bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical analysis of punching shear of column footings according to fib MC 2010
Authors: BONIĆ Zoran , ROMIĆ Nikola , DAVIDOVIĆ Nebojša , PROLOVIĆ Verka , ZLATANOVIĆ Elefterija 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPunching shear calculation procedures for column footings in the existing Standards are generally recommended on the basis of experiments performed on reinforced concrete slabs. Experimental researches of footings have hitherto rarely been conducted and they are mainly performed in laboratory conditions, in which soil is simulated in various ways. This study aims to analyse the punching shear of column footings in more realistic conditions both in terms of foundations and in terms of soil. For this purpose, investigations were carried out in situ with an experimental frame buried in a subgrade soil of the predesigned and controlled characteristics. In order to quantify the level of safety in the actual Standards, the results obtained according to fib MC 2010 are compared with the test results of the series of footings. In addition to the performed test results, the analysis results of other investigators regarding the punching shear of footings resting on the real soil are also presented.
The applications of geosynthetics and steel wire products in major Albanian roads
Authors: LOLI Elvis , HUTA Saimir , VICARI Marco , TUBERTINI Daniele 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of projects carried out in Albania for the construction of new highways, where the use of steel products and geosynthetic materials has been successfully applied. It gives full details on the design criteria adopted for the use of reinforcements with different mechanical properties for the construction of two important road infrastructures: the Albania Motorway Project, from Rreshen to Kalimash across difficult mountainous terrain, where 30 walls were constructed by combining double twist steel wire mesh gabion facia with its tail extended as secondary reinforcement and high strength polyester geogrids as primary soil reinforcement, with a Hmax=37 m, and the Tirana‐Elbasan Highway, which provides Albania with access to Pan European Corridor VIII – in this project the combination of steel wire mesh and geogrid reinforcements is used for the construction of several walls with a maximum height of 28 m. In both projects, rockfall protection measures were incorporated on the slopes either to protect the new motorway or other existing infrastructures.
Design of pile foundations by taking into account piling technology
Authors: STACHO Jakub 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article deals with design of pile foundations by taking into account piling technology, which has significant impact onto pile's resistance and settlement. The analysis is focused especially to design of a continuous flight auger pile and a drilled displacement pile. The results of fully instrumented static load tests were analysed and compared with the results of different computational methods. The numerical modelling using FEM, the Cavity Expansion Theory and the Limit Load Curve Method allowed modelling of load – settlement curve of the pile. The numerical modelling using “indirect” modelling of the technology impact led to very accurate determination of the load – settlement curve. Software based on the Cavity Expansion Theory allowed determining the load – settlement curve of total piles resistance as well as piles base resistance. The load – settlement curve calculated using this method was equal to the results of a static load test with more than 90 % degree of accuracy.
Risk management during construction of a new road tunnel crossing under a 150 year old railway tunnel
Authors: DAUWE Ludger , FRÖHLICH Bernhard , WEIDINGER Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn Schaffhausen, Switzerland, a new road tunnel (Galgenbuck tunnel) has been built crossing under a 150 year old railway tunnel of the German railways. The distance between the roof of the road tunnel and the floor of the railway tunnel is only 6 m. The intense rail traffic was not to be disturbed and the railway tunnel should not suffer any damage. Both tunnels lie in jurassic limestone rock with karst. To deal with the risk of cavities, clay pockets or other karst phenomena, that are difficult to locate in advance, the road tunnel design was done very carefully. Different measurements were taken to control risks: measurement of all blast shocks, geodetic monitoring of the tracks, geotechnical measurements like distometers, horizontal inclinometers, extensometers. Risk management procedures were implemented, and – following them ‐ the tunnel has been built without interrupting the rail traffic. Good cooperation between the client, the railway company, the tunnel specialists and the people on the site was essential.
Modern risk management applied to a large infrastructure site
Authors: DEPORTA Christoph , WONDRE Joachim , ZÖHRER Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring the execution phase one of the most important parts of risk management is to check if the executed work conforms to the design. Especially for large projects this may take a significant amount of time and effort – and thus costs. This paper presents a solution which was applied to monitor the special foundation works at the section St. Kanzian of the new “Koralm” railway line in Austria. At this site two shallow tunnels are to be constructed. Deep bored piles walls are placed and Jet grouting is used to construct the tunnel crown or a strutting and sealing slab. The complex layout and the large number of elements forced the executing company to develop a new semi‐automated quality control system. The core element of the system was a local SQL data base where all data from the production was collected. Various reports and protocols were generated automatically and even a 3‐dim as‐built model showing deviations between design and execution was derived according to the principles of a building information modelling (BIM) system.
Brownfields utilization and assessment of foundation construction
Authors: KOŠŤÁL Jiri , ČERNOCH Petr 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCurrently, brownfields are frequently used for the construction of industrial units. The designed hall has very strict limits determined for the deformation of the foundation slab. Since heterogeneous unconsolidated landfill is found in the area, implementation of the foundation slab using classic technologies will be very complicated. We have done controlling engineering – a geological investigation, including sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. The analyses in particular have validated the possibility of landfill compaction. We have determined four variants (eventualities) of a feasible hall slab foundation. Individual eventualities have been reviewed by numerical modelling using the finite element method. We have discussed the possibilities of landfill adjustment, deep hall foundations with or without a soil plate. Each of the designed variants has its positive and negative aspects and was thoroughly considered. The most advantageous solution has become deep foundations using vibrate steel piles with gravel filling and a soil plate on the partially extracted landfill.
Geotechnical risks of foundation of warehouses built on brownfields
Authors: ČERNOCH Petr , KOŠŤÁL Jiří 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe warehouse halls were founded on backfill sediment, which were 4 to 6 meters thick. Beneath them were the loess and saturated Cretaceous sands. During heavy rains, there were two large landslides that hit the local road. It was therefore necessary to carry out a rapid design of remedial steps (stabilization) without the time to carry out drilling exploration survey. During fieldwork (mapping, geodetic measuring of landslides and sampling of soil) it was found that most of the warehouse halls did not have solved the drainage of rainwater from roofs and roads and there occurred long cracks in the floors of the halls. Laboratory soil tests served as inputs for stability calculations. Reverse analysis (landslide condition) derived residual geotechnical parameters of the soil. The proposal for redevelopment consisted of changing the slope geometry, building a loading bench and brand new drainage of surface water along the slope (it was missing on the top). It was also recommended to replace the subsoil – saturated loess – under the floors of the warehouse halls.
Soil stabilization with modern hydraulic binders. Variations of geotechnical parameters
Authors: NAGY A.‐C. , CÎRCU A.P. , ILIEŞ N.M. , MOLDOVAN D.V. , GHERMAN C.M. , PÉTER A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe primary objective in soil stabilization is improving on‐site materials to create a solid and strong sub‐base and base courses for further construction activities. Classic stabilization methods for road structures imply soil mixing with cement or lime, depending on the soil types found on‐site. Although widely used, these stabilization methods fail to provide hydrophobic properties for the stabilized layer, thus being vulnerable to road failure from water penetration or heavy frosts by inhibiting the ingress of water into the treated layer. Dorosol© is a hydraulic binder which combines cement and lime in order to improve and consolidate cohesive soils for embankments and subgrade stabilization, providing a superior protection against water penetration. This paper presents the improvement of physical and mechanical parameters of a silty clay from Cluj‐Napoca, by using two types of Dorosol©, C30 and C50 suited for treating heavy plastic clayey soils. Percentages of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 were used for creating stabilized soil samples for both types of binder.
Creep behaviour of a layered soft rock around the tunnel opening
Authors: ŽIVALJEVIĆ Slobodan , TOMANOVIĆ Zvonko , MILADINOVIĆ Borko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBedding, being a typical feature of sedimentary rocks, is a cause of inherent anisotropy of deformation properties of rock mass. Deformation response, both short‐term and time‐dependent, of certain rock elements near the tunnel opening will depend on the loading/unloading orientation angle to the natural bedding plane. This paper presents results of the triaxial creep tests performed on two cylindrical specimens of marl cut perpendicular and parallel to the natural bedding plane. Equipment and test procedure are also specified.
Insulin Hexamer‐Caged Gadolinium Ion as MRI Contrast‐o‐phore
Authors: Taylor Steven K. , Tran Timothy H. , Liu Michael Z. , Harris Paul E. , Sun Yanping , Jambawalikar Sachin R. , Tong Liang , Stojanovic Milan N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh‐relaxivity protein‐complexes of GdIII are being pursued as MRI contrast agents in hope that they can be used at much lower doses that would minimize toxic‐side effects of GdIII release from traditional contrast agents. We construct here a new type of protein‐based MRI contrast agent, a proteinaceous cage based on a stable insulin hexamer in which GdIII is captured inside a water filled cavity. The macromolecular structure and the large number of “free” GdIII coordination sites available for water binding lead to exceptionally high relaxivities per one GdIII ion. The GdIII slowly diffuses out of this cage, but this diffusion can be prevented by addition of ligands that bind to the hexamer. The ligands that trigger structural changes in the hexamer, SCN−, Cl− and phenols, modulate relaxivities through an outside‐in signaling that is allosterically transduced through the protein cage. Contrast‐o‐phores based on protein‐caged metal ions have potential to become clinical contrast agents with environmentally‐sensitive properties.
Improvement of the Photophysical Performance of Platinum‐Cyclometalated Complexes in Halogen‐Bonded Adducts
Authors: Sivchik Vasily , Sarker Rajib Kumar , Liu Zong‐Ying , Chung Kun‐You , Grachova Elena V. , Karttunen Antti J. , Chou Pi‐Tai , Koshevoy Igor O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree groups of luminescent platinum complexes [Pt(C^N)(L)(Y)] [C^N=benzothienyl‐pyridine (1), bezofuryl‐pyridine (2), phenyl‐pyridine (3); L/Y=DMSO/Cl (a), PPh3/Cl (b), PPh3/CN (c)] have been probed as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors towards iodofluorobenzenes (IC6F5and I2C6F4). Compounds1 aand2 a(L/Y=DMSO/Cl) afford the adducts1 a⋅⋅⋅I2C6F4and2 a⋅⋅⋅I2C6F4, which feature I⋅⋅⋅Sbtpy/I⋅⋅⋅πbtpyand I⋅⋅⋅ODMSO/I⋅⋅⋅Cl short contacts, respectively. The phosphane‐cyanide derivatives1 cand2 c(L/Y=PPh3/CN) co‐crystallise with both IC6F5and I2C6F4. None of the phpy‐based species3 a–3 cparticipated in XB interactions. Although the native complexes are rather poor luminophores in the solid state (Φem=0.023–0.089), the adducts exhibit an up to 10‐fold increase of the intensity with a minor alteration of the emission energy. The observed gain in the quantum efficiency is mainly attributed to the joint influence of non‐covalent interactions (halogen/hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking), which govern the crystal‐packing mode and diminish the radiationless pathways for the T1→S0transition by providing a rigid environment around the chromophore.
β‐Cyclodextrin Covalent Organic Framework for Selective Molecular Adsorption
Authors: Wang Ren‐Qi , Wei Xue‐Bing , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COF) are complex functional systems constructed with atomic precision by linking well‐defined building blocks through robust covalent bonds. β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is a most employed supramolecule which bears a hydrophobic cavity guiding molecular specific recognitions. Building COF with asymmetric β‐CD linkers is challenging and has never been reported. Here, β‐CD COF is grown with heptakis(6‐amino‐6‐deoxy)‐β‐CD and terephthalaldehyde in green solvents of water and ethanol at room temperature. The COF is characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, which matches well with the simulated crystal structure. Weaving β‐CD into a framework through reticular chemistry allows the integration of a large amount of β‐CD units (50 mol %), much higher than β‐CD polymers. The β‐CD COF has larger surface area, more uniform pore size, and higher thermal stability than the non‐crystalline β‐CD polymer produced by the same reagents. Finally, the β‐CD COF holds abundant specific interaction sites enabling selective molecular adsorption.
C2‐symmetric sulfonamides as homogeneous and heterogeneous organocatalysts that mimic enzymes in enantioselective Michael additions
Authors: Cruz Harold , Servín Felipe A. , Madrigal Domingo , Chávez Daniel , Perez‐Sicairos Sergio , Aguirre Gerardo , Cooksy Andrew L. , Somanathan Ratnasamy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of C2‐symmetric sulfonamides as homogeneous and heterogeneous organocatalysts and their application in the enantioselective conjugate 1,4‐Michael addition of carbonylic nucleophiles to β‐nitrostyrene. Organocatalysts hydrogen bond to β‐nitrostyrene and enamine in the transition state, mimicking an enzyme leading to final products in high yields (up to 98%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 96%). In addition, these results were supported by density functional calculations.
Internal Redox Polarity of an Individual G. sulfurreducens Bacterial Cell Attached to an Inorganic Substrate
Authors: Lebedev Nikolai , Yates Matthew D. , Griva Igor , Tender Leonard M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBacterial cell polarity is an internal asymmetric distribution of subcellular components, including proteins, lipids, and other molecules that correlates with the cell ability to sense energy and metabolite sources, chemical signals, quorum signals, toxins, and movement in the desired directions. This ability also plays central role in cell attachment to various surfaces and biofilm formation. Mechanisms and factors controlling formation of this cell internal asymmetry are not completely understood. As a step in this direction, in the present work, we develop an approach for analyzing how information about inorganic substrate can be non‐genetically coded inside an individual bacterial cell. As a model system, we use G. sulfurreducens cells attached to an inorganic mineral, mica. The approach utilizes confocal Raman microscopy, Gaussian deconvolution, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and allows for quick label‐free identification of the molecular signature of cytochrome intracellular location and the cell to substrate binding down to the level of individual bacterial cells. Our results describe a spectroscopic signature of cell adhesion and how the information about cell adhesion can be coded inside individual bacterial cells.
Excited State Interaction of Ruthenium (II) Imidazole Phenanthroline Complex [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with 1,4‐Benzoquinone: Simple Electron Transfer or Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer?
Authors: Khade Rahul V. , Dutta Choudhury Sharmistha , Pal Haridas , Kumbhar Avinash S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe unidirectional proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the excited state of Ru(II) imidazole phenanthroline complex [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ to 1,4‐benzoquinone, was studied by steady‐state (SS) and time‐resolved (TR) fluorescence and transient absorption (TA) measurements. The pKa (9.7) and pKa* (8.6) values of the complex suggest that it behaves as a photoacid on excitation. The difference in the quenching rates obtained from SS and TR fluorescence studies indicate participation of both dynamic quenching and static quenching involving the hydrogen bonded ipH ligand of [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with the 1,4‐benzoquinone quencher, formed in the ground state. Within the hydrogen bonded complex, the ruthenium centre acts as the electron donor, while the ipH ligand acts as the proton donor to the hydrogen bonded 1,4‐benzoquinone that acts simultaneously both as the electron and proton acceptor. It is proposed that the static quenching in the hydrogen bonded [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+‐1,4‐benzoquinone pairs occurs involving the PCET mechanism, while the dynamic quenching occurs through the simple ET mechanism, on diffusional encounter of the isolated 1,4‐benzoquinone with the excited [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ complex. The occurrence of broad TA bands around 420–430 nm suggests formation of both 1,4‐benzoquinone radical anion as well as the 1,4‐benzosemiquinone radical by the interaction of excited [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with 1,4‐benzoquinone, thus supporting the ET process in the studied system.
Does experiential avoidance explain the relationships between shame, PTSD symptoms, and compulsive sexual behaviour among women in substance use treatment?
Authors: Brem Meagan J. , Shorey Ryan C. , Anderson Scott , Stuart Gregory L. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveUntreated compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) poses a risk to efficacious substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Yet the ways in which CSB manifests in women with SUDs remains poorly understood. Shame and trauma exposure are well‐documented correlates for women's CSB. Prior theory suggested women with shame and trauma‐related symptoms may engage in CSB in an effort to escape aversive internal experiences. Thus, the present study examined experiential avoidance as a mediator of the relationship between defectiveness/shame beliefs, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and CSB in a sample of women with SUDs.MethodCross‐sectional, self‐report data were collected from 446 women (M age = 37.40) in residential treatment for SUDs.ResultsExperiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between both post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and defectiveness/shame beliefs and CSB.ConclusionsThese results extend theoretical conceptualizations of women's CSB to a treatment population. CSB intervention efforts may benefit from targeting women's avoidance of painful experiences.
Liquid‐Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates
Authors: Telmesani Reem , White Jada A. H. , Beeler Aaron B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract[2+2] photocycloaddition of cinnamates, using a previously described cone reactor and a bis‐thiourea catalyst, is greatly accelerated by employing liquid–liquid slug flow. In most cases, a four‐fold acceleration in reaction time was observed with equivalent or superior yields. This approach has enabled significant improvement in the reaction throughput and expansion of the substrate scope to include challenging substrates. It has also enabled, to our knowledge, the first reported direct photodimerization in solution of electron‐rich cinnamamide substrates.
Genomic signatures of population bottleneck and recovery in Northwest Atlantic pinnipeds
Authors: Cammen Kristina M. , Schultz Thomas F. , Don Bowen W. , Hammill Michael O. , Puryear Wendy B. , Runstadler Jonathan , Wenzel Frederick W. , Wood Stephanie A. , Kinnison Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPopulation increases over the past several decades provide natural settings in which to study the evolutionary processes that occur during bottleneck, growth, and spatial expansion. We used parallel natural experiments of historical decline and subsequent recovery in two sympatric pinniped species in the Northwest Atlantic, the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina), to study the impact of recent demographic change in genomic diversity. Using restriction site‐associatedDNAsequencing, we assessed genomic diversity at over 8,700 polymorphic gray seal loci and 3,700 polymorphic harbor seal loci in samples from multiple cohorts collected throughout recovery over the past half‐century. Despite significant differences in the degree of genetic diversity assessed in the two species, we found signatures of historical bottlenecks in the contemporary genomes of both gray and harbor seals. We evaluated temporal trends in diversity across cohorts, as well as compared samples from sites at both the center and edge of a recent gray seal range expansion, but found no significant change in genomewide diversity following recovery. We did, however, find that the variance and degree of allele frequency change measured over the past several decades were significantly different from neutral expectations of drift under population growth. These two cases of well‐described demographic history provide opportunities for critical evaluation of current approaches to simulating and understanding the genetic effects of historical demographic change in natural populations.
SDS‐PAGE fractionation to increase metaproteomic insight into the taxonomic and functional composition of microbial communities for biogas plant samples
Authors: Wenzel Lisa , Heyer Robert , Schallert Kay , Löser Lucy , Wünschiers Röbbe , Reichl Udo , Benndorf Dirk 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetaproteomics represent an important tool for the taxonomic and functional investigation of microbial communities in humans, environment, and technical applications. Due to the high complexity of the microbial communities, protein, and peptide fractionation is applied to improve the characterization of taxonomic and functional composition of microbial communities. In order to target scientific questions regarding taxonomic and functional composition adequately, a tradeoff between the number of fractions analyzed and the required depth of information has to be found. Two samples of a biogas plant were analyzed by either single LC‐MS/MS measurement (1D) or LC‐MS/MS measurements of fractions obtained after SDS‐PAGE (2D) separation. Fractionation with SDS‐PAGE increased the number of identified spectra by 273%, the number of peptides by 95%, and the number of metaproteins by 59%. Rarefaction plots of species and metaproteins against identified spectra showed that 2D separation was sufficient to identify most microbial families but not all metaproteins. More reliable quantitative comparison could be achieved with 2D. 1D separation enabled high‐throughput analysis of samples, however, depth in functional descriptions and reliability of quantification were lost. Nevertheless, the proteotyping of multiple samples was still possible. 2D separations provided more reliable quantitative data combined with a deeper insight into the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbial communities. Regarding taxonomic and functional composition, metaproteomics based on 2D is just the tip of an iceberg.