bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENERICITY AND RANDOMNESS WITH ITTMS
Authors: MONIN BENOÎT , D’AURIAC PAUL-ELLIOT ANGLÈS 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study genericity and randomness with respect to ITTMs, continuing the work initiated by Carl and Schlicht. To do so, we develop a framework to study randomness in the constructible hierarchy. We then answer several of Carl and Schlicht’s question. We also ask a new question one the equality of two classes of randoms. Although the natural intuition would dictate that the two classes are distinct, we show that things are not as simple as they seem. In particular we show that the categorical analogues of these two classes coincide, in contradiction with the natural intuition. Even though we are not able to answer the question for randomness in this article, we delineate and sharpen its contour and outline.
Age and development of active cryoplanation terraces in the alpine permafrost zone at Svartkampan, Jotunheimen, southern Norway
Authors: Matthews John A. , Wilson Peter , Winkler Stefan , Mourne Richard W. , Hill Jennifer L. , Owen Geraint , Hiemstra John F. , Hallang Helen , Geary Andrew P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSchmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of boulders on cryoplanation terrace treads and associated bedrock cliff faces revealed Holocene ages ranging from 0 ± 825 to 8890 ± 1185 yr. The cliffs were significantly younger than the inner treads, which tended to be younger than the outer treads. Radiocarbon dates from the regolith of 3854 to 4821 cal yr BP (2σ range) indicated maximum rates of cliff recession of ~0.1 mm/yr, which suggests the onset of terrace formation before the last glacial maximum. Age, angularity, and size of clasts, together with planation across bedrock structures and the seepage of groundwater from the cliff foot, all support a process-based conceptual model of cryoplanation terrace development in which frost weathering leads to parallel cliff recession and, hence, terrace extension. The availability of groundwater during autumn freezeback is viewed as critical for frost wedging and/or the growth of segregation ice during prolonged winter frost penetration. Permafrost promotes cryoplanation by providing an impermeable frost table beneath the active layer, focusing groundwater flow, and supplying water for sediment transport by solifluction across the tread. Snow beds are considered an effect rather than a cause of cryoplanation terraces, and cryoplanation is seen as distinct from nivation.
Composition and diversity patterns of Eunicida and Amphinomida (Annelida) associated to dead coral in the Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Hernández-Alcántara Pablo , Cruz-Pérez Ismael Narciso , Solís-Weiss Vivianne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present study is the first attempt to describe beta-diversity patterns in polychaetes of the Caribbean Sea, analysing depth changes in species composition of the Eunicida and Amphinomida inhabiting dead coral in Chinchorro Bank, southern Mexican Caribbean. In April 2008, dead coral fragments were collected by scuba diving in eight stations along two bathymetric gradients (4–9 m and 7–16.2 m depth); 755 individuals from 53 species of the families Amphinomidae, Dorvilleidae, Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae, Oenonidae and Onuphidae were identified. The highest number of species (32) and individuals (514) were found in the family Eunicidae. The Northern transect harboured 36 species, on average 18.75 ind. L−1, which decreased linearly with depth; the Central transect had 43 species, on average 19.01 ind. L−1, which increased at middle depths. The species inhabiting both these zones were moderately different (βsor = 0.603): 49.06% of the fauna occurred on both transects, but the components of beta-diversity, turnover and nestedness, displayed distinct patterns: in the Northern one replacement was the dominant factor (βsim = 0.3–1; βnes = 0–0.091), practically representing all faunal differences (βsor = 0.391–1); in the Central, dissimilarity due to nestedness increased (βnes = 0.031–0.829), mainly at the shallowest stations, but from 5 m depth, beta-diversity was almost completely explained by species replacement (βsim = 0.417–0.5; βnes = 0.031–0.318). Faunal differences were mostly related to higher abundances ofLysidice caribensis,Eunice goodeiandLumbrineris floridanain the Northern zone, andLumbrineris perkinsi,Nicidion obtusa,Lysidice caribensis,Lumbrineris floridana,Lysidice unicornisandEunice mutilatain the Central zone.
