bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind perception and moral judgment in autism
Authors: Akechi Hironori , Kikuchi Yukiko , Tojo Yoshikuni , Hakarino Koichiro , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: September 2018

Social difficulties of autistic individuals have been suggested to be caused by mind blindness, the absence of a theory of mind. Numerous studies have investigated theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder or how autistic individuals represent the mental states of others. Here, we have examined, as an alternative, mind perception, namely how individuals perceive the minds of various animate and inanimate entities. Autistic and non‐autistic participants demonstrated evidence of a similar two‐dimensional mind perception; agency, capacity for doing (i.e., self‐control, memory, plan), and experience, capacity for feeling (i.e., fear, hunger, pain). Some targets (e.g., human infant and dog) were perceived to have low agency but high experience, while others (e.g., robot and God) were perceived to have the reverse pattern. Moreover, in both autistic and non‐autistic groups, the attribution of moral blame positively correlated with agency, whereas moral consideration positively correlated with experience. These results offer new evidence of social cognition, particularly conception of mind and morality, in autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1239–1244. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe found that autistic and non‐autistic individuals have similar thoughts regarding the minds of various living and nonliving entities. In addition, both groups gave moral consideration or blamed entities for wrongdoing according to their conception of the minds of those entities. Autistic individuals have this mind‐based moral sense, which is a pivotal element with a key role in human society.
When do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Take Common Ground into Account During Communication?
Authors: Malkin Louise , Abbot‐Smith Kirsten , Williams David , Ayling John 
Published: September 2018

One feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a deficit in verbal reference production, that is, providing an appropriate amount of verbal information for the listener to refer to things, people, and events. However, very few studies have manipulated whether individuals with ASD can take a speaker's perspective to interpret verbal reference. A critical limitation of all interpretation studies is that comprehension of another's verbal reference required the participant to represent only the other's visual perspective. Yet, many everyday interpretations of verbal reference require knowledge of social perspective (i.e., a consideration of which experiences one has shared with which interlocutor). We investigated whether 22 5;0–7;11‐year‐old children with ASD and 22 well‐matched typically developing (TD) children used social perspective to comprehend (Study 1) and produce (Study 2) verbal reference. Social perspective‐taking was manipulated by having children collaboratively complete activities with one of two interlocutors such that for a given activity, one interlocutor was Knowledgeable and one was Naïve. Study 1 found no between‐group differences for the interpretation of ambiguous references based on social perspective. In Study 2, when producing referring terms, the ASD group made modifications based on listener needs, but this effect was significantly stronger in the TD group. Overall, the findings suggest that high‐functioning children with ASD know with which interlocutor they have previously shared a given experience and can take this information into account to steer verbal reference. Nonetheless, they show clear performance limitations in this regard relative to well‐matched controls. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1366–1375. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryNo one had studied if young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could take into account previous collaboration with particular conversation partners to drive how well they communicate with others. In both their language understanding and spoken language, we found that five to 7‐year‐olds with ASD were able to consider what they had previously shared with the conversation partner. However, they were impaired when compared to typically developing children in the degree to which they tailored their spoken language for a specific listener.
Computing individual and collective ethical utility for optimally planning phase III trials
Authors: De Capitani Lucio , De Martini Daniele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA quantitative evaluation of individual and collective ethics is proposed here, with the aim of providing a tool for sample size determination/estimation that goes further than the standard power setting of 80–90%. Individual ethics deal with issues that concern the patients enrolled in the trial, where collective ones concern the patients not enrolled in the trial, and who might benefit from a positive result. The global ethical utility (GEU) of a phase III trial is introduced here, being the summation of individual and collective ethical utilities, and can be viewed as a function of the sample size. The GEU model is based on the extent of the efficacy of the treatments in study, of the quality of life of the patients being treated, of the effects of potential adverse reactions, it accounts for the duration of the periods of interest and for the size of population groups, and also embeds the experimental power. This work aims at arguing the case for GEU adoption for sample size determination. The sample size that maximizes GEU can be adopted for planning the trial, even when providing a power value out of the classical range [.8,.9]. Alternatively, among the sample sizes based on power values of 80% and 90%, the one providing the highest GEU can be adopted. Intuitively, when a treatment is assumed to work well, to have few adverse effects, and is expected to improve the QoL of the ill population for a considerable amount of time, collective ethics may prevail giving ethically optimal sample sizes larger than usual, and consequent quite high power values (e.g. 99%). Instead, medium, though still clinically meaningful, levels of effect, considerable adverse reactions, and limited life expectation and QoL improvement, might shift the ethical balance on individual ethics and give an ethically optimal sample size providing a power lower than standard values (e.g. 70%). Some examples and an application in the cardiovascular area, including sensitivity analyses of the results based on the so‐called Bayesian “assurance” technique, are also discussed. Several possible extensions of the model related to particular clinical frameworks are also presented.
Identification of LEA, a podocalyxin‐like glycoprotein, as a predictor for the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yuan Dezheng , Chen Hang , Wang Shuo , Liu Furong , Cheng Yajie , Fang Jin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge external antigen (LEA) is considered as a colorectal cancer (CRC)‐associated antigen, which was found via mAb ND‐1 generated using hybridoma technology, but its molecular features remain unknown. To facilitate the clinical application of LEA, we identified LEA as a podocalyxin‐like protein 1 (PODXL) with molecular weight of approximately 230 kDa, a hyperglycosylated protein, using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry in combination, and verified that ND‐1‐recognized epitope is on the terminal sialic acid of LEA. Correlation analysis between LEA and PODXL in molecular weight, immunological cross‐reactivity, and gene expression dependence supported the PODXL identity of the LEA. Moreover, we assessed the clinical significance of the LEA in 89 pairs of primary CRC tissues and adjacent nontumor colorectal tissues using ND‐1 by quantum dot‐based immunohistochemistry (QD‐IHC). High LEA expression was correlated significantly with T stage (P = 0.010). Patients with high LEA expression showed significantly poorer prognosis than those with LEA low expression (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis indicated LEA expression as an independent predictor. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that mAb ND‐1‐based IHC analysis toward sugar residue of PODXL has higher sensitivity and specificity to evaluate the LEA/PODXL expression than mAb 3D3‐based method toward core protein of PODXL in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. In addition, we first found that LEA/PODXL can be secreted in exosomes from cancer cells and CRC patient peripheral blood. Our results demonstrate that LEA is an independent predictor for CRC progression and has the potential to be applied for clinical setting with high sensitivity, high specificity, and noninvasive access.
Post‐treatment urinary sarcosine as a predictor of recurrent relapses in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Gumulec Jaromir , Raudenska Martina , Pacik Dalibor , Plevova Mariana , Sorokac‐Kubolkova Alena , Lackova Zuzana , Cernei Natalia , Strmiska Vladislav , Zitka Ondrej , Heger Zbynek , Adam Vojtech 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo date, there has been no evidence regarding the association between urinary sarcosine content and prostate cancer survival. Our main objective was to investigate whether levels of post‐treatment urinary sarcosine are associated with relapse. The inclusion criteria were (in accordance with EAU 2017) as follows: histopathologically verified adenocarcinoma in prostate biopsy cores or specimens from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or prostatectomy for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) with retained ability to urinate. The median follow‐up was 53 months. In the study, we retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 511 patients with prostate cancer with various risk factors and treatment strategies. Post‐treatment sarcosine levels were elevated in 266 (52%) patients and highly elevated (≥200 nmol/L) in 71 (13%) patients. Urinary sarcosine content was significantly associated with number of relapses that patients experienced, P = 0.002 for sarcosine ≥200 vs ≤30 nmol/L. Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcosine was an independent predictor of recurrent relapses (≥2 relapses with an intermediate period of remission), HR = 3.89 (95% CI 1.29‐11.7) for sarcosine >200 vs <30 nmol/L. This trend was even more pronounced in a subgroup of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, HR = 3.29 (95% CI 1.06‐10.18), where (single) relapse‐free survival could also be predicted by sarcosine levels, HR = 1.96 (1.05‐3.66). Urinary sarcosine may become a possible predictor for patients’ outcomes, because patients with elevated post‐treatment sarcosine could be predicted to have recurrent relapses of the disease.
Pattern of distant metastases in primary extrahepatic bile‐duct cancer: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Wang Xuan , Yu Guang‐Yang , Chen Mo , Wei Ran , Chen Jinhong , Wang Zheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtrahepatic bile duct cancer (EBDC) is a combined type of malignancy mainly consisting of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Clinically, it is featured with latent symptoms and early metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, this cohort study aimed to depict the possible metastatic patterns of EBDC of diverse sub‐types and evaluate the prognostic significance of diverse metastatic destinations with data from the clinical database. Relevant data of total 4061 confirmed EBDC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2013 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was obtained. We applied t test to describe the baseline data of patients included and used chi‐square test to compare the distribution of distant metastatic sites. We further adopted odds ratio assess the combined metastatic patterns and compared survival difference of patients with different distal metastasis organ by Kaplan‐Meier analysis. We identified totally 4061 patients over 18 years old diagnosed with extrahepatic bile tract malignancies between 2010 and 2013, with clear metastatic status and follow‐up data, without primary malignancies. Liver and distant lymph (DL) are the two most common sites as a single metastasis organ. In combined metastasis patterns, bi‐organ is more frequent than the other types. Lung is the organ preferentially for bi‐organ metastasis, while bone and distant lymph similarly intend to co‐metastasize with brain. Distal metastasis in EBDC patients indicates an extremely poor prognosis. According to the final analysis results, malignancies in extrahepatic bile duct exhibit similar metastatic patterns, suggesting that we can regard them as a unity to assess its development. Profound differences exist in distribution of distant extrahepatic metastatic sites and their combinations. Results from our studies would provide some information for follow‐up strategies and future studies.
Development of a Dominant Negative Competence‐Stimulating Peptide (dnCSP) that Attenuates Streptococcus pneumoniae Infectivity in a Mouse Model of Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Koirala Bimal , Lin Jingjun , Lau Gee W. , Tal‐Gan Yftah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a prevalent human pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases, including pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis and otitis media, with a death toll of >22 000 a year in the United States alone. Pneumococcus uses the competence regulon and its associated signaling peptide, the competence stimulating peptide (CSP), to initiate its attack on the host and establish an infection. In this work, we set out to: 1) develop a pan‐group quorum sensing inhibitor that could effectively interact with both the pneumococcus ComD1 and ComD2 receptors; and 2) evaluate the utility of dominant‐negative CSPs (dnCSPs) in attenuating pneumococcus infectivity. Our results highlight the potential of inhibiting the competence regulon as a therapeutic approach to combat pneumococcus infections.
Clinical presentation and management of atraumatic splenic rupture
Authors: Sahin Alain N. , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageAtraumatic splenic rupture is a rare, but well‐documented and life‐threatening clinical entity that is often misdiagnosed. Clinicians should include this entity in their differential diagnosis using clinical judgement even in the absence of a history of trauma.
Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp2 Carbons Towards H2O2 Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach
Authors: Manju Venkatesan , Vusa Chiranjeevi S. R. , Arumugam Palaniappan , Berchmans Sheela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesigning a self‐supported and binder‐free electrocatalyst for electrochemical detection of bio‐analytes is an intriguing area of research on electrochemical sensors. Herein, glassy carbon GC and graphene (Gr) were transformed to self‐supported and binder‐free electrocatalysts (N−GCE and N−Gr) for metal‐free and non‐enzymatic H2O2 detection by a simple electrochemical incorporation of nitrogen on their surfaces. The presence of nitrogen and its functional groups in N−GCE and N−Gr was confirmed by Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. We found that the nitrogen incorporated surfaces, N−GCE and N−Gr show enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to the oxygen incorporated surfaces, O−GCE and O−Gr, and plain GCE and Gr. The apparent electron transfer rate constant, ka of N−GCE and N−Gr increased significantly after nitrogen incorporation. The N−GCE and N−Gr show enhanced electrochemical performance towards H2O2 in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reusability. The rate determining step of H2O2 reduction at N−GCE and N−Gr was determined by rotating disc electrode experiments. Also, N−GCE and N−Gr are shown to be potential candidates for the detection of H2O2 in real samples like urine and milk. The hidden potential of the method reported is that it can be extended to design many novel electrocatalytic materials simply by selecting a proper allotrope of carbon from the wide list of carbon allotropes.
Sulfur‐Doped CoO Nanoflakes with Loosely Packed Structure Realizing Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kuang Xuan , Kang Baotao , Wang Zhiling , Gao Lingfeng , Guo Chengying , Lee Jin Yong , Sun Xu , Wei Qin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of active and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to promote water splitting has always been a major challenge. Cobalt‐based oxides and sulfides have been actively investigated due to their low cost and high activity. However, the lower intrinsic conductivity of cobalt oxide and the inferior stability of cobalt sulfides still limit their practical application. Herein, CoO was chosen for a proof‐of‐concept study in which the anion‐doping strategy was used to obtain an excellent catalyst. Sulfur incorporation optimizes the charge‐transfer properties and active sites of sulfur‐doped CoO (S‐CoO) and thus gives rise to improved catalytic activity. Besides sulfur doping, the stable framework of the cobalt oxide was well maintained, and thus high stability of S‐CoO throughout the reaction process was ensured.
The FDA nozzle benchmark: “In theory there is no difference between theory and practice, but in practice there is”
Authors: Bergersen Aslak W. , Mortensen Mikael , Valen‐Sendstad Kristian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe utility of flow simulations relies on the robustness of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers and reproducibility of results. The aim of this study was to validate the Oasis CFD solver against in vitro experimental measurements of jet breakdown location from the FDA nozzle benchmark at Reynolds number 3500, which is in the particularly challenging transitional regime. Simulations were performed on meshes consisting of 5, 10, 17, and 28 million (M) tetrahedra, with Δt  =  10−5 seconds. The 5M and 10M simulation jets broke down in reasonable agreement with the experiments. However, the 17M and 28M simulation jets broke down further downstream. But which of our simulations are “correct”? From a theoretical point of view, they are all wrong because the jet should not break down in the absence of disturbances. The geometry is axisymmetric with no geometrical features that can generate angular velocities. A stable flow was supported by linear stability analysis. From a physical point of view, a finite amount of “noise” will always be present in experiments, which lowers transition point. To replicate noise numerically, we prescribed minor random angular velocities (approximately 0.31%), much smaller than the reported flow asymmetry (approximately 3%) and model accuracy (approximately 1%), at the inlet of the 17M simulation, which shifted the jet breakdown location closer to the measurements. Hence, the high‐resolution simulations and “noise” experiment can potentially explain discrepancies in transition between sometimes “sterile” CFD and inherently noisy “ground truth” experiments. Thus, we have shown that numerical simulations can agree with experiments, but for the wrong reasons.
Flow Cytometric Monitoring for Residual Disease in B Lymphoblastic Leukemia Post T Cell Engaging Targeted Therapies
Authors: Cherian Sindhu , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of targeted therapy is growing in the setting of hematopoietic neoplasms. Flow cytometry is a cornerstone of residual disease monitoring post therapy in this group of malignancies. Often, there is overlap between antigens targeted by immunotherapies and gating reagents utilized for population identification by flow cytometry. Such overlap can render a previously excellent gating reagent inadequate for disease detection. Recently, several anti–CD19 T cell–engaging immunotherapeutic agents and an anti‐CD22 immunotoxin have been FDA approved for use in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐LL), with an anti–CD22 T cell–engaging agent in development. In the setting of such targeted therapies, CD19 and CD22 expression may be altered, compromising the use of these reagents for identification of abnormal blasts. We describe herein a strategy for flow cytometric monitoring for residual disease in patients with B‐LL post T cell–engaging anti‐CD19 and anti‐CD22 therapies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marine bathymetry processing through GPGPU virtualization in high performance cloud computing
Authors: Montella Raffaele , Marcellino Livia , Galletti Ardelio , Di Luccio Diana , Kosta Sokol , Laccetti Giuliano , Giunta Giulio 
Published: September 2018

SummaryFast technology development has influenced the widespread use of low‐power devices in different scientific, environmental, and everyday life areas, giving birth to the Internet of Things. In this paper, we focus on the context of marine studies, addressing the problem of marine bathymetry data processing and analysis via pervasive and Internet‐connected sensors and low‐power distributed devices. Pervasive and Internet‐connected low‐power devices (as the components involved in the sensing and processing actions) made diverse and different “things” as a worldwide‐distributed system. Given the high complexity of the algorithms involved in these studies, which usually involve general‐purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU) computation, it is impossible for the limited devices to perform the required calculations. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose and implement a vertical application of GVirtuS, the open‐source GPGPU virtualization and remoting service, for achieving high performance geographical data interpolation in a high performance cloud computing scenario. We present an innovative implementation by comparing, in terms of performance and accuracy, the inverse distance weighting and kriging interpolation methods in their parallel implementations leveraging on CUDA‐enabled GPGPUs. We present a real‐world use case related to high‐resolution bathymetry interpolation in a crowdsource data context in the Bay of Pozzuoli, Italy.
In situ detection of CD73+ CD90+ CD105+ lineage: Mesenchymal stromal cells in human placenta and bone marrow specimens by chipcytometry
Authors: Consentius Christine , Mirenska Anja , Jurisch Anke , Reinke Simon , Scharm Markus , Zenclussen Ana Claudia , Hennig Christian , Volk Hans‐Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support endogenous regeneration and present therefore promising opportunities for in situ tissue engineering. They can be isolated and expanded from various tissues, for example, bone marrow, adipose tissue, or placenta. The minimal consensus definition criteria of ex vivo expanded MSCs requires them to be positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression, while being negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, CD19, and HLA‐DR. This study aimed to compare the in situ phenotype of MSCs with that of their culture‐expanded progeny. We report for the first time in situ detection of cells expressing this marker combination in human placenta cryosections as well as in bone marrow aspirates using multiplex‐immunohistology (Chipcytometry), a technique that allows staining of more than 100 biomarkers consecutively on the same cell. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry