bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7-O-aminoalkyl-2,3-dehydrosilibinins: Synthesis and in vitro Anti-cancer Efficacy
Authors: Ma Da-You , Zhang Li-Chao , Peng Kun-Jian , Zeng Jiang , Liu Li-Jun , Luo Zhi-Yong , Liu Su-You 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The heptaprotective flavonolignan silibinin and dehydrosilibinin have exhibited
moderate antiproliferative activities toward many cancer cell lines. Considering of the nontoxic profile of these
natural products, chemical modification to enhance the anticancer potentials is promising.

Method:
A series of 7-O-aminoalkyl-2,3-dehydrosilibinin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their
antiproliferative activities against several cancer cell lines.

Results:
A number of the synthesized dehydrosilibinin derivatives exhibited greatly enhanced potency with 50%
growth inhibition at low micromolar concentrations. Structure activity study indicated that the distance between
N and 7-O on the side chain has a limited influence on the antiproliferative activity, while the presence of a
morpholino group decreases the antiproliferative activities dramatically. Flow cytometry based assays on human
colon cancer HCT116 cells revealed that 6a and 6c, two of the most potent derivatives, effectively arrested the
cell cycle in the G2 phase and stimulated cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that attaching an appropriate tertiary amino alkyl side chain through 7-Oalkylation
on 2,3-dehydrosilibinin, would be a viable strategy for the development of silibinin derivatives as
anticancer agents.
Inhibitory Effect of Filipendula ulmaria on Mammary Carcinogenesis Induced by Local Administration of Methylnitrosourea to Target Organ in Rats
Authors: Bespalov Vladimir G. , Alexandrov Valerij A. , Vysochina Galina I. , Kostikova Vera A. , Semenov Alexandr L. , Baranenko Denis A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) may have a cancer prophylactic
activity, since its extracts exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects. We investigated the ability of
a meadowsweet decoction to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis induced by intramammary injections of Methylnitrosourea
(MNU) to the target organ in rats.

Materials and Methods:
The chemical composition of meadowsweet extracts was studied by traditional methods.
In animal experiments, adult outbred female rats received single injections of MNU at a dose 1mg directly
into the tissue of each mammary gland. After carcinogenic exposure one group (MNU) of rats continued to
receive standard feed and tap water throughout life. In another group (MNU+meadowsweet), rats were given
daily a decoction of the meadowsweet instead of drinking water and standard feed.

Results:
Meadowsweet extracts showed a sufficiently high content of flavonoids and tannins and also some
individual phenolic compounds. In rats after injections of MNU the overall incidence of tumors was 90% with
tumor multiplicity of 3.1. The majority of rats (86%) developed multiple malignant tumors of the mammary
gland (most often adenocarcinomas). In rats from the group MNU+meadowsweet, there was a statistically significant
decrease of the overall tumor multiplicity-by 1.5 times, and the incidence and multiplicity of breast
tumors-by 1.6 and 2.2 times, respectively.

Conclusions:
Meadowsweet extract can be considered an effective inhibitor of breast carcinogenesis.
O DEBATE SOBRE IDENTIDADE, CULTURA E CONHECIMENTO EM UM PROGRAMA DE MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL EM EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS PARA A DOCÊNCIA E PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Laffin Maria Fernandes , Nascimento Audemara Rodrigues , Amorim Antonio 
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é situar um ensaio mediante uma análise teórica acerca da relação entre identidade e cultura no contexto do conhecimento fundamental e formativo na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em EJA. Para tanto, busca-se uma definição conceitual dos termos identidade e cultura, ao mesmo tempo em que se investiga a constituição da identidade cultural brasileira a partir da contribuição das matrizes étnicas presentes na história do Brasil, seguida de discussões sobre identidade, cultura e conhecimento na EJA no contexto atual. Este texto resulta de pesquisa bibliográfica e reflexões do aporte teórico de Munanga (2009), Sacristán (2006), Silva (2000) e Freire (1979), entre outros que discutem as múltiplas referências e a diversidade da identidade cultural dos sujeitos que frequentam a EJA e sua relação com o currículo. A análise teórica apresenta como resultado a necessidade do reconhecimento da diversidade cultural do povo brasileiro pela EJA. Discute, por fim, a proposição de uma escola aberta às múltiplas identidades presentes na escolarização na EJA e na formação docente.
Parásitos con relevancia para salud pública en moscas de la Comunidad Shipiba Cantagallo, 2014
Authors: Velásquez Victor , Yamunaqué Cristiam , Villafuerte Karolina , Villegas Dilan , Ychpas Gustavo 
Published: April 2018

Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de parásitos en Moscas de la Comunidad Shipiba de Cantagallo, Lima-Perú 2014.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, realizado en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Daniel Alcides Carrión, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se usó una muestra de 1260 ejemplares de Moscas. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia dividido en dos grupos: enjuagado y machacado. Se realizaron las técnicas de enjuagado y machacado de moscas; los sedimentos se analizaron con lugol utilizando microscopios ópticos a un aumento de 400x por campo. Se dispuso de una hoja de recolección de datos donde se codificó la muestra analizada, además se señaló la presencia de los diferentes entero-parásitos según la epidemiología nacional y estudios realizados en distritos locales.
Resultados: Se hallaron los determinados porcentajes de acuerdo a la unidad de análisis. En el enjuagado: Entamoeba coli (35%), Blastocystis spp. (30%), Complejo Entamoeba spp. (15%), Endolimax nana (15%), Chilomastix mesnili (10%) y Ciclospora cayetanensis (10%); en relación al machacado se encontró: Entamoeba coli (75%), Blastocystis spp. (10%), Entamoeba spp. (50%), Endolimax nana (5%), Chilomastix mesnili (5%) y Giardia intestinalis (10%).
Conclusiones: Se detectó un gran porcentaje de Entamoeba coli tanto en el enjuagado como en el machacado, seguido de Complejo Entamoeba spp.; ambos causantes de infecciones gastrointestinales, por ello debemos insistir en el papel de Moscas como transmisor de enfermedades en poblaciones similares a la Comunidad Shipiba Cantagallo.
Colecistectomía laparoscópica bajo anestesia subaracnoidea en el Hospital privado “La Lima Medical Center”
Authors: Borjas Eduardo , Mandujano Cesar , Bejarano Suyapa 
Published: April 2018

Resumen
Introducción: La técnica quirúrgica “colecistectomía Laparoscópica” suele realizarse bajo anestesia general aunque también se ha descrito la utilización del bloqueo subaracnoideo. Este último ha mostrado buenos resultados como menor costo, menor complejidad postoperatoria, mantenimiento de los mecanismos compensatorios propios e hipercapnia y sobre todo una mayor interacción clínica directa con el paciente. Objetivos: Demostrar la simplicidad de la técnica subaracnoidea y su eficacia desde un punto de vista costo-beneficio tanto para el paciente como para el hospital.
Método: A través de un muestreo casual se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos observacional no probabilístico de 42 pacientes tomados aleatoriamente de una base de datos, del área de archivos del hospital privado “La Lima Medical Center”.
Resultados: El género femenino presenta mayor frecuencia de patologías biliares en un 66,7% (n = 28). Basados en un grado ASA I del 58,5% (n = 25), de cualesquiera se obtuvieron mayores niveles sensitivos a nivel de L3 -L4 en un 78,6% (n = 33), sin ninguna complicación durante el acto quirúrgico.
Conclusión: A pesar de no muestreo no probabilístico la técnica de anestesia subaracnoidea resulta ser de utilidad para estos países en vía de desarrollo por su alta eficacia y costo-beneficio, y una gran satisfacción del paciente.
Palabras clave: Anestesia raquídea, Colecistectomía Laparoscópica, anestesiología
NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO, ACTITUDES Y PRÁCTICAS DE LA BIOÉTICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA DE LATINOAMÉRICA
Authors: Abad Sojos Andrea G. , Flores Enríquez Jessica F. 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: La bioética en la práctica médica, es una disciplina que aporta fundamentación teórica para contribuir a la toma de decisiones considerando los principios de beneficencia, no maleficencia, autonomía y justicia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimientos teóricos, aplicados, y percepciones generales hacia la bioética en los estudiantes de Medicina de escuelas de América Latina.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal desarrollado en el marco de la videoconferencia “Actualización en conocimiento bioéticos en Investigación en estudiantes de Medicina de Latinoamérica” a cargo del Comité de Educación Médica de la Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina. Que incluye como herramienta de recolecciónun formulario de Google Docs auto aplicado vía on-line y aprobado por expertos.
Resultados: El 82,7% de los estudiantes han sido contactados por la cátedra de bioética médica en su universidad, mayormente (66,67%) durante un semestre. Un 17,3% indicó que la cátedra de bioética no figura en la malla curricular. Los conocimientos teóricos en bioética fueron adecuados en el 59,48% de los estudiantes encuestados y los conocimientos aplicados fueron deficientes en el 62,07%. El análisis de los estudiantes que recibieron la materia versus los que no, no presentó una diferencia significativa.
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes encuestados reciben la cátedra de bioética. No se encontró diferencia entre impartir la cátedra o no hacerlo. La correcta aplicación de principios bioéticos a la práctica fue deficiente entre los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: Bioética, Estudiantes de medicina, Universidades de América Latina.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre catástrofes naturales en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 2017
Authors: Abad Sojos Andrea , Martínez Cornejo Isaac , Obregón Jiménez Karina , Analuisa Lema Ivón , Palacios Segarra Doménica , Flores Enríquez Jessica 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: En 2016 un terremoto de 7,8 grados Richter golpeó la costa central de Ecuador dejando 660 fallecidos; es importante que los profesionales y estudiantes de ciencias de salud estén preparados para afrontar las consecuencias de los desastres naturales y proteger la salud de la población. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos preventivos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) sobre catástrofes naturales en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal aplicando una encuesta virtual mediante la herramienta Google Forms, validada por médicos de emergencia y personal de atención pre hospitalario. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa Microsoft Excel 2010. Resultados: Se encuestaron 464 estudiantes, el 74,1% afirmó no sentirse preparados para afrontar una catástrofe, 79,3% nunca han recibido cursos preparatorios, 61,5% posee un nivel medio de conocimientos en prevención. Las actitudes y prácticas preventivas son aplicadas por el 30% de los participantes. Adicionalmente, un 26,7% tuvieron actitudes incorrectas o riesgosas durante el último evento sísmico. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos de prevención frente a desastres naturales fue medio, de actitudes y prácticas fue bajo. Se recomienda realizar intervenciones como charlas o capacitaciones en el tema a los estudiantes de medicina, es necesario realizar más estudios en el tema.
Palabras clave: Desastres Naturales; estudiantes de medicina; conocimientos, actitudes y práctica en salud (fuente: Decs BIREME)
Áscaris lumbricoides en vía biliar
Authors: Vilera María , De Oliveira Gomes Diana Carolina 
Published: April 2018

Ascaris lumbricoides es un parásito que puede migrar a lugares como la vía biliar, generando un síndrome ictérico obstructivo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 56 años de edad con ictericia, dolor en hipocondrio derecho, náuseas, e hiperbilirrubinemia, en quien se obtiene imagen de vermes en colédoco y conducto hepático izquierdo. Se realizó electrocauterio y se extrajeron los parásitos. La ascariasis constituye una de las parasitosis más frecuentes a nivel mundial, especialmente en los países tropicales. A pesar de que la gran mayoría de los pacientes presentan síntomas intestinales como diarrea, o incluso son asintomáticos, es importante considerar la ascarisis biliar dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de síndrome ictérico obstructivo.
Palabras clave: Ascaris lumbricoides, parasitosis, ictericia obstructiva, Pancreatocolangiografía Retrógrada Endoscópica.
LINGUISTICS AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
Authors: Syarif Hermawati 
Published: April 2018

