bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for community engagement when conducting clinical trials during infectious disease emergencies in West Africa
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Allman Dan , Haire Bridget , Yakubu Aminu , Afolabi Muhammed O. , Cooper Joseph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCommunity engagement in research, including public health related research, is acknowledged as an ethical imperative. While medical care and public health action take priority over research during infectious disease outbreaks, research is still required in order to learn from epidemic responses. The World Health Organisation developed a guide for community engagement during infectious disease epidemics called the Good Participatory Practice for Trials of Emerging (and Re‐emerging) Pathogens that are Likely to Cause Severe Outbreaks in the Near Future and for which Few or No Medical Counter‐Measures Exist (GPP‐EP). This paper identified priorities for community engagement for research conducted during infectious disease outbreaks drawing on discussions held with a purposive sample of bioethicists, social scientists, researchers, policy makers and laypersons who work with ethics committees in West Africa. These perspectives were considered in the light of the GPP‐EP, which adds further depth and dimension to discussions on community engagement frameworks. It concludes that there is no presumptive justification for the exclusion of communities in the design, implementation and monitoring of clinical trials conducted during an infectious disease outbreak. Engagement that facilitates collaboration rather than partnership between researchers and the community during epidemics is acceptable.
Cell competition: Emerging mechanisms to eliminate neighbors
Authors: Nagata Rina , Igaki Tatsushi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCell competition is a context‐dependent cell elimination through short‐range cell–cell interaction, in which cells with higher fitness eliminate neighboring less‐fit or oncogenic cells within the growing tissue. Cell competition can be triggered by many different factors such as heterozygous mutations in the ribosomal protein genes (which are called “Minute” mutations), elevated Myc, Yorkie/YAP, Wg/Wnt, JAK‐STAT, Ras, or Src activity, and loss of Mahjong/VprBP, endocytic pathway components, or apicobasal cell polarity. Studies on the mechanisms and roles of cell competition have suggested that cell competition can be divided into two types: selection of fitter cells or elimination of oncogenic cells. The former type of cell competition includes Minute or Myc‐induced cell competition that is considered to be dependent on the relative level of protein synthesis. The later type of cell competition includes tumor‐suppressive cell competition triggered by loss of cell polarity genes such as scribble (scrib) or discs large (dlg). Genetic studies in Drosophila during the past decade have provided significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of these phenomena. At the same time, these studies have now raised new questions; how do different mechanisms contribute or cooperate to drive cell competition, do common mechanisms exist in different types of cell competition, and what are the physiological roles of these cell competition phenomena?
Three‐dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation and management of paravalvular regurgitation
Authors: Kinno Menhel , Raissi Sasan R. , Olson Kristoff A. , Rigolin Vera H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParavalvular regurgitation is an uncommon but serious complication that can be encountered after either surgical or percutaneous valve replacement and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and accurate assessment of paravalvular regurgitation are crucial to identify those who would benefit from intervention. Recent advances in 3‐dimensional echocardiography have increased the feasibility of percutaneous approaches for the management of paravalvular regurgitation. Percutaneous closure of paravalvular regurgitation has emerged as a favorable alternative for redo surgery in selected cases. This article will review the role of 3‐dimensional echocardiography in the assessment and management of paravalvular regurgitation.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Headache and Migraine: Why to Prescribe and What New Research Is Critical for Advancing Integrated Biobehavioral Care
Authors: Kroon Van Diest Ashley M. , Powers Scott W. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of ReviewTo highlight current evidence supporting the prescription of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of first‐line preventive treatment for children and adolescents with headache and discuss a research strategy aimed at: (1) understanding how and why CBT works, and (2) developing effective and efficient approaches for integrating CBT into headache specialty, neurology, and primary care settings.Recent FindingsAlthough preventive medications for pediatric headache and migraine are commonly prescribed, recent meta‐analyses and an NIH‐funded, multi‐center clinical trial suggests that the effect of pill‐taking therapies may be mostly due to a placebo effect. These findings have led to greater consideration of prescription of non‐pharmacological therapies as first‐line interventions (either alone or in combination with pill‐based therapy). A literature that extends back to the 1980s and includes recent clinical trials and meta‐analyses demonstrates that CBT decreases headache frequency and related disability in youth with headache and migraine and has a favorable benefit to risk profile with almost no negative side effects.SummaryCBT has been repeatedly demonstrated as effective in treating pediatric headache and migraine. As such, it should be considered as part of first‐line preventive treatment for pediatric headache (either alone or in combination with a pill‐based therapy). We need to better understand how this therapy works and what makes it distinct (if anything) from the placebo effect. What we need to achieve is empirical support for efficient access to this evidence‐based treatment and clarity on how to match the intensity of non‐pharmacological intervention to the needs of our patients at the time they present for care.
