bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of sandy soil water permeability methods
Authors: Nikitin Andrey 
Published: September 2018

Qualitative assessment of soil permeability is important for designing drainage systems and waterworks. According to the research results, soil permeability factor depends on sample preparation, test method and conditions.
The article summarizes the results of analyzing the factors that influence the permeability of sandy soils: filtration conditions (steady-state and non-steady-state), sample area, compaction method, and sample height.
Water permeability of sand in field conditions was determined by filling a pit with water at a constant head and a stable flow rate. The soil surveyed was medium-grained sand of medium density located above the groundwater table.
Permeability testing in laboratory conditions was carried out using filtration tubes with the area of 20 and 85 cm2. The height of the soil samples was 50 and 100 mm. The laboratory test results showed that the sand permeability factor greatly depends on the compaction method: layer-by-layer compaction, vibration compaction. Different permeability factor values for the surveyed soil were caused by non-uniform vertical compaction of the sample. With the standard test method, the deviation of laboratory test results from the field test results reached 16 to 28%.
When using sand compaction by tamping, the results closest to the actual permeability can be achieved by selecting an optimum weight drop height and reducing the sample height. Meanwhile, filtration conditions and sample area have a negligible effect on sand permeability. The article demonstrates that selecting an optimal compaction method ensures the error of permeability factor determination in laboratory conditions within 5%.
Funktionelle Tests als Entscheidungskriterium für die Rückkehr von Spielsportlern nach einer Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: Wilke Christiane , Grimm Lars , Hoffmann Björn , Froböse Ingo 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEine Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) stellt eine schwerwiegende Verletzung im Spielsport dar, die sowohl für den Athleten als auch für den Verein zeit- und kostenintensiv ist. Aufgrund der vielseitigen und anspruchsvollen Belastung der unteren Extremitäten sind vor allem Spielsportler häufig von der schweren Verletzung mit langem Rehabilitationszeitraum betroffen. Bezogen auf den Wiedereinstieg in den Sport variieren die Zeiträume stark. Zur Bestimmung des Zeitpunkts der Rückkehr in den Sport werden bereits verschiedene Ansätze diskutiert, diesen mittels funktioneller Testverfahren zu quantifizieren. Ein Konsens hinsichtlich relevanter Parameter, der verfügbaren Testverfahren und der Interpretation der Testwerte existiert jedoch nicht. Auf der Basis des Anforderungsprofils der Spielsportart Fußball berücksichtigt die vorliegende Arbeit insbesondere funktionelle Tests für die Anforderungen Kraft, Schnelligkeit, Agility und Bewegungsqualität als koordinative Eigenschaft. Neben den Testverfahren für einzelne Beanspruchungsformen werden auch kombinierte Testprotokolle diskutiert. Es werden sowohl die Durchführungsvarianten und wissenschaftlichen Gütekriterien als auch die Anwendbarkeit in der Praxis beschrieben. Während beidbeinige Sprünge Seitenunterschiede nur durch zusätzliches Equipment wie Kraftmessplatten oder Marker ermitteln können, eignen sich vor allem Hop Tests zur Aufdeckung von Seitendifferenzen anhand des Symmetrie-Index. Eine Vielzahl an kombinierten Testprotokollen ist bereits vorhanden, jedoch decken diese bisher nur einen Teilbereich des Anforderungsprofils eines Spielsportlers ab. Für die Praxis sollte eine geeignete Testbatterie mit einer Auswahl der beschriebenen funktionellen Tests zusammengestellt werden, die wissenschaftlichen und praktikablen Richtwerten unterliegen und zudem als Pre-Injury Screening vor und während der Saison eingesetzt werden können.
Risiko-Screening im Handballsport – Welche funktionellen Tests sind sinnvoll?
Authors: Hainc Scheller Christoph , Keller Matthias , Kurz Eduard 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ein Weg zur optimierten Verletzungsprophylaxe ist der Einsatz funktioneller Testbatterien im Sport. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse können korrigierende Übungen empfohlen werden, mit dem Ziel die Defizite zu beheben. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Ergebnisse ausgewählter funktioneller Tests mit dem Auftreten von Verletzungen bei jugendlichen Handballspielern zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden An dieser Studie nahmen 31 Spieler aus den Nachwuchsmannschaften eines Handballbundesligisten teil. Vor Beginn der Rückrunde absolvierten alle Spieler den Functional-Movement-Screen, Y-Balance-Test, Front-Hop-Test, Side-Hop-Test und Square-Hop-Test. Alle Verletzungen, die nach der Testung aufgetreten sind, wurden bis zum Abschluss der Saison dokumentiert.
Ergebnisse Innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums wurden 4 Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzungen und 4 Kontakt-Verletzungen registriert. Spieler, die eine Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzung erlitten haben, zeigten im Side-Hop-Test eine Seitensymmetrie von 78 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 85 %) und im Y-Balance-Test einen Composite-Score von 87 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 90 %). Für den Functional-Movement-Screen, die Front- und Square-Hop-Tests konnten keine deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen verletzten und unverletzten Spielern festgestellt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen darauf hin, dass innerhalb von Funktionsuntersuchungen im Handball neben Low-Threshold-Tests auch Testverfahren aus dem High-Threshold-Bereich angewendet werden sollten. Besonders geeignet für Handballsportler scheinen nach den Erfahrungen dieser Untersuchung der Y-Balance-Test und der Side-Hop-Test zu sein.
Immunotherapy in Autoimmune and Neuroinflammation-Related Epilepsies
Authors: Willis Erin , Samanta Debopam , Arya Kapil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is increasing recognition of the role played by neuroinflammation both as a factor in the development of epilepsy as well as a consequence of seizures. Autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsies have emerged as an important etiology of drug-refractory epilepsies. The recognition of these entities is vital for immunomodulation and is the cornerstone in its management. Immunotherapy treatment regimens in these conditions continue to be refined, and there is an increasing knowledge in their use. This article attempts to review the experience with the use of different immunotherapies in specific autoimmune and neuroinflammation-related encephalitis and epilepsies including their mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Placebo-Nocebo-Ethik für die Patientenkommunikation
Authors: Friedrich Daniel , Reichardt Jan-Ole , Rittner Heike 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Patientenaufklärung ist „täglich Brot“ des klinisch tätigen Anästhesisten und gleichzeitig ein zentrales Rechtfertigungselement medizinischer Behandlungsmaßnahmen. Durch Auslösen von Placebo- und Noceboeffekten kann sie den Behandlungserfolg aber auch selbst maßgeblich beeinflussen. Einem daraus drohenden Konflikt verschiedener medizinethischer Prinzipien kann mit entsprechenden praktischen Strategien wirksam begegnet werden.
Effects of task type, task-type repetition, and performance criteria on L2 oral production
Authors: Hu Xingchao 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of task type, task-type repetition, and performance criteria on oral second language production. One hundred and forty-four Chinese learners of English were randomly paired and assigned to either a map task or a picture-story task. Each task type was repeated a week later via a different exemplar. Each experimental group was then further divided between “high” and “low” performance criterion groups, and a control group (CG). Both the high criterion (HC) and the low criterion (LC) groups were informed at the outset that they would be asked to perform an additional activity upon completion of the baseline task. The HC speakers undertook a more demanding post-task activity and the LC group a less demanding one, with no extra post-task requirement for the CG. Analysing participants’ language production in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency, a strong effect for task type was observed. Task-type repetition resulted in greater accuracy and affected all fluency measures (though not all in the same direction). Finally, the high criterion condition was positively related to phrasal complexity and fluency on both task types, but negatively associated with subordination complexity on the picture-story task, findings not attested in previous studies. Results are discussed in terms of the limited attentional resources model on second language performance. The study contributes to our understanding of how pre-specified task performance criteria can affect students’ performance of a task.
Structure formation in clustering DBI dark energy model with constant sound speed
Authors: Fahimi K , Karami K , Asadzadeh S , Rezazadeh K 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Within the framework of DBI non-canonical scalar field model of dark energy, we study the growth of dark matter perturbations in both the linear and non-linear regimes. In our DBI model, we consider the anti-de Sitter warp factor $f(\phi)=f_0\, \phi ^{-4}$ with constant f0 > 0 and assume the DBI dark energy to be clustered and its sound speed cs to be constant. In the linear regime, we use the pseudo-Newtonian formalism to obtain the growth factor of dark matter perturbations and conclude that for smaller cs (or $\tilde{f_0} \equiv f_0 H_0^2/M_P^2$), the growth factor of dark matter is smaller for clustering DBI model compared to the homogeneous one. In the non-linear regime based on the spherical collapse model, we obtain the linear overdensity δc($z$c), the virial overdensity Δvir($z$c), overdensity at the turn around ζ($z$c), and the rate of expansion of collapsed region hta($z$). We point out that for the smaller cs (or $\tilde{f_0}$), the values of δc($z$c), Δvir($z$c), ζ($z$c), and hta($z$) in non-clustering DBI models deviate more than the ΛCDM compared to the clustering DBI models. Finally, with the help of spherical collapse parameters we calculate the relative number density of halo objects above a given mass and conclude that the differences between clustering and homogeneous DBI models are more pronounced for the higher mass haloes at high redshift.
Peripheral Lung Nodule Diagnosis and Fiducial Marker Placement Using a Novel Tip-Tracked Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy System
Authors: Belanger Adam R. , Burks Allen C. , Chambers David M. , Ghosh Sohini , MacRosty Christina R. , Conterato Anna J. , Rivera M. Patricia , Akulian Jason A. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Electromagnetic navigation (EMN) has improved bronchoscopic access to peripheral pulmonary nodules. A novel EMN system utilizing novel tip-tracked instruments for endobronchial [electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)] as well as transthoracic lung biopsy [electromagnetic-guided transthoracic needle aspiration (EMTTNA)] has become available. The system provides real-time feedback as well as the ability to biopsy lesions outside of the airway. These advances have the potential to improve diagnostic yield over previous EMN systems.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of consecutive peripheral bronchoscopy cases utilizing a novel EMN platform for biopsy and/or fiducial marker (FM) placement at a tertiary care university hospital. We analyzed factors that may influence diagnostic yield including lesion size.

Results:
Our study included 108 patients who underwent EMN-guided bronchoscopy between June 2015 and April 2017 for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions and/or the placement of FMs for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Ninety-three patients underwent biopsy utilizing ENB +/− EMTTNA. The combined diagnostic yield was 78%. EMTTNA provided a diagnosis for 5 patients in whom the ENB biopsy results were negative. Diagnostic yield by nodules <20, 20 to 30, and >30 mm in size was 30/45 (67%), 27/30 (90%), and 16/18 (89%), respectively. Sixty-five patients underwent FM placement with a total of 133 FM placed.

Conclusion:
This novel tip-tracked EMN system incorporating both ENB and EMTTNA can guide biopsy and FM placement with a high degree of success and with a low complication rate. Multicentered prospective trials are required to develop algorithmic approaches to combine ENB and EMTTNA into a single procedure.
Ex vivo dynamics of human glioblastoma cells in a microvasculature-on-a-chip system correlates with tumor heterogeneity and subtypes
Authors: Xiao Yang , Kim Dongjoo , Dura Burak , Zhang Kerou , Yan Runchen , Li Huamin , Han Edward , Ip Joshua , Zou Pan , Liu Jun , Chen Ann Tai , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Zhou Jiangbing , Fan Rong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe perivascular niche (PVN) plays an essential role in brain tumor stem-like cell (BTSC) fate control, tumor invasion, and therapeutic resistance. Herein we report on the use of a microvasculature-on-a-chip system as a PVN model to evaluate the dynamics of BTSCs ex vivo from 10 glioblastoma patients. We observed that BTSCs preferentially localize in the perivascular zone. Live cell tracking revealed that the cells residing in the vicinity of microvessels had the lowest motility, while a fraction of cells on the microvessels unexpectedly possessed the highest motility and migrated over the longest distance. These results indicate that the perivascular zone is a niche for BTSCs, while the microvascular tracks are also a path for long-distance tumor cell migration and invasion. Additionally, the degree of co-localization between tumor cells and microvessels varied significantly across patients. To validate the results from our microvasculature-on-a-chip system, we used single-cell transcriptome sequencing (10 patients and 21,750 single cells in total) to identify the subtype of each tumor cell. The co-localization coefficient was found to correlate positively with proneural (stem-like) or mesenchymal (invasive) but not classical (proliferative) tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that a gene signature profile including PDGFRA correlated strongly with the “homing” of brain tumor cells to the PVN. Our findings demonstrated that ex vivo dynamics of human brain tumor cells in a microvasculature-on-a-chip model can recapitulate in vivo tumor cell dynamics, heterogeneity, and subtypes, representing a new route to the study of human tumor cell biology and uncover patient-specific tumor cell functions.
Two-photon frequency division multiplexing for functional in vivo imaging: a feasibility study
Authors: Tsyboulski Dmitri , Orlova Natalia , Ledochowitsch Peter , Saggau Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, we presented a new approach to create high-speed amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses and tag multiple excitation beams with specific modulation frequencies. In this work, we discuss the utility of this method to record calcium signals in brain tissue with two-photon frequency-division multiplexing (2P-FDM) microscopy. While frequency-multiplexed imaging appears slightly inferior in terms of image quality as compared to conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy due to shot noise-induced cross-talk between frequency channels, applying this technique to record average signals from regions of interest (ROI) such as neuronal cell bodies was found to be promising. We use phase information associated with each pixel or waveform within a selected ROI to phase-align and recombine the signals into one extended amplitude-modulated waveform. This procedure narrows the frequency detection window, effectively decreasing noise contributions from other frequency channels. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and in vitro imaging we demonstrate a reduction of cross-talk by more than an order of magnitude and predict the usefulness of 2P-FDM for functional studies of brain activity.
Introduction of Kinesin-13 family specific residues increases the microtubule end residence time of a Kinesin-1
Authors: Belsham Hannah R. , Friel Claire T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKinesins that regulate microtubule dynamics, such as the Kinesin-13 MCAK, require the ability to recognise the microtubule end. All microtubule regulating kinesins studied to date have this ability and thus exhibit increased microtubule end residence times. In contrast, purely translocating kinesins such as Kinesin-1 do not need to recognise the microtubule end for their function. The residues K524, E525 and R528 in the α4 helix of the Kinesin-13, MCAK, are critical for microtubule end recognition. Here, we show that introducing these Kinesin-13 family-specific residues into a Kinesin-1 increases its microtubule-end residence time up to 4-fold. However, this increase in end residence is not sufficient to confer microtubule depolymerisation activity to a Kinesin-1.Significance StatementThe introduction of Kinesin-13 family specific residues from the α4 helix of the microtubule depolymerising kinesin, MCAK, into a Kinesin-1, increases the microtubule-end residence time between 2 and 4-fold. This demonstrates both the significance of these residues in modulating microtubule end residence, and the capacity to tune kinesin function by modifying the microtubule binding face of the motor domain using protein engineering. Increasing the microtubule end residence time in this way is not sufficient to confer depolymerisation activity to a Kinesin-1. Thus, indicating that the ability to recognise and reside at the microtubule end is not the only determinant of depolymerisation activity. The Kinesin-13 motor domain may also possess the ability to actively break interactions between tubulin subunits.
Contribution of rare copy number variants to bipolar disorder risk is limited to schizoaffective cases
Authors: Charney Alexander W. , Stahl Eli A. , Green Elaine K. , Chen Chia-Yen , Moran Jennifer L. , Chambert Kimberly , Belliveau Richard A. , Forty Liz , Gordon-Smith Katherine , Lee Phil H. , Bromet Evelyn J , Buckley Peter F , Escamilla Michael A , Fanous Ayman H. , Fochtmann Laura J , Lehrer Douglas S. , Malaspina Dolores , Marder Stephen R. , Morley Christopher P. , Nicolini Humberto , Perkins Diana O. , Rakofsky Jeffrey J. , Rapaport Mark H. , Medeiros Helena , Sobell Janet L. , Backlund Lena , Bergen Sarah E. , Juréus Anders , Schalling Martin , Lichtenstein Paul , Knowles James A. , Burdick Katherine E. , Jones Ian , Jones Lisa A , Hultman Christina M. , Perlis Roy , Purcell Shaun M. , McCarroll Steven A. , Pato Carlos N. , Pato Michele T. , Florio Ariana Di , Craddock Nick , Landén Mikael , Smoller Jordan W. , Ruderfer Douglas M. , Sklar Pamela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenetic risk for bipolar disorder (BD) is conferred through many common alleles, while a role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) is less clear. BD subtypes schizoaffective disorder bipolar type (SAB), bipolar I disorder (BD I) and bipolar II disorder (BD II) differ according to the prominence and timing of psychosis, mania and depression. The factors contributing to the combination of symptoms within a given patient are poorly understood.MethodsRare, large CNVs were analyzed in 6353 BD cases (3833 BD I [2676 with psychosis, 850 without psychosis], 1436 BD II, 579 SAB) and 8656 controls. Measures of CNV burden were integrated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia (SCZ) to evaluate the relative contributions of rare and common variants to psychosis risk.ResultsCNV burden did not differ in BD relative to controls when treated as a single diagnostic entity. Burden in SAB was increased compared to controls (p-value = 0.001), BD I (p-value = 0.0003) and BD II (p-value = 0.0007). Burden and SCZ PRS were higher in SAB compared to BD I with psychosis (CNV p-value = 0.0007, PRS p-value = 0.004) and BD I without psychosis (CNV p-value = 0.0004, PRS p-value = 3.9 × 10−5). Within BD I, psychosis was associated with higher SCZ PRS (p-value = 0.005) but not with CNV burden.ConclusionsCNV burden in BD is limited to SAB. Rare and common genetic variants may contribute differently to risk for psychosis and perhaps other classes of psychiatric symptoms.
Large prospective losses lead to sub-optimal sensorimotor decisions in humans
Authors: Adkins Tyler J. , Lewis Richard L. , Lee Taraz G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe rationality of human behavior has been a major problem in philosophy for centuries. The pioneering work of Kahneman and Tversky provides strong evidence that people are not rational. Recent work in psychophysics argues that incentivized sensorimotor decisions (such as deciding where to reach to get a reward) maximizes expected gain, suggesting that it may be impervious to cognitive biases and heuristics. We rigorously tested this hypothesis using multiple experiments and multiple computational models. We obtained strong evidence that people deviated from the objectively rational strategy when potential losses were large. They instead appeared to follow a strategy in which they simplify the decision problem and satisfice rather than optimize. This work is consistent with the framework known as bounded rationality, according to which people behave rationally given their computational limitations.
Coupled active systems encode emergent behavioral dynamics of the unicellular predatorLacrymaria olor
Authors: Coyle Scott M. , Flaum Ellie M. , Li Hongquan , Krishnamurthy Deepak , Prakash Manu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultiple active systems in a cell work together to produce sophisticated cellular behaviors such as motility and search. However, it is often unclear how this coupling specifies the complex emergent dynamics that define such behaviors. As a model system, we analyzed the hunting strategy ofLacrymaria olor, a unicellular predatory ciliate that uses extreme morphological changes to extend, contract and whip an apparent “cell neck” over many body lengths to capture prey. Tracking millions of unique subcellular morphologies over time revealed that these fast dynamics encode a comprehensive local search behavior apparent only at longer timescales. This hunting behavior emerges as a tug-of-war between active sub-cellular structures that use surface cilia and cortex contractility to deform the structure of the neck. The resulting search space can be described mathematically using a small number of normal shape modes that change amplitude rapidly during hunts. The distribution of these shape modes in space and time reveals a transition point between tense and compressed neck morphologies at the mean neck length, such that new shapes are readily sampled by repeatedly extending and retracting across this critical length. Molecular perturbations to the cell-signaling controller show that coupling between ciliary and contractile programs is needed to maintain this length/shape relationship; neither system alone provides the dynamic repertoire of shapes necessary for comprehensive search. Our results highlight the utility of coupling antagonistic active systems as a strategy for encoding or engineering complex behaviors in molecular machines.One Sentence Summary:Analysis of millions of unique cellular morphologies of the highly dynamic single-celled predatorLacrymaria olorreveals that it programs a comprehensive search space and emergent hunting behavior through coupling surface based active cilia and cortex based contractile molecular systems together.