bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinder 1906, histoires d'un complot: Penser le moment de l'occupation coloniale
Authors: Lefebvre Camille 
Published: October 2018

RésuméÀ travers l'histoire de ce que les colonisateurs français ont considéré comme un complot contre leur présence, cet article reconstitue la complexité des premiers temps de l'occupation coloniale dans la région de Zinder (Niger) au début du xxe siècle. Trois types de sources, correspondant à la fois à trois moments successifs et à trois regards sur l’événement, sont tour à tour déployés : les archives de l'enquête coloniale constituées par les militaires qui l'ont menée pour justifier leur action ; les journaux personnels et les notes privées de l'interprète du poste, Moïse Landeroin, qui ne croit pas à la culpabilité des accusés et s'oppose à ses supérieurs ; enfin, les lettres en arabe écrites par l'un des accusés, Malam Yaro, pour plaider son innocence. Cette dernière source permet de relire l’événement en révélant les enjeux sociaux à l’œuvre au sein de la société de Zinder de l’époque. La diversité des documents permet ainsi de reconstituer les différentes temporalités qui nourrissent ce moment et de révéler les points aveugles d'une lecture uniquement coloniale de l’événement.
Le passé mis en pièce(s): Archives, conflits et droits de cité à Alger, 1830-1870
Authors: Grangaud Isabelle 
Published: October 2018

RésuméEnquêter sur les processus de destruction du patrimoine cultuel algérois au cours des trente premières années de la conquête française de l'Algérie nous amène, en prêtant attention à la genèse de leur production, à considérer deux sources qui renvoient à une période antérieure à la conquête : Les édifices religieux de l'ancien Alger d'Albert Devoulx et le « Fonds ottoman », dont l'archivage fut initialement mis en œuvre par celui-ci. Ce double travail archéologique mené à partir de la reconstitution des activités d'A. Devoulx conduit à la mise au jour d'une lutte virulente pour les droits de cité et, notamment, pour l'appropriation des fondations pieuses des institutions dévotionnelles de la ville, une bataille dont ces sources furent partie prenante. En prêtant attention à leur charge revendicative et à la nature de leurs interactions, il devient possible de retracer l'histoire de la fin des mosquées d'Alger et d'apprécier, dans le même temps, la nature véritable de ces sources.
Expliquer la modernisation économique allemande: La Révolution française, les réformes prussiennes et l'inévitable continuité du changement
Authors: Kopsidis Michael , Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: October 2018

RésuméLe cheminement de l'Allemagne vers l'industrialisation, qui dura plusieurs siècles, doit être compris comme une évolution institutionnelle graduelle qui bénéficia des circonstances et fut une réponse aux pénuries de la fin du xviiie siècle. Les tentatives pour lui trouver un deus ex machina unique – qu'il s'agisse de Napoléon, de réformateurs prussiens ou d'un autre agent exogène – n'ont abouti à aucun résultat convaincant. Le gradualisme explique de manière vraisemblable comment l’économie de marché et le capitalisme se sont implantés dans la société allemande. Seules les régions d'Allemagne qui avaient réussi à lancer des réformes institutionnelles graduelles au xviiie siècle étaient bien placées pour devenir rapidement des économies de marché identifiables au début du xixe siècle. Dans ce contexte, cet article se propose d’étudier le rôle de la Prusse et de Napoléon dans la modernisation de la structure institutionnelle de l’économie allemande. En matière de réformes agraires et de liberté économique, le modèle prussien représente un bouleversement dans l'histoire du développement économique. Une telle stratégie n'existait dans aucun territoire sous domination française, que ce soit avant ou après 1815. Les réformateurs prussiens furent les premiers à adopter une stratégie de développement rural multisectoriel qui leur permit de concilier croissance et équité.
On Erdős–Ko–Rado for Random Hypergraphs II
Authors: HAMM A. , KAHN J. 
Published: October 2018

Denote by${\mathcal H}_k$(n,p) the randomk-graph in which eachk-subset of {1,. . .,n} is present with probabilityp, independent of other choices. More or less answering a question of Balogh, Bohman and Mubayi, we show: there is a fixed ε > 0 such that ifn= 2k+ 1 andp> 1 - ε, then w.h.p. (that is, with probability tending to 1 ask→ ∞),${\mathcal H}_k$(n,p) has the ‘Erdős–Ko–Rado property’. We also mention a similar random version of Sperner's theorem.
First-Surface Scintillator for Low Accelerating Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Imaging
Authors: Tzolov Marian B. , Barbi Nicholas C. , Bowser Christopher T. , Healy Owen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighly luminescent thin films of zinc tungstate (ZT) have been deposited on top of conventional scintillators (Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite, Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) for electron detection in order to replace the need for a top conducting layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum, which is non-scintillating and electron absorbing. Such conventional conducting layers serve the single purpose of eliminating electrical charge build-up on the scintillator. The ZT film also eliminates charging, which has been verified by measuring the Duane–Hunt limit and electron emission versus accelerating voltage. The luminescent nature of the ZT film ensures effective detection of low energy electrons from the very top surface of the structure ZT/scintillator, which we call “first-surfacescintillator”. The cathodoluminescence has been measured directly with a photodetector and spectrally resolved at different accelerating voltages. All results demonstrate the extended range of operation of the first-surface scintillator, while the conventional scintillators with a top ITO layer decline below 5 kV and have practically no output below 2 kV. Scintillators of different types were integrated in a detection system for backscattered electrons (BSE). The quality of the image at high accelerating voltages is comparable with the conventional scintillator and commercial BSE detector, while the image quality at 1 kV from the first-surface scintillator is superior.
Extracting Grain Orientations from EBSD Patterns of Polycrystalline Materials Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jha Dipendra , Singh Saransh , Al-Bahrani Reda , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok , De Graef Marc , Agrawal Ankit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present a deep learning approach to the indexing of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. We design and implement a deep convolutional neural network architecture to predict crystal orientation from the EBSD patterns. We design a differentiable approximation to the disorientation function between the predicted crystal orientation and the ground truth; the deep learning model optimizes for the mean disorientation error between the predicted crystal orientation and the ground truth using stochastic gradient descent. The deep learning model is trained using 374,852 EBSD patterns of polycrystalline nickel from simulation and evaluated using 1,000 experimental EBSD patterns of polycrystalline nickel. The deep learning model results in a mean disorientation error of 0.548° compared to 0.652° using dictionary based indexing.
Ozone Treatment of Grapes During Withering for Amarone Wine: A Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Cisterna Barbara , Boschi Federico , Croce Anna C. , Podda Rachele , Zanzoni Serena , Degl’Innocenti Daniele , Bernardi Paolo , Costanzo Manuela , Marzola Pasquina , Covi Viviana , Tabaracci Gabriele , Malatesta Manuela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe production of Amarone wine is governed by a disciplinary guideline to preserve its typical features; however, postharvest infections by the fungusBotrytis cinerea(B. cinerea) not only represent a phytosanitary problem but also cause a significant loss of product. In this study, we tested a treatment with mild ozoniztion on grapes for Amarone wine production during withering in thefruttaio(the environment imposed by the disciplinary guideline) and evaluated the impact on berry features by a multimodal imaging approach. The results indicate that short and repeated treatments with low O3concentrations speed up the naturally occurring berry withering, probably inducing a reorganization of the epicuticular wax layer, and inhibit the development ofB. cinerea,blocking the fungus in an intermediate vegetative stage. This pilot study will pave the way to long-term research on Amarone wine obtained from O3-treated grapes.
Development of HP-TLC method for rapid quantification of sugars, catechins, phenolic acids and saponins to assess Yam (Dioscorea spp.) tuber flour quality
Authors: Lebot V. , Malapa R. , Molisalé T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEight yam species (Dioscorea spp.) represented by 522 accessions (landraces and hybrids) were analysed for the individual sugars, catechins, phenolic acids and saponins contents of their tuber flours. Maltose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were quantified. Reducing sugars mean values were highly variable within species and ranged from 0.16%dry weight (DW) (SD ± 0.12) in D. dumetorum to 3.15%DW (±2.49) in D. esculenta. Maltose was detected only in D. esculenta. Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and other phenolic acids ranged from 4.33 mg/g DW in D. bulbifera to 4.87 mg/g in D. alata and 9.55 mg/g in D. nummularia but were not detected in other species. Catechins (epicatechin and catechin) were highest in D. bulbifera bulbils (25.18 mg/g) and tubers (6.96 mg/g), and lowest in D. esculenta (0.32 mg/g). Their content is significantly correlated with dark flour colour and they most likely contribute to the oxidation of tuber flesh. Saponins (dioscin and gracillin) were quantified in only two species: D. cayenensis (5.94 mg/g, SD ± 3.78) and D. esculenta (3.74 mg/g, SD ± 3.72). Varietal selection may tend to reduce sugars levels and increase secondary metabolites with bioactive properties. HP-TLC is a suitable technique for the rapid quantification of compounds related to yam tuber flour quality.
Renaming schizophrenia: 5 × 5
Authors: Guloksuz Sinan , van Os Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere had been a long way to go before we felt comfortable about even discussing the issues revolving around the concept of ‘schizophrenia’, let alone reckoning on mere semantic revision. In this editorial, we aim to extend our discussion on the reasons behind the slow death of the concept of ‘schizophrenia’ and the benefits of changing the name and embracing a spectrum approach with an umbrella psychosis spectrum disorder (PSD) category (similar to autism spectrum disorder) that goes further than a mere semantic revision. We attempted to cover the topic of the renaming by providing five most pertinent points categorised under five domains: reasons, signals, challenges, promises and steps for the change. Admittedly, even a modest revision, such as classifying all psychotic disorder categories under an umbrella category of PSD, and abolishing the term schizophrenia requires careful deliberation and some effort in the beginning, but the revision is well worth the effort considering the benefits in the long run. Renaming a particular form of mental suffering should be accompanied by a broader debate of the entire diagnosis-evidence-based-practice (EBP)-symptom-reduction model as the normative factor driving the content and organisation of mental health services that may be detached from patients’ needs and reality, overlooks the trans-syndromal structure of mental difficulties, appraises the significance of the technical features over the relational and ritual components of care, and underestimates the lack of EBP group-to-individual generalisability. Individuals may make great strides in attaining well-being by accommodating to living with mental vulnerabilities through building resilience in the social and existential domains. Changing the name and the concept of ‘schizophrenia’, which goes beyond a mere semantic revision, may become the first step that allows catalysation of the process of modernising psychiatric science and services worldwide.
Method for Analysis of the Effect of Geomagnetic Disturbances on Ultraviolet Airglow Intensity
Authors: Putis M. , Bobik P. , Mackovjak S. 
Published: October 2018

Airglow is a dynamic phenomenon which depends on the geographical location, season, local time, geomagnetic activity, and other conditions. Variations in UV nighttime airglow (300–500 nm) caused by magnetospheric disturbances for several selected points around globe are presented in this study. Used airglow intensity data were evaluated in empirical model Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code. We focus on points around the auroral oval position for very disturbed magnetosphere (Kp = 8) and positions chosen for the Airglow MONitor network. This network will consist of a set of small one pixel detectors, designed for long time measurements. A simple statistical method was developed for long time data analysis of geomagnetic disturbances of airglow. Results of the method for planned stations are presented.
S‐Wave Receiver Function Analysis of the Pampean Flat‐Slab Region: Evidence for a Torn Slab
Authors: Haddon A. , Porter R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlat‐slab subduction is an atypical form of subduction where the downgoing plate assumes a low‐angle or subhorizontal geometry as it descends beneath the overriding plate. These systems have profound impacts on upper‐plate deformation and volcanism, yet there are outstanding questions regarding the causes, initiation, and termination of flat‐slab subduction. The Pampean flat‐slab region, located in the South American Cordillera, is an ideal locale to study the evolution of these systems due to its well‐constrained geologic history and the continuity of subduction along the western margin of the continent. In this work, we utilize S wave receiver functions (SRFs) to measure the thicknesses and geometry of the subducting Nazca plate lithosphere and the overriding South American plate within the region. Results from this study show overthickened Nazca Plate crust (~15–20 km thick) in the flat‐slab region. Prior to the slab steepening, SRFs indicate a velocity increase rather than a decrease at the top of slab crust, which is consistent with a transition from basalt to eclogite within the crust as it dehydrates. Margin parallel cross sections are consistent with differing transitions between flat‐subduction and more‐typical subduction occurring to the north and south. In the north, the transition appears to be gradual, consistent with slab bending. To the south, SRFs indicate an abrupt change, consistent with slab tearing. These differences are consistent with significant variations in slab rheology along the margin, which may reflect differing thermal regimes. This work has global implications for the three‐dimensional effects of flat‐slab subduction.
Structure and Variability of the Martian Ion Composition Boundary Layer
Authors: Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Brain D. A. , Luhmann J. G. , DiBraccio G. A. , Connerney J. E. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA complex boundary layer with a variety of charged particle and electromagnetic field signatures, including a transition between plasma predominantly of solar wind origin and plasma of planetary origin, lies between the Martian bow shock and the ionosphere. In this paper, we develop and utilize algorithms to autonomously identify and characterize this ion composition boundary (ICB), using data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission. We find an asymmetric ICB with a larger average thickness, lower altitude, and lower velocity shear in the hemisphere where the solar wind motional electric field points outward, as a result of the asymmetry of the mass loading process. The ICB thickness scales with the magnetosheath proton gyroradius at the top of the boundary layer but does not clearly vary with external drivers. The ICB location varies with solar wind ram pressure and crustal magnetic field strength, but does not clearly respond to solar wind Mach number or extreme ultraviolet irradiance. The ICB represents a distinct boundary for ion density and flow speed, but the magnetic field strength and direction typically do not vary significantly across the ICB. The plasma density and flow speed at the ICB vary seasonally, likely in response to variations in the neutral exosphere and/or atmosphere. However, the ICB on average remains at or below the altitude where pressure balance is achieved between the piled up magnetic field and the solar wind ram pressure, regardless of season or crustal magnetic field strength.
Tidal Mixing Sustains a Bottom‐Trapped River Plume and Buoyant Coastal Current on an Energetic Continental Shelf
Authors: Wu Tianning , Wu Hui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConventional wisdoms on river plume dynamics suggest that a down‐shelf buoyant coastal current will ultimately be trapped at a specific depth, that is, the trapping depth, as constrained by riverine outflow and offshore bottom Ekman transport. Theoretically, a prerequisite down‐shelf current is necessary to form a stable bottom‐trapped river plume. In this study an alternative is described by carrying out a modeling study on the Zhe‐Min Coastal Current (ZMCC). Buoyant water from the Changjiang River is a major factor driving the ZMCC, as is common in bottom‐trapped river plumes; however, the trapping depth is more determined by tidal mixing. When the plume water comes to the sloping topography, strong tidal mixing induces a mixing front, shoreward of which the bottom Ekman layer occupies the entire water column. Such a tidal‐induced front maintains a down‐shelf frontal current, which is intensified both at the surface due to the thermal wind balance and on the top of bottom boundary layer due to the tidal rectification. Direct wind‐induced transport only covers a small fraction of the ZMCC; however, it redistributes the plume water and, thus, affects the coastal current. The tide‐induced frontal trapping depth varies much less between seasons than that predicted by previous plume theories. Instead, it fluctuates strongly in the spring‐neap cycle. Even in summer when upwelling‐favorable winds prevail, the mixing front still sustains a down‐shelf coastal current. Intense tidal mixing exists in many coastal waters, which might be an alternative mechanism in forming bottom‐trapped river plumes and their associated buoyant coastal current.
Prokinetics for Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Pittayanon Rapat , Yuan Yuhong , Bollegala Natasha P , Khanna Reena , Lacy Brian E. , Andrews Christopher N. , Leontiadis Grigorios I. , Moayyedi Paul 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Prokinetics are recommended for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) but systematic reviews give conflicting results on the efficacy of these agents. We have therefore conducted an updated systematic review to support the 2017 joint ACG/CAG dyspepsia guidelines.

METHODS:
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL, were searched until September 2017 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing either prokinetics and placebo or two types of prokinetics to improve FD symptoms. The primary outcome was absence or improvement of dyspeptic symptoms at the end of treatment. Double-blind eligibility assessment and data extraction was performed. Pooled risk ratios of symptoms persisting or adverse events occurring, and standardized mean difference of quality-of-life (QoL) scores with 95% CI, using a random effects model, were calculated. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE.

RESULTS:
The search identified 1388 citations; 38 studies in 35 papers were included. Of these, 29 trials comparing prokinetics with placebo were found. There was a statistically significant effect of prokinetic treatment in reducing global symptoms of FD (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89; I2 91%; NNT 7), regardless of FD subtype or ethnicity. When comparing two types of prokinetic, the most commonly used comparator was domperidone. There was no difference in reducing global symptoms (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.07). QoL was not improved with prokinetic treatment. The adverse events with individual prokinetics were not different from placebo, except for cisapride. The GRADE assessment rated the quality of the evidence in each outcome as very low.

CONCLUSIONS:
From the current evidence, prokinetics may be effective for the treatment in all subtypes of FD, with very low quality of evidence. There was no difference between prokinetics for dyspeptic symptom improvement. High-quality RCTs with large sample sizes of FD patients are needed to verify the efficacy of prokinetics.
miR-3178 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting Notch1 in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kong Peng , Chen Lie , Yu Muxin , Tao Jing , Liu Jiawei , Wang Yue , Pan Hong , Zhou Wenbin , Wang Shui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poorer outcome than other subtypes of breast cancer, and the discovery of dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) and their role in tumor progression has provided a new avenue for elucidating the mechanism involved in TNBC. In this study, we identified that miR-3178 was significantly reduced in TNBC, and the low miR-3178 expression correlated with poor overall survival in TNBC but not in non-TNBC. The ectopic overexpression of miR-3178 suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Notch1 was validated as the direct target gene of miR-3178, which was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-3178 decreased the expression of Notch1 and restoration of Notch1 expression attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-3178 on cell proliferation, metastasis, and the EMT in TNBC. miR-3178 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting Notch1 in TNBC, and the restoration of miR-3178 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
Inhibiting repulsive guidance molecule-a suppresses secondary progression in mouse models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tanabe Shogo , Fujita Yuki , Ikuma Kaori , Yamashita Toshihide 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by motor deficits, fatigue, pain, cognitive impairment, and sensory and visual dysfunction. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is a progressive form of MS that develops from relapsing-remitting MS. Repulsive guidance molecule-a (RGMa) has diverse functions, including axon growth inhibition and immune regulation. Here, we show inhibiting RGMa had therapeutic effects in mouse models of SPMS. We induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in nonobese diabetic mice (NOD-EAE mice) and treated them with humanized anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody. This treatment significantly suppressed secondary progression of disease and inflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration. In addition, treatment with anti-RGMa antibody promoted the growth of corticospinal tracts and motor recovery in targeted EAE mice with inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord. Collectively, these results show that a humanized anti-RGMa antibody has therapeutic effects in mouse models of SPMS.