bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension Treatment and Control and Risk of Falls in Older Women
Authors: Margolis Karen L. , Buchner David M. , LaMonte Michael J. , Zhang Yuzheng , Di Chongzhi , Rillamas‐Sun Eileen , Hunt Julie , Ikramuddin Farha , Li Wenjun , Marshall Steve , Rosenberg Dori , Stefanick Marcia L. , Wallace Robert , LaCroix Andrea Z. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESA lower risk of falls is commonly cited as a reason to treat hypertension conservatively in older individuals. We examined the effect of hypertension treatment and control status and measured blood pressure (BP) level on the risk of falls in older women.DESIGN/SETTINGProspective cohort study.PARTICIPANTSA total of 5971 women (mean age 79 years; 50.4% white, 33.1% black, 16.5% Hispanic/Latina) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative and Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health study.MEASUREMENTSBP was measured by trained nurses, and hypertension treatment was assessed by medication inventory. Participants mailed in monthly calendars to self‐report falls for 1 year.RESULTSOverall, 70% of women had hypertension at baseline (53% treated and controlled, 12% treated and uncontrolled, 5% untreated). There were 2582 women (43%) who reported falls in the 1 year of surveillance. Compared with nonhypertensive women, when adjusted for fall risk factors and lower limb physical function, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for falls was 0.82 (confidence interval [CI] = 0.74‐0.92) in women with treated controlled hypertension (p = .0008) and 0.73 (CI = 0.62‐0.87) in women with treated uncontrolled hypertension (p = .0004). Neither measured systolic nor diastolic BP was associated with falls in the overall cohort. In women treated with antihypertensive medication, higher diastolic BP was associated with a lower risk of falls in a model adjusted for fall risk factors (IRR = 0.993 per mm Hg; 95% CI = 0.987‐1.000; p = .04). The only class of antihypertensive medication associated with an increased risk of falls compared with all other types of antihypertensive drugs was β‐blockers.CONCLUSIONWomen in this long‐term research study with treated hypertension had a lower risk of falls compared with nonhypertensive women. Diastolic BP (but not systolic BP) is weakly associated with fall risk in women on antihypertensive treatment (<1% decrease in risk per mm Hg increase). J Am Geriatr Soc, 2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:726–733, 2019.
Injury to hypothalamic Sim1 neurons is a common feature of obesity by exposure to high‐fat diet in male and female mice
Authors: Nyamugenda Eugene , Trentzsch Marcus , Russell Susan , Miles Tiffany , Boysen Gunnar , Phelan Kevin D. , Baldini Giulia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hypothalamus is essential for regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. Feeding hypercaloric, high‐fat (HF) diet induces hypothalamic arcuate nucleus injury and alters metabolism more severely in male than in female mice. The site(s) and extent of hypothalamic injury in male and female mice are not completely understood. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, single‐minded family basic helix‐loop helix transcription factor 1 (Sim1) neurons are essential to control energy homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to HF diet induces injury to Sim1 neurons in the PVN of male and female mice. Mice expressing membrane‐bound enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP) in Sim1 neurons (Sim1‐Cre:Rosa‐mEGFP mice) were generated to visualize the effects of exposure to HF diet on these neurons. Male and female Sim1‐Cre:Rosa‐mEGFP mice exposed to HF diet had increased weight, hyperleptinemia, and developed hepatosteatosis. In male and female mice exposed to HF diet, expression of mEGFP was reduced by > 40% in Sim1 neurons of the PVN, an effect paralleled by cell apoptosis and neuronal loss, but not by microgliosis. In the arcuate nucleus of the Sim1‐Cre:Rosa‐mEGFP male mice, there was decreased alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone in proopiomelanocortin neurons projecting to the PVN, with increased cell apoptosis, neuronal loss, and microgliosis. These defects were undetectable in the arcuate nucleus of female mice exposed to the HF diet. Thus, injury to Sim1 neurons of the PVN is a shared feature of exposure to HF diet in mice of both sexes, while injury to proopiomelanocortin neurons in arcuate nucleus is specific to male mice.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
image
PRESUMPTIVE TAXATION METHODS: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Bucci Valeria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews the empirical literature studying the effect of the introduction of presumptive taxation methods on taxpayers’ behavior. Although the concept of presumptive taxation entails numerous alternative methods to determine tax liabilities, I survey two main areas of the literature: indirect tax assessment methods and presumptive minimum taxes. The review investigates efficiency and equity implications of presumptive taxation methods. Conflicting conclusions emerge about the effectiveness of presumptive policy tools in achieving different goals, such as the increase of voluntary tax compliance, the growth of tax revenues, and the reduction of shadow economy and fiscal evasion.
