bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of foot self‐care in older people: a qualitative focus‐group study
Authors: Miikkola Maija , Lantta Tella , Suhonen Riitta , Stolt Minna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFoot health is an important aspect of general health, and it can be maintained and promoted through foot self‐care. However, little is known about older people's experiences of caring for their feet. The aim of this study was to gather knowledge about experiences of foot self‐care from the perspective of healthy older people in order to improve their welfare and their management of foot health.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design with focus groups was used. Seventeen older people recruited from daytime activity centres participated in the focus groups (n = 4). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe participants described their foot self‐care as including various activities, but they were hindered by the following factors: physical (e.g. changes in nail structure), external (e.g. seeking help from multi‐level professionals) and internal (e.g. related to ageing). Foot self‐care was considered to be important, but it was not systematically carried out. The participants thought that health‐care professionals neglected patients' feet.ConclusionsOlder people use a variety of methods to care for their feet. However, several factors hinder their ability to do so. Older people need advice, education and support to maintain their foot health. Future research is needed to identify effective ways to support older people in foot self‐care and improve their welfare as active citizens.
Writing a Spiritual Biography in Early Modern France
Authors: Hillman Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, four spiritual biographers wrote the “life” of the recently deceased lay dévote Madeleine de Lamoignon (1609–87). These authors sought to compose spiritual biographies—accounts of Madeleine's devotional life—all penned with the distant prospect of beatification or canonization in mind. This article analyzes these four retellings of Madeleine's life to excavate the process of writing vitae and situates this process within the broader context of lay spiritual biography in early modern France. A comparative exploration of Lamoignon's “lives” reveals different, and sometimes competing, conceptions of lay female sanctity in the Counter-Reformation era. By attending to neglected biographies of early modern laywomen, scholars might better understand how a life outside the cloister could be reconciled with saintliness.Entre la fin du dix-septième et le début du dix-huitième siècle, quatre écrivains ont écrit la « vie » de la dévote laïque, Madeleine de Lamoignon (1609–87). Chacun de ces auteurs cherchait à composer une biographie spirituelle—un récit de la vie dévotionnelle de Madeleine—et celles-ci ont toutes été écrites en vue de sa béatification ou de sa canonisation. Cet article est une étude comparative des quatre versions de la vie de Madeleine qui examine le processus d'écrire une « vie ». L'article montre que les biographies spirituelles étaient souvent des textes collaboratifs.
Denouncing War Before, During, and After
Authors: Boxer Marilyn J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines the life and work of Marianne Rauze (1875–1964), who rejected her family's multigenerational military heritage to devote half a century to socialist, feminist, and pacifist causes. Beginning before the Great War, continuing during it, and magnified following the death in battle of her officer husband, indirectly as a result of her antiwar propaganda, Rauze consecrated her life to protesting war. Self-identified as a war widow and eternal mourner, she devoted herself to the causes of war veterans and all victims of war. Using the moral authority of her widowhood, Rauze called for international alliance against war and for social justice. Associated with noted authors Henri Barbusse and Romain Rolland, Rauze produced a group of antiwar tracts and left an eloquent legacy of wartime observation and antimilitarist protest.Cet article examine la vie et l'œuvre de Marianne Rauze (1875–1964) qui renia l'héritage militaire de sa famille pour se dévouer pendant un demi-siècle aux mouvements socialiste, féministe, et antimilitariste. Ses protestations contre la guerre commencèrent dès avant la Grande Guerre et s'intensifièrent avec la mort en combat de son mari, événement dont son activité de propagandiste fut la cause indirecte. S'identifiant comme veuve de guerre et femme endeuillée, Rauze publia des textes antimilitaristes sensibles à la situation des soldats ordinaires, des anciens combattants, et d'autres victimes de guerre. S'inspirant de l'autorité morale de veuve de guerre, elle demanda l'alliance internationale contre la guerre et pour la justice sociale. Avec l'appui des auteurs Henri Barbusse et Romain Rolland, Rauze écrivit des tracts pacifistes et laissa un héritage important d'observation sociale en temps de guerre et de protestation pacifiste.
Technologies of Empire and the Rejection of Warfare’s Refrains
Authors: Kelly Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This book review essay places Caren Kaplan’s Aerial Aftermaths, Jennifer Terry’s Attachments to War, Inderpal Grewal’s Saving the Security State, and Lisa Parks and Caren Kaplan’s edited volume Life in the Age of Drone Warfare in the same analytic frame in order to document the violence of US empire and trace the everyday attachments that sustain it. Taken together, these texts diagnose twenty-first-century America, catalogue and historicize the exceptionalism that rationalizes state violence, and detail the sensory and affective lives of those who wage war and those subject to it. The conversation they initiate intervenes in what Terry calls the “labyrinth of excuses” that sanction warfare. In their feminist cultural studies approaches to surveillance, security, and war, they disrupt the refrains that position war as liberatory or beneficial and technology as capable of domesticating state violence.
