bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant increases in the density and number of lymphatic vessels in pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Watanabe Kentaro , Ishii Hiroshi , Kushima Hisako , Fujita Masaki , Nabeshima Kazuki 
Published: April 2018

AimsSome investigators have detected fibrinous exudate or immature organisation in the alveolar spaces prior to the development of subpleural elastofibrosis in patients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE). We hypothesised that PPFE progress is associated with an impaired lymphatic drainage system, resulting in the failed resolution of intra‐alveolar exudate. The aim of this study is to investigate the pulmonary lymphatic vessels in PPFE, histologically.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively reviewed our medical records from 1995 to 2017, and selected autopsied or surgically biopsied patients with PPFE (n = 18), pulmonary apical cap (n = 18), and IPF (n = 26). We detected lymphatic endothelial cells by using immunostained specimens, calculating the percentage of lymphatic vessel area in the non‐aerated area (lymphatic vessel density) and the number of lymphatic vessels per non‐aerated area (per mm2) (lymphatic vessel number). These parameters in PPFE were compared with those in apical cap, IPF, and normal lung tissue. The lymphatic vessel density in PPFE patients [2.97%; interquartile range (IQR) 2.61–3.86] was significantly higher than that in normal lung (0.91%; IQR 0.84–1.07), pulmonary apical cap (0.67%; IQR 0.58–0.83), and IPF (0.91%; IQR 0.68–1.25) (P < 0.01 in any comparison). The lymphatic vessel number in PPFE was also significantly higher than that in normal lung, pulmonary apical cap, and IPF. Among PPFE patients, the increase in lymphatic vessel density was found to be correlated with the characteristic physiology of PPFE, such as a flattened chest cage on computed tomography and high residual volume/total lung capacity ratio on spirometry.ConclusionsSignificant increase in the density and number of lymphatic vessels is a supportive characteristic that enables the differentiation of PPFE from IPF and apical cap.
Interobserver reliability of histopathological features for distinguishing between cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and superficial thrombophlebitis
Authors: Hutachuda Parnhathai , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , Pattanaprichakul Penvadee , Chanyachailert Pattriya , Sitthinamsuwan Panitta 
Published: April 2018

AimsInterobserver reliability of histopathological features in differentiation between cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) and superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) by assessment of inter‐rater agreement of five histological features was investigated.Methods and resultsAll sections of cPAN and ST were evaluated independently by three experienced pathologists and one resident of pathology. The histopathological features studied included elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall, a smooth muscle arrangement pattern, an internal elastic lamina pattern, fibrinoid necrosis and luminal thrombosis. Agreement analysis was performed using the kappa coefficient. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the useful histopathological features were analysed. Of all 62 biopsies, 28 were cPAN and 34 were ST. Reproducibility between four observers was in substantial agreement (κ = 0.73). Elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall (κ = 0.68), fibrinoid necrosis (κ = 0.63), an internal elastic lamina pattern (κ = 0.51) and a smooth muscle arrangement pattern (κ = 0.46) showed high specificity and PPV for differentiating between cPAN and ST. The smooth muscle arrangement pattern, internal elastic lamina pattern and elastic fibre distribution in the vascular wall may be obscured when extensive inflammation and necrosis occurs.ConclusionsThese aforementioned histopathological features are useful in differentiation between cPAN and ST. The Verhoeff–van Gieson (VVG) elastic stain is an important histochemical study for differentiating between cPAN and ST, particularly in cases with extensive inflammation and necrosis.
Validation of an in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) method in blinded ring‐testing
Authors: Pissavini M. , Tricaud C. , Wiener G. , Lauer A. , Contier M. , Kolbe L. , Trullás Cabanas C. , Boyer F. , Nollent V. , Meredith E. , Dietrich E. , Matts P. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to investigate the utility of a new in vitro SPF test method in blinded ring‐testing, against new ISO acceptance criteria.MethodsTwenty four blinded, commercial, emulsion‐type, primary sunscreen products, covering the full range of labelled SPF in Europe (SPF6 – 50+), were tested by three test institutes using the current ISO24444:2010 In Vivo SPF Test Method and simultaneously by three separate test laboratories using a new candidate in vitro SPF test method, developed under the leadership of Cosmetics Europe (CE). The resulting relationship between in vitro SPF and in vivo SPF values was then compared with acceptance criteria developed recently by the International Standards (ISO) TC217/WG7 Sun Protection Test Methods Working Group.ResultsAnalysis of the mean inter‐laboratory in vitro and mean inter‐institute in vivo SPF values revealed a strong correlation between in vitro and in vivo values, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.88 (P < 0.0001), a slope of 1.01 and a non‐significant intercept (−1.48; P = 0.62). When these data were compared to the new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria, method bias was found to be extremely low and over 95% of the coupled data lay within the model ‘funnel’ (defined by upper and lower confidence intervals).ConclusionIn conclusion, the results of blinded ring testing and comparison to new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria indicate that a new in vitro SPF test method meets (and exceeds) these minimum criteria and is an interesting candidate for possible deployment as an industry test methodology.
