bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving the needle towards health equity: A policy-driven transdisciplinary approach to address health disparities for vulnerable communities
Authors: Reddy Swapna , Paode Pooja , Speer Matthew , Semenchuk Nicholas , Goble Kyle , White Adrienne 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Policymakers, health services researchers, community leaders and health care delivery organisations are key stakeholders in addressing economic, environmental, social and systemic barriers to health equity in vulnerable communities. However, they often operate in silos, leaving gaps in efforts to effectively address health disparities. It is important to develop a new approach to influencing responsive health equity–focused policies. Design: An innovative, collaborative model is outlined that leverages strengths across these four stakeholders to reduce inequity in target populations. The model brings together undergraduate and graduate student researchers in a front-end policy partnership with elected officials based on mutually agreed-upon commitment to address local health disparities impacting the policymaker’s constituency. Setting: Students and faculty at Arizona State University partnered with the office of a Phoenix City Council member representing a constituency largely comprised of low-income and Hispanic community members. Method: Relationships were developed with the policymaker specifically targeting food insecurity and paediatric asthma. Graduate student researchers conducted academic placements within the elected official’s office, attended relevant municipal meetings, engaged with local community-based organisations and partnered with a major academic medical centre to collect data and understand current efforts related to the two focus areas. Results: Elected officials were provided with a policymaker-tailored toolkit including a current state analysis, stakeholder assessment and recommendations for action. Collective discussion took place concerning the strengths and limitations of stakeholders’ ability to improve population health and present findings from the model’s first application to local government. Conclusion: By ensuring ‘buy-in’ from policymakers at the onset of collaboration, stakeholders worked as a transdisciplinary team to translate academic research into actionable policy to benefit high-need communities. This model adopted can potentially accelerate and improve the development and implementation of actionable policies, thereby increasing social capital and building relationships with policymakers to address the root causes of health inequities.
Drug Use During Pregnancy Policies in the United States From 1970 to 2016
Authors: Thomas Sue , Treffers Ryan , Berglas Nancy F. , Drabble Laurie , Roberts Sarah C. M. 
Published: August 2018

As U.S. states legalize marijuana and as governmental attention is paid to the “opioid crisis,” state policies pertaining to drug use during pregnancy are increasingly important. Little is known about the scope of state policies targeting drug use during pregnancy, how they have evolved, and how they compare to alcohol use during pregnancy policies. Method: Our 46-year original data set of statutes and regulations in U.S. states covers the entirety of state-level legislation in this policy domain. Data were obtained through original legal research and from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s Alcohol Policy Information System. Policies were analyzed individually as well as by classification as punitive toward or supportive of women. Results: The number of states with drug use during pregnancy policies has increased from 1 in 1974 to 43 in 2016. Policies started as punitive. By the mid- to late 1980s, supportive policies emerged, and mixed policy environments dominated in the 2000s. Overall, drug/pregnancy policy environments have become less supportive over time. Comparisons of drug laws to alcohol laws show that the policy trajectories started in opposite directions, but by 2016, the results were the same: Punitive policies were more prevalent than supportive policies across states. Moreover, there is a great deal of overlap between drug use during pregnancy policies and alcohol/pregnancy policies. Conclusion: This study breaks new ground. More studies are needed that explore the effects of these policies on alcohol and other drug use by pregnant women and on birth outcomes.
Understanding Outsourcing and Subcontracting: An Approach from the Theory of Surplus Value
Authors: Rodríguez Miglio Martín 
Published: August 2018

A critical analysis of outsourcing studies dating from the mid-1980s to the present lays the groundwork for a new understanding of its rationale. Relying on the idea of production in contemporary capitalism as involving both labor and valorization processes, this approach explains outsourcing as arising from the requirements of capitalist accumulation. Un análisis crítico de los estudios de tercerización que datan de mediados de la década de 1980 hasta el presente sienta las bases para una nueva comprensión de su lógica. Basado en la idea de que la producción en el capitalismo contemporáneo involucra procesos tanto de trabajo como de valorización, este enfoque explica que la subcontratación surge de los requerimientos de la acumulación capitalista.
A randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of different beverages consumed alongside a nitrate-rich meal on systemic blood pressure
Authors: McDonagh Sinead TJ , Wylie Lee J , Morgan Paul T , Vanhatalo Anni , Jones Andrew M 
Published: August 2018

