bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klinische Überlegungen bezüglich der
wundheilungsphasenadaptierten und gewebespezifischen Dosierung in der Manuellen
Therapie
Authors: Koller Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung„Gebrauch bestimmt die Funktion“! Für eine funktionelle Ausrichtung
(Mechanotransduktion) reichen wahrscheinlich schon minimale Kräfte von außen
aus. Der zweite Bindegewebewiderstand (R2) scheint klinisch ein guter
Anhaltspunkt für die adäquate Dosierung in der Proliferationsphase zu sein und
somit einer potenziellen Überdosierung entgegenzuwirken.
Overview of Primary Malignant Tumors Affecting the Hip
Authors: Gianakos Arianna , Patel Jay , Miller Justin , Wittig James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMalignancy within the hip joint can present with nonspecific symptoms such as a limp, joint stiffness, and pain. While malignant disease within the hip joint is not as common as in other areas of the body, its recognition is important, as a delay in proper diagnosis may be detrimental to patient outcomes. The authors present an overview of several malignant disease processes involving the hip joint as well as the senior author's preferred technique for endoprosthetic reconstruction in treating these conditions.
Climate-driven variation in mosquito density predicts the spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue
Authors: Li Ruiyun , Xu Lei , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Liu Keke , Song Tie , Chen Aifang , Xu Bing , Liu Qiyong , Stenseth Nils C. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Using extensive data on dengue fever and mosquito density, we demonstrate that local weather conditions, through their impact on the variation of mosquito abundance, are a driver of dengue dynamics in China. We believe that this mechanism can be applied to explain dengue dynamics in other places as well. We furthermore conjecture that our integrative approach would be applicable to other vector-borne diseases, such as Zika, malaria, and chikungunya.
Five computational developability guidelines for therapeutic antibody profiling
Authors: Raybould Matthew I. J. , Marks Claire , Krawczyk Konrad , Taddese Bruck , Nowak Jaroslaw , Lewis Alan P. , Bujotzek Alexander , Shi Jiye , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Immunogenicity, instability, self-association, high viscosity, polyspecificity, or poor expression can all preclude an antibody from becoming a therapeutic. Early identification of these negative characteristics is essential. Akin to the Lipinski guidelines, which measure druglikeness in small molecules, our Therapeutic Antibody Profiler highlights antibodies that possess characteristics that are rare/unseen in clinical-stage mAb therapeutics. The only required input is the variable domain sequence. We show examples where our approach would have advised against manufacturing antibodies that were found to aggregate or have poor expression.
A 40-year review of food–energy–water nexus literature and its application to the urban scale
Authors: Newell Joshua P , Goldstein Benjamin , Foster Alec 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Essential for society to function, the production and consumption of food, energy, and water (FEW) are deeply intertwined, leading to calls for a nexus approach to understand and manage the complex tradeoffs and cascading effects. What research exists to date on this FEW nexus? How have scholars conceptualized these interactions at the urban scale? What are some promising approaches? Where are the research gaps? To answer these questions, we conducted a quantitative review of the academic literature on the FEW nexus (1399 publications) over more than four decades (1973–2017), followed by in-depth analysis of the most influential papers using an evaluation matrix that examined four components: 1) modeling approach; 2) scale; 3) nexus ‘trigger’; and 4) governance and policy. Scholars in the fields of environmental science predominated, while social science domains were under-represented. Most papers used quantitative rather than qualitative approaches, especially integrated assessment and systems dynamics modeling although spatial scale was generally recognized, explicit consideration of multi-scalar interactions was limited. Issues of institutional structure, governance, equity, resource access, and behavior were also underdeveloped. Bibliometric analysis of this literature revealed six distinct research communities, including a nascent urban FEW community. We replicated the analysis for this urban group, finding it to be just emerging (80% of papers have been published since 2010) and dominated by scholars in industrial ecology. These scholars focus on quantifying FEW flows of the urban metabolism in isolation rather than as a nexus, largely ignoring the political and socio-economic factors shaping these flows. We propose the urban FEW metabolism as a boundary object to draw in diverse scholarly and practitioner communities. This will advance research on complex FEW systems in four key areas: (1) integration of heterogeneous models and approaches; (2) scalar linkages between urban consumption and trans-boundary resource flows; (3) how actors and institutions shape resource access, distribution and use; and (4) co-production of knowledge with stakeholders.
SUBSTRA: Supervised Bayesian Patient Stratification
Authors: Khakabimamaghani Sahand , Kelkar Yogeshwar D , Grande Bruno M , Morin Ryan D , Ester Martin , Ziemek Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Patient stratification methods are key to the vision of precision medicine. Here, we consider transcriptional data to segment the patient population into subsets relevant to a given phenotype. Whereas most existing patient stratification methods focus either on predictive performance or interpretable features, we developed a method striking a balance between these two important goals.

Results
We introduce a Bayesian method called SUBSTRA that uses regularized biclustering to identify patient subtypes and interpretable subtype-specific transcript clusters. The method iteratively re-weights feature importance to optimize phenotype prediction performance by producing more phenotype-relevant patient subtypes. We investigate the performance of SUBSTRA in finding relevant features using simulated data and successfully benchmark it against state-of-the-art unsupervised stratification methods and supervised alternatives. Moreover, SUBSTRA achieves predictive performance competitive with the supervised benchmark methods and provides interpretable transcriptional features in diverse biological settings, such as drug response prediction, cancer diagnosis, or kidney transplant rejection.

Availability and implementation
The R code of SUBSTRA is available at https://github.com/sahandk/SUBSTRA.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Health Care Transition Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multinational Delphi Study
Authors: van den Brink Gertrude , van Gaalen Martha A C , de Ridder Lissy , van der Woude C Janneke , Escher Johanna C 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransition programmes are designed to prepare adolescent inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients for transfer to adult care. It is still unclear which outcome parameters define ‘successful transition’. Therefore, this study aimed to identify outcomes important for success of transition in IBD.MethodsA multinational Delphi study in patients, IBD nurses, and paediatric and adult gastroenterologists was conducted. In stage 1, panellists commented on an outcome list. In stage 2, the refined list was graded from 1 to 9 [least to very important], by an expert and a patient panel. In stage 3, the expert panel ranked important outcomes from 1 to 10 [least to most important]. Descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed.ResultsThe final item list developed in stage 1 was tested by the expert [n = 74 participants, 52.7% paediatric] and patient panel [n = 61, aged 16–25 years, 49.2% male]. Respectively, ten and 11 items were found to be important by the expert and patient panel. Both panels agreed on eight of these items, of which six reflected self-management skills. In stage 3, the expert panel formed a top-ten list. The three most important items were: decision-making regarding IBD [mean score 6.7], independent communication [mean score 6.3] and patient satisfaction [mean score 5.8].ConclusionThis is the first study identifying outcomes that IBD healthcare providers and patients deem important factors for successful transition. Self-management skills were considered more important than IBD-specific items. This is a first step to further define success of transition in IBD and subsequently evaluate the efficacy of different transition models.
E-cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in the United States According to Frequency of E-cigarette Use and Quitting Duration: Analysis of the 2016 and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E , Niaura Raymond 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking cessation among US adults. Duration of smoking cessation was taken into consideration because e-cigarette awareness and use were low in the United States before 2010.

Methods
A pooled analysis of the 2016 and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys on current (N = 9935) and former smokers (N = 14 754) was performed. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs), for sociodemographic factors, were calculated.

Findings
Current e-cigarette use was reported by 10.5% (95% CI = 9.8% to 11.3%) of current smokers and 4.5% (95% CI = 4.0% to 5.0%) of former smokers. Prevalence was high in former smokers of less than 1 year (16.8%, 95% CI = 13.9% to 20.2%), 1–3 years (15.0%, 95% CI = 13.0% to 17.3%), and 4–6 years (10.5%, 95% CI = 8.6% to 12.7%), and very low in former smokers of more than 6 years (0.7%, 95% CI = 0.5% to 0.9%). Similar patterns were observed for daily e-cigarette use. Current e-cigarette use was negatively associated with being a former smoker when quit duration was ignored (aPR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.69) but was positively associated with being a former smoker of less than 1 year (aPR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.84) and 1–3 years (aPR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.42). Daily e-cigarette use was not associated with being a former smoker when quit duration was ignored but was positively associated with being a former smoker of less than 1 year (aPR = 3.44, 95% CI = 2.63 to 4.49), 1–3 years (aPR = 2.51, 95% CI = 2.13 to 2.95), and 4–6 years (aPR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.49 to 2.26).

Conclusions
Daily e-cigarette use is strongly associated with recent smoking cessation (≤6 years) among US adults. Frequency of e-cigarette use and smoking cessation duration are important parameters when analyzing the effects of e-cigarettes in population surveys.

