bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do All Black Lives Matter Equally to Black People? Respectability Politics and the Limitations of Linked Fate
Authors: Lopez Bunyasi Tehama , Smith Candis Watts 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCathy Cohen’s (1999) theory of secondary marginalization helps to explain why the needs of some members of Black communities are not prioritized on “the” Black political agenda; indeed, some groups are ignored altogether as mainstream Black public opinion shifts to the right (Tate 2010). However, the contemporary movement for Black Lives calls for an intersectional approach to Black politics. Its platform requires participants to take seriously the notion that since Black communities are diverse, so are the needs of its members. To what extent are Blacks likely to believe that those who face secondary marginalization should be prioritized on the Black political agenda? What is the role of linked fate in galvanizing support around these marginalized Blacks? To what extent does respectability politics serve to hinder a broader embrace of Blacks who face different sets of interlocking systems of oppression, such as Black women, formerly incarcerated Blacks, undocumented Black people, and Black members of LBGTQ communities in an era marked by Black social movements? We analyze data from the 2016 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) to assess whether all Black lives matter to Black Americans.
Effects of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima–media thickness and metabolic profiles in diabetic haemodialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Talari Hamid Reza , Zakizade Mehrafrouz , Soleimani Alireza , Bahmani Fereshteh , Ghaderi Amir , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Eslahi Masoumeh , Babadi Mahtab , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of Mg administration on carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), glycaemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in diabetic haemodialysis (HD) patients. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in fifty-four diabetic HD patients. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 250 mg/d Mg as magnesium oxide (n27) or placebo (n27) for 24 weeks. Mg supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in mean (P<0·001) and maximum levels of left CIMT (P=0·02) and mean levels of right CIMT (P=0·004) compared with the placebo. In addition, taking Mg supplements significantly reduced serum insulin levels (β=–9·42 pmol/l; 95% CI –14·94, –3·90;P=0·001), homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β=–0·56; 95 % CI –0·89, –0·24;P=0·001) and HbA1c (β=–0·74 %; 95 % CI –1·10, –0·39;P<0·001) and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β=0·008; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·01;P=0·002) compared with the placebo. In addition, Mg administration led to a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (β=–0·30 mmol/l; 95% CI –0·56, –0·04;P=0·02), LDL-cholesterol (β=–0·29 mmol/l; 95% CI –0·52, –0·05;P=0·01), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0·001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (P=0·04) and a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (P<0·001) compared with the placebo. Overall, we found that taking Mg for 24 weeks by diabetic HD patients significantly improved mean and maximum levels of left and mean levels of right CIMT, insulin metabolism, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, TAC and MDA levels.
Pan-arctic winter drift speeds and changing patterns of sea ice motion: 1979–2015
Authors: Kaur Satwant , Ehn Jens K. , Barber David G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonthly mean passive microwave-derived sea-ice motion maps for 36 winters (October–April) are used to examine pan-Arctic sea-ice drift speeds and patterns. The mean Arctic Ocean sea-ice motion consists of three well-known primary circulation regimes: the Beaufort Gyre (BG), transpolar drift (TPD), and a motion system from the Kara Sea (KS). The 36-year mean winter sea-ice drift pattern is used to identify the average boundaries between the circulation regimes mentioned above. Regression analyses of the ice drift speed anomalies show statistically significant positive drift speed trends in BG, TPD and KS. Non-significant trends are associated with negative trends of generally weak drift speeds north of the Canadian Arctic and over the Chukchi/East Siberian Shelf. The first three modes of Empirical Orthogonal Functions were found to explain 30.2%, 13.5% and 8.7% of the spatial variance in the mean winter ice drift patterns and highlight the large variability in the ice drift patterns.
The structure of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, abnormal personality traits, and personality disorder symptoms
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Aggen Steven H. , Gillespie Nathan , Krueger Robert F. , Czajkowski Nikolai , Ystrom Eivind , Reichborn-Kjennerud T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCan the structure of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality traits (NPTs), abnormal personality traits (APTs), and DSM-IV criteria for personality disorders (PD) fit a high or low congruence model positing, respectively, close or more limited etiologic continuity?MethodExploratory factor analysis was applied to transformed correlation matrices from Cholesky twin decompositions obtained in OpenMx. In 2801 adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel, NPTs and APTs were assessed by self-report using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and PID-5-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5-NBF), respectively. PDs were assessed at interview using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV).ResultsThe best model yielded three genetic and three unique environmental factors. Genetic factors were dominated, respectively, by (i) high loadings on nearly all PDs and NPT/APT neuroticism and compulsivity, (ii) negative loadings on NPT agreeableness/conscientiousness and positive loadings on APT/PD measures of antisocial traits, and (iii) negative loadings on NPT extraversion and histrionic PD, and positive loadings on APT detachment and schizoid/avoidant PD. Unique environmental factors were dominated, by (i) high loadings on all PDs, (ii) high loadings on all APT dimensions and NPT neuroticism, and (iii) negative loadings on NPT extraversion and positive loadings on NPT detachment/avoidant PD.ConclusionsTwo genetic and one environmental common factor were consistent with a high congruence model while one genetic and two environmental factors were more supportive of a low congruence model. The relationship between genetic and environmental influences on personality assessed by NPTs, APTs, and PDs is complex and does not fit easily into a low or high congruence model.
