bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and life history variation in two sky‐island populations of an endangered alpine lizard
Authors: Atkins Z. S. , Clemann N. , Chapple D. G. , Edwards A. M. , Sinsch U. , Hantzschmann A. M. , Schroder M. , Scroggie M. P. , Robert K. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA species’ life history is a strong determinant of its risk of extinction; traits such as body size, growth rate, age at maturity and fecundity influence population viability and persistence, as well as capacity for dispersal and colonisation of new habitats. Yet, despite the potential for substantial geographic variation in life history, most conservation programmes rely upon the species average rather than information specific to individual populations. We use the Guthega Skink (Liopholis guthega), a threatened alpine endemic lizard restricted to two geographically isolated locations in south‐eastern Australia, as a case study to demonstrate how geographic variation in life history traits may better inform conservation management. Liopholis guthega has a relatively short life span, with only a few years of reproductive activity, inter‐annual variation in reproductive output, and less‐than‐annual reproduction. We show that the Victorian population has a significantly slower growth rate, attains a smaller maximum size, reaches reproductive maturity later, and produces significantly smaller litters, despite no difference in longevity suggesting that it may be more vulnerable to extinction. We, therefore, suggest evaluating genetic rescue from the New South Wales population to improve recruitment and longevity of Victorian L. guthega, ongoing population monitoring in both locations, and a dedicated pest control programme to reduce pressure on this population. Our study has far reaching impacts; primarily demonstrating how knowledge of geographic variation in life history has the potential to improve conservation management of threatened species.
Enemies of liberty? Nationalism, immigration, and the framing of terrorism in the agenda of the Front National
Authors: Hutchins Rachel D , Halikiopoulou Daphne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper systematises the framing of the terrorism issue in the programmatic agenda of the Front national (FN) by focusing on nationalism. We argue that the FN's position on terrorism constitutes part of its strategy to justify its anti‐immigrant agenda by offering ideological rather than biological rationalisations for national belonging. To test our argument empirically, we operationalise four categories of nationalism, including ethno‐racial, cultural, political‐civic, and economic, and code official FN materials published in reaction to seven terrorist attacks on French soil during the period 1986–2015. We find that whilst older documents draw on all four categories, Marine Le Pen documents draw almost exclusively on the cultural and political‐civic categories, confirming our argument. Building on the “normalisation” or “de‐demonisation” approach, our nationalism framework presents a distinct theoretical advantage by allowing us to conceptualise the shift in the party's programmatic agenda.
Does international recognition matter? Support for unilateral secession in Catalonia and Scotland
Authors: Muro Diego , Vidal Guillem , Vlaskamp Martijn C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow much do the prospects of international recognition of a possible new state affect the domestic support for secession? To answer this research question, we adopted a most similar systems design and conducted a Web‐based survey experiment in Catalonia and Scotland. Respondents were presented with plausible scenarios regarding the international recognition of a hypothetical independent state by other countries and were subsequently asked whether they would support a unilateral declaration of independence. The results show that the prospects of international recognition as a sovereign and independent state influence the degree of support for a unilateral declaration of independence in both cases. This effect was moderated by the intensity of nationalist sentiment and the motivations for independence. Respondents with more outspoken nationalist sentiments were only marginally influenced by these scenarios or treatments. Moreover, participants whose preferences towards secession were driven by ethno‐political motivations were less influenced by international factors than those who wanted an independent state for economic or political reasons.
DAT imaging and myocardial MIBG scintigraphy for Lewy body diseases: A clinical‐neuroimaging study
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Terada Hitoshi , Inaoka Tsutomu , Nakatsuka Tomoya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesNeuroimaging markers for Lewy body diseases (LBDs) include dopamine transporter (DAT) scanning and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy. It is unknown which marker is more useful for identifying the three major LBD subtypes: Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and the autonomic‐sleep variant. To answer this question, we analyzed clinical‐neuroimaging data of 450 LBD patients.MethodsThis study was a prospective cohort study with a recruiting period of 3.0 years, prospective follow‐up period of 2.0 ± 1.8 years, and visits at least once a year. We recruited 745 referred subjects who had undergone both DAT and MIBG tests, and the inclusion criteria accorded with published criteria of PD, DLB, and the autonomic/sleep variant (at least one of PD/DLB's known early features: orthostatic hypotension, constipation, overactive bladder, and REM sleep behavior disorder [RBD]).ResultsA total of 450 patients fulfilled the criteria. Among the LBD subtypes, the most common was PD (49.3%), followed by DLB (46.4%) and the autonomic/sleep variant (4.2%). DAT and MIBG tests were almost equally abnormal in PD (98.2%, 79.3%, respectively); however, between the two measures, DAT was more frequently abnormal in DLB (82.3%, 56.9%, respectively) and MIBG in the autonomic/sleep variant (57.9%, 94.7%, respectively). Still, these differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionBetween the two neuroimaging tests, the DAT scan tended to parallel brain disease (PD/DLB), while the MIBG test tended to parallel peripheral disease (autonomic/sleep variant).
