bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B-03 Neurocognitive Outcome from Anaplastic Astrocytoma: A Case Study of Neural Compensation
Authors: Rolin S , Mullen C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare malignant brain tumor occurring in adults aged 30 to 50, with an incidence of 5 to 8 people per 100,000. Cognitive dysfunction is a complication after tumor resection, resulting from neurotrauma of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. Neural compensation and neuroplasticity can allow intact cognitive functioning after brain resection in brain areas expected to be impacted by the neurotrauma.

Method
The current case study is a 45-year-old female post -resection for dendritic cell vaccine clinical trial followed by adjuvant radiation of an anaplastic astrocytoma of the frontal lobe. MRI of the brain post right frontal craniotomy was indicative of extra-axial fluid communicating with the anterior aspect of the right lateral ventricle, hemosiderin along the medial resection margin, and T2/FLAIR signal abnormality in the left medial and right inferior frontal lobes.

Results
Test data revealed intact global cognitive functioning (WAIS-IV; FSIQ = 101 SS), with below expected performance on verbal comprehension (WAIS-IV; VCI = 98 SS). Consistent with the area of resection, she had impairments in visuoconstruction and executive functioning specific to mental generativity. However, performances with regard to math achievement were intact (WIAT; Math Problem Solving = 110 SS; Numerical Operations = 104 SS), despite significant neurotrauma to the prefrontal cortex. She also produced left lateralized fine motor weakness.

Conclusions
Accommodations for work, outpatient therapies, and psychotherapy were recommended. This case enhances the understanding of neurocognitive performance after neurotrauma involving tumor resection and radiation treatment in rare malignant brain tumor, and highlights the impact of neural compensation after resection.
B-05 Age of Seizure Onset Predicted Categorical Fluency Switching and Anxiety in People with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Faerman A , Lalani S , Spies-Upton S , Teague A , Kopald B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether demographic variables can assist in predicting executive dysfunction in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Method
Data were collected from presurgical evaluations of 13 individuals with TLE (67% females, mean age 34 ± 12) at the University of California, San Francisco Epilepsy Center. Executive functions were assessed using subtests from the D-KEFS (Verbal Fluency and Color/Word Interference Tests) and the Trail Making Test B. Given that depression and anxiety symptoms have been previously shown to be associated with poorer executive performance in individuals with TLE (Paradiso et al., 2001), predictability of the BDI-II and BAI scores were also tested. Linear regression analyses were used to test predictive values of demographic variables (age, age at seizure onset [ASO], years of education, gender, and right vs. left temporal epileptogenic source).

Results
ASO (β = .75, p = .021), gender (β = .632, p = .041), and education (β = .555, p = .05) explained 66% of the variance in the Verbal Fluency Switching scaled scores (R²=.66, F(4,8)= 3.876, p = .049). Education (β = .772, p = .009) and ASO (β = .686, p = .023) explained 70% of the variance in Verbal Fluency Switching Accuracy scaled scores (R² = .708, F(4,8) = 4.844, p = .028). Age (β = -.862, p = .003) and seizure onset (β = .457, p = .049) explained 52% of the variance in BAI scores (R² = .525, F(4,16) = 3.319, p = .032).

Conclusions
ASO predicted category switching and anxiety severity, while none of the demographic variables explored in this study predicted visuomotor switching. Further research should explore the efficacy of early interventions to protect against future executive dysfunction in TLE.
The Relationship of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography with Attention, Motor, and Social-Emotional Functioning in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Balderrama M , Merrill C , Whitaker A , Kayser K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at greater risk for certain neuropsychological deficits due to their medical condition and associated complications. Previous studies have explored the relationship between Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and various domains of neuropsychological functioning in pediatric SCD populations; however, these studies are dated, present variable and inconsistent findings, and are somewhat limited in scope. The goal of this study was to update and expand upon previous research by examining the predictive relationship of TCD results with measures of attention, motor, and social-emotional functioning.

Methods
Thirty-six patients ages 3-19 with SCD with no known history of stroke, with TCD completed within the past 12 months, underwent a brief neuropsychological exam. Attention, motor, and social-emotional functioning were assessed as appropriate for age using the Conners Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT2/CPT3), Purdue Pegboard, and PROMIS, respectively. TCD values were gathered via medical record review, using the highest value of most recent TCD.

Results
TCD significantly predicted certain aspects of attention and motor ability, but not social-emotional functioning. Specifically, TCD significantly predicted Detectability (p = .005), Omissions (p = .001), Commissions (p = .012), Perseverations (p = .035), and HRT SD (p = .046) on K-CPT2/CPT-3 and the non-dominant (p = .009) and bilateral (p = .024) trial scores on the Purdue Pegboard.