The closing process of the ductus arteriosus connecting the left common carotid artery and main pulmonary artery
Authors: Matsuo Kumiyo , Aoki Hisaaki , Kayatani Futoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn isolated left common carotid artery is very rare, and only 13 cases have been reported thus far. All those cases were accompanied by a right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery, and the connecting vessel between the pulmonary artery and left common carotid artery was thought to be ductal tissue. However, there have been no reports that have followed the natural closure of this vessel. We present a case in whom we could observe the closing process of this vessel at the connection between the left common carotid artery and main pulmonary artery in association with a tetralogy of Fallot.
An Automated Computational Approach for Complete In-Plane Compositional Interface Analysis by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Peng Zirong , Lu Yifeng , Hatzoglou Constantinos , Kwiatkowski da Silva Alisson , Vurpillot Francois , Ponge Dirk , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe introduce an efficient, automated computational approach for analyzing interfaces within atom probe tomography datasets, enabling quantitative mapping of their thickness, composition, as well as the Gibbsian interfacial excess of each solute. Detailed evaluation of an experimental dataset indicates that compared with the composition map, the interfacial excess map is more robust and exhibits a relatively higher resolution to reveal compositional variations. By field evaporation simulations with a predefined emitter mimicking the experimental dataset, the impact of trajectory aberrations on the measurement of the thickness, composition, and interfacial excess of the decorated interface are systematically analyzed and discussed.
Paternal height has an impact on birth weight of their offspring in a Japanese population: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Takagi K. , Iwama N. , Metoki H. , Uchikura Y. , Matsubara Y. , Matsubara K. , Nishigori H. , Saito M. , Fujiwara I. , Sakurai K. , Kuriyama S. , Arima T. , Nakai K. , Yaegashi N. , Sugiyama T. ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between paternal height or body mass index (BMI) and birth weight of their offspring in a Japanese general population. The sample included 33,448 pregnant Japanese women and used fixed data, including maternal, paternal and infant characteristics, from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study. Relationships between paternal height or BMI and infant birth weight [i.e., small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA)] were examined using a multinomial logistic regression model. Since fetal programming may be a sex-specific process, male and female infants were analyzed separately. Multivariate analysis showed that the higher the paternal height, the higher the odds of LGA and the lower the odds of SGA in both male and female infants. The effects of paternal BMI on the odds of both SGA and LGA in male infants were similar to those of paternal height; however, paternal height had a stronger impact than BMI on the odds of male LGA. In addition, paternal BMI showed no association with the odds of SGA and only a weak association with the odds of LGA in female infants. This cohort study showed that paternal height was associated with birth weight of their offspring and had stronger effects than paternal BMI, suggesting that the impact of paternal height on infant birth weight could be explained by genetic factors. The sex-dependent effect of paternal BMI on infant birth weight may be due to epigenetic effects.
The contribution of space for a more sustainable earth: leveraging space to achieve the sustainable development goals
Authors: Di Pippo Simonetta 
Published: February 2019

Non-technical summaryThis article raises awareness of how countries can leverage space and space technologies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through concrete examples. Space science, technology and applications can support a range of pro-developmental activities, such as agricultural planning, biodiversity protection, tele-health and disaster management. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) helps countries to use space technology in all of these areas, through capacity building and partnerships with government and private sector entities to expand access to space, especially for developing countries. This article also outlines the work of UNOOSA in promoting increased participation of women in the space sector and in STEM careers.
Skilful Seasonal Prediction of Ocean Surface Waves in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dobrynin Mikhail , Kleine Tobias , Düsterhus André , Baehr Johanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOcean surface wave height in the Atlantic Ocean is strongly influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Here we demonstrate for the first time a skilful seasonal forecast for wave height in the Atlantic Ocean, produced by a seasonal prediction system with an enhanced prediction skill of winter NAO. The improved seasonal prediction skill of the wave height reaches 0.8 in major parts of the North Atlantic. Prediction skill in the Central and South Atlantic is significantly improved due to swell propagation from better represented active wave generation regions in the North Atlantic. By subsampling, the modeling of climatological anomalies of seasonal wave height for strongly positive and negative NAO phases is considerably improved. We demonstrate the potential of an improved, subsampling‐based approach for the dynamical seasonal prediction of waves, specifically for extreme seasons during strong NAO phases, which can be implemented for operational purposes.
Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA
Authors: Gold Ryan D. , DuRoss Christopher B. , Delano Jaime E. , Jibson Randall W. , Briggs Richard W. , Mahan Shannon A. , Williams Robert A. , Corbett D. Reide 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree sequences of well‐documented, major ~M7+ earthquakes (1811–1812, ~1450, and ~900 CE) in the New Madrid seismic zone, USA, contribute significantly to seismic hazard in the region. However, it is unknown whether this <550‐year recurrence interval has been constant throughout the Holocene given limited geomorphic evidence of prior earthquakes. We extend the record of paleoearthquakes along the Reelfoot fault via investigation of ridgetop gravitational failure features, interpreted as sackungen. The sackungen occur in bluffs along the eastern margin of the Mississippi River floodplain and are concentrated near (<15 km) the southwest dipping Reelfoot reverse fault. A paleoseismic trench excavated across sackungen at the Paw Paw site exposed four packages of colluvial sediment that postdate 30‐ to 11‐ka Peoria Loess. We interpret the colluvial packages to have been deposited following episodic failure of the sackungen as a result of strong ground motions from the following sequence of earthquakes: event 4, 1640 ± 1730 BCE; event 3, 270 ± 670 CE; event 2, 1430 ± 380 CE; and event 1, 1810 ± 50 CE (2 sigma). Event timing corresponds to previously documented earthquakes and represents the longest archive of paleoearthquakes on the Reelfoot fault. If the trenched sackungen record all major Reelfoot fault earthquakes, our observations in combination with prior investigations indicate a period of quiescence from at least 11 to 4.4 ka, followed by four major seismic events culminating in the 1811–1812 CE sequence. This clustered earthquake recurrence pattern helps place bounds on seismic hazard and geodynamic models in the New Madrid seismic zone.
Comparisons of High‐Linear Energy Transfer Spectra on the ISS and in Deep Space
Authors: Zeitlin C. , Narici L. , Rios R. R. , Rizzo A. , Stoffle N. , Hassler D. M. , Ehresmann B. , Wimmer‐Schweingruber R. F. , Guo J. , Schwadron N. A. , Spence H. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn deep space, personnel and equipment are exposed to the space radiation environment in the form of energetic particles, specifically galactic cosmic rays and sporadic solar energetic particle events. Radiation fields resulting from these particles are modified by shielding, but most radiation measurements in deep space have been made with detectors that were unshielded or very lightly shielded. In contrast, the space radiation environment on the International Space Station (ISS) is more complicated, with time‐dependent modification of the incident flux by the geomagnetic field and complex bulk shielding distributions; measured particle spectra inside the ISS are affected by both types of shielding. The geomagnetic field is also responsible for the existence of the South Atlantic Anomaly, a region of trapped energetic protons and electrons, and hence enhanced radiation dose, through which the ISS travels several times per day on average. Here our primary aim is to compare charged‐particle spectra at high linear energy transfer obtained by the Anomalous Long‐Term Effects in Astronauts instrument on ISS during high‐latitude portions of the orbit to data acquired at the same time by the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation and Radiation Assessment Detector instruments, both in deep space. The hypothesis being tested is that these spectra are the same, modulo shielding differences, since the effects of the geomagnetic field are expected to be minimal at high latitudes.
Testing Different Tectonic Models for the Source of the Mw 6.5, 30 October 2016, Norcia Earthquake (Central Italy): A Youthful Normal Fault, or Negative Inversion of an Old Thrust?
Authors: Bonini L. , Basili R. , Burrato P. , Cannelli V. , Fracassi U. , Maesano F. E. , Melini D. , Tarabusi G. , Tiberti M. M. , Vannoli P. , Valensise G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe adopted a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the seismotectonic scenario of the 30 October 2016, Mw 6.5, Norcia earthquake, the largest shock of the 2016–2017 central Italy earthquake sequence. First, we used seismological and geodetic data to infer the dip of the main slip patch of the seismogenic fault that turned out to be rather low‐angle (~37°). To evaluate whether this is an acceptable dip for the main seismogenic source, we modeled earthquake deformation using single‐ and multiple‐fault models deduced from aftershock pattern analyses. These models show that the coseismic deformation generated by the Norcia earthquake is coherent with slip along a rather shallow‐dipping plane. To understand the geological significance of this solution, we reconstructed the subsurface architecture of the epicentral area. As the available data are not robust enough to converge on a single fault model, we built three different models encompassing all major geological evidence and the associated uncertainties, including the tectonic style and the location of major décollement levels. In all models the structures derived from the contractional phase play a significant role: from controlling segmentation to partially reusing inherited faults, to fully reactivating in extension a regional thrust, geometrically compatible with the source of the Norcia earthquake. Based on our conclusions, some additional seismogenic sources falling in the eastern, external portions of the Apennines may coincide with inherited structures. This may be a common occurrence in this region of the chain, where the inception of extension is as recent as Middle‐Upper Pleistocene.
A New Model for Esker Formation Sheds Light on the Processes Within Subglacial Tunnels
Authors: Arnold Neil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEskers are long sedimentary ridges that are widespread in current and previously glaciated landscapes. Eskers are believed to form when sediment carried by glacial meltwater gets deposited in subglacial tunnels, which given the importance of subglacial water for ice dynamics means that eskers can provide important information about the shape and dynamics of ice sheets and glaciers. To date, however, no physical model for their formation has been developed. Beaud et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004779) present the first such model; they have linked an existing model for subglacial water flow with one for sediment transport, erosion, and deposition in mixed sediment/bedrock streams. The results of the model add new insights into the conditions which promote esker formation, the rate of supply of sediment to proglacial environments, and also suggest possible links between the water flow regime and the likely esker morphology.
Characterization of a family mutation in the 5’ untranslated region of the endoglin gene causative of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Ruiz-Llorente Lidia , McDonald Jamie , Wooderchak-Donahue Whitney , Briggs Eric , Chesnutt Mark , Bayrak-Toydemir Pinar , Bernabeu Carmelo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular disease characterized by nose and gastrointestinal bleeding, telangiectases in skin and mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations in major internal organs. Most patients carry a mutation in the coding region of the endoglin (ENG) or activin A receptor type II-1 (ACVRL1) gene. Nonetheless, in around 15% of patients, sequencing analysis and duplication/deletion tests fail to pinpoint mutations in the coding regions of these genes. In these cases, it has been shown that sequencing of the 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) of ENG may be useful to identify novel mutations in the ENG non-coding region. Here we report the genetic characterization and functional analysis of the heterozygous mutation c.-142A>T in the 5’UTR region of ENG found in a family with several members affected by HHT. This variant gives rise to a new initiation codon of the protein that involves the change in its open reading frame. Transfection studies in monkey cells using endoglin expression vectors demonstrated that c-142A>T mutation results in a clear reduction in the levels of the endoglin protein. These results support the inclusion of the 5’UTR of ENG in the standard genetic testing for HHT to increase its sensitivity.
In-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances for plasmonic switching and encoding
Authors: Jiang Liyong , Yin Tingting , Dubrovkin Alexander M. , Dong Zhaogang , Chen Yuntian , Chen Weijin , Yang Joel K. W. , Shen Zexiang 
Published: February 2019

AbsractConsiderable attention has been paid recently to coherent control of plasmon resonances in metadevices for potential applications in all-optical light-with-light signal modulation and image processing. Previous reports based on out-of-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances were established by modulating the position of a metadevice in standing waves. Here we show that destructive and constructive absorption can be realized in metallic nano-antennas through in-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances, which is determined by the distribution rule of electrical-field components of nano-antennas. We provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of plasmonic switching effects in a gold nanodisk monomer and dimer, and propose a plasmonic encoding strategy in a gold nanodisk chain. In-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances may open a new avenue toward promising applications in optical spectral enhancement, imaging, nanolasing, and optical communication in nanocircuits.
Microfluidic reactors for advancing the MS analysis of fast biological responses
Authors: Lazar Iulia M. , Deng Jingren , Stremler Mark A. , Ahuja Shreya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe response of cells to physical or chemical stimuli is complex, unfolding on time-scales from seconds to days, with or without de novo protein synthesis, and involving signaling processes that are transient or sustained. By combining the technology of microfluidics that supports fast and precise execution of a variety of cell handling operations, with that of mass spectrometry detection that facilitates an accurate and complex characterization of the protein complement of cells, in this work, we developed a platform that supports (near) real-time sampling and proteome-level capturing of cellular responses to a perturbation such as treatment with mitogens. The geometric design of the chip supports three critical features: (a) capture of a sufficient number of cells to meet the detection limit requirements of mass spectrometry instrumentation, (b) fluid delivery for uniform stimulation of the resident cells, and (c) fast cell recovery, lysis and processing for accurate sampling of time-sensitive cellular responses to a stimulus. COMSOL simulations and microscopy were used to predict and evaluate the flow behavior inside the microfluidic device. Proteomic analysis of the cellular extracts generated by the chip experiments revealed that the identified proteins were representative of all cellular locations, exosomes, and major biological processes related to proliferation and signaling, demonstrating that the device holds promising potential for integration into complex lab-on-chip work-flows that address systems biology questions. The applicability of the chips to study time-sensitive cellular responses is discussed in terms of technological challenges and biological relevance.