bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional analysis of the physiologic drift of adjacent teeth following maxillary first premolar extractions
Authors: Teng Fei , Du Fei-Yu , Chen Hui-Zhong , Jiang Ruo-Ping , Xu Tian-Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe assessed the three-dimensional (3D) pattern of the physiologic drift of the remaining adjacent teeth after premolar extraction due to orthodontic reasons and the associated factors. Data were collected from 45 patients aged 17.04 ± 5.14 years who were scheduled to receive a fixed appliance after maxillary premolar extraction. Seventy-five drift models were obtained and digitalized via 3D scanning. The average physiologic drift duration was 81.66 ± 70.03 days. Angular and linear changes in the first molars, second premolars, and canines were measured using the 3D method. All the examined teeth had tipped and moved towards the extraction space, leading to space decreases. Posterior teeth primarily exhibited significant mesial tipping and displacement, without rotation or vertical changes. All canine variables changed, including distal inward rotation and extrusion. The physiologic drift tended to slow over time. Age had a limited negative effect on the mesial drift of posterior teeth, whereas crowding had a limited positive effect on canine drift. Thus, the mesial drift of molars after premolar extraction may lead to molar anchorage loss, particularly among younger patients. The pattern of the physiologic drift of maxillary canines can help relieve crowding and facilitate labially ectopic canine alignment, whereas canine drift is accelerated by more severe crowding.
AEBP1 down regulation induced cell death pathway depends on PTEN status of glioma cells
Authors: Sinha Swati , Renganathan Arun , Nagendra Prathima B. , Bhat Vasudeva , Mathew Brian Steve , Rao Manchanahalli R. Satyanarayana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive form of brain cancer with overall dismal prognosis (10–12 months) despite all current multimodal treatments. Previously we identified adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) as a differentially regulated gene in GBM. On probing the role of AEBP1 over expression in glioblastoma, we found that both cellular proliferation and survival were affected upon AEBP1 silencing in glioma cells, resulting in cell death. In the present study we report that the classical caspase pathway components are not activated in cell death induced by AEBP1 down regulation in PTEN-deficient (U87MG and U138MG) cells. PARP-1 was not cleaved but over-activated under AEBP1 down regulation which leads to the synthesis of PAR in the nucleus triggering the release of AIF from the mitochondria. Subsequently, AIF translocates to the nucleus along with MIF causing chromatinolysis. AEBP1 positively regulates PI3KinaseCβ by the binding to AE-1 binding element in the PI3KinaseCβ promoter. Loss of PI3KinaseCβ expression under AEBP1 depleted condition leads to excessive DNA damage and activation of PARP-1. Furthermore, over expression of PIK3CB (in trans) in U138MG cells prevents DNA damage in these AEBP1 depleted cells. On the contrary, AEBP1 down regulation induces caspase-dependent cell death in PTEN-proficient (LN18 and LN229) cells. Ectopic expression of wild-type PTEN in PTEN-deficient U138MG cells results in the activation of canonical caspase and Akt dependent cell death. Collectively, our findings define AEBP1 as a potential oncogenic driver in glioma, with potential implications for therapeutic intervention.
