bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is communication of vaccines in traditional media: a systematic review
Authors: Catalan-Matamoros Daniel , Peñafiel-Saiz Carmen 
Published: June 2018

Aim: Taking into account that a key determinant in public approval of vaccinations is how the media constructs and frames messages about vaccination programmes, our aim is to review communication studies exploring media coverage of vaccines within traditional media venues. Methods: Using a registered protocol (PROSPERO: 42017072849), a systematic review was conducted that searched in three international electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the International Bibliography of Social Science) for articles published between 2007 and 2017 following content-analysis methods. The characteristics and outcomes were systematically identified and described. The search yielded 24 eligible studies that were further analysed in the review. Results: Media coverage of vaccines has been largely studied during the last decade. Findings revealed that 62% ( n = 15) of studies analysed the human papillomavirus vaccine, 87% ( n = 21) examined newspapers, and 62% ( n = 15) examined North American media. In relation to media content analyses, 75% found negative messages on vaccines and 83% identified a lack of accurate information. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests an agenda for further research. There is a significant need to analyse other types of traditional media beyond newspapers. Future studies should focus on other geographical areas such as low-income countries and on analysing visual materials and digital media. We found that negative messages and inaccurate information are common in media coverage on vaccines; therefore, further research focusing on these topics is needed. Officials in public health organizations should develop a close collaboration with the media to improve public communication on vaccines.
Comparative Usability Study of a Newly Created Patient-Centered Tool and Medicare.gov Plan Finder to Help Medicare Beneficiaries Choose Prescription Drug Plans
Authors: Stults Cheryl D , Fattahi Sayeh , Meehan Amy , Bundorf M Kate , Chan Albert S , Pun Ting , Tai-Seale Ming 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: In response to reported difficulties in selecting a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan, we designed a patient-centered online Part D plan selection tool (CHOICE1.0) to simplify the selection process and to provide personalized, expert recommendations. Methods: This ethnographic comparative usability study observed 44 patients using the first version of the tool during Medicare 2016 Open Enrollment. Participants were observed as they chose their drug plan using Medicare.gov and 1 of 3 versions of CHOICE1.0 that varied in amount of expert guidance. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze exit survey data. The observations were video-recorded, and field notes were analyzed thematically. Results: Participants were significantly more satisfied with CHOICE1.0 for choosing a plan, understanding information, and ease of use compared to Medicare.gov . Those using expert versions of CHOICE1.0 were more likely to indicate their intention to switch plans than those using Medicare.gov , though they wanted to know the source and content. Conclusion: The more patient-centered prescription drug choice tool improved user experience and enabled users to choose plans more consistent with expert recommendations.
Mass cytometry of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals a CD4+ regulatory T-cell–rich and exhausted T-effector microenvironment
Authors: Cader Fathima Zumla , Schackmann Ron C. J. , Hu Xihao , Wienand Kirsty , Redd Robert , Chapuy Bjoern , Ouyang Jing , Paul Nicole , Gjini Evisa , Lipschitz Mikel , Armand Philippe , Wu David , Fromm Jonathan R. , Neuberg Donna , Liu X. Shirley , Rodig Scott J. , Shipp Margaret A. 
Published: June 2018

