bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on motility of isolated fallopian tube
Authors: Milosavljević Miloš N. , Janković Snezana V. , Janković Slobodan M. , Djurić Janko , Protrka Zoran , Arsenijević Slobodan , Folić Marko , Stojadinović Dobrivoje , Dimitrijević Aleksandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect the smooth muscle cells acting on voltage‐dependent channels for Na+, K+ and Ca2+, but their action is tissue and species specific. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on motility of the isolated fallopian tubes. Isolated preparations of isthmus and ampoule were taken from fallopian tubes of 20 women during hysterectomy due to uterine fibroids and then tested for reactivity on increasing concentrations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Escitalopram (from 0.9 × 10−9 M/L to 1.4 × 10−6 M/L) produced concentration‐dependent increase of spontaneous contractions of the isolated ampulla (EC50 = 1.20 ± 1.06 × 10−8 M/L, r = 0.580, P < 0.05) (F = 2.980, df1 = 6, df2 = 28, P < 0.05). Paroxetine (from 1.2 × 10−9 M/L to 5.1 × 10−5 M/L) produced concentration‐dependent increase of spontaneous contractions of the isolated isthmus (EC50 = 7.01 ± 3.50 × 10−8 M/L, r = 0.500, P < 0.05) (F = 2.350, df1 = 9, df2 = 40, P < 0.05). The SSRIs differ among themselves in regard to their potential to affect motility of the fallopian tubes. Escitalopram and paroxetine have clear stimulating effect which may interfere with functioning of the fallopian tubes, and potentially impair fertility if taken by women in reproductive period of life. The other SSRIs tested in the study did not produce significant effect throughout the concentration range used in the experiments.
Association between birth weight and diabetes: Role of body mass index and lifestyle in later life
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Mu Yiming , Wan Qin , Qin Yingfen , Hu Ruying , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Qin Guijun , Tang Xulei , Chen Gang , Gao Zhengnan , Wang Guixia , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Chen Li , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Chen Lulu , Zhao Jiajun , Lu Jieli , Lin Lin , Li Mian , Du Rui , Xu Min , Xu Yu , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Chen Yuhong , Li Donghui , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang ,   for the REACTION Study Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between birth weight and diabetes in a Chinese population, and the effects of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors in later life on this association.MethodsData from 49 118 participants aged ≥40 years with recalled birth weight from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study, a nationwide population‐based cohort, were used. Diabetes diagnosis was based on oral glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c measurements. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of birth weight and risk of diabetes in later life.ResultsIncreased risk of diabetes was associated with lower or higher birth weight. Compared with individuals with a birth weight of 2500 to 3499 g, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes for individuals with a birth weight of <2500, between 3500 and 3999, and ≥4000 g were 1.28 (1.11‐1.47), 1.11 (1.04‐1.19), and 1.20 (1.07‐1.34), respectively. Significant associations were prominent in participants with a current BMI ≥24 kg/m2, but not detected in those with a normal BMI (OR 1.20 [95% CI 0.96‐1.49], 1.11 [95% CI 0.98‐1.25], and 1.10 [95% CI 0.89‐1.37], respectively). Moreover, there was no increased risk of diabetes in individuals with a low birth weight but with healthy dietary habits (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.68‐1.29) or ideal physical activity (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.97‐2.04).ConclusionsA U‐shaped association was observed between birth weight and the risk of diabetes. Healthy lifestyles (healthy dietary habits or ideal physical activity) may eliminate the negative effects of low birth weight in the development of diabetes, but not the effect of high birth weight.
Association of HLA class II alleles/haplotypes and amino acid variations in the peptide binding pockets with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chinniah Rathika , Rajendran Meenakshi Sundari , Sivanadham Ramgopal , Adaikalam Muthu Lakshmi , Ravi Padma Malini , Vijayan Murali , Boopathy Seerala , Pandi Sasiharan , Sevak Vandit , Karuppiah Balakrishnan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, caused by environmental and genetic factors.AimTo elucidate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1*/DQB1* alleles/haplotypes and the variations of polymorphic amino acid changes in peptide binding pockets in RA patients from south India.MethodsHLA typing was performed in 176 RA patients and 176 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction—sequence‐specific primers method.ResultsStrong susceptible association for alleles such as DRB1*04:01(odds ratio [OR] = 3.66), 04:06 (OR = 3.81), 03:01 (OR = 2.93), 06:01 (OR = 2.53) and protective association for alleles such as DRB1*13:01 (OR = 0.17), 14:01 (OR = 0.15), 05:02 (OR = 0.17), and 05:03 (OR = 0.338) were observed in RA patients. The 2‐locus haplotypes such as 04‐02:01 (OR = 3.844), 04‐06:01 (OR = 6.57), 07‐03:01 (OR = 6.16), 07‐06:01 (OR = 3.42), 12‐06:01 (OR = 5.24), 15‐03:01 (OR = 4.69) with susceptible and DRB1*14‐DQB1*05:03 (OR = 0.078) with protective associations were observed in RA patients. The acid‐base analysis revealed that the basic group BB allele was positively associated (OR = 2.372) and the acidic group AA allele was negatively associated (OR = 0.086). The analysis on shared epitopes has revealed that the combination QKRAA+, (Q)RRAA+ or (Q)RRAA− was positively associated with RA (OR = 2.78). The amino acid variation at HLA‐DQβ molecule revealed susceptible associations for residues E86 and L87 (P1); E74 (P3); A13, Y26, I/S28, T28, I71 and E74 (P4); L9, T30, D37 and D57 (P9), whereas, the amino acids A86 and T87 (P1); S74 (P3); G13/26, A71 and S74 (P4); H30 and T37, S57 (P9), showed protective associations.ConclusionsAlleles DRB1*04:06 and*04:01 showed strong susceptible and DRB1*13:01 and *14:01 showed protective associations in RA patients. The amino acid variations in DQβ molecules revealed significant molecular markers for susceptibility to and protection from RA in south India.
Dietary yeast influences ethanol sedation in Drosophila via serotonergic neuron function
Authors: Schmitt Rebecca E. , Messick Monica R. , Shell Brandon C. , Dunbar Ellyn K. , Fang Huai‐Fang , Shelton Keith L. , Venton B. Jill , Pletcher Scott D. , Grotewiel Mike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAbuse of alcohol is a major clinical problem with far‐reaching health consequences. Understanding the environmental and genetic factors that contribute to alcohol‐related behaviors is a potential gateway for developing novel therapeutic approaches for patients that abuse the drug. To this end, we have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model to investigate the effect of diet, an environmental factor, on ethanol sedation. Providing flies with diets high in yeast, a routinely used component of fly media, increased their resistance to ethanol sedation. The yeast‐induced resistance to ethanol sedation occurred in several different genetic backgrounds, was observed in males and females, was elicited by yeast from different sources, was readily reversible, and was associated with increased nutrient intake as well as decreased internal ethanol levels. Inhibition of serotonergic neuron function using multiple independent genetic manipulations blocked the effect of yeast supplementation on ethanol sedation, nutrient intake, and internal ethanol levels. Our results demonstrate that yeast is a critical dietary component that influences ethanol sedation in flies and that serotonergic signaling is required for the effect of dietary yeast on nutrient intake, ethanol uptake/elimination, and ethanol sedation. Our studies establish the fly as a model for diet‐induced changes in ethanol sedation and raise the possibility that serotonin might mediate the effect of diet on alcohol‐related behavior in other species.
Biological traits of Epitrix papa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), a new potato pest in Europe, and implications for pest management
Authors: Boavida Conceição , Santos Márcia , Naves Pedro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe biological traits of Epitrix papa were studied at different temperatures.
Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature, from 102.3 days at 15 °C to 29.7 days at 30 °C. The preoviposition period ranged from 7.2 to 19.9 days, the oviposition period from 44 to 115 days, and the fecundity from 63.7 to 190.2 eggs per female, respectively, at 15 and 25 °C.
