bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem of Pin Breakage in Equine Transfixation Pin Casting: Biomechanical Ex Vivo Testing of Four Different Pins
Authors: Keller Sara , Valet Sebastian , Martens Ann , Weisse Bernhard , Fürst Anton , Kümmerle Jan 
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate cyclic fatigue behaviour of a new pin with a thread run-out design in comparison with three other types of pins commonly used for equine transfixation pin casting.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four pairs of equine cadaveric third metacarpal bones (MC3) equipped with one transfixation pin placed horizontally in the distal metaphysis were tested using a simplified model, mimicking the biomechanical situation of equine transfixation pin casting. A 6.3/8.0-mm Imex Duraface pin with thread run-out design (ITROP) was compared with a 6.1-mm smooth Steinmann pin (SSP), a Securos 6.2-mm, positive-profile pin (SPPP) and an Imex 6.3-mm, positive-profile pin (IPPP) under cyclic loading until failure in axial compression of MC3.
Results All pins broke at clinically relevant load levels and cycle numbers. The SSP endured significantly (p = 0.0025) more cycles before failure (mean: 48685) than the ITROP (mean 25889). No significant differences in cycles to failure were observed comparing the SPPP versus ITROP, and the IPPP versus ITROP, respectively.
Clinical Significance A thread run-out design does not necessarily lead to higher resistance against pin breakage under cyclic loading conditions. The SSP was most resistant against cyclic failure in these testing conditions, even though it was associated with more lateromedial displacement and cortical wear-out. This could outweigh reported disadvantages of the SSP such as reduced resistance to axial extraction and pin loosening.
The Effect of Non-penicillin Antibiotic Regimens on Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Siegel Anne , Heine Robert , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: March 2019

