bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors of disease severity in infants with sickle cell anemia: A comprehensive longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Brousse Valentine , El Hoss Sara , Bouazza Naïm , Arnaud Cécile , Bernaudin Francoise , Pellegrino Béatrice , Guitton Corinne , Odièvre‐Montanié Marie‐Hélène , Mames David , Brouzes Chantal , Picard Véronique , Nguyen‐Khoa Thao , Pereira Catia , Lapouméroulie Claudine , Pissard Serge , Gardner Kate , Menzel Stephan , Le Van Kim Caroline , Colin‐Aronovicz Yves , Buffet Pierre , Mohandas Narla , Elie Caroline , Maier‐Redelsperger Micheline , El Nemer Wassim , de Montalembert Mariane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn order to identify very early prognostic factors that can provide insights into subsequent clinical complications, we performed a comprehensive longitudinal multi‐center cohort study on 57 infants with sickle cell anemia (55 SS; 2 Sβ°) during the first 2 years of life (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01207037). Time to first occurrence of a severe clinical event—acute splenic sequestration (ASS), vaso‐occlusive (VOC) event requiring hospitalization, transfusion requirement, conditional/ abnormal cerebral velocities, or death—was used as a composite endpoint. Infants were recruited at a mean age of 4.4 ±1 months. Median follow‐up was 19.4 months.During the study period, 38.6% of infants experienced ≥1 severe event: 14% ASS, 22.8% ≥ 1 VOC (median age: 13.4 and 12.8 months, respectively) and 33.3% required transfusion. Of note, 77% of the cohort was hospitalized, with febrile illness being the leading cause for admission. Univariate analysis of various biomarkers measured at enrollment showed that fetal hemoglobin (HbF) was the strongest prognostic factor of subsequent severe outcome. Other biomarkers measured at enrolment including absolute neutrophil or reticulocyte counts, expression of erythroid adhesion markers, % of dense red cells, cellular deformability or ϒ‐globin genetic variants, failed to be associated with severe clinical outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher Hb concentration and HbF level are two independent protective factors (adjusted HRs (95% CI) 0.27 (0.11‐0.73) and 0.16 (0.06‐0.43), respectively). These findings imply that early measurement of HbF and Hb levels can identify infants at high risk for subsequent severe complications, who might maximally benefit from early disease modifying treatments.
“Mind the gap”—Assessing methods for aligning age determination and growth rate in multi‐molar sequences of dietary isotopic data
Authors: Scharlotta Ian , Goude Gwenaëlle , Herrscher Estelle , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Weber Andrzej W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesCreating multi‐tooth sequences of micro‐sampled stable isotope (SI) analytical data can help track 20+ years of individual dietary history. Inferences about individual and population level behavioral patterns require cross‐calibration of the timing of dietary changes recorded by each tooth. Dentin sections from contemporaneous tissues (eg, in M1 and M2) reflect dietary signature for the time of growth. Contemporary sections should produce similar values, allowing alignment of temporally overlapping portions of teeth into multi‐tooth sequences. Published methods for determining the ages of incremental sections do not provide guidance for adjustment when poor alignment between individual tooth sequences is encountered. The primary objective is to address this problem; examine cause(s), assess the effects of the standard growth‐model on available age‐assessment techniques, and provide a viable solution.MethodsInvestigating difficulty in aligning a 3‐molar sequence at Shamanka II, an Early Neolithic (7000‐5700 BP) Kitoi hunter‐gatherer cemetery in Cis‐Baikal, Siberia, we employed 10 age assessment models and 13 variants of 2 published growth rate methods on 3 individuals of different age and sex.ResultsAt Shamanka II, dentin initiation and/or growth rates were different from the mostly European, reference populations used to create published age‐estimation/growth rate models. Initiation ages for M2 and M3 were delayed. Root formation rates were on the rapid end of known development parameters.ConclusionsAge‐assessment methods customized to dentin initiation ages and growth parameters of Siberian populations produced a hybrid growth rate model for dentin section ages and improved alignment for multi‐tooth SI sequences over published models.
