bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 desorption tests of blended monoethanolamine–diethanolamine solutions to discover novel energy efficient solvents
Authors: Shi Huancong , Zheng Linna , Huang Min , Zuo Yuanhui , Li Mingyue , Jiang Linhua , Idem Raphael , Tontiwachwuthikul Paitoon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe CO2 desorption tests were conducted at 363–378 K for 5.0 mol/L blended monoethanolamine (MEA)‐diethanolamine (DEA) solutions to develop the energy efficient solvents with high CO2 production and low energy consumptions. These desorption tests were performed with a recirculation process for various preloaded, 5 mol/L (4.5 + 0.5 to 0.5 + 4.5) MEA‐DEA solutions to find out the optimized solvents with minimum heat duty. Therefore, 1–4 mol/L and 0.5–0.45 mol/L MEA‐DEA solvents have larger CO2 production (nCO2) and lower heat duties (
) than 5 mol/L DEA under similar operation conditions. They have lower heat duty (510 and 538 kJ/mol) than DEA (572 kJ/mol) due to increased CO2 desorption rates, despite 10% higher heat input (QTotal) than DEA. Moreover, the critical points were studied as research focus of amine regeneration curves, along with reaction energy calculation. Finally, secondary amines blending minor MEA (<20%) as promotor turned out to be an alternative approach of solvents improvement with low energy requirement.
Study of the effect of the temperature of caustic tower operation on red oil formation in olefin units
Authors: Hu Xun , Gholizadeh Mortaza , Samudi Mohsen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of caustic tower operation temperature on red oil formation and clogging of the tower. For this aim, the caustic tower of Tabriz Petrochemical Plant was used. The operation temperature of the tower was varied from 38 up to 50 °C, and the amount and composition of the red oil formed were investigated. Our results indicate that the amount and composition of the red oil formed inside the tower were different at varied temperatures. At 42–45 °C, minimum amount of the red oil formed, whereas at other temperatures, the products with 2 phases (oil phase on the top and aqueous phase in the bottom) were produced. The red oil formed is mainly alkanes, alkenes, dienes, and also aldehydes. They are produced from the cracking of naphtha, which some could undergo polymerisation reactions in the caustic tower, resulting in the formation of red oil. This formation of the red oil could decrease the efficiency of absorption column due to the problem of chocking. In addition, the red oil will accumulate on internal surfaces of equipment and the bottom of the column, leading to fouling and eventually plugging. The analysis showed that the polymerisation reactions produce heavy alkanes, aromatics, and cyclic compounds. Via optimisation of caustic tower operation temperature, the red oil formation could be drastically decreased.
Interaction of two differently sized bubbles in a viscous liquid
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Ke , You Yunxiang , Ren Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInteraction of two in‐line bubbles with different size in a viscous liquid is studied using volume‐of‐fluid method. Simulations are performed on initially spherical bubbles starting from rest. The influences of size ratio 0.5 ≤ R ≥ 1 and initial distance ratio 1.7 ≤ S ≥ 3 are investigated with fixed Eötvös number Eo = 50, Galilei number Ga = 100, density ratio η = 1,000, and viscosity ratio λ = 100. Two arrangement patterns are considered, the small‐big arrangement (SBA) and big‐small arrangement (BSA). Two distinct evolution regimes are defined: coalescence and penetration. The bubble‐bubble interaction is intensified by increasing R and decreasing S, promoting the possibility of coalescence. Penetration is more prone to occur in BSA than in SBA, and it is absent in BSA when R ≤ 0.625 regardless of S. The ascending velocity of the leading bubble (LB) is nearly independent of size ratio, initial distance ratio, and arrangement pattern, since the motion of the LB is little influenced by the trailing bubble (TB). Meanwhile, the ascending velocity of the TB increases with increasing R and decreasing S. The LB usually plays a dominant role in the interaction, especially in BSA.
Effects of TiO2nanoparticles on the photodegradation of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Luo Yanbing , Cao Yuzhen , Guo Gang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPhotodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites could be utilized as an eco‐friendly material. The photocatalytic degradation was investigated under accelerating artificial ultraviolet irradiation conditions for the period up to 100 days according to GB/T16422.3/ISO 4892.4. The change of surface color, gloss loss, morphology, weight loss, intrinsic viscosity, chemical structure, mechanical properties at different irradiation times were verified via solid reflection spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, Ubbelohde viscometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and tensile test. The structural change accompanied by the degradation of the irradiated samples clearly showed that the photodegradation of PLA/TiO2nanocomposites process was via a bulk erosion mechanism. The photodegradability of PLA/TiO2samples was higher than that of pure PLA and benefitted a lot from a good dispersion of TiO2nanoparticles. The present study suggests that the photodegradation of PLA could be controlled by loading dispersed g‐TiO2nanoparticles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46509.
