bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the optical clarity of glass fiber‐reinforced polycarbonates by reactive blending with alternatives from biorenewable isosorbide
Authors: Lai Wenqin , Su Lili , Zhang Ming , Yan Jin , Wu Guozhang 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTOptically transparent and mechanically strong glass fiber (GF)‐reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites were fabricated via reacting with biorenewable isosorbide (ISB) moiety. While direct copolymerization of ISB and bisphenol A (BPA) by melt transesterification with diphenyl carbonate remained difficult due to the large discrepancy of reactivity and low thermal stability of ISB, we demonstrated in this work that ISB and BPA copolycarbonates with high molecular weight, low discoloration, and excellent optical transparency can be fabricated at 250 °C within 2.5 min by reactive blending of commercially available ISB‐based PC and BPA‐PC. A systematic study of synthesis, thermal degradation, and reactive blending of ISB‐containing PCs was performed to distinguish the reactivity between ISB and BPA, elucidate the effect of catalyst on chain scission, and testify the reaction mechanism of the unexpected asymmetrical inner–inner carbonate exchange. We clarified that the hydroxyl group on BPA exhibited a low reactivity and Lewis acid‐catalytic transesterification played a key role in preventing from the chain scission during the asymmetrical inner–inner exchange. Another unexpected factor that effectively suppressed the further chain scission was the miscibility of the ISB‐based PC with BPA‐PC once each chain on average was carbonate exchanged with its counterpart to form a “biblock” PC. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1670–1681
Psychological correlates of sleep quality in lung cancer patients under chemotherapy: A single‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Kiagia Maria , Charpidou Andriani , Gkiozos Ioannis , Syrigos Konstantinos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesDisturbed sleep is a common complaint of lung cancer patients undergoing active oncologic treatment. We aimed to clarify the extent to which psychological symptoms, coping strategies, and social support interfere with sleep quality and whether they mediate the relationship between sleep quality and fatigue or functional capacity in a sample of chemotherapy treated lung cancer patients.MethodsLung cancer patients attending an oncology unit for scheduled chemotherapy cycles completed questionnaires assessing their sleep quality, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, coping, social support, symptoms of pain, dyspnea, and cough, and sleep hygiene practices. Demographic and disease‐related characteristics were obtained from patients' medical records and treating physicians rated their functional status. Multivariate regression and mediation analyses were applied to test the study's hypotheses.ResultsOne hundred nineteen patients were enrolled, 58.2% of whom were identified as poor sleepers. After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, concomitant medications, cancer stage, prior and ongoing treatment, sleep hygiene, and symptoms, there was a statistically significant association between poor sleep quality and anxiety (odd`s ratio [OR] 1.17 [95% CI, 1.01‐1.35]), stress (OR 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04‐1.25]), and positive coping (OR 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02‐1.31]). Poor sleep quality was an independent correlate of fatigue (B 1.56 [95% CI, 0.61‐2.50]) and low performance status (OR 5.17 [95% CI, 1.60‐16.72]); stress symptoms partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and fatigue (P = .030).ConclusionsHigher psychological burden predict sleep disturbances and contribute to increased fatigue in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Effective psychoeducational interventions may benefit these populations.
Lung ultrasound features of children with complicated and noncomplicated community acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
Authors: Musolino Anna Maria , Tomà Paolo , Supino Maria Chiara , Scialanga Barbara , Mesturino Alessia , Scateni Simona , Battaglia Massimo , Pirozzi Nicola , Bock Caterina , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe lung ultrasound (LUS) findings at baseline and 48 hours after the beginning of treatment and evaluate how they correlate with outcomeDesignWe prospectively analyzed patients from 1 month to 17 years of age with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) evaluated at a tertiary level pediatric hospital. At baseline and 48 hours after the beginning of treatment, history, clinical examination, laboratory testing, chest X‐ray, and LUS were performed.ResultsOne hundred one children were enrolled in the study (13 with complicated CAP). At baseline those who developed complications presented a larger size of the subpleural pulmonary parenchymal lesions (P = .001) often associated with a complex pleural effusion (63.6%, P = .013). Those with an uncomplicated CAP presented an air, arboriform, superficial and dynamic bronchogram, as opposed to complicated CAP which had an air and liquid bronchogram, deep, fixed (P = .001). At the 48‐hour control in the noncomplicated CAP group, bronchogram was more frequently superficial and dynamic (P = .050). Pleural effusion disappeared in half cases (P = .050). In all patients, neutrophilic leucocytosis with increased C‐reactive protein was detected and decreased at control (P = .001). The linear regression analyses showed the switch from a deep to a superficial bronchogram as the only explanatory variable (r = 0.97, R2 = 0.94, P = .001, t = 10.73).ConclusionsOur study describe early LUS features of CAP that might be able to predict the development of complicated CAP.
Toll‐like receptors as novel therapeutic targets for herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: Jahanban‐Esfahlan Rana , Seidi Khaled , Majidinia Maryam , Karimian Ansar , Yousefi Bahman , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Astani Akram , Berindan‐Neagoe Ioana , Gulei Diana , Fallarino Francesca , Gargaro Marco , Manni Giorgia , Pirro Matteo , Xu Suowen , Sadeghi Mahmoud , Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Shirooie Samira 
Published: July 2019

