bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cardiovascular unphysiology of thrice weekly hemodialysis
Authors: Shringi Sandipan , Shah Ankur D. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
This review examines the unphysiological nature of conventional intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and explores alternative dialysis modalities that more closely mimic natural kidney function. As cardiovascular complications remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients, understanding and addressing the limitations of IHD is crucial for improving outcomes.

Recent findings
IHD's intermittent nature leads to significant fluctuations in metabolites, electrolytes, and fluid status, contributing to hemodynamic instability and increased cardiovascular risk. More frequent dialysis modalities, such as short daily hemodialysis and nocturnal hemodialysis have numerous benefits including reduced left ventricular hypertrophy, improved blood pressure control, and potentially decreasing mortality. Peritoneal dialysis offers a more continuous approach to treatment, which may provide cardiovascular benefits through gentler fluid removal and residual kidney function preservation.

Summary
Conventional thrice weekly intermittent hemodialysis offers a fundamentally unphysiologic equilibrium of uremic solutes. Alternate approaches have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits.
PET/computed tomography radiomics combined with clinical features in predicting sarcopenia and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Fanghu , Chen Yang , Tan Xiaoyue , Han Xu , Lu Wantong , Lu Lijun , Yuan Hui , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2024

Background
The study aimed to assess the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) radiomics combined with clinical features using machine learning (ML) in predicting sarcopenia and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods
A total of 178 DLBCL patients (118 and 60 applied for training and test sets, respectively) who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics and PET/CT radiomics features were analyzed, and feature selection was performed using univariate logistic regression and correlation analysis. Sarcopenia prediction models were built by ML algorithms and evaluated. Besides, prognostic models were also developed, and their associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified.

Results
Fourteen features were finally selected to build sarcopenia prediction and prognosis models, including two clinical (maximum standard uptake value of muscle and BMI), nine PET (seven gray-level and two first-order), and three CT (three gray-level) radiomics features. Among sarcopenia prediction models, combined clinical-PET/CT radiomics features models outperformed other models; especially the support vector machine algorithm achieved the highest area under curve of 0.862, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 79.2, 83.3, and 78.3% in the test set. Furthermore, the consistency index based on the prognostic models was 0.753 and 0.807 for PFS and OS, respectively. The enrolled patients were subsequently divided into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences, regardless of PFS or OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
ML models incorporating clinical and PET/CT radiomics features could effectively predict the presence of sarcopenia and assess the prognosis in patients with DLBCL.
A narrative review on the performance and outcomes of penile and scrotal surgery in the ambulatory setting
Authors: Shah Jainik , Fidel Maximilian G. , Almuhanna Ahmed Mousa , Bal Dhiraj S. , Patel Premal 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical wait times have surged, creating a backlog in elective urological procedures. This review aims to address the need to explore ambulatory care for penile and scrotal surgeries, which can offer benefits by shifting these procedures away from traditional inpatient settings.

Recent findings
Recent studies confirm the safety and efficacy of performing penile and scrotal procedures in an ambulatory setting using local anesthesia (LA) or loco-sedative techniques. Of 616 reviewed cases, over 90% of patients expressed high satisfaction with LA and reported minimal postoperative complications. Pain management advancements, particularly the use of liposomal bupivacaine, reduced the need for opioids postoperatively. Importantly, no intraoperative complications or hospital admissions were reported, and adverse events were managed conservatively. The data highlighted in this review supports a move towards outpatient surgeries as a safe alternative to inpatient care for select cases.

Summary
This review highlights the strong potential for ambulatory urological surgeries to alleviate surgical backlogs significantly, while reducing strain on hospital resources, and maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction. As evidence continues to grow on the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of LA in office-based procedures, expanding ambulatory urological will be quintessential in modernizing patient care and reducing healthcare burdens.
National Incidence of Nurse Suicide and Associated Features
Authors: Davidson Judy E. , Makhija Hirsh , Lee Kelly C. , Barnes Arianna , Richardson Marcus Groner , Choflet Amanda , Ali Tatyana , Zisook Sidney 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the national incidence of nurse suicide.

BACKGROUND
Nurses are at a higher risk of suicide than nonnurses; however, data have been limited since 2018.

METHODS
This study used a retrospective cohort design using 2017–2021 National Violent Death Reporting System suicides.

RESULTS
Female nurses had higher suicide rates than female nonnurses in 2018 (incidence rate ratio, 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.39]), 2019 (1.41 [95% CI, 1.23-1.60]), 2020 (1.26 [95% CI, 1.08-1.45]), and 2021 (1.35 [95% CI, 1.17-1.55]), whereas male nurses were comparable with male nonnurses. Nurses had higher odds of mental health problems (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.13-1.46], P < .001), job problems (1.60 [95% CI, 1.33-1.92], P < .001), and use of poisoning (1.54 [95% CI, 1.37-1.74], P < .001). Nurses had higher odds of using opioids, cardiovascular/diabetic agents, and drugs not prescribed for home use.

