bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Iodine Concentration in Commonly Consumed Salt and Its Potential Impact on Household Consumers: An Examination and Assessment of Consumed Salt
Authors: Islam Md Shahedul , Habib Mohammad Asadul , Alam Mohammad Anwar Ul , Halima Oumma , Parvin Nusrat , Karim Md. Rezaul , Shanna Abdur Rahman , Romel Rifat Jahan , Sakib Abdur Rahman , Islam Mohammad Ariful 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIodine deficiency disorder (IDD) can lead to health issues as it is necessary for metabolic functions. This study investigated the iodine content of commonly consumed salt and the potential impact on daily iodine requirements and IDDs.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was employed using multistage cluster sampling among 240 households, dividing them into eight clusters from four stratified areas. The sampled salts were analyzed using the World Health Organization's iodometric titration method.ResultsThe study revealed that most salt samples from the studied brands had an iodine content within the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) recommended range of 20–50 ppm, with two exceptions. The study found that most socioeconomic groups in cities, towns, and semirural areas meet their daily iodine requirements at over 100%. At the same time, many rural homes, regardless of income, fail to meet these requirements. However, the study found iodized salt in 97.9% of all surveyed households. Although 48.3% of unions, that is, rural respondents, was knowledgeable about the existence of iodized salt, 66.7% of respondents was not aware of the health benefits of iodized salt. Surprisingly, 63.3% of the town's household members and 61.7% of the rural population still consume raw salt. Additionally, 79.6% of individuals reported having no IDDs. However, only 44.2% of thyroid patients used iodine supplements.ConclusionAlthough salt usage and consumption practices are satisfactory, there are still a few concerns about the 100% iodization of branded and raw salts. As a result, many households need help to satisfy their daily iodine requirements.
Adaptive Prescribed‐Time Control for Marine Surface Vehicles: A Time‐Varying Gain Approach
Authors: Zeng Daohui , Liang Yanhua , Liu Yongchao , Zhao Jie , Cai Chengtao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates an adaptive prescribed‐time control scheme for marine surface vehicles (MSVs). Based on the introduced time‐varying gain function, this article provides a sufficient condition for practical prescribed‐time stability. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the prescribed‐time controller design. The upper bound of the settling time can be accurately preset by adjusting the design parameters. Furthermore, adaptive parameter technique is utilized to handle the unknown lumped disturbances. Theory confirms that the tracking error of the MSV satisfies the conditions for practical prescribed‐time stability. The superiority and effectiveness of the scheme are verified through simulation analysis.
Study of a Cable‐Driven Hip Swimming‐Assisted Exoskeleton Utilizing Adaptive Active Control Strategy
Authors: Chen Longwen , Hu Dean 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe power‐assisted exoskeletons have a far‐reaching research significance. The adaptive active control strategy (AACS) of the exoskeleton allows the wearers to achieve personalized assistance tailored to their specific movement patterns and physical needs. However, due to the high requirements for waterproof design and the high difficulty in underwater AACS design, the researches on underwater power‐assisting exoskeletons are hardly to be seen. Therefore, this research proposes a cable‐driven hip swimming‐assisted exoskeleton (SAE) utilizing an AACS. SAE can generate adaptive power‐assisting guiding trajectories of thighs by underwater motion intention perception (UMIP) of the wearer. To achieve UMIP, a deep learning network is presented by combining conventional neural network, bidirectional long short‐term memory network, and attention mechanism (AM‐Dconvbilstm). SAE guides the wearer's thighs to move along the generated guiding trajectory by UMIP through the cables to conduct hip power assisting. The feasibility of the proposed AM‐Dconvbilstm on UMIP and the power‐assisting effect of designed SAE are tested on three elite swimmers by recording corresponding data from IMUs and a sports watch. According to the results of generated trajectories from SAE and actual trajectories from the wearer, the proposed AM‐Dconvbilstm model is verified to predict the wearer's hip motion intention accurately. The power‐assisting effect of SAE is also verified according to the sports watch's heart rate and average energy consumption. All the experiment results greatly validated the feasibility of the proposed AACS and designed SAE.