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Patients with Bronchiectasis: Association with Respiratory Parameters, Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Bone Remodeling Biomarkers
Authors: Contreras-Bolívar V. , Olveira G. , Porras N. , Acosta E. , Rubio-Martín E. , Tapia-Guerrero M. J. , Abuin-Fernández J. , Olveira C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis has not been sufficiently studied in people with bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis (BC), nor has its relationship with other variables (clinical, body composition and bone turnover and inflammation markers) been sufficiently studied. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and related factors in patients with BC. We did a cross-sectional study in people with BC in a clinically stable state. Spirometric parameters, annual exacerbations and analysis with bone turnover markers (BTM) and inflammation markers were evaluated. Densitometry (DXA) was performed for body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and handgrip strength. 123 patients were studied (65% women, mean age 49.6 ± 18.8, Body Mass Index (BMI) 24.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2). 62.8% and 62.5% of men and women, respectively, had normal bone mineral density, 30.2% and 22.2% osteopenia and 7% and 15% osteoporosis. 52 patients (56.2%) had low fat-free mass: 68.9% women and 28.6% men. Patients with decreased bone mass had significantly lower muscle strength, maximum expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%), vitamin D, higher levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and total osteocalcin and underarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). We observed significant and negative correlations between BMD and the number of serious exacerbations per year CTX and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. We observed significant positive correlations between BMD, fat free mass index (FFMI) and handgrip dynamometry. The study suggest that the prevalence of osteoporosis was high in relation to the demographic characteristics. Respiratory parameters, body composition, muscle strength and bone remodeling markers were associated with a lower bone mineral density.
Morphological evidence for telocytes as stromal cells supporting satellite cell activation in eccentric contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury
Authors: Manetti Mirko , Tani Alessia , Rosa Irene , Chellini Flaminia , Squecco Roberta , Idrizaj Eglantina , Zecchi-Orlandini Sandra , Ibba-Manneschi Lidia , Sassoli Chiara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough telocytes (TCs) have been proposed to play a “nursing” role in resident satellite cell (SC)-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration, currently there is no evidence of TC-SC morpho-functional interaction following tissue injury. Hence, we explored the presence of TCs and their relationship with SCs in an ex vivo model of eccentric contraction (EC)-induced muscle damage. EC-injured muscles showed structural/ultrastructural alterations and changes in electrophysiological sarcolemnic properties. TCs were identified in control and EC-injured muscles by either confocal immunofluorescence (i.e. CD34+CD31− TCs) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In EC-injured muscles, an extended interstitial network of CD34+ TCs/telopodes was detected around activated SCs displaying Pax7+ and MyoD+ nuclei. TEM revealed that TCs invaded the SC niche passing with their telopodes through a fragmented basal lamina and contacting the underlying activated SCs. TC-SC interaction after injury was confirmed in vitro by culturing single endomysial sheath-covered myofibers and sprouting TCs and SCs. EC-damaged muscle-derived TCs showed increased expression of the recognized pro-myogenic vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and SCs from the same samples exhibited increased MyoD expression and greater tendency to fuse into myotubes. Here, we provide the essential groundwork for further investigation of TC-SC interactions in the setting of skeletal muscle injury and regenerative medicine.
Silicon-Nanographite Aerogel-Based Anodes for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Phadatare Manisha , Patil Rohan , Blomquist Nicklas , Forsberg Sven , Örtegren Jonas , Hummelgård Magnus , Meshram Jagruti , Hernández Guiomar , Brandell Daniel , Leifer Klaus , Sathyanath Sharath Kumar Manjeshwar , Olin Håkan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo increase the energy storage density of lithium-ion batteries, silicon anodes have been explored due to their high capacity. One of the main challenges for silicon anodes are large volume variations during the lithiation processes. Recently, several high-performance schemes have been demonstrated with increased life cycles utilizing nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films. However, a method that allows the large-scale production of silicon anodes remains to be demonstrated. Herein, we address this question by suggesting new scalable nanomaterial-based anodes. Si nanoparticles were grown on nanographite flakes by aerogel fabrication route from Si powder and nanographite mixture using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This silicon-nanographite aerogel electrode has stable specific capacity even at high current rates and exhibit good cyclic stability. The specific capacity is 455 mAh g−1 for 200th cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 97% at a current density 100 mA g−1.
