bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Models to Predict and Assess Spatial and Temporal Low‐Flow Variability in New England Rivers and Streams
Authors: Detenbeck Naomi E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the northern hemisphere, summer low flows are a key attribute defining both quantity and quality of aquatic habitat. I developed one set of models for New England streams/rivers predicting July/August median flows averaged across 1985–2015 as a function of weather, slope, % imperviousness, watershed storage, glacial geology, and soils. These models performed better than most United States Geological Survey models for summer flows developed at a statewide scale. I developed a second set of models predicting interannual differences in summer flows as a function of differences in air temperature, precipitation, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and lagged NAO. Use of difference equations eliminated the need for transformations and accounted for serial autocorrelations at lag 1. The models were used in sequence to estimate time series for monthly low flows and for two derived flow metrics (tenth percentile [Q10] and minimum 3‐in‐5 year average flows). The first metric is commonly used in assessing risk to low‐flow conditions over time, while the second has been correlated with increased probability of localized extinctions for brook trout. The flow metrics showed increasing trends across most of New England for 1985–2015. However, application of summer flow models with average and extreme climate projections to the Taunton River, Massachusetts, a sensitive watershed undergoing rapid development, projected that low‐flow metrics will decrease over the next 50 years.
Graphs in phylogenetic comparative analysis: Anscombe's quartet revisited
Authors: Revell Liam J. , Schliep Klaus , Valderrama Eugenio , Richardson James E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In 1973, the statistician Francis Anscombe used a clever set of bivariate datasets (now known as Anscombe's quartet) to illustrate the importance of graphing data as a component of statistical analyses. In his example, each of the four datasets yielded identical regression coefficients and model fits, and yet when visualized revealed strikingly different patterns of covariation between x and y.

Phylogenetic comparative methods (the set of methodologies that use phylogenies, often combined with phenotypic trait data, to make inferences about evolution) are statistical methods too; yet visualizing the data and phylogeny in a sensible way that would permit us to detect unexpected patterns or unanticipated deviations from model assumptions is not a routine component of phylogenetic comparative analyses.

Here, we use a quartet of phylogenetic datasets to illustrate that the same estimated parameters and model fits can be obtained from data that were generated using markedly different procedures—including pure Brownian motion evolution and randomly selected data uncorrelated with the tree. Just as in the case of Anscombe's quartet, when graphed the differences between the four datasets are quickly revealed.

The intent of this article is to help build the general case that phylogenetic comparative methods are statistical methods and consequently that graphing or visualization should invariably be included as an essential step in our standard data analytical pipelines.

Phylogenies are complex data structures and thus visualizing data on trees in a meaningful and useful way is a challenging endeavour. We recommend that the development of graphical methods for simultaneously visualizing data and tree should continue to be an important goal in phylogenetic comparative biology.
Tissue-resident memory T cells are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion in human urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Hartana C A , Ahlén Bergman E , Broomé A , Berglund S , Johansson M , Alamdari F , Jakubczyk T , Huge Y , Aljabery F , Palmqvist K , Holmström B , Glise H , Riklund K , Sherif A , Winqvist O 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are CD8+ T lymphocytes that reside in the tissues, including tumours. This T cell subset possesses a magnitude of cytotoxicity, but its epigenetic regulation has not been studied. Here, we investigate the impact of perforin DNA methylation in TRM cells and correlate it with their functional potential. Fifty-three urothelial urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients were recruited prospectively. The DNA methylation status of the perforin gene (PRF1) locus in TRM cells was investigated by pyrosequencing. Flow cytometry with ViSNE analysis and in-vitro stimulation were used to evaluate TRM cell phenotypes. We discovered that tumour TRM cells have low DNA methylation in the PRF1 locus (32·9% methylation), which corresponds to increased numbers of perforin-expressing TRM cells. Surprisingly, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression is high in tumour TRM cells, suggesting exhaustion. Following interleukin-15 and T cell receptor stimulation, perforin and T-bet expressions are enhanced, indicating that TRM cells from tumours are not terminally exhausted. Moreover, a high number of TRM cells infiltrating the tumours corresponds to lower tumour stage in patients. In conclusion, TRM cells from UBC tumours are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion. This finding identifies TRM cells as potential new targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by dexpanthenol—Probably a frequent allergen
Authors: Fernandes Rosa A. , Santiago Luís , Gouveia Miguel , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPanthenol (synonym: dexpanthenol), the alcohol analogue of panthothenic acid, is frequently included in moisturizers, wound‐healing agents, and other cosmetics, and has been shown to be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of ACD caused by dexpanthenol, and to characterize reactive patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the files of patients patch tested between 2009 and 2017 in the Department of Dermatology of the Coimbra's University Hospital and describe patients who reacted to dexpanthenol 5% pet., tested initially in a cosmetic/vehicle series and in the last 3 years in consecutive patients.ResultsAmong 2171 patients, 26 (1.2%) had positive patch test reactions to dexpanthenol, mostly patients tested for chronic eczema (88.5%, n = 23), either widespread (5), or localized to the hands (5), face (4), or legs (7). Relevance could be traced in 20 patients (76.9%), related to the use of Bepanthene cream (15), moisturizers (3), topical medications (1), and a shampoo (1). Twenty‐five of 26 patients (96.2%) reacted to several other allergens, mostly ingredients of cosmetic or pharmaceutical products.ConclusionsAlthough ACD caused by dexpanthenol is considered to be rare, it may be frequently overlooked. As we found a relatively high frequency of relevant cases, in agreement with a previous study, the inclusion of dexpanthenol in patch test series, at least in cosmetic and topical drug series, is encouraged.
Reduction in TIMP‐2 serum levels predicts remission of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Carbone Federico , Bodini Giorgia , Brunacci Matteo , Bonaventura Aldo , Vecchiè Alessandra , Liberale Luca , Crespi Mattia , Baldissarro Isabella , Dallegri Franco , Savarino Vincenzo , Montecucco Fabrizio , Giannini Edoardo G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence indicates tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as potential players in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but, no prospective data are available in IBD remission/relapse.Material & methodsIn this prospective pilot study, a cohort of IBD patients (n = 32) was enrolled and treated with monoclonal anti‐TNF‐α antibodies. Patients were clinically followed up for a median period of 54 weeks. Serum circulating levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), TIMP‐1 and ‐2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and ‐8, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) were assessed by ELISA at enrolment and at the end of the treatment.ResultsThe percentage (%) TIMP‐2 reduction from baseline to end of treatment was independently associated with IBD remission at the end of treatment and follow‐up as well. ROC curve analysis further confirmed the good prognostic accuracy of % TIMP‐2 reduction over the treatment period. Conversely, no other change in inflammatory molecule concentrations was able to predict short‐ or long‐term IBD remission.ConclusionsThis study indicates TIMP‐2 reduction during IBD treatment with monoclonal anti‐TNF‐α antibodies as a potential prognostic parameter of short and long term remission. To understand if TIMP‐2 is an innocent biomarker or an active pathophysiological factor in IBD remains to be clarified.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity
Authors: Kiffney Peter M. , Cram Ben , Faulds Paul L. , Burton Karl , Koehler Michele , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.
The “concept‐reality mismatch” in the globalization era as a psychosocial stressor contributing to the occurrence of mental disorders
Authors: Bou Khalil Rami 
Published: July 2018

AimsThe “concept‐reality mismatch” in the globalization era is a novel conceptualization of psychosocial stress due to difficulties in experiencing five of the most important positive emotions for psychological well‐being. These emotions are love, trust, faith, pleasure and self‐esteem.Methodsa narrative overview of the literature using the terms “positive emotions,” “positive psychology,” “globalization” and “self‐discrepancy” has been done. Selected articles are those considered to support the basic ideas mentioned in this hypothesis.ResultsDifferences in how adolescents and young adults experience positive emotions in real life in relation to their conceptual background exist. Authentic love described in books and movies might become perceived as more difficult to find. Trust, in the era of long distance relationships, is being built based on different criteria than those adolescents and young adults are taught to apply. Faith is challenged by the facility of accessing scientific data and by the lack of parental positive influence towards religiosity. Pleasure is being claimed as a right to cope with stress even artificially. Self‐esteem is becoming more and more restricted to wealth, beauty and fame as promoted by modern communication technologies.ConclusionsThe “concept‐reality mismatch” may be considered as an essential and preventable psychosocial stressor contributing to the development of mental and substance use disorders in the modern world. Studies evaluating this hypothesis and elaborating on its management strategies are needed in the near future.
Genome‐wide association study: Exploring the genetic basis for responsiveness to ketogenic dietary therapies for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Schoeler Natasha E. , Leu Costin , Balestrini Simona , Mudge Jonathan M. , Steward Charles A. , Frankish Adam , Leung Mary‐Anne , Mackay Mark , Scheffer Ingrid , Williams Ruth , Sander Josemir W. , Cross J. Helen , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveWith the exception of specific metabolic disorders, predictors of response to ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are unknown. We aimed to determine whether common variation across the genome influences the response to KDT for epilepsy.MethodsWe genotyped individuals who were negative for glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome or other metabolic disorders, who received KDT for epilepsy. Genotyping was performed with the Infinium HumanOmniExpressExome Beadchip. Hospital records were used to obtain demographic and clinical data. KDT response (≥50% seizure reduction) at 3‐month follow‐up was used to dissect out nonresponders and responders. We then performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in nonresponders vs responders, using a linear mixed model and correcting for population stratification. Variants with minor allele frequency <0.05 and those that did not pass quality control filtering were excluded.ResultsAfter quality control filtering, the GWAS of 112 nonresponders vs 123 responders revealed an association locus at 6p25.1, 61 kb upstream of CDYL (rs12204701, P = 3.83 × 10−8, odds ratio [A] = 13.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.07‐44.8). Although analysis of regional linkage disequilibrium around rs12204701 did not strengthen the likelihood of CDYL being the candidate gene, additional bioinformatic analyses suggest it is the most likely candidate.SignificanceCDYL deficiency has been shown to disrupt neuronal migration and to influence susceptibility to epilepsy in mice. Further exploration with a larger replication cohort is warranted to clarify whether CDYL is the causal gene underlying the association signal.
In search of a revolution: Raison d'état and the freedom argument
Authors: Afolayan Adeshina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe concept of revolution conceptually objectifies the impotent socio‐economic and political desires and preferences of human beings against powerful and constricting social formations. It conjures the pictures of possibilities. It is not surprising that the violent happenings in the Middle East have been quickly dubbed “revolutions” by scholars and the Western media. This essay presents a consequentialist argument that deploys Arendt's freedom argument to interrogate a revolution in terms of the outcomes the revolution presents the people with regard to the expansion of their capacities. Conceptually, the concept of revolution is a receding philosophical horizon especially in a context of shifting political and personal allegiances and ideologies defined by the Middle East which eventually conditioned the outcome of the Arab Spring. The minimal justification for a revolution is to transcend the existing order which constrains freedom and democratic empowerment. This essay argues that, despite its vaunted popularity, the Arab Spring was a series of uprisings that were undermined by the freedom argument. The essay however critically interrogates the larger question of what the Arab Spring portends for West Africa in terms of the understanding of freedom and how that becomes the first condition for a liberated citizenry. In the first part of the essay, I outline the theoretical framework that makes the question of a revolution possible. And this concerns the specific formation of the modern state and its monopoly of the use of force. In the second part, I interrogate the Arab Spring, which has been hailed as a contemporary “revolution,” and the implications of that critique for the understanding of politics in West Africa.
People who experience seclusion in adult mental health inpatient services: An examination of health of the nation outcome scales scores
Authors: Jury Angela , Lai Jennifer , Tuason Charito , Koning Ashley , Smith Mark , Boyd Lois , Swanson Caro , Fergusson David , Gruar Angela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales (HoNOS) provides an overview of a person's behaviour, impairment, clinical symptoms, and social functioning. This study investigated the profile of people who had been secluded in New Zealand's adult mental health inpatient services using 12 individual HoNOS ratings. Routinely collected clinical data were extracted from the Programme for the Integration of Mental Health Data (PRIMHD). This is the national data set for mental health and addiction services. A logistic regression model was fitted to the data which adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, bed nights, compulsory treatment, and district health board. After adjustment, three HoNOS items significantly predicted the risk of seclusion: overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behaviour (adjusted OR = 4.82, 95% CI [3.88, 5.97], P < 0.001); problem drinking or drug‐taking (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.25, 1.82], P < 0.001); and problems with hallucinations and delusions (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.09, 1.63], P = 0.006). In addition, two HoNOS items were protective for seclusion: nonaccidental self‐injury (adjusted OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.51, 0.83], P < 0.001) and depressed mood (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.47, 0.72], P < 0.001). Thus, responding effectively to agitation and/or aggression, substance use, and psychosis plays an important role in reducing the use of seclusion. Mental health nurses and other workers can reduce seclusion through early assessment, effective communication, de‐escalation techniques, reduction tools, trauma‐informed care, and consulting with consumers and whānau.
A causal model for the quality of nursing care in Thailand
Authors: Boonpracom R. , Kunaviktikul W. , Thungjaroenkul P. , Wichaikhum O. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundA growing global nursing shortage has affected the quality of care (QOC) provision.AimTo test the structure‐process‐outcome model for quality of nursing care in regional medical centres in Thailand.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with multi‐stage, proportional stratified random sampling. The sample comprised 136 units, 916 nurses and 943 patients from nine regional medical centres. Data were collected from six instruments in February–June 2016 and analysed with structural equation modelling.ResultsThe modified model fitted the empirical data. The nurse practice environment (NPE) had a negative direct effect on pressure ulcer prevalence and a positive direct effect on patient satisfaction, perceived QOC and interpersonal processes of care (IPC). Increasing the patient‐to‐nurse ratio had a positive direct effect on catheter‐associated urinary tract infections and pressure ulcer prevalence and had negative direct effects on patient satisfaction and perceived QOC. Skill mix had negative direct effects on the two former conditions but had a positive direct effect on patient satisfaction. The patient‐to‐nurse ratio and skill mix also had indirect effect on four outcomes via NPE.LimitationsThe generalizability of findings may be limited to settings similar to this study.ConclusionWe empirically demonstrated that NPE, patient‐to‐nurse‐ ratio and skill mix had direct effects on unfinished nursing care and four outcomes. Also, the IPC had significant influence on patient satisfaction.Implications for nursing and health policyThe findings add to increasing international evidence that favourable nurse working conditions, low nurse‐to‐patient ratio and richer skill mix result in positive patient outcomes. Health systems can foster nurses to perform high‐quality care by improving work conditions, and providing sufficient nurses and resources.
Blood pressure control rates measured in specialty vs primary care practices within a large integrated health system
Authors: Billups Sarah J. , Saseen Joseph J. , Vande Griend Joseph P. , Schilling Lisa M. 
Published: July 2018

Blood pressure measurement is a diagnostic test and a key component of assessing and managing hypertension, a major contributor to cardiovascular risk. Based on real‐world clinical observations within a large, university‐based, accountable care organization, we sought to assess whether blood pressure control results varied by the assessment setting, primary care versus specialty. We studied the most recent outpatient measurement for patients with hypertension during the 2016 calendar year and categorized each as being performed in a primary care or specialty setting, and as being controlled (<140/90 mm Hg) or uncontrolled. Among the 86 512 patients identified, the 43 364 whose most recent blood pressure measurement was in a specialty setting were significantly less likely to be controlled compared to the 43 148 whose most recent measurement was in primary care (63% vs 68%, respectively, OR = 0.83 [0.80‐0.85]). For the 27 955 patients who had measurements performed in both settings during the year, the control rates based upon their most recent specialty and primary care measurements were 63% and 71%, respectively (OR = 0.62, 0.60‐0.65). For the subsets of patients whose measurements in each setting were within 30 or within seven days of each other, the odds of control in the specialty versus primary care setting were 0.63 (0.58‐0.75) and 0.65 (0.57‐0.75), respectively. Health systems should weigh the value of performing blood pressure measurement in specialty settings that do not manage this condition, taking into consideration the resources required to perform it and the potential negative consequences of inaccurate measurements.
Dual effects of baicalin on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption
Authors: Lu Xuanyuan , He Wei , Yang Wanlei , Li Jianlei , Han Weiqi , Liu Qian , Zhang Tan , Jiang Jiawei , Qin An , Qian Yu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOsteoclasts (OC) are critical cells responsible for many bone diseases such as osteoporosis. It is of great interest to identify agents that can regulate the activity of OC to treat osteolytic bone diseases. In this study, we found that baicalin exerted a two‐way regulatory effect on OC in a concentration‐dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. In detail, baicalin at a low concentration (below 1 μmol/L) enhanced OC differentiation and bone resorption, but baicalin at a high concentration (above 2 μmol/L) exhibited inhibitory effects on OC. We demonstrated that baicalin at low concentrations enhanced the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) (ERK) signalling pathway and activated c‐Fos and NFATc1 expression, and thus enhanced gene expression, OC differentiation and bone resorption. However, baicalin at higher levels not only suppressed ERK phosphorylation and c‐fos and NFATc1 expression, but also altered the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, and therefore inhibiting OC function. This dual effect was further verified in an LPS‐induced mouse calvarial osteolysis model, evidenced by enhanced osteolysis at a lower concentration but reduced bone loss at a higher concentration. Overall, our findings indicate that baicalin exerts dose‐dependent effects on OC formation and function. Therefore, caution should be applied when using baicalin to treating OC‐related bone diseases.