bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Conductive Ferroelectric Cellulose Composite Papers for Efficient Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Oh Hwisu , Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Bosung , Han Eunju , Lim Guh‐Hwan , Kim Sang‐Woo , Lim Byungkwon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPaper‐based electronics has attracted growing interest owing to many advantages of papers including low‐cost, abundance, flexibility, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Despite recent progress in paper electronics, however, development of a high‐performance paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is a power‐generating device that converts mechanical energy into electric energy by coupling triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, remains a challenge mainly due to weak electron‐donating tendency of cellulose‐based papers. In this work, highly conductive ferroelectric cellulose composite papers containing silver nanowires and BaTiO3 nanoparticles are fabricated, and their successful application for realizing a large‐area TENG with enhanced electrical output performance is demonstrated. It is found that triboelectric charge generation on the ferroelectric cellulose composite paper can be promoted by simple poling treatment, which significantly enhances TENG performance. The ferroelectric cellulose composite paper–based TENG exhibits an electrical output performance that surpasses those of aluminum‐based and pristine cellulose–based TENGs by more than two times, as well as outstanding output stability without a noticeable degradation in performance during 10 000 cycles of a repeated pushing test. The work demonstrates the great potential of multifunctional cellulose‐based papers for TENG and other self‐powered electronic applications.
Self‐Catalyzed Growth of Co, N‐Codoped CNTs on Carbon‐Encased CoSx Surface: A Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Flexible Solid Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Qian , Yu Jie , Zou Xiaohong , Liao Kaiming , Tan Peng , Zhou Wei , Ni Meng , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe self‐catalyzed growth of nanostructures on material surfaces is one of the most time‐ and cost‐effective ways to design multifunctional catalysts for a wide range of applications. Herein, the use of this technique to develop a multicomponent composite catalyst with CoSx
core encapsulated in an ultrathin porous carbon shell entangled with Co, N‐codoped carbon nanotubes is reported. The as‐prepared catalyst has a superior catalytic activity for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, an ultralow potential gap of 0.74 V, and outstanding durability, surpassing most previous reports. Such superiority is ascribed, in part, to the unique 3D electrode architecture of the composite, which is favorable for transporting oxygen species and electrons and creates a synergy between the components with different functionalities. Moreover, the flexible solid Zn–air battery assembled with such an air electrode shows a steady discharge voltage plateau of 1.25 V and a round‐trip efficiency of 70% at 1 mA cm−2. This work presents a simple strategy to design highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and may pave the way for the practical application of these materials in many energy conversion/storage devices.
Emergence of the Vortex State in Confined Ferroelectric Heterostructures
Authors: Hsu Shang‐Lin , McCarter Margaret R. , Dai Cheng , Hong Zijian , Chen Long‐Qing , Nelson Christopher T. , Martin Lane W. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe manipulation of charge and lattice degrees of freedom in atomically precise, low‐dimensional ferroelectric superlattices can lead to exotic polar structures, such as a vortex state. The role of interfaces in the evolution of the vortex state in these superlattices (and the associated electrostatic and elastic boundary conditions they produce) has remained unclear. Here, the toroidal state, arranged in arrays of alternating clockwise/counterclockwise polar vortices, in a confined SrTiO3/PbTiO3/SrTiO3 trilayer is investigated. By utilizing a combination of transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction, and phase‐field modeling, the phase transition as a function of layer thickness (number of unit cells) demonstrates how the vortex state emerges from the ferroelectric state by varying the thickness of the confined PbTiO3 layer. Intriguingly, the vortex state arises at head‐to‐head domain boundaries in ferroelectric a1/a2 twin structures. In turn, by varying the total number of PbTiO3 layers (moving from trilayer to superlattices), it is possible to manipulate the long‐range interactions among multiple confined PbTiO3 layers to stabilize the vortex state. This work provides a new understanding of how the different energies work together to produce this exciting new state of matter and can contribute to the design of novel states and potential memory applications.
Leveraging of MEMS Technologies for Optical Metamaterials Applications
Authors: Ren Zhihao , Chang Yuhua , Ma Yiming , Shih Kailing , Dong Bowei , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTunable metamaterial devices have experienced explosive growth in the past decades, driving the traditional electromagnetic (EM) devices to evolve into diversified functionalities by manipulating EM properties such as amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization, and propagation direction. However, one of the bottlenecks of these rapidly developed metamaterials technologies is limited tunability caused by the intrinsic frequency‐dependent property of exotic tunable material. To overcome such limitation, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) enabling micro/nanoscale manipulation is developed to actively control “meta‐atom” in terahertz and infrared region, which brings frequency‐scalable tunability and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible functional meta‐devices. Beyond tunability, novel chemical sensing platforms of molecular identification and dynamic monitoring of the biochemical process can be achieved by integrating micro/nanofluidics channels with metamaterial resonators. Additionally, incorporating metamaterial absorbers with MEMS resonators brings another research interest in MEMS zero‐power devices and radiation sensors. Furthermore, moving from 2D metasurfaces to 3D metamaterials, enhanced EM properties like novel resonance mode, giant chirality, and 3D manipulation reinforce the application in biochemical and physical sensors as well as functional meta‐devices, paving the way to realize multi‐functional sensing and signal processing on a hybrid smart‐sensor microsystem for booming healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the Internet of Things applications.
