bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperopic LASIK Retreatments With the Technolas Laser
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Galal Ahmed , Artola Alberto , Ayala Maria José , Merayo Jesus 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of hyperopic LASIK retreatments.
METHODS: This retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative, observational study included 85 eyes that underwent hyperopic LASIK retreatment with 1-year followup. Complete ophthalmic examination included distance uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and pachymetry. Patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative spherical equivalent refraction: group 1, ≤+3.9 diopters (D) and group 2, ≥+4.0 D.
RESULTS: The UCVA improved from 0.31±0.2 to 0.7±0.2 in group 1 and from 0.2±0.2 to 0.6±0.2 in group 2 following retreatment. Mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from +2.8±0.85 to +0.2±0.9 in group 1 and from +5.3±0.9 to +0.3±1.3 in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 32 (72.7%) of 44 eyes had BSCVA ≥20/25, and in group 2, 24 (58.5%) of 41 eyes had BSCVA ≥20/25. After primary hyperopic LASIK, 25 (56.8%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.3%) of 41 eyes in group 2 maintained BSCVA or gained ≥l lines postoperatively in contrast to 21 (47.7%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 22 (53.9%) of 41 eyes in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 11 (25%) of 44 eyes lost ≥ lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 14 (31.8%) of 44 eyes after retreatment. In group 2, 10 (24.4%) of 41 eyes lost ≥2 lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 12 (29.2%) of 41 eyes after retreatment. After hyperopic LASIK retreatment, 31 (70.5%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.4%) of 41 eyes in group 2 were within ±0.5 D of emmetropia. Safety was 0.9 in both groups and efficacy was 0.8 and 0.7 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Complications included epithelial ingrowth of 1 to 3 mm (30%) and flap edge melting (2%).
CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK retreatment improved the refractive results of initial hyperopic LASIK surgery with 20% to 30% of eyes gaining ≥1 lines of BSCVA. The loss of BSCVA was greater after primary hyperopic LASIK than after retreatment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:596-603.]
Measurement of Contrast Sensitivity and Glare Under Mesopic and Photopic Conditions Following Wavefront-guided and Conventional LASIK Surgery
Authors: Lee Hyung Keun , Choe Chul Myung , Ma Kyoung Tak , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare contrast and glare vision in a prospective study of eyes treated using conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK surgery. The reproducibility of a glaremeter device used to quantitatively measure glare and halo was also determined.

METHODS: Ninety-two eyes of 46 patients underwent conventional LASIK surgery and 104 eyes of 52 patients underwent wavefront-guided LASIK surgery. Visual acuity, glare disability measured using a glaremeter, and contrast sensitivity assessed using a Pelli-Robson chart were measured monthly for 6 months postoperatively. Glaremeter testing was performed under both mesopic (5.4+0.4 cd/m
p 2
) and photopic (78.3±4.4 cd/m
p 2
) conditions. To evaluate the reproducibility of the glaremeter, 36 eyes of 18 nonoperated myopic patients were tested.

RESULTS: The coefficient of variation and the reliability coefficient for the glare test were 13.6% and 95.2%, respectively. The glaremeter showed that glare disability under mesopic conditions differed between conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK eyes over 6-month followup (907.5+491.5 vs 986.1+448.0 pixels preoperatively and 1717.1±521.2 vs 1407.8±411.3 pixels at 6 months, P<.0001). At 6 months, contrast sensitivity log values were 1.62+0.31 and 1.78±0.34 for conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK eyes, respectively (P=010). The visual complaint score was lower in the wavefront-guided LASIK group (P= .0116).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional ablation, wavefront-guided ablation provided superior outcomes in terms of postoperative glare under mesopic conditions, subjective complaints, and contrast sensitivity. In addition, it appears the glaremeter can be used for clinical quantitative evaluation of glare and halo. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:647-655.]
Correlation Between TGF-β1 in Tears and Corneal Haze Following LASEK and Epi-LASIK
Authors: Long Qin , Chu Renyuan , Zhou Xingtao , Dai Jinhui , Chen Chongda , Rao Srinivas K , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and degree of corneal haze formation following laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK), and examine its correlation with tear film transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels.