Simulated microgravity-mediated reversion of murine lymphoma immune evasion
Authors: Bradley Jillian H. , Barwick Shannon , Horn Gillian Q. , Ullrich Elizabeth , Best Brianna , Arnold Jennifer P. , Gregg Randal K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNo human has returned to the moon since the end of the Apollo program 47 years ago, however, new missions are planned for an orbital outpost. Space radiation and the potential for cancer remain as important issues to the future of human space exploration. While improved shield technologies and protective biologicals are under development, little is known concerning the interaction between cancer cells and host immunity in microgravity. As a hallmark of cancer, tumor cells employ mechanisms of immune evasion to avoid elimination by protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We showed that a murine lymphoma was able to produce a soluble factor that inhibited the function of dendritic cells in activating the CD4+ T cells. Culture of the lymphoma cells in simulated microgravity (SMG), and not Static conditions, restored the CD4+ T cell response and augmented CD8+ T cell-mediated destruction of the cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SMG impaired the mechanism of tumor escape and rendered the cancer cells more susceptible to T cell-mediated elimination. The stress of microgravity may expose the most critical components of a tumor’s escape mechanism for astronaut protection and the generation of new cancer therapeutics for patients on Earth.
A novel 3D nanofibre scaffold conserves the plasticity of glioblastoma stem cell invasion by regulating galectin-3 and integrin-β1 expression
Authors: Saleh Ali , Marhuenda Emilie , Fabre Christine , Hassani Zahra , Weille Jan de , Boukhaddaoui Hassan , Guelfi Sophie , Maldonado Igor Lima , Hugnot Jean- Philippe , Duffau Hugues , Bauchet Luc , Cornu David , Bakalara Norbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) invasiveness renders complete surgical resection impossible and highly invasive Glioblastoma Initiating Cells (GICs) are responsible for tumour recurrence. Their dissemination occurs along pre-existing fibrillary brain structures comprising the aligned myelinated fibres of the corpus callosum (CC) and the laminin (LN)-rich basal lamina of blood vessels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of these environments regulates GIC migration, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to recapitulate the composition and the topographic properties of the cerebral ECM in the migration of GICs, we have set up a new aligned polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived nanofiber (NF) scaffold. This system is suitable for drug screening as well as discrimination of the migration potential of different glioblastoma stem cells. Functionalisation with LN increases the spatial anisotropy of migration and modulates its mode from collective to single cell migration. Mechanistically, equally similar to what has been observed for mesenchymal migration of GBM in vivo, is the upregulation of galectin-3 and integrin-β1 in Gli4 cells migrating on our NF scaffold. Downregulation of Calpain-2 in GICs migrating in vivo along the CC and in vitro on LN-coated NF underlines a difference in the turnover of focal adhesion (FA) molecules between single-cell and collective types of migration.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae surface-associated proteases cleave bradykinin, substance P, neurokinin A and neuropeptide Y
Authors: Jarocki Veronica Maria , Raymond Benjamin Bernard Armando , Tacchi Jessica Leigh , Padula Matthew Paul , Djordjevic Steven Philip 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically-devastating and geographically-widespread pathogen that colonises ciliated epithelium, and destroys mucociliary function. M. hyopneumoniae devotes ~5% of its reduced genome to encode members of the P97 and P102 adhesin families that are critical for colonising epithelial cilia, but mechanisms to impair mucociliary clearance and manipulate host immune response to induce a chronic infectious state have remained elusive. Here we identified two surface exposed M. hyopneumoniae proteases, a putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase (MHJ_0659; PepP) and a putative oligoendopeptidase F (MHJ_0522; PepF), using immunofluorescence microscopy and two orthogonal proteomic methodologies. MHJ_0659 and MHJ_0522 were purified as polyhistidine fusion proteins and shown, using a novel MALDI-TOF MS assay, to degrade four pro-inflammatory peptides that regulate lung homeostasis; bradykinin (BK), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These findings provide insight into the mechanisms used by M. hyopneumoniae to influence ciliary beat frequency, impair mucociliary clearance, and initiate a chronic infectious disease state in swine, features that are a hallmark of disease caused by this pathogen.
