bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of living with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Wallis Jason A , Taylor Nicholas F , Bunzli Samantha , Shields Nora 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesSystematically review the qualitative literature on living with knee osteoarthritis from patient and carer perspectives.DesignSystematic review of qualitative studies. Five electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception until October 2018. Data were synthesised using thematic and content analysis.ParticipantsStudies exploring the experiences of people living with knee osteoarthritis, and their carers were included. Studies exploring experiences of patients having participated in specific interventions, including surgery, or their attitudes about the decision to proceed to knee replacement were excluded.ResultsTwenty-six articles reporting data from 21 studies about the patient (n=665) and carer (n=28) experience of living with knee osteoarthritis were included. Seven themes emerged: (i) Perceived causes of knee osteoarthritis are multifactorial and lead to structural damage to the knee and deterioration over time (n=13 studies), (ii) Pain and how to manage it predominates the lived experience (n=19 studies), (iii) Knee osteoarthritis impacts activity and participation (n=16 studies), (iv) Knee osteoarthritis has a social impact (n=10 studies), (v) Knee osteoarthritis has an emotional impact (n=13 studies), (vi) Interactions with health professionals can be positive or negative (n=11 studies), (vii) Knee osteoarthritis leads to life adjustments (n=14 studies). A single study reporting the perspectives of carers reported similar themes. Psychosocial impact of knee osteoarthritis emerged as a key factor in the lived experience of people with knee osteoarthritis.ConclusionsThis review highlights the value of considering patient attitudes and experiences including psychosocial factors when planning and implementing management options for people with knee osteoarthritis.Trial registrationnumberCRD42018108962
Qualitative exploration of emotional and social changes from diagnosis to bereavement for spousal caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Gibson Kirstian , Peacock Shelley , Bayly Melanie 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo understand how bereaved spousal caregivers of persons with dementia perceive and respond to changes over the course of their spouse’s disease, from diagnosis into bereavement.DesignQualitative interview study with convenience sampling and thematic analysis approach.ParticipantsParticipants included eight women and two men (n=10) who had been spousal caregivers for a person with dementia prior to his/her death. Participants were older adults who self-reported good health and were bereaved longer than a year.SettingData collected in a small Canadian prairie city between fall 2014 and winter 2015.FindingsTwo overarching themes were developed as important components of participants’ caregiving journey: emotional reactions to change and variation in social connectedness throughout the caregiving and bereavement journey. Four key sub-themes developed through the analysis of emotional reactions to events: memorable grief overshadows persistent grief, a progressive feeling of hopelessness and overwhelmed, relief is common but hidden and gratitude is a milestone in a constructive bereavement. Three key variations of social connectedness throughout the caregiving and bereavement journey were developed: the importance of social inclusion throughout a caregiving and bereavement journey, the repeated loss of companionship and withdrawing from social interactions is contingent on needs.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that emotional changes throughout caregiving and bereavement are not linear. The need for support from family, friends and new social supports is influential in enabling the caregiver to move forward during caregiving and bereavement.
Extending the RIGHT statement for reporting adapted practice guidelines in healthcare: the RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist protocol
Authors: Song Yang , Darzi Andrea , Ballesteros Monica , Martínez García Laura , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Arayssi Thurayya , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Chen Yaolong , Cluzeau Francoise , Ghersi Davina , Padilla Paulina F , Langlois Etienne V , Schünemann Holger J , Vernooij Robin W M , Akl Elie A 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe adaptation of guidelines is an increasingly used methodology for the efficient development of contextualised recommendations. Nevertheless, there is no specific reporting guidance. The essential Reporting Items of Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement could be useful for reporting adapted guidelines, but it does not address all the important aspects of the adaptation process. The objective of our project is to develop an extension of the RIGHT statement for the reporting of adapted guidelines (RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist).Methods and analysisTo develop the RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist, we will use a multistep process that includes: (1) establishment of a Working Group; (2) generation of an initial checklist based on the RIGHT statement; (3) optimisation of the checklist (an initial assessment of adapted guidelines, semistructured interviews, a Delphi consensus survey, an external review by guideline developers and users and a final assessment of adapted guidelines); and (4) approval of the final checklist. At each step of the process, we will calculate absolute frequencies and proportions, use content analysis to summarise and draw conclusions, discuss the results, draft a report and refine the checklist.Ethics and disseminationWe have obtained a waiver of approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain). We will disseminate the RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist by publishing into a peer-reviewed journal, presenting to relevant stakeholders and translating into different languages. We will continuously seek feedback from stakeholders, surveil new relevant evidence and, if necessary, update the checklist.
