was achieved in 60% (LR 86%; LR + DM 23%). With a median follow‐up of 43 months (range, 5–235 months), the five‐year PLRS was 37%, significantly better for patients with longer LR‐free interval (LRFI; ≤24 months 31% vs > 24 months 61.5%, P = 0.03), absence of DM (no DM 56% vs DM 11.5%, P = 0.0001), and achievement of CR2 (no CR2 0% vs CR2 58.5%, P = 0.0001). No difference was found according to age and chemotherapy (LR only: five‐year PLRS: 53% without chemotherapy vs 58% with chemotherapy, P = 0.9; LR + DM: five‐year PLRS: 25% without chemotherapy vs 9% with chemotherapy, P = 0.7).ConclusionsEarly relapse is detected by symptoms in 90% of cases and associated with worse outcome. The achievement of CR2, not age, is crucial for survival. For patients with LR only, better survival was demonstrated, as compared with DM, and no improvement with chemotherapy after surgery was found.
Micellization behavior of cationic and anionic surfactant mixtures at different temperatures: Effect of sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate salts
Authors: Mahbub Shamim , Rub Malik Abdul , Hoque Md. Anamul , Khan Mohammed Abdullah , Kumar Dileep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, we applied the conductivity measurement technique in order to estimate the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of pure sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as well as their mixed systems in attendance of different salts at five various temperatures. The micellization of SDS + CTAB mixed systems was found to take place at intermediate cmc values of the two pure surfactants. The values of cmc dwindle with the enhancement of the mole fraction of CTAB. The cmc values follow different trend in different salts. The degree of the interaction between SDS and CTAB in occurrence of salt was estimated from the experimentally estimated value of cmc and their ideal values (cmcid). The observed cmc of individual surfactants along with their mixed systems dwindles in the occurrence of the electrolyte. The values of micellar mole fraction, X1, of CTAB at different stoichiometric mole fractions of CTAB was determined on the basis of different proposed models mentioned in the literature. Different thermodynamics parameters were estimated from the magnitudes of the degree of counterion dissociation and cmc at different temperatures. The magnitudes of free energy of micellization (
), interaction parameter (β), and excess free energy (∆Gex) estimated for the studied systems were obtained to be negative in absence/attendance of electrolyte at all temperatures. The values of activity coefficients (f1 and f2) were also determined on the basis of different proposed models. All of the estimated results signify the strong interaction between the studied amphiphiles.
The Rational Higher Structure of M‐theory
Authors: Fiorenza Domenico , Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe review how core structures of string/M‐theory emerge as higher structures in super homotopy theory; namely from systematic analysis of the brane bouquet of universal invariant higher central extensions growing out of the superpoint. Since super homotopy theory is immensely rich, to start with we consider this in the rational/infinitesimal approximation which ignores torsion‐subgroups in brane charges and focuses on tangent spaces of super space‐time. Already at this level, super homotopy theory discovers all super p‐brane species, their intersection laws, their M/IIA‐, T‐ and S‐duality relations, their black brane avatars at ADE‐singularities, including their instanton contributions, and, last not least, Dirac charge quantization: for the D‐branes it recovers twisted K‐theory, rationally, but for the M‐branes it gives cohomotopy cohomology theory. We close with an outlook on the lift of these results beyond the rational/infinitesimal approximation to a candidate formalization of microscopic M‐theory in super homotopy theory.
Luminescent Palladacycles Containing a Pyrene Chromophor; Synthesis, Biological and Computational Studies of the Interaction with DNA and BSA
Authors: Karami Kazem , Ramezanpour Azar , Zakariazadeh Mostafa , Shahpiri Azar , Kharaziha Mahshid , Kazeminasab Akram 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the most active areas within the field of bioorganometallic chemistry, complexes of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), have recently gained interest. Herein, we report two luminescent palladium N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes; namely [Pd{(C,N)‐C6H4CH2NH(CH2CH3)}(1)] (2) and [Pd{(C,N)‐C6H4CH2NH2}(1)] (3) (1=1‐methyl‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐(pyren‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) which were synthesized from the reaction of luminescent imidazolium salt (1(H)Br) and binuclear Palladacycles. The interactions of them with CT‐DNA evaluated via absorption, emission and CD spectral techniques as well as measurements of viscosity and thermal denaturation and the results have been shown that