bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Morphometric Study of the Maxillary Artery and Lingula in Relation to Mandibular Ramus Osteotomies and TMJ Surgery
Authors: Balcioglu Huseyin Avni , Kilic Cenk , Varol Altan , Ozan Hasan , Kocabiyik Necdet , Yildirim Mehmet 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Mandibular osteotomies and resection of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis are the mostly performed surgical procedures in the infratemporal fossa, which is in close proximity with the main trunk of the maxillary artery (MA). It is imperative to avoid the trunk or branches of the maxillary artery, otherwise, massive intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage may develop. The goal of the study was to investigate the position of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa and the lingula of the mandible.Methods: Significant landmarks were selected on the mandibles of formalin fixed cadavers, and the distances were measured between the maxillary artery and the bony landmarks with a digital caliper.Results: The average distances between the MA and the articular eminence, the medial cortex of the mandibular ramus, the inferior border of the pterygoid fovea and the mandibular notch were 1.67±0.48 mm, 5.38±2.47 mm, 16.84±1.74 mm, 2.94±0.52 mm, respectively. Course pattern of the MA at the subcondylar level was also mapped. In order to determine the position of the lingula, the average distances between the tip of the lingula and the mandibular notch, the inferior border of the ramus, the anterior margin of the ramus and posterior margin of the ramus were measured and found as 15.4±2.1 mm, 49.5±4.3 mm, 18.1±2.7 mm, 16.6±2.5 mm, respectively. No significant differences were found between the right and left sides, for all parameters.Conclusions: The studied parameters will assist and navigate clinicians to determine the anatomic proximity to the maxillary artery, and, minimize the risk of damaging the vessel. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:166-169)
Effect of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Enamel and Dentin Surface Micromorphology and Roughness of Uremic Patients: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study
Authors: Mahmoud Salah Hasab , Elembaby Abeer El Sayed , Zaher Ahmed Ragheb , Grawish Mohammed El-Awady , Elsabaa Heba M , El- Negoly Salwa Abd El-Raof , Sobh Mohamed Abdel Kader 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on surface micromorphology and roughness of enamel and root dentin of uremic patients receiving hemodialysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Methods: A total of 20 sound molars were collected from healthy individuals (n=10) and uremic patients (n=10). The roots were separated from their crowns at the cemento-enamel junction. Dental slabs (3 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) were obtained from the buccal surface for enamel slabs and the cervical third of the root surface for dentin slabs. Dental slabs were then flattened and serially polished up to #2500-grit roughness using silicon carbide abrasive papers. Half of the slabs obtained from healthy individuals and uremic patients were stored in artificial saliva and left without bleaching for control and comparison. The remaining half was subjected to a bleaching treatment using 16% carbamide peroxide gel (Polanight, SDI Limited) 8 h/day for 14 days and stored in artificial saliva until AFM analysis was performed. Statistical analysis of the roughness average (Ra) results was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons test.Results: The micromorphological observation of bleached, healthy enamel showed exaggerated prism irregularities more than non-bleached specimens, and this observation was less pronounced in bleached uremic enamel specimens with the lowest Ra. Bleached healthy dentin specimens showed protruded peritubular dentin and eroded intertubular dentin with the highest Ra compared to bleached uremic dentin.Conclusions: The negative effects of the bleaching gel on uremic tooth substrates are less dramatic and non-destructive compared to healthy substrates because uremia confers different micromorphological surface changes. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:175-181)
Rate of Compliance with Hand Hygiene by Dental Healthcare Personnel (DHCP) within a Dentistry Healthcare First Aid Facility
Authors: Amorim-Finzi Marcília Batista de , Cezar Cury Mauro Vieira , Costa Cláudio Rodrigues R. , Santos Angelis Costa dos , Melo Geraldo Batista de 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the compliance with the opportunities of hand hygiene by dentistry school healthcare professionals, as well as the higher choice products.Methods: Through direct observation, the oral healthcare team-professors, oral and maxillofacial surgery residents, graduation students-for daily care were monitored: before performing the first treatment of the shift, after snacks and meals, and after going to the bathroom (initial opportunities) as well as between patients’ care, and after ending the shift (following opportunities).Results: The professors’ category profited 78.4% of all opportunities while residents and graduation students did not reach 50.0% of compliance. Statistically significant data (P≤.05) were seen between categories: professors and residents, professors and graduation students, and between genders within the residents’ category. When opportunities were profited, the preferred choice for hand hygiene was water and soap (82.2%), followed by 70% alcohol (10.2%), and both (7.6%).Conclusions: Although gloves were worn in all procedures, we concluded that the hygiene compliance by these professionals was under the expectation. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:233-237)
Filling Lateral Canals: Evaluation of Different Filling Techniques
Authors: Carvalho-Sousa Bruno , Almeida-Gomes Fábio , Borba Carvalho Pollyana Rabelo , Cláudio Maníglia-Ferreira , Gurgel-Filho Eduardo Diogo , Albuquerque Diana Santana 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro quantitative laboratorial study is to compare the ability of three filling techniques to fill simulated lateral canals.Methods: Thirty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping, three lateral canals were created, one in each third. The teeth were randomly separated into three groups: continuous wave of condensation (Group 1); thermomechanical compaction (Group 2); and lateral condensation (Group 3). The teeth were cross-sectioned, making the cut through points over the lateral canals; thus, 90 specimens were obtained. Each specimen was immersed in a polyester resin, and the blocks were polished. Images were obtained using a stereoscopic lens (40x). Radiographic analysis was performed, followed by a filling linear measure using the Image Tool 3.0 program (University of Texas). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Windows (Kruskal- Wallis test).Results: A greater number of simulated lateral canals were obturated in Groups 1 and 2. Group 2 presented the largest percentage of linear measure of lateral canals filling with gutta-percha and sealer. No statistical differences were found between Group 1 and Group 2 when we analyzed the filling with gutta-percha and sealer or just sealer (P>.05).Conclusions: Thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling techniques (Groups 1 and 2) are better for filling lateral canal with gutta-percha and sealer or with just sealer than lateral condensation (Group 3). (Eur J Dent 2010;4:251-256)
Prevalence of Caries on Individual Tooth Surfaces and its Distribution by Age and Gender in University Clinic Patients
Authors: Demirci Mustafa , Tuncer Safa , Yuceokur Ahmet Ayhan 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence rate of caries on individual permanent tooth surfaces, and to compare individual tooth surface caries rates among gender and age groups.Methods: Without drying the teeth, examinations were performed with dental mirrors and blunt, sickle-shaped explorers under a dental chair light, according to WHO recommendations.Results: Caries distribution was higher in the maxillary jaw (62.4%) than in the mandibular jaw (37.6%). Except molars, approximal surfaces of all teeth demonstrated the highest caries rates, ranging from 58.5% to 77.5%. Occlusal fissures on the first and second molars contributed most significantly to caries frequency, from 52.7% to 66.3%. Females (59.1%) showed a higher incidence of caries than males (40.9%). Approximal surfaces of incisors, canines, premolars and occlusal fissure sites in molars showed the highest caries rates in both sexes. Caries were most common among individuals aged 17 to 25 years. Approximal surfaces of incisors, canines, premolars and occlusal surfaces in molars had the highest caries rates in all age groups, except for individuals older than 65 years of age.Conclusions: Gender and age do not affect the prevalence of caries on teeth sites. In addition, more caries are experienced in younger age groups, and their incidence decreases as age increases. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:270-279)
Influence of Blood Contamination on Bond Strength of a Self-Etching System
