bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A common metabolomic signature is observed upon inoculation of rice roots with various rhizobacteria
Authors: Valette Marine , Rey Marjolaine , Gerin Florence , Comte Gilles , Wisniewski‐Dyé Florence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), whose growth is stimulated by root exudates, are able to improve plant growth and health. Among those, bacteria of the genus Azospirillum were shown to affect root secondary metabolite content in rice and maize, sometimes without visible effects on root architecture. Transcriptomic studies also revealed that expression of several genes involved in stress and plant defense was affected, albeit with fewer genes when a strain was inoculated onto its original host cultivar. Here, we investigated, via a metabolic profiling approach, whether rice roots responded differently and with gradual intensity to various PGPR, isolated from rice or not. A common metabolomic signature of nine compounds was highlighted, with the reduced accumulation of three alkylresorcinols and increased accumulation of two hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA), identified as N‐p‐coumaroylputrescine and N‐feruloylputrescine. This was accompanied by the increased transcription of two genes involved in the N‐feruloylputrescine biosynthetic pathway. Interestingly, exposure to a rice bacterial pathogen triggered a reduced accumulation of these HCAA in roots, a result contrasting with previous reports of increased HCAA content in leaves upon pathogen infection. Accumulation of HCAA, that are potential antimicrobial compounds, might be considered as a primary reaction of plant to bacterial perception.
The Impact of the Syrian Refugee Crisis on Nurses and the Healthcare System in Lebanon: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Dumit Nuhad Yazbik , Honein‐AbouHaidar Gladys 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore Lebanese nurses’ perspectives on the impact of the protracted Syrian refugee (SR) crisis on nurses working in hospitals and primary healthcare centers in Lebanon.DesignA qualitative research design drawing on a semistructured in‐depth interview approach.MethodsWe recruited participants through the Order of Nurses in Lebanon. We interviewed six primary healthcare nurses and six nursing directors working in regions with high concentration of SRs. We used the thematic inductive approach to analyze the data.FindingsTwo themes emerged. In Theme I, nurses and nursing directors described the SR health profile as poor at baseline, and as the crisis was protracting the type of diseases shifted from acute to chronic with convoluted complications. As for determinants of health, SRs had poor health literacy and poor living conditions. In Theme II, nurses and nursing directors voiced the impact of the SR crisis on nurses, nursing practice, healthcare system, and host community. They cited fatigue, burnout, and depleted compassionate care at the individual level; rationing and stressed interpersonal relationships at the practice level; shortage in resources and poor performance at the healthcare system level; and a shift in the patient population that led the host community to seek health care elsewhere. Alternatively, more money was injected, and new services and clinical programs were introduced.ConclusionsLebanese nurses bore a profound burden as a result of the SR crisis. Should this crisis be replicated in other contexts, the important lessons learned encompass (a) increasing access to care to refugees, coupled with an emergency plan to increase human health resources; (b) improving preparedness of nurses in handling priority health conditions; (c) documenting and reporting the challenges and resilience of health workers, especially nurses facing the crisis; and (d) engaging more nurses to be at the policy table.Clinical RelevanceThere is a need to prepare nurses for efficient response to crisis related to refugee health by increasing human resources and training them to be competent in delivering safe and high‐quality care necessary to respond to the special healthcare needs of the refugees.
Phenotypic and genotypic differences between Indian and Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Arora G. P. , Åkerlund M. , Brøns C. , Moen G.‐H. , Wasenius N. S. , Sommer C. , Jenum A. K. , Almgren P. , Thaman R. G. , Orho‐Melander M. , Eriksson J. , Qvigstad E. , Birkeland K. , Berntorp K. , Vaag A. A. , Groop L. , Prasad R. B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient form of diabetes characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action during pregnancy. Population‐based differences in prevalence exist which could be explained by phenotypic and genetic differences. The aim of this study was to examine these differences in pregnant women from Punjab, India and Scandinavia.MethodsEighty‐five GDM/T2D loci in European and/or Indian populations from previous studies were assessed for association with GDM based on Swedish GDM criteria in 4018 Punjabi Indian and 507 Swedish pregnant women. Selected loci were replicated in Scandinavian cohorts, Radiel (N = 398, Finnish) and STORK/STORK‐G (N = 780, Norwegian).ResultsPunjabi Indian women had higher GDM prevalence, lower insulin secretion and better insulin sensitivity than Swedish women. There were significant frequency differences of GDM/T2D risk alleles between both populations. rs7178572 at HMG20A, previously associated with GDM in South Indian and European women, was replicated in North Indian women. The T2D risk SNP rs11605924 in the CRY2 gene was associated with increased GDM risk in Scandinavian but decreased GDM risk in Punjabi Indian women. No other overlap was seen between GDM loci in both populations.ConclusionsGestational diabetes mellitus is more common in Indian than Swedish women, which partially can be attributed to differences in insulin secretion and action. There was marked heterogeneity in the GDM phenotypes between the populations which could only partially be explained by genetic differences.
Neuroimaging of Pediatric Arteriopathies
