bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in insect phototaxis and application to pest management: a review
Authors: Kim Kil‐Nam , Huang Qiu‐Ying , Lei Chao‐Liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany insects, especially nocturnal insects, exhibit positive phototaxis to artificial lights. Light traps are currently used to monitor and manage insect pest populations, and play a crucial role in physical pest control. Efficient use of light traps to attract target insect pests is an important topic in the application of integrated pest management (IPM). Phototactic responses of insects vary among species, light characteristics and the physiological status of the insects. In addition, light can cause several biological responses, including biochemical, physiological, molecular and fitness changes in insects. In this review, we discuss several hypotheses on insect phototaxis, factors affecting insect phototaxis, insect‐sensitive wavelengths, biological responses of insects to light, and countermeasures for conserving beneficial insects and increasing the effect of trapping. In addition, we provide information on the different sensitivities to wavelengths causing positive phototactic behavior in > 70 insect pest and beneficial insect species. The use of advanced light traps equipped with superior light sources, such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), will make physical pest control in IPM more efficient. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of unknown impurities of paromomycin in a 15% topical cream by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry
Authors: Hertzler SuzAnn , Knuth Kim , Preston Ryan , Adams Ryan , Lawrence Kendra 
Published: June 2019

RationaleCharacterization of unknown impurities in degraded paromomycin 15% topical cream samples by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) gas‐phase fragmentation is described.MethodsA volatile reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detection (RP‐HPLC/CAD) method was developed and validated for fast and consistent analysis of the paromomycin potency and impurity values in drug substance and drug product samples. A Veo charged aerosol detector was chosen for routine analysis. The method shows separation of two paromomycin isomers as well as twelve unknown impurity peaks. The identity of the unknown impurities was investigated by LC/MS/MS using a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer.ResultsSix of the HPLC/CAD impurity peaks met the ICH Q3B(R2) threshold for identification and were investigated by coupling the developed LC method with a QTOF instrument. Structures for the impurities were proposed based on gas‐phase fragmentation patterns of the paromomycin reference standard. Impurity fragmentation pathways were proposed based on literature of other structurally related aminoglycoside compounds.ConclusionsNine unknown paromomycin impurities were identified and the observed modifications included acetylation, carbamylation, gain of a hexose, and loss of glucosamine. The most abundant paromomycin modification was carbamylation by urea (a cream excipient) characterized by a 43 Da mass increase.
Optimal codesign of industrial networked control systems with state‐dependent correlated fading channels
Authors: Hu Bin , Tamba Tua A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper examines a codesign problem in industrial networked control systems (NCS) whereby physical systems are controlled over wireless fading channels. The considered wireless channels are assumed to be stochastically dependent on the physical states of moving machineries in the industrial working space. In this paper, the moving machineries are modeled as Markov decision processes whereas the characteristics of the correlated fading channels are modeled as a binary random process whose probability measure depends on both the physical states of moving machineries and the transmission power of communication channels. Under such a state‐dependent fading channel model, sufficient conditions to ensure the stochastic safety of the NCS are first derived. Using the derived safety conditions, a codesign problem is then formulated as a constrained joint optimization problem that seeks for optimal control and transmission power policies which simultaneously minimize an infinite time cost on both communication resource and control effort. This paper shows that such optimal policies can be obtained in a computationally efficient manner using convex programming methods. Simulation results of an autonomous forklift truck and a networked DC motor system are presented to illustrate the advantage and efficacy of the proposed codesign framework for industrial NCS.
Water temperature drives variability in salmonfly abundance, emergence timing, and body size
Authors: Anderson Heidi E. , Albertson Lindsey K. , Walters David M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFreshwater organisms are disproportionately impacted by climate change and human disturbance, resulting in shifts in species' distributions and life histories. We coupled contemporary and historical datasets documenting physical and ecological variables over four decades to quantify changes in the abundance, emergence timing, and body size of salmonflies (Pteronarcys californica) in the Madison River in southwest Montana. In contemporary surveys, water temperature was the main driver of salmonfly abundance, emergence timing, and body size. Salmonfly densities were negatively correlated with summer water temperature, which explained 60% of variation in larval density among sites, whereas substrate type played a negligible role. Emergence occurred 20 days earlier, and male and female exuvia length were 13.8% and 11.3% shorter, respectively, at the warmest site relative to the coolest site (4°C difference). These patterns were supported by historical data. For example, a 1.2°C increase in mean annual water temperature in the Madison River between 1977 and 2017 coincided with evidence for upstream range contraction. Between 1973 and 2017, emergence timing varied widely among years, occurring up to 41 days earlier in years when spring water temperatures were relatively warm. As climate change progresses, we predict that salmonflies could be extirpated from an additional 28 km of currently occupied habitat, representing a 22.6% reduction in suitable habitat along the Madison River. This study provides evidence of long‐term biological change of an aquatic insect and highlights the importance of combining spatial and historical datasets to better understand species' responses to environmental stressors across both space and time.
High Performance Li‐ion battery Anodes based on Si Nano core in an LATP Matrix with better Electrolyte Compatibility and Temperature Resistance
Authors: Augustine Chippy Alphons , Panoth Deepthi , Paravannoor Anjali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNovel core/matrix morphologies of Silicon nanostructures/ LATP ceramics are synthesized through a sol ‐ gel assisted method. The Li1.3 Al0.3 Ti1.7(PO4)3 powders were coated on Si nanoparticles as an artificial SEI layer selectively conducting Li cations, which also prevents the formation of the thick natural SEI layer formation, improving the cyclic stability. The composite anodes exhibited a specific capacity of discharge capacities of 1789 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C in the ionic liquid electrolyte LiTFSI‐Pyr14TFSI. They cycle 500 times with a capacity retention of more than 75%. It is assumed that the promising electrochemical characteristics of the composite anode films are due to the absence of direct contact between the Si nanoparticles and the electrolyte and the presence of LATP providing an efficient and quick pathway for lithium ion transport and acts as a Li ion reservoir. The electrodes also show promising results with suitable ionic liquid based electrolytes at high temperature. Hence the conclusions from the present study projects LATP−Si composite films as a promising anode material for LIBs, with high capacities and long cycling stabilities at room temperature as well as high temperature.
The Muensterelloidea: phylogeny and character evolution of Mesozoic stem octopods
Authors: Fuchs Dirk , Iba Yasuhiro , Heyng Alexander , Iijima Masaya , Klug Christian , Larson Neal L. , Schweigert Günter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Muensterelloidea is a superfamily of teudopseid octobrachians with a posteriorly patella‐shaped gladius. A morphometric comparison based on 148 muensterelloid gladii has yielded five new species accommodated in three new genera:Engeseriteuthis arcuatusgen. et sp. nov.,Muensterella jillaesp. nov.,Muensterella spinosasp. nov.,Tyrionella fauserigen. et sp. nov. andMuensterellina johnjagtigen. et sp. nov. Cretaceous taxa ‘Tusoteuthis’cobbaniand ‘Muensterella’toniiare re‐combined and placed within the genusEnchoteuthis. We introduce categories for gladius proportions applicable for both muensterelloid and non‐muensterelloid octobrachian gladii. A 2D‐landmark analysis including 64 muensterelloid and non‐muensterelloid gladii statistically confirms that the Muensterelloidea possess the smallest median field sizes of all Mesozoic gladii. We consider the lateral field‐dominated ‘gladius’ of the family Patelloctopodidae (Patelloctopus,Pearceiteuthis) to be vestigial (i.e. shorter than the mantle length) suggesting that the Patelloctopodidae are the last shared ancestors of incirrate and cirrate octopods. According to a phylogenetic analysis based on 31 gladius characters, the Muensterelloidea mainly consists of the ‘Muensterella‐Enchoteuthidae’ and the ‘patelloctopodid’ clade. Ancestral character state reconstructions suggest that an increasing posterior growth front is accompanied by a continuous decrease of the median field length. This milestone in the evolution of the octopod gladius vestige occurred between the Early and Middle Jurassic. The benthic life style of incirrate octopods (including Cretaceous palaeoctopodids) was adopted by Jurassic Patelloctopodidae, which arose from nectonic to nectobenthic teudopseid ancestors. There is currently no evidence to suggest a pelagic origin for benthic octopods.
New biological insights into the Middle Triassic capitosaurs from India as deduced from limb bone anatomy and histology
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Sengupta Dhurjati P. , Rakshit Nibedita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple limb bones of different Middle Triassic capitosaurs from India including Cherninia denwai and Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki were examined to reveal differences in palaeobiology and lifestyle adaptations. Limb bone anatomy of Cherninia is characterized by distinct torsion and its absence in the fore and hindlimb bones, respectively. Substantial torsion is seen in all the limb bones of P. crookshanki. Woven fibred bone tissue, a very rapidly deposited tissue mostly seen in the embryos and very young individuals of higher vertebrates, is reported for the first time in a juvenile temnospondyl. Predominance of incipient fibrolamellar bone tissue is seen in a large bodied Middle Triassic temnospondyl suggesting that such tissues in non‐amniotes helped in achieving large body sizes rapidly. Highly vascularized woven fibred bone tissue in the early ontogeny, transforming to a more stable incipient fibrolamellar bone tissue associated with growth marks later in ontogeny characterizes C. denwai. This suggests rapid sustained growth slowed down and became punctuated later in ontogeny. A continuous slow growth throughout ontogeny is suggested for P. crookshanki as parallel fibred bone and azonal lamellar bone tissue are seen in all the examined limb bones. The growth of C. denwai and P. crookshanki had variable susceptibility to seasonal fluctuations. The onset of sexual maturity was at 55% adult size for Cherninia as implied from the change in tissue type. Cherninia inhabited the bottom of the water column and acted as a passive benthic predator whereas Paracyclotosaurus was a shallow water predator that retained a high level of terrestriality.
The DRIVE Model of Reading: Making the Complexity of Reading Accessible
Authors: Cartwright Kelly B. , Duke Nell K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReading involves and is influenced by many factors, which makes reading difficult to understand, teach, and explain to parents, policymakers, and other stakeholders. A metaphor of driving, which likens reading to an everyday practice, demystifies complexities inherent in reading. Both reading and driving are active, strategic processes. Just as drivers deploy multifaceted driving processes to reach destinations on different types of roads in varied contexts and conditions, readers deploy multifaceted reading processes to reach reading goals with different types of texts in varied reading contexts and conditions. The DRIVE (Deploying Reading in Varied Environments) model provides a view of reading that is accessible and actionable while preserving complexity.
Language, Race, and Critical Conversations in a Primary‐Grade Writers' Workshop
Authors: Hartman Paul , Machado Emily 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite a wealth of scholarship documenting its linguistic complexity, students in the United States are rarely encouraged to speak or write in African American Language (AAL) in their primary classrooms. The authors documented how one teacher and his highly diverse second‐grade class examined, explored, and experimented withAALin an instructional unit focused on poetry. Using qualitative research methods, the authors look closely at one student‐initiated conversation about language and race in which students began to notice and name elements ofAAL. The authors then examine a classroom discussion focused on the contrastive elements of Dominant American English andAAL. Next, the authors showcase how students took up some ofAAL's phonological and grammatical features in their own poetry writing. The authors conclude by offering suggestions for teachers who wish to support an exploration of language diversity in their own classrooms.
Calibration of mathematical water quality modeling in a river basin under critical conditions
Authors: Nakamura Carolina Harue , Salla Marcio Ricardo , Oliveira de Jesus José Antônio , Ribeiro da Silva Gustavo Henrique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn order to assist with the management of water resources, this study aimed to calibrate the water quality model “Ottocoded Critical Basins Analysis” (ABaCO) in a section of the Lambari River, located in the city of Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and it is considered qualitatively critical by the “National Water Agency” (ANA). The calibration results, obtained automatically by the Microsoft Excel® tool Solver, showed good adjustments between the simulated and observed concentrations for the following parameters: total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, and total phosphorus, considering a visual interpretation of the graphics. The other calibrated parameters (BOD, DO, organic nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitrate) obtained satisfactory adjustments. When evaluating the results by coefficient of determination, it was observed that all parameters showed negative values to one or more field campaigns. However, the calibrated values of the parameters can be incorporated into the model to obtain a first view of the river's qualitative situation, aiming to plan, control, and protect water resources to assist in decision‐making and to favor performance of intervention analyses of environmental control measures.Practitioner points

Calibration of water quality model in a section of a river located in Brazil considered qualitatively critical;

The calibration occurred automatically and manually, when it was necessary, in an Excel® spreadsheet, generated from the water quality model;

The automation process was performed by the Excel® Solver tool through the objective function;

Through visual interpretation, it was noticed that the calibrated parameters were well adjusted to the data observed in the field;

Sensitivity analysis showed that the studied parameters did not show significant differences in relation to the values calibrated for parameters.
The Distribution of Vertical Cup-To-Disc Ratio and Its Determinants in the Iranian Adult Population
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Yekta Abbasali , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To determine the distribution of vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) and its relationship with ocular biometric indices.

Methods:
This study was conducted in 4737 individuals aged 45-69 years living in Shahroud who participated in the second phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study in 2014. All participants underwent eye examinations including the measurement of visual acuity and refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, retinal examination, and fundoscopy. Normality index was used to describe data distribution, and a multiple beta regression, with adjustment for the effect of cluster sampling, was applied to explore the relationship between VCDR and the study variables.

Results:
The mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] VCDR was 0.297 (0.293-0.301) in all participants; 0.296 (0.291-0.302) in men and 0.297 (0.292-0.302) in women. The highest mean VCDR was seen in the age group 55-59 years (0.299, 95% CI: 0.292-0.307). The 97.5th percentile was 0.600. According to multiple beta regression analysis, VCDR had a positive association with the female sex (P = 0.028), spherical equivalent (P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (P = 0.020), and axial length (P < 0.001), and had a negative association with hypertension (P = 0.001), best corrected visual acuity (P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (P = 0.029) and anterior chamber depth (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The mean VCDR and the 97.5th percentile were lower than most other studies. Although ethnicity and race may play a role in this difference, this difference should be considered in clinical decisions in the current population.
Implementation and Evaluation of the Value of Improved and Sustained Information Access by Library Expertise (VISIBLE) Program
Authors: Rebmann Terri , Tao Donghua , Austin Turner James , Loux Travis M. , Srinivasan Sanath , Garza Alexander 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:To increase knowledge of National Library of Medicine resources by using a train-the-trainer approach.Methods:Workshops were held in spring 2016 to increase knowledge of 4 National Library of Medicine tools. Data were collected before the workshop and immediately, 3 months, and 1 year after the workshop. Knowledge questions were scored as 1 point per question; an aggregated knowledge score could range from 0 to 16 points. A paired t test assessed the change in knowledge from before to after the workshop.Results:Four workshops were hosted, with a total of 74 attendees. The response rate for the surveys ranged from 50% to 100%. Knowledge scores changed significantly from 7.2 to 11.9 (t = 15, P < .001). One year after the workshop, more of the participants reported having informally trained others (56.8%) than reported providing 1 or more formal training session (8.1%)(P < .001).Conclusion:Objective measures of knowledge and information dissemination showed that the National Library of Medicine workshop was successful and resulted in both short- and long-term gains. This workshop could be repeated with other populations to further disseminate information regarding the National Library of Medicine tools, which could help improve disaster response.
Convective heat transfer along ratchet surfaces in vertical natural convection
Authors: Jiang Hechuan , Zhu Xiaojue , Mathai Varghese , Yang Xianjun , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef , Sun Chao 
Published: June 2019

We report on a combined experimental and numerical study of convective heat transfer along ratchet surfaces in vertical natural convection (VC). Due to the asymmetry of the convection system caused by the asymmetric ratchet-like wall roughness, two distinct states exist, with markedly different orientations of the large-scale circulation roll (LSCR) and different heat transport efficiencies. Statistical analysis shows that the heat transport efficiency depends on the strength of the LSCR. When a large-scale wind flows along the ratchets in the direction of their smaller slopes, the convection roll is stronger and the heat transport is larger than the case in which the large-scale wind is directed towards the steeper slope side of the ratchets. Further analysis of the time-averaged temperature profiles indicates that the stronger LSCR in the former case triggers the formation of a secondary vortex inside the roughness cavity, which promotes fluid mixing and results in a higher heat transport efficiency. Remarkably, this result differs from classical Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) with asymmetric ratchets (Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 120, 2018, 044501), wherein the heat transfer is stronger when the large-scale wind faces the steeper side of the ratchets. We reveal that the reason for the reversed trend for VC as compared to RBC is that the flow is less turbulent in VC at the same $Ra$. Thus, in VC the heat transport is driven primarily by the coherent LSCR, while in RBC the ejected thermal plumes aided by gravity are the essential carrier of heat. The present work provides opportunities for control of heat transport in engineering and geophysical flows.
An experimentalist approach to equality: a case study of retirement in the UK university sector
Authors: Blackham Alysia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExperimentalism is a theory of regulation in which change is achieved via a process of ‘directly deliberative polyarchy’ within an experimentalist architecture. This paper argues that experimentalism offers a normatively desirable model for legal interventions relating to the ageing workforce, and age equality law in particular, and offers new insights into existing UK scholarship on reflexive law. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from UK universities, this article considers the extent to which reforms to retirement ages have promoted a form of experimentalism among UK universities. This paper offers concrete suggestions and reforms for how an experimentalist framework could be adopted in this context to enhance regulatory reform.
UK post-Brexit trade agreements and devolution
Authors: Melo Araujo Billy A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the role to be played by the devolved administrations in the negotiation, conclusion and implementation of trade agreements concluded by the UK post-Brexit. By examining, from a comparative perspective, examples of collaborative frameworks between sub-national entities and central governments established in federal jurisdictions, it proposes a significant reform of existing inter-governmental cooperation mechanisms to ensure that the devolved administrations are given a meaningful voice in the shaping of future trade agreements.
Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bone: A Case Study Comparing Laboratory Methods
Authors: Agerskov Rose Helene , Meadows John , Palstra Sanne W L , Hamann Christian , Boudin Mathieu , Huels Matthias 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) results on cremated bone are frequently published in high-ranking journals, but 14C laboratories employ different pretreatment methods as they have divergent perceptions of what sources of contaminants might be present. We found pretreatment protocols to vary significantly between three laboratories (Brussels [RICH], Kiel [KIA], and Groningen [CIO]), which all have a long history of dating cremated bone. We present a case study of 6 sets of replicate dates, to compare laboratory pretreatment protocols, and a further 16 sets of inter-laboratory replicate measurements, which compare specific steps of the conversion and measuring process. The 14C results showed dates to be reproducible between the laboratories and consistent with the expected archaeological chronology. We found that differences in pretreatment, conversion to CO2 and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement to have no measurable influence on the majority of obtained results, suggesting that any possible diagenesis was probably restricted to the most soluble ≤5% of each sample, as this proportion of the sample mass was removed under all laboratory protocols.