bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation Science in Pediatric Psychology: The Example of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Price Julia , Beidas Rinad S , Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Genuario Kimberly , Kazak Anne E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Evidence-based screening, assessment, and intervention practices for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are underutilized. Implementation science (IS) offers theoretical models and frameworks to guide rigorous mixed methods research to advance comprehensive care for children and families.

Methods
We conducted a targeted review of applications of IS to T1D.

Results
Pediatric T1D research offers initial, but still limited studies on implementation of evidence-based psychosocial care. IS designates approaches to understanding multi-level factors that influence implementation, ways to alter these factors, and methods to evaluate strategies to improve implementation.

Conclusions
IS is promising for advancing the translation of pediatric psychology approaches into clinical care. Following the science of implementation, further documentation of the reach of evidence-based care and establishing practice guidelines are important initial steps. Examining the barriers and facilitators of evidence-based psychosocial care can guide the development of testable implementation strategies to improve integration of care. Successful strategies can be evaluated through multi-site controlled implementation trials to explore their effectiveness. These lines of inquiry can be considered within pediatric populations, but may also be used to examine similarities and differences in effectiveness of implementation strategies across populations and settings. Such research has the potential to improve the health and well-being of children and families.
Alternative oxidase is an important player in the regulation of nitric oxide levels under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in plants
Authors: Kumari Aprajita , Pathak Pradeep Kumar , Bulle Mallesham , Igamberdiev Abir U , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlant mitochondria possess two different pathways for electron transport from ubiquinol: the cytochrome pathway and the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. The AOX pathway plays an important role in stress tolerance and is induced by various metabolites and signals. Previously, several lines of evidence indicated that the AOX pathway prevents overproduction of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. More recent evidence suggests that AOX also plays a role in regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and signalling. The AOX pathway is induced under low phosphate, hypoxia, pathogen infections, and elicitor treatments. The induction of AOX under aerobic conditions in response to various stresses can reduce electron transfer through complexes III and IV and thus prevents the leakage of electrons to nitrite and the subsequent accumulation of NO. Excess NO under various stresses can inhibit complex IV; thus, the AOX pathway minimizes nitrite-dependent NO synthesis that would arise from enhanced electron leakage in the cytochrome pathway. By preventing NO generation, AOX can reduce peroxynitrite formation and tyrosine nitration. In contrast to its function under normoxia, AOX has a specific role under hypoxia, where AOX can facilitate nitrite-dependent NO production. This reaction drives the phytoglobin–NO cycle to increase energy efficiency under hypoxia.
Hierarchical clustering reveals unique features in the diel dynamics of metabolites in the CAM orchid Phalaenopsis
Authors: Ceusters Nathalie , Luca Stijn , Feil Regina , Claes Johan E , Lunn John E , Van den Ende Wim , Ceusters Johan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a major adaptation of photosynthesis that involves temporally separated phases of CO2 fixation and accumulation of organic acids at night, followed by decarboxylation and refixation of CO2 by the classical C3 pathway during the day. Transitory reserves such as soluble sugars or starch are degraded at night to provide the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and energy needed for initial carboxylation by PEP carboxylase. The primary photosynthetic pathways in CAM species are well known, but their integration with other pathways of central C metabolism during different phases of the diel light–dark cycle is poorly understood. Gas exchange was measured in leaves of the CAM orchid Phalaenopsis ‘Edessa’ and leaves were sampled every 2 h during a complete 12-h light–12-h dark cycle for metabolite analysis. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering approach was employed to explore the diel dynamics and relationships of metabolites in this CAM species, and compare these with those in model C3 species. High levels of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) in the light activated ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, thereby enhancing production of ADP-glucose, the substrate for starch synthesis. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), a sugar signalling metabolite, was also correlated with ADP-glucose, 3PGA and PEP, but not sucrose, over the diel cycle. Whether or not this indicates a different function of T6P in CAM plants is discussed. T6P levels were low at night, suggesting that starch degradation is regulated primarily by circadian clock-dependent mechanisms. During the lag in starch degradation at dusk, carbon and energy could be supplied by rapid consumption of a large pool of aconitate that accumulates in the light. Our study showed similarities in the diel dynamics and relationships between many photosynthetic metabolites in CAM and C3 plants, but also revealed some major differences reflecting the specialized metabolic fluxes in CAM plants, especially during light–dark transitions and at night.
Jasmonate action in plant defense against insects
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Wu Dewei , Wang Youping , Xie Daoxin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Herbivorous insects represent one of the major threats to sessile plants. To cope with herbivore challenges, plants have evolved sophisticated defense systems, in which the lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate plays a crucial role. Perception of insect attack locally and systemically elicits rapid synthesis of jasmonate, which is perceived by the F-box protein COI1 to further recruit JAZ repressors for ubiquitination and degradation, thereby releasing transcription factors that subsequently activate plant defense against insect attack. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of jasmonate action in plant defense against insects.
Community-based health care
Authors: Lankester Ted 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets the background and context for the rest of the book. It talks about the history and progress of community-based health care (CBHC), and the many emerging challenges we now face. These challenges include a lack of trained health workers, poor planning and capacity at the national level, and weak or non-existent health systems. It tackles the question of how CBHC can help meet these challenges. It describes the special features of CHBC, and explains how CBHC is an integral part of well-functioning health systems, including primary health care. In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it shows how CBHC can tackle poverty, a root cause of ill health. The chapter discusses how we can focus on strengthening and scaling up existing programmes, aim for long-term development, and identify some ‘quick wins’.
Using gamma ray monitoring to avoid missing the next Milky Way Type Ia supernova
Authors: Wang (王夕露) Xilu , Fields Brian D , Lien (連雅琳) Amy Yarleen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A Milky Way Type Ia supernova (SNIa) could be unidentified or even initially unnoticed, being dim in radio, X-rays, and neutrinos, and suffering large optical/IR extinction in the Galactic plane. But SNIa emit nuclear gamma-ray lines from 56Ni → 56Co → 56Fe radioactive decays. These lines fall within the Fermi/GBM energy range, and the 56Ni 158 keV line is detectable by Swift/BAT. Both instruments frequently monitor the Galactic plane, which is transparent to gamma rays. Thus GBM and BAT are ideal Galactic SNIa early warning systems. We simulate SNIa MeV light curves and spectra to show that GBM and BAT could confirm a Galactic SNIa explosion, followed by Swift localization and observation in X-rays and UVOIR band. The time of detection depends sensitively on the 56Ni distribution, and can be as early as a few days if ${\gtrsim } 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the 56Ni is present in the surface as suggested by SN2014J gamma data.
The distances to star clusters hosting Red Supergiants: χ Per, NGC 7419, and Westerlund 1
Authors: Davies Ben , Beasor Emma R 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Galactic, young massive star clusters are approximately coeval aggregates of stars, close enough to resolve the individual stars, massive enough to have produced large numbers of massive stars, and young enough for these stars to be in a pre-supernova state. As such these objects represent powerful natural laboratories in which to study the evolution of massive stars. To be used in this way, it is crucial that accurate and precise distances are known, since this affects both the inferred luminosities of the cluster members and the age estimate for the cluster itself. Here we present distance estimates for three star clusters rich in Red Supergiants (χ Per, NGC 7419, and Westerlund 1) based on their average astrometric parallaxes $\bar{\pi }$ in Gaia Data Release 2, where the measurement of $\bar{\pi }$ is obtained from a proper-motion screened sample of spectroscopically confirmed cluster members. We determine distances of $d=2.25^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ kpc, $d=3.00^{+0.35}_{-0.29}$ kpc, and $d=3.87^{+0.95}_{-0.64}$ kpc for the three clusters, respectively. We find that the dominant source of error is that in Gaia’s zero-point parallax offset πZP, and we argue that more precise distances cannot be determined without an improved characterization of this quantity.
Association between hippocampal dose and memory in survivors of childhood or adolescent low-grade glioma: a 10-year neurocognitive longitudinal study
Authors: Acharya Sahaja , Wu Shengjie , Ashford Jason M , Tinkle Christopher L , Lucas John T , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Gajjar Amar , Krasin Matthew J , Conklin Heather M , Merchant Thomas E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Hippocampal avoidance has been suggested as a strategy to reduce short-term memory decline in adults receiving whole-brain radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the hippocampal dose in children and adolescents undergoing RT for low-grade glioma was associated with memory, as measured by verbal recall.

Methods
Eighty patients aged at least 6 years but less than 21 years with low-grade glioma were treated with RT to 54 Gy on a phase II protocol. Patients underwent age-appropriate cognitive testing at baseline, 6 months posttreatment, yearly through 5 years posttreatment, year 7 or 8, and year 10 posttreatment. Random coefficient models were used to estimate the longitudinal trends in cognitive assessment scores.

Results
Median neurocognitive follow-up was 9.8 years. There was a significant decline in short-delay recall (slope = −0.01 standard deviation [SD]/year, P < 0.001), total recall (slope = −0.09 SD/y, P = 0.005), and long-delay recall (slope = −0.01 SD/y, P  = 0.002). On multivariate regression, after accounting for hydrocephalus, decline in short-delay recall was associated with the volume of right (slope = −0.001 SD/y, P = 0.019) or left hippocampus (slope = −0.001 SD/y, P = 0.025) receiving 40 Gy (V40 Gy). On univariate regression, decline in total recall was only associated with right hippocampal dosimetry (V40 Gy slope = −0.002, P = 0.025). In children <12 years, on univariate regression, decline in long-delay recall was only associated with right (V40 Gy slope = −0.002, P = 0.013) and left (V40 Gy slope = −0.002, P = 0.014) hippocampal dosimetry.

Conclusion
In this 10-year longitudinal study, greater hippocampal dose was associated with a greater decline in delayed recall. Such findings might be informative for radiation therapy planning, warranting prospective evaluation.
Extended star-forming regions within galaxies in a dense proto-cluster core at z = 2.53
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko L , Minowa Yosuke , Koyama Yusei , Kodama Tadayuki , Hayashi Masao , Shimakawa Rhythm , Tanaka Ichi , Tadaki Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
At z ∼ 2, star formation activity is thought to be high even in high-density environments such as galaxy clusters and proto-clusters. One of the critical but outstanding issues is if the structural growth of star-forming galaxies can differ depending on their surrounding environments. In order to investigate how galaxies grow their structures and what physical processes are involved in the evolution of galaxies, one requires spatially resolved images of not only stellar components but also star-forming regions within galaxies. We conducted (Adaptive Optics) AO-assisted imaging observations for star-forming galaxies in a dense proto-cluster core at z = 2.53 with IRCS and AO188 mounted on the Subaru Telescope. A combination of AO and narrow-band filters allows us to obtain resolved maps of Hα-emitting regions with an angular resolution of ${0{^{\prime\prime}_{.}}1}$–${0{^{\prime\prime}_{.}}2}$, which corresponds to ∼1 kpc at z ∼ 2.5. Based on stacking analyses, we compare radial profiles of star-forming regions and stellar components and find that the star-forming region of a sub-sample with log (M*/$M_\odot$) ∼ 10–11 is more extended than the stellar component, indicating the inside-out growth of the structure. This trend is similar to the one for star-forming galaxies in general fields at z = 2–2.5 obtained with the same observational technique. Our results suggest that the structural evolution of star-forming galaxies at z = 2–2.5 is mainly driven by internal secular processes irrespective of surrounding environments.
Attitudes Toward Asylum Seekers: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Hager Anselm , Veit Susanne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
What theories explain variation in public opinion toward asylum seekers? We implement a survey experiment in which a representative sample of German residents evaluates vignettes of asylum seekers, which randomly vary attributes that speak to deservingness, economic and religious threat, and gender considerations of attitude formation. We find strong support for deservingness theories. Economic and religious threat theories also receive empirical support. Gender plays a negligible role. Importantly, we also document that economic and—to a lesser extent—religious threat considerations only matter when respondents evaluate economic refugees. By contrast, political refugees are welcomed nearly unconditionally. Our paper thus replicates key findings from Bansak, Hainmueller, and Hangartner (2016) and Czymara and Schmidt-Catran (2016) using a representative sample and points to an important interaction effect in public opinion formation toward asylum seekers: economic threat only gets activated when refugees’ deservingness is in doubt.
Assessing Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Referral Patterns to a Tertiary Care Center: A Novel Approach Using Geographic Information System Mapping
Authors: Ford Molly M. , Camp Janey V. , Geiger Timothy M. , Hopkins M. Benjamin , Muldoon Roberta L. , Prestwich Anna , LaNeve David C. , Hawkins Alexander T. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
Patients and their family members with hereditary colorectal cancer require longitudinal follow-up that is best achieved through a dedicated program with a registry. However, referrals for these conditions remain poor. Geographic information systems technology is a novel method to evaluate geographic variation in multiple realms but is being used more in health care.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate referral patterns with geographic information systems technology to better target efforts for improving overall referrals. We hypothesized that marked variation would exist as to the geospatial locations of referrals and that gastroenterologists would be the dominant referral source.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

PATIENTS:
The hereditary colorectal cancer registry was queried from June 2007 to August 2016 for demographics, distance to center, genetic mutations, and the specialty of the referring providers. Geospatial data on both patient and referring specialist were collected.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We analyzed patient and referral data with geographic information systems technology to look for gaps and patterns.

RESULTS:
A total of 676 patients were entered into the registry during this period. Fifty-six percent were women, and the median age was 50 years (interquartile range, 42–60 y). The median distance from the center was 60 miles (interquartile range, 22–120 miles), and 31% carried an identified germline mutation. Gastroenterology represented the overall largest source of referrals and, when broken down by syndrome, they represented the top referral specialty for familial adenomatous polyposis. Surgeons were the largest referral source for Lynch syndrome.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by covariates in the database.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our hereditary colorectal cancer registry serves a large geographic area, with the largest group of referrals coming from gastroenterologists. Performing this analysis with geographic information systems technology mapping allowed us to identify clustering of patients and providers throughout the region as well as gaps. This information will help to target outreach and distribution of educational materials for providers and their patients to increase registry enrollment. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A950.
Case–Control Study of Tumor Stage–Dependent Outcomes for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Patients
Authors: Gonzalez Jessica L. , Cunningham Kiera , Silverman Rebecca , Madan Elena , Nguyen Bichchau Michelle 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND
Immunosuppressed patients have worse outcomes from cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs), although unclear whether it is due to the development of more high-stage tumors or worse outcomes for a given stage.

OBJECTIVE
Analyze the impact of immunosuppression on the development of cSCCs and tumor stage–dependent outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Single-institution 1:2 case–control study of primary invasive cSCCs from 2005 to 2015 in 106 mixed-cause immunosuppressed patients and 212 control subjects matched to age, gender, and race.

RESULTS
Four hundred twelve cSCCs from 106 immunosuppressed patients and 291 tumors from 212 matched immunocompetent patients were included. Both cohorts had similar T-stage distribution, with <5% high-stage tumors, that is, AJCC-7 T2, AJCC-8 T3, and BWH T2b/T3. Immunosuppression significantly increased the likelihood of poor outcomes (POs) (aggregate of local recurrence (LR), nodal and distant metastasis, and squamous cell carcinoma–related deaths) for low-stage tumors, that is, AJCC-7 T1 (odds ratio [OR], 4.29), AJCC-8 T1 (OR, 3.45), AJCC-8 T2 (OR, 3.75), BWH T1 (OR, 3.53), and BWH T2a (OR, 3.41) tumors. There was no significant difference in the treatment: most tumors were treated with Mohs (71% vs 75%) or excision (21% vs 20%) in both cohorts.

CONCLUSION
Immunosuppressed patients have an increased risk of POs, specifically LRs, from low-stage cSCCs. Definitive treatment of cSCCs is recommended.
Gender, Depression, and Blue-collar Work
Authors: Elser Holly , Rehkopf David H. , Meausoone Valerie , Jewell Nicholas P. , Eisen Ellen A. , Cullen Mark R. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Industrial blue-collar workers face multiple work-related stressors, but evidence regarding the burden of mental illness among today’s blue-collar men and women remains limited.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, we examined health and employment records for 37,183 blue- and white-collar workers employed by a single US aluminum manufacturer from 2003 to 2013. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we modeled time to first episode of treated depression by gender and occupational class. Among cases, we modeled rates of depression-related service utilization with generalized gamma regression.

Results:
Compared with their white-collar counterparts, blue-collar men were more likely to be treated for depression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.4) as were blue-collar women (HR = 1.4; 1.2, 1.6). Blue-collar women were most likely to be treated for depression as compared with white-collar men (HR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.1, 5.0). However, blue-collar workers used depression-related services less frequently than their white-collar counterparts among both men (rate ratio = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98) and women (rate ratio = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.77, 0.88).

Conclusions:
Blue-collar women were more likely to be treated for depression than white-collar workers, and blue-collar women were most likely to be treated for depression compared with white-collar men. However, blue-collar men and women used depression-related healthcare services less frequently than white-collar workers. These findings underscore that blue-collar women may be uniquely susceptible to depression, and suggest that blue-collar workers may encounter barriers to care-seeking related mental illness other than their insurance status.
Long-Term Follow-up of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation in Pediatric Keratoconus
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Lisa Carlos , Monteiro Tiago , Madrid-Costa David 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate efficacy, safety, and stability of Ferrara-type intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation for visual rehabilitation in pediatric patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
This study included patients with keratoconus aged 18 years or younger who had received Ferrara-type ICRS implantation. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, residual refractive errors, and root mean square for coma-like aberration were recorded preoperatively and at 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively.

Results:
One hundred eighteen eyes of 88 patients (mean age 16.1 ± 1.89; range 10–18) were studied. All patients were examined at a 6-month follow-up after ICRS implantation, and at the 12-, 36-, and 60-month follow-ups, 97, 71, and 23 eyes were evaluated, respectively. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) changed from 0.67 ± 0.37 preoperatively to 0.37 ± 0.30, 6 months after ICRS implantation (P < 0.0001). Mean corrected distance visual acuity increased in turn from 0.19 ± 0.15 to 0.10 ± 0.12 (P < 0.0001). The percentage of eyes with a refractive cylinder ≤2.00 D increased from 30.5% before surgery to 70.3% 6 months later, and the root mean square for corneal coma-like aberration showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.001). At the follow-up visits, refractive and visual values remained stable compared with those of the 6-month visit.

Conclusions:
Our long-term results suggest that Ferrara-type ICRS implantation is a safe, effective, and stable procedure for restoring vision in pediatric patients with keratoconus.