bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming the UK's war prerogative: the rationale for reform
Authors: Chowdhury Tanzil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper assesses the current state of the war prerogative, specifically focusing on deployment decisions. It outlines the constitutional position over troop deployments, scrutinises recent reform efforts and problematises the rationale underpinning those reforms. The paper proceeds along one simple normative claim: that against the backdrop of frequent interventions, the publication of theIraq Inquiryand a series of Bills that have sought to statutorise deployment decisions, less use-of-force is better than more use-of-force, and constitutional arrangements ought to reflect this. The paper begins with an exegesis of the most recent attempt to bring deployment decisions onto a statutory footing, focusing on: (a) the difficulties and concomitant problems in defining ‘conflict decisions’; and (b) whether it could make deployment decisions reviewable. The paper then seeks to examine the rationale for reform, arguing that the main impetus behind the series of efforts has been to democratise the process of troop deployments when instead they should focus on use-of-force reduction.
Using δ2H in Human Bone Collagen to Correct for Freshwater 14C Reservoir Offsets: A Pilot Study from Shamanka II, Lake Baikal, Southern Siberia
Authors: Schulting Rick J , Snoeck Christophe , Begley Ian , Brookes Steve , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Weber Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThere is increasing awareness of the need to correct for freshwater as well as marine reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon (14C) dating of human remains. Here, we explore the use of stable hydrogen isotopes (δ2H), alongside the more commonly used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N), for correcting 14C freshwater reservoir offsets in 10 paired human-faunal dates from graves at the prehistoric cemetery of Shamanka II, Lake Baikal, southern Siberia. Excluding one individual showing no offset, the average human-faunal offset was 515±175 14C yr. Linear regression models demonstrate a strong positive correlation between δ15N and δ2H ratios, supporting the use of δ2H as a proxy for trophic level. Both isotopes show moderate but significant correlations (r2 ~ 0.45, p < 0.05) with 14C offsets (while δ13C on its own does not), though δ2H performs marginally better. A regression model using all three stable isotopes to predict 14C offsets accounts for approximately 65% of the variation in the latter (r2=0.651, p=0.025), with both δ13C and δ2H, but not δ15N, contributing significantly. The results suggest that δ2H may be a useful proxy for freshwater reservoir corrections, though further work is needed.
What is the Meaning of Meaning in Paul Tillich's Theology?
Authors: Cassedy Steven 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the most frequently occurring terms in Paul Tillich's theology is meaning (in his English writings) or Sinn (in his German writings). But Tillich used both in multiple senses, without acknowledging or even appearing to be aware that he was doing so. He wrote only in German till he immigrated to the United States at the age of forty-seven. He used the German Sinn abundantly in his native tongue, and with a variety of meanings: a universal medium for understanding the world; “sense,” as in “making sense” or what is missing in “senseless” (sinnlos) statements; “the unconditional” (“das Unbedingte”); a “thing pointed at” (in Tillich's theory of symbols and signs); a grand metaphysical quality of some undefined sort; the object-correlate of an act of cognition; and “God.” He drew on the German Sinn when he began to write in English but, because of the grammatical status of meaning as a verbal noun, the English term allowed Tillich to ascribe agency to things that in his view bear meaning, for example the thing that grasps us when we are in the state of faith. In addition, the English word meaning for Tillich meant “comprehensibility,” “value,” “direction,” from existential philosophy (what is missing when life is meaningless); “ultimate concern” (the “meaning which gives meaning to all meanings”); in the plural, something undefined that the human person “lives in”; and “God.” The change from German to English accompanied a change in his conception of faith, raising the possibility that the new language moved Tillich's theology in a new direction.
