bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the brain–gut–microbiota axis in psychology: The importance of considering gut microbiota in the development, perpetuation, and treatment of psychological disorders
Authors: Ganci Michael , Suleyman Emra , Butt Henry , Ball Michelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of psychological disorders remains stable despite steady increases in pharmacological treatments suggesting the need for auxiliary treatment options. Consideration of the brain–gut–microbiota axis (BGMA) has made inroads into reconceptualizing psychological illness from a more holistic perspective. While our understanding of the precise role of gut microbiota (GM) in psychological illness is in its infancy, it represents an attractive target for novel interventions.MethodAn extensive review of relevant literature was undertaken.ResultsGut microbiota are proposed to directly and indirectly influence mood, cognition, and behavior which are key components of mental health. This paper outlines how GM may be implicated in psychological disorders from etiology through to treatment and prevention using the Four P model of case formulation.ConclusionMoving forward, integration of GM into the conceptualization and treatment of psychological illness will require the discipline of psychology to undergo a significant paradigm shift. While the importance of the GM in psychological well‐being must be respected, it is not proposed to be a panacea, but instead, an additional arm to a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and prevention.
Institutional investors' attention to environmental information, trading strategies, and market impacts: Evidence from China
Authors: Wei Ping , Mao Xiaodan , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing a large proprietary database of intraday high‐frequency trading, we investigate the trading strategies of institutional investors in dealing with the negative environmental event disclosure of listed companies and their impact on markets, aiming to reveal the mechanism of the lack of “green efficiency” in China's capital market from the perspective of institutional investors. The results show that institutional investors react to negative environmental events prior to the announcements, indicating premature information leakage in the market; in addition, their trading behaviors mitigate the immediate effect of negative environmental event announcements on stock price. After the event is disclosed, institutional investors engage in short‐term selling and long‐term buy and hold. This trading strategy undermines the irrational selling of individual investors in the event of disclosure, short‐term decline in stock price, and long‐term reversal of market overreaction. In a China context, institutional investors generally take environmental information into consideration. However, they fail to recognize the long‐term value effect of negative environmental events and instead cater to trading strategies towards market volatility.
Healthy lifestyle discussions between healthcare providers and older cancer survivors: Data from 12 cancer centers in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Halilova Karina I. , Pisu Maria , Azuero Andres , Williams Courtney P. , Kenzik Kelly M. , Williams Grant R. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Martin Michelle Y. , Kvale Elizabeth A. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence of healthy lifestyle (HLS) discussions between providers and older cancer survivors.MethodsWe utilized cross‐sectional data from older cancer survivors (≥65 years) seen at 12 southeastern cancer centers during 2013‐2015. Data on demographics, time since diagnosis, weight, height, and healthy behaviors were collected. Respondents were asked if providers (oncologists, other physicians, and/or nurses) discussed exercise, healthy diet, weight management, and/or smoking cessation during clinical encounters. Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations between HLS topics and survivor characteristics were calculated.ResultsAmong 1460 cancer survivors, mean age was 74 years (SD 6), most were white (81%), and >1 year postdiagnosis (84%). The majority (71%) reported discussing at least one of three HLS topics (exercise 49%, healthy diet 53%, vegetable consumption 28%); 17% received counseling on all three. Weight loss was recommended to 33% of overweight/obese survivors and smoking cessation to 85% of current smokers. Oncologists and nurses discussed HLS less frequently compared to other physicians. Younger survivors (65‐74 years) received recommendations for exercise, weight loss, and tobacco cessation more often than older survivors (≥75 years). Compared to white respondents, minorities reported discussions on all topics more often except for tobacco cessation. Excluding tobacco cessation, survivors with recent cancer diagnoses (<1 year) reported HLS discussions more often than survivors >1 year postdiagnosis.ConclusionDespite the American Cancer Society's recommendations, older survivors reported a low prevalence of HLS discussions with their providers, with some variation by demographic groups. Strategies are needed to promote these important discussions in this population.
The feasibility of training general practitioners to do cognitive behavioural therapy in routine practice—A qualitative study
Authors: Davidsen Annette Sofie , Overbeck Gritt , Kousgaard Marius Brostrøm 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn a collaborative care model in Denmark, general practitioners (GPs) were trained in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) of their patients with common mental disorders through supervision by psychiatric nurses and a psychiatrist. We explored the feasibility of implementing CBT as a treatment into routine general practice through this supervision.DesignA qualitative interview study as part of a larger implementation study of collaborative care between general practice and psychiatry in Denmark.MethodInterviews with all three professional groups involved in the intervention were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe participants experienced several cultural and organizational challenges with implementing CBT in general practice. The GPs were used to carrying out talking therapy with methods integrated into the treatment culture in general practice, and it was difficult for them to supplant existing therapeutic skills and approaches. The specific CBT approach was not compatible with the work conditions and work culture in general practice regarding patient relations, time frames and workload; and the inter‐professional training relations between GPs and psychiatric nurses were often challenging. There was an overall agreement among the professionals that general practice of talking therapy could not be changed in the image of psychiatry.ConclusionThe results suggest that wide‐scale implementation of CBT delivered by GPs to patients with common mental disorders is not feasible. Nevertheless, there are many psychotherapeutic elements in routine consultations in general practice, and GPs could possibly gain from improving their ways of questioning, and their use of non‐specific therapeutic, relational and psychodynamic factors.