Linguistics as the scientific study of language has very crucial role in running language instruction. Changes in language teaching-learning method reflect the development of linguistic theories. This paper describes how the three broad views of linguistic theories, namely traditional grammar, generative grammar, and functional grammar work in relation to English language teaching and learning. Since both linguistics and language learning have the same subject to talk about, the knowledge of the language, then, is the core. Linguistic features analyzed are on the levels of Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Discourse as the basic components, supported by Psycholinguistics and Sociolinguistics. In relation to language teaching and learning, especially English, such knowledge on the English language gives learners the chance to apply in social communication and in any occasion. The use depends on the viewing of linguistic theories (English) in certain era, which reflects the need of learners in using English. It is assumed that the more linguistic competence someone has, the easier he/she can run his/her instructional activities. As the consequence, in the English language learning, the syllabus designer should notify the mentioned levels of linguistic components while constructing English instructional materials, methods, and evaluation based on the stage of learners to avoid misunderstanding in use. In this case, English instructors/teachers should also update their linguistic competence, especially on Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic points of view. Key words/phrases: linguistics, English, language instruction, linguistic competence
CULTURE, ITS DIMENSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TO THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH
Authors: Rusdi Rusdi 
Published: April 2018

Culture is an important aspect in learning a foreign language. This paper discusses three main conceptual issues: the concept of culture, its dimensions, and its implication to the teaching of English. In a broader sense, culture umbrellas arts, music, literary works, scientific findings, and other human beings’ creations. In a narrower sense, culture covers habits, customs, and social behaviours of a society. Four cultural dimensions: individualism, collectivism, high-context, and low-context are discussed. Deductive and inductive methods of reasoning are also discussed. In context of the teaching of English, culture is classified into local culture, foreign culture, and academic culture. Local culture refers to values and norms shared by the students who learn English as a foreign language. Foreign culture is the beliefs, norms, and values of the target language. Academic culture is the norms and values practiced in academic life. This paper strongly argues that the teaching of English as a foreign language should be based on local cultural values and norms. Language functions to express thoughts and culture. Therefore, English is used as an instrument to express thoughts and culture of learners who learn English. Keyword: culture, English language teaching, academic culture.
Developing Communicative Language Test for Vocational Senior High School
Authors: Defrioka Andri 
Published: April 2018

This paper is aimed at revealing the role of communicative language test n enabling and measuring student’s English achievement at Vocational School (SMK). Its coverage will be the considerations and procedures to construct communicative language test. This test is intended to be a measure of how the testees are able to use language in real life situations. There are several models of communicative competence, grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence. This test has three steps; identifying objectives, developing the test, specification, and developing the communicative test. Key Words: Communicative test, vocational school, linguistics, sociolinguistics, discourse, strategic,
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERPEN BERBASIS KUIK (KISAH, UNSUR INTRINSIK, DAN KHAYALAN) MELALUI MODEL SINEKTIK DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 PEMALANG
Authors: Amitaningsih Amitaningsih 
Published: April 2018

This classroom action research is aimed to improve the skills of writing short stories based KUIK through the application of sinectics model in class X SMA Negeri 1 Pemalang. The research was conducted on 37 students in class X SMA 1Pemalang. Quantitative data collection is carried out through tests to write the short stories, then it was analyzed by using descriptive analysis of the percentage. Qualitative data collection used manual observation, interviews, and documentation to uncover changes in behavior of students in the learning process. The findings showed the average value before the action research by 59.7%, and the average value of 79.4% after the action. It shows that a sinectics model can improve KUIK-based short stories writing skill by 19,7 % in SMA Negeri 1 Pemalang students. Keyword: writing skill, KUIK, short story, sinectics model
STRATEGI-STRATEGI BELAJAR BAHASA ASING
Authors: Isyam Amri 
Published: April 2018

