bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressful living in lower‐quality habitats? Body mass, feeding behavior and physiological stress levels in wild wood mouse populations
Authors: NAVARRO‐CASTILLA Álvaro , BARJA Isabel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWild populations are continuously subjected to changes in environmental factors that pose different challenges. Body condition and hormones have been commonly used as health indicators due to their potential correlation with fitness. In the present study, we analyzed whether habitats of different quality influenced body mass, food intake and physiological stress levels in wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Field work was seasonally carried out in Holm oak woods and pine forests in central Spain. A total of 93 wood mice from 4 different populations (2 per habitat type) were live‐trapped. From each captured individual we noted body mass and food intake, measured as the amount of bait remaining in each trap. The physiological stress levels were measured non‐invasively in collected fresh feces by quantifying fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) with a 5a‐pregnane‐3ß,11ß, 21‐triol‐20‐one enzyme immunoassay. Wood mice abundances decreased from spring to summer, were higher in Holm oak woods than in pine forests and also resulted in different age‐class distribution between both habitats. Individuals inhabiting pine forests showed a lower body mass and increased food intake, probably because of the comparatively lower food quality and availability in this habitat. Furthermore, these individuals showed increased physiological stress levels, likely due to the lower quality habitat in relation to both food and vegetation cover availability. Overall, besides affecting local wood mouse abundance, our study underscores the effect of habitat quality on body mass, food intake and the endocrine stress response. Considering the wood mouse's pivotal position in ecosystems, these results could help in the understanding of environmental traits hampering the viability of wild populations.
Economically Motivated Food Fraud and Adulteration in Brazil: Incidents and Alternatives to Minimize Occurrence
Authors: Tibola Casiane Salete , da Silva Simone Alves , Dossa Alvaro Augusto , Patrício Diego Inácio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrazil is one of the world's largest food producers. Adulteration of foods is often reported and represent an important potential threat to food safety. Because of this, reduction of the vulnerability of foods to adulteration is of high priority to Brazil. This study analyzes economically motivated food fraud and adulterations in Brazil between 2007 and 2017, based on academic journal reports. In addition, alternatives are proposed to minimize these incidents through good practices, traceability systems and the development of methods to detect food fraud and adulteration. Complex supply chains for foods of animal origin, such as milk and dairy products, were the main targets of food fraud and adulterations. Other products prone to fraudulent activities were vegetable oils, especially olive oil, which are high value products. Meat and fish, as well as their respective by‐products, were also involved in some food fraud and adulteration, especially substitution. Cases of extraneous ingredient addition were also reported in the coffee and tea sectors. Comprehensive food fraud and adulteration prevention requires the enforcement of regulatory systems, increased sampling and monitoring, training of food producers and handlers, and development of precise, rapid, and cost‐effective methods of fraud detection. The availability of robust methods to identify the chemical constituents of foods could be a decisive step, both to detect and prevent fraud in producer countries and to open up new markets to these products. The results of this study can be used to analyze food safety risks and prioritize target areas for food research and policy‐making in order to enforce food safety regulations in Brazil.Practical ApplicationA food fraud and adulteration review was conducted based on scientific literature in Brazil. Milk and its products were the main targets of food fraud and adulterations. Food fraud and adulteration causes and suggestions for good practice are presented. The results can be used to analyze food safety and protect consumer rights.
Cyanobacterial blooms in oil‐contaminated subtidal sediments revealed by integrated approaches
Authors: Xie Cuixiao , Sun Kaikai , Zhang Kai , Sun Yongge , Lu Zhenmei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCyanobacteria are important primary producers on the surface of oceans and are susceptible to oil spills. However, their tolerance to oil and their roles in the bioremediation of crude oil remain elusive. We analysed the response of microbial communities to a simulated oil spill in estuarine sediment microcosms under a series of oil concentrations (0, 25, 125, and 250 g kg−1 dry wt.). Cyanobacterial blooms only occurred on the sediment surface in the low oil (LO, 25 g kg−1 dry wt.) group, and cyanobacteria grew from very small amounts to enriched levels according to an internal mechanism. The dominant phylotypes enriched in the oil‐contaminated sediments on day 35 were Leptolyngbya, Oscillatoria, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Geitlerinema and Cyanothece, and the majority were capable of fixing nitrogen. Gammaproteobacterial blooms occurred during the early stage, and Oceanospirillales dominated the sediment surface. The annotation of unassembled metatranscriptomic data revealed an increase in nitrogen metabolism, particularly photosynthesis (antenna proteins) during the later stage, together with depletion of fatty acid metabolism. In summary, high concentrations of crude oil are toxic to cyanobacteria but can facilitate the emergence of cyanobacterial aggregation at low concentrations (crude oil concentration < 25 g kg−1 dry wt.).