Conclusion
This study provides new evidence that TCD may be predictive of motor functioning in pediatric SCD. Results confirm that TCD is predictive of attentional function, though subdomains impacted varied from previous research. While no significant relationship between psychosocial symptoms and TCD were identified, further studies utilizing more comprehensive measurement within this domain is warranted.
PGR - 2 Neuropsychology’s Role in Identifying Functional Neurological Disorder
Authors: Mietchen J , Kessler-Jones A , Mission P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To outline the usefulness of neuropsychological evaluation in identifying functional neurological disorder. Functional neurological disorder accounts for an estimated 16% of neurology referrals and is a “crisis of neurology” (Edwards & Bhatia, 2012). Adolescents with a history of neurologic compromise, including autoimmune disorders, are at increased risk for comorbid functional neurological disorder (Reuber, Mitchell, Howlett, Crimlisk, & Grünewald, 2005).

Method
16-year-old female with a history of Hoshimoto’s encephalopathy referred by her neurologist. Following diagnosis and treatment, she developed a constellation of symptoms, including wide set gait, nystagmus, incontinence, and dystonic episodes. She also reported lapses in memory that lasted a few minutes at a time. During these episodes, she forgot who her mother was and forgot details about her home, which resulted in panic.

Results
Two neuropsychological evaluations were completed over two years. Psychometric intelligence declined by two standard deviations compared to previous testing one year before. Her performance on memory tasks declined dramatically as well. Despite these declines, there was no decline in activities of daily living. She failed embedded and stand-alone performance validity measures (RDS = 4; TOMM = 29, 30, 28). These findings were described to her neurologist and psychiatrist and we discussed the importance of identifying functional symptoms in the context of her medical history.

Conclusions
Our evaluation identified significant discrepancies between neuropsychological performance and daily cognitive functioning. The memory lapses she described were inconsistent with any known etiology or illness. Neuropsychological evaluation identified symptoms of a functional nature and assisted in appropriate treatment planning.
PGR - 3 Adapting Neuropsychological Evaluation for a Complex Pediatric Patient with Challenging Behaviors
Authors: McEachern D , Steed M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The detrimental impact of in utero substance use on developing fetuses manifests well into adolescence (Wu, Ju, & Lu, 2011; Minnes, Lang, & Singer, 2011). Likewise, the effects of early childhood neglect during critical developmental periods may be long lasting (de Bellis, et al., 2009; Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002). Factors such as these may require creative adaptation of assessment. This case illustrates the process of evaluating a child presenting with an unusual developmental history and extremely challenging behaviors and describes efforts to maintain engagement while eliciting valid data. Successful and unsuccessful interventions will be reviewed.

Method
Patient is a 12-year-old Caucasian male admitted to a state psychiatric hospital with a complex presentation of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties. Aggravating factors consist of likely in utero drug and alcohol exposure, early trauma, chronic neglect, and unusually small physical stature. Neuropsychological evaluation was completed over the course of five days. Testing sessions were brief, on a unit where no one was present, and were structured using both intermittent and scheduled reinforcement to maintain effort and engagement.

Results
Testing indicated significant and consistent weaknesses in executive functioning, learning, memory, and attention. Despite the use of stimulant medication, difficulty with vigilance, sustained attention, and impulsivity persisted. Diagnoses were Neurodevelopmental Disorder associated with prenatal substance exposure, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined presentation, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Moderate.

Conclusions
Unconventional history warrants unconventional approach to assessment. Recommendations included not only approaches to improving his attention, but just as important, strategies to elicit his best performance in various settings.
EpiGraph: an open-source platform to quantify epithelial organization
Authors: Vicente-Munuera Pablo , Gómez-Gálvez Pedro , Tetley Robert J , Forja Cristina , Tagua Antonio , Letrán Marta , Tozluoglu Melda , Mao Yanlan , Escudero Luis M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
Here we present EpiGraph, an image analysis tool that quantifies epithelial organization. Our method combines computational geometry and graph theory to measure the degree of order of any packed tissue. EpiGraph goes beyond the traditional polygon distribution analysis, capturing other organizational traits that improve the characterization of epithelia. EpiGraph can objectively compare the rearrangements of epithelial cells during development and homeostasis to quantify how the global ensemble is affected. Importantly, it has been implemented in the open-access platform Fiji. This makes EpiGraph very user friendly, with no programming skills required.

Availability and implementation
EpiGraph is available at https://imagej.net/EpiGraph and the code is accessible (https://github.com/ComplexOrganizationOfLivingMatter/Epigraph) under GPLv3 license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CroP—Coordinated Panel visualization for biological networks analysis
Authors: Cruz António , Machado Penousal , Arrais Joel P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
CroP is a data visualization application that focuses on the analysis of relational data that changes over time. While it was specifically designed for addressing the preeminent need to interpret large scale time series from gene expression studies, CroP is prepared to analyze datasets from multiple contexts. Multiple datasets can be uploaded simultaneously and viewed through dynamic visualization models, which are contained within flexible panels that allow users to adapt the workspace to their data. Through clustering and the time curve visualization it is possible to quickly identify groups of data points with similar proprieties or behaviors, as well as temporal patterns across all points, such as periodic waves of expression. Additionally, it integrates a public biomedical database for gene annotation. CroP will be of major interest to biologists who seek to extract relations from complex sets of data.

Availability and implementation
CroP is freely available for download as an executable jar at https://cdv.dei.uc.pt/crop/.
Illuminating Child Mortality: Discovering Why Children Die
Authors: Raghunathan Pratima L , Madhi Shabir A , Breiman Robert F 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrent understanding of the causes of under-5 childhood deaths in low- and middle-income countries relies heavily on country-level vital registration data and verbal autopsies. Reliable data on specific causes of deaths are crucial to target interventions more effectively and achieve rapid reductions in under-5 mortality. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network aims to systematically describe causes of child death and stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries using minimally invasive tissue sampling. The articles in this supplement introduce the set of foundational epidemiologic, demographic surveillance, social behavioral science, and laboratory methods. Undergirding the CHAMPS surveillance system designed to determine causes of child mortality.
Association of Prophylactic Anti–Hepatitis B Virus Therapy With Improved Long-term Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Transarterial Therapy
Authors: Jang Jeong Won , Yoo Sun Hong , Nam Hee Chul , Jang Bo Hyun , Sung, Sung Pil Soo , Lee Won , Kwon Jung Hyun , Nam Soon Woo , Bae Si Hyun , Yoon Seung Kew , Choi Jong Young 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The effect of prophylactic antiviral therapy (AVT) on survival of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether prophylactic AVT could improve long-term survival in patients undergoing transarterial chemotherapy (TAC).

Methods
Between 2002 and 2016, 2860 newly diagnosed HBV-related patients with HCC treated with TAC were screened to analyze 2 groups based on prophylactic use of antivirals. Treatment effects were analyzed using propensity score (PS) matching (1:1) separately for the entire cohort and each subgroup. The primary endpoint was overall survival.

Results
A total of 1547 patients met the inclusion criteria and 1084 were PS matched for the 2 groups. Median follow-up duration was 16.55 months. In the entire unmatched cohort, patients receiving prophylactic AVT survived significantly longer than those who did not. Among AVT-untreated patients, baseline high viremia and HBV reactivation during treatment were significantly associated with shorter survival. Regarding types of antivirals, survival was significantly longer for patients receiving high-potency antivirals than those receiving low-potency antivirals. Survival differed with antiviral response. In the PS-matched cohort, the prophylactic AVT group survived significantly longer than the nonprophylactic group, irrespective of viral status or tumor stage. Prophylactic AVT remained an independent factor for survival. The association of prophylactic AVT with decreased risk of mortality persisted in patient subgroups after adjusting for baseline risk factors. Sensitivity analyses also confirmed estimated treatment effects.

Conclusions
Prophylactic AVT is associated with significantly improved long-term survival among patients undergoing TAC. High-potency antivirals are indicated for this approach.
Hepatitis B virus–associated morbidity is a well-known complication during transarterial chemotherapy (TAC). Our large-scale study demonstrated that prophylactic therapy with high-potency antivirals provides a significantly better survival in TAC-treated patients, irrespective of baseline viremia status or tumor stage.
Death with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a MADIT-II substudy
Authors: Chernomordik Fernando , Jons Christian , Klein Helmut U , Kutyifa Valentina , Nof Eyal , Zareba Wojciech , Daubert James P , Greenberg Henry , Glikson Michael , Goldenberg Ilan , Beinart Roy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
There are limited data regarding factors that identify implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients who will experience either ventricular tachyarrhythmic (VTA) or non-arrhythmic (NA) mortality, and the commonly used clinical classification of sudden cardiac death (SCD) vs. non-sudden cardiac death (NSCD) may not be accurate enough. We aimed to correlate clinical adjudication of mortality events to device interrogation data and to identify risk factors for VTA mortality in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT-II).

