bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming of the Beige Phenotype in White Adipose Tissue of Adult Mice by Mild Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementations in Early Postnatal Life
Authors: Serrano Alba , Asnani-Kishnani Madhu , Rodríguez Ana María , Palou Andreu , Ribot Joan , Bonet María Luisa 
Published: August 2018

ScopeResveratrol (RSV) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are food compounds with anti‐obesity actions in adult rodents. Here, the long‐term effects of RSV and NR mild supplementation throughout lactation on adiposity‐related parameters and the appearance of the beige phenotype in white adipose tissue (WAT) in adulthood are assessed.Methods and resultsNewborn mice received orally RSV or NR from day 2 to 20 of life. Control littermates received the vehicle. All animals are weaned onto a chow diet on day 21. On day 90, half the animals of each group are assigned to a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, while the other remained on a normal‐fat diet. Energy‐balance‐related parameters, blood parameters, and gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of WAT are assessed. Treated male mice show an improved response to the HFD, such as delayed body weight gain, a blunted increase in the plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio, and a decreased lipolytic response, together with signs of white‐to‐brown fat remodeling in inguinal WAT. These effects are absent in female mice.ConclusionRSV and NR supplementations in early postnatal life affect WAT's thermogenic/oxidative transcriptional phenotype and metabolic responses in adulthood, with upregulatory and beneficial effects evidenced in male animals.
Intravesical prostatic protrusion is not always the same shape: Evaluation by preoperative cystoscopy and outcome in HoLEP
Authors: Ito Katsuhiro , Takashima Yasushi , Akamatsu Shusuke , Terada Naoki , Kobayashi Takashi , Yamasaki Toshinari , Inoue Takahiro , Kamba Tomomi , Ogawa Osamu , Negoro Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo examine how morphological differences in intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) predict outcome of Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) treatment.MethodsWe analyzed 173 patients who had undergone HoLEP in our hospital. The protrusion shape was evaluated by outpatient preoperative flexible cystoscopy and classified into five groups: A, no protrusion; B, middle lobe only; C, unilateral lobe only; D, bilateral lobes; and E, B + C or B + D. Paired‐match analysis that adjusted for preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) voiding/storage subscores and IPP was performed between the group with middle lobe protrusion (B + E) and the group without it (C + D).ResultsType A prostate shape was found in 23 patients, type B in 14, type C in 31, type D in 71, and type E in 34. Groups with middle lobe protrusion (B and E) had better changes in the total IPSS (P < 0.05) and the IPSS storage subscore (P < 0.01). Pair matching identified 37 patients each with or without middle lobe protrusion. The group with middle lobe protrusion had significantly more improved total IPSS (−17.5 ± 7.5 vs −13.5 ± 8.3, P < 0.05) and IPSS storage subscore (−6.9 ± 3.4 vs −4.8 ± 3.3, P < 0.05) than did those without middle lobe protrusion.ConclusionsPatients with middle lobe protrusion had greater IPSS improvement after HoLEP than those having comparable‐length IPP but without middle lobe protrusion. IPP is not always the same shape and should be clinically divided into at least two groups.
A note on the block alternating splitting implicit iteration method for complex saddle‐point problems
Authors: Wang Zeng‐Qi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryRecently, Bai has proposed a class of block alternating splitting implicit (BASI) iteration methods [Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 19(6):914‐936] for the complex generalized saddle‐point problems. The author demonstrates the unconditional convergence of the methods when the (1,1) block of the saddle‐point coefficient matrix is positive definite. In this paper, we display that the BASI iteration method is convergent for wider problems, for instance, the (1,1) block is positive semidefinite, provided the splittings meet certain requirements. The theoretical result encourages us to explore more efficient iteration schemes for more general problems. We present new BASI iteration schemes for the algebraic linear systems from time‐harmonic eddy current models. The corresponding matrix splitting preconditioners are presented for the generalized minimal residual method. Experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our new iteration methods and the corresponding preconditioned generalized minimal residual methods.
Does Spending More Get More? Health Care Delivery and Fiscal Implications From a Medicare Fee Bump
Authors: Chen Alice J. , Graves Amy J. , Resnick Matthew J. , Richards Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile salient features of the Affordable Care Act include insurance expansions and private coverage reforms, various other provisions are embedded within the law. We focus on a temporary 10 percent fee increase for primary care visits supplied to publicly insured (Medicare) beneficiaries. Using administrative and survey data, we assess the price shock's impact on service volume, physician labor supply, and quality of care. Primary care physicians (PCPs) in independent practices demonstrate, at most, a marginal 2 percent increase in new patient visits while horizontally and vertically integrated PCPs show no change. Both PCP organizational types witness declines in established patient visits, on average, but there is marked heterogeneity: established patient visits increase by 1 to 2 percent among PCPs with fewer Medicare claims in the pre‐period. The Medicare fee bump did not observably impact other labor supply outcomes and quality of care margins. We estimate that the policy introduced a $1.5 billion transfer from taxpayers to providers during the initiative's first three years.
Analysis of factors related to the occurrence of important drug‐specific postmarketing safety‐related regulatory actions: A cohort study focused on first‐in‐class drugs
Authors: Ikeda Junji , Kaneko Masayuki , Narukawa Mamoru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeFirst‐in‐class (FIC) drugs with novel modes of action pose concerns regarding important postmarketing safety issues. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the occurrence of postmarketing safety‐related regulatory actions (PSRAs) for drugs approved in the United States (US), with a focus on FIC drugs.MethodsNew molecular entities and new therapeutic biologics approved in the United States between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013 were included in the analysis. Important drug‐specific PSRAs were defined as market withdrawal or the addition of new black box warnings or warnings due to adverse drug reactions. The relationship between baseline characteristics and the occurrence of important drug‐specific PSRAs was investigated using a multivariate logistic regression model. We also defined the event as the first important PSRA and estimated the time‐to‐event for each factor.ResultsATC category L (antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents) and FIC drug classification were shown to be statistically significant factors, with odds ratios of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.12‐4.11; P = 0.0203) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.06‐3.31; P = 0.0309), respectively. ATC category L and FIC drugs were also significant factors for time to occurrence of the first event.ConclusionFIC designation and ATC category L were identified as factors related to important drug‐specific PSRAs. These factors were also associated with the time to occurrence of the first important drug‐specific PSRAs.
Structural and functional characterization of hMEX‐3C Ring finger domain as an E3 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Moududee Sayed Ala , Jiang Yiyang , Gilbert Nshogoza , Xie Guodong , Xu Zheng , Wu Jihui , Gong Qingguo , Tang Yajun , Shi Yunyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMEX‐3C, a novel RNA binding E3 ubiquitin ligases, contains two N‐terminal heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K homology (KH) domains and C‐terminal Ring finger domain. Recent evidence has suggested that human MEX‐3C has a strong bondage with carcinogenesis and the MEX‐3C‐mediated ubiquitination of RIG‐I is essential for the antiviral innate immune response. Moreover, the Ring finger domain of MEX‐3C could regulate the degradation of HLA‐A2 (an MHC‐I allotype) mRNA with a novel mechanism. However, the structural basis for the ubiquitination catalyzed by hMEX‐3C Ring finger domain remains evasive. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of dimeric Ring finger domain of hMEX‐3C and compared it with the complex structure of MDM2/MDMX–UbcH5b–Ub. Our ubiquitination assay demonstrated that the Ring finger domain of hMEX‐3C acts as a ubiquitin E3 ligase in vitro, cooperating with specific E2 to mediate ubiquitination. Then, we identified several key residues in Ring finger domain of hMEX‐3C possibly involved in the interaction with E2–Ub conjugate and analyzed the E3 ligase activities of wild type and mutants at key sites. Additionally, zinc chelation experiments indicated that the intact structural stability is essential for the self‐ubiquitination activity of the Ring finger domain of hMEX‐3C. Taken together, our studies provided new insight into the mechanism of the Ring finger domain of hMEX‐3C that may play an important role in eliciting antiviral immune responses and therapeutic interventions.
Overexpression of MCM10 promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Cui Feilun , Hu Jianpeng , Ning Songyi , Tan Jian , Tang Huaming 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most malignant tumors of the male urogenital system. There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers for PCa.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the expression levels of MCM10 in prostate cancer by analyzing public datasets (including The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE21032). Furthermore, loss of function assays was performed to evaluate the effects of MCM10 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation. Furthermore, we performed microarray and bioinformatics analyses to explore the potential mechanisms of MCM10.ResultsIn the present study, we for the first time revealed MCM10 was significantly upregulated in PCa. Moreover, we found increased MCM10 expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and high Gleason score PCa. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated higher MCM10 expression was associated with a poorer patient prognosis in PCa. Furthermore, loss of function assays showed that MCM10 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, but promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, we performed microarray and bioinformatics analysis and found MCM10 regulated PCa progression by regulating a series of biological processes including cancer, cell death, and apoptosis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MCM10 may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.
The route and rate of thiamethoxam soil degradation in laboratory and outdoor incubated tests, and field studies following seed treatments or spray application
Authors: Hilton Martin J , Emburey Simon N , Edwards Paul A , Dougan Christine , Ricketts Dean C 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe route and rate of degradation of thiamethoxam in the laboratory and field was investigated. The effect of dark incubation versus light/dark cycles, seed treatment versus spray, and watering‐in for spray application was explored in side‐by‐side trials.RESULTSGeometric mean DT50 values were 75.4 days in OECD307 studies, and 18.3 (spray) and 16.5 (seed treatment) days in the field. In laboratory soil core studies DT50 values were 24.9 to 43.5 days, with the lowest value from the light/dark incubated soil core. Mean clothianidin formation was 19.7% applied thiamethoxam [mol/mol] in OECD307 studies and 17.5 (spray) and 3.4% (seed) in field trials.CONCLUSIONSoil DT50 values decreased with increasingly realistic tests (laboratory OECD307 to soil cores to soil cores with a light/dark cycle to field trials). The majority of the differences were associated with the soil treatment in OECD307 studies which destroys soil structure and retards the degradation rate; and from the impact on soil pore water movement in light/dark conditions. Degradation rates in the field were comparable between spray application and seed treatments. Maximum clothianidin concentrations were four‐fold lower for seed treatments than for spray application in field studies. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Uncertainty in situations of forced displacement:Acritical interpretative synthesis of refugee literature
Authors: Schiltz Julie , Vindevogel Sofie , Derluyn Ilse , Vanderplasschen Wouter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReferences to uncertainty are omnipresent in literature on forced displacement. This article presents a critical interpretative synthesis of literature about uncertainty in refugee situations and explores common assumptions that underlie the narrative of uncertainty. The analysis of the literature shows that uncertainty appears to be inherent to refugee situations. Also, uncertainty is mainly seen as a constraining and abnormal experience. We critically question these assumptions and try to illustrate how they tend to obscure both the processes that render refugee situations uncertain and the varied ways in which uncertainty can be understood and is made sense of by refugees themselves. Finally, we suggest potential areas and directions for future research on uncertainty in refugee situations.
Gate Tunable Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Principles and Prospects
Authors: Li Huaping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis record summarizes our recent developments on gate‐tunable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key point is to modulate the charge carrier injection barrier by the applied gate potential. One way is to electrochemically dope charge carrier injection layer through porous electrodes. The electrochemically doped charge carrier layer thus form gate‐tunable contact with porous electrodes. Another way is to modulate the work‐function of electrodes that can have varied charge carrier injection barriers following the applied gate potential. Gate‐tunable OLEDs based on these two working principles have been fabricated, characterized and demonstrated for displaying simple digitals and letters. New materials including dielectric, porous electrodes, work function tunable electrodes, and charge carrier injection materials have been further explored for performance improvement.
Overview of catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors toward the production of fuels and high‐value chemicals
Authors: Iliopoulou Eleni F. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , Lappas Angelos A. 
Published: August 2018

The application of heterogeneous catalysis in biomass pyrolysis is considered as one of the most promising methods to improve bio‐oil quality by minimizing its undesirable properties (high viscosity, corrosivity, instability, etc.) and producing renewable fuels and high‐value chemicals. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass refers both to the “in situ” and “ex situ or two‐stage” upgrading. A plethora of catalytic materials have been investigated in the literature for both approaches, including conventional microporous zeolites, ordered mesoporous aluminosilicates, promoted or not with several transition metals, as well as various metal (nano)oxide catalysts with Lewis acidity. Recently, hybrid micro/mesoporous and basic materials have been also suggested exhibiting most promising results due to combined micro/mesoporosity and adequate balance of acid and basic sites. Optimum catalysts are required to retain deoxygenation, enhance yields of aromatics, and other valuable compounds (such as phenolics), while limiting coke formation. Coke formation is one of the reasons of catalyst deactivation; a very challenging issue during biomass CFP, especially using zeolites. The deactivation process is affected by many factors, including the composition of the feedstock (inorganic minerals present in the feedstock may also deposit on the catalyst), reaction conditions, and the nature/properties of the catalysts used in CFP. Precoking on the surface of zeolites or MgO deposition are among the proposed effective ways to suppress coke formation and thus, catalyst deactivation.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Energy and Transport > Science and Materials
A UTP approach for rTiMo
Authors: Xie Wanling , Xiang Shuangqing , Zhu Huibiao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractrTiMo is a real-time version of TiMo (Timed Mobility), which is a process algebra for mobile distributed systems. In this paper, we investigate the denotational semantics for rTiMo. A trace variabletris introduced to record the communications among processes as well as the location where the communication action takes place. Based on the formalized model, we study a set of algebraic laws, especially the laws about the migration and communication with real-time constraints. In order to facilitate the algebraic reasoning about the parallel expansion laws, we enrich rTiMo with a form ofguardedchoice. This can enable us to convert every parallel program to the guarded choice form. Moreover, we also provide a set of proof rules, which can be used to verify the correctness and real-time properties of programs.
Prognostic Significance of Acute Kidney Injury Following Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Dewi F. , Egan R. J. , Abdelrahman T. , Morris C. , Stechman M. J. , Lewis W. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsPost‐operative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and independent mortality risk factor carrying high clinical and economic cost. This study aimed to establish the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL), to determine patients’ risk profile and consequent mortality.
MethodsConsecutive 239 patients of median age 68 (IQR 51–76) years, undergoing EL in a UK tertiary hospital, were studied. Primary outcome measure was AKI and in‐hospital operative mortality.ResultsNinety‐five patients (39.7%) developed AKI, which was associated with in‐hospital mortality in 32 patients (33.7%) compared with 7 patients (4.9%) without AKI. AKI occurred in 81.1% of all mortalities, but none occurred when AKI resolved within 48 h of EL. AKI was associated with chronic kidney disease, age, serum lactate, white cell count, pre‐EL systolic blood pressure and tachycardia (p < 0.010). Median length of hospital stay in AKI survivors was 15 days compared with 11 days in the absence of AKI (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, only AKI at 48 h post‐EL was significantly and independently associated with mortality [HR 10.895, 95% CI 3.152–37.659, p < 0.001].ConclusionPeri‐operative AKI after EL was common and associated with a more than sixfold significant greater mortality. Pre‐operative risk profile assessment and prompt protocol‐driven intervention should minimise AKI and reduce EL mortality.
Modeling and analysis of RNA‐seq data: a review from a statistical perspective
Authors: Li Wei Vivian , Li Jingyi Jessica 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSince the invention of next‐generation RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) technologies, they have become a powerful tool to study the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in biological samples and have revolutionized transcriptomic studies. The analysis of RNA‐seq data at four different levels (samples, genes, transcripts, and exons) involve multiple statistical and computational questions, some of which remain challenging up to date.ResultsWe review RNA‐seq analysis tools at the sample, gene, transcript, and exon levels from a statistical perspective. We also highlight the biological and statistical questions of most practical considerations.ConclusionsThe development of statistical and computational methods for analyzing RNA‐seq data has made significant advances in the past decade. However, methods developed to answer the same biological question often rely on diverse statistical models and exhibit different performance under different scenarios. This review discusses and compares multiple commonly used statistical models regarding their assumptions, in the hope of helping users select appropriate methods as needed, as well as assisting developers for future method development.
A transfer-operator-based relation between Laplace eigenfunctions and zeros of Selberg zeta functions
Authors: ADAM ALEXANDER , POHL ANKE 
Published: August 2018

Over the last few years Pohl (partly jointly with coauthors) has developed dual ‘slow/fast’ transfer operator approaches to automorphic functions, resonances, and Selberg zeta functions for a certain class of hyperbolic surfaces$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\backslash \mathbb{H}$with cusps and all finite-dimensional unitary representations$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$. The eigenfunctions with eigenvalue 1 of the fast transfer operators determine the zeros of the Selberg zeta function for$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4},\unicode[STIX]{x1D712})$. Further, if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$is cofinite and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$is the trivial one-dimensional representation then highly regular eigenfunctions with eigenvalue 1 of the slow transfer operators characterize Maass cusp forms for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$. Conjecturally, this characterization extends to more general automorphic functions as well as to residues at resonances. In this article we study, without relying on Selberg theory, the relation between the eigenspaces of these two types of transfer operators for any Hecke triangle surface$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\backslash \mathbb{H}$of finite or infinite area and any finite-dimensional unitary representation$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$of the Hecke triangle group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$. In particular, we provide explicit isomorphisms between relevant subspaces. This solves a conjecture by Möller and Pohl, characterizes some of the zeros of the Selberg zeta functions independently of the Selberg trace formula, and supports the previously mentioned conjectures.
Influence of the viscous boundary layer perturbations on single-mode panel flutter at finite Reynolds numbers
Authors: Bondarev Vsevolod , Vedeneev Vasily 
Published: August 2018

Panel flutter is an aeroelastic instability of aircraft skin panels, which can lead to a reduction in service life and panel destruction. Despite the existence of many studies related to panel flutter, the influence of the boundary layer on the panel stability has been considered in only a few of them. Up to the present day, most papers on the boundary layer effect consider only a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer over a flat plate. The only studies of a boundary layer of arbitrary form were conducted in our previous papers (Vedeneev, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 736, 2013, pp. 216–249 and Bondarev & Vedeneev, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 802, 2016, pp. 528–552), where the boundary layer was represented as an inviscid shear layer (the Reynolds number $R=\infty$). In this paper we investigate the problem, taking viscosity into account, at large but finite Reynolds numbers. As before, we assume that the panel length is large and use Kulikovskii’s global instability criterion to analyse the panel eigenmodes and consider two different types of boundary layer profiles: a generalised convex profile and a profile with a generalised inflection point. Results show that viscous perturbations can, in general, have both stabilising and destabilising effects on the system, depending on the velocity and temperature profiles of the boundary layer and on its thickness. However, surprisingly, we prove that if the boundary layer yields a significant growth rate in the inviscid approximation, then the viscosity always produces an even larger growth rate.