bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume as a Predictor of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: Kauw Frans , Bennink Edwin , de Jong Hugo W.A.M. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Horsch Alexander D. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Dankbaar Jan W. ,   on behalf of the DUST Investigators, Majoie C.B. , Roos Y.B. , Duijm L.E. , Keizer K. , van der Lugt A. , Dippel D.W. , Droogh-de Greve K.E. , Bienfait H.P. , van Walderveen M.A. , Wermer M.J. , Lycklama à Nijeholt G.J. , Boiten J. , Gasthuis Onze Lieve Vrouwe , Duyndam D. , Kwa V.I. , Meijer F.J. , van Dijk E.J. , Kesselring F.O. , Hofmeijer J. , Vos J.A. , Schonewille W.J. , van Rooij W.J. , de Kort P.L. , Pleiter C.C. , Bakker S.L. , Bot J. , Visser M.C. , van der Schaaf I.C. , Mali W.P. , van Seeters T. , Niesten J.M. , Biessels G.J. , Luitse M.J. , van der Graaf Y. 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—
Predicting malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction can help to identify patients who may benefit from preventive decompressive surgery. We aimed to investigate the association between the ratio of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume to intracranial volume (ICV) and malignant MCA infarction.

Methods—
Patients with an occlusion proximal to the M3 segment of the MCA were selected from the DUST (Dutch Acute Stroke Study). Admission imaging included noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT perfusion, and CT angiography. Patient characteristics and CT findings were collected. The ratio of intracranial CSF volume to ICV (CSF/ICV) was quantified on admission thin-slice noncontrast CT. Malignant MCA infarction was defined as a midline shift of >5 mm on follow-up noncontrast CT, which was performed 3 days after the stroke or in case of clinical deterioration. To test the association between CSF/ICV and malignant MCA infarction, odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for 3 multivariable models by using binary logistic regression. Model performances were compared by using the likelihood ratio test.

Results—

Of the 286 included patients, 35 (12%) developed malignant MCA infarction. CSF/ICV was independently associated with malignant MCA infarction in 3 multivariable models: (1) with age and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1–11.1), (2) with admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and poor collateral score (odds ratio, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.6–21.3), and (3) with terminal internal carotid artery or proximal M1 occlusion and poor collateral score (odds ratio, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.8–23.9). The performance of model 1 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.795 versus 0.824;
P
=0.033), model 2 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.813 versus 0.850;
P
<0.001), and model 3 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.811 versus 0.856;
P
<0.001) improved significantly after adding CSF/ICV.

Conclusions—
The CSF/ICV ratio is associated with malignant MCA infarction and has added value to clinical and imaging prediction models in limited numbers of patients.
Detrimental Effect of Chronic Hypertension on Leptomeningeal Collateral Flow in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fujita Kyohei , Tanaka Kanta , Yamagami Hiroshi , Ide Toshihiro , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Sonoda Kazutaka , Satow Tetsu , Takahashi Jun C. , Ihara Masafumi , Koga Masatoshi , Yokota Takanori , Toyoda Kazunori 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic hypertension on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke using digital subtraction angiography, which is the gold standard for the assessment of collateral circulation.

Methods—
Of the consecutive ischemic stroke patients from October 2011 to December 2017 seen in our institution, patients with acute occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery confirmed on initial digital subtraction angiography were enrolled. Chronic hypertension was defined as its documentation before the index stroke or as the administration of antihypertensive medications before onset. Angiographic leptomeningeal collateral flow was evaluated according to the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology Collateral Flow Grading System and dichotomized the findings into excellent (grade 3–4) or poor (grade 0–2) collateral status for analysis.

Results—

Of the 3759 consecutive ischemic stroke patients, 100 patients were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients (39%) had poor collateral status. Patients with poor collateral status were older, more frequently male, and had chronic hypertension more frequently, shorter time from onset to angiography, and higher admission systolic blood pressure than those with excellent collateral status. Multivariable logistic analysis with prespecified covariates showed a significantly positive association between chronic hypertension and poor collateral status (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.08–7.70;
P
=0.034). This association was independent of admission systolic blood pressure. The proportion of patients with poor collateral status increased in a stepwise manner in patients without chronic hypertension, hypertensive patients with premorbid antihypertensive medications, and hypertensive patients without antihypertensive medications (
P
for trend <0.001).

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that chronic hypertension has a detrimental effect on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with cerebral large-vessel occlusion.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
The Philocalia of Origen: A Crude or Creative Composition?
Authors: Blaski Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to demonstrate the underlying theological and structural sophistication of the fourth-century Philocalia of Origen, despite its apparent lack of thematic and editorial coherence. In the past, chapter fifteen has been singled out as a particular example of disorder, as it consists of two seemingly unrelated topics: the language of scripture and the flesh of Christ. In response, this article carefully examines chapter fifteen, arguing that the editors of the Philocalia intentionally and carefully placed these topics beside one another in order to reveal that they are both manifestations of one and the same subject: the Word of God.
Origen the Sophist: Anti-Sophistic Polemic in Porphyry’s Contra Christianos
Authors: Becker Matthias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Making use of Beatrice Wyss’ “pattern of the disparagement of sophists” for heuristic purposes, this paper argues that the depictions of Christian exegetes and scholars in a fragment of Porphyry’s lost work Contra Christianos (fr. 39 Harnack/fr. 6F. Becker) contain literary elements of ad hominem attacks which were used in Greek anti-sophistic polemic. Porphyry’s allusive language allows for the conclusion that he aimed specifically at casting Origen in the role of a sophist. This hitherto unnoticed component of Porphyry’s polemic against the Christians sheds light on how Platonists in the third century viewed Christian intellectuals through a Platonic lens in order to secure their identity against a stereotypical opponent which had ultimately been created by Plato himself. Thus, in Porphyry’s view, Christians are, as it were, new foes with old familiar faces.
On the Covariability of Cloud and Rain Water as a Function of Length Scale
Authors: Witte Mikael K. , Morrison Hugh , Jensen Jørgen B. , Bansemer Aaron , Gettelman Andrew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicrophysics parameterizations in large-scale models often account for subgrid variability in the calculation of process rates by integrating over assumed subgrid distributions of the input variables. The variances and covariances that define distribution width may be specified or diagnosed. The correlation ρ of cloud and rain mass mixing ratio/liquid water content (LWC) is a key input for accurate prediction of the accretion rate and a constant value is typically assumed. In this study, high-frequency aircraft measurements with a spatial resolution of ≈22 cm are used to evaluate the scaling behavior of cloud and rain LWC (qc and qr, respectively) and to demonstrate how and why covariability varies with length scale ℓ. It is shown that power spectral densities of both qc and qr exhibit scale invariance across a wide range of scales (2.04–142 m for qc; 33–1.45 × 104 m for qr). Because the cloud–rain cospectrum is also scale invariant, ρ is therefore expected to vary with ℓ. Direct calculation of ρ shows that it generally increases with ℓ, but there is significant variability in the ρ–ℓ relationship that primarily depends on cloud drop number concentration N and cloud cellular organization, suggesting that ρ may also vary with cloud regime. A parameterization of ρ as a function of ℓ and N is developed from aircraft observations and implications for diagnosis of ρ from limited-area model output are also discussed.
Molecular classification of colorectal cancer using the gene expression profile of tumor samples
Authors: Rashid Mamoon , Vishwakarma Ramesh K , Deeb Ahmad M , Hussein Mohamed A , Aziz Mohammad A 
Published: May 2019

Molecular classifications of colorectal cancer are benefitting cancer research by providing insights into subtype-specific disease prognosis and improved therapeutic interventions. Different conventional DNA markers, such as microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, chromosomal instability, and BRAF and KRAS mutations, have been used to classify colorectal cancer patients but have not yet shown promising prognostic values. Here, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we show a classification of colorectal cancer tumors from Saudi Arabian patients based on the gene expression profile. An existing method of colorectal cancer subtyping has been applied to the gene expression profile of tumors from Saudi colorectal cancer patients. A survival analysis was done on the predicted colorectal cancer subtypes. In silico functional analyses were conducted on the gene signature used for the subtype prediction. The predicted subtypes showed a distinct but statistically insignificant overall survival distribution (log-rank test, P = 0.069). A comparison of the predicted subtypes in Saudi colorectal cancer patients with that of French patients showed significant dissimilarity in the two populations (Chi-square test, P = 0.0091). Functional analyses of the gene signatures used for subtyping suggest their association with “cancer” and “gastrointestinal diseases.” Most of the signature genes were found differentially expressed in colorectal cancer tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues. This classification framework might facilitate the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Impact statement Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease and subtyping could be useful in implementing precision medicine approach. In this report, we identified molecular subtypes in relatively less studied CRC patients from Saudi Arabia using the prediction model developed on the French population. The predicted subtypes showed distinct overall survival among the six subtypes. Chi-square results exhibited the dissimilarity between French and Saudi colorectal cancer patient population in terms of subtype distribution ( P value = 0.0091). Gene signature (57 genes) used for subtyping was found to be functionally relevant as evident from the pathway analyses. These genes were found to be associated with gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Genes used for subtyping were found to be differentially expressed in Saudi colorectal cancer patient samples when compared with their own normal tissue. Taken together, this study supports a classification method for CRC patients by using patient samples from a different geographical region.
Functional non-epileptic attacks: essential information for psychiatrists
Authors: Sheldon Rollo J.G. , Agrawal Niruj 
Published: May 2019

Functional non-epileptic attacks (FNEA) are seizure-like events occurring in the absence of epilepsy. Having had many different names over the years including dissociative convulsions and pseudo-seizures, they now fall in the borderland between neurology and psychiatry, often not accepted by either specialty. However, there is evidence that there is a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity in these patients and therefore it is likely that psychiatrists will come across patients with FNEA and they should know the broad principles of assessment and management.We have provided a clinically based overview of the evidence regarding epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, differentiation from epilepsy, prognosis, assessment and treatment.By the end of this article, readers should be able to understand the difference between epileptic seizures and FNEA, know how to manage acute FNEA, and understand the principles of neuropsychiatric assessment and management of these patients, based on knowledge of the evidence base.Consent statementInformed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of Box 1.Declaration of interestNone.
Overall Survival of Patients With ALK-Positive Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Russian Federation: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Tsimafeyeu Ilya , Moiseenko Fedor , Orlov Sergei , Filippova Elena , Belonogov Alexander , Nebesnykh Aleksey , Khalimov Amir , Karabina Elena , Shikina Valentina , Abdelgafur Ahmed , Statsenko Galina , Titova Irina , Isaichikov Dmitry , Makarnyaeva Galina , Mordovskiy Aleksey , Barkovskaya Oksana , Smirnov Aleksey , Gikalo Marina , Savelov Nikita , Kosov Dmitry , Imyanitov Evgeny , Demidova Irina , Tjulandin Sergei 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE The overall survival (OS) results in patients with ALK-positive metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have rarely been reported. The aim of this prospective-retrospective cohort study was to obtain real-world data on the use of crizotinib or chemotherapy in patients with ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC in Russia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor–negative metastatic NSCLC were screened in 23 cancer centers. To be eligible, patients were required to have confirmation of ALK rearrangement. Patients were treated with crizotinib (250 mg twice daily; n = 96) or the investigator’s choice of platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 53). The primary end point was OS. RESULTS A total of 149 ALK-positive patients were included. Mean age was 53 years in both groups. Patients were predominately women (59%) and never-smokers (74%), and most patients had adenocarcinoma histology (95%). At a median follow-up time of 15 months, 79 of the 149 patients included in the analysis had died. Median OS from the start of treatment was 31 months (95% CI, 28.5 to 33.5 months) in the crizotinib group and 15.0 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 21.0 months) in the chemotherapy group ( P < .001). The objective response rate was 34% in the crizotinib group. Among patients with brain metastasis, one complete response (6%) and five partial responses (31%) were achieved. Grade 3 adverse events were observed in three patients (3%) in the crizotinib group. CONCLUSION The improved OS observed in crizotinib clinical trials in ALK-positive NSCLC was also observed in the less selective patient populations treated in daily practice in Russia. The use of standard chemotherapy in these patients remains common but seems inappropriate as a result of the effectiveness of newer treatments, such as crizotinib.
Benefits of Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Umbrella Review
Authors: DIPIETRO LORETTA , EVENSON KELLY R. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , SPROW KYLE , TROIANO RICHARD P. , PIERCY KATRINA L. , VAUX-BJERKE ALISON , POWELL KENNETH E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to summarize the evidence from the2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, including new evidence from an updated search of the effects of physical activity on maternal health during pregnancy and postpartum.MethodsAn initial search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016. An updated search then identified additional systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2017 and February 2018. The searches were conducted in PubMed®, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and supplemented through hand searches of reference lists of included articles and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsThe original and updated searches yielded a total of 76 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Strong evidence demonstrated that moderate-intensity physical activity reduced the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and symptoms of postpartum depression. Limited evidence suggested an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and antenatal anxiety and depressive symptomology. Insufficient evidence was available to determine the effect of physical activity on postpartum weight loss, postpartum anxiety, and affect during both pregnancy and postpartum. For all health outcomes, there was insufficient evidence to determine whether the relationships varied by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or prepregnancy weight status.ConclusionsThe gestational period is an opportunity to promote positive health behaviors that can have both short- and long-term benefits for the mother. Given the low prevalence of physical activity in young women in general, and the high prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among the U.S. population, the public health importance of increasing physical activity in women of childbearing age before, during, and after pregnancy is substantial.
Physical Activity to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Authors: PESCATELLO LINDA S. , BUCHNER DAVID M. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , POWELL KENNETH E. , KRAUS WILLIAM E. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , DIETZ SONDRA , DIPIETRO LORETTA , GEORGE STEPHANIE M. , MACKO RICHARD F. , MCTIERNAN ANNE , PATE RUSSELL R. , PIERCY KATRINA L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This systematic umbrella review examines and updates the evidence on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) presented in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.

Methods
We performed a systematic review to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension published from 2006 to February 2018.

Results
In total, 17 meta-analyses and one systematic review with 594,129 adults ≥18 yr qualified. Strong evidence demonstrates: 1) an inverse dose–response relationship between PA and incident hypertension among adults with normal BP; 2) PA reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression among adults with hypertension; 3) PA reduces BP among adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension; and 4) the magnitude of the BP response to PA varies by resting BP, with greater benefits among adults with prehypertension than normal BP. Moderate evidence indicates the relationship between resting BP and the magnitude of benefit does not vary by PA type among adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension. Limited evidence suggests the magnitude of the BP response to PA varies by resting BP among adults with hypertension. Insufficient evidence is available to determine if factors such as sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and weight status or the frequency, intensity, time, and duration of PA influence the associations between PA and BP.

Conclusions
Future research is needed that adheres to standard BP measurement protocols and classification schemes to better understand the influence of PA on the risk of comorbid conditions, health-related quality of life, and CVD progression and mortality; the interactive effects between PA and antihypertensive medication use; and the immediate BP-lowering benefits of PA.
Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors
Authors: Latif Muhammad Zahid , Khan Muhammad Athar , Afzal Saira , Gilani Syed Amir 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To find out the association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors.
Methods: After the approval of ethical review board, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eight high schools of public and private sector at Lahore during the period of seven months from August 2017 to March 2018. Multistage random sampling technique was opted and 2000 study subjects were recruited including 50% boys and 50% girls. Informed consent was obtained and data was collected on a structured questionnaire. The data was organized, entered in version 23 of IBM SPSS and analyzed by the use of statistical tools.
Results: Age of the respondents ranged between nine to 18 years with a mean of 13.40±1.82 SD. Parental history of wearing spectacles was present in 21.3% of the fathers and 28.6% of the mothers. Moreover, 72.4% of the participants never visited eye care professional. Among private schools, an association was found between the visit of boys to eye care professional and maternal positive history of wearing spectacles (p-value 0.019). A significant association was found between the positive paternal history of wearing spectacles and visit of the female strudy subjects to an eye care professional (p-value 0.001). In public schools, there was an association between visit of children to eye care services and positive history of mothers about the use of spectacles (p-value 0.018).
Conclusions: This study concludes that positive maternal history of wearing spectacles is associated with the ophthalmic examination of children in both public and private school.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1010
How to cite this:Latif MZ, Khan MA, Afzal S, Gilani SA. Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):743-748. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1010
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.