bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Combination Adjuvants Engage Both TLR and Inflammasome Pathways To Promote Potent Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Seydoux Emilie , Liang Hong , Dubois Cauwelaert Natasha , Archer Michelle , Rintala Nicholas D. , Kramer Ryan , Carter Darrick , Fox Christopher B. , Orr Mark T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The involvement of innate receptors that recognize pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns is critical to programming an effective adaptive immune response to vaccination. The synthetic TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) synergizes with the squalene oil-in-water emulsion (SE) formulation to induce strong adaptive responses. Although TLR4 signaling through MyD88 and TIR domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β are essential for GLA-SE activity, the mechanisms underlying the synergistic activity of GLA and SE are not fully understood. In this article, we demonstrate that the inflammasome activation and the subsequent release of IL-1β are central effectors of the action of GLA-SE, as infiltration of innate cells into the draining lymph nodes and production of IFN-γ are reduced in ASC−/− animals. Importantly, the early proliferation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells was completely ablated after immunization in ASC−/− animals. Moreover, numbers of Ag-specific CD4+ T and B cells as well as production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and Ab titers were considerably reduced in ASC−/−, NLRP3−/−, and IL-1R−/− mice compared with wild-type mice and were completely ablated in TLR4−/− animals. Also, extracellular ATP, a known trigger of the inflammasome, augments Ag-specific CD4+ T cell responses, as hydrolyzing it with apyrase diminished adaptive responses induced by GLA-SE. These data thus demonstrate that GLA-SE adjuvanticity acts through TLR4 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation to promote robust Th1 and B cell responses to vaccine Ags. The findings suggest that engagement of both TLR and inflammasome activators may be a general paradigm for induction of robust CD4 T cell immunity with combination adjuvants such as GLA-SE.
Genome-Wide Posttranscriptional Dysregulation by MicroRNAs in Human Asthma as Revealed by Frac-seq
Authors: Martinez-Nunez Rocio T. , Rupani Hitasha , Platé Manuela , Niranjan Mahesan , Chambers Rachel C. , Howarth Peter H. , Sanchez-Elsner Tilman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit gene expression posttranscriptionally, implicated in virtually all biological processes. Although the effect of individual microRNAs is generally studied, the genome-wide role of multiple microRNAs is less investigated. We assessed paired genome-wide expression of microRNAs with total (cytoplasmic) and translational (polyribosome-bound) mRNA levels employing subcellular fractionation and RNA sequencing (Frac-seq) in human primary bronchoepithelium from healthy controls and severe asthmatics. Severe asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by poor response to therapy. We found genes (i.e., isoforms of a gene) and mRNA isoforms differentially expressed in asthma, with novel inflammatory and structural pathophysiological mechanisms related to bronchoepithelium disclosed solely by polyribosome-bound mRNAs (e.g., IL1A and LTB genes or ITGA6 and ITGA2 alternatively spliced isoforms). Gene expression (i.e., isoforms of a gene) and mRNA expression analysis revealed different molecular candidates and biological pathways, with differentially expressed polyribosome-bound and total mRNAs also showing little overlap. We reveal a hub of six dysregulated microRNAs accounting for ∼90% of all microRNA targeting, displaying preference for polyribosome-bound mRNAs. Transfection of this hub in bronchial epithelial cells from healthy donors mimicked asthma characteristics. Our work demonstrates extensive posttranscriptional gene dysregulation in human asthma, in which microRNAs play a central role, illustrating the feasibility and importance of assessing posttranscriptional gene expression when investigating human disease.
