bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of Slide Rules and Stethoscopes: AI and the Future of Doctoring
Authors: Truog Robert D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHistorically, the practice of medicine has been a physically intimate endeavor. Physicians have used their hands to palpate and reveal the secrets hidden within the body. Smelling the breath for the ketosis of diabetes or tasting the skin for the saltiness of cystic fibrosis were among the physician's essential practices. Today, perhaps the most defining characteristic of a brilliant clinician is the ability to synthesize many images—from electrocardiograms, ultrasounds, CT scans, and so forth—into a coherent picture that can guide our diagnosis and treatment. Yet this is rapidly becoming a Sisyphean task. Just as we are about to drown in a deluge of data, AI is throwing us a life preserver, to save not only our patients but ourselves. But where will AI take us?
California Takes the Lead on Data Privacy Law
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. , Tovino Stacey A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the early 1970s, Congress considered enacting comprehensive privacy legislation, but it was unable to do so. In 1974, it passed the Privacy Act, applicable only to information in the possession of the federal government. In the intervening years, other information privacy laws enacted by Congress, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, have been weak and sector specific. With the explosion of information technology and the growing concerns about an absence of effective federal privacy laws, the legal focus has shifted to the states. Signaling a new direction in state data privacy and consumer protection law, the California Consumer Privacy Act establishes important rights and protections for California residents with regard to the collection, use, disclosure, and sale of their personal information. The CCPA is certain to spur similar legislation and to affect national and international businesses that collect data from California's residents. Understanding the new law is important for all data‐driven industries, including health care.
Human‐Animal Chimeras, “Human” Cognitive Capacities, and Moral Status
Authors: Degrazia David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn “Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities,” Julian Koplin explores a promising way of thinking about moral status. Without attempting to develop a model in any detail, Koplin picks up Joshua Shepherd's interesting proposal that we think about moral status in terms of the value of different kinds of conscious experience. For example, a being with the most basic sort of consciousness and sentience would have interests that matter morally, while a being whose consciousness featured the riches of loving affection, say, might have greater moral status and therefore deserve some sort of priority if the interests of the two beings conflicted. This approach represents an improvement over the more common, transparently anthropocentric habits of thinking about moral status, whether in connection with evaluating human‐animal chimera research, deciding what one can ethically eat, or pursuing some other moral inquiry.
Loss of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Potentiates Propagation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Stem Cells
Authors: Sun Qikai , Zhang Zechuan , Lu Yijun , Liu Qiaoyu , Xu Xiaoliang , Xu Jianbo , Liu Yang , Yu Hailong , Yu Decai , Sun Beicheng 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in the tumor environment and are critically involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of self‐renewal and maintenance of liver CSCs remain poorly understood.

Approach and Results
We identified that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which was expressed at low levels in human HCC samples and liver CSCs, restrained HCC formation and chemoresistance by attenuating liver CSC propagation. Mechanistically, XOR physically interacts with ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 15 (USP15), thereby promoting deubiquitination of Kelch‐like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1) to stabilize its expression, which leads to degradation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) through ubiquitination and subsequently reactive oxygen species accumulation in liver CSCs. Finally, our data reveal that XOR promotes USP15‐mediated Nrf2‐KEAP1 signaling to block liver CSCs and tumor propagation.

Conclusion
We identified that XOR may represent a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in HCC driven by liver CSCs.
Do Additional Clinical Risk Factors Improve the Performance of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) Among Postmenopausal Women? Findings From the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Larson Joseph , Cauley Jane A , Schousboe John T , LaCroix Andrea Z , Robbins John A , Watts Nelson B , Ensrud Kristine E 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe ability of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) to discriminate between women who do and do not experience major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) is suboptimal. Adding common clinical risk factors may improve discrimination. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative, a prospective study of women aged 50 to 79 years at baseline (n = 99,413; n = 5722 in BMD subset) enrolled at 40 US clinical centers. The primary outcome was incident MOFs assessed annually during 10 years' follow‐up. For prediction of incident MOF, we examined the area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI) of the FRAX model alone and FRAX plus additional risk factors (singly or together: type 2 diabetes mellitus, frequent falls [≥2 falls in the past year], vasomotor symptoms, self‐reported physical function score [RAND 36‐item Health Survey subscale), and lumbar spine BMD). For NRI calculations, high risk was defined as predicted MOF risk ≥20%. We also assessed calibration as observed MOF events/expected MOF events. The AUC value for FRAX without BMD information was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.66). Compared with the FRAX model (without BMD), the AUC value was not improved by the addition of vasomotor symptoms, diabetes, or frequent falls, but was minimally increased by adding physical function score (AUC 0.66, 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.67). FRAX was well‐calibrated for MOF prediction. The NRI of FRAX + additional variables versus FRAX alone was 5.7% (p < 0.001) among MOF cases and −1.7% among noncases (p > 0.99). Additional variables (diabetes, frequent falls, vasomotor symptoms, physical function score, or lumbar spine BMD) did not yield meaningful improvements in NRI or discrimination of FRAX for MOFs. Future studies should assess whether tools other than FRAX provide superior discrimination for prediction of MOFs. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of novel bis‐sulfone derivatives and their inhibition properties on some metabolic enzymes including carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Biçer Abdullah , Kaya Rüya , Anıl Barış , Turgut Cin Günseli , Gülcin İlhami , Gültekin Mehmet Serdar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a series of novel bis‐sulfone compounds (2a‐2j) were synthesized by oxidation of the bis‐sulfides under mild reaction conditions. The bis‐sulfone derivatives were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. Nuclear Overhauser effect experiments were performed to determine the orientation of the sulfonyl groups in bis‐sulfone derivatives. Here, we report the synthesis and testing of novel bis‐sulfone compound–based hybrid scaffold of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors for the development of novel molecules toward the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The novel synthesized bis‐sulfone compounds demonstrated Ki values between 11.4 ± 3.4 and 70.7 ± 23.2 nM on human carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (hCA I), 28.7 ± 6.6 to 77.6 ± 5.6 nM on human carbonic anhydrase II isozyme (hCA II), 18.7 ± 2.61 to 95.4 ± 25.52 nM on AChE, and 9.5 ± 2.1 to 95.5 ± 1.2 nM on BChE enzymes. The results showed that novel bis‐sulfone derivatives can have promising drug potential for glaucoma, leukemia, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease, which are associated with the high enzymatic activity of hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE enzymes.
lncRNA RMRP knockdown suppress hepatocellular carcinoma biological activities via regulation miRNA‐206/TACR1
Authors: Hongfeng Zhao , Andong Ju , Liwen Sun , Mingping Bi , Xiaowei Yang , Mingyong Li , Aimin Yue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNA, RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) plays an important role in cancer development and is closely correlated with prognosis in cancer patients. However, whether RMRP affects prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression level of RMRP in HCC and its correlation with prognosis in patients with HCC and explain the effects and associated mechanisms by conducting an in vitro study. The high expression level of RMRP was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Using in vitro analysis, RMRP knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration (P < .05). miRNA‐206 overexpression had similar effects in HCC cell lines (Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7). Using Western blot analysis and cellular immunofluorescence detection, RMRP downregulation significantly suppressed TACR1/Erk1/2 pathway, while miRNA‐206 was significantly upregulated (P < .05). RMRP downregulation inhibits HCC‐related biological activities by the regulation of miRNA‐206/TACR1.
A successful strategy for start‐upof a laboratory‐scale UASB reactor treating sulfate‐rich sugar cane vinasse
Authors: Barrera Ernesto L. , Spanjers Henri , Romero Osvaldo , Rosa Elena , Dewulf Jo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present research was to provide a strategy for the start‐up of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating sugar cane vinasse, with emphasis on the relevant sulfur compounds along the reactor height. To this end, a laboratory‐scale UASB reactor was started up and its performance under the applied conditions was studied.RESULTSBiomass was able to assimilate organic loading rates from 3 to 10 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) mR−3 d−1, reducing VFAs accumulation, while increasing biogas production rate (BPR) from 0.92 to 4.12 m3 mR−3 d−1. The COD and sulfate (SO42−) were mainly removed in the reactor bed, showing homogenous distribution in the blanket and settler zones. However, from bottom to top of the reactor, a slight decrease of total and free sulfide concentrations was observed, indicating that the sludge bed in the UASB reactor was exposed to H2S concentrations higher than those measured in the reactor effluent.CONCLUSIONSDuring 54 days, the development of macroscopic granules, the COD removal efficiency, the BPR and the CH4 content proved good indicators to monitor the start‐up period. Further research will be needed for strategy validation in pilot and full‐scale UASB reactors treating vinasse. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Association between grayscale sonographic and clinical findings in severe knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kauppinen Kyösti , Pylväläinen Juho , Pamilo Konsta , Helminen Olli , Haapea Marianne , Saarakkala Simo S. , Nevalainen Mika T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether ultrasonographic (US) findings associate with clinical findings in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Association of US findings with side‐of‐knee pain and inter‐reader agreement of knee US were also evaluated.MethodsOne‐hundred‐two patients (in total 123 knees) with severe knee OA were recruited for this cross‐sectional study. US was performed by a single observer, and on 53 knees by two independent observers to assess inter‐reader reliability. Preoperative clinical data was available for 69 knees. Cutoff values were applied to dichotomize US and clinical findings. The Chi‐square test, Mann‐Whitney test, and prevalence‐ and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK) were applied for statistical analyses.ResultsSeven of 99 associations tested were statistically significant. Associations were observed between range of flexion and lateral femoral (P = .009) and tibial (P = .001) osteophytes, mediolateral instability and damage to the lateral femoral cartilage (P = .014) and damage to the lateral meniscus (P = .031), and alignment and damage to the lateral femoral cartilage (P < .001), lateral tibial osteophytes (P = .037), and damage to the lateral meniscus (P < .001). A strong association was observed between medial‐sided pain and same‐sided cartilage damage and osteophytes (P < .001). That inter‐reader agreement was excellent on the medial side of the knee joint (PABAK = 0.811‐0.887).ConclusionsUS findings show a rather poor association with clinical OA findings. Inter‐reader agreement of knee US is excellent on the medial side.
Meiotic initiation in chicken germ cells is regulated by Cyp26b1 and mesonephros
Authors: Yousefi Taemeh Sara , Mahdavi Shahri Naser , Lari Roya , Bahrami Ahmad Reza , Dehghani Hesam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur knowledge of mechanisms involved in the meiosis of chicken germ cells is very limited. In mammalian fetal ovaries, the onset of meiosis is dependent on retinoic acid and subsequent upregulation of the Stra8 gene. To clarify the mechanism of meiotic initiation in chicken germ cells, we investigated the role of Cyp26b1, a retinoic acid‐degrading enzyme. The Cyp26b1‐inhibitor, ketoconazole was used to treat the ex vivo‐cultured stage 36 gonads/mesonephroi. Then, the progression of meiosis was studied by histological and immunohistochemical analysis and the level of the transcript for Stra8 was evaluated by a quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in individual ketoconazole‐treated gonads after 6 days in culture.The results revealed that meiosis was induced in both testes and right ovary upon inhibition of Cyp26b1 in the ex vivo‐cultured gonads, despite downregulation of Stra8 messenger RNA in the treated gonads. Also, meiosis was observed only when mesonephros was cultured alongside the left ovary.These findings demonstrate that in chicken, Stra8 is not the only factor for the entrance into meiosis, and Cyp26b1 and mesonephros play critical regulatory roles for the sex‐specific timing of meiotic initiation in birds.
Protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on lysophosphatidylcholine‐induced cellular senescence in cholangiocyte
Authors: Ohigashi Toshikazu , Kanno Keishi , Sugiyama Akiko , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Kishikawa Nobusuke , Otani Yuichiro , Kobayashi Tomoki , Matsuo Hiroaki , Tazuma Susumu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticobiliary maljunction and intrahepatic gallstones are at a high risk for biliary malignancy. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increased in the bile of these patients, and we have previously reported that LPC‐induced cytotoxicity causes senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cholangiocytes. We aimed to determine the protective effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on LPC‐induced cholangiocyte cytotoxicity.MethodsMMNK‐1, a human immortalized cholangiocyte cell line was treated with LPC with or without PC. To assess the biological effects of SASP components on cholangiocarcinoma, HuH28 and HuCCT1 (human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines) were cultured in the conditioned media where MMNK‐1 cells treated with LPC.ResultsThe presence of PC reduced reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative DNA damage in MMNK‐1 treated with LPC. Moreover, SA‐β‐gal activity was markedly downregulated by PC. The secretion of SASP components, including interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐6, and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 was also substantially reduced in the presence of PC. Cellular proliferation and migration were enhanced in HuCCT1 and HuH28 cells when cultured in the conditioned media, and these observations were suppressed by simultaneous addition of PC.ConclusionPC protects cholangiocytes against LPC‐induced cytotoxicity and cellular senescence, suggesting its potential as a target for inhibiting LPC‐related carcinogenesis and its promotion.
The Perpetual Outsider: Voices of Black Women Pursuing Doctoral Degrees at Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: Shavers Marjorie C. , Moore James L. 
Published: October 2019

This qualitative study explored the perceptions and experiences of Black female doctoral students at predominantly White institutions and their impact on academic persistence and overall well‐being. Fifteen Black female doctoral students participated in semistructured interviews, and each one was administered a demographic questionnaire and was extended an opportunity to participate in member checking. All data collected from the semistructured interviews, demographic questionnaires, and member‐checking exercises were analyzed using Black feminist thought as an interpretive lens. Whereas several themes emerged and are discussed in previous articles (Shavers & Moore, 2014a, 2014b), this article focused on the “Perpetual Outsider” theme, comprising the following subthemes: (a) unwelcoming spaces, (b) tokenism, and (c) outsiders at home. Implications are offered based on identity, support systems, and group counseling.Este estudio cualitativo exploró las percepciones y experiencias de estudiantes negras de doctorado en instituciones predominantemente blancas, así como su impacto en la persistencia académica y bienestar general. Quince estudiantes negras de doctorado participaron en entrevistas semiestructuradas, y a cada una de ellas se les administró un cuestionario demográfico y se les ofreció la oportunidad de participar en seguimientos de miembros. Todos los datos recopilados a partir de las entrevistas semiestructuradas, los cuestionarios demográficos y los ejercicios de seguimiento de miembros fueron analizados e interpretados desde la perspectiva del pensamiento feminista negro. Aunque surgieron varios temas que se comentan en artículos anteriores (Shavers & Moore, 2014a, 2014b), este artículo se centra en el tema del “Forastero perpetuo”, que incluye los siguientes subtemas: (a) espacios hostiles, (b) representación simbólica y (c) forasteros en casa. Se ofrecen implicaciones basadas en la identidad, sistemas de apoyo y consejería de grupo.
Multicultural Competence–Focused Peer Supervision: A Multiple Case Study of Clinical and Counseling Psychology Trainees
Authors: Somerville William , Marcus Sam , Chang Doris F. 
Published: October 2019

In this longitudinal, qualitative case study, 21 clinical and counseling psychology trainees met in leaderless peer supervision groups for 1 training year to discuss multicultural aspects of their clinical work. Peer supervision sessions were audio recorded and transcribed, and the content was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicated that, despite the absence of experts to facilitate discussions, participants were able to focus on multicultural issues and generally benefited from this type of peer supervision.En este estudio de caso longitudinal y cualitativo, 21 alumnos de psicología clínica y consejería se reunieron en grupos de supervisión entre pares sin líderes durante un año de su formación para discutir aspectos multiculturales de su trabajo clínico. Se grabó y transcribió el audio de las sesiones de supervisión entre pares, y luego se analizó el contenido usando un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron que, a pesar de la ausencia de expertos para facilitar las discusiones, los participantes fueron capaces de centrarse en los temas multiculturales y generalmente se beneficiaron de este tipo de supervisión entre pares.
Evaluation of liver failure in a pediatric transplant recipient of a liver allograft with inherited chromosomally integrated HHV‐6B
Authors: Bonnafous Pascale , Phan Tuan L. , Himes Ryan , Eldin Karen , Gautheret‐Dejean Agnès , Prusty Bhupesh K. , Agut Henri , Munoz Flor M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundActive infections of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) are frequent in immunocompromised recipients after transplantation. Nevertheless, they need to be distinguished from latent inherited chromosomally integrated genomes (iciHHV‐6) present in about 1% of the population to avoid unnecessary administration of toxic antivirals.MethodsA 5‐year‐old child presented with acute liver allograft rejection associated with HHV‐6 DNA in plasma, which led to an unfavorable outcome. We investigated the possibility of HHV‐6 infection derived from an iciHHV‐6 present in the donor's liver using molecular and histopathology studies in various tissues, including quantification of HHV‐6 DNA, genotyping, sequencing for antiviral resistance genes, relative quantification of viral transcripts, and detection of gB and gH viral proteins.ResultsThe presence of iciHHV‐6B was evidenced in the donor with signs of reactivation in the gallbladder and transplanted liver (detection of HHV‐6B mRNA and late proteins). This localized expression could have played a role in liver rejection. Low viral loads in the recipient's plasma, with identical partial U39 sequences, were in favor of viral DNA released from the transplanted liver rather than a systemic infection.ConclusionsDetermination of iciHHV‐6 status before transplantation should be considered to guide clinical decisions, such as antiviral prophylaxis, viral load monitoring, and antiviral therapy.
A Counselor‐Delivered Mindfulness and Social–Emotional Learning Intervention for Early Childhood Educators
Authors: Palacios Alfredo F. , Lemberger‐Truelove Matthew E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe authors discuss the results from an early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) intervention delivered by a professional counselor to 6 teachers in urban, culturally diverse, and economically challenged school environments. Results from a phenomenological analysis of the data evince the influence of the ECMHC intervention, which combined social–emotional learning with mindfulness‐based learning. In particular, results show how the teachers experienced growth in emotional regulation in and beyond the classroom.
A Portrait of the Person Seen Through the Four Dimensions of Focusing
Authors: Ikemi Akira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, the author examines how a person may be viewed through 4 dimensions of focusing: experiencing, reexperiencing, space, and the body. Elaborating on the theory and relevance to psychotherapy of each dimension, the author portrays a mindful, experiencing, sensing person who stands in the openness of not knowing; taps into the body as a resource to navigate life; creates new, fluid understandings of self and life; cocreates meaning with others; and lives forward with these novel meanings.