bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional dynamics of thalamic local field potentials correlate with modulation of neuropathic pain
Authors: Luo Huichun , Huang Yongzhi , Xiao Xiao , Dai Wenjing , Nie Yingnan , Geng Xinyi , Green Alexander L. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Wang Shouyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the functional dynamics of neural oscillations in the sensory thalamus is essential for elucidating the perception and modulation of neuropathic pain. Local field potentials were recorded from the sensory thalamus of twelve neuropathic pain patients. Single and combinational neural states were defined by the activity state of a single or paired oscillations. Relationships between the duration or occurrence rate of neural state and pre‐operative pain level or pain relief induced by deep brain stimulation were evaluated. Results showed that the occurrence rate of the single neural state of low‐beta oscillation was significantly correlated with pain relief. The duration and occurrence rate of combinational neural states of the paired low‐beta with delta, theta, alpha, high‐beta or low‐gamma oscillations were more significantly correlated with pain relief than the single neural states. Moreover, these significant combinational neural states formed a local oscillatory network with low‐beta oscillation as a key node. The results also showed correlations between measures of combinational neural states and subjective pain level as well. The duration of combinational neural states of paired alpha with delta or theta oscillations and the occurrence rate of neural states of the paired delta with low‐beta or low‐gamma oscillations were significantly correlated with pre‐operative pain level. In conclusion, this study revealed that the integration of oscillations and the functional dynamics of neural states were differentially involved in modulation and perception of neuropathic pain. The functional dynamics could be biomarkers for developing neural state‐dependent deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain.
Addiction and the itch‐scratch cycle. What do they have in common?
Authors: Ishiuji Yozo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractItch is a multidimensional experience involving various brain regions associated with sensory perception and emotion, as well as an urge to scratch employing the motor system. Scratch temporarily relieves itch sensation in healthy subjects. However, in patients with chronic itch, rather than inhibit, scratch may aggravate itch. Patients with chronic itch, such as those with atopic dermatitis, experience severe itch and a strong desire to scratch. This urge to scratch is the driving force underlying the formation of the itch‐scratch‐cycle, an addictive and vicious cycle in chronic itch patients. This vicious itch‐scratch behaviour and various types of addiction (henceforth, including recreational drug use) were shown to share common sensory mechanisms. Abnormalities have been observed in central neural circuits, including the reward, motivation/drive, control and learning/memory circuits, as well as other brain systems. Reward systems, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum, are important for brain processing of both addiction and itch. In addition to reward, addicted individuals can experience severe disruptions in motor control, cognitive awareness, executive function, learning/memory and even emotional functions. Findings showing that addiction and itch share a common neurobiological foundation could have important mechanistic and therapeutic implications. Here we propose that similar neuroadaptations exist in addiction and chronic itch patients.
Building Family Relationships With Inherited Stepgrandparents
Authors: Sanner Caroline , Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn , Chapman Ashton , Kang Youngjin 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo understand how, and under what conditions, stepgrandchildren build and maintain familial ties with inherited stepgrandparents, using symbolic interaction theory as a lens.BackgroundHigh rates of divorce and remarriage coupled with increases in longevity suggest that more children have stepgrandparent relationships than ever before. Stepgrandparents, who are the parents of a stepparent (i.e., inherited stepgrandparents), have been hypothesized to play key roles in shaping stepfamily life, but little is known about how stepgrandchildren develop close, family‐like intergenerational steprelationships after a parent's remarriage.MethodForty‐three adult stepgrandchildren (15 men, 28 women) were interviewed about their relationships with 131 inherited stepgrandparents. Grounded theory procedures were used to collect and analyze the data.ResultsFour key processes were identified that served as markers of kinship and facilitated the development of close familial ties: (a) stepgrandchildren feeling affectionate toward middle‐generation stepparents, (b) stepgrandparents engaging in affinity‐building efforts, (c) stepgrandchildren evaluating affinity‐building efforts favorably, and (d) biological parents using age‐effective strategies to facilitate relationship development.ConclusionStepgrandchildren actively construct their relationships with stepgrandparents using symbols available to them, which are influenced by third parties such as parents and stepparents. When stepgrandchildren claim stepgrandparents as family, they perceive benefits.ImplicationsIntergenerational stepfamily relationships may be valuable resources for children whose parents divorce and remarry.
Relationship Beliefs Patterns Among Relationship Education Participants at Different Venues
Authors: Miller Jacqueline A. , Crapo J. Scott , Bradford Kay , Higginbotham Brian J. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo identify different patterns of relationship beliefs, and examine how those patterns vary across participants attending classes through different venues: community, reemployment services, and jails.BackgroundAlthough there have been increased efforts to provide relationship education to underprivileged and underserved populations in diverse venues, there is little research on how the relationship education needs at different venues may vary.MethodFrom the perspective of relationship lay theory, the present study used latent class analysis to identify patterns, or classes, of relationship beliefs among participants in community settings (n = 1,144), reemployment services settings (n = 423), and jails (n = 242).ResultsFive classes of relationship beliefs emerged: Low Risk, Blind Love, Sliders, Blind Love Sliders, and Control Tolerates. Differences in class membership were observed across the three venues. Being single, having a history of divorce, and no prior relationship education were associated with membership in more risky classes.ConclusionDistinct patterns of risky relationship beliefs exist among participants in different venues of relationship education. The high prevalence of the Slider class and associated beliefs indicate those beliefs may be particularly prevalent across venues.ImplicationsThe findings point to educational needs of particular groups. For example, information on the issue of sliding is needed when teaching in any setting, but information on control tolerance and blind love sliding is particularly needed when teaching in jails, and to a lesser but still elevated degree in reemployment services.
Multiple stressor effects on coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Ellis Joanne I. , Jamil Tahira , Anlauf Holger , Coker Darren J. , Curdia Joao , Hewitt Judi , Jones Burton H. , Krokos George , Kürten Benjamin , Hariprasad Dasari , Roth Florian , Carvalho Susana , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change has profound implications on species distributions and ecosystem functioning. In the coastal zone, ecological responses may be driven by various biogeochemical and physical environmental factors. Synergistic interactions can occur when the combined effects of stressors exceed their individual effects. The Red Sea, characterized by strong gradients in temperature, salinity, and nutrients along the latitudinal axis provides a unique opportunity to study ecological responses over a range of these environmental variables. Using multiple linear regression models integrating in situ, satellite and oceanographic data, we investigated the response of coral reef taxa to local stressors and recent climate variability. Taxa and functional groups responded to a combination of climate (temperature, salinity, air‐sea heat fluxes, irradiance, wind speed), fishing pressure and biogeochemical (chlorophyll a and nutrients ‐ phosphate, nitrate, nitrite) factors. The regression model for each species showed interactive effects of climate, fishing pressure and nutrient variables. The nature of the effects (antagonistic or synergistic) was dependent on the species and stressor pair. Variables consistently associated with the highest number of synergistic interactions included heat flux terms, temperature, and wind speed followed by fishing pressure. Hard corals and coralline algae abundance were sensitive to changing environmental conditions where synergistic interactions decreased their percentage cover. These synergistic interactions suggest that the negative effects of fishing pressure and eutrophication may exacerbate the impact of climate change on corals. A high number of interactions were also recorded for algae, however for this group, synergistic interactions increased algal abundance. This study is unique in applying regression analysis to multiple environmental variables simultaneously to understand stressor interactions in the field. The observed responses have important implications for understanding climate change impacts on marine ecosystems and whether managing local stressors, such as nutrient enrichment and fishing activities, may help mitigate global drivers of change.
Determination of Gallium Isotopic Compositions in Reference Materials
Authors: Feng Lan‐ping , Zhou Lian , Liu Jinhua , Hu Zhao‐chu , Liu Yong‐sheng 
Published: September 2019

The interest in the study of gallium (Ga) stable isotope fractionation in low‐ and high‐temperature environments has increased significantly in the last few years. However, a unified reference material (RM) is still lacking for the Ga isotope research community, which hinders interlaboratory comparison between different groups. Consequently, certification of Ga isotopic reference materials for interlaboratory comparison is of high priority. In this study, Ga isotope ratio data for ten geological RMs including silicates, shales and ferromanganese nodules, and two pure Ga RMs including NIST SRM 994 and NIST SRM 3119a reported by three different groups, were determined by MC‐ICP‐MS. Sample matrices of geological RMs were separated by a two‐column separation method with the use of AG MP‐1M and AG 50‐X8 resin, separately, and quantitative recoveries of > 99% Ga were obtained for all geological RMs. Instrumental mass bias was corrected by the combined calibrator‐sample bracketing and internal normalisation model. Validation of the proposed method was performed by analysing synthetic solutions. After normalisation of all available δ71Ga data of geological RMs to a single Ga RM, results obtained in our study are in agreement with previously reported results.
