bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting strategies for wing‐moult and pre‐migratory fuelling in western and eastern populations of Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis
Authors: Remisiewicz Magdalena , Bernitz Zephné , Bernitz Herman , Burman Marc S. , Raijmakers Jacobus M.H. , Raijmakers Johannes H.F.A. , Underhill Les G. , Rostkowska Anna , Barshep Yahkat , Soloviev Sergej A. , Siwek Ilona 
Published: October 2018

Trade‐offs between moult and fuelling in migrant birds vary with migration distance and the environmental conditions they encounter. We compared wing moult and fuelling at the northern and southern ends of migration in two populations of adult Common Whitethroats Sylvia communis. The western population moults most remiges at the breeding grounds in Europe (e.g. Poland) and migrates 4000–5000 km to western Africa (e.g. Nigeria). The eastern population moults all remiges at the non‐breeding grounds and migrates 7000–10 000 km from western Asia (e.g. southwestern Siberia) to eastern and southern Africa. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) Whitethroats moult their wing feathers slowly in South Africa, where they face fewer time constraints than in Poland, and (2) fuelling is slower when it coincides with moulting (Poland, South Africa) than when it occurs alone (Siberia, Nigeria). We estimated moult timing of primaries, secondaries and tertials from moult records of Polish and South African Whitethroats ringed in 1987–2017 and determined fuelling patterns from the body mass of Whitethroats ringed in all four regions. The western population moulted wing feathers in Poland over 55 days (2 July–26 August) at a varying rate, up to 13 feathers simultaneously, but fuelled slowly until departure in August–mid‐September. In Nigeria, during the drier period of mid‐February–March they fuelled slowly, but the fuelling rate increased three‐fold in April–May after the rains before mid‐April–May departure. The eastern population did not moult in Siberia but fuelled three times faster before mid‐July–early August departure than did the western birds moulting in Poland. In South Africa, the Whitethroats moulted over 57 days (2 January–28 February) at a constant rate of up to nine feathers simultaneously and fuelled slowly from mid‐December until mid‐April–May departure. These results suggest the two populations use contrasting strategies to capitalize on food supplies before departure from breeding and non‐breeding grounds.
In situ synthesis and thermal shock resistance of a cordierite‐mullite composite for solar thermal storage
Authors: Cheng Hao , Ye Fen , Chang Jun , Wu Sizhan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCordierite‐mullite composite ceramic was synthesized in situ by semidry pressing and pressureless sintering from andalusite, kaolin, γ‐Al2O3, talc, potassium feldspar, and albite in air. The effects of composition and sintering temperature on the density, bending strength, thermal shock stability, crystal phases, and microstructure of the specimens were studied. The results show that specimen B2 (the theoretical content of cordierite was 20 wt%) has excellent performance, that is, a bending strength of 104.59 MPa, 30 cycles of thermal shock resistance without cracking, and a loss rate of 13.12%. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that spherical cordierite crystals were grown on the surface of the mullite, therefore, the specimen possessed a superior bending strength and thermal shock resistance, where a great number of granules combined to restrain crack initiation as well as propagation over time during the thermal shock test. The thermal conductivity of specimen B2 was determined to be 3.83 W/(m·K) (36°C), and the sensible heat storage density was 1136 kJ/kg, with the temperature difference (ΔT) ranging from 0 to 800°C. Consequently, the cordierite‐mullite composite is a potentially applicable material for solar thermal storage.
Estimate of the incidence of bladder cancer in Africa: A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Adeloye Davies , Harhay Michael O , Ayepola Olayemi O , Dos Santos Jhonathan PR , David Rotimi A , Ogunlana Olubanke O , Gadanya Muktar , Osamor Victor C , Amuta Ann O , Iweala Emeka E , Auta Asa , Rebbeck Timothy R 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo quantify the epidemiology of bladder cancer in Africa to guide a targeted public health response and support research initiatives.MethodsWe systematically searched publicly available sources for population‐based registry studies reporting the incidence of bladder cancer in Africa between January 1980 and June 2017. Crude incidence rates of bladder cancer were extracted. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis model was used to estimate incidence rates.ResultsThe search returned 1328 studies. A total of 22 studies carried out across 15 African countries met our pre‐defined selection criteria. Heterogeneity across studies was high (I2 = 98.9%, P < 0.001). The pooled incidence of bladder cancer in Africa was 7.0 (95% credible interval 5.8–8.3) per 100 000 population in men and 1.8 (95% credible interval 1.2–2.6) per 100 000 in women. The incidence of bladder cancer was consistently higher in North Africa in both sexes. Among men, we estimated a pooled incidence of 10.1 (95% credible interval 7.9–11.9) per 100 000 in North Africa and 5.0 (95% credible interval 3.8–6.6) per 100 000 in sub‐Saharan Africa. In women, the pooled incidence was 2.0 (95% credible interval 1.0–3.0) per 100 000 and 1.5 (95% credible interval 0.9–2.0) per 100 000 in North Africa and sub‐Saharan Africa, respectively. Incidence rates increased significantly among men from 5.6 (95% credible interval 4.2–7.2) in the 1990s to 8.5 (95% credible interval 6.9–10.1) per 100 000 in 2010.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a growing incidence of bladder cancer in Africa in recent years, particularly among men and in North Africa. This study also highlights the lack of quality data sources and collection of essential clinical and epidemiological data in several African countries, and this hinders public health planning.
Treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Japan
Authors: Harada Kenichi , Nozawa Masahiro , Uemura Motohide , Tatsugami Katsunori , Osawa Takahiro , Yamana Kazutoshi , Kimura Go , Fujisawa Masato , Nonomura Norio , Eto Masatoshi , Shinohara Nobuo , Tomita Yoshihiko , Kondo Yukihiro , Ochi Kenya , Anazawa Yoshio , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo clarify treatment patterns and outcomes for patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the molecular target therapy era in Japan.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective medical chart review study was carried out. Patients diagnosed with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma between January 2012 and August 2015 were enrolled. Data extracted from medical records included treatment duration, grade ≥3 adverse events, reason for discontinuation for each targeted therapy and survival data until August 2016.ResultsOf 277 eligible patients, 266, 170 and 77 received first‐, second‐ and third‐line systemic treatment, respectively. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were the most common first‐line therapy (72.2%), followed by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (14.3%) and cytokines (13.5%). Among 170 patients who received second‐line treatment, tyrosine kinase inhibitor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor was the most common sequence (58.8%), followed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor–mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (14.1%) and cytokine–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (14.1%). With a median follow‐up period of 19.8 months, median overall survival was not reached at 48 months. Patients who discontinued first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors in <6 months showed poorer overall survival compared with patients who received first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors for ≥6 months.ConclusionsThe present analysis illustrates the contemporary treatment patterns and prognosis for patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cancer in a real‐world setting in Japan. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor represents the most commonly used sequence. Shorter treatment duration of first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors is associated with poorer prognosis, suggesting the need for better treatment options.
Maternal Postpartum Depression Increases Vulnerability for Toddler Behavior Problems through Infant Cortisol Reactivity
Authors: Lawler Jamie M. , Bocknek Erika L. , McGinnis Ellen W. , Martinez‐Torteya Cecilia , Rosenblum Katherine L. , Muzik Maria 
Published: October 2018

The current study examined the role of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal reactivity (a physiological indicator of stress) in early infancy as a mediator of the relationship between maternal postpartum depression and toddler behavior problems. Participants were 137 at‐risk mothers and their children participating in a longitudinal study of intergenerational transmission of risk. Mothers’ depression was measured five times during the infants’ first 18 months. Infant cortisol was collected during a social stressor (the still‐face paradigm) when infants were 6 months old, and mothers reported on toddlers’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 18 months. Among this sample of high‐risk mother–infant dyads, early postpartum depression predicted atypical infant cortisol reactivity at 6 months, which mediated the effect of maternal depression on increased toddler behavior problems. Clinical implications are discussed.
A shared coevolutionary history does not alter the outcome of coalescence in experimental populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Castledine Meaghan , Buckling Angus , Padfield Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCommunity coalescence, the mixing of multiple communities, is ubiquitous in natural microbial communities. During coalescence, theory suggests the success of a population will be enhanced by the presence of species it has coevolved with (relative to foreign species), because coevolution will result in greater resource specialization to minimize competition. Thus, more coevolved communities should dominate over less coevolved communities during coalescence events. We test these hypotheses using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens which diversifies into coexisting niche‐specialist morphotypes. We first evolved replicate populations for ~40 generations and then isolated evolved genotypes. In a series of competition trials, we determined if using coevolved versus random genotypes affected the relative performance of “communities” of single and multiple genotypes. We found no effect of coevolutionary history on either genotype fitness or community performance, which suggests parallel (co)evolution between communities. However, fitness was enhanced by the presence of other genotypes of the same strain type (wild‐type or an isogenic strain with a LacZ marker; the inclusion of the latter necessary to distinguish genotypes during competition), indicative of local adaptation with respect to genetic background. Our results are the first to investigate the effect of (co)evolution on the outcome of coalescence and suggest that when input populations are functionally similar and added at equal mixing ratios, the outcome community may not be asymmetrically dominated by either input population.
