bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting low concentrations of unsaturated C—C bonds by parahydrogen‐induced polarization using an efficient home‐built parahydrogen generator
Authors: Jeong Keunhong , Min Sein , Chae Heelim , Namgoong Sung Keon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractParahydrogen is a potentially significant source of hyperpolarization. However, a heat exchanger at an ultralow temperature, which is normally sustained wastefully using liquid nitrogen, is essential for the generation of hyperpolarized parahydrogen. In order to cut down on the use of liquid nitrogen, we employed a cryogenic storage dewar as the key component of our home‐built parahydrogen generator, which lasted over 20 days with a single filling. Small concentrations of an unsaturated compound in a mixture were identified by hydrogenation in a principle‐based experiment involving the use of hyperpolarization and phase difference. Less than 1 μl of styrene in 1 ml of chloroform was identified in a single scan with a 43 MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer following hydrogenation with 50% parahydrogen. This method can potentially undergo a significant development through the use of high‐field NMR techniques, higher parahydrogen concentrations, and increased scan times for data collection, among others. Because hydrogenation with parahydrogen induces a phase reversal during attachment to unsaturated CC bonds, it may be possible to detect many other unsaturated bonds in organic molecules. All in all, this study not only broadens the research on parahydrogen‐based unsaturated‐bond detection, but also facilitates the use of hyperpolarization by a broader range of researchers through the introduction of a long‐lasting home‐built parahydrogen generator.
MASE‐sLASER, a short‐TE, matched chemical shift displacement error sequence for single‐voxel spectroscopy at ultrahigh field
Authors: Rohani Rankouhi Seyedmorteza , Hong Donghyun , Dyvorne Hadrien , Balchandani Priti , Norris David G. 
Published: June 2018

B1 inhomogeneity and chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) increase with the main magnetic field strength and are therefore deleterious for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at ultrahigh field. A solution is to use adiabatic pulses which operate over a broad range of B1 and thus are insensitive to B1 inhomogeneity. Moreover, adiabatic pulses usually have a relatively higher bandwidth, which makes CSDE low to negligible. The use of exclusively adiabatic pulses for single‐voxel spectroscopy (SVS) typically brings the disadvantage of a long echo time (TE), but the advantage of a low and matched CSDE. Herein, we took advantage of short‐duration, low‐power, matched‐phase adiabatic spin echo (MASE) pulses to implement a matched CSDE semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence capable of attaining short TEs, while CSDE is matched and still comparatively low. We also demonstrate here the feasibility of the direct measurement of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) resonance at 2.28 ppm well separated from the neighboring glutamate resonance at 7 T using the implemented MASE‐sLASER sequence at TEs of 68 and 136 ms. The shorter duration of MASE pulses also made it possible to implement a Mescher–Garwood‐semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (MEGA‐sLASER) (with MASE) sequence with TE = 68 ms for editing GABA at 7 T, the results for which are also shown.
