bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest resilience to drought varies across biomes
Authors: Gazol Antonio , Camarero Jesus Julio , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Sánchez‐Salguero Raúl , Gutiérrez Emilia , de Luis Martin , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Novak Klemen , Rozas Vicente , Tíscar Pedro A. , Linares Juan C. , Martín‐Hernández Natalia , Martínez del Castillo Edurne , Ribas Montse , García‐González Ignacio , Silla Fernando , Camisón Alvaro , Génova Mar , Olano José M. , Longares Luis A. , Hevia Andrea , Tomás‐Burguera Miquel , Galván J. Diego 
Published: February 2018

AbstractForecasted increase drought frequency and severity may drive worldwide declines in forest productivity. Species‐level responses to a drier world are likely to be influenced by their functional traits. Here, we analyse forest resilience to drought using an extensive network of tree‐ring width data and satellite imagery. We compiled proxies of forest growth and productivity (TRWi, absolutely dated ring‐width indices; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for 11 tree species and 502 forests in Spain corresponding to Mediterranean, temperate, and continental biomes. Four different components of forest resilience to drought were calculated based on TRWi and NDVI data before, during, and after four major droughts (1986, 1994–1995, 1999, and 2005), and pointed out that TRWi data were more sensitive metrics of forest resilience to drought than NDVI data. Resilience was related to both drought severity and forest composition. Evergreen gymnosperms dominating semi‐arid Mediterranean forests showed the lowest resistance to drought, but higher recovery than deciduous angiosperms dominating humid temperate forests. Moreover, semi‐arid gymnosperm forests presented a negative temporal trend in the resistance to drought, but this pattern was absent in continental and temperate forests. Although gymnosperms in dry Mediterranean forests showed a faster recovery after drought, their recovery potential could be constrained if droughts become more frequent. Conversely, angiosperms and gymnosperms inhabiting temperate and continental sites might have problems to recover after more intense droughts since they resist drought but are less able to recover afterwards.
Prospects for research in haemophilia with real‐world data—An analysis of German registry and secondary data
Authors: Schopohl D. , Bidlingmaier C. , Herzig D. , Klamroth R. , Kurnik K. , Rublee D. , Schramm W. , Schwarzkopf L. , Berger K. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction and aimOpen questions in haemophilia, such as effectiveness of innovative therapies, clinical and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), epidemiology and cost, await answers. The aim was to identify data attributes required and investigate the availability, appropriateness and accessibility of real‐world data (RWD) from German registries and secondary databases to answer the aforementioned questions.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in BIOSIS, EMBASE and MEDLINE to identify non‐commercial secondary healthcare databases and registries of patients with haemophilia (PWH). Inclusion of German patients, type of patients, data elements—stratified by use in epidemiology, safety, outcomes and health economics research—and accessibility were investigated by desk research.ResultsScreening of 676 hits, identification of four registries [national PWH (DHR), national/international paediatric (GEPARD, PEDNET), international safety monitoring (EUHASS)] and seven national secondary databases. Access was limited to participants in three registries and to employees in one secondary database. One registry asks for PROs. Limitations of secondary databases originate from the ICD‐coding system (missing: severity of haemophilia, presence of inhibitory antibodies), data protection laws and need to monitor reliability.ConclusionRigorous observational analysis of German haemophilia RWD shows that there is potential to supplement current knowledge and begin to address selected policy goals. To improve the value of existing RWD, the following efforts are proposed: ethical, legal and methodological discussions on data linkage across different sources, formulation of transparent governance rules for data access, redefinition of the ICD‐coding, standardized collection of outcome data and implementation of incentives for treatment centres to improve data collection.
Evaluation of chromogenic factor IX assays by automated protocols
Authors: Kershaw G. W. , Dissanayake K. , Chen V. M. , Khoo T.‐L. 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionChromogenic substrate assays (CSA) to measure Factor IX (FIX) have recently become commercially available. However, information on their performance characteristics and use in diagnostic haemostasis laboratories remains limited.AimTo evaluate the Hyphen Biomed (Hyphen) and Rossix FIX CSAs on fully automated coagulation analysers and compare them to the FIX one‐stage assay (OSA). This study was conducted in a tertiary referral haemostasis laboratory associated with a haemophilia treatment centre.MethodsAutomated CSA protocols were adapted to the Sysmex CS2500 (CS2500) and Diagnostica Stago STA‐R (STA‐R) analysers. Samples assayed were from healthy volunteers, haemophilia B patients and FIX deficient plasma spiked with either plasma derived, recombinant or extended half‐life FIX products.ResultsReference intervals for Hyphen and Rossix assays were 73 IU/dL to 164 IU/dL and 73 IU/dL to 168 IU/dL, respectively, on the CS2500 analyser; and 84 IU/dL to 165 IU/dL for the Rossix assay on the STA‐R. Repeatability across all method/analyser combinations resulted in CVs ranging from 0.8% to 5.4%. Between run reproducibility gave CVs <6.7% for all method/analyser combinations. In spiked samples, FIX recoveries were mostly within an acceptable limit of 100 ± 25% for BeneFIX®, Rixubis® and Alprolix® with some differences between CSAs.ConclusionBoth commercial factor FIX CSA kits can be adapted for Stago and Sysmex automated coagulation analysers. Reagent cost and workflow practices will need to be considered. These assays are potentially more consistent than OSA in measurement of replacement FIX products in haemophilia B patients.
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma: MDM2 and H3K27me3 analysis of 19 cases suggest disease heterogeneity
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Sekimizu Masaya , Kubo Takashi , Wakai Susumu , Watanabe Shun‐ichi , Kato Tomoyasu , Kinoshita Takayuki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Fukayama Masashi , Kawai Akira , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Yoshida Akihiko 
Published: February 2018

AimsExtraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a sarcoma in the non‐skeletal tissue that directly produces neoplastic osteoid or bone. De‐differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) are the two most common types of sarcoma that can harbour heterologous osteosarcomatous differentiation. We aimed to determine the potential relationship of ESOS to DDLPS and MPNST.Methods and resultsWe investigated MDM2 and H3K27me3 status in 19 cases of ESOS, two of which contained a low‐grade component. The ESOS affected deep soft tissues (n = 10), superficial soft tissues (n = 3) and organs (n = 6). Among 10 deep soft‐tissue ESOS, six showed MDM2 amplification, four of which also harboured CDK4 co‐amplification. Both ESOS with a low‐grade component showed co‐amplification for MDM2 and CDK4. Among the six organ‐based ESOS three giant cell‐rich ESOS showed an H3K27me3 deficiency (one in primary and two in metastatic sites). Using targeted next generation sequencing, an H3K27me3‐deficient ESOS showed EED homozygous deletion, while none of the three showed alterations in NF1, CDKN2A or SUZ12 genes. During median follow‐up of 20 months, all six patients with MDM2‐amplified ESOS lived for 3–103 months, while two of the three patients with H3K27me3‐deficient ESOS died from this disease in 4 and 20 months, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrate that ESOS may include at least two small subsets: an MDM2‐amplified deep soft‐tissue ESOS (which may be related to DDLPS) and an H3K27me3‐deficient organ‐based ESOS (which is probably unrelated to MPNST). Larger studies are required to validate the present observations and investigate the clinical implications of such subcategorisation.
UNIVERSALISM AND THE VALUE OF POLITICAL POWER
Authors: Koh Yumi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough legislatures typically use majority rule to allocate a budget in distributive legislation, unanimous consent over the broad allocation of benefits is pervasive. I develop a game‐theoretic model where members strategically interact in a universal coalition to determine allocations, with noncooperative bargaining as a threat point for the breakdown of cooperation. To quantify the effects of political power on the agreed‐upon allocation, I structurally estimate the model using the “Bridge Bill Capital Budget” in 1992. I find that 16.73% of the budget would be allocated differently if allocations were determined only based on actual needs.
SurvivingICU: Stories of recovery
Authors: Ewens Beverley A. , Hendricks Joyce M. , Sundin Deborah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate stories of recovery through the lens of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.BackgroundSurvival from ICUs is increasing, as are associated physical and psychological complications. Despite the significant impact on survivors, there is inadequate support provision in Australia and world‐wide for this population.DesignAn interpretive biographical approach of intensive care survivors’ experiences of recovery.MethodsData were collected during 2014–2015 from diaries, face to face interviews, memos and field notes. Six participants diarized for 3 months commencing 2 months after hospital discharge. At 5 months, participants were interviewed about the content of their diaries and symbols and signifiers in them to create a shared meaning. Analysis of diaries and interviews were undertaken using two frameworks to identify themes throughout participants’ stories and provides a unique portrait of recovery through their individual lens.FindingsParticipants considered their lives had irreparably changed and yet felt unsupported by a healthcare system that had “saved” them. This view through their lens identified turmoil, which existed between their surface and inner worlds as they struggled to conform to what recovery “should be”.ConclusionThe novel biographical methods provided a safe and creative way to reveal survivors’ inner thoughts and feelings. Participants’ considered creating their stories supported their recovery process and in particular enabled them to reflect on their progress. Findings from this study may lead to increased awareness among health care providers about problems survivors face and improved support services more broadly, based on frameworks appropriate for this population.
On the role of outside options in wage renegotiation
Authors: Chen Fengjiao , Ko Chiu Yu , Li Duozhe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study a game‐theoretic model of wage renegotiation. A worker, after receiving a superior outside offer, initiates a wage renegotiation with his current employer. During the renegotiation, whenever a proposal is rejected, the worker decides whether to opt out. When the two parties are sufficiently patient, any wage level between the outside offer and the entire net surplus can be sustained in equilibrium. Opting out may also arise in equilibrium. This result is in stark contrast to existing studies, in which the outside option is sometimes a credible threat, but is never exercised in equilibrium.
Impact of product name and seasonal context on the sensory evaluation of a seasonally themed beverage
Authors: Morris Cecile 
Published: February 2018

Information can have a powerful impact on liking, however, little is known about the effect of product name on consumer perception. Moreover, the influence of season, as a sensory‐relevant context, has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naming products with season evoking names and to compare responses between seasons. One hundred fifty‐three consumers took part in either a summer (n = 71) or winter (n = 82) tasting of a drink named “Winter Spice” or “refreshing summer berries.” Within each campaign, a cross‐over design was applied and participants rated the drink for liking and sensory characteristics (check‐all‐that‐apply). Neither the name nor the season had an impact on liking; however, both factors affected attribute description. The drink was described significantly more often as “spice,” “Christmassy,” and “mulled wine” when named “winter spice,” it was described more often as “blackcurrant” and “cherry” during the winter months.Practical applicationsIt appears possible to use product names to deliver different sensorial experiences without impacting negatively on liking providing that the names reflect adequately the product intrinsic qualities. Seasons appear to be a sensory‐relevant context, developing a greater understanding of the underpinning mechanisms is critical product development and marketing.
Raiffa Transformed the Field of Negotiation–and Me
Authors: Bazerman Max 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHoward Raiffa was a role model, friend, and inspiration. He transformed the field of negotiation, and he transformed my career. This brief article provides a recollection of how Howard revolutionized the field of negotiation, and how those insights are now affecting broader areas of the of the social science. Howard received the 1999 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association for Conflict Management.