Eggs hatched in 7–9 days and 50.1% developed to adults.
Female longevity ranged from 150 and 160 days at 15 °C to 60 days at 22 and 25 °C. At 20 °C, both sexes had a similar life span of approximately 90 days but, at 15 °C, males had a significantly longer life span (189 days) than females (150 days).
The development rate (y) was related to temperature (x) by the function y = 0.0016× −0. 013 (r2 = 0.921), the lower developmental threshold was 8.1 °C and 625 degree‐days were required for completing development.
Based on this model, three or four generations per year were predicted in Central Portugal, although only the first‐ and second‐generation larvae develop during the main cropping season. By predicting the emergence of first‐generation adults, the model provides a tool for improving the pest management strategy.
NT5C1B and FH are closely associated with cryoprotectant tolerance in spermatozoa
Authors: Song Won‐Hee , Ryu Do‐Yeal , Pang Won‐Ki , Yoon Sung‐Jae , Rahman Md Saidur , Pang Myung‐Geol 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCryoprotective agent (CPA) addition during sperm cryopreservation causes detrimental effects on sperm function and quality. We previously reported that CPA addition adversely affects bull sperm physiological functions and shows differentially expressed proteins.ObjectivesTo study functional and proteomic alterations between high CPA‐tolerant spermatozoa (HCS) and low CPA‐tolerant spermatozoa (LCS) in bull.Materials and methodsBull semen was collected from the cauda epididymides of Korean bull (Hanwoo) and suspended in Tris‐egg yolk buffer (TYB). The collected fresh semen was diluted down to a final concentration of 6% glycerol TYB solution. After CPA exposure to the sperm cells from individual bulls, the percentage of sperm motility was examined by utilizing a computer‐assisted sperm analysis system. According to sperm motility value, the HCS (motility above 80%) and LCS (motility below 60%) groups were evaluated for sperm function parameters (swimming speed, capacitation, viability, and mitochondrial function) and protein expression.ResultsThe HCS group had good sperm function parameters following CPA addition, whereas sperm functions in the LCS group were significantly reduced. There were differentially expressed proteins between the HCS and LCS groups. Cytosolic 5‐nucleotidase 1B and fumarate hydratase were abundantly expressed in the HCS group, while F‐actin‐capping protein subunit beta, voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 2, and cytochrome b‐c1 complex subunit 1 had a lower expression in the HCS group than in the LCS group.Discussion and conclusionIdentified proteins implicate potential markers to predict CPA‐tolerable spermatozoa, which could provide a method of selecting animals and breeds with cryoprotectant resistance.
Immune mechanisms and possible immune therapy in testicular germ cell tumours
Authors: Chovanec M. , Mardiak J. , Mego M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTesticular germ cell tumours (GCTs) are the only universally curable solid malignancy. The long‐term cure rate of >95% is attributed to the extraordinary sensitivity to cisplatin‐based treatment but a proportion of patients die due to a progression of the chemotherapy‐refractory disease. While treatment of a variety of solid cancers was significantly improved with recent immune therapies, the immunology and immunotherapy remained underinvestigated in GCTs.ObjectivesIn this narrative review, we summarize evidence about immune‐related mechanisms and possible immune therapies in GCTs and provide insights and implications for future research and clinical practice.Materials and methodsWe performed a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE to identify original and review articles reporting on immune mechanisms and immunotherapy in GCTs. Review articles were further searched for additional original articles.ResultsClear link of immune surveillance and the presence of GCT have been identified with several novel immune‐related prognostic biomarkers published recently. Several case reports, case series, and preliminary results from phase I‐II studies are emerging to report on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.DiscussionNewly discovered immune biomarkers provide an evidence supporting the role of immune environment in the GCT biology. While these discoveries provide only an initial insight into the immunobiology, strong correlation with prognosis is evident. This provided a premise to investigate the treatment efficacy of novel immunotherapy. Some efficacy of these treatments has been reported in clinical setting; however, the results of published studies with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy seem to be disappointing.ConclusionImmune‐related mechanisms and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in GCTs should be further investigated in preclinical and clinical studies.
