bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the accuracy of using diagnostic codes from administrative data to infer antidepressant treatment indications: a validation study
Authors: Wong Jenna , Abrahamowicz Michal , Buckeridge David L. , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the accuracy of using diagnostic codes from administrative data to infer treatment indications for antidepressants prescribed in primary care.MethodsValidation study of administrative diagnostic codes for 13 plausible indications for antidepressants compared with physician‐documented treatment indications from an indication‐based electronic prescribing system in Quebec, Canada. The analysis included all antidepressant prescriptions written by primary care physicians between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2012 using the electronic prescribing system. Patient prescribed antidepressants were linked to physician claims and hospitalization data to obtain all diagnoses recorded in the past year.ResultsDiagnostic codes had poor sensitivity for all treatment indications, ranging from a high of only 31.2% (95% CI, 26.8%‐35.9%) for anxiety/stress disorders to as low as 1.3% (95% CI, 0.0%‐5.2%) for sexual dysfunction. Sensitivity was notably worse among older patients and patients with more chronic comorbidities. Physician claims data were a better source of diagnostic codes for antidepressant treatment indications than hospitalization data.ConclusionsAdministrative diagnostic codes are poor proxies for antidepressant treatment indications. Future work should determine whether the use of other variables in administrative data besides diagnostic codes can improve the ability to predict antidepressant treatment indications.
Polyurethane nanocomposite coatings: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: Kausar Ayesha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper offers a state‐of‐the‐art overview on vital aspects of polyurethane‐based nanocomposite coatings. Nano‐modified developments in polyurethane coatings have led to the current status and new opportunities for the formation of high performance coatings. Nanocarbon such as carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, graphene and its derivatives as well as inorganic nanoparticles have been employed as coating reinforcements. A brief description of various categories of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings is presented. Here, polyurethane/nanocarbon nanocomposites reveal multifunctional properties and high performance owing to the synergistic effect of polymer and nanofiller compared with neat polyurethane coatings and other nanocomposite coating materials. Incidentally, the type of nanoparticle, nanofiller content, polyurethane structure, processing technique and conditions may affect the final nanocomposite properties. The review also focuses on the worth of polyurethane nanocomposites in the coating sector. Consequently, the cutting edge application areas of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings such as corrosion protection, textiles, biomaterials and other technical fields are addressed. It is important to understand the challenges of weathering‐induced degradation in polyurethane nanocomposite coatings. The wide range of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings may be attained using versatility in the selection of monomeric materials. Moreover, modification of nanofillers and incorporation in appropriate polyurethane matrices can be adopted as a powerful tool to widen the applicability of nanocomposite coatings in advanced future applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effectiveness and safety of nasal mask versus binasal prongs for providing continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jasani Bonny , Ismail Abu , Rao Shripada , Patole Sanjay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered via binasal prongs has been the cornerstone of respiratory management in preterm infants. Though effective, the use of binasal prongs is associated with nasal trauma, and CPAP failure. To overcome these issues, nasal masks are increasingly used to deliver CPAP in preterm infants. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nasal mask versus binasal prongs to deliver CPAP in preterm infants. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing, and Allied Health Literature, and E‐abstracts from the Pediatric Academic Society meetings were searched in May 2017. All RCTs comparing nasal mask versus binasal prongs for delivering CPAP in preterm infants were included. Primary outcome was CPAP failure (need for mechanical ventilation within 72 h of initiating CPAP). Secondary outcomes included duration of CPAP, moderate to severe nasal trauma, any nasal trauma, pneumothorax, severe IVH, bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and mortality. Five RCTs with low risk of bias were included. Nasal mask significantly decreased the risk of CPAP failure (4 RCTs [N = 459]; relative risk [RR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45‐0.88; P=.007; I2 = 0%, NNT: 9), and the incidence of moderate to severe nasal trauma (3 RCTs [N = 275], RR: 0.41; 95%CI, 0.24‐0.72; P = 0.002; I2 = 74%, NNT: 6). Other outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups. Compared to binasal prongs, nasal mask may provide a safe and effective alternative by minimizing the risk of CPAP failure in preterm infants needing CPAP support.
