bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid and nondestructive protocol for whole-mount bone staining of small fish and Xenopus
Authors: Sakata-Haga Hiromi , Uchishiba Maimi , Shimada Hiroki , Tsukada Tsuyoshi , Mitani Mayumi , Arikawa Tomohiro , Shoji Hiroki , Hatta Toshihisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere we propose a new protocol for whole-mount bone staining, which allows the rapid preparation of highly cleared and nondestructive specimens. It only takes 3 days to complete whole procedure for small vertebrates, such as medaka, zebrafish, and Xenopus frogs. In this procedure, we used a newly developed fixative containing formalin, Triton X-100, and potassium hydroxide, which allows the fixation, decolorization, and transparentization of specimens at the same time. A bone staining solution containing alizarin red S with ethylene glycol and a clearing solution containing Tween 20 and potassium hydroxide also contributed the specificity and swiftness of this new system. As expected, although details of the skeletal system could be observed in specimens with high transparency, it was noteworthy that high-resolution fluorescence images acquired using zoom microscopes clearly delineated the shape of each bone. This new procedure would be expected to be widely used as a standard procedure for bone staining in the testing the developmental toxicity of chemicals and in the screening test of knockout or mutant animals.
Novel erythrocyte clumps revealed by an orphan gene Newtic1 in circulating blood and regenerating limbs of the adult newt
Authors: Casco-Robles Roman M. , Watanabe Akihiko , Eto Ko , Takeshima Kazuhito , Obata Shuichi , Kinoshita Tsutomu , Ariizumi Takashi , Nakatani Kei , Nakada Tomoaki , Tsonis Panagiotis A. , Casco-Robles Martin M. , Sakurai Keisuke , Yahata Kensuke , Maruo Fumiaki , Toyama Fubito , Chiba Chikafumi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe newt, a group of urodele amphibians, has outstanding ability to repeatedly regenerate various body parts, even in the terrestrial life-stage. In this animal, when the limb is amputated, a cell mass named the blastema appears on the stump and eventually gives rise to a new functional limb. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) in most non-mammalian vertebrates, including the newt, preserve their nucleus throughout their life-span, although physiological roles of such nucleated erythrocytes, other than oxygen delivery, are not known. Here we report novel behavior of erythrocytes in the newt. We identified an orphan gene Newtic1, whose transcripts significantly increased in the blastema. Newtic1 was expressed in a subset of erythrocytes that formed a novel clump (EryC). EryC formed a complex with monocytes and was circulating throughout the body. When the limb was amputated, EryCs were newly generated in the stump and accumulated into a distal portion of the growing blastema. Our data suggested that the newt erythrocytes carried multiple secretory molecules including growth factors and matrix metalloproteases, and were capable of delivering these molecules into the blastema as a form of EryCs. This study provides insight into regulations and roles of nucleated erythrocytes, that are independent of oxygen delivery.
Humanizing Miniature Hearts through 4-Flow Cannulation Perfusion Decellularization and Recellularization
Authors: Nguyen Duong T. , O’Hara Matthew , Graneli Cecilia , Hicks Ryan , Miliotis Tasso , Nyström Ann-Christin , Hansson Sara , Davidsson Pia , Gan Li-Ming , Magnone Maria Chiara , Althage Magnus , Heydarkhan-Hagvall Sepideh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite improvements in pre-clinical drug testing models, predictability of clinical outcomes continues to be inadequate and costly due to poor evidence of drug metabolism. Humanized miniature organs integrating decellularized rodent organs with tissue specific cells are translational models that can provide further physiological understanding and evidence. Here, we evaluated 4-Flow cannulated rat hearts as the fundamental humanized organ model for cardiovascular drug validation. Results show clearance of cellular components in all chambers in 4-Flow hearts with efficient perfusion into both coronary arteries and cardiac veins. Furthermore, material characterization depicts preserved organization and content of important matrix proteins such as collagens, laminin, and elastin. With access to the complete vascular network, different human cell types were delivered to show spatial distribution and integration into the matrix under perfusion for up to three weeks. The feature of 4-Flow cannulation is the preservation of whole heart conformity enabling ventricular pacing via the pulmonary vein as demonstrated by noninvasive monitoring with fluid pressure and ultrasound imaging. Consequently, 4-Flow hearts surmounting organ mimicry challenges with intact complexity in vasculature and mechanical compliance of the whole organ providing an ideal platform for improving pre-clinical drug validation in addition to understanding cardiovascular diseases.
Cavitation-threshold Determination and Rheological-parameters Estimation of Albumin-stabilized Nanobubbles
Authors: Lafond Maxime , Watanabe Akiko , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro , Tachibana Katsuro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanobubbles (NBs) are of high interest for ultrasound (US) imaging as contrast agents and therapy as cavitation nuclei. Because of their instability (Laplace pressure bubble catastrophe) and low sensitivity to US, reducing the size of commonly used microbubbles to submicron-size is not trivial. We introduce stabilized NBs in the 100–250-nm size range, manufactured by agitating human serum albumin and perfluoro-propane. These NBs were exposed to 3.34- and 5.39-MHz US, and their sensitivity to US was proven by detecting inertial cavitation. The cavitation-threshold information was used to run a numerical parametric study based on a modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation (with a Newtonian rheology model). The determined values of surface tension ranged from 0 N/m to 0.06 N/m. The corresponding values of dilatational viscosity ranged from 5.10−10 Ns/m to 1.10−9 Ns/m. These parameters were reported to be 0.6 N/m and 1.10−8 Ns/m for the reference microbubble contrast agent. This result suggests the possibility of using albumin as a stabilizer for the nanobubbles that could be maintained in circulation and presenting satisfying US sensitivity, even in the 3–5-MHz range.
3D confocal laser-scanning microscopy for large-area imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus
Authors: Allgeier Stephan , Bartschat Andreas , Bohn Sebastian , Peschel Sabine , Reichert Klaus-Martin , Sperlich Karsten , Walckling Marcus , Hagenmeyer Veit , Mikut Ralf , Stachs Oliver , Köhler Bernd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe capability of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to acquire high-resolution in vivo images of the densely innervated human cornea has gained considerable interest in using this non-invasive technique as an objective diagnostic tool for staging peripheral neuropathies. Morphological alterations of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) assessed by CCM have been shown to correlate well with the progression of neuropathic diseases and even predict future-incident neuropathy. Since the field of view of single CCM images is insufficient for reliable characterisation of nerve morphology, several image mosaicking techniques have been developed to facilitate the assessment of the SNP in large-area visualisations. Due to the limited depth of field of confocal microscopy, these approaches are highly sensitive to small deviations of the focus plane from the SNP layer. Our contribution proposes a new automated solution, combining guided eye movements for rapid expansion of the acquired SNP area and axial focus plane oscillations to guarantee complete imaging of the SNP. We present results of a feasibility study using the proposed setup to evaluate different oscillation settings. By comparing different image selection approaches, we show that automatic tissue classification algorithms are essential to create high-quality mosaic images from the acquired 3D datasets.
Elements of Phonological Interventions for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: The Development of a Taxonomy
Authors: Baker Elise , Williams A. Lynn , McLeod Sharynne , McCauley Rebecca 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Our aim was to develop a taxonomy of elements comprising phonological interventions for children with speech sound disorders.

Method
We conducted a content analysis of 15 empirically supported phonological interventions to identify and describe intervention elements. Measures of element concentration, flexibility, and distinctiveness were used to compare and contrast interventions.

Results
Seventy-two intervention elements were identified using a content analysis of intervention descriptions then arranged to form the Phonological Intervention Taxonomy: a hierarchical framework comprising 4 domains, 15 categories, and 9 subcategories. Across interventions, mean element concentration (number of required or optional elements) was 45, with a range of 27 to 59 elements. Mean flexibility of interventions (percentage of elements considered optional out of all elements included in the intervention) was 44%, with a range of 29% to 62%. Distinctiveness of interventions (percentage of an intervention's rare elements and omitted common elements out of all elements included in the intervention [both optional and required]) ranged from 0% to 30%.

Conclusions
An understanding of the elements that comprise interventions and a taxonomy that describes their structural relationships can provide insight into similarities and differences between interventions, help in the identification of elements that drive treatment effects, and facilitate faithful implementation or intervention modification. Research is needed to distil active elements and identify strategies that best facilitate replication and implementation.
Applied Chaos Level Test for Validation of Signal Conditions Underlying Optimal Performance of Voice Classification Methods
Authors: Liu Boquan , Polce Evan , Sprott Julien C. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to introduce a chaos level test to evaluate linear and nonlinear voice type classification method performances under varying signal chaos conditions without subjective impression.

