bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture of intereruptive and syneruptive facies in an Andean Quaternary palaeovalley: the Huarenchenque Formation, western Argentina
Authors: Spalletti Luis , Colombo Ferrán 
Published: October 2019

The Huarenchenque Formation is a volcano sedimentary unit deposited to the east of the Plio-Quaternary Andean Magmatic Arc. In order to define depositional settings, two lithofacies associations (fluvial and pyroclastic) were defined. The fluvial facies association is composed of polymictic conglomerates with the predominance of basalt- dominated clasts, coarse- medium-grained conglomeratic sandstones and medium- to coarse-grained sandstones. These deposits occur as stacked or single bodies, display both sheet and channelized geometries, and contain a range of internal sedimentary structures, such as planar, low angle stratification and cross-bedding. This facies association is interpreted as the deposit of a multichannel fluvial system characterized by high bed load, steep gradient and non-cohesive bank materials. Facies and architecture of the fluvial deposits are the result of high bank full discharge related to rapid deglaciation of the Andean Last Glacial Maximum. The pyroclastic facies association is characterized by lapilli and ash tuffs deposited from air fall, pyroclastic density current, and density stratified surge mechanisms. In the Huarenchenque Formation the fluvial and the pyroclastic facies associations show a clear physical separation, suggesting that sedimentation occurred in two distinct (intereruptive and syneruptive) phases. During the long-lived intereruptive phases the sedimentary record corresponds mainly to the deposits of the gravelly braided fluvial system, whereas during syneruptive phases the fluvial valley was almost entirely occupied by primary pyroclastic deposits related to high-explosive episodes of the neighbor Andean strato-volcanoes.
Although most of the cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerate sandstones are rich in basaltic fragments, some strata are composed almost entirely of pumiceous fragments, while in others there is a marked alternation between “basalt” and “pumiceous” foresets. These attributes reflect the preservation of intrabasinal pyroclastic fragments and allow suggest that: i. explosive volcanic events could be more frequent than reflected by the pyroclastic deposits themselves; ii. syneruptive pyroclastic materials could be eroded (even eliminated) by the fluvial system; iii. contributions of primary pyroclastic material persisted during intereruptive (fluvial-dominated) phases.
Diurnal cycle of short-term fluctuations of integrated water vapour above Switzerland
Authors: Hocke Klemens , Bernet Leonie , Hagen Jonas , Murk Axel , Renker Matthias , Mätzler Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) continuously measures integrated water vapour (IWV) with a time resolution of 6 s at Bern in Switzerland.
During summer, we often see that IWV has temporal fluctuations during daytime, while the nighttime data are without fluctuations.
The data analysis is focused on the year 2010, where TROWARA has a good data quality without data gaps.
We derive the spectrum of the IWV fluctuations in the period range from about 1 to 100 min. The FFT spectrum with a window size of 3 months leads to a serious underestimation of the spectral amplitudes of the fluctuations. Thus, we apply a band pass filtering method to derive the amplitudes as a function of period Tp. The amplitudes are proportional to Tp0.5. Another method is the calculation of the moving standard deviation with time window lengths from about 1 to 100 min.
Here, we get similar results to those with the band pass filtering method. At all periods, the IWV fluctuations are strongest during summer, while they are smallest during winter. We derive the diurnal variation of the short-term IWV fluctuations by applying a moving standard deviation with a window length of 10 min. The daily cycle is strongest during the summer season, with standard deviations up to 0.22 mm at about 14:00 CET. The diurnal cycle disappears during wintertime.
A similar seasonal behaviour is observed in the diurnal cycle of latent heat flux as provided by the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2 reanalysis) at Bern. Further, the 3 d averages of the latent heat flux and the magnitude of the short-term IWV variability show a strong correlation at Bern in 2010 (r=0.82 with a 95 % confidence interval from 0.75 to 0.87). Thus, we suggest that the diurnal cycle of short-term IWV fluctuations at Bern is mainly caused by large convective heating during daytime in summer.
A ground shaking amplification map for New Zealand
Authors: Destegul Umut , Dellow Grant , Heron David 
Published: October 2019

