bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twisted Acoustics: Metasurface‐Enabled Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
Authors: Jiang Xue , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian‐Chun , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces are used to enable acoustic orbital angular momentum (a‐OAM)‐based multiplexing in real‐time, postprocess‐free, and sensor‐scanning‐free fashions to improve the bandwidth of acoustic communication, with intrinsic compatibility and expandability to cooperate with other multiplexing schemes. The metasurface‐based communication relying on encoding information onto twisted beams is numerically and experimentally demonstrated by realizing real‐time picture transfer, which differs from existing static data transfer by encoding data onto OAM states. With the advantages of real‐time transmission, passive and instantaneous data decoding, vanishingly low loss, compact size, and high transmitting accuracy, the study of a‐OAM‐based information transfer with metasurfaces offers new route to boost the capacity of acoustic communication and great potential to profoundly advance relevant fields.
Light‐Activated Upconverting Spinners
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sevilla Paloma , Lee Tianli , Liang Liangliang , Haro‐González Patricia , Lifante Ginés , Liu Xiaogang , Jaque Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRare earth doped upconverting particles (UCPs, capable of efficient infrared‐to‐visible light conversion) have played a fundamental role in the development of up‐to‐date photonics. Thanks to their unique combination of properties (high brightness, superior spectral and intensity stabilities, and high biocompatibility) old dreams have become possible such as obtaining intracellular dynamical images or remote measurement of temperature in the nanoscale. In this work, it is demonstrated how a rarely considered property of UCNPs, their intrinsic optical birefringence, expands their multifunctionality by converting them into fully controlled, optically activated luminescent spinners. Thanks to the luminescence‐based thermal sensing ability of upconverting spinners, it is possible, by comparison between experimental data and numerical modeling, to explain the supralinear behavior of spinning rate with optical power. The complete understanding of rotation dynamics allows the use of UCPs as mechanical microthermometers with thermal sensitivities larger than those traditionally achieved by luminescence‐based thermometry. Experimental demonstration of the potential use of UCPs as remote light‐activated microrotors is also provided. Results included in this work constitute the first step toward the overcoming of new challenges in photonics including those raising in modern biophotonics and colloidal science.
Hard X‐Ray Nanoholotomography: Large‐Scale, Label‐Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit
Authors: Khimchenko Anna , Bikis Christos , Pacureanu Alexandra , Hieber Simone E. , Thalmann Peter , Deyhle Hans , Schweighauser Gabriel , Hench Jürgen , Frank Stephan , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena , Schulz Georg , Cloetens Peter , Müller Bert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X‐ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation‐based technology for large‐scale, label‐free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm. The procedure is nondestructive as it does not require physical slicing. Hence, it allows subsequent imaging by complementary techniques, including histology. The feasibility of this 3D imaging approach is demonstrated on human cerebellum and neocortex specimens derived from paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks. The obtained results are compared to hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections and showcase the ability for rapid hierarchical neuroimaging and automatic rebuilding of the neuronal architecture at the level of a single cell nucleolus. The findings indicate that nanoholotomography can complement microscopy not only by large isotropic volumetric data but also by morphological details on the sub‐100 nm level, addressing many of the present challenges in brain tissue characterization and probably becoming an important tool in nanoanatomy.
Humane Enzyme für die organische Synthese
Authors: Winkler Margit , Geier Martina , Hanlon Steven P. , Nidetzky Bernd , Glieder Anton 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHumane Enzyme wurden im Rahmen vieler Disziplinen untersucht. Die Anzahl an Reaktionen, die im menschlichen Körper stattfinden, ist enorm, ebenso wie die Anzahl möglicher Katalysatoren für eine Anwendung in der organischen Synthese. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit chemischen Reaktionen humaner Enzyme, die eine Rolle im Metabolismus von Wirkstoffen oder Xenobiotika spielen. Einige dieser Reaktionen wurden im präparativen Maßstab untersucht. Der größte Teil an Anwendungen von humanen Enzymen stammt aus dem Bereich der Wirkstoffentwicklung, wo sie zur Synthese von Wirkstoffmetaboliten eingesetzt werden.
