bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-adapted electroretinograms of eyes with cataract recorded using the HE-2000 system before and after mydriasis
Authors: Chiku Yoshiaki , Hirano Takao , Ito Shun , Akahane Keita , Murata Toshinori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of the non-mydriatic mode of the HE-2000 electroretinogram (ERG) by comparing photopic ERGs of non-mydriatic versus dilated eyes.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients with grade 2 cataracts between January and July 2022. Photopic ERGs were recorded using the HE-2000 system in mydriatic eyes, using a standard 3 cd·s/m2 flashing stimulus, and non-mydriatic eyes, using the non-mydriatic mode with a 10 cd·s/m2 stimulus. Amplitudes and implicit times of the a-wave, b-wave, and flicker ERG were compared between both conditions using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations between these parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Results
In 54 eyes of 27 participants, the b-wave and flicker ERG amplitudes were significantly lower in non-dilated eyes than in dilated ones, with prolonged implicit times in the former (p < 0.0001). Despite these differences, b-wave and flicker ERG amplitudes and implicit times strongly correlated between dilated and non-dilated eyes (p < 0.01). However, the a-wave amplitude was more variable and less reliably measured in non-dilated eyes.
Conclusion
The HE-2000 system can produce clinically useful ERG recordings in non-dilated eyes, particularly for b-waves and flicker responses. Further validation under non-mydriatic conditions is necessary to establish its clinical utility.
ОПАСНОСТИ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ («МНОГО... ЛЕЖИТ ПЕСКОВ СЫПУЧИХ ПОД КИРЕНОЮ, СИЛЬФИЕМ ПОРОСШЕЙ...»)
Authors: Л.Л. СЕЛИВАНОВА 
Published: October 2024

Ни одно общество, включая постиндустриальное, не может существовать вне природно-географической среды. Сложный комплекс различных факторов (температура, влажность, атмосферное давление, ветры, рельеф местности, состояние почв, наличие воды, лесных ресурсов, полезных ископаемых и многое другое) создаёт природно-климатические условия для выживания как отдельного человека, так и социума в целом. Изменения природы (естественные и антропогенные) влекут за собой дестабилизирующие явления, которые могут быть негативными (такими, как ухудшение климата, стихийные бедствия, эпидемии, голод) и позитивными (включая улучшение условий жизни общества). Экологические вызовы и само выживание человечества становятся особенно актуальными в новом тысячелетии в контексте продолжающейся глобализации. В главе поднимается вопрос о взаимоотношениях человека и природы в древности на основе источников о Кирене VI в. до н.э. – I в. н.э. Применяя междисциплинарный подход к соответствующим письменным и материальным свидетельствам, автор рассматривает, как и почему открытие растения, известного как сильфий, способствовало росту процветания Киренаики, что, в итоге, привело к её экологическому дисбалансу, особое внимание при этом уделяя роли, которую сыграли цивилизация и варварский мир в этой древней экологической катастрофе.
No society, including post-industrial society, can exist outside the natural-geographical environment. A complex set of various factors (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, natural terrain, soil conditions, availability of water, forest resources, minerals and many more) creates natural-climatic conditions for the survival of both an individual and society as a whole. Changes in nature (natural and anthropogenic) entail destabilizing phenomena, which can be negative (such as climate deterioration, disasters, epidemics, famine) and positive (including improvement of society’s living conditions). Ecological challenges and the very survival of mankind become particularly relevant issues in the context of the ongoing globalization in the new millennium. The chapter raises the question of man’s relationship with nature in antiquity based on sources about Cyrene in the sixth century B.C. – the first century A.D. Applying an interdisciplinary approach to corresponding written and material evidence, the author considers how and why the discovery of the plant known as silphium led to the rise of Cyrenaica’s prosperity, eventually causing its ecological disbalance, with the focus on the roles played by civilization and the barbarian world in that ancient ecological disaster.
ВАРВАРСТВО НОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ: РАБОТОРГОВЛЯ И АБОЛИЦИОНИСТСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ В БРИТАНИИ
Authors: М.П. АЙЗЕНШТАТ 
Published: October 2024

