bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does physical activity strengthen lungs and protect against asthma in childhood? A systematic review
Authors: Cassim Raisa , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Koplin Jennifer Julia , Milanzi Elasma , Paro Flavia Marini , Russell Melissa A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for asthma and driver of lung function development. This systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence concerning the longitudinal effect of physical activity on the development of asthma, the persistence of asthma symptoms and lung function outcomes in children and adolescents.MethodsPubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched for all original articles that investigated the longitudinal association between physical activity and asthma outcomes or lung function outcomes in children and adolescents. The search and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using two critical assessment tools.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 2298 publications from the electronic databases. All articles were screened, and 2289 were subsequently excluded, resulting in nine longitudinal studies eligible for inclusion in this review. Two studies found no association with incident wheeze, and two of four found no association with various asthma outcomes. Three studies investigated the effect on lung function: one observed an association in boys only, one observed an association in girls only, and one found no associations.ConclusionThe evidence was highly inconsistent for the relationship between physical activity and asthma and lung function outcomes. Hence, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that physical activity has a long‐term effect on the risk of asthma development in youth. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence to determine the longitudinal effects of physical activity on lung function in children.
The impact of personalized reminders in addition to an automated patient reminder system on pediatric dermatology no‐show rates: A pilot study
Authors: Snodgrass Alexandra , Schoch Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated the impact of a personalized telephone call reminder for patients that had not confirmed their clinic appointment, in addition to automated reminders, on monthly no‐show rates. Our data revealed a reduction in the monthly no‐show rate from 16.0% (SD = 3.91%) before the intervention to 13.1% (SD = 0.27%, P = 0.0997) after the intervention, which was not statistically significant. The standard deviation of the no‐show rate with the intervention was reduced, leading to a predictable monthly no‐show rate (range 12.93%‐13.51%). Thus, the number of patients attending clinic was more predictable. This study highlights the need for additional investigation of factors associated with appointment nonadherence in pediatric dermatology.
Thyroglossal duct cyst: Factors affecting cosmetic outcome and recurrence
Authors: Batazzi Andrea , Leng Stella , Ghionzoli Marco , Lo Piccolo Roberto , Martin Alessandra , Facchini Flavio , Messineo Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is the most common congenital abnormality in the neck in children. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of all cases of TDC surgically treated at a single institution and to evaluate the factors that influence the rate of recurrence, and the aesthetic outcome of the surgery on follow up.MethodsAll cases of TDC surgically treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Meyer Hospital from January 2005 to December 2016 were selected. Charts from 248 patients were reviewed and risk factors for recurrence evaluated. A questionnaire was submitted to the patients’ parents to determine if postoperative complications were present and standardized neck pictures were requested, to evaluate the cosmetic result . Microsoft Office Excel 2007 for Windows and Graphpad Prism 6 were used for data management and statistical analysis.ResultsSimple cyst excision and post‐inflammatory fibrosis (P < 0.05) were assessed as important risk factors for the recurrence of TDC. Recurrence rate on Sistrunk procedure was 5%. Variables such as post‐inflammatory fibrosis before surgery (P < 0.001), the positioning of a drain (P < 0.01) and the development of recurrence (P < 0.001), negatively influenced the cosmetic result. No thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma and no long‐term postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionsRecurrence rates were higher in patients who underwent simple cyst excision instead of the Sistrunk procedure, as already reported in literature. Presence of post‐inflammatory fibrosis and positioning of the drain at surgery were associated with higher rates of recurrence, as well as worse cosmetic outcome.
Corticotrophin‐releasing hormone stimulation tests in late‐onset circulatory collapse
Authors: Ueda Hiroko , Kakita Hiroki , Ichimura Shintaro , Mori Mari , Takeshita Satoru , Goto Tatenobu , Kondo Tomoko , Yamada Yasumasa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLate‐onset circulatory collapse (LCC) is the transient development of refractory hypotension and oliguria after the early neonatal period, which may cause periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the endogenous cortisol response to corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and determine whether it is effective for elucidating the pathology and selecting treatment in LCC.MethodsThis retrospective study examined infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Included were preterm (gestational age <34 weeks) infants who underwent CRH stimulation test and were treated for LCC with no obvious cause. Hydrocortisone (HC; 3.3–10 mg/kg) was given by bolus injection to the LCC infants. At 2 h after treatment, infants without a 20% rise in blood pressure (systolic or mean) from before treatment were defined as non‐responsive to HC, and given catecholamine and/or vasopressin.ResultsSixteen infants (median gestational age, 24 weeks 3 days; birthweight, 638 g) were eligible. Six of the infants had a good response to the CRH stimulation test. HC was effective in only three CRH good‐response cases, and catecholamine and/or vasopressin was needed in the three other cases. HC was effective, however, for all CRH non‐response cases.ConclusionsAlthough HC is the first‐choice treatment for LCC, the CRH stimulation test facilitates prompt treatment of LCC, which may prevent PVL. The present findings help elucidate the pathology and aid in the selection of treatment for infants with LCC.
Heat and drought determine flower female allocation in a hermaphroditic Mediterranean plant family
Authors: Teixido A. L. , Valladares F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In animal‐pollinated hermaphroditic species, larger and xenogamous flowers increase male‐biased resource allocation, whereas smaller and selfing flowers invest disproportionally more resources to female function. In Cistaceae, an entomophilous and hermaphroditic Mediterranean family, this pattern generally follows a phylogenetic signal. However, resource allocation to carpels is independent of phylogeny, which suggests trait divergences among closely related species during the diversification into different environmental conditions.

We tested this hypothesis across 37 species of Cistaceae along a temperature and precipitation gradient, including semiarid, dry, subhumid and humid sites. We quantified the proportions of dry mass and nutrient investment to carpels and tested the influence of the climatic gradient and site‐specific precipitation on the interspecific variation in carpel resource allocation.

Lowest and highest percentages of resource allocation to carpels ranged from 1.5–4.2% to 24.2–36.6%, respectively. The proportion of resources comprised in carpels significantly decreased with increasing precipitation/decreasing temperature. Thus, carpels comprised proportionally more resources under drier and hotter conditions, especially in semiarid sites.

Our results demonstrate how the extent of climatic constraints is more important than phylogenetic relationships in determining stress‐induced differences in carpel resource allocation across species of Cistaceae in a Mediterranean environment. We suggest that allocation of proportionally more resources to carpels in drier and hotter sites lies within a strategy to deal with the most stressful conditions by means of a high reproductive effort.
Analysing a Quality-of-Life Survey by Using a Coclustering Model for Ordinal Data and Some Dynamic Implications
Authors: Selosse Margot , Jacques Julien , Biernacki Christophe , Cousson-Gélie Florence 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe data set that motivated this work is a psychological survey on women affected by a breast tumour. Patients replied at different stages of their treatment to questionnaires with answers on an ordinal scale. The questions relate to aspects of their life referred to as ‘dimensions’. To assist psychologists in analysing the results, it is useful to highlight the structure of the data set. The clustering method achieves this by creating groups of individuals that are depicted by a representative of the group. From a psychological position, it is also useful to observe how questions may be clustered. The simultaneous clustering of both patients and questions is called ‘coclustering’. However, placing questions in the same group when they are not related to the same dimension does not make sense from a psychological perspective. Therefore, constrained coclustering was performed to prevent questions of different dimensions from being placed in the same column cluster. The evolution of coclusters over time was then investigated. The method uses a constrained latent block model embedding a probability distribution for ordinal data. Parameter estimation relies on a stochastic expectation–maximization algorithm associated with a Gibbs sampler, and the integrated completed likelihood–Bayesian information criterion is used to select the number of coclusters.
A More Complete Picture: Rural Residents’ Relative Support for Seven Forms of Natural Resource‐Related Economic Development
Authors: Mueller J. Tom , Tickamyer Ann R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding rural resident support for various forms of natural resource‐related economic development has been a common research topic in rural sociology. However, the vast majority of research has only evaluated support for one form of natural resource use at a time. The little research that has explored support for a wide variety of uses has found that residents are likely to support many of the suggested forms of development. We assessed rural resident support for seven forms of natural resource development: commercial logging, natural gas, mining, real estate, wind energy, tourism, and outdoor recreation. Using social exchange theory, this study examines the influence of perceived impacts of development, industry trust, and perceived industry power on general support for the seven forms of natural resource‐related economic development using a fixed effects generalized linear model among a sample of residents of rural Pennsylvania communities. Additionally, we use mixed logit discreet choice modeling to evaluate the drivers of relative support, meaning a stated preference for one form of development over other possible options. The drivers of general support and relative support were similar, with trust in industry and impacts to quality of life emerging as the primary drivers of both.
Long‐term data on entecavir treatment for treatment‐naive or lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B infection in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Yap Desmond Y. H. , Tang Colin , Fung James Y. Y. , Seto Wai‐Kay , Ma Maggie K. M. , Choy Bo Ying , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionEntecavir (ETV) showed short‐term efficacy and safety in HBsAg‐positive kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but long‐term data are lacking.MethodologyWe retrospectively reviewed 30 HBsAg‐positive KTRs who received ETV during 2007‐2017.ResultsEighteen treatment‐naïve (Group I) and 12 lamivudine‐resistant (Group II) patients received ETV for 48.4 ± 35.2 and 66.0 ± 26.0 months, respectively. Both groups show significant HBV DNA decline, but Group I achieved earlier undetectability after 11.9 ± 9.6 months (compared with 28.8 ± 24.2 months in Group II, P = .033). Group I showed higher rates of undetectable HBV DNA (89%, 94%, 94%, 100%, and 100% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively, compared with 25%, 50%, 50%, 91%, and 91% in Group II, P = .003). ALT normalized after 6.0 ± 1.9 and 6.8 ± 2.1 months in Group I and Group II, respectively. Four patients (33.3%) in Group II developed drug resistance (2 had persistent viraemia and 2 had virological breakthrough, at 40.3 ± 15.0 months). Group II showed higher liver stiffness after 5 years (7.7 ± 4.1 kPa, compared with 5.0 ± 1.6 kPa in Group I, P = .046) and incidence of cirrhosis (4 patients [33.3%], compared with 1 [5.6%] patient in Group I, P = .049). Two patients (one in each group) developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Renal allograft function remained stable during follow‐up of 63.2 ± 33.4 months for both groups. There was no difference in patient and graft survival between two groups at 5 years (P = .62 and .36, respectively).ConclusionETV showed favorable long‐term efficacy and tolerability in treatment‐naïve KTRs. One‐third of lamivudine‐resistant subjects showed non‐response or viral breakthrough after ETV treatment.
The role of improved pre‐transfusion testing in the prevention of delayed serologic transfusion reactions among blood recipients in Uganda: a Randomized Controlled Trial (IPAT Study)
Authors: Natukunda Bernard , Ndeezi Grace , See Er Lay , Bajunirwe Francis , Teramura Gayle , Delaney Meghan 
Published: July 2019

Background and objectivesThe goal of pre‐transfusion testing (PTT) is to provide patients with beneficial and safe transfusions. In Uganda, PTT includes ABO/RhD typing plus room temperature (RT) saline cross‐matches without red‐blood‐cell (RBC) alloantibody screening. The aim of the IPAT study was to assess the role of improved PTT in the prevention of delayed serologic transfusion reactions (DSTRs).Materials and methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, patients at Mbarara Hospital in Uganda, with a history of RBC exposure, were randomized 1:1 to have either RBC alloantibody screening (SCREEN group) or room temperature saline cross‐matches (CONTROL group) during PTT. ‘Home‐made’ reagent RBCs from group O RhD‐positive volunteers were used for antibody screening in the indirect antiglobulin test. Participants were evaluated for RBC alloantibody production 7–14 days after transfusion. Post‐transfusion haemoglobin estimation and direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) were also performed.ResultsWe randomized 220 patients to either the SCREEN or CONTROL group. Both study arms had similar demographic and transfusion characteristics at baseline. There were 19 (17·3%) individuals in the CONTROL group with DSTRs compared to 8 (7·3%) in the SCREEN group at the time of follow‐up (P = 0·02). Overall, post‐transfusion DATs were positive in 7 (3·5%) patients but there was no associated decrease in haemoglobin levels.ConclusionRed‐blood‐cell alloantibody screening is associated with occurrence of significantly fewer DSTRs. The use of ‘home‐made’ reagent cells during PTT in Uganda is feasible. We recommend a change in the local PTT policy to consider the introduction of RBC alloantibody screening.
Single‐stage reconstruction of third‐degree perineal lacerations in horses under general anesthesia: Utrecht repair method
Authors: Frietman Sjoerd K. , Compagnie Ellen , Stout Tom A. E. , Jonker F. Herman , ter Braake Frerik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe perioperative management, surgical procedure, and outcome in mares with third‐degree perineal lacerations (TDPL) treated with a single‐stage repair, the Utrecht repair method (URM).Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsTwenty mares with TDPL.MethodsMedical records of mares with TDPL reconstructed with a URM were reviewed for perioperative management; surgical outcome; and postoperative fertility, athletic performance, and complications.ResultsMares ranged in age from 3.5 to 11 years. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 13 mares. Mean duration of follow‐up was 9 years (median, 9.5; range, 2–215 months (17.9 years)). Standardized perioperative fasting and postoperative refeeding protocols were used. Only five mares received supportive gastric medication. Reconstruction of the rectovestibular shelf was successful in 18 of 20 mares. Two of 20 mares developed a small rectovestibular fistula after the initial repair, which was successfully repaired with a second surgery. Other postoperative complications were observed in 13 mares and consisted of mild postanesthetic myositis, facial nerve paralysis, esophageal obstruction, rectal obstipation, partial perineal dehiscence, and rectal or vestibular wind‐sucking. Six of seven mares that were subsequently bred became pregnant. One mare was successfully used for embryo recovery, and five of six mares foaled without recurrence of a TDPL. Nine of 13 mares were used for riding at various levels.ConclusionThe alternative single‐stage reconstruction for TDPL was successful in 18 of 20 mares after a single surgery. No major complications related directly to the technique were noted.Clinical significanceThe URM is a valid alternative surgical technique for repairing TDPL in mares.
New onset or exacerbation of uveitis with infliximab: paradoxical effects?
Authors: Iwahashi Chiharu , Ono Hikari , Haruta Mami , Minami Takamasa , Mashimo Hisashi , Shimojo Hiroshi , Ohguro Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo report four cases of new onset or exacerbation of uveitis following administration of infliximab.MethodsThis retrospective observational case series includes four patients who developed new onset or exacerbation of uveitis paradoxically during infliximab treatment.ResultsFour patients were assessed, including three women, with a mean age of 33 (14–84) years. Infliximab was introduced for the treatment of scleritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (two cases), chronic anterior uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (one case) and Crohn’s disease (one case). Anterior scleritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis successfully improved following infliximab administration; however, macular oedema or dense vitritis paradoxically developed in two cases. In one case, infliximab was switched to tocilizumab. In another case, infliximab was discontinued, and additional corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications were added. In one patient with JIA, new-onset macular oedema and exacerbation of anterior uveitis were observed during infliximab treatment, so the patient was switched to adalimumab. In the patient with Crohn’s disease treated with infliximab, severe vasculitis and macular oedema occurred, requiring intravitreal triamcinolone injection. The patient was switched to adalimumab. Given that these reactions were paradoxical effects of infliximab, infliximab treatment was discontinued in all cases, and additional corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications were added. All cases remained free of ocular inflammation at the last visit.ConclusionUveitis rarely occurs de novo or is exacerbated during infliximab treatment. Cessation of infliximab led to resolution of this paradoxical adverse effect.
Peritoneal mesothelioma and asbestos exposure: a population-based case–control study in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Consonni Dario , Calvi Cristina , De Matteis Sara , Mirabelli Dario , Landi Maria Teresa , Caporaso Neil E , Peters Susan , Vermeulen Roel , Kromhout Hans , Dallari Barbara , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Riboldi Luciano , Mensi Carolina 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesAsbestos is the main risk factor for peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM). However, due to its rarity, PeM has rarely been investigated in community-based studies. We examined the association between asbestos exposure and PeM risk in a general population in Lombardy, Italy.MethodsFrom the regional mesothelioma registry, we selected PeM cases diagnosed in 2000–2015. Population controls (matched by area, gender and age) came from two case–control studies in Lombardy on lung cancer (2002–2004) and pleural mesothelioma (2014). Assessment of exposure to asbestos was performed through a quantitative job-exposure matrix (SYN-JEM) and expert evaluation based on a standardised questionnaire. We calculated period-specific and gender-specific OR and 90% CI using conditional logistic regression adjusted for age, province of residence and education.ResultsWe selected 68 cases and 2116 controls (2000–2007) and 159 cases and 205 controls (2008–2015). The ORs for ever asbestos exposure (expert-based, 2008–2015 only) were 5.78 (90% CI 3.03 to 11.0) in men and 8.00 (2.56 to 25.0) in women; the ORs for definite occupational exposure were 12.3 (5.62 to 26.7) in men and 14.3 (3.16 to 65.0) in women. The ORs for ever versus never occupational asbestos exposure based on SYN-JEM (both periods) were 2.05 (90% CI 1.39 to 3.01) in men and 1.62 (0.79 to 3.27) in women. In men, clear positive associations were found for duration, cumulative exposure (OR 1.33 (1.19 to 1.48) per fibres/mL-years) and latency.ConclusionsUsing two different methods of exposure assessment we provided evidence of a clear association between asbestos exposure and PeM risk in the general population.
Tumor Mutation Burden and Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine and Oxaliplatin
Authors: Lee Dae-Won , Han Sae-Won , Bae Jeong Mo , Jang Hoon , Han Hyojun , Kim Hyoki , Bang Duhee , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Kim Tae-You 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Recent sequencing studies revealed that a subset of colorectal cancer harbors a significantly higher number of somatic mutations. These hypermutated tumors show distinct clinicopathologic features. However, the prognostic impact of the hypermutated tumors is not clearly established.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed tumor mutation burden (TMB) from targeted next-generation sequencing data of 40 major genes in 516 patients with colorectal cancer. TMB was defined as total number of nonsynonymous mutations per tumor. Cutoff value for TMB-high was chosen by which best discriminated relapse-free survival (RFS) using the Contal and O'Quigley method.

Results:
In the TCGA data, mutation count of the selected 40 genes reflected the whole exome mutation burden (Pearson correlation = 0.873, P &lt; 0.001). In our patient cohort, 8 or more mutations in the 40 genes was defined as TMB-high, which best discriminated RFS. A total of 55 patients (10.7%) had TMB-high. TMB-high tumors were more frequently found in a proximal location (63.6%) and had a higher proportion of N0 disease (30.9%) and MSI-H (49.1%) compared with TMB-low. Most importantly, TMB-high was associated with better 5-year RFS compared with TMB-low (96.3% vs. 79.8%, P = 0.005). Although there was significant overlap between TMB-high and MSI-H, MSI-H status was not significantly associated with RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed TMB-high as an independent positive prognostic factor for RFS [adjusted HR, 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.66), P = 0.011].

Conclusions:
TMB-high is associated with better prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer treated with curative surgery followed by adjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy.