bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ask a guybrarian: work experiences of male librarians
Authors: Perret Robert 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
While gender and librarianship is a perennially popular topic of research, relatively little has been published on the work experiences of male librarians. What does exist has often been extracted from broader studies. There have only been a handful of instances in which the experiences of male librarians were particularly sought and synthesized. This study is a continuation of research in decades past to capture and describe the work experience of male librarians in a predominantly female profession.

Design/methodology/approach
For this study, an anonymous online survey was conducted asking for the experiences of male-identifying reference librarians. In total, 109 responses were received, coded and parsed for trends and useful observations.

Findings
In line with previous studies, about three-quarters of male librarians reported that their gender was a not a significant factor in their professional work. This lack of change over several decades is in itself remarkable. Nearly a quarter reported gender-based issues in their work, and many reported a lack of organizational support.

Originality/value
There is a dearth of research particular to male librarianship, and few opportunities or venues for their experiences to be captured in a qualitative manner. It is hoped that this paper will raise the visibility of challenges faces by this sometimes neglected group.
Functional CTR‐type Cu(I) transporters in an oceanic diatom
Authors: Kong Liangliang , Price Neil M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCopper concentration is so low in some remote parts of the sea it limits phytoplankton growth, but may be high enough in coastal and estuarine regions to be toxic. Acclimation to variations in Cu concentration thus requires a tightly regulated Cu transport system to help maintain Cu homeostasis. In marine species, the molecular mechanisms of Cu transport are not known. We studied Cu‐responsive genes and uptake in Thalassiosira oceanica at environmentally relevant Cu concentrations varying between 0.012 and 12 900 pmol Cu′ l−1. Copper uptake rate assessed at high Cu concentration was three‐fold faster in Cu‐limited than in Cu‐replete cells, confirming the existence of an inducible uptake pathway in this diatom. Four putative CTR‐type Cu transporters (ToCTR1, ToCTR2, ToCTR3a and ToCTR3b) identified in the transcriptome shared conserved features with known high‐affinity Cu(I) transporters. Expression of the CTR genes was upregulated as Cu concentration declined and cells maintained maximum rates of growth. Further decreases in Cu led to decreased growth rate and increased abundance of ToCTR3a/b. Both ToCTR3a and 3b restored growth of a Cu transport mutant, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ctr1Δctr3Δ, in Cu‐deficient medium and increased the uptake rates of Cu(I) and Cu(II). Thus, ToCTR3a/3b is a high‐affinity Cu(I) transporter that, in conjunction with the other ToCTRs, may enable T. oceanica to survive in Cu‐deplete ocean environments and respond to natural variation in Cu availability.
Outlet Type, Access to Alcohol, and Violent Crime
Authors: Trangenstein Pamela J. , Curriero Frank C. , Webster Daniel , Jennings Jacky M. , Latkin Carl , Eck Raimee , Jernigan David H. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWhile there are overwhelming data supporting the association between alcohol outlet density and violent crime, there remain conflicting findings about whether on‐ or off‐premise outlets have a stronger association. This inconsistency may be in part a result of the methods used to calculate alcohol outlet density and violent crime. This analysis uses routine activity theory and spatial access methods to study the association between access to alcohol outlets and violent crime, including type of outlet and type of crime in Baltimore, MD.MethodsThe data in this analysis include alcohol outlets from 2016 (n = 1,204), violent crimes from 2012 to 2016 (n = 51,006), and markers of social disorganization, including owner‐occupied housing, median annual household income, drug arrests, and population density. The analysis used linear regression to determine the association between access to alcohol outlets and violent crime exposure.ResultsEach 10% increase in alcohol outlet access was associated with a 4.2% increase in violent crime exposure (β = 0.43, 95% CI 0.33, 0.52, p < 0.001). A 10% increase in access to off‐premise outlets (4.4%, β = 0.45, 95% CI 0.33, 0.57, p < 0.001) and LBD‐7 outlets (combined off‐ and on‐premise outlets; 4.2%, β = 0.43, 95% CI 0.33, 0.52, p < 0.001) had a greater association with violent crime than on‐premise outlets (3.0%, β = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20, 0.41, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAccess to outlets that allow for off‐site consumption had a greater association with violent crime than outlets that only permit on‐site consumption. The lack of effective measures to keep order in and around off‐premise outlets could attract or multiply violent crime.
Enamel matrix derivative for the treatment of partially contained intrabony defects: 12‐month results
Authors: Corbella S , Alberti A , Calciolari E , Taschieri S , Francetti L 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) alone or in association with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for the treatment of partially contained intrabony defects.MethodsA total of 20 two‐walled intrabony defects belonging to nine patients were included. Ten defects were treated with EMD alone (test group 1) and the other 10 were treated with EMD and DBBM (test group 2), applying either modified papilla preservation technique or simplified papilla preservation technique.ResultsTwelve months after surgery, in the test group 1, PD was 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, REC was 2.3 ± 2.4 mm and CAL was 5.0 ± 2.8 mm, significantly reduced from baseline values (P < 0.05). Likewise, in test group 2, PD, REC and CAL reduced to 3.0 ± 0.7 mm, 3.9 ± 1.5 mm and 6.9 ± 1.1 mm respectively, from baseline values at 12 months (P < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found.ConclusionsThe results showed that the use of EMD alone and the use of a combination of EMD and DBBM for the treatment of partially contained defects showed comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes after 12 months.
Telogen hair loss and androgenetic‐like alopecia in GAPO syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Burhan , Gritli Sami 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGrowth retardation, Alopecia, Pseudoanodontia and Optic atrophy (GAPO) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition whose cardinal features include a recognizable craniofacial dysmorphosis, growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and premature aging. We report on a 2‐year‐old Pakistani man affected with GAPO syndrome who additionally shows an androgenetic‐like alopecia with normal testosterone levels and telogen hair loss. These are novel findings in GAPO syndrome.
Current antenatal pertussis vaccination guidelines miss preterm infants: An epidemiological study from the Northern Territory
Authors: Janagaraj Priya Darshene , Gurusamy Pari Shanmuga Raman , Webby Rosalind 
Published: September 2018

ImportanceAssessing gaps in antenatal pertussis vaccination to increase coverage.IntroductionAntenatal pertussis vaccination has been proven effective in reducing pertussis disease in infants. Current guidelines recommend maternal pertussis vaccination from 28 weeks gestation. The aim of this study is to determine antenatal pertussis vaccination coverage in the Northern Territory and potential socio‐demographic factors affecting uptake, using validated birth and immunisation data.MethodsCross‐sectional population study including all viable births (from 24 weeks gestation) in Northern Territory public hospitals in 2016.ResultsThere were 3392 viable delivery episodes in 2016 with 48.9% coverage against maternal pertussis based on current guidelines. Mothers <35 years old were more likely to receive antenatal vaccination (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.26, CI 1.035–1.52, P = 0.021). Pertussis vaccination coverage for preterm births was low at 0% for extreme, 18.86% for very preterm and 39.8% for moderate preterm births, with an overall coverage of 33.5% for all preterm births. Term births were two times more likely than preterm births to have had mothers receive an antenatal diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (aOR = 1.957, CI 1.53–2.50, P < 0.001).ConclusionsA significant proportion (66.5%) of preterm babies are not benefiting from protection against pertussis with the current pertussis vaccination policy from 28 weeks gestation. As timing of birth cannot be predetermined, a review of safety and acceptability of pertussis vaccine administration in the second trimester is needed. Implementation of pertussis vaccination from 20 weeks gestation will provide a wider vaccination period and maximise the protection of all infants including pre‐term infants from pertussis.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in refractory intra‐operative cardiac arrest: an observational study of 12‐year outcomes in a single tertiary hospital
Authors: Min J. J. , Tay C. K. , Ryu D. K. , Wi W. , Sung K. , Lee Y. T. , Cho Y. H. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRefractory intra‐operative cardiac arrest is a challenging issue for anaesthetists. In this study, we analysed the outcomes of adult patients who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory intra‐operative cardiac arrest between 2005 and 2016, using data from our institutional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation registry. We defined refractory intra‐operative cardiac arrest as the failure of a return of spontaneous circulation after 30 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary outcome measure was neurologically intact survival with a cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at hospital discharge. Between 2005 and 2016, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation was used to treat 23 patients who experienced refractory cardiac arrest in the operating room. The survival rates of neurologically‐intact subjects were 9/23 (39%) and 6/23 (26%) at 24 h postoperatively and at hospital discharge, respectively. The main cause of refractory‐intra‐operative cardiac arrest was haemorrhagic shock in 13 out of 23 (57%) patients, and the neurologically‐intact survival rate in these patients was 3/13 (23%) at discharge. Our study showed that approximately a quarter of patients with refractory intra‐operative cardiac arrest caused by haemorrhage would receive survival benefit from extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be a possible option in this clinically‐challenging situation.
Arterio‐venous blood gas Δvalues for validation of umbilical cord blood samples at birth are not only biased by sample mix ups but also affected by clinical factors
Authors: Mokarami Parisa , Wiberg Nana , Källén Karin , Olofsson Per 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionTraditional validation of umbilical cord blood samples with positive veno‐arterial ΔpH and arterio‐venous ΔpCO2 values confirms the source of samples, whereas negative Δvalues represent mix‐up of samples. To investigate whether this is true, the distributions of V‐A ΔpO2 and A‐V Δlactate were also explored and related to clinical characteristics. In addition, different cord blood sampling techniques were evaluated.Material and methodsRegister study with cord blood acid‐base and clinical data from 27 233 newborns. Clinical characteristics were related to positive, zero and negative Δvalues. Blood samplings from unclamped and double‐clamped cords were compared. A two‐sided P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsΔpH and ΔpCO2 values distributed into positive, around zero, and negative sub‐populations, with significant differences in pH and clinical characteristics between sub‐populations. No such sub‐populations were distinguished for ΔpO2 and Δlactate. The 2.5th and 5th ΔpH percentiles were 0.013 and 0.022, respectively, and for ΔpCO2 0.30 and 0.53 kPa. Applying 5th percentile criteria resulted in 3.5% of “approved” cases showing a ΔpO2 ≤ 0. Puncture and sampling of the unclamped cord resulted in significantly better sample quality.ConclusionsUnphysiological negative ΔpO2 values occurred despite correct validation with traditional criteria. Δlactate cannot be used for validation because both positive and negative values are physiological. Positive/around zero/negative ΔpH and ΔpCO2 sub‐populations were associated with significant differences in pH and clinical characteristics, indicating that defective sampling and sample handling are not the sole explanations for negative Δvalues. Prompt puncture and sampling of the unclamped cord resulted in best sample quality.
