bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs
Authors: Ullal Tarini , Ambrosini Yoko , Rao Sangeeta , Webster Cynthia R. L. , Twedt David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of idiopathic chronic hepatitis (ICH) in dogs is poorly understood, but evidence supports an immune‐mediated pathogenesis in some dogs.ObjectivesTo describe a case series of dogs with presumed ICH treated with cyclosporine (CsA) with or without concurrent medications and to document the incidence of biochemical remission and factors associated with failure to attain remission.AnimalsForty‐eight client‐owned dogs diagnosed with presumed ICH, treatment of which included CsA.MethodsTwo‐institution, retrospective case series of dogs between 2010 and 2017. All dogs were treated with CsA with or without concurrent medications for ≥2 weeks. Data were collected from medical records.ResultsBiochemical remission (<1.1 times the upper limit of normal for alanine aminotransferase activity) was attained in 79% of dogs (38/48). Median dose of CsA at remission was 7.9 mg/kg/d (range, 2.5‐12.7 mg/kg/d) and median time to remission was 2.5 months (range, 0.75‐18 months). Concurrent hepatoprotectant treatment was not associated with likelihood of remission. Clinical score, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, prolonged coagulation times, dose, and duration of treatment were not associated with the probability of remission or time to remission. Common adverse effects of CsA were gastrointestinal signs in 38% (18/48) and gingival hyperplasia in 25% (12/48) of treated dogs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceA treatment regimen including CsA and frequent hepatoprotectant use resulted in biochemical remission of ICH in most dogs. None of the evaluated factors, including hepatoprotectant use, were significantly associated with likelihood of remission. Future prospective studies are indicated to evaluate CsA monotherapy in ICH dogs.
Genetic dissection of vitamin E content in rice (Oryza sativa) grains using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between 'Zhenshan97B' and 'Nanyangzhan'
Authors: Zhang Xiaona , Li Pingbo , Yun Peng , Wang Lingqiang , Gao Guanjun , Zhang Qinglu , Luo Lijun , Zhang Chunyu , He Yuqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVitamin E (VE) is an important nutritional trait in rice grains. In order to dissect the genetic basis underlying VE content, a recombinant inbred lines population derived from 'Zhenshan 97B' and 'Nanyangzhan' was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Totally, 29 QTLs for six VE traits were identified in 2 consecutive years. Among those, five QTLs repeatedly detected in two years formed a cluster on chromosome 2, which was responsible for all five VE isomers. OsγTMT, the gene encoding γ‐tocopherol methyltransferase in rice, was located to the same region and treated as the candidate gene. Sequence analysis of alleles from two parents revealed many polymorphisms, including 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two insert/deletions (Indels) in the promoter region, two nonsynonymous SNPs in exons, and 25 SNPs and an Indel in introns. Besides, a QTL for δ‐tocotrienol and two QTLs for α‐tocopherol were repeatedly detected on chromosome 5 and 8, respectively, all three regions carrying no homologous genes involved in VE biosynthesis. These results could be useful in development of rice lines displaying desirable VE content.
Seeing Seeing
Authors: Phillips Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI argue that we can visually perceive others as seeing agents. I start by characterizing perceptual processes as those that are causally controlled by proximal stimuli. I then distinguish between various forms of visual perspective‐taking, before presenting evidence that most of them come in perceptual varieties. In doing so, I clarify and defend the view that some forms of visual perspective‐taking are “automatic”—a view that has been marshalled in support of dual‐process accounts of mindreading.
Identification of factors associated with white mould in snap bean using tree‐based methods
Authors: Shah D. A. , Dillard H. R. , Pethybridge S. J. 
