bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TCR Affinity Biases Th Cell Differentiation by Regulating CD25, Eef1e1, and Gbp2
Authors: Kotov Dmitri I. , Mitchell Jason S. , Pengo Thomas , Ruedl Christiane , Way Sing Sing , Langlois Ryan A. , Fife Brian T. , Jenkins Marc K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Naive CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiate into various Th cell subsets following TCR binding to microbial peptide:MHC class II (p:MHCII) complexes on dendritic cells (DCs). The affinity of the TCR interaction with p:MHCII plays a role in Th differentiation by mechanisms that are not completely understood. We found that low-affinity TCRs biased mouse naive T cells to become T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, whereas higher-affinity TCRs promoted the formation of Th1 or Th17 cells. We explored the basis for this phenomenon by focusing on IL-2R signaling, which is known to promote Th1 and suppress Tfh cell differentiation. SIRP⍺+ DCs produce abundant p:MHCII complexes and consume IL-2, whereas XCR1+ DCs weakly produce p:MHCII but do not consume IL-2. We found no evidence, however, of preferential interactions between Th1 cell–prone, high-affinity T cells and XCR1+ DCs or Tfh cell–prone, low-affinity T cells and SIRP⍺+ DCs postinfection with bacteria expressing the peptide of interest. Rather, high-affinity T cells sustained IL-2R expression longer and expressed two novel Th cell differentiation regulators, Eef1e1 and Gbp2, to a higher level than low-affinity T cells. These results suggest that TCR affinity does not influence Th cell differentiation by biasing T cell interactions with IL-2–consuming DCs, but instead, directly regulates genes in naive T cells that control the differentiation process.
From ERA-Interim to ERA5: the considerable impact of ECMWF's next-generation reanalysis on Lagrangian transport simulations
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Günther Gebhard , Li Dan , Stein Olaf , Wu Xue , Griessbach Sabine , Heng Yi , Konopka Paul , Müller Rolf , Vogel Bärbel , Wright Jonathon S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF's)
next-generation reanalysis ERA5 provides many improvements, but it
also confronts the community with a “big data” challenge. Data
storage requirements for ERA5 increase by a factor of ∼80
compared with the ERA-Interim reanalysis, introduced a decade ago.
Considering the significant increase in resources required for
working with the new ERA5 data set, it is important to assess its
impact on Lagrangian transport simulations. To quantify the
differences between transport simulations using ERA5 and ERA-Interim
data, we analyzed comprehensive global sets of 10-day forward
trajectories for the free troposphere and the stratosphere for the
year 2017. The new ERA5 data have a considerable impact on the
simulations. Spatial transport deviations between ERA5 and
ERA-Interim trajectories are up to an order of magnitude larger than
those caused by parameterized diffusion and subgrid-scale wind
fluctuations after 1 day and still up to a factor of 2–3 larger
after 10 days. Depending on the height range, the spatial
differences between the trajectories map into deviations as large as
3 K in temperature, 30 % in specific humidity, 1.8 % in potential
temperature, and 50 % in potential vorticity after 1 day. Part of
the differences between ERA5 and ERA-Interim is attributed to the better
spatial and temporal resolution of the ERA5 reanalysis, which allows for
a better representation of convective updrafts, gravity waves,
tropical cyclones, and other meso- to synoptic-scale features of the
atmosphere. Another important finding is that ERA5 trajectories
exhibit significantly improved conservation of potential temperature
in the stratosphere, pointing to an improved consistency of ECMWF's
forecast model and observations that leads to smaller data
assimilation increments. We conducted a number of downsampling
experiments with the ERA5 data, in which we reduced the numbers of
meteorological time steps, vertical levels, and horizontal grid
points. Significant differences remain present in the transport
simulations, if we downsample the ERA5 data to a resolution similar
to ERA-Interim. This points to substantial changes of the forecast
model, observations, and assimilation system of ERA5 in addition to
improved resolution. A comparison of two Lagrangian trajectory
models allowed us to assess the readiness of the codes and workflows
to handle the comprehensive ERA5 data and to demonstrate the
consistency of the simulation results. Our results will help to
guide future Lagrangian transport studies attempting to navigate the
increased computational complexity and leverage the considerable
benefits and improvements of ECMWF's new ERA5 data set.
Assessing the Magnitude and Risk Factors Associated With Undiagnosed Hypertension in Rural Rwanda
Authors: Mazimpaka Christian , Nsanzimana Sabin , Logan Jenae , Binagwaho Agnes , Wong Rex 
Published: March 2019

Individuals living with hypertension are predisposed to higher risk of stroke, kidney diseases and heart failure. Approximately 9.4 million people worldwide die from complications related to hypertension every year. Hypertension is often known as the silent killer because many people do not develop any symptoms until they get very sick. Early screening is particularly important for better treatment outcomes yet it remains a challenge in many countries. Worldwide, approximately 50% of people are living with undiagnosed hypertension. In Rwanda, the rate of undiagnosed hypertension is unknown, and so are the associated risk factors in rural communities. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the rate and risk factors of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in a rural community in Rwanda. The proportion of people having undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high. Out of 155 study participants, 41.9% had undiagnosed hypertension, with slightly more men having hypertension (52.3%) than women (47.7%). More than 98% of respondents either did not know or knew wrong information about hypertension, and only 3% knew they should have regular checkups with physicians. Age (p=0.027) and alcohol consumption (p=0.014) were found to be statistically significantly associated with hypertension. Smoking and exercise were not found to be risk factors as most Rwandans living in the rural areas are physically active. Programs to promote hypertension awareness, encourage regular physical checkups, and reduce alcohol consumption are needed to improve diagnosis and control of hypertension in Rwanda. Community programs offering free regular blood pressure checks may also be helpful in identifying early hypertension. Larger scale studies of this kind should be conducted to understand whether results can be generalized to other areas of Rwanda.
Anatomical location of AICA loop in CPA as a prognostic factor for ISSNHL
Authors: Kim Sang Hyub , Ju Yeo Rim , Choi Ji Eun , Jung Jae Yun , Kim Sang Yoon , Lee Min Young 
Published: March 2019

The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is a triangular-shaped space that lies at the junction of the pons and cerebellum. It contains cranial nerves and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). The anatomical shape and location of the AICA is variable within the CPA and internal auditory canal (IAC). A possible etiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is ischemia of the labyrinthine artery, which is a branch of the AICA. As such, the position of the AICA within the CPA and IAC may be related to the clinical development of ISSNHL. We adopted two methods to classify the anatomic position of the AICA, then analyzed whether these classifications affected the clinical features and prognosis of ISSNHL. We retrospectively reviewed patient data from January 2015 to March 2018. Two established classification methods designed by Cahvada and Gorrie et al. were used. Pure tone threshold at four different frequencies (0.5, 1, 4, and 8 kHz), at two different time points (at initial presentation and three months after treatment), were analyzed. We compared the affected and unaffected ears, and investigated whether there were any differences in hearing recovery and symptoms between the two classification types. There was no difference in AICA types between ears with and without ISSNHL. Patients who had combined symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo did not show a different AICA distribution compared with patients who did not. There were differences in quantitative hearing improvement between AICA types, although without statistic significance (p = 0.09–0.13). At two frequencies, 1 and 4 kHz, there were differences in Chavda types between hearing improvement and no improvement (p < 0.05). Anatomical variances of the AICA loop position did not affect the incidence of ISSNHL or co-morbid symptoms including tinnitus and vertigo. In contrast, comparisons of hearing improvement based on Chavda type classification showed a statistical difference, with a higher proportion of Chavda type 1 showing improvements in hearing (AICA outside IAC).
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Patients with Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Korubo Kaladada Ibitrokoemi , Ejele Oseikheumen Adebayo , Nwauche Chijioke Adonye 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine if AIHA plays a role in anaemia associated with malignancies, and ascertain the cancers in which AIHA occurs.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers, Nigeria.
Methodology: We conducted the study on patients with malignancies either on admission in the wards or attending follow up clinics. Healthy age/sex-matched subjects were used as controls. Cases with and without chemotherapy were analyzed as subgroups. Three hundred and seventy-six (376) participants (188 cancer patients and 188 controls) were enrolled in the study. Full blood count, reticulocyte count, blood film, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and bilirubin assays were conducted on anticoagulated blood samples of all the patients and controls. The DAT was performed on a fresh sample not more than 6 hours after collection using polyspecific anti-human globulin.
Results: Three (1.6%) of the 188 patients with malignancies were found to have a positive DAT of which 2 (1.1%) had strongly positive DAT with features of haemolysis and therefore had AIHA. The two patients with AIHA had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The third case was a weak positive DAT with malignant teratoma but did not have features of haemolysis. The cases of both AIHA and DAT were found in the group without chemotherapy. AIHA was the aetiology of anaemia in 2 (2%) of the 98 cases who had anaemia and were chemotherapy naive.
Conclusion: AIHA plays a minor role in the aetiology of anaemia in cancer and is more common in lymphoid malignancies. A positive DAT may occur without features of haemolysis.
Association between Demographic Factors and BMI with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran
Authors: Moghimi Nasrin , Rahmani Khaled , Rajabnia Mohsen 
Published: March 2019

Background: Regarding the association of osteoporosis with various fractures and its disabilities, high cost of treatment and rehabilitation, asymptomatic majority of patients and revealing after serious disability and preventable disability and its complications, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with demographic factors and body mass index (BMI) in patients referred to Sanandaj densitometry center.
Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study was carried out on 250 patients referring to Sanandaj densitometry center from September 2017 to September 2018. For the subjects, BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method at two bone segments, ie the hip and spine. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher exact test, chi- square test and logistic regression test using SPSS V.23 software.
Results: In 250 studied subjects, there were found 68 cases (27.2%) osteoporosis in spine region and 38 cases (15.2%) in hip region. There was a significant correlation between age and incidence of osteoporosis in the spine and hip (P-value < 0.001), with the increase in age, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased. Despite the prevalence of osteoporosis in females, there was no significant relationship between sex and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P-value > 0.05). Despite the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in the study population living in the city, there was no significant relationship between residence and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between education level and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.001), so that with the increase in education, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases. There was a significant correlation between BMI and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.05), with an increase in BMI, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of osteoporosis. Therefore, considering the increased risk of fracture, the morbidity and mortality due to osteoporosis and their costs, increasing awareness of people about complications, how to reduce the risk factors and timely treatment, it seems necessary.
The Relationship between Acceptance of Illness and Quality of Life in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baneh Tahereh Alidoost Balas , Khomami Homa Mosaffay , Mirhadian Leila , Atrkarroushan Zahra 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Study on quality of life and acceptance of the illness plays a significant role in the health of pregnant women, especially pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the acceptance of illness and quality of life in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 150 mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus referred to Al-Zahra Hospital of Rasht, Iran, using available sampling method. Data were collected by a demographic information checklist and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) in two dimensions, physical and mental health. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software and using chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Mantel-Haenszel tests.
Results: Among the mothers, 37.3% accepted the illness and 62.7% did not. There was a significant relationship between the quality of life status or score and the gestational age (p = 0.019), surgical history (p = 0.005), number of operations (p = 0.002) and previous history of diabetes in previous pregnancies (p = 0.037). However, with the control of individual and social variables, Mantel-Haenszel test did not show significant relationship between acceptance of illness and the quality of life of the mothers. On the other hand, the relationship between acceptance of illness and quality of life was not significant, based on χ2 test.
Conclusion: It is suggested that training classes be held before and during pregnancy for mothers at the reproductive age so that they have the readiness and knowledge to deal with the disease properly.
[Cu3(C6Se6)]n: The First Highly Conductive 2D π–d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Based on Benzenehexaselenolate
Authors: Cui Yutao , Yan Jie , Chen Zhijun , Zhang Jiajia , Zou Ye , Sun Yimeng , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanocrystals of a 2D π–d conjugated copper bis(diselenolene) coordination polymer (Cu‐BHS, BHS = benzenehexaselenolate) are synthesized via a simple homogeneous reaction between cupric ions and benzenehexaselenol (H6BHS). Its 2D extended hexagonal lattice is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction, and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity measured on compressed powder sample reaches 110 S cm−1 at 300 K, which is among the highest value ever reported for coordination polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic metallic characteristics of Cu‐BHS are confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and band structure calculation.
Mechanics of the low‐flow limit in slot‐die coating with no vacuum
Authors: Malakhov Robert , Tjiptowidjojo Kristianto , Schunk Peter Randall 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSlot‐die coating is a premetered, film‐deposition process compatible with a wide range of materials. Of topical interest to precision electronics applications is the deposition of high‐cost nanomaterial dispersions over moderately sized (>10  cm2) areas with submicron wet film thickness. In this work, a two‐dimensional (2D) model has been developed to understand the limits of the process and to predict the thinnest possible film achievable. Coined the low‐flow limit, this parametric operating boundary presents the minimum uniform, defect‐free film achievable at a given set of liquid properties and die/substrate geometry. We investigate the low‐flow limit with a model that allows menisci to locate anywhere on the die lands, faces, and substrates with prescribed contact angles, thereby minimizing the assumptions on the bead configuration. The model is validated via comparison of its low‐flow limit predictions to published experimental data. Analysis yields insights into the mechanics of coating bead breakdown at the low‐flow limit.
The Development and Evaluation of a Statewide Training Center for Home Visitors and Supervisors
Authors: Schultz David A. , Schacht Rebecca L. , Shanty Lisa M. , Dahlquist Lynnda M. , Barry Robin A. , Wiprovnick Alicia E. , Groth Elisabeth C. , Gaultney Wendy M. , Hunter Bronwyn A. , DiClemente Carlo C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper informs practice in community‐based home visiting workforce development by describing the development and evaluation of a university‐based training certificate program for home visitors and supervisors. The Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF; Wandersman et al., 2008) guides our conceptualization and paper organization. The ISF describes the components involved in translating research findings into effective implementation of prevention programs. We describe implementation and lessons learned from seven development activities: (a) review of the literature, (b) survey of other training initiatives across the country, (c) focus groups with home visitors and supervisors, (d) consultation with individual home visitors, (e) creation of a state advisory board of home visiting providers and stakeholders, (f) evaluation of two pilot trainings, and (g) video development. We then present evaluation data from 49 home visitors and 23 supervisors who completed the training certificate program after the pilot trainings. Both home visitors and supervisors rated training satisfaction highly, reported significant increases in self‐efficacy related to the training topics, and reported extensive use of motivational communication techniques, which are the foundational skills of the training content. These and other favorable results reflect the benefits of building on advances in theory and science‐based practice and of involving providers and stakeholders repeatedly throughout the development process.
Optimal intereye difference thresholds by optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: An international study
Authors: Nolan‐Kenney Rachel C. , Liu Mengling , Akhand Omar , Calabresi Peter A. , Paul Friedemann , Petzold Axel , Balk Lisanne , Brandt Alexander U. , Martínez‐Lapiscina Elena H. , Saidha Shiv , Villoslada Pablo , Al‐Hassan Abdullah Abu , Behbehani Raed , Frohman Elliot M. , Frohman Teresa , Havla Joachim , Hemmer Bernhard , Jiang Hong , Knier Benjamin , Korn Thomas , Leocani Letizia , Papadopoulou Athina , Pisa Marco , Zimmermann Hanna , Galetta Steven L. , Balcer Laura J. ,   on behalf of the International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal thresholds for intereye differences in retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer thicknesses for identifying unilateral optic nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis. Current international diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis do not include the optic nerve as a lesion site despite frequent involvement. Optical coherence tomography detects retinal thinning associated with optic nerve lesions.MethodsIn this multicenter international study at 11 sites, optical coherence tomography was measured for patients and healthy controls as part of the International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium. High‐ and low‐contrast acuity were also collected in a subset of participants. Presence of an optic nerve lesion for this study was defined as history of acute unilateral optic neuritis.ResultsAmong patients (n = 1,530), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer intereye difference threshold of 5μm and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer threshold of 4μm for identifying unilateral optic neuritis (n = 477). Greater intereye differences in acuities were associated with greater intereye retinal layer thickness differences (p ≤ 0.001).InterpretationIntereye differences of 5μm for retinal nerve fiber layer and 4μm for macular ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer are robust thresholds for identifying unilateral optic nerve lesions. These thresholds may be useful in establishing the presence of asymptomatic and symptomatic optic nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis and could be useful in a new version of the diagnostic criteria. Our findings lend further validation for utilizing the visual system in a multiple sclerosis clinical trial setting. Ann Neurol 2019;85:618–629
Silent progression in disease activity–free relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors:   University of California, San Francisco MS‐EPIC Team, Cree Bruce A. C. , Hollenbach Jill A. , Bove Riley , Kirkish Gina , Sacco Simone , Caverzasi Eduardo , Bischof Antje , Gundel Tristan , Zhu Alyssa H. , Papinutto Nico , Stern William A. , Bevan Carolyn , Romeo Andrew , Goodin Douglas S. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Graves Jennifer , Green Ari J. , Wilson Michael R. , Zamvil Scott S. , Zhao Chao , Gomez Refujia , Ragan Nicholas R. , Rush Gillian Q. , Barba Patrick , Santaniello Adam , Baranzini Sergio E. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Henry Roland G. , Hauser Stephen L. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveRates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history studies from the pretreatment era. Nonetheless, in our recently reported prospective cohort, more than half of patients with relapsing MS accumulated significant new disability by the 10th year of follow‐up. Notably, “no evidence of disease activity” at 2 years did not predict long‐term stability. Here, we determined to what extent clinical relapses and radiographic evidence of disease activity contribute to long‐term disability accumulation.MethodsDisability progression was defined as an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.5, 1.0, or 0.5 (or greater) from baseline EDSS = 0, 1.0–5.0, and 5.5 or higher, respectively, assessed from baseline to year 5 (±1 year) and sustained to year 10 (±1 year). Longitudinal analysis of relative brain volume loss used a linear mixed model with sex, age, disease duration, and HLA‐DRB1*15:01 as covariates.ResultsRelapses were associated with a transient increase in disability over 1‐year intervals (p = 0.012) but not with confirmed disability progression (p = 0.551). Relative brain volume declined at a greater rate among individuals with disability progression compared to those who remained stable (p < 0.05).InterpretationLong‐term worsening is common in relapsing MS patients, is largely independent of relapse activity, and is associated with accelerated brain atrophy. We propose the term silent progression to describe the insidious disability that accrues in many patients who satisfy traditional criteria for relapsing–remitting MS. Ann Neurol 2019;85:653–666