Authors: de Carvalho Mendonça Ellen Cristina , Vieira Samuel Nilo , Kawaguchi Fernando Aparecido , Powers John , Matos Adriana Bona 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To detect the influence of blood contamination (BC) on the bond strength (BS) of a selfetching bonding system (SES) to enamel and dentine.Methods: 25 human molars were longitudinally sectioned on the mesio-distal axis in order to obtain 50 specimens, which were embedded in acrylic resin. At first, the specimens were ground to expose a flat surface of enamel, and a bond strength test was performed. Afterwards, the samples were ground again in order to obtain a flat surface of dentine. Ten groups (total: n=100) were assigned according to substrate (enamel and dentine), step in the bonding sequence when contamination occurred (before the acidic primer and after the bonding resin), and contamination treatment (dry or rinse and dry procedure). Fresh human blood was introduced either before or after SES application (Clearfil SE Bond) and treated with air drying, or by rinsing and drying following application. Composite resin (Filtek Z-250,3M ESPE) was applied as inverted, truncated cured cones that were debonded in tension.Results: The mean tensile BS values (MPa) for enamel/dentine were 19.4/23.0 and 17.1/10.0 for rinse-and-dry treatment (contamination before and after SES, respectively); while the measurements for the dry treatment, 16.2/23.3 and 0.0/0.0 contamination before and after SES, respectively.Conclusions: It was determined that blood contamination impaired adhesion to enamel and dentine when it occurred after bond light curing. Among the tested contamination treatments, the rinseand- dry treatment produced the highest bond strength with BC after SES application, but it was not sufficient to recover the BS in the contamination-free group. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:280-286)
Severity of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs among 12- to 15-Year-Old School Children of Davangere District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Shivakumar KM , Chandu GN , Shafiulla MD 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To assess the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12- to 15-year-old school children of Davangere District, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1800 12- to 15-year-old school children of Davangere District, Karnataka, India. Talukas (administrative units in some states in India) were considered clusters. Schools were selected using simple random sampling procedures. The 300 study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling procedures. Data consisting of DAI components were recorded pro forma. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. The Chi-square test (X2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between age groups. The Z test was used to compare mean DAI scores between the 2 sexes and between children residing in urban and rural areas.Results: Of the 1800 school children examined, 899 (49.9%) were boys and 901 (50.1%) were girls. Most of the children (79.9%) had DAI scores ≤ 25 with no or minor malocclusion requiring no or little treatment, 15.4% had DAI scores of 26–30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective treatment, 4.2% had DAI scores of 31–35 with severe malocclusion requiring highly desirable treatment, and 0.5% had DAI scores ≥ 36 with handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory treatment.Conclusions: The majority of the children in our study (79.9%) required no or little treatment; 20.1% had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:298- 307)
Influence of Curing Light Attenuation Caused by Aesthetic Indirect Restorative Materials on Resin Cement Polymerization
Authors: Pick Bárbara , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Junior Washington Steagall , Kawano Yoshio , Braga Roberto Ruggiero , Capel Cardoso Paulo Eduardo 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To verify the effect of interposing different indirect restorative materials on degree of conversion (DC), hardness, and flexural strength of a dual-cure resin cement.Methods: Discs (2 mm-thick, n=5) of four indirect restorative materials were manufactured: a layered glass-ceramic (GC); a heat-pressed lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramic veneered with the layered glass-ceramic (LD); a micro-hybrid (MH); and a micro-filled (MF) indirect composite resin. The light transmittance of these materials was determined using a double-beam spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Bar-shaped specimens of a dual-cure resin cement (Nexus 2/SDS Kerr), with (dual-cure mode) and without the catalyst paste (light-cure mode), were photoactivated through the discs using either a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or a light-emitting diode (LED) unit. As a control, specimens were photoactivated without the interposed discs. Specimens were stored at 37ºC for 24h before being submitted to FT-Raman spectrometry (n=3), Knoop microhardness (n=6) and threepoint bending (n=6) tests. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey’s test (α=0.05).Results: MH presented the highest transmittance. The DC was lower in light-cure mode than in dual-cure mode. All restorative materials reduced the cement microhardness in light-cure mode. GC and LD with QTH and GC with LED decreased the strength of the cement for both activation modes compared to the controls. Curing units did not affect DC or microhardness, except when the dualcure cement was photoactivated through LD (LED>QTH). Flexural strength was higher with QTH compared to LED.Conclusions: Differences in transmittance among the restorative materials significantly influenced cement DC and flexural strength, regardless of the activation mode, as well as the microhardness of the resin cement tested in light-cure mode. Microhardness was not impaired by the interposed materials when the resin cement was used in dual-cure mode. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:314-323)
Oral Health Status of Disabled Individuals Oral Health Status of Disabled Individuals Attending Special Schools
Authors: Altun Ceyhan , Guven Gunseli , Akgun Ozlem Marti , Akkurt Meltem Derya , Basak Feridun , Akbulut Erman 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the dmft-DMFT indexes and the oral hygiene status of 136 individuals attending a special school for the disabled.Methods: Participants were grouped according to disability [Mental Retardation (MR), Cerebral Palsy (CP), Autistic Disorder (AD), Down Syndrome (DS), Other (OTH)] and age [2-6 years (n=24), 7-12 years (50 children) and 13+ years (62 children]. Caries examinations were carried out in accordance with WHO criteria and oral cleanliness was evaluated by visually assessing the presence of plaque on teeth.Results: The age range of patients was 2-26 years (mean age: 11.89±5.19 years). Mean dmft and DMFT scores by age group were as follows: 2-6 years: dmft=2.04±2.24; 7-12 years: dmft=2.24±2.60, DMFT=0.98±2.58; 13+years: DMFT=2.68±2.91. Overall, 15.4% of children had no caries or fillings. While dmft and DMFT levels (P>.05) did not vary significantly by type of disability, oral cleanliness did. Children with autism were observed to maintain the best oral hygiene and those with mental retardation (MR), the poorest.Conclusions: It is important for the dentist to concentrate on a preventive approach and provide proper dental education to parents of disabled individuals. Among the children with disabilities, more attention should be paid to the oral hygiene of MR group. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:361-366)
The Effects of Prophylactic Ozone Pretreatment of Enamel on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Total or Self-Etch Adhesive Systems
Authors: Cehreli Sevi Burcak , Guzey Asli , Arhun Neslihan , Cetinsahin Alev , Unver Bahtiyar 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study is to determine (1) shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded with self-etch and total-etch adhesive after ozone treatment (2) bond failure interface using a modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).Methods: 52 premolars were randomly assigned into four groups (n=13) and received the following treatments: Group 1: 30 s Ozone (Biozonix, Ozonytron, Vehos Medikal, Ankara, Turkey) application + Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (SEP) (3M) + Transbond XT (3M), Group 2: Transbond Plus SEP + Transbond XT, Group 3: 30 s Ozone application + 37% orthophosphoric acid + Transbond XT Primer (3M) + Transbond XT, Group 4: 37% orthophosphoric acid + Transbond XT Primer + Transbond XT. All samples were stored in deionised water at 37oC for 24 hours. Shear debonding test was performed by applying a vertical force to the base of the bracket at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min.Results: The mean SBS results were Group 1: 10.48 MPa; Group 2: 8.89 MPa; Group 3: 9.41 MPa; Group 4: 9.82 MPa. One-Way Variance Test revealed that the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.267). Debonded brackets were examined by an optical microscope at X16 magnification to determine the bond failure interface using a modified ARI. The results were (mean) Group 1: 2.38; Group 2: 1.31; Group 3: 3.00; Group 4: 1.92. Multiple comparisons showed that Groups 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4 were statistically different (P=0.014, P<.001 and P=0.025).Conclusions: Ozone treatment prior to bracket bonding does not affect the shear bond strength. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:367-373)
Effect of Autogenous Cortical Bone Grafting in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of Intraosseous Periodontal Defects
Authors: Keles Gonca Cayir , Sumer Mahmut , Cetinkaya Burcu Ozkan , Tutkun Ferda , Simsek S. Burcak 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the additional benefit of using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with autogenous cortical bone (ACB) grafting versus ACB grafting alone for the regenerative treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects.Methods: Via a split-mouth design, 12 patients with chronic periodontitis (five men, seven women; mean age, 45.3±4.6 years) who had probing pocket depths (PPDs) of ≥6 mm following initial periodontal therapy were randomly assigned to two treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: a combination of ACB grafting and GTR (with a absorbable membrane of polylactic acid) or ACB grafting alone. The compared parameters were preoperative and 6-month postoperative PPDs, clinical attachment levels (CALs), and radiographic alveolar bone heights.Results: Both treatment modalities resulted in significant changes in the postoperative measurements from the preoperative values (P<.01). The reduction in the PPDs, gain in the CALs, and gain in the radiographic alveolar bone heights were 4.58±1.08, 4.25±1.06, and 5.50±2.24 mm in the patients treated with ACB grafting and GTR and 4.92±1.00, 4.50±0.80, and 5.92±1.83 mm in those treated with ACB grafting alone, respectively. The differences between the treatments were not statistically significant (P>.05).Conclusions: Within the study limitations, both ACB grafting with GTR and ACB grafting alone lead to significant improvements in clinical and radiographic parameters at 6 months postoperatively. The combined approach does not provide any additional benefit for treating intraosseous periodontal defects. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:403-411)
Effect of Acidic Challenge Preceded by Food Consumption on Enamel Erosion
Authors: Honório Heitor Marques , Rios Daniela , Júnior Edmêr Silvestre Pereira , de Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Fior Fernanda Alves , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of food consumption followed by acidic challenge on enamel erosion.Methods: Seventy-five enamel blocks obtained from bovine teeth were divided randomly into five groups (n=15 per group): GI – erosion with previous immersion in milk; GII – erosion with previous immersion in cheese extract; GIII – erosion with previous immersion in liver extract; GIV – erosion with previous immersion in broccoli extract; and GV – erosive effect of cola drink (control). Over 24 h, the slabs were submitted to 3 pH-cycles, each consisting of immersion in the studied food (GI to GIV) for 5 min followed by immersion in a cola drink for 5 min, and subsequently, the slabs were stored in artificial saliva (110 min). At the end of the pH-cycles, the slabs were stored in artificial saliva for 18 h. Enamel alterations were assessed by profilometry (μm). Data were tested using ANOVA and Scott-Knott’s tests (P<.05).Results: Mean erosion depths for enamel (μm) were 0.46 in GI, 0.55 in GII, 0.64 in GIII, 0.54 in GIV, and 1.18 in GVI. Enamel loss by acidic challenge alone (GV) was significantly higher than when the acidic challenges were preceded by food extract immersion.Conclusions: The data suggest that all studied foods could minimize the erosive effect on enamel. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:412-417)
Effect of EDTA and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment on the Bonding Effectiveness of Self-Etch Adhesives to Ground Enamel
Authors: Ibrahim Ihab M. , Elkassas Dina W. , Yousry Mai M. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This in vitro study determined the effect of enamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the bond strength of strong, intermediary strong, and mild self-etching adhesive systems.Methods: Ninety sound human premolars were used. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to flat ground enamel surfaces using three self-etching adhesive systems: strong Adper Prompt L-Pop (pH=0.9–1.0), intermediary strong AdheSE (pH=1.6–1.7), and mild Frog (pH=2). Adhesive systems were applied either according to manufacturer instructions (control) or after pretreatment with either phosphoric acid or EDTA (n=10). After 24 hours, shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Ultra-morphological characterization of the surface topography and resin/enamel interfaces as well as representative fractured enamel specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Neither surface pretreatment statistically increased the mean shear bond strength values of either the strong or the intermediary strong self-etching adhesive systems. However, phosphoric acid pretreatment significantly increased the mean shear bond strength values of the mild self-etching adhesive system. SEM examination of enamel surface topography showed that phosphoric acid pretreatment deepened the same etching pattern of the strong and intermediary strong adhesive systems but converted the irregular etching pattern of the mild self-etching adhesive system to a regular etching pattern. SEM examination of the resin/enamel interface revealed that deepening of the etching pattern was consistent with increase in the length of resin tags. EDTA pretreatment had a negligible effect on ultra-morphological features.Conclusions: Use of phosphoric acid pretreatment can be beneficial with mild self-etching adhesive systems for bonding to enamel. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:418-428)