bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on Hall et al. (2017), “How to Choose Between Measures of Tinnitus Loudness for Clinical Research? A Report on the Reliability and Validity of an Investigator-Administered Test and a Patient-Reported Measure Using Baseline Data Collected in a Phase IIa Drug Trial”
Authors: Sabour Siamak 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this letter, in response to Hall, Mehta, and Fackrell (2017), is to provide important knowledge about methodology and statistical issues in assessing the reliability and validity of an audiologist-administered tinnitus loudness matching test and a patient-reported tinnitus loudness rating.

Method
The author uses reference textbooks and published articles regarding scientific assessment of the validity and reliability of a clinical test to discuss the statistical test and the methodological approach in assessing validity and reliability in clinical research.

Results

Depending on the type of the variable (qualitative or quantitative), well-known statistical tests can be applied to assess reliability and validity. The qualitative variables of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive and false negative rates, likelihood ratio positive and likelihood ratio negative, as well as odds ratio (i.e., ratio of true to false results), are the most appropriate estimates to evaluate validity of a test compared to a gold standard. In the case of quantitative variables, depending on distribution of the variable, Pearson
r
or Spearman rho can be applied.

Conclusion
Diagnostic accuracy (validity) and diagnostic precision (reliability or agreement) are two completely different methodological issues. Depending on the type of the variable (qualitative or quantitative), well-known statistical tests can be applied to assess validity.
Author Response to Sabour (2018), “Comment on Hall et al. (2017), ‘How to Choose Between Measures of Tinnitus Loudness for Clinical Research? A Report on the Reliability and Validity of an Investigator-Administered Test and a Patient-Reported Measure Using Baseline Data Collected in a Phase IIa Drug Trial’”
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Mehta Rajnikant L. , Fackrell Kathryn 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The authors respond to a letter to the editor (Sabour, 2018) concerning the interpretation of validity in the context of evaluating treatment-related change in tinnitus loudness over time.

Method
The authors refer to several landmark methodological publications and an international standard concerning the validity of patient-reported outcome measurement instruments.

Results
The tinnitus loudness rating performed better against our reported acceptability criteria for (face and convergent) validity than did the tinnitus loudness matching test.

Conclusion
It is important to distinguish between tests that evaluate the validity of measuring treatment-related change over time and tests that quantify the accuracy of diagnosing tinnitus as a case and non-case.
Simple chemical reduction route for the synthesis of Cu‐modified Co3O4 nanosheet with enhanced performance as anode material in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yao Wenli , Dai Qinian , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2018

