bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colourability of Wood and Its Effect on Bonding Strength of Laminated Wood for Handicraft Material
Authors: Dewindiani N W , Suhasman  , Yunianti A D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The wood has a high decorative value that can be turned into handicraft products. To optimize the use of small dimensions wood, handicraft products can be made into laminated wood. An attempt to improve the aesthetic value of wood is by adding dyes into the wood. This study aimed to analyse the ability of Gmelina arborea (hardwood) and Pinus merkusii (softwood) to absorb dyes and the effect of dyeing on bonding strength of laminated wood. Wood planks members (lamellae) that form laminated wood were soaked into direct dyes liquid with soaking time of 0 hours, 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. The results showed retention and penetration dyes of Pinus merkusii ranged between 0.00013 g/cm3-0.0003 g/cm3 and 2.98%-8.22%, while retention and penetration of Gmelina arborea ranged between 0.00004 g/cm3-0.00018 g/cm3 and 1.59%-4.77%. Retention and penetration tend to increase at dyeing time up to 12 hours. Bonding strength of Pinus merkusii ranged between 26.61 kg/cm2-90.05 kg/cm2 while bonding strength of Gmelina arborea ranged between 66.97 kg/cm2-96.12 kg/cm2. Based on the result of statistical analysis, type of wood, and the coloration have a real effect on bonding strength of laminated wood. Based on the consideration of resource, efficiency and the results of statistical analysis, 6 hours of dyeing is more efficient in planning of laminated wood material for handicraft products.
The Characteristic of Binderless Com-Ply Made from Paraserianthes falcataria
Authors: Suhasman S , Yunianti A D , Saad S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Oxidation treatment to activate the chemical components of wood to be able to produce bond formation between the particles have been successfully applied in the manufacture of binderless particleboard. Produced particleboard has a high internal bond strength, however, it has a low modulus of rupture. To improve the bending strength, addition of veneer layers on both surfaces are needed. This product is called as com-ply. Because of low accessibility of chemical component of veneer layer compared to particles, then the possibility activation of the chemical components of veneer is still questioned. This study was aimed to investigate the possibility application of oxidation treatment to produce com-ply and to determine the optimum oxidant proportion between particles as the core layer and veneer as surfaces layers. Wood species that used to produce both of particle and veneer were sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Oxidant levels proportion that used were; 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 4, 1 : 5, 1 : 6, 1 : 7, and 1 : 0 w/w (veneer : particle). The results showed that the manufacturing of binderless com-ply using oxidation treatment was possible to be applied. Optimum oxidant level proportion between veneer and particle was 1 : 6 w/w. The produced com-ply fulfill the JIS A 5908 2003.
Experience modulates an insect’s response to anthropogenic noise
Authors: Gallego-Abenza Mario , Mathevon Nicolas , Wheatcroft David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn response to anthropogenic noise, vertebrates express modified acoustic communication signals either through individual plasticity or local population adaptation. In contrast, how insects respond to this stressor is poorly studied. Field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus use acoustic signals to attract and locate mates and are commonly found in noisy roadside environments, offering a powerful system to study the effects of anthropogenic noise on insect communication. Rapid repetition of sexual calls (chirps) is essential to attract females, but calling incurs energetic costs and attracts predators. As a result, males are predicted to reduce calling rates when background noise is high. Here, we combine observations and experimental playbacks to show that the responses of field cricket males to anthropogenic noise also depend on their previous experience with passing cars. First, we show that males living on highway edges decrease their chirp rate in response to passing cars. To assess whether this behavioral response depends on previous exposure to car noise, we then broadcast recordings of car noise to males located at different distances from the road and, therefore, with different previous exposure to car noise. Although all tested individuals responded to broadcasted traffic noise, males closest to the road decreased their chirp rate less than individuals calling further from the road. These results suggest that regular exposure to anthropogenic noise may decrease individuals’ sensitivity and behavioral responses to noise, allowing them to maintain effective signaling rates. Behavioral plasticity modulated by experience may thus allow some insect species to cope with human-induced environmental stressors.
Individual foraging variation drives social organization in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Methion Séverine , Díaz López Bruno 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentifying foraging variation within a population and assessing its relationship with social structure is essential to increase knowledge about the evolution of social systems. Here, we investigated individual foraging variation in bottlenose dolphins and its potential influence on their social organization. We used generalized affiliation indices and applied social network analysis to data collected over four consecutive years of research in a coastal area subject to significant use and pressure by humans. Our findings revealed variation in foraging behavior among individual bottlenose dolphins, which in turn shapes their social organization. Our results indicated that individuals that frequently foraged within human-altered areas (i.e., shellfish farms) exhibited weaker Strength, Reach, and Affinity compared to others. These bottlenose dolphins profit from a reliable and easily located food source, which may increase their energy intake and interindividual competition. In contrast, individuals that foraged less frequently within the shellfish farms occupied a central position within the network and exhibited strong associations. These individuals may benefit from increased cooperation and reduced intragroup competition, thus increasing learning and information sharing, as they may face a patchy and irregular distribution of prey. We also demonstrated that bottlenose dolphins preferred to affiliate with other individuals with similar foraging strategies (i.e., homophily), which could promote, through time, a segregation of the population into behaviorally distinct groups. These findings provide valuable insight into the evolution of bottlenose dolphin social systems and their response to human-induced changes in the marine environment.
PuttingTheir Guns on the Scale: Constitution-Making in Burma/Myanmar under Military Command
Authors: Kyaw Nyi Nyi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The process of making the present Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Burma/Myanmar under the military dictatorship State Law and Order Restoration Council/State Peace and Development Council (SLORC/SPDC) from 1993 through to 2007 is rightly viewed as an undemocratic, repressive process. Both the citizens of Myanmar and the international community generally had no say in the whole process. Thus, the process may be viewed as one of resistance by the SLORC/SPDC against global constitution-making norms and practices, on the one hand, and local democratic politicians and groups, on the other hand. The Constitution that came into operation in January 2011 admittedly has highly undemocratic content. However, it undeniably has some democratic content that started bearing fruit, eventually culminating in the winning, in the November 2015 general election, and the coming to power of, the National League for Democracy party in March 2016. I trace the constitution making in Burma/Myanmar by expanding the time frame of analysis until 2016 and revisit the ‘resistance’ argument. Then I posit that the process is a double-pronged strategy by the SLORC/SPDC to, first, resist global and local pressures with the intention of, later, engaging with them when the time was perceived to be right and conducive to their interests.
Highlights of the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Hyafil Fabien , Jaber Wael A , Neglia Danilo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The 14th International Conference on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Computed Tomography was held from 12 May to 14 May 2019 in Lisbon, Portugal. In this article, the three Congress Programme Committee Chairs summarize selected highlights of the presented abstracts and lectures.
The history of IgG glycosylation and where we are now
Authors: Cobb Brian A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIgG glycosylation is currently at the forefront of both immunology and glycobiology, likely due in part to the widespread and growing use of antibodies as drugs. For over four decades, it has been recognized that the conserved N-linked glycan on asparagine 297 found within the second Ig domain of the heavy chain (CH2) that helps to comprise Fc region of IgG plays a special role in IgG structure and function. Changes in galactosylation, fucosylation and sialylation are now well-established factors, which drive differential IgG function, ranging from inhibitory/anti-inflammatory to activating complement and promoting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, if we are to truly understand how to design and deploy antibody-based drugs with maximal efficacy and evaluate proper vaccine responses from a protective and functional perspective, a deep understanding of IgG glycosylation is essential. This article is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the IgG glycosylation field and the impact glycans have on IgG function, beginning with the earliest findings over 40 years ago, in order to provide a robust foundation for moving forward.
Benefits of physical activity not affected by air pollution: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Shengzhi , Cao Wangnan , Qiu Hong , Ran Jinjun , Lin Hualiang , Shen Chen , Siu-Yin Lee Ruby , Tian Linwei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial to human health, whereas long-term exposure to air pollution is harmful. However, their combined effects remain unclear. We aimed to estimate the combined (interactive) mortality effects of PA and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) among older adults in Hong Kong.

Methods
Participants aged ≥65 years from the Elderly Health Service Cohort (n = 66 820) reported their habitual PA at baseline (1998–2001) and were followed up till 31 December 2011. We used a satellite-based spatiotemporal model to estimate PM2.5 concentration at the residential address for each participant. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the interaction between habitual PA and long-term exposure to PM2.5 on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. We tested for additive interaction by estimating relative excess risk due to interaction and multiplicative interaction employing P-value for the interaction term.

Results
The death risks were inversely associated with a higher volume of PA and were positively associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5. The benefits of PA were more pronounced for participation in traditional Chinese exercise (e.g. Tai Chi) and aerobic exercise (e.g. cycling). We found little evidence of interaction between PA (volume and type) and long-term exposure to PM2.5 on either additive or multiplicative scales.

Conclusions
In this cohort of older Chinese adults, PA may decrease the risk of mortality, be it in areas of relatively good or bad air quality. The beneficial mortality effects of habitual PA outweighed the detrimental effects of long-term exposure to air pollution in Hong Kong.
Large-time dynamics in complex networks of reaction–diffusion systems applied to a panic model
Authors: Cantin Guillaume , Aziz-Alaoui M A , Verdière Nathalie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of a complex network of reaction–diffusion systems for a geographical model, which was proposed recently, in order to better understand behavioural reactions of individuals facing a catastrophic event. After stating sufficient conditions for the problem to admit a positively invariant region, we establish energy estimates and prove the existence of a family of exponential attractors. We explore the influence of the size of the network on the nature of those attractors, in correspondence with the geographical background. Numerical simulations illustrate our theoretical results and show the various possible dynamics of the problem.
Vectors: recognising the challenge and reducing neglect
Authors: Hemingway Janet 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Vector control is essential for the prevention and reduction of malaria transmission and is increasingly recognised as a key element of several neglected tropical disease (NTD) elimination programmes. Very few vector control interventions have a strong evidence base for their public health impact, and those that do are insecticide-based and threatened by resistance. The pipeline of new interventions and new insecticides is being filled and several are undergoing randomised controlled trials. If these are subsequently to be used sustainably, interventions will need to be combined. The major challenge will be to generate the evidence base and funding to achieve this sustainable combination at the country level. Unless this is done, the selection pressure for resistance to the new generation of vector control tools is likely to rapidly reduce our ability to control insect vectors in the foreseeable future.
How Do Prior Rulings Affect Future Disputes?
Authors: Kucik Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
International dispute systems are often designed so that dispute body rulings do not set precedent. Yet governments have incentives to learn from prior decisions. Past rulings convey important information about how the law is applied. This is especially true in the World Trade Organization (WTO), where disputes frequently occur between the same members and over the same issues. I argue that case law increases the likelihood of early settlement. This helps explain why fifty percent of WTO cases end prior to a formal ruling. I use new data on the direction of ruling on each legal claim made in the first 450 WTO disputes. The results show that litigants are significantly more likely to settle early given the presence of previous legal decisions.
Oleic acid in the absence of a PPARγ agonist increases adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells1
Authors: Li Xiang Z , Yan Yan , Zhang Jun F , Sun Jian F , Sun Bin , Yan Chang G , Choi Seong H , Johnson Bradley J , Kim Jong K , Smith Stephen B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that oleic acid (OA) in the absence of a thiazolidinedione (i.e., a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ [PPARγ] agonist) would increase adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells (BSC). The BSC were cultured in differentiation medium containing 10 µM ciglitazone (CI), 100 µM OA, or 100 µM OA plus 10 µM CI (CI-OA). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in differentiation media (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining, demonstrating that we had isolated myogenic cells. The OA BSC had lesser paired box 3 (Pax3) and myogenic differentiation 1 expression but greater Pax7 and mygogenin (MYOG) expression (P < 0.05), than the CON BSC. The CI BSC had greater Pax3, Pax7, and MYOG expression than CON BSC (P < 0.05), suggesting that CI would promote BSC myogenesis under pro-myogenic conditions (i.e., when cultured with horse serum). However, both the OA and CI treatments upregulated the expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and C/EBPß, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, lipoprotein lipase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 gene expression, as well as media adiponectin concentration (P < 0.05). The CI, OA, and CI-OA treatments also increased triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation, in spite of upregulation (relative to CON BSC) of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-1, perilipin 2 (PLIN2), and PLIN3 in BSC and downregulation of G protein-coupled protein receptor 43, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (P < 0.05). These results indicate that OA in the absence of a synthetic PPARγ agonist can effectively increase adipogenic gene expression in BSC.
Estimation of in situ anisotropy parameters from two perpendicular walkaway VSP lines in South Pars field
Authors: Abedi Mohammad Mahdi , Rashidi Fard Mahtab , Riahi Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Vertical phase slowness and polarization angle are the in situ parameters of P-wave propagation that can be derived from walkaway vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. To use these data for estimating anisotropy parameters, we obtain an explicit equation of vertical slowness as a function of polarization angle for P-wave propagation in transversely isotropic with vertical symmetry axis (VTI) media. We use this equation to estimate anisotropy parameters of a target layer in the South Pars field, Iran. This field is one of the world's largest gas fields. We show that the orthorhombic symmetry is a reasonable assumption for this layer, providing some geological and petrophysical information. Two walkaway VSP lines along the symmetry axes of the presumed orthorhombic layer are used to estimate its parameters. Seven is the maximum number of parameters that can be estimated using P-wave data in this acquisition pattern. Of those estimated parameters are six of the Tsvankin style parameters for orthorhombic media, plus an approximate combination of two others that define vertical S-wave splitting. We show that a previous method, which is based on weak anisotropy approximation, leads to considerable errors, even in models where the magnitude of anisotropy parameters do not exceed 0.1. We design a numerical experiment to study the reliability of the estimated parameters by the exact approach and show the importance of acquisition pattern in this regard. To show applicability, these parameters are used to estimate the in situ fracture properties of the studied layer.
A ‘nodemap’ to sustainable maize roots: linking nitrogen and water uptake improvements
Authors: Lagunas Beatriz , Dodd Ian C , Gifford Miriam L 
Published: August 2019

This article comments on:Guo H, York LM. 2019. Maize with fewer nodal roots allocates mass to more lateral and deep roots that improve nitrogen uptake and shoot growth. Journal of Experimental Botany70, 5299–5309.Yang JT, Schneider HM, Brown KM, Lynch JP. 2019. Genotypic variation and nitrogen stress effects on root anatomy in maize are node-specific. Journal of Experimental Botany70, 5311–5325.
Horizontal Transfer of Promiscuous Activity from Nonphotosynthetic Bacteria Contributed to Evolution of Chlorophyll Degradation Pathway
Authors: Obata Daichi , Takabayashi Atsushi , Tanaka Ryouichi , Tanaka Ayumi , Ito Hisashi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The relationship between enzymes and substrates does not perfectly match the “lock and key” model, because enzymes act on molecules other than their true substrate in different catalytic reactions. Such biologically nonfunctional reactions are called “promiscuous activities.” Promiscuous activities are apparently useless, but they can be an important starting point for enzyme evolution. It has been hypothesized that enzymes with low promiscuous activity will show enhanced promiscuous activity under selection pressure and become new specialists through gene duplication. Although this is the prevailing scenario, there are two major problems: 1) it would not apply to prokaryotes because horizontal gene transfer is more significant than gene duplication and 2) there is no direct evidence that promiscuous activity is low without selection pressure. We propose a new scenario including various levels of promiscuous activity throughout a clade and horizontal gene transfer. STAY-GREEN (SGR), a chlorophyll a—Mg dechelating enzyme, has homologous genes in bacteria lacking chlorophyll. We found that some bacterial SGR homologs have much higher Mg-dechelating activities than those of green plant SGRs, while others have no activity, indicating that the level of promiscuous activity varies. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that a bacterial SGR homolog with high dechelating activity was horizontally transferred to a photosynthetic eukaryote. Some SGR homologs acted on various chlorophyll molecules that are not used as substrates by green plant SGRs, indicating that SGR acquired substrate specificity after transfer to eukaryotes. We propose that horizontal transfer of high promiscuous activity is one process of new enzyme acquisition.
USP11 acts as a histone deubiquitinase functioning in chromatin reorganization during DNA repair
Authors: Ting Xia , Xia Lu , Yang Jianguo , He Lin , Si Wenzhe , Shang Yongfeng , Sun Luyang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
How chromatin dynamics is regulated to ensure efficient DNA repair remains to be understood. Here, we report that the ubiquitin-specific protease USP11 acts as a histone deubiquitinase to catalyze H2AK119 and H2BK120 deubiquitination. We showed that USP11 is physically associated with the chromatin remodeling NuRD complex and functionally involved in DNA repair process. We demonstrated that USP11-mediated histone deubiquitination and NuRD-associated histone deacetylation coordinate to allow timely termination of DNA repair and reorganization of the chromatin structure. As such, USP11 is involved in chromatin condensation, genomic stability, and cell survival. Together, these observations indicate that USP11 is a chromatin modifier critically involved in DNA damage response and the maintenance of genomic stability.
RsaC sRNA modulates the oxidative stress response of Staphylococcus aureus during manganese starvation
Authors: Lalaouna David , Baude Jessica , Wu Zongfu , Tomasini Arnaud , Chicher Johana , Marzi Stefano , Vandenesch François , Romby Pascale , Caldelari Isabelle , Moreau Karen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe human opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) for which functions are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on an atypical and large sRNA called RsaC. Its length varies between different isolates due to the presence of repeated sequences at the 5′ end while its 3′ part is structurally independent and highly conserved. Using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing (MAPS) and quantitative differential proteomics, sodA mRNA was identified as a primary target of RsaC sRNA. SodA is a Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase involved in oxidative stress response. Remarkably, rsaC gene is co-transcribed with the major manganese ABC transporter MntABC and, consequently, RsaC is mainly produced in response to Mn starvation. This 3′UTR-derived sRNA is released from mntABC-RsaC precursor after cleavage by RNase III. The mature and stable form of RsaC inhibits the synthesis of the Mn-containing enzyme SodA synthesis and favors the oxidative stress response mediated by SodM, an alternative SOD enzyme using either Mn or Fe as co-factor. In addition, other putative targets of RsaC are involved in oxidative stress (ROS and NOS) and metal homeostasis (Fe and Zn). Consequently, RsaC may balance two interconnected defensive responses, i.e. oxidative stress and metal-dependent nutritional immunity.