Published: August 2019

Most processing snap bean fields are treated with fungicides at flowering to suppress white mould, one of the more significant diseases of this crop. Farmers would like to know when their fields are at sufficient risk of white mould, to plan fungicide applications or avoid spraying if the risk is below a tolerable threshold. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, observational data were collected from processing snap bean fields across western and central New York State, USA. White mould was found in 20% of fields. Boosted regression trees were used to model white mould presence or absence in a field (a binary response variable) as a function of agronomic and edaphic variables, and macroscale drought indices. The five most important predictors were canopy openness during pod development, the number of days after planting, hydrologic soil group, canopy openness during bloom and elevation. The risk of white mould increased by about 20% when canopy openness was less than 20 cm at the bloom stage and c. 30% when canopy openness was less than 30 cm at the pod stage. The most relevant interaction was between canopy openness at the pod stage and hydrologic soil group. A random forest model for predicting the presence of white mould by bloom had an estimated classification accuracy of 73%. The extension of these results to remote forecasting of white mould in processing snap bean production is discussed.
Decision‐Making in Local Context: Expertise, Experience, and the Importance of Neighbours in Farmers’ Insect Pest Management
Authors: Noy Shiri , Jabbour Randa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrawing on data from four focus groups with alfalfa farmers conducted in Spring 2014 and 2015 in four counties in Wyoming, USA, we analyse how farmers make decisions about insect pest management. Our generative focus group data allow us to examine how farmers frame and value different sources of information and why and when they rely on them. Our results reveal that in order to be useful, expert information needed to be local and to consider the complex realities of farming. Neighbours, especially those with deep roots in the community, were seen as valuable and trusted sources of information. Chemical companies and co‐op representatives, on the other hand, received more mixed treatment. We describe the dimensions by which growers categorise information: relevancy, accuracy, locality, and diagnostic/prognostic. Our results underscore the reflexive nature and motivation for farmers’ evaluation of information and advice about insect pests.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of pneumonia in a frog
Authors: Slater Robert T. , Hanna Ashley , Finch Nickol , Pessier Allan P. , Logsdon Marcie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 12‐year‐old female African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) displayed lethargy and anorexia for 1 week. Radiographs detected a moderately reduced volume of aerated lung with lobulated margins with the left lung predominantly affected. Transcelomic ultrasound revealed marked consolidation of the left lung. Postmortem examination confirmed suppurative and histiocytic pneumonia, worse in the left lung, caused by Mycobacterium chelonae. Given that amphibian pulmonary consolidation and celomic effusion can have similar radiographic findings, ultrasound may be helpful to differentiate.
Antegrade and retrograde CT urethrography with virtual urethroscopy in a dog with urethral narrowing after bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Kang Kyuyong , Jang Moonjung , Choi Kyeong Uk , Kweon Oh‐Kyeong , Choi Mincheol , Yoon Junghee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old, castrated male Golden Retriever was unable to urinate without catheterization after a single‐session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy. To determine the cause, a retrograde urethrography was performed, but the results were equivocal. Antegrade (voiding by abdominal compression with heavy material) and retrograde CT urethrography were performed with virtual urethroscopy and revealed that the urethral diameter was narrowed near the pubic bone remnants due to pelvic canal narrowing. After corrective surgery, the patient was able to urinate normally. A combination of antegrade and retrograde CT urethrography with virtual urethroscopy was helpful for guiding surgical decision‐making in this patient.
Rate of three-dimensional neuroretinal rim thinning in glaucomatous eyes with optic disc haemorrhage
Authors: Kim Yong Woo , Lee Won June , Seol Bo Ram , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTo investigate the thinning rate of three-dimensional neuroretinal rim thickness (3D-NRT) in glaucoma eyes with optic disc haemorrhage (DH) and its relationship to retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) progression.MethodsNinety-five (95) eyes of 95 glaucoma patients with initial DH in the inferotemporal (n=69) and superotemporal (n=26) regions and 48 eyes of 48 glaucoma patients without DH were retrospectively reviewed. The rates of change for 3D-NRT and RNFLT were compared by linear mixed-effect model. For the direct comparison between 3D-NRT and RNFLT, dynamic-range-based normalised coefficient was used. The effect of DH frequency on the rates of thinning of 3D-NRT and RNFLT was evaluated.ResultsDuring a mean 7-year follow-up, the rates of thinning of 3D-NRT (–5.69±4.88 µm/year) and RNFLT (–2.03±2.03 µm/year) at 7 o’clock were faster than those at other locations (all p<0.05) in DH eyes. The dynamic-range-based normalised rate of thinning was significantly faster for RNFLT (–2.06%±1.62%/year) than for 3D-NRT (–1.15%±1.10%/year, p<0.001) in DH eyes, but not in non-DH eyes (p=0.43). DH frequency in the inferotemporal region was associated with the thinning rate of 3D-NRT as well as RNFLT.ConclusionDH eyes are associated with the progression of both 3D-NRT and RNFLT, especially in the inferotemporal region. DH eyes show a relatively faster thinning rate of average RNFLT than 3D-NRT. The frequency of DH can affect the progression of 3D-NRT as well as RNFLT.
Adult Child-Parent Dyadic Interactions at the End of Life: A Scoping Review
Authors: Herbst Franziska A , Gawinski Laura , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundBeing terminally ill affects not only the life of patients but also that of their loved ones. Dyads of adult children and their parents at the end of life may face specific challenges with regard to their relationship and interactions that need to be further examined.AimThe aim was to identify, describe and summarise available evidence on adult child–parent interaction and psychosocial support needs at the end of life. Research gaps in the existing literature are disclosed and recommendations for future research are presented.DesignA type 4 scoping review according to Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework was conducted. The review includes studies regardless of study design and provides a descriptive account of foci of available research.Data sourcesThe PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 16 August 2018. An additional hand search was conducted. A highly sensitive search strategy was employed to cover all potentially relevant results.ResultsThe authors screened 1832 records by title and abstract, retrieved 216 full-text articles and included 15 studies from the database search. One study was identified by way of hand search. The review identified six major themes: (1) adult child–parent relationship, (2) adult child–parent communication, (3) involvement in caregiving, (4) benefit and burden of caregiving, (5) coping strategies and (6) support and information for caregivers.ConclusionsThe scoping review accentuates the paucity of studies that address both patients’ and their parent/adult child caregivers’ relationship, interaction and psychosocial support needs.
Slug and Snail have differential effects in directing colonic epithelial wound healing and partially mediate the restitutive effects of butyrate
Authors: Swain Steve D. , Grifka-Walk Heather N. , Gripentrog Jeannie , Lehmann Margaret , Deuling Benjamin , Jenkins Brittany , Liss Hailey , Blaseg Nathan , Bimczok Diane , Kominsky Douglas J. 
Published: August 2019

Restitution of wounds in colonic epithelium is essential in the maintenance of health. Microbial products, such as the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, can have positive effects on wound healing. We used an in vitro model of T84 colonic epithelial cells to determine if the Snail genes Slug ( SNAI2) and Snail ( SNAI1), implemented in keratinocyte monolayer healing, are involved in butyrate-enhanced colonic epithelial wound healing. Using shRNA-mediated Slug/Snail knockdown, we found that knockdown of Slug (Slug-KD), but not Snail (Snail-KD), impairs wound healing in scratch assays with and without butyrate. Slug and Snail had differential effects on T84 monolayer barrier integrity, measured by transepithelial resistance, as Snail-KD impaired the barrier (with or without butyrate), whereas Slug-KD enhanced the barrier, again with or without butyrate. Targeted transcriptional analysis demonstrated differential expression of several tight junction genes, as well as focal adhesion genes. This included altered regulation of Annexin A2 and ITGB1 in Slug-KD, which was reflected in confocal microscopy, showing increased accumulation of B1-integrin protein in Slug-KD cells, which was previously shown to impair wound healing. Transcriptional analysis also indicated altered expression of genes associated with epithelial terminal differentiation, such that Slug-KD cells skewed toward overexpression of secretory cell pathway-associated genes. This included trefoil factors TFF1 and TFF3, which were expressed at lower than control levels in Snail-KD cells. Since TFFs can enhance the barrier in epithelial cells, this points to a potential mechanism of differential modulation by Snail genes. Although Snail genes are crucial in epithelial wound restitution, butyrate responses are mediated by other pathways as well.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although butyrate can promote colonic mucosal healing, not all of its downstream pathways are understood. We show that the Snail genes Snail and Slug are mediators of butyrate responses. Furthermore, these genes, and Slug in particular, are necessary for efficient restitution of wounds and barriers in T84 epithelial cells even in the absence of butyrate. These effects are achieved in part through effects on regulation of β1 integrin and cellular differentiation state.
