bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Citrus Cultivars and Wild Accessions from Oman Suggests the Presence of Six Distinct Cultivars
Authors: Al-Nadabi Hamed , Khan Mumtaz , Al-Yahyai Rashid Abdullah , Al-Sadi Abdullah Mohammed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate genetic relatedness of 27 citrus cultivars and 6 wild citrus accessions using AFLP fingerprinting. The 27 citrus cultivars belonged to Citrus sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium, C. paradise, C. reticulata, C. limon, C. latifolia, C. maxima, C. limettoides, C. limetta, C. medica and C. Jambhiri. The wild cultivars were obtained from Oman while the other cultivars originated from Oman and other countries. AFLP analysis using 4 primer pair combinations resolved 910 polymorphic alleles. All citrus cultivars and accessions had low genetic diversity (H = 0.0281 to 0.1300), with the percent polymorphic loci ranging from 8 to 35%. Populations of the six wild citrus accessions showed a very low level of genetic diversity (< 0.0700). Cluster analysis of the 33 cultivars and accessions showed that they share a high level of genetic similarity (81‒99%; mean = 92%). The six wild accessions clustered into two main clusters, with the analysis indicating that the six wild accessions may make up six distinct cultivars. The study provides information on the phylogeny of citrus cultivars and citrus diversity in Oman, a country through which citrus moved in the past from Asia to different African and European countries. In addition, it shows that some distinct citrus cultivars are present in this part of the world.
A review of the freshwater crabs of Turkey (Brachyura, Potamidae)
Authors: Harlıoğlu Muzaffer Mustafa , Farhadi Ardavan , Harlıoğlu Ayşe Gül 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present status of freshwater crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Turkey is reviewed in this study, with the purpose of identifying the exact number of species, their conservation status, and their distribution. In previous records, it was reported that Turkey has nine freshwater crab species belonging to the genus Potamon: Potamon bileki Pretzmann, 1971, P. ibericum (Bieberstein, 1809), P. hueceste Pretzmann, 1962, P. persicum Pretzmann, 1962, P. magnum Pretzmann, 1962, P. potamios (Olivier, 1804), P. setiger Rathbun, 1904, P. rhodium Parisi, 1913, and P. mesopotamicum Brandis, Storch & Türkay, 1998. However, there was no detailed information on species distribution in Turkey. This review is intended to update the distribution of species in the country, and it revealed that populations of three more freshwater crab species (P. karpathos, P. fluviatile and P. hippocrate) also occur; thus, there are currently 12 freshwater crab species in Turkey. In addition, this review provides a distribution map and identifies possible threats to each species. This review can serve decision makers in the development of management strategies to better protect the environments of these species that are facing growing anthropogenic impacts.
Diel differences in the exploitation of shallow inshore habitats by three small bottom-dwelling fishes with implications for their monitoring in a large lowland river
Authors: Nowak Michał , Klaczak Artur , Szczerbik Paweł , Popek Włodzimierz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sampling small-bodied fish species in large lowland rivers poses numerous difficulties often resulting in the underestimation of their true distribution and abundance. Some of these drawbacks might be overcome by using additional sampling gears and adapting sampling strategies to the biological specifications of the target species. The results of a two-year, repeated survey on a single location on the Vistula River (southern Poland) revealed that nighttime beach seining proved to be very effective in collecting specimens of three imperiled species: Romanogobio belingi, Romanogobio kesslerii, and Sabanejewia baltica. It was found that these species were 4.3-8.8 times more abundant in nighttime than in daytime collections. The abundance of all three species peaked at dusk and gradually decreased in subsequent hours. In conclusion, nighttime beach seining is recommended as a supplementary sampling technique for small bottom-dwelling fish species in large lowland rivers.
The European Union as a Trigger of Discursive Change: The Impact of the Structural Deficit Rule in Estonia and Latvia
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Cepilovs Aleksandrs , Kattel Rainer , Sutt Linda 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Our paper explores how a rule prescribed by the European Union can bring about changes in the policy discourse of a member state. Drawing on the literatures of discursive institutionalism and Europeanization, the theoretical part discusses the factors that influence discursive shifts. The empirical part examines the discursive impacts of the introduction of the structural budget deficit rule, required by the Fiscal Compact, in Estonia and Latvia. It demonstrates how the discursive shifts have been shaped by the localized translations offered by civil servants, the entrance of additional actors to the policy-making arena, crisis experience, and the strategic interests of policy actors.
Effects of short- and long-term regular exercise on reproductive tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats
Authors: Mogaddami Zahra , Sheikhzadeh Farzam , Hatami Homeira , Khojasteh Seyed Mahdi Banan , Khajehnasiri Nazli , Hemmati Ali Reza Ali , Dastranj Ali 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective. Reproductive disorders are one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Since conflicting results have been obtained from different studies, which examined serum levels of cytokines in patients with diabetes, and considering the fact that the origin of cytokines cannot be accurately determined from their serum changes, attempts were made in the present study to study histological changes and testicular tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1 in rats treated with exercise. Considering the effects of exercise in reducing blood sugar level and its complications, two types of short-term and long-term regular exercises were also considered to evaluate their effects on male reproductive tissues. Methods. In this study, 60 male rats with the weight range of 250±50 g were used and were randomly divided into six groups (10 rats each). Healthy groups included sedentary control group, and groups treated with two and eight weeks of exercise. Rats with type 1 diabetes (induced by streptozotocin) included sedentary control group, groups treated with two and eight weeks of exercise (six groups). All groups were evaluated in terms of testicular tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1 using ELISA and the histometry of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, epithelial thickness, diameter of veins, and thickness of the seminiferous tubule. Results. Histological changes resulting from diabetes, particularly in the diameter of testicular veins and a number of cells, including Sertoli, highlights the important fact that tissue perfusion in patients with diabetes is especially crucial, in a way that exercise proved useful for tissue structures by offsetting this complication. Measurement of the cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α in the current study showed that perfusion problems are more important in diabetic complications than inflammatory factors. Conclusions. The main result of this research is recommendation of investigating the tissue of interest for diagnosis of diabetes complications, measuring inflammatory mediators of tissue rather than evaluating their serum concentrations, and focusing on vascular complications as a major complication of diabetes. Furthermore, regular exercise could help improve the function of reproductive organs in healthy groups and prevent diabetes infertility complications to an acceptable degree in diabetic groups.
Association between adiponectin rs17300539 and rs266729 gene polymorphisms with serum adiponectin level in an Iranian diabetic/pre-diabetic population
Authors: Karimi Helma , Nezhadali Masoumeh , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective. Adiponectin is an adipokine that is mostly secreted from adipose tissues and has a significant role in the improvement of insulin resistant and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is conducted to examine the association of rs17300539 and rs266729 with T2DM and serum adiponectin level in Iranian population. Method. A case-control study was conducted on 80 individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >100 (mg/dl) as diabetic-pre-diabetic group, and 80 individuals with fasting plasma glucose 70-100 (mg/dl) as control group. DNA extraction was done on samples and genotyping method was performed by PCR-RFLP. Result. The frequency of GA genotype in rs17300539 (diabetic/pre-diabetic 35.5%, control 11.3%, (OR [95%CI]=4.18[1.8-9.6]; p=0.001) and allele A (diabetic/pre-diabetic 31%, control 9%, (OR [95% CI]=4.67[2-10.7]) was significantly more in diabetic/pre-diabetic group compared to control group. The difference in the genotype frequency for rs266729 in diabetic group compared to that in control was not significant. The levels of adiponectin in diabetic cases had no difference compared to the control group in both polymorphisms. The rs266729 was not associated with any metabolic parameter except waist circumference (p=0.03), however, rs17300539 shows association only with fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol (p=0.007, 0.039, 0.0032, respectively). Conclusion. Our findings showed that there is an association between rs17300539 with the increase of T2DM but rs266729 showed no association with the risk of T2DM. Allele A of rs17300539 increased the risk of diabetes. There is no association between adiponectin level and both polymorphisms.
Periaqueductal gray and emotions: the complexity of the problem and the light at the end of the tunnel, the magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zelena Dora , Menant Ophelie , Andersson Frederic , Chaillou Elodie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is less referred in relationship with emotions than other parts of the brain (e.g. cortex, thalamus, amygdala), most probably because of the difficulty to reach and manipulate this small and deeply lying structure. After defining how to evaluate emotions, we have reviewed the literature and summarized data of the PAG contribution to the feeling of emotions focusing on the behavioral and neurochemical considerations. In humans, emotions can be characterized by three main domains: the physiological changes, the communicative expressions, and the subjective experiences. In animals, the physiological changes can mainly be studied. Indeed, early studies have considered the PAG as an important center of the emotions-related autonomic and motoric processes. However, in vivo imaging have changed our view by highlighting the PAG as a significant player in emotions-related cognitive processes. The PAG lies on the crossroad of networks important in the regulation of emotions and therefore it should not be neglected. In vivo imaging represents a good tool for studying this structure in living organism and may reveal new information about its role beyond its importance in the neurovegetative regulation.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a Lesión Renal Aguda en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario de Neiva
Authors: Ibarra Milton , Ángela Arteaga Ángela , Manotas Hernán , Romero Andrés 
Published: November 2018

