bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of near infrared focused laser on the fluorescence of labelled cell membrane
Authors: Avila Remy , Tamariz Elisa , Medina-Villalobos Norma , Andilla Jordi , Marsal María , Loza-Alvarez Pablo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) laser light can have important reactions on live cells. For example, in a macroscopic scale, it is used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and in a single-cell scale, NIR lasers have been experimentally used to guide neuronal growth. However, little is known about how NIR lasers produce such behaviours on cells. In this paper we report effects of focussing a continuous wave 810-nm wavelength laser on in vivo 3T3 cells plasma membrane. Cell membranes were labelled with FM 4-64, a dye that fluoresces when associated to membrane lipids. Confocal microscopy was used to image cell membranes and perform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. We found that the NIR laser produces an increase of the fluorescence intensity at the location of laser spot. This intensity boost vanishes once the laser is turned off. The mean fluorescence increase, calculated over 75 independent measurements, equals 19%. The experiments reveal that the fluorescence rise is a growing function of the laser power. This dependence is well fitted with a square root function. The FRAP, when the NIR laser is acting on the cell, is twice as large as when the NIR laser is off, and the recovery time is 5 times longer. Based on the experimental evidence and a linear fluorescence model, it is shown that the NIR laser provokes a rise in the number of molecular associations dye-lipid. The results reported here may be a consequence of a combination of induced increments in membrane fluidity and exocytosis.
Genetic identification of Ly75 as a novel quantitative trait gene for resistance to obesity in mice
Authors: Makino Keita , Ishikawa Akira 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIdentification of causal quantitative trait genes (QTGs) governing obesity is challenging. We previously revealed that the lymphocyte antigen 75 (Ly75) gene with an immune function is a putative QTG for Pbwg1.5, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to obesity found from wild mice (Mus musculus castaneus). The objective of this study was to identify a true QTG for Pbwg1.5 by a combined approach of a quantitative complementation test, qualitative phenotypic analyses and causal analysis using segregating populations. In a four-way cross population among an Ly75 knockout strain, a subcongenic strain carrying Pbwg1.5 and their background strains, the quantitative complementation test showed genetic evidence that the Ly75 locus is identical to Pbwg1.5. Qualitative phenotypic analyses in two intercross populations between knockout and background strains and between subcongenic and background strains suggested that Ly75 may have pleiotropic effects on weights of white fat pads and organs. Causal analysis in the intercross population between knockout and background strains revealed that only variation in fat pad weight is caused by the genotypic difference via the difference in liver Ly75 expression. The results showed that Ly75 is a true Pbwg1.5 QTG for resistance to obesity. The finding provides a novel insight for obesity biology.
Conserved Transcriptional Signatures in Human and Murine Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: McGregor Brett A. , Eid Stephanie , Rumora Amy E. , Murdock Benjamin , Guo Kai , de Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo , Porter James E. , Feldman Eva L. , Hur Junguk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In this study, we employed a systems biology approach to identify DPN-related transcriptional pathways conserved across human and various murine models. Eight microarray datasets on peripheral nerve samples from murine models of type 1 (streptozotocin-treated) and type 2 (db/db and ob/ob) diabetes of various ages and human subjects with non-progressive and progressive DPN were collected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between non-diabetic and diabetic samples in murine models, and non-progressive and progressive human samples using a unified analysis pipeline. A transcriptional network for each DEG set was constructed based on literature-derived gene-gene interaction information. Seven pairwise human-vs-murine comparisons using a network-comparison program resulted in shared sub-networks including 46 to 396 genes, which were further merged into a single network of 688 genes. Pathway and centrality analyses revealed highly connected genes and pathways including LXR/RXR activation, adipogenesis, glucocorticoid receptor signalling, and multiple cytokine and chemokine pathways. Our systems biology approach identified highly conserved pathways across human and murine models that are likely to play a role in DPN pathogenesis and provide new possible mechanism-based targets for DPN therapy.
The potential of substance P to initiate and perpetuate cortical spreading depression (CSD) in rat in vivo
Authors: Richter Frank , Eitner Annett , Leuchtweis Johannes , Bauer Reinhard , Ebersberger Andrea , Lehmenkühler Alfred , Schaible Hans-Georg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe tachykinin substance P (SP) increases neuronal excitability, participates in homeostatic control, but induces brain oedema after stroke or trauma. We asked whether SP is able to induce cortical spreading depression (CSD) which often aggravates stroke-induced pathology. In anesthetized rats we applied SP (10−5, 10−6, 10−7, or 10−8 mol/L) to a restricted cortical area and recorded CSDs there and in remote non-treated areas using microelectrodes. SP was either applied in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), or in aqua to perform a preconditioning. Plasma extravasation in cortical grey matter was assessed with Evans Blue. Only SP dissolved in aqua induced self-regenerating CSDs. SP dissolved in ACSF did not ignite CSDs even when excitability was increased by acetate-preconditioning. Aqua alone elicited as few CSDs as the lowest concentration of SP. Local pretreatment with 250 nmol/L of a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist prevented the SP-induced plasma extravasation, the initiation of CSDs by 10−5 mol/L SP diluted in aqua, and the initiation of CSDs by aqua alone, but did not suppress KCl-induced CSD. Thus neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists may be used to explore the involvement of SP in CSDs in clinical studies.
Human stem cells home to and repair laser-damaged trabecular meshwork in a mouse model
Authors: Yun Hongmin , Wang Yiwen , Zhou Yi , Kumar Ajay , Wang Ke , Sun Ming , Stolz Donna B. , Xia Xiaobo , Ethier C. Ross , Du Yiqin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss, and reducing elevated intraocular pressure is currently the only effective clinical treatment. The trabecular meshwork is the main resistance site for aqueous outflow that maintains intraocular pressure. In this study, we transplanted human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) intracamerally into mice that received laser photocoagulation over a 180° arc of the trabecular meshwork. TMSCs preferentially homed and integrated to the laser-damaged trabecular meshwork region and expressed differentiated cell markers at 2 and 4 weeks. Laser-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses were prevented by TMSC transplantation with simultaneous ultrastructure and function restoration. Cell affinity and migration assays and elevated expression of CXCR4 and SDF1 in laser-treated mouse trabecular meshwork suggest that the CXCR4/SDF1 chemokine axis plays an important role in TMSC homing. Our results suggest that TMSCs may be a viable candidate for trabecular meshwork refunctionalization as a novel treatment for glaucoma.
Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 targets Wnt-7b to affect glioma progression via modulation of miR-410
Authors: Sun Wei-Li , Kang Tian , Wang Yuan-Yu , Sun Jian-Ping , Li Chen , Liu Hong-Jiang , Yang Yue , Jiao Bao-Hua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 via regulating miR-410 to modulate Wnt-7b in the progression of glioma. To address this problem, we measured the expression of OIP5-AS1 and miR-410 in glioma tissues by qRT-PCR. Glioma U87 cells were transfected with OIP5-AS1 siRNA or miR-410 inhibitors. The targeting relationships among miR-410, OIP5-AS1 and Wnt-7b were verified by luciferase reporter assays. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway-related proteins, while MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to measure the biological characteristics of glioma cells. The results showed that OIP5-AS1 expression was higher and miR-410 was lower in glioma tissues. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed a targeting relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-410, as well as between miR-410 and Wnt-7b. Silencing OIP5-AS1 reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma U87 cells and led to depressed expression levels of miR-410, Wnt-7b, p-β-catenin, GSK-3β-pS9, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Furthermore, down-regulation of OIP5-AS1 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of glioma cells. Inhibitors of miR-410 abolished the biological effects of OIP5-AS1 siRNA in glioma cells. In vivo, OIP5-AS1 knockdown also inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, this research suggested that silencing OIP5-AS1 may specifically block the Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway via targeted up-regulating miR-410, thereby inhibiting growth, invasion and migration while promoting apoptosis in glioma cells.
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
Authors: Díaz-Godínez César , Carrero Julio C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
Sprachkompetenz fördern
Authors: Friedrich Anett , Morgenstern Ulrike 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungOhne ausreichende Sprachkenntnisse ist es schwierig, eine Beziehung zu den
Pflegebedürftigen aufzubauen. Da die Zahl der Auszubildenden mit
Migrationsgeschichte in der Altenpflege steigt, stellt sich die Frage, wie ihre
sprachlichen Kompetenzen besser gefördert werden können. Eine Studie liefert
Antworten.
Do Food Intake and Food Cravings Change during the Menstrual Cycle of Young Women?
Authors: Souza Luciana Bronzi de , Martins Karine Anusca , Cordeiro Mariana Morais , Rodrigues Ymárdila de Souza , Rafacho Bruna Paola Murino , Bomfim Rafael Aiello 
Published: November 2018

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the anthropometric measures, food intake and food cravings during the menstrual cycle of undergraduate students of the faculty of nutrition.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 27 students from a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, who had their food intake evaluated through a 24-hour food recall, their nutritional status evaluated based on anthropometric measures, and food cravings evaluated using the Food Desire Questionnaire. Data were collected during an evaluation in the follicular phase (between the 5th and the 9th day of the menstrual cycle) and another in the luteal phase (LP) (between the 20th and the 25th day of the menstrual cycle). For food intake variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by the Tukey test. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of food cravings, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05).
Results The desire for foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat, such as chocolate, pastries, snacks and desserts were higher (p < 0.05) during the premenstrual period, although it did not reflect neither a higher energy intake nor an alteration in the distribution of macronutrients. A higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and calcium was observed during the LP; however, without statistical difference between the groups. There were no differences either in the intake of any food group or in the anthropometric measurements (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Food cravings of nutrition students differed between the phases of the menstrual cycle; however, with no difference in food intake and in anthropometric measures.
Pulmonary Valve Prosthesis Endocarditis Caused By Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Kremer Jamila , Mutters Nico , Karck Matthias , Last Katharina 
Published: November 2018

Background Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative bacterium assigned to the family of Rickettsiaceae. Less than 1% of Q-fever infection leads to infective endocarditis (IE). Cases of reported pulmonary valve (PV) prosthesis endocarditis are scarce.
Case Description A patient with a PV prosthesis endocarditis caused by Coxiella burnetii was seeking asylum in Germany. Prosthesis replacement was performed. All obtained blood cultures showed no growth as well as microbiological cultures of the prosthetic valve tissue. A polymerase chain reaction analysis on the explanted prosthesis detected DNA of Coxiella spp.
Conclusion Diagnosing IE caused by Coxiella burnetii requires an interdisciplinary effort from both clinicians and microbiologists.
Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells control the information rate of the optic nerve
Authors: Milosavljevic Nina , Storchi Riccardo , Eleftheriou Cyril G. , Colins Andrea , Petersen Rasmus S. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Noise in the visual signal falls as ambient light increases, allowing the retina to extract more information from the scene. We show here that a measure of ambient light produced by the small number of inner retinal photoreceptors [intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)] regulates intrinsic rates of spike firing across the population of retinal ganglion cells that form the optic nerve. Increased firing at higher irradiance allows the ganglion cells to convey more information. Our findings reveal a potential mechanism for increasing visual performance at high ambient light and show that changes in maintained activity can be used to provide proactive control over rates of information flow in the CNS.
Possessive nominal phrases in Lamaholot
Authors: Nishiyama Kunio 
Published: November 2018

This paper analyzes the synchrony and diachrony of possessive noun phrases in Lamaholot (Austronesian). On the assumption that the clause architecture and the nominal architecture are parallel, the loss of verb movement at the clausal level (Aldridge 2010) is argued to be equivalent to the loss of movement of NP at the nominal level. This captures the possessor – possessed order in languages in eastern Indonesia (including Lamaholot), as opposed to the possessed – possessor order in western Indonesia. Lamaholot also has the possessed – possessor order, and this involves focus movement of NP. The complementary distribution of a genitive pronoun and a nominal suffix is accounted for by contextual allomorphy. As driving force of word order change, an internal factor (within Austronesian) and an external factor (contact with Papuan languages) are suggested.
Acquisition of backward anaphora in European Portuguese by Chinese learners
Authors: Zheng Yi 
Published: November 2018

This study investigates pronominal resolution in backward anaphora in European Portuguese and its acquisition by second language learners whose first language is Chinese. An off-line experiment was conducted to investigate what strategies were adopted by the learners. The results show that the upper-intermediate (B2) learners may be influenced by their first language and the language universal active search mechanism of Kazanina et al. (2007), while the advanced (C1) learners only adopt the latter. The findings also show that learners from both levels fail to link the backward anaphoric pronoun to an extra-contextual entity.1
Changes in Aflatoxin Standards: Implications for EU Border Controls of Nut Imports
Authors: Garcia‐Alvarez‐Coque Jose‐Maria , Taghouti Ibtissem , Martinez‐Gomez Victor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFood safety concerns about the risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination have been growing in many regions, particularly in the European Union (EU). To protect consumers from health risks, the EU has established strict standards for maximum acceptable AF levels in food products; these standards have changed several times. This article examines the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database, which contains notifications on border controls on AF levels in tree nuts and peanuts. A count data model was used to analyze the impact of political economy considerations, past alerts, and path‐dependence effects on RASFF border controls. Policy changes, including the harmonization and relaxing of the EU's AF standards, significantly affected the frequency of border controls, with diverse effects among exporting countries. It is believed that the present study provides some insights to the modeling of food standards for explanation or forecasting purposes.
Thalamocortical Afferents Innervate the Cortical Subplate much Earlier in Development in Primate than in Rodent
Authors: Alzu’bi Ayman , Homman-Ludiye Jihane , Bourne James A , Clowry Gavin J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The current model, based on rodent data, proposes that thalamocortical afferents (TCA) innervate the subplate towards the end of cortical neurogenesis. This implies that the laminar identity of cortical neurons is specified by intrinsic instructions rather than information of thalamic origin. In order to determine whether this mechanism is conserved in the primates, we examined the growth of thalamocortical (TCA) and corticofugal afferents in early human and monkey fetal development. In the human, TCA, identified by secretagogin, calbindin, and ROBO1 immunoreactivity, were observed in the internal capsule of the ventral telencephalon as early as 7–7.5 PCW, crossing the pallial/subpallial boundary (PSB) by 8 PCW before the calretinin immunoreactive corticofugal fibers do. Furthermore, TCA were observed to be passing through the intermediate zone and innervating the presubplate of the dorsolateral cortex, and already by 10–12 PCW TCAs were occupying much of the cortex. Observations at equivalent stages in the marmoset confirmed that this pattern is conserved across primates. Therefore, our results demonstrate that in primates, TCAs innervate the cortical presubplate at earlier stages than previously demonstrated by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, suggesting that pioneer thalamic afferents may contribute to early cortical circuitry that can participate in defining cortical neuron phenotypes.
Direct Evidence for Prediction Signals in Frontal Cortex Independent of Prediction Error
Authors: Dürschmid Stefan , Reichert Christoph , Hinrichs Hermann , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Kirsch Heidi E , Knight Robert T , Deouell Leon Y 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals.
Metagenomic Virome Sequencing in Living Donor and Recipient Kidney Transplant Pairs Revealed JC Polyomavirus Transmission
Authors: Schreiber Peter W , Kufner Verena , Hübel Kerstin , Schmutz Stefan , Zagordi Osvaldo , Kaur Amandeep , Bayard Cornelia , Greiner Michael , Zbinden Andrea , Capaul Riccarda , Böni Jürg , Hirsch Hans H , Mueller Thomas F , Mueller Nicolas J , Trkola Alexandra , Huber Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBefore kidney transplantation, donors and recipients are routinely screened for viral pathogens using specific tests. Little is known about unrecognized viruses of the urinary tract that potentially result in transmission. Using an open metagenomic approach, we aimed to comprehensively assess virus transmission in living-donor kidney transplantation.MethodsLiving kidney donors and their corresponding recipients were enrolled at the time of transplantation. Follow-up study visits for recipients were scheduled 4–6 weeks and 1 year thereafter. At each visit, plasma and urine samples were collected and transplant recipients were evaluated for signs of infection or other transplant-related complications. For metagenomic analysis, samples were enriched for viruses, amplified by anchored random polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. Viruses detected by sequencing were confirmed using real-time PCR.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 30 living kidney donor and recipient pairs, with a follow-up of at least 1 year. In addition to viruses commonly detected during routine post-transplant virus monitoring, metagenomic sequencing detected JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in the urine of 7 donors and their corresponding recipients. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed infection with the donor strain in 6 cases, suggesting transmission from the transplant donor to the recipient, despite recipient seropositivity for JCPyV at the time of transplantation.ConclusionsMetagenomic sequencing identified frequent transmission of JCPyV from kidney transplant donors to recipients. Considering the high incidence rate, future studies within larger cohorts are needed to define the relevance of JCPyV infection and the donor’s virome for transplant outcomes.