bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary phytase with or without multi-carbohydrase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and bone traits in nursery pigs
Authors: Adeshakin Olumide , Koo Bonjin , Patterson Rob , Nyachoti Charles Martin 
Published: October 2024

The aim was to determine the effects of supplementing increasing doses of phytase alone or in combination with a multi-carbohydrase blend to a phosphorus (P)-deficient diet for nursery pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and metacarpal bone characteristics. A total of 192 weaned pigs (7.7 ± 0.05 kg) were allotted to one of eight dietary treatments each with eight replicates in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight. Fecal samples (days 18, 19, and 20) and metacarpal bones (day 21) were collected to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients and bone mineralization, respectively. During week 3 and overall period, increasing doses of phytase quadratically increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gain. The ATTD of ash and P quadratically increased ( P < 0.05) when doses of phytase increased. Phytase had quadratic ( P < 0.05) effects by increasing fat-free dry weight, ash content, and P in metacarpal bone. In conclusion, increasing levels of phytase quadratically improved growth performance in week 2, nutrient digestibility, and bone traits of pigs fed a P-deficient diet. In general, however, there was no effect of multi-carbohydrase supplementation on growth performance and metacarpal characteristics in nursery pigs.
Trans-10 shifted ruminal biohydrogenation and its implications for ruminant milk and meat fat content and quality
Authors: Vahmani Payam , Xu Yanqing , Dugan Michael E. R. , Hackmann Timothy J. 
Published: October 2024

Feeding high-grain diets is a common practice in intensive ruminant production systems to meet animal energy requirements and maximize feed efficiency. One of the consequences of these diets is trans ( t)10 shifted ruminal biohydrogenation, which includes increased formation of t10-18:1 and t10, cis ( c)12-conjugated linoleic acid ( t10, c12-CLA) at the expense of t11-18:1 and c9, t11-CLA. In dairy cows, the t10 shift has been associated with milk fat depression. In beef cattle, the t10 shift has not been associated with negative effects on animal performance or marbling fat deposition; however, it may negatively impact meat fat eating quality by decreasing its cis monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio. Finally, the t10 shift increases t10-18:1 accumulation in ruminant-derived foods (dairy, beef, and lamb), which at high enough levels may compromise the nutritional quality of these foods. The present review will cover our current understanding of the rumen microbes involved in the t10 shift and its implications for milk fat synthesis and beef fat quality.
The effects of corncob and xylanase supplementation on performance, ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal pH, and serum biochemical traits in the broiler chickens
Authors: Ghaffar Osama Rahman , Abdollahi Asrin 
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the effects of corncob as a source of insoluble fibre and xylanase enzyme on broiler chicken performance, ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal pH, and serum biochemical traits. Two hundred fifty six 1-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly given six diets for 24 days: a control diet with 0%, 2.5%, or 5% corncob, with or without xylanase, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Then, chicks were given the control diet with or without xylanase until they reached 42 days. Adding corncob to diets reduced performance during the grower phase ( P ≤ 0.05), but when removed, the performance did not differ from the control ( P ≥ 0.05). Corncob reduced ash digestibility and cholesterol levels ( P ≤ 0.05) while increasing the relative weight of the heart, gizzard, and duodenum and improving the ileal villus high-to-crypt depth ratio ( P ≤ 0.05). The feed conversion ratio increased due to corncob inclusion in diets at the starter and grower phases ( P ≤ 0.05) but did not differ from the control at the finisher phase. Xylanase supplementation improved performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, and reduced cecum weight with digestive tract pH ( P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, adding corncob with xylanase enzyme to broiler chickens’ diet does not negatively impact their performance. On the contrary, it improves the broilers’ health and reduces production costs.