Methods and results
Of the 746 patients who received an ICD in MADIT-II, 44 died from cardiac causes and had available interrogation data at the time of death. Sudden cardiac death vs. NSCD was defined by an adjudication committee. Ventricular tachyarrhythmic and NA arrhythmic deaths were categorized by the presence or absence of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) during the terminal event. Mode of death was found to be inaccurate when validated by device interrogation for VTA events: 50% patients adjudicated as SCD did not have a VTA event at the time of death; and 25% of adjudicated NSCD were found to have VT/VF during the mortality event. Multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with VTA mortality included: VT/VF >72 h prior to the mortality event [hazard ratio (HR) 8.0; P < 0.001], hospitalization for heart failure (HR 6.7; P = 0.001), and a history of hypertension (HR 4; P = 0.04).

Conclusion
Current classification of SCD vs. NSCD fails to identify VTA events at the time of death in a significant proportion of patients, and simple clinical parameters can be used to identify ICD recipients with increased risk for VTA mortality.
Parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge on European preschool children’s total screen time: the ToyBox-study
Authors: Miguel-Berges María L , Santaliestra-Pasias Alba M , Mouratidou Theodora , Flores-Barrantes Paloma , Androutsos Odysseas , Craemer Marieke De , Galcheva Sonya , Koletzko Berthold , Kulaga Zbigniew , Manios Yannis , Moreno Luis A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Preschool children spend a significant proportion of their waking hours being sedentary. Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children’s lifestyle behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. This study aims to assess parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of their preschool children’s sedentary behaviours and the association with children’s television (TV)/video/DVDs viewing and total screen time.

Methods
Data were obtained from a sample of 4836 children (3.5–5.5 years), participating in the multi-centre ToyBox-study at baseline (T0) and at 1-year follow-up (T1) periods. Data on children’s sedentary behaviours were collected via a standardized proxy-administered primary caregiver’s questionnaire.

Results
Regarding total screen time, 66.6% of the children at T0 and 71.8% at T1 in the control group exceeded the recommendations, whereas the proportion in the intervention group varied from 69.7% at T0 to 72.5% at T1. The odds of exceeding total screen time recommendations were significantly higher when parental perceptions towards limiting the total screen time were negative [(both T0 and T1 and in the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05)]. Similarly, the odds of exceeding TV/video/DVDs viewing recommendations were significantly higher (both T0 and T1 is observed in both groups) when parental knowledge of recommendation were absent.

Conclusions
Preschool children whose caregivers stated rules limiting their sedentary screen time were less likely to spend a high amount of time watching TV/video/DVDs. Interventions to increase parental practices may be a promising approach to decrease total screen time of preschool children but studies are needed to confirm this.
Impaired turnover of hyperfused mitochondria in severe axonal neuropathy due to a novel DRP1 mutation
Authors: Longo Fabiana , Benedetti Sara , Zambon Alberto A , Sora Maria Grazia Natali , Di Resta Chiara , De Ritis Daniele , Quattrini Angelo , Maltecca Francesca , Ferrari Maurizio , Previtali Stefano Carlo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mitochondria undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission in response to physiopathological stimuli. The key player in mitochondrial fission is dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic protein encoded by dynamin 1-like (DNM1L) gene, which relocalizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it assembles, oligomerizes and drives mitochondrial division upon guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis. Few DRP1 mutations have been described so far, with patients showing complex and variable phenotype ranging from early death to encephalopathy and/or optic atrophy. The disease is the consequence of defective mitochondrial fission due to faulty DRP1 function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the functional consequences at mitochondrial and cellular level remain elusive. Here we report on a 5-year-old girl presenting psychomotor developmental delay, global hypotonia and severe ataxia due to axonal sensory neuropathy harboring a novel de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the GTPase domain of DRP1 (NM_012062.3:c.436G&gt;A, NP_036192.2: p.D146N variant in DNM1L). Patient’s fibroblasts show hyperfused/balloon-like giant mitochondria, highlighting the importance of D146 residue for DRP1 function. This dramatic mitochondrial rearrangement phenocopies what observed overexpressing DRP1-K38A, a well-known experimental dominant negative version of DRP1. In addition, we demonstrated that p.D146N mutation has great impact on peroxisomal shape and function. The p.D146N mutation compromises the GTPase activity without perturbing DRP1 recruitment or assembly, causing decreased mitochondrial and peroxisomal turnover. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of sensory neuropathy in the clinical spectrum of DRP1 variants and, for the first time, the impact of DRP1 mutations on mitochondrial turnover and peroxisomal functionality.
Tame Tori in p-Adic Groups and Good Semisimple Elements
Authors: Fintzen Jessica 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Let $G$ be a reductive group over a non-archimedean local field $k$. We provide necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for all tori of $G$ to split over a tamely ramified extension of $k$. We then show the existence of good semisimple elements in every Moy–Prasad filtration coset of the group $G(k)$ and its Lie algebra, assuming the above sufficient conditions are met.