bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleich von hoch- und mittelintensiven Gewichtsabnahmeprogrammen bei Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 – eine randomisierte klinische Untersuchung
Authors: Schröder Guido , Boldt Raimond , Kundt Günther , Hamann Franka , Schober Hans-Christof 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Adipositas ist eine multifaktoriell verursachte Erkrankung mit steigender Prävalenz. Sie geht häufig einher mit einer verminderten körperlichen Belastbarkeit und Beschwerden in den beanspruchten Gelenken. Gleichzeitig besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Tumoren. In vielen Fällen ist der Lebensalltag der Patienten spürbar eingeschränkt. Die derzeitige Therapie besteht aus einer Ernährungs- und Verhaltensumstellung sowie adäquater Bewegung. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es zu prüfen, inwiefern ein klinikeigenes Trainingsprogramm herkömmlichen multimodalen Therapieregimen im Hinblick auf die Gewichts- und BMI-Reduktion ebenbürtig oder gar überlegen ist. Zugleich wurde der Einfluss der Trainingsmaßnahmen auf den Blutdruck, den Blutzucker, das Cholesterin und die Lipoproteine untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 59 Adipositaspatienten per Losverfahren zwei Behandlungsgruppen zugeteilt, wobei die eine Gruppe traditionelle multimodale Therapiemaßnahmen (DOC-Weight®, DW) und die andere Gruppe ein klinikeigenes Training (SMART-Weight, SW) absolvierte, jeweils wöchentlich über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten. Das Studiendesign entsprach einer monozentrischen und randomisierten Untersuchung zweier Behandlungsgruppen. Die Datenaufnahme erfolgte zu drei Messzeitpunkten: zu Interventionsbeginn, nach 6 sowie nach 12 Monaten. 37 Patienten (63 %) nahmen bis zum Schluss an der Untersuchung teil. Beide Gruppen trainierten multimodal – die Faktoren Ernährung, Verhalten und Bewegung.In beiden Gruppen ließen sich positive und statistisch signifikante Trainingseffekte hinsichtlich der Reduzierung des BMI und des Bauchumfangs nachweisen. Zudem reduzierte sich der diastolische Blutdruck nur in der Gruppe SW sehr signifikant. Gleichzeitig verminderte sich in dieser Gruppe das Cholesterin in signifikantem Umfang. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte auch die Frage der Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg (Reduzierung des BMI um 5 % nach 12 Monaten) geklärt werden. Es sind der Blutzuckerspiegel, der Bauchumfang und tendenziell das Geschlecht.Die Untersuchungsergebnisse bestätigen die bekannten positiven Effekte multimodaler Therapien hinsichtlich der Reduzierung von BMI und Bauchumfang. Gleichzeitig konnte mit dem klinikeigenen Therapieprogramm eine Behandlungsalternative aufgezeigt werden, die eine nochmalige Verbesserung des diastolischen Blutdrucks und des Cholesterins mit sich bringt.
4D-Flow MRI: Technique and Applications
Authors: Sträter Alexandra , Huber Armin , Rudolph Jan , Berndt Maria , Rasper Michael , Rummeny Ernst , Nadjiri Jonathan 
Published: August 2018

