bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the metabolites of DH-e, a Halomonas marine bacterium, against three toxic dinoflagellate species
Authors: Wang Di , Xie Liling , Zhu Xingbiao , Bi Xiao , Zheng Yuzhong , Zhu Yankun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Algicidal bacteria play an important role in mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the study, five bacterial strains were isolated from the East China Sea. One strain of algicidal bacterium, named DH-e, was found to selectively inhibit the motor ability of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Alexandrium tamarense (ATDH-47) and Karenia mikimotoi Hansen. Both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics revealed that the algicidal DH-e bacterium belonged to Halomonas. Furthermore, results showed that the metabolites in the DH-e cell-free filtrate could kill algae directly, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the bacterial metabolites on the cells of the three dinoflagellate species ranged from 35.0–70.0 μg/mL. Following short-term inhibitory tests, the dinoflagellates in mixed crude extract solution (0.7 mg/mL) ceased movement after 5 min. The algicidal mechanism of the metabolites was investigated through enzyme activities, including that of catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acetone peroxide (T-ATP) synthetase and nitrite reductase (NR). Results indicated that metabolites did not disrupt the energy or nutrient routes of the algae (P &gt; 0.05), but did initiate an increase in free radicals in the algal cells, which might explain the subsequent death of sensitive algae. Thus, the metabolites of the DH-e bacterium showed promising potential for controlling HABs.
Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Yan Cen , Quan Xiao-Jiang , Feng Ying-Mei 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly
leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including
increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining
inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte
protection and preservation of cardiac function.

Methodology:
To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer
have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is
hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity
induced by virus and random integration into the human genome.

Discussion:
Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production.
They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and
drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer.
In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on
the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development
of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective
in the field of nanoparticle vehicle.

Conclusion:
Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with
nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of
nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.
Asymmetric Changes in Limbic Cortex and Planum Temporale in Patients with Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Kutová M. , Mrzílková J. , Riedlová J. , Zach P. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
There are several cortical areas related to the limbic system that form the output
from the hippocampal formation whose cellular and morphological features are important for the onset
and progression of AD. We hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the size of cortical
pyramidal neurons and that there would also be a hemispheric asymmetry between Alzheimer disease
patients and controls. These differences would potentially be accompanied by an increase in the
numbers of Fluoro-Jade B-positive degenerating cortical neurons and a corresponding decrease in the
numbers of DAPI-stained cortical neuronal nuclei in subjects with AD compared to controls. Such
changes could potentially be used as another marker in postmortem neuropathological diagnosis of AD.

Methods:
We measured absolute numbers of DAPI and Fluoro-Jade B stained cells in five cortical areas
of the limbic system and four subareas of planum temporale in the post-mortem brains of subjects with
Alzheimer disease. We also measured the size of pyramidal neurons in layer III in the five cortical areas
of the limbic system in these subjects. All measurements were performed separately for the left and right
hemisphere in order to identify asymmetries between the two hemispheres.

Results:
We observed a significant decrease in numbers of DAPI stained cells in layers IV-VI of the
anterior cingulate gyrus on the right side, in layers I-III of the posterior cingulate gyrus on the left side,
in layers IV-VI in the transition region from superior temporal gyrus into planum temporale on the right
and in layers IV-VI in the transition from planum temporale to insular cortex on the left. We also observed
a significant increase in the numbers of Fluoro-Jade stained cells in layers I-III of the anterior
cingulate gyrus and in layers I-III on the left and layers IV-VI of the right gyrus of Heschl. Shortening of
the size of layer III pyramidal neurons in subjects with Alzheimer´s disease was found in the anterior
cingulate gyrus on the right, in the posterior cingulate gyrus and entorhinal cortex on the left and on the
right in the parahippocampal gyrus.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates asymmetries in different cortical regions of the temporal lobe that
can be used as another marker in the postmortem diagnosis of AD.
(Substituted)-benzo[b]thiophene-4-carboxamide Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity Study
Authors: Pawar Chandrakant Dhondiram , Pansare Dattatraya Navnath , Shinde Devanand Baburao 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Thiophene ring forms important building block in medicinal chemistry.
Literature reveals that thiophene ring in combination with different groups shows different activity.
By keeping these things in mind we have designed and synthesized a new series of amide and sulfonamide
coupled thiophene. A series of novel substituted 3-sulfamoylbenzo[b]thiophene-4-
carboxamide molecules containing sulfonamide and amide group were designed, synthesized and
used for anti-proliferative activity study.