A ground shaking amplification map of New Zealand has been compiled from data held by GNS Science. The resulting map is being used in RiskScape, a tool for comparing risks at a given site from a variety of hazards by estimating potential losses.
A GIS-based geological map with national coverage has been composed from several sources, and is used as the base data. Geological maps from the QMAP project (an ongoing project to digitally compile 1:250,000 geological maps for all of New Zealand) have been used where available, supplemented with detailed geological maps at scales ranging from 1:25,000 to 1:50,000 for the larger urban areas. Gaps in the QMAP series have been filled by the 1:1,000,000 ‘Geological Map of New Zealand’.
Every geological polygon in the composite geological map has been assigned one of the ground shaking amplification (or site) classes from the New Zealand Standard for Structural Design Actions – Earthquake actions (NZS 1170.5) to produce the result map. These conform to the site class definitions in NZS 1170.5, which describes five classes with respect to ground shaking amplification. Assignment of these classes was straightforward for rock sites but more involved for soils where, for example, at boundaries between weak rock and deep soil sites a buffer zone of shallow soil was applied.
Jämställdhetsintegrering vid svenska universitet och högskolor. Det politiska uppdraget återspeglat i lärosätenas planer
Authors: Jordansson Birgitta , Peterson Helen 
Published: October 2019

Gender Mainstreaming in Swedish Higher Education: the political directive reflected in institutional plans.
The Swedish government’s latest reform of gender inequality in higher education set out to strengthen gender mainstreaming. Following this reform, the Swedish higher education institutions established gender mainstreaming plans for 2017-2019. In this article, we analyse and discuss the content of these plans, focusing on how they describe the organisation of gender mainstreaming, the understanding of gender inequality as a problem, and the planned activities to achieve gender mainstreaming. Drawing on interpretative frame theory, we identify challenges with the aims and scopes of these plans and the definitions they employ, e.g. in attempts to merge gender mainstreaming with the already on-going equal opportunity work based on the Swedish Discrimination Act. We conclude that many institutions have adopted an approach to gender mainstreaming that has the potential for transformation through long-term and sustainable cultural and structural change. To what extent the plans will be fully implemented, however, remains to be investigated, and depends on the organisation of work, commitment of leaders, and legitimacy of practitioners.
Chiral Supramolecular Nanoarchitectures from Macroscopic Mechanical Rotations: Effects on Enantioselective Aggregation Behavior of Phthalocyanines
Authors: Kuroha Mizuki , Nambu Shohei , Hattori Shingo , Kitagawa Yuichi , Niimura Kazuhiro , Mizuno Yuki , Hamba Fujihiro , Ishii Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFluid dynamics, resulting from the macroscopic mechanical rotation of either a rotary evaporator or a magnetic stirrer, has been shown to selectively induce one of two enantiomers (mirror‐image structures) in certain nanoscale supramolecules. As an alternative to giving a chiral twist to synthesized supramolecules or polymers, it is a challenge to reproducibly prepare chiral species by only using macroscopic mechanical rotations. Demonstrated here is a highly reproducible method for rotary‐evaporation‐induced enantioselective H‐aggregation of achiral phthalocyanines. Chiral induction mechanisms are proposed by using the chiroptical‐sign‐based absolute structures. These results will provide insight to the origin of the homochirality of life, and serves as a pioneering study in a novel scientific field in terms of admixing nanoscale molecular chemistry and macroscopic fluid dynamics.
A General Framework for Shared Control in Robot Teleoperation with Force and Visual Feedback
Authors: Nicolis Davide 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, the topic of human robot interaction has received increasing interest from research and industry, as robots must now interface with human users to accomplish complex tasks. In this scenario, robotics engineers are required to take the human component into account in the robot design and control. This is especially true in telerobotics, where interaction with the user plays an important role in the controlled system stability. By means of a thorough analysis and practical experiments, this contribution aims at giving a concrete idea of the aspects that need to be considered in the design of a complete control framework for teleoperated systems, that are able to seamlessly integrate with a human operator through shared control.
Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes by occupation: results from all Swedish employees
Authors: Carlsson Sofia , Andersson Tomas , Talbäck Mats , Feychting Maria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
The workplace is a potentially important arena for prevention of type 2 diabetes and the first step is to identify occupations where the disease is common and/or risk is high. Therefore, our aim was to analyse incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes across all occupational groups in Sweden.