Reconstruction of human subsistence and husbandry strategies from the Iberian Early Neolithic: A stable isotope approach
Authors: Villalba‐Mouco Vanessa , Utrilla Pilar , Laborda Rafael , Lorenzo José Ignacio , Martínez‐Labarga Cristina , Salazar‐García Domingo C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Early Neolithic involved an important social and economic shift that can be tested not only with the material culture, but also through biomolecular approaches. The Iberian Peninsula presents few Early Neolithic sites where fauna and humans can be analyzed together from an isotopic perspective. Here we present an isotopic study on the site of Cueva de Chaves as an example for understanding the dietary and economical changes that took place during Early Neolithic in Iberia.Material and methodsHere we apply carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to bone collagen from 4 humans and 64 faunal samples from 14 different species. The large dataset belongs to the same unique chrono‐cultural context secured by 20 radiocarbon dates. Three direct new radiocarbon dates were carried out on the human remains analyzed.ResultsFaunal isotope values show no significant differences between wild and domestic herbivores, although the latter have more homogeneous values. Domestic pigs, potentially considered omnivorous, also show signatures of a herbivore diet. Human isotopic results show a diet mainly based on terrestrial C3 resources and possibly high meat consumption. The only individual found buried with a special funerary treatment presents a slightly different protein intake, when taking into account the long contemporaneous baseline analyzed.DiscussionSimilar values between wild and domestic species could be the result of common feeding resources and/or grazing on the same parts of the landscape. The herbivore diet seen amongst domestic pigs rules out feeding on household leftovers. High meat consumption by humans would support the hypothesis of the existence of a specialized animal husbandry management community in which agriculture was not intensively developed. Our results suggest that the development of agricultural practices and animal husbandry were not necessarily associated together in the early stages of the Western Mediterranean Neolithic.
Trabecular architecture and joint loading of the proximal humerus in extant hominoids, Ateles, and Australopithecus africanus
Authors: Kivell Tracy L. , Davenport Rebecca , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Thackeray J. Francis , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies have investigated potential functional signals in the trabecular structure of the primate proximal humerus but with varied success. Here, we apply for the first time a “whole‐epiphyses” approach to analysing trabecular bone in the humeral head with the aim of providing a more holistic interpretation of trabecular variation in relation to habitual locomotor or manipulative behaviors in several extant primates and Australopithecus africanus.Materials and methodsWe use a “whole‐epiphysis” methodology in comparison to the traditional volume of interest (VOI) approach to investigate variation in trabecular structure and joint loading in the proximal humerus of extant hominoids, Ateles and A. africanus (StW 328).ResultsThere are important differences in the quantification of trabecular parameters using a “whole‐epiphysis” versus a VOI‐based approach. Variation in trabecular structure across knuckle‐walking African apes, suspensory taxa, and modern humans was generally consistent with predictions of load magnitude and inferred joint posture during habitual behaviors. Higher relative trabecular bone volume and more isotropic trabeculae in StW 328 suggest A. africanus may have still used its forelimbs for arboreal locomotion.DiscussionA whole‐epiphysis approach to analysing trabecular structure of the proximal humerus can help distinguish functional signals of joint loading across extant primates and can provide novel insight into habitual behaviors of fossil hominins.
Ecological immunity of human milk: Life history perspectives from the United States and Kenya
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research has established population variation in anti‐inflammatory immunological biomarkers in human milk. This immunity is potentially ecology‐dependent and may alter the life history trade‐off between growth and maintenance in infants. The current study has two aims: (1) to assess the ecological differences in milk immunity in two populations, one from the urban U.S. and one from rural Kenya; and (2) to test the hypothesis that milk immunity can affect infant growth indicators.Materials and MethodsKenyan Ariaal (n = 233) and U.S. (n = 75) breastfeeding mother‐infant pairs participated in a cross‐sectional study at two separate field sites. Laboratory analysis was performed on milk for the anti‐inflammatory biomarkers TGF‐β2, sTNF‐αRI, sTNF‐αRII, and IL‐1ra using ELISA. Multiple imputation was used to extrapolate data below the limit of detection before multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were significant differences between U.S. and Kenyan mothers on all four milk biomarkers, with Kenyan mothers having significantly higher sTNF‐αRI and sTNF‐αRII and lower TGF‐β2 and IL‐1ra than U.S. mothers. U.S. mothers with higher milk TGF‐β2 and IL‐1ra have infants that are significantly longer and heavier for their age, while Kenyan mothers with higher sTNF‐αRI have significantly longer and heavier infants for their age, and those with higher TGF‐β2 have marginally significantly longer infants.DiscussionThere were significant differences in ecological milk immunity between U.S. and Kenyan mothers. These differences potentially play a role in the growth of their infants. Further research in milk immunity should consider the possibility of shared maternal–infant life histories.