Modern frontiers and applications of spray‐freeze‐drying in design of food and biological supplements
Authors: Dutta Sayantani , Moses J. A. , Anandharamakrishnan C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpray‐freeze‐drying (SFD) is a unique tandem technique combining spray drying (SD) and freeze drying (FD), and exploiting the advantages of both. SFD is particularly suitable for volatiles, biologicals, and food supplements that are sensitive to process extremities of temperature (SD) and time and cost (FD). Although SFD has been an area of interest to scientists for some time, there have been few very interesting investigations in food science in the recent past, which highlight the versatility and utility of this method, and been discussed in this review. The sources for SFD range from flavor ingredients to vegetables, lipids, enzymes, vitamins, and proteins. The extensive research findings in this domain have been collated in this focused review with the objective of providing the readers an essence of the forays made in this technology and the future possibilities it promises.Practical applicationsSpray‐freeze‐drying is suitable for volatiles, biologicals, and food supplements that are sensitive to process extremities of temperature (spray drying) and time and cost (freeze drying). Applications of SFD range from flavor ingredients to vegetables, lipids, enzymes, vitamins, and proteins. It offers reduced drying time, higher retention of bioactives postdrying, and improved rehydration, which makes it a method of choice. Considering the possibilities that this technique offers, further research on more types of feed is warranted, that would benefit industry and academia both.
Unique patterns of glycosylation in immunoglobulin subclass G4‐related disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Culver Emma L , van de Bovenkamp Fleur S , Derksen Ninotska I L , Koers Jana , Cargill Tamsin , Barnes Eleanor , de Neef Louise A , Koeleman Carolien A M , Aalberse Rob C , Wuhrer Manfred , Rispens Theo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimImmunoglobulin subclass G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is characterized by an abundance of IgG4 antibodies in the serum and tissue. Glycosylation status of antibodies can impact on immune effector functions and disease pathophysiology. We sought to establish glycosylation patterns in a prospective cohort of patients with IgG4‐RD and the relationship with disease activity and response to treatment.MethodsWe assessed IgG Fc‐tail and Fab‐arm glycosylation status in patients with IgG4‐RD (n = 22), disease controls with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 22). Serum IgG and subclasses were quantified using ELISA. Fc and Fab glycosylation were analyzed by mass spectrometry and lectin affinity chromatography, respectively. Disease activity, organ damage, and response to treatment were assessed using the IgG4 Responder Index.ResultsImmunoglobulin G Fab sialylation was increased in IgG4‐RD compared with PSC and healthy control (P = 0.01), with a preferential increase in IgG4‐specific Fab sialylation, which was independent of IgG4 Fab‐arm exchange. There was a reduction in IgG1‐specific Fc bisection and hybrid structures in IgG4‐RD (P < 0.01), which recovered upon steroid treatment and correlated with disease activity. Overall, IgG Fc galactosylation was reduced in both IgG4‐RD and PSC (P < 0.01), with a preferential reduction in IgG1‐specific sialylation and enhancement of IgG4‐specific bisection in PSC. IgG4 fucosylation and IgG1/2/3 hybrid structures negatively correlated with complement C3 and C4 levels in IgG4‐RD (P < 0.01), but not PSC.ConclusionWe report the first study showing unique antibody glycosylation status in a prospective cohort of IgG4‐RD and PSC patients, which may determine modulation of the immune system and contribute to disease pathophysiology.
Incidence, inhospital mortality, and readmission among patients with alcoholic hepatitis in Korea: A nationwide study
Authors: Lee Jin Yong , Cho Yuri , Hong Min Hee , Kim Jayeun , Lee Dong Hyeon , Jung Yong Jin , Kim Byeong Gwan , Lee Kook Lae , Kim Won 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) ranks among the most costly diseases in South Korea. However, accurate hospitalization incidence rates, mortality rates, and contributing factors have not been investigated in South Korea. This study aimed to provide the nationwide incidence of hospitalization, inhospital mortality, and readmission rates for South Korean patients with AH.MethodsUsing the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment service database, a total of 39 800 inpatient cases from 2008 to 2012 were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis code for AH (K70.1). Standardized hospitalization incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for inhospital mortality and readmission. Follow‐up data for those admitted in 2008 were collected to assess readmissions.ResultsThe standardized incidence rate for AH hospitalization per 105 person/year decreased from 19 in 2008 to 14 in 2012 (P = 0.001). The annual inhospital mortality rate ranged from 0.2% to 0.5%. Inhospital mortality was significantly higher in older patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.36) and those with cirrhosis (OR, 4.40). The readmission rate for patients admitted in 2008 was 34.0%. Male sex (OR, 1.21) and low economic status (OR, 2.35) were significantly associated with readmission, whereas older age (OR, 0.96), cirrhosis (OR, 0.77), and urban residency (OR, 0.68) were inversely associated with readmission.ConclusionsThis study captured a 5‐year epidemiologic period in South Korea of patients with AH to reflect the real burden of AH and to provide valuable information to policy‐makers assessing public health priorities.
Disparities in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on geographical region are decreasing
Authors: Sobotka Lindsay A , Hinton Alice , Conteh Lanla F 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimGeographic differences have existed in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and efforts to reduce regional disparities have been initiated. The aim of this study is to use the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to determine if regional disparities in the treatment of HCC continue to exist.MethodA retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was performed that included patients with a primary diagnosis of HCC. Logistic regression models were utilized to determine geographic disparities in liver decompensation, treatment, inpatient mortality, and metastatic disease.ResultsThis study's locational reach of 62 604 patients included 22 769 patients from the South (36%), 14 554 in the Northeast (23%), 14 041 in the West (22%), and 11 240 in the Midwest (18%). Patients who received treatment in the West were more likely to have inpatient mortality (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03, 1.53) than patients who received treatment in the Midwest. No significant differences were observed between rates of resection, ablation, and transarterial chemoembolization when comparing by region. Rates of liver transplantation were lower in the West compared with the Midwest (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29, 0.87). There was no significant difference between other regions.ConclusionGeographic disparities in the treatment of HCC are improving.
Material Flow and Spatial Data Analysis of the Petroleum Use to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in Northeast China
Authors: Liu Guang‐xin , Wu Ming , Jia Feng‐rui , Yue Qiang , Wang He‐ming 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the petroleum consumption and petroleum‐related CO2 emissions (PCOEs) in Northeast China at city level using material flow analysis (MFA) and spatial data analysis (SDA). The petroleum flows for the year 2014 were plotted, and then the spatial patterns, weighted mean centers (WMCs), and spatial autocorrelations of petroleum consumption and PCOEs were calculated, respectively. It was found that Northeast China is a petroleum exploitation‐processing‐export region in China; the total input of petroleum flows comprised two parts—exploitation (about 60%) and import (about 40%). About one third of the total product oil supply flowed into other provinces. In the consumption process, the product oil was dominated by two sectors: the industry sector (45.5%) and the transportation sector (31%). The rate of PCOEs was 36.69 million tonnes in the waste discharge process. Meanwhile, the WMCs of the petroleum consumption and the PCOEs were located in the south of Northeast China. The location of the petroleum pipelines was the factor shown to determine the spatial patterns of petroleum consumption and PCOEs and the hotspots were distributed along the petroleum pipeline, especially in the Circum‐Bohai Sea regions. Economic development in these regions shows a positive dependence on petroleum consumption and generates larger PCOEs. The findings obtained in this study could provide important decision‐making support to low‐carbon development in Northeast China.
Interest Rates and the Market for New Light Vehicles
Authors: COPELAND ADAM , HALL GEORGE , MACCINI LOUIS J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study the impact of interest rate changes on the demand and supply of new light vehicles in an environment where consumers and manufacturers face their own interest rates. Interest rate changes impact the auto market through both households and manufacturers. For the impact of rate changes on price and output growth, the household channel is quantitatively more important. A 100 basis‐point increase in both interest rates causes annual growth rates of production to fall from 1.0% to −11.0% and sales to fall from 1.0% to −2.9% in the short run.
Credit Traps and Macroprudential Leverage
Authors: FOULIS ANGUS , NELSON BENJAMIN , TANAKA MISA 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe construct a macroeconomic model with overlapping generations to study credit traps—prolonged periods of stagnant real activity accompanied by low productivity, financial sector undercapitalization, and credit misallocation. Shocks to bank capital tighten banks' borrowing constraints causing them to allocate credit to easily collateralizable but low productivity projects. Low productivity weakens bank capital generation, reinforcing tight borrowing constraints, sustaining the credit trap steady state. Macroprudential policy to limit bank leverage can be welfare enhancing. In the presence of a credit trap, optimal leverage policy is countercyclical.
Where is the GE? Consumption Dynamics in DSGEs
Authors: L'HUILLIER JEAN‐PAUL , YOO DONGHOON 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe offer a partial equilibrium perspective on the behavior of consumption in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. We consider a benchmark dynamic general equilibrium model and show that a standard calibration implies that the real interest rate is essentially fixed. One manifestation of this feature is that, with separable preferences, the reaction of consumption to total factor productivity (TFP) shocks is flat: the random‐walk permanent income hypothesis holds almost exactly, pretty much as in a partial equilibrium consumption‐savings problem. These results help explain the prominent role of aggregate demand, and how it is achieved, in modern DSGE analysis.