Study Design
Voice signals were constructed with differing degrees of noise to model signal chaos. Within each noise power, 100 Monte Carlo experiments were applied to analyze the output of jitter, shimmer, correlation dimension, and spectrum convergence ratio. The computational output of the 4 classifiers was then plotted against signal chaos level to investigate the performance of these acoustic analysis methods under varying degrees of signal chaos.

Method
A diffusive behavior detection–based chaos level test was used to investigate the performances of different voice classification methods. Voice signals were constructed by varying the signal-to-noise ratio to establish differing signal chaos conditions.

Results
Chaos level increased sigmoidally with increasing noise power. Jitter and shimmer performed optimally when the chaos level was less than or equal to 0.01, whereas correlation dimension was capable of analyzing signals with chaos levels of less than or equal to 0.0179. Spectrum convergence ratio demonstrated proficiency in analyzing voice signals with all chaos levels investigated in this study.

Conclusion
The results of this study corroborate the performance relationships observed in previous studies and, therefore, demonstrate the validity of the validation test method. The presented chaos level validation test could be broadly utilized to evaluate acoustic analysis methods and establish the most appropriate methodology for objective voice analysis in clinical practice.
The circumstellar environment of HD 50138 revealed by VLTI/AMBER at high angular resolution
Authors: Koutoulaki M. , Garcia Lopez R. , Natta A. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Coffey D. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Ray T. P. 
Published: May 2018

Context. HD 50138 is a Herbig B[e] star with a circumstellar disc detected at infrared and millimeter wavelength. Its brightness makes it a good candidate for near-infrared interferometry observations.

Aims. We aim to resolve, spatially and spectrally, the continuum and hydrogen emission lines in the 2.12–2.47 micron region, to shed light on the immediate circumstellar environment of the star.

Methods. VLTI/AMBER K-band observations provide spectra, visibilities, differential phases, and closure phases along three long baselines for the continuum, and H I emission in Brγ and five high-n Pfund lines. By computing the pure line visibilities, we derive the angular size of the different line-emitting regions. A simple local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model was created to constrain the physical conditions of H I emitting region.

Results. The continuum region cannot be reproduced by a geometrical two-dimensional (2D) elongated Gaussian fitting model. We estimate the size of the region to be 1 au. We find the detected hydrogen lines (Brγ and Pfund lines) come from a more compact region of size 0.4 au. The Brγ line exhibits an S-shaped differential phase, indicative of rotation. The continuum and Brγ line closure phases show offsets of ~ −25 ± 5° and 20 ± 10° respectively. This is evidence of an asymmetry in their origin, but with opposing directions. We find that we cannot converge on constraints for the HI physical parameters without a more detailed model.

Conclusions. Our analysis reveals that HD 50138 hosts a complex circumstellar environment. Its continuum emission cannot be reproduced by a simple disc brightness distribution. Similarly, several components must be evoked to reproduce the interferometric observables within the Brγ line. Combining the spectroscopic and interferometric data of the Brγ and Pfund lines favours an origin in a wind region with a large opening angle. Finally, although we cannot exclude the possibility that HD 50138 is a young star our results point to an evolved source.
Gestion orthodontique de l’inclusion horizontale des incisives maxillaires : à propos d’un cas clinique
Authors: Ben Aissa H. , Dallel I. , Sediri D. , Tobji S. , Ben Amor A. , Ben Amor F. 
Published: May 2018

L’inclusion horizontale des incisives maxillaires présente sans aucun doute un préjudice esthétique et fonctionnel important. Elle pose des difficultés de diagnostic, d’où l’intérêt du cone beam comme, d’une part, un excellent moyen de diagnostic et un guide thérapeutique et, d’autre part, une aide à la décision entre la traction orthodontique ou l’extraction et la réhabilitation prothétique. De ce fait, la mise en occlusion des incisives incluses en position horizontale constitue un défi pour l’orthodontiste.
Dans ce travail, nous présentons un cas clinique où nous avons pu tracter deux incisives maxillaires incluses.
Une approche originale du sens transversal en technique linguale
Authors: Bernard-Granger C. , Filippi R. , Cresseaux P. 
Published: May 2018

La gestion du sens transversal est essentielle pour la réussite de nos traitements orthodontiques. Elle est conditionnée au choix du bon plan de traitement et des techniques mécaniques les plus simples.
Lorsque l’insuffisance transversale est associée à d’autres dysmorphoses chez l’adulte, le praticien doit faire le choix entre un traitement chirurgical en une ou en deux phases par chirurgie primaire d’expansion.
De plus, si le patient bénéficie d’un traitement orthodontico-chirurgical avec multi-attache lingual, les moyens d’expansion et de stabilisation de l’expansion sont peu évidents techniquement.
L’objet de cet article est de présenter le cas d’un patient adulte avec insuffisance maxillaire associée à une classe III sur schéma hyperdivergent. Il est traité par une méthode orthodontico-chirurgicale en une phase. Au maxillaire, un multi-attache lingual associé à un disjoncteur FKS® a permis une expansion fiable et simple techniquement.
Tempêtes hivernales des latitudes tempérées : théories et prévisions
Authors: Rivière Gwendal , Arbogast Philippe 
Published: May 2018

De nombreuses zones d’ombre demeurent encore sur notre connaissance de la dynamique des tempêtes hivernales, et ce, malgré une demande sociétale toujours accrue pour améliorer leur prévision à courte échéance ou encore pour estimer leur évolution dans le climat futur.
L’article commence par une explication du mécanisme principal permettant le développement d’une tempête, et par un rappel des caractéristiques des dernières tempêtes ayant touché la France. Dans une seconde partie, on présente les problèmes de prévisibilité liés aux incertitudes sur les conditions initiales, et les différentes stratégies employées par les centres opérationnels de prévision du temps pour prendre en compte ces incertitudes.
La lumière au bout du tunnel, ou comment concentrer et séparer des microalgues en combinant lumière et écoulement
Authors: Rafaï Salima , Peyla Philippe 
Published: May 2018

La microalgue verte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamy) est capable de se déplacer au sein de son environnement liquide à l’aide de ses deux flagelles. Chlamy possède un « stigma » – l’oeil le plus simple du monde biologique – qui lui permet d’être phototactique, c’est-à-dire de pouvoir se diriger vers une source lumineuse.
Nous décrirons ici le phénomène de photofocalisation par lequel, grâce à un écoulement et de la lumière, les microalgues sont amenées à se concentrer spontanément au centre d'un canal. En outre, nous montrerons comment les propriétés de ce micronageur peuvent être généralisées à d’autres systèmes et ainsi contribuer à une compréhension plus globale des écoulements de matière active.
Pedicle distraction increases intervertebral and spinal canal area in a cadaver and bone model
Authors: Hughes Matthew , Papadakos Nikolaos , Bishop Tim , Bernard Jason 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Lumbar spinal stenosis is degenerative narrowing of the spinal canal and/or intervertebral foramen causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Traditional decompression techniques can often cause significant trauma and vertebral instability. This paper evaluates a method of increasing pedicle length to decompress the spinal and intervertebral foramen, which could be done minimally invasive.
Methods: Three Sawbone (Sawbones Europe, Sweden) and 1 cadaveric lumbar spine underwent bilateral pedicle distraction at L4. A pedicle channel was drilled between the superior articular process and transverse process into the vertebral body. The pedicles underwent osteotomy at the midpoint. Screws were inserted bilaterally and fixated distraction of 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm. CT images were taken at each level of distraction. Foramen area was measured in the sagittal plane at L3/4. Spinal canal area was measured at L4 in the axial images. The cadaver was used to evaluate safety of osteotomy and soft tissue interactions preventing distraction. Statistical analysis was by student paired t-test and Pearson rank test.
Results: Increasing distraction led to greater Spinal canal area. From 4.27 cm2 to 5.72 cm2 (p = 0.002) with 6 mm distraction. A Maximal increase of 34.1%. Vertebral foramen area also increased with increasing pedicle distraction. From 2.43 cm2 to 3.22 cm2 (p = 0.022) with 6 mm distraction. A maximal increase of 32.3%. The cadaver spinal canal increased in area by 21.7%. The vertebral foramen increased in area by 36.2% (left) and 22.6% (right).
Discussion: For each increase in pedicle distraction the area of the spinal and vertebral foramen increases. Pedicle distraction could potentially be used to alleviate spinal stenosis and root impingement. A potential osteotomy plane could be at the midpoint of the pedicle with minimal risk to nerve roots and soft tissue restrictions to prevent distraction.
ACTIVDISPENS – Bewegung trotz Sportdispens
Authors: Perrot Guido , Runge Lisa 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMit dem Fortschritt der Medizin und den besseren Hygienestandards hat sich die Haupttodesursache in den westlichen Ländern in Vergleich zum Mittelalter
verändert. Heutzutage zählen die nicht übertragbaren Krankheiten (auch bekannt als chronische Krankheiten oder noncommunicable diseases, NCD) zu den häufigsten
Todesursachen der Schweizer Bevölkerung. Laut Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) leiden 2,2 Millionen Menschen in der Schweiz an NCDs 2; das entspricht einem Viertel der Bevölkerung. Aufgrund von aufwendigen, teuren und vor allem zeitlich unbestimmt langen Therapien stellen
chronische Krankheiten eine große Herausforderung für die Ökonomie und Gesundheit der westlichen Gesellschaft dar. Das BAG berichtet des Weiteren, dass allein
2011 die Behandlung der fünf häufigsten NCDs 25,6 Milliarden Franken kostete, was rund 40 % der direkten Schweizer Gesundheitskosten entspricht 2. Neben Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Krebs, Diabetes mellitus und chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen zählen auch die
Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates dazu. Bestimmte Risikofaktoren verstärken und beschleunigen diese Zustände. Ein ungesunder Lebensstil und mangelnde Bewegung
gehören zu den größten Risikofaktoren 2.Anmerkung: ACTIVDISPENS® ist eine geschützte Marke.
Kein Roboter kann die Pflege ersetzen
Authors: Schmidt Maximilian 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungLängst hat die Technik Einzug in die Krankenhäuser gehalten – elektronische Datenverarbeitung und Überwachungssysteme sind aus dem Klinikalltag nicht mehr
wegzudenken. Und die Entwicklung schreitet weiter voran. Sind technische Assistenzsysteme denkbar, die in der Lage sind, Pflegeaufgaben zu übernehmen? Was würde
das für die Pflege bedeuten?
Detection of clinically relevant serrated polyps during screening colonoscopy: results from seven cooperating centers within the German colorectal screening program
Authors: Schramm Christoph , Janhsen Katharina , Hofer Jan-Hinnerk , Toermer Hans , Stelzer Annette , Stenschke Frank , Stollenwerk Michael , Scheller Ingo , Lang Sonja , Goeser Tobias , Steffen Hans-Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background Serrated polyps have been recognized as precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC) via the serrated pathway. Endoscopic detection and histopathological evaluation of serrated polyps are challenging. The aims of this study were to determine detection rates of the recently proposed entity of clinically relevant serrated polyps (crSPs) and to identify factors that influence their detection in a primary colonoscopy screening cohort.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed average-risk screening colonoscopies performed at a tertiary academic hospital and six community-based private practices in Germany between 01/01/2012 and 14/12/2016. Exclusion criteria were age < 50 years, conditions with increased risk for CRC (e. g. inflammatory bowel disease, history of CRC, hereditary cancer syndromes), and incomplete procedures. CrSPs were defined as serrated polyps ≥ 10 mm and/or > 5 mm located proximally to the splenic flexure. Conventional adenomas were defined as adenomas excluding serrated polyps.
Results A total of 4161 colonoscopies from average-risk individuals were included (median age 62 years [interquartile range 56 – 69]; 48.6 % male). CrSPs were detected in 6.9 %, with a mean detection rate of 4.7 % (95 % confidence interval 2.3 % – 7.2 %). Detection rates ranged from 0 % to 16.2 %. In multivariate analysis, simultaneous detection of conventional adenomas and an endoscopist adenoma detection rate of ≥ 25 % were significantly associated with increased detection of crSPs, with odds ratios of 1.43 (95 %CI 1.11 – 1.85; P = 0.01) and 7.35 (95 %CI 4.43 – 12.19; P < 0.001). The individual endoscopist’s detection rate for conventional adenomas and crSPs were significantly correlated (r = 0.54, P = 0.02).
Conclusion Detection rates for crSPs differed between participating endoscopists. However, individual skills to detect polypoid lesions have a relevant bearing on the detection rate of crSPs.