bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Prescription Opioid Deaths in the Oklahoma State Medicaid Population, 2012–2016
Authors: Pham Timothy T. , Skrepnek Grant H. , Bond Christopher , Alfieri Thomas , Cothran Terry J. , Keast Shellie L. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Medicaid members are predisposed to unintentional prescription opioid overdose. However, little is known about their individual risk factors.

Objectives:
To describe demographic and clinical characteristics, medical utilization, opioid use, concurrent use of benzodiazepines, risk factors, and substances involved in death for Oklahoma’s Medicaid members who died of unintentional prescription opioid poisoning.

Subjects:
Decedents who were Medicaid eligible in Oklahoma during the year of death, had an opioid recorded in cause of death, and had ≥1 opioid prescription claim between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016 were cases. Controls were living Medicaid members and were matched 3:1 to cases through propensity score matching.

Measures:
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and medical/pharmacy utilization were examined in the 12 months before the index date.

Results:
Of 639 members with fatal unintentional prescription opioid overdoses, 321 had ≥1 opioid prescription claim in the year before death; these were matched to 963 controls. Compared with controls, decedents had significantly greater proportions of nonopioid substance use disorders, opioid abuse/dependence, hepatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, trauma not involving motor vehicle accidents, nonopioid poisonings, and mental illness disorders. Decedents had significantly higher daily morphine milligram equivalent doses (67.2±74.4 vs. 47.2±50.9 mg) and greater opioid/benzodiazepine overlap (70.4% vs. 35.9%). Benzodiazepines were involved in 29.3% of deaths.

Conclusions:
Several comorbidities indicative of opioid use disorder and greater exposure to opioids and concomitant benzodiazepines were associated with unintentional prescription opioid overdose fatalities. Prescribers and state agencies should be aware of these addressable patient-level factors among the Medicaid population. Targeting these factors with appropriate policy interventions and education may prevent future deaths.
Pleiotropic effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors?
Authors: Filippatos Theodosios D. , Christopoulou Eliza C. , Elisaf Moses S. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
Current data suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors may affect many metabolic pathways beyond lowering LDL cholesterol. The aim of the present manuscript is to present these so-called pleiotropic effects of PCSK9 inhibitors.

Recent findings
PCSK9 may affect the activity of other receptors beyond LDL receptors (LDLR), such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) receptors, apolipoprotein (Apo) E receptors, LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter (ABCA1). Thus, a role of PCSK9 in the development of atherosclerosis, in vascular wall inflammation and in platelet function has been suggested. Additionally, PCSK9 inhibitors may affect lipid variables beyond LDL cholesterol, carbohydrate variables, as well as they may affect brain and kidney function. Additionally, a controversial role of PCSK9 in sepsis, hepatitis C infection and Alzheimer's disease has been suggested.

Summary
These possible pleiotropic effects of PCSK9 inhibitors need further research, as they may affect cardiovascular risk and provide further insights in the development of atherosclerosis and other diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or chronic viral infection and sepsis.
ACTing in Partnership to Accelerate Impact
Authors: Harrison Kate , Robinson Joanna , Marks Lauren , Blander Jeffrey , McDermott Peter 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Partnership between funders plays a vital role in tackling the AIDS epidemic and can help partners deliver “more than the sum of their parts.” But how do partnerships form? How is value leveraged and maximized? How can partnerships achieve policy change? This article addresses these questions through the example of the Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment Initiative, an ambitious $200 million public private partnership with a goal of doubling the number of children living with HIV on treatment in 9 priority African countries over a 2-year period. It describes how the partnership formed between the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), and the differing styles, vision, and resources each organization contributed. It also gives examples of policy influence at global level and policy change at national level. Finally, the article considers whether working in partnership was more or less effective than independent funding, with reflections on the value and challenges of collaboration.
Strategies for Identifying and Linking HIV-Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents to HIV Treatment Services in Resource Limited Settings
Authors: Medley Amy M. , Hrapcak Susan , Golin Rachel A. , Dziuban Eric J. , Watts Heather , Siberry George K. , Rivadeneira Emilia D. , Behel Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Many children living with HIV in resource-limited settings remain undiagnosed and at risk for HIV-related mortality and morbidity. This article describes 5 key strategies for strengthening HIV case finding and linkage to treatment for infants, children, and adolescents. These strategies result from lessons learned during the Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment Initiative, a public–private partnership between the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). The 5 strategies include (1) implementing a targeted mix of HIV case finding approaches (eg, provider-initiated testing and counseling within health facilities, optimization of early infant diagnosis, index family testing, and integration of HIV testing within key population and orphan and vulnerable children programs); (2) addressing the unique needs of adolescents; (3) collecting and using data for program improvement; (4) fostering a supportive political and community environment; and (5) investing in health system–strengthening activities. Continued advocacy and global investments are required to eliminate AIDS-related deaths among children and adolescents.
Sustainability and Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment (ACT) Initiative: Lessons for the Next Treatment Surge
Authors: Kaliel Deborah , McCarthy Erin , Tayag Josef , Berry Ariel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
The Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment (ACT) Initiative was an ambitious joint donor initiative to increase the number of HIV-positive children and adolescents on treatment over a 2-year period from 2014 to 2016. The funding was provided by the US Government's President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the private Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). Great gains were achieved across the 9 ACT focus countries in pediatric treatment coverage. This article assesses the status of sustainability in the ACT countries after the pediatric treatment surge using PEPFAR sustainability data and a CIFF independent evaluation of sustainability. Although a focus on treatment is critical for pediatric HIV and HIV broadly, there is also a need to support the host country ability to maintain the progress gained once donor funds and initiatives transition. It uses the case of the ACT Initiative to argue that although surge activities are successful in rapidly scaling treatment results, there are concerns related to the health system's ability to maintain the progress along the full cascade. It shares important lessons for planning for and management of transition to support future donor efforts in pediatric HIV, overall HIV programming, and broader global health initiatives.
Successful Relief of a Male Breast Lymphedema by Supermicrosurgical Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Ayestaray Benoit , Chrelias Theodoros 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundBreast lymphedema is a common issue after breast cancer surgery but remains understudied because it is difficult to be quantified. Untreated breast lymphedema may lead to severe form of delayed breast cellulitis. Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis is one option for the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphedema but has not been described for the treatment of breast lymphedema.MethodsThis report presented a rare case of male breast lymphedema secondary to axillary lymph node dissection for the treatment of a forearm melanoma. Deep lymphatic vessels and adjacent venules were individualized under high magnification in the periareolar area. Six lymphaticovenular anastomoses were performed using supermicrosurgical techniques. A clinical examination and a volume assessment under magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the efficiency of surgery.ResultsPostoperative outcome was uneventful. The patient was followed-up during 1 year. Swelling relief was clinically significant 3 months postoperatively. The pinch test reduction was 2 cm after 12 months. The breast volume reduction rate was 47.2%.ConclusionsSupermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis may be efficient for the treatment of postoperative breast lymphedema, even in male patients.
Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying motivated seeing
Authors: Leong Yuan Chang , Hughes Brent L. , Wang Yiyu , Zaki Jamil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeople tend to believe their perceptions are veridical representations of the world, but also commonly report perceiving what they want to see or hear, a phenomenon known as motivated perception. It remains unclear whether this phenomenon reflects an actual change in what people perceive or merely a bias in their responding. We manipulated the percept participants wanted to see as they performed a visual categorization task for reward. Even though the reward maximizing strategy was to perform the task accurately, this manipulation biased participants’ perceptual judgments. Motivation increased activity in voxels within visual cortex selective for the motivationally relevant category, indicating a bias in participants’ neural representation of the presented image. Using a drift diffusion model, we decomposed motivated seeing into response and perceptual components. Response bias was associated with anticipatory activity in the nucleus accumbens, whereas perceptual bias tracked category-selective neural activity. Our results highlight the role of the reward circuitry in biasing perceptual processes and provide a computational description of how the drive for reward can lead to inaccurate representations of the world.
Do we predict upcoming speech content in naturalistic environments?
Authors: Heyselaar Evelien , Peeters David , Hagoort Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ability to predict upcoming actions is a characteristic hallmark of cognition and therefore not surprisingly a central topic in cognitive science. It remains unclear, however, whether the predictive behaviour commonly observed in strictly controlled lab environments generalizes to rich, everyday settings. In four virtual reality experiments, we tested whether a well-established marker of linguistic prediction (i.e. anticipatory eye movements as observed in the visual world paradigm) replicated when increasing the naturalness of the paradigm by means of i) immersing participants in naturalistic everyday scenes, ii) increasing the number of distractor objects present, iii) manipulating the location of referents in central versus peripheral vision, and iv) modifying the proportion of predictable noun-referents in the experiment. Robust anticipatory eye movements were observed, even in the presence of 10 objects (hereby testing working memory) and when only 25% of all sentences contained a visually present referent (hereby testing error-based learning). The anticipatory effect disappeared, however, when referents were placed in peripheral vision. Together, our findings suggest that working memory may play an important role in predictive processing in everyday communication, but only in contexts where upcoming referents have been explicitly attended to prior to encountering the spoken referential act. Methodologically, our study confirms that ecological validity and experimental control may go hand in hand in future studies of human predictive behaviour.
Multi-stage chemical heating for instrument-free biosensing
Authors: Goertz John P. , Colvin Kenya M. , Lippe Andrew B. , Daristotle John L. , Kofinas Peter , White Ian M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImproving the portability of diagnostic medicine is crucial to alleviating global access-to-care deficiencies. This requires not only designing devices that are small and lightweight but also autonomous and independent of electricity. Here, we present a strategy for conducting automated multi-step diagnostic assays using chemically generated, passively regulated heat. Ligation and polymerization reagents for Rolling Circle Amplification of nucleic acids are separated by melt-able phase-change partitions, thus replacing precise manual reagent additions with automated partition melting. To actuate these barriers and individually initiate the various steps of the reaction, field ration heaters exothermically generate heat in a thermos while fatty acids embedded in a carbonaceous matrix passively buffer the temperature around their melting points. Achieving multi-stage temperature profiles extends the capability of instrument-free diagnostic devices and improves the portability of reaction automation systems built around phase-change partitions.
Structures and functions linked to genome-wide adaptation of human influenza A viruses
Authors: Klingen Thorsten R. , Loers Jens , Stanelle-Bertram Stephanie , Gabriel Gülsah , McHardy Alice C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman influenza A viruses elicit short-term respiratory infections with considerable mortality and morbidity. While H3N2 viruses circulate since almost 50 years, the recent introduction of pH1N1 viruses presents an excellent opportunity for a comparative analysis of the genome-wide evolutionary forces acting on both subtypes. Here, we inferred patches of sites relevant for adaptation, i.e. being under positive selection, on eleven viral protein structures, from all available data since 1968 and correlated these with known functional properties. Overall, pH1N1 had more patches than H3N2 viruses, especially in the viral polymerase complex, while antigenic evolution is more apparent for H3N2 viruses. In both subtypes, NS1 had the highest patch and patch site frequency, indicating that NS1-mediated viral attenuation of host inflammatory responses is a continuously intensifying process, elevated even in the longtime-circulating subtype H3N2. We confirmed the resistance-causing effects of two pH1N1 changes against oseltamivir in NA activity assays, demonstrating the value of the resource for discovering functionally relevant changes. Our results represent an atlas of protein regions and sites with links to host adaptation, antiviral drug resistances and immune evasion for both subtypes for further study.
University-industry linkage and technology transfer management
Authors: Puerta Sierra Lizbeth Magdalena , Jasso Villazul Sergio Javier 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the variables that play a relevant role in the management of university-industry linkage and technology transfer in the context of a public university in Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is quantitative, and the method is based on an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), to identify the group of variables that relates to university-industry technology transfer, by applying a questionnaire to full time professors and researchers.

Findings
The EFA allowed for the analysis of the relationships within a group of variables, and found that the structure of the principal components presents a close connection to the literature review. The first, second and third factors, named institutional support in the linkage and technology transfer activities, research results management, and university linkage activities planning, respectively, explain the original problem in a greater percentage. Additionally, it is suggested to include other variables, to increase the explained variance percentage of the components.

Social implications
The study of university-industry linkage and technology transfer allows for improvement in the institutional management of these activities, their entrepreneurship, and consequently, their use by companies, government and society.

Originality/value
This study focuses on analyzing a group of variables in a questionnaire, in order to identify those that are related to the university-industry technology transfer management, in the context of a public university in Mexico.
Is your anti-money laundering program ready for FinCEN’s Customer Due Diligence Rule?
Authors: Kuhlman Rick , Ziesman Jeff , Browne Carolyn , Kempf Jason 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to bring broker-dealers’ attention to the upcoming deadline for compliance with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network’s (FinCEN’s) final rule on Customer Due Diligence Requirements for Financial Institutions (the CDD Rule).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores the origins of the anti-money laundering (AML) requirements and then explores the new CDD Rule requirements as outlined by FINRA Regulatory Notice 17-40.

Findings
Firms are likely largely already in compliance with most aspects of the CDD Rule.

Practical implications
Most firms likely will not need to make any significant changes to their AML polices. However, for some they will need to evaluate and modify their AML policies and procedures.

Originality/value
Practical guidance is obtained from experienced broker-dealer, investment adviser, securities litigation and compliance lawyers.
Corporate risk and the humpback of CEO narcissism
Authors: Aabo Tom , Eriksen Nicklas Bang 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between CEO narcissism and corporate risk taking.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors provide a novel and unobtrusive measure of CEO narcissism based on LinkedIn profiling. The authors investigate the relationship between CEO narcissism and corporate risk taking (stock return volatility) for a sample of 475 US manufacturing firms in the period 2010-2014.

Findings
The authors find an inverse U-shape relationship between CEO narcissism and stock return volatility. The inverse U-shape relationship (the “humpback”) is caused by the paradoxical nature of the narcissistic personality in which the self-esteem is high but at the same time fragile with a combination of self-admiration and a constant need of having this positive self-view confirmed. The results are robust to alternative specifications of CEO narcissism and corporate risk taking. The results are economically meaningful. Thus, a moderate degree of CEO narcissism – as compared to a very low or a very high level of CEO narcissism – is associated with an increase in corporate risk taking of approximately 12 percent.

Originality/value
Previous literature provides multiple analyses on the association between managerial overconfidence and corporate decisions. As opposed to overconfidence, narcissism is a personality trait having both cognitive and behavioral dimensions. This paper provides a novel contribution to the growing literature on the association between managerial biases/traits and corporate decision-making.
Does E-government reduce corruption? Evidence from a heterogeneous panel data model
Authors: Basyal Devid Kumar , Poudyal Niraj , Seo Jin-Wan 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit the relationship between E-government and corruption using global panel data from 176 countries covering the period from 2003 to 2014, considering other potential determinants, such as economic prosperity (gross domestic product per capita [GDPPC]), price stability (inflation), good governance (political stability and government effectiveness) and press freedom (civil liberties and political rights) indicators. Hence, the main rationale of this study is to reexamine the conventional wisdom as to the relationship between E-government and corruption using panel data independent of any preexisting notions.Design/methodology/approachThe probability reduction approach of empirical modeling proposed by Spanos (2009) is used to test the relationship. Secondary data were collected from the United Nations, the World Bank, Transparency International and Freedom House.FindingsNo statistical evidence was found for the idea that E-government has a positive impact on corruption reduction following a rigorous test of the proposition. However, strong evidence was found for the positive impact of a country’s government effectiveness, political stability and economic status. There also appears to be some evidence for the effect of GDPPC and civil liberties. There is no evidence to prove that inflation and political rights have any corruption reducing the effect.Research limitations/implicationsCase studies suggest that E-government is helpful for curbing corruption. This study includes and examines some of the potential and important variables associated with corruption. Further research is encouraged and it should include more variables, such as national culture, poverty, religion and geography. Regarding methodology, a more parsimonious model must be sought to take into account adequately the entire probabilistic structure of the data.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study demonstrate that E-government is less significant for reducing corruption compared to other factors. Hence, policymakers should further focus on other potential areas such as socio-economic factors, good governance, culture and transparency to combat corruption in addition to improving digital government.Originality/valueThis research applies a new methodological approach to the study of the relationship between E-government and corruption.
Learning disability services: user views on transition planning
Authors: Hughes Jane , Davies Sue , Chester Helen , Clarkson Paul , Stewart Karen , Challis David 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of people with learning disabilities on issues associated with continuity of care in the transition from full-time education to adult care and support.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was undertaken with people with learning disabilities and staff in two advocacy organisations in one area of England in 2012. In total, 19 participants attended three focus groups. Analysis focussed on continuity of care and was guided by the framework approach to qualitative analysis.

Findings
Teachers, social workers in children’s services and youth workers were identified as making important contributions to the transition process. Information relating to learning and social development was identified as most important to inform transition planning with less priority accorded to health, communication, and self-care and independence. Participants appeared to value principles which underpin continuity of care.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides insights into attributes of continuity of care valued by people with a learning disability. Possibilities of translating these attributes into practice within localities are explored. Findings could be used to inform strategic planning locally to promote service integration thereby contributing to continuity of care within transition planning.

Originality/value
Continuity of care in the transition planning process is highlighted in policy guidance with recognition that both practice and procedures require improvement. This research explores areas for development from the perspective of people with learning disabilities.