Effects of liquid polyisoprene and magnesium oxide on the mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon nanotubes composite
Authors: Wang Chunwei , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2018

Effects of liquid polyisoprene (LIR) and magnesium oxide (MgO) on the mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon nanotubes (SBR/CNT) composite were studied. After LIR was added into SBR/CNT compound, the curing rate and torque decreased, and the Payne effect became less pronounced. The presence of LIR in SBR/CNT vulcanizate could increase the elongation at break, decrease the moduli at given extensions, the stress relaxation factor, and the degree of the stress softening effect. The presence of LIR and MgO in SBR/CNT could increase the moduli at given extensions and the degree of the stress softening effect. CNT could be well dispersed in SBR/CNT/LIR/MgO composite. The Raman characteristic peaks of CNT shifted to low wavenumber with the addition of LIR and MgO into SBR/CNT. LIR and MgO affected the dynamical mechanical properties of SBR/CNT vulcanizate, increasing the elastic modulus, glass transition temperature, and tan δ value at 0°C. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E765–E771, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Financial hardship associated with colorectal cancer survivorship: The role of asset depletion and debt accumulation
Authors: Hanly Paul , Maguire Rebecca , Ceilleachair Alan O , Sharp Linda 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of financial objective stress and subjective strain among colorectal cancer survivors and assess associated financial coping factors in Ireland, which has a mixed public‐private health care system.MethodsColorectal cancer survivors were identified from the National Cancer Registry, and a sample of 496 respondents were included in the analysis. A postal survey collected information on survivor demographics, socio‐economic background, medical characteristics, cancer‐related financial hardship, debt accumulation, and asset depletion. Cancer‐related financial objective stress and subjective strain were used as dependent variables in logistic regression analysis.ResultsApproximately 2 in 5 survivors experienced objective stress (40.9%) or subjective strain (39.4%). Depletion of savings (49.1%) was the most prevalent form of financial coping strategy. Factors significantly associated with increased objective stress were having a stoma (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.9), using savings (OR = 9.4; 95% CI, 4.9‐18.0), formally borrowing money (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐9.6), and loans from family members/friends (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9‐7.8). Not working (excluding retirees) (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.96) was associated with decreased objective stress. Significant predictors of subjective strain included having dependents, a stoma, using savings (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 2.9‐9.5), and loans from family members/friends (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.9) but excluded borrowing money.ConclusionsCancer‐related financial objective stress and subjective strain are common in colorectal cancer survivors, even where all citizens are entitled to publicly funded care, but the financial coping strategies significantly associated with these 2 measures differed. These findings will help inform targeted measures across disparate health care systems and survivor groups to alleviate financial hardship.
Benefits of NaCl addition for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis including the discrimination of diacylglyceride and triacylglyceride ions
Authors: Sämfors Sanna , Ewing Andrew G. , Fletcher John S. 
Published: June 2018

RationaleDiacylglycerides (DAGs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs) are two important lipid classes present in all mammalian cells that share similar chemical structures but differ in biological function in cells and tissues. Differentiation of these two species during time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) analysis is therefore important, but has been difficult due to the formation of DAG‐like ions during the ionization process of TAGs.MethodsWe investigated the use of salt adduct formation as a quick and simple method to determine the origin of the DAG‐like ions in ToF‐SIMS spectra. NaCl was added to lipid standards of a DAG and a TAG and differences in fragmentation patterns were identified. The salt was then applied to prepared tissue samples by spraying with a saturated solution of NaCl in methanol and samples were analysed with ToF‐SIMS using a 40 keV (CO2)6k+ primary ion beam.ResultsA 40 Da peak shift was observed in the DAG spectrum that was not observed in the TAG spectrum ([M + H − H2O]+ to [M + Na]+) while the isobaric [M − RCOO]+ peak did not shift allowing differentiation between the two species. Spraying NaCl on to tissue sections indicated that the DAG‐like ions originated from TAGs.ConclusionsWith the method described in this paper, simple addition of salt by spraying on the sample leads to better interpretation of complex mass spectra from biological tissue samples, discriminating DAG and TAG fragment peaks.
P‐53: Research on Full‐Screen Notch of LTPS LCD
Authors: Xie Huimin , Li Donghua , Wang Zhijie , Zhou Xiufeng , Shen Boping , Li Junyi 
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the full screen mobile phone has developed rapidly. Because the full screen not only improves the value of the mobile phone, but also makes the mobile phone more scientific and technological. Moreover, it can accommodate larger screens for the same size phone body, and has a significant improvement in visual experience.This research adopts reasonable circuit to realize a 0.75mm narrow frame full screen. Its notch width is 21.22mm and the depth is 5.23mm. By optimizing the circuit, the difference between the main screen and the secondary screen is reduced. It allows users to get the best impression.
Theoretical and experimental approach of inhibition effect by sulfamethoxazole on mild steel corrosion in 1‐M HCl
Authors: Prasanna B.M. , Praveen B.M. , Hebbar Narayan , Pavithra M.K. , Manjunatha T.S. , Malladi R.S. 