CONCLUSION
Female nurses are at a higher risk of suicide than other females. Multimodal nurse suicide prevention strategies remain indicated.
Assessment of Facility Readiness for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Utilizing a 2-Phase Survey Conducted in Six Hospitals in Uganda and Cameroon: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Hwang Bella , Trawin Jessica , Dzelamunyuy Suiyven , Wiens Matthew O. , Tagoola Abner , Businge Stephen , Jabornisky Roberto , Nwankwor Odiraa , Karlovich Gabrielle , Oguonu Tagbo , Talla Emmanuella , Novakowski Stefanie K. , Fung Jollee S.T. , West Nicholas , Ansermino J. Mark , Kissoon Niranjan 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Each year, 5.3 million children under 5 years of age die in low-resource settings, often due to delayed recognition of disease severity, inadequate treatment, or a lack of supplies. We describe the use of a comprehensive digital facility-readiness survey tool, recently developed by the Pediatric Sepsis Data CoLaboratory, which aims to identify target areas for quality improvement related to pediatric emergency and critical care.

Methods
Facility-readiness surveys were conducted at six sub-Saharan African hospitals providing pediatric emergency and critical care in Uganda (n = 4) and Cameroon (n = 2). The tool is a 2-phase survey to assess readiness to provide pediatric essential emergency and critical care: (1) an “environmental scan,” focusing on infrastructure, availability, and functionality of resources, and (2) an “observational scan” assessing the quality and safety of care through direct observation of patients receiving treatment for common diseases. Data were captured in a mobile application and the findings analyzed descriptively.

Results
Varying levels of facility readiness to provide pediatric emergency care were observed. Only 1 of 6 facilities had a qualified staff member to assess children for danger signs upon arrival, and only 2 of 6 had staff with skills to manage emergency conditions. Only 21% of essential medicines required for pediatric emergency and critical care were available at all six facilities. Most facilities had clean running water and soap or disinfectants, but most also experienced interruptions to their electricity supply. Less than half of patients received an appropriate discharge note and fewer received counseling on postdischarge care; follow-up was arranged in less than a quarter of cases.

Conclusions
These pilot findings indicate that facilities are partially equipped and ready to provide pediatric emergency and critical care. This facility-readiness tool can be utilized in low-resource settings to assist hospital administrators and policymakers to determine priority areas to improve quality of care for the critically ill child.
Time Since Injury Is Key to Modeling Trends in Aging and Overall Functioning of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sabariego Carla , Fellinghauer Carolina , Hodel Jsabel , Ehrmann Cristina , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Seijas Vanessa , Stucki Gerold 
Published: November 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to model the health indicator of functioning for persons with spinal cord injury or disorder living in Switzerland in the long-term context, considering chronological age, time since injury, and age at injury.

Design
This is a longitudinal analysis of three waves of a community survey. An interval-scaled functioning metric was constructed using modern test theory. Random effects within-between mixed models were used to investigate trends in functioning over time.

Results
Persons with complete injuries have lower levels of functioning than persons with incomplete injuries, and persons with complete tetraplegia have the lowest levels of functioning. The person’s age when injured, the level and completeness of the injury, the presence of secondary health conditions, and various combinations of these factors significantly influenced how functioning changed over time.

Conclusions
Our study shows that chronological age is not necessarily the best time variable for understanding the aging process of people with spinal cord injury in terms of changes in functioning over time and that modeling functioning over time since injury provides important insights into how functioning of people with complete or incomplete injuries declines with increasing time living with the injury.
Predictors of Injection Visit Adherence in Those Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine
Authors: Hill Lucas , Yin Jeffrey , Patel Nimish , Abulhosn Kari , Suarez Elvia , Karim Afsana , Bamford Laura 
Published: November 2024

Background:
There is limited data evaluating potential predictors of adherence to injection visits and the impact of late injections on viral suppression in those receiving long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) for the treatment of HIV.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult people with HIV receiving LAI CAB/RPV for at least 6 months between May 2021 and August 2023. Data collected included demographics, office visit no-shows 1 year before switching to LAI CAB/RPV, injection visit no-shows, injections outside the dosing window, and virologic outcomes. Cox-proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate predictors of no-show to injection visits or late injections.

Results:
Included were 287 people with HIV with a median follow-up time (interquartile range) of 450 days (344–548 days). Younger age [HR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98)] and ≥1 office visit no-show in the year before switching to LAI CAB/RPV [HR 2.03 (1.32 to 3.12]) were associated with having a no-show to an injection visit (32.1%). Male sex assigned at birth [HR 9.18 (1.26 to 66.9)] with a trend toward younger age [HR 0.98 (0.95 to 1.0)] were associated with having a late injection (15.3%). There was no relationship between late injections and having a detectable viral load or virologic failure (n = 3) after switching to LAI CAB/RPV.

Conclusions:
Having office visit no-shows before switching to LAI CAB/RPV was associated with missed injection visits, and younger age was associated with both missed injection visits and late injections. Resources to reduce and manage missed injection appointments need to be considered when implementing LAI CAB/RPV.
Cancer-Specific Integrin Imaging With 68Ga-Trivehexin
Authors: Singhal Tejasvini , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Mandal Srijani , Parida Girish Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

68Ga-Trivehexin is a novel radiotracer binding to “cancer-specific integrin αvβ6.” 68Ga-Trivehexin has high specificity for tumor cells and, thus, has the potential to replace 18F-FDG PET/CT due to its limited specificity in the head and neck cancer. Here, we present one case of papillary thyroid carcinoma, where 68Ga-Trivehexin PET CT demonstrated accurate staging compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Identification of actionable genetic variants in 4,198 Scottish volunteers from the Viking Genes research cohort and implementation of return of results
Authors: Kerr Shona M. , Klaric Lucija , Muckian Marisa D. , Johnston Kiera , Drake Camilla , Halachev Mihail , Cowan Emma , Snadden Lesley , Dean John , Zheng Sean L. , Thami Prisca K. , Ware James S. , Tzoneva Gannie , Shuldiner Alan R. , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Wilson James F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe benefits of returning clinically actionable genetic results to participants in research cohorts are accruing, yet such a genome-first approach is challenging. Here, we describe the return of such results in two founder populations from Scotland. Between 2005 and 2015, we recruited >4,000 adults with grandparents from Orkney and Shetland into the Viking Genes research cohort. Return of genetic data was not offered at baseline, but in 2023 we sent invitations for consent to return of actionable genetic findings to participants. We generated exome sequence data from 4,198 participants, and used the ACMG v3.2 list of 81 genes, ClinVar review and pathogenicity status, plus manual curation, to develop a pipeline to identify potentially actionable variants. We identified 104 individuals (2.5%) carrying 108 actionable genotypes at 39 variants in 23 genes, and validated these. Working with the NHS clinical genetics service, which provided genetic counselling and clinical verification of the research results, and after expert clinical review, we notified 64 consenting participants (or their next of kin) of their actionable genotypes. Ten actionable variants across seven genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATP7B, TTN, KCNH2, MUTYH, GAA) have risen 50 to >3,000-fold in frequency through genetic drift in ancestral island localities. Viking Genes is one of the first UK research cohorts to return actionable findings, providing an ethical and logistical exemplar of return of results. The genetic structure in the Northern Isles of Scotland, with multiple founder effects, provides a unique opportunity for a tailored approach to primary and secondary prevention through genetic screening.
Global estimates of lives and life-years saved by COVID-19 vaccination during 2020-2024
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. , Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Cristiano Antonio , Boccia Stefania 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceEstimating global lives and life-years saved is important to put into perspective the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Prior studies have focused mainly on the pre-Omicron period or only on specific regions, lack crucial life-year calculations, and often depend on strong modeling assumptions with unaccounted uncertainty.ObservationsWe aimed to calculate the lives and life-years saved by COVID-19 vaccination worldwide from the onset of the vaccination campaigns and until October 2024. We considered different strata according to age; community-dwelling and long-term care residence status; pre-Omicron and Omicron periods; and vaccination before and after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the main analysis, 2.533 million deaths were averted (1 death averted per 5,400 vaccine doses administered). Eighty-two percent were among people vaccinated before any infection, 57% were in the Omicron period, and 90% pertained to people 60 years and above. Sensitivity analyses suggested 1.4 to 4.0 million lives saved. Some sensitivity analyses showed preponderance of the benefit during the pre-Omicron period. We estimated 14.8 million life-years saved (1 life-year saved per 900 vaccine doses administered). Sensitivity range was 7.4-23.6 million life-years. Most life-years saved (76%) were in people over 60 years old, but long-term care residents contributed only 2% of the total. Children and adolescents (0.01% of lives saved and 0.1% of life-years saved) and young adults 20-29 years old (0.07% of lives saved and 0.3% of life-years saved) had very small contributions to the total benefit.Conclusions and relevanceBased on a number of assumptions, these estimates are substantially more conservative than previous calculations focusing mostly on the first year of vaccination, but they still clearly demonstrate a major overall benefit from COVID-19 vaccination during 2020-2024. The vast majority of benefit in lives and life-years saved was secured for a portion of the elderly minority of the global population.
Validation of real-world actigraphy to capture post-stroke motor recovery
