bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neprilysin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Patients Infected With HIV1-Subtypes C and B
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio M. , Tang Bin , Ribeiro Clea E. , Rotta Indianara , Vaida Florin , Piovesan Mauro , Batistela Fernandes Meire S. , Letendre Scott , Potter Michael , Ellis Ronald J. ,   the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group
Published: February 2018

Objective:
Neprilysin (NEP) is the dominant Aβ peptide–degrading enzyme in the brain. HIV-1 subtype B transactivator of transcription protein is known to interfere with NEP function, but whether this is true of HIV-1C transactivator of transcription, which has a defective chemokine motif, is not known. This study aimed to analyze the impact of HIV subtype on NEP-mediated cleavage of Aβ by comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of NEP between HIV+ (27 patients with HIV-1B and 26 with HIV-1C), healthy HIV− controls (n = 13), and patients with Alzheimer disease (n = 24).

Methods:
NEP and Aβ oligomers 38, 40, 42 levels were measured in CSF and serum by immunoassays. Ratios between NEP and Aβ-38, 40, 42, and total were calculated in CSF and serum. Comparisons between HIV(+) and HIV(−) were adjusted by linear regression for sex and age; HIV subtype comparisons were adjusted for nadir CD4 and plasma viral load suppression.

Results:
Levels of NEP and ratios in CSF were comparable for HIV-1C and B subtypes. The ratio of serum NEP/Aβ-40 was lower for HIV1-C than HIV1-B (P = 0.032). The CSF/serum index of NEP/Aβ-40, NEP/Aβ-42, and NEP/Aβ-total were lower for HIV1-B than HIV1-C (P = 0.008, 0.005, and 0.017, respectively), corroborating the findings for serum. CSF NEP was comparable for HIV+, HIV−, and AD.

Conclusion:
There was impact of HIV subtype on NEP. The ratio of NEP/Aβ-40 on serum was lower on HIV1-C than HIV1-B. These results are consistent with the results of CSF Aβ-42 levels decreased in HIV1-C compared with HIV1-B, suggesting higher amyloid β deposit on HIV1-C than HIV1-B.
Adenocarcinoma Prostate With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Parida Girish Kumar , Tripathy Sarthak , Datta Gupta Shreya , Singhal Abhinav , Kumar Rakesh , Bal Chandrasekhar , Shamim Shamim Ahmed 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is the upcoming imaging modality for staging, restaging and response assessment of prostate cancer. However, due to neuroendocrine differentiation in some of patients with prostate cancer, they express somatostatin receptors instead of prostate specific membrane antigen. This can be exploited and other modalities like 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT should be used in such cases for guiding management. We hereby discuss a similar case of 67-year-old man of adenocarcinoma prostate with neuroendocrine differentiation, which shows the potential pitfall of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and benefit of 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in such cases.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Urogynecologic Surgery Cancelation Rates
Authors: Berger Alexander A. , Giugale Lauren E. , Shepherd Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
We examined the impact of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) surgical cancelation rates.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients scheduling FPMRS procedures 1 year before and after ACA implementation at a regional academic medical center. We compared cancelation rates as well as sociodemographic, surgical, and medical history data. Analysis included χ2 test, t test, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
We included 746 subjects, 373 each before and after ACA implementation (January 2014). Subjects were 59.2 ± 14.0 years old, predominantly white (94.9%), employed (45.8%), and married (66.6%), with a body mass index of 28.8 ± 6.2. Subjects lived a median of 24 miles from the hospital. None of these were significant predictors of cancelations. Surgery cancelation rate was 17.1% and occurred 9 days before surgery.
On univariable analysis, cancelation rates did not differ relative to the ACA (15.5% before vs 18.6% after; mean difference, 3.16%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.29% to 8.69%; P = 0.254). Only 3 variables impacted cancelation rate on univariable analysis: women whose surgery was scheduled for later in the week, liver/renal disease, and minor vs major surgery.
On multivariable regression including variables with P < 0.20 as candidate variables, the same 3 variables remained significant. Cancelations increased with procedures scheduled later in the week (odds ratio [OR], 1.169 per day; 95% CI, 1.004–1.361) and liver or renal disease (OR, 2.342; 95% CI, 1.015–5.405). Major procedures had fewer cancelations (OR, 0.625; 95% CI, 0.414–0.943). The ACA implementation of still did not impact cancelations (OR, 1.230; 95% CI, 0.831–1.821).

Conclusions
The implementation of the ACA did not impact FPMRS cancelation rates. Significant predictors of surgical cancelation included later day of the week, comorbid renal or liver disease, and performance of a minor procedure.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Versus Watchful Waiting and Pelvic Floor Disorders in Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu You (Maria) , McInnes Natalia , Leong Yvonne 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is often recommended to treat postpartum urinary incontinence (UI). However, the role of postpartum PFMT in pelvic organ prolapse (POP), sexual function, and anal incontinence (AI) remains unclear. We therefore aim to assess the efficacy of postpartum PFMT on these pelvic floor disorders.MethodsThis study is a meta-analysis consisting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro. We also sought after grey literature including conference proceedings. We included RCTs comparing PFMT versus watchful waiting in women with stage II or less POP within 1 year postpartum. Two authors independently performed study screening, risk of bias assessments, and data extraction.ResultsFifteen RCTs (3845 patients) were included. Women undergoing PFMT less likely report bothersome POP symptoms (risk ratio [RR], 0.48 [0.30–0.76]; very low-quality evidence). There is no significant difference in the number of women with stage II or greater POP (RR, 0.74 [0.45–1.24]; moderate-quality evidence). Fewer women receiving PFMT report the presence of sexual dysfunction (RR, 0.48 [0.30–0.77]; low-quality evidence). There is no significant difference in AI symptoms (RR, 1.11 [0.82–1.51]), but PFMT may be more beneficial for women with anal sphincter injuries (standardized mean differencein AI scores, −0.57 [−1.12 to −0.02]; low-quality evidence). Women receiving PFMT less likely report UI (RR, 0.44 [0.25–0.75]; moderate-quality evidence) with a more pronounced effect on stress UI (SUI).ConclusionsAt present, it remains uncertain whether postpartum PFMT improves POP symptoms because of very low-quality evidence, and more high-quality RCTs are needed in this area. The POP staging will likely not change with postpartum PFMT. The PFMT may result in improved postpartum sexual function compared to watchful waiting, and may provide benefit for AI in women with anal sphincter injuries. Postpartum PFMT likely reduces the risk of UI, particularly stress urinary incontinence symptoms. There is currently little evidence about postpartum PFMT and long-term pelvic floor function.
Does Patient Education Augment Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy Preparedness and Attendance? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shannon Megan B. , Adams W. , Fitzgerald C.M. , Mueller E.R. , Brubaker L. , Brincat C. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate patient attendance and preparedness for pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) after comparing standard counseling versus standard counseling plus an educational video.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial of 200 patients in a Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery practice was performed in a tertiary care referral center. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 educational modalities after being prescribed PFPT. Women either received standard handout counseling or enhanced video counseling. A sample size of 96 per group (N = 192) was needed to detect a 20% difference in PFPT attendance corresponding to a priori estimates of 50% compliance for the standard counseling group (handout) versus 70% compliance for the enhanced counseling group (handout plus video). Compliance data were assessed at least 3 months after the initial referral to determine attendance at PFPT.

Results
Sixty-five percent of patients attended at least 1 PFPT visit, whereas 46.5% completed therapy. There was no difference between the standard and enhanced counseling groups in PFPT attendance (P = 0.056) or in completion of half the recommended visits (P = 0.17). Similarly, level of preparedness after viewing the assigned counseling modality did not differ between standard and enhanced counseling groups. For each additional completed visit, the odds of successfully completing PFPT increased by approximately 38% (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.59).

Conclusions
The addition of enhanced patient counseling did not improve patient preparedness or odds of attending PFPT. Adherence behaviors surrounding PFPT attendance are multifactorial and require further qualitative research to elucidate barriers to PFPT attendance.
Surgical Anatomy of Vaginal Hysterectomy—Impact of a Resident-Constructed Simulation Model
Authors: Anand Mallika , Duffy Conor P. , Vragovic Olivera , Abbasi Wafaa , Bell Shannon L. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
Obstetrics and gynecology residents are less prepared to perform vaginal hysterectomy (VH), despite its advantages over other hysterectomy routes. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology have prioritized simulation training in VH. Our objective was to improve residents’ understanding of surgical anatomy of VH using a resident-constructed, low-cost, low-fidelity model.

Methods
A single simulation session was held in November 2016. Residents constructed a pelvic model, guided by 2 surgeons. A pretest and a posttest were administered. Experienced-based responses were tabulated for frequencies and contents. Improvement on knowledge-based questions was assessed using McNemar’s test.

Results
Of 20 residents, 16 completed the pretest and 14 (70%) completed pretests and posttests. One hundred percent of postgraduate year (PGY)-4 had performed greater than 10 VH (11–21) and 75% of PGY-3 had performed 5 to 12 VH. Although 75% of PGY-3 and 100% of PGY-4 felt comfortable performing VH, baseline knowledge of essential surgical anatomy of VH was low (65.8%). The PGY-3 and -4 group (n=8) experienced a mean improvement of 24.4% (mean pretest score 65.8% vs mean posttest score 90%; 95% confidence interval, +14.1% to +33.3%, P=0.0005). The PGY-1 and -2 groups (n=6) experienced a mean improvement of 43.3% (mean pretest score, 41.7% vs mean posttest score, 85%; 95% confidence interval, +26.7% to +59.2%, P=0.001). After the session, all residents reported improved understanding surgical anatomy of VH and “more hands-on sessions” was the most frequently requested teaching aid.

Conclusions
Residents desire additional model-based simulation training in VH, and such structured, model-based simulations can identify and address gaps in resident knowledge of surgical anatomy of this important operation.
Acute Onset of Abdominal Muscle Dyskinesia ("Belly Dancer Syndrome") From Quetiapine Exposure: A Case Report
Authors: Yeh Jia-Yin , Tu Kun-Yu , Tseng Ping-Tao , Lee Yu , Lin Pao-Yen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Belly dancer syndrome, also called belly dance syndrome or belly dancer dyskinesia, is a kind of abdominal dyskinesia with painful sensation. Its etiology is still unclear and there are few studies reporting its association with antipsychotics. Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic that causes lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms than typical antipsychotics. Here, we presented the first case of belly dancer syndrome in a 71-year-old woman with major depressive disorder after short-term use of quetiapine.
Tripsacum de novotranscriptome assemblies reveal parallel gene evolution with maize after ancient polyploidy
Authors: Gault Christine M. , Kremling Karl A. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlant genomes reduce in size following a whole genome duplication event, and one gene in a duplicate gene pair can lose function in absence of selective pressure to maintain duplicate gene copies. Maize and its sister genus,Tripsacum, share a genome duplication event that occurred 5 to 26 million years ago. Because few genomic resources forTripsacumexist, it is unknown whetherTripsacumgrasses and maize have maintained a similar set of genes under purifying selection. Here we present high qualityde novotranscriptome assemblies for two species:Tripsacum dactyloidesandTripsacum floridanum. Genes with experimental protein evidence in maize were good candidates for genes under purifying selection in both genera because pseudogenes by definition do not produce protein. We tested whether 15,160 maize genes with protein evidence are resisting gene loss and whether theirTripsacumhomologs are also resisting gene loss. Protein-encoding maize transcripts and theirTripsacumhomologs have higher GC content, higher gene expression levels, and more conserved expression levels than putatively untranslated maize transcripts and theirTripsacumhomologs. These results indicate that gene loss is occurring in a similar fashion in both genera after a shared ancient polyploidy event. TheTripsacumtranscriptome assemblies provide a high quality genomic resource that can provide insight into the evolution of maize, an highly valuable crop worldwide.Core ideasMaize genes with protein evidence have higher expression and GC contentTripsacumhomologs of maize genes exhibit the same trends as in maizeMaize proteome genes have more highly correlated gene expression withTripsacumExpression dominance for homeologs occurs similarly between maize andTripsacumA similar set of genes may be decaying into pseudogenes in maize andTripsacum
A very fast time scale of human motor adaptation: within movement adjustments of internal representations during reaching
Authors: Crevecoeur F. , Thonnard J.-L. , Lefèvre P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHumans and other animals adapt motor commands to predictable disturbances within tens of trials in laboratory conditions. A central question is how does the nervous system adapt to disturbances in natural conditions when exactly the same movements cannot be practiced several times. Because motor commands and sensory feedback together carry continuous information about limb dynamics, we hypothesized that the nervous system could adapt to unexpected disturbances online. We tested this hypothesis in two reaching experiments during which velocity-dependent force fields were randomly applied. We found that within-movement feedback corrections gradually improved, despite the fact that the perturbations were unexpected. Moreover, when participants were instructed to stop at a via-point, the application of a force field prior to the via-point induced mirror-image after-effects after the via-point, consistent with within-trial adaptation to the unexpected dynamics. These findings suggest a fast time-scale of motor learning, which complements feedback control and supports adaptation of an ongoing movement.Significance StatementAn important function of the nervous system is to adapt motor commands in anticipation of predictable disturbances, which supports motor learning when we move in novel environments such as force fields. Here we show that movement control when exposed to unpredictable disturbances exhibit similar traits: motor corrections become tuned to the force field, and they evoke after effects within an ongoing sequence of movements. We propose and discuss the framework of adaptive control to explain these results: a real-time learning algorithm, which complements feedback control in the presence of model errors. This candidate model potentially links movement control and trial-by-trial adaptation of motor commands.
Pairwise library screen systematically interrogates Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 specificity in human cells
Authors: Tycko Josh , Barrera Luis A. , Huston Nicholas , Friedland Ari E. , Wu Xuebing , Gootenberg Jonathan S. , Abudayyeh Omar O. , Myer Vic E. , Wilson Christopher J. , Hsu Patrick D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report a high-throughput screening approach to measure Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9) genome editing variation in human cells across a large repertoire of 88,692 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) paired with matched or mismatched target sites in a synthetic cassette. We incorporated randomized barcodes that enable ‘whitelisting’ of correctly synthesized molecules for further downstream analysis, in order to circumvent the limitation of oligonucleotide synthesis errors. We find SaCas9 sgRNAs with a 21-nucleotide spacer are most active against off-targets with single and double mismatches, compared to shorter or longer sgRNAs. Using this dataset, we developed an SaCas9 specificity model that performs well in ranking off-target sites. The barcoded pairwise library screen enabled high-fidelity recovery of guide-target relationships, providing a scalable framework for the investigation of CRISPR enzyme properties and general nucleic acid interactions.
Information transfer in QT-RR dynamics: Application to QT-correction
Authors: Potapov Ilya , Latukka Joonas , Kim Jiyeong , Luukko Perttu , Aalto-Setälä Katriina , Räsänen Esa 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe relation between the electrical properties of the heart and the beating rate is essential for the heart functioning. This relation is central when calculating the “corrected QT interval” — an important measure of the risk of potentially lethal arrhythmias. We use the transfer entropy method from information theory to quantitatively study the mutual dynamics of the ventricular action potential duration (the QT interval) and the length of the beat-to-beat (RR) interval. We show that for healthy individuals there is a strong asymmetry in the information transfer: the information flowfrom RR to QTdominates over the opposite flow (from QT to RR), i.e. QT depends on RR to a larger extent than RR on QT. Moreover, thehistoryof the intervals has a strong effect on the information transfer: at sufficiently long QT history length the information flow asymmetry inverts and the RR influence on QT dynamics weakens. Finally, we demonstrate that the widely used QT correction methods cannot properly capture the changes in the information flows between QT and RR. We conclude that our results obtained through a model-free informational perspective can be utilised to improve and test the QT correction schemes in clinics.
The timing of hemodynamic changes reliably reflects spiking activity
Authors: Zaidi Ali Danish , Birbaumer Niels , Fetz Eberhard , Logothetis Nikos , Sitaram Ranganatha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging is a powerful non-invasive tool for studying brain function, using changes in blood-oxygenation as a proxy for underlying neuronal activity. The neuroimaging signal correlates with both spiking, and various bands of the local field potential (LFP), making the inability to discriminate between them a serious limitation for interpreting hemodynamic changes. Here, we record activity from the striate cortex in two anesthetized monkeys (Macaca mulatta), using simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and intra-cortical electrophysiology. We find that low-frequency LFPs correlate with hemodynamic signal’s peak amplitude, whereas spiking correlates with its peak-time and initial-dip. We also find spiking to be more spatially localized than low-frequency LFPs. Our results suggest that differences in spread of spiking and low-frequency LFPs across cortical surface influence different parameters of the hemodynamic response. Together, these results demonstrate that the hemodynamic response-amplitude is a poor correlate of spiking activity. Instead, we demonstrate that the timing of the initial-dip and the hemodynamic response are much more reliable correlates of spiking, reflecting bursts in spike-rate and total spike-counts respectively.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Use Podosomes to Transcellularly Home to the Bone Marrow
Authors: Rademakers Timo , Goedhart Marieke , Hoogenboezem Mark , García Ponce Alexander , van Rijssel Jos , Samus Maryna , Schnoor Michael , Butz Stefan , Huveneers Stephan , Vestweber Dietmar , Nolte Martijn A. , Voermans Carlijn , van Buul Jaap D. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBone marrow (BM) endothelium plays an important role in homing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) upon transplantation, but surprisingly little is known on how endothelial cells regulate local permeability and HSPC transmigration. We show that temporal loss of VE-cadherin function promotes vascular permeability in BM, even upon low dose irradiation and strongly enhanced homing of transplanted HSPCs to BM of irradiated mice. Intriguingly, stabilizing junctional VE-cadherinin vivoreduced BM permeability, but did not prevent HSPC migration into the BM, suggesting that HSPCs enter the bone marrow by transcellularly crossing the endothelium. Indeed, HSPCs induce podosomes to cross human BM endothelial monolayers in a transcellular manner. By contrast, HSPC rather use the paracellular route when VE-cadherin function is inhibited. Taken together, VE-cadherin is crucial for BM vascular homeostasis and HSPC homing, and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve HSPC homing strategies.
Endoglycosidase S enables a highly simplified clinical chemistry assay procedure for direct assessment of serum IgG undergalactosylation in chronic inflammatory disease
Authors: Vanderschaeghe Dieter , Meuris Leander , Raes Tom , Grootaert Hendrik , Van Hecke Annelies , Verhelst Xavier , Van de Velde Frederique , Lapauw Bruno , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Callewaert Nico 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOver the past 30 years, it has been firmly established that a wide spectrum of (autoimmune) diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s and lupus, but also other pathologies like alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) are driven by chronic inflammation and are hallmarked by a reduced level of serum IgG galactosylation. IgG (under)galactosylation is a promising biomarker to assess disease severity, and monitor and adjust therapy. However, this biomarker has not been implemented in routine clinical chemistry due to a complex analytical procedure that necessitates IgG purification, which is difficult to perform and validate at high throughput.We addressed this issue by using endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptococcus pyogenes (endoS) to specifically release Fc N-glycans in whole serum. The entire assay can be completed in a few hours and only entails adding endoS and labeling the glycans with APTS. Glycans are then readily analyzed through capillary electrophoresis. We demonstrate in two independent patient cohorts that IgG undergalactosylation levels obtained with this assay correlate very well with scores calculated from PNGaseF-released glycans of purified antibodies. Our new assay allows to directly and specifically measure the degree of IgG galactosylation in serum through a fast and completely liquid phase protocol, without the requirement for antibody purification. This should help advancing this biomarker towards clinical implementation.