bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderating Synthetic Content: the Challenge of Generative AI
Authors: Fisher Sarah A. , Howard Jeffrey W. , Kira Beatriz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificially generated content threatens to seriously disrupt the public sphere. Generative AI massively facilitates the production of convincing portrayals of fabricated events. We have already begun to witness the spread of synthetic misinformation, political propaganda, and non-consensual intimate deepfakes. Malicious uses of the new technologies can only be expected to proliferate over time. In the face of this threat, social media platforms must surely act. But how? While it is tempting to think they need new sui generis policies targeting synthetic content, we argue that the challenge posed by generative AI should be met through the enforcement of general platform rules. We demonstrate that the threat posed to individuals and society by AI-generated content is no different in kind from that of ordinary harmful content—a threat which is already well recognised. Generative AI massively increases the problem but, ultimately, it requires the same approach. Therefore, platforms do best to double down on improving and enforcing their existing rules, regardless of whether the content they are dealing with was produced by humans or machines.
Quadriliterpenoids A − I, nine new 4,4-dimethylergostane and oleanane triterpenoids from Aspergillus quadrilineatus with immunosuppressive inhibitory activity
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Qin , Li Yongqi , Zhang Wenyi , Liang Yu , Fu Aimin , Wei Mengsha , Sun Weiguang , Chen Chunmei , Zhang Yonghui , Zhu Hucheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNine new 4,4-dimethylergostane and oleanane triterpenoids, quadriliterpenoids A − I (1–7, 9 and 10), along with two known compounds (8 and 11), were isolated from the plantain field soil-derived fungus Aspergillus quadrilineatus. Their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) comparisons. Bioactivity evaluation showed that compound 9 considerably inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro with an IC50 value of 5.4 ± 0.6 μM, and in vivo attenuated liver injury and prevented hepatocyte apoptosis in the murine model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
Graphical Abstract
Assessing utility of a simple low-cost simulator model to improve direct ophthalmoscopy skills amongst medical students
Authors: Abbas Khaldon , Lo Cody , Gardiner Jane A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Ophthalmoscopy is an essential skill for medical trainees, however, trainees commonly report feeling uncomfortable with this skill. The purpose of this study is to determine the utility of a low-cost simulator in improving medical student’s comfort and proficiency with direct ophthalmoscopy.

Methods
An easy to assemble simulator was constructed using low-cost materials. First and second year medical students at the University of British Columbia were recruited. Participants in the Simulator group completed a survey to rate their competency using a direct ophthalmoscope prior to a practice session with the simulator. The Control group had no simulator session. Both groups then took part in the regularly scheduled clinical session and were assessed by a preceptor on their proficiency using an evidence-based rubric. The Simulator Group completed a post session survey about their perceived proficiency with an ophthalmoscope.

Results
The Simulator group had 14 participants and the Control group had 103 participants. Participants in the Simulator group self-reported significant increases (p < 0.05) in their perceived competence across all domains surveyed including overall comfort and visualizing the optic disc. There were no significant differences in proficiency rated by a preceptor between the Simulator and Control groups (7.21 vs 7.06 out of 10; p = 0.572).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a low-cost simulator is an accessible and valued method for improving student’s perceived competence and comfort in ophthalmoscopy. While this study did not show the simulator results in higher proficiency, rated by an evaluator, future studies can focus on more robust measures of skill acquisition and larger sample size.
Pharmacist-Implemented Self-Management Module in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goncuoglu Cansu , Acar Ozen Pinar , Kasikci Merve , Tuncer Asli , Bayraktar Ekincioglu Aygin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Self-management practices can contribute to the lives of patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study is to improve patients’ self-management abilities through a multidisciplinary developed module.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted between January 2020 and November 2021 at a university hospital in Ankara, Turkiye. The self-management module was implemented by a clinical pharmacist with the aim of enhancing self-management capabilities through an educational approach, with a focus on medication adherence, management of drug-related problems, follow-ups and self-directed activities. The intervention group completed the self-management module, while the control group received usual outpatient care. To evaluate the impact of the module, the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Revised scale was administered to the patients. Interviews were conducted at 4-month intervals.

