bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Pasteurellaceae carriage dynamics in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves
Authors: Thomas A. C. , Bailey M. , Lee M. R. F. , Mead A. , Morales-Aza B. , Reynolds R. , Vipond B. , Finn A. , Eisler M. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigated three bovine respiratory pathobionts in healthy cattle using qPCR optimised and validated to quantify Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida over a wide dynamic range. A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the carriage and density of these bacteria in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves (N = 60) housed over winter in an experimental farm setting. The three pathobiont species exhibited remarkably different carriage rates and density profiles. At housing, high carriage rates were observed for P. multocida (95%), and H. somni (75%), while fewer calves were positive for M. haemolytica (13%). Carriage rates for all three bacterial species declined over the 75-day study, but not all individuals became colonised despite sharing of environment and airspace. Colonisation patterns ranged from continuous to intermittent and were different among pathobiont species. Interval-censored exponential survival models estimated the median duration of H. somni and P. multocida carriage at 14.8 (CI95%: 10.6–20.9) and 55.5 (CI95%: 43.3–71.3) days respectively, and found higher density P. multocida carriage was associated with slower clearance (p = 0.036). This work offers insights into the dynamics of pathobiont carriage and provides a potential platform for further data collection and modelling studies.
Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Choi Youn I , Park Dong Kyun , Chung Jun-Won , Kim Kyoung Oh , Kwon Kwang An , Kim Yoon Jae 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReduced sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. However, the potential effects of disturbing the regular circadian rhythm, as occurs with shift work, on the risk of sarcopenia have not been established. Data from 9105 workers from the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Sarcopenia, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was defined as one standard deviation below the mean of the appendicular skeletal muscle/body mass index value of a young reference group. Compared to the group that had never experienced shift work, the odds ratio (OR) for sarcopenia with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the shift work group was 1.7 (1.5–1.9); the association remained even after adjusting for confounding variables, including age, sex, total fat mass, insulin resistance profile, smoking, alcohol intake, diet, and physical activity. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the highest risk of sarcopenia was among workers engaging in shift work with an irregular schedule (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.4). Disruption of circadian rhythm by shift work was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia. Intervention strategies are needed to prevent sarcopenia in shift workers.
Citrullination facilitates cross-reactivity of rheumatoid factor with non-IgG1 Fc epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Trela Malgorzata , Perera Shantha , Sheeran Thomas , Rylance Paul , Nelson Paul N. , Attridge Kesley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are the two most prevalent autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are thought to have distinct autoantigen targets. Whilst RF targets the Fc region of antibodies, ACPAs target a far broader spectrum of citrullinated peptides. Here we demonstrate significant sequence and structural homology between proposed RF target epitopes in IgG1 Fc and the ACPA target fibrinogen. Two of the three homologous sequences were susceptible to citrullination, and this modification, which occurs extensively in RA, permitted significant cross-reactivity of RF+ patient sera with fibrinogen in both western blots and ELISAs. Crucially, this reactivity was specific to RF as it was absent in RF− patient and healthy control sera, and could be inhibited by pre-incubation with IgG1 Fc. These studies establish fibrinogen as a common target for both RF and ACPAs, and suggest a new mechanism in RF-mediated autoimmune diseases wherein RF may act as a precursor from which the ACPA response evolves.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Phlebovirus causes lethal viral hemorrhagic fever in cats
Authors: Park Eun-sil , Shimojima Masayuki , Nagata Noriyo , Ami Yasushi , Yoshikawa Tomoki , Iwata-Yoshikawa Naoko , Fukushi Shuetsu , Watanabe Shumpei , Kurosu Takeshi , Kataoka Michiyo , Okutani Akiko , Kimura Masanobu , Imaoka Koichi , Hanaki Kenichi , Suzuki Tadaki , Hasegawa Hideki , Saijo Masayuki , Maeda Ken , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by the SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV). SFTS patients were first reported in China, followed by Japan and South Korea. In 2017, cats were diagnosed with SFTS for the first time, suggesting that these animals are susceptible to SFTSV. To confirm whether or not cats were indeed susceptible to SFTSV, animal subjects were experimentally infected with SFTSV. Four of the six cats infected with the SPL010 strain of SFTSV died, all showing similar or more severe symptoms than human SFTS patients, such as a fever, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, weight loss, anorexia, jaundice and depression. High levels of SFTSV RNA loads were detected in the serum, eye swab, saliva, rectal swab and urine, indicating a risk of direct human infection from SFTS-infected animals. Histopathologically, acute necrotizing lymphadenitis and hemophagocytosis were prominent in the lymph nodes and spleen. Severe hemorrhaging was observed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. B cell lineage cells with MUM-1 and CD20, but not Pax-5 in the lesions were predominantly infected with SFTSV. The present study demonstrated that cats were highly susceptible to SFTSV. The risk of direct infection from SFTS-infected cats to humans should therefore be considered.
