bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sluttified sex: Verbal misogyny reflects and reinforces gender order in wireless China
Authors: Jing-Schmidt Zhuo , Peng Xinjia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article describes emerging misogynistic labels involving the morphemebiăo‘slut’ as a gendered personal suffix in the Chinese cyber lexicon. We analyze the morphological, semantic, and cognitive processes behind their coinage, and the way they are used across gender lines in Chinese social media as a community of discourse practice. Our findings show that women participate in female pejoration as much as men do, and that men are more inclined than women to use pejorative labels that specifically attack female empowerment. Additionally, men construct masculinity and power by using certain misogynistic labels as generics. We argue that verbal misogyny is part and parcel of a larger gender ideology by illuminating the mutual constitution of the linguistic pejoration of women and the gender order in postreform China. This study has implications for research on women's conditions in contemporary China, raises awareness of gender inequality, and lays the groundwork for social actions toward gender equality. (Gender, sexism, neologism, social media, Chinese)*
Urban Water Conservation Policies in the United States
Authors: Gilligan Jonathan M. , Wold Christopher A. , Worland Scott C. , Nay John J. , Hess David J. , Hornberger George M. 
Published: June 2018

Urban water supply systems in the United States are increasingly stressed as economic and population growth confront limited water resources. Demand management, through conservation and improved efficiency, has long been promoted as a practical alternative to building Promethean energy‐intensive water supply infrastructure. Some cities are making great progress at managing their demand, but study of conservation policies has been limited and often regionally focused. We present a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of a new measure of urban water conservation policy, the Vanderbilt Water Conservation Index, for 195 cities in 45 states in the contiguous United States. This study does not attempt to establish causal relationships but does observe that cities in states with arid climates tend to adopt more conservation measures. Within a state, cities with more Democratic‐leaning voting preferences and large and rapidly growing populations tend to adopt more conservation measures. Economic factors and climatic differences between cities do not correlate with the number of measures adopted, but they do correlate with the character of the measures, with arid cities favoring mandatory conservation actions and cities in states with lower real personal income favoring rebates for voluntary actions. Understanding relationships between environmental and societal factors and cities' support for water conservation measures can help planners and policy makers identify obstacles and opportunities to increase the role of conservation and efficiency in making urban water supply systems sustainable.
Frictional Instabilities and Carbonation of Basalts Triggered by Injection of Pressurized H2O‐ and CO2‐ Rich Fluids
Authors: Giacomel Piercarlo , Spagnuolo Elena , Nazzari Manuela , Marzoli Andrea , Passelegue François , Youbi Nasrrddine , Di Toro Giulio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe safe application of geological carbon storage depends also on the seismic hazard associated with fluid injection. In this regard, we performed friction experiments using a rotary shear apparatus on precut basalts with variable degree of hydrothermal alteration by injecting distilled H2O, pure CO2, and H2O + CO2 fluid mixtures under temperature, fluid pressure, and stress conditions relevant for large‐scale subsurface CO2 storage reservoirs. In all experiments, seismic slip was preceded by short‐lived slip bursts. Seismic slip occurred at equivalent fluid pressures and normal stresses regardless of the fluid injected and degree of alteration of basalts. Injection of fluids caused also carbonation reactions and crystallization of new dolomite grains in the basalt‐hosted faults sheared in H2O + CO2 fluid mixtures. Fast mineral carbonation in the experiments might be explained by shear heating during seismic slip, evidencing the high chemical reactivity of basalts to H2O + CO2 mixtures.
Future Changes in Extreme El Niño Events Modulated by North Tropical Atlantic Variability
Authors: Ham Yoo‐Geun , Kug Jong‐Seong , Yang Woo‐Hyun , Cai Wenju 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe extraordinarily strong El Niño events, such as those of 1982/1983, 1997/1998, and 2015/2016, are known to cause critical socio‐economic impacts worldwide by disrupting global weather patterns, cyclones, drought/floods, and ecosystems. Therefore, it is a critical question how often such extreme El Niño will take place in the future. Although many climate models tend to simulate more frequency extreme El Niño under the greenhouse warming, there is a large intermodel diversity, with a range as large as the multimodel averaged change. The cause for this intermodel uncertainty is not known. Here we show that the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) mean precipitation plays a significant role in controlling changes in the extreme El Niño frequency under global warming; that is, much frequent extreme El Niño events under the greenhouse warming are simulated in the models whose climatological precipitation over the NTA is largely decreased. Relatively drier climatology over the NTA can induce a wetter climatology over the equatorial eastern Pacific through an atmospheric teleconnection, and it provides background condition that the El Niño‐related convective responses are amplified to push El Niño to the extremes.
Ambient Seismic Noise Image of the Structurally Controlled Heat and Fluid Feeder Pathway at Campi Flegrei Caldera
Authors: De Siena L. , Sammarco C. , Cornwell D. G. , La Rocca M. , Bianco F. , Zaccarelli L. , Nakahara H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarthquakes at Campi Flegrei have been low magnitude and sparse since 1985, denying onshore monitoring observations of their usual source for structural constraint: seismic tomography. Here we used continuous seismic records from 2011–2013 to reconstruct period‐dependent Rayleigh wave group velocity maps of the volcano. The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff rim faults bound high‐velocity intracrater products of historical eruptions, which act as a barrier for deep fluid migration. The anomaly with lowest group velocity is aseismic and corresponds to the portion of a fluid storage zone that was fractured during the 1984 volcanic unrest under Pozzuoli town. Earthquake locations show that fluids migrate from this area toward the Solfatara and Pisciarelli fumaroles along shallower low‐velocity fractures. The aseismic anomaly is likely fed by a deep‐seated offshore magmatic source. Its spatial relation with regional dynamics and observations from historical unrests mark the area as the most likely feeder pathway for fluid and magmatic inputs from depth.
Bone-conditioned medium contributes to initiation and progression of osteogenesis by exhibiting synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity
Authors: Asparuhova Maria B. , Caballé-Serrano Jordi , Buser Daniel , Chappuis Vivianne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGuided bone regeneration (GBR) often utilizes a combination of autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), and collagen membranes. DBBM and collagen membranes pre-coated with bone-conditioned medium (BCM) extracted from locally harvested autologous bone chips have shown great regenerative potential in GBR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the composition of BCM and its activity on the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. We detected a fast and significant (P < 0.001) release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) from autologous bone within 10 min versus a delayed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release from 40 min onwards. BCMs harvested within short time periods (10, 20, or 40 min), corresponding to the time of a typical surgical procedure, significantly increased the proliferative activity and collagen matrix production of BCM-treated cells. Long-term (1, 3, or 6 days)-extracted BCMs promoted the later stages of osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Short-term-extracted BCMs, in which TGF-β1 but no BMP-2 was detected, reduced the expression of the late differentiation marker osteocalcin. However, when both growth factors were present simultaneously in the BCM, no inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation were observed, suggesting a synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity. Consequently, in cells that were co-stimulated with recombinant TGF-β1 and BMP-2, we showed a significant stimulatory and dose-dependent effect of TGF-β1 on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation due to prolonged BMP signaling and reduced expression of the BMP-2 antagonist noggin. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable outcome from GBR procedures using BCM, derived from autologous bone grafts.
Specific stereochemistry of OP-1074 disrupts estrogen receptor alpha helix 12 and confers pure antiestrogenic activity
Authors: Fanning S. W. , Hodges-Gallagher L. , Myles D. C. , Sun R. , Fowler C. E. , Plant I. N. , Green B. D. , Harmon C. L. , Greene G. L. , Kushner P. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComplex tissue-specific and cell-specific signaling by the estrogen receptor (ER) frequently leads to the development of resistance to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Pure ER antagonists, which completely lack tissue-specific agonist activity, hold promise for preventing and treating endocrine resistance, however an absence of structural information hinders the development of novel candidates. Here we synthesize a small panel of benzopyrans with variable side chains to identify pure antiestrogens in a uterotrophic assay. We identify OP-1074 as a pure antiestrogen and a selective ER degrader (PA-SERD) that is efficacious in shrinking tumors in a tamoxifen-resistant xenograft model. Biochemical and crystal structure analyses reveal a structure activity relationship implicating the importance of a stereospecific methyl on the pyrrolidine side chain of OP-1074, particularly on helix 12.
PreDicta chip-based high resolution diagnosis of rhinovirus-induced wheeze
Authors: Niespodziana Katarzyna , Stenberg-Hammar Katarina , Megremis Spyridon , Cabauatan Clarissa R. , Napora-Wijata Kamila , Vacal Phyllis C. , Gallerano Daniela , Lupinek Christian , Ebner Daniel , Schlederer Thomas , Harwanegg Christian , Söderhäll Cilla , van Hage Marianne , Hedlin Gunilla , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Valenta Rudolf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRhinovirus (RV) infections are major triggers of acute exacerbations of severe respiratory diseases such as pre-school wheeze, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The occurrence of numerous RV types is a major challenge for the identification of the culprit virus types and for the improvement of virus type-specific treatment strategies. Here, we develop a chip containing 130 different micro-arrayed RV proteins and peptides and demonstrate in a cohort of 120 pre-school children, most of whom had been hospitalized due to acute wheeze, that it is possible to determine the culprit RV species with a minute blood sample by serology. Importantly, we identify RV-A and RV-C species as giving rise to most severe respiratory symptoms. Thus, we have generated a chip for the serological identification of RV-induced respiratory illness which should be useful for the rational development of preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the most important RV types.
Recurrent intragenic rearrangements of EGFR and BRAF in soft tissue tumors of infants
Authors: Wegert Jenny , Vokuhl Christian , Collord Grace , Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera Martin , Farndon Sarah J. , Guzzo Charlotte , Jorgensen Mette , Anderson John , Slater Olga , Duncan Catriona , Bausenwein Sabrina , Streitenberger Heike , Ziegler Barbara , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Graf Norbert , Stratton Michael R. , Campbell Peter J. , Jones David TW , Koelsche Christian , Pfister Stefan M. , Mifsud William , Sebire Neil , Sparber-Sauer Monika , Koscielniak Ewa , Rosenwald Andreas , Gessler Manfred , Behjati Sam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSoft tissue tumors of infancy encompass an overlapping spectrum of diseases that pose unique diagnostic and clinical challenges. We studied genomes and transcriptomes of cryptogenic congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), and extended our findings to five anatomically or histologically related soft tissue tumors: infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS), nephroblastomatosis, Wilms tumor, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A key finding is recurrent mutation of EGFR in CMN by internal tandem duplication of the kinase domain, thus delineating CMN from other childhood renal tumors. Furthermore, we identify BRAF intragenic rearrangements in CMN and IFS. Collectively these findings reveal novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies and highlight a prominent role of isolated intragenic rearrangements as drivers of infant tumors.
Yu–Shiba–Rusinov screening of spins in double quantum dots
Authors: Grove-Rasmussen K. , Steffensen G. , Jellinggaard A. , Madsen M. H. , Žitko R. , Paaske J. , Nygård J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA magnetic impurity coupled to a superconductor gives rise to a Yu–Shiba–Rusinov (YSR) state inside the superconducting energy gap. With increasing exchange coupling the excitation energy of this state eventually crosses zero and the system switches to a YSR ground state with bound quasiparticles screening the impurity spin by ħ/2. Here we explore indium arsenide (InAs) nanowire double quantum dots tunnel coupled to a superconductor and demonstrate YSR screening of spin-1/2 and spin-1 states. Gating the double dot through nine different charge states, we show that the honeycomb pattern of zero-bias conductance peaks, archetypal of double dots coupled to normal leads, is replaced by lines of zero-energy YSR states. These enclose regions of YSR-screened dot spins displaying distinctive spectral features, and their characteristic shape and topology change markedly with tunnel coupling strengths. We find excellent agreement with a simple zero-bandwidth approximation, and with numerical renormalization group calculations for the two-orbital Anderson model.
Global probabilistic projections of extreme sea levels show intensification of coastal flood hazard
Authors: Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Verlaan Martin , Jevrejeva Svetlana , Jackson Luke P. , Feyen Luc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to drive increasing extreme sea levels (ESLs) and flood risk along the world’s coastlines. In this work we present probabilistic projections of ESLs for the present century taking into consideration changes in mean sea level, tides, wind-waves, and storm surges. Between the year 2000 and 2100 we project a very likely increase of the global average 100-year ESL of 34–76 cm under a moderate-emission-mitigation-policy scenario and of 58–172 cm under a business as usual scenario. Rising ESLs are mostly driven by thermal expansion, followed by contributions from ice mass-loss from glaciers, and ice-sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Under these scenarios ESL rise would render a large part of the tropics exposed annually to the present-day 100-year event from 2050. By the end of this century this applies to most coastlines around the world, implying unprecedented flood risk levels unless timely adaptation measures are taken.
In situ architecture of the algal nuclear pore complex
Authors: Mosalaganti Shyamal , Kosinski Jan , Albert Sahradha , Schaffer Miroslava , Strenkert Daniela , Salomé Patrice A. , Merchant Sabeeha S. , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Baumeister Wolfgang , Engel Benjamin D. , Beck Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) span the nuclear envelope and mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. They are a hallmark of eukaryotes and deeply rooted in the evolutionary origin of cellular compartmentalization. NPCs have an elaborate architecture that has been well studied in vertebrates. Whether this architecture is unique or varies significantly in other eukaryotic kingdoms remains unknown, predominantly due to missing in situ structural data. Here, we report the architecture of the algal NPC from the early branching eukaryote Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and compare it to the human NPC. We find that the inner ring of the Chlamydomonas NPC has an unexpectedly large diameter, and the outer rings exhibit an asymmetric oligomeric state that has not been observed or predicted previously. Our study provides evidence that the NPC is subject to substantial structural variation between species. The divergent and conserved features of NPC architecture provide insights into the evolution of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery.
Biosynthesis of thiocarboxylic acid-containing natural products
Authors: Dong Liao-Bin , Rudolf Jeffrey D. , Kang Dingding , Wang Nan , He Cyndi Qixin , Deng Youchao , Huang Yong , Houk K. N. , Duan Yanwen , Shen Ben 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThiocarboxylic acid-containing natural products are rare and their biosynthesis and biological significance remain unknown. Thioplatensimycin (thioPTM) and thioplatencin (thioPTN), thiocarboxylic acid congeners of the antibacterial natural products platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), were recently discovered. Here we report the biosynthetic origin of the thiocarboxylic acid moiety in thioPTM and thioPTN. We identify a thioacid cassette encoding two proteins, PtmA3 and PtmU4, responsible for carboxylate activation by coenzyme A and sulfur transfer, respectively. ThioPTM and thioPTN bind tightly to β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (FabF) and retain strong antibacterial activities. Density functional theory calculations of binding and solvation free energies suggest thioPTM and thioPTN bind to FabF more favorably than PTM and PTN. Additionally, thioacid cassettes are prevalent in the genomes of bacteria, implicating that thiocarboxylic acid-containing natural products are underappreciated. These results suggest that thiocarboxylic acid, as an alternative pharmacophore, and thiocarboxylic acid-containing natural products may be considered for future drug discovery.
Guided morphogenesis through optogenetic activation of Rho signalling during early Drosophila embryogenesis
Authors: Izquierdo Emiliano , Quinkler Theresa , De Renzis Stefano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring organismal development, cells undergo complex changes in shape whose causal relationship to individual morphogenetic processes remains unclear. The modular nature of such processes suggests that it should be possible to isolate individual modules, determine the minimum set of requirements sufficient to drive tissue remodeling, and re-construct morphogenesis. Here we use optogenetics to reconstitute epithelial folding in embryonic Drosophila tissues that otherwise would not undergo invagination. We show that precise spatial and temporal activation of Rho signaling is sufficient to trigger apical constriction and tissue folding. Induced furrows can occur at any position along the dorsal–ventral or anterior–posterior embryo axis in response to the spatial pattern and level of optogenetic activation. Thus, epithelial folding is a direct function of the spatio-temporal organization and strength of Rho signaling that on its own is sufficient to drive tissue internalization independently of any pre-determined condition or differentiation program associated with endogenous invagination processes.
Recipes for improper ferroelectricity in molecular perovskites
Authors: Boström Hanna L. B. , Senn Mark S. , Goodwin Andrew L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe central goal of crystal engineering is to control material function via rational design of structure. A particularly successful realisation of this paradigm is hybrid improper ferroelectricity in layered perovskite materials, where layering and cooperative octahedral tilts combine to break inversion symmetry. However, in the parent family of inorganic ABX3 perovskites, symmetry prevents hybrid coupling to polar distortions. Here, we use group-theoretical analysis to uncover a profound enhancement of the number of improper ferroelectric coupling schemes available to molecular perovskites. This enhancement arises because molecular substitution diversifies the range of distortions possible. Not only do our insights rationalise the emergence of polarisation in previously studied materials, but we identify the fundamental importance of molecular degrees of freedom that are straightforwardly controlled from a synthetic viewpoint. We envisage that the crystal design principles we develop here will enable targeted synthesis of a large family of new acentric functional materials.
The 3.3 Å structure of a plant geminivirus using cryo-EM
Authors: Hesketh Emma L. , Saunders Keith , Fisher Chloe , Potze Joran , Stanley John , Lomonossoff George P. , Ranson Neil A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeminiviruses are major plant pathogens that threaten food security globally. They have a unique architecture built from two incomplete icosahedral particles, fused to form a geminate capsid. However, despite their importance to agricultural economies and fundamental biological interest, the details of how this is realized in 3D remain unknown. Here we report the structure of Ageratum yellow vein virus at 3.3 Å resolution, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, together with an atomic model that shows that the N-terminus of the single capsid protein (CP) adopts three different conformations essential for building the interface between geminate halves. Our map also contains density for ~7 bases of single-stranded DNA bound to each CP, and we show that the interactions between the genome and CPs are different at the interface than in the rest of the capsid. With additional mutagenesis data, this suggests a central role for DNA binding-induced conformational change in directing the assembly of geminate capsids.
Formation of self-assembled gold nanoparticle supercrystals with facet-dependent surface plasmonic coupling
Authors: Bian Kaifu , Schunk Hattie , Ye Dongmei , Hwang Austin , Luk Ting Shan , Li Ruipeng , Wang Zhongwu , Fan Hongyou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles, such as gold and silver nanoparticles, can self-assemble into highly ordered arrays known as supercrystals for potential applications in areas such as optics, electronics, and sensor platforms. Here we report the formation of self-assembled 3D faceted gold nanoparticle supercrystals with controlled nanoparticle packing and unique facet-dependent optical property by using a binary solvent diffusion method. The nanoparticle packing structures from specific facets of the supercrystals are characterized by small/wide-angle X-ray scattering for detailed reconstruction of nanoparticle translation and shape orientation from mesometric to atomic levels within the supercrystals. We discover that the binary diffusion results in hexagonal close packed supercrystals whose size and quality are determined by initial nanoparticle concentration and diffusion speed. The supercrystal solids display unique facet-dependent surface plasmonic and surface-enhanced Raman characteristics. The ease of the growth of large supercrystal solids facilitates essential correlation between structure and property of nanoparticle solids for practical integrations.