Key PointsNewly diagnosed primary cHLs have a concomitant increase in CD4+ Th1-polarized Tregs and differentiated Teffs. Primary cHLs exhibit 2 major complementary bases of immunosuppression: likely exhausted PD-1+ Th1 Teffs and active PD-1− Th1 Tregs.
Increased liver stiffness in patients with severe sleep apnoea and metabolic comorbidities
Authors: Trzepizur Wojciech , Boursier Jérôme , Le Vaillant Marc , Ducluzeau Pierre-Henri , Dubois Séverine , Henni Samir , Abraham Pierre , Aubé Christophe , Calès Paul , Gagnadoux Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), one of the most accurate noninvasive screening tools for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The study included 147 patients with at least one criterion for the metabolic syndrome, assessed by polysomnography for suspected OSA. LSM was performed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Significant liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis were defined as LSM ≥7.3 and ≥9.6 kPa, respectively.23 patients were excluded because of unreliable LSM. Among 124 patients, 34 (27.4%) had mild OSA, 38 (30.6%) had moderate OSA and 52 (42.0%) had severe OSA. LSM values were 7.3– <9.6 kPa in 18 (14.5%) patients and ≥9.6 kPa in 15 (12.1%) patients. A dose–response relationship was observed between OSA severity and LSM values (p=0.004). After adjustment for age, sex, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, severe OSA was associated with an increased risk of LSM ≥7.3 kPa (OR 7.17, 95% CI 2.51–20.50) and LSM ≥9.6 kPa (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.25–17.88).In patients with metabolic comorbidities, severe OSA is independently associated with increased liver stiffness, which may predispose to a higher risk of significant liver disease and poorer prognosis.
Reliability and correlates of cross‐sectional area of abductor hallucis and the medial belly of the flexor hallucis brevis measured by ultrasound
Authors: Latey Penelope J. , Burns Joshua , Nightingale Elizabeth J. , Clarke Jillian L. , Hiller Claire E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWeakness of the intrinsic foot muscles is thought to produce deformity, disability and pain. Assessing intrinsic foot muscles in isolation is a challenge; however ultrasound might provide a solution. The aims of this study were to assess the reproducibility of assessing the size of abductor halluces (AbH) and the medial belly of flexor hallucis brevis (FHBM) muscles, and identify their relationship with toe strength, foot morphology and balance.MethodsTwenty one participants aged 26–64 years were measured on two occasions for muscle cross‐sectional area using a Siemens Acuson X300 Ultrasound System with 5‐13 MHz linear array transducer. Great toe flexor strength was measured by pedobarography, the paper grip test and hand‐held dynamometry. Foot morphology was assessed by foot length, truncated foot length, Foot Posture Index (FPI) and dorsal arch height. Balance was measured by the maximal step test. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) were used to evaluate intra‐rater reliability. Pearson's correlation coefficients were performed to assess associations between muscle size and strength, morphology and balance measures. To account for the influence of physical body size, partial correlations were also performed controlling for truncated foot length.ResultsIntra‐rater reliability was excellent for AbH (ICC3,1 = 0.97) and FHBM (ICC3,1 = 0.96). Significant associations were found between cross‐sectional area of AbH and great toe flexion force measured standing by pedobarography (r = .623, p = .003),), arch height measured sitting (r = .597, p = .004) and standing (r = .590, p = .005), foot length (r = .582, p = 006), truncated foot length (r = .580, p = .006), balance (r = .443, p = .044), weight (r = .662, p = .001), height (r = .559, p = .008), and BMI (r = .502, p = .020). Significant associations were found between cross‐sectional area of FHBM and FPI (r = .544, p = .011), truncated foot length (r = .483, p = .027) and foot length (r = .451, p = .040). Significant partial associations were found between AbH and great toe flexion force in standing by pedobarography (r = .562, p = .012) and FHBM and the FPI (r = .631, p = .003).ConclusionsMeasuring the cross‐sectional area of AbH and FHBM with ultrasound is reproducible. Measures of strength, morphology and balance appear to relate more to the size of AbH than FHBM. After controlling for physical body size, cross‐sectional area of AbH remained a significant correlate of great toe flexor strength and might be a useful biomarker to measure early therapeutic response to exercise.
The safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: de Jong Ben , Schuppers Anne Sophie , Kruisdijk-Gerritsen Arriette , Arbouw Maurits Erwin Leo , van den Oever Hubertus Laurentius Antonius , van Zanten Arthur R. H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Studies evaluating nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms in ICU patients have yielded conflicting results. We performed a randomised controlled double-blind pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of NRT in critically ill patients. Mechanically ventilated patients admitted to two medical–surgical intensive care units and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day before ICU admission were enrolled in this study. Participants were randomised to transdermal NRT (14 or 21 mg per day) or placebo until ICU discharge or day 30. Smoking status was confirmed by the biomarkers serum cotinine and urinary NNAL. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Among secondary endpoints and post hoc endpoints, 90-day mortality, safety, time spent without delirium, sedation and coma, and patient destination at day 30 were addressed.

