bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a national reference level for intraoperative radiation exposure in urological procedures: FLASH, a retrospective multicentre UK study
Authors: Simson Nick , Stonier Thomas , Suleyman Narin , Hendry Jane , Salib Miriam , Peacock Julian , Connor Martin , Jones Oliver , Schuster‐Bruce James , Bottrell Oliver , Lovegrove Catherine , English Louise , Hamami Heba , Horn Charles , Bagley Joseph , Bareh Abdurahman , Jaikaransingh Dominic , Mohamed Nusrat , Ukwu Uchenna , Shanmugathas Nimlan , Batura Deepak , McDonald Jean , Charitopoulos Konstantinos , Graham Alison , Zakikhani Paimaun , Taneja Sanjeev , Sells Henry , Bolgeri Marco , Wiseman Oliver , Bycroft John , Qteishat Ahmed , Aboumarzouk Omar 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo define reference levels for intraoperative radiation during stent insertion, ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL); to identify variation in radiation exposure between individual hospitals across the UK, between low‐ and high‐volume PCNL centres, and between grade of lead surgeon.Patients/Subjects and MethodsIn all, 3651 patients were identified retrospectively across 12 UK hospitals over a 1‐year period.Radiation exposure was defined in terms of total fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP). The 75th percentiles of median values for each hospital were used to define reference levels for each procedure.ResultsReference levels: ureteric stent insertion/replacement (DAP, 2.3 Gy/cm2; FT, 49 s); URS (DAP, 2.8 Gy/cm2; FT, 57 s); PCNL (DAP, 24.1 Gy/cm2; FT, 431 s).Significant variations in the median DAP and FT were identified between individual centres for all procedures (P < 0.001).For PCNL, there was a statistically significant difference between DAP for low‐ (<50 cases/annum) and high‐volume centres (>50 cases/annum), at a median DAP of 15.0 Gy/cm2 vs 4.2 Gy/cm2 (P < 0.001).For stent procedures, the median DAP and FT differed significantly between grade of lead surgeon: Consultant (DAP, 2.17 Gy/cm2; FT, 41 s) vs Registrar (DAP, 1.38 Gy/cm2; FT, 26 s; P < 0.001).ConclusionThis multicentre study is the largest of its kind. It provides the first national reference level to guide fluoroscopy use in urological procedures, thereby adding a quantitative and objective value to complement the principles of keeping radiation exposure ‘as low as reasonably achievable’. This snapshot of real‐time data shows significant variation around the country, as well as significant differences between low‐ and high‐volume centres for PCNL, and grade of lead surgeon for stent procedures.
Membrane attack complex (C5b‐9 complex or Mac), is strongly present in lesional skin from patients with endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia
Authors: Abreu‐Velez Ana Maria , Upegui‐Zapata Yulieth A. , Valencia‐Yepes Carlos A. , Upegui‐Quiceno Eduardo , Mesa‐Herrera Natalia‐Regina , Jiménez‐Echavarria Alejandra M. , Pulido César D. N. , Smoller Bruce R. , Howard Michael S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEl Bagre endemic pemphigus foliaceus (El Bagre‐EPF) is a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus present in the El Bagre area of Colombia, South America. Here, we investigate the presence of complement/C5‐b9 in lesional skin of patients and matched controls from the endemic area. We also aim to compare the patient's autoantibody levels using indirect immunofluorescent titers (IIF) and correlate with the lesional presence of complement/C5b‐9.MethodsA case‐control study was carried out by testing for the presence of complement/C5b‐9 in lesional skin in 43 patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF, as well as 43 matched, healthy controls from the endemic area. Skin biopsies were obtained and evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe presence of complement/C5b‐9 was observed in all cases of the patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF and was not observed in the controls from the endemic area (P < 0.001). The patients' autoantibody titers utilizing IIF for IgG and IgM showed correlation between higher autoantibody titers and stronger intensity of staining with complement/C5‐b9 staining (P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients affected by El Bagre‐EPF have lesional deposition of complement/C5b, which correlates with disease severity and previously established serologies.
Granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reactions in the setting of programmed cell death‐1 inhibition: a potential mimic of disease recurrence
Authors: Hiraki Tsubasa , Hatanaka Miho , Arimura Akiko , Kawahira Hisao , Kirishima Mari , Kitazono Ikumi , Horinouchi Michiko , Higashi Michiyo , Kanekura Takuro , Tanimoto Akihide 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNivolumab and pembrolizumab are humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1). Although these agents are effective in treating advanced melanoma, non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma, and other types of cancers, various adverse events have been reported. Cutaneous adverse events are particularly prevalent and, while granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reactions are uncommon, they are increasingly recognized as immune‐related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report two cases of granulomatous/sarcoid‐like reaction with foreign material, mimicking metastatic malignancy after PD‐1 inhibitor treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the existence of cutaneous lesions and perform biopsy if needed to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary adjustments to immunotherapy.
