bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rent Curse
Authors: Auty Richard M , Furlonge Haydn I 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This book analyses the political economy of economic development using two stylized facts models of rent-driven growth. The models show that: (i) the resource curse is a variant of a wider rent curse that can be driven by geopolitical rent (foreign aid), labour rent (worker remittances), or regulatory rent (government manipulation of relative prices); (ii) the rent curse is caused by policy failure and is avoidable; (iii) the global incidence of the rent curse varies over time, which reflects development policy fashions; and (iv) the intensity of the rent curse also varies with rent linkages. Rent cycling theory posits that low rent incentivizes the elite to grow the economy to become wealthy, whereas high rent encourages siphoning rent for immediate enrichment at the expense of sustainable and diversified economic growth. The contrasting incentives trigger divergent policies and structural change. Low rent motivates the efficient allocation of inputs in line with the economy’s comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports, which drives: structural change; rapid egalitarian economic growth; and incremental democratization. High rent, however, elicits contests to capture rent for immediate enrichment so the economy absorbs rent too quickly. The economy experiences Dutch disease effects that expand a subsidized urban sector whose rent demands outstrip supply, resulting in a staple trap and a protracted growth collapse. The economy fails to diversify competitively and depends for growth on expanding rent rather than on competitive diversification that boosts productivity. The book uses the models to explain why many developing countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Gulf followed a staple trap trajectory and draws on East Asia and South Asia for reform.
Pleasure
Authors: Goldman Alan H. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Three irreducible kinds of pleasure are distinguished: sensory, intentional (taking pleasure in an object), and pure feeling. Each has its distinct opposite in pain or distress. None is the typical end of desire or motivation, although pleasant thoughts are components of desires. Sensory pleasure is of value to subjects, but only a very partial component of a good life. Intentional pleasure is a byproduct of activities and objects we aim at, and again only a partial measure of well-being. The pure feeling of pleasure is the rare warm glow we feel when we are lucky enough to receive very good news. Thus pleasure of any kind, sought directly only in such areas as food and sex, may be necessary for a good life, but, unless we are Don Juan, never sufficient.
J. L. Austin’s Lecture Notes on the Nicomachean Ethics : Making Sense of Aristotle on Akrasia
Authors: Price A. W. 
Published: January 2019

This piece selects from J. L. Austin's unpublished (and only recently retrieved) lecture notes on the Nicomachean Ethics pages relevant to the interpretation of book 7, chapter 3, which is central to his account of akrasia. It takes over many of the details of Austin’s treatment, and carries his thoughts further in two directions: (i) he suggests a tight relation between evaluation and desire that can be developed into one between prohairesis and action; (ii) he sees each lower stratum of Aristotle’s soul as relating to a higher as potentiality to actuality, with the danger of a relapse from higher to lower.
The Basic Logic of Plotinus’ System
Authors: Riccardo Chiaradonna 
Published: January 2019

This article is a discussion of E. K. Emilsson, Plotinus (London and New York, 2017). Three themes are selected: causation; the holistic account of intelligible being; the status of matter and body. The discussion ends with some remarks about Emilsson’s approach to Plotinus’ philosophy. Emilsson’s account of Plotinus’ causation is based on the transmission model, what Emilsson calls ‘the principle of prior possession’. Here it is argued that the transmission model requires qualifications in order to be applied to Plotinus’ account of causation. The section on Plotinus’ holism focuses on two analogies: that of science and its theorems and that of craftsmanship. The section on matter and body addresses the issue of Plotinus’ dualism as different from Cartesian dualism. The final remarks assess Emilsson’s philosophical approach to Plotinus, his use of contemporary philosophical notions, and the problem of Plotinus’ philosophical mysticism.
On Grief
Authors: Nasrallah Laura Salah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Judith Butler and Claudia Rankine investigate grief as political, asking who is grievable. Corinth was characterized as a city of grief because of its destruction by the Roman general Mummius, an even that was also a political grief. This chapter investigates how grief was memorialized in the city. For example, Corinth's Fountain of Glauke recalled Medea’s murder of her children. Evidence from Roman Corinth also indicates higher than average child mortality. These become contexts for understanding a Corinthian practice of baptism on behalf of the dead. Allying with the dead can be a political choice and response to oppressive power. The Corinthian ekklēsia, itself a political term of assembly, may have been transformed from death to life in their new statuses in Christ, and would reasonably have wanted to connect not only with the death of Jesus, but also to bring present transformation to their (many) dead.
On Time, Race, and Obelisks
Authors: Nasrallah Laura Salah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Letter to the Romans has been interpreted as articulating a new understanding of history: “messianic time,” in Agamben’s words. In addition, the letter’s language of ethnicity has been used to support Christian supersessionism, rather than read within the context of Paul’s Jewish identity. This chapter investigates the themes of race and time in the Letter to the Romans within two ancient contexts: evidence from ancient papyri and literature which show the precarity of Jewish life under the Roman Empire and the Mausoleum complex of Augustus. The Mausoleum reveals a shard of Egypt at the heart of Rome: an obelisk that marks Roman power and time, as it serves as a gnomon. This chapter argues that interpreters should guard against doing to the Letter to the Romans what Mussolini did in his “excavation” of Augustus’s Mausoleum complex: stripping its context, making it into an “authentic ruin,” collapsing history between modernity and antiquity, promulgating anti-Semitism.
On History and Love
Authors: Nasrallah Laura Salah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Early Christians acted “out of love” for Paul—to quote a phrase from Tertullian—producing other texts and stories in his name or associated with him. Such pseudepigraphical writings should be understood in the context of Roman “practices of history” found, for example, in the spheres of education, entertainment, and literature. Pseudepigraphical and other references to Paul are found in Thessalonikē: 1 Thessalonians becomes the grounds for civic pride in the apostle over several centuries. Letters in Paul’s name (like 2 Thessalonians) or stories about him (as in the Acts of the Apostles) indicate ongoing engagement. These are improvisations that complicate the categories of history and fiction. Such texts and practices, for which we also find archaeological evidence in Ephesos and Philippi, must be understood within the context of “epistolary narratives” in antiquity that sought to expand the life of a famous figure, not as instantiations of forgery or lies.
Dentition status among an ethnically diverse older urban Malaysian population
Authors: Amanat Muhammad Abbas , John Jacob , Pin Tan Maw , Danaee Mahmoud , Malhotra Vaishali , Abbas Syed Amjad , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Poor oral health affects not only dietary choices but overall well-being. This study explores the influence of lifestyle, socio-demographics and utilization of dental services on the dentition status of an older urban Malaysian population.

