bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender based normative values of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in school age children
Authors: Maharjan Sanjay , Khadka Rita , Poudel Bishnu Hari , Ghimire Nisha , Agrawal Kopila , Gautam Vikash , Limbu Nirmala 
Published: May 2018

Background: Male and female brain develops differently. Gender is one of biological variables that influence visual evoked potentials (VEP). Some previous studies support the existence of sex related VEP difference while others not. This study is an attempt to explore if any difference exists in VEP responses between genders of children age seven to 10 years with an additional aim of documenting preliminary normative VEP data.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on consenting children taken from parents (n=76; girls, n=41, age = 8.39±1.11years; boys, n=35, age =8.40±1.09 years). Pattern reversal VEP of these children was recorded as per standard method. Latencies of N75, P100, and N145 (ms); amplitude of P100 (μV) and ratio; interocular asymmetry (ms) of both eyes were calculated. Unpaired t-test was applied for statistical analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to the study. Result: Girls had decreased VEP latency of P100 than boys in left eye (108.15±8.42 vs. 112.71±11.17ms, p = 0.046), in right eye (107.71±8.52 vs. 114.46±10.98 ms, p = 0.004), and in combination of both eyes (107.92±8.07 vs. 113.58±10.36 ms, p = 0.009). Likewise, girls had decreased VEP latency of N75 than boys in right eye (67.44±6.77 vs. 71.29±8.07 ms, p = 0.027) and in combined eyes (67.23±5.19 vs. 70.14±7.31 ms, p = 0.047). A gender difference in P100 amplitude was not detected.Conclusion: Visual evoked potential differs with gender in prepubertal children aged seven to 10 years.
Modeling transcriptional activation changes to Gal4 variants via structure-based computational mutagenesis
Authors: Masso Majid , Rao Nitin , Pyarasani Purnima 
Published: May 2018

As a DNA binding transcriptional activator, Gal4 promotes the expression of genes responsible for galactose metabolism. The Gal4 protein fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae(baker’s yeast) has become a model for studying eukaryotic transcriptional activation in general because its regulatory properties mirror those of several eukaryotic organisms, including mammals. Given the availability of a crystallographic structure for Gal4, here we implement anin silicomutagenesis technique that makes use of a four-body knowledge-based energy function, in order to empirically quantify the structural impacts associated with single residue substitutions on the Gal4 protein. These results were used to examine the structure-function relationship in Gal4 based on a recently published experimental mutagenesis study, whereby functional changes to a uniformly distributed set of 1,068 single residue Gal4 variants were obtained by measuring their transcriptional activation levels relative to wild-type. A significant correlation was observed between computed (scalar) structural effect data and measured activity values for this collection of single residue Gal4 variants. Additionally, attribute vectors quantifying position-specific environmental impacts were generated for each of the Gal4 variants via computational mutagenesis, and we implemented supervised classification and regression statistical machine learning algorithms to train predictive models of variant Gal4 activity based on these structural changes. All models performed well under cross-validation testing, with balanced accuracy reaching 91% among the classification models, and with the actual and predicted activity values displaying a correlation as high asr = 0.80 for the regression models. Reliable predictions of transcriptional activation levels for Gal4 variants that have yet to be studied can be instantly generated by submitting their respective structure-based feature vectors to the trained models for testing. Such a computational pre-screening of Gal4 variants may potentially reduce costs associated with running large-scale mutagenesis experiments.
