bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skating on thin ice: Identifying the need for species‐specific data and defined migration ecology of Rajidae spp.
Authors: Siskey Matthew R. , Shipley Oliver N. , Frisk Michael G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSkates (class Chondrichthyes; subclass Elasmobranchii; order Rajiformes; family Rajidae) comprise one quarter of extant chondrichthyans, yet have received little attention in the scientific literature likely due to their relatively low economic value and difficulties in species identification. The absence of species‐specific information on catch, life history and migration of skates has often precluded the development of single‐species stock assessments and led to the use of cursory multispecies assessments, which lack the ability to track species‐specific catch and abundance trends. This has resulted in undetected local extirpations, as has been previously reported for common (Dipturus batis, Rajidae), white (Rostroraja alba, Rajidae) and long‐nose (Dipturus oxyrhinchus, Rajidae) skates in the Irish Sea. Here, we (a) use case studies to illustrate how the perception of skate population structure and stock status has historically been masked through multispecies assessment and management practices, (b) review current information on the movement of skates and identify gaps in knowledge, and (c) identify biases associated with the use of various tagging technologies, which have confounded our understanding of movement and migration ecology of skates. Considering that over 40% of extant Rajidae species are listed as “Data Deficient” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, we illustrate a critical need to broaden the current understanding of skate life history, movement and migration ecology by providing recommendations on the further application of electronic tags and biogeochemical natural tags in movement studies and highlight the benefits that studies using these approaches have for novel management frameworks.
Crystal structure of Kumaglobin: a hexacoordinated heme protein from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus
Authors: Kim JeeEun , Fukuda Yohta , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2018

Tardigrades, also known as water bears, can survive extreme conditions. For example, tardigrades have high tolerance to extreme desiccation because they can enter an anhydrobiotic state, in which they show no or nearly undetectable metabolic processes. Proteins from anhydrobiotic tardigrades with low homology to known proteins from other organisms are new potential targets for structural genomics. Here, we present spectroscopic and structural characterization of an unprecedented globin protein (Kumaglobin: Kgb) found in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade. Spectroscopy reveals that Kgb contains hexacoordinated low‐spin heme, which is not capable of binding to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) unlike other globin proteins, such as neuroglobin. Interestingly however, when distal histidine is replaced with alanine, H2S is capable of binding to heme, implying that the distal histidine of Kgb binds tightly to heme. The overall structure of Kgb at 1.5 Å resolution shows high resemblance to well‐characterized eukaryotic globin proteins, such as myoglobin and cytoglobin. However, the heme coordination geometry in Kgb is unique because the distal histidinyl ligand is located at the 11th position of helix E while it is found at 7th position on helix E in many known globin proteins. The unusual conformation of distal histidine in Kgb is stabilized by a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl O atom of A103. Furthermore, bulky residues exist around the heme cofactor, resulting in a ruffling conformation of the porphyrin ring. Based on our study, Kgb is thought to be involved in electron transfer or enzymatic reactions rather than transporting or storing ligands.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5ZIQ (Kgb4‐SR) and 5ZM9 (Kgb7‐house).
Declines in northern forest tree growth following snowpack decline and soil freezing
Authors: Reinmann Andrew B. , Susser Jessica R. , Demaria Eleonora M. C. , Templer Pamela H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChanges in growing season climate are often the foci of research exploring forest response to climate change. By contrast, little is known about tree growth response to projected declines in winter snowpack and increases in soil freezing in seasonally snow‐covered forest ecosystems, despite extensive documentation of the importance of winter climate in mediating ecological processes. We conducted a 5‐year snow‐removal experiment whereby snow was removed for the first 4–5 weeks of winter in a northern hardwood forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire,USA. Our results indicate that adverse impacts of reduced snowpack and increased soil freezing on the physiology ofAcer saccharum(sugar maple), a dominant species across northern temperate forests, are accompanied by a 40 ± 3% reduction in aboveground woody biomass increment, averaged across the 6 years following the start of the experiment. Further, we find no indication of growth recovery 1 year after cessation of the experiment. Based on these findings, we integrate spatial modeling of snowpack depth with forest inventory data to develop a spatially explicit, regional‐scale assessment of the vulnerability of forest aboveground growth to projected declines in snowpack depth and increased soil frost. These analyses indicate that nearly 65% of sugar maple basal area in the northeastern United States resides in areas that typically experience insulating snowpack. However, under theRCP4.5 and 8.5 emissions scenarios, we project a 49%–95% reduction in forest area experiencing insulating snowpack by the year 2099 in the northeastern United States, leaving large areas of northern forest vulnerable to these changes in winter climate, particularly along the northern edge of the region. Our study demonstrates that research focusing on growing season climate alone overestimates the stimulatory effect of warming temperatures on tree and forest growth in seasonally snow‐covered forests.
