bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Clinical Examination in Predicting Relevant MRI Findings in Acute Knee Injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Makki Daoud , Ness Daniel , Thonse Raghuram , Mastan Saleem 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to delineate the usefulness of clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute knee injuries. We aim to establish whether the time period post acute knee injury is related to the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and to investigate the strength of specific clinical examination findings in predicting a clinically relevant MRI abnormality. Seventy patients were referred to fracture clinic with an acute knee injury who subsequently went on to be investigated with MRI over 12 months. These patients were retrospectively analyzed looking at the time period they were reviewed, the components that were assessed at physical examination, and the results of their eventual MRI scan looking for any correlation. A greater proportion of patients who were examined at 2 weeks had relevant positive findings on MRI scan, p = 0.03. Range of movement and lateral joint line tenderness were not associated with a positive MRI scan at any period after injury. The presence of a moderate to large effusion was not associated with an MRI abnormality if the examination was within 2 weeks of injury but was if present 2 weeks after injury, p = 0.0001. Range of movement should not form part of the decision making on whether an injury should be investigated with MRI. Joint effusion in isolation within 2 weeks after injury should not be an indication for MRI but a repeat clinical examination in 2 weeks, where if still present, should be investigated with MRI.
Is Septoplasty Necessary When Using the Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach for a Deviated Nasal Septum?
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Hong Yong-Kil , Jeun Sin-Soo , Park Jae-Sung , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin , Kim Seon Ik , Kim Sung Won 
Published: April 2018

Objective This article describes the role played by endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) to the sphenoidal process of the septal cartilage of a deviated nasal septum.
Design Case series with chart review.
Setting Tertiary referral center.
Participants Between 2009 and 2016, 177 patients with skull base tumors who underwent EETSA were included.
Main Outcome Measures In 8 cases, the conventional two nostrils–four hands technique was employed (group A). In 16 cases, we placed a right-side conventional nasoseptal flap and a left-side modified nasoseptal rescue flap (group B), and in 153 cases, bilateral modified nasoseptal rescue flaps (group C). The number of septoplasty-required cases and the change of nasal cavity area differences reflecting septal deviation were measured.
Results Septoplasty during EETSA was performed in two cases: one from group B and one from group C. There was no significant difference in the ratio of septoplasty-required cases among the three groups (p = 0.127). Between pre- and postoperative nasal cavity, the cross-sectional area difference at the anterior end of the middle turbinate level significantly decreased (p = 0.045). Also, the angle of deviation at the level of ostiomeatal unit significantly decreased after EETSA (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Separation of a deviated complex surrounding the sphenoidal process of the septal cartilage is the key to relieving a deviated nasal septum. EETSA combined with the two nostrils–four hands technique allows posterior septectomy (including removal of this deviated complex) to be performed. Thus, EETSA may commence without preceding septoplasty even in cases with severe nasal septum deviations.
Schlaf und Demenz
Authors: Gust Jochen 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragmentierter Nachtschlaf Sowohl in der Häuslichkeit als auch in stationären Einrichtungen sind Störungen des Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus bei Menschen mit
Demenz ein evidentes Problem. Etwa 40 % sollen im Krankheitsverlauf betroffen sein. Der Nachtschlaf wird zunehmend fragmentiert – Betroffene wachen häufiger
auf. Die zirkadiane Rhythmik wird beeinträchtigt und die demenzbedingten Einschränkungen, z. B. hinsichtlich der Orientierung und der Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit,
tun ihr Übriges.
Automatic Extraction of Quranic Lexis Representing Two Different Notions of Linguistic Salience: Keyness and Prosodic Prominence
Authors: Brierley Claire , Sawalha Majdi , Islam Tajul , Dickins James , Atwell Eric 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents two sets of lexical items automatically extracted from the Arabic Qur’ān, and denoting two different notions of linguistic salience: keyness and prosodic prominence. Our novel hypothesis investigates a possible correlation between them. Our novel findings discover distributionally significant keywords that also occur strategically in phrase-final position so as to maximise their prominence, and thus meaningfulness, for reader, reciter, and aural recipient. Our methodology first computes Quranic keywords via the Corpus Linguistics technique of Keyword Extraction, and maps them to major Quranic themes in Islamic scholarship. Next, we implement a bespoke algorithm for rule-based capture of words annotated with madd or prolongation, a specific type of prosodic highlighting in Quranic recitation rules or tajwīd. We find it especially interesting that the concept of final syllable lengthening (madd before pause) is encoded in tajwīid and effectively demarcates phrase boundaries in the Qur’ān. We concentrate on nominal keywords (i.e. nouns and adjectives) since these are more likely to be aligned with phrase edges and to bear the hallmarks of pre-boundary lengthening. This correlation between keyness and prominence occurs 43.29% of the time in our data, since 526 keywords appear in our extracted subset of nominal types tagged with madd before pause: ((526/1215)*100). Finally, we identify which Quranic keywords are most likely to be annotated with enhanced prolongation in the final syllable before pause, using an easy-to-interpret, single value metric: the Laplace Point Estimate. Keywords that emerge as semantically weighted in terms of both distributional and prosodic significance are most likely to reflect the Quranic themes of God, Nature, and Eschatology.
Examining the relationships between life satisfaction and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among school-aged children
Authors: Lew D , Xian H , Qian Z , Vaughn M G 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are many known risk factors associated with youth substance use. Nonetheless, the impact of life satisfaction (LS) on the use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana by adolescents still remains largely unknown.MethodsThe present analysis utilized data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2009–10 US study. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between LS and individual substance use. Multilevel multinomial regression models examined the relationship with total number of substances used.ResultsAfter controlling for numerous variables associated with substance use, individuals reporting low LS were significantly more likely to ever use tobacco (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.78]), alcohol (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.10, 1.92]) and marijuana (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.39, 2.82]). Additionally, students with low LS were significantly more likely to use two substances (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.15, 3.14]) and three substances concurrently (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = [1.27, 3.16]).ConclusionsThe present study identified strong associations between LS and individual, as well as concurrent, substance use among adolescents. Interventions aiming to reduce adolescent substance use may benefit from incorporating components to improve LS.
Impaired Trunk Posture in Women With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Sempere-Rubio Núria , Aguilar-Rodríguez Marta , Espí-López Gemma V , Cortés-Amador Sara , Pascual Eliseo , Serra-Añó Pilar 
Published: April 2018

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objectives.
The main goal of the study was to analyze posture of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in women compared with healthy subjects to establish if posture assessment could be useful to characterize the syndrome. Secondarily, we explored the impact of sedentary behavior on trunk posture.

Summary of Background Data.
Pain has been associated with poor static postures, however there is little information on the effect of FMS, which is characterized by widespread pain, on trunk posture.

Methods.
One hundred eighteen women with FMS and 110 healthy counterparts participated in this study, in which trunk posture was assessed. The thoracic kyphosis, forward head position, and shoulder position (basal and maximum protraction) were measured. Further, maximum shoulder protraction and the ability to maintain the cervical and thoracic angle were assessed. To compare the differences in posture depending on the grouping, an independent Student t test was conducted. To analyze the differences between groups in the ability to maintain the position over a period of time and the differences in posture depending on more or less active lifestyles, two multivariate analysis of variance were performed.

Results.
The results showed a significantly larger thoracic kyphosis, baseline shoulder protraction and lower craniovertebral angle and maximum protraction in FMG compared with CG (P < 0.05). FMG subjects exhibited an impaired ability to maintain the cervical and thoracic angles, as this varied throughout the test, unlike those of their counterparts. A sedentary lifestyle did not affect trunk posture in the FMS participants.

Conclusion.
FMS female population present an altered trunk posture and an inability to maintain trunk position. Since this does not appear to be influenced by a more or less active lifestyle, specific treatment programs are needed to manage this clinical condition.

Level of Evidence: 2
Long-Term Results of Surgery Compared With Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT)
Authors: Abdu William A. , Sacks Olivia A. , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Zhao Wenyan , Tosteson Tor D. , Morgan Tamara S. , Pearson Adam , Weinstein James N. , Lurie Jon D. 
Published: April 2018

Study Design.
Randomized trial with a concurrent observational cohort study.

Objective.
To compare 8-year outcomes between surgery and nonoperative care and among different fusion techniques for symptomatic lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Summary of Background Data.
Surgical treatment of DS has been shown to be more effective than nonoperative treatment out to 4 years. This study sought to further determine the long-term (8-year) outcomes.

Methods.
Surgical candidates with DS from 13 centers with at least 12 weeks of symptoms and confirmatory imaging were offered enrollment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or observational cohort study (OBS). Treatment consisted of standard decompressive laminectomy (with or without fusion) versus standard nonoperative care. Primary outcome measures were the Short Form-36 (SF-36) bodily pain and physical function scores and the modified Oswestry Disability Index at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and yearly up to 8 years.

Results.
Data were obtained for 69% of the randomized cohort and 57% of the observational cohort at the 8-year follow up. Intent-to-treat analyses of the randomized group were limited by high levels of nonadherence to the randomized treatment. As-treated analyses in the randomized and observational groups showed significantly greater improvement in the surgery group on all primary outcome measures at all time points through 8 years. Outcomes were similar among patients treated with uninstrumented posterolateral fusion, instrumented posterolateral fusion, and 360° fusion.

Conclusion.
For patients with symptomatic DS, patients who received surgery had significantly greater improvements in pain and function compared with nonoperative treatment through 8 years of follow-up. Fusion technique did not affect outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 1
Air-splinting Maneuver During Flexible Bronchoscopy
Authors: Magazine Rahul , Chogtu Bharti 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Magazine’s maneuver was developed for ease of insertion of the flexible bronchoscope, on encountering a closed lumen at the nasopharynx-oropharynx junction. The purposes of this study were to find the frequency of occurrence of such luminal closures and to compare the efficacy of Magazine’s maneuver, with other variations of the maneuver, in improving visualization of the upper airway.

Materials and Methods:
Patients aged 18 years and above who were undergoing flexible bronchoscopy were included, and their demographic and clinical data were noted. The bronchoscope was inserted using the transnasal approach, and, at the junction of nasopharynx with oropharynx, the patency of the lumen between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall was recorded. The subjects were instructed to perform 4 variations of the maneuver. Observations at each variation were recorded as lumen open or closed; if the lumen was open, the size was noted as small or large and whether it closed during expiration.

Results:
Among 443 subjects, obstruction at the nasopharynx-oropharynx junction was observed, at baseline, in 105 (23.7%); whereas 338 (76.3%) had an open lumen. An open lumen was observed during nose and mouth breathing in 294 (66.4%) subjects, and, when head-tilt chin-lift was added to it, it was observed in 303 (68.4%). During Magazine’s maneuver the lumen remained open in all 443 (100%) subjects. Half of the subjects (n=8) with body mass index >30 and one-third (n=29) above 65 years of age had luminal closure at baseline.

Conclusion:
Magazine’s maneuver opens up the obstruction at the nasopharynx-oropharynx junction, whereas mouth and nose breathing mostly fails to do so. Adding head-tilt chin-lift to either of the 2 breathing techniques does not provide any additional benefit.
Using the BODY-Q to Understand Impact of Weight Loss, Excess Skin, and the Need for Body Contouring following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Klassen Anne F. , Kaur Manraj , Breitkopf Trisia , Thoma Achilles , Cano Stefan , Pusic Andrea 
Published: April 2018

Background:
A consequence of bariatric surgery is redundant skin for most patients. The authors measured health-related quality of life and appearance following bariatric surgery in relation to weight loss, excess skin, and need for body contouring.

Methods:
The sample included Canadian participants from the BODY-Q field-test study recruited between November of 2013 and July of 2014. Participants were invited to complete BODY-Q scales and questions to assess weight loss, amount of excess skin, and need for body contouring between June 7, 2016, and November 29, 2016.

Results:
Two hundred fourteen participants responded (75 percent response rate). Of the 210 who underwent bariatric surgery, most were left with excess skin [n = 196 (93 percent)] and needed body contouring [n = 168 (80 percent)]. Higher percentage total weight loss correlated with more excess skin (r = 0.24, p = 0.001), the need for more body contouring procedures (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), and (worse) scores on seven of 13 BODY-Q scales. Having redundant skin correlated with more physical symptoms (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), the need for more body contouring procedures (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), and lower scores on 12 BODY-Q scales. The need for more body contouring procedures correlated with more physical symptoms (r = 0.23, p = 0.001) and lower scores on 12 BODY-Q scales.

Conclusions:
Excess skin after bariatric surgery is a disabling problem. Additional research using the BODY-Q is needed to determine improvements that can be achieved following body contouring.
Rotator Cuff Tear Morphologic Parameters at Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Relationship With Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration and Patient-Reported Function and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Bureau Nathalie J. , Deslauriers Maguy , Lepage-Saucier Marianne , Rouleau Dominique M. , Roy André , Tétreault Patrice , Hagemeister Nicola 
Published: April 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between rotator cuff tear (RCT) morphologic parameters and muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, and patient-reported outcome measures, in patients with symptomatic full-thickness RCT.

Methods
Rotator cuff tear location, length, width, thickness, and musculotendinous junction position were assessed in 57 magnetic resonance imaging scans and correlated to the outcome measures using multivariate regression analysis.

Results
Supraspinatus tendon tear length (odds ratio [OR], 2.218; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.460–3.370), supraspinatus musculotendinous junction position (OR, 2.037; 95% CI, 1.322–3.137), and infraspinatus tendon tear width (OR, 2.371; 95% CI, 1.218–4.615) were identified as the strongest determinants of supraspinatus muscle atrophy, supraspinatus muscle fatty infiltration, and infraspinatus muscle fatty infiltration, respectively.

Conclusions
The extent of supraspinatus tendon and musculotendinous junction retraction influences the development of supraspinatus muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, whereas the extent of infraspinatus tendon tear width influences the development of infraspinatus muscle fatty infiltration. Morphologic parameters defining RCT at magnetic resonance imaging did not correlate with clinical shoulder function scores.
Risk Factors Associated With Incomplete Colonoscopy Based on the Analysis of Computed Tomographic Colonography Findings
Authors: Lee Eun Sun , Kim Byung Chang , Hur Bo Yun , Kim Min Ju , Park Hyun Jeong , Park Sung Bin , Lee Jong Beum , Sohn Dae Kyung , Han Kyung Su , Hong Chang Won 
Published: April 2018

Objective
This study aimed to identify the computed tomographic colonography (CTC) findings of incomplete colonoscopy compared with those of complete colonoscopy.

Methods
The clinical data and CTC imaging data from January 2004 to December 2012 were retrospectively obtained at 2 different institutions and reviewed by the central review system. A total of 71 patients who underwent both videocolonoscopy and CTC were included in this study. The CTC findings and clinical data were evaluated for the completeness of colonoscopy.

Results
In the CTC analysis, differences in total colon length, abdominal circumference, and sigmoid colon diameter were statistically significant between both groups (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) and height were identified as significant clinical factors influencing the completeness of colonoscopy. In multiple logistic regression tests, only BMI and sigmoid colon diameter were independent factors (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
High BMI larger diameter of sigmoid colon was associated with incomplete colonoscopy based on CTC.
Microwave Radiometry-Derived Thermal Changes of Small Joints as Additional Potential Biomarker in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pentazos George , Laskari Katerina , Prekas Kleanthis , Raftakis John , Sfikakis Petros P. , Siores Elias 
Published: April 2018

Objective
A prospective pilot study was performed using microwave radiometry (MR), a noninvasive method detecting in-depth tissue temperature, to evaluate whether temperature-of-small-joint–derived scores correlate to parameters commonly used to assess disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Ten patients with active, untreated RA underwent clinical and laboratory assessments and joint ultrasound and MR of hand and foot small joints at baseline and at 15, 30, and 90 days after treatment onset. Mixed-model analysis for repeated measures was used to compare patient characteristics in sequential visits. Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as control subjects.

Results
Using 1248 MR-derived separate recordings from patients' joints, several thermoscores involving different joint combinations were created. When compared with clinical and ultrasound data, the best performing thermoscore involved temperatures of 16 joints (second to fifth metacarpal and proximal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally). This thermoscore correlated to the 28-joint Disease Activity Score–C-reactive protein, tender and swollen joint counts, patient's visual analog scale (all P ≤ 0.02), and the standard 7-joint ultrasound score (P < 0.03) and could also discriminate patients in high (mean, 9.2 [SD, 5.6]) or moderate (7.1 [SD, 3.5]) versus low disease activity/remission (4.2 [SD, 1.8]) (P ≤ 0.01) or healthy subjects (5.0 [SD, 1.7]) (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Microwave radiometry–derived increased in-depth temperature indicative of local inflammation of small joints may serve as an additional biomarker in RA. Optimization of MR-based methods may result in objective assessments of RA disease activity in clinical practice.
Mapping Social Ecological Systems Archetypes
Authors: Rocha Juan , Malmborg Katja , Gordon Line , Brauman Kate , DeClerk Fabrice 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile sustainable development goals are by their nature global, their achievement requires local action and thus targeting and monitoring sustainable solutions tailored to different social and ecological contexts. Ostrom stressed that there are no panaceas or universal solutions to environmental problems, and developed a social-ecological systems’ (SES) framework -a nested multi-tier set of variables- to help diagnose problems, identify complex interactions, and solutions tailored to each SES arena. The framework has been applied to over a hundred cases, typically reflecting in-depth analysis of local case studies, but with relatively small coverage in space and time. While case studies are context rich and necessary, it can be difficult to upscale their lessons to policy making realms. Here we develop a data driven method for upscaling Ostrom’s SES framework and apply it to a context where data is scarce, incomplete, but also where sustainable solutions are needed. The purpose of upscaling the framework is to create a tool that facilitates decision-making on data scarce contexts such as developing countries. We mapped SES by applying the SES framework to poverty alleviation and food security issues in the Volta River basin in Ghana and Burkina Faso. We found archetypical configurations of SES in space. Given data availability, we study their change over time, and discuss where agricultural innovations such as water reservoirs might have a stronger impact at increasing food security and therefore alleviating poverty and hunger. We conclude by outlining how the method can be used in other SES comparative studies.