bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Co‐Culture of iPSC‐Derived Dopaminergic Neurons and Astrocytes
Authors: de Rus Jacquet Aurelie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐based models are powerful tools to study neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The differentiation of patient‐derived neurons and astrocytes allows investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease onset and development. In particular, these two cell types can be mono‐ or co‐cultured to study the influence of cell‐autonomous and non‐cell‐autonomous contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. We developed a streamlined procedure to produce high‐quality/high‐purity cultures of dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes that originate from the same population of midbrain floor‐plate progenitors. This unit describes differentiation, quality control, culture parameters, and troubleshooting tips to ensure the highest quality and reproducibility of research results. © 2019 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Differentiation of iPSCs into midbrain‐patterned neural progenitor cellsSupport Protocol: Quality control of neural progenitor cellsBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of neural progenitor cells into astrocytesBasic Protocol 3: Differentiation of neural progenitor cells into dopaminergic neuronsBasic Protocol 4: Co‐culture of iPSC‐derived neurons and astrocytes
Utilization of a rodent model to examine the neurological effects of early life adversity on adolescent pain sensitivity
Authors: Salberg Sabrina , Noel Melanie , Burke Nikita N. , Vinall Jillian , Mychasiuk Richelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll children experience pain, and although many recover quickly, some go on to develop chronic pain. Adolescent chronic pain is a growing epidemic. It is unknown why some adolescents recover without incident and others experience persistent pain. Although unexplored, early life adversity may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. This study investigated the effects and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of an early life stressor on nociceptive (pain) sensitivity and emotional function in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Using maternal separation (MS) as an established model of early life stress, we addressed two aims: investigation of the effects of MS on behavior (anxiety and pain sensitivity), and investigation of the effects of MS on mRNA and pathophysiological changes associated with an acutely painful stimulus. Our results indicate that MS increased anxiety‐like behavior and altered nociceptive responsivity in adolescent rats, with decreased mechanical withdrawal thresholds indicative of heightened and prolonged pain‐related behavior. The MS groups also demonstrated increased expression of genes involved in regulating the stress and fight‐or‐flight response, mood, and neuroplasticity; as well as increased levels of inflammatory markers. We conclude that nociception, both at the behavioral and molecular level, is altered in response to the MS stressor.
Body mass index cut‐off point associated with refeeding hypophosphatemia in adults with eating disorders
Authors: Yamazaki Tadahiro , Inada Shuji , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveRefeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a life‐threatening complication in underweight patients with eating disorders (EDs). Although a lower body mass index (BMI) has been reported as a risk factor for RH, the exact BMI cut‐off point is not known. Herein, we aimed to identify the optimal BMI cut‐off point for RH in adults with EDs.MethodThe medical charts of Japanese inpatients with EDs at our hospital between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The optimal BMI cut‐off point for RH was determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis. Logistic regression analysis was subsequently performed to assess the association between RH and the BMI cut‐off point after adjusting for the propensity score, which was based on known risk factors for RH.ResultsThe optimal BMI cut‐off point was identified as 12.6 kg/m2. A BMI lower than the cut‐off point significantly correlated with the occurrence of RH after adjusting for the propensity score.DiscussionThe optimal BMI cut‐off point for the occurrence of RH was 12.6 kg/m2 in adults with EDs. The findings of the present study may facilitate clinical decision making and early identification of patients who require prophylactic treatment for RH.
Microbiome responses during virulence adaptation by a phloem‐feeding insect to resistant near‐isogenic rice lines
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. , Srinivasan Thanga Suja , Crisol‐Martínez Eduardo , Almazan Maria Liberty P. , Ramal Angelee Fame , Oliva Ricardo , Quibod Ian L. , Bernal Carmencita C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe microbiomes of phloem‐feeding insects include functional bacteria and yeasts essential for herbivore survival and development. Changes in microbiome composition are implicated in virulence adaptation by herbivores to host plant species or host populations (including crop varieties). We examined patterns in adaptation by the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, to near‐isogenic rice lines (NILs) with one or two resistance genes and the recurrent parent T65, without resistance genes. Only the line with two resistance genes was effective in reducing leafhopper fitness. After 20 generations on the resistant line, selected leafhoppers attained similar survival, weight gain, and egg laying to leafhoppers that were continually reared on the susceptible recurrent parent, indicating that they had adapted to the resistant host. By sequencing the 16s rRNA gene, we described the microbiome of leafhoppers from colonies associated with five collection sites, and continually reared or switched between NILs. The microbiomes included 69–119 OTUs of which 44 occurred in ≥90% of samples. Of these, 14 OTUs were assigned to the obligate symbiont Candidatus sulcia clade. After 20 generations of selection, collection site had a greater effect than host plant on microbiome composition. Six bacteria genera, including C. sulcia, were associated with leafhopper virulence. However, there was significant within‐treatment, site‐related variability in the prevalence of these taxa such that the mechanisms underlying their association with virulence remain to be determined. Our results imply that these taxa are associated with leafhopper nutrition. Ours is the first study to describe microbiome diversity and composition in rice leafhoppers. We discuss our results in light of the multiple functions of herbivore microbiomes during virulence adaptation in insect herbivores.
Metal Carbide as A Light‐Harvesting and Anticoking Catalysis Support for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Takeda Kazu , Yamaguchi Akira , Cho Yohei , Anjaneyulu Oruganti , Fujita Takeshi , Abe Hideki , Miyauchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDry reforming of methane (DRM) is one of the most attractive chemical reactions, since it converts global‐warming gases into valuable syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Numerous previous studies used metal oxides catalysis supports, such as Al2O3, but their operating temperature was very high and severe coking occurred and deteriorated their catalytic activities. The present study reports that a metal carbide like tantalum carbide (TaC) acts as a multifunctional catalyst support for the DRM reaction, including light‐harvesting properties for saving energy operation as well as an anticoking property for long‐term stability. Nickel nanoparticles loaded on tantalum carbide (Ni/TaC) are prepared by impregnation and reductive hydrogen treatment. TaC particles act as a light‐harvesting support to promote the DRM reaction by photon irradiation through plasmonic photothermal energy conversion in TaC. Furthermore, Ni/TaC exhibits an excellent long‐term anticoking property, as compared to Ni loaded on conventional metal oxide supports such as Al2O3 or Ta2O5. According to the sole gas condition's experiment, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, the oxy‐carbide layer near the interface between TaC and Ni plays an essential role in imparting the efficient anticoking property of Ni/TaC.
Embracing study heterogeneity for finding genetic interactions in large‐scale research consortia
Authors: Liu Yulun , Huang Jing , Urbanowicz Ryan J. , Chen Kun , Manduchi Elisabetta , Greene Casey S. , Moore Jason H. , Scheet Paul , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetic interactions have been recognized as a potentially important contributor to the heritability of complex diseases. Nevertheless, due to small effect sizes and stringent multiple‐testing correction, identifying genetic interactions in complex diseases is particularly challenging. To address the above challenges, many genomic research initiatives collaborate to form large‐scale consortia and develop open access to enable sharing of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data. Despite the perceived benefits of data sharing from large consortia, a number of practical issues have arisen, such as privacy concerns on individual genomic information and heterogeneous data sources from distributed GWAS databases. In the context of large consortia, we demonstrate that the heterogeneously appearing marginal effects over distributed GWAS databases can offer new insights into genetic interactions for which conventional methods have had limited success. In this paper, we develop a novel two‐stage testing procedure, named phylogenY‐based effect‐size tests for interactions using first 2 moments (YETI2), to detect genetic interactions through both pooled marginal effects, in terms of averaging site‐specific marginal effects, and heterogeneity in marginal effects across sites, using a meta‐analytic framework. YETI2 can not only be applied to large consortia without shared personal information but also can be used to leverage underlying heterogeneity in marginal effects to prioritize potential genetic interactions. We investigate the performance of YETI2 through simulation studies and apply YETI2 to bladder cancer data from dbGaP.
