bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth
Authors: Maestripieri Lara , Lanau Alba , Soler‐i‐Martí Roger , Acebillo‐Baqué Míriam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe growth of non‐standard employment has emerged as a crucial factor that contributes to delays and difficulties in young people's transitions to adulthood. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of multidimensional measures of precariousness. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of precariousness holistically, using an original database of respondents in Spain from 20 to 34 years of age. Using a mixed‐methods approach, we explore young people's understandings of precariousness and examine its key determinants and consequences. The findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of feelings of precariousness, with economic insecurity and work conditions being core elements. Our results point to precarity stemming from a combination of inextricably intertwined objective and subjective components, as well as work and economic dimensions.
The impact of neuroinflammation on neuronal integrity
Authors: Tastan Bora , Heneka Michael T. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryNeuroinflammation, characterized by a complex interplay among innate and adaptive immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial in responding to infections, injuries, and disease pathologies. However, the dysregulation of the neuroinflammatory response could significantly affect neurons in terms of function and structure, leading to profound health implications. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and alterations in neuronal integrity, the specific implications concerning both structure and function have not been extensively covered, with the exception of perspectives on glial activation and neurodegeneration. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted interactions among neurons and key inflammatory players, exploring mechanisms through which inflammation influences neuronal functionality and structural integrity in the CNS. Further, it will discuss how these inflammatory mechanisms lead to impairment in neuronal functions and architecture and highlight the consequences caused by dysregulated neuronal functions, such as cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. By integrating insights from recent research findings, this review will enhance our understanding of the neuroinflammatory landscape and set the stage for future interventions that could transform current approaches to preserve neuronal integrity and function in CNS‐related inflammatory conditions.
Evaluation of the Interdisciplinary Care Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐CHARP) for People Living With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Care Homes
Authors: Jeon Yun‐Hee , Hobbs Anthony , Nelson Karn , Fethney Judith , Comans Tracy , Conway Jane , Mowszowski Loren , Hill Keith , Wesson Jacqueline , Hewitt Jennifer , Watson Karen , Togher Leanne , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , O'Connor Claire , Quinn John , Petrie Glenys , O'Leary Fiona , MacAndrew Margaret , Beattie Elizabeth , Stears Marc , Hilmer Sarah , Sykes David , Liddell Anne , Little Sophia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMajor knowledge and practice gaps exist in aged care home services to support independence of older people with dementia. This research evaluates an adaptation of a community‐based rehabilitation model for care homes, namely Interdisciplinary Care Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐CHARP), by examining whether (and, if so, how) I‐CHARP produces its intended effects and how this programme can be practicably implemented, sustained and scaled up across care homes in Australia.MethodsI‐CHARP is a 4‐month bio‐behavioural‐environmental rehabilitation model of care, integrated in care home services, supported through the deployment of an implementation strategy, the Research Enabled Aged Care Homes (REACH) network. It consists of (1) 8–12 full individual sessions and additional eight brief follow‐ups per resident, tailored to the resident's needs, delivered primarily by a team of an occupational therapist, registered nurse and other allied health staff; (2) environmental modifications/assistive devices up to the value of $400 per resident; and (3) engagement of intervention care home staff, managers and regular visitors. An overarching evaluation approach is participatory action research using a cluster quasi‐experimental design and mixed methods. It involves testing of the implementation strategy (REACH network and other approaches) while observing/gathering information on the intervention (I‐CHARP) and related outcomes in three cycles. Participants include residents (aged ≥ 60 years with early stages of dementia) and care staff from 16 care homes. Care quality indicators, health care costs, field notes and semi‐structured interviews/focus groups with intervention site staff, regular visitors and managers will provide further insights into I‐CHARP processes and implementation issues.DiscussionIn the final phase of the project, an Agile Implementation Playbook will be developed for the delivery of reablement care that can be used in routine practice across care homes in Australia. The study findings will also inform future policy development and strategic directions for dementia care in care homes.Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12623000885695 Registered 16 August 2023, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386088.Protocol version: 1.0 dated 20 July 2023
Effects of E2 on the IDO1‐mediated metabolic KYN pathway in OVX female mice
