bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Justice as Parity of Participation: Fraser’s Theory
Authors: Hargreaves Eleanore , Buchanan Denise , Quick Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores Nancy Fraser’s conceptualisation of social justice as parity of participation, drawing from her political science works. We describe how parity of participation implies all people having unobstructed access to equal participation in terms of access to wealth, access to status and access to political representation. While her works concern adults in social contexts, we argue that this lens onto social justice can be usefully employed to analyse children’s experiences of schooling too. This approach is especially useful in relation to children designated as ‘lower-attainers’ because of the high risks of their marginalisation in terms of participation in many aspects of schooling. The three aspects of injustice—that is, lack of parity of participation—include, according to Fraser, maldistribution, misrecognition and misrepresentation. In this book, we emphasise the second of these and explore in depth the circumstances that exacerbate the children’s sense of misrecognition (status subordination).
Motivational Orientations: Watkins’ Theory with Ryan and Deci’s Theories
Authors: Hargreaves Eleanore , Buchanan Denise , Quick Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the CLIPS project, we explored how the children were motivated at school and how their motivation influenced their engagement with learning in school, across their life-histories. Some children would respond to school-work primarily by feeling dominated by anxiety about failure in their performances; and punishments for failure. Others would focus on control structures such as school rules and control figures such as teachers who directed them to carry out their performances. These responses were likely to interfere with wholehearted engagement in school-learning because they aligned with the school-child’s sense that they had little or no power to achieve a task or initiate a change. Other children would react in an agentic way—whereby they were likely to reflect on their environment and make a conscious choice about how to respond to school-work most beneficially. The outcome for these children was likely to be whole-hearted engagement in intentional learning. Watkins (Learning, performance and improvement. Research Matters: The Research Publication of the International Network for School Improvement, 2010) has labelled this group of children as having a Learning Orientation; and the former two, the Performance Orientation. In the CLIPS study, most children had a Performance Orientation whereby they tried to get through schooling, without being punished and also without engaging intentionally with learning.
The Life-Histories
Authors: Hargreaves Eleanore , Buchanan Denise , Quick Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrawing on Ryan and Deci’s (“Step by Step”: Advances in motivation science (6). Elsevier Inc.:, Cambridge, MA, 2019) Causality Orientations Theory, we divided the 23 children in the CLIPS study into three groups. Within the Performance Orientation, we categorised GROUP (A) as Impersonal Performance Orientation, allied to a weak Sense of Agency and (B) as Controlled Performance Orientation, linked to a Sense of Restricted Agency. Within the Learning Orientation, we categorised GROUP (C) as Autonomous Learning Orientation, which was associated with a strong Sense of Agency. Using child-accessible language, we asked the 23 children in the CLIPS study to choose the one of these three that best represented them. In this chapter, we present the life-histories of all the children in each of the three groups. These were constructed by pulling together and interpreting all the data we collected for each child over the four years of the CLIPS project. Twelve children selected the Impersonal Performance Orientation. Their life-histories are presented in Sect. 6A: Abe, Harriet, Fin, Zeph, Gabriella, Michael, Mark, Jack, Laurie, Louise, Sam and Salah. Seven children chose the Controlled Performance Orientation, whose life-histories are provided in Sect. 6B: Gemma, Clara, Jon, Edith, Eden, Samiya and Ellie. Finally, in Sect. 6C, we present the life-histories of the four children who selected the Learning Autonomy Orientation: Musa, Rory, Santosh and Amin.
Introduction: Cybernetic Avatar
Authors: Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the potentially revolutionary impact of Cybernetic Avatars (CAs) as a new medium of communication, liberating individuals from physical limitations and enabling them to work more freely. Through CAs, people with disabilities and the elderly will gain new opportunities for social engagement. Moreover, we envision a more inclusive society where humans coexist with robots and AI, fostering diversity and collaboration. The chapter also explores the transformative initiatives of our JST Moonshot R&D Goal 1, and the social and ethical considerations inherent in a society in which CAs and humans are integrated.
Development of Cybernetic Avatars with Humanlike Presence and Lifelikeness
Authors: Ishiguro Hiroshi , Ogawa Kohei , Nakata Yoshihiro , Nakajima Mizuki , Shiomi Masahiro , Onishi Yuya , Sumioka Hidenobu , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Sakai Kazuki , Minato Takashi , Ishi Carlos T. , Nakamura Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCybernetic Avatars (CAs) are controlled by an operator through an interface that communicates movements, voice, or the intent of action. The operator can use the CA to perform activities remotely. In other words, the CA is the operator’s alter ego. Therefore, the CA should have humanlike presence and lifelikeness. This chapter introduces related research, focusing on the development of a humanlike and life-like CA along with its interface technology.
Human-Level Knowledge and Concept Acquisition
Authors: Harada Tatsuya , Gu Lin , Mukuta Yusuke , Suzuki Jun , Kurose Yusuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo increase productivity, it is expected that a single user is able to operate multiple cybernetic avatars (CAs). However, the limited attention span of the user makes it difficult to send direct instructions to all CAs. Therefore, this chapter describes the essential technologies for CAs that solve these problems and behave autonomously according to the user's intentions. First, the realization of spatio-temporal recognition capabilities that enable CAs to move autonomously in an environments that change from moment to moment is described. Following that, methods to implement continuous learning and memory mechanisms to facilitate acquired information reuse in the future are described. In general, the observed data are time series, and future predictions are important to provide appropriate support to users. The time series analysis method is then explained, which is the most important technology. Advanced natural language processing technology is necessary to capture intentions through dialogue with the user and to process large amounts of textual data as prior knowledge and common sense. Examples of the application of these fundamental technologies in the medical field are also presented.
Enhancing detection of underground nuclear tests with unconventional tracers
Authors: Pazdniakou Aliaksei , Mourzenko Valeri , Thovert Jean-François , Adler Pierre M. , Pili Eric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderground nuclear explosions (UNEs) can generate significant air flow that carry, in addition to the radionuclides produced by the explosion, naturally occurring tracers initially present in the surrounding rock or the overlying soil layer. Here we show that these tracers, observed not only at the monitoring sites but also at the test site, could be used to improve the monitoring of the radionuclides used to detect UNEs, which can be hampered by several factors. We first developed a model for non-isothermal single-phase flow, heat and mass transfer, and tracer transport through fractured porous media. Using the conditions relevant for the Punggye-ri site in North Korea as an example, we provide estimates for the emission of water vapor and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

at the test site, and for the emission of radon and radioxenon at the test site and at the Takasaki monitoring site in Japan. The influence of geological conditions is investigated. For a given monitoring station, it is possible to improve the detection of radioxenon from an underground nuclear explosion by detecting, shortly in advance, the emission of water vapor at the nuclear test site using satellite imagery. If $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

is contributed only from the soil layer and is then scavenged by the gas seeping from a UNE, it cannot be detected by satellite imagery. Radon cannot be detected at the monitoring site, although this gas species is contributed from everywhere by the rock medium, including the rock vaporized to form the cavity.
„Man sitzt in einer Seifenblase, während die anderen Menschen leben.“ – Perspektiven geflüchteter ukrainischer Mütter mit Kindern von 0–3 Jahren
Authors: Chakraverty Digo , Neumann Anna , Renner Ilona 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Situation von ukrainischen Eltern mit kleinen Kindern, die seit dem Krieg in der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflüchtet sind, ist bislang wenig bekannt. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens des Nationalen Zentrums Frühe Hilfen (NZFH) ist die Exploration der Perspektive dieser Gruppe auf ihr Leben in Deutschland. In der vorliegenden Analyse wird auf die Belastungen und Ressourcen der Eltern und ihre Kenntnis und Nutzung von Unterstützungsangeboten fokussiert.

Methoden
In 17 ca. einstündigen Interviews wurden von Oktober bis Dezember 2022 aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohene Eltern (16 Mütter, ein Vater) mit Kindern bis zu 3 Jahren befragt und ihre Antworten mittels strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse qualitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Als Belastungen beschrieben die Interviewten primär die psychische Belastung durch Krieg und Flucht, negative Emotionen wie Gefühle von Einsamkeit und Niedergeschlagenheit sowie Hindernisse bei der Integration. Ressourcen waren vor allem Netzwerke ukrainisch- und russischsprachiger Menschen in Deutschland sowie persönliche Ressourcen wie Selbstfürsorgekompetenz. Die Vermittlung von Angeboten geschah i. d. R. über elektronische Medien. Als besonders nützlich galten Angebote zur Kinderbetreuung, Sprachkurse und Unterstützung in Gesundheitsfragen. Fehlende Kinderbetreuung war der wichtigste Grund für die Nichtannahme weiterer Angebote.

Diskussion
Die psychischen Belastungen der Befragten indizieren einen Bedarf an möglichst muttersprachlichen Versorgungsangeboten. Kinderbetreuungsplätze können ukrainischen Eltern den Besuch integrationsförderlicher Sprachkurse ermöglichen. Die selbstorganisierten Netzwerke der ukrainisch- und russischsprachigen Community sollten bei der Entwicklung von Interventionen von Beginn an partizipativ eingebunden werden.
Effect of cutting fluid supply conditions on tool loads during continuous and interrupted orthogonal cutting
Authors: Liu Hui , Meurer Markus , Bergs Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn metalworking, cutting fluids play an important role by reducing heat and friction during machining, extending tool life, and improving surface finish. Although the positive effects of cutting fluid have been confirmed in many studies, the relevant cutting fluid parameters such as nozzle cross-section area and supply pressure, as well as their influence on the thermo-mechanical loads of the cutting tool, have been insufficiently investigated. This study investigates the effects of cutting fluid supply conditions on tool loads during continuous and interrupted orthogonal cutting processes. The research specifically addresses the impact of nozzle geometry and fluid jet orientation on the thermo-mechanical loads on the cutting tool, which have been underexplored in previous studies. A prototype tool holder, designed and additively manufactured for this purpose, allows for variations in nozzle geometry and jet orientation. Experiments were conducted under varying cutting parameters, nozzle geometries, and fluid pressures, with tool temperature being monitored through an embedded thermocouple. The results show that nozzle geometry significantly affects chip shape, which directly affects cooling efficiency and, consequently, tool temperature. The study also uses an inversely calibrated analytical model to analyze the tool temperature distribution, which shows that the highest temperatures occur in the tool-chip contact area, while temperatures outside this area decrease rapidly. In addition, the percentage of heat conducted into the tool decreases with increasing Péclet number, which is consistent in both continuous and interrupted cutting scenarios. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how cutting fluid nozzle design affects tool performance and establish a foundation for model-based temperature analysis in machining processes.
Coagulation Equations for Non-spherical Clusters
Authors: Cristian Iulia , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the long time asymptotics of a coagulation model which describes the evolution of a system of particles characterized by their volume and surface area. The aggregation mechanism takes place in two stages: collision and fusion of particles. During the collision stage, the two particles merge at a contact point. The newly formed particle has volume and area equal to the sum of the respective quantities of the two colliding particles. After collision, the fusion phase begins and during it the geometry of the interacting particles is modified in such a way that the volume of the total system is preserved and the surface area is reduced. During their evolution, the particles must satisfy the isoperimetric inequality. Therefore, the distribution of particles in the volume and area space is supported in the region where $$\{a\ge (36\pi )^{\frac{1}{3}}v^{\frac{2}{3}}\}$$

{
a
≥

(
36
π
)

1
3

v

2
3

}

. We assume the coagulation kernel has a weak dependence on the area variable. We prove existence of self-similar profiles for some choices of the functions describing the fusion rate for which the particles have a shape that is close to spherical. On the other hand, for other fusion mechanisms and suitable choices of initial data, we show that the particle distribution describes a system of ramified-like particles.
Unravelling the Holomorphic Twist: Central Charges
Authors: Bomans Pieter , Wu Jingxiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe holomorphic twist provides a powerful framework to study minimally protected sectors in supersymmetric quantum field theories. We investigate the algebraic structure underlying the holomorphic twist of $$\mathcal {N}=1$$

N
=
1

superconformal field theories in four dimensions. In particular, in holomorphically twisted theories the flavour and conformal symmetry algebras are enhanced to infinite-dimensional higher Kac Moody and higher Virasoro symmetry algebras respectively. We explicitly compute the binary and ternary $$\lambda $$
λ
-brackets and clarify their relation with the underlying infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra. Doing so we show that the central extensions of said symmetry algebras precisely encode the conformal anomalies a and c as well as the flavour central charges of the physical four-dimensional theory. This parallels the familiar story in two dimensions where the conformal anomaly c is encoded in the central extension of the Virasoro algebra.
Accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound to diagnose functional constipation and fecal impaction in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vos Johanna M. B. W. , Bloem Michelle N. , de Geus Anna , Leeflang Mariska M. G. , Spijker René , Koppen Ilan J. N. , Baaleman Desiree F. , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Functional constipation is common in children and accurate diagnostic methods are essential for early diagnosis and effective management. The diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound to diagnose functional constipation is unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transverse rectal diameter measurement via transabdominal ultrasound in diagnosing children with functional constipation and in identifying fecal impaction.

Materials and methods
Electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2023. Original studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of measuring transverse rectal diameter via transabdominal ultrasound, including children with and without functional constipation, or with and without fecal impaction were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Results
Sixteen studies were included (n = 1,801 children, 0–17 years). Thirteen studies investigated the diagnostic accuracy for functional constipation, and five for fecal impaction. High risk of bias was found across the majority of studies mainly due to un-blinded case–control designs. Cut-off transverse rectal diameter values to diagnose functional constipation ranged from 2.4 cm to 3.8 cm. Meta-analysis (seven studies, n = 509 children) estimated mean sensitivity and specificity to diagnose functional constipation were 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.78) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.71–0.88), respectively. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of identifying fecal impaction was not feasible. Studies reported a sensitivity and specificity ranging between 68–100% and 83–100%, respectively.

Conclusion
Transabdominal ultrasound may be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool to diagnose functional constipation by measuring transverse rectal diameter and identifying fecal impaction in children. Heterogeneous study methods and lack of age-dependent normal values impair current clinical recommendations. Future research should focus on separating age groups and developing a standardized protocol.

Graphical Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kellenberger Christian Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is a rare but serious disease in children with potentially poor prognosis in the long term. Direct measurement of increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation requires right-heart catheterisation. Echocardiography is the imaging modality commonly used for suggesting the presence of pulmonary hypertension and estimating its severity. Recognition of structural and haemodynamic signs of increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pressure overload of the right ventricle at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may contribute to the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and management of these patients. In this article, the structural, functional, and haemodynamic cardiovascular MR findings of paediatric pulmonary hypertension are reviewed. Typical diagnostic MR scenarios in children with suspected pulmonary hypertension or in children with disease associated with pulmonary hypertension are presented and discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Niche-Aware Metagenomic Screening for Enzyme Methioninase Illuminates Its Contribution to Metabolic Syntrophy
Authors: Khamespanah Erfan , Asad Sedigheh , Vanak Zeynab , Mehrshad Maliheh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe single-step methioninase-mediated degradation of methionine (as a sulfur containing amino acid) is a reaction at the interface of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and methane metabolism in microbes. This enzyme also has therapeutic application due to its role in starving auxotrophic cancer cells. Applying our refined in silico screening pipeline on 33,469 publicly available genome assemblies and 1878 metagenome assembled genomes/single-cell amplified genomes from brackish waters of the Caspian Sea and the Fennoscandian Shield deep groundwater resulted in recovering 1845 methioninases. The majority of recovered methioninases belong to representatives of phyla Proteobacteria (50%), Firmicutes (29%), and Firmicutes_A (13%). Prevalence of methioninase among anaerobic microbes and in the anoxic deep groundwater together with the relevance of its products for energy conservation in anaerobic metabolism highlights such environments as desirable targets for screening novel methioninases and resolving its contribution to microbial metabolism and interactions. Among archaea, majority of detected methioninases are from representatives of Methanosarcina that are able to use methanethiol, the sulfur containing product from methionine degradation, as a precursor for methanogenesis. Branching just outside these archaeal methioninases in the phylogenetic tree, we recovered three methioninases belonging to representatives of Patescibacteria reconstructed from deep groundwater metagenomes. We hypothesize that methioninase in Patescibacteria could contribute to their syntrophic interactions where their methanogenic partners/hosts benefit from the produced 2-oxobutyrate and methanethiol. Our results underscore the significance of accounting for specific ecological niche in screening for enzyme variates with desired characteristics. Finally, complementing of our findings with experimental validation of methioninase activity confirms the potential of our in silico screening in clarifying the peculiar ecological role of methioninase in anoxic environments.
Structure stability of confined bismuth sesquioxide phases – low-temperature experimental and computational studies
Authors: Nowagiel Maciej , Garbarczyk Jerzy E. , Wasiucionek Marek , Keblinski Pawel , Pietrzak Tomasz K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeveral bismuth sesquioxide (Bi$$_{2}$$

2

O$$_{3}$$

3

) phases (namely $$\upbeta$$
β
, $$\upgamma$$
γ
and $$\updelta$$
δ
-like) were previously stabilized at room temperature by nanocrystallization of bismuthate glasses. Normally, a monoclinic $$\upalpha$$
α
phase is the stable one at ambient conditions in polycrystalline materials. In this work, we wanted to observe if any phase transitions would occur below the room temperature for $$\upbeta$$
β
, $$\upgamma$$
γ
and $$\updelta$$
δ
-like phases confined in a residual glassy matrix. Observations were made down to 100 K using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both experimental techniques showed no traces of phase transition upon cooling to the temperature limit of our equipment. From XRD studies, the lattice parameter of the δ-like phase was determined. The values were compared to the values calculated by molecular dynamics studies of overcooled $$\updelta$$
δ
-Bi$$_{2}$$

2

O$$_{3}$$

3

phase.