bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revegetation differentially influences microbial trophic groups in a Qinghai‐Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem
Authors: Qin Mingsen , Shi Guoxi , Miranda Jean‐Pascal , Liu Yongjun , Meng Yiming , Pan Jianbin , Chai Yuxing , Jiang Shengjing , Zhou Guoying , Feng Huyuan , Zhang Qi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRevegetation accelerates the recovery of degraded lands. Different microbial trophic groups underpin this acceleration from the aspects of soil structure stabilization, nutrient accumulation, and ecosystem functions. However, little is known about how revegetation influences the community and biodiversity of different soil microbial trophic groups. Here, six revegetation treatments with different plantings of plant species were established at an excavation pit in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Communities of plant, bacteria, and several key soil fungal groups were investigated after 12 years of revegetation. Plant and all microbial trophic group compositions were markedly influenced by revegetation treatments. Total fungal and pathogenic fungal compositions were not significantly predicted by any factor of plant and soil, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition could be mainly predicted by plant composition and plant P content. Bacterial composition was mainly determined by soil total N, organic carbon concentration, and moisture content; and saprotrophic fungal composition was mainly determined by soil organic carbon. Soil pH was the strongest factor to predict bacterial metabolic functions. Our findings highlight that even the differences of microbial compositions were because of different revegetation treatments, but each trophic microbial composition had different relations with plant and/or soil; especially, the bacterial community and metabolic functions and saprotrophic fungal community were more correlated with soil properties rather than plant community or characteristics per se.
Structural diversity and efficacy of culturable cellulose decomposing bacteria isolated from rice–pulse resource conservation practices
Authors: Dash Pradeep Kumar , Bhattacharyya Pratap , Shahid Mohammad , Roy Pritesh Sunder , Padhy Soumya Ranjan , Swain Chinmaya Kumar , Kumar Upendra , Kumar Anjani , Gautam Priyanka , Lal Banawari , Panneerselvam Periyasamy , Nayak Amaresh Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe diversity of cellulolytic bacteria from the rice–pulse system can be sourced for identification of efficient cellulose decomposing microbial strains. In the present study, the abundance, structural diversity, and cellulolytic potential of the culturable bacterial community were studied in 5‐year old rice–pulse system under different resource conservation technologies. Higher cellulose (68% more) and xylanase (35% more) activities were observed under zero tilled soil. The populations of cellulolytic bacteria were significantly higher (44%) in zero tillage (ZT) treatment than those of conventional practice. Results revealed that the cellulolytic bacterial diversity was found to be significantly higher under ZT practice, but the present population may not be sufficient for effective recycling of organic wastes in this system. Out of 290 bacterial isolates, 20 isolates had significantly higher cellulolytic activities, of which the top three superior isolates were received from ZT practice. The cellulolytic bacterial diversity based on 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed that the Firmicutes was the most dominant phyla and the Bacillus spp. were the common genus, the observation also showed that there were 17 different haplotypes were recorded among 20 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria. The present findings indicated that long‐term ZT in the rice–pulse system could be a unique source for efficient cellulose decomposing bacteria and further the efficient bacterial strains isolated from this system can be used as efficient bioinoculants for in situ as well as ex‐situ decomposition of rice straw particularly in conservation agriculture.
Spatiotemporal variability of daily precipitation concentration and its relationship to teleconnection patterns over the Mediterranean during 1975–2015
Authors: Mathbout Shifa , Lopez‐Bustins Joan Albert , Royé Dominic , Martin‐Vide Javier , Benhamrouche Aziz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study has addressed the spatiotemporal distribution of the daily rainfall concentration and its relation to the teleconnection patterns across the Mediterranean (MR). Daily concentration index (CI) and the ordered n index (
nor) are used at annual time scale to reveal the statistical structure of precipitation across the MR based on 233 daily rainfall series for the period 1975–2015. Eight teleconnection patterns, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Mediterranean Oscillation (MO), Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO), Upper‐Level Mediterranean Oscillation index (ULMO), East Atlantic (EA) pattern, East Atlantic/West Russia (EATL/WRUS) pattern, Scandinavia (SCAND) pattern and Southern Oscillation (SO) at annual time scale are selected. The spatiotemporal patterns in precipitation concentration indices, annual precipitation and their teleconnections with previous large‐scale circulations are investigated. Results show a strong connection between the CI and the
nor (r = 0.70, p < .05) which present the same relative areas of high and low concentration. The annual values range from 0.57 to 0.70 for CI and 0.49 to 0.71 for
nor index which show a high daily precipitation concentration across the MR. Trend analysis demonstrated mostly significant increasing trends for both indices. This increase is mainly found in south France, northern coastlands of the Iberian Peninsula (IP), Greece and Tunisia. An inverse relationship between the number of rainy days and concentration indices is evident. Both of WeMO and MO can play an important role in modulating rainfall in the northwest Mediterranean. The positive EATL/WRUS phase is mainly connected with positive precipitation mean anomalies in the eastern Mediterranean and vice versa in the west. The high daily precipitation concentration values over south France, northeast Spain, Croatia and Tunisia are linked to the low values of WeMO and high values of EA. These results could pave the way for new possibilities regarding the projection of precipitation concentration and precipitation irregularity in downscaling techniques.
A 256‐year‐long precipitation reconstruction for northern Kyrgyzstan based on tree‐ring width
Authors: Zhang Tongwen , Lu Bo , Zhang Ruibo , Diushen Mamatkanov , Rysbek Satylkanov , Bakytbek Ermenbaev , Chen Feng , Yu Shulong , Jiang Shengxia , Zhang Heli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, 85 tree cores from 45 Schrenk spruces (Picea schrenkiana) were used to establish a regional tree‐ring chronology. A 256‐year pJune–May precipitation (where p denotes a month from the previous year) for northern Kyrgyzstan in central Asia was reconstructed using this newly developed chronology. The tree‐ring‐based precipitation reconstruction tracks the observed data well (r = .622, p < .0001, n = 105). Spatial correlation proved that the reconstructed precipitation series contains climatic signals representative of a larger area, including eastern Kyrgyzstan and parts of Kazakhstan. A comparison between the newly reconstructed precipitation series and four tree‐ring‐based precipitation reconstructions for the surrounding areas reveals similar variations, particularly in the high‐frequency domain. Furthermore, this reconstructed precipitation series matches nine flood (1785, 1786, 1792, 1952, 1953, 1970, 1971, 1973, and 2000) and four drought (1917, 1919, 1927, and 1944) events noted in the historical documents and captures a dry decade that occurred in the 1910s in central Asia.
Comorbidity burden and nonclinical factors associated with sinonasal cancer all‐cause mortality
Authors: Desai Premal B. , Bukatko Aleksandr R. , Simpson Matthew C. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Greenberg Jason W. , Ward Greg M. , Walker Ronald J. , Antisdel Jastin L. , Osazuwa Peters Nosayaba 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo describe comorbidity burden and nonclinical factors associated with all‐cause mortality of sinonasal cancer in the United States.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (2004–2013) was queried for adult cases of sinonasal cancer (n = 10,518). Outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality. Independent variables included comorbidity score and nonclinical factors such as age, gender, race, facility type, distance to facility, insurance, and income. Survival analysis was conducted via multivariable extended Cox regression with Heaviside adjustments.ResultsPatients were mostly (79%), male (61%), and mean age of diagnosis was 63.5 years. Approximately one in five patients (18.7%) had a major comorbid condition (Charlson‐Deyo score ≥ 1) at diagnosis. After adjusting for clinical factors, increasing comorbidity score was associated with a corresponding increase in hazard of mortality (aHR comorbidity score of 1 = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.35), (aHR score of 2+ = 1.61; 95%, CI 1.41, 1.83). Hazard of mortality was also associated with being male (aHR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.17); black (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI, 1.03, 1.24); uninsured (aHR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25, 1.68) or on Medicaid (aHR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33, 1.69); residence in zip codes with lower median income quartile (aHR < $30,000 = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.29); and treatment at community cancer programs (aHR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28).ConclusionComorbid disease is associated with all‐cause sinonasal cancer mortality, and after accounting for known clinical factors, significant differences in mortality persist based on disparity‐driven, nonclinical factors.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:1443–1449, 2020
Beyond Depth of Invasion: Adverse Pathologic Tumor Features in Early Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Larson Andrew R. , Kemmer Jacquelyn , Formeister Eric , El‐Sayed Ivan , Ha Patrick , George Jonathan , Ryan William , Chan Emily , Heaton Chase 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveIn small (≤2 cm) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), we sought to clarify the contribution of pathologic features including perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and worst pattern of invasion‐5 (WPOI‐5) to clinical outcomes relative to tumor depth of invasion (DOI) of > or ≤ 4 mm.MethodsCases of ≤2 cm OTSCC treated surgically between 2000 and 2017 at an academic cancer center were reviewed, with retrospective pathologic slide review of DOI, LVI, PNI, and WPOI‐5. Primary outcome measures included occult nodal positivity, 2‐year locoregional recurrence (LRR), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsOne hundred tumors were included in analyses; 50 had DOI ≤ 4 mm, while 50 had DOI > 4 mm. When DOI was ≤4 mm, the presence of PNI, LVI, or WPOI‐5 was not associated with higher rates of occult cervical metastasis, LRR, or OS. When DOI was >4 mm, there was no difference in rates of occult cervical metastasis or LRR with each feature. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of two or more adverse features was associated with higher LRR (OR 5.7, P = .01) and worse DSS (HR 6.5, P = .02).ConclusionThe rate of occult cervical metastases in small (≤2 cm) OTSCC when DOI is ≤4 mm is very low even when PNI, LVI, or WPOI‐5 is present, and 2‐year LRR is no different. When DOI is >4 mm, the strongest predictor of recurrence and survival on multivariate analysis is the presence of two or more features in the tumor.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1715–1720, 2020
H2 accumulation and N2 fixation variation by Ni limitation in Cyanothece
Authors: Tuo Sing‐how , Rodriguez Irene B. , Ho Tung‐Yuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNi is an essential cofactor in NiFe‐uptake hydrogenase, an enzyme regulating H2 metabolism in diazotrophic cyanobacteria, the major H2 producers in the surface ocean globally. Here, we investigated the effect of Ni supply on H2 production and N2 fixation by using a model marine cyanobacterial diazotroph, Cyanothece. By mediating total dissolved Ni concentrations from 100 to 0.03 nmol L−1 in a trace metal‐defined culture medium, we demonstrated that Ni deficiency results in H2 accumulation, coupled with decreasing Ni quotas, growth rates, and occasionally relatively low N2 fixation rates. These results indicate that Ni deficiency limits the growth of the Cyanothece to some extent, considerably decreases H2 uptake by hydrogenase and leads to H2 accumulation and N2 fixation variation in the diazotroph. The findings show that Ni availability is a critical factor on controlling H2 production and N2 fixation in marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria. The information of Ni bioavailability for diazotrophic cyanobacteria is thus essential to evaluate the importance of Ni for H2 cycling and N2 fixation in oceanic surface waters.
Effect of the static pressure on the power dissipation of gearboxes
Authors: Concli Franco , Gorla Carlo , Rosa Francesco , Conrado Edoardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany researches were conducted in the past in order to maximise the efficiency of gearboxes, and for many of the sources of power loss, very effective models and tools are already available and can significantly help to optimise the design. Nevertheless, for the load‐independent power losses of gears only in the recent years some progress has been made. Concerning these losses, numerical simulations can help the designers in optimising the internal shape of the casing, thus ensuring the proper lubrication of all the components and reducing the undesired splashing losses.The amount of lubricant plays a fundamental role: A reduction of the lubricant can be critical from the point of view of adequate lubrication and of failures of the system due to wear, scuffing, and pitting but, on the other side, an excessive amount of lubricant leads to additional power dissipation and could even determine an overheating of the system.Another possibility to improve efficiency could be represented by the reduction of the pressure inside the housing: in this paper, the effect of the static pressure on the load‐independent power losses both for complete‐ and dip‐lubrication has been deeply studied.The numerical results, validated by experimental data, show that a reduction up to 15% of the churning losses can be achieved without reducing the amount of lubricant, that is, without increasing the risk of failures related to lubrication.Based on the results obtained, the reduction of the pressure of the housing proves to be a way to improve the efficiency, provided the related engineering issues are also addressed.
Effect of electrochemical potential on the corrosive wear behavior of 5052 aluminum alloy in 0.5 M NaCl solution
Authors: Lv Xiancheng , Cao Lei , Wan Yong , Yang Shuyan , Pu Jibin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA study has been carried out to investigate the corrosive wear behavior of aluminum alloy 5052 (AA5052) under reciprocated sliding in 0.5 M sodium chloride solution by a ball‐on‐disc tribometer which is associated with a potentiostat. It is clearly observed that applied potential has significant effects on the tribological and electrochemical performance of AA5052 in testing solution. The friction coefficient decreases with the increasing potential from the cathodic domain to the anodic one. The total wear volume of AA5052 increases with the increasing potential. The synergistic effort of wear and corrosion to the friction and wear performance is discussed.
Effect of dynamic DC stray current on corrosion behavior of X70 steel
Authors: Qin Huimin , Du Yanxia , Lu Minxu , Meng Qingsi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorrosion behavior of X70 steel under the application of dynamic DC stray current was investigated in simulated soil solution by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. Experimental results indicated that the corrosion rate of X70 steel under dynamic DC stray current was strongly influenced by the dynamic period. When the dynamic period was <80 s, the corrosion rate was only approximately 1–7% of that caused by an equivalent amount of steady direct current. However, as the dynamic period became >80 s, the corrosion rate increased significantly with the dynamic period. And finally when the dynamic period was >1 hr, the corrosion rate was nearly equal to 100% of that caused by an equivalent amount of steady direct current. Meanwhile, the surface examination showed that the specimens experienced uniform corrosion under the experimental conditions. On the basis of the experiment results, the dynamic DC stray current corrosion mechanism of X70 steel under the experimental conditions was discussed, which was closely related to the electric double‐layer structure at the electrode/solution interface and dynamic electrochemical reactions under dynamic stray current.
Synthesis of Strong Cation Exchange Macroporous Polymer Cluster for Convective Protein Chromatography
Authors: Lorenz Marcel , Vogg Sebastian , Finkelstein Patrick , Storti Giuseppe , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlkyne‐terminated polyelectrolytic brushes based on 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and subsequently linked to macroporous polymeric microclusters by Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition. It is shown that a column packed with the obtained material enables convective cation‐exchange chromatography of proteins, exhibiting flow rate independent resolution and dynamic binding capacity (8 mg mL−1). These flow characteristics are similar to those of monoliths and membranes and therefore improve the mass transport of existing chromatography resins used in the downstream process of therapeutic proteins, while the positive aspects of chromatographic beads are maintained, facilitating implementation in well‐developed platform technologies.
Twisted Hodge filtration: Curvature of the determinant
Authors: Naumann Philipp 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiven a holomorphic family of compact complex manifolds and a relatively ample line bundle , the higher direct images carry a natural hermitian metric. An explicit formula for the curvature tensor of these direct images is given in [8]. We prove that the determinant of the twisted Hodge filtration is (semi‐)positive on the base S if L itself is (semi‐)positive on .
Accumulation of Dietary S‐Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide in Human Prostate Tissue
Authors: Coode‐Bate Jack , Sivapalan Tharsini , Melchini Antonietta , Saha Shikha , Needs Paul W. , Dainty Jack R. , Maicha Jean‐Bapiste , Beasy Gemma , Traka Maria H. , Mills Robert D. , Ball Richard Y. , Mithen Richard F. 
Published: August 2019

ScopeObservational studies have associated consumption of cruciferous vegetables with reduced risk of prostate cancer. This effect has been associated with the degradation products of glucosinolates—thioglycosides that accumulate within crucifers. The possible role of S‐methyl cysteine sulfoxide, a metabolite that also accumulates in cruciferous vegetables, and its derivatives, in cancer prevention is relatively unexplored compared to glucosinolate derivatives. The hypothesis that consuming a broccoli soup results in the accumulation of sulfate (a SMCSO derivative) and other broccoli‐derived metabolites in prostate tissue is tested.Methods and resultsEighteen men scheduled for transperineal prostate biopsy were recruited into a 4‐week parallel single blinded diet supplementation study (NCT02821728). Nine men supplemented their diet with three 300 mL portions of a broccoli soup each week for four weeks prior to surgery. Analyses of prostate biopsy tissues reveal no detectable levels of glucosinolates and derivatives. In contrast, SMCSO is detected in prostate tissues of the participants, with significantly higher levels in tissue of men in the supplementation arm. SMCSO was also found in blood and urine samples from a previous intervention study with the identical broccoli soup.ConclusionThe consequences of SMCSO accumulation in prostate tissues and its potential role in prevention of prostate cancer remains to be investigated.
Toward predicting the evolution of lung tumors during radiotherapy observed on a longitudinal MR imaging study via a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Chuang , Rimner Andreas , Hu Yu‐Chi , Tyagi Neelam , Jiang Jue , Yorke Ellen , Riyahi Sadegh , Mageras Gig , Deasy Joseph O. , Zhang Pengpeng 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo predict the spatial and temporal trajectories of lung tumor during radiotherapy monitored under a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study via a deep learning algorithm for facilitating adaptive radiotherapy (ART).MethodsWe monitored 10 lung cancer patients by acquiring weekly MRI‐T2w scans over a course of radiotherapy. Under an ART workflow, we developed a predictive neural network (P‐net) to predict the spatial distributions of tumors in the coming weeks utilizing images acquired earlier in the course. The three‐step P‐net consisted of a convolutional neural network to extract relevant features of the tumor and its environment, followed by a recurrence neural network constructed with gated recurrent units to analyze trajectories of tumor evolution in response to radiotherapy, and finally an attention model to weight the importance of weekly observations and produce the predictions. The performance of P‐net was measured with Dice and root mean square surface distance (RMSSD) between the algorithm‐predicted and experts‐contoured tumors under a leave‐one‐out scheme.ResultsTumor shrinkage was 60% ± 27% (mean ± standard deviation) by the end of radiotherapy across nine patients. Using images from the first three weeks, P‐net predicted tumors on future weeks (4, 5, 6) with a Dice and RMSSD of (0.78 ± 0.22, 0.69 ± 0.24, 0.69 ± 0.26), and (2.1 ± 1.1 mm, 2.3 ± 0.8 mm, 2.6 ± 1.4 mm), respectively.ConclusionThe proposed deep learning algorithm can capture and predict spatial and temporal patterns of tumor regression in a longitudinal imaging study. It closely follows the clinical workflow, and could facilitate the decision‐making of ART. A prospective study including more patients is warranted.
Minimizing the risk of deducing wrong natural product structures from NMR data
Authors: Burns Darcy C. , Reynolds William F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere continues to be a disturbing number of natural products reported in the literature whose structures are incorrect. At least in part, this reflects the fact that many natural product chemists have limited formal nuclear magnetic resonance training. Gaps in training and lack of awareness regarding the challenges and ambiguities associated with two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data interpretation can easily lead to errors in structure elucidation. The purpose of this tutorial is to point out some of these issues, highlight the kinds of errors that have been made and provide specific advice on how to avoid these missteps such that the risk of reporting a wrong structure is minimized.