bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewertung verschiedener Methoden des Schmerzmanagements
während der Behandlung von Klauenlederhaut-Läsionen bei weiblichen
Merinofleischschafen
Authors: Fieseler Helena , Weck Romy , Kaiser Matthias , Müller Hendrik , Spilke Joachim , Mielenz Norbert , Möbius Gerd , Starke Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Das Schmerzmanagement beim Tier spielt aus der rechtlichen und
ethischen Verpflichtung des Menschen heraus eine wichtige Rolle für das
Tierwohl. Für Eingriffe an der distalen Gliedmaße beim Schaf ist die retrograde
intravenöse Stauungsanästhesie (RIVA) eine beschriebene Methode zur Betäubung
der Zehe. Bisher hat sie beim Schaf keine breite Anwendung in der Praxis
gefunden. Ziel der Studie war, Durchführbarkeit, Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der
RIVA zu überprüfen. Weiterhin sollte ermittelt werden, ob das Schmerzmanagement
durch die Kombination aus RIVA und Sedation verbessert werden kann und ob sich
diese Methode positiv auf das postoperative Wohlergehen der Tiere auswirkt.
Methoden Bei 36 Merinofleischschafen mit Dermatitis interdigitalis
contagiosa und 12 gesunden Kontrolltieren wurde das Verhalten während der
Behandlung der Läsionen unter verschiedenen Methoden des Schmerzmanagements bzw.
während der Klauenpflege und postoperativ in der Herde erfasst. Die Merkmale
wurden mit Scores bewertet und die Ausprägung bei den Tieren in den 4
Studiengruppen (RIVA, Sedation mit Xylazinhydrochlorid + RIVA, Plazebo,
Kontrolle) verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die RIVA konnte erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Lokale
Veränderungen im Bereich der Applikationsstelle und des Stauschlauchs bei 2
Schafen heilten vollständig ab. Eine deutliche Reduktion der Abwehrbewegungen
während des schmerzhaften Eingriffs belegt die Wirksamkeit der RIVA. Es ist
davon auszugehen, dass die RIVA-Tiere aufgrund des Handlings in Rückenlage
vergleichbar viel Stress empfanden haben wie die Plazebo-Tiere, denn
stressassoziierte Merkmale (Kopfschlagen, Leerkauen) traten in den Gruppen
ähnlich häufig auf. Die Sedation führte zusätzlich zur reduzierten Ausprägung
schmerz- und stressassoziierter Merkmale (Abwehrbewegungen, Entlastungshaltung,
Lautäußerungen, u. a.). Die Xylazinhydrochlorid-RIVA-Tiere entlasteten die
betroffene Gliedmaße postoperativ seltener und zeigten häufiger Futteraufnahme
sowie Wiederkauen als die Tiere der anderen Behandlungsgruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Die RIVA ist eine einfach durchführbare und sichere
Methode zur lokalen Schmerzausschaltung. Eine zusätzliche Sedation reduziert die
Stress- und Schmerzantwort. Dieses Schmerz- und Stressmanagement hat zudem einen
positiven Effekt auf das postoperative Wohlergehen der Tiere.
Novel Visualization of Clostridium difficile Infections in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Yu Sean C. , Lai Albert M. , Smyer Justin , Flaherty Jennifer , Mangino Julie E. , McAlearney Ann Scheck , Yen Po-Yin , Moffatt-Bruce Susan , Hebert Courtney L. 
Published: August 2019

Background Accurate and timely surveillance and diagnosis of health care facility onset Clostridium difficile infection (HO-CDI) is vital to controlling infections within the hospital, but there are limited tools to assist with timely outbreak investigations.
Objectives The objective of this study was to integrate spatiotemporal factors with HO-CDI cases and to develop a map-based dashboard to support infection preventionists (IPs) in performing surveillance and outbreak investigations for HO-CDI.
Methods Clinical laboratory results and Admit-Transfer-Discharge data for admitted patients over 2 years were extracted from the information warehouse of a large academic medical center (AMC) and processed according to the Center for Disease Control National Healthcare Safety Network definitions to classify CDI cases by onset date. Results were validated against the internal infection surveillance database maintained by IPs in Clinical Epidemiology of this AMC. Hospital floor plans were combined with HO-CDI case data, to create a dashboard of intensive care units. Usability testing was performed with a think-aloud session and a survey.
Results The simple classification algorithm identified all 265 HO-CDI cases from January 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015 with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.3%. When applied to data from 2014, the PPV was 94.6%. All users “strongly agreed” that the dashboard would be a positive addition to Clinical Epidemiology and would enable them to present hospital-acquired infection information to others more efficiently.
Conclusion The CDI dashboard demonstrates the feasibility of mapping clinical data to hospital patient care units for more efficient surveillance and potential outbreak investigations.
Observation in quantum physics: challenges for upper secondary physics students in discussing electrons as waves
Authors: Huseby Anders , Bungum Berit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Quantum physics is challenging for young students, but also a source of fascination. Observation is a key concept in order to understand how principles and experimental results in quantum physics differ from what we are used to in classical physics and everyday experiences. In this study we investigate how pre-university physics students understand the concept of observation in the case of the famous double-slit experiment with electrons and interpretations of its results. We found that a conception of observation as looking, meaning a passive registration, is prevalent among students. This causes serious problems in understanding quantum physics and leads to very unproductive speculations that links to mysticism. Some students considered observation as measurement involving some sort of apparatus, but very few expressed the key idea of measurement as interaction. We discuss how a more explicit discussion of what observation means in quantum physics can benefit students’ understanding of principles in quantum physics and their philosophical consequences.
Strain and electric field tuning of 2D hexagonal boron arsenide
Authors: Brems Mathias Rosdahl , Willatzen Morten 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Group theory and density functional theory (DFT) methods are combined to obtain compact and accurate k · p Hamiltonians that describe the bandstructures around the K and

Γ

points for the 2D material hexagonal boron arsenide predicted to be an important low-bandgap material for electric, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric properties that supplements the well-studied 2D material hexagonal boron nitride. Hexagonal boron arsenide is a direct bandgap material with band extrema at the K point. The bandgap becomes indirect with a conduction band minimum at the