Terahertz Biochemical Molecule‐Specific Sensors
Authors: Seo Minah , Park Hyeong‐Ryeol 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) spectrum is the focus of basic research in solid‐state physics, chemistry, and materials science as well as applications in next‐generation communications, far‐infrared bolometer, bio/chemical‐sensing, and medical imaging. This wavelength range is at the intersection between photonics and electronics, presenting tremendous opportunities to boost fundamental light–matter interactions enabled by plasmonic nanostructures, metamaterials, and inherent molecular vibrational modes, which occur on time scales of tens of femtoseconds to picoseconds. Recently, engineered metamaterials have presented unique platforms for sensing applications due to their ability to boost such light–matter interactions on the nanoscale and to their spectral selectivity in a wide range from the mid‐infrared to the THz region. Their resonant response can be tuned to that of the intra‐ and intermolecular vibrational modes of target bio/chemical molecules. The emerging fields of highly sensitive and selective mid‐infrared and THz spectroscopies based on metamaterials and plasmonic nanostructures are reviewed. Furthermore, practical applications of these next generation spectroscopic sensors are also discussed, where the sensor platforms will lead to a great impact in the advancement of ultrasmall‐quantity detection of explosives, nondestructive inspection of hazardous materials, food safety, and conformational dynamics of biomolecules in their aqueous environment.
Quasi‐Harmonic Lattice Dynamics of a Prototypical Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Ryder Matthew R. , Maul Jefferson , Civalleri Bartolomeo , Erba Alessandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuasi‐harmonic lattice‐dynamical calculations are performed to investigate the combined effect of temperature and pressure on the structural and mechanical properties of a prototypical metal–organic framework material: MOF‐5. The softening upon compression of an phonon mode at the Γ point in the high‐symmetry F structure is identified, which leads to a symmetry reduction and a group–subgroup phase transition to a low‐symmetry F phase for compressions larger than 0.8%. The effect of the symmetry reduction on the equation‐of‐state of MOF‐5 is investigated, which provides a static bulk modulus K reducing from 17 to 14 GPa and a corresponding change of (pressure derivative of K) from positive to negative. The effect of pressure on the negative thermal expansion of the framework and on its mechanical response is analyzed. The evolution of the mechanical anisotropy of MOF‐5 as a function of pressure is also determined, which allows identifying the occurrence of a shear‐induced mechanical instability at 0.45 GPa.
Fine‐Tunable and Injectable 3D Hydrogel for On‐Demand Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Hong Ki Hyun , Kim Young‐Min , Song Soo‐Chang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStem‐cell‐based tissue engineering requires increased stem cell retention, viability, and control of differentiation. The use of biocompatible scaffolds encapsulating stem cells typically addresses the first two problems. To achieve control of stem cell fate, fine‐tuned biocompatible scaffolds with bioactive molecules are necessary. However, given that the fine‐tuning of stem cell scaffolds is associated with UV irradiation and in situ scaffold gelation, this process is in conflict with injectability. Herein, a fine‐tunable and injectable 3D hydrogel system is developed with the use of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) bearing β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD PPZ) and two types of adamantane‐peptides (Ad‐peptides) that are associated with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and that serve as stoichiometrically controlled pendants for fine‐tuning. Given that complexation of hosts and guests subject to strict stoichiometric control is achieved with simple mixing, these fabricated hydrogels exhibit well‐aligned, fine‐tuning responses, even in living animals. Injection of MSCs in fine‐tuned hydrogels also results in various chondrogenic differentiation levels at three weeks postinjection. This is attributed to the differential controls of Ad‐peptides, if MSC preconditioning is excluded. Eventually, the fine‐tunable and injectable 3D hydrogel could be applied as platform technology by simply switching the types of peptides bearing adamantane and their stoichiometry.
