bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a therapeutic urinary stress diet on the short‐term recurrence of feline idiopathic cystitis
Authors: Naarden Blanche , Corbee Ronald J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the effect of a therapeutic urinary stress diet on recurrent clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in cats with idiopathic cystitis. The effects of feeding a therapeutic urinary stress diet were compared with feeding a non‐therapeutic diet for a duration of 5 weeks. The owners selected themselves which food to feed their cat. Of 31 cats with acute non‐obstructive idiopathic cystitis, 17 were fed the test food and 14 the control food. An episode of recurrence was defined as a minimum of one day with at least two clinical signs; i.e. stranguria, periuria, haematuria, dysuria and pollakiuria. The number of cats fed the therapeutic urinary stress diet that had an episode of recurrence (5/17) was significantly lower compared with cats that were fed other commercial diets (11/14). The formulation of the foods fed to the participating cats (dry, moist or a combination of both) was not found significant compared with the recurrence of idiopathic cystitis. Apart from type of diet, no other risk factors affected the short‐term recurrence of FIC. A prospective clinical trial is needed to confirm these findings.
Self‐assessment of Skills by Surgeons and Anesthesiologists After a Trauma Surgery Masterclass
Authors: Tan Edward C. T. H. , Rijnhout Tim W. H. , Rensink Marit , Alken Alexander P. B. , Bleeker Chris P. , Bowyer Mark W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the Netherlands, each year a three‐day international multidisciplinary trauma masterclass is organized to provide the knowledge and skills needed to care for critically injured trauma patients. This study was designed to longitudinally evaluate the effect of the course on participant's self‐assessment of their own ability and confidence to perform general and specific skills.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2016, all participants were invited to complete a questionnaire before and during follow‐up. Participants were asked to self‐assess their level of confidence to perform general skills (communication, teamwork, leadership) and specific skills. Mean scores were calculated, and mixed models were used to evaluate correlation.ResultsWe asked 265 participants to participate. Response rate was 64% for the pre‐questionnaire, 63% for the post‐questionnaire and for 3 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively, 40%, 30%, 20%. The surgical group showed a statistically significant increase in self‐assessed confidence for general skills (3.82–4.20) and specific technical skills (3.01–3.83; p < 0.001). In the anesthetic group, self‐assessed confidence increased significantly in general skills (3.72–4.26) and specific technical skills (3.33–4.08; p < 0.001). For both groups statistical significance remained during follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a sustained positive effect of a dedicated multidisciplinary trauma training curriculum on participant's self‐assessed confidence to perform both general and specific technical skills necessary for the care of injured patients. Given the known association between confidence and competence, these findings provide evidence that dedicated trauma training curricula can provide positive lasting results.Level of evidenceThis is a basic science paper and therefore does not require a level of evidence.
Algebras with two multiplications and their cumulants
Authors: Burchardt Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCumulants are a notion that comes from the classical probability theory; they are an alternative to a notion of moments. We adapt the probabilistic concept of cumulants to the setup of a linear space equipped with two multiplication structures. We present an algebraic formula which involves those two multiplications as a sum of products of cumulants. In our approach, beside cumulants, we make use of standard combinatorial tools as forests and their colourings. We also show that the resulting statement can be understood as an analogue of Leonov–Shiryaev’s formula. This purely combinatorial presentation leads to some conclusions about structure constant of Jack characters.
Place attachment, distress, risk perception and coping in a case of earthquakes in the Netherlands
Authors: Jansen Sylvia J. T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the Netherlands, the extraction of natural gas from the ground has led to soil subsidence and the occurrence of earthquakes. These earthquakes cause physical damage to buildings and give rise to psychological distress. Research on the impact of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, has shown that there is a complicated relationship between place attachment, perceived risk and coping strategies. The current study, performed in the earthquake area, provides further insight into this relationship, with a focus on place attachment. The study examines whether place attachment is related to (1) the damage intensity of the neighbourhood, (2) socio-demographic characteristics, (3) cognitive and emotional characteristics and (4) coping strategies. The results show that stronger place attachment is related to higher age, lower education and place of origin in the region. Furthermore, respondents with strong place attachment more frequently indicated to be frightened by the multiple earthquakes and to expect damage to their dwelling as a consequence of future earthquakes. Nevertheless, these respondents less frequently intended to relocate than respondents with weaker place attachment. This result indicates that strong place attachment might diminish the chances of moving out despite the awareness of risk and the emotional response to the earthquake hazard.
Sexual Health Communication Between Healthcare Professionals and Adolescents with Chronic Conditions in Western Countries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Engelen Marscha M. , Knoll Jacqueline L. , Rabsztyn Paul R. I. , Maas-van Schaaijk Nienke M. , van Gaal Betsie G. I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Adolescent patients and healthcare professionals find it difficult to initiate the discussion on sexual health in consultations. The aim of this integrative review is to give an overview of determinants in the communication about sexual health between adolescents with chronic conditions, their parents, and their healthcare professionals. A systematic literature search for the period of January 2000 to October 2018 was conducted in four databases (Cinahl, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Pubmed) and resulted in fifteen included studies. Four determinants were found in these studies: attitude, beliefs, knowledge, and self-efficacy. Patients, parents, and healthcare professionals experienced sexual health as a taboo topic and felt not comfortable talking about it. Both patients and professionals expressed a need to discuss sexual health, however personal and practical barriers withhold them from initiating the discussion. This in-depth overview suggests that all four determinants should be targeted to improve communication about sexual health in healthcare settings. Future research should be conducted to give more insight in the experiences and support needs of adolescent patients. On the long term, the discussion about sexual health should become normalized by improving knowledge, training, and support for healthcare professionals and integrating sexual health in education and hospital policies.
Probabilistic solutions to ordinary differential equations as nonlinear Bayesian filtering: a new perspective
Authors: Tronarp Filip , Kersting Hans , Särkkä Simo , Hennig Philipp 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe formulate probabilistic numerical approximations to solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as problems in Gaussian process (GP) regression with nonlinear measurement functions. This is achieved by defining the measurement sequence to consist of the observations of the difference between the derivative of the GP and the vector field evaluated at the GP—which are all identically zero at the solution of the ODE. When the GP has a state-space representation, the problem can be reduced to a nonlinear Bayesian filtering problem and all widely used approximations to the Bayesian filtering and smoothing problems become applicable. Furthermore, all previous GP-based ODE solvers that are formulated in terms of generating synthetic measurements of the gradient field come out as specific approximations. Based on the nonlinear Bayesian filtering problem posed in this paper, we develop novel Gaussian solvers for which we establish favourable stability properties. Additionally, non-Gaussian approximations to the filtering problem are derived by the particle filter approach. The resulting solvers are compared with other probabilistic solvers in illustrative experiments.
A note on analysis of extreme minimum temperatures with the GAMLSS framework
Authors: Rydén Jesper 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Estimation of return levels, based on extreme value distributions, is of importance in the earth and environmental sciences. To incorporate non-stationarity in the modelling, the statistical framework of generalised additive models for location, scale and shape is an option, providing flexibility and with a wide range of distributions implemented. With a large set of selections possible, model choice is an issue. As a case study, we investigate annual minimum temperatures from measurements at a location in northern Sweden. For practical work, it turns out that care must be taken in examining the obtained distributions, not solely relying on information criteria. A simulation study illustrates the findings.
The effect of drying temperature on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray and Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.
Authors: Gąsecka Monika , Siwulski Marek , Magdziak Zuzanna , Budzyńska Sylwia , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga , Niedzielski Przemysław , Mleczek Mirosław 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the study the effect of drying temperature on phenolic and organic acid content, total phenolic content, ergosterol content, antioxidant activity and content of 40 elements in fruiting bodies ofLeccinum scabrumandHericium erinaceuswas estimated. The analysis was performed for fresh fruiting bodies and those dried at 20, 40 and 70 °C. Drying resulted in changes in the profile of phenolic and organic acids. Drying generally resulted in losses of the content of total phenolics, ergosterol and antioxidant activity in both species. However, a reduction and an increase of phenolic acids and organic acids were observed. The greatest reduction of the compounds was generally observed at 70 °C. The greatest losses concerned organic acids (some single components and total) (even more than 90% of some compounds). The inhibition of free radicals decreased in the following order: fresh samples > air-dried samples > samples dried at 40 °C > samples dried at 70 °C. The drying temperature affected only selected element contents in fruiting bodies.
Surgical Management of Peyronie’s Disease With Co-Existent Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Krishnappa Pramod , Fernandez-Pascual Esau , Carballido Joaquin , Moncada Ignacio , Lledo-Garcia Enrique , Martinez-Salamanca Juan Ignacio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Surgical intervention in Peyronie’s disease (PD) should ideally be delayed until the resolution of acute inflammatory phase.

Aim
The objective of this review was to highlight the results of penile prosthesis to correct refractory erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with PD, and the secondary procedures that may be required to correct the penile curvature.

Methods
A systematic search on PubMed online database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations was done using the MeSH terms “Peyronie’s disease” and “erectile dysfunction.”

Main Outcome Measure
Success and satisfaction rates of various procedures.

Results
The search yielded 324 language-specific (English and Spanish language) articles and 58 articles were retained for final review. The following variables were assessed in different studies: number of patients, types of secondary procedure to correct the curvature, satisfaction rates, and follow-up period.

Conclusion
The aim of the surgery in PD should be to achieve a functionally straight penis (&lt;20 degree curvature) with good erection. Patients with refractory ED in PD are candidates for penile prosthesis. Secondary procedures, like manual modeling, plication, plaque incision, or excision grafting, may be required depending on the degree of penile curvature and penile length. In quest for the best graft, TachoSil graft seems to have gained popularity in Europe.
The Northern Iroquoian nominalizer and lexical categories
Authors: Barrie Michael , Jung Sihun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Northern Iroquoian languages, a nominalizer (nlzr) is typically required to transform a verb into a noun, either for noun incorporation or to create a full DP. In some cases, the nominalizer is required only for noun incorporation and not for the formation of a DP. Interestingly, the converse is never found. That is, there are no lexical roots that require the nominalizer for the formation of a DP, but not for noun incorporation. With this asymmetry in mind, we examine the categorial properties of roots in Northern Iroquoian. We discuss three common theories of the categorization of roots: (i) the traditional theory, in which all roots are specified as nouns or verbs (or adjectives for languages that have this category), (ii) the Bare Root Hypothesis, in which all roots are acategorial, and (iii), the Roots as Nouns Hypothesis, in which all roots are nouns. We show that the Northern Iroquoian facts are not amenable to any of these theories. We propose instead that some roots in Northern Iroquoian are categorially specified (some as nouns, some as verbs), while others are truly bare.
Digital revolution and party innovations: An analysis of the Spanish case
Authors: Raniolo Francesco , Tarditi Valeria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe literature on party change has shown how the advent of the digital revolution and the diffusion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the democracies of the 21st century have influenced the way political parties communicate and perform their functions. Less investigated, however, is the organizational reaction of political parties to the challenges posed by the transformation of the communications environment. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize whether parties evince a transformative tendency towards virtual models in which new digital ICTs are used as ‘functional equivalents’ of the old organizational infrastructures. To this end, the paper focuses on the Spanish democracy – a paradigmatic case of the political transformations that European democracies have undergone since the 2008 economic crisis – comparing the organizational models of the main political parties: the Partido Socialista Obrero Español, the Partido Popular, Podemos and Ciudadanos. Particularly the analysis – through the use of parties' documents – focuses on whether and how digital tools are used by the Spanish parties in three dimensions: the participants in the organization, the organizational configuration and the decision-making process. The main conclusions are: new challenger parties make a more intense and radical use of new ICTs introducing ‘disrupting innovations’ in their organization, while old and mainstream parties gradually adapt their organization to the new digital environment introducing ‘sustaining innovations’; parties on the left make greater use of ICTs in order to foster greater internal democracy when compared to their corresponding parties on the centre-right.
The stromatoporoidHabrostromain the upper Silurian (uppermost Pridoli)–Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of North America, and the paleobiogeographic significance ofH.centrotum(Girty, 1895)
Authors: Stock Carl W. , Burry-Stock Judith A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree species ofHabrostromadominate stromatoporoid faunas in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of five areas in North America: New York, Virginia, Maine, Bathurst Island, and Ellesmere Island. In addition, they occur in what could be the upper Silurian (uppermost Pridoli) of Virginia, and possibly New York. Measurements of nine morphologies from 127 specimens ofHabrostromawere subjected to an average linkage cluster analysis. Using average linkage between groups, three distinct clusters were revealed. Group assignments made from the cluster analysis were saved, and entered into a canonical discriminant analysis with the nine morphological variables. An overall Wilks’ lambda was calculated, and is statistically significant at alpha <0.001. The hit rate for classifying group 1 is 98%, that for group 2 is 100%, and that for group 3 is 97.9%; the total hit rate is 100%. The morphological variables contributing most to group membership are: (1) percent cystlike microlaminae, (2) microlaminae per mm, (3) gallery height, (4) laminae per mm, and (5) laminar thickness. The statistics confirm that there are three species:H.centrotum,H.microporum, andH.consimile.Habrostroma centrotumoccurs in all five areas. This is unusual because Virginia, New York, and Maine are part of the Eastern Americas Realm, and the arctic islands are part of the Old World Realm. Separation of the realms is based on a high percentage of unique genera in each. A breach in the inter-realm barrier is proposed to have existed across the Canadian Shield during the Lochkovian. The nature of the breach is determined to be a shallow-water filter, allowing the passage of a limited number of taxa.
Pilot trial of nicotine replacement therapy sampling in a dental care clinic
Authors: Bloom Erika Litvin , Carpenter Matthew J. , Walaska Kristen , Hunt Laura , Keable Kathy , Rayani Maryam , Japuntich Sandra J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionNicotine replacement therapy sampling (NRTS) refers to providing all smokers, regardless of interest in quitting, with free samples of over-the-counter NRT. NRTS has been shown to increase quit attempts and abstinence.AimsWe conducted a pilot trial with a goal to establish the feasibility and acceptability of NRTS in a dental clinic, where providing free samples is routine and universal.MethodsParticipants (N = 30) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to receive or not receive a 2-week supply of NRT samples (14 mg patches and 4 mg lozenges) in a 3:1 ratio.ResultsWe enrolled 30 of 50 potentially eligible patients, of whom 26 completed a 4-week follow-up survey. At follow-up, 61% of the NRT group reported use of the samples and 26% said they used more NRT obtained on their own. In the No NRT group, only one patient reported using NRT. No patients reported past week abstinence, but 43% of the NRT group vs. 29% of the No NRT group reported making a quit attempt lasting longer than 24 h.ConclusionsThe pattern of results suggests that conducting a larger trial would be feasible and that the NRTS intervention was acceptable to dental patients.
On the Edge of Penal Colonies: Castiadas (Sardinia) and the “Redemption” of the Land
Authors: Di Pasquale Francesca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article analyses the development of agricultural penal colonies in Italy, focusing on their margins and borders. The first section focuses on Italy's frontier with overseas territories that was assumed in discussion of the location of penal colonies following Italian unification. The article also highlights some of the factors behind the effective lack of deportation and transportation of Italians overseas. The second section explores Italy's largest agricultural penal colony, Castiadas, in Sardinia and, more generally, the borders between convicts and free citizens and between penal territory and free territory. My thesis is that penal colonies were partly designed to discipline populations in adjacent territories and that their economic and social organization served as a development model for rural Italy more widely.
The Right to Self-Determination under the Ethiopian Constitution: A Legal Tool for Indigenous Peoples’ Protection against Land Alienation?
Authors: Hindeya Tilahun Weldie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince 2008 the Ethiopian government has allocated vast tracts of land, particularly in the Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz regions, to agricultural commercial actors with little or no participation from indigenous communities. The marginalization of indigenous peoples in this process primarily emerges from the government's very wide legislative discretionary power regarding decision-making in the exploitation of land. The government has invoked constitutional clauses relating to land ownership and its power to deploy land resources for the “common benefit” of the people, to assert the consistency of this discretionary power with the Ethiopian Constitution. This article posits that the legislative and practical measures taken by the government that marginalize these indigenous peoples in decisions affecting the utilization of land resources are incompatible with their constitutional right to self-determination. Further, it posits that the government's use of the constitution to justify its wide discretionary power in the decision-making process relating to land exploitation is based on a misreading of the constitution.
The Explanatory Link Account of Normality
Authors: Lavin Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFew have given an extended treatment of the non-statistical sense of normality: a sense captured in sentences like “dogs have four legs,” or “hammers normally have metal heads,” or “it is normal for badgers to take dust baths.” The most direct extant treatment is Bernhard Nickel's Between Logic and the World, where he claims that the normal or characteristic for a kind is what we can explain by appeal to the right sorts of explanations. Just which explanatory strategies can ground normalities, though, is difficult to determine without inviting circularity into the account. After raising this and other worries for Nickel's account, I develop my own account according to which normal features are those which are explained by the kind of thing involved.
Modality-general and modality-specific processes in hallucinations
Authors: Fernyhough Charles 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a growing recognition in psychosis research of the importance of hallucinations in modalities other than the auditory. This has focused attention on cognitive and neural processes that might be shared by, and which might contribute distinctly to, hallucinations in different modalities. In this article, I address some issues around the modality-generality of cognitive and neural processes in hallucinations, including the role of perceptual and reality-monitoring systems, top-down and bottom-up processes in relation to the psychological and neural substrates of hallucinations, and the phenomenon of simultaneous multimodal hallucinations of the same entity. I suggest that a functional systems approach, inspired by some neglected aspects of the writings of A. R. Luria, can help us to understand patterns of hallucinatory experience across modalities and across clinical and non-clinical groups. Understanding the interplay between modality-general and modality-specific processes may bear fruit for improved diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to dealing with distressing hallucinations.