The Fab portion of immunoglobulin G contributes to its binding to Fcγ receptor III
Authors: Yogo Rina , Yamaguchi Yuki , Watanabe Hiroki , Yagi Hirokazu , Satoh Tadashi , Nakanishi Mahito , Onitsuka Masayoshi , Omasa Takeshi , Shimada Mari , Maruno Takahiro , Torisu Tetsuo , Watanabe Shio , Higo Daisuke , Uchihashi Takayuki , Yanaka Saeko , Uchiyama Susumu , Kato Koichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost cells active in the immune system express receptors for antibodies which mediate a variety of defensive mechanisms. These receptors interact with the Fc portion of the antibody and are therefore collectively called Fc receptors. Here, using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we observe interactions of human, humanized, and mouse/human-chimeric immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies and their cognate Fc receptor, FcγRIIIa. Our results demonstrate that not only Fc but also Fab positively contributes to the interaction with the receptor. Furthermore, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometric analysis reveals that the Fab portion of IgG1 is directly involved in its interaction with FcγRIIIa, in addition to the canonical Fc-mediated interaction. By targeting the previously unidentified receptor-interaction sites in IgG-Fab, our findings could inspire therapeutic antibody engineering.
Comparison of Species Composition and Floristic Components of Soil Sediment Spore pollen in the Ailaoshan Mountain Forest of China
Authors: He Su-Nan , Hao Cheng-Yuan , Zhao Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the natural boundary between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains in China, the large-scale prominent terrain of Ailaoshan Mountain leads to obvious regional differences in climate and vegetation. In this article, a comparative analysis is made on both species composition and floristic components of spore pollen (SP) in two sample soil plots near the main peak of Ailaoshan Mountain. The results show that there is a remarkable difference between the western and eastern sample plots. The climate or meteorology characteristics are likely the main reasons accounting for the differences in habitat characteristics and plant sample investigation results. The tropical genera elements of sediment SPs are higher in the western sample plot (6.8%) than in the eastern sample plot (4.7%) because the western plot is controlled by the Indian summer monsoon at all times. The north temperate elements of sediment SP are lower in the western plot (13.4%) than in the eastern plot (26.4%) because the eastern plot is evidently sometimes influenced by the East Asian winter monsoon. In general, Ailaoshan Mountain may be one of important physical geographical boundaries between the interacting regions influenced by both the Indian summer monsoon and the East Asian winter monsoon.
Visualizing Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Brain with Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography using a Fluorescent probe, CDnir7
Authors: Park Sung-Jin , Ho Chris Jun Hui , Arai Satoshi , Samanta Animesh , Olivo Malini , Chang Young-Tae 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is now clinically considered as a chronic inflammation-based neurodegenerative disease. The CDnir7 probe was previously developed as an optical imaging probe to target macrophages in order to image mouse inflammation using in vivo optical imaging modalities such as In Vivo imaging system (IVIS) and fluorescent molecular tomography (FMT). Here, we demonstrate the application of CDnir7 in AD mouse brain imaging via multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Longitudinal MSOT imaging of CDnir7 showed higher CDnir7 localization in AD mouse cerebral cortex compared to that of normal mice. MSOT signals of CDnir7 localization in mouse brain were verified by ex vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging and immunohistochemistry. Histological evaluation showed strong CDnir7 staining in AD cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia and thalamus area. Based on the supporting evidence, CDnir7 has great potential as a molecular imaging probe for AD brain imaging.
Evaluation of the role of STAP1 in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Danyel Magdalena , Ott Claus-Eric , Grenkowitz Thomas , Salewsky Bastian , Hicks Andrew A. , Fuchsberger Christian , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Bobbert Thomas , Kassner Ursula , Demuth Ilja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterised by elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a substantial risk for cardiovascular disease. The autosomal-dominant FH is mostly caused by mutations in LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), APOB (apolipoprotein B), and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin). Recently, STAP1 has been suggested as a fourth causative gene. We analyzed STAP1 in 75 hypercholesterolemic patients from Berlin, Germany, who are negative for mutations in canonical FH genes. In 10 patients with negative family history, we additionally screened for disease causing variants in LDLRAP1 (low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1), associated with autosomal-recessive hypercholesterolemia. We identified one STAP1 variant predicted to be disease causing. To evaluate association of serum lipid levels and STAP1 carrier status, we analyzed 20 individuals from a population based cohort, the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, carrying rare STAP1 variants. Out of the same cohort we randomly selected 100 non-carriers as control. In the Berlin FH cohort STAP1 variants were rare. In the CHRIS cohort, we obtained no statistically significant differences between carriers and non-carriers of STAP1 variants with respect to lipid traits. Until such an association has been verified in more individuals with genetic variants in STAP1, we cannot estimate whether STAP1 generally is a causative gene for FH.