they bounded to CT‐DNA by intercalation and groove binding modes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 2–3 and 1(H)Br on human breast (MCF‐7) and cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cancer cells lines, indicated the wide range of anticancer activities of them with low IC50 values. Moreover, based on the protein binding ability studies, the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA could be strongly quenched by compounds via a static quenching mechanism. Competitive binding study using Eosin, Digoxin and Ibuprofen as site markers, indicated that the compounds could bind to sites I and II on BSA structure. Finally, all data obtained from biophysical studies were validated by molecular modeling study. Computational results showed that palladium complexes have the potential for detection of mismatch DNA.
A Circular Economy Approach to Fish Oil Extraction
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Scurria Antonino , Avellone Giuseppe , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFish oil rich in polyunsaturated omega‐3 fatty acids is extracted in high yield from anchovy filleting waste using d‐limonene as green biosolvent in a simple solid‐liquid extraction performed by mechanically stirring and maceration followed by limonene removal via evaporation under reduced pressure. As limonene is renewably obtained from waste orange peel, this method closes the materials cycle and establishes a circular economy process to obtain high quality fish oil from biowaste available worldwide in several million t/year amount. Significant economic, social and environmental benefits are anticipated.
Atom Probe Tomography for 3D Structural and Chemical Analysis of Individual Proteins
Authors: Sundell Gustav , Hulander Mats , Pihl Astrid , Andersson Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDetermination of the 3D structure of proteins and other biomolecules is a major goal in structural biology, to provide insights to their biological function. Such structures are historically unveiled experimentally by X‐ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, and in recent years using cryo‐electron microscopy. Here, a method for structural analysis of individual proteins on the sub‐nanometer scale using atom probe tomography is described. This technique offers a combination of high‐resolution analysis of biomolecules in 3D, and the chemical sensitivity of mass spectrometry. As a model protein, the well‐characterized antibody IgG is used. IgG is encapsulated in an amorphous solid silica matrix via a sol–gel process to provide the requisite support for atom probe analysis. The silica synthesis is tuned to resemble physiological conditions. The 3D reconstructions show good agreement with the protein databank IgG crystal structure. This suggests that the silica‐embedding strategy can open the field of atom probe tomography to the analysis of biological molecules. In addition to high‐resolution structural information, the technique may potentially provide chemical information on the atomic scale using isotopic labeling. It is envisaged that this method may constitute a useful complement to existing tools in structural biology, particularly for the examination of proteins with low propensity for crystallization.
Multifarious Transit Gates for Programmable Delivery of Bio‐functionalized Matters
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Torati Sri Ramulu , Kim Hyeonseol , Yoon Jonghwan , Lim Byeonghwa , Kim Kunwoo , Sitti Metin , Kim CheolGi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProgrammable delivery of biological matter is indispensable for the massive arrays of individual objects in biochemical and biomedical applications. Although a digital manipulation of single cells has been implemented by the integrated circuits of micromagnetophoretic patterns with current wires, the complex fabrication process and multiple current operation steps restrict its practical application for biomolecule arrays. Here, a convenient approach using multifarious transit gates is proposed, for digital manipulation of biofunctionalized microrobotic particles that can pass through the local energy barriers by a time‐dependent pulsed magnetic field instead of multiple current wires. The multifarious transit gates including return, delay, and resistance linear gates, as well as dividing, reversed, and rectifying T‐junction gates, are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the programmable manipulation of microrobotic particles. The results demonstrate that, a suitable angle of the gating field at a suitable time zone is crucial to implement digital operations at integrated multifarious transit gates along bifurcation paths to trap microrobotic particles in specific apartments, paving the way for flexible on‐chip arrays of biomolecules and cells.
Level and distribution of nutrients in the hyporheic zone of Lake Taihu (China) and potential drivers
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Yingying , Xu Chun 
Published: May 2019

