bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in heart transplant patients with suspected cardiac rejection
Authors: Miller Robert J. H. , Thomson Louise , Levine Ryan , Dimbil Sadia J. , Patel Jignesh , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Kransdorf Evan , Li Debiao , Berman Daniel S. , Tamarappoo Balaji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDistinct histopathologic changes occur in acute cellular rejection (ACR), antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), and biopsy‐negative rejection (BNR). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)‐based myocardial tissue characterization can be used to quantify these changes. We assessed T1, T2, and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by CMR in patients with subtypes of rejection. T1, T2, and ECV were quantified at the mid‐ventricular level and compared between patients with and without rejection. The association between quantitative tissue characteristics and the combined outcome of death, retransplantation, heart failure hospitalization, or myocardial infarction was evaluated with a Cox‐proportional hazards model. In 46 patients, mean age 53.3 ± 13.7 years, 71.7% male, at a median of 7.4 years from transplant, average myocardial T1 was increased in BNR compared with no rejection (1057 vs 1012 msec, P = .006). Average myocardial T2 was elevated in all types of rejection, P < .05. In a cox‐proportional hazards model, higher T2 values were associated with an increase in the combined clinical outcome (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06‐1.37, P = .004) after adjusting for left ventricular mass index. Myocardial tissue characteristics are abnormal in all subtypes of rejection, and abnormal T2 quantified by CMR provides additional prognostic value.
Harm from other people′s drinking among college students in India
Authors: Rani Anjana , Jaisoorya T.S. , Menon Priya G. , Nair B. Sivasankaran , Jeevan C.R. , Radhakrishnan K.S. , Jayarajan Deepak , Adhin B. , Thennarasu K. , Benegal Vivek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThere is a paucity of studies on the harms experienced by college students from India due to others′ drinking, despite their increased risk. We studied the prevalence and correlates of harm from others′ drinking among college students in the state of Kerala, India.Design and MethodsA total of 5784 students from 58 colleges completed a self‐administered questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization—Thai Health Harm to Others from Drinking Master Protocol and other structured instruments to assess correlates. The frequencies of various harms were determined and a mixed effect multivariable negative binomial regression model was used to identify the factors responsible for harms.ResultsOf the 4487 valid responses, 68.3% were females. The mean age of the sample was 19.5 years. Harm from others′ drinking was reported by 68.7% of respondents. Among various harm domains, psychological harm was reported by 65.7%, physical by 15.2%, financial by 20.9%, and property harm by 5.0%. Strangers were the most common perpetrators. Being male and having a part‐time job increased harms. Increasing age, urban residence, and staying in a hostel were correlated with psychological—but not physical—harm. Subjects who reported harm had higher odds of reporting alcohol use and psychological distress. ‘Any harm’ or psychological harm was associated with suicidal thoughts; only physical harm was correlated with suicidal attempts.Discussion and ConclusionsThe high prevalence of harms from others′ drinking and its negative correlates underscore the need for colleges to focus on second‐hand effects in programs for tackling alcohol use.
Effects of sitagliptin on gastric emptying of, and the glycaemic and blood pressure responses to, a carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stevens Julie E. , Buttfield Madeline , Wu Tongzhi , Hatzinikolas Seva , Pham Hung , Lange Kylie , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on gastric emptying (GE) of a high‐carbohydrate meal and associated glycaemic and blood pressure (BP) responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsFourteen patients with T2DM (nine men, five women; age 67.8 ± 1.5 years; body mass index 31.2 ± 0.9 kg/m2; T2DM duration: 4.2 ± 0.9 years; glycated haemoglobin: 46 ± 1.8 mmol/mol [6.4% ± 0.2%]), managed by diet and/or metformin, underwent concurrent measurements of GE, BP and plasma glucose for 240 minutes after ingestion of a radiolabelled mashed potato meal after receiving sitagliptin (100 mg) or placebo in randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion on 2 consecutive days.ResultsSitagliptin reduced postprandial plasma glucose (P < .005) without affecting GE (P = .88). The magnitude of the glucose‐lowering effect (change in incremental area under the curve0–240 min from placebo to sitagliptin) was related to GE (kcal/min) on placebo (r = 0.68, P = .008) There was a comparable fall in systolic BP (P = .80) following the meal, with no difference between the 2 days.ConclusionsIn T2DM, while sitagliptin has no effect on either GE or postprandial BP, its ability to lower postprandial glucose are dependent on the basal rate of GE.
