bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND APPLICATION OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN BLENDED WITH SULPHONATED PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA, LINN., CARBON
Authors: Seenivasan R. K. , Ragavan D. , Girija A. , Muthuramalingam R. 
Published: May 2018

Phenol – Formaldehyde Resin (PFR) is blended with Sulphonated Phyllanthus emblica, Linn., Carbon (SPEC) in various proportions by weight percentage (0-50%w/w). A few composite cation-exchangers were prepared by varying the amount of SPEC (a source of cheap and renevable plant material) in the blends from 10 to 50% (w/w). Reaction conditions for the preparation of blends were optimised. IR spectra, TGA traces, and SEM photos were taken for the characterization of resins. Physico-chemical, properties of the composite resins have been determined. The composites are insoluble in various solvents and reagents and stable towards heat. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the composite resins, decreased with the increasing percentage of SPEC in the blend. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants (lnK) are calculated for H+ - Zn2+ exchanges on the resins having a different amount of SPEC. Thermodynamic parameters are also calculated and suitable explanations are given. The composites up to 20% (w/w) blending retains all the essential properties of the original PFR, since the Phyllanthus emblica, Linn., is the low cost, freely available plant material. Therefore, the composites could be used as low cost ion-exchangers, when SPEC partly replaces the original PFR up to 20% (w/w) blending without affecting the properties of PFR.
Chemical and Electro-coagulation Techniques in Coagulation-Floccculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment- A Review
Authors: L.N Ukiwe , S.I Ibeneme , C.E Duru , B.N Okolue , G.O Onyedika , C.A Nweze 
Published: May 2018

Chemical and electrocoagulation are widely used coagulation methods employed in water and wastewater treatment. Both coagulation processes are effective in removing a wide range of impurities which include dissolved organic matter in form of chemical and biological oxygen demand, pathogens, oils, and colloidal particles as well as heavy metals. The present review has revealed that the mode of action of both coagulation methods is based on charge neutralization and floc formation. The effectiveness of both coagulation techniques depend on factors such as pH, coagulation dose, coagulant type, current density, applied voltage, water and wastewater type, type of electrode, as well as size and number of electrodes. The commonly used chemical coagulants are inorganic coagulants based on aluminum and iron salts. However, there have been considerable successes in the development of pre-hydrolyzed inorganic coagulants which have the added advantage over traditional inorganic coagulants in that they function well over a wide range of pH and water temperatures. Electrocoagulation has been proposed as an alternative method to chemical coagulation because it is environmental friendly and cheap to operate. Nonetheless, most researchers are of the opinion that there are still some uncertainties regarding the understanding of its optimal performance and design mechanism.
ACE gene polymorphism and serum ACE level with Progression of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shaker Olfat Gamil , Ismail Manal Fouad , Ashour Esmat , Yousif Heba Mourad , Afify Mie , Gouda Weaam 
Published: May 2018

Background. One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) gene was the first candidate gene of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) for predisposition to DN.Objective. Investigation whether the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with nephropathy. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between variants of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and serum ACE level and the progression of nephropathy in Egyptian T2DM patients.Methods. A total of 85 T2DM patients (45 with nephropathy and 40 without nephropathy) besides 45 healthy (non-diabetic) age-matched subjects were recruited in this study for comparison. The (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene was investigated using PCR and serum ACE levels were determined using ELISA.Results. The frequency of ACE DD genotype and D allele was significantly higher in DN patients when compared to control healthy subjects and diabetic patients without nephropathy. In addition our results showed a significant association between DD genotype of ACE gene and elevated serum ACE level.Conclusion. The present study showing a strong association between the D allele and/or DD homozygous of ACE gene and diabetic patients developed nephropathy. In addition, individuals with D allele have higher levels of serum ACE compared to those having I allele. ACE gene polymorphism and serum ACE level may serve as a susceptibility biomarker for nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
Synthesis and Antitubercular Evaluation of Some Novel 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
Authors: Boukthir Mouna , Fethi Zribi , Halloum Iman , Kremer Laurent , Chabchoub Fakher 
Published: May 2018