PP13 Understanding sickness absence in the ambulance service
Authors: Simmons Laura , Law Graham , Asghar Zahid , Gaunt Ruth , Niroshan Siriwardena A 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAmbulance service employees have high sickness absence rates compared to other National Health Service (NHS) occupations. The aim of this study was to understand factors linked to sickness absence in front-line ambulance service staff by determining whether there was an association between work and daily (non-work-related) stress, coping styles, demographic variables (health conditions, overtime hours, length of time in service, shift pattern, age and sex) and sickness absence.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional design. An opportunity sampling method was utilised to recruit full-time clinical and management employees from a UK ambulance service to complete an online questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether and to what extent variation in sickness absence could be explained by the independent variables of interest listed.ResultsA total of 101 participants, including paramedics, team leaders and ambulance technicians, completed the questionnaire. Participants were aged 24 to 62 years (Mean [M]=45.29, Standard Deviation [SD]=9.97) with an average 13.8 years in the service (SD=9.67). Sickness absence rates ranged from 0 to 83.3% (M=8.92,SD=14.99). Work and daily stress, coping styles, overtime hours and the presence of a health condition accounted for 17.5% of the variance in sickness absence with adjustedR2=13.2%. Work and daily stress, coping styles, overtime hours and the presence of a health condition significantly predicted sickness absence,F(5, 95) =4.039,p=0.002. Those with a health condition were 9.46 times more likely, on average, to have a leave of sickness absence.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the presence of a health condition may affect sickness absence more than stress and coping styles. When designing interventions, it may be important to consider preventative measures that improve staff well-being and health status while also reducing sickness absence rates.
PP18 Ambulance attendance at diabetes or diabetes-related emergencies in care homes – cross sectional database study
Authors: Niroshan Siriwardena A , Law Graham , Smith Murray D , Iqbal Mohammad , Phung Viet-Hai , Spaight Anne , Brewster Amanda , Mountain Pauline , Spurr Keith , Ray Mo , Idris Iskandar , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundDiabetes, which affects over 1 in 5 nursing or care home residents, may lead to diabetes-related emergencies with ambulance call-outs and hospitalisation. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiology of diabetes-related emergencies in care home residents which involved an ambulance attendance.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional design to investigate emergency ambulance attendances to people in nursing and residential care homes presenting with diabetes-related emergencies across the East Midlands between January 2012 and December 2017. We used clinical and dispatch data from East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EMAS) and care home data from the Care Quality Commission, including call category, timing, location, place of residence, clinical or physiological status, treatments, outcome (conveyance) and costs in the analysis.ResultsOverall 219722 (6.7% of 3.3 million) attendances were to care home residents of which 12080 were for diabetes-related emergencies. Of 3152 care home patients categorised as having a ‘diabetic problem’ 1,957 (62.1%) were conveyed to hospital. This was not significantly different to the rate for other patients, taking into account other factors, despite access to trained staff in care homes. Statistically significant factors associated with conveyance included reduced consciousness level (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.95), elevated heart (1.01, 1.01–1.02) or respiratory rate (1.08, 1.06–1.10), no treatment for hypoglycaemia (0.54, 0.34–0.86) or additional co-morbid medical (but not psychiatric) problems. Cost to EMAS was significantly lower when a patient was conveyed, by some £18 (95% CI £11.94–£24.12), but this would not outweigh downstream NHS costs arising from hospital care. For the simulation in which all trusts mean NHS Reference Costs were used, conveyance was no longer significant in the cost model.ConclusionConveyance to hospital was common for care home patients with diabetes-related emergencies and more likely when conscious level was impaired, certain physiological measures abnormal or treatment for hypoglycaemia was not given.
PP30 Investigating the use and effect of a patient outcome feedback intervention (POFI) on ambulance staff
Authors: Brandling J , Kirby K , Allen K , Robinson M , Voss S 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundFeedback and audit are ways of reflecting upon professional practice (Ivers et al, 2012). Opportunities for feedback have been cited as one of the mechanisms which ambulance staff develop their decision-making skills and reflect on their practice (Ivers et al, 2014).MethodsA digital patient outcome feedback intervention (POFI) was designed and tested. POFI reported patient outcomes, clinical investigations and treatment after conveyance to hospital. A data sharing agreement between one hospital and ambulance service was secured. Ambulance staff were surveyed and interviewed regarding its desirability, impact and usability. Descriptive and thematic data analysis was performed.ResultsRespondents were enthusiastic about feedback, reflected in a good response rate to the first survey (N=186). This was not matched by high POFI usage or the second survey (N=28). This may be because it is not yet easily accessible or well known. Respondents indicated feedback is likely to improve decision-making confidence, enhance self-efficacy and patient safety. They felt it would contribute to learning through self-reflection, enhancing knowledge and skills and thus continue professional development. Feedback provides an opportunity to clear up mysteries and support wellbeing.ConclusionsFeedback is desirable, but requires a commitment by ambulance services and hospital sites to share data and then feedback system with staff. There are pockets of interest, nationally, in giving feedback to ambulance staff. This project is the only one known, using a digital mechanism. Other projects give personalised feedback through ‘post-boxes’ or other written requests. Further study could be carried out in collaboration with these similar projects. It is important to work out the best mechanism of sharing data, to suit information governance requirements, whilst also contributing to ambulance confidence, learning and wellbeing.
Studies of the resonance components in the $$B_s$$ decays into charmonia plus kaon pair
Authors: Rui Zhou , Li Ya , Li Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, the decays of $$B_s$$Bs meson to a charmonium state and a $$K^+K^-$$K+K- pair are carefully investigated in the perturbative QCD approach. Following the latest fit from the LHCb experiment, we restrict ourselves to the case where the produced $$K^+K^-$$K+K- pair interact in isospin zero S, P, and D wave resonances in the kinematically allowed mass window. Besides the dominant contributions of the $$\phi (1020)$$ϕ(1020) resonance in the P-wave and $$f_2'(1525)$$f2′(1525) in the D-wave, other resonant structures in the high mass region as well as the S-wave components are also included. The invariant mass spectra for most of the resonances in the $$B_s\rightarrow J/\psi K^+K^-$$Bs→J/ψK+K- decay are well reproduced. The obtained three-body decay branching ratios can reach the order of $$10^{-4}$$10-4, which seem to be accessible in the near future experiments. The associated polarization fractions of those vector-vector and vector-tensor modes are also predicted, which are compared with the existing data from the LHCb Collaboration.
Dynamics of Evolving Social Groups
Authors: Alon Noga , Feldman Michal , Mansour Yishay , Oren Sigal , Tennenholtz Moshe 
Published: September 2019

Exclusive social groups are ones in which the group members decide whether or not to admit a candidate to the group. Examples of exclusive social groups include academic departments and fraternal organizations. In this article, we introduce an analytic framework for studying the dynamics of exclusive social groups. In our model, every group member is characterized by his opinion, which is represented as a point on the real line. The group evolves in discrete time steps through a voting process carried out by the group’s members. Due to homophily, each member votes for the candidate who is more similar to him (i.e., closer to him on the line). An admission rule is then applied to determine which candidate, if any, is admitted. We consider several natural admission rules including majority and consensus.
We ask: How do different admission rules affect the composition of the group in the long run? We study both growing groups (where new members join old ones) and fixed-size groups (where new members replace those who quit). Our analysis reveals intriguing phenomena and phase transitions, some of which are quite counterintuitive.
Adaptive Protein Translation by the Integrated Stress Response Maintains the Proliferative and Migratory Capacity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Albert Alexandra E. , Adua Sally J. , Cai Wesley L. , Arnal-Estapé Anna , Cline Gary W. , Liu Zongzhi , Zhao Minghui , Cao Paul D. , Mariappan Malaiyalam , Nguyen Don X. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved pathway that is activated by cells that are exposed to stress. In lung adenocarcinoma, activation of the ATF4 branch of the ISR by certain oncogenic mutations has been linked to the regulation of amino acid metabolism. In the present study, we provide evidence for ATF4 activation across multiple stages and molecular subtypes of human lung adenocarcinoma. In response to extracellular amino acid limitation, lung adenocarcinoma cells with diverse genotypes commonly induce ATF4 in an eIF2α-dependent manner, which can be blocked pharmacologically using an ISR inhibitor. Although suppressing eIF2α or ATF4 can trigger different biological consequences, adaptive cell-cycle progression and cell migration are particularly sensitive to inhibition of the ISR. These phenotypes require the ATF4 target gene asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which maintains protein translation independently of the mTOR/PI3K pathway. Moreover, NRF2 protein levels and oxidative stress can be modulated by the ISR downstream of ASNS. Finally, we demonstrate that ASNS controls the biosynthesis of select proteins, including the cell-cycle regulator cyclin B1, which are associated with poor lung adenocarcinoma patient outcome. Our findings uncover new regulatory layers of the ISR pathway and its control of proteostasis in lung cancer cells.

Implications:
We reveal novel regulatory mechanisms by which the ISR controls selective protein translation and is required for cell-cycle progression and migration of lung cancer cells.
Hurricane Risk Communication: Visualization and Behavioral Science Concepts
Authors: Millet Barbara , Carter Andrew P. , Broad Kenneth , Cairo Alberto , Evans Scotney D. , Majumdar Sharanya J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, the risk assessment community has recognized the social and cultural aspects of vulnerability to hurricanes and other hazards that impact planning and public communication. How individuals and communities understand and react to natural hazard risk communications can be driven by a number of different cognitive, cultural, economic, and political factors. The social sciences have seen an increased focus over the last decade on studying hurricane understanding and responses from a social, cognitive, or decision science perspective, which, broadly defined, includes a number of disparate fields. This paper is a cross-disciplinary and critical review of those efforts as they are relevant to hurricane risk communication development. We focus on two areas that, on the basis of a comprehensive literature review and discussions with experts in the field, have received comparatively little attention from the hazards community: 1) research concerning visual communications and the way in which individuals process, understand, and make decisions regarding them and 2) the way in which vulnerable communities understand and interact with hurricane warning communications. We go on to suggest areas that merit increased research and draw lessons or guidance from the broader hazards/social science research realm that has implications for hurricane planning and risk communication, particularly the development and dissemination of hurricane forecast products.
Does Septorhinoplasty-Related Periorbital Edema Affect Intraocular Pressure and Retina?
Authors: Dikici Oğuzhan , Özmen Süay , Dikici Gülçin Kazaz , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Akkuzu Çağla Çapkur 
Published: September 2019

Background: Open rhinoplasty has been performed for over 50 years. Rhinoplasty procedures have a risk of complications and it is important to follow each step diligently in order to avoid complications. Periorbital edema is the most common complication of septorhinoplasty. As far as we are aware, there are no studies in the available literature examining the impact of the septorhinoplasty on intraocular pressure and the retina. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of septorhinoplasty-related periorbital edema on intraocular pressure and the retina by means of objective tests. Methods: Ten patients with phase 4 periorbital edema (5 males and 5 females) who underwent open rhinoplasty with bilateral lateral osteotomies were enrolled in the study. All the patients were examined by an eye specialist for visual acuity, intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell complex pathologies with optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively on the seventh day. Results: Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity; intraocular pressure; average, superior, and inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; and total, superior, and inferior ganglion cell complex thickness in both eyes for all patients were within normal limits. There was no statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative values ( P > .05). Conclusion: We concluded that periorbital edema after septorhinoplasty causes no significant complications affecting intraocular pressure and visual acuity. We believe that when osteotomies and local anesthetic injections are undertaken correctly, periorbital complications do not affect vision.
The prognostic value of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in advanced cancer survivors: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Han Susu , Huang Tao , Hou Fenggang , Yao Liting , Wang Xiyu , Wu Xing 
Published: September 2019

Background: Expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) has been observed, but their prognostic role in advanced cancers remains uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to establish the prognostic effect of HIFs and to better guide treatment planning for advanced cancers. Methods: Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed. The clinical outcomes included overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), relapse/recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in patients with advanced tumors according to multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 31 studies including 3453 cases who received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy were identified. Pooled analyses revealed that HIF-1α expression was correlated with worse OS (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001), DFS (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001), PFS (HR = 1.49, p = 0.01), CSS (HR = 1.65, p = 0.056), RFS (HR = 2.10, p = 0.015), or MFS (HR = 2.36, p = 0.002) in advanced cancers. HIF-1α expression was linked to shorter OS in the digestive tract, epithelial ovarian, breast, non-small cell lung, and clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Subgroup analysis by study region showed that HIF-1α expression was correlated with poor OS in Europeans and Asians, while an analysis by histologic subtypes found that HIF-1α expression was not associated with OS in squamous cell carcinoma. No relationship was found between HIF-2α expression and OS, DFS, PFS, or CSS. Conclusions: Targeting HIF-1α may be a useful therapeutic approach to improve survival for advanced cancer patients. Based on TSA, more randomized controlled trials are strongly suggested.