Breastfeeding performance in Iranian women
Authors: Faridvand Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi Sakineh , Malakouti Jamileh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimStudies have shown that breastfeeding has both short‐term and long‐term useful effects on mother's and newborn's health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining predictors of breastfeeding performance in women who were referred to health centres in Tabriz City, Iran, in 2014 to 2015.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study cluster‐sampled 220 breastfeeding women with infants aged 4 to 6 months. The Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, the personal resource questionnaire‐85, and a researcher‐developed knowledge questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate linear regression model was used to determine predictors of breastfeeding performance.ResultsThe results showed that participants' breastfeeding performance mean (SD) value was 3.6 (1.2) of 6. There were significant relationships between breastfeeding performance and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (P = .033) but not between social support, knowledge, attitudes, and breastfeeding performance (P > .05). Breastfeeding self‐efficacy, occupation, family income sufficiency, and living with the family were identified as predictors of breastfeeding performance.ConclusionGiven the relationship between breastfeeding self‐efficacy and breastfeeding performance, strengthening mothers' self‐efficacy should be considered, especially when compiling programs to promote breastfeeding. Increasing breastfeeding self‐efficacy in women improves their breastfeeding performance: In developing programs to promote breastfeeding culture, women's self‐efficacy should be considered.
The physical environment and patients’ activities and care: A comparative case study at three newly built stroke units
Authors: Anåker Anna , von Koch Lena , Sjöstrand Christina , Heylighen Ann , Elf Marie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo explore and compare the impact of the physical environment on patients’ activities and care at three newly built stroke units.BackgroundReceiving care in a stroke unit instead of in a general ward reduces the odds of death, dependency and institutionalized care. In stroke units, the design of the physical environment should support evidence‐based care. Studies on patients’ activities in relation to the design of the physical environment of stroke units are scarce.DesignThis work is a comparative descriptive case study.MethodPatients (N = 55) who had a confirmed diagnosis of stroke were recruited from three newly built stroke units in Sweden. The units were examined by non‐participant observation using two types of data collection: behavioural mapping analysed with descriptive statistics and field note taking analysed with deductive content analysis. Data were collected from April 2013 ‐ December 2015.ResultsThe units differed in the patients’ levels of physical activity, the proportion of the day that patients spent with health professionals and family presence. Patients were more physically active in a unit with a combination of single and multi‐bed room designs than in a unit with an entirely single‐room design. Stroke units that were easy to navigate and offered variations in the physical environment had an impact on patients’ activities and care.ConclusionsPatients’ activity levels and interactions appeared to vary with the design of the physical environments of stroke units. Stroke guidelines focused on health status assessments, avoidance of bed‐rest and early rehabilitation require a supportive physical environment.
Undergraduate nursing assistant employment in aged care has benefits for new graduates
Authors: Algoso Maricris , Ramjan Lucie , East Leah , Peters Kath 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsTo determine how undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care helps to prepare new graduates for clinical work as a Registered Nurse.BackgroundThe amount and quality of clinical experience afforded by university programs has been the subject of constant debate in the nursing profession. New graduate nurses are often deemed inadequately prepared for clinical practice and so many nursing students seek employment as assistants in nursing whilst studying to increase their clinical experience.DesignThis paper presents the first phase of a larger mixed‐methods study to explore whether undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care prepares new graduate nurses for the clinical work environment. The first phase involved the collection of quantitative data from a modified Preparation for Clinical Practice survey, which contained 50‐scaled items relating to nursing practice.MethodsEthics approval was obtained prior to commencing data collection. New graduate nurses who were previously employed as assistants in nursing in aged care and had at least 3 months’ experience as a Registered Nurse, were invited to complete the survey. Social media and professional networks were used to distribute the survey between March 2015 – May 2016 and again in January 2017—February 2017. Purposeful and snowballing sampling methods using social media and nursing networks were used to collect survey responses. Data were analysed using principal components analysis.Results110 completed surveys were returned. Principal components analysis revealed four underlying constructs (components) of undergraduate assistant in nursing employment in aged care. These were emotional literacy (component 1), clinical skills (component 2), managing complex patient care (component 3) and health promotion (component 4).ConclusionThe four extracted components reflect the development of core nursing skills that transcend that of technical skills and includes the ability to situate oneself as a nurse in the care of an individual and in a healthcare team.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces spatial memory deficits by activating GSK‐3
Authors: Lin Li , Cao Jie , Yang Shu‐Sheng , Fu Zheng‐Qi , Zeng Peng , Chu Jiang , Ning Lin‐Na , Zhang Teng , Shi Yan , Tian Qing , Zhou Xin‐Wen , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we injected tunicamycin (TM), a recognized ER stress inducer, into the brain ventricle of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), demonstrated by the enhanced phosphorylation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 (IRE‐1) and activating transcription factor‐6 (ATF‐6). We observed that UPR induced spatial memory deficits and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the rats. After TM treatment, GSK‐3β was activated and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein at Ser129 (pS129‐CREB) was increased with an increased nuclear co‐localization of pY126‐GSK‐3β and pS129‐CREB. Simultaneous inhibition of GSK‐3β by hippocampal infusion of SB216763 (SB) attenuated TM‐induced UPR and spatial memory impairment with restoration of pS129‐CREB and synaptic plasticity. We concluded that UPR induces AD‐like spatial memory deficits with mechanisms involving GSK‐3β/pS129‐CREB pathway.
Consensus‐based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Barbarot S. , Bieber T. , Christen‐Zaech S. , Deleuran M. , Fink‐Wagner A. , Gieler U. , Girolomoni G. , Lau S. , Muraro A. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Schäfer T. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Simon D. , Szalai Z. , Szepietowski J.C. , Taïeb A. , Torrelo A. , Werfel T. , Ring J. ,   the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP), the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and the European Union of Medical Specialists
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis guideline was developed as a joint interdisciplinary European project, including physicians from all relevant disciplines as well as patients. It is a consensus‐based guideline, taking available evidence from other guidelines, systematic reviews and published studies into account. This first part of the guideline covers methods, patient perspective, general measures and avoidance strategies, basic emollient treatment and bathing, dietary intervention, topical anti‐inflammatory therapy, phototherapy and antipruritic therapy, whereas the second part covers antimicrobial therapy, systemic treatment, allergen‐specific immunotherapy, complementary medicine, psychosomatic counselling and educational interventions. Management of AE must consider the individual clinical variability of the disease; highly standardized treatment rules are not recommended. Basic therapy is focused on treatment of disturbed barrier function by hydrating and lubricating topical treatment, besides further avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Topical anti‐inflammatory treatment based on glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors is used for flare management and for proactive therapy for long‐term control. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy, whereas tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are preferred in sensitive skin areas and for long‐term use. Topical phosphodiesterase inhibitors may be a treatment alternative when available. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation, preferably with UVB 311 nm or UVA1. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients may need additional antipruritic therapy. Antimicrobial therapy, systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment, immunotherapy, complementary medicine and educational intervention will be addressed in part II of the guideline.
Using antagonistic soil bacteria and their cell‐free filtrates to control the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: da Silva Rafael S. , Moutinho Brenda L. , dos Santos Deise R. , Vasconcelo‐Rodrigues I. S. , Talamini Viviane , Fernandes Marcelo F. , Fernandes Roberta P. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a phytopathogenic bacteria, and it is the causative agent of black rot in crucifers. Recent studies have shown that Bacillus species have strong biological control on Xanthomonas. One of the mechanisms of this control is secondary metabolites production. A collection of 257 bacteria isolated from a suppressive soil was evaluated for in vitro antagonistic activity against X. campestris, and 92 isolates (44.6%) were able to inhibit its growth. Among the 92 isolates evaluated in the double‐layer technique, 51 (55.43%) inhibited Xcc growth on the inhibition tests with cell‐free filtrates (CFF) in liquid medium. Thirteen of these isolates presented 50% or more growth inhibition, and five isolates presented 100% growth inhibition of Xcc. The CFF of the isolate TCDT‐08, which belongs to the Paenibacillus genus, was used for in vivo tests with kale crops. The artificial inoculation of kale with Xcc‐629IBSBF pretreated with CFF from the isolate TCDT‐08 demonstrated that the bacterium loses the ability of colonizing kale and of causing black rot. A Paenibacillus sp. isolate has strong inhibitory activity against X. campestris pv. campestris, and further studies can result in the use of this isolate to protect kale from Xcc infection.
