bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Route Synthesized Co2P/Ru/N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Hybrids as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for High‐Performance Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Caixia , Dong Shihua , Ge Xiaoli , Zhang Peng , Miao Xianguang , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chengxiang , Yin Longwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe large‐scale commercial application of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) is overwhelmed by the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) associated with insoluble and insulated Li2O2. Herein, an elaborate design on a highly catalytic LOBs cathode constructed by N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNT) with in situ encapsulated Co2P and Ru nanoparticles is reported. The homogeneously dispersed Co2P and Ru catalysts can effectively modulate the formation and decomposition behavior of Li2O2 during discharge/charge processes, ameliorating the electronically insulating property of Li2O2 and constructing a homogenous low‐impedance Li2O2/catalyst interface. Compared with Co/CNT and Ru/CNT electrodes, the Co2P/Ru/CNT electrode delivers much higher oxygen reduction triggering onset potential and higher ORR and OER peak current and integral areas, showing greatly improved ORR/OER kinetics due to the synergistic effects of Co2P and Ru. Li–O2 cells based on the Ru/Co2P/CNT electrode demonstrate improved ORR/OER overpotential of 0.75 V, excellent rate capability of 12 800 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, and superior cycle stability for more than 185 cycles under a restricted capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. This work paves an exciting avenue for the design and construction of bifunctional catalytic cathodes by coupling metal phosphides with other active components in LOBs.
Charge Transfer Salt and Graphene Heterostructure‐Based Micro‐Supercapacitors with Alternating Current Line‐Filtering Performance
Authors: Zhao Doudou , Chang Wei , Lu Chenbao , Yang Chongqing , Jiang Kaiyue , Chang Xing , Lin Hualin , Zhang Fan , Han Sheng , Hou Zhongsheng , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of lightweight and wearable devices requires electronic circuits possessing compact, high‐efficiency, and long lifetime in very limited space. Alternating current (AC) line filters are usually tools for manipulating the surplus AC ripples for the operation of most common electronic devices. So far, only aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) can be utilized for this target. However, the bulky volume in the electronic circuits and limited capacitances have long hindered the development of miniaturized and flexible electronics. In this work, a facile laser‐assisted fabrication approach toward an in‐plane micro‐supercapacitor for AC line filtering based on graphene and conventional charge transfer salt heterostructure is reported. Specifically, the devices reach a phase angle of 73.2° at 120 Hz, a specific capacitance of 151 µF cm−2, and relaxation time constant of 0.32 ms at the characteristic frequency of 3056 Hz. Furthermore, the scan rate can reach up to 1000 V s−1. Moreover, the flexibility and stability of the micro‐supercapacitors are tested in gel electrolyte H2SO4/PVA, and the capacitance of micro‐supercapacitors retain a stability over 98% after 10 000 cycles. Thus, such micro‐supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance can be almost compared with the AECs and will be the next‐generation capacitors for AC line filters.
Maltase Decorated by Chiral Carbon Dots with Inhibited Enzyme Activity for Glucose Level Control
Authors: Zhang Mengling , Wang Huibo , Wang Bo , Ma Yurong , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Shao Mingwang , Yao Bowen , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing attention in disease therapy owing to their low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Their therapeutic effect strongly depends on the CDs structure (e.g., size or functional groups). However, the impact of CDs chirality on maltase and blood glucose level has not yet been fully emphasized and studied. Moreover, in previous reports, chiral CDs with targeted optical activity have to be synthesized from precursors of corresponding optical rotation, severely limiting chiral CDs design. Here, chiral CDs with optical rotation opposite to that of the precursor are facilely prepared through electrochemical polymerization. Interestingly, their chirality can be regulated by simply adjusting reaction time. At last, the resultant (+)‐DCDs (700 µg mL−1) are employed to modify maltase in an effort to regulate the hydrolytic rate of maltose, showing an excellent inhibition ratio to maltase of 54.7%, significantly higher than that of (−)‐LCDs (15.5%) in the same reaction conditions. The superior performance may be attributed to the preferable combination of DCDs with maltase. This study provides an electrochemical method to facilely regulate CDs chirality, and explore new applications of chiral CDs as antihyperglycemic therapy for controlling blood glucose levels.
Origin of Performance Enhancement in TiO2‐Carbon Nanotube Composite Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Macdonald Thomas J. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Kim Jinhyun , Tune Daniel D. , Ambroz Filip , Li Xiaoe , Xu Shengda , Sol Christian , Papakonstantinou Ioannis , McLachlan Martyn A. , Parkin Ivan P. , Shapter Joseph G. , Durrant James R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes are shown to be beneficial additives to perovskite solar cells, and the inclusion of such nanomaterials will continue to play a crucial role in the push toward developing efficient and stable device architectures. Herein, titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube composite perovskite solar cells are fabricated, and device performance parameters are correlated with spectroscopic signatures of the materials to understand the origin of performance enhancement. By probing the charge carrier dynamics with photoluminescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, the results indicate that charge transfer is not improved by the presence of the carbon nanotubes. Instead, carbon nanotubes are shown to passivate the electronic defect states within the titanium dioxide, which can lead to stronger radiative recombination in the titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube films. The defect passivation allows the perovskite solar cells made using an optimized titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube composite to achieve a peak power conversion efficiency of 20.4% (19% stabilized), which is one of the highest values reported for perovskite solar cells not incorporating a mixed cation light absorbing layer. The results discuss new fundamental understandings for the role of carbon nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells and present a significant step forward in advancing the field of high‐performance photovoltaics.
Abnormal visual event detection based on multi‐instance learning and autoregressive integrated moving average model in edge‐based Smart City surveillance
Authors: Xu Xianghua , Liu LiQiming , Zhang Lingjun , Li Ping , Chen Jinjun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe abnormal visual event detection is an important subject in Smart City surveillance where a lot of data can be processed locally in edge computing environment. Real‐time and detection effectiveness are critical in such an edge environment. In this paper, we propose an abnormal event detection approach based on multi‐instance learning and autoregressive integrated moving average model for video surveillance of crowded scenes in urban public places, focusing on real‐time and detection effectiveness. We propose an unsupervised method for abnormal event detection by combining multi‐instance visual feature selection and the autoregressive integrated moving average model. In the proposed method, each video clip is modeled as a visual feature bag containing several subvideo clips, each of which is regarded as an instance. The time‐transform characteristics of the optical flow characteristics within each subvideo clip are considered as a visual feature instance, and time‐series modeling is carried out for multiple visual feature instances related to all subvideo clips in a surveillance video clip. The abnormal events in each surveillance video clip are detected using the multi‐instance fusion method. This approach is verified on publically available urban surveillance video datasets and compared with state‐of‐the‐art alternatives. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has better abnormal event detection performance for crowded scene of urban public places with an edge environment.
Caterpillar: A business process execution engine on the Ethereum blockchain
Authors: López‐Pintado Orlenys , García‐Bañuelos Luciano , Dumas Marlon , Weber Ingo , Ponomarev Alexander 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBlockchain platforms, such as Ethereum, allow a set of actors to maintain a ledger of transactions without relying on a central authority and to deploy programs, called smart contracts, that are executed whenever certain transactions occur. These features can be used as basic building blocks for executing collaborative business processes between mutually untrusting parties. However, implementing business processes using the low‐level primitives provided by blockchain platforms is cumbersome and error‐prone. In contrast, established business process management systems (BPMSs), such as those based on the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), provide convenient abstractions for rapid development of process‐oriented applications. This article demonstrates how to combine the advantages of a BPMS with those of a blockchain platform. The article introduces a blockchain‐based BPMN execution engine, named Caterpillar. Like any BPMN execution engine, Caterpillar supports the creation of instances of a process model and allows users to monitor the state of process instances and to execute tasks thereof. The specificity of Caterpillar is that the state of each process instance is maintained on the (Ethereum) blockchain and the workflow routing is performed by smart contracts generated by a BPMN‐to‐Solidity compiler. The Caterpillar compiler supports a large array of BPMN constructs, including subprocesses, multiple‐instance activities, and event handlers. The paper describes the architecture of Caterpillar and the interfaces it provides to support the monitoring of process instances, the allocation and execution of work items, and the execution of service tasks.
BAM - Backlog Assessment Method
Authors: Svensson Richard Berntsson , Gorschek Tony , Bengtsson Per-Olof , Widerberg Jonas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe necessity of software as stand-alone products, and as central parts of non-traditional software products have changed how software products are developed. It started with the introduction of the agile manifesto and has resulted in a change of how software process improvements (SPI) are conducted. Although there are agile SPI methods and several agile practices for evaluating and improving current processes and ways-of-working, no method or practices for evaluating the backlog exists. To address this gap, the Backlog Assessment Method (BAM) was developed and applied in collaboration with Telenor Sweden. BAM enables agile organizations to assess backlogs, and assure that the backlog items are good-enough for their needs and well aligned with the decision process. The results from the validation show that BAM is feasible and relevant in an industrial environment, and it indicates that BAM is useful as a tool to perform analysis of items in a specific backlog.
Artifact-Facilitated Communication in Agile User-Centered Design
Authors: Garcia Andrei , da Silva Tiago Silva , Silveira Milene Selbach 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the main challenges faced while establishing the integration of Agile and User-Centered Design is how to facilitate communication among the invariably distinct involved practitioners. Advocating the use of artifacts as enablers in this scenario, this paper aims to explore and understand the artifacts which can facilitate the communication between developers and designers in an Agile User-Centered Design approach. Drawing upon a netnography of a globally-distributed online community, we carried out community observation, data collection, and data analysis. The data analysis and interpretation pointed out two major themes: artifacts facilitate communication and artifacts support collaboration. Our paper provides an overview of the artifacts used for communication in Agile User-Centered Design and highlights how artifact-facilitated communication ensues in the industry through a perspective from practitioners.
Using Social Network Analysis to Investigate the Collaboration Between Architects and Agile Teams: A Case Study of a Large-Scale Agile Development Program in a German Consumer Electronics Company
Authors: Uludağ Ömer , Kleehaus Martin , Erçelik Soner , Matthes Florian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the past two decades, agile methods have transformed and brought unique changes to software development practice by strongly emphasizing team collaboration, customer involvement, and change tolerance. The success of agile methods for small, co-located teams has inspired organizations to increasingly use them on a larger scale to build complex software systems. The scaling of agile methods poses new challenges such as inter-team coordination, dependencies to other existing environments or distribution of work without a defined architecture. The latter is also the reason why large-scale agile development has been subject to criticism since it neglects detailed assistance on software architecting. Although there is a growing body of literature on large-scale agile development, literature documenting the collaboration between architects and agile teams in such development efforts is still scarce. As little research has been conducted on this issue, this paper aims to fill this gap by providing a case study of a German consumer electronics retailer’s large-scale agile development program. Based on social network analysis, this study describes the collaboration between architects and agile teams in terms of architecture sharing.
Is retinal vasculature a biomarker in amyloid proven Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: den Haan Jurre , van de Kreeke Jacoba A. , van Berckel Bart N. , Barkhof Frederik , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , Verbraak Frank D. , Bouwman Femke H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe retina is a potential source of noninvasive vascular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed retinal microvasculature in well‐characterized AD cases, taking ophthalmological confounders into account.MethodsWe included 48 amyloid‐positive AD patients and 38 amyloid‐negative cognitively normal control subjects. All participants underwent ophthalmological screening to exclude interfering ocular disease. Using a multimodal approach, we measured retinal vascular parameters, choroidal thickness, macular vascular density, and foveal avascular zone size.ResultsWe found no disease effects on retinal vascular measures (all β′s < |0.15|, all P > .2), adjusted for confounders. Venular tortuosity was inversely associated with Fazekas score in control subjects (β −0.56, P < .01), while vessel density in the outer ring of the macula was inversely associated with Fazekas score in AD cases (β −0.64, P < .01).DiscussionIn conclusion, retinal vasculature did not discriminate patients with AD from control subjects, despite evident changes on clinical, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, challenging the use of retinal vasculature measurements as AD biomarker.
Staging the Gaze: Early Christian Apocalypses and Narrative Self-Representation
Authors: Maier Harry O. 
Published: May 2019

In Minucius Felix'sOctavius, the pagan Caecilius offers an intriguing critique of the Christian God. Having pilloried Christian faith as trust in a “solitary, forlorn God, whom no free nation, no kingdom, no superstition known to Rome has knowledge of,” he goes on to mock him as a voyeur:[W]hat monstrous absurdities these Christians invent about this God of theirs, whom they can neither show nor see! That he searches diligently into the ways and deeds of all people, yea even their words and hidden thoughts, hurrying to and fro, everywhere present at once; they make him out to be a troublesome, restless being, who has a hand in everything that is done, is shamelessly curious, interlopes at every turn, and can neither attend to particulars because he is distracted with the whole, nor to the whole because he is engaged with particulars.
Vancomycin Control Measures at a Tertiary-Care Hospital: Impact of Interventions on Volume and Patterns of use
Authors: Singer Mary V. , Haft Rachel , Barlam Tamar , Aronson Mark , Shafer Amy , Sands Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Evaluate vancomycin prescribing patterns in a tertiary-care hospital before and after interventions to decrease vancomycin utilization.DESIGN: Before/after analysis of interventions to limit vancomycin use.SETTING: 420-bed academic tertiary-care center.INTERVENTIONS: Educational efforts began August 10, 1994, and involved lectures to medical house staff followed by mailings to all physicians and posting of guidelines for vancomycin use on hospital information systems. Active interventions began November 15, 1994, and included automatic stop orders for vancomycin at 72 hours, alerts attached to the medical record, and, for 2 weeks only, computer alerts to physicians following each vancomycin order. Parenteral vancomycin use was estimated from the hospital pharmacy database of all medication orders. Records of a random sample of 344 patients receiving van-comycin between May 1, 1994, and April 30, 1995, were reviewed for an indication meeting published guidelines.RESULTS: Vancomycin prescribing decreased by 22% following interventions, from 8.5 to 6.8 courses per 100 discharges (P<.05). The estimated proportion of van-comycin ordered for an indication meeting published guidelines was 36.6% overall, with no significant change following interventions. However, during the 2 weeks that computer alerts were in place, 60% of vancomycin use was for an approved indication.CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral vancomycin prescribing decreased significantly following interventions, but the majority of orders still were not for an indication meeting published guidelines. Further improvement in the appropriateness of vancomycin prescribing potentially could be accomplished by more aggressive interventions, such as computer alerts, or by targeting specific aspects of prescribing patterns.
Land and sea-based observations and first satellite tracking results support a New Ireland breeding site for the Critically Endangered Beck’s Petrel Pseudobulweria beckii
Authors: RAYNER MATT J. , BAIRD KAREN A. , BIRD JEREMY , CRANWELL STEVE , RAINE ANDRĒ F. , MAUL BERNARD , KURI JULY , ZHANG JINGJING , GASKIN CHRIS P. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe Beck’s Petrel Pseudobulweria beckii is a ‘Critically Endangered’ seabird whose breeding sites remain unknown. Historic observations suggest the species’ distribution is concentrated in the Bismarck Archipelago and particularly southern New Ireland. Over the course of two research expeditions in 2016 and 2017 we used on-land and at-sea observations, local interviews and satellite telemetry to understand the distribution of the species, its at-sea movements and potential breeding locations. Land-based and at-sea observations indicated that the area of Silur Bay in southern New Ireland was a significant site for Beck’s Petrel with numbers of birds increasing near shore prior to dusk and birds observed in spotlights over land. A local population is estimated to be in the low thousands. In 2017 a single Beck’s was captured at sea, fitted with a satellite transmitter and tracked for eight months. This bird maintained a core distribution off the south-east coast of New Ireland and north of Bougainville for 122 days. During the tracking period, the bird was located over land at night seven times; predominantly over southern New Ireland, where the signal was also lost for extended periods suggesting occupancy of an underground burrow. In August the bird migrated 1,400 km to a core pelagic habitat north of West Papua before the signal was eventually lost. Our combination of land- and sea-based observations and analysis of behaviour from satellite tracking supports the conclusion that a breeding site for Beck’s Petrel lies in the inland mountains of southern New Ireland and most likely in the high-altitude zone (> 2000 m) of the Hans Meyer Range. Further investigations are required to determine the exact location of breeding colonies in the mountains of southern New Ireland and the importance of a potential west Papuan non-breeding pelagic habitat for the species.
Benzyladenine promotes early activation of p34cdc2-like kinase(s) during maize germination
Authors: Herrera-Teigeiro Ivonne , Jiménez-García Luis F. , Vázquez-Ramos Jorge M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cell cycle is regulated, at least partially, by protein phosphorylation, activity that is carried out by a series of calcium-independent protein kinases among which the p34cdc2kinase plays a preponderant role. The behaviour of p34cdc2-like protein kinase(s) has been followed during germination of maize in the presence or absence of the synthetic cytokinin benzyladenine (BA). Whereas there is an increase in p34cdc2-like kinase(s) activity at 15 h of germination in the presence of BA, coinciding with a peak of Ca2+-independent kinase activity, the amount of either the transcript for p34cdc2or of the corresponding protein(s) does not show much variation during the 0–24 h period of germination studied, whether the phytohormone is present or not. Benzyladenine stimulates the cell cycle and promotes an early mitosis during maize germination. We have found evidence that BA promotes the movement of the p34cdc2-like protein(s) to nuclei several hours before this takes place during germination of control seeds, and this may constitute part of the mechanism by which the phytohormone promotes cytokinesis in plants.
Evidence for the role of abscisic acid in the genetic and environmental control of dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: Garello G. , Le Page-Degivry M.T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrain production of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv Recital and Scipion), known for their different germination behaviour, was studied at two different temperatures. The study of dormancy onset during grain development showed that in both cultivars, dormancy developed on the mother plant. In Recital grain, after a period of high germinability, dormancy developed for a transient period. However, full germination was obtained on medium supplemented with fluridone, showing that dormancy was associated with abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inside the grain. Dormancy progressively disappeared during natural drying, at a slower rate for grains developing at 15°C than for grains developing at 25°C. However, at both temperatures, the release from dormancy was complete at maturity. In Scipion grain, dormancy was almost total throughout grain development irrespective of the temperature. However, grains could germinate in the presence of fluridone: changes in sensitivity to fluridone were observed during grain development, showing an increase in dormancy during the first half of development, followed by a progressive decrease during the second half. This decrease occurred later for grains developing at 15°C than for those developing at 25°C. In Scipion grain, unlike the cultivar Recital, release from dormancy was not completed before the end of development on the mother plant. An additional dry storage period was necessary which was shorter for grains developed at 25°C than for grains produced at 15°C. A comparison of embryo ABA levels after a 24-h culture in the presence or absence of fluridone, allowed the ABA synthesis to be estimated. It appears that the depth of dormancy was related to the estimated ABA synthesis capacity of the embryos.