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and its downstream effector collapsin response mediator protein‐2 drive reinstatement of alcohol reward seeking
Authors: Ben Hamida Sami , Laguesse Sophie , Morisot Nadege , Park Jong‐Hyun , Phuamluong Khanhky , Berger Anthony L. , Park Ki Duk , Ron Dorit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlcohol use disorder is a chronic relapsing disease. Maintaining abstinence represents a major challenge for alcohol‐dependent patients. Yet the molecular underpinnings of alcohol relapse remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in relapse to alcohol‐seeking behavior by using the reinstatement of a previously extinguished alcohol conditioned place preference (CPP) response as a surrogate relapse paradigm. We found that mTORC1 is activated in the nucleus accumbens shell following alcohol priming‐induced reinstatement of alcohol place preference. We further report that the selective mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, abolishes reinstatement of alcohol place preference. Activation of mTORC1 initiates the translation of synaptic proteins, and we observed that reinstatement of alcohol CPP is associated with increased protein levels of one of mTORC1's downstream targets, collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2), in the nucleus accumbens. Importantly, the level of mTORC1 activation and CRMP2 expression positively correlate with the CPP score during reinstatement. Finally, we found that systemic administration of the CRMP2 inhibitor, lacosamide, attenuates alcohol priming‐induced reinstatement of CPP. Together, our results reveal that mTORC1 and its downstream target, CRMP2, contribute to mechanisms underlying reinstatement of alcohol reward seeking. Our results could have important implications for the treatment of relapse to alcohol use and position the Food and Drug Administration approved drugs, rapamycin and lacosamide, for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Analysis of causal effect of APOA5 variants on premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Isabel Z. , Ellis Stephen , Archacki Stephen , Barnard John , Hubbard Carlos , Topol Eric J. , Chen Qiuyun , Wang Qing K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractApolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) regulates the metabolisms of triglyceride and HDL. APOA5 variants have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), but their causal roles are not well studied yet. This study aims to identify the causal effects of APOA5 variants on premature CAD. Sequencing analysis of APOA5 in 128 premature, familiar CAD patients from GeneQuest identified 11 genomic variants, including p.S19W (rs3135506). SKAT analysis showed that all sequenced variants, in aggregate, significantly increased the risk of premature CAD (P‐skat = 0.037). Individually, the p.S19W variant was significantly associated with risk of premature CAD (OR = 2.30, P = 0.008) in an independent set of 342 premature CAD patients and 537 controls after adjusting for covariates of sex, age, hypertension, body mass index, triglycerides (TGs), and total, LDL‐, and HDL‐cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, p.S19W significantly correlated with HDL‐C levels (P = 0.048) and TG levels (P = 0.025). Mediation analysis yielded a mediation effect of p.S19W on risk of premature CAD through HDL‐C (OR = 0.98, P = 0.040) and TG (OR = 0.98, P = 0.042), suggesting a causal relationship between p.S19W and premature CAD partially through its effects on HDL‐C and TG levels. These results suggest that APOA5 variation regulates TG and HDL levels, thus displaying a causal role in the development of CAD.
Validation of formula‐predicted glaucomatous optic disc appearances: the Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study
Authors: Tanito Masaki , Nitta Koji , Katai Maki , Kitaoka Yasushi , Yokoyama Yu , Omodaka Kazuko , Naito Tomoko , Yamashita Takehiro , Mizoue Shiro , Iwase Aiko , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsThe Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study (GSAS) is a multicentre collaborative study of the characteristics of glaucomatous optic disc morphology using a stereo fundus camera. Using the GSAS dataset, we previously established a formula for predicting different appearances of glaucomatous optic discs, although the formula lacked validation in an independent dataset. In this study, the formula was validated in another testing dataset.Subjects and MethodsTesting dataset contained three‐dimensionally analysed optic disc topographic parameters from 93 eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma; six topographic parameters (temporal and nasal rim‐disc ratios, mean cup depth, height variation contour, disc tilt angle and rim decentring absolute value) were used for predicting different appearances of glaucomatous optic discs. The agreement between grader‐classified optic disc types, that is, focal ischemic (FI), generalized enlargement, myopic glaucomatous (MY), and senile sclerotic (SS) and formula‐predicted optic disc types, that is, pFI, pGE, pMY and pSS, were assessed.ResultsBased on this formula, the eyes were classified with pFI (21 eyes, 22.6%), pGE (27 eyes, 29.0%), pMY (26 eyes, 28.0%) and pSS (19 eyes, 20.4%) when the top predictive element based on the formula was considered as the optic disc appearance in each eye. The six topographic parameters used in the formula differed significantly among the four predicted optic disc types. Substantial agreement (κ = 0.7496) was seen for the top two predictive elements based on the formula that agreed with the graders’ classification in 76 (81.7%) eyes. Among the four optic disc types, the levels of agreement were relatively lower in the SS type (κ = 0.3863–0.5729) compared with the other three optic disc types (κ = 0.7898–0.8956) even though the unclassifiable and mixed optic disc types were excluded from the testing dataset.ConclusionThe GSAS classification formula can predict and quantify each component of different optic disc appearances in each eye and provide a novel parameter to describe glaucomatous optic disc characteristics.