Великие географические открытия положили начало важной эпохи в мировой истории, связанной с непосредственными и отдаленными последствиями встречи европейцев с культурой коренного населения Америки и Африки, а затем Австралии, обитатели которых адаптировались к их ландшафту, климату и природе. Европейцы захватывали земли, эмигранты из Европы основывали колонии, занялись земледелием. В Карибском бассейне и в южных регионах Америки из-за сложившихся благоприятных климатических условий началось выращивание сахара, хлопка, табака. Потребность плантаций в рабочих руках торговцы удовлетворяли за счет транспортировки с западного побережья Африки чернокожих рабов. В XVIIIв. британцы заняли лидирующие позиции в работорговле. И именно в Британии зародилось аболиционистское движение, которое поэтапно добилось успеха: сначала запрета работорговли, а впоследствии — рабовладения в Британских колониях.
The great geographical discoveries marked the beginning of a new important milestone in world history, associated with the immediate and long-term consequences of the meeting of Europeans with the culture of the indigenous peoples of America and Africa, and then Australia, whose inhabitants adapted to their landscape, climate and nature. Europeans seized their lands, emigrants from Europe founded colonies and engaged in agriculture. In the Caribbean and in the southern regions of America, due to the prevailing favorable climatic conditions, the cultivation of sugar, cotton, and tobacco began. Traders satisfied the plantation's need for workers by transporting black slaves from the west coast of Africa. In the 18th century, the British took a leading position in the slave trade. And it was in Britain that the abolitionist movement was born, which gradually achieved success: first, the prohibition of the slave trade, and later — slavery in the British colonies.
ОБЩИЕ ЧЕРТЫ В АПОЛОГИЯХ ЛАТИНОЯЗЫЧНЫХ АФРИКАНЦЕВ
Authors: И.В. ХОРЬКОВА 
Published: October 2024