РОССИЙСКИЕ РАБОЧИЕ СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ТЕОРИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА*, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Латова Наталия Валерьевна 
Published: May 2018

В современном обществоведческом дискурсе существуют две трактовки понятия “человеческий капитал”. Использование его в классическом (узком) значении дает исследователю благо­приятные возможности получения количественных данных об уровне обученности работников, помогает зафиксировать и описать тот объем квалификационного ресурса, которым люди оперируют на рынке труда. Так, компаративистское исследование ряда стран (на данных Международной программы социальных исследований ISSP “Трудовая деятельность” 2015 г.) выявило хороший уровень базового образования российских рабочих, а также накопления ими опыта в процессе трудовой деятельности (то есть общего и специфического человеческого капитала). В то же время среди российских рабочих мало практикуется повышение квалификации и дополнительное образование. Стремление получить продвинутое базовое образование (вплоть до высшего) выглядит иррациональным на фоне дальнейшего полного пренебрежения к обучению как таковому. ­Понять такую модель поведения российских рабочих в рамках классической трактовки человеческого капитала представляется затруднительным. Разрешить парадоксы поведения в сфере трудовой занятости помогает более широкая трактовка человеческого капитала, включающая помимо образовательных характеристик более разнообразный спектр показателей. При таком подходе человеческий капитал - это не только сами по себе профессиональные умения и знания, но и некоторые ментальные характеристики, тесно связанные с нормами национальной культуры. Изучение этой проблемы основывалось на данных всероссийского исследования, проведенного в 2010 г. Институтом социологии РАН по методике Г. Хофстеда VSM94. Концепция человеческого капитала в такой интерпретации приобретает большую объяснительную силу (позволяя рассматривать поведение людей не только как сугубо рациональное), давая выходы на теорию и практику менеджмента. В рамках этого подхода изучение культурных норм дает понимание того, что в российской трудовой культуре регулярное повышение квалификации (то есть обновление человеческого капитала) не является общепризнанной ценностью, ибо такого рода поведение во многом зависит от наличия у трудящегося стремления к личному успеху, желания и способности к самопрезентации и т.д. В то же время производственная культура российских рабочих, отражающаяся в культурных показателях Г. Хофстеда, хорошо сочетается с исконно российской высокоэффективной организацией труда в форме артелей.
Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on a MoS2 Catalyst: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Zhang Ling , Ji Xuqiang , Ren Xiang , Ma Yongjun , Shi Xifeng , Tian Ziqi , Asiri Abdullah M. , Chen Liang , Tang Bo , Sun Xuping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe discovery of stable and noble‐metal‐free catalysts toward efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) is highly desired and significantly critical for the earth nitrogen cycle. Here, based on the theoretical predictions, MoS2 is first utilized to catalyze the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Electrochemical tests reveal that such catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency (1.17%) and NH3 yield (8.08 × 10−11 mol s−1 cm−1) at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 m Na2SO4. Even in acidic conditions, where strong hydrogen evolution reaction occurs, MoS2 is still active for the NRR. This work represents an important addition to the growing family of transition‐metal‐based catalysts with advanced performance in NRR.
Machine Detection of Enhanced Electromechanical Energy Conversion in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Thin Films
Authors: Agar Joshua C. , Cao Ye , Naul Brett , Pandya Shishir , van der Walt Stéfan , Luo Aileen I. , Maher Joshua T. , Balke Nina , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Martin Lane W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany energy conversion, sensing, and microelectronic applications based on ferroic materials are determined by the domain structure evolution under applied stimuli. New hyperspectral, multidimensional spectroscopic techniques now probe dynamic responses at relevant length and time scales to provide an understanding of how these nanoscale domain structures impact macroscopic properties. Such approaches, however, remain limited in use because of the difficulties that exist in extracting and visualizing scientific insights from these complex datasets. Using multidimensional band‐excitation scanning probe spectroscopy and adapting tools from both computer vision and machine learning, an automated workflow is developed to featurize, detect, and classify signatures of ferroelectric/ferroelastic switching processes in complex ferroelectric domain structures. This approach enables the identification and nanoscale visualization of varied modes of response and a pathway to statistically meaningful quantification of the differences between those modes. Among other things, the importance of domain geometry is spatially visualized for enhancing nanoscale electromechanical energy conversion.
