bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished Kinesthetic and Visual Motor Imagery Ability in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: La Touche Roy , Grande‐Alonso Mónica , Cuenca‐Martínez Ferran , Gónzález‐Ferrero Luis , Suso‐Martí Luis , Paris‐Alemany Alba 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal problem among adults. It has been observed that patients with chronic pain have maladaptive neuroplastic changes and difficulty in imagination processes.ObjectiveTo assess the ability of patients with chronic LBP (CLBP) to generate kinesthetic and visual motor images and the time they spent on this mental task compared with asymptomatic participants.DesignA prospective, cross‐sectional study.SettingPrimary health care center in Madrid, Spain.ParticipantsA total of 200 participants were classified into 2 groups: asymptomatic participants (n = 100) and patients with CLBP (n = 100).MethodsAfter consenting to participate, all recruited participants received a sociodemographic questionnaire, a set of self‐report measures and completed the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire.Main Outcomes MeasurementsVisual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Ability using the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire. A mental chronometry using a stopwatch and psychosocial variables using self‐reported questionnaires.ResultsOur results indicated that patients with CLBP had difficulty generating kinesthetic and visual motor images and also took a longer time to imagine them. A regression analysis indicated that in the CLBP group, the predictor variable for fear of activity and coping symptom self‐efficacy was visual motor imagery (explaining 16.2% of the variance); however, the predictor variable for LBP disability and pain management self‐efficacy was kinesthetic motor imagery (explaining 17.8% of the variance).ConclusionsIt appears that patients with CLBP have greater difficulty generating visual and kinesthetic motor images compared with asymptomatic participants, and they also need more time to perform these mental tasks.Level of EvidenceII
Longitudinal Pochhammer — Chree Waves in Mild Auxetics and Non-Auxetics
Authors: Ilyashenko A. V. , Kuznetsov S. V. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe exact solutions of Pochhammer — Chree equation for propagating harmonic waves in isotropic elastic cylindrical rods, are analyzed. Spectral analysis of the matrix dispersion equation for the longitudinal axially symmetric modes is performed. Analytical expressions for displacement fields are obtained. Variation of the wave polarization due to variation of Poisson’s ratio for mild auxetics (Poisson’s ratio is greater than -0.5) is analyzed and compared with the non-auxetics. It is observed that polarization of the waves for both considered cases (auxetics and non-auxetics) exhibits abnormal behavior in the vicinity of the bulk shear wave speed.
Optical Identification of the Millisecond Pulsar J0621+2514
Authors: Karpova A. V. , Zyuzin D. A. , Shibanov Yu. A. , Kirichenko A. Yu. , Zharikov S. V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing the SDSS and Pan-STARRS1 survey data, we found a likely companion of the recently discovered binary γ-ray radio-loud millisecond pulsar J0621+2514. Its visual brightness is about 22 mag. The broadband magnitudes and colours suggest that this is a white dwarf. Comparing the data with various white dwarfs evolutionary tracks, we found that it likely belongs to a class of He-core white dwarfs with a temperature of about 10 000 K and a mass of ≲ 0.5 M⊙. For a thin hydrogen envelope of the white dwarf, its cooling age is ≲ 0.5 Gyr which is smaller than the pulsar characteristic age of 1.8 Gyr. This may indicate that the pulsar age is overestimated. Otherwise, this may be explained by the presence of a thick hydrogen envelope or a low metallicity of the white dwarf progenitor.
Healthy functioning as the key to fairness in a divinely determined world
Authors: HERSHENOV DAVID B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDefending a traditional conception of Hell against the charge of unfairness is difficult for any theorist. It would seem to be even more difficult for the Christian semi-compatibilist who believes we can be responsible when determined. If God determined the wrongdoer's choices, then it seems unfair that he is punished for his actions that were manipulated rather than autonomous. I'll argue that healthy mental functioning can explain how some causally determined actions are manipulative while others are under our control. I'll also argue that God can punish even if He lacks the standing to blame.
UNA CONCHA ESGRAFIADA TOLTECA: APUNTES TECNOLÓGICOS E ICONOGRÁFICOS
Authors: Bernal Stephen Castillo , Castro Adrián Velázquez , Maldonado Norma Valentín 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEn este artículo realizamos un análisis tecnológico de una concha esgrafiada tolteca, recientemente excavada en las periferias de la antigua ciudad de Tula, Hidalgo, México. Asimismo, efectuamos un análisis iconográfico de los motivos esgrafiados en la pieza. Proponemos la técnica de manufactura del objeto, su probable lugar de producción, así como la función ritual que el objeto pudo tener. Así, postulamos que la concha representa a un integrante de los linajes hegemónicos de Tula y que la inhumación del objeto pudo ser similar a los dones depositados en La Casa de las Águilas, en México-Tenochtitlan.
What is the Optimal Age for Students to Receive Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training?
Authors: He Ding-xiu , Huang Kai-sen , Yang YI , Jiang Wei , Yang Nan-lan , Yang Hu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTraining students has been proven to be the optimal way to deliver cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills. However, it is somehow unknown whether or not the current recommendations appropriate for Caucasian students are also suitable for East Asian students. The purpose of this study is to explore the best age for East Asian students to receive CPR training.MethodsStudents were recruited from six schools. Students participated in a standard CPR training program provided by tutors. Each student attended a 60-minute training session with a manikin. After being trained, within one hour, the student’s compression quality was assessed.ResultsA total of 360 students who constituted 12 continuous grades were recruited for this study. Adequate compression depth and satisfactory compression rate with correct hand position could be achieved since the age of 12. However, successful compression rate and complete release could be achieved since the younger age of six.ConclusionsCurrent recommendations for Caucasian students to cultivate a full-capacity CPR rescuer at the age of 12 are also appropriate for East Asian students. However, the optimal age for students to receive CPR training should be decided based on evidence and importance assessment of CPR.He D, Huang K, Yang Y, Jiang W, Yang N, Yang H. What is the optimal age for students to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation training? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):394–398.
A New Assessment of Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea: Surface Features, Three‐Dimensional Structures, and Thermohaline Transports
Authors: He Qingyou , Zhan Haigang , Cai Shuqun , He Yinghui , Huang Gaolong , Zhan Weikang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy analyzing 22 years (1993–2015) of daily eddy data, statistics of surface eddy properties were refreshed in the South China Sea. More than 7,000 of historical Argo profiles were collocated into eddy‐centered coordinates to reveal the composite mean three‐dimensional structure of eddies. The results indicate that eddies of both polarities have long conical shape, with a maximum (minimum) density anomaly of 0.55 kg/m3 (−0.51 kg/m3) at 60 m (90 m) in the composite cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy. Temperature and salinity anomalies also peak at eddy cores, with values of −1.5 °C and 0.15 psu in the cyclonic eddy and 1.4 °C and −0.16 psu in the anticyclonic eddy. The temperature and density anomalies extend vertically to 400–500 m, while the salinity anomalies are apparent only in the upper 150 m. The temperature anomalies contribute about 90% of the density anomalies. Mixed layer depths in cyclonic eddies are on average 15 m shallower than those in anticyclonic eddies. The rotation of the composite cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy generates meridional heat transport of 1.4 × 1012 W (−3.1 × 1012 W) and salt transport of −4.0 × 104 kg/s (5.6 × 104 kg/s). More than 90% of the heat and salt transports are concentrated in the upper 300 and 100 m, respectively. Compared to the meridional transports, the westward propagation of eddies results in zonal heat and salt transports on the same orders of magnitudes. The westward propagation of eddies also generates a basin‐scale westward water transport of 1.4 Sv, equivalent to about 30% of the annual‐mean Luzon Strait transport.
Initiation and Evolution of Elevated Convection in a Nocturnal Squall Line Along the Meiyu Front
Authors: He Zhiwei , Zhang Qinghong , Zhao Kun , Hu Huiqin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObservations and analyses from the Variational Doppler Radar Assimilation and Analysis System (VDRAS) were used to investigate the convection initiation mechanism of a nocturnal squall line along the Meiyu Front over central East China on 11–12 July 2014. The squall line occurred on the warm side of the Meiyu Front. The main convection in the squall line was initiated along a mesoscale convergence line above a stable boundary layer at about 2330 local standard time (LST) on 11 July. The convergence line intensified due to enhancement of southerly winds. Momentum budget analyses further revealed that the enhancement of the southerly winds was mainly contributed by an increasing horizontal pressure gradient term, which was associated with the eastward movement of a preexisting mesoscale vortex above the boundary layer and the strengthening of subtropical high. In the early morning of 12 July, a jump propagation of the squall line occurred. As the squall line matured, surface cold pools strengthened due to diabatic heating (most likely evaporative cooling). Then new convection began to initiate in front of the surface cold pools. During the jump propagation of the squall line, the elevated convection in the squall line transitioned to surface‐based convection. This is the first study demonstrating the occurrence of elevated convection along the Meiyu Front and its transitioning to surface‐based convection by jump propagation.
Typhoon‐Enhanced Silicon and Nitrogen Exports in a Mountainous Catchment
Authors: Su Ni , Yang Shouye , Xie Xiaolei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTropical storms play a profound role in driving global terrestrial material from continents to oceans. We investigated the continuous changes in the major ion chemistry, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of water (δD and δ18O), nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−), and radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) for the Mulanxi River catchment in southeast China when a strong typhoon made landfall on the coasts to acquire a rapid increase in river discharge (~50 times). High rates of carbonate weathering and thus CO2 consumption during an intense precipitation event suggested the increased active weathering of carbonate minerals, while the release of silicate solute‐rich soil waters during the storm could induce a greater relative contribution of surface weathering to the solute load, rather than active weathering of silicate bedrock. The related total dissolved Si flux of 940 t accounted for ~5.8% of the whole year, particularly revealing a flux contribution of the Si‐rich soil waters for 37% at least. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in δ18O‐NO3− and a slight decrease in δ15N‐NO3− after the storm, whereas the concentrations of major elements overall recovered to pretyphoon levels. We infer that the posttyphoon change in the nitrate isotopic composition is caused by the coupled effects of nitrification and denitrification processes at the sediment‐water interface, which thus modify isotopic compositions. This work expands our understanding of extreme climate events that may play in element sources and cycling processes in rivers.
Exploiting limited valence patchy particles to understand autocatalytic kinetics
Authors: Corezzi Silvia , Sciortino Francesco , De Michele Cristiano 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAutocatalysis, i.e., the speeding up of a reaction through the very same molecule which is produced, is common in chemistry, biophysics, and material science. Rate-equation-based approaches are often used to model the time dependence of products, but the key physical mechanisms behind the reaction cannot be properly recognized. Here, we develop a patchy particle model inspired by a bicomponent reactive mixture and endowed with adjustable autocatalytic ability. Such a coarse-grained model captures all general features of an autocatalytic aggregation process that takes place under controlled and realistic conditions, including crowded environments. Simulation reveals that a full understanding of the kinetics involves an unexpected effect that eludes the chemistry of the reaction, and which is crucially related to the presence of an activation barrier. The resulting analytical description can be exported to real systems, as confirmed by experimental data on epoxy–amine polymerizations, solving a long-standing issue in their mechanistic description.
Metallization and molecular dissociation of dense fluid nitrogen
Authors: Jiang Shuqing , Holtgrewe Nicholas , Lobanov Sergey S. , Su Fuhai , Mahmood Mohammad F. , McWilliams R. Stewart , Goncharov Alexander F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiatomic nitrogen is an archetypal molecular system known for its exceptional stability and complex behavior at high pressures and temperatures, including rich solid polymorphism, formation of energetic states, and an insulator-to-metal transformation coupled to a change in chemical bonding. However, the thermobaric conditions of the fluid molecular–polymer phase boundary and associated metallization have not been experimentally established. Here, by applying dynamic laser heating of compressed nitrogen and using fast optical spectroscopy to study electronic properties, we observe a transformation from insulating (molecular) to conducting dense fluid nitrogen at temperatures that decrease with pressure and establish that metallization, and presumably fluid polymerization, occurs above 125 GPa at 2500 K. Our observations create a better understanding of the interplay between molecular dissociation, melting, and metallization revealing features that are common in simple molecular systems.
A mosaic monoploid reference sequence for the highly complex genome of sugarcane
Authors: Garsmeur Olivier , Droc Gaetan , Antonise Rudie , Grimwood Jane , Potier Bernard , Aitken Karen , Jenkins Jerry , Martin Guillaume , Charron Carine , Hervouet Catherine , Costet Laurent , Yahiaoui Nabila , Healey Adam , Sims David , Cherukuri Yesesri , Sreedasyam Avinash , Kilian Andrzej , Chan Agnes , Van Sluys Marie-Anne , Swaminathan Kankshita , Town Christopher , Bergès Hélène , Simmons Blake , Glaszmann Jean Christophe , van der Vossen Edwin , Henry Robert , Schmutz Jeremy , D’Hont Angélique 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a major crop for sugar and bioenergy production. Its highly polyploid, aneuploid, heterozygous, and interspecific genome poses major challenges for producing a reference sequence. We exploited colinearity with sorghum to produce a BAC-based monoploid genome sequence of sugarcane. A minimum tiling path of 4660 sugarcane BAC that best covers the gene-rich part of the sorghum genome was selected based on whole-genome profiling, sequenced, and assembled in a 382-Mb single tiling path of a high-quality sequence. A total of 25,316 protein-coding gene models are predicted, 17% of which display no colinearity with their sorghum orthologs. We show that the two species, S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, involved in modern cultivars differ by their transposable elements and by a few large chromosomal rearrangements, explaining their distinct genome size and distinct basic chromosome numbers while also suggesting that polyploidization arose in both lineages after their divergence.
Intermedin protects against sepsis by concurrently re-establishing the endothelial barrier and alleviating inflammatory responses
Authors: Xiao Fei , Wang Denian , Kong Lingmiao , Li Min , Feng Zhongxue , Shuai Bingxing , Wang Lijun , Wei Yong’gang , Li Hongyu , Wu Sisi , Tan Chun , Zhao Huan , Hu Xuejiao , Liu Jin , Kang Yan , Liao Xuelian , Zhou Yan , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Widespread vascular hyperpermeability and a “cytokine storm” are two pathophysiological hallmarks of sepsis. Here, we show that intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin family, alleviates organ injury and decreases mortality in septic mice by concurrently alleviating vascular leakage and inflammatory responses. IMD promotes the relocation of vascular endothelial cadherin through a Rab11-dependent pathway to dynamically repair the disrupted endothelial junction. Additionally, IMD decreases inflammatory responses by reducing macrophage infiltration via downregulating CCR2 expression. IMD peptide administration ameliorates organ injuries and significantly improves the survival of septic mice, and the experimental results correlate with the clinical data. Patients with high IMD levels exhibit a lower risk of shock, lower severity scores, and greatly improved survival outcomes than those with low IMD levels. Based on our data, IMD may be an important self-protective factor in response to sepsis.
ETS transcription factors induce a unique UV damage signature that drives recurrent mutagenesis in melanoma
Authors: Mao Peng , Brown Alexander J. , Esaki Shingo , Lockwood Svetlana , Poon Gregory M. K. , Smerdon Michael J. , Roberts Steven A. , Wyrick John J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecurrent mutations are frequently associated with transcription factor (TF) binding sites (TFBS) in melanoma, but the mechanism driving mutagenesis at TFBS is unclear. Here, we use a method called CPD-seq to map the distribution of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) across the human genome at single nucleotide resolution. Our results indicate that CPD lesions are elevated at active TFBS, an effect that is primarily due to E26 transformation-specific (ETS) TFs. We show that ETS TFs induce a unique signature of CPD hotspots that are highly correlated with recurrent mutations in melanomas, despite high repair activity at these sites. ETS1 protein renders its DNA binding targets extremely susceptible to UV damage in vitro, due to binding-induced perturbations in the DNA structure that favor CPD formation. These findings define a mechanism responsible for recurrent mutations in melanoma and reveal that DNA binding by ETS TFs is inherently mutagenic in UV-exposed cells.
Altered thymic differentiation and modulation of arthritis by invariant NKT cells expressing mutant ZAP70
Authors: Zhao Meng , Svensson Mattias N. D. , Venken Koen , Chawla Ashu , Liang Shu , Engel Isaac , Mydel Piotr , Day Jeremy , Elewaut Dirk , Bottini Nunzio , Kronenberg Mitchell 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVarious subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. Here we show that hypomorphic alleles of Zap70 or chemical inhibition of Zap70 catalysis leads to an increase of IFN-γ-producing iNKT cells (NKT1 cells), suggesting that NKT1 cells may require a lower TCR signal threshold. Zap70 mutant mice develop IL-17-dependent arthritis. In a mouse experimental arthritis model, NKT17 cells are increased as the disease progresses, while NKT1 numbers negatively correlates with disease severity, with this protective effect of NKT1 linked to their IFN-γ expression. NKT1 cells are also present in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. Our data therefore suggest that TCR signal strength during thymic differentiation may influence not only IFN-γ production, but also the protective function of iNKT cells in arthritis.
Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Wesselhoeft R. Alexander , Kowalski Piotr S. , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) has broad potential for application in biological systems. However, one fundamental limitation to its use is its relatively short half-life in biological systems. Here we develop exogenous circular RNA (circRNA) to extend the duration of protein expression from full-length RNA messages. First, we engineer a self-splicing intron to efficiently circularize a wide range of RNAs up to 5 kb in length in vitro by rationally designing ubiquitous accessory sequences that aid in splicing. We maximize translation of functional protein from these circRNAs in eukaryotic cells, and we find that engineered circRNA purified by high performance liquid chromatography displays exceptional protein production qualities in terms of both quantity of protein produced and stability of production. This study pioneers the use of exogenous circRNA for robust and stable protein expression in eukaryotic cells and demonstrates that circRNA is a promising alternative to linear mRNA.
Highly stretchable and transparent ionic conducting elastomers
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhu Tianxiang , Gao Guoxin , Zhang Xinyu , Wei Wei , Liu Wenfeng , Ding Shujiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTraditional elastomers are mostly dielectrics; existing conductive elastomers are conductive composites with electric conductors. Herein, we introduce a series of ionic conducting elastomers (ICE) by salt in polymer strategy. The ICEs possess good stretchability, transparency and ionic conductivity. Moreover, the ICEs exhibit very high stability in air, under high temperature and voltage, with excellent adhesion properties and no corrosive effects to metal electrodes. Touch sensors are fabricated using these ICEs—impedance spectra and impedance complex plane are tested and analyzed to clarify different stimulus of the touch sensors. These ICEs provide possibilities for flexible electronics and soft machines.
PID/WAG-mediated phosphorylation of the Arabidopsis PIN3 auxin transporter mediates polarity switches during gravitropism
Authors: Grones Peter , Abas Melinda , Hajný Jakub , Jones Angharad , Waidmann Sascha , Kleine-Vehn Jürgen , Friml Jiří 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntercellular distribution of the plant hormone auxin largely depends on the polar subcellular distribution of the plasma membrane PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters. PIN polarity switches in response to different developmental and environmental signals have been shown to redirect auxin fluxes mediating certain developmental responses. PIN phosphorylation at different sites and by different kinases is crucial for PIN function. Here we investigate the role of PIN phosphorylation during gravitropic response. Loss- and gain-of-function mutants in PINOID and related kinases but not in D6PK kinase as well as mutations mimicking constitutive dephosphorylated or phosphorylated status of two clusters of predicted phosphorylation sites partially disrupted PIN3 phosphorylation and caused defects in gravitropic bending in roots and hypocotyls. In particular, they impacted PIN3 polarity rearrangements in response to gravity and during feed-back regulation by auxin itself. Thus PIN phosphorylation, besides regulating transport activity and apical-basal targeting, is also important for the rapid polarity switches in response to environmental and endogenous signals.