To better understand the nutrient distributions in the hyporheic zone of a large shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) and the potential drivers, the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were investigated in March and December 2016. Spatial differences in the TN and TP contents existed in the hyporheic zone, particularly between the eastern and southern zones and the western and northern zones. The TOC/TN ratios in the western, northern, and central zones were mostly <8 and even reached 4, indicating that organic matter originated from aquatic organisms and algae, whereas those in the southern and eastern zones exhibited wide ranges, indicating complex pollution sources. The chloride depth profiles suggested that upwelling hyporheic flow potentially occurred in the southern, western, and northern zones, while alternating flow directions occurred in the eastern zone and no flow or weak flow occurred in the central zone. Compared to the 1st investigation, the TOC, TN, and TP in sediments in the 2nd investigation increased by 13%, 41%, and 87%, respectively, and these changes were mostly due to large hyporheic fluxes with high nutrient concentrations from shallow groundwater. The behavior of the hyporheic zone as an active pollution source/sink due to hyporheic flow should be considered in the comprehensive management of Lake Taihu.Practitioner points

Depth profiles of nutrients differed between sampling sites and between zones of Lake Taihu due to different pollution sources.

Nutrients in sediment increased largely during winter compared to spring due to potential groundwater pollution through upwelling flow.

No significant difference in sediment total organic carbon and ratios of C/N indicates a similar internal pollution source lake wide.
X‐ray emission via Kα resonance complexes in gold ions
Authors: Stancalie Viorica , Iorga Cristian 
Published: May 2019

The excitation energies from ground state for 63 fine structure levels of the terms belonging to 1 s2, 1snl, 2lnl′ (n = 2,3), 3l3l′ (l ≠ ≠l′) configurations of Au77+, as well as oscillator strengths for electric‐dipole‐allowed and intercombination transitions among the fine‐structure levels were theoretically evaluated. The important relativistic effects in intermediate coupling are incorporated by means of the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian. Extensive comparisons are performed with several approximations and previous data sets in order to size up contributing effects and to estimate accuracy ratings. The atomic excitation is obtained by electron impact in close coupling approach. For optically allowed transitions, the electron‐impact collision strengths at collision energy up to 80 keV are reported. The results are relevant to the laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Stratigraphie architecture of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic along the southern border of the North Sea Basin in Belgium
Authors: Vandenberghe N. , Van Simaeys S. , Steurbaut E. , Jagt J.W.M. , Felder P. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary record in the Campine Basin along the southern border of the North Sea Basin is analysed in terms of sequence stratigraphy. All available biostratigraphic, and in some cases, magnetostratigraphic data are used to constrain the sequence chronostratigraphy. The relative geographic extent of the strata is used as an indication of the relative sea level. Tectonic and eustatic components could be distinguished in several cases using regional geological information. Generally, sequences consist of transgressive and highstand systems tracts only and have flat, abrasion-type lower boundaries. Lowstand deposits are only identified as infill of erosional space, which generally implies marked tectonic uplift. Several eustatic and tectonic events can be correlated with similar events known elsewhere in the North Sea Basin. The time intervals spanned by the different sequences vary considerably, pointing out different control mechanisms.
The German Act to Introduce the Code of Crimes Against International Law
Authors: Handl Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

On June 26,2002 the German Federal Parliament passed an Act to Introduce the Code of Crimes Against International Law (“the Act”), which subsequently entered into force on June 30,2002, the day after its promulgation in the German Federal Law Gazette. Article 1 of the Act contains the Code of Crimes Against International Law (“CCAIL”), which provides the legal framework for German courts to prosecute crimes for which the International Criminal Court (“ICC”) is competent, namely, genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes (“the core crimes”). The remaining Articles of the Act contain, inter alia, amendments to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, the primary purpose of which is to harmonize the general criminal law with the CCAIL.For a better understanding of the significance of the CCAIL on the national and international plane, it is important to recall briefly the legal situation in Germany regarding the prosecution of the core crimes prior to the entry into force of the Act
Contesting the ‘War on Drugs’ in the Andes: US–Bolivian Relations of Power and Control (1989–93)
Authors: Gillies Allan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe implementation of President George H. W. Bush's 1989 Andean Initiative brought to the fore competing US and Bolivian agendas. While US embassy officials sought to exert control in pursuit of militarised policies, the Bolivian government's ambivalence towards the coca-cocaine economy underpinned opposition to the ‘Colombianisation’ of the country. This article deconstructs prevailing top-down, US-centric analyses of the drug war in Latin America to examine how US power was exercised and resisted in the Bolivian case. Advancing a more historically grounded understanding of the development of the US drug war in Latin America, it reveals the fluidity of US–Bolivian power relations, the contested nature of counter-drug policy at the country level, and the instrumentalisation of the ‘war on drugs’ in distinct US and Bolivian agendas.
Public Opinion and the Formation of Civic Character in Madison's Republican Theory
Authors: Sheehan Colleen A. 
Published: May 2019

John Adams's complaints notwithstanding, no one of the American Founding generation has been so consistently misunderstood as James Madison. In recent decades a small handful of scholars have made significant strides toward correcting the Madisonian record. In addition to the justly acclaimed study of Madison by Lance Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty, the thoughtful work of Alan Gibson stands out in this regard. In particular, Professor Gibson's efforts to parse the contemporary debate over the character of Madison's political thought constitute a distinctive and valuable contribution to the literature on Madison and the Founding.In his most recent essay, “Veneration and Vigilance: James Madison and Public Opinion, 1785–1800,” Professor Gibson makes three central claims, namely, that Madison never wavered in his commitment to popular sovereignty and deserves to be considered a leading and prescient democratic theorist of the Founding, that Madison's conception of the nature and role of public opinion in the 1790s signifies a substantial revision of the earlier Humean understanding of public opinion he embraced in the 1780s, and that Madison did not seek to foster civic education in the American republic. I agree with the first of these claims, though I would make the case for Madison's democratic credentials even more emphatically than Gibson does. In general, however, Gibson and I share common ground in the recognition of the critical importance of the concept of public opinion in Madisonian theory.