Optimistisch verzerrte Wahrnehmung des eigenen Hautkrebsrisikos: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen nationalen Erhebung
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Görig Tatiana , Osenbrügge Nina , Schilling Laura , Greinert Rüdiger , Schneider Sven 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie internationale Forschung hat gezeigt, dass Personen dazu neigen, sich selbst als weniger anfällig für Krankheiten und gesundheitliche Folgen von Risikoverhalten zu sehen als andere Vergleichspersonen. Unser Ziel war es, diesen Effekt, bekannt als unrealistischer komparativer Optimismus (UKO), in Bezug auf Hautkrebs erstmals in einer bundesweit repräsentativen Stichprobe zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse sind von Relevanz für die Planung zukünftiger Präventionsmaßnahmen.MethodenDas Nationale Krebshilfe‐Monitoring zur Solariennutzung (NCAM, Erhebungswelle 3) ist eine bundesweit repräsentative Befragung (n = 3000, 14–45 Jahre). Wir haben UKO in Bezug auf Hautkrebs exploriert und den Zusammenhang zwischen UKO und soziodemographischen Merkmalen, bräunungs‐ und gesundheitsbezogenem Risikoverhalten, Hautkrebsrisiko und Risikobewusstsein gegenüber Hautkrebs untersucht.ErgebnisseVier von zehn Personen (43,3 %) glaubten – im Vergleich zu einer Person gleichen Alters und Geschlechts – ein geringeres Risiko zu haben, an Hautkrebs zu erkranken. Jüngere Personen zeigten mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit eine optimistische Wahrnehmung. Personen mit erhöhtem Hautkrebsrisiko, gemessen an individuellen Hautcharakteristika, nahmen ihr Risiko verglichen zur Referenz auch mit erhöhter Wahrscheinlichkeit wahr.SchlussfolgerungenWährend es realistisch ist, dass Personen mit einem erhöhten objektiven Hautkrebsrisiko dies auch so wahrnehmen, sind die generellen Untersuchungsbefunde für die Allgemeinbevölkerung, speziell für jüngere Personen, besorgniserregend. Es scheint daher wichtig, Personen über ihre unrealistische Wahrnehmung bezüglich des eigenen Hautkrebsrisikos aufzuklären, da dies das wahrgenommene individuelle Risiko sowie das individuelle Screening‐ und Präventionsverhalten beeinflussen kann.
Detection of full and limited amphidromous migratory dynamics of fish in Caribbean rivers
Authors: Frotté Lou , Ringelstein Julien , Monti Dominique , Robert Marie , Pécheyran Christophe , Améziane Nadia , Tabouret Hélène 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll native fishes living in the Caribbean island rivers are considered diadromous but few species have been validated as diadromous. In Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) as well as in the other tropical islands, the riverine habitats are subject to strong anthropogenic pressure due to resource modifications or dams. The management of fish biodiversity requires knowledge concerning their life history traits and behaviour that are still unknown for most species at a local scale and at the whole distribution area of the species. In a Guadeloupe river, we inferred the migratory patterns of four freshwater fishes common to Caribbean rivers by the analysis of otolith microchemistry. We found two species Eleotris perniger (Eleotridae) and Sicydium plumieri (Gobiidae) to be completely amphidromous with a marine larval phase and a freshwater adult phase. Agonostomus monticola (Mugilidae) was also found to be amphidromous in this system. The fourth species Gobiesox cephalus (Gobiesocidae) showed elemental ratios suggesting an estuarine larval phase and was defined as “limited amphidromous”. The identification of such life history traits, with limited dispersion abilities, argues for specific management measures in tropical island rivers at a basin scale for the conservation of biodiversity.
Chlamydia psittaci infection as a cause of respiratory disease in neonatal foals
Authors: Gough S. L. , Carrick J. , Raidal S. L. , Keane S. , Collins N. , Cudmore L. , Russell C. M. , Raidal S. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundDuring 2016–2018, 15 critically ill neonatal foals with acute respiratory distress associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection were presented to three referral hospitals in New South Wales. Chlamydia psittaci has not previously been associated with the development of neonatal respiratory disease.ObjectivesTo investigate and describe the clinical features and outcome of C. psittaci infection in neonatal foals.Study designMulticentre retrospective case series.MethodsThe clinical, clinicopathological, necropsy and histological features of 15 foals with confirmed C. psittaci infection were reviewed and reported.ResultsThirteen foals with C. psittaci infection died or were subjected to euthanasia within 36 h of hospitalisation and two foals survived to discharge. Findings during post‐mortem examination of nonsurviving foals included bronchopneumonia, pulmonary congestion, hepatic congestion and hepatic inflammation. Detection of C. psittaci was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of swabs of nasal secretions (4/6) and rectal mucosa (5/7) from live foals, lung tissues of foals at necropsy (11/14) and foetal membranes (4/5).Main limitationsSmall numbers of confirmed cases of neonatal C. psittaci infection and inconsistent sampling methods.ConclusionsChlamydia psittaci should be considered a differential diagnosis for neonatal foals with signs of severe systemic disease, including equine neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (EqNARDS). Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen and a personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn for the management of foals with suspected or confirmed infection.
Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe
Authors: Zellweger Florian , Coomes David , Lenoir Jonathan , Depauw Leen , Maes Sybryn L. , Wulf Monika , Kirby Keith J. , Brunet Jörg , Kopecký Martin , Máliš František , Schmidt Wolfgang , Heinrichs Steffi , den Ouden Jan , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Buyse Gauthier , Spicher Fabien , Verheyen Kris , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimForest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the coast (i.e., landscape factors).LocationTemperate forests in Europe.Time period2017–2018.Major taxa studiedWoody plants.MethodsWe combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather‐station records to calculate the difference, or offset, between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures.ResultsThe maximum temperature during the summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C inside than outside forests, and the minimum temperatures during the winter and spring were 0.4 and 0.9 °C warmer. The local canopy cover was a strong nonlinear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to the coast and topographic position.Main conclusionsForest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate–species relationships and the responses of species to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate the warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding the responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land‐use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.
Validation of an alternative method for the identification of 2‐dodecylcyclebutanone (2‐DCB) of irradiated meats by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)
Authors: Campaniello Maria , Marchesani Giuliana , Zianni Rosalia , Tarallo Marina , Mangiacotti Michele , Chiaravalle A. Eugenio 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA rapid and simple procedure to detect irradiated food containing fat is proposed. This method is based on HS‐SPME coupled with GC‐MS to determine the presence of a radiolytic product in irradiated meats: 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone (2‐DCB) and is proposed as an alternative to EN 1785:2003, which is a long and complex procedure. The qualitative confirmation method is validated on different type of meats: chicken, turkey, duck, beef, pork on both nonirradiated and irradiated samples at different dose levels (0.05, 0.12, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 kGy) with a biological X‐ray irradiator. The validation parameters investigated are selectivity, minimum dose level (MDL), limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity and specificity. The MDL and LOD values were 0.5 kGy and 5.0 ng mL−1, respectively, for all matrices. No false positives or false negatives occurred, and 100% of samples were correctly identified. The results show that HS‐SPME GC‐MS is suitable for routine analysis.
Effect of stabiliser classes (animal proteins, vegetable proteins, starches, hydrocolloids and dietary fibre) on the physicochemical properties of a model lean meat product
Authors: Perez‐Santaescolastica Cristina , Goemaere Olivier , Hanskens Jana , Lorenzo José M. , Fraeye Ilse 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe effects of eleven ingredients (originating from various ingredient classes: animal proteins, plant proteins, starches, hydrocolloids and fibres) applied in two different concentrations on drip loss, rheological characteristics and hardness were evaluated in a lean meat model system. The high concentration of potato starch, insoluble citrus fibre, rice starch or pea protein significantly (P < 0.05) reduced drip losses (6.92%, 17.87%, 15.70%, 17.60%, respectively) compared to control (30.80%), while rheological measures and hardness remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Moreover, the addition of low concentrations of soluble citrus fibre did not significantly affect hardness (4.11 N), whereas its inclusion at high concentrations had a significant effect on the final hardness (7.17 N). Among all the tested ingredients, xanthan presented the lowest drip loss value (0.12% and 0.40% for high and low concentration, respectively). Finally, gelatine did not show any differences in water holding capacity, storage modulus nor hardness compared with the control group.
COMMONALITY IN LIQUIDITY OF NEARBY FIRMS
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Wang Xiaoqiong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we examine commonality in liquidity of firms headquartered in the same states and how the local liquidity commonality is influenced by firm‐ and state‐level characteristics. We document strong liquidity comovement of nearby firms. Moreover, firms that change headquarters location experience a decrease in their liquidity commonality with firms in the old states and an increase in their liquidity commonality with firms in the new states. Our findings show that both firm‐ and state‐level characteristics determine local liquidity comovement. Local liquidity commonality is stronger for firms with smaller size and lower level of institutional ownership. Our results also suggest that state‐level volatility, state personal income, state investment income, and state turnover commonality explain the local component of liquidity commonality. We further document that the four state‐level factors perform differently during volatile market periods.
WHEN ELECTIONS FAIL TO RESOLVE UNCERTAINTY: THE CASE OF THE 2016 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Authors: Cox Justin S. , Griffith Todd G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we examine whether certain political election outcomes create, rather than resolve, uncertainty in financial markets. We posit that the market uncertainty associated with unanticipated election outcomes is not resolved before or on the election dates. To test this claim, we use the surprise outcome of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and two previous U.S. presidential elections as benchmarks. In contrast to prior elections, we find that the 2016 U.S. presidential election outcome did not resolve market uncertainty. Specifically, we show significant increases in transactions costs, adverse selection costs, and volatility in the days following the election date. We contribute to the literature by suggesting that unexpected elections can engender, rather than resolve, market uncertainty.
Advances in encapsulated dermal formulations in chemoprevention of melanoma: An overview
Authors: Ravikumar Padmini , Tatke Pratima 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe three forms of skin cancer are cutaneous malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma skin cancer is an aggressive type and one of the most chemotherapy‐resistant malignancies. Conventional topical products are beset with limitations, leading to lower efficacy. There is a growing need to develop topical formulations encapsulated in polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and liposomes exhibiting enhanced skin penetration and longer skin retention leading to better efficacy.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is the screening of reported novel drug encapsulated delivery systems effective topically in melanoma chemoprevention.AimThe scope of this work is to provide an overview pertaining to the development and evaluation of three exemplary drug delivery systems (DDS), namely vesicular, particulate, and specialized emulsions.MethodsTopical drug delivery approaches targeting skin cancer have been reviewed and discussed. The focal point of the article is presentation of insights from published studies.ResultsThis review focuses on the novel delivery systems in chemoprevention of melanoma with discussion highlighting on advances in topical delivery.ConclusionLiterature indicates that drug‐loaded encapsulated topical formulations when compared with conventional dosage forms for skin cancer treatment exhibit greater efficacy and provide benefits like extended drug release, protection of the active ingredient against degradation, and lower skin irritation. Incorporation of phytoconstituents in newer delivery systems will be the way forward for improved topical chemoprevention strategy in melanoma. This has raised hope in making dermal therapy more useful and acceptable.
Prevalence of acute kidney injury in a population of hospitalized horses
Authors: Savage Victoria L. , Marr Celia M. , Bailey Michael , Smith Sarah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans and dogs increases morbidity and nonsurvival. Azotemia at presentation has been associated with a poor outcome in horses; however, prevalence and consequences of hospital‐acquired AKI are unreported.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of AKI in hospitalized horses, risk factors associated with AKI, and the effect of AKI on short‐term survival. We hypothesized that the prevalence of AKI in horses is similar to that reported in other domestic mammalian species and would be associated with nonsurvival.AnimalsAdult horses hospitalized for >2 days from which a minimum of 2 measurements of serum creatinine concentration were available.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Clinical records were reviewed and horses grouped according to their baseline serum creatinine concentration and change in serum creatinine concentration from baseline. The associations between signalment, diagnosis, and treatment variables, and the presence of azotemia or AKI were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The relationship between these conditions and survival to discharge was evaluated.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐five horses were included; 4.3% (14/325) had azotemia at baseline and 14.8% (48/325) developed AKI. There were no significant associations between investigated risk factors and development of AKI. The presence of azotemia and AKI did not significantly affect survival to discharge (P= .08 and .81, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prevalence of AKI in this population of hospitalized horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans; however, in this study population, there was less impact on morbidity and short‐term survival.
Weight stigma and discrimination: Time for change!
Authors: Flint S. W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe pervasiveness and negative impact of weight stigma and discrimination has highlighted the need to intervene across many levels of society. Instances of discrimination impinge on peoples’ human rights and societal values of equality, raising important questions for policymakers and legislators. The ingrained nature of weight stigma and discrimination throughout society means the systemic change that is warranted will not be easy or rapid. Within this article, several actions are suggested to reduce weight stigma and discrimination and in doing so, address this social justice issue. The article represents a long overdue call to end weight stigma and discrimination for the betterment of society.