Published: June 2018

The inhibition effect of sulfamethoxazole on mild steel corrosion in 1‐M hydrochloric acid solution is investigated by electrochemical and quantum chemical measurements. Electrochemical polarization studies show that sulfamethoxazole acts as a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel in 1‐M hydrochloric acid system is studied at different temperatures (303‐333 K). The adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on mild steel surface is an exothermic process and obeys the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Based on the potential of zero charge values and quantum chemical parameters, the mechanism of adsorption is proposed.
Preparation, intercalation, and characterization of nanostructured (Zn, Al) layered double hydroxides (LDHs)
Authors: Richetta M. , Varone A. , Mattoccia A. , Medaglia P.G. , Kaciulis S. , Mezzi A. , Soltani P. , Pizzoferrato R. 
Published: June 2018

The term layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is used to define synthetic or natural lamellar hydroxides with 2 or more kinds of metallic cations in the main layers, and hydrated interlayer domains, containing anionic species. Layered double hydroxides, also known as hydrotalcite materials, have attracted considerable interest from both industry and academia. They are interesting for their intercalation properties as they are capable of accommodating complex organic molecules. Therefore, they find applications in various fields such as separation technology, catalysis biomedical science, and nanocomposite material engineering.First of all 4, in the context of this work, we present 4 samples of (Zn, Al) LDHs, representative of the 2 hosted anions (Cl− and NO3−), prepared with a simple single‐phase hydrothermal technique, using Zn salt as a precursor, deposited on sheets of Al, active as reagent and as a substrate. These preliminary samples, grown for 6 and 24 hours, were intercalated with spermidine and putrescine. Later, (Zn, Al) LDH powders obtained by coprecipitation and intercalated with amino acid cysteine were studied. The properties of LDH nanoplatelets were analysed by surface‐sensitive techniques. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and possibly ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (spectroscopy techniques) have been exploited to investigate the composition of the samples. The structure of LDHs was inspected by X‐ray diffraction, whereas the morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
2D‐Layered MoS2‐Incorporated TiO2‐Nanofiber‐ Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Menon Harigovind , Gopakumar Gopika , Sankaranarayanan Nair Vijayaraghavan , Nair Shantikumar V. , Shanmugam Mariyappan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAtomically thin layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were examined to facilitate electron transport in titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiber network for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Raman active modes observed at 382 cm−1 and 406 cm−1 confirmed the presence of atomically thin MoS2 in TiO2 and transmission electron microscopic studies showed MoS2 with a lattice spacing of 3.12 Å. DSSCs using MoS2 incorporated TiO2 nanofiber as a photo‐anode resulted in 27% enhancement in photo‐conversion efficiency (η) than that of the DSSC using only TiO2 as an electron acceptor. A 26% enhancement in the short circuit current density (JSC) achieved by incorporating 0.1 weight % of MoS2 nanoflakes in the bulk of TiO2 confirmed efficient electron transport achieved by suppressing the probability of electron‐hole capture by TiO2 surface states due to the additional electron transport pathways established by MoS2 which facilitated the photo‐generated electrons to reach the transparent electrode by skipping the TiO2 surface states. Results suggest that further increase in the quantity of MoS2 in TiO2 impedes the electron transport in the bulk as observed with 7% and 38% reduction in η for 0.2 and 0.3 weight % of MoS2 in TiO2. This suggests that the DSSC performance can be increased for an optimum concentration of MoS2 in TiO2 by establishing efficient transport pathways towards the transparent electrode.
Enthralling Adsorption of Different Dye and Metal Contaminants from Aqueous Systems by Cobalt/Cobalt Oxide Nanocomposites Derived from Single‐Source Molecular Precursors
Authors: Mohammad Akbar , Ansari Shagufi Naz , Chaudhary Archana , Ahmad Khursheed , Rajak Richa , Tauqeer Mohd. , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cobalt/cobalt oxide nanocomposites (Co/CoO NCs), NC‐1 and NC‐2 were synthesizedfrom our recently reported single‐source molecular precursors (SSMPs) [Co(hep‐H)(H2O)4]SO4, (1) and [Co(hep‐H)2(H2O)2](NO3)2, (2), [hep‐H= 2‐(2‐hydroxylethyl) pyridine], respectively, via wet‐chemical reduction method. Our purpose was to study the effect of different counter anions (i. e. SO42− and NO3−) of precursors on the surface properties of synthesized materials. Both the nanocomposites were characterized by Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Two distinct morphological as well as surface features have been obtained using 1 and 2 viz. variable spheres (NC‐1) with low surface area and flakes (NC‐2) with high surface area. The adsorption behavior of these nanocomposites on industrial dyes and metals showed excellent dye adsorption (99.6% to 97.2%) and good to moderate metal adsorption efficiency of NC‐1. The NC‐1 could be recycled up to five times for dyes and three times for metals, advocating its practical applications in industry.
Combining a Fluoroalkylsiloxane and Ion Implantation for Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Patterning on a Microstructured Anisotropic Polymer Surface
Authors: Cook Michelle J. , Johnston James H. , Leveneur Jérôme 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHere we report initial findings in the development of a novel system that allows facile hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterning of a polymer surface with only a two‐step process, involving a fluoroalkylsiloxane (FASx) surface functionalization followed by ion implantation treatment. As the FASx functionalization and ion implantation can be applied to other substrates and the resulting hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity is dependent on the FASx chemistry, this system can likely be applied to any substrate to achieve the same hydrophilic/hydrophobic pattern with similar properties. The way in which water interacts with surfaces has an impact on many different industries, for example those involving food processing and heat exchange, and so the ability to control this interaction and determine the wetting behavior of a surface allows for the development of intelligent interfaces to meet specific operational challenges and improve the efficiency and functionality of such surfaces. Compared to uniform surface properties, the design of a surface with particular areas of hydrophilicity and areas of hydrophobicity allows for greater control of the wetting behavior and of the directional flow of water across the surface.
Tough, High stretched, Self‐healing C‐dots/Hydrophobically Associated Composited Hydrogels and Their Use for a Fluorescence Sensing Platform
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Wu Meng , Chen Jing , Zhou Huan , Zhang Yulin , Shi Lingying , Ran Rong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, about 3.5 nm spherical carbon nanodots (C‐dots) were prepared through simple hydrothermal method, then they were introduced into the hydrophobically associated (HA) hydrogels. A new class of double physically crosslinked hydrogels (HCD hydrogels) were successfully prepared. C‐dots act as physical crosslinker in HA physically cross‐linked PAM network, and the hydrogen bond interaction between C‐dots and PAM chains endows the hydrogel with extraordinarily mechanical, high stretched and self‐healing properties. Moreover, introduction of C‐dots gives HCD hydrogels excellent fluorescence properties and good photostability. The location of emision‐wavelength of HCD hydrogel was independent of excitation‐wavelength, while the fluorescence intensity depended on excitation‐wavelength, and increased linearly with the increased concentration of C‐dots. The sensing HCD hydrogel platform based upon ROS of detecting H2O2 was also explored. ROS formed by decomposition of H2O2 induced fluorescence quench of hydrogels. The fluorescence intensity ratio (I0/I) of the H2O2‐HCD at 550 nm correlated linearly with the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.01‐25 μM. Impressively, this fluorescence sensor exhibited high sensitivity, simplicity, cost‐efficiency and broad applicability. Consequently our study demonstrates a general approach to prepare the robust and self‐healing hydrogels which have application potential in sensing fields.
Waste Biomass Based‐Activated Carbons Derived from Soybean Pods as Electrode Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Zhi , Zhu Zhi , Dai Jiangdong , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a simple yet effective chemical activation/carbonization strategy is presented to prepare a hierarchically porous activated carbon with multi‐heteroatom (O, N, and P) self‐doping using waste soybean pods as carbon source. It is found that the resulting carbon activated by KOH possesses richer textural properties than the one activated by ZnCl2. With abundant micro‐, mesopores and interconnected macropores, the KOH‐activating carbon possesses a specific surface area up to 2245 m2 g−1 and a large pore volume of 1.35 cm3 g−1. In a three‐electrode system, the KOH‐activating carbon can deliver a high specific capacitance of 321.1 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. It still can maintain 215.7 F g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1 with a good rate capacity (67.2% retention). When used as symmetric electrode in 1 M Na2SO4 neutral aqueous solution, the SPAC−K//SPAC−K supercapacitor can provide a high energy density up to 22.28 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 450 W kg−1 in a wide voltage window of 0–2.0 V, surpassing most of the previously reported waste biomass‐based carbon materials. The impressive electrochemical performances as well as the low‐cost scalable production manifest that the SPAC−K derived from waste soybean pods can be a promising electrode candidate for supercapacitor application.
Effect of the Type and Number of Organic Addends on Fullerene Acceptors for n‐Type Electronic Devices: Redox Properties and Energy Levels
Authors: Ruff Adrian , Qian Xin , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFullerenes are still among the best performing electron acceptor materials for electronic applications such as organic solar cells, organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells and transistors. We demonstrate that voltammetry is a very powerful tool for the determination of the redox potentials and thus the LUMO levels of various fullerene acceptor materials when identical conditions, i. e. same electrolyte, electrode material and potential standard, are used. The analyzed fullerene derivatives bear several types (indene, anthracene and 1,2‐dimethoxymethano groups) and numbers (mono‐, bis‐ and tris‐adducts) of addends. Our systematical study enables a direct correlation of the values obtained for the individual fullerenes, and a linear relationship of the redox potential and the number of addends was found. The high lying LUMO levels of the bis‐ and tris‐adducts are favorable in terms of a high open circuit voltage in combination with polymer donors in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Considering only high LUMO values IC60TA and IC70TA are the most promising materials for organic solar cells revealing a high VOC. The bis‐adducts of the fullerenes reveal LUMO levels that closely match the energy level of the widely used organometal trihalide CH3NH3PbI in perovskite solar cells.
Advances in Development of C–H Activation/Functionalization Using a Catalytic Directing Group
Authors: Rasheed Omer K. , Sun Bing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe transition metal catalyzed direct site‐selective carbon –hydrogen functionalization is ubiquitous in organic synthesis and has reached an impressive level of sophistication and efficiency emerging as a powerful synthetic strategy for C–C bond and C–X bond formation to access various useful arylated organic molecules. For the past two decades, directing group strategy has been used for selective activation and functionalization of certain inert C–H bonds. Despite the enormous development in this field, still, the majority of systems require two redundant steps, i. e. installation and removal of DGs. To overcome these limitations, recently, traceless and multitasking groups were invented as a partial solution to DG release however installation still remains unsolved. Ideally, use of the catalytic directing group, which can be reversibly linked to the substrate and can serve as an efficient directing role would circumvent this problem and is considered as one of the most efficient and powerful strategies for the non‐activated C–H functionalization (C(sp2)–H or C(sp3)–H). In this review, we describe the enormous advances in this field for direct selective C–H functionalization without involving additional steps, i. e. installation and removal of directing groups and also discuss less explored but significant non‐covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding or ion pairing, which helps to control the selectivity of a substrate in a catalytic organic reaction.
Application of Fe3O4@Silica Sulfuric Acid as a Magnetic Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Rhodamine Derivatives
Authors: Vajekar Shailesh N. , Shankarling Ganapati S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA green protocol for the synthesis of novel rhodamine derivatives employing a highly efficient and recyclable magnetic Fe3O4@silica sulfuric acid nanocatalyst in greener solvent ethylene glycol is demonstrated. In comparison with the known methods for the synthesis of rhodamines, our method offers several benefits such as mild reaction conditions, short reaction time (5 h) and high yield (up to 79%) of the products. Interestingly, the magnetically separable nanocatalyst was reused at least five times without significant loss in catalytic activity. All the novel derivatives are well characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry.