bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of wealth resemblance by family relationship types in modern Chinese families
Authors: Chu C. Y. Cyrus , Kan Kamhon , Lin Jou Chun 
Published: March 2019

Significance
This study uses millions of records from a public registry in Taiwan to estimate wealth correlations among kinship members. This wealth correlation as a measure of kinship resemblance is shown to capture much more information about the modern Chinese family than that of mechanical genetic relatedness or the correlations among immediate family members. We are able to see from our proposed measure the variations of family members’ resemblance between males and females, between paternal and maternal lines of relatives, between rich and ordinary families, and between adoptees and other children.
Heterogeneous and rate-dependent streptavidin–biotin unbinding revealed by high-speed force spectroscopy and atomistic simulations
Authors: Rico Felix , Russek Andreas , González Laura , Grubmüller Helmut , Scheuring Simon 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Protein–ligand interactions are commonly described in terms of a two-state or a lock-and-key mechanism. To provide a more detailed and dynamic description of receptor–ligand bonds and their (un)binding path, we combined high-speed force spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to probe the prototypical streptavidin–biotin complex. The excellent agreement observed, never used for force-field refinement, provides the most direct test of the “computational microscope.” The so-far largest dynamic range of loading rates explored (11 decades) enabled accurate reconstruction of the free-energy landscape. We revealed velocity-dependent unbinding pathways and intermediate states that enhance rebinding, explaining the long lifetime of the bond. We expect similar behavior in most receptor–ligand complexes, implying unbinding pathways governed by transient, timescale-dependent induced fits.
Electrical control of spatial resolution in mixed-dimensional heterostructured photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wei Yang , Zhang Jin , Ma He , Yang Xinhe , Lu Gaotian , Zhang Kenan , Li Qunqing , Jiang Kaili , Fan Shoushan 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Spatial resolution can be electrically switched between high-resolution mode (HRM) and low-resolution mode in mixed-dimensional heterostructured photodetectors, and an interference fringe with 334 nm in period can be discriminated by setting at HRM. This can be attributed to the asymmetric geometry and the gate-tunable Fermi levels of these low-dimensional materials. It reveals great potential of the mixed-dimensional architectures in future nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics.
Lightweight, flaw-tolerant, and ultrastrong nanoarchitected carbon
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Vyatskikh Andrey , Gao Huajian , Greer Julia R. , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2019

Significance
A long-standing challenge in modern materials manufacturing and design has been to create porous materials that are simultaneously lightweight, strong, stiff, and flaw-tolerant. Here, we fabricated pyrolytic carbon nanolattices with designable topologies by a two-step procedure: direct laser writing and pyrolysis at high temperature. The smallest characteristic size of the nanolattices approached the resolution limits of the available 3D lithography technologies. Due to the designable unit-cell geometries, reduced feature sizes, and high quality of pyrolytic carbon, the created nanoarchitected carbon structures are lightweight, can be made virtually insensitive to fabrication-induced defects, attain nearly theoretical strength of the constituent material, and achieve specific strength up to one to three orders of magnitude above that of all existing micro/nanoarchitected materials.
Intramolecular isotopic evidence for bacterial oxidation of propane in subsurface natural gas reservoirs
Authors: Gilbert Alexis , Sherwood Lollar Barbara , Musat Florin , Giunta Thomas , Chen Songcan , Kajimoto Yuki , Yamada Keita , Boreham Christopher J. , Yoshida Naohiro , Ueno Yuichiro 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Microorganisms can oxidize hydrocarbons anaerobically, but the detection and quantification of this process in natural settings remains difficult, impeding reliable estimation of these processes at the global scale. We have used the technique of position-specific isotope analysis of propane and show that anaerobic biological degradation of propane leads to a specific signature that differs from that of propane produced from thermal decomposition of higher hydrocarbons. When applied to natural gas reservoirs, we show that anaerobic bacterial oxidation of propane can be detected and quantified, which is not the case with the use of conventional methods. Our findings are thus of importance for the detection of subsurface biology, for the understanding of the carbon cycle, and more broadly for environmental sciences.
Solar-driven, highly sustained splitting of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen fuels
Authors: Kuang Yun , Kenney Michael J. , Meng Yongtao , Hung Wei-Hsuan , Liu Yijin , Huang Jianan Erick , Prasanna Rohit , Li Pengsong , Li Yaping , Wang Lei , Lin Meng-Chang , McGehee Michael D. , Sun Xiaoming , Dai Hongjie 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen fuel could be vital to the future renewable energy landscape. Electrodes that can sustain seawater splitting without chloride corrosion could address the issue of freshwater scarcity on Earth. Herein, a hierarchical anode consisting of a nickel–iron hydroxide electrocatalyst layer uniformly coated on a sulfide layer formed on Ni substrate was developed, affording superior catalytic activity and corrosion resistance in seawater electrolysis. In situ-generated polyanion-rich passivating layers formed in the anode are responsible for chloride repelling and high corrosion resistance, leading to new directions for designing and fabricating highly sustained seawater-splitting electrodes and providing an opportunity to use the vast seawater on Earth as an energy carrier.
In the beginning there was conversation
Authors: Sandler Sergeiy , Pascual Esther 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the use of non-quotational direct speech – a construction displaying deictic perspective persistence – in the Hebrew Bible, an ancient text of great cultural significance. We focus on the use of non-quotational direct speech to introduce intentions, hopes, motives, or states of affairs. Special emphasis is laid on the complementizerlemor, grammaticalized from a speaking verb, which introduces the import of an action through direct speech. We claim that such fictive speech is grounded in face-to-face conversation as conceptual model or frame. Beyond the Hebrew Bible itself, we discuss possible extended implications that our findings have for the link between grammatical structures conventionally associated with perspective shift and orality, as well as possible links between the conceptual frame of situated interaction and the notion of linguistic meaning. Ultimately, we hope to advance the view that grammar and discourse are inherently conversational and thus viewpointed in nature.
Social protection in an aspiring ‘developmental state’: The political drivers of Ethiopia’s PSNP
Authors: Lavers Tom 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is among the largest social protection programmes in Africa and has been promoted as a model for the continent. This article analyses the political drivers of the programme, arguing that elite commitment to the PSNP needs to be understood in the context of shifts within Ethiopia’s political settlement and the government’s evolving development strategy. While food security had long been a priority for the ruling party, the 2002/03 food crisis—coming on the back of a series of other political shocks—was perceived as an existential crisis for the ruling coalition, prompting the incorporation of the PSNP into the existing rural development strategy. Foreign donors provided policy ideas and pushed for reform, but it was not until incentives flowing from the political settlement were favourable that elite commitment was secured. Even then, longstanding ideological commitments shaped the productive focus of the programme, ensuring consistency with the development strategy. While the removal of the PSNP is now unthinkable, the extent to which this represents a broader commitment to social protection remains an open question.
Battle of the sexes: a multi-male mating strategy helps lionesses win the gender war of fitness
Authors: Chakrabarti Stotra , Jhala Yadvendradev V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In species exhibiting infanticide by males, females lose out with high stakes and should adopt preemptive mechanisms, pitching the genders in an evolutionary arms race for maximizing fitness. African lions remain a quintessential model of this gender war, with a coalition of males gaining temporary but exclusive breeding rights over a female group after killing all cubs of former males. However in Asiatic lions, now found as a single population in Gir forests, India, adults live in same-sex groups that interact primarily for mating. Intensive monitoring of 70 adult lions revealed that female groups (n = 9) used exclusive territories, whereas male ranges (n = 11 coalitions) overlapped at areas of intense female use. A social network of mating events (n = 76) indicated that lionesses mated with multiple rival coalitions before conceiving. These neighboring coalitions, although hostile to each other were tolerant toward the same litters, suggestive of confused paternity among them. Given a land-tenure system where lionesses encounter many males capable of killing unfamiliar cubs, multi-male mating buffers cub infanticide and likely diversifies paternal lineages in litters. Consequently, infanticide was observed only when “new” males invaded a female group’s territory. An age-based mate choice was observed in lionesses: maiden breeders chose males having highest range overlaps, whereas experienced females selected peripheral males. The intergender spacing patterns and resultant sexual strategies of lions differ in Asia and Africa probably because of contrasting resource availability, highlighting behavioral plasticity within species inhabiting diverse eco-regions. By mating with multiple males, lionesses safeguard their investments and outdo the males in the war of fitness.
The Mental Health Act Assessment Process and Risk Factors for Compulsory Admission to Psychiatric Hospital: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wickersham Alice , Nairi Shilpa , Jones Rebecca , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Compulsory admission rates under the Mental Health Act (MHA) have been on the rise for many years despite representing a costly and coercive approach to psychiatric care. There is therefore an urgent need to minimise compulsory admission rates using interventions based on known risk factors for detention. However, risk factors in the MHA assessment process have been under-researched.

Methods
A mixed methods service evaluation was conducted in one inner London NHS Trust. A retrospective cohort study used routinely collected assessment records to model potential risk factors for detention. Local assessors were interviewed to explore factors that might help or hinder detention minimisation.

Main findings
Assessments were less likely to result in detention when professionals other than the assessing team were in attendance, although this association weakened after adjusting for potential confounders. Interviewed assessors identified factors that could contribute to detention minimisation in the assessment process, in general service provision, and in wider society.

Conclusion
Some local assessment processes could contribute to minimising detention rates, such as community team participation in assessments. Challenges posed by limited resources and community and inpatient care were particularly evident. Consideration of these might also help reduce detentions.
Dose-related Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Verdoodt Freija , Dehlendorff Christian , Kjaer Susanne K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
A reduced, 2-dose schedule of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been endorsed for preadolescent women on the basis of immunogenicity data from randomized trials, and limited data suggest that even 1 dose may provide sufficient protection. Surveillance of the impact of &lt;3 vaccine doses on clinical endpoints in the targeted age group is warranted.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide cohort study of all women aged 17–25 years, living in Denmark between 2006 and 2016. From nationwide registries, we extracted individual-level data on vaccination with the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine at 16 years or younger, number of doses administered, diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 or worse (CIN3+), and potential confounders. Using Poisson regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN2+ and CIN3+, according to vaccination status.

Results
The cohort comprised 590 083 women, of which 215 309 (36%) women were vaccinated at ≤16 years, and among these, 40 742 (19%) received &lt;3 vaccine doses. A total of 5561 women had a diagnosis of CIN3+. We found considerable vaccine effectiveness against CIN3+ after 1 (IRR, 0.38 [95% CI, .14–.98]), 2 (IRR, 0.38 [95% CI, .22–.66]), or 3 (IRR, 0.37 [95% CI, .30–.45]) vaccine doses, compared to unvaccinated women. Results were similar for CIN2+.

Conclusions
We find substantial effectiveness of qHPV vaccination against high-grade cervical precancerous lesions, among women vaccinated with 1, 2, or 3 doses at ≤16 years of age. One-dose vaccination appeared to provide similar protection as 3-dose vaccination.
Is Crohn’s Disease the Price to Pay Today for Having Survived the Black Death?
Authors: Dumay Anne , Gergaud Olivier , Roy Maryline , Hugot Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Nucleotide Oligomerisation Domain 2 [NOD2] is a key gene of innate immunity which participates in the host defence against pathogens. Several loss-of-function NOD2 mutations are associated with Crohn’s disease [CD]. Their high frequencies in populations of European ancestry suggest a model of balancing selection. Because NOD2 deficiency has been associated with a resistance to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in mice, we hypothesised that NOD2 mutations have been selected during past plague outbreaks due to the closely related bacterium Yersinia pestis.

Methods
Contemporary frequencies of the main CD-associated NOD2 mutations [R702W, G908R, and 1007fs], measured in healthy people from European and Mediterranean countries, were collected from 60 studies via a PubMed search. Plague exposure was calculated from a dataset providing outbreaks from 1346 to 1860 in Europe and the Mediterranean Bassin. A plague index was built to capture the intensity of plague exposure in the studied geographical areas.

Results
NOD2 mutation frequencies were associated with the past exposure to plague. Statistical significance was obtained for the most frequent mutation [R702W, p = 0.03] and for the pooled three mutations [p = 0.023]. The association remained significant when putative demographic biases were considered.

Conclusions
This result argues for a selection of CD-associated NOD2 mutations by plague outbreaks and further questioned the role of exposure to enteropathogenic Yersinia species in CD.
Time course of left ventricular remodelling and mechanics after aortic valve surgery: aortic stenosis vs. aortic regurgitation
Authors: Vollema E Mara , Singh Gurpreet K , Prihadi Edgard A , Regeer Madelien V , Ewe See Hooi , Ng Arnold C T , Mertens Bart J A , Klautz Robert J M , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Bax Jeroen J , Delgado Victoria 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Pressure overload in aortic stenosis (AS) and both pressure and volume overload in aortic regurgitation (AR) induce concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, respectively. These structural changes influence left ventricular (LV) mechanics, but little is known about the time course of LV remodelling and mechanics after aortic valve surgery (AVR) and its differences in AS vs. AR. The present study aimed to characterize the time course of LV mass index (LVMI) and LV mechanics [by LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS)] after AVR in AS vs. AR.

Methods and results
Two hundred and eleven (61 ± 14 years, 61% male) patients with severe AS (63%) or AR (37%) undergoing surgical AVR with routine echocardiographic follow-up at 1, 2, and/or 5 years were evaluated. Before AVR, LVMI was larger in AR patients compared with AS. Both groups showed moderately impaired LV GLS, but preserved LV ejection fraction. After surgery, both groups showed LV mass regression, although a more pronounced decline was seen in AR patients. Improvement in LV GLS was observed in both groups, but characterized by an initial decline in AR patients while LV GLS in AS patients remained initially stable.

Conclusion
In severe AS and AR patients undergoing AVR, LV mass regression and changes in LV GLS are similar despite different LV remodelling before AVR. In AR, relief of volume overload led to reduction in LVMI and an initial decline in LV GLS. In contrast, relief of pressure overload in AS was characterized by a stable LV GLS and more sustained LV mass regression.
High-intensity interval training modulates retinal microvascular phenotype and DNA methylation of p66Shc gene: a randomized controlled trial (EXAMIN AGE)
Authors: Streese Lukas , Khan Abdul Waheed , Deiseroth Arne , Hussain Shafaat , Suades Rosa , Tiaden Andre , Kyburz Diego , Cosentino Francesco , Hanssen Henner 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Impairments of retinal vessel diameter are associated with major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Promoter DNA methylation is a repressor of the mitochondrial adaptor p66Shc gene transcription, a key driver of ageing-induced reactive oxygen species. The study aimed to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) affects retinal microvascular phenotype as well as p66Shc expression and oxidative stress in ageing subjects with increased CV risk from the EXAMIN AGE cohort.

Methods and results
Eighty-four sedentary subjects (mean age 59.4 ± 7.0 years) with ≥2 CV risk factors were randomized into either a 12-week HIIT or standard physical activity recommendations. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured by use of a retinal vessel analyser. As a marker of oxidative stress plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) level was determined by ELISA. Gene expression of p66Shc and DNA methylation were assessed in mononuclear cells by RT-qPCR and methylated-DNA capture (MethylMiner Enrichment Kit) coupled with qPCR, respectively. High-intensity interval training reduced body mass index, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass, as well as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Moreover, HIIT restored microvascular phenotype by inducing retinal arteriolar widening (pre: 175 ± 14 µm vs. post: 181 ± 13 µm, P = 0.001) and venular narrowing (pre: 222 ± 14 µm vs. post: 220 ± 14 µm, P = 0.007). After HIIT, restoration of p66Shc promoter methylation (P = 0.034) reduced p66Shc gene expression (P = 0.037) and, in turn, blunted 3-NT plasma levels (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
High-intensity interval training rescues microvascular dysfunction in ageing subjects at increased CV risk. Exercise-induced reprogramming of DNA methylation of p66Shc gene may represent a putative mechanistic link whereby exercise protects against age-related oxidative stress.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02796976 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976).
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undiagnosed Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lewis Kylee , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bernstein Charles N , Graff Lesley A , Patten Scott B , Sareen Jitender , Fisk John D , Bolton James M ,   CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease, Marrie Ruth Ann , Bolton James M , Sareen Jitender , Walker John R , Patten Scott B , Singer Alexander , Lix Lisa M , Hitchon Carol A , El-Gabalawy Renée , Katz Alan , Fisk John D , Bernstein Charles N , Graff Lesley , Berrigan Lindsay , Zarychanski Ryan , Peschken Christine , Marriott James 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a high prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. A significant proportion of IBD patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders remain undiagnosed and untreated, but factors associated with diagnosis are unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of undiagnosed depression and anxiety in an IBD cohort, along with the associated demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods
We obtained data from the enrollment visit of a cohort study of psychiatric comorbidity in immune-mediated diseases including IBD. Each participant underwent a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) to identify participants who met lifetime criteria for a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Those with a SCID-based diagnosis were classified as diagnosed or undiagnosed based on participant report of a physician diagnosis.

Results
Of 242 eligible participants, 97 (40.1%) met SCID criteria for depression, and 74 (30.6%) met criteria for anxiety. One-third of participants with depression and two-thirds with anxiety were undiagnosed. Males were more likely to have an undiagnosed depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR], 3.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–8.85). Nonwhite participants were less likely to have an undiagnosed anxiety disorder (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.042–0.72).

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of screening for depression and anxiety in patients with IBD, with particular attention to those of male sex and with a lower education level.
Impact of Microscopic and Submicroscopic Parasitemia During Pregnancy on Placental Malaria in a High-Transmission Setting in Uganda
Authors: Briggs Jessica , Ategeka John , Kajubi Richard , Ochieng Teddy , Kakuru Abel , Ssemanda Cephus , Wasswa Razack , Jagannathan Prasanna , Greenhouse Bryan , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Kamya Moses , Dorsey Grant 
Published: March 2019

In pregnant women assessed for parasitemia every 28 days, the risk of placental malaria increased in a dose-response relationship with both increasing frequency and density of parasitemia; however, even women with only submicroscopic parasitemia were at risk for placental malaria.