Implications
There is controversy on whether e-cigarettes promote or prevent smoking cessation. This study presents a detailed analysis of the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation in the United States considering frequency of e-cigarette use and duration of smoking cessation. The latter was considered appropriate because e-cigarette awareness and use were low in the United States before 2010. Daily e-cigarette use is strongly associated with recent (≤6 years) smoking cessation in the United States. Both frequency of e-cigarette use and duration of smoking cessation are important factors in determining the effects of e-cigarettes in population studies.
Capturing the complexity of mental disorders in the medically ill: the network approach on behavioral medicine
Authors: van der Lee Marije L , Schellekens Melanie P J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Since Descartes introduced dualism, body and mind have been seen as separate entities. The latent disease model, the view that symptoms are caused by an underlying disease, was possible within the dualistic paradigm. This paradigm, although successful in some aspects of medicine, is also assumed to underlie psychiatric disorders. As an alternative to the latent disease model, the network approach conceptualizes disorders as complex networks of causally connected symptoms. It offers a new way of understanding psychiatric disorders by directing attention away from the underlying cause and towards the symptoms and their functional interconnectedness, making the distinction between mental and physical symptoms obsolete. This article discusses how the network perspective helps us to overcome some of the problems we have faced when diagnosing and treating psychopathology in the medically ill. Furthermore, we describe how the network perspective can stimulate new research to better understand psychopathology in medically ill patients and how it can help deliver the most suitable treatment to the individual patient.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnant Women: A Review of Pregnancy Outcomes and an Approach to Management
Authors: Dominguez J.E. , Krystal A.D. , Habib A.S. 
Published: February 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2018;127:1167–1177)
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is often comorbid with obesity; among obese pregnant women, 15% to 20% have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and prevalence increases with body mass index (BMI). Untreated OSA has been associated with a range of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic comorbidities. The authors of this review discussed pregnancy as a vulnerable period for the development or worsening of OSA, associations between OSA and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, current screening modalities for OSA in pregnancy, and current recommendations regarding peripartum management of OSA.
Neonatal Morbidity Associated With Vaginal Delivery of Noncephalic Second Twins
Authors: Schmitz T. , Korb D. , Battie C. , Cordier A.G. , de Carne Carnavalet C. , Chauleur C. , Equy V. , Haddad B. , Lemercier D. , Poncelet C. , Rigonnot L. , Goffinet F. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:449.e1–e13)
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine have recommended vaginal deliveries be attempted in women with cephalic/cephalic and cephalic/noncephalic presenting twins. However, survey data revealed >40% of US practitioners are reluctant to perform breech extractions in noncephalic second twins and prefer to perform cesarean deliveries. A national prospective Jumeaux Mode d’Accouchement (JUMODA) study was conducted to evaluate the management of twin deliveries and assess neonatal mortality and morbidity according to second twin presentation after vaginal birth of the first twin at ≥32 weeks of gestation. This was a planned secondary analysis of the JUMODA cohort.
Embracing Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives in Defining Trainee Competence
Authors: Lundsgaard Kristine Sarauw , Tolsgaard Martin G. , Mortensen Ole Steen , Mylopoulos Maria , Østergaard Doris 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
To explore how multiple stakeholder groups contribute to the understanding of trainee competence.

Method
The authors conducted a constructivist qualitative study in 2015 using focus group discussions to explore the perceptions of different stakeholder groups (patients, nurses/nurse practitioners, supervisors/senior physicians, leaders/administrators, trainees) regarding trainee competence in the emergency department. The authors used a conventional content analysis, a comparative analysis of supervisors’/senior physicians’ versus other stakeholders’ perspectives, and a directed analysis informed by stakeholder theory to analyze the focus group transcripts.

Results
Forty-six individuals participated in nine focus groups. Four categories of competence were identified: Core Clinical Activities, Patient Centeredness, Aligning Resources, and Code of Conduct. Stakeholders generally agreed in their overall expectations regarding trainee competence. Within individual categories, each stakeholder group identified new considerations, details, and conflicts, which were a replication, elaboration, or complication of a previously identified theme. All stakeholders stressed those aspects of trainee competence that were relevant to their work or values. Trainees were less aware of the patient perspective than that of the other stakeholder groups.

Conclusions
Considering multiple stakeholder perspectives enriched the description and conceptualization of trainee competence. It also can inform the development of curricula and assessment tools and guide learning about inter- and intradisciplinary conflicts. Further research should explore how trainees’ perceptions of value are influenced by their organizational context and, in particular, how trainees adapt their learning goals in response to the divergent demands of key stakeholders.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Sepsis: A Phase 1b Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Study of Antiprogrammed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody (BMS-936559)*
Authors: Hotchkiss Richard S. , Colston Elizabeth , Yende Sachin , Angus Derek C. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Crouser Elliott D. , Martin Greg S. , Coopersmith Craig M. , Brakenridge Scott , Mayr Florian B. , Park Pauline K. , Ye June , Catlett Ian M. , Girgis Ihab G. , Grasela Dennis M. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
To assess for the first time the safety and pharmacokinetics of an antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (BMS-936559; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) and its effect on immune biomarkers in participants with sepsis-associated immunosuppression.

Design:
Randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation.

Setting:
Seven U.S. hospital ICUs.

Study Population:
Twenty-four participants with sepsis, organ dysfunction (hypotension, acute respiratory failure, and/or acute renal injury), and absolute lymphocyte count less than or equal to 1,100 cells/μL.

Interventions:
Participants received single-dose BMS-936559 (10–900 mg; n = 20) or placebo (n = 4) infusions. Primary endpoints were death and adverse events; key secondary endpoints included receptor occupancy and monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR levels.