Methods:
The final compounds 16-36 were synthesized by using series of reactions comprising
sulfonation, sulfonamide coupling, hydrolysis and peptide coupling. The yields of compounds 16-
36 are in the range of 90-98%. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and
confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LCMS and the purity was checked through HPLC analysis. The
compounds were further tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against a series of cell lines
A549, HeLa, MCF-7 and Du-145.

Results:
The intermediates 8-13, 15 and final compounds 16-36 were synthesized in good yields.
The synthesized compounds were further tested for their anticancer activity and most of compounds
showed moderate to good anticancer activity against all four cell lines.

Conclusion:
We have synthesized 21 compounds and were screened for anticancer activity against
MCF-7, HeLa, A-549 and Du-145 cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds were active for tested
cell lines with IC50 value in the range of 1.81 to 9.73 μM. The compounds 18, 19, 21, 25, 30, 31 and
33 are most active in cell line data with IC50 value in the range of 1.81 to 2.52 μM.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhu Hongzhang , Feng Shi-Ting , Zhang Xingqi , Ke Zunfu , Zeng Ruixi , Yang Xufeng , Han Jiande , Zhou Hui 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of
the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary
(essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with
neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated
comorbidities.

Discussion:
We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored
scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively
summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a
thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the
help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes
could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup,
there were no obvious changes in the lesion.

Conclusion:
Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG
need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for
those in stable condition.
Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Activity and Docking Studies of Some Newer 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Lather Viney , Grewal Ajmer Singh , Pandita Deepti 
Published: October 2018

<P>Background: Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), PDE superfamily members, increase inflammatory processes in immunomodulatory as well as pro-inflammatory cells via breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 are a novel class of drug candidates which can regulate pro-inflammatory as well as T-cell function and can be particularly advantageous in the treatment of a wide-ranging disorders associated with the immune system as well as inflammatory diseases with fewer unwanted adverse effects.Objective:The current research work was planned to design and synthesize some newer substituted 1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity and in silico docking studies.Methods:A new series of substituted 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. In silico docking studies were performed for the evaluation of the binding pattern of synthesized derivatives in the binding site of both PDE4 and PDE7 proteins.Results:Amongst the newly synthesized derivatives, compounds 5 and 12 showed higher antiinflammatory activity in the animal model. The results of in vivo animal studies were found to be in concordance with the results of molecular docking studies.Conclusion:These newly synthesized derivatives can act as the lead molecules for the design of safe and therapeutically effective agents for various inflammatory diseases acting via inhibition of both PDE4 and PDE7.</P>
3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies on Oxadiazole Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives: Validation of Experimental Inhibitory Potencies Towards COX-2
Authors: Asati Vivek , Ghode Piyush , Bajaj Shalini , Jain Sanmati K. , Bharti Sanjay K. 
Published: October 2018

Background:In past few decades, computational chemistry has seen significant advancements in design and development of novel therapeutics. Benzimidazole derivatives showed promising anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme.Objective:The structural features necessary for COX-2 inhibitory activity for a series of oxadiazole substituted benzimidazoles were explored through 3D-QSAR, combinatorial library generation (Combi Lab) and molecular docking.Methods:3D-QSAR (using kNN-MFA (SW-FB) and PLSR (GA) methods) and Combi Lab studies were performed by using VLife MDS Molecular Design Suite. The molecular docking study was performed by using AutoDockVina.Results:Significant QSAR models generated by PLSR exhibited r2 = 0.79, q2 = 0.68 and pred_r2 = 0. 84 values whereas kNN showed q2 = 0.71 and pred_r2 = 0.84. External validation of developed models by various parameters assures their reliability and predictive efficacy. A library of 72 compounds was generated by combinatorial technique in which 11 compounds (A1-A5 and B1-B6) showed better predicted biological activity than the most active compound 27 (pIC50 = 7.22) from the dataset. These compounds showed proximal interaction with amino acid residues like TYR355 and/or ARG120 on COX-2(PDB ID: 4RS0).Conclusion:The present work resulted in the design of more potent benzimidazoles as COX-2 inhibitors with good interaction as compared to reference ligand. The results of the study may be helpful in the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors for inflammatory disorders.
Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in Bangladesh: Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Transmission Modelling of Seroprevalence Studies
Authors: Chan Jocelyn , Wu Yue , Wood James , Muhit Mohammad , Mahmood Mohammed K. , Karim Tasneem , Moushumi Farhana , Jones Cheryl A. , Snelling Tom , Khandaker Gulam 
Published: October 2018