The effect of n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratios on broiler breeder performance, hatchability, fatty acid profile and reproduction
Authors: Khatibjoo A. , Kermanshahi H. , Golian A. , Zaghari M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary omega6 (n‐6) to omega3 (n‐3) fatty acid (FA) ratios on performance and reproduction of broiler breeders. In experiment 1, 400 females and 40 males (30 week age) of Ross 308 broiler breeder (20 females and two males in each pen) were randomly assigned to one of the four diets with n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4, 6, 8 and 16 (control). As a measure of hatchability, fertility of eggs and general incubation traits, 1,200 eggs (60 eggs from each pen) were collected and incubated for 21 days and embryo liver and brain fatty acid profile in 14 and 21 days were determined. In experiment 2, 48 males (three males in each pen) randomly assigned to one of the four diets with n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4, 6, 8 and 16 (control). Semen was collected twice weekly, and semen volume, spermatozoa concentration and motility and alive and dead spermatozoa were estimated. Egg production and egg mass were decreased by n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 (p < .05). There were no significant differences between treatments on breeder's body weight, eggs fertility and hatchability, embryonic mortality and semen features. Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total n‐3 of egg yolk, semen, testis and liver and brain of embryo and day‐old chicken were increased while concentration of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosatetraenoic acid of mentioned tissues were decreased by increasing n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios (p > .05). In conclusion, absolute amount of n‐3 and n‐6 FAs in broiler breeder diet may be more important than n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios and to consider reproductive and performance traits of breeders, it is necessary to supply higher levels of n‐3 and n‐6 FA with respect to n‐6/n‐3 FA ratios.
Delineating closely related dinoflagellate lineages using phylotranscriptomics
Authors: Annenkova Nataliia V. , Ahrén Dag , Logares Ramiro , Kremp Anke , Rengefors Karin 
Published: April 2018

Recently radiated dinoflagellates Apocalathium aciculiferum (collected in Lake Erken, Sweden), Apocalathium malmogiense (Baltic Sea) and Apocalathium aff. malmogiense (Highway Lake, Antarctica) represent a lineage with an unresolved phylogeny. We determined their phylogenetic relationships using phylotranscriptomics based on 792 amino acid sequences. Our results showed that A. aciculiferum diverged from the other two closely related lineages, consistent with their different morphologies in cell size, relative cell length and presence of spines. We hypothesized that A. aff. malmogiense and A. malmogiense, which inhabit different hemispheres, are evolutionarily more closely related because they diverged from a marine common ancestor, adapting to a wide salinity range, while A. aciculiferum colonized a freshwater habitat, by acquiring adaptations to this environment, in particular, salinity intolerance. We show that phylotranscriptomics can resolve the phylogeny of recently diverged protists. This has broad relevance, given that many phytoplankton species are morphologically very similar, and single genes sometimes lack the information to determine species’ relationships.
Readers in the round: children's holistic engagements with texts
Authors: Parry Becky , Taylor Lucy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate the relationship between reading and writing for pleasure. Children read a wide range of media as well as books for pleasure and develop strong affective bonds with the artefacts of literacy they encounter. What remains less well understood is the relationship between the array of texts children engage with and the texts they subsequently create. A focus on “Reading for Pleasure” has enabled us to think anew about the relationships between the texts children read, play and engage with and those they make, play and tell. Data from two doctoral research projects illuminate the ways children draw on cultural resources, moving skilfully across mode, medium and form. In doing so, they learn language conventions which enable them to engage in schooled literacies and learn to use conventional language techniques for their own purposes to transform and re‐imagine texts. Children's identities as readers, writers and storytellers are constructed holistically, and we explore the role of pleasure in reading and meaning making. In conclusion, we consider the potential for positioning reading for pleasure not in isolation, but as a strand in the complex fabric of literacy that needs to be nurtured in children.