Objective A 7-day course of a penicillin (PCN) and macrolide is standard of care (SAR) in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Data regarding alternative antibiotic regimens are limited. We sought to assess the impact of non-PCN regimens on neonatal outcomes.
Study Design Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial of antenatal magnesium sulfate. Singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies complicated by PPROM at > 24 weeks of gestation receiving the SAR were compared with women receiving a non-β-lactam regimen and a macrolide (NPCR). Primary outcome was a neonatal composite. Secondary outcomes included pregnancy latency, endometritis, and chorioamnionitis.
Results A total of 949 women met inclusion criteria; 821(56%) received the SAR and 128(8.8%) received NPCR. Adjusted models did not demonstrate worse outcomes (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 0.50; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.22–1.11). Neonates receiving SAR were less likely to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; p = 0.03) but more likely to have severe necrotizing enterocolitis (sNEC; p = 0.04). Risk for chorioamnionitis and median latency did not differ between groups but women receiving the SAR were less likely to get endometritis (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14–0.91).
Conclusions In this cohort, receiving NPCR in the setting of PPROM did not impact the overall risk of adverse neonatal outcomes or latency, but did increase the risk of endometritis. Alterations in individual neonatal morbidities suggest follow-up studies are needed.
Microenvironment tailors nTreg structure and function
Authors: Schiavon Valérie , Duchez Sophie , Branchtein Mylène , How-Kit Alexandre , Cassius Charles , Daunay Antoine , Shen Yimin , Dubanchet Sylvie , Colisson Renaud , Vanneaux Valérie , Pruvost Alain , Roucairol Camille , Setterblad Niclas , Bouaziz Jean-David , Boissier Marie-Christophe , Semerano Luca , Graux Carlos , Bensussan Armand , Burny Arsène , Gallo Robert , Zagury Daniel , Le Buanec Hélène 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceTaking advantage of two markers critically associated with ATP metabolism, CD39 ectonucleotidase and the adenosine deaminase binding factor CD26, we found that natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) are heterogenous, composed of five major structurally and genetically distinct cell subsets, each representing a stage of nTreg maturation. Three major outcomes are foreseeable from these studies: (i) immunologically, microenvironmental factors dictate nTreg developmental evolution and govern their distinct functional capacity; (ii) clinically, the CD39/CD26 profile is a useful blood biomarker, as illustrated for dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute myelogenous leukemia; and (iii) therapeutically, FOXP3 Tregs transdetermined from TH0 cells are an optimal source of T cells for nTreg-based adoptive immunotherapy because they do not produce IL-17.
Performing graysexuality
Authors: Coombs Fine Julia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
While recent work in sociophonetics has focused on the speech of gay men (Gaudio 1994; Podesva 2007; Podesva, Roberts & Campbell-Kibler 2002), lesbian women (Camp 2009; Van Borsel Vandaele & Corthals 2013), and transgender people (Zimman 2017a), the speech styles of asexual individuals remain understudied. This study analyzes an
interview with a graysexual and homoromantic cisgender student at a research university in California, examining the segmental and
prosodic characteristics of three voices he uses to construct and position his graysexual identity: a questioning voice, a
judgmental voice, and a non-desiring voice. The analysis finds that the questioning voice is characterized by decreased speech
rate, high F0, and modal phonation; the judgmental voice, by low F0; and the non-desiring voice, by low F0, narrow F0 range, low
intensity, reduced gesture, flat facial expression, and a centralized vowel space. The results emphasize the importance of
stylistic reticence to the construction of graysexuality.
Making ‘yes’ stronger by saying ‘no’
Authors: Nishi Hironori 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present study examined the recordings of naturally occurring conversations among native speakers of Japanese, and analyzed the cases of iya ‘no’ that are uttered in response to yes-no questions. The analysis has shown that iya can be uttered in response to a yes-no question even when the response to the question is ‘yes,’ as long as the propositional information that follows iya signals ‘yes’ to the question. When iya prefaces a response of ‘yes,’ the speaker can express a stronger message of ‘yes’ since it creates a pragmatic effect of expressing needless to ask… along with signaling ‘yes’ with the propositional information that follows iya.
Rejecting and challenging illocutionary acts
Authors: Chankova Mariya 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper examines aspects of strategic interaction and the construction of the social actor in a neo-Austinian
framework of illocutionary acts. The basic premise of the neo-Austinian framework is conventionality, according to which
illocutionary acts depend on social agreement. An important part of the framework is the felicity condition of entitlement,
directly related to the hearer’s understanding of the conventions that should hold for an act performance. Two strategies of
challenging and/or rejecting illocutionary acts are then identified tentatively dubbed looping and backfiring, related to the
hearer’s perception of when the entitlement felicity condition is flouted. Both strategies can be overtly or covertly
confrontational and demonstrate that in their social quality illocutionary acts serve to construct the social actor and build up
interpersonal relations.
GEOTROPIC CURVATURE OF AVENA COLEOPTILES
Authors: Navez A. E. , Robinson T. W. 
Published: March 2019

Vol. 16, No. 1, September 20, 1932
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See PDF for Equation
The attached slip may be cut in half on the vertical line, and the corrected ordinates should be pasted over the present incorrect ones.
Complex interplay of ancient vicariance and recent patterns of geographical speciation in north-western North American temperate rainforests explains the phylogeny of jumping slugs (Hemphillia spp.)
Authors: Rankin Andrew M , Wilke Thomas , Lucid Michael , Leonard William , Espíndola Anahí , Smith Megan L , Carstens Bryan C , Sullivan Jack 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe history of the currently disjunct temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest of North America has shaped the evolution and diversity of endemics. This study focuses on how geological and climatic perturbations have driven speciation in the area by isolating lineages. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of the endemic jumping slugs (genus Hemphillia) using a multi-locus phylogeny. We evaluated the spatial distribution and divergence times of major lineages, generated ancestral area probabilities and inferred the biogeographical history of the genus. Our study revealed eight genetic lineages that formed three clades: one clade consisting of two Coast/Cascade lineages, and two reciprocally monophyletic clades that each contain a Coast/Cascade and two Rocky Mountains taxa. The results of the biogeographical analysis suggest that the ancestral range of the genus occupied Coast/Cascade habitats and then spread across into Northern Rocky Mountain interior habitats with subsequent fragmentations isolating coastal and inland lineages. Finally, there have been more recent speciation events among three lineage pairs that have shaped shallow structures of all clades. We add to our knowledge of the biogeographical history of the region in that we discovered diversification and speciation events that have occurred in ways more complex than previously thought.
Palaeointensity of the 1.3 billion-yr-old Gardar basalts, southern Greenland revisited: no evidence for onset of inner core growth
Authors: Kodama Kenneth P , Carnes Lorraine K , Tarduno John A , Berti Claudio 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARY
The age of the inner core nucleation is a first-order problem in the thermal evolution of the Earth that can be addressed with palaeomagnetism. We conducted a palaeointensity study on the 1.3 Ga Gardar basalts from southern Greenland to investigate previously reported high ancient geomagnetic field intensities. Biggin et al. used the earlier result to identify nucleation of Earth's solid inner core at 1.3 Ga. We collected 106 samples from 39 flows from the lavas of the Eriksfjord Formation, sampling 17 of the lower flows, 8 of the middle flows and 14 of the upper flows. Rock magnetic analyses, including magnetic hysteresis, first-order reversal curves and magnetic susceptibility versus temperature measurements, suggest that the predominate magnetic mineral in the lower basalts is low Ti titanomagnetite, whereas the middle and upper flows have varying amounts of hematite. The magnetic hysteresis data suggest that magnetic grains range from multidomain to single domain in character, with an apparent dominance of pseudo-single behaviour. Thellier–Thellier double heating experiments using the IZZI methodology yielded vector endpoint diagrams and Arai plots showing two components of magnetization, one up to approximately 450 °C and the higher temperature component typically from 450°C up to 580°C, but sometimes to as high as 680°C. We attribute the lower temperature component, to partial overprinting by the nearby Ilimaussaq intrusion, and acquisition of viscous remanent magnetization. We use the Thellier autointerpreter assigning standard selection criteria vetted by cumulative distribution plots. This approach yields a palaeointensity of 6.5 ± 5.9 μT (1 SD) based on 27 samples from 13 flows and a nominal virtual dipole moment (VDM) of 1.72 × 1022 Am2. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of bias in this value related to chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) and multidomain effects. We isolate a conservative upper bound on palaeointensity as the highest palaeointensity result that is free of CRM effects. This yields a palaeointensity of ∼18 μT, and a VDM of ∼4.5 × 1022 Am2, which is a field strength similar to many other Proterozoic values. Thus, our analysis of the Gardar basalts supports the conclusion of Smirnov et al. that there is no palaeointensity signature of inner core growth 1.3 billion yr ago.
Thrombocyte Inhibition Restores Protective Immunity to Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish
Authors: Hortle Elinor , Johnson Khelsey E , Johansen Matt D , Nguyen Tuong , Shavit Jordan A , Britton Warwick J , Tobin David M , Oehlers Stefan H 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Infection-induced thrombocytosis is a clinically important complication of tuberculosis infection. Recent studies have highlighted the utility of aspirin as a host-directed therapy modulating the inflammatory response to infection but have not investigated the possibility that the effect of aspirin is related to an antiplatelet mode of action.

Methods
In this study, we utilize the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model to show mycobacteria drive host hemostasis through the formation of granulomas. Treatment of infected zebrafish with aspirin markedly reduced mycobacterial burden. This effect is reproduced by treatment with platelet-specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors demonstrating a detrimental role for infection-induced thrombocyte activation.

Results
We find that the reduction in mycobacterial burden is dependent on macrophages and granuloma formation, providing the first in vivo experimental evidence that infection-induced platelet activation compromises protective host immunity to mycobacterial infection.

Conclusions
Our study illuminates platelet activation as an efficacious target of aspirin, a widely available and affordable host-directed therapy candidate for tuberculosis.
Structured override reasons for drug-drug interaction alerts in electronic health records
Authors: Wright Adam , McEvoy Dustin S , Aaron Skye , McCoy Allison B , Amato Mary G , Kim Hyun , Ai Angela , Cimino James J , Desai Bimal R , El-Kareh Robert , Galanter William , Longhurst Christopher A , Malhotra Sameer , Radecki Ryan P , Samal Lipika , Schreiber Richard , Shelov Eric , Sirajuddin Anwar Mohammad , Sittig Dean F 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to determine availability and use of structured override reasons for drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts in electronic health records.

Materials and Methods
We collected data on DDI alerts and override reasons from 10 clinical sites across the United States using a variety of electronic health records. We used a multistage iterative card sort method to categorize the override reasons from all sites and identified best practices.

Results
Our methodology established 177 unique override reasons across the 10 sites. The number of coded override reasons at each site ranged from 3 to 100. Many sites offered override reasons not relevant to DDIs. Twelve categories of override reasons were identified. Three categories accounted for 78% of all overrides: “will monitor or take precautions,” “not clinically significant,” and “benefit outweighs risk.”

Discussion
We found wide variability in override reasons between sites and many opportunities to improve alerts. Some override reasons were irrelevant to DDIs. Many override reasons attested to a future action (eg, decreasing a dose or ordering monitoring tests), which requires an additional step after the alert is overridden, unless the alert is made actionable. Some override reasons deferred to another party, although override reasons often are not visible to other users. Many override reasons stated that the alert was inaccurate, suggesting that specificity of alerts could be improved.

Conclusions
Organizations should improve the options available to providers who choose to override DDI alerts. DDI alerting systems should be actionable and alerts should be tailored to the patient and drug pairs.
Level of agreement on health information technology adoption and use in survey data: a mixed-methods analysis of ambulatory clinics in 1 US state
Authors: Rudin Robert S , Shi Yunfeng , Fischer Shira H , Shekelle Paul , Amill-Rosario Alejandro , Shaw Bethany , Ridgely M Susan , Damberg Cheryl L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Adoption of health information technology (HIT) is often assessed in surveys of organizations. The validity of data from such surveys for ambulatory clinics has not been evaluated. We compared level of agreement between 1 ambulatory statewide survey and 2 other data sources: a second survey and interviews with survey respondents.

Materials and methods
We used 2016 data from 2 surveys of ambulatory providers in Minnesota—the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) survey and the Minnesota HIT Ambulatory Clinic Survey—and primary data collected through qualitative interviews with survey respondents. We conducted a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods assessment of the Minnesota HIT survey by assessing level of agreement between it and HIMSS, and a thematic analysis of interview data to assess the respondent’s understanding of what was being asked and their approach to responding.

Results
We find high agreement between the 2 surveys on questions related to common HIT functionalities—such as computerized provider order entry, medication-based decision support, and e-prescribing—which were widely adopted by respondents’ organizations. Qualitative data suggest respondents found wording of items about these functionalities clear but encountered multiple challenges including interpreting items for less commonly adopted functionalities, estimating degree of HIT usage, and indicating relevant barriers. Respondents identified multiple errors in responses and likely reported greater within-group homogeneity than actually existed.

Conclusions
Survey items related to the presence or absence of widely adopted HIT functionalities may be more valid than items about less common functionalities, degree of usage, and barriers.
Modelling annual and orbital variations in the scintillation of the relativistic binary PSR J1141−6545
Authors: Reardon D J , Coles W A , Hobbs G , Ord S , Kerr M , Bailes M , Bhat N D R , Venkatraman Krishnan V 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We have observed the relativistic binary pulsar PSR J1141−6545 over a period of ∼6 yr using the Parkes 64 m radio telescope, with a focus on modelling the diffractive intensity scintillations to improve the accuracy of the astrometric timing model. The long-term scintillation, which shows orbital and annual variations, allows us to measure parameters that are difficult to measure with pulsar timing alone. These include: the orbital inclination i, the longitude of the ascending node Ω, and the pulsar system transverse velocity. We use the annual variations to resolve the previous ambiguity in the sense of the inclination angle. Using the correct sense, and a prior probability distribution given by a constraint from pulsar timing (i = 73 ± 3°), we find Ω = 24.8 ± 1.8° and we estimate the pulsar distance to be $D=10^{+4}_{-3}$ kpc. This then gives us an estimate of this pulsar’s proper motion of μαcos δ = 2.9 ± 1.0 mas yr−1 in right ascension and μδ = 1.8 ± 0.6 mas yr−1 in declination. Finally, we obtain measurements of the spatial structure of the interstellar electron-density fluctuations, including: the spatial scale and anisotropy of the diffraction pattern, the distribution of scattering material along the line of sight, and spatial variation in the strength of turbulence from epoch to epoch. We find that the scattering is dominated by a thin screen at a distance of (0.724 ± 0.008)D, with an anisotropy axial ratio Ar = 2.14 ± 0.11.
Monitoring of the D doublet of neutral sodium during transits of two ‘evaporating’ planets
Authors: Gaidos E , Hirano T , Ansdell M 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic transit detection of constituents in winds from ‘evaporating’ planets on close-in transiting orbits could provide desperately needed information on the composition, formation, and orbital evolution of such objects. We obtained high-resolution optical spectra of the host stars during a single transit of Kepler-1520b and two transits of K2-22b to search for transient, Doppler-shifted absorption in the D lines of neutral sodium. Sodium should be released in the same silicate vapour wind that lofts the dust responsible for the periodic ‘dips’ in the light curve. We do not detect any absorption lines with depths &gt;30 per cent at the predicted Doppler-shifted wavelengths during any of the transits. Detection sensitivity is limited by instrumental resolution that dilutes the saturated lines, and blurring of the lines by Doppler acceleration due to the short orbital period of the planet and long integration times for these faint stars. A model of neutral sodium production, escape, and ionization by UV radiation suggests that clouds of partially ionized sodium that are comparable in size to the host stars and optically thick in the D lines could accompany the planets. We consider the prospects for future detections brought about by the TESS all-sky survey of brighter stars and the advent of high-resolution spectrographs on Extremely Large Telescopes.
Searches for Population III pair-instability supernovae: Predictions for ULTIMATE-Subaru and WFIRST
Authors: Moriya Takashi J , Wong Kenneth C , Koyama Yusei , Tanaka Masaomi , Oguri Masamune , Hilbert Stefan , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
ULTIMATE-Subaru (Ultra-wide Laser Tomographic Imager and MOS with AO for Transcendent Exploration on Subaru) and WFIRST (Wide Field Infra-Red Survey Telescope) are the next generation of near-infrared instruments that have a large field-of-view. They allow us to conduct deep and wide transient surveys in the near-infrared. Such a near-infrared transient survey enables us to find very distant supernovae that are redshifted to the near-infrared wavelengths. We have performed mock transient surveys with ULTIMATE-Subaru and WFIRST to investigate their ability to discover Population III pair-instability supernovae. We found that a five-year 1 deg2K-band transient survey with a point-source limiting magnitude of 26.5 mag with ULTIMATE-Subaru may find about two Population III pair-instability supernovae beyond the redshift of 6. A five-year 10 deg2 survey with WFIRST reaching 26.5 mag in the F184 band may find about seven Population III pair-instability supernovae beyond the redshift of 6. We also find that the expected numbers of the Population III pair-instability supernova detections increase by about a factor of 2 if the near-infrared transient surveys are performed towards clusters of galaxies. Other supernovae, such as Population II pair-instability supernovae, would also be detected in the same survey. This study demonstrates that these future wide-field near-infrared instruments allow us to investigate the explosions of first-generation supernovae by performing deep and wide near-infrared transient surveys.