bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recalling the firedog: Individual differences in associative memory for unitized and nonunitized associations among older adults
Authors: Sadeh Talya , Dang Christa , Gat‐Lazer Sigal , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMemory deficits in aging are characterized by impaired hippocampus‐mediated relational binding—the formation of links between items in memory. By reducing reliance on relational binding, unitization of two items into one concept enhances associative recognition among older adults. Can a similar enhancement be obtained when probing memory with recall? This question has yet to be examined, because recall has been assumed to rely predominantly on relational binding. Inspired by recent evidence challenging this assumption, we investigated individual differences in older adults' recall of unitized and nonunitized associations. Compared with successfully aging individuals, older adults with mild memory deficits, typically mediated by the hippocampus, were impaired in recall of paired‐associates in a task which relies on relational binding (study: “PLAY–TUNNEL”; test: PLAY–T?). In stark contrast, the two groups showed similar performance when items were unitized into a novel compound word (study: “LOVEGIGGLE”; test: LOVEG?). Thus, boosting nonrelational aspects of recall enhances associative memory among aging individuals with subtle memory impairments to comparable levels as successfully aging older adults.
Genetic alteration patterns and clinical outcomes of elderly and secondary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Shi‐Yang , Cheng Wen‐Yan , Mao Yuan‐Fei , Zhu Yong‐Mei , Liu Fu‐Jia , Ma Ting‐Ting , Shen Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo illustrate the clinical and genetic features of elderly and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, we compared 145 elderly AML (e‐AML) and 55 secondary AML (s‐AML) patients with 451 young de novo AML patients. Both e‐AML and s‐AML patients showed lower white blood cell (WBC) and bone marrow (BM) blasts at diagnosis. NPM1, DNMT3A, and IDH2 mutations were more common while biallelic CEBPA and IDH1 mutations were less seen in e‐AML patients. s‐AML patients carried a higher frequency of KMT2A‐AF9. In treatment response and survival, e/s‐AML conferred a lower complete remission (CR) rate and shorter duration of event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with young patients. In multivariate analysis, s‐AML was an independent risk factor for OS but not EFS in the whole cohort. Importantly, intensive therapy tended to improve the survival of e/s‐AML patients without increasing the risk of early death, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could rescue the prognosis of s‐AML, which should be recommended for the treatment of fit patients.
Improving mental healthcare for the elderly in Belgium
Authors: Adriaenssens Jef , Benahmed Nadia , Ricour Céline 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntroductionThe organisation of mental healthcare for the elderly (MHCE) remains suboptimal.ObjectiveTo identify specific organisational models that could address the mental healthcare needs of the elderly in community and primary care.MethodA multi‐modal approach, consisting of a literature review, an online survey of Belgian professional stakeholders, and an international comparison. The outcomes of this three‐step study process were aggregated.ResultsTwo general and four operational strategies for organising MHCE were identified as well as barriers and incentives to MHCE in the community and primary care. About half of survey respondents perceived the current MHCE in Belgium not to meet quality criteria as described in the literature and proposed points of improvement. The transversal international comparison revealed interesting approaches for MHCE. Recommendations for the future were formulated.ConclusionMHCE requires a specific, low‐threshold, holistic, and transdisciplinary approach. Specific strategies with emphasis on collaborative care should be applied to meet the needs of older adults with mental problems. General practitioners (GPs) can play a central role in community‐oriented MHCE but should be supported by specialised healthcare providers (including old‐age psychiatrists and geriatricians). Stigma and wrong beliefs, regarding the elderly population, should be tackled by means of campaigns.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in acute liver failure
