bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Health in the English Language”: A Partnership With the Alaska Literacy Program
Authors: Sarkar Jinia , Salyards Arreyellen , Riley Joan 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Health literacy is an issue that is influenced by social determinants and improved by community-based initiatives. Enhancing health literacy can lead to patient engagement, appropriate use of health care, and improved health outcomes. Understanding the community stories by working with vulnerable populations, such as English language learners (ELL), can help inform other health literacy projects on how to enable ELL immigrants to be involved in their health care.

Brief Description of Activity:
“Health in the English Language” was an 8-week course based on the social view of health literacy that was created and taught by university students. This curriculum was implemented at the Alaska Literacy Program (ALP) during the summer of 2018 in Anchorage, Alaska. Course participants were adult ELL.

Implementation:
Throughout the summer, the course curriculum was adapted to fit students' needs. Course participants completed open-ended evaluations during the class, and feedback was obtained via interviews with leaders in the community and leaders at ALP. Community organizations were brought into the classroom using resource sheets and an end-of-course community health fair.

Results:
Student evaluations identified important themes of managing health care and medications, as well as learning new words. Feedback from ALP and community partners highlighted active teaching styles and how the course benefited the community. The results reflect the impact the course had on increasing student confidence, knowledge, and skills to interact with health care providers. The course created a culture that facilitated the ability of immigrant community members to access health resources. The feedback received demonstrated the importance of university students partnering with nonprofits to create effective health literacy programs that are community centered.

Lessons learned:

Similar programs can be replicated using community and university partnerships to address health literacy problems.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S79–S87.]

Plain Language Summary:
The course “Health in the English Language” was created to teach English and skills to understand health information to English language learners. The course leaders worked with community-based organizations. A variety of content, such as going to the doctor's office, reading medication labels, describing symptoms, and staying healthy, was included.
Trends in the performance of Syrian physicians in the National Resident Matching Program® between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Alsayid Muhammad , Jandali Iman S , Alahdab Fares 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose: International medical graduates (IMGs) make up one-fourth of the physician workforce in the US and a significant proportion of them come from Syria. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of Syrian physicians seeking residency positions in the US and to examine the effects of visa restrictions on their Match outcome. Methods: An online survey administered to IMGs from Syria was used to probe their residency application characteristics as well as their experiences with visa restrictions. We evaluated the factors that affected their Match outcome and number of interviews offered to applicants. Results: A total of 223 IMGs from Syria completed the survey with an average match rate of 70.4% (76.6% in 2017 vs. 69.9% in 2018 vs. 64.4% in 2019). The proportion of applicants who required visas was 29.2%. In a multivariate analysis, higher USMLE Step 2CK score increased the match rate, whereas requiring a visa and failure in any USMLE exam decreased the match rate. Among those requiring visa, the match rate decreased from 78.6% in the cycle before the travel ban (2017) to 64.9% in the cycles following the travel ban (2018 and 2019) (P = 0.22). Similarly, the total number of interviews offered to these applicants decreased significantly following the travel ban (9.4 [7.5] vs. 6.2 [5.3], P = 0.04). Conclusion: Syrian IMGs seeking residency positions in the US have a higher match rate than non-US IMGs. Requiring a visa and failing any USMLE exam negatively impacted the match rate and number of interview invitations to Syrian applicants.
Are cardiac patients in Saudi Arabia provided adequate instructions when they should not drive?
Authors: Abazid Rami M , Ewid Mohammed , Sherif Hossam , Smettei Osama A , Salim Khan Abdul , Altorbag Abdullah A , Alharbi Mohammad F , Aljaber Abdulrahman N , Alharbi Suliman M , Altorbak Nora A , Altorbak Sarah A , Almeman Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Driving capability can be significantly affected by different heath disorders; cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) should be considered when assessing patients for medical fitness to drive (MFTD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of Saudi patients about driving recommendations and to assess the incidence of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) among cardiac patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study. Male patients diagnosed with CVDs and who were visiting outpatient departments were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their awareness of driving recommendations. Patients’ demographics, clinical diagnosis, echocardiography parameters, and time-to-CVD diagnosis were all obtained from the patients’ medical records. Women were excluded because it was illegal for women to drive in Saudi Arabia during the study period. Results: In total, 800 men were included, with a mean age of 54 ± 12 years. Driving counseling had been provided to 241 participants (30%). Of these, 207 (25%) were advised not to drive for a period of between one week and six months. Five percent of the patients had a history of MVAs during the follow-up period of 6.2 ± 4 years. We found that the presence of a dyspnea ≥2, according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA), and a history of loss of consciousness (syncope/pre-syncope) were significantly associated with accidents (46% vs. 20%, P < 0.0001 and 41% vs. 10%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Patient–physician discussion about MFTD was only performed with 30% of the patients with CVDs in Saudi Arabia. Dyspnea NYHA class ≥2 or a prior history of syncope were significantly associated with the incidence of MVAs.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among university female students, Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Al-Hindi Adnan , Redwan Amira A , El-egla Ghada O , Abu Qassem Razan R , Alshammari Ayed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The intestinal parasites are still endemic among children, women, and men in Gaza Strip. Objectives: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of intestinal parasites among young female students of Islamic University of Gaza to report the existence and prevalence of intestinal parasites. Methods: A total of 305 stool samples were collected from female students in all faculties and were examined by wet mount and formal ether sedimentation technique. Results: This study showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.6%. The detected intestinal parasites were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.5%), Giardia lamblia (4.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.3%), Entamoeba coli (2.6%), Dientamoeba fragilis (1.0%), and Blastocystis hominis (3.9%). Science students showed the highest prevalence for parasitic infections (35.3%), and married students (16.7%) had higher prevalence than single students (6.5%). Conclusion: It was concluded that female students also are under risk of gaining parasitic infection in spite of their education. It is recommended that university students should be subjected to regular medical examinations for parasitic infections.
The Power of Ethics: Rethinking Leadership Roles at Workplaces
Authors: Tripathy Mitashree 
Published: October 2019

<p>In the past leadership roles at workplaces looked only into bringing profits to organizations, compete with each other and create a brand image come what may. The emergence of incorporating moral and ethical codes developed when both employees and leaders of organizations big and small got involved into unethical practices which lead to tremendous loss in business and involved legal cases. Not only the reputation of such companies got tarnished but gradually they started losing their authenticity in the business world. Surprisingly, moral codes and ethical standards always existed in the organizations’ policies but their relevance was recognised only in the twenty first century when business organizations began to merge and expand worldwide because of globalization and the system changed forever. Organizations today simply cannot compromise with unethical practices and values. Today, organizations believe that good leadership is not merely competing, bringing profits and creating image but also transforming workplaces and bringing changes in the lives of people through ethics. Studies reveal that the integration of ethics within leadership roles can bring significant benefits at workplaces. Morally upright leaders foster good business, encourage excellent task performance, make powerful decisions and nurture corporate vision. This paper studies the relevance of blending leadership with ethics with a purpose to fetch substantial impact at workplaces. <strong></strong></p>
Qualidade agronômica da cenoura sob níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e adubação orgânica
Authors: Santos Barbara Davis Brito dos , Silva Patrícia Ferreira da , Matos Rigoberto Moreira de , Borges Vitoria Ediclécia , Neto Jose Dantas , Lima Vera Lucia Antunes de 
Published: October 2019

Propôs-se com a presente pesquisa avaliar a qualidade agronômica da cenoura sob níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e tipos de adubação orgânica por meio da análise multivariada. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de salinidade da água (S1: 0,7; S2: 1,4; S3: 2,1; S4: 2,8; S5: 3,5 dS m-1) e dois tipos de adubação (solo sem adubação orgânica e solo com adubação orgânica– húmus de minhoca). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições. Aos 90 dias após a emergência foram avaliados altura de plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, diâmetro inferior e superior da raiz, massa fresca e seca da raiz e teor de sólidos totais (°Brix). O uso das técnicas de multivariadas mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil no estudo entre as correlações dos diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e os tipos de adubação, a fim de verificar o efeito na qualidade agronômica de cenoura. O nível de salinidade de 0,7 dSm-1 associada a adubação com húmus de minhoca favoreceu a qualidade agronômica das raízes de cenoura. O efeito da salinidade nos níveis elevados foi atenuado pela adubação orgânica.
Crop Residue Management under Changing Climate Scenario
Authors: Sahu Jubuli , Prasad Muneswar , Sahu Raghubar , Kumar Dharmendra , Mandal Sanjay Kumar , Sohane R. K. 
Published: October 2019

An effort has been made to study the effect of climate change on crop residues and need of crop residue management in present environmental condition. Crop residue management as an important practiced in the rice–wheat cropping system. In present condition, cropping season is shifted according to changing rainfall pattern. In case of wheat and rice-based cropping system, there is a chance of crop loss due to occurrence of rainfall at harvesting stage so, to cope with that situation combine harvesters become more popularize among farmers because of effective harvesting in less time, less effort and minimum labour cost. But it lefts a huge amount of loose straw in their field and farmers face difficulties in the disposal of huge straw in the field in short time has compelled to go for crop residue burning to save time as well labour. Farmers can use that residues in vermi-composting, can be fed to animals after urea treatment etc. without burning. In recent year 30-40% maize crop have been damaged due to hailstorm at its grain filling stage so these residues can be used in making silage. Removal of straw or stover can result in significant loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). If they are used as bedding for livestock, then much of the carbon may be returned to the soil as manure (Lal et al., 1998). When crop-residue is incorporated into soil, the soil’s physical properties and its water-holding capacity are enhanced. Unlike in earlier conservation farming systems wherein retained stubble was mulched and slashed, now it is mostly burned by the farmers. Vermicomposting, waste decomposer, Green Manuring, use of zero tillage machine, silage making and urea treated straw are the best option to crop residue management. The study aimed to examine the present status of crop residue management of major crops and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering eleven blocks in Banka district of Bihar.
Modelos de financiamento público da cultura: estudo comparativo entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos
Authors: Reis Paula Félix dos 
Published: October 2019

<p>Este artigo compara o sistema público de financiamento da cultura do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. Além do exame dos mecanismos de financiamento existentes, o trabalho analisa os principais investimentos públicos realizados nos últimos anos pelo Ministério da Cultura brasileiro e pelo<em>National Endowment for the Arts</em>. </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Financiamento Cultural, Brasil, Estados Unidos<strong>.</strong></p>
Organophosphorus Polymers
Authors: Green Joshua P. , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article discusses polymers containing phosphorus centers that impart essential properties, functions, and responses to the discussed materials. By incorporating this heteroelement, the toolbox for tailoring optical, electronic, and structural properties as well as chemical reactivity is greatly expanded over “carbon” analogs. We discuss unsaturated (e.g., phosphaalkenes), saturated (e.g., phosphine oxides), and cyclic (e.g., phospholes) phosphorus motifs incorporated into conjugated polymers. Such organophosphorus systems are believed to have a bright future in optoelectronic devices, with this being demonstrated in organic light‐emitting diodes as acceptor and emitter materials, and in fundamental studies as responsive sensor systems. Saturated organophosphorus polymers allow for chemical transformations at the phosphorus centers by means of oxidation, metal (Lewis acid) coordination, quaternization, and so on. These modifications and transformations are used in sensing, scavenging, and catalytic systems. Moreover, in this article, we cover selected inorganic polymers, that is, polymers having exclusively inorganic skeletal atoms. These mainly include the polyphosphine and phosphinoborane classes of materials, for which recent fundamental studies have illustrated their potential as ceramic precursors.
Polymerization methods are often similar to those applied in organic polymers, but a large variety of polymerizations have also been specifically developed for phosphorus and other pnictogens, and these have also been employed to synthesize these fascinating materials.
Two middle‐aged women with the Finnish variant of muscle‐eye‐brain disease (MEB)
Authors: Arvio Maria , Määttänen Laura , Haanpää Maria , Lähdetie Jaana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMuscle‐eye‐brain disease (MEB) is a recessively inherited rare disease. Sixteen different gene mutations are known, with the most common mutations in the POMGNT1 gene. The disease is now called congenital muscular dystrophy‐dystroglycanopathy type A3 (MDDGA3). It manifests itself as muscular dystrophy with eye and brain anomalies and intellectual disability. Previous clinical reports describe young patients. We have been able to follow two patients for almost 40 years. Their clinical picture has remained quite stable since adolescence, appearing as severe intellectual and motor disability, extremely limited communication skills, visual impairment, epilepsy, joint contractures, repeated bowel obstructions, teeth abrasion due to bruxism, an irregular sleep pattern and as a previously unreported feature hypothermic periods manifesting as excessive sleepiness.
Thermal properties of nanocellulose‐reinforced composites: A review
Authors: Gan P. G. , Sam S. T. , Abdullah Muhammad Faiq bin , Omar Mohd Firdaus 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNanocellulose has received increasing attention in science and industry in recent years as a nanoscale material for the reinforcement of polymer matrix composites due to its superior mechanical properties, renewability, and biodegradability. New nanocellulose sources, modifications, and treatments are under development to reduce the high energy required during production and to create a more suitable industrial‐scale production process. Thus, this paper reviews plant‐based nanocellulose composites and their properties, with a focus on their thermal‐related characteristics. The purpose of this review is to establish for readers the impact of the incorporation of nanocellulose on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of nanocellulose composites. Understanding of the thermal properties is important for researchers to assess the suitability of the nanocomposites for a variety of applications in response to new and evolving societal requirements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48544.
2019 Papua New Guinea economic survey
Authors: Howes Stephen , Fox Rohan , Laveil Maholopa , Nguyen Bao H. , Sum Dek Joe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough official statistics show that an economic recovery is underway in Papua New Guinea, the country's new Prime Minister has stated that the economy is “bleeding and struggling.” Disappointing 2019 first‐half‐year revenue results and the reintensification of foreign exchange shortages suggest that last year's (nonresource) recovery, which was based on unsustainable fiscal expansion, has not endured; that this year's growth statistics may need to be further revised downwards; and that the government's growth and fiscal challenges are once again intensifying. The new government's governance reforms are promising; but they are no substitute for reviewing exchange rate and fiscal policy, perhaps by turning to the International Monetary Fund for advice and support to address the problems it has inherited, including in relation to arrears, guarantees, and state‐owned enterprise debt.
A serine protease‐associated lectin in the cytolytic system of blowfly (Chrysomya megacephala) larvae: Evidence and characterization
Authors: Paulchamy Ramaraj , Sreeramulu Bhuvaragavan , Karuppiah Hilda , Arumugam Ganesh , Sundaram Janarthanan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCytolytic activity against invading microorganisms is one of the innate forms of immunity in invertebrates. A serine protease‐associated sialic acid‐specific cytolytic lectin was purified using glutaraldehyde‐fixed ox erythrocytes from the larval extract of blowfly (Chrysomya megacephala). The purified lectin lysed vertebrate erythrocytes with effective haemolysis of ox red blood cells (RBCs) in an isotonic medium. The degree of haemolytic (HL) activity of the purified cytolytic lectin depended on its concentration, pH, temperature, and calcium ions. It was sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The native molecular mass of the C‐type lectin was 260 ± 26 kDa, comprising four different polypeptide subunits of 75 kDa (pI ~8), 69 kDa (pI ~7.0), 61 kDa (pI ~5.3), and 55 kDa (pI ~4.6). The association between the C‐type lectin and serine protease was confirmed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis that revealed its homology in the same spectral peak as well as the proteases and phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride inhibition of HL activity. Haemolysis inhibition by N‐acetylneuraminic acid and other sugars revealed the properties of the lectin. The purified lectin distorted the integrity of ox RBCs and Paenalcaligenes hermetiae. This in vitro study documents the presence of a cytolytic system in blowfly (C. megacephala) larvae for the clearance of invading microbial pathogens in their feeding niche.
Synergistic effects of polyaluminum chloride and Phoslock on phosphate and cyanobacteria removal in eutrophic lake water
Authors: Sadeghi Sepideh , Hua Guanghui , Min Kyungnan , Johnson Tylor J. , Gibbons William 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPolyaluminum chloride (PACl) and Phoslock® are two promising technologies for lake restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effects of PACl and Phoslock on phosphate and cyanobacteria removal and solids' settling rates during coagulation treatment of water from Lake Kampeska, South Dakota. The lake water, spiked with Anabaena sp., was treated with PACl, Phoslock, and PACl+Phoslock, under controlled laboratory conditions. PACl with 70% basicity at a dose of 8 mg Al/L achieved phosphate, chlorophyll a, and turbidity removal efficiencies of 93.8%, 90.7%, and 93.5%, respectively. The corresponding removal efficiencies of Phoslock at a dose of 800 mg/L were 70.5%, 73.2%, and 90.0%, respectively. The combination of PACl (4 mg Al/L) and Phoslock (300 mg/L) resulted in 88.5%, 99.4%, and 99.5% removal efficiencies for phosphate, chlorophyll a, and turbidity, respectively. These removal efficiencies were 12.6%–23.5% or 10.5%–55.4% higher than PACl or Phoslock alone. The combined use of PACl and Phoslock also exhibited high tolerances to the variations in pH and dissolved organic carbon levels during coagulation. Coagulation treatment produced flocs that settled out of suspension. These flocs were resuspended to simulate hydraulic disturbance. The sedimentation rates following resuspension were in the order of PACl+Phoslock > PACl > Phoslock. Treatment with PACl+Phoslock improved turbidity reduction at a settling time of 30 min by 48.5%–61.6% after initial treatment compared with PACl and Phoslock. The results of this study suggest that the combined use of PACl and Phoslock is an effective strategy to remove phosphate and cyanobacteria in lake water. © 2019 American Water Works Association
The impact of perinatal nicotine exposure on fetal lung development and subsequent respiratory morbidity
Authors: Kuniyoshi Katherine M. , Rehan Virender K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaternal smoking during pregnancy remains as a significant public health crisis as it did decades ago. Although its prevalence is decreasing in high‐income countries, it has worsened globally, along with a concerning emergence of electronic‐cigarette usage within the last two decades. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental evidence exists from both human and animal studies, demonstrating the detrimental long‐term pulmonary outcomes in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Even secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure to the developing lung might be as or even more harmful than firsthand smoke exposure. Furthermore, these effects are not limited only to the exposed progeny, but can also be transmitted transgenerationally. There is compelling evidence to support that the majority of the effects of perinatal smoke exposure on the developing lung, including the transgenerational transmission of asthma, is mediated by nicotine. Nicotine exposure induces cell‐specific molecular changes in lungs, which offers a unique opportunity to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the resultant damage through targeted molecular interventions. Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure‐induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring. However, the development of a safe and effective intervention is still many years away. In the meantime, electropuncture at specific acupoints appears to be emerging as a more practical and safe physiologic approach to block the harmful pulmonary consequences of perinatal nicotine exposure.