bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Count time series prediction using particle filters
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos Kostas , Shakandli Mohamed , Campbell Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon‐Gaussian dynamic models are proposed to analyse time series of counts. Three models are proposed for responses generated by a Poisson, a negative binomial, and a mixture of Poisson distributions. The parameters of these distributions are allowed to vary dynamically according to state space models. Particle filters or sequential Monte Carlo methods are used for inference and forecasting purposes. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated by two simulation studies for the Poisson and the negative binomial models. The methodology is illustrated by considering data consisting of medical contacts of schoolchildren suffering from asthma in England.
Bank lending to targets of active takeover attempts: The simultaneous choice of loan maturity, pricing, and security
Authors: Lallemand Justin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractI investigate bank loans to takeover targets considering the simultaneous decision of pricing, maturity, collateral, and covenants applying Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Results are largely in line with the Agency Theory of Covenants (ATC) as pricing for new bank debt is lower given greater collateral and covenant protection, consistent with existing literature on public debt. However, poor performing targets demonstrate a positive relationship between pricing and covenants while bank loans to high performers are consistent with ATC predictions. Finally, loan terms tied to ex post observations of merger outcomes suggest banks possess some knowledge of merger outcomes in advance.
Hierarchically Porous W‐Doped CoP Nanoflake Arrays as Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xinqiang , Chen Yuanfu , Yu Bo , Wang Zegao , Wang Haiqi , Sun Baochen , Li Wenxin , Yang Dongxu , Zhang Wanli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is still challenging to develop high‐efficiency and low‐cost non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in pH‐universal electrolytes. Herein, hierarchically porous W‐doped CoP nanoflake arrays on carbon cloth (W‐CoP NAs/CC) are synthesized via facile liquid‐phase reactions and a subsequent phosphorization process. The W‐CoP NAs/CC hybrid can be directly employed as a binder‐free electrocatalyst and delivers superior HER performance in pH‐universal electrolytes. Especially, it delivers very low overpotentials of 89, 94, and 102 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes, respectively. Furthermore, it shows a nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency as well as superior long‐term stability with no decreasing up to 36 h in pH‐universal electrolytes. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of W‐CoP NAs/CC can be mainly attributed to the porous W‐doped nanoflake arrays, which not only afford rich exposed active sites, but also accelerate the access of electrolytes and the diffusion of H2 bubbles, thus efficiently promoting the HER performance. This work provides a new horizon to rationally design and synthesize highly effective and stable non‐noble metal phosphide‐based pH‐universal electrocatalysts for HER.
A novel space vector modulation algorithm with narrow pulse suppression and high‐voltage jump suppression for high‐power five‐level NPC/H inverter
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Wang Cong , Liu He 
Published: July 2019

In the high‐power five‐level neutral point clamping/H‐bridge (NPC/H) inverter, the traditional space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm at a low switching frequency has the disadvantages of a high‐voltage jump at high modulation index and an inherent narrow pulse at low modulation index, which may cause serious damage to the power stage. In this paper, a novel SVM algorithm is proposed to suppress the high‐voltage jump and narrow pulse for the five‐level NPC/H inverter with a high‐power integrated gate‐commutated thyristor (IGCT). An equivalent three‐level NPC model is applied to reduce the redundant switching state. To suppress the high‐voltage jump at high modulation index, the switching state optimization method is proposed. Moreover, the zero sequence voltage injection is proposed to suppress the narrow pulse at low modulation index. Finally, the novel SVM algorithm is experimentally tested on an experimental prototype and an engineering prototype for 6.6 kV to 20 MW motor drive system. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed SVM algorithm. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Justice Pays
Authors: Slote Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlato argued that the just are better off than the unjust, but his argument hasn’t been entirely persuasive, and more recently Philippa Foot after many efforts simply gave up on trying to show that justice pays. However, if we consider certain psychological ideas that have not previously been brought into the discussion, there may be a way at least to show that the morally worst people are less well-off than most people are. The worst people, arguably, are serial killers, rapists, and so on, and there has to be some reason why they want to do the terrible things they want to do to people. Such people typically have had terrible abusive childhoods, and their depredations against others seem to represent a kind of revenge for what they suffered in childhood. A life of revenge shows an underlying unhappiness, and one can no more be happy with a life of taking revenge than with a life of scratching a proliferation of itches.
Conclusion
Authors: Slote Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis book has brought psychology to bear on many philosophical issues but has avoided cognitive psychology in favor of what could be called personality psychology. Analytic philosophers are uncomfortable with too much psychological delving into the emotions, and that is what we have been doing a lot of here. But Chinese thinkers seem more comfortable with bringing emotion to bear on philosophical issues, and as China gains more political power and influence in the world, I suspect philosophers in the West will have to pay more attention to its ways of thinking about philosophy. In fact, the present book offers some strong reasons for thinking that Western and even Chinese philosophers ought to pay more attention to traditional Chinese ideas.
Comparative Law in the Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia: Course Content and Teaching Methods
Authors: SANTOSO Topo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe classic method of teaching comparative law produces students who depend only on course materials. They may gain knowledge of different aspects of the laws and legal systems of various other countries, but find it difficult to conduct research and write on comparative law independently. This paper discusses comparative law teaching methods by examining the experience of teaching comparative criminal law in the Master's Programme in Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia. Although it was once sufficient for students to understand comparative law and some aspects of criminal law, the course's learning outcomes have since changed: students are also expected to have the ability to conduct research and write on comparative law upon completing the course. For this shift to take root, several changes are necessary: first, students must become more active in their learning and do more than just receive knowledge passively from course materials provided by their lecturers; second, students should seek out more reference materials beyond the syllabus and learn to use libraries and online databases more effectively; and third, students must improve their mastery of English and other languages, if possible.
Comparative Public Law Research in Israel: A Gaze Westwards
Authors: COHN Margit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article offers a typology of comparative law research and assesses the state of this body of research in one Asian country – the State of Israel. To identify the work that should be considered ‘comparative’, I classify studies into three groups. Following a short overview of Israel's political and legal system, I assess the ways comparative public law is addressed in the country. Relying on a first-of-its-kind quantitative study of Israeli legal scholarship in English in the field of public law that compares at least two systems, the article shows that the compared systems in Israeli comparative legal research are predominantly western, and that materials from the United States by far outweigh all other sources. The article then considers several possible reasons for the limited gaze eastwards and beyond the United States, granting special attention to the cultural ‘Americanization’ of Israel. Directions for future research are considered in the conclusion, including the expansion of the findings from public law to other fields of law; the comparison of these findings with those of similar systems in Asia and beyond; and the possible ways legal education may promote the development of eastern-bound comparative exercises.
Ebola-Related Health Information Wanted and Obtained by Nurses and Public Health Department Employees: Effects of Formal and Informal Communication Channels
Authors: Xie Bo , Zhou Le (Betty) , Yoder Linda H. , Johnson Karen E. , Garcia Alexandra , Kim Miyong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to (1) understand types and amounts of Ebola-related information that health organization employees wanted and obtained through formal, informal, internal, and external organizational communication channels; (2) determine potential discrepancies between information wanted and obtained; and (3) investigate how organizational structure might affect information wanted and obtained through these communication channels.Methods:Primary data were collected from 526 health workers in 9 hospitals and 13 public health departments in Texas from June to November 2015. Survey data were collected for 7 types of Ebola-related information health organization employees wanted and obtained through various types of organizational communication channels. Descriptive statistical analyses, mixed design analysis of variance, regression analyses, and multilevel analyses were used to analyze the data.Results:Hospital employees (mostly nurses in our sample) received more self-care information than they wanted from every communication channel. However, they received less about all other types of information than they wanted from every communication channel separately and combined. Public health department employees wanted more information than they received from every communication channel separately and combined for all 7 types of information.Conclusions:Discrepancies existed between the types of Ebola-related information wanted and obtained by employees of hospitals and public health departments.
Rapid growth and properties of large-aperture 98%-deuterated DKDP crystals
Authors: Cai Xumin , Lin Xiuqing , Li Guohui , Lu Junye , Hu Ziyu , Zheng Guozong 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a highly deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystal with sizes up to

$318~\text{mm}\times 312~\text{mm}\times 265~\text{mm}$

was grown by the rapid-growth method. The synthesis tank device was specially designed to synthesize a higher deuterium concentration and high-purity DKDP solution. The deuterium content of the as-grown crystal, which was 97.9%, was determined by two methods, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. The performances of the 97.9% DKDP crystal, including transmission, absorption coefficient, and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) were measured. The results indicate that, in the near-infrared band, the transmission of the 97.9% DKDP crystal is higher than that of KDP and 70% DKDP crystals, and the absorption coefficient is lower. The LIDT of the crystal reached

$23.2~\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$

(R-on-1, 1064 nm, 3 ns), which meets the engineering requirements for use in optical applications.
Accessibility percolation on random rooted labeled trees
Authors: Hu Zhishui , Li Zheng , Feng Qunqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe accessibility percolation model is investigated on random rooted labeled trees. More precisely, the number of accessible leaves (i.e. increasing paths) Zn and the number of accessible vertices Cn in a random rooted labeled tree of size n are jointly considered in this work. As n → ∞, we prove that (Zn, Cn) converges in distribution to a random vector whose probability generating function is given in an explicit form. In particular, we obtain that the asymptotic distributions of Zn + 1 and Cn are geometric distributions with parameters e/(1 + e) and 1/e, respectively. Much of our analysis is performed in the context of local weak convergence of random rooted labeled trees.
What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter
Authors: Tillery Alvin B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the ways that social movement organizations affiliated with the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement use Twitter through three content analysis studies. The main finding presented in the paper is that the modal tweet generated between December 1, 2015 and October 31, 2016 was an emotional response—an expression of sadness, outrage, or despair—to police brutality and the killings of African Americans. The second key finding is that BLM organizations generated more tweets that framed the movement as a struggle for individual rights than ones that utilized frames about gender, racial, and LGBTQ identities. Finally, the paper shows that BLM activists urge their followers to pursue disruptive repertoires of contention less frequently than they encourage other political behaviors. These findings suggest that the BLM movement is intelligible through both the resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms within social movement studies.
Multivariate patterns of gray matter volume in thalamic nuclei are associated with positive schizotypy in healthy individuals
Authors: Di Carlo Pasquale , Pergola Giulio , Antonucci Linda A. , Bonvino Aurora , Mancini Marina , Quarto Tiziana , Rampino Antonio , Popolizio Teresa , Bertolino Alessandro , Blasi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious models suggest biological and behavioral continua among healthy individuals (HC), at-risk condition, and full-blown schizophrenia (SCZ). Part of these continua may be captured by schizotypy, which shares subclinical traits and biological phenotypes with SCZ, including thalamic structural abnormalities. In this regard, previous findings have suggested that multivariate volumetric patterns of individual thalamic nuclei discriminate HC from SCZ. These results were obtained using machine learning, which allows case–control classification at the single-subject level. However, machine learning accuracy is usually unsatisfactory possibly due to phenotype heterogeneity. Indeed, a source of misclassification may be related to thalamic structural characteristics of those HC with high schizotypy, which may resemble structural abnormalities of SCZ. We hypothesized that thalamic structural heterogeneity is related to schizotypy, such that high schizotypal burden would implicate misclassification of those HC whose thalamic patterns resemble SCZ abnormalities.MethodsFollowing a previous report, we used Random Forests to predict diagnosis in a case–control sample (SCZ = 131, HC = 255) based on thalamic nuclei gray matter volumes estimates. Then, we investigated whether the likelihood to be classified as SCZ (π-SCZ) was associated with schizotypy in 174 HC, evaluated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire.ResultsPrediction accuracy was 72.5%. Misclassified HC had higher positive schizotypy scores, which were correlated with π-SCZ. Results were specific to thalamic rather than whole-brain structural features.ConclusionsThese findings strengthen the relevance of thalamic structural abnormalities to SCZ and suggest that multivariate thalamic patterns are correlates of the continuum between schizotypy in HC and the full-blown disease.
Adipocytes Migration is Altered Through Differentiation
Authors: Lustig Maayan , Zadka Yuliya , Levitsky Irena , Gefen Amit , Benayahu Dafna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdipogenesis is a developmental process in which an elongated preadipocyte differentiates to a round adipocyte along with the accumulation of lipid droplets. In the present study, we focus on the study of cell motility at the single-cell level, toward expanding our knowledge regarding the cytoskeleton alteration during differentiation; since-cell motility is mediated by cytoskeletal components. We used the holographic-microscopy live imaging technique to evaluate, for the first time in the literature, differences between the motility of nondifferentiated preadipocytes and differentiated mature adipocytes in living cell cultures over time. We revealed that mean motility speed of preadipocytes was significantly higher (fourfold) than that of adipocytes, and that the movement of preadipocytes is less consistent and more extensive. Furthermore, we found that preadipocytes tend to migrate to farther distances, while mature adipocytes remain relatively close to their original location. The results presented here are in agreement with the fact that the cytoskeleton of adipocytes is altered during differentiation and similarly, points to the fact that the cell-sensing mechanisms are changing during differentiation. Our research paves the way to gain better insights of the differentiation process and its implications on larger scale systems in the context of obesity.
It Takes a Village: UN Peace Operations and Social Networks in Postconflict Environments
Authors: Gizelis T. I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhy are civil society organizations so often unable to make a difference during the transition to peace? I argue that the contributions of local civil society organizations and women's organizations to postconflict peacebuilding should be understood in terms of the networks that emerge during the peacebuilding process. Horizontal network conditions are essential for successful postconflict reconstruction. Yet external actors often implement policies that strengthen hierarchical links at the expense of such horizontal networks. To explore the types of networks that emerge in postconflict reconstruction, I use semistructured interviews conducted in Liberia. The evidence suggests that emerging horizontal networks are more robust in areas where local communities and women have a tradition of organizing. However, these networks remain fairly unstable. The assistance is mostly channeled centrally, strengthening hierarchical ties and leading to distortions in the distribution of resources.
The Troublesome “Paradox of Gender Quotas”: A Few Methodological Notes on the Margin of an Article by Michael Jankowski and Kamil Marcinkiewicz
Authors: Górecki Maciej A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a recent article published in Politics & Gender, Michael Jankowski and Kamil Marcinkiewicz (2019) study the effects of gender quotas on the electoral performance of female candidates in open-list proportional representation (OLPR) systems. On the empirical side, their study is a critical reanalysis of the Polish case, in particular the regularities demonstrated in a 2014 study that I coauthored. We argued there that at the micro level (candidate level), the effects of quotas were somewhat “paradoxical”: following the installation of quotas, women candidates tend to perform worse relative to their male counterparts than they did during the pre-quota period. Jankowski and Marcinkiewicz claim to demonstrate that those “paradoxical” effects are minor and thus practically negligible. In this note, I argue that their conclusion is largely a result of the particular methodological choices made by these authors. These choices seem unobvious, debatable, and potentially controversial. The note concludes that we need more reflection and debate on the methodological aspects of analyzing candidates’ electoral success in complex electoral systems, such as multidistrict OLPR. This would greatly facilitate future efforts aimed at an unequivocal examination of the contentious concepts such as the notion of “paradox of gender quotas.”
The effects of garlic supplementation on weight loss: A systematic	review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mofrad Manije Darooghegi , Rahmani Jamal , Varkaneh Hamed Kord , Teymouri Alireza , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Obesity is related to increase in the incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies have suggested anti-obesity properties of garlic; however, results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis is done to summarize the data obtained from available randomized clinical trials on the effect of garlic supplementation on body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC). The online databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched until March 2018 for related publications using relevant keywords. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models. Cochran’s Q-test and I2 index were used for assessing heterogeneity. We found 1241 records in our initial search, of which 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 15 treatment arms were included. Pooled analysis showed that garlic administration might significantly decrease WC (Weighed Mean Difference (WMD): −1.10 cm, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.07, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%). However, garlic intervention had no significant effect on body weight (WMD): −0.17 kg, 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.39, P = 0.54, I2 = 0%) and BMI (WMD: −0.17 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.52, 0.16, P = 0.30, I2 = 44.5%) as compared to controls. From Subgroup analysis, it was ascertained that the effect of garlic supplementation on BMI was significant in trials with duration < 12 weeks (WMD: −0.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.08, −0.08, I2 = 19.8%, P = 0.02) compared to those with higher duration (>12 weeks). The current meta-analysis results suggest that garlic supplementation seems to reduce waist circumference unlike body weight and BMI.
Understanding the Seasonal Cycle of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent in the Context of Longer‐Term Variability
Authors: Eayrs Clare , Holland David , Francis Diana , Wagner Till , Kumar Rajesh , Li Xichen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the 40‐year satellite record, there has been a slight increasing trend in total annual mean Antarctic sea ice extent of approximately 1.5% per decade that is made up of the sum of significantly larger opposing regional trends. However, record increases in total Antarctic sea ice extent were observed during 2012–2014, followed by record lows (for the satellite era) through 2018. There is still no consensus on the main drivers of these trends, but it is generally believed that the atmosphere plays a significant role and that seasonal time scales and regional scale processes are important. Despite considerable yearly and regional variability, the mean seasonal cycle of growth and melt of Antarctic sea ice is strikingly consistent, with a slow growth but fast melt season. If we are to project trends in Antarctic sea ice and understand changes on longer time scales, we need to understand the mechanisms related to the seasonal cycle separately from those that drive variability. Twice‐yearly changes in the position and intensity of the zonal winds circling Antarctica are thought to drive the system by working with or against the evolving sea ice edge to slow the autumn advance and hasten the spring melt. Open water regions, created by divergence associated with the zonal winds, amplify the spring melt through increased warming of the upper ocean. Climate models fail to accurately reproduce mean Antarctic sea ice extent and overestimate its year‐to‐year variability, but they tend to capture the pattern and timing of the Antarctic seasonal cycle.