Bioinspired Diselenide‐Bridged Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Dual‐Responsive Protein Delivery
Authors: Shao Dan , Li Mingqiang , Wang Zheng , Zheng Xiao , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Chang Zhimin , Zhang Fan , Lu Mengmeng , Yue Juan , Hu Hanze , Yan Huize , Chen Li , Dong Wen‐fei , Leong Kam W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControlled delivery of protein therapeutics remains a challenge. Here, the inclusion of diselenide‐bond‐containing organosilica moieties into the framework of silica to fabricate biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with oxidative and redox dual‐responsiveness is reported. These diselenide‐bridged MSNs can encapsulate cytotoxic RNase A into the 8–10 nm internal pores via electrostatic interaction and release the payload via a matrix‐degradation controlled mechanism upon exposure to oxidative or redox conditions. After surface cloaking with cancer‐cell‐derived membrane fragments, these bioinspired RNase A‐loaded MSNs exhibit homologous targeting and immune‐invasion characteristics inherited from the source cancer cells. The efficient in vitro and in vivo anti‐cancer performance, which includes increased blood circulation time and enhanced tumor accumulation along with low toxicity, suggests that these cell‐membrane‐coated, dual‐responsive degradable MSNs represent a promising platform for the delivery of bio‐macromolecules such as protein and nucleic acid therapeutics.
Suppressing Surface Lattice Oxygen Release of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials via Heterostructured Spinel Li4Mn5O12 Coating
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Dong , Shi Ji‐Lei , Liang Jia‐Yan , Yin Ya‐Xia , Zhang Jie‐Nan , Yu Xi‐Qian , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLithium‐rich layered oxides with the capability to realize extraordinary capacity through anodic redox as well as classical cationic redox have spurred extensive attention. However, the oxygen‐involving process inevitably leads to instability of the oxygen framework and ultimately lattice oxygen release from the surface, which incurs capacity decline, voltage fading, and poor kinetics. Herein, it is identified that this predicament can be diminished by constructing a spinel Li4Mn5O12 coating, which is inherently stable in the lattice framework to prevent oxygen release of the lithium‐rich layered oxides at the deep delithiated state. The controlled KMnO4 oxidation strategy ensures uniform and integrated encapsulation of Li4Mn5O12 with structural compatibility to the layered core. With this layer suppressing oxygen release, the related phase transformation and catalytic side reaction that preferentially start from the surface are consequently hindered, as evidenced by detailed structural evolution during Li+ extraction/insertion. The heterostructure cathode exhibits highly competitive energy‐storage properties including capacity retention of 83.1% after 300 cycles at 0.2 C, good voltage stability, and favorable kinetics. These results highlight the essentiality of oxygen framework stability and effectiveness of this spinel Li4Mn5O12 coating strategy in stabilizing the surface of lithium‐rich layered oxides against lattice oxygen escaping for designing high‐performance cathode materials for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.
Toward Long‐Term Stable and Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells via Effective Charge Transporting Materials
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Yue Youfeng , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced quickly with their power conversion efficiency approaching the record of silicon solar cells. However, there is still a big challenge to obtain both high efficiency and long‐term stability for future commercialization of PSCs. The major instability issue is associated with the decomposition or phase transition of perovskite materials that are believed to be intrinsically unstable under outdoor working conditions. Herein, the authors review the approaches that marked important progress in developing new functional electron/hole transporting materials that enabled highly efficient and stable PSCs. The findings that accelerate charge diffusion and that suppress the irrevocable loss of ions diffusing out of perovskite materials and other diffusion processes are highlighted. In addition, derivative interface engineering methods to control the diffusion process of charges/ions/molecules are also reviewed. Finally, the authors propose key research issues in charge transporting materials and interface engineering with regard to the important diffusion processes that will be one of the keys to realize highly efficient and long‐term stable PSCs.