Background and Objectives:
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is the leading cause
of vaccine-preventable congenital anomalies. Comprehensive country-level data on the burden of
CRS in low and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, are scarce. This information is essential
for assessing the impact of rubella vaccination programs. We aim to systematically review
the literature on the epidemiology of CRS and estimate the burden of CRS in Bangladesh.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of existing literature and transmission modelling of
seroprevalence studies to estimate the pre-vaccine period burden of CRS in Bangladesh. OVID
Medline (1948 – 23 November 2016) and OVID EMBASE (1974 – 23 November 2016) were
searched using a combination of the database-specific controlled vocabulary and free text terms.
We used an age-stratified deterministic model to estimate the pre-vaccination burden of CRS in
Bangladesh.

Findings:
Ten articles were identified, published between 2000 and 2014, including seven crosssectional
studies, two case series and one analytical case-control study. Rubella seropositivity
ranged from 47.0% to 86.0% among all age population. Rubella sero–positivity increased with
age. Rubella seropositivity among women of childbearing age was 81.0% overall. The estimated
incidence of CRS was 0·99 per 1,000 live births, which corresponds to approximately 3,292 CRS
cases annually in Bangladesh.

Conclusion:
The estimated burden of CRS in Bangladesh during the pre-vaccination period was
high. This will provide important baseline information to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness
of routine rubella immunisation, introduced in 2012 in Bangladesh.
Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Albumin in HIV Infected Patients: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadi-Motamayel Fatemeh , Vaziri-Amjad Samaneh , Davoodi Poorandokht , Goodarzi Mohammad T. , Poorolajal Jalal 
Published: October 2018

Background:Saliva is a very important complex biological oral fluid .Antioxidants are present in all body fluids. Uric acid, albumin and vitamins are some of the non- enzymatic molecular antioxidants. Alkaline phosphatase is related to cell injury and death.Objective:The aim of this study was the evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase and albumin level in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group.Methods:Case groups were 49 HIV positive subjects, compared with 49 healthy control group. Oral clinical examination was carried out. Five ml unstimulated whole saliva was collected during 5 min with the Navazesh method. Alkaline phosphatase was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Albumin was assessed by the nephelometric method.Results:The results of this study showed significantly lower salivary albumin in the case group in comparison to healthy control group (p= 0.001). HIV positive group had greater alkaline phosphatase than the healthy control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.458).Conclusion:Salivary albumin level was significantly decreased and salivary alkaline phosphatase level slightly increased in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. All of the HIV infected patients were in early phase of HIV infection with normal immune status. More research is needed to estimate these enzymes changes in late phase of HIV infection and AIDS step.
Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Role of Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Sharma Sorabh , Sarathlal K.C. , Taliyan Rajeev 
Published: October 2018

Background & Objective:
Imbalance in histone acetylation levels and consequently the
dysfunction in transcription are associated with a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Histone
proteins acetylation and deacetylation is carried out by two opposite acting enzymes, histone acetyltransferases
and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. In-vitro and in-vivo animal models of
neurodegenerative diseases and post mortem brains of patients have been reported overexpressed level
of HDACs. In recent past numerous studies have indicated that HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) might be
a promising class of therapeutic agents for treating these devastating diseases. HDACs being a part of
repressive complexes, the outcome of their inhibition has been attributed to enhanced gene expression
due to heightened histone acetylation. Beneficial effects of HDACIs has been explored both in preclinical
and clinical studies of these diseases. Thus, their screening as future therapeutics for neurodegenerative
diseases has been widely explored.

Conclusion:
In this review, we focus on the putative role of HDACs in neurodegeneration and further
discuss their potential as a new therapeutic avenue for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
The Effects of D-aspartate on Neurosteroids, Neurosteroid Receptors, and Inflammatory Mediators in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Goudarzvand Mahdi , Panahi Yaser , Yazdani Reza , Miladi Hosein , Tahmasebi Saeed , Sherafat Amin , Afraei Sanaz , Abouhamzeh Kosar , Jamee Mahnaz , Al-Hussieni Kawthar Jasim Mohammad Rida , Mohammadi Hamed , Mohebbi Ali , Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Zaki-Dizaji Majid , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena , D'Aniello Antimo , Azizi Gholamreza 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used model for
multiple sclerosis. The present study has been designed to compare the efficiencies of oral and intraperitoneal
(IP) administration of D-aspartate (D-Asp) on the onset and severity of EAE, the production of
neurosteroids, and the expression of neurosteroid receptors and inflammatory mediators in the brain of
EAE mice.

Methods:
In this study, EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice treated with D-Asp orally (D-Asp-Oral) or
by IP injection (D-Asp-IP). On the 20th day, brains (cerebrums) and cerebellums of mice were evaluated
by histological analyses. The brains of mice were analyzed for: 1) Neurosteroid (Progesterone,
Testosterone, 17β-estradiol) concentrations; 2) gene expressions of cytokines and neurosteroid receptors
by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 3) quantitative determination of D-Asp
using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Further, some inflammatory cytokines and
matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were identified in the mouse serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay kits.

Results:
Our findings demonstrated that after D-Asp was administered, it was taken up and accumulated
within the brain. Further, IP injection of D-Asp had more beneficial effects on EAE severity than
oral gavage. The concentration of the testosterone and 17β-estradiol in D-Asp-IP group was significantly
higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences in the gene expression
of cytokine and neurosteroid receptors between control, D-Asp-IP, and D-Asp-Oral groups. However,
IP treatment with D-Asp significantly reduced C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and MMP-2 serum
levels compared to control mice.

Conclusion:
IP injection of D-Asp had more beneficial effects on EAE severity, neurosteroid induction
and reduction of inflammatory mediators than oral gavage.
Mentha pulegium Aqueous Extract Exhibits Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Farid Omar , Zeggwagh Naoufel Ali , Ouadi Fadwa EL , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aerial
parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) on blood glucose levels in normal
and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The glucose tolerance was evaluated in normal rats.
Moreover, the histological sections and morphometric analysis at the liver and pancreas have been
carried out in this investigation both in normal and STZ-diabetic rats.

Methods:
The effect of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was investigated
in normal and diabetic rats (n=6). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas were examined under
phase contrast microscope and a preliminary screening for various bioactive constituents was realized
according to standard methods.

Key Findings:
Both single and repeated oral administration of A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) caused a significant
reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats (p<0.0001). The morphometric analysis and
histological sections realized in pancreas and liver have showed the beneficial effect of the A.P.A.E in
cellular population. According to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the aqueous extract has revealed
an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rat. Furthermore, the preliminary phytochemical
screening of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium has demonstrated the presence of various metabolite compounds
including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids tannins, cyanidins, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) exhibits a potent antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ diabetic rats.
In vitro Characterization of Microspheres Containing Chemically Cross- Linked Gummy Exudates of Cochlospermum religiosum
Authors: Sharma Vipin Kumar , Mazumder Bhaskar , Nautiyal Vinod , Sharma Prince Prashant , Ahmed Yusra 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The polymeric hydrocolloids of natural origin such as gums and mucilages
have their own significance in food and pharmaceutical industries due to safety, cost, biodegradability,
biocompatibility, etc.

Objective:
This study includes the assessment of feasibility of gummy exudates of Cochlospermum
religiosum for development of microspheres through emulsification technique.

Methods:
The effects of exudates concentration, glutaraldehyde amount and process temperature
were analyzed on particle-size and swelling dynamics of developed microspheres. The formulations
were also characterized by thermal decomposition and powder X-ray diffraction technique to assess
the effect of crosslinking.

Results:
The photomicrographs of preparations revealed the formation of microspheres with smooth,
spherical and free-flowing nature. The swelling dynamics followed Fick’s diffusion mechanism for
swelling media. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of ether-linkage after
crosslinking of exudates by glutaraldehyde. The thermogravimetric curves disclosed the formation
of strong bonds during crosslinking.

Conclusion:
The ease of gummy exudates of Cochlospermum religiosum for microspheres formation
ascribed the potential of these formulations to incorporate therapeutic agent(s) to be applied as
novel drug-carriers.