bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Regulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Exposure of Children and Adolescents to Erectile Dysfunction Commercials
Authors: Arnold Denis G. , Oakley James L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContext: Spending on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription pharmaceuticals has risen to record levels, five times as much as in 1996 in inflation-adjusted dollars. Major health care provider organizations have called for additional regulation of DTCA. These organizations argue that the negative impact of such advertising outweighs the informational value claimed by the pharmaceutical industry. The industry maintains that further restrictions on DTCA are not warranted because it is successfully self-regulating via “guiding principles” for DTCA as certified by firm executives.Methods: The authors measured recent industry spending on DTCA and used regression models of Nielsen Monitor-Plus data to assess pharmaceutical firm self-regulation after the public disclosure of noncompliance with industry self-regulatory principles, specifically regarding the exposure of children and adolescents to broadcast advertisements for erectile dysfunction drugs.Findings: Public disclosure of noncompliance with self-regulatory DTCA standards did not bring advertising into compliance. Results demonstrate that firms failed to meet the industry standard during every quarter of the six-year period of this study.Conclusions: Results support previous research findings that pharmaceutical self-regulation is a deceptive blocking strategy rather than a means for the industry to police itself. Policy recommendations include broadcast restrictions on adult content and deincentivizing DTCA via tax reform.
Synthesis of Isoxazolidines by Intramolecular Hydroamination of N-Alkoxyamides in the Presence of a Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyst
Authors: Ishizuka Hayate , Adachi Kanna , Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
N-Acyl isoxazolidines were obtained in moderate to good yields by intramolecular hydroamination of N-alkoxyamides in the presence of a ruthenium photocatalyst. In this reaction, the N-alkoxyamide anion generated by deprotonation undergoes photocatalyzed single-electron-transfer (SET) oxidation to generate the corresponding radical, which cyclizes to afford the isoxazolidine ring. Notably, this method was applicable to a macrocyclic substrate, affording the corresponding 12-membered macrocycle-containing product.
MDCT prior to median re-sternotomy in cardiovascular surgery: our experiences, infrequent findings and the crucial role of radiological report
Authors: Valente Tullio , Bocchini Giorgio , Rossi Giovanni , Sica Giacomo , Davison Hannah , Scaglione Mariano 
Published: June 2019

Resternotomy (RS) is a common occurrence in cardiac surgical practice. It is associated with an increased risk of injury to old conduits, cardiac structures, catastrophic hemorrhage and subsequent high morbidity and mortality rate in the operating room or during the recovery period. To mitigate this risk, we evaluated the role of multidetector CT (MDCT) in planning repeat cardiac surgery.
We evaluated sternal compartment abnormalities, sternal/ascending aorta distance, pre-reoperative assessment of the aorta (wall, diameters, lumen, valve), sternal/right ventricle distance, diaphragm insertion, pericardium and cardiac chambers, sternal/innominate vein distance, connection of the grafts to the predicted median sternotomy cut, graft patency and anatomic course, possible aortic cannulation and cross-clamping sites and additional non-cardiovascular significant findings.
Based on the MDCT findings, surgeons employed tailored operative strategies, including no-touch technique, clamping strategy and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) via peripheral cannulation assisted resternotomy. Our experience suggests that MDCT provides information which contributes to the safety of re-operative heart surgery reducing operative mortality and adverse outcomes. The radiologist must be aware of potential surgical options, including in the report any findings relevant to possible resternotomy complications.
Czy przekładoznawstwo to nauka oparta na solidnym fundamencie?
Authors: Kubaszczyk Joanna 
Published: June 2019

Are Translation Studies a Field of Study Based on a Solid Foundation? Hypothesising about the Principles of Translation Studies
In every field of study, there are some fundamental assumptions, laws or certainties. What is the situation in translation studies? Do the existing translational theories, which subsume very different theoretical and methodological approaches, offer a common denominator for not always convergent, and sometimes even openly contradictory, theoretical proposals of particular researchers? On the other hand, perhaps there are some translational assumptions and laws which all theoreticians, or at least the majority of them, would admit to be acceptable? The article attempts to create a catalogue of principles which seem to be fundamental for translation studies.
Hypertension − an update for the dental (sedation) team
Authors: Leader Ross , Thayer Tom , Maher Bridget , Bell Chris 
Published: June 2019

Hypertension is the commonest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Public Health England estimates that, in England, 24% of the population are hypertensive, with 40% possibly undiagnosed. With this in mind, dentists, in particular those undertaking sedation, are in a perfect position to screen for high blood pressure and refer on for further detailed assessment. This paper outlines when a referral to the General Medical Practitioner (GP) should be considered, when sedation should be deferred and how hypertension is diagnosed and managed in primary care based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)/British Hypertension Society (BHS) guidelines. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The purpose of this article is to update General Dental Practitioners (GDPs), including those who practise IV Midazolam sedation, on how patients who present with suspected hypertension are managed by their GP. Consideration is given to what blood pressures are deemed safe to sedate and what blood pressures should be referred for further assessment, even if considered safe to sedate.
A guide to implant dentistry part 2: surgical and prosthodontic considerations
Authors: Chatzistavrianou Despoina , Wilson Paul HR , Taylor Philip 
Published: June 2019

Implant rehabilitation is a successful treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth, but careful treatment planning, restoratively-driven implant placement and individualized maintenance are prerequisites for success in order to control and minimize technical and biologic complications. The first part of the series focused on new patient assessment and pre-operative planning. The second part of the series will discuss the surgical and prosthodontic considerations and maintenance of implant-supported restorations.CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide the dental practitioner with an evidence-based overview regarding treatment planning, surgical and prosthodontic considerations and maintenance of implant-supported restorations.
Facial palsy: aetiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: McKernon Sarah , House Ayisha Davies , Balmer Colette 
Published: June 2019

Facial nerve palsy is the most frequently occurring cranial neuropathy reported to affect 1 in 60 people during their lifetime. An important step in examining these patients, is establishing whether the palsy is caused by an upper or lower motor neurone. Of the many potential aetiologies, Bell's palsy is the most frequently occurring lower motor neurone lesion. The prognosis for this is good, with approximately 85% of patients making a full recovery within three weeks. The aims of this article are to review the appropriate anatomy, potential causes of facial nerve palsy and describe a recommended assessment and management strategy for these patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To inform readers of the variety of causes of facial nerve palsy and present the evidence-based management.
A novel approach to problem-based learning in a paramedicine programme
Authors: Mitchell Nicole , Ebbs Phillip , Burbidge Samantha 
Published: June 2019

Background: Many paramedicine, nursing and medicine programmes use problem-based learning (PBL) to help bridge the gap between clinical theory and real-world practice. Aim: This paper describes a novel approach to PBL that has been used in a large, university-based paramedicine programme. Methods: Over a 3-year period, an applied pharmacology tutorial was progressively redesigned by a cross-disciplinary team of practising paramedic, pharmacy and educational design academics. Findings: A multi-space approach to PBL is described in six stages. Discussion: The pedagogical basis of the approach is examined. Strategies used within this subject are recommended for further evaluation and consideration.
Reflections on the Researcher-in-Residence model co-producing knowledge for action in an Integrated Care Organisation: a mixed methods case study using an impact survey and field notes
Authors: Gradinger Felix , Elston Julian , Asthana Sheena , Martin Susan , Byng Richard 
Published: June 2019

Background / aims / objectives
‘Embedded’ approaches to knowledge mobilisation are gaining currency, as health and social care services come under increasing pressure to redesign services now rather than wait for research. One such approach is the ‘Researcher-in-Residence’ (RiR) model which seeks to co-produce knowledge for action. The aim of this paper is to extend the evidence base regarding mechanisms of impact.

Methods
A two-year mixed-method case study of the experience and impact of two part-time RiRs, embedded within an Integrated Care Organisation to support the implementation of new models of care. Data included the results of an anonymous impact survey sent to 80 key stakeholders, field notes of meetings (n=112), and observations of naturally occurring events (n=68).

Findings
Impacts were identified in relation to use of co-produced evidence, capacity building, changes in ways of working, and to a lesser degree changes in operations or strategy. Impact involved learning which was mediated by three non-linear, non-predictable, positive and negative feedback cycles (expectations, access, learning/ improvement). A mixture of technical skills, personal attributes and behaviours were identified as key to this mediation.

Discussion/conclusion
The RiR model promises a timely, applied and transferable research model that contributes to the development, evaluation and adaptation of innovations that seek to integrate services where the evidence base is weak and uncertain. However, the model is not without challenges. These could be addressed by flexibility of research design and funding, and adequately supporting and developing key attributes of RiRs.
Sticky-disk limit of planar N-bubbles
Authors: Del Nin Giacomo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study planar N-bubbles that minimize, under an area constraint, a weighted perimeter

P
ε

{P_{\varepsilon}}

depending on a small parameter

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

. Specifically, we weight

2
-
ε

{2-\varepsilon}

the boundary between the bubbles and 1 the boundary between a bubble and the exterior. We prove that as

ε
→
0

{\varepsilon\to 0}

, minimizers of

P
ε

{P_{\varepsilon}}

converge to configurations of disjoint disks that maximize the number of tangencies, each weighted by the harmonic mean of the radii of the two tangent disks. We also obtain some information on the structure of minimizers for small ε.
An Evaluation of Dilution Rheology for the Characterization of Long Chain Branching of Polyethylenes
Authors: Chai Choon K. , Ang Swe Chong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to re-evaluate the novel rheological method of Crosby et al. [J. Rheol. 46 (2002) 401] to characterise long chain branching (LCB) in polyethylenes (PE) using the rheology of concentrated solutions. The feasibility of this dilution method centred on knowing the class of branched material and the molecular tube theory-based technique for the determination of two topological parameters (n, bU), where n is the number of entanglements between branch points while bU is the probability of meeting a branch point when tracing along the molecule from a random monomer against the direction of polymerisation. This paper proposes new possible approaches to calculate the two topological parameters (n, bU) set for metallocene polyethylenes (mPE), and their ambiguity discussed, as the results are dependent on the approach taken, though the previous authors mentioned only one. In addition, their approach requires an input value of LCB/1000C obtained from the standard analytical solution (SEC-V or SEC-LALLS) methods, hence, until now, without proper demonstration of the potential advantage of the dilution rheology method for LCB characterisation, as the main premise of their published article was to characterise the degree of LCB via rheological measurements without recourse to other methods of LCB characterisation.
Interaction Between a Screw Dislocation and a Piezoelectric Circular Inhomogeneity with Interfacial Cracks in Viscoelastic Matrix
Authors: Liu Youwen , Li Bo , Fang Qihong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate the problem for the interaction between a screw dislocation and a piezoelectric circular inhomogeneity with interface cracks in viscoelastic matrix. Utilizing the Laplace transform method, we find that the viscoelastic problem is first reduced to an associated elastic one. After solving the associated elastic problem through complex function method, the solution of viscoelastic problem is obtained by using the inverse Laplace transformation. The viscoelasticity of material is modeled by the combination of spring and dashpot. Particularly, the boundary value problem for standard linear solid model is solved analytically. The analytical results show that the force acting on the dislocation depends on the piezoelectric properties of inhomogeneity and interfacial crack, and the magnitude of the force evolves toward a constant value as time elapses. However, the viscoelasticity of material cannot alter the equilibrium position of the dislocation. Results presented in this paper are in agreement with the previous solution as special cases.
Comparison of Viscoelastic Behaviour in Silica Filled Cured and Uncured cpe/nr Blends with Various Mixing Time
Authors: Phewthongin Nilobon , Saeoui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Blends of 30-phr silica filled elastomeric chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and natural rubber (NR) at the blend composition ratio of 80/20 CPE/NR were prepared with various mixing time from 120 to 600 s. Viscoelastic behaviours of cured and uncured blends were determined using two rheometers with different shear modes, i.e., the oscillatory rheometer (Rubber Process Analyser, RPA2000) and the rate-controlled capillary rheometer (Goettfert Rheotester 2000). Results obtained reveal that the viscoelastic behaviour of blends is influenced by the formation of silica transient network, particularly in cured blends. Mixing time affects viscoelastic properties of vulcanised blends to some extent which is due probably to the high extent of thermal degradation, but plays no significant role in viscoelastic properties of unvulcanised blends. The superimposition of oscillatory and steady shear results is possible when the elastic component is eliminated from the results.
Viscoelastic Effects in Multilayer Polymer Extrusion
Authors: Anderson Patrick D. , Dooley Joseph , Meijer Han E.H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The effect of viscoelasticity on multilayer polymer extrusion is discussed. In these coextrusion processes predetermined patterns are created with a remarkable breadth of complexity even in geometrically simple dies via elastic rearrangements caused by the second-normal stress differences. A computational method is offered, based on the mapping method, which quantitatively describes the flow-induced patterns. Besides that the results are esthetically beautiful, they are also relevant for practice, since process and die design optimization is now possible. Not only to minimize interface distortion, but potentially also to deliberately create new processes and products based on this flow-induced patterning of polymers.
Measurement Errors in Yield Stress Rheometry that Arise from Torque Auto Zero
Authors: Fisher Daniel T. , Boger David V. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The measurement of the shear rheology of concentrated particulate suspensions is important to a range of mixing, pumping and flow operations. The use of a four or six bladed vane attached to a rheometer in an open cup is a popular technique to achieve a rheological characterisation. A problem occurs in the use of automated software with a number of rheological devices for yield stress materials. A torque auto zero default causes the torque at the start of a test to be ignored, and can result in significant errors and underestimation of the yield stress or rheological response of the suspension. The potential effect of using a torque auto zero default is demonstrated for a concentrated particulate suspension of nickel laterite.
Mechanical and Structural Properties of Maltodextrin/Agarose Gel Composites
