bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic dispensing following pediatric visits in the US emergency departments and outpatient settings from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Agiro Abiy , Sridhar Gayathri , Gordon Aliza , Brown Jeffrey , Haynes Kevin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study measured rates and trends in antibiotic dispensing for emergency department (ED) and outpatient visits by age groups. This retrospective analysis used data from the National Institutes of Health Collaboratory Distributed Research Network. The analysis included children (aged > 3 months to <12 years) and adolescents (aged 12 to <19 years) with or without an antibiotic dispensed within 3 days following visits for infectious diagnoses occurring from 2006 to 2016, with no antibiotic fills 90 days prior. Diagnoses were classified as: 1) respiratory tract infections (RTIs) for which antibiotics are mostly indicated; 2) RTIs for which antibiotics are mostly not indicated; 3) respiratory conditions for which antibiotics are never indicated; 4) infectious conditions beyond RTIs regardless of antibiotic indication. The largest annual decrease in any dispensed antibiotics (5% per year) was seen in ED visits for not indicated RTIs and never indicated respiratory conditions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95‐0.96). In outpatient settings, a 2% per year decrease was seen for not indicated RTIs and never indicated respiratory conditions (IRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98‐0.98). Broad‐spectrum antibiotics had a 1% per year increase in outpatient settings for mostly indicated RTIs (IRR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01‐1.01). Compared with adolescents, broad‐spectrum antibiotic dispensing rates and trends were consistently higher for children regardless of diagnosis or care setting. Using national claims data, this real‐world analysis found uneven decreases in potentially inappropriate antibiotic dispensing, suggesting the need for antibiotic stewardship interventions to become more common in outpatient settings.
Terrain‐adaptive wheel speed control on the Curiosity Mars rover: Algorithm and flight results
Authors: Toupet Olivier , Biesiadecki Jeffrey , Rankin Arturo , Steffy Amanda , Meirion‐Griffith Gareth , Levine Dan , Schadegg Maximilian , Maimone Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover landed in August 2012 and began experiencing higher rates of wheel damage beginning in October 2013. While the wheels were designed to accumulate considerable damage, the unexpected damage rate raised concerns regarding wheel lifetime. In response, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed and deployed mobility flight software on Curiosity that reduces the forces on the wheels. The new algorithm adapts each wheel's speed to fit the terrain topography in real time, by leveraging the rover's measured attitude rates and rocker/bogie suspension angles and rates. Together with a rigid‐body kinematics model, it estimates the real‐time wheel‐terrain contact angles and commands idealized, no‐slip wheel angular rates. In addition, free‐floating “wheelies” are detected and autonomously corrected. Ground test data indicate that the forces on the wheels are reduced by 19% for leading wheels and 11% for middle leading wheels. On the ground, the required data volume increased by up to 129%, and drive duration increased by up to 25%. In flight, data collected over 3.6 km and 149 drives confirmed a reduction in wheel current, correlated with wheel torque, of 18.7%. The new algorithm proved to use fewer resources in flight than ground estimates suggested, as only a 10% increase in drive duration and double the drive data volume were experienced. These data indicate the promise of the new algorithm to extend the life of the wheels for the Curiosity rover. This paper describes the algorithm, its ground testing campaign and associated challenges, and its validation, implementation, and performance in flight.
One‐Step Hydrothermal Method to Prepare Flower‐Like QDs CdSe‐Loaded BiOCl Sheets as a Promising Tool for Photodegradation
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Tang Qian , Tian Tao , Kang Chunli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe overcommitting Rhodamine has aroused widely attention for the mainly organic pollutant in dying and pringting process, which is difficultly to remove the contaminate in totally. Thus, the BiOCl‐based semiconductors with relatively high photocatalytic properties toward water pullution were well defined. However, the limitted application of BiOCl due to the wider band gap, which can only be irradiated by UV light. In this work, we further introduced CdSe quantum dots (QDs), for the small‐size effect, specific surface area, special absorbability, designed for anchoring on BiOCl surface. A facial one‐step hydrothermal synthesis was developed for flower‐like BiOCl‐CdSe composites. The photodegradation of 20 mg/L RhB research under UV‐vis irradiation, 10 wt% CdSe‐BiOCl semiconductors displayed well photocatalytic abilities. From the electrochemical analysis, the effective separation of e− and h+ occured on the CdSe‐BiOCl composites. And the main work radicals during the photocatalytic produre were the e+, h+ and •O2− by the ESR analysis. The CdSe‐BiOCl composites have an immense prospective as the photocatalysts in pratical application.
