bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty vs riociguat in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Wuwan , Wen Li , Song Zhengdong , Shi Wenhai , Wang Ke , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundsNo previous meta‐analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of BPA with riociguat therapy in inoperable CTEPH patients.MethodsRelevant published studies were searched in the PubMed, Embase and ClinicalTrial.gov databases.ResultsTwenty‐three clinical trials including 1454 patients (631 underwent BPA; 823 underwent riociguat therapy) were analyzed. BPA was associated with a greater improvement in RAP (mean difference (MD) = −3.53 mmHg, 95% CI: [−4.85, −2.21] vs MD = −1.05 mmHg, 95% CI: [−1.82, −0.29]); mPAP (MD = −15.02 mmHg, 95% CI: [−17.32, −12.71] vs MD = −4.19 mmHg, 95% CI: [−5.58, −2.80]); PVR (standard MD = −1.32 woods, 95% CI: [−1.57, −1.08] vs standard MD = −0.65 woods, 95% CI: [−0.79, −0.50]); NYHA functional class (RR = 6.78, 95% CI: [3.14, 14.64] vs RR = 1.49, 95% CI: [1.07, 2.07]); and 6MWD (MD = 71.66 m, 95% CI: [58.34, 84.99] vs MD = 45.25 m, 95% CI: [36.51, 53.99]) than riociguat treatment. However, the increase in CO was greater with riociguat (MD = 0.78 L/min, 95% CI: [0.61, 0.96]) than with BPA (MD = 0.33 L/min, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.59]). No significant difference in cardiac index (CI) was found between BPA (MD = 0.40 L/min/m2, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.58]) and riociguat (MD = 0.40 L/min/m2, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.54]). The most common complications of BPA were pulmonary injury (0.3%‐5.6%) and pulmonary edema (0.8%‐28.6%). The most common adverse events of riociguat were headache, dizziness, hypotension and nasopharyngitis.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis indicates that BPA might be associated with greater improvements in exercise tolerance and pulmonary hemodynamics except for cardiac output and cardiac index than riociguat therapy. However, both of them were well tolerated.
Surface Confined Synthesis of Hydroxy Functionalized Two‐Dimensional Polymer: The Effect of the Position of Hydroxy Groups
Authors: Cao Lili , Yu Yanxia , Zhou Xin , Lei Shengbin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report on the on‐surface synthesis of a series of two‐dimensional polymers (2DPs) and macrocycles containing hydroxyl groups on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The formed 2DPs and macrocycles were visualized through scanning tunneling microscopy. By varying the solvent and reaction temperature, structural evolution from oligomers to well‐ordered 2DPs or discrete macrocycles was directly followed. In addition, we discovered that the reaction outcome can be steered from extended 2DPs to discrete macrocycles or catenular structures by exchanging the position of the hydroxyl and aldehyde group. These results indicate that the relative positions of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups on the biphenyl ring play a determining role in the control and selection of the final products of the surface‐confined Schiff base coupling reaction.
Dynamic Wetting Properties of Mesh Substrates with Tunable Water Adhesion
Authors: Ramos Chagas Gabriela , Fradin Caroline , Celestini Franck , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn nature, wetting phenomena are present nearly everywhere and are a source of inspiration for liquid transportation. A good understanding of the underlying dynamic phenomena that governs wettability is therefore extremely important for researchers involved in bio‐inspired surfaces. Herein, we study the adhesive behavior with water of mesh substrates modified with structured copolymers in order to tune the surfaces from parahydrophobic states (high water adhesion) to superhydrophobic states (low water adhesion). Using the ejection test method (ETM), a new technique that consists of the ejection of water droplets deposited onto a substrate with the aid of a catapult system, we experimentally demonstrate that the elasticity of the mesh substrate can be exploited for efficient vertical actuation of droplets.
Profiling Cell Wall Monosaccharides and Nucleotide‐Sugars from Plants
Authors: Rautengarten Carsten , Heazlewood Joshua L. , Ebert Berit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cell wall is an intricate mesh largely composed of polysaccharides that vary in structure and abundance. Apart from cellulose biosynthesis, the assembly of matrix polysaccharides such as pectin and hemicellulose occur in the Golgi apparatus before being transported via vesicles to the cell wall. Matrix polysaccharides are biosynthesized from activated precursors or nucleotide sugars. The composition and assembly of the cell wall is an important aspect in plant development and plant biomass utilization. The application of anion‐exchange chromatography to determine the monosaccharide composition of the insoluble matrix polysaccharides enables a complete profile of all major sugars in the cell wall from a single run. While porous carbon graphite chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry delivers a sensitive and robust nucleotide sugar profile from plant extracts. Here we describe detailed methodology to quantify nucleotide sugars within the cell and profile the non‐cellulosic monosaccharide composition of the cell wall. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fortschreibung und Weiterentwicklung der Nachhaltigkeitskriterien im Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiger Kleinwohnhausbau
Authors: Eßig Natalie , Nisse Juliane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is currently an assessment system for sustainable house building in Germany for the assessment of sustainability of buildings with up to five residential units. In order to ensure practicality and update the assessment of houses to the state of the technology, selected fact sheets from the BNK criteria catalogue developed in 2015 were updated and further developed with specialist support from experts known all over Germany.
Spatially explicit power analysis for detecting occupancy trends for multiple species
Authors: Southwell Darren M. , Einoder Luke D. , Lahoz‐Monfort Jose J. , Fisher Alaric , Gillespie Graeme R. , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAssessing the statistical power to detect changes in wildlife populations is a crucial yet often overlooked step when designing and evaluating monitoring programs. Here, we developed a simulation framework to perform spatially explicit statistical power analysis of biological monitoring programs for detecting temporal trends in occupancy for multiple species. Using raster layers representing the spatial variation in current occupancy and species‐level detectability for one or multiple observation methods, our framework simulates changes in occupancy over space and time, with the capacity to explicitly model stochastic disturbances at monitoring sites (i.e., dynamic landscapes). Once users specify the number and location of sites, the frequency and duration of surveys, and the type of detection method(s) for each species, our framework estimates power to detect occupancy trends, both across the landscape and/or within nested management units. As a case study, we evaluated the power of a long‐term monitoring program to detect trends in occupancy for 136 species (83 birds, 33 reptiles, and 20 mammals) across and within Kakadu, Litchfield, and Nitmiluk National Parks in northern Australia. We assumed continuation of an original monitoring design implemented since 1996, with the addition of camera trapping. As expected, power to detect trends was sensitive to the direction and magnitude of the change in occupancy, detectability, initial occupancy levels, and the rarity of species. Our simulations suggest that monitoring has at least an 80% chance at detecting a 50% decline in occupancy for 22% of the modeled species across the three parks over the next 15 yr. Monitoring is more likely to detect increasing occupancy trends, with at least an 80% chance at detecting a 50% increase in 87% of species. The addition of camera‐trapping increased average power to detect a 50% decline in mammals compared with using only live trapping by 63%. We provide a flexible tool that can help decision‐makers design and evaluate monitoring programs for hundreds of species at a time in a range of ecological settings, while explicitly considering the distribution of species and alternative sampling methods.
Avian fitness consequences match habitat selection at the nest‐site and landscape scale in agriculturally fragmented landscapes
Authors: Reiley Bryan M. , Benson Thomas J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Habitat selection theory suggests that when choosing breeding sites, animals should choose the best available habitat; however, studies show that individuals fail to choose habitats that maximize their fitness especially in drastically altered landscapes. Many studies have focused on selection at single scales, often using a single measure of fitness. However, links between habitat selection and fitness may vary depending on the spatial scale and measure of fitness, especially in situations where agricultural land use has altered the surrounding landscape.

We examined multiscale habitat selection and fitness measures of the Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii) and Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) using data collected in agriculturally fragmented landscapes.

We found evidence for selection of nest sites with dense understory, larger patches, and increasing restored habitat cover and decreasing forest cover in the surrounding landscape.

For both focal species, selection for dense understory significantly increased nest survival; however, there appeared to be no concurrent benefit for fledgling production. Selection for broader scale features positively influenced nest survival for the Willow Flycatcher with no concurrent benefit for fledgling production. The observed mismatches may be due to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation at broader scales or may represent reproductive trade‐offs for a fitness benefit not measured in this study.

Fine‐scale habitat selection decisions by our focal species appear to match fitness outcomes, whereas habitat selection at broader scales only provided fitness benefits for the Willow Flycatcher. Though providing no fledgling production benefit, when combined with suitably dense nesting habitat, larger patches in landscapes with greater amounts of restored habitat cover for Bell's Vireo and lower amounts of forest cover for Willow Flycatcher will produce more fledglings per unit area than smaller patches in landscapes with less restored habitat and more forest cover, respectively, which could help inform conservation decisions for these at‐risk species.
Compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids as a new tool to uncover trophic chains in soil food webs
Authors: Pollierer Melanie M. , Larsen Thomas , Potapov Anton , Brückner Adrian , Heethoff Michael , Dyckmans Jens , Scheu Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFood webs in soil differ fundamentally from those aboveground; they are based on inputs from both living plants via root exudates, and from detritus, which is a complex mixture of fungi, bacteria, and dead plant remains. Trophic relationships are difficult to disentangle due to the cryptic lifestyle of soil animals and inevitable microbial contributions to their diet. Compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (AAs) is increasingly used to explore complex food webs. The combined use ofAAδ13C and δ15N values is a promising new approach to disentangle trophic relationships since it provides independent but complementary information on basal resources, as well as the trophic position of consumers. We conducted a controlled feeding study in which we reconstructed trophic chains from main basal resources (bacteria, fungi, plants) to primary consumers (springtails, oribatid mites) and predators (gamasid mites, spiders). We analyzed dual compound‐specific isotopeAAvalues of both resources and consumers. By applying an approach termed “stable isotope (13C) fingerprinting” we identified basal resources, and concomitantly calculated trophic positions using15N values of trophic and sourceAAs in consumers. In the13C fingerprinting analysis, consumers in general grouped close to their basal resources. However, higher than usual offsets inAAδ13C between diet and consumers suggest either gut microbial supplementation or the utilization of specific resource fractions. Identification of trophic position crucially depends on correct estimates of the trophic discrimination factor (TDFGlu‐Phe), which was close to the commonly applied value of 7.6‰ in primary consumers feeding on microbial resources, but considerably lower in arachnid predators (~2.4‰), presumably due to higher diet quality, excretion of guanine, and fluid feeding. While our feeding study demonstrates that dual compound‐specificAAanalyses hold great promise in delineating trophic linkages among soil‐dwelling consumers and their resources, it also highlights that a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach to TDFGlu‐Phedoes not apply to soil food webs.
Greens or space invaders: Prominent utopian themes and effects on social change motivation
Authors: Fernando Julian W. , O'Brien Léan V. , Burden Nicholas J. , Judge Madeline , Kashima Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOne way in which individuals can participate in action to change the society they live in is through the pursuit of an ideal society or “utopia”; however, the content of that utopia is a likely determinant of its motivational impact. Here we examined two predominant prototypes of utopia derived from previous research and theory—the Green and Sci‐Fi utopias. When participants were primed with either of these utopias, the Green utopia was perceived to entail a range of other positive characteristics (e.g., warmth, positive emotions) and—provided it was positively evaluated—tended to elicit both motivation and behaviour for social change. In contrast, the Sci‐Fi utopia was associated with low motivation, even when it was positively evaluated. Furthermore, the Green utopia was shown to elicit greater perceptions of participative efficacy, which in turn predicted the increase in social change motivation.
Evidence for genetic correlation between human cerebral white matter microstructure and inflammation
Authors: Rodrigue Amanda L , Knowles Emma EM , Mollon Josephine , Mathias Samuel R , Koenis Marinka MG , Peralta Juan M , Leandro Ana C , Fox Peter T , Sprooten Emma , Kochunov Peter , Olvera Rene L , Duggirala Ravindranath , Almasy Laura , Curran Joanne E , Blangero John , Glahn David C 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhite matter microstructure is affected by immune system activity via the actions of circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Although white matter microstructure and inflammatory measures are significantly heritable, it is unclear if overlapping genetic factors influence these traits in humans. We conducted genetic correlation analyses of these traits using randomly ascertained extended pedigrees from the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function Study (N = 1862, 59% females, ages 18–97 years; 42 ± 15.7). White matter microstructure was assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA) calculated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Circulating levels (pg/mL) of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNFα) phenotypically associated with white matter microstructure were quantified from blood serum. All traits were significantly heritable (h2 ranging from 0.41 to 0.66 for DTI measures and from 0.18 to 0.30 for inflammatory markers). Phenotypically, higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers were associated with lower FA values across the brain (r = −.03 to r = −.17). There were significant negative genetic correlations between most DTI measures and IL‐8 and TNFα, although effects for TNFα were no longer significant when covarying for body mass index. Genetic correlations between DTI measures and IL‐6 were not significant. Understanding the genetic correlation between specific inflammatory markers and DTI measures may help researchers focus questions related to inflammatory processes and brain structure.
What we should know about natural killer/T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Xiong Jie , Zhao Weili 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNatural‐killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is the most common extranodal lymphoma with highly aggressive clinical outcome. System biology techniques provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, risk stratification, and clinical management in NKTCL. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveal most frequent deletion of chromosome 6q21. Whole‐exome sequencing studies identify recurrent somatic gene mutations, involving RNA helicases, tumor suppressors, JAK‐STAT pathway molecules, and epigenetic modifiers. Genome‐wide association study reports strongest association of HLA‐DPB1 rs9277378 with lymphomagenesis. Alterations of oncogenic signaling pathways as well as epigenetic dysregulation of microRNA and long non‐coding RNAs are also observed in NKTCL. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is the major etiology of NKTCL and the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Different risk stratification models are proposed based on clinical parameters (IPI, PINK, and PINK‐E, etc.) or biomarkers (Ki67, C‐reactive protein level, and EBV DNA, etc.). Therapeutic strategies vary according to disease stage, including radiotherapy, asparaginase‐based chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation, targeted therapy (immune checkpoints inhibitors, and histone deacetylation inhibitors, etc.). Future investigations will be emphasized on EBV‐related pathogenesis of NKTCL, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, as well as multi‐center clinical trials, so as to optimize personalized treatment of NKTCL in the era of precision medicine.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: A curable disease
Authors: Batchelor Tracy T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma that is confined to the brain, leptomeninges, or the eye and is associated with a relatively poor prognosis compared to other extranodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas. However, methotrexate‐based induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative chemotherapy or high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is associated with improved survival and reduced neurotoxicity. Aberrant activation of B‐cell receptor signaling and activation of nuclear factor kappa beta is a frequent genetic alteration and offers opportunities for targeted therapies in this lymphoma subtype.
Medication regimen complexity is associated with pharmacist interventions and drug‐drug interactions: A use of the novel MRC‐ICU scoring tool
Authors: Newsome Andrea Sikora , Smith Susan E. , Olney William J. , Jones Timothy W. , Forehand Christy C. , Jun Ah Hyun , Coppiano Lindsey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical pharmacists are established members of the interprofessional patient care team, but limited guidance for the optimal utilization of pharmacy resources is available. Objective measurement of medication regimen complexity offers a novel process for evaluating pharmacist activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between medication regimen complexity, as measured by a novel medication regimen complexity scoring tool (MRC‐ICU), and both pharmacist interventions and drug‐drug interactions (DDIs).MethodsThis was a multi‐center, prospective, observational study. The electronic medical record was reviewed to collect patient demographics, patient outcomes, and MRC‐ICU and modified MRC‐ICU (mMRC‐ICU) score at 24, 48 hours, and at discharge. Pharmacist interventions were recorded during the patients' intensive care unit (ICU) stay. DDIs were also evaluated at 24, 48 hours, and at discharge. Spearman's rank‐order correlation was used to determine any correlation between the MRC‐ICU score at each time point and the number of pharmacist interventions and DDIs.ResultsA total of 153 patients were evaluated from both centers. The median MRC‐ICU at 24 hours was 11 (interquartile range [IQR] 7‐15). MRC‐ICU at 24 hours was correlated with interventions at 24 hours (rs .439, P <.001). Furthermore, MRC‐ICU was correlated with total DDIs (rs .4, P < .001). A modified version of the MRC‐ICU was also correlated with number of pharmacist interventions (P < .001) and DDIs (P < .001).ConclusionsMedication regimen complexity showed a relationship with number of pharmacist interventions and number of DDIs.
Improved oral bioavailability of repaglinide, a typical BCS Class II drug, with a chitosan‐coated nanoemulsion
Authors: Karami Zahra , Saghatchi Zanjani Mohammad Reza , Nasihatsheno Nadia , Hamidi Mehrdad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop modified nanoemulsions to improve the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a poor water‐soluble drug, repaglinide (RPG). The repaglinide‐loaded nanoemulsions (RPG‐NEs) were prepared from olive oil as internal phase, span 80, tween 80, and poloxamer 188 as emulsifiers, using homogenization technique. The mean droplet size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of RPG‐NEs were 86.5 ± 3.4 nm, −33.8 ± 2.1 mV, and 96.3 ± 2.3%, respectively. The chitosan‐coated RPG‐NEs (Cs‐RPG‐NEs) showed an average droplet size of 149.3 ± 3.9 nm and a positive zeta‐potential of +31.5 ± 2.8 mV. Drug release profile of RPG‐NEs was significantly higher than free drug in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids (p < .005). The in vivo study revealed 3.51‐ and 1.78‐fold increase in the AUC0‐12h and Cmax of the drug, respectively, in RPG‐NEs‐receiving animals in comparison to the free drug. The pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that Cs‐RPG‐NEs were more efficient than uncoated ones for the oral delivery of RPG. Cs‐RPG‐NEs showed a longer t1/2 and higher AUC0‐∞ compared to control group. The relative bioavailability of Cs‐RPG‐NEs was higher than that of uncoated RPG‐NEs and free drug. Collectively, these findings suggest that chitosan‐coated nanoemulsions are promising carrier for improving the oral bioavailability of RPG.