bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing competency‐based education for athletic therapy in Canada—Are we ready for change?
Authors: Lafave Mark R. , DeMont Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContextIn 2013, the Canadian Athletic Therapists’ Association (CATA) Education Task Force made recommendations for future athletic therapy education in Canada with 10 consensus statements. Little progress has been reported to date, particularly on two statements: implementation of competency‐based education (CBE) and establishing a valid, reliable, feasible, and financially viable practical national certification examination (NCE).ObjectiveWe sought to understand the perspectives of CATA program directors (PDs) as it related to implementation of CBE and potential abolishment of the practical examination.MethodsA qualitative, phenomenological approach was employed to better understand the athletic therapy program directors’ lived experiences as it related to CBE implementation in their own educational institutions. Secondarily and related to understanding this phenomenon, we sought to understand PD perspectives on taking over the responsibility for establishing competence for their graduates as a surrogate to replace the practical NCE. Semi‐structured interviews took place with the seven PDs or all CATA‐accredited programs. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes. We (ML and RD) independently and blindly established themes and later met to discuss the themes that emerged from the interviews.ResultsFour key themes emerged from the analysis: (a) definition of CBE; (b) national standards; (c) trust; and (d) collaboration.DiscussionEach of the themes that emerged had the commonality that all were barriers to implement CBE. Some PDs did not think they were currently offering CBE, yet described many of the key features of CBE. A definition and national standard would help to progress the implementation of CBE.
A finite difference method with subsampling for immersed boundary simulations of the capsule dynamics with viscoelastic membranes
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe membrane or interfacial viscosity is an important property in many multiphase and biofluidic situations, such as the red blood cell dynamics and emulsion stability. The immersed boundary method (IBM), which incorporates the dynamic flow‐membrane interaction via force distribution and velocity interpolation, has been extensively employed in simulations of such systems. Unfortunately, direct implementation of membrane viscosity in IBM suffers severe numerical instability, which causes an IBM calculation to break down before generating any useful results. Few attempts have been recently reported; however, several concerns exist in these attempts, such as the inconsistency to the classical definition of membrane viscosity, the inability to model the shear and dilatational viscosities separately, the unjustified mathematical formulations, and the complicated algorithms and computation. To overcome these concerns, in this paper, we propose a finite difference approach for implementing membrane viscosity in immersed boundary simulations. The viscous stress is obtained via finite difference approximations to the differential strain‐stress relationship, with the help of a subsampling scheme to reduce the numerical noise in the calculated strain rates. This simple method has also avoided the complicated matrix calculations in previous attempts, and hence, a better computational efficiency is expected. Detailed mathematical description of the method and key steps for its implementation in immersed boundary programs are provided. Validation and illustration calculations are performed, and our results are compared with analytical solutions and previous publications with satisfactory agreement. The influences of membrane mesh resolution and simulation time step are also examined; and the results show no indication that our finite difference method has downgraded the general IBM accuracy. Based on these simulations and analysis, we believe that our method would be a better choice for future IBM simulations of capsule dynamics with viscoelastic membranes.
Undiagnosed diabetes among Hispanic and white adults with elevated haemoglobin A1c levels
Authors: Russell Elaine , Oh Kyeung Mi , Zhao Xiaoquan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to compare the frequency and correlates of undiagnosed diabetes between Hispanic and white American adults ages 20 and older with known diabetes or elevated HbA1c.MethodsUsing 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey data, 1792 white and Hispanic Americans age 20 and older with known diabetes or elevated HbA1c (≥6.5%) were included in the analysis. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as elevated HbA1c more than or equal to 6.5% without prior diabetes diagnosis. Covariates included demographics, health care access, and survey language.ResultsHispanics were younger (54.92 vs 61.45 y, p < .001) and had a higher rate of undiagnosed diabetes (28.2% vs 18.0%, p < .001) than their white counterparts. For Hispanics, those with undiagnosed diabetes had higher mean HbA1c than those with known diabetes (p = .03), but no significant difference was found between diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes among whites. Covariates that decreased the odds of undiagnosed diabetes among Hispanic Americans included having a routine place to receive health care. For whites, covariates that decreased the odds of undiagnosed diabetes were a higher ratio of income to poverty level, having health insurance and having a routine place for health care.ConclusionThe high proportion of unknown diabetes among Hispanic Americans suggests the need for a culturally competent health campaign to improve community diabetes awareness. Emphasizing the importance of having a routine place of health care for regular health check‐ups and expanded community resources for diabetes early detection and prevention among this population could decrease the burden of diabetes.
Experimental removals reveal dietary niche partitioning facilitates coexistence between native and introduced species
Authors: Derbridge Jonathan J. , Koprowski John L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Niche overlap between native species and ecologically similar invaders can lead to competitive exclusion of threatened native species, but if two such species also co‐occur naturally elsewhere, interactions between native and introduced populations may mirror coevolved niche partitioning that reduces competition and promotes coexistence.

A single, insular population of Fremont's squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti) the Mount Graham red squirrel (MGRS; T. f. grahamensis) in the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona, USA, is critically endangered and resource competition with introduced Abert's squirrels (Sciurus aberti) may threaten its long‐term persistence. The species are naturally synoptic in other mountain sites, and both consume diets comprised primarily of conifer seeds and fungi.

We conducted experimental removals of introduced Abert's squirrels and used stable isotope analysis of diets before and after removals, and of diets in naturally syntopic populations to test the hypothesis that dietary niche partitioning can facilitate coexistence between native and introduced species. We also developed a novel approach to determine the influence of fluctuating food availability on carbon enrichment in consumers.

Mount Graham red squirrels and introduced Abert's squirrels partitioned the dietary niche similarly to naturally syntopic populations. Removals had no apparent effect. Diet of MGRS was more closely linked to availability of resources than to presence of Abert's squirrels.

Flexible dietary niche of introduced Abert's squirrels may have allowed them to exploit a resource opportunity in syntopy with MGRS. Variable food production of MGRS habitat may intensify competition in poor years, and territorial defense against non‐native Abert's squirrels likely imposes fitness costs on individual MGRS. Similarity in our model species’ diets may make MGRS more vulnerable to competition if climate change eliminates the advantages of larder‐hoarding. Where introduced populations of ecologically similar species are better adapted to changing conditions, they may ultimately replace southern peripheral populations of native species.
One‐locus‐several‐primers: A strategy to improve the taxonomic and haplotypic coverage in diet metabarcoding studies
Authors: Corse Emmanuel , Tougard Christelle , Archambaud‐Suard Gaït , Agnèse Jean‐François , Messu Mandeng Françoise D. , Bilong Bilong Charles F. , Duneau David , Zinger Lucie , Chappaz Rémi , Xu Charles C.Y. , Meglécz Emese , Dubut Vincent 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn diet metabarcoding analyses, insufficient taxonomic coverage of PCR primer sets generates false negatives that may dramatically distort biodiversity estimates. In this paper, we investigated the taxonomic coverage and complementarity of three cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) primer sets based on in silico analyses and we conducted an in vivo evaluation using fecal and spider web samples from different invertivores, environments, and geographic locations. Our results underline the lack of predictability of both the coverage and complementarity of individual primer sets: (a) sharp discrepancies exist observed between in silico and in vivo analyses (to the detriment of in silico analyses); (b) both coverage and complementarity depend greatly on the predator and on the taxonomic level at which preys are considered; (c) primer sets’ complementarity is the greatest at fine taxonomic levels (molecular operational taxonomic units [MOTUs] and variants). We then formalized the “one‐locus‐several‐primer‐sets” (OLSP) strategy, that is, the use of several primer sets that target the same locus (here the first part of the COI gene) and the same group of taxa (here invertebrates). The proximal aim of the OLSP strategy is to minimize false negatives by increasing total coverage through multiple primer sets. We illustrate that the OLSP strategy is especially relevant from this perspective since distinct variants within the same MOTUs were not equally detected across all primer sets. Furthermore, the OLSP strategy produces largely overlapping and comparable sequences, which cannot be achieved when targeting different loci. This facilitates the use of haplotypic diversity information contained within metabarcoding datasets, for example, for phylogeography and finer analyses of prey–predator interactions.
Expression of IL‐7Rα and KLRG1 defines functionally distinct CD8+ T‐cell populations in humans
Authors: Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Hombrink Pleun , Nota Benjamin , Pircher Hanspeter , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , van Lier René A. W. , van Aalderen Michiel C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring acute viral infections in mice, IL‐7Rα and KLRG1 together are used to distinguish the short‐lived effector cells (SLEC; IL‐7RαloKLRGhi) from the precursors of persisting memory cells (MPEC; IL‐7RαhiKLRG1lo). We here show that these markers can be used to define distinct subsets in the circulation and lymph nodes during the acute phase and in “steady state” in humans. In contrast to the T cells in the circulation, T cells derived from lymph nodes hardly contain any KLRG1‐expressing cells. The four populations defined by IL‐7Rα and KLRG1 differ markedly in transcription factor, granzyme and chemokine receptor expression. When studying renal transplant recipients experiencing a primary hCMV and EBV infection, we also found that after viral control, during latency, Ki‐67‐negative SLEC can be found in the peripheral blood in considerable numbers. Thus, combined analyses of IL‐7Rα and KLRG1 expression on human herpes virus‐specific CD8+ T cells can be used to separate functionally distinct subsets in humans. As a noncycling IL‐7RαloKLRG1hi population is abundant in healthy humans, we conclude that this combination of markers not only defines short‐lived effector cells during the acute response but also stable effector cells that are formed and remain present during latent herpes infections.
Direct finite element method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of concrete dams: Simplification, modeling, and practical application
Authors: Løkke Arnkjell , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA direct finite element (FE) method for nonlinear response history analysis of semi‐unbounded dam‐water‐foundation systems has recently been presented. The analysis procedure employs standard viscous‐damper absorbing boundaries to model the semi‐unbounded foundation and fluid domains and specifies the seismic input as effective earthquake forces—determined from a control motion defined at the foundation surface—at these boundaries. Presented in this paper are several simplifications to this direct FE method that greatly facilitates its implementation in commercial FE software. Also addressed is the modeling of the principal nonlinear mechanisms for concrete dams, calibration of damping in the numerical model to ensure consistency with values measured at actual dams, and practical procedures for implementation of the direct FE method with a commercial FE program.
Production of a natural color through microwave‐assisted extraction of saffron tepal's anthocyanins
Authors: Jafari Seid Mahdi , Mahdavee Khazaei Katayoun , Assadpour Elham 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe extraction of anthocyanins from saffron (Crocus sativus) flower's tepal by microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) was studied. The independent factors were solvent to sample ratio (10:1‒100:1), extraction temperature (35‒75°C), and time (5‒15 min). Maximum irradiation power in all experiments was 360 W. We applied response surface methodology (RSM) in order to determine optimum processing conditions which give maximum extraction efficiency (mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside/g dried tepals). It was found that the influence of solvent ratio was more important for extraction yield than two other variables. Extraction conditions which maximized the extracted anthocyanins content were ratio of solvent to sample 77.5 ml/g, temperature 48°C, and extraction time of 9.3 min that resulted in 101 mg anthocyanins/g. In addition, MAE was a rapid and efficient technique for saffron anthocyanins due to disruption of cell walls under microwave irradiation, which was observed by microstructural analysis.
Drying the leaves of Perilla frutescens increases their content of anticancer nutraceuticals
Authors: Kagawa Natsuko , Iguchi Hiroya , Henzan Masahumi , Hanaoka Mitsumasa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA regular intake of plant‐derived bioactive agents has gained popularity because of the health benefits. Fresh leafy greens, however, normally have a low concentration of such bioactive agents. In this study, we found that drying markedly affected the accumulation of secondary metabolites and that dried leaves of Perilla frutescens L. (perilla) contained more anticancer flavonoids than fresh leaves. Drying is a major method of food preparation, particularly for plant‐based foods, but the quality of the bioactive agents contained in the fresh and dried leaves of perilla has received only scant attention. Quantitative analysis of the concentrations of perillaldehyde, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, luteolin, 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and 4‐coumaric acid, some of which are known as nutraceuticals, revealed that the effect of drying significantly increased apigenin (28‐fold) and luteolin (86‐fold), but decreased rosmarinic acid in all leaf stages. We examined the positive effect on flavonoid levels on perilla leaves and confirmed that, by comparison with fresh perilla leaves, the dried leaves contained greater concentrations of anticancer flavonoids regardless of variety, form, or manner of cultivation. This indicates that drying can significantly increase the level of flavonoids in perilla leaves without a loss of flavor. Therefore, drying is a simple and effective method to improve the concentrations of bioactive agents, which increases the intake of beneficial substances derived from herbs and edible plants. This finding serves as a method for the supply of raw plant materials rich in bioactive agents that are suitable for labeling as edible nutraceuticals.
Can limits‐to‐arbitrage from bounded storage improve commodity term‐structure modeling?
Authors: Kleppe Tore S. , Oglend Atle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper develops and estimates a two‐factor competitive storage model for the purpose of pricing commodity futures. The empirical relevance of the model is evaluated for US natural gas and crude oil futures by comparing the pricing performance to reduced form models. Results suggest jump models, both reduced form and economic, improve modeling due to incorporating pricing discontinuities. Furthermore, the economic model precludes carry arbitrage, which appears relevant for pricing natural gas futures. For crude oil, the reduced form models produce superior pricing under nonstationary market conditions, and the economic model produces superior long‐dated futures pricing under stationarity.
Ancestry‐specific association mapping in admixed populations
Authors: Skotte Line , Jørsboe Emil , Korneliussen Thorfinn S. , Moltke Ida , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade genome‐wide association studies have proven to be a powerful approach to identifying disease‐causing variants. However, for admixed populations, most current methods for association testing are based on the assumption that the effect of a genetic variant is the same regardless of its ancestry. This is a reasonable assumption for a causal variant but may not hold for the genetic variants that are tested in genome‐wide association studies, which are usually not causal. The effects of noncausal genetic variants depend on how strongly their presence correlate with the presence of the causal variant, which may vary between ancestral populations because of different linkage disequilibrium patterns and allele frequencies. Motivated by this, we here introduce a new statistical method for association testing in recently admixed populations, where the effect size is allowed to depend on the ancestry of a given allele. Our method does not rely on accurate inference of local ancestry, yet using simulations we show that in some scenarios it gives a substantial increase in statistical power to detect associations. In addition, the method allows for testing for difference in effect size between ancestral populations, which can be used to help determine if a given genetic variant is causal. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method on data from the Greenlandic population.
Maternal scaffolding and toddlers' active joint engagement during play: Moderating effects of toddlers' temperamental activity
Authors: Seo SoJung , Lee Young‐Eun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined the associations between maternal scaffolding and toddlers' active joint engagement during play and whether toddlers' temperamental activity moderates those associations. Korean mother‐toddler dyads (N = 106) participated in semistructured free play. Maternal scaffolding, toddlers' joint engagement, and physical activity level were videotaped for 15 min, and the toddlers' temperamental activity was reported by their mothers. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we found positive effects of maternal scaffolding on toddlers' joint engagement during play. Maternal scaffolding was more positively associated with joint engagement among temperamentally low active toddlers than among temperamentally high active toddlers. We did not find main effects of maternal scaffolding on toddlers' physical activity level during play but found significant moderating effects of toddlers' temperamental activity on the associations. Maternal scaffolding was negatively associated with the physical activity level of temperamentally high active toddlers. The implications of this study for future research and practice are discussed.Highlights

This study examined the association between maternal scaffolding and toddlers' active joint engagement during play and whether toddlers' temperamental activity moderates those associations.
Korean mother‐toddler dyads (N = 106) participated in semi‐structured free play. Maternal scaffolding and toddlers' joint engagement and physical activity level were videotaped for 15 min, and the toddlers' temperamental activity was reported by their mothers. Maternal scaffolding was more positively associated with joint engagement among temperamentally low active toddlers than among temperamentally high active toddlers. Also, maternal scaffolding was negatively associated with the physical activity level of temperamentally high active toddlers.
The main results of the current study provide implications for informing intervention and prevention programs aimed at helping mothers understand and recognize the important role of scaffolding in toddlers' active joint engagement in play.
A microarray‐based comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in thyroid glands in amphibian metamorphosis: differences in effects between chemical exposure and food restriction
Authors: Ose Keiko , Yamada Fumihiro , Ohara Ayako , Suzuki Noriyuki , Fukuda Takako , Miyamoto Mitsugu , Sumida Kayo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTadpoles during metamorphosis are sensitive to chemical exposure as shown in the amphibian metamorphosis assay, which is a method to detect effects of chemicals on the functions of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis. The present study reports existence of different modes of action between pyriproxyfen (PYR) and 6‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil (PTU) under different feeding conditions based on gene expression profiles (transcriptomics) in the thyroid glands of tadpoles of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. PTU and PYR were exposed to the tadpoles during metamorphosis under normal (fed groups, both of PTU and PRY) and restricted feeding (fasted groups, PTU only) conditions; and effects were compared to control groups. Delayed development based on decreased Nieuwkoop and Faber developmental stage number without any histopathological changes was observed in the control of restricted feeding (control‐fasted) group, and the PYR group with reduced food consumption. Clear developmental retardation with typical thyroid histopathological changes was observed in the PTU groups. To find clusters of all samples based on their similarity of expression patterns, hierarchical clustering analysis using selected gene probes was conducted. It revealed gene profiles from samples of the PYR group were quite similar to those of the control‐fasted group, followed by the control group with normal feeding (control‐fed). The results suggest that key events in the thyroid glands of tadpoles induced by PYR should be quite similar to those of control‐fasted, and quite different from those of the PTU groups. Our findings demonstrated the usefulness of transcriptomics, which enabled recognition of the different modes of actions.