Exploring Autonomy in the Finnish and New Zealand Penal Voluntary Sectors: The Relevance of Marketisation and Criminal Justice Policy Environments in Two Penal Voluntary Sector Organisations
Authors: HELMINEN MAIJA , MILLS ALICE 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur understanding of the structural factors shaping the agency of penal voluntary organisations in different jurisdictions is limited. This article explores how political, economic, and ideological factors in the voluntary and criminal justice sectors have affected two voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) which work with offenders – Finland's KRITS and New Zealand's NZPARS – and their ability to pursue their charitable goals and values. Based on qualitative thematic documentary analysis, our findings indicate that while marketisation and the populist penal policy environment contributed to the downfall of NZPARS, KRITS has been able to pursue its value‐based mission of introducing unique elements to the criminal justice system, in spite of also experiencing pressures of marketisation. By contrasting these accounts it is clear that the current structures in New Zealand society have not supported the autonomy of all penal voluntary sector organisations, adding to the challenges of reforming the criminal justice system.
‘It's Kinda Punishment’: Tandem Logics and Penultimate Power in the Penal Voluntary Sector for Canadian Youth
Authors: SALOLE ABIGAIL 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article draws on original empirical research in Ontario, Canada which analyses penal voluntary sector practice with youth in conflict with the law. I illustrate how youth penal voluntary sector (YPVS) practice operates alongside, or in tandem with the statutory criminal justice system. I argue that examining the penal voluntary sector and the statutory criminal justice system simultaneously, or in tandem, provides fuller understandings of penal voluntary sector inclusionary (and exclusionary) control practices (Tomczak and Thompson 2019). I introduce the concept of penultimate power, which demonstrates the ability of penal voluntary sector workers to trigger criminal justice system response towards a young person in conflict with the law. My novel concepts of tandem logics and penultimate power are useful for understanding penal voluntary sector practice, explaining how seemingly contradictory approaches across state and ‘community’ organisations not only coexist, but depend upon the tandem relationship between the penal voluntary sector and the statutory criminal justice system.
Foreign and domestic company attractiveness to host national employees in Japan: A person–organization fit and image theory perspective
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa , Bader Anna K. , Froese Fabian J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study contributes to research on organizational attractiveness and human resource management (HRM) by drawing on image theory to examine the effect of organizational characteristics (foreign vs. domestic company country‐of‐origin, HRM practices, organizational culture, and work environment) on organizational attractiveness perceptions by host country national (HCN) employees. Drawing on person–organization fit theory, we also examine the moderating effects of HCNs' demographic characters (age and gender), work‐related skills (English proficiency and international experience), and value orientations (individualism and risk aversion) between the relationship of these organizational characteristics and organizational attractiveness. A between‐subject scenario‐based experiment with 800 HCN employees in Japan suggest that not the company country‐of‐origin, but the local adaptation of organizational culture, HRM practices, and work environment influence HCNs' organizational attractiveness perceptions. HCNs' demographic characteristics, work‐related skills, and value orientations had moderating effects between these organizational characteristics and organizational attractiveness perceptions.
Evaluation of circulating serum 3 types of microRNA as biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma; A pilot study
Authors: Karimi Abbas , Bahrami Naghmeh , Sayedyahossein Amirsalar , Derakhshan Samira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe microRNAs are molecules which have important biologic role and play key point in cancers. The aim of present study was to determine the miR‐21, miR‐24, and miR‐29a expression in serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methodsBlood samples were obtained from 40 patients (20 in cases and 20 in control group) to determine the miR‐21, miR‐24, and miR‐29a expressions by using real‐time PCR and ΔCT.ResultsMean miR‐29a was −2.28 ± 2.15 and 5.61 ± 2.38 in case and control groups, respectively. The miR‐21 was 6.90 ± 3.86 and −0.88 ± 2.31 in case and control groups, respectively. According to the results, miR‐24 was 2.13 ± 2.89 and −0.35 ± 2.44 in case and control, respectively. A significant difference was observed on miR‐21, miR‐24, and miR‐29a between two groups (P < .05). The results obtained by t test showed miR‐21 and miR‐24 were higher and miR‐29a was lower in plasma of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and this differences were significant (P < .05).ConclusionThese results suggested miR‐21, miR‐24, and miR‐29a in serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma comparing with normal group can be used as potent markers for carcinoma detection and also may be a potentially therapeutic approach in the future. More longitudinal studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm these findings.
Comparison of preference clustering outcomes from replicated consumer tests—A case study with mandarins
Authors: Simons Tyler , McNeil Christopher , Pham Vi , Slupsky Carolyn , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCommercial and experimental mandarins consisting of 15 varieties were evaluated through a combination of consumer testing, sensory descriptive analysis, and metabolomic profiling over the course of 2 years. The objectives of the research were to compare repeated consumer clustering solutions and to evaluate the potential market success of new mandarin cultivars. Consumers rated their liking of various sensory modalities, such as overall liking paired with Just‐About‐Right (JAR) scaling for sweetness, sourness, firmness, and juiciness and Check‐All‐That‐Apply attributes. Repeated preference clustering of the consumers across several tastings consistently revealed the presence of two clusters who differed in their liking of the sensory and chemical profiles of the fruit. The first cluster of consumers showed significant negative correlations with perceived sourness and concentration of citric acid and a left‐skewed distribution of JAR sourness ratings as compared with the second cluster of consumers. The experimental varieties of “DaisySL,” “KinnowLS,” “Shasta Gold,” and a commercially produced clementine sample had the highest overall liking rating of all 29 mandarins that were evaluated by the consumers. This work demonstrates that repeating clustering studies with a paired internal metric, such as a JAR question, may help to validate cluster solutions.Practical ApplicationsThese results show that conducting multiple consumer trials using different products may help to confirm hypotheses regarding cluster preferences for sensory and chemical profiles. Throughout this study, the drivers of liking identified for the preference clusters were consistent with their JAR ratings of select attributes (i.e., sourness). We suggest that clustering experiments should be conducted multiple times, especially when ephemeral products like fruit are being studied, to ensure that solutions are genuine. Additionally, an internal metric, such as a Just‐About‐Right question or a Check‐All‐That‐Apply question may help to differentiate the consumer clusters.
Restraint in paediatrics: A delicate balance
Authors: Preisz Anne , Preisz Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPatient restraint in health care is currently under intense review. There are two disparate groups that should be considered. First, infants and young children are commonly restrained while undergoing simple medical procedures such as venepuncture or immunisation, and this practice may be better framed as ‘hugging’ not ‘holding’. Second, there is a distinct but significant group of children and adolescents with serious psychiatric or organic illness with behavioural disturbances necessitating restraint, who are the primary focus of this paper. Nevertheless, the balance between restraining any young person in health care and causing preventable harm is delicate: any form of child restraint, whether physical, chemical or seclusion, merits ethical reflection and should be undertaken judiciously. All clinicians should prioritise the dignity and privacy of the young person while weighing the vulnerability of this cohort of patients.
Reversal versus specialization in floral morphological evolution in Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Li Chao‐Qun , Lü Tian‐Feng , Han Meng‐Qi , Dong Yang , Li Peng‐Wei , Liu Yan , Wang Yin‐Zheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA widely held hypothesis in evolution is that adaptive specialization constrains the potential direction of future evolutionary change and thus may be irreversible, also known as Dollo's law. However, this hypothesis has long been subject to debate in evolutionary biology. Floral specialization is intriguing as it is usually linked to reproductive isolation and could affect speciation. Here, following the discovery of four new taxa, we observed some interesting phenomena of reversal versus specialization in morphology in a clade with the most specialized flowers in the genus Petrocosmea. In the phylogenetic tree based on sequences of multiple DNA regions, the morphological reversals, especially the regain of a long corolla tube, are nested within the branches characteristic of normally specialized flowers with a short corolla tube and highly specialized zygomorphy. Our results indicate that the highly specialized floral organ of this clade is still actively evolving in multiple branches toward specialization while reversals to different ancestral states occur in some branches. Great disturbance of ecological environment is likely a crucial factor affecting trait reversibility, such as the rapid uplift of the Himalayan–Tibetan plateau. The four new taxa are treated herein taxonomically. The flowers of this clade represent an interesting model to explore the genetic basis underlying the evolutionary reversal versus specialization and the interplay between genetic factors and environmental variables.
Do morphological adaptations for gliding in frogs influence clinging and jumping?
Authors: McKnight D. T. , Nordine J. , Jerrett B. , Murray M. , Murray P. , Moss R. , Northey M. , Simard N. , Alford R. A. , Schwarzkopf L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability to glide has evolved in multiple taxa and is usually associated with highly specialized morphological adaptations. Traits that evolve for one reason, can, however, influence other traits and abilities. In this study, we examined the influence of adaptations for gliding on the jumping and clinging abilities of frogs by comparing specialized flying frogs (Rhacophorus) and unspecialized non‐flying frogs (Polypedates) from the family Rhacophoridae. Flying frogs had more webbing, longer legs, and greater clinging abilities than non‐flying frogs. Clinging abilities, jumping distance, and gliding distance all correlated positively with body size for both flying and non‐flying frogs. We did not, however, find any significant differences between the two groups in horizontal jumping distance or glide distance from a low starting point of 1.56 m. The morphological adaptations that evolved for gliding have not significantly influenced the flying frogs’ short‐distance jumping abilities, but may have influenced their clinging abilities. Alternatively, there may have been direct selection for clinging ability because of flying frogs’ increased need, compared with other frogs, to land on vertical surfaces without slipping off.