bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in synthesizing protocells
Authors: Toparlak O Duhan , Mansy Sheref S 
Published: December 2018

The traditional route to investigating biology by perturbing living systems or by individually purifying and characterizing component parts is giving way to more complex endeavors where chemists and physicists attempt to build cells from scratch. Parallel efforts are underway that either exploits extant biological parts or prebiotically plausible molecules. Both approaches help to reveal the underlying physical–chemical forces that give rise to cellular function and highlight the important role played by polymers in regulating biological chemical systems. Although the success in RNA and lipid chemistry has led to the reconstitution of specific facets of cellular life, our understanding of dynamic, dissipative networks is currently too incomplete to allow for the construction of a self-sustained, integrated protocell. However, the presence of shared chemistry points to a promising path forward. Impact statement Advances in the understanding of the biophysics of membranes, the nonenzymatic and enzymatic polymerization of RNA, and in the design of complex chemical reaction networks have led to a new, integrated way of viewing the shared chemistry needed to sustain life. Although a protocell capable of Darwinian evolution has yet to be built, the seemingly disparate pieces are beginning to fit together. At the very least, better cellular mimics are on the horizon that will likely teach us much about the physicochemical underpinnings of cellular life.
Evaluating the Psychosocial Impact of Indoor Public Spaces in Complex Healthcare Settings
Authors: Lacanna Giuseppe , Wagenaar Cor , Avermaete Tom , Swami Viren 
Published: December 2018

Objective: This article describes an approach to a metrics-based evaluation of public space in hospitals using cross-disciplinary qualitative and quantitative analyses. The method, Indoor Public Space Measurement (IPSM), is well suited to researchers and designers who intend to evaluate user-centered spatial solutions in hospitals and similar facilities. Background: Healthcare is transiting toward a value-based policy at all levels. Choosing the right set of qualitative and quantitative analyses to support value-based design solutions is not always an easy journey for healthcare design consultants. This article seeks to pull together the key analyses to evaluate the impact of the hospital indoor public space on the psychosocial well-being of the hospital users. Method: A step-by step guide to performing key analyses to evaluate the impact of hospital indoor public space environment on the users’ psychosocial well-being is provided. A case study from the authors’ research is utilized to illustrate the application of the method. Results: Interpolating the results of all the analyses, the reader can identify where in the layout most of interactions among users occur, identify their typology and evaluate the contribution to the general psychosocial well-being, and know which group of users is more exposed to a specific typology of interaction. Conclusions: The IPSM method can help design consultants to measure the impact of the built environment of hospital public space on its occupants’ psychosocial well-being: factual knowledge about the users’ behavioral response with respect to wayfinding and social interaction. The application of the method is not limited to healthcare settings only.
Outcomes of renal dysfunction in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Hadem Johannes , Kielstein Jan T. , Manns Michael P. , Kümpers Philipp , Lukasz Alexander 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAlthough acute kidney injury (AKI) often accompanies acute liver failure (ALF), its impact on long‐term outcome is unknown.ObjectiveThis study examines the incidence, severity and outcomes of AKI in patients with ALF.MethodsA total of 134 ALF patients treated at Hannover Medical School between 1995 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFifty‐four ALF patients (40.3%) demonstrated AKI, as defined by the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification, on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 85 patients (63.4%) developed AKI prior to ALF recovery, emergency liver transplantation (ELT) or death. AKI severity was closely associated with other end‐organ damage (p < 0.001). Follow‐up creatinine levels in survivors were increased compared to baseline levels (76 versus 64 µmol/l, p = 0.003). One‐hundred‐and‐three (76.9%) patients reached the combined endpoint of ELT or death, and 42 (31.3%) patients died within 28 days. AKIN stage 3 at ICU admission was the strongest independent predictor of 28‐day overall mortality (hazard ratio 3.48, 95% confidence interval 1.75–6.93, p < 0.001) and ELT or death (hazard ratio 2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.60–3.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAKI is a frequent complication in ALF that correlates with remote organ damage and long‐term creatinine levels and independently predicts outcome.
Pericardial flap to repair a pulmonary laceration in a cat with pyothorax
Authors: Pérez López Pablo , Martinoli Stefania 
Published: December 2018

Case summary A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of acute onset tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Pyothorax was diagnosed based on thoracic radiographs and fluid analysis. Medical treatment consisted of bilateral thoracostomy tube placement, antibiotic therapy and thoracic lavage. After 12 days of medical management infection was still present, warranting exploratory thoracotomy. At surgery, encapsulated abscesses were found in the left lung, right cranial and right middle lobes. The right caudal lobe was the only macroscopically non-abscessated lobe, and appeared to have a parenchymal laceration 8 mm long over the dorsolateral surface. Following partial pericardiectomy, mediastinectomy and debridement of abscesses, a pericardial flap was reflected caudolaterally and apposed over the laceration to seal the affected lung lobe. This flap was sutured to a rim of fibrinous adhesion that was partially covering this lobe. After 8 days the cat was discharged with antibiotic therapy for 3 more weeks. Follow-up assessment at 19 and 38 weeks postoperatively confirmed the cat to have good exercise tolerance. Thoracic radiographs at 19 weeks revealed good bilateral aeration of the pulmonary parenchyma without pleural effusion. Relevance and novel information Lung lobe laceration can be treated by lung lobectomy or direct suturing of the lung parenchyma. This is the first report using a pericardial flap to repair a lung laceration. Pericardial flap was successfully used to treat this lung laceration where lobectomy was contraindicated. Encouraging results were present at 8 months postoperatively.
A mechanical analog thoracolumbar spine model for the evaluation of scoliosis bracing technology
Authors: Chung Chloe L , Kelly Derek M , Steele Jack R , DiAngelo Denis J 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Thoracolumbar braces are used to treat Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. The objective of this study was to design and validate a mechanical analog model of the spine to simulate a thoracolumbar, single-curve, scoliotic deformity in order to quantify brace structural properties and corrective force response on the spine. Methods The Scoliosis Analog Model used a linkage-based system to replicate 3D kinematics of spinal correction observed in the clinic. The Scoliosis Analog Model is used with a robotic testing platform and programmed to simulate Cobb angle and axial rotation correction while equipped with a brace. The 3D force and moment responses generated by the brace in reaction to the simulated deformity were measured by six-axis load cells. Results Validation of the model’s force transmission showed less than 6% loss in the force analysis due to assembly friction. During simulation of 10° Cobb angle and 5° axial rotation correction, the brace applied 101 N upwards and 67 N inwards to the apical connector of the model. Brace stiffness properties were 0.5–0.6 N/° (anteroposterior), 0.5–2.3 N/° (mediolateral), 23.3–26.5 N/° (superoinferior), and 0.6 Nm/° (axial rotational). Conclusions The Scoliosis Analog Model was developed to provide first time measures of the multidirectional forces applied to the spine by a thoracolumbar brace. This test assembly could be used as a future design and testing tool for scoliosis brace technology.
A tool for designing digital filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling
Authors: Werthmüller Dieter , Key Kerry , Slob Evert C. 
Published: December 2018

The open-source code fdesign makes it possible to design digital linear filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms used in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling. Digital filters can be derived for any electromagnetic (EM) method, such as methods in the diffusive limits (direct current, controlled-source EM [CSEM]) as well as methods using higher frequency content (ground-penetrating radar [GPR], acoustic and elastic wavefields). The direct matrix inversion method is used for the derivation of the filter values, and a brute-force minimization search is carried out over the defined spacing and shifting values of the filter basis. Included or user-provided theoretical transform pairs are used for the inversion. Alternatively, one can provide layered subsurface models that will be computed with a precise quadrature method using the EM modeler empymod to generate numerical transform pairs. The comparison of the presented 201 pt filter with previously presented filters indicates that it performs better for some standard CSEM cases. The derivation of a longer 2001 pt filter for a GPR example with a 250 MHz center frequency proves that the filter method works not only for diffusive EM fields but also for wave phenomena. The presented algorithm provides a tool to create problem specific digital filters. Such purpose-built filters can be made shorter and can speed up consecutive potential, diffusive, and wavefield inversions.
The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS): Cohort characteristics at enrollment
Authors: Castillo Marcela C. , Fuseini Nurain M. , Rittenhouse Katelyn , Price Joan T. , Freeman Bethany L. , Mwape Humphrey , Winston Jennifer , Sindano Ntazana , Baruch-Gravett Courtney , Chi Benjamin H. , Kasaro Margaret P. , Litch James A. , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Vwalika Bellington 
Published: December 2018

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of preterm birth and other adverse outcomes. A better understanding of the demographic, clinical, and biologic underpinnings of these adverse outcomes is urgently needed to plan interventions and inform new discovery. Methods:The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS) is a prospective observational cohort established at the Women and Newborn Hospital (WNH) in Lusaka, Zambia. We recruit pregnant women from district health centers and the WNH and offer ultrasound examination to determine eligibility. Participants receive routine obstetrical care, lab testing, midtrimester cervical length measurement, and serial fetal growth monitoring. At delivery, we assess gestational age, birthweight, vital status, and sex and assign a delivery phenotype. We collect blood, urine, and vaginal swab specimens at scheduled visits and store them in an on-site biorepository. In September 2017, enrollment of the ZAPPS Phase 1 – the subject of this report – was completed. Phase 2 – which is limited to HIV-uninfected women – reopened in January 2018. Results:Between August 2015 and September 2017, we screened 1784 women, of whom 1450 (81.2%) met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The median age at enrollment was 27 years (IQR 23–32) and thee median gestational age was 16 weeks (IQR 13–18). Among parous women (N=866; 64%), 21% (N=182) reported a prior miscarriage, 49% (N=424) reported a prior preterm birth, and 13% (N=116) reported a prior stillbirth. The HIV seroprevalence was 24%. Discussion:We have established a large cohort of pregnant women and newborns at the WHN to characterize the determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Lusaka, Zambia. Our overarching goal is to elucidate biological mechanisms in an effort to identify new strategies for early detection and prevention of adverse outcomes. We hope that findings from this cohort will help guide future studies, clinical care, and policy.
Different composition of leucocytes in cortical and cancellous bone healing in a mouse model
Authors: Tätting L. , Sandberg O. , Bernhardsson M. , Ernerudh J. , Aspenberg† P. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives Cortical and cancellous bone healing processes appear to be histologically different. They also respond differently to anti-inflammatory agents. We investigated whether the leucocyte composition on days 3 and 5 after cortical and cancellous injuries to bone was different, and compared changes over time using day 3 as the baseline. Methods Ten-week-old male C56/Bl6J mice were randomized to either cancellous injury in the proximal tibia or cortical injury in the femoral diaphysis. Regenerating tissues were analyzed with flow cytometry at days 3 and 5, using panels with 15 antibodies for common macrophage and lymphocyte markers. The cellular response from day 3 to 5 was compared in order to identify differences in how cancellous and cortical bone healing develop. Results Between day 3 and 5, the granulocytes increased in the cancellous model, whereas the lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes (CD11b+, F4/80+, CD206+, CD14+) increased in the cortical model. Conclusion These results suggest an acute type of inflammation in cancellous bone healing, and a more chronic inflammation in cortical healing. This might explain, in part, why cancellous healing is faster and more resistant to anti-inflammatory drugs than are diaphyseal fractures. Cite this article: L. Tätting, O. Sandberg, M. Bernhardsson, J. Ernerudh, P. Aspenberg. Different composition of leucocytes in cortical and cancellous bone healing in a mouse model. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:620–628. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.712.BJR-2017-0366.R2.
Singing for health: Do members of a generic singing for health group experience similar effects on health and well-being as those in condition-specific groups?
Authors: Price Sonia , Whitfield Laura 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Throughout time, and within differing cultures, music has been understood to have a beneficial impact on health. Group singing, in particular, may have specific benefits for health compared to alternative forms of music making and listening, and there exists a growing body of research examining the impact of singing on health. This mixed-methods study explored the benefits to health and well-being reported by people attending a generic singing for health group. A comparison of findings was made against existing data on the benefits reported by people attending condition-specific groups. Results indicated a similarity in reported benefits and a preference for a generic group, which may have implications for the future commissioning of singing for health groups.
Differential expression of 3Î²-HSD and mlncRNAs in response to abiotic stresses in Digitalis nervosa
Authors: Salimi Vahideh , Maroufi Asad , Majdi Mohammad 
Published: December 2018

Digitalis nervosa is an important medicinal plant species belonging to the family of Scrophulariaceae that has the potential to be used for heart failure. 3Î²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3Î²-HSD) is a key gene in the biosynthesis of cardenolides for making digitalis effective compounds, hence identification of this gene is important for genetic engineering purposes towards increasing the yield of cardiac glycosides. In addition, mRNA-like non-coding RNAs (mlncRNAs), a class of long non coding RNAs, play key roles in various biological processes and may affect cardenolides pathway in digitalis plants. In the present work, full sequence of 3Î²-HSD was isolated from Digitalis nervosa. Gene expression patterns of 3Î²-HSD along with three mlncRNAs including mlncRNA23, mlncRNA28 and mlncRNA30 were studied and the results indicated that they are differentially expressed in different tissues including roots, stems and leaves, with the highest expression levels in leaves. Moreover, the transcript levels of these genes affected by the cold and drought stresses. The results obtained from the present study is important in order to understand the potential role of mlncRNAs in digitalis plants, especially in response to abiotic stresses.
Der Tempel von Muṣaṣir – ein „normaler“ susi-Tempel
Authors: Franke Sabina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A relief from the palace of Šarru-ukīn (Sargon) at Dūr-Šarrukīn/Ḫorsābād depicts the Ḫaldi temple in Muṣaṣir. Hitherto this representation has been interpreted as a special form of an Urartean temple not otherwise attested. However, the representation of the Ḫaldi temple in Muṣaṣir fits the pattern of Urartian susi-temples if we assume that the Assyrian artist intended to show the peculiarities of the foreign temple by pulling the sides forward and attaching them to the front in order to exhibit its outer decoration and roof.
Hittite -pat and imma as Focus Particles: Lexicalisation
Authors: Sideltsev Andrei V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with lexicalisation of focus particles -pat and imma in Hittite, i.e. the use of the particles as word building means of deriving different classes of indefinite pronouns. Whereas the particles are shown to lexicalize differently (imma is a marker of free choice indefinite pronouns and -pat occurs disproportionately often with demonstrative pronouns), there is an overlap of their lexicalisation in the free choice sphere.
Absorbing Aerosol Sensor on Gao-Fen 5B satellite
Authors: Shi Entao , Wang Yongmei , Jia Nan , Mao Jinghua , Lu Guanda , Liang Shaolin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Absorbing Aerosol Sensor (AAS) will be launched aboard the GaoFen-5B satellite in China. The main purpose of AAS is to monitor absorbing aerosols by measuring the solar backscatter radiation. AAS is an ultraviolet-visible imaging spectrometer that uses a single charge coupled device to capture both the spectrum and the cross-track direction with a 114° wide swath. The large field of view enables daily global coverage with 4-km spatial resolution. The spectral range of the instrument extends from 340 to 550 nm with spectral resolution (full width at half maximum) of 2 nm. This paper provides details of the instrument design, including system design, optical design, and mechanical design, as well as detector and calibration unit on orbit. The numerous simulations show that all design results satisfy the specification and vibration requirements of the instrument.
Some Aspects of the Soil Physical Status of the Vine Plantations in the Context of Rural Development
Authors: Pető Judit , Hüvely Attila , Palkovics András , Vojnich Viktor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The rural development grants - among others - help to promote the competitiveness of the agricultural activities. Plantations take great interest in the southeastern part of Hungary. Farmers need to make soil tests before plantation of fruit and grape. We investigated the distribution of the main physical characteristics in this area. For the establishment of vineyards, the areas were adequate according to the pH, and salt content. The results of the soil tests show some strong relationships between the determined physical parameters.
Common-mode rejection in the measurement of wearable ECG with cooperative sensors
Authors: Rapin Michaël , Regamey Yves-Julien , Chételat Olivier 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Recently, telemonitoring of vital signs has gained a lot of research interest. Especially for electrocardiogram (ECG), which is among the most frequently measured vital sign. However, the integration of classical ECG Holter in wearables is problematic since shielded cables and gel electrodes are required to get ECG signals of highest quality. We have recently introduced a novel sensing architecture based on active electrodes (so-called cooperative sensors) that significantly reduces the cabling complexity of the monitoring device. After briefly recalling the principle of cooperative sensors this paper details how they address rejection of common-mode voltage induced by electromagnetic disturbances. The proposed approach uses an auto-identification technique based on a continuous-time calibration of the sensor system and a digital control loop. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach, a 12-lead ECG monitoring system was implemented with the new common-mode rejection method. Measurements on four healthy volunteers showed that the signal quality obtained with the cooperative-sensor system (using dry electrodes) is equivalent to the one measured with a gold standard medical device (using gel electrodes) in exercise stress tests.
Structural health monitoring of tissue mechanics for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Cong , Hainsworth Brent , Sydney Maxwell , Lee Michael , Ormsby Zane , Haggers Marcus , Chase J. Geoffrey 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) method for breast cancer diagnosis based on a non-invasive digital imaging elasto-tomography (DIET) screening system is evaluated using data from 3 clinical trial patients, comprising 2 healthy breasts and 4 breasts with cancer. The identified mechanical nominal stiffness with ∼2x higher values compared to healthy tissue stiffness localized the correct cancerous area (CA) or tumor location, matching the mammography detection for all 4 breasts with cancer. The difference in identified stiffness varies across different frequencies and individuals. However, the identified stiffness for all healthy breasts and/or health tissue regions are consistent across frequencies, avoiding false positive diagnosis. The overall approach can be implemented automatically without requiring a skilled operator, thus reducing the screening cost.
Temperature-controlled laser therapy of the retina via robust adaptive H∞{\mathcal{H}_{\infty }}-control
Authors: Herzog Christian , Thomsen Ole , Schmarbeck Benedikt , Siebert Marlin , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate therapeutic benefits in retinal laser therapy even for non-visible effects of the irradiation. However, in practice, ophthalmologists often rely on the visual inspection of irradiation sites to manually set the laser power for subsequent ones. Since absorption properties vary strongly between sites, this procedure can lead to under- or over-treatment. To achieve safe automatic retinal laser therapy, this article proposes a robust control scheme based on photoacoustic feedback of the retinal temperature increase. The control scheme is further extended to adapt to real-time parameter estimates and associated bounds on the uncertainty of each irradiation site. Both approaches are successfully validated in ex vivo experiments on pigs’ eyes, achieving consistent irradiation durations of 55 ms despite the uncertainty in absorption properties.
Application of Kalman filter for breathing effort reconstruction for OSAS patients in breathing therapy
Authors: Scheel Mathias , Berndt Andreas , Simanski Olaf 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is the gold standard to treat the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The CPAP-device generates a positive pressure to splint the upper respiratory tracts preventing an collapse of the tracts and the pharynx. It has been shown that many CPAP-devices cannot maintain the pressure set points adjusted by the medical staff, because the mask pressure is seriously influenced by the patient’s breathing. In this work a method is provided to estimate the breathing effort of the patient. Therefore a model of the breathing therapy system is introduced and the application of the Kalman filter is described. The estimated breathing effort could then be used in further control strategies to improve the control quality.