Results
We enrolled 47 patients. No differences were found between NRT and control group patients concerning 30-day mortality (9.5 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.84) and 90-day mortality (14.3 vs. 19.2%, p = 0.67). The number of serious adverse events was comparable between groups (NRT: 4, control: 11, p = 0.13). At day 20, average time alive without delirium, sedation and coma was 16.6 days among NRT patients versus 12.6 days among control patients (p = 0.03). At day 30, more NRT group patients were discharged from the ICU or hospital compared with controls (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
NRT did not affect mortality or the number of (serious) adverse events compared with placebo. Time alive without delirium, sedation and coma at day 20 in NRT patients was longer than in control patients. An adequately powered randomised controlled trial to further study safety and efficacy of NRT in ICU patients seems feasible and is warranted.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01362959, registered 1 June 2011
Phase III study of taselisib (GDC-0032) + fulvestrant (FULV) v FULV in patients (pts) with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, PIK3CA-mutant (MUT), locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Primary analysis from SANDPIPER.
Authors: Baselga Jose , Dent Susan Faye , Cortés Javier , Im Young-Hyuck , Diéras Véronique , Harbeck Nadia , Krop Ian E. , Verma Sunil , Wilson Timothy R. , Jin Huan , Wang Lijia , Schimmoller Frauke , Hsu Jerry Y. , He Jing , DeLaurentiis Michelino , Drullinsky Pamela , Jacot William 
Published: June 2018

LBA1006 Background: Taselisib, a potent, selective PI3K inhibitor, has enhanced activity in PIK3CA-MUT BC cell lines and confirmed partial responses in PIK3CA-MUT BC as a single-agent or with FULV. We assessed taselisib + FULV in pts with ER-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-MUT locally advanced or MBC. Methods: SANDPIPER (NCT02340221) is a double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, randomized, phase III study. Postmenopausal pts with disease recurrence or progression during or after an aromatase inhibitor were randomized 2:1 to receive taselisib (4 mg oral, qd) or PBO + FULV (500 mg). Stratification factors were: visceral disease, endocrine sensitivity, and geographic region. Pts with PIK3CA-MUT tumors, assessed by central cobas PIK3CA Mutation Test, were randomized separately from non-MUT tumors. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (INV-PFS) in pts with PIK3CA-MUT tumors. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of objective response (DoR), PFS by blinded independent central review (BICR-PFS), and safety. Results: 516 pts were randomized in the PIK3CA-MUT intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Efficacy is shown in the Table. Taselisib + FULV significantly improved INV-PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70) as confirmed by BICR-PFS (HR 0.66). OS is immature. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs; preferred terms) in the taselisib + FULV arm in safety-evaluable pts who received ≥ 1 dose of treatment were diarrhea (12%), hyperglycemia (10%), colitis (3%), and stomatitis (2%). AEs led to more taselisib discontinuations (17% v 2%) and dose reductions (37% v 2%), v PBO. Conclusions: Taselisib + FULV significantly improved INV-PFS, v PBO + FULV, in pts with ER-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-MUT locally advanced or MBC. The safety profile is largely consistent with previous studies. Clinical trial information: NCT02340221. [Table: see text]
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Progressive Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors Treated With 177Lu-Dotatate in the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial
Authors: Strosberg Jonathan , Wolin Edward , Chasen Beth , Kulke Matthew , Bushnell David , Caplin Martyn , Baum Richard P. , Kunz Pamela , Hobday Timothy , Hendifar Andrew , Oberg Kjell , Sierra Maribel Lopera , Thevenet Thomas , Margalet Ines , Ruszniewski Philippe , Krenning Eric ,   on behalf of the NETTER-1 Study Group
Published: June 2018

Purpose Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) progression is associated with deterioration in quality of life (QoL). We assessed the impact of 177Lu-Dotatate treatment on time to deterioration in health-related QoL. Methods The NETTER-1 trial is an international phase III study in patients with midgut NETs. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 177Lu-Dotatate versus high-dose octreotide. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaires QLQ C-30 and G.I.NET-21 were assessed during the trial to determine the impact of treatment on health-related QoL. Patients completed the questionnaires at baseline and every 12 weeks until tumor progression. QoL scores were converted to a 100-point scale according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer instructions, and individual changes from baseline scores were assessed. Time to QoL deterioration (TTD) was defined as the time from random assignment to the first QoL deterioration ≥ 10 points for each patient in the corresponding domain scale. All analyses were conducted on the intention-to-treat population. Patients with no deterioration were censored at the last QoL assessment date. Results TTD was significantly longer in the 177Lu-Dotatate arm (n = 117) versus the control arm (n = 114) for the following domains: global health status (hazard ratio [HR], 0.406), physical functioning (HR, 0.518), role functioning (HR, 0.580), fatigue (HR, 0.621), pain (HR, 0.566), diarrhea (HR, 0.473), disease-related worries (HR, 0.572), and body image (HR, 0.425). Differences in median TTD were clinically significant in several domains: 28.8 months versus 6.1 months for global health status, and 25.2 months versus 11.5 months for physical functioning. Conclusion This analysis from the NETTER-1 phase III study demonstrates that, in addition to improving progression-free survival, 177Lu-Dotatate provides a significant QoL benefit for patients with progressive midgut NETs compared with high-dose octreotide.
Cardiac Structure and Function in Morbidly Obese Parturients: An Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Buddeberg Bigna S. , Fernandes Nicole L. , Vorster Adri , Cupido Blanche J. , Lombard Carl J. , Swanevelder Justiaan L. , Girard Thierry , Dyer Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide is a major threat to global health. Cardiac structural and functional changes are well documented for obesity as well as for pregnancy, but there is limited literature on morbidly obese parturients. We hypothesized that there are both cardiac structural and functional differences between morbidly obese pregnant women and pregnant women of normal body mass index (BMI).

METHODS:
This prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 2 referral maternity units in Cape Town, South Africa, over a 3-month period. Forty morbidly obese pregnant women of BMI ≥40 kg·m−2 (group O) were compared to 45 pregnant women of BMI ≤30 kg·m−2 (group N). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, according to the recommendations of the British Society of Echocardiography. The 2-sample t-test with unequal variances was used for the comparison of the mean values between the groups.

RESULTS:
Acceptable echocardiographic images were obtained in all obese women. Statistical significance was defined as P < .0225 after applying the Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple testing. Mean (standard deviation) mean arterial pressure was higher in group O (91 [8.42] vs 84 [9.49] mm Hg, P < .001). There were no between-group differences in heart rate, stroke volume, or cardiac index (84 [12] vs 79 [13] beats·minute−1, P = .103; 64.4 [9.7] vs 59.5 [13.5] mL, P = .069; 2551 [474] vs 2729 [623] mL·minute−1·m−2, P = .156, for groups O and N, respectively). Stroke volume index was lower, and left ventricular mass was higher in group O (30.14 [4.51] vs 34.25 [7.00] mL·m−2, P = .003; 152 [24] vs 115 [29] g, P < .001). S′ septal was lower in group O (8.43 [1.20] vs 9.25 [1.64] cm·second−1, P = .012). Considering diastolic function, isovolumetric relaxation time was significantly prolonged in group O (73 [15] vs 61 [15] milliseconds, P < .001). The septal tissue Doppler index E′ septal was lower in group O (9.08 [1.69] vs 11.28 [3.18], P < .001). There were no between-group differences in E′ average (10.7 [2.3] vs 12.0 [2.7], P = .018, O versus N) or E/E′ average (7.85 [1.77] vs 7.27 [1.68], P = .137, O versus N). Right ventricular E′/A′ was lower in group O (1.07 [0.47] vs 1.29 [0.32], P = .016).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac index did not differ between obese pregnant women and those with normal BMI. Their increased left ventricular mass and lower stroke volume index could indicate a limited adaptive reserve. Obese women had minor decreases in septal left ventricular tissue Doppler velocity, but the E/E′ average values did not suggest clinically significant diastolic dysfunction.
Reversal learning paradigm reveals deficits in cognitive flexibility in the Fmr1 knockout male mouse
Authors: Nolan Suzanne O. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Loss of FMR1 is associated with Fragile X syndrome, amongst the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability. Despite extensive research in this area, previous studies have failed to detect consistent evidence of cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze (MWM) task in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse. However, few studies have examined cognitive flexibility in a reversal form of the MWM task, which may illuminate subtle learning deficits. Methods: Adult male Fmr1 wildtype (WT) and KO mice were bred and tested in the MWM reversal paradigm. The testing paradigm consisted of two blocks per day, with 4 trials per block to locate a hidden platform. After the last trials on the fourth day of testing, the animals were given a probe trial with the platform removed. The following week, the location of the platform was switched to the opposite quadrant and the animals received 2 more days of testing, with 4 blocks in total. Results: As expected, Fmr1 KO mice did not display a learning deficit during the acquisition phase, Fgenotype (1, 24) = 0.034, p = 0.854, and performed similarly on the probe trial, Fgenotype (1, 23) = 0.024, p = 0.877. However, during the reversal phase of learning, Fmr1 KO mice showed deficits in their ability to learn the new location of the platform, Fgenotype (1, 23) = 3.93, p = 0.059. Further independent samples t-testing revealed that KO animals displayed significantly higher latency to reach the hidden platform during the third trial, t(23) = -2.96, p < 0.01. Conclusions: While previous studies have not demonstrated deficits in spatial memory in the Fmr1 KO model, it is possible that the acquisition phase of the task is less sensitive to deficits in learning. Future studies using this model to evaluate therapeutic interventions should consider utilizing the MWM reversal paradigm.
Sobre el origen del valor frecuentativo de saber + infinitivo
Authors: Zieliński Andrzej 
Published: June 2018

