bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life of patients with endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review
Authors: Leong Dephne Jack Xin , Yap Adrian U‐Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to appraise the quality of life of patients with restored endodontically treated teeth. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were employed. The specific PEO question was as follows: population: patients who were healthy individuals ≥18 years old and required endodontic treatment; exposure: endodontic treatment with a coronal restoration with at least 6 months in occlusal function; and outcome: quality of life of patients. Databases were searched in conjunction with hand searching of reference lists of endodontic textbooks, endodontic‐related journals, and relevant articles from electronic searching. Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies concluded that non‐surgical root canal therapy improved patients’ quality of life. The effect of operator type yielded conflicting results. Only one paper compared endodontic treatment with implant placement, and it showed similar patient‐centric outcome with a high level of patient satisfaction. Current research is still limited, and further studies are warranted.
Do Inheritance Customs Affect Political and Social Inequality?
Authors: Hager Anselm , Hilbig Hanno 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhy are some societies more unequal than others? The French revolutionaries believed unequal inheritances among siblings to be responsible for the strict hierarchies of the ancien régime. To achieve equality, the revolutionaries therefore enforced equal inheritance rights. Their goal was to empower women and to disenfranchise the noble class. But do equal inheritances succeed in leveling the societal playing field? We study Germany—a country with pronounced local‐level variation in inheritance customs—and find that municipalities that historically equally apportioned wealth, to this day, elect more women into political councils and have fewer aristocrats in the social elite. Using historic data, we point to two mechanisms: wealth equality and pro‐egalitarian preferences. In a final step, we also show that, counterintuitively, equitable inheritance customspositivelypredict income inequality. We interpret this finding to mean that equitable inheritances level the playing field by rewarding talent, not status.
Balloon catheter vs oxytocin alone for induction of labor in women with a previous cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarreau Mélie , Isly Helene , Poulain Patrice , Fontaine Brigitte , Morel Olivier , Villemonteix Pascal , Mares Pierre , Mousty Eve , Godard Alain , Ragot Stephanie , Pierre Fabrice 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and maternal‐neonatal morbidity between balloon catheter and oxytocin for induction of labor in women with a previous cesarean section and an unfavorable cervix.Material and methodsThis open‐label randomized controlled trial took place in seven French hospitals. Inclusion criteria were medical indication for labor induction in pregnant women, ≥37 weeks, with lower segment cesarean section, Bishop score ≤4, no pre‐labor rupture of membranes, singleton fetus in cephalic presentation. Women were allocated randomly to induction with a 50‐mL balloon catheter for 12 hours or a low‐dose oxytocin infusion. Primary outcome was the rate of vaginal birth. Secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal complications.ResultsThe study enrolled 204 women from 26 December 2010 to 31 December 2013: 101 were allocated to receive balloon catheter and 103 to oxytocin. Vaginal birth rate was 50% (n = 51) in the balloon catheter group vs 37% (n = 38) in the oxytocin group (P = 0.050). Maternal and neonatal morbidity did not differ between balloon catheter and oxytocin groups: two uterine dehiscences vs one, one vs four maternal infections, five vs two hemorrhages and 11 vs five neonatal transfers, respectively. Heterogeneity of treatment effect for vaginal delivery was observed across initial Bishop scores. Balloon catheter was more effective for low values of bishop score.ConclusionsBalloon catheter tended to be associated with a higher probability of vaginal delivery as compared with low‐dose intravenous oxytocin when used for induction of labor in women with a previous cesarean section and low Bishop score at induction.
Molecular defects in thyroid dysgenesis
Authors: Mio Catia , Grani Giorgio , Durante Cosimo , Damante Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a neonatal endocrine disorder that might occur as itself or be associated to congenital extra‐thyroidal defects. About 85% of affected subjects experience thyroid dysgenesis (TD), characterized by defect in thyroid gland development. In vivo experiments on null mice paved the way for the identification of genes involved thyroid morphogenesis and development, whose mutation has been strongly associated to TD. Most of them are thyroid‐specific transcription factors expressed during early thyroid development. Despite the arduous effort in unraveling the genetics of TD in animal models, up to now these data have been discontinuously confirmed in humans and only 5% of TD have associated with known null mice‐related mutations (mainly PAX8 and TSHR). Notwithstanding, the advance in genetic testing represented by the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approach is steadily increasing the list of genes whose highly penetrant mutation predisposes to TD. In this review we intend to outline the molecular bases of TD, summarizing the current knowledge on thyroid development in both mice and humans and delineating the genetic features of its monogenetic forms. We will also highlight current strategies to enhance the insight into the non‐Mendelian mechanisms of abnormal thyroid development.
Increased risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (overlap syndrome)
Authors: Voulgaris Athanasios , Archontogeorgis Kostas , Papanas Nikolaos , Pilitsi Eleni , Nena Evangelia , Xanthoudaki Maria , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Froudarakis Marios E. , Steiropoulos Paschalis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAccumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent among patients with concurrent obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, otherwise known as overlap syndrome (OS).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the 10‐year risk for CVD in OS patients compared with OSAS patients and controls.MethodsConsecutive patients, referred for symptoms suggestive of OSAS, were evaluated with polysomnography and pulmonary function testing. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE).ResultsOverall, 244 participants (184 males) without CVD and diabetes were divided into 3 groups: controls (n = 63), OSAS (n = 139) and OS (n = 42). Both FRS and SCORE were found to be elevated in the OS group compared with the OSAS and control groups (P < .001 for all). In multivariate analysis, age (β = .461, P < .001), forced expiratory volume in first second (β = −.285, P = .036) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (β = .234, P = .007) were major determinants for the SCORE, whereas age (β = .308, P < .001) and apnoea‐hypopnoea index (β = .252, P = .010) for the FRS.ConclusionIn our study, an increased risk for CVD was observed in a group of patients with OS at the time of their initial evaluation. Further studies are needed in the field of OS in order to investigate, prevent and manage early CVD in this population.
What are the Marital Problems of Happy Couples? A Multimethod, Two‐Sample Investigation
Authors: Rauer Amy , Sabey Allen K. , Proulx Christine M. , Volling Brenda L. 
Published: August 2019

How couples handle marital conflict may depend on what issues they are facing, as some issues may be more difficult to resolve than others. What is unclear, however, is what issues happy couples face and how these issues may be different for couples depending on their developmental stage. To explore this possibility, the current study used both self‐reports and observations drawn from two separate samples of happily married couples—one early in middle adulthood (N = 57 couples; average marital duration = 9 years) and one in older adulthood (N = 64 couples; average marital duration = 42 years). Results indicated that all issues were relatively minor, but early middle‐aged couples reported more significant problems than did older couples. As to determining the most salient topic for happy couples, it depended on the spouses’ gender, developmental stage, and how salience was assessed (i.e., highest rated issue vs. most discussed issue). Only moderate links were found between what happy couples said was their most serious concern and what they actually tried to resolve during observations of marital problem‐solving, but there were differences in how spouses behaved based on the proportion of their time discussing certain topics. Findings suggest that more attention should be devoted to understanding what marital issues happy couples discuss and why, as doing so may reveal how couples maintain their marital happiness.
Effect of age, haemosporidian infection and body condition on pair composition and reproductive success in Great Tits Parus major
Authors: Pigeault Romain , Cozzarolo Camille‐Sophie , Glaizot Olivier , Christe Philippe 
Published: August 2019

Several factors shape lifetime reproductive success, including genetic background, body condition, environmental conditions and ecological interactions such as parasitism. Adults often show higher reproductive success than their young conspecifics, especially in long‐lived bird species, and this may be explained by the cumulative effects of an increase in reproductive experience and the selection of high‐quality individuals from one year to the next. To test whether this pattern also exists in short‐lived bird species, we used 13 years of monitoring data from two Great Tit Parus major populations. The effects of male and female age on several reproductive parameters were analysed in 419 pairs of Great Tits, while accounting for body condition and infection by haemosporidian parasites. Reproductive success was mainly affected by the age‐class of males. Pairs containing a sub‐adult male fledged one‐third fewer chicks than pairs containing an adult male. The difference was not caused by variation in male fertility but could have been caused by better parental care provided by adult birds. In addition to lower reproductive success, first‐year males also had reduced access to mating compared with adult males, suggesting an avoidance of sub‐adult males by females. Nestling body condition was positively correlated with parental body condition, and the body condition of male and female members of breeding pairs was positively correlated. Finally, the number of fledged chicks was mainly affected by the infection status of males. These results temper our previously published results showing an effect of infection on Great Tit reproduction regardless of their sex. In our previous study, and as in most cases, the status of the partner was not taken into account and we show here that this is essential because it can lead to a biased interpretation of the results.
Flour from 'fruits and vegetables' waste with addition of a South‐American pepper (Capsicum baccatum) proposed as food ingredient
Authors: de Sá Mendes Nathânia , Favre Leonardo Cristian , Rolandelli Guido , Ferreira Cristina dos Santos , Gonçalves Édira C. B. de A. , Buera María del Pilar 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of previously characterised flours obtained by milling the solid waste from the manufacture of an isotonic drink produced with various fruits and vegetables (FVR) to which powdered pepper fruits (PF) were added. Aqueous extracts were also prepared and encapsulated for protecting their functional compounds and improving their solubility. The encapsulation yields of the spray‐drying processes were 90% and 64% for PF and FVR‐PF, respectively. The addition of PF to FVR improved antioxidant capacity, stability and appearance, providing reddish colour. FT‐IR spectra reflected the addition of PF by changes in the absorbances at wave numbers typical of carotenoids, acylglycerols, chlorophylls and those related to antioxidant capacity. The encapsulated extracts could be applied when solubility is needed in hydrophilic media. The obtained flours with PF addition are suitably cheap, stable functional food ingredients for industrial uses, such as breading or seasoning ingredients.
Social interaction skills and depressive symptoms in people diagnosed with schizophrenia: The mediating role of auditory hallucinations
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Ting , Beckstead Jason W. , Yang Chiu‐Yueh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPast studies have presented evidence that depressive symptoms are affected in different ways by social interaction skills and auditory hallucinatory symptoms in people with schizophrenia. However, few studies have focused on examining the relationship among auditory hallucinatory severity, social interaction skills, and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of auditory hallucinatory severity on social interaction skills and depressive symptoms in people with long‐term schizophrenia. We propose that auditory hallucination severity functions as a mechanism through which impaired social interaction skills increase depressive symptoms. In this study, a convenience sample of 186 people with schizophrenia was obtained from hospital‐based rehabilitation wards. Four instruments were used: A demographic data questionnaire, the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills‐Chinese version, the Characteristics of Auditory Hallucinations Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. To investigate the mediating effect of auditory hallucinatory severity after controlling for six covariates, we tested an indirect effect in a simple mediation model using the SPSS macro PROCESS, which is a regression‐based approach. The indirect effect and the results of Sobel’s test were significant (Z = −2.824, P = 0.005), which confirms that auditory hallucination severity mediates social interaction skills and depressive symptoms. This finding suggests that psychiatric nurses must teach people with schizophrenia to use auditory hallucination management strategies to prevent them from becoming immersed in auditory hallucinations and reducing their social interaction with the real world, so that depressive symptoms can be improved.
Excellent thermal stability and aging behaviors in BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics with rhombohedral phase
Authors: Chen Jianguo , Cheng Jinrong , Guo Jian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Jianli , Liu Hongbo , Zhang Shujun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiFeO3‐BaTiO3 (BF‐BT) solid solutions are lead‐free candidates for high‐temperature piezoelectric applications. BF‐BT ceramics with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating rhombohedral (R) and pseudo‐cubic (PC) phases were fabricated by the conventional high temperature sintering method, and their thermal stability and aging properties were studied in detail. BF‐BT ceramics with rhombohedral (R) phase show much better thermal stability and aging properties than those with pseudo‐cubic (PC) or coexistence of PC and R phases. The thermal degradation and aging rates of BF‐BT ceramics with R phase are on the order of 1% and 1.2% per decade, respectively. X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the domain state of poled rhombohedral BF‐BT ceramics is stable up to its Curie temperature, which is responsible for the high thermal stability. The Rayleigh analysis shows that the low aging rate is attributed to the low domain wall contribution to the overall piezoelectric response. The high thermal stability and low aging rates indicate that the lead‐free BF‐BT ceramics with R phase are potential candidates for sensor and transducer applications over a broad temperature range.
Defect engineering electrical properties of lead‐free potassium sodium niobate‐based ceramics
Authors: Li Ruichen , Sun Xi‐xi , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDefect engineering plays an important role in property modification for piezoelectric materials. In this work, we pay much attention to the effect of Nb nonstoichiometry on structure and properties of typical 0.95(K0.45Na0.55)Nb1+xO3–0.05Bi0.5Na0.5HfO3 ceramics. Large piezoelectric constant (d33 ~ 425 pC/N and ~482 pm/V) together with high Curie temperature (TC ~ 315°C) have been achieved in the ceramics with excess Nb content (x = 0.01). However, the ceramics with deficient Nb element have seriously suppressed cryogenic εr‐T curves and deteriorated electrical properties. Multi‐scale characterizations including phase structure, microstructure, defect structure and domain structure have been adopted to explain the corresponding phenomenon. Defect complex caused by deficient Nb induces clamped domain wall motion, leading to blocked polarization vector and poor electrical properties. On the contrary, the enhanced properties for the ceramics with excess Nb are attributed to easier domain switching due to the suppressed vacancies. We believe that defect engineering, for example nonstoichiometry, cannot only modulate electrical properties but also help us to understand some fundamental and critical problems about KNN‐based ceramics.
‘The Plastic Ceiling Project’: Advantages of Using Arts‐Based Research to Explore the Pain of Mothers that Work and Study
Authors: Misra Sarah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the publication of the Dearing Report in 1997, the UK Government has consistently promoted social mobility and fairness as part of its rhetoric. Yet as Brooks and others have pointed out, compared with other groups of ‘non‐traditional’ students, student mothers and part‐time students with jobs have been given limited consideration, both in terms of policy intervention and research. Despite the drive for inclusivity in higher education institutions, students with mothering responsibilities who are also in employment, often need to overcome considerable challenges in order to complete the course requirements; challenges which often result in extensive emotional pain. Using methods of photo‐elicitation and blogging, The Plastic Ceiling Project aimed to create a platform for mothers that worked and studied to discuss this emotional pain, allowing participants to highlight and discuss commonalities within their experiences. Rather than aiming to ‘solve’ problems for participants, this methodology aimed to empower individuals by allowing them to create a shared reality together, co‐create knowledge and to give them a vehicle to discuss and resolve difficulties and challenges collectively. This article considers how an arts‐based approach to research may have contributed to achieving those aims.
Critical Thinking and Community Engagement through Artistic Actions
Authors: Jónsdóttir Ásthildur B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a society that strives for sustainability it is important to observe and value different forms of knowledge. Creating art is not a meaningless exercise. Instead, one might say that works of art serve as a window that interprets the world. In the article it is argued that artistic actions can offer a combination of critical and creative thinking reflecting on the types of knowledge and experience that count as valuable for sustainable communities. The article reflects on the participatory installationColours of Rovaniemiand howABERwas used in the creation process. The methodology focused on the transformative power of community engagement when creating artistic actions that engage with sustainability. The installation provoked critical thinking and encouraged the participants to take a stand on the issues discussed. Artworks of this kind are well suited to help us understand the issues we face regarding sustainability. The work raised questions of who we are, what we prioritise in our lives. It initiated discussion of the connection between man and nature, attitudes, values and national self‐identity, challenging the participants’ perspectives.
Arts‐Based Educational Research: The Challenges of Social Media and Video‐Based Research Methods in Communication Design Education
Authors: Marshalsey Lorraine , Sclater Madeleine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the practical and ethical challenges and benefits of using social media and video‐based research methods – also known as Photovoice – to investigate contemporary Communication Design education. The two visual research methods discussed include the social media mobile application Snapchat® and participant‐generated GoPro® video filming. The investigation focused on understanding students’ on‐the‐ground, lived experiences of studio learning within two distinctive higher education case study settings in the United Kingdom and Australia. This study employed Participatory Action Research (PAR) as an inquiry process and incorporated a methodological framework involving a combination of narrative inquiry, visual Participatory Design (PD) and visual ethnography. The findings of this study revealed the impact of specialised studio and classroom‐based Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) on student learning and engagement as the participants expressed differing responses to their own learning and community of practice at each site. The choice of arts‐based educational research methods used for this study allowed the relationships between place, lived experience, and community to be explored. Students, in effect, became investigators of their own practice through engagement in a rigorous set of visual methods, which placed the tools directly into their hands.
Automated external defibrillator use in a previously healthy 31‐day‐old infant with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Hoyt Walter J. , Fish Frank A. , Kannankeril Prince J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCurrent resuscitation guidelines state that the safety of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in infants less than 1 year of age is unknown.Methods and ResultsWe report successful AED use in a 31‐day‐old previously healthy infant with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Chest compressions began immediately, pediatric AED pads were applied in less than 5 minutes and the initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation. After two 50 J shocks, return of spontaneous circulation was achieved. She was diagnosed with a rare but previously described syndrome of infant ventricular fibrillation and was discharged to home in good condition after epicardial defibrillator placement.ConclusionsThis case represents, to our knowledge, the youngest patient successfully defibrillated by an AED in a nonmedical setting. Although she received two shocks more than 11 J/kg each, she had no apparent myocardial damage at presentation.
Physiological optimization of robotic endoscopic epicardial CRT‐D implantation using multielectrode electroanatomic mapping
Authors: Wey Hannah E. , Chua Kelvin , Balkhy Husam , Tung Roderick , Broman Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultielectrode epicardial mapping during robotic implantation of cardiac resynchronization‐defibrillator system. Robotically assisted endoscopic implantation of cardiac implantable devices is well documented to be both feasible and safe, and this technique provides particular benefit in patients with limited vascular access. In a patient meeting Class I indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator and inaccessible vascular access, we describe in this case an optimization strategy for intraoperative left ventricular lead placement utilizing robotic epicardial electroanatomic mapping as well as the feasibility of implanting a totally epicardial biventricular cardioverter‐defibrillator system.