bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blind Modal Identification Using Limited Sensors through Modified Sparse Component Analysis by Time‐Frequency Method
Authors: Yao Xiao‐Jun , Yi Ting‐Hua , Qu Chunxu , Li Hong‐Nan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOutput‐only modal identification with limited sensors available may be encountered in practical applications. Sparse component analysis (SCA), which is one of the most popular methods among blind source separation (BSS) techniques, is known as its capability for handling underdetermined BSS problems and nonstationary signals. Single‐source‐points (SSPs) where only one mode makes contribution are adopted to estimate the modal matrix. However, the accuracy of SSP detection is influenced by the number of sensors, because the detecting condition for SSPs may be satisfactory for multiple‐source‐points (MSPs). Besides, the estimation of frequencies and damping ratios is based on the sparse reconstruction of time‐frequency domain modal responses, where the number of sensors will have an impact on the accuracy. To improve the performance of blind modal identification using limited sensors, a method which is called SCA‐TF by modifying SCA through time‐frequency method is proposed in this paper. The TF representation in SCA is employed to modify the SSP detection process and identify frequencies and damping ratios instead of recovering the modal responses. In order to improve the accuracy of modal matrix estimation, the result of SSP detection is used as a preliminary for further refinement. Then the false SSPs are removed from the preliminary result through the power spectra which are constructed by short‐time Fourier transform coefficients. Subsequently, the estimation of modal matrix is accomplished by clustering the refined SSPs. Frequencies and damping ratios are extracted directly from the generalized spectra matrix which is formed by the short‐time Fourier transform coefficients. Because the identification of modal parameters is implemented directly in time‐frequency domain, the reconstruction of modal responses is omitted. The results of the numerical studies show that SCA‐TF can identify the modal parameters accurately. To investigate the performance of SCA‐TF in practical structures, the acceleration measurements from Tianjin Yonghe Bridge are analyzed to identify the modal parameters. The results of the Yonghe Bridge demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to perform blind modal identification in practical structures.
Does Evolution Conflict with God's Character?
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe core question that this article addresses is how the Darwinian evolutionary process of random mutation and natural selection relates to God's character, especially as portrayed in the Christian tradition. The main challenge is that the process of random mutation and natural selection generally favours well‐adapted individuals, whereas, in the Christian tradition, God is said to favour the weak and poor. I first spell out the problem in more detail and explain how it is different from other problems regarding the evolutionary process and God's character that can be found in the philosophical and theological literature. Subsequently, I draw attention to various misunderstandings, especially about the nature of Darwinian evolution. Doing so weakens the tension between Darwinian evolution and God's character, but does not provide a satisfactory solution. I therefore move on to discuss six attempts to solve the problem and argue that each of them is seriously wanting. Finally, I propose three lines of reasoning that jointly constitute a sufficiently plausible solution to the problem.
Gastrointestinal pathologists’ perspective on managing risk in the distal esophagus: convergence on a pragmatic approach
Authors: Bellizzi Andrew M. , Hafezi‐Bakhtiari Sara , Westerhoff Maria , Marginean E. Celia , Riddell Robert H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we discuss recent updates and a continuing controversy in the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus, specifically the recommendation that the irregular Z‐line not be biopsied, the diminished status of ultrashort‐segment Barrett's esophagus, the evidence basis for excluding and including the requirement of goblet cells for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus, and the conclusion that histologically confirmed low‐grade dysplasia is best managed with endoscopic ablation rather than surveillance. We reference the American Gastroenterological Association and College of Gastroenterology and the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines throughout, with the thesis that the field is converging on the concept of applying scarce medical resources to the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of patients most likely to derive benefit.
Neural mechanisms of the link between giving social support and health
Authors: Inagaki Tristen K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGiving social support to others has emerged as an additional route by which social ties influence health. Thus, giving support to others not only influences the health of the individual receiving support, but also the health of the individual giving the support. However, the neural mechanisms by which giving support leads to health are only beginning to be explored. In hopes of consolidating and guiding future research on giving support and health, the current review considers why, how, and when giving support is health promoting. Special emphasis is placed on neural regions known to contribute to parental care in animals that both reinforce giving support behavior (ventral striatum and septal area) and reduce stress‐related responding (e.g., amygdala) to facilitate care. Hypothesized links between neural regions involved in giving support and peripheral physiology (sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and related inflammatory responding) are considered as well as the conditions under which giving support should be most beneficial for health. Finally, the implications of the current perspective for understanding how social relationships, more broadly, contribute to health and suggestions for future directions are offered.
White matter pathways as both a target and mediator of health behaviors
Authors: Porter Alexis , Leckie Regina , Verstynen Timothy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHealth behaviors arise from the dynamics of highly interconnected networks in the brain and variability in these networks drives individual differences in behavior. In this review, we show how many factors that predict the physical health of the body also correlate with variability of the myelinated fascicles, called white matter, that connect brain regions together. The general pattern present in the literature is that as predictors of physical health decline, there is often a coincident reduction in the integrity of major white matter pathways. We also highlight a plausible mechanism, inflammatory pathways, whereby health‐related activation of the immune system can impact the myelin sheath, a protective tissue that facilitates long range communication in the brain. The growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that degrading health in the periphery may disrupt the communication efficiency of the macroscopic neural circuits that mediate complex behaviors, which can in turn contribute to poorer physical health.
Axon initial segments: structure, function, and disease
Authors: Huang Claire Yu‐Mei , Rasband Matthew N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is located at the proximal axon and is the site of action potential initiation. This reflects the high density of ion channels found at the AIS. Adaptive changes to the location and length of the AIS can fine‐tune the excitability of neurons and modulate plasticity in response to activity. The AIS plays an important role in maintaining neuronal polarity by regulating the trafficking and distribution of proteins that function in somatodendritic or axonal compartments of the neuron. In this review, we provide an overview of the AIS cytoarchitecture, mechanism of assembly, and recent studies revealing mechanisms of differential transport at the AIS that maintain axon and dendrite identities. We further discuss how genetic mutations in AIS components (i.e., ankyrins, ion channels, and spectrins) and injuries may cause neurological disorders.
From automata to animate beings: the scope and limits of attributing socialness to artificial agents
Authors: Hortensius Ruud , Cross Emily S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms and consequences of attributing socialness to artificial agents has important implications for how we can use technology to lead more productive and fulfilling lives. Here, we integrate recent findings on the factors that shape behavioral and brain mechanisms that support social interactions between humans and artificial agents. We review how visual features of an agent, as well as knowledge factors within the human observer, shape attributions across dimensions of socialness. We explore how anthropomorphism and dehumanization further influence how we perceive and interact with artificial agents. Based on these findings, we argue that the cognitive reconstruction within the human observer is likely to be far more crucial in shaping our interactions with artificial agents than previously thought, while the artificial agent's visual features are possibly of lesser importance. We combine these findings to provide an integrative theoretical account based on the “like me” hypothesis, and discuss the key role played by the Theory‐of‐Mind network, especially the temporal parietal junction, in the shift from mechanistic to social attributions. We conclude by highlighting outstanding questions on the impact of long‐term interactions with artificial agents on the behavioral and brain mechanisms of attributing socialness to these agents.
Microbial and metabolic multi‐omic correlations in systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: Bellocchi Chiara , Fernández‐Ochoa Álvaro , Montanelli Gaia , Vigone Barbara , Santaniello Alessandro , Milani Christian , Quirantes‐Piné Rosa , Borrás‐Linares Isabel , Ventura Marco , Segura‐Carrettero Antonio , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta Eugenia , Beretta Lorenzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntestinal microbiota has been associated with systemic autoimmune diseases, yet the functional consequences of these associations are elusive. We characterized the fecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing) and the plasma metabolome (high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) in 59 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Microbial and metabolic data were cross‐correlated to find meaningful associations after extensive data mining analysis and internal validation. Our data show that a reduced model of nine bacteria is capable of differentiating HCs from SSc patients. SSc gut microbiota is characterized by a reduction in protective butyrate‐producing bacteria and by an increase in proinflammatory noxious genera, especially Desulfovibrio. From the metabolic point of view, a multivariate model with 17 metabolite intermediates well distinguished cases from controls. The most interesting peaks we found were identified as glycerophospholipid metabolites and benzene derivatives. The microbial and metabolic data showed significant interactions between Desulfovibrio and alpha‐N‐phenylacetyl‐l‐glutamine and 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Our data suggest that in SSc, intestinal microbiota is characterized by proinflammatory alterations subtly entwined with the metabolic state. Desulfovibrio is a relevant actor in gut dysbiosis that may promote intestinal damage and influence amino acid metabolism.
An isolated phlebolith found in buccal soft tissue: a rare case report
Authors: Scott J. , Morton A. , Stagnell S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe presence of an isolated phlebolith in oral soft tissue is a rare entity. This case presents the finding of a tender calcified mass situated in the buccal sulcus, adjacent to where the lower wisdom tooth was situated 5 years prior. Histological diagnosis of the lesion confirmed a phlebolith; to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of an isolated oral phlebolith, with no associated vascular malformation, arising after the surgical extraction of a wisdom tooth.Here, we discuss the case of a 27 year old female complaining of soreness in the right posterior buccal mucosa, adjacent to where the lower right wisdom tooth (LR8) was extracted 5 years ago. Clinical examination revealed a small, mobile firm lump within the buccal soft tissue. Radiographically, a well‐defined round lesion of mixed radiodensity was detected, indicating a calcified lesion. This was excised and histology confirmed it to be a phlebolith. This may have been caused by trauma from the surgical extraction of the LR8 or long‐buccal infiltration, as it presented in that specific location.Oral phleboliths rarely occur without associated vascular malformations; there have only been four other similar lesions reported in the literature to date. This is a rare but interesting complication that likely arose from the uneventful surgical procedure 5 years previously, and should be included in a differential diagnosis for calcified lesions in buccal soft tissue.
Trends in replacement of pacemaker leads in the Netherlands: A long‐term nationwide follow‐up study
Authors: de Vries L.M. , Leening M.J.G. , Dijk W.A. , Hooijschuur C.A.M. , Stricker B.H. , van Hemel N.M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to investigate trends over time in longevity and reasons for replacement with or without extraction of pacemaker leads after first implantation.MethodsData collected between 1984 and 2006 in the national Dutch pacemaker registry were used. This registry covered 84% of sold leads. First lead replacement with or without extraction of one or more leads implanted with a first pacemaker generator was the endpoint of interest. The time interval of and reason for first replacement were analyzed. A 7‐year follow‐up interval after first implantation was used to analyze changes over time.ResultsDuring 22 years of data collection, 138,225 leads were implanted with a first pacemaker generator. Within a mean 5.5 (SD 4.4) years for 7,377 patients one or more leads were extracted for the first time. In total, 8,849 leads (6.4%) were replaced or extracted. The main reasons for first replacement of leads with or without extraction were insulation failures (14.6%), infection (8.8%), displacement (7.6%), or for elective reasons (10.0%). The number of insulation failures peaked during 1991–1995.ConclusionsDespite improvements in pacing techniques and experience with cardiac devices, we found that insulation and conductor failures, and complications such as infections, did not diminish over the 20 years of the registry. Continuing attention in clinical practice for the evaluation of these adverse outcomes and maintaining quality registries is warranted, whereas manufacturers should use this information to further improve their devices.
Morphometric analysis of inter‐ and intraspecific variation in the Cambrian helcionelloid mollusc Mackinnonia
Authors: Jackson Illiam S. C. , Claybourn Thomas M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships within the helcionelloid molluscs have been difficult to establish. One of the reasons for this is that qualitative approaches to investigating morphological variation in this group have struggled to identify clear patterns. An alternative method of identifying these patterns is to study these organisms quantitatively. Here this approach is exemplified by employing morphometric methods to investigate patterns of subtle morphological variation in two species of Mackinnonia Runnegar in Bengtson et al. from Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3–4. Specifically, a combination of elliptical Fourier and multivariate analyses were conducted to study intra‐ and interspecific variation in protoconch form as well as variation in ontogenetic trajectory of the teleoconch of two species of Mackinnonia. The material used consists of two assemblages of Mackinnonia rostrata (Zhou & Xiao), from the Shackleton Limestone of Antarctica and Ajax Limestone of Australia, and an assemblage of Mackinnonia taconica (Landing & Bartowski) from the Bastion Formation of Greenland. Results of this study show significant (p < 0.0001) differences in protoconch shape between all three groups. Ontogenetic sequences of outline curves truncated at successive rugae significantly (p < 0.05) discriminate between M. rostrata and M. taconica. These techniques uncovered significant intraspecific morphological variation of disparate assemblages of M. rostrata despite shared qualitative features and structure a conceptual framework for understanding such patterns of variation and put this in the context of the incipient species concept.
The Ontario Birth Study: A prospective pregnancy cohort study integrating perinatal research into clinical care
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Knight Julia A. , Hung Rayjean J. , Hewko Sheryl L. , Seeto Ryan A. , Martin Mary‐Jean , Fleming Alison , Maguire Jonathon L. , Matthews Stephen G. , Murphy Kellie E. , Okun Nan , Jenkins Jennifer M. , Lye Stephen J. , Bocking Alan ,   the Ontario Birth Study Collaboration
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy and early childhood represent critical periods that impact health throughout the life‐course. The Ontario Birth Study (OBS) is a pregnancy cohort study designed as a platform for research on pregnancy complications, maternal and infant health, and the developmental origins of health and disease.MethodsPregnant women <17 weeks gestational age were recruited between 2013 and 2015 from antenatal clinics at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Life style and diet questionnaires, biospecimens, and clinical data were collected throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period at the time of clinical care. The OBS was integrated into clinical care to reduce participant burden, improve efficiency, and increase research potential.ResultsThere were 3181 eligible women approached for recruitment and 1374 (43%) participated in the study. Among the 1374 participants, 1272 (93%) delivered a liveborn infant and were followed to 6‐10 weeks postpartum. Of the 1272 women who completed the study, 98% had at least one pregnancy blood sample collected, 97% had vaginal swabs collected, 90% completed the prenatal life style questionnaires, and 78% completed the Diet History Questionnaire. Most women (88%) were ≥30 years of age, 55% had no previous children, 24% were overweight or obese pre‐pregnancy and 78% of parents had postsecondary education. Most pregnancies were singleton (3% twins), 34% delivered by caesarean section, and 6% preterm (<37 weeks gestation).ConclusionsThe OBS is a contemporary cohort with detailed data including banked biospecimens for studies of pregnancy health and the gene‐environment interactions that establish developmental trajectories to health, learning, and social functioning.
Comparing the Economic Impact of Natural Disasters Generated by Different Input–Output Models: An Application to the 2007 Chehalis River Flood (WA)
Authors: Avelino Andre F. T. , Dall'erba Sandy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDue to the concentration of assets in disaster‐prone zones, changes in risk landscape and in the intensity of natural events, property losses have increased considerably in recent decades. While measuring these stock damages is common practice in the literature, the assessment of economic ripple effects due to business interruption is still limited and available estimates tend to vary significantly across models. This article focuses on the most popular single‐region input–output models for disaster impact evaluation. It starts with the traditional Leontief model and then compares its assumptions and results with more complex methodologies (rebalancing algorithms, the sequential interindustry model, the dynamic inoperability input–output model, and its inventory counterpart). While the estimated losses vary across models, all the figures are based on the same event, the 2007 Chehalis River flood that impacted three rural counties in Washington State. Given that the large majority of floods take place in rural areas, this article gives the practitioner a thorough review of how future events can be assessed and guidance on model selection.
Mercury, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Selenium, and Fatty Acids in Tribal Fish Harvests of the Upper Great Lakes
Authors: Dellinger Matthew J. , Olson Jared T. , Holub Bruce J. , Ripley Michael P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority monitors fish contaminants in Anishinaabe (Great Lake Native American) tribal fisheries. This article updates previously reported trends in two persistent bioaccumulative toxic (PBT) substances that are the primary contributors to consumption advisory limits for these fish: methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Also, we report, for the first time, an analysis of nutritional benefit bioindicators and metrics in these same Upper Great Lakes fish harvests: selenium (Se) and omega‐3 fatty acids (PUFA‐3s). A novel risk/benefit quantification originally presented by Ginsberg et al. is reported here to characterize the tradeoffs between fatty acid benefits and toxic MeHg health outcomes. We also report a Se benefit metric to characterize the possible protective value against MeHg neurotoxicity based on Ralston et al. Congruent with Anishinaabe cultural motivations to consume fish from their ancestral fisheries, nutritional content was high in locally caught fish and, in some respects, superior to farmed/store‐bought fish. These Great Lakes fish still contained levels of PBTs that require careful education and guidance for consumers. However, the contaminant trends suggest that these fish need not be abandoned as important (both culturally and nutritionally) food sources for the Anishinaabe who harvested them.
Maximin Projection Learning for Optimal Treatment Decision with Heterogeneous Individualized Treatment Effects
Authors: Shi Chengchun , Song Rui , Lu Wenbin , Fu Bo 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA salient feature of data from clinical trials and medical studies is inhomogeneity. Patients not only differ in baseline characteristics, but also in the way that they respond to treatment. Optimal individualized treatment regimes are developed to select effective treatments based on patient's heterogeneity. However, the optimal treatment regime might also vary for patients across different subgroups. We mainly consider patients’ heterogeneity caused by groupwise individualized treatment effects assuming the same marginal treatment effects for all groups. We propose a new maximin projection learning method for estimating a single treatment decision rule that works reliably for a group of future patients from a possibly new subpopulation. Based on estimated optimal treatment regimes for all subgroups, the proposed maximin treatment regime is obtained by solving a quadratically constrained linear programming problem, which can be efficiently computed by interior point methods. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. Numerical examples show the reliability of the methodology proposed.