An animal model of genetic predisposition to develop acquired epileptogenesis: The FAST and SLOW rats
Authors: Leung Wai Lam , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo , Sharma Pragati , Perucca Piero , Powell Kim , O'Brien Terence J. , Semple Bridgette D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpidemiological data and gene association studies suggest a genetic predisposition to developing epilepsy after an acquired brain insult, such as traumatic brain injury. An improved understanding of genetic determinants of vulnerability is imperative for early disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction, with flow‐on benefits for the development of targeted antiepileptogenic treatments as well as optimal clinical trial design. In the laboratory, one approach to investigate why some individuals are more vulnerable to acquired epilepsy than others is to examine unique rodent models exhibiting either vulnerability or resistance to epileptogenesis. This review focuses on the most well‐characterized of these models, the FAST (seizure‐prone) and SLOW (seizure‐resistant) rat strains, which were derived by selective breeding for differential amygdala electrical kindling rates. We describe how these strains differ in their seizure profiles, neuroanatomy, and neurobehavioral phenotypes, both at baseline and after a brain insult, with this knowledge proving fruitful to identify common pathological abnormalities associated with seizure susceptibility and psychiatric comorbidities. It is important to note that accruing data on strain differences in multiple biological processes provides insight into why some individuals may be more vulnerable to epileptogenesis, although future studies are evidently needed to identify the precise molecular and genetic risk factors. Together, the FAST and SLOW rat strains, and other similar experimental models, are invaluable neurobiological tools to investigate the effect of genetic background on acquired epilepsy risk, as well as the poorly understood relationship between epilepsy development and associated comorbidities.
The effect of density on aggression between a highly invasive and native fish
Authors: Lopez Laura K. , Davis Andrew R. , Wong Marian Y. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPopulation densities of invasive species fluctuate spatially and temporally, suggesting that the intensity of their aggressive interactions with native species is similarly variable. Although inter‐specific aggression is often thought to increase with population density, it is often theorized that it should be exceeded by intra‐specific aggression since conspecifics share a greater degree of resource overlap. Yet, the magnitude of intra‐specific aggression is seldom considered when examining aggressive interactions, particularly those between invasive and native species. Here, we manipulated the density of the invasive eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, and observed its aggressive interactions with juveniles of the native Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata in a laboratory setting. For both species, the magnitudes of intra‐ and inter‐specific aggression were recorded. Regardless of density, the native M. novemaculeata was more aggressive towards heterospecifics than G. holbrooki was. In addition to this, M. novemaculeata was more aggressive to G. holbrooki than towards conspecifics, at both low‐ and high‐density conditions. In contrast, G. holbrooki was similarly aggressive towards M. novemaculeata and G. holbrooki at a high density, yet at low density, displayed significantly more aggression towards conspecifics than M. novemaculeata. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering intra‐specific aggression when exploring behavioural interactions between native and invasive species.
“Reverse” sexual dichromatism in a Neotropical frog
Authors: Engelbrecht‐Wiggans Emily , Tumulty James P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSexual dichromatism is widespread among animals, but examples of “reverse” sexual dichromatism, in which females are more brightly colored than males, are extremely rare. We discovered a unique case of reverse sexual dichromatism in the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei), a diurnal Neotropical frog. Females are bright “golden” in color, and males are drab tan with brown pigmentation that darkens when they are calling. Here, we document this color variation with calibrated digital photography and further show that there is no evidence for sex‐specific habitat matching; both sexes live in the same well‐lit habitat on green bromeliad leaves. Our results suggest that color variation in this species is an intraspecific signal and provide an important exception to the general expectation that males are more visually conspicuous in species with conventional sex roles.
Aerodynamic load spectrum and fatigue behaviour of high‐speed train's equipment cabin
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Lin , Wang Zhonggang , Ding Sansan , Shan Yonglin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn present study, the aerodynamic fatigue behaviour of train equipment cabin was investigated. Pressure sensors were arranged at train passing side. Eight‐grade load spectrum was constructed by means of rain‐flow counting, and fatigue damage was calculated with Miner's rule and Carten‐Dolan rule, both for the matrix metals and welds. For welds, defect detection was considered via visual inspection with nondestructive test (VI‐NDT), pure nondestructive test (P‐NDT), and without nondestructive test (W‐NDT). The result confirms that welds play an unfavourable role rather than matrix metals. Weld damage in W‐NDT exceeds its limit (1.0) to designed mileage. Then, damage influence was studied under tunnel passing, train passing, and running direction. Running direction as the head car contributes 82% to approximately 86% and 70% to approximately 77% of the total damage for matrix metal and welds, respectively. Train passing gives more damage to matrix metals than welds. Tunnel passing contributes 25% to approximately 26% for both matrix metals and welds.
Application of biophysical and skin imaging techniques to evaluate the film‐forming effect of cosmetic formulations
Authors: de Melo M.O. , Maia Campos P.M.B.G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveProducts with film‐forming effect, or ‘second skin’, which guarantees an immediate protective effect after application, is a highlight, especially when composed of natural ingredients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate film‐forming effect on skin of a gel and emulsion formulations added with Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caesalpinia spinosa extracts through biophysical and skin imaging techniques, especially with the Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM).MethodsThe measurements were done in the forearm region before (baseline) and 1 h after of application of the developed formulation and its control. The parameters related to the stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), cutaneous microrelief and morphological and structural characteristics of the epidermis were analysed through the following biophysical and skin imaging techniques: Corneometer® CM 825, Tewameter® TM 300, Visioscan® VC98 and Vivascope® 1500, respectively. A sensorial analysis was also performed to study how the formulations were perceived on the skin.ResultsThe obtained results showed that the active ingredient under study allows the film formation on the skin surface, leading to a reduction of TEWL and skin desquamation. The obtained images from RCM showed a reduction of furrows on the skin surface and a film formation after a single application of the formulations. However, these effects were more pronounced in the emulsion formulation, which suggests a synergistic effect of the active ingredient under study with the emollients of formulation composition. This result was also observed in the sensorial analysis, as both formulations added with the active substance were well evaluated.ConclusionThe presence of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caesalpinia spinosa extracts in the studied cosmetic formulations, enabled a film formation on a skin surface, bringing benefits as a reduction of transepidermal water loss and skin desquamation, as well as a furrows reduction and an improvement of stratum corneum after 1 h of application. Finally, the skin imaging techniques can be suggested as an excellent tool to evaluate a film‐forming effect of cosmetic formulations.
Internet-based pharmacy and centralised dispensing: an exploratory mixed-methods study of the views of family practice staff
Authors: Hall Nicola , Wilkes Scott , Sherwood John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Over the last decade, technological advances, market competition and increasing pressures for efficiencies across healthcare systems have resulted in changes to the processes and policies involved in medicines prescribing and dispensing. The aim of this study was to explore the views of family practice staff, including GPs, on the perceived impact of changes associated with remote dispensing and the increasing availability of distance-selling pharmacies.

Methods
Exploratory mixed-methods study using qualitative focus groups and an online cross-sectional survey distributed to a non-probability sample of staff from family practices across England. Survey items were developed based on existing literature and initial thematic analysis from the focus groups and adapted using cognitive interviewing techniques.

Key findings
Findings suggest that family practice staff believe that where and how prescriptions are dispensed impacts on their practice and patients. Frequent contact with distance-selling pharmacies is not common; however, highlighted concerns included patient safety issues and the potential threat to the loss of valued elements and sustainability of community pharmacy and dispensing practices. Identified concerns and experiences are unlikely to be routinely discussed within or between practices, limiting opportunities for shared learning and consideration of the potential impact of changes to dispensing processes and policies.

Conclusions
Further research is needed to confirm these exploratory findings, due to the low response rate and sample size. Findings, nevertheless, highlight how wider changes in dispensing processes may have unintended consequences on other aspects of the healthcare system.
The choanoderm of Sycettusa hastifera (Calcarea, Porifera) is able to generate new individuals
Authors: Lanna Emilio , Klautau Michelle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the main characteristics of sponges is their capacity for cell dedifferentiation. This capability can allow an impressive amount of asexual reproduction in these animals, because they are able to develop new individuals from just a few somatic cells. Studies of dedifferentiation, however, have focused mainly on sponges of the class Demospongiae. Therefore, we investigated here whether individuals of three different species of Calcarea are able to reconstitute new individuals following artificial fragmentation. We observed that fragmentation releases clumps of choanoderm able to initiate somatic embryogenesis. In Borojevia brasiliensis (asconoid aquiferous system, subclass Calcinea) and Paraleucilla magna (leuconoid aquiferous system, subclass Calcaronea), these clumps started to develop, but they did not pass through the first developmental phases. In Sycettusa hastifera (syconoid aquiferous system, subclass Calcaronea), the choanoderm was reorganized into primmorphs that fused to each other and formed an exopinacoderm. The first primmorphs’ spicules were triactines. Despite a large mortality rate, the primmorphs developed into olynthus stages. The somatic embryogenesis and the metamorphosis of the olynthus were similar to those observed during the sexual development of this and other calcareous sponge species. Our results show that in S. hastifera, and perhaps in other syconoid calcareous sponges, somatic embryogenesis occurs mainly from choanocytes, at least in vitro. However, primmorph development does not follow the same pattern observed in post‐metamorphic sexual development, as in that case diactines are always the first spicules to be synthesized in calcaronean species.
