bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Encryption Strategy of Photonic Crystals with Bilayer Inverse Heterostructure Guided from Transparency Response
Authors: Qi Yong , Chu Lin , Niu Wenbin , Tang Bingtao , Wu Suli , Ma Wei , Zhang Shufen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCombining functional response materials into colloidal photonic crystals is an accepted encryption strategy for information security. Here, bilayer inverse heterostructure photonic crystals that enable instantaneously transparentizing of the top layer and simultaneously releasing the reflected light of the bottom layer when exposed to ethanol are reported. The transition can quickly return to its original state after the evaporation of ethanol. In addition, the bilayer film is responsive to water, which shows redshift of the bandgap position. The mechanism of the design involves optical scattering and diffraction in the fabricated periodic nanostructures and uses the infiltration and capillary evaporation of fluids with low surface tension to realize the spectral diversity of reflectance. The effects of scattering and color superposition of the upper layer can be obliterated and re‐established for the fact of the infiltration and capillary evaporation of fluids with low surface tension; meanwhile, it provisionally displays the pattern of the bottom layer. Multiple reversible ways to hide and display information could be easily realized by these characteristics. Reconfigurable bilayer inverse heterostructure photonic crystals simultaneously provide a simple and sensitive optical technique for investigating the intriguing encryption effects at the nanoscale.
Rational Engineering of Multilayered Co3O4/ZnO Nanocatalysts through Chemical Transformations from Matryoshka‐Type ZIFs
Authors: Huang Zhongliang , Fan Longlong , Zhao Feigang , Chen Bin , Xu Kaiji , Zhou Shu‐Feng , Zhang Jinli , Li Qingbiao , Hua Dan , Zhan Guowu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid metal oxides with multilayered structures exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, particularly important to heterogeneous catalysis. However, regulations of morphology, spatial location, and shell numbers of the hybrid metal oxides still remain a challenge. Herein, binary Co3O4/ZnO nanocages with multilayered structures (up to eight layers) are prepared via chemical transformation from diverse Matryoshka‐type zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) via a straightforward and scalable calcination method. More importantly, the obtained ZIF‐derived metal oxides (ZDMOs) with versatile layer numbers exhibit remarkable catalytic activity for both gas‐phase CO oxidation and CO2 hydrogenation reactions, which are directly related to the sophisticated shell numbers (i.e., Co3O4‐terminated layers or ZnO‐terminated layers). Particularly, in situ reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results indicate that the promotional effects of the multilayered structures indeed exist in CO2 hydrogenation, wherein the key reaction intermediates are quite different for five‐layer and six‐layer ZDMOs. For instance, *HCOO is the predominant intermediate over the six‐layer ZDMO; on the contrary, *H3CO is the crucial species over the five‐layer ZDMO. The ZnO/Co3O4 interface should be the active sites for CO2 hydrogenation to *HCOO and *H3CO species, which are ultimately converted to the products (CH4 or methanol). Accordingly, the work here provides a convenient way to facilely engineer multilayered Co3O4/ZnO nanocomposites with precisely controlled shell numbers for heterogeneous catalysis applications.
Engineering Symmetry‐Breaking Nanocrescent Arrays for Nanolasing
Authors: Lin Yuanhai , Wang Danqing , Hu Jingtian , Liu Jianxi , Wang Weijia , Guan Jun , Schaller Richard D. , Odom Teri W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a symmetry‐breaking plasmonic lattice structure that can support narrow resonances as optical feedback for nanolasing. A scalable technique is developed to fabricate nanocrescent arrays with low‐structural symmetry unit cells to achieve in‐plane quadrupolar lattice plasmon modes. These lattice plasmons with extremely narrow linewidths preserve nonzero net dipole moments under normal excitation. Ultrafast band‐edge lasing can be switched on and off by changing the polarization of the incident pump light. The quadrupolar lattice plasmon lasing process is simulated with a semi‐quantum model and the sharp tips on the nanocrescents accelerate the lasing buildup process and enhance stimulated emission.
Liquid Assembly of Floating Nanomaterial Sheets for Transparent Electronics
Authors: Su Zongming , Yu Henry S. C. , Zhang Xiaosheng , Brugger Juergen , Zhang Haixia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel pattern strategy of a nanomaterial network that can self‐assemble onto prepatterned soft substrate to realize ultra‐transparent electronics is presented. The approach detailed is based on the combination of nanomaterials' self‐assembly at the water–air interface to form nanomaterial networks and the breakage phenomenon of water–nanomaterial membranes to form designed patterns. With the comprehensive investigation of this phenomenon, nanomaterial networks are manipulated to attach to prepatterned sidewalls. This leads to a remarkable transparency improvement without conductive property decline. Three 1D nanomaterials with various geometries are demonstrated to verify the universal feature of this pattern strategy, including silver nanowire (AgNW), carbon nanotube, and zinc oxide nanowire. Furthermore, sequential layer‐by‐layer deposition of several 1D nanomaterials has also been demonstrated by using the proposed approach, revealing an attractive potential of multiple‐junction transparent electronics. The fabricated micro‐grid structure of AgNWs with a line width of 5 µm and pitch of 150 µm has a sheet resistance of 37.88 Ω sq−1 and an optical transmittance of 86.06%. This fabrication strategy opens up opportunities for different nanomaterials in many transparent and wearable applications.
Terahertz Time‐Domain Spectroscopy and Near‐Field Microscopy of Transparent Silver Nanowire Networks
Authors: van Hoof Niels , Parente Matteo , Baldi Andrea , Rivas Jaime Gómez 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransparent conductive layers are key components of optoelectronic devices. Here, a polyol method is used to synthesize large quantities of monodisperse silver nanowires (AgNWs) and these are used to fabricate transparent conducting networks over large areas. The optical extinction and terahertz (THz) conductance of these networks are simultaneously investigated, using optical and THz spectroscopy, and THz near‐field microscopy. The combination of optical and THz measurements allows the identification of transparent regions with high conductance. The THz near‐field measurements reveal local variations in the THz transmission and conductance that are averaged in far‐field measurements. These results demonstrate that THz near‐field microscopy is a powerful tool for the quantitative investigation of new conductive transparent electrodes.
In Vivo Editing of Macrophages through Systemic Delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9‐Ribonucleoprotein‐Nanoparticle Nanoassemblies
Authors: Lee Yi‐Wei , Mout Rubul , Luther David C. , Liu Yuanchang , Castellanos‐García Laura , Burnside Amy S. , Ray Moumita , Tonga Gulen Yeşilbag , Hardie Joseph , Nagaraj Harini , Das Riddha , Phillips Erin L. , Tay Tristan , Vachet Richard W. , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMacrophages are key effectors of host defense and metabolism, making them promising targets for transient genetic therapy. Gene editing through the delivery of Cas9‐ribonucleoprotein (RNP) provides multiple advantages over gene delivery–based strategies for introducing CRISPR machinery to the cell. There are, however, significant physiological, cellular, and intracellular barriers to the effective delivery of the Cas9 protein and guide RNA (sgRNA) that have to date, restricted in vivo Cas9 protein–based approaches to local/topical delivery applications. Described herein is a new nanoassembled platform featuring coengineered nanoparticles and Cas9 protein that has been developed to provide efficient Cas9‐sgRNA delivery and concomitant CRISPR editing through systemic tail‐vein injection into mice, achieving >8% gene editing efficiency in macrophages of the liver and spleen.
Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich (SPARC) Regulates the Pathological Response to Ischemic Insults and Represents a Promising Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment
Authors: Zhou Yu , Peng Jing , Cheng Lamei , Peng Yong , Zhang Mingming , Liu Min , Avery Jonathan , Zhou Jiangbing , Jiang Yugang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSecreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) is a nonstructural, multifunctional matricellular protein involved in tissue development, extracellular matrix, and immune response. In this study, by using mice deficient in SPARC, the role of SPARC in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is characterized. It is found that, compared to the wild‐type mice, SPARC deficient mice demonstrated 48.3% reduction in cerebral infarction after ischemia insult. Mechanistically, it is shown that SPARC deficiency significantly reduces ischemia induced cellular apoptosis, diminishes inflammatory response in the ischemic area as well as in the circulatory system, and enhances the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. It is further assessed if SPARC could be targeted for stroke treatment through intraventricular or intravenous administration of SPARC neutralizing antibody. It is found that delivery of SPARC antibody through either route effectively reduces ischemia‐induced infarction. Taken together, the study suggests that SPARC plays an important role in the pathological response to ischemic insults, and represents a promising therapeutic target for clinical management of stroke.
3D geometric morphometric analysis of variation in the human lumbar spine
Authors: Lois Zlolniski Stephanie , Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , García‐Martínez Daniel , Blanco‐Pérez Esther , Mata‐Escolano Federico , Barash Alon , Nalla Shahed , Martelli Sandra , Sanchis‐Gimeno Juan A. , Bastir Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe shape of the human lumbar spine is considered to be a consequence of erect posture. In addition, several other factors such as sexual dimorphism and variation in genetic backgrounds also influence lumbar vertebral morphology. Here we use 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) to analyze the 3D morphology of the lumbar spine in different human populations, exploring those potential causes of variation.Material and methodsWe collected 390 (semi) landmarks from 3D models of the CT scans of lumbar spines of seven males and nine females from a Mediterranean population (Spain, Israel) and seven males and either females from a South African population for geometric morphometric (GM) analysis. We carried out Generalized Procrustes Analysis, Principal Components, and Regression analyses to evaluate shape variation; and complemented these analyses with the Cobb Method.ResultsThe Mediterranean sample was considerably more lordotic than the South African sample. In both populations, female lumbar spines showed proportionally narrower and more craniocaudally elongated lumbar segments than in males. In addition, the point of maximum curvature in females tended to be located more inferiorly than in males.DiscussionOur results show that sexual dimorphism is an important factor of lumbar spine variation that mainly affects features of lumbar spine robustness (height proportions) and the structure—but not the degree—of its curvature. Differences in lordosis, however, are clearer at the inter‐population level. This reflects previous conflicting studies casting doubts on pregnancy as an adaptive factor influencing lordosis. Other factors, for example, shape of the individual lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs and their relative proportions within the lumbar spine should be considered when exploring variation in vertebral column morphology.
Exceeding Metal Capacity in Sandwich Complexes: Ligand‐Unsupported Docking of Extra Metal Moieties at Edges of a Metal Sheet Sandwich Complex
Authors: Ishikawa Tomoko , Kawamura Akino , Sugawa Tsuyoshi , Moridaira Risako , Yamamoto Koji , Murahashi Tetsuro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ligand‐unsupported accommodation of extra metal moieties in a sandwich complex is reported. Although it has been considered that the metal‐capacity of a metal sheet sandwich complex is strictly limited by the size of cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands, the M−M edge bonds in a metal sheet sandwich complex provide a ligand‐unsupported docking site for extra metal moieties, allowing expansion of metal‐capacity in sandwich complexes. The metal sheet sandwich complex [Pd4(μ4‐C8H8)(μ4‐C9H9)]+, in which the ligand‐based metal capacity is full in terms of the usage of all C=C moieties of the smaller carbocyclic ligand C8H8 in coordination, can accommodate extra M0{P(OPh)3}2 (M=Pd, Pt) moieties without coordinative assistance by either the C9H9 or the C8H8 ligand.
Access to Aryl‐Naphthaquinone Atropisomers by Phosphine‐Catalyzed Atroposelective (4+2) Annulations of δ‐Acetoxy Allenoates with 2‐Hydroxyquinone Derivatives
Authors: Chen Xin , Gao Dingding , Wang Dong , Xu Tong , Liu Wei , Tian Ping , Tong Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough asymmetric phosphine catalysis is a powerful tool for the construction of various chiral carbon centers, its synthetic potential toward an enantioenriched atropisomer has not been explored yet. Reported herein is a phosphine‐catalyzed atroposelective (4+2) annulation of δ‐acetoxy allenoates and 2‐hydroxyquinone derivatives. The reaction provides expedient access to aryl‐naphthaquinone atropisomers by the de novo construction of a benzene ring. The two functionalities of the catalyst, a tertiary phosphine (Lewis base) and a tertiary amine (Brønsted base), cooperatively enable this process with high regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
NHC‐Coordinated Diphosphene‐Stabilized Gold(I) Hydride and Its Reversible Conversion to Gold(I) Formate with CO2
Authors: Dhara Debabrata , Das Shubhajit , Pati Swapan K. , Scheschkewitz David , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Jana Anukul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn NHC‐coordinated diphosphene is employed as ligand for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon‐soluble monomeric AuI hydride, which readily adds CO2 at room temperature yielding the corresponding AuI formate. The reversible reaction can be expedited by the addition of NHC, which induces β‐hydride shift and the removal of CO2 from equilibrium through the formation of an NHC‐CO2 adduct. The AuI formate is alternatively formed by dehydrogenative coupling of the AuI hydride with formic acid (HCO2H), thus in total establishing a reaction sequence for the AuI hydride mediated dehydrogenation of HCO2H as chemical hydrogen storage material.
Reversible Formation of a Light‐Responsive Catalyst by Utilizing Intermolecular Cooperative Effects
Authors: Ren Chloe Z.‐J. , Solís Muñana Pablo , Dupont Julien , Zhou Silvia Siru , Chen Jack L.‐Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA photoresponsive system where structure formation is coupled to catalytic activity is presented. The observed catalytic activity is reliant on intermolecular cooperative effects that are present when amphiphiles assemble into vesicular structures. Photoresponsive units within the amphiphilic pre‐catalysts allow for switching between assembled and disassembled states, thereby modulating the catalytic activity. The ability to reversibly form cooperative catalysts within a dynamic self‐assembled system represents a conceptually new tool for the design of complex artificial systems in water.
Cooperative Tertiary Amine/Chiral Iridium Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric [4+3] and [3+3] Annulation Reactions
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Chao , Chen Zhi , Yang Zhen‐Hong , Guo Li , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAsymmetric reactions merging organocatalysis and metal catalysis significantly broaden the scope of organic synthesis. Nevertheless, the accomplishment of stereoselective annulations combining two types of dipole species, independently generated from the activations of organocatalysts and metal complexes, still remains as a challenging task. Now, Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates from isatins and carbamate‐functionalized allyl carbonates could be chemoselectively activated by achiral Lewis basic tertiary amines and chiral iridium complexes. The zwitterionic allylic ylides and 1,4‐π‐allyliridium dipoles formed in situ are assembled in a highly stereoselective [4+3] annulation pattern. Similar cooperative catalytic strategy could be applied for the reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and vinyl aziridines, furnishing an asymmetric [3+3] annulation reaction also with excellent stereocontrol.
High‐Precision Size Recognition and Separation in Synthetic 1D Nanochannels
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Xinyi , Jiang Qiuhong , Addicoat Matthew , Huang Ning , Dalapati Sasanka , Heine Thomas , Huo Fengwei , Jiang Donglin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow elaborate manufacture of ordered one‐dimensional channels in the crystal. We defined a superlattice of COFs by engineering channels with a persistent triangular shape and discrete pore size. We observed a size‐recognition regime that is different from the characteristic adsorption of COFs, whereby pore windows and walls were cooperative so that triangular apertures sorted molecules of one‐atom difference and notch nanogrooves confined them into single‐file molecular chains. The recognition and confinement were accurately described by sensitive spectroscopy and femtosecond dynamic simulations. The resulting COFs enabled instantaneous separation of mixtures at ambient temperature and pressure. This study offers an approach to merge precise recognition, selective transport, and instant separation in synthetic 1D channels.
Facile strategy and mechanism of greatly toughening epoxy resin using polyethersulfone through controlling phase separation with microwave‐assisted thermal curing technique
Authors: Deng Huiyuan , Yuan Li , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTToughening has been the essential issue for developing high‐performance thermosetting resins. Herein, starting from polyethersulfone (PES) and bisphenol A epoxy resin (EP), a facile strategy is developed to prepare tough resins through controlling phase structure with microwave‐assisted thermal curing. PES/EP resins cured with the assistance of microwave curing (m‐PES/EP) have two major differences compared with those using traditional heat curing (t‐PES/EP), one is high degree of phase separation, and the other is phase separation mechanism. Initial phase separation of all t‐PES/EP resins follows spinodal decomposition mechanism, while those of m‐PES/EP systems with 8 wt% and 18 wt% of PES follow nucleation and growth mechanism. These differences are derived from the fact that microwave curing has much faster phase separation rate and curing reaction rate than thermal curing owing to the higher thermal effect. Differences in phase structure bring different macro performances, and m‐PES/EP systems have higher impact strengths, fracture toughnesses, and flexural strengths than t‐PES/EP resins. This investigation provides a facial and effective way of developing higher performance thermoplastic/thermosetting resin system through controlling phase structure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48394.
Preparation and mechanism analysis of morphology‐controlled cellulose nanocrystals via compound enzymatic hydrolysis of eucalyptus pulp
Authors: Tong Xin , Shen Wenhao , Chen Xiaoquan , Jia Mengyu , Roux Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFirst, making from eucalyptus cellulose fiber, the influences of different compound enzymolysis conditions on the morphology of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were studied. Under the actions of the compound enzyme composed of cellulase and xylanase with the concentration ratio of 9:1, total enzyme concentrations of 10 and 500 U mL−1 and the hydrolysis time of 12 and 5 h, the rod‐like CNCs (length 600 nm, width 30 nm) and the spherical CNCs (40 nm) were obtained, respectively. Subsequently, the crystallinities, chemical structures, and thermal stabilities of the rod‐like and spherical CNCs revealed that, the CNCs structures were still similar to those of the eucalyptus cellulose fiber, the thermal decomposition temperatures of the rod‐like and spherical CNCs (345, 343 °C) were a little lower than that of the eucalyptus cellulose fiber (364 °C). Lastly, the control mechanism of CNC morphology by the compound enzymatic hydrolysis was also discussed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48407.
Solution mixing preparation of PVDF/ZnO polymeric composite films engineered for heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Dossin Zanrosso Crissie , Piazza Diego , Lansarin Marla Azário 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the efforts of the scientific community, carrying out photocatalyst immobilization so that industrial application of photocatalysis becomes economically feasible is still a challenge to be overcome. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/ZnO composites were prepared by solution mixing based on solid knowledge of membrane technology and with the help of a powerful experimental design for systematic evaluation of the interaction among variables. A strategy for variable screening was used, followed by a complete evaluation at two levels, leading to predictive models. As a result, photocatalyst amount, pore agent concentration, and wet thickness were the most significant in the target molecule discoloration. With this, it was possible to obtain a 40 and 186% enhancement in photocatalytic efficiency compared to previous results and simple photolysis, respectively. Finally, the samples were characterized by FTIR‐ATR, XRD, and SEM and chemical, crystalline and morphological differences were observed both with nanoparticle and pore agent incorporation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48417.
Determining keystone species complexes and macroscopic properties for improving ecosystem‐based conservation practices in coral reefs along the western Caribbean Sea (Mexico and Honduras)
Authors: Hermosillo‐Núñez Brenda B. , Ortiz Marco , Rodríguez‐Zaragoza Fabián A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Coral ecosystems have been subjected to disturbances caused by humans that threaten their health and alter their structure and functioning.
Trophic models were constructed in three coral reef ecosystems along the western Caribbean Sea (Mexico and Honduras) to evaluate the structure, organization, health, and species and functional groups that play keystone roles in these ecosystems.
The quantification of the macroscopic properties showed that Media Luna Reef (Honduras) is a more mature, developed, organized, and healthy ecosystem but, in turn, is less resistant to perturbations.
The outcomes showed that the ecological systems with reduced human disturbances were more mature and healthy. Likewise, the keystone species complexes contributed considerably to the maturity, development, and health of such coral ecosystems.
Several exploited species were integrated into the keystone species complexes, which also would increase resistance against perturbations.
These findings suggest that current fisheries management strategies could be improved within a network context to achieve the sustainable usage of resources and to include management programmes to conserve the current conditions of Media Luna Reef.