Mitigation of NOx emission by monophenolic antioxidants blended in POME biodiesel blends
Authors: Ali Mohd Hafiz , Adam Abdullah , Yasin Mohd Hafizil Mat , Kamarulzaman Mohd Kamal , Othman Mohd Fahmi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiodiesel is among the solutions to substitute petroleum‐based fuel. However, the autoxidation ability of biodiesel, which results in degradation of the existing oxygen, has delayed its use on a global level. A potential solution to this problem is the addition of antioxidant additives. Palm oil methyl ester (POME) is the most popular biodiesel in Malaysia. Diesel 80% + POME 20% (B20) was added with two types of monophenolic antioxidant additives, which were butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole, at 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm concentrations, respectively, to examine their effects on combustion characteristics, engine performances and exhaust emissions. Hielscher UP400S ultrasonic emulsifier was used to prepare the fuel blends at 20% of the maximum stirring speed. Yanmar TF120M single‐cylinder diesel engine was employed at a constant speed of 1800 rpm with various engine loads. The results showed that B20 and antioxidant‐treated B20 produced a mean increase in brake specific fuel consumption of 8.33%–23.27% and reduced brake thermal efficiency by a mean that was 8.40%–24.95% greater than that of diesel fuel. Both antioxidants reduced nitrogen oxide emission by a mean of 12.92%–30.54%, compared to B20. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counteracting Globalization's Skeptics: How Diasporas Influence the Internationalization Preferences of Minority Entrepreneurs' Firms
Authors: Inouye Todd M. , Joshi Amol M. , Hemmatian Iman , Robinson Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe argue that the anti‐immigrant backlash sparked by globalization's skeptics isolates U.S. minority entrepreneurs as outsiders, which constrains their domestic business opportunities. In response, these entrepreneurs leverage their shared ethnic identities as insiders within diaspora networks to pursue international expansion opportunities focused on their countries or regions of origin. We hypothesize that diasporas imprint minority entrepreneurs with risk preferences that reduce their skepticism about globalization, while increasing their caution about overcommitting resources. Analyzing over 20,000 U.S. small businesses, we find evidence that minority entrepreneurs' firms prefer to leapfrog into markets, mitigate risks via contractual and bounded commitments, and target countries that are more ethnically and linguistically fractionalized. We extend internationalization process research with theory and evidence about how diasporas influence firm‐level strategic risk management decisions.Managerial SummaryIncreased skepticism about globalization is fueling an anti‐immigrant backlash in multi‐ethnic societies such as the U.S. This backlash may limit opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs from ethnic minority communities to expand domestically, potentially motivating them to expand internationally. We investigate diaspora networks as a source of competitive advantage for minority entrepreneurs' firms. We find evidence that diasporas positively influence minority entrepreneurs' risk perceptions and attitudes toward globalization, leading their firms to prefer internationalizing faster, committing earlier, and targeting more fragmented markets than other firms. Diasporas counteract skepticism about globalization. We recommend that managers utilize diasporas' access to resources, knowledge, and relationships to reduce their firms' risks of internationalizing and that policymakers tailor government trade promotion programs to leverage diasporas to reduce transaction costs and increase exports.
Social capital development through the stages of internationalization: Relations between British and Indian SMEs
Authors: Puthusserry Pushyarag , Child John , Khan Zaheer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryRelatively limited research has been conducted on the evolutionary development of social capital during the internationalization process of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We address this issue through a qualitative study of 30 pairs of British and Indian SMEs that have developed international business relations with each other. We provide frameworks that illustrate how microfoundations create, modify, or dissolve network structures to achieve the desired outcomes at different stages of social capital development and internationalization. We identify that entrepreneurial characteristics and intentions influence the development of social capital and internationalization. We suggest that the stages of social capital evolution tend to accompany discrete stages of internationalization, albeit with some exceptions due to the nature of the industrial sectors and actors' dispositions towards business exchange.Managerial SummarySMEs are rapidly internationalizing, competing, and even collaborating with large enterprises across the globe. Studies note that social capital plays an important role in the internationalization process of SMEs. We examine the evolution of social capital and internationalization process of SMEs, finding an association between the phases of social capital development and stages of internationalization, and a cumulative effect in social capital formation as the process of internationalization unfolds once initiated. Common ethnicity can help move the process forward, while the strengthening of social ties based on the accumulation of trust is also an important factor in this evolution. The characteristics and intentions of entrepreneurs influence the speed of social capital development, whereas the type of business and industry in question influences its form.
Neurophysiology of threat processing bias in combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: DeLaRosa Bambi L. , Spence Jeffrey S. , Didehbani Nyaz , Tillman Gail D. , Motes Michael A. , Bass Christina , Kraut Michael A. , Hart John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that may develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Combat exposure increases an individual's chance of developing PTSD, making veterans especially susceptible to the disorder. PTSD is characterized by dysregulated emotional networks, memory deficits, and a hyperattentive response to perceived threatening stimuli. Recently, there have been a number of imaging studies that show structural and functional abnormalities associated with PTSD; however, there have been few studies utilizing electroencephalography (EEG). The goal of this study was to characterize **EEG brain dynamics in individuals with PTSD, in order to better understand the neurophysiological underpinnings of some of the salient features of PTSD, such as threat‐processing bias. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom completed an implicit visual threat semantic memory recognition task with stimuli that varied on both category (animals, items, nature, and people) and feature (threatening and nonthreatening) membership, including trauma‐related stimuli. Combat veterans with PTSD had slower reaction times for the threatening stimuli relative to the combat veterans without PTSD (VETC). There were trauma‐specific effects in frontal regions, with theta band EEG power reductions for the threatening combat scenes in the PTSD patients compared to the VETC group. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was observed between trauma‐specific frontal theta power and hyperarousal symptoms as measured by clinically administered PTSD scale. These findings complement and extend current models of cortico‐limbic dysfunction in PTSD. The moderate negative correlation between frontal theta power and hyperarousal endorsements suggests the utility of these measures as therapeutic markers of symptomatology in PTSD patients.
Experimental investigation on pyramid solar still with single and double collector cover—Comparative study
Authors: Kumar S Arun , Mohan Kumar P Suresh , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Manokar A. Muthu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSun radiation is the heat energy source for solar still. That should be utilized maximum for increasing the evaporative rate at the top surface of the brine. The pyramid shape solar still (PSSS) can receive solar input radiation from all four directions. In this research, the top layer of conventional pyramid shape solar still (CPSSS) is covered with air‐packed cover and analysed the effect in the modified still after air packed in between the two glasses, finally, that result is compared with the CPSSS. The air inside the two glasses will be receiving maximum radiation and retain in it. It can be used as top side insulation and which can ensure the maximum insulation for heat energy inside the PSSS. The CPSSS and air‐packed pyramid shape solar still (APPSSS) were fabricated and experimented. The experiments were conducted at an ambient condition of the Chennai, Tamil Nadu (12.9416°N, 80.2362°E). The CPSSS gives good yield at evening when an increase in wind velocity. The APPSSS gives a lower performance as compared to the CPSSS due to the air‐packed cover.
A hermeneutic study of integrating psychotherapist competence in postnatal Child Health Care: Parents’ perspectives
Authors: Kornaros Katarina , Zwedberg Sofia , Nissen Eva , Salomonsson Björn 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTA child's emotional and social development depends on the parents’ provision of optimal support. Many parents with perinatal distress experience difficulties in mastering parenthood and seek help from professionals within primary healthcare. A clinical project was launched in Stockholm, where psychodynamic psychotherapists provided short‐term consultations at Child Health Centers. This study qualitatively explored parents’ experiences of perinatal distress and of receiving help by nurses and therapists in the project. Thirteen parents were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed with a hermeneutical method. Three main themes crystallized; accessibility of psychological help and detection of emotional problems; experiences of therapy at the Child Health Center; and the therapists’ technique. Parents were also clustered into three so‐called ideal types: the insecure; parents in crisis; and parents with lifelong psychological problems. Parents experienced obstacles in accessing psychological care within primary healthcare. Psychotherapists with a holistic family perspective and who managed to oscillate between insight‐promoting and supportive interventions were especially appreciated. Patient categories who benefitted from insight promotion and support, respectively, were identified.
Cognitively‐Based Compassion Training for parents reduces cortisol in infants and young children
Authors: Poehlmann‐Tynan Julie , Engbretson Ashleigh , Vigna Abra B. , Weymouth Lindsay A. , Burnson Cynthia , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn , Kapoor Amita , Gerstein Emily D. , Fanning Kerrie A. , Raison Charles L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis study tests a group‐based secular contemplative practice intervention, Cognitively‐Based Compassion Training (CBCT), with parents of young children. We report on a randomized controlled preliminary efficacy study. Certified teachers administered CBCT for 20 hr across 8 to 10 weeks in two cohorts of parents with infants and young children. The intervention group was compared to a waitlist control group. Thirty‐nine parents and their children, who ranged in age from 4 months to 5 years, were evaluated at pre‐ and postintervention (n = 25 intervention, n = 14 waitlist control) on hair cortisol concentration. Parents also completed self‐administered questionnaires at both time points regarding demographics, physical symptoms of stress, parenting stress, self‐compassion, and mindfulness. Children of parents in the CBCT group experienced significant decreases in cortisol at the postintervention assessment, as compared with the control group. However, parent cortisol and self‐report measures did not significantly change other than a small effect on clinical levels of parenting stress. CBCT may be a positive new way to intervene with parents to lower infants’ and young children's cumulative physiological stress.
Raloxifene alleviates amyloid‐β‐induced cytotoxicity in HT22 neuronal cells via inhibiting oligomeric and fibrillar species formation
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Wang Youqiao , Qin Wenjing , Chen Daoyuan , Feng Yanqiao , Su Hui , Shao Weiyan , Zhou Binhua , Bu Xianzhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRaloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, displays benefits for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention in postmenopausal women as hormonal changes during menopause have the potential to influence AD pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism of its neuroprotection is not entirely clear. In this study, the effects of raloxifene on amyloid‐β (Aβ) amyloidogenesis were evaluated. The results demonstrated that raloxifene inhibits Aβ42 aggregation and destabilizes preformed Aβ42 fibrils through directly interacting with the N‐terminus and middle domains of Aβ42 peptides. Consequently, raloxifene not only reduces direct toxicity of Aβ42 in HT22 neuronal cells, but also suppresses expressions of tumor necrosis factor‐α and transforming growth factor‐β induced by Aβ42 peptides, and then alleviates microglia‐mediated indirect toxicity of Aβ42 to HT22 neuronal cells. Our results suggested an alternative possible explanation for the neuroprotective activity of raloxifene in AD prevention.