bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerium Catalyzed Transamidation of Secondary Amides under Ultrasound Irradiation: A Breakthrough in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Mishra Ankush , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA facile and convenient approach for transamidation of secondary amides using cerium as green catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation has been reported. The method involves initial functionalisation of secondary amide substrates with electron withdrawing COCF3 group to weaken the amide C−N bond, and in second step the activated amide undergoes transamidation with various amines in the presence of cerium catalyst via selective cleavage of C<C‐>N bond under ultrasonic irradiation to furnish the transamidated products in good to excellent yields. This method shows a broad scope with respect to both amides and amines including sterically hindered amines. Non‐precious, green cerium catalyst and ultrasonication method have been used for the first time to accomplish a challenging secondary amide transamidation under exceptionally mild conditions and short reaction time.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Rotaxanes, Including a Hetero‐Hybrid [3]Rotaxane Featuring Two Distinct Heterometallic Rings and a Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Timco Grigore A. , Fernandez Antonio , Kostopoulos Andreas K. , Charlton Jodie F. , Lockyer Selena J. , Hailes Thomas R. , Adams Ralph W. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Tuna Floriana , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo J. , Whitehead George F. S. , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract[2] and [3] hybrid rotaxanes are reported based on {Ti7M} rings (M is a trivalent metal such as FeIII or GaIII). NMR studies show that [2]rotaxanes can act as molecular shuttles, while EPR studies of [3]rotaxanes show weak interactions between the paramagnetic components of the supramolecular assemblies.
Cell‐ and Tissue‐Based Proteome Profiling and Bioimaging with Probes Derived from a Potent AXL Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Zheng Binbin , Guo Haijun , Ma Nan , Ni Yun , Xu Jiaqian , Li Lin , Hao Piliang , Ding Ke , Li Zhengqiu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAXL has been defined as a novel target for cancer therapeutics. However, only a few potent and selective inhibitors targeting AXL are available to date. Recently, our group has developed a lead compound, 9im, capable of displaying potent and specific inhibition of AXL. To further identify the cellular on/off targets, in this study, competitive affinity‐based proteome profiling was carried out, leading to the discovery of several unknown cellular targets such as BCAP31, LPCAT3, POR, TM9SF3, SCCPDH and CANX. In addition, trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and acedan‐containing probes were developed to image the binding between 9im and its target proteins inside live cells and tumor tissues. These probes would be useful tools in the detection of AXL in various biosystems.
Tailoring Catalytic Properties of Copper Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles (Hopcalites‐2G) via Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Wegner Karl , Medicus Maximilian , Schade Elke , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHumidity tolerant copper manganese oxide catalysts of the second generation (“Hopcalites‐2G”) were produced by flame spray pyrolysis process (FSP) and their catalytic activity for carbon monoxide oxidation under dry and humid conditions was evaluated. The effects of synthesis parameters such as flame specific variables (OFR=oxygen to fuel ratio, sheath gas, reactor) and the precursor specifications (composition, concentration, solvent) were investigated systematically. From the findings of the synthesis variations, it was possible to identify key factors decisive to achieve a high catalytic activity for CO oxidation under humid conditions. The most important characteristics are phase composition, specific surface area and the carbon content to achieve increased long‐term stability of the flame made catalysts under humid conditions. A high productivity in the flame‐based Hopcalite synthesis was achieved with catalysts performances similar or better than that of the commercial Hopcalite catalyst Carulite 300 (CARUS). The most active catalyst showed 50 % higher CO conversion after one hour on stream at 50 °C and humid conditions compared with the reference. The latter is a crucial step towards an improved humidity tolerance of Hopcalite catalysts in respiratory filter applications.
Atom‐Economic Electron Donors for Photobiocatalytic Halogenations
Authors: Seel Catharina Julia , Králík Antonín , Hacker Melanie , Frank Annika , König Burkhard , Gulder Tanja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn vitro cofactor supply and regeneration have been a major obstacle for biocatalytic processes, in particular on a large scale. Peroxidases often suffer from inactivation by their oxidative co‐factor. Combining photocatalysis and biocatalysis offers an innovative solution to this problem, but lacks atom economy due to the sacrificial electron donors needed. Herein, we show that redox‐active buffers or even water alone can serve as efficient, biocompatible electron sources, when combined with photocatalysis. Mechanistic investigations revealed first insights into the possibilities and limitations of this approach and allowed adjusting the reaction conditions to the specific needs of biocatalytic transformations. Proof‐of‐concept for the applicability of this photobiocatalytic reaction setup was given by enzymatic halogenations.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Intermolecular Oxidative Dearomatization of β‐Naphthols with N‐Hydroxycarbamates
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Zheng , Zhou Kai , Zhu Min , Li La‐Ao‐Chuan , Zhang Xiao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn intermolecular oxidative dearomatization of β‐naphthols with N‐hydroxycarbamates promoted by visible light was realized by means of photogenerated β‐naphthol radical cation intermediates. With a commercially available organic dye, the naphthalenones bearing a fully substituted stereogenic center were obtained with up to 92 % yield under aerobic conditions (26 examples). In addition, the rearrangement of C−O coupling products to C−N coupling compounds could be achieved merely in the presence of Cs2CO3. This transformation simultaneously provides an attractive and synthetically useful approach to access the aminative dearomatization compounds.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Ultrastable Cu@TiO2 Core‐Shell Nanowires with Tunable Diameters via a Redox‐Hydrolysis Synergetic Process
Authors: Liu Deyu , Wu Binghui , Mubeen Syed , Ding Kunlun , Zeng Hongmei , Chuong Tracy T , Moskovits Martin , Stucky Galen D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nanoscale integration of copper metal, frequently with semiconductor heterostructure interfaces, is a promising route for fabricating new micro‐/nanoelectronic devices. Synthesizing such systems using wet‐chemistry methods requires stabilization of nano‐Cu against corrosion/oxidation, which has proven to be challenging. Here we report a methodology for the facile preparation of Cu@TiO2 core‐shell nanowires (NWs). The synthesis combines redox formation of Cu NWs with kinetically controlled hydrolysis of a titania precursor in a single‐pot microwave reaction. The final core‐shell NWs can be precisely tailored with 20‐nm to 140‐nm Cu core diameters, aspect ratios >250, and a 10‐nm porous titania shell. This metal/semiconductor heterojunction is particularly important for its excellent photocatalytic activity. The rapid microwave‐assisted synthesis provides a potentially generalizable paradigm for the rational design of heterogeneous nanostructures with metals and oxides.
Facile Synthesis of Silver Icosahedral Nanocrystals with Uniform and Controllable Sizes
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Zhou Shan , Shen Min , Hood Zachary D. , Xiao Kaijun , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report a robust route to the one‐pot synthesis of Ag icosahedral nanocrystals with uniform and controllable sizes. Our results indicate that multiply‐twinned seeds are initially formed via homogeneous nucleation, followed by their growth into icosahedral nanocrystals with enlarged sizes. During the growth process, Ostwald ripening plays a key role in enabling the formation of nanocrystals with a narrow size distribution. In addition to the conventional approach involving the variation of reaction time, we are able to control the size of the icosahedral nanocrystals by adjusting the molar ratio of the Ag(I) precursor to the reducing agent, altering the reaction temperature, and/or introducing additional Ag(I) precursor. The Ag icosahedral nanocrystals embrace strong localized surface plasmon resonance, with a tunable peak position depending on the particle size. We believe the availability of Ag icosahedral nanocrystals with uniform, tunable sizes offers a great opportunity to investigate their plasmonic and catalytic properties, as well as related applications.
Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Luo Shu‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Jing , Chen Hao , Yu Zhe‐Jian , Lou Wen‐Ya , Xia Liang‐Min , Lou Bai‐Yang , Liu Xue‐Fen , Kang Peng , Lennox Alastair J. J. , Wu Qing‐An 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe discovery of highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting remains a challenge of high importance. Here, we report a series of novel organic conjugated polymers (OCPs) that contain complexed non‐noble metals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The conjugated chromophore polymers were synthesized by a Heck coupling between ferrocene and phenantholine derivatives, which absorb broadly, even up to the near‐IR region. The photocatalyst performances were investigated for hydrogen evolution by using Fe3(CO)12 as a water reduction catalyst. H2 evolution rates up to 212.4 μmol h−1, with an apparent quantum yield of 10.3 % at 380 nm, were obtained with a photocatalyst polymer based on alternating ferrocene and 4,7‐bisphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline units. The high activity is likely due to favorable electron transfer and coordination of Fe3(CO)12 with phenanthroline in the supramolecular OCPs.
DNA barcoding herbaceous and woody plant species at a subalpine forest dynamics plot in Southwest China
Authors: Tan Shao‐Lin , Luo Ya‐Huang , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Burgess Kevin S. , Xu Kun , Li De‐Zhu , Gao Lian‐Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough DNA barcoding has been widely used to identify plant species composition in temperate and tropical ecosystems, relatively few studies have used DNA barcodes to document both herbaceous and woody components of forest plot. A total of 201 species (72 woody species and 129 herbaceous species) representing 135 genera distributed across 64 families of seed plants were collected in a 25 ha CForBio subalpine forest dynamics plot. In total, 491 specimens were screened for three DNA regions of the chloroplast genome (rbcL, matK, and trnH‐psbA) as well as the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We quantified species resolution for each barcode separately or in combination using a ML tree‐based method. Amplification and sequencing success were highest for rbcL, followed by trnH‐psbA, which performed better than ITS and matK. The rbcL + ITS barcode had slightly higher species resolution rates (88.60%) compared with rbcL + matK (86.60%) and rbcL + trnH‐psbA (86.01%). The addition of trnH‐psbA or ITS to the rbcL + matK barcode only marginally increased species resolution rates, although in combination the four barcodes had the highest discriminatory power (90.21%). The situations where DNA barcodes did not discriminate among species were typically associated with higher numbers of co‐occurring con‐generic species. In addition, herbaceous species were much better resolved than woody species. Our study represents one of the first applications of DNA barcodes in a subalpine forest dynamics plot and contributes to our understanding of patterns of genetic divergence among woody and herbaceous plant species.
Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear
Authors: Kohl Michel T. , Stahler Daniel R. , Metz Matthew C. , Forester James D. , Kauffman Matthew J. , Varley Nathan , White P. J. , Smith Douglas W. , MacNulty Daniel R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA “landscape of fear” (LOF) is a map that describes continuous spatial variation in an animal's perception of predation risk. The relief on this map reflects, for example, places that an animal avoids to minimize risk. Although the LOF concept is a potentially unifying theme in ecology that is often invoked to explain the ecological and conservation significance of fear, little is known about the daily dynamics of an LOF. Despite theory and data to the contrary, investigators often assume, implicitly or explicitly, that an LOF is a static consequence of a predator's mere presence within an ecosystem. We tested the prediction that an LOF in a large‐scale, free‐living system is a highly dynamic map with “peaks” and “valleys” that alternate across the diel (24‐h) cycle in response to daily lulls in predator activity. We did so with extensive data from the case study of Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) and wolves (Canis lupus) that was the original basis for the LOF concept. We quantified the elk LOF, defined here as spatial allocation of time away from risky places and times, across nearly 1,000‐km2of northern Yellowstone National Park and found that it fluctuated with the crepuscular activity pattern of wolves, enabling elk to use risky places during wolf downtimes. This may help explain evidence that wolf predation risk has no effect on elk stress levels, body condition, pregnancy, or herbivory. The ability of free‐living animals to adaptively allocate habitat use across periods of high and low predator activity within the diel cycle is an underappreciated aspect of animal behavior that helps explain why strong antipredator responses may trigger weak ecological effects, and why an LOF may have less conceptual and practical importance than direct killing.
Rationale and design of a multicentre, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of mirabegron, a Beta3‐adrenergic receptor agonist on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in patients with structural heart disease Beta3‐left ventricular hypertrophy (Beta3‐LVH)
Authors: Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , Anker Stefan , Brito Dulce , Brosteanu Oana , Hasenclever Dirk , Casadei Barbara , Edelmann Frank , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gruson Damien , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Lhommel Renaud , Mahmod Masliza , Neubauer Stefan , Persu Alexandre , Gerber Bernhard L. , Piechnik Stefan , Pieske Burkert , Pieske‐Kraigher Elisabeth , Pinto Fausto , Ponikowski Piotr , Senni Michele , Trochu Jean‐Noël , Van Overstraeten Nancy , Wachter Rolf , Balligand Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsProgressive left ventricular (LV) remodelling with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the onset and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The Beta3‐LVH trial will test the hypothesis that the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron will improve LV hypertrophy and diastolic function in patients with hypertensive structural heart disease at high risk for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Methods and resultsBeta3‐LVH is a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, two‐armed, multicentre, European, parallel group study. A total of 296 patients will be randomly assigned to receive either mirabegron 50 mg daily or placebo over 12 months. The main inclusion criterion is the presence of LV hypertrophy, that is, increased LV mass index (LVMi) or increased wall thickening by echocardiography. The co‐primary endpoints are a change in LVMi by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and a change in LV diastolic function (assessed by the E/e′ ratio). Secondary endpoints include mirabegron's effects on cardiac fibrosis, left atrial volume index, maximal exercise capacity, and laboratory markers. Two substudies will evaluate mirabegron's effect on endothelial function by pulse amplitude tonometry and brown fat activity by positron emission tomography using 17F‐fluorodeoxyglucose. Morbidity and mortality as well as safety aspects will also be assessed.ConclusionsBeta3‐LVH is the first large‐scale clinical trial to evaluate the effects of mirabegron on LVMi and diastolic function in patients with LVH. Beta3‐LVH will provide important information about the clinical course of this condition and may have significant impact on treatment strategies and future trials in these patients.
Micropillar‐based microfluidic device to regulate neurite networks of uniform‐sized neurospheres
Authors: Kim Da Eun , Lee Jong Min , Ahrberg Christian D. , Shaker Mohammed R. , Lee Ju‐Hyun , Sun Woong , Chung Bong Geun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe inability of neurons to undergo mitosis renders damage to the central or peripheral nervous system. Neural stem cell therapy could provide a path for treating the neurodegenerative diseases. However, reliable and simple tools for the developing and testing neural stem cell therapy are still required. Here, we show the development of a micropillar‐based microfluidic device to trap the uniform‐sized neurospheres. The neurospheres trapped within micropillar arrays were largely differentiated into neuronal cells, and their neurite networks were observed in the microfluidic device. Compared to conventional cultures on glass slides, the neurite networks generated with this method have a higher reproducibility. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of thapsigargin on the neurite networks in the microfluidic device, demonstrating that neural networks exposed to thapsigargin were largely diminished and disconnected from each other. Therefore, this micropillar‐based microfluidic device could be a potential tool for screening of neurotoxins.
Plant cell culture as emerging technology for production of active cosmetic ingredients
Authors: Georgiev Vasil , Slavov Anton , Vasileva Ivelina , Pavlov Atanas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlants have always been the main source for active cosmetic ingredients, having proven health beneficial effects on human, such as anti‐aging, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, UV‐protective, anti‐cancer, anti‐wrinkle, skin soothing, whitening, moisturizing, etc. Extracts from herbal, aromatic and/or medicinal plants have been widely used as effective active ingredients in cosmeceuticals or nutricosmetics, especially in products for topical application and skin‐care formulations. However, over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest to plant cell culture – derived active cosmetic ingredients. These are “new generation” of high quality natural products, produced by the modern plan biotechnology methods, which usually showed stronger activities than the plant extracts obtained by the classical methods. In this review, the advantages and the current progress in plant cell culture technology for the production of active cosmetic ingredients have been summarized, and discussed in details within a presented case study for calendula stem cell product development.
Response of hybrid isolation system during a shake table experiment of a full‐scale isolated building
Authors: Ryan Keri L. , Okazaki Taichiro , Coria Camila B. , Sato Eiji , Sasaki Tomohiro 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA full‐scale 5‐story steel moment frame building was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations using the E‐Defense shake table in August, 2011. For one of the test configurations, the building was seismically isolated by a hybrid system of lead‐rubber bearings and low friction roller bearings known as cross‐linear bearings, and was designed for a very rare 100 000‐year return period earthquake at a Central and Eastern US soil site. The building was subject to 15 trials including sinusoidal input, recorded motions and simulated earthquakes, 2D and 3D input, and a range of intensities including some beyond the design basis level. The experimental program was one of the first system‐level full‐scale validations of seismic isolation and the first known full‐scale experiment of a hybrid isolation system incorporating lead‐rubber and low friction bearings. Stable response of the hybrid isolation system was demonstrated at displacement demands up to 550 mm and shear strain in excess of 200%. Torsional amplifications were within the new factor stipulated by the code provisions. Axial force was observed to transfer from the lead‐rubber bearings to the cross‐linear bearings at large displacements, and the force transfer at large displacements exceeded that predicted by basic calculations. The force transfer occurred primarily because of the flexural rigidity of the base diaphragm and the larger vertical stiffness of the cross‐linear bearings relative to the lead‐rubber bearings.
Different Effects of His‐Au NCs and MES‐Au NCs on the Propagation of Pseudorabies Virus
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Fang Puxian , Zhou Yanrong , Liu Lingzhi , Fang Liurong , Xiao Shaobo , Liang Jiangong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn a previous work, gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are found to inactivate RNA virus, but the effect of surface modification of Au NCs on its proliferation is still largely unknown. Here, the effect of surface modification of Au NCs on the proliferation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) by synthesizing two types of gold clusters with different surface modification, histidine stabilized Au NCs (His‐Au NCs) and mercaptoethane sulfonate and histidine stabilized Au NCs (MES‐Au NCs), is investigated. His‐Au NCs rather than MES‐Au NCs could strongly inhibit the proliferation of PRV, as indicated by the results of plaque assay, confocal microscopic analysis, Western blot assay, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Further study reveals that His‐Au NCs perform the function via blockage of the viral replication process rather than the processes of attachment, penetration, or release. Additionally, His‐Au NCs are found to be mainly localized to nucleus, while MES‐Au NCs are strictly distributed in cytoplasm, which may explain why His‐Au NCs can suppress the proliferation of PRV, but not MES‐Au NCs. These results demonstrate that surface modification plays a key role in the antiviral effects of Au NCs and a potential antiviral agent can be developed by changing the Au NC surface modification.