Background Blood flow through the cavities of the heart and great vessels is pulsatile and is subject to time and multidirectional variations. To date, the recording of blood flow in multiple directions and phases has been limited. 4D-flow MRI offers advantages for the recording, visualization and analysis of blood flow.
Method The status quo of the method was summarized through analysis with the PubMed database using the keywords “4D-flow MRI, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, MR flow imaging/visualization, MR flow quantification, 3 D cine (time-resolved) phase-contrast CMR, three-directional velocity-encoding MRI”.
Results/Conclusion This review summarizes the current status of the technical development of 4D-flow MRI, discusses its advantages and disadvantages and describes clinical applications. Finally, the most important principles and parameters are explained to give the reader relevant information about clinical indications, postprocessing methods and limitations of the method.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Alterations in Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Carbamazepine in Rats Treated with Sodium alginate: Possible Interaction between Therapeutic Drugs and Semi-solid Enteral Nutrients
Authors: Nagai Katsuhito , Omotani Sachiko , Ito Akihiko , Nishimura Ikumi , Hatsuda Yasutoshi , Mukai Junji , Teramachi Hitomi , Myotoku Michiaki 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Objective The use of enteral nutrients plays an extremely important role in accurate nutrition management. Sodium alginate (SA) is frequently used for the semi-solidification of enteral nutrients. In the present study, we investigated whether the pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered carbamazepine (CBZ) is altered by a treatment with SA immediately before and after dosing of the drug. Furthermore, the adsorption effects of SA on CBZ were examined using an in vitro analysis.
Method SA was orally administered to rats just before and immediately after CBZ dosing. The CBZ concentration profile following its oral administration was analyzed by a non-compartmental method. The adsorption of CBZ onto SA was evaluated after centrifugation using an ultrafiltration device.
Findings The serum concentration of orally administered CBZ at each sampling point was reduced by the treatment with SA, and the extent of the decrease observed in the concentration of CBZ was larger when SA was ingested immediately after administration of the drug, which was consistent with the alteration observed in the value of the area under the curve (AUC). No significant differences were noted in the elimination rate at the terminal phase (ke) among the groups. In the in vitro assay, CBZ was adsorbed by SA in the solution used to reflect fluid in the intestinal tract.
Conclusions The pharmacological efficacies of CBZ might be reduced by SA through the pharmacokinetic interactions, and that the careful attention should be paid to the timing of administration of CBZ and semi-solid enteral nutrients.
Genome-Wide Association Study Links Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sprouty 2 to Thrombocytopenia after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Karhausen Jörn , Qi Wenjing , Smeltz Alan , Li Yi-Ju , Shah Svati , Kraus William , Mathew Joseph , Podgoreanu Mihai , Kertai Miklos ,   for the Duke Perioperative Genetics Safety Outcomes (PEGASUS) Investigative Team
Published: August 2018

Introduction Thrombocytopenia after cardiac surgery independently predicts stroke, acute kidney injury and death. To understand the underlying risks and mechanisms, we analysed genetic variations associated with thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.
Materials and Methods Study subjects underwent isolated on-pump CABG surgery at Duke University Medical Center. Post-operative thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count < 100 × 109/L. Using a logistic regression model adjusted for clinical risk factors, we performed a genome-wide association study in a discovery cohort (n = 860) and validated significant findings in a replication cohort (n = 296). Protein expression was assessed in isolated platelets by immunoblot.
Results A total of 63 single-nucleotide polymorphisms met a priori discovery thresholds for replication, but only 1 (rs9574547) in the intergenic region upstream of sprouty 2 (SPRY2) met nominal significance in the replication cohort. The minor allele of rs9574547 was associated with a lower risk for thrombocytopenia (discovery cohort, odds ratio, 0.45, 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.67, p = 9.76 × 10−5) with the overall association confirmed by meta-analysis (meta-p = 7.88 × 10−6). Immunoblotting demonstrated expression of SPRY2 and its dynamic regulation during platelet activation. Treatment with a functional SPRY2 peptide blunted platelet extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation after agonist stimulation.
Conclusion We identified the association of a genetic polymorphism in the intergenic region of SPRY2 with a decreased incidence of thrombocytopenia after CABG surgery. Because SPRY2—an endogenous receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor—is present in platelets and modulates essential signalling pathways, these findings support a role for SPRY2 as a novel modulator of platelet responses after cardiac surgery.
Benefit of Risk Score-Guided Prophylaxis in Pregnant Women at Risk of Thrombotic Events: A Controlled Before-and-After Implementation Study
Authors: Chauleur Céline , Gris Jean-Christophe , Laporte Silvy , Chapelle Céline , Bertoletti Laurent , Equy Véronique , Gaucherand Pascal , Bazan Eva , Dupuis Olivier , Gallot Denis , Mismetti Patrick ,   The STRATHEGE Investigators and The STRATHEGE Group
Published: August 2018

