bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroglial Biomarkers for Risk Assessment of Ischemic Stroke and Other Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Not Receiving Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Aulin Julia , Sjölin Karl , Lindbäck Johan , Benz Alexander P. , Eikelboom John W. , Kultima Kim , Oldgren Jonas , Wallentin Lars , Burman Joachim 
Published: November 2024

Background
Cardiac biomarkers improve risk prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We recently demonstrated that the NFL (neuron‐specific protein neurofilament light chain) was associated with ischemic stroke in patients with AF not receiving oral anticoagulation. The association of other neuroglial biomarkers reflecting brain injury (ie, GFAP [glial fibrillary acidic protein], total tau [tau], and UCHL1 [ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1]) with the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular outcomes in AF is unknown.

Methods and Results
Baseline plasma samples were available from 967 patients with AF not receiving oral anticoagulation treatment. Concentrations of NFL, GFAP, tau, and UCHL1 were determined with a Single Molecule Array kit (Simoa). Associations between baseline biomarker level, clinical characteristics, and outcomes (ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and all‐cause death) were analyzed with multivariable Cox regression adjusted for clinical characteristics and other biomarkers. Higher levels of all 4 neuroglial biomarkers were correlated with increasing age and female sex. During a median follow‐up of 3.6 years, NFL was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (for a doubling in NFL, hazard ratio [HR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.03–1.56]) and death (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.25–1.70]). In adjusted analyses, GFAP, tau, and UCHL1were not associated with stroke or death. NFL, tau, and UCHL1 were significantly associated with hospitalization for heart failure.

Conclusions
In patients with AF not receiving oral anticoagulation, NFL was the only neuroglial biomarker significantly and independently associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and death. Further studies evaluating NFL for stroke risk assessment in patients with AF and the impact of contemporary oral anticoagulation treatment are warranted.
Digital Screen Usage Amongst Doctors: Demographics, Patterns of Use and Effect of Health Parameters
Authors: Chapala Shashank , Hussein Mohsin , Shirodkar Kapil , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Vaishya Raju , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: November 2024

Background: Advances in digital technology have led to widespread availability of digital devices and consequent increased usage amongst across the population including practising healthcare professionals. Increased ‘Digital Screen time’ and its effect on physical, psychological health, and sleep patterns has been predominantly evaluated in children, adolescents and adults from various walks of life. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact of Digital Screen usage (time and patterns) spent on portable and desktop digital devices amongst physicians, surgeons and radiologists. Material & Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of an 11-part questionnaire (multiple choice questions and free text box) was circulated amongst orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists and physicians in India and the UK, to evaluate demographics, speciality and place of practice; Digital platform usage reasons and time; effect on mental health, physical health, sleep time amongst practising healthcare professionals. Results: There was an even spread amongst the various age groups. Smartphones were the commonest device utilised for digital screening in 90 (67.7%) doctors with 29 (38.5%) of doctors reporting more than five hours of daily screen time. Sixty-three (47%) of doctors used this for academic purposes, whereas 43 (32%) used it for entertainment more than for academic purposes. Thirty-nine doctors (29%) were unaware of whether screen usage affected mental health. Seventy-two (53%) were of the opinion that screen usage was having a negative effect on their physical health whilst 81 (60%) thought that it was having an adverse effect on their sleeping time respectively. Conclusion: A significant proportion of doctors appear to be using digital devices beyond the recommended ‘Digital Screen time’ by various national or international healthcare organisations. There is an emerging need to highlight the deleterious effect of excessive ‘Digital Screen time’ on various health parameters and be part of a global health narrative to mitigate ill-effects and a sustainable lifestyle.
Are optic nerve head and choroidal circulation affected by eye movements?
Authors: Orenc Pınar , Yalcin Elvan 
Published: November 2024

Aim Although it has been reported that the optic nerve can be mechanically affected by the eye's horizontal movements, studies examining horizontal movements with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have only recently begun to emerge. This study aimed to investigate whether there are changes in the OCTA data of healthy individuals in the primary gaze, abduction, and adduction. Method Thirty volunteers (15–73 years old) were included in this prospectively designed study. Radial peripapillary capillary density parameters (RPCD) taken with OCTA in cases of primary gaze, abduction, and adduction were examined. With the OCTA device Angio Disc QuickVue that was used in the study, 3 main vessel structures could be examined. Result In the patients’ primary, abduction, and adduction positions, a difference was observed only in the superior hemifield area of the left eye ( P = 0.032). The superior hemifield all vessels vessel densities (AV VD) were 60.1 ± 2.7 in the central gaze, 59.9 ± 2.6 in the adduction, and 60.8 ± 2.6 in the abduction positions, with a relative decrease observed in adduction. This was also related to age. No difference was detected in terms of the other RPCD parameters. Conclusion In healthy individuals, short-term horizontal eye movements may not result in significant changes except for superior hemifield in OCTA data.
Social Acceptability and Health Concerns of Smoking and Vaping Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Maqsood Afsheen , Shahidan Wan Nazatul Shima , Mirza Daud , Ahmed Naseer , Heboyan Artak 
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess tobacco and vaping habits among university students, exploring awareness of university policies, attitudes, and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed among students from various universities, including institutions in Pakistan, covering demographics, smoking and vaping behaviors, awareness of policies, and beliefs. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Binomial tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results Out of the total 683 respondents, 65.02% were female, and 34.98% were male. Most participants were undergraduate students (71.31%), with Dentistry being the most represented field (50.36%). Most students perceived smoking or vaping as socially acceptable (58.3%) and were aware of university policies (59.3%). However, 46.6% were aware of cessation programs. Most of the students expressed concern about long-term vaping health risks (74.5%). Logistic regression identified gender (Male) and field of study (Dentistry) as significant predictors of policy awareness. Conclusion University students exhibit varied perceptions and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. The study highlights the importance of implementing effective policies and interventions to address tobacco and vaping use among them.
Cost-minimization analysis comparing subcutaneous trastuzumab at home with intravenous trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer in Singapore
Authors: Ouyang Yanting , Lee Han Yi , Leong Fun Loon , Tey Han Jieh , Shih Vivianne , Lim Elaine Hsuen , Graves Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Background: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) can be administered intravenously (IV Herceptin) and subcutaneously, with similar efficacy and safety, but with differences in dosage and costs. Previous studies have evaluated the costs of both treatment approaches in the outpatient settings, but no study has compared the costs of IV Herceptin administered in outpatients with subcutaneous Herceptin administered at patients’ homes (Homecare SC Herceptin). Objectives: This study aimed to compare the per-patient costs of Homecare SC Herceptin versus IV Herceptin administered in a healthcare institution’s outpatient setting in Singapore. Designs: We performed a model-based cost-minimization analysis to estimate and compare the per-patient annual costs associated with each treatment modality from a societal perspective. Methods: Direct cost comprised healthcare resources utilization: drug, consumables, manpower, facility and cardiac assessment. Indirect cost was valued using a human capital approach to account for productivity lost by patients. Monte Carlo simulations with 1000 iterations were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. Costs were reported in 2023 Singapore dollars. Results: The annual societal cost per patient receiving IV Herceptin ranged from S$64,194 to S$65,135, while for Homecare SC Herceptin, it ranged from S$25,865 to S$26,807. Homecare SC Herceptin reduced the annual cost burden by 58.8% and 59.7%, per non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer patient, respectively. The primary cost contributor was drug therapy, comprising more than 90% of the total cost. Even when excluding the cost of drugs, Homecare SC Herceptin remained cheaper by S$1912 annually. The cost reduction is approximately 60% compared to IV Herceptin regardless of disease status, with a 100% probability that the decision to adopt Homecare SC Herceptin leads to cost savings in Singapore. Conclusion: Treatment of breast cancer with Homecare SC Herceptin is a cost-saving option compared to IV Herceptin.
COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Froylan D. , Bastida-Castro Luis A. , Torres-Cuevas José L. , Vasquez-Vasquez Julio A. , Diaz-Jarquin Alejandra , Moreno-Novales Rafael , Balderas-Juarez Joana , Salinas-Ramírez Mauricio A. , Hernández-Castillo Jose L. , Tenorio-Aguirre Erika K. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication associated with severe COVID-19 and has been linked to increased mortality. While vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has shown effectiveness in reducing severe COVID-19 outcomes, its impact on the development of AKI among hospitalized patients remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the incidence and severity of AKI and 28-day mortality among hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Conducted at the Internal Medicine Department of Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico, from April 2020 to December 2021. Patients: 413 patients over 18 with confirmed severe COVID-19 were included. Patients were categorized based on their vaccination status before COVID-19 infection. Measurements: Key outcomes included the incidence of AKI, progression to AKI stage 3, and 28-day mortality. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. Methods: Data were analyzed using univariate and logistic regression models to assess the association between vaccination status and the studied outcomes. Covariates included age, sex, BMI, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory markers. Results: Among the 413 patients, 70% developed AKI, with a median hospital stay of 10 days (range 6-17). Vaccinated patients had a significantly lower incidence of AKI compared with nonvaccinated patients (48.7% vs 74.9%; P < .001). After adjusting for confounding factors, vaccination was associated with lower odds of AKI (OR: 0.252, 95% CI: 0.140-0.452), AKI stage 3 (OR: 0.448, 95% CI: 0.205-0.981), and 28-day mortality (OR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.064-0.544). Limitations: As a single-center retrospective study, generalizability is limited. In addition, vaccination data were obtained from medical records, and the completeness of vaccination could not be independently verified. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was independently associated with a reduced risk of AKI, AKI stage 3, and 28-day mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. These findings highlight the potential protective effects of vaccination against severe kidney complications in this population.
Examining PTSD Prevalence Among Underserved Populations in the Integrated Community Mental Health Setting 2019 to 2022
Authors: Jones Matthew W. H. , Cook Nicole , McGrath Brenda M. , Crist Rae L. , Larson Annie E , Templeton Anna , Nishiike Yui , Koroukian Siran , Zyzanski Stephen , Stange Kurt C. 
Published: November 2024

Background: The prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been rising since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and affects females, sexual and gender minorities, and individuals with social risks at higher rates. Objective: This study examines if the prevalence of PTSD increased from 2019 to 2022 among patients who received care in a national network of safety-net, community-based health centers with integrated behavioral health programs that serve patients at high risk for PTSD. Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from patients with 1 or more behavioral health visits during 2019 to 2022 using repeated cross-sectional data to visualize trends. Change in PTSD prevalence based on the diagnoses associated with each visit from 2019 to 2022 was assessed using a general linear mixed model adjusted for patient-level factors. Results: Over 4 years, 182 419 distinct patients received care for PTSD, with prevalence increasing from 2019 to 2022 (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.10). Females (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.78, 1.84), LGBTQIA individuals (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.33), gender diverse individuals (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.42), and patients who reported 1 or more social determinants of health needs (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.46, 1.57) were more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD. Conclusions: In a worrying trend, PTSD prevalence has increased among people receiving integrated behavioral health care at community-based health centers, with disparities observed in subpopulations. Continued effort and investment are needed to meet this increasing need in safety-net settings, particularly for those subpopulations observed to have higher prevalence.
Correlation Between Emotional Intelligence and Critical Thinking Disposition Among Undergraduate Saudi Nursing Students
Authors: Hasan Abdalhadi , Noor Hala 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Thinking skills are important concepts that have been discussed by various researchers. Improving and enhancing students’ thinking skills has become a fundamental goal of educational systems. There are several methods used to promote inclusive critical thinking in individuals. Objectives This study aimed to assess the correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and critical thinking disposition skills in undergraduate Saudi nursing students. Methods This descriptive correlational study design used a convenience sample of 300 undergraduate nursing students. The respondents were selected from King Khaled University. The study utilized the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDS). Results The results demonstrated a positive correlation between the two variables ( r = .60, p < .001). The variables differed among the nursing students depending on their academic year of study ( F = 52.000, p < .001). Conclusions In conclusion, higher levels of EI and critical thinking skills in nursing students are associated with improved problem-solving skills and better judgment, which contribute to the future development of EI and critical thinking nursing professionals.
Skin ultrasound for rheumatologists: Technical issues and challenges
Authors: Micu MC , Wortsman X , Naredo E 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In several rheumatic diseases, the skin is involved and therefore it is an organ of interest which may be investigated by the rheumatologist. Ultrasound imaging has been proposed for assessing multiple skin conditions providing qualitative and quantitative information about different parameters in distinct skin layers. Our aim was to describe with a pictorial essay the main challenges that the ultrasound imaging may encounter when investigating the healthy skin in different body areas. Subjects and methods: Fourteen healthy subjects were submitted to skin ultrasound. The body areas that were investigated were decided following the 17 modified Rodnan skin score anatomical areas used in systemic sclerosis. Skin ultrasound was performed with a GE Logiq 10 with two probes (20 and 24 MHz). For an optimal quantification of the skin layers, the dermis interfaces either with the epidermis and hypodermis were investigated. Results: The results of the ultrasound analysis are described and summarized in a pictorial essay which shows that some main factors may significantly influence the quality of the images of the skin layers. Specifically, age, scanning position, probe frequency, and the optimal positioning of some anatomical areas, in particular the hands and digits, emerged as factors that may have a relevance in influencing the quality of the imaging of the skin layers. Moreover, some technical suggestions are proposed to help optimizing and standardizing the performance of skin ultrasound assessment in healthy population. Conclusion: The pictorial essay we performed shows that the performance of skin ultrasound in healthy subjects still presents several issues that need to be addressed. The definition of the interface in different body areas is the first step which should be standardized before any measurement of the thickness of the skin layers is performed in rheumatic diseases.
Annivite-(Zn), Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Σ6Bi4S13, from the Jáchymov ore district, Czech Republic: the first Bi-dominant member of the tetrahedrite group
Authors: Sejkora Jiří , Biagioni Cristian , Dolníček Zdeněk , Velebil Dalibor , Škácha Pavel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Annivite-(Zn), Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Σ6Bi4S13, is a new IMA-approved mineral species from the Geister vein, Jáchymov ore district, Czech Republic. It occurs as anhedral grains, up to 50 μm in size, and growth zones, up to 100 μm in thickness, hosted by oscillatory zoned annivite-(Zn)/tennantite-(Zn) grains, and associated with Bi-rich tennantite-(Zn), tennantite-(Fe), tetrahedrite-(Zn), the not-yet approved ‘annivite-(Fe)’, bismuth, emplectite, wittichenite and supergene bismite, walpurgite and metazeunerite. In reflected light, annivite-(Zn) is isotropic, pale grey with a brownish shade and very rare pale brown internal reflections. Reflectance data for the four COM wavelengths in air are [λ (nm): R (%)]: 470: 32.3; 546: 32.0; 589: 32.0; 650: 31.6. Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt.% – average of 5 spot analyses): Cu 36.29, Ag 0.14, Fe 0.08, Zn 7.11, Pb 0.19, As 6.07, Sb 4.50, Bi 21.08, S 23.68, total 99.14. On the basis of ΣMe =16 atoms per formula unit, the empirical formula of annivite-(Zn) is Cu10.13Ag0.02Zn1.93Fe0.03Pb0.02Bi1.79As1.43Sb0.66S13.10. Annivite-(Zn) is cubic, I

$\bar 4$

3m, with unit-cell parameters a = 10.3545(6) Å, V = 1110.16(19) Å3 and Z = 2. Its crystal structure was refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to a final R1 = 0.0493 on the basis of 278 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 23 refined parameters. Annivite-(Zn) is isotypic with other tetrahedrite-group minerals. Its crystal chemistry is discussed, and previous findings of Bi-rich tetrahedrite-group minerals are briefly reviewed, along with the description of a second finding of annivite-(Zn) from the abandoned Mauritius tin mine, Hřebečná, Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic.
Mesenchymal stem cells lineage and their role in disease development
Authors: Xu Qi , Hou Wenrun , Zhao Baorui , Fan Peixin , Wang Sheng , Wang Lei , Gao Jinfang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely dispersed in vivo and are isolated from several tissues, including bone marrow, heart, body fluids, skin, and perinatal tissues. Bone marrow MSCs have a multidirectional differentiation potential, which can be induced to differentiate the medium in a specific direction or by adding specific regulatory factors. MSCs repair damaged tissues through lineage differentiation, and the ex vivo transplantation of bone marrow MSCs can heal injured sites. MSCs have different propensities for lineage differentiation and pathological evolution for different diseases, which are crucial in disease progression. In this study, we describe various lineage analysis methods to explore lineage ontology in vitro and in vivo, elucidate the impact of MSC lineage differentiation on diseases, advance our understanding of the role of MSC differentiation in physiological and pathological states, and explore new targets and ideas associated with disease diagnosis and treatment.
PI3K p85α/HIF-1α accelerates the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating fatty acid uptake and mitophagy
Authors: Chen Chenyang , Qin Sirun , Song Xiaohua , Wen Juan , Huang Wei , Sheng Zhe , Li Xiaogang , Cao Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study was designed to investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on fatty acid uptake and mitophagy in PAH.

Methods
Peripheral blood samples were obtained from PAH patients. Human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and rat cardiac myoblasts H9c2 were subjected to hypoxia treatment. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with monocrotaline (MCT). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), pulmonary artery remodeling, and lipid accumulation were measured. Cell proliferation and ROS accumulation were assessed. Mitochondrial damage and autophagosome formation were observed. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction between HIF-1α and CD36/PI3K p85α.

Results
HIF-1α, CD36, Parkin, and PINK1 were upregulated in PAH samples. HIF-1α knockdown or PI3K p85α knockdown restricted the expression of HIF-1α, PI3K p85α, Parkin, PINK1, and CD36, inhibited hPASMC proliferation, promoted H9c2 cell proliferation, reduced ROS accumulation, and suppressed mitophagy. CD36 knockdown showed opposite effects to HIF-1α knockdown, which were reversed by palmitic acid. The HIF-1α activator dimethyloxalylglycine reversed the inhibitory effect of Parkin knockdown on mitophagy. In MCT-induced rats, the HIF-1α antagonist 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) reduced RVSP, RVHI, pulmonary artery remodeling, lipid accumulation, and mitophagy. Recombinant CD36 abolished the therapeutic effect of 2ME but inhibited mitophagy. Activation of Parkin/PINK1 by salidroside (Sal) promoted mitophagy to ameliorate the pathological features of PAH-like rats, and 2ME further enhanced the therapeutic outcome of Sal.

Conclusion
PI3K p85α/HIF-1α induced CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake and Parkin/PINK1-dependent mitophagy to accelerate the progression of experimental PAH.

Graphical Abstract