bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and spatial aspects of the riverside areas development in cities of the Silesian Voivodeship
Authors: Pancewicz Alina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The subject of the article are rivers in urbanized areas with a particular role of introducing functional and spatial changes in areas adjacent to rivers. The research concerns the contemporary ways of transforming and introducing new development in the urban riverside areas of the Silesian Voivodeship. The experiences of recent years have shown the diversity of creative activities leading to the shaping of the new image and landscape identity of the cities. This diversity results from the changing economic, political, social, cultural or natural conditions. The new directions of development of areas located along the rivers also play a significant role. Research presents selected activities undertaken on a local and regional scale. They reflect ways to search roads towards sustainable cities. Improving the quality of riverside public spaces is associated with the desire to improve the living conditions of urban communities. This process depends on the financial, legal and organizational possibilities as well as the willingness of the municipal authorities. Some of the undertaken activities are a reflection of the aspirations of local communities for whom a well and safely developed riverside space becomes a place of the nearest recreation and leisure. The article objective is to show the possibilities and limitations of the riverside areas development and the use of river potentials in the cities of the Silesian Voivodeship. It is also an attempt to answer the questions whether these activities are sufficient to create riverside public spaces, if they meet the needs of residents, to complete the functional and spatial urban structure, and whether the effect of these activities is visible in the cities landscape of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Community engagement as a sustainable tool in transforming mass housing urban structures. Case study of Petržalka estate, Bratislava, Slovakia
Authors: Kasala Viktor , Smatanova Katarina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Engagement of public in the planning and design of our cities is one of the most basic foundations of the democratic society and is directly reflected on the quality of life of each individual. The public participation is necessary at least from two reasons - firstly, in order to define the real needs of local residents, and secondly, to gather feedback on the top-down of proposed regulations and planning documents. Especially in the countries after transition, a particular environment of panel mass housing estates presents a specific challenge to meet these trends. These areas can be characterised by lack of identity and individual attachment of local resident to their everyday spaces, the lack of demarcated public/private spaces - or, in other words - the plethora or “shared” no-one space. This leads to serious problems for city officials. The lack of organised communities means very difficult position in acquainting the inhabitants with development of the district, for example the area of central axis which was planned as main transport and facilities corridor but which was never built and so today has become a huge abandoned space. In Slovakia, at the same time, the areas of mass housing areas represent at least 70% of the whole housing stock, and the methods of their sustainable transformation are therefore an urgent topic for many urban planners and municipality offices. The proposed article deals with the case of redevelopment of area in mass housing estate in Petržalka, part of the capital of Bratislava in Slovakia, based on the piloting various different methods of community involvement and community building. Furthermore, the article contributes to the general topic of finding the balanced tools of planning and regulating the sustainable city development and applicability of proposed methods as a standard urban design and planning tool from the municipal level.
Shaping of Public Space in Downtown Area on the Example of the City of Częstochowa
Authors: Solkiewicz-Kos Nina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The author deals with the evolution of public spaces in the city of Częstochowa over the years. The choice of a medium-sized city such as Częstochowa results from a broader analysis of cities that are important in Polish history and belong to the culture-creating places of the nation. In such places one should expect, above all, urban and architectural solutions that emerge from the uniqueness of the place and its role - a pilgrimage city, an academic and tourist centre. On the basis of collected archival, cartographic and photographic materials, the author presents changes in selected urban spaces from the early 20th century to modern times. Selected examples of urban spaces are located in the key places of the compositional axis of the urban layout of the city and play a vital role in the minds of inhabitants. The first example showing urban changes in downtown areas is the urban park zone near the Jasna Góra monastery. This area stayed at the beginning of the composition canvas for the urban layout of the city of Częstochowa (1826). The location of the area and historical background creates a huge potential of the place attracting city residents as well as tourists and pilgrims. Secondly, The central part of the historical urban axis of the city is Biegański Square. The urban development program developed by the city authorities assumed the elimination of vehicular traffic and the creation of a cohesive public space in the city centre (2011). Thirdly, urban spaces of the city and the Old Market Square are discussed. This is the area closing the historical axis of the Częstochowa urban foundation. This problematic area requires revitalization activities in response to contemporary functional requirements and newly defined social needs. The discussed changes within the urban space illustrate the process of transforming these areas into special places - important for the urban development of the city.
