bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined influence of nonlinear thermal radiation and thermal stratification on the dynamics of micropolar fluid along a vertical surface
Authors: Koriko O.K. , Animasaun I.L. , Omowaye A.J. , Oreyeni T. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the problem of thermal destratification facing engineers and scientists during the motion of fluids which consist of rigid and randomly oriented particles suspended in a viscous medium under the influence of Lorentz force. This paper provides an insight into the non-linear transfer of thermal radiation within the boundary layer.

Design/methodology/approach
Similarity transformation and parameterization of the non-linear partial differential equation are carried out. The approximate analytical solution of the governing equation which models the free convective flow of strong and weak concentration of micro-elements in a micropolar fluid over a vertical surface is presented.

Findings
It is observed that the velocity and temperature distribution are decreasing properties of thermal stratification parameter St. Maximum local skin friction coefficients are ascertained at an epilimnion level (St=0) when the magnitude of thermal radiation is small. Thermal stratification parameter has no significant effect on the temperature distribution in the flow near a free stream.

Originality/value
The relationship between stratification of temperature and the transfer of thermal energy during the problem of thermal destratification facing engineers and scientist during the motion of fluids which consist of rigid and randomly oriented particles suspended in a viscous medium under the influence of Lorentz force is unravelled in this paper.
Relevance of urban green space for physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults
Authors: Petersen Evi , Schoen Gerhard , Liedtke Gunnar , Zech Astrid 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Urban green space (UGS) shows to be a sustainable resource stimulating physical activity, health and quality of life in the general population. With regard to an aging European population, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between UGS, physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling older adults.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional survey data were provided by a sample from Hamburg (Germany), consisting of 272 adults aged⩾65 years. Respondents answered questions regarding HRQoL (Short Form 12), physical activity (German-PAQ-50+) and exposure to UGS. The authors applied a linear regression to analyse the relationship between weekly duration of exposure to UGS and physical activity. While controlling for confounding factors, the authors used a multivariate linear regression model to detect effects on HRQoL.

Findings
A significant effect (adjusted R2: 4.3 per cent; p-value⩽0.001) was found for weekly duration of exposure to UGS and weekly physical activity. Multiple linear regression showed significant positive effects of weekly duration of exposure to UGS (p=0.010) and weekly time of physical activity (p=0.017) on HRQoL. Age, sex and feeling of satisfaction were identified as relevant confounding factors.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should continue to explore the indicators that mediate an increase of physical activity and HRQoL in the heterogeneous age band of older adults.

Practical implications
Findings suggest that community-dwelling older adults are likely to benefit from higher amounts of time in UGS since it is positively associated with both physical activity and HRQoL. Therefore, urban planners should explicitly consider the demands of community-dwelling older adults towards UGS.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine the relationship between UGS, physical activity and HRQoL in older adults.
Associations between maternal physical activity in early and late pregnancy and offspring birth size: remote federated individual level meta‐analysis from eight cohort studies
Authors: Pastorino S , Bishop T , Crozier SR , Granström C , Kordas K , Küpers LK , O'Brien EC , Polanska K , Sauder KA , Zafarmand MH , Wilson RC , Agyemang C , Burton PR , Cooper C , Corpeleijn E , Dabelea D , Hanke W , Inskip HM , McAuliffe FM , Olsen SF , Vrijkotte TG , Brage S , Kennedy A , O'Gorman D , Scherer P , Wijndaele K , Wareham NJ , Desoye G , Ong KK 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveEvidence on the impact of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in pregnancy on birth size is inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between LTPA during early and late pregnancy and newborn anthropometric outcomes.DesignIndividual level meta‐analysis, which reduces heterogeneity across studies.SettingA consortium of eight population‐based studies (seven European and one US) comprising 72 694 participants.MethodsGeneralised linear models with consistent inclusion of confounders (gestational age, sex, parity, maternal age, education, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake) were used to test associations between self‐reported LTPA at either early (8–18 weeks gestation) or late pregnancy (30+ weeks) and the outcomes. Results were pooled using random effects meta‐analyses.Main outcome measuresBirth weight, large‐for‐gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), % body fat, and ponderal index at birth.ResultsLate, but not early, gestation maternal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous activity, and LTPA energy expenditure were modestly inversely associated with BW, LGA, macrosomia, and ponderal index, without heterogeneity (all: I2 = 0%). For each extra hour/week of MVPA, RR for LGA and macrosomia were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98), respectively. Associations were only modestly reduced after additional adjustments for maternal BMI and gestational diabetes. No measure of LTPA was associated with risk for SGA.ConclusionsPhysical activity in late, but not early, pregnancy is consistently associated with modestly lower risk of LGA and macrosomia, but not SGA.Tweetable abstractIn an individual participant meta‐analysis, late pregnancy moderate to vigorous physical activity modestly reduced birth size outcomes.
Treatment of the Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome with autologous in vitro cultured vaginal tissue: descriptive study of long‐term results and patient outcomes
Authors: Sabatucci I , Palaia I , Marchese C , Muzii L , Morte C Della , Giorgini M , Musella A , Ceccarelli S , Vescarelli E , Panici PB 
Published: September 2018

Objective
Evaluating sexual function and quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with a modified Abbé–McIndoe technique using in vitro cultured autologous vaginal mucosa.
Design
Descriptive study.
Setting
Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome.
Population
From 2006 to 2016, 39 women affected by Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) underwent vaginoplasty at our centre using a modified Abbé–McIndoe technique with in vitro cultured autologous vaginal tissue.
Methods
For each patient, vaginal tissue was obtained by full‐thickness biopsy of the vaginal vestibule. Following enzymatic dissociation, cells were cultured for 2–3 weeks before the transplant.
Main outcome measures
Each patient completed two validated questionnaires to quantify sexual function and QoL: the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), administered at 12, 36, and 60 months, and the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWBI) administered at 0, 6, and 36 months after surgery.
Results
Twelve months after surgery, 29 patients were engaging in regular sexual activity. The FSFI test results showed a satisfactory sexual function compared to the general population, with median values of 25.85 (range 4.6–30.5) at 12 months, 27.2 (range 4.4–33.6) at 36 months, and 29.6 (range 23.9–33.6) at 60 months. The PGWBI questionnaire showed a median score of 420.5 (range 108–540) before surgery, and 459 (range 252–533) at the 60‐month follow‐up.
Conclusions
Vaginoplasty performed with the use of autologous vaginal tissue, besides ensuring a long‐term satisfying sex life, helps in achieving an improvement in QoL that is maintained over time.Tweetable abstractVaginoplasty using in vitro vaginal tissue ensures a satisfactory sexual function and improves quality of life.
Impact of acutely behavioural disturbed patients in the emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Oliver Matthew , Adonopulos Aaron A , Haber Paul S , Dinh Michael M , Green Tim , Wand Tim , Vitte Alexandre , Chalkley Dane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study describes patients with acute behavioural disturbance presenting to the ED, the impact they have on the department and any complications that occur.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of adult patients (>17 years old) requiring parenteral sedation for acute behavioural disturbance over a 13 month period. Demographic data, mode of arrival, indication, drug type and dosing used for sedation were collected. Departmental data were recorded including the staff type and numbers involved and the condition of the department. The main outcomes were complications from sedative medication and injury sustained to patients or staff.ResultsOver the study period 173 patients met inclusion criteria, the majority (n = 104, 60%) were men with a mean age of 38.5 years (standard deviation 14.4); 51% of patients had more than one indication for sedation (n = 89), the commonest being mental health related plus drug intoxication (n = 30, 33.7%). Intoxication was frequently from either alcohol (n = 62, 47%) or methamphetamine (n = 41, 31%). The median number of staff involved was 10 (interquartile range 8–12). Staff members received an injury in 12% (n = 20) of sedations, with only 1% (n = 2) of patients receiving any physical injury; 12% (n = 20) had a minor complication from the sedation medication. No patient had any major complication (apnoea, intubation, arrhythmias or cardiac arrest).ConclusionPatients with acute behavioural disturbance often have a history of mental illnesses and are commonly intoxicated. These patients have impacts on healthcare resources and pose risks to staff safety, but significant complications to patients do not occur frequently.
Hypothalamus enlargement in mood disorders
Authors: Schindler S. , Schmidt L. , Stroske M. , Storch M. , Anwander A. , Trampel R. , Strauß M. , Hegerl U. , Geyer S. , Schönknecht P. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine, in vivo, whether the hypothalamus volume is reduced in patients with mood disorders.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 20 unmedicated (MDDu) and 20 medicated patients with major depressive disorder, 21 patients with bipolar disorder, and 23 controls. Twenty of the controls were matched to the MDDu. Seven Tesla, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired and processed using methods specifically developed for high‐precision volumetry of the hypothalamus.ResultsAn overall group difference was observed for the left hypothalamus volume corrected for intracranial volume. Planned contrasts identified that the left hypothalamus was approximately 5% larger in each patient group compared with the control group. A paired t‐test with the 20 matched pairs of MDDu and controls and without correction for covariates confirmed the larger left hypothalamus volume in MDDu.ConclusionsContrary to our expectations, the hypothalamus volume was increased in patients with uni‐ and bipolar affective disorders. The effect was left‐sided and independent of medication status or statistical correction for covariates. Supported by emerging evidence that the stress response may be related to structural and functional asymmetry in the brain, our finding suggests a crucial role of the hypothalamus in mood disorders.
A birch sublingual allergy immunotherapy tablet reduces rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms when exposed to birch and oak and induces IgG4 to allergens from all trees in the birch homologous group
Authors: Couroux Peter , Ipsen Henrik , Stage Brian Sonne , Damkjær Jakob Thomas , Steffensen Maria Abildgaard , Salapatek Anne Marie , Lund Kaare , Würtzen Peter Adler 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis randomized, double‐blind trial was conducted to determine the optimal dose for clinical efficacy of the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet. An environmental exposure chamber (EEC) was used to reduce variability of allergen exposure and allow investigation of symptom reduction towards different species from the birch homologous group in separate EEC sessions.MethodsEligible subjects (N = 219) were randomized to receive treatment with placebo or the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet (2, 7, or 12 DU) for 24 weeks. EEC pollen challenges were conducted outside the birch pollen season and included four birch and two oak EEC sessions. The primary efficacy endpoint was the average allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) total symptom score (TSS) after 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsThere was a statistically significantly lower TSS during the 24‐week birch EEC session for 7 DU and 12 DU compared to placebo with relative differences of 24% (P = 0.03) and 25% (P = 0.02). For the 24‐week oak EEC session, there was a statistically significant difference for 12 DU (24%, P = 0.03). IgE and IgG4 measurements supported these findings and demonstrated cross‐reactivity to all other species within the birch homologous group. Treatment was well‐tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse reactions being the local reactions in the oral cavity of mild‐to‐moderate severity.ConclusionThis trial demonstrates that the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet reduce ARC symptoms triggered by birch or oak pollen. The optimal dose for further development was 12 DU. Clinical and immunological findings suggest that the tablet may be used to treat allergies to all species within the birch homologous group.
Relationship between call rate per individual and genotyping accuracy of bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphism array using deoxyribonucleic acid of various qualities
Authors: Sasaki Shinji , Yoshinari Kanako , Uchiyama Katsuo , Takeda Masayuki , Kojima Takatoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding. However, the relationship among sample genotyping efficiency (call rate per individual), accuracy of SNP genotypes, and DNA quality (integrity, concentration, and mixture of DNA, i.e., chimerism) remains unknown. We determined the effect of DNA quality on call rate per individual and accuracy of SNP genotypes using artificial DNA samples of various qualities. Integrity and concentration of DNA were less sensitive to call rate per individual and accuracy of genotyping in the SNP array. Chimerism strongly affected call rate per individual and accuracy of SNP genotypes. Artificial chimerism experiments showed that relative to unmixed DNA, the genotypic matching error (%) of mixed DNAs linearly increased with mix ratio, whereas the call rate per individual in some samples at 50% mix ratio was >0.95. However, individuals with higher chimerism were readily identified based on standard deviation of B‐allele frequency (BAF) and BAF distribution across the genome from SNP array data. Thus, we effectively managed the balance by maximizing genotyping accuracy and minimizing the number of samples for re‐genotyping by using quality control for combining call rate per individual with BAF.
Enterovirus infection during pregnancy is inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring
Authors: Korhonen Laura , Seiskari Tapio , Lehtonen Jussi , Puustinen Leena , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Haapala Anna‐Maija , Niemelä Onni , Virtanen Suvi M. , Honkanen Hanna , Karjalainen Mira , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Lönnrot Maria , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundPrenatal environment has been shown to influence child's risk of atopic diseases. Laboratory‐confirmed data about the role of maternal infections during pregnancy is scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the associations between serologically confirmed maternal infections during pregnancy and atopic disease in the offspring.MethodsThis was a nested case‐control study within a prospective birth cohort study. Altogether 202 atopic case children and 333 matched non‐atopic control children were included. Atopic outcome was defined as having an atopic disease and IgE sensitization by the age of 5 years. We analysed serologically acute enterovirus (EV), influenza virus A (IAV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections during pregnancy, and mother's seropositivity against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori.ResultsMaternal EV infection during pregnancy was inversely associated with atopic outcome in the offspring (odds ratio 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.23‐0.80, P = 0.008). Acute IAV or M. pneumoniae infections or seropositivity against CMV or Helicobacter pylori were not associated with the atopic outcome.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur results suggest that maternal EV infections during pregnancy are inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring. Our finding provides further support to the previous studies suggesting an important role of the in utero environment in the development of atopic diseases.
High MDR-1 expression by MAIT cells confers resistance to cytotoxic but not immunosuppressive MDR-1 substrates
Authors: Fergusson J R , Ussher J E , Kurioka A , Klenerman P , Walker L J 
Published: September 2018