RETRACTED: Comparison between 200, 400 and 600 microgram rectal misoprostol before cesarian section: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sweed Mohamed , El‐Said Mourad , Abou‐Gamrah Amgad , Ali Mohamad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimCompare the effectiveness of administration of different doses of rectal misoprostol before cesarean section to reduce intra‐ and postoperative blood loss.MethodsA double‐blind randomized clinical trial including 453 term pregnant woman scheduled for elective cesarean section where participants received either 200‐, 400‐ or 600‐μg misoprostol rectally before cesarean section. Study medications were administered after catheter insertion and shortly before skin incision. Primary outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss.ResultsThe intraoperative blood loss was higher in patients who received 200‐μg misoprostol (464.6 ± 143.1 mL) than those who received 400 or 600 μg, yet, no statistical difference was found between the 400‐ (359.3 ± 120.9 mL) and 600‐μg groups (330.8 ± 133.8 mL). The incidence of side effects as fever and chills increases with increasing the dose of misoprostol.ConclusionRectal administration of misoprostol for the prevention of post‐partum hemorrhage and decreasing intraoperative blood loss during caesarian section is a good alternative to other uterotonics. Yet, the best dose to be used needs further research to be agreed upon.
Responses of foraminifera communities to aquaculture‐derived organic enrichment as revealed by environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: He Xiaoping , Sutherland Terri F. , Pawlowski Jan , Abbott Cathryn L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent monitoring methods to assess benthic impacts of marine finfish aquaculture are based on complex biological indices and/or geochemistry data. The former requires benthic macrofauna morpho‐taxonomic characterization that is time‐ and cost‐intensive, while the latter provides rapid assessment of the organic enrichment status of sediments but does not directly measure biotic impacts. In this study, sediment samples were collected from seven stations at six salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada, and analyzed for geochemical parameters and by eDNA metabarcoding to investigate linkages between geochemistry and foraminifera. Sediment texture across farm sites ranged from sand to silty loam, while the maximum sediment pore‐water sulphide concentration at each site ranged from 1,000 to 13,000 μM. Foraminifera alpha diversity generally increased with distance from cage edge. Adonis analyses revealed that farm site explained the most variation in foraminifera community, followed by sediment type, enrichment status, and distance from cage edge. Farm‐specific responses were observed in diversity analyses, taxonomic difference analyses, and correlation analyses. Results demonstrated that species diversity and composition of foraminifera characterized by eDNA metabarcoding generated signals consistent with benthic biodiversity being impacted by finfish farming activities. This substantiates the validity of eDNA metabarcoding for augmenting current approaches to benthic impact assessments by providing more cost‐effective and practicable biotic measures than traditional morpho‐taxonomy. To capitalize on this potential, further work is needed to design a new nomogram that combines eDNA metabarcoding data and geochemistry data to enable accurate monitoring of benthic impacts of fish farming in a time‐ and cost‐efficient way.
Phenotyping Kariega × Avocet S doubled haploid lines containing individual and combined adult plant stripe rust resistance loci
Authors: Maree G. J. , Prins R. , Bender C. M. , Boshoff W. H. P. , Negussie T. G. , Pretorius Z. A. 
Published: January 2019

The bread wheat cultivar Kariega has maintained its stripe rust resistance since the first detection of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in South Africa during 1996. Doubled haploid mapping population (MP) lines derived from a Kariega × Avocet S cross, carrying consistently detected adult plant resistance (APR) quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/gene combinations, were phenotyped at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Field data obtained over four seasons revealed that MP lines carrying a combination of any two of the APR loci QYr.sgi‐2B.1, QYr.sgi‐4A.1 or Yr18 displayed low coefficients of infection. Lines MP 45 and MP 65, carrying all three gene regions, showed leaf area infected and host reaction type ratings similar to Kariega. The microphenotype of lines was studied in flag leaves sampled from field plots during two seasons using fluorescence microscopy. Pst colony length, number of haustorial mother cells per colony and hypersensitivity index supported the phenotypic data. All three microscopy variables attested to low levels of disease in lines containing multiple stripe rust resistance loci. Lines MP 51 and MP 223 with a single QYr.sgi‐2B.1 and Yr18, respectively, also showed adequate resistance, in contrast to lines carrying only QYr.sgi‐4A.1 which showed significantly more disease symptoms. Host cell necrosis and lignification were revealed as mechanisms of resistance in some lines.
In vitro evaluation of cryopreserved bovine sperm and its relation to field fertility in fixed‐time artificial insemination
Authors: Okano Denise S. , Penitente‐Filho Jurandy M. , Gomez León Victor E. , Maitan Paula P. , Silveira Camila O. , Waddington Bruna , Díaz‐Miranda Edgar A. , da Costa Eduardo P. , Guimarães Simone E. F. , Guimarães José D. 
