bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Efficacy of Bacillus Clausii Probiotic in the Management of Acute Diarrhoea in Children
Authors: Hamid Farzana , Quaium Syed Moosa MA , Rahman Azizur , Hussain Tania , Islam Tahi MD Tahmid 
Published: July 2019

Background: Diarrhoea is the second most common cause of under five mortality especially in developing world. Very few studies have been conducted so far on bacillus clausii probiotic with inconsistent result. So, the aim of the present study is to determine the clinical efficacy of Bacillus Clausii probiotic formulation as adjunct treatment of acute diarrhoea.
Materials and methods: This prospective single blind randomized controlled trial included 310 infants and children between 6 months to 6 years of age admitted in a tertiary care hospital Sylhet, Bangladesh with acute watery diarrhoea having varied dehydration status ranging from no to severe dehydration excluding shocked state. Cases were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (n=150) comprised of children who were treated with standard treatment (According to WHO guideline) only as control group and Group B who received standard treatment plus Bacillus Clausii as probiotic. Clinical responses were evaluated in terms of improvement of outcome variables such as duration and frequency of diarrhoea and duration of hospital stay.
Results: Mean duration of diarrhoea was 3.3(±1.1) days in Group A and 3.2(±1.3) days in Group B which was not statistically significant. Frequency of diarrhoea decreased significantly at day 4 of treatment in both study groups showing no statistical difference. Mean duration of hospital stay in both groups was 3.8 days showing no significance.
Conclusion: Bacillus Clausii is ineffective in reducing the duration, frequency of diarrhoea and duration of hospital stay.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 14-17
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Among Rural and Urban Normal School Children in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Zafarullah AKM , Alam Md Badrul , Ahmed Moinuddin , Das Ashutosh , Alam Md Shah 
Published: July 2019

Background: Asthma remain the most common chronic inflammatory lung disease in childhood. Asthma management needs lung function assessment. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is one of the lung function test. PEFR has been used as measure of ventilatory capacity for long mainly because of a simple, less tiring procedure than other lung function test. It is easy to use, inexpensive, portable, reliable can be used by patients, parents, home & clinic. There is no national nomogram on PEFR in Bangladesh. We always use the nomogram of other countries for diagnosis, management of Asthma. This study was taken to establish what is the normal pattern of PEFR in Bangladeshi children of rural and urban area and to construct nomogram of PEFR in healthy Bangladeshi children.
Materials and methods : It is a cross sectional study conducted in different 6 schools (Urban & rural) in Chattogram District of both sexes (5-15 yrs old) in equal proportion of child. Study period was from April 2009 to November 2009 under supervision of Pediatrics Department of Chattogram Medical College. Sample was selected by non-probability technique. Data were collected by pretested questionnaire including exclusion criteria.
Results: A total of 1424 healthy school children (Age 5-15 yrs) of equal sexes of both rural and urban school were included during study. The best of three PEFR of boys ranged from 90 to 750 I/min (Mean 291 I/min, SD 143) and in case of girls ranged from 80 to 540 (L/min (mean 236 L/min, SD 94.38). The positive correlation of PEFR with various anthrometric parameters specially height and observed difference with boys and girls. The most significant correlation was observed PEFR with height and also found different value of PEFR between rural and urban children.
Conclusion : This study concluded that there is significant difference of PEFR between Bangladeshi boys and girls (5-15 yrs). Height is the best predictor of PEFR value than any other anthrometric parameters PEFR value of Bangladeshi Girls is lower than that of Boys and significant difference between PEFR values among urban & rural Bangladeshi children.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 18-22
Study on Etiology and Maternal Complications of Intrauterine Fetal Death
Authors: Malik Adiba , Begum Tahera , Noor Serajun 
Published: July 2019

Background : Management of pregnancy with good fetal and maternal outcome is a challenge to the obstetrician which can be achieved by screening the risk factors of Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD) and thereby prevent, control and treat them by quality preconceptional and antenatal care.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study, done in a tertiary care hospital during a period of two years where 100 pregnant women with history of intrauterine fetal death were included after informed written consent. Intrauterine fetal death was confirmed by Ultrasonogram. Different risk factors and maternal complications were observed. Then data was analyzed with the help of SPSS-20.
Results: Among 100 women, maximum patients were aggregated between age group 26-35 years (45%) and next to which was 16-25 years (35%) primipara was 32% and multipara was 31%. Regarding Antenatal care (ANC) 32% patients attended two antenatal visits and 28 % patients had no antenatal visits and 18% patients completed > 5 visits. Regarding causes of IUFD, 34% due to hypertension in pregnancy, 14% mother was severely anemic, 13% mother had Diabetes Mellitus (DM) abruptio placenta was found in 15% mother, maternal gastroenteritis 05%, maternal fever 09%, cord accident 3% and in 19% cases no causes were identified. Regarding maternal complications, blood transfusion needed in 28% patients, PPH occurred in 12% patients, Sepsis 08%, caesarean section needed in 07 % cases, ARF 4%, DIC in 03% cases and maternal mortality 01%. Mean ± SD of total hospital stay was 4 ± 1.5 days.
Conclusion: There are different risk factors of IUFD which if identified earlier,then by treating the correctable etiologies, recurrence of IUFD and its related maternal complications can be prevented or reduced.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 23-26
Development and Optimization of Acyclovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Microspheres by Box – Behnken Design
Authors: Karmoker James Regun , Hasan Ikramul , Ahmed Nusrat , Saifuddin Mohammad , Reza Md Selim 
Published: July 2019

The grail of the study was to design, develop and characterize sustained release mucoadhesive microspheres of acyclovir and to optimize the drug release profile using response surface methodology by applying Box–Behnken design (BBD) which was equipped with three levels and three factors. Microspheres were prepared from Methocel K15M and Ethocel Standard 45 Premium using the emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The independent factors were the amounts of Methocel K15M (X1), amount of Ethocel Standard 45 Premium (X2), and RPM (X3). The dependent variables were cumulative percentage drug release (CDR) at 8 hour (Y1), bond strength (Y2), and swelling at 4 hour (Y3). To understand the effects of different factor level combinations on the responses, various response surface graphs and contour plots were prepared. Predicted values and experimental values for optimized formulation (X1 = 600 mg, X2 = 500 mg, and X3 = 336.57) was found to be in close agreement.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 1-2, 2019 (June)
Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potentials of Axis Sea Bamboo (Isis hippuris)
Authors: Sayuti Mohammad , Putri Widya Dwi Rukmi , Yunianta - 
Published: July 2019

Secondary metabolites of the axis section (modulla skeleton) of sea bamboo (Isis hippuris) were identified by GC-MS. The dominant compounds using GC-MS in the ethanol fraction were hexanedioic acid (11.85%), acetamide (9.46%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.22%) and thiosulfuric acid (7.22%). On the other side, the dominant compounds of the test results in the ethyl acetate fraction were 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] heptanes (28.27%), 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acid (14.77%), cis-8-(N-pyrrolidyl)-(2,2,5,5-tetradeutero)bicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-diene (9.98%), hexahydropyridine (7,86%). The dominant compounds of the n-hexane fraction were hexanedioic acid (41.99%), azetidine with a peak number of 40 (9.98%), 1-octadecene (8,36%). Antioxidant activities were also evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay. The ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed total flavonoid contents of 7.86% ± 0.12, 12.97% ± 0.36, 1.88% ± 0.26, respectively and the IC50 in the antioxidant assay were 480.25±74,74, 469.50±19,13, 3221.07±138,69 respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 13-20, 2019 (June)
In vitro Pharmaceutical Equivalence Study of Three Brands of Atenolol Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Rehana , Sultan Md Zakir , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Amran Md Shah 
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present work was to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of three brands of atenolol (50 mg) tablets available in Bangladesh using in vitro dissolution study. The dissolution study was carried out using the paddle apparatus according to the guidelines of United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). The dissolution profiles of three locally manufactured atenolol tablets were determined and compared with the dissolution profile of atenolol tablet from innovator’s company. All samples attained more than 85% dissolution within 10 minutes. Mean dissolution values were employed to estimate difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). Difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) were used to assess in vitro bio-equivalency among the three brands. Other general quality assessment parameters such as hardness, friability and disintegration time were also determined. All brands complied with the official specifications for hardness, friability and disintegration time. The study indicated that all brands can be prescribed interchangeably.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 43-48, 2019 (June)
Phytochemical Evaluation of Extracts and GC-MS analysis of oil from Monodora myristica Seed
Authors: Obonga Wilfred O , Omeje Edwin O , Nnadi Charles O , Ocheme Wilson G 
Published: July 2019

Monodora myristica is one of the plants used extensively in folkloric medicine across West Africa. Despite the ethnopharmacological relevance of the plant, the phytochemical details, especially of the oil-rich seed, have not been completely elucidated. This study was designed to ascertain the phytochemical constituents of extracts of M. myristica seed oil and characterize the oil constituent using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The phytochemical screening was done using standard methods and the oil was characterized by GC-MS analysis. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenoids, sterols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside in variable quantities. The GC-MS analysis revealed huge presence of fatty acids, terpenoids and other related compounds. The major compounds found in the oil of the seeds were o-cymene (2), γ-terpinene (3), nopinane (4), limonene (5), carvotanacetone (6), β-pinene (7), aromadendrene (9), germacrene (11), α-amorphene (13) and copaene (14). The rich phytoconstituents present in the seed oil could be the basis of its acclaimed ethnomedicinal uses across West Africa and beyond.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 69-73, 2019 (June)
Syntheses, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of a Series of 2-Phenylamino-5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Kumar S , Srivastava PK 
Published: July 2019

Electrochemical synthesis of 2-phenylamino-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been carried out in good yields at platinum electrode through the electrochemical oxidation of acyl thiosemicarbazide at room temperature in acetic acid. Two platinum electrodes in the form of square plates were used as working as well as counter electrode and saturated calomel electrode was used as reference electrode. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was also assessed and compared with data against a series of Gram-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Gramnegative bacteria Streptococcus aureus and Bascillus subtilis. The antifungal activity was assessed against the fungal strain Aspergillus niger, Crysosporium pannical, Pellicularia solmanicolor and Candida albicans and compared against the standard antifungal drug Griesvofulvin.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 75-83, 2019 (June)
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEGAGALAN INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI PADA IBU POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RUMAH SAKIT TENTARA BINJAI TAHUN 2018
Authors: Ginting Enni Prina , Zuska Fikarwin , Simanjorang Asyiah 
Published: July 2019

Masih tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi membuat pemerintah berusaha keras untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Salah satunya yaitu pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini. Namun kenyataannya banyak ibu menolak untuk melakukannya. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Binjai Tahun 2015, cakupan IMD Kota Binjai hanya 11% dari yang ditargetkan sebesar 80%. Data yang diperoleh dari RS Tentara Binjai Tahun 2015 cakupan IMD 1,28%, tahun 2016 cakupan IMD 0,98%, dan tahun 2017 sebesar 0,92% dari yang ditargetkan 80%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis sebab-sebab kegagalan Inisiasi Menyusui Dini pada ibu post sectio caesaria di Rumah Sakit Tentara Binjai tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan 3 informan ibu, 3 informan suami, dan 3 informan bidan perujuk dan bidan penanggung jawab yang bertugas di ruang rawat inap sebagai pemberi asuhan persalinan serta dilakukan triangulasi data untuk menjaga validitas data. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan pengamatan ditemukan kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang pentingnya pelaksanaan IMD disebabkan karena kurangnya informasi yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan, dukungan suami, serta motivasi, baik dari bidan perujuk pada saat kunjungan kunjungan ANC maupun peran dari bidan yang bertugas di rumah sakit yang seharusnya memfasilitasi ibu melakukan IMD. Maraknya promosi susu formula di media massa, teman, penawaran langsung ke ibu, menyebabkan timbulnya pola fikir ibu yang beranggapan susu formula sama baiknya dengan ASI. Diharapkan agar Rumah Sakit Tentara Binjai yang merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh sebagai tempat rujukan agar melakukan sosialisasi kebijakan dan mendukung program IMD antara lain mengupayakan standar prosedur operasional terkait pelaksanannya, pengawasan dan evaluasi menuju keberhasilan menyusui.
Pentingnya Komunikasi dalam Penafsiran Alkitab
Authors: Mantiri Lyly Grace 
Published: July 2019

This article will discuss a theological correlation between communication and biblical interpretation. After having established that coherence, it will show that the Reader-Response Criticism, one of the most attractive approach in Biblical interpretation among the postmodern scholars, is not only irrational but also dangerous to some degree even inapplicable and without spiritual value. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas hubungan teologis antara komunikasi dan penafsiran Alkitab. Setelah menemukan hubungan antara kedua hal tesebut, artikel ini akan menelaah secara khusus mengenai Kritik Respons-pembaca, salah satu pendekatan paling menarik dalam penafsiran Alkitab di antara para sarjana postmodern, Artikel ini akan memperlihatkan bahwa metode ini tidak hanya irasional tetapi juga berbahaya sampai taraf tertentu, bahkan tidak dapat diterap-kan dan tanpa nilai spiritual.
STATUS KARIES DAN KADAR FLUOR YANG DIKONSUMSI PENDUDUK USIA 12 – 14 TAHUN DI DESA WIAU LAPI BARAT
Authors: Leondra Agie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dental caries is microbiological disease on dental hard tissue which caused localized demineralization from inorganic structure and destruction of organic substantive part of dental. Fluor protects teeth from caries, by deliberating metabolism of plaque bacteria which could make carbohydrate fermentation through hydroxide-apatite transform into fluor-apatite which more stabilize and acid resistant. The aim of this research is to identify the rate of caries grade among adolescent aged 12 – 14 years and the amount of fluor proportion by consumed in the daily consumed West Wiau Lapi village. This research is descriptive cross-sectional research. Respondent amount is 59 and this research using total sampling method. The result of caries degree is calculated by DMF-T index and fluor analyzing using Spectrofotometer and the length of wave is 525 nm. This research concluded that the caries grade arrange in intermediate degree, and the fluor amount posture is very low. Keyword: caries grade, fluor amount Abstrak: Karies gigi adalah penyakit mikrobiologis struktur keras gigi yang menyebabkan demineralisasi terlokalisasi dari bagian inorganik dan kerusakan dari substansi organik yang berawal dari permukaan eksternal dari gigi. Fluor berfungsi melindungi gigi dari karies, dengan cara menghambat metabolisme bakteri plak yang dapat memfermentasi karbohidrat melalui perubahan hidroksi-apatit pada enamel menjadi flour-apatit yang lebih stabil dan lebih tahan terhadap pelarutan asam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran derajat karies anak-anak usia 12-14 tahun dan kadar fluor dalam air minum yang dikonsumsi di desa Wiau Lapi Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode total sampling dan mempunyai responden penelitian berjumlah 59 orang. Hasil perhitungan derajat karies dihitung dengan indeks DMF-T dan uji fluor digunakan alat spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 525 nm, dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa derajat karies di desa Wiau Lapi Barat dalam status menengah dan kandungan fluor sangat rendah. Kata kunci: status karies, kadar fluor
UJI EFEK ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA CENGKEH TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Andries Juvensius R. , Gunawan Paulina N. , Supit Aurelia 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Minyak cengkeh berguna sebagai antibakteri alami. Minyak esensial dari cengkeh mempunyai fungsi anestetik dan antimikrobial. Zat yang terkandung dalam cengkeh yang bernama eugenol dapat membunuh bakteri termasuk bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika, salah satunya adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Bakteri ini merupakan mikroorganisme penyebab utama terjadinya karies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan post test only control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan coba ekstrak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 40%, 60%, dan 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades dengan pengulangan sebanyak lima kali. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA dan post-hoc uji LSD ( = 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik penelitian uji efek antibakteri ekstrak cengkeh terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans secara in vitro, dapat disimpulkaan bahwa ekstrak cengkeh memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Hasil uji lanjut post-hoc uji LSD menunjukan daya hambat ekstrak cengkeh 40%, 60%, 80%, lebih kecil (p<0,05) dalam menghambat Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro dibandingkan Ciprofloxacin. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak cengkeh, Streptococcus mutans. Abstract: Clove oil is useful as a natural antibacterial agent, essential oil of clove has anesthetic and antimicrobial effect. Substances contained in clove called eugenol can kill bacteria including antibiotic resistant bacteria, one of which is the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. This bacteria is a major cause for caries. The purpose of this study was to mengetahui clove extrack antibacterial effects againts Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro. This study is an experimental study using a post test only control group design. This research try using clove extract with a concentration of 40%, 60%, and 80%, Ciprofloxacin, aquades repetition five times. Data collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). Based on the results of the statistical test to test the effects of anti-bacterial research clove extracts against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro, can disimpulkaan that clove extracts have antibacterial effects in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in vitro.further test result post-hoc LSD test shoved its inhibitory clove extract 40%, 60%, 80% smaller (p<0,05)in hibiting Streptococcus mutans in vitro compared Ciprofloxacin. Keywords: clove extract, Streptococcus mutans
EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI JAGUNG DI KECAMATAN REMBOKEN KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Mandei Juliana Ruth 
Published: July 2019

The study was conducted in order to determine the efficiency of maize farming techniques in District Remboken and analyze the determinants of the level of technical efficiency of maize farming in the district Remboken. Sampling was done by using the method of Sampling Cluster, specifically three farmers groups program participant Integrated Crop Management Field School (SLPTT) and three farmers group who are not participants SLPTT. The variables measured in this study is the production (kg / season), land planted with maize (ha), amount of labor used (HOK), Total Urea is used (kg), amount of fertilizer used Phonska (kg ), amount of seed used (kg) and the amount of pesticides used (ltr). The variables used to see the factors affecting technical efficiency is age measured in years farmers, farmer education levels measured by using dummy variables, and the number of dependents of farmers. To see the technical efficiency of maize farming using frontier production function and to analyze the factors affecting technical efficiency of farming corn used multiple regression analysis with OLS. The results showed that maize production was significantly affected by labor, seeds and herbicides, Most cultivated maize farming has been technically efficient farmers and the level of technical efficiency of farmers follow SLPTT lower than farmers who do not follow SLPTT. The number of dependents and education levels significantly affect the level of technical efficiency of maize farming in the district Remboken. Necessary to reformulate the model of Integrated Crop Management Field School is more effective to improve the ability of farmers to manage their farming.
PERANAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA
Authors: Pondaag Geraldo G. , Kapantow Gene H.M. , Sondak Lorraine W.Th. 
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to assess the role of the agricultural sector in Southeast Minahasa Regency. The role was measured by the contribution of the agricultural sector in GRDP and the position of the agricultural sector in the regency economy, whether as it was a base or non-base sector. This research was conducted in Southeast Minahasa Regency. The data used were collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics, both South Minahasa and North Sulawesi offices, Planning Board (Bappeda) of Southeast Minahasa, and the Agricultural Agency of Southeast Minahasa Regency. The data were analyzed by calculating the contribution of the agricultural sector, LQ and DLQ. The results showed that inspite of the drop in recent years, the agricultural sector remained had the largest contribution in GRDP of Southeast Minahasa Regency. Based on LQ analysis, it was shown that the agricultural sector was one of the four base sectors. Other base sectors were mining and quarrying, manufacturing, and construction sectors. Furthermore, from five sub-sectors within the agricultural sector, two of them were base sub sectors, namely food crops and plantation, while livestocks, forestry and fisheries were non-base sub-sectors. Based on DLQ analysis, the position of the agricultural sector in the future would remain as a base sector. There would be several sub-sectors in agriculture that had the potential to become base sub-sectors in the future, namely food crops, plantation, livestock and forestry, while fisheries sub-sector was predicated to remain as a non base sub-sector in the future.