SummarySeropositivity for HSV reaches more than 70% within the world population, and yet no approved vaccine exists. While HSV1 is responsible for keratitis, encephalitis, and labialis, HSV2 carriers have a high susceptibility to other STD infections, such as HIV. Induction of antiviral innate immune responses upon infection depends on a family of pattern recognition receptors called Toll‐like receptors (TLR). TLRs bridge innate and adaptive immunity by sensing virus infection and activating antiviral immune responses. HSV adopts smart tricks to evade innate immunity and can also manipulate TLR signaling to evade the immune system or even confer destructive effects in favor of virus replication. Here, we review mechanisms by which HSV can trick TLR signaling to impair innate immunity. Then, we analyze the role of HSV‐mediated molecular cues, in particular, NF‐κB signaling, in promoting protective versus destructive effects of TLRs. Finally, TLR‐based therapeutic opportunities with the goal of preventing or treating HSV infection will be discussed.
Robust output feedback control of polynomial growth nonlinear systems with measurement uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Xu , Lin Wei 
Published: July 2019

SummaryEven in the presence of uncertainty in both state and output equations, we prove that global asymptotic stabilization is still possible by output feedback for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems dominated by a triangular system with a polynomial output‐dependent growth rate. In contrast to the linear growth requirement in the recent work the nonlinear perturbations in this paper are allowed to satisfy a linear growth condition with a polynomial output‐dependent rate. To handle simultaneously the polynomial nonlinearities and unknown parameter in the system output, we propose a high‐gain estimator with a dynamic gain that is updated online through a Riccati‐type dynamic equation. Then, an estimator‐based controller is designed by a recursive algorithm that makes it possible to assign the controller gains step by step. The globally stabilizing output‐feedback controller developed in this paper is robust with respect to uncertainties in the system dynamics and output equations.
One‐Step Transformation from Cu2S Nanocrystal to CuS Nanocrystal with Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Wan Mengli , Zhang Yingying , Wei Wutao , Cui Shizhong , Hou Hongwei , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we have realized the transformation from Cu2S to CuS phase by a facile secondary vulcanization. The CuS completely inherited the special morphology of the precursor nanocrystal, and the feature excludes the structural and dimensional influence in the study of the effects of Cu(I) and Cu(II) on photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic performances of Cu2S@CT (CT, biomass carbon tube) and CuS@CT composites were examined on organic dye (methylene blue, MB) degradation and Cr (VI) reduction at different original solution pH. Both photocatalysts exhibit good photocatalytic activity under favourable conditions, which should be attributed to the high specific surface area and luxuriant active sites of the materials with special nanostructures. Moreover, the Cu2S@CT and CuS@CT show distinct‐different oxidability and reducibility due to the compositional difference, Cu2S@CT composites have better reduction properties of Cr(VI) at pH=2, while the CuS@CT composites exhibit better degradation activity of MB at pH=10.
Micro‐Blooming: Hierarchically Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Flowers Derived from Metal‐Organic Mesocrystals
Authors: Hwang Jongkook , Walczak Ralf , Oschatz Martin , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSynthesis of 3D flower‐like zinc‐nitrilotriacetic acid (ZnNTA) mesocrystals and their conformal transformation to hierarchically porous N‐doped carbon superstructures is reported. During the solvothermal reaction, 2D nanosheet primary building blocks undergo oriented attachment and mesoscale assembly forming stacked layers. The secondary nucleation and growth preferentially occurs at the edges and defects of the layers, leading to formation of 3D flower‐like mesocrystals comprised of interconnected 2D micropetals. By simply varying the pyrolysis temperature (550–1000 °C) and the removal method of in the situ‐generated Zn species, nonporous parent mesocrystals are transformed to hierarchically porous carbon flowers with controllable surface area (970–1605 m2 g−1), nitrogen content (3.4–14.1 at%), pore volume (0.95–2.19 cm3 g−1), as well as pore diameter and structures. The carbon flowers prepared at 550 °C show high CO2/N2 selectivity due to the high nitrogen content and the large fraction of (ultra)micropores, which can greatly increase the CO2 affinity. The results show that the physicochemical properties of carbons are highly dependent on the thermal transformation and associated pore formation process, rather than directly inherited from parent precursors. The present strategy demonstrates metal‐organic mesocrystals as a facile and versatile means toward 3D hierarchical carbon superstructures that are attractive for a number of potential applications.
Empirical Model for Predicting Process Parameters during Electric Arc Furnace Refining Stage Based on Real Measurements
Authors: Elkoumy Mohamed Mahmoud , Fathy Ayman Mohamed , Megahed Gamal Mohamed , El-Mahallawi Iman , Ahmed Hafiz , El-Anwar Mohamed 
Published: July 2019

