bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetics of Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Saito Motonobu , Kono Koji , Kohno Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare cancer with poor survival. Therapeutic regimen and drug clinical efficacy after failure of first‐line chemotherapy have not fully developed yet. Next‐generation sequencing studies were recently performed in patients with TC from Asian and Europe/US cohorts and reported genomic and epigenomic aberrations, including actionable aberrations for developing targeted personalised therapies. Some somatic variants, such as
CYLD
,
TP53
,
HRAS
and
RB1
, were commonly identified in both Asian and Europe/US cohorts, suggesting their contribution to thymic carcinogenesis. In addition to somatic mutations, epigenomic aberrations and gene rearrangements have been identified in TC. Mutational signature analysis revealed an accumulation of age‐related variants and DNA mismatch repair deficiency derived from TC development. The efforts to find novel actionable targets are continuing and immunotherapy for TC is investigated. Several clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic utility of immunotherapy for TC.

Key Concepts

Genomic and epigenomic aberrations in thymic carcinoma have been revealed.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy for thymic carcinoma have been developed.

Thymic carcinoma is a rare cancer with poor survival.

Efficient therapeutic drugs after failure of the first‐line chemotherapy are required.

Genomic and epigenomic aberrations in thymic carcinoma have been revealed.

Targeted therapies for thymic carcinoma is being developed.

Efficacy of immunotherapy is expected for thymic carcinoma.
Sulfur‐Mastery: Precise Synthesis of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zafar Amina , Zafar Zainab , Zhao Weiwei , Jiang Jie , Zhang Yan , Chen Yunfei , Lu Junpeng , Ni Zhenhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been developed as the most promising method for the growth of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, the key factor determining the growth of TMDs is ascertained. A straightforward method is devised to directly achieve a holistic control of thickness, shape, and size of WS2 flakes via a single parameter control, namely, the status of the S‐precursor. The thickness‐dependent growth of WS2 flakes from mono‐ to quad‐layers is achieved by precise control of the feeding rate of elemental S‐precursor. Moreover, the explicit control over amount and exposure time of S‐precursor determines the most optimum combination of these parameters to tune the shape of the crystals from triangular to hexagonal with appropriate size. Hence, the experimental findings provide a promising strategy to engineer the growth evolution of WS2 atomic layers by fine tuning of the sulfur supply, paving a pathway to scalable electronic and photonic devices.
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Huiqi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors with tailor‐made recognition sites for target molecules. Their high affinity and selectivity, excellent stability, easy preparation, and low cost make them promising substitutes to biological receptors in many applications where molecular recognition is important. In particular, spherical MIP nanoparticles (or nanoMIPs) with diameters typically below 200 nm have drawn great attention because of their high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, easy removal of templates, rapid binding kinetics, good dispersion and handling ability, undemanding functionalization and surface modification, and their high compatibility with various nanodevices and in vivo biomedical applications. Recent years have witnessed significant progress made in the preparation of advanced functional nanoMIPs, which has eventually led to the rapid expansion of the MIP applications from the traditional separation and catalysis fields to the burgeoning biomedical areas. Here, a comprehensive overview of key recent advances made in the preparation of nanoMIPs and their important biomedical applications (including immunoassays, drug delivery, bioimaging, and biomimetic nanomedicine) is presented. The pros and cons of each synthetic strategy for nanoMIPs and their biomedical applications are discussed and the present challenges and future perspectives of the biomedical applications of nanoMIPs are also highlighted.
Tricomponent Exciplex Emitter Realizing over 20% External Quantum Efficiency in Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Multiple Reverse Intersystem Crossing Channels
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Wei , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Wang Kai , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Li Xing , Lin Hui , Tao Si‐Lu , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the naturally separated frontier molecular orbitals, exciplexes are capable of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). And, the current key issue for exciplex emitters is improving their exciton utilization. In this work, a strategy of building exciplex emitters with three components is proposed to realize multiple reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channels, improving their exciton utilization by enhancing upconversion of nonradiative triplet excitons. Accordingly, a tricomponent exciplex DBT‐SADF:PO‐T2T:CDBP is constructed with three RISC channels respectively on DBT‐SADF, DBT‐SADF:PO‐T2T, and CDBP:PO‐T2T. Furthermore, its photoluminescence quantum yield and rate constant of the RISC process are successfully improved. In the OLED, DBT‐SADF:PO‐T2T:CDBP exhibits a remarkably high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.5%, which is the first report with an EQE over 20% for the OLEDs based on exciplex emitters to the best of our knowledge. This work not only demonstrates that introducing multiple RISC channels can effectively improve the exciton utilization of exciplex emitters, but also proves the superiority of the tricomponent exciplex strategy for further development of exciplex emitters.
Isolated postaxial polydactyly: Epidemiologic characteristics from a multicenter birth defects study
Authors: Ortiz‐Cruz Gabriela , Luna‐Muñoz Leonora , Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIsolated postaxial polydactyly (I‐PAP), as a single defect, is a frequent malformation, characterized by an extra digit placed on the ulnar or fibular side of the limbs. Worldwide prevalence varies from as high as 225/10,000 in Nigerians to so low as 6.08/10,000 in Argentinians. Genetic–ethnic background significantly affects worldwide prevalence and type of I‐PAP. Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of I‐PAP in 697 newborns, 383 males and 314 females identified in 1,178,993 examined live births from a multicenter case–control hospital‐based population study, the Mexican program of Registry and Epidemiological Surveillance of Congenital Malformations (RYVEMCE). The main characteristics analyzed included total I‐PAP, stratified in Types A and B, defined as complete or incomplete extra‐digit formation, respectively, sex prevalence, affected limb, laterality, parity, prematurity, delivery‐type, twinning, consanguinity, and parental age. Males (6.35/10,000) are significantly more frequently affected than females (5.45/10,000), hands more than feet, left more than right limbs, and Type B (74.50%) more than A (25.50%). Prematurity and forceps use were significantly more frequent in cases than controls. An evident decreasing time‐trend prevalence was present. Similar findings with other studies were males, upper and left limbs more frequently affected. Findings that were not previously reported include prematurity, forceps use, a significant decreasing time trend and an inverse ethnic prevalence for Types A (75%) and B (25%) in the Mayan population in contrast to other worldwide ethnic groups.
Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of fast curing epoxy resins with isophorone diamine and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Huang Zhenqiang , Song Ping , Yang Hao , Zhang Yanfei 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFast curing epoxy resins were prepared by the reactions of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with isophorone diamine (IPD) and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole (API), and their curing kinetics and mechanical properties influenced by IPD content were also investigated. The analysis of curing kinetics was based on the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data with the typical Kissinger, Ozawa, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa models, respectively. The glass‐transition temperature was also measured by the same technique. Additionally, the mechanical properties including flexural, impact, and tensile performances were tested, and the curing time was estimated by isothermal DSC. The degree of cure (α) dependency of activation energy (Ea) revealed the complexity of curing reaction. Detailed analysis of the curing kinetics at the molecular level indicated that the dependence of Ea on the α was a combined effect of addition reaction, autocatalytic reaction, viscosity, and steric hindrance. From the nonisothermal curves, the curing reaction mechanism could be proposed according to the increasingly obvious low temperature peaks generated by the addition reaction of epoxy group with the primary amines in API and IPD molecules. Using the preferred resin formulation, the resin system could be cured within 10 min at 120 °C with a relatively good mechanical performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47950.
Enhancements in sugar immobilization in polymeric macroporous matrices for affinity capture
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Josiane , Lemos da Silva Débora , Gomes Nascimento Rui , Ayra Alcântara Veríssimo Lizzy , Martins Veloso Cristiane , Ferreira Bonomo Renata Cristina , da Costa Ilhéu Fontan Rafael 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of macroporous monolithic matrices in the purification of biocompounds is constantly growing and developing. In this work, the objective was to optimize the quantity of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine (D‐GlcNAc) immobilized on the surface of macroporous polymeric cryogels for capture of lectins from less clarified solutions. Surface response methodology was applied and it was observed that the immobilization temperature of the glutaraldehyde (GLU) and the D‐GlcNAc concentration influenced the amount of sugar immobilized. The matrices produced with 1.1% of allyl glycidyl ether were functionalized by GLU. Optimal maximum condition was obtained with mean value of 160.39 ± 26.38 mg of D‐GlcNAc immobilized per gram of dry cryogel. Characterization analyses of the matrices showed that the activation process was effective, maintaining the macroporous structure and physical characteristics. The adsorbents produced were tested for capture of lectins from a crude protein solution of barley. At tested conditions, adsorbent capture around 11% of protein in solution but reduce the hemaglutinating capacity in 40%, demonstrating its selectivity. The cryogels functionalized with D‐GlcNAc present potential for use in capture compounds by affinity with carbohydrates, such as lectins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47956.
The CD147‐HYALURONAN Axis in Cancer
Authors: Toole Bryan P. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCD147 (basigin; EMMPRIN), hyaluronan, and hyaluronan receptors (e.g., CD44) are intimately involved in several phenomena that underlie malignancy. A major avenue whereby they influence tumor progression is most likely their role in the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs), subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit chemoresistance, invasiveness, and potent tumorigenicity. Both CD147 and hyaluronan have been strongly implicated in chemoresistance and invasiveness, and may be drivers of CSC characteristics, since current evidence indicates that both are involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, a crucial process in the acquisition of CSC properties. Hyaluronan is a prominent constituent of the tumor microenvironment whose interactions with cell surface receptors influence several signaling pathways that lead to chemoresistance and invasiveness. CD147 is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily and cofactor in assembly and activity of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). CD147 stimulates hyaluronan synthesis and interaction of hyaluronan with its receptors, in particular CD44 and LYVE‐1, which in turn result in activation of multiprotein complexes containing members of the membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase, receptor tyrosine kinase, ABC drug transporter, or MCT families within lipid raft domains. Multivalent hyaluronan–receptor interactions are essential for formation or stabilization of these lipid raft complexes and for downstream signaling pathways or transporter activities. We conclude that stimulation of hyaluronan–receptor interactions by CD147 and the consequent activities of these complexes may be critical to the properties of CSCs and their role in malignancy. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oral arsenic trioxide incorporation into frontline treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Gill Harinder , Kumana Cyrus R. , Yim Rita , Hwang Yu‐Yan , Chan Thomas S. Y. , Yip Sze‐Fai , Lee Harold K. K. , Mak Vivien , Lau June S. M. , Chan Chi‐Chung , Kho Bonnie , Wong Raymond S. M. , Li Wa , Lin Shek‐Yin , Lau Chi‐Kuen , Ip Ho‐Wan , Leung Rock Y. Y. , Lam Clarence C. K. , Kwong Yok‐Lam 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundStrategies using oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3) are efficacious in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but they have not been examined in newly diagnosed cases.MethodsSixty‐two consecutive patients (24 men and 38 women) with a median age of 52 years (range, 22‐85 years), 36% of whom had high‐risk features, underwent induction with all‐trans retinoic acid at 45 mg/m2/d, oral As2O3 at 10 mg/d, and ascorbic acid at 1 g/d (the all‐trans retinoic acid–arsenic trioxide–ascorbic acid [AAA] regimen) for 6 weeks (with patients younger than 70 years additionally receiving daunorubicin at 50 mg/m2/d × 3); they then underwent consolidation with 2 monthly cycles of daunorubicin (50 mg/m2/d × 2) and cytarabine (100 mg/m2/d × 5) and received AAA maintenance (2 weeks every 8 weeks) for 2 years. A contemporaneous cohort of 37 newly diagnosed patients (15 men and 22 women) with a median age of 51 years (range, 23‐78 years), not consenting to oral As2O3 induction but receiving similar induction, consolidation, and AAA maintenance, served as a comparator group; 46% of these patients had high‐risk features.ResultsThe oral As2O3 induction cohort showed a complete remission (CR) rate of 100%. After a median of 37 months (range, 13‐82 months), there were no relapses, so conventional risks (age, leukocyte and platelet counts, and Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 [FLT3] mutations) were not relevant. The leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 100% at 3 years and 94.1% at 5 years. The non–As2O3 induction cohort showed a CR rate of 100%. After a median of 52 months (range, 14‐77 months), there were 3 relapses (8%). Comparable patients in the oral As2O3 induction and non–As2O3 induction cohorts showed similar OS, but LFS was significantly superior in the oral As2O3 induction cohort.ConclusionsThe incorporation of oral As2O3 into induction for newly diagnosed APL was safe and decreased relapses.
Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution of FOX‐7: Synthesis and Properties of 1‐Amino‐1‐Picrylamino‐2,2‐Dinitroethylene (APDE) and Its Potassium Salt [K(APDE)]
Authors: Li Chuping , Feng Zhicun , Wang Hao , Zhou Tianhong , Li Yanan , Xu Kangzhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo energetic compounds, 1‐amino‐1‐picrylamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (APDE) and its potassium salt [K(APDE)] were synthesized through an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between FOX‐7 and picryl chloride. APDE and K(APDE) were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. APDE has a 3D wavy layered stacking structure similar to FOX‐7. K(APDE) (peak temperature (Tip)=185.6 °C and impact sensitivity (IS)=19.6 J) presents better stability than APDE (tap=133.3 °C and IS=15.7 J). The reasons why the stability of APDE is lower than that of FOX‐7 and picryl chloride are analyzed. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of APDE (8.36 km s−1 and 31.3 Gpa) are close to those of FOX‐7 and RDX. The thermal decomposition of K(APDE) is very violent, and its detonation performance (D=9.14 km s−1 and P=38.6 Gpa) is comparable to that of HMX, indicating that K(APDE) has good potential to be a high explosive.
Bees and flowers: How to feed an invasive beetle species
Authors: Gonthier Jérémy , Papach Anna , Straub Lars , Campbell Joshua W. , Williams Geoffrey R. , Neumann Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvasive species may exploit a wide range of food sources, thereby fostering their success and hampering mitigation, but the actual degree of opportunism is often unknown. The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, is a parasite of honeybee colonies endemic to sub‐Saharan Africa. SHBs have now spread on all habitable continents and can also infest colonies of other social bees. To date, the possible role of solitary bee nests as alternative hosts is unknown. Similarly, flowers as possible alternative food sources are not well understood. Here, we show that SHBs can complete an entire life cycle in association with nests of solitary bees Megachile rotundata. The data also show that flowers can serve as alternative food sources. These results support the opportunistic nature of this invasive species, thereby generating further obstacles for mitigation efforts in the field. It also suggests that SHB invasions may result in more serious consequences for endemic bee fauna than previously thought. This provides further motivation to slow down the global spread of this pest, and to improve its management in areas, where it is established.
Mechanisms underlying increased nest predation in natural gas fields: a test of the mesopredator release hypothesis
Authors: Sanders Lindsey E. , Chalfoun Anna D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic activities are changing landscapes and the context in which predator–prey dynamics evolved, thereby altering key ecological processes and community structure. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying such changes are rarely understood. We tested whether a mesopredator release explained increased rodent density and concomitant predation of songbird nests near natural gas development. From 2015 to 2016, we surveyed apex predators (coyotes, badgers, raptors, and corvids) and measured apparent survival and perceived predation risk of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus; a primary nest predator), at 12 plots spanning a gradient of surface disturbance caused by energy development in Wyoming, USA. Additionally, we measured densities of three nest predators: deer mice, least chipmunks (Tamias minimus), and thirteen‐lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Contrary to the mesopredator release hypothesis, counts of apex predators and perceived predation risk of deer mice increased with surface disturbance from energy development, whereas apparent survival of mice decreased. Densities of mice and ground squirrels, however, increased with surface disturbance, despite increased predation pressure. We therefore rejected the mesopredator release hypothesis as a potential mechanism underlying altered trophic dynamics near energy development. Our results suggest that apex predator control measures would not benefit declining songbirds on natural gas fields. Rather, apex predator abundance may be regulated from the bottom‐up by rodents in this system. Our results corroborate a pattern showing weakened effects of mesopredator release in habitats modified by humans. Understanding how predator–prey dynamics may be altered in novel environments requires an understanding of how predators and prey alike respond to habitat change under different contexts.
MicroRNA‐214 contributes to regulation of necroptosis via targeting ATF4 in diabetes‐associated periodontitis
Authors: Ou Lingling , Sun Ting , Cheng Yaodong , Huang Linwei , Zhan Xiaozhen , Zhang Peng , Yang Junjie , Zhang Ye , Zhou Zhiying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiabetes and periodontal diseases have a mutual promoting relationship that induces severe tissue damage and cell death. The potential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the type of cell death involved in diabetes‐associated periodontitis are obscure. The gingival tissues of patients were obtained and MC3T3‐E1 cells were costimulated with high glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Osseous morphometric analysis was evaluated with micro‐CT, and histological characteristics were measured by hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Cytokine secretion was confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using a DCFH‐DA probe kit. Gene expression was measured by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), and protein expression was assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The miR‐214 level, receptor‐interacting serine‐threonine protein (RIP) 1, RIP3, and phospho‐mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (p‐MLKL) protein expression were elevated in the inflamed gingival tissues of diabetes‐associated periodontitis patients, with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression showing the opposite effect. The high glucose (22 mM) could not induce significant increase of RIP1, RIP3, and p‐MLKL; however, the high glucose and LPS (500‐1000 ng/mL) cotreatment resulted in increase in the number of RIP1, RIP3, and p‐MLKL in MC3T3‐E1 cells. NAC (ROS inhibitor) inhibited RIP1, RIP3, and increased ATF4; however, necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1) (RIP1 inhibitor) specifically inhibited the protein expression of RIP1 and RIP3 and had no influence on ATF4. The use of antagomir‐214 suppressed the expression of miR‐214, RIP1, RIP3, and p‐MLKL, but increased ATF4 protein level in glucose and LPS‐induced cells. ATF4 knockdown by ATF4 small interfering RNA offset the effect of antagomir‐214. RIP1‐ and RIP3‐dependent necroptosis was confirmed in the inflamed gingival tissues of diabetes‐associated periodontitis patients and high glucose‐ and LPS‐ cotreated cells. It was suggested that miR‐214‐targeted ATF4 participated in the regulation of necroptosis in vivo and in vitro.