bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical and experimental study of RF shimming in the presence of hip prostheses using adaptive SAR at 3 T
Authors: Destruel Aurelien , Fuentes Miguel , Weber Ewald , O’Brien Kieran , Jin Jin , Liu Feng , Barth Markus , Crozier Stuart 
Published: February 2019

PurposeParallel transmission techniques in MRI have the potential to improve the image quality near metal implants at 3 T. However, current testing of implants only evaluates the risk of radiofrequency (RF) heating in phantoms in circularly polarized mode. We investigate the influence of changing the transmission settings in a 2‐channel body coil on the peak temperature near 2 CoCrMo hip prostheses, using adaptive specific absorption rate (SAR) as an estimate of RF heating.MethodsAdaptive SAR is a SAR averaging method that is optimized to correlate with thermal simulations and limit the temperature to 39°C near hip implants. The simulated peak temperature was compared when using whole‐body SAR, SAR10g, and adaptive SAR as a constraint for the maximum allowed input power. Adaptive SAR was used as a fast estimate of temperature to evaluate the trade‐off between good image quality and low heating near the hip implants. Electromagnetic simulations were validated by simulating and measuring B1 maps and electric fields in a phantom at 3 T.ResultsSimulations and measurements showed excellent agreement. Limiting whole‐body SAR to 2 W/kg and SAR10g to 10 W/kg resulted in temperatures up to 49.3°C and 40.7°C near the hip implants after 30 minutes of RF exposure, respectively. Predictions based on adaptive SAR limited the temperature to 39°C, and allowed to improve the B1 field distribution while preventing peak temperatures near the hip implants.ConclusionSignificant RF heating can occur at 3 T near hip implants when parallel transmission is used. Adaptive SAR can be integrated in RF shimming algorithms to improve the uniformity and reduce heating.
Surgical and anesthetic management for hepatectomy in two pediatric patients with trisomy 18, pulmonary hypertension, and hepatoblastoma
Authors: Lucas Donald J. , Rubinstein Jeremy , Gosain Ankush , Tiao Greg , Head Tim , Pratap J. Nick , Williams Regan , Helmig Sara , Geller James , Langham Max , Trobaugh‐Lotrario Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChildren with trisomy 18 are surviving longer and undergoing more aggressive life‐sustaining therapy. This report describes two patients with trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma (HB) successfully resected in the setting of significant pulmonary hypertension. Forty‐four previously published cases of the association between HB and trisomy 18 are reviewed. With careful multidisciplinary preoperative planning, successful resection of HB in children with trisomy 18 who have significant pulmonary hypertension is feasible. Because HB and trisomy 18 are increasing in prevalence, the need for timely liver tumor resection in the setting of pulmonary hypertension will be more common.
Study on melting and polymorphic behavior of poly(decamethylene terephthalamide)
Authors: Li Ming 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis work describes the melting and polymorphic behavior of poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) (PA 10T). Both solution‐crystallized (SC) and melt‐crystallized (MC) PA 10T show double melting endotherms in DSC. The SC crystal form melts at 260–300°C giving the first melting endotherm, and meanwhile undergoes a polymorphic transition forming the MC crystal form. The subsequent melting of the MC crystal form gives the second melting endotherm at 300–325°C. This irreversible polymorphic transition is confirmed by variable‐temperature WAXD and IR. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) shows a glass transition temperature (Tg) at 127°C and the presence of an α′ transition at 203°C (0.1 and 1 Hz). This transition could be confirmed by DSC and variable‐temperature WAXD experiments. The α′ transition correlates with a reversible thermal process and a sudden change in intersheet spacing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 465–472
Feasibility and acceptance of the CaringGuidance web‐based, distress self‐management, psychoeducational program initiated within 12 weeks of breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lally Robin M. , Bellavia Gina , Gallo Steven , Kupzyk Kevin , Helgeson Vicki , Brooks Catherine , Erwin Deborah , Brown Jean 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveLimited clinical resources create barriers to quality management of cancer‐related distress. CaringGuidance After Breast Cancer Diagnosis is a web‐based, patient‐controlled, psychoeducational program of cognitive‐behavioral, coping and problem‐solving strategies aimed at early post‐diagnosis distress reduction without clinical resources. This study evaluated the feasibility of recruiting and retaining newly diagnosed women to 12 weeks of CaringGuidance and program acceptance.MethodsWomen with stage 0 to II breast cancer diagnosed within the prior 3 months were recruited from clinics and communities in four states, from 2013 to 2015 and randomized to 12 weeks of CaringGuidance plus usual care (n = 57) or usual care alone (n = 43). Recruitment, retention, and program use were tracked. Using standard and study‐derived measures, demographic and psychological variables were assessed at baseline and monthly and program satisfaction at 12 weeks.ResultsOf 139 women screened, 100 enrolled, five withdrew, and 12 were lost to follow‐up (83% retention rate). Total program engagement was positively associated with greater baseline intrusive/avoidant thoughts. Intervention participants (92%) believed CaringGuidance would benefit future women and was easy to use. Sixty‐six percent believed CaringGuidance helped them cope. Women used program content to change thoughts (49%) or behaviors (40%). Stress in the previous year was positively associated with reports that CaringGuidance was reassuring and helpful.ConclusionsFeasibility and acceptance of CaringGuidance was demonstrated pointing to the program's potential as a cancer‐distress self‐management intervention. Future research will explore program feasibility and acceptability in other regions of the United States, leading to clinical implementation trials.
Dihydrotestosterone inhibits arylsulfatase B and Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor (DKK)‐3 leading to enhanced Wnt signaling in prostate epithelium in response to stromal Wnt3A
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sumit , Feferman Leo , Tobacman Joanne K. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIn tissue microarrays, immunostaining of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N‐acetylgalactosamine‐4‐sulfatase) was less in recurrent prostate cancers and in cancers with higher Gleason scores. In cultured prostate stem cells, decline in ARSB increased Wnt signaling through effects on Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor (DKK)3. The effects of androgen exposure on ARSB and the impact of decline in ARSB on Wnt signaling in prostate tissue were unknown.MethodsEpithelial and stromal tissues from malignant and normal human prostate were obtained by laser capture microdissection. mRNA expression of ARSB, galactose‐6‐sulfate‐sulfatase (GALNS) and Wnt‐signaling targets was determined by QPCR. Non‐malignant human epithelial and stromal prostate cells were grown in tissue culture, including two‐cell layer cultures. ARSB was silenced by specific siRNA, and epithelial cells were treated with stromal spent media following treatment with IWP‐2, an inhibitor of Wnt secretion, and by exogenous recombinant human Wnt3A. Promoter methylation was detected using specific DKK3 and ARSB promoter primers. The effects of DHT and of ARSB overexpression on DKK expression were determined. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU incorporation.ResultsNormal stroma showed higher expression of vimentin, ARSB, and Wnt3A than epithelium. Normal epithelium had higher expression of E‐cadherin, galactose 6‐sulfate‐sulfatase (GALNS), and DKK3 than stroma. In malignant epithelium, expression of ARSB and DKK3 declined, and expression of GALNS and Wnt signaling targets increased. In cultured prostate epithelial cells, Wnt‐mediated signaling was greatest when ARSB was silenced and cells were exposed to exogenous Wnt3A. Exposure to 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased ARSB and DKK3 promoter rmethylation, and effects of DHT on DKK3 expression were reversed when ARSB was overexpressed.ConclusionsAndrogen‐induced declines in ARSB and DKK3 may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis by sustained activation of Wnt signaling in prostate epithelium in response to stromal Wnt3A.
All‐atom structure ensembles of islet amyloid polypeptides determined by enhanced sampling and experiment data restraints
Authors: Su Xinyue , Wang Ke , Liu Na , Chen Jiawen , Li Yong , Duan Mojie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExploring the accurate structure ensembles are critical to understand the functions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). As a well‐known IDP, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) plays important roles in the development of human type II diabetes (T2D). The toxicity of human IAPP (hIAPP) is induced by the amyloidosis of the peptide, however, its aggregation mechanism remains ambiguous. The characterization of structure ensemble of hIAPP, as well as the differences between hIAPP and its non‐amyloidogenic homologous such as rat IAPP (rIAPP), would greatly help to illuminate the amyloidosis mechanism of IAPP. In this study, the atomic structure ensembles of hIAPP and rIAPP were characterized by all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with enhanced sampling technology and experiment data restraints. The obtained structure ensembles were firstly compared with those determined by the conventional MD (cMD) and enhanced sampling without experiment data restraints. The results showed that the enhanced sampling and experiment data restraints would improve the simulation accuracy. The transient N‐terminal α‐helix structures were adopted by the sub‐states of both hIAPP and rIAPP, however, the C‐terminal helical structures were only present on hIAPP. The hydrophobic residues in the amyloid‐core region of hIAPP are exposed to the solvent. The structure ensemble differences between hIAPP and rIAPP revealed in this work provide potential explain to the amyloidogenic mechanism and would be helpful for the design of drugs to combat T2D.
Use of visible spectrum sUAS photography for land cover classification at nest sites of a declining bird species (Falco sparverius)
Authors: Kamm Matthew , Reed J. Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotography with small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) offers opportunities for researchers to better understand habitat selection in wildlife, especially for species that select habitat from an aerial perspective (e.g., many bird species). The growing number of commercial sUAS being flown by recreational users represents a potentially valuable source of data for documenting and studying wildlife habitat. We used a commercially available quadcopter sUAS with a visible spectrum camera to classify habitat for American Kestrels (Falco sparverius; Aves), as well as to evaluate aspects of image processing and postprocessing relevant to a simple habitat analysis using citizen science photography. We investigated inter–observer repeatability of habitat classification, effectiveness of cross‐image classification and Gaussian filtering, and sensitivity to classification resolution. We photographed vegetation around nests from both 25 m and 50 m above takeoff elevation, and analyzed images via maximum likelihood supervised classification. Our results indicate that commercial off‐the‐shelf sUAS photography can distinguish between grass, herbaceous, woody, bare ground, and human‐modified cover classes with good (kappa > 0.6) or strong (kappa > 0.8) accuracy using a 0.25 m2 minimum patch size for aggregation. There was inter‐subject variability in designating training samples, but high repeatability of supervised classification accuracy. Gaussian filtering reduced classification accuracy, while coarser classification resolution out‐performed finer resolution due to “speckling noise.” Image self‐classification significantly outperformed cross‐image classification. Mean classification accuracy metrics (kappa values) across different photo heights differed little, but, importantly, the rank order of images differed noticeably.
A Combination of Intrathecal and Intramuscular Application of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partly Reduces the Activation of Necroptosis in the Spinal Cord of SOD1G93A Rats
Authors: Řehořová Monika , Vargová Ingrid , Forostyak Serhiy , Vacková Irena , Turnovcová Karolína , Kupcová Skalníková Helena , Vodička Petr , Kubinová Šárka , Syková Eva , Jendelová Pavla 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We compared the effect of repeated intrathecal applications of hMSC or their conditioned medium (CondM) using lumbar puncture or injection into the muscle (quadriceps femoris), or a combination of both applications in symptomatic SOD1G93A rats. We further assessed the effect of the treatment on three major cell death pathways (necroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy) in the spinal cord tissue. All the animals were behaviorally tested (grip strength test, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) test, and rotarod), and the tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically, by qPCR and Western blot. All symptomatic SOD1 rats treated with hMSC had a significantly increased lifespan, improved motor activity and reduced number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells. Moreover, a combined hMSC delivery increased motor neuron survival, maintained neuromuscular junctions in quadriceps femoris and substantially reduced the levels of proteins involved in necroptosis (Rip1, mixed lineage kinase-like protein, cl-casp8), apoptosis (cl-casp 9) and autophagy (beclin 1). Furthermore, astrogliosis and elevated levels of Connexin 43 were decreased after combined hMSC treatment. The repeated application of CondM, or intramuscular injections alone, improved motor activity; however, this improvement was not supported by changes at the molecular level. Our results provide new evidence that a combination of repeated intrathecal and intramuscular hMSC applications protects motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions, not only through a reduction of apoptosis and autophagy but also through the necroptosis pathway, which is significantly involved in cell death in rodent SOD1G93A model of ALS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:535–547
Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction: Sustainable Solutions via Single‐Atom Catalysts Supported on 2D Materials
Authors: Kwon Ki Chang , Suh Jun Min , Varma Rajender S. , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Jang Ho Won 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been garnering attention recently due to their excellent performance in significant catalytic reactions such as oxidation, water gas shift, and hydrogenation reactions. Unlike traditional nanocatalysts, the catalytic performance of SACs is highly dependent on the scale of catalysts, low‐coordination nature, and interaction between the catalysts and support materials. The size of metal particles is a key factor in determining the performance of the catalysts as the specific activity per metal atom usually increases with decreasing size of metal particles; the small size of metal particles serves as the catalytically active sites. Furthermore, the support materials should have not only an extremely large surface area to host a lot of catalysts in their structures, but also the ability to capture the catalysts appropriately. 2D materials, which have a high specific surface‐to‐volume ratio and van der Waals forces to capture catalysts, have been considered good support materials. A detailed discussion on the preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance, especially for water splitting and carbon dioxide utilization reactions using SACs supported on 2D materials, is provided; the main advantages of SACs and the associated challenges for improving their catalytic performance are highlighted.
Concise Review: Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia
Authors: Haenseler Walther , Rajendran Lawrence 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Inflammation of the brain and the consequential immunological responses play pivotal roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Microglia, the resident macrophage cells of the brain, have also emerged as key players in neuroinflammation. As primary human microglia from living subjects are normally not accessible to researchers, there is a pressing need for an alternative source of authentic human microglia which allows modeling of neurodegeneration in vitro. Several protocols for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia have recently been developed and provide unlimited access to patient-derived material. In this present study, we give an overview of iPSC-derived microglia models in monoculture and coculture systems, their advantages and limitations, and how they have already been used for disease phenotyping. Furthermore, we outline some of the gene engineering tools to generate isogenic controls, the creation of gene knockout iPSC lines, as well as covering reporter cell lines, which could help to elucidate complex cell interaction mechanisms in the microglia/neuron coculture system, for example, microglia-induced synapse loss. Finally, we deliberate on how said cocultures could aid in personalized drug screening to identify patient-specific therapies against neurodegeneration. Stem Cells 2019;37:724–730
The type database at Göttingen (GOET) — a virtual herbarium online
Authors: Schmull Michaela , Heinrichs Jochen , Baier Roland , Ullrich Dagmar , Wagenitz Gerhard , Groth Henk , Hourticolon Sibylle , Gradstein Robbert S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe type collection database of the herbarium of the University of Göttingen (GOET), containing about 8000 type specimens of vascular plants and bryophytes, is now accessible online at http://www.gwdg.de/~sysbot/Typen/default.htm. The website provides data and interactive photographs (habit, detail, and label) of each type specimen. The type database was transferred from Microsoft Access to Oracle and deployed on the web using the Oracle Designer. Two web applications were developed: one only for data queries, the other with an additional option for data editing (entry, update). Data editing by authorised persons is possible from any computer with internet access.
Laccase removal of 2‐chlorophenol and sulfamethoxazole in municipal wastewater
Authors: Haugland J. Oliver , Kinney Kerry A. , Johnson William H. , Camino Marina Montserrat Atilano , Whitman Christian P. , Lawler Desmond F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLaccases were studied for their ability to remove two compounds, 2‐chlorophenol and sulfamethoxazole, in batch studies, both in buffered solutions and in wastewater samples from different points in a municipal water resource recovery facility. Two enzymes with and without a mediator (acetosyringone) were investigated: a commercial product derived from Myceliphthora thermophile and a laboratory‐generated enzyme mix derived from Tramates versicolor. The chlorophenol was removed rapidly by the commercial enzyme in the presence of acetosyringone, but the primary products were coupling complexes of the reactants. Excellent removal was achieved without acetosyringone by the natural enzyme mix. Sulfamethoxazole was poorly removed in all laboratory‐generated chemically buffered solutions, but was very well removed, without the addition of mediators, in secondary effluent suspensions from a municipal water resource recovery facility. Mechanistic studies are still required, but the results suggest that treatment via direct addition of enzymes is feasible to remove recalcitrant compounds in municipal wastewater.
Muon-electron scattering at NLO
Authors: Alacevich Massimo , Carloni Calame Carlo M. , Chiesa Mauro , Montagna Guido , Nicrosini Oreste , Piccinini Fulvio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We consider the process of muon-electron elastic scattering, which has been proposed as an ideal framework to measure the running of the electromagnetic coupling constant at space-like momenta and determine the leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon g−2 (MUonE experiment). We compute the next-to-leading (NLO) contributions due to QED and purely weak corrections and implement them into a fully differential Monte Carlo event generator, which is available for first experimental studies. We show representative phenomenological results of interest for the MUonE experiment and examine in detail the impact of the various sources of radiative corrections under different selection criteria, in order to study the dependence of the NLO contributions on the applied cuts. The study represents the first step towards the realisation of a high-precision Monte Carlo code necessary for data analysis.
Hair cannabinoid concentrations in emergency patients with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome
Authors: Albert Khala , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Gareri Joey , Day Andrew , Ruberto Aaron J. , Hookey Lawrence C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesCannabis hyperemesis syndrome is characterized by bouts of protracted vomiting in regular users of cannabis. We wondered whether this poorly understood condition is idiosyncratic, like motion sickness or hyperemesis gravidarum, or the predictable dose-response effect of prolonged heavy use.MethodsAdults with an emergency department visit diagnosed as cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, near-daily use of cannabis for ≥6 months, and ≥2 episodes of severe vomiting in the previous year were age- and sex-matched to two control groups: RU controls (recreational users without vomiting), and ED controls (patients in the emergency department for an unrelated condition). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations in scalp hair were compared for subjects with positive urine THC.ResultsWe obtained satisfactory hair samples from 46 subjects with positive urine THC: 16 cases (age 26.8 ± 9.2 years; 69% male), 16 RU controls and 14 ED controls. Hair cannabinoid concentrations were similar between all three groups (e.g. cases THC 220 [median; IQR 100,730] pg/mg hair, RU controls 150 [71,320] and ED controls 270 [120,560]). Only the THC:CBN ratio was different between groups, with a 2.6-fold (95%CI 1.3,5.7) lower age- and sex-adjusted ratio in cases than RU controls. Hair cannabidiol concentrations were often unquantifiably low in all subjects.ConclusionsSimilar hair cannabinoid concentrations in recreational users with and without hyperemesis suggest that heavy use is necessary but not sufficient for hyperemesis cannabis. Our results underline the high prevalence of chronic heavy cannabis use in emergency department patients and our limited understanding of this plant's adverse effects.