bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tail-flick-est – aspects use in pharmacological researches
Authors: Kava T. V. , Yadlovskiy O. E. 
Published: October 2018

The adequate assessment of anti-nociceptive activity is important. This is necessary for development of new analgesics that exceed effectiveness and/or safety of existing analgesics, fundamental research, study specifics pharmacodynamics of known analgesics.
Рurpose of work is scientific and methodical analyze approaches to study of antinociceptive activity with Tail-flick test.
The study was carried out using databases on the Internet using science-based databases: PubMed, Medline, Europe PMC, FDA, EMA, Google Scholar. Methods of approach to planning, conducting an experiment, interpretation of the received data were analyzed. It were use retrospective, logical and system-analytical research methods.
It has analyzed the level scientific physiological, pharmacological, and experimental data of anesthetic activity evaluation of Tail-flick-test. The method has several advantages, among them: simplicity, lack special skills from experimenter, effectiveness for screening opioid and other analgesics, the accuracy of the results of the experiment and moderate time consumption of experiment. But method has some disadvantages, namely: adaptation animals to nociceptive irritation (re-stimulation, especially when reducing the intervals between measurements; increase intensity radiation). Tail-flick-test did not reveal appropriate efficacy study anti-nociceptive activity of opioid receptor antagonist- agonists.
Thus, the Tail-flick test is one of the most adequate methods for Tail-flick-test is informative to study of the opioid component of analgesics. The accuracy and adequacy of the experimental data depends on the characteristics of the experiment setting and the rules for conducting the research.
Experimental rationale of selection of the hypoglicemic dose of ginger dry extract on normoglycemic rats
Authors: Kononenko N. М. , Chikitkina V. V. , Sorokina M. V. , Alkhalaf M. W. 
Published: October 2018

Modern regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes include various groups of oral hypoglycemic agents, most of which could cause side effects. Pharmacological activity of these medicines with long-term use is often reduced, which indicates the need to expand the range of new antidiabetic drugs. Promising antidiabetic agents are substances of plant origin that have a wide range of pharmacological effects, minimal adverse reactions and can be an effective preventive and curative adjunct to the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Among medicinal plants with hypoglycemic action, ginger medicinal (Zingiber officinale) is promising for the development of a new antidiabetic agent.
The aim of the work was a screening study of the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of ginger.
The subject of the study was a dry of Ginger extract medicinal (Medagroprom, Dnipro), obtained from ginger rhizomas by extraction with 50% alcohol and spray-drying. The substance of Ginger extract is a fine-grained powder of light brown color with a peculiar scent and sharp taste, the dry residue is not less than 95%, the content of gingerols is 5%.
Screening of the effective dose of Ginger extract for hypoglycemic action was performed on intact normoglycemic rats in a dose range of 10–150 mg/kg. As a reference, the compound «Arfazetin» and metformin were used. The possible hypoglycemic effect of Ginger extract was determined after its single fasting intragastric administration. The antihyperglycemic properties of Ginger extract were studied under conditions of 20-day administration with intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance tests on the dynamics of glycemia and areas under glycemic curves.
A single introduction of Ginger extract in a dose range of 10–150 mg/kg and comparison drug «Arfazetine» did not show a hypoglycemic effect when fasting. Against the background of 20-day extract of ginger administration at intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test it was revealed that the pronounced antihyperglycemic effect of Ginger extract begins to manifest at a dose of 80 mg/kg (40%) and remains consistently the same when a high dose is administered – 150 mg/kg (41%). On the model of oral glucose tolerance test, when using extract of ginger in doses of 80 and 100 mg/kg, almost identical oppression of acute hyperglycemia was registered at 40 and 38% at the 30th minute of the test. This indicates a pronounced antihyperglycemic effect of the study agent. In terms of antihyperglycemic activity, extract of ginger at a dose of 80 mg/kg is not inferior to metformin and significantly exceeds the compoud «Arfazetin» by 1.3 times.
The obtained results are the basis for in-depth study of Ginger extract at a dose of 80 mg/kg as antidiabetic agent.
Analysis of the dynamics structure of National formulary of medicines
Authors: Kabachna A. V. , Shelkova E. V. , Kabachnyi O. G. 
Published: October 2018

For effective functioning in modern conditions the Concept of rational use of medicines, formulated by the WHO's initiative in 1985, requires cooperation of three basic components: the formulary system, the list of essential drugs and the availability of medical care protocols.
One of the main tools to streamline drug provision in clinical practice is recognized the introduction of the formulary system and the development of the WHO Base formulary, which became the starting point for the creation of national formularies.
While creating National formulary British National Formulary was elected as prototype.
Despite the fact that the State formulary structure basically meet international requirements, there is an objective need for its continuous improvement. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of the structure of the eight editions National formularies published in Ukraine from 2009 to 2016 and determination of the main directions of its improvement.
Materials and methods. Performed information retrieval and analysis of the structure of all eight issues of the State Formulary Ukraine.
The analysis of the dynamics of the structure of State Formulars indicate the need for a gradual improvement of a number of indicators relating to the share of drugs included in the National List and reducing the share of drugs dispensed without a prescription. The list needs radical revision of the INN, which can be purchased health care facility for the budget and the number of combined drugs. Particular attention should be paid to the number of trade names of medicines domestic and foreign production, which accounted for one in terms of value medicines of domestic and foreign production, thus realizing the program for import substitution.
Special attention in creating State Formulary should be paid to the need to include Information on bioequivalence of medicines, the level of evidence of their effectiveness and the reference price.
The investigation of the cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) concentrated juice antimicrobial activity
Authors: Yatsiuk K. M. , Feodorovska M. I. , Kutsyk R. V. 
Published: October 2018

The urinary system infections is one of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system in women. Of particular interest in the prevention and treatment of chronic cystitis is the consumption of the cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) fruits. This plant has long been used in urological practice due to the content of proantocianidins, flavonoids, organic acids (benzoic, citric, quinic, ursolic), pectin substances, vitamins, microelements etc. Numerous clinical studies (including randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled) reveal statistically reliable efficiency of cranberry juice in the forms of concentrates, cocktails and capsules to urinary system infections prevention in women.
Since the main pathogens of urinary system infections are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, the aim of our work was to study the antimicrobial properties of the cranberry concentrated juice.
Comparative testing of antimicrobial activity was performed using micromethod of diffusion in agar.
The carried out study indicates that the concentrated juice maintains antimicrobial properties to the most common uropathogenic microorganisms. Effective antimicrobial concentration was found according with analysis of microbial cultures growth curves in a nutrient medium with various juice dilutions. Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, E. faecalis) are more sensitive to the cranberry concentrated juice than gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa).
The adhere ability to a solid surface with the subsequent formation of biofilm is an important factor in the uropathogenic bacteria virulence. Therefore, the next step was to study the effect of cranberry juice biologically active compounds on the biofilms formation in the uropathogenic bacteria broth cultures. It was determined that cranberry juice suppresses the biofilm formation of S. aureus with the greatest intensity. It was observed the 45,3–55,8% reduction of the biofilm creating intensity in the presence of the condensed juice subbacteriostatic dilutions. When the condensed juice was diluted as 1:160, inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm formation ability on 44,90% was detected. The effect of cranberry biologically active compounds on the biofilms formation by gram-negative bacteria was observed in the range of 20%.
Thus, the obtained cranberry concentrated juice can be recommended as the remedy for application in prevention of recurrent urinary system infections.
Antibiofilm activity of aminopropanol derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Dudikova D. M. , Suvorova Z. S. , Nedashkivska V. V. , Sharova A. O. , Dronova M. L. , Vrynchanu N. O. 
Published: October 2018

Bacterial biofilm, particularly formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are a cause of severe chronic infectious diseases. Bacteria within a biofilm are phenotypically more resistant to antibiotics and the macroorganism immune system, making it an important virulence factor for many microbes.
The aminopropanol derivatives with adamantyl (KVM-97) and N-alkylaryl radicals (KVM-194, KVM-204, KVM-261, and KVM-262) were used as study object. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiofilm activity of compounds on biofilm formation and on mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The effects of the aminopropanol derivatives on the biofilm mass were evaluated by using crystal violet assay. Ciprofloxacin, meropenem, ceftazidime, gentamicin were used as reference substances.
Reported results demonstrate that all compounds displayed antibiofilm activity at the tested concentrations. Remarkable reduction in biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was found after treatment with KVM-97, KVM-261 and KVM-262 in high concentration (5× MIC), biofilm inhibition activity were 84.3%, 90.5% and 83.3% respectively.
After a treatment with KVM-204 at 250 μg/ml (5× MIC) 76.6% of the preformed 24-hr biofilms were destroyed. Furthermore, compounds KVM-97, KVM-194, and KVM-261 in both concentrations showed potent antibiofilm activity against the P. aeruginosa, inhibition activity values being between 56.7 and 65.7%.
All tested compounds in dose-dependent manner exhibited pronounced inhibition activity against mature 5-days P. аeruginosa biofilm.
It was also observed that tested compounds show high antibiofilm activity in comparison to reference antimicrobials.
The aminopropanol derivatives may provide templates for a new group of antimicrobial agents and potential future therapeutics for treating chronic infections.
Optimization of the use of digital technologies in the educational process of pharmacists interns
Authors: Revyatsky I. Yu. , Grynkiv Ya. O. , Zalis’ka O. M. 
Published: October 2018

In the modern educational process, the problem of applying innovative teaching methods remains one of the most actual in pedagogical and research activities, and the issues of the use of digital information technologies (DIT) and distance education require constant monitoring and careful study.
The aim of the work was to optimize the implementation of the educational process (EP) of pharmacists-interns by mastering modern DIT standards, software capabilities and approaches to their use.
Following processes were analyzed: the organization of education of pharmacists-interns at the department of the OEF, the technology of medicines and pharmacoeconomics of the Postgraduate Faculty Danylo Halytsky Lviv national medical university; Results of anonymous questionnaires of pharmacists-interns; The possibilities of communication programs for smartphones.
The process of o organization education involves the operation of certain information and is responsible for its systematization, distribution between teachers, interns, study groups and streams. We implemented the distribution of such information for the purpose and temporary relevance to the following types: current or targeted (CTI) – relevant for a short period of time, provides for the submission of information to a particular intern or group of interns; Temporarily static (TSI) – is current and permanent only for interns of a specific training cycle; General conditionally constant information (GCI) – relevant for interns of any training cycle and from year to year almost does not change. We also worked out the existing forms of submitting this information to interns, optimized and tested them. Based on the received data, we began to use: chat programs of smartphones (for the CTI and the TSI); Pages of the department in social networks (for TSI, GCI); the site of the department pharmosvita.esy.es (for GCI) created by us. Also, we give in social networks and/or chat programs, a message about the change in GCI.
Based on the work done, the department optimized the use of DIT by teachers. One of its main results is a qualitative increase in the level of communication processes between teachers and pharmacists-interns.
The use of Google form allowed to interns to independently submit the information necessary for the organization of the EP at the time and place convenient for them, having all the necessary documents with data nearby.
Using by teachers of the Department of Google services and local computer network optimized the processes of joint formation and exchange of information. Optimizing the processes of operating information and automating the processes of obtaining it with the help of DIT made it possible to reduce the time spent on the organization, reporting, and the total amount of information load on teachers as a whole.
Synthesis, physic and chemical properties of 2-(4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate acids and their salts
Authors: Suhak O. A. , Panasenko О. I. , Knysh Ye. G. 
Published: October 2018

Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are inherent in various types of biological activity. They can be used as pesticide and medicinal drugs (anticonvulsants, analgetics, antitumor and antibacterial). In this regard the search of new methods of synthesis and investigation of biological activity of 2-(4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate acids and their salts is relevant nowadays.
With the aim of finding the new biologically active compounds 2-(4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate acids and their salts are synthesized, where R is methyl, ethyl, phenyl. The interaction of 4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thions with monochloracetate acid in the medium of i-propyl alcohol in the presence of an equivalent amount of alkali the corresponding 2-(4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4 triazole-3-ylthio)acetate acids are obtained on the basis of which the corresponding salts of morpholine, dimethylamine, monoethanolamine, pteridine, ZnSO4 , CuSO4, NaOH and KOH are obtained and the structure of the received compounds was confirmed on the basis of the data of elemental, IR-, 1H-NMR-spectroscopy.
The synthesis of 2-(4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio) acetate acids and their salts was conducted. With the help of modern physico-chemical methods: elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR-spectroscopy the structure of synthesized compounds, and their individuality by HPLC-MS is proved.
In the IR spectrum of the compound 2-(4-phenyl-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate acid Ic available band fluctuations groups characteristic for the nucleus of 1,2,4-triazole: NH– in the range of 3 400–3 100 cm-1,–C=N– – 1 690–1 620 cm-1. Also present band fluctuations groups –C–S– at 691 cm-1. Available band fluctuations characteristic of the group –CH2 within 1496.59 cm-1 and group –COO-H– – 1722.70 cm-1.
This suggests the possibility to further study the biological action of the synthesized compounds.
Study of PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity
Authors: Karbovskyi V. L. , Shevchuk I. A. , Kurkina O. V. , Makovska T. Ye. 
Published: October 2018

Febrile neutropenia caused by cytostatic therapy in the treatment of oncological diseases is a frequent complication, which results in enforced reduction in chemotherapy doses and lower effectiveness of the treatment. Introduction of the recombinant forms of the natural protein granulocyte colony-stimulating factor into clinical practice has allowed to minimize the negative consequences of myelosuppressive therapies. The main task of repeated dose toxicity studies of drugs is evaluation of damaging effects of the pharmacological substance, revealing the most sensitive organs and systems in the body.
Therefore, our work was aimed at studying sub-acute toxicity of PEG-Filstim.
Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. During the whole observational period, survival, water and food consumption, body weight and symptoms of intoxication were registered. After completion of the experiment, spontaneous diurnal diuresis was evaluated and clinical blood and urine examination performed in all groups of animals.
The results have shown that PEG-Filstim on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg during 28 days does not cause death in the animals, nor general toxic effects on health, behaviour, food and water consumption, body weight growth in laboratory rats. Upon repeated administration in the studied doses, PEG-Filstim does not affect protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, does not impair functions of urinary and hepatobiliary systems, but increases blood serum alkaline phosphatase activity. PEG-Filstim causes development of pronounced neutrophil leucocytosis and increase in monocyte, lymphocyte and eosinophil count. In the maximum dose of 2.0 mg/kg the studied drug decreases blood red cell count and haemoglobin level.
Histological study of the drug PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity
Authors: Karbovskyy V. L. , Shevchuk I. A. , Kurkina O. V. , Makovska T. Ye. 
Published: October 2018

One of the critical steps in development of safe and efficient drugs during their pre-clinical trials are toxicity studies.
Therefore, the aim of our work was to study PEG-Filstim toxic effects on animal internal organs and tissues.
Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight of 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. In all groups of animals, after completing the experiment careful pathomorphologic and histological examination was performed.
PEG-Filstim has been shown to possess no toxic effects on internal organs of laboratory rats and does not cause specific changes in the heart, kidneys and mucous coat of stomach on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg within 28 days. In the maximum applied dose of 2.0 mg/kg, the studied drug causes pronounced acute splenic hyperplasia, related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leads to functional strain of the liver due to formation of hematopoietic foci in it, as well as impaired integrity of the respiratory epithelium and congestive signs in the lungs, swelling of the brain tissues, abnormalities in the gray matter structure and hyperemia of the brain vessels. These effects were not observed in the animals, to which the drug was administered in the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Administration of PEG-Filstim (in all studied doses) results in increasing the size of the ankle joint in rats, which is related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leading to bone defect formation in the form of perforation with subsequent filling the periosteum with reticular tissue and formation of hematopoietic foci within its boundaries.
Multiple criteria decision analyisis for health technology assessment: scientific substantiation of criteria selection in Ukraine
Authors: Piniazhko O. B. , Zaliska O. M. 
Published: October 2018

Multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a framework where multiple criteria are being considered in a well-structured manner during the decision-making process. This methodology is becoming increasingly popular for aiding and supporting health-care decision making. Defining the criteria is a critical stage in the process as it forms the foundation of MCDA.
Our aim was to review information sources on the application of MCDA in practice in the world and to analyze the criteria included in the MCDA models. Research objects were MCDA reports and models from PubMed database. Research methods were system and content analyzes, data synthesis, generalization, extrapolation, statistical.
We reviewed scientific publications and official documents of existing or proposed MCDA models. We identified the criteria and assigned them into nine groups: Economics, Disease description, Intervention description, Health gain, Feasibility, Prevalence, Evidence quality, Social and ethical factors and Other criteria. We looked at MCDAs which are aimed to be used for Reimbursement or Investment Decisions (86%) and for Authorization Decisions (14%). Of the reviewed 25 MCDA models aimed to support reimbursement decisions only 1 lacks cost-related criteria, while 7 scoring systems lack social and ethical factors and 12 MCDAs don’t mention epidemiology or classification of target groups directly. We found that none of the reviewed MCDAs used for authorization decisions mentioned socioeconomic criteria. There is no direct connection between the number of criteria included in MCDA models intended to support reimbursement decisions and the GDP per capita figures of countries.
It can be seen that the selection of criteria has no standardized approach yet and most of the existing or proposed MCDA models were conducted to be relevant for decision-makers in the particular decision problems. The MCDAs supporting reimbursement decisions considered more criteria and the majority of them included economics and societal factors while most MCDAs intended to support authorization decisions only focused on the potential health benefits and outcomes. The most MCDA models included in our research were built in high-income countries.