The acquisition and use of relative clauses in Turkish-learning children's conversational interactions: a cross-linguistic approach
Authors: UZUNDAĞ Berna A. , KÜNTAY Aylin C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing a cross-linguistic approach, we investigated Turkish-speaking children's acquisition and use of relative clauses (RCs) by examining longitudinal child–caregiver interactions and cross-sectional peer conversations. Longitudinal data were collected from 8 children between the ages of 8 and 36 months. Peer conversational corpus came from 78 children aged between 43 and 64 months. Children produced RCs later than in English (Diessel, 2004) and Mandarin (Chen & Shirai, 2015), and demonstrated increasing semantic and structural complexity with age. Despite the morphosyntactic difficulty of object RCs, and prior experimental findings showing a subject RC advantage, preschool-aged children produced object RCs, which were highly frequent in child-directed speech, as frequently as subject RCs. Object RCs in spontaneous speech were semantically less demanding (with pronominal subjects and inanimate head nouns) than the stimuli used in prior experiments. Results suggest that multiple factors such as input frequency and morphosyntactic and semantic difficulty affect the acquisition patterns.
Pneumonia incidence trends in UK primary care from 2002 to 2017: population-based cohort study
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Douiri Abdel , Gulliford Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing hospital admissions for pneumonia have been reported recently but it is not known whether pneumonia incidence rates have increased in the community. To determine whether incidence rates of pneumonia increased in primary care in the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2017, an open cohort study was conducted using electronic health records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Clinically diagnosed pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, pleural infection and clinically suspected pneumonia, defined as chest infection treated with antibiotics, were evaluated. Age-standardised and age-specific rates were estimated. Joinpoint regression models were fitted and annual percentage changes (APC) were estimated. There were 70.7 million person-years of follow-up with 120 662 episodes of clinically diagnosed pneumonia, 1 831 005 of clinically suspected pneumonia, 23 814 episodes of influenza pneumonia and 2644 pleural infections over 16 years. The incidence of clinically diagnosed pneumonia increased from 1.50 per 1000 person-years in 2002 to 2.22 per 1000 in 2017. From 2010 to 2017, the APC in age-standardised incidence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval 3.4–6.9) compared with 0.3% (−0.6 to 1.2%) before 2010. Clinically suspected pneumonia incidence rates increased from 2002 to 2008 with an APC 3.8% (0.8–6.9) but decreased with an APC −4.9% (−6.7 to −3.1) from 2009 to 2017. Influenza pneumonia increased in the epidemic year of 2009. There was no overall trend in pleural infection. The results show that clinically diagnosed pneumonia has increased in primary care but there was a contemporaneous decline in recording of clinically suspected pneumonia or ‘chest infection’. Changes in disease labelling practice might partly account for these trends.
Early identification of impending cardiac arrest in neonates and infants in the cardiovascular ICU: a statistical modelling approach using physiologic monitoring data
Authors: Bose Sanjukta N. , Verigan Adam , Hanson Jade , Ahumada Luis M. , Ghazarian Sharon R. , Goldenberg Neil A. , Stock Arabela , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:To develop a physiological data-driven model for early identification of impending cardiac arrest in neonates and infants with cardiac disease hospitalised in the cardiovascular ICU.Methods:We performed a single-institution retrospective cohort study (11 January 2013–16 September 2015) of patients ≤1 year old with cardiac disease who were hospitalised in the cardiovascular ICU at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Demographics and diagnostic codes of cardiac arrest were obtained via the electronic health record. Diagnosis of cardiac arrest was validated by expert clinician review. Minute-to-minute physiological monitoring data were recorded via bedside monitors. A generalized linear model was used to compute a minute by minute risk score. Training and test data sets both included data from patients who did and did not develop cardiac arrest. An optimal risk-score threshold was derived based on the model’s discriminatory capacity for impending arrest versus non-arrest. Model performance measures included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratios, and post-test probability of arrest.Results:The final model consisting of multiple clinical parameters was able to identify impending cardiac arrest at least 2 hours prior to the event with an overall accuracy of 75% (sensitivity = 61%, specificity = 80%) and observed an increase in probability of detection of cardiac arrest from a pre-test probability of 9.6% to a post-test probability of 21.2%.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that a predictive model using physiologic monitoring data in neonates and infants with cardiac disease hospitalised in the paediatric cardiovascular ICU can identify impending cardiac arrest on average 17 hours prior to arrest.
