bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Urban Emissions Changes and Events With a Near‐Real‐Time‐Capable Inversion System
Authors: Ware John , Kort Eric A. , Duren Riley , Mueller Kimberly L , Verhulst Kristal , Yadav Vineet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn situ observing networks are increasingly being used to study greenhouse gas emissions in urban environments. While the need for sufficiently dense observations has often been discussed, density requirements depend on the question posed and interact with other choices made in the analysis. Focusing on the interaction of network density with varied meteorological information used to drive atmospheric transport, we perform geostatistical inversions of methane flux in the South Coast Air Basin, California, in 2015–2016 using transport driven by a locally tuned Weather Research and Forecasting configuration as well as by operationally available meteorological products. We find total‐basin flux estimates vary by as much as a factor of two between inversions, but the spread can be greatly reduced by calibrating the estimates to account for modeled sensitivity. Using observations from the full Los Angeles Megacities Carbon Project observing network, inversions driven by low‐resolution generic wind fields are robustly sensitive (p < 0.05) to seasonal differences in methane flux and to the increase in emissions caused by the 2015 Aliso Canyon natural gas leak. When the number of observing sites is reduced, the basin‐wide sensitivity degrades, but flux events can be detected by testing for changes in flux variance, and even a single site can robustly detect basin‐wide seasonal flux variations. Overall, an urban monitoring system using an operational methane observing network and off‐the‐shelf meteorology could detect many seasonal or event‐driven changes in near real time—and, if calibrated to a model chosen as a transfer standard, could also quantify absolute emissions.
What Is the Main Cause of Diurnal Variation and Nocturnal Peak of Summer Precipitation in Sichuan Basin, China? The Key Role of Boundary Layer Low‐Level Jet Inertial Oscillations
Authors: Zhang Yuehan , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng , Zhou Bowen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe precipitation in Sichuan Basin (SB), China, exhibits pronounced diurnal variation, including minimum rainfall in daytime and a prominent peak near midnight. This study investigates the primary mechanism of precipitation diurnal variation in SB using forecasts from three summer months of 2013 produced at a 4‐km grid spacing. The model forecasts reproduce the observed spatial distributions and diurnal cycles well, including the peak precipitation in SB at around 02 local solar time (LST). Contrary to the common belief that emphasizes the solenoidal effects associated with the Tibetan and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateaus, prominent diurnal inertial oscillations of boundary layer south‐southwesterly low‐level jet into SB are shown to play more important roles in modulating the diurnal cycles of precipitation in SB. A basinwide moisture budget analysis is performed to reveal that the moisture flux from the southeast side of the basin dominates within the diurnal oscillations of the net moisture flux into the basin, and the much enhanced nocturnal low‐level jet plays a crucial role in the formation of nocturnal precipitation within the basin. The net moisture flux into SB reaches maximum at around 22 LST, the time boundary layer perturbation winds from the daily mean in the direction normal to the southeastern boundary of SB reach maximum, which is about 4 hr before precipitation peak at around 02 LST. Shallow thermally forced nighttime downslope flows and daytime upslope flows on the Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau slopes contribute only a small portion of moisture fluxes through the basin boundaries.
Contemporary Space Weather Need: Going Beyond the Global Oscillation Network Group
Authors: Choudhary Debi Prasad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe article “The Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Facility—An Example of Research to Operations in Space Weather” by Frank Hill (https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002001) narrates how an instrument built for answering questions of basic research is playing a greater role in the field of space weather. In the past 25 years, the project has successfully produced fundamental results that have helped to fine tune stellar structure models and have resolved several outstanding problems in solar physics. It is also important to know the background coronal and solar wind environment in order to understand and adequately predict the transient events as this is the environment through which they propagate. The GONG magnetograms are useful as boundary conditions to construct the large‐scale magnetic field structure of the heliosphere and at times to detect the change in longitudinal field due to the solar flares. In order to advance the space weather prediction tools, it is necessary to study the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the source regions of the transient events. The rich information contained in the polarized spectra originating at these locations that is currently measured by the “Synoptic Optical Long‐term Investigations of the Sun” instrument are most appropriate for this purpose. Although, GONG magnetograms have been, and continue to be, useful in understanding some aspects of space weather, there remains a need for new solar observing capabilities aimed at better understanding the “Transient Sun.” In this commentary, we describe the need for a GONG upgrade that will fully serve the Space Weather Community.
Near‐Field Model for a High‐Momentum Negatively Buoyant Line Source Within a Three‐Dimensional Hydrostatic Lake Model
Authors: King A. T. , Cowen E. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work is motivated by a case study in which cooling water effluent is discharged from a line source diffuser onto the shallow southern shelf of a large lake. The effluent is discharged with high momentum to the north, and the plume influences the surrounding flow for hundreds of meters before becoming a passive tracer. We plan to use a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to examine the impact of this effluent on water residence time within the southern shelf, but in order to accomplish this task, we require a method for incorporating the effluent‐driven flow into the hydrodynamic model, which by default does not predict the correct rate of spreading of the plume or the correct rate of lateral entrainment of ambient water. In this paper we develop a method for incorporating the effects of high‐momentum line source discharges into any three‐dimensional or two‐dimensional (depth‐averaged) hydrodynamic model that employs a horizontal eddy viscosity and diffusivity. Our approach is to modify horizontal eddy viscosity and diffusivity to enforce the correct rate of lateral entrainment of the plume. We validate the new method using three test cases relevant to our case study: a neutrally buoyant jet, a cylindrical gravity current, and a negatively buoyant jet.
Atomistic origin of the passivation effect in hydrated silicate glasses
Authors: Du Tao , Li Hui , Zhou Qi , Wang Zhe , Sant Gaurav , Ryan Joseph V. , Bauchy Mathieu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen exposed to water, silicate glasses and minerals can form a hydrated gel surface layer concurrent with a decrease in their dissolution kinetics—a phenomenon known as the “passivation effect.” However, the atomic-scale origin of such passivation remains debated. Here, based on reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the hydration of a series of modified borosilicate glasses with varying compositions. We show that, upon the aging of the gel, the passivation effect manifests itself as a drop in hydrogen mobility. Nevertheless, only select glass compositions are found to exhibit some passivation. Based on these results, we demonstrate that the passivation effect cannot be solely explained by the repolymerization of the hydrated gel upon aging. Rather, we establish that the propensity for passivation is intrinsically governed by the reorganization of the medium-range order structure of the gel upon aging and, specifically, the formation of small silicate rings that hinder water mobility.
Super sensitivity and super resolution with quantum teleportation
Authors: Borregaard J. , Gehring T. , Neergaard-Nielsen J. S. , Andersen U. L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe propose a method for quantum enhanced phase estimation based on continuous variable (CV) quantum teleportation. The phase shift probed by a coherent state can be enhanced by repeatedly teleporting the state back to interact with the phase shift again using a supply of two-mode squeezed vacuum states. In this way a sequential protocol exhibiting both super-resolution and super-sensitivity can be obtained due to the coherent addition of the phase shift. The protocol enables Heisenberg-limited sensitivity and super-resolution given sufficiently strong squeezing. The proposed method could be implemented with current or near-term technology of CV teleportation.
The influence of four pharmaceuticals on Chlorellapyrenoidosa culture
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Guo Jun , Yao Tianming , Zhang Yalei , Zhou Xuefei , Chu Huaqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere has been a developing technology in algae with pharmaceuticals wastewater. However, the effect and the underlying mechanism of pharmaceuticals on algae are not well understood. To investigate the effect and mechanism of pharmaceuticalson microalgae, four pharmaceuticals of clofibric acid (CLF), ciprofloxacin (CIP), diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ) onC. pyrenoidosaculture were analyzed. At low concentrations (<10 mg/L), the pharmaceuticals, especially the DCF, exhibited positive effects on both the structure and function of algal cultures; algal growth (i.e., chlorophyllaaccumulation, lipid accumulation) and activities of antioxidant enzymes were stimulated. The algal metabolite differences of various DCF concentrations were investigated and a total of 91 substances were identified, whose samples were clustered and clearly separated. The key metabolomics pathway analysis found that the DCF promoted the carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolic pathway inC. pyrenoidosaunder relatively low concentrations (<10 mg/L). However, the algae metabolomics pathway was disturbed significantly under the action of a high concentration of DCF (>100 mg/L). The study detected the effects of four pharmaceuticals onC. pyrenoidosaand demonstrated that the usage of metabolomics analysis complemented with DCF could be an effective approach to understand the mechanism of molecular evolution inC. pyrenoidosafor microalgal biomass and bioenergy from wastewater in researches of biological resources.
Centimeter-scale Green Integration of Layer-by-Layer 2D TMD vdW Heterostructures on Arbitrary Substrates by Water-Assisted Layer Transfer
Authors: Kim Jung Han , Ko Tae-Jun , Okogbue Emmanuel , Han Sang Sub , Shawkat Mashiyat Sumaiya , Kaium Md Golam , Oh Kyu Hwan , Chung Hee-Suk , Jung Yeonwoong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMD) layers present an unusually ideal combination of excellent opto-electrical properties and mechanical tolerance projecting high promise for a wide range of emerging applications, particularly in flexible and stretchable devices. The prerequisite for realizing such opportunities is to reliably integrate large-area 2D TMDs of well-defined dimensions on mechanically pliable materials with targeted functionalities by transferring them from rigid growth substrates. Conventional approaches to overcome this challenge have been limited as they often suffer from the non-scalable integration of 2D TMDs whose structural and chemical integrity are altered through toxic chemicals-involved processes. Herein, we report a generic and reliable strategy to achieve the layer-by-layer integration of large-area 2D TMDs and their heterostructure variations onto a variety of unconventional substrates. This new 2D layer integration method employs water only without involving any other chemicals, thus renders distinguishable advantages over conventional approaches in terms of material property preservation and integration size scalability. We have demonstrated the generality of this method by integrating a variety of 2D TMDs and their heterogeneously-assembled vertical layers on exotic substrates such as plastics and papers. Moreover, we have verified its technological versatility by demonstrating centimeter-scale 2D TMDs-based flexible photodetectors and pressure sensors which are difficult to fabricate with conventional approaches. Fundamental principles for the water-assisted spontaneous separation of 2D TMD layers are also discussed.
Simultaneous acoustic and photoacoustic microfluidic flow cytometry for label-free analysis
Authors: Gnyawali Vaskar , Strohm Eric M. , Wang Jun-Zhi , Tsai Scott S. H. , Kolios Michael C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe developed a label-free microfluidic acoustic flow cytometer (AFC) based on interleaved detection of ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic waves from individual cells and particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The AFC uses ultra-high frequency ultrasound, which has a center frequency of 375 MHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 4 μm, and a nanosecondpulsed laser, to detect individual cells. We validate the AFC by using it to count different color polystyrene microparticles and comparing the results to data from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also identify and count red and white blood cells in a blood sample using the AFC, and observe an excellent agreement with results obtained from FACS. This new label-free, non-destructive technique enables rapid and multi-parametric studies of individual cells of a large heterogeneous population using parameters such as ultrasound backscatter, optical absorption, and physical properties, for cell counting and sizing in biomedical and diagnostics applications.
Control of heart rate through guided high-rate breathing
Authors: Perry Sean , Khovanova Natasha A. , Khovanov Igor A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the complex dynamics of cardio-respiratory coupling sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing the communication between these two physiological systems. Previous research has predominantly considered the coupling at respiratory rates slower than the heart rate and shown that respiratory oscillations lead to modulation and/or synchronization of the heart rate. Whereas the mechanisms of cardio-respiratory communication are still under discussion, peripheral nervous regulation is considered to be the predominant factor. This work offers a novel experimental design and applies the concept of instantaneous phase to detect cardio-respiratory entrainment at elevated respiration rates, close to the resting heart rate. If such 1:1 entrainment exists, it would suggest direct neuronal communication between the respiration and heart centres in the brain. We have observed 1:1 entrainment in all volunteers, with consistently longer synchronization episodes seen in physically fitter people, and demonstrated that cardio-respiratory synchronization at both low and high respiration rates is associated with a common underlying communication mechanism.
Vibration frequency analysis of three-layered cylinder shaped shell with effect of FGM central layer thickness
Authors: Ghamkhar Madiha , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz , Imran Muhammad , Kamran Muhammad , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research, vibration frequency analysis of three layered functionally graded material (FGM) cylinder-shaped shell is studied with FGM central layer and the internal and external layers are of homogenous material. Strain and curvature-displacement relations are taken from Sander’s shell theory. The shell frequency equation is obtained by employing the Rayleigh Ritz method. Influence on natural frequencies (NFs) is observed for various thickness of the middle layer. The characteristics beam functions are used to estimate the dependence of axial modal. Results are obtained for thickness to radius ratios and length to radius ratios for different edge conditions. The validity of this method is checked for numerous results in the open literature.
Analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression in bovine macrophages brings up novel aspects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Peter Sarah , Jung Markus , Lewin Astrid , Hemmrich-Stanisak Georg , Franke Andre , von Kleist Max , Schütte Christof , Einspanier Ralf , Sharbati Soroush , Bruegge Jennifer zur 
Published: February 2019

AbstractParatuberculosis is a major disease in cattle that severely affects animal welfare and causes huge economic losses worldwide. Development of alternative diagnostic methods is of urgent need to control the disease. Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating immune function and may confer valuable information about the disease. However, their role has not yet been investigated in cattle with respect to infection towards Paratuberculosis. Therefore, we investigated the alteration in genomic expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in bovine macrophages in response to Paratuberculosis infection using RNA-Seq. We identified 397 potentially novel lncRNA candidates in macrophages of which 38 were differentially regulated by the infection. A total of 820 coding genes were also significantly altered by the infection. Co-expression analysis of lncRNAs and their neighbouring coding genes suggest regulatory functions of lncRNAs in pathways related to immune response. For example, this included protein coding genes such asTNIP3,TNFAIP3andNF-κB2 that play a role in NF-κB2 signalling, a pathway associated with immune response. This study advances our understanding of lncRNA roles during Paratuberculosis infection.
Body Silhouette Trajectories Over the Lifespan and Insomnia Symptoms: The Paris Prospective Study 3
Authors: Lisan Q. , Tafflet M. , Thomas F. , Boutouyrie P. , Guibout C. , Haba-Rubio J. , Climie R. , Périer M. C. , Van Sloten T. , Pannier B. , Marques-Vidal P. , Jouven X. , Empana J. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInsomnia symptoms are highly prevalent and associated with several adverse medical conditions, but only few determinants, including non-modifiable ones, have been highlighted. We investigated associations between body silhouette trajectories over the lifespan and insomnia symptoms in adulthood. From a community-based study, 7 496 men and women aged 50–75 years recalled their body silhouette at age 8, 15, 25, 35 and 45, and rated the frequency of insomnia symptoms on a standardized sleep questionnaire. An Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥11 defined excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Using a group-based trajectory modeling, we identified five body silhouette trajectories: a ‘lean-stable’ (32.7%), a ‘heavy-stable’ (8.1%), a ‘moderate-stable’ (32.5%), a ‘lean-increase’ (11%) and a ‘lean-marked increase’ (15.7%) trajectory. In multivariate logistic regression, compared to the ‘lean-stable’ trajectory, the ‘lean-marked increase’ and ‘heavy-stable’ trajectories were associated with a significant increased odd of having ≥1 insomnia symptoms as compared to none and of having a proxy for insomnia disorder (≥1 insomnia symptom and EDS). The association with the ‘lean-marked increase' trajectory’ was independent from body mass index measured at study recruitment. In conclusion, increasing body silhouette over the lifespan is associated with insomnia symptoms in adulthood, emphasizing the importance of weight gain prevention during the entire lifespan.
Unconventional secretion factor GRASP55 is increased by pharmacological unfolded protein response inducers in neurons
Authors: van Ziel Anna Maria , Largo-Barrientos Pablo , Wolzak Kimberly , Verhage Matthijs , Scheper Wiep 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), defined as ER stress, results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR activation is commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. ER stress can trigger unconventional secretion mediated by Golgi reassembly and stacking proteins (GRASP) relocalization in cell lines. Here we study the regulation of GRASP55 by the UPR upon pharmacological induction of ER stress in primary mouse neurons. We demonstrate that UPR activation induces mRNA and protein expression of GRASP55, but not GRASP65, in cortical neurons. UPR activation does not result in relocalization of GRASP55. UPR-induced GRASP55 expression is reduced by inhibition of the PERK pathway of the UPR and abolished by inhibition of the endonuclease activity of the UPR transducer IRE1. Expression of the IRE1 target XBP1s in the absence of ER stress is not sufficient to increase GRASP55 expression. Knockdown of GRASP55 affects neither induction nor recovery of the UPR. We conclude that the UPR regulates the unconventional secretion factor GRASP55 via a mechanism that requires the IRE1 and the PERK pathway of the UPR in neurons.
Strong, weak and neuron type dependent lateral inhibition in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Shmuel Ronit , Secundo Lavi , Haddad Rafi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn many sensory systems, different sensory features are transmitted in parallel by several different types of output neurons. In the mouse olfactory bulb, there are only two output neuron types, the mitral and tufted cells (M/T), which receive similar odor inputs, but they are believed to transmit different odor characteristics. How these two neuron types deliver different odor information is unclear. Here, by combining electrophysiology and optogenetics, it is shown that distinct inhibitory networks modulate M/T cell responses differently. Overall strong lateral inhibition was scarce, with most neurons receiving lateral inhibition from a handful of unorganized surrounding glomeruli (~5% on average). However, there was a considerable variability between different neuron types in the strength and frequency of lateral inhibition. Strong lateral inhibition was mostly found in neurons locked to the first half of the respiration cycle. In contrast, weak inhibition arriving from many surrounding glomeruli was relatively more common in neurons locked to the late phase of the respiration cycle. Proximal neurons could receive different levels of inhibition. These results suggest that there is considerable diversity in the way M/T cells process odors so that even neurons that receive the same odor input transmit different odor information to the cortex.