bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting aggression to others in youth with autism using a wearable biosensor
Authors: Goodwin Matthew S. , Mazefsky Carla A. , Ioannidis Stratis , Erdogmus Deniz , Siegel Matthew 
Published: June 2019

Unpredictable and potentially dangerous aggressive behavior by youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can isolate them from foundational educational, social, and familial activities, thereby markedly exacerbating morbidity and costs associated with ASD. This study investigates whether preceding physiological and motion data measured by a wrist‐worn biosensor can predict aggression to others by youth with ASD. We recorded peripheral physiological (cardiovascular and electrodermal activity) and motion (accelerometry) signals from a biosensor worn by 20 youth with ASD (ages 6–17 years, 75% male, 85% minimally verbal) during 69 independent naturalistic observation sessions with concurrent behavioral coding in a specialized inpatient psychiatry unit. We developed prediction models based on ridge‐regularized logistic regression. Our results suggest that aggression to others can be predicted 1 min before it occurs using 3 min of prior biosensor data with an average area under the curve of 0.71 for a global model and 0.84 for person‐dependent models. The biosensor was well tolerated, we obtained useable data in all cases, and no users withdrew from the study. Relatively high predictive accuracy was achieved using antecedent physiological and motion data. Larger trials are needed to further establish an ideal ratio of measurement density to predictive accuracy and reliability. These findings lay the groundwork for the future development of precursor behavior analysis and just‐in‐time adaptive intervention systems to prevent or mitigate the emergence, occurrence, and impact of aggression in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1286–1296. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryUnpredictable aggression can create a barrier to accessing community, therapeutic, medical, and educational services. The present study evaluated whether data from a wearable biosensor can be used to predict aggression to others by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results demonstrate that aggression to others can be predicted 1 min before it occurs with high accuracy, laying the groundwork for the future development of preemptive behavioral interventions and just‐in‐time adaptive intervention systems to prevent or mitigate the emergence, occurrence, and impact of aggression to others in ASD.
Exploring classification of birth defects severity in national hospital discharge databases compared to an active surveillance program
Authors: Matas Jennifer L. , Agana Denny Fe G. , Germanos George J. , Hansen Michael A. , Modak Sanjukta , Tanner Jean Paul , Langlois Peter H. , Salemi Jason L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the extent to which the severity of birth defects could be differentiated using severity of illness (SOI) and risk of mortality (ROM) measures available in national discharge databases.MethodsData from the 2012–14 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify hospitalizations with one or more major birth defects reported annually to the National Birth Defects Prevention Network using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnosis codes. Each hospitalization also contained a 4‐level SOI and 4‐level ROM classification measure. For each birth defect and for each individual birth defect‐related ICD‐9‐CM code, we calculated mean and median SOI and ROM, the proportion of hospitalizations in each level of SOI and ROM, the inpatient mortality rate, and level of agreement between various existing or derived severity proxies in the NIS and the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR).ResultsMean SOI ranged from 1.5 (cleft lip alone) to 3.7 (single ventricle), and mean ROM ranged from 1.1 (cleft lip alone) to 3.9 (anencephaly). As a group, critical congenital heart defects had the highest average number of co‐occurring defects, mean SOI, and ROM, whereas orofacial and genitourinary defects had the lowest SOI and ROM. We found strong levels of agreement between TBDR severity classifications and NIS severity classifications defined using Level 3 or 4 SOI or ROM Level 3 or 4.ConclusionsThis preliminary investigation demonstrated how severity indices of birth defects could be differentiated and compared to a severity algorithm of an existing surveillance program.
Post‐Transcriptional Noise Control
Authors: Hansen Maike M. K. , Weinberger Leor S. 
Published: June 2019

Recent evidence indicates that transcriptional bursts are intrinsically amplified by messenger RNA cytoplasmic processing to generate large stochastic fluctuations in protein levels. These fluctuations can be exploited by cells to enable probabilistic bet‐hedging decisions. But large fluctuations in gene expression can also destabilize cell‐fate commitment. Thus, it is unclear if cells temporally switch from high to low noise, and what mechanisms enable this switch. Here, the discovery of a post‐transcriptional mechanism that attenuates noise in HIV is reviewed. Early in its life cycle, HIV amplifies transcriptional fluctuations to probabilistically select alternate fates, whereas at late times, HIV utilizes a post‐transcriptional feedback mechanism to commit to a specific fate. Reanalyzing various reported post‐transcriptional negative feedback architectures reveals that they attenuate noise more efficiently than classic transcriptional autorepression, leading to the derivation of an assay to detect post‐transcriptional motifs. It is hypothesized that coupling transcriptional and post‐transcriptional autoregulation enables efficient temporal noise control to benefit developmental bet‐hedging decisions.