В главе разбираются апологии латиноязычных африканцев, то есть христианских авторов, происходивших из римской провинции Африка и писавших свои сочинения на латинском языке, — Тертуллиана, Арнобия, Лактанция и Аврелия Августина. Исследование показывает, что полемические части их сочинений содержат параллельные пассажи, представляющие собой информационные блоки, наличие которых обусловлено общей для этих апологетов источниковой базой. Однако общее в апологетических сочинениях латино-язычных африканцев не сводится единственно к использованию одних и тех же информационных блоков, но проявляется также в широком применении полемических приемов, усвоенных в процессе обучения риторике, различных тропов и фигур речи. De jure являясь римскими гражданами, наши авторы de facto не чувствуют себя таковыми. Кроме противостояния христиане — язычники в апологиях отчетливо прослеживается и другой антагонизм: провинциалы (варвары) — римляне.
The chapter explores the apologies of Latin-speaking Africans, that is, Christian authors born in the Roman province of Africa and wrote their works in Latin, — Tertullian, Arnobius, Lactantius and Aurelius Augustine. The study shows that the polemical parts of their writings contain parallel passages, which are information blocks, the presence of which is due to the source base common to these apologists. However, common in the apologetic writings of Latin-speaking Africans does not boil down only to the use of the same information blocks, but is also manifested in the wide application of polemical techniques learned in the process of studying rhetoric, various tropes and figures of speech. De jure being Roman citizens, our authors de facto do not feel like Roman citizens. In addition to confrontation Christians — pagans in apologies clearly traces another antagonism: provincials (barbarians) — Romans.
Simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from a steel company wastewater using various green adsorbents: Material characterization and numerical optimization
Authors: Mohadesi Majid , Samimi Mohsen , Chahardoli Fatemeh , Kasaie Mahammad Reza , Gouran Ashkan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the simultaneous uptake of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater by walnut shell (WS), almond shell (AS), peanut shell (PS), and coconut shell (CS) adsorbents. Among the used adsorbents, the CS adsorbent exhibited the greatest BET surface area of 18.97 m2/g and porosity of 63.17% and the WS adsorbent also had the highest pore volume of 0.3536 m3/g. Lead and chromium removal were optimized using response surface methodology via a central composite design (CCD) approach. The efficiency of lead and chromium uptake from the wastewater was enhanced by increasing the concentration of WS, AS, PS, and CS adsorbents (Cads.) and decreasing the flow rate (Q) of the wastewater. Under the optimal conditions (Cads. = 0.85 g/L and Q = 2.5 mL/min), the maximum lead and chromium uptake from steel company wastewater was achieved using CS (92%) and WS (97.2%) adsorbents, respectively. The actual lead and chromium removal values were well-fitted based on a high Rpred2, confirming the validity of the CCD model. The acceptable performance of these green adsorbents in the simultaneous removal of chromium and lead from the wastewater introduces the WS, AS, PS, and CS adsorbents as inexpensive and available candidates for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals.
Forest ecosystem services of water-related filtration and regulation, a multi-source assessment and economic valuation in Mangla watershed
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Haider Fanoos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Watershed forests offer crucial ecosystem services for hydrological systems. This study provides comprehensive insights into sediment retention within the Mangla watershed. We analyzed spatial layers from Sentinel-2 imagery, land use data, weather, soil properties, and terrain characteristics to identify soil erosion and sediment delivery hotspots. Using the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs-sediment delivery ratio (InVEST-SDR) model, we quantified sediment exported to the downstream Mangla Dam. The InVEST-sediment retention (InVEST-SR) model estimated the sediment retention capacity of various land cover types. Our findings show that forests retained 20,300.70 tons of sediment in 2017 and 29,887.60 tons in 2021, making them the primary source of sediment retention. The economic value of this ecosystem service was approximately USD 2.59 trillion for 973,168.51 ha of forest in 2017 and USD 4.02 trillion for 1,023,927 ha in 2021. Understanding the dynamics and economic value of this forest ecosystem service at a large watershed scale provides essential insights for decision-making and conservation efforts aimed at protecting water resources and ecological integrity.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and meaningful learning in BGU students
Authors: Zambrano-Vélez María Fernanda , Sesme-Zambrano Cruz María , Mendoza-Rodríguez Katiuska Maribel , Cedeño María Gabriela Lara , Zambrano Linda Gabriela Barreto 
Published: October 2024

The research called the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning styles in educational centers. Its objective was to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence and meaningful learning in BGU students from the “Manta” Educational Unit in the province of Manabí. A quantitative, qualitative, and descriptive approach was adopted to generate information based on the results obtained during the Bar-On ICE: abbreviated NA questionnaire implementation. The following hypotheses were tested: Ha = There are important differences in significant learning between the students who show evidence of having developed emotional intelligence and those who have not. Ho = There are no important differences in significant learning between the students who show evidence of having developed emotional intelligence and those who have not.
Empowering Social Growth Through Virtual Reality–Based Intervention for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong Ka Po , Zhang Bohan , Lai Cynthia Yuen Yi , Xie Yao Jie , Li Yan , Li Chen , Qin Jing 
Published: October 2024

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) usually begins in childhood and is often accompanied by impairments in social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an adjunctive tool to embed in social skills training to enhance the social skills of children with ADHD, but its effectiveness requires further investigation.

Objective
This study aims to enhance the social skills of children with ADHD by examining the feasibility and effectiveness of VR-based training in comparison to traditional social skills training.

Methods
A 3-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted with 90 children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 weeks of 12-session VR-based social skills training, traditional social skills training, or a waitlist control group of equivalent duration. Outcome measures included assessments by a clinical psychologist who was blinded to group assignments, the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scale, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, conducted at baseline and after the intervention.

Results
The preliminary results support the feasibility and acceptability of VR training for children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Analysis showed that the VR and traditional social skills training groups experienced a statistically significant improvement in the clinical psychologist assessment of social skills and parent-rated self-control, initiative, and emotional control after the intervention compared with baseline. The VR group performed significantly better than the traditional social skills group on social skills assessed by clinical psychologists (F2,85=76.77; P<.001) and on parent-rated self-control (F2,85=18.77; P<.001), initiative (F2,85=11.93; P<.001), and emotional control (F2,85=17.27; P<.001). No significant between-group differences were found for parent-rated cooperation and inhibition (all P>.05).

Conclusions
The findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility and superior effectiveness of VR-based social skills training compared to traditional approaches for enhancing social skills and related executive functions in children with ADHD. These results suggest that VR may be a valuable tool to embed within social skills interventions for this population. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts and generalizability of these benefits.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05778526; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05778526

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/48208
Analisis Penurunan Dan Tekanan Air Pori Berlebih Pasca PVD Berdasarkan Data Settlement Plate Dan Piezometer
Authors: Laili Larissa Adwitya , Chrismaningwang Galuh , Surjandari Niken Silmi , Ardhana Pria 
Published: October 2024

Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) yaitu sistem drainase buatan yang dipasang ke dalam lapisan tanah lunak dan sebuah elemen yang digunakan untuk mempercepat proses konsolidasi tanah lunak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar perbedaan penurunan antara perhitungan empiris, pemodelan dengan Plaxis dan data aktual berdasarkan instrumen settlement plate, serta mengetahui besar perbedaan nilai tekanan air pori berlebih antara pemodelan dengan Plaxis dan data aktual berdasarkan olah data CPTu dan data piezometer. Analisis empiris konsolidasi pada tanah menggunakan metode konsolidasi satu dimensi Terzaghi, dan analisis numeris menggunakan software PLAXIS 2D V8.6. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tanah pada Proyek reklamasi salah satu pantai utara Jakarta. Hasil nilai penurunan dengan analisis menggunakan Plaxis maupun hasil empiris menunjukkan perbedaan yang relatif kecil dibandingkan dengan pengukuran lapangan. Perbedaan terbesar antara pengukuran lapangan dan analisis Plaxis adalah 1,67%, sedangkan perbedaan terbesar antara pengukuran lapangan dan hasil empiris adalah 0,26%. Hasil analisis tekanan air pori berlebih pada 7m dan 12m dari data CPTu dibandingkan bacaan piezometer memiliki perbedaan terbesar 4,5%, tetapi hasil output dari Plaxis jika dibandingkan dengan bacaan piezometer menunjukkan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan yaitu sebesar 57,98%.
Digital Nomadism: Trends of European Labor Migration in Low-Cost Countries
Authors: Habibilla Akbar Fasya , Fahadayna Adhi Cahya 
Published: October 2024

Work activities are becoming increasingly mobile as a result of advancements in information technology. European productivity is changing to more flexible work approaches with internet processes. Many productive-age citizens from European countries with high living costs engage in digital nomadism activities. This research aims to explore the pull and push factors of the digital nomadism process and determine the motives for digital nomadism activities carried out by Europeans. Using netnography analysis tools and qualitative approaches, researchers are attempting to determine what factors influence and how European workers carry out digital nomadic activity patterns in Madeira, Portugal. As a result, researchers bring forth the descriptive outcomes of the analysis. In this article, researchers conclude that digital nomadism is a practice or, more accurately, a new way of life mostly practiced by remote workers with flexible work schedules. The idea of work-life balance is equally important to digital nomads. The growth of digital platforms that increasingly enable work to be done online drives the development of digital nomadism activities. This article will also go into greater detail on several pulls and push elements, as well as numerous issues about activities for digital nomads.
Searching for an Optimal Model for the Renewal of the Constitutional Court to Avoid a Constitutional Crisis: Dream or Reality?*
Authors: Miliuvienė Jolita 
Published: October 2024