Sea defences design in the vicinity of a river mouth: the case study of Lignano Riviera and Pineta
Authors: Petti Marco , Pascolo Sara , Bosa Silvia , Uliana Erika , Faggiani Matteo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To guarantee the proper functioning of sea defences over a medium-long period, the knowledge of the complex interaction between tidal currents and nearshore wave field is fundamental in order to estimate the longshore sediment transport. In particular, the morphological evolution of coastal environments close to river mouths is deeply affected also by the riverine sediment transport, which can contribute to the overall coastal balance of erosion and deposition processes. Groynes are commonly used to intercept the longshore sediment transport and to stabilize the littorals, as the case of Lignano beach near the Tagliamento river mouth. In particular, the groyne closest to the river has been shortened in the recent years, influencing in this manner the coastline balance. In this study, a numerical model coupling a morphodynamic model and a wave generation spectral model has been used to study the effects of the variation of the groyne length on the beach. Results are presented and discussed, showing that the numerical modelling can be used for the sea defences design to improve the integrated coastal zone planning and management.
Stakeholders - an Important Part of a Sustainable City Concept
Authors: Vitkova Lubica , Urban Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cities and their representatives need to respond adequately to societal, economic, cultural, climatic and demographic changes that are reflected in new concepts of transformation and the development of spatial urban structures. These changes and new approaches that are linked to responsibility towards the environment and the sustainability of cities require a larger number of professionals from different fields and disciplines to be involved in planning processes. Due to the fact that the behaviour of its inhabitants (their habits and their lifestyles) has a major influence on the character of the present city, it cannot be limited to rational and technical approaches. Which planning methods should be applied in the concepts of sustainable, gradual and vital transformation of space, city and landscape? Which entities should be involved in the planning process? How to communicate with stakeholders? What tools should be applied when designing with the long-term perspective of gradual transformation of space, city and landscape? The submitted contribution deals with these questions and examines them on the implemented project - DANUrB. It aims to evaluate the cultural and landscape heritage in selected small and medium-sized towns along the Danube, through the involvement of stakeholders. The contribution presents the research and the applied methodology connected with stakeholder engagement in the process of seeking a vision aimed at making their city more attractive through cultural tourism. As part of the project’s research, a methodology for data collection, common to all participating partners (university institutions, municipal and regional authorities) was established. The methodology was aimed at gaining a wide range of stakeholder information, including their requirements and expectations for the future development of their respective territory, including the identification of interest in active participation. The methodology was applied to selected small and medium towns along the Danube. Our partners in the project in Slovakia are the towns of Komárno and Štúrovo. We have therefore researched the stakeholders with links to these cities and their surroundings. Part of the research is also a comparison of the stakeholders’ approach in individual cities, depending on the nature of the city and its cultural background.
Strength of Unreinforced Joints of Masonry Walls Made of AAC Masonry Units
Authors: Jasinski Radoslaw , Galman Iwona 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental tests performed on six wall joints. The tests were performed on the models made of AAC blocks with thin joints and unfilled head joints. The joints were constructed as traditional masonry joints. The tests were performed in a dedicated test stand in which force was transferred linearly along the whole height of the wall. Specimens were loaded in one cycle until failure. The paper discusses the mode, morphology and mechanism of failure, and analyses the load–displacement relationships which allowed to define the phases of joint behaviour. By applying code procedures, authors provide the parameters required for the design of the joints. Using the values of cracking and failure forces obtained in experimental tests characteristic strengths at the moment of cracking and failure were determined. The obtained shear strengths were compared with the code values specified by Eurocode 6.
Building Information Modeling in Small and Middle Sized Buildings – Case Study
Authors: Grzyl Beata , Migda Wojciech , Apollo Magdalena 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology designed to improve and integrate all engineering aspects in the construction design process. Tools that incorporate the idea of BIM are becoming more advanced and also more popular. Available software solutions have already reached an assumable high level of development, but still are not as widespread and used on nearly as many construction projects as could be expected. Therefore the aim of this paper is to show the advantages and limitations of BIM by looking at projects of small and middle sized buildings from the conventional (2D) and BIM approach perspective. The study was based on the present projects executed in Poland and first-hand experience. In addition, the paper also presents a literature review and the results of a survey on the level of knowledge and scope of BIM technology application in Pomerania (Poland). The results of the study indicate that, against common opinion, BIM software is not only useful for large investments, but can also be recommended for the design of small and middle sized buildings. Presented case study reveals, that the use of BIM in smaller projects also provides significant advantages, especially in the context of time consumed for the design process.
Liquid Spaces: Understanding of Urban Spatial Networks through the Human Data
Authors: Novacek Oto , Diezka Milos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Today’s cities are changing faster than ever before, mainly because they have ability to produce spaces for everyone, but only when they are produced by everyone [1]. This phenomenon was even multiplied with enhanced informatisation and digitalisation. It would be wrong to perceive Smart City only as plain product of technological innovations. New markets are rising and new types of behaviour are emerging hand in hand with technological innovations [2]. Therefore technological innovations, mainly than enhanced communication and digitalisation change the habits of analogue civilisation towards more liquid spaces. Cities are forced to adapt to those changes in order to stay competitive. Therefore it seems that traditional planning reaches its limits and can’t fully address challenges produced by such change, which makes it unsustainable approach on the long term perspective. Project aims to develop set of tools and approaches towards creation of more liveable and resilient cities of 21. century by combining modern technologies, and humanocentric approach. Focus should be put on the research of relationship between the technological innovations (namely digitalisation and enhanced communication) and societal changes that transforms into material (urbanised) environment [3]. Understanding of urban spatial structures via gathering and analysing a new type of information about the city – the data – plays a key role in the research. As such, focus will be put on the analysis of urban structures through the online and offline participatory platform (Emotional maps), spatial footprint of the city (Master plan and field research), and segment analysis of the city’s structure (Space Syntax).
History and Evolution of Full Bricks of Other European Countries
Authors: Fiala Jan , Mikolas Milan , Fiala Junior Jan , Krejsova Katerina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In our article, where we have named History and evolution of full bricks of other European countries where we focused on the full brick, which is the main construction material since the year 1964. Since the year 1964, many other products were created which replaced bricks in some parts of the constructions and buildings. I also named variations types in individual states of Europe. I focused on the progress up to nowadays. The history of brick reaches up to the year 8300 BC. During the period of 10000 years, the brick has been the main construction material. It made its breakthrough in constructing of vertical constructions. Wars in the medieval times, destruction and burning of wood structures made extreme progress/development among brick buildings and constructions. It made constructional expansive possible from low one-story buildings to many story buildings. The brick was also able to unite functionally and esthetic. The brick is able to resist many centuries. It is recyclable, without any health dangers, anti-allergic, none fire able, chemically resistant. The brick became the basic constructional point since the19th century until now. It has been used on many vertical buildings which resist to all weather conditions, full-fill esthetical and functional work.
Numerical Study of Application of PCM for a Passive Thermal Energy Storage System for Space Cooling in Residential Buildings
Authors: Rucevskis Sandris , Akishin Pavel , Korjakins Aleksandrs 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, effectiveness of phase change materials (PCMs) for application in passive thermal energy storage (TES) system for space cooling in residential buildings is investigated numerically. PCM is encapsulated in steel containers and integrated into the building interior under a ceiling slab. Thermal response of two phase change materials with different melting/solidification temperatures under the typical summer conditions of the Baltic States is analysed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Ansys Fluent. The results showed that integration of the passive TES system can reduce the overheating problem and improve thermal comfort; however full advantage of the PCM storage capacity cannot be taken without active regeneration of the PCM.
Evaluating the Aesthetics and Ecology of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Latvia
Authors: Veinberga Maija , Zigmunde Daiga 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The current situation of planning and managing urban green spaces in Latvia suggests that there is a necessity for new concepts for improving the aesthetic and ecological quality of public green spaces developed in the Soviet era. Urban green spaces with high qualities in both characteristics are assumed to be more attractive for local residents and to provide better conditions for ecological processes. Thus, there is much discussion on how to balance aesthetics and ecology in the urban environment – and whether both can be optimised or whether there are trade-offs. The aim of this research was to consult experts from different scientific fields and to clarify and rank criteria used for assessing the aesthetics and ecology of urban green spaces. Twelve criteria were selected for the landscape assessment from different theories of aesthetics and ecology: compositional unity, uniqueness, coherence with architecture, condition of constructed elements, decorative quality of plants, maintenance and upkeep, naturalness, landscape typicality, wilderness, the presence of wildlife, vegetation structure and the use of local plants. These were assessed and analysed through a combination of a Delphi study and in-depth expert interviews of twelve Latvian and foreign experts from different fields (architecture, landscape architecture, biology, environmental science). The data obtained from the research were processed with mathematical statistics methods such as determination of descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test. The results include a summary of expert statements of definitions, assessment methods and characteristics of selected criteria. The correlation of criteria showed differences in the experts’ opinions. Naturalness was one of the most important criterions according to both, Latvian and foreign experts. Foreign experts more likely ranked Presence of wildlife as important compared to the Latvian experts. The results also showed differences on how experts could express criteria related to their research field. The final assessment of criteria confirmed the interconnections between the selected 12 criteria. Results of the criteria ranking discovered that all the experts got consensus on the most important criteria, while on not so important criteria experts shared different views. This research prepared criteria for the assessment of aesthetical and ecological values of green spaces according to definitions and rankings given by different experts.
Conception of Green Infrastructure as a Tool of City Development Planning
Authors: Nitavska Natalija , Zigmunde Daiga , Markova Madara 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The role of the greenery in the urban environment is priceless – both for maintaining ecological balance, and for enhancing visually aesthetic quality, as well as home for small habitats and the key to urban identity. The development of greenery structures in a city or part of a city is often chaotic and spontaneous – developing greenery only for certain objects and not linking it with one another. Planning of greenery in the urban environment is influenced by several regulatory documents, which mainly focus on the preservation of the existing greenery structure and the restrictions on the planning of the greenery. Unfortunately, the detailed guidelines for the planning of the greenery are not sufficiently reflected in the existing normative documents. The concept of greenery is one of the tools for urban planning that, together with other planning tools (infrastructure, spatial planning, architectural design, urban planning, economic urban development planning, etc.), forms a single framework for urban planning tools that helps to develop urban environment smoothly and identify priorities. The aim of the research is to develop a model of the concept of greenery of urban areas, which in practice can be used on the Latvian scale, as the planning document of greenery in local governments. The development of greenery plans and concepts has become topical in recent years and more and more municipalities are interested in this planning tool, which helps to plan the distribution of finances for maintaining the structure of greenery and developing new structure. In the last ten years, four concepts of greenery for medium-sized cities have been developed in Latvia.
Works of Karol Jankowski (1868-1928), Czesław Przybylski (1880-1936) and Rudolf Świerczyński (1883-1943) as the background for the changes in architectural design teaching at the Faculty of Architecture of Warsaw University of Technology in the 1920s
Authors: Agata Wagner Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The 20th century Polish architecture reached its turning point in the middle of the 1920s, a decade after the creation of the Faculty of Architecture at Warsaw University of Technology and soon after Poland had regained its independence. National forms emphasizing the autonomy and distinctiveness of Polish architecture were sought for and enhanced, which is characteristic of the first years of the Warsaw school of architecture. New aesthetic trends of the artistic avant-garde hailing from the West changed the perception of architecture. New, modern architectural perspectives were particularly enthusiastically received by the youngest generation of architectural adepts. Striving for simplicity, for purist forms, was related to the construction and logic of the materials used. Changes in the didactics that emphasised the significance of technical subjects and design resulted in a much more rationalistic approach to the problems of architectural design. These changes are also visible in the works of the professors - practitioners who at that time ran the Architectural Design Departments at the Faculty of Architecture at WUT. Using the works of Karol Jankowski, Czesław Przybylski and Rudolf Świerczyński as the example, I would like to present changes not only in the artistic approaches of the leading creators of Polish architecture of that period, but also those affecting the teaching at the Warsaw school of architecture. As the body of the written texts left by these outstanding teachers is relatively scant, their work remained the most powerful form of expression while assimilating innovative currents of the 1920s - a synthesis of their views and ideas contained directly in their architectural works.