METHODS: This prospective, interventional, clinical trial included 20 eyes (20 patients) randomly assigned to undergo LASEK or epi-LASIK. The level of TGF-β1 in tear fluid was measured preoperatively and 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. Corneal haze was graded at 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the relationship with TGF-β1 levels was determined.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -4. 50 ±1.44 diopters (D) (range: -1.50 to -6.00 D) for LASEK eyes and -4.90 ±1.26 D (range: -1.75 to -6.00 D) for epi-LASIK eyes. Although mean corneal haze scores at 1 month were significantly higher in LASEK-treated eyes than in epiLASIK treated eyes (P= .031), these scores were similar at 3 months (P=. 608). Tear fluid TGF-β1 levels were similar in LASEK and epi-LASIK eyes before surgery (P=. 458) and significantly higher in the LASEK group at 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively (P= .015, P= .023, and P= .039, respectively). A positive correlation was noted between tear TGF-β1 levels on the first postoperative day and the degree of corneal haze at 1 month (r=0.501, P=.016).
CONCLUSIONS: Less corneal haze was noted after epiLASIK than LASEK. A positive correlation between corneal haze and tear fluid TGF-β1 levels on the first postoperative day suggest a possible mechanism for the observed difference. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:708-712.]
Topography-guided LASIK With the WaveLight Laser After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Cosar C Banu , Acar Suphi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of topography-guided LASIK in a patient after previous penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: A 20-year-old man who had previous penetrating keratoplasty in his right eye for keratoconus and was intolerant to spectacles and contact lenses underwent topography-guided LASIK.
RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/25+2. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20, with a manifest refraction of +0.25 -0.75 × 40°.
CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided LASIK is a useful therapeutic modality to address corneal irregularity after penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:716-719.]
Topography-guided CATz Versus Conventional LASIK for Myopia With the NIDEK EC-5000: A Bilateral Eye Study
Authors: Farooqui Mansoor A , Al-Muammar Abdul Rahman 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the difference in visual acuity, subjective night vision glare, and higher order aberrations in eyes with myopia with or without astigmatism operated with topography-guided customized corneal LASIK and conventional LASIK.
METHODS: This contralateral study includes 46 eyes (23 patients) that underwent topography-guided corneal customized LASIK using the customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) ablation profile in one eye and conventional LASIK using the NIDEK EC-5000 Advanced Vision Excimer laser system (NAVEX) in the other eye for myopia with or without astigmatism. Patients were masked to which eye underwent topography-guided CATz or conventional LASIK. Postoperative glare and root-mean-square (RMS) values for total higher order aberrations were measured at 1 and 3 months and compared between the two eyes.
RESULTS: No significant difference was noted in uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Of all patients, 81% stated glare was higher in conventionally treated eyes than in the CATz-treated eyes at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The RMS values for total coma (0.2385 vs 0.1522) and spherical aberration (0.2381 vs 0.1058) in conventionally treated and CATz-treated eyes were significantly higher in conventionally treated eyes (P= .029 and P= .004, respectively) at 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided corneal customized LASIK with the CATz profile gave better night vision quality as compared to conventional LASIK with expanded treatment zone. Better night vision quality was associated with less induced spherical aberrations and coma postoperatively in the CATz treatment group. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:741-745.]
Hyperopic LASIK With Esiris/Schwind Technology
Authors: Alió Jorge , Galal Ahmed , Ayala Maria José , Artola Alberto 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the refractive and visual outcomes of hyperopic LASIK using Esiris/Schwind technology.
METHODS: This retrospective non-comparative observational study included 106 eyes (65 patients) operated with the Esiris/Schwind laser for hyperopia. Eyes were divided into two groups: group 1, «s+3.99 diopters (D) and group 2, 5* +4.0 D (up to +7.0 D). Visual outcome for distance and near uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuities (BSCVA) (decimal values), cycloplegic refraction, keratometry (K), pachymetry, and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: In group 1, mean UCVA was 0.4+0.1 preoperatively and 0.8+0.2 6 months postoperatively. Mean BSCVA was 0.9+0.1 preoperatively and 0.9+0.1 6 months postoperatively. Safety index was 1.1 and efficacy index was 0.97. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was +2.33+0.9 D preoperatively and +0.3+0.3 D 6 months postoperatively. Mean K reading was 43.7+1.1 D preoperatively and 45.0+1.6 D 6 months postoperatively. In group 2, mean UCVA was 0.3+0.1 preoperatively and 0.8+0.2 6 months postoperatively. Mean BSCVA was 0.9 ±0.1 preoperatively and 0.9+0.1 6 months postoperatively. Safety index was 0.98 and efficacy index was 0.92. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was +5.1+0.9 D preoperatively and +0.4+0.5 D 6 months postoperatively. Mean K reading was 43.1+ 1.6 D preoperatively and 46.0+1.4 D 6 months postoperatively. Forty-six (90.2%) of 51 eyes in group 1 and 47 (85.5%) of 55 eyes in group 2 were within ±0.5 D of emmetropia. At 6-month follow-up, 40 (78%) of 51 eyes in group 1 had UCVA of 20/20 compared to 41 (75%) of 51 eyes in group 2. One (2%) of 51 eyes in group 1 and 4 (7.3%) of 55 eyes in group 2 lost «2 lines of BSCVA. No eye lost >2 lines of BSCVA.
CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK with Esiris/Schwind technology is effective and safe in the correction of hyperopia up to +7.0 D. Although a slight statistical significance was found for low hyperopia, visual and refractive results obtained in high hyperopia were encouraging. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:772-781.]
Sequential Ablation Approach to the Correction of Mixed Astigmatism
Authors: Pinelli Roberto , Ngassa Elvis Nchuinang , Scaffidi Elena 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stability of LASIK, using positive cylinder and negative sphere nomograms in sequence (sequential ablation) to correct mixed astigmatism.
METHODS: This prospective study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with mixed astigmatism. Patients underwent bilateral sequential ablation LASIK using the Technolas 217 excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Rochester, NY). The main outcome measures, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), were evaluated 3 and 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Preoperative astigmatism ranged from + 1.75 to +6.00 diopters (D) and negative sphere from -0.50 to -3.00 D. The postoperative refraction at 3 months remained unchanged at 1 year postoperative in all patients. A total of 32 (80%) eyes showed no significant residual astigmatism (<0.50 D); the remaining 8 (20%) eyes had 0.50 to 1.00 D of residual astigmatism. Residual negative sphere was present in 2 eyes of 2 patients with a planned monovision target. In the remaining 38 (95%) eyes, no significant residual negative sphere was present. Sixteen (40%) eyes had one line of improvement in BSCVA. No eye lost lines of visual acuity. The efficacy index shows that uncorrected vision after surgery is equal or better than corrected vision before surgery. Less corneal tissue is removed and fewer laser spots are required compared to other techniques for the correction of mixed astigmatism.
CONCLUSIONS: The sequential ablation approach to the correction of mixed astigmatism was efficacious, safe, and stable 1 year after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:787-794.]
Peindre le politique
Authors: Greani Nora 
Published: December 2018

Au moment des indépendances jusqu’à la fin des années 1980, deux pays séparés par une simple bande de fleuve, les deux Congos, empruntent des trajectoires diamétralement opposées : l’une communiste, l’autre anticommuniste. Cette période de l’histoire a laissé en héritage une production artistique (fresques, timbres, peintures sur toile, affiches, etc.) méconnue et encore jamais explorée dans une perspective comparative. Notre article analyse les imageries politiques congolaises en s’attachant à la circulation transnationale de motifs iconographiques. Il révèle qu’au-delà des discours et des positionnements politiques officiels propres à l’ère monopartite, l’art visuel des deux Congos laisse souvent entrapercevoir une réalité des pratiques ambiguë et contradictoire. Au travers de cette comparaison binationale, l’article se propose de contribuer à la connaissance des liens entre art et politique, par un biais géographique inédit.
De la hantise des archives
Authors: Levy Ophir 
Published: December 2018

À compter des années 1960, des images d’archives se rapportant à l’univers concentrationnaire et au génocide des Juifs ont commencé de faire irruption au sein de films de fiction et de films expérimentaux n’ayant pourtant aucun lien narratif avec la Seconde Guerre mondiale. De nombreux événements ont présidé à cette résurgence intempestive de photographies et de séquences filmées rattachées à la mémoire de la déportation. Deux d’entre eux, un peu oubliés ou plus inattendus, méritent que l’on s’y intéresse, eu égard à l’influence qu’ils ont eue sur les intellectuels et les artistes de leur époque : d’une part, le second procès d’Auschwitz, qui s’est tenu à Francfort de décembre 1963 à août 1965 ; d’autre part, la guerre du Vietnam (1959-1975). Comment des cinéastes et des écrivains tels que Jean-Luc Godard, Peter Weiss, Ingmar Bergman, Marcel Hanoun, Marcel Ophuls ou encore Stan Brakhage ont-ils intégré ces archives au sein de leurs œuvres respectives, esquissant ainsi les contours d’une authentique poétique de la hantise ?
The gluttons of eastern Siberia. Spirits, poachers, and cannibals in Evenki perceptions
Authors: Brandišauskas Donatas 
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, je tente de montrer comment les changements socioculturels survenus pendant la période soviétique ainsi que les défis actuels sont reflétés avec créativité et incorporés dans la cosmogonie des Évenks. Les nombreux êtres malveillants existant depuis des siècles dans la cosmogonie évenke et ayant pour attributs la gloutonnerie, et dans certains cas l’anthropophagie, sont continuellement rencontrés dans la vie quotidienne et décrits dans les récits contemporains évenks. Alors que les références au cannibalisme des peuples autochtones ont été largement employées par le pouvoir colonial, aujourd’hui, les Évenks lient l’influence des êtres malveillants aux politiques étatiques passées et présentes, aux événements tragiques et aux transgressions individuelles des normes éthiques et des règles de conduite. Raconter ou participer à la narration, permet aux Évenks de promouvoir la conscience des dangers potentiels, tout en enseignant les convenances en termes d’attitudes et de jugements moraux.
Mass media awareness campaign and the prevention of the spread of Lassa fever in the rural communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Impact evaluation
Authors: Wogu Joseph Oluchukwu 
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates the impact of media campaign on the prevention and spread of Lassa fever in Ebonyi state. 354 respondents were randomly selected from six rural communities in the state as study sample, while structured questionnaires were used for collecting data. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Results of analysis reveal that the media campaign has rural reach but has little or no impact. The results also reveal that the campaign failed to create appropriate awareness of the disease, its preventive/curative health behaviors. It further reveals that there are no health behavior modifications among the people because of the campaign. Therefore, this paper recommends the modification of media contents to incorporate the required preventive/curative health behaviors. Secondly, mandatory mass media awareness campaign and jingles in every news hour is recommended.
Maîtrise de la gestion des fumiers de bovin avant méthanisation : un enjeu clé pour optimiser la production de biogaz
Authors: Teixeira Franco Ruben , Buffière Pierre , Bayard Rémy 
Published: December 2018

This work focuses on the optimization of cattle manure management practices before anaerobic digestion. Different storage conditions were studied for 120 days at the laboratory scale, notably open-air storage and ensiling (and co-ensiling), with the aim of improving the conservation of the biochemical methane potential. These experiments have highlighted the very poor preservation of fresh cattle manure. On the one hand, about 74% of the biochemical methane potential was lost during aerobic storage. On the other hand, chemical properties of fresh cattle manure restricted silage stabilization, resulting in 46% loss of biochemical methane potential. Co-ensiling trials showed that preservation of cattle manure can be achieved if proper storage practices are used. For co-silages with wheat straw the energy losses varied between 5-67%. With the addition of glucose or starch the energy losses were negligible after 120 days. Co-ensilage of cattle manure with a co-substrate rich in accessible sugars and high dry matter content seems to be the most appropriate method for preserving the energy potential of this resource before anaerobic digestion.
Ce travail porte sur l'optimisation des pratiques de gestion des fumiers de bovin avant méthanisation dans l'objectif d'améliorer la conservation du potentiel bio-méthanogène. Différentes conditions de stockage ont été étudiées expérimentalement pendant 120 jours à l'échelle du laboratoire, en particulier le stockage aérobie ainsi que l'ensilage et le co-ensilage. Ces expériences ont permis de mettre en évidence la très mauvaise conservation du fumier de bovin frais dans les deux conditions de stockage. D'une part, le potentiel bio-méthanogène a été réduit d'environ 74 % pendant le stockage aérobie. D'autre part, les propriétés chimiques du fumier frais ont restreint la stabilisation apportée par l'ensilage, entraînant des pertes de 46 % de potentiel bio-méthanogène. Cependant, les essais de co-ensilage ont montré que le potentiel méthanogène des fumiers de bovin peut être mieux conservé par des conditions de stockage adaptées. Le co-ensilage avec de la paille de blé a ainsi permis de limiter la baisse du potentiel méthanogène entre 5 et 67 % et l'ajout de glucose ou d'amidon comme co-substrat d'ensilage a rendu les pertes négligeables en 120 jours de stockage. Le co-ensilage de fumier de bovin avec un co-substrat riche en sucres facilement biodégradables et à teneur en matière sèche élevée semble être la méthode la plus pertinente pour la préservation du potentiel énergétique de cette ressource avant méthanisation.
Attribution of recent increases in atmospheric methane through 3-D inverse modelling
Authors: McNorton Joe , Wilson Chris , Gloor Manuel , Parker Rob J. , Boesch Hartmut , Feng Wuhu , Hossaini Ryan , Chipperfield Martyn P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The
atmospheric methane (CH4) growth rate has varied considerably in
recent decades. Unexplained renewed growth after 2006 followed 7 years of
stagnation and coincided with an isotopic trend toward CH4 more
depleted in 13C, suggesting changes in sources and/or sinks. Using
surface observations of both CH4 and the relative change of
isotopologue ratio (δ13CH4) to constrain a global 3-D
chemical transport model (CTM), we have performed a synthesis inversion for
source and sink attribution. Our method extends on previous studies by
providing monthly and regional attribution of emissions from six different
sectors and changes in atmospheric sinks for the extended 2003–2015 period.
Regional evaluation of the model CH4 tracer with independent column
observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) shows
improved performance when using posterior fluxes (R=0.94–0.96, RMSE =8.3–16.5 ppb), relative to prior fluxes (R=0.60–0.92, RMSE =48.6–64.6 ppb). Further independent validation with data from the Total
Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) shows a similar improvement in the
posterior fluxes (R=0.87, RMSE =18.8 ppb) compared to the prior
fluxes (R=0.69, RMSE =55.9 ppb). Based on these improved posterior
fluxes, the inversion results suggest the most likely cause of the renewed
methane growth is a post-2007 1.8±0.4 % decrease in mean OH, a
12.9±2.7 % increase in energy sector emissions, mainly from
Africa–Middle East and southern Asia–Oceania, and a 2.6±1.8 %
increase in wetland emissions, mainly from northern Eurasia. The posterior
wetland flux increases are in general agreement with bottom-up estimates, but
the energy sector growth is greater than estimated by bottom-up methods. The
model results are consistent across a range of sensitivity analyses. When
forced to assume a constant (annually repeating) OH distribution, the
inversion requires a greater increase in energy sector (13.6±2.7 %)
and wetland (3.6±1.8 %) emissions and an 11.5±3.8 %
decrease in biomass burning emissions. Assuming no prior trend in sources and
sinks slightly reduces the posterior growth rate in energy sector and wetland
emissions and further increases the magnitude of the negative OH trend. We
find that possible tropospheric Cl variations do not influence δ13CH4 and CH4 trends, although we suggest further work on Cl
variability is required to fully diagnose this contribution. While the study
provides quantitative insight into possible emissions variations which may
explain the observed trends, uncertainty in prior source and sink estimates
and a paucity of δ13CH4 observations limit the robustness of
the posterior estimates.