bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated method to detect transiting circumbinary planets
Authors: Windemuth Diana , Agol Eric , Carter Josh , Ford Eric B , Haghighipour Nader , Orosz Jerome A , Welsh William F 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTo date a dozen transiting ‘Tatooines’ or circumbinary planets (CBPs) have been discovered, by eye, in the data from the Kepler mission; by contrast, thousands of confirmed circumstellar planets orbiting around single stars have been detected using automated algorithms. Automated detection of CBPs is challenging because their transits are strongly aperiodic with irregular profiles. Here, we describe an efficient and automated technique for detecting circumbinary planets that transit their binary hosts in Kepler light curves. Our method accounts for large transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration variations (TDVs), induced by binary reflex motion, in two ways: (1) We directly correct for large-scale TTVs and TDVs in the light curves by using Keplerian models to approximate binary and CBP orbits; and (2) We allow additional aperiodicities on the corrected light curves by employing the Quasi-periodic Automated Transit Search algorithm. We demonstrate that our method dramatically improves detection significance using simulated data and two previously identified CBP systems, Kepler-35 and Kepler-64.
A Bayesian approach to matching thermonuclear X-ray burst observations with models
Authors: Goodwin A J , Galloway D K , Heger A , Cumming A , Johnston Z 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a new method of matching observations of Type-I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts with models, comparing the predictions of a semi-analytic ignition model with X-ray observations of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 in outburst. We used a Bayesian analysis approach to marginalize over the parameters of interest and determine parameters such as fuel composition, distance/anisotropy factors, neutron star mass, and neutron star radius. Our study includes a treatment of the system inclination effects, inferring that the rotation axis of the system is inclined $\left(69^{+4}_{-2}\right)^\circ$ from the observers line of sight, assuming a flat disc model. This method can be applied to any accreting source that exhibits Type-I X-ray bursts. We find a hydrogen mass fraction of $0.57^{+0.13}_{-0.14}$ and CNO metallicity of $0.013^{+0.006}_{-0.004}$ for the accreted fuel is required by the model to match the observed burst energies, for a distance to the source of $3.3^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\, \mathrm{kpc}$. We infer a neutron star mass of $1.5^{+0.6}_{-0.3}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and radius of $11.8^{+1.3}_{-0.9}\, \mathrm{km}$ for a surface gravity of $1.9^{+0.7}_{-0.4}\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{cm}\, \mathrm{s}^{-2}$ for SAX J1808.4–3658.
Local photoionization feedback effects on galaxies
Authors: Obreja Aura , Macciò Andrea V , Moster Benjamin , Udrescu Silviu M , Buck Tobias , Kannan Rahul , Dutton Aaron A , Blank Marvin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We implement an optically thin approximation for the effects of the local radiation field from stars and hot gas on the gas heating and cooling in the N-body smoothed particle hydrodynamics code gasoline2. We resimulate three galaxies from the NIHAO project: one dwarf, one Milky Way-like, and one massive spiral, and study what are the local radiation field effects on various galaxy properties. We also study the effects of varying the ultraviolet background (UVB) model, by running the same galaxies with two different UVBs. Galaxy properties at $z$ = 0 like stellar mass, stellar effective mass radius, H i mass, and radial extent of the H i disc show significant changes between the models with and without the local radiation field, and smaller differences between the two UVB models. The intrinsic effect of the local radiation field through cosmic time is to increase the equilibrium temperature at the interface between the galaxies and their circumgalactic media (CGM), moving this boundary inwards, while leaving relatively unchanged the gas inflow rate. Consequently, the temperature of the inflow increases when considering the local radiation sources. This temperature increase is a function of total galaxy mass, with a median CGM temperature difference of one order of magnitude for the massive spiral. The local radiation field suppresses the stellar mass growth by 20 per cent by $z$ = 0 for all three galaxies, while the H i mass is roughly halved. The differences in the gas phase diagrams, significantly impact the H i column densities, shifting their peaks in the distributions towards lower NH i.
Hydrodynamic simulations of disrupted planetary accretion discs inside the core of an AGB star
Authors: Guidarelli G , Nordhaus J , Chamandy L , Chen Z , Blackman E G , Frank A , Carroll-Nellenback J , Liu B 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Volume complete sky surveys provide evidence for a binary origin for the formation of isolated white dwarfs with magnetic fields in excess of a MegaGauss. Interestingly, not a single high-field magnetic white dwarf has been found in a detached system, suggesting that if the progenitors are indeed binaries, the companion must be removed or merge during formation. An origin scenario consistent with observations involves the engulfment, inspiral, and subsequent tidal disruption of a low-mass companion in the interior of a giant star during a common envelope phase. Material from the shredded companion forms a cold accretion disc embedded in the hot ambient around the proto-white dwarf. Entrainment of hot material may evaporate the disc before it can sufficiently amplify the magnetic field, which typically requires at least a few orbits of the disc. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of accretion discs with masses between 1 and 10 times the mass of Jupiter inside the core of an Asymptotic Giant Branch star, we find that the discs survive for at least 10 orbits (and likely for 100 orbits), sufficient for strong magnetic fields to develop.