Odontogenic abscesses in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Cayo Santiago
Authors: Li Hong , Luo Wenjing , Feng Anna , Tang Michelle L. , Kensler Terry B. , Maldonado Elizabeth , Gonzalez Octavio A. , Kessler Matthew J. , Dechow Paul C. , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesOdontogenic abscesses are one of the most common dental diseases causing maxillofacial skeletal lesions. They affect the individual's ability to maintain the dental structures necessary to obtain adequate nutrition for survival and reproduction. In this study, the prevalence and pattern of odontogenic abscesses in relation to age, sex, matriline, and living periods were investigated in adult rhesus macaque skeletons of the free‐ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico.Materials and MethodsThe skulls used for this study were from the skeletons of 752 adult rhesus macaques, aged 8–31 years, and born between 1951 and 2000. They came from 66 matrilines ranging from 1 to 88 individuals. Fistulae or skeletal lesions caused by odontogenic abscesses drainage, carious lesions, tooth fractures, tooth loss, and alveolar resorption were evaluated visually.ResultsSeventy‐two specimens (9.57%) had odontogenic abscesses of varying severity. Males had a significantly higher prevalence than females. The prevalence of odontogenic abscesses in several matrilines was significantly higher than in the population as a whole. Animals born between 1950 and 1965 tended to have a higher prevalence of odontogenic abscesses than those born in later periods.DiscussionThese results suggest that oral pathologies, such as dental and periodontal abscesses in rhesus macaques are fairly common, which may indicate familial effects interwoven with ecological and social factors. The closeness of the rhesus and human genomes allows insights to understand of the epidemiology of these diseases in the human population. Further assessment of the role played by environmental and familial factors on rhesus oral health and disease are warranted.
Latitude, urbanization, age, and sex as risk factors for vitamin D deficiency disease in the Roman Empire
Authors: Mays S. , Prowse T. , George M. , Brickley M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the study are to investigate the effects of latitude, settlement type, age, and sex on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency disease in the Roman Empire using human skeletal remains from cemetery sites (1st to 6th cent. AD).Materials and MethodsData from 2,787 individuals (1,143 subadults, 1,644 adults) from 18 cemeteries associated with 15 different settlements in the Mediterranean and north‐western Europe were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency disease (rickets, osteomalacia) was identified using standard paleopathological criteria. Multivariate statistical analysis was used analyze the effects of the variables of interest on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.ResultsThe overall prevalence of rickets in subadults (<20 years) was 5.7%, and 3.2% of adults showed osteomalacia and/or residual rickets. There was a positive association between rickets in subadults and latitude, with numerous cases of rickets among infants. There was no general association with sex or settlement type, although an elevated prevalence of rickets was observed at a cemetery associated with a settlement (Ostia, Italy), which had multi‐storey buildings.DiscussionThe association of rickets with latitude may reflect care practices that, in more northerly locations where solar radiation is less intense, placed infants at increased risk of insufficient sunlight exposure to permit adequate vitamin D biosynthesis. The elevated level of vitamin D deficiency at Ostia may reflect, at least in part, the lack of sunlight due to dense occupation of multi‐storey blocks that prevented direct sunlight from reaching living quarters and the streets between these closely spaced buildings.
Kinship and morphological similarity in the skeletal remains of individuals with known genealogical data (Bohemia, 19th to 20th centuries): A new methodological approach
Authors: Cvrček Jan , Velemínský Petr , Dupej Ján , Vostrý Luboš , Brůžek Jaroslav 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis article proposes a new approach, called the “similarity coefficient” (SC) for verifying family relationships from skeletal remains using nonmetric traits. Based on this method and further analyses, the authors aim to show the degree of similarity between individuals with varying degrees of kinship, including inbred individuals.Materials and MethodsOur sample includes the skeletal remains of 34 individuals with known genealogical data (four generations, 19th to 20th centuries). A total of 243 skeletal nonmetric traits were evaluated with respect to their anatomical characteristics. The SC was calculated by quantifying the agreement of trait occurrence between individuals. We also identified the traits that support the biological relationships of particular individuals by accounting for their population frequencies.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the morphological similarity of biologically related individuals and their biological distance. In some cases, we found greater degree of morphological similarity between first cousins than among other close relatives such as parents and children. At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of similarity between inbred individuals and common relatives. Proven family relationships were best reflected by cranial traits, especially bone bridges associated with the courses of blood vessels and nerves.ConclusionsThe use of skeletal nonmetric traits for the detection of relatives is possible. There is a relationship between biological distance and the degree of morphological similarity in related individuals. It also appears that inbreeding, despite previous assumptions, does not lead to a significant reduction in morphological variation.
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
Authors: Dunham Noah T. , McNamara Allison , Shapiro Liza , Hieronymus Tobin , Young Jesse W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesLaboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free‐ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high‐speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates.Materials and methodsThese methods were developed and applied to our research examining platyrrhine substrate use and locomotion at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. Modified GoPro cameras equipped with varifocal zoom lenses provided high‐resolution footage (1080 p.; 120 fps) suitable for digitizing gait events. We tested two methods for remotely measuring branch diameter: the parallel laser method and the distance meter photogrammetric method. A forestry‐grade laser rangefinder was used to quantify substrate angle and a force gauge was used to measure substrate compliance. We also introduce GaitKeeper, a graphical user interface for MATLAB, designed for coding quadrupedal gait.ResultsParallel laser and distance meter methods provided accurate estimations of substrate diameter (percent error: 3.1–4.5%). The laser rangefinder yielded accurate estimations of substrate orientation (mean error = 2.5°). Compliance values varied tremendously among substrates but were largely explained by substrate diameter, substrate length, and distance of measurement point from trunk. On average, larger primates used relatively small substrates and traveled higher in the canopy.DiscussionUltimately, these methods will help researchers identify more precisely how primate gait kinematics respond to the complexity of arboreal habitats, furthering our understanding of the adaptive context in which primate quadrupedalism evolved.