Physiologically driven, altitude-adaptive model for the interpretation of pediatric oxygen saturation at altitudes above 2,000 m a.s.l.
Authors: Tüshaus Laura , Moreo Monica , Zhang Jia , Hartinger Stella Maria , Mäusezahl Daniel , Karlen Walter 
Published: August 2019

Measuring peripheral oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) with pulse oximeters at the point of care is widely established. However, since [Formula: see text] is dependent on ambient atmospheric pressure, the distribution of [Formula: see text] values in populations living above 2000 m a.s.l. is largely unknown. Here, we propose and evaluate a computer model to predict [Formula: see text] values for pediatric permanent residents living between 0 and 4,000 m a.s.l. Based on a sensitivity analysis of oxygen transport parameters, we created an altitude-adaptive [Formula: see text] model that takes physiological adaptation of permanent residents into account. From this model, we derived an altitude-adaptive abnormal [Formula: see text] threshold using patient parameters from literature. We compared the obtained model and threshold against a previously proposed threshold derived statistically from data and two empirical data sets independently recorded from Peruvian children living at altitudes up to 4,100 m a.s.l. Our model followed the trends of empirical data, with the empirical data having a narrower healthy [Formula: see text] range below 2,000 m a.s.l. but the medians never differed more than 2.3% across all altitudes. Our threshold estimated abnormal [Formula: see text] in only 17 out of 5,981 (0.3%) healthy recordings, whereas the statistical threshold returned 95 (1.6%) recordings outside the healthy range. The strength of our parametrized model is that it is rooted in physiology-derived equations and enables customization. Furthermore, as it provides a reference [Formula: see text], it could assist practitioners in interpreting [Formula: see text] values for diagnosis, prognosis, and oxygen administration at higher altitudes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our model describes the altitude-dependent decrease of [Formula: see text] in healthy pediatric residents based on physiological equations and can be adapted based on measureable clinical parameters. The proposed altitude-specific abnormal [Formula: see text] threshold might be more appropriate than rigid guidelines for administering oxygen that currently are only available for patients at sea level. We see this as a starting point to discuss and adapt oxygen administration guidelines.
Individuals have unique muscle activation signatures as revealed during gait and pedaling
Authors: Hug François , Vogel Clément , Tucker Kylie , Dorel Sylvain , Deschamps Thibault , Le Carpentier Éric , Lacourpaille Lilian 
Published: August 2019

Although it is known that the muscle activation patterns used to produce even simple movements can vary between individuals, these differences have not been considered to prove the existence of individual muscle activation strategies (or signatures). We used a machine learning approach (support vector machine) to test the hypothesis that each individual has unique muscle activation signatures. Eighty participants performed a series of pedaling and gait tasks, and 53 of these participants performed a second experimental session on a subsequent day. Myoelectrical activity was measured from eight muscles: vastus lateralis and medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, soleus, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris -long head. The classification task involved separating data into training and testing sets. For the within-day classification, each pedaling/gait cycle was tested using the classifier, which had been trained on the remaining cycles. For the between-day classification, each cycle from day 2 was tested using the classifier, which had been trained on the cycles from day 1. When considering all eight muscles, the activation profiles were assigned to the corresponding individuals with a classification rate of up to 99.28% (2,353/2,370 cycles) and 91.22% (1,341/1,470 cycles) for the within-day and between-day classification, respectively. When considering the within-day classification, a combination of two muscles was sufficient to obtain a classification rate >80% for both pedaling and gait. When considering between-day classification, a combination of four to five muscles was sufficient to obtain a classification rate >80% for pedaling and gait. These results demonstrate that strategies not only vary between individuals, as is often assumed, but are unique to each individual. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a machine learning approach to test the uniqueness and robustness of muscle activation patterns. We considered that, if an algorithm can accurately identify participants, one can conclude that these participants exhibit discernible differences and thus have unique muscle activation signatures. Our results show that activation patterns not only vary between individuals, but are unique to each individual. Individual differences should, therefore, be considered relevant information for addressing fundamental questions about the control of movement.
Baseline Triglyceride Level Affected the Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Treating Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the VISION Study
Authors: Zhou Lingli , Cai Xiaoling , Luo Yingying , Zhang Fang , Ji Linong 
Published: August 2019

Identifying factors that may impact vildagliptin’s efficacy could contribute to individualized treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we aimed to assess the correlation between patient baseline triglyceride (TG) and efficacy of vildagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in a post hoc analysis of the VISION study. TG-based subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate baseline TG’s impact on the decrease of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients receiving vildagliptin plus low-dose metformin (VLDM) vs. high-dose metformin (HDM). Additionally, multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the association between baseline TG and HbA1c reduction at weeks 12 and 24 for patients receiving VLDM vs. HDM. For patients receiving VLDM, baseline TG≤2.03 mmol/L was associated with significantly greater HbA1c reduction vs. TG>2.03 mmol/L at week 12, but not at week 24. Additionally, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant independent association and an association short of statistical significance between patient baseline TG and the HbA1c-reducing efficacy of VLDM at weeks 12 (P<0.001) and 24 (P=0.082), respectively, while such association was absent for HDM. Collectively, baseline TG was an independent predictive factor for the efficacy of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV in treating type 2 diabetes during its initial use.
An Allosteric PRC2 Inhibitor Targeting EED Suppresses Tumor Progression by Modulating the Immune Response
Authors: Dong Hongping , Liu Shaojun , Zhang Xuejie , Chen Sheng , Kang Lijing , Chen Yanni , Ma Shichao , Fu Xianlei , Liu Yanchao , Zhang Hailong , Zou Bin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aberrant activity of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is involved in a wide range of human cancer progression. The WD40 repeat-containing protein EED is a core component of PRC2 and enhances PRC2 activity through interaction with H3K27me3. In this study, we report the discovery of a class of pyrimidone compounds, represented by BR-001, as potent allosteric inhibitors of PRC2. X-ray co-crystallography showed that BR-001 directly binds EED in the H3K27me3-binding pocket. BR-001 displayed antitumor potency in vitro and in vivo. In Karpas422 and Pfeiffer xenograft mouse models, twice daily oral dosing with BR-001 resulted in robust antitumor activity. BR-001 was also efficacious in syngeneic CT26 colon tumor-bearing mice; oral dosing of 30 mg/kg of BR-001 led to 59.3% tumor growth suppression and increased frequency of effector CD8+ T-cell infiltrates in tumors. Pharmacodynamic analysis revealed that CXCL10 was highly upregulated, suggesting that CXCL10 triggers the trafficking of CD8+ T cells toward tumor sites. Our results demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of EED modulates the tumor immune microenvironment to induce regression of colon tumors and therefore has the potential to be used in combination with immune-oncology therapy.

Significance:
BR-001, a potent inhibitor of the EED subunit of the PRC2 complex, suppresses tumor progression by modulating the tumor microenvironment.