bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac microtubules in health and heart disease
Authors: Caporizzo Matthew A , Chen Christina Yingxian , Prosser Benjamin L 
Published: August 2019

Cardiomyocytes are large (∼40,000 µm3), rod-shaped muscle cells that provide the working force behind each heartbeat. These highly structured cells are packed with dense cytoskeletal networks that can be divided into two groups—the contractile (i.e. sarcomeric) cytoskeleton that consists of filamentous actin-myosin arrays organized into myofibrils, and the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton, which is composed of β- and γ-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Together, microtubules and intermediate filaments form a cross-linked scaffold, and these networks are responsible for the delivery of intracellular cargo, the transmission of mechanical signals, the shaping of membrane systems, and the organization of myofibrils and organelles. Microtubules are extensively altered as part of both adaptive and pathological cardiac remodeling, which has diverse ramifications for the structure and function of the cardiomyocyte. In heart failure, the proliferation and post-translational modification of the microtubule network is linked to a number of maladaptive processes, including the mechanical impediment of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. This raises the possibility that reversing microtubule alterations could improve cardiac performance, yet therapeutic efforts will strongly benefit from a deeper understanding of basic microtubule biology in the heart. The aim of this review is to summarize the known physiological roles of the cardiomyocyte microtubule network, the consequences of its pathological remodeling, and to highlight the open and intriguing questions regarding cardiac microtubules.Impact statementAdvancements in cell biological and biophysical approaches and super-resolution imaging have greatly broadened our view of tubulin biology over the last decade. In the heart, microtubules and microtubule-based transport help to organize and maintain key structures within the cardiomyocyte, including the sarcomere, intercalated disc, protein clearance machinery and transverse-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. It has become increasingly clear that post translational regulation of microtubules is a key determinant of their sub-cellular functionality. Alterations in microtubule network density, stability, and post-translational modifications are hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling, and modified microtubules can directly impede cardiomyocyte contractile function in various forms of heart disease. This review summarizes the functional roles and multi-leveled regulation of the cardiac microtubule cytoskeleton and highlights how refined experimental techniques are shedding mechanistic clarity on the regionally specified roles of microtubules in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Correlation between hemolytic profile and phylotype of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and orthopedic implant infection
Authors: Lee Julia , Greenwood Quaintance Kerryl E , Schuetz Audrey N , Shukla Dave R , Cofield Robert H , Sperling John W , Patel Robin , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Cutibacterium acnes is a recognized culprit for implant-associated infections, but positive cultures do not always indicate clinically relevant infection. Studies have shown a correlation between the β-hemolytic phenotype of C. acnes and its infectious capacity, but correlation with genetic phylotype has not been performed in literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate β-hemolysis phenotype, genetic phylotype, and mid-term clinical outcomes of C. acnes isolated from orthopedic surgical sites. Methods Fifty-four C. acnes isolates previously obtained from surgical wounds of patients undergoing hip, knee, shoulder, or spine implant removal were re-cultured. There were 21 females and 33 males with an average age of 59 years (range, 18–84). Twenty-four were from clinically infected sites whereas 30 were considered contaminants. De novo β-hemolysis was analyzed and a retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes at 7.1 years (range, 0.1–12.8). Results On Brucella agar with 5% rabbit blood, 46% of contaminant and 43% of infectious isolates were hemolytic. Type II phylotype was significantly more nonhemolytic regardless of infectious or contaminant status (p < 0.05). Type 1B correlated with a hemolytic-infectious phenotype and Type 1A with a hemolytic-contaminant phenotype but was not statistically significant. Conclusion The β-hemolytic profile of C. acnes did not correlate with phylotype or clinically relevant orthopedic infection.
A cadaveric study of the three different palpation-guided techniques for glenohumeral joint injections
Authors: Borbas Paul , Eid Karim , Ek Eugene T , Ricks Matthew , Feigl Georg , Jeserschek Julian M 
Published: August 2019