Surface‐modified halloysite nanotubes reinforced poly(lactic acid) for use in biodegradable coronary stents
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Murphy Alan , Scholz Dimitri , Geever Luke M. , Lyons John G. , Devine Declan M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) was reinforced halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in this study. To improve dispersion and interfacial adhesion of HNTs within the PLA matrix, HNTs were surface modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (ASP) prior to compounding with PLA. PLA/ASP‐HNTs nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface wettability, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile testing. The hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of PLA and PLA composites were investigated and thein vitrodegradation process of PLA/ASP‐HNTs composites was investigated for a period of 6 months by gel permeation chromatography, FTIR, weight loss measurement, DSC, and tensile testing. PLA and all PLA composites were blood compatibile and non‐cytotoxic. TEM analysis revealed that HNTs agglomeration in PLA matrix was reduced by surface treatment with ASP. ASP‐HNTs had better reinforcing effect than unmodified HNTs evidenced by tensile testing. ASP‐HNTs appeared to increase the hydrolytic degradation process as measured by weight measurement. PLA/ASP‐HNTs composites displayed 12.1% weight loss and 30.6% average molecular weight reduction while retaining 74% of Young's modulus by the 24th week of degradation. Based on this data, the reinforcement of PLA using ASP‐HNTs may prove beneficial for applications such as biodegradable stents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46521.
High efficiency toughness of aromatic sulfonamide in polyamide 6
Authors: Jia Zhenyu , Cai Ziqing , Chen Jianwen , Zhang Li , Yang Fan , Que Xianlang , Bao Haifeng 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to overcome the brittle fracture characteristics of polyamides, the study on high efficiency toughening of polyamides is always a hot topic. In this article, n‐ethyl‐p‐toluene sulfonamide (N‐PTSA) was used as the toughening agent in polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix. The PA6/N‐PTSA composites were prepared by melt compounding method. The PA6 composites were analyzed systematically from aspects of mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystal structures, and hydrogen bonds. There existed an obvious toughening effect in PA6 composite with the addition of 7 wt % of N‐PTSA. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the composite was not reduced. The addition of N‐PTSA induced the formation of α‐form crystals, higher crystallinities and lower density of hydrogen bonds in the composites, which was beneficial to improvement of the mechanical properties. Based on the above results, the molecular structure model of toughening mechanism of N‐PTSA in PA6 was established. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46527.
Mussel‐inspired magnetic adsorbent: Adsorption/reduction treatment for the toxic Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater
Authors: Dong Kaijie , Liu Qinze , Wei Gang , Hu Tao , Yao Jinshui , Zhang Xian , Gao Tingting 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA novel magnetic adsorbent, poly(catechol‐1,4‐butanediamine)‐coated Fe3O4 composite (Fe3O4@PCBA), was successfully fabricated via an easy and gentle method according to the mussel‐inspired adhesion property of polydopamine. Effects of many factors on the adsorption performance of Fe3O4@PCBA for Cr(VI) were investigated, including temperature, pH value, contacting time, adsorbent dosage, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The thermodynamics, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion of adsorption were also studied systematically. Results indicated that the removal rate of Cr(VI) was approximately close to 100% when the initial concentration was less than 120 mg/L, and the maximum uptake capacity of Fe3O4@PCBA for Cr(VI) was 280.11 mg/g complied with Langmuir isotherm model. Accordingly, the nocuous Cr(VI) could be partially reduced to Cr(III) during the adsorption period. Hopefully, this strategy could be extended to prepare series of magnetic Fe3O4@catechol–amine adsorbents with different amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups for Cr(VI) removal. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46530.
The Price of Ill‐programmed Self‐defense – We Must Face What We Do,
Authors: Parens Henri 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThroughout history, large‐groups in conflict have in the name of self‐defense carried out preemptive attacks against those who threatened their land and its people. While such attacks have often brought accolades and praise from the perpetrating group, from the mid‐twentieth century on, especially following on the 1948 United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there has been a sharper‐than‐before ideological shift away from “Might is Right” toward responsibility for “Crimes against Humanity”. While the perpetrating group's glories have brought the generations that follow much pride, increasingly the group's breach of Geneva‐type Conventions and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights have brought condemnation which has wrought guilt and shame to the perpetrator's children and their children. There are renowned examples in history of such collective guilt and shame that have become part of the perpetrating large‐group's identity and psyche, such as (1) the United States' importing slavery which to this day brings not only guilt and shame to many of us, but also continuous events of turmoil to our society that so ignobly treated African Americans; and, (2) several generations of Germans today continue to experience profound shame and guilt for what their Nazi Third Reich forbearers did to about 11 million “undesirables”. While certainly not comparable to these abominable examples, should not Israel be consciously aware of the consequences of perpetrating on the Palestinians unduly provocative and destructive self‐defense strategies that may in consequence be costly to the Jewish people's collective psyche and induce much guilt and shame in generations of Jews that will follow us?
The Amniote Oculomotor Complex
Authors: Company Verónica , Moreno‐Bravo Juan Antonio , Perez‐Balaguer Ariadna , Puelles Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe oculomotor (OM) complex is a combination of somatic and parasympatethic neurons. The correct development and wiring of this cranial pair is essential to perform basic functions: eyeball and eyelid movements, pupillary constriction, and lens accommodation. The improper formation or function of this nucleus leads pathologies such as strabismus. We describe the OM organization and function in different vertebrate brains, including chick, mouse, and human. The morphological localization is detailed, as well as the spatial relation with the trochlear nucleus in order to adjust some misleading anatomical topographic descriptions. We detailed the signaling processes needed for the specification of the OM neurons. The transcriptional programs driven the specification and differentiation of these neurons are partially determined. We summarized recent genetic studies that have led to the identification of guidance mechanisms involved in the migration, axon pathfinding, and targeting of the OM neurons. Finally, we overviewed the pathology associated to genetic malformations in the OM development and related clinical alterations. Anat Rec, 302:446–451, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Constructive Globally Convergent Adaptive Speed Observer For Port‐Hamiltonian Mechanical Systems with Non‐Holonomic Constraints
Authors: Touati Brahim Ammar , Kidouche Madjid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive speed observer for general port‐Hamiltonian mechanical systems with non‐holonomic constraints in the presence of unknown friction forces and constant disturbances. Unlike the observers recently reported in the literature, which have been designed either under the assumptions of no friction and the absence of disturbances or for a specific class of mechanical systems with the requirement of an explicit solution of certain Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that cannot be derived a priori, this observer proposes a design that obviates the solution of PDEs and ensures global convergence for general mechanical systems with k‐non‐holonomic constraints. The observer is totally constructive and given by explicit expressions. The simulation results testify to the effectiveness and the robust features of the developed observer.
Konstruktiver Wasserbau in der Normung
Authors: Kunz Claus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNormen des konstruktiven Wasserbaus werden im DIN‐Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW), hier Fachbereich Wasserbau (NA 119‐02 FB), bearbeitet. Der Fachbereich wird im Zusammenhang mit dem Normenausschuss Wasserwesen und mit seinem Portfolio vorgestellt. In Überarbeitung befindliche Normen werden kurz dargestellt. In einem Ausblick werden weitere Normen benannt, die zeitnah überarbeitet werden sollen, aber auch mögliche künftige Normungsaktivitäten. Der Fachbereich wird hierzu jeweils in den einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften Aufrufe zur Mitarbeit lancieren.
Microalgae processing for jet fuel production
Authors: Bwapwa Joseph K. , Anandraj Akash , Trois Cristina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on the laboratory production of jet fuel from microalgae. In contrast with many studies that use partial nutrient starvation to boost lipid content of the species, physiological modification was undertaken under complete nutrient starvation for 3 days to increase lipid content beyond 80%. This was followed by biomass harvesting, which was necessary for downstream processes. Large amounts of biomass were achieved between day 8 and day 10 during the cultivation period, with temperatures ranging between 15 and 35 °C under constant luminance of 1000 lux and daily supply of CO2 for 15 days. It was found that Nannochloropsis sp. grew effectively between 15 °C and 25 °C with more biomass produced in the same temperature range. Conversion processes involved steps such as oil extraction, thermal cracking without catalyst at 300 °C and fractionation between 70 °C and 250 °C. The pyrolysis of bio‐oil was also undertaken as a fast cracking process for the temperature ranging between 350 °C and 450 °C within 12 s. Some parameters such as flash point, net heat of combustion, sulfur, and viscosity complied with ASTM standards. Jet fuel from microalgae therefore shows potential despite many challenges related to cost effectiveness and sustainability. In order to obtain a bio‐jet fuel that is completely compliant with ASTM standards, upgrading, reforming processes, and the use of additives will be needed more, especially for pilot and large‐scale production once fuel sustainability is achieved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anhydrous polymer‐based coating with sustainable controlled release functionality for facile, efficacious impregnation, and delivery of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Lim Kaiyang , Saravanan Rathi , Chong Kelvin K. L. , Goh Sharon H. M. , Chua Ray R. Y. , Tambyah Paul A. , Chang Matthew W. , Kline Kimberly A. , Leong Susanna S. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnhydrous polymers are actively explored as alternative materials to overcome limitations of conventional hydrogel‐based antibacterial coating. However, the requirement for strong organic solvent in polymerization reactions often necessitates extra protection steps for encapsulation of target biomolecules, lowering encapsulation efficiency, and increasing process complexity. This study reports a novel coating strategy that allows direct solvation and encapsulation of antimicrobial peptides (HHC36) into anhydrous polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer‐based dual layer coating. A thin 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC) film is layered onto the peptide‐impregnated PCL as a diffusion barrier, to modulate and enhance release kinetics. The impregnated peptides are eventually released in a controlled fashion. The use of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE), as polymerization and solvation medium, induces the impregnated peptides to adopt highly stable turned conformation, conserving peptide integrity, and functionality during both encapsulation and subsequent release processes. The dual layer coating showed sustained antibacterial functionality, lasting for 14 days. In vivo assessment using an experimental mouse wounding model demonstrated good biocompatibility and significant antimicrobial efficacy of the coating under physiological conditions. The coating was translated onto silicone urinary catheters and showed promising antibacterial efficacy, even outperforming commercial silver‐based Dover cather. This anhydrous polymer‐based platform holds immense potential as an effective antibacterial coating to prevent clinical device‐associated infections. The simplicity of the coating process enhances its industrial viability.
