bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants of alcohol‐metabolizing enzymes in Brugada syndrome: Insights into syncope after drinking alcohol
Authors: Wu Qi , Hayashi Hideki , Hira Daiki , Sonoda Keiko , Ueshima Satoshi , Ohno Seiko , Makiyama Takeru , Terada Tomohiro , Katsura Toshiya , Miura Katsuyuki , Horie Minoru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) are known to have arrhythmic events after alcohol drinking and are recommended to avoid its excessive intake. Mechanisms underlying the alcohol‐induced cardiac events are however unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis whether activity of alcohol‐metabolizing enzymes determines fatal arrhythmic events after drinking alcohol.MethodsA total of 198 Japanese patients with BrS were enrolled in this study. These patients were classified into symptomatic (n = 90) and asymptomatic (n = 108) groups. The former was divided into an alcohol‐related group (syncope after alcohol drinking, n = 16) and an alcohol‐unrelated group (n = 74). Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine genetic variants of genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2).ResultsThe genotype distribution for ALDH2 was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups and between alcohol‐related and alcohol‐unrelated groups. The genotype distribution for ADH1B was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, but the genotype ADH1B His/His was significantly more prevalent in the alcohol‐related group than in the alcohol‐unrelated group (81.3% vs 50%, P = .023). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the genotype of ADH1B His/His was independently associated with syncope after alcohol drinking (odds ratio, 5.746; 95% confidence interval, 1.580‐28.421; P = .007).ConclusionsArrhythmic events after alcohol drinking was associated with enhanced activity of alcohol‐metabolizing enzyme ADH1B in our cohort of BrS. Therefore, the lifestyle change to avoid the excessive alcohol intake deserves attention.
[18F]‐Sodium Fluoride PET/MR Imaging for Bone–Cartilage Interactions in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Tibrewala Radhika , Bahroos Emma , Mehrabian Hatef , Foreman Sarah C. , Link Thomas M. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study characterized the distribution of [18F]‐sodium fluoride (NaF) uptake and blood flow in the femur and acetabulum in hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients to find associations between bone remodeling and cartilage composition in the presence of morphological abnormalities using simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR), quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and femur shape modeling. Ten patients underwent a [18F]‐NaF PET/MR dynamic scan of the hip simultaneously with: (i) fast spin‐echo CUBE for morphology grading and (ii) T1ρ/T2 magnetization‐prepared angle‐modulated partitioned k‐space spoiled gradient echo snapshots for cartilage, bone segmentation, bone shape modeling, and T1ρ/T2 quantification. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) and Patlak kinetic parameter (Kpat) were calculated for each patient as PET outcomes, using an automated post‐processing pipeline. Shape modeling was performed to extract the variations in bone shapes in the patients. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to study the associations between bone shapes, PET outcomes, and patient reported pain. Direct associations between quantitative MR and PET evidence of bone remodeling were established in the acetabulum and femur. Associations of shaft thickness with SUV in the femur (p = 0.07) and Kpat in the acetabulum (p = 0.02), cam deformity with acetabular score (p = 0.09), osteophytic growth on the femur head with Kpat (p = 0.01) were observed. Pain had increased correlations with SUV in the acetabulum (p = 0.14) and femur (p = 0.09) when shaft thickness was accounted for. This study demonstrated the ability of [18F]‐NaF PET‐MRI, 3D shape modeling, and quantitative MRI to investigate cartilage‐bone interactions and bone shape features in hip OA, providing potential investigative tools to diagnose OA. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 37:2671–2680, 2019
Results of Surgical and Medical Rehabilitation for Adult Patients With Type III Intestinal Failure in a Comprehensive Unit Today: Building a New Model to Predict Parenteral Nutrition Independency
Authors: Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Doeyo Mariana , Echevarria Lic Constanza , Lobos Fernando , Rubio Santiago , Rumbo Carolina , Ramisch Diego , Crivelli Adriana , Schelotto Pablo Barros , Solar Hector 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundShort‐bowel syndrome remains the primary cause of intestinal failure (IF) in adult patients. We aim to report the long‐term results of medical and surgical rehabilitation in a cohort of patients with type III IF (III‐IF) and develop a formula to predict parenteral nutrition (PN) independency.MethodsWe used a retrospective analysis of a prospective database for III‐IF patients undergoing autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction surgery (AGIRS) from March 2006 to August 2018. Analyzed variables included demographic data, postsurgical intestinal length (PSIL), postsurgical anatomy, teduglutide (TED) treatment, and PN volume reduction. Univariate analysis, Cox regression, logistic regression forward stepwise models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were done using SPSS v20.ResultsAGIRS was performed in 88 patients. The most frequent anatomy at first visit was type 1. Prevailing anatomy after surgery was type 3. Eight patients started TED; 6 achieved freedom from PN. At a mean follow‐up time of 1606.1 ± 1190.25 days, freedom from PN survival was achieved in 83%. Variables identified at the logistic regression analysis led to a novel formula to predict intestinal rehabilitation, including PSIL, presence of ileocecal valve, and use of TED as part of postsurgical treatment.ConclusionsAGIRS in this group of patients enabled intestinal length increase and also intestinal anatomy conversion into a more favorable type for intestinal rehabilitation. TED treatment was useful to discontinue PN in patients with classical negative anatomical predictors. The novel predicting formula has an ROC area under the curve = 0.82. Further studies are necessary to validate this formula.
Enteral Autonomy and Days Off Parenteral Support With Teduglutide Treatment for Short Bowel Syndrome in the STEPS Trials
Authors: Seidner Douglas L. , Gabe Simon M. , Lee Hak‐Myung , Olivier Clément , Jeppesen Palle Bekker 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTeduglutide response, in terms of parenteral support (PS) volume reduction, is associated with specific disease characteristics among adults with short bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure (SBS‐IF). Whether these associations apply to PS weaning with teduglutide is unknown.MethodsAdults with SBS‐IF treated with teduglutide in the phase III STEPS study and open‐label extensions STEPS‐2 and STEPS‐3 were included in the analysis. Patients required PS ≥ 3 times weekly for ≥ 12 months at enrollment. The study population was stratified 3 times to create 3 distinct analysis populations based on bowel anatomy, etiology, and baseline PS volume. Outcomes included characteristics of patients who achieved PS independence and total and percentage of patients who had ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 d/wk off PS at the end of STEPS, STEPS‐2, and STEPS‐3.ResultsEight of 39 patients who received teduglutide in STEPS obtained PS independence during the STEPS study series. Patients required > 6 months of teduglutide treatment before enteral autonomy was achieved, regardless of underlying disease characteristics. Patients who attained PS independence and greater numbers of days per week off PS tended to have lower baseline PS volumes and noninflammatory bowel disease (non‐IBD) etiology. Patients with ≥ 50% colon‐in‐continuity showed a trend for achieving greater numbers of days per week off PS.ConclusionAlthough this analysis was limited by low patient numbers, results suggest that SBS‐IF characteristics of lower baseline PS volume and non‐IBD etiology were associated with PS reduction benefits with teduglutide in terms of days off per week and enteral autonomy.
Parameters of Bioelectrical Impedance Are Good Predictors of Nutrition Risk, Length of Stay, and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Razzera Elisa Loch , Marcadenti Aline , Rovedder Susane Worlfarth , Alves Fernanda Donner , Fink Jaqueline da Silva , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of nutrition risk in the intensive care unit (ICU) is limited by characteristics of critically ill patients, and new methods have been investigated for their applicability and predictive validity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters as predictors of nutrition risk and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of patients admitted to an ICU. The modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill score was used for assessment of nutrition risk, and BIA was performed in the first 72 hours of admission. Phase angle (PA) measurements were obtained, and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was used to classify patients by hydration status (BIVA >70%). Patients were followed until hospital discharge and evaluated for hospital mortality, ICU length of stay, length of hospitalization, and duration of mechanical ventilation.ResultsEighty‐nine patients were included (62.5 ± 14.1 years, 50.6% female). A PA <5.5o showed an accuracy of 79% (95% CI 0.59‐0.83) in identifying patients at high nutrition risk and was associated with nearly 2 times greater risk for an ICU length of stay longer than 5 days (relative risk = 2.18 [95% CI 1.39‐3.40]). Hyperhydration was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 2.24 [95% CI 1.07‐4.68]). Higher resistance and reactance values, adjusted for height, were found in survivors compared with nonsurvivors.ConclusionThe predictive validity of BIA was satisfactory for the assessment of nutrition risk, ICU length of stay, and mortality in critically ill patients.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnostic Usefulness of Ultrasound Measurement of the Median Nerve Area and Quantitative Elastographic Measurement of the Median Nerve Stiffness
Authors: Moran Luz , Royuela Ana , de Vargas Alberto Perez , Lopez Ana , Cepeda Yamilet , Martinelli Gianluca 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo correlate the ultrasound (US) measurements of the median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) and the measurements of its stiffness by shear wave elastography (SWE) with the severity grade of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using electrodiagnostic testing (EDT) and to determine the cutoff points for CSA and SWE measurements to allow us to discriminate patients with moderate and severe CTS from those with mild or negative EDT findings.MethodsSeventy‐three patients with 105 hands with a clinical suspicion of CTS were studied with US and SWE. We measured the median nerve CSA and elasticity (E) at the tunnel inlet (CSAu and Eu), in the quadratus pronator (CSAo and Eo), and the differences (CSAu – CSAo and Eu – Eo).ResultsThe nerve area and stiffness increased according to the EDT severity of CTS; the CSA increased proportionally as CTS increased from negative to severe according to EDT, and the stiffness was not different between patients with negative and mild EDT findings but was higher in patients with moderate and severe EDT findings versus negative and mild EDT findings. The cutoff points of a CSAu of 14 mm2 or greater and an Eu – Eo of 57 kPa or greater together allowed the discrimination of moderate and severe CTS from the rest.ConclusionsThe joint use of US and SWE is an alternative to EDT in the clinical management and treatment of patients with a clinical suspicion of CTS.
Lab‐on‐a‐chip for hydrogen sulphide detection—Part I: Sulphide separation from plasma sample
Authors: Baniya Ashok , Thapa Suvhashis , Borquist Eric , Bailey Davis , Wood Deborah , Glawe John , Kevil Chris , Weiss Leland 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as an important signalling molecules due to its unique physiological and pathophysiological role in biological systems. H2S can be used as a biomarker for various diseases such as inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, neurological and gastrointestinal disease. In this work, we report H2S chip which is designed for separation of all pools of H2S from plasma samples. The chip has been designed, fabricated and characterized. It operates with liberation, separation and trapping of H2S from plasma introduced to the chip.It consists of three distinct layers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures which were bonded using 3M™ Transfer Tape. The releasing layer provides reaction surface for the liberation of H2S from the plasma sample. Releasing buffers allow release of various pools of H2S, including free, acid‐labile and total sulphide. A silicone membrane is sandwiched between releasing and trapping layer. It worked as a H2S selective membrane where gas diffusion takes place from the releasing layer to the trapping layer. The trapping layer is H2S collection chamber. The full‐chip performance was successfully characterized by derivatization of sulphide with excess MBB and analysing fluorescent product, sulphide dibimane (SDB) using the reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and fluorescence detection with eclipse XDB‐C18 column. The sulphide transfer data showed 40% free sulphide, 38% acid‐labile and 10% total sulphide transfer happens at 15 min. Performance of the chip was attributed to buffer, chip bonding technique and a silicon membrane that allows selective diffusion of hydrogen sulphide.
Superficial inferior epigastric artery‐supercharged deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap‐based breast reconstruction for a thin patient: A case report
Authors: Suh Young Chul , Ahn Ma Rhip , Kim Seong Yeon , Kim Young Jin , Lee Jung Ho 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough a bipedicled deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is widely accepted for slim patients with large breasts, we suggest DIEP flap‐based breast reconstruction in which the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) is supercharged to the branch of thoracodorsal vessel as an alternative, which has not previously been well described. We report the case of a 48‐year‐old breast cancer patient who had a normal body mass index of 23.01 and relatively thin abdominal tissue, with large and ptotic (grade II ptosis) breasts. The mastectomy specimen weighed ~890 g, and the harvested abdominal tissue weighed ~700 g with a size of 32 × 12 cm2. The elliptical‐shaped flap was inset with a 90° counterclockwise rotation, and the lower one‐third of the flap was folded to create a projection. Perfusion of flap was augmented by microvascular anastomosis between the contralateral SIEA and the serratus branch of a thoracodorsal vessel. With a supercharged DIEP flap, nearly the whole lower abdominal tissue (696 g, 99.4% of the elevated flap) could be transferred to obtain a symmetric contour, and there were no complications such as vascular obstruction, flap necrosis, and delayed wound healing during the postoperative course. Using the SIEA pedicle for contralateral abdominal perfusion with elongated branch of the thoracodorsal vessel, aesthetic inset and contouring of the reconstructed breast could be technically enhanced. The DIEP flap with the contralateral SIEA supercharged to the serratus branch of thoracodorsal vessel may be a feasible option for large ptotic breast reconstruction in thin patients.
Low Methoxyl Pectin Protects against Autoimmune Diabetes and Associated Caecal Dysfunction
Authors: Wu Chengfei , Pan Li‐Long , Luo Yang , Niu Wenying , Fang Xin , Liang Wenjie , Li Jiahong , Li Hongli , Pan Xiaohua , Yang Guilian , Chen Wei , Zhang Hao , Lakey Jonathan R. T. , Agerberth Birgitta , de Vos Paul , Sun Jia 
Published: August 2019

ScopeThis study aims to examine the protective effects of specific low‐methoxyl pectin (LMP) on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods and resultsFemale non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice are weaned onto either control or 5% LMP supplemented diets for up to 22 weeks of age. T1D incidence, gut barrier function, and pancreatic‐gut immune responses are analyzed. LMP supplementation significantly dampened the onset of T1D in NOD mice. LMP supplementation induces caecal homeostasis, as indicated by the increasing SCFAs production, higher expression of tight junction proteins claudin 1, zonula occludens‐2 in caecum. Furthermore, LMP‐mediated caecal homeostasis impacts gut‐pancreatic immunity, as evidenced by increased regulatory T cell population, modulated inflammatory cytokine expression, and suppressed NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in both caecum and pancreas.ConclusionThe data demonstrate that LMP limits T1D development by inducing caecal homeostasis to shape pancreatic immune environment, providing a scientific basis for using LMP as a novel functional supplementation to intervene T1D.
A dynamic clutter interference suppression method for multiple static human targets detection using ultra‐wideband radar
Authors: Xue Huijun , Liu Miao , Lv Hao , Jiao Teng , Li Zhao , Qi Fugui , Wang Pengfei , Wang Jianqi , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPostdisaster search and rescue is an important application of ultra‐wideband radar system, which mainly detects survivors by their respiratory‐motion response. In the application of detecting multiple human targets, owing to faint amplitude of human chest movement and high attenuation of electromagnetic wave, the motionless living human targets cannot be discriminated accurately, especially in a complex rescue condition with dynamic clutter interference. In this article, on account of the significant difference of frequency components between the echo signal of tested target and that of illusive target produced by dynamic clutter, an algorithm based on wavelet entropy is proposed. Compared with the reference algorithms of adaptive line enhancement and energy accumulation, the wavelet entropy can accurately detect multiple human targets under the condition of dynamic clutter interference, even though the human targets stand far away locate in the shadowing region caused by the closer one.
Inference of in situ stress from thermoporoelastic borehole breakouts based on artificial neural network
Authors: Zhang Hua , Yin Shunde 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe determination of in situ stresses is very important in petroleum engineering. Hydraulic fracturing is a widely accepted technique for the determination of in situ stresses nowadays. Unfortunately, the hydraulic fracturing test is time‐consuming and expensive. Taking advantage of the shape of borehole breakouts measured from widely available caliper and image logs to determine in situ stress in petroleum engineering is highly attractive. By finite element modeling of borehole breakouts considering thermoporoelasticity, the authors simulate the process of borehole breakouts in terms of initiation, development, and stabilization under Mogi‐Coulomb criterion and end up with the shape of borehole breakouts. Artificial neural network provides such a tool to establish the relationship between in situ stress and shape of borehole breakouts, which can be used to determine in situ stress based on different shape of borehole breakouts by inverse analysis. In this paper, two steps are taken to determine in situ stress by inverse analysis. First, sets of finite element modeling provide sets of data on in situ stress and borehole breakout measures considering the influence of drilling fluid temperature and pore pressure, which will be used to train an artificial neural network that can eventually represent the relationship between the in situ stress and borehole breakout measures. Second, for a given measure of borehole breakouts in a certain drilling fluid temperature, the trained artificial neural network will be used to predict the corresponding in situ stress. Results of numerical experiments show that the inverse analysis based on finite element modeling of borehole breakouts and artificial neural network is a promising method to determine in situ stress.
Rapid microwave‐assisted Porter method for determination of proanthocyanidins
Authors: Yin Mengyu , Yang Zihui , Min Ke , Yang Qinglan , Ma Ming , Chen Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionProanthocyanidins have been widely developed and utilised in food, medicine, health care products and cosmetics. Porter‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a quantitative method often utilised in many fields. This method uses a water bath to reflux the proanthocyanidins, but the process is cumbersome, the reagent consumption is large, and multiple batches of simultaneous treatments cannot be evaluated.ObjectiveTo establish a more convenient, rapid and high‐batch processing method for determining the content of proanthocyanidins in functional food by HPLC.MethodsN‐Butanol–hydrochloric acid and iron salt are used as the reaction medium in the Porter method. After investigating the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis of proanthocyanidins can be performed in a microwave reactor at a power of 640 W for 75 s in the Porter reaction system. The content of proanthocyanidins was determined by HPLC with external standards.ResultsAfter the rapid pretreatment of samples, proanthocyanidins were determined by HPLC with a diode array detector at a detection wavelength of 525 nm with 0.53 μg/mL and 1.61 μg/mL limits of detection and quantification, respectively, for proanthocyanidin ions, and the linearity was 0.9999. Intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviation values were between 1.5% and 3.1%, and the recovery was between 91.40% and 107.43% for the determination of different products, such as capsules, tablets and tea, which were similar to the values obtained with the conventional Porter method.ConclusionThis method is a time‐saving and low cost approach for quantitative analysis of various proanthocyanidin health products that offers the advantages of high‐batch processing and environmental friendliness.