Reduced multisensory facilitation in adolescents and adults on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Ostrolenk Alexia , Bao Vanessa A. , Mottron Laurent , Collignon Olivier , Bertone Armando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndividuals with autism are reported to integrate information from visual and auditory channels in an idiosyncratic way. Multisensory integration (MSI) of simple, non-social stimuli (i.e., flashes and beeps) was evaluated in adolescents and adults with (n = 20) and without autism (n = 19) using a reaction time (RT) paradigm using audio, visual, and audiovisual stimuli. For each participant, the race model analysis compares the RTs on the audiovisual condition to a bound value computed from the unimodal RTs that reflects the effect of redundancy. If the actual audiovisual RTs are significantly faster than this bound, the race model is violated, indicating evidence of MSI. Our results show that the race model violation occurred only for the typically-developing (TD) group. While the TD group shows evidence of MSI, the autism group does not. These results suggest that multisensory integration of simple information, void of social content or complexity, is altered in autism. Individuals with autism may not benefit from the advantage conferred by multisensory stimulation to the same extent as TD individuals. Altered MSI for simple, non-social information may have cascading effects on more complex perceptual processes related to language and behaviour in autism.
The endosomal sorting adaptor HD-PTP is required for ephrin-B:EphB signalling in cellular collapse and spinal motor axon guidance
Authors: Lahaie Sylvie , Morales Daniel , Bagci Halil , Hamoud Noumeira , Castonguay Charles-Etienne , Kazan Jalal M. , Desrochers Guillaume , Klar Avihu , Gingras Anne-Claude , Pause Arnim , Côté Jean-François , Kania Artur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe signalling output of many transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell communication is restricted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), but the impact of this machinery on Eph tyrosine kinase receptor function is unknown. We identified the ESCRT-associated adaptor protein HD-PTP as part of an EphB2 proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) interactome, and confirmed this association using co-immunoprecipitation. HD-PTP loss attenuates the ephrin-B2:EphB2 signalling-induced collapse of cultured cells and axonal growth cones, and results in aberrant guidance of chick spinal motor neuron axons in vivo. HD-PTP depletion abrogates ephrin-B2-induced EphB2 clustering, and EphB2 and Src family kinase activation. HD-PTP loss also accelerates ligand-induced EphB2 degradation, contrasting the effects of HD-PTP loss on the relay of signals from other cell surface receptors. Our results link Eph function to the ESCRT machinery and demonstrate a role for HD-PTP in the earliest steps of ephrin-B:EphB signalling, as well as in obstructing premature receptor depletion.
Exactly solvable model of two interacting Rydberg-dressed atoms confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap
Authors: Kościk Przemysław , Sowiński Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExactly solvable model of two Rydberg-dressed atoms moving in a quasi-two-dimensional harmonic trap is introduced and its properties are investigated. Depending on the strength of inter-particle interactions and the critical range of the potential, the two-particle eigenstates are classified with respect to the excitations of the center-of-mass motion, relative angular momentum, and relative distance variable. Having these solutions in hand, we discuss inter-particle correlations as functions of interaction parameters. We also present a straightforward prescription of how to generalize obtained solutions to higher dimensions.
Resolution enhancement in scanning electron microscopy using deep learning
Authors: de Haan Kevin , Ballard Zachary S. , Rivenson Yair , Wu Yichen , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report resolution enhancement in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images using a generative adversarial network. We demonstrate the veracity of this deep learning-based super-resolution technique by inferring unresolved features in low-resolution SEM images and comparing them with the accurately co-registered high-resolution SEM images of the same samples. Through spatial frequency analysis, we also report that our method generates images with frequency spectra matching higher resolution SEM images of the same fields-of-view. By using this technique, higher resolution SEM images can be taken faster, while also reducing both electron charging and damage to the samples.
