bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral development of the divergent endemic Hawaiian genus Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae), with special emphasis on the floral nectaries
Authors: Harris Elizabeth M. , Horn James W. , Wagner Warren L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe endemic Hawaiian genus Schiedea has among the most architecturally complex flowers of any genus of Caryophyllaceae. To understand the developmental basis of the unusual floral features that characterize Schiedea, we studied the floral organogenesis of 6 of the 34 species of the genus using SEM, supplementing these observations with a focused investigation of nectary histology. The early ontogeny of Schiedea flowers is like that of many other Caryophyllaceae in that: (1) the five sepals are initiated in a 2/5 spiral, with the first, antesepalous whorl of stamens initiated in an imperfectly contrarotating sequence relative to the sepals; (2) the alternisepalous stamen whorl initiates slightly external to and at a lower level on the floral apex than the antesepalous whorl; and (3) petal primordia, if initiated (rare), arise on a primordium common with an alternisepalous stamen. Hence, most floral features that distinguish the genus, such as the (often) reflexed sepals and elongate stamen filaments, arise late in floral ontogeny. The only unique trait to Schiedea flowers are the elongate, tubular nectary extensions. They are antesepalous and arise from the abaxial surface of a ring–shaped proliferation of tissue that surrounds the bases of the developing stamens. The shape of each nectary in early ontogeny is highly similar to the mature “swallow’s nest” nectaries present in many genera of a major crown clade of Caryophyllaceae (Pleurcaryophyllaceae, containing Schiedea), suggesting that the development of the needle–to scale–like nectary extensions of Schiedea might represent terminal additions onto a “swallow’s nest” nectary ontogenetic program.
Toward a new circumscription of Dombeya (Malvales: Dombeyaceae): A molecular phylogenetic and morphological study of Dombeya of Madagascar and a new segregate genus, Andringitra
Authors: Skema Cynthia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA phylogeny of Dombeya and near relatives is hypothesized from a combined analysis of five noncoding plastid markers and ITS using parsimony and Bayesian methods, and their taxonomy is evaluated by a synthesis of morphological observations with the molecular phylogeny. The topology of the combined analysis of all molecular markers generally corresponds with morphology and includes four major groups. The majority of the Malagasy species, a portion of Mascarene species, and all African species of Dombeya sampled form a monophyletic clade, which is defined as Dombeya s.str. A second clade includes those taxa with winged seeds: Helmiopsis, Helmiopsiella, D. linearifolia and the highly apomorphic Eriolaena. These data and morphology support the transfer of D. linearifolia to Helmiopsis. A third clade of D. subsect. Macranthae plus D. moratii is well supported by both morphological and molecular data; these taxa are segregated from Dombeya as the new genus Andringitra. The fourth clade contains Mascarene endemics: Trochetia, Ruizia, and a portion of the Dombeya from these islands. Two clades within Dombeya s.str. provide evidence against some currently recognized subsections within the genus that are based on inflorescence and androecial characters.
×Hesperotropsis, a new nothogenus for intergeneric crosses between Hesperocyparis and Callitropsis (Cupressaceae), and a review of the complicated nomenclatural history of the Leyland cypress
Authors: Garland Mark A. , Moore Gerry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe widely cultivated Leyland cypress, a hybrid between Nootka cypress and Monterey cypress that was originally named Cupressus xleylandii, exemplifies the instability of names of nothogenera when there are changes in generic placement of the parental taxa. Because of recent phylogenetic research, the parent species of Leyland cypress have each been put in four different genera, leading to 13 possible nothospecific names for this hybrid. Here we present the correct nomenclature for the Leyland cypress under these different taxonomic concepts. We also propose a new nothogenus, ×Resperotropsis, for crosses between Hesperocyparis and Callitropsis, and publish three new combinations in xHesperotropsis, including xHesperotropsis leylandii for the Leyland cypress.
A case study of intragenomic ITS variation in bryophytes: Assessment of gene flow and role of polyploidy in the origin of European taxa of the Tortula muralis (Musci: Pottiaceae) complex
Authors: Košnar Jiří , Herbstová Miroslava , Kolář Filip , Koutecký Petr , Kučera Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor the first time in bryophyte studies, we performed comprehensive cloning of the ITS region to reveal intraindi–vidual variation of ITS sequences. We assessed relationships among morphologically defined taxa of the polyploid complex of the moss Tortula muralis. Our results detected a monophyletic T. muralis complex comprising T. muralis subsp. muralis, T. muralis subsp. obtusifolia, T. lingulata, T. israelis, and T. edentula. The single accession of T. edentula was found nested within T. obtusifolia, and biphyletic T. israelis was found to be nested within T. muralis. With the exception of T. lingulata, intragenomic ITS sequence variation was high in the T. muralis complex. Most intraindividual sequences were nevertheless only weakly divergent, suggesting their origin via mutations exceeding the rates of concerted evolution. Markedly divergent sequences found within a single individual most probably resulted from gene flow among distant lineages of the complex. Such pattern of ITS variation challenges the traditional morphology–based taxonomy. No phylogenetic signal was associated with ploidy–level variation, suggesting a polytopic origin of the diploids. Interestingly, the pattern of ITS variation together with morphological evidence indicate the autopolyploid origin of some lineages, which renders the T. muralis complex the first group of mosses in which autopolyploidy is implied by molecular markers.
The phylogenetic relationships of four monospecific caesalpinioids (Leguminosae) endemic to southern South America
Authors: Nores María J. , Simpson Beryl B. , Hick Pascale , Anton Ana M. , Fortunato Renée H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBalsamocarpon,Lophocarpinia, Stenodrepanum and Zuccagnia are monospecific endemic genera from arid or saline areas of southern South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Chile). Several molecular studies have explored relationships within Caesalpinioideae and the Caesalpinia group but, until now, Stenodrepanum has not been included, Lophocarpinia has been poorly represented and these four South American taxa have not been analyzed together. In order to resolve their evolutionary relationships, a phylogenetic analysis of the plastid trnL–F intron and spacer region that included a broad range of published sequences from Caesalpinieae was used. Combined trnL–F, matK/trnK and morphological data were analysed for a subset of taxa. Stenodrepanum, Balsamocarpon and Zuccagnia formed a monophyletic group with the amphitropical American genus Hoffmannseggia. The clade shares a synapomorphy of sepal persistence in the fruit. Lophocarpinia is shown also to belong to the Caesalpinia informal generic group as traditionally proposed, and grouped with Haematoxylum with which it shares the presence of branches and inflorescences crowded on short shoots and spines derived from branches. As a contribution to the understanding of the Caesalpinia group, phylogenetic hypotheses were used to discuss evolution of selected characters within the group.
Untangling generic limits in Azorella, Laretia, and Mulinum (Apiaceae: Azorelloideae): Insights from phylogenetics and biogeography
Authors: Nicolas Antoine N. , Plunkett Gregory M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe taxonomic histories and generic delimitations of the Andean–Subantarctic genera Azorella, Laretia, and Mulinum are among the most complex in Apiaceae subfam. Azorelloideae. To understand the evolutionary underpinnings of this complexity, we reconstructed the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of these genera, using for the first time a sampling strategy that includes all of their recognized species as well as representatives from the related genera Huanaca, Schizeilema, and Stilbocarpa. Sequences from the plastid rpl16 intron and trnD–trnTregion were generated and phylogenies based on maximum likelihood, parsimony, and Bayesian inference were compared. The resulting phylogenies show many areas of disagreement with the current taxonomic circumscription of the genera. Four genera (Azorella, Mulinum, Huanaca, Schizeilema) are not monophyletic, and a fifth, Laretia, is embedded in one of the Azorella subclades. Each of the two large clades, informally named the “Mulinum clade” and the “Schizeilema clade”, include species currently placed in Azorella. The “Mulinum clade” is further divided into six subclades, which collectively include 23 of 26 species of Azorella, the monotypic Laretia and all species of Mulinum. Biogeographic reconstructions, conducted using RASP, suggest that the group most likely has an Austral–Antarctic origin, with subantarctic South America as the ancestral area of the ingroup. The “Mulinum clade” and the “Schizeilema clade” appear to have followed opposite dispersal routes out of subantarctic South America either across the Subantarctics into New Zealand and Australia (“Schizeilema clade”), or into Patagonia and then to the upper Andes (“Mulinum clade”).
Ethnobotanical notes from Daniel Rolander's Diarium Surinamicum (1754–1756): Are these plants still used in Suriname today?
Authors: van Andel Tinde , Maas Paul , Dobreff James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe recent English translation of the diary of the Swedish naturalist Daniel Rolander (written 1754–1756) reveals the earliest records on useful plants of Suriname. Since he did not grant Linnaeus access to his specimens, Rolander never received credit for his work, part of his collection was lost, and his diary never published. Here we compare Rolander’s notes with recent ethnobotanical data from the Guianas and discuss how plant use has changed in the past 250 years. All species names in the diary with (potential) uses were updated to their current taxonomic status by using modern and historical literature, digitized Rolander specimens, herbarium collections and online nomenclatural databases. Rolander’s diary lists uses for 263 plant names (228–242 spp.). Major use categories are medicine (109 spp.) and food (107 spp.). About 86% of these species are still used in Suriname today, 54% similarly as in the 1750s. Greatest correspondence was found among cultivated food crops, timber and ornamental species. Living conditions in Suriname have greatly improved since 1755, so much ancient famine food is now forgotten; while then popular fruits have become ‘emergency food’ today. Although ideas about health and illness have changed over the past centuries, uses have remained unchanged for 36% of the medicinal species. Rolander’s diary contains first–hand observations on how plant uses were discovered, and how this knowledge was accumulated, transferred or kept secret in an 18th–century slave society. It represents one of the few historical sources that document the transfer of ethnobotanical knowledge among Amerindians, Europeans and Africans, as well as the trial–and–error process by which the enslaved Africans learned to use a new, American flora.
A generic and tribal synopsis of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
Authors: Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs currently delimited, the Brassicaceae comprise 49 tribes, 321 genera, and 3660 species. Of these, 20 genera and 34 species remain to be assigned to tribes. These figures differ substantially from those estimated five years ago, in which 25 tribes, 338 genera, and 3709 species were recognized. Of those 338 genera, 37 are treated herein as synonyms, and 21 genera (10 re­established and 11 new) have since been added. The genera Notothlaspi, Peltariopsis, Sinapidendron, andXerodraba are lectotypified. The following 11 taxa are reduced for the first time to synonymy of what follows them in parentheses: Boreava and Tauscheria (Isatis), Catadysia (Weberbauera), Coelophragmus (Dryopetalon), Crambeae (Brassiceae), Eremodraba (Neuontobotrys), Leavenworthieae (Cardamineae), Lexarzanthe (Romanschulzia), Noccaeopsis (Noccaea), Romanschulzia orizabae (R. arabiformis), and Sibaropsis (Streptanthus). The new names Isatis zarrei and I. quadrialata are proposed to avoid the creation of later homonyms upon the transfers to Isatis of the herein lectotypified Boreava orientalis and Sameraria nummularia, respectively. Twenty­seven new combinations are proposed: Abdra aprica, Camelinopsis kurdica, Dryopetalon auriculatum, Isatis aptera, I. cardiocarpa, I. glastifolia, I. gymnocarpa, Neuontobotrys intricatissima, N. schulzii, Noccaea apterocarpa, N. caespitosa, N. iberidea, N. oppositifolia, Onuris hauthalii, Parlatoria taurica, Petroravenia friesii, P. werder­mannii, Streptanthus barnebyi, S. cooperi, S. hammittii, Tomostima araboides, T. australis, T. cuneifolia, T. platycarpa, T. rep­tans, T. sonorae, and Weberbauera rosulans.
Systematics, taxonomy and biogeography of three new Asian genera of Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae: An ancient distribution circle around the Asian high mountains
Authors: Koch Marcus A. , Karl Robert , German Dmitry A. , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on extensive molecular studies and critical evaluation of morphology, tribe Arabideae has recently been split into two tribes with the newly introduced tribe Stevenieae sister to the remaining members of tribe Arabideae. Tribe Stevenieae includes 11 species belonging to Pseudoturritis (1 sp.), Macropodium (2 spp.), and Stevenia (8 spp.). Tribe Arabideae includes about 488 species in 17 genera, and its taxonomy is highly affected by the previous para­ and polyphyletic circumscription of Arabis. Here we segregate three morphologically similar but phylogenetically distinct new genera, Scapiarabis, Borodiniopsis, and Sinoarabis from Arabis (tribe Arabideae) and provide keys to the genera of Arabideae as currently delimited and to the four species of Scapiarabis. Four new combinations in Scapiarabis (S. ariana, S. karategina, S. popovii, S. saxícola), one in Borodiniopsis (B. alaschanica), and one in Sinoarabis (S. setosifolia) are proposed. Arabis kamelinii and A. kokanika are reduced to synonymy of Scapiarabis ariana and S. saxicola, respectively. It is shown that Scapiarabis forms a clade with the monotypic genera Botschantzevia, Arcyosperma, Parryodes, and Borodiniopsis. Biogeographically the whole clade forms a circle around the Asian high mountain system, which is interrupted and separated by genetically distinct members of the sister clade that includes Baimashania, Pseudodraba and Sinoarabis. The whole biogeographic scenario predates the Pleistocene, and the genera are of Pliocene origin.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Merianthera (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Goldenberg Renato , de Fraga Claudio N. , Fontana André P. , Nicolas Antoine N. , Michelangeli Fabián A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMerianthera is a genus endemic to rocky outcrops in eastern Brazil, with seven species, four of which are new and described here (M. bullata, M. eburnea, M. parvifolia, M. verrucosa). The genus can be recognized by its caducous leaves, inferior ovaries and dry, rupturing fruits, as well as by the stamens with complex dorsal appendages. Merianthera is monophyletic, and sister to a clade consisting ofDolichoura, Behuria and Huberia (all from tribe Merianieae); together these four genera are sister to Cambessedesia, but not closely related to other genera in tribe Merianieae, such as Meriania and Graffenrieda. Within the genus, there are two distinct clades, the first with two species with thite to pink petals and leaves abaxially covered with a dense indument, both growing on sandstone and endemic to Minas Gerais (M. eburnea, M. sipolisii). The other clade comprises the remaining five species, all with glabrous or glabrescent leaves and purple petals, growing on granitic/gneissic outcrops and endemic to Espirito Santo (M. bullata, M. burlemarxii, M. parvifolia) or occurring in this state and also Minas Gerais (M. verrucosa) or in both plus Bahia (M. pulchra).
New names in Gunnerus's FloraNorvegica, and their typification
Authors: Jørgensen Per M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA study of Flora Norvegica by Johan Ernst Gunnerus revealed that no less than 39 new species names were validly published in the work. Most of them have not previously been effectively typified, though several of the names are in current use. This is done here, except for those of three sponges (animals), four non­lichenized fungi and five mosses (those in the last­named group are pre­starting­point names). The names of two species, those currently known as Carex norvegica Retz. and Rhizocarpon oederi (Weber) Körber, would need to change as a result of this, unless conservation or rejection proposals to preserve these names are accepted.
Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Celosia L. (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe typifications of the names Celosia castrensis L., C. cristata L. and C. margaritacea L. (Amaranthaceae) are discussed. Specimens from the Linnaean and Clifford Herbaria are designated as the lectotypes.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 64
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following eight generic names are recommended for conservation: Brasiliorchis against Bolbidium, Codariocalyx with that spelling, Dehaasia with that spelling, Lepisorus against three generic names (Belvisia, Drymotaenium, Paragramma) but not against Lemmaphyllum and Neocheiropteris, Meiogyne against Fitzalania, Physalis with conserved type, Sobralia with conserved type and Stichorkis with conserved type. The following two generic names are not recommended for conservation: Enicosanthum against Monoon and Isidrogalvia with conserved type. Conservation of Trigonotis against Endogonia was considered to be unnecessary because the Committee recommends that the latter be treated as a homonym of Endogona (see below). The following 14 species names are recommended for conservation: Acrostichum ebeneum with conserved type, Alyssum montanum with conserved type, Amomum villosum with conserved type, Croton arboreus Millsp. against C. arboreus Shecut, Hibiscus simplex with conserved type, Mespilus tomentosa againstM. orientalis, Morinda citrifolia with conserved type, Onychiumjaponicum (Thunb.) Kunze against O. japonicum Blume, Pandanus pervilleanus against P. boucheanus, Pteris arachnoidea against Aspidium brasilianum and P. psittacina, Solidago doronicum with conserved type as amended, Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav. against S. capitata P.J. Bergius, Viola elatior against V. hornemanniana and V. stipulacea, and Zamia integrifolia with conserved type. The following 10 species names are not recommended for conservation: Acalypha alnifolia J.G. Klein ex Willd. against A. alnifolia Poir. and A. capitata, Blechnum hawaiianum against B. norfolkense, Euphrasia kaliformis with conserved type, Filago vulgaris against Gnaphalium germanicum, Gymnadenia rubra against Orchis miniata, Lockhartia oerstedii against Oncidium mirabile, Oreochloa blanka against O. elegans, Senecio gerardi against Inula provincialis, Senecio paucifolius with conserved type, and Viscum serotinum against V. leucarpum. The following 10 species names are recommended for rejection: Corisper­mum orientale, Croton citrifolius, Heptallon simplex, Maxillaria ramosa, Oncidium mirabile, Solanum ferox, Solanum fuscatum, Sophora lupinoides, Viola montana, and Violapersicifolia. One species name, Echinocactus acanthodes, is not recommended for rejection. It is recommended that with respect to names of genera and species E. Delpy’s entire series of illustrations of West African trees be added to the list of suppressed works in Appendix VI. It is recommended that Echinodorus Richard, Podocarpus cunninghamii Colenso, and Primula thearosa Kingdon­Ward be treated as validly published, and that Toulicia eriocarpa Radlk. be treated as not validly published. As noted above, it is recommended that Endogonia (Turcz.) Lindl. and Endogona Raf. be treated as homonyms. After two ballots, no vote of at least 11 either for or against a proposal to superconserve Melianthaceae against Francoaceae has been obtained.
Molecular and morphological analysis of subfamily Alooideae (Asphodelaceae) and the inclusion ofChortolirioninAloe
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , Manning John C. , Boatwright James S. , Maurin Olivier , Maclean Norman , Schaefer Hanno , Kuzmina Maria , van der Bank Michelle 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAsphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae (Asparagales) currently comprises five genera, four of which are endemic to southern Africa. Despite their importance in commercial horticulture the evolutionary relationships among the genera are still incompletely understood. This study examines phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily using an expanded molecular sequence dataset from three plastid regions (matK, rbcLa, trnH–psbA) and the first subunit of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1). Sequence data were analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian statistics, and selected morphological traits were mapped onto the molecular phylogeny. Haworthia is confirmed as being polyphyletic, comprising three main clades that largely correlate with current subgeneric circumscriptions. Astroloba and Gasteria are evidently each monophyletic and sister respectively to Astroloba and H. subg. Robustipedunculares. Chortolirion is shown to be deeply nested within Aloe and is formally included in that genus. Aloe itself is clearly polyphyletic, with the dwarf species A. aristata allied to Haworthia subg. Robustipedunculares. The taxonomic implications of these findings are examined but branch support at critical lower nodes is insufficient at this stage to justify implementing major taxonomic changes.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi 19: Official repositories for fungal names
Authors: Redhead Scott A. , Norvell Lorelei L. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Committee supports recognition of multiple official repositories over a single repository, and accepted three: Fungal Names, Index Fungorum, and MycoBank starting 1 January 2013, noting that parties representing the three have signed a Memorandum of Cooperation that expires immediately following the next International Botanical Congress in 2017. The effectiveness of this arrangement will be evaluated and reviewed by 2014 when the International Mycological Congress must ratify the NCF recommendations.