Heterogeneity of transposon expression and activation of the repressive network in human fetal germ cells
Authors: Reznik Boris , Cincotta Steven A. , Jaszczak Rebecca G. , Mateo Leslie J. , Shen Joel , Cao Mei , Baskin Laurence , Ye Ping , An Wenfeng , Laird Diana J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Epigenetic resetting in germ cells during development de-represses transposable elements (TEs). piRNAs protect fetal germ cells by targeted mRNA destruction and deposition of repressive epigenetic marks. Here, we provide the first evidence for an active piRNA pathway and TE repression in germ cells of human fetal testis. We identify pre-pachytene piRNAs with features of secondary amplification that map most abundantly to the long interspersed element type 1 (L1) family of TEs. L1-ORF1p expression is heterogeneous in fetal germ cells, peaks at mid-gestation and declines concomitantly with increases in piRNAs, nuclear localization of HIWI2 and an increase in H3K9me3. Surprisingly, the same cells with accumulation of L1-ORF1p display highest levels of HIWI2 and H3K9me3. Conversely, the earliest germ cells with high levels of L1-ORF1p express low levels of the chaperone HSP90α. We propose that a subset of germ cells resists L1 expression, whereas L1-expressing germ cells activate the repression pathway that leads to epigenetic silencing of L1 via H3K9me3.
Revitalising the rudimentary replacement dentition in the mouse
Authors: Popa Elena M. , Buchtova Marcela , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Most mammals have two sets of teeth (diphyodont) – a deciduous dentition replaced by a permanent dentition; however, the mouse possesses only one tooth generation (monophyodont). In diphyodonts, the replacement tooth forms on the lingual side of the first tooth from the successional dental lamina. This lamina expresses the stem/progenitor marker Sox2 and has activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling at its tip. Although the mouse does not replace its teeth, a transient rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) still forms during development. The mouse RSDL houses Sox2-positive cells, but no Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here, we show that stabilising Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the RSDL in the mouse leads to proliferation of the RSDL and formation of lingually positioned teeth. Although Sox2 has been shown to repress Wnt activity, overexpression of Wnts leads to a downregulation of Sox2, suggesting a negative-feedback loop in the tooth. In the mouse, the first tooth represses the formation of the replacement, and isolation of the RSDL is sufficient to induce formation of a new tooth germ. Our data highlight key mechanisms that may have influenced the evolution of replacement teeth.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Commensal microbiota-induced redox signaling activates proliferative signals in the intestinal stem cell microenvironment
Authors: Reedy April R. , Luo Liping , Neish Andrew S. , Jones Rheinallt M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A distinct taxon of the Drosophila microbiota, Lactobacillus plantarum, is capable of stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, and inducing epithelial cell proliferation. Here, we show that microbial-induced ROS generation within Drosophila larval stem cell compartments exhibits a distinct spatial distribution. Lactobacilli-induced ROS is strictly excluded from defined midgut compartments that harbor adult midgut progenitor (AMP) cells, forming a functional ‘ROS sheltered zone’ (RSZ). The RSZ is undiscernible in germ-free larvae, but forms following monocolonization with L. plantarum. L. plantarum is a strong activator of the ROS-sensitive CncC/Nrf2 signaling pathway within enterocytes. Enterocyte-specific activation of CncC stimulated the proliferation of AMPs, which demonstrates that pro-proliferative signals are transduced from enterocytes to AMPs. Mechanistically, we show that the cytokine Upd2 is expressed in the gut following L. plantarum colonization in a CncC-dependent fashion, and may function in lactobacilli-induced AMP proliferation and intestinal tissue growth and development.