The Discursive Construction of Europe in Italy in the Age of Permanent Austerity
Authors: Cozzolino Adriano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCombining a Critical International Political Economy theoretical perspective with Critical Discourse Analysis, the article explores, from the late 1980s to present and across the party‐system, the characteristics of the discursive construction of Europe in Italy as a source of legitimation and naturalization of the country's permanent fiscal adjustment and economic restructuring. Through an original analysis of the official policy documents enacted by Italian governments, I show that the resort to Europe and 'risanamento' (permanent fiscal adjustment) are discursively constructed, by domestic political forces, as legitimating strategies to tackle fiscal profligacy and restore growth, notwithstanding the fact that in Italy (1) primary state budget has been in surplus from the early 1990s, (2) economic growth has been mediocre since the 1990s, and (3) social inequalities and macroeconomic imbalances have risen sharply, especially after 2008 crisis due to prolonged austerity measures. Furthermore, in contrast to the literature that sees Italian Europeanization as a pathway of virtuous economic and political change favoured by supranational integration, I argue that the discursive strategies developed by Italian political elites to legitimate change in national political economy should be broadly conceived, and analysed, as organic to neoliberalism and austerity as international hegemonic projects.
Associations between infant and toddler regulatory problems, childhood co‐developing internalising and externalising trajectories, and adolescent depression, psychotic and borderline personality disorder symptoms
Authors: Winsper Catherine , Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundEarly regulatory problems (RPs) are associated with childhood internalising and externalising symptoms. Internalising and externalising symptoms, in turn, are associated with adolescent psychopathology (e.g. personality disorders, depression). We examined whether RPs are directly associated with adolescent psychopathology, or whether associations are indirect via childhood internalising and externalising symptoms.MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mothers reported on their child's RPs at 6, 15–18 and 24–30 months, and internalising and externalising symptoms at 4, 7, 8 and 9.5 years. Adolescent psychotic, depression and BPD symptoms were assessed at 11–12 years. Children were grouped by their patterns of co‐developing internalising and externalising symptoms using parallel process latent class growth analysis (PP‐LCGA). Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect associations from RPs to the three adolescent outcomes.ResultsThere were four groups of children with distinct patterns of co‐developing internalising and externalising (INT/EXT) symptoms. Most children (53%) demonstrated low–moderate and stable levels of INT/EXT symptoms. A small proportion (7.7%) evidenced moderate and increasing INT and high stable EXT symptoms: this pattern was strongly predictive of adolescent psychopathology (e.g. depression at 11 years: unadjusted odds ratio = 5.62; 95% confidence intervals = 3.82, 8.27). The other two groups were differentially associated with adolescent outcomes (i.e. moderate–high increasing INT/moderate decreasing EXT predicted mother‐reported depression at 12, while low stable INT/moderate–high stable EXT predicted child‐reported depression at 11). In path analysis, RPs at each time‐point were significantly indirectly associated with symptoms of BPD and child‐ and mother‐reported depression symptoms via the most severe class of INT/EXT symptoms.ConclusionsConsistent with a cascade model of development, RPs are predictive of higher levels of co‐developing INT/EXT symptoms, which in turn increase risk of adolescent psychopathology. Clinicians should be aware of, and treat, early RPs to prevent chronic psychopathology.
DNA barcoding of marine fishes from Saudi Arabian waters of the Gulf
Authors: Rabaoui Lotfi , Yacoubi Lamia , Sanna Daria , Casu Marco , Scarpa Fabio , Lin Yu‐Jia , Shen Kang‐Ning , Clardy Todd R. , Arculeo Marco , Qurban Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (coI) gene DNA to barcode 117 endemic Gulf and cosmopolitan Indo–West Pacific fish species belonging to 54 families and 13 orders. Novel DNA barcodes were provided for 18 fish species (Trachinocephalus sp., Nematalosa sp., Herklotsichthys lossei, Upeneus doriae, Trachurus indicus, Apogonichthyoides taeniatus, Verulux cypselurus, Favonigobius sp., Suezichthus gracilis, Sillago sp., Brachirus orientalis, Pegusa sp., Lepidotrigla bispinosa, Lepidotrigla sp., Grammoplites suppositus, Hippichthys sp., Paramonacanthus sp. and Triacanthus sp.). The species delimitation analysis, conducted with Poisson tree processes– Bayesian PTP (PTP–bPTP) and nucleotide‐divergence‐threshold (NDT) models), found 137 and 119 entities respectively. Overall, NDT method, neighbour‐joining species tree and the prior taxonomic assessment provided similar results. Among the 54 families considered, only 10 (Ariommatidae, Ephippidae, Leiognathidae, Nemipteridae, Plotosidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Priacanthidae and Rachycentridae) showed the occurrence of molecular diagnostic pure characters. The DNA barcoding database developed during this study will help ichthyologists to identify and resolve the taxonomic ambiguities they may encounter with the fishes occurring in The Gulf and throughout the region.