bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Elhenawy Yasmine Ibrahim , Thabet Rasha Adel , Fereig Yasmeen AbdelAziz , Hegazy Marwa G A , El-Morsy Shymaa Ayed Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves multiple factors, and the exact mechanisms remain uncertain. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the oxidant/ antioxidant status among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes(T1D) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study including 100 patients with T1D; equally divided into 2 groups according to urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER). Both groups of T1D were compared with age and gender matched healthy controls. To assess oxidant/ antioxidant status, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed using colorimetric method.

Results
The MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with DN (9.24 nmol/ml) compared with patients with normoalbuminuria (1.99 nmol/ml) and healthy controls (0.78 nmol/ml) (P &lt; 0.001). Unlike MDA, TAC levels were significantly lower in patients with T1D compared to healthy subjects. Among participants with T1D, TAC levels were significantly higher among patients with DN (P &lt; 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between MDA and TAC levels (r=-0.655, P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was elicited between MDA and both HbA1C (r = 0.5, P &lt; 0.001) and UAER (r = 0.7, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
T1D is associated with heightened levels of oxidative stress compared to those without the condition, with higher level of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in DN. This suggests that oxidative stress could potentially serve as a significant factor in the development DN.
Effect of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hassanein Sahar M A , Saleh Hala A , Bassiouny Samia E , Shata Mennatallah O , Swilem Dina A N , Mohamed Shymaa I A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neuromotor disorder causing physical and developmental disability varying in severity but with common developmental features. Dysphagia is a common comorbidity, it compromises airway safety during swallowing, efficiency, or adequacy of nutritional intake. Untreated dysphagia can lead to achalasia, aspiration, dehydration, malnutrition and pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality of life among children with CP and co-morbid dysphagia. Patient and method: This was a cross sectional study included pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and dysphagia who attended children's hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Between January 2020 to 0ctober 2023.

Inclusion Criteria
Children with cerebral palsy associated with oromotor dysfunction and Mild to moderate dysphagia according to ASHA scale. Exclusion criteria: patients with congenital anomalies of other systems (respiratory, cardiac systems). All patients were subjected to full medical history, and assessment of cerebral palsy severity using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Oropharyngeal examination: oral structures and functions, drooling, presence of abnormal reflexes, oral preparatory phase, oral phase, feeding intervention assessment according to functional oral intake scale (FOIS), assessment of dysphagia severity by The American Speech, Language and Hearing Association (ASHA`s) Scale. Standard CP quality of life questionnaire and adult carer QoL questionnaire, (Generic version III-Arabic language copy).

Results
Twenty-two CP children with dysphagia included 6 females (27.3%) and 16 males (72.7%). Their age was 33.90±12.63 months, their weight 10.18±2.14 kg, all children were with oropharyngeal dysphagia of ASHA score 4), 11children with FOIS 5 and 11was of 4 FOIS score. GMFCS 12 children had GMFCS score 5 and 10 had 4 GMFCS score. The quality of life of CP children with dysphagia is low due to disability and nutritional deficiency. The way they get along with people generally, with caregivers, with brothers and sisters, other children, children ability to play with toys, with other children was defective, and how they were accepted by others was poor. Their ability to participate in recreational activities, in sporting activities, in social events and in their communities, they had low score in communication. The caregivers were worried about their children's future, and their opportunities in life.

Conclusion
The quality of life is poor in families having children with cerebral palsy and co-morbid dysphagia and oromotor dysfunction.
Chronic Restraint Stress Induced Ovarian Dysfunction in Wistar Rats
Authors: Helal Nourhan Hosni Othman , Ali Gaber Abd El Sabour , Soliman El Bakly Wesam Mostafa , El Ezz Sally Abdallah Abu , Abdalla Hendawy Nevien Fekry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic stress has become a common problem that cannot be ignored and has become an important risk factor for the onset of many diseases. Responses to chronic stress are systemic reactions involving multiple organs and can induce symptoms such as depression, impaired reproductive ability, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunctions, bone loss, and reduced life expectancy.

Aim
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic restraint stress on the ovarian function on female wistar rats, further to demonstrate its relation to hormonal disturbance on reproductive hormones.

Methods
24 female wistar rats were divided into 2 groups as Control group and Chronic restraint stress (CRS) subjected group (done by restraining rats for 3 hours daily for 4 weeks). Body weight, forced swimming test and ovarian hormones levels follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), Anti mulleurian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) were investigated.

Results
Chronic restraint stress decreased body weight significantly starting from week 3, and increased immobility time and decreased struggling time as observed in forced swimming test compared to control group. Additionally, significantly increased FSH and LH levels and decreased AMH and Estradiol levels in CRS group.

Conclusion
chronic restraint stress can induce ovarian changes similar to ovarian failure. which could be indicated by changes in hormonal levels as, elevated FSH and LH and decrease AMH and E2 levels in females.
Non Contrast MRA and Ankle Peak Systolic Velocity for Assessment of Lower Limb Arterial Disease in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shaheen Esraa , Shalaby Menatallah , Foda Haitham , Nabil Sameh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Noninvasive techniques such as duplex ultrasound (DU) and non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) are valid alternatives in the preoperative evaluation of lower limb ischemia diabetic patients.

AIM OF THE Study
Our aim is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of NCE-MRA and DU in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and either if we can depend on NCE-MRA in patients with renal impairment.

THE CONTEXT
53 diabetic patients with unilateral or bilateral chronic lower limb ischemic disease - who have come to the department of radiology at Kafr El Sheik University Hospital for Doppler US. Out of the 53 patients 4 had intermittent claudication when walking more than 200 m (Rutherford II), 9 had sever claudication when walking more than 200 m (Rutherford stage III), 10 had rest pain (Rutherford stage IV), 11 had trophic changes (Rutherford stage V), ulcers and 19 has gangrene and major tissue loss (Rutherford stage VI)

RESULT
The study involved 53 patients, 28 men (52.8 %) and 25women (47.2 %). They were between 33 and 75.0 years with mean 59.56 years and standard deviation ±10.3. There was 26 patients chronic smokers 49.1%, 16 had renal failure 30.2 %, 30 had hypertension 56.6%. There was a good reliability and agreement between NCMRA & Doppler techniques with significant Kappa agreement in all measurements K = 0.91 P value was significant &lt;0.001.

Conclusion
Both Non contrast enhanced angiography and duplex US have good predictive value of chronic lower limb ischemia but the combination between them has better diagnostic accuracy and we can depend on them in the patient with chronic renal disease.
The Role of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging as a Substitute to Post-Contrast Tl-Weighted Images in Detection of Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Authors: Darwish Eman Ahmed Fouad , El-Sayed Fatma Rashad Ali , Teiba Mohamed Kamal Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background And Purpose
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its inflammatory process is thought to be initiated and maintained by an autoimmune cascade, leading to the accumulation of focal perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells, microglia activation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Acute inflammatory activity of MS lesions is traditionally assessed through contrast-enhanced Tl- weighted MR images. Yet, the use of contrast is contraindicated in some patients. However, SWI may represent a viable alternative to contrast agents for this purpose.

Aim
The aim of this study is to determine whether a qualitative evaluation of SWI can be used to distinguish active and inactive MS lesions and whether it could be considered as a feasible alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents for fulfilling this objective.

Materials And Methods
our study was carried out on 76 Adult patients of either sex with a known diagnosis of MS based on the 2010 revision of the McDonald criteria. SWI &post contrast Tl weighted imaging were recorded and compared.

Results
The presence of hypointense rings or marked hypointensity showed a strong association with the absence of gadolinium enhancement (P, .001), with a sensitivity of 93.0% and a specificity of 82.9%. The presence of mild hypointensity or isohyperintensity showed a strong association with the presence of gadolinium enhancement (P, .001), with a sensitivity of 68.3% and a specificity of 99.2%.

Conclusions
A qualitative analysis of the signal pattern on SWI of T2-hyperintense MS lesions allows determining the likelihood that the lesions will enhance after administration of a gadolinium contrast agent, with high specificity albeit with a moderate sensitivity. While it cannot substitute for the use of contrast agent, it can be useful in some clinical settings in which the contrast agent cannot be administered.
Long Term Efficacy of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in Oncology Patients with Non Feasible or Complicated Port A Cath
Authors: Abd El Hameed Haitham Mohamed , Elmaaty Mohamed Elgharib Abo , Taha Noha Mohamed , Soliman Ahmed Hassan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is a safe and efficient method of long-term intravenous access, particularly in oncology patients. They are inserted via a non surgical procedure by interventional radiologists in the radiology suite. They offer advantages over other central venous access methods due to their less invasive insertion and avoidance of surgical implantation.

Methods
one-arm clinical trial, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in oncology patients where port-a-cath was not feasible or complicated. This trial assessed their patency and complications in 20 patients for 1 and 3-month

Results
18 patients maintained patency throughout the study, while occlusion occurred in one patient after a month and another after three months. Complications encompassed infection of insertion site, pain, catheter-related deep vein thrombosis, catheter damage. Revealed that 35% of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters encountered complications, prompting removal in some instances. However, 65% of them were removed without complications after completing their treatment regimens.

Conclusion
the insertion of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter was mostly successful, displaying a favorable maintenance rate. Patients expressed enhanced comfort with parenteral access following Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter insertion. Considering the unique circumstances of terminally ill cancer patients, who often have compromised general health and limited life expectancy, Peripherally Inserted Central Catheteremerges as a secure and effective intravenous access method.
Resistive Index as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Elshahat Hamsa , Mohamed Marwa Sayed , Eissa Ahmed Hanan Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Contrast induced Acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common and serious complication of contrast agents used in imaging studies, and is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. Clinical markers useful for early detection of CI-AKI and prediction of outcome are needed in order to speed diagnosis and implementation of measures to preserve renal function. In septic shock, postoperative setting of cardiac surgery and TAVI subjects, an increased Doppler renal resistive index (RRI) is a predictor of AKI. This study aims to test the hypothesis that Doppler-based renal resistive index would similarly predict contrast induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Methods
We enrolled 100 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and at risk of CI-AKI. All presented with at least two CI- AKI risk factors and were free of other identifiable causes of acute kidney injury or arrhythmia. Doppler RRI was measured before and at first day after catheterization. CI-AKI was assessed, defined by serum creatinine increase 25% above the pre- procedural baseline or rise in serum creatinine of &gt; 0.5 mg/dl from baseline value or a &gt; 25% decrease in eGFR within 5 days after cardiac catheterization.

Results
Nineteen subjects developed CI- AKI in the first five days post-procedure, with two requiring dialysis. Post procedural RRI value was higher in CI-AKI subjects [RRI: 0.77±0.02 with CI- AKI vs 0.67±0.03 without CI-AKI, (P &lt; 0.001)]. In addition, the RRI increased significantly in the first day after the procedure [from RRI 0.7±0.38 preprocedural to 0.77±0.02 in patients developing CI-AKI (p &lt; 0.001)]. Post procedural RRI &gt;0.744 predicted CI- AKI with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 92%.

Conclusions
Measurement of the Doppler-based RRI early post-catheterization in high risk patients enabled early prediction of contrast induced acute kidney injury.
Evaluation of an AI-Driven Deep Learning Model in Predicting Mammographic Breast Density
Authors: Tawfik El Khamy Israa Reda Hashem , Tantawy Salma Hassan , Keriakos Nermeen Nasry Halim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Increased mammographic breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Given the high workload of mammography screening programs, Mounting attention is being directed at establishing and fine- tunning AI algorithms capable of improving the performance of human readers.

Aim of the Work
To emphasize the role of AI-driven deep learning algorithms in accurate prediction of breast density on digital mammograms.

Patients and Methods
The study was performed on 62 digital mammography films of women undergoing breast cancer screening. Mammograms were assessed by three human readers of different levels of experience in comparison to a commercially available AI algorithm (Lunit INSIGHT MMG, version 1.1.7.2; Lunit Inc).

Results
This clinical investigation demonstrated that AI softwares (namely LUNIT INSIGHT in our study) can predict mammographic breast density with about 67.7%, 69.4 % and 75.81 % accuracy for HR1(least experienced), HR2 and HR3 (most experienced) respectively, and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) 0.887, 0.892 and 0.906 for HR1(least experienced), HR2 and HR3 (most experienced) respectively. This result offers a robust way to overcome the variability of human visual assessment and improve the overall performance of less experienced radiologists allowing them to reach expert like levels.

Conclusion
Application of AI softwares on screening mammograms can overcome the variability of human visual assessment and improve the overall performance of less experienced radiologists allowing them to reach expert like levels.
Comparison between Carotid Artery Doppler Ultrasound and Coronary Calcium Score as Predictors of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Osman Ahmed Mohamed , Haiba Mohamed Mohamed Ali Kelany 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular illnesses are the leading cause of mortality in the industrialized western world, and they will most likely be the leading cause of death worldwide in the near future.

Objective
To compare the capability of carotid artery Doppler US and CCS to predict the presence of significant CAD in patients without known cardiovascular disease.

Methods
This prospective cross sectional study was carried out at Ain Shams University Hospital-Radiology Department within a period of six months on 40 patients the mean age was 48.28 (32-60) with 80% (32) males and only 8 (20%) females.

Results
HTN and hypercholesterolemia were the commonest morbidities among the patients under study. The most frequent indication for CT angiography was doubtful provocative test in asymptomatic patient (40%). Of the included patients, the percent for presence of carotid artery disease was 30 % with no significant difference (p-value &gt; 0.05) in correlation to demographic data, risk factors and CTCA indications among the studied patients. Presence of carotid artery disease in correlation to IMT, plaque mass, plaque volume among the studied patients revealed highly significant (P-value &lt; 0.01) and there was significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.05) in correlation to CACS and presence of coronary artery disease among the studied patients. Of the included patients, the percent of coronary artery disease was 42.5% with significant difference (p- value &lt; 0.05) in correlation to smoking as a risk factor, yet no significant difference (p-value &gt; 0.05) in correlation to CTCA indications, demographic data, other risk factors among the studied patients. Presence of coronary artery disease in correlation to CACS, plaque mass and plaque volume among the studied patients revealed highly significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.01) and there was significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.05) in correlation to carotid IMT and presence of carotid artery disease among the studied patients.

Conclusion
Within a period of six months on 40 patients included in our sample, there was a highly significant correlation between diagnosis of coronary artery disease and CACS, plaque mass besides plaque volume and there was a significant correlation with carotid IMT. Also there was a highly significant correlation between diagnosis of carotid artery disease and IMT, plaque mass besides plaque volume and there was a significant correlation with CACS.
The Added Value of T2 Mapping in Assessment of Chondromalacia Patellae and Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis in Patients with Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Saeed Omer Saeed Abbas , Ali Rahma Farghaly , Sakr Hossam Moussa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cartilage mapping using Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 is a functional non- invasive scanning procedure delivering cartography of the cartilage T2 relaxation time without using any contrast. It is tissue anisotropy sensitive, and compositional data on the collagen network of cartilage, content of water and concentration of proteoglycans are provided by it.

Aim of the Work
there is limited studies for evaluation the T2 mapping role in detection of chondromalacia and osteoarthritis in knee pain patients, therefore the aim of this work is to evaluate the additional value of T2 mapping overusing a baseline standard knee MRI to detect patellofemoral cartilage lesions including chondromalacia patella and knee osteoarthritis in patients presented with anterior knee pain.

Patients and Methods
This Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospital, Radio diagnosis department on 35 patients with anterior knee pain for at least 6 months.

Results
Among the study population 27 (77.1 %) of patients were diagnosed with OA by conventional MRI & T2 mapping with accuracy 85.7%, while only 13 (37.1%) of patients were diagnosed with chondromalacia by MRI & T2 mapping with accuracy 74.3%. In the comparison between conventional MRI & MRI T2 mapping to detect OA & chondromalacia lesions the sensitivity and specificity for OA 84.4% & 100%, while it was 59.1% & 100% for chondromalacia respectively.

Conclusion
T2 mapping may offer added value in the assessment of knee joint conditions such as OA and chondromalacia, with higher sensitivity and accuracy rates compared to conventional MRI. T2 mapping may be particularly useful in detecting early degenerative changes in the knee joint, which may allow for earlier intervention and management of these conditions.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Elsady Samer Ali Elshishtawy , Eldin Abdelmotalib Mohamed Gamal , Abdelhafez Essam Mohamed , Shimy Rehab Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, ranking first in the worldwide incidence of malignant tumors. The early diagnosis, accurate staging and early treatment of rectal cancer are key to improve the five-year survival rate. Rectal MRI plays a crucial role in evaluating rectal cancer by providing multiple prognostic findings and imaging features that guide proper patient management.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the performance of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for the detection of lymph nodes and for differentiating between benign and metastatic nodes during primary rectal cancer staging.

Patients and Methods
the study was carried out at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Radiodiagnosis Department on 35 patients, 29 patients were histopathologically proven rectal carcinoma underwent surgical resection and 6 cases were potentially free of cancer considered as control.

Results
We found that the size of metastatic lymph nodes on DWI was significantly larger than that of non-metastatic lymph nodes (0.97± 0.37 vs. 0.4± 0.17 cm), most of malignant nodes had rounded shape (55.6 %) vs. oval shaped (70.6%) in benign nodes and almost all of metastatic lymph nodes had irregular margin (97.2%) while all benign nodes appeared having smooth margin. The mean ADC value was significantly lower for metastatic lymph nodes than non-metastatic lymph nodes (1.21± 0.54 vs. 1.51± 0.51 x 103 mm²/sec). In addition, for evaluation of lymph node metastasis that reflects the primary tumor characteristics, the LN/T ratio (defined as the ratio of lymph node ADC value to the primary tumor ADC value) was calculated. It was significantly lower for metastatic lymph nodes than non-metastatic lymph nodes (1.06± 0.37 vs. 1.65± 0.73). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best performing cutoffs were 0.5 cm for lymph node size, 0.987 x 103 mm²/ sec for ADC value, and 0.762 for LN/T ratio. Accuracy was significantly greater for lymph nodes with irregular margin (92.3%), than LN/T ratio (78.5%) than for lymph node size (62.0%) or ADC value (74.8%).

Conclusion
Preoperative DWI, especially the margin of lymph nodes as well as LN/T ADC ratio, are recommended for evaluation of lymph node metastasis in patient with rectal cancer.