Γ

point subject to a strong electric field or biaxial strain. At even higher electric field strengths (approximately 0.75 V Å−1) or a large strain (14%) 2D hexagonal boron arsenide becomes metallic. Our k · p models include to leading orders the influence of strain, electric, and magnetic fields. Excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement between DFT and k · p predictions are demonstrated for different types of strain and electric fields.
Everything Is Not Neoliberalism
Authors: Robbins Bruce 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHas the market really taken over every aspect of human life, as neoliberalism purports to desire and as the rest of us sometimes fear? Have culture and politics and sexuality been subdued to its inexorable and inhuman logic? In some ways it is convenient to think so. But the argument falls apart when put to the test. Neoliberalism is best understood, and resisted, if considered a more partial and vulnerable movement in a class war.
The impact of cancer information online on cancer fatalism: education and eHealth literacy as moderators
Authors: Chung Jae Eun , Lee Chul-Joo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One critical yet understudied concept associated with cancer information is cancer fatalism, i.e. deterministic thoughts about the cause of cancer, the inability to prevent it and the unavoidability of death upon diagnosis. The aim of this study is to understand how information seeking about cancer online influences cancer fatalism and whether and to what extent education and eHealth literacy moderate the relationship between them. Findings from an online survey of a nationally representative sample in the United States (N = 578) showed differential impacts of using the internet to search for information about cancer among the more and the less educated. For the less educated, more exposure to information about cancer via medical and health websites led to an increased level of cancer fatalism, whereas among the more educated, greater exposure lowered cancer fatalism. These differences were explained by the fact that the more educated were equipped with a higher level of eHealth literacy skills than the less educated. Findings show that only when one has necessary skills to apply digital resources can those resources help mitigate cancer fatalism. We suggest the need to enhance eHealth literacy skills among the less educated to reduce cancer fatalism.
Jones Representations of Thompson’s GroupFArising from Temperley–Lieb–Jones Algebras
Authors: Aiello Valeriano , Brothier Arnaud , Conti Roberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFollowing a procedure due to Jones, using suitably normalized elements in a Temperley–Lieb–Jones (planar) algebra, we introduce a 3-parametric family of unitary representations of the Thompson’s group $F$ equipped with canonical (vacuum) vectors and study some of their properties. In particular, we discuss the behavior at infinity of their matrix coefficients, thus showing that these representations do not contain any finite-type component. We then focus on a particular representation known to be quasi-regular and irreducible and show that it is inequivalent to itself once composed with a classical automorphism of $F$. This allows us to distinguish three equivalence classes in our family. Finally, we investigate a family of stabilizer subgroups of $F$ indexed by subfactor Jones indices that are described in terms of the chromatic polynomial. In contrast to the 1st non-trivial index value for which the corresponding subgroup is isomorphic to the Brown–Thompson’s group $F_3$, we show that when the index is large enough, this subgroup is always trivial.
Master Protocol Trial Design for Efficient and Rational Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Oncology Devices
Authors: Bitterman Danielle S , Cagney Daniel N , Singer Lisa , Nguyen Paul L , Catalano Paul J , Mak Raymond H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHistorically, the gold standard for evaluation of cancer therapeutics, including medical devices, has been the randomized clinical trial. Although high-quality clinical data are essential for safe and judicious use of therapeutic oncology devices, class II devices require only preclinical data for US Food and Drug Administration approval and are often not rigorously evaluated prior to widespread uptake. Herein, we review master protocol design in medical oncology and its application to therapeutic oncology devices, using examples from radiation oncology. Unique challenges of clinical testing of radiation oncology devices (RODs) include patient and treatment heterogeneity, lack of funding for trials by industry and health-care payers, and operator dependence. To address these challenges, we propose the use of master protocols to optimize regulatory, financial, administrative, quality assurance, and statistical efficiency of trials evaluating RODs. These device-specific master protocols can be extrapolated to other devices and encompass multiple substudies with the same design, statistical considerations, logistics, and infrastructure. As a practical example, we outline our phase I and II master protocol trial of stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging–guided adaptive radiotherapy, which to the best of our knowledge is the first master protocol trial to test a ROD. Development of more efficient clinical trials is needed to promote thorough evaluation of therapeutic oncology devices, including RODs, in a resource-limited environment, allowing more practical and rapid identification of the most valuable advances in our field.
Effect of vitamins C and E on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Authors: Hosseini Mostafa , Sarveazad Arash , Babahajian Asrin , Baikpour Masoud , Vaccaro Alexander R , Chapman Jens R , Yousefifard Mahmoud , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContextMany animal studies have evaluated the role of vitamins in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury, but their results have been contradictory and no consensus has been reached.ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in animal models.Data SourcesTwo authors independently collected the records of relevant articles published in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through November 2018.Study SelectionAll studies conducted in animal models to evaluate the therapeutic effects of vitamin C or vitamin E or both on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury were included. Studies that lacked a control group or a standard treatment, lacked an assessment of motor function, included genetically modified/engineered animals, included animals pretreated with vitamin C or vitamin E, or combined vitamin treatment with other methods, such as cell therapies, were excluded.Data ExtractionData from 10 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.ResultsDaily supplementation with vitamin C (P &lt; 0.0001) and vitamin E (P &lt; 0.0001) significantly improved the recovery of motor function in animals affected by spinal cord injury. Vitamin C supplementation is effective only when administered intraperitoneally (P &lt; 0.0001). Concurrent supplementation with both vitamins does not show better efficacy than treatment with either one alone.ConclusionAdministration of vitamin C and vitamin E in animal models of spinal cord injury significantly improves the recovery of motor function.
A Cohort Comparison Analysis of Fixed Pressure Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Valves With Programmable Valves for Hydrocephalus Following Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Orrego-González Eduardo , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Ascanio Luis C , Jordan Noah , Hanafy Khalid A , Moore Justin M , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hydrocephalus after nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common sequela that may require the placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS). Adjustable-pressure valves (APVs) are being widely used in this situation though more expensive than differential-pressure valves (DPVs).

OBJECTIVE
To compare outcomes between APV and DPV in SAH-induced hydrocephalus.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with nontraumatic SAH who underwent VPS placement for the treatment of hydrocephalus after SAH, between July 2007 and December 2016. Patients were classified according to the type of valve (APV vs DPV). We evaluated factors that could predict the type of valve used, outcomes in VPS revision/replacement rate, and complications.

RESULTS
A total of 66 patients underwent VPS placement who were equally distributed into the 2 groups of valves. VPS failure with the need for revision/replacement occurred in 13 (19.7%) cases. Ten (30.3%) patients with DPV had a VPS failure, while 3 (9.1%) patients with an APV had a similar failure with the need for revision/replacement (P = .03). VPS placement before discharge during the initial hospitalization (P = .02) was statistically significant associated with the use of a DPV, while the reason of external ventricular drain (EVD) failure (P = .03) was associated with the use of an APV.

