bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for obtaining flexible broccoli varieties for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ciancaleoni Simona , Negri Valeria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

The use of high inputs in agriculture has resulted in few varieties (hybrids and pure lines) used in all agricultural systems. Also varieties of vegetables, including broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), for organic and low-input agriculture, are almost exclusively hybrids, due to lack of specific breeding programs and varieties for sustainable agriculture.

A strategy to overcome this issue is the adoption of specific breeding programs for developing heterogeneous varieties (i.e. synthetics, open pollinated varieties, composite cross populations and mixtures). The heterogeneous varieties, in fact, are able to evolve and adapt to specific agro-climatic conditions.

Aim of this study was to develop a method (an Evolutionary Breeding Program, EBP) for obtaining heterogeneous varieties and test its efficiency in giving rise to highly diverse varieties, as needed in sustainable agriculture.

A synthetic variety originated from a landrace was multiplied in different environments for 3 cycles and morpho-phenological and genetic diversity of the derived populations was assessed.

Results

The resulted presented are the first and unique indication about the efficiency of a short-time EBP for an allogamous species like broccoli.

Few morphological changes were observed among varieties multiplied in different environments with different agro-climatic conditions. This could be probably due to the initial genetic diversity of the landrace from which the populations were selected and to the great plasticity of the crop. However, SSR data highlighted a genetic differentiation among populations multiplied for two/three years across Europe and in Central Italy, that was not so evident with morphological data.

Conclusions

Few years of multiplication in different environments resulted in genetically differentiated broccoli populations that none the less preserved the original genetic diversity and productivity level and appear to evolve in relationship to different environments: the applied EBP is useful for developing heterogeneous materials for sustainable agriculture.
Puccinia triticina pathotypes-THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on Thatcher
Authors: Wei jie , Du dongdong , Zhang na , Meng qingfang , Yan hongfei , Yang wenxiang , Liu daqun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. Understanding the Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathogenic molecular mechanism and inconstant toxic region are highly important for managing the disease. The present study aimed to analyze pathogenic divergences between Pt isolates.
Results: Total RNA was extracted from Thatcher infected by two Pt isolates, Tc361_1 (THTT) and Tc284_2 (THTS) at 144 hours post inoculation (hpi). The mRNA then was harvested and sequenced. Results indicated that a total of 2,784 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Forty-five of genes were specifically expressed in Tc361_1 including transcription initiation factor, transmembrane transporter activity and so on, while 26 of genes were specially expressed in Tc284_2 including GTPase activity, ABC transporter and so on. Sixty-seven differential expressed candidate effectors were screened. qRT-PCR of 14 significantly different expressed genes were carried out to prove that the results of RNA-seq is similar to that of qRT-PCR at 144 hpi and show their expression level in the early stage and the difference between two Pt pathotypes, which revealed the complex transcript profiles.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study might have a solid foundation for the future studies on clarifying the mechanism of pathogenicity differences of Chinese isolates and pathogenic mechanism of Pt.
The effect of holmium laser resection versus standard transurethral resection on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Changlong , Gao Liang , Zhang Jindong , Yang Xiaokang , Liu Chuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the advantages and limitations of holmium laser resection of the bladder tumor (HOLRBT) versus standard transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Methods: The eligible studies were selected from the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase. Studies comparing HOLRBT and TURBT for patients with NMIBC were included. The outcomes of interest were time of operation, catheterization, and hospitalization, rates of recurrence and perioperative complications, including obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, bladder irritation and urethral stricture. Results of all data were compared and analyzed by Review Manager 5.3.
Results: A total of 9 comparative studies were finally included for analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that HOLRBT could significantly reduce the time in catheterization and hospitalization, the rates of recurrence in 2 years of follow-up, obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, bladder irritation compared with those in TURBT, respectively. However, no significant difference could be found between HOLRBT and TURBT in the time of operation, rate of recurrence at 1-year follow-up and urethral stricture.
Conclusions: The results of our research showed that HOLRBT would be a better choice than TURBT for patients with NMIBC.
Impact of point-of-care ultrasound on the hospital length of stay for internal medicine inpatients with cardiopulmonary diagnosis at admission. – Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial: the IMFCU-1 (Internal Medicine Focused Clinical Ultrasound) study
Authors: Cid Ximena Anaite , Canty David , Royse Alistair , Maier Andrea , Johnson Douglas , El-Ansary Doa , Clarke-Errey Sandy , Fazio Timothy , Royse Colin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is emerging as a reliable and valid clinical tool that impacts diagnosis and clinical decision making, and timely intervention for optimal patient management. This makes its utility in patients admitted to internal medicine wards attractive. However, there is still an evidence gap in all the medical setting of how its use affects clinical variables such as length of stay, morbidity and mortality.

