bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering African contestation and innovation in global politics: Francis Deng and sovereignty-as-responsibility
Authors: Mares Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAgainst both liberal narratives and postcolonial critiques, this article argues that sovereignty-as-responsibility – the theory of sovereignty embraced in the responsibility to protect (R2P) – is part of a problem space that emerged with decolonization, rather than the end of the Cold War. The internally displaced person (IDP), the vehicle which Francis Deng used to critique Westphalian sovereignty, had to be theorized against the rise of the postcolonial state. In recovering the questions motivating Deng, we find a stark politics driving his work on IDPs and sovereignty. Against the claim that the heart of R2P is armed coercive intervention for humanitarian purposes, Deng used sovereignty-as-responsibility to promote a profoundly political critique of the colonial legacy and the postcolonial state, which was taken up by states of the Global South in debates on the ratification of R2P. Recovering Deng's work on IDPs and sovereignty-as-responsibility highlights R2P as itself a site of contestation, and offers a case for how ideas emerge ‘from below’ in global politics.
A dual-band microwave sensor for liquid permittivity characterization based on multiple complementary split-ring resonators
Authors: Xiao Hong , Yan Sen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a dual-band planar microwave sensor to characterize the permittivity of liquid samples. The sensor utilizes a splitter–combiner microstrip segment loaded with two pairs of triangular-shaped complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). By integrating a meander slot into the CSRRs and incorporating inter-resonator coupling between the CSRRs, the proposed sensor achieves enhanced frequency shifts, resulting in improved sensitivity. An adulteration detection experiment is conducted to validate the sensor’s performance by mixing mineral oil into castor oil with a polydimethylsiloxane container placed on the sensing area. The variations in resonant frequency and peak attenuation are employed to extract the permittivity of the loaded liquid sample. The peak sensitivities in determining the real permittivity are measured to be 6.34% and 5.7% for the first and second frequency bands, respectively. The measured errors for extracting the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity are approximately 3.95% and 7.47% for the first frequency band and 3.67% and 6.28% for the second frequency band, respectively. The proposed dual-band microwave sensor, with its high sensitivity, compact size, small sample volume, and low cost, demonstrates great potential for applications in the quality monitoring of agricultural and industrial products.
(Mis)perception in Social Mobility: Optimistic Bias for Personal (but not Societal) Mobility Beliefs
Authors: Matamoros-Lima Juan , Willis Guillermo Byrd , Navarro-Carrillo Ginés , Moya Miguel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cognitive biases affect how people perceive social class mobility. Previous studies suggest that people find it difficult to estimate actual economic social mobility accurately. These results have also noted differences between regions. While in the United States people overestimate actual economic social mobility, in Europe people tend to underestimate it. Across two independent cross-sectional studies, we examined whether cognitive biases operate in the Spanish context and, if so, whether they depend on the type of social mobility. In Study 1 (N = 480), we tested whether people in Spain have an accurate estimation of actual upward economic societal mobility. The results showed that people in Spain have a pessimistic view of upward societal mobility. In Study 2 (N = 274), we analyzed whether people in Spain are more or less optimistic according to the type of social mobility: Personal vs. societal. We found that Spaniards are more optimistic when estimating their own mobility (i.e., personal mobility) than when estimating the mobility of the Spanish society (i.e., societal mobility). Contrary to our predictions, we found that meritocratic beliefs do not play a relevant role in determining any type of social mobility. These results extend previous research on social mobility and its psychosocial consequences. Furthermore, they are well aligned with a new psychosocial perspective suggesting that social mobility is a multidimensional construct. We also discussed the psychosocial implications of this optimistic bias for personal mobility.
Searching for consistent postemergence weed control in progressively inconsistent weather
Authors: Landau Christopher , Bradley Kevin , Burns Erin , Dobbels Anthony , Essman Alyssa , Flessner Michael , Gage Karla , Hager Aaron , Jhala Amit , Johnson Paul O , Johnson William , Lancaster Sarah , Lingenfelter Dwight , Loux Mark , Miller Eric , Owen Micheal , Sarangi Debalin , Sikkema Peter , Sprague Christy , VanGessel Mark , Werle Rodrigo , Young Bryan , Williams Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Foliar-applied postemergence herbicides are a critical component of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] weed management programs in North America. Rainfall and air temperature around the time of application may affect the efficacy of herbicides applied postemergence in corn or soybean production fields. However, previous research utilized a limited number of site-years and may not capture the range of rainfall and air temperatures that these herbicides are exposed to throughout North America. The objective of this research was to model the probability of achieving successful weed control (≥85%) with commonly applied postemergence herbicides across a broad range of environments. A large database of more than 10,000 individual herbicide evaluation field trials conducted throughout North America was used in this study. The database was filtered to include only trials with a single postemergence application of fomesafen, glyphosate, mesotrione, or fomesafen + glyphosate. Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) were the weeds of focus. Separate random forest models were created for each weed species by herbicide combination. The probability of successful weed control deteriorated when the average air temperature within the first 10 d after application was <19 or >25 C for most of the herbicide by weed species models. Additionally, drier conditions before postemergence herbicide application reduced the probability of successful control for several of the herbicide by weed species models. As air temperatures increase and rainfall becomes more variable, weed control with many of the commonly used postemergence herbicides is likely to become less reliable.
Carbon Mineralization in Fractured Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks: A Review
Authors: Nisbet H. , Buscarnera G. , Carey J. W. , Chen M. A. , Detournay E. , Huang H. , Hyman J. D. , Kang P. K. , Kang Q. , Labuz J. F. , Li W. , Matter J. , Neil C. W. , Srinivasan G. , Sweeney M. R. , Voller V. R. , Yang W. , Yang Y. , Viswanathan H. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMineral carbon storage in mafic and ultramafic rock masses has the potential to be an effective and permanent mechanism to reduce anthropogenic CO2. Several successful pilot‐scale projects have been carried out in basaltic rock (e.g., CarbFix, Wallula), demonstrating the potential for rapid CO2 sequestration. However, these tests have been limited to the injection of small quantities of CO2. Thus, the longevity and feasibility of long‐term, large‐scale mineralization operations to store the levels of CO2 needed to address the present climate crisis is unknown. Moreover, CO2 mineralization in ultramafic rocks, which tend to be more reactive but less permeable, has not yet been quantified. In these systems, fractures are expected to play a crucial role in the flow and reaction of CO2 within the rock mass and will influence the CO2 storage potential of the system. Therefore, consideration of fractures is imperative to the prediction of CO2 mineralization at a specific storage site. In this review, we highlight key takeaways, successes, and shortcomings of CO2 mineralization pilot tests that have been completed and are currently underway. Laboratory experiments, directed toward understanding the complex geochemical and geomechanical reactions that occur during CO2 mineralization in fractures, are also discussed. Experimental studies and their applicability to field sites are limited in time and scale. Many modeling techniques can be applied to bridge these limitations. We highlight current modeling advances and their potential applications for predicting CO2 mineralization in mafic and ultramafic rocks.
Influence of Grain Size Evolution on Mantle Plume and LLSVP Dynamics
Authors: Liu Yusen , Yang Ting , Wang Kai , Wang Xiong , Li Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent seismic tomography models suggest large‐radius primary plumes originating from the core‐mantle boundary, with grain size variations potentially explaining these observations. Additionally, grain size variations are thought to enhance the long‐term stability of Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), identified as thermochemical piles near the core‐mantle boundary. Nevertheless, geodynamic models investigating these hypotheses remain limited. To address this gap, we constructed a series of geodynamic numerical models incorporating grain size evolution, plate tectonics, and the spontaneous generation of deep mantle plumes above LLSVPs. Our results reveal that grain size evolution does not significantly affect the plume width, primarily because the increased strain rate in the mantle plume suppresses both its grain size and viscosity. The region adjacent to the plumes, characterized by the accumulation of mantle materials with larger grain size and low‐temperature remnants of subducted slabs, displays a higher viscosity compared to the area near the subducted slabs. Furthermore, grain size evolution plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability of LLSVPs by increasing the viscosity ratio between LLSVPs and the ambient mantle. These findings underscore the need for incorporating grain size evolution in geodynamic models to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of plumes and lower mantle.
Solar Activity Effects on the Near‐Earth Space Regions During the Descending Phase of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: He Zhaohai , Xu Jiyao , Dai Lei , Duan Suping , Gao Hong , Wang Guojun , Roth Ilan , Wang Chi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe solar cycle includes multi‐scale variations in the near‐Earth space regions including plasmasphere, inner radiation belt (IRB), ionosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). We present a thorough analysis of the extent of solar cycle effect on those four regions by using mesospheric and thermospheric geopotential height and temperature from SABER on TIMED, ionospheric hmF2 from Chinese Meridian Project, high‐energy protons in IRB and electron density in plasmasphere from Van Allen Probes within 2013–2018 intervals. By analyzing evolutions of these quantities, we find that entire IRB, ionosphere and MLT region shrink at solar minimum and stretch at solar maximum by ∼103, 50–102, and 1 km scales, respectively, while plasmapause shows an opposite trend. Fourier spectra of these quantities have been investigated by Lomb–Scargle periodogram. The mid‐term periodic oscillations (13.5‐day, 45‐day, and 52‐day) have been observed in MLT region, matching well with plasmapause locations and geomagnetic indices, which have not been observed in solar EUV radiation and IRB. This may indicate that those oscillations facilitate energy exchange and mass transportation between MLT region and plasmasphere due to magnetic storms and substorms. The oscillation periods of higher energy (102.6 MeV) in IRB have not been observed in MLT region except for annual variations. The impact of higher energy protons on MLT regions may not be significant, although they could penetrate deeper into MLT region. Our results reveal relationships between some quantities and solar cycle multi‐scale modulation, which may provide assistance and monitors for mass transportation in the near‐Earth space regions.
Calculation and Evaluation of Neutral Winds in the Lower Thermosphere Based on SYISR Observations
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yue Xinan , Wang Junyi , Cai Yihui , Hu Lianhuan , Yu You , Zhou Xu , Ding Feng , Li Mingyuan , Ning Baiqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn algorithm for obtaining ion vector velocities and neutral winds in the lower thermosphere (100–150 km) was applied to the Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR; located at 18.3°N, 109.6°E) for the first time. The observational experiment transmitted alternating code pulses with a code width of 20 μs. The ion vector velocities and neutral winds were derived from multiple‐beam line‐of‐sight ion velocities. To verify the reliability, we first analyzed the variations and errors of the ion vector velocity and the neutral wind at different time scales. Then, we used an empirical model (HWM) and a theoretical model (NCAR‐TIEGCM) for comparison. Both comparisons exhibited good consistency in terms of neutral wind velocity. Furthermore, we compared the SYISR neutral winds with the meteor radar and ICON/MIGHTI winds. The zonal (meridional) wind speeds of the meteor radar and SYISR are 24.95 m/s (13.95 m/s) and 20.68 m/s (16.85 m/s), respectively, at 6:30 LT at 100 km. The amplitudes and phases of the tides derived from the SYISR data are in accordance with those of the meteor radar. The ICON/MIGHTI and SYISR showed consistencies in terms of the wind velocity when ignoring interannual variation.
YTHDF1 boosts the lactate accumulation to potentiate cervical cancer cells immune escape
Authors: Xiong Jing , He Ling , Chai Xiaoshan , Zhang Yongjing , Sun Shujuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLactate is a major metabolic product of tumor cells in microenvironment. Increasing evidence has indicated that lactate accumulation could alter the immune response in human cancers, including cervical cancer. However, the function and significance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDF1 in cervical cancer cells’ lactate metabolism and immunotherapy remain obscure. Results illustrated that YTHDF1 predicted unfavorable clinical outcomes of cervical cancer, which was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. In the co-culture of tumor cells with CD8+ T cells, YTHDF1 overexpression promoted the lactate accumulation and attenuated the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell’s killing effect. Correspondingly, YTHDF1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 targeted the m6A site on SLC16A1 gene (MCT1) to determine its fate. YTHDF1 upregulated MCT1 expression by enhancing MCT1 stability mediated by m6A-modified manner. Collectively, our results revealed an oncogenic role played by YTHDF1 in cervical cancer through m6A/MCT1-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings unveil the immune escape-promoting effect of YTHDF1 in cervical cancer by boosting the lactate accumulation, which might illuminate a novel target for more precise immunotherapy.
New insights into crosstalk between Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis in lung disease
Authors: Chen Yonghu , Jiang Zhe , Li Xuezheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a distinctive process of cellular demise that is linked to amino acid metabolism, lipid oxidation, and iron oxidation. The ferroptosis cascade genes, which are closely associated with the onset of lung diseases, are among the regulatory targets of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although the regulation of ferroptosis is mostly mediated by Nrf2, the precise roles and underlying regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and Nrf2 in lung illness remain unclear. This review provides new insights from recent discoveries involving the modulation of Nrf2 and ferroptosis in a range of lung diseases. It also systematically describes regulatory mechanisms involving lipid peroxidation, intracellular antioxidant levels, ubiquitination of Nrf2, and expression of FSP1 and GPX4. Finally, it summarises active ingredients and drugs with potential for the treatment of lung diseases. With the overarching aim of expediting improvements in treatment, this review provides a reference for novel therapeutic mechanisms and offers suggestions for the development of new medications for a variety of lung disorders.
Artificial intelligence in assessing progression of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Frank-Publig Sophie , Birner Klaudia , Riedl Sophie , Reiter Gregor S. , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The human population is steadily growing with increased life expectancy, impacting the prevalence of age-dependent diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Health care systems are confronted with an increasing burden with rising patient numbers accompanied by ongoing developments of therapeutic approaches. Concurrent advances in imaging modalities provide eye care professionals with a large amount of data for each patient. Furthermore, with continuous progress in therapeutics, there is an unmet need for reliable structural and functional biomarkers in clinical trials and practice to optimize personalized patient care and evaluate individual responses to treatment. A fast and objective solution is Artificial intelligence (AI), which has revolutionized assessment of AMD in all disease stages. Reliable and validated AI-algorithms can aid to overcome the growing number of patients, visits and necessary treatments as well as maximize the benefits of multimodal imaging in clinical trials. Therefore, there are ongoing efforts to develop and validate automated algorithms to unlock more information from datasets allowing automated assessment of disease activity and disease progression. This review aims to present selected AI algorithms, their development, applications and challenges regarding assessment and prediction of AMD progression.
Rational strategies for improving the efficiency of design and discovery of nanomedicines
Authors: Shan Xiaoting , Cai Ying , Zhu Binyu , Zhou Lingli , Sun Xujie , Xu Xiaoxuan , Yin Qi , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rise of rational strategies in nanomedicine development, such as high-throughput methods and computer-aided techniques, has led to a shift in the design and discovery patterns of nanomedicines from a trial-and-error mode to a rational mode. This transition facilitates the enhancement of efficiency in the preclinical discovery pipeline of nanomaterials, particularly in improving the hit rate of nanomaterials and the optimization efficiency of promising candidates. Herein, we describe a directed evolution mode of nanomedicines driven by data to accelerate the discovery of nanomaterials with high delivery efficiency. Computer-aided design strategies are introduced in detail as one of the cutting-edge directions for the development of nanomedicines. Ultimately, we look forward to expanding the tools for the rational design and discovery of nanomaterials using multidisciplinary approaches. Rational design strategies may potentially boost the delivery efficiency of next-generation nanomedicines.
An annual land cover dataset for the Baltic Sea Region with crop types and peat bogs at 30 m from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Pham Vu-Dong , de Waard Farina , Thiel Fabian , Bobertz Bernd , Hellmann Christina , Nguyen Duc-Viet , Beer Felix , Arasumani M. , Schwieder Marcel , Hartleib Jörg , Frantz David , van der Linden Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present detailed annual land cover maps for the Baltic Sea region, spanning more than two decades (2000–2022). The maps provide information on eighteen land cover (LC) classes, including eight general LC types, eight major crop types and grassland, and two peat bog-related classes. Our maps represent the first homogenized annual dataset for the region and address gaps in current land use and land cover products, such as a lack of detail on crop sequences and peat bog exploitation. To create the maps, we used annual multi-temporal remote sensing data combined with a data encoding structure and deep learning classification. We obtained the training data from publicly available open datasets. The maps were validated using independent field survey data from the Land Use/Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) and expert annotations from high-resolution imagery. The quantitative and qualitative results of the maps provide a reliable data source for monitoring agricultural transformations, peat bog exploitation, and restoration activities in the Baltic Sea region and its surrounding countries.
Expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of Egyptian children with maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Abdelkhalek Zeinab S. , Hussein Shadia M. , Mahmoud Iman G. , Ramadan Areef , Kamel Mona A. , Girgis Marian Y. , Elmonem Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMaple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD, OMIM# 248600) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine/isoleucine and valine in blood of affected children. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of MSUD is largely unreported in Egypt. We recruited ten patients (4 males/6 females, 2weeks-12years) from nine unrelated families with clinical and biochemical evidence of MSUD. We performed Sanger sequencing for the three most-commonly responsible genes: BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT and conducted exome sequencing for unresolved cases. Through Sanger sequencing, we detected eight homozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (four in BCKDHB, three in BCKDHA and one in DBT gene) in eight different families. The proband of family VI, who had no significant genetic findings by Sanger, had a peculiar phenotype and atypical radiological findings. His exome sequencing revealed a previously reported homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the RARS2 gene (NM_020320.5:c.1026G > A;p.(Met342Ile)) causing the mitochondrial-encephalopathy disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 6 (OMIM# 611523). Furthermore, the copy-number-variant analysis of the exome data revealed a biallelic duplication affecting exons 2–6 of the BCKDHB gene (GRCh38: Chr.6-g.80127496:80171441dup) evaluated as variant of uncertain significance but expected to cause a breakpoint and may disrupt gene function, which can explain the markedly elevated BCAA levels in the patient’s blood. In conclusion, we expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the disease and showed that aggressive intervention with specific treatment in the first few days of life resulted in normal development even in a developing country setting. Inclusion of MSUD in the national newborn screening program in Egypt is highly recommended.