bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of urea supplementation and incubation time in fermentation process of bagasse by using Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of G. lucidum and the nutritive value of bagasse
Authors: Agustin Fauzia , Elihasridas  , Juliyarsi Indri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFermentation of bagasse with fungiGanoderma lucidumwas designed to determine the effect of urea and optimum time to get the best growth ofG. lucidumand the nutritive value of bagasse and the optimum laccase activity ofG. lucidum. Treatments were combination of nitrogen dose (0% urea and 0.3% urea) and incubation time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 days). The treatments were arranged in factorial 2x7 and allocated in completely randomized design with three replications. The result showed that there was no interaction of urea supplementation and incubation time (P>0.05) on laccase activity, but each factor was significant different. The laccase activity in bagasse which supplemented with 0.3% urea was higher than bagasse without supplemented. Dry matter content of the substrate decreased as much as 27.45% in urea treatment, was higher than non urea supplementation (15.45%). Organic matter content of fermented bagasse decreased as much as 31.64%, was higher than non urea supplementation (21.86%). It can be concluded that (1) urea can be used 0.3% as nitrogen source in fermentation process usingG. lucidum, (2) the highest VFA content of fermented bagasse was 98.25 mM in the length of fermentation up to 60 days with 0.3% urea with the NH3 value was 15.99 mg%, (3) The highest dry matter and organic digestibility occurs in bagasse which is fermented with the addition of usingGanoderma lucidumwhich is at 40 days fermentation time with dry matter digestibility value 43.39% and organic matter digestibility value 40.97%.
The utilization of different binders for pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase: a physical characteristic of pelleted native chicken ration
Authors: Harnentis  , Marlida Yetti , Amizar Robi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This research aim was to know the influence of addition of binders (bentonite, tapioca flour, gambier liquid waste, and onggok) on physical characteristics of pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase. A completely randomized design was applied in this experiment with five treatments and five replicates. Moisture content, angle of response, bulk and compacted bulk densities, specific gravity, compaction rate, and pellet durability were determined. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to completely randomized design and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Data indicated that moisture content, bulk density, compact bulk density and pellet durability affected significantly by binders, while angle of response, specific gravity and compaction rate had no affected by the presence of binders. Moisture content, bulk density, compacted bulk density, pellet durability of ration with binders were significantly different with ration without binder. Ration with gambier liquid waste binder had the highest value for bulk density and compacted bulk density, i.e. 1.36 g/cm3±0.011 and 1.46 g/cm3±001 respectively, while the value of pellet durability in ration with bentonite and tapioca flour binders were higher than others (98.63±0.11 and 98.49±0.05). It is concluded that the addition of binders in native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase pelleted were able to improve the physical characteristic of native breed chicken ration.
The effects of leguminous supplementation on ammoniated rice straw based completed feed on nutrient digestibility on in vitro microbial protein synthesis
Authors: Zain Mardiati , Ningrat Rusmana W S , Erpomen  , Putri Ezi Masdia , Makmur Malik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Legume is the best source of protein to ruminant. Tannin content in legumes can provide protein by pass for ruminant. This study was conducted to determine the effect supplementation of legumes (Leucaena leucocephala) as substitute of concentrate on nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis of the completed feed based on ammoniated rice straw. The study was conducted in an in vitro used a randomized block design where there were 3 treatments dan 5 replications. The treatments were A. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 60% concentrate, B. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 50% concentrate + 10% Leucaena leucocephala, C. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 40% concentrate +10, + 20% Leucaena leucocephala. The results showed that the addition of of Leucaena leucocephala had increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and microbial protein synthesis (p< 0.05). Increased doses of Leucaena leucocephala until 20% decreased digestion of nutrition compared with dose 10% but was still higher than control. In conclusion, the supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala on completed feed based on ammoniated rice straw in vitro can increase nutrient degradability. Supplementation of 10% and 20% Leucaena leucochepala were suitable to be used for further studies, therefore in vivo experiment is required to study the effects on animal production.
The chemical characteristics of yoghurt (Lactobacillus fermentum MGA40-6 and Streptococcus thermophilus) with additional puree from Senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum, L.)
Authors: Sandra Afriani , Fitri Kurnia Yulianti , Sukma Ade , Purwati Endang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding the puree of senduduk fruit on the chemical characteristics of yoghurt. The experiment is conducted by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by adding different concentrations of senduduk fruit’s puree into yoghurt; A (0%), B (1.5%), C (3%), D (4.5%), dan E (6%). The results of this study with adding the puree of senduduk fruit into yoghurt can significantly increased the total titratable acidity, protein concentration and antioxidant activity. The experiments also show the decrease on the pH value, but showing not significant differences at the water content and ash concentration of the yoghurt. In conclusion, adding 4.5% (D) of senduduk fruit puree into yoghurt is the best to produce a consumtive yoghurt with (1.54%) total titratable acidity, (5.18%) protein concentration, (56.72%) antioxidant activity, (4.4) pH, (77.59 % ) water and (1.22%) ash.
The characteristics of organic fertilizer made of cow feces using the Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) from raw manures
Authors: Novia D , Rakhmadi A , Purwati E , Juliyarsi I , Hairani R , Syalsafilah F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Raw manures are very potential if it can be processed into Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) and organic fertilizers. It has sustainable availability in large number, yet if it is not processed into the useful matter, it causes water and air pollution. IMO is a kind of biological products which can be used as decomposers in the production of organic fertilizers, yet it is almost unknown to the public. The IMO of raw manures is cheaper, easier to produce and more economical than IMO of commercial products such as EM4 or others. The making of the IMO used the experimental method called Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in which 5 treatments were given by using raw manures from the different animal such as cow, goat, rabbit, quail, and chicken with 4 replications for each. The result IMO was further examined for the moisture content, pH value, total plate count, lactic acid bacteria count, fungal count, and N. Then the IMO was applied in the production of organic fertilizer from cow feces with 21 days fermentation time, then it is further examined for the value of moisture content, pH, N, P, K, and C/N ratio. If the results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant effect then it is proceeded by Duncan’s test. Based on the research results, it is obtained that IMO of quail feces produce organic fertilizer with the highest N, P, K content.
The characteristics of the pericarp of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) extract as natural antioxidants in rendang
Authors: Melia S , Novia D , Juliyarsi I , Purwati E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the role of pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (commonly known as Mangosteen) extract as natural antioxidants in rendang. The materials used in this study were obtained from Mangosteen of Pariaman, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Xhantones were extracted from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana by using ethanol. The rendang were made with additional Mangosteen extract: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. The data obtained were processed statistically. If treatment showed significant results (P <0.05), it then further tested by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SPSS method. Results indicated that pericarp of Mangosteen produces the antioxidants. Xanthones content of Mangosteen extract was 37.5 mg/100ml. Another component were found: total phenolic content 90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g dry weight) mg GAE/g, tannins 3.02% and anthocyanins 1.85%. The organoleptic test showed that addition of the extract in rendang was not significant (P>0.05) and addition of mangosteen extract could extend the storage life of rendang.
Effect of mega floral booster addition on carcass characteristics of quail meat
Authors: Sharif U H , Kamarudin A S , Huda N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Mega Floral Booster (MFB) as probiotic supplement on the carcass yield and physicochemical properties of quail meat. The treatment is divided to four treatments based on percentage of MFB include MFB-0.00 (control), MFB-0.05 (0.05% of MFB), MFB-0.20 (0.20% of MFB) and MFB-0.35 (0.35% of MFB). The 18 of quail species Cortunix japonica (Japanese quail) used as the main material in the studyfor each treatments. For the first until fourteen days, the quails are supplied with commercial feed only. After fifteen days, the quails begin provided with the MFB-0.00, MFB-0.05, MFB-0.20 and MFB-0.35 mixed with commercial feed. The quails for 42nd days slaughtered and deboned of breast and whole leg separated from the bone for analysis. Probiotic supplement (Mega Floral Booster) had no influence on body weight, and carcass characteristics (breast, whole leg muscle and carcass yield) (p>0.05). MFB-0.20 had influence on color parameter (L*, a* and b*), pH and WHC of quail meats compared to MFB-0.00 (p<0.05). MFB show cooking loss, juiciness and Warner-Bratzler shear force not affected by treatment. Thus, Mega Floral Booster is not affecting the quality of quail meats.
Analysis of prospects application of integrated farming system models for lowland rice with beef cattle to strengthen farmers’ economy in West Sumatera
Authors: Agustar Asdi , Juniarti  , Indrayani Ida 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Crop-Livestock-System (CLS) is an agricultural system approach that can improve business efficiency, maintain land fertility and realize sustainable agriculture, especially on small-scale agriculture. This research was conducted in Gunung Talang Subdistrict, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, aimed to find out the habits of farmers and the potential to integrate and calculate farmers’ income if they only do one commodity farming, namely rice, or rice and cattle. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 using survey methods. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 30 lowland rice farmers as respondents, randomly selected. Data collected includes crop and livestock farming data such as: farmer characteristics, average rice field area, average productivity and production value, average number and value of inputs (seeds, inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and organic and inorganic pesticides, the average supply of laboratory in an integrated farming system between plants and cattle. The results showed that average rice yield was 5.74 tons/ha of dried ground rice. The use of inorganic fertilizer urea 100 kg/ha (N 71.43%), SP-36 50 kg/ha (50%), KCl 50 kg/ha (50%).The income of farmers with only rice IDR 11,816,807 for ones hectare land. Total income from paddy (1 ha) and livestock (2 heads) integrated farming system about IDR 17, 612,405/season and provide R/C value about 1.44, meanwhile R/C value of non integrated farming system about 1.33. It means, paddy and livestock integrated farming system could increase farmer’s income about 49,45% per season compared to non integrated farming.
Basic mapping data of Jambi Province potency for a continuous livestock development strategy
Authors: Nora D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Local commodity in Jambi Province consists of 20 kinds of product for plantation area, which in its entirety have the power of the biggest labour variation amount that is in plantation area (85%) followed by farm area (66,67%) and animal husbandry area (63,64%). Technique to identify regional input contribution. As for the quantity of input resources variation becomes the measurement of : (1) the unit size of commodity area, (2) effort variation and effort specification, (3) quantity of effort contribution, (4) alternative potency and prior potency of area effort that becomes a measurement. The result above can be used as precisely basic identification program in specifying program policy that is integrated to strengthen the commodity power. Jambi Province has the ability to apply integration program between farming-plantation, animal husbandry (P3) to support reinforcement of self sufficiency in food and effort. The action of maintaining this final potency of commodity can be taken as a recommendation to keep the stability of raw and final material availability as commodity of area requirement accomplished also can be developed continuously in Jambi Province To answer the second problem in this research, it is stated that the lowest standard pattern that can be done in developing local resources program to maintain food is by P3 pattern (Plantation, Animal Husbandry and Agriculture). Basic mapping data horizontally, the plantation mapping possesses 3 area categories of commodity : green zone A, orange zone B and C yellow zone. Sub-provinces with green zone commodity area 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Zone B in sub-province (none), 5,6,7,8,9,11 and C Yellow zone sub-province is 10. Horizontally farming mapping owns 3 (three) area categories of commodity A green zone, B orange zone (none) and C yellow zone. Sub-province with green zone commodity are 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, zone B in sub-province in none and C yellow zone in sub province are 10,11. While horizontally animal husbandry mapping owns 4 area categories commodity. For Non Poultry livestock, B (non poultry livestock). Sub province non poultry livestock 1,2,3,4,5,6, Zone B (7,8,9,10,11), zone poultry livestock (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), B (9,10,11). while Vertically animal husbandry mapping owns 4 zone, they are active/high potency (A1,A2) non poultry livestock and poultry livestock conservation zone B and C. According to Nora (2016) identification of rescue conservation measures for livestock stock can be seen from: 1) whether or not there is integration of potential natural resources and animal husbandry activities (in terms of waste utilization), 2) an increase in deductions which causes changes in population to exceed the existing population, 3) absence of linearity between stock and cutting numbers, 4) mapping of conservation positions starting from level 2, 3, and 4.
Extension methods in adopting reproductive biotechnology innovation for cattle breeding in Dharmasraya District, West Sumatera
Authors: Ediset  , Madarisa Fuad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A study had been carried out from May to July 2016 to evaluate the extension methods utilized in adopting process of reproductive biotechnology innovation for beef cattle breeding in Dharmasraya district, West Sumatra. Following a survey method, 40 farmers of using Artificial Insemination (AI) and 14 farmers of using Embryo Transfer (ET) were interviewed. Those farmers were chosen by quota sampling method and saturated sampling method respectively. Both primary and secondary data were analyzed by descriptive and quantitative approach using Likert scale. The results showed that extension methods operated by extension workers consisted of three types; home and farm visit; demonstration and campaign.
Study of the application of technical aspects of Pesisir cattle in several regions of West Sumatera to maintain the existence of native Indonesian beef cattle
Authors: Iskandar I , Sartika W 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pesisir cattle are native Indonesian germplasm living in the coastal areas of West Sumatera. Pesisir cattle population was to decline from year to year. This research aims to examine the technical aspects of the maintenance of pesisir cattle in several regions in West Sumatera to maintain the existence of this native Indonesian beef cattle. The research method used is a survey. The research location was determined based on the distribution of Pesisir cattle in several regions in West Sumatera, namely Pesisir Selatan Regency, Pasaman Barat Regency, Padang Pariaman Regency, Agam Regency and Padang City. Data analysis was done by tabulation and scoring in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Husbandry Technical Aspects of the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry in 1992. The results showed that the technical maintenance of Pesisir cattle in Pesisir Selatan District, Pasaman Barat Regency, Padang Pariaman Regency, Agam Regency and Padang City were in the less category with scoring scores averaged 43,34%. This shows that Pesisir cattle breeding techniques in West Sumatera still need to be considered so that the native Indonesian cattle population can continue to grow.
Social and economic analysis of food crops and beef cattle sub systems in the dry land area of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kapa Maximilian M J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the system properties of food crop and beef cattle sub-systems in dry land area. The properties analyses are divided into two factors, namely the social and economic factors of both sub-systems. The study was conducted in Pakubaun Village in East Amarasi Sub District and Pukdale Village in East Kupang Sub District, Kupang Regency. The method applied was a survey method and the data was analyzed by using 5 (five) agro-ecosystem properties. Results of the research were the economic properties namely productivity of both subsystems were low to moderate, while, the stability of rice farming was low and the stability of the beef cattle enterprise was high. The sustainability of the two subsystems was high. Based on the social properties analysis, it was found that the equitability of food crops sub-system was low; on the contrary, the equitability of the beef cattle sub-system was high. From autonomy point of view, the results of this study indicated that the autonomy in both sub-systems was high. Based on agro-ecosystems properties, in general, the performance of both sub-systems was low, out of five properties only two properties described the high conditions.
Cost of goods sold analysis of banana blossom chicken nuggets in the women farmers group “KWT Kebersamaan” in Padang Pariaman Regency
Authors: Sartika W , Rahmi E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chicken nuggets are one of the products of meat processing technology that has good nutritional value and affordable prices compared to processed beef products. Despite having a fairly complete and good nutritional content, chicken nuggets contain high fat and low fiber. To increase the nutritional value of chicken nuggets, the Women Farmers Group “KWT KEBERSAMAAN” tried to make processed nugget with the ingredients of banana blossom and chicken meat. This study aims to analyze the cost of production and the cost of goods sold in banana blossom chicken nugget. Data used in this study were primary data from the company and secondary data obtained throught literature in line the tittle of the study. Method of calculating the cost of production and the cost of goods sold in this study is to use the full costing method and variable costing method. Results of this study showed that The cost of production obtained from the variable costing method is IDR 8,519/pack, while the full costing method costs IDR 10,719/pack. 200 gram of banana blossom-chicken nuggets per pack is sold at a price of IDR 10000, while the result of the research shows that the cost of goods sold is higher than the selling price set by the KWT Kebersamaan. The cost of goods sold using the variable costing method is IDR 13,074/pack and the full costing method obtains IDR 15,923/pack.
Early Faults and Characteristics of Large Capacity Non-salient Pole Synchronous Electric Machines
Authors: Wang Andong , Wang Jihao , Li Junqing , Ma Yangshuo , Sun Fuchun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Large-capacity synchronous machines are prone to failure due to their complicated structure. The timely detection and processing in the early stage of the failure can avoid further expansion of the fault and avoid huge economic losses. By studying the structure of water-hydrogen-hydrogen turbine generators, this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of early faults of every component, and provides reference for the operation and state maintenance of synchronous machines.
Improvements in miniaturized Hall Thrusters by use of high-temperature SmCo magnets and additive manufacturing techniques
Authors: Olano A , Ren J , Zhang G , Tang H , Zhang T , Li J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work presents the difficulties associated with the miniaturization of Hall Thruster engines and how state of the art materials and new manufacture techniques can potentially solve these problems. Hall Thrusters are electric propulsion systems that require specific magnetic field topography and uniform propellant distribution for optimal operation which is difficult to achieve with typical materials and by conventional manufacturing methods in miniaturized engines. To keep the optimal magnetic field distribution at small thruster sizes, it is shown that new alloys of SmCo permanent magnets can generate the desired magnetic field distribution and that their high-temperature resistance properties assure its operation temperature will be under the maximum operational temperature. In addition, whereas for the small dimensions required for the anode traditional manufacture methods only allow for simple designs, it is explained how the implementation of 3D-printing techniques can improve the uniformity in the azimuthal distribution of the propellant by allowing complex geometries in the design of the anode that are unattainable with traditional manufacturing.
Bolt layout optimization design based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Shen B , Pan Z W , Lin H , Li W Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When working, electronic equipment is often subjected to mechanical environments such as vibration and shock. The reliability problem of components after experiencing vibration environment is one of the key research contents in the development of electronic equipment. The printed circuit board on which the component is mounted is deformed during vibration, and the vibration is transmitted to the component, so that the component corner has a large acceleration, which is one of the important reasons for the failure of the electronic device. Based on the finite element simulation of the circuit board, the application of genetic algorithm in bolt layout optimization is realized by MATLAB programming. By optimizing the bolt layout, the acceleration value at the component corners is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the electronic equipment is improved.