bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexisting Discrete Bodies of Rhyolite and Punctuated Volcanism Characterize Yellowstone's Post‐Lava Creek Tuff Caldera Evolution
Authors: Till Christy B. , Vazquez Jorge A. , Stelten Mark E. , Shamloo Hannah I. , Shaffer Jamie S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIon‐microprobe 206Pb/238U geochronology and trace element geochemistry of the unpolished rims and sectioned interiors of zircons from Yellowstone caldera's oldest post‐caldera lavas provide insight into the magmatic system during the prelude and aftermath of the caldera‐forming Lava Creek supereruption. The post‐caldera lavas compose the Upper Basin Member of the Plateau Rhyolite and fall into two groups based on zircon crystallization age: early lavas with zircon ages between ~750 and 550 ka and late lavas with zircon ages between ~350 and 250 ka. Zircons from the early‐erupted East Biscuit Basin flow yield U‐Pb dates and trace element compositions, which when considered with the Pb isotopic compositions of their coexisting feldspars and pyroxenes, point to an isotopically distinct parental melt present during crystallization of the Lava Creek magma but untapped by the supereruption. Distinct zircon crystallization ages and Pb‐isotope compositions of major minerals between the early and late Upper Basin Member groups suggest contrasting sources in the magma reservoir. As proxies for melt evolution, the zircons indicate that Yellowstone's post‐caldera rhyolites became more evolved between mid‐ to late‐Pleistocene time, during the same interval that melting of hydrothermally altered wall rock and recharge by new silicic magmas changed in their relative roles. The results from this study indicate that discrete and ephemeral bodies of silicic magma, at times within a mush dominated reservoir and including during the prelude to the Lava Creek eruption, have characterized Yellowstone's subvolcanic reservoir.
U.S. Hydrologic Design Standards Insufficient Due to Large Increases in Frequency of Rainfall Extremes
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Bosma Christopher D. , Lopez‐Cantu Tania 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence for intensifying rainfall extremes has not translated into “actionable” information needed by engineers and risk analysts, who are often concerned with very rare events such as “100‐year storms.” Low signal‐to‐noise associated with such events makes trend detection nearly impossible using conventional methods. We use a regional aggregation approach to boost this signal‐to‐noise, showing that such storms have increased in frequency over much of the conterminous United States since 1950, a period characterized by widespread hydrologic infrastructure development. Most of these increases can be attributed to secular climate change rather than climate variability, and we demonstrate potentially serious implications for the reliability of existing and planned hydrologic infrastructure and analyses. Though trends in rainfall extremes have not yet translated into observable increases in flood risks, these results nonetheless point to the need for prompt updating of hydrologic design standards, taking into consideration recent changes in extreme rainfall properties.
Does Adding Solar Wind Poynting Flux Improve the Optimum Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling Function?
Authors: Lockwood Mike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study the contribution of the solar wind Poynting flux
to the total power input into the magnetosphere. The dominant power delivered by the solar wind is the kinetic energy flux of the particles, which is larger than Ssw by a factor of order
, where MA is the Alfvén Mach number. The currents
flowing in the bow shock and magnetosheath and the electric field
of the solar wind give regions where
, which are sources of Poynting flux, generated from the kinetic energy flux. For southward interplanetary magnetic field,
is duskward and the currents in the high‐latitude tail magnetopause are also sources of Poynting flux. We show transfer of kinetic energy into the magnetosphere is less efficient than direct entry of
by a factor MA. Because MA is typically of order 10, this means that although the power density in the solar wind due to
is typically only 1%, it is responsible for of order 10% of the energy input to the magnetosphere. To investigate the effect of this, we add a term to the solar wind‐magnetosphere energy coupling function that allows for
and that increases the correlation with the geomagnetic am index for 1995–2017 (inclusive) from 0.908 to 0.924 for 1‐day averages and from 0.978 to 0.979 for annual means. The increase for means on daily or smaller timescales is a small improvement but is significant (at over the 3σ level), whereas the improvement for annual or Carrington rotation means is not significant.
Introduction to the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) 2012 Studies
Authors: Barth M. C. , Rutledge S. A. , Brune W. H. , Cantrell C. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) project aimed to determine the impact of deep, midlatitude continental convective clouds on tropospheric composition and chemistry. The DC3 field campaign was conducted over a broad area of the central United States during May–June 2012. Data collected by DC3 have been extensively analyzed, with many results published in Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry 2012 Studies (DC3), a joint special section of JGR Atmospheres and Geophysical Research Letters. This paper highlights key results from the DC3 project as an introduction to the special issue.
Climate Warming Does Not Always Extend the Plant Growing Season in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Evidence From a 30‐Year In Situ Observations at Eight Experimental Sites
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Huang Yao , Wei Yurong , Zhang Wen , Li Tingting , Zhang Qing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past three decades, a generally increased air temperature occurred at most places in Inner Mongolia. Such a climate warming, which outpaced the global average warming rate, has been reported to significantly influence the vegetation phenology across the Inner Mongolia grasslands. However, there is less evidence from in situ observations to demonstrate the effect of climate warming on grass phenology. In this study, we analyzed the trends in both climatic and grassland phenological variations using the data from a 30‐year in situ observations at eight experimental sites in Inner Mongolia. We found that the most significant warming occurred during the growing season, while the temperature in nongrowing season did not show significant trends. Under this warming climate, two thirds of the observed phenologies (start, end, and length of the growing season) for different plant species across the eight sites did not show significant changes. Plant phenology exhibited divergent shifts in magnitudes and directions, depending on not only climate variation but also plant species (e.g., L. chinensis).
KHDRBS3 regulates the permeability of blood–tumor barrier via cDENND4C/miR-577 axis
Authors: Wu Peiqi , Gao Yang , Shen Shuyuan , Xue Yixue , Liu Xiaobai , Ruan Xuelei , Shao Lianqi , Liu Yunhui , Wang Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe existence of blood–tumor barrier (BTB) severely restricts the efficient delivery of antitumor drugs to cranial glioma tissues. Various strategies have been explored to increase BTB permeability. RNA-binding proteins and circular RNAs have recently emerged as potential regulators of endothelial cells functions. In this study, RNA-binding protein KH RNA-binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 3 (KHDRBS3) and circular RNA DENND4C (cDENND4C) were enriched in GECs. KHDRBS3 bound to cDENND4C and increased its stability. The knockdown of cDENND4C increased the permeability of BTB via downregulating the expressions of tight junction-related proteins. The miR-577 was lower expressed in GECs. The overexpressed miR-577 increased the permeability of BTB by reducing the tight junction-related protein expressions, and vice versa. Furthermore, cDENND4C acted as a molecular sponge of miR-577, which bound to miR-577 and inhibited its negative regulation of target genes ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 to regulate BTB permeability. Single or combined treatment of KHDRBS3, cDENND4C, and miR-577 effectively promoted antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) across BTB to induce apoptosis of glioma cells. Collectively, the present study indicated that KHDRBS3 could regulate BTB permeability through the cDENND4C/miR-577 axis, which enhanced doxorubicin delivery across BTB. These findings may provide a novel strategy for chemotherapy of brain tumors.
An exceptionally flexible hydrogen-bonded organic framework with large-scale void regulation and adaptive guest accommodation abilities
Authors: Huang Qiuyi , Li Wenlang , Mao Zhu , Qu Lunjun , Li Yang , Zhang Hao , Yu Tao , Yang Zhiyong , Zhao Juan , Zhang Yi , Aldred Matthew P. , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (FHOFs) are quite rare but promising for applications in separation, sensing and host-guest chemistry. They are difficult to stabilize, making their constructions a major challenge. Here, a flexible HOF (named 8PN) with permanent porosity has been successfully constructed. Nine single crystals of 8PN with different pore structures are obtained, achieving a large-scale void regulation from 4.4% to 33.2% of total cell volume. In response to external stimuli, multimode reversible structural transformations of 8PN accompanied by changes in luminescence properties have been realized. Furthermore, a series of high-quality co-crystals containing guests of varying shapes, sizes, aggregation states and even amounts are obtained, showing that 8PN can adapt to different guests by regulating the molecular conformations and assembling forms of its building blocks. The unexpected flexibility of 8PN makes it a promising material for enriching the applications of existing porous materials.
Probing a battery electrolyte drop with ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Maibach Julia , Källquist Ida , Andersson Margit , Urpelainen Samuli , Edström Kristina , Rensmo Håkan , Siegbahn Hans , Hahlin Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOperando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy in realistic battery environments is a key development towards probing the functionality of the electrode/electrolyte interface in lithium-ion batteries that is not possible with conventional photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, we present the ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of a model electrolyte based on 1M bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt in propylene carbonate. For the first time, we show ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy data of propylene carbonate in the liquid phase by using solvent vapor as the stabilizing environment. This enables us to separate effects from salt and solvent, and to characterize changes in electrolyte composition as a function of probing depth. While the bulk electrolyte meets the expected composition, clear accumulation of ionic species is found at the electrolyte surface. Our results show that it is possible to measure directly complex liquids such as battery electrolytes, which is an important accomplishment towards true operando studies.
Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals
Authors: Hojjatzadeh S. Mohammad H. , Parab Niranjan D. , Yan Wentao , Guo Qilin , Xiong Lianghua , Zhao Cang , Qu Minglei , Escano Luis I. , Xiao Xianghui , Fezzaa Kamel , Everhart Wes , Sun Tao , Chen Lianyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a 3D printing technology that can print metal parts with complex geometries without the design constraints of traditional manufacturing routes. However, the parts printed by LPBF normally contain many more pores than those made by conventional methods, which severely deteriorates their properties. Here, by combining in-situ high-speed high-resolution synchrotron x-ray imaging experiments and multi-physics modeling, we unveil the dynamics and mechanisms of pore motion and elimination in the LPBF process. We find that the high thermocapillary force, induced by the high temperature gradient in the laser interaction region, can rapidly eliminate pores from the melt pool during the LPBF process. The thermocapillary force driven pore elimination mechanism revealed here may guide the development of 3D printing approaches to achieve pore-free 3D printing of metals.
Brain somatic mutations observed in Alzheimer’s disease associated with aging and dysregulation of tau phosphorylation
Authors: Park Jun Sung , Lee Junehawk , Jung Eun Sun , Kim Myeong-Heui , Kim Il Bin , Son Hyeonju , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Sanghyeon , Park Young Mok , Mook-Jung Inhee , Yu Seok Jong , Lee Jeong Ho 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of brain somatic mutations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not well understood. Here, we perform deep whole-exome sequencing (average read depth 584×) in 111 postmortem hippocampal formation and matched blood samples from 52 patients with AD and 11 individuals not affected by AD. The number of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in AD brain specimens increases significantly with aging, and the rate of mutation accumulation in the brain is 4.8-fold slower than that in AD blood. The putatively pathogenic brain somatic mutations identified in 26.9% (14 of 52) of AD individuals are enriched in PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and AMPK pathway genes known to contribute to hyperphosphorylation of tau. We show that a pathogenic brain somatic mutation in PIN1 leads to a loss-of-function mutation. In vitro mimicking of haploinsufficiency of PIN1 aberrantly increases tau phosphorylation and aggregation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture underlying the pathogenesis of AD.
Structural underpinnings of Ric8A function as a G-protein α-subunit chaperone and guanine-nucleotide exchange factor
Authors: Srivastava Dhiraj , Gakhar Lokesh , Artemyev Nikolai O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric8A) is an essential regulator of G protein α-subunits (Gα), acting as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and a chaperone. We report two crystal structures of Ric8A, one in the apo form and the other in complex with a tagged C-terminal fragment of Gα. These structures reveal two principal domains of Ric8A: an armadillo-fold core and a flexible C-terminal tail. Additionally, they show that the Gα C-terminus binds to a highly-conserved patch on the concave surface of the Ric8A armadillo-domain, with selectivity determinants residing in the Gα sequence. Biochemical analysis shows that the Ric8A C-terminal tail is critical for its stability and function. A model of the Ric8A/Gα complex derived from crosslinking mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that the Ric8A C-terminal tail helps organize the GTP-binding site of Gα. This study lays the groundwork for understanding Ric8A function at the molecular level.
Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes
Authors: Carlström Karl E. , Ewing Ewoud , Granqvist Mathias , Gyllenberg Alexandra , Aeinehband Shahin , Enoksson Sara Lind , Checa Antonio , Badam Tejaswi V. S. , Huang Jesse , Gomez-Cabrero David , Gustafsson Mika , Al Nimer Faiez , Wheelock Craig E. , Kockum Ingrid , Olsson Tomas , Jagodic Maja , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first-line-treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The redox master regulator Nrf2, essential for redox balance, is a target of DMF, but its precise therapeutic mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here we show impact of DMF on circulating monocytes and T cells in a prospective longitudinal RRMS patient cohort. DMF increases the level of oxidized isoprostanes in peripheral blood. Other observed changes, including methylome and transcriptome profiles, occur in monocytes prior to T cells. Importantly, monocyte counts and monocytic ROS increase following DMF and distinguish patients with beneficial treatment-response from non-responders. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the ROS-generating NOX3 gene is associated with beneficial DMF treatment-response. Our data implicate monocyte-derived oxidative processes in autoimmune diseases and their treatment, and identify NOX3 genetic variant, monocyte counts and redox state as parameters potentially useful to inform clinical decisions on DMF therapy of RRMS.