Use of aggregation pheromone traps increases infestation of adult Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in soybean fields
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Kim Eunmok , Kim Dongmok , Bhuyain Mohammad MH , Lim Un Taek 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn aggregation pheromone trap has been used for both monitoring and mass‐capture of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) in soybean. As the trap's efficacy in reducing the pest population and crop damage is unknown, we evaluated it in small experimental soybean plots using both a before/after and with/without design, and also verified our findings in commercial soybean fields.RESULTSIn experimental plots, total numbers of R. pedestris on plants in the soybean plots were not affected by the trap installation until mid‐August. Interestingly, the abundance of adult bugs increased (4.9–9.4 times higher) in September and October. However, compared with the counted bug population in soybean plots, the trap catch rate was low during the autumn period. In commercial fields, trap installation also did not reduce bug population from the field. Placement of traps in plots increased pod and seed damage by 2.7 and 2.2 times, respectively compared with the controls in experimental plots, although no such effect was observed in commercial fields.CONCLUSIONAggregation pheromone traps did not reduce R. pedestris populations in the field or soybean damage, and even led to an increase in the bug population during autumn. Therefore, traps should not be used as a control measure. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential cationization of fatty acids with monovalent cations studied by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and a computational approach
Authors: Sudarshana Reddy B. , Pavankumar P. , Sridhar L. , Saha Soumen , Sastry G. Narahari , Prabhakar S. 
Published: April 2018

RationaleThe intercellular and intracellular transport of charged species (Na+/K+) entail interaction of the ions with neutral organic molecules and formation of adduct ions. The rate of transport of the ions across the cell membrane(s) may depend on the stability of the adduct ions, which in turn rely on structural aspects of the organic molecules that interact with the ions.MethodsPositive electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra were recorded for the solutions containing fatty acids (FAs) and monovalent cations (X = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+). Product ion spectra of the [FA + X]+ ions were recorded at different collision energies. Theoretical studies were exploited under both the gas and solvent phase to investigate the structural effects of the FAs during cationization. The stability of [FA + X]+ adduct ions was further estimated by means of AIM topological analyses and interaction energy (IE) values.ResultsPositive ion ESI‐MS analyses of the solution of FAs and X+ ions showed preferential binding of the K+ ions to FAs. The K+ ion binding increased with the increase in the number of double bonds in the FAs, while it decreased with the increase in the number of carbon atoms in FAs. Dissociation curves of [FA + X]+ ions indicated the relative stability order of the [FA + X]+ ions and it was in line with the observed trends in ESI‐MS. The solvent phase computational studies divulged the mode of binding and the binding efficiencies of different FAs with monovalent cations.ConclusionsAmong the studied monovalent cations, the cationization of FAs follows the order K+> > Na+ > Li+ > Rb+ > Cs+. Docosahexaenoic acid showed high efficiency in binding with the K+ ion. The K+ ion binding efficiency of FAs depends on the number of double bonds in unsaturated FAs and the carbon chain length in saturated FAs. The cationization trends of FAs obtained from the ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS analyses were in good agreement with solvent‐phase computational studies.
The evolution of vertical boundaries in new high technology ventures
Authors: Hashai Niron , Zander Ivo 
Published: April 2018

Research SummaryWe argue that interrelated processes of knowledge codification and uncertainty reduction lead to the contraction of vertical firm boundaries of new high technology ventures over time. Consistent with our arguments, we show that, over time, outsourcing of R&D is slower than outsourcing of manufacturing, while outsourcing of marketing and sales is the fastest. Further, we show heterogeneity in the pace of vertical boundary contraction, where new high technology ventures that engage in knowledge exploration and those whose founders have strong technological backgrounds exhibit slower vertical boundary contraction. Typically, the slowdown in the pace of outsourcing, once again, is the strongest for R&D and the weakest for marketing and sales.Managerial SummaryCash‐constrained managers in new high technology ventures often wish to outsource their R&D, manufacturing, and marketing and sales activities, but initially may be limited in doing so. This likely happens because these new ventures rely heavily on founders' tacit knowledge about new products and how to commercialize them and because uncertainty makes it difficult to reach contractual agreements with external partners. We show that with time, such outsourcing becomes increasingly possible, especially for marketing and sales activities but less so for R&D. Yet, when new high technology ventures experiment with new products and in new high technology ventures whose founders have technological backgrounds, the pace of outsourcing is slower.
Pd/Halloysite as a Novel, Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of p‐Phenylenevinylene Oligomers
Authors: Molano William A. , Cárdenas Juan C. , Sierra Cesar A. , Carriazo Jose G. , Ochoa‐Puentes Cristian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe potential applications of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives and its oligomers in organic electronics have attracted great interest in recent years. In this study, a novel palladium supported on halloysite heterogeneous catalyst (Pd/HNTs) was prepared, characterized and its catalytic activity for obtaining p‐phenylenevinylene oligomers was investigated in the Heck coupling of styrene and 2,5‐diiodo‐1,4‐dimethoxybenzene using conventional and environmentally benign solvents. Thus, in the presence of 0.75 mol% catalyst, the product was obtained in 76% yield using ethanol as solvent. To evaluate the versatility of the Pd/HNTs catalyst, the synthesis of a series of p‐phenylenevinylene oligomers and divinylbenzene derivatives was performed obtaining yields between 58 and 93%. In addition, the catalyst could be recovered and reused for four reaction cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Finally, the photophysical characterization of the synthesized molecules was performed.
Second‐Ring Diels‐Alder Adducts of Substituted Pentacenes
Authors: Jia Zhiying , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Song Zhiyi , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSubstituted pentacene derivatives, 1,4,6,13‐tetrabutyl‐2,3‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)pentacene 1 and 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,13‐decapropylpentacene 2, occurred Diels‐Alder reaction with most dienophiles at the central‐ring. The second ring adduct was obtained only in the case of TCNE or chloranil probably due to the steric hindrance of such dienophiles. On the other hand, reaction of substituted dihydropentacene derivatives with dienophiles was followed by aromatization gave second‐ring adducts in perfect selectivity.
Facile Post‐Synthesis of a Ce3+‐Doped CaxSr1‐xSc2O4 Phosphor by Means of Cation Exchange
Authors: Wang Shuxian , Ma Shuwei , Liu Shuxin , Ye Zhengmao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIon exchange is a useful method to synthesize the materials by the ion replacement from the template crystal structure. Here, by means of the cation exchange technique, we demonstrate a facile post‐synthesis CaxSr1‐xSc2O4:Ce3+ from SrSc2O4:Ce3+. In this exchange process, the framework of ScO6 octahedra is remaining, and Sr2+ ions are substituted by the Ca2+ ions from the CaCl2 melt. After optimizing the relevant parameters (the reaction mole ratio, temperature, and time), the largest exchange ratio could reach ∼97%. In addition, Ce3+ ions are almost not escaped through the exchange process, and the luminescent performance of final exchanged phosphors is comparable to the products from traditional bottom‐up approaches. Hence, the demonstration in this work manifests the excellent simplification and controllability of ion exchange in adjusting the luminescent property of phosphors and gives some significant inspirations for the design and preparation of lanthanide‐activated materials.
Thermo‐Responsive Structure and Surface Activity of Kinetically Stabilized Micelle Composed of Fluorinated Alternating Peptides in Organic Solvent
Authors: Ihsan Abu Bin , Koyama Yasuhito , Taira Toshiaki , Imura Tomohiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree‐component polycondensation with an aldehyde, perfluoroalkylammonium triflate, and potassium isocyanoacetate produced amphiphilic fluorinated alternating peptides. The polymers work as a surfactant, which form associates in organic solvent. The thermo‐dependent structures and surface activity of the associates in organic solvents were evaluated by the results of UV‐vis and diffusion‐ordered NMR spectral measurements at various concentrations and temperatures. It also turned out that the regularly aligned bulky substituents in the main chain stabilize the micelles kinetically formed in organic solvent.
N‐doped Mesoporous Carbon/Graphene Aerogels as Sulfur Hosts for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Zhengzheng , Tan Yingbin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe lithium‐sulfur battery is considered as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation secondary lithium battery due to its achievable high energy density. Despite its great potentiality, overcoming the significant capacity decay over cycling is the main challenge for its practical applications. Here, we report a facile and cost‐effective strategy to construct the Li−S battery with high energy density and long cycle life using the N‐doped mesoporous carbon/graphene aerogel (NMC/GA) as the sulfur host (S@NMC/GA). The NMC/GA composite with interconnected mesoporous and microporous structures not only facilitates transportation of electron and ion but also prevents polysulfide shuttling. Therefore, the S@NMC/GA electrode delivers a high reversible discharge capacity of 674 mAh⋅g−1 at 0.5 C over 300 cycles.
CuI/AgI‐Promoted Decarboxylative Alkynylation of ortho‐Nitro Benzoic Acids
Authors: Hossian Asik , Manna Kartic , Das Pritha , Jana Ranjan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report herein, a novel copper‐silver‐promoted alkynylation of ortho‐nitrobenzoic acids with arylacetylenic acids through a double decarboxylation. The present cross‐coupling is extremely challanging due to sluggish decarboxylation of arene carboxylates and deleterious oxidative Glaser‐Hay type homocoupling of terminal alkynes. Mechanistically, this sp2‐sp cross‐coupling may proceed through a silver‐assisted decarboxylation of 2‐nitrobenzoic acids followed by transmetalation with copper‐acetylide and reductive elimination. The ortho‐nitroacetylenic product is an important precursor for the synthesis of functionalized indoles.
Transformational adaptation of agricultural systems to climate change
Authors: Panda Architesh 
Published: April 2018

This study explores the increasing use of the concept of “transformational adaptation” (TA) in the context of agriculture, analyzing its conceptualization and applications. While TA is appealing as a concept that involves the implementation of adaptation actions in different ways through small adjustments from current technological and economic approaches, it also raises questions about the complexity of transforming agricultural systems. Although current scientific evidence finds some patterns of climate change impacts on agriculture in the future that can inform the analysis of where and when transformation is required, this evidence is not enough to fully inform practical decision‐making at different scales. Part of the problem may be that there has been not enough empirical research focusing on transformational agriculture. For example, from 93 articles in the literature, 39% focus on understanding the concept of TA, 32% focus on analytical and applied aspects of TA, including studies applying global climate models to analyze TA at regional and global scales and to identify broad patterns of TA in agriculture, and only 16% have tried to understand TA from an empirical perspective. While the number of empirical studies of TA is still increasing, there are other issues of TA that have received limited attention, including uncertainty of climate change impacts, policy implications, the transition process, the role of technological innovations, and barriers to TA.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
The Transformation of Higher Education in Turkmenistan: Continuity and Change
Authors: Clement Victoria , Kataeva Zumrad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOver the past century Turkmenistan developed a modern system of higher education that grew from a single university under Moscow’s direction to 24 institutions today. Under Presidents Niyazow and Berdimuhamedow, educational infrastructure developed dramatically. Despite this growth, the system of higher education suffers from a lack of faculty—universities meet the needs of less than ten percent of high school graduates. Additionally, curricula continue to reflect a strong and pervasive state ideology. Overall, the state—the only purveyor of higher education in Turkmenistan—is not meeting societal needs. This article explores the history of education policy in post-Soviet Turkmenistan, focusing on the reforms initiated by that country’s first two presidents.
Common Legacy: Evolution of the Institutional Landscape of Soviet Higher Education
Authors: Froumin Isak , Kouzminov Yaroslav 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe chapter describes the peculiarities of higher education policy and higher education landscape in the USSR republics during last decades of Soviet era. The authors provide an overview on the rationale for Soviet educational policy concerning higher education. Then the chapter proceeds with a structural description of the Soviet higher education system and its institutional diversity. The authors present a sustained account of factors that played a crucial role in the formation of Soviet higher educational institutions and the higher education landscape. The authors finally attempt to present the variations of the institutional landscape across Soviet republics.
Armenia: Transformational Peculiarities of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Higher Education System
Authors: Karakhanyan Susanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe chapter explores the nature of higher education in post-Soviet Armenia given the factors prevailing in the system—historical, political, socio-economic and international. Of particular interest is the exploration of the higher education system structure reflected by social needs, economic demands and political goals. Supported by a holistic theoretical framework underpinning three angles of analysis—horizontal and vertical diversity, external diversity as well as the organisational interrelationships—the analysis endeavours to reveal the driving forces that shaped post-Soviet Armenian higher education, the inter-influence that occurred as a result of changes taking place at the macro and micro levels of the higher education system as well as the impact of those changes on the performance of the Armenian HE in general. The results of the analysis are two-fold. First, throughout the decades the Armenian higher education has made major strides and evolved from a uniform into a diverse system responding and accommodating the diverse needs of the society. Second, albeit the strong desire and much investment in the system through a diversity of channels to make the system internationally visible, still more investments are to be made to achieve the desirable goal of international visibility while facing the challenges related to the Soviet legacy, current policymaking and implementation methodology, in particular.
Belarus: Higher Education Dynamics and Institutional Landscape
Authors: Gille-Belova Olga , Titarenko Larissa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe higher education (HE) system in Belarus has undergone important changes since the beginning of the 1990s under the pressure of the different internal and external factors (demographic, political, socio-economic changes, international cooperation, etc.). The horizontal system differentiation increased with the creation of the new private and public higher education institutions (HEIs) and changes in the functioning of the former Soviet HEIs. Belarusian HE experienced an important and fast massification and many of HEIs used it as opportunity to step out from the narrow specialisation imposed during the Soviet period. Nevertheless, HEIs diversified their curricula principally in response to social demand that was not closely connected to existing transforming economy’s needs. The vertical system differentiation inherited from the Soviet period was slightly changed and strengthened especially at the beginning of 2010 as a result of government policies and of the introduction of national, regional and international rankings. As a result, the leading state HEIs at the beginning of 1990 reinforced their position and the new private or recently created public HEIs play a marginal role in the national HE system. The organisational interrelationship between HEIs has also changed from the logic of complementarity under the Soviet period to the logic of the competition for the students and for the resources. As the Belarusian HE system has attended the limits of its expansion at the end of 2000, in the nearest future the tendency of its reduction will reinforce and the decreasing number of national students will inevitably impact the number of the HEIs and increase the competition between remaining HEIs. This chapter analyses the system of HE inherited from the Soviet period and explores the main factors influencing the transformations in the Belarusian HE landscape during more than 20 years. It also presents the typology of existing Belarusian HEIs and draws some prospects for further evolution of the national higher education system.