Exact or approximate inference in graphical models: why the choice is dictated by the treewidth, and how variable elimination can be exploited
Authors: Peyrard N. , Cros M.‐J. , de Givry S. , Franc A. , Robin S. , Sabbadin R. , Schiex T. , Vignes M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryProbabilistic graphical models offer a powerful framework to account for the dependence structure between variables, which is represented as a graph. However, the dependence between variables may render inference tasks intractable. In this paper, we review techniques exploiting the graph structure for exact inference, borrowed from optimisation and computer science. They are built on the principle of variable elimination whose complexity is dictated in an intricate way by the order in which variables are eliminated. The so‐called treewidth of the graph characterises this algorithmic complexity: low‐treewidth graphs can be processed efficiently. The first point that we illustrate is therefore the idea that for inference in graphical models, the number of variables is not the limiting factor, and it is worth checking the width of several tree decompositions of the graph before resorting to the approximate method. We show how algorithms providing an upper bound of the treewidth can be exploited to derive a ‘good' elimination order enabling to realise exact inference. The second point is that when the treewidth is too large, algorithms for approximate inference linked to the principle of variable elimination, such as loopy belief propagation and variational approaches, can lead to accurate results while being much less time consuming than Monte‐Carlo approaches. We illustrate the techniques reviewed in this article on benchmarks of inference problems in genetic linkage analysis and computer vision, as well as on hidden variables restoration in coupled Hidden Markov Models.
Multiphase experiments with at least one later laboratory phase. II. Nonorthogonal designs
Authors: Brien C. J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPrinciples and laws that apply to nonorthogonal multiphase experiments are developed and illustrated using examples that are nonorthogonal but structure‐balanced, not structure, but first‐order, balanced or unbalanced, thus exposing the differences between the different design types. The design of such experiments using standard designs, a catalogue of designs and computer searches is exemplified. Factor–allocation diagrams are employed to depict the allocations in the examples, and used in producing the anatomies of designs or, when possible, the related skeleton‐analysis‐of‐variance tables, to assess the properties of designs. The formulation of mixed models based on them is also described. Tools used for structure‐balanced experiments are also shown to be applicable to those experiments that are not.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection in children with respiratory tract infections and influence on management – a retrospective cohort study in Switzerland
Authors: Dierig Alexa , Hirsch Hans Hellmuth , Decker Marie‐Luise , Bielicki Julia Anna , Heininger Ulrich , Ritz Nicole 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the frequency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal specimens from children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and to detail clinical characteristics and management.MethodsThe study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. All children with RTI and nucleic acid amplification testing from nasopharyngeal specimens were analysed. Clinical data were extracted from electronic health records for all M. pneumoniae‐positive cases. Stored samples of cases and a random selection of matched controls were retested using a M. pneumoniae‐specific nucleic acid amplification test.ResultsOf 4460 children, 70 (1.6%) were positive for M. pneumoniae with a median age of 6.4 (IQR: 2.7–9.7). M. pneumoniae was the only organism identified in 50/64 (78%) cases. Macrolide treatment was prescribed in 52/65 (80%); prescription was empirical in 29/52 (56%) and targeted in 23/52 (44%) with no difference regarding patient age, oxygen requirement or duration of hospitalisation.ConclusionThe prevalence of M. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal specimens of children with RTI was low. The detection of M. pneumoniae influenced antibiotic prescriptions, but the benefit of early empirical versus targeted treatment remains unclear.
Effects of different types of classroom physical activity breaks on children’s on‐task behaviour, academic achievement and cognition
Authors: Mavilidi Myrto F. , Drew Ryan , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. , Schmidt Mirko , Riley Nicholas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThis study examined the effects of different types of classroom physical activity breaks on children’s on‐task behaviour, academic achievement and cognition.MethodsParticipants were 87 Australian primary school students (mean age 9.11 ± 0.62 years), recruited from one school. Three classes were randomly assigned either to activity breaks only (n = 29), activity breaks and mathematics combined (n = 29), or control conditions involving only mathematical content (n = 29). Students were engaged in five minutes of classroom physical activity breaks, three times per week, for four weeks (divided into two minutes at the beginning of the usual mathematics curriculum lesson and three minutes in the middle of the lesson). Assessments were conducted at baseline and post‐test.ResultsSignificant group‐by‐time effects were found for on‐task behaviour (active engagement: activity breaks and mathematics combined versus control, p ≤ 0.001; activity breaks versus control, p ≤ 0.001; activity breaks and mathematics combined versus activity breaks, p = 0.037; passive engagement: activity breaks and mathematics combined versus control, p ≤ 0.001) and mathematics scores (activity breaks versus control, p = 0.045).ConclusionPhysical activity breaks with and without integrated mathematics content were effective in improving children’s on‐task behaviour and learning scores.
Obstructed minibasins on a salt‐detached slope: An example from above the Sigsbee canopy, northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Duffy Oliver B. , Fernandez Naiara , Peel Frank J. , Hudec Michael R. , Dooley Tim P. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSalt‐detached gravity gliding/spreading systems having a rugose base‐of‐salt display complex strain patterns. However, little was previously known about how welding of supra‐salt minibasins to the sub‐salt may influence both the downslope translation of minibasins on salt‐detached slopes and the regional pattern of supra‐salt strain. Using a regional 3D seismic reflection data set, we examine a large salt‐stock canopy system with a rugose base on the northern Gulf of Mexico slope, on which minibasins both subside and translate downslope. Some minibasins are welded at their bases and others are not. We suggest that basal welds obstruct downslope translation of minibasins and control regional patterns of supra‐canopy strain. The distribution of strain above the canopy is complex and variable. Each minibasin that becomes obstructed modifies the local strain field, typically developing a zone of shortening immediately updip and an extensional breakaway zone immediately downdip of the obstructed minibasin. This finding is corroborated by observations from a physical sandbox model of minibasin obstruction. We also find in our natural example that minibasins can be obstructed to different degrees, ranging from severe (e.g., caught in a feeder) to mild (e.g., welded to a flat or gently dipping base‐of‐salt). By mapping both the presence of obstructed minibasins and the relative degree of minibasin obstruction, we provide an explanation for the origin of complex 3‐D strain fields on a salt‐detached slope and, potentially, a mechanism that explains differential downslope translation of minibasins. In minibasin‐rich salt‐detached slope settings, our results may aid: i) structural restorations and regional strain analyses; ii) prediction of subsalt relief in areas of poor seismic imaging; and iii) prediction of stress fields and borehole stability. Our example is detached on allochthonous salt and where the base‐of‐salt is rugose, with the findings applicable to other such systems worldwide (e.g., Gulf of Mexico; Scotian Margin, offshore eastern Canada). However, our findings are also applicable to systems where the salt is autochthonous but has significant local basal relief (e.g., Santos Basin, Brazil; Kwanza Basin, Angola).
Harmful care. To what extent is terminology from medicine and clinical psychology applicable to out‐of‐home care?
Authors: Shanks Emelie , Jonsson Ulf , Wiklund Stefan , Rozental Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch concerning outcomes for children who have been placed in out‐of‐home care has indicated that the care may have unwanted consequences. However, there has been no coherent terminology for differentiating between different types of such unwanted consequences. In this article therefore, we attempt to disentangle different aspects of potentially harmful care for looked after children, as well as to discuss potential pathways to more systematically approach and report adverse events for this group. In this endeavour, we turn to two adjacent disciplines, medicine and psychology, where these issues have received more interest. The applicability of the concepts used in these fields is discussed, and it is concluded that although they provide some help in categorizing different aspects of harmful care, the complexity of out‐of‐home care makes existing models difficult to adopt without adjustments. This has consequences for the possibility of evaluating care in research, as well as for monitoring adverse events in practice. Importantly, the causality will often be unknown. We therefore suggest that it is essential to shed more light on how decisions should be made about when to intervene or not in out‐of‐home care, despite limited information.