Ecological Functions of Autumn Olives for Improving Vegetation Species Diversity and Habitat Conditions Supporting Their Growth: A Study of Tedorigawa River, Japan
Authors: Taya Yuuki , Denda Masaotoshi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThus far, no studies have quantitatively investigated the ecological functions of wood communities for increasing vegetation species diversity and promoting supportive habitat conditions for their growth. To fill this gap, this study investigates the ecological function of the autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata var. umbellata) community, a typical native wood community of Japan. We selected the Tedorigawa River, a representative rapid river of Japan, as a case‐study subject and conducted field surveys to investigate the relationships between the autumn olive, black locust, and oriental wormwood‐kawarahako communities (among six total vegetation communities) and their respective species compositions. Hydraulic simulations helped investigate significant differences in the cover ratio of native species that grow in rivers and alien species and, differences in the physical and environmental characteristics among the three typical vegetation communities in the river channel (native grass community, native wood community, and alien wood community). The results showed that autumn olives support the growth of native species that prefer wet conditions and control alien species' growth. This ecological function is supported by the characteristic hierarchical structure of autumn olives, including low‐density trunks and leaves and low height, which create bright light conditions in the community. The autumn olive community was also found to obstruct flood flow, which enhances the deposition of fine sediments and nutrients. These characteristics enhance wet conditions to support the growth of native species that prefer these conditions.
A Two‐Year Evaluation of Biostimulant Effects on Yield and Quality Parameters of Tomato Landrace ‘Pizzutello Delle Valli Ericine’ Cultivated Without Irrigation
Authors: Iacuzzi Nicolò , Tuttolomondo Teresa , Farruggia Davide , Tortorici Noemi , Alaimo Federica , De Santis Diana , Rossini Francesco , Di Miceli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of biostimulants in agriculture provides a sustainable and efficient technology to improve resource‐use efficiency. Biostimulants may boost vegetative growth, enhancing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is sensitive to drought stress, particularly during fruit setting and fruit development stages. In Italy, long‐storage tomato genotypes characterised by drought resistance were selected. In this 2‐year study, the foliar application of different biostimulants (betaine, seaweed extracts, vegetal protein hydrolysate and animal protein hydrolysate) was evaluated to determine effects on yield and quality of a local tomato landrace (Pizzutello) cultivated in Sicily without irrigation. The highest dry matter (9.9%) and solid soluble content (6.9° Brix) were observed in plants treated with betaine. Plants treated with A. nodosum or animal protein hydrolysate showed the highest potassium concentrations, whereas those supplied with vegetal protein hydrolysate had the highest calcium concentrations. Tomato treated with betaine were found to have the highest nitrate concentrations. The highest marketable yield (13.8 t ha−1) was recorded in plants treated with vegetal protein hydrolysate, with an increase of 17.4% compared to the control plants. The highest unmarketable yield was observed in control plants and in those treated with betaine (1.1 t ha‐1). In conclusion, we can say that each biostimulant had a different effect on the different parameters analysed. Overall, the application of biostimulants has improved tomato growth, productivity and quality in limited water conditions. Our results highlight the potential of biostimulant applications to optimise both the yield and fruit quality of renowned local varieties. This study demonstrated the improvement in the agronomic performance of the Pizzutello tomato, which is particularly significant not only in response to the growing consumer demand for high‐quality traditional tomatoes, but also for the enhancement of the technological traits valued by the food industry.
Thermal Shielding Gd3TaO7‐Based Thermal Barrier Ceramic with Ultralow NIR Transmittance
Authors: Xie Enyu , Chen Guoliang , Wang Shuqi , Zou Yongchun , Zhang Jianghong , Wang Yaming , Zhao Qingyuan , Wang Jiazhi , Ouyang Jiahu , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMost thermal barrier coating materials exhibit transparent/semi‐transparent properties at higher temperatures, causing the surface heat flow to directly heat the substrate with infrared radiation, which significantly reduces the thermal barrier effectiveness. Herein, composite ceramic materials composed of GdFeO3 diffusely dispersed within the Gd3TaO7 are produced. Specifically, the 0.9Gd3TaO7/0.1GdFeO3 composition demonstrates an ultra‐low near‐infrared (NIR) transmittance of less than 0.1% across the 400–2500 nm range. The introduction of variable‐valence behavior and oxygen vacancies contribute to the narrow bandgap of GdFeO3. The incorporated GdFeO3 produces extra multimode vibrations, resulting in the strong infrared emissivity of Gd3TaO7/GdFeO3 composite ceramics. Besides, the refractive index difference between Gd3TaO7 and GdFeO3 can contribute to the potential photons scattering within the composites, severely impeding the infrared radiation penetration. The upward curvature of the thermal conductivity curve of 0.9Gd3TaO7/0.1GdFeO3 at high temperature is significantly suppressed, confirming its excellent IR radiation shielding properties. Moreover, the Gd3TaO7/ GdFeO3 composite ceramic exhibits thermal suitability, with a thermal expansion coefficient (9.47–9.67 × 10−6 K−1 at 1400 °C) comparable to YSZ. These combined benefits position the Gd3TaO7/ GdFeO3 composite ceramic system as a promising candidate for the development of infrared radiation shielding and high‐emissivity thermal radiation materials.
Unveiling Trigonal Anti‐Prismatic Structure and Stacking Sequences in InTe
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Kwon Young‐Kyun , Yi Gyu‐Chul , Kim Miyoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolymorphic phases of 2D van der Waals layered materials attract significant research interest due to their diverse properties. There is a growing need to synthesize novel polymorphs and explore their atomic‐level structures. In this study, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is used to grow indium telluride, a III–VI metal chalcogenide with promising applications, on graphene substrates. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the grown layers exhibit both the well‐known trigonal prismatic structure and a less common trigonal anti‐prismatic structure, leading to novel stacking sequences. The stability of this unconventional structure is further analyzed using density functional theory calculations, and its potential topological properties are investigated. These findings indicate that III–VI metal chalcogenides are capable of forming polymorphs with diverse symmetries and topological phases beyond their conventional structures. Furthermore, MBE proves to be a viable method for synthesizing such polymorph.
Kinetic Process of Graphene Growth from Dual‐Carbon Sources on Alpha Alumina
Authors: Yu Chaojie , Liang Fushun , Shi Jianjian , Jing Zhiyu , Sun Xiucai , Yin Wanjian , Qi Yue , Zhang Guangping , Sun Xiaoli , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs a new member of the super graphene‐skinned materials family, graphene‐skinned alumina material integrates the excellent characteristics of graphene and alumina, with characteristics like high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, light weight, and has broad application prospects in integrated circuits, electric heating, wind power deicing. Based on density functional theory, the cracking, migration of major carbon species, nucleation, and edge growth of ethylene and acetylene on the α‐Al2O3(0001) plane are investigated. The results show that: 1) α‐Al2O3 substrate has metal‐like catalytic activity, the pyrolysis products of C2H2 and C2H4 carbon sources are C2H and C2H2, respectively, and the main active species on the substrate surface are C2H; 2) The adsorption properties and nucleation rate of C2H on the substrate surface are better than C2H2, but C2H is more difficult to migrate than C2H2, and their migration energy barriers are 2.80/0.88 eV, respectively; 3) The microscopic mechanism of the preparation of graphene‐skinned alumina materials by dual‐carbon sources is that: the dual‐carbon sources are cracked into C2H and C2H2, then C2H nucleates to form graphene nuclei on the substrate surface, finally C2H2 participates in the edge growth of graphene on the substrate, and the AC(Armchair) edge growth rate is faster.
Effect of Dietary Fortification With Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces Meal on Egg Production and Egg Quality of Japanese Quail (Coturnixcoturnix japonica)
Authors: Ndlovu Nomagugu , Erlwanger Kennedy H. , Chivandi Eliton 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUse of synthetic feed additives in poultry production is associated with negative consumer health outcomes hence the need to make use of natural alternatives. We investigated the effect of fortifying Japanese quail pullet diets with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces meal (HSCM) on egg production and egg quality. A standard Japanese quail layer diet was supplemented with HSCM at 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) in Diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Ninety 5‐week‐old Japanese quail hens were randomly allocated to and fed the layer diets for 56 days. Feed intake, egg production, egg quality and the egg albumen and yolk proximate content and fatty acid profiles were determined. Dietary fortification with HSCM reduced feed intake (p < 0.001) but did not affect feed conversion ratio of the quail (p > 0.05). The meal reduced (p < 0.0001) the number of eggs laid but did not affect external and internal egg quality (p > 0.05). Dietary fortification with HSCM at 10% significantly reduced the egg fat content but increased linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (p < 0.05) content. Although H. sabdariffa calyces meal increased egg nutritional value, its use as a dietary supplement in laying hens may result in reduced productivity affecting profitability.
A study of the extended‐range weather forecasts by artificial intelligence models Pangu‐Weather and FengWu
Authors: He Y. H. , Chan P. W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe year of 2023 saw the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) global weather forecasting models. In a real‐time operational forecasting context, the performance of AI‐based global models Pangu‐Weather and FengWu in the extended‐range beyond 10 days and up to 15 days ahead is reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on significant weather impacting eastern and southern China. We find that AI models may extend the global forecast range, in certain skill categories, by a couple of days beyond the 240h range when compared to conventional numerical weather prediction models.
Heat and mass transfer analysis on magnetohydrodynamics Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow with Hall current, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects over a stretched surface
Authors: Sankaralingam Karthik , Damodharan Iranian , Albidah Abdulrahman B. , Khan Ilyas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study primarily explores the influence of the Hall current on Powell–Eyring nanofluid within the framework of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over an extending surface. The research comprehensively explores critical factors, including heat source, radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion, utilizing a combination of partial differential equations (PDEs) and ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Subsequently, these equations are mathematically elucidated using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method in MATLAB under specified boundary conditions. The study aims to provide new insights into the complex interplay among the Hall current, heat source, radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Within the MHD framework, the equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are systematically derived. Major findings reveal the significant influence of the Hall current and magnetic field strength on fluid flow behavior, indicating potential control mechanisms for optimizing heat transfer in nanofluid‐based industrial processes. That nanoparticle distribution also offers valuable insights for tuning nanofluid properties. The study emphasizes the importance of visual representation through graphs and tables. These outcomes contribute to a more comprehensive consideration of nanoparticle behavior, with practical implications for optimizing complex industrial systems using nanofluid.
Continuous Operators from Spaces of Lipschitz Functions
Authors: Bargetz Christian , Kąkol Jerzy , Sobota Damian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the existence of continuous (linear) operators from the Banach spaces

$${{\,\textrm{Lip}\,}}_0(M)$$

Lip

0

(
M
)

of Lipschitz functions on infinite metric spaces M vanishing at a distinguished point and from their predual spaces

$$\mathcal {F}(M)$$

F
(
M
)

onto certain Banach spaces, including C(K)-spaces and the spaces

$$c_0$$

c
0

and

$$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

. For pairs of spaces

$${{\,\textrm{Lip}\,}}_0(M)$$

Lip

0

(
M
)

and C(K) we prove that if they are endowed with topologies weaker than the norm topology, then usually no continuous (linear or not) surjection exists between those spaces. It is also showed that if a metric space M contains a bilipschitz copy of the unit sphere

$$S_{c_0}$$

S

c
0

of the space

$$c_0$$

c
0

, then

$${{\,\textrm{Lip}\,}}_0(M)$$

Lip

0

(
M
)

admits a continuous operator onto

$$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

and hence onto

$$c_0$$

c
0

. Using this, we provide several conditions for a space M implying that

$${{\,\textrm{Lip}\,}}_0(M)$$

Lip

0

(
M
)

is not a Grothendieck space. Finally, we obtain a new characterization of the Schur property for Lipschitz-free spaces: a space

$$\mathcal {F}(M)$$

F
(
M
)

has the Schur property if and only if for every complete discrete metric space N with cardinality d(M) the spaces

$$\mathcal {F}(M)$$

F
(
M
)

and

$$\mathcal {F}(N)$$

F
(
N
)

are weakly sequentially homeomorphic.
Deference to opaque systems and morally exemplary decisions
Authors: Fritz James 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany have recently argued that there are weighty reasons against making high-stakes decisions solely on the basis of recommendations from artificially intelligent (AI) systems. Even if deference to a given AI system were known to reliably result in the right action being taken, the argument goes, that deference would lack morally important characteristics: the resulting decisions would not, for instance, be based on an appreciation of right-making reasons. Nor would they be performed from moral virtue; nor would they have moral worth. I argue that, even if these characteristics all have intrinsic value, that intrinsic value has no practical relevance to decisions about whether to defer to AI. I make that point by drawing on a lesson from the literature on moral testimony. Once it is granted that deference to a reliable source is the policy most likely to bring about right action, a refusal to defer carries with it a heightened risk of wronging and mistreating people. And that heightened risk of wrongdoing, I argue, cannot be justified by appeal to the intrinsic value of striving for a morally exemplary decision-making process.
„Left bundle branch (area) pacing“: Sondenpositionierung und Erfolgskriterien – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Schmitt Joern , Althoff Till , Busch Sonia , Chun KR Julian , Dahme Tillman , Ebert Micaela , Estner Heidi , Gunawardene Melanie , Heeger Christian , Iden Leon , Jansen Henning , Johnson Victoria , Maurer Tilman , Rillig Andreas , Rolf Sascha , Sommer Philipp , Steven Daniel , Tilz Richard Roland , Duncker David 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas „left bundle branch area pacing“ ist die aktuell verbreitetste Form der physiologischen Stimulation vor der His-Bündel-Stimulation. Sie soll die Entstehung einer schrittmacherinduzierten Kardiomyopathie verhindern bzw. beheben und kommt immer häufiger zum Einsatz. Um diese erfolgreich durchführen zu können, bedarf es neben einer Materialkunde v. a. der Kenntnis der spezifischen Anatomie und Röntgenanatomie sowie der EKG-Kriterien einer Linksschenkelstimulation. Dieser Artikel fast die technischen Voraussetzungen und Schritte einer erfolgreichen Implantation zusammen und zeigt Fallstricke auf.
Towards the synthesis of UDP-apiofuranose
Authors: Pasini Irene , Osswald Uwe , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApiose is a rare sugar present in cell-wall glycans of all higher plants. Apiosyltransferases use uridine diphosphate-α-d-apiofuranose (UDP-Api) to biosynthesize apiose-containing pectic polysaccharides, namely rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) and apiogalacturonan. However, the study of apiosyltransferases is hampered by the limited availability of UDP-Api. Here, we report the challenging chemical synthesis of α-apiosyl 1-phosphate as the key intermediate towards UDP-Api synthesis. Various protecting group patterns and synthetic routes, including phosphoglycosylation, phosphorylation of the hemiacetal, and phosphorylation of the anomeric bromide were screened. The latter strategy enabled the synthesis of apiosyl 1-phosphate with good α-selectivity (α:β = 5:1). Additionally, we describe a pyrophosphate coupling reaction of the synthesized glycosyl 1-phosphate with commercially available uridine-monophosphate morpholidate to obtain UDP-Api. This test reaction was monitored by 31P-NMR spectroscopy, which showed formation of the desired product and its partial hydrolysis due to an unwanted intramolecular cyclisation typical of 1,2-cis UDP-sugars.
Graphical abstract