Background: Ingestion of nitrate (NO3-)-containing vegetables, alcohol and polyphenols, separately, can reduce blood pressure (BP). However, the pharmacokinetic response to the combined ingestion of NO3- and polyphenol-rich or low polyphenol alcoholic beverages is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how the consumption of low and high polyphenolic alcoholic beverages combined with a NO3--rich meal can influence NO3- metabolism and systemic BP. Methods: In a randomised, crossover trial, 12 normotensive males (age 25 ± 5 years) ingested an acute dose of NO3- (∼6.05 mmol) in the form of a green leafy salad, in combination with either a polyphenol-rich red wine (NIT-RW), a low polyphenol alcoholic beverage (vodka; NIT-A) or water (NIT-CON). Participants also consumed a low NO3- salad and water as a control (CON; ∼0.69 mmol NO3-). BP and plasma, salivary and urinary [NO3-] and nitrite ([NO2-]) were determined before and up to 5 h post ingestion. Results: Each NO3--rich condition elevated nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers when compared with CON ( P < 0.05). The peak rise in plasma [NO2-] occurred 1 h after NIT-RW (292 ± 210 nM) and 2 h after NIT-A (318 ± 186 nM) and NIT-CON (367 ± 179 nM). Systolic BP was reduced 2 h post consumption of NIT-RW (-4 mmHg), NIT-A (-3 mmHg) and NIT-CON (-2 mmHg) compared with CON ( P < 0.05). Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure were also lower in NIT-RW and NIT-A compared with NIT-CON ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: A NO3--rich meal, consumed with or without an alcoholic beverage, increases plasma [NO2-] and lowers systemic BP for 2–3 h post ingestion.
Prevalence of low-calorie sweetener intake in South Asian adults
Authors: Jin Yichen , Sylvetsky Allison C , Kandula Namratha R , Kanaya Alka M , Talegawkar Sameera A 
Published: August 2018

Background: Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) has increased in the US and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. No data exist on LCS consumption in South Asians. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of LCS use across socio-demographic characteristics, chronic disease status, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study ( N = 892; 47% women; mean age = 55 (standard deviation = 9.4) y). Chi-squared and ANOVA tests were used to compare LCS consumption across socio-demographic characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Twenty-two percent of participants reported LCS use, with higher consumption among men and those with longer residency in the US. LCS use was associated with adiposity and higher odds of hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Conclusions: LCS use is prevalent among South Asians, emphasizing the need for long-term, prospective studies to investigate its role in incident cardiometabolic risk in an already metabolically vulnerable population.
Correlates of recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men recruited through the internet in Huzhou City, Eastern China
Authors: Yang Zhongrong , Li Jing , Dong Zhengquan , Wu Nanping , Jin Meihua 
Published: August 2018

Objective To identify factors associated with recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Huzhou City, Eastern China, who seek sexual partners via the internet. Methods Adult members of Tencent QQ instant messaging software, who completed a face-to-face interview questionnaire and serological HIV testing at baseline, were enrolled into this prospective cohort study. Questionnaires and serological testing were also completed at 6 and 12 months. Cox proportional hazards was used for initial bivariate analyses of differences between participants with or without recent HIV infection, and for subsequent forward stepwise multiple regression of statistically significant variables. Results Out of 415 baseline participants, 283 completed the 12-month follow-up (25 with recent HIV infection and 258 without; recent HIV infection rate, 8.20 per 100 person-years). Recent HIV infection was shown to be significantly associated with ≤ high school education (versus college/university), registered residence outside Huzhou City (versus within Huzhou City), having ≥ two male sexual partners, and syphilis infection. Conclusions Improving education levels, treating syphilis promptly, and reducing the number of male sexual partners may reduce HIV transmission among MSM in Eastern China.
A case report of isolated orbital vasculitis mimicking retinal migraine: A potential cause of recurrent transient monocular blindness and ipsilateral headache
Authors: Park Ji-Hyung , Park Kyung-Ah , Cha Jihoon , Kim Sung Tae , Chung Chin-Sang , Lee Mi Ji 
Published: August 2018

Background Retinal migraine is an important differential diagnosis of recurrent transient monocular blindness accompanied by headache when other etiologies are excluded. Here, we report a case of orbital vasculitis which initially mimicked retinal migraine. Case report A 47-year-old woman had recurrent episodes of fully reversible transient monocular blindness accompanied by ipsilateral headache for 15 months. The patient’s neuroimaging and cardiac and ophthalmologic evaluations were normal. With a diagnosis of retinal migraine, her symptoms remitted in response to prophylactic treatment with topiramate and propranolol for 8 months. Three months after discontinuation of medications, transient monocular blindness recurred. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancement of the ipsilateral orbital vessels. Isolated orbital vasculitis was diagnosed. Complete remission of transient monocular blindness was achieved after steroid pulse therapy. Discussion Isolated orbital vasculitis should be considered in differential diagnosis of recurrent transient monocular blindness and ipsilateral headache. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful for the diagnosis.
Ten-Year Risk Factors for Inferior Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Study of 874 Patients From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register
Authors: Hamrin Senorski Eric , Svantesson Eleonor , Spindler Kurt P. , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Sundemo David , Westin Olaf , Karlsson Jon , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: August 2018

Background: Factors relating to the patient and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may help to identify prognostic factors of long-term outcome after reconstruction. Purpose: To determine 10-year risk factors for inferior knee function after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Prospectively collected data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register were extracted for patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2005 and December 2006. Patients who had no data at the 10-year follow-up for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were excluded. Multivariable proportional odds regression modeling was used to assess 10-year patient- and surgery-related risk factors across all the KOOS subscales and the KOOS4 (mean score of 4 subscales: pain, knee-related symptoms, function in sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life). Results: A total of 874 (41%) patients were included (male, 51.5%; median age at the time of ACL reconstruction, 27.5 years [range, 11.2-61.5 years]). An increase in the severity of concomitant articular cartilage injuries resulted in a reduced KOOS on 4 subscales (odds ratio, 0.64-0.80; P < .05). A higher preoperative KOOS pain score increased the odds of a higher score on the pain, symptoms, and sport subscales and the KOOS4. In addition, a higher preoperative body mass index was a significant risk factor for lower scores on 3 KOOS subscales and the KOOS4. No patient- or surgery-related predictor was significant across all KOOS subscales. Conclusion: This 10-year risk factor analysis identified several factors that can affect long-term knee function after ACL reconstruction. Most risk factors were related to preoperative patient-reported outcome and potentially modifiable. On the other hand, most of the surgery-related risk factors were nonmodifiable. Nevertheless, this information may be helpful to physicians and physical therapists counseling patients on their expectations of outcome after ACL reconstruction.
Pharmacist Perception of a Mobile Application Audience Response System for Remote Pharmacy Continuing Education Participants
Authors: Koval Peter G. , Kim Jennifer J. , Makhlouf Tanya 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Interactive audience response during continuing education (CE) in pharmacy practice increases audience involvement. However, remote-site participants may not have access to interactive technology. This study explores the perceptions of a mobile application audience response system (ARS) by remote pharmacy CE participants. Secondarily, we evaluatedinterest in continued use of ARS, as well as willingness to use as an assessment tool for CE effectiveness. Methods: Pharmacists participating in CE sessions remotely within a health system were provided a unique ARS session code to enter into a free mobile application. Participants then responded to ARS presentation questions. An online survey link was e-mailed to all potential remote participants inquiring about perceptions of ARS use. Results: Of the 52 potential remote users, 28 (53.8%) responded to the survey. The top 3 positive responses included the availability of free software (71.4%), anonymity (57.1%), and ease of use (53.6%). Top 2 barriers included slowing the process down (14.3%) and requiring the use of application software (14.3%). Discussion: Interactive software during pharmacy CE lectures for participants at remote locations within a health system was well accepted. ARS should be considered and further studied for CE lectures at institutions with remote participants.
Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2017
Authors: Skoglund Erik W. , Dotson Kierra M. , Dempsey Casey J. , Su Christy P. , Foolad Farnaz , Janak Chase , Sofjan Amelia K. , Phe Kady 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The most significant peer-reviewed articles pertaining to infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy, as selected by panels of ID pharmacists, are summarized. Summary: Members of the Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) were asked to nominate peer-reviewed articles that they believed most contributed to the practice of ID pharmacotherapy in 2017, including the areas of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A list of 33 articles related to general ID pharmacotherapy and 4 articles related to HIV/AIDS was compiled. A survey was distributed to members of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) for the purpose of selecting 10 articles believed to have made the most significant impact on general ID pharmacotherapy and the single significant publication related to HIV/AIDS. Of 524 SIDP members who responded, 221 (42%) and 95 (18%) members voted for general pharmacotherapy- and HIV/AIDS-related articles, respectively. The highest ranked articles are summarized below. Conclusion: Remaining informed on the most significant ID-related publications is a challenge when considering the large number of ID-related articles published annually. This review of significant publications in 2017 may aid in that effort.
The effectiveness of modified basic life support module on knowledge, attitude, and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students
Authors: Wan Jusoh Azizul Fadzli , Yahaya Rosliza , Nik Him Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin , Nik Mohamed Nik Arif , Zahary Mohd Nizam , Wan Ibrahim Wan Pauzi 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a primary method used in the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest. It is a crucial skill that a healthcare provider and a lay rescuer should acquire to improve the survival and the neurological outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Several modules were used to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the healthcare provider and lay rescuer, but no module been developed that could be utilised in both population. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of modified cardiopulmonary resuscitation training to knowledge (K), attitude (A), and performance (P) between medical and non-medical university students. Methods: This research was a single experimental study involving a total number of 125 students: 58 for a medical group and 67 for a non-medical group. A modified basic life support module, based on American Heart Association guideline 2015 was delivered to both groups under the same study setting. Pre and post KA scores were assessed using Res-Q questionnaire. The performance was evaluated by resuscitation feedback machine. The KA scores were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance, and performance was examined using Pearson chi-square. Results: The study showed 64.8% of the participants were able to perform high-quality chest compression. Despite significant differences of sociodemographic background, there was no significant difference on effective chest compression between two groups (p = 0.200). There were also significant improvements in KA scores in both groups after intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be delivered to everyone as aspired by our stakeholder to have one qualified cardiopulmonary resuscitation provider in a family. This modified basic life support module is reliably applicable to both healthcare and lay rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. All rescuers will perform in a similar manner, and this will tremendously reduce the discrepancy in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation qualities. Ultimately, this will improve an out-of-hospital return of spontaneous circulation rate.
Facial Growth of Patients With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With Alveolar Bone Grafting at 6 Years
Authors: Doucet Jean-Charles , Russell Kathleen A. , Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana M. , Emanuele Nicholas , James Lindsay , Hathaway Ronald R. , Long Ross E. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To investigate the effect that alveolar bone grafting (ABG) around 6 years of age has on facial growth by assessing craniofacial growth outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: North American cleft centers. Participants: A total of 33 children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated with secondary ABG around 6 years of age were compared to 148 participants from 4 centers with late secondary ABG. Methods: Preorthodontic standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed and traced according to the Americleft Study protocol. Sixteen angular and 2 proportional measurements were performed. The outcomes of all ABG were assessed using the Standardized Way to Assess Graft scale. Measurement means from the study center (SC) were compared to 4 North American centers using analysis of variance and Welch modified t tests, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For the SC, the mean age (SD) at the time of bone graft was 5.85 (0.71) years and the mean age at the time of the lateral cephalogram was 13.4 (1.8) years. The sagittal maxillary prominence of the SC was comparable to the 4 other centers. The mean SNA (78.1 [4.3]) for the SC was significantly higher compared to one center that used primary bone grafting ( P = .03). The soft tissue mean ANB (3.52 [4.09]) for the SC was significantly lower compared to 3 of the centers. Conclusions: Early secondary ABG around 6 years of age did not result in reduced midface projection as assessed by SNA and thus did not compromise anterior maxillary growth.
Characterization of Factors Affecting the Detection Limit of EGFR p.T790M in Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Fahoum Ibrahim , Forer Relly , Volodarsky Dina , Vulih Inna , Bick Tova , Sarji Shada , Bamberger Zeev , Ben-Izhak Ofer , Sabo Edmond , Hershberg Ruth , Hershkovitz Dov 
Published: August 2018

Objective: Circulating tumor DNA is a promising noninvasive tool for cancer monitoring. One of the challenges in applying this tool is the detection of low-frequency mutations. The detection limit of these mutations varies between different molecular methods. The aim of this study is to characterize the factors affecting the limit of detection for epidermal growth factor receptor p.T790M mutation in circulating tumor DNA of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: DNA was extracted from plasma samples of 102 patients. For sequencing the DNA, we used 2 different next-generation sequencing–based platforms: Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (56 cases) and Roche/454 (46 cases). Serially diluted synthetic DNA samples carrying the p.T790M mutation were sequenced using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine for validation. Limit of detection was determined through the analysis of non-hot-spot nonreference reads, which were regarded as sequencing artifacts. Results: The frequency of the non-hot-spot nonreference reads was higher in Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine compared to Roche/454 (0.07% ± 0.08% and 0.03% ± 0.06%, respectively, P < .001). We found that different base type substitutions occur with different frequency. Since the base substitution leading to p.T790M mutation is C>T transition, its frequency was used to determine the limit of detection for the assay. Based on the C>T non-hot-spot nonreference allele frequency, we found that the limit of detection is 0.18% in Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and 0.1% in Roche/454. Based on these values, 48% and 56% of the cases were positive for T790M mutation in Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and Roche/454 groups, respectively. Agreement between duplicates was 76% in Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and 72% in Roche/454. Using serially diluted synthetic DNA samples carrying the p.T790M mutation, we could identify mutations with allele frequency of 0.18% or more using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine, supporting our approach to determine the detection limit. Conclusion: Both the sequencing platform and the specific nucleotide change affect the limit of detection and should therefore be determined in the validation process of new assays.