Measurements and Main Results:
The treated group was older (median 62 yr treated pooled vs 46 yr placebo), and a greater percentage had more than 2 organ dysfunctions (55% treated pooled vs 25% placebo); other baseline characteristics were comparable. Overall mortality was 25% (10 mg dose: 2/4; 30 mg: 2/4; 100 mg: 1/4; 300 mg: 1/4; 900 mg: 0/4; placebo: 0/4). All participants had adverse events (75% grade 1–2). Seventeen percent had a serious adverse event (3/20 treated pooled, 1/4 placebo), with none deemed drug-related. Adverse events that were potentially immune-related occurred in 54% of participants; most were grade 1–2, none required corticosteroids, and none were deemed drug-related. No significant changes in cytokine levels were observed. Full receptor occupancy was achieved for 28 days after BMS-936559 (900 mg). At the two highest doses, an apparent increase in monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression (> 5,000 monoclonal antibodies/cell) was observed and persisted beyond 28 days.

Conclusions:
In this first clinical evaluation of programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 pathway inhibition in sepsis, BMS-936559 was well tolerated, with no evidence of drug-induced hypercytokinemia or cytokine storm, and at higher doses, some indication of restored immune status over 28 days. Further randomized trials on programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 pathway inhibition are needed to evaluate its clinical safety and efficacy in patients with sepsis.
Treatment of Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest in the Pediatric Drowning Victim, a Case Report, and Systematic Review
Authors: Bauman Brent D. , Louiselle Amanda , Nygaard Rachel M. , Vakayil Victor , Acton Robert , Hess Donavan , Saltzman Daniel , Kreykes Nathaniel , Fischer Gwenyth , Louie Jeffrey , Segura Bradley 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
Drowning is the second leading cause of death in children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become the criterion standard therapy to resuscitate the hypothermic drowning victim in cardiac arrest. We present our own experience treating 5 children with hypothermic cardiac arrest in conjunction with a systematic review to analyze clinical features predictive of survival.

Methods
Our search resulted in 55 articles. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) younger than 18 years, (2) ECMO therapy, and (3) drowning. Ten articles met our inclusion criteria. We included studies using both central and peripheral ECMO and salt or fresh water submersions. We compared clinical features of survivors to nonsurvivors.

Results
A total of 29 patients from the 10 different studies met our criteria. Data analyzed included presenting cardiac rhythm, time to initiation of ECMO, submersion time, pH, potassium, lactate, duration of chest compressions, and survival. There was a significant increase in mortality for presenting rhythm of asystole and with hyperkalemia (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an important resuscitation tool for the hypothermic drowning victim. Hyperkalemia and presenting cardiac rhythm correlate with survival although they are not reasons to end resuscitation. More studies are needed to compare the outcomes in using ECMO for the hypothermic drowning victim.
Pediatric firearm incidents: It is time to decrease on-scene mortality
Authors: Friedman Jessica , Hoof Marcus , Smith Alison , Tatum Danielle , Ibraheem Kareem , Guidry Chrissy , Schroll Rebecca , Duchesne Juan , McGrew Patrick 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Previous epidemiological studies on pediatric firearm mortality have focused on overall mortality rather than on-scene mortality. Despite advances in trauma care, the number of potentially preventable deaths remains high. This study used the National Emergency Medical Services Information Systems database to characterize patterns of on-scene mortality in order to identify patients who may benefit from changes to prehospital care practices.

METHODS
National Emergency Medical Services Information Systems database was searched for all pediatric firearm incidents from 2010 to 2015. Data on demographics, anatomic location of injury, intent and location of incident, and on-scene mortality were analyzed using Student’s t test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables. A linear regression model was used to calculate independent predictors of mortality.

RESULTS
Sixteen thousand eight hundred eight patients were identified, with a mortality rate of 6.1%. Most mortalities suffered cardiac arrest on-scene; 72.6% of these were prior to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival, which carried a significantly higher mortality rate than arrest after EMS arrival. No difference was seen in anatomic location of injury in those who arrested before and after EMS arrival. Compressible injuries were most common with the lowest mortality. Noncompressible injuries together accounted for 25.8% of injuries and 23.5% of mortalities.

CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the largest study of on-scene mortality in pediatric firearm injury. Cardiac arrest prior to EMS arrival was a considerable source of on-scene mortality; significantly more of these patients died than those who arrested after EMS arrival. The mortality of compressible injuries was very low, implying that use of compression and tourniquets have been effective in stopping life-threatening extremity bleeding. Noncompressible injury mortality could be decreased with education of bystanders and more aggressive on-scene intervention. Through the evaluation of on-scene mortality specifically, this study offers insight into potential areas of focus to improve prehospital care of pediatric gunshot victims.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care management, level IV.