An undergraduate laboratory module that uses the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate frameshift mutations in yeast
Authors: de Waal Eric , Tran Thomas , Abbondanza Domenic , Dey Arup , Peterson Celeste 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for gene editing and it has become increasingly important for biology students to understand this emerging technique. Most CRISPR laboratory teaching modules use complex metazoan systems or mammalian cell culture which can be expensive. Here, we present a lab module that engages students in learning the fundamentals of CRISPR/Cas9 methodology using the simple and inexpensive model system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Students use CRISPR/Cas9 and nonhomologous end joining to generate frameshift insertion and deletion mutations in the CAN1 gene, which are easily selected for using media plates that have canavanine. DNA sequencing is also performed to determine what type of mutation occurred in gene‐edited cells. This easy to implement set of experiments has been run as both a 5‐week and a shorter 3‐week lab module. Learning assessments demonstrate increased understanding in CRISPR‐related concepts as well as increased confidence using molecular techniques. Thus, this CRISPR/Cas9 lab module can be added to an existing Genetics, Microbiology, or Molecular Biology lab course to help undergraduate students learn current gene editing techniques with limited effort and cost. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):573–580, 2019.
Lack of association between serum homocysteine level and middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Huang Chao , Liu Ruihua , Liu Chao , Ma Congmin , Ren Xiangyang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesLowering homocysteine (HCY) has beneficial effects on vascular events in primary prevention but not in secondary prevention. Research on serum HCY level and middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis is lacking. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between these factors and provide more evidence for the prevention of ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 412 patients (35–93 years old) in the Neurology Department were recruited. Data of clinical and biochemical vascular risk factors were collected. MCA stenosis, including M1, M2, and M3, was determined by brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and classified into stenosis or no stenosis. The differences and associations were analyzed by relevant statistical methods.ResultsThere was no significant difference (p = 0.325) in HCY levels between the MCA stenosis and no stenosis groups at baseline. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was no significant association between HCY levels and MCA stenosis (p = 0.447). After the two groups were matched for age and sex, there was still no difference (p = 0.540 for males and 0.061 for females) or association (p = 0.709 for males and 0.098 for females). In addition, we found that ischemic stroke was more prevalent in the MCA stenosis group and uric acid was higher in males with MCA stenosis.ConclusionsThe study indicates a lack of association between serum HCY level and MCA stenosis, which may partially explain the negative results of secondary prevention clinical trials focused on lowering serum HCY level. Future studies on HCY reduction should focus more on primary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Chief executive officer attributes, sustainable performance, environmental performance, and environmental reporting: New insights from upper echelons perspective
Authors: Shahab Yasir , Ntim Collins G. , Chen Yugang , Ullah Farid , Li Hai‐Xia , Ye Zhiwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) attributes on sustainable performance, environmental performance, and environmental reporting, which are motivated by institutionally driven environmental policies, regulations, and management in the context of Chinese listed firms. With the use of a comprehensive dataset of 2,854 Chinese listed firms over the 2010–2017 period (i.e., making over 16,000 individual firm‐year observations), our findings are fourfold. First, our overall findings reveal that CEOs with research background tend to engage more in activities that improve sustainable performance, environmental performance, and environmental reporting than do those without research background. Second, CEOs with financial expertise are positively linked with increased sustainable performance and environmental reporting. Third, CEOs with foreign exposure are more eager to engage in activities that enhance sustainable and environmental performance than do those without foreign exposure. Fourth, young CEOs tend to take actions that reduce both sustainable and environmental performance than do their older counterparts. We interpret our results within upper echelons theoretical perspective. The results are robust to alternative measures, potential endogeneities, and sample selection problems.
Electronic medical record‐verified hepatitis C virus screening in a large health system
Authors: Kasting Monica L. , Giuliano Anna R. , Reich Richard R. , Duong Linh M. , Rathwell Julie , Roetzheim Richard G. , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundBaby boomers are at increased risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and related cancer; therefore, one‐time HCV screening is recommended.MethodsTo assess prevalence of, and factors associated with providers ordering HCV screening, we examined a retrospective cohort of electronic medical records for patient visits from 01 August 2015 until 31 July 2017 in a large health system. HCV screening ordered was examined by patient age, gender, race/ethnicity, provider specialty, and number of clinical visits, stratified by birth cohort: born ≤1945, 1945‐1965 (baby boomers), 1966‐1985, and ≥1985. Multivariable regression identified factors independently associated with HCV screening ordered among average risk baby boomers.ResultsA total of 65 114 patients ages ≥18 years were evaluated. Among baby boomers HCV screening test order increased threefold between the two study years (4.0%‐12.9%). Odds of screening test ordered were significantly higher for non‐Hispanic Blacks (multivariable adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.36; 95% CI = 1.19‐1.55), males (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.33‐1.57), and having a clinic visit with a primary care provider alone or with specialty care (aOR = 3.25‐4.16). Medicare (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80‐0.99), Medicaid (aOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.80‐0.99), and an unknown provider type (aOR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.08‐0.33), were associated with lower odds of screening tests ordered.ConclusionsWhile the proportion of baby boomers with an HCV screening test ordered increased during the study, the rate of screening remains far below national goals. Data from this study indicate that providers are not ordering HCV screening universally for all of their baby boomer patients. Continued efforts to increase HCV screening are needed to reduce the incidence of HCV‐related morbidity and mortality.
Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: Role of tumor‐associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Danyang , Cang Huaixing , Guo Bo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTumor microenvironment is a complex system that contains multiple cells and cytokines. Among the multiple immune cells, macrophage is particularly abundant and plays an important role throughout the tumor progression process, namely, tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) in this special tumor microenvironment. Many kinds of cytokines from TAMs and other immune cells in tumor niche are involved in the linkage of inflammation, immunity and tumorigenesis. Inflammatory responses induced by TAMs are crucial to tumor development of different stages. This review highlights the critical role of TAMs in the linkage of inflammation, immunity, and cancer. It outlines the molecules of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors mainly from TAMs in tumor microenvironment and their functions in tumor development during the major issues of angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and immune suppression. Additionally, the signaling pathways involved in tumor progression and the crosstalk between them are also summarized.
Antiproliferative Activity of Chemically Characterized Propolis from Turkey and Its Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Aru Başak , Güzelmeric Etil , Akgül Aslı , Demirel Gülderen Yanıkkaya , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of propolis originated from northern Turkey for its antiproliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle arrest promoting effects on MCF7, HGC27, A549 cancer cell lines and a healthy cell line (HUVEC) in terms of DNA content, morphological features, expression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins p21, p53, Cyclin D1 and immune checkpoint protein PD‐L1. The extract showed moderate antiproliferative activity against all tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 58.6–90.7 μg/mL in MTS assay. Further studies indicated that propolis extract exerted apoptotic effect on cancer cell lines, promoted cell cycle arrest through activation of p21 and resulted in accumulation at G0/G1 phase of cancer cells. Propolis treatment caused increased cell size, according to fluorescent imaging except for MCF7. HPTLC analysis revealed that 3‐O‐methylquercetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, CAPE, galangin and pinocembrin were the main components of the extract. The amounts of caffeic acid and CAPE in the extract were found to be 5.5 and 11.1 mg/g, respectively, by a validated HPLC method. Our study is the first one, revealing effect of propolis on PD‐L1 expression on certain cancer cell lines.
Effect of Operating Parameters on Gas‐Solid Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer in a Spouted Bed
Authors: Luo Kun , Lin Junjie , Wang Shuai , Hu Chenshu , Fan Jianren 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThrough a combined computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method approach, the effect of the operating parameters on the hydrodynamics and heat‐transfer properties of gas‐solid two‐phase flows in a spouted bed are extensively investigated. Considering the high velocity in the fountain region, gas turbulence is resolved by employing the large‐eddy simulation. The rolling friction model is adopted for more precise predictions of solid behavior near the wall. Subsequently, the gas‐solid flow patterns, gas‐solid velocities, and temperature evolution are investigated. Moreover, different operating conditions and geometry configurations are evaluated with respect to heat‐transfer performance. The results provide a fundamental understanding of heat‐transfer mechanisms in spouted beds.
Acyclic Stereocontrol in the Additions of Nucleophilic Alkenes to α‐Chiral N‐Sulfonyl Imines
Authors: Moore Lucas C. , Lo Anna , Fell Jason S. , Duong Matthew R. , Moreno Jose A. , Rich Barry E. , Bravo Martin , Fettinger James C. , Souza Lucas W. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Houk Kendall N. , Shaw Jared T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiastereoselective Lewis acid‐mediated additions of nucleophilic alkenes to N‐sulfonyl imines are reported. The canonical polar Felkin–Anh model describing additions to carbonyls does not adequately describe analogous additions to N‐sulfonyl imines. Herein, we describe the development of conditions to produce both syn and anti products with high diastereoselectivity and good yields. A stereoelectronic model consistent with experimental outcomes is also proposed.
Preoperative PET/CT does not accurately detect extrauterine disease in patients with newly diagnosed high‐risk endometrial cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Stewart Katherine I. , Chasen Beth , Erwin William , Fleming Nicole , Westin Shannon N. , Dioun Shayan , Frumovitz Michael , Ramirez Pedro T. , Lu Karen H. , Wong Franklin , Aloia Thomas A. , Soliman Pamela T. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe identification of extrauterine disease is critical to the management of patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer. The purpose of the current study was to determine the accuracy of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the detection of extrauterine disease.MethodsWomen with high‐risk endometrial cancer were enrolled prospectively and underwent preoperative PET/CT followed by surgery, including sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymphadenectomy. Primary tumor factors on PET/CT were correlated with lymph node pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the detection of lymphadenopathy and peritoneal disease by PET/CT.ResultsA total of 112 patients were enrolled and underwent PET/CT between April 2013 and May 2016, 108 of whom were evaluable. On PET/CT, 21 patients (19.4%) were found to have extrauterine disease, 18 (17%) had positive lymph nodes, and 8 (7%) had peritoneal disease. A total of 108 patients underwent surgery, 103 of whom (95%) underwent lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity of PET/CT to detect positive lymph nodes was 45.8%, with a specificity of 91.1%, positive predictive value of 61.1%, and negative predictive value of 84.7%. The false‐negative rate was 54.2%. There was no difference in primary tumor characteristics on imaging noted between patients with positive and negative lymph nodes. The sensitivity of PET/CT to detect peritoneal disease was 37.5%, with a specificity of 97.8%, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 90.0%. The false‐negative rate was 62.5%.ConclusionsPreoperative PET/CT did not reliably predict the presence of extrauterine disease in women with high‐risk endometrial cancer. Given the high false‐negative rates, PET/CT should not be used in the preoperative treatment planning of these patients.
Co‐expression of opsins in the eye photoreceptor cells of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus
Authors: Matsuo Ryota , Koyanagi Mitsumasa , Nagata Akane , Matsuo Yuko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual opsins coupled with Gq‐type G protein have been considered to be responsible for the vision in mollusks. Recent transcriptomic studies, however, revealed the presence of opsin mRNA belonging to different groups of opsin subfamilies in the eyes of mollusks. In the present study, we found that at least three different opsins, Gq‐coupled rhodopsin, opsin5A, and xenopsin, are co‐expressed in the rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell in the eyes of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus. These opsins were all localized to the microvilli of the rhabdomere. Co‐expression of rhodopsin and opsin5A mRNA was also demonstrated by dual fluorescence in situ hybridization. Co‐expression of multiple opsins in the rhabdomeric photoreceptors cells may explain the previously reported shift in the action spectra of the electroretinogram of eyes of Limax flavus between the light‐ and dark‐adapted states, which was also reproduced in the present study in L. valentianus.
Cell type specific impact of cannabinoid receptor signaling in somatosensory barrel map formation in mice
Authors: Hedrich Jana , Angamo Eskedar A. , Conrad Andrea , Lutz Beat , Luhmann Heiko J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndocannabinoids and their receptors are highly abundant in the developing cerebral cortex and play major roles in early developmental processes, for example, neuronal proliferation, migration, and axonal guidance as well as postnatal plasticity. To investigate the role of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in the formation of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex, the topographic representation of the whiskers in the primary somatosensory cortex (barrel field) of adult mice with different cell type specific genetic deletion of CB1 was studied. A constitutive absence of CB1 (CB1‐KO) significantly decreased the total area of the somatosensory cortical map, affecting barrel, and septal areas. Cell specific CB1 deletion in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons only (Glu‐CB1‐KO) or in both glutamatergic and forebrain GABAergic neurons (Glu/GABA‐CB1‐KO) resulted in an increased septa area in the barrel field map. No significant modifications in area parameters could be observed in GABA‐CB1‐KO mice. These data demonstrate that CB1 signaling especially in cortical glutamatergic neurons is essential for the development of topographic maps in the cerebral cortex.
Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina
Authors: de Mera‐Rodríguez José Antonio , Álvarez‐Hernán Guadalupe , Gañán Yolanda , Martín‐Partido Gervasio , Rodríguez‐León Joaquín , Francisco‐Morcillo Javier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSenescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐GAL) histochemistry is the most commonly used biomarker of cellular senescence. These SA‐β‐GAL‐positive cells are senescent embryonic cells that are usually removed by apoptosis from the embryo, followed by macrophage‐mediated clearance.ResultsSome authors have proposed that SA‐β‐GAL activity in differentiated neurons from young and adult mammals cannot be uniquely attributed to cell senescence, whether in vivo or in vitro. Using the developing visual system of the chicken as a model, the present study found that SA‐β‐GAL detected in the developing retina corresponded to lysosomal β‐galactosidase activity, and that SA‐β‐GAL activity did not correlate with the chronotopographical distribution of apoptotic cells. However, SA‐β‐GAL staining in the undifferentiated retina coincided with the appearance of early differentiating neurons. In the laminated retina, SA‐β‐GAL staining was concentrated in the ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cell layers. The photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells also exhibited SA‐β‐GAL activity throughout retinal development. We have also found that SA‐β‐GAL staining strongly correlated p21 immunoreactivity.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results clearly show that SA‐β‐GAL activity cannot be regarded as a specific marker of senescence during retinal development, and that it is mainly expressed in subpopulations of postmitotic neurons, which are nonproliferative cells, even at early stages of cell differentiation.