bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of decellularized xenogenic porcine auricular cartilage as a novel biocompatible filler
Authors: Shin Sung‐Chan , Park Hee Young , Shin Nari , Jung Da‐Woon , Kwon Hyun‐Keun , Kim Ji Min , Wang Soo‐Geun , Lee Jin‐Choon , Sung Eui‐Suk , Park Gi Cheol , Lee Byung‐Joo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFillers are products that fill the space in soft tissues of the human body and actively used in the various medical fields. Unfortunately, most of the cost‐effective commercially available fillers are synthetic and have limitations in terms of their biocompatibility. Here, we evaluated the possible application of decellularized xenogenic cartilage as a long‐lasting material for soft tissue augmentation and compared it with two commercially available fillers Artesense (polymethylmethacrylate microspheres) and Radiesse (calcium hydroxyapatite [CaHa]). To do so, porcine auricular cartilage was harvested, followed by freezing and grinding of the tissue into flakes. Then, we used 1% Triton X‐100 to decellularize the flakes. We then, respectively, injected 0.1 cc of each material (decellularized xenogenic cartilage, Radiesse, and Artesense) into the subcutaneous layer at three different sites per subject in 12 Sprague‐Dawley rats, and evaluated the inflammatory cell infiltration and foreign body reactions of each. Our data indicate that the infiltration of giant cells in the injection area was significantly lower in the decellularized xenogenic cartilage injection group than that in the Radiesse and Artesense injection groups. Further, we observed some neutrophil infiltration in the xenogenic cartilage and Artesense injection groups at 1 month, but these levels were much lower at 3 months (comparable to the Radiesse injection group). Thus, decellularized xenogenic cartilage may have a distinct advantage in terms of biocompatibility compared with other commercial injectable long‐lasting fillers, making it one of the most feasible, natural, and cost effective materials in the market. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2708–2715, 2018.
Analysis and dissociation of anti‐HIV effects of shRNA to CCR5 and the fusion inhibitor C46
Authors: Ledger Scott , Howe Annett , Turville Stuart , Aggarwal Anupriya , Savkovic Borislav , Ong Andrew , Wolstein Orit , Boyd Maureen , Millington Michelle , Gorry Paul R. , Murray John M. , Symonds Geoff 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe gene therapeutic Cal‐1 comprises the anti‐HIV agents: (i) sh5, a short hairpin RNA to CCR5 that down‐regulates CCR5 expression and (ii) maC46 (C46), a peptide that inhibits viral fusion with the cell membrane. These constructs were assessed for inhibition of viral replication and selective cell expansion in a number of settings.MethodsHIV replication, selective outgrowth and cell surface viral binding were analysed with a single cycle infection assay of six pseudotyped HIV strains and a static and longitudinal passaging of MOLT4/CCR5 cells with HIV. Pronase digestion of surface virus and fluorescence microscopy assessed interactions between HIV virions and transduced cells.ResultsCal‐1 reduced CCR5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CCR5Δ32 heterozygote levels. Even low level transduction resulted in significant preferential expansion in MOLT4/CCR5 gene‐containing cells over a 3‐week HIV challenge regardless of viral suppression [12.5% to 47.0% (C46), 46.7% (sh5), 62.2% (Dual), respectively]. The sh5 and Dual constructs at > 95% transduction also significantly suppressed virus to day 12 in the passage assay and all constructs, at varying percentage transduction inhibited virus in static culture. No escape mutations were present through 9 weeks of challenge. The Dual construct significantly suppressed infection by a panel of CCR5‐using viruses, with its efficacy being independently determined from the single constructs. Dual and sh5 inhibited virion internalisation, as determined via pronase digestion of surface bound virus, by 70% compared to 13% for C46.ConclusionsThe use of two anti‐HIV genes allows optimal preferential survival and inhibition of HIV replication, with the impact on viral load being dependent on the percentage of gene marked cells.
Resveratrol derivative‐rich melinjo seed extract induces healing in a murine model of established periodontitis
Authors: Ikeda Eri , Ikeda Yuichi , Wang Yongqiang , Fine Noah , Sheikh Zeeshan , Viniegra Ana , Barzilay Oriyah , Ganss Bernhard , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Glogauer Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundProducts of internal defense systems, like pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and leukocytes, are released which attack periodontal bacteria in periodontitis, but at the same time, lead to tissue destruction as well. We hypothesize that resveratrol derivative‐rich melinjo seed extract (MSE), an edible plant extract that has antioxidant properties, should promote healing of periodontal bone loss and modulating immune‐inflammatory systems that leads periodontal tissue destruction.MethodsWe used an experimentally induced periodontitis (EP) model in mice. Ligatures were placed first for development of EP (15 days). MSE was intraperitoneally administrated (0.001% (w/w)) to reverse bone loss that had already occurred in established EP and mice were then sacrificed (day 17, 20 and 22).ResultsMorphometric outcomes revealed lower bone‐loss in the MSE groups compared to control. Immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated lower oxidative stress in MSE groups. MSE also inhibited M‐CSF/sRANKL mediated osteoclast formation and down‐regulated osteoclast activity.ConclusionsTreatment with MSE in EP actually caused healing of bone, and these effects are probably related to decreases in local oxidative damage and osteoclast activity. Given MSE's positive effects on osteodifferentiation as well, these findings suggest that MSE could be a useful therapeutic agent for the management of periodontitis.
Multivariate approaches for stability control of the olive oil reference materials for sensory analysis – part II: applications
Authors: Valverde‐Som Lucia , Ruiz‐Samblás Cristina , Rodríguez‐García Francisco P , Cuadros‐Rodríguez Luis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe organoleptic quality of virgin olive oil depends on positive and negative sensory attributes. These attributes are related to volatile organic compounds and phenolic compounds that represent the aroma and taste (flavour) of the virgin olive oil. The flavour is the characteristic that can be measured by a taster panel. However, as for any analytical measuring device, the tasters, individually, and the panel, as a whole, should be harmonized and validated and proper olive oil standards are needed.RESULTSIn the present study, multivariate approaches are put into practice in addition to the rules to build a multivariate control chart from chromatographic volatile fingerprinting and chemometrics. Fingerprinting techniques provide analytical information without identify and quantify the analytes. This methodology is used to monitor the stability of sensory reference materials.CONCLUSIONThe similarity indices have been calculated to build multivariate control chart with two olive oils certified reference materials that have been used as examples to monitor their stabilities. This methodology with chromatographic data could be applied in parallel with the ‘panel test’ sensory method to reduce the work of sensory analysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Near‐infrared spectroscopic models for analysis of winter pea (Pisum sativumL.) quality constituents
Authors: Saha Uttam , Vann Rachel A , Chris Reberg‐Horton S , Castillo Miguel S , Mirsky Steven B , McGee Rebecca J , Sonon Leticia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWinter pea (Pisum sativumL.) grows well in a wide geographic region, both as a forage and cover crop. Understanding the quality constituents of this crop is important for both end uses; however, analysis of quality constituents by conventional wet chemistry methods is laborious, slow and costly. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a precise, accurate, rapid and cheap alternative to using wet chemistry for estimating quality constituents. We developed and validated NIRS calibration models for constituent analysis of this crop.RESULTSOf the 11 constituent models developed, nine constituents including moisture, dry‐matter, total‐nitrogen, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, AD‐lignin, cellulose and non‐fibrous carbohydrate had low standard errors and a high coefficient of determination (R2= 0.88–0.98; 1 – VR, which is the coefficient of determination during cross‐validation = 0.77–0.92) for both calibration and cross‐validation, indicating their potential for quantitative predictability. The calibration models for ash (R2= 0.65; 1 – VR = 0.46) and hemicellulose (R2= 0.75; 1 – VR = 0.50) also appeared to be adequate for qualitative screening. Predictions of an independent validation set yielded reliable agreement between the NIRS predicted values and the reference values with low standard error of prediction (SEP), low bias, high coefficient of determination (r2= 0.82‐0.95), high ratios of performance to deviation (RPD = SD/SEP; 2.30–3.85) and high ratios of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ = IQ/SEP; 2.57–7.59) for all 11 constituents.CONCLUSIONPrecise, accurate and rapid analysis of winter pea for major forage and cover crop quality constituents can be performed at a low cost using the NIRS calibration models developed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of the feed pipe position of an industrial scale two‐phase decanter on extraction efficiency and chemical‐sensory characteristics of virgin olive oil
Authors: Caponio Francesco , Squeo Giacomo , Brunetti Lucio , Pasqualone Antonella , Summo Carmine , Paradiso Vito M , Catalano Pasquale , Bianchi Biagio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, olive oil extraction is basically achieved by means of two‐phase decanters, which allow a reduction of water consumption and the leaching of phenolic compounds. Despite this, most of the working settings derive from studies carried out on three‐phase decanters. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of two‐phase decanter feed pipe position (FP) on the extraction efficiency and chemical‐sensory characteristics of virgin olive oil. Three different positions were considered: at 825 mm (FP1), 610 mm (FP2) and 520 mm (FP3) from the outlet of the oily phase.RESULTSPosition FP3 allowed the highest oil recovery (up to 10%), the lowest percentage of oil in the olive pomace and, in general, a regular trend in terms of oil extraction efficiency. However, the oily must that came out of the decanter was not completely clean in terms of residual content of solid sediment and water. The feeding position partially affected the profile of antioxidant compounds.CONCLUSIONIn two‐phase decanters, loading the olive paste close to the outlet of the oily phase is recommended to increase the extraction efficiency without jeopardizing the chemical‐sensory characteristics of virgin olive oil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Irpex lacteus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cystidiosus pretreatment of corn stover on its improvement of the in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Zuo Sasa , Niu Dongze , Zheng Mingli , Jiang Di , Tian Pengjiao , Li Rongrong , Xu Chuncheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present work investigated changes in corn stover pretreated with different white rot fungi. Corn stover was inoculated with Irpex lacteus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cystidiosus prior to incubation under solid‐state fermentation conditions at 28 °C for 42 days. Changes in the chemical composition, in vitro rumen degradability, lignocellulolytic enzyme activity and multi‐scale structure of the corn stover were analysed.RESULTSContent of all lignocellulose components decreased to a certain extent after fungal pretreatment. The total gas production of sterilized corn stover treated with I. lacteus for 42 days increased from 200 to 289 mL g−1 organic matter. Moreover, the cellulase activity was highest at the later stage of I. lacteus pretreatment. Multi‐scale structural analysis indicated that white rot fungal pretreatment, and in particular that of I. lacteus, increased and enlarged substrate porosity and caused changes in the structure of corn stover.CONCLUSIONIrpex lacteus pretreatment improved the nutritional value of corn stover as a ruminant feed by degrading both cellulose and acid‐insoluble lignin as well as changing the structure of the cell walls. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Starch digestibility: past, present, and future
Authors: Bello‐Perez Luis A , Flores‐Silva Pamela C , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Tovar Juscelino 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the last century, starch present in foods was considered to be completely digested. However, during the 1980s, studies on starch digestion started to show that besides digestible starch, which could be rapidly or slowly hydrolysed, there was a variable fraction that resisted hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. That fraction was named resistant starch (RS) and it encompasses those forms of starch that are not accessible to human digestive enzymes but can be fermented by the colonic microbiota, producing short‐chain fatty acids. RS has been classified into five types, depending on the mechanism governing its resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Early research on RS was focused on the methods to determine its content in foods and its physiological effects, including fermentability in the large intestine. Later on, due to the interest of the food industry, methods to increase the RS content of isolated starches were developed. Nowadays, the influence of RS on the gut microbiota is a relevant research topic owing to its potential health‐related benefits. This review summarizes over 30 years of investigation on starch digestibility, its relationship with human health, the methods to produce RS and its impact on the microbiome. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
From Robinia pseudoacacia L. nectar to Acacia monofloral honey: biochemical changes and variation of biological properties
Authors: Gismondi Angelo , De Rossi Silvia , Canuti Lorena , Novelli Silvia , Di Marco Gabriele , Fattorini Laura , Canini Antonella 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRobinia pseudoacacia L. nectar and its derivative monofloral honey were systematically compared in this study, to understand how much the starting solution reflected the final product, after re‐elaboration by Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola.RESULTSSubjected to dehydration in the hive, nectar changed in its water and sugar content when transformed into honey, as physicochemical and gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analyses revealed. Spectrophotometric measurements and characterization by high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection of 18 plant molecules demonstrated honey to be richer than nectar in secondary metabolites. For the first time, the hypothesis of the existence of a nectar redox cycle in R. pseudoacacia was reported, as previously described for Nicotiana sp., based on 1D‐protein profiles, western blot analysis and detection of H2O2 and ascorbate. The bioactivity of both matrices was also investigated. Antiradical in vitro tests showed that Acacia honey was more antioxidant than nectar, which was even able to induce oxidative stress directly in a eukaryotic cell system. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that nectar was bacteriostatic, due to H2O2 activity, whereas honey was even bactericidal.CONCLUSIONAll these data support the ecological role of nectar and honey in nature: protection of the gynoecium from pathogens and preservation from degradative processes, respectively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound improving the physical stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by almond proteins
Authors: Zhu Zhenbao , Zhao Cui , Yi Jianhua , Cui Leqi , Liu Ning , Cao Yungang , Decker Eric Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDVegetable proteins are increasingly used to stabilize oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. However, emulsions are thermodynamically unstable. Recently, high‐intensity ultrasound (US) has been used to enhance the stability of emulsions. For these reasons, and considering almond (Prunus dulcis L.) as a good source of high‐quality proteins, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of US treatment on the stability of pre‐emulsification O/W emulsions coated with almond protein isolate (API).RESULTSThe influence of API concentration (0.25–2.0 g L−1), ion strength (0–500 mmol L−1 NaCl), and pH (3.0–7.0) on the stability of US‐treated emulsions was evaluated. US treatment (200–600 W, 25 kHz, 15 min) led to a significant reduction in the particles size of droplets in emulsions, increased critical osmotic pressure and additional protein interfacial adsorption, and thus the formation of more stable emulsions. The more unfolded and random coil structures of the proteins were detected at higher US power, facilitating protein interfacial adsorption. Increasing API concentrations resulted in higher stability of US‐treated emulsions against untreated counterparts. The US‐treated emulsions were more resistant to salt than untreated samples. In the range from pH 3.0 to7.0, US treatment also enhanced the physical stability of emulsions compared with untreated emulsions.CONCLUSIONUS technology could be applied to produce more stable O/W food emulsions stabilized by proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Upper airway obstruction in neonates: Does sleep exacerbate symptoms?
Authors: Van Heest Tyler , Ebert Bridget , Roby Brianne Barnett , Sidman James 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveDescribe the factors that exacerbate upper airway obstructions (UAOs) in neonates.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingPediatric tertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsAll neonates hospitalized between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2014 diagnosed with either: 1) laryngomalacia, 2) Pierre Robin sequence, or 3) vocal cord paralysis were included in this study. Patient charts were reviewed to determine factors that exacerbated symptoms of airway obstruction. The independent variable was patient diagnosis, and the outcome measure was exacerbating factors.ResultsIn patients with laryngomalacia (n = 31), 41.9% worsened with agitation, 38.7% worsened with feeding, 16.1% worsened with positioning, 0.0% worsened during sleep, and 25.8% had no aggravating factors. In Pierre‐Robin patients (n = 31), 48.4% worsened with agitation, 16.1% worsened with feeding, 61.3% worsened with positional changes, 0.0% worsened during sleep, and 12.9% had no aggravating factors. In vocal cord paralysis patients (n = 25), 72.0% worsened with agitation, 8.0% worsened with feeding, 20.0% worsened with positional changes, 4.0% worsened during sleep, and 24.0% had no aggravating factors.ConclusionAirway obstruction was not reliably exacerbated during sleep for any of the diagnoses studied in this review. Our findings show that agitation exacerbates airway obstruction in most patients with vocal cord paralysis, and positioning exacerbates airway obstruction in the majority of patients with PRS. Aggravating factors in laryngomalacia are variable. These findings question the utility of polysomnography as a diagnostic tool for hospitalized neonates with these conditions.Level of Evidence4.
Reconstruction of the plantar toe with a distal reverse instep sensory island flap
Authors: Hosseinian Mohammad Ali , Gharibi Loron Ali , Nemati Honar Behzad 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundPlantar toe ulcers are a challenging surgical problem. There are several methods for reconstruction, but no attention has been given to the preservation of sensation. This report proposes a method to provide protective sensation for the reconstructed area.Patients and MethodsThe ulcers of seven patients ranged from 2 × 3 to 7 × 3 cm with defects of the plantar first toe and distal metatarsus, including four burns, a trauma, a diabetic ulcer, and a neuropathy injury reconstructed with a distal reverse instep sensory island (DRISI) flap. The patients were 21‐38 years old. The second metatarsus medial nerve was co‐opted using the end‐to‐side method to the adjacent lateral nerve, then its proximal stump provided the donor nerve for the sensation of the flap. Patients were assessed in terms of protective sensory functions, including touch, pain, dermatomeric somatosensory‐evoked potentials (SEP), thermal sensation and Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament (SWM) light touch.ResultsThe flaps ranged from 2 × 3 to 7 × 3 cm. All transferred flaps to the plantar first toe survived. No complications were observed at the donor and flap sites. Patients were followed‐up 8–24 months. Except for two cases, all nerves of the donor and flap sites exhibited protective sensation, including positive SEP responses between 44 and 50 ms and positive SWM responses ≤ 3.84.ConclusionThe DRISI flap can be used for the reconstruction of various plantar first toe defects with acceptable protective sensation. End‐to‐side neurorrhaphy provides a sensory nerve end to subsequent end to end co‐optation to the flap nerve for protective sensation.
Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Vegetarians and Omnivores
Authors: Lütjohann Dieter , Meyer Sven , von Bergmann Klaus , Stellaard Frans 
Published: February 2018

ScopeVegetarian diets are considered health‐promoting; however, a plasma cholesterol lowering effect is not always observed. We investigate the link between vegetarian‐diet‐induced alterations in cholesterol metabolism.Methods and resultsWe study male and female omnivores, lacto‐ovo vegetarians, lacto vegetarians, and vegans. Cholesterol intake, absorption, and fecal sterol excretion are measured as well as plasma concentrations of cholesterol and noncholesterol sterols. These serve as markers for cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and catabolism. The biliary cholesterol secretion rate is estimated. Flux data are related to body weight. Individual vegetarian diet groups are statistically compared to the omnivore group. Lacto vegetarians absorb 44% less dietary cholesterol, synthesized 22% more cholesterol, and show no differences in plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Vegan subjects absorb 90% less dietary cholesterol, synthesized 35% more cholesterol, and have a similar plasma total cholesterol, but a 13% lower plasma LDL cholesterol. No diet‐related differences in biliary cholesterol secretion and absorption are observed. Total cholesterol absorption is lower only in vegans. Total cholesterol input is similar under all vegetarian diets.ConclusionsUnaltered biliary cholesterol secretion and higher cholesterol synthesis blunt the lowered dietary cholesterol intake in vegetarians. LDL cholesterol is significantly lower only in vegans.