Moving Texts: A Hermeneutics of the Gospel According to Hollywood
Authors: Clogher Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Hollywood Jesus epics re-visualize the gospel story against the anxious backdrops of secularization, cultural pluralism, and moral skepticism. While these epics are often derided for their lack of theological insight, cultural awareness, or aesthetic taste, this article argues for a re-appreciation of the genre's internal pluralism and hermeneutical significance. Focusing on Cecil B. DeMille'sThe King of Kings(1927) and Nicholas Ray'sKing of Kings(1961), it reflects on the epic as a tradition-forming moment in the Jesus story's reception. Both DeMille and Ray offer competing interpretations of Jesus, thus illustrating how the genre functions as a site of christological and hermeneutical reflection. Against this backdrop, I argue for a reinterpretation of the genre and, further, proffer a hermeneutical exploration of cinema more broadly as a central moment in the dialogue between Christianity and popular culture.
The use of visual distraction to improve the tolerability of flexible laryngoscopy
Authors: Biggs T C , Henderson A , Shelton F , Patel N N 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFlexible laryngoscopy is a commonly performed procedure in otolaryngology. Although this procedure is not considered painful, many patients describe it as uncomfortable. This study investigated the role of visual distraction as a form of pain relief during flexible laryngoscopy.MethodsThe study included patients undergoing flexible laryngoscopy at the University Hospital Southampton. Patients were self-allocated to one of four groups: with or without co-phenylcaine anaesthetic spray; and with and without visual distraction. Visual distraction involved the patient watching the procedure concurrently with the clinician, via a video monitor. Pre- and post-procedural discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale.ResultsThe use of topical anaesthetic spray was not associated with significantly reduced discomfort scores (p > 0.05). Discomfort scores were significantly reduced in the visual distraction groups (p = 0.04), irrespective of the use of topical anaesthetic spray.ConclusionThis small study showed that visual distraction should be considered as a simple and cost-effective alternative to local anaesthetic for flexible laryngoscopy.
Beichuan's Tragedy: Tan Zuoren and the politics, suffering, and injustice of the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: MÄENPÄÄ MARJAANA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt has been argued that Tan Zuoren's essay ‘Longmen Mountain, please bear witness for the children of Beichuan’ is not only an attempt to narrate an alternative version of the story of the Wenchuan earthquake but also to present a vision of an alternative future for Chinese society. The building blocks for this alternative future would be finding a balance between human beings and nature, respect for minorities, and responsible rule. Tan does not demand the end of Communist Party rule, but explains how the system could be changed to make it better for both the people and nature. The keys to achieving this goal are rectifying historical injustices, an honest examination of mistakes, and respect for ordinary people.
Mass vaccination response to a measles outbreak is not always possible. Lessons from a London prison
Authors: Junghans C. , Heffernan C. , Valli A. , Gibson K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we describe a contained measles outbreak in a London prison, the second such outbreak in a custodial setting. Once vaccination commenced, just under a third of eligible prisoners were immunised due to a low uptake of the vaccine. We conducted a root-cause analysis in order to identify factors which may have prevented or altered the course of the outbreak. Our analysis revealed that many of the factors identified are those that cannot be easily changed. It is unlikely that mass vaccination at the time, even in the absence of some of the more easily rectifiable issues, could have fully avoided further cases in the event of a mass outbreak. Both measles outbreaks in a custodial setting started with a member of staff and immunisation status of the staff were largely unknown. We argue that mass vaccination following an outbreak in a prison is unlikely to fully prevent a mass outbreak, and that implementing opt-out testing, empirical vaccination and insisting on full immunisation of staff are most likely to both prevent and contain outbreaks in the future.
Understanding Soil and Plant Interaction by Combining Ground‐Based Quantitative Electromagnetic Induction and Airborne Hyperspectral Data
Authors: von Hebel Christian , Matveeva Maria , Verweij Elizabeth , Rademske Patrick , Kaufmann Manuela Sarah , Brogi Cosimo , Vereecken Harry , Rascher Uwe , van der Kruk Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the first time, we combine depth‐specific soil information obtained from the quantitative inversion of ground‐based multicoil electromagnetic induction data with the airborne hyperspectral vegetation mapping of 1 × 1‐m pixels including Sun‐induced fluorescence (F) to understand how subsurface structures drive above‐surface plant performance. Hyperspectral data were processed to quantitative F and selected biophysical canopy maps, which are proxies for actual photosynthetic rates. These maps showed within‐field spatial patterns, which were attributed to paleo‐river channels buried at around 1‐m depth. The soil structures at specific depths were identified by quantitative electromagnetic induction data inversions and confirmed by soil samples. Whereas the upper plowing layer showed minor correlation to the plant data, the deeper subsoil carrying vital plant resources correlated substantially. Linking depth‐specific soil information with plant performance data may greatly improve our understanding and the modeling of soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere exchange processes.
Friction of Mineralogically Controlled Serpentinites and Implications for Fault Weakness
Authors: Tesei T. , Harbord C. W. A. , De Paola N. , Collettini C. , Viti C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSerpentines are common minerals in several major tectonic faults in a variety of geodynamic settings and have variable frictional strength and complex deformation processes. Here we present friction experiments carried out on a suite of serpentine samples that include veins of antigorite, lizardite, and fibrous serpentine (chrysotile and polygonal serpentine) together with massive samples of retrograde (lizardite and chrysotile rich) and prograde (antigorite‐rich) serpentinites. These samples were characterized from the hand specimen down to the nanoscale to precisely constrain their mineralogical composition and are interpreted to represent typical fault rocks and host rocks in serpentine‐bearing shear zones, respectively. Experiments were performed at effective normal stress from 5 to 120 MPa, at temperatures of 25°C and 170°C and water‐saturated, that is, under the faulting conditions of the brittle upper lithosphere. Friction of antigorite samples, either massive or vein, is relatively high μ = 0.53. Retrograde, massive serpentinites, constituted primarily of lizardite and fibrous serpentines, are frictionally weak, μ = 0.30. End‐members lizardite and fibrous serpentines are even weaker, 0.15 < μ < 0.19, and this weakness is unchanged at high temperature. We document deformation of lizardite and fibrous serpentines occurring predominantly via mode II cracking, crystal/fiber folding, and frictional sliding, which account for the observed mechanical weakness. When combined with frictional reactivation analysis, our data provide mechanical evidence for fault weakness inferred from earthquake dip distributions at oceanic outer rises and low‐angle normal faults beneath rifted continental margins and at slow/ultraslow spreading mid‐ocean ridges.
Links Between Carbon Monoxide and Climate Indices for the Southern Hemisphere and Tropical Fire Regions
Authors: Buchholz R. R. , Hammerling D. , Worden H. M. , Deeter M. N. , Emmons L. K. , Edwards D. P. , Monks S. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the Southern Hemisphere and tropics, the main contribution to carbon monoxide (CO) variability is from fire emissions, which are connected to climate through the availability, type, and dryness of fuel. Here we assess the data‐driven relationships between CO and climate, aiming to predict atmospheric loading during fire seasons. Observations of total column CO from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere satellite instrument are used to build a record of monthly anomalies between 2001 and 2016, focusing on seven biomass burning regions of the Southern Hemisphere and tropics. With the exception of 2015, the range of absolute variability in CO is similar between regions. We model CO anomalies in each of the regions using climate indices for the climate modes: El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Tropical South Atlantic, and Antarctic Oscillation. Stepwise forward and backward variable selection is used to choose from statistical regression models that use combinations of climate indices, at lag times between 1 and 8 months relative to CO anomalies. The Bayesian information criterion selects models with the best predictive power. We find that all climate mode indices are required to model CO in each region, generally explaining over 50% of the variability and over 70% for tropical regions. First‐order interaction terms of the climate modes are necessary, producing greatly improved explanation of CO variability over single terms. Predictive capability is assessed for the Maritime Southeast Asia and the predicted peak CO anomaly in 2015 is within 20% of the measurements.
Hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation, and peripheral glucose homeostasis in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring exposed to maternal and postnatal chocolate and soft drink
Authors: Kjaergaard Marina , Nilsson Cecilia , Nielsen Mette Olaf , Grove Kevin , Raun Kirsten 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes can arise during foetal development and in early postnatal life caused by imbalances in maternal nutritional overload. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal and postnatal intake of chocolate and soft drink on hypothalamic anti-oxidative stress markers, inflammation and peripheral glucose homeostasis.

Methods
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum chow diet only (C) or with chocolate and high sucrose soft drink supplements (S). At birth, litter size was adjusted into 10 male offspring per dam. After weaning at 3 weeks of age, offspring from both dietary groups were assigned to either S or C diet, giving four groups until the end of the experiment at 26 weeks of age.

Results
Offspring exposed to maternal S had up-regulated hypothalamic anti-oxidative markers such as SOD2 and catalase at 3 weeks of age as an indication of oxidative stress. However, at 12 weeks of age these anti-oxidative markers tended to decrease while pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF and IL-1β became up-regulated of all offspring exposed to S diet during some point of their life. Thus, despite an increase in anti-oxidative stress response, offspring exposed to maternal S had a reduced ability to counteract hypothalamic inflammation. At the same time point, postnatal S resulted in increased adiposity, reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with no effect on body weight. However, at 25 weeks of age, the impaired glucose tolerance was reversible to the response of the control regardless of increased adiposity and body weight pointing towards a compensatory response of the insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion.

Conclusion
Indications of hypothalamic oxidative stress was observed prior to the inflammatory response in offspring exposed to maternal S. Both maternal and postnatal S induced hypothalamic inflammation prior to increased weight gain and thus contributing to obese phenotype.
A dual role of miR-22 modulated by RelA/p65 in resensitizing fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells to fulvestrant by targeting FOXP1 and HDAC4 and constitutive acetylation of p53 at Lys382
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Dongping , Filkowski Jody , Rodriguez-Juarez Rocio , Storozynsky Quinn , Malach Megan , Carpenter Emily , Kovalchuk Olga 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAntiestrogen resistance is a major challenge encountered during the treatment of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) breast cancer. A better understanding of signaling pathways and downstream transcription factors and their targets may identify key molecules that can overcome antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer. An aberrant expression of miR-22 has been demonstrated in breast cancer; however, its contribution to breast cancer resistance to fulvestrant, an antiestrogen drug, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated a moderate elevation in miR-22 expression in the 182R-6 fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer line we used as a model system, and this elevation was positively correlated with the expression of the miRNA biogenesis enzymes AGO2 and Dicer. The level of phosphorylated HER2/neu at Tyr877 was also upregulated in these cells, whereas the level of RelA/p65 phosphorylated at Ser536 (p-p65) was downregulated. Knockdown of HER2/neu led to an induction of p-p65 and a reduction in miR-22 levels. Luciferase assays identified two NF-κB binding motifs in the miR-22 promoter that contributed to transcriptional repression of miR-22. Activation of RelA/p65, triggered by LPS, attenuated miR-22 expression, but this expression was restored by sc-514, a selective IKKβ inhibitor. Inhibition of miR-22 suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle S-phase arrest, whereas enhancing expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 and p27Kip1. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-22 also suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, caused S-phase arrest, and promoted the expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 and p27Kip1. Ectopic overexpression of miR-22 repressed the expression of FOXP1 and HDAC4, leading to a marked induction of acetylation of HDAC4 target histones. Conversely, inhibition of miR-22 promoted the expression of both FOXP1 and HDAC4, without the expected attenuation of histone acetylation. Instead, p53 acetylation at lysine 382 was unexpectedly upregulated. Taken together, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that HER2 activation dephosphorylates RelA/p65 at Ser536. This dephosphoryalted p65 may be pivotal in transactivation of miR-22. Both increased and decreased miR-22 expression cause resensitization of fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells to fulvestrant. HER2/NF-κB (p65)/miR-22/HDAC4/p21 and HER2/NF-κB (p65)/miR-22/Ac-p53/p21 signaling circuits may therefore confer this dual role on miR-22 through constitutive transactivation of p21.
High expression of HMGA2 independently predicts poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marquis Miriam , Beaubois Cyrielle , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Abrahamowicz Michal , Danieli Coraline , Lemieux Sébastien , Ahmad Imran , Wei Andrew , Ting Stephen B. , Fleming Shaun , Schwarer Anthony , Grimwade David , Grey William , Hills Robert K. , Vyas Paresh , Russell Nigel , Sauvageau Guy , Hébert Josée 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML), risk stratification based on cytogenetics and mutation profiling is essential but remains insufficient to select the optimal therapy. Accurate biomarkers are needed to improve prognostic assessment. We analyzed RNA sequencing and survival data of 430 AML patients and identified HMGA2 as a novel prognostic marker. We validated a quantitative PCR test to study the association of HMGA2 expression with clinical outcomes in 358 AML samples. In this training cohort, HMGA2 was highly expressed in 22.3% of AML, mostly in patients with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics. High expression levels of HMGA2 (H + ) were associated with a lower frequency of complete remission (58.8% vs 83.4%, P < 0.001), worse 3-year overall survival (OS, 13.2% vs 43.5%, P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS, 10.8% vs 44.2%, P < 0.001). A positive HMGA2 test also identified a subgroup of patients unresponsive to standard treatments. Multivariable analyses showed that H + was independently associated with significantly worse OS and RFS, including in the intermediate cytogenetic risk category. These associations were confirmed in a validation cohort of 260 patient samples from the UK NCRI AML17 trial. The HMGA2 test could be implemented in clinical trials developing novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk AML.
Transforming Bell’s inequalities into state classifiers with machine learning
Authors: Ma Yue-Chi , Yung Man-Hong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn quantum information science, a major challenge is to look for an efficient means for classifying quantum states. An attractive proposal is to utilize Bell’s inequality as an entanglement witness, for classifying entangled state. The problem is that entanglement is necessary but not sufficient for violating Bell’s inequalities, making these inequalities unreliable in state classification. Furthermore, in general, classifying the separability of states, even for only few qubits, is resource-consuming. Here we look for alternative solutions with the methods of machine learning, by constructing neural networks that are capable of simultaneously encoding convex sets of multiple entanglement witness inequalities. The simulation results indicated that these transformed Bell-type classifiers can perform significantly better than the original Bell’s inequalities in classifying entangled states. We further extended our analysis to classify quantum states into multiple species through machine learning. These results not only provide an interpretation of neural network as quantum state classifier, but also confirm that neural networks can be a valuable tool for quantum information processing.
PD-L1 expression in pleural effusions of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and survival prediction: a controlled study by pleural biopsy
Authors: Xu Jian , Han Xue , Liu Chunfang , Gao Na , Zhao Junjun , Zhang Xiaolin , Jiang Ling , Ren Lina , Li Ping , Wang Nini 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPD-L1 expression in pleural effusions (PE) of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) was compared with pleural biopsies and the positive expression in PE was correlated with survival time. The matched slices from same patient’s pleura and PE were collected which both were pathologically verified positive. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect PD-L1 expression. A total of 51 eligible cases were enrolled, including 30 males and 21 females. The average age was (67.06 ± 12.10) years. PD-L1 expression wasn’t statistically significant in pleura and cell masses (P > 0.05) and the correlation was statistically significant (r = 0.585, P = 0.000). Using an IHC scores of 5 point as a cutoff, positive PD-L1 expression in the pleura was 11.63% and that in the cell masses was 23.26%, and difference was significant (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.605. Among 35 cases underwent systemic anti-tumor treatment, the mean survival time with positive PD-L1 expression in PE was 17.370 ± 1.827 months, which was significantly shorter than that with the negative (29.944 ± 2.671 months) (χ2 = 4.507, P = 0.034). Positive PD-L1 expression in PE is higher than in the pleura and their correlation is well. It may predict the short survival time after systemic anti-tumor treatment.