Untargeted metabolomic analysis of the carotenoid-based orange coloration in Haliotis gigantea using GC-TOF-MS
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Chen Nan , Tang Bin , Luo Xuan , You Weiwei , Ke Caihuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeafood coloration is typically considered an indicator of quality and nutritional value by consumers. One such seafood is the Xishi abalone (Haliotis gigantea), which displays muscle color polymorphism wherein a small subset of individuals display orange coloration of muscles due to carotenoid enrichment. However, the metabolic basis for carotenoid accumulation has not been thoroughly investigated in marine mollusks. Here, GC-TOF-MS-based untargeted metabolite profiling was used to identify key pathways and metabolites involved in differential carotenoid accumulation in abalones with variable carotenoid contents. Cholesterol was the most statistically significant metabolite that differentiated abalones with orange muscles against those with common white muscles. This observation is likely due to the competitive interactions between cholesterol and carotenoids during cellular absorption. In addition, the accumulation of carotenoids was also related to fatty acid contents. Overall, this study indicates that metabolomics can reflect physiological changes in organisms and provides a useful framework for exploring the mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation in abalone types.
Dihydromyricetin affects BDNF levels in the nervous system in rats with comorbid diabetic neuropathic pain and depression
Authors: Ge Huixiang , Guan Shu , Shen Yulin , Sun Mengyun , Hao Yuanzhen , He Lingkun , Liu Lijuan , Yin Cancan , Huang Ruoyu , Xiong Wei , Gao Yun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and depression (DP) are the common complications in patients with diabetes. The purpose of our research was to observe whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the nervous system have effects on rats with comorbid DNP and DP, and to determine whether dihydromyricetin (DHM) may influence BDNF/ TrkB pathway to mitigatethe comorbidity. The study showed that DHM treatment could attenuates pain and depressive behavior in DNP and DP combined rats. Compared with the control group, the expression level of BDNF/TrkB in the hippocampus of DNP + DP group were reduced, while the expression levels in the spinal cord and DRG were increased. However, after treatment with DHM, those changes were reversed. Compared with the control group, the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus, spinal cord and DRG in the DNP + DP group was significantly increased, and DHM treatment could reduce the increase. Thus our study indicated that DHM can relief symptoms of DNP and DP by suppressing the BDNF/TrkB pathway and the proinflammatory factor, and BDNF/TrkB pathway may be an effective target for treatment of comorbid DNP and DP.
HspX promotes the polar localization of mycobacterial protein aggregates
Authors: Zhang Yi-Wei , Zhu Jun-Hao , Wang Zhen-Qi , Wu You , Meng Xianbin , Zheng Xuhui , Javid Babak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMisfolding of translated proteins occurs in all domains of life. In most cells, misfolded proteins coalesce in discrete aggregates at distinct cellular locations. In many bacteria, including mycobacteria, protein aggregates are located at the cellular pole. Yet the mechanism by which aggregates are sorted to the mycobacterial pole is not known. Here, we show that in Mycobacterium smegmatis, the small heat shock protein HspX plays a critical role in the polar localization of aggregates of a model fluorescent misfolded protein, GLR103. HspX itself has a polar localization, which is dependent on its N-terminal domain. In a strain deleted for hspX, GLR103 is less liable to aggregation and no longer localizes to the pole, and redirecting HspX to the septum radically disrupts the normal polar localization of GLR103 aggregates. To further investigate the role of HspX in native protein aggregation, we performed semi-quantitative mass-spectrometry of mycobacterial protein aggregates in wild-type, hspX-deleted and hspX-overexpressing strains. We identified a subset of proteins that appeared to be HspX-dependent for aggregate formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for validated native protein aggregates, sorting to the cellular pole following proteotoxic stress required HspX. In summary, we have identified the cellular function of HspX in Mycobacterium smegmatis as both a pro-aggregase and polar sortase.
Modulatory Effect of Protein and Carotene Dietary Levels on Pig gut Microbiota
Authors: González-Prendes Rayner , Pena Ramona Natacha , Solé Emma , Seradj Ahmad Reza , Estany Joan , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study we investigated the impact of dietary protein and carotene levels on microbial functions and composition during the last month of purebred fattening Duroc pigs. Fecal microbiota was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing at two points of live, 165 (T1) and 195 (T2) days. From 70 to 165 days of age, 32 pigs were divided into two groups fed either a standard-protein (SP) or a low-protein (LP) diet. In the last month (165–195 days), all pigs received a LP diet, either carotene-enriched (CE) or not (NC). Significant differences were observed between T1 and T2 at Amplicon Sequences Variants (ASVs), phylum and genus levels. In T1 group,Prevotella,FaecalibacteriumandTreponemawere the genera most influenced by dietary protein, together with predicted functions related with the degradation of protein. In contrast, the CE diet did not impact the microbiome diversity, although 160 ASVs were differentially abundant between CE and NC groups at T2. Weak stability of enterotype clusters across time-points was observed as consequence of medium-term dietary interventions. Our results suggest that during the last month of fattening, dietary protein have a stronger effect than carotenes on the modulation of the compositional and functional structure of the pig microbiota.
Wastewater leakage in West Texas revealed by satellite radar imagery and numerical modeling
Authors: Zheng Weiyu , Kim Jin-Woo , Ali Syed Tabrez , Lu Zhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWastewater, a byproduct of oil and gas production, is injected into disposal wells. Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to observe ground deformation in the Ken Regan field, West Texas, we detected surface uplift that occurred near a wastewater disposal well from 2007 to 2011. High correlation between the observed deformation and the injection volume suggests that the uplift was caused by wastewater disposal in the well. Inverse elastic models were first used to calculate the injection depth and volume. Given the initial estimates of wastewater injection, forward poroelastic finite element models were applied to simulate stress/strain and displacement fields and to estimate the effective injection volume and depth, so as to ultimately understand the subsurface geomechanical processes and provide insight into the local hydrologic properties of the strata in the well location. Results from both elastic and poroelastic models indicate that the effective injection depth is much shallower than the depth reported to the Texas Railroad Commission (RRC). The most reasonable explanation is that the well was experiencing leakage due to casing failures and/or sealing problem(s). The Rustler Aquifer, within the zone of the effective injection depth, has been used as a source of freshwater for irrigation and livestock; wastewater leaked into this aquifer may possibly contaminate that freshwater. Our analysis that exploits remote sensing data and numerical models provides a clue as to understanding the subsurface hydrogeological process responding to the oil and gas activities and an indirect leakage monitoring method to supplement current infrequent leakage detection.
Dry Spells and Extreme Precipitation are The Main Trigger of Landslides in Central Europe
Authors: Tichavský Radek , Ballesteros-Cánovas Juan Antonio , Šilhán Karel , Tolasz Radim , Stoffel Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLandslides are frequently triggered by extreme meteorological events which has led to concern and debate about their activity in a future greenhouse climate. It is also hypothesized that dry spells preceding triggering rainfall may increase slope predisposition to sliding, especially in the case of clay-rich soils. Here we combined dendrogeomorphic time series of landslides and climatic records to test the possible role of dry spells and extreme downpours on process activity in the Outer Western Carpathians (Central Europe). To this end, we tested time series of past frequencies and return periods of landslide reactivations at the regional scale with a Generalized Linear Mixed (GLM) model to explore linkages between landslide occurrences and triggering climate variables. Results show that landslide reactivations are concentrated during years in which spring and summer precipitation sums were significantly higher than usual, and that triggering mechanisms vary between different types of landslides (i.e. complex, shallow or flow-like). The GLM model also points to the susceptibility of landslide bodies to the combined occurrence of long, dry spells followed by large precipitation. Such situations are likely to increase in frequency in the future as climate models predict an enhancement of heatwaves and dry spells in future summers, that would be interrupted by less frequent, yet more intense storms, especially also in mountain regions.