bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LES ENTENTES ADMINISTRATIVES EN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
Authors: Braën André 
Published: May 2019

L’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique confère au Parlement du Canada une compétence législative exclusive en matière de gestion et de conservation des pêcheries côtières et intérieures : cette compétence s’entend principalement de la gestion des ressources halieutiques et elle n’apparaît pas être absolue. En effet, il s’agit d’un pouvoir du Parlement dont l’exercice fut souvent contesté sur le plan judiciaire par les provinces; simplement parce qu’il met en cause le pouvoir fédéral exclusif de réglementer ce secteur, d’une part, et, d’autre part, les droits de propriété des provinces. C’est à la suite de décisions judiciaires sur le sujet que des ententes administratives ont été conclues entre les autorités fédérales et celles de quelques provinces. Règle générale, la conclusion de ces ententes a permis aux provinces qui en sont bénéficiaires d’appliquer certaines politiques en matière de gestion des pêcheries. Après un rappel des décisions judiciaires concernant l’étendue de la compétence fédérale en la matière et des droits provinciaux, l’auteur aborde l’étude du contenu de ces ententes ainsi que leur mécanisme d’application; l’étendue des pouvoirs délégués peut en effet varier d’une province à l’autre et l’auteur insiste particulièrement sur la spécificité de l’entente liant le Québec. Finalement, il s’interroge sur la validité des ententes actuelles sur un plan juridique.
LA LOI 89 ET LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVÉ
Authors: Groffier Éthel 
Published: May 2019

Par delà les modifications expresses apportées au droit interne, la Loi 89 rejoint tacitement les règles de conflit du droit international privé. Elle amènera les tribunaux à y élaborer de nouvelles solutions aux problèmes de droit de la famille, notamment ceux que l’auteur étudie en première partie, les estimant plus immédiats.
Et puisqu’un nouveau droit constitutionnel canadien prend forme, retournant aux provinces la juridiction en matière de mariage et de divorce, suit, dans un second temps, l’analyse de certains aménagements déjà proposés. Quelle sera la reconnaissance dans une province, d’un divorce, d’une ordonnance de pension alimentaire ou de garde d’un enfant, prononcés à l’extérieur de cette province ou du pays ? Des ententes et conventions internationales peuvent inspirer aux canadiens des solutions respectueuses tant des règles de conflit que de l’originalité des deux systèmes juridiques en présence.
LE NOUVEAU DROIT DE LA FAMILLE ET L’ADOPTION
Authors: Ouellette Monique 
Published: May 2019

Cet article contient deux parties. La première porte sur les principaux problèmes engendrés par la loi d’adoption de 1969. La jurisprudence a précisé certaines dispositions controversées et suggéré des éléments concrets de solution. Les tribunaux ont, à l’occasion, indiqué le chemin d’une réforme souhaitable.
La seconde partie envisage les dispositions de la Loi 89 pour y découvrir les remèdes aux difficultés mentionnées plus haut. Cette démarche entraîne la découverte de nouveaux problèmes qui passionneront sûrement les commentateurs de l’avenir. En dépit de son importance toute relative, le projet de Loi numéro 18, sur la procédure en matière d’adoption, retient l’attention. C’est le droit de l’avenir qui se fait aujourd’hui.
LES TRIBUNAUX ET LA PROTECTION DES DROITS DE LA PERSONNE AU CANADA
Authors: Blache Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Nous cherchons ici à identifier et à évaluer les rôles successivement assignés aux tribunaux judiciaires au Canada en ce qui a trait aux droits fondamentaux, et à rappeler leur performance. Nous tentons aussi, à la lumière de cette esquisse, de juger les propositions récentes visant à leur confier une responsabilité accrue dans la protection des droits de la personne.
Dans un premier temps nous rappelons que la société canadienne, qui réservait aux tribunaux judiciaires un rôle mineur dans la protection des droits de la personne, a choisi de leur confier un rôle clé en ce domaine au cours des dernières décennies. Ainsi les a-t-on obligés à ne pas donner effet aux lois contraires aux droits de la personne, et a-t-on opté pour un idéal d’égalité juridique à la réalisation duquel ils sont appelés à contribuer de façon déterminante.
À cet appel non équivoque nos tribunaux ont pourtant opposé une résistance marquée qui a abouti à une interprétation restrictive des droits fondamentaux. Celle-ci confine parfois presque à une fin de non recevoir.
Peut-on ignorer cette histoire lorsque vient l’heure de juger le projet de constitutionnaliser les droits de la personne ? Nous ne le croyons pas. Ne nous invite-t-elle pas à conclure que cette évolution proposée est le passage requis pour l’émergence des Tribunaux judiciaires hors de la pusillanamité, vers un contrôle judiciaire raisonnable des parlements au nom des valeurs premières de la société.
Considérations sur l’influence de la religion en droit public au Canada
Authors: Beaudoin Gérald-A. 
Published: May 2019

Sous le régime français, le catholicisme était religion d’État en pratique sinon
même en théorie.
Après la Conquête, sous le régime britannique (1760-1867), quatre constitutions se
sont succédées. La première fut peu libérale pour les catholiques. La seconde de 1774
reconnut le libre exercice de la religion catholique qui coexista avec la religion
anglicane; sous la troisième constitution, celle de 1791, les juifs se virent reconnaître
par une loi un statut d’égalité; sous la quatrième constitution, celle de 1840, fut adoptée
en 1851 une loi sur la liberté des cultes, encore en vigueur.
L’origine du régime canadien remonte à 1867, date de l’adoption de notre
constitution fédérale actuelle; cette cinquième constitution ne traite pas expressément de
religion si ce n’est pour protéger les droits confessionnels des catholiques et des
protestants. En 1982, le Canada se dotait d’une charte constitutionnelle des droits qui
consacre inter alia la liberté de conscience et de religion. Bien avant 1982
toutefois, la jurisprudence avait établi qu’il n’y a pas au Canada de religion d’État, que
toutes les religions sont sur un même pied, que tout citoyen peut pratiquer sa religion dans
le respect des lois et qu’il a aussi le droit de n’en point avoir.
Les religions catholique et protestante ont joué un grand rôle au Canada. Dans ce
pays multiculturel, multiconfessionnel, en pratique séculier, laïc, elles continuent quand
même d’influencer la législation dans le respect des croyances de chacun.
Construcción del currículo técnico-profesional desde la educación popular y sus componentes sociales en Ecuador.
Authors: Palop-Esteban Vicente , García Beatriz 
Published: May 2019

La Formación Profesional suele diseñarse desde un planteamiento meramente instrumental y únicamente orientada hacia la enseñanza de algún oficio o técnica productiva, pero pocas veces nos encontramos con experiencias donde se procura la educación integral como base para el desarrollo de la persona en combinación con la adquisición de conocimientos técnicos. En este sentido, el presente artículo pretende situar el contexto de la formación profesional y sus principales tendencias para luego, hacer una propuesta de construcción del currículo técnico desde la educación popular y sus componentes sociales de mirada centrada en el/la estudiante con un trasfondo de cambio estructural. La experiencia se pudo poner en práctica para la elaboración de la mención técnica del Bachillerato Intensivo en el Ecuador. Oferta Educativa programada desde Fe y Alegría Ecuador en alianza con el Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador para la atención de personas adultas con escolaridad inconclusa.
Order, please! Uncertainty in the ordinal-level classification of Chlorophyceae
Authors: Fučíková Karolina , Lewis Paul O. , Neupane Suman , Karol Kenneth G. , Lewis Louise A. 
Published: May 2019

Background
Chlorophyceae is one of three most species-rich green algal classes and also the only class in core Chlorophyta whose monophyly remains uncontested as gene and taxon sampling improves. However, some key relationships within Chlorophyceae are less clear-cut and warrant further investigation. The present study combined genome-scale chloroplast data and rich sampling in an attempt to resolve the ordinal classification in Chlorophyceae. The traditional division into Sphaeropleales and Volvocales (SV), and a clade containing Oedogoniales, Chaetopeltidales, and Chaetophorales (OCC) was of particular interest with the addition of deeply branching members of these groups, as well as the placement of several incertae sedis taxa.

Methods
We sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes across Chlorophyceae to compile a data set of 58 protein-coding genes of a total of 68 chlorophycean taxa. We analyzed the concatenated nucleotide and amino acid datasets in the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood frameworks, supplemented by analyses to examine potential discordant signal among genes. We also examined gene presence and absence data across Chlorophyceae.

Results
Concatenated analyses yielded at least two well-supported phylogenies: nucleotide data supported the traditional classification with the inclusion of the enigmatic Treubarinia into Sphaeropleales sensu lato. However, amino acid data yielded equally strong support for Sphaeropleaceae as sister to Volvocales, with the rest of the taxa traditionally classified in Sphaeropleales in a separate clade, and Treubarinia as sister to all of the above. Single-gene and other supplementary analyses indicated that the data have low phylogenetic signal at these critical nodes. Major clades were supported by genomic structural features such as gene losses and trans-spliced intron insertions in the plastome.

Discussion
While the sequence and gene order data support the deep split between the SV and OCC lineages, multiple phylogenetic hypotheses are possible for Sphaeropleales s.l. Given this uncertainty as well as the higher-taxonomic disorder seen in other algal groups, dwelling on well-defined, strongly supported Linnaean orders is not currently practical in Chlorophyceae and a less formal clade system may be more useful in the foreseeable future. For example, we identify two strongly and unequivocally supported clades: Treubarinia and Scenedesminia, as well as other smaller groups that could serve a practical purpose as named clades. This system does not preclude future establishment of new orders, or emendment of the current ordinal classification if new data support such conclusions.
Identification of microRNA signatures in umbilical cord blood associated with maternal characteristics
Authors: Juracek Jaroslav , Piler Pavel , Janku Petr , Radova Lenka , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundUmbilical cord blood could serve as useful source of blood markers enabling more efficient and reliable prenatal and neonatal diagnostics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous in body fluids where they were used for detecting and monitoring various physiological and pathological conditions. In this descriptive study, we aimed to identify changes in miRNA expression profiles associated with basic maternal somatic and epidemiological characteristics.MethodsStudy is based on 24 mothers from the Pilot phase of CELSPAC: TNG (Central European Longitudinal Studies of Parents and Children: The Next Generation) study. Cord blood was collected at time of delivery and global miRNA profiling was performed using microRNA Ready-to-use PCR Human Panel I+II TaqMan microarrays. Expression profiles were statistically evaluated in relation to maternal age, BMI, pregnancy weight gain, blood type, Rh factor status, allergies during pregnancy, addictive substance abuse and smoking status.ResultsWe analyzed expression of 752 human mature miRNAs in 24 samples of umbilical cord blood. For all maternal characteristics tested we described a specific signature of significantly deregulated miRNAs (P < 0.05). Analysis revealed seven miRNA associated with maternal age (three increased and four decreased in women younger than 35 years), 14 miRNAs associated with BMI status (five miRNAs increased and nine miRNAs decreased in women with BMI > 25) and nine miRNAs associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (eight miRNAs increased, and one miRNA decreased in women with weight gain < 12 kg). Additionally, 17 miRNAs correlated to blood type (two miRNAs decreased in blood type A, 11 increased in blood type B, two miRNAs increased in blood type AB and two miRNAs increased in blood type 0) and 17 miRNAs to Rh status of mother. We also detected seven miRNAs deregulated in umbilical cord blood of women with allergy (four increased and three decreased in women with allergy), four miRNAs associated to addictive substance abuse status (two up- and two downregulated in women with addictive substance abuse) and eight miRNAs associated with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy.ConclusionsWe successfully described differences in miRNA profiles in umbilical cord blood associated with basic characteristics connected with mother. Our data suggest that miRNAs in umbilical cord blood are detectable and associated with a wide range of maternal characteristics. These results indicate that miRNAs could potentially serve, and should be studied, as biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of pregnancy-associated complications and pathologies.
Giving short‐term prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic hepatic resection
Authors: Shinkawa Hiroji , Tanaka Shogo , Takemura Shigekazu , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Nishioka Takayoshi , Ito Tokuji , Miyazaki Toru , Ishihara Atsushi , Kubo Shoji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe 2016 guidelines of the Japan Society for Surgical Infection and the Japan Society of Chemotherapy advocate giving prophylactic antibiotics 1 hour before surgery and until 24 hours after surgery in patients undergoing elective hepatic resection. However, the efficacy of short‐term antimicrobial prophylaxis has not been evaluated according to surgical approach. We evaluated the efficacy of giving prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing open or laparoscopic hepatic resection.MethodsThe study comprised 218 and 185 patients undergoing open and pure laparoscopic hepatic resection, respectively. Incidence rates of postoperative infectious complications were compared between patients who received flomoxef sodium as the prophylactic antibiotic before and until 24 hours after surgery (short‐term group) and those who received flomoxef sodium until 72 hours after surgery (long‐term group) among patients undergoing open or laparoscopic hepatic resection. Propensity score matching analysis was carried out to adjust for confounding factors between the short‐ and long‐term groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the postoperative infectious complication incidence between the short‐ and long‐term groups among patients undergoing open (18.9% vs 12.2%; P = 0.36) or laparoscopic (3.3% vs 1.7%; P > 0.99) hepatic resection after propensity score matching. Incidence rate of surgical site infections was comparable between the short‐ and long‐term groups among patients undergoing open (13.5% vs 10.8%; P = 0.80) or laparoscopic (3.3% vs 1.7%; P > 0.99) hepatic resection.ConclusionGiving short‐term prophylactic antibiotics might be sufficient in preventing postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic hepatic resection.
RAF1 variant in a patient with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and craniosynostosis
Authors: Rodríguez Fernando , Ponce Diana , Berward Francisco J. , Lopetegui Bernardita , Cassorla Fernando , Aracena Mariana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 14 years and 8 months girl, who is the first child of nonconsanguineous parents, with short stature, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, multiple facial lentigines, high and wide forehead, downslanting palpebral fissures, low‐set ears, short neck, and pectus excavatum; all features suggestive of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML). In addition, the patient exhibited craniosynostosis. Molecular analysis of rats sarcoma (RAS)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes with high‐resolution melting curve analysis followed by sequencing showed a RAF1 amino acid substitution of valine to glycine at position 263 (p.V263G). The present report provides clinical data regarding the first association of a RAF1 variant and craniosynostosis in a patient with clinical diagnosis of NSML.
Covalent Organic Frameworks: Chemical Approaches to Designer Structures and Built‐In Functions
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Geng Keyu , Liu Ruoyang , Tan Ke Tian , Gong Yifan , Li Zhongping , Tao Shanshan , Jiang Qiuhong , Jiang Donglin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new approach has been developed to design organic polymers using topology diagrams. This strategy enables covalent integration of organic units into ordered topologies and creates a new polymer form, that is, covalent organic frameworks. This is a breakthrough in chemistry because it sets a molecular platform for synthesizing polymers with predesignable primary and high‐order structures, which has been a central aim for over a century but unattainable with traditional design principles. This new field has its own features that are distinct from conventional polymers. This Review summarizes the fundamentals as well as major progress by focusing on the chemistry used to design structures, including the principles, synthetic strategies, and control methods. We scrutinize built‐in functions that are specific to the structures by revealing various interplays and mechanisms involved in the expression of function. We propose major fundamental issues to be addressed in chemistry as well as future directions from physics, materials, and application perspectives.
Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Derivatives as Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Kinetic Studies and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wolińska Ewa , Hałdys Katarzyna , Góra Jerzy , Olszewski Tomasz K. , Boduszek Bogdan , Latajka Rafał 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA dozen of phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives containing pyridine moiety were synthesized and its inhibitory activity toward mushroom tyrosinase was investigated. Moreover, molecular docking of these compounds to the active site of the enzyme was performed. All the compounds (1–10) demonstrated the inhibitory effect with the IC50and inhibition constants ranging millimolar concentrations. The obtained results indicate that the compounds show different types of inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, mixed), but all of them are reversible inhibitors. The obtained outcomes allowed to make the structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis. Compound4([(benzylamino)(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]phenylphosphinic acid) revealed the lowest IC50value of 0.3 mmand inhibitory constant ofKi0.076 mm, with noncompetitive type and reversible mechanism of inhibition. According to SAR analysis, introducing bulky phenyl moieties to phosphonic and amino groups plays an important role in the inhibitory potency on activity of mushroom tyrosinase and could be useful in design and development of a new class of potent organophosphorus inhibitors of tyrosinase. Combined results of molecular docking and SAR analysis can be helpful in designing novel tyrosinase inhibitors of desired properties. They may have broad application in food industry and cosmetology.
Association between advanced cancer patient‐caregiver agreement regarding prognosis and hospice enrollment
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Prigerson Holly G. , Shen Megan Johnson , Tancredi Daniel J. , Xing Guibo , Hoerger Michael , Epstein Ronald M. , Duberstein Paul R. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundPatients with advanced, incurable cancer who understand their illness is incurable are more likely to prefer hospice care at the end of life compared with patients who believe their illness is curable. To the authors' knowledge, it is unclear whether patient‐caregiver agreement regarding perceived prognosis is associated with hospice enrollment.MethodsThe current study examined the prospective relationship between patient‐caregiver agreement concerning perceived prognosis and hospice enrollment in the last 30 days of life. Data were collected during a cluster randomized controlled trial examining a communication intervention for oncologists and patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. At the time of study entry, patients and caregivers (141 dyads) were categorized as endorsing a “good” prognosis if they: 1) reported a >50% chance of surviving ≥2 years; or if they 2) predicted that the patient's quality of life 3 months into the future would be ≥7 on an 11‐point scale.ResultsApproximately one‐fifth of dyads agreed on a poor prognosis whereas approximately one‐half disagreed regarding prognosis. In approximately one‐third of dyads, patients and caregivers both believed the patient's future quality of life would be good (34%) and that the patient would live for ≥2 years (30%). Patients in these dyads were less likely to enroll in hospice compared with patients in dyads who disagreed and those who agreed on a shorter life expectancy and poor future quality of life.ConclusionsDyadic understanding of patients' projected life expectancy and future quality of life appears to be predictive of care received at the end of life. Improving rates of hospice enrollment may be best achieved with dyadic interventions.
Ultrasound‐Guided Approaches to Improve Orthotopic Mouse Xenograft Models for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bou About Ghina , Thiebault Emilie , Wattenhofer‐Donzé Marie , Jacobs Hugues , Guimond Alain , Sorg Tania , Robinet Eric , Baumert Thomas F. , Monassier Laurent , Herault Yann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. While curative approaches for early stage HCC exist, effective treatment options for advanced HCC are lacking. Furthermore, there are no efficient chemopreventive strategies to limit HCC development once cirrhosis is established. One challenge for drug development is unsatisfactory animal models. In this article, we describe an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of human liver cancer cell lines through image‐guided injection into the liver. This technique provides a less invasive yet highly efficient approach to engraft human HCC into mouse liver. Similarly, image‐guided injections are used to deliver chemotherapeutics locally, enabling reduction in potential systemic adverse effects, while reducing the required dose for a therapeutic effect. In summary, this image‐guided strategy provides a novel and convenient approach to improve current HCC mouse models. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.