Introducción: La Lesión Renal Aguda es frecuente en el paciente en estado crítico, su etiología ha cambiado en las últimas décadas y su presentación es un factor asociado al aumento de mortalidad en el paciente de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP). No obstante, la información sobre esta problemática aún es limitada. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional, de casos y controles. Resultados: La incidencia de Lesión Renal Aguda en los pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico, durante el período estudiado, fue del 16,9 %. La sepsis se presentó con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con Lesión Renal Aguda comparado con el grupo control (48,6% vs 29,7%, p=0.05), el OR de sepsis fue 2.23 (95% IC 1.03 – 5.05). Además, los paciente con Lesión Renal Aguda presentaron mayor mortalidad, con 14 casos (37,8% p <0.01) comparados con los pacientes controles (2.7%). El OR de mortalidad fue 21.91 (95% IC 4.63 – 103.1). Conclusión: La principal etiología de Lesión Renal Aguda es la sepsis. La mortalidad se incrementó en los pacientes afectados, por tal motivo, se debe implementar biomarcadores que logren el diagnóstico temprano para instaurar tratamiento oportuno.
K-Means Clustering untuk Data Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Jalan Raya di Kecamatan Pelaihari
Authors: Aprianti Winda , Permadi Jaka 
Published: November 2018

Kecelakaan lalu lintas di jalan raya masih menjadi penyumbang tingginya angka kematian di Indonesia, sehingga menjadi perhatian khusus bagi kepolisian di negara ini. Termasuk Kepolisian Resor (Polres) Tanah Laut, yang telah membuktikan perhatian tersebut dengan membentuk komunitas korban kecelakaan lalu lintas dan Pelatihan Pertolongan Pertama Gawat Darurat (PPGD). Tahapan awal pencegahan kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas yang diperoleh melalui analisa data kecelakaan. Analisa tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan data mining, yaitu K-Means Clustering. K-Means Clustering mengelompokkan data menjadi beberapa cluster sesuai karakteristik data tersebut. Data kecelakaan lalu lintas dibagi menjadi 2 dataset, yakni dataset 1 dan dataset 2. Hasil cluster penerapan K-means clustering terhadap dataset 1 dan dataset 2 kemudian dilakukan pengujian silhoutte coefficient untuk mencari hasil cluster dengan kualitas terbaik. Pengujian silhoutte coefficient secara berurutan menghasilkan distance measure paling optimal yakni clustering dengan 4 cluster untuk dataset 1 dan clustering dengan 2 cluster untuk dataset 2. Selain memperoleh cluster dengan kualitas terbaik, penganalisaan data juga menghasilkan beberapa informasi kecelakaan lalu lintas yang sering terjadi, yakni faktor penyebab dan korban kecelakaan adalah pengemudi, umur korban adalah 9 sampai 28 tahun, dan keadaan korban kecelakaan adalah luka ringan. AbstractTraffic accidents on the highway are still contribute to the high mortality rate in Indonesia, which are becoming a special concern for the police. Including the Police of Tanah Laut Resort where prove themselves by established The Community of Traffic Accident Victims and Emergency First Aid Training. The first prevention of traffic accidents is knowing the factors causing traffic accidents which is obtained through the analysis of traffic accident’s data. It can be done through data mining, i.e. K-Means Clustering, which is clustering data into clusters according to characteristics of the data. Traffic accident data is divided into two datasets, namely dataset 1 and dataset 2. After obtaining the cluster results, the next step is to calculate silhoutte coefficient which is used to find the best quality cluster result. The result of testing silhoutte coefficient are clustering with 4 clusters for dataset 1 and clustering with 2 clusters for dataset 2. Analyzing data in this research also produces some information on traffic accidents that often occur, namely the causes and victims of accidents are drivers, the age of the victims is between 9 and 28 years old, and the circumstance of the accidents victims are minor injuries.
Penerapan Bidirectional Search dan Held-Karp pada Penentuan Rute Pengiriman Produk
Authors: Rahayuda I Gede Surya , Santiari Ni Putu Linda , Arso Norsa Yudhi 
Published: November 2018

