bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of permafrost thaw on plant and soil fungal community in a boreal forest: Does fungal community change mediate plant productivity response?
Authors: Schütte Ursel M. E. , Henning Jeremiah A. , Ye Yuzhen , Bowling Annie , Ford James , Genet Hélène , Waldrop Mark P. , Turetsky Merritt R. , White Jeffrey R. , Bever James D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPermafrost thaw is leading to rapid shifts in boreal ecosystem function. Permafrost thaw affects soil carbon turnover through changes in soil hydrology; however, the biotic mechanisms regulating plant community response remain elusive.Here, we measured the response of fungal community composition and soil nutrient content in an intact permafrost plateau forest soil and an adjacent thermokarst bog and evaluated their potential to mediate shifts in plant composition.We used barcoded amplicon targeting ITS2 and 28S rRNA genes to determine fungal community composition. Next, we used the soils from the permafrost plateau and the thermokarst bog as soil inoculum in a greenhouse experiment to measure whether shifts in fungal community and soil water level regulate plant productivity and composition.Overall, we found that fungal community composition differed significantly between the thawed and intact permafrost sites, but soil nutrient content did not. Relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungal taxa decreased while relative abundance of putative fungal pathogens increased with permafrost thaw. In the greenhouse, we found that ecto‐ and arbuscular‐associated host plants had higher productivity in permafrost‐intact soils relative to thawed soils. However, productivity of non‐mycorrhizal tussock grass was more affected by soil water levels than soil communities.Synthesis.Our results suggest that fungal communities are crucial in mediating plant community response to permafrost thaws inducing hydrology changes.
Changed In Translation: Greek Actives Become Gothic Passives
Authors: Kleyner Svetlana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe paper examines the translation of Greek active voice into Gothic with mediopassive or periphrastic passive. There are 13 such cases, 8 for mediopassive and 5 for periphrastic passive. While the list is rather short, the qualities of the occurrences differ drastically. The periphrastic occurrences turn out to mostly be mistakes, one of which was made by the translator and one ‐ by the scribe, or they are conspicuously close to Latin, which points to a common, but lost Greek source. The mediopassives, on the other hand, demonstrate that the Gothic mediopassive retained enough of its true middle reading to be used for translating some of the Greek unaccusative or intransitive verbs. Another interesting feature is the abundance of the causative suffix in both Greek and Gothic forms in question. The results call for a broader investigation of the strategy utilized by the Gothic translator, for example, analyzing the translations of the Greek media tantums into Gothic.
Dietary patterns and the risk of pregnancy‐associated hypertension in the Danish National Birth Cohort: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ikem E , Halldorsson TI , Birgisdóttir BE , Rasmussen MA , Olsen SF , Maslova E 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the association between mid‐pregnancy dietary patterns and pregnancy‐associated hypertension (PAH).DesignA prospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingDenmark.PopulationAbout 55 139 Danish women with single enrolments and recorded food frequency questionnaire dates with complete information on dietary intake.MethodsWomen were eligible if they could speak Danish and were planning to carry to term. Diet was assessed using a validated semi‐quantitative 360‐item food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis.Main outcome measuresGestational hypertension (GH) and pre‐eclampsia (PE).ResultsDisease prevalence was 14% for GH (5491/39 362); 2% for PE (1168/54 778), and 0.4% for severe PE (234/55 086). Seven dietary patterns were characterised in the population, of which two were associated with PAH. The Seafood diet characterised by high consumption of fish and vegetables was inversely associated with the odds of developing GH [odds ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.95)] and PE (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65–0.97). The Western diet characterised by high consumption of potatoes (including French fries), mixed meat, margarine and white bread increased the odds of developing GH (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05–1.33) and PE (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.11–1.76). No association was seen with severe PE.ConclusionsWe found protective associations of Seafood diet and harmful associations of Western diet with PAH. Dietary interventions encouraging the reduction of Western diet may contribute to a decrease of PAH.Tweetable abstractWestern diet increases (Seafood diet decreases) the likelihood of developing pre‐eclampsia among Danish pregnant women.
“The times have changed, the dope has changed”: Women's cooking roles and gender performances in shake methamphetamine markets*
Authors: Deitzer Jessica R. , Leban Lindsay , Copes Heith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrug markets are typically portrayed as male dominated, with men occupying the higher positions and women fulfilling the lower positions. Yet, the results of recent work highlight how women's participation and experiences in drug economies varies by the structure and organization of the specific market. We focus on the shake‐and‐bake (“shake”) methamphetamine (meth) market, which seems to have emerged mainly in response to legal attempts to curtail methamphetamine production. We explore how women adapt to structural changes and how they perform gender to navigate a market in which the focus is on personal consumption instead of on monetary gain. By relying on semistructured interviews with 40 women who cooked meth, we identify the gendered strategies they adopt and how these coincide with their position in the drug market. Cooking roles took three forms (partner, lead, and team), and each role was characterized by distinct patterns of gender performance and autonomy (emphasized femininity, matriarchal control, and gender neutral). We show that certain market conditions allow for increased participation among women in meth manufacturing. Yet, even within favorable conditions, variability remains in women's positions and gender performances. The findings highlight the role of organizational and legal context in shaping both the roles women adopt in drug markets and the ways they perform gender.
Microsomal Ethanol‐Oxidizing System: Success Over 50 Years and an Encouraging Future
Authors: Teschke Rolf 
Published: January 2019

Fifty years ago, in 1968, the pioneering scientists Charles S. Lieber and Leonore M. DeCarli discovered the capacity for liver microsomes to oxidize ethanol (EtOH) and named it the microsomal ethanol‐oxidizing system (MEOS), which revolutionized clinical and experimental alcohol research. The last 50 years of MEOS are now reviewed and highlighted. Since its discovery and as outlined in a plethora of studies, significant insight was gained regarding the fascinating nature of MEOS: (i) MEOS is distinct from alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase, representing a multienzyme complex with cytochrome P450 (CYP) and its preferred isoenzyme CYP 2E1, NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase, and phospholipids; (ii) it plays a significant role in alcohol metabolism at high alcohol concentrations and after induction due to prolonged alcohol use; (iii) hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals promote microsomal EtOH oxidation, assisted by phospholipid peroxides; (iv) new aspects focus on microsomal oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with intermediates such as hydroxyethyl radical, ethoxy radical, acetyl radical, singlet radical, hydroxyl radical, alkoxyl radical, and peroxyl radical; (v) triggered by CYP 2E1, ROS are involved in the initiation and perpetuation of alcoholic liver injury, consequently shifting the previous nutrition‐based concept to a clear molecular‐based disease; (vi) intestinal CYP 2E1 induction and ROS are involved in endotoxemia, leaky gut, and intestinal microbiome modifications, together with hepatic CYP 2E1 and liver injury; (vii) circulating blood CYP 2E1 exosomes may be of diagnostic value; (viii) circadian rhythms provide high MEOS activities associated with significant alcohol metabolism and potential toxicity risks as a largely neglected topic; and (ix) a variety of genetic animal models are useful and have been applied elucidating mechanistic aspects of MEOS. In essence, MEOS along with its CYP 2E1 component currently explains several mechanistic steps leading to alcoholic liver injury and has a promising future in alcohol research.
When are dividend increases bad for corporate bonds?
Authors: Wei Xiaoting , Truong Cameron , Do Viet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmploying an event study approach, we examine 5,574 bond return reactions to unexpected quarterly dividend change announcements in the U.S. corporate bond market over the period 2002–2014. On average, bond price reaction is in the same direction as dividend changes, which supports the hypothesis that dividend changes signal future firm performance. However, the price reaction varies significantly in the spectrum of bond's risk. Importantly, we document that some bondholders react negatively to unexpected dividend increases, indicating a wealth transfer effect. Such wealth transfer effect is most likely to occur in very high risk bond approaching maturity issued by firms with a low level of cash and incorporated outside Delaware.
Reconsolidation impairment of reward memory by stimulating stress response
Authors: Dinter Christina , Hermann Derik , Heckmann Judith , Hill Holger , Reinhard Iris , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Kirsch Peter , Kiefer Falk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch in memory reconsolidation has raised hope for new treatment options of persistent psychiatric disorders like substance dependence and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While animal research showed successful memory modification by interfering with reconsolidation, human research requires less invasive techniques. In our pilot study, we aimed to reduce appetitive memory reconsolidation of a newly acquired reward memory by exerting a stressor. Thirty healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups performing a monetary reward paradigm at a personal computer. Day 1 was considered to allow for memory acquisition; on day 2, the experimental group was exposed to a frightening stimulus in the reconsolidation window; and day 3 again served to determine reward memory effects. Measures of reward memory were reaction times to reward announcing stimuli (ie, showing instrumental behavior), actual reward gained, and electrodermal response as a measure for reward anticipation. We found significantly smaller reaction time improvements to reward stimuli over time in the experimental group, as well as reduced achievements in monetary reward. Electrodermal response to reward announcing stimuli was lower in the experimental group after intervention, whereas it was higher in the untreated group. Thus, we argue in favor of the reconsolidation hypothesis, assuming our intervention had successfully interfered with the reconsolidation process. This points towards future treatment options that interfere with an addiction memory.
The distribution of allied dental practitioners in australia: socio‐economics and rurality as a driver of better health service accessibility
Authors: Jean G , Kruger E , Tennant M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesAnalysis of the distribution of allied dental practitioners relative to the socio‐economic profile of the population, to develop a baseline of employment demographics at a time of proposed deregulation of practicing restrictions.MethodsA database of allied dental practitioners (ADP – oral health therapists, dental therapists and dental hygienists) was compiled from the public access register of the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. The principal practice locations limited to suburb and postcode were geocoded by latitude and longitude and superimposed on a map of the Australian landmass using QGIS software. Using Australian Bureau of Statistics data, the number of ADPs for each Statistical Area 2 (SA2) was counted and apportioned according to proportion of the population within each SA2 for each quintile of the Index of Relative Socio‐economic Disadvantage (IRSD). The results were reported according to oral health therapists, dental therapists and dental hygienists per 100 000 population for each IRSD quintile, by state and territory, and the Australian Regional Index for Areas (ARIA+).ResultsThe ADP to population ratio was not consistent for each professional class between states and territories, IRSD quintiles and (ARIA+) regional areas. Across major cities, South Australia was the state with the highest ratio of oral health therapists (10.6–12.9) and dental hygienists (14.6–24.5) for all IRSD quintiles. Western Australia had the highest ratio of dental therapists (9.3–16.0),ConclusionThere is no consistent pattern of distribution of ADPs relative to the socio‐economic profile of the population across states and territories, and regional (ARIA+) areas of Australia.
The probing behaviour of the planthopperDelphacodes kuscheli(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two alternating hosts, maize and oat
Authors: Brentassi María E , Machado‐Assefh Cristina R , Alvarez Adriana E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDelphacodes kuscheliis the most important natural vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) in Argentina, aFijivirus(Reoviridae) that causes important economic losses on maize production. Although this planthopper does not breed successfully on maize, virus transmission occurs when adults migrate from oat, a winter host and a reservoir of the virus, to maize. Probing behaviour on both hosts was recorded and analysed using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system. Eight main waveforms were identified during probing behaviour byD. kuscheli. These waveforms were interpreted with reference to that described for delphacids and were related to putative probing activities: np (non‐penetration or non‐probe); N1, N2 and N3 (stylet pathway: penetration, salivation, stylet movement and extracellular activities near the phloem region); N4‐a (sieve element salivation); N4‐b (phloem sap ingestion); N5 (xylem activity); and N6 (derailed stylet mechanics). The EPG variables showed that on maize,D. kuscheliexhibited longer periods of non‐probe and longer time from first probe to first phloem activity, with a higher percentage of probing spent in stylet pathway and xylem phase than on oat. Furthermore, on maize, fewer insects showed phloem phase activities (N4‐a and N4‐b) and sustained phloem ingestion than on oat, and the time on phloem ingestion was shorter than on oat. The constrained behaviour ofD. kuschelion maize suggests that plant resistance factors may be involved.
Expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator, retinoid‐related orphan receptor gamma‐isoform‐t and interleukin 7 in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Youssef Randa Mohammed , El‐Ramly Amany Zaki , Hussien Marwa Fathy , Shoukry Nadia Mohamed , Amr Khalda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPsoriasis is one of the immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases where CD4+ T lymphocytes, mainly Th1 cells, and B lymphocytes contribute in their pathogenesis through a pro‐inflammatory effect, production of antibodies, activation of T cells and cytokine synthesis. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co‐inhibitory molecule expressed on T and B lymphocytes as well as other immune cells, and it is necessary to inhibit homoeostatic expansion and activation of lymph node and skin‐resident γδ T cells. BTLA expression is regulated by RORγt and IL‐7. The study aimed at adding more insight on the role played by co‐inhibitory molecule BTLA in psoriasis vulgaris and its inter‐relation with RORγt and IL‐7 to establish a basis for novel treatment strategies.MethodsThis case–control study included 25 patients and 25 controls examined for gene expression of BTLA, RORγt and IL‐7.ResultsB and T lymphocyte attenuator was significantly lower in psoriasis patients, whereas both RORγt and IL‐7 were higher in comparison with controls. A significant positive correlation between disease severity (PASI) and both RORγt and IL‐7 as well as between RORγt and IL‐7 was found. A significant negative correlation between BTLA and both RORγt and IL‐7 was found. Neither the age nor the duration of disease had any correlation with BTLA, RORγt or IL‐7. BTLA had no correlation with PASI. Regarding the control group, a significant negative correlation between RORγt and IL‐7 was found.ConclusionB and T lymphocyte attenuator, RORγt and IL‐7 play an important role in psoriasis.
Multiple benign adnexal tumours: Anything but benign
Authors: McCarthy Rose‐Lynn , Thomas Charlotte L , Isaacs Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMuir Torre syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes involved in DNA repair, leading to microsatellite instability and a propensity to tumour formation. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old gentleman who underwent biopsy of a smooth nodular lesion on the nasal tip, histopathologically consistent with sebaceous adenoma. Immunohistochemistry suggested a loss of MSH6. Subsequent colonoscopy identified a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, with loss of staining for MSH6 and a germline mutation identified on genetic analysis. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Muir Torre syndrome. Whilst there is controversy in the literature regarding universal screening for Muir Torre syndrome, the early detection of visceral neoplasms is crucial. The authors strongly support screening for Muir Torre syndrome (with patient consent) upon discovery of a cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm, even in the absence of a personal or family history of visceral malignancy.
Nonclassical pemphigus with exclusively IgG anti‐desmocollin 3‐specific antibodies
Authors: Iranzo Pilar , Ishii Norito , Hashimoto Takashi , Alsina‐Gibert Mercé 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe describe a patient with nonclassical clinical and histopathological features of pemphigus with exclusively IgG antibodies against desmocollin (Dsc) 3 detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of recombinant eukaryotic protein of Dsc1‐Dsc3. The absence of antibodies against other known targets, such as desmogleins, reinforces the role of anti‐Dsc antibodies in the pathophysiology of atypical pemphigus.
Why Regulation Is Needed in Emerging Markets in the Tourism Sector
Authors: María Martín‐Martín Jose , Ostos‐Rey María S. , Salinas‐Fernández Jose A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe neoclassical ideal has defended the idea that markets, in a context of limited regulation, reach an optimal equilibrium automatically. We analyze this assertion in an applied manner with a case study of the emerging online market of intermediation of tourist apartments. The lack of regulation in this market causes many social and economic impacts on local communities, which can jeopardize the survival of the activity. We conclude that an analysis of markets that considers only prices results in a limited view. All externalities and their effects on the population must be taken into account, as well as the interests of the individuals involved, apart from profit‐making.
Lectin pathway proteins of the complement system in normotensive pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Larsen Julie Brogaard , Andersen Anita Sylvest , Hvas Christine Lodberg , Thiel Steffen , Lassen Michael Rud , Hvas Anne‐Mette , Hansen Anette Tarp 
Published: January 2019

ProblemThe lectin pathway of the complement system may be involved in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. We aimed to investigate changes in serum concentrations of a broad range of lectin pathway proteins during normal pregnancy and their association with pre‐eclampsia, placental infarctions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Method of studyWe included 51 women with normotensive pregnancies and 54 women with pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia. Blood samples were obtained at gestational weeks 16, 33, 37, and after delivery for the normotensive pregnant women and before and after delivery for women with pre‐eclampsia. Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL), H‐ and M‐ficolin, collectin liver‐1 (CL‐L1), MBL‐associated serine protease (MASP)‐1, MASP‐2 and MASP‐3 and MBL‐associated proteins of 19 (MAp19) and 44 (MAp44) kDa were analysed. Clinical information was obtained from medical records. The placentae were examined by two experienced perinatal pathologists.ResultsLectin pathway protein concentrations generally increased during normal pregnancy and decreased after delivery in both normotensive pregnant women and women with pre‐eclampsia. Exceptions were MASP‐3 which increased after delivery in both groups (P < 0.0001) and H‐ficolin which increased after delivery in pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.0001). H‐ficolin (P < 0.0001), M‐ficolin (P = 0.005) and MASP‐3 (P = 0.03) concentrations were lower in women with pre‐eclampsia than in normotensive pregnant women. Low MASP‐3 concentrations were associated with placental infarction (P = 0.03) and IUGR (P = 0.04). Low H‐ficolin concentrations were associated with IUGR (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn general, lectin pathway protein serum concentrations increased during normal pregnancy. H‐ficolin and MASP‐3 may be involved in the pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia and IUGR and could be potential future pre‐eclampsia biomarkers.
Novel approach to intraoperative peritoneal lavage with an extracorporeal stirring method in laparoscopic surgery for generalized peritonitis: Preliminary results
Authors: Yasui Kohei , Ishiguro Seiji , Komatsu Shunichiro , Matsumura Tatsuki , Komaya Kenichi , Saito Takuya , Arikawa Takashi , Kaneko Kenitiro , Sano Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe primary concern with laparoscopic intraoperative peritoneal lavage (IOPL) for generalized peritonitis relates to the difficulty and uncertainty in ensuring adequate washout of contaminated fluid. Here, we describe a new method of laparoscopy‐assisted IOPL.MethodsWe performed emergency surgery in 10 patients with generalized peritonitis necessitating IOPL. A small wound retractor was inserted into the abdominal cavity through an incision and elevated to raise the abdominal wall. More than 3‐L saline was injected via the retractor at one time. The abdomen was manually shaken by pressure from outside the body. Contaminated fluid was removed with a long suction device through the retractor. This procedure was repeated until the fluid was confirmed to be transparent by laparoscopy, and then drains were placed.ResultsMedian lavage time was 23.5 minutes (range, 15‐34 minutes), and volume of lavage fluid was 19 L (range, 10‐20 L). Median time to resumption of fluid intake was 3 days (range, 1‐12 days), time to food intake was 6 days (range, 3‐14 days), and time to first bowel movement was 5 days (range, 3‐10 days). Median duration of antibiotic use was 8.5 days (range, 5‐15 days). Complications were one case of antibiotic‐induced rash, two cases of paralytic ileus, and one case of pelvic abscess. All patients recovered well without additional surgical intervention.ConclusionsThis new approach to laparoscopy‐assisted IOPL was feasible for these patients with generalized peritonitis. This procedure enabled corpus lavage to be performed in a similarly short time to open surgery but with less invasiveness. Further research is needed to confirm indications and long‐term outcomes.