In an attempt to find a new class of antitubercular agents, a series of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile were prepared via the reaction of ethyl N-ethoxycarbonylbenzimidate 2a-b with cyanoacetanilide derivatives 1a-c. These compounds were screened for their antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis. Several analogues, such as 2,6-dioxo-1-phenyl-4-p-tolyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 3a, 1-benzyl-2, 6-dioxo-4-p-tolyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 3c and 1-benzyl-2, 6-dioxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 3d exhibited a potent antitubercular activity with an MIC values ranging from 10-35 µg/ml. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by spectral data and HRMS.
Kajian Peramalan dan Pengaruh Profitabilitas terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Tahun 2011-2016
Authors: Hutahaean Octaviani , Basith Abdul 
Published: May 2018

Laju pertumbuhan industri terbesar selama tahun 2011-2015 yaitu 8,48 persen terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) mencerminkan perusahaan yang termasuk dalam industri makanan dan minuman memiliki kinerja bisnis yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi harga saham dan profitabilitas pada tahun 2011-2015, mengetahui peramalan harga saham dan profitabilitas pada tahun 2016 dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap harga saham pada tahun 2011-2016. Analisis profitabilitas dipresentasikan oleh beberapa rasio keuangan yaitu Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), dan Earning Per Share (EPS). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder. Peramalan menggunakan metode moving averages, weighted moving average, dan exponential smoothing dengan nilai MAD terkecil menggunakan aplikasi POM-QM for windows-3. Model analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Delta Djakarta, Tbk (DLTA) memiliki kondisi harga saham, ROE, ROA, dan EPS dengan rata-rata tertinggi selama 2011-2015. PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food, Tbk (AISA) memiliki rata-rata NPM tertinggi selama 2011-2015. PT Delta Djakarta, Tbk (DLTA) dan PT Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk (INDF) menunjukkan peramalan tahun 2016 terhadap harga saham dan profitabilitas mengalami peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya. Profitabilitas berpengaruh simultan dan signifikan terhadap harga saham dan secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa ROE dan EPS berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap harga saham.
Prevalencia de sensibilización y alergia al kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) en adultos con enfermedades alérgicas
Authors: Bedolla-Pulido Tonatiuh Ramses , Álvarez-Corona Silvia Araceli , Bedolla-Pulido Tonantzin Isis , Uribe-Cota Benjamín , González-Mendoza Tania , Bedolla-Barajas Martín 
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes: El kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) es un alimento reconocido por su capacidad alergénica desde hace más de 30 años. Por lo general, la alergia al kiwi se caracteriza por molestias locales, pero pueden desencadenarse reacciones sistémicas como urticaria, angioedema, rinitis, conjuntivitis o anafilaxia.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sensibilización y alergia al kiwi en adultos con enfermedades alérgicas.Métodos: Mediante un estudio transversal se analizaron los datos correspondientes a 370 pacientes ≥ 16 años de edad.Resultados: Tuvieron reacción cutánea positiva contra aeroalérgenos 226/370 pacientes. La prevalencia de sensibilización a alimentos fue 84/226 (37.2 %; IC 95 % = 31.1 a 43.6 %). En general, la prevalencia de sensibilización al kiwi fue de 15/226 (6.6 %; IC 95 % = 3.9 a 10.7 %) y de alergia al kiwi de 2/226 (0.9 %; IC 95 % = 0.03% a 3.4 %), un paciente tuvo síntomas compatibles con síndrome de la alergia oral y otro, manifestaciones gastrointestinales y cutáneas.Conclusión: La prevalencia de sensibilización al kiwi no es un evento raro; en contraste, los síntomas relacionados con el consumo del fruto son poco frecuentes.
Penerapan Algoritma Linear Congruent Method Terhadap Spawning Enemy
Authors: Muttaqin Muttaqin , Atthariq Atthariq , Mursyidah Mursyidah 
Published: May 2018