Authors: Goyal Pradeep , Malhotra Ajay , Almast Jeevak , Sapire Joshua , Gupta Sonali , Mangla Manisha , Mangla Rajiv 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPediatric arteriopathies are increasingly recognized in school‐aged children with a variety of presenting symptoms ranging from headache, seizures, encephalopathy, and neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as focal neurologic deficits due to acute ischemic strokes. However, unlike the adult stroke population, there are differences in the clinical manifestations, the stroke mechanism, and risk factors in pediatric ischemic stroke. There has been increasing awareness and recognition of pediatric cerebral arteriopathies as a predominant stroke etiology. Prompt diagnosis of arteriopathies is essential to limit injury and prevent recurrent stroke. Based on predominant vessels involved and clinical symptoms, these arteriopathies can be broadly divided into two categories: large‐medium size arteriopathies and small vessel arteriopathies. Each category can be further divided into inflammatory and noninflammatory according to their etiologies. The ability to distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory etiologies carries major prognostic implications for acute management and secondary stroke prevention as well as screening for systemic complications and counseling.
A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present
Authors: Kennaway David J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of melatonin. For both situations, there is a need for a specific assay for melatonin that is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since the mid‐1970s, there have been many assays developed to measure melatonin in blood and saliva. Radioimmunoassays and ELISA have predominated because of their relative simplicity and high throughput. In this review, I show that the early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal melatonin levels in humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, have provided us with the target values that immunoassays need to achieve, that is, daytime plasma melatonin levels <1 pg/mL. There are now many contemporary commercial assays available utilising both RIA and ELISA technologies, but not all achieve the standards set by the mass spectrometry assays. The performance of these assays is reviewed. I conclude with recommendations on issues researchers need to consider when conducting melatonin studies, including the importance of time of day of collection, validation of assays, the potential causes of poor assay specificity at low levels, the advantages/disadvantages of using saliva vs plasma and extraction assays vs direct assays, kit manufacturers responsibilities and the reporting requirements when publishing melatonin studies.
Risk factors for undernutrition among children 0–59 months of age in Myanmar
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Kim Jihye 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of childhood stunting in Myanmar is one of the highest among the countries of Southeast Asia. Cross‐sectional data from the Myanmar Demographic Health Survey 2015–2016 were used to examine risk factors for stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0–59 months. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 29.0%, 7.3%, and 19.2%, respectively. Accounting for sampling design and weights, multivariable logistic regression was conducted with 35 household, maternal, and child characteristics. Current pregnancy and maternal height <145 cm, home delivery, child's small birth size recalled by mother, and older age (ref: 0–5 months) predicted both stunting and underweight. Larger than average birth size was protective for all stunting, wasting, and underweight. Maternal body mass index <18.5 kg m−2was a common risk factor for wasting and underweight. Lower wealth quintiles, maternal engagement in nonagricultural occupation, and male child predicted stunting only. Younger child age and not receiving vitamin A supplementation in the previous 6 months were risk factors for wasting only. Regional variation was also seen, with a higher odds of stunting in the West‐South Region, North‐East States, and West States, compared with the Central Regions. In Myanmar, socio‐economic and demographic factors, poor maternal nutritional status, and living in certain geographical locations are affecting children's undernutrition. It is recommended that interventions for growth faltering focus on the first 1,000 days of life; optimum maternal nutrition be ensured during and before pregnancy and at adolescence; societal support be provided for mothers in poverty or engaged in nonagriculture; and region‐specific undernutrition pathways be understood.
Cardiovagal modulation in pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Chelimsky Gisela , Rausch Sydnee , Bierer Douglas , Feng Mingen , Simpson Pippa , Awe Elizabeth , Chelimsky Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThough reduced cardiovagal modulation accompanies adult IBS, adolescents with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) have not been studied. We aim to investigate whether adolescents with FGID have reduced cardiovagal modulation.MethodsAfter 10‐minute supine rest, we recorded ECG for 5‐minute supine and 5‐minute standing without support in healthy and FGID‐affected adolescents. After analysis with Kubios 2.2 for high‐frequency (hf) and low‐frequency (lf) heart rate variability (HRV), Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test compared individual paired supine and standing HRV data, while Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests compared HRV across groups.ResultsA total of 50 FGID subjects (90% females; median age 17 years [range 11‐21]) and 22 healthy comparison group (HC) (59% females; median age 14 years [range 10‐18]) participated. Both absolute and relative supine hfHRV exceeded standing in both groups. Absolute supine lfHRV was higher than standing in FGID patients and not in HCs, while relative supine lfHRV power was actually lower in both groups. Compared to HC, FGID group showed significantly lower absolute HRV, while relative HRV did not differ between groups.ConclusionsCardiovagal modulation is lower in adolescents with FGID. This difference impacts these subjects significantly. Whether this finding reflects a cause or a consequence of FGID is unknown.
Importance of OsRac1 and RAI1 in signalling of nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat protein‐mediated resistance to rice blast disease
Authors: Zhou Zhuangzhi , Pang Zhiqian , Zhao Shengli , Zhang Lingli , Lv Qiming , Yin Dedong , Li Dayong , Liu Xue , Zhao Xianfeng , Li Xiaobing , Wang Wenming , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Plants depend on Resistance (R) genes, most of which encode nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins, for pathogen race‐specific disease resistance. However, only a few immediate downstream targets of R proteins have been characterized, and the signalling pathways for R‐protein‐induced immunity are largely unknown. In rice (Oryza sativa), NLR proteins serve as important immune receptors in the response to rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

