bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Isolated Vascular Response to 5HT1A, 5HT1B1D & 5HT2A Receptors Agonist & Antagonist in Chronic Endotoxemic Rats
Authors: Moghaddam Razieh Afshar , Jazaeri Farahnaz , Abdollahi Alireza , Mohammadjafari Razieh , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Bakhtiarian Azam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe main vascular feature in endotoxemia is impaired contractile responses to vasoactive agents. We study the aortic response to 5HT11 A, 5HT1B1D and 5HT2A receptors agonist and antagonist in chronic endotoxemic rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide for 5 days induced chronic endotoxemia. Control rats received intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg saline for 5 days. Rats divided into 3 groups. In first, DOI2 hydrochloride used as an agonist and sarpogrelate hydrochloride as an antagonist of 5HT2A receptor. In second, (R)-(+)-8-OH-DPAT3 and WAY1001354 used as an agonist and antagonist of 5HT1A receptor respectively. In third, Zolmitriptan used as an agonist and GR127935 hydrochloride as an antagonist of 5HT1B1D receptor. Aorta Isolated for organ bath study. Real time-PCR5 and histopathological study examined receptors gene expression and protein localization. Cumulative 8-OH-DPAT caused relaxation in control aorta (EC506 7.79±21.35 and 8.53±10.74 with and without antagonist), which was enhanced in endotoxemia (EC50 6.35±8.48 and very wide±17.38 with and without antagonist). Cumulative zolmitriptan caused relaxation in control aorta (EC50 very wide±8.65 and 8.38±8.44 with and without antagonist), which was enhanced in endotoxemia (EC50 very wide±9.53 and 8.37±13.49 with and without antagonist). DOI hydrochloride contracted the control aorta (EC50 6.51±7.14 and 5.98±1.65 with and without antagonist), which was converted to relaxation in endotoxemic group (EC50 infinity±80.43 and 7.37±20.28 with and without antagonist). PCR studies revealed enhanced 5HT1A receptor and diminished 5HT1B1D and 5HT2A receptor genes expression, while histopathological studies showed inflamed, damaged endothelium in endotoxemic aorta. Our data supports enhanced vasodilation and impaired vasoconstriction during endotoxemia.
Stellenwert der Sialendoskopie an deutschen HNO-Kliniken im
Jahr 2016
Authors: Kroll Tobias , Schwarz David , Stürmer Konrad , Sharma Shachi Jenny , Klußmann Jens Peter , Wittekindt Claus , Wolf Gregor 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine Umfrage aus dem Jahr 2009 zeigte, dass lediglich etwa 24
% aller deutschen HNO-Kliniken die Sialendoskopie anboten. Durch die
Wiederholung der Untersuchung im Jahr 2016 sollte die Entwicklung der
Sialendoskopie an deutschen HNO-Kliniken reevaluiert werden.
Material und Methoden Erneut wurde ein selbstentwickelter Fragebogen mit
elf Fragen an alle deutschen HNO-Kliniken verschickt. Der gleiche Fragebogen
wurde bereits im Jahr 2009 verwendet. Die aktuellen Umfrageergebnisse wurden mit
den Ergebnissen von damals verglichen und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Zahl der sialendoskopierenden HNO-Kliniken konnte sich mehr
als verdoppeln. Die Anzahl der Interventionen verdreifachte sich. Die Gründe
dafür, dass eine Klinik keine Sialendoskopien durchführte, waren verschieden.
Ein Hauptargument war ein Mangel an Patienten. Kaum Veränderungen ergaben sich
bei ambulanten und stationären Therapien und der Eingriffsdauer. Die Sonografie
wird unverändert von allen Kliniken präoperativ durchgeführt.
Schlussfolgerung Auffallend ist, dass bei zunehmender Anzahl an Kliniken,
die die Sialendoskopie anbieten und steigenden Fallzahlen, ein Teil der Kliniken
einen Patientenmangel angibt. Dies könnte für die Etablierung von
spezialisierten Zentren sprechen. Inzwischen werden neben der obstruktiven
Sialadenitis weitere Krankheitsbilder durch die Sialendoskopie therapiert. Die
Sonografie bleibt die präoperative Diagnostik der Wahl. Die Auswertung zeigt,
dass die Sialendoskopie in den vergangenen sieben Jahren eine steigende
Akzeptanz an deutschen HNO-Kliniken erfahren hat.
Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Childhood: A Challenge Related to the Increasing Survival of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants
Authors: Schoenardie Bruna Ossanai , Guimarães Victória Bernardes , Procianoy Renato Soibelmann , Silveira Rita C. 
Published: December 2018

