bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Ground‐Penetrating Radar Early‐Time Signal Approaches for Mapping Changes in Shallow Soil Water Content
Authors: Algeo Jonathan , Slater Lee , Binley Andrew , Van Dam Remke L. , Watts Chris 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Early‐time amplitude analysis requires understanding of site, system, and methodology.
The AEA and CFA both have benefits and disadvantages.
Time window selection is important when shallow reflectors may be present.
Early time GPR results are highly frequency dependent.
Improving irrigation efficiency requires accurate assessment of the soil moisture distribution in time and space, but obtaining accurate observational data is challenging. Early‐time signal (ETS) amplitude analysis of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data may permit such rapid noninvasive characterization. In this study we performed controlled irrigation experiments using a multifrequency GPR system to compare two statistics used to quantify the ETS: average envelope amplitude (AEA) and carrier frequency amplitude (CFA). Supporting data were provided by direct measurements, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), and synthetic modeling. In our first experiment, both statistics successfully related the ETS for 250 and 400 MHz GPR data to increasing water content. However, the 400 MHz AEA lost sensitivity at later stages of the irrigation process, whereas the 400 MHz CFA remained sensitive to changes in water content. The 1000 MHz data did not show the expected relationships, possibly due to shallow reflectors, such as the wetting front, which the higher frequency antennae would have a greater chance of detecting, as supported by synthetic modeling. In our second experiment, we focused on the effect of the time window on calculating ETS statistics. We demonstrate that, when there is interference in the ETS, using a shorter time window instead of the more common first positive half cycle improves correlation with soil moisture content. Our work shows that the GPR ETS data respond to changes in soil water content in similar fashion to ERI data.
Correlation of Sacral Ratio and Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Movahedi Zahra , Taherinia Leila , Noorbakhsh Samileh 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:The sacral bone anomalies have an important effect on urinary and gastrointestinal tract and sacral ratio was defined as an indicator for estimating the anorectal abnormalities in children. This study was carried out for determining the association between sacral ratio and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) among children.Material and Methods:In a cross sectional study, 100 children under 15 years with proven febrile UTI were referred to a referral children center considering the presence and grading of VUR according to VCUG enrolled in this study.Sacral ratio was measured for all cases and the data were compared by student T test, Chi 2 and Mann Whitney tests. SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results:41 boys and 59 girls with mean age 4.8 years were enrolled in this study. The average range of sacral ratio was 0.82. There was no staistical difference between two different genders and ages (p> 0.05).The values of SR in patients with VUR were lower than patients without VUR(P˂0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference between both bilateral and unilateral VUR and SR (p> 0.05).Conclusion:The risk of sacral bone abnormality in patients with VUR is more than patients without VUR. Therefore, in patients with UTI and low SR simultaneously, tighter evaluation for VUR and treatment should be considered.
Comparison of Microbial Removal Between Slow Dead‐End Versus Tangential Sand Filtration
Authors: Dizer Halim , Schmidt Ralf , Szewzyk Regine , López‐Pila Juan M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: Both river bank filtration and dead‐end sand filtration are becoming increasingly applied in rural areas to improve the quality of fecally contaminated water. To evaluate the capacity of both treatments to remove E. coli, fecal streptococci, and somatic and K13‐phages, this study investigates their concentrations in diluted wastewater after short‐distance tangential sand filtration and dead‐end sand filtration. Bacteria were almost undetectable in both systems after 60 cm depth, and at a pore‐water velocity of 1 m/d. Both phages underwent removal of 2.5 logs by tangential filtration, whereas dead‐end filtration removed 5.1 logs and 3.9 logs of K13‐phages and somatic phages, respectively. After discounting removal by the schmutzdecke, observed only in the dead‐end filtration, both systems removed phages similarly. It is concluded that short‐distance river bank filtration, alone, does not meet WHO requirements for drinking water. However, the concomitant reduction of suspended solids renders the filtered water amenable to further treatment steps.
Menciptakan Pengelolaan Arsip Surat Kabar yang Andal (Studi Kasus Depo Arsip Suara Merdeka)
Authors: Sadhyoko Joseph Army 
Published: September 2018

Depo Arsip Suara Merdeka menciptakan pengelolaan arsip surat kabar yang andal. Pengelolaan tersebut diwujudkan dalam program mesin pencari data yang telah disusun secara sistematis. Pengelola berharap pengguna arsip dapat lebih efektif mengakses arsip surat kabar Suara Merdeka dengan media tersebut.
Protein and Mineral Contents of Cocoa Beans Fermentation from Luwu Timur Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Assa Asma , Noor Alfian , Misnawi Misnawi , Djide Muh. Natsir , Muliadi Muliadi 
Published: September 2018

Cocoa beans are raw materials of cocoa processed food products rich in protein and minerals. Availability of sufficient quantities greatly determines the nutritional quality of the food. One of the post-harvest processes affecting the protein and minerals contents in cocoa beans is fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein, macro, and micronutrients contents in fermented cocoa beans of PBC 123, BR 25, and MCC 02 clones with fermentation time variations for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Methods of analysis used Kjeldahl and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that clones, fermentation time, and their interaction affect protein, macro and micronutrients content in cocoa beans. The interaction between BR 25 clone and 48-hour fermentation time showed the highest protein content (13.34%). The highest macronutrients content were found in PBC 123 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Ca, in MCC 02 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for Mg, in BR 25 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Na, and in BR 25 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for K. The highest micronutrients contents were found in PBC 123 clone with 96-hour fermentation time for Fe, in MCC 02 clone with 120-hour fermentationtime for Mn, and in BR 25 clone with 96-hour fermentation time for Zn. Variations of protein, macronutrients and micronutrients contents in cocoa beans were affected by clone variety and fermentation time treatment.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Edel Cocoa Clones Parental Cross Using Maturase K (matK) Gene
Authors: Anita-Sari Indah , Sobir Sobir , Wahyu Susilo Agung , Hidayatullah Akhmad , Sugianto Pingkan , Faizal Irvan 
Published: September 2018

Economically, cacao bean products are divided into fine flavor and bulk cocoa. Fine flavor cocoa has white color beans while bulk cocoa has purple color beans. Bean color of fine-flavor cocoa beans is determined by the presence of a double recessive gene which is inherited from Criollo cocoa type. Analysis of the genetic background in this study used maturase K (matK) gene to ascertain the identity of the genotypes which will be used as a parent in crossing of fine flavor cocoa plants. The study aimed to investigate the genetic background of the promising clones that will be used as a parent in breeding program on fine flavor cocoa based on maturase K (matK) gene in order to ensure the identity of the genotype that will be used in parent crossing and it had Criollo ancestor. DNA analysis was conducted at Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology (BPPT), Serpong, West Java. DNA analysis was conducted on eight genotypes consisting of four genotypes of fine flavor cocoa (ICCRI 02, DRC 16, PNT 16 and DR 2) and four genotypesof bulk cocoa (MCC 01, MCC 02, sulawesi 1, and KW 617). The results showed that Maturase K (matK) was one of chloroplastgene which could be used to study phylogenetic and evolution on cocoa. Two primers Mac 02 and Mac 09 were used for amplification of matK gene on cocoa with a rate of homology 99-100% with position 872 bp for Mac 02 and 1153 bp for Mac 09.The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the cocoa genotypes would be used as parent crossing included DR 2, ICCRI 02, DRC 16, PNT 16, MCC 01, MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, KW 617 and HJ 2 tended to have ancestral Criollo as female parent.
Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün Kirli ve Temiz Bölgelerinden Yakalanan Balıkların (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843, Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811, Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) Dokularındaki Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: FIRAT Özgür , FIRAT Özge , ÇOĞUN Hikmet Yeter , AYTEKİN Tüzin , FRİDİN Gülbin , TEMİZ Özge , SAĞ Hazal , KARGIN Ferit 
Published: September 2018

Atatürk Baraj
Gölü’nün evsel ve endüstriyel atık sularıyla kirlenen Sitilce ve göreceli
olarak temiz bölge olan Samsat bölgelerinden dört farklı balık türü, 2013
yılının Ağustos ayında yakalanmıştır. Silurus triostegus, Chalcalburnus tarichi, Chondrostoma regium ve Carassius carassius türlerinin balıkların solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki Cu, Zn, Fe,
Cd, Pb ve Cr düzeyleri İndüktif olarak Birleştirilmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon
Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Metal düzeylerinin çalışma
bölgelerinden etkilendiği ve tüm örneklerin dokularındaki en yüksek metal
düzeylerinin kirli bölgede daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Sitilce ve Samsat
örneklerinin kas dokularındaki en yüksek metal düzeyleri µg/g kuru ağırlık olarak sırasıyla; 0,75 ve 0,18 (Cu); 22,58 ve 7,42 (Zn); 27,11 ve
7,22 (Fe); 0,09 ve Saptanamadı (SP) (Cd),
0,29 ve SP (Pb), 0,13 ve SP (Cr) olarak bulunmuştur. Atatürk Baraj
Gölü’nün Sitilce bölgesindeki balıkların kas dokularında önemli düzeylerde ağır
metallerin biriktiği ancak bu değerlerin yasal olarak izin verilen limitlerin
altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Analisis Nilai Anak dalam Gerakan Keluarga Berencana bagi Keluarga Melayu
Authors: Fahmi Siska , Pinem Mbina 
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai anak dan Pelaksanaan Gerakan Keluarga Berencana bagi keluarga Melayu di Desa Melayu Besar Kecamatan Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 500 pasangan usia subur dan sampel ditentukan sebesar 20%, sehingga sampel berjumlah 100 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik komunikasi langsung kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; nilai anak bagi keluarga Melayu Riau dipandang dari segi sosial merupakan sumber ketentraman dan meningkatkan status sosial. Dari segi ekonomi merupakan sumber pendapatan dan jaminan masa tua kelak. Dari segi budaya, merupakan sumber rezeki dan ahli waris orang tuanya. Dari segi agama, merupakan amanah dari yang maha pencipta yang senantiasa harus dirawat/dijaga dan penyejuk di dalam rumah tangga. Dari segi psikologis, memiliki nilai kepuasan tersendiri bagi keluarga. Tingginya pemahaman 5 nilai anak inilah yang menyebabkan masyarakat ingin menambah jumlah anak lagi. Pelaksanaan Gerakan Keluarga Berencana berjalan akan tetapi masyarakatnya masih patuh terhadap budaya. Hal ini dapat terlihat dengan keaktifan para akseptor mengikuti sosialisasi/penyuluhan dari Dinas Kesehatan dan Petugas PLKB setiap bulannya, akan tetapi masih memiliki anak dengan jumlah yang melebihi 2 orang.
Dependence of the limit endurance of specimens with notches from the depth of hardened surface layer
Authors: Vakulyuk V. S. , Shadrin V. K. , Surgutanov N. A. 
Published: September 2018

It is shown that, growth of the layer with compressive residual stresses at advanced surface plastic deformation of smooth samples leads to an increase in the endurance limit of the notched specimens due to an increase in the compressive residual stresses in their dangerous section. The study was conducted on the specimens with outer diameterDequal to 10 and 25 mm and on a 25 mm specimen with inner diameterd= 15 mm which were subjected to air shot blasting and roll-in. Residual stresses in smooth specimens were determined by the mechanical method. Circular incisions (R= 0.3 and 0.5 mm) were applied on hardened smooth samples with a shaped cutter. Residual stresses in notched specimens were determined by a numerical method calculating the redistribution of the residual stresses upon the incision. As the diameter of the samples increases with the same strengthening surface treatment,the depth of the layer with the compressive residual stresses increases due to an increase in the rigidity of the samples. The effect of surface hardening on the endurance limit of notched specimens was evaluated according to the criterion of the average integral residual stresses, which takes into account both the magnitude and completeness of the residual stresses. This criterion was calculated from the depth of the non-propagating fatigue crack that occurs in the surface layer in the dangerous section of the specimen during the fatigue test at the limit endurance. Fatigue tests are carried out in symmetrical cycle, the test base being 3 × 106cycles of loading. Estimation of the increment of the limit endurance of surface-hardened cylindrical specimens with semicircular notches gave the results acceptable for practice. The use of the proposed method can significantly reduce long-term and expensive fatigue tests.
O impacto do registro de atendimento integrado (RAI) na atividade policial
Authors: Ferreira Hugo Domingos , De Castro Gustavo Batista 
Published: September 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo servir de auxilio no estudo e identificação de diretrizes para se desenvolver melhorias no sistema de Registro de Atendimento Integrado (RAI), através de uma pesquisa de satisfação junto a um conjunto de usuários das diversas forças de segurança pública da região de Aparecida de Goiânia. Esse estudo constatou que apesar do sistema ser avaliado positivamente pela a maioria dos entrevistados, existem diversas sugestões a serem levados em consideração, tendo em vista a visão centralizadora que o sistema tem, pois algumas instituições questionam a falta de certas informações especificas de sua área de atuação que ainda não estão contempladas pelo sistema. Desse modo, enfatiza-se a importância de se levar em consideração a opinião e as sugestões dos entrevistados pois são estes quem usam o sistema e sabem da realidade da aplicabilidade do sistema.
Impact of intercropping on yield, fruit quality and economics of young Kinnow mandarin plants
Authors: Gill Mandeep Singh , Khehra Savreet , Gupta Navjot 
Published: September 2018

Intercropping practices in orchard not only generate an extra income but the practice also helps to check the soil erosion through ground coverage and improves the physico-chemical properties of the soil.. The effect of intercrops on vegetative performance and quality of 5 years old Kinnow mandarins raised on Rough Lemon rootstocks at 6x6m spacing was studied at RRS, Bathinda during the year 2011-12 and 2012-13. An intercropping experiment comprising of seven treatments such as T1: guara (Summer) + wheat (winter), T2: guara (summer) + barley (winter), T3: guara (summer) + fenugreek (winter), T4: moong (summer) + wheat (winter), T5: moong (summer) + barley (winter), T6: moong (summer) + fenugreek (winter) and T7: control (fallow: no intercrop) was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications to assess the effect of various intercrops on the performance of Kinnow in arid irrigated region of Bathinda, Punjab. The results of the study revealed that guar + wheat intercropping system exhibited better performance which has been reflected in the form of plant height (3.31 cm), gross income (Rs. 41180/-), fruit number (175) and Total Soluble Solids(TSS) per cent (10.8) of Kinnow fruit. The work concludes that intercropping in Kinnow mandarin helps to improve yield, fruit quality and economic aspect.
Allelopathic effect of Celtis australis on germination and growth parameters of some important food crops of the Garhwal Himalayas
Authors: Pant Neha , Khanduri V. P. , Bali R. S. , Rawat Pravin , Gopal Ram 
Published: September 2018

Present study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of leaf and bark aqueous extracts of Celtis australis on Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Brassica rapa, Lens culinaris and Vigna umbellate under In-vitro condition. Different leaf and bark aqueous extracts 5%, 10%, and 15% were used to irrigate the seeds of test crops. The results revealed that the concentration dependent significant (p=0.05) inhibitory effect of aqueous leaf and bark extracts on germination, root and shoot length of all the test crops. Among all the test crops Triticum aestivum was found most sensitive where the germination percentage was reduced down to 46.0% by the leaf extract (15%) as compared to control (82.3%), while the maximum inhibition in the root length of Lens culinaris (0.5 cm) by 10% leaf extract was observed as compare to control (8.2 cm). In shoot length maximum inhibitory effect was observed in Hordeum vulgare (3.5 cm) as compared to control (13.3 cm). Similarly, the bark extract showed the maximum inhibition in germination percentage of Lens culinaris (41.6%) at 15% concentration as compare to control (70.0%) while the maximum inhibition for the root length was recorded in Triticum aestivum (1.9 cm) at 15% concentration as compare to control (17.3 cm). In shoot length maximum inhibition was observed for Triticum aestivum (1.3 cm) at 10% extract level as compare to control (13.4 cm), while Vigna umbellate (5.5 cm) at 15% concentration showed stimulatory effect as compare to control (3.4 cm) exceptionally. Finally, it is concluded that Vigna umbellate exhibited the maximum tolerance against leaf and bark aqueous and might be a better option for intercropping with C. australis. However, the allelopathic effect on the other test crops can be minimized by removing the fallen leaves from the agricultural fields.
Effect of nickel uptake on selected growth parameters of Amaranthus viridis L.
Authors: Joseph Johny , Reddy Jayaram , Sayantan D 
Published: September 2018

Nickel is an essential element for normal physiological functions in plants. At higher doses (>50 mg/kg, as per WHO) it is toxic to plants and humans, which can bring about oxidative stress affecting the physiological functions of plants and is also considered carcinogenic to human beings. To manage nickel pollution in environment, proper chemical or phytoremediation techniques are required. In this regard nickel accumulator plants would offer a cost effective and environmental friendly phytoremediation method. In the present study, the nickel phyto-accumulation potential of Amaranthus viridis from soil was evaluated to check the tolerance level and the impact on selected morphological parameters like total biomass, plant height, root length and number of leaves. Nickel uptake by A. viridis was studied from Ni contaminated soil amended with20, 40, 60, 80 mg/Kg of Ni exposure under controlled conditions. Toxic effects and tolerance of the plant to toxic doses of nickel was evaluated by correlating the uptake per gram of biomass with various parameters of plant like its height, biomass, root length and, number of leaves. Supply dependent maximum nickel uptake of 108 µg/gm and corresponding decrease in growth parameters were recorded up to 60 mg/Kg exposure. This study indicates the uptake of nickel by A. viridis increases with increase in supply up to 60mg/kg and beyond 60 mg/kg, the uptake decreases. The study also shows uptake of nickel per gram of biomass has a significant negative correlation mainly with parameters like plant height (R= -0.71 at 0.05 level of significance) and total biomass (R = -0.83 at 0.05 level of significance) where as other parameters like length of root and number of leavers are not significantly affected (P>0.05) with uptake of nickel per gram of biomass.
COMMUNITY RESILLIENCE PADA PENYINTAS BENCANA ALAM DI PROVINSI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Akbar Zarina , Hapsari Iriani Indri , Tola Burhanuddin 
Published: September 2018

<p><em>This article presents the implementation of core principles and value of community resillience approach in Yogyakarta province. Model program is described in situations of community and conditions post disasters to suggest ways to foster community resilience. Community resilience encompasses individual preparedness as well as establishing a supportive social context in communities to withstand and recover from disasters. </em><em>Participants were drawn from the inhabitants of</em><em> C</em><em>angkringan districts Yogyakarta Province</em><em>. In this research also examine the challenges of integrating model of community resillience to stimulate more disaster awareness and importance of developing for evaluation this model in society. The goal is also to see under which conditions natural disasters can be considered windows of opportunity for sustainability community resilience in society. </em></p>