Cu‐modified Co3O4 nanosheets were designed and fabricated via a facile two‐step process by a simple microwave‐assisted reaction to synthesise Co3O4 sheets, followed by chemically reducing copper ion on Co3O4 sheets. The structures and morphologies of the obtained sheet‐like Cu‐modified Co3O4 nanomaterials were characterised by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. As the anode materials for the lithium‐ion battery applications, the Cu‐modified Co3O4 nanosheet electrode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 1208 mAh g−1 and its initial coulombic efficiency was 82.24%, much higher than 74.8% for Co3O4 sheets. More importantly, a reversible capacity of ca. 600 mAh g–1 could be reached at a higher current density of 890 mA g−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance may be attributed the incorporated Cu as well as the porous structure and the sheet‐like morphology of the Co3O4 active materials.
Dust modeling of the combined ALMA and SPHERE datasets of HD 163296
Authors: Muro-Arena G. A. , Dominik C. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Min M. , Klarmann L. , Ginski C. , Isella A. , Benisty M. , Pohl A. , Garufi A. , Hagelberg J. , Langlois M. , Menard F. , Pinte C. , Sezestre E. , van der Plas G. , Villenave M. , Delboulbé A. , Magnard Y. , Möller-Nilsson O. , Pragt J. , Rabou P. , Roelfsema R. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Multiwavelength observations are indispensable in studying disk geometry and dust evolution processes in protoplanetary disks.
Aims. We aim to construct a three-dimensional model of HD 163296 that is capable of reproducing simultaneously new observations of the disk surface in scattered light with the SPHERE instrument and thermal emission continuum observations of the disk midplane with ALMA. We want to determine why the spectral energy distribution of HD 163296 is intermediary between the otherwise well-separated group I and group II Herbig stars.
Methods. The disk was modeled using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCMax3D. The radial dust surface density profile was modeled after the ALMA observations, while the polarized scattered light observations were used to constrain the inclination of the inner disk component and turbulence and grain growth in the outer disk.
Results. While three rings are observed in the disk midplane in millimeter thermal emission at ~80, 124, and 200 AU, only the innermost of these is observed in polarized scattered light, indicating a lack of small dust grains on the surface of the outer disk. We provide two models that are capable of explaining this difference. The first model uses increased settling in the outer disk as a mechanism to bring the small dust grains on the surface of the disk closer to the midplane and into the shadow cast by the first ring. The second model uses depletion of the smallest dust grains in the outer disk as a mechanism for decreasing the optical depth at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. In the region outside the fragmentation-dominated regime, such depletion is expected from state-of-the-art dust evolution models. We studied the effect of creating an artificial inner cavity in our models, and conclude that HD 163296 might be a precursor to typical group I sources.
Characterization of the water diffusion in GEM foil material
Authors: Benussi L. , Bianco S. , Saviano G. , Muhammad S. , Piccolo D. , Raffone G. , Caponero M. , Passamonti L. , Pierluigi D. , Russo A. , Primavera F. , Cerbelli S. , Lalli A. , Valente M. , Ferrini M. , Teissandier B. , Taborelli M. , Parvis M. , Grassini S. , Tirilló J. , Sarasini F. , Franchi A.V. 
Published: February 2018

Systematic studies on the GEM foil material are performed to measure the moisture diffusion rate and saturation level. These studies are important because the presence of this compound inside the detector’	s foil can possibly change its mechanical and electrical properties, and in such a way, the detector performance can be affected. To understand this phenomenon, a model is developed with COMSOL Multiphysics v. 4.3 [1], which described the adsorption and diffusion within the geometry of GEM foil, the concentration profiles and the time required to saturate the foil. The COMSOL model is verified by experimental observations on a GEM foil sample. This note will describe the model and its experimental verification results.
Investigation of the microstructure of Thick-GEMs with single photo-electrons
Authors: Hamar Gergő , Torre Silvia Dalla , Dasgupta Shuddha Shankar , Levorato Stefano , Tessarotto Fulvio , Varga Dezső 
Published: February 2018

Novel Cherenkov detector upgrades favour GEM and ThickGEM based MPGD systems. These detectors have reduced ion backflow, fast signal formation, high gain, and could suppress the MIP signals as well. Their common drawbacks are the inefficiencies of photo-electron collection fromthe top of the ThickGEM and the local variation of multiplication due to the special geometry.
The developed high resolution scanner using focused UV light gave the possibility to study single photo-electron response of MPGDs in the sub-millimeter scale. Revealing the microstructure of photo-efficiency and local gain provides a new tool to quantitatively compare different ThickGEM geometries and field-configurations, and thus optimize the detector parameters.
The presentation will focus on the key elements of the scanning system; and on the microstructure evolution of different ThickGEM configurations.
Facial Asymmetry: Brow and Ear Position
Authors: Meyer Dale , Perumal Balaji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to analyze brow and ear position, and examine the relationship between these structures in patients presenting for blepharoplasty evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed, which included all patients presenting to one oculoplastic physician for a blepharoplasty evaluation from November, 2012 to March, 2014. The prevalence of brow ptosis and brow and ear asymmetry was calculated; the proportional distribution was determined, and chi-square analysis and the z-test of proportions were used to calculate the significance. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A total of 133 patients met the inclusion criteria. Some degree of brow ptosis was noted in 83% of patients. Brow asymmetry was found in 88% of patients, and ear asymmetry in 77%. Of those patients who had asymmetry, 61% had the right brow lower and 75% had the right ear lower; 73% of all patients had the brow and ear lower on the same side (p < 0.001). In this study, brow ptosis and asymmetry were quite common. In addition, the side of the lower brow correlated strongly with the side of the lower ear, and the right side structures were lower more often than the left. Patients presenting for blepharoplasty evaluation may have an element of generalized facial asymmetry which includes the brows and ears. These observations can be important for preoperative planning and patient counseling.
Luxationsfraktur untere HWS – ventral beginnen!
Authors: Schären Stefan 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Luxationsfraktur an der unteren HWS ist eine komplexe Verletzung, die häufig mit neurologischen Ausfällen vergesellschaftet ist. Die korrekte Reposition und Stabilisation sind Voraussetzung für ein gutes Behandlungsresultat. Die Wahl des chirurgischen Zugangs, um dieses Ziel am besten zu erreichen, ist umstritten. Die Entscheidungsfindung und das Vorgehen werden durch das Vorhandensein eines Bandscheibenprolapses zusätzlich kompliziert. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Argumente für ein primär ventrales Vorgehen anhand eigener Fallbeispiele und der Literatur dar.
Epigenetic alterations in longevity regulators, reduced life span, and exacerbated aging-related pathology in old father offspring mice
Authors: Xie Kan , Ryan Devon P. , Pearson Brandon L. , Henzel Kristin S. , Neff Frauke , Vidal Ramon O. , Hennion Magali , Lehmann Isabelle , Schleif Melvin , Schröder Susanne , Adler Thure , Rathkolb Birgit , Rozman Jan , Schütz Anna-Lena , Prehn Cornelia , Mickael Michel E. , Weiergräber Marco , Adamski Jerzy , Busch Dirk H. , Ehninger Gerhard , Matynia Anna , Jackson Walker S. , Wolf Eckhard , Fuchs Helmut , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Bonn Stefan , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Ehninger Dan 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Aging-associated diseases are increasingly common in an aging global population. However, the contributors and origins of differential risk for unhealthy aging remain poorly understood. Using a mouse model, we found that offspring of aged fathers exhibited a reduced life span and more pronounced aging-associated pathologies than animals sired by young fathers. Tissue of offspring and aged fathers revealed shared epigenetic signatures and showed altered activation states of longevity-related cell signaling. Our results suggest that variability in aging trajectories could derive, in part, from the age at conception of the father, a possibility that warrants human epidemiological investigation.
Optimal bounds for the growth of Sobolev norms of solutions of a quadratic Szegő equation
Authors: Thirouin Joseph 
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we study a quadratic equation on the one-dimensional torus
\[

i

∂
t

u
=
2
J
Π
(

|

u

|

2

)
+

J
¯

u
2

,

u
(
0
,
⋅
)
=

u
0

,

i \partial _t u = 2J\Pi (|u|^2)+\bar {J}u^2, \quad u(0, \cdot )=u_0,

\]
where

J
=

∫

T

|

u

|

2

u
∈

C

J=\int _\mathbb {T}|u|^2u \in \mathbb {C}

has constant modulus, and

Π
\Pi

is the Szegő projector onto functions with nonnegative frequencies. Thanks to a Lax pair structure, we construct a flow on

B
M
O
(

T

)
∩

I
m

Π

BMO(\mathbb {T})\cap \mathrm {Im}\Pi

which propagates

H
s

H^s

regularity for any

s
>
0

s>0

, whereas the energy level corresponds to

s
=
1

/

2

s=1/2

. Then, for each

s
>
1

/

2

s>1/2

, we exhibit solutions whose

H
s

H^s

norm goes to

+
∞

+\infty

exponentially fast, and we show that this growth is optimal.
IDP-denovo: de novo transcriptome assembly and isoform annotation by hybrid sequencing
Authors: Fu Shuhua , Ma Yingke , Yao Hui , Xu Zhichao , Chen Shilin , Song Jingyuan , Au Kin Fai 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Motivation
In the past years, the long read (LR) sequencing technologies, such as Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies, have been demonstrated to substantially improve the quality of genome assembly and transcriptome characterization. Compared to the high cost of genome assembly by LR sequencing, it is more affordable to generate LRs for transcriptome characterization. That is, when informative transcriptome LR data are available without a high-quality genome, a method for de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation is of high demand.

Results
Without a reference genome, IDP-denovo performs de novo transcriptome assembly, isoform annotation and quantification by integrating the strengths of LRs and short reads. Using the GM12878 human data as a gold standard, we demonstrated that IDP-denovo had superior sensitivity of transcript assembly and high accuracy of isoform annotation. In addition, IDP-denovo outputs two abundance indices to provide a comprehensive expression profile of genes/isoforms. IDP-denovo represents a robust approach for transcriptome assembly, isoform annotation and quantification for non-model organism studies. Applying IDP-denovo to a non-model organism, Dendrobium officinale, we discovered a number of novel genes and novel isoforms that were not reported by the existing annotation library. These results reveal the high diversity of gene isoforms in D.officinale, which was not reported in the existing annotation library.

Availability and implementation
The dataset of Dendrobium officinale used/analyzed during the current study has been deposited in SRA, with accession code SRP094520. IDP-denovo is available for download at www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/labs/au/IDP-denovo/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PhyloMAd: efficient assessment of phylogenomic model adequacy
Authors: Duchêne David A , Duchêne Sebastian , Ho Simon Y W 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Summary
Statistical phylogenetic inference plays an important role in evolutionary biology. The accuracy of phylogenetic methods relies on having suitable models of the evolutionary process. Various tools allow comparisons of candidate phylogenetic models, but assessing the absolute performance of models remains a considerable challenge. We introduce PhyloMAd, a user-friendly application for assessing the adequacy of commonly used models of nucleotide substitution and among-lineage rate variation. Our software implements a fast, likelihood-based method of model assessment that is tractable for analyses of large multi-locus datasets. PhyloMAd provides a means of informing model improvement, or selecting data to enhance the evolutionary signal in phylogenomic analyses.

Availability and implementation
PhyloMAd, together with a manual, a tutorial and the source code, are freely available from the GitHub repository github.com/duchene/phylomad
A Mean Value Formula and a Liouville Theorem for the Complex Monge–Ampère Equation
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jiayu , Zhang Xi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a mean value formula for bounded subharmonic Hermitian matrix valued function on a complete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature. As its application, we obtain a Liouville type theorem for the complex Monge–Ampère equation on product manifolds.
Content analysis of Twitter chatter about indoor tanning
Authors: Waring Molly E , Baker Katie , Peluso Anthony , May Christine N , Pagoto Sherry L 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwitter may be useful for learning about indoor tanning behavior and attitudes. The objective of this study was to analyze the content of tweets about indoor tanning to determine the extent to which tweets are posted by people who tan, and to characterize the topics of tweets. We extracted 4,691 unique tweets from Twitter using the terms “tanning bed” or “tanning salon” over 7 days in March 2016. We content analyzed a random selection of 1,000 tweets, double-coding 20% of tweets (κ = 0.74, 81% agreement). Most tweets (71%) were by tanners (n = 699 individuals) and included tweets expressing positive sentiment about tanning (57%), and reports of a negative tanning experience (17%), burning (15%), or sleeping in a tanning bed (9%). Four percent of tweets were by tanning salon employees. Tweets posted by people unlikely to be tanners (15%) included tweets mocking tanners (71%) and health warnings (29%). The term “tanning bed” had higher precision for identifying individuals who engage in indoor tanning than “tanning salon”; 77% versus 45% of tweets captured by these search terms were by individuals who engaged in indoor tanning, respectively. Extrapolating to the full data set of 4,691 tweets, findings suggest that an average of 468 individuals who engage in indoor tanning can be identified by their tweets per day. The majority of tweets were from tanners and included reports of especially risky habits (e.g., burning, falling asleep). Twitter provides opportunity to identify indoor tanners and examine conversations about indoor tanning.
Creation and Implementation of a Taxonomy for Educational Activities: A Common Vocabulary to Guide Curriculum Mapping
Authors: Stoddard Hugh A. , Brownfield Erica D. 
Published: February 2018

Problem
Undergraduate medical education (UME) has trended toward outcomes-based education, unveiling new issues for UME program organization and leadership. Using a common language for categorizing and linking all program components is essential. The Emory Curriculum Alignment Taxonomy (ECAT) was designed as a common vocabulary for curriculum mapping in the outcomes-based environment of the Emory University School of Medicine.

Approach
The ECAT, developed in 2016, uses a set of 291 controlled identifiers, or “tags,” to describe every educational activity’s content, instruction, assessment, and outcomes, and thereby to align teaching inputs with student outcomes. Tags were drawn from external frameworks or developed by local stakeholders. A key feature is the arrangement of tags into eight categories, with the aim of balancing specificity and parsimony. Tags from multiple categories can be combined using Boolean operators to search for specific topics across the curriculum.

Outcomes
In 2016–2017, all educational activities were tagged, including classroom events, workplace learning, mentored research, and student assessments. Tagging was done by two assistant deans and course/clerkship directors, which reinforced the importance of aligning instruction with assessment and aligning both of these with student outcomes.

Next Steps
Using the ECAT tags has linked instruction with achievement of student outcomes, has shown the compromises between specificity and parsimony were workable, and has facilitated comprehensive program management and evaluation. As the ECAT tags can be modified, other programs could adapt this approach to suit their context. Next steps will include aggregating data into a centralized repository to support reporting and research.
Advances in prostate-specific membrane antigen PET of prostate cancer
Authors: Bouchelouche Kirsten , Choyke Peter L. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review
In recent years, a large number of reports have been published on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)/PET in prostate cancer (PCa). This review highlights advances in PSMA PET in PCa during the past year.

Recent findings
PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) is useful in detection of biochemical recurrence, especially at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values. The detection rate of PSMA PET is influenced by PSA level. For primary PCa, PSMA PET/CT shows promise for tumour localization in the prostate, especially in combination with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). For primary staging, PSMA PET/CT can be used in intermediate and high-risk PCa. Intraoperative PSMA radioligand guidance seems promising for detection of malignant lymph nodes. While the use of PSMA PET/MRI in primary localized disease is limited to high and intermediate-risk patients and localized staging, in the recurrence setting, PET/MRI can be particularly helpful when the lesions are subtle. PSMA PET/CT is superior to choline PET/CT and other conventional imaging modalities.

Summary
Molecular imaging with PSMA PET continues to pave the way for personalized medicine in PCa.
However, large prospective clinical studies are still needed to fully evaluate the role of PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI in the clinical workflow of PCa.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Advanced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Referred for Lung Transplantation
Authors: da Fontoura Fabrício Farias , Berton Danilo Cortozi , Watte Guilherme , Florian Juliessa , Schio Sadi Marcelo , Camargo José de Jesus Peixoto , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann , Moreira José da Silva 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
Currently, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has a weak recommendation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is often recommended for mild to moderate disease. We aimed to investigate the completion rate of PR in patients with advanced IPF, to analyze whether the severity of disease influences PR response and whether there is any difference between subjects who are able or not able to successfully complete the program.

Methods:
Patients with IPF referred to lung transplantation (n = 48) were enrolled in an outpatient PR program including 3 times/wk supervised exercise training during 12 wk. A short-form 36-item health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire and 6-min walk test distance (6MWD) were evaluated before and after PR.

Results:
We found that 64.5% of patients successfully completed PR (31/48). Baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were 49% ± 13% and 46% ± 17% of predicted, respectively. There was no difference comparing those who did and did not complete PR. In the former group, 6MWD (58 ± 63 m) and several domains of the HRQL questionnaire improved significantly. No significant association was found between markers of disease severity (FVC, DLCO, and dyspnea) and improvement in clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:
Two-thirds of our sample with advanced IPF referred to lung transplant successfully attended PR and improved exercise capacity and HRQL, without association with markers of disease severity. No difference was found at baseline compared with subjects who were not able to complete the program.