Potential adverse outcomes of herbal preparation use in childhood
Authors: Farrington Rachael , Musgrave Ian , Byard Roger W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimComplementary and alternative medicines are becoming increasingly popular worldwide with a variety of purported medicinal uses. These products are generally believed to be natural and therefore safe, with few adverse reactions. With this perception, parents are now taking their children to see practitioners prescribing these medicines as well as self‐prescribing. Despite this, there are issues regarding safety, efficacy and regulation, with increasing numbers of reports of adverse reactions to these products. Therefore, a mini‐review was conducted to ascertain the potential risks to children.MethodsA overview of literature was conducted to highlight the current use of complementary and alternative medicines in children and the possible risks associated with their use.ResultsInfants and children may be more susceptible to harmful effects due to their immature physiology and metabolic pathways and different dosage requirements. Adverse reactions may also be caused by interactions with conventional medicines, contamination with heavy metals, and adulteration of filler products including other plant species or pharmaceutical agents.ConclusionAs complementary and alternative medicines become increasingly used alongside and with conventional drug therapy, there needs to be greater awareness and discussion among parents, complementary practitioners and medical practitioners to ensure the overall health and safety of children being exposed to these products.
THE USE OF PPP ARRANGEMENTS IN STREET LIGHTING: A WIN‐WIN OPTION?
Authors: MARQUES Rui Cunha , GEDDES R. Richard 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTStreet lighting is a classic example of a public good, and governments are extensively involved in its provision. Adequate lighting facilitates both car traffic and personal safety while improving an urban area's character. However, many systems are mismanaged and obsolete, incurring high energy costs and emissions with relatively low lighting quality. Public authorities facing budget constraints often find retrofitting old street‐lighting systems challenging. They have two options: either direct in‐house, public‐authority renovation or contracting with a private company through a public–private partnership (PPP). Although private‐sector‐participation approaches vary, most public authorities can now enter into a street‐light modernization PPP agreement. That can be a win‐win option for both the public and private sectors. The upfront investment is small and operational expenses outweigh capital expenses, generating lower payback periods and energy‐cost reduction with light‐emitting diode (LED) technology. Little public expenditure is necessary when private partners are compensated via shared energy savings. We analyze the Detroit street‐light PPP – the United States’ first – and find that PPPs are practical for retrofitting US street lights and in other countries where they are antiquated.
Comparison of footbathing and vaccination to control ovine footrot in an experimentally infected flock
Authors: Allworth MB , Egerton JR 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveCompare footbathing and vaccination for control of footrot during a transmission period in a sheep flock deliberately infected with multiple strains of Dichelobacter nodosus.MethodsThe strains included a known virulent strain, a benign strain and several intermediate strains. The resulting footrot was clinically intermediate. A total of 1450 Polwarth sheep aged 1–3 years were allocated to one of five treatment groups: untreated, weekly walkthrough zinc sulfate footbathing, 1‐hour stand‐in Footrite® footbathing every 3 weeks, vaccination with a commercial multivalent whole‐cell vaccine and vaccination with a novel recombinant DNA fimbrial vaccine. There were four replicates, in four paddocks.ResultsOf the untreated animals, 76% had footrot. Footbathing, either weekly or every 3 weeks, restricted the prevalence to 6/283 (2%; 97% effective) and 18/275 (6.5%; 91% effective), respectively. This was significantly lower than the prevalence in either the untreated or vaccinated group (P < 0.001). Weekly footbathing resulted in significantly fewer affected sheep than footbathing for 1 h every 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Vaccination with either whole‐cell or recombinant vaccines significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the prevalence ((142/280 (51%; 33% effective), 114/278 (41%; 46% effective) respectively), with the recombinant vaccine superior (P < 0.05) to whole‐cell vaccination. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer 1‐year‐old sheep had footrot than older sheep. A single Footrite treatment reduced the prevalence to 12% (53/445) compared with a prevalence of 57% (27/47) for untreated sheep (79% effective).ConclusionIn this study footbathing was more effective than vaccination at controlling and treating multistrain footrot.
Hepatotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of Punica granatum (pomegranate)
Authors: Hawes MH , Gill IJ 
Published: September 2018

