bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in skin camouflaging techniques: Where are we scientifically?
Authors: Derbyshire E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveCutaneous disorders can impact on the psycho‐social well‐being of children and adults alike, which has been reviewed elsewhere (Body Image 27, 2018 and 98). The present review sets out to evaluate progressions in skin masking and camouflaging techniques together with evaluating the efficacy of these. There does not appear to have been any recent reviews about innovations in skin camouflaging techniques.MethodsUsing the National Centre for Biotechnology Information PubMed database, a search was made for all studies published between 2000 and 2019 that met defined inclusion criteria. A total of seven relevant publications were identified.ResultsOf the seven studies identified, skin camouflaging improved quality of life in three studies and reduced anxiety, depression and social isolation in others. Of the camouflaging methods used, liquidized simulated second skin technology (Microskin™) appears to look particularly promising. This method of colour matching and a spray/stippling application uses a technology that binds to the epidermis of the skin helping to overcome previous concerns about the colour, coverage and application of camouflage and masking bases. Two studies showed that this innovative mode of camouflaging raised confidence, feelings of happiness and social experiences in children and adolescents with burn scarring. Very few studies reported drawbacks of camouflaging techniques, with limited colour matches and ‘itching’ appearing to be the main shortcomings. New technologies now appear to be addressing these.ConclusionResults show that there is wide variation in the quality and modes of skin camouflaging. Of the methods used, simulated second skin technology appears to be an important and effective therapy for individuals with cutaneous skin disorders. Training schemes along with increased awareness of this technique must now be communicated to medical professionals who come into contact with children and adults who could benefit physically, psychologically and socially from this therapy.
A novel low‐permittivity LiAl0.98(Zn0.5Si0.5)0.02O2‐based microwave dielectric ceramics for LTCC application
Authors: Lan Xue‐Kai , Li Jie , Wang Fei , Wang Xiaohong , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Hu Ming-Zhe , Lei Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhase composition, morphology, and microwave dielectric properties of (1−x) LiAl0.98(Zn0.5Si0.5)0.02O2 + x CaTiO3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) materials synthesized via the solid state reaction method were investigated. All these densified materials were obtained at a sintering temperature of 1150°C. All compositions showed a major LiAlO2 phase that was accompanied by a minor CaTiO3 phase. The εr value increased gradually from 10.88 to 11.60, whereas the Q × f value remarkably decreased from 33 251 GHz to 13 511 GHz. The τf value changes from −85 ppm/°C to 212 ppm/°C, thereby indicating that CaTiO3 could effectively adjust this value. HBO3‐doping was used to further decrease the sintering temperature to 900°C. The optimum value was obtained at 7 wt.% HBO3 doped with microwave dielectric properties of εr = 9.39, Q × f = 10 224 GHz, and τf = −7.8 ppm/°C. This material also exhibited chemical compatibility with silver, making it a candidate for low temperature co‐fired ceramics applications.
Leveraging the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System for global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance—opportunities and challenges
Authors: Broor Shobha , Campbell Harry , Hirve Siddhivinayak , Hague Siri , Jackson Sandra , Moen Ann , Nair Harish , Palekar Rakhee , Rajatonirina Soatiana , Smith Peter G , Venter Marietjie , Wairagkar Niteen , Zambon Maria , Ziegler Thedi , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐associated acute lower respiratory infection is a common cause for hospitalization and hospital deaths in young children globally. There is urgent need to generate evidence to inform immunization policies when RSV vaccines become available. The WHO piloted a RSV surveillance strategy that leverages the existing capacities of the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) to better understand RSV seasonality, high‐risk groups, validate case definitions, and develop laboratory and surveillance standards for RSV.MethodsThe RSV sentinel surveillance strategy was piloted in 14 countries. Patients across all age groups presenting to sentinel hospitals and clinics were screened all year‐round using extended severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) case definitions for hospital and primary care settings, respectively. Respiratory specimens were tested for RSV at the National Influenza Centre (NIC) using standardized molecular diagnostics that had been validated by an External Quality Assurance program. The WHO FluMart data platform was adapted to receive case‐based RSV data and visualize interactive visualization outputs.ResultsLaboratory standards for detecting RSV by RT‐PCR were developed. A review assessed the feasibility and the low incremental costs for RSV surveillance. Several challenges were addressed related to case definitions, sampling strategies, the need to focus surveillance on young children, and the data required for burden estimation.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of any significant adverse impact on the functioning of GISRS which is primarily intended for virologic and epidemiological surveillance of influenza.
Accuracy of single molecular biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid for the diagnosis of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arias‐Bujanda Nora , Regueira‐Iglesias Alba , Balsa‐Castro Carlos , Nibali Luigi , Donos Nikos , Tomás Inmaculada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse, by means of a meta‐analytical approach, the diagnostic accuracy of molecular biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for the detection of periodontitis in systemically healthy subjects.Material and MethodsStudies on GCF molecular biomarkers providing a binary classification table (or sensitivity and specificity values and group sample sizes) in individuals with clinically diagnosed periodontitis were considered eligible. The search was performed using six electronic databases. The methodological quality of studies was assessed through the tool Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies. Meta‐analyses were performed using the Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic, which adjusts classification data using random effects logistic regression.ResultsThe included papers identified 36 potential biomarkers for the detection of periodontitis and for four of them meta‐analyses were performed. The median sensitivity and specificity were for MMP8, 76.7% and 92.0%; for elastase, 74.6% and 81.1%; for cathepsin, 72.8% and 67.3%, respectively. The worst estimates of sensitivity and specificity were for trypsin (71.3% and 66.1%, respectively).ConclusionsMMP8 showed good sensitivity and excellent specificity, which resulted in this biomarker being clinically the most useful or effective for the diagnosis of periodontitis in systemically healthy subjects, regardless of smoking condition.
An experimental test for body size‐dependent effects of male harassment and an elevated copulation rate on female lifetime fecundity and offspring performance
Authors: Iglesias‐Carrasco Maider , Fox Rebecca J. , Vega‐Trejo Regina , Jennions Michael D. , Head Megan L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany studies investigate the benefits of polyandry, but repeated interactions with males can lower female reproductive success. Interacting with males might even decrease offspring performance if it reduces a female's ability to transfer maternal resources. Male presence can be detrimental for females in two ways: by forcing females to mate at a higher rate and through costs associated with resisting male mating attempts. Teasing apart the relative costs of elevated mating rates from those of greater male harassment is critical to understand the evolution of mating strategies. Furthermore, it is important to test whether a male's phenotype, notably body size, has differential effects on female reproductive success versus the performance of offspring, and whether this is due to male body size affecting the costs of harassment or the actual mating rate. In the eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, males vary greatly in body size and continually attempt to inseminate females. We experimentally manipulated male presence (i.e., harassment), male body size and whether males could copulate. Exposure to males had strong detrimental effects on female reproductive output, growth and immune response, independent of male size or whether males could copulate. In contrast, there was a little evidence of a cross‐generational effect of male harassment or mating rate on offspring performance. Our results suggest that females housed with males pay direct costs due to reduced condition and offspring production and that these costs are not a consequence of increased mating rates. Furthermore, exposure to males does not affect offspring reproductive traits.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for genotype 6 chronic hepatitis C patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jyh‐Jou , Lee Pei‐Lun , Chiu Hung‐Chih , Tung Hung‐Da , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Cheng Pin‐Nan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimInfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 6 is uncommon in Taiwan, and reports of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) treatment for GT6 are few. This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of LDV/SOF in treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with GT6 infection.MethodsCHC patients that were infected with GT6 and treated for 12 weeks with LDV/SOF at two hospitals were enrolled. All patients were followed for an additional 12 weeks after the completion of LDV/SOF treatment. Demographics, HCV viral load, lipid and sugar profiles, and adverse events were recorded and reviewed.ResultsA total of 127 patients were enrolled. Cirrhosis was found in 68.2% of them. Sustained virological response (SVR), determined by per‐protocol analysis, was 97.6%. The SVR rates for cirrhosis versus non‐cirrhosis (96.5% vs 100%, P = 0.229) and low versus high viral load (cutoff value: 106 IU/mL; 100% vs 95.6%, P = 0.108) were similar. Following HCV clearance, significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin was present both in patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Twenty‐three (18.1%) patients exhibited adverse events, and each adverse event presented with an incidence of 0.8% to 3.1%. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were the most common. During treatment, 18 patients (14.2%) had alanine aminotransferase elevations consistent with more than grade 1 abnormalities, and none had signs of decompensation. Renal function remained unchanged.ConclusionThe high SVR and excellent safety of LDV/SOF treatment for GT6 CHC patients suggest that LDV/SOF is a favorable option for treating GT6 CHC patients in Taiwan and Asia.
Determining the current indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with Lauren mixed‐type early gastric cancer
Authors: Choi Jinju , Chung Hyunsoo , Kim Jung , Kim Jue Lie , Kim Sang Gyun , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimRecent study showed that early gastric cancer (EGC) with Lauren mixed‐type (MT) histology is associated with worse prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance of Lauren MT‐EGCs that meets the criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).MethodsWe reviewed 2665 patients with EGC who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2015. The clinicopathologic features and invasiveness including lymph node metastasis (LNM) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of MT‐EGC were compared with those of intestinal type and diffuse type by Lauren histology.ResultsAmong 2665 patients, EGCs in 241 (9%) patients were classified as MT. Tumor size was larger and depth of invasion was greater than other histology. Among patients with MT‐EGC, 16.6% (40/241) showed LNM and 22.8% (55/241) showed lymphatic invasion, which were significantly higher than that of patients with other Lauren types (8.2% and 15.3% in intestinal type and 9.1% and 8.7% in diffuse type, P < 0.001). This finding remained significant even after adjusting for depth of invasion. However, when we analyzed the patient groups who met the absolute or expanded criteria of ESD, no significant difference was observed in the rates of LNM or LVI or cancer mortality by Lauren classification.ConclusionMixed‐type early gastric cancer (MT‐EGC) exhibited larger tumor size, greater depth of invasion, and higher risk of LNM and LVI. However, among the patients who met the absolute or expanded criteria of ESD, no significant difference was observed in LNM, LVI, and gastric cancer mortality risk.
Patient perception of beauty on social media: Professional and bioethical obligations in esthetics
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Rieder Evan A. , Schoenberg Elizabeth , Zachary Christopher B. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, social media use has skyrocketed, especially with millennials. The use of filtered images and photo editing has led to a new trend of social media‐induced dissatisfaction with appearance, termed “snapchat dysmorphia” and “selfie dysmorphia”. It is important for practitioners to recognize and understand this trend in addition to knowing how to manage these patients. As clinicians, we have bioethical and professional obligations to educate ourselves on new and relevant trends, ensure adequate patient safety, and advocate for continued consumer education.
Self‐reported dry mouth in 50‐ to 80‐year‐old Swedes: Longitudinal and cross‐sectional population studies
Authors: Johansson Ann‐Katrin , Johansson Anders , Unell Lennart , Ekbäck Gunnar , Ordell Sven , Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractXerostomia is a common condition among elderly. The objectives were to examine prevalence, persistence, progression, yearly incidence of xerostomia, associated background factors and its influence on oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) in 50‐ to 80‐year‐old people. In 1992, a questionnaire was sent to all 50‐year‐old (n = 8888) and in 2007 to all 75‐year‐old persons (n = 5195) living in two Swedish counties. In 2012, the same questionnaire was sent to both age cohorts, now 70‐ and 80‐year‐old. Response rate was for the 50‐, 70‐ 75‐ and 80‐year‐old groups 71.4%, 72.2%, 71.9% and 66.4%, respectively. In the 50‐ to 70‐year‐old sample, 40.3% of the participants answered all five examinations and in the 75‐80 group 49.5% (intact samples). In all age groups, xerostomia was significantly more prevalent in women than in men. At age 80, “often mouth dryness at night” was reported by 24.3% and 16.2% of women and men, respectively. Prevalence increased with age and was more frequent at night‐time. Persistence of xerostomia was reported by 61.4%‐77.5%, progression by 11.5%‐33.0% and remission by 5.7%‐11.3%. Average yearly incidence was 0.99%‐3.28%. Xerostomia was more prevalent in those who reported a negative impact on OIDP. Highest odd ratios for xerostomia were burning mouth (OR 12.0), not feeling healthy (OR 5.1) and medicine usage (OR 3.9). Xerostomia is common in older age, persistence is high and progression common. The comorbidity between xerostomia, oral health problems and impaired general health needs to be taken into consideration when providing dental care to elderly patients.
Manipulation of vegetation with activated carbon reveals the role of root exudates in shaping native grassland communities
Authors: Nettan Siim , Thetloff Marge , Lepik Anu , Semchenko Marina , Zobel Kristjan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuestionPlant community assembly has traditionally been viewed from the perspective of plant resource niches and competition and, more recently, facilitation in stressful environments. However, plants also engage in biotic interactions with neighbours and soil microbiome by producing chemically diverse root exudates. Root exudates have the potential to affect plant community productivity and composition by mediating plant interactions, fostering beneficial microbial interactions and affecting nutrient cycling. However, empirical evidence for the role of root exudates in plant community dynamics is still lacking, particularly under field conditions.LocationTwo calcareous grasslands in Western Estonia, Europe.MethodsWe tested the role of root exudates in shaping plant community productivity and composition by applying activated carbon powder, known to adsorb root exudates from soil solution, to two intact species‐rich grasslands. The experiment continued for four years and was combined with fertiliser application.ResultsWe found that the application of activated carbon triggered significant changes in root morphology, plant productivity and growth form composition that were distinct from the effects of fertilisation. Community responses were site‐specific and varied with the duration of activated carbon application. Activated carbon addition increased the production of finer roots in a community with shallow soil in the first year of the experiment and significantly reduced above‐ground productivity at both sites by the end of the fourth growth season. The application of activated carbon promoted legume abundance at both sites and suppressed forb dominance at the site with shallow soil.ConclusionOur findings suggest that chemical interactions in the plant rhizosphere may play an important role in shaping grassland productivity and plant community composition. We also show that activated carbon can be used as an effective tool for manipulating plant interactions in intact grasslands occupied by long‐lived individuals.
A novel spleen‐dedicated stiffness measurement by FibroScan® improves the screening of high‐risk oesophageal varices
Authors: Stefanescu Horia , Marasco Giovanni , Calès Paul , Fraquelli Mirella , Rosselli Matteo , Ganne‐Carriè Nathalie , de Ledinghen Victor , Ravaioli Federico , Colecchia Antonio , Rusu Corina , Andreone Pietro , Mazzella Giuseppe , Festi Davide 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsSeveral non‐invasive tests (NITs) have been developed to diagnose oesophageal varices (EV), including the recent Baveno VI criteria to rule out high‐risk varices (HRV). Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) with the standard FibroScan® (SSM@50Hz) has been evaluated. However, the EV grading could be underestimated because of a ceiling threshold (75 kPa) of the SSM@50Hz. The aims were to evaluate SSM by a novel spleen‐dedicated FibroScan® (SSM@100Hz) for EV diagnosis compared with SSM@50Hz, other validated NITs and Baveno VI criteria.MethodsThis prospective multicentre study consecutively enrolled patients with chronic liver disease; blood data, endoscopy, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), SSM@50Hz and SSM@100Hz were collected.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty patients met inclusion criteria. SSM@100Hz success rate was significantly higher than that of SSM@50Hz (92.5% vs 76.0%, P < .001). SSM@100Hz accuracy for the presence of EV (AUC = 0.728) and HRV (AUC = 0.756) was higher than in other NITs. SSM@100Hz AUC for large EV (0.782) was higher than SSM@50Hz (0.720, P = .027). AUC for HRV with SSM@100Hz (0.780) was higher than with LSM (0.615, P < .001). The spared endoscopy rate of Baveno VI criteria (8.1%) was significantly increased by the combination to SSM@50Hz (26.5%) or SSM@100Hz (38.9%, P < .001 vs others). The missed HRV rate was, respectively, 0% and 4.7% for combinations.ConclusionsSSM@100Hz is a new performant non‐invasive marker for EV and HRV providing a higher accuracy than SSM@50Hz and other NITs. The combination of Baveno VI criteria and SSM@100Hz significantly increased the spared endoscopy rate compared to Baveno VI criteria alone or combined with SSM@50Hz. Clinical trial number: NCT02180113.
Clinical predictors of malignancy in palatal salivary gland tumors
Authors: Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida , do Socorro Queiroz Feio Patricia , Roza Ana Luiza Oliveira Corrêa , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Agostini Michelle , Romañach Mário José , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Pontes Helder Antonio Rebelo , Ribeiro Ana Carolina Prado , Brandão Thaís Bianca , Rocha Andre Caroli , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo establish a predictive clinical index of malignancy risk in palatal salivary gland tumors (PSGT).Materials and methodsOne hundred cases of PSGT were evaluated. Clinical data were retrieved from the patient's files. Representative clinical photographs of each tumor were evaluated to identify clinical features suggestive of a malignant tumor. Features significantly associated with malignancy were included in a binary logistic regression model.ResultsMalignant tumors were more common in the hard palate, in women and in older patients. Features associated with a malignant diagnosis included pain (p = .017), irregular surface (p = .004), bluish/purple coloration (p < .001), ulceration (p = .005), and telangiectasia (p = .015). After multivariate logistic regression, pain (OR: 4.017; 95% CI: 1.198–13.471; p = .024) and color alteration (OR: 7.243; 95% CI: 2.068–25.363; p = .002) were independently associated with malignancy. Including these factors in a predictive index, the proportion of malignant tumors in patients presenting none, one and two factors were 25% (95% CI: 0.13–0.40), 67% (95% CI: 0.48–0.83), and 85% (95% CI: 0.42–0.99), respectively.ConclusionPain and color alteration might be independent predictors of malignancy in PSGT, which could support the decision to perform an incisional or excisional biopsy.
Two B‐box proteins, PpBBX18 and PpBBX21, antagonistically regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis via competitive association with Pyrus pyrifolia ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 in the peel of pear fruit
Authors: Bai Songling , Tao Ruiyan , Yin Lei , Ni Junbei , Yang Qinsong , Yan Xinhui , Yang Feng , Guo Xianping , Li Hongxu , Teng Yuanwen 
Published: August 2019

SummaryLight is indispensable for the accumulation of anthocyanin in the peel of red pear fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is considered to be a critical regulator for induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis, but detailed characterization of its regulatory mechanism is needed. In this study, multiple genetic and biochemical approaches were applied to identify the roles of P. pyrifolia HY5 (PpHY5) and two B‐box (BBX) proteins, PpBBX18 and PpBBX21, in the transcriptional regulation of PpMYB10. The functions of the two BBX proteins were analyzed in overexpression lines using pear calli‐based approaches. On its own PpHY5 was unable to activate downstream genes. The two BBX proteins, PpBBX18 and PpBBX21, physically interacted with PpHY5 and antagonistically regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and pear. PpBBX18 formed a heterodimer with PpHY5 via two B‐box domains, in which PpHY5 bound to the G‐box motif of PpMYB10 and PpBBX18 provided the trans‐acting activity, thus inducing transcription of PpMYB10. PpBBX21 interacted with PpHY5 and PpBBX18 and hampered formation of the PpHY5–PpBBX18 active transcription activator complex, and subsequently repressed anthocyanin biosynthesis. The present results demonstrate the fine‐tuned regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis via transcriptional regulation of PpMYB10 by PpHY5‐associated proteins and provide insights into light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.