bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase Deficiency in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)—A Comparison of the Complement-Sensitive and Insensitive Populations
Authors: KUNSTLING T. R. , ROSSE WENDELL F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The complement-sensitive and -insensitive cells of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria have been separated by differential lysis using a cold agglutinin antibody and limiting concentrations of complement. The erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of each population of cells was determined.
2. The membranes of the complement-sensitive cells characteristic of PNH completely lack AChE activity.
3. The membranes of the complement-insensitive cells usually contain less AChE than normal and the degree of decrease roughly parallels the degree of increased sensitivity to complement.
4. Lysis of normal cells by complement does not alter the AChE activity of their membranes.
5. The inhibition of AChE activity by neostigmine methylsulfate (Prostigmin®) does not increase the sensitivity of normal red cells to lysis by C’.
The Relationship of Bartonella Bacilliformis to the Red Blood Cell as Revealed by Electron Microscopy
Authors: CUADRA MANUEL , TAKANO JUAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ultrathin sections of erythrocytosis parasitized by B. bacilliformis have been examined by electron microscopy. The study concerns three Oroya Fever patients whose blood smears showed B. bacilliformis predominantly in its coccoid form as parastizing over 70 per cent of the red cells.
B. bacilliformis is termed as a bacterium in its structure and appears to lie not only on the host red cells but predominantly within them. Therefore, this organism might have the capacity to penetrate into the red cell. This finding does not change the basic concept regarding the mechanism of the anemia of Oroya Fever.
"Myeloma Protein" in a Patient with Monocytic Leukemia
Authors: POULIK M. DAVE , BERMAN LAWRENCE , PRASAD ANANDA S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 74 year old man with monocytic leukemia was found to have serum and urinary protein findings typical of myelomatosis. Lysozyme excretion in the urine was in the range characteristic of monocytic leukemia. There were no x-ray findings indicative of myeloma. Aspirated bone marrow specimens contained one to three per cent plasma cells, and less than 0.1 per cent atypical plasma cells. The leukemia responded temporarily but without remission to treatment with 6MP and steroid, with no effect on the myeloma protein profile or excretion of the urinary proteins.
The leukemia was present without overt morphologic or x-ray findings of myeloma, and the case differs from a similar example of the association of myeloma protein with monocytic leukemia in which the leukemia occurred as a terminal event in a previously well-documented myelomatosis.
The serum contained a fast-moving "myeloma gamma globulin" which was classified as γ-1, Kappa; Gm. (a + b - f -) Inv. (a). This protein was heterogeneous by starch gel electrophoresis. The urine contained large amounts of lysozyme, Fab, Fc and F'c fragments of the "myeloma gamma globulin," light chains of type Kappa, as well as whole gamma globulin. Small amounts of other serum proteins were also found.
The possibility of two neoplastic proliferations involving both the monocytes and plasma cells has been considered. Possible role of monocytoid stem cells with giant nucleoli in the synthesis of "myeloma protein" has been discussed.
Defective Bactericidal Activity of Monocytes in Fatal Granulomatous Disease
Authors: RODEY GLENN E. , PARK B. H. , WINDHORST DOROTHY B. , GOOD ROBERT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The bactericidal activity of monocyte-rich cell suspensions obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with fatal granulomatous disease (FGD), their mothers and normal controls was studied. Defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus, Strain 502A, by monocyte-rich cell suspensions from children with FGD was found when compared with monocyte-rich suspensions from normal controls. This defect, less severe, was also observed in the mothers of affected patients. In this selected population of mothers, the monocyte defect varied in parallel with the previously described neutrophil defect.
The Mononucleosis Cell III. Electron Microscopy
Authors: SCHUMACHER H. R. , McFEELY A. E. , MAUGEL T. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The peripheral mononucleosis lymphocytes from eleven patients with infectious mononucleosis were studied by means of electron microscopy. They were compared to normal lymphocytes in linear and area measurements, and in cellular characteristics by random selection of electron micrographs. The mononucleosis lymphocyte showed significantly greater cell and cytoplasmic area, greater cell length, more nucleoli, polyribosomes and compound vacuoles, than the normal lymphocyte. These ultrastructural findings are discussed in the light of our present biochemical knowledge of the mononucleosis cell. A tentative hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the mononucleosis cell is presented.
Hemoglobin L Ferrara in a Jewish Family Associated with a Hemolytic State in the Propositus
Authors: NAGEL RONALD L. , RANNEY HELEN M. , BRADLEY THOMAS B. , JACOBS ALAN , UDEM LINDA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Jewish family in which Hb L Ferrara (α247 Asp → Gly β2) occurred is reported. Studies of some of the properties of this hemoglobin demonstrated that its oxygen equilibria, number of readily reactive-SH groups, and spectro-photometric tyrosine titration were indistinguishable from Hb A. Nevertheless, Hb LF was more unstable than Hb A at 55 C. The propositus had accelerated blood destruction although six other heterozygotes for Hb LF did not. A second defect in red cell enzymes or red cell lipids of the propositus was not demonstrable with the technics used but the possibility that the simultaneous occurrence of Hb LF and an otherwise "silent" red cell defect may lead to a hemolytic state remains an attractive explanation. The data provided by this family study did not permit a definite conclusion about the relationship of clinically evident hemolysis in the propositus to the presence of the abnormal hemoglobin.
Serologic Specificity of Human Anti-IgA and its Significance in Transfusion
Authors: VYAS G. N. , HOLMDAHL L. , PERKINS H. A. , FUDENBERG H. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anti-IgA antibodies detected by a passive hemagglutination assay are either specific for the IgA class or they are of limited specificity. Persons lacking IgA can produce class-specific anti-IgA as a result of parenteral exposure to incompatible IgA globulin in blood and its components. In contrast, persons with normal levels of IgA may produce anti-IgA of limited specificity. Either type of anti-IgA antibodies was present in 86 per cent of anaphylactoid and urticarial transfusion reactions. A majority of these antibodies are of the IgG class.
The Separation of Normal Human Leukocytes by Density and Classification by Size
Authors: ZUCKER ROBERT M. , CASSEN BENEDICT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukocytes of hematologically normal human blood have been studied by separating them in bovine serum albumin gradients. The blood cells of the density fractions have been characterized by electronic volume sizing and microscope differential counts. The electronic volumes of different leukocyte populations have been determined from density gradient experiments. Lymphocytes of various sizes can be separated by differences in density. The small lymphocyte population is the most dense while the large population is the least dense. The density of blood cell populations in BSA in order of increasing density were: monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes.
Citrate Stabilization of Chromatographically Purified Factor VIII
Authors: HYNES HENRY E. , OWEN CHARLES A. , BOWIE E. J. WALTER , THOMPSON JOHN H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When oxalated or resin-decalcified human plasma was adsorbed with barium sulfate, equilibrated with 0.0175M phosphate buffer (pH 6.3), and chromatographed through diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, most of the plasma’s fibrinogen emerged from the column and factor XII was detected. No factor VIII was found. A second buffer phase, in which 0.04M phosphate buffer (pH 5.9) was used, removed more protein but not fibrinogen or factor VIII. A third phase, 0.10M phosphate buffer (pH 5.6), produced additional fibrinogen and, unlike the first fibrinogen fraction, factor XIII; but again, no factor VIII. A fourth and final phase, 0.40 to 0.50M phosphate buffer (pH 5.3), removed factors VIII and V, and the eluate contained no fibrinogen.
Although separation of fibrinogen into two components required the four-buffer system, maximal yields of factor VIII were achieved by compressing the first three buffer phases into one. Specific activities of about 50-fold, from large volumes of plasma, and 200-fold, from small volumes, were obtained.
Refined factor VIII was unstable unless citrate was added to a concentration of 0.4 per cent.
Brief Report: Prolonged Intravenous Iron-Dextran Therapy in a Patient with Multiple Hereditary Telangiectasia
Authors: CHERNELCH MILAN , WINCHELL HARRY SAUL , POLLYCOVE MYRON , SARGENT THORNTON , KUSUBOV NATALIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative measurements of blood and iron whole body radioiron loss, total body iron, and iron and erythrocyte kinetics are presented in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia treated with massive quantities of an iron-dextran complex given intravenously. This iron therapy enabled the patient to maintain a hemoglobin concentration of 6 Gm./100 ml. despite the loss of 600-900 ml. of blood per day. Though considerable hemosiderosis was present at the time of death, no apparent tissue injury was present. The excess iron present constituted a very small fraction of the total iron administered, was only slowly mobilizable for hemoglobin synthesis and, consequently, did not obviate the need for continued administration of fresh dextran iron.
Brief Report: Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Platelets
Authors: OKUMA MINORU , STEINER MANFRED , BALDINI MARIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood platelets showed an age dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Lipid peroxidation stimulated by heavy metal also increased with platelet age and rose at a much faster rate than the spontaneous peroxide formation. This suggests the loss of a cellular defense mechanism against lipid peroxidation in aging blood platelets.
On the Development of Slowly-turning-over Cell Types in Neonatal Rat Bone Marrow (Studies Utilizing the Complete Tritiated Thymidine Labeling Method Complemented by C-14 Thymidine Administration)
Authors: HAAS R. J. , BOHNE F. , FLIEDNER T. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The continuous H3-thymidine (H3-TdR) intravenous infusion of rats from day 9 of pregnancy until term results in the labeling of every single cell nucleus in the body of the offspring. Completely labeled newborn rats were sacrificed at serial intervals after birth. This provided the opportunity to follow the labeling pattern of all bone marrow cells during the development of this organ. Cytokinetically three types of cell renewal systems could be found: one type showed a rapid turnover losing all H3-TdR within 6 days, e.g., erythropoietic and myelopoietic cells. Another lost most of its labeling throughout the same time except a small but significant fraction (bone marrow lymphocytes). The third retained a high fraction of labeled cells with a high labeling intensity for weeks and months (reticular cells and endothelial cells).
2. A continuation of H3-TdR administration of 100 per cent labeled newborn rats throughout the first three weeks of neonatal life resulted cytokinetically in the same three different cell types. However, a larger fraction of reticular and endothelial cells as well as bone marrow lymphocytes remained labeled weeks and months after the last injection as compared with the first group of 100 per cent labeled animals.
3. An administration of C14-TdR to 100 per cent labeled newborn animals throughout the first 6 days after birth Showed that 30 to 40 per cent of the "resting" bone marrow cells have turned into a resting state before or at least at the time of birth. Forty per cent of these cells still had some proliferative capacity during the first 6 days of life. Twenty per cent showed in the first days after birth a rapid turnover whereas later on they acquired their final cytokinetic state. The possible influence of radiation toxicity on the time of establishment of resting cells is discussed. This approach appears of use to study the functional properties of resting bone marrow cell types in regenerative processes and the cellular origin in the bone marrow.
Identification of the Philadelphia (Ph-1) Chromosome
Authors: PRIETO FELIX , EGOZCUE JOSE , FORTEZA GERONIMO , MARCO FELIX 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of a marker G, which later converted into the Ph-1 chromosome, in a female patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, permitted identification of the G chromosome from which the Ph-1 originated as a member of the early replicating, G-22 pair.
Diagnosis of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the Negro Male Despite Hemolytic Crisis
Authors: HERZ FRITZ , KAPLAN EUGENE , SCHEYE ELSIE S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple procedure for the diagnosis of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Negro males experiencing hemolytic crisis is described. By measuring enzyme activity in the persisting older erythrocytes, the deficiency can be recognized without having to wait until the hemolytic episode and its reticulocyte response have subsided.
Absorption of Hemoglobin Iron: The Role of Xanthine Oxidase in the Intestinal Heme-Splitting Reaction
Authors: DAWSON R. BEN , RAFAL SHEILA , WEINTRAUB LEWIS R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heme from ingested hemoglobin—59Fe is taken into the epithelial cell of the small intestinal mucosa of the dog and the 59Fe subsequently appears in the plasma bound to transferrin. A substance was demonstrated in homogenates of the mucosa which releases iron from a hemoglobin substrate in vitro. Thus: (1) The addition of catalase to the mucosal homogenate reduces the "heme-splitting" reaction. In contrast, sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, potentiates the reaction. This suggests that a peroxide generating system participates in the "heme-splitting" reaction. (2) Xanthine oxidase, an enzyme present in the intestinal epithelial cell, produces H2O2 by oxidation of its substrate. The addition of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, to the intestinal mucosal homogenate diminishes the "heme-splitting" reaction. (3) Fractionation of the 50,000 Gm. supernatant of the mucosal homogenate on a G-200 Sephadex column shows the "heme-splitting" activity to have the same elution volume as xanthine oxidase, indicating a similar molecular weight. (4) The addition of a mucosal homogenate to a xanthine substrate results in the production of uric acid. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase in the intestinal epithelial cell is important in the release of iron from absorbed heme. The enzyme mediates the "heme-splitting" reaction by the generation of peroxides which, in turn, oxidize the alpha-methene bridge of the heme ring releasing iron and forming biliverdin.
Brief Report: Aspirin Ingestion Compared with Bleeding Disorders—Search for a Useful Platelet Antiaggregant
Authors: WEISS HARVEY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects on human platelets produced by ingesting aspirin have been compared with the types of platelet abnormalities observed in patients with bleeding disorders. The inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet function appears to be relatively weak and suggests a continued search for antiaggregant agents which may prove to be useful in preventing thrombosis.
Inheritable Differences in the Electrophoretic Pattern of Hemoglobin Revealed in a Local Random-Bred Colony of Albino Rats
Authors: MARTINOVIC JOVO V. , MARINKOVIC DOBRIVOJE V. , KANAZIR DUSAN T. , MARTINOVITCH PETER N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a local colony of random-bred Albino rats, three different patterns of hemoglobin, arbitrarily denoted as patterns I, II and III, were detected by means of starch-gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous buffer system. Mating experiments showed that rats bearing pattern I and pattern III hemoglobin bred true. Crosses of pattern I with pattern III animals yielded only pattern II animals, and when the latter were mated inter se, the resultant F2 generation showed approximately a ratio of 1:2:1 for patterns I, II and III, respectively. When F1 animals from pattern I with pattern III crosses were mated back to animals of either parental type, the resultant ratio was found to be one pattern II: one pattern I or pattern III.
Plasma and Erythrocyte Folate in Iron Deficiency and Folate Deficiency
Authors: OMER A. , FINLAYSON N. D. C. , SHEARMAN D. J. C. , SAMSON R. R. , GIRDWOOD R. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocyte and plasma folate levels were studied before treatment in 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia and in 23 patients with megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. Fourteen of the cases of iron deficiency anemia were also studied after treatment with oral iron alone. Fifty-seven normal persons were used as controls.
The mean erythrocyte folate (ng./ml. packed cells) was significantly increased in iron deficiency anemia and significantly depressed in folate deficiency anemia. After treatment with oral iron alone, the mean erythrocyte folate level fell to normal in the iron deficiency anemia group. The mean corpuscular folate (ng. x 108-8) was also significantly raised in iron deficiency: in eight of 10 cases this fell after treatment, but the overall fall was not significant. The plasma folate rose in iron deficiency anemia after oral iron treatment.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Evidence for Monoclonal Origin of Abnormal Red Cells
Authors: ONI S. B. , OSUNKOYA B. O. , LUZZATTO L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) was diagnosed in a 26-year-old Nigerian woman who subsequently died of amebic colitis. The patient’s red cells exhibited mosaicism with respect to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in that some of them had the A, and some of them had the B variant of this enzyme (as expected in female subjects heterozygous at this sex-linked locus). The red cells bearing the PNH abnormality only had the B variant, suggesting that they all belonged to a single abnormal clone.
Platelet Cold Agglutinins
Authors: WATKINS STANLEY P. , SHULMAN N. RAPHAEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A "cold" platelet agglutinin is described which is present in plasma and serum, is greater than 100,000 in molecular weight, appears to be a protein of the immunoglobulin type, is adsorbed by platelets in the absence of bivalent cations, and reacts only at temperatures below 34°C. It agglutinates homologous and autologous platelets but appears to have no effect on in vivo platelet function. It is seen in patients with systemic disease and can cause spuriously low platelet counts.