On the Origin of the Frequentative Meaning of <saber + infinitivo>The main purpose of this paper is to offer a new proposal about the origin of the frequentative meaning of the verbal periphrasis , different from Vázquez’s (1980) hypothesis of a loan-translation from Quechua, and from Lida de Malkiel’s (1948) interpretation of this as a cultism. Furthermore, the semantic trajectory that the auxiliary verb has followed will be traced.
Role of Intelligence Inputs in Defending Against Cyber Warfare and Cyberterrorism
Authors: Bagchi Aniruddha , Bandyopadhyay Tridib 
Published: June 2018

This article examines the role of espionage in defending against cyber attacks on infrastructural firms. We analyze the problem using a game between a government, an infrastructural firm, and an attacker. If the attacker successfully breaches the IT security defenses of the infrastructural firm, primary losses accrue to that firm, while widespread collateral losses accrue to the rest of the economy. The government assists the infrastructural firm by providing intelligence inputs about an impending attack. We find that subject to some conditions, expenditure on intelligence adds value only when its amount exceeds a threshold level. Also, the nature of the equilibrium depends on the level of government expenditure in intelligence. We find that the optimal level of intelligence expenditure can change in seemingly unexpected ways in response to a shift in parameters. For example, reduced vulnerability of the infrastructural firm does not necessarily imply a reduction in intelligence-gathering effort. We also exhibit circumstances under which a system of centralized security in which the government regulates both intelligence gathering as well as the system inspection regime of the infrastructural firm may not always be desirable because of strategic interactions between the players. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2018.0370 .
Contracting in Medical Equipment Maintenance Services: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Chan Tian Heong , de Véricourt Francis , Besbes Omar 
Published: June 2018

Maintenance service plans (MSPs) are contracts for the provision of maintenance by a service provider to an equipment operator. These plans can have different payment structures and risk allocations, which induce various types of incentives for agents in the service chain. How do such structures affect service performance and service chain value? We provide an empirical answer to this question by using unique panel data covering the sales and service records of more than 700 diagnostic body scanners. We exploit the presence of a standard warranty period and employ a matching approach to isolate the incentive effects of MSPs from the confounding effects of endogenous contract selection. We find that moving the equipment operator from a basic, pay-per-service plan to a fixed-fee, full-protection plan not only reduces reliability but also increases equipment service costs. Furthermore, that increase is driven by both the operator and the service provider. Our results indicate that incentive effects arising from MSPs leads to losses in service chain value, and we provide the first evidence that a basic pay-per-service plan—under which risk of equipment failure is borne by the operator—can improve performance and reduce costs. This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.