Li–Ti Cation Mixing Enhanced Structural and Performance Stability of Li‐Rich Layered Oxide
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Zepeng , Shen Xi , Wang Xuelong , Liao Sheng‐Chieh , Yu Richeng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Hu Zhiwei , Chen Chien‐Te , Yu Xiqian , Yang Xiaoqing , Chen Liquan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLi‐rich layered metal oxides are one type of the most promising cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries but suffer from severe voltage decay during cycling because of the continuous transition metal (TM) migration into the Li layers. A Li‐rich layered metal oxide Li1.2Ti0.26Ni0.18Co0.18Mn0.18O2 (LTR) is hereby designed, in which some of the Ti4+ cations are intrinsically present in the Li layers. The native Li–Ti cation mixing structure enhances the tolerance for structural distortion and inhibits the migration of the TM ions in the TMO2 slabs during (de)lithiation. Consequently, LTR exhibits a remarkable cycling stability of 97% capacity retention after 182 cycles, and the average discharge potential drops only 90 mV in 100 cycles. In‐depth studies by electron energy loss spectroscopy and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the Li–Ti mixing structure. The charge compensation mechanism is uncovered with X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and explained with the density function theory calculations. These results show the superiority of introducing transition metal ions into the Li layers in reinforcing the structural stability of the Li‐rich layered metal oxides. These findings shed light on a possible path to the development of Li‐rich materials with better potential retention and a longer lifespan.
The efficacy and safety of two commercial house dust mite extracts for allergic rhinitis: a head‐to‐head study
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Yuying , Yang Yongshi , Huang Nan , Li Wenjing , Zhang Shuchen , Jiang Qing , Yang Lin , Zhu Rongfei 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated the efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis (AR). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 2 commercial HDM extracts in a Chinese AR population.MethodsThis was an open‐label study. HDM‐associated AR patients were randomized into Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) extracts (Alutard SQ; ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark) and Dp/Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extracts (NovoHelisen Depot [NHD]; Allergopharma, Reinbek, Germany) groups. All patients received subcutaneous injections for 1 year, and were followed every 3 months during that 1‐year period. Symptom score, medication score, and adverse reactions were recorded. The primary endpoint was the total combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) during the efficacy evaluation period. Blood samples were taken for specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG4, and IgE‐blocking factor tests at baseline and after the 1‐year treatment.ResultsA total of 230 AR patients were randomized; 29 patients dropped out. Analysis of the primary endpoint demonstrated significant reductions in CSMS of 1.8 vs 3.1 (p < 0.001) in the Alutard group and 1.8 vs 3.3 (p < 0.001) in the NHD group compared with baseline. The 2 groups presented equal effectiveness with regard to CSMS, symptom score, and medication score (p > 0.05). The treatment was well tolerated in both groups; 17 (14.8%) patients experienced systemic reactions (SRs) in the Alutard group and 13 (11.3%) in the NHD group. The rates of SRs showed no difference in the 2 groups (p > 0.05), and no anaphylaxis occurred. IgG4 and IgE‐blocking factor to Dp and Df were increased significantly in both groups after the 1‐year treatment.ConclusionOur study confirmed the equal efficacy and safety profile of both commercial extracts in HDM‐associated AR patients.
Degradation studies of quetiapine fumarate by liquid chromatography–diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry methods
Authors: de Diego Marta , Campos Cristóbal , Correa Diana , Mennickent Sigrid , Godoy Ricardo , Vergara Carola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuetiapine fumarate (QUE) is an antipsychotic agent with a chemical structure that is susceptible to degradation; therefore, it is important to study its stability using appropriate analytical tools. Knowledge of the stability profile of a drug is important because chemical degradation of its active component often results in a loss of potency, affecting its efficacy and safety. This current work reports degradation studies of QUE as drug substance, under different stress conditions such as oxidation, hydrolysis, heat, humidity and photolysis, by a stability‐indicating LC method. The chemical stability was evaluated using a simple HPLC/diode array detection method, with a core‐shell C18 column under isocratic conditions, which allows the separation of all primary degradation products (DPs) in a short run time. QUE was mainly degraded under oxidative and hydrolytic conditions, with the formation of three and two DPs, respectively, which were identified by electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was properly validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness and quantitation limit. Commercial tablets containing 25 mg of QUE were quantified, with results obtained within the United States Pharmacopeia limits. The proposed method is suitable to assess the stability and perform routine analysis of QUE in pharmaceutical samples.
Psychological and physiological effects of viewing a money plant by older adults
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Qibing Chen , Yinggao Liu , Tao Jiang , Li Guo , Jiang Mingyan , Nian Li , Bing‐Yang Lv 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundObserving plants can induce neurophysiological responses that can alleviate stress and reduce anxiety. However, few studies have examined such effects in older adults.MethodsThe physiological and psychological effects of observing nature (visual observation of a money plant) on 50 older Chinese women (age range: 58–90 years, SD: 8.5 years) were investigated. The participants observed a healthy money plant in a planter for 5 min; the lack of presence of a plant was used as a control. Physiological measurements were assessed using electroencephalography, and the STAI was used as a psychological assessment.ResultsAfter a 5‐min observation of a money plant as compared with the control condition, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased, variations in both high alpha and high beta brainwaves were found, and psychological measurements revealed lower anxiety scores.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that viewing a money plant for 5 min may enhance both psychological and physiological relaxation in older adults.
Patient‐based prediction algorithm of relapse after allo‐HSCT for acute Leukemia and its usefulness in the decision‐making process using a machine learning approach
Authors: Fuse Kyoko , Uemura Shun , Tamura Suguru , Suwabe Tatsuya , Katagiri Takayuki , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Ushiki Takashi , Shibasaki Yasuhiko , Sato Naoko , Yano Toshio , Kuroha Takashi , Hashimoto Shigeo , Furukawa Tatsuo , Narita Miwako , Sone Hirohito , Masuko Masayoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a curative therapy for high‐risk acute leukemia (AL), some patients still relapse. Since patients simultaneously have many prognostic factors, difficulties are associated with the construction of a patient‐based prediction algorithm of relapse. The alternating decision tree (ADTree) is a successful classification method that combines decision trees with the predictive accuracy of boosting. It is a component of machine learning (ML) and has the capacity to simultaneously analyze multiple factors. Using ADTree, we attempted to construct a prediction model of leukemia relapse within 1 year of transplantation. With the model of training data (n = 148), prediction accuracy, the AUC of ROC, and the κ‐statistic value were 78.4%, 0.746, and 0.508, respectively. The false positive rate (FPR) of the relapse prediction was as low as 0.134. In an evaluation of the model with validation data (n = 69), prediction accuracy, AUC, and FPR of the relapse prediction were similar at 71.0%, 0.667, and 0.216, respectively. These results suggest that the model is generalized and highly accurate. Furthermore, the output of ADTree may visualize the branch point of treatment. For example, the selection of donor types resulted in different relapse predictions. Therefore, clinicians may change treatment options by referring to the model, thereby improving outcomes. The present results indicate that ML, such as ADTree, will contribute to the decision‐making process in the diversified allo‐HSCT field and be useful for preventing the relapse of leukemia.
Continuous‐Flow Di‐N‐Alkylation of 1H‐Benzimidazole in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Sauk Tobias , Henke Laurids , Xiao Chunyu , Hartig Dave , Scholl Stephan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new process for a continuous‐flow di‐N‐alkylation of 1H‐benzimidazole to 1H‐benzimidazole‐3‐ium iodide by methylene iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate in a fixed‐bed reactor is presented. The synthesis was transferred from batch to continuous operation with similar yields and conversion rates. Moreover, the influence of temperature and residence time in the continuous flow setup was characterized; optimized conditions led to a doubling of yield. In addition, the continuous flow allowed for a better control of the two‐step reaction by adding an additional tube reactor after the fixed bed that further enhanced the overall performance. With this, the continuous‐flow system presented itself as superior due to higher available temperatures and a better controllability.
Effects of the Hydrogen Bonding Network on Electrophilic Activation and Electrode Passivation: Electrochemical Chlorination and Bromination of Aromatics
Authors: Chen Bocheng , Yang Yi , Yang Yuhao , Liu Shiwen , Chen Qianjin , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have developed an environmentally friendly electrocatalytic protocol for the chlorination and bromination of electron‐rich arenes and aromatic boronic acids. The hydrogen bonding network generated from hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and AcOH plays a vital role in the activation of halogen electrophiles generated electrochemically. The hydrogen bonding network also plays an essential role in the reduction of electrode passivation.
Synthesis and Applications of Graphene/Iron(III) Oxide Composites
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Guo Xiaotian , Yang Biao , Wang Sibo , Liu Yong , Yao Hang , Liu Chun‐Sen , Pang Huan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) has attracted great attention, owing to its abundant natural resources, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Nevertheless, this material possesses an inferior rate capability and a cycle stability that is similar to most transition metal oxides. Graphene, with a one‐atom‐thick 2D structure, possesses superior mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and stability, and excellent electrical and electrochemical behaviors. The hierarchical structure of graphene/Fe2O3 composites provides a porous conductive network, close contact between the graphene and Fe2O3, a stress buffer space for charge transport, and superior structural stability. This composite consists of high conductivity graphene with interconnected Fe2O3, thus exposing abundant active sites for redox reactions and providing sufficient contacts with the electrolyte. Consequently, materials composed of Fe2O3 and graphene have been widely explored, owing to their outstanding synergistic effects. Graphene can effectively limit the volume expansion and agglomeration of Fe2O3, whereas Fe2O3 can prevent the re‐stacking of graphene at the same time. This article mainly discusses the preparation of Fe2O3/graphene materials and their applications, including supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, catalysis, and so forth. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Fe2O3/graphene materials for different applications are also discussed.