bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The End of Exceptionalism and a Strengthening of Coherence? Law and Legal Integration in the EU Post‐Brexit
Authors: Cardwell Paul James 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe EU's legal system has been built on the principle of a single legal order. Undeniably, however, differentiation has crept in. The UK has been at the forefront of seeking opt‐outs and exceptions to the euro, the Schengen area and so on. After Brexit, will requests by member states for special treatment continue, or will the Brexit experience strengthen the legal order? Is the EU's legal system capable of absorbing differentiation in its fabric? This article argues that differentiation can be accommodated only so far in the Treaty arrangements without a wholescale re‐evaluation of the purpose of EU law. The UK's departure removes the member state most ready to challenge some of the fundamentals of the legal order, but the article urges caution against a full re‐characterization of the nature of EU law post‐Brexit. Instead, the article foresees a continuation of the status quo, in which differentiation exists in various forms but as exceptions to the rule, rather than the rule itself.
Differentiated (Dis)integration in Practice: The Diplomacy of Brexit and the Low Politics of High Politics
Authors: Svendsen Øyvind , Adler‐Nissen Rebecca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article advances a practice approach to differentiated (dis)integration in European security and defence in light of Brexit. We propose that understanding how differentiation in the area of security and defence is given meaning on the ground requires examining the everyday social practices of officials and military professionals. Therefore, we focus on the ‘low politics’ of security and defence cooperation in Europe. We do so by entering the diplomatic engine room in the EU's Political and Security Committee (PSC). We show how arguments that Brexit will either be the ultimate death blow to the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) or that it will be the catalyst for deeper military cooperation fail to take account of the social dynamics and the historical path of security and military cooperation in Europe. Future research on differentiation should pay particular attention to how such dynamics play out in the everyday social negotiation of meaning among practitioners.
Rethinking Britain's Role in a Differentiated Europe after Brexit: A Comparative Regionalism Perspective
Authors: Murray Philomena , Brianson Alex 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOnce outside the EU, the UK will have to develop a new relationship with its former partners in the EU and other pan‐European bodies such as NATO, and this will require the UK to re‐evaluate its sense of its global and regional importance. We argue in particular that the comparative literature on awkward states in regional integration and regionalism, as well as that on middle powers in international relations, can help us understand the ways in which the UK's likely future relations with its continental neighbours can be approached and understood. In this article we focus on future UK–EU relations, drawing on Alex Warleigh‐Lack's typology of regionalization processes to develop maximalist and minimalist understandings of how the UK–EU relationship of the future could be structured. We then draw on the literature on middle powers, as well as that devoted to three other awkward states in their respective regions, namely Australia, Japan and Norway, to illustrate how these relationships have worked in practice, and thus how the UK could seek to structure its future regional role.
Dabigatran as an oral anticoagulant in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome post‐percutaneous endovascular intervention
Authors: Sharma Sanchit , Kumar Ramesh , Rout Gyanranjan , Gamanagatti Shivanand R , Shalimar  
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAnticoagulants play an important role in the management of Budd–Chiari syndrome. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy and safety of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants—dabigatran, among patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data, the stent patency rates, major bleeding episode, and a composite endpoint of major bleed and/or mortality rates were compared between Budd–Chiari syndrome patients treated with dabigatran (n = 36) or vitamin K antagonists (n = 62) following endovascular intervention.ResultsThe baseline characteristics, including sites of block and types of interventions, were similar between the two groups. The mean duration of follow‐up in the dabigatran and vitamin K antagonist groups was 10.5 ± 6.7 and 14.1 ± 6.9 months (P = 0.006), respectively. The endovascular stent patency rates were comparable between the dabigatran and vitamin K antagonist groups at 6 months (91% vs 96.5%) and 12 months (91% vs 93%), P = 0.296 (log‐rank test), respectively. Major bleeding events were comparable between the dabigatran and vitamin K antagonist groups at 6 months (3.5% vs 2%) and 12 months (3.5% vs 6.5%), P = 0.895 (log‐rank test), respectively. The composite endpoint of mortality and major bleed was comparable between dabigatran and vitamin K antagonists at 6 months (4% vs 5%) and 12 months (4% vs 8%), P = 0.875 (log‐rank test), respectively.ConclusionsDabigatran, as compared with vitamin K antagonists, is associated with similar stent patency rates and complications among patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome post‐endovascular intervention.
