bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of automation based on computer technologies into process of knowledge controlling of pharmacists-interns
Authors: Revyatskyy I. Yu. 
Published: October 2018

Optimization of the process of knowledge controlling of pharmacists-interns has become a current issue due to implementation of «Krok 3. Pharmacy» and increase in the number of hours for individual work. According to priority directions and program tasks for the development of pharmaceutical sector in Ukraine, we decided to involve contemporary standards for digital processing of information. Thus, the aim of the work was to optimize the process of controlling the level of knowledge by means of its optimization using computer technologies.
Generalization of the results of previous investigations on common computer testing systems and current approaches to digital information exchange was used. Data in electronic forms approved by Testing center of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (testcentr.org.ua) were also used as research objects. The data include information about pharmacists-interns who are allowed to pass Krok 3 and tests that are prepared by university tutors.
Based on analysis of non-automated conduction of testing at the department, we have pointed out certain processes. Writing a program code in the system of database management, automation of the following processes was implemented: formation of test options; preparation of a form for writing answers; standardization of digital information for downloading; downloading of information to database; checking and presenting results. Other processes (scanning, graphic processing and standardization of scanned imaging; digital record of scanned information) were automated applying other digital technologies.
As a result of conducted work, the process of mechanical transformation of test tasks from one information structure into the other one has been completely eliminated; obtaining of statistic information about each answer provided by a pharmacist-intern has been implemented. Possibility of automatic formation of test options according to the user’s suggested parameters became possible. Due to implementation of graphic processing of scanned forms with completed answers, possibility of their filling with a pen or a pencil of any color was provided. We also suggested storage of test tasks in HTML format in order to improve self-control of knowledge level of pharmacists-interns.
The development of technology of Fludeoxyglucose (18F) for injection, laboratory analysis methods
Authors: Kachaniuk V. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Sarychev S. Y. 
Published: October 2018

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has optimal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine and is a priority among radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET). 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has the longest half-life with the lowest energy of radiation, it allows to obtain PET images of high contrast at low dose loading on the patient. Low energy positron radiation provides high spatial resolution of PET images. However, the half-life of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose is large enough to allow the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals from the centralized production site to diagnostic centers with PET scanners (the so-called PET satellite concept), and to extend the time limits of PET research and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals [1].
The study is the development of technology and quality control methods to ensure quality at all stages of the production of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.
There was justified 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production technology and quality control at all stages of production, based on complex research in the department producing radiopharmaceuticals Ukrainian Center of radiosurgery consisting Clinical Hospital «Feofaniya».
Object of study – 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection, injection is used in nuclear medicine for PET diagnosis of cancer.
We used the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical methods.
For the first time based pharmaceutical research was the rational technology of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection for use in PET diagnosis of cancer patients. Methods of controlling drug 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection according monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis developed by established methods of control performance specifications and shelf life of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.
Marketing analysis of some groups antidiabetic medicines, presented at pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors: Vyshnytska I. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V. 
Published: October 2018

The scarcity of state resources, the social economic and demographic situation, the deterioration of health status of population require new state approaches of organizing medical and pharmaceutical provision for the population. The aim of the study is the drug supply for patients with type ІІ diabetes. Relevance of theme is determined by the prevalence of the disease, the development of complex concomitant diseases, complications, early disability and high mortality due to low-quality and untimely medical and pharmaceutical care for this category of patients.
The object of marketing research was the drugs registered in Ukraine, which cost is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type ІІ diabetes by the conditions of March 2017. The search for the proposals of drugs under study on the website of Morion Company was also conducted to assess the real state of the pharmaceutical market on this issue. The main used methods are bibliographic, statistical, marketing, graphic and systematization.
The Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of drugs with the cost, which is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type II diabetes, has been investigated, and found that Gliclazide and Metformin are registered on the territory of Ukraine in the form of 22 and 91 medicines, respectively. The part of domestic producers of Gliclazide and Metformin is 36% and 33%, respectively.
It was revealed, that the assortment of drugs Gliclazide and Metformin, which are available in the pharmacy network, is 2 and 1.4 times less than registered in Ukraine, respectively.
Gliclazide and Metformin tablets are offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers in a dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg and 500 mg, 800 mg, 1 000 mg, respectively.
Synthesis and anаlgеsic activity 5-methyl-3-aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7-oles derivatives
Authors: Ogorodnik A. G. , Yanchenko V. A. , Bobkova L. S. , Seredinska N. M. , Demchenko A. M. 
Published: October 2018

Pain is a signal of inflammation and disruption of the body. It is the most important protective and adaptive mechanism that ensuring the safety of the individual. A strong and prolonged effect of "pain" irritant arising in injuries or after surgical manipulation transforms the protective reaction of the body to harmful factor that is the cause of secondary violations physiological processes.
The aim of this work was the synthesis of substances in a series of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol and study the analgesic effect of the synthesized compounds.
The objects of our research were selected derivatives of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol, which were synthesized by condensation and subsequent cyclization of 6-methyl-2-metylsulfanilpirymidyn-4-ol (1) with the corresponding substituted benzoic acid hydrazide The primary evaluation of analgesic activity conducted on thermal stimulation models («hot plate»).
A number of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol derivatives were synthesized, and their structure and purity were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol was investigated in order to reveal the structure-activity relationship.
The screening for analgesic activity for 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol derivatives in in vivo experiments on hot plate models showed that the highest activity Was noted for the compound containing the methyl group in the fourth position of the aryl substituent, which is 184.28% of the change in the latent period of the reaction, which exceeds the action of the reference preparation of ketorolac by 71.57%. The introduction of halogens into the aryl moiety leads to a decrease in the analgesic activity of the compounds.
A series of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol derivatives were synthesized by condensation and subsequent cyclization of 6-methyl-2-metylsulfanylpirymydyn-4-ol with relevant substituted hydrazide of benzoic acid. The structure and purity of obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol was investigated in order to reveal the structure-activity relationship.
The screening of analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pirymidyn-7-ol derivatives in vivo models for «hot plate» shows that the highest activity was noted for compound containing methyl group in the fourth position of the aryl substituent, which is 184.28% change latent period reaction, that exceeds effect reference drug ketorolac at 71.57%. The introduction of halogens in the aryl fragment leads to a decrease analgesic activity of compounds.
Hypoglycemic properties of Portulaca oleracea herb in the experimental conditions of dexamethasone diabetes mellitus in rats
Authors: Kinichenko A. O. , Klevanova V. S. , Trzhetsynskiy S. D. , Maletskiy N. N. 
Published: October 2018

Nowadays the diabetes mellitus has epidemic character. That’s why searching and creating of new medicines for effective therapy of this pathology are actual.
Phytotherapy is one of the components in the complex treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It combines a wide range of pharmacological actions, fewer side effects and toxic reactions on the human body than synthetic drugs. Plants of genus of Portulaca L. can be perspective sources for searching new medicinal plants. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is used in folk medicine as hypoglycemic agent.
The aim of the research was to study the hypoglycemic activity of the infusion of Portulaca oleracea herb.
Simulation of insulin resistance was performed with intramuscular injections of glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, 0.125 mg/kg). Portulaca oleracea infusion administered orally at the dose 10 ml/kg. Gliclazide freshly suspension was used as a reference drug and it was administered orally by 50 mg/kg. Characteristic of glucose homeostasis was carried out using a short insulin test, oral glucose tolerance test. Also assessed the effect of Portulaca oleracea infusion and reference drug on adrenaline hyperglycemia.
Glucose level at 30 minutes after administration of insulin in the group that received Portulaca oleracea infusion reduced on 53.9%. There was a decrease on 37.5% in the group of diabetic control, and in the intact group – on 60.2%.
The result of oral test of glucose tolerance showed that the area under the glycemic curve in groups that received Portulaca oleracea infusion (314.9 mmol/L·min) and reference drug Gliclazide (376.0 mmol/L·min) did not significantly differ from the similar area of the intact group (372.7 mmol/L·min).
The administration of the epinephrine hydrochloride solution caused a sharp and significant increase in the glucose level in the diabetic control group. 90 minutes after the epinephrine injection the glucose level in animals which received Portulaca oleracea infusion increased in 3.15 times, and in the reference-group – in 1.97 times, which significantly differs from the diabetic control group.
The obtained results indicate that the infusion of Portulaca oleracea herb reduce the formation of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in the conditions of experimental dexamethasone diabetes mellitus in rats.
Historical preconditions of the creation of pharmacovigilance system in
Authors: Sholoiko N. V. , Matvieieva O. V. , Haiduk K. S. 
Published: October 2018

The system of pharmacovigilance in the world appeared in response to series of tragedies related to the use of medicines. The largest of these were «sulfanilamide boom», «thalidomide tragedy» and «bomb with time mechanism».
In Ukraine, the pharmacovigilance system has existed since 1996, and since 2002 Ukraine has been a member of the WHO international monitoring program for side effects. In 2000–2001 appeared the first orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine that regulated the implementation of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine, and in 2007, when the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 898 came into force, the legislative framework in the pharmacovigilance system has been radically changed. This is connected with the reflection of the provisions of Directive 2001/83 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Community code relating to medicinal products in the order № 898.
Today, the development of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine is carried out through adaptation to European legislation, which is stipulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the National Program of Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation to the Law of the European Union».
Among the prospects for the development of pharmacovigilance in Ukraine:

introduction of amendments and additions to the legislative base of Ukraine in the context of pharmacovigilance;
introduction of proactive management of the negative consequences of the use of drugs;
introduction of the Automated Information System with the Pharmacovigilance System (AISЗ) into the health care system of Ukraine;
dissemination of necessary knowledge about adverse reactions among the public, establishing the algorithm of action in case of an adverse reaction, the promotion of compliance and trust between the patient and the physician, reasoning of the rational, cautious and correct use of drugs and the prevention of self-treatment of serious conditions.
Study of anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of common pine extracts
Authors: Popadynets O. G. , Grycyk A. R. , Mandzii T. P. 
Published: October 2018

For pharmacological correction of inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are traditionally used. The mechanism of action of most of these drugs is related to the ability to suppress the synthesis of prostaglandins by blockade of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Because the world is saved increased interest in finding new drugs, possibly with unconventional mechanism of action and, of course, with minimal side effects. Perspective in this respect are substances of vegetable origin - pine extracts of ordinary.
Objects of the study: water extract from pine sylvestris, alcohol extract (70%) from pine sylvestris. Acute toxicity of dry extract of common pine was determined according to toxicological classification of Sydorov K. K. (1973). Experimental research of acute toxicity was performed according to the method of Prozorovskii V. К. and co-authors (1983). Nonlinear rats of both sexes were involved in the experiment. Observation of the animals was conducted during 14 days. According to the results of research the extract of common pine is classified as the substance of the 5-th toxic class practically non-toxic. The anti-inflammatory activity of common pine extracts was determined on the model of inflammation of the rat paw. For morphological studies were carried fence organs: heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs. Preparation of organs for the research was performed according to the generally accepted in morphology. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Research results were processed using the statistical package of program «STATISTICA® for Windows 10.0» (StatSoft Inc.). The estimation of authenticity of differences of average value was conducted using the Student’s t- criterion. Changes were considered reliable at р ≤ 0.05. The results of the study of acute toxicity of dry extract of Scots pine (LD50 > 6 000 mg/kg). Allowed to carry this extract, according to the generally accepted classification of K. Sidorov's toxicity to the fifth grade - practically non-toxic. When conducting histological studies it was found that the surface of the liver, kidneys and adrenals is smooth. Color, shape, size of organs is normal. Pancreas is grayish-pink in color. The spleen is full-blooded, supple. Slime shell of the stomach with a pronounced relief of the folds. The intestinal mucosa is unchanged. In the thoracic cavity, all the organs of sowing are anatomically correct. The heart muscle on the incision is dark red, the airway sheets of the pleura are not changed. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was shown is manifested by the water-alcoholic extract of common pine, which suppressed the inflammatory reaction on 6,5% after 5 hours.
Сhronic toxicity testing complex phytopoliextraction of sedative action
Authors: Dyachok I. L. , Pinyazhko O. R. , Ivankiv O. L. 
Published: October 2018

Development and introduction in medical practice sedative meals on the base of complex phytopoliextracts from the domestic medical plants permitted for medical application is highly actual because of incrised incidence of abnormal psychology disorders determined by socioeconomical problems, global informative boom, ecological problems, worsening of life quality.
The aim of a study – determination of the sedative phytopoliextraction complex chronic toxicity parameters in experiments after oral administration to laboratory rats.
Standardized phytopoliextraction сomplex which is composed of extracts of medical plants (Valeriana officinalis L., Crataégus, Melissa officinalis L., Hypericum, Mentha piperita L., Húmulus lúpulus, Viburnum).
It was determined that phytopoliextraction complex is non-toxic compound – LD50 drug after a single oral administration to mice is > 5.0 ml/kg, to rats > 10.0 ml/kg. A two-month administration of a phytopolietextraction complex in an effective and sub-toxic dose (1 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg, respectively) does not exert a toxic effect on the general state of the behavior and the increase in the weight of the animals. Phytopolietextraction complex in the subtotoxic dose does not change the functional state of the CNS in male rats, but in the effective state it increases the research activity. At the same time, it exerts a certain stimulating effect on females, due to the content of ethyl alcohol, and in a sub-toxic dose has a hypoglycemic effect largely due to the presence of ethyl alcohol.
Thus, futher experiments have to be provided to learn other chronic toxicity parametres like local localirritating action, embrio- and gonadotoxicity.
Hepatoprotective activity of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives, which contains on c5-atomic carbon hydroxy(phenyl)methyl dependent
Authors: Rud A. M. , Kaplaushenko A. G. , Pruglo E. S. , Frolova Yu. S. 
Published: October 2018

Relevance of pharmaceuticals with high efficiency and low cost for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the digestive system is unquestionable. It would be appropriate to mention that we carried out an analysis of a number of studies in which hepatoprotective effects of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were carried out, and showed high hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, the search for hepatoprotectors in the series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives has not only theoretical but also practical significance.
The aim of our work was to study the first synthesized derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, which was containing substituents on C5 by carbon atom in conditions of tetrachormethane hepatitis.
To model toxic hepatitis, a hepatotoxic xenobiotic, carbon tetrachloride, was used. The study of biochemical indicators of liver status was carried out 24 hours after the last injection of carbon tetrachloride. The ability of the test compounds to restore the integrity of hepatocyte membranes was determined by the anti-cytolytic effect (decrease in the activity of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)).
According to the results of the study, it was found that among 43 test compounds, 5 are able to prevent survival at 85.71%.
Thus, among the substances studied, compound 2c, which contributed 85.71% of the survival of the experimental animals and decrease 33.43% in ALT and 34.33% in AST. In this case, a very weak inverse dependence of the above indices was observed (r = -0.31).
Some regularities of the chemical structure of the hepatoprotective action of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives have been established, so the survival of the experimental animals decreased with the introduction of a phenyl substituent of the starting thiones with N4.
MEMAHAMI BALAGHAH DENGAN MUDAH
Authors: Hafidz Muhammad 
Published: October 2018

Balaghah merupakan ilmu yang mengkaji keindahan bahasa al-Qurâ€™an.Â OlehÂ pelajar bahasa Arab dianggap materi sulit karena beberapa hal, pertama, balaghah membahas mengenai hubungan kata dan ungkapan dengan situasi, lingkungan, dan makna, dalam balaghah ada makna haqiqi (makna denotatif) dan majazi (makna konotatif), ada hubungan ungkapan dengan perasaan, keindahan, dan imajinasi. Kedua, contoh-contoh yang tersaji dalam buku-buku balaghah diambil dari syair-syair arab, yang bahasanya terasa asing bagi pelajar dan cara memahaminya tidak seperti memahami kalimat biasa. Maka perlu adaÂ solusi untuk membantu mempermudahnya, diantaranya adalah perubahan metode pengajaran dan penyusunan buku balaghah dengan pendekatan konstraktif, atau dalam pengertian mudah memahami balaghah dengan kaca mata gaya bahasa Indonesia yang sudah dikenal pelajar sejak awal.
Étude expérimentale de lépidolites trioctaédriques hydroxylées
Authors: Robert Jean-Louis , Volfinger Marcel 
Published: October 2018

On a étudié l'étendue des solutions solides entre la phlogopite et trois pôles lépidolitiques trioctaédriques hydroxylés — la taeniolite, la trilithionite et la polylithionite — en fonction de la température, entre 400° C et 900° C, sous une pression d'eau de 2 kbar. On observe qu'aucun des trois pôles lépidolitiques n'est stable dans les conditions expérimentales adoptées. L'étendue des solutions solides étudiées croît lorsque diminue la température de synthèse. L'évolution des paramètres cristallographiques traduit nettement la fixation du lithium dans la couche octaédrique. Pour chacune des deux distances réticulaires mesurées, l'évolution en fonction de la teneur en lithium se fait avec la même pente dans les trois séries selon les réactions :
d005 (À) = 2,033 — 0,4135 •10-6 X
d060 (À) = 1,535 — 1.235 • 10-6 X
où X est la teneur en lithium du mica exprimée en p. p. m.
On soupçonne, enfin, l'existence à haute température d'un mica lithique lacunaire, proche du joint taeniolite -mica tétrasilicique magnésien.
Le lithium dans une phlogopite de synthèse
Authors: Volfinger Marcel , Robert Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2018

On a étudié le mode de fixation du lithium dans une phlogopite cristallisée en présence d'une solution hydrothermale de LiCl. Le bilan chimique ainsi que la forte décroissance de la distance réticulaire d005 montrent que le lithium se fixe dans l'interfeuillet en remplacement du potassium et non pas dans les sites de la couche octaédrique comme c'est le cas dans les lépidolites.
On montre que Li+ ne peut occuper entre les feuillets le site alcalin laissé vacant par le départ de K+. On propose la localisation de Li+ entre les oxygènes de base de deux tétraèdres appartenant à deux feuillets consécutifs. Les cavités de ce type (prismes droits à base triangulaire) les plus favorables sont celles que limitent deux tétraèdres alumineux. Ce modèle permet de calculer a priori la teneur limite en lithium, fonction de la teneur en AlIV du mica.