bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell‐based cell therapy for neuroprotection in stroke: A review
Authors: Rikhtegar Reza , Yousefi Mehdi , Dolati Sanam , Kasmaei Hosein Delavar , Charsouei Saeid , Nouri Mohammad , Shakouri Seyed Kazem 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeurological disorders, such as stroke, are triggered by a loss of neurons and glial cells. Ischemic stroke remains a substantial problem for industrialized countries. Over the previous few decades our understanding about the pathophysiology of stroke has enhanced, nevertheless, more awareness is required to advance the field of stroke recovery. Existing therapies are incapable to adequately relief the disease outcome and are not appropriate to all patients. Meanwhile, the majority of patients continue to show neurological deficits even subsequent effective thrombolysis, recuperative therapies are immediately required that stimulate brain remodeling and repair once stroke damage has happened. Cell therapy is emergent as a hopeful new modality for increasing neurological recovery in ischemic stroke. Numerous types of stem cells from various sources have been identified and their possibility and efficiency for the treatment of stroke have been investigated. Stem cell therapy in patients with stroke using adult stem cells have been first practiced in clinical trials since 15 years ago. Even though stem cells have revealed a hopeful role in ischemic stroke in investigational studies besides early clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy in human is still at a primary stage. In this review, we summarize the types of stem cells, various delivery routes, and clinical application of stem cell‐based therapy for stroke treatment.
Trehalose administration attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Hatamipour Mahdi , Tabatabaei Sayed Abbas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDisruption of macrophage autophagy is a major contributor to macrophage dysfunction and subsequent inflammation leading to atherosclerosis. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is able to induce macrophage autophagy‐lysosomal biogenesis and reduce inflammation. Here, we studied the efficacy of intravenous trehalose administration in reducing atherosclerotic plaque burden in high‐cholesterol‐fed rabbits. Adult male New Zealand white Rabbits were fed with a high‐fat diet containing 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks followed by a cholesterol‐free diet for the next 4 weeks. In the latter 4‐week phase of the cholesterol‐free diet, one group received intravenous trehalose solution at a dose of 350 mg/kg, three times per week. In the control group, an equivalent volume of PBS (3 mL) was administered with the same protocol. At the end of the 12th week of the study, all rabbits were anesthetized and aortic arch sections were collected followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and assessment of plaque grading. Fasting serum lipids were also measured using routine enzymatic methods. At the end of the 12th week, there were no significant differences in the body weight and blood lipids between the control‐ and trehalose‐treated groups. Intravenous trehalose administration significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque development as revealed by reduced plaque grading (
P = 0.048) and intima/media thickness ratio (
P = 0.017). Intimal thickening was also found to be reduced in the trehalose versus control group, though this reduction did not reach statistical significance. The present study provided evidence as to the efficacy of short‐term intravenous trehalose administration in regressing atherosclerotic plaque in high‐fat‐fed rabbits.
microRNA‐31 inhibition partially ameliorates the deficiency of bone marrow stromal cells from cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Xu Ling , Fu Yu , Zhu Weiwen , Xu Rongyao , Zhang Juan , Zhang Ping , Cheng Jie , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) in humans is an autosomal‐dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations of the runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the dysfunction of bone marrow stromal cells from CCD patients (BMSCs‐CCD) contributes to the bone deficiency, but the characteristics of BMSCs‐CCD and the mechanisms that underlie their properties remain undefined.MethodsThe clinical manifestations of three CCD patients were collected and the mutations of RUNX2 were analyzed. The properties of proliferation, osteogenesis, stemness, and senescence of BMSCs‐CCD were compared with that of BMSCs from healthy donors. The expression of microRNA‐31 (
miR‐31) between BMSCs‐CCD and BMSCs was measured and lentivirus‐carried
miR‐31 inhibitor was used to determine the role of
miR‐31 in BMSCs‐CCD both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying RUNX2‐miR31 and
miR‐31 targeting stemness and senescence of BMSCs‐CCD were also explored.ResultsWe identified two mutation sites of RUNX2 via exome sequencing from 2 of 3 Chinese CCD patients with typical clinical presentations. Compared with BMSCs from healthy donors, BMSCs‐CCD displayed significantly attenuated proliferation, osteogenesis and stemness, and enhanced senescence. Meanwhile,
miR‐31 knockdown could ameliorate these deficiency phenotypes of BMSCs‐CCD by regulating
SATB2,
BMI1,
CDKN, and
SP7. Mechanistically,
RUNX2 directly repressed
miR‐31 expression, and therefore
RUNX2 haploinsufficiency in CCD leading to
miR‐31 upregulation contributed to the deficiency of BMSCs‐CCD.
miR‐31 inhibition in BMSCs‐CCD showed enhanced osteogenesis through heterotopic subcutaneous implantation in the nude mice.ConclusionsOur results show the functional deficiencies of BMSCs‐CCD and a potential role of miR‐31 in BMSCs‐CCD deficiencies. The application of
miR‐31 inhibitor in BMSCs‐CCD might lend hope for developing BMSC‐based therapeutic approaches against CCD‐associated skeletal diseases.
Low expression of miR‐186‐5p regulates cell apoptosis by targeting toll‐like receptor 3 in high glucose–induced cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liu Ye , Zheng Wei , Pan Yue , Hu Jing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA‐186‐5p (miR‐186‐5p) on the apoptosis in high glucose (HG)–treated cardiomyocytes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy model was established in cardiomyocytes by stimulating with HG. The expressions of miR‐186‐5p and toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis, respectively. Apoptosis was detected in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The interaction between miR‐186‐5p and TLR3 was explored by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay. Results showed that miR‐186‐5p expression was downregulated in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes and its overexpression reversed HG‐induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase‐3 protein expression. Moreover, TLR3 was indicated as a target of miR‐186‐5p and regulated by miR‐186‐5p. Knockdown of TLR3 suppressed HG‐induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase‐3 protein expression. Besides, restoration of TLR3 ablated the effect of miR‐186‐5p on cell apoptosis. Collectively, miR‐186‐5p attenuated HG‐induced apoptosis by regulating TLR3 in cardiomyocytes, providing novel biomarker for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
The muscular sense in Russia: I. M. Sechenov and materialist realism
Authors: Smith Roger 
Published: December 2018

AbstractContemporary Russian sensory physiology and psychology uses the notion of a “dark sense,” referring to the background of bodily sensation, especially of the position and movement of the body. The physiologist Ivan Sechenov introduced this language in the 1860s in the context of arguing for a physiological basis for scientific psychology. The muscular sense (the term preceding modern notions of kinaesthesia and proprioception) thereafter featured in the many talks and journal articles he presented to spread scientific enlightenment. The paper describes the history and significance of this. It does so in the light of Soviet representations of Sechenov as a scientist who substantially contributed to the Leninist materialist–realist theory of knowledge. These representations assessed Sechenov’s discussions as a breakthrough in world science to the understanding of the human organism as a self‐regulating material system. It is necessary to understand the purposes and pressures driving Soviet historiography. The paper confirms the historical importance the sense of movement has had in realist theories of knowledge of the world; and it contributes a previously unknown chapter to the history of psychology.
The moral power of suggestion: A history of suggestion in Japan, 1900–1930
Authors: Wu Yu‐chuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn Japan, as in the west, suggestion theory was the predominant theory of hypnosis, and suggestive therapy was one of the most important, if not the most important, form of psychotherapy in the early 20th century. While the use of suggestion was met with objections on both scientific and moral grounds in the west, it was seen in a more positive light and has had a significant influence on the development of psychotherapy in Japan. With regard to the contexts of suggestion, suggestive power, suggestibility, and the effects of suggestion, this study will examine the distinctive conceptions and practices of suggestion developed by analogy with existing ideas about interpersonal influence, particularly with the concept of kanka (assimilative transformation) in Japan. They provide an interesting comparison to the western ideas of suggestion, helping us understand the historical and cultural particularity of western dynamic psychiatry and psychotherapy, particularly their presumptions about interpersonal influence.
Early antiretroviral therapy and daily pre‐exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin: a prospective observational demonstration study
Authors: Mboup Aminata , Béhanzin Luc , Guédou Fernand A , Geraldo Nassirou , Goma‐Matsétsé Ella , Giguère Katia , Aza‐Gnandji Marlène , Kessou Léon , Diallo Mamadou , Kêkê René K , Bachabi Moussa , Dramane Kania , Geidelberg Lily , Cianci Fiona , Lafrance Christian , Affolabi Dissou , Diabaté Souleymane , Gagnon Marie‐Pierre , Zannou Djimon M , Gangbo Flore , Boily Marie‐Claude , Vickerman Peter , Alary Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn sub‐Saharan Africa, HIV prevalence remains high, especially among key populations. In such situations, combination prevention including clinical, behavioural, structural and biological components, as well as adequate treatment are important. We conducted a demonstration project at the Dispensaire IST, a clinic dedicated to female sex workers (FSWs) in Cotonou, on early antiretroviral therapy (E‐ART, or immediate “test‐and‐treat”) and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We present key indicators such as uptake, retention and adherence.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we recruited FSWs from October 4th 2014 to December 31st 2015 and followed them until December 31st 2016. FSWs were provided with daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada®) for PrEP or received a first‐line antiretroviral regimen as per Benin guidelines. We used generalized estimating equations to assess trends in adherence and sexual behaviour.ResultsAmong FSWs in the catchment area, HIV testing coverage within the study framework was 95.5% (422/442). At baseline, HIV prevalence was 26.3% (111/422). Among eligible FSWs, 95.5% (105/110) were recruited for E‐ART and 88.3% (256/290) for PrEP. Overall retention at the end of the study was 59.0% (62/105) for E‐ART and 47.3% (121/256) for PrEP. Mean (±SD) duration of follow‐up was 13.4 (±7.9) months for E‐ART and 11.8 (±7.9) months for PrEP. Self‐reported adherence was over 90% among most E‐ART participants. For PrEP, adherence was lower and the proportion with 100% adherence decreased over time from 78.4% to 56.7% (p‐trend < 0.0001). During the 250.1 person‐years of follow‐up among PrEP initiators, two seroconversions occurred (incidence 0.8/100 person‐years (95% confidence interval: 0.3 to 1.9/100 person‐years)). The two seroconverters had stopped using PrEP for at least six months before being found HIV‐infected. In both groups, there was no evidence of reduced condom use.ConclusionsThis study provides data on key indicators for the integration of E‐ART and PrEP into the HIV prevention combination package already offered to FSWs in Benin. PrEP may be more useful as an individual intervention for adherent FSWs rather than a specific public health intervention. E‐ART was a more successful intervention in terms of retention and adherence and is now offered to all key populations in Benin.Study registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02237
Attrition of HIV‐exposed infants from early infant diagnosis services in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carlucci James G , Liu Yu , Friedman Halle , Pelayo Brenda E , Robelin Kimberly , Sheldon Emily K , Clouse Kate , Vermund Sten H 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionIdentification and retention of HIV‐exposed infants in early infant diagnosis (EID) services helps to ensure optimal health outcomes. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examines the magnitude of attrition from EID services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe performed a comprehensive database search through April 2016. We included original studies reporting retention/attrition data for HIV‐exposed infants in LMICs. Outcomes included loss to follow‐up (LTFU), death and overall attrition (LTFU + death) at time points along the continuum of EID services. At least two authors determined study eligibility, performed data extraction and made quality assessments. We used random‐effects meta‐analytic methods to aggregate effect sizes and perform meta‐regression analyses. This study adhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines.ResultsWe identified 3040 unique studies, of which 92 met eligibility criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. The included studies represent data from 110,805 HIV‐exposed infants, the majority of whom were from Africa (77%). LTFU definitions varied widely, and there was significant variability in outcomes across studies. The bulk of attrition occurred in the first six months of follow‐up, with additional losses over time. Overall, 39% of HIV‐exposed infants were no longer in care at 18 months. When restricted to non‐intervention studies, 43% were not retained at 18 months.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the high attrition of HIV‐exposed infants from EID services in LMICs and the urgent need for implementation research and resources to improve retention among this vulnerable population.
Reflections on the early invasive clinical cardiac electrophysiology era through fifty manuscripts: 1967–1992
Authors: Wang Norman C. , Lahiri Marc K. , Thosani Amit J. , Shen Sharon , Goldberger Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 1967, researchers in The Netherlands and France independently reported a new technique, later called programmed electrical stimulation. The ability to reproducibly initiate and terminate arrhythmias heralded the beginning of invasive clinical cardiac electrophysiology as a medical discipline. Over the next fifty years, insights into the pathophysiologic basis of arrhythmias would transform the field into an interventional specialty with a tremendous armamentarium of procedures. In 2015, the variety and complexity of these procedures were major reasons that led to the recommendation for an increase in the training period from one year to two years. The purpose of this manuscript is to present fifty manuscripts from the early invasive clinical cardiac electrophysiology era, between 1967 and 1992, to serve as an educational resource for current and future electrophysiologists. It is our hope that reflection on the transition from a predominantly noninvasive discipline to one where procedures are commonly utilized will lead to more thoughtful patient care today and to inspiration for innovation tomorrow. In the words of the late Dr. Mark E. Josephson, “It is only by getting back to the basics that the field of electrophysiology will continue to grow instead of stagnate.”
Incidence and Effects of Feeding Intolerance in Trauma Patients
Authors: Virani Farrukh R. , Peery Travis , Rivas Orlyn , Tomasek Jeffrey , Huerta Ravin , Wade Charles E. , Lee Jenny , Holcomb John B. , Uray Karen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough feeding intolerance is a common complication in trauma patients, the incidence, development, and effects are poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in which trauma patients were classified as having feeding intolerance based on time to reach feeding goal. Subsequently, we sorted patients by gastric residual volumes (GRVs) or symptoms of slowed gastrointestinal motility.ResultsOne‐third of trauma patients experienced delayed time to reach feeding goal after diet initiation. Delayed feeding was associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays, increased readmission rates, and increased incidence of sepsis. Patients with elevated GRV (>500 mL) had significantly prolonged ICU and hospital stays and increase incidence of sepsis. Patients with >2 symptoms of slowed gastrointestinal motility had prolonged ICU and hospital stays, delayed time to reach feeding goals, significantly increased readmission rates, increased incidence of infectious and thromboembolic complications and sepsis, decreased serum prealbumin levels, and increased CRP levels.ConclusionDecreased gastrointestinal motility in trauma patients is associated with worse outcomes and increased systemic inflammation.
Influence of nitrogen fertilization on yield and phenolic compounds in wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum)
Authors: Stumpf Beate , Yan Feng , Honermeier Bernd 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an important plant nutrient and is crucial for the plant growth and grain yield formation of field crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum). However, little is known about the influence of N on secondary metabolites in wheat grains which are supposed to be beneficial for human health due to their antioxidant potentials. Therefore, we investigated the influence of N fertilization on plant growth and yield performance of winter wheat, as well as on total phenolic concentration, antioxidant capacity, and the accumulation of (in)soluble phenolic acids in wheat grains during the grain‐filling phase. It was found that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in wheat grains. As expected, higher amounts of N fertilizer led to increasing grain yields, whereas the concentration of soluble ferulic acid decreased. In contrast, insoluble bound ferulic acid, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity were not affected by the N treatment. Insoluble phenolic compounds seemed to be less susceptible to variations in N supply.
Trophic interactions, toxicokinetics, and detoxification processes in a domoic acid‐producing diatom and two copepod species
Authors: Harðardóttir Sara , Hjort Ditte Marie , Wohlrab Sylke , Krock Bernd , John Uwe , Nielsen Torkel Gissel , Lundholm Nina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn costal ecosystems, copepods coexist with toxin‐producing phytoplankton. The presence of copepods can amplify the phytoplankton toxin production and thereby increase the overall toxicity of a bloom. Copepods are not always affected by the toxins and can vector the toxins to higher trophic levels. To investigate the interactions between toxin producers and their grazers, we determined the kinetics of grazer‐induced increases in toxin production and the subsequent toxin reduction in a domoic acid (DA)‐producing diatom, Pseudo‐nitzschia seriata. The cellular DA level of the diatom was within the range of in situ measurements. Ten days after removal of the copepods, 28% ± 8% of the cellular DA still remained in the cells. Simultaneously, we monitored the toxicokinetics of DA in two grazers; Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis. After 144 h of grazing on the toxic diet, the copepods accumulated and retained high concentrations of DA. Nine hours after exposure to the toxic diet was terminated, the copepods had depurated 70% ± 10% of the DA. The depuration lasted 4 ± 2 d and was independent of Calanus species and treatment. We explored the possible physiological responses in copepods after feeding on a purely toxic diet from gene expression profiles of C. finmarchicus. Expression of genes regulating several major metabolic and cellular processes was reduced in copepods feeding on DA‐containing diatoms, and we hypothesize that this is because of exposure to DA.
When is complemented in tensor products of ?
Authors: Morelli Cortes Vinícius , Medina Galego Elói , Samuel Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLet X be a Banach space, let I be an infinite set, let τ be an infinite cardinal and let . In contrast to a classical c0 result due independently to Cembranos and Freniche, we prove that if the cofinality of τ is greater than the cardinality of I, then the injective tensor product contains a complemented copy of if and only if X does. This result is optimal for every regular cardinal τ. On the other hand, we provide a generalization of a c0 result of Oja by proving that if τ is an infinite cardinal, then the projective tensor product contains a complemented copy of if and only if X does. These results are obtained via useful descriptions of tensor products as convenient generalized sequence spaces.
Design of a fragment‐type UHF RFID tag integrated into printed circuit board
Authors: Tao Yonghui , Zang Xian , Wang Can , Yang Chenwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA conformal radio frequency identification tag antenna can be integrated into printed circuit board (PCB) is presented. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the proposed tag can be reached as being applied on stacked PCB boards or separated PCB board. The design area of the proposed tag is 6 × 46 mm, which is small enough for most PCB boards. And it is also proved that the proposed tag can be used in PCB boards with different thicknesses. The maximum read range is measured to be 2.7 and 3.5 m as the tag is deployed on stacked PCB boards and separately placed PCB boards.
Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression in Human White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Rebello Candida J. , Greenway Frank L. , Lau Frank H. , Lin Yuan , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Johnson William D. , Coulter Ann A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveNaringenin, a citrus flavonoid, prevents diet‐induced weight gain and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. There is evidence that naringenin activates brown fat and increases energy expenditure in mice, but little is known about its effects in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of naringenin on energy expenditure in adipose tissue.MethodsHuman white adipocyte cultures (hADSC) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (pWAT) were treated with naringenin for 7 to 14 days. Expression (quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting) of candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism was measured. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in hADSC using a Seahorse flux analyzer.ResultsIn hADSC, naringenin increased expression of the genes associated with thermogenesis and fat oxidation, including uncoupling protein 1 and adipose triglyceride lipase, and key factors associated with insulin sensitivity, including glucose transporter type 4, adiponectin, and carbohydrate‐responsive element‐binding protein (P < 0.01). Similar responses were observed in pWAT. Basal, ATP‐linked, maximal and reserve oxygen consumption rate increased in the naringenin‐treated hADSC (P < 0.01).ConclusionsNaringenin increases energy expenditure in hADSC and stimulates expression of key enzymes involved in thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in hADSC and pWAT. Naringenin may promote conversion of human white adipose tissue to a brown/beige phenotype.