Changes in the macroscopic morphology of hip muscles in low back pain
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammadreza , Asadi Mohammad , Dommerholt Jan , Yeganeh Ali 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow back pain is a major health issue affecting the lumbopelvic muscles. Morphological changes in hip muscles, such as alterations in the muscle cross‐sectional area and muscle volume, may occur in patients with low back pain. This systematic review was conducted to investigate whether patients with low back pain have macroscopic changes in their hip muscle morphology compared with asymptomatic, healthy individuals, based on current evidence. The electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Ovid, Scopus, Embase®, and Google Scholar were searched from the inception to August 31, 2018. We only included full texts of original studies regarding macroscopic morphological alterations, including atrophy and fat infiltration, in hip muscles of patients with low back pain compared with asymptomatic controls. The quality of the included studies was determined using an assessment tool based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The scale was modified for the purposes of this study. Sixteen comparative observational studies were found eligible to be included in this review. Eleven were classified as high quality and four as moderate quality. The morphological changes in the psoas major, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis muscles were assessed in the primary studies. All selected studies were considered B level of evidence studies. The strength of conclusions for the psoas major, gluteal, and piriformis muscles was moderate. The results revealed that there is substantial controversy about the morphological changes in hip muscles in patients with low back pain; however, the majority of high‐quality studies concluded that atrophy of hip muscles is evident in patients with low back pain. The psoas major muscle was the most commonly investigated hip muscle for morphological changes. Major methodological limitations of the included studies were identified and discussed. The present systematic review does not include a formal meta‐analysis because of very significant differences in the primary studies in terms of study populations and methodologies. Finally, in clinical practice, it is recommended that physical therapists develop exercise programs to improve hip muscle function in patients with low back pain.
Retheorising the End: Sonata Structures and Morphological Form in Shostakovich's String Quartet Finales
Authors: Ellis Sarah Reichardt 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBetween the mid‐1930s and the 1960s Dmitri Shostakovich composed a large number of sonata movements in which the structure is in dialogue with eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century conceptions of the form. Performative in nature, his use of the formal genre is clearly displayed, indeed highlighted in the exposition, only to be just as openly countered later in the movement. Previous scholarship has focused on Shostakovich's use of sonata form in first movements of multi‐movement symphonies and quartets. Yet, his alterations to the form differ with respect to the placement of the movement within a multi‐movement work. In first‐movement sonata forms, the rupture of the structural boundary between the development and recapitulation is sutured over. In finales, the gap is torn open and put on display through a dissolution of the music at the structural juncture. How the music restarts after this dissolution affects the narrative role of the movement. Owing to these alterations in structure, the finales problematise the rhetorical functions such movements have historically played in the overall structure. Historic archetypes are not fulfilled, but rather questioned and undermined. Shostakovich's string quartet finales thus function as morphological forms, moving beyond traditional syntactic space into a more expressive realm. Through the gesture of disintegration they metaphorically display symbolic dissolution, only then to propose new means of reflecting symbolic existence. Through his alterations Shostakovich presents a revitalized sonata form, one that is able to create meaning within the modern context.
