bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Citrus macroptera Fruit Extract: Anti‐Biofilm and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Majumdar Moumita , Biswas Suresh Chandra , Choudhury Rupasree , Upadhyay Priyanka , Adhikary Arghya , Roy Dijendra Nath , Misra Tarun Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCitrus macroptera (CM) fruit juice was used to reduce gold ions (Au3+) and to stabilize as‐formed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). CM‐AuNPs exhibit surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 544 nm. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) study reveals that they are multi‐shaped, predominantly pseudo‐spherical with a diameter 20 nm. They have surface charge −30 mV and possess FCC lattice pattern. Particles could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Experimental study shows that CM‐AuNPs make the bacteria cripple to generate EPS and pyocyanin. AFM images of the structure of biofilm reveal that CM‐AuNPs indeed efficiently disrupt the biofilm structure. CM‐AuNPs in combination with Sub‐MIC dose of gentamicin against P. aeruginosa bacteria exhibit quite high efficiency. The cytotoxic effect of CM‐AuNPs against three human cancer cell line show that they are comparatively more efficient to regulate the growth of HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) than that of A 549 (adenocarcinogenic human alveolar basal epithial cell) and MDA‐MB 468 (breast cancer cell). Thus, the CM‐AuNPs could be treated as a potential anti‐biofilm and anti‐cancer agent.
The Doping of FeNb11O29 as a Way to Improve Its Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Bini Marcella , Quinzeni Irene , Spada Daniele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFeNb11O29, with the possibility to exchange up to 23 electrons per formula unit and a theoretical capacity value of 400 mAh/g, is nowadays a very promising anode material for Li‐ion batteries. However, the improvement of its electrochemical performances is still an open challenge, and the doping is a well‐recognized method to obtain this goal. In this paper, orthorhombic Fe0.8Mn0.2Nb11O29 and Fe0.8V0.2Nb11O29 samples were prepared by solid state synthesis. The redox processes, as determined by cyclic voltammetry, involve only Fe and Nb ions as in the undoped compound. FeNb11O29 is a well‐known mixed oxide with pseudocapacitive behavior, which is increased with the Mn doping. The doped samples show better performances during long term cycling at 2 C, with capacities of 240 and 220 mAh/g and capacity retention of 100.9 and 98.7% for Mn and V doped respectively.
Dosage‐related beneficial and deleterious effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hsun , Wang Fu‐Ting , Chan Wen‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGinsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), the major saponin component of ginseng root, has a wide range of therapeutic applications for various diseases. Previously, our group showed that GRb1 triggers ROS‐mediated apoptotic cascades in mouse blastocysts, leading to decreased cell viability and impairment of pre‐ and postimplantation embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further found that GRb1 exerted dose‐dependent effects on oocyte maturation and sequent development in vitro. Oocytes preincubated with 25 μg/mL GRB1 displayed significantly enhanced maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates, along with progression of subsequent embryonic development. In contrast, treatment with 50 and 100 μg/mL GRB1 led to impairment of mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates, and injurious effects on subsequent embryonic development. In vivo, intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg body weight GRb1 significantly promoted mouse oocyte maturation, IVF, and early‐stage embryo development after fertilization while administration of 5 mg/kg body weight GRb1 led to a marked decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF rates concomitant with impairment of early embryonic development in our animal model. In terms of the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of GRb1 demonstrated increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in the 100 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group. However, we observed a significant decrease in total intracellular ROS content and inhibition of apoptosis events in the 25 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group, signifying that the intracellular ROS content serves as a key upstream regulator of GRb1 that influences its dose‐dependent beneficial or deleterious effects on oocyte maturation and sequent embryonic development. For further clarification of the mechanisms underlying GRb1‐triggered injurious effects, oocytes were pretreated with Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, a caspase‐3‐specific inhibitor, which effectively blocked injury to oocyte maturation, fertilization, and sequent development. In sum, study findings highlight the potential involvement of p53‐, p21‐, and caspase‐3‐dependent regulatory signaling cascades in GRb1‐mediated apoptotic processes.
„Wir bestehen alle nur aus buntscheckigen Fetzen“ (Montaigne). Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zu Psychotherapie bei konstitutioneller Geschlechtsinkongruenz
Authors: Kunert Cornelia 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Zuschreibungen der Geschlechtsidentität aufgrund von anatomischen Verhältnissen des Körpers oder anderen biologischen Daten müssen (a) nicht eindeutig sein und (b) nicht mit Selbsterleben übereinstimmen. Das Vorhandensein einer konstitutionellen Geschlechtsinkongruenz wird aufgrund neurologischer Erkenntnisse und sozialer Wirklichkeit nach dem ICD11 nicht mehr als psychische Störung klassifiziert werden. Daher ist auch eine verpflichtende Psychotherapie für diese Personen zur Erlangung von Anpassungsschritten an das Identitätsgeschlecht zu hinterfragen. Vorrang in der Arbeit mit Transgender Personen hat immer die lebensweltliche Erfahrung der betreffenden Person, die Verbesserung der subjektiven Lebensqualität mit Bedacht auf die kongruenzdynamische Entwicklung im Transitionsprozess. Im folgenden Text wird daher die Bedeutung und der Vorrang der Erste-Person-Perspektive und der Selbstverantwortung für die Psychotherapie mit Transgender Personen diskutiert.
Preventing Wetting Between Liquid Copper and Solid Steel: A Simple Extraction Technique
Authors: Daehn Katrin E. , Serrenho André Cabrera , Allwood Julian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Copper contamination of end-of-life steel scrap is the main barrier to high-quality recycling. Preferential melting of copper from solid steel scrap is a potential extraction technique, which could be integrated into conventional scrap re-melting with little additional energy. However, previous investigations show removal of liquid copper is limited by its adherence to solid scrap. Preventing wetting between liquid copper and steel is essential to enable separation. The carbon content of steel, initial surface oxidation, and applied coatings effect wetting behavior, but have not been systematically studied. In this study, the individual and combined effects of these parameters on wetting behavior in an inert gaseous environment are observed with a heating microscope. Carbon content appears to be the most significant factor: blistering of the oxide scale on medium-carbon steels causes liquid copper to flow rapidly between the oxide and steel substrate. Liquid copper exhibited a stable droplet on low-carbon steel, regardless of the initial level of oxidation. The tested coatings did not consistently improve nonwetting behavior, but impaired the connection between the scale and steel substrate. This study confirms the potential of the preferential melting technique, but further investigation is needed to determine the most robust process conditions to handle diverse, fragmented scrap at an industrial scale.
Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sea Level Curve for the East Coast of India
Authors: Loveson V. J. , Nigam R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Holocene sea level curve has been generated for the East Coast of India. About seventy five 14C dates which are available from published works on coastal plains and offshore regions of the East Coast were considered and were subsequently calibrated into calendar years for analysis and plotting thereof. From the 100m depth, a moderate rate of sea level rising at the rate of about 0.88m/100 years is observed during 14,800 to 10,800 YBP. In between 10,800 to 9,200 YBP, a steep rise (Sea Level Rise - SR1) is noticed at the rate of 2.06m/100 years. Following a brief sluggish phase (for nearly about 1,100 years) of slow rising around 0.82m/100 years, another steep rate of rising of about 2.22m/100 years (SR2) is observed during 8,100 to 7,200 YBP. After that period to the Recent, there were 5 minor fluctuations with regression phases dominating over transgression phases in terms of duration and magnitude. It is also observed that the magnitude of all five high stands in between 7,200 to the recent has a decreasing trend from +4m to 0m. It obviously indicates that the most of the present day coastal plains were once under the sea as evidenced by the presence of many inland leftover paleo delta signatures in the East Coast of India.
Distribution of Inertinites in the Early Paleogene Lignites of Western India: On the Possibility of Wildfire Activities
Authors: Rajak Pramod K. , Singh Vijay K. , Singh Prakash K. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
In the present investigation 643 samples from early Paleogene lignite seams of western India have been studied to see the distribution of inertinites. These horizons are characterized by high content of charcoal occuring as inertinite in these lignites though there is no definite trend of inertinite distribution in space and time. Bhavnagar lower seam of the Saurashtra basin, Gujarat (BHL-6 band) and Gurha lignite seam of the Bikaner-Nagaur basin, Rajasthan (GU-8 band) recorded the highest level of charcoal to the tune of 25% (mmf basis) while the mean seam value of 16.6% is seen in the Seam-V of Panandhro lignite field of the Kachchh basin, Gujarat. The study is comparable with the wildfire activities of Early Paleogene period occurring in other parts of the world.
The VTOL dream – Will it always remain out of reach?
Authors: Curtis P 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine some of the physics behind Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) flying machines, and some of the emerging technologies that are driving the recent upsurge of new VTOL projects. The paper attempts to put these into context by examining some of the projects that have been publicised over the past couple of years, particularly those that transition from hovering into wing-borne flight. Although much progress has been made, there still needs to be significant breakthroughs in technologies, particularly battery technology, before the dream of fast, quiet and environmentally friendly inter-city VTOL aircraft can be realised.