Aktuelle Aspekte der Diagnostik und Therapie der Oberflächenthrombose des Beines
Authors: Reich-Schupke S. , Stücker M. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDer derzeit aktuelle Terminus Oberflächenthrombose spiegelt besser als der alte Begriff Thrombophlebitis die Ernsthaftigkeit des Krankheitsbildes wider, welches bei etwa 25% der Patienten mit weitere thromboembolischen Komplikationen wie tiefen (Bein)Venenthrombosen und Lungenembolien einhergeht. Treten die Oberflächenthrombosen in Varizen auf, sollten diese nach Abheilung der akuten OVT saniert werden. Oberflächenthrombosen abseits der Varizen treten gehäuft bei malignen Grunderkrankungen, Thrombophilie und anderen Risikofaktoren der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose auf. Obwohl die Diagnose in der Regel klinisch gestellt werden kann, ist die Duplexsonographie unverzichtbar, um die Ausdehnung des Thrombus und ein mögliches Übergreifen des Thrombus in das tiefe Beinvenensystem zu erfassen. Dabei ist das komplette Venensystem beider Beine vollständig zu sonografieren, da der entscheidende Faktor für die Oberflächenthrombose die Hyperkoagulabilität ist und daher begleitende tiefe Venenthrombosen durchaus auch auf der Gegenseite auftreten können. Die Therapie der Oberflächenthrombose ist gestaffelt nach den betroffenen Gefäßen: 1) Bei kleinkalibrigen Astthrombosen sind Kühlung, Kompressionstherapie, nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika sowie eine Stichinzision mit Thrombusexpression angezeigt. 2) Bei Oberflächenthrombosen der Saphenavenen und großkalibriger Varizenäste über 5cm Länge wird eine Antikoagulation in Prophylaxedosierung über 4–6 Wochen empfohlen, begleitet durch eine Kompressionstherapie über 3 Monate. Bei Risikofaktoren wie Krebsleiden, Autoimmunerkrankungen oder Befall nicht variköser Venen kommt es nicht selten erst nach Absetzen einer 6wöchigen Antikoagulation zu thromboembolischen Komplikationen, so dass bei diesen Patienten entsprechende Instruktionen sinnvoll sind. 3) Reicht der Thrombus näher als 3 cm an das tiefe Venensystem heran bzw. greift er auf die tiefen Venen über, wird wie bei einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose therapiert.
Corporate Purpose and Financial Performance
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine , Prat Andrea , Serafeim George 
Published: January 2019

We construct a measure of corporate purpose within a sample of U.S. companies based on approximately 500,000 survey responses of worker perceptions about their employers. We find that this measure of purpose is not related to financial performance. However, high-purpose firms come in two forms: firms characterized by high camaraderie between workers and firms characterized by high clarity from management. We document that firms exhibiting both high purpose and clarity have systematically higher future accounting and stock market performance, even after controlling for current performance, and that this relation is driven by the perceptions of middle management and professional staff rather than senior executives or hourly or commissioned workers. Taken together, these results suggest that firms with midlevel employees with strong beliefs in the purpose of their organization and the clarity in the path toward that purpose experience better performance. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1230 .
‘Selfies’ helping the management of polytrauma
Authors: Djemal Serpil , Al-Kazemi Fatema , Aryafar Mohammadreza , Tomson Rachel 
Published: January 2019

Effective management of traumatic dental injuries remains a challenge for clinicians worldwide. Ideally, treatment should be carried out as soon as possible to optimize patient comfort and wound healing. However, delays often happen for a variety of reasons and sometimes the appropriate skills are not readily available. A fit and well 22-year-old female patient was seen by her local hospital's A&E department after sustaining serious injuries. The avulsed upper left canine had been partially replanted, but was in the wrong position. Other displaced teeth had not been repositioned completely and were incorrectly splinted. She had been in constant pain and unable to eat properly when she was eventually seen at King's College Hospital, 12 days later. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed multiple extrusive and lateral luxation injuries, as well as a dento-alveolar fracture of both the upper and lower labial segments. The existing splint was removed and the displaced teeth and the avulsed canine tooth were repositioned and this was verified radiographically and compared to a patient photograph (a ‘selfie’) which she had taken, rather fortuitously, prior to her serious injury. A new flexible splint was placed. Root canal treatment was initiated for the avulsed upper left canine tooth and endodontic treatment was eventually needed in all the injured teeth. In spite of the long delay, resolution of the symptoms and satisfactory healing was achieved and she was placed on annual recall. This case demonstrates that, even with very delayed presentation, the correct diagnosis and pragmatic management of severe traumatic dental injuries can still produce patient comfort and a reasonable prognosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The main aim of this case report is to describe the management of a patient with very delayed presentation of multiple luxation injuries along with a dento-alveolar fracture and an avulsed tooth in a young adult helped by a photograph on her mobile phone.
Preventing and managing back problems amongst dental professionals in dental practice
Authors: Pilkington Richard J J 
Published: January 2019

Occupational health problems in the dental setting have been highlighted in the past mainly focusing on cross infection and acquired illnesses, such as hepatitis B and HIV. Musculoskeletal problems have been documented over the years but little has been done to address them. This article highlights the potential problems that may arise if certain precautions are not taken into consideration. The main objectives are to make the dental professional aware that not looking after one's musculoskeletal health could result in premature retirement. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Simple measures such as ergonomic working with the correct use of dental equipment and conditioning of the body will hopefully aid the professional throughout his/her career.
Storage of Hydrogen in Activated Carbons and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Doğan E. E. , Tokcan P. , Kizilduman B. K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Activated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured as a function of pressure at 77 K. The hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon nanotube is 300% and 265% higher than the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbons synthesized in medium without and with ultrasonic waves, respectively. Results showed the correlation between hydrogen storage capacity and specific surface area. The highest H2 storage value was obtained with carbon nanotube at 77 K. As a result, activated carbon and carbon nanotube can be used in hydrogen storage and therefore, the olive leaf can be converted into a high added value product in the energy field.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-WC Thermal Sprayed Composite Coatings
Authors: Bober M. , Jakubowski J. , Radziszewski A. , Senkara J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstact
The paper presents results of investigations of the microstructure and selected properties of improved composite coatings consisting mainly of nickel matrix reinforced by WC particles. The coatings were obtained by flame spraying of powders mixture on non-alloy steel substrates with following material remelting. Structural investigations were performed using both optical and electron microscopy. The distribution of microhardness and abrasion resistance of deposited coatings were also determined. The complex structure of coatings and resulting high wear withstand are the consequence of an intensive action of liquid matrix with dissolving tungsten carbide particles and formation of secondary phases.
Filaments of galaxies and Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Zaninetti Lorenzo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The intersections between a spherical shell and the faces of Voronoi polyhedrons are numerically evaluated. The nodes of these intersections are the points that share the same distances from three nuclei. The nodes are assumed to be the places where we will find clusters of galaxies. The cosmological environment is given by the coupling between the number of galaxies as function of the redshift and the LCDM cosmology.
Does airborne ultrasound lead to activation of the auditory cortex?
Authors: Kühler Robert , Weichenberger Markus , Bauer Martin , Hensel Johannes , Brühl Rüdiger , Ihlenfeld Albrecht , Ittermann Bernd , Sander Tilmann , Kühn Simone , Koch Christian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As airborne ultrasound can be found in many technical applications and everyday situations, the question as to whether sounds at these frequencies can be heard by human beings or whether they present a risk to their hearing system is of great practical relevance. To objectively study these issues, the monaural hearing threshold in the frequency range from 14 to 24 kHz was determined for 26 test subjects between 19 and 33 years of age using pure tone audiometry. The hearing threshold values increased strongly with increasing frequency up to around 21 kHz, followed by a range with a smaller slope toward 24 kHz. The number of subjects who could respond positively to the threshold measurements decreased dramatically above 21 kHz. Brain activation was then measured by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and with acoustic stimuli at the same frequencies, with sound pressure levels (SPLs) above and below the individual threshold. No auditory cortex activation was found for levels below the threshold. Although test subjects reported audible sounds above the threshold, no brain activity was identified in the above-threshold case under current experimental conditions except at the highest sensation level, which was presented at the lowest test frequency.
The representation of some phrases in Arabic word semantic vector spaces
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Brychcín Tomáš 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate several ways to use morphological word analogies to examine the representation of complex words in semantic vector spaces. We present a set of morphological relations, each of which can be used to generate many word analogies. 1. We show that the difference-vectors for pairs which have the same relation to each other are similarly aligned. 2. We suggest that addition of difference-vectors is a useful phrase-building operator. 3. We propose that pairs in the same relation may have similar relative frequencies. 4. We suggest that homographs, which necessarily have the same semantic vectors, can sometimes be separated into different vectors for different senses, using frequency estimates and alignment constraints obtained from word analogies. 5. We observe that some of our analogies seem to be parallel, and might be combined. We use Arabic words as a case study, because Arabic orthography includes verb conjugations, object pronouns, definitive articles, possessive pronouns, and some prepositions in single word-forms. Therefore, a number of short phrases, built up of easily perceived constituents, are already present in stock semantic spaces for Arabic available on the web. Similar phrases in English would require including bigrams or trigrams as lemmas in the word embedding, although English derivational morphology allows for other relationships in standard semantic spaces which Arabic does not, for example negation. We make our corpus of morphological relations available to other researchers.
Creativity for Mental Health: Seeking New Answers to an Old Question
Authors: Forgeard Marie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mental health is one of the potential outcomes of creative behavior deserving of further research, as much of previous anecdotal and scientific evidence has offered conflicting findings on this topic. Integrating the expertise and methods used by scholars in different disciplines (e.g., art therapy, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, personality psychology) may help clarify the conditions under which creative behavior is or is not helpful for specific aspects of mental health, and generate new insights into the mechanisms that might explain such benefits.
Reading and Our Life Stories
Authors: Trávníček Jiří 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article addresses the topic of reading in the course of life. Its point of departure is the oral-history research carried out between 2009 and 2015 among 138 narrators (informants, respondents, interviewees) across the Czech Republic. The author presents its background, parameters as well as one of its general achievements-four moments of initiations on an axis of our reading life. The first of these takes the form of sociability (being accepted); the second-autonomy (mastering the skill); the third- maturity (being independent), the fourth-reflection (mirroring). What follows from this is the finding that reading undergoes continual development, whether a long continuity or a meandering chain of partial discontinuities. Thus, our oral history-based research shows that being open to the lifetime span provides us with a specific sensitivity towards reading, stressing mainly the fact of its being rooted in particular time-conditioned, life-motivated and purposive situations.