bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Improvement in Running Time to Exhaustion at 100% VO2max in Recreationally Active Male Runners With a Preexercise Single-Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse
Authors: Rossato Luana T. , Fernandes Camila T.M. , Vieira Públio F. , de Branco Flávia M.S. , Nahas Paula C. , Puga Guilherme M. , de Oliveira Erick P. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been used as an ergogenic strategy due to its central effect; however, the effects of this intervention during short-duration high-intensity exercises are not fully understood. Purpose: To investigate the effect of CHO mouth rinse on time to exhaustion in a short-duration high-intensity exercise performed on a treadmill. Methods: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted with 10 (24.1 [4.3] y) recreationally active male runners. The protocol consisted of a warm-up at 65% of VO2max for 5 min followed by 3 min passive rest. At the end of this rest period, the individuals performed their mouth rinse either with CHO (maltodextrin, 6%) or with placebo (industrialized noncaloric juice with the same taste). Immediately after mouth rinse, the subjects ran at velocity equivalent to 100% of individual VO2max until voluntary exhaustion. The perceived effort was obtained through a Borg scale. Blood lactate was quantified before and after the protocol, and heart rate was evaluated during the protocol. Results: No difference was found (P = .90) in time to exhaustion between placebo (193.9 [46.5] s) and CHO mouth rinse (195.1 [51.8] s). Blood lactate, heart rate, and perception of effort increased in both groups, but with no differences (all variables, P > .05) between groups. Conclusion: The findings showed that a preexercise single-CHO mouth rinse was ineffective to improve running time to exhaustion at velocity equivalent to 100% VO2max on a treadmill in recreationally active male runners.
Treatment abandonment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in China: a retrospective cohort study of the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group
Authors: Cai Jiaoyang , Yu Jie , Zhu Xiaofan , Hu Shaoyan , Zhu Yiping , Jiang Hua , Li Chunfu , Fang Yongjun , Liang Changda , Ju Xiuli , Tian Xin , Zhai Xiaowen , Hao Jinjin , Hu Qun , Wang Ningling , Jiang Hui , Sun Lirong , Li Chi Kong , Pan Kaili , Yang Minghua , Shen Shuhong , Cheng Cheng , Ribeiro Raul C , Pui Ching-Hon , Tang Jingyan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesBefore 2003, most children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) abandoned treatment, with only approximately 30% treated in China. With the development of national insurance for underprivileged patients, we assessed the current frequency and causes of treatment abandonment among patients with ALL who were enrolled in the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group ALL protocol between 2015 and 2016.MethodsDemographic, clinical and laboratory data on patients who abandoned treatment, as well as economic and sociocultural data of their families were collected and analysed. General health-related statistics were retrieved from publicly accessible databanks maintained by the Chinese government.ResultsAt a median follow-up of 119 weeks, 83 (3.1%, 95% CI 2.5% to 3.8%) of the 2641 patients abandoned treatment. Factors independently associated with abandonment included standard/high-risk ALL (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.43 to 4.77), presence of minimal residual disease at the end of remission induction (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.90 to 6.74) and low-income economic region (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.89 to 7.05). According to the family members, economic constraints (50.6%, p=0.0001) were the main reason for treatment abandonment, followed by the belief of incurability, severe side effects and concern over late complications.ConclusionsThe rate of ALL treatment abandonment has been greatly reduced in China. Standard/high-risk ALL, residence in a low-income region and economic difficulties were associated with treatment abandonment.Clinical trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-14005706, pre-results.
Association of human antigen class I genes with cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in a Korean population
Authors: Jun Ikhyun , Rim John Hoon , Kim Mee Kum , Yoon Kyung-Chul , Joo Choun-Ki , Kinoshita Shigeru , Seo Kyoung Yul , Ueta Mayumi 
Published: January 2019

Background/aimsStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are a spectrum of diseases that cause an acute vesiculobullous reaction in the skin and mucous membranes. The occurrence of these diseases is associated with various drugs, a large proportion of which is comprised cold medicines (CM). We try to investigate the association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes and CM-related SJS/TEN (CM-SJS/TEN) with severe ocular complications (SOC) in the Korean population.MethodsThis multicentre case-control study enrolled 40 Korean patients with CM-SJS/TEN with SOC and 120 age-matched and sex-matched Korean healthy volunteers between January 2012 and May 2014. HLA genotyping was performed using PCR followed by hybridisation with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes.Results The carrier frequency and gene frequency of HLA-A*02:06 were 37.5 % and 20.0 %, respectively, in patients, and 16.7 % and 9.6 %, respectively, in controls (p=0.018). The carrier frequency of HLA-C*03:04 was 30 % in patients and 10.8 % in controls, and gene frequency of HLA-C*03:04 was 15 % in patients and 5.4 % in controls (p=0.003). The carrier frequency and gene frequency of HLA-C*03:03 were 2.5 % and 1.3 %, respectively, in patients, and 20 % and 10.4 %, respectively, in controls (p=0.006).Conclusions As per our results, we suggest that HLA-A*02:06 and HLA-C*03:04 might be positive markers for CM-SJS/TEN with SOC, and HLA-C*03:03 might be an indicator of protection against CM-SJS/TEN with SOC in the Korean population.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Honigberg Michael C , Givertz Michael M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, often dilated, cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction that presents in late pregnancy or, more commonly, the early postpartum period. Although the condition is prevalent worldwide, women with black ancestry seem to be at greatest risk, and the condition has a particularly high incidence in Nigeria and Haiti. Other risk factors include pre-eclampsia, advanced maternal age, and multiple gestation pregnancy. Although the complete pathophysiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy remains unclear, research over the past decade suggests the importance of vasculo-hormonal pathways in women with underlying susceptibility. At least some women with the condition harbor an underlying sarcomere gene mutation. More than half of affected women recover systolic function, although some are left with a chronic cardiomyopathy, and a minority requires mechanical support or cardiac transplantation (or both). Other potential complications include thromboembolism and arrhythmia. Currently, management entails standard treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, with attention to minimizing potential adverse effects on the fetus in women who are still pregnant. Bromocriptine is one potential disease specific treatment under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current literature on peripartum cardiomyopathy, as well as gaps in the understanding of this condition and future research directions.
Task shifting to improve the provision of integrated chronic care: realist evaluation of a lay health worker intervention in rural South Africa
Authors: Limbani Felix , Thorogood Margaret , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa , Goudge Jane 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionTask shifting is a potential solution to the shortage of healthcare personnel in low/middle-income countries, but contextual factors often dilute its effectiveness. We report on a task shifting intervention using lay health workers to support clinic staff in providing chronic disease care in rural South Africa, where the HIV epidemic and an ageing population have increased demand for care.MethodsWe conducted a realist evaluation in a cluster randomised controlled trial. We conducted observations in clinics, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and patient exit interviews, and wrote weekly diaries to collect data.ResultsAll clinic managers had to cope with an increasing but variable patient load and unplanned staff shortages, insufficient space, poorly functioning equipment and erratic supply of drugs. These conditions inevitably generated tension among staff. Lay health workers relieved the staff of some of their tasks and improved care for patients, but in some cases the presence of the lay health worker generated conflict with other staff. Where managers were able to respond to the changing circumstances, and to contain tension among staff, facilities were better able to meet patient needs. This required facility managers to be flexible, consultative and willing to act on suggestions, sometimes from junior staff and patients. While all facilities experienced an erratic supply of drugs and poorly maintained equipment, facilities where there was effective management, teamwork and sufficient space had better chronic care processes and a higher proportion of patients attending on their appointed day.ConclusionLay health workers can be valuable members of a clinic team, and an important resource for managing increasing patient demand in primary healthcare. Task shifting will only be effective if clinic managers respond to the constantly changing system and contain conflict between staff. Strengthening facility-level management and leadership skills is a priority.Trial registration numberISRCTN12128227.
Large care gaps in primary care management of asthma: a longitudinal practice audit
Authors: Price Courtney , Agarwal Gina , Chan David , Goel Sanjeev , Kaplan Alan G , Boulet Louis-Philippe , Mamdani Muhammad M , Straus Sharon E , Lebovic Gerald , Gupta Samir 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesCare gaps in asthma may be highly prevalent but are poorly characterised. We sought to prospectively measure adherence to key evidence-based adult asthma practices in primary care, and predictors of these behaviours.DesignOne-year prospective cohort study employing an electronic chart audit.SettingThree family health teams (two academic, one community-based) in Ontario, Canada.Participants884 patients (72.1% female; 46.0±17.5 years old) (4199 total visits; 4.8±4.8 visits/patient) assigned to 23 physicians (65% female; practising for 10.0±8.6 years).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of visits during which practitioners assessed asthma control according to symptom-based criteria. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of: patients who had asthma control assessed at least once; visits during which a controller medication was initiated or escalated; and patients who received a written asthma action plan. Behavioural predictors were established a priori and tested in a multivariable model.ResultsPrimary outcome: Providers assessed asthma control in 4.9% of visits and 15.4% of patients. Factors influencing assessment included clinic site (p=0.019) and presenting symptom, with providers assessing control more often during visits for asthma symptoms (35.0%) or any respiratory symptoms (18.8%) relative to other visits (1.6%) (p<0.01). Secondary outcomes: Providers escalated controller therapy in 3.3% of visits and 15.4% of patients. Factors influencing escalation included clinic site, presenting symptom and prior objective asthma diagnosis. Escalation occurred more frequently during visits for asthma symptoms (21.0%) or any respiratory symptoms (11.9%) relative to other visits (1.5%) (p<0.01) and in patients without a prior objective asthma diagnosis (3.5%) relative to those with (1.3%) (p=0.025). No asthma action plans were delivered.ConclusionsMajor gaps in evidence-based asthma practice exist in primary care. Targeted knowledge translation interventions are required to address these gaps, and can be tailored by leveraging the identified behavioural predictors.Trial registration numberNCT01070095; Pre-results.
Fatty liver disease and the risk of erosive oesophagitis in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Ja Sung , Kim Hee Man , Yang Yun-Jung , Lee Sangheun , Jeong Seok-Hoo , Han Ki Jun 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate an association between fatty liver disease (FLD) and erosive oesophagitis.Design and settingThis was a cross-sectional study of subjects selected from examinees who underwent health check-up, including oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in one hospital between 2004 and 2011. Erosive oesophagitis was classified according to the Los Angeles classification and FLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. The anthropometric and laboratory data of the subjects were analysed using χ2test and multivariate logistic regression. Additionally, we have analysed our data with two-stage least square estimation using the Baltagi-Chang one-way model to clarify unobserved confounding variable.Primary outcome measureThe effect of FLD on erosive oesophagitis.ResultsAmong the 14 723 eligible subjects, 4232 (28.7%) subjects diagnosed with FLD were classified into the fatty liver group and 10 491 (71.3%) subjects without FLD were classified into the non-fatty liver group. The incidence rate of erosive oesophagitis was significantly higher in the fatty liver group than in the non-fatty liver group (10.4%vs6.1%, p<0.0001). The multivariate analysis revealed that the fatty liver group was significantly associated with erosive oesophagitis (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37, p=0.016).ConclusionFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography is an independent risk factor of erosive oesophagitis. It suggests that FLD-related metabolic abnormality may be associated with erosive oesophagitis.
Prevalence and determinants of serological evidence of atrophic gastritis among Arab and Jewish residents of Jerusalem: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Muhsen Khitam , Sinnreich Ronit , Merom Dafna , Beer-Davidson Gany , Nassar Hisham , Cohen Dani , Kark Jeremy D 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveUnderstanding the correlates of premalignant gastric lesions is essential for gastric cancer prevention. We examined the prevalence and correlates of serological evidence of atrophic gastritis, a premalignant gastric condition, using serum pepsinogens (PGs) in two populations with differing trends in gastric cancer incidence.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, using ELISA we measured serum PGI and PGII concentrations (Biohit, Finland),Helicobacter pyloriserum IgG and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antigen IgG antibodies in archived sera of 692 Jews and 952 Arabs aged 25–78 years, randomly selected from Israel’s population registry in age–sex and population strata. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsUsing cut-offs of PGI <30µg/L  or PGI:PGII <3.0, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis was higher among Arab than Jewish participants: 8.8% (95% CIs 7.2% to 10.8%) vs 5.9% (95% CI 4.4% to 7.9%), increasing with age in both groups (p<0.001 for trend). Among Jewish participants, infection withH. pyloriCagA phenotype was positively related to atrophic gastritis: adjusted OR (aOR) 2.16 (95% CI 0.94 to 4.97), but not to non-CagA infections aOR 1.17 (95% CI 0.53 to 2.55). The opposite was found among Arabs: aOR 0.09 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24) for CagA positive and aOR 0.15 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.41) for Cag A negative phenotypes (p<0.001 for interaction). Women had a higher atrophic gastritis prevalence than men. Obesity and smoking were not significantly related to atrophic gastritis; physical activity tended to be inversely associated in Arabs (p=0.08 for interaction).ConclusionsThe prevalence of atrophic gastritis was higher among Arabs than Jews and was differently associated with the CagA phenotype.
Changes in vulnerability among older patients with cardiovascular disease in the first 90 days after hospital discharge: A secondary analysis of a cohort study
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Dietrich Mary S , Bell Susan P , Maxwell Cathy A , Simmons Sandra F , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: January 2019

Objectives(1) To compare changes in vulnerability after hospital discharge among older patients with cardiovascular disease who were discharged home with self-care versus a home healthcare (HHC) referral and (2) to examine factors associated with changes in vulnerability in this period.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data from a cohort study.Participants and setting834 older (≥65 years) patients hospitalised for acute coronary syndromes and/or acute decompensated heart failure who were discharged home with self-care (n=713) or an HHC referral (n=121).OutcomeVulnerability was measured using Vulnerable Elders Survey 13 (VES-13) at baseline (prior to hospital admission) and 30 days and/or 90 days after hospital discharge. Effects of HHC referral on postdischarge change in vulnerability were examined using three linear regression approaches, with potential confounding on HHC referral adjusted by propensity score matching.ResultsOverall, 44.4% of the participants were vulnerable at prehospitalisation baseline and 34.4% were vulnerable at 90 days after hospital discharge. Compared with self-care patients, HHC-referred patients were more vulnerable at baseline (66.9% vs 40.3%), had more increase (worsening) in VES-13 score change (B=−1.34(–2.07, –0.61), p<0.001) in the initial 30 days and more decrease (improvement) in VES-13 score change (B=0.83(0.20, 1.45), p=0.01) from 30 to 90 days after hospital discharge. Baseline vulnerability and the HHC referral attributed to 14%–16% of the variance in vulnerability change during the 90 postdischarge days, and 6% was attributed by patient age, race (African-American), depressive symptoms, and outpatient visits and hospitalisations in the past year.ConclusionAfter adjusting for preceding vulnerability and covariates, older hospitalised patients with cardiovascular disease referred to HHC had delayed recovery in vulnerability in first initial 30 days after hospital discharge and greater improvement in vulnerability from 30 to 90 days after hospital discharge. HHC seemed to facilitate improvement in vulnerability among older patients with cardiovascular disease from 30 to 90 days after hospital discharge.
Short email with attachment versus long email without attachment when contacting authors to request unpublished data for a systematic review: a nested randomised trial
Authors: Godolphin Peter J , Bath Philip M , Montgomery Alan A 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveSystematic reviews often rely on the acquisition of unpublished analyses or data. We carried out a nested randomised trial comparing two different approaches for contacting authors to request additional data for a systematic review.ParticipantsParticipants were authors of published reports of prevention or treatment trials in stroke in which there was central adjudication of events. A primary and secondary research active author were selected as contacts for each trial.InterventionsAuthors were randomised to be sent either a short email with a protocol of the systematic review attached (‘Short’) or a longer email that contained detailed information and without the protocol attached (‘Long’). A maximum of two emails were sent to each author to obtain a response. The unit of analysis was trial, accounting for clustering by author.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was whether a response was received from authors. Secondary outcomes included time to response, number of reminders needed before a response was received and whether authors agreed to collaborate.Results88 trials with 76 primary authors were identified in the systematic review, and of these, 36 authors were randomised to Short (trials=45) and 40 to Long (trials=43). Responses were received for 69 trials. There was no evidence of a difference in response rate between trial arms (Short vs Long, OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.36 to 3.33). There was no evidence of a difference in time to response between trial arms (Short vs Long, HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.51). In total, 27% of authors responded within a day and 22% of authors never responded.ConclusionsThere was no evidence to suggest that email format had an impact on the number of responses received when acquiring data for a systematic review involving stroke trials or the time taken to receive these responses.
Evaluating the impact of global fund withdrawal on needle and syringe provision, cost and use among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico: a costing analysis
Authors: Cepeda Javier A , Burgos Jose Luis , Kahn James G , Padilla Rosario , Meza Martinez Pedro Emilio , Segovia Luis Alberto , Gaines Tommi , Abramovitz Daniela , Rangel Gudelia , Magis-Rodriguez Carlos , Vickerman Peter , Strathdee Steffanie A , Martin Natasha K 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveFrom 2011 to 2013, the Global Fund (GF) supported needle and syringe programmes in Mexico to prevent transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs. It remains unclear how GF withdrawal affected the costs, quality and coverage of needle and syringe programme provision.DesignCosting study and longitudinal cohort study.SettingTijuana, Mexico.ParticipantsPersonnel from a local needle and syringe programme (n=6) and people who inject drugs (n=734) participating in a longitudinal study.Primary outcome measuresProvision of needle and syringe programme services and cost (per contact and per syringe distributed, in 2017 $USD) during GF support (2012) and after withdrawal (2015/16). An additional outcome included needle and syringe programme utilisation from a concurrent cohort of people who inject drugs during and after GF withdrawal.ResultsDuring the GF period, the needle and syringe programme distributed 55 920 syringes to 932 contacts (60 syringes/contact) across 14 geographical locations. After GF withdrew, the needle and syringe programme distributed 10 700 syringes to 2140 contacts (five syringes/contact) across three geographical locations. During the GF period, the cost per harm reduction contact was approximately 10-fold higher compared with after GF ($44.72 vs $3.81); however, the cost per syringe distributed was nearly equal ($0.75 vs $0.76) due to differences in syringes per contact and reductions in ancillary kit components. The mean log odds of accessing a needle and syringe programme in the post-GF period was significantly lower than during the GF period (p=0.02).ConclusionsWithdrawal of GF support for needle and syringe programme provision in Mexico was associated with a substantial drop in provision of sterile syringes, geographical coverage and recent clean syringe utilisation among people who inject drugs. Better planning is required to ensure harm reduction programme sustainability is at scale after donor withdrawal.