<p><em>Bidirectional Search</em> dan <em>Held-Karp</em> merupakan salah satu metode pencarian jalur terdekat atau sering disebut dengan metode shortes path. <em>Bidirectional Search</em> mencari jalur terdekat dengan melakukan pencarian dwi arah, proses pertama dimulai dari <em>level</em> awal <em>graph matrix</em> menuju <em>level</em> selanjutnya dan proses kedua dimulai dari <em>level</em> akhir menuju <em>level</em> sebelumnya. Proses tersebut akan menghasilkan rute awal dan rute akhir, kemudian kedua rute tersebut dirangkai menjadi rute gabungan. Tidak seperti pada metode <em>Bidirectional Search</em>, pada metode <em>Held-Karp</em> hanya dilakukan satu proses pencarian, dan pada metode <em>Held-Karp</em> proses pencarian sudah memperhitungkan mengenai jarak yang ditempuh sampai dengan kembali ke titik awal. Pada penelitian ini metode <em>Bidirectional Search</em> dan <em>Held-Karp</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">akan</span> dikembangkan dalam bentuk program menggunakan bahasa pemrograman <em>visual basic</em>. Program tersebut diterapkan untuk menentukan jalur terbaik pada kasus pengiriman produk. <em>Bidirectional Search</em> juga akan dibandingkan dengan metode <em>Held-Karp</em>. Percobaan yang dilakukan pada beberapa data tes berupa paket pengiriman produk, didapatkan bahwa metode <em>Held-Karp</em> mendapatkan rata-rata hasil rute pengiriman yang lebih baik sekitar 5 % dibandingkan dengan metode <em>Bidirectional Search</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong><em>Abstract </em></strong></p><p><em>Bidirectional Search and Held-Karp is one type of the shortes path methods. Bidirectional Search looks for the nearest path by doing a two way search, the first process starts from the initial level of the graph matrix to the next level and the second process starts from the end level to the previous level. The process will generate the initial route and the final route, then the two routes are assembled into a combined route. Bidirectional Search does not count the process of returning from the final destination to the starting point or appropriate for non circular paths.Unlike Bidirectional Search method, Held-Karp method only performs one way search process, and in the Held-Karp method the search process has calculated the distance traveled up to the return point or appropriate for circular paths. In this research, Bidirectional Search and Held-Karp method will be developed into desktop program using visual basic programming language. The program is implemented to determine the best path in case of product delivery. Bidirectional Search will also be compared to the Held-Karp method. Experiments performed on some tes data in the form of product delivery package, it is found that the Held-Karp method gets the average result of better delivery route about 5% compared to Bidirectional Search method.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
A comparison of two biological markers of recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: implications for the monitoring of interventions and strategies to reduce HCV transmission among people who inject drugs
Authors: Hope Vivian D , Harris Ross J , Vickerman Peter , Platt Lucy , Shute Justin , Cullen Katelyn J , Ijaz Samreen , Mandal Sema , Ncube Fortune , Desai Monica , Parry John V 
Published: November 2018

Background
Monitoring hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence is important for assessing intervention impact. Longitudinal studies of people who inject drugs (PWID), using repeated biological tests, are costly; alternatively, incidence can be estimated using biological markers of recent infection in cross-sectional studies.

Aim
We aimed to compare incidence estimates obtained from two different biological markers of recent infection in a cross-sectional study to inform monitoring approaches for HCV elimination strategies.

Method
Samples from an unlinked anonymous bio-behavioural survey of PWID were tested for two recent infection markers: HCV RNA with anti-HCV negative (‘RNA’) and low-avidity anti-HCV with HCV RNA present (‘avidity’). These two markers were used separately and in combination to estimate HCV incidence.

Results
Between 2011 and 2013, 2,816 anti-HIV-negative PWID (25% female) who had injected during the preceding year were either HCV-negative or had one of the two markers of recent infection: 57 (2.0%) had the RNA marker and 90 (3.2%) the avidity marker. The two markers had similar distributions of risk and demographic factors. Pooled estimated incidence was 12.3 per 100 person-years (pyrs) (95% credible interval: 8.8–17.0) and not significantly different to avidity-only (p = 0.865) and RNA-only (p = 0.691) estimates. However, the RNA marker is limited by its short duration before anti-HCV seroconversion and the avidity marker by uncertainty around its duration.

Conclusion
Both markers have utility in monitoring HCV incidence among PWID. When HCV transmission is high, one marker may provide an accurate estimate of incidence; when it is low or decreasing, a combination may be required.
PENGARUH KOMPOS KOTORAN KUDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KACANG PANJANG (Phaseolus vulgaris L)
Authors: Raksun Ahmad , Japa Lalu , Merta I Gde 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakPenelitian tentang pengaruh kompos terhadap pertumbuhan kacang panjang, telah dilaksanakan di Desa Sukarare Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalahÃÂ untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh komposÃÂ terhadap pertumbuhan kacang panjang pada lahan pertanian Desa Sukarare, (2) dosis kompos yang perlu diberikanÃÂ pada lahan pertanian Desa Sukarare agar tanaman kacang panjang tumbuh secara optimal. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak kelompokÃÂ dengan delapan ÃÂ ulangan. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan uji lanjut dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian ÃÂ menunjukkan bahwa (1) penggunaan ÃÂ kompos pada lahan pertanian Desa Sukarare berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumuhan kacang panjang, (2) kadar optimum kompos yang perlu diberikan pada lahan pertanian Desa Sukarare agar kacang panjang tumbuh secara optimal adalah 2,0 kg untuk setiap 1 m2 lahan pertanianÃÂ Kata-kata kunci: kompos, pertumbuhan, dan kacang pajangÃÂ ÃÂ ABSTRACTÃÂ Research about the effect of compost on the growth of long bean was carried outÃÂ in Sukarare Village central Lombok. The aim of this research are: (1) to identify the effect ÃÂ ofÃÂ compost on the growth of long bean, (2) to identify the optimum dosage of compost that must be added to the Sukarare farm landÃÂ in oder that long bean can ÃÂ growth optimally. Complately randomized design with five replicates were used in this research. Data analysis with Anova and least significant differens test (LSD).The result of this research are: (1) the use ofÃÂ compost has significant effect on the growth of long bean, (2)ÃÂ the optimum dosage of compost that must be given to the Sukarare farm landÃÂ in oder that long bean can growth optimally is 2,0 kg compost for 1 m2 ÃÂ parm landKey Words: Compost, Growth and Long bean
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY ON STREAM WATER QUALITY IN LANGSA, ACEH
Authors: Akbar Helmy , Suyatna Iwan , Jailani Jailani , Putra Singgih Afifa , Azmi Fauziah 
Published: November 2018

Increased human activity towards the water bodies will change the condition of water quality. Case study in Langsa, Aceh, It was found that an increase in Some physical parameter (TSS) that exceeds the value determined in PP 82 of 2001 (Indonesian government standard). The high value of TSS in Station 2 and Station 3 indicates that the sediment loading to the water body is high, especially in Station 3, where the TSS concentrations far exceed the standard. Activity of type C surface mining materials tends to affect the brightness, turbidity, depth and TSS. Water conditions with low pH were also found in this study. In location studied no EPT larvae were foundÃÂ Keyword: Langsa, Water Quality, Stream, Total Suspended Solid, Anthropogenic Activity