Case reportIngestion of pomegranates was associated with the deaths of 9 of 35 young cattle; 8 were found dead without any prior clinical signs being noted and 1 animal was observed to be weak with pale‐pink mucous membranes. Gross pathological changes included widespread subcutaneous and serosal haemorrhages and the liver showed an enhanced acinar or 'nutmeg‐like' pattern. The significant histopathological lesion was severe, acute periacinar to midzonal hepatocellular necrosis. These findings were considered characteristic of a hepatotoxicosis; however, other than the possible involvement of pomegranates, no known hepatotoxins were detected in the pasture or water sources.ConclusionConsumption of large quantities of whole pomegranates is capable of causing severe hepatic necrosis resulting in the death of cattle. At this stage it is unknown whether the toxic principle is within the pomegranates or produced by a microbe associated with the deteriorating fruit.
Post‐encoding wakeful resting supports the retention of new verbal memories in children aged 13–14 years
Authors: Martini Markus , Martini Caroline , Bernegger Christina , Sachse Pierre 
Published: September 2018

Evidence primarily exists in adults that engaging in task‐related mental activity after new learning results in increased forgetting of learned information, compared with quietly resting in the minutes that follow learning, where less forgetting is observed. The current study investigated whether the beneficial effect of post‐encoding rest can be observed in children aged 13–14 years. Each child (N = 102) encoded two word lists. After the presentation and immediate recall of one word list, children wakefully rested for 10 min (resting condition), after presentation and immediate recall of the other word list, they solved visuo‐spatial problems for 10 min (problem‐solving condition). Seven days later, a surprise free recall test for the two word lists took place. Our results showed that children retained more words over 7 days in the resting condition than with the problem‐solving condition. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that the resting effect was a function of the number of words recollected during the immediate recall. Specifically, those children who recalled fewest words (≤ 13/30 words) in the immediate recall showed a significant resting effect. There was no resting effect in those who recalled a mid‐range (14–16/30 words) or a high number (>16/30 words) of words. These results provide new insights into the factors that influence memory in children, and suggest that a few minutes of wakeful rest benefits memory, relative to engaging in an ongoing task.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Task‐related mental activity after encoding weakens memory retention more than wakeful resting.

Beneficial effect of resting after encoding was found primarily in younger and older adults.

What does this study add?

We investigated children at the age of 13–14 years.

8‐min post‐encoding wakeful resting supports memory retention over 7 days.

Individuals differ in the impact of a brief period of wakeful resting after learning.

Only children with lower immediate memory performances profited from wakeful resting.
Achieving tumour control when suspecting sinus fat involvement during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: step‐by‐step
Authors: Bertolo Riccardo , Garisto Juan , Sagalovich Daniel , Dagenais Julien , Agudelo Jose , Kaouk Jihad 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo report a single expert robotic surgeon's step‐by‐step surgical technique for achieving local cancer control during robot‐assisted PN (RAPN) for T3 tumours.Patients and methodsSince January 2010 to December 2016, the institutional RAPN database was queried for patients who underwent transperitoneal RAPN performed by a single surgeon for tumours ≤4 mm from the collecting system at preoperative computed tomography (three points on the ‘N [Nearness]’ R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry‐score item) that were pT3a involving sinus fat at final pathology. Baseline characteristics, perioperative and oncological outcomes (particularly positive surgical margins, PSMs), were identified.ResultsOf 1497 masses that underwent RAPN, 512 scored 3 points on the ‘N’ item of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score assessment. In all, 24 patients had pT3a tumours involving sinus fat at final pathology and represented the analysed cohort. RAPN were performed according to the here described technique. No PSMs were reported. Trifecta achievement was 54.2%. Within a median follow‐up of 30 months, two and one patients had recurrence or metastasis, respectively. Two patients died unrelated to renal cancer. Retrospective analysis and limited follow‐up represent study limitations.ConclusionIn a selected cohort of patients with renal tumours near the sinus fat at baseline R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score assessment and confirmed pT3a at final pathology, the described RAPN technique was able to achieve optimal local cancer control.