Summary
High expression of the ATP-binding cassette-multi-drug efflux protein 1 (MDR1) is a striking feature of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a prominent human innate-like T cell subset. We demonstrate significantly higher MDR1 expression by CD8 + CD161 ++ Vα7.2 + MAIT cells than the phenotypically and functionally related CD8 + CD161 ++ Vα7.2-subset and show MDR1 expression to be similarly high throughout MAIT CD4+, CD8+, double-negative (DN) and double-positive (DP) cell subsets. We demonstrate the MAIT cell-predominant CD8+CD161++ subset to uniquely and efficiently efflux the cytotoxic anthracycline daunorubicin, retain function on daunorubicin exposure and demonstrate MDR1-dependent protection from daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. By contrast, CD8+CD161++Vα7.2+ MAIT cells were not protected from the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of the immunosuppressive MDR1 substrates tacrolimus and mycophenoic acid, although function following MAIT cell-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and -independent stimulation was preserved on in-vitro exposure to these agents. Overall, our data further define MDR1 expression by CD161++ T and MAIT cells and demonstrate the potential for high MDR1 expression by MAIT cells to confer resistance to cytotoxic MDR1 substrates in vivo. As our understanding of the importance of MAIT cells in human immunity and immunopathology grows, this is an important observation for clinical contexts such as the treatment of malignancy, autoimmunity and post-transplant immunosuppression.
Evaluation of vitamin D status and its correlation with gonadal function in children at mini‐puberty
Authors: Kılınç Suna , Atay Enver , Ceran Ömer , Atay Zeynep 
Published: September 2018

SummaryContextThe effects of Vitamin D on reproductive function in adults have gained interest. Studies have demonstrated some associations. Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis is activated during the first 6 months of life, called as mini‐puberty. This HPG activation is important for future gonadal function. There are no data regarding the association of gonadal hormones and 25(OH)D levels at mini‐puberty. Demonstration of any association would form the basis for studies that will search for the effects of 25(OH)D on gonadal hormones at mini‐puberty.ObjectiveTo characterize the associations between 25(OH)D levels and gonadal hormones at mini‐puberty.DesignCross‐sectional cohort analysis.Patient(s) or other participant(s)A total of 180 (94 boys and 86 girls) healthy appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age neonates were included.Main outcome measure(s)25(OH)D, LH, FSH, total testosterone, oestradiol, AMH and inhibin B levels were measured at postnatal 30‐45 days. All infants were divided into three groups including vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (10‐20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficiency (>20 ng/mL). Correlations between vitamin D status and reproductive hormones were analysed.Result(s)Total testosterone level was higher (mean: 0.52 ± 0.32 vs 0.26 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P: 0.008) and inhibin B was lower in 25(OH)D deficient than sufficient girls (mean: 21.2 ± 15.71 vs 53.25 ± 47.25 pg/mL; P: 0.021).Conclusion(s)A modest effect of 25(OH)D was identified on total testosterone and inhibin B in girls at mini‐puberty. The 25(OH)D may have an effect on gonadal function during early life. Randomized controlled trials could clarify the importance of vitamin D on gonadal hormones at mini‐puberty.
Elevated 1‐hour post‐load plasma glucose identifies obese youth with abnormal glucose metabolism and an unfavourable inflammatory profile
Authors: Serbis Anastasios , Giapros Vasileios , Challa Anna , Chaliasos Nikolaos , Siomou Ekaterini 
Published: September 2018

SummaryContextAdults with plasma glucose levels at one hour (1h‐GL) ≥8.6 mmol/L during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and present an unfavourable cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile, but relevant data on children are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate if elevated 1h‐GL during OGTT in obese children and adolescents is associated with insulin resistance and specific pro‐inflammatory biomarkers.Research Design and MethodsThe study group comprised 88 obese children who attended the Outpatient Pediatric Clinic of our Hospital between January and December 2016. Children were divided into two groups according to 1h‐GL during an OGTT: group 1 (n = 57) consisted of those with 1h‐GL <8.6 mmol/L and group 2 (n = 31) of those with 1h‐GL ≥8.6 mmol/L. Arterial blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) z‐scores were measured in all participants. Specific insulin resistance (IR) indices, that is HOMA‐IR, Matsuda index and Cederholm insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. Further, pro‐inflammatory biomarkers that have been correlated with obesity complications, namely adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and interleukin (IL)‐6 together with lipid levels were measured in all participants. Logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsChildren in group 2 had higher insulin (15.5 ± 6.4 vs 10.9 ± 4.8 μU/mL), HOMA‐IR (3.41 ± 1.4 vs 2.34 ± 1.05) and lower Matsuda index [4.7 (3.1) vs 18.4 (17) median plus IQR] and Cederholm ISI (38 ± 6 vs 56 ± 11), than children in group 1 (all P < 0.001). They also had higher visfatin (15.4 ± 5.2 vs 10.1 ± 7 ng/mL), and IL‐6 [12.5 (6.7) vs 4.8 (4.4) pg/mL], and lower adiponectin (5.9 ± 3.4 vs 11.8 ± 4.7 μg/mL) than children in group 1 (all P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that these differences between the two groups were independent of age, sex, Tanner stage, BMI and WC z‐scores.ConclusionsIn obese children, 1h‐GL ≥8.6 mmol/L during an OGTT is correlated with worsened IR, and an unfavourable metabolic and inflammatory profile. Thus, 1h‐GL could be used as an additional marker to identify obese children and adolescents at increased risk of developing obesity complications.