Effects of sympathetic modulation in metabolic disease
Authors: Carnagarin Revathy , Lambert Gavin W. , Kiuchi Marcio G. , Nolde Janis M. , Matthews Vance B. , Eikelis Nina , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Schlaich Markus P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSympathetic overdrive contributes to the derangement of glucose metabolism evident in clinical conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and others. Targeting the sympathetic nervous system directly therefore appears as an attractive therapeutic approach to restore impaired glucose metabolism. Indeed, lifestyle interventions, including healthier diets and exercise, have been shown to exert their beneficial effects at least in part by reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of exaggerated central sympathetic outflow has also been demonstrated to beneficially impact on body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. More recently, catheter‐based renal denervation, an intervention applied predominantly to lower elevated blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, revealed salutary effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of targeting the sympathetic nervous system directly and discuss how these approaches may best be embedded in routine clinical practice.
A systematic review to determine the impact of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on dental implant osseointegration
Authors: Dave M. , Patel N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used over the counter analgesics for the management of post‐operative pain following dental surgery, including dental implant placement. NSAIDs work through inhibition of the cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) enzyme, in particular the isoform COX‐2. COX‐2 has been shown to induce new bone formation with upregulation of COX‐2 demonstrated following bony fractures. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if NSAID use affects bone healing and osseointegration following dental implant placement.MethodsElectronic databases (Medline and Embase) were searched in addition to hand searches from reference lists of selected papers. Only randomised control trials were included in this review.ResultsThree studies were included and data provided on bone healing and osseointegration following dental implant surgery (with and without NSAID use) were analysed. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (2.0) were used to assess risk of bias. Two randomised control trials were conducted on animal subjects and one on human participants. One animal study reported significantly reduced bone healing around dental implants following the use of prolonged subcutaneous NSAIDs. No other studies reported any significant findings. There was considerable heterogeneity between included studies.ConclusionThere is limited evidence exploring the relationship of NSAIDs and dental implant osseointegration and bone healing to draw definitive conclusions. Further research is required in this area.
Prevention of ventricular fibrillation through de‐networking of the Purkinje system
Authors: Imnadze Guram , Zerm Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSudden cardiac death from ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains a major health problem worldwide. Currently, there are limited treatment options available to patients who suffer from episodes of VF. Because Purkinje fibers have been implicated as a source of initiation of VF, we are presenting the first paper of a series highlighting the promising results of substrate modulation through “De‐Networking” of the Purkinje system preventing VF in patients without an alternative ablation strategy.Methods and ResultsWe studied 10 consecutive patients (two female) all but one implanted with an ICD with documented VF or fast polymorphic Ventricular tachycardia (VT) (five patients without history of structural heart disease, two with ischemic cardiomyopathy, one with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, one with dilated cardiomyopathy, and one with aortic valve disease). After 3D electroanatomical mapping, the left bundle branch (LBB) and left ventricular Purkinje potentials were annotated creating a virtual triangle with the apex formed by the distal LBB and the base by the most distal Purkinje potentials. Linear radiofrequency catheter ablation at the base of the triangle was performed, followed by ablation within the virtual triangle sparing the LBB and both fascicles (“de‐networking”). All patients were treated without complications. During 1‐year follow‐up, only 2/10(20%) patients experienced recurrence in form of a single episode of polymorphic VT/VF.ConclusionCatheter ablation of VF through “de‐networking” of the Purkinje system in patients without overt arrhythmia substrate or trigger appears safe and effective and will require further study in a larger patient cohort.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: Pediatric case series and literature review
Authors: Oberlin Kate E. , Rahnama‐Moghadam Sahand , Alomari Ahmed K. , Haggstrom Anita N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is an uncommon disease that can be difficult to diagnose. This case series and literature review highlights the clinical features of pediatric DRESS and underscores the differential diagnoses, culprit medications, and need for clinical follow‐up to detect associated autoimmune sequelae.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and laboratory features of pediatric DRESS, identify associated culprit medications, and discuss the natural history of disease.MethodsTen cases of pediatric DRESS were identified in the electronic medical record by searching the inpatient dermatology consultation list at Indiana University between 2013 and 2018. Clinical and laboratory data were collected including demographics, differential diagnoses, culprit medications, resolution of disease, and autoimmune sequelae.ResultsPediatric patients with DRESS presented at a mean age of 11.5 years and demonstrated a mean time from drug initiation to onset of symptoms of 4 weeks. The most common inciting drugs included antibiotics (62.5%) followed by antiepileptics (37.5%). Rash and transaminitis resolved by 3 weeks, and 20% of patients, all female, developed autoimmune sequelae including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and an undifferentiated connective tissue disorder and occurred at an average of 14.5 weeks after diagnosis.LimitationsThis was a small retrospective study of an uncommon clinical diagnosis at a single institution.ConclusionsPediatric DRESS was most commonly caused by antibiotics which are being increasingly recognized in the literature as the predominant culprit medications. The development of autoimmune sequelae is a notable consequence that can present weeks after illness and may preferentially affect female patients.
Pancreatic fat necrosis in a 10‐year‐old girl: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Boyd Alan S. , Wester Anne C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report here a case of a young girl with pancreatitis and pancreatic fat necrosis (PFN). This condition is rare in the pediatric age group, and its etiopathogenesis is different from disease in adults. Whereas PFN in adults typically results from pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic duct obstruction, alcohol abuse, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, in children it appears to arise in a setting of systemic disease, often involving a genetic disorder.
Right‐Wing Ideology as a Predictor of Collective Action: A Test Across Four Political Issue Domains
Authors: Choma Becky , Hodson Gordon , Jagayat Arvin , Hoffarth Mark R. 
Published: August 2019

Despite a vast literature documenting motivations for collective action, the role of sociopolitical ideologies, including right‐wing ideologies, in predicting collective action is underresearched. Literature on right‐wing ideological beliefs suggests that those higher in right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) or social dominance orientation (SDO) hold specific attitudes or endorse specific policies, in part, because of factors such as perceived fear‐based threat or empathy. In the present research, structural equation modeling (SEM) was run on pooled data from a diverse Canadian university sample and two American adult samples (total N = 1,469). Participants completed measures of RWA, SDO, fear‐based threat, empathy, and domain‐specific collective action. Results showed that RWA and SDO both related positively to collective action targeting societal moral breakdown but negatively to collective action aimed at equalizing race relations or fighting climate change. Whereas the indirect effects of right‐wing ideologies via fear‐based threat or empathy were significant in all four domains for SDO, the indirect effect of RWA was only significant in the climate change domain. Implications are discussed.
Deleterious effects of probe‐related versus irrelevant targets on the “CIT effect” in the P300‐ and RT‐based three‐stimulus protocol for detection of concealed information
Authors: Olson Joseph , Rosenfeld J. Peter , Perrault Ella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo groups of participants committed the same mock crime in which one of two items, a watch or a ring, was removed from a drawer and concealed. One group, the crime‐familiar group next experienced a three‐stimulus protocol (3SP), a Concealed Information Test (CIT), in which they were tested on the stolen (probe) item presented in a random series of five irrelevant (unseen) stimuli from the same jewelry category. A left‐hand button press, meaning “I don't recognize” was to follow each of these six items. A right‐hand press (“I do recognize”) was to follow the one other presented item, the target item, which in the case of the crime‐familiar group was the other, not‐stolen item in the drawer at the mock crime scene. For the other crime‐unfamiliar group, the target was a sixth unseen irrelevant item as in the original P300 CIT. In terms of P300 latency and reaction time (RT), crime‐familiar participants processed all stimuli faster than crime‐unfamiliar participants. The CIT effects (probe‐minus‐irrelevant differences) for crime‐familiar group members were inferior to those of crime‐unfamiliar group members for RT and P300 amplitude measures. Thus, familiar targets negatively impact the 3SP.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on mortality: A large national cohort study
Authors: Park Hye Yun , Kang Danbee , Lee Hyun , Shin Sun Hye , Kang Minwoong , Kong Sunga , Rhee Chin Kook , Cho Juhee , Yoo Kwang Ha 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing and COPD patients are at higher risk for all‐cause mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of COPD on specific‐cause mortality using national data.MethodsThis was nationwide retrospective cohort study of 340, 767 adults aged 40–84 years who lacked COPD diagnosis at baseline between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013. Incident COPD was defined by reference to COPD claim codes and prescription of COPD medication at least twice annually. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) for each cause of death in the COPD group was compared to that of the non‐COPD group, with other causes of death accounted as the competing risk.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was higher in the COPD (2,978 per 100, 000 person‐years) than the non‐COPD group (629 per 100, 000 person‐years) and adjusted HR was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.32, 1.50). The association was particularly strong for chronic lower airway disease (adjusted sub‐HR = 9.67; 95% CI = 7.21, 12.96) and lung cancer (adjusted sub‐HR = 3.16; 95% CI = 2.68, 3.71), and the association was stronger in those aged <60 years.ConclusionIn this large national cohort, COPD patients were at a statistically significant higher risk for all‐cause mortality than those without COPD. They were more likely to die from chronic lower airway disease, lung cancer and pneumonia than subjects without COPD. The impact of COPD on specific mortalities was stronger in younger subjects.
Acute exacerbations of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Brown Kevin K. , Johkoh Takeshi , Kataoka Kensuke , Fukuoka Junya , Kimura Tomoki , Matsuda Toshiaki , Yokoyama Toshiki , Fukihara Jun , Ando Masahiko , Tanaka Tomonori , Hashimoto Naozumi , Sakamoto Koji , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAcute exacerbation (AE) is a severe complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE‐IPF). In 2016, an international working group revised its definition and diagnostic criteria; however, few studies have assessed the frequency and prognosis of AE in patients with other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (FILD).MethodsWe used data from 1019 consecutive interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients initially evaluated between January 2008 and July 2015. All subject diagnoses were made by multidisciplinary discussion in December 2018. ILD was categorized as IPF (n = 462) and other FILD which included non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 22), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 29), connective tissue disease‐associated ILD (n = 205) and unclassifiable ILD (n = 209). Using the 2016 definition of AE‐IPF, we identified all subjects with an AE.ResultsDuring the observational period, 193 patients experienced a first AE (AE‐FILD n = 69, AE‐IPF n = 124). The time to first AE was significantly longer in FILD than IPF (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potentially influential confounders, FILD remained a significant predictor of longer time to first AE compared with IPF (hazard ratio: 0.453; 95% CI: 0.317–0.647, P = 0.006). In a multivariate Cox proportional analysis, baseline disease severity was closely associated with the incidence of AE‐ILD. Even after adjustment for other clinical variables, AE had a negative impact on overall survival. AE‐FILD and AE‐IPF showed similar poor short‐term outcomes.ConclusionAll forms of ILD are at risk of AE and have a similar outcome to AE‐IPF.
Effect of standard clinical procedures on blood glucose concentration in clinically healthy horses
Authors: Hansen Sanni , Stephansen Mia G. , Fjeldborg Julie , van Galen Gaby 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBlood glucose concentrations fluctuate with stress, but little is known on how it is influenced by clinical procedures. The objective was to investigate the effect of clinical procedures on blood glucose concentration in healthy horses.Materials and MethodsProspective, experimental study. Seven hospital‐owned research horses were included in the study. A total of 4 horses were sampled either during a control sedation trial or during 3 different student workshops (prepurchase, oral, and rectal examination—the latter 2 with sedation). Blood samples were taken every 15 minutes and glucose concentration in whole blood was measured immediately with a previously validated handheld glucometer until normalization after the end of the workshops. No food was provided during sampling periods.Key FindingsAll measured blood glucose concentrations remained within reference interval. A significant increase in blood glucose concentration between baseline and peak was found during sedation (P = 0.005) and the oral workshop (P = 0.031). A decrease was found during prepurchase examination (P = 0.006; before exercising). Peak glucose concentration values between the sedation trial and both the oral (P = 0.065) and rectal workshop (P = 0.709) were not statistically different. Glucose measurements returned to baseline 1 hour after completion of the workshops.SignificanceNo impact of different clinical procedures on the blood glucose concentration over the effects of sedation was found. It is advisable to wait 1 hour after a procedure to measure blood for glucose concentration in horses.