bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection of Triglycerides Based on an Enzymatic Reaction and Electrocatalytic Oxidation with Nortropine‐N‐oxyl
Authors: Ono Tetsuya , Sato Katsuhiko , Sasano Yusuke , Yoshida Kentaro , Dairaku Takenori , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Kashiwagi Yoshitomo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work investigated a simple triglycerides (TGs) detection method combining an enzymatic reaction, using only lipase, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol with nortropine‐N‐oxyl (NNO). Tributyrin was employed as a model TG. In this method, TGs are degraded by lipase to glycerol and fatty acids, after which the glycerol reacts with NNO. Preliminary cyclic voltammetry trials demonstrated that the anodic peak current increased along with the glycerol concentration, giving currents of 53.2 and 97.3 μA (at +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in response to 10 and 100 mM glycerol, respectively. Amperometry confirmed the same response during constant potential electrolysis at+0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This behavior was also observed in a system incorporating tributyrin and lipase, with increases in current proportional to the tributyrin concentration over the range of 0.1 to 10 mM.
Electrochemical Reduction of Vanadium(V)‐Cupferron Complex, VO(cupf)2OH
Authors: Kaplun Marina M. , Ivanov Vladimir D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of vanadium(V) complex with cupferron (N‐nitroso‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine), VVO(cupf)2OH, has been studied by polarography in wide potential range to verify the catalytic mechanism of electroreduction of coordinated cupferron ligand. Reduction of the complex was studied in the concentration range from 2 ⋅ 10−5 M to 10−3 M. Depending on the process conditions kinetics of catalytic reduction of coordinated cupferron is either controlled by adsorption step or governed by mixed control of diffusion and chemical reaction. Kinetic parameters of the reduction process are reported.Reduction of VVO(cupf)2OH complex is accompanied by adsorption and autoinhibition phenomena. V(II) ion in the surface bound complex of vanadium with cupferron catalyzes reduction of coordinated cupferronate ligands. In 1 mM solutions, the catalytic reduction of coordinated cupferron ligand shifts to more cathodic potentials due to formation of a monolayer of adsorbed vanadium(III)‐cupferron complexes. Reduction kinetics in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salt is consistent with multilayer cooperative adsorption of anionic vanadium(II)‐cupferron complex and tetraalkylammonium cations.
Electrochemical Signal Enhancer Fabricated Using Lysine‐rich Peptide for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Analysis
Authors: Yuan Ying , Xun Zhe , Zhang Bin , Guan Yifu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere we present a novel design of electrochemical signal enhancer to increase the detection sensitivity of electrochemical DNA biosensors. The key element of this enhancer is a lysine‐rich peptide (LRP). Its C‐terminal is conjugated with a planer molecule, being able to intercalate into the base pairs of probe‐target duplexes. The lysine residues of LRP are covalently linked with electrochemical signal indicators, acting as an assembly of electrochemical signal indicators. Experimental results proved the feasibility of the novel design. We have examined the effects of the numbers of lysine residues and the hybridization conditions on the detection sensitivity. The optimization procedures have led to significant sensitivity enhancement, and the LOD (limit of detection) has been determined to be 1.4 amol. This enhancer demonstrates advantages of easy operation, simple instrumentation, and high exemption from environmental influence.
Quick and Easy Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrodes with Ionic Liquid and Tetraruthenated Porphyrins for the Electrochemical Determination of Atrazine in Water
Authors: Calfumán Karla , Honores Jessica , Isaacs Mauricio , Quezada Diego , Valdebenito Javier , Urzúa Marcela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAtrazine is a pesticide used to control broadleaf weeds, however its wide distribution and its high persistence in the soil and in surface waters has resulted in a public and environmental health problem. Present results shows the design, construction and characterization of glassy carbon electrodes modified with tetrarutenated metalloporphyrin (M=Ni (II) and Zn (II)) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, BMIMNTF2. The modification was reproducible and sensitive for the electrochemical detection of atrazine in neutral media. The detection limit was 230 nM when using GC/BMIMNTF2/ZnTRP and 540 nM with GC/BMIMNTF2/NiTRP, meaning that his methodology can be a feasible and inexpensive way to detect atrazine in trace levels.
Chemically‐reduced Graphene Oxide Sensor for Dipyrone Quantification in Pharmaceutical Samples Using Amperometric Detection
Authors: de Faria Lucas Vinícius , Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa , Azevedo Gustavo Chevitarese , Sousa Rafael Arromba , Costa Matos Maria Auxiliadora , Muñoz Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza , Camargo Matos Renato 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDipyrone (metamizole sodium) is one of the most consumed drugs in the world. In this work a novel analytical method was developed for dipyrone sensing. This method involves the amperometric detection on a chemically‐reduced graphene‐oxide (CRGO)‐modified glassy carbon electrode. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of multilayer graphene layers that contributed to the electrocatalytic oxidation of dipyrone and increase in the electroactive area. Advantages of this sensor include elimination of previous separations, solvent extraction, or sample filtration, low detection limit (0.13 μmol L−1) with a linear range from 48 to 246 μmol L−1 and adequate recovery values (97–103 %). Applied to commercial pharmaceutical samples, this method showed results ranging from 451 to 541 mg of dipyrone per tablet, which agreed with the expected values. The results obtained by amperometry were compared statistically with the official method recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (iodometric method), with no significant differences between them at 95 % confidence level. The proposed method is accurate for the monitoring of sodium dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations, highlighting the lower reagent consumption and interferences in the analytical process.
Axially symmetric models for global data: A journey between geostatistics and stochastic generators
Authors: Porcu E. , Castruccio S. , Alegría A. , Crippa P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDecades of research in spatial statistics have prompted the development of a wide variety of models and methods whose primary goal is optimal linear interpolation (kriging), as well as sound assessment of the associated uncertainty (kriging variance). While kriging is of paramount importance for scientific investigations requiring high‐resolution maps, spatial statistics can be used for other classes of applications as well. Indeed, new areas are emerging where the main goal is to simulate from a statistical model whose parameters have been estimated from the data. This paper focuses on two different ways to model global data with axially symmetric Gaussian processes, for which the covariance function is nonstationary over latitudes and stationary over longitudes. Both strategies are illustrated through a global data set on surface temperatures generated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). On the one hand, we downscale surface temperatures through a classical geostatistical approach. We exploit Gaussianity assumption to focus on the second‐order structure, and we develop a novel class of axially symmetric models inspired from currently available isotropic models. We also propose a new covariance model that is axially symmetric. Covariance‐based approaches are notorious for their computational burden, and a considerable amount of recent literature has been devoted to overcome this problem. We propose a simulation‐based approach that works for processes defined on a lattice only. For such an approach, kriging cannot be performed as there is an underlying continuous process. At the same time, inference can be performed exactly on extremely large data sets.
Flexible Classification of Wisconsin Lakes for Improved Fisheries Conservation and Management
Authors: Rypel Andrew L , Simonson Timothy D , Oele Daniel L , Griffin Joanna D T , Parks Timothy P , Seibel David , Roberts Craig M , Toshner Scott , Tate Lori S , Lyons John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Successful fisheries management practices developed for one ecosystem can often be used in similar ecosystems. We developed a flexible lake classification framework in collaboration with ~100 fisheries biologists for improved fisheries conservation management in Wisconsin, USA. In total, 5,950 lakes were classified into 15 lake classes using a two-tiered approach. In tier-one, lakes were clustered into “simple” and “complex” sportfish assemblages. In tier-two, lakes were further clustered using accumulated degree days, water clarity, and special cases. We focus on temperature and clarity because these factors often drive fisheries change over time—thus a lake's class can change over time. Lake class assignments were refined through a vetting process where fisheries biologists with expert knowledge provided feedback. Relative abundance, size-structure, and growth rates of fishes varied significantly across classes. Biologists are encouraged to utilize class interquartile ranges in fisheries metrics to make improved fisheries assessments. We highlight hard-won lessons from our effort including: (1) the importance of co-developing classification frameworks alongside fisheries biologists; and (2) encouraging frameworks where lakes can shift classes and fisheries expectations over time due to factors like climate change and eutrophication.
Multiple convection‐driven Falkner‐Skan flow of Carreau nanofluid along a permeable wedge: An analytical approach
Authors: Chakraborty Tanmoy , Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe impression of multiple convective conditions on Falkner‐Skan flow along a permeable static/moving wedge is demonstrated here. The Carreau nanofluid model depending on the power law index is incorporated with the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. A suitable similarity conversion is consumed to bring out the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential system. The transformed system is tackled via analytical and numerical procedure by homotopy perturbation method and RK‐5 with shooting technique, respectively. Numerical computations assert that the growth of concentration and temperature boundary layer widths are in an inversely proportional relation to the permeability of the medium, whereas reverse effect is observed for conduction convection and conduction diffusion parameters. Also, with the enhancement of Brownian motion parameter, the rate of heat transport gets reduced for static wedge by 14.25% whereas for moving wedge the reduction is 10.61%. Another significant observation shows that the growth in mass transport with conduction diffusion is 17.65% greater for moving wedge in contrast to static one in accordance with other governing parameters.
Genome‐wide analysis of ETV1 targets: Insights into the role of ETV1 in tumor progression
Authors: Eid Wassim , Abdel‐Rehim Wafaa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractETS variant 1 (ETV1) is a key player in metastatic progression in several types of human cancers, yet the direct target genes of ETV1 and the mechanisms by which ETV1 exerts its deleterious function remain largely elusive. Here, we performed large‐scale mapping and analysis of target loci of ETV1 in the prostate cancer cells LNCaP using the DNA adenine methyltransferase identification technique, we identified close to 800 direct targets for ETV1. Expression analysis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed a positive regulation by ETV1 in most of the genes examined. Furthermore, gene and pathway analysis unraveled new signaling pathways and biological networks that interact with ETV1. Our findings cast light on genes and networks regulated by ETV1, it also opens new fronts for studying the role of ETV1 and its target genes in tumorigenesis.
Brusatol inhibits amyloid‐β‐induced neurotoxicity in U‐251 cells via regulating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Liu Xin , Xu HuaWen , Zhang YueQi , Wang Peng , Gao Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) has been reported to cause oxidative damage of neurons leading to neurotoxicity in a variety of diseases and cancers. As an anticancer drug, brusatol (BR) has been shown to have potent cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. In this study, the effect and mechanism of BR on Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity was investigated in U‐251 glioma cells. Using the MTT assay, the results suggest that BR ameliorated cell injury induced by Aβ in U‐251 cells. After running Hoechst and Western blot assays, BR prevented cell apoptosis induced by Aβ in U‐251 cells. In addition, BR inhibited the increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential levels induced by Aβ in U‐251 cells using the DCFH‐DA and Rh123 method. Furthermore, BR induced the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit neurotoxicity elicited by Aβ. These results suggest that brustasol is a valuable potential antitumor drug available for chemotherapy.
Rg3 inhibits gemcitabine‐induced lung cancer cell invasiveness through ROS‐dependent, NF‐κB‐ and HIF‐1α‐mediated downregulation of PTX3
Authors: Ahmmed Bulbul , Kampo Sylvanus , Khan Muhammad , Faqeer Abdullah , kumar Seewooruttun Pawan , Yulin Li , Liu Ji Wei , Yan Qiu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPTX3, a member of the long pentraxin subfamily, associated with innate immunity is indispensable for resistance to some cancer. Gemcitabine, an analog of cytosine arabinoside, has shown restrained benefits because of profound chemoresistance. The PTX3 expression on GEM in human lung cancer cells have not yet been clarified; the present study aimed to show reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediatory PTX3 expression through distinct mechanisms. Whereas ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine with strong antitumor activity. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis; Rg3 abrogates GEM‐induced production of ROS‐mediated activation of Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and inhibits nuclear piling‐up of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and HIF‐1α. On the basis of time and dose‐dependent manner, our data demonstrated that GEM‐induced PTX3 expression was dependent on ROS generation as it was abrogated by pretreatment of lung cancer cells with the free radical scavenger N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. Our data demonstrated that PTX3 upregulation by GEM correlated with the time‐dependent escalation of NF‐κB and HIF‐1α in the nucleus resulted from phosphorylation‐induced degradation of IκBα, whereas HIF‐1α upregulation was NF‐κB‐dependent. Increase in ROS expression in lung cancer cells on GEM treatment preceded the nuclear accumulation of NF‐κB and HIF‐1α and suppression of ROS diminished these effects. ERK1/2 and Akt activation mediated the effect of ROS on NF‐κB and HIF‐1α and their pharmacological inhibition suppressed GEM‐induced PTX3. Our study findings reinforced the role regarding PTX3 signaling in GEM‐induced resistance and pointed toward an unintended and undesired effect of chemotherapy and to get an active regimen; the synergy was associated with NF‐κB downregulation in lung cancer.
The Cardiovascular Effects of a Meal: J‐Tpeak and Tpeak‐Tend Assessment and Further Insights Into the Physiological Effects
Authors: Täubel Jörg , Ferber Georg , Van Langenhoven Leen , del Bianco Teresa , Fernandes Sara , Djumanov Dilshat , Kanters Jørgen K. , Graff Claus , Camm A. John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMeal intake leads to a significant and prolonged increase in cardiac output to supply the splanchnic vasculature. A meal is associated with sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system, and food ingestion is correlated with an increase in heart rate, an increase in cardiac stroke volume, and QTc interval shortening for up to 7 hours. Given the complexity of the system, one or several of many mechanisms could explain this observation. The shortening of the QTc interval was correlated with a rise of C‐peptide following food ingestion, but the mechanisms by which C‐peptide may be involved in the modulation of cardiac repolarization are still unknown. This shortening of the myocardial action potential caused by the ingestion of food was further investigated in the present study by measuring the QRS, J‐Tpeak, and Tpeak‐Tend intervals in search of further clues to better understand the underlying mechanisms. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on data collected in a formal thorough QT/QTc study in which 32 subjects received a carbohydrate‐rich “continental” breakfast, moxifloxacin without food, and moxifloxacin with food. We assessed the effect of food on T‐wave morphology using validated algorithms for measurement of J‐Tpeak and Tpeak‐Tend intervals. Our findings demonstrate that a standardized meal significantly shortened J‐Tpeak for 4 hours after a meal and to a much lesser extent and shorter duration (up to 1 hour) prolonged the Tpeak‐Tend and QRS intervals. This suggests that the QTc shortening occurs mainly during phase 2 of the cardiac action potential. As there was no corresponding effect on Tpeak‐Tend beyond the first hour, we conclude that a meal does not interfere with the outward correcting potassium channels but possibly with Ca2+ currents. An effect on mainly Ca2+ aligns well with our understanding of physiology whereby an increase in stroke volume, as observed after a meal, is associated with changes in Ca2+ cycling in and out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum during cardiac myocyte contraction.
Breast MRI screening for average‐risk women: A monte carlo simulation cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Mango Victoria L. , Goel Akshay , Mema Eralda , Kwak Ellie , Ha Richard 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundScreening high‐risk women for breast cancer with MRI is cost‐effective, with increasing cost‐effectiveness paralleling increasing risk. However, for average‐risk women cost is considered a major limitation to mass screening with MRI.PurposeTo perform a cost–benefit analysis of a simulated breast cancer screening program for average‐risk women comparing MRI with mammography.Study TypePopulation simulation study.Population/SubjectsFive million (M) hypothetical women undergoing breast cancer screening.Field Strength/SequenceSimulation based primarily on Kuhl et al8 study utilizing 1.5T MRI with an axial bilateral 2D multisection gradient‐echo dynamic series (repetition time / echo time 250/4.6 msec; flip angle, 90°) with a full 512 × 512 acquisition matrix and a sensitivity encoding factor of two, performed prior to and four times after bolus injection of 0.1 mmol of gadobutrol per kg of body weight (Gadovist; Bayer, Germany). An axial T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence with identical anatomic parameters was also included.AssessmentA Monte Carlo simulation utilizing Medicare reimbursement rates to calculate input variable costs was developed to compare 5M women undergoing breast cancer screening with either triennial MRI or annual mammography, 2.5M in each group, over 30 years.Statistical TestsExpected recall rates, BI‐RADS 3, BI‐RADS 4/5 cases and cancer detection rates were determined from published literature with calculated aggregate costs including resultant diagnostic/follow‐up imaging and biopsies.ResultsBaseline screening of 2.5M women with breast MRI cost $1.6 billion (B), 3× higher than baseline mammography screening ($0.54B). With subsequent screening, MRI screening is more cost‐effective than mammography screening in 24 years ($13.02B vs. $13.03B). MRI screening program costs are largely driven by cost per MRI exam ($549.71). A second simulation model was performed based on MRI Medicare reimbursement trends using a lower MRI cost ($400). This yielded a cost‐effective benefit compared to mammography screening in less than 6 years ($3.41B vs. $3.65B), with over a 22% cost reduction relative to mammography screening in 12 years and reaching a 38% reduction in 30 years.Data ConclusionDespite higher initial cost of a breast MRI screening program for average‐risk women, there is ultimately a cost savings over time compared with mammography. This estimate is conservative given cost–benefit of additional/earlier breast cancers detected by breast MRI were not accounted for.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Reshapable hydrogel tissue expander for ridge augmentation: Results of a series of successive insertions at the same intraoral site
Authors: Garner John , Davidson Darrell D. , Barwinska Daria , Eckert George J. , Tholpady Sunil S. , Park Kinam , Barco Clark T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral mucosa expansion before ridge augmentation is a procedure to reduce soft tissue exposure and to improve bone graft density and volume after augmentation. This study explored a novel, shapeable hydrogel tissue expander (HTE) in intraoral sites that had undergone previous expansion and surgery.MethodsNine beagle dogs had all premolar teeth extracted and adjacent alveolar bone reduced. After at least 3 months healing hydrogels were placed at 4 sites in each dog: maxilla and mandible, right and left. After 6 weeks of expansion, the hydrogels were removed and measured for volume expansion and physical condition. Punch biopsies were taken of the expanded oral mucosa. After 3 months, a second hydrogel insertion was performed at each of the same sites. After this second expansion cycle, volume and hydrogel condition were recorded. Three dogs received ultrasound imaging of the hydrogels during the second expansion. Necropsy specimens were taken of both expanded and non‐expanded oral mucosa.ResultsWithin 2 weeks after HTE insertion in both first and second insertions, blood flow returned to the pre‐insertion level. The first and second insertions resulted in linear oral mucosa gain of 8.13 mm, and 6.44 mm, respectively. First and second insertion hydrogels erupted from 4% of the first expansion sites, and 3% of the second expansion sites. There was no directional migration of the expanding hydrogel at any site. Histology found little inflammatory reaction to any hydrogel implant.ConclusionOral mucosa can be consistently and successfully expanded before bone graft for ridge augmentation even at sites with a history of prior surgeries.
Effects of edible coating containing nano‐emulsion of Aloe vera and eugenol on the physicochemical properties of shrimp during cold storage
Authors: Sharifimehr Shahrzad , Soltanizadeh Nafiseh , Hossein Goli Sayed Amir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDShrimp is nowadays recognized as a rich source of proteins and omega‐3 fatty acids. Edible nano‐emulsion coatings containing eugenol, as an antioxidant agent, and Aloe vera, as a functional compound, were prepared for the storage of pink shrimp over 7 days at 277 K. Samples of the nano‐emulsion were prepared under ultrasonication using 0, 10 and 20 g L−1 of Aloe vera as well as 0, 15 and 30 mL L−1 of eugenol along with Tween 80.RESULTSResults indicated that the low pH of Aloe vera reduced that of the nano‐emulsions while the particle size and turbidity increased with increasing Aloe vera concentration. Moreover, both colour and antioxidant activity of the nano‐emulsions were significantly affected by eugenol and Aloe vera concentrations (p < 0.05). Increasing eugenol concentration led to increased nano‐emulsion pickup but to reduced lightness. Higher concentrations of Aloe vera significantly (p < 0.05) decreased drip loss, cooking loss, pH rise and oxidation rates but enhanced hardness in the shrimp samples.CONCLUSIONSThe best results were recorded for the nano‐emulsion coating containing 30 mL L−1 of eugenol and 20 g L−1 of Aloe vera. The nano‐emulsion was successfully able to upgrade shrimp quality over 7 days of cold storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry