bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant, moral overdemandingness and self‐scrutiny
Authors: Sticker Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate about how the overdemandingness objection applies to Kant's ethics. I first look at the versions of the overdemandingness objections Kant himself levels against other ethicists and ethical principles and I discuss in what sense he acknowledges overdemandingness as a problem. Then I argue that, according to Kant's own standards, introspection about the moral worthiness of one's actions can constitute forms of moral overdemandingness. Self‐scrutiny and Kant's well‐known claim that we can never be certain that we acted for the right reason jeopardize agents’ deserved happiness. Furthermore, self‐scrutiny can constitute an activity Kant himself criticizes under the labels of “micrology” and “fantastic virtue”. The demandingness of critical self‐scrutiny has not yet received due attention in the overdemandingness debate since this debate is focused on duties we have towards others.
Extensive adipose replacement of the parotid glands: an unusual presentation of sialadenosis. A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Guan G. , Won J. , Mei L. , Polonowita A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSialadenosis is an asymptomatic, bilateral enlargement of salivary glands which most commonly affects the parotid glands. Dental practitioners must be able to differentiate gland enlargement to inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic processes to prevent unnecessary management and allow for correct referrals to specialists. Adipose replacement has been recognised as an uncommon feature of sialadenosis that may be linked to several systemic conditions; however, fatty infiltration of the glands to the degree of this case report has been rarely presented. The authors report on an unusual presentation of sialadenosis with extensive adipose replacement in the parotid glands, and review on the current literature for associated causes, clinicopathological features, various diagnostic tools and the appropriate management of sialadenosis.
Reducing cardiovascular disease in a rural community
Authors: Allgood Sallie D. , Leeman Jennifer , Rosemond Cherie A. , Ammerman Alice S. , Samuel‐Hodge Carmen , Cykert Samuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this case report, we describe the one‐year formative phase of a five‐year study to develop, implement, and test a community health worker (CHW)‐delivered cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention intervention. The purpose of the formative phase was to engage community partners in the adaptation of an existing evidence‐based CVD prevention intervention to fit the needs and preferences of a rural, predominantly African‐American community. The formative work was guided by a framework for adapting evidence‐based interventions and involved engaging stakeholders in assessing the intervention's fit with the local context and then applying assessment findings to iteratively adapt the intervention's contents, materials, and delivery methods. Findings from the formative work were then applied to develop CHW position descriptions, workflow diagrams, and a training plan. Findings also were applied to adapt intervention materials and protocols to fit the needs of the community. This case report illustrates how community‐engaged formative work can be applied to adapt an evidence‐based intervention to fit community needs and resources.
Different Immigrants, Same Attitudes? Making Sense of the Association Between Two Immigrant Groups
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐han , Tsai Chia‐hung , Huang Chi 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivePrevious studies of public attitudes toward immigration have been set in economically developed areas such as the United States and the countries of Western Europe, implicitly applying the term “immigrants” solely to blue‐collar laborers. In this article, we extend the discussion to Taiwan, a newly democratic and nearly developed country in East Asia.MethodsOur study investigates public attitudes toward immigrants with different occupations and test predictions derived from both economic and cultural approaches.ResultsFrom an analysis of the survey data, we find different economic factors for pro‐immigration attitudes toward foreign professionals and laborers.ConclusionsSpecifically, people who have higher incomes are more likely to allow foreign professionals to become citizens, and people with positive assessments of national and individual economic conditions are more likely to favor the inflow of foreign workers. Furthermore, cultural tolerance and a high level of education are correlated to pro‐migration attitudes toward both foreign professionals and laborers.
Resilience: insights from medical educators
Authors: Chan Linda , Dennis Ashley A 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundEducators have unique opportunities to cultivate resilience in themselves and in their learners across the medical education continuum through the formal, informal and hidden curricula. Yet, there is a dearth of research exploring how medical educators conceptualise resilience, and how they foster learner resilience in medical education.MethodsThematic framework analysis was conducted on data collected through an online questionnaire, which was part of a larger study exploring resilience in medical educators. Open‐ended questions examined educators’ conceptualisations of resilience and how they reported supporting resilience in their learners. Sociodemographic characteristics were also collected to describe the sample of participants.FindingsA total of 244 medical educators participated from across the UK. They predominantly conceptualised resilience as an individual process. Participants mostly reported approaches to fostering learner resilience that aligned with the formal and informal curricula. Approaches addressing the hidden curriculum were seldom mentioned.DiscussionOpportunities exist for faculty development around multidimensional conceptualisations of resilience, and for medical educators to critically reflect on how their concepts of resilience may be influencing their approach to fostering learner resilience. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum could be featured as one of the multifaceted strategies to support resilience in learners.
Acetone photoactivated process: application to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants in very saline waters
Authors: Bendjama Hafida , Merouani Slimane , Hamdaoui Oualid , Bouhelassa Mohammed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, we show the first report on the degradation of hazardous organic pollutants in very saline matrice (seawater) using acetone photoactivated process at 253.7 nm. Chloral black (CB), a very persistent dye of well‐established carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, was chosen a substrate model. The photodegradation of CB was monotonically increased in the presence of acetone. About 90% of CB (25.5 µM) was removed after 30 minutes in the presence of 50 mM of acetone whereas only 30% of removal was achieved under UV alone. The process is very sensitive to operational conditions. Chemical probes' tests using oxygen and KI have evidenced that methyl radical (CH3●) is the primarily radical involved in the CB degradation upon UV/acetone treatment. The formation of CH3● is thermodynamically favourable since the energy per Einstein of 253.7 nm light (~113 kcal) is large enough to break the C–C bond in the acetone molecule (70 kcal).
Effect of flow velocity on phosphorus uptake by bed sediments
Authors: Cheng Haoke , Zhu Xiaolian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe transport, transformation and ultimate fate of phosphorus (P) in river systems are significantly influenced by hydrodynamic conditions. To investigate the effect of flow velocity on the P uptake by bed sediments, a series of laboratory experiments are carried out in an incubator shaker and an annular flume. The results showed a much longer equilibrium time and a slower rate of P uptake by bed sediments in the flume than those in batch experiments. The process of P uptake by bed sediments was divided into two stages: (i) in the first 24 h, the amount of P uptake increased with the increasing flow velocity and (ii) after 24 h, flow velocity had no significant effect on P uptake by bed sediments. The amount of P uptake appeared fluctuating over different velocities. The paper presents a linear relationship between the P fraction in the bed sediments and the square root of time lapsed, which indicates that the diffusional process of P from water column to bed sediments is the dominant process in controlling the P uptake by bed sediments. The slope and intercept of the regression line were controlled by the flow velocity. Of the two models used to describe the process of P uptake by bed sediments, the Elovich Equation appeared to be better than the boundary layer model due to its ability to distinguish the different uptake rates at different flow velocities.
Recognition and significance of Upper Devonian fluvial, estuarine, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate nearshore marine facies in the San Juan Mountains (southwestern Colorado, USA): Multiple incised valleys backfilled by lowstand and transgressive systems tracts
Authors: Evans James E. , Maurer Joshua T. , Holm-Denoma Christopher S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Upper Devonian Ignacio Formation (as stratigraphically revised) comprises a transgressive, tide-dominated estuarine depositional system in the San Juan Mountains (Colorado, USA). The unit backfills at least three bedrock paleovalleys (10–30 km wide and ≥42 m deep) with a consistent stratigraphy of tidally influenced fluvial, bayhead-delta, central estuarine-basin, mixed tidal-flat, and estuarine-mouth tidal sandbar deposits. Paleovalleys were oriented northwest while longshore transport was to the north. The deposits represent Upper Devonian lowstand and transgressive systems tracts. The overlying Upper Devonian Elbert Formation (upper member) consists of geographically extensive tidal-flat deposits and is interpreted as mixed siliciclastic-carbonate bay-fill facies that represents an early highstand systems tract. Stratigraphic revision of the Ignacio Formation includes reassigning the basal conglomerate to the East Lime Creek Conglomerate, recognizing an unconformity separating these two units, and incorporating strata previously mapped as the McCracken Sandstone Member (Elbert Formation) into the Ignacio Formation. The Ignacio Formation was previously interpreted as Cambrian, but evidence that it is Devonian includes reexamined fossil data and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. The Ignacio Formation has a stratigraphic trend of detrital zircon ages shifting from a single ca. 1.7 Ga age peak to bimodal ca. 1.4 Ga and ca. 1.7 Ga age peaks, which represents local source-area unroofing history. Specifically, the upper plate of a Proterozoic thrust system (ca. 1.7 Ga Twilight Gneiss) was eroded prior to exposure of the lower plate (ca. 1.4 Ga Uncompahgre Formation). These results are a significant alternative interpretation of the geologic history of the southern Rocky Mountains.
Elevated serum adiponectin, elevated tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased transthyretin in Japanese elderly women with low grip strength and preserved insulin sensitivity
Authors: Takeuchi Mika , Tsuboi Ayaka , Minato Satomi , Yano Megumu , Kitaoka Kaori , Kurata Miki , Kazumi Tsutomu , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine if serum adiponectin levels are associated with low grip strength and/or low muscle mass in the elderly independently of insulin resistance and inflammation.Research design and methodsCross-sectional associations were analyzed by logistic regression between low grip strength and/or low muscle mass and body composition, elevated serum adiponectin (≥20 mg/L), and biomarkers of nutrition status, insulin resistance and inflammation in 176 community-living Japanese elderly women. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Asian criteria.ResultsIn bivariate analyses, low grip strength (n=71) was positively associated with age, log tumor necrosis factor-α and hyperadiponectinemia (n=34) and inversely with body weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, serum albumin, transthyretin (TTR), fat mass, serum zinc and hemoglobin (all p<0.01). In a fully adjusted model, TTR (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98, p=0.01) in addition to age (p=0.01), height (p<0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (p=0.018) emerged as independent determinants of low grip strength. Mean waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between women with and without low grip strength and were within the respective normal range. Although hyperadiponectinemia was a single metabolic correlate of low muscle mass (n=87), low serum cholesterol, albumin and TTR in addition to hyperadiponectinemia were associated with sarcopenia (n=45).ConclusionsHyperadiponectinemia, elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased TTR, a biomarker of age-related catabolic states, were found in community-living Japanese elderly women with low grip strength and preserved insulin sensitivity although hyperadiponectinemia was a single correlate of low muscle mass.
Adaptation of the DEMQOL-Proxy for routine use in care homes: a cross-sectional study of the reliability and validity of DEMQOL-CH
Authors: Hughes Laura J , Farina Nicolas , Page Thomas E , Tabet Naji , Banerjee Sube 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the routine use of a measure of quality of life (QoL) in care homes and assess its psychometric properties when used by care staff.DesignA cross-sectional two-phase study.Setting and participantsData were collected from care staff in seven care homes in East Sussex, England.MethodPhase I: The ability of care staff from two care homes to use the DEMQOL-Proxy without interviewer administration was assessed using agreement analysis between a self-administered and interviewer-administered version of the instrument. Based on these findings, DEMQOL-Proxy was adapted into a new version, DEMQOL-CH, for use as a self-administered instrument in care homes. We assessed agreement between the new DEMQOL-CH and DEMQOL-Proxy to ensure DEMQOL-CH was used correctly. Phase II: A preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of DEMQOL-CH when used routinely was completed in a further five care homes.ResultsPhase I: Nineteen care staff from two care homes completed QoL measurements for residents. Systematic error was identified when staff self-completed the DEMQOL-Proxy without an interviewer. We modified the DEMOoL-Proxy to create DEMQOL-CH; this reduced the error, producing a version that could be used more accurately by care staff. Phase II: Eleven care staff from five care homes rated resident QoL routinely. DEMQOL-CH showed acceptable psychometric properties with satisfactory reliability and validity and a clear factor structure.ConclusionsThe research presents positive preliminary data on the acceptability, feasibility and performance of routine QoL measurement in care homes using an adapted version of DEMQOL-Proxy, the DEMQOL-CH. Results provide evidence to support the concept that routine measurement of QoL may be possible in care homes. Research is needed to refine and test the methodology and instrument further and to explore the potential for benefits to residents, staff and care homes in larger and more representative populations.
Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Danmeng , Cheng Yue , Dang Shaonong , Wang Duolao , Zhao Yaling , Li Chao , Li Shanshan , Lei Fangliang , Qu Pengfei , Mi Baibing , Zhang Ruo , Li Jiamei , Zeng Lingxia , Yan Hong 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo report the situation of maternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China and to examine the rates of and factors related to the adherence to micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women in this region, where dietary micronutrient intake is commonly insufficient.DesignA large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey.SettingTwenty counties and ten districts of Shaanxi Province.ParticipantsA sample of 30 027 women were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. A total of 28 678 women were chosen for the final analysis after excluding those who did not provide clear information about nutritional supplementation before and during pregnancy.Main outcome measuresMaternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation (high and low) were the outcomes. They were determined by the start time and duration of use according to Chinese guidelines (for folic acid (FA) supplements) and WHO recommendations (for iron, calcium and multiple-micronutrient (MMN) supplements).ResultsIn total, 83.9% of women took at least one kind of micronutrient supplement before or during pregnancy. FA (67.6%) and calcium (57.5%) were the primarily used micronutrient supplements; few participants used MMN (14.0%) or iron (5.4%). Adherence to supplementation of all micronutrients was low (7.4% for FA, 0.6% for iron, 11.7% for calcium and 2.7% for MMN). Higher educational levels, higher income levels, urban residence and better antenatal care (including pregnancy consultation and a higher frequency of antenatal visits) were associated with high adherence to micronutrient supplementation.ConclusionMaternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China was way below standards recommended by the Chinese guidelines or WHO. Targeted health education and future nutritional guidelines are suggested to improve this situation, especially in pregnant women with disadvantaged sociodemographic conditions.
USP22 Deubiquitinates CD274 to Suppress Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Huang Xing , Zhang Qi , Lou Yu , Wang Junli , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Lin , Zhang Xiaozhen , Li Shanshan , Zhao Yulan , Chen Qi , Liang Tingbo , Bai Xueli 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
PD-1 (CD279)–PD-L1 (CD274) inhibitory signaling is critical for cancer immune evasion, and thus has become one of the major targets in anticancer immunotherapy. There are several studies that demonstrate the potent effects of posttranslational modifications of CD274 on immune inactivation and suppression, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, glycosylation, and palmitoylation. However, the regulatory mechanisms for CD274 deubiquitination are still largely unclear. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) as a novel deubiquitinase of CD274. USP22 directly interacted with the C terminus of CD274, inducing its deubiquitination and stabilization. Across multiple cancer types, USP22 was highly expressed and frequently altered in liver cancer, closely correlating with poor prognosis of these patients. Genetic depletion of USP22 inhibited liver cancer growth in an immune system–dependent manner, increased tumor immunogenicity and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and improved therapeutic efficacy of CD274-targeted immunotherapy and CDDP-based chemotherapy in mice. We demonstrate that targeting USP22 is a promising strategy to potentiate anticancer immunity for CD274-amplified cancer.
The Literary Development of MT 1 Kings 8:1–11 in Light of the Septuagint
Authors: Chike Julian C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The literary development of the book of Kings continues to occasion much debate, including the long narrative of Solomon’s temple dedication in 1 Kings 8. The quest for clarity may be aided by the textual witness of the Old Greek (OG). This study analyzes the textual relation between MT-1 Kgs 8:1–11 and OG-3 Kgdms 8:1–11 to discern the literary development of MT in light of the shorter version preserved in OG. I argue that the OG translator is not the source of the textual discrepancy; rather the MT reflects an expanded version of the OG Hebrew Vorlage. As the additional material evinces the influence of both Priestly and Deuteronomistic style, I suggest the literary growth exhibited in 1 Kgs 8:1–11 occurred during the Persian period when a Deuteronomistic-Priestly school sought to combine the Deuteronomistic History with Genesis–Numbers.
Religion and Education: Framing and Mapping a Field
Authors: Parker Stephen G. , Berglund Jenny , Lewin David , Raftery Deirdre 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This publication makes the case for ‘religion and education’ as a distinct, but cross-disciplinary, field of inquiry. To begin with, consideration is given to the changing dynamic between ‘religion and education’ historically, and the differing understandings of religious education within it. Next, ‘religion and education’ is examined from methodologically specific perspectives, namely the philosophical, historical and sociological. The authors outline the particular insights to be gleaned about ‘religion and education’ on the basis of their commitment to these methodological standpoints. Overall, this publication is concerned with demonstrating the scope of the field, and the importance of having a range of disciplinary, and interdisciplinary, perspectives informing it.
Dose Escalation Trial of the Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Radiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cuneo Kyle C. , Morgan Meredith A. , Sahai Vaibhav , Schipper Matthew J. , Parsels Leslie A. , Parsels Joshua D. , Devasia Theresa , Al-Hawaray Mahmoud , Cho Clifford S. , Nathan Hari , Maybaum Jonathan , Zalupski Mark M. , Lawrence Theodore S. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE AZD1775 (adavosertib) is an inhibitor of the Wee1 kinase. In this study, we built on our preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled with the intention to receive four 21-day cycles of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 days 1 and 8) with AZD1775 (once daily on days 1, 2, 8, and 9). Cycles 2 and 3 were administered concurrently with radiation, and cycles 5 to 8 were optional. AZD1775 was dose escalated using a time-to-event continual reassessment method on the basis of the rate of dose-limiting toxicities within the first 15 weeks of therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of AZD1775 given in conjunction with gemcitabine and radiation. Secondary objectives were to estimate overall and progression-free survival and determine pharmacodynamic activity of AZD1775 in surrogate tissues. RESULTS The recommended phase II dose of AZD1775 was 150 mg/d. Eight patients (24%) experienced a dose-limiting toxicity, most commonly anorexia, nausea, or fatigue. The median overall survival for all patients was 21.7 months (90% CI, 16.7 to 24.8 months), and the median progression-free survival was 9.4 months (90% CI, 8.0 to 9.9 months). Hair follicle biopsy samples demonstrated evidence of Wee1 inhibition with decreased phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 staining by immunohistochemistry after AZD1775 administration at the recommended phase II dose. CONCLUSION AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation therapy was well tolerated at a dose that produced target engagement in a surrogate tissue. The overall survival is substantially higher than prior results combining gemcitabine with radiation therapy and warrants additional investigation.