An emerging trend of rapid increase of leukemia but not all cancers in the aging population in the United States
Authors: Hao Taisen , Li-Talley Min , Buck Alison , Chen WenYong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe “baby boomers” born in 1946–1964 in the United States (U.S.) started to reach the age of 65 in 2011, rapidly accelerating U.S. population aging. There are great public concerns about its impact on health care with anticipation of rising cancer incidences. We examined the incidences and deaths of leukemia and overall cancer in the U.S. from 1998 to 2018. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidences remained constant prior to 2011 but have climbed up substantially since then, and the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) incidence has increased continuously since 1998. The significant increase of myeloid leukemia and CLL incidences was strongly correlated with the U.S. population aging. The incidence of all cancers was increased in correlation with a small increase in aging population prior to 2011, but surprisingly has changed marginally since 2011, which was not significantly correlated with the accelerated population aging. We observed the most substantial decline of deaths with CML, whereas AML deaths continued to rise in the past 20 years. In conclusion, the overall cancer incidence was not increased as fast as previously feared with aging Americans; however, the incidences of myeloid leukemia and CLL significantly outpaced that of all cancers.
De-epithelialization of porcine tracheal allografts as an approach for tracheal tissue engineering
Authors: Aoki Fabio G. , Varma Ratna , Marin-Araujo Alba E. , Lee Hankyu , Soleas John P. , Li Alexander H. , Soon Kayla , Romero David , Moriya Henrique T. , Haykal Siba , Amon Cristina , Waddell Thomas K. , Karoubi Golnaz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReplacement of large tracheal defects remains an unmet clinical need. While recellularization of acellular tracheal grafts appeared to be a viable pathway, evidence from the clinic suggests otherwise. In hindsight, complete removal of chondrocytes and repopulation of the tracheal chondroid matrix to achieve functional tracheal cartilage may have been unrealistic. In contrast, the concept of a hybrid graft whereby the epithelium is removed and the immune-privileged cartilage is preserved is a radically different path with initial reports indicating potential clinical success. Here, we present a novel approach using a double-chamber bioreactor to de-epithelialize tracheal grafts and subsequently repopulate the grafts with exogenous cells. A 3 h treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate perfused through the inner chamber efficiently removes the majority of the tracheal epithelium while the outer chamber, perfused with growth media, keeps most (68.6 ± 7.3%) of the chondrocyte population viable. De-epithelialized grafts support human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) attachment, viability and growth over 7 days. While not without limitations, our approach suggests value in the ultimate use of a chimeric allograft with intact donor cartilage re-epithelialized with recipient-derived epithelium. By adopting a brief and partial decellularization approach, specifically removing the epithelium, we avoid the need for cartilage regeneration.
A novel bispecific antibody platform to direct complement activity for efficient lysis of target cells
Authors: Cruz Jonathan W. , Damko Ermelinda , Modi Bhavika , Tu Naxin , Meagher Karoline , Voronina Vera , Gartner Hans , Ehrlich George , Rafique Ashique , Babb Robert , Aneja Priya , Potocky Terra B. , D’ Orvilliers Amanda , Coppi Alida , E Sook Yen , Qiu Haibo , Williams Courtney M. , Bennett Brandy L. , Chen Gang , Macdonald Lynn , Olson William , Lin John C. , Stahl Neil , Murphy Andrew J. , Kyratsous Christos A. , Prasad Brinda C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHarnessing complement-mediated cytotoxicity by therapeutic antibodies has been limited because of dependency on size and density of antigen, structural constraints resulting from orientation of antibody binding, and blockade of complement activation by inhibitors expressed on target cells. We developed a modular bispecific antibody platform that directs the complement-initiating protein C1q to target cells, increases local complement deposition and induces cytotoxicity against target antigens with a wide-range of expression. The broad utility of this approach to eliminate both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells was demonstrated by pairing a unique C1q-recruiting arm with multiple targeting arms specific forStaphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B-cells and T-cells, indicating applicability for diverse indications ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Generation of C1q humanized mice allowed for demonstration of the efficacy of this approach to clear disease-inducing cellsin vivo. In summary, we present a novel, broadly applicable, and versatile therapeutic modality for targeted cell depletion.
Bounded Asymmetry in Road Networks
Authors: Martínez Mori Juan C. , Samaranayake Samitha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRoad networks are a classical stage for applications in network science and graph theory. Meanwhile, many combinatorial problems that arise in road networks are computationally intractable. Thus, an attractive way of tackling them is through efficient heuristics with provable performance guarantees, better known as approximation algorithms. This motivates the intersection of algorithm design with the aforementioned fields. Specifically, identifying measures that characterize graphs and exploiting them in the design of algorithms may yield practical heuristics with rigorous mathematical justification. Herein, we propose a new graph measure, namely the asymmetry factor ΔG of a directed graph G, with immediate algorithmic results via a symmetrization procedure and the black box use of approximation algorithms for symmetric graphs. Crucially, we analyze the asymmetry factors of the road networks from a diverse set of twelve cities, providing empirical evidence that road networks exhibit low bounded asymmetry and thereby justifying the practical use of algorithms for symmetric graphs.