bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of hormone replacement therapy with increased risk of meningioma in women: A hospital‐based multicenter study with propensity score matching
Authors: Shu Xiaochen , Jiang Yun , Wen Tao , Lu Shun , Yao Lu , Meng Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThere is no consensus regarding the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of meningioma so far. We conducted the first study among Chinese female patients to investigate the influence of HRT use on the risk of meningioma.MethodsWe retrospectively collected records of diagnosis of meningioma for women aged 50 years and above during 2011–2016 and dispense of HRT prior to meningioma diagnosis in three tertiary hospitals in China. Meningioma cases were matched with controls at a ratio of 1:2 by using nearest neighbor propensity scores matching in order to balance the baseline characteristics between groups, which generated a total of 629 cases with 1258 controls.ResultsWe observed prior use of HRT associated with increased risk of meningioma (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–1.4) and the association was more prominent among women having multiple HRT dispenses and longer term exposure (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6), among those with combination therapy of estrogens and progestogens (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7) than monotherapy, and among progestogen users than estrogen users as for monotherapy. Furthermore, vaginal, subcutaneous implant seems to be associated with a higher risk of meningioma compared with oral administration although no significance had been reached.ConclusionThis case–control study provides evidence that hormone use for an HRT purpose might constitute the development and growth of meningioma as an independent risk factor, especially for combination therapy and/or long‐term users, which supports that meningioma might be a hormone‐sensitive tumor.
Elective egg freezing without medical indications
Authors: Alteri Alessandra , Pisaturo Valerio , Nogueira Daniela , D'Angelo Arianna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this review is to provide current knowledge on fertility preservation for non‐medical reasons in women willing to postpone childbearing. The topic is highly debatable, starting from disagreement about its terminology, the number of eggs necessary to predict chances of success, and the safety and socio/ethical point of view. Cost analysis and discrepancies among countries’ recommendations and regulations are described to confirm the controversies and unsolved issues around this very interesting topic. Finally, an overview on the returning rate of women among “egg bankers” and reasons behind their decisions are illustrated.
A prospective study of the incidence of drug‐induced liver injury by the modern volatile anaesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane
Authors: Bishop Bridget , Hannah Nicholas , Doyle Adam , Amico Francesco , Hockey Brad , Moore David , Sood Siddharth , Gorelik Alexandra , Liew Danny , Njoku Dolores , Nicoll Amanda 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundVolatile anaesthetics are known to cause drug‐induced liver injury, a hepatotoxic reaction characterised by antibodies to trifluoroacetylated lipid and protein adducts and cytochrome p450 2E1. The incidence of volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury from older agents has been described, but modern agents have not been prospectively studied.AimTo determine prospectively the incidence of volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury from sevoflurane and desflurane.MethodsAdult surgical patients with a predicted post‐operative stay of at least 4 days were recruited. If volatile anaesthetic was administered, liver biochemistry was performed regularly. Medications, observations and other investigations were documented. Patients with abnormal liver biochemistry were classified as likely volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury or not based on clinical assessment, Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method score, and the absence of other likely pathology. Some patients were also tested for antibodies to both trifluoroacetylated lipid and protein adducts, and cytochrome p450 2E1.ResultsA total of 209 patients were recruited, of which 121 were included for analysis. Post‐operative liver biochemistry was abnormal in 62 patients (51.2%); further classified as not volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury in 47 cases (38.8%), and likely volatile anaesthetic‐drug induced liver injury in 15 cases (12.4%). Of the likely volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury patients, only one had severe disease with alanine transaminase greater than five times the upper limit of normal, while four cases had moderate disease with alanine transaminase greater than three times the upper limit of normal. Thus, the incidence of clinically significant volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury was 4.1%. No risk factors were identified.ConclusionsVolatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury from modern agents seems to be as common (4.1%) as previously reported with older agents (3%), and may identify patients at risk of severe acute liver injury with subsequent re‐exposure.
