bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomography, Seismotectonics, and Mantle Dynamics of Central and Eastern United States
Authors: Wang Haibo , Zhao Dapeng , Huang Zhouchuan , Wang Liangshu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the 3‐D P wave velocity structure of the crust and mantle down to 1,000‐km depth beneath the central and eastern United States. A 3‐D velocity model is obtained by conducting a joint inversion of 236,670 arrival times of local earthquakes and 870,455 relative traveltime residuals of teleseismic events recorded by the EarthScope/USArray Transportable Array. Significant low‐velocity (low‐V) anomalies are revealed in the crust beneath the eastern arm of the Midcontinent Rift and the Triassic Basins along the East Coast, whereas a prominent high‐velocity (high‐V) anomaly is visible beneath the Llano Uplift in central Texas. The stable North American Craton exhibits high‐V anomalies at depths of 65–250 km. Low‐V anomalies exist along the eastern and southern margins of the craton, which may reflect relatively thin lithosphere there. A prominent low‐V anomaly is revealed at depths of 50–200 km beneath the New Madrid Seismic Zone, which is bounded by high‐V anomalies to its southeast and northwest. This feature reflects a weak lithosphere surrounded by relatively strong cratonic regions and stress concentration caused intraplate seismicity in the New Madrid region. Two high‐V bodies appear in the mantle transition zone (410‐ to 660‐km depths) beneath the Interior Low Plateaus, the central Great Plains, and the Central Lowland, which may reflect the subducted Farallon plate or delaminated lithosphere. At depths of 800–1,000 km, a high‐V anomaly is visible beneath the southeast United States, which may be the subducted Hess Rise conjugate.
The Influence of Summer Deep Soil Temperature on Early Winter Snow Conditions in Eurasia in the NCEP CFSv2 Simulation
Authors: Shukla Ravi P. , Huang Bohua , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Kinter James L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) has a large cold bias in the model's deep soil temperature during summer. This study explores the potential triggering effect of that bias on excessive Eurasian snow cover in early winter. Snow cover appears erroneously early in the fall, especially in western Eurasia, in long simulations with CFSv2. The seasonal transition may be too early because the model land surface temperature (LST) reaches its freezing point earlier than observed, so that new snow cannot melt. This process initiates snow‐albedo feedback too early. The early cooling of LST is partially influenced by a seasonal resurfacing of the cold bias in the deep soil layer. From winter to early spring, a cold bias prevails in LST and upper soil temperature as snow cover remains. During this season, the temperature in the deep soil is generally warmer than in the upper soil and has relatively little bias. From spring to summer, the cold bias in the upper soil becomes smaller as it warms up in response to solar heating. On the other hand, the deep soil temperature has a noticeably smaller seasonal change than observed, resulting in a severe cold bias during summer. As the solar radiation declines quickly in early fall, the cold deep soil temperature causes additional cooling in the upper soil layer and helps to bring LST to the freezing point early in the western Eurasia, which leads to enhanced bias in the snow properties.
The Age and Origin of Miocene‐Pliocene Fault Reactivations in the Upper Plate of an Incipient Subduction Zone, Puysegur Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Klepeis K. A. , Webb L. E. , Blatchford H. J. , Jongens R. , Turnbull R. E. , Schwartz J. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStructural observations and40Ar/39Ar geochronology on pseudotachylyte, mylonite, and other fault zone materials from Fiordland, New Zealand, reveal a multistage history of fault reactivation and uplift above an incipient ocean‐continent subduction zone. The integrated data allow us to distinguish true fault reactivations from cases where different styles of brittle and ductile deformation happen together. Five stages of faulting record the initiation and evolution of subduction at the Puysegur Trench. Stage 1 normal faults (40–25 Ma) formed during continental rifting prior to subduction. These faults were reactivated as dextral strike‐slip shear zones when subduction began at ~25 Ma. The dextral shear zones formed part of a transpressional regime (Stage 2, 25–10 Ma) that included minor reverse motion and modest uplift above the leading edge of the subducting slab as it propagated below Fiordland. At 8–7 Ma (Stage 3), trench‐parallel faults accommodated the first and only episode of pure reverse motion. Reconstructions confirm that these faults formed when the slab reached mantle depths and collided with previously subducted crust. At 5–4 Ma (Stage 4), trench‐parallel faults accommodated oblique‐reverse motion when an oceanic ridge collided obliquely with the Puysegur Trench. Stages 3 and 4 both accelerated rock uplift and topographic growth in short pulses. A return to strike‐slip motion occurred after ~4 Ma (Stage 5) when deformation localized onto the Alpine Fault. These results highlight how the rock record of faulting links displacements occurring at Earth's surface to events occurring both at the trench and deep within the lithosphere during subduction.
An acquired high-risk chromosome instability phenotype in multiple myeloma: Jumping 1q Syndrome
Authors: Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Tian Erming , Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher , Lukacs Janet L. , Sammartino Gael , Bailey Clyde , Schinke Carolina D. , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. , Barlogie Bart , Zangari Maurizio , van Rhee Frits 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) accumulate adverse copy number aberrations (CNAs), gains of 1q21, and 17p deletions during disease progression. A subset of these patients develops heightened 1q12 pericentromeric instability and jumping translocations of 1q12 (JT1q12), evidenced by increased copy CNAs of 1q21 and losses in receptor chromosomes (RC). To understand the progression of these aberrations we analyzed metaphase cells of 50 patients with ≥4 CNAs of 1q21 by G-banding, locus specific FISH, and spectral karyotyping. In eight patients with ≥5 CNAs of 1q21 we identified a chromosome instability phenotype similar to that found in ICF syndrome (immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies). Strikingly, the acquired instability phenotype identified in these patients demonstrates the same transient structural aberrations of 1q12 as those found in ICF syndrome, suggesting similar underlying pathological mechanisms. Four types of clonal aberrations characterize this phenotype including JT1q12s, RC deletions, 1q12-21 breakage-fusion-bridge cycle amplifications, and RC insertions. In addition, recurring transient aberrations include 1q12 decondensation and breakage, triradials, and 1q micronuclei. The acquired self-propagating mobile property of 1q12 satellite DNA drives the continuous regeneration of 1q12 duplication/deletion events. For patients demonstrating this instability phenotype, we propose the term “Jumping 1q Syndrome.”
Myosin IIA and formin dependent mechanosensitivity of filopodia adhesion
Authors: Alieva N. O. , Efremov A. K. , Hu S. , Oh D. , Chen Z. , Natarajan M. , Ong H. T. , Jégou A. , Romet-Lemonne G. , Groves J. T. , Sheetz M. P. , Yan J. , Bershadsky A. D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFilopodia, dynamic membrane protrusions driven by polymerization of an actin filament core, can adhere to the extracellular matrix and experience both external and cell-generated pulling forces. The role of such forces in filopodia adhesion is however insufficiently understood. Here, we study filopodia induced by overexpression of myosin X, typical for cancer cells. The lifetime of such filopodia positively correlates with the presence of myosin IIA filaments at the filopodia bases. Application of pulling forces to the filopodia tips through attached fibronectin-coated laser-trapped beads results in sustained growth of the filopodia. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of myosin IIA abolishes the filopodia adhesion to the beads. Formin inhibitor SMIFH2, which causes detachment of actin filaments from formin molecules, produces similar effect. Thus, centripetal force generated by myosin IIA filaments at the base of filopodium and transmitted to the tip through actin core in a formin-dependent fashion is required for filopodia adhesion.
The essential elements for the noncovalent association of two DNA ends during NHEJ synapsis
Authors: Zhao Bailin , Watanabe Go , Morten Michael J. , Reid Dylan A. , Rothenberg Eli , Lieber Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the most central questions about the repair of a double-strand DNA break (DSB) concerns how the two free DNA ends are brought together — a step called synapsis. Using single-molecule FRET (smFRET), we show here that both Ku plus XRCC4:DNA ligase IV are necessary and sufficient to achieve a flexible synapsis of blunt DNA ends, whereas either alone is not. Addition of XLF causes a transition to a close synaptic state, and maximum efficiency of close synapsis is achieved within 20 min. The promotion of close synapsis by XLF indicates a role that is independent of a filament structure, with action focused at the very ends of each duplex. DNA-PKcs is not required for the formation of either the flexible or close synaptic states. This model explains in biochemical terms the evolutionarily central synaptic role of Ku, X4L4, and XLF in NHEJ for all eukaryotes.
Fast and selective organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization by fluorinated alcohol without a cocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Wei , Lv Yanfeng , Li Ji , Feng Zihao , Ni Yonghao , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganocatalysis is an important branch of catalysis for various organic transformations and materials preparation. Polymerizations promoted by organic catalysts can produce polymeric materials without any metallic residues, providing charming materials for high-value and sensitive domains such as biomedical applications, microelectronic devices and food packaging. Herein, we describe a fluorinated alcohol based catalytic system for polypeptide synthesis via catalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), fulfilling cocatalyst free, metal free, high rate and high selectivity. During polymerization, the fluorinated alcohol catalyst forms multiple dynamic hydrogen bonds with the initiator, monomer and propagating polymer chain. These cooperative hydrogen bonding interactions activate the NCA monomers and simultaneously protect the overactive initiator/propagating polymer chain-ends, which offers the whole polymerization with high activity and selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate a monocomponent-multifunctional catalytic mode of fluorinated alcohol. This finding provides a metal free and fast approach to access well-defined polypeptides.