Background Management of pregnant women at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and placental vascular complications (PVCs) remains complex. Guidelines do not definitively specify optimal strategies.
Objective Our objective was to evaluate the impact of employing risk score-driven prophylaxis strategies on VTE and PVC rates in at-risk pregnant women.
Materials and Methods This study, conducted in 21 French maternity units, compared VTE and PVC rates before and after implementation of a risk scoring system to determine prophylactic strategies.
Results A total of 2,085 pregnant women at risk of VTE or PVC were enrolled. Vascular events occurred in 190 (19.2%) patients before and 140 (13.0%) after implementation of risk score-driven prophylaxis (relative risk [RR] = 0.68 [0.55; 0.83]). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy was reduced (RR = 0.30 [0.14; 0.67]). PVC comprised mainly pre-eclampsia, occurring in 79 patients before and 42 patients after risk score implementation (RR = 0.52 [0.36; 0.75]). Post-partum haemorrhage occurred in 32 patients (3.2%) before and 48 patients (4.5%) after risk score implementation (RR = 1.38 [0.89; 2.13], p = 0.15).
Conclusion Use of a simple risk scoring system, developed by experts in VTE and PVC research to guide prophylaxis, reduced the risk of thrombotic events during pregnancy without any significant increase in bleeding risk.
Thromboembolism Incidence and Risk Factors in Children with Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pelland-Marcotte Marie-Claude , Pole Jason , Kulkarni Ketan , Athale Uma , Stammers David , Sabapathy Christine , Halparin Jessica , Brandão Leonardo , Sung Lillian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is conflicting information about the epidemiology of thromboembolism (TE) in paediatric oncology. Objectives were to describe the incidence and risk factors of TE in children with cancer. We included all children with cancer less than 15 years of age diagnosed from 2001 to 2016, treated at one of the 12 Canadian paediatric centres outside of Ontario and entered into the Cancer in Young People-Canada database. Potential risk factors for TE were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by haematological malignancies versus solid tumours. Factors associated with vascular access- and non-vascular access-related TE were compared using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Of the 7,471 children included, 283 experienced TE requiring medical intervention; cumulative incidence of TE at 5 years was 3.8 ± 0.2% and 0.36% ± 0.07% for life-threatening or fatal TE. For haematological malignancies, the following factors were associated with TE in multivariable regression: age < 1 year, 5 to 9.99 years and 10 to 14.99 years (relative to age 1–4.99 years), haematopoietic stem cell transplant (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.32), anthracyclines (HR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.12–4.37) and asparaginase (HR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.15–2.44). For solid tumours, obesity (HR = 1.92, 95% CI, 1.01–3.68), surgery (HR = 2.70, 95% CI, 1.44–5.08), radiation (HR = 47.51, 95% CI, 24.01–94.01), anthracyclines (HR = 2.74, 95% CI, 1.29–5.82) and platinum agents (HR = 2.26, 95% CI, 1.19–4.28) were associated with TE. Life-threatening and fatal TEs were more common among non-vascular access TEs (14.5% vs. 3.3% p = 0.001). In a population-based cohort, 4% of children with cancer developed a clinically significant TE. Accurate risk stratification tools are needed specific to malignancy type.
The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper body anaerobic exercise and cognitive performance
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Dobell Alexandra P. , Caygill Chloe L. , Eyre Emma , Tallis Jason 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current study examined the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on mean and peak power production during upper body Wingate test (WANT) performance, rating of perceived exertion, readiness to invest effort and cognitive performance. Using a double‐blind design, 12 males undertook upper body WANTs, following ingestion of caffeine (5 mg*kg−1) or placebo. Pre‐substance ingestion, 60 mins post substance ingestion and post exercise participants completed measures of readiness to invest physical and mental effort and cognitive performance. Peak power was significantly higher (P = .026), fatigue index greater (P = .02) and rating of perceived exertion lower (P = .025) in the presence of caffeine. Readiness to invest physical effort was also higher (P = .016) in the caffeine condition irrespective of time point (pre, 60 mins post ingestion and post exercise). Response accuracy for incongruent trials on the Flanker task was superior in the presence of caffeine (P = .006). There was a significant substance × time interaction for response speed in both congruent and incongruent conditions (both P = .001) whereby response speeds were faster at 60 mins post ingestion and post exercise in the caffeine condition, compared to placebo. This is the first study to examine the effects of caffeine ingestion on this modality of exercise and suggests that caffeine ingestion significantly enhances peak power, readiness to invest physical effort, and cognitive performance during WANT performance.
Integration of biocrude production from fast pyrolysis of biomass with solar PV for dispatchable electricity production
Authors: Perkins Greg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article analyses the integration of distributed biocrude production facilities using fast pyrolysis with solar photovoltaic (PV) for dispatchable electricity production. The strong growth of intermittent electricity generation from solar PV and wind is leading to a greater need for energy storage at grid scale and dynamic demand management. Various forms of energy storage, including electrochemical (e.g. batteries), mechanical (e.g. flywheels) and gravitational (e.g. pumped-hydro), are being developed. This work studies the issues of integrating fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce biocrude that can be readily stored in tanks and combusted to produce electricity when required to supplement the electricity generation from a solar PV unit to meet an arbitrary energy demand curve. The use of biomass pyrolysis in this application has a range of benefits, including the flexibility to augment intermittent renewables, the integration of more bioenergy into the electricity sector and the creation of commercial quantities of biocrudes that can be refined into renewable transport fuels such as jet fuel for which few other alternatives exist. Biocrudes, especially partially upgraded, can be stored and used when required in engines and gas turbines, making them a suitable fuel for augmenting the intermittent nature of solar and wind projects. The development of the distributed 100% renewable power stations using a mix of biomass/biocrude and solar PV and/or wind would also increase the certainty of supply, knowledge of quality and price of raw biocrudes that can also be used to supply a centralized biorefinery, thereby substantially reducing the risk of investing in new biorefinery capacity.
Development and Decline of the Hippocampal Long-Axis Specialization and Differentiation During Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories
Authors: Langnes Espen , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Sneve Markus H , Amlien Inge K , Walhovd Kristine B , Fjell Anders M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Change in hippocampal function is a major factor in life span development and decline of episodic memory. Evidence indicates a long-axis specialization where anterior hippocampus is more engaged during encoding than during retrieval, and posterior more engaged during retrieval than during encoding. We tested the life span trajectory of hippocampal long-axis episodic memory-related activity and functional connectivity (FC) in 496 participants (6.8–80.8 years) encoding and retrieving associative memories. We found evidence for a long-axis encoding–retrieval specialization that declined linearly during development and aging, eventually vanishing in the older adults. This was mainly driven by age effects on retrieval, which was associated with gradually lower activity from childhood to adulthood, followed by positive age relationships until 70 years. This pattern of age effects characterized task engagement regardless of memory success or failure. Especially for retrieval, children engaged posterior hippocampus more than anterior, while anterior was relatively more activated already in teenagers. Significant intrahippocampal connectivity was found during task, which declined with age. The results suggest that hippocampal long-axis differentiation and communication during episodic memory tasks develop rapidly during childhood, are different in older compared with younger adults, and that the age effects are related to task engagement, not the successful retrieval of episodic memories specifically.
“It’s Like I Never Had a Child of My Own”: Care and Support for the Elderly in a Changing Socioeconomic Context in Rural Uganda
Authors: Amurwon Jovita 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Individual households remain important for elderly care and support in resource-limited settings. Factors such as availability of young people and ownership of assets are important for care and support for the elderly. This article examines changing trends in accessing care and support for the elderly in a context of socioeconomic changes such as increasing school attendance and outmigration of youth from rural areas.

Method
Rich data from the life stories of individuals from 22 households in rural Uganda collected in 2009–2010 were analyzed.

Results
The elderly were lacking care and support, as the youth experienced increasing schooling and outmigration. The loss of young adults from HIV infection deprived the elderly of care and support, and increased their responsibilities of caring for the sick and the orphans. Mitigating factors included remittances and asset ownership. The availability of free health care encouraged people to stay in households to utilize these resources while also caring for the elderly members.

Discussion
With the current socioeconomic transformations, the rules and resources used in the traditional care system no longer serve as a “safety network” for the elderly. Adaptation efforts from individual households cannot deal with the multiple concurrent changes. Programs to increase education should consider investing in additional social programs, especially for those who are negatively impacted by increased access to education.
Perianal Infections in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Canadian Infection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research Group
Authors: Renzi Samuele , Bartram Jack , Ali Salah , Portwine Carol , Mitchell David , Dix David , Lewis Victor , Price Victoria , Johnston Donna L , Sung Lillian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Among 235 children with acute myeloid leukemia, 17 experienced 19 perianal infections. Among 12 episodes with definite abscess, 75% were severely neutropenic. Sixteen diagnostic imaging evaluations were performed; diagnostic yield was similar between computerized tomography of pelvis (5 of 10) and ultrasound (3 of 5). Consistent management approaches to perianal infection should be developed.
Vitamin D status in preschool children: should vitamin D supplementation, preventing vitamin D deficiency be continued in children over 2 years?
Authors: Esmaeili dooki M R , Moslemi L , Moghadamnia A A , Alijanpour Aghamaleki M , Bijani A , Pornasrollah M , Ashrafianamiri H 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among preschool children in rural and urban areas of Northern Iran and need for continuing vitamin D supplementation after 2 years of age.

Method
A sample of 406 children aged 30–72 months was selected from health centres. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), demographic data, anthropometric characteristics and total body surface area, were evaluated.

Results
Subnormal vitamin D levels were found in 68.94% (269) of children. In multiple logistic regression models, season (P = 0.001) and residency (P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = −0.18, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = −1.1, P < 0.001) and sun exposure (β = 0.4, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 25OHD level.

Conclusion
Owing to the high prevalence of subnormal vitamin D levels in preschool children, it is recommended that vitamin D deficiency prevention programs are continued in this age group.
FRACTAL DIMENSION AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES OF THE CENTRAL MACULA AFTER REPAIR OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Aggarwal Kanika , Akella Madhuri , Agrawal Rupesh , Khandelwal Neha , Bansal Reema , Singh Ramandeep , Gupta Vishali ,   for the OCTA Study Group
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
Patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) may have suboptimal visual recovery, despite successful reattachment due to various reasons. This study was performed to evaluate the retinal microvasculature in subjects undergoing surgery for RRD using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
In this case–control study, the analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography findings of 19 eyes of 19 patients (15 men) who underwent RRD surgery at a tertiary institute were compared with 19 eyes of 19 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects with no known ocular disease. 3 × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans were obtained at 3 months postoperatively and analyzed. Optical coherence tomography angiography images of patients with RRD and control subjects were analyzed for capillary density index and fractal dimensions.

Results:
Mean age of the patients was 40.21 years, and the mean age of controls was 43.73 years. Eight eyes underwent scleral buckling alone, and 11 eyes underwent primary vitrectomy with gas tamponade (C3F8 gas) for macula-off RRD. None of the eyes had redetachment during the follow-up at 3 months. Mean capillary density index among patients was 33.28% ± 0.99% and 34.06% ± 2.22% in the superficial and deep retinal plexuses, respectively, compared with 36.11% ± 1.29% and 37.52% ± 1.24% among controls (P < 0.001). The mean fractal dimension was lower among subjects compared with controls (1.46 vs. 1.61 in the superficial plexus, P < 0.001; 1.58 vs. 1.64 in the deep plexus, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography demonstrates significant reduction in mean capillary density index and fractal dimension in patients after surgery for RRD in our patients. Thus, reduction in vascular perfusion and branching pattern identified using novel analysis techniques on optical coherence tomography angiography images may provide an insight into the reasons for suboptimal visual gain after RRD surgery.