bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A six-inhibitor culture medium for improving naïve-type pluripotency of porcine pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yuan Ye , Park Jinkyu , Tian Yuchen , Choi Jungmin , Pasquariello Rolando , Alexenko Andrei P. , Dai Aihua , Behura Susanta K. , Roberts R. Michael , Ezashi Toshihiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding essential signaling network requirements and making appropriate adjustments in culture conditions are crucial if porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are to achieve their full potential. Here, we first used two protein factors (LIF and FGF2) and kinase inhibitor combinations in attempts to convert primed type lentiviral-reprogrammed porcine induced PSC (Lv-piPSC) into naïve-like state and developed a medium called FL6i. In addition to FGF2 and LIF, this medium contained inhibitors of MAPK14, MAPK8, TGFB1, MAP2K1, GSK3A and BMP. Crucially, the usual TGFB1 and BMP4 protein components of many stem cell media were replaced in FL6i with inhibitors of TGFB1 and BMP. With this medium, Lv-piPSC were readily transformed from their original primed state into cells that formed colonies with typical features of naïve-state stem cells. The FL6i medium also assisted generation of naïve-type piPSC lines from porcine embryonic fibroblasts with non-integrating episomal plasmids (Epi-piPSC). These lines, despite retaining variable amounts of vector DNA, expressed higher endogenous pPOU5F1 and pSOX2 than Lv-piPSC. They have been cultured without obvious morphological change for >45 passages and retained pluripotent phenotypes in terms of upregulation of genes associated with pluripotency, low expression of genes linked to emergence of somatic cell lineages, and ability to generate well differentiated teratomas in immune-compromised mice. FL6i conditions, therefore, appear to support elevated pluripotent phenotypes. However, FL6i was less able to support the generation of embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts. Although colonies with dome-shaped morphologies were evident and the cells had some gene expression features linked to pluripotency, the phenotypes were ultimately not stable. Pathway analysis derived from RNAseq data performed on the various cell lines generated in this study suggest the benefits of employing the FL6i medium on porcine cells reside in its ability to minimize TGFB1 and BMP signaling, which would otherwise de-stabilize the stem cell state.
Disentangling charge carrier from photothermal effects in plasmonic metal nanostructures
Authors: Zhan Chao , Liu Bo-Wen , Huang Yi-Fan , Hu Shu , Ren Bin , Moskovits Martin , Tian Zhong-Qun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs) constitute a vibrant research field, advancing such goals as using sunlight to convert abundant precursors such as CO2 and water to useful fuels and chemicals. A key question in this burgeoning field which has not, as yet, been fully resolved, relates to the precise mechanism through which the energy absorbed through plasmonic excitation, ultimately drives such reactions. Among the multiple processes proposed, two have risen to the forefront: plasmon-increased temperature and generation of energetic charge carriers. However, it is still a great challenge to confidently separate these two effects and quantify their relative contribution to chemical reactions. Here, we describe a strategy based on the construction of a plasmonic electrode coupled with photoelectrochemistry, to quantitatively disentangle increased temperature from energetic charge carriers effects. A clear separation of the two effects facilitates the rational design of plasmonic nanostructures for efficient photochemical applications and solar energy utilization.
Tunable spinful matter wave valve
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jun , Yu Dongyang , Zhuang Lin , Gao Xianlong , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigate the transport problem that a spinful matter wave is incident on a strong localized spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in optical lattices, where the localization is admitted by atom interaction only existing at one particular site, and the spin-orbit coupling arouse spatial rotation of the spin texture. We find that tuning the spin orientation of the localized Bose-Einstein condensate can lead to spin-nonreciprocal/spin-reciprocal transport, meaning the transport properties are dependent on/independent of the spin orientation of incident waves. In the former case, we obtain the conditions to achieve transparency, beam-splitting, and blockade of the incident wave with a given spin orientation, and furthermore the ones to perfectly isolate incident waves of different spin orientation, while in the latter, we obtain the condition to maximize the conversion of different spin states. The result may be useful to develop a novel spinful matter wave valve that integrates spin switcher, beam-splitter, isolator, and converter. The method can also be applied to other real systems, e.g., realizing perfect isolation of spin states in magnetism, which is otherwise rather difficult.
Tipping phenomena in typical dynamical systems subjected to parameter drift
Authors: Kaszás Bálint , Feudel Ulrike , Tél Tamás 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTipping phenomena, i.e. dramatic changes in the possible long-term performance of deterministic systems subjected to parameter drift, are of current interest but have not yet been explored in cases with chaotic internal dynamics. Based on the example of a paradigmatic low-dimensional dissipative system subjected to different scenarios of parameter drifts of non-negligible rates, we show that a number of novel types of tippings can be observed due to the topological complexity underlying general systems. Tippings from and into several coexisting attractors are possible, and one can find fractality-induced tipping, the consequence of the fractality of the scenario-dependent basins of attractions, as well as tipping into a chaotic attractor. Tipping from or through an extended chaotic attractor might lead to random tipping into coexisting regular attractors, and rate-induced tippings appear not abruptly as phase transitions, rather they show up gradually when the rate of the parameter drift is increased. Since chaotic systems of arbitrary time-dependence call for ensemble methods, we argue for a probabilistic approach and propose the use of tipping probabilities as a measure of tipping. We numerically determine these quantities and their parameter dependence for all tipping forms discussed.
New insights of low-temperature plasma effects on germination of three genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds under osmotic and saline stresses
Authors: Bafoil Maxime , Le Ru Aurélie , Merbahi Nofel , Eichwald Olivier , Dunand Christophe , Yousfi Mohammed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of low temperature plasmas on germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, a dielectric barrier discharge device generating the plasma in ambient air was used. To highlight the different plasma effects on the seed surface, saline and osmotic stresses were considered in the case of reference Col-0 seeds and two further seed coat mutants gl2 and gpat5 to better analyse the seed surface changes and their consequences on germination. The GL2 gene encode a transcription factor controlling the balance between the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the embryo and the production of mucilage and flavonoid pigments in the seed coat. The GPAT5 gene encode for an acyltransferase necessary for the accumulation of suberin in the seed coat which is essential for the embryo protection. The testa and endosperm ruptures are identified to note the germination stage. An increasing of germination rate, possibly due to the modification of mantle layers structure, is observed in most of cases, even in presence of saline or osmotic stress, after plasma treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the germination rate of the gl2 mutant seeds is increased by at most 47% after plasma treatment, contrariwise, the germination of gpat5 mutant being initially lower is inhibited by the same plasma treatment. The scanning electron microscopy pictures and confocal microscopy fluorescence both showed changes of the exterior aspects of the seeds after plasma treatment. Considering these results, we assumed that lipid compounds can be found on the surface. To validate this hypothesis, permeability tests were performed, and it was clearly shown that a permeability decrease is induced by the low temperature plasma treatment.
Photoacoustics can image spreading depolarization deep in gyrencephalic brain
Authors: Kirchner Thomas , Gröhl Janek , Herrera Mildred A. , Adler Tim , Hernández-Aguilera Adrián , Santos Edgar , Maier-Hein Lena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpreading depolarization (SD) is a self-propagating wave of near-complete neuronal depolarization that is abundant in a wide range of neurological conditions, including stroke. SD was only recently documented in humans and is now considered a therapeutic target for brain injury, but the mechanisms related to SD in complex brains are not well understood. While there are numerous approaches to interventional imaging of SD on the exposed brain surface, measuring SD deep in brain is so far only possible with low spatiotemporal resolution and poor contrast. Here, we show that photoacoustic imaging enables the study of SD and its hemodynamics deep in the gyrencephalic brain with high spatiotemporal resolution. As rapid neuronal depolarization causes tissue hypoxia, we achieve this by continuously estimating blood oxygenation with an intraoperative hybrid photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging system. Due to its high resolution, promising imaging depth and high contrast, this novel approach to SD imaging can yield new insights into SD and thereby lead to advances in stroke, and brain injury research.
Optimization and control of the light environment for greenhouse crop production
Authors: Xin Pingping , Li Bin , Zhang Haihui , Hu Jin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptimization and control of the greenhouse light environment is key to increasing crop yield and quality. However, the light saturation point impacts the efficient use of light. Therefore, the dynamic acquisition of the light saturation point that is influenced by changes in temperature and CO2 concentration is an important challenge for the development of greenhouse light environment control system. In view of this challenge, this paper describes a light environment optimization and control model based on a crop growth model for predicting cucumber photosynthesis. The photosynthetic rate values for different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), CO2 concentration, and temperature conditions provided to cucumber seedlings were obtained by using an LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system during multi-factorial experiments. Based on the measured data, photosynthetic rate predictions were determined. Next, a support vector machine(SVM) photosynthetic rate prediction model was used to obtain the light response curve under other temperatures and CO2 conditions. The light saturation point was used to establish the light environment optimization and control model and to perform model validation. The slope of the fitting straight line comparing the measured and predicted light saturation point was 0.99, the intercept was 23.46 and the coefficient of determination was 0.98. The light control model was able to perform dynamic acquisition of the light saturation point and provide a theoretical basis for the efficient and accurate control of the greenhouse light environment.
Inhibitions of HMGB1 and TLR4 alleviate DINP-induced asthma in mice
Authors: Hwang Yun-Ho , Lee Yongjin , Paik Man-Jeong , Yee Sung-Tae 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We studied the effects of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor (TLR4) in diisonoyl phthalate (DINP)-induced asthma. Mice with DINP-induced asthma were treated with a TLR4-signaling inhibitor or anti-HMGB1 antibody, and various markers of asthma were measured 24 h later. DINP increased airway hyperresponsiveness, numbers of cells in BALF, numbers of inflammatory cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils) in blood, mucus production, pulmonary fibrosis, Th2 type cytokine levels in BALF, and lung cell apoptosis. On the other hand, administrations of TLR4-signaling inhibitors (TAK-242) or anti-HMGB1 antibodies to a mouse model of DINP-induced asthma reduced biological markers of asthma. These results show TLR4 and HMGB1 both contribute to DINP-induced asthma, and that the inhibitions of TLR4 or HMGB1 offer potential means of treating asthma induced by phthalates like DINP.
Revisiting hypoxia therapies for tuberculosis
Authors: Oehlers Stefan H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The spectre of the coming post-antibiotic age demands novel therapies for infectious diseases. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the single deadliest infection throughout human history. M. tuberculosis has acquired antibiotic resistance at an alarming rate with some strains reported as being totally drug resistant. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) attempt to overcome the evolution of antibiotic resistance by targeting relatively immutable host processes. Here, I hypothesise the induction of hypoxia via anti-angiogenic therapy will be an efficacious HDT against TB. I argue that anti-angiogenic therapy is a modernisation of industrial revolution era sanatoria treatment for TB, and present a view of the TB granuloma as a ‘bacterial tumour’ that can be treated with anti-angiogenic therapies to reduce bacterial burden and spare host immunopathology. I suggest two complementary modes of action, induction of bacterial dormancy and activation of host hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-mediated immunity, and define the experimental tools necessary to test this hypothesis.
Meson decay studies from MAMI A2
Authors: Heijkenskjöld Lena 
Published: June 2019

Decays of the light mesons π0, η, ω, and η’ provide a unique laboratory to test fundamental aspects of hadron physics. Precision studies of such diverse topics as the light quark mass ratio, π−π scattering lengths, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model are possible. Additionally, Dalitz decays of light mesons provide a way of measuring the electromagnetic meson transition formfactors in the time-like region.
The A2 tagged photon facility at the Mainz Microtron provides a high yield of light mesons produced by photo-induced reactions on protons, which makes the experiment ideal for high precision measurements of meson decays. Presented here are the contributions made by the A2 collaboration to such studies.
Search for dark forces at KLOE-2
Authors: Perez del Rio Elena 
Published: June 2019

During the last years several Dark Sector Models have been proposed in order to address striking and puzzling astrophysical observations which fail standard interpretations.
In the minimal case a new vector particle, the so called dark photon or U-boson, is introduced, with small coupling with Standard Model particles. Also, the existence of a dark Higgs boson h’ is postulated, in analogy with the Standard Model, to give mass to the U-boson through the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking mechanism. The discovery of such a Dark Force Mediator would belong to a new field of Physics Beyond the Standard Model.
The KLOE experiment, working on the DAΦNE e+e− collider in Frascati, searched for the existence of the U-boson in a quite complete way, investigating several diﬀerent processes and final states. Tight limits on the model parameters have been set at 90%CL. Further improvements are expected in terms of sensitivity and discovery potential with the new KLOE-2 detector working on the improved DAΦNE e+e− collider, which has collected more than 5 fb−1.
Recent results on Kaon Physics at KLOE-2
Authors: Di Cicco Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

KLOE-2 extends the physics program of the forerunner KLOE experiment, especially in the field of discrete symmetries tests with neutral kaons. KLOE and KLOE-2 have collected together the largest sample of electron-positron collisions at an energy equal to the φ-meson mass, corresponding to about 2.4×1010 produced φ mesons.
The latest results on neutral kaon physics at KLOE will be reviewed, together with the status and prospects of the analyses of KLOE-2 data. A new measurement of the charge asymmetry in KS semileptonic decays with 1.7 fb−1 of KLOE data, which improves the sensitivity of previous measurements of about a factor two, will be presented. Furthermore, the status of the analysis devoted to directly test T and CPT symmetries in neutral kaons transitions, as well as the search of the pure CP-violating KS → 3π0 decay using part of the recently acquired KLOE-2 dataset, will be presented.
Deutsche Übersetzung und sprachliche Validierung des multidimensionalen Dyspnoe-Profils (MDP)
Authors: Stump A. , Schröder M. , Domanski U. , Franke K.-J. , Nilius G. 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Luftnot ist als subjektive Wahrnehmung von Atembeschwerden charakterisiert. Dazu gehören verschiedene sensorische Qualitäten mit unterschiedlichen Intensitäten. Die Erfassung der verschiedenen Qualitäten und Quantifizierung gestaltet sich sehr schwierig. Bislang ist in deutscher Sprache kein validiertes Instrument zur multidimensionalen Erfassung von Luftnot verfügbar. Das Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) wurde 2015 von Banzett et al. entwickelt, um dieser Vielschichtigkeit gerecht zu werden und diese erkrankungsübergreifend sowie zeit- oder situationsspezifisch zu erfassen.
Methodik In dieser Arbeit stellen wir die deutsche Übersetzung des MDP vor. Das Mapi Research Trust hat die deutsche Version anhand international anerkannter Richtlinien zur interkulturellen Adaption von Patientenfragebögen erzeugt. Dies beinhaltete auch eine sprachliche Validierung an betroffenen Patienten.
Ergebnisse Das Instrument misst die Intensität der allgemein durch Luftnot hervorgerufenen Unannehmlichkeit. Es prüft das Vorhandensein von 5 sensorischen, Luftnot beschreibenden Qualitäten und misst deren jeweilige Intensität. Zusätzlich wird die Intensität von 5 möglichen emotionalen Reaktionen erfasst. Die Datenerhebung erfolgt zeit- oder situationsspezifisch.
Schlussfolgerung Die Autoren stellen den Fragebogen in englischer Sprache zur freien Verfügung. Auch der deutsche Fragebogen steht zur akademischen Nutzung frei zur Verfügung und ist im klinischen Alltag und in der Forschung nutzbar. Ein Vergleich mit internationalen Studien wird möglich.
„Myocardial injury“ und Myokardinfarkt – Konsequenzen für die Klinik im Kontext aktueller Leitlinien
Authors: Wild Johannes , Wenzel Philip 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungIm 2018 veröffentlichten Konsensus-Papier „Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction“ der Europäischen und der Amerikanischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC/ACC) erfolgte eine detaillierte Unterscheidung zwischen „Myocardial injury“ und Myokardinfarkt. Für die Diagnose der „Myocardial injury“ sind hierbei allein erhöhte Troponinwerte erforderlich. Zeigen sich neben der laborchemisch messbaren Myokardschädigung auch klinische Zeichen der Ischämie, ergibt sich die Diagnose Myokardinfarkt. Eine „Myocardial injury“ kann durch eine Vielzahl an kardialen und extrakardialen Erkrankungen verursacht werden und übertrifft sogar den Myokardinfarkt, was die Mortalität betrifft. Gerade durch die Heterogenität der Ursachen stellt die „Myocardial injury“ im klinischen Alltag eine besondere Herausforderung dar.
Biochemische Marker der Myokardschädigung bei ischämischer versus nicht ischämischer Ätiologie
Authors: Magnussen Christina , Schnabel Renate B. 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBiomarker sind objektiv gemessene Indikatoren physiologischer oder pathologischer biologischer Prozesse, die möglichst sensitiv, spezifisch, reproduzierbar und kosteneffektiv bestimmt werden sollten. Sie werden als Antwort auf akute myokardiale Ischämie, chronischen myokardialen Stress, Inflammation oder strukturelle Umbauprozesse freigesetzt. Die wichtigsten Biomarker in der klinischen Routine sind (hochsensitive) Troponine (akute Myokardischämie) und natriuretische Peptide (Druck-/Volumenbelastung). Strukturelle Marker (Fibrose/Remodeling) werden noch nicht routinemäßig eingesetzt.
Therapeutisches Fasten
Authors: Chiappa Andrea Ciro 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas moderne Heilfasten als therapeutische Methode geht auf Otto Buchinger zurück.
Nahrungsverzicht aus religiösen oder gesundheitlichen Gründen ist jedoch eine
uralte Praxis. Während Buchinger sein Wissen in Selbstversuchen und aus
Beobachtungen gesammelt hat, gibt es heute zahlreiche medizinische Studien, die
klare Empfehlungen ebenso wie Kontraindikationen möglich machen.
Standardized Weaning from Temporary Extracorporeal Life Support in Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Thomas Marie , Kreibich Maximilian , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Benk Christoph , Maier Sven , Trummer Georg 
Published: June 2019

Objectives Separation from extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is often based on individual decisions rather than evaluated standard operating procedures (SOPs). Therefore, we strived to evaluate a SOP, summarizing specific treatment paths for this group of patients.
Methods A total of 107 cardiovascular patients were supported with ECLS within a 4-year period. Fifty-three patients were treated before the SOP was introduced (group A) and 54 patients were treated afterward (group B). Patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two time periods regarding baseline characteristics, compliance with SOP criteria, and the end points successful weaning and 30-day survival.
Results Successful weaning rose significantly from 56.6 to 74.1% (p = 0.045) and 30-day survival rate increased from 34.0 to 50.0% (p = 0.069) after implementation of the SOP. Successful weaning was significantly associated with daily echocardiography (p = 0.012) and circulatory support with dobutamine (p = 0.026). The investigated other criteria used in the weaning process did not show a significant correlation with better outcome.
Conclusion The SOP for ECLS weaning showed higher weaning rates compared with a weaning based on individual decisions. Although only parts of the SOP were associated with higher weaning and survival rates, the SOP was experienced as a useful guideline for standardized ECLS management.
Neuroblastoma of the Urinary Bladder in an Infant
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Campbell-Hewson Quentin , Gabra Hany O. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs it originates from neural crest cells, Neuroblastoma (NBL) can arise anywhere along the sympathetic chain. However, its occurrence in the urinary bladder (UB) is extremely rare. We present a case of an incidentally diagnosed pelvic NBL arising from the dome of the UB in a 7-month-old infant. The mass was treated with surgical excision only after being classified as a very low risk group according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group staging system. The patient was disease free after 5 years of follow-up. Although rare, we suggest that NBL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of UB masses in children and investigated accordingly.