bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photovoice method with older persons: a review
Authors: Mysyuk Yuliya , Huisman Martijn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor a long time researchers have used photography for different purposes, in different ways and with different focus. Photovoice is a qualitative visual research method that refers to photographs taken by the participants themselves. It has been used with different age groups and populations. The use of photovoice in older populations requires its own study of approaches, techniques and challenges. In this article, we review existing studies using photovoice with older participants specifically, to consider its potential as a qualitative research method in the field of gerontology. We discuss advantages and limitations of the method in gerontological research and provide guidelines for future studies. Our results show that photovoice has been used to study a wide range of topics in older people, from health issues and the impact of environment on health and wellbeing, to leisure experiences of groups living with HIV/AIDS. Using photovoice helps researchers to capture live experiences and perceptions of older persons and conduct engaging, involving and empowering research facilitating interaction, reflection and connection of participants. However, conducting photovoice studies can be practically challenging, such as when addressing special needs of the participants, or ethical and other feasibility issues. To conclude, photovoice has great potential for being used in gerontological research, it can be altered to fit specific goals, divergent issues studied and different research contexts.
Methods Assessing Sociocultural Aspects of Health Technologies: Results of a Literature Review
Authors: Stich Anne Kathrin , Mozygemba Kati , Lysdahl Kristin Bakke , Pfadenhauer Lisa Maria , Hofmann Bjørn , van der Wilt Gert-Jan , Gerhardus Ansgar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesSocial and cultural aspects are rarely assessed in health technology assessments (HTA), despite being part of most HTA definitions. One hypothesis for the reason why they are hardly considered in HTA is that we lack relevant assessment methods. Accordingly, this review aims at providing an overview of methodological approaches to address social and cultural aspects related to health technologies in HTA.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search by searching fourteen databases and a hand-search of two pertinent journals. Additionally, we sent a query to all member agencies of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) asking them for methods they use to assess social and cultural aspects.ResultsA total of 125 publications met our inclusion criteria. We grouped the methodological approaches into checklists for experts, literature reviews, stakeholder participatory approaches, primary data collection methods, and combinations of methodological approaches.ConclusionsThere is a wide variety of methods available for assessing social and cultural aspects of health technologies, some of which have been applied in HTA. The presented overview of the different approaches and their merits can facilitate the assessment of these aspects, and improve the knowledge regarding (potential) success and failure of the implementation of a health technology.
Gut rest strategy and trophic feeding in the acute phase of critical illness with acute gastrointestinal injury
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Hongxiang , Li Yuting , Qu Lai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCritically ill patients frequently suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction as the intestine is a vulnerable organ. In critically ill patients who require nutritional support, the current guidelines recommend the use of enteral nutrition within 24–48 h and advancing towards optimal nutritional goals over the next 48–72 h; however, this may be contraindicated in patients with acute gastrointestinal injury because overuse of the gut in the acute phase of critical illness may have an adverse effect on the prognosis. We propose that trophic feeding after 72 h, as a partial gut rest strategy, should be provided to critically ill patients during the acute phase of illness as an organ-protective strategy, especially for those with acute gastrointestinal injury.
Parents’ adverse childhood experiences and parent–child emotional availability in an American Indian community: Relations with young children's social–emotional development
Authors: Wurster Hannah E. , Sarche Michelle , Trucksess Caitlin , Morse Brad , Biringen Zeynep 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined relations among parent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parent mental distress, child social–emotional functioning, and parent emotional availability (EA) among parents and children served by an Early Head Start program in an American Indian community. The majority of parents and children in the study were American Indian/Alaska Native. American Indian/Alaska Native communities experience relatively high rates of trauma, socioeconomic disparities, and mental health challenges. In this context, young children may be especially vulnerable to early life stress. Further, a strong body of literature demonstrates the long-term effects of ACEs on individuals’ mental health, as well as their child's social–emotional functioning. In this study we examined a model to test the relation of parent ACEs to children's social–emotional functioning, with an indirect effect via a latent “mental distress” variable consisting of parent depression, anxiety, and parenting-related distress. Results supported this model, suggesting that parent ACEs related to children's social–emotional problems by way of parent mental distress. However, when a categorical measure of parent EA was added as a moderator, the model only remained significant in the low EA parent group. These results provided evidence for a “buffering” effect of high parent EA on the relation between parent ACEs, parent mental distress, and children's social–emotional problems.
Decrease in Seismic Velocity Observed Prior to the 2018 Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano With Ambient Seismic Noise Interferometry
Authors: Olivier G. , Brenguier F. , Carey R. , Okubo P. , Donaldson C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 2018 Kīlauea eruption was a complex event that included deformation and eruption at the summit and along the East Rift Zone. We use ambient seismic noise interferometry to measure time‐lapse changes in seismic velocity of the volcanic edifice prior to the lower East Rift Zone eruption. Our results show that seismic velocities increase in relation to gradual inflation of the edifice between 1 March and 20 April. In the 10 days prior to the 3rd of May eruption onset, a rapid seismic velocity decrease occurs even though the summit is still inflating. We confirm that intereruptive velocity change is correlated with surface deformation, while the velocity decrease prior to eruption is likely due to accumulating damage induced by the pressure exerted by the magma reservoir on the edifice. The accumulating damage and subsequent decrease in bulk edifice strength may have facilitated increased transport of magma from the summit reservoir to the Middle East Rift Zone.
Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate in Clayey Sediments—Laboratory Formation, Morphology, and Wave Characterization
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Kim Jongchan , Lei Liang , Ning Fulong , Dai Sheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFine‐grained sediments host more than 90% of gas hydrates on Earth. However, the fundamental properties of hydrate‐bearing silty and clayey sediments are much less understood than those of hydrate‐bearing sands, mainly due to the experimental challenges in synthesizing gas hydrate in fine‐grained sediments in the laboratory as the way they form in nature. This study forms tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate in kaolinite, visualizes the hydrate distribution and morphology using X‐ray computed tomography, and uses P and S waves to characterize the formed hydrate‐bearing clayey sediments. The results show that THF hydrate formed in clay is innately segregated and heterogeneous, no longer as a pore constituent as in sandy sediments. Hydrate nucleation, growth, and distribution in clays are dominated by the thermal condition and constrained by water activity and mass transport, which can result in low stoichiometric‐solution‐to‐hydrate conversion ratios of approximately 0.4–0.7. Thus, the estimation of hydrate volume in clays based on the mass of stoichiometric solution can be erroneous. The heterogeneity in hydrate‐bearing clays imposes challenges in wave velocity based characterization. The bulk elastic properties of hydrate‐bearing clays can be well predicted using the self‐consistent model. Specimens with higher hydrate volume fraction VFh show higher wave attenuations Q−1, highlighting the dominant role of THF hydrate in the wave attenuation of hydrate‐bearing clays. The results suggest that Qp−1 = 0.08 + 0.4VFh = 2Qs−1, which underlines the potential of using wave attenuation based methods to quantify the hydrate volume fraction in clayey sediments.
Assessing the Iterative Finite Difference Mass Balance and 4D‐Var Methods to Derive Ammonia Emissions Over North America Using Synthetic Observations
Authors: Li Chi , Martin Randall V. , Shephard Mark W. , Cady‐Pereira Karen , Cooper Matthew J. , Kaiser Jennifer , Lee Colin J. , Zhang Lin , Henze Daven K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe evaluate two inverse modeling methods by conducting inversion experiments using the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model and its adjoint. We simulate synthetic NH3 column density as observed by the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder over North America to test the ability of the iterative finite difference mass balance (IFDMB) and the four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) methods to recover known NH3 emissions. Comparing to the more rigorous 4D‐Var method, the IFDMB approach requires 3–4 times lower computational cost and yields similar or smaller errors (12–17% vs 17–26%) in the top‐down inventories at 2° × 2.5° resolution. These errors in IFDMB‐derived emission estimates are amplified (53–62%) if compared to the assumed true emissions at 0.25° × 0.3125° resolution. When directly conducting inversions at 0.25° × 0.3125°, the IFDMB consistently exhibits larger errors (44–69% vs 30–45%) than the 4D‐Var approach. Analysis of simulated differences in NH3 columns and in NH3 emissions suggests stronger misalignments at the finer resolution, since the local column is more strongly influenced by spatial smearing from neighboring grids. Adjoint calculations indicate that the number of adjacent grids needed to account for most (>65%) of the emission contributions to the local columnar NH3 abundance over an NH3 source site increases from ~1 at 2° × 2.5° to ~10 at 0.25° × 0.3125°, leading to increased errors especially in IFDMB. Applying inversion results at 2° × 2.5° to update the a priori emissions at 0.25° × 0.3125° could improve the accuracy of IFDMB inversions and reduce the computational cost of 4D‐Var.
Western Mediterranean Sea Paleothermometry Over the Last Glacial Cycle Based on the Novel RI‐OH Index
Authors: Davtian Nina , Ménot Guillemette , Fagault Yoann , Bard Edouard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRI‐OH (ring index of hydroxylated tetraethers) has recently been proposed to reconstruct paleotemperatures in middle‐ to low‐latitude marginal seas. However, RI‐OH has barely been tested in marginal seas under substantial terrigenous inputs. Here we analyze tetraether lipids in two adjacent marine cores from the Gulf of Lions. We then test for the first time the RI‐OH paleothermometer from 160 to 9 ka BP in the western Mediterranean Sea. While terrigenous inputs prevent TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbon atoms) from behaving as a paleothermometer, RI‐OH is generally consistent with other paleothermometric proxies. RI‐OH also responds systematically and coherently to glacial‐interglacial transitions as well as to abrupt climatic events. The average difference between RI‐OH temperatures and November–May UK′37 (C37 ketone unsaturation ratio) temperatures is −2.0 °C with a standard error of 0.4 °C based on 249 RI‐OH‐UK′37 comparisons. This systematic difference suggests that hydroxylated tetraethers and alkenones record different temperatures, for instance, winter and/or subsurface temperatures for RI‐OH. Another source of bias could be linked to the available RI‐OH‐temperature calibration, which clearly needs more work at the global and regional scales, notably for semienclosed basins such as the Mediterranean Sea. Nevertheless, our RI‐OH‐based interglacial‐glacial anomalies are of 10 °C, a value within the high end of anomalies from previously published temperature records in the western Mediterranean Sea (from 3 to 13 °C). The RI‐OH‐based temperature anomalies also confirm the regional differences and seasonal contrasts in interglacial‐glacial anomalies produced by models.
Calcareous Nannofossil Response to Climate Variability During the Middle Pleistocene Transition in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 198 Site 1209)
Authors: Lupi C. , Bordiga M. , Sacchi R. , Ferretti P. , Cobianchi M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Middle Pleistocene Transition represents an important reorganization of climate that switched from a 41‐kyr periodicity to a quasiperiodic 100‐kyr cycle. Here, we have investigated this time interval using calcareous nannofossils from a midlatitude well‐preserved sedimentary record from the Ocean Drilling Program Site 1209 in the North West Pacific Ocean. We studied samples from 1.45 to 0.45 Ma, looking for significant changes in the nannofossil assemblages. Micropaleontological data were processed using an information theoretic model comparison that deconvolutes variations in nannofossil assemblages using different predictors. The major findings are that calcareous nannofossils permit the detection of discrete events during the Middle Pleistocene Transition. They display three different associations belonging, respectively, to the 41‐kyr world, the transition, and the 100‐kyr world. The statistical approach demonstrated that nannofossils responded abruptly at the boundaries of the transition developing in two rapid steps superimposed on a more gradual process. Moreover, a strong decrease in the genus Reticulofenestra and the beginning of the Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica acme permitted us to pinpoint climate events within the Middle Pleistocene Transition. Finally, through the nannofossil paleoecology, we documented an anomalous long‐term warming trend that could be related to an intensification of the Walker circulation and the stabilization of long‐term conditions like La Niña at the midlatitudes of the NW Pacific during the Middle Pleistocene Transition.
Snow Drought Risk and Susceptibility in the Western United States and Southwestern Canada
Authors: Dierauer Jennifer R. , Allen Diana M. , Whitfield Paul H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn western North America (WNA), mountain snowpack supplies much of the water used for irrigation, municipal, and industrial uses. Thus, snow droughts (a lack of snow accumulation in winter) can have drastic ecological and socioeconomic impacts. In this study, the historical (1951–2013) frequency, severity, and risk (frequency × severity) of dry, warm, and warm and dry snow droughts are quantified at the grid‐cell and ecoregion scale for snow‐dominated regions in the western United States and southwestern Canada (sWNA). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, relationships between mean winter temperature, snow drought risk, and snow water equivalent sensitivity are explored. Piecewise linear regression is used to identify temperature thresholds for mapping temperature‐related snow drought susceptibility. Results highlight spatial differences in snow drought regimes across sWNA and reveal that temperature thresholds exist at −3.1 °C (±0.3 °C) and 1.4 °C (±0.3 °C), above which the warm snow drought risk increases more rapidly. Approximately 3% of the nonglaciated snow storage in this region has high susceptibility to temperature‐related snow drought, representing 11 km3 of water, or approximately one third the capacity of Lake Mead. Under a +2 °C climate scenario, an additional 8% (28 km3) of this snow storage volume will transition to high susceptibility.
Geographical Evolution of Agricultural Production in China and Its Effects on Water Stress, Economy, and the Environment: The Virtual Water Perspective
Authors: Sun S. K. , Yin Y. L. , Wu P. T. , Wang Y. B. , Luan X. B. , Li C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAgricultural production is accompanied by a large amount of water consumption, nonpoint source pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the comprehensive and quantitative analysis of associated impacts on regional water, the environment, and the economy caused by variations in agricultural distribution is insufficient. This paper evaluates the evolution of grain production distribution and its effects on water resources, the economy, and the environment in China by using virtual water theory. The results show that the grain production area located in northern China is characterized by scarce water resources and a less developed economy. Due to the imbalance between grain supply and demand, virtual water embedded in grain will transfer among regions. These flows have formed a pattern where virtual water transfers from the water‐scarce northern region to the water‐rich southern region, increasing from 72.99 Gm3 in 1997 to 124.64 Gm3 in 2014. Evolution of grain production distribution changes the spatial pattern of grain production and consumption, and it exacerbates water resource pressure, the gray water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions in the area that exports grain virtual water. The gray water footprint and carbon emissions in the grain export area increased by 10.66% and 31.06% during the study period, respectively. Meanwhile, the distribution of regional grain production influences the allocation of water resources in agriculture and other industries. Due to the difference between the economic benefits created by industry and agriculture, grain virtual water flow will have effects on the regional economic development.
Atypical plant homeodomain of UBR7 functions as an H2BK120Ub ligase and breast tumor suppressor
Authors: Adhikary Santanu , Chakravarti Deepavali , Terranova Christopher , Sengupta Isha , Maitituoheti Mayinuer , Dasgupta Anirban , Srivastava Dushyant Kumar , Ma Junsheng , Raman Ayush T. , Tarco Emily , Sahin Aysegul A. , Bassett Roland , Yang Fei , Tapia Coya , Roy Siddhartha , Rai Kunal , Das Chandrima 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe roles of Plant Homeodomain (PHD) fingers in catalysis of histone modifications are unknown. We demonstrated that the PHD finger of Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin7 (UBR7) harbors E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine120 (H2BK120Ub). Purified PHD finger or full-length UBR7 monoubiquitinated H2BK120 in vitro, and loss of UBR7 drastically reduced H2BK120Ub genome-wide binding sites in MCF10A cells. Low UBR7 expression was correlated with occurrence of triple-negative breast cancer and metastatic tumors. Consistently, UBR7 knockdown enhanced the invasiveness, induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promoted metastasis. Conversely, ectopic expression of UBR7 restored these cellular phenotypes and reduced tumor growth. Mechanistically, UBR7 loss reduced H2BK120Ub levels on cell adhesion genes, including CDH4, and upregulated the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. CDH4 overexpression could partially revert UBR7-dependent cellular phenotypes. Collectively, our results established UBR7 as a histone H2B monoubiquitin ligase that suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
Functional ultrasound imaging of the brain reveals propagation of task-related brain activity in behaving primates
Authors: Dizeux Alexandre , Gesnik Marc , Ahnine Harry , Blaize Kevin , Arcizet Fabrice , Picaud Serge , Sahel José-Alain , Deffieux Thomas , Pouget Pierre , Tanter Mickael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeuroimaging modalities such as MRI and EEG are able to record from the whole brain, but this comes at the price of either limited spatiotemporal resolution or limited sensitivity. Here, we show that functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of the brain is able to assess local changes in cerebral blood volume during cognitive tasks, with sufficient temporal resolution to measure the directional propagation of signals. In two macaques, we observed an abrupt transient change in supplementary eye field (SEF) activity when animals were required to modify their behaviour associated with a change of saccade tasks. SEF activation could be observed in a single trial, without averaging. Simultaneous imaging of anterior cingulate cortex and SEF revealed a time delay in the directional functional connectivity of 0.27 ± 0.07 s and 0.9 ± 0.2 s for both animals. Cerebral hemodynamics of large brain areas can be measured at high spatiotemporal resolution using fUS.
Gene expression over the course of schizophrenia: from clinical high-risk for psychosis to chronic stages
Authors: Ota Vanessa Kiyomi , Moretti Patricia Natalia , Santoro Marcos Leite , Talarico Fernanda , Spindola Leticia Maria , Xavier Gabriela , Carvalho Carolina Muniz , Marques Diogo Ferri , Costa Giovany Oliveira , Pellegrino Renata , de Jong Simone , Cordeiro Quirino , Hakonarson Hakon , Breen Gerome , Noto Cristiano , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Gadelha Ary , Jesus Mari Jair de , Belangero Sintia I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) at different clinical stages may help clarify what effects could be due to the disease itself, to the pharmacological treatment, or to the disease progression. We compared expression levels of targeted genes in blood from individuals in different stages of SZ: clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), first episode of psychosis (FEP), and chronic SZ (CSZ). Then, we further verified whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be related to gene expression differences. We investigated 12 genes in 394 individuals (27 individuals with CHR, 70 antipsychotic-naive individuals with FEP, 157 CSZ patients, and 140 healthy controls (HCs)). For a subsample, genotype data were also available, and we extracted SNPs that were previously associated with the expression of selected genes in whole blood or brain tissue. We generated a mediation model in which a putative cause (SNP) is related to a presumed effect (disorder) via an intermediate variable (gene expression). MBP and NDEL1 were upregulated in FEP compared to all other groups; DGCR8 was downregulated in FEP compared to HC and CHR; DGCR2 was downregulated in CSZ compared to FEP and HCs; DISC1 was upregulated in schizophrenia compared to controls or FEP, possibly induced by the rs3738398 and rs10864693 genotypes, which were associated with DISC1 expression; and UFD1 was upregulated in CSZ and CHR compared to FEP and HC. Our results indicated changes in gene expression profiles throughout the different clinical stages of SZ, reinforcing the need for staging approaches to better capture SZ heterogeneity.