A Theoretical Study of the Molecular Coupled Structures of Aristolochic Acids and Humic Acid, Potential Environmental Contaminants
Authors: Petrescu Alina M. , Lukinich‐Gruia Alexandra T. , Paunescu Virgil , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn understanding of the fate of organic compounds originating from plants in soil is crucial for determining their persistence and concentrations in the environment. Aristolochic acids are believed to be the causal agents that induce Balkan endemic nephropathy by food contamination through soil adsorption of humic acids, major components of soil. Aristolochic acids are active chemicals in Aristolochia plant species found in endemic villages. In this article, molecular structure interactions between 18 structures of aristolochic acids with an inserted humic acid structure were studied. These structures were optimized in vacuo and by periodic box simulation with water solvate using the computational molecular mechanics MM+ method with HyperChem software. The QSPR models were used for correlation of the relationship between the hydrophobicity values of 18 AA structures coupled with a HA structure by MM+ and QSAR+ properties. Computational hydrophobicity values were considered dependent variables and were related to the structural features obtained by molecular and quantum mechanics calculations by multiple linear regression approaches. The obtained model was validated, and the results indicated differing hydrophobicity between the MM+ and QSAR+ properties.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus surgery for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: A reconstructed individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Dowling Cameron , Kondapally Seshasai Sreenivasa Rao , Firoozi Sami , Brecker Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe wished to undertake a reconstructed individual patient data meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgery for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.BackgroundTAVR and surgery are both well‐established methods for treating patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are at low, intermediate, and high risk for surgery.MethodsData were identified by searches of Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov for all randomized clinical trials, which compared TAVR and surgery that had published at least 1 year of follow‐up. Individual patient data were reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsA total of 7,770 patients from seven randomized clinical trials were included in this meta‐analysis. At 1 year, TAVR was associated with a lower risk of death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.98; p = .03), disabling stroke (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.93; p = .01) and the composite end point of death or disabling stroke (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.92; p = .002). Significant interactions were found for access suitability, with TAVR associated with a lower risk of these end points in patients suitable for transfemoral access. TAVR was associated with a lower risk of periprocedural events, whereas the risk of late events was similar between TAVR and surgery.ConclusionsAt 1 year, TAVR was associated with a lower risk of death, disabling stroke and the composite end point, when compared with surgery. These associations were strongest within the subgroup of patients in whom transfemoral access was feasible.
Balanced amino acid and higher micronutrients in millets complements legumes for improved human dietary nutrition
Authors: Anitha Seetha , Govindaraj Mahalingam , Kane‐Potaka Joanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesMore than 2 billion people suffer with malnutrition arising from dietary protein and micronutrients deficiencies. To enhance the dietary nutrient quality, the current study used two largely grown varieties of finger millet, pearl millet, pigeonpea, and chickpea to evaluate the effect of millet–legume blends for their enhanced protein digestibility, amino acid profiles, and essential micronutrients.FindingsOur study revealed the presence of significant levels of proteins (6.3%–22.3%), essential amino acids, and micronutrients (Fe: 2.6–8.5 mg; Zn: 2–5.5 mg; Ca: 22‐450 mg in 100 g) in these varieties. When specific millets combined with legumes in 3:1 proportion, significantly enhanced nutritional value of food by providing a balanced amino acid with good protein digestibility, and high levels of iron (7.58 mg) and zinc (4.96 mg) with 100 g of pearl millet and calcium (400.57 mg) with 100 g of finger millet.ConclusionsPigeonpea and chickpea have a good level of proteins with essential amino acids except methionine and cysteine, whereas millet had balanced amino acid including methionine and cysteine (50% higher) and much higher levels of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Ca). Therefore, specific millets and legumes combination complemented higher levels of micronutrients in addition to complete proteins to support comprehensive human nutrition.Significance and noveltyThis study opens prospects for selecting complementary nutrient‐dense varieties for household consumption. Industries can explore these product developments significantly to reduce malnutrition if consumed adequately, which is not possible with polished rice, refined wheat flour or maize even if it is combined with legumes.
Reduction of Propanoic Acid over Pd‐Promoted Supported WOx Catalysts
Authors: Kammert James D. , Brezicki Gordon , Miyake Naomi , Stavitski Eli , Davis Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSilica‐, titania‐, and zirconia‐supported tungsten oxide catalysts were synthesized by wetness impregnation techniques. When promoted with Pd, these materials catalyzed the reduction of propanoic acid to 1‐propanol at 433 K with a selectivity of up to 92 % (13.5 % conversion) in atmospheric pressure of H2. Over Pd‐promoted WOx/TiO2, the observed orders of reaction were 0.2 in H2 and 0.7 in propanoic acid, and the apparent activation energy was 54 kJ mol−1. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy of Pd‐promoted WOx/SiO2 revealed a slight reduction of the W from +6 to an average oxidation state of about +5 during H2 treatment above 473 K. In situ infrared spectroscopy indicated the catalyst surface was covered mostly by propanoate species during reaction. For comparison, supported phosphotungstic acid was also evaluated as a catalyst under identical conditions, but the resulting high acidity of the catalyst was deleterious to alcohol selectivity.
Systematic evaluation of PAXgene® tissue fixation for the histopathological and molecular study of lung cancer
Authors: Southwood Mark , Krenz Tomasz , Cant Natasha , Maurya Manisha , Gazdova Jana , Maxwell Perry , McGready Claire , Moseley Ellen , Hughes Susan , Stewart Peter , Salto‐Tellez Manuel , Groelz Daniel , Rassl Doris ,   On behalf of the STRATfix Consortium
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhilst adequate for most existing pathological tests, formalin is generally considered a poor DNA preservative and use of alternative fixatives may prove advantageous for molecular testing of tumour material; an increasingly common approach to identify targetable driver mutations in lung cancer patients. We collected paired PAXgene® tissue‐fixed and formalin‐fixed samples of block‐sized tumour and lung parenchyma, Temno‐needle core tumour biopsies and fine needle tumour aspirates (FNAs) from non‐small cell lung cancer resection specimens. Traditionally processed formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded (FFPE) samples were compared to paired PAXgene® tissue fixed paraffin‐embedded (PFPE) samples. We evaluated suitability for common laboratory tests (H&E staining and immunohistochemistry) and performance for downstream molecular investigations relevant to lung cancer, including RT‐PCR and next generation DNA sequencing (NGS). Adequate and comparable H&E staining was seen in all sample types and nuclear staining was preferable in PAXgene® fixed Temno tumour biopsies and tumour FNA samples. Immunohistochemical staining was broadly comparable. PFPE samples enabled greater yields of less‐fragmented DNA than FFPE comparators. PFPE samples were also superior for PCR and NGS performance, both in terms of quality control metrics and for variant calling. Critically we identified a greater number of genetic variants in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene when using PFPE samples and the Ingenuity® Variant Analysis pipeline. In summary, PFPE samples are adequate for histopathological diagnosis and suitable for the majority of existing laboratory tests. PAXgene® fixation is superior for DNA and RNA integrity, particularly in low‐yield samples and facilitates improved NGS performance, including the detection of actionable lung cancer mutations for precision medicine in lung cancer samples.
The association between hyperuricemia and coronary artery calcification development: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Ling , Hou Xianghua , Bainey Kevin R. , Zhang Yanlin , Tymchak Wayne , Qi Zhongquan , Li Weihua , Banh Hoan Linh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHyperuricemia coincides with coronary artery calcification (CAC) development, but the role of serum uric acid (SUA) as a risk factor for CAC remains unclear. The objective of this study was to gain an insight into the association between SUA and CAC in adults by performing a meta‐analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO (CINAHL) were searched for relevant observational studies published until 2 June 2019. Studies were included only if they reported data on CAC presence (Agatston score > 0) or progression related to hyperuricemia in subclinical adult patients. The pooled estimates of crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between CAC presence or progression and hyperuricemia. A total of 11 studies were identified involving 11 108 adults. The pooled OR based on the frequency of CAC presence showed that patients in the high SUA group had 1.806‐fold risk for developing CAC (95% CI: 1.491‐2.186) under the minimal threshold of hyperuricemia (more than 6 mg/dL or 357 μmoL/L). When SUA levels were analyzed as categorical variables, the pooled estimate of adjusted ORs was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.23‐1.79) for CAC presence. Additionally, for each increase of 1 mg/dL of SUA level, the risk of CAC progression was increased by 31% (95% CI: 1.15‐1.49) with an average follow‐up duration ranged from 4.6 to 6.1 years. Hyperuricemia is closely associated with increased risk of CAC development and CAC progression in asymptomatic patients.