Analytics for learning design: A layered framework and tools
Authors: Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Martinez‐Maldonado Roberto , Pardo Abelardo , Muñoz‐Cristóbal Juan A. , Rodríguez‐Triana María J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe field of learning design studies how to support teachers in devising suitable activities for their students to learn. The field of learning analytics explores how data about students' interactions can be used to increase the understanding of learning experiences. Despite its clear synergy, there is only limited and fragmented work exploring the active role that data analytics can play in supporting design for learning. This paper builds on previous research to propose a framework (analytics layers for learning design) that articulates three layers of data analytics—learning analytics, design analytics and community analytics—to support informed decision‐making in learning design. Additionally, a set of tools and experiences are described to illustrate how the different data analytics perspectives proposed by the framework can support learning design processes.
Asian children living in Australia have a different profile of allergy and anaphylaxis than Australian‐born children: A State‐wide survey
Authors: Wang Yichao , Allen Katrina J. , Suaini Noor H. A. , Peters Rachel L. , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Koplin Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsian children born in Australia have higher rates of eczema and nut allergy than non‐Asian children. However, it is not known whether this country of birth differential exists for other allergies or anaphylaxis risk.ObjectiveWe investigated the influence of maternal and child's country of birth on the prevalence of parent‐reported eczema, asthma, food allergy and being diagnosed by a doctor as being “at risk of anaphylaxis.”MethodsWe assessed the relationship between mother and child country of birth and allergies using the 2010 School Entrant Health Questionnaire, completed for 57 005 5‐year old children (85.8% response rate) in Victoria, Australia. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression with results presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsChildren born in Australia to Asian‐born mothers were more likely to have parent‐reported food allergy (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.96‐2.77) and eczema (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.73‐2.41), but not more likely to have asthma (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74‐1.02) than non‐Asian children. By contrast, children born in Asia who subsequently migrated to Australia had a lower risk of food allergy (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.20‐0.55), eczema (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.24‐0.57) and asthma (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21‐0.40). Patterns of anaphylaxis risk differed depending on the trigger. Compared with Australian‐born non‐Asian children, Australian‐born Asian children were more likely to be diagnosed as being at risk of both food‐induced and non‐food‐induced anaphylaxis. For children born in Asia, risk was lower for anaphylaxis to milk, peanut and tree nuts compared to non‐Asian children, but higher for soy, wheat and non‐food triggers.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePatterns of allergy/anaphylaxis risk and their triggers differed according to both ethnicity and country of birth, suggesting a gene‐environment factor is in play. The difference in patterns for asthma compared with other atopic diseases is surprising and warrants further exploration.
Guidelines for development of Implant Dentistry in the next 10 years regarding innovation, education, certification, and associations
Authors: Van Assche Nele , Fickl Stefan , Francisco Helena , Gurzawska Katarzyna , Milinkovic Iva , Navarro Jose M. , Torsello Ferruccio , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDuring the third Summer Camp of European Association of Osseointegration (EAO), 40 junior representatives from various European societies and associations were brought together to discuss and explore the following topics in Implant Dentistry in the next 10 years: (I) certification, (II) societies and associations, (III) continuing education, and (IV) innovations.AimsThe aims of all working groups were to identify and outline the present situation in the area of the selected topic and to propose improvements and innovations to be implemented in the following 10 years.Materials and methodsFour different groups were assigned randomly to one of the four working units. The method to discuss the selected topics was World Cafè. The summaries of four topics were then given to all participants for peer review.Results and conclusionsAll four groups presented the conclusions and guidelines accordingly: (I) The recognition for Implant Dentistry and accreditation of training programs would lead to an improvement of the quality of care to the benefit of the patients; (II) Dental associations and societies have to continuously improve communication to meet needs of dental students, professionals, and patients (III) European Dental Board should be installed and become responsible for continue dental education; (IV) dental engineering, peri‐implant diseases, and digital workflow in dentistry currently have limited tools that do not guarantee predictable results.
Assessing population structure in the face of isolation by distance: Are we neglecting the problem?
Authors: Perez Manolo F. , Franco Fernando F. , Bombonato Juliana R. , Bonatelli Isabel A. S. , Khan Gulzar , Romeiro‐Brito Monique , Fegies Ana C. , Ribeiro Paulianny M. , Silva Gislaine A. R. , Moraes Evandro M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate how the potential bias from isolation by distance (IBD) in inferences of population structure has been addressed, in studies aiming biodiversity conservation.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe reviewed the literature on the impact ofIBDon the performance of the widely used softwarestructure. We also performed a literature survey in the Web of Knowledge to assess how data have been analysed in biodiversity conservation studies whenIBDis detected.ResultsBy reviewing the literature onstructureperformance inIBDdata sets, we found a high number of studies showing thatstructureoutputs are extremely affected byIBD. This misleading inference results principally in the detection of artificial genetic clusters. The literature survey showed thatIBDwas present in most data sets (60.56%) and that a substantial number of the articles only testedIBDby Mantel tests (82.21%). The most concerning result is that several articles have been usingstructureeven after detectingIBD(57.99%), and a substantial number of them are drawing formal conservation strategies, notwithstanding the potentially biased results (51.49%).Main conclusionsOur results are of great concern, as conservation strategies may be distinct under different population structure, and its success can be affected by the incorrect identification of populations. We recommend possible stages to be considered in the presence ofIBD, which can help conservation investigators before the proposition of explicit conservation strategies.
Advance Selling in the Presence of Market Power and Risk‐Averse Consumers
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Li Guo , Sethi Suresh P. , Zhao Xuan 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe consider a manufacturer who procures raw material through a long‐term contract as well as in a spot market to produce goods for selling to consumers, a fraction of whom are risk averse. We assume that the manufacturer has the market power to influence the spot market price of raw material. To increase consumer demand and obtain demand information, the manufacturer may implement an advance selling program that depends on his market power and consumer risk aversion. We investigate whether the manufacturer should offer the advance selling program and how his decision and performance are influenced by the program. We find that the advance selling program should be offered when consumer risk aversion is low, or when it is high, and the manufacturer has high and low market power. By contrast, the advance selling program should not be offered when consumer risk aversion is high and the market power is medium. Our results also reveal that even with no promotion cost of the advance selling program, the manufacturer may not always offer it. Finally, the manufacturer benefits more from advance selling when consumers are myopic and/or risk neutral.
Return on Trust is Lower for Immigrants
Authors: Cettolin Elena , Suetens Sigrid 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We conducted an experiment with a representative sample of the Dutch population to study whether trustworthiness depends on the ethnicity of the interaction partner. Native Dutch trustees play with an anonymous trustor, who is either another native Dutch or a non-Western immigrant. We find that trustees reciprocate trust up to 12% less if the trustor is a non-Western immigrant than if he/she is native Dutch. This percentage increases up to 23% for trustees who report disliking ethnic diversity in an independent survey. Since the decision to reciprocate does not involve behavioural risk, our results provide evidence of taste-based discrimination.
The induction of larval resource preference in heterogeneous habitats
Authors: Ravi Kumar Vrinda , Issar Swastika , Agashe Deepa 
Published: July 2018

1. Animals often have to choose between multiple food sources in their habitat, and these potentially complex decisions have a large impact on their fitness. Among other factors, previous experience with an alternative resource can significantly increase subsequent preference for the resource (‘induction of preference’).2. Induction of resource preference is particularly relevant in spatially or temporally heterogeneous habitats. Although most mobile species – especially generalists – probably frequently encounter habitat heterogeneity, the impact of preference induction on individual behaviour and fitness in heterogeneous habitats is poorly understood. This study analysed larval preference induction in wheat‐adapted generalist red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), under three types of habitat heterogeneity.3. First, the induction of preference for novel cereal flours under temporal heterogeneity was analysed, exposing larvae to new resources during development. Larvae preferred a new resource if they experienced it recently, but the magnitude of induction varied across resources.4. Specific induction for a homogenous mix of wheat and a novel resource was also observed, with larvae preferring the mix over either pure resource.5. To analyse induction under spatial heterogeneity, beetle eggs were placed in one of two alternative resource patches and the preference of emerged larvae was tested. Hatching into a novel resource did not always induce preference.6. Finally, it was found that induction of preference for new resources could be maladaptive for larval development. In sum, this work demonstrates that experience‐based plasticity of larval resource choice may strongly impact larval preference and fitness in heterogeneous habitats.