Tidal and spatial variability of flow speed and seismicity near the grounding zone of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Cooley Jade , Winberry Paul , Koutnik Michelle , Conway Howard 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTGPS measurements of tidal modulation of ice flow and seismicity within the grounding zone of Beardmore Glacier show that tidally induced fluctuations of horizontal flow are largest near the grounding line and decrease downstream. Seismic activity is continuous, but peaks occur on falling and rising tides. Beamforming methods reveal that most seismic events originate from two distinct locations, one on the grid-north side of the grounding zone, and one on the grid-south side. The broad pattern of deformation generated as Beardmore Glacier merges with the Ross Ice Shelf results in net extension along the grid-north side of the grounding zone and net compression along the grid-south side. During falling tides, seismic activity peaks on both sides because of increased vertical flexure across the grounding line. During rising tides, seismic activity in the region of extension on the grid-north side is relatively low because the tidal influence on both horizontal strain rate and vertical flexure is small. On the grid-south side during rising tides, however, tidally induced horizontal strain rates promote increased seismicity in regions of long-term compressional flow paths. Our study highlights how concurrent geodetic and seismic measurements provide insight into grounding-zone mechanics and their influence on ice-shelf buttressing.
Anticholinergic burden of patients with dementia attending a Psychiatry of Later Life service
Authors: Vaughan R. M. , Flynn R. , Greene N. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesOlder adults with dementia are particularly vulnerable to adverse outcomes resulting from anticholinergic use. We aimed to: (i) Examine the anticholinergic burden of patients with dementia attending a Psychiatry of Later Life (PLL) service (ii) Examine concomitant prescription of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and anticholinergics and (iii) Compare the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale with a recently published composite list of anticholinergics.MethodsRetrospective chart review of new referrals with a diagnosis of dementia (n = 66) seen by the PLL service, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, over a consecutive period of 4 months.ResultsThe mean ACB score was 2.2 (range = 0–9, SD = 2.1). 37.9% (n = 25) had a clinically significant ACB score (>3) and 42.1% (n = 8) of those taking AChEIs had a clinically significant ACB score. A significantly greater number of medications with anticholinergic activity were identified using the composite list versus the traditional ACB scale (2.3 v.1.5, p = 0.001).ConclusionsWe demonstrated a significant anticholinergic burden amongst patients with dementia attending a specialist PLL service. There was no difference in anticholinergic burden between groups prescribed and not prescribed AChEIs, indicating that these medications are being prescribed without discontinuation of potentially inappropriate medications with anticholinergic activity. The true anticholinergic burden experienced by patients may be underestimated by the use of the ACB score alone, although the clinical significance of this finding is unclear. Calculation of true clinical anticholinergic burden load and its translation to a specific rating scale remains a challenge.
Too Big to be Owned: Reflections on Jerusalem in Islamic History
Authors: Mourad Suleiman A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMuslims have venerated Jerusalem since the seventh century. Their direct control of the city began in 638 and lasted, except for a few interruptions, until 1917. When we examine the evolution of an official Muslim attitude towards Jerusalem, it becomes clear that they perceived their role not as owners of the city but rather as custodians. This attitude was informed by the realization that Jerusalem was sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike, and that all three religious communities share many of the same sacred sites. As such, statesmanship and law obliged Muslim rulers to protect and defend Christian and Jewish sacred spaces, even against occasional Muslim mob behavior that called for the destruction, confiscation, or exclusive use of those places. The Trump administration's decision in 2017 to enact the 1995 decision of the U.S. Congress to move the American embassy to Jerusalem stands as a violation of this historical framework and of the rule of law and sanctions the eradication of Palestinian identity and historical memory.
Effects of Artificial Defoliation on the Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Iremiren G. O. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYArtificial defoliation of okra 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing generally delayed flowering, decreased plant height and stem girth at flowering and reduced the harvest duration. Pod length, pod diameter, mean pod weight and number of pods plant−1 were also decreased by defoliation but pod yield ha−1 was not.The removal of leaves from the upper half of the stem only had a similar effect to complete defoliation whereas the removal of leaves from the lower half only had no significant effect, indicating that the leaves on the upper stem contributed more to growth and yield than those lower down. Significant time × degree of defoliation interactions occurred for most growth and yield parameters.
CLASS NUMBER FORMULA FOR DIHEDRAL EXTENSIONS
Authors: CAPUTO LUCA , NUCCIO MORTARINO MAJNO DI CAPRIGLIO FILIPPO A. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe give an algebraic proof of a class number formula for dihedral extensions of number fields of degree 2q, where q is any odd integer. Our formula expresses the ratio of class numbers as a ratio of orders of cohomology groups of units and allows one to recover similar formulas which have appeared in the literature. As a corollary of our main result, we obtain explicit bounds on the (finitely many) possible values which can occur as ratio of class numbers in dihedral extensions. Such bounds are obtained by arithmetic means, without resorting to deep integral representation theory.
The Background and Meaning of Amos 5:17B
Authors: Hauan Michael James 
Published: May 2019

“‘…for I will pass through the midst of you,’ says Yahweh”In commenting on this verse, most scholars have understood Amos's image of Yahweh passing through the midst of the people Israel as an allusion to his passing through Egypt. They make reference in this regard to Exod 12:12:For I will pass through (we ʿābarû) the land of Egypt that night, and I will smite all the first-born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am Yahweh.
Do schooling gains yield anomalous Jensen effects? A reply to Flynn (2019) including a meta-analysis
Authors: te Nijenhuis Jan , van der Boor Esteban , Choi Yu Yong , Lee Kunho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA test of Jensen effects is of nil value as a diagnostic instrument when various good-sized meta-analyses show Jensen effects appear for both genetic effects and environmental effects. Using thought experiments, Flynn (2019) claims that some schooling gains yield Jensen effects, which should not be the case for an environmental effect. However, a meta-analysis (K = 12, total N = 60,993, mean r = 0.13) of schooling gains shows no Jensen effect. Real data trump thought experiments, so it is concluded there is no empirical proof of anomalous Jensen effects for schooling gains.
Infection with behaviour-manipulating parasites enhances bioturbation by key aquatic detritivores
Authors: Williams Maureen A. , Donohue Ian , Picard Juliette , O'Keeffe Floriane , Holland Celia V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ecological ubiquity of parasites and their potential impacts on host behaviour have led to the suggestion that parasites can act as ecosystem engineers, structuring their environment and physical habitats. Potential modification of the relationship between parasites and their hosts by climate change has important implications for how hosts interact with both their biotic and abiotic environment. Here, we show that warming and parasitic infection independently increase rates of bioturbation by a key detritivore in aquatic ecosystems (Gammarus). These findings have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning in a warming world, as alterations to rates of bioturbation could significantly modify oxygenation penetration and nutrient cycling in benthic sediments of rivers and lakes. Our results demonstrate a need for future ecosystem management strategies to account for parasitic infection when predicting the impacts of a warming climate.
ANDRILL ARISE: A model for team-based field research immersion for educators
Authors: Pound Kate , Huffman Louise , Hubbard Joanna , Cattadori Matteo , Dahlman LuAnn , Dooley Julia , Frisch-Gleason Robin , Lehmann Rainer , Trummel Betty 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 4thInternational Polar Year featured a range of large international research projects and included a focus on Education and Public Outreach (EPO). ANDRILL (the ANtarctic geological DRILLing Project) was a large international (USA, New Zealand, Italy, Germany) multidisciplinary research project investigating the sedimentary record of Cenozoic ice sheet dynamics that brought approximately 160 scientists to McMurdo Station in the 2006 and 2007 field seasons, during which two > 1000 m sediment cores were successfully retrieved from the floor of the Ross Sea. ARISE (ANDRILL Research Immersion for Science Educators), the EPO arm of ANDRILL, deployed an international team of six to eight educators each season to Antarctica and embedded them with science teams. ARISE was unique in the EPO spectrum because it deployed ateamof international educators together with an EPO coordinator, offered an on-ice geoscience course for the educators, and supported educator participation at both pre-ice and post-ice meetings. Conservative estimates indicate that at least 314,700 individuals have been reached directly through the wide range of ARISE EPO endeavours.Educator field research immersion is a small subset of educator professional development (PD) opportunities, with little quantitative or qualitative evaluation of polar immersion experiences having been reported. Here, surveys of ARISE educators and scientists are used to evaluate the efficacy of the ARISE program as PD in the context of research on educator PD. Persistent and recurring themes emerging from the surveys are: (1) the positive and reinforcing impact of deployment as a team; (2) the importance of access to scientists across an extended period of time and venues; (3) the importance of ‘doing science’ as a means of learning; and (4) recognition of the senses of excitement, engagement and inspiration displayed by both educators and scientists − about drilling progress, core interpretation, and outreach plans – and the EPO audience. Key components of the program are shown to be (1) deployment of a multi-educator team; and (2) guidance and support of the EPO coordinator at all phases of the ARISE experience.