A Note on the Relationship Between Bone Marrow Lymphocytosis and Remission Duration in Acute Leukemia
Authors: BRESLOW NORMAN , ZANDSTRA RICHARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a sample of 148 children with acute leukemia a positive correlation was found between the duration of remission and the highest percentage bone marrow lymphocyte count observed during remission; a negative correlation was found between remission duration and the average lymphocyte count. The first finding is probably a statistical artifact, while the second supports the view that bone marrow lymphocytosis occurring repeatedly during remission may be a poor prognostic sign.
Leukocyte Antigen-Antibody Reaction and Lysis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Erythrocytes
Authors: SIRCHIA GIROLAMO , FERRONE SOLDANO , MERCURIALI FRANCESCO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The interaction between leukocyte antigens and specific antibodies can cause lysis of the red cells of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in vitro. It is suggested that the activation of complement ensuing from the antigen-antibody interaction is responsible for PNH cell lysis. The clinical implications of this finding are briefly outlined.
Brief Report: Philadelphia Chromosome in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: PROPP SIMON , LIZZI FRANK A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is recognized that the Ph1 chromosome anomaly is characteristic of chronic granulocytic leukemia. It has been shown however, to occur rarely in other myeloproliferative diseases. We have reported a 53-year-old roentgenologist with acute lymphocytic leukemia who showed a high percentage of Ph1 chromosomes in his marrow cells. The possible role of radiation exposure in the production of the abnormal chromosome in this patient is discussed. The data presented is evidence against the specificity of the Ph1 chromosome for myeloproliferative disorders.
Naturally Occurring Human Antibodies to Pepsin-digested IgA
Authors: WILSON I. D. , SOLTIS R. D. , WILLIAMS R. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human serum antibodies which react only with antigenic determinants revealed by digestion of IgA with pepsin were found in 29.2 per cent of the sera from 369 hospitalized patients studied. These antibodies were shown to be specific for sites on the F(ab')2a fragment of IgA and were dependent upon intact disulfide bonds for antigenicity. Considerable variability in reactivity with different pepsin-digested IgA proteins was found in individual sera but no relationship to either IgA subgroups or genetically determined IgA antigens was discerned. The presence of these anti-IgA antibodies was not found to be related to specific disease processes or to alterations in serum immunoglobulin concentrations.
A Neonate with Down’s Syndrome and Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis: Serial Blood and Bone Marrow Studies
Authors: NAGAO TAKESHI , LAMPKIN BEATRICE C. , HUG GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations were made of the blood and bone marrow of a male infant with Down’s syndrome during the first year of life. At 4 days of age there were 36,500 myeloblasts/cu.mm. in the blood and 10.8 per cent myeloblasts in the marrow. Initially it appeared the patient had acute myeloblastic leukemia. However, the clinical course and kinetic and electron microscopic studies of his bone marrow cell population indicate he did not have acute leukemia.
Brief Report: Microcytic Anemia with Erythroblastosis in Offspring of Magnesium-deprived Rats
Authors: COHLAN SIDNEY Q. , JANSEN VALERIE , DANCIS JOSEPH , PIOMELLI SERGIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Magnesium deprivation of pregnant rats produces in their offspring depression of intrauterine growth and severe anemia. The anemia is characterized by microcytosis, red cell fragmentation, increase in number of normoblasts and markedly decreased osmotic fragility.
Observations on Regulation of Erythropoiesis During Prolonged Periods of Hypoxia
Authors: FRIED W. , JOHNSON C. , HELLER P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experiments reported in this paper were designed to explain the phenomenon that plasma erythropoietin (Ep) levels reach peak titers after 8 hours of hypoxia and then fall to barely detectable levels after 72 hours. No single factor was found responsible for the decline of these levels with continued hypoxia, but both increase in the rate of erythropoiesis and increase in the hematocrit contribute to this phenomenon. No decrease in the rate of clearance of injected erythropoietin was observed in hypoxic rats, therefore, it is likely that the production of Ep decreased.
The fall in the plasma Ep level with continued hypoxia is not associated with decrease in the rate of erythropoiesis, suggesting that the initiation of increased erythropoiesis requires higher Ep levels than its maintenance during continued hypoxia. The reason for this difference remains speculative.