The role of infant life histories in the construction of identities in death: An incremental isotope study of dietary and physiological status among children afforded differential burial
Authors: Craig‐Atkins Elizabeth , Towers Jacqueline , Beaumont Julia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesIsotope ratio analyses of dentine collagen were used to characterize short‐term changes in physiological status (both dietary status and biological stress) across the life course of children afforded special funerary treatment.Materials and methodsTemporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from deciduous teeth of 86 children from four early‐medieval English cemeteries. Thirty‐one were interred in child‐specific burial clusters, and the remainder alongside adults in other areas of the cemetery. Isotope profiles were categorized into four distinct patterns of dietary and health status between the final prenatal months and death.ResultsIsotope profiles from individuals from the burial clusters were significantly less likely to reflect weaning curves, suggesting distinctive breastfeeding and weaning experiences. This relationship was not simply a factor of differential age at death between cohorts. There was no association of burial location neither with stage of weaning at death, nor with isotopic evidence of physiological stress at the end of life.DiscussionThis study is the first to identify a relationship between the extent of breastfeeding and the provision of child‐specific funerary rites. Limited breastfeeding may indicate the mother had died during or soon after birth, or that either mother or child was unable to feed due to illness. Children who were not breastfed will have experienced a significantly higher risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and infection. These sickly and perhaps motherless children received care to nourish them during early life, and were similarly provided with special treatment in death.
Effects of Hawking Radiation on the Entropic Uncertainty in a Schwarzschild Space‐Time
Authors: Wang Dong , Shi Wei‐Nan , Hoehn Ross D. , Ming Fei , Sun Wen‐Yang , Kais Sabre , Ye Liu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Heisenberg uncertainty principle describes a basic restriction on an observer's ability of precisely predicting the measurement of a pair of noncommuting observables, and virtually is at the core of quantum mechanics. Herein, the aim is to study the entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) under the background of a Schwarzschild black hole and its control. Explicitly, dynamical features of the measuring uncertainty via entropy are developed in a practical model where a stationary particle interacts with its surrounding environment while another particle—serving as a quantum memory reservoir—undergoes free fall in the vicinity of the event horizon of the Schwarzschild space‐time. It shows higher Hawking temperatures would give rise to an inflation of the entropic uncertainty on the measured particle. This is suggestive of the fact the measurement uncertainty is strongly correlated with degree of mixing present in the evolving particles. Additionally, based on information flow theory, a physical interpretation for the observed dynamical behaviors related with the entropic uncertainty in such a genuine scenario is provided. Finally, an efficient strategy is proposed to reduce the uncertainty by non‐tracing‐preserved operations. Therefore, our explorations may improve the understanding of the dynamic entropic uncertainty in a curved space‐time, and illustrate predictions of quantum measurements in relativistic quantum information sciences.
A Highly Active Molybdenum Phosphide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO and CO2
Authors: Duyar Melis S. , Tsai Charlie , Snider Jonathan L. , Singh Joseph A. , Gallo Alessandro , Yoo Jong Suk , Medford Andrew J. , Abild‐Pedersen Frank , Studt Felix , Kibsgaard Jakob , Bent Stacey F. , Nørskov Jens K. , Jaramillo Thomas F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMethanol is a major fuel and chemical feedstock currently produced from syngas, a CO/CO2/H2 mixture. Herein we identify formate binding strength as a key parameter limiting the activity and stability of known catalysts for methanol synthesis in the presence of CO2. We present a molybdenum phosphide catalyst for CO and CO2 reduction to methanol, which through a weaker interaction with formate, can improve the activity and stability of methanol synthesis catalysts in a wide range of CO/CO2/H2 feeds.
Regioselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Indolyl Cyclopentenamides by Chiral Anion Catalysis
Authors: Rajkumar Subramani , Wang Jiawen , Zheng Sujuan , Wang Donglei , Ye Xueqian , Li Xuejiao , Peng Qian , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe regioselective and enantioselective synthesis of β‐indolyl cyclopentenamides, a versatile chiral building block, by asymmetric addition of indoles to α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediates has been achieved through chiral anion catalysis. Key to the success of this methodology is the generation of a chiral anion‐paired ketone‐type α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediate from α‐hydroxy enamides. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations are consistent with a mechanism involving multiple, concurrent pathways for isomerization of the initially formed azaallylcation into the key α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediate, all mediated by the phosphoric acid catalyst.