Background It is not known whether an anterior, posterior or superior approach using the Neviaser portal is more accurate for glenohumeral joint injections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the palpation-guided technique and compare the three different approaches. Methods Palpation-guided glenohumeral joint injections were performed in 48 shoulders (24 cadavers) by two operators. Each shoulder was injected by three different approaches with a different coloured latex solution. The three approaches included the anterior, posterior and superior methods. The accuracy and location of unsuccessful injections were assessed through dissection of the shoulders. Results Posterior injections were the most successful with an accuracy rate of 89.6%, followed by anterior injections (75%) and superior injections (54.2%). Both posterior ( p = 0.0001) and anterior injections ( p = 0.03) were statistically significantly more accurate than superior injections. The most common failure mode was an intratendinous or intramuscular injection, which occurred most frequently with a superior approach. Conclusions Use of a superior approach through the Neviaser portal for the palpation-guided technique for glenohumeral joint injections showed a statistically significant inferior accuracy when compared to both the posterior and anterior approaches and is therefore not recommended. Posterior approached injections were the most accurate.
Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087
Authors: Chen Robert , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Lee Hun Ju , Armand Philippe , Johnson Nathalie A. , Brice Pauline , Radford John , Ribrag Vincent , Molin Daniel , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Tomita Akihiro , von Tresckow Bastian , Shipp Margaret A. , Lin Jianxin , Kim Eunhee , Nahar Akash , Balakumaran Arun , Moskowitz Craig H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chen and colleagues report excellent durability of response at 2 years for patients responding to pembrolizumab for relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma.
Testosterone and Estrone Increase From the Age of 70 Years: Findings From the Sex Hormones in Older Women Study
Authors: Davis Susan R , Bell Robin J , Robinson Penelope J , Handelsman David J , Gilbert Tom , Phung James , Desai Reena , Lockery Jessica E , Woods Robyn L , Wolfe Rory S , Reid Christopher M , Nelson Mark R , Murray Anne M , McNeil John J ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
There is a lack of understanding of what is normal in terms of sex steroid levels in older women.

Objective
To determine whether sex steroid levels vary with age in and establish reference ranges for women >70 years of age.

Design and Setting
Cross-sectional, community-based study.

Participants
Included 6392 women ≥70 years of age.

Main Outcome Measures
Sex steroids measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A reference group, to establish sex steroid age-specific reference ranges, excluded women using systemic or topical sex steroid, antiandrogen or glucocorticoid therapy, or an antiglycemic agent.

Results
The reference group of 5326 women had a mean age of 75.1 (±4.2) years, range of 70 to 94.7 years. Median values (range) were 181.2 pmol/L (3.7 to 5768.9) for estrone (E1), 0.38 nmol/L (0.035 to 8.56) for testosterone (T), 2.60 nmol/L (0.07 to 46.85) for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and 41.6 nmol/L (2.4 to 176.6) for SHBG. Estradiol and DHT were below method sensitivity in 66.1% and 72.7% of the samples, respectively. Compared with women aged 70 to 74 years, women aged ≥85 years had higher median levels of E1 (11.7%, P = 0.01), T (11.3%, P = 0.02), and SHBG (22.7%, P < 0.001) and lower DHEA (30% less, P < 0.001). Women with overweight and obesity had higher E1 (P < 0.001) and T (P < 0.03) and lower SHBG (P < 0.001) than did women with normal body mass index. Smokers had 17.2% higher median T levels (P = 0.005).

Conclusion
From the age of 70 years, T and E1 increase with age, despite a steady decline in DHEA. Whether E1 and T are biomarkers for longevity or contribute to healthy aging merits investigation.
Medicaid Use among Older Low-Income Medicare Enrollees in California and Texas: A Tale of Two States
Authors: Angel Jacqueline L. , Angel Ronald J. , Cantu Phillip 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Context: States face increasing Medicaid expenditures largely as a result of growing dual-eligible populations. In this article we examine self-reported community-based Medicaid participation among Medicare recipients 65 and older in California and Texas, with a particular focus on the older Mexican-origin population.
Methods: We use six waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) covering the period from 1993–94 to 2010–11.
Findings: The data reveal relatively high Medicaid participation rates by older individuals of Mexican origin, but significant differences between the two states. At baseline, 30% of older Mexican-origin Medicare beneficiaries in California reported receiving Medicaid compared to 41% in Texas.
Conclusions: Despite California's more liberal eligibility criteria, community-dwelling Texans were more likely than Californians to report coverage at some point during the 17-year follow-up. Our data, as well as administrative data, reveal that California classifies nearly all of its community-dwelling Medicaid recipients as “full duals,” meaning that they receive full benefits, whereas Texas is more likely to classify similarly poor and disabled individuals as “partial duals,” meaning that they receive less coverage, thereby lowering overall program expenditures. Cost containment strategies that restrict access may be especially consequential for vulnerable Hispanic populations.
PI3Kβ is selectively required for growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis
Authors: Salloum Gilbert , Jakubik Charles T. , Erami Zahra , Heitz Samantha D. , Bresnick Anne R. , Backer Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent but clathrin-independent endocytic process by which cells nonselectively take up large aliquots of extracellular material. Macropinocytosis is used for immune surveillance by dendritic cells, as a route of infection by viruses and protozoa, and as a nutrient uptake pathway in tumor cells. In this study, we explore the role of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) during ligand-stimulated macropinocytosis. We find that macropinocytosis in response to receptor tyrosine kinase activation is strikingly dependent on a single class I PI3K isoform, namely PI3Kβ (containing the p110β catalytic subunit encoded by PIK3CB). Loss of PI3Kβ expression or activity blocks macropinocytosis at early steps, before the formation of circular dorsal ruffles, but also plays a role in later steps, downstream from Rac1 activation. PI3Kβ is also required for the elevated levels of constitutive macropinocytosis found in tumor cells that are defective for the PTEN tumor suppressor. Our data shed new light on PI3K signaling during macropinocytosis, and suggest new therapeutic uses for pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kβ.
Bibliotheksstärkungsgesetz: Schwache Stärke - starke Schwäche!
Authors: Meyeringh Uwe 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Wer ein Haus baut, fängt mit dem Keller an. Das Bibliotheksstärkungsgesetz schraubt am Dach, dabei werden entscheidende Probleme der Statik ausgeblendet. Dennoch hat es eine Stärke: Es erfasst das sich stetig verbreiternde Spektrum der bibliothekarischen Tätigkeiten und stellt Landesmittel hierfür in Aussicht. Die wesentliche Schwäche des Bibliotheksstärkungsgesetzes besteht darin, die Sonntagsruhe der Beschäftigten zur Disposition zu stellen.
Kein Sonntag ohne Stadtbibliothek!
Authors: Lison Barbara 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Öffentlichen Bibliotheken unseres Landes gehören zu den am meisten genutzten kommunalen Kultureinrichtungen. Dabei umfassen die Dienstleistungen der Stadtbibliotheken längst mehr als die Ausleihe von Büchern. Zunehmend fungieren Bibliotheken als sogenannte „Dritte Orte“, also offene und freundliche Orte für die Lebensgestaltung außerhalb des Wohn- und Arbeitsumfeldes. Dieses breite Aufgabenspektrum erfordert natürlich, dass die Öffnungszeiten der Bibliotheken den Bedarfen und Lebensumständen der Bevölkerung angepasst sein müssen. Zahlreiche Projekte und Initiativen zur Öffnung Öffentlicher Bibliotheken an Sonntagen sprechen für sich und belegen die Notwendigkeit von Anpassungen.
Warum das „Wohnzimmer der Stadt“ gerade sonntags geöffnet sein sollte. Ein Standpunkt zur Sonntagsöffnung der öffentlichen Bibliotheken
Authors: Borbach-Jaene Johannes 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der derzeitigen Gesetzeslage dürfen öffentliche Bibliotheken an Sonntagen nicht öffnen. Ein Gesetzesentwurf der nordrhein-westfälischen Landesregierung, der die Sonntagsöffnung ermöglichen soll, hat das Thema nun erneut auf die Agenda gebracht. Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den Veränderungen in der Nutzung der öffentlichen Bibliotheken und was diese mit der Sonntagsöffnung zu tun haben. Daraus folgt, dass die Sonntagsöffnung einer der nächsten logischen Schritte bei der Weiterentwicklung der öffentlichen Bibliotheken in der digitalen Gesellschaft sein wird.
A study on discrete and discrete fractional pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics models for tumor growth and anti-cancer effects
Authors: Atıcı Ferhan M. , Atıcı Mustafa , Nguyen Ngoc , Zhoroev Tilekbek , Koch Gilbert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study the discrete and discrete fractional representation of a pharmacokinetics - pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) model describing tumor growth and anti-cancer effects in continuous time considering a time scale

h

ℕ

0
h

$h\mathbb{N}_0^h$

, where h > 0. Since the measurements of the tumor volume in mice were taken daily, we consider h = 1 and obtain the model in discrete time (i.e. daily). We then continue with fractionalizing the discrete nabla operator to obtain the model as a system of nabla fractional difference equations. The nabla fractional difference operator is considered in the sense of Riemann-Liouville definition of the fractional derivative. In order to solve the fractional discrete system analytically we state and prove some theorems in the theory of discrete fractional calculus. For the data fitting purpose, we use a new developed method which is known as an improved version of the partial sum method to estimate the parameters for discrete and discrete fractional models. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to incorporate uncertainty/noise into the model. We employ both frequentist approach and Bayesian method to construct 90 percent confidence intervals for the parameters. Lastly, for the purpose of practicality, we test the discrete models for their efficiency and illustrate their current limitations for application.
Conceptualisation of Lewis structures by chemistry majors
Authors: Sandi-Urena Santiago , Loría Cambronero Giovanni , Jinesta Chaves Dayanna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLewis structures are the simplest model for students to communicate chemical information using chemical symbolic language. Thus, competence in Lewis structures is essential to progress in the study of chemistry. Proposals on how to teach/learn Lewis structures with inert rules abound, nonetheless, scant related educational research has been conducted. The present study is part of a larger investigation into the conceptualisation and use of Lewis structures by novices and experts. This study analysed data from a cross-sectional, 122-participant sample of chemistry majors at a large university in Costa Rica. Participants were prompted to draw Lewis structures, which rendered information on their representational competence. Analysis of mistakes in their representations shed light on participants’ conceptualisation of Lewis structures. Responses to open-ended items further contributed in elucidating their conceptualisation. Findings suggest: (a) participants’ competence to draw Lewis structures is deficient throughout the major; (b) participants relied significantly on memory and familiarity and not on understanding to draw Lewis structures; (c) most participants’ limited understanding of Lewis structures stems from their using mental images and propositional representations for Lewis structures instead of mental models. Use of appropriate mental models could enable individuals to explain and predict chemical behaviour based on Lewis structures.
The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Actors and Performance in Different Stages of Evolution of Academic Spinoffs
Authors: Franco-Leal Noelia , Camelo-Ordaz Carmen , Fernandez-Alles Mariluz , Sousa-Ginel Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe importance of entrepreneurial ecosystems is accentuated in the academic entrepreneurship context since academic spinoffs (ASOs) must rely on actors from the ecosystem to access resources they lack in order to improve their performance. This study analyzes the impact that actors from social and institutional (university and nonuniversity) contexts in the entrepreneurial ecosystem have on ASO performance in the stage of creation and initial development and in the stage of consolidation. From a sample of 118 ASOs in the initial stage and 47 ASOs in the consolidation stage, the results indicate that social and institutional contexts improve the performance of ASOs in both phases of development, although the relevance of each context varies with the stage. In the creation and initial development stage, the institutional context affects the ASOs’ performance to a greater extent, while the influence of the social context is less strong. Science parks from the institutional context are the most relevant actors in this phase. In the consolidation phase, social context is the most relevant for improving the performance of ASOs, with the venture capitalist being the actor that exerts more influence. With respect to the institutional context, performance is only affected by the nonuniversity context in this stage.
Real and Financial Cycles in Euro Area Economies: Results from Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Scharnagl Michael , Mandler Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the within-country dimension of financial cycles in the four largest euro area economies using tools from wavelet analysis. We focus on credit and house price cycles which are most commonly used to represent the financial cycle. With the exception of Germany, the variables contain important common cycles within each country close to the upper bound of business cycle length and beyond which can be interpreted as financial cycles. These cycles are closely linked to domestic cycles in real activity showing financial and real economic cycles as interconnected phenomena. For these common cycles, credit and house prices lag real GDP.
Überlegungen zur digitalen Edition mystischer Mosaiktraktate des Spätmittelalters
Authors: Arndt Nadine , Wegener Lydia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the concept of a digital edition of late-medieval mystical mosaic treatises. These widespread publication, which are usually labelled as ‘pseudo-Eckhart’, are characterised by an almost unfathomable fluctuation between the manuscripts. Until today, this variance has prevented the publication of any traditional book editions and complicated any critical evaluation. The intended edition focusses on Pfeiffer’s treatise XI/2 (‘Von der übervart der gotheit 2’) as a test case. It will provide access to divergent versions of this treatise and enable modern readers to compare them on different textual levels.
Grundlagen der Mediävistik digital vermitteln: ‚Ad fontes‘, aber wie?
Authors: Hodel Tobias , Nadig Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The digital teaching of medieval, and especially auxiliary, scientific skills has been going on for more than a decade. Nevertheless, the breadth and depth of the auxiliary sciences is making them difficult to present in their entirety. With ‘Ad fontes’, basic knowledge of skills needed to study the Middle Ages is imparted through interactive exercises. The e-learning platform was completely revised in 2018, allowing new technical possibilities to be realised while maintaining the strengths of its intuitive exercises. Additionally, crowdsourcing enterprises prove extremely valuable in the application of knowledge. After all, it is only possible to bring together knowledge of a particular field if collaborations are established across individual institutions and researchers.
The Curious Case of Connectionism
Authors: Berkeley Istvan S. N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConnectionist research first emerged in the 1940s. The first phase of connectionism attracted a certain amount of media attention, but scant philosophical interest. The phase came to an abrupt halt, due to the efforts of Minsky and Papert (1969), when they argued for the intrinsic limitations of the approach. In the mid-1980s connectionism saw a resurgence. This marked the beginning of the second phase of connectionist research. This phase did attract considerable philosophical attention. It was of philosophical interest, as it offered a way of counteracting the conceptual ties to the philosophical traditions of atomism, rationalism, logic, nativism, rule realism and a concern with the role symbols play in human cognitive functioning, which was prevalent as a consequence of artificial intelligence research. The surge in philosophical interest waned, possibly in part due to the efforts of some traditionalists and the so-called black box problem. Most recently, what may be thought of as a third phase of connectionist research, based on so-called deep learning methods, is beginning to show some signs of again exciting philosophical interest.
Funktionsorientierte Qualitätssicherung von Mikrozahnrädern hinsichtlich des Geräuschverhaltens
Authors: Gauder Daniel , Wagner Raphael , Gölz Johannes , Häfner Benjamin , Lanza Gisela 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Abwälzverhalten von Mikroverzahnungen erzeugt akustische Emissionen, welche im Rahmen von zunehmenden Qualitätsanforderungen zu minimieren sind. Auf Basis von In-Line-Topographiemessungen mittels Fokusvariation wird in diesem Artikel ein Ansatz geschildert, welcher auf die Prognose und Optimierung des Geräuschverhaltens der Verzahnungen abzielt. Durch bestehende Ansätze der flächigen Zahncharakterisierung lassen sich die optisch aufgenommen Messdatensätze flächig auswerten. Um eine valide Aussage über die Messergebnisse geben zu können, werden erste Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Messunsicherheitsermittlung der Fokusvariation präsentiert.