Gamma-ray luminosity function of BL Lac objects and contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray background
Authors: Qu Yankun , Zeng Houdun , Yan Dahai 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Using a significantly enlarged Fermi-LAT BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) sample, we construct the gamma-ray luminosity function (GLF) of BL Lacs, by the joint use of the space density distribution and source counts distribution. We use three well-studied forms of the GLF, i.e. the forms of pure density evolution (PDE), pure luminosity evolution (PLE), and luminosity-dependent density evolution (LDDE). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is used to constrain model parameters. Our results suggest that LDDE model can give the best description for the BL Lac GLF. And the model shows that the BL Lacs with a harder GeV spectrum and a less luminosity evolve as strongly as flat spectrum radio quasars, and the evolution decreases as increasing luminosity. We also model the average photon spectra of BL Lacs with a double power-laws model. Using this modelled spectra, BL Lacs contribute $\sim \!20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) at E > 100 MeV, $\sim \!100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the EGB at E > 50 GeV, and the unresolved BL Lacs contribute $\sim\! 20 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background at E > 100 MeV. A prediction of the TeV EGB spectra are given, which may be tested by the future detectors.
On the road to per cent accuracy – II. Calibration of the non-linear matter power spectrum for arbitrary cosmologies
Authors: Giblin Benjamin , Cataneo Matteo , Moews Ben , Heymans Catherine 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We introduce an emulator approach to predict the non-linear matter power spectrum for broad classes of beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies, using only a suite of ΛCDM N-body simulations. By including a range of suitably modified initial conditions in the simulations, and rescaling the resulting emulator predictions with analytical ‘halo model reactions’, accurate non-linear matter power spectra for general extensions to the standard ΛCDM model can be calculated. We optimize the emulator design by substituting the simulation suite with non-linear predictions from the standard halofit tool. We review the performance of the emulator for artificially generated departures from the standard cosmology as well as for theoretically motivated models, such as f(R) gravity and massive neutrinos. For the majority of cosmologies we have tested, the emulator can reproduce the matter power spectrum with errors ${\lesssim}1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ deep into the highly non-linear regime. This work demonstrates that with a well-designed suite of ΛCDM simulations, extensions to the standard cosmological model can be tested in the non-linear regime without any reliance on expensive beyond-ΛCDM simulations.
CDK and Mec1/Tel1-catalyzed phosphorylation of Sae2 regulate different responses to DNA damage
Authors: Yu Tai-Yuan , Garcia Valerie E , Symington Lorraine S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sae2 functions in the DNA damage response by controlling Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX)-catalyzed end resection, an essential step for homology-dependent repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and by attenuating DNA damage checkpoint signaling. Phosphorylation of Sae2 by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1/Cdc28) activates the Mre11 endonuclease, while the physiological role of Sae2 phosphorylation by Mec1 and Tel1 checkpoint kinases is not fully understood. Here, we compare the phenotype of sae2 mutants lacking the main CDK (sae2-S267A) or Mec1 and Tel1 phosphorylation sites (sae2-5A) with sae2Δ and Mre11 nuclease defective (mre11-nd) mutants. The phosphorylation-site mutations confer DNA damage sensitivity, but not to the same extent as sae2Δ. The sae2-S267A mutation is epistatic to mre11-nd for camptothecin (CPT) sensitivity and synergizes with sgs1Δ, whereas sae2-5A synergizes with mre11-nd and exhibits epistasis with sgs1Δ. We find that attenuation of checkpoint signaling by Sae2 is mostly independent of Mre11 endonuclease activation but requires Mec1 and Tel1-dependent phosphorylation of Sae2. These results support a model whereby CDK-catalyzed phosphorylation of Sae2 activates resection via Mre11 endonuclease, whereas Sae2 phosphorylation by Mec1 and Tel1 promotes resection by the Dna2-Sgs1 and Exo1 pathways indirectly by dampening the DNA damage response.