Published: January 2019

ContentsThis study aimed to assess characteristics of bovine cryopreserved sperm and evaluate its relation to field fertility in fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI). Semen samples of 16 bulls were used to inseminate 811 Nellore cows, and four of these bulls were also used to inseminate 101 Nellore heifers. Samples of the same ejaculate used for FTAI from each bull were analysed in the laboratory after thawing. Sperm motility and vigour were subjectively assessed by light microscope, and integrity of the plasma and acrosome membranes, and H2O2 production were evaluated by flow cytometer. Relation among sperm characteristics and pregnancy rate of cows and heifers were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Subjective sperm motility and vigour did not affect the probability of pregnancy in cows or heifers. In univariate analysis for pregnancy in cows, sperm traits related to acrosome injury positively affected probability of pregnancy mainly when associated with plasma membrane integrity; H2O2 production seems to be less important than plasma membrane integrity in affecting probability of pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, sperm traits related to injured acrosome positively affected probability of cow and heifer pregnancies while intact acrosome was negatively related to cow pregnancy. Intact plasma membrane and high H2O2 production were positively related to cow pregnancy but negatively related to heifer pregnancy. Results suggest that a capacitation‐like status of the acrosome may benefit probability of pregnancy in cows.
Current hand hygiene education is suboptimal
Authors: Birnbach David J. , Rosen Lisa F. , Fitzpatrick Maureen , Arheart Kristopher L. , Everett‐Thomas Ruth 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundTo address the low levels of hand hygiene compliance (HHC) at our academic medical centre, we developed an annual patient safety course required for all incoming third‐year medical students. Based on previous observations of medical students, it was determined that hand hygiene (HH) would be a central component of the course.MethodsOver a 1‐year period (2015/16), we observed third‐ and fourth‐year medical students who had participated in the annual patient safety course entering three intensive care units (ICUs) at two teaching hospitals. A total of 150 medical students failed to perform HH on entry and were subsequently asked why they did not comply.ResultsOf the 150 medical students observed entering an ICU without performing HH, 74.7% were male and 25.3% were female. Males cited inadequate time (21.4%), lack of role models (10.7%) and provided incorrect information regarding HH requirements (58.9%). Females cited concerns about dry or cracked skin (34.2%) and forgetting (23.7%).DiscussionOur study demonstrates that even when medical students receive intensive HH education, compliance remains low. Of note, males and females offered different reasons for why they failed to perform HH. To address the suboptimal HHC, we developed an annual patient safety course required for all third‐year medical students immediately prior to beginning clinical rotations. In this study, we sought to understand why medical students’ HH remains suboptimal even after an intensive course.
Temporary end‐on colostomy as a treatment for anastomotic dehiscence after a transanal rectal pull‐through procedure in a dog
Authors: Cinti Filippo , Pisani Guido 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a temporary end‐on colostomy to treat the dehiscence of a transanal rectal pull‐through in a dog.Study designCase reportAnimalA 7‐year‐old intact female Australian shepherd dog that was treated for a rectal adenocarcinoma with a transanal rectal pull‐through.MethodsPartial dehiscence of the previous end‐to‐end colorectal anastomosis and formation of a perianal sinus tract were diagnosed 4 days after surgery. A pararectal approach was used to revise the surgery with debridement of the sinus tract, rectal wall reconstruction with single interrupted sutures, and placement of a passive drain. Dehiscence occurred 2 days later. The colon was transected cranial to the pelvic brim, and each stump was oversewn prior to salvage temporary end‐on colostomy. Postoperative care included analgesia, antibiotic therapy, and local care of the perineal/perianal area and colostomy site. After 90 days, the perineal/perianal sinus tract had healed, the colostomy was eliminated, and an end‐to‐end anastomosis of the colon was performed.ResultsManagement of postoperative complications focused on dermatitis of the stoma and perineal/perianal area, stoma incontinence, and perineal/perianal medications of the sinus tract. One year after the final surgery, the dog had occasional episodes of fecal incontinence and a good quality of life without other complications.ConclusionUse of a temporary end‐on colostomy prior to revision surgery led to a satisfactory outcome but required long and challenging postoperative management.Clinical significanceTemporary end‐on colostomy may be an option to manage dehiscence and potential recurrent stenosis after transanal rectal pull‐through in dogs.
Interplay between diet, exercise and the molecular circadian clock in orchestrating metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue
Authors: Dollet Lucile , Zierath Juleen R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDisruption of circadian rhythmicity induced by prolonged light exposure, altered sleep patterns and shift work is associated with the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. White and brown adipose tissue activity shows circadian rhythmicity, with daily variations in the regulation of metabolic processes such as lipolysis, glucose and lipid uptake, and adipokine secretion. The role of the circadian clock in the regulation of energy homeostasis has raised interest in clock‐related strategies to mitigate metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes, including ‘resynchronizing’ metabolism through diet or targeting a particular time of a day to potentiate the effect of a pharmacological or physiological treatment. Exercise is an effective intervention to prevent insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Beyond its effect on skeletal muscle, exercise training also has a profound effect on adipose tissue. Adipose tissue partly mediates the beneficial effect of exercise on glucose and energy homeostasis, via its metabolic and endocrine function. The interaction between zeitgeber time and diet or exercise is likely to influence the metabolic response of adipose tissue and therefore impact the whole‐body phenotype. Understanding the impact of circadian clock systems on human physiology and how this is regulated by exercise in a tissue‐specific manner will yield new insights for the management of metabolic disorders.
Validation of a Norwegian version of SURgical PAtient Safety System (SURPASS) in combination with the World Health Organizations’ Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC)
Authors: Storesund Anette , Haugen Arvid Steinar , Wæhle Hilde Valen , Mahesparan Rupavathana , Boermeester Marja A , Nortvedt Monica Wammen , Søfteland Eirik 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionSurgical safety checklists may contribute to reduction of complications and mortality. The WHO’s Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) could prevent incidents in operating theatres, but errors also occur before and after surgery. The SURgical PAtient Safety System (SURPASS) is designed to intercept errors with use of checklists throughout the surgical pathway.ObjectiveWe aimed to validate a Norwegian version of the SURPASS’ preoperative and postoperative checklists for use in combination with the already established Sign In, Time Out and Sign Out parts of the WHO SSC.Methods and materialsThe validation of the SURPASS checklists content followed WHOs recommended guidelines. The process consisted of six steps: forward translation; testing the content; focus groups; expert panels; back translation; and approval of the final version. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify codes and categories for adaption of the SURPASS checklist items throughout Norwegian surgical care. Content validity index (CVI) was used by expert panels to score the relevance of each checklist item. The study was carried out in a neurosurgical ward in a large tertiary teaching hospital in Norway.ResultsTesting the preoperative and postoperative SURPASS checklists was performed in 29 neurosurgical procedures. This involved all professional groups in the entire surgical patient care pathway. Eight clinical focus groups revealed two main categories: ‘Adapt the wording to fit clinical practice’ and ‘The checklist items challenge existing workflow’. Interprofessional scoring of the content validity of the checklists reached >80% for all the SURPASS checklists.ConclusionsThe first version of the SURPASS checklists combined with the WHO SSC was validated for use in Norwegian surgical care with face validity confirmed and CVI >0.80%.Trial registration numberNCT01872195.
Reproductive control by others: means, perpetrators and effects
Authors: Rowlands Sam , Walker Susan 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundReproductive control of women by others comprises a wide range of behaviours, from persuasion to pressure such as emotional blackmail, societal or family expectations, through to threats of or actual physical violence. It is defined as behaviours that interfere with women’s reproductive autonomy as well as any actions that pressurise or coerce a woman into initiating or terminating a pregnancyMethodNarrative review based on a search of medical and social science literature.ResultsReproductive control by others includes control or coercion over decisions about becoming pregnant and also about continuing or terminating a pregnancy. It can be carried out by intimate partners, the wider family, or as part of criminal behaviour. One form is contraceptive sabotage, which invalidates the consent given to sex. Contraceptive sabotage includes the newly-described behaviour of ‘stealthing’: the covert removal of a condom during sex. Reproductive control by others is separate from intimate partner violence but there are similarities and the phenomena overlap. Reproductive control by others is reported by as many as one quarter of women attending sexual and reproductive healthcare services. Those treating such women should be familiar with the concept and how to ameliorate its effects. Screening questions for its detection have been developed as well as interventions to reduce its risk.ConclusionsReproductive control by others is common and those working in women’s health should be familiar with the concept and with screening tools used to detect it.
Archean granitoids of the Bastar Craton, Central India
Authors: Mondal M. E. A. , Hussain M. Faruque , Ahmad Talat 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Archean granitoids of the Bastar Craton mainly occur as gneisses (3.56, 3.50 Ga) and undeformed granitoids (
c.
2.5–2.48 Ga). Based on detailed geochemical characteristics two compositional types of gneisses: tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) and transitional TTG (t-TTG) have been identified. The TTG rocks are further classified into low-HREE (heavy rare earth element) type and high-HREE type. It is proposed that melting of a thick enriched oceanic plateau basalt at deeper level may have generated the low-HREE TTG, whereas melting at shallower depth of the thick plateau can explain the geochemical signatures of the high-HREE TTG. The t-TTG was formed as a result of reworking of the older TTG crust. These two gneisses were probably formed at different time at 3.56 and 3.50 Ga as manifested from the age of the gneisses. The granitoids were formed at a later stage (
c.
2.5–2.48 Ga) by reworking of the pre-existing gneissic crust consisting of TTG and t-TTG. Presence of a small 3.58 Ga undeformed K-rich granitoid from the northern part of the craton might indicate yet another earlier crustal reworking event.