Phenology and productivity in a montane bird assemblage: Trends and responses to elevation and climate variation
Authors: Saracco James F. , Siegel Rodney B. , Helton Lauren , Stock Sarah L. , DeSante David F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClimate variation has been linked to historical and predicted future distributions and dynamics of wildlife populations. However, demographic mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed variation and trends in climate (annual snowfall and spring temperature anomalies) and avian demographic variables from mist‐netting data (breeding phenology and productivity) at six sites along an elevation gradient spanning the montane zone of Yosemite National Park between 1993 and 2017. We implemented multi‐species hierarchical models to relate demographic responses to elevation and climate covariates. Annual variation in climate and avian demographic variables was high. Snowfall declined (10 mm/year at the highest site, 2 mm at the lowest site), while spring temperature increased (0.045°C/year) over the study period. Breeding phenology (mean first capture date of juvenile birds) advanced by 0.2 day/year (5 days); and productivity (probability of capturing a juvenile bird) increased by 0.8%/year. Breeding phenology was 12 days earlier at the lowest compared to highest site, 18 days earlier in years with lowest compared to highest snowfall anomalies, and 6 d earlier in relatively warm springs (after controlling for snowfall effects). Productivity was positively related to elevation. However, elevation–productivity responses varied among species; species with higher productivity at higher compared to lower elevations tended to be species with documented range retractions during the past century. Productivity tended to be negatively related to snowfall and was positively related to spring temperature. Overall, our results suggest that birds have tracked the variable climatic conditions in this system and have benefited from a trend toward warmer, drier springs. However, we caution that continued warming and multi‐year drought or extreme weather years may alter these relationships in the future. Multi‐species demographic modeling, such as implemented here, can provide an important tool for guiding conservation of species assemblages under global change.
Bioactive Phaseolus lunatus peptides release from maltodextrin/gum arabic microcapsules obtained by spray drying after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Cian Raúl E. , Campos‐Soldini Andrea , Chel‐Guerrero Luis , Drago Silvina R. , Betancur‐Ancona David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBioactive peptides can be protected from the gastrointestinal environment by microencapsulation. The aim was to assess the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on bioactive properties of P. lunatus peptides (ACE‐I, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibition) microencapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin/gun arabic in optimal formula. Microcapsules were formulated using a 22 factorial design. The simultaneous effect of P. lunatus hydrolysate (4 and 10 g 100 g−1) and proportion of maltodextrin/gum arabic (25:75 and 75:25 g 100 g−1) on yield, protein efficiency, size, protein release at pH 2.0 and pH 7.0 of the different microcapsules was studied. Microcapsules with maximum yield, protein efficiency, and protein release at pH 7.0, and minimum protein release at pH 2.0 were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Microcapsules obtained in optimal formula preserved the α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory activity of P. lunatus peptides after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.
The impact of recrystallisation on the freeze‐thaw cycles of red seabream (Pagrus major) fillets
Authors: Cao Minjie , Wang Jing , Cao Ailing , Shiuan David , Guan Rongfa , Cai Luyun , Wang Yanbo 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRecrystallisation often occurs in the freeze‐thaw cycles and results in poor food quality. This study was undertaken to analyse the effects of recrystallisation on the changes of protein conformation and moisture migration within red seabream fillets after the freeze‐thaw cycles. The UV second‐derivative spectroscopy, intrinsic fluorescence measurement and Raman spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the protein conformational changes. The Low‐field NMR spectra analysis was used to evaluate moisture migration. The results indicated that the freeze‐thaw cycles altered the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. It was noticed that interactions between water and protein molecules were decreased gradually and eventually induced the thermal instability of the myosin molecules. The immobilised water content declined and the free water content increased. There were significant destructions in fillet muscle microstructure. These observations unambiguously reflect how the recrystallisations affect the protein conformation and moisture migration patterns of red seabream fillets during freeze‐thaw cycles.
Patients' experiences of taking part in Time Together – A nursing intervention in psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Molin Jenny , Graneheim Ulla Hällgren , Ringnér Anders , Lindgren Britt‐Marie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis qualitative study aimed to illuminate patients’ experiences of taking part in the nursing intervention Time Together. The data were drawn from 11 individual semi‐structured interviews with patients and analysed with qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach. The results show that patients taking part in Time Together felt confirmed and participated on equal terms; thus, they experienced being seen as humans among other humans. Time Together offered patients a break, and they felt strengthened, which contributed to their hopes for recovery. Furthermore, when Time Together was absent patients felt disconfirmed, which fostered feelings of distance from staff. The results support the effectiveness of the intervention, indicating that Time Together may be a tool to facilitate patients’ personal recovery. However, the success of the intervention depends on staff compliance with the predetermined structure of the intervention in combination with engagement.
Overcoming the barriers in transgender healthcare in rural Ontario: discourses of personal agency, resilience, and empowerment
Authors: Blodgett Nolan , Coughlan Rory , Khullar Neha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study qualitatively explores the barriers that transgender individuals experience within healthcare settings in rural Ontario. It includes an analysis of how transgender individuals overcome these barriers, as well as the methods by which healthcare interactions can be strengthened to increase their experiences of personal agency. Twelve transgender individuals and three healthcare professionals in rural Ontario participated in open‐ended, semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis and critical discourse analysis. Together these analyses yielded insights on themes pertaining to the breaching of human rights in healthcare interactions; rural challenges experienced by transgender patients in Ontario; the effects of non‐reciprocal relationships on trans‐patients’ experiences of personal agency, autonomy, and mental health; and factors contributing to their overall resiliency and empowerment. Potential transgender healthcare models and directions for future research are also discussed.
Enhanced thermal shock response of Al2O3–graphite composites through a layered architectural design
Authors: Song Junjie , Yang Hui , Bermejo Raúl , Qu Jianmin , Hu Litian , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of ceramics such as alumina in moving components often requires the addition of low friction materials such as graphite. A new strategy for improving toughness, strength, and thermal‐shock resistance of Al2O3–graphite self‐lubricating composites was proposed in this study. Alumina layers embedded between Al2O3–graphite layers were fabricated and tested after thermal shock conditions ranging between 500 °C and 800 °C maximum temperature. Retained strength and apparent fracture toughness after the tests were compared to room temperature values. Results show that compressive residual stresses generated in the outer Al2O3–graphite layers during cooling down from sintering improve the failure resistance of the materials. The introduction of heat‐resistant particles (Al2O3 particles) into graphite layers combined with a layered architecture can greatly decrease the oxidation degradation of the materials below 500 °C. In addition, the retained strength and toughness in the layered architectures after thermal shock between 550 °C and 800 °C remains constant, thus indicating that the new‐developed Al2O3/Al2O3–graphite laminated composites may be reliable candidates for self–lubricating applications also for elevated temperatures.
High pressure extraction and its application in the extraction of bio‐active compounds: A review
Authors: Khan Shafat A. , Aslam Rouf , Makroo Hilal A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtraction of bio‐active compounds has become very important as these compounds show various characteristics which are beneficial to health, such as antioxidant, anti‐carcinogenic and antimicrobial properties. High pressure extraction (HPE) can be included among the recent and novel methods for extracting bioactive compounds from natural materials. The high pressure is applied to stimulate various phenomena (such as transition of phase from one form to another, change in reaction dynamics, change in molecular structure, etc.) which induces a reaction in a direction promoting a decrease in volume hence resulting in the enhancement of extraction efficiency. This article presents a comprehensive review of HPE and its applications in various food products and wastes. The review highlights that HPE is potential option for conventional extraction methods to meet the industrial demand. As most of the research has been conducted at laboratory scale level therefore recommendations for scaling up of the HPE process are made to evaluate the performance at commercial levels.Practical applicationsExtraction is considered to be a vital unit operation in downstream processes. However the conventional methods of extraction have various disadvantages viz. time and solvent consuming, energy deficient, poor extraction, risky to environment. High pressure extraction has a huge potential to partially or fully overcome these disadvantages. This review article presents the working mechanism and principle of HPE, and recent research conducted to evaluate the HPE process of potential bio‐active compounds from various plant and animal sources. HPE has been found to facilitate the recovery of these potential bio‐active compounds in their best natural form. Also it is recommended that HPE could be scaled up to make the extraction process relatively easy and efficient at commercial level.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth on vacuum packaged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with carvacrol and eugenol
Authors: Dimitrijević Mirjana , Grković Nevena , Bošković Marija , Baltić Milan Ž. , Dojčinović Slobodan , Karabasil Neđeljko , Vasilev Dragan , Teodorović Vlado 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carvacrol and eugenol, separately and in combination, on survival of Listeria monocytogenes, and sensory and microbiological characteristics in vacuum packaged Oncorhynchus mykiss during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. The control fish fillets were analyzed for microbial (total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) and sensory properties. Fish fillets treated with carvacrol, eugenol, and their combination displayed populations of L. monocytogenes significantly lower, by 1.35–2.84 log cfu/g, than the control fillets during the whole storage period. No significant differences between groups of fish fillets with different active compound(s) added were noted except at the end of the storage, when the number of L. monocytogenes was significantly lower in the fish fillets with eugenol added. Sensory analysis showed that fish fillets with eugenol added were the most acceptable to trained panelists.Practical applicationsTaking into account the increasing need for the production of safe fish and fish products and the fact that carvacrol and eugenol, which exhibited significant antilisterial effect, are generally recognized as safe they can find its practical application in fish industry. Furthermore, as these substances are major constituents of numerous essential oils they can be considered as natural preservatives and used in the organic production as a substitute with synthetic additives which can cause adverse effects.
Making Function Part of the Conversation: Clinician Perspectives on Measuring Functional Status in Primary Care
Authors: Nicosia Francesca M. , Spar Malena J. , Steinman Michael A. , Lee Sei J. , Brown Rebecca T. 
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVESAlthough there is increasing interest in using functional status to guide clinical decision making, function is seldom routinely assessed in primary care. We explored clinician perspectives on barriers and facilitators to routine measurement of older adults' functional status in primary care settings.DESIGNQualitative study using semistructured interviews.SETTINGPrimary care and geriatrics clinics at six Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.PARTICIPANTSTwenty‐four primary care providers, including 17 from primary care clinics and 7 from geriatrics clinics.MEASUREMENTSWe conducted interviews to elicit clinician perspectives about functional status measurement, including barriers and facilitators to routine assessment. We analyzed transcripts iteratively using a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic approach.RESULTSInterviews revealed three distinct aspects to measuring function: screening and assessment, documentation, and use of data to inform care. Barriers and facilitators to screening and assessment included time availability, clinic processes, and degree of interdisciplinary environment. Barriers and facilitators to documentation included the usability and integration of electronic instruments into workflows and the availability of a standardized location to document function in the electronic medical record. Barriers and facilitators to use of data included the availability of a standardized location to retrieve data on function, the availability of appropriate referrals and services, and provider knowledge of available resources to address functional impairments. To address these barriers, providers emphasized the critical importance of connecting measurement of function directly to improved patient care.CONCLUSIONAlthough clinicians emphasized the importance of measuring function, they also cautioned against additional workload burdens, cumbersome electronic documentation, and measurement of function without ensuring that these data are used to improve care. Approaches to functional status measurement must address these barriers to improve care and outcomes for older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:493–502, 2019.
Radiographic characteristics of mesiodens in a non‐syndromic pediatric population in the Black Sea region
Authors: Altan Halenur , Akkoc Sumeyra , Altan Ahmet 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimA mesiodens is the most frequent type of supernumerary tooth. They can be related to several complications, such as ectopic eruption and midline diastema. The aim of the present study was to assess the radiographic properties of mesiodens by analyzing the associated age, sex distribution, number of mesiodens per patient, shape, direction of eruption, and their association with complications.MethodsThe present study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 14 400 pediatric patients (4‐14 years old) who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Gaziosmanpasa University for a variety of dental complaints from 2015 to 2018.ResultsThere were 82 mesiodens diagnosed in a total of 71 patients. Among the 82 mesiodens, 51 (62.1%) were conical in shape, which was the most commonly seen shape, followed by 14 supplemental (17.07%), and 12 (14.6%) tuberculate. Of the 82 mesiodens, 65 (79.2%) were aligned vertically, nine (10.9%) were inverted, and eight (9.7%) were horizontally placed. Clinical complications were observed in 76.8% of patients.ConclusionThe management of mesiodens can be performed using three methods: (a) spontaneous eruption; (b) early intervention; and (c) delayed intervention. However, the management of mesiodens should be evaluated on an individual basis to determine the best treatment method. Mesiodens‐associated complications should be addressed prior to the lateral incisors erupting.