Co-optimized Reliability and Parasitic inductance in Small Footprint Vertical Silicon Carbide MOSFET
Authors: Montazeri M. , Seal S. , Wallace A. , Mantooth A. , Huitink D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Increasing power density in power electronics is driving a need for improved packaging methods for co-optimized high frequency performance, thermal dissipation and reliable operation, especially at high temperatures. Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices offer great opportunity as wide bandgap semiconductor devices, which maintain stability over wide temperature ranges, especially when compared to Silicon (Si) based devices. A novel flip-chip packaging technique for SiC power devices was developed at the University of Arkansas. This new package re-orients a bare die from a lateral device to a vertical device by utilizing a copper connector that routes the drain connection to the top side of the die. This study involves an investigation of achieving a co-optimized packaging configuration for thermomechanical reliability and low parasitic inductance. By orienting this SiC switch vertically, the unique 3D drain connector dramatically reduces the ringing at aggressive switching speeds used in power electronics when compared to Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) devices. However, the design of this drain connector holds importance for high temperature operation, interconnect reliability as well as manufacturability. Effects of the packaging design, including materials, layout and solder pitch size were investigated from a thermal cycling reliability aspect. Electrical performance, such as parasitic inductances of the device, was also investigated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. Several drain connector architectures were evaluated for their fatigue life capability of solder interconnects under thermal cycling (according to Darveaux's model) in conjunction with the parasitic inductance using FEA simulation. Based on the simulation results, an optimized architecture was selected and fabricated for prototype demonstration, and the electrical performance under double pulse test compared with state of the art devices demonstrated improvement in switching performance by reducing overshoot of voltage across the grain-source by 36% and 77% reduction of the drain current ringing during the turn-off event while eliminating voltage overshoot during turn-on event for the testing conditions.
From Chips to Modules: Tackling the High Temperature Design Challenge
Authors: Delatte Pierre , Gradincic Zlatan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the challenges of high temperature electronic design and the solutions offered to designers to build reliable systems for harsh environments. First it explains why robust silicon and packaging technologies are equally important to design and manufacture reliable high temperature integrated circuits (ICs). Applying the necessary qualification procedures is also critical. Finally, understanding high temperature specific systems requirements is also important for high temperature ICs vendors in order to offer the right features and the necessary support. As an example, offering simple functions like transistors, logic gates or amplifiers could look basic but is mandatory to build systems and often neglected by large semiconductor companies. Also, supporting modules manufacturers with a bare die offer is critical because, in some cases, hybrid assemblies are the only way to reach size, temperature and reliability requirements. Finally, for more complex functions, e.g. DC-DC Converters or High Voltage Gate Drivers, offering reference designs taking into account the specificities of high temperature passive and magnetic components is mandatory to support reliable modules or systems design.
Obstáculos e identidad docente: La clave para construir sentido en los planes de formación
Authors: Mena Esteban , Bravo Paulina , Pérez José Luis 
Published: May 2018

En esta investigación daré cuenta de cómo la implementación de una nueva metodología de enseñanza adquiere sentido cuando responde a las necesidades propias del contexto y la importancia que tienen las estrategias que utilizamos quienes trabajamos en formar a los docentes en estas nuevas metodologías. El problema de este proceso investigativo radica en el vago sentido que se ha construido junto a los profesores para lograr la implementación de una nueva metodología denominada “Aprendizaje y Servicio’’, en especial en la asignatura de biología y ciencias naturales. El foco de mi investigación es la construcción de sentido en 35 profesores de enseñanza escolar. Para lograr esta construcción de sentido he elaborado un plan de cambio en base a la investigación de la identidad docente y los obstáculos que la conforman. La presente investigación acción, es el producto de un estudio profundo del contexto escolar entre los miembros del equipo de investigación acción del Magister en didáctica de las ciencias experimentales de la Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Este trabajo ha influido en una mejora en el desempeño profesional, entregándole sentido al vínculo que existe entre la enseñanza de las ciencias y el servicio solidario, fortaleciendo mi propia práctica profesional, y por sobre todo, entendiendo la profesión docente como un proceso de investigación constante.