We used site‐directed mutagenesis to create an autoactive form of the NLR protein PID3 that confers blast resistance and used transgenic rice to test the resulting immunity and gene expression changes.

We identified OsRac1, a known GTPase, as a signalling molecule in PID3‐mediated blast resistance, implicating OsRac1 as a possible common factor downstream of rice NLR proteins. We also identified RAI1, a transcriptional activator, as a PID3 interactor required for PID3‐mediated blast resistance and showed that RAI1 expression is induced by PID3 via a process mediated by OsRac1.

This study describes a new signalling pathway for NLR protein‐mediated blast resistance and shows that OsRac1 and RAI1 act together to play a critical role in this process.
Functional complementarity of ancient plant–fungal mutualisms: contrasting nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon exchanges between Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina fungal symbionts of liverworts
Authors: Field Katie J. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Rimington William R. , Hoysted Grace A. , Beerling DavidJ. , Cameron Duncan D. , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Leake Jonathan R. , Pressel Silvia 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Liverworts, which are amongst the earliest divergent plant lineages and important ecosystem pioneers, often form nutritional mutualisms with arbuscular mycorrhiza‐forming Glomeromycotina and fine‐root endophytic Mucoromycotina fungi, both of which coevolved with early land plants. Some liverworts, in common with many later divergent plants, harbour both fungal groups, suggesting these fungi may complementarily improve plant access to different soil nutrients.

We tested this hypothesis by growing liverworts in single and dual fungal partnerships under a modern atmosphere and under 1500 ppm [CO2], as experienced by early land plants. Access to soil nutrients via fungal partners was investigated with 15N‐labelled algal necromass and 33P orthophosphate. Photosynthate allocation to fungi was traced using 14CO2.

Only Mucoromycotina fungal partners provided liverworts with substantial access to algal 15N, irrespective of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Both symbionts increased 33P uptake, but Glomeromycotina were often more effective. Dual partnerships showed complementarity of nutrient pool use and greatest photosynthate allocation to symbiotic fungi.

We show there are important functional differences between the plant–fungal symbioses tested, providing new insights into the functional biology of Glomeromycotina and Mucoromycotina fungal groups that form symbioses with plants. This may explain the persistence of the two fungal lineages in symbioses across the evolution of land plants.
Pyrethric acid of natural pyrethrin insecticide: complete pathway elucidation and reconstitution in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Xu Haiyang , Li Wei , Schilmiller Anthony L. , van Eekelen Henriëtte , de Vos Ric C. H. , Jongsma Maarten A. , Pichersky Eran 
Published: March 2019

Summary

In the natural pesticides known as pyrethrins, which are esters produced in flowers of Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae), the monoterpenoid acyl moiety is pyrethric acid or chrysanthemic acid.

We show here that pyrethric acid is produced from chrysanthemol in six steps catalyzed by four enzymes, the first five steps occurring in the trichomes covering the ovaries and the last one occurring inside the ovary tissues.

Three steps involve the successive oxidation of carbon 10 (C10) to a carboxylic group by TcCHH, a cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Two other steps involve the successive oxidation of the hydroxylated carbon 1 to give a carboxylic group by TcADH2 and TcALDH1, the same enzymes that catalyze these reactions in the formation of chrysanthemic acid. The ultimate result of the actions of these three enzymes is the formation of 10‐carboxychrysanthemic acid in the trichomes. Finally, the carboxyl group at C10 is methylated by TcCCMT, a member of the SABATH methyltransferase family, to give pyrethric acid. This reaction occurs mostly in the ovaries.

Expression in N. benthamiana plants of all four genes encoding aforementioned enzymes, together with TcCDS, a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of chrysanthemol, led to the production of pyrethric acid.
The B‐box zinc finger protein MdBBX20 integrates anthocyanin accumulation in response to ultraviolet radiation and low temperature
Authors: Fang Hongcheng , Dong Yuhui , Yue Xuanxuan , Hu Jiafei , Jiang Shenghui , Xu Haifeng , Wang Yicheng , Su Mengyu , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zongying , Wang Nan , Chen Xuesen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation and low temperature promote the accumulation of anthocyanins, which give apple skins their red colour. Although many transcription regulators have been characterized in the UV‐B and low‐temperature pathways, their interregulation and synergistic effects are not well understood. Here, a B‐box transcription factor gene,MdBBX20, was characterized in apple and identified to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis under UV‐B conditions in field experiments and when overexpressed in transgenic apple calli. The transcript level ofMdBBX20was significantly induced by UV‐B. Specific G‐box elements in the promoters of target genes were identified as interaction sites for MdBBX20. Further experimental interrogation of the UV‐B signalling pathways showed that MdBBX20 could interact with MdHY5 in vitro and in vivo and that this interaction was required to significantly enhance the promoter activity ofMdMYB1. MdBBX20 also responded to low temperature (14°C) with the participation of MdbHLH3, which directly bound a low temperature‐responseciselements in theMdBBX20promoter. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which MdBBX20 integrates low‐temperature‐ and UV‐B‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin.
Intra‐patient variability in tacrolimus exposure in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Evolution, risk factors, and impact on patient outcomes
Authors: Defrancq Charlotte , De Wilde Nika , Raes Ann , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Vande Velde Saskia , Van Winckel Myriam , De Bruyne Ruth , Prytuła Agnieszka 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate the evolution and factors associated with TAC IPV and its impact on patient outcomes in pediatric LT recipients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study including 41 children. The TAC IPV was expressed as the coefficient of variation and was calculated for years 1‐5 following LT. The number of missed clinic appointments was used as a surrogate marker for therapy adherence.ResultsWe identified a decrease in the TAC IPV during the first 3 years after LT (P < 0.01). Serum albumin in the first year (P = 0.03), hematocrit (P = 0.02) and total bilirubin (P = 0.04) in the third year, and therapy adherence (P < 0.01) in the fifth year were associated with TAC IPV. High TAC IPV was associated with biopsy‐proven acute allograft rejection (P = 0.04) and the need for biopsy during the first year (P = 0.02). There was a borderline association between TAC IPV and donor‐specific antibodies (P = 0.08) and CMV viremia (P = 0.07). High TAC IPV was a predictor of need for liver biopsy and AR with an odds ratio of 1.04 (95% CI 1.0‐1.1; P = 0.03) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.0‐1.1; P = 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsOur results highlight the impact of biological factors on TAC IPV during the early LT follow‐up and later also therapy adherence. High TAC IPV may be associated with adverse patient outcomes.
Is there a functional disadvantage to using the external iliac vessels for vascular anastomosis in children and adolescents undergoing renal transplantation?
Authors: Lorenzo Armando J. , Taylor Katherine , Farhat Walid A. , Gnech Michele , Rickard Mandy , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeRT remains the best available strategy for addressing stage 5 chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents. Technical aspects of the procedure can have a clear impact on complications and health of the allograft, including DGF. Immediate optimal perfusion is paramount, thus choosing a target vessel has to take into account the flow demands imposed by an adult‐size kidney in a proportionally smaller recipient. Herein, we explore the hypothesis that vascular anastomosis location can impact DGF adjusting for patient age and body size.MethodsRetrospective review of a single institution referral center transplant database, including information on 156 patients. We collected data on patient characteristics (age, height, BSA, gender, preoperative need for dialysis), donor source (deceased vs living), WIT/CIT, hemodynamics during the procedure, use of inotropes or diuretics, and location of the arterial and venous anastomoses. The primary outcome, DGF, was assessed by measuring the ttNC (in days), adjusting for age and BSA.ResultsLocation of the arterial anastomosis was clearly impacted by age and donor size (Figure 1A). On univariate analyses, longer ttNC was associated with deceased vs living donor (11.8 ± 11.5 and 4.3 ± 5.0; P < 0.001), preoperative need for dialysis (9.7 ± 11.0 and 6.5 ± 6.0, P = 0.02), location of arterial anastomosis (aorta [n = 21] 4.9 ± 6.1, common iliac [n = 93] 7.1 ± 7.3, external iliac 14.7 ± 14.5; P < 0.001, Figure 1B) and venous anastomosis (vena cava [n = 21] 5.6 ± 6.3, common iliac [n = 89] 7.1 ± 7.6, external iliac [n = 44] 13.8 ± 14); P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, this association remained statistically significant when adjusting for recipient age, height, BSA, donor source, change in blood pressure with unclamping, and use of inotropes and preoperative dialysis. The detrimental effect on ttNC was more salient when comparing external iliac vs common iliac and aorta or vena cava.ConclusionOur data suggest that anastomosis to a smaller caliber target vessel (ie, external iliac) in comparison with the common iliac or aorta/vena cava may be a risk factor for delayed return of graft function, independent of recipient size and donor source. This finding merit further evaluation, as it may help with intraoperative decision making during pediatric and adolescent RT.