Authors: Lohse Keith R. , Miller Allison E. , Bland Marghuretta D. , Lee Jin-Moo , Lang Catherine E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, but advances for rehabilitation have lagged those for acute treatment. Large biological studies (e.g., “omics”-based approaches) may offer mechanistic insights for recovery, but to enable those studies, researchers need to collect detailed recovery phenotypes at scale, e.g., in thousands of people with minimal burden for participants and researchers. This study investigates the concurrent validity between remotely collected wearable sensor data and clinical assessments of motor recovery post-stroke. We specifically focus on the “use ratio”, which is the activity level of the paretic arm relative to the non-paretic arm, measured via bilateral wrist-worn accelerometers. Utilizing a large, harmonized multi-site dataset of adults with stoke, we analyzed cross-sectional (N=198) and longitudinal (N=98) changes in use ratio, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity subscale (FM-UE). Our findings indicate strong concurrent validity of the use ratio and the ARAT, and the use ratio and the FM-UE both cross-sectionally (i.e.,differencesbetween people) and longitudinally (i.e.,changeswithin a person). Notably, while the use ratio strongly correlated with FM-UE and ARAT initially, the strength of these correlations reduced over time. This decreasing correlation might be explained by the increasing influence that personal and environmental factors play as recovery progresses. Additionally, these correlations were also stronger for the use ratio than for hours of activity for the paretic/nonparetic arm alone, suggesting that it is specifically asymmetry of activity that correlates with clinical measures. Thus, the use ratio is an efficient and clinically valid measure of motor recovery post-stroke that can be deployed at scale to collect biologically meaningful phenotypes.
Inferring temporal trends of multiple pathogens, variants, subtypes or serotypes from routine surveillance data
Authors: Eales Oliver , Windecker Saras M. , McCaw James M. , Shearer Freya M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEstimating the temporal trends in infectious disease activity is crucial for monitoring disease spread and the impact of interventions. Surveillance indicators routinely collected to monitor these trends are often a composite of multiple pathogens. For example, ‘influenza-like illness’ — routinely monitored as a proxy for influenza infections — is a symptom definition that could be caused by a wide range of pathogens, including multiple subtypes of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV. Inferred trends from such composite time series may not reflect the trends of any one of the component pathogens, each of which can exhibit distinct dynamics. Although many surveillance systems routinely test a subset of individuals contributing to a surveillance indicator — providing information on the relative contribution of the component pathogens — trends may be obscured by time-varying testing rates or substantial noise in the observation process. Here we develop a general statistical framework for inferring temporal trends of multiple pathogens from routinely collected surveillance data. We demonstrate its application to three different surveillance systems covering multiple pathogens (influenza, SARS-CoV-2, dengue), locations (Australia, Singapore, USA, Taiwan, UK), scenarios (seasonal epidemics, non-seasonal epidemics, pandemic emergence), and temporal reporting resolutions (weekly, daily). This methodology is applicable to a wide range of pathogens and surveillance systems.
A 5-transcript signature for discriminating viral and bacterial etiology in pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Viz-Lasheras Sandra , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Pardo-Seco Jacobo , Bello Xabier , Rivero-Calle Irene , Dacosta Ana Isabel , Kaforou Myrsini , Coote Dominic , Cunnington Aubrey J. , Emonts Marieke , Herberg Jethro A. , Wright Victoria J. , Carrol Enitan D. , Paulus Stephane C. , Zenz Werner , Kohlfürst Daniela S. , Van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Agyeman Philipp , Pollard Andrew J. , Fink Colin , Kuijpers Taco T. , Anderson Suzanne , Calvo Cristina , Martínez-Padilla María del Carmen , Pérez-Aragón Ana , Gómez-Sánchez Esteban , Valencia-Ramos Juan , Giménez-Sánchez Francisco , Alonso-Quintela Paula , Moreno-Galarraga Laura , von Both Ulrich , Pokorn Marko , Zavadska Dace , Tsolia María , Vermont Clementien L. , Moll Henriëtte A. , Levin Michael , Martinón-Torres Federico , Salas Antonio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPneumonia stands as the primary cause of death among children under five, yet current diagnosis methods often result in inadequate or unnecessary treatments. Our research seeks to address this gap by identifying host transcriptomic biomarkers in the blood of children with definitive viral and bacterial pneumonia. We performed RNA sequencing on 192 prospectively collected whole blood samples, including 38 controls and 154 pneumonia cases, uncovering a 5-transcript signature (genesFAM20A,BAG3,TDRD9,MXRA7andKLF14) that effectively distinguishes bacterial from viral pneumonia (AUC: 0.95 [0.88–1.00]) Initial validation using combined definitive and probable cases yielded an AUC of 0.87 [0.77–0.97], while full validation in a new prospective cohort of 32 patients achieved an AUC of 0.92 [0.83–1]. This robust signature holds significant potential to enhance diagnostics accuracy for pediatric pneumonia, reducing diagnostic delays and unnecessary treatments, and potentially transforming clinical practice.