In situ synthesis of leucite‐based feldspathic dental porcelain with minor kalsilite and Fe2O3 impurities
Authors: Salimkhani Hamed , Asghari Fesaghandis Erfan , Salimkhani Sharareh , Abdolalipour Behnam , Motei Dizaji Ali , Joodi Tohid , Bordbar‐Khiabani Aidin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractK‐Feldspar was used as a raw material for in situ synthesis of leucite particles by solid‐state reaction method. Prior to synthesis of leucite, K‐Feldspar was treated by oxalic acid (C2H2O4) to eliminate Fe content. The parameters affecting the structure and amount of Fe in K‐Feldspar was investigated to reach an optimal leaching condition. Next, kasilite removal was studied by introducing CaF2 to the composition of dental porcelain. To synthesis leucite, the prepared materials were heated up to 1450°C for 3 hours until fusion phenomena occurred, then cooled down to 865°C to permit the leucite crystals nucleate and grow. To find out the chemical composition of powder, XRF, EDX, and Atomic absorption spectroscopy were used. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X‐Ray Diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy were employed to study the structure of mineral. Spectrophotometry was chosen to analyze whiteness index of powder after acid treatment. Differential Thermal Analysis was employed to determine the crystallization temperature. Results indicated a dramatic decrease in Fe content (0.018%wt) by employing C2H2O4 as a leachant at 50°C. In addition, whiteness index of 91% was achieved through this procedure for raw feldspar. Finally, 1%wt of CaF2 prevented formation of kalsilite.
Configuration‐based approach for topological problems in the design of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Morais Vinicius , Mateus Geraldo Robson 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with two routing problems that integrate coverage and cardinality constraints to optimize the wireless sensor networks lifetime. Problems based on arborescence and cycle topologies are defined on the design of that kind of network. We propose configuration‐based linear integer programming formulations and devise column‐and‐row generation (CRG) algorithms to evaluate the bounds. Computational experiments showed that configuration‐based formulations dominate the formulations being compared and indicate CRG as an alternative to solve related location–allocation problems in transportation and telecommunication networks.
Effect of MgO calcination temperature on the reaction products and kinetics of MgO–SiO2–H2O system
Authors: Li Zhaoheng , Xu Yudong , Zhang Tongsheng , Hu Jie , Wei Jiangxiong , Yu Qijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMgO‐based binders have been widely studied for decades. Recently, the MgO–SiO2–H2O system was developed as a novel construction material, however, its reaction mechanism remains unclear. This paper investigated the reaction products and kinetics of MgO/silica fume (SF) pastes with MgO calcinated at different temperatures. The results indicate that MgO presented larger grain size after calcination at higher temperature. Mg(OH)2 and magnesium silicate hydrate (M–S–H) gel were formed when using MgO calcined at 850, 950, and 1050°C. However, only M–S–H gel was formed when using MgO calcined at 1450°C. The reaction kinetics of MgO could be described using α = 1 − e−k*t. The reaction rate of MgO increased with decreasing calcination temperature, increasing SF dosage, and the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate. Only M–S–H gel was formed when the reaction rate of MgO was below the demarcation line (about 0.250 × 10−6 s−1), and the corresponding demarcation area was around 14 days.
A novel soft tissue thickness measuring method using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Gürlek Önder , Sönmez Şule , Güneri Pelin , Nizam Nejat 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to introduce a novel soft tissue thickness measurement method using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the new method with ultrasonic device applications and transgingival probing measurements.MethodsTwenty‐five participants (12 female, 13 male, age range, 25‐51 years) were included the study. Soft tissue thickness in lateral incisor, canine, premolar, and molar regions were measured using transgingival probing (group T), ultrasonic device (group U), and CBCT scan measurements (group C). Differences and correlations between groups and agreement between measurement methods were evaluated.ResultsSoft tissue thickness was significantly lower in group U in premolar region, but was significantly higher in molar region compared with group C and group T (P < .05). There were significant positive correlations in lateral incisor and canine region, between group U and group C, in premolar region between group T and group C, and in molar region between group U and group C, and between group C and group T (P < .05). The highest agreement between measurement methods was evident between group T and group C.ConclusionSoft tissue thickness values in maxilla may differ depending on the measurement method and location of the measurement. Ultrasonic device, transgingival probing, and CBCT measures may not necessarily correlate in all locations. The high agreement between CBCT measurements and transgingival probing may suggest the newly introduced method as a promising technique for soft tissue thickness evaluation.Clinical SignificanceThis study evaluated the relation between different soft tissue thickness measurement methods and demonstrated a novel method which can be used in any part of the mouth. The outcome also suggested that the measurement method and the location might affect the soft tissue thickness value obtained, and therefore might be important in clinical decision making.
Chronic wet cough in Aboriginal children: It's not just a cough
Authors: D'Sylva Pamela , Walker Roz , Lane Mary , Chang Anne B , Schultz André 
Published: November 2018

AimChronic respiratory disease is common among Aboriginal Australians. Chronic wet cough is an early marker of chronic disease in children but often goes undetected due, in part, to delayed health seeking by families. Currently, no studies have examined the reasons for delayed health seeking for children's chronic cough. To identify the barriers to, and enablers for, seeking medical help for chronic wet cough in Aboriginal children.MethodsThis was a qualitative study, gathering data through individual semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews and focus groups to ascertain Aboriginal family knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about seeking health care for chronic wet cough in children in a regional Kimberley town, Western Australia between October 2017 and March 2018.ResultsForty Aboriginal community members participated. The three key barriers identified were: ‘Cough normalisation’, that is, 70% of participants considered chronic cough normal (with 53% of participants' previous interactions with doctors informing their understanding of chronic cough); the lack of health literacy information; and a sense of disempowerment (belief that no medical action would be taken and inability to challenge doctors). The key expressed enablers were provision of health literacy information and health practitioner training to assess and treat chronic wet cough in children. All participants reported that they would seek help for chronic wet cough once they were informed that it could signify underlying disease.ConclusionResults highlight the need for a culturally appropriate information and education to inform Aboriginal families and their health practitioners of the importance of chronic wet cough in children.
Medical Emergencies in Farmers
Authors: Reece Sharon C.M. , Thiruchelvam Deva , Redelmeier Donald A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground: Agricultural work involves hazards that may harm long‐term well‐being. We evaluated the risk of long‐term disability and death for agricultural workers compared to construction workers with similar demographics. We hypothesized that delays to emergency care and subsequent long‐term disability following injury might be worse for agricultural workers compared to those injured in construction.Methods: We evaluated all adults severely injured on farms or on construction sites in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2012, according to the Ontario Trauma Registry. We excluded individuals living outside of the province, those missing a valid health card number, or youth less than 17 years old. Our primary outcome was death or the subsequent application for disability support.Results: In total, 353 patients were injured on a farm or construction site during the study period. Delays to emergency care exceeding 12 hours were more frequent for agricultural workers compared to construction workers (43% vs 23%, P <.001). After a 5‐year follow‐up, agricultural workers had a death or disability rate marginally higher than construction workers (23% vs 14%, P = .068), equivalent to a hazard ratio of 1.62 that was marginally statistically significant (95% confidence interval 0.96‐2.75, P = .072). The risk of death and disability was greatest for patients who had the longest delays to emergency care.Interpretation: Agricultural workers experience a substantial delay in receiving emergency care and a marginally higher risk of death or disability in the years following injury compared to construction workers.
Increased rainfall and nitrogen alter colonization and extinction during postgrazing steppe succession
Authors: Yu Hong‐Wei , He Wei‐Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuestionSteppes may be sensitive to rainfall and nitrogen (N) pulses; however, their potential effects on local colonization and extinction during postgrazing steppe succession have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. We addressed how increased rainfall and N influenced plant species richness, gain, loss, and turnover in an ungrazed steppe.LocationNortheastern Inner Mongolia, China.MethodsWe performed a five‐growing‐season field experiment, in which an ungrazed steppe was subject to nine different combinations of rainfall and N. The three rainfall levels were ambient amount of rainfall, a 14% increase in amount of rainfall, and a 28% increase in amount of rainfall; the three N levels were no N addition, an addition of 5 g N m−2 year−1, and an addition of 10 g N m−2 year−1. We determined successional changes at the taxonomic and functional levels by surveying plant species in the first and fifth growing seasons.Results(a) Increased rainfall and N addition did not affect plant species richness but did influence plant species loss, gain, and turnover. (b) At the taxonomic level, species loss, gain, and turnover decreased monotonically with increasing rainfall; N addition decreased species loss and turnover but did not influence species gain; the slope of the species loss–gain relation was approximately 1.0. (c) At the plant functional group level, increased rainfall favored C3 plants by sustaining species gain and decreasing species loss; N addition favored C4 plants by increasing the species gain and decreasing the species loss.ConclusionIncreased rainfall and simulated N deposition could induce rapid colonization and extinction during postgrazing steppe succession, but maintain plant diversity homeostasis by equally affecting species colonization and extinction. Future rainfall enrichment and N deposition might strongly influence the relative abundance of different plant functional groups, thereby affecting successional changes under global change.
Deep neural network with high‐order neuron for the prediction of foamed concrete strength
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Kashani Alireza , Ngo Tuan , Bordas Stéphane 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe article presents a deep neural network model for the prediction of the compressive strength of foamed concrete. A new, high‐order neuron was developed for the deep neural network model to improve the performance of the model. Moreover, the cross‐entropy cost function and rectified linear unit activation function were employed to enhance the performance of the model. The present model was then applied to predict the compressive strength of foamed concrete through a given data set, and the obtained results were compared with other machine learning methods including conventional artificial neural network (C‐ANN) and second‐order artificial neural network (SO‐ANN). To further validate the proposed model, a new data set from the laboratory and a given data set of high‐performance concrete were used to obtain a higher degree of confidence in the prediction. It is shown that the proposed model obtained a better prediction, compared to other methods. In contrast to C‐ANN and SO‐ANN, the proposed model can genuinely improve its performance when training a deep neural network model with multiple hidden layers. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the input variables on the compressive strength. The results indicated that the compressive strength of foamed concrete is greatly affected by density, followed by the water‐to‐cement and sand‐to‐cement ratios. By providing a reliable prediction tool, the proposed model can aid researchers and engineers in mixture design optimization of foamed concrete.
“Superabundant Being”: Disambiguating Rilke and Heidegger
Authors: Pfau Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRilke's impact on the generation of writers reshaping philosophy and theology during the interwar years is arguably without parallel. Within this constellation, the case of Heidegger as a reader of Rilke presents unique challenges. For Rilke's poetry neither quite allows for a wholly appropriative reading such as, for better or worse, Heidegger accords Hölderlin's oeuvre; nor can Heidegger quite bring himself to subject Rilke’s poetry to critical appraisal. Instead, Heidegger's analysis of Dasein as worked out in Part I of Being and Time (1927) and in his lectures on The Basic Concepts of Metaphysics (1929) seems haunted by an intellectual and expressive debt to Rilke that he can neither acknowledge nor fully resolve. For to do so would be to confront a possibility of human finitude, so luminously traced in Rilke's Duino Elegies (1922), still defined by moments of transcendence – moments that can be captured in the fleeting plenitude of poetic intuition (Anschauung) and lyric image (Bild). Whereas von Balthasar, in volume 3 of his Apokalypse der deutschen Seele (1939), reads Rilke as fundamentally embracing Heidegger’s notion of strictly immanent and finite Dasein, I argue that the oeuvre of the later Rilke, without being reclaimed for a metaphysical, let alone religious position, nevertheless is shaped, both intellectually and expressively, by insistent, if enigmatic, moments of transcendence.
Predispositions Matter…But How? Ideology as a Mediator of Personality’s Effects on EU Support in Five Countries
Authors: Curtis K. Amber , Nielsen Julie Hassing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPersonality’s direct effects on various aspects of political attitudes and behavior have received substantial attention, yet few investigate its indirect effects—even though several studies posit that these may be even more important. We utilize original survey data from five European countries (Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) to provide a comprehensive, cross‐national test of the extent to which personal predispositions have a direct versus indirect impact on public support for the European Union (EU). Knowing that ideology is an important determinant of views towards European integration, we look specifically at the extent to which ideological self‐placement mediates the effect of the Big Five personality traits on EU attitudes. We indeed find evidence of significant mediation—most robustly for the traits of openness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability—particularly in contexts where party‐system complexity is low. These results reiterate that personality matters—both directly and indirectly—for political attitudes and behavior, confirm that ideology is an important mechanism transferring personality effects forward, and suggest that scholars would do well to further evaluate alternative pathways through which personality’s effects travel.
Innovative protein sources in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feeding
Authors: Sánchez‐Muros María José , Renteria Patricio , Vizcaino Antonio , Barroso Fernando G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractShrimps are one of the most important cultures in aquaculture with an estimated production of around 4.5 million MT, that is constantly growing. This fact entails the necessity to increase aquafeed production to meet demand. As in other aquaculture species, fishmeal (FM) is the main protein source used in shrimp feeding. In this context, the current review summarises several innovative protein sources for shrimp nutrition, focusing primarily on those sources that are less commercialised including fishery by‐products, terrestrial animal by‐products, single‐cell proteins, grain legumes, plant protein concentrates and cereal by‐products, with emphasis placed on novel raw materials in experimental phase: algae, insect meal or biofloc. Nutritive values, inclusion levels and constraints are discussed.