Characterization of organic nitrogen in aerosols at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Chen Xi , Xie Mingjie , Hays Michael D. , Edgerton Eric , Schwede Donna , Walker John T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study investigates the composition of organic particulate matter in PM2.5 in a remote montane forest in the southeastern US, focusing on the role of organic nitrogen (N) in sulfur-containing secondary organic aerosol (nitrooxy-organosulfates) and aerosols associated with biomass burning (nitro-aromatics). Bulk water-soluble organic N (WSON) represented  ∼  14 % w∕w of water-soluble total N (WSTN) in PM2.5 on average across seasonal measurement campaigns conducted in the spring, summer, and fall of 2015. The largest contributions of WSON to WSTN were observed in spring ( ∼  18 % w∕w) and the lowest in the fall ( ∼  10 % w∕w). On average, identified nitro-aromatic and nitrooxy-organosulfate compounds accounted for a small fraction of WSON, ranging from  ∼  1 % in spring to  ∼  4 % in fall, though were observed to contribute as much as 28 % w∕w of WSON in individual samples that were impacted by local biomass burning. The highest concentrations of oxidized organic N species occurred during summer (average of 0.65 ng N m−3) along with a greater relative abundance of higher-generation oxygenated terpenoic acids, indicating an association with more aged aerosol. The highest concentrations of nitro-aromatics (e.g., nitrocatechol and methyl-nitrocatechol), levoglucosan, and aged SOA tracers were observed during fall, associated with aged biomass burning plumes. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry is the most likely formation pathway for nitrooxy-organosulfates observed at this low NOx site (generally < 1 ppb). Isoprene-derived organosulfate (MW216, 2-methyltetrol derived), which is formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) under low NOx conditions, was the most abundant individual organosulfate. Concentration-weighted average WSON ∕ WSOC ratios for nitro-aromatics + organosulfates + terpenoic acids were 1 order of magnitude lower than the overall aerosol WSON ∕ WSOC ratio, indicating the presence of other uncharacterized higher-N-content species. Although nitrooxy-organosulfates and nitro-aromatics contributed a small fraction of WSON, our results provide new insight into the atmospheric formation processes and sources of these largely uncharacterized components of atmospheric organic N, which also helps to advance the atmospheric models to better understand the chemistry and deposition of reactive N.
Footprint-weighted tile approach for a spruce forest and a nearby patchy clearing using the ACASA model
Authors: Gatzsche Kathrin , Babel Wolfgang , Falge Eva , Pyles Rex David , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Raabe Armin , Foken Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The ACASA (Advanced Canopy–Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm) model, with
a higher-order closure for tall vegetation, has already been
successfully tested and validated for homogeneous spruce
forests. The aim of this paper is to test the model using
a footprint-weighted tile approach for a clearing with
a heterogeneous structure of the underlying surface. The comparison
with flux data shows a good agreement with a footprint-aggregated
tile approach of the model. However, the results of a comparison
with a tile approach on the basis of the mean land use
classification of the clearing is not significantly different. It is
assumed that the footprint model is not accurate enough to separate
small-scale heterogeneities. All measured fluxes are corrected by
forcing the energy balance closure of the test data either by
maintaining the measured Bowen ratio or by the attribution of the
residual depending on the fractions of sensible and latent heat flux
to the buoyancy flux. The comparison with the model, in which the
energy balance is closed, shows that the buoyancy correction for
Bowen ratios >1.5 better fits the measured data. For lower Bowen
ratios, the correction probably lies between the two methods, but the
amount of available data was too small to make a conclusion. With an
assumption of similarity between water and carbon dioxide fluxes,
no correction of the net ecosystem exchange is necessary for Bowen
ratios >1.5.
Designing the Tax Treatment of Litigation-Related Costs
Authors: Pandya Sachin S. , Utz Stephen 
Published: May 2018

Defendants often deduct for income tax purposes their litigation-related costs, such as attorney fees and payments to settle claims or satisfy judgments. The result is often a large gap between the sticker price of settlements or judgments and their after-tax cost—what defendants really pay out of pocket. The problem: For every dollar that a defendant avoids in tax liability by, for example, deducting the damage awards it pays, the civil justice system falls that much short of its corrective-justice or optimal-deterrence goals in that case. For this reason, the entire civil justice system should care about this question: How should income tax law treat litigation-related costs? This Article identifies the critical tax-design choices that must be faced but that prior commentary has largely ignored: How to attribute litigation-related costs to an income-producing activity; whether to treat liability insurer payments made on a defendant’s behalf as income to that defendant; whether to coordinate the tax treatment of a payor’s damages payments with the tax treatment of those receipts to the payee; and whether litigation-related costs should be treated as capital expenditures. Then, the Article offers a new default rule for settlement agreements: Unless a settlement agreement expressly indicates otherwise, a settling defendant promises not to seek an allowable tax deduction for litigation-related costs. In so doing, this Article reveals the issues that lawyers, judges, and scholars must no longer ignore when they argue over how an income tax system could or should treat litigation-related costs.
Poesia e música em Píer, de Sérgio Alcides
Authors: De Carvalho Juliana Cristina 
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo apresenta considerações sobre Píer, de Sérgio Alcides, ainda pouco explorada, que realiza um diálogo interessante com o universo da música. Realizamos uma análise/ leitura do livro, trabalhando também com a ideia das metáforas- conceito e implicações. Um dos autores com o qual dialogamos foi Jorge Luiz Borges, em seu capítulo “A metáfora”. Palavras-chave: Literatura. Música. Poesia. Mar.
Análisis de la capacidad de realizar esprines repetidos con y sin cambio de dirección en futbolistas profesionales
Authors: Yanci Irigoyen J. , Azcarate U. , Los Arcos A. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la capacidad de realizar esprines repetidos en línea recta (RSA) y esprines repetidos con cambio de dirección de 100º (RCODA) en jugadores de fútbol profesionales. En el estudio participaron 18 jugadores de fútbol. El tiempo empleado en realizar el RCODA en la distancia de 15 y 30 m fue significativamente mayor (p &lt; 0,01, d =1,29-4,11) que el empleado en RSA de 15 o 30 m. Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga tanto en 15 m (IF<sub>15 m</sub>) como en 30 m (IF<sub>30 m</sub>) no fue significativamente distinto entre el RSA y el RCODA (p &gt; 0,05, d = 0,18-0,43). A pesar de que la asociación entre el RSA y RCODA fue alta o muy alta y muy probable en la mayor parte de los esprines, en el mejor registro y en el tiempo total, la asociación obtenida en el IF<sub>15 m </sub>y en el IF<sub>30 m</sub> fue baja o moderada y no significativa.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Optimización del pensamiento táctico a partir de juegos simplificados de fútbol en iniciación deportiva.
Authors: Corcho Busto H.M. , González Padrón C.Á. , Arrojo Sureda A. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Esta investigación responde a las limitadas acciones en el Programa Integral de Preparación del Deportista de fútbol para el desarrollo del pensamiento táctico, lo que se proyecta en el problema científico: ¿Cómo contribuir a la estimulación del pensamiento táctico de los futbolistas en la iniciación deportiva? Se plantea como objetivo: proponer juegos simplificados de fútbol para estimular el pensamiento táctico de los futbolistas en la iniciación deportiva. Para ello se trabajó con una población de 16 futbolistas masculinos entre 10 y 13 años, a los cuales se les administraron 2 pruebas para evaluar el estado del pensamiento operativo. Se selecciona una serie de juegos simplificados y se aplica mediante un pre experimento. Después de aplicados los juegos simplificados, los futbolistas emplearon los elementos técnicos mediante el diálogo con su entrenador y fueron capaces de comprender las acciones positivas y negativas en situaciones tácticas de juego. </p>
Suppressor of IKKepsilon forms direct interactions with cytoskeletal proteins, tubulin and α‐actinin, linking innate immunity to the cytoskeleton
Authors: Sonnenschein Halie A. , Lawrence Kenneth F. , Wittenberg Karli A. , Slykas Frank A. , Dohleman Emerald L. , Knoublauch Jilan B. , Fahey Sean M. , Marshall Timothy M. , Marion James D. , Bell Jessica K. 
Published: May 2018

Suppressor of IKKepsilon (SIKE) is associated with the type I interferon response of the innate immune system through TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Originally characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of TBK1 when overexpressed in viral infection and pathological cardiac hypertrophic models, a mechanistic study revealed that SIKE acts as a high‐affinity substrate of TBK1, but its function remains unknown. In this work, we report that scratch assay analysis of parental and SIKE CRISPR/Cas9 knockout HAP1 cells showed an ~ 20% decrease in cell migration. Investigation of the SIKE interaction network through affinity purification/mass spectrometry showed that SIKE formed interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. In immunofluorescence assays, endogenous SIKE localized to cytosolic puncta in both epithelial and myeloid cells and to nuclear puncta in myeloid cells, while in epithelial cells additional staining occurred in stress fiber‐like structures and adjacent to the plasma membrane. Using cellular markers, co‐occurrence of SIKE fluorescence with actin, α‐actinin, and ezrin was detected. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation revealed a SIKE:tubulin interaction sensitive to the phosphorylation state of SIKE, but a SIKE:α‐actinin interaction was unchanged by SIKE phosphorylation. In vitro precipitation assays confirmed a direct SIKE interaction with tubulin and α‐actinin. These results indicate that SIKE may promote cell migration by directly associating with the cytoskeleton. In this role, SIKE may mediate cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary in innate immunity, but also link a key catalytic hub, TBK1, to the cytoskeleton.DatabaseThe mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [1] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD007262.
Does the apex optimization line matter for single‐channel vaginal cylinder brachytherapy planning?
Authors: Kim Yusung , Cabel Katherine , Sun Wenqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to test the impact of the use of the apex optimization line for new vaginal cylinder (VC) applicators. New single channel VC applicators (Varian) that have different top thicknesses but the same diameters as the old VC applicators (2.0 cm diameter, 2.3, 2.6, 3.0, and 3.5 cm) were compared using phantom studies. Old VC applicator plans without the apex optimization line were also compared to the plans with an apex optimization line. The apex doses were monitored at 5 mm depth doses (eight points) where a prescription dose (Rx) of 6 Gy was prescribed. VC surface doses (eight points) were also analyzed. The new VC applicator plans without apex optimization line presented significantly lower 5‐mm depth doses over the Rx (on average −31 ± 7%, P < 0.00001) due to thicker VC tops (3.4 ± 1.1 mm thicker with the range of 1.2–4.4 mm) than the old VC applicators. Old VC applicator plans also showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.00001) due to the Ir‐192 source anisotropic effect at the apex region, but the percent reduction over the Rx was only −7 ± 9%. However, by adding the apex optimization line to the new VC applicator plans, the plans improved 5‐mm depth doses (−7 ± 9% over Rx) that were not statistically different from old VC applicator plans (P = 0.923), along with apex VC surface doses (−22 ± 10% over old VC vs −46 ± 7% without using apex optimization line). The use of the apex optimization line is important in order to avoid significant additional cold doses (−24 ± 2%) at the prescription depth (5 mm) of the apex, specifically for the new VC applicators that have thicker tops. A template‐based vaginal cylinder planning reduced the intra‐ and inter‐planner variations of manual generation of apex optimization line, along with treatment time.
Metallic Graphene‐Like VSe2 Ultrathin Nanosheets: Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage and Their Working Mechanism
Authors: Yang Chao , Feng Jianrui , Lv Fan , Zhou Jinhui , Lin Chunfu , Wang Kai , Zhang Yelong , Yang Yong , Wang Wei , Li Jianbao , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are receiving increasing interest in grid‐scale energy storage owing to the earth abundant and low cost of potassium resources. However, their development still stays at the infancy stage due to the lack of suitable electrode materials with reversible depotassiation/potassiation behavior, resulting in poor rate performance, low capacity, and cycling stability. Herein, the first example of synthesizing single‐crystalline metallic graphene‐like VSe2 nanosheets for greatly boosting the performance of KIBs in term of capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability is reported. Benefiting from the unique 2D nanostructure, high electron/K+‐ion conductivity, and outstanding pseudocapacitance effects, ultrathin VSe2 nanosheets show a very high reversible capacity of 366 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a high rate capability of 169 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, and a very low decay of 0.025% per cycle over 500 cycles, which are the best in all the reported anode materials in KIBs. The first‐principles calculations reveal that VSe2 nanosheets have large adsorption energy and low diffusion barriers for the intercalation of K+‐ion. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that VSe2 nanosheets undertake a reversible phase evolution by initially proceeding with the K+‐ion insertion within VSe2 layers, followed by the conversion reaction mechanism.