bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glitch time series and size distributions in eight prolific pulsars
Authors: Fuentes J. R. , Espinoza C. M. , Reisenegger A. 
Published: September 2019

Context. Glitches are rare spin-up events that punctuate the smooth slow-down of the rotation of pulsars. For the Vela pulsar and PSR J0537−6910, their large glitch sizes and the times between consecutive events have clear preferred scales (Gaussian distributions), contrary to the handful of other pulsars with enough glitches for such a study. Moreover, PSR J0537−6910 is the only pulsar that shows a strong positive correlation between the size of each glitch and the waiting time until the following one.
Aims. We attempt to understand this behaviour through a detailed study of the distributions and correlations of glitch properties for the eight pulsars with at least ten detected glitches.
Methods. We modelled the distributions of glitch sizes and of the times between consecutive glitches for the eight pulsars with at least ten detected events. We also looked for possible correlations between these parameters and used Monte Carlo simulations to explore two hypotheses that could explain why the correlation so clearly seen in PSR J0537−6910 is absent in other pulsars.
Results. We confirm the above results for Vela and PSR J0537−6910, and verify that the latter is the only pulsar with a strong correlation between glitch size and waiting time to the following glitch. For the remaining six pulsars, the waiting time distributions are best fitted by exponentials, and the size distributions are best fitted by either power laws, exponentials, or log-normal functions. Some pulsars in the sample yield significant Pearson and Spearman coefficients (rp and rs) for the aforementioned correlation, confirming previous results. Moreover, for all except the Crab pulsar, both coefficients are positive. For each coefficient taken separately, the probability of this happening is 1/16. Our simulations show that the weaker correlations in pulsars other than PSR J0537−6910 cannot be due to missing glitches that are too small to be detected. We also tested the hypothesis that each pulsar may have two kinds of glitches, namely large, correlated ones and small, uncorrelated ones. The best results are obtained for the Vela pulsar, which exhibits a correlation with rp = 0.68 (p-value = 0.003) if its two smallest glitches are removed. The other pulsars are harder to accommodate under this hypothesis, but their glitches are not consistent with a pure uncorrelated population either. We also find that all pulsars in our sample, except the Crab pulsar, are consistent with the previously found constant ratio between glitch activity and spin-down rate, ν̇g/|ν̇| = 0.010±0.001, even though some of them have not shown any large glitches.
Conclusions. To explain these results, we speculate except in the case of the Crab pulsar, that all glitches draw their angular momentum from a common reservoir (presumably a neutron superfluid component containing ≈1% of the star’s moment of inertia). However, two different trigger mechanisms could be active, a more deterministic one for larger glitches and a more random one for smaller ones.
Die Rotatorenmanschettenläsion
Authors: Tauber Mark 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Rotatorenmanschettenläsion gehört zu den häufigsten Pathologien des
Schultergelenks und stellt in der zweiten Lebenshälfte die Hauptursache von
Schulterschmerzen dar. Individuelle Faktoren müssen bei der Suche nach einer
optimalen Behandlung stets berücksichtigt werden, wobei grundsätzlich auch klare
objektive Parameter existieren, die für eine OP-Indikation sprechen oder den
Status der Rotatorenmanschette als irreparabel einstufen lassen.
Zertifizierung: „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“
Authors: Elsner P. , Pfister W. , Schliemann S. 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Fachgebiet der Dermatologie umfasst die Vorbeugung, Erkennung, konservative und operative Behandlung, die Nachsorge und Rehabilitation von Krankheiten der Haut sowie von Geschlechtskrankheiten. Historisch war die Dermatologie stark durch infektiöse Hautkrankheiten und sexuell übertragbare Infektionen geprägt wie Tuberkulose und Lepra, Syphilis und Gonorrhoe, aber auch virale Hautkrankheiten wie Pocken-, Herpesvirus- und HPV-Infektionen. Nicht nur die Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionskrankheiten der Haut gehören zum Fachgebiet der Dermatologie, sondern auch deren spezifische Prävention, für die sich in den vergangenen Jahren neue Möglichkeiten durch die Verfügbarkeit von Impfstoffen ergeben haben.Die Deutsche Dermatologische Akademie (DDA) hat daher mit dem Zertifikat „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot auf diesem zunehmend wichtigen Teilgebiet der Dermatologie geschaffen.Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“ werden in einem ganztägigen Modul (8 Stunden) vermittelt; auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungsveranstaltungen ist möglich.Die Seminare sind interaktiv; bestimmend ist die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel (2 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden.
Ultrasound-Guided Proximolateral Approach for Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath Injection in the Horse: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Horne Caitlyn R. , Redding William R. , Ru Hongyu , Schnabel Lauren V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to define a reliable ultrasound-guided proximolateral approach (PLA) for injection of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) in horses that would be as accurate as the landmark-guided basilar sesamoidean approach (BSA).
Study Design Forty cadaveric limbs with no palpable effusion or DFTS abnormalities were randomly and evenly distributed between one senior (WRR) and one resident clinician (CRH) and between ultrasound-guided PLA and landmark-guided BSA groups. Limbs were injected with contrast, radiographed, and dissected. For each injection, the following was recorded: clinician, order of injection, number of attempts, if contrast was present within the DFTS, and if a structure other than the DFTS was penetrated.
Results The ultrasound-guided PLA resulted in a greater number of successful injections into the DFTS than the landmark-guided BSA (19/20 vs. 16/20, respectively) with significantly fewer attempts (p = 0.03). The ultrasound-guided PLA also resulted in significantly less penetration of the surrounding soft tissue structures compared with the landmark-guided BSA (p = 0.02). Neither clinician experience nor injection number within the series was determined to have an effect on injection outcome.
Conclusions The ultrasound-guided PLA to the DFTS is accurate and technically easy to perform. This approach should be considered for synoviocentesis of the DFTS, particularly in cases in which effusion is not present to reduce soft tissue trauma.
GABA enzymatic assay kit
Authors: Nishiyama Tatsuya , Sulistyaningdyah Woro Triarsi , Ueda Kenji , Kusakabe Hitoshi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We developed an enzymatic assay system enabling easy quantification of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The reaction of GABA aminotransferase obtained from Streptomyces decoyicus NBRC 13977 was combined to those of the previously developed glutamate assay system using glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. The three-enzyme system allowing GABA-dependent dye formation due to the oxidative coupling between 4-aminoantipyrine and Trinder’s reagent enabled accurate quantification of 0.2 − 150 mg/L GABA. A pretreatment mixture consisting of glutamate oxidase, ascorbate oxidase and catalase eliminating glutamate, ascorbate, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, was also prepared to remove those inhibitory substances from samples. Thus, constructed assay kit was used to measure the GABA content in tomato samples. The results were almost the same as that obtained by the conventional method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The kit will become a promising tool especially for the on-site measurement of GABA content in agricultural products.
Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe
Authors: Ottelin Juudit , Heinonen Jukka , Nässén Jonas , Junnila Seppo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Urbanisation increases household carbon footprints in developing economies. However, the results from developed countries have varied, particularly in Europe. This study provides a coherent comparison of the impact of the degree of urbanisation on income, expenditure and carbon footprints in Europe. On average, carbon footprints are 7% lower in cities than in rural areas when income and household characteristics are controlled. However, this is compensated by the 6% higher average income in cities. The patterns are not uniform in all countries. In Eastern Europe, the pattern is similar to other developing regions. In some Western European countries, both the income level and the carbon footprints are lower in urban areas than in rural areas. In the rest of Europe, the differences in income level between rural and urban areas are small, but they still largely compensate for the efficiency benefits of urban areas. We call for more systemic emissions accounting and climate strategies.
An analytic study of the Wiedemann–Franz law and the thermoelectric figure of merit
Authors: Yadav Aakash , Deshmukh PC , Roberts Ken , Jisrawi NM , Valluri SR 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Advances in optimizing thermoelectric material efficiency have seen parallel activities in theoretical and computational studies. In the current work, we calculate the exact Fermi–Dirac integrals to enable the generalization of the Wiedemann–Franz law (WF) in order to enhance the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit

ZT
=

α

2

σ

/

κ

. This is done by optimizing the Seebeck coefficient α, the electrical conductivity σ, and the thermal conductivity κ in terms of the Lambert W, and the generalized Lambert W functions (offset log). In the calculation of the thermal conductivity κ, we include both electronic and phononic contributions. The solutions provide insight into the relevant parameter space including the physical significance of complex solutions and their dependance on the scattering parameter r and the reduced chemical potential μ*.
Thermal stability of mobility in methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Hong Min Ji , Svadlenak Scott R , Goulas Konstantinos A , Labram John G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are a fascinating class of photovoltaic materials; possessing distinctive optoelectronic properties and simple processing routes. The most significant remaining barrier to commercialization is their poor stability under ambient conditions. While the stability of electronic parameters in this class of material has been studied extensively, to date the overwhelming majority of such studies have been carried out using PV devices. The presence of electrodes and transport layers in this approach involves both implicit encapsulation, and modification of interface properties. To develop an extensive understanding of environmental stability of electronic properties in MHPs, it is crucial to study the electronic properties of the material in isolation, rather than in a finished device. In this work, we have studied the thermal stability of electronic properties of solution processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). MAPbI3 thin films were subjected to extended periods of elevated temperatures before their electronic properties were probed using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC), a contactless technique enabling extraction of a proxy for the material’s mobility, without the need to form a device. The films were analysed with x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study the impact of temperature on film microstructure. We observed an increase in average Pb-I bond length with increased annealing temperature.
Is phenotypical prefrailty all the same? A longitudinal investigation of two prefrailty subtypes in TILDA
Authors: Romero-Ortuno Roman , Scarlett Siobhan , O’Halloran Aisling M , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFried’s frailty phenotype is defined by five criteria: exhaustion, unexplained weight loss, weakness, slowness and low physical activity. Prefrailty (PF) meets one or two criteria. PF is of interest as a target for preventative interventions, but it is not known if it is a homogenous syndrome.Objectiveto compare the longitudinal trajectories of two PF groups: one defined by exhaustion and/or unexplained weight loss (PF1) and one defined by one or two of the following: weakness, slowness, low physical activity (PF2).Design and settingpopulation-based longitudinal study of ageing.SubjectsOne-thousand four-hundred seventy-six PF participants aged ≥50 years from wave 1 of the study (2010), followed 2-yearly over four longitudinal waves (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018).Methodsgeneralised estimating equations (GEEs) were used to assess the effect of PF type across waves to predict cumulative mortality and disability in basic activities of daily living (ADL) and independent ADL (IADL), adjusting for baseline characteristics (age, sex, education, living alone, self-rated health, comorbidity, body mass index).Resultsin wave 1, there were 503 PF1 and 973 PF2 participants. By wave 5, 38 (7.6%) PF1 and 145 (14.9%) PF2 participants had died. In PF1 participants, mean numbers of ADL and IADL disabilities both increased from 0.1 to 0.2 from wave 1 to wave 5, whilst in PF2 increases were from 0.2 to 0.5. Adjusted GEE models suggested significantly divergent trajectories of IADL disability by wave 2, ADL disability by wave 3 and mortality by wave 3.ConclusionPF may not be a homogenous biological syndrome.
Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) exclusion on plant recovery in overwash fans after a severe coastal storm
Authors: Kilheffer Chellby R , Underwood H Brian , Ries Lindsay , Raphael Jordan , Leopold Donald J 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe documented the impacts of an abundant deer population on dune vegetation recovering from severe storm surge on a barrier island through use of permanent plots and a repeated measures analysis. Three years after landfall of the storm, vegetation cover was dominated by American beachgrass, Ammophila breviligulata, though we observed 12 plant species among plots surveyed. We documented significantly greater vegetation cover in fenced than unfenced plots in overwash fans in two consecutive years. The difference in species richness between fenced and unfenced plots was significant, though richness was consistently low (≤4 species per plot) and we did not detect a statistically significant difference between years. Both deer trampling and foraging effects were captured in this study, though separation between these effects was not possible. Because trampling effects are often exacerbated on sandy soils, trampling and foraging effects should be isolated and investigated in future assessments of deer impacts on coastal vegetation. Managing deer to lower abundance may enhance coastal resilience if vegetation is allowed to recover unimpeded by foraging and trampling, though a better understanding of the precise nature of deer impacts on dune vegetation is necessary.
Set cover-based methods for motif selection
Authors: Li Yichao , Liu Yating , Juedes David , Drews Frank , Bunescu Razvan , Welch Lonnie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Motivation
De novo motif discovery algorithms find statistically over-represented sequence motifs that may function as transcription factor binding sites. Current methods often report large numbers of motifs, making it difficult to perform further analyses and experimental validation. The motif selection problem seeks to identify a minimal set of putative regulatory motifs that characterize sequences of interest (e.g. ChIP-Seq binding regions).

Results
In this study, the motif selection problem is mapped to variants of the set cover problem that are solved via tabu search and by relaxed integer linear programing (RILP). The algorithms are employed to analyze 349 ChIP-Seq experiments from the ENCODE project, yielding a small number of high-quality motifs that represent putative binding sites of primary factors and cofactors. Specifically, when compared with the motifs reported by Kheradpour and Kellis, the set cover-based algorithms produced motif sets covering 35% more peaks for 11 TFs and identified 4 more putative cofactors for 6 TFs. Moreover, a systematic evaluation using nested cross-validation revealed that the RILP algorithm selected fewer motifs and was able to cover 6% more peaks and 3% fewer background regions, which reduced the error rate by 7%.

Availability and implementation
The source code of the algorithms and all the datasets are available at https://github.com/YichaoOU/Set_cover_tools.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MUFold-SSW: a new web server for predicting protein secondary structures, torsion angles and turns
Authors: Fang Chao , Li Zhaoyu , Xu Dong , Shang Yi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Protein secondary structure and backbone torsion angle prediction can provide important information for predicting protein 3D structures and protein functions. Our new methods MUFold-SS, MUFold-Angle, MUFold-BetaTurn and MUFold-GammaTurn, developed based on advanced deep neural networks, achieved state-of-the-art performance for predicting secondary structures, backbone torsion angles, beta-turns and gamma-turns, respectively. An easy-to-use web service will provide the community a convenient way to use these methods for research and development.

Results
MUFold-SSW, a new web server, is presented. It provides predictions of protein secondary structures, torsion angles, beta-turns and gamma-turns for a given protein sequence. This server implements MUFold-SS, MUFold-Angle, MUFold-BetaTurn and MUFold-GammaTurn, which performed well for both easy targets (proteins with weak sequence similarity in PDB) and hard targets (proteins without detectable similarity in PDB) in various experimental tests, achieving results better than or comparable with those of existing methods.

Availability and implementation
MUFold-SSW is accessible at http://mufold.org/mufold-ss-angle.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predictors of Flares in Infliximab-treated Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Chabot Caroline , Le Berre Catherine , Baumann Cédric , Remen Thomas , De Carvalho Bittencourt Marcelo , Danese Silvio , Mercier Clémence , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Bonneton Marjorie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne third of pediatric IBD patients who initially respond to infliximab (IFX) lose that response over time. This retrospective study, including 62 children treated with IFX from 2004 to 2017, aimed to identify factors associated with clinical flare. Ulcerative colitis, extreme body mass index, and lowest IFX trough levels were associated with clinical flare in the whole population. In Crohn disease patients, perianal disease was pejorative, while location proximal to ligament of Treitz was protective. Underweight patients probably correspond to the most severe cases who are more likely to relapse, with hypoalbuminemia responsible for lower systemic IFX availability. Obesity probably induces higher IFX clearance.
A novel monoclonal antibody targeting aggregated transthyretin facilitates its removal and functional recovery in an experimental model
Authors: George Jacob , Rappaport Maya , Shimoni Sara , Goland Sorel , Voldarsky Igor , Fabricant Yacov , Edri Orly , Cuciuc Valeri , Lifshitz Shay , Tshori Sagi , Fassler Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac amyloidosis typically manifests as heart failure with preserved left ventricular function due to extracellular plaques comprising aggregated TTR. Despite recent success in halting disease progression with a TTR stabilizer and encouraging preliminary findings with TTR silencers, these agents are not targeting preexisting plaques. Herein, we report the development of a novel monoclonal antibody capable of attenuating experimental cardiac amyloidosis.

Methods and results
We generated an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against aggregated TTR that immunoprecipitated the protein in the sera of patients with wild-type ATTR (wtATTR) and robustly stained cardiac plaques from patients. The antibody was shown to facilitate aggregated-TTR uptake by various myeloid cells and to protect cardiomyocytes from TTR-inducible toxicity. In a novel in vivo model of wtATTR amyloidosis, the antibody enhanced the disappearance of the pyrophosphate signals attesting for a rapid amyloid deposit removal and degradation and also exhibited improved echocardiographic measures of cardiac performance. Importantly, a capture ELISA developed based on the antibody exhibited higher levels of aggregated TTR in the sera of wtATTR amyloidosis patients as compared to control patients with heart failure suggesting a potential applicability in diagnosis and pharmacodynamic guidance of dosing.

Conclusion
We developed a proprietary antibody targeting aggregated TTR that exhibits beneficial effects in a novel experimental wtATTR model and also possesses a potential diagnostic utility. The antibody could potentially be tested as a disease modifying agent in ATTR amyloidosis.
Dual-Task Gait Assessment in a Clinical Sample: Implications for Improved Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lowe Deborah A , MacAulay Rebecca K , Szeles Dana M , Milano Nicholas J , Wagner Mark T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Research has longitudinally linked dual-task gait dysfunction to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk. Our group previously demonstrated that dual-task gait speed assessment distinguished between subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and MCI in a memory clinic setting, and also found that differences in dual-task gait speed were largely attributable to executive attention processes. This study aimed to reproduce these findings in a larger diverse sample and to extend them by examining whether there were group differences in single- versus dual-task cognitive performance (number of letters correctly sequenced backward).

Method
Two-hundred fifty-two patients (M age = 66.01 years, SD = 10.46; 119 MCI, 133 SCC) presenting with cognitive complaints in an academic medical setting underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and gait assessment (single- and dual-task conditions).

Results
Patients with MCI walked slower and showed greater decrement in cognitive performance than those with SCC during dual-task conditions. Neuropsychological measures of executive attention accounted for significant variance in dual-task gait performance across diagnostic groups beyond demographic and health risk factors.

Discussion
Reproduction of our results within a sample over four times the previous size provides support for the use of dual-task gait assessment as a marker of MCI risk in clinical settings.