Morphological changes in hair melanosomes by aging
Authors: Itou Takashi 
Published: February 2018

SummaryVarious changes appear in hair by aging, and graying is the most remarkable one. Changes in melanocytes have been well studied as the cause; however, little is known about the change in melanosomes which have a role of carrying melanin pigments into hair shafts. Using pigmented hairs of Japanese females from their age of 4–75, I isolated melanosomes and observed them. As a result, I found a significant change in the morphology of hair melanosomes with age. They were ellipsoidal on the whole and there was no age dependence in the major axis, while the minor axis significantly increased and its frequency distribution broadened with age. The anticipated volume of the melanosome of the oldest person hairs was about twice larger than that of child hairs. This enlargement of melanosome seems to be a cause of the age‐related color change in pigmented hairs from brown to black.
Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020)
Authors: Arribas Antonio , Mizuta Toshio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere are no known porphyry copper deposits in Japan. Attempts were made in the past to explain this paradox as the Japanese islands sit above a subduction zone of the type widely accepted to give rise to porphyry‐type deposits within subvolcanic magmatic–hydrothermal systems. Is it possible that porphyry copper systems are incompatible with the volcanoplutonic setting of the Japanese islands? In other words, is the established model for the genesis of porphyry copper systems not completely correct, or is it that the elusive Japanese porphyry deposit has not yet been found? We argue that, until proven otherwise, the answer lies in the latter option.In this article, we focus on Akita Prefecture and the surrounding areas and consider the potential for the existence of porphyry copper deposits mainly from an empirical and practical point of view, in contrast with the obviously important petrogenetic and/or tectonic perspectives. We argue that this region is representative of the Tōhoku province of northern Honshu and that it serves as a proxy for Japan in general. Akita is rich in mineralization styles and deposits, including two main magmatic‐hydrothermal deposit types of Neogene age: (i) middle Miocene submarine stratiform volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Kuroko) and (ii) late Miocene to Pleistocene Ag–Au‐bearing polymetallic epithermal/subepithermal veins. In particular the Au–Ag‐bearing polymetallic veins, which are comparable to intermediate‐sulfidation epithermal deposits commonly associated with porphyry copper systems, were discovered and mined for several centuries before the first Kuroko deposits were found in the late 1800s. Osarizawa, the last active vein mine, closed in 1978. Kuroko deposits, the main source of metal production in Akita in the 20th century, had peak of production in the 1970s, followed by a rapid decline during the 1980s and complete cessation of all mining by 1995. Not surprisingly, the end of mining in Akita, combined with a series of strategic decisions made by the Government and the Japanese metal mining industry, coincided with a cessation of mineral exploration, both in Akita and throughout Japan, with the exception of VMS deposits offshore and limited exploration for bonanza‐grade, low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposits in Hokkaido. Our analysis of post‐1945 regional exploration in northern Tōhoku indicates that Kuroko deposits were by far the dominant target and that the number of drill holes in the 1990s accounted for less than 4% of the total completed from the early 1960s to 1995. These data indicate that essentially no mineral exploration has been conducted in Tōhoku for Au–Ag‐bearing polymetallic vein deposits during the past 30+ years. We conclude that exploration stopped too early and certainly before it could have benefited from the significant applicable metallogenic and technological breakthroughs of the last few decades.
Spread of Plasmid-Encoded NDM-1 and GES-5 Carbapenemases among Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Clinical Enterobacteriaceae in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Pedersen Torunn , Sekyere John Osei , Govinden Usha , Moodley Krishnee , Sivertsen Audun , Samuelsen Ørjan , Essack Sabiha Yusuf , Sundsfjord Arnfinn 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequence analyses revealed the presence of
bla
NDM-1
(
n
= 31),
bla
GES-5
(
n
= 8),
bla
OXA-232
(
n
= 1), or
bla
NDM-5
(
n
= 1) in extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
organisms isolated from in-patients in 10 private hospitals (2012 to 2013) in Durban, South Africa. Two novel NDM-1-encoding plasmids from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
were circularized by PacBio sequencing. In p19-10_01 [IncFIB(K); 223.434 bp],
bla
NDM-1
was part of a Tn
1548
-like structure (16.276 bp) delineated by IS
26
. The multireplicon plasmid p18-43_01 [IncR_1/IncFIB(pB171)/IncFII(Yp); 212.326 bp] shared an 80-kb region with p19-10_01, not including the
bla
NDM-1
-containing region. The two plasmids were used as references for tracing NDM-1-encoding plasmids in the other genome assemblies. The p19-10_01 sequence was detected in
K. pneumoniae
(
n
= 7) only, whereas p18-43_01 was tracked to
K. pneumoniae
(
n
= 4),
Klebsiella michiganensis
(
n
= 1),
Serratia marcescens
(
n
= 11),
Enterobacter
spp. (
n
= 7), and
Citrobacter freundii
(
n
= 1), revealing horizontal spread of this
bla
NDM-1
-bearing plasmid structure. Global phylogeny showed clustering of the
K. pneumoniae
(18/20) isolates together with closely related carbapenemase-negative ST101 isolates from other geographical origins. The South African isolates were divided into three phylogenetic subbranches, where each group had distinct resistance and replicon profiles, carrying either p19-10_01, p18-10_01, or pCHE-A1 (8,201 bp). The latter plasmid carried
bla
GES-5
and
aacA4
within an integron mobilization unit. Our findings imply independent plasmid acquisition followed by local dissemination. Additionally, we detected
bla
OXA-232
carried by pPKPN4 in
K. pneumoniae
(ST14) and
bla
NDM-5
contained by a pNDM-MGR194-like genetic structure in
Escherichia coli
(ST167), adding even more complexity to the multilayer molecular mechanisms behind nosocomial spread of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
in Durban, South Africa.
Plant Homeodomain Genes Play Important Roles in Cryptococcal Yeast-Hypha Transition
Authors: Meng Yunfang , Fan Yumeng , Liao Wanqing , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen. Like many dimorphic fungal pathogens,
C. neoformans
can undergo morphological transition from the yeast form to the hypha form, and its morphotype is tightly linked to its virulence. Although some genetic factors controlling morphogenesis have been identified, little is known about the epigenetic regulation in this process. Proteins with the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a structurally conserved domain in eukaryotes, were first identified in plants and are known to be involved in reading and effecting chromatin modification. Here, we investigated the role of the PHD finger family genes in
Cryptococcus
mating and yeast-hypha transition. We found 16 PHD finger domains distributed among 15 genes in the
Cryptococcus
genome, with two genes,
ZNF1
α and
RUM1
α, located in the mating type locus. We deleted these 15 PHD genes and examined the impact of their disruption on cryptococcal morphogenesis. The deletion of five PHD finger genes dramatically affected filamentation. The
rum1
αΔ and
znf1
αΔ mutants showed enhanced ability to initiate filamentation but impaired ability to maintain filamentous growth. The
bye1
Δ and the
phd11
Δ mutants exhibited enhanced filamentation, while the
set302
Δ mutants displayed reduced filamentation. Ectopic overexpression of these five genes in the corresponding null mutants partially or completely restored the defect in filamentation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Phd11, a suppressor of filamentation, regulates the yeast-hypha transition through the known master regulator Znf2. The findings indicate the importance of epigenetic regulation in controlling dimorphic transition in
C. neoformans
.

IMPORTANCE
Morphotype is known to have a profound impact on cryptococcal interaction with various hosts, including mammalian hosts. The yeast form of
Cryptococcus neoformans
is considered the virulent form, while its hyphal form is attenuated in mammalian models of cryptococcosis. Although some genetic regulators critical for cryptococcal morphogenesis have been identified, little is known about epigenetic regulation in this process. Given that plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are involved in reading and effecting chromatin modification and their functions are unexplored in
C. neoformans
, we investigated the roles of the 15 PHD finger genes in
Cryptococcus
mating and yeast-hypha transition. Five of them profoundly affect filamentation as either a suppressor or an activator. Phd11, a suppressor of filamentation, regulates this process via Znf2, a known master regulator of morphogenesis. Thus, epigenetic regulation, coupled with genetic regulation, controls this yeast-hypha transition event.