Surface Engineering of TiO2 ETL for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis‐Less Planar Perovskite Solar Cell (21.4%) with Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage and Stability
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj , Tavakoli Rouhollah , Kong Jing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInterfacial studies and band alignment engineering on the electron transport layer (ETL) play a key role for fabrication of high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, an amorphous layer of SnO2 (a‐SnO2) between the TiO2 ETL and the perovskite absorber is inserted and the charge transport properties of the device are studied. The double‐layer structure of TiO2 compact layer (c‐TiO2) and a‐SnO2 ETL leads to modification of interface energetics, resulting in improved charge collection and decreased carrier recombination in PSCs. The optimized device based on a‐SnO2/c‐TiO2 ETL shows a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% as compared to 19.33% for c‐TiO2 based device. Moreover, the modified device demonstrates a maximum open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.223 V with 387 mV loss in potential, which is among the highest reported value for PSCs with negligible hysteresis. The stability results show that the device on c‐TiO2/a‐SnO2 retains about 91% of its initial PCE value after 500 h light illumination, which is higher than pure c‐TiO2 (67%) based devices. Interestingly, using a‐SnO2/c‐TiO2 ETL the PCE loss was only 10% of initial value under continuous UV light illumination after 30 h, which is higher than that of c‐TiO2 based device (28% PCE loss).
N‐Doped Graphene Modified 3D Porous Cu Current Collector toward Microscale Homogeneous Li Deposition for Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wen Shuaiwei , Wang Ning , Qin Kaiqiang , Liu Enzuo , Shi Chunsheng , Zhao Naiqin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLithium metal is the most promising anode material for high‐energy‐density batteries due to its high specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1 and low reduction potential of −3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode. However, huge volume change, safety concerns, and low efficiency impede the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Herein, it is shown that the nitrogen‐doped graphene modified 3D porous Cu (3DCu@NG) current collector can mitigate the above problems. The N‐doped graphene, coating on the surface of 3D current collector, not only contributes to a uniform Li+ flux, but also leads to a scattered distribution of electrons throughout the surface, finally contributing to a uniform Li deposition and the improved electrochemical performance. In addition, the continuously porous structure of 3DCu@NG provides a space for the metallic Li deposition and could effectually accommodate the volume expansion during cycling. As a result, the Li‐3DCu@NG anode exhibits a high areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2, a high Li utilization of ≈98%, and an ultralow voltage hysteresis of ≈19 mV. The multifunctional N‐doped graphene modified 3D porous current collector promisingly provides a strategy for safe and high‐energy lithium metal anodes.
CuS Microspheres with Tunable Interlayer Space and Micropore as a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Yuanhua , Su Dangcheng , Wang Xuezhao , Wu Shide , Zhou Liming , Shi Ying , Fang Shaoming , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLayered transition metal sulfides (LTMSs) have tremendous commercial potential in anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) in large‐scale energy storage application. However, it is a great challenge for most LTMS electrodes to have long cycling life and high‐rate capability due to their larger volume expansion and the formation of soluble polysulfide intermediates caused by the conversion reaction. Herein, layered CuS microspheres with tunable interlayer space and pore volumes are reported through a cost‐effective interaction method using a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The CuS–CTAB microsphere as an anode for SIBs reveals a high reversible capacity of 684.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and 312.5 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 1000 cycles with high capacity retention of 90.6%. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique structure of this material, and a high pseudocapacitive contribution ensures its high‐rate performance. Moreover, in situ X‐ray diffraction is applied to investigate their sodium storage mechanism. It is found that the long chain CTAB in the CuS provides buffer space, traps polysulfides, and restrains the further growth of Cu particles during the conversion reaction process that ensure the long cycling stability and high reversibility of the electrode material.
