bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating olfactomes into attractants: shared volatiles provide attractive bridges for polyphagy in fruit flies
Authors: Biasazin Tibebe Dejene , Larsson Herrera Sebastian , Kimbokota Fikira , Dekker Teun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTephritid flies are serious fruit pests. Despite clear niche differences, many species show considerable overlap in fruit preferences, of which we here analysed the olfactory correlate. Using the volatiles of four unrelated fruit species, antennal responses were quantified to construct a fruit‐odour response database for four tephritid species. Although responses were distinct with a significant niche‐correlated bias, the analyses show that the probability of detection of a volatile strongly increased with its sharedness across fruits. This also held for the unrelated fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (DoOR repository‐based analyses). We conjectured that shared volatiles signify ‘host’ to the fly ‘nose’ and induce attraction. Indeed, blends of volatiles shared by fruit and detected by all four species were very attractive for tephritid species, more than fruits. Quantitative whole antennal recordings en lieu of, or complementing bottom‐up molecular neurogenetic approaches, enables comparative olfactomics in non‐model species, and facilitate interpretation of olfaction in evolutionary, ecological, and applied contexts.
Imaging biomarkers of behavioral impairments: A pilot micro–positron emission tomographic study in a rat electrical post–status epilepticus model
Authors: van Dijk R. Maarten , Di Liberto Valentina , Brendel Matthias , Waldron Ann Marie , Möller Christina , Gildehaus Franz Josef , von Ungern‐Sternberg Barbara , Lindner Magdalena , Ziegler Sibylle , Hellweg Rainer , Gass Peter , Bartenstein Peter , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn patients with epilepsy, psychiatric comorbidities can significantly affect the disease course and quality of life. Detecting and recognizing these comorbidities is central in determining an optimal treatment plan. One promising tool in detecting biomarkers for psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy is positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsBehavioral and biochemical variables were cross‐correlated with the results from two μPET scans using the tracers [18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose ([18F]FDG) and 2′‐methoxyphenyl‐(N‐2′‐pyridinyl)‐p‐18F‐fluoro‐benzamidoethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF) to explore potential biomarkers for neurobehavioral comorbidities in an electrically induced post–status epilepticus rat model of epilepsy.ResultsIn rats with epilepsy, μPET analysis revealed a local reduction in hippocampal [18F]FDG uptake, and a local increase in [18F]MPPF binding. These changes exhibited a correlation with burrowing as a “luxury” behavior, social interaction, and anxiety‐associated behavioral patterns. Interestingly, hippocampal [18F]FDG uptake did not correlate with spontaneous recurrent seizure activity.SignificanceIn the electrically induced post–status epilepticus rat model, we demonstrated hippocampal hypometabolism and its correlation with a range of neurobehavioral alterations. These findings require further confirmation in other preclinical models and patients with epilepsy and psychiatric disorders to address the value of [18F]FDG uptake as an imaging biomarker candidate for psychiatric comorbidities in patients as well as for severity assessment in rodent epilepsy models.
Traumatic Home: Argentinian Victimhood and the Everyday Moral Comfort of Trauma
Authors: van Roekel Eva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe renewed anthropological debate on morality has invoked the idea that local moralities can be analyzed through the phenomenological arrangement of moral breakdown, which is followed by a liminal period of performing ethics that reinstates the unreflective moral disposition (i.e., home) of everyday life. The ethnographic example of the heterogeneous group of Argentinian victims of the last military dictatorship (1976–83) illustrates how ongoing ethical performance about trauma produces a reflective way of engaging with and in the world. These ongoing ethical performances are coined as “traumatic home” and constitute an everydayreflectivemoral disposition. From this local perspective, trauma is an intrinsic aspect of being alive that needs ongoing verbalization and reflection. The enduring traumas become expressible and meaningful by means of ongoing, shared practices of truth telling and informal therapies. Thus, by ongoing expression, trauma also becomes an influential source for everyday moral comfort.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on alopecia areata in cellular and hair follicle organ culture models
Authors: Kim Jung Eun , Oh Jee Hye , Woo Young Jun , Jung Ji Hee , Jeong Kwan Ho , Kang Hoon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) has been suggested as a new therapeutic strategy for immunological disorders. There have been only a few attempts to treat alopecia areata (AA) with MSCT. MSCT efficacy and mechanism of action in treating AA are not known. We sought to investigate the effect of human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells (hHMSCs) on an in vitro model of AA and to explore relevant mechanisms that regulate efficacy. An AA‐like environment was induced by pretreatment of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) with interferon gamma (IFN‐γ). hHMSCs were administered to the hDPCs, and cell viability was determined. Similar studies were also conducted with human hair follicles (HFs) in culture. The change in expression of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and JAK/STAT pathway‐related molecules and growth factors in hHMSC‐treated hDPCs was also examined by reverse transcription‐PCR, Western blot assay and growth factor array. Immune privilege–related molecules were examined by immunohistochemistry in HF culture models. hHMSCs enhanced the cell viability of the hDPCs. hHMSCs activated several molecules in the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, including ß‐catenin and phosphorylated GSK3b, and decreased IFN‐γ‐induced expression of DKK1 in hDPCs. hHMSCs suppressed IFN‐γ‐induced expression of caspase‐1, caspase‐3 and IFN‐γ receptor. hHMSCs induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 compared to controls and IFN‐γ–pretreated hDPCs. hHMSC‐treated HFs enhanced several growth factor mRNAs. hHMSC pretreatment modulated IFN‐γ–induced expression of molecules related to HF immune privilege on HFs in organ culture. These data suggest MSCT may be a new potential therapeutic option in treating AA.
Patients with congenital ichthyosis and TGM1 mutations overexpress other ARCI genes in the skin: Part of a barrier repair response?
Authors: Zhang Hanqian , Ericsson Maja , Weström Simone , Vahlquist Anders , Virtanen Marie , Törmä Hans 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of monogenic skin disorders caused by mutations in any of at least 12 different genes, many of which are involved in the epidermal synthesis of ω‐O‐acylceramides (acylCer). AcylCer are essential precursors of the corneocyte lipid envelope crosslinked by transglutaminase‐1 (TGm‐1), or a yet unidentified enzyme, for normal skin barrier formation. We hypothesized that inactivating TGM1 mutations will lead to a compensatory overexpression of the transcripts involved in skin barrier repair, including many other ARCI‐causing genes. Using microarray, we examined the global mRNA expression profile in skin biopsies from five ARCI patients with TGM1 mutations and four healthy controls. There were a total of 599 significantly differentially expressed genes (adjusted P < 0.05), out of which 272 showed more than 1.5 log2fold‐change (FC) up‐ or down‐regulation. Functional classification of the latter group of transcripts showed enrichment of mRNA encoding proteins mainly associated with biological pathways involved in keratinocyte differentiation and immune response. Moreover, the expression of seven out of twelve ARCI‐causing genes was significantly increased (FC = 0.98‐2.05). Also, many of the genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation (cornified envelope formation) and immune response (antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines) were upregulated. The results from the microarray analysis were also verified for selected genes at the mRNA level by qPCR and at the protein level by semi‐quantitative immunofluorescence. The upregulation of these genes might reflect a compensatory induction of acylCer biosynthesis as a part of a global barrier repair response in the patient′s epidermis.
Senescent fibroblasts in melasma pathophysiology
Authors: Kim Misun , Kim So Min , Kwon Soohyun , Park Tae Jun , Kang Hee Young 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has been proposed that melasma is a photoageing skin disorder. The photoaged fibroblasts have been suggested as an important source of melanogenic factors which are involved in the regulation of pigmentation. To investigate whether melasma includes senescent cells, lesional and perilesional normal skin from 38 melasma patients was assessed using a cell senescence marker, p16INK4A. The results showed that lesional dermal skin had more p16INK4A‐positive senescent cells than perilesional skin. The impact of senescent fibroblasts was further investigated in a pilot study using radiofrequency (RF) intervention for melasma. It showed that the RF therapy decreased the number of senescent cells with increased expression of procollagen‐1, which were associated with reduced epidermal pigmentation. This leads us to the speculation that senescent fibroblasts may contribute to drive melasma and might be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
Soil water dynamics, herbage production and water use efficiency of three tropical grasses: Implications for use in a variable summer‐dominant rainfall environment, Australia
Authors: Murphy Sean R. , Boschma Suzanne P. , Harden Steven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the moist mid‐latitudes of eastern Australia, soil water dynamics, herbage production and water use efficiency (WUE) were monitored during 2006–2008, for five perennial pastures: digit grass (Digitaria eriantha), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), forest bluegrass (Bothriochloa bladhii), native grass (Bothriochloa macra and Rytidosperma bipartita dominant), lucerne (Medicago sativa); and two forage crops: oat (Avena fatua) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Ground cover formed more quickly in Rhodes grass and lucerne (>70% ground cover in 120 and 175 days after sowing [DAS] respectively) than in forest bluegrass and digit grass (245 and 365 DAS respectively). Values of maximum extractable water (MEW) for Rhodes grass and lucerne were similar (180–242 mm), while values for digit grass and forest bluegrass (129–175 mm) were equal to or greater than those for native grass, and two annual forage crops (77–144 mm). Lucerne expressed the maximum root depth (1.46 m), while values for the tropical grasses (0.96–1.39 m) were greater than native grasses and forage crops (0.87–0.96 m). Native grasses (6.5–12 t DM/ha) had the lowest herbage production, which resulted in values of WUE that were significantly less than most other treatments (16–21 vs. 23–43 kg DM ha−1 mm−1). Digit grass (33–34 kg DM ha−1 mm−1) had higher WUE compared with the other tropical grasses (20–27 kg DM ha−1 mm−1). The data collected here suggest that a forage system comprising digit grass, lucerne and forage oat would provide high production and WUE in this environment.
Historiography of heresy: The debate over “Catharism” in medieval Languedoc
Authors: Shulevitz Deborah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhether or not a dualist Cathar heresy existed in medieval Europe has been widely debated among medieval historians over the past twenty years. Historians taking the traditional view hold that reports of a dualist heresy in various places and at different times during the High Middle Ages evidence a pan‐European, institutional, counter‐church. This church, many have argued, was influenced by dualism emanating from the Balkans and possibly reaching back to Late Antiquity. A recent generation of skeptics challenges this story, claiming that what was perceived as a dualist heresy was actually a manifestation of dissidence arising out of local conditions and, in any case, tied to anticlericalism and the enthusiasms of the Gregorian reform. The alleged dualism, they argue, derives from contemporary critics' readings of the patristic sources they consulted in attempting to understand dissidence. These two historiographical camps do not agree on the facts, the terminology, or the proper interpretation of sources, making it very difficult to discuss medieval heresy. This paper seeks to familiarize historians with the state of the debate over heresy in medieval Languedoc by describing and critiquing the positions of the two sides and suggests that the controversy provides an important lesson to students of history.
1H NMR and Raman spectroscopy of oils and extracts obtained from organic and conventional goji berries: yield, fatty acids, carotenoids and biological activities
Authors: Pedro Alessandra Cristina , Bach Fabiane , Stafussa Ana Paula , Menezes Leociley Rocha Alencar , Barison Andersson , Maciel Giselle Maria , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe yields of extraction, fatty acid and carotenoid compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of organic and conventional Lycium barbarum oils and extracts were investigated. Different methods were used in the extraction: Soxhlet, maceration and Bligh & Dyer. Sample characterization was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy. Soxhlet presented a higher yield for organic (4.58%) and conventional (2.83%) fruit. The Goji samples showed a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) for organic (78.29–84.72%) and conventional (70.74–80.20%) fruit. The main phytochemicals identified in the samples were linoleic acid and zeaxanthin dipalmitate. The maceration method was the most efficient in the extraction of carotenoids with high antioxidant (2.23–40.94 mmolTE 100 g−1) and antimicrobial (3.12–200 mg mL−1) activities. The organic goji samples showed higher yield, UFA, carotenoids and biological activities and these results indicate that this fruit is suitable for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food applications.
Recent advances in upper tract urothelial carcinomas: From bench to clinics
Authors: Shao I‐Hung , Chang Ying‐Hsu , Pang See‐Tong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUrothelial carcinoma in the upper tract is rare and often discussed separately. Many established risk factors were identified for the disease, including genetic and external risk factors. Radiographic survey, endoscopic examination and urine cytology remained the most important diagnostic modalities. In localized upper tract urothelial carcinomas, radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision are the gold standard for large, high‐grade and suspected invasive tumors of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter, whereas kidney‐sparing surgeries should be considered in patients with low‐risk disease. Advances in technology have given endoscopic surgery an important role, not only in diagnosis, but also in treatment. Although platinum‐based combination chemotherapy is efficacious in advanced or metastatic disease, current established chemotherapy regimens are toxic and lack a sustained response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to a new era of treatment for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas. The remarkable results achieved thus far show that immunotherapy will likely be the future treatment paradigm. The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other agents is another inspiring avenue to explore that could benefit even more patients. With respect to the high incidence rate and different clinical appearance of upper tract urothelial carcinomas in Taiwan, a possible correlation exists between exposure to certain external risk factors, such as arsenic in drinking water and aristolochic acid in Chinese herbal medicine. As more gene sequencing differences between upper tract urothelial carcinomas and various disease causes are detailed, this has warranted the era of individualized screening and treatment for the disease.
The effect of TiO2 additions on CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) crystallization behavior from the melt
Authors: Webster Rebekah I. , Opila Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTitania (TiO2) was introduced into a model calcium‐magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass in additions of 5‐20 wt%. The crystallization behavior of the mixtures was characterized over a series of temperature profiles and compared to that of CMAS alone. X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, light and scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize glass and crystalline products. Titania additions in the amount of approximately 12.5‐20 wt% aided in the formation of CaTiO3 from melts equilibrated at either 1300 or 1500°C and cooled at 10°C/min. Holding CMAS + TiO2 (TiO2 ≥ 10 wt%) at 900°C after cooling from 1300/1500°C resulted in the formation of additional crystalline phases including melilite, paqueite, and diopside. Implications for CMAS interactions with thermal and environmental barrier coatings are discussed.
3‐Cl‐AHPC inhibits pro‐HGF maturation by inducing matriptase/HAI‐1 complex formation
Authors: Ye Fang , Chen Shuang , Liu Xingxing , Ye Xiaohong , Wang Keqi , Zeng Zhiping , Su Ying , Zhang Xiao‐kun , Zhou Hu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMatriptase is an epithelia‐specific membrane‐anchored serine protease, and its dysregulation is highly related to the progression of a variety of cancers. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1) inhibits matriptase activity through forming complex with activated matriptase. The balance of matriptase activation and matriptase/HAI‐1 complex formation determines the intensity and duration of matriptase activity. 3‐Cl‐AHPC, 4‐[3‐(1‐adamantyl)‐4‐hydroxyphenyl]‐3‐chlorocinnamic acid, is an adamantly substituted retinoid‐related molecule and a ligand of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). 3‐Cl‐AHPC is of strong anti‐cancer effect but with elusive mechanisms. In our current study, we show that 3‐Cl‐AHPC time‐ and dose‐ dependently induces matriptase/HAI‐1 complex formation, leading to the suppression of activated matriptase in cancer cells and tissues. Furthermore, 3‐Cl‐AHPC promotes matriptase shedding but without increasing the activity of shed matriptase. Moreover, 3‐Cl‐AHPC inhibits matriptase‐mediated cleavage of pro‐HGF through matriptase/HAI‐1 complex induction, resulting in the suppression of pro‐HGF‐stimulated signalling and cell scattering. Although 3‐Cl‐AHPC binds to RARγ, its induction of matriptase/HAI‐1 complex is not RARγ dependent. Together, our data demonstrates that 3‐Cl‐AHPC down‐regulates matriptase activity through induction of matriptase/HAI‐1 complex formation in a RARγ‐independent manner, providing a mechanism of 3‐Cl‐AHPC anti‐cancer activity and a new strategy to inhibit abnormal matriptase activity via matriptase/HAI‐1 complex induction using small molecules.
5‐Azacytydine and resveratrol reverse senescence and ageing of adipose stem cells via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy
Authors: Kornicka Katarzyna , Szłapka‐Kosarzewska Jolanta , Śmieszek Agnieszka , Marycz Krzysztof 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObesity and endocrine disorders have become prevalent issues in the field of both human and veterinary medicine. Equine metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder involving alternation in metabolism and chronic systemic inflammation. It has been shown that unfavourable microenvironment of inflamed adipose tissue negatively affects adipose stem cell population (ASC) residing within, markedly limiting their therapeutic potential. ASCsEMS are characterized by increased senescence apoptosis, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria deterioration and “autophagic flux.” The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatment of ASCsEMS with a combination of 5‐azacytydine (AZA) and resveratrol (RES) would reverse aged phenotype of these cells. For this reason, we performed the following analyzes: molecular biology (RT‐PCR), microscopic (immunofluorescence, TEM) and flow cytometry (JC‐1, ROS, Ki67). We evaluated the mitochondrial status, dynamics and clearance as well as autophagic pathways. Furthermore, we investigated epigenetic alternations in treated cells by measuring the expression of TET genes and analysis of DNA methylation status. We have demonstrated that AZA/RES treatment of ASCsEMS is able to rejuvenate these cells by modulating mitochondrial dynamics, in particular by promoting mitochondrial fusion over fission. After AZA/RES treatment, ASCsEMS were characterized by increased proliferation rate, decreased apoptosis and senescence and lower ROS accumulation. Our findings offer a novel approach and potential targets for the beneficial effects of AZA/RES in ameliorating stem cell dysfunctions.
Nupharidine enhances Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clearance by priming neutrophils and augmenting their effector functions
Authors: Levy Dan Henry , Chapple Iain L. C. , Shapira Lior , Golan‐Goldhirsh Avi , Gopas Jacob , Polak David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesNupharidine (6,6′‐Dihydroxythiobinupharidine), purified from the aquatic plant Nuphar lutea leaves (Water lily) prompts antimicrobial activity of immune cells. The aim of the study was to test the effect of Nupharidine on neutrophil function against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, JP2 clone (Aa‐JP2).MethodsNeutrophils derived from the human cell line HL60 and human peripheral blood derived from aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects were incubated with Nupharidine or vehicle and inoculated with JP2. Bacterial survival was tested using viable counts on blood agar (CFU's). Neutrophils’ necrosis/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) production following infection were tested, as well as markers of neutrophil priming.ResultsNupharidine had no direct bactericidal effect on JP2, but it enhanced Aa‐JP2 clearance by neutrophils. Nupharidine enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, ROS production and NET formation during JP2 infection. Furthermore, Nupharidine enhanced the expression of certain markers of neutrophils priming, specifically iCAM1, DECTIN‐2 and intracellular IL‐1β.ConclusionNupharidine was shown to promote neutrophil effector bactericidal functions, boosting Aa‐JP2 clearance. The results point to the potential of Nupharidine as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of Aa‐JP2 periodontitis, but this should be tested initially using pre‐clinical and clinical studies.