bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual and proprioceptive recalibrations after exposure to a visuomotor rotation
Authors: Rand Miya K. , Heuer Herbert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdaptation to a visuomotor rotation in a cursor‐control task is accompanied by proprioceptive recalibration, whereas the existence of visual recalibration is uncertain and has even been doubted. In the present study, we tested both visual and proprioceptive recalibration; proprioceptive recalibration was not only assessed by means of psychophysical judgments of the perceived position of the hand, but also by an indirect procedure based on movement characteristics. Participants adapted to a gradually introduced visuomotor rotation of 30° by making center‐out movements to remembered targets. In subsequent test trials, they made center‐out movements without visual feedback or observed center‐out motions of a cursor without moving the hand. In each test trial, they judged the endpoint of hand or cursor by matching the position of the hand or of a visual marker, respectively, moving along a semicircular path. This path ran through all possible endpoints of the center‐out movements. We observed proprioceptive recalibration of 7.3° (3.1° with the indirect procedure) and a smaller, but significant, visual recalibration of 1.3°. Total recalibration of 8.6° was about half as strong as motor adaptation, the adaptive shift of the movement direction. The evidence of both proprioceptive and visual recalibration was obtained with a judgment procedure that suggests that recalibration is restricted to the type of movement performed during exposure to a visuomotor rotation. Consequently, identical physical positions of the hand can be perceived differently depending on how they have been reached, and similarly identical positions of a cursor on a monitor can be perceived differently.
Epileptic negative myoclonus restricted to lower limbs in benign childhood focal epilepsy with vertex spikes
Authors: Gong P. , Xue J. , Qian P. , Yang H. , Liu X. , Zhang Y. , Jiang Y. , Yang Z. 
Published: May 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to determine the electroclinical findings in benign childhood focal epilepsy with vertex spikes (BEVS) with epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) restricted to the lower limbs.MethodsThe electroencephalogram database of Peking University First Hospital and medical records of patients with BEVS and ENM restricted to the lower limbs were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with BEVS had ENM restricted to the lower limbs. Twelve started as ENM restricted to the lower limbs. The age at seizure onset ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 years. During the course, half of the 12 patients developed focal sensorimotor seizures and then were diagnosed as benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), with BEVS (four cases) and without BEVS (two cases). Five of them had electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) and met the diagnostic criteria of atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE). Fifteen of the 27 patients had ENM restricted to the lower limbs during the course. The age at seizure onset ranged from 1.3 to 9.8 years. All had ESES and were diagnosed as ABPE, 11 as ABPE with BEVS and four as ABPE evolving into BEVS.ConclusionsBenign childhood focal epilepsy with vertex spikes (BEVS) might represent a specific epileptic syndrome of the continuum of benign childhood focal epilepsy. ENM restricted to the lower limbs was a special phenomenon in BEVS. BEVS could overlap with BECTS or evolve into BECTS and further into ABPE and vice versa. Ignorance of vertex spikes with associated ENM restricted to the lower limbs might lead to a misunderstanding of BEVS, a specific type of benign childhood focal epilepsy.
Premature mortality in persons with epilepsy and schizophrenia: A population‐based nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersen Katrine M. , Petersen Liselotte V. , Vestergaard Mogens , Pedersen Carsten B. , Christensen Jakob 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the mortality for persons with epilepsy and schizophrenia by absolute and relative measures.MethodsThis is a population‐based nationwide cohort study of persons born in Denmark from 1960 to 1987 who were alive and residing in Denmark on their 25th birthday. We identified persons diagnosed with epilepsy and schizophrenia prior to their 25th birthday and followed them to death, emigration, or December 31, 2012, whichever came first. The primary outcome was overall mortality. Data were analyzed using Cox regressions.ResultsPersons were followed for 24 167 573 person years; the median was 15 years. The mortality rate ratio was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.1‐4.7) for persons with epilepsy, 6.6 (95% CI = 6.1‐7.1) for persons with schizophrenia, and 12.8 (95% CI = 9.1‐18.1) for persons with both disorders, compared with persons without these disorders. The estimated cumulative mortality at the age of 50 years was 3.1% (95% CI = 3.0‐3.1) for persons without epilepsy and schizophrenia, 10.7% (95% CI = 9.7‐11.8) for persons with epilepsy, 17.4% (95% CI = 16.0‐18.8) for persons with schizophrenia, and 27.2% (95% CI = 15.7‐40.1) for persons with both disorders.SignificancePersons with epilepsy and schizophrenia have very high mortality; more than one in four persons with both disorders died between the age of 25 and 50 years, indicating that these patients need special clinical attention.
The mechanism for differential effect of nelfinavir and indinavir on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Szoka Lukasz , Karna Ewa , Andrulewicz‐Botulinska Edyta , Hlebowicz‐Sarat Kornelia , Palka Jerzy A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mechanism for differential effects of human immune deficiency virus protease inhibitors (HIVPIs), nelfinavir (NEL) and indinavir (IND) on collagen metabolism disturbances was studied in human skin fibroblasts. It has been considered that HIVPIs‐dependent deregulation of collagen biosynthesis involves prolidase (an enzyme providing proline for collagen biosynthesis), glutamine (Gln) (a substrate for proline biosynthesis), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) (a transcription factor that inhibit expression of type I collagen genes), β1 integrin receptor and Akt signalling. It was found that NEL impaired collagen biosynthesis and the process was more pronounced in the presence of Gln, while IND stimulated collagen biosynthesis. NEL‐dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by massive intracellular accumulation of type I collagen, while IND slightly induced this process. This effect of NEL was reversed by ascorbic acid but not N‐acetylcysteine. The mechanism for the NEL‐dependent defect in collagen metabolism was found at the level of prolidase activity, β1 integrin signalling and NF‐κB. NEL inhibited expression of β1 integrin receptor, Akt and ERK1/2 and increased expression of p65 NF‐κB. However, inhibitors of p65 NF‐κB did not prevent NEL‐dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis suggesting that this transcription factor is not involved in studied mechanism. Using PI3K inhibitor wortmannin that prevent phosphorylation of Akt revealed that NEL‐dependent inhibition of Akt results in inhibition of collagen biosynthesis. The data suggest that differential effect of NEL and IND on collagen metabolism involves NEL‐dependent down‐regulation of Akt signalling and proline availability for collagen biosynthesis.
Vestibular Neuroscience for the Headache Specialist
Authors: Balaban Carey D. , Black Robert D. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe vestibular system is a multifaceted, integrative sensory system that is often referred to as the “multi‐sensory” sense. There is an extensive literature about the vestibular sensory organs and afferent nerve pathways; however, this rich resource is often unknown to the headache specialist.AimsIn this review, we highlight the significance of vestibular sensory processing beyond its role in the maintenance of balance. The role of the vestibular system in migraine pathophysiology is emphasized, not just in how it impacts dizziness or nausea, but also in its higher order effects on mood and cognition. How the vestibular system responds to current and new migraine therapies, such as anti‐CGRP (calcitonin gene‐related peptide) antibodies, is also discussed.ConclusionsThe vestibular system is not just about balance; this should be taken into account by clinicians as they assess their patients' associated non‐headache symptoms. There is a co‐occurrence of migraine and vestibular‐based problems and a confluence of disciplines relevant to vestibular migraine.
Biochemical and plasma lipid responses to pemafibrate in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Joshita Satoru , Umemura Takeji , Yamashita Yuki , Sugiura Ayumi , Yamazaki Tomoo , Fujimori Naoyuki , Matsumoto Akihiro , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: May 2019

AimFibrate addition to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy has been shown to improve both liver biochemistry and long‐term prognosis in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients showing an incomplete biochemical response to UDCA alone. We herein describe the clinical outcome of seven cases of PBC that received the new selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α modulator, pemafibrate, in combination with UDCA therapy to investigate the biochemical and plasma lipid responses to the drug.MethodsOf 124 initially enrolled PBC patients, 12 treated with UDCA alone and seven receiving UDCA plus bezafibrate showed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels above the upper limit of normal (330 U/L). Ultimately, seven patients with PBC and dyslipidemia who had agreed to biweekly visits at our hospital for UDCA plus pemafibrate combination therapy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn the four cases that switched from bezafibrate to pemafibrate, ALP became significantly decreased (0.031) and γ‐glutamyltransferase tended to decrease (0.063) over the 3 months following pemafibrate addition. Two patients showed a greater than 50% reduction in ALP. No remarkable differences were observed for plasma lipid levels, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or the liver fibrosis marker Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer between these time points. No adverse drug reactions were recorded.ConclusionsPemafibrate might be another option for PBC patients with an incomplete response to UDCA therapy.
Real‐world efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir for hepatitis C virus (genotype 1): A nationwide, multicenter study by the Japanese Red Cross Hospital Liver Study Group
Authors: Mashiba Toshie , Joko Kouji , Kurosaki Masayuki , Ochi Hironori , Hasebe Chitomi , Akahane Takehiro , Sohda Tetsuro , Tsuji Keiji , Mitsuda Akeri , Kimura Hiroyuki , Narita Ryoichi , Ogawa Chikara , Furuta Koichiro , Shigeno Masaya , Okushin Hiroaki , Ito Hiroshi , Kusakabe Atsunori , Satou Takashi , Kawanami Chiharu , Nakata Ryo , Kobashi Haruhiko , Tamada Takashi , Ide Yasushi , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Morita Atsuhiro , Matsushita Tomomichi , Okada Kazuhiko , Izumi Namiki 
Published: May 2019

AimThe present study aimed to determine the real‐world efficacy and safety of the non‐structural protein (NS)5A inhibitor elbasvir (EBR) combined with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor grazoprevir (GZR) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (GT1) infection.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated the rate of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12) and the safety of EBR/GZR treatment in 159 men and 194 women with a median age of 72 years, and it assessed factors associated with the SVR12 rate. The attending physicians were responsible for selecting candidate patients for EBR/GZR in this retrospective study.ResultsTreatment outcomes for EBR/GZR were good in direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐naïve patients, of whom 99.4% achieved SVR. Of 353 patients, 10 (2.9%) had treatment failure. Of these patients, eight previously underwent DAA therapy, and the remaining two had NS5A‐L31/Y93 double mutation. The SVR rate was 50% (8/16 patients) in patients who previously underwent DAA therapy, and 18.2% (2/11 patients) in patients with NS5A‐L31/Y93 double mutation. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, NS5A‐Y31/Y93 double mutation (odds ratio 356.3; 95% confidence interval, 23.91–16 940; P < 0.0001) was identified as an independent predictor of treatment failure. No serious adverse events were observed with EBR/GZR therapy.ConclusionsThe SVR rate of EBR/GZR would have been 100% in patients without either a history of DAA therapy or double mutation. This combination of drugs could be safely given and is, thus, considered a highly useful first‐line treatment for DAA‐naïve patients with HCV.
Effects of insularity on insect leaf herbivory and chemical defences in a Mediterranean oak species
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Castagneyrol Bastien , de la Mata Raúl , Fyllas Nikolaos M. , Galmán Andrea , García‐Verdugo Carlos , Larrinaga Asier R. , Abdala‐Roberts Luis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimResearch on plant–herbivore interactions has shown that islands typically have low abundances and diversity of herbivores because of barriers to dispersal, isolation and reduced land area. Islands commonly have lower levels of herbivory relative to mainland regions, and, as a consequence, insular plants should exhibit lower levels of defences than their mainland counterparts. Despite these predictions, there are significant gaps in our understanding of insularity effects on plant–herbivore interactions. For instance, most work addressing the effects of insularity on plant–herbivore interactions have compared one or a few islands with a single mainland site. In addition, studies have measured herbivory or plant defences but not both, and the influence of abiotic factors has been neglected.LocationMediterranean Basin (from Spain to Greece).TaxonQuercus ilex L.MethodsWe conducted a large‐scale study to investigate whether insect leaf herbivory and plant chemical defences in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) differ between insular versus mainland populations. We further investigated mechanisms by which insularity effects on herbivory may take place by assessing the influence of defences and climatic variables on herbivory.ResultsWe found that insular populations exhibited lower herbivory and higher defences (condensed tannins) than their mainland counterparts. Our analyses, however, suggest that these concomitant patterns of insect herbivory and plant defences were seemingly unrelated as island versus mainland differences in defences did not account for the observed pattern in herbivory. Furthermore, climatic factors did not explain insularity effects on either herbivory or plant defences.Main conclusionsOverall, this study provides one of the most robust assessments to date on insularity effects on herbivory and builds towards a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of plant–insect interactions in insular ecosystems.
Association of left atrium voltage amplitude and distribution with the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence and evolution after pulmonary vein isolation: An ultrahigh‐density mapping study
Authors: Ballesteros Gabriel , Ravassa Susana , Bragard Jean , Ramos Pablo , López Begoña , Vives Enrique , Neglia Renzo , Wise Bernardo , González Arantxa , Moreno María U. , Díez Javier , García‐Bolao Ignacio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionUltrahigh‐density‐voltage mapping (uHDVM) is a new tool that can add new insights into the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of uHDVM in predicting postablation AF recurrence (AFR).Methods and ResultsWe included 98 consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for AF (40.8% persistent) using an uHDVM system and followed for 1 year. The left atrium (LA) mean voltage (Vm) and the Vslope (slope of the voltage histogram calculated by linear interpolation, with the relative frequency on the vertical axis and the bipolar potential on the horizontal axis) were calculated from 12 567 ± 5486 points per map.Patients with AFR (N = 29) had lower Vm and higher Vslope as compared with patients without AFR (N = 69). Receiver operating characteristic curves identified Vm as the strongest predictor of AFR, with a higher incidence of AFR in patients with Vm 0.758 mV (57.6%) or lower than patients with Vm higher than 0.758 mV (15.4%; P < .0001). Among patients with Vm higher than 0.758 mV, patients with Vslope 0.637 or higher exhibited higher (P = .043) AFR incidence (31.3%) than patients with Vslope lower than 0.637 (10.2%). This classification showed incremental predictive value over relevant covariables. Vm values were lower and Vslope values were higher in patients that progressed from paroxysmal to persistent AF. Patients with Vslope 0.637 or higher had a 14.2% incidence of postablation atypical atrial flutter, whereas patients with Vslope lower than 0.637 did not present this outcome.ConclusionsThe risk of AFR, atrial flutter, and progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF can be detected by quantitative analysis of LA uHDVM identifying diverse patterns of atrial substrate alterations.
Supranormal heart rate during peak exercise stress test triggering type‐1 Brugada ECG pattern
Authors: Tijskens Maxime , Heidbuchel Hein , Sarkozy Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a remarkable maximal capacity exercise test of a 52‐year‐old patient diagnosed with Brugada syndrome (BrS). As the patient reaches a supranormal sinus heart rate, the type‐1 electrocardiogram pattern of BrS appeared and then disappeared immediately after cessation of exercise.
Screening the expression of several miRNAs from TaqMan Low Density Array in traumatic brain injury: miR‐219a‐5p regulates neuronal apoptosis by modulating CCNA2 and CACUL1
Authors: Yan Jing , Bu Xiaomin , Li Zhuoling , Wu Jia , Wang Cheng , Li Dandan , Song Jiaxi , Wang Junjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, a comprehensive characterization of the serum miRNA profile in patients with TBI and the roles of these potential markers in neuronal regulation have rarely been reported. In this study, the levels of 754 serum miRNAs were initially determined in two pooled samples of 15 severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients and 15 healthy controls using a TaqMan Low Density Array. The markedly upregulated miRNAs in sTBI patients were subsequently validated individually by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) in another larger cohort consisting of 81 sTBI patients, 81 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and 82 age/sex‐matched healthy controls. Seven miRNAs, including miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐219a‐5p, miR‐302d‐3p, miR‐422a, miR‐518f‐3p, miR‐520d‐3p and miR‐627, were significantly upregulated in both sTBI and mTBI patients compared with their expression in controls. Among these miRNAs, miR‐219a‐5p not only discriminated sTBI and mTBI patients from controls but also discriminated between sTBI and mTBI patients. We further show here that in the neuronal cell injury model, upregulated miR‐219a‐5p inhibits the expression of CCNA2 and CACUL1 and further regulates akt/Foxo3a and p53/Bcl‐2 signaling pathways, causing a notable change in the expression of cleaved caspase‐3, thereby inducing neuronal apoptosis. These results indicate that these seven selected miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for TBI. In particular, miR‐219a‐5p is a potentially valuable indicator of the diagnosis, prognosis of TBI and appears to regulate neuronal apoptosis and death.
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Weight status and diets of children aged 1–12 years attending a tertiary public paediatric outpatient clinic
Authors: Mathew Suja M , Bell Lucinda K , Mauch Chelsea , Magarey Anthea M 
Published: May 2019

AimTo assess the weight status and diets of a sample of paediatric outpatients, explore the relationship between the two and compare child weight status with parental perception of child weight and parents' self‐reported weight.MethodsParents/carers of 1–12‐year‐olds attending paediatric outpatients at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, between October 2015 and May 2016 completed a demographic and validated age‐based dietary questionnaire (toddlers (1–3 years), pre‐schoolers (>3 to <5 years) or children (5–12 years)). Dietary risk scores (low/moderate/high/very high) were calculated for toddlers and pre‐schoolers and diet quality and food behaviours scores for children. Body mass index (BMI)z‐score and weight status were determined from measured height and weight.ResultsOf 114 toddlers, 115 pre‐schoolers and 250 children, 65% were of a healthy weight, 10% underweight and 25% overweight or obese. Most (~80%) toddlers and pre‐schoolers had diets classified as ‘moderate’ risk, and the diets (35–90%) and behaviours (90%) of most 5–12‐year‐olds fell short of the guidelines. There was no significant relationship between overall diet risk or quality and BMIz‐score. Healthier food behaviours scores were inversely correlated with BMIz‐scores (ß −0.061, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.089, −0.033,P< 0.005). Parents' perception of child weight status was inaccurate. Parent's self‐reported weight status was significantly associated with the BMIz‐scores of toddlers (ß 0.301, 95% CI 0.189–1.174,P= 0.007) and pre‐schoolers (ß 0.220, 95% CI 0.032–0.859,P= 0.035).ConclusionsPoor diets and high rates of overweight/obesity highlight the need for screening within the paediatric outpatient setting. Parents' own weight status, and their inaccurate perception of their child's, should be considered future intervention targets for improving child and parent health.
Predictive factors for not undergoing RNA testing in patients found to have hepatitis C serology and impact of an automatic alert
Authors: Morales‐Arraez Dalia , Alonso‐Larruga Ana , Diaz‐Flores Felicitas , García Dopico Jose A. , de Vera Antonia , Quintero Enrique , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe process of diagnosis and linkage to care in cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an obstacle to disease control. The aims of this study were to evaluate predictive factors for not undergoing RNA testing among patients with positive HCV serology and impact of incorporating an automated electronic alert with recommendations in clinical practice. We collected HCV antibody tests requested from October 2011 to September 2014 to evaluate the rate of RNA testing and predictive factors for not undergoing RNA testing. Since October 2014, an automated alert notification has been implemented to remind physicians for testing RNA after a positive HCV test and referral to specialist care. 41 403 HCV antibody tests were requested from 34 073 patients. 870 (2.55%) patients tested positive. After a median of follow‐up of 57.0 months (range 45.6‐82.1), 37.6% did not have RNA testing. The independent predictors for not undergoing RNA testing were primary care serology requests (P < 0.001), no history of drug use (P = 0.005) and a lack of social support (P = 0.015). The intervention impact was evaluated in a pre‐alert cohort (October 2011‐September 2014) and a post‐alert cohort (October 2014‐September 2015). After the incorporation of the alert, the rate of RNA testing increased from 62.4% to 77.7% (P < 0.001). Incomplete assessment of HCV infection is a challenge in primary care. The implementation of an automated alert for recommending RNA testing after a positive HCV antibody test is feasible in clinical practice and increases the rate of patients with RNA testing.