CONCLUSION
APVs had a lower rate of surgical revisions compared to DPVs. Early placement of VPS was associated with the use of a DPV. The need for EVD replacement due to EVD infection or malfunction was associated with higher rates of APV use.
Yance Ford on Strong Island
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
After Yance Ford’s brother William was murdered in 1992, when Yance Ford was a college student, she imagined making a film about his death. Finally, in 2017, having worked for many years with television’s POV, seeing independent documentaries into the public arena (and having transitioned to male), Ford completed Strong Island, a feature-length, personal documentary that investigates William’s death within a context of the former and subsequent lives of his parents and siblings. As a crime story, Strong Island is both suspenseful and beautiful to look at. And it is personally performative for Ford. The unusually intimate close-ups of his face, his dramatization of William’s falling to his death in front of the gas station where he was murdered, and his conversations with family and friends dramatize the way in which this family tragedy and cultural injustice continues to inform the lives of those who knew William.
Betzy Bromberg
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Following a transformative experience while filming in the catacombs in Paris, Betzy Bromberg radically changed her approach to filmmaking, and in recent years has produced feature-length, 16mm films with accompanying music, by exploring minute spaces within the gardens around her home in Tujunga, California. The most recent of the films, Voluptuous Sleep (2012) and Glide of Transparency (2017), are simultaneously landmarks of cine-abstraction and intimate portraits of familiar spaces—a kind of visual music, accompanied by sound and music by Robert Allaire, Dane Davis, and others, including Bromberg.
James Benning Goes Digital
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
James Benning’s turn from 16mm filmmaking to digital filmmaking after his RR (2007) released the already prolific Benning from his struggles with 16mm film projection and print damage and unleashed a new wave of digital productivity. This interview explores Benning’s many digital films, including the several films that are part of his Two Cabins project (focusing on the cabins, lives, and writings of Henry David Thoreau and Ted Kaczynski), his Warhol-inspired portrait films—After Warhol (2011), Twenty Cigarettes (2011)—his three-hour-plus “single-shot” film, BNSF (2012), his cine-exploration of Vienna’s Naturhistorischesmuseum, and his personal epic, 52 Films (2015), an adventure into modifying a broad range of online postings from the internet—originally designed to be presented on fifty-two computers, but so far, shown mostly as interactive screenings with Benning present.
How Christianity Animates a Teacher’s Background Beliefs
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter and the next two explore the following question: What difference does being a Christian make for a person’s teaching? Chapter 2 begins by reviewing the authors’ findings concerning the background role that teachers’ Christian identity and related convictions play in their teaching practices. Although various scholars explore this question by drawing from theory or their personal experience, most discussions about the difference Christianity might make for teaching have not relied on empirical findings. In light of this gap in the literature, this chapter describes the sample (2,300 Christian teachers at 49 Christian colleges and universities) and focuses on the background role that teachers’ Christian identity and related convictions play in their teaching. Overall, the study found that participating teachers’ Christian identity influences three factors: (1) their motivation to teach, (2) the ways they think about teaching, and (3) their understanding of their students.
How Christian Teachers Transform Course Aims and Curricula
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores what Christian identity means for pedagogical practice. By examining the connections that teachers make between their Christian identity and their actions in the classroom, this chapter investigates how teachers believe their Christianity influences the why, what, and how of teaching. Overall, teachers in the survey differentiated between two major perspectives on how Christianity changed the ends, content, and methods of their courses, identified as spiritual addition and Christian transformation. Spiritual addition professors understood their Christian identity as inspiring the addition of certain objectives, content, and methods to their classroom. Christian transformation professors drew upon the Christian tradition to reconceptualize major parts of their objectives, content, and methods in more radical ways than the former category of teachers. This chapter illustrates these differences and classifies the specific ends and content that the professors in the study claimed were influenced by their Christian identity.
Identity-Informed Teaching in the Pluralistic University
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents the thesis that the most effective approach to managing the tournament of identities and narratives in the classroom requires the civic virtues that Plato and Aristotle taught (e.g., courage, honesty, self-control, justice). Since faculty members have multiple identities, the most important question is whether they can recognize which identities are important for giving life to a pedagogical practice. This ordering has deep effects on teachers’ pedagogical practices, course construction, ethics, and grading. Professors need to connect their personal identities and narratives to a vision of moral and intellectual virtue that applies to their classrooms in pluralistic educational institutions. While it is arrived at through one’s particular identities and narratives, we contend that this moral vision is one that most educators will likely share, which must be brought into regular conversation in any college or university setting.
In Praise of Diverse Teaching Contexts
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the importance of a just educational system for nurturing different kinds of identity-informed teaching within specific types of university environments, including ecclesial universities, interdenominational Christian universities, online universities, and pluralistic universities. It makes the case for constrained disagreement by demonstrating why a pluralistic system of education is necessary to respect the various facets of identity-informed teaching. The argument focuses primarily on the strengths and benefits for teachers engaged in expansive forms of identity-informed teaching. The chapter begins by reviewing what academic freedom provides for this conversation, then explores the strengths and limitations of each type of university environment. Overall, the chapter maintains that in the same way that teachers must figure out how to prioritize their own identities, or as Augustine described, learn how to order one’s loves, academia must allow this same identity tournament to take place.