bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation behavior and constitutive model for high temperature compression of a newly type of Ni3Al‐based superalloy
Authors: Zhong J. , Xu Z. , Liu B. , Xu Q. , Sun C. , Wu J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the hot deformation mechanism of a newly development Ni3Al‐based superalloy, hot compression tests at temperatures between 1100 °C–1250 °C and the strain rates of 0.001 s−1–1.0 s−1 were conducted. The results show that the curves of true stress‐strain indicate the thermal deformation is a typical dynamic recrystallization process, which the peak stresses and steady‐state stresses increase with decreasing temperatures and increasing strain rates. The softening mechanism is mainly dynamic recrystallization. The experimental data of peak stresses and steady‐state stresses is employed to calculate the constants in the Arrhenius equation. The steady‐state stresses are considered more reasonable for solving the parameters in the Arrhenius equation. Based on the constitutive equation obtained, the calculated values of steady‐state stresses match well with the experimental values at the strain rates of 0.001 s−1, 0.01 s−1 and 0.1 s−1, whereas there exists much deviation at 1.0 s−1. For the sake of accuracy of predicted results at 1.0 s−1 strain rate, a modified Zener‐Hollomon parameter Z’ is introduced. The results show that the modified constitutive equations established in this study could well predict the value of steady‐state stress in hot deformation of the newly development Ni3Al‐based alloy.
NifA is the master regulator of both nitrogenase systems in Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Demtröder Lisa , Pfänder Yvonne , Schäkermann Sina , Bandow Julia Elisabeth , Masepohl Bernd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRhodobacter capsulatus fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by a molybdenum (Mo)‐nitrogenase and a Mo‐free iron (Fe)‐nitrogenase, whose production is induced or repressed by Mo, respectively. At low nanomolar Mo concentrations, both isoenzymes are synthesized and contribute to nitrogen fixation. Here we examined the regulatory interplay of the central transcriptional activators NifA and AnfA by proteome profiling. As expected from earlier studies, synthesis of the structural proteins of Mo‐nitrogenase (NifHDK) and Fe‐nitrogenase (AnfHDGK) required NifA and AnfA, respectively, both of which depend on the alternative sigma factor RpoN to activate expression of their target genes. Unexpectedly, NifA was found to be essential for the synthesis of Fe‐nitrogenase, electron supply to both nitrogenases, biosynthesis of their cofactors, and production of RpoN. Apparently, RpoN is the only NifA‐dependent factor required for target gene activation by AnfA, since plasmid‐borne rpoN restored anfH transcription in a NifA‐deficient strain. However, plasmid‐borne rpoN did not restore Fe‐nitrogenase activity in this strain. Taken together, NifA requirement for synthesis and activity of both nitrogenases suggests that Fe‐nitrogenase functions as a complementary nitrogenase rather than an alternative isoenzyme in R. capsulatus.
Withaferin A inhibits expression of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related kinase and enhances sensitivity of human breast cancer cells to cisplatin
Authors: Hahm Eun‐Ryeong , Lee Joomin , Abella Terric , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR) is a serine/threonine‐specific kinase that plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic integrity. In this study, we investigated the role of ATR in cell‐cycle arrest by withaferin A (WA), a cancer preventative steroidal lactone derived from Withania somnifera plant abundant in India and surrounding countries. The WA treatment decreased the viability of MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and SUM159 cells. Exposure of breast cancer cells to WA also resulted in suppression of protein level as well as phosphorylation of ATR and its downstream effector kinase (checkpoint kinase 1; CHK1). Both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms were involved in the WA‐mediated downregulation of ATR protein. Downregulation of ATR protein expression resulting from WA exposure was not attenuated by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase. In contrast, the overexpression of CHK1 attenuated WA‐mediated G2/M arrest and augmented S10 phosphorylation of histone H3, a marker of mitotic arrest. The protein level of ATR was lowered by about 50% in breast tumors of WA‐treated mouse mammary tumor virus‐neu mice when compared with vehicle‐treated controls but the difference was not significant due to small sample size. WA treatment sensitized MDA‐MB‐231 and SUM159 cells to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by cisplatin. Cisplatin treatment resulted in increased autophosphorylation of ATR (T1989) and CHK1 (S345) phosphorylation that was markedly suppressed in the presence of WA. These results indicate that WA is an inhibitor of ATR in human breast cancer cells.
Retracted: MiR‐497‐5p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting insulin‐like growth factor 1
Authors: Xu Guo‐shu , Li Zi‐wei , Huang Zhi‐Ping , Brunicardi F. Charles , Jia Fu , Song Chao , Zou Hai‐jian , Sun Rui‐fen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Aberrant expression of miR‐497‐5p has been reported in various human malignancies. However, the role of miR‐497‐5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.ResultsIn this study, we found that miR‐497‐5p was downregulated in HCC tissues. The low level of miR‐497‐5p in HCC tumors was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. The overexpression of miR‐497‐5p significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Bioinformatics analysis further identified insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as a novel target of miR‐497‐5p in HCC cells.ConclusionOur study suggested that miR‐497‐5p regulates HCC cell survival, partially through downregulation of IGF1. Therefore, the miR‐497‐5p/IGF1 axis might serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
Organ doses from CT localizer radiographs: Development, validation, and application of a Monte Carlo estimation technique
Authors: Hoye Jocelyn , Sharma Shobhit , Zhang Yakun , Fu Wanyi , Ria Francesco , Kapadia Anuj , Segars W. Paul , Wilson Joshua , Samei Ehsan 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to simulate and validate organ doses from different computed tomography (CT) localizer radiograph geometries using Monte Carlo methods for a population of patients.MethodsA Monte Carlo method was developed to estimate organ doses from CT localizer radiographs using PENELOPE. The method was validated by comparing dosimetry estimates with measurements using an anthropomorphic phantom imbedded with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) scanned on a commercial CT system (Siemens SOMATOM Flash). The Monte Carlo simulation platform was then applied to conduct a population study with 57 adult computational phantoms (XCAT). In the population study, clinically relevant chest localizer protocols were simulated with the x‐ray tube in anterior–posterior (AP), right lateral, and PA positions. Mean organ doses and associated standard deviations (in mGy) were then estimated for all simulations. The obtained organ doses were studied as a function of patient chest diameter. Organ doses for breast and lung were compared across different views and represented as a percentage of organ doses from rotational CT scans.ResultsThe validation study showed an agreement between the Monte Carlo and physical TLD measurements with a maximum percent difference of 15.5% and a mean difference of 3.5% across all organs. The XCAT population study showed that breast dose from AP localizers was the highest with a mean value of 0.24 mGy across patients, while the lung dose was relatively consistent across different localizer geometries. The organ dose estimates were found to vary across the patient population, partially explained by the changes in the patient chest diameter. The average effective dose was 0.18 mGy for AP, 0.09 mGy for lateral, and 0.08 mGy for PA localizer.ConclusionA platform to estimate organ doses in CT localizer scans using Monte Carlo methods was implemented and validated based on comparison with physical dose measurements. The simulation platform was applied to a virtual patient population, where the localizer organ doses were found to range within 0.4%–8.6% of corresponding organ doses for a typical CT scan, 0.2%–3.3% of organ doses for a CT pulmonary angiography scan, and 1.1%–20.8% of organ doses for a low‐dose lung cancer screening scan.
A cadaveric study for the volar needle approach to the pronator quadratus using the palmaris longus tendon landmark
Authors: Park Hong Bum , Kim Ki Hoon , Kim Dasom , Rhyu Im Joo , Park Byung Kyu , Kim Dong Hwee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur aim in this work was to determine the safety and accuracy of the volar approach to the pronator quadratus (PQ) through cadaver dissection.MethodsTwenty upper limbs from 10 fresh cadavers were investigated. At the level 3 cm proximal to the ulnar styloid process (USP), a needle was inserted just medial to the palmaris longus (PL) tendon. Distances of the median nerve (MN) and ulnar artery (UA) from the needle insertion point (IP) were measured using ultrasonography and cadaver dissection.ResultsThe PQ was located at a depth of 10.8‐19.9 mm from the skin and had a median thickness of 9.1 mm, measured 3 cm proximal to the USP. The median distances of the MN and UA from the IP were 7.6 and 13.4 mm, respectively.DiscussionA needle insertion for the volar approach to the PQ was safe at 3 cm proximal to the USP, just medial to the PL tendon.
Feeding During Resuscitation After Burn Injury
Authors: Masch Jessica L. , Bhutiani Neal , Bozeman Matthew C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBurn injury results in a sustained hypermetabolic state with resulting increased caloric and protein requirements to support the stress and immune responses; augmented protein, fat, and carbohydrate catabolism; oxidative stress; and exudative losses. Along with surgical debridement, nutrition and resuscitation are the foundations of patient management after severe burn injury. Recent literature has demonstrated a clear benefit to early enteral nutrition initiation during the resuscitation period. This review aims to examine recent literature discussing both physiologic impact of burn injury and approaches to feeding during resuscitation after burn injury; including methods of determining nutrition requirements, routes, timing, and monitoring response and the associated benefits and consequences thereof.
Quantitative diagnostic advantages of three‐dimensional ultrasound volume imaging for fetal posterior fossa anomalies: Preliminary establishment of a prediction model
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Guo Cuixia , Yao Ling , Zhang Tiejuan , Wang Jingjing , Wang Li , Liu Yan , Wang Keyang , Wang Longxia , Wu Qingqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo quantitatively assess prenatal diagnostic performance of three‐dimensional ultrasound (3D‐US) for posterior fossa anomalies (PFA) and establish a preliminarily 3D‐US prediction model.MethodsSixty singleton fetuses suspected of PFA by 2D‐US presented their detailed 3D‐US evaluation. The surface area of vermis (SAV), brainstem‐vermis, and brainstem‐tentorium angles were measured by 3D‐US. The good prognosis was defined as normal neurodevelopmental outcome. MRI and autopsy were the diagnostic reference standard.ResultsThere was a significant difference between 2D‐US (60.0%, 36/60) and 3D‐US (94.8%, 55/58) for the diagnostic accuracy (P < .01). Prenatal 3D‐US prediction model was established with observed/expected SAV as the main predictor (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.901; 95% CI, 0.810‐0.992, P < .001). When it was more than 107.5%, the prognosis seemed to be good (sensitivity: 96.4%, specificity: 26.7%), which led to consideration of mega cisterna magna, Blake pouch cyst, or small arachnoid cyst. The prognosis appeared to be poor when it was less than 73% (sensitivity: 71.4%, specificity: 100%), and the diagnosis tended to be a Dandy‐Walker malformation, vermian hypoplasia, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Brainstem–vermis and brainstem–tentorium angles were the secondary indicators (AUC: 0.689 vs 0.761; 95% CI, 0.541‐0.836 vs 0.624‐0.897, P = .014 vs.001).ConclusionsIt seems that the exact types of PFA can be effectively diagnosed by quantitative indicators of 3D‐US.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Pulmonary Related Debility Rehabilitation
Authors: Burke David T. , Penna Suzanne , Al‐Adawi Samir , Bell Regina B. , Burke Daniel P. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundObesity is a known factor for the development of abnormal respiratory physiology. However, several studies have found that obesity does not hinder functional recovery in patients hospitalized for postacute care following a stroke or cardiovascular event. This study was designed to determine the effect of overweight and obesity on patients with acute pulmonary disease, hospitalized in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF).ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on indices of function, specifically, the functional independence measure (FIM) among patients with pulmonary related debility admitted to a rehabilitation hospital.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPulmonary unit in an acute freestanding rehabilitation hospital.PatientsAll patients admitted to an IRF with a diagnosis of pulmonary related debility over a 6‐year period.MethodsThe data used in the study included the patient height and weight (measured on admission) and FIM (scored on admission and discharge).Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary study outcome measure was the change in FIM per day by the patients' BMI category.ResultsFor the 381 patients admitted during the observation period, BMI was compared with FIM score changes per day (FIM efficiency). After adjusting for age and sex, the FIM efficiency only slightly differed by BMI, failing to reach statistical significance. However, age did significantly influence the outcome (P = .05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that among a large group of patients with a pulmonary related debility, there was no statistically significant correlation between BMI and FIM efficiency. The overweight patients were similar in progression to those who were underweight, normal weight, and obese. However, this study found that increased age adversely affected the outcome of rehabilitation.Level of EvidenceIII.
Stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins through ammonium ylides: A molecular electron density theory study
Authors: Amiri Arash , Emamian Saeedreza , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Ali‐Asgari Safa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe highly trans stereoselective formation of cyclopropane derivative trans‐CP 6 via the reaction of ammonium salt (AS 2) with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in the presence of Na2CO3 was theoretically investigated within Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) computational level to probe energetics, selectivities, and molecular mechanism. This domino reaction starts by nucleophilic substitution reaction between 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and phenacyl chloride (PC) to form AS 2 followed by a proton abstraction from AS 2 in the presence of Na2CO3 to yield ammonim ylide (AY 3). Subsequently, AY 3 nucleophilically attacks to the MVK to produce gauche betaine‐like intermediate IN‐Tg 2, which is converted into anti betaine‐like intermediate IN‐Ta through a C–C single bond rotation. Finally, trans‐CP 6 is generated along a ring‐closure step. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies shows that nucleophilic attack of AY 3 to MVK is the rate‐determining step (RDS). An analysis of the density functional theory (DFT)‐based reactivity indices permits that AY 3 and MVK are, respectively, classified as a strong nucleophile and as a strong electrophile, in clear agreement with the high polar character of the additional step while exploring of the electrophilic as well as nucleophilic Parr functions computed at the reactive sites of reagents elucidates the regioselectivity within the C1–C4 single bond formation process.
Collection of antimicrobial peptides database and its derivatives: Applications and beyond
Authors: Waghu Faiza Hanif , Idicula‐Thomas Susan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCollection of antimicrobial peptides (CAMP), CAMPSign, and ClassAMP are open‐access resources that have been developed to enhance research on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Comprehensive information on AMPs and machine learning‐based predictive models are made available for users through these resources. As of date, CAMPR3 has 10,247 sequences, 757 structures, and 114 family‐specific signatures of AMPs along with associated tools for AMP sequence and structure analysis. CAMPSign uses family‐specific sequence conservation, in the form of patterns and hidden Markov models for identification of AMPs. ClassAMP can be used to classify AMPs as antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral based on sequence information. Here we describe CAMP and its derivatives and illustrate, with a few examples, the contribution of these online resources to the advancement of our current understanding of AMPs.
Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms
Authors: Kanehisa Minoru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this era of high‐throughput biology, bioinformatics has become a major discipline for making sense out of large‐scale datasets. Bioinformatics is usually considered as a practical field developing databases and software tools for supporting other fields, rather than a fundamental scientific discipline for uncovering principles of biology. The KEGG resource that we have been developing is a reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of genome sequences and other high‐throughput data. It is now one of the most utilized biological databases because of its practical values. For me personally, KEGG is a step toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms.
Sterilization of sea lice eggs with ultraviolet C light: towards a new preventative technique for aquaculture
Authors: Barrett Luke T , Pert Cassandra G , Bui Samantha , Oppedal Frode , Dempster Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea lice infestations on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms are a considerable burden on the industry and put wild salmonid populations at risk. Frequent delousing treatments are necessary to keep lice densities below allowable limits, but currently viable treatments have drawbacks in terms of financial cost, animal welfare, or environmental impacts. We tested if 254 nm ultraviolet C light (UVC) could function as a new preventative method to suppress reproduction of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) by sterilizing fertilized eggs. We exposed salmon lice eggstrings to a range of UVC intensities and durations to identify effective doses.RESULTSA cumulative dose of 0.008 J cm−2 induced 5% egg mortality, while 95% egg mortality occurred at 0.09 J cm−2, indicating that UVC can be effective as a preventative treatment. The total cumulative dose appeared to be more important than the duration or number of individual exposures by which the total dose was achieved.CONCLUSIONUVC treatment has immediate applications for the salmon aquaculture industry, including for the treatment of wastewater from delousing or other operations. Future work will assess the feasibility of UVC dose delivery on host salmon in sea cage environments that involves little or no fish handling and creates negligible environmental impacts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Flavonoids as efficient scaffolds: Recent trends for malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue
Authors: Boniface Pone Kamdem , Ferreira Elizabeth Igne 
Published: August 2019

Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually with over 500,000 deaths. Among the NTDs, some of the most severe consist of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria. According to the World Health Organization, 216 million cases of malaria were reported in 2016 with 445,000 deaths. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Flavonoids are a class of compounds that has been the subject of considerable scientific interest. New developments of flavonoids have made promising advances for the potential treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue, with less toxicity, high efficacy, and improved bioavailability. This review summarizes the current standings of the use of flavonoids to treat malaria and neglected diseases such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. Natural and synthetic flavonoids are leading compounds that can be used for developing antiprotozoal and antiviral agents. However, detailed studies on toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action of these compounds are required to confirm the in vitro pharmacological claims of flavonoids for pharmaceutical applications.Highlights

In the current review, we have tried to compile recent discoveries on natural and synthetic flavonoids as well as their implication in the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue.
A total of 373 (220 natural and 153 synthetic) flavonoids have been evaluated for antimalarial, antileishmanial, antichagasic, and antidengue activities.
Most of these flavonoids showed promising results against the above diseases.
Reports on molecular modeling of flavonoid compounds to the disease target indicated encouraging results.
Flavonoids can be prospected as potential leads for drug development; however, more rigorously designed studies on toxicity and pharmacokinetics, as well as the quantitative structure–activity relationship studies of these compounds, need to be addressed.
Critical stability and quantum phase transition of screened two‐electron system
Authors: Sadhukhan Anjan , Dutta Sayantan , Saha Jayanta K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ground state energy and structural properties of a model two‐electron system (Zee), bound via screened Coulomb interaction with nuclear charge Z, have been studied under the variational framework. Hylleraas type basis has been adopted for explicit incorporation of the electron–electron correlation. Critical nuclear charges (Zc) of Zee system have been reported for different screening parameters (μ). Expectation values of different structural properties have been estimated to predict the internal structure of the Zee system. The variation of the structural properties with respect to Z for different μ reveals the signature of quantum phase transition (QPT) in the vicinity of Zc. Moreover, the nature of variation of these properties with respect to Z in case of bare Coulomb or free system (μ = 0) is completely opposite to those of screened system (μ ≠ 0). Radial two‐particle density (TPD) confirms the symmetry breaking of the electronic structure and therefore QPT in the vicinity of Zc.