β‐Adrenoceptor activation affects galectin‐3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in heart disease
Authors: Du Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Wei‐Bo , Nguyen My‐Nhan , Lu Qun , Kiriazis Helen 
Published: February 2019

Myocardial fibrosis is a key histopathological component that drives the progression of heart disease leading to heart failure and constitutes a therapeutic target. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have implicated galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) as a pro‐fibrotic molecule and a biomarker of heart disease and fibrosis. However, our knowledge is poor on the mechanism(s) that determine the blood level or regulate cardiac expression of Gal‐3. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced β‐adrenoceptor activity is a determinant of both circulating concentration and cardiac expression of Gal‐3. Pharmacological or transgenic activation of β‐adrenoceptors leads to increased blood levels of Gal‐3 and up‐regulated cardiac Gal‐3 expression, effect that can be reversed with the use of β‐adrenoceptor antagonists. Conversely, Gal‐3 gene deletion confers protection against isoprenaline‐induced cardiotoxicity and fibrogenesis. At the transcription level, β‐adrenoceptor stimulation activates cardiac mammalian sterile‐20‐like kinase 1, a pivotal kinase of the Hippo signalling pathway, which is associated with Gal‐3 up‐regulation. Recent studies have suggested a role for the β‐adrenoceptor‐Hippo signalling pathway in the regulation of cardiac Gal‐3 expression thereby contributing to the onset and progression of heart disease. This implies a therapeutic potential of the suppression of Gal‐3 expression. In this review, we discuss the effects of β‐adrenoceptor activity on Gal‐3 as a biomarker and causative mediator in the setting of heart disease and point out pivotal knowledge gaps.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
Small‐molecule inhibition of prostaglandin E receptor 2 impairs cyclooxygenase‐associated malignant glioma growth
Authors: Qiu Jiange , Li Qianqian , Bell Katherine A. , Yao Xue , Du Yifeng , Zhang Erik , Yu Jane J. , Yu Ying , Shi Zhi , Jiang Jianxiong 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeAn up‐regulation of COX‐2 in malignant gliomas causes excessive synthesis of PGE2, which is thought to facilitate brain tumour growth and invasion. However, which downstream PGE2 receptor subtype (i.e., EP1–EP4) directly contributes to COX activity‐promoted glioma growth remains largely unknown.Experimental ApproachUsing a publicly available database from The Cancer Genome Atlas research network, we compared the expression of PGE2 signalling‐associated genes in human lower grade glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples. The Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to determine the relationship between their expression and survival probability. A time‐resolved FRET method was used to identify the EP subtype that mediates COX‐2/PGE2‐initiated cAMP signalling in human GBM cells. Taking advantage of a recently identified novel selective bioavailable brain‐permeable small‐molecule antagonist, we studied the effect of pharmacological inhibition of the EP2 receptor on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.Key ResultsThe EP2 receptor is a key Gαs‐coupled receptor that mediates COX‐2/PGE2‐initiated cAMP signalling pathways in human malignant glioma cells. Inhibition of EP2 receptors reduced COX‐2 activity‐driven GBM cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and caused cell cycle arrest at G0–G1 and apoptosis of GBM cells. Glioma cell growth in vivo was also substantially decreased by post‐treatment with an EP2 antagonist in both subcutaneous and intracranial tumour models.Conclusion and ImplicationsTaken together, our results suggest that PGE2 signalling via the EP2 receptor increases the malignant potential of human glioma cells and might represent a novel therapeutic target for GBM.
Die Wirksamkeit der Radiofrequenztherapie mit isolierten Mikronadeln zur Reduktion von hervortretenden infraorbitalen Fettpolstern
Authors: Shin Jung‐Won , Park Jung‐Tae , Chae Je‐Byeong , Choi Ji‐Young , Na Jung‐Im , Park Kyoung‐Chan , Huh Chang‐Hun 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungenDie konventionellen Therapieoptionen zur Reduktion von infraorbitalen Fett depots (gemeinhin auch als Tränensäcke bezeichnet) sind im Allgemeinen auf chirurgische Verfahren beschränkt. In letzter Zeit wurden jedoch zahlreiche Versuche unternommen, um diesem Schönheitsfehler mit nichtchirurgischen Interventionen zu begegnen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit eines Radiofrequenzsystems mit isolierten Mikronadeln zur Behandlung von infraorbitalen Fett depots zu untersuchen.MethodenDies ist eine monozentrische Studie mit Vorher‐Nachher‐Vergleich. Zweiundzwanzig Probanden mit infraorbitalen Fettansammlungen wurden mit einem micro‐insulated needle radiofrequency system zweimal in einem Abstand von vier Wochen behandelt. Bei jeder Sitzung wurden nacheinander zwei Nadelaufsätze mit teilisolierten Nadeln unterschiedlicher Länge eingesetzt. Mit einem dreidimensionalen Photogrammetrie‐System wurden die Veränderungen der infraorbitalen Fettpolster objektiv vermessen. Das Ergebnis wurde darüber hinaus vom Untersucher mit Hilfe des Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) Scores beurteilt.ErgebnisseDas durchschnittliche Ausmaß der Fettpolster hatte sich nach zwölf Wochen signifikant verringert und dieser Zustand blieb bis Woche 24 erhalten. Der IGA‐Score veringerte sich nach vier Wochen signifikant, nahm bis zur Woche 12 weiter ab und blieb anschließend bis zur Woche 24 erhalten. Bis auf Schwellungen und Blutergüsse am Unterlid, die nach etwa einer Woche abgeheilt waren, gab es keine Nebenwirkungen.FazitDie Radiofrequenztherapie mit isolierten Mikronadeln ist eine effektive und nebenwirkungsarme Therapieoption, um infraorbitale Fettdepots zu behandeln.
Hand eczema among Dutch beekeepers – a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oosterhaven Jart A. F. , Verbist Julia , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesStudies of beekeepers have mostly focused on contact allergy to propolis. The overall prevalence of hand eczema (HE) in beekeepers has not been studied. Our objectives were to gain insight into the prevalence of HE in the Dutch beekeeper population; to define the impact of beekeeping activities on HE and vice versa; and to determine associated factors.Patients and methodsWe used a cross‐sectional online survey. Dutch beekeepers answered questions on beekeeping activities, the prevalence and characteristics of HE, including severity, and the impact of the disease on beekeeping.ResultsWe analyzed 833 surveys (12 % of Dutch beekeepers). The one‐year prevalence of HE was 13.2 %, and the lifetime prevalence was 20.5 %. In 28 patch‐tested beekeepers with hand eczema, eight (28.6 %) were allergic to propolis. Atopic dermatitis was the only variable associated with HE: the odds ratio was 4.53 (95 % confidence interval 2.78–7.38). One in three beekeepers reported that HE was caused or worsened by beekeeping, although only 3.8 % reported working less at beekeeping because of HE, and the impact of HE on beekeeping activities (as perceived by beekeepers) is low.ConclusionsIn this sample of Dutch beekeepers, hand eczema was more prevalent than in the general population, but seems to have had little impact on the beekeeping activities of the majority of beekeepers.
Uric acid and the cardio‐renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors
Authors: Bailey Clifford J. 
Published: February 2019

Sodium/glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which lower blood glucose by increasing renal glucose elimination, have been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) and renal events in type 2 diabetes. This has been ascribed, in part, to haemodynamic changes, body weight reduction and several possible effects on myocardial, endothelial and tubulo‐glomerular functions, as well as to reduced glucotoxicity. This review evaluates evidence that an effect of SGLT2 inhibitors to lower uric acid may also contribute to reduced cardio‐renal risk.Chronically elevated circulating uric acid concentrations are associated with increased risk of hypertension, CV disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The extent to which uric acid contributes to these conditions, either as a cause or an aggravating factor, remains unclear, but interventions that reduce urate production or increase urate excretion in hyperuricaemic patients have consistently improved cardio‐renal prognoses. Uric acid concentrations are often elevated in type 2 diabetes, contributing to the “metabolic syndrome” of CV risk. Treating type 2 diabetes with an SGLT2 inhibitor increases uric acid excretion, reduces circulating uric acid and improves parameters of CV and renal function. This raises the possibility that the lowering of uric acid by SGLT2 inhibition may assist in reducing adverse CV events and slowing progression of CKD in type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibition might also be useful in the treatment of gout and gouty arthritis, especially when co‐existent with diabetes.
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) treated with romiplostim in routine clinical practice: retrospective study from the United Kingdom ITP Registry
Authors: Doobaree Indraraj Umesh , Newland Adrian , McDonald Vickie , Nandigam Raghava , Mensah Lesley , Leroy Sandrine , Seesaghur Anouchka , Patel Hitan , Wetten Sally , Provan Drew 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRomiplostim is a thrombopoietin‐mimetic peptibody for adult refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We aimed to describe ITP patients receiving romiplostim, platelet counts and romiplostim usage in UK clinical practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients in the UKITP Registry who received romiplostim between October 2009 and January 2015, including data up to 6 months before romiplostim initiation through follow‐up.ResultsOf 1440 patients in the UKITP Registry, 118 adults with primary ITP were eligible. Before romiplostim, 22% had splenectomy, 12% received platelet transfusion, 97% received ≥ 1 different ITP medication and 77% received ≥ 3. Most patients (73%) initiated romiplostim ≥ 1 year after ITP diagnosis (chronic phase). The mean duration of romiplostim treatment was 5.7 (SE 0.9) months, and the median was 1.4 months (IQR: 0.2, 6.5). Mean platelet count before romiplostim was 38 × 109/L, rising to 103 × 109/L within 1 month, and remaining 50‐150 × 109/L through up to 3 years of follow‐up. After romiplostim, 4% of patients had splenectomy, 6% received platelet transfusion, and 57% received just one ITP medication other than romiplostim.ConclusionThe study provides valuable insights into the real‐world use of romiplostim in primary ITP in routine practice and highlighted the timing of romiplostim initiation at different ITP disease phases.
Sensitivity analysis of C and N modules in biogeochemical crop and grassland models following manure addition to soil
Authors: Cavalli Daniele , Bellocchi Gianni , Corti Martina , Marino Gallina Pietro , Bechini Luca 
Published: February 2019

Process‐based crop and grassland models estimating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics are widely used to investigate best management practices in agriculture. They integrate several processes in a complex structure, but studies where modules corresponding to specific processes extracted from the whole model structure are assessed independently are uncommon. With the support of documented aerobic incubation trials in manure‐amended soils, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the C–N cycling processes of four modules (MOD1–4), corresponding to the models APSIM, EPIC, FASSET and STICS. The results showed that the parameter ‘substrate use efficiency’ had the most effect on the predicted values of net CO2 emissions and net N mineralization, together with the C/N ratio of the soil microbial biomass. They explained 74–75% on average of both output variances, whereas parameters determining manure C and N partitioning and first‐order decomposition constants of manure pools explained, on average, an additional 17–19%. Efforts should be focused on calibrating these parameters for more accurate simulations. The greater sensitivity of both outputs to parameters related to manure pools in more complex modules (MOD2–4) facilitates their adaptation to specific contexts, whereas MOD1 probably requires that parameters related to soil pools are also adapted to specific applications. Parameter interactions were limited, becoming noticeable only in situations of N‐limited soil organic matter decomposition. Models MOD1 and MOD3 allowed the C/N ratio of the soil microbial biomass to vary temporarily; therefore, they were less sensitive to mineral N availability and more easily adapted to a wide range of situations. This study provides essential information to support the development of state‐of‐the‐art biogeochemical models.Highlights

We compared four C–N modules embedded in process‐based biogeochemical models.
We used sensitivity analysis to assess the simulation of manure decomposition in soil.
We identified a few parameters that influenced CO2 emissions and N mineralization.
We found that substrate use efficiency explained most of the output variance for all models.
Linked digital archives and the historical publishing world: An Australasian perspective
Authors: Bones Helen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ARCHIVER project (Angus & Robertson Collection for Humanities and Education Research), based at Western Sydney University, is developing a model for curating digitally accessible versions of print‐based manuscript collections that has the potential to transform humanities research. Using structured, linked metadata concepts, “Linked Archives” allows archival collections to be connected in new ways and facilitates complex meta‐analyses of associated data between and across these collections to achieve results that would be impossible using traditional methods alone. Our current dataset consists of the records of key Australasian publishing companies from the 20th century. This paper will demonstrate the potential of this approach, when applied to this dataset, for examining the underlying infrastructure and networks of the book trade, and thus the creation of literary culture in Australasia and beyond.
Psychiatric nursing staffs’ attitudes towards the use of containment methods in psychiatric inpatient care: An integrative review
Authors: Laukkanen Emilia , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Louheranta Olavi , Kuosmanen Lauri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne of the international objectives in psychiatric care is reducing the use of coercion. Containment methods are meant to keep patients safe, yet usually include coercion. Nurses play a key role in deciding whether or not containment should be used and, as such, their attitudes towards containment can significantly impact the extent to which these methods are applied. The aim of this integrative review was to identify, analyse, and synthesize the available research on psychiatric nursing staffs’ attitudes towards containment methods in inpatient psychiatric care. An electronic search was conducted using the CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. In addition, the citations of identified studies were screened for relevant research. A total of 24 relevant papers published between 2002 and 2017 were selected for further analysis. These studies revealed variation in nursing staffs’ attitudes towards the use of containment methods. The use of containment methods seems to be widely accepted and nurses reported rarely considering alternative measures. It appears that attitudes towards containment have continuously become more negative, although the change has not been very pronounced. The concept of attitude was only defined in two studies. Thus, future research should strive to clarify this concept, as a generally accepted definition for attitude within nursing research and the utilization of all dimensions of this concept are both essential to the nursing field. Currently, it would be important to focus on changing attitudes among psychiatric nursing staff to reduce the use of containment methods; this calls for more research on nursing staffs’ attitudes.
Influence of atmospheres on the dielectric properties of calcium copper titanate ceramics
Authors: Samarakoon Disna P. , Govindaraju Nirmal , Singh Raj N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCalcium Copper Titanate Ceramics (CaCu3Ti4O12; CCTO) are useful as capacitors because of the large dielectric constant. This study investigated the effect of testing atmospheres such as air and dry N2 on the stability and reproducibility of the electrical properties displayed by CCTO ceramics. Solid‐state reaction method is used to synthesize phase pure CCTO powders, which are used to fabricate dense samples by sintering. Samples with different microstructures are obtained by sintering at different temperatures of 1070 and 1100°C. AC impedance spectroscopy is used to study the effects of testing atmospheres, temperatures, microstructures, and frequency on the dielectric properties of the sintered samples. Highly irreproducible dielectric properties are observed upon testing in ambient conditions. Stable and reproducible dielectric properties are only obtained in dry N2. Re‐exposing the same CCTO samples back into ambient air after treating in dry N2 restored irreproducibility. The results from this study suggested that the role of moisture/air in the ambient on the dielectric properties should not be over‐looked and is expected to play a key role in controlling the stability of dielectric properties of CCTO. This new approach of characterizing the CCTO ceramics can be used as guidelines to eliminate hysteresis due to ambient atmosphere and to produce stable and reproducible dielectric properties useful as capacitors.