A modular effector with a DNase domain and a marker for T6SS substrates
Authors: Jana Biswanath , Fridman Chaya M. , Bosis Eran , Salomon Dor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacteria deliver toxic effectors via type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to dominate competitors, but the identity and function of many effectors remain unknown. Here we identify a Vibrio antibacterial T6SS effector that contains a previously undescribed, widespread DNase toxin domain that we call PoNe (Polymorphic Nuclease effector). PoNe belongs to a diverse superfamily of PD-(D/E)xK phosphodiesterases, and is associated with several toxin delivery systems including type V, type VI, and type VII. PoNe toxicity is antagonized by cognate immunity proteins (PoNi) containing DUF1911 and DUF1910 domains. In addition to PoNe, the effector contains a domain of unknown function (FIX domain) that is also found N-terminal to known toxin domains and is genetically and functionally linked to T6SS. FIX sequences can be used to identify T6SS effector candidates with potentially novel toxin domains. Our findings underline the modular nature of bacterial effectors harboring delivery or marker domains, specific to a secretion system, fused to interchangeable toxins.
MYC competes with MiT/TFE in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through an epigenetic rheostat
Authors: Annunziata Ida , van de Vlekkert Diantha , Wolf Elmar , Finkelstein David , Neale Geoffrey , Machado Eda , Mosca Rosario , Campos Yvan , Tillman Heather , Roussel Martine F. , Andrew Weesner Jason , Ellen Fremuth Leigh , Qiu Xiaohui , Han Min-Joon , Grosveld Gerard C. , d’Azzo Alessandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoordinated regulation of the lysosomal and autophagic systems ensures basal catabolism and normal cell physiology, and failure of either system causes disease. Here we describe an epigenetic rheostat orchestrated by c-MYC and histone deacetylases that inhibits lysosomal and autophagic biogenesis by concomitantly repressing the expression of the transcription factors MiT/TFE and FOXH1, and that of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases abates c-MYC binding to the promoters of lysosomal and autophagy genes, granting promoter occupancy to the MiT/TFE members, TFEB and TFE3, and/or the autophagy regulator FOXH1. In pluripotent stem cells and cancer, suppression of lysosomal and autophagic function is directly downstream of c-MYC overexpression and may represent a hallmark of malignant transformation. We propose that, by determining the fate of these catabolic systems, this hierarchical switch regulates the adaptive response of cells to pathological and physiological cues that could be exploited therapeutically.
Insight into genetic predisposition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia from integrative epigenomics
Authors: Speedy Helen E. , Beekman Renée , Chapaprieta Vicente , Orlando Giulia , Law Philip J. , Martín-García David , Gutiérrez-Abril Jesús , Catovsky Daniel , Beà Sílvia , Clot Guillem , Puiggròs Montserrat , Torrents David , Puente Xose S. , Allan James M. , López-Otín Carlos , Campo Elias , Houlston Richard S. , Martín-Subero José I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have provided evidence for inherited genetic predisposition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying CLL risk we analyze chromatin accessibility, active regulatory elements marked by H3K27ac, and DNA methylation at 42 risk loci in up to 486 primary CLLs. We identify that risk loci are significantly enriched for active chromatin in CLL with evidence of being CLL-specific or differentially regulated in normal B-cell development. We then use in situ promoter capture Hi-C, in conjunction with gene expression data to reveal likely target genes of the risk loci. Candidate target genes are enriched for pathways related to B-cell development such as MYC and BCL2 signalling. At 14 loci the analysis highlights 63 variants as the probable functional basis of CLL risk. By integrating genetic and epigenetic information our analysis reveals novel insights into the relationship between inherited predisposition and the regulatory chromatin landscape of CLL.
Effects of the Spirometry Learning Module on the knowledge, confidence, and experience of spirometry operators
Authors: Parsons Richard , Schembri David , Hancock Kerry , Lonergan Anne , Barton Christopher , Schermer Tjard , Crockett Alan , Frith Peter , Effing Tanja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur study measures effects of the Spirometry Learning Module (SLM) on health-care professionals’ knowledge of spirometry test quality and perceived confidence, experience, and understanding of spirometry measurements and interpretation. Professionals from both primary and hospital-based settings enrolled in the SLM, a training model focusing on spirometry test performance and interpretation, including an online interactive learning component and a face-to-face workshop. Participants were asked to submit patient spirometry assessment worksheets for feedback on quality and interpretation. Data were collected at baseline, SLM completion (20 weeks), and 12 months after SLM completion. Knowledge of spirometry test quality was evaluated with questions relating to five case-based assessments of common spirometric patterns. Perceived confidence, experience, and knowledge in test performance were measured using a 7-point Likert scale. The Friedman test combined with post hoc analyses were used to analyse differences between baseline, 20-week, and 12-month post completion. Qualitative interviews were performed to assess reasons for non-completion. Of the 90 participants enrolled in the SLM and consented to research, 48 completed the 20-week measurement and 11 completed the 12-month measurement. Statistically significant improvements were detected in all outcomes in participants who completed the SLM to 20-week and 12-month follow-up assessments (all p values < 0.01). Barriers to completion were limited access to patients requiring spirometry, high clinic workload, and having a different spirometer at the workplace compared to the one used during SLM demonstrations. Our data suggest that participants’ confidence, experience, and knowledge regarding spirometry may improve through SLM completion.
Stable and efficient transfer-printing including repair using a GaN-based microscale light-emitting diode array for deformable displays
Authors: Park Jun-Beom , Lee Keon Hwa , Han Sang Hoon , Chung Tae Hun , Kwak Moon Kyu , Rho Hokyun , Jeong Tak , Ha Jun-Seok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGaN-based microscale light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) are reported for assembly into deformable displays and repair systems. A stamp-imprinting method that enables large area assembly without spatial limitation is involved in the system, and a selective pick-up method is presented that includes a method for removing detected defective chips through micro-pulsed laser scanning. The photosensitive functional material, which is an accepted layer for the stable imprinting of chips, is determined by controlling the adhesion. In addition, selective pick-up and adhesion-controlled functional materials allow the implementation of defect-free displays through two pick-and-place cycles. Displays and related systems fabricated with this method can offer interesting optical and electrical properties.
The Electro-Optical Performance of Silver Nanowire Networks
Authors: Manning Hugh G. , da Rocha Claudia Gomes , Callaghan Colin O’ , Ferreira Mauro S. , Boland John J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNetworks of metallic nanowires have the potential to meet the needs of next-generation device technologies that require flexible transparent conductors. At present, there does not exist a first principles model capable of predicting the electro-optical performance of a nanowire network. Here we combine an electrical model derived from fundamental material properties and electrical equations with an optical model based on Mie theory scattering of light by small particles. This approach enables the generation of analogues for any nanowire network and then accurately predicts, without the use of fitting factors, the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the transparent electrode. Predictions are validated using experimental data from the literature of networks comprised of a wide range of aspect ratios (nanowire length/diameter). The separation of the contributions of the material resistance and the junction resistance allows the effectiveness of post-deposition processing methods to be evaluated and provides a benchmark for the minimum attainable sheet resistance. The predictive power of this model enables a material-by-design approach, whereby suitable systems can be prescribed for targeted technology applications.
MMP12 Inhibits Corneal Neovascularization and Inflammation through Regulation of CCL2
Authors: Wolf Marie , Clay Selene M. , Zheng Siyu , Pan Peipei , Chan Matilda F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFollowing corneal injury, coordinated cellular and protein interactions occur at the wound site to restore tissue homeostasis. Regulation of this response is required to prevent the development of chronic inflammation, abnormal neovascularization, and fibrosis. The chemokine CCL2 and its primary receptor CCR2 are key regulators of the inflammatory and neovascular responses to injury. In this study, we investigated the role of macrophage-associated matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) in the regulation of CCL2 and CCR2 after corneal wounding. Using two corneal injury models, we examined the temporal and spatial expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in Mmp12−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. Our data showed that MMP12 downregulated CCL2 and CCR2 expression in a manner dependent on the timing and mechanism of injury. We also examined the effect of CCL2 on the injury response in Mmp12−/− and WT corneas. We found that macrophage infiltration and neovascularization following CCL2 blockade was significantly reduced in Mmp12−/− corneas as compared with WT corneas. These findings indicate that MMP12 inhibits corneal inflammation and neovascularization after injury through its regulation of CCL2.
Detection of introduced and resident marine species using environmental DNA metabarcoding of sediment and water
Authors: Holman Luke E. , de Bruyn Mark , Creer Simon , Carvalho Gary , Robidart Julie , Rius Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are increasingly being used for biodiversity monitoring, principally because they are sensitive and can provide high resolution community composition data. Despite considerable progress in recent years, eDNA studies examining how different environmental sample types can affect species detectability remain rare. Comparisons of environmental samples are especially important for providing best practice guidance on early detection and subsequent mitigation of non-indigenous species. Here we used eDNA metabarcoding of COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and 18S (nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA) genes to compare community composition between sediment and water samples in artificial coastal sites across the United Kingdom. We first detected markedly different communities and a consistently greater number of distinct operational taxonomic units in sediment compared to water. We then compared our eDNA datasets with previously published rapid assessment biodiversity surveys and found excellent concordance among the different survey techniques. Finally, our eDNA surveys detected many non-indigenous species, including several newly introduced species, highlighting the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for both early detection and temporal / spatial monitoring of non-indigenous species. We conclude that careful consideration on environmental sample type is needed when conducting eDNA surveys, especially for studies assessing community change.