Discovery of potential genes contributing to the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in gut microbiota from systematic investigation in E. coli
Authors: Zhao Chunhua , Dong Hongjun , Zhang Yanping , Li Yin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrobiota play important roles in the internal environment and health of humans, livestock and wild animals. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate are primary metabolites that can impact the composition and function of human microbiota. According to the well-characterized key synthesis genes, many SCFA- and lactate-producing bacteria have been identified in the gut microbiota. However, unknown genes may also contribute to the formation of SCFAs and lactate. The identification of such genes will provide new engineering targets and new strategies for maintaining a stable structure of beneficial microbiota. In this study, we used Escherichia coli as a model to analyze possible genes related to SCFAs and lactate production besides the well-characterized ones. The functions of nineteen candidate genes were studied by targeted gene deletion and overexpression. Results indicated thioesterase genes such as yciA, tesA, tesB, and menI can contribute to acetate and/or butyrate formation. As for lactate, mgsA and lldD can function in addition to ldh gene. At the same time, the distribution of these functional genes in gut microbiota was investigated. Most bacteria contain the well-studied genes whereas some bacteria contain some of the described unusual ones. The results provide insights and genetic targets for the discovery of new SCFA- and lactate-producing bacteria in gut microbiota.
Biological and Sociopolitical Sources of Uncertainty in Population Viability Analysis for Endangered Species Recovery Planning
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Lacy Robert C. , Fredrickson Richard J. , Rohlf Daniel J. , Hendricks Sarah A. , Phillips Michael K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough population viability analysis (PVA) can be an important tool for strengthening endangered species recovery efforts, the extent to which such analyses remain embedded in the social process of recovery planning is often unrecognized. We analyzed two recovery plans for the Mexican wolf that were developed using similar data and methods but arrived at contrasting conclusions as to appropriate recovery goals or criteria. We found that approximately half of the contrast arose from uncertainty regarding biological data, with the remainder divided between policy-related decisions and mixed biological-policy factors. Contrasts arose from both differences in input parameter values and how parameter uncertainty informed the level of precaution embodied in resulting criteria. Policy-related uncertainty originated from contrasts in thresholds for acceptable risk and disagreement as to how to define endangered species recovery. Rather than turning to PVA to produce politically acceptable definitions of recovery that appear science-based, agencies should clarify the nexus between science and policy elements in their decision processes. The limitations we identify in endangered-species policy and how PVAs are conducted as part of recovery planning must be addressed if PVAs are to fulfill their potential to increase the odds of successful conservation outcomes.
Traffic jam regulates the function of the ovarian germline stem cell progeny differentiation niche during pre-adult stage in Drosophila
Authors: Li Mengjie , Hu Xiaolong , Zhang Shu , Ho Margaret S. , Wu Geng , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStem cell self-renewal and the daughter cell differentiation are tightly regulated by the respective niches, which produce extrinsic cues to support the proper development. In Drosophila ovary, Dpp is secreted from germline stem cell (GSC) niche and activates the BMP signaling in GSCs for their self-renewal. Escort cells (ECs) in differentiation niche restrict Dpp outside the GSC niche and extend protrusions to help with proper differentiation of the GSC daughter cells. Here we provide evidence that loss of large Maf transcriptional factor Traffic jam (Tj) blocks GSC progeny differentiation. Spatio-temporal specific knockdown experiments indicate that Tj is required in pre-adult EC lineage for germline differentiation control. Further molecular and genetic analyses suggest that the defective germline differentiation caused by tj-depletion is partly attributed to the elevated dpp in the differentiation niche. Moreover, our study reveals that tj-depletion induces ectopic En expression outside the GSC niche, which contributes to the upregulated dpp expression in ECs as well as GSC progeny differentiation defect. Alternatively, loss of EC protrusions and decreased EC number elicited by tj-depletion may also partially contribute to the germline differentiation defect. Collectively, our findings suggest that Tj in ECs regulates germline differentiation by controlling the differentiation niche characteristics.
Motives relate to cooperation in social dilemmas but have an inconsistent association with leadership evaluation
Authors: Wolff Christian , Keith Nina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA common assumption is that good leaders are driven by a power motive that motivates them to influence others. However, leaders need to restrain themselves in social dilemmas where cooperation maximizes collective outcomes. We theorize that in social dilemmas, a desire for positive relationships (affiliation motive) is more beneficial than a power motive because it draws attention away from short-term self-interest towards understanding others. In a game ofSettlers of Catanin the laboratory, we find that a functional variant of the affiliation motive relates to verbal encouragement of cooperation, to fewer occurrences of oil spills, to higher ratings of transformational leadership and, in a field survey, to fewer selfish business decisions. Furthermore, a dysfunctional variant of the power motive relates to two of three indicators of selfishness. Group members perceive selfish individuals as assuming leadership roles which indirectly relates to slightly higher ratings of transformational leadership. This pattern of evaluation may privilege men who, on average, show more selfish behaviour which can be partially attributed to their motives. Mere awareness of gender-based discrimination does not enable raters to circumvent this pattern of evaluation. This work suggests a need for interventions that increase appreciation of cooperative leaders.