Antioxidant Activity and Hepatotoxicity of Flavonoids and Their Metal Complexes Through Co‐Administration of β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Jabeen Erum , Janjua Naveed K. , Ahmed Safeer , Ali Tahir , Murtaza Iram , Ashraf Zaman , Masood Nosheen , Kalsoom Saima 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe in vivo determination of radical scavenging activity of flavonoids (Fls) and their metal complexes (M‐Fls) through co‐administration of 2‐hydroxypropyl beta‐cyclodextrin (HP‐βCD) was determined. The flavonoids morin (mo), quercetin (quer), primuletin (prim), their Cu (II) and Fe (III) complexes were selected to explore their radical scavenging potential. Metal complexes of flavonoids (M‐Fls) showed better radical scavenging activity RSA when injected to rats than corresponding flavonoids. The RSA is improved in the presence of HP‐βCD. This increase in RSA was assisted by enhanced enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The compounds displayed hepatoprotection against alloxan induced liver damage as flavonoid injected group displayed lower levels of enzymes and intermediates aspartate/alanine transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Lipid peroxidation (MDA), Hydroxyproline (HYP), Sailic acid (SA) and higher albumin and total proteins level compared with alloxan treated group. It was evaluated by histopathological investigations that M‐Fls restored the hepatic damage caused by alloxan. The binding constants values of the compounds with human plasma (n‐HP) revealed the order of 103‐104 L−1. The binding interactions of the compounds with human plasma in the presence of HP‐βCD is decreased which in turns increased the RSA as well as CAT and SOD activities. Based upon our results, it was concluded that radical scavenging activities and hepatoprotective activities of M‐Fls is increased when co‐administrated with HP‐βCD.
Effect of Lithium/Transition‐Metal Ratio on the Electrochemical Properties of Lithium‐Rich Cathode Materials with Different Nickel/Manganese Ratios for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Konishi Hiroaki , Terada Shohei , Okumura Takefumi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA lithium‐rich nickel‐manganese‐based material (Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2) exhibited a high discharge capacity at a low C‐rate. However, this material has problems in that it has a poor rate performance, large potential hysteresis, and poor cycle performance. Although increasing the Ni/Mn ratio for Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 ameliorated these problems, it decreased the discharge capacity. In this study, the lithium/transition‐metal (Li/TM) ratios for lithium‐rich layer‐structured cathodes with different Ni/Mn ratios were controlled to attain a high discharge capacity, high rate performance, small potential hysteresis, and high cycle performance. For a low‐Ni/Mn‐ratio (Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2) cathode, a decrease in the Li/TM ratio deteriorated the discharge capacity. Conversely, for cathodes with a high Ni/Mn ratio (Li1.2Ni0.25Mn0.55O2 and Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2), the decreases in the Li/TM ratios improved the discharge capacity. In addition, for the high‐Ni/Mn‐ratio cathodes, the decrease in the Li/TM ratio from 1.2/0.8 to 1.18/0.82 increased the discharge capacity at a high C‐rate (3 C) from 157 to 183 Ah kg‐1 (Li1.2Ni0.25Mn0.55O2) and from 139 to 156 Ah kg‐1 (Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2). Furthermore, the decrease in the Li/TM ratio suppressed potential hysteresis and capacity degradation during cycling for the high‐Ni/Mn‐ratio cathodes.
Synthesis of N‐(phenoxyalkyl)‐, N‐{2‐[2‐(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}‐ or N‐(phenoxyacetyl)piperazine Derivatives and Their Activity Within the Central Nervous System
Authors: Pańczyk Katarzyna , Pytka Karolina , Jakubczyk Magdalena , Rapacz Anna , Siwek Agata , Głuch‐Lutwin Monika , Gryboś Anna , Słoczyńska Karolina , Koczurkiewicz Paulina , Ryszawy Damian , Pękala Elżbieta , Budziszewska Bogusława , Starek‐Świechowicz Beata , Suraj‐Prażmowska Joanna , Walczak Maria , Żesławska Ewa , Nitek Wojciech , Bucki Adam , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Żelaszczyk Dorota , Francik Renata , Marona Henryk , Waszkielewicz Anna M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDepression, anxiety and epilepsy share some etiology factors, causing frequently observed multimodal activity of centrally active compounds. This might raise the risk of central adverse effects of potential drugs, but on the other hand ‐ in a light of common comorbidity of these diseases ‐ also make an opportunity for avoiding polypragmasy. The presented study combines rational drug design methods, chemical synthesis, receptor studies and in vivo pharmacological screening (mice, i. p.) in order to obtain new centrally active piperazine derivatives in a context of their potential multimodality, investigate the mechanism of their activity and establish relationship between their structure, molecular mechanism and in vivo central activity(‐ies). The most promising pharmacological profile showed 1‐(2‐(2,5‐dimethylphenoxy)ethyl)‐4‐phenylpiperazine dihydrochloride (1), which was active in the four‐plate test (anxiolytic‐like activity) at 1.25 mg/kg b.w. and possessed high affinities towards several tested molecular targets (5‐HT1A Ki=35 nM ‐ weak antagonist, 5‐HT2A Ki=121 nM, 5‐HT7 Ki=130 nM ‐ weak antagonist, α1 Ki=82 nM, μ Ki=240 nM).
A Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction for the Preparation of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Alkynyl Ketones, Amines and Isocyanoacetates
Authors: Shan Yingying , Li Jianming , Zhao Yutong , Chen Dianpeng , Li Qinyu , You Jinmao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via a copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction was described. Easily available starting materials, mild conditions, and a wide substrate scope make this approach potentially useful.
Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents
Authors: Gandia David , Gandarias Lucía , Rodrigo Irati , Robles‐García Joshua , Das Raja , Garaio Eneko , García José Ángel , Phan Manh‐Huong , Srikanth Hariharan , Orue Iñaki , Alonso Javier , Muela Alicia , Fdez‐Gubieda M. Luisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms that internally biomineralize chains of magnetic nanoparticles (called magnetosomes) and use them as a compass. Here it is shown that magnetotactic bacteria of the strain Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense present high potential as magnetic hyperthermia agents for cancer treatment. Their heating efficiency or specific absorption rate is determined using both calorimetric and AC magnetometry methods at different magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. In addition, the effect of the alignment of the bacteria in the direction of the field during the hyperthermia experiments is also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the biological structure of the magnetosome chain of magnetotactic bacteria is perfect to enhance the hyperthermia efficiency. Furthermore, fluorescence and electron microscopy images show that these bacteria can be internalized by human lung carcinoma cells A549, and cytotoxicity studies reveal that they do not affect the viability or growth of the cancer cells. A preliminary in vitro hyperthermia study, working on clinical conditions, reveals that cancer cell proliferation is strongly affected by the hyperthermia treatment, making these bacteria promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Digital image correlation strain measurement of ultra‐high‐performance concrete‐prisms under static and cyclic bending‐tensile stress
Authors: Harenberg Stefan , Pahn Matthias , Malárics‐Pfaff Viktória , Dehn Frank , Caggiano Antonio , Schicchi Diego S. , Yang Sha , Koenders Eddie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper provides experimental results on investigations for the validation of photogrammetric strain measurements of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC)‐prisms subjected to static and cyclic bending‐tensile stress. For this purpose, 4 static and 5 cyclic test series were performed. Damage progresses during loading are monitored by means of a digital image correlation (DIC) system and a clip gauge. The control of the DIC by trigger lists and the measurement noise as a function of the measurement rate are examined. All static tests were performed force controlled with the same testing speed and the same measuring rate of DIC and clip gauge. All cyclic tests were performed with the same upper and lower stress levels but with different loading rates.During the static tests, the DIC can be used to make accurate strain measurements before UHPC failure. In the cyclic tests, the measurement noise of the DIC decreases with an increasing measuring rate. The tests performed confirm the control of the DIC by trigger lists for cyclic tests on UHPC‐prisms and show that the measurement noise is negligible in static and cyclic tests.
Low‐dose in utero exposure to finasteride promotes developmental changes in both male and female gerbil prostates
Authors: Maldarine Juliana S. , Sanches Bruno D. A. , Santos Vitória A. , Amaro Gustavo M. , Calmon Marília F. , Rahal Paula , Góes Rejane M. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that is sensitive to the action of exogenous compounds known as endocrine disrupters that alter normal hormonal function. Finasteride is a widely used chemical that acts to inhibit the conversion of testosterone in its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. It is known that intrauterine exposure to finasteride causes changes in the male prostate even at low dosages; however, it is not known whether these dosages are capable of causing changes in the female prostate, which is present in a large number of mammalian species, including humans. In the present study, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological dosages, and three‐dimensional reconstruction techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to a low dose of finasteride (100 μg.BW/d) on postnatal prostate development in male and female Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that the gerbil female prostate also undergoes alterations following intrauterine exposure to finasteride, exhibiting a thickening of periductal smooth muscle and increased stromal proliferation. There are also intersex differences in the impact of exposure on the expression of the androgen receptor, which was increased in males, and of the estrogen‐α receptor, which was decreased in the male prostate but unchanged in females. Altogether, this study indicates there are sex differences in the effects of finasteride exposure even at low dosages.
Growing extra dimensions in AdS/CFT
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Perlmutter Eric 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
What is the dimension of spacetime? We address this question in the context of the AdS/CFT Correspondence. We give a prescription for computing the number of large bulk dimensions, D, from strongly-coupled CFT
d
data, where “large” means parametrically of order the AdS scale. The idea is that unitarity of 1-loop AdS amplitudes, dual to non-planar CFT correlators, fixes D in terms of tree-level data. We make this observation rigorous by deriving a positive-definite sum rule for the 1-loop double-discontinuity in the flat space/bulk-point limit. This enables us to prove an array of AdS/CFT folklore, and to infer new properties of large N CFTs at strong coupling that ensure consistency of emergent large extra dimensions with string/M-theory. We discover an OPE universality at the string scale: to leading order in large N, heavy-heavy-light three-point functions, with heavy operators that are parametrically lighter than a power of N, are linear in the heavy conformal dimension. We explore its consequences for supersymmetric CFTs and explain how emergent large extra dimensions relate to a Sublattice Weak Gravity Conjecture for CFTs. Lastly, we conjecture, building on a claim of [1], that any CFT with large higher-spin gap and no global symmetries has a holographic hierarchy: D = d + 1.
Stressful life events and identity development in early and mid‐adolescence
Authors: de Moor Elisabeth L. , Van der Graaff Jolien , Van Dijk Marloes P.A. , Meeus Wim , Branje Susan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the past, stressful life events have been consistently linked to developmental outcomes such as well‐being and psychopathological problems. Theory on identity postulates that stressful life events may also predict a regression in identity development. While some support for this link has been found in adult populations, it is important to examine this in adolescence, a time marked by identity development as well as stressful transitions and experiences.MethodsIn the present study, we examined whether having to repeat a grade and death of a family member or friend were related to regressive change in educational and relational identity in a sample of 840 Dutch adolescents (49% female, Mage W1 = 12.4) drawn from a large ongoing longitudinal study. We also investigated whether the impact of the events was moderated by neuroticism, and parental and peer support. All analyses were controlled for age, educational level, and sex.ResultsResults of latent difference score models indicated that experiencing an event did not predict regressions in identity. Congruence between the domain of the event and identity (i.e., educational or relational) did not affect the strength of the effects. Neuroticism and parental and peer support did not significantly moderate this link. However, social support was related to relational and educational identity.ConclusionsThe link between stressful events and identity may not be as straightforward as would be expected based on identity theory, as our results did not show evidence for a link between these events and change in identity for all adolescents.
Robust automated computational approach for classifying frontotemporal neurodegeneration: Multimodal/multicenter neuroimaging
Authors: Donnelly‐Kehoe Patricio Andres , Pascariello Guido Orlando , García Adolfo M. , Hodges John R. , Miller Bruce , Rosen Howie , Manes Facundo , Landin‐Romero Ramon , Matallana Diana , Serrano Cecilia , Herrera Eduar , Reyes Pablo , Santamaria‐Garcia Hernando , Kumfor Fiona , Piguet Olivier , Ibanez Agustin , Sedeño Lucas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionTimely diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains challenging because it depends on clinical expertise and potentially ambiguous diagnostic guidelines. Recent recommendations highlight the role of multimodal neuroimaging and machine learning methods as complementary tools to address this problem.MethodsWe developed an automatic, cross‐center, multimodal computational approach for robust classification of patients with bvFTD and healthy controls. We analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging and resting‐state functional connectivity from 44 patients with bvFTD and 60 healthy controls (across three imaging centers with different acquisition protocols) using a fully automated processing pipeline, including site normalization, native space feature extraction, and a random forest classifier.ResultsOur method successfully combined multimodal imaging information with high accuracy (91%), sensitivity (83.7%), and specificity (96.6%).DiscussionThis multimodal approach enhanced the system's performance and provided a clinically informative method for neuroimaging analysis. This underscores the relevance of combining multimodal imaging and machine learning as a gold standard for dementia diagnosis.
Patients following lower limb amputation: A retrospective cohort study showing how to improve survival and rehabilitation outcomes
Authors: Pande Shrikant D. , Kamal Aliah , Zaw Eimon , Tin Aung Soe 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Increasing number of people are undergoing lower limb amputation as a result of complications of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Prosthetic rehabilitation is in these group of people is important in order to reduce dependency and maximize their function in society. Successful prosthetic outcome is dependent on associated comorbidities, which also affects survival.

Objective:
To assess the survival rates in patients with lower limb amputation.

Study design:
Retrospective analytic study of dysvascular lower limb amputation patients of age above 21 years discharged from rehabilitation facility in Singapore between March 2008 to November 2016.

Results:
Seventy patients were followed up, of which 45 (64%) were men and 25 (36%) were women, with mean age of 62.7 (35–88) years. These patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), or peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and had vascular interventions. At the time of amputation, patients have either normal renal function, chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury, or end-stage renal failure (ESRF), of which some were on haemodialysis (HD). Significant comorbidities associated with mortality were IHD 4.44 (95%CI- 1.61–12.27, p value-0.003), CKD 8.31 (1.74, 39.75); p = 0.003, ESRF/HD, HR = 5.6 (0.65, 28.24); p = 0.083, combined CKD (stage 3,4) and ESRF/HD 10.49 (2.75, 40.1); p = 0.001.

Conclusion:
From our study, lower limb amputation survival rate at 1 year was 84.13% and at 5 years was 48.6%. Mortality was significantly associated with ischaemic heart disease, CKD and those with ESRF with haemodialysis. This may indicate complications related to IHD and CKD rather than amputation itself.

Clinical relevance statement:
Proactive management of ischaemic heart disease and chronic kidney disease is very important in dysvascular lower limb amputation as this affects the prosthetic rehabilitation outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach should be considered in patients with these comorbidities to improve survival and functional outcomes following prosthesis.

Highlights: