bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution, Clustering of Particulate Matter Components and Breast Cancer
Authors: White AJ , Keller JP , Zhao S , Kaufman JD , Sandler DP 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between air pollution, particulate matter (PM) components and breast cancer risk in a U.S.-wide prospective cohort. Methods. We estimated annual average ambient outdoor residential levels of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 using a land- use regression model for 49,533 Sister Study participants (breast cancer-free women with a sister with breast cancer) living in the contiguous U.S. Predictive k-means was used to assign participants to clusters defined by PM2.5 components profile to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity in the air pollution mixture. Participants were also separately clustered by geographic region, without regard to air pollution mixture. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for invasive breast cancer risk associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in pollutants (PM2.5: 3.6 μg/m3, PM10: 5.8 μg/m3, NO2: 5.8 parts per billion (ppb)). For PM2.5, the association was stratified by component cluster membership. Results. During follow-up (mean = 8.4 years), 2,349 invasive cases were identified. There was little to no increase in risk for invasive breast cancer overall in relation to these air pollutants. However, we observed a higher risk of invasive breast cancer associated with an IQR increase in PM2.5 (HR IQR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28), PM10 (HRIQR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.99–1.11) and NO2 (HRIQR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.10–1.21) for women in the Western U.S. Associations also varied by clusters derived from PM2.5 component profiles. PM2.5 was associated with a 28% higher risk of invasive breast cancer (95% CI: 1.00–1.64) in a California-based cluster characterized by low sulfur fractions and high fractions of sodium and nitrate. An elevated, although less precise, risk was observed for another Western U.S. cluster (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.92–2.88), characterized by high fractions of Si, Ca, K and Al. Conclusions. Air pollution measures were related to invasive breast cancer for certain subgroups of women, defined by geographic region and PM component profiles. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture and consideration of geographic variability and mixture components may impact observed associations with breast cancer.
Caregiver Intention To Restart Vaccinations After Childhood Cancer Treatment
Authors: Warner EL , Mann K , Kaddas HK , Martel L , Pannier S , Knackstedt B , Fair D , Fluchel M , Kepka D , Kirchhoff AC 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Timely vaccination after childhood cancer treatment is vital for protecting against vaccine-preventable diseases during survivorship. However, caregiver intention for restarting vaccinations, such as getting catch-up or booster vaccines, after cancer treatment is unknown. Methods: We surveyed primary caregivers ages 18 or older with a child who had completed cancer treatment in the prior 3–24 months (N = 129; participation rate = 60.3%). Participants were asked about demographics, their child's vaccination status, and healthcare factors (e.g., provider recommendations, barriers). We examined the influence of whether the oncology care team recommended catch-up or booster vaccines on caregiver intention to restart vaccines using multivariable generalized linear models. Vaccine barriers were examined by intention in chi- square tests. Results: Caregivers were primarily aged 30–49 years (82.0%), mothers (81.2%), college graduates (44.8%), married (89.1%), and Non-Hispanic (90.3%). In total, 67% of caregivers intended to restart vaccines for their child and 49.6% reported that they had a discussion with the cancer care team about catch-up or booster vaccines. Caregivers who discussed vaccines with their child's cancer care team were much more likely to report intention to restart vaccination (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.82, 95% CI 1.37–2.45). The most common barrier to restarting vaccines after cancer was not knowing which vaccines to get, which was common across both groups (intend to restart = 31% vs. did not intend = 40.5%, P = 0.29). Of caregivers, 93.1% who intended to restart vaccines felt vaccines were safe compared to 79.5% of those who did not (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Caregivers of childhood cancer survivors need guidance for restarting vaccinations after cancer treatment, including information on safety and which vaccines their child needs. Provider recommendations positively influence caregiver's intention to restart vaccines. Clinical guidelines are needed to support providers in making tailored vaccination recommendations after cancer treatment.
Detecting Effective Tobacco Control Messages via Linguistic Analysis and Item Response Theory
Authors: Kim SJ , Fuemmeler BF 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Current health communication research on tobacco control often examines the persuasion effects of messages in an experimental setting, which produces small effect sizes and limits the external validity of how well the tested messages will perform in real word settings. In the new media landscape, (anti)smoking and (anti)vaping messages are posted, shared, and disseminated across media platforms by a broader set of users. Tracking the persuasion effects of each message can be challenging with the experimental approaches. Novel analytic methods are needed to evaluate the effective strategies for tobacco control communication. We apply linguistic analysis and item-response theory to antismoking/antivaping messages to detect their persuasion effects on cognitive and emotional outcomes at an individual message level. Methods: We recruited respondents from social media and crowdsourcing platforms (n = 6,566). The eligible current smokers were randomly assigned to one of the 80 antismoking and antivaping messages, or 16 food advertisements (the control group). We measured attitudes toward vaping/smoking, emotional arousal, and intention to quit smoking or vape. We mined text data from each stimulus message to examine their linguistic characteristics and its links to the persuasion outcomes. Results: Majority of participants were White (86%) and female (55%). Antismoking messages were more likely to reveal anxiety (P = 0.01) and dangers or concerns (P &lt; 0.01), compared to the control messages; and express high expertise and confidence compared to antivaping messages (P = 0.04). We report linguistic properties of each message and their relationship to antismoking attitudes, emotional arousal, intention to quit cigarettes, and intention to vape. Visualized patterns of message effectiveness demonstrate text/image-based antivaping messages, compared to video-based antivaping messages, unintentionally increased participants' favorable attitudes toward e-cigarettes. Conclusions: These message-level analyses can help identify best candidate messages that generate positive persuasion outcomes, which, in turn, can inform the selection of messages for health education and campaigns.
A Hope-Based Intervention to Address Disrupted Goal Pursuits and Quality of Life in Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Berg CJ , Vanderpool RC , Getachew B , Johnson MF , Payne JB , Sandridge Y , Bierhoff J , Kelly J , Effinger KE , Demark WW , Duffy S , Mertens A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this pilot study, we assessed feasibility and acceptability, and obtained efficacy parameters of an app based 8-week program focusing on a hope- based intervention to address the disruption of goal pursuits among young adult cancer survivors in order to ultimately increase quality of life. Methods: This 8-week app-based intervention program, known as AWAKE (Achieving Wellness After Kancer in Early Life), consists of educational videos, mood/activity tracking, and telephone-based coaching to promote goal-oriented thinking and quality of life (QOL) in young adult cancer survivors (YACSs). Fifty-seven YACSs (18–40 years old), two years post treatment were recruited from two NCI-designated cancer centers and randomly assigned to AWAKE (n = 38) or an attention control (n = 19). Both AWAKE and attention control group received weekly coaching calls. The app content for the AWAKE intervention group included 8 weekly modules specifically targeting the needs of young adult cancer survivors; the content delivered via text for those in attention control focused on personal finances. At weeks 0, 8, and 24, we assessed hope (via the Trait Hope Scale) and QOL (via the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). Results: The mean age was 32.2 years old, and 75.0% were female, 77.6% non- Hispanic White, 61.2% employed, and 67.3% married/stable union. Diagnoses included breast cancer (28.6%), hematologic malignancies (12.2%), and melanoma (12.2%). Weekly adherence to AWAKE averaged 86.1% (range: 100.0% at week 1 to 75.7% at week 8). Retention at end-of-treatment was 90.7%. Among AWAKE participants, 90.9% were satisfied with AWAKE and would recommend AWAKE to friends with cancer; &gt;84.8% reported that AWAKE components were helpful. Despite being underpowered to detect efficacy, changes in hope and QOL outcomes trended in the hypothesized directions. Conclusion: AWAKE was a feasible and acceptable approach; changes in hope and some measures of QOL trended in the hypothesized direction. AWAKE has the potential to address disrupted goal pursuits and enhance QOL among YACSs. Future research is needed to examine AWAKE's efficacy in a larger RCT. Future research is needed to examine AWAKE's efficacy in a larger RCT.
No Evidence for Posttreatment Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Calderwood Audrey H. , Baron John A. , Mott Leila A. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Bostick Roberd M. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Passarelli Michael N. , Rees Judy R. , Robertson Douglas J. , Barry Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium supplementation are postulated to have chemopreventive effects against colorectal neoplasia, yet in our previously reported randomized trial, there was no overall efficacy of calcium and/or vitamin D3 against colorectal adenoma recurrence. It is possible vitamin D3 and calcium chemopreventive effects are not detectable until beyond the 3- to 5-year follow-up captured in that trial. Accordingly, we explored possible vitamin D and calcium effects on posttreatment (observational) adenoma occurrence. In this secondary analysis of the observational follow-up phase of the Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, participants who completed the treatment phase were invited to be followed for one additional surveillance colonoscopy cycle. We evaluated adenoma occurrence risk at surveillance colonoscopy, with a mean of 55 ± 15 months after treatment follow-up, according to randomized treatment with vitamin D versus no vitamin D, calcium versus no calcium, and calcium plus vitamin D versus calcium alone. Secondary outcomes included advanced and multiple adenomas. Among the 1,121 participants with observational follow-up, the relative risk (95% confidence interval, CI) of any adenoma was 1.04 (0.93–1.17) for vitamin D versus no vitamin D; 0.95 (0.84–1.08) for calcium versus no calcium; 1.07 (0.91–1.25) for calcium plus vitamin D versus calcium; and 0.96 (0.81–1.15) for calcium plus vitamin D versus neither. Risks of advanced or multiple adenomas also did not differ by treatment. Our results do not support an association between supplemental calcium and/or vitamin D3 for 3 to 5 years and risk of recurrent colorectal adenoma at an average of 4.6 years after treatment.
Will Teens Go Red? Low Cardiovascular Disease Awareness Among Young Women
Authors: Gooding Holly C. , Brown Courtney A. , Liu Jingyi , Revette Anna C. , Stamoulis Catherine , de Ferranti Sarah D. 
Published: March 2019

Background

The American Heart Association Go Red for Women campaign has improved awareness of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) among adult women aged 25 years and older. Little is known about awareness among younger women.

Methods and Results

We assessed awareness of
CVD
and prevention efforts among 331 young women aged 15 to 24 years using the American Heart Association National Women's Health Study survey. We compared responses from this cohort to the 2012 American Heart Association online survey of 1227 women aged 25 years and older. Only 33 (10.0%) young women correctly identified
CVD
as the leading cause of death in women. This was significantly lower than awareness among all adult women in 2012 (785 [64.0%]) and among women aged 25 to 34 years (90 of 168 [53.6%]) (
P
<0.01 for both). Many young women in the current study (144 [43.5%]) said they were not at all informed about
CVD
; most worried little (130 [39.2%]) or not at all (126 [38%]) about
CVD
. Young women did report engaging in behaviors known to reduce risk of
CVD
, although not considering oneself at risk was cited as the number one barrier to engaging in prevention behaviors.

Conclusions

Young women are largely unaware of
CVD
as the leading cause of death for women. Given that most young women are not worried about
CVD
and their 10‐year risk for
CVD
events is low, campaigns to promote heart‐healthy behaviors among younger women should underscore the benefits of these preventive behaviors to current health in addition to reductions in lifetime risk of
CVD
.
The Relationship Between Foot Feature Parameters and Postural Stability in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mun Kyung-Ryoul , Chun Sungkuk , Hong Junggi , Kim Jinwook 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Little has been explored about the disparate contribution of medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) to human gait and postural stability. This study aims to investigate the correlation of foot feature parameters including both MLA and LLA with postural stability. Method: Thirteen young and healthy subjects participated in this study. The newly developed FFMS extracted foot feature parameters in nonweight-bearing (NWB) and weight-bearing (WB) conditions along with postural stability parameters in single-leg-standing (SLS) condition. A bivariate correlation analysis was carried out to investigate the correlation between the foot characteristics and the postural stability parameters. Results: The foot length and width showed negative correlation with center of pressure (CoP) distance in medio-lateral (ML) and total direction, whereas the foot length in NWB and WB conditions, and the foot width in WB condition showed positive correlation with CoP distance in anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The height of the LLA curve and the area of the MLA were correlated with the postural stability parameters in AP direction. The ratios of the LLA height and area showed moderate correlation with the CoP distance in ML direction and total direction. Conclusion: The size of a foot, such as the length and width, is correlated with postural stability. Whereas the MLA features are associated with postural stability in AP direction, the LLA features are associated with that in ML and total direction. Application: The findings suggest that the roles and contributions of the MLA and LLA features in and to the postural control are different.
Association between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Meiming , Du Xiaoli , Zhang Feng , Yuan Shifang 
Published: March 2019

Background Several studies have reported correlations between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 with the risk of breast cancer (BC). However, this relationship remains controversial. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies to assess the associations between BRCA1 rs799917 and rs1799966 and BC risk, with the aim of more accurately determining the potential correlation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the correlation of rs799917 and rs1799966 with BC risk. Results There was no overall correlation between BRCA1 rs799917 and BC risk (TT vs CC: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66–1.16; CT vs CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.89–1.15; dominant model: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88–1.11; recessive model: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.65–1.16). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity also revealed no significant correlation between rs799917 and BC risk in either Asians or Caucasians. There was also no significant association between BRCA1 rs1799966 and BC risk (GG vs AA: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33–1.47; AG vs AA: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.35–1.30; dominant model: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.49–1.06; recessive model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.49–1.36). Conclusion BRCA1polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 were not significantly associated with BC risk in this meta-analysis.
Effects of pharmacist interventions on reducing prescribing errors of investigational drugs in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Moon Jin Young , Lee Yeonhong , Han Ji Min , Lee Mi Hyung , Yee Jeong , Song Mi Kyung , Kim Young Ju , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention in reducing and preventing prescribing errors of investigational drugs for cancer patients. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted during two periods: a baseline period from December 2015 to June 2016 and an intervention period from July 2016 to February 2017. The investigational drug service (IDS) pharmacists performed active interventions during the intervention period. Results Among 12,387 investigational drug orders, 395 (6.1%) prescribing errors were detected in 6477 orders at the baseline period, and 278 errors (4.7%) were detected in 5,910 orders at the intervention period. To identify factors that affect prescribing errors, three models were constructed for the multivariate analysis. Among factors affecting prescribing errors, sponsor initiated trial (SIT) was the strongest factor (AOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 3.31–5.23). Pharmacist intervention reduced prescribing errors by at least 25% in all constructed models after adjusting for confounding variables. Prescribing errors were 1.3 times higher when dealing with intravenous medications than when dealing with oral medications. There were 60% fewer prescribing errors in the blinded study than in the open study. SIT and multi-center/multi-nation studies had 4.2 and 2.4 times more frequent prescribing errors than in investigator-initiated trials (IIT) and single-center/single-nation studies, respectively. Fewer errors occurred in phase 2 and trials covering both phase 1 and phase 2 (phase 1/2) than in phase 3 trials. Conclusions The IDS pharmacist intervention in cancer clinical trials was associated with significant reductions in prescribing errors and may lead to increased medication safety.
A retrospective analysis of patients treated with intravesical BCG for high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Joshua Julie Mariam , Vijayan Meenu , Pooleri Ginil Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Background: Adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is considered as the first-line agent in patients with high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after surgery. There are no data in India where there is a high prevalence of tubercle bacillus and inherent immunity against Bacillus sp. The present study aims to evaluate the outcomes of intravesical BCG in the Indian population. Methods: A retrospective study of 101 patients who underwent intravesical BCG for high-risk NMIBC between January 2006 and December 2015 was carried out in a single centre. We compared the recurrence-free rate and progression rate of patients who received induction alone and induction with maintenance BCG therapy. The safety profile of intravesical BCG therapy was also assessed in the study. Results: After a median follow up of 2 years, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the induction group and maintenance group were 82% and 88% respectively ( p = 0.233). There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 2 years in those who receive maintenance BCG (95%) and those with induction BCG (94.7%; p = 0.721). A total of 69.36% of our patients had local adverse events. Conclusion: Our results suggest that maintenance therapy does not enhance the therapeutic effects of BCG in patients who respond favourably to 6 weeks of induction. Additional prospective studies are warranted in those countries where tuberculosis exposure is prevalent.
Wide Variability in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures After Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Winebrake James P. , Lovecchio Francis , Steinhaus Michael , Farmer James , Sama Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review outcomes reporting methodology in studies evaluating fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted from January 2007 to June 2017 for English language studies with minimum of 2 years postoperative follow-up reporting outcomes after fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis. Two reviewers assessed each study; those meeting inclusion criteria were examined for pertinent data. Outcome measures were categorized into relevant domains: pain/symptomatology, function/disability, and surgical satisfaction. Return to work reporting was also recorded. Results: Of 123 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 76% included posterior-only fusion, 32% included posterior/transforaminal interbody fusion, and 5% included anterior/lateral interbody fusion (non-mutually exclusive). There was significant variation in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) used—studies reported 31 unique PROs assessing at least one domain: 22 evaluating pain, 23 evaluating function, and 3 evaluating surgical satisfaction. Most commonly utilized PROs were the Oswestry Disability Index (73% of studies), Visual Analog Scale (55%), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (32%). The remaining 28 measures were used in 14% of studies or fewer. PROs specific to symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis, such as the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire, were only used rarely (7/123 studies). Only 14% of studies reported on time to return to work. Conclusions: The literature surrounding fusion in the setting of lumbar stenosis is characterized by substantial variability in outcomes reporting. Very few studies utilized measures specific to lumbar spinal stenosis. Efforts to standardize outcomes reporting would facilitate comparisons of surgical interventions.
सा विद्या विमुक्तये ~That Is Knowledge Which Liberates!
Authors: Tarapore Homi 
Published: March 2019

Knowledge is the pursuit of the wise, and education is but a small step towards that knowledge. So when you see executive education, look at it like a weapon you need to acquire for your armoury as a professional. Executive education in India is still in its infancy and its potential is yet to be realized. As with most designs, it has started with being transitionally significant and will soon progress into being transformationally significant. With the dynamic shift in the work environment and the constant cycle of obsolescing and becoming relevant, a t-shaped person will be in constant need for up-skilling. In conclusion executive education is here to stay, it is a only a matter of how fast HR professionals and executive education experts crack the code of relevance and ROI.