Two-year results of the randomized clinical trial DILALA comparing laparoscopic lavage with resection as treatment for perforated diverticulitis
Authors: Kohl A , Rosenberg J , Bock D , Bisgaard T , Skullman S , Thornell A , Gehrman J , Angenete E , Haglind E 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Traditionally, perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis was treated with resection and colostomy (Hartmann's procedure), with inherent complications and risk of a permanent stoma. The DILALA (DIverticulitis – LAparoscopic LAvage versus resection (Hartmann's procedure) for acute diverticulitis with peritonitis) and other randomized trials found laparoscopic lavage to be a feasible and safe alternative. The medium-term follow-up results of DILALA are reported here.

Methods
Patients were randomized during surgery after being diagnosed with Hinchey grade III perforated diverticulitis at diagnostic laparoscopy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with one or more secondary operations from 0 to 24 months after the index procedure in the laparoscopic lavage versus Hartmann's procedure groups. The trial was registered as ISRCTN82208287.

Results
Forty-three patients were randomized to laparoscopic lavage and 40 to Hartmann's procedure. Patients in the lavage group had a 45 per cent reduced risk of undergoing one or more operations within 24 months (relative risk 0·55, 95 per cent c.i. 0·36 to 0·84; P = 0·012) and had fewer operations (ratio 0·51, 95 per cent c.i. 0·31 to 0·87; P = 0·024) compared with those in the Hartmann's group. No difference was found in mean number of readmissions (1·37 versus 1·50; P = 0·221) or mortality between patients randomized to laparoscopic lavage or Hartmann's procedure. Three patients in the lavage group and nine in the Hartmann's group had a colostomy at 24 months.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic lavage is a better option for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis than open resection and colostomy.
Echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Grapsa J. , Tzemos N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is a debilitating disease with limited treatment options and prognosis. A significant part of right heart failure management is the accurate imaging of right heart chambers with the means of conventional echocardiography as well as advanced imaging. The purpose of this review was to explain the anatomy and physiology of the right heart chambers and subsequently to demonstrate all latest available echocardiographic indices specific for right heart. We also discuss three‐dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking as advanced imaging modalities for right heart assessment.
Long‐Lasting Non‐hydrogenated Dark Titanium Dioxide: Medium Vacuum Anneal for Enhanced Visible Activity of Modified Multiphase Photocatalysts
Authors: Ozer Lütfiye Y. , Apostoleris Harry , Ravaux Florent , Shylin Sergii I. , Mamedov Fikret , Lindblad Andreas , Johansson Fredrik O. L. , Chiesa Matteo , Sá Jacinto , Palmisano Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiphase TiO2 was stably modified by vacuum treatment for a dramatic improvement in visible‐light absorption and photocatalytic reactivity. The samples were made of rutile‐brookite, bare or N doped, and were grown on reduced graphene oxide. The stable introduction of Ti3+ species and oxygen vacancies resulting in mitigated electron–hole recombination was identified as the main responsible factor, along with a change in surface charges.
Solid‐State and Solution‐Mediated Polymorphic Transformation of Rifampicin
Authors: Jing Dingding , Gu Yuan , Xia Huiming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRifampicin, a semisynthetic broad‐spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity for a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, has three crystal forms, namely, I, II, and SV. Forms I and II are bioavailable. Solid‐state polymorphic transformation (SST) from Form II to I and solution‐mediated polymorphic transformation (SMT) from Form I to II were investigated by offline X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Solubility and supersolubility of rifampicin Forms I and II in different solvents were obtained using the static method and turbidity meter method separately. The thermodynamic study of rifampicin proved that crystal Form I was more stable than Form II. These studies were necessary to optimize the crystallization process and crystal form controlling. The bulk density which influences significantly the drug loading capacity was clearly developed.