Authors: Stahl Klaus , Hadem Johannes , Schneider Andrea , Manns Michael P. , Wiesner Olaf , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Hoeper Marius M. , Busch Markus , David Sascha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐organ dysfunction in acute liver failure (ALF) has been attributed to a systemic inflammatory response directly triggered by the injured liver. High‐volume therapeutic plasma exchange (HV‐TPE) has been demonstrated in a large randomized controlled trial to improve survival. Here, we investigated if a more cost‐/ resource effective low‐volume (LV) TPE strategy might have comparable beneficial effects.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the effect of LV‐TPE on remote organ failure, hemodynamical and biochemical parameters as well as on survival in patients with ALF. Twenty patients treated with LV‐TPE in addition to standard medical therapy (SMT) were identified and 1:1 matched to a historical ALF cohort treated with SMT only. Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded at admission to the intensive care unit and the following 7 days after LV‐TPE.ResultsMean arterial pressure increased following first LV‐TPE treatments (d0: 68 [61‐75] mm Hg vs d7: 88 [79‐98] mm Hg, P = .003) and norepinephrine dose was reduced (d0: 0.264 [0.051‐0.906] μg/kg/min vs d3: 0 [0‐0.024] μg/kg/min, P = .016). Multi‐organ dysfunction was significantly diminished following LV‐TPE (CLIF‐SOFA d0: 17 [13‐20] vs d7: 7 [3‐11], P = .001). Thirty‐day in‐hospital survival was 65% in the LV‐TPE cohort and 50% in the SMT cohort (Hazard‐ratio for TPE: 0.637; 95% CI: 0.238‐1.706, P = .369).ConclusionsPatients treated with LV‐TPE showed improved surrogate parameters comparable with the effects reported with HV‐TPE. These data need to be interpreted with caution due to their retrospective character. Future controlled studies are highly desirable.
On the number of linear hypergraphs of large girth
Authors: Balogh József , Li Lina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn ‐uniform linear cycle of length , denoted by , is an ‐graph with edges such that for every , and for all other pairs . For every and , we show that there exists a constant depending on and such that the number of linear ‐graphs of girth is at most . Furthermore, we extend the result for , proving that there exists a constant depending on such that the number of linear ‐graphs without is at most . The idea of the proof is to reduce the hypergraph enumeration problems to some graph enumeration problems, and then apply a variant of the graph container method, which may be of independent interest. We extend a breakthrough result of Kleitman and Winston on the number of ‐free graphs, proving that the number of graphs containing at most 's is at most , for sufficiently large . We further show that for every and , the number of graphs such that each of its edges is contained in only cycles of length at most , is bounded by asymptotically.
Clustering patterns of type‐type combination in multiple genotypes infections of human papillomavirus in cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dong Li , Li Tingyuan , Li Li , Wang Margaret Z. , Wu Zeni , Cui Jianfeng , Liu Bin , Zhang Xun , Qiao Youlin , Chen Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoinfections with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) occur in cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC). However, it remains unclear the clustering patterns of multiple types in HPV coinfections and relevant factors in ADC. A total of 718 paraffin‐embedded ADC specimens were collected in China and tested for HPV genotypes using SPF10‐INNO‐LIPA. The prevalence of HPV coinfections and clustering patterns by geographical regions, histological subtypes and ages were assessed. Type‐specific attribution of HPV to ADC adjusted by HPV coinfections were calculated. The prevalence of HPV coinfections was found to be 8.4% in ADC cases with slight variation by geographic regions between 2.2% and 12.5%. The 88.3% of all HPV multiple infections in ADC were two types of HPV coinfections with predominant combination of HPV 16 and HPV 18. The attribution to ADC was 88.0% for HPV 16/18 targeted by bivalent and quadrivalent vaccine and 96.8% for HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 targeted by nonavalent vaccine. Clustering patterns of multiple types were related with histological categories and age at diagnosis. In conclusion, HPV coinfections are uncommonly prevalent in ADC cases with slight variation by geographic regions and distinct clustering patterns of multiple types by histological subtypes and ages at diagnosis. The high attribution of carcinogenic HPV types to ADC predicts potential protection of HPV vaccine against ADC.
Political Efficacy as a Buffer of the Heightened Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Disadvantaged Communities
Authors: Vashdi Dana R. , Navot Doron , Lavi Iris , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Canetti Daphna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExternal collective political efficacy (PE) is an individual's perception of the extent to which the government is responsive to the needs of his or her group or community or to its collective actions. Does PE play a role in the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress? The current study aimed to examine whether such PE may help explain why exposure to political violence results in posttraumatic stress for some people but not others. Based on the conservation of resource theory, research has found that residents of some types of communities are less likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress when exposed to political violence, due to the economic and psychological resources these communities provide. Political efficacy, as an individual‐level factor that relates to the community, may help predict who will suffer more or less posttraumatic stress from exposure to political violence within a given community. Based on a panel study conducted immediately before and after the 2008–2009 Gaza conflict (N = 650) and hierarchical linear modeling analyses, we found that type of community indeed moderated the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress, Δ‐2 log likelihood = 30.4, p < .001. In addition, we found that PE mitigated the psychological distress resulting from exposure to political conflict in disadvantaged communities, Δ‐2 log likelihood = 22.8, p < .001. This study not only further untangled the association between exposure and distress during times of war but also identified the role that governments can play in preventing conflict‐induced distress beyond offering physical protection.
A Millimeter‐Scale Snail Robot Based on a Light‐Powered Liquid Crystal Elastomer Continuous Actuator
Authors: Rogóż Mikołaj , Dradrach Klaudia , Xuan Chen , Wasylczyk Piotr 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrawling by means of the traveling deformation of a soft body is a widespread mode of locomotion in nature—animals across scales, from microscopic nematodes to earthworms to gastropods, use it to move around challenging terrestrial environments. Snails, in particular, use mucus—a slippery, aqueous secretion—to enhance the interaction between their ventral foot and the contact surface. In this study, a millimeter‐scale soft crawling robot is demonstrated that uses a similar mechanism to move efficiently in a variety of configurations: on horizontal, vertical, as well as upside‐down surfaces; on smooth and rough surfaces; and through obstacles comparable in size to its dimensions. The traveling deformation of the robot soft body is generated via a local light‐induced phase transition in a liquid crystal elastomer and resembles the pedal waves of terrestrial gastropods. This work offers a new approach to micro‐engineering with smart materials as well as a tool to better understand this mode of locomotion in nature.
Electroresponsive Ionic Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Feng Chenrun , Rajapaksha Chathuranga P. Hemantha , Cedillo Jesus M. , Piedrahita Camilo , Cao Jinwei , Kaphle Vikash , Lüssem Björn , Kyu Thein , Jákli Antal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation, physical properties, and electric bending actuation of a new class of active materials—ionic liquid crystal elastomers (iLCEs). It is demonstrated that iLCEs can be actuated by low‐frequency AC or DC voltages of less than 1 V. The bending strains of the unoptimized first iLCEs are already comparable to the well‐developed ionic electroactive polymers. Additionally, iLCEs exhibit several novel and superior features, such as the alignment that increases the performance of actuation, the possibility of preprogrammed actuation patterns at the level of the cross‐linking process, and dual (thermal and electric) actuations in hybrid samples. Since liquid crystal elastomers are also sensitive to magnetic fields and can also be light sensitive, iLCEs have far‐reaching potentials toward multiresponsive actuations that may have so far unmatched properties in soft robotics, sensing, and biomedical applications.
Family still matters: Counseling patients with complex family histories of colon and endometrial cancers
Authors: Gemmell Amber P. , Mauer Caitlin B. , Reys Brian D. , Pirzadeh‐Miller Sara , Ross Theodora S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no national guidelines for the management of patients with a family history consistent with Lynch syndrome (LS) but a negative genetic test. To determine current management practices, genetic counselors’ (GCs) recommendations were assessed.MethodsA survey of GCs using five hypothetical pedigrees was posted to National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) discussion forums. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsOne‐hundred and fifteen surveys were completed. A pedigree with a first‐degree relative (FDR) with early‐onset colorectal cancer (CRC) and a family history of CRC and endometrial cancer (EC) prompted 83% (n = 95) of respondents to recommend early and frequent colonoscopies, based on family history. When the CRCs and ECs occurred in family members removed from the proband, 96% (n = 110) of GCs said they would screen based on family history. However, only 52% (n = 60) suggested CRC screening should begin earlier and occur more often, and 43% (n = 50) suggested CRC screening should follow standard age and frequency guidelines.ConclusionConcordance of opinion among GCs for the management of patients with negative genetic test results exists when FDRs are affected. However, when affected relatives are more distant, GCs disagreed on screening recommendations. These data suggest a need for guidelines for patients with a family history of cancer and a negative genetic test.
Neuropsychiatric phenotype in relation to gene variants in the hemizygous allele in 3q29 deletion carriers: A case series
Authors: Malt Eva Albertsen , Juhasz Katalin , Frengen Anna , Wangensteen Teresia , Emilsen Nina Merete , Hansen Borre , Agafonov Oleg , Nilsen Hilde Loge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenetic risk variants in the hemizygous allele may influence neuropsychiatric manifestations and clinical course in 3q29 deletion carriers.MethodsIn‐depth phenotypic assessment in two deletion carriers included medical records, medical, genetic, psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluations, brain MRI scan and EEG. Blood samples were analyzed for copy number variations, and deep sequencing of the affected 3q29 region was performed in patients and seven first‐degree relatives. Risk variants were identified through bioinformatic analysis.ResultsOne deletion carrier was diagnosed with learning difficulties and childhood autism, the other with mild intellectual disability and schizophrenia. EEG abnormalities in childhood normalized in adulthood in both. Cognitive abilities improved during adolescence in one deletion carrier. Both had microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes and suffered from chronic pain and fatigue. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses identified risk variants in the hemizygous allele that were not present in the homozygous state in relatives in genes involved in cilia function and insulin action in the autistic individual and in synaptic function and neurosteroid transport in the subject with schizophrenia.Conclusion3q29 deletion carriers may undergo developmental phenotypic transition and need regular medical follow‐up. Identified risk variants in the remaining hemizygous allele should be explored further in autism and schizophrenia research.
Practical absorptive frequency selective surface based on printed electronics technology for radome applications
Authors: Lee In‐Gon , Kim Yoon‐Jae , Hong Ic‐Pyo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study uses screen‐printing technology to create resistive components by employing carbon‐based electric ink (55 Ω/□) printing, and an absorptive frequency selective surface (FSS) was designed with absorptive properties in the C‐band and transmissive properties in the X‐band. This was done to ensure structural stability and to overcome the limitations of lumped‐element‐based absorptive‐FSS, which make it difficult to ensure the stability of electrical properties owing to thermal and mechanical factors in the hybrid composite laminated structure. The proposed structure reduces parasitic components by substituting printed resistive components instead of the lumped element having the weakness of a difficult to predict electrical performance according to the frequency band. Fabrication and measurement tests were performed to verify the performance of the proposed structure by comparing the frequency response properties in normal and oblique incidence conditions, the measured results show good agreement with the simulation results.
Is perfection ever attainable? Strong coupling effects in the Perfect Echo
Authors: Howe Peter W.A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Perfect Echo sequence, originally proposed in the late 1980s, has recently been popularised with many applications in the field of small‐molecule proton NMR spectroscopy. The Perfect Echo refocuses all homonuclear J‐couplings for AX spin systems and refocuses magnetization in‐phase for more complex weakly coupled spin systems, albeit with some intensity reduction. In contrast to suggestions in previous publications, spectra acquired in our laboratory showed that the Perfect Echo caused intensity distortions in strongly coupled systems where the chemical shift difference between the coupled spins was not large compared to the J‐coupling. This paper reports experimental observations and theoretical analysis of strongly coupled spins to confirm the distortions are real and that they originate principally from transfer of magnetization caused by the final inversion pulse of the Perfect Echo. The intensity changes are not large, but because of them, identifications of coupling partners based on resonance intensities (“roofing”) can no longer be relied on when the Perfect Echo is used. However, theory and experiment confirm that adding an orthogonal excitation pulse at the end of the Perfect Echo greatly reduces the distortions.
A framework for self‐evolving computational material models inspired by deep learning
Authors: Cho In Ho 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThere exists a deep chasm between machine learning (ML) and high‐fidelity computational material models in science and engineering. Due to the complex interaction of internal physics, ML methods hardly conquer or innovate them. To fill the chasm, this paper finds an answer from the central notions of deep learning (DL) and proposes information index and link functions, which are essential to infuse principles of physics into ML. Like the convolution process of DL, the proposed information index integrates adjacent information and quantifies the physical similarity between laboratory and reality, enabling ML to see through a complex target system with the perspective of scientists. Like the hidden layers' weights of DL, the proposed link functions unravel the hidden relations between information index and physics rules. Like the error backpropagation of DL, the proposed framework adopts fitness‐based spawning scheme of evolutionary algorithm. The proposed framework demonstrates that a fusion of information index, link functions, evolutionary algorithm, and Bayesian update scheme can engender self‐evolving computational material models and that the fusion will help rename ML as a partner of researchers in the broad science and engineering.
A cross‐sectional study of health literacy in patients with chronic kidney disease: Associations with demographic and clinical variables
Authors: Stømer Une Elisabeth , Gøransson Lasse Gunnar , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate health literacy in patients with chronic kidney disease in a multidimensional perspective.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatients with chronic kidney disease at stages 3–5 were included in the study between February–August 2017 (N = 187). Health literacy was measured by the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify associations between health literacy and demographic and clinical variables. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to identify characteristics of groups with high and low health literacy.ResultsFinding and critical appraise health information were the most challenging dimensions of health literacy. Female gender, lower level of education, greater number of prescribed medications and depressive symptoms were associated with lower health literacy. The group identified with lowest health literacy was further characterized by living alone and presence of comorbidity.
Emicizumab prophylaxis among infants and toddlers with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors—a single‐center cohort
Authors: Barg Assaf A. , Avishai Einat , Budnik Ivan , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Barazani Tami B. , Kenet Gili , Livnat Tami 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmicizumab is a bispecific antibody that bridges factor IXa and factor X to restore hemostasis in patients with hemophilia A (HA). Its efficacy and safety have been proven in multicenter trials. However, real world data regarding its use in very young children are currently lacking. Ancillary test results for monitoring emicizumab's hemostatic effect and their clinical correlations are scarce.MethodsChildren with HA and inhibitors treated by emicizumab were prospectively followed at our center. Laboratory follow‐up included rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thrombin generation (TG), prior to and during treatment.ResultsEleven children whose median age was 26 months were treated by emicizumab and followed for a median of 36 weeks. During follow‐up, none experienced hemarthrosis or any other spontaneous bleeds. For 7/11 patients, emicizumab prophylaxis was sufficient to maintain hemostasis without additional supplemental therapy. Only 4/11 patients were occasionally treated with recombinant activated FVII for trauma. Two minor surgeries were safely performed without supplemental therapy while another procedure was complicated by major bleeding. TG parameters improved for all patients, correlating with their clinical status. Interestingly, the lowest TG values were obtained for patients experiencing bleeding episodes, while ROTEM parameters in all patients were close to the normal range.ConclusionsThis study confirms the safety and efficacy of emicizumab in reducing bleeds in young children with HA with inhibitors, including infants. However, surgeries warrant caution as emicizumab prophylaxis may not be sufficient for some procedures. TG may more accurately reflect the hemostasis state than ROTEM in pediatric patients treated with emicizumab.