Objective To verify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and to identify possible early predictors of SAH at ages 2 and 4 years in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Study Design This is a prospective cohort study including inborn children with birth weight (BW) <1,500 g. Arterial blood pressure measurements were performed at 2 and 4 years. Model 1 compared children with and those without SAH at age 4. Model 2 compared children who had SAH at ages 2 and 4 with the others. SAH was diagnosed if the systolic or/and diastolic pressures were above the 95th percentile.
Results A total of 198 patients were included during the 5-year study period, of whom 56% had SAH at age 4. In model 1, white matter injury (WMI) and catch-up growth at age 2 were predictors of SAH at age 4. In model 2, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, WMI, catch-up growth at age 2, and BW were predictors of SAH at 2 and 4 years. SAH at age 2 was an independent risk factor for SAH at age 4. After a multivariate analysis of model 2, BW and catch-up growth were associated with SAH.
Conclusion Prevalence of SAH was high in VLBW infants; it was associated with low BW and catch-up growth at age 2.
Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Interacting Protein (NOSIP) is Decreased in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Nakamura Hiroki , Zimmer Julia , Friedmacher Florian , Puri Prem 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). PPH is characterized by increased vascular resistance and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, leading to obstructive changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Nitric oxide (NO), generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is an important regulator of vascular tone and plays a key role in pulmonary vasodilatation. NO synthase interacting protein (NOSIP), which is strongly expressed by pulmonary SMCs, has recently been identified to reduce the endogenous NO production by interacting with eNOS. We designed this study to investigate the pulmonary vascular expression of NOSIP in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.
Materials and Methods Time-mated Sprague Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and lung specimens divided into CDH and control (n = 6 for each group). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to analyze pulmonary gene and protein expression of NOSIP. Immunofluorescence double staining for NOSIP was combined with a specific SMC marker to evaluate protein expression in the pulmonary vasculature.
Results Relative messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of NOSIP was significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed CDH lungs compared with controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed markedly diminished NOSIP immunofluorescence in nitrofen-exposed CDH lungs compared with controls, mainly in the muscular and endothelial components of the pulmonary vasculature.
Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time decreased NOSIP expression in the pulmonary vasculature of the nitrofen-induced CDH. These findings suggest that NOSIP underexpression may interfere with NO production, contributing to abnormal vascular remodeling and PPH.
Bacterial Profile of Middle Ear Fluid with Recurrent Acute Otitis Media Infection Using Culture Independent 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Girdhar Anurag , Chinnappa Jagdish , Ganaie Feroze , Govindan Vandana , Ravikumar Kadahalli , Nagaraj Geetha 
Published: December 2018

Background Recurrent otitis media is one of the common infections of childhood. The causative bacterial pathogen is one of the major risk factors of recurrent infection. With limited availability of Indian data, we performed this study to identify the bacterial pathogens.
Materials and Methods Otitis media cases were diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Thirty-six middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected by tympanocentesis and cultured for pathogens. Seventy-eight per cent of the cases had three previous episodes of otitis media in the past 6 months; the remaining 22% had four episodes in the preceding 6 months. At the time of sample collection, all patients were on antibiotic coverage. Genomic DNA was extracted from MEF samples using Qiagen DNA mini Kit. The 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative multiplex (qmPCR) for Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed on these samples. Streptococcus pneumoniae–positive samples were serotyped using PCRSeqTyping.
Results None of the 36 samples showed growth by conventional culture. The 16s rDNA PCR identified bacterial pathogens in 33 samples. Four samples gave mixed reads. The organisms identified were Neisseria spp. other than Neisseria meningitidis (n = 7), N. meningitidis (n = 8), Lactococcus spp. (n = 5), S. pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1), Salmonella infantis (n = 1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), Staphylococcus auricularis (n = 1), and Streptococcus sp. (n = 1). The qmPCR detected the presence of S. pneumoniae in six samples. PCRSeqTyping was able to identify Serotype 19A in two samples positive for S. pneumoniae.

Conclusion The study demonstrates the usefulness of 16s rDNA PCR protocol to identify the bacterial pathogens in MEF by a culture-independent method. Neisseria spp. were the predominant species identified followed by Lactococcus spp. and S. pneumoniae. Detection of pneumococci by 16s rDNA PCR correlated well with qmPCR-based detection and PCRSeqTyping.
Ubiquitin-dependent switch during assembly of the proteasomal ATPases mediated by Not4 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Fu Xinyi , Sokolova Vladyslava , Webb Kristofor J. , Old William , Park Soyeon 
Published: December 2018

Significance
In the proteasome, an essential protease of eukaryotes, the hexameric ATPases (Rpt1-Rpt6) inject ubiquitinated proteins into the proteolytic core particle. Individual Rpt proteins assemble into the hexameric Rpt ring through binding to specific chaperones: Nas2, Hsm3, Rpn14, and Nas6. Here, we show that Rpt ring assembly uses a ubiquitination-mediated control. Not4 ubiquitinates Rpt5 by competing against Nas2 first and then Hsm3 throughout Rpt ring assembly. Thus, Not4 selectively recognizes a Rpt ring that matures without these chaperones. Rpt5 ubiquitination blocks recruitment of Rpn1 ubiquitin receptor and Ubp6 deubiquitinase, halting proteasome assembly and its recognition of ubiquitinated substrates. Our findings reveal an assembly checkpoint where Not4 monitors chaperone actions during hexameric ATPase ring assembly, ensuring the accuracy of proteasome holoenzyme maturation.
Mitotic antipairing of homologous and sex chromosomes via spatial restriction of two haploid sets
Authors: Hua Lisa L. , Mikawa Takashi 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Mitotic recombination must be prevented to maintain genetic stability across daughter cells, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We report that mammalian cells impede homologous chromosome pairing during mitosis by keeping the two haploid chromosome sets apart, positioning them to either side of a meridional plane defined by the centrosomes. Chromosome oscillation analysis revealed collective genome behavior of noninteracting chromosome sets. Male translocation mice with a maternal-derived supernumerary chromosome display the tracer chromosome exclusively to the haploid set containing the X chromosome. This haploid set-based antipairing motif is shared by multiple cell types, is doubled in tetraploid cells, and is lost in carcinoma cells. The data provide a model of nuclear polarity through the antipairing of homologous chromosomes during mitosis.
Electrostatic effects, band distortions, and superconductivity in twisted graphene bilayers
Authors: Guinea Francisco , Walet Niels R. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
For small twist angles, bilayer graphene forms long-wavelength Moiré patterns. For specific, so-called magic, angles of the order of 1 degree, very narrow bands have been seen that lead to superconductivity. The underlying mechanisms have since been discussed in a variety of theoretical approaches. We show that the modulation of the charge density significantly modifies the electronic structure. These changes can make an important contribution to superconductivity through electron-assisted hopping.
Human cytomegalovirus US21 protein is a viroporin that modulates calcium homeostasis and protects cells against apoptosis
Authors: Luganini Anna , Di Nardo Giovanna , Munaron Luca , Gilardi Gianfranco , Fiorio Pla Alessandra , Gribaudo Giorgio 
Published: December 2018

Significance
During coevolution with its host, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has invested a large part of its protein coding potential to ensure the dysregulation of the majority of cellular homeostatic circuits. Defining the role of these HCMV proteins is important to understand viral pathogenesis and to design new antiviral strategies able to exploit their functions. Here, we report on the functional characterization of the protein encoded by the US21 gene, the founding member of the HCMV US12 gene family. The pUS21 acts as a calcium-permeable multitransmembrane channel able to reduce the calcium content of intracellular stores; pUS21-mediated tampering with intracellular calcium homeostasis, in turn, decreases the cells’ susceptibility to apoptosis, thus contributing to the overall HCMV protein toolbox evolved to blunt apoptosis in infected cells.
Gene expression models based on transcription factor binding events confer insight into functional cis-regulatory variants
Authors: Shi Wenqiang , Fornes Oriol , Wasserman Wyeth W 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Deciphering the functional roles of cis-regulatory variants is a critical challenge in genome analysis and interpretation. It has been hypothesized that altered transcription factor (TF) binding events are a central mechanism by which cis-regulatory variants impact gene expression levels. However, we lack a computational framework to understand and quantify such mechanistic contributions.