The failed renewal of the Constitutional Court in Lithuania was not the first in Europe, and will not be the last. The appointment of constitutional judges, usually undertaken with the involvement of the political institutions, became a very sensitive issue closely linked to their independence. After a sequence of unsuccessful attempts to renew the composition of constitutional courts, some states fall into a deep democratic backsliding, while some take the initiative to reform the existing appointment procedure, seeking to prevent the politicisation of constitutional control institutions. A universal and standardised one-size-fits-all model does not exist, as each particular national context must be considered. However, certain lessons are to be learned and certain pitfalls to be avoided. Constitutional courts must correspond to the criteria of the tribunal established by law, as disclosed in international jurisprudence. For this purpose, the proper law is needed. This article analyses the advantages and shortcomings of some elements of the proposed and partly realised Slovak reform on the appointment of constitutional judges that Lithuania and other states could benefit from. This allows for the conclusion that the explicit criterion of professional reputation might prevent arbitrary nominations and ensure that the best judge for the court and the society would be appointed. Contrary to most convictions, a larger majority in the Parliament is not necessary to keep this procedure in line with the principle of the rule of law. The only requirement is that the law must be clear, unambiguous and provide for the steps to be taken if the rotation fails.
Perangkat Pembelajaran Terintegrasi Etnomatematika Permainan Tradisional untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis
Authors: Devian Lora , Ahmad Fauzan  , Syafri Ahmad  , Melva Zainil  , Nevi Novelita  
Published: October 2024

Pemahaman konsep matematis belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari konsep matematika. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran terintegrasi etnomatematika permainan tradisional. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp dengan tiga tahap. Subjek dalam peineilitian peingeimbangan ini meilipuiti validator instruimein; validator ahli (2 ahli mateiri, 1 ahli bahasa, dan 1 ahli buidaya); guru sebagai ahli praktisi; peiseirta didik keilas III di tiga seikolah dasar. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, anget dan tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yaitu lembar kuesiner dan soal tes. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian yaitu pertama, hasil validasi dari para ahli dengan kategori sangat valid. Kedua, hasil praktikalitas peserta didik dengan kategori sangat praktis. Ketiga, hasil praktikalitas guru dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil uji-t menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh LKPD terintegrasi etnomatematika pada materi operasi hitung bilangan cacah terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis pada peserta didik kelas III SD. Disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran terintegrasi etnomatematika pada materi operasional hitung bilangan cacah sangat valid dan sangat praktis untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik kelas III sekolah dasar.

Kata kunci: Perangkat Pembelajaran, Terintegrasi Etnomatematika, Pemahaman Konsep
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SPEECH THERAPISTS AND TEACHERS IN ARMENIA AND BEYOND
Authors: Kalfayan Ashekian Taline 
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research project is to present a comprehensive examination of the disparities in continuous professional development (CPD) for speech therapists and teachers. The consequences for service quality and professional standards within these two critical disciplines will be the primary focus of the analysis. As mandated by the regulatory framework, teachers in Armenia, for example, must participate in continuing professional development (CPD) programs to maintain their professional qualifications. On the other hand, speech therapists are not subject to the same responsibilities, which causes significant differences between the two professions in terms of the development of skills and the ongoing of their education. This study compares the consequences of several continuing professional development requirements, shared professional practices, and relevant government laws. A critical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative pros and cons of mandating continuing professional development (CPD) for speech therapists is conducted. To support this review, empirical evidence has been gathered via interviews with important stakeholders and a comprehensive study of the present accessible knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need for a more organized and coherent continuous professional development (CPD) framework particularly designed for speech therapists, that conforms with the professional development policies set for teachers, and that is more consistent. Additionally, this research offers specific recommendations that are designed to enhance legislative structures to increase the opportunities for continuing professional development (CPD) in both professions. The suggested projects are meant to improve the quality of services and professional knowledge in speech therapy as well as to guarantee that every professional working in Armenian educational and therapeutic environments satisfies high criteria of competence. The communities they serve will eventually gain from this. This will be achieved by fostering a culture of ongoing professional development.