Carbenes and Nitrenes: Recent Developments in Fundamental Chemistry
Authors: Wentrup Curt 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbenes and nitrenes can exist in both singlet and triplet states, sometimes equally stable and interconverting either thermally or photochemically. Many carbene and nitrene reactions proceed via tunneling at low temperatures. Numerous singlet and triplet states have been characterized spectroscopically, and a detailed understanding of the chemical and physical properties of carbenes and nitrenes is emerging. There has been significant progress in the direct observation of carbenes, nitrenes, and many other reactive intermediates in recent years through the application of matrix photolysis and flash vacuum pyrolysis linked with matrix isolation at cryogenic temperatures. Our understanding of singlet and triplet states has improved through the interplay of spectroscopy and computations. Bistable carbenes and nitrenes as well as many examples of tunneling have been discovered and numerous rearrangements and fragmentations have been documented. The correlation of the zero‐field splitting parameter D with calculated spin densities on nitrenes and carbenes is discussed. This Minireview gives an overview of some of these developments.
Low‐Bandgap Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Layered Double Perovskite: Synthesis, Reversible Thermal Changes, and Magnetic Interaction
Authors: Singhal Nancy , Chakraborty Rayan , Ghosh Prasenjit , Nag Angshuman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDouble perovskites (DPs) with a generic formula A2M′(I)MIIIX6 (A and M are metal ions, and X=Cl, Br, I) are now being explored as potential alternatives to Pb‐halide perovskites for solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. However, these DPs typically suffer from wide (≈3 eV) and/or indirect band gaps. In 2017, a new structural variety, namely layered halide DP Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) with bivalent CuII ion in the place of M′(I) was reported, which exhibit a band gap of approximately 1 eV. Here, we report a mechanochemical synthesis of CCSC, its thermal and chemical stability, and magnetic response of CuII d9 electrons controlling the optoelectronic properties. A simple grinding of precursor salts at ambient conditions provides a stable and scalable product. CCSC is stable in water/acetone solvent mixtures (≈30 % water) and many other polar solvents unlike Pb‐halide perovskites. It decomposes to Cs3Sb2Cl9, Cs2CuCl4, and SbCl3 at 210 °C, but the reaction can be reversed back to produce CCSC at lower temperatures and high humidity. A long‐range magnetic ordering is observed in CCSC even at room temperature. The role of such magnetic ordering in controlling the dispersion of the conduction band, and therefore, controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of CCSC has been discussed.
Integrative interaction analysis using threshold gradient directed regularization
Authors: Li Yang , Li Rong , Qin Yichen , Wu Mengyun , Ma Shuangge 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor many complex business and industry problems, high‐dimensional data collection and modeling have been conducted. It has been shown that interactions may have important implications beyond the main effects. The number of unknown parameters in an interaction analysis can be larger or much larger than the sample size. As such, results generated from analyzing a single data set are often unsatisfactory. Integrative analysis, which jointly analyzes the raw data from multiple independent studies, has been conducted in a series of recent studies and shown to outperform single–data set analysis, meta‐analysis, and other multi–data set analyses. In this study, our goal is to conduct integrative analysis in interaction analysis. For regularized estimation and selection of important interactions (and main effects), we apply a threshold gradient directed regularization approach. Advancing from the existing studies, the threshold gradient directed regularization approach is modified to respect the “main effects, interactions” hierarchy. The proposed approach has an intuitive formulation and is computationally simple and broadly applicable. Simulations and the analyses of financial early warning system data and news‐APP (application) recommendation behavior data demonstrate its satisfactory practical performance.
A BIC‐based consistent metric between Markovian processes
Authors: García Jesús E. , Gholizadeh R. , González‐López V. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of deciding if two independent samples coming from discrete Markovian processes are governed by the same stochastic law. We establish a local metric between samples based on the Bayesian information criterion. In addition, we derive the bound that must be used in this metric to take the decision. In the case on which is decided that the laws are not the same, the metric allows to detect the specific elements of the state space where the discrepancies are manifested. We prove that the metric is statistically consistent to detect if the samples follow the same law, tending to zero when the sample sizes increase. Moreover, we show that the metric assumes arbitrarily large values when the sample sizes increase and the stochastic laws are different. This concept is applied to analyze two lines of production of alcohol fuel, described by five variables each. We identify the variables that most contribute to the discrepancy and, using the local nature of the metric, we list the realizations in which the processes behave differently.