Emerging role of m6A RNA methylation in nutritional physiology and metabolism
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Frazier Katya , Zhang Jingfei , Gan Zhending , Wang Tian , Zhong Xiang 
Published: September 2019

SummaryN6‐methyladenine (m6A) is the most prevalent type of internal RNA methylation in eukaryotic mRNA and plays critical roles in regulating gene expression for fundamental cellular processes and diverse physiological functions. Recent evidence indicates that m6A methylation regulates physiology and metabolism, and m6A has been increasingly implicated in a variety of human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Conversely, nutrition and diet can modulate or reverse m6A methylation patterns on gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of the m6A methylation mechanisms and highlight the crosstalk between m6A modification, nutritional physiology and metabolism.
A normative account of epistemic luck
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a normative account of epistemic luck, according to which the luckiness of epistemic luck is analyzed in terms of the expectations a subject is entitled to have when she satisfies the standards of epistemic justification. This account enables us to distinguish three types of epistemic luck—bad, good, and sheer—and to model the roles they play e.g. in Gettierization. One controversial aspect of the proposed account is that it is non‐reductive. While other approaches analyze epistemic luck in non‐epistemic terms—either in modal terms (lack of safety) or in agential terms (lack of creditworthiness)—I argue that the non‐reductive nature of the normative account is actually a selling‐point relative to its competitors.
Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusion, and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region, SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type
Authors: Du Li‐Juan , Li Bo , Huang Zhi‐Long , Chen Jun , Zhou Jia‐Xi , Zou Guo‐Fu , Yan Zai‐Fei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.
A New Face to the Race Card? Campaigns, Racial Cues, and Candidate Credibility
Authors: Philpot Tasha S. , Miller Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThis research examines the effects of using positive racial imagery in the context of an electoral campaign.MethodThis study utilizes an experiment that was embedded in a survey conducted as part of the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study.ResultsUnlike negative stereotypical images that activate racial prejudice, positive racial images can be used to improve perceptions of a candidate's perceived level of inclusivity and overall candidate evaluations. The ability to do so, however, is contingent on the racial attitudes of the subjects.ConclusionThis study provides new insight into how racial appeals can be made in campaigns as well as the relative rigidity and fluidity of political stereotypes.
Tactile priming accelerates conscious access to continuous flash‐suppressed characters
Authors: Lang Yiran , Gao Ming , Huang Qiang , Liu Zejian , Wu Liang , Tang Rongyu 
Published: September 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Research has reported that some sensory input, such as auditory and olfactory input, can affect subliminal visual processing. However, it is important to address whether tactile input, another form of elementary sensory input, could influence the interocular rivalry process.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We present several pieces of evidence regarding the influences of familiar tactile shapes and temperature on continuous flash suppression. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that there is a cross‐modal effect on subconscious visual semantic processing of Chinese characters. More specifically, tactile sensations affect subliminal processing of visual information.

AbstractTactile and visual sensations are the most vital human functions for obtaining environmental information. However, whether tactile information influences visual processing remains unclear. In this study, a breaking continuous flash suppression (b‐CFS) protocol was used to measure the extent to which tactile sensations facilitate visual processing subconsciously. In experiment 1, finger stimulation with cold and hot temperatures served as primers for the words ‘cold’ and ‘hot’, which were in turn suppressed by CFS. In experiment 2, subjects viewed the upright or inverted word ‘cell phone’, with or without tactile priming of holding a cell phone in their hand. Results demonstrated that the tactile primer significantly shortened the reaction time in the touch group compared with the control group in both experiments. Thus, the tactile sensation of a familiar article and/or temperature appears to facilitate corresponding visual semantic recognition to break CFS earlier.