Validation of a digitally displayed photographic food portion-size estimation aid among women in urban and rural Malawi
Authors: Flax Valerie L , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Schnefke Courtney H , Stobaugh Heather , Phuka John C , Coates Jennifer , Rogers Beatrice , Bell Winnie , Colaiezzi Brooke , Muth Mary K 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:To validate digitally displayed photographic portion-size estimation aids (PSEA) against a weighed meal record and compare findings with an atlas of printed photographic PSEA and actual prepared-food PSEA in a low-income country.Design:Participants served themselves water and five prepared foods, which were weighed separately before the meal and again after the meal to measure any leftovers. Participants returned the following day and completed a meal recall. They estimated the quantities of foods consumed three times using the different PSEA in a randomized order.Setting:Two urban and two rural communities in southern Malawi.Participants:Women (n 300) aged 18–45 years, equally divided by urban/rural residence and years of education (≤4 years and ≥5 years).Results:Responses for digital and printed PSEA were highly correlated (>91 % agreement for all foods, Cohen’s κw = 0·78–0·93). Overall, at the individual level, digital and actual-food PSEA had a similar level of agreement with the weighed meal record. At the group level, the proportion of participants who estimated within 20 % of the weighed grams of food consumed ranged by type of food from 30 to 45 % for digital PSEA and 40–56 % for actual-food PSEA. Digital PSEA consistently underestimated grams and nutrients across foods, whereas actual-food PSEA provided a mix of under- and overestimates that balanced each other to produce accurate mean energy and nutrient intake estimates. Results did not differ by urban and rural location or participant education level.Conclusions:Digital PSEA require further testing in low-income settings to improve accuracy of estimations.
Children of the Twins Early Development Study (CoTEDS): A Children-of-Twins Study
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Eley Thalia C. , Plomin Robert , Dale Philip S. , Lester Kathryn J. , Oliver Bonamy R. , McMillan Andrew , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Children of the Twins Early Development Study (CoTEDS) is a new prospective children-of-twins study in the UK, designed to investigate intergenerational associations across child developmental stages. CoTEDS will enable research on genetic and environmental factors that underpin parent–child associations, with a focus on mental health and cognitive-related traits. Through CoTEDS, we will have a new lens to examine the roles that parents play in influencing child development, as well as the genetic and environmental factors that shape parenting behavior and experiences. Recruitment is ongoing from the sample of approximately 20,000 contactable adult twins who have been enrolled in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) since infancy. TEDS twins are invited to register all offspring to CoTEDS at birth, with 554 children registered as of May 2019. By recruiting the second generation of TEDS participants, CoTEDS will include information on adult twins and their offspring from infancy. Parent questionnaire-based data collection is now underway for 1- and 2-year-old CoTEDS infants, with further waves of data collection planned. Current data collection includes the following primary constructs: child mental health, temperament, language and cognitive development; parent mental health and social relationships; parenting behaviors and feelings; and other socioecological factors. Measurement tools have been selected with reference to existing genetically informative cohort studies to ensure overlap in phenotypes measured at corresponding stages of development. This built-in study overlap is intended to enable replication and triangulation of future analyses across samples and research designs. Here, we summarize study protocols and measurement procedures and describe future plans.
Long‐Term Coupling and Feedback Between Tectonics and Surface Processes During Non‐Volcanic Rifted Margin Formation
Authors: Theunissen Thomas , Huismans Ritske S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere we present high‐resolution 2‐D coupled tectonic‐surface processes modeling of extensional basin formation. We focus on understanding feedbacks between erosion and deposition and tectonics during rift and passive margin formation. We test the combined effects of crustal rheology and varying surface process efficiency on structural style of rift and passive margin formation. The forward models presented here allow to identify the following four feedback relations between surface processes and tectonic deformation during rifted margin formation. (1) Erosion and deposition promote strain localization and enhance large offset asymmetric normal fault growth. (2) Progressive infill from proximal to more distal half grabens promotes the formation of synthetic sets of basinward dipping normal faults for intermediate crustal strength cases. (3) Sediment loading on top of undeformed crustal rafts in weak crust cases enhances middle and lower crustal flow resulting in sag basin subsidence. (4) Interaction of high sediment supply to the distal margin in very weak crust cases results in detachment‐based rollover sedimentary basins. Our models further show that erosion efficiency and drainage area provide a first‐order control on sediment supply during rifting where rift‐related topography is relatively quickly eroded. Long‐term sustained sediment supply to the rift basins requires elevated onshore drainage basins. We discuss similar variations in structural style observed in natural systems and compare them with the feedbacks identified here.
Regional Climate Effects of Biomass Burning and Dust in East Asia: Evidence From Modeling and Observation
Authors: Dong Xinyi , Fu Joshua S. , Huang Kan , Zhu Qingzhao , Tipton Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study integrates data from regional model simulations, reanalysis data set, radiosonde observations, lidar measurements, and satellite products to evaluate the direct radiative forcing effect of biomass burning and dust over East Asia. During March and April, we find an overall cooling effect of the dust of −5 to −9 W/m2. Biomass burning aerosols from Peninsular Southeast Asia exhibit a warming effect of 5–10 W/m2 over the source area, lower than that over the downwind area of 10–20 W/m2 because of significantly higher cloud coverage in South China. Dust and biomass burning aerosols are found to cool the near surface layer (0–1 km) by −0.5 and −0.3 K, respectively, and warm the upper air (1–5 km) by +0.1 and +0.2 K, respectively. In Taipei, simultaneous presences of dust and biomass burning lead to cooling of near‐surface air by −1.5 K and warming of upper air by +1 K.
The Source, Significance, and Magnetospheric Impact of Periodic Density Structures Within Stream Interaction Regions
Authors: Kepko L. , Viall N. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present several examples of magnetospheric ultralow frequency pulsations associated with stream interaction regions and demonstrate that the observed magnetospheric pulsations were also present in the solar wind number density. The distance of the solar wind monitor ranged from just upstream of Earth's bow shock to 261 RE, with a propagation time delay of up to 90 min. The number density oscillations far upstream of Earth are offset from similar oscillations observed within the magnetosphere by the advection timescale, suggesting that the periodic dynamic pressure enhancements were time stationary structures, passively advecting with the ambient solar wind. The density structures are larger than Earth's magnetosphere and slowly altered the dynamic pressure enveloping Earth, leading to a quasi‐static and globally coherent “forced‐breathing” of Earth's dayside magnetospheric cavity. The impact of these periodic solar wind density structures was observed in both magnetospheric magnetic field and energetic particle data. We further show that the structures were initially smaller‐amplitude, spatially larger, structures in the upstream slow solar wind and that the higher‐speed wind compressed and amplified these preexisting structures leading to a series of quasiperiodic density structures with periods typically near 20 min. Similar periodic density structures have been observed previously at L1 and in remote images, but never in the context of solar wind shocks and discontinuities. The existence of periodic density structures within stream interaction regions may play an important role in magnetospheric particle acceleration, loss, and transport, particularly for outer zone electrons that are highly responsive to ultralow frequency wave activity.
Upper Ocean Distribution of Glacial Meltwater in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Biddle Louise C. , Loose Brice , Heywood Karen J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPine Island Ice Shelf, in the Amundsen Sea, is losing mass due to increased heat transport by warm ocean water penetrating beneath the ice shelf and causing basal melt. Tracing this warm deep water and the resulting glacial meltwater can identify changes in melt rate and the regions most affected by the increased input of this freshwater. Here, optimum multiparameter analysis is used to deduce glacial meltwater fractions from independent water mass characteristics (standard hydrographic observations, noble gases, and oxygen isotopes), collected during a ship‐based campaign in the eastern Amundsen Sea in February–March 2014. Noble gases (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) and oxygen isotopes are used to trace the glacial melt and meteoric water found in seawater, and we demonstrate how their signatures can be used to rectify the hydrographic trace of glacial meltwater, which provides a much higher‐resolution picture. The presence of glacial meltwater is shown to mask the Winter Water properties, resulting in differences between the water mass analyses of up to 4‐g/kg glacial meltwater content. This discrepancy can be accounted for by redefining the “pure” Winter Water endpoint in the hydrographic glacial meltwater calculation. The corrected glacial meltwater content values show a persistent signature between 150 and 400 m of the water column across all of the sample locations (up to 535 km from Pine Island Ice Shelf), with increased concentration toward the west along the coastline. It also shows, for the first time, the signature of glacial meltwater flowing off‐shelf in the eastern channel.
Remote Sensing Properties of Freezing Rain Events From Space
Authors: Adhikari Abishek , Liu Chuntao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour years (April 2014 to March 2018) of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Precipitation Features data along with colocated the Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications‐2 model data are used to identify Freezing Rain Features (FRFs). A Precipitation Feature with presence of both melting layer (maximum temperature of the vertical column > 4 °C) and a layer of subfreezing air (2‐m temperature < 0 °C) adjacent to the surface is considered an FRF. During 4 years of observations, GPM and Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications‐2 identify approximately 3,096 FRFs globally (65°S–65°N). Most of them are observed over Northern Hemispheric land in the winter season. The majority of FRFs originates through the “melting process,” whereas only 35 features are associated with “warm rain” process. The locations and seasonal and diurnal distribution patterns of the FRFs over the United States are well matched with the ground‐based observations. The ground‐based observations verify approximately 70% of the FRFs over the United States. Ku‐band radar properties show that FRFs are found shallower (2–5 km) and less intense (<27 dBZ) than precipitation features in general but deeper and more intense than Snow Features. Passive microwave properties show that FRFs Tbs and Polarization‐Corrected Temperature are warmer than Snow Features at all GPM Microwave Imager channels with the largest differences in 166 GHz. The enhancement in Tbs are more distinct with warm rain FRFs. FRF Tb tends to decrease as echo top height increases at all GPM Microwave Imager channels except for 183 GHz, where Tbs have lack of dependence on echo top height.
Projected Changes in the Probability Distributions, Seasonality, and Spatiotemporal Scaling of Daily and Subdaily Extreme Precipitation Simulated by a 50‐Member Ensemble Over Northeastern North America
Authors: Innocenti S. , Mailhot A. , Leduc M. , Cannon A. J. , Frigon A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to produce modifications in the intensity, as well as in the seasonality and spatiotemporal structure of extreme precipitation. In the present study, the temporal evolution of simulated daily and subdaily precipitation extremes was analyzed to assess how they respond to climate warming over different time horizons. Pooling series from the recent 50‐member Canadian Regional Climate Model v5 Large Ensemble, the probability distributions, date and time of occurrences, and spatiotemporal structure of simulated Annual Maxima (AM) precipitation were analyzed at various spatial scales and for durations between 1 hr and 3 days. In agreement with previous studies, the results underline the large increases in AM precipitation quantiles, especially for the shortest durations and for the more extreme events (i.e., longest return periods), and modifications in their spatiotemporal scaling properties and annual and diurnal cycles. For instance, subdaily AM extremes are expected to occur later in the evening, while, no matter the duration, the extremes are expected to occur over a wider period of the year in future climate. Finally, the analysis of projected AM probability distributions showed that heavy‐tail Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions will most likely be observed in the future climate, with some model grid boxes experiencing a significant increase of GEV shape parameters. These results may have major consequences in terms of the occurrence and possible impacts of the most extreme precipitation events.