Keberadaan NPC (Non Player Character) dalam suatu game merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam menentukan game itu menarik atau tidak. Jika tidak ada penciptaan NPC yang cerdas dimana NPC tidak bersifat adaptif, dan reaktif, maka jika dilihat dari sisi game dapat dikatakan tidak menarik dan cenderung membosankan, sehingga penulis bertujuan membuat penelitian yaitu perancangan dan pembuatan Game Survival Shooter 3D dengan studi kasus Random jumlah objek menggunakan algoritma LCM (Linear Congruent Method). Kejadian acakan tersebut terjadi pada acakan kemunculan musuh setelah berburu. permainan ditugaskan untuk berfokus menghindari, dan menembak NPC untuk terus bertahan hidup selama mungkin dengan alat seadanya dan melanjutkan misi hingga sampai ke akhir permainan. sehingga menciptakan game AI tiga dimensi (3d) yang mampu menguji kecepatan, reaksi dari pemainnya, dan meningkatkan intelektual bagi penggunanya.
İNSANİ GELİŞMİŞLİK GÖSTERGELERİ AÇISINDAN İSLAM İŞBİRLİĞİ TEŞKİLATI ÜYE ÜLKELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Tıraş Hacı Hayrettin , Ağır Hüseyin 
Published: May 2018

ÖZ Bir ülkenin ekonomik
performansı ile beşeri kalkınma performansı birbirinden farklı olabilir.
Bununla birlikte kalkınmanın bir göstergesi olarak sadece yüksek gelir düzeyi
de yeterli değildir. Gelişmişlik düzeylerini belirleyebilmek, ekonomik
göstergelerle birlikte insani, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan farklı göstergelerin
kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler, bir ülkenin gelişmişlik
düzeyini İnsani Gelişim Endeksi aracılığıyla ölçmektedir. Bu endekste,
ülkelerin gelirleriyle birlikte, eğitim ve sağlığa ilişkin göstergeler de yer
almaktadır. Bu çalışmada
Türkiye’nin de içinde olduğu 57 üyeli İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı ülkelerinin,
2016 İnsani Gelişme Endeksi ve alt grup göstergeleri açısından bir
değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır. Buna göre, Türkiye insani gelişme endeksi
bakımından, 0,767 puanla 188 ülke içerisinde 71. sırada yer almaktadır. Bu
sıralama Türkiye’yi yüksek insani gelişime sahip ülkeler arasına koymaktadır.
İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı üyeleri içerisinde ise 11. sırada yer alan Türkiye, bu
grubun gelir göstergeleri göz önüne alındığında daha yüksek yerlerde olmayı hak
ettiği düşünülmektedir. Türkiye’nin insani gelişim açısından daha üst
basamaklarda yer alabilmesi, eğitim ve sağlık alanlarındaki yatırımların
arttırılmasına bağlı bir durum olarak görülmektedir. Anahtar
Kavramlar: Beşeri sermaye, Beşeri Kalkınma, İnsani Gelişim
Endeksi, İslam İşbirliği TeşkilatıJEL
Kodları: O10, O15
Studi Tentang Siswa Yang Memiliki Sikap Narsisme Dan Penagananya Melalui Latihan Bertanggun Jawab Dalam Konseling Gestal
Authors: Rudi Rudi 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to determine, factors cause narcissism in SMP Negeri 1Pangkajene, And the implementation of the exercise responsible for solving the problem of student narcissism SMP Negeri 1 Pangkajene, To find out how the implementation of the training is responsible for solving the problem of student narcissism SMP Negeri 1 Pangkajene. This research is qualitative research with Case Study study type. Technique of collecting data of this research is Observation (Observation), Interview (Interview), Documentation. Subjects in this case study study were determined by purposive are students who experience isolated problems caused by the narcissistic nature of the CNS. The results show that (1) Narcissistic forms experienced by the CNS can be seen by not being able to accept suggestions from others when they are unfavorable (egoism), often uttering offensive sentences (sadism), not caring about others Ignorant), often ruling others (curiosity), have their own assemblies that often gather with people who often give praise.
Pengaruh Teknik Modeling Simbolis Biografi Tokoh Karier Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Karier Siswa
Authors: Cipta Aswidy Wijaya , Ibrahim Muhammad , Sinring Abdullah 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: (1)find out description of the career decision-making students of class XI IPA before and after given knowledge of career decision making through symbolic modeling techniques using biographies, (2)knowing influence of symbolic modeling techniques using biographies against career decision-making of IX IPA students. This is quantitative experimental research with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Data collected using instrument of observation and question form. Data analyzed by descriptive and t-Test. Results: (1)description of the influence of symbolic modeling techniques using biographies career that used in student's career decision making through 4 step, namely: giving information about career decision making, giving information about symbolic modeling and biographies, granting preferential treatment in biographies about career, and follows activities of the group inverse. Before being given symbolic modeling techniques both of experimental group or control group generally are at low category. After being given treatment shows the changes of the level of decision making career choices from low to high, while the categories for students who were not given the treatment showed no change or remain in the middle category. (2) there is significant issue about symbolic modeling techniques using biographies, in case to increased career decision-making student at SMA Negeri 9 Makassar.
THE SUSTAINABILITY LEVEL OF THE RICE FARMING IN THE PEATLAND AT THE KAPUAS REGENCY, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Wardie Jhon , Sintha Tri Yuliana Eka 
Published: May 2018

The research aims to analyse the level of sustainability and the level of household income in the farming of rice on the peatland. The research location was determined by purposive sampling in Terusan Karya Village, Bataguh District, Kapuas Regency. The simple random sampling method was taken on 50 farmer household served as respondent. The data were collected in the form of primary and secondary data. To achieve the first research objective, it was conducted by an analysis of sustainability indicators of farming using Likert Scale system. The index of farming sustainability includes biophysical and socio-economic aspects in the rice farming on peatland. Meanwhile, to achieve the purpose of the second research, it was operated by using a simple tabulation to measure the level of farmer household income. The result of the analysis showed that farming sustainability of rice in the peatland found index by 76.10%, which means that the level of farming sustainability is a good category or highly sustainable. The result of the analysis of farm household income was 16.9 million rupiahs, which means that the farm household income has been categorized as good. Keywords: sustainability index, peatland, income, rice, farmer householdJEL Classification: D10, Q01, Q12
Frightful Doctrines: Nietzsche, Ireland, and the Great War
Authors: Bixby Patrick 
Published: May 2018

After the outbreak of war in August 1914, Friedrich Nietzsche's name quickly became prominent in Irish and English newspapers as shorthand for a ‘philosophy of evil’ associated with the German Empire. This essay considers the rhetorical uses made of the philosopher and his ideas by commentators in the popular press, including: Thomas Kettle, University College Dublin economics professor and minor poet turned war correspondent and British recruitment officer, who wrote a series of articles attributing the rise of German militarism to Nietzsche's influence; a host of Ireland's Catholic clerics, who negotiated their difficult position between the Irish nationalist cause and the British war effort by arguing in newspapers around the country that both nations must stand together against Nietzsche's ‘frightful’ doctrines; and W. B. Yeats, who rather mischievously evoked the philosopher's name in Kettle's presence at a nationalist celebration in November 1914, drawing rousing applause from his Dublin audience and generating headlines in the Irish press. During the course of the war, the Nietzsche controversy raged on in newspapers across the allied nations, while Yeats remained largely silent about the conflict. But, in January 1919, only weeks after the armistice was signed, he returned to Nietzsche's philosophy through a series of allusions in ‘The Second Coming’, a poem that famously responds to the trauma – and the propaganda – of the war years by transforming the imagery of Christian faith into a nightmarish vision of the Anti-Christ.
A Methane Extension to the Classical Habitable Zone
Authors: Ramirez Ramses M. , Kaltenegger Lisa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The habitable zone (HZ) is the circumstellar region where standing bodies of liquid water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. Conventional definitions assume that CO2 and H2O are the only greenhouse gases. The outer edge of this classical N2–CO2–H2O HZ extends out to nearly ∼1.7 au in our solar system, beyond which condensation and scattering by CO2 outstrip its greenhouse capacity. We use a single-column radiative-convective climate model to assess the greenhouse effect of CH4 (10–∼100,000 ppm) on the classical HZ (N2–CO2–H2O) for main-sequence stars with stellar temperatures between 2600 and 10,000 K (∼A3 to M8). Assuming N2–CO2–H2O atmospheres, previous studies have shown that cooler stars heat terrestrial planets more effectively. However, we find that the addition of CH4 produces net greenhouse warming (tens of degrees) in planets orbiting stars hotter than a mid-K (∼4500 K), whereas a prominent anti-greenhouse effect is noted for planets around cooler stars. We show that 10% CH4 can increase the outer edge distance of the hottest stars (T
EFF = 10,000 K) by over 20%. In contrast, the CH4 anti-greenhouse can shrink the HZ for the coolest stars (T
EFF = 2600 K) by a similar percentage. We find that dense CO2–CH4 atmospheres near the outer edge of hotter stars may suggest inhabitance, highlighting the importance of including secondary greenhouse gases in alternative definitions of the HZ. We parameterize the limits of this N2–CO2–H2O–CH4 HZ and discuss implications in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Temps de déplacements en transport public à Bruxelles : l’accessibilité des pôles d’activités
Authors: Lebrun Kevin 
Published: May 2018

Par une approche s’appuyant sur la modélisation des temps de déplacements dans la Région bruxelloise, cet article entend discuter l’accessibilité en transport public d’une sélection de pôles d’activité de la Région au départ des différents quartiers. Des mesures de temps de déplacements ont pour cela été réalisées à l’heure de pointe matinale d’un jour ouvrable, en tenant compte de l’ensemble des opérateurs. Les analyses mettent en évidence une forte hétérogénéité intrarégionale, subordonnée à des logiques radiales et concentriques, notamment en lien avec la demande de transport. La contribution importante, actuelle et potentielle, des opérateurs autres que la STIB est également révélée. Elles montrent aussi que près de 30 % de la population bruxelloise réside actuellement au sein de quartiers présentant un déficit d’accessibilité compte tenu de sa localisation, ce qui pose la question d’un objectif visant à rendre l’accessibilité plus uniforme de ce point de vue. Concernant les déterminants de l’accessibilité en transport public, il apparaît notamment que le trafic automobile pèse encore lourdement sur les temps de parcours, les allongeant en moyenne de 25 %, en dépit des politiques menées ces dernières années et visant à protéger ou séparer les transports publics du trafic automobile.
Travel time by public transport in Brussels: the accessibility of poles of activity
Authors: Lebrun Kevin 
Published: May 2018

With an approach based on the modelling of travel time in the Brussels Region, this article examines the accessibility by public transport of a selection of poles of activity in the Region from different neighbourhoods. Measurements of travel time were thus carried out during the morning rush hour on a weekday, taking all operators into account. The analyses highlight a strong intraregional heterogeneity subject to radial and concentric logic, in particular in relation to transport demand. The significant current and potential contribution of operators other than STIB is also revealed. They also show that close to 30 % of the population of Brussels lives in neighbourhoods with poor accessibility due to location, which raises the question as to an objective aimed at making accessibility more uniform from this point of view. With respect to the factors which determine accessibility by public transport, it appears in particular that car traffic still has a heavy impact on travel time, increasing it by 25 % on average, despite the policies in recent years aimed at protecting or separating public transport from car traffic.
Comparative Transcriptomic Response of Primary and Immortalized Macrophages to Murine Norovirus Infection
Authors: Levenson Eric A. , Martens Craig , Kanakabandi Kishore , Turner Charles V. , Virtaneva Kimmo , Paneru Monica , Ricklefs Stacy , Sosnovtsev Stanislav V. , Johnson Jordan A. , Porcella Stephen F. , Green Kim Y. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Murine norovirus (NoV) is genetically similar to human NoV and offers both an efficient in vitro cell culture system and an animal model by which to investigate the molecular basis of replication. In this study, we present a detailed global view of host alterations to cellular pathways that occur during the progression of a NoV infection. This was accomplished for both Mus musculus BALB/c–derived RAW264.7 (RAW) cells, an immortalized cell line widely used in in vitro replication studies, and primary bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM), representing a permissive in vivo target cell in the host. Murine NoV replicated in both cell types, although detected genome copies were approximately one log lower in BMDM compared with RAW cells. RAW and BMDM cells shared an IRF3/7-based IFN response that occurred early in infection. In RAW cells, transcriptional upregulation and INF-β expression were not coupled in that a significant delay in the detection of secreted INF-β was observed. In contrast, primary BMDM showed an early upregulation of transcripts and immediate release of INF-β that might account for lower virus yield. Differences in the transcriptional pathway responses included a marked decrease in expression of key genes in the cell cycle and lipid pathways in RAW cells compared with that of BMDM. Our comparative analysis indicates the existence of varying host responses to virus infection in populations of permissive cells. Awareness of these differences at the gene level will be important in the application of a given permissive culture system to the study of NoV immunity, pathogenesis, and drug development.