Tetrafunctional epoxy as an all‐purpose modifier for homopolymerized bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
Authors: Miao Xuepei , Han Bing , Xing An , Liu Tuan , He Lifan , Li Xiaoyu , Meng Yan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn some applications, homopolymerized epoxies, which offer better biocompatibility and lower water absorption than amine‐ and anhydride‐cured epoxy, are more preferable; however, using homopolymerized epoxy as matrix in composites still remains a challenge. Herein, homopolymerized bisphenol A diglycidyl ether curing systems with simultaneously improved tensile strength, impact strength, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were achieved by addition of small amounts of tetra‐functional epoxies (TFTEs) with different spacer lengths. Effects of spacer length in TFTE on thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. Results indicated that TFTE with the longest spacer length shows the best mechanical performance. In addition, effects of TFTE loading on thermal and mechanical properties were discussed. Compared with neat bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, addition of 5% tetraglycidyl‐1,10‐bis(triphenylmethane) decane leads to simultaneous improvements in tensile strength, impact strength, and Tg. Effects of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties were also reported. Results suggest that the modified homopolymerized epoxy shows good performances and could be used as matrix materials and possibly in some dental applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46431.
Breaking niche sustainable products into the mainstream: Organic milk and free‐range eggs
Authors: Chintakayala Phani Kumar , Young William , Barkemeyer Ralf , Morris Michelle A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe contribute to the existing literature on factors influencing sustainable product consumption behavior by (a) employing actual supermarket sales data from over 300 outlets in England covering up to 18 million customers, and by (b) examining two products that can both be labeled as sustainable but have very different market positions: organic milk as a typical niche product, and free‐range eggs which (based on market share) can be seen as a mainstream product. Our study has looked into the influence of factors such as deprivation and race, which have not previously been looked into. The results partially confirm previous research, which is mostly based on self‐reported behavior, identifying both price and deprived catchment areas as barriers but green attitudes as a facilitator while more affluent people purchase organic milk. What is new from our work is that convenience stores have a negative influence and for organic milk, older families and those aged 25–44 years have a positive influence. Crucially, we identify clear differences between purchasing behaviors regarding niche and mainstream products in our analysis: while purchases of organic milk can be predicted by a wide range of sociodemographic factors, this is not the case for free‐range eggs. Here, besides price and green attitudes, there are no other influences on behavior. The results of our study can therefore provide fresh insight into the debate around recent attempts to mainstream sustainable product consumption.
Estimation of Efficiency Potentials Generated by Innovative Equipment Technologies
Authors: Wesche Mandy , Paschetag André , Jasch Katharina , Häberl Michael , Scholl Stephan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe integration of innovative equipment technologies in production processes offers efficiency potentials with regards to energy and resource demand as well as investment and operating costs. For the estimation of these potentials, a sufficiently detailed database is necessary as well as the possibility to consider particular boundary conditions of the production process, infrastructure of the production site, and the overall plant design. A structured concept for the selection of suitable equipment technologies and sizing rules for the design of the equipment for a desired process task are presented in this review. The combination with an appropriate modeling approach allows a holistic assessment of technically feasible solutions to quantify economic and ecological efficiency potentials of the equipment technologies. The application of this concept is demonstrated on the task of a typical heat transfer problem in the special chemicals sector.
Consequences of an early catheter‐based intervention on pulmonary artery growth and right ventricular myocardial function in a pig model of pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Bates Melissa L. , Anagnostopoulos Petros V. , Nygard Cole , Torgeson Jenna , Reichert Jamie , Galambos Csaba , Eldridge Marlowe W. , Lamers Luke J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the consequences of an early catheter‐based intervention on pulmonary artery (PA) growth and right ventricular (RV) myocardial function in an animal model of branch PA stenosis.BackgroundAcute results and safety profiles of deliberate stent fracture within the pulmonary vasculature have been demonstrated. The long‐term impact of early stent intervention and deliberate stent fracture on PA growth and myocardial function is not understood.MethodsImplantation of small diameter stents was performed in a pig model of left PA stenosis at 6 weeks (10 kg) followed by dilations at 10 (35 kg) and 18 weeks (65 kg) with intent to fracture and implant large diameter stents. Hemodynamics, RV contractility, and 2D/3D angiography were performed with each intervention. The heart and pulmonary vasculature were histologically assessed.ResultsStent fracture occurred in 9/12 and implantation of large diameter stents was successful in 10/12 animals with no PA aneurysms or dissections. The final stented PA segment and distal left PA branch origins equaled the corresponding PA diameters of sham controls. Growth of left PA immediately beyond the stent was limited and there was diffuse fibro‐intimal proliferation within the distal left and right PA. RV contractility was diminished in the intervention group and the response to dobutamine occurred uniquely via increases in heart rate.ConclusionsEarly stent intervention in this surgically created PA stenosis model was associated with improved growth of the distal PA vasculature but additional investigation of PA vessel physiology and impact on the developing heart are needed.
Use of a biological mesh for the treatment of perineal fistula following radical colorectal resection
Authors: Makris Marinos C. , Kornaropoulos Michael , Krikelis Apostolos , Moris Demetrios , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Modestou Elia , Liapi Artemis , Karatzias Vasileios , Damaskos Christos , Zevlas Andreas 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessagePatients with postradiation therapy for malignancies and/or extensive colorectal surgery are prone to the development of enteroperineal fistulas. Application of biological meshes may prove beneficial in treating complicated enteroperineal fistulas as they provide a stable ground for closing pelvic defects even in contaminated fields.
Full Conformational Landscape of 3‐Methoxyphenol Revealed by Room Temperature mm‐wave Rotational Spectroscopy Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Roucou Anthony , Fontanari Daniele , Dhont Guillaume , Jabri Atef , Bray Cédric , Hindle Francis , Mouret Gaël , Bocquet Robin , Cuisset Arnaud 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRoom temperature millimeter‐wave rotational spectroscopy supported by high level of theory calculations have been employed to fully characterise the conformational landscape of 3‐Methoxyphenol, a semi‐volatile polar oxygenated aromatic compound precursor of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere arising from biomass combustion. While previous rotationally‐resolved spectroscopic studies in the microwave and in the UV domains failed to observe the complete conformational landscape, the 70–330 GHz rotational spectrum measured in this study reveals the ground state rotational signatures of the four stable conformations theoretically predicted. Moreover, rotational transitions in the lowest energy vibrationally excited states were assigned for two conformers. While the inertial defect of methoxyphenol does not significantly change between conformers and isomers, the excitation of the methoxy out‐of‐plane bending is the main contribution to the non‐planarity of the molecule.
Cu2+‐doped Carbon Nitride/MWCNT as an Electrochemical Glucose Sensor
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Li Yong , Liu Mengjie , Tsang Chui‐Shan , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe rational design of electrocatalysts with abundant active sites and high conductivity is the key to the development of glucose sensors. Herein, we report the preparation of a Cu2+‐doped C3N4 supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) network (Cu2+‐C3N4/MWCNT) as a highly efficient non‐enzymatic glucose sensing system. The morphologic and structural investigations using TEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, EPR, and i‐V response indicate the successful insertion of Cu2+ into the C3N4 inter‐layers via an out‐of‐plane on‐top configuration and the consequent exfoliation of C3N4 layers without forming CuO or Cu(OH)2. Such material can act as an electrocatalyst for glucose electrooxidation, and MWCNT can greatly reduce the charge transfer resistance and enhances activity. An optimised Cu2+ doping level (12 wt%) in Cu2+‐C3N4/MWCNT was established to realise high sensitivity towards glucose sensing (929 mA/M cm2), large linear range (0.5 μM∼12 mM), low detection limit (0.35 μM), and short response time (<3 s). Excellent selectivity against the interferents, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, sucrose, and lactose, is also observed. In the blood serum tests, as‐prepared glucose sensor reports comparable and reproducible results, demonstrating its practical potentials.
Quantitative assessment of mAb Fc glycosylation of CQA importance by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Szigeti Marton , Chapman Jeff , Borza Beata , Guttman Andras 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe attached carbohydrates at the highly conserved asparagine‐linked glycosylation site in the CH2 domain of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of monoclonal antibody therapeutics can play an essential role in their mechanism of action, including ADCC, CDC, anti‐inflammatory functions, and serum half‐life. Thus, this particular glycosylation represents one of the important critical quality attributes (CQA) of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which should be closely monitored and controlled during all stages of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. To study Fc glycosylation related quantitative critical quality attributes, the N‐glycan pool of adalimumab (Humira®) was spiked with increasing amounts of mannose‐5 oligosaccharide, a glycan with high CQA importance. The method enabled precise quantitative CQA assessment with high detection sensitivity.
On the stability relationships between tidal asymmetry and morphologies of tidal basins and estuaries
Authors: Zhou Zeng , Coco Giovanni , Townend Ian , Gong Zheng , Wang Zhengbing , Zhang Changkuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSimple stability relationships are practically useful to provide a rapid assessment of coastal and estuarine landforms in response to human interventions and long‐term climate change. In this contribution, we review a variety of simple stability relationships which are based on the analysis of tidal asymmetry (TA). Most of the existing TA‐based stability relationships are derived using the one‐dimensional tidal flow equations assuming a certain regular shape of the tidal channel cross‐sections. To facilitate analytical solutions, specific assumptions inevitably need to be made, for example by linearizing the friction term and dropping some negligible terms in the tidal flow equations. We find that three major types of TA‐based stability relationships have been proposed between three non‐dimensional channel geometric ratios (represented by the ratio of channel widths, ratio of wet surface areas and ratio of storage volumes) and the tide‐related parameter a/h (i.e. the ratio between tidal amplitude and mean water depth). Based on established geometric relations, we use these non‐dimensional ratios to restate the existing relationships so that they are directly comparable. Available datasets are further extended to examine the utility of these TA‐based relationships. Although a certain agreement is shown for these relationships, we also observe a large scatter of data points which are collected in different types of landscape, hydrodynamic and sedimentological settings over the world. We discuss in detail the potential reasons for this large scatter and subsequently elaborate on the limited applicability of the various TA‐based stability relationships for practical use. We highlight the need to delve further into what constitutes equilibrium and what is needed to develop more robust measures to determine the morphological state of these systems. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying river incision into low‐relief surfaces using local and catchment‐wide 10Be denudation rates
Authors: Wolff Reinhard , Hetzel Ralf , Strobl Marcus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRelief generation in non‐glaciated regions is largely controlled by river incision into bedrock but datable fluvial terraces that allow quantifying incision rates are not always present. Here we suggest a new method to determine river incision rates in regions where low‐relief surfaces are dissected by streams. The approach consists of three steps and requires the 10Be concentrations of a stream sediment sample and a regolith sample from the low‐relief surface. In the first step, the spatial distribution of 10Be surface concentrations in the given catchment is modelled by assuming that denudation rates are controlled by the local hillslope angles. The slope–denudation rate relation for this catchment is then quantified by adjusting the relation between slope angle and denudation rate until the average 10Be concentration in the model is equal to the one measured in the stream sediment sample. In the second step, curved swath profiles are used to measure hillslope angles adjacent to the main river channel. Third, the mean slope angle derived from these swath profiles and the slope–denudation relation are used to quantify the river incision rate (assuming that the incision rate equals the denudation rate on adjacent hillslopes). We apply our approach to two study areas in southern Tibet and central Europe (Black Forest). In both regions, local 10Be denudation rates on flat parts of the incised low‐relief surface are lower than catchment‐wide denudation rates. As the latter integrate across the entire landscape, river incision rates must exceed these spatially averaged denudation rates. Our approach yields river incision rates between ~15 and ~30 m/Ma for the Tibetan study area and incision rates of ~70 to ~100 m/Ma in the Black Forest. Taking the lowering of the low‐relief surfaces into account suggests that relief in the two study areas increases at rates of 10–20 and 40–70 m/Ma, respectively. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connectivity dynamics in typical development and its relationship to autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rashid Barnaly , Blanken Laura M. E. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Miller Robyn , Damaraju Eswar , Arbabshirani Mohammad R. , Erhardt Erik B. , Verhulst Frank C. , van der Lugt Aad , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Tiemeier Henning , White Tonya , Calhoun Vince 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided significant insights into developmental trajectories of human brain function. Characterizations of typical neurodevelopment provide a framework for understanding altered neurodevelopment, including differences in brain function related to developmental disorders and psychopathology. Historically, most functional connectivity studies of typical and atypical development operate under the assumption that connectivity remains static over time. We hypothesized that relaxing stationarity assumptions would reveal novel features of both typical brain development related to children on the autism spectrum. We employed a “chronnectomic” (recurring, time‐varying patterns of connectivity) approach to evaluate transient states of connectivity using resting‐state functional MRI in a population‐based sample of 774 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children. Dynamic connectivity was evaluated using a sliding‐window approach, and revealed four transient states. Internetwork connectivity increased with age in modularized dynamic states, illustrating an important pattern of connectivity in the developing brain. Furthermore, we demonstrated that higher levels of autistic traits and ASD diagnosis were associated with longer dwell times in a globally disconnected state. These results provide a roadmap to the chronnectomic organization of the developing brain and suggest that characteristics of functional brain connectivity are related to children on the autism spectrum.
Human factors’ complexity measurement of human‐based station of assembly line
Authors: Fan Guoliang , Li Aiping , Zhao Yaxi , Moroni Giovanni , Xu Liyun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCognitive heterogeneity causes operation time variability and high human error rates at human‐based stations of assembly lines. It will affect the performance of the production activities, the design process of which depends on reliable estimate of operation time. To quantify operator cognition, we measured the human factors’ complexity of human‐based stations using an information entropy approach in aspect of operation time. Initially, the influence of the operators’ cognition on the operation time is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the operation time model that considers cognition is presented. Then, the operation time model is modified by applying a correction method using the behavior correction factor, and, finally, the human factors’ complexity measurement model is built. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method in order to measure the influence of human cognition on the performance of the human‐based station.