Results
We present TF2Exp, a gene-based framework to predict the impact of altered TF-binding events on gene expression levels. Using data from lymphoblastoid cell lines, TF2Exp models were applied successfully to predict the expression levels of 3196 genes. Alterations within DNase I hypersensitive, CTCF-bound and tissue-specific TF-bound regions were the greatest contributing features to the models. TF2Exp models performed as well as models based on common variants, both in cross-validation and external validation. Combining TF alteration and common variant features can further improve model performance. Unlike variant-based models, TF2Exp models have the unique advantage to evaluate the functional impact of variants in linkage disequilibrium and uncommon variants. We find that adding TF-binding events altered only by uncommon variants could increase the number of predictable genes (R2 &gt; 0.05). Taken together, TF2Exp represents a key step towards interpreting the functional roles of cis-regulatory variants in the human genome.

Availability and implementation
The code and model training results are publicly available at https://github.com/wqshi/TF2Exp.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Menthol Cigarettes, Tobacco Dependence, and Smoking Persistence: The Need to Examine Enhanced Cognitive Functioning as a Neuropsychological Mechanism
Authors: Jao Nancy C , Tan Marcia M , Matthews Phoenix A , Simon Melissa A , Schnoll Robert , Hitsman Brian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite the overall decline in the prevalence of cigarette use in the United States, menthol cigarette use among smokers is rising, and evidence shows that it may lead to more detrimental effects on public health than regular cigarette use. One of the mechanisms by which nicotine sustains tobacco use and dependence is due to its cognitive enhancing properties, and basic science literature suggests that menthol may also enhance nicotine’s acute effect on cognition.Aims and MethodsThe purpose of this review is to suggest that the cognitive enhancing effects of menthol may be a potentially important neuropsychological mechanism that has yet to be examined. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of basic science studies examining neurobiological and cognitive effects of menthol and menthol cigarette smoking. We also review studies examining menthol essential oils among humans that indicate menthol alone has acute cognitive enhancing properties. Finally, we present factors influencing the rising prevalence of menthol cigarette use among smokers and the importance of this gap in the literature to improve public health and smoking cessation treatment.ConclusionsDespite the compelling evidence for menthol’s acute cognitive enhancing and reinforcing effects, this mechanism for sustaining tobacco dependence and cigarette use has yet to be examined and validated among humans. On the basis of the basic science evidence for menthol’s neurobiological effects on nicotinic receptors and neurotransmitters, perhaps clarifying menthol’s effect on cognitive performance can help to elucidate the complicated literature examining menthol and tobacco dependence.ImplicationsMenthol cigarette use has continued to be a topic of debate among researchers and policy makers, because of its implications for understanding menthol’s contribution to nicotine dependence and smoking persistence, as well as its continued use as a prevalent flavoring in tobacco and nicotine products in the United States and internationally. As international tobacco regulation policies have begun to target menthol cigarettes, research studies need to examine how flavoring additives, specifically menthol, may acutely influence neurobiological and cognitive functioning as a potential mechanism of sustained smoking behavior to develop more effective treatments.
Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Patients With Advanced Immunosuppression and Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia
Authors: Hlupeni Admire , Nakouzi Antonio , Wang Tao , Boyd Kathryn F , Makadzange Tariro A , Ndhlovu Chiratidzo E , Pirofski Liise-anne 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
There are no host biomarkers of risk for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) except CD4+ T-cell deficiency. At present, serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening of those with CD4 &lt;100 cells/µL is used to identify persons at risk for HIV-associated CM. We determined if plasma antibody profiles could discriminate CrAg+ from CrAg- patients.

Methods
We performed serological analyses of 237 HIV-infected asymptomatic Zimbabwean patients with CD4 &lt;100 cells/µL; 125 CrAg- and CrAg+ but cerebrospinal fluid CrAg- by CrAg lateral flow assay. We measured plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1, and IgG2 concentrations by Luminex, and titers of Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) polysaccharide and naturally occurring Laminarin (natural Lam, a β-(1–3)-glucan linked polysaccharide)-binding IgM and IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
GXM-IgG, -IgM, and -IgG2 levels were significantly higher in CrAg+ patients, whereas natural Lam-IgM and Lam-IgG were higher in CrAg- patients before and after adjustment for age, sex, and CD4 T-cell count, despite overlap of values. To address this variability and better discriminate the groups, we used Akaike Information Criteria to select variables that independently predicted CrAg+ status and included them in a receiver operating characteristic curve to predict CrAg status. By inclusion of CD4, GXM-IgG, GXM-IgM, and Lam-IgG, -IgG2, and -IgM, this model had an 80.4% probability (95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.86) of predicting CrAg+ status.

Conclusions
Statistical models that include multiple serological variables may improve the identification of patients at risk for CM and inform new directions in research on the complex role that antibodies may play in resistance and susceptibility to CM.
AKARI NEP field: Point source catalogs from GALEX and Herschel observations and selection of candidate lensed sub-millimeter galaxies
Authors: Burgarella Denis , Mazyed Firas , Oi Nagisa , Goto Tomotsugu , Buat Veronique , Malkan Matt , Lee Hyung Mok , Matsuhara Hideo , Pearson Chris , Serjeant Stephen , White Glenn J , Barrufet de Soto Laia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The AKARI Wide North Ecliptic field is one of the most important cosmological fields because it lies in the continuous viewing zones for many space telescopes, e.g., Herschel, HST, and JWST, and it is also a natural high-visibility field from the L2 halo orbit. The field will be also the location of the deep survey for the Euclid mission. Finally, AKARI has made deep mid-IR observations using its nine continuous band filters in the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field. We analyzed GALEX and Herschel observations in the NEP field to build catalogs in seven bands: GALEX far UV and near UV, Herschel PACS 100 μm and 250 μm, and SPIRE 250 μm, 350 μm, and 500 μm with quality checks. The SPIRE catalogs are used to identify 61 (6 in a main list and 55 in a supplementary list) candidate lensed galaxies through red 350 μm to 500 μm colors. For the brightest of these candidates with 500 μm flux densities &gt;100 mJy, follow-up observations in millimeter wavelengths have been carried out with the NOEMA interferometer. The high quality of these observations has allowed us to study and compare their morphology beyond that possible using Herschel data alone. We find that the majority of them appear as multiple objects. The redshift distribution of the sources in the main list is found to be in the range 1.5 &lt; $z$ &lt; 2.3. Their IR luminosities confirm that these sources are very likely strongly lensed galaxies.
Neutrophils in lupus nephritis
Authors: Nishi Hiroshi , Mayadas Tanya N. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by IgG-autoantibodies to nuclear antigens that can deposit in the kidney and trigger lupus nephritis. Neutrophils accumulate in the kidneys of patients with proliferative LUPUS NEPHRITIS and neutrophil products and a subset of granulocytes, called low-density granulocytes (LDG) may contribute to lupus nephritis pathogenesis. Here, we will discuss recent studies implicating neutrophils in the pathogenesis of human SLE nephritis and then examine studies that provide mechanistic insights into how these cells are recruited to the glomerulus following immune complex deposition and how their products may promote lupus nephritis.

Recent findings
SLE patients display unique blood transcriptional signatures linked to Type I interferon and myeloblast differentiation, which could help stratify lupus nephritis progression. Multiphoton intravital microscopy of kidney glomerular capillaries revealed a role for neutrophil FcγRs in the rapid capture of neutrophils following immune complex deposition. The view that reduced degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS) contributes to lupus nephritis progression, is now challenged by experimental data in lupus-prone mice that genetically fail to produce NETS but still are afflicted.

Summary
A greater understanding of the neutrophil dependent mechanisms that promote lupus nephritis may potentially inform on newer therapeutic options that target neutrophil accumulation and reactivity in the nephritic kidney.