This article aims at desribing foreign language learning strategies which should be possessed by each foreign language learner because their success or failure doesn’t depend only on the lecturer’s language teaching but also very much on the foreign language learning strategies. There are a lot of foreign language learning strategies; however, at least, there are fourteen foreign language learning strategies that they should possess and apply if they really want to succeed in learning a foreign language. The strategies will be enough for foreign language learners to reach their learning targets if they can possess and apply them as well as possible in learning whatever foreign language, like English for example. In addition to the fourteen strategies, how they will find or get them will also be presented and discussed in the article. It is advisable that a foreign language teacher or lecturer save a small amount of time of his/her teaching hours to teach those strategies, and that a learner apply them as well they can or make his/her own effort to find and apply them. Key words/phrases: foreign language learner, strategy, and foreign language learning strategy
Halal Tourism Development in East Lombok Regency
Authors: Rayendra Miko 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study were (1) to determine the perception of tourists on the readiness of halal tourism in East Lombok (2) to analysis a halal tourism development in East Lombok regency with SWOT analysis. Research uses descriptive qualitative method. According Sugiyono (2012) descriptive research is research that seeks describe and interpret data with objective measurements of the phenomenon. In addition, qualitative approach is used because researchers put the theory as the main starting point on the curiosity of researchers to measure the level of preparedness in developing halal tourism in East Lombok. Research aims to describe the potential of halal tourism destinations in East Lombok regency, analysis readiness through perception travel destination travelers in developing halal East Lombok, and clicking the analysis to development of halal tourism. The collection of data, in-depth interviews tourists. results of this study, East Lombok is quite optimal launched halal tourism in its tourism product and still need some improvement ata u strategy to attract tourists.
48-72 Aylık Çocuklara Yönelik Sosyal Problem Çözme Becerileri Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ Elif , URAL Ozana , GÜVEN Gülçin 
Published: April 2018

Araştırmanın amacı
48-72 aylık çocukların sosyal problem çözme becerilerinin belirlenebilmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının
geliştirilmesidir. Karma araştırma modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın iki
çalışma grubu (Çalışma Grubu-I, 48-72 aylık 168 çocuğun anne-babası ve Çalışma
Grubu-II, 48-72 aylık toplam 257 çocuk) mevcuttur. Araştırma kapsamında
“Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sosyal Problem Çözme Becerileri Aile Görüşme Formu”, “Sosyal
Problem Çözme Becerileri Ölçeği”, “Wally
Sosyal Problem Çözme Testi” ve “Sosyal Yetkinlik ve Davranış Değerlendirme-30
Ölçeği” olmak üzere beş veri toplama
aracı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda geliştirilen Sosyal Problem Çözme
Becerileri Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Cloning and differential expression analyses of Cdc42 from sheep
Authors: Yang Yong-Jie , Liu Zeng-Shan , Lu Shi-Ying , Hu Pan , Li Chuang , Ahmad Waqas , Li Yan-Song , Xu Yun-Ming , Tang Feng , Zhou Yu , Ren Hong-Lin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Serological diagnosis of brucellosis is still a great challenge due to the infeasibility of discriminating infected animals from vaccinated ones, so it is necessary to search for diagnostic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of brucellosis.

Material and Methods
Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) from sheep (Ovis aries) (OaCdc42) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and then tissue distribution and differential expression levels of OaCdc42 mRNA between infected and vaccinated sheep were analysed by RT-qPCR.

Results
The full-length cDNA of OaCdc42 was 1,609 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 576 bp. OaCdc42 mRNAs were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, rumen, small intestine, skeletal muscles, and buffy coat, and the highest expression was detected in the small intestine. Compared to the control, the levels of OaCdc42 mRNA from sheep infected with Brucella melitensis or sheep vaccinated with Brucella suis S2 was significantly different (P < 0.01) after 40 and 30 days post-inoculation, respectively. However, the expression of OaCdc42 mRNA was significantly different between vaccinated and infected sheep (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on days: 14, 30, and 60 post-inoculation, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted 40 days post-inoculation. Moreover, the expression of OaCdc42 from both infected and vaccinated sheep showed irregularity.

Conclusion
OaCdc42 is not a good potential diagnostic biomarker for differential diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep.