bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic droplet generation: an experimental study of size distribution using probability density function analysis
Authors: Álvarez-Martínez J U , Medina-Cázares O , González-Vega A , Segura-Gómez G , Gutiérrez-Juárez G , Castro-Beltrán R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Controlling the volume and geometrical ratio of microdroplets offers numerous advantages, particularly in fields like pharmaceutics, photonics, soft electronics, and robotics. For microdroplets generated via microfluidics, precise control of their length-to-width (

L
w

) ratio enhances their overall performance and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the results. Advanced experimental tools, including droplet generation systems, visualization techniques, digital processing algorithms, and analysis, are crucial, especially for in situ control of microdroplet size during generation. This study investigates the variation in microdroplet

L
w

ratio and their generation frequencies using two novel approaches: the probability density function (derived both from the Gaussian assumption and directly from experimental data distribution) and the fast Fourier transform. The configuration utilizing one syringe pump (1mp) and syringes (made entirely of plastic) demonstrated the best monodispersity in microdroplet generation with volume differences ranged from 40 ± 2.2 nl to 65 ± 6.7 nl, corresponding to coefficient of variation values of 5.5

%

and 11

%

, respectively. The analysis of ∼7 million

L
w

data points revealed different types of oscillation frequencies. Specifically, a frequency of around 1 mHz originated from the syringe pump, while frequencies between ∼0.5 and 3 Hz were attributed to the syringe materials and the interaction of a combination of syringe pumps. These results contribute to the phenomenological understanding and classification of droplet generation within the T-junction microfluidic system. Furthermore, they present an enhanced method for visualizing the geometrical variations of the generated microdroplets.
Universal trimers with p-wave interactions and the faux-Efimov effect
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsin , Greene Chris H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An unusual class of equal mass p-wave universal trimers with symmetry

L

Π

=

1

±

is identified, for both a two-component fermionic trimer with s- and p-wave scattering length close to unitarity and for a one-component fermionic trimer at p-wave unitarity. Moreover, fermionic trimers made of atoms with two internal spin components are found for

L

Π

=

1

±

, when the p-wave interaction between spin-up and spin-down fermions is close to unitarity and/or when the interaction between two spin-up fermions is close to the p-wave unitary limit. The universality of these p-wave universal trimers is tested here by considering van der Waals interactions in a Lennard–Jones potential with different numbers of two-body bound states; our calculations also determine the value of the scattering volume or length where the trimer state hits zero energy and can be observed as a recombination resonance. The faux-Efimov effect appears with trimer symmetry

L

Π

=

1

−

when the two fermion interactions are close to p-wave unitarity and the lowest

1

/

R
2

coefficient gets modified, thereby altering the usual Wigner threshold law for inelastic processes involving three-body continuum channels.
Impurity-induced vortex lattice melting and turbulence in rotating Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Boral Rony , Sarkar Swarup K , Muruganandam Paulsamy , Mishra Pankaj K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We numerically investigate the impact of various impurities on rotating Bose–Einstein condensates confined within two-dimensional harmonic and Gaussian distributed square lattice potentials. Without impurities, the rotating condensates display an organized square lattice pattern of vortices due to the influence of Gaussian distributed square lattice potential. The introduction of impurity potentials disrupts this lattice structure, inducing a phase transition from an ordered state to a disordered state. Our analysis encompasses both static and dynamic types of impurities. The static impurities are implemented using a randomly varying potential with a spatially random amplitude. The transformation of the vortex lattice structure, in this case, relies on the strength and lattice constant of the impurity potential. For dynamical impurities, we employ a Gaussian obstacle that orbits around the condensate at a specific distance from its center. In this scenario, the vortex lattice melting occurs beyond a certain threshold radius and frequency of oscillation of the rotating obstacle. We characterize the melting of the vortex lattice due to impurities using various quantities, such as the structure factor and angular momentum. Notably, in the vortex-melted state, the angular momentum follows a power-law dependence with an exponent of approximately 1.73, regardless of the type of impurity. Finally, we demonstrate the signature of the presence of a turbulent state within the vortex-melted state generated by both static and dynamical impurities.
Recent progress on photomultiplication type organic photodetectors
Authors: Li Zijian , Yang Yanfei , Wu Yun , Wang Yue , Zhang Xiangtong , Wang Lei , Liu Lina , Li Cunxia , Li Lianbi , Xia Caijuan , Han Xiaoxiang , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Photodetectors are critical components for various electronic applications. Compared with traditional photodetectors based on inorganic materials, organic photodetectors have received an increasing amount of attention because of the features of tunable energy levels, solution-preparation, and flexibility. Owing to higher exciton binding energy and smaller carrier mobility, it is impossible to obtain photomultiplication type OPDs (PM-OPDs) directly using the same working mechanism of avalanche photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes. This review details the latest strategies for realizing the PM phenomenon in OPDs including doping to introduce traps, acceptor materials as traps, and the introduction of interfacial blocking layers. Afterwards, we detail the tuning strategies of the response spectra range of the PM-OPDs for different application scenarios.
Secondary electron emission from gold microparticles in a transmission electron microscope: comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with experimental results
Authors: Feng Wen , Schultz Johannes , Wolf Daniel , Pylypenko Sergii , Gemming Thomas , Weinel Kristina , Jácome Leonardo Agudo , Büchner Bernd , Lubk Axel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We measure the electron beam-induced current to analyze the electron-induced secondary electron (SE) emission from micron-sized gold particles illuminated by 80 and 300 keV electrons in a transmission electron microscope. A direct comparison of the experimental and simulated SE emission (SEE) employing Monte Carlo scattering simulations based on the GEANT4 toolkit yields overall good agreement with a noticeable discrepancy arising from the shortcoming of the GEANT4 scattering cross sections in the low-loss regime. Thus, the electron beam-induced current analysis allows to quantify the inelastic scattering including SEE in the transmission electron microscope and provides further insight into the charging mechanisms.
Incoherent scattering ion line spectra of vortex beams by magnetized ionospheric plasma with bi-Maxwellian distribution
Authors: Wu Songyang , Li Haiying , Xu Bin , Bai Lu , Shi Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Incoherent scattering theory is one of the important means of plasma parameter diagnosis. The incoherent scattering of vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum can bring new incremental information to plasma diagnosis. Based on the angular spectrum theory of Bessel vortex beams and the theory of incoherent scattering, this paper studies the incoherent scattering of the ionospheric magnetized plasma to vortex electromagnetic waves under the bi-Maxwellian distribution along the magnetic field drift. The numerical results show that when the angle between the scattering wave vector and the magnetic field direction is small, the ion spectral lines have an obvious frequency shift. When the angle is close to 90°, the ion line spectra produce harmonic oscillation, and the drift speed restrains this oscillation phenomenon. The linear Doppler shift will shift the spectral line as a whole, while the rotating Doppler shift of the vortex beam will weaken the spectral line oscillation. This work may provide a possibility for further research on the scattering of vortex beams by magnetized plasma and the development of ionospheric plasma irregularities parameter inversion.
Lattice reconstruction in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Fu Zhongqiu , Zhou Xiaofeng , He Lin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) provides a tunable platform to study emergent properties that are absent in single-layer graphene by the van der Waals (vdW) interlayer interaction. The vdW interlayer interaction can also lead to notable lattice reconstruction at the interface, promoting interlayer commensurability while minimizing intralayer lattice distortion. The lattice reconstruction in TBG is a pivotal phenomenon that significantly influences the optical and electronic properties. Currently, the study of lattice reconstruction in TBG attracts much attention in condensed matter physics. In this article, we review the experimental advances in the field of TBG lattice reconstruction. The formation and atomic-scale characterization within reconstructed TBG are overviewed comprehensively. In addition, lattice reconstruction-induced electronic modulations are introduced. Moreover, coexistence and transition between reconstructed and unreconstructed phases within a critical transition regime are described. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of tunable reconstruction within TBG and other 2D material heterostructures.
Margin and robustness settings for a library-of-plans IMPT strategy for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Kuipers Sander C , Godart Jérémy , Negenman Eva M , Corbeau Anouk , Zolnay András G , Deuzeman Heloisa H , de Boer Stephanie M , Nout Remi A , Hoogeman Mischa S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to determine a margin and robustness setting for treating locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) with a library-of-plans (LoP) based online-adaptive intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Approach. We analyzed 13 LACC patients with delineated planning and weekly repeat CT scans (reCTs). For each patient, 120 IMPT treatments of 25 fractions were simulated with a LoPs approach. Six different robustness settings (2–7 mm set-up robustness (SR) plus 3% range robustness (RR)) were used to create those 120 IMPT plans. Each fraction was simulated with a weekly reCT, combined with the sampling of inter- and intrafraction treatment uncertainties. The fraction doses were accumulated to obtain a treatment dose to the target volumes, distinguishing between the low-risk clinical target volume (CTV-T-LR) and the elective CTV (CTV-E). If one of the two targets obtained an adequate coverage for more than 90% of the treatments, different anisotropic margins were sampled on top of the robustness setting to the other target to obtain the Pareto-optimal margin in terms of adequate coverage versus increase in target volume. Main results. The percentage of treatments that reach the dose criterion V
42.75Gy > 95% for the CTV-T-LR was 22.3%, 28.5%, 51.2%, 73.1%, 85.3%, and 90.0% for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm SR plus 3% RR and for the CTV-E, this percentage was 60.4%, 73.8%, 86.5%, 92.3%, 96.9%, and 98.5%. The Pareto-optimal margin combined with a 5 mm/3% robustness setting for the CTV-T-LR with an adequate coverage for >90% of the treatments was given by {0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0} mm in the left, right, anterior, posterior, cranial, caudal direction. Significance. Our study evaluated combinations of robustness and anisotropic margin settings for IMPT for LACC. With 5 mm SR and 3% RR for CTV-E and CTV-T-LR plus a margin to the CTV-T-LR of {0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0} mm in left, right, anterior, posterior, cranial, and caudal ensured an adequate coverage for >90% of the simulated IMPT treatments.
A wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) study of thermal and chemical actuation of a shape memory polymer
Authors: Shen Yucen , Dumlu Hakan , Eggeler Gunther , Neuking Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The one way effect of the shape memory polymer ESTANE ETE 75DT3 (abbreviation: SMP-E) can be chemically triggered by exposure to methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol. The present study uses wide angle x-ray diffraction to confirm that programming induces oriented structure in an initially amorphous state. During subsequent shape recovery the sharp diffraction intensity peaks of the programmed state weaken, and oriented amorphous structure is partly lost. This corresponds to the finding that initial shapes cannot be fully recovered. The present work shows that the uptake of small alcohol molecules not only triggers shape recovery but also weakens intermolecular bonds, which results in strength decreasing. From the alcohol concentrations that were measured by weight gain studies, it can be concluded that the key parameter that governs the mechanical and functional behavior of SMP-E is the number of C-atoms that the SMP-E takes up. It is shown that thermal shape recovery is more effective than chemical shape recovery. Chemically triggered shape recovery can be used to lift small end loads corresponding to stresses of up to 1 MPa. The results are discussed in the light of previous work published in the literature.
Polarizabilities as probes for P, T, and PT violation
Authors: Lahs Sebastian , Comparat Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Searches for violations of the fundamental symmetries of parity P and time reversal T in atomic and molecular systems provide a powerful tool for precise measurements of the physics of and beyond the standard model. In this work, we investigate how these symmetry violations affect the response of atoms and molecules to applied electric and magnetic fields. We recover well-known observables such as the P -odd, T -odd spin-electric field coupling that is used for searches of the electron electric dipole moment or the effect of P-odd, T-even optical rotation in atomic gases. Besides these, we obtain several other possible observables. This includes, in particular, effects that can only be seen when using oscillating or inhomogeneous fields.
A novel visually meaningful image encryption algorithm using two-way intertwine scrambling and deep embedding
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Yu Beier , Yu Fei , Liang Diqing , Zeng Yeqi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the insufficient visual security of encrypted images generated by conventional image encryption algorithms, it is easily recognized and decrypted or attacked by attackers in public channels. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a visually meaningful image encryption (VMIE) method based on a new chaotic map to improve the encryption complexity and unpredictability. Moreover, we design a two-way intertwine scrambling and deep embedding algorithm to protect the content of the image, and the encrypted image also has visual security. Firstly, a new one-dimensional chaotic map combining sine and tangent functions is designed to construct the measurement matrix, and then a new two-way intertwine scrambling algorithm is used to scramble the sparse matrix of the encrypted image. Secondly, the chaotic system generates measurement matrix and diffusion matrix for compressing and diffusing the scrambled image. Finally, a new embedding strategy is adopted to retain more information of the plain image and reduce information loss. The experimental results show that the average PSNR of the encrypted image is 38.96dB and that of the decrypted image is 34.59dB. Compared with the existing schemes, this algorithm has better visual quality and reconstruction quality.
Lump collision dynamics in the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional variable coefficient B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Siddique Imran , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Akbar M Ali , Ali Sabila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the physical characteristics of different types of traveling wave solutions to the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional variable coefficient B–type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. This equation plays a significant role in modeling nonlinear phenomena in fluid dynamics, mathematical physics, and engineering sciences. Using the Hirota bilinear method, we reveal distinctive solutions, including lump-periodic, two-wave, breathing wave, and rogue wave solutions. These wave phenomena are significant for understanding complex systems and hold practical significance in fields such as oceanography and nonlinear optics, where rogue waves make challenges due to their abrupt and daring nature. Through broad 3D and contour plots, we effectively illustrate the intricate physical properties of these solutions, underscoring their relevance in the study and prediction of nonlinear behaviors across various scientific domains. The results presented provide valuable paths for further research into the dynamic processes governing natural and engineered systems.
Parameter estimation of non-Hermitian coupling strength in whispering-gallery-mode microresonator
Authors: Li Rong , Tang Zhen-Jie , Peng Jia-Xin , Haq Inaam Ul , Li Dongke , Djorwe P , Emale Kongkui Berinyuy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We theoretically propose a scheme to perform quantum estimation of non-Hermitian coupling strength in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator setup, the estimation precision is quantified through the quantum Fisher information. We systematically studied the impact of various important physical factors on estimation error, and discussed in detail the underlying physical mechanisms. We also explore the distribution of coupling parameter information in various subsystems, while considering the simultaneous estimation of the real and imaginary parts of non-Hermitian coupling parameter. We hope that this work will contribute to the understanding of non-Hermitian interactions and the design of quantum sensors based on whispering-gallery-mode microresonator systems.
Haar wavelet collocation method for linear and non-linear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ubaid , Shah Syed Azhar Ali , Ahsan Muhammad , Alwuthaynani Maher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the one-dimensional nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equation (NLSE) using the Haar wavelet approach. To approximate the derivatives in time and space, two distinct Haar series are employed. These series are used to linearize the NLSE through a straightforward iterative method, resulting in a set of linear equations. The proposed technique is structured to allow the numerical solution to be easily calculated at any arbitrary interval. The solution's behavior, particularly the movement of single and double solitons, is clearly observable at various stages of time. The greatest errors in the real and imaginary components are computed and compared with existing literature to assess the method's accuracy. To assess the accuracy, stability, and effectiveness of the proposed method, various test problems are presented.
Cosmological simulations of scale-dependent primordial non-Gaussianity
Authors: Baldi Marco , Fondi Emanuele , Karagiannis Dionysios , Moscardini Lauro , Ravenni Andrea , Coulton William R. , Jung Gabriel , Liguori Michele , Marinucci Marco , Verde Licia , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Wandelt Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the results of a set of cosmological N-body simulations with standard ΛCDM cosmology but characterized by a scale-dependent primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type featuring a power-law dependence of the f
NL
loc(k) at large scales followed by a saturation to a constant value at smaller scales where non-linear growth leads to the formation of collapsed cosmic structures. Such models are built to ensure consistency with current Cosmic Microwave Background bounds on primordial non-Gaussianity yet allowing for large effects of the non-Gaussian statistics on the properties of non-linear structure formation. We show the impact of such scale-dependent non-Gaussian scenarios on a wide range of properties of the resulting cosmic structures, such as the non-linear matter power spectrum, the halo and sub-halo mass functions, the concentration-mass relation, the halo and void density profiles, and we highlight for the first time that some of these models might mimic the effects of Warm Dark Matter for several of such observables.
Towards unveiling the large-scale nature of gravity with the wavelet scattering transform
Authors: Valogiannis Georgios , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Baldi Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the first application of the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) in order to constrain the nature of gravity using the three-dimensional (3D) large-scale structure of the universe. Utilizing the Quijote-MG N-body simulations, we can reliably model the 3D matter overdensity field for the f(R) Hu-Sawicki modified gravity (MG) model down to k
max = 0.5 h/Mpc. Combining these simulations with the Quijote
νCDM collection, we then conduct a Fisher forecast of the marginalized constraints obtained on gravity using the WST coefficients and the matter power spectrum at redshift z=0. Our results demonstrate that the WST substantially improves upon the 1σ error obtained on the parameter that captures deviations from standard General Relativity (GR), yielding a tenfold improvement compared to the corresponding matter power spectrum result. At the same time, the WST also enhances the precision on the ΛCDM parameters and the sum of neutrino masses, by factors of 1.2-3.4 compared to the matter power spectrum, respectively. Despite the overall reduction in the WST performance when we focus on larger scales, it still provides a relatively 4.5× tighter 1σ error for the MG parameter at
k
max =0.2 h/Mpc, highlighting its great sensitivity to the underlying gravity theory. This first proof-of-concept study reaffirms the constraining properties of the WST technique and paves the way for exciting future applications in order to perform precise large-scale tests of gravity with the new generation of cutting-edge cosmological data.
Measuring the speed of light with cosmological observations: current constraints and forecasts
Authors: Santos Jaiane , Bengaly Carlos , Morais Jonathan , Gonçalves Rodrigo S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We measure the speed of light with current observations, such as Type Ia Supernova, galaxy
ages, radial BAO mode, as well as simulations of forthcoming redshift surveys and gravitational
waves as standard sirens. By means of a Gaussian Process reconstruction, we find that the
precision of such measurements can be improved from roughly 6% and to about 2–2.5% when the
gravitational wave simulations are considered, and to 1.5–2% when redshift survey are
included in the analysis as well. This result demonstrates that we will be able to perform a
cosmological measurement of a fundamental physical constant with significantly improved precision,
which will help us underpinning if its value is truly consistent with local measurements, as
predicted by the standard model of Cosmology.