Methods/design

A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a surface POCUS of the heart, lungs, and femoral and popliteal veins performed by an internal medicine physician during the first 24 hours of patient admission to the unit with a presumptive cardiopulmonary diagnosis. The University of Melbourne iHeartScan, iLungScan and 2-point venous compression protocols are followed to identify left and right ventricular function, significant valvular heart disease, pericardial and pleural effusion, consolidation, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax and proximal deep venous thrombosis. Patient management is not commanded by the protocol and is at the discretion of the treating team. A total of 250 patients will be recruited at one tertiary hospital. Participants are randomized to receive POCUS or no POCUS. The primary outcome measured will be hospital length of stay. Secondary outcomes include the change in diagnosis and management, 30-day hospital readmission and health care costs.

Discussion

This study will evaluate the clinical impact of multi-organ POCUS in internal medicine patients admitted with cardiopulmonary diagnosis on the hospital length of stay. Recruitment of participants has commenced in September of 2018 and is estimated to be completed by March 2020.
Flow behavior of perchlorate from a source lake to a water supply tap following fireworks displays
Authors: Yokoi T. , Nakamura A. , Hosoda K. , Kagatsume I. , Segawa T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Perchlorate is an oxidizer used in fireworks. Though fireworks displays are held over Lake Biwa, which supplies water to Kyoto, the city's water treatment process lacks the ability to remove perchlorate. This study investigated perchlorate contamination in source and tap water resulting from a fireworks display. During 2016, the perchlorate concentration in the source water increased to 22.3 μg/L during the 19 hours following the display and then decreased to &lt;0.5 μg/L during the 43 hours following the display. The perchlorate concentration in the tap water increased to 13.6 μg/L during the 35 hours following the display, and then gradually decreased. To evaluate the state of mixing through the water treatment process, a model for chemical reactors was applied to concentration time-courses in the source and tap water. The model showed that perchlorate was dispersed homogeneously by stirring as the water flowed downstream through the waterway and through the water purification plant.
Timelines in Literary Text
Authors: Sokolova Galina Aleksandrovna 
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the peculiarities of time expressing and depicting in literary text. It is focused on linear, cyclic and historical timelines; it also outlines the ways how these timelines can be verbalized in literary text; it emphasizes the importance of the category of time because the temporal orientation in text determines the type of language means in work; it gives a few interpretations of plot time and highlights some possibilities and abilities of it to express dynamics and variability of the world.
Dysregulation of lncRNA and circRNA Expression in Mouse Testes after Exposure to Triptolide
Authors: Xiong Suping , Li Yanting , Xiang Yang , Peng Na , Shen Chunmiao , Cai Yanqiu , Song Dandan , Zhang Peng , Wang Xiaolong , Zeng Xuihui , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: July 2019

Background:Triptolide has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects on systemic autoimmune diseases and cancers. However, its severe toxicity, especially reproductive toxicity, prevents its widespread clinical use for people with fertility needs. Noncoding RNAs including lncRNAs and circRNAs are novel regulatory molecules that mediate a wide variety of physiological activities; they are crucial for spermatogenesis and their dysregulation might cause male infertility. However, whether they are involved in triptolide-induced reproductive toxicity is completely unknown.Methods::After exposure of mice to triptolide, the total RNAs were used to investigate lncRNA/circRNA/mRNA expression profiles by strand-specific RNA sequencing at the transcriptome level to help uncover RNA-related mechanisms in triptolide-induced toxicity.Results::Triptolide significantly decreased testicular weight, damaged testis and sperm morphology, and reduced sperm motility and density. Remarkable deformities in sperm head and tail were also found in triptolide-exposed mice. At the transcriptome level, the triptolide-treated mice exhibited aberrant expression profiles of lncRNAs/circRNAs/mRNAs. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed lncRNA targets, circRNA cognate genes, and mRNAs were closely linked to many processes involved in spermatogenesis. In addition, some lncRNAs/circRNAs were greatly upregulated or inducibly expressed, implying their potential value as candidate markers for triptolide-induced male reproductive toxicity.Conclusion::This study provides a preliminary database of triptolide-induced transcriptome, promotes understanding of the reproductive toxicity of triptolide, and highlights the need for research on increasing the medical efficacy of triptolide and decreasing its toxicity.
Amphotericin B Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Parenteral Delivery: Characterization, Antifungal and In vitro Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Nimtrakul Pataranapa , Tiyaboonchai Waree , Lamlertthon Supaporn 
Published: July 2019

Background:Amphotericin B (AmB) is important for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Nowadays, only intravenous administration (IV) of AmB has been available due to its low aqueous solubility. Two forms of AmB are available. The first is Fungizone®, a mixture of AmB and sodium deoxcycholate that produces severe nephrotoxicity. The second are lipid-based formulations that reduce nephrotoxicity, but they are costly and require higher dose than Fungizone®. Thus, a cheaper delivery system with reduced AmB toxicity is required.Objective:To develop and characterize AmB loaded-nanostructured lipid carriers (AmB-loaded NLCs) for IV administration to reduce AmB toxicity.Methods:AmB-loaded NLCs with different solid lipids were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization technique. Their physicochemical properties and the drug release profile were examined. The molecular structure of AmB, antifungal and hemolysis activities of developed AmB-loaded NLCs were also evaluated.Results:AmB-loaded NLCs ~110 to ~140 nm in diameter were successfully produced with a zeta potential of ~-19 mV and entrapment efficiency of ~75%. In vitro release showed fast release characteristics. AmB-loaded NLCs could reduce the AmB molecular aggregation as evident from the absorbance ratio of the first to the fourth peak showing a partial aggregation of AmB. This result suggested that AmB-loaded NLCs could offer less nephrotoxicity compared to Fungizone®. In vitro antifungal activity of AmB-loaded NLCs showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25 µgmL-1.Conclusion:AmB-loaded NLCs present high potential carriers for effective IV treatment with prolonged circulation time and reduced toxicity.
Diagnosis and Management of Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Wilkie Gianna , Mittal Leena , Smith Nicole 
Published: July 2019

Background:
To provide a review of the literature with regards to the diagnosis and management
of eating disorders in pregnancy.

Methods:
Available literature was reviewed and summarized to discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis,
natural history of the illness, and treatment.

Results:
Eating disorders are common mental health conditions in reproductive-aged women, including
pregnant women. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are the
most commonly diagnosed, with a mixed clinical picture existing due to the fluidity between these
conditions. Pregnancy can often act as a trigger for eating disorders given the focus on weight gain
and the stressors associated with the changing physical appearance of pregnancy. There are significant
maternal and fetal risks associated with eating disorders in pregnancy including an elevated
risk of cesarean delivery, postpartum depression, preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality. Treatment
of eating disorders should involve a multidisciplinary team of providers with close monitoring
in pregnancy and the postpartum period with honest discussions on handling weight gain and triggering
restrictions associated with pregnancy.

Conclusion:
Pregnancy is a high-risk time for women with eating disorders given the significant
maternal and fetal risks of their illness.
Knowledge of Pharmacists about Anti-epileptic Drugs in a Developing Country
Authors: Ali Mohammed Awad Osman , Mahgoub Esra Abdallah Abdalwahed , Nimir Mohammed , Ali Kamil Mirghani 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Pharmacists play an essential role in educating the epileptic patients about their
disease and their medications. Improving the patient’s awareness may lead to improve their compliance and
decrease drug-drug interaction and ultimately improve their quality of life.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the pharmacist’s knowledge about anti-epileptic drugs in Khartoum
State, Sudan.

Method:
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Khartoum State, Sudan. Proportionate stratified
sampling was used to determine the targeted Pharmacies, and all pharmacists who were present in the
selected pharmacy at the time of data collection and fulfilled our selection criteria were included in the
study. A structure closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from candidates.

Results:
Majority of participants were female (66.9%), less than 30 years old (66.7%) and have less than 5
years of experience (62.1%). Unfortunately, the majority of the participants (85.3%) had poor knowledge,
and only (14.7%) of them had good knowledge. Furthermore, the study revealed that age (p =.030), years of
experience (p =.026) and the degree in pharmacy (p = .003) were significantly associated with knowledge
level.

Conclusions:
Majority of the pharmacists in Khartoum State have poor knowledge about anti-epileptic
drugs. Further research is needed to investigate the actual factors behind this knowledge gap and to propose
interventions to improve the pharmacist’s knowledge and practice aiming to improve the quality of health
care provided to the patients.
Reframing Innovation
Authors: Bradbury Victoria , O'Hara Suzy 
Published: July 2019

This paper outlines five presentations delivered by invited panelists during Reframing Innovation: Art, the Maker Movement and Critique, our New Media Caucus affiliated panel at the CAA Conference, February 2019, New York City. The panel developed from our co-edited volume, Art Hack Practice(forthcoming, Routledge) which investigates global art hacking practices employed by individuals and groups who are working within, around or against the phenomenon known as ‘maker culture’ as artists, designers, curators and historians.
Each presentation offers a distinct account of contemporary art practices that reveal the many manifestations, characteristics and dialogs around current art hacking practices. By publishing these talks here, we aim to provide readers with new insights into projects that challenge perceived distinctions between sites of artistic and economic production by brokering new, direct ways of working between them, thereby challenging traditional understandings of the role and place of the art in society.
Conflictos entre profesores y estudiantes al iniciar la formación médica: un estudio con incidentes críticos
Authors: Luna de la Luz Verónica , Varela Ruiz Margarita Elena , Fortoul van der Goes Teresa Imelda 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: En la formación de los médicos, los conflictos se presentan desde los primeros años en la relación entre el profesor y los estudiantes.
Objetivo: Explorar las causas de los conflictos que se presentan en la relación entre profesores y estudiantes en el primer año de formación médica de una universidad pública, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes.
Método: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo a través de 160 incidentes críticos de estudiantes de la generación 2016 de la licenciatura de médico cirujano en una universidad pública. El análisis de los datos se realizó a partir de la teoría fundamentada modificada.
Resultados: Se definieron 8 categorías que originaron los conflictos desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes: actitud negativa, intolerancia e incomprensión del profesor, baja eficacia y poco compromiso del docente o evaluación injusta. Lo que coincide con reportes realizados durante el entrenamiento clínico y en otras áreas disciplinares.
Conclusiones: Los conflictos ocurren principalmente porque, de acuerdo con la perspectiva de los estudiantes, los profesores presentan escasas competencias socioemocionales. Estos hallazgos permiten conocer cómo inician los estudiantes la construcción de su identidad profesional al interactuar con los profesores.
Cambios en la calidad de sueño, somnolencia diurna, ansiedad y depresión durante el internado médico de pregrado
Authors: Gómez Landeros Ofelia , Zúñiga Valadés Alberto , Granados Cosme José Arturo , Velasco Arenas Félix Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: Las dificultades crónicas de sueño, así como la privación de este se asocian con trastornos como la depresión y la ansiedad, estas patologías han sido observadas por diferentes investigaciones en estudiantes del internado de medicina, en quienes el porcentaje de malos dormidores oscila entre 60 a 90%.
Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en la calidad de sueño, somnolencia diurna, ansiedad y depresión al inicio y al final del internado médico en estudiantes de una universidad pública.
Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal por medio de medición de variables en una cohorte al inicio y al final del internado. Del total de los médicos internos de pregrado de la generación julio 2016 (N = 51), se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria (n = 45) en la que se aplicaron los instrumentos: índice de calidad de sueño Pittsburgh, escala de somnolencia Epworth, e inventarios de Beck para ansiedad y depresión. Se realizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como las pruebas estadísticas McNemar para calidad de sueño y Wilcoxon para somnolencia diurna, ansiedad y depresión. La información se procesó con el programa SPSS versión 22 con nivel de significancia de 0.05.
Resultados: Al final del internado médico se incrementó la mala calidad de sueño, la somnolencia diurna y los niveles de ansiedad presentando diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Se vieron afectados los grados de depresión en forma negativa sin mostrar significancia.
Conclusiones: Tanto la ansiedad como la depresión mostraron una elevación importante de sus prevalencias al final del internado médico, por lo que se recomienda realizar evaluaciones periódicas medidas de prevención y valorar la influencia de diversos estresores.
Las aplicaciones digitales como herramienta didáctica para el estudio de la Parasitología Médica
Authors: Rivera-Fernández Norma , García-Dávila Paola , Alpuche Hernández Amílcar 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: El uso de las aplicaciones electrónicas (apps) en la enseñanza médica ha demostrado que facilita el aprendizaje, ya que permite tener acceso inmediato al conocimiento a cualquier hora y en cualquier lugar. Objetivo: Desarrollar y evaluar una aplicación electrónica (app) para estudiar la morfología y el ciclo biológico del parásito Toxoplasma gondii, para los alumnos del módulo de Parasitología de la asignatura de Microbiología y Parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM, para reforzar e integrar la información de la enfermedad toxoplasmosis, que es una de las parasitosis más complejas que se estudian en el módulo. Método: La aplicación se desarrolló en el Departamento de Visualización y Realidad Virtual (DVRV) de la Dirección de Cómputo y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (DGTIC) de la UNAM, y se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de satisfacción de usuario que se aplicó a los estudiantes del módulo, utilizando una variable criterial de satisfacción correspondiente a la escala de Satisfacción de la versión española del Cuestionario Distance Education Learning Survey. La consistencia interna para el instrumento se calculó con la prueba Alpha de Cronbach. Para identificar la estructura del instrumento, se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP), con rotación Varimax y normalización Kaiser. Resultados: Los resultados en el ACP indicaron una apropiada adecuación muestral y elementos pertinentes en el instrumento analizado. La consistencia interna para el instrumento mostró un valor estandarizado de 0.87, lo cual aporta evidencia para afirmar que los reactivos miden el mismo constructo relacionando su patrón de respuestas entre sí. Conclusión: La app fue bien aceptada por los estudiantes y cumplió con el objetivo. Las respuestas de los estudiantes permitirán mejorar el diseño de futuras aplicaciones electrónicas para el estudio de la parasitología médica.