bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External and Internal Security Dimensions of Early Slavic Stathoods in the Territory of Slovakia
Authors: Šimiko Juraj 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article deals with basic characteriristic of external and internal security of first slavic tribes settled in Middle Europe. It describes struggle against external enemies which were Avarian nomadic tribes in the 7th century. It also describes defense against East Francia in the 9th century, importance of fortificated settlements. It characterizes warrior groups as main element of defence. Third part focuses on basic elements of Gret Moravian´s internal security such as law codex named “Law codex for people”
Knowledge Management of the Esp Class Using Technology
Authors: Bocianu Irina Ioana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present study aims at analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of knowledge management of the ESP class through the use of technology. Being in constant contact with technology, it is unavoidable to use it for teaching foreign languages. For this reason, both CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) and mobile apps prove useful in the demarche for better teaching and learning process. Nevertheless, managing blended learning ESP class implies a different approach to technology that goes beyond the classic use of Web 2.0 tools and proposes a new generation of mobile technology that facilitates and even simplifies the acquisition of all the four competencies (for ESP): reading, writing, listening and speaking for students ranging A2 to C1 (usually few students are absolute beginners and other few have native-like English level) in compliance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages whose guidance aids instructors prepare students for the competitive labor market
Criteria for Efficient Defence Product Life Cycle Management
Authors: Dimitrova Sevdalina , Kamarashev Nikolay 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The modern security environment, being dynamic and often unpredictable, hazardous and limited in resources, is a challenge itself for the member-countries of Euro-Atlantic structures. Respectively and as a consequence of our Armed Forces reforms prolonged for more than 20 years, which resulted in lack of personnel and unfulfilled modernization, there has been an intensifying discussion on the question whether the defence capabilities of our country, as part of the collective ones, are good enough to ensure the safety of the Bulgarian territory as well as our national and the international security and to reach the Capability Targets. When resolving this issue, not only the security environment factors should be considered, but also the security imperatives, one of them being the maintenance of defence products as an integral part of their life cycle management (LCM). In the search of a balance between resources and capabilities, our scientific attempts have focused on defining scientifically supported criteria for the increase of the efficiency of defence products life cycle management as part of the resource management for security and defence, which determines the goal of our scientific research and analyses in the present work
Research on the Motivation for Choosing the Military Career
Authors: Grigorov Grigor , Spirdonov Svilen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The following article examines the structure of the motivation to choose the military career as well as the satisfaction from it. It analyses the main factors influencing on the choice of this profession as well as the interrelationships between them. The article sets out the specific reasons for a career in the Army and the results of the survey would contribute to the improvement of the attractiveness of the military career and attracting motivated military staff
Study on Accounting Organization: Options and Influence Factors
Authors: Ciuhureanu Alina-Teodora 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the current economic environment that characterizes the business environment in Romania, organizing and conducting accounting is a challenge. The option of effective accounting organization is a choice of management that needs to be carefully analyzed but which is also based on a number of factors of influence. Starting from these aspects, we propose to analyze the way in which accounting is organized within the economic entities, taking into account their category and field of activity. We also sought to identify the main factors that influenced the choice of a way of organizing accounting. The study was conducted on a sample of 301 economic entities in the Development Region 7 Center - Romania
Transparency of Financial Information on Crowdfunding Platforms – A Prerequisite for Successful Funding Campaigns
Authors: Fanea-Ivanovici Mina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Crowdfunding, a relatively novel internet-based non-banking funding instrument for startups, innovative, creative or prosocial projects, implies that funders (donors or lenders) and fund seekers (project initiators) interact on a crowdfunding platform. The goal of fund seekers is to raise the necessary amount of money to finance their project, while donors are backers of business or research ideas, social causes or start-up companies. Existing research has proven that for a crowdfunding campaign to succeed, one condition is for the crowdfunding platform to provide the adequate technical functionalities that ensure sufficient financial information both during and after the campaign (such as how the money was used and how the money was returned if the project failed) but also the legal framework through a solid contract between the platform and the fund seeker that can prevent moral hazard of the latter. The purpose of this study is to perform a qualitative analysis of the active crowdfunding platforms in Romania in terms of financial information transparency and to determine whether they fulfil the necessary conditions to ensure fair use of donations by project initiators and distribution of reward to donors
Employment and Unemployment as Predictors of Economic Security on the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Petrova Elitsa , Filipov Stefan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article presents employment and unemployment as predictors of economic security in the context of a social challenge facing the national security on the example of the Republic of Bulgaria. Any decline and negative trends associated with these indicators such as low employment, non-participation of full labor potential in the public production, high unemployment, low minimum and average wages, low labor quality inevitably lead to undermining economic security of the state. The article pays special attention to the level of employment in the economy of the Republic of Bulgaria; the average monthly salary of the employees under labor and employment relationship; the average number of employed persons under labor and employment relationship; the unemployed persons and unemployment coefficients of the population by age, sex, duration of unemployment, ways of looking for work, and unemployment by statistical zones and regions in the Republic of Bulgaria. An analysis is made of the average annual salary of the employees under employment and service relationship
Economic Growth and Investment Activity as Basic Elements and Indicators of Economic Security and Their Relationship with National and International Security
Authors: Petrova Elitsa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The economic potential of a country is directly related to a policy of creating new jobs, increasing labour productivity, balancing energy and materials consumption, technological innovation, refurbishing the production base, and taking action to create an environment for attracting investment and stimulating domestic consumption, as well as increasing exports of goods and services. A key feature of the economic system, that determines its ability to maintain normal living and working conditions for the population, is to guarantee and protect the sustainable development of the economy and the realisation of national economic interests. This article is addressed to two main economic security indicators - economic growth and investment activity of the state. It presents a specific comparison of real GDP per capita and growth rate in the European Union, the Eurozone and the Republic of Bulgaria and GDP per capita in purchasing power standards in the European Union, the Eurozone and the Republic of Bulgaria. The flow of foreign direct investment by economic sectors in the Republic of Bulgaria is been considered, including annual data, foreign direct investment flows by countries and the international position of the Republic of Bulgaria in this process
Empirical Research on the Stability of the National Financial System
Authors: Stanciu Leontin , Stanciu Cristian-Lucian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Safeguarding the stability of the national financial system is a strategic priority of the state's economic security. In this context, based on international practices, the authors intend to identify the main features of the efforts made by the authorities of the national financial system, as well as the central bank's endeavors to ensure its stability
Developing Customer Service Standards
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Banabakova Vanya , Georgiev Marin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnsuring effective customer service requires targeted efforts in a number of areas, one of which is to develop service standards for each market segment. Differentiating customer service is achieved by adopting different standards according to the following criteria: availability of assortment varieties and quantities in percentage of orders placed; actually delivered quantities and assortment varieties in percent of the ordered ones; time (cycle) to execute orders in hours or days, and more. The development of service standards uses the results of its analyzes and assessments. Standards relating to customer service should be developed in the following areas: responsibilities of management; quality control system; supplier's obligations; design management; document management; purchase quality; product identification; management of the processes of providing services; customer service quality assessment; management of control, measuring and implementation equipment; corrective actions applied in the case of established discrepancies in the provided services; loading, unloading, storing, packaging, delivery and storage of the product; customer interaction; control over data related to service quality; internal audits related to service quality; personnel training; statistical methods. This paper explores the need and capability to develop customer service standards and provides an algorithm for developing standards for employee behaviour toward customers
An Analysis of the European Practices in Bulgaria to Support Start-Ups
Authors: Stoyanova Tsvetana , Angelova Miglena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The dynamics of modern business life due to a faster development of innovations and technologies is able to turn over for a very short period the logic and development of entire economic sectors. The power and traditions of well-known companies can be challenged by the fundamentally new services and products developed by the small team of a start-up. This is the reason that these companies are in the focus of the European policy. Start-ups could gain competitive advantages of the European economy through fundamentally new products and services mainly in the high technologic branches. This report presents the analysis of the European practice in Bulgaria to support start-ups as an instrument to gain competitive advantage. The analysis includes European framework policy for start-ups and its implementation and results in Bulgaria
From Sustainable to Transient Competitive Advantage
Authors: Stoyanova Tsvetana , Angelova Miglena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The concept of competitive advantage is central for the strategic management literature. The researchers` ideas in this field are broad and comprehensive - from an attempts to define and measure the advantage, through its sources, to the complex of conditions that presuppose its existence at all, and its preservation for a longer period. The activities to protect it in a highly dynamic environment are a great challenge. This makes the topic of the necessary and sufficient requirements that the sources of competitive advantage have to meet in order to ensure its sustainability. Studying the conditions needs the sustainability to be defined, and with respect to the requirements of dynamism coming from the outside environment. The purpose of this article is to study, systematize and summarize existing scientific opinions about the conditions that ensure the sustainability for the competitive advantage and to identify the reasons for moving to its flexibility. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to fulfil the following tasks: - to consider the prerequisites for sustainability and to derive a definition of "sustainable competitive advantage"; - to highlight the specific features of the transitional competitive advantages; - to indicate the implementation of the two concepts in business organizations
Nationalisms Versus Solidarity in Case of Eu Law and Security
Authors: Marin Nikolay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to focus on the main prerequisites for the increasing nationalism among some of the Member States in the European Union and its impact in terms of solidarity, law, and security. In recent years, a number of events and processes have unlocked the growth of nationalism and the increase of its public support as a response to the fear of replacing the values and identity of European societies. For example, the disproportionate migratory pressures "woke up" in some European societies a legitimate fear for their national identity. It is now the time to offer legal mechanisms that are flexible enough for sharing security and finding a balance between the national and European interest in order to avoid a revival of extreme nationalism
Academic Self-Efficacy in Military Higher Education: Assessment of the Psychometric Qualities of Perceived Academic Efficacy Scale
Authors: Macovei Crenguţa Mihaela 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The concept of academic self-efficacy has its origins in the social cognitive theory developed by A. Bandura and it refers to the conviction of a person that he/she can successfully achieve a certain academic goal or can solve a specific task. In this research we tested the psychometric qualities of the Perceived Academic Efficacy Scale in the context of military higher education. This scale is taken from PALS - The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales - and it demonstrated adequate psychometric properties that make it suitable for measuring the level of academic self-efficacy of military students. All six items on the scale load a single factor; the tested model showed a good fit
Foreign Language Education in the Military
Authors: Pateşan Marioara , Zechia Dana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
As teachers of English in the military, we totally believe that today’s military should have foreign language skills and cultural expertise besides military competencies, needed to face the challenges of our present security. Foreign languages and cultural awareness can be considered ‘critical capabilities’. But proficiency in a foreign language is difficult to be acquired when you are not allotted sufficient class hours or the linguistic level of your students is pretty low. The English language proficiency training is a complex process involving time as well as human and financial resources. Each army needs literate military in foreign languages that can speak and write, comprehend oral speech or written text, in the literal and figurative forms of the language. Not being able to speak the NATO prime language of communication can be considered a real barrier for any military participant in international missions. The present study is a theoretical approach presenting some priorities in language learning education at home and abroad
Military Identity
Authors: Prodanciuc Robert 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper is aimed at exploring the process of military identity acquisition. In order to be able to do this, it is important to define the concepts of institution and organization with reference to the social subsystem represented by the army. The analysis of the aspirants to the status of member of the army was done through the systemic and action paradigms, as well as the praxiological vision. Individuals wishing to integrate into the military system are analysed from a four-dimensional perspective, that is to say, from the point of view of the four defining aspects of each individual: biological, psychological, social and cultural. We also think that it is very important to address the responsibilities of the manager, in our case the commander, regardless of the level of the commanded formation. In the unfortunate case where the results do not meet the expectations, there are competent specialists who can provide the necessary support, not only military, but also civilians, and their specialization isn’t restricted to the field of psychology
Considerations on Cycling in the Case of Linear Programming Problem (Lpp)
Authors: Carutasu Vasile 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ever since the onset of algorithms for determining the optimal solution or solutions for a linear programming problem (LPP), the question of the possibility of occurrence of cycling when one or other of these algorithms are applied was born. Thus, the fundamental question regarding this issue is under what conditions the cyclic phenomenon appears for a problem of linear programming and how to construct examples in which to do so, and as a continuation of it, which methods can be developed to avoid this phenomenon. In this study we will present some aspects regarding this issue starting from the primal simplex algorithm, by highlighting some general aspects that occur when this phenomenon happens
Experimental Model for Data Transmission in the Underwater Environment
Authors: Cristea Ovidiu , Deliu Florențiu , Badara Nicolae , Tarabuta Octavian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Communications applications in the underwater environment have recently developed a considerable development due to the demand for underwater research with Robot Underwater Vehicle (ROV). The most important aspects addressed by researchers are related to the speed and distance of data transmissions. In most cases, this data signal may be electromagnetic, optical or acoustic. The first two cases have limitations on the distance of the communication channel due to signal attenuation. That is why the acoustic field can be considered the favorite in this choice. In this case, the limitations of use are given by the acoustic field propagation, which depends on the temperature, salinity and pressure of the underwater environment and the result is the variation of the propagation speed. The influence of frequency on attenuation and reverberation are important factors limiting the use of the acoustic field. Based on these considerations, the paper presents an experimental transceiver model of data transmission using Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), modulation with phase discontinuity for transmitting and receiving commands at the speed of 2kbits / s
A Numerical and Experimental Aproach of Stress Waves Propagation in Short Tronconical Bars Under Axial Impact
Authors: Iliescu Nicolae , Nastasescu Vasile , Barsan Ghiță 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the first part of the paper, using the numerical simulations with FEM and the results of some investigations made with different experimental techniques, a calculation methodology was developed for the study of the stress waves propagation in the short tronconical bars subjected at axial impact. Because a good agreement between data obtained from numerical analysis and experimental investigations was observed, the numerical model of calculus conceived for this study was considered validated. The calculus model established was used to investigate other aspects connected of stress wave propagation in the short tronconical bars. In the second part of the paper, using established calculus model and numerical analysis with Finite Element Method the influence of bar conicity on stress wave propagation and on stress distribution in different cross sections of the bar was analyzed
Analysis of the Relation Between Climate Changes and Security Area
Authors: Padrev Nikolay Iliyanov 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSecurity is often used in most meaningful concepts of contemporary political vocabulary. Furthermore, it concerns interesting aspects of the survival of nations and states in the world. In the first decade of the 21st century, mankind got into a qualitatively new phase of its development, in which it should invariably use the "uncertainty" area. There are no doubts about the facts that environmental pollution can cause a variety of ecologically based diseases and this in turn leads to reduction in the average life expectancy. This paper analyzes the relations between climate changes today and their impact on the security area. Problems that have arisen worldwide and in the Republic of Bulgaria because of the climate change are pointed out. The paper discuses directions for improving the security environment in the context of climate changes
Analysis of the Evolution Factors and Requirements Imposed on Technologies and Installations of Superficial Treatment with Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Virca Ioan , Moro Nicolae , Hategan Cornel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article makes references and appreciations regarding the technologies of surface thermal treatments with electromagnetic fields and the specific treatment facilities. Their development has grown in recent years due to factors of an economic, technical and ecological nature. As such, the large construction diversity determines the classification of these facilities according to a large number of criteria, but a common requirement is the technological flexibility, in conditions of increased productivity and quality. The article also highlights the features of a superficial optical pulse treatment method used by one of the authors in an extensive experimental program
Vulnerability Evaluation of Personnel, Equipment and Activities as a Base for Taking of Engineer Force Protection Measures
Authors: Zálesky Jaroslav , Palasiewicz Tibor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The article describes a vulnerability of personnel, equipment and activities as a factor determining consequences caused by threats. It defines levels of vulnerability and provides a possibility to quantify its levels for all hazards affecting each resource. In conjunction with critical assessment vulnerability evaluation enables to describe severity of each threat impact on particular resource more specifically. The threat severity together with its occurrence probability creates kay factor of risk assessment being a base for appropriate engineer force protection measure development
Blindness in echolocating bats
Authors: Feijó Anderson , Nunes Hannah , Vilar Emmanuel Messias , da Rocha Patrício Adriano 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Vision in echolocating bats works complementary to their echolocation signals and is especially important in long-range orientation. Contrary to previous predictions, we report here the first case of blindness and ocular anomalies in healthy adult echolocating bats. Two anomalous individuals of Carollia perspicillata, two Artibeus planirostris and one Artibeus lituratus were captured in highly human-modified areas (urban and agricultural). One C. perspicillata was totally blind exhibiting completely closed eyelids and the others presented strong corneal opacity in their right eye. Our finding brings new insights about the habitat perception in mammals and suggests an unreported ecological compensation of the sensory system in bats.