bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal threshold density in a stochastic resource management model with pulse intervention
Authors: Tan Yi , Ning Lijuan , Tang Sanyi , Cheke Robert A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman activities and agricultural practices are having huge impacts on the development of fishery and land resources through different ways. To model such systems that involve harvesting, an impulsive model of natural resources with a stochastic noise perturbation element is formulated to study the relationship between (a) the maximal expectation of biomass after harvesting or fishing events and (b) the minimal expectation of pest biomass and the number of times pesticide is applied. Using a detailed analytical treatment, time estimation, and numerical demonstrations, we establish that the proposed mechanism is capable of maximizing fish populations at the end of a fishing season and minimizing pest numbers after a crop harvesting season once the intensity of the noise is relatively small. Investigations of the effects of different parameters reveal that theoretical predictions from the new stochastic model accord with those from the deterministic case.Recommendations for Resource Managers
Various measures can be implemented to manage natural resources, such as adjusting fishing quantity and intensity to maximize fish population.
In the natural environment, population growth is inevitably affected by the environment noise. So it is important to understand the noise effect to maintain sustainability of resources.
Investigated methods are useful to converse resources and can be widely applied to control pests.
Global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories
Authors: Vandevijvere Stefanie , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Monteiro Carlos A. , Moubarac Jean‐Claude , Girling‐Butcher Martin , Lee Arier C. , Pan An , Bentham James , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis study evaluated global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink (UPFD) volume sales/capita and associations with adult body mass index (BMI) trajectories. Total food/drink volume sales/capita from Euromonitor for 80 countries (2002‐2016) were matched to mean adult BMI from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2002‐2014). Products were classified as UPFD/non‐UPFD according to the NOVA classification system. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyse associations between UPFD volume sales/capita and adult BMI trajectories, controlling for confounding factors. The increase in UPF volume sales was highest for South and Southeast Asia (67.3%) and North Africa and the Middle East (57.6%), while for UPD, the increase was highest for South and Southeast Asia (120.0%) and Africa (70.7%). In 2016, baked goods were the biggest contributor to UPF volume sales (13.1%‐44.5%), while carbonated drinks were the biggest contributor to UPD volume sales (40.2%‐86.0%). For every standard deviation increase (51 kg/capita, 2002) in UPD volume sales, mean BMI increased by 0.195 kg/m2 for men (P < .001) and 0.072 kg/m2 for women (P = .003). For every standard deviation (40 kg/capita, 2002) increase in UPF volume sales, mean BMI increased by 0.316 kg/m2 for men (P < .001), while the association was not significant for women. Increases in UPFD volume sales/capita were positively associated with population‐level BMI trajectories.
Acceptance and adjustment: A qualitative study of experiences of hearing and vision impairments and daily life among oldest old recipients of home care
Authors: Haanes Gro Gade , Hall Elisabeth O.C. , Eilertsen Grethe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe severity of age‐related hearing and vision impairments increases with age. Such sensory impairments are risk factors for functional decline, reduced social participation, withdrawal, depression and accidents, and hence they make people vulnerable and adversely affect their quality of life.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how the oldest old recipients of home care experience sensory impairments in daily life.DesignAn inductive, descriptive research design was used.MethodTen recipients of home care with a mean age of 89 years were interviewed in their homes. The study was implemented in accordance with the suggestions from Elo and Kyngäs for inductive content analysis.FindingsThe main theme concerned acceptance and adjustment in daily life. Subcategories concerning the category of reduced hearing were identified as “acceptable though annoying” and “hesitant about using hearing aids.” Subcategories concerning the category of reduced vision were “reading is increasingly challenging” and “living with vision diseases.” The third category of feeling weak was elucidated in the subcategories “troublesome bodily changes” and “strenuous days with limited energy.”ConclusionsIt is imperative to recognise that the oldest old are in a distinct phase of the lifespan. Despite this population being aware of their hearing and vision impairments, they do not always have the strength to alter the situation. Instead they accept it; they often struggle with more serious health challenges. Therefore, they are not prioritising using their limited energy reserves to try to improve or optimise their hearing and vision impairments themselves.Implications for practiceThe oldest old with sensory impairments cannot be expected to perform all the necessary activities of daily living or address their functional sensory impairments. Close monitoring and assistance need to be applied to the oldest old.
Functional integration for enrolment constrains evolutionary variation of phacopid trilobites despite developmental modularity
Authors: Oudot Morgane , Neige Pascal , Laffont Rémi , Navarro Nicolas , Khaldi Ahmed Yacine , Crônier Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractModularity and integration are variational properties expressed at various levels of the biological hierarchy. Mismatches among these levels, for example developmental modules that are integrated in a functional unit, could be informative of how evolutionary processes and trade‐offs have shaped organismal morphologies as well as clade diversification. In the present study, we explored the full, integrated and modular spaces of two developmental modules in phacopid trilobites, the cephalon and the pygidium, and highlight some differences among them. Such contrasts reveal firstly that evolutionary processes operating in the modular spaces are stronger in the cephalon, probably due to a complex regime of selection related to the numerous functions ensured by this module. Secondly, we demonstrate that the same pattern of covariation is shared among species, which also differentiate along this common functional integration. This common pattern might be the result of stabilizing selection acting on the enrolment and implying a coordinate variation between the cephalon and the pygidium in a certain direction of the morphospace. Finally, we noticed thatAusterops legrandidiffers slightly from other species in that its integration is partly restructured in the way the two modules interact. Such a divergence can result from the involvement of the cephalon in several vital functions that may have constrained the response of the features involved in enrolment and reorganized the covariation of the pygidium with the cephalon. Therefore, it is possible that important evolutionary trade‐offs between enrolment and other functions on the cephalon might have partly shaped the diversification of trilobites.
Apparatus architecture of the conodont Nicoraella kockeli (Gondolelloidea, Prioniodinina) constrains functional interpretations
Authors: Huang Jinyuan , Martínez‐Pérez Carlos , Hu Shixue , Zhang Qiyue , Zhang Kexin , Zhou Changyong , Wen Wen , Xie Tao , Benton Michael J. , Chen Zhong‐Qiang , Luo Mao , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe reconstruct the apparatus architecture of the gondollelid conodont Nicoraella kockeli based on fused clusters from the early Middle Triassic (middle Anisian, Pelsonian) of Luoping County, east Yunnan Province, south‐west China. This material was characterized non‐invasively using synchrotron x‐ray tomographic microscopy and the ensuing data analysed using computed tomography, allowing us to infer the composition, homologies and architectural arrangement of elements within the apparatus. Much of the original three‐dimensional architecture of the apparatus is preserved and our apparatus reconstruction is the best characterized of any taxon within the superfamily Gondolelloidea. This allows us to test architectural models for gondolelloids and prioniodinins, more generally, as well as the functional interpretations based upon them. In particular, we reject a recent functional interpretation of the conodont feeding apparatus which was based on a biomechanically‐optimized inference of apparatus architecture in a close gondolelloid relative of Nicoraella. Nevertheless, our architectural model provides a foundation for future functional interpretations of gondolleloids and prioniodinins, more generally.
The Eco‐Social Trauma Intervention Model
Authors: Gultekin Laura , Kusunoki Yasamin , Sinko Laura , Cannon Lindsay , Abramoski Kathryn , Khan Angubeen G. , Seng Julia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe describe a transdisciplinary theory of change for interventions to promote trauma recovery that utilizes an eco‐social approach to enhance health status and well‐being following trauma exposures. This four‐level theory of change could be applied to other population health problems, as well.MethodsThis theory‐development process included reviewing existing literature, identifying assumptions, defining core concepts, stating propositions, depicting concepts and propositions for clarity, and illustrating with case examples grounded in our focus on trauma.ResultsThe resulting Eco‐Social Trauma Intervention Model offers a framework for interventions that address the impact of trauma on the individual level through self‐regulation, interpersonal level through relationships, community/organizational level through safety, and societal level through identities. Application of this model to intervention development for those affected by trauma is intended to promote resilience, recovery, posttraumatic growth, and positive adaptations to traumatic stress for populations, going beyond the current Western paradigm of treating individuals for psychopathology.ConclusionsThe Eco‐Social Trauma Intervention Model offers an adaptable transdisciplinary framework for developing and researching scalable trauma interventions for individuals, communities, and populations.
Organizational Process, Rulemaking Pace, and the Shadow of Judicial Review
Authors: Carrigan Christopher , Mills Russell W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScholars have long understood that structuring internal work processes into more hierarchical or team‐based arrangements has consequences for organizational outputs. Building on this insight, this research examines the relationship between how agencies organize their rulemaking routines and the resulting rules. Tracking the job functions of rule contacts for economically significant rules proposed over a four‐year period, the analysis demonstrates that expanding the breadth of personnel types closely involved in a rulemaking is associated with a reduction in the time it takes to promulgate the rule. However, increasing the pace at which rules are finalized is not without cost, as those completed faster appear more likely to be overturned when challenged in court. The article not only adds another dimension to empirical scholarship studying rulemaking, which has largely focused on how forces originating outside the agency affect rules, but also suggests the importance of considering competing priorities in designing rulemaking processes.
Pulmonary hypertension with a low cardiac index requires a higher PaO2 level to avoid tissue hypoxia
Authors: Suda Rika , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Terada Jiro , Naito Akira , Kasai Hajime , Nishimura Rintaro , Sanada Takayuki Jujo , Sugiura Toshihiko , Sakao Seiichiro , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe optimal oxygen supplementation needed to avoid tissue hypoxia in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) level needed to avoid tissue hypoxia which results in a poor prognosis in patients with PH.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data for 1571 right heart catheterizations in patients suspected of having PH between 1983 and 2017 at our institution. Examinations were classified according to mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac index (CI) and the presence of lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH). The PaO2 levels needed to avoid tissue hypoxia were compared in each subgroup.ResultsThe estimated PaO2 equivalent to a mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) of 35 mm Hg (tissue hypoxia) was 63.2 mm Hg in all patients, 77.0 mm Hg in those with decreased CI (<2.5 L/min/m2) and 57.0 mm Hg in those with preserved CI. Multivariate regression analysis identified mPAP, CI and PaO2 to be independent predictors of extremely low PvO2. Similar results were observed regardless of the severity of PH or the presence of lung disease, PAH or CTEPH. The PaO2 level needed to avoid tissue hypoxia was higher in patients with mild PH and decreased CI than in those with severe PH and preserved CI (70.2 vs 61.5 mm Hg).ConclusionThese findings indicate that a decreased CI rather than increased mPAP induces tissue hypoxia in PH. Patients with PH and decreased CI may need adjustment of oxygen therapy at higher PaO2 levels compared with patients with preserved CI.
Increasing access to low‐intensity interventions for childhood anxiety: A pilot study of a guided self‐help program for Scandinavian parents
Authors: Esbjørn Barbara Hoff , Breinholst Sonja , Christiansen Bianca Munkebo , Bukh Lotte , Walczak Monika 
Published: May 2019

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for child anxiety. However, access to treatment is limited. It has been suggested that low‐intensity formats of parent‐delivered CBT may improve access to treatment. Our aim was to develop and pilot‐test the acceptability and effect of a low‐intensity therapist‐guided parent‐delivered group program for anxious children (age 7–12 years) adjusted to the Scandinavian culture. The program required 1.5 hours of therapist‐time per family. Mothers, fathers and children reported on revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) at referral, pre‐ and post‐treatment. Mothers and fathers also gave a qualitative account of their experiences. Thirty‐one families were enrolled and only one family dropped out. Mean age of the children was 9 years. Intent‐to‐treat analyses revealed significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms from pre‐ to post‐treatment for all informants. Large effect sizes were found for child anxiety symptoms as reported by mothers and fathers, and for child depressive symptoms as reported by mothers. Medium to large effect sizes was found for the self‐reported anxiety symptoms by the children, and for depressive symptoms reported by both children and fathers. More than 93% of the parents would recommend the program. Results suggest that our program may provide a new approach to improve access to treatment for anxious children in Scandinavia; however, further research must be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn.
P63 UPLC/MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of seven antibiotics in human serum – application to pediatric studies
Authors: Magreault S , Chaussenery-Lorentz O , Storme T , Jacqz-Aigrain E 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAntimicrobials are widely used in children but pediatric dose regimens are not always validated, and PK studies, required to validate dosage, are difficult to conduct in children. Low sampling volume limits the number of PK samples drawn per patient and analytical methods adapted to small volumes are not always available. Due to the wide inter-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in children, particularly neonates, therapeutic drug monitoring is required to adapt dosage to individual patients. In such clinical and analytical context, our aim was to develop a unique, rapid and highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay to quantify 7 antibiotics (amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, metronidazole and piperacillin) in low sample volumes (50 µL) for both routine monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.MethodsAfter protein precipitation by acetonitrile, the antibiotics and their associated deuterated internal standard were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm x 2.1 mm; 1.8 µm). The mobile phases consisted of a gradient of ammonium acetate (pH 2.4; 5mM) and acetonitrile acidified with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid (started ratio of 93:7, v/v), run at 0.5 mL/min flow rate (total run time: 2.75 min). Ions were detected in the turbo-ion-spray-positive and multiple-reaction-monitoring modes.ResultsThis method was linear from 0.1–50 µg/mL. Accuracy and precision were evaluated using Quality Control (2, 10, 35 µg/mL). Validation of the method proved that precision, selectivity and stability were all within the recommended limits.ConclusionThis method has the advantage of a unique, efficient and standardized analytical tool for rapid measurement of 7 antibiotics in low blood volume. It has been successfully applied for routine activity and pharmacokinetic studies in children and neonates.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose.
P64 Quality assessment for the continuous bioanalysis of aldosterone: application in an European paediatric study
Authors: Makowski N , Burdman I , Ali M , Majid H , Farahani S , Ciplea AM , Bartel A , Burckhardt BB 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundA validation is crucial to ensure the quality of an analytical method and its results. However, the validation is only a first step, further quality assessment has to be utilised to ensure high quality research. Specifications for the validation process, but also for the assessment of data, acquired in a study setting, are given by the EMA and FDA to ensure highest quality of the data.1 2MethodsA multi-level analytical quality system was established. Data of the calibration standards (CSs), quality control samples (QCs), and incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) were evaluated according to the specifications given by the EMA and FDA guidelines.[1,2] For a run to be considered valid ≥6 levels or 75% of the CSs and 67% of the QCs (≥50% per level) had to vary ≤±20% (LLOQ ≤±25%) from their nominal concentration.[1,2] For the ISR analysis at least 67% of the ISR samples have to lay in ±30% to the nominal concentration of the mean of the original and reanalysed value.[1]ResultsSeventy analytical runs were conducted, applying the quality measures, 79% runs were classified as valid and were used to determine unknown samples in a paediatric study. The high quality of the acquired data is reflected in the high conformity of the CSs and QCs to the EMA and FDA guidelines, 99% of the CSs and 95% of the QCs were accepted. Further underlining the high quality of the acquired data, 85% of the IRS have also been accepted. The assay was successfully used over a time period of 29 months.ConclusionThe results of the quality assessment confirmed the robustness of the aldosterone assay throughout the whole study duration. Thus, the samples measured by this assay are reliable and facilitate the high quality research in the paediatric population.ReferencesGuideline on bioanalytical method validation. European Medicines Agency, London, UK (2011).Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. US Department of Health and Human Services, US FDA Rockville, MD, USA (2018).Disclosure(s)Nina Makowski, Ilja Burdman, Mohsin Ali, Bartel A, Bjoern B. Burckhardt declare that there is no conflict of interest. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n°602295 (LENA).
P77 Pediatric drug data in Canadian drug monographs
Authors: Patel A , Duffett M , Mazer-Amirshahi M , Raja P , Chan A , van den Anker J , Samiee-Zafarghandy S 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundOptimal drug therapy in children relies on availability of pediatric-specific information. European and American legislative initiatives have resulted in advancement of pediatric pharmacotherapy data. We aim to describe the quality and quantity of pediatric information in drug monographs of New Active Substances (NASs) approved by Health Canada.Design/MethodsCanadian drug monographs of NASs approved by Health Canada, from January 2007 until December 2016, were systematically reviewed for pediatric-specific information. Pediatric-specific information defined as: pediatric indication, dosing, pediatric-friendly dosage forms, and pediatric safety data.ResultsOver the period of the study, Health Canada approved 281 NASs. Of all the non-biologic NASs (205, 74%), 39(19%) were approved for use in pediatric patients. The number of drugs with pediatric approval was lowest in 2008 (1, 8%) and highest in 2016 (8, 32%), following no specific pattern. Neonates had the lowest rate of drug approvals through all pediatric age groups (4, 2%). All drugs with pediatric approval had pediatric-specific dosing information with the majority of them presenting pediatric safety data (79%). Pediatric friendly formulation was only available in 20%(8) of drugs with pediatric approval. Studies in pediatric populations were the source of pediatric information in 59%(23) of drugs with pediatric approval.Conclusion(s)Less than 20% of the NASs approved by Health Canada for use in adults contain pediatric approval. Neonatal populations remain a therapeutic orphan, with severe lack of dosing and safety information. Safe and effective pediatric pharmacotherapy requires well-conducted pediatric research to enhance pediatric drug data. Canadian children are in need for legislative initiatives to promote pediatric drug development.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose