bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Surgical Approach for Decompression of the Scalene Triangle in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Ricci Joseph , Eberlin Kyle , Hagan Robert 
Published: February 2018

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a cause of upper extremity and shoulder dysfunction. TOS can present with a wide range of symptoms due to compression of the brachial plexus or its branches during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region or scalene triangle. There are three types of TOS: arterial, venous, and neurogenic. Neurogenic TOS (nTOS) is by far the most frequent type and represents more than 95% of all cases. Historically, surgical intervention for all types of TOS has evolved based on the treatment for a vascular etiology and has typically included a first rib resection. Despite nTOS being by far the more common type, most previous interventions have not considered treatment via peripheral nerve decompression.We describe surgical treatment of nTOS, performed on an outpatient basis, which focuses on the surgical decompression of the structures associated with the scalene triangle in conjunction with release of the pectoralis minor insertion through limited incisions. The procedure avoids the morbidity associated with first rib resection and is successful in ameliorating nTOS symptoms. Further, we propose a nomenclature shift to scalene triangle syndrome (STS) to reflect the nerve and arterial compressions needing to be addressed.
The Association of Metabolic Dysfunction with Breastfeeding Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Glover Angelica , Berry Diane , Schwartz Todd , Stuebe Alison 
Published: February 2018

Objective To evaluate the relationship between prenatal metabolic markers and breastfeeding outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Study Design Secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial of a lifestyle intervention to improve metabolic health among women with GDM. Women were enrolled between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation and followed through 10 months postpartum. Metabolic markers were measured at enrollment. Women reported when they stopped breastfeeding, whether they breastfed as long as desired, and when they introduced formula. We evaluated the association of tertiles of metabolic markers with undesired weaning and time to breastfeeding cessation using Cox proportional hazards models and Mantel–Haenszel chi-square tests, respectively.
Results Eighty-two women were eligible for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in time to breastfeeding cessation among tertiles of fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and skinfolds (all p < 0.05). Women with higher fasting glucose, BMI, or skinfolds were also more likely to report undesired weaning; women with higher fasting glucose introduced formula earlier.
Conclusion Higher fasting glucose, A1c, BMI, and subscapular skinfolds were associated with earlier breastfeeding cessation in women with GDM. These markers may identify mothers in need of enhanced postpartum support to achieve their breastfeeding goals.
Neuro-ophthalmology Training in Ophthalmology Residency Programs in the United States
Authors: Wayman Laura , Chen John , Leavitt Jacqueline 
Published: February 2018

Background The status of neuro-ophthalmology education in ophthalmology residency training in the United States is unknown. There are numerous articles in the literature detailing resident outcomes for surgical procedures; however, there are no articles detailing teaching of a nonprocedural specialty. There are no specific Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements for neuro-ophthalmology training within ophthalmology residency. Each program determines the amount of neuro-ophthalmology training and level of training within ophthalmology residency. There are no publications that detail the extent of neuro-ophthalmology training during ophthalmology residency.
Objective To determine the status of neuro-ophthalmology education in ophthalmology residency training programs in the United States.
Methods A survey was sent in 2014 to residency directors and neuro-ophthalmologists of all ophthalmology residency programs who participated in the Ophthalmology Residency Matching Program in the United States to determine the amount of neuro-ophthalmology training that residents receive.
Results From a total of 113 ophthalmology residency programs in the United States utilizing the Ophthalmology Residency Matching Program, 104 surveys were returned (92% response rate). Duration of neuro-ophthalmology training ranged from 1 to 112 days, with an average of 34.5 days. Most rotations occurred within postgraduate year 2 or 3.
Conclusion This is the first evaluation of the amount of neuro-ophthalmology training within ophthalmology residencies participating in the matching program in the United States, which demonstrates large variability among the different programs. Future studies could ascertain if there is a correlation between resident satisfaction in neuro-ophthalmology training and the amount of training.
Postpartum Thromboembolism Prophylaxis during Delivery Hospitalizations
Authors: Merriam Audrey , Huang Yongmei , Ananth Cande , Wright Jason , D'Alton Mary , Friedman Alexander 
Published: February 2018

Objective This article evaluates trends in venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis during delivery hospitalizations in the United States.
Methods We utilized an administrative database to determine if women hospitalized for vaginal or cesarean delivery received pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, mechanical VTE prophylaxis, or both from January 2011 through March 2015. Mechanical prophylaxis included sequential compression devices, graduated compression stockings, and other pneumatic devices. Pharmacologic prophylaxis included unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or fondaparinux. Probability of use of thromboprophylaxis for individual hospitals was estimated in an adjusted model.
Results A total of 956,428 women who underwent cesarean and 1,914,142 women who underwent vaginal delivery were included in the analysis. Cesarean VTE prophylaxis declined between 2011 (50.3%) and 2015 (47.7%; p < 0.01). Of women undergoing vaginal delivery, 2.9% received prophylaxis. Delivery hospital was an important determinant of cesarean prophylaxis: in the adjusted model, one-third of hospitals used prophylaxis for less than 20% of deliveries, one-third of hospitals used prophylaxis for 20 to 80% of deliveries, and the final third of hospitals used prophylaxis in greater than 80% of deliveries.
Conclusion While many hospitals appear to be following best clinical practices, some do not provide routine cesarean VTE prophylaxis. Minimizing care quality variation may improve maternal safety.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Is Associated with Greater Initial Extubation Success in Postoperative Congenital Heart Disease Patients when Compared to Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Mushtaq Nasir , Brown Kellie , Littlefield Vanette , Barton Roger , Sood Shawn 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExtubation failure is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The study purpose was to investigate initial extubation success utilizing neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) compared with pressure-regulated volume controlled, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support (SIMV-PRVC + PS) for ventilatory weaning in patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Also, total days on MV, inotropes, sedation, analgesia, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) between both groups were compared. This was a non-randomized pilot study utilizing historical controls (SIMV-PRVC + PS; n = 40) compared with a prospective study population (NAVA; n = 35) in a Level I PICU and was implemented to help future trial designs. All patients (n = 75) required prolonged MV ≥96 hours due to their complex postoperative course. Ventilator weaning initiation and management was standardized between both groups. Ninety-seven percent of the NAVA group was successfully extubated on the initial attempt, while 80% were in the SIMV-PRVC + PS group (p = 0.0317). Patients placed on NAVA were eight times more likely to have successful initial extubation (odds ratio [OR]: 8.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 71.82). The NAVA group demonstrated a shorter median duration on MV (9.0 vs. 11.0 days, p = 0.032), PICU LOS (9.0 vs. 13.5 days, p < 0.0001), and shorter median duration of days on dopamine (8.0 vs. 11.0 days, p = 0.0022), milrinone (9.0 vs. 12.0 days, p = 0.0002), midazolam (8.0 vs. 12.0 days, p < 0.0001), and fentanyl (9.0 vs. 12.5 days, p < 0.0001) compared with the SIMV-PRVC + PS group. NAVA compared with SIMV-PRVC + PS was associated with a greater initial extubation success rate. NAVA should be considered as a mechanical ventilator weaning strategy in postoperative congenital heart disease (CHD) patients and warrants further investigation.
Risk factors for patients with diabetes who have abnormal toe-brachial index and normal ankle-brachial index
Authors: Hamasaki Hidetaka , Hamasaki Yasuteru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Aim To investigate the association of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI) with metabolic parameters and the risk factors causing a divergence between ABI and TBI in patients with diabetes.
Methods Outpatients who were simultaneously examined for both ABI and TBI were included. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association of ABI and TBI with metabolic parameters. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the risk factors causing a divergence between ABI and TBI.
Results Of the 307 patients that were enrolled, 77 had normal ABI but decreased TBI. ABI was inversely associated with plasma glucose and triglycerides and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, TBI was inversely associated with the duration of diabetes, plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c. Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history and a history of cardiovascular disease were associated with an increased risk of the divergence between ABI and TBI.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that smoking history and a history of cardiovascular disease are important risk factors in patients with diabetes who had normal ABI but decreased TBI. Patients with multiple vascular complications are at a high risk of coexisting peripheral artery disease, even if their ABI is normal.
Associations of TNFRSF1A Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shao Xiao-Qing , Ding Xiao-Lian , Mu Kaida , Wang Xuan , An Xiao-Fei , Yao Qiu-Ming , Li Ling , Li Qian , Song Rong-Hua , He Shuang-tao , Xu Jian , Zhang Jin-An 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown associations of polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor super family member 1A (TNFRSF1A) gene with several groups of inflammatory and autoimmune related diseases, but associations of TNFRSF1A polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), mainly including two sub-types of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), in the Chinese Han population is unclear. A case-control study of 1812 subjects (965 AITD patients and 847 unrelated healthy controls) was conducted to assess AITD associations with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs4149576, rs4149577, rs4149570, rs1800693, and rs767455 in the TNFRSF1A gene locus. Genotyping was performed and evaluated using the platform of ligase detection reaction. No significant difference was observed in the allele and genotype frequencies between HT or GD patients and controls in any of the five SNPs in the TNFRSF1A gene (all p values >0.05). However, a moderate association of rs4149570 with HT was found after adjusting for age and gender [odds ratio (OR)=1.40, p=0.03]. No obvious difference was found in the haplotype distribution of any of the five SNPs in the TNFRSF1A gene between the AITD patients and controls. These data suggest that these five SNPs in the TNFRSF1A gene are not associated with AITD in the Chinese Han population, but rs4149570 shows a weak association with HT after adjusting for gender and age.
Fully-covered metal stents with endoscopic suturing vs. partially-covered metal stents for benign upper gastrointestinal diseases: a comparative study
Authors: Ngamruengphong Saowanee , Sharaiha Reem , Sethi Amrita , Siddiqui Ali , DiMaio Christopher , Gonzalez Susana , Rogart Jason , Jagroop Sophia , Widmer Jessica , Im Jennifer , Hasan Raza , Laique Sobia , Gonda Tamas , Poneros John , Desai Amit , Wong Katherine , Villgran Vipin , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya , Bukhari Majidah , Chen Yen-I , Hernaez Ruben , Hanada Yuri , Sanaei Omid , Agarwal Amol , Kalloo Anthony , Kumbhari Vivek , Singh Vikesh , Khashab Mouen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) have been increasingly used in benign conditions (e. g. strictures, fistulas, leaks, and perforations). Fully covered SEMS (FSEMS) were introduced to avoid undesirable consequences of partially covered SEMS (PSEMS), but come with higher risk of stent migration. Endoscopic suturing (ES) for stent fixation has been shown to reduce migration of FSEMS. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of FSEMS with ES (FS/ES) versus PSEMS in patients with benign upper gastrointestinal conditions.
Patients and methods We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent stent placement for benign gastrointestinal conditions at seven US tertiary-care centers. Patients were divided into two groups: FSEMS with ES (FS/ES group) and PSEMS (PSEMS group). Clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared.
Results A total of 74 (FS/ES 46, PSEMS 28) patients were included. On multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in rate of stent migration between FS/ES (43 %) and PSEMS (15 %) (adjusted odds ratio 0.56; 95 % CI 0.15 – 2.00). Clinical success was similar [68 % vs. 64 %; P = 0.81]. Rate of adverse events (AEs) was higher in PSEMS group [13 (46 %) vs. 10 (21 %); P = 0.03). Difficult stent removal was higher in the PSEMS group (n = 5;17 %) vs. 0 % in the FS/ES group; P = 0.005.
Conclusions The proportion of stent migration of FS/ES and PSEMS are similar. Rates of other stent-related AEs were higher in the PSEMS group. PSEMS was associated with tissue ingrowth or overgrowth leading to difficult stent removal, and secondary stricture formation. Thus, FSEMS with ES for stent fixation may be the preferred modality over PSEMS for the treatment of benign upper gastrointestinal conditions.
Maturity of nearby faults influences seismic hazard from hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Brudzinski Michael R. , Friberg Paul , Skoumal Robert J. , Baxter Nicholas D. , Currie Brian S. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Recent studies have focused on how wastewater disposal wells have caused dramatic increases in eastern US earthquakes. We focused instead on less common cases where hydraulic fracturing alone has caused earthquakes and found seismicity separated into two depth zones: a shallow zone on younger faults, with more small-magnitude earthquakes than expected, and a deeper zone on older faults, with larger magnitude earthquakes and seismicity continuing after fracturing stops. Hence, inducing deeper seismicity creates more hazard. Our observations are consistent with prior geologic, laboratory, and theoretical work indicating that age and maturity of faults causes the different seismicity patterns. We utilize data from well operators to demonstrate that both fluid pressure changes and rock stress transfer are needed to explain our observations.
Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Authors: Seebens Hanno , Blackburn Tim M. , Dyer Ellie E. , Genovesi Piero , Hulme Philip E. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Pagad Shyama , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark , Winter Marten , Ansong Michael , Arianoutsou Margarita , Bacher Sven , Blasius Bernd , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Brundu Giuseppe , Capinha César , Causton Charlotte E. , Celesti-Grapow Laura , Dawson Wayne , Dullinger Stefan , Economo Evan P. , Fuentes Nicol , Guénard Benoit , Jäger Heinke , Kartesz John , Kenis Marc , Kühn Ingolf , Lenzner Bernd , Liebhold Andrew M. , Mosena Alexander , Moser Dietmar , Nentwig Wolfgang , Nishino Misako , Pearman David , Pergl Jan , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Roques Alain , Rorke Stephanie , Rossinelli Silvia , Roy Helen E. , Scalera Riccardo , Schindler Stefan , Štajerová Kateřina , Tokarska-Guzik Barbara , Walker Kevin , Ward Darren F. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Essl Franz 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never before encountered as aliens—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Using a global database of the first regional records of alien species covering the years 1500–2005 we detected a surprisingly high proportion of species in recent records that have never been recorded as alien before. The high proportion of these emerging alien species mainly resulted from the increased accessibility of new source species pools in the native range. Risk assessment approaches that rely less on invasion history will need to be prioritized.
Naked mole rats can undergo developmental, oncogene-induced and DNA damage-induced cellular senescence
Authors: Zhao Yang , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Muñoz-Espín Daniel , Tian Xiao , Serrano Manuel , de Magalhaes Joao Pedro , Nevo Eviatar , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: February 2018

Significance
The naked mole rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent with a maximum life span of over 30 years. Furthermore, NMRs are resistant to a variety of age-related diseases and remain fit and active until very advanced ages. The process of cellular senescence has evolved as an anticancer mechanism; however, it also contributes to aging and age-related pathologies. Here, we characterize cellular senescence in the NMR. We find that naked mole rat cells undergo three major types of cellular senescence: developmental, oncogene-induced, and DNA damage-induced. Senescent NMR cells displayed many common features with senescent mouse cells, including activation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. These results demonstrate that the NMR retains the major types of cellular senescence responses despite its exceptional longevity.
Singing it for “us”: Team passion displayed during national anthems is associated with subsequent success
Authors: Slater Matthew J. , Haslam S. Alexander , Steffens Niklas K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present research examined the link between passion displayed by team members during the singing of national anthems at UEFA Euro 2016 and team performance in the tournaments’ 51 games. Drawing on social identity theorising, we hypothesised a positive relationship between passion and performance. Consistent with this hypothesis, results showed that teams that sang national anthems with greater passion went on to concede fewer goals. Moreover, results provided evidence that the impact of passion on the likelihood of winning a game depended on the stage of the competition: in the knockout stage (but not the group stage) greater passion was associated with a greater likelihood of victory. Extending recent reviews that highlight the importance of social identity processes in sporting contexts, these results suggest that team members’ identity‐based expression of passion for the collective can be an important predictor of subsequent performance.
Policing Extreme Political Protest: A Historical Evaluation of Police Prejudice
Authors: Channing Iain 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The task of policing political activism frequently tests the legitimacy of the police leaving them vulnerable to claims of political prejudice. The principle of police neutrality has been subjected to criticism by MPs, activists and academic scholars since the formation of the modern police force. Members of both far right and far left movements have claimed their liberty to protest has been curtailed at different moments and much academic scholarship has highlighted the pro-fascist nature of policing. This article redresses the balance to provide a deeper understanding of the way political activism was (and continues to be) policed. In recent years, protests involving the English Defence League and the Occupy movement have highlighted the contemporary challenges to public order operations. Both groups have questioned the political impartiality of the police. Yet, these accusations are not new and by offering a historical comparison to the policing of extreme political activism in the interwar years, concerns regarding police culture, discretion, and legitimacy in the contemporary era are addressed. The inconsistent policing of the British Union of Fascists and the Communist Party of Great Britain frustrated both groups, and this article challenges existing research which claims that a pro-fascist motivation in policing accounts for this inconsistency. By exploring other motivations, it argues that we should not see the police as a monolithic institution with a particular view, and although political partiality is still significant, other key factors such as legal ambiguity, police pragmatism and regional variations must also be taken into account.