The present study aims at building a road map‐model for the steel melt compositional variations during the electric arc furnace (EAF) refining stage. The model is based on real measurements and compared to thermodynamic predictions. The studied parameters are steel melt carbon content and temperature. Herein, high‐temperature investigations (1550–1700 °C) with different chemistry ranges (mainly carbon content, 0.02–0.20% C) are carried out during the refining stage operation. The work develops a detailed empirical model to simulate the industrial EAF refining stage, which can be used to implement different optimization and control strategies for the EAF refining process. Furthermore, the study investigates the refining stage metallurgical phenomenon and the different operating conditions used to produce different steel grades over a wide range of carbon content; from ultra‐low carbon steel “0.02% C” till medium carbon steel grades “0.20% C.” Moreover, the work controls the steel melt tapping parameters for best cost achievement of steel melt yield and electrical energy consumption using simple measurements. These measurements are fitted into simple regression equations and contour plots for best refining stage control of the desired steel grade to be produced.
Study on the asynchronous performance of changing‐poles BDFM with the field‐circuit coupled based on the time‐stepping finite element analysis
Authors: Kan Chaohao , Chu Chenglong , Hu Yang , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe changing‐poles brushless doubly fed motor (the changing‐poles motor) has a special stator and rotor structure and two different operating states, so the finite element model of a conventional alternating current motor is not suitable. To establish a suitable model, this article first analyzes the coupling circuit, T‐shape equivalent circuit, and the phase diagram of the motor in the starting state, and the basic equivalent circuit of the motor in the running state is analyzed as well. Then, the design example of the prototype is introduced and the principle of the composite coil is explained by using the rotor‐winding extension diagram. Based on the above analyses, a two‐dimensional finite element model of field circuit coupling for the changing‐poles motor is established. In the calculation process of the direct presence of the model, the core saturation problem is considered and the coupling and constraint equations are adopted to deal with the rotor rotation problem, without the need to replan the placement of the rotor. Therefore, the calculation results are more accurate. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of a conventional finite element model, the simulation results of the time‐stepping finite element model, and the prototype test results, it is found that the time‐stepping finite element model is accurate and the simulation results fit well with the experimental results. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Review of tropical cyclones in the Australian region: Climatology, variability, predictability, and trends
Authors: Chand Savin S. , Dowdy Andrew J. , Ramsay Hamish A. , Walsh Kevin J. E. , Tory Kevin J. , Power Scott B. , Bell Samuel S. , Lavender Sally L. , Ye Hua , Kuleshov Yuri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) can have severe impacts on Australia. These include extreme rainfall and winds, and coastal hazards such as destructive waves, storm surges, estuarine flooding, and coastal erosion. Various aspects of TCs in the Australian region have been documented over the past several decades. In recent years, increasing emphasis has been placed on human‐induced climate change effects on TCs in the Australian region and elsewhere around the globe. However, large natural variability and the lack of consistent long‐term TC observations have often complicated the detection and attribution of TC trends. Efforts have been made to improve TC records for Australia over the past decades, but it is still unclear whether such records are sufficient to provide better understanding of the impacts of natural climate variability and climate change. It is important to note that the damage costs associated with tropical cyclones in Australia have increased in recent decades and will continue to increase due to growing coastal settlement and infrastructure development. Therefore, it is critical that any coastal infrastructure planning and engineering decisions, as well as disaster management decisions, strongly consider future risks from tropical cyclones. A better understanding of tropical cyclones in a changing climate will provide key insights that can help mitigate impacts of tropical cyclones on vulnerable communities. An objective assessment of the Australian TCs at regional scale and its link with climate variability and change using improved and up‐to‐date data records is more imperative now than before.This article is categorized under:
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
No Free Lunch Theorem for concept drift detection in streaming data classification: A review
Authors: Hu Hanqing , Kantardzic Mehmed , Sethi Tegjyot S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany real‐world data mining applications have to deal with unlabeled streaming data. They are unlabeled because the sheer volume of the stream makes it impractical to label a significant portion of the data. The data streams can evolve over time and these changes are called concept drifts. Concept drifts have different characteristics, which can be used to categorize them into different types. A trade‐off between performance and cost exists among many concept drift detection approaches. On the one hand, high accuracy detection approach usually requires labeled data, possibly involving high cost for labeling. On the other hand, a variety of methods have been devoted to the topic of concept drift detection with unlabeled data, but these approaches often are most suited for only a subset of the concept drift types. The objective of this survey is to present these methods, categorize them and give recommendations of usage based on their behaviors under different types of concept drift.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Explainable AI > Classification
Prevalence and Determinants of Problematic Online Pornography Use in a Sample of German Women
Authors: Baranowski Andreas M. , Vogl Romina , Stark Rudolf 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
To investigate problematic online pornography use in women, an issue that has rarely been tackled to date.

Methods
We used the data from a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of a self-referred sample of 485 German women to examine the relationships between problematic online pornography consumption and a range of sexual behaviors, trait sexual motivation, and motives for pornography use.

Results
Approximately 3% of our sample had problematic pornography use. In multivariate analysis, problematic use was significantly associated with the overall time spent viewing online pornography, greater sexual motivation, and greater emotional avoidance. Our data also indicate that the influence of sexual motivation on problematic pornography use is mediated by the amount of time spent watching online pornography.

Clinical Translation
Identifying these predictors for problematic use is important for specific prevention programs for women at risk of pathological use.

Strengths & Limitations
This study is one of the first to show that women also experience problematic online pornography use and identifies risk factors for problematic behavior. The weakness of this study is that as in all studies on sexuality, people who are interested in the topic and are comfortable talking about it are more likely to participate, thus rendering the sample nonrepresentative.

Conclusion
Based on our findings, approximately 3% of women experience problems associated with engaging in online pornography consumption.
Does Chronic Hyperglycemia Affect Female Rat Sexual Behavior? Differences in Paced and Non-Paced Mating
Authors: Hernández-Munive Abigail K. , Rebolledo-Solleiro Daniela , Fernández-Guasti Alonso 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus has been associated with sexual dysfunction; however, in women this relationship is controversial. A study using a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) failed to find a reduced receptivity in the non-paced mating (NPM), but the appetitive aspects of female sexual behavior have not been evaluated, for example, in the paced mating (PM) paradigm.

Aim
To evaluate all components of female sexual behavior (in NPM and PM) in a model of DM2 using ovariectomized (OVX) (treated with steroids) or intact female rats (non-OVX) in natural proestrus.

Methods
Neonatal females (3–4 days) were administered streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or citrate buffer. At week 8, a glucose tolerance test was performed. At week 10, half of the females were OVX, and in the other half (non-OVX) the estrous cycle was monitored. At the twelfth week, the sexual behavior tests were conducted; OVX females were treated with estradiol benzoate (10 μg, −24 hours) and progesterone (3 mg, −4 hours), whereas the non-OVX were evaluated on vaginal proestrus.

Main Outcome Measures
We registered in NPM and PM receptivity (lordosis quotient and intensity), as well as the number of proceptive and aggressive behaviors. Additionally, in PM we calculated the percentage of exits and the return latencies after receiving stimulation and the time the female remained in the male's compartment.

Results
The STZ-treated females presented glucose intolerance and were hyperglycemic. Neonatal STZ treatment provoked changes in the females' sexual behavior depending on the paradigm and the hormonal condition. In the NPM, STZ-OVX females had decreased lordosis quotient and intensity and increased aggression, whereas, in the STZ-non-OVX females, there was a decrease in proceptivity; such changes were not observed in PM. Regardless of whether the STZ-treated females were OVX, they failed to perform the pacing behavior.

Clinical Implication
These data support the idea that chronic mild hyperglycemia, like that observed in DM2 (which represents 90% of the clinical cases), provokes marginal changes in most aspects of female sexual behavior.

Strengths & Limitations
The main strength of this work is the evaluation of consummatory and motivational aspects of female sexual behavior in a model of DM2. The main limitation is the duration of the experimental design that does not resemble the course of the disease in humans. No histologic or biochemical analyses were performed.

Conclusion
These results suggest that chronic hyperglycemia produces decreases in sexual behavior.