Effects of Size of Zinc Borate on the Flame Retardant Properties of Intumescent Coatings
Authors: Lu Ning , Zhang Pengchao , Wu Ya’nan , Zhu Danqing , Pan Zhu 
Published: September 2019

This paper is aimed at assessing the fire retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and melamine (MEL). Zinc borate (ZB) was added at the loading of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% by weight of IFR. The sizes of investigated ZB fall in 3 ranges: 1-2 μm, 2-5 μm, and 5-10 μm. The performance of APP/PER/MEL was investigated by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter test, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The results obtained from the above experiments show that the incorporation of ZB can improve the fire protection performance. A 77% decrease in total smoke production and 84.6% decrease in total heat release were achieved for the addition of 2 wt% ZB (2-5 μm) in the IFR coating. TGA results indicate an increased amount of char residue. Compared to the control IFR coating, the char residue of IFR containing 2 wt% ZB (2-5 μm) has increased approximately 1.5-fold, 10-fold, and 25-fold, at 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, respectively. The effective char formation results in excellent smoke suppression. Regarding smoke suppression performance, the order for smoke density is IFR/ZB (2-5 μm) < IFR/ZB (5-10 μm) < IFR/ZB (1-2 μm), regardless of investigated loading levels. The decline of smoke suppression performance for IFR/ZB (5-10 μm) and IFR/ZB (1-2 μm) is believed to be due to the poor char formation, as a result of a weak interaction of APP, PER, MEL, and ZB. This weak interaction is caused by the decrease in the specific surface area and agglomeration of ZB particles for IFR/ZB (5-10 μm) and IFR/ZB (1-2 μm), respectively.
Efficacy of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) as an add-on to antidepressant medication for the treatment of persistent depressive symptoms in adults: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Lopresti Adrian L , Smith Stephen J , Hood Sean D , Drummond Peter D 
Published: September 2019

Background: As a stand-alone intervention, saffron has efficacy for the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. However, research as an adjunct agent is limited. Aims: The effects of saffron as an adjunct to pharmaceutical antidepressants in adults with persistent depression was investigated. Methods: In this eight-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adults with persistent depression, currently taking a pharmaceutical antidepressant were given a placebo or a saffron extract (affron®, 14 mg b.i.d.). Primary outcome measures included the clinician-rated Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and self-rated MADRS (MADRS-S). Secondary outcome measures included the Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist (ASEC) and Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Of the 160 participants enrolled, 139 provided usable data. Based on the MADRS, depressive symptoms decreased more in participants taking saffron compared with a placebo, with reductions of 41 and 21%, respectively ( p = 0.001). However, scores on the MADRS-S decreased 27 and 26% in the saffron and placebo conditions, respectively ( p = 0.831). Saffron was associated with a greater reduction in adverse effects of antidepressants ( p = 0.019), although this was non-significant after covarying for baseline values ( p = 0.449). Quality of life improved in both groups with no significant between-group differences ( p = 0.638). Conclusion: Adjunctive administration of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) for eight weeks was associated with a greater improvement in depressive symptoms as measured by the clinician-rated MADRS but not the self-report MADRS-S. Given the conflicting results, further research is needed to clarify the clinical benefits of saffron as an adjunctive treatment for adults with persistent depressive symptoms despite antidepressant drug treatment.
The Vanuatu Psychiatry Mentorship Programme: supporting the development of a fledgling mental health service in the Pacific
Authors: Obed Jimmy , Bush Allister , Stathis Stephen , Hunter Ernest 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To describe the Vanuatu Psychiatry Mentorship Programme (VPMP) set up to support the sole mental health doctor and local nurses developing mental health service capacity in Vanuatu. Method: Following a request from Vanuatu, the VPMP was set up under the auspices of the Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (the College) with three components: regular online supervision, yearly onsite visits and advice over the Internet on an as-required basis. Results: Onsite visits undertaken by three VPMP psychiatrists provided opportunities for mentoring and teaching activities related to clinical psychiatry, community liaison, social and ethical considerations and mental health policy matters. Online supervision sessions were initially hampered by technology difficulties. Ad hoc advice over the Internet allowed more rapid responses in complex acute psychiatry cases. Conclusions: Structured mentoring programmes can play a role in supporting the development of mental health capacity in low-resourced Pacific nations. Such programmes are likely to be more useful for Pacific participants if they are flexible, ongoing, sustained by support from the College and reviewed regularly.