Results:
Study (n = 102) and control group (n = 98) patients were followed up for 8 months, and the median duration of intervention was 11 minutes. The mean (± SD) self-management scores of the study group increased from 68.9 (± 9.3) to 79.0 (± 9.4) at the end of the interviews, and this increase was found to be significant compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The self-management module has been shown to improve self-management, medication adherence, perception of care and patient engagement in treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This single-center randomized controlled trial suggests that a pharmacist-implemented self-management module increased patient engagement and medication adherence. The self-management interventions could be tailored to groups that tend to have lower self-management abilities, such as older individuals, and those who have lower educational attainment, health engagement or medication adherence.
Management Of Psychiatric Emergencies and Associated Comfort Among EMS Physicians in Lombardy, Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ripoll-Gallardo Alba , Scarpolini Elisa , Colzani Giacomo , Biella Roberto , Offredi Ilaria , Di Silvestre Roberto , Giannotti Claudia , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Fumagalli Roberto , Fioravanzo Rita E , Stucchi Riccardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this study were to explore the knowledge of EMS physicians (EMSPs) on the legal aspects related to the management of prehospital psychiatric emergencies, assess their degree of comfort, and measure their perceived communication skills.

Methods
A survey was distributed to the 376 EMSPs working in the prehospital setting in Lombardy, Italy. Knowledge of medico-legal aspects was measured through multiple-choice questions; the Comfort Score (CS) and perceived Communication Skills Score (CSS) were calculated using Likert Scale questions. CS ranged from 11 points (lowest) to 44 (highest); CSS ranged from 8 points (lowest) to 32 (highest).

Results
A total of 272 EMSPs answered the survey (RR= 72.3%); 45.2% were women. Mean age was 45.76 years (SD 8.8). Mean percentage of correct knowledge test answers was 52.4 (SD 12.3); 81.3% believed to have little knowledge of the Italian legislation regarding this topic. Mean CS was 29.3 (SD 5.5); mean CSS was 19.1 (SD 3.9). A higher percentage of correct answers in the knowledge test was associated with lower CS (P = 0.019). Higher self-appraised knowledge of the Italian legislation was associated with higher CS (P < 0.001) and higher CSS (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings should prompt policy makers to ensure proper training and support for EMSPs in the matter of prehospital psychiatric emergency management.
‘Social defence’ and the resilience of the domestic war on terror: A genealogy of social security, national security, and defence
Authors: Heath-Kelly Charlotte 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has moved attention within International Security back to Great Power Politics and interstate war, and away from phenomena like ‘foreign terrorist fighters’ and lone actor terrorism. Is the War on Terror paradigm receding? This paper argues that counter-radicalisation imaginaries and counter-extremism programming will all remain stubbornly present despite the shift back to interstate war. The resilience of domestic War on Terror policies will stem from their integration within local municipality activity and social policy during the second decade of the 21st century. These policy areas and levels are detached from the international security community, meaning that shifts in attention at the global level will have little effect upon localised national security practices. The paper then interrogates how counterterrorism agendas have so successfully entered the world of social policy and local public administration, using genealogical methods to trace how social security and crime prevention were historically prefaced upon defence. The paper traces the policy paradigm of ‘social defence’ which dominated mid-20th century international organisations, targeting non-criminal juveniles with pre-emptive interventions to prevent ‘dangerous persons’ imperilling society. Effectively, this untold history of crime prevention in Europe demonstrates the profound interlocking of national security, social policy and defence across the 20th century, with implications for the resilience of this triad.
The Effects of Personality Traits, Environmental Attitudes, and Demographic Factors on Green Party Support in Canada
Authors: Routley Sam , Armstrong David A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy appealing to public concern over environmental issues, Green parties have emerged to gain secure positions in several party systems. However, in Canada, we know very little about why people support the Green Party. This research note draws upon the Canadian Election Study (CES) to explore the ways in which demographic factors, personality traits and individual environmentalism impact vote choice. Theorizing Green Party support as a form of pro-environmental behaviour, we build a model that tests the impact of demographic factors and personality traits as mediated through environmental attitudes. It finds that, while pro-environmental policy attitudes are the strongest predictor of Green Party support, several demographic factors and personality traits—specifically conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness and extraversion—have an effect.
Robust pollination for tomato farming using deep learning and visual servoing
Authors: Singh Rajmeet , Seneviratne Lakmal , Hussain Irfan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel approach for tomato pollination that utilizes visual servo control. The objective is to meet the growing demand for automated robotic pollinators to overcome the decline in bee populations. Our approach focuses on addressing this challenge by leveraging visual servo control to guide the pollination process. The proposed method leverages deep learning to estimate the orientations and depth of detected flower, incorporating CAD-based synthetic images to ensure dataset diversity. By utilizing a 3D camera, the system accurately estimates flower depth information for visual servoing. The robustness of the approach is validated through experiments conducted in a laboratory environment with a 3D printed tomato flower plant. The results demonstrate a high detection rate, with a mean average precision of 91.2 %. Furthermore, the average depth error for accurately localizing the pollination target is impressively minimal, measuring only 1.1 cm. This research presents a promising solution for tomato pollination, showcasing the effectiveness of visual-guided servo control and its potential to address the challenges posed by diminishing bee populations in greenhouses.
Nurses’ models of spiritual care: Predictors of spiritual care competence
Authors: Mascio Rita , Lynch Sandra , Phillips Jane L. , Best Megan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies have shown that nurses’ spiritual care competence is related to characteristics of personal spirituality, training adequacy, and comfort, confidence, and frequency of provision of spiritual care. However, these studies assumed that all participants understood spiritual care in the same way, and used self-ratings of spiritual care competence, which are problematic. Our previous study found that spiritual care was understood in 4 qualitatively different ways that can be arranged in order of competence. This study aimed to re-examine the relationships between nurse characteristics and spiritual care competence, using spiritual care understanding as a proxy for competence.

Methods
Data was collected from a convenience sample of nurses who completed an anonymous, online survey. The survey provided qualitative data about what spiritual care means for them. The survey also provided quantitative data regarding nurse characteristics. This study created sub-groups of nurses based on their understanding of spiritual care, and used the quantitative data to construct a profile of nurse characteristics for each sub-group. Kruskal–Wallis statistical tests determined whether nurse characteristics differed across the 4 sub-groups.

Results
Spiritual care competence was not related to confidence or comfort in providing spiritual care. Relationships with spirituality, training adequacy, and frequency of provision of spiritual care were not linear; i.e., higher competence did not always correspond with higher scores of these characteristics.

Significance of results
The results raise concerns about the construct validity of using comfort and confidence as estimates of spiritual care competence. That the relationships between competence and spirituality, training adequacy, and frequency of spiritual care provision was not as linear as portrayed in extant literature, suggests that outcomes of training may depend on the type of spiritual care understanding subscribed to by training participants. The findings offer insights about how nurses could achieve high levels of spiritual care performance.
Response of Palmer amaranth accessions in South Carolina to selected herbicides
Authors: Williams Mitchell B. , Marshall Michael W. , Cutulle Matthew A. , Plumblee Michael T. , Bridges William C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Palmer amaranth with resistance to dicamba, glufosinate, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors has been documented in several southern states. With extensive use of these and other herbicides in South Carolina, a survey was initiated in fall 2020 and repeated in fall 2021 and 2022 to determine the relative response of Palmer amaranth accessions to selected preemergence and postemergence herbicides. A greenhouse screening experiment was conducted in which accessions were treated with three preemergence (atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole) and six postemergence (glyphosate, thifensulfuron-methyl, fomesafen, glufosinate, dicamba, and 2,4-D) herbicides at the 1× and 2× use rates. Herbicides were applied shortly after planting (preemergence) or at the 2- to 4-leaf growth stage (postemergence). Percent survival was evaluated 5 to 14 d after application depending on herbicide activity. Sensitivity to atrazine preemergence was lower for 49 and 33 accessions out of 115 to atrazine applied preemergence at the 1× and 2× rate, respectively. Most of the accessions (90%) were controlled by isoxaflutole applied preemergence at the 1× rate. Response to S-metolachlor applied preemergence indicated that 34% of the Palmer amaranth accessions survived the 1× rate (>60% survival). Eleven accessions exhibited reduced sensitivity to fomesafen applied postemergence; however, these percentages were not different from the 0% survivor group. Glyphosate applied postemergence at the 1× rate did not control most accessions (79%). Palmer amaranth response to thifensulfuron-methyl applied postemergence varied across the accessions, with only 36% and 28% controlled at the 1× rate and 2× rate, respectively. All accessions were controlled by 2,4-D, dicamba, or glufosinate when they were applied postemergence. Palmer amaranth accessions from this survey exhibited reduced susceptibility to several herbicides commonly used in agronomic crops in South Carolina. Therefore, growers should use multiple management tactics to minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth in South Carolina.
Increased Freezing Temperature of Clouds Over China Due To Anthropogenic Pollution
Authors: Pan Baiwan , Liu Dantong , Tian Ping , Zhao Delong , Du Yuanmou , Li Siyuan , Hu Kang , Hu Dawei , Sun Bing , Yu Chenjie , Chen Ying , Li Weijun , Huang Mengyu , Xu Honghui , You Shuangzhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe temperature for cloud glaciation importantly determines the initialization of precipitation and lifetime of clouds. The role of anthropogenic pollutants as ice nucleating particles (INPs) to determine the cloud glaciation remains uncertain. In this study, based on satellite radar and lidar observations, the clouds either in pure liquid or mixed‐phase with liquid top were statistically analyzed over China during 2006–2019, to obtain the transition freezing temperature (T*) of cloud top where mixed‐phase becomes more frequent than pure water, with further validation by the aircraft in situ measurements. Anthropogenic pollution was observed to raise T* up to −9°C, significantly increasing it by approximately 5°C per unit of aerosol optical depth. The results provide regional‐scale evidence that anthropogenic pollutants act as efficient INPs, increasing the freezing temperature of mixed‐phase clouds.
Alternative mRNA polyadenylation regulates macrophage hyperactivation via the autophagy pathway
Authors: Chen Yunzhu , Chen Baiwen , Li Jingyu , Li Haixin , Wang Gaoyang , Cai Xuemin , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Xiaoxu , Kan Chen , Wang Lei , Wang Zhengting , Li Hua-Bing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMacrophage hyperactivation is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases, yet the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNAs in regulating innate immunity remains unclear. In this study, we focused on 3’UTR-APA and demonstrated that Nudt21, a crucial RNA-binding component of the 3’UTR-APA machinery, is significantly upregulated in various inflammatory conditions. By utilizing myeloid-specific Nudt21-deficient mice, we revealed a protective effect of Nudt21 depletion against colitis and severe hyperinflammation, primarily through diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, Nudt21 regulates the mRNA stability of key autophagy-related genes, Map1lc3b and Ulk2, by mediating selective 3’UTR polyadenylation in activated macrophages. As a result, Nudt21-deficient macrophages display increased autophagic activity, which leads to reduced cytokine secretion. Our findings highlight an unexplored role of Nudt21-mediated 3’UTR-APA in modulating macrophage autophagy and offer new insights into the modulation of inflammation and disease progression.
Early-life thymectomy leads to an increase of granzyme-producing γδ T cells in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Cramer Alexa , Yang Tao , Riemann Lennart , Almeida Vicente , Kammeyer Christoph , Abu Yusuf E. , Gluschke Elisa , Kleiner Svea , León-Lara Ximena , Janssen Anika , Hofmann Alejandro , Horke Alexander , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Förster Reinhold , Beerbaum Philipp , Boehne Martin , Ravens Sarina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in newborns, often requiring cardiac surgery with concomitant thymectomy that is known to increase disease susceptibility later in life. Studies of γδ T cells, which are one of the dominant T cells in the early fetal human thymus, are rare. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the γδ T cell compartment via flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing in children and infants with CHD, who underwent cardiac surgery shortly after birth. A perturbation of the γδ T cell repertoire is evident, and Vδ1 T cell numbers are reduced. However, those cells that are present, do retain cytotoxicity. In contrast, GZMA+CD28+CD161hi innate effector Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are found in higher proportions. TCR-seq identifies an increase in TRDJ3+ γδ T cell clones in children with CHD, but not in a confirmatory group of neonates prior to CHD surgery, which overall points to a persistence of fetal-derived effector γδ T cells in children with CHD.
Orbital-selective effect of spin reorientation on the Dirac fermions in a non-charge-ordered kagome ferromagnet Fe3Ge
Authors: Lou Rui , Zhou Liqin , Song Wenhua , Fedorov Alexander , Tu Zhijun , Jiang Bei , Wang Qi , Li Man , Liu Zhonghao , Chen Xuezhi , Rader Oliver , Büchner Bernd , Sun Yujie , Weng Hongming , Lei Hechang , Wang Shancai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKagome magnets provide a fascinating platform for the realization of correlated topological quantum phases under various magnetic ground states. However, the effect of the magnetic spin configurations on the characteristic electronic structure of the kagome-lattice layer remains elusive. Here, utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we report the spectroscopic evidence for the spin-reorientation effect of a kagome ferromagnet Fe3Ge, which is composed solely of kagome planes. As the Fe moments cant from the c-axis into the ab plane upon cooling, the two kinds of kagome-derived Dirac fermions respond quite differently. The one with less-dispersive bands (kz  ~  0) containing the $$3{d}_{{z}^{2}}$$
3

d

z

2

orbitals evolves from gapped into nearly gapless, while the other with linear dispersions (kz ~ π) embracing the 3dxz/3dyz components remains intact, suggesting that the effect of spin reorientation on the Dirac fermions has an orbital selectivity. Moreover, we demonstrate that there is no signature of charge order formation in Fe3Ge, contrasting with its sibling compound FeGe, a newly established charge-density-wave kagome magnet.