Increased Incidence of Intracranial Meningiomas in Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Engelhardt Julien , Nunes Marie-Laure , Pouchieu Camille , Ferrière Amandine , San-Galli François , Gimbert Edouard , Vignes Jean-Rodolphe , Laurent François , Berge Jérôme , Baldi Isabelle , Tabarin Antoine , Loiseau Hugues 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
An increased incidence of various neoplasms has been described in patients with acromegaly, and there is evidence to suggest that growth factors are risk factors for the development of meningiomas.

OBJECTIVE
To study if patients with acromegaly are more at risk for developing intracranial meningiomas.

METHODS
We conducted an observational study on 221 consecutive acromegalic patients recruited between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015, and 357 consecutive patients with a nonsomatotropic pituitary adenoma recruited between March 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, in our institution. Patients underwent a gadolinium-enhanced 3D T1 brain magnetic resonance imaging to look for meningiomas. The proportion of meningiomas was compared between the 2 groups, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was computed from the incidence rates of meningiomas observed in the population of acromegalic patients and compared to that of the general population given by the local registry of central nervous system tumors.

RESULTS
Patients with acromegaly had a significant risk for developing intracranial meningiomas as compared to patients without acromegaly (7.7% vs 2.2%, P = .005, OR = 3.45 [1.46; 8.15]). There was a significant increased incidence of intracranial meningiomas in patients with acromegaly (SIR = 126 [25; 367]) as compared to the general population.

CONCLUSION
Our study suggests strongly that patients with acromegaly are more at risk for developing intracranial meningiomas.
Complete Microsurgical Resection of Large Retrochiasmatic Hypothalamic Craniopharyngioma by Transpetrosal Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Zeeshan Qazi , Hernandez Juan P Carrasco , Yoh Nina T , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This two-dimensional video shows the technical nuances of complete microsurgical resection of a hypothalamic craniopharyngioma located in the retrochiasmatic region by the transpetrosal approach.
This 49-yr-old man presented with progressive fatigue, excessive sleepiness, and difficulty in vision in both eyes. He was found to have right CN 3 paralysis and bitemporal hemianopsia on neurological examination. Further workup revealed panhypopituitarism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large solid retrochiasmatic hypothalamic lesion with homogeneous contrast enhancement, measuring 2.1 × 2.6 × 2.4 cm. Optic chiasm was prefixed, and the tumor was just posterior to the pituitary stalk area. The preoperative differential diagnosis included hypothalamic astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, germinoma, and histiocytosis. Because of the prefixed chiasm, a presigmoid, transpetrosal approach was performed. Our initial plan was a large biopsy, but based on frozen section histology, we decided to excise the tumor completely. The tumor had a pseudocapsule, which was firm and yellowish. It was debulked, dissected from the surrounding hypothalamus, and removed completely. The pituitary stalk was found at the anterior and inferior ends of the tumor and was preserved.
Postoperatively, the patient developed diabetes insipidus and requires desmopressin replacement, which was gradually tapered. For panhypopituitarism, he is receiving thyroxine, hydrocortisone, and testosterone.
Postoperatively, patient had an improvement in vision in his left eye and ptosis was improving in the right eye with mRs 1- at 10-wk follow-up.
An informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the surgery, which included videotaping of the procedure and its distribution for educational purposes. All relevant patient identifiers have also been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
Cost-effectiveness and Safety of Interspinous Process Decompression (Superion)
Authors: Cairns Kevin , Deer Tim , Sayed Dawood , van Noort Kim , Liang Kevin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere are several treatment options for patients suffering from lumbar spinal stenosis, including surgical and conservative care. Interspinous spacer decompression using the Superion device offers a less invasive procedure for patients who fail conservative treatment before traditional decompression surgery. This review assesses the current cost-effectiveness, safety, and performance of lumbar spinal stenosis treatment modalities compared with the Superion interspinous spacer procedure.MethodsEMBASE and PubMed were searched to find studies reporting on the cost-effectiveness, safety, and performance of conservative treatment, including medicinal treatments, epidural injections, physical therapy, and alternative methods, as well as surgical treatment, including laminectomy, laminectomy with fusion, and interspinous spacer decompression. Results were supplemented with manual searches.ResultsDespite substantial costs, persistent conservative treatment (&gt;12 weeks) of lumbar spinal stenosis showed only minimal improvement in pain and functionality. When conservative treatment fails, surgery is more effective than continuing conservative treatment. Lumbar laminectomy with fusion has considerably greater cost than laminectomy alone, as the length of hospital stay increases, the costs for implants are substantial, and complications increase. Although laminectomy and the Superion have comparable outcomes, the Superion implant is positioned percutaneously. This approach may minimize the direct and indirect costs of outpatient rehabilitation and absenteeism, respectively.ConclusionsSuperion interspinous lumbar decompression is a minimally invasive procedure for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who have failed conservative treatment. Compared with extending conservative treatment or traditional spinal surgery, interspinous lumbar decompression reduces the direct and indirect costs associated with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Why It Does Not Matter What Matters: Relation R, Personal Identity, and Moral Theory
Authors: Steuwer Bastian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDerek Parfit famously argued that personal identity is not what matters for prudential concern about the future. Instead, he argues what matters is Relation R, a combination of psychological connectedness and continuity with any cause. This revisionary conclusion, Parfit argued, has profound implications for moral theory. It should lead us, among other things, to deny the importance of the separateness of persons as an important fact of morality. Instead, we should adopt impersonal consequentialism. In this paper, I argue that Parfit is mistaken about this last step. His revisionary arguments about personal identity and rationality have no implications for moral theory. We need not decide whether Relation R or personal identity contain what matters if we want to retain the importance of the separateness of persons.
Changes in phytohormone content and associated gene expression throughout the stages of pear (Pyrus pyrifoliaNakai) dormancy
Authors: Ito Akiko , Tuan Pham Anh , Saito Takanori , Bai Songling , Kita Masayuki , Moriguchi Takaya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the role of phytohormones during bud dormancy progression in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), we investigated changes in phytohormone levels of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and trans-zeatin (tZ). Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, we monitored phytohormone levels in the buds of field-grown and potted trees that were artificially heated to modify the timing of dormancy and flowering (spring flush) progression. We also analyzed the expression of GA- and ABA-metabolic genes during dormancy. Indole acetic acid and tZ levels were low during dormancy and increased toward the flowering stage. Gibberellic acid levels were maintained at relatively high concentrations during the dormancy induction stage, then decreased before slightly increasing prior to flowering. The low GA concentration in potted trees compared with field-grown trees indicated that GA functions in regulating tree vigor. Abscisic acid levels increased from the dormancy induction stage, peaked near endodormancy release and steadily decreased before increasing again before the flowering stage. The ABA peak levels did not always coincide with endodormancy release, but peak height correlated with flowering uniformity, suggesting that a decline in ABA concentration was not necessary for resumption of growth but the abundance of ABA might be associated with dormancy depth. From monitoring the expression of genes related to GA and ABA metabolism, we inferred that phytohormone metabolism changed significantly during dormancy, even though the levels of bioactive molecules were consistently low. Phytohormones regulate dormancy progression not only upon the reception of internal signals but also upon sensing ambient conditions.
δ-Oscillation Correlates of Anesthesia-induced Unconsciousness in Large-scale Brain Networks of Human Infants
Authors: Pappas Ioannis , Cornelissen Laura , Menon David K. , Berde Charles B. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Functional brain connectivity studies can provide important information about changes in brain-state dynamics during general anesthesia. In adults, γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated agents disrupt integration of information from local to the whole-brain scale. Beginning around 3 to 4 months postnatal age, γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated anesthetics such as sevoflurane generate α-electroencephalography oscillations. In previous studies of sevoflurane-anesthetized infants 0 to 3.9 months of age, α-oscillations were absent, and power spectra did not distinguish between anesthetized and emergence from anesthesia conditions. Few studies detailing functional connectivity during general anesthesia in infants exist. This study’s aim was to identify changes in functional connectivity of the infant brain during anesthesia.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed using multichannel electroencephalograph recordings of 20 infants aged 0 to 3.9 months old who underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for elective surgery. Whole-brain functional connectivity was evaluated during maintenance of a surgical state of anesthesia and during emergence from anesthesia. Functional connectivity was represented as networks, and network efficiency indices (including complexity and modularity) were computed at the sensor and source levels.

Results
Sevoflurane decreased functional connectivity at the δ-frequency (1 to 4 Hz) in infants 0 to 3.9 months old when comparing anesthesia with emergence. At the sensor level, complexity decreased during anesthesia, showing less whole-brain integration with prominent alterations in the connectivity of frontal and parietal sensors (median difference, 0.0293; 95% CI, −0.0016 to 0.0397). At the source level, similar results were observed (median difference, 0.0201; 95% CI, −0.0025 to 0.0482) with prominent alterations in the connectivity between default-mode and frontoparietal regions. Anesthesia resulted in fragmented modules as modularity increased at the sensor (median difference, 0.0562; 95% CI, 0.0048 to 0.1298) and source (median difference, 0.0548; 95% CI, −0.0040 to 0.1074) levels.

Conclusions
Sevoflurane is associated with decreased capacity for efficient information transfer in the infant brain. Such findings strengthen the hypothesis that conscious processing relies on an efficient system of integrated information transfer across the whole brain.