bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free fibula flap for lower limb salvage after tumour resection
Authors: Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Yadav Prabha S. , Puri Ajay , Kasat Ashish , Dushyant Jaiswal , Raghu Ram Badari Narayan , Gulia Ashish 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Context: Post-tumour resection lower limb salvage. Aim/Introduction: Resection of tumours of the femur and tibia around the knee and ankle joints results in large bony defects. Often arthrodesis is an alternative; in case, adequate functional motors cannot be preserved or due to economic constraints. Thus, in an immunocompromised patient, the vascularised fibula is the best form of reconstruction. The vascularised fibular flap (pedicled/free) can be used in combination with an allograft. We refer to such a combination reconstruction as ‘allocombo’. The vascularised fibular graft hypertrophies in due course of time, and till that period, the allograft provides the required mechanical strength to allow early ambulation. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study of 24 cases of vascularised fibular graft for lower limb reconstruction was conducted from February 2003 to March 2014. The average defect size was 15.5 cm and the average length of fibula harvested was 24.35 cm. A total of 19 free fibular flaps and 5 pedicled fibula were done. Mean age was 26 years. Fibula was nestled in the allograft obtained from the tissue bank. Results: The mean follow-up time was 52 months. Free flap success rate was 96%. Successful healing was achieved at 45 ends (97.8%). Radiological evidence of union at osteotomy sites occurred at an average of 6.8 months. Eight patients eventually succumbed to disease. At the final follow-up, the mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score of the evaluable patients was 26 (range 20–30). Conclusions: Pedicled fibula is a good option if the defect is within 14 cm of the knee joint at the femoral end. The vessels have to curve around the fibular head, thus its removal improves the reach of the pedicle. The flap is easy to harvest with predictable vascular anatomy and it can provide a large amount of vascularised bone and skin paddle. It results in early ambulation, rehabilitation and reduced morbidity. We realised that fixation is easier and chances of vascular injury are less in free as compared to pedicled fibula.
The characteristics of private plastic surgery practice in developing country: An epidemiological study
Authors: Rini Irena Sakura , Krisna Made Ananda , Basuki Adi , Djarot Kasih Rahardjo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: With the rise in working-age population, there has been notable economic growth in Indonesia. Along with it, there is an increase in expenditure for non-food items such as health-care service, without exception to plastic surgery practice. Aesthetic plastic surgery practice has gained its popularity in several other developing countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Epidemiology report of private plastic surgery practice in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, will provide the evidence of increasing need for aesthetic plastic surgery practices as the basis for further improvement. Methods: This is a single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study with a total sampling method which included all patients registered at a private plastic surgery clinic between January 2008 and December 2016. Results: There were 1457 medical procedures. The majority (93.4%) of patients were female. More than 80% were surgical procedures, the most common ones were breast implant and blepharoplasty with the latter being similarly popular in both gender. The majority of the patients fell into 20–45-year-old group. Patients <20-year-old had undergone a more minor surgical procedure such as skin tumour and nevus excision or scar treatment while patients >45-year-old had more procedures with rejuvenation purpose. Conclusion: The epidemiology of private plastic surgery practice in an urban area of developing country resembles those in either developed or developing countries with a similar socio-demographic profile. This data can be further utilised for a more focused private plastic surgery practice improvement. The limitation however is that, the study is based on a single centre data.
Marking of temporal point and lower border of temporal triangle in planning hair transplantation for male-pattern baldness
Authors: Soni Suneet , Dodia Hardik 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Temporal recession in male-pattern baldness is common. The method of marking of temporal point practiced worldwide, described by Walter P. Unger, does not help in marking temporal triangle border in Indian population. We have found aesthetically superior way of marking temporal point and easy method of construction of lower border of temporal triangle. Case Series: The new marking was applied over 126 young male patients from March 2014 to December 2017; they were regularly followed up and results were observed. Conclusion: With the new method of marking, we found that the lower border of temporal triangle can be easily constructed and temporal point can be more aesthetically placed in Indian population.
Eigenvalue Optimisation on Flat Tori and Lattice Points in Anisotropically Expanding Domains
Authors: Lagacé Jean 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the maximisation of the$k$-th eigenvalue of the Laplacian amongst flat tori of unit volume in dimension$d$as$k$goes to infinity. We show that in any dimension maximisers exist for any given$k$, but that any sequence of maximisers degenerates as$k$goes to infinity when the dimension is at most 10. Furthermore, we obtain specific upper and lower bounds for the injectivity radius of any sequence of maximisers. We also prove that flat Klein bottles maximising the$k$-th eigenvalue of the Laplacian exhibit the same behaviour. These results contrast with those obtained recently by Gittins and Larson, stating that sequences of optimal cuboids for either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions converge to the cube no matter the dimension. We obtain these results via Weyl asymptotics with explicit control of the remainder in terms of the injectivity radius. We reduce the problem at hand to counting lattice points inside anisotropically expanding domains, where we generalise methods of Yu. Kordyukov and A. Yakovlev by considering domains that expand at different rates in various directions.
From Steklov to Neumann and Beyond, via Robin: The Szegő Way
Authors: Freitas Pedro , Laugesen Richard S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe second eigenvalue of the Robin Laplacian is shown to be maximal for the disk among simply-connected planar domains of fixed area when the Robin parameter is scaled by perimeter in the form$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}/L(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA})$, and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$lies between$-2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$and$2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$. Corollaries include Szegő’s sharp upper bound on the second eigenvalue of the Neumann Laplacian under area normalization, and Weinstock’s inequality for the first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue for simply-connected domains of given perimeter.The first Robin eigenvalue is maximal, under the same conditions, for the degenerate rectangle. When area normalization on the domain is changed to conformal mapping normalization and the Robin parameter is positive, the maximiser of the first eigenvalue changes back to the disk.
Green fiscal reform for a just energy transition in Latin America
Authors: Jakob Michael , Soria Rafael , Trinidad Carlos , Edenhofer Ottmar , Bak Celine , Bouille Daniel , Buira Daniel , Carlino Hernan , Gutman Veronica , Hübner Christian , Knopf Brigitte , Lucena André , Santos Luan , Scott Andrew , Steckel Jan Christoph , Tanaka Kanako , Vogt-Schilb Adrien , Yamada Koichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Green fiscal reforms would contribute to climate change mitigation, increase the economic efficiency of national tax systems and provide additional public revenues. Some countries in Latin America have already taken first steps towards green fiscal reforms. This outlook article provides an overview of the major challenges for the successful implementation of such reforms and discusses how they could be overcome.
Conservative finite-volume forms of the Saint-Venant equations for hydrology and urban drainage
Authors: Hodges Ben R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. New integral, finite-volume forms of the Saint-Venant equations for
one-dimensional (1-D) open-channel flow are derived. The new equations are in
the flux-gradient conservation form and transfer portions of both the
hydrostatic pressure force and the gravitational force from the source term
to the conservative flux term. This approach prevents irregular channel
topography from creating an inherently non-smooth source term for momentum.
The derivation introduces an analytical approximation of the free surface
across a finite-volume element (e.g., linear, parabolic) with a weighting
function for quadrature with bottom topography. This new
free-surface/topography approach provides a single term that approximates the
integrated piezometric pressure over a control volume that can be split
between the source and the conservative flux terms without introducing new
variables within the discretization. The resulting conservative finite-volume
equations are written entirely in terms of flow rates, cross-sectional areas,
and water surface elevations – without using the bottom
slope (S0). The new Saint-Venant equation form is (1) inherently
conservative, as compared to non-conservative finite-difference forms, and
(2) inherently well-balanced for irregular topography, as compared to
conservative finite-volume forms using the Cunge–Liggett approach that rely
on two integrations of topography. It is likely that this new equation form
will be more tractable for large-scale simulations of river networks and
urban drainage systems with highly variable topography as it ensures the
inhomogeneous source term of the momentum conservation equation is Lipschitz
smooth as long as the solution variables are smooth.
Pervasive cold ice within a temperate glacier – implications for glacier thermal regimes, sediment transport and foreland geomorphology
Authors: Reinardy Benedict T. I. , Booth Adam D. , Hughes Anna L. C. , Boston Clare M. , Åkesson Henning , Bakke Jostein , Nesje Atle , Giesen Rianne H. , Pearce Danni M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This study suggests that cold-ice processes may be more
widespread than previously assumed, even within temperate glacial systems. We
present the first systematic mapping of cold ice at the snout of the
temperate glacier Midtdalsbreen, an outlet of the Hardangerjøkulen icefield
(Norway), from 43 line kilometres of ground-penetrating radar data. Results
show a 40 m wide cold-ice zone within the majority of the glacier snout,
where ice thickness is <10 m. We interpret ice to be cold-based across
this zone, consistent with basal freeze-on processes involved in the
deposition of moraines. We also find at least two zones of cold ice up to
15 m thick within the ablation area, occasionally extending to the glacier
bed. There are two further zones of cold ice up to 30 m thick in the
accumulation area, also extending to the glacier bed. Cold-ice zones in the
ablation area tend to correspond to areas of the glacier that are covered by
late-lying seasonal snow patches that reoccur over multiple years. Subglacial
topography and the location of the freezing isotherm within the glacier and
underlying subglacial strata likely influence the transport and supply of
supraglacial debris and formation of controlled moraines. The wider
implication of this study is the possibility that, with continued climate
warming, temperate environments with primarily temperate glaciers could
become polythermal in forthcoming decades with (i) persisting thinning and
(ii) retreat to higher altitudes where subglacial permafrost could be and/or
become more widespread. Adversely, the number and size of late-lying snow
patches in ablation areas may decrease and thereby reduce the extent of
cold ice, reinforcing the postulated change in the thermal regime.
INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDY OF HANSEN SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS OF RUBBER PROCESS OILS (DAE, TDAE, MES, AND NAP)
Authors: Farshchi Negin , Abbasian Ali 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Process oils are used for rubbers to improve their flexibility and processability in industry. The solubility parameter is a convenient way to determine the solubility of materials. Inverse gas chromatography was used to calculate the solubility parameters and depict solubility spheres for distillated aromatic extract (DAE), treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE), mildly extracted solvate (MES), and hydro processed naphthenic oil (NAP). Results showed that despite the similarity in values of the solubility parameters of DAE and TDAE at ambient temperature, increasing temperature led to a significant difference in values. In contrast to other oils, TDAE showed a better compatibility with polar solvents. In addition, the interaction parameters showed no specific dependence on the temperature for DAE, MES, and NAP, except for polar solvents and TDAE. DAE had the highest compatibility with aromatic solvents. Upon raising the temperature to values greater than 100 °C, the compatibility trend between oils and toluene was the same for all oils investigated, except for TDAE, which increased with increasing temperature whereas others showed a reduction. The increase in the alkyl chain was also effective in increasing the compatibility of the probes as well as their interaction parameter values. The solubility parameters (δ2) of process oils were determined to be 18.9, 18.9, 18.5, and 19.0 (J/cm3)0.5 for DAE, TDAE, NAP, and MES at 25 °C, respectively.
The Dickensian George Eliot
Authors: Levine George 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough critics have long insisted on the radical differences between the works of George Eliot and Dickens, and George Eliot (and her partner, G. H. Lewes) mounted a strong attack on Dickens's writing (with, of course, qualifications for his extravagant genius) in order to promote George Eliot's kind of fiction writing, there are important similarities between the two writers that are fundamental to the condition of writing novels in the Victorian era. Both write long multiplot fictions; both imagine individual lives as bound up in complex social webs; both achieve their “realism” by the way of extravagant, fairy-tale like manipulations of plot. Despite a critical tradition that tended to oppose them, admiration for one does not exclude admiration for the other.
Søren Kierkegaard as Library User
Authors: Smith Troy Wellington 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This article argues that the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55) evolved as a library user over the course of his life and career. Whereas the libraries of Copenhagen were initially only collections of books for Kierkegaard (for his academic and, later, literary projects), by the end of his days, in the midst of his attack on the People's Church of Denmark, Kierkegaard began to conceive of the library (or, to be more precise, the reading rooms of the Athenæum Society) as a performative political space in which he could existentially realize the steps he had counseled in his polemics; by appearing conspicuously in the Athenæum on Sunday mornings, Kierkegaard modeled resistance against the institutionalized Christianity of Denmark. Included is a comprehensive analysis of Kierkegaard's explicit references to Copenhagen's libraries and their materials in his journals and papers, as they appear in Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter (Søren Kierkegaard's writings).
Knowledge Is Power: The Rise and Fall of the Libraries of the United Automobile Workers' Union
Authors: Daniel Dominique 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This article traces the history of libraries run by local unions of the International United Automobile Workers' union (UAW) from the mid-1930s through the 1950s. Using the records of the UAW it examines the purpose of its libraries and the workers' education program they were part of. It analyzes the collections in these libraries and considers how they were developed, who used them, and how they fared in light of the role of print in the UAW's activities and of Depression, wartime-era, and postwar working-class reading culture.
A holistic experience in the integrated learning of specialized English and content in engineering degrees
Authors: Argüelles Álvarez Irina 
Published: March 2019

Author/s
Irina Argüelles ÁlvarezUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to outline a theory-based Content and Language Integrated Learning course and to establish the rationale for adopting a holistic approach to the teaching of languages in tertiary education. Our work focuses on the interdependence between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular regarding the learning of English within the framework of Telecommunications Engineering. The study first analyses the diverse components of the instructional approach and the extent to which this approach interrelates with technologies within the context of what we have defined as a holistic experience, since it also aims to develop a set of generic competences or transferable skills. Second, an example of a course project framed in this holistic approach is described in order to exemplify the specific actions suggested for learner autonomy and CLIL. The approach provides both an adequate framework as well as the conditions needed to carry out a lifelong learning experience within our context, a Spanish School of Engineering. In addition to specialized language and content, the approach integrates the learning of skills and capacities required by the new plans that have been established following the Bologna Declaration in 1999.
‘Does everybody understand?’ Teacher questions across disciplines in English-mediated university lectures: An exploratory study
Authors: Dafouz Milne Emma , Sánchez García Davinia 
Published: March 2019

Author/s
Emma Dafouz MilneUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainDavinia Sánchez GarcíaUniversidad a Distancia de Madrid, Spain

ABSTRACT
This small-scale study attempts to analyse the role of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in three different university lectures across disciplines. Following previous research (Crawford Camiciottoli 2004, Dafouz 2011, Dalton-Puffer 2007), the focus is placed on teacher discourse and, more specifically, teacher questions as fundamental tools that articulate classroom talk and prime strategies that promote interaction and co-construct meanings (Chang 2012, Sánchez García 2010). Our corpus includes four hours of teaching practice from Spanish EMI lessons where participants are non-native speakers of the vehicular language. Preliminary results suggest that questions tend to be greatly exploited discursive features and that confirmation checks and display questions seem to predominate over all other types of questions used in the classroom. Concurrently, the study suggests that there seem to be more commonalities than differences in the use of questions across disciplines. Additionally, it can be stated that lecturers need to be trained to benefit from the resources offered by their own discourse in order to facilitate students' content and language learning.
Sex, Love, and Migration
Authors: Bloch Alexia 
Published: March 2019

Sex, Love, and Migration: Postsocialism, Modernity, and Intimacy from Istanbul to the Arctic (SLM) examines global inequality beyond familiar discussions of exploitative relationships that divide the world between the “Third/First World” or “Global South/North”. SLM traces how women’s mobility is fundamentally reshaping their emotional worlds and social ties: with men, children, work, households of origin and destination communities. Since the early 1990s, post-Soviet women have crossed borders between the former Soviet Union and Turkey as labor migrants. Based on ethnographic fieldwork spanning over a decade primarily in Istanbul, but also in Russia and southern Moldova, SLM portrays the lives of post-Soviet migrant women often employed for years on end in three distinct spheres: sex work, the garment trade, and domestic work. It considers how they negotiate emotion, intimate relationships, and unpredictable state powers shaping their lives. SLM challenges us to reconsider assumptions about mobile women being solely defined by danger, victimization, and trafficking, and instead, turns our attention to the stories that speak to the myriad aspirations and complex lives of people engaged in transnational mobility. Above all, SLM portrays women migrants as people who foster intimate ties as they move between hubs of global capitalism and their home communities.
Conclusion
Authors: Reich Simon , Dombrowski Peter 
Published: March 2019

This chapter is divided into three components:
1.	A review of the (lack of) utility of the concept of grand strategy in view of the prior chapters
2.	A discussion of the theoretical and policy implications of our alternative formulation which we characterize as “calibrated strategies” in an evolving strategic environment (see chapter 2) where there are proliferating demands made on the military.
3.	The implications of our findings for the future of the military, particularly the Navy (as the central branch of the military services in most grand strategic theorizing).
Our overall assessment is that academics have to reappraise and focus on explanation, not prescription, and that an adaptive approach is required by policymakers in recognizing contingencies rather than strategizing in terms of generalities. Naval officials, however, will seek to avoid certain kinds of MOOTW whenever possible, preferring to pursue traditional naval functions, playing “away games” in the places like the South China Sea rather than “home games” guarding America’s shores from illicit flows.