American lobster (Homarus americanus) hepatopancreas transcriptome reveals the significance of chitin-related genes during impoundment shell disease
Authors: Argenta Nicolas , Rampaul Marianna , Clark K. Fraser 
Published: October 2024

American lobsters ( Homarus americanus) stored in open tidal pounds can develop impoundment shell disease (ISD), resulting in decreased marketability of the lobsters on the live market. Little is known about ISD or the immunological responses of lobsters exhibiting this disease. The objective of this project was to identify genes from H. americanus hepatopancreas that are differentially expressed in response to ISD. Lobsters were separated into asymptomatic, moderately symptomatic, and severely symptomatic groups, which represent animals with 0%, 5%–20%, and >20% lesion coverage of the carapace, respectively. RNA-seq analysis found that 134 genes were differentially expressed between groups (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Most, 80, of these genes were found exclusively in the comparison between moderately symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. All animals clustered in their proposed groups based on the expression of the differently expressed genes (DEGs), and the asymptomatic group clustered as an out-group. The expression of most DEGs was higher in the asymptomatic group than the others, which could be related to a stronger response against the disease or differences in individual resistance against ISD development. Among these genes, we highlight eight chitin-related genes, one α-2-macroglobulin-like gene, one acute phase serum amyloid A gene, one pseudohaemocyanin gene, and one trypsin-1-like gene.
Parity and time-reversal violating nuclear forces with explicit $$\Delta $$-excitations
Authors: Gandor L. , Krebs H. , Epelbaum E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe emphasize the usefulness of treating delta resonances as explicit degrees of freedom in applications of chiral effective field theory (EFT) to parity-violating and time-reversal-violating (PVTV) nuclear interactions. Compared with the delta-less framework, the explicit inclusion of the delta isobar allows one to resum certain types of contributions to the PVTV two-pion exchange two- and three-nucleon potentials without at the same time introducing any unknown parameters up to next-to-next-to-leading order in the EFT expansion. We provide the corresponding expressions for the delta contributions in momentum and coordinate spaces and compare the convergence of the EFT expansion in both formulations.
QPOs from charged particles around magnetized black holes in braneworlds
Authors: Rayimbaev Javlon , Murodov Sardor , Shermatov Abubakir , Yusupov Amirkhon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) are a powerful tool for testing gravity theories, probing gravitational and electromagnetic field properties, and obtaining constraints on the black hole and field parameters. This work considers charged particle dynamics near uniformly magnetized black holes in braneworlds. First, we obtain the solution of the Maxwell equation for magnetic fields and calculate the radial and angular magnetic field components. We derive and analyze the effective potential of charged particles for circular orbits and investigate the energy and angular momentum for the circular orbits. We also analyze the combined effects of magnetic interaction and braneworlds on the charged particles’ innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs). We calculate the angular momentum of charged particles in Keplerian orbits in the presence of an external magnetic field and braneworlds. Also, we investigate frequencies of the particle oscillations along vertical and angular directions. We applied our studies on particle oscillations to the QPO studies in the relativistic precession model. Finally, we obtain constraints on magnetic interaction and braneworld parameters together with the black hole mass and QPO orbits using Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulation in the four-dimensional parameter space for the QPOs observed in the microquasars XTE J1550-564, GRO J1655-40 & GRS 1915-105, and at the center of galaxies M82 and Milky Way.
Determination and analysis of spectral fluorescence cross-sections of bacteria aerosols
Authors: Grünewald Karin , Hall Thomas , Fellner Lea , Walter Arne , Kraus Marian , Wilsenack Frank , Duschek Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFluorescence cross-sections of single bacteria provide information on the strength of fluorescence response of bacteria for particular excitation conditions and give hints about a possible distinguishability of bacteria by fluorescence techniques. In this report, the fluorescence cross-sections of dry bacteria aerosols are derived from fluorescence spectra by absolute calibration of the measuring system. The fluorescence is measured in a continuous aerosol flow. The aerosol concentration is calculated from microscopic analyses of bacteria samples taken from the aerosol flow. Established calibration methods such as Mie scattering from monodisperse spheres and Raman scattering from water are applied to the same set of fluorescence spectra. The cross-section data obtained are evaluated with regard to their independency from the applied measuring system. The results are compared to data published in the literature. Polarization effects are identified to contribute to the discrepancies between the different datasets.
Graphical abstract
Bounds on the superconducting transition temperature
Authors: Randeria Mohit 
Published: October 2024

I summarize recent progress on obtaining rigorous upper bounds on superconducting transition temperature [Formula: see text] in two dimensions independent of pairing mechanism or interaction strength. These results are derived by finding a general upper bound for the superfluid stiffness for a multi-band system with arbitrary interactions, with the only assumption that the external vector potential couples to the kinetic energy and not to the interactions. This bound is then combined with the universal relation between the superfluid stiffness and the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless [Formula: see text] in 2D. For parabolic dispersion, one obtains the simple result that [Formula: see text], which has been tested in recent experiments. More generally, the bounds are expressed in terms of the optical spectral weight and lead to stringent constraints for the [Formula: see text] of low-density, strongly correlated superconductors. Results for [Formula: see text] bounds for models of flat-band superconductors, where the kinetic energy vanishes and the vector potential must couple to interactions, are briefly summarized. Upper bounds on [Formula: see text] in 3D remains an open problem, and I describe how questions of universality underlie the challenges in 3D.
Mortality due to Sepsis and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units of Southern Amhara Public Hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Getu Samuel Asmare , Legese Gebrehiwot Lema , Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Ayalew Desalew Getahun , Baykeda Tsegaw Amare 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Although intensive care units (ICUs) are where severe and complicated cases are managed, there is limited evidence on treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the magnitude and associated factors of mortality among patients with sepsis admitted to ICUs at southern Amhara public hospitals, Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 547 medical records of patients with sepsis admitted to the ICUs at Injibara, Debre Markos, and Debre Tabor hospitals in the past 3 years were retrieved from August 10–31, 2022. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported, and a p value < 0.05 was set to declare the significance of the association.Results: In this study, 46.2% (95% CI: 41.7%–50.3%) of patients with sepsis died during their ICU stay. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections contributed to 32.3%, 25.8%, and 9.6% of mortality, respectively. Individuals aged 60 and above (AOR: 4.07; 95% CI: 2.23–7.44), those with a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 10 at admission (AOR: 11.27; 95% CI: 4.64–27.37), respiratory site of infection (AOR: 5.38; 95% CI: 2.94–9.86), creatinine level > 1.1 mg/dL (AOR: 4.20; 95% CI: 2.33–7.60), vasopressor use (AOR: 3.13; 95% CI:1.66–5.95), initiation of antibiotics 1–3 h after admission (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.64–4.76), and a hospital stay of more than 20 days (AOR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.40–8.46) were significantly associated with mortality.Conclusion: Overall, the mortality rate among patients with sepsis admitted to ICUs in southern Amhara public hospitals was high. Mainly, death was attributed to respiratory infections. Elderly patients and those with deteriorated clinical conditions at admission were at higher risk. Therefore, special attention is needed for elderly patients admitted with respiratory infections, antibiotics should be initiated as early as possible, and interventions must be designed to shorten the length of stay in ICUs.
Geographic Differences in Availability and Access to Care Services for Asthma and COPD: Case Study of Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia
Authors: Choy Amelia , Shellington Erin M. , Collins-Fairclough Aneisha , Strydom Nardia , Carlsten Chris 
Published: October 2024

Background: With a diverse geographic and sociocultural landscape, Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) Authority (British Columbia, Canada) encompasses both urban and rural regions, providing a case study to examine the delivery of care services for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the landscape of care services within VCH, we aimed to (1) identify asthma and COPD care services availability in urban and rural communities and (2) identify where asthma and COPD quality improvement (QI) initiatives were implemented and their implementation‐related characteristics.Methods: An environmental scan was conducted to identify asthma and COPD care services provided in VCH communities. A literature review was conducted to determine where VCH asthma and COPD QI initiatives were implemented and identify their implementation‐related characteristics. This case study was analysed descriptively and summarised in tables and figures.Results: The environmental scan analysis revealed that specialty outpatient care, pulmonary rehabilitation, respiratory education and clinical smoking cessation services were limited in urban and unavailable in rural VCH communities. Spirometry services were limited in urban and rural VCH communities. Cross‐referencing recommendations from asthma and COPD clinical practice guidelines against prevalence data, we estimated that rural VCH communities could provide 0%–23% of required spirometry while urban could provide 40%–75%. Further, of the 16 asthma and COPD QI initiatives identified within 21 papers, none were conducted at rural VCH healthcare sites.Conclusion: Our findings suggest rural VCH communities have lower access to asthma and COPD care services and the limited urban care services were insufficient to make up for this difference. Past asthma and COPD QI initiatives have not apparently translated to care service improvements in rural regions. Future QI initiatives should focus on overcoming barriers to conducting and participating in QI to improve urban and rural regions’ access to asthma and COPD care services.
Pharmacological manipulation of neurotransmitter activity induces disparate effects on cerebral blood flow and resting-state fluctuations
Authors: Munsch Fanny , Taso Manuel , Wolf Daniel H. , Press Daniel , Buss Stephanie , Detre John A. , Alsop David C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Functional MRI methods can assess aspects of drug-induced brain response. Resting blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI indirectly measure brain function through the coupling of activity to cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation but their relative sensitivity has not been directly compared. We assessed changes in resting measures of BOLD and ASL MRI in response to two neurotransmitter modulators: citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and alprazolam, a positive allosteric modulator of GABA type A receptor. Thirty healthy subjects were imaged in a placebo-controlled study, with N = 20 subjects receiving each treatment as part of an incomplete block design. Time-averaged CBF images from ASL and measures of resting-state fluctuations of BOLD and ASL images were assessed for significant effects. Following acute citalopram administration, analysis of the ASL data showed a reduction in time-averaged regional CBF in regions associated with high levels of 5-HT1A receptor density. In contrast, following alprazolam administration, BOLD amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations showed a highly significant and cortically widespread increase, consistent with the distribution of GABA-A receptors. Only a marginal decrease in ASL CBF was detected after alprazolam intake. BOLD and ASL are each sensitive to drugs targeting neurotransmitter systems, but appear to reflect different aspects of neural metabolism and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity. Accordingly, their combination may best capture the effects of neurotransmitter modulations, and thus be advantageous for pharmacological MRI studies.
The Final Chapter of Aristotle’s Poetics
Authors: Tsitsiridis Stavros 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the following close examination of chapter 26 of Aristotle’s Poetics it is argued (a) that unlike the main part of the treatise, tragedy and epic are no longer compared in the frame of ‘poetic art’, i.e. as literary genres, but rather as Gesamtkunstwerke judged by elitist criteria; (b) that the chapter adopts a logical method of argumentation founded on the dialectical method of the Topics; (c) that, as at the end of Book 8 of the Politics, it mainly reflects disputes in the Academy instigated by the so-called ‘New Music’; (d) that for a variety of reasons this chapter of the Poetics and hence the earlier layer of the treatise dates back to Aristotle’s first Athenian period (367-347 BCE).
The association between benzodiazepine co-prescription, opioid agonist treatment and mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Hestevik Christine Hillestad , Evensen Line Holtet , Kornør Hege , Skeie Ivar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the preferred treatment for opioid dependence due to benefits such as treatment retention, reduced opioid use and mortality. Benzodiazepine co-dependence is common in OAT patients and has been linked to increased mortality. Prescribing benzodiazepines during OAT has been tried to reduce the harms of extra-medical benzodiazepine use. This systematic review examines association between benzodiazepine co-prescription during OAT and mortality.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Psych INFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Epistemonikos for reports published from database inception to June 2021. The searches were updated in February 2024. We included studies comparing mortality rates in OAT patients with and without benzodiazepine co-prescription. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias from eligible studies with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. We combined the effect estimates in meta-analyses where possible. The certainty of the pooled effect estimates was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results
We included six observational studies (N = 84,452) conducted in Sweden, Scotland, Canada, England, and the USA. Moderate-certainty evidence linked benzodiazepine prescription to higher all-cause mortality on OAT (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.11). Moderate-certainty evidence associated benzodiazepine prescription with higher non-drug-induced mortality during OAT and the whole observation period (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.25) and HR 2.02; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.18). Low-certainty evidence suggested an association with higher drug-induced mortality on OAT (HR 2.36; 95% CI 1.38 to 4.0). Very low-certainty evidence linked benzodiazepine prescription to higher all-cause and drug-induced mortality throughout the observation period (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.18 and HR 2.19; 95% CI 0.80 to 6.0).

Conclusions
There is probably an association between prescribed benzodiazepine use and higher risk of all-cause mortality (on OAT) and mortality due to non-drug-induced causes (on OAT and on and off OAT). Benzodiazepine prescription may also be associated with higher all-cause mortality (on and off OAT) and drug-induced mortality (on OAT and on and off-OAT), but this is highly uncertain due to methodological issues and possible confounding.