Authors: Loret Chrystel , Frith William J. , Fryer Peter J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When two biopolymers are mixed together, they will normally phase separate to give two distinct phases. If the biopolymers are gelled during this phase separation, for instance by reducing the temperature, one phase is trapped in this other one and an emulsion-like composite structure is obtained. In this study, we investigated the effect of volume fraction and droplet size of this dispersed phase on the mechanical properties of maltodextrin/agarose gel composites, where agarose is the dispersed phase. Mechanical properties of the different composites were investigated under large deformation using a rheometer with a vane geometry. These composites were also observed by confocal microscopy, allowing conclusions to be drawn regarding the microstructural origins of the observed mechanical behaviour.
Numerical Studies of Transport Properties in Heterogeneous Food Systems
Authors: Courtois Peggy , Ettelaie Rammile , Chen Jianshe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The current computer simulation based study aims to elucidate the complex role that the state of aggregation and morphology of the food materials plays in determining their transport behaviour. Using Brownian dynamic simulations, applied to colloidal systems, we simulate the compression of two different dense layers of nanoparticles (with reversible and irreversible bonds), at interface, at three different compression rates. We determine the desired transport coefficient for these structures using a novel technique, originally proposed by Torquato and Kim (1990). This method allows us to consider complex structures in our study, for which calculations of effective transport coefficients using conventional methods, like finite elements and finite difference, would be relatively difficult. We first validate our algorithm by comparing its results with those of exact calculations, for different regular lattices. Our results are in excellent agreement with the theory. The variation in the transport coefficient of nano-particle monolayers during the compression, are also correlated with the build up of stress and changes in the structure of the films.
Elongational Viscosity Measurements Using a Semi-Hyperbolic Die
Authors: Baird D. G. , Huang J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The lubricated semi-hyperbolic die has been proposed as a technique for generating uni-axial extensional flow and, hence, as a device for measuring elongational viscosity. Two methods for extracting extensional viscosity data for polymer melts in laminar flow from this device have been proposed and are evaluated here. Following the approach proposed by Collier and coworkers, values of the transient extensional viscosity, η
e+, obtained from a non-lubricated semi-hyperbolic (SHPB) die for several polyethylene (PE) melts were found to be considerably higher than values obtained by means of the Münstedt-type device. Furthermore, the values of η
e+ obtained from the SHPB die were considerably higher than the strain averaged values of η
e+ which Everage and Ballman proposed would be obtained from a lubricated SHPB. The pressure drop across a SHPB die was estimated assuming resistance was all due to wall shear (using the lubrication approximation) for two PE resins. In the case of low density PE (LDPE) the values agreed to within 20% of the measured values suggesting that shear effects at the die wall were dominating the pressure drop and not extensional stresses. An analysis was carried out which showed that in the presence of lubrication the conditions for which the values of η
e+ obtained from the SHPB would be relatively accurate (Hencky strains > 5.0).
Rheology of Highly Concentrated Emulsions – Concentration and Droplet Size Dependencies
Authors: Masalova Irina , Malkin Alexander Ya. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The concentration and size dependencies of elastic properties of highly concentrated w/o emulsions were studied. The range of weight concentration of the disperse phase was 90 - 96%, the range of the average droplet size was 16 - 20 mm, and the droplet size distribution remained unchanged. The disperse phase consists of droplets of over-cooled concentrated aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. The concentration range being studied lies above the limit of maximal close packing, j > jm. The droplet size distribution is fairly wide and the shape of droplets is polygonal. These factors alone determine possible new rheological effects, such as the elasticity and visco-plastic behaviour of emulsions, as well as the observed form of concentration and size dependencies of rheological properties of emulsions. The complete flow curves were measured for these fairly new emulsion systems. It emerged that they were similar to the entire concentration and droplet size ranges being studied. The concentration dependencies of the yield stress and storage modules corresponded to the Princen-Kiss theory with critical volume concentration approximately 0.71 - 0.74. However, this theory describes the size dependence of elastic modules incorrectly. A new model is proposed, which correctly describes the dependencies of elastic modules on both determining parameters - those of concentration and droplet size.
Elongational Viscosities of Polymethylmethacrylate / Nano-Clay Composites
Authors: Katsikis Nikolaos , Königer Tobias , Münstedt Helmut 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The elongational flow of polymethylmethacrylate / nano-clay composites was studied during stressing and creep experiments using a Münstedt tensile rheometer (MTR). The dispersion of the nano-clay was controlled by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the layer distance was measured with X-ray diffraction (XRD). With growing volume fraction of the filler an increase of the viscosity is observed under constant strain rate and constant stress conditions. The results for the elongational viscosities for both modes are consistent with each other. Furthermore, a strain softening behavior can be measured, which is the more pronounced the higher the nano-clay content is. As the Trouton rule is not valid, deviations from the linear behaviour are related to an envolope curve for the elongational viscosities instead of the threefold zero shear viscosity.