Authors: Jiang Xi , Yu Xuefeng , Hu Shuran , Dai Huidan , Zhang Hanqin , Hang Yuyang , Xie Xupei , Yang Yubo , Wu Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐mediated oestrogen receptor (ER) in modulating the depressive‐like behaviours of ovariectomy (OVX) mice and the associated mechanisms. E2 was administrated in OVX mice. The behaviour and physiological changes of OVX mice including immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), levels of serum E2, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress factors, indoleamine2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the neurotransmitters mediated by IDO1 activation were then recorded. Cell injury models established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or H2O2 stimulation in HT22 and BV2 cells were employed to further explore the mechanisms of E2's function. E2 treatment improved OVX‐induced increase of immobility time in FST and TST. Meanwhile, E2 ameliorated the changes of inflammatory factors (NF‐κB, TNF‐α and IL‐6), IDO1, IDO1‐mediated TRP/KYN pathway and oxidative stress factors (iNOS, MDA, GSH and SOD) in the hippocampus of OVX mice. Interestingly, ERβ inhibitor abolished E2's inhibitory effects on the inflammation and IDO1‐mediated TRP/KYN pathway; ERβ inhibitor also abolished E2's anti‐oxidative stress effect. In cell experiments, ERβ small interfering RNA (siRNA) pretreatment reversed E2's anti‐inflammatory effect on LPS‐treated HT22 and BV2 cells and E2's inhibitory effect on IDO1 expression in LPS‐treated BV2 cells. ERβ siRNA pretreatment also reversed E2's anti‐oxidation effect on H2O2‐treated HT22 cells. E2 exert the antidepressant function in OVX mice via ERβ‐modulated suppression of NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress factors and IDO1‐mediated TRP/KYN pathway in the hippocampus.
Effects of Thioglycolate Compounds in an Emerging Technique in the World of Cosmetics—Brow Lamination
Authors: Ghanem Laura , Chagoury Stephani , Issa Andrea , Khoury Kaline Maya , Karam Kelly Katherine , Makhlouf Milissa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe side effects of two related chemicals, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) have been widely highlighted in the world of cosmetics. These thioglycolate compounds are considered essential ingredients in a new technique known as brow lamination. This technique is widely used nowadays, with the aim of changing the eyebrow shape.AimsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to address the possible side effects of brow lamination.ResultsThe hydrophilic characteristic of ATG and TGA reflects their transdermal absorption through the intracellular and transappendageal pathways. These compounds can affect the skin through allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), characterized by skin irritation, dryness, and erythema. Moreover, these thioglycolates can alter several mechanical and chemical reactions in the eyebrows' hair, therefore affecting their shape, structure, and pigmentation. In addition, these chemicals contained in brow lamination can exert systemic manifestations, at the level of the reproductive, ocular, respiratory, and endocrine systems.ConclusionMore studies should be elaborated to shed light on the possible side effects of this trend. Additionally, further regulations should be taken into consideration to ensure the concentration and the measures applied are convenient to minimize these side effects.
Effects of Cognitive Flexibility, Prosocial and Problem Behaviours, Parenting Style and Social Support on Social Adaptation Among Children With Leukaemia: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Mengjia Wang , Jinjin Lei , Jinglan Ji , Dan Li , Nan Qin , Ruixing Zhang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeukaemia children often encounter various social adaptation issues stemming from changes in their living environment. Identifying and optimising the factors associated with social adaptation is crucial in improving social adaptation in children with leukaemia.ObjectivesTo investigate social adaptation in children with leukaemia and to clarify the impact pathway of cognitive flexibility, problem behaviour, prosocial behaviour, parenting style and social support on social adaptation.MethodsUsing a convenience sampling method, 264 leukaemia children completed a cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected using the Social Adaptation Assessment Scale for Children with Leukaemia, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, Short‐Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran and Multi‐Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Structural equation modelling was used to test the influencing factors of social adaptation.ResultsSocial support directly influenced social adaptation (β = 0.19, p < 0.01) and indirectly influenced social adaptation through prosocial behaviour (β = 0.06, p < 0.01) and problem behaviour (β = 0.18, p < 0.01). Prosocial behaviour (β = 0.17, p < 0.01) and problem behaviour (β = −0.61, p < 0.01) directly influenced social adaptation. Negative parenting directly influenced social adaptation (β = 0.12, p < 0.01) and indirectly influenced social adaptation (β = −0.23, p < 0.01) through problem behaviour.ConclusionOur finding indicated that there are prominent social adjustment problems in the recovery process of children with leukaemia. These findings suggest that targeted education is needed to enhance social adaptation among children with leukaemia.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe final model should serve as a framework to guide intervention research targeting social support and negative parenting to improve the social adaptation of children with leukaemia. During the recovery process, nurses need to regularly follow up on the children's social adaptation and encourage them to participate in social activities to increase social support while providing family guidance based on improving parenting styles.Patient or Public ContributionThe subjects of this study were children with leukaemia aged 8–18 years. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Psychological Distress in Patients With Early‐Stage Lung Cancer During Preoperative Period: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lu Lijun , Zhang Bo , Li Wei , Li Jina , Li Lezhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aims to investigate the prevalence of significant psychological distress and identify risk factors associated with it among early‐stage lung cancer patients in the preoperative period.BackgroundLung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with low survival rates and significant psychological distress. While much research has focused on distress in advanced‐stage patients, less is known about the prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress in early‐stage lung cancer patients before surgery.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study included 427 early‐stage lung cancer patients preparing for surgery. Researchers used a study‐specific questionnaire to gather general information and employed the Distress Management Screening Measurement, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7 to assess personal situations and psychological distress levels. Statistical analyses investigated distress across various patient characteristics and examined correlations with anxiety and depression. Binary logistic regression identified significant predictors of psychological distress.ResultsThe study found that 41.9% of early‐stage lung cancer patients experienced significant psychological distress preoperatively, with an average score of 3.31 ± 2.18. Psychological distress was significantly positively correlated with depression (r = 0.474, p < 0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.591, p < 0.001). Significant risk factors for psychological distress included pulmonary nodules (OR = 2.884, 95% CI: 1.496–5.559), smoking history (OR = 2.092, 95% CI: 1.016–4.306) and chronic diseases (OR = 2.013, 95% CI: 1.073–3.776).ConclusionEarly‐stage lung cancer patients often experience a high incidence of clinically significant psychological distress during the preoperative period, strongly associated with depression and anxiety. Adverse factors contributing to psychological distress include multiple indeterminate pulmonary nodules, smoking history and concurrent chronic diseases. Routine screening for psychological distress in these patients is recommended, along with personalised interventions and self‐management strategies to help alleviate their distress during the perioperative period.
Delirium and Weakness Acquired in the Intensive Care Unit: Individual and Combined Effects on 90‐Day Mortality in Survivors of Critical Illness
Authors: Siao Shu‐Fen , Zheng Ya‐Yun , Wei Yu‐Chung , Boehm Leanne M. , Chen Cheryl Chia‐Hui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare the individual and combined effects on 90‐day mortality among four critically ill survivor groups: normal (without ICU‐acquired delirium or ICU‐acquired weakness), delirium‐only (with ICU‐acquired delirium only), weakness‐only (with ICU‐acquired weakness only) and delirium–weakness (combined ICU‐acquired delirium and weakness).MethodsA prospective cohort study consecutively recruited delirium‐free critically ill patients admitted to six medical ICUs at a university hospital. Delirium was assessed once daily for 14 days (or until death or ICU discharge) using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Participants who were discharged from the ICUs were assessed for weakness using the Medical Research Council scale. A summed score below 48 defines ICU‐acquired weakness. These survivors were evaluated again for 90‐day mortality. The study is reported using the STROBE checklist.ResultsDelirium developed in 107 (43.2%) participants during their first 14 days of ICU stay; 55 (22.2%) met criteria for weakness by ICU discharge. Participants with delirium were at increased risk for also developing ICU‐acquired weakness, and the 90‐day mortality was 18.2%. Independent of age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at ICU admission, delirium‐only and weakness‐only were not associated with higher 90‐day mortality, while participants in the delirium–weakness group had a 3.69‐fold higher risk of death, compared to those who were normal during the ICU stay. A non‐significant interaction was found, suggesting the joint effect of delirium and weakness on mortality is not higher than the sum of both effects individually.ConclusionsMortality is substantially high among critically ill survivors who experience both delirium and weakness, although no additive effect on mortality was observed when these conditions occur together. Our findings highlight the urgent need to optimise ICU care by prioritising the prevention, early identification and management of these two common ICU‐acquired conditions.Patient ContributionStudy participation and completion of all assessments.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04206306
Self‐Care of Older Patients Affected by at Least Two Chronic Conditions Between Heart Failure, Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comparative Study