Longitudinal prognostic communication needs of adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Fasciano Karen , Block Susan D. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAlthough the majority of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer desire prognostic information, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding how preferences for prognostic communication change over time.MethodsThe current study was a longitudinal, prospective, questionnaire‐based cohort study of 136 AYA patients with cancer who were aged 15 to 29 years and who were treated at a large academic cancer center. Previously published scales were administered at the time of diagnosis and at 4 months and 12 months after diagnosis.ResultsThe majority of patients reported that prognostic information was very/extremely important at the time of diagnosis (85%), at 4 months (96%; P = .002 compared with baseline), and at 12 months (81%; P = .02 compared with baseline). Few patients reported that prognostic knowledge was very/extremely upsetting at baseline (7%), at 4 months (9%; P = .44 compared with baseline), or at 12 months (11%; P = .27 compared with baseline). The majority of patients were satisfied with the amount of prognostic information received throughout the year after diagnosis (81%, 86%, and 81%, respectively, at the time of diagnosis, at 4 months, and at 12 months). This percentage did not change between the time of diagnosis and 4 months (P = .16) or between diagnosis and 12 months (P = 1.00). In multivariable analysis, satisfaction with prognostic information received was associated with patient report of high‐quality communication (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.38‐5.17) and having a >75% chance of cure (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.24‐4.61) after adjustment for patient age category, race/ethnicity, and time point of administration.ConclusionsThe majority of AYA patients with cancer were satisfied with prognostic disclosure over time, but a sizeable minority wanted additional information. Desire for prognostic information increased over time. Clinicians should return to prognostic discussions over time to support AYA patients with cancer.
The mouse olfactory peduncle 4: Development of synapses, perineuronal nets, and capillaries
Authors: Collins Lindsay N. , Brunjes Peter C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOlfaction is critical for survival in neonatal mammals. However, little is known about the neural substrate for this ability as few studies of synaptic development in several olfactory processing regions have been reported. Odor information detected in the nasal cavity is first processed by the olfactory bulb and then sent via the lateral olfactory tract to a series of olfactory cortical areas. The first of these, the anterior olfactory nucleus pars principalis (AONpP), is a simple, two layered cortex with an outer plexiform and inner cell zone (Layers 1 and 2, respectively). Five sets of studies examined age‐related changes in the AONpP. First, immunocytochemistry for glutamatergic (VGlut1 and VGlut2) and GABAergic (VGAT) synapses demonstrated that overall synaptic patterns remained uniform with age. The second set quantified synaptic development with electron microscopy and found different developmental patterns between Layers 1 and 2. As many of the interhemispheric connections in the olfactory system arise from AONpP, the third set examined the development of crossed projections using anterograde tracers and electron microscopy to explore the maturation of this pathway. A fourth study examined ontogenetic changes in immunostaining for the proteoglycans aggrecan and brevican, markers of mesh‐like extracellular structures known as perineuronal nets whose maturation is associated with the end of early critical periods of synaptogenesis. A final study found no age‐related changes in the density of vasculature in the peduncle from P5 to P30. This work is among the first to examine early postnatal changes in this initial cortical region of the olfactory system.
Does intraoperative bone density testing correlate with parameters of primary implant stability? A pilot study in minipigs
Authors: Grobecker‐Karl Tanja , Palarie Victor , Schneider Sonja , Karl Matthias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesBone density, surgical protocol, and implant design are the major determinants of primary stability. The goal of this animal trial was to investigate potential correlations of intraoperative bone density testing with clinical and histologic parameters of primary implant stability.Material and methodsFollowing extractions of all mandibular premolars and subsequent healing, four implants each were placed in a total of four minipigs. Bone density was determined by applying intraoperative compressive tests using a device named BoneProbe whereas measurements of implant insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis were used for evaluating implant stability. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone to implant contact were quantified after harvesting mandibular block sections. Spearman rank correlation tests were performed for evaluating correlations (α = .05).ResultsDue to variation in clinical measurements, only weak correlations could be identified. A positive correlation was found between the parameters bone to implant contact and BMD (Spearman's rho .53; p = .05) whereas an inverse correlation was observed between BMD and implant stability (Spearman's rho −.61; p = .03). Both BoneProbe measurements in the cortical and trabecular area positively correlated with implant insertion torque (Spearman's rho 0.60; p = .02). A slightly stronger correlation was observed between the average of both BoneProbe measurements and implant insertion torque (Spearman's rho.66; p = .01).ConclusionsWhile establishing exact relationships among parameters of implant stability and the measurement techniques applied would require greater sample size, intraoperative compressive testing of bone might, despite the weak correlations seen here, be a useful tool for predicting primary implant stability.