Methods
A total of 1210 participants 60 years and above, representing the three main ethnic groups were recruited from a larger cohort study. Weighted factors valued for comparison included socio demographics and health status. Knowledge of and attitude and behaviour towards personal oral health were also assessed. Dentition status, adapted from WHO oral health guidelines, was the dependent variable investigated. Data were analysed using descriptive chi square test and multivariate binary logistic regression.

Results
Overall, 1187 respondents completed the study. The dentition status and oral health related knowledge, attitude and behaviour varied between the three ethnic groups. The Chinese were significantly less likely to have ≥13 missing teeth (OR = 0.698, 95% CI: 0.521–0.937) and ≥1 decayed teeth (0.653; 0.519–0.932) compared to the Malays, while the Indians were significantly less likely than the Malays to have ≥1 decayed teeth (0.695; 0.519–0.932) and ≥2 filled teeth (0.781; 0.540–1.128).

Conclusion
Ethnic differences in dentition outcome are related to oral health utilization highlighting the influence of cultural differences and the need for culturally sensitivity interventions.
The Society of Behavioral Medicine supports an increase in funding for Medication-Assisted-Treatment (MAT) to address the opioid crisis
Authors: Spas Jayson J , Buscemi Joanna , Prasad Ravi , Janke E Amy , Nigg Claudio R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Opioid use has become an epidemic in the USA. Although there are safe uses for opioids to help manage acute pain, the effects of long-term use and any misuse of opioids can have grave outcomes, including death. To provide an empirically based “ask” for increased funding from the federal government to increase the reimbursement for and the integration of the behavioral component of Medication-Assisted-Treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorders, current policy was reviewed and important gaps in funding and treatment fidelity were identified. Current barriers to treatment include a dearth of treatment programs and a greater emphasis on and reimbursement for the pharmacological component of MAT only, leaving the behavioral component largely underfunded. We recommend additional funding to (a) increase the availability of and coverage for MAT that combines both pharmacological and behavioral components and (b) support the scientific inquiry into the factors that contribute to, maintain, and exacerbate opioid-related issues. We also recommend declaring the opioid epidemic a national emergency and not just a public health emergency, which would provide immediate access to billions of dollars in federal dollars to fund treatment programs.
Acute Proteomic Changes in the Lung After WTLI in a Mouse Model: Identification of Potential Initiating Events for Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure
Authors: Huang Weiliang , Yu Jianshi , Jones Jace W. , Carter Claire L. , Jackson I. Lauren , Vujaskovic Zeljko , MacVittie Thomas J. , Kane Maureen A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is a delayed effect of acute radiation exposure resulting in pulmonary pneumonitis and fibrosis. Molecular mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced lung injury remain incompletely understood. Using a murine model of whole-thorax lung irradiation, C57BL/6J mice were irradiated at 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy and assayed at day 1, 3, and 6 postexposure and compared to nonirradiated (sham) controls. Tryptic digests of lung tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on a Waters nanoLC instrument coupled to a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Pathway and gene ontology analysis were performed with Qiagen Ingenuity, Panther GO, and DAVID databases. A number of trends were identified in the proteomic data, including protein changes greater than 10 fold, protein changes that were consistently up regulated or down regulated at all time points and dose levels interrogated, time and dose dependency of protein changes, canonical pathways affected by irradiation, changes in proteins that serve as upstream regulators, and proteins involved in key processes including inflammation, radiation, and retinoic acid signaling. The proteomic profiling conducted here represents an untargeted systems biology approach to identify acute molecular events that could potentially be initiating events for radiation-induced lung injury.
Pancreatitis cytosorbents (CytoSorb) inflammatory cytokine removal
Authors: Huber Wolfgang , Algül Hana , Lahmer Tobias , Mayr Ulrich , Lehmann Miriam , Schmid Roland M. , Faltlhauser Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) usually has a mild course with a mortality rate below 1%. However, around 10% of patients develop severe AP (SAP) involving extra-pancreatic tissues and other organ systems. The mortality of SAP is around 42%. The outcome of SAP is closely related to the development of systemic inflammation and consecutive organ failures. Most current therapies including fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, drainage procedures, and endoscopic management of complications are symptomatic rather than causative approaches, except sphincterotomy for gallstone pancreatitis. Regarding the high mortality of SAP and its close association with systemic inflammation, extracorporeal removal of inflammatory mediators is an appealing approach. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the CytoSorb adsorber effectively eliminates inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Some of these trials suggested that therapy with CytoSorb might improve outcome, including a reduction in the vasopressor dosage and reversal of shock.
Therefore, it is the objective of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 consecutive 24 h-treatments with CytoSorb on hemodynamics in patients with early SAP.

Methods:
This study includes patients with early SAP (APACHE-II ≥10) and transpulmonary thermodilution hemodynamic monitoring (PiCCO; EV-1000) within a maximum of seven days from the onset of pain. Eligible patients will be treated with 2 consecutive periods of CytoSorb. A 20%-improvement in the vasopressor dependency index (VDI) - which relates is derived from mean arterial pressure (MAP) and catecholamine dosage - is the primary outcome. In addition to this clinical outcome, there are several laboratory (cytokine levels) and translational endpoints (including multiplex-ELISAs of numerous anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and DNA analyses). Primary outcome analysis will compare the incidence of the primary endpoint in 30 patients from the intervention group to 60 matched controls with advanced hemodynamic monitoring recruited from recent studies in SAP within the same setting and the same centers.

Discussion:
A potential improvement in hemodynamics and/or other outcomes by CytoSorb would provide a new therapeutic option in the early treatment of SAP with a pathophysiological rationale.

Trial registration:
This study was registered on March 17, 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082469). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03082469.

Version:
V_PACIFIC_1.0 September 30, 2018.
The assessment of the accuracy of clinical preoperative lymph node
Authors: Qiao Yongming , Wang Ying , Kang Peng , Li Rui , Liu Yiming , He Wei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the present study is to assess the accuracy of clinical preoperative lymph node and to define the degree of relation between the clinical preoperative assessment and histopathological examination in patients with head and neck cancer and cN+.

Methods:
This retrospective study was performed on 125 patients (85 males and 40 females) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between December 2012 and December 2014.

Result:
Of all the patients who underwent neck dissection, 37 were found with no neck metastasis. Positive or suspected lymph nodes were detected at computed tomography (CT) in 44 and detected at ultrasonogram diagnosis (USG) in 38 of 125 patients, and the necks were assessed as normal in 55 (44%) by both USG and CT.

Conclusion:
Further investigation is needed to evaluate the rates of overall survival and disease-free survival of these N0 patients with neck dissection.
Age, gender, and etiology differences of sports-related fractures in children and adolescents
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Liu Huan , Wu Jun , Li Changqing , Zhou Yue , Liu Jun , Ou Lan , Xiang Liangbi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
To investigate the age, gender, and etiology differences of sports-related fractures in children and adolescents (6–18 years old).
We retrospectively reviewed 410 child and adolescent patients (335 males and 75 females aged 13.5 ± 3.1 years old) with sports-related fractures admitted to our university-affiliated hospitals from 2001 to 2010. The incidence and pattern were summarized with respect to different age groups, genders, etiologies.
Playing basketball (97, 23.7%) and running (90, 22.0%) were the most common etiologies. Radius (102, 24.9%) was the most common fracture site. The most common etiologies and fracture sites were biking (19.6%) and humerus fractures (28.0%) in the ≤12 age range group, playing basketball (34.0%) and radius fractures (26.2%) in the 12–15 age range group, playing basketball (31.7%) and radius fractures (23.0%) in the 15–18 age range group. The most common etiologies were playing basketball (27.5%) in the male group and running (24.0%) in the female group. The male presented with significantly higher rate of radius fractures and nerve injury, significantly lower rate of femoral fractures than the female. The most common fracture sites were radius fractures in the basketball group (28.9%) and cricket group (37.5%), humerus fracture in the running group (20.0%), biking group (23.3%), and climbing group (45.0%), tibia fractures in the football group (28.9%) and playing SP bars group (50.0%), and ulna fractures (37.5%) in the ice skating group.
Sports-related fractures are common in children and adolescents, particularly in males. Basketball, running, and biking were the most common etiologies; radius, ulna, and humerus were the most common fracture sites.
The influence of obesity, smoking, and serum follicular stimulating hormone in azoospermic patients on testicular sperm extraction-intra cytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes
Authors: Shrem Guy , Brudner Yana , Atzmon Yuval , Michaeli Mediea , Ellenbogen Adrian , Shalom-Paz Einat 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
To examine the effect of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (sFSH) level, body-mass index (BMI) and smoking on Testicular Sperm Extraction–Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (TESE–ICSI), and pregnancy outcomes.
In this retrospective study, data were extracted from files of 52 azoospermic men who underwent TESE and in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-ICSI in our IVF unit. Demographic information, treatment cycle follow-up and pregnancy outcomes were collected.
Fifty-two patients underwent 79 TESE due to azoospermia in 143 IVF cycles. Smoking was found to significantly affect sperm motility in TESE specimens before freezing (45.5% vs 14.8%; P <.001); however, this finding did not influence the pregnancy rate. Male FSH was inversely correlated with testicle volume (r = −0.595, P <.0001). Body weight did not affect semen parameters after TESE or ICSI outcomes.
Among azoospermic patients with extremely poor sperm quality, male BMI, male FSH or smoking did not have an adverse effect sperm parameters or pregnancy and delivery rates.
Global obesity research trends during 1999 to 2017
Authors: Zhao Ning , Tao Kaixiong , Wang Guobin , Xia Zefeng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
The interest in obesity has considerably increased in the scientific community in the last 2 decades. We present a bibliometric analysis to find out the future research hotspot and trends of obesity.

Methods:
Data were based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), from the Institute of Scientific Information Web of Science database and the 5-year impact factor of a journal were issued from the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) in 2017. Articles referring to obesity during 1999 to 2017 were concentrated on the analysis by scientific output characters and the frequency of author keywords used.

Results:
Globally, 50,246 articles meet the inclusion criteria during 1999 to 2017. The cumulative number of publication about obesity followed exponential distribution (R
2 = 0.9974) from 2008. USA was the most productive countries in both independent and international collaborative papers, the countries/regions with the highest average Times Cited scores for independent articles was France and The United Kingdom scored the highest in average Times Cited for international collaborative papers. Collaboration among countries, playing an ever-growing role in contemporary scientific research. The 2 most prolific journals are Obesity Surgery and International Journal of Obesity, responsible for 3.95% of the publication.

Conclusion:
Obesity has been a field of intense research in the last 19 years. By reasonably analyzing the author keywords and the distribution of journals, “bariatric surgery” (especially “sleeve gastrectomy”) and “obese complications” (especially “diabetes mellitus,” “metabolic syndrome,” “depression,” and “polycystic ovary syndrome”) will undoubtedly maintain the hotspots of obesity research in the next few decades.
The role of combined techniques of scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Stanciu Mihaela , Boicean Loredana Camelia , Popa Florina Ligia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary hyperparathyroidism, usually as a result of a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland, represents more than 90% cases of patients evaluated for hypercalcemia. Combined techniques of preoperative scintigraphy and SPECT/CT serve as a successful minimally-invasive parathyroidectomy. This recent imaging method provides four-dimensional functional images with advanced contrast resolution which greatly facilitates preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.

Patient concerns:
We presented the case of a male Caucasian patient, aged 67 years, who was investigated for hypercalcemia. Increased levels of parathormone, cervical ultrasonography without pathological changes, and negative planar parathyroid scintigraphy have led to the performance of a parathyroid scintigraphy combined with SPECT/CT.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis of right inferior parathyroid adenoma was confirmed by the 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT/CT that revealed on early phase increased radiotracer uptake in the area of projection of the lower third of the right thyroid lobe. The SPECT/CT scan localized this area behind the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe, in the right side of the trachea, with CT correspondent of hypodense lesion, with a maximum diameter of 20 mm.

Interventions:
During hospitalization, the decision to undergo surgical intervention was taken. The patient underwent surgical intervention, and minimally-invasive right inferior parathyroidectomy was performed.

Outcomes:
The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and the patient's recovery was complete, with the normalization of parathormone, calcium levels, and metabolic parameters.

Lessons:
Modern combined techniques of scintigraphy and SPECT/CT proved to be of excellent clinical utility in the preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, localizing a parathyroid tumor undetected by planar scintigraphy alone.