Authors: Baldan Giulia Andrea , De Maria Maddalena , Luciani Michela , Matarese Maria , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aims to describe disease‐specific self‐care behaviours in patients with heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in various combinations; to compare these self‐care behaviours within patient groups; and to evaluate differences across these groups.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total sample of 1079 older patients was recruited from outpatient clinics and home settings. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 65 years and had a diagnosis of HF and/or DM, and/or COPD, along with at least one additional chronic condition. Data were collected using validated tools: the Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index, Self‐Care of Diabetes Inventory and Self‐Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse disease‐specific self‐care behaviours. Group comparisons were performed using Student's t‐test and univariate, followed by multivariate analyses of variance.ResultsThe analysis focused on a subset of 223 patients who had a combination of at least two chronic conditions between HF, DM and/or COPD. The mean age of participants was 77.3 (SD 7.5) years, with a majority being female (53.4%). Self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management for HF and COPD were found to be inadequate across all patient groups. Adequate self‐care was only observed in DM management among those with HF and DM and in DM maintenance for those with DM and COPD treated with insulin. Significant differences in all self‐care dimensions were observed across groups, particularly in patients managing all three conditions (HF, DM and COPD).ConclusionsThe findings provide valuable insights into the complexities of self‐care in patients with multiple chronic conditions, underscoring the need for tailored, integrated and patient‐centred interventions. Healthcare strategies should focus on enhancing patient education and developing personalised approaches to improve health outcomes and quality of life in this population.Reporting MethodAll the authors have adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines STROBE Statement.Patient or Public ContributionA convenience sample of patients was recruited in outpatient clinics and their homes. Data were collected between March 2017 and August 2022, by face‐to‐face during routine outpatient visits or directly at the patient's home.
Comparison of trueness, time, and number of images among different denture digitization protocols
Authors: Sawangsri Kedith , Leelaluk Satita , Hsieh Yuan‐lynn , Lee Damian J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare trueness, time, and number of images of different denture digitization protocols.Materials and MethodsMaxillary and mandibular complete prostheses (n = 10) were fabricated and attached with four fiducial markers. Reference scans were obtained using a laboratory scanner. Test scans were obtained using three different protocols: intraoral scanner (IOS) with manufacturer's scanning pattern (MA), IOS with rolling scanning pattern (RO), and IOS‐ polyvinylsiloxane technique (IOS‐PVS). The scan time and number of images taken were recorded for analysis. Using 3‐dimensional (3D) inspection software (Geomagic control X), corresponding test scans were superimposed to the reference scan using overall best fit. For trueness analysis, the root mean square (RMS) value of the overall best‐fit superimposition was calculated. One‐way ANOVA followed by Games‐Howell and Tukey post‐hoc tests were applied to analyze trueness, scan time, and number of images. Qualitative analysis of trueness was performed using 3D color mapping.ResultsThe lowest RMS value was in the mandibular RO protocol (0.10 ±0.01 mm). The highest RMS value was mandibular scans of the IOS‐PVS protocol (1.46 ± 0.09 mm). The longest digitization time was recorded in the maxillary MA group (3.34 ± 0.70 min), while the shortest was in the mandibular RO protocol (2.48 ± 0.56 min). Qualitative analysis revealed that deviation in IOS‐PVS protocol occurred around the border area of the prosthesis.ConclusionThe denture digitization protocols tested significantly affected trueness, total scanning time, and number of images. Digitizing dentures using the RO protocol improved trueness and reduced scanning time and the number of images.
Can ChatGPT provide quality information about fever in children?
Authors: Kacer Emine Ozdemir , Ipekten Funda 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) systems hold great promise in improving medical care and health problems.AimWe aimed to evaluate the answers by asking the most frequently asked questions to ChatGPT for the prediction and treatment of fever, which is a major problem in children.MethodsThe 50 questions most frequently asked about fever in children were determined, and we asked them to ChatGPT. We evaluated the responses using the quality and readability scales.ResultsWhile ChatGPT demonstrated good quality in its responses, the readability scale and the Patient Education Material Evaluation Tool (PEMAT) scale used with materials appearing on the site were also found to be successful. Among the scales in which we evaluated ChatGPT responses, a weak positive relationship was found between Gunning Fog (GFOG) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores (r = 0.379) and a significant and positive relationship was found between FGL and SMOG scores (r = 0.899).ConclusionThis study sheds light on the quality and readability of information regarding the presentation of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, regarding fever, a common complaint in children. We determined that the answers to the most frequently asked questions about fire were high‐quality, reliable, easy to read and understandable.