Methods
This nationwide study included all Swedish citizens born between 1937 and 1979 and gainfully employed between 2001 and 2013 (N = 4,550,892), and followed for a diagnosis of diabetes from 2006 to 2015 (n = 201,717) through national registers. Prevalence in 2013 (mean age 51 years; range 35–67) and age-standardised incidence (per 1000 person-years) were analysed across the 30 most common occupations among men and women. Information on BMI, physical fitness and smoking was obtained through the National Conscription (mean age 18) and Medical Birth Registers (mean age 29).

Results
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 5.2% in men and 3.2% in women; in men it was highest among motor vehicle drivers (8.8%) and in women it was highest among manufacturing workers (6.4%). Incidence varied dramatically across occupational groups. In men, it was highest among manufacturing workers (9.41) and professional drivers (9.32) and lowest among university teachers (3.44). In women, incidence was highest in manufacturing workers (7.20) and cleaners (6.18) and lowest in physiotherapists (2.20). We found major differences in the prevalence of being overweight and smoking and in the level of physical fitness across these occupational groups even at young ages.

Conclusions/interpretation
Professional drivers, manufacturing workers and cleaners have a threefold increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with university teachers and physiotherapists. These differences most likely reflect dramatic differences in the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors. If workplace interventions could reduce weight and increase physical activity among employees in these occupations, major health gains may be made.
The influence of pole lengths on O2-cost, kinematics, and performance in double poling at high speeds before and after a training period with long poles
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Tosterud Ola Kristoffer , Trøen Erik , Carlsen Camilla Høivik , Paulsen Gøran , Rud Bjarne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Previous studies have found an acute performance improvement with longer pole lengths in double poling (DP) at low-to-moderate speeds. We investigated the influence of pole lengths (PL) on O2-cost, 3D kinematics, and performance in DP at moderate-to-high speeds before (Pre) and after (Post) eight training sessions with long poles on a rollerski treadmill.

Methods
Seven male and four female skiers completed tests with two different PLs (84 and 90% of body height). Submaximal O2-cost (1º; 4.5 [females] or 6 m s−1 [males]) and a peak velocity test (1º; ∼  7.3 m s−1) were assessed before and after a six week training period. The training sessions consisted of 50 min of low-moderate intensity training and 4 × 10 s maximal sprints with PL90%.

Results
On average for all tests, PL84% induced 1.0 ± 1.0% higher peak velocity compared to PL90% (mean ± CI) with no difference in vertical displacement of center of mass (COMz). From Pre to Post, peak velocity and cycle time were increased and the displacement of COMz were reduced similarly for both PLs. At moderate speed, PL90% induced less displacement of COMz with subsequent 1.1 ± 0.7% lower O2-cost compared to PL84%. From Pre to Post, the O2-cost and COMz were reduced similarly for both PLs.

Conclusions
Longer PL than skiers self-selected lengths reduce O2-cost at moderate speeds, but induced lower peak velocity. Eight sessions of training with PL90% did not influence the difference between PL84% and PL90% on O2-cost, kinematics or peak velocity.
Anti-wear properties evaluation of frictional sliding interfaces in automobile engines lubricated by copper/graphene nanolubricants
Authors: Ali Mohamed Kamal Ahmed , Hou Xianjun , Abdelkareem Mohamed A. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Owing to the significance of improving fuel economy, reducing emissions, and extending the durability of engine components, this study focused on the tribological performance of nano-additives. In this study, copper (Cu) and graphene (Gr) nanomaterials were dispersed in a fully formulated engine oil (5W-30) with different concentrations. The tribological trials were investigated under various speeds and loads, utilizing a reciprocating tribometer to mimic the ring/liner interfaces in the engine. The frictional surface morphologies were comprehensively analyzed using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and three dimensional (3D) surface profilometry to explore the mechanisms responsible for improving the tribological performance of the frictional sliding parts in the engine. The tribological test results illustrated that lubrication by nano-additives reduced the wear rate (WR) and friction coefficient (COF) by 25%–30% and 26.5%–32.6%, respectively, as compared with 5W-30. The results showed that this is a promising approach for increasing the durability and lifespan of frictional sliding components and fuel economy in automobile engines.
Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Shchenkov S.V. , Denisova S.A. , Kremnev G.A. , Dobrovolskij A.A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.
Adolescent food insecurity: the special case of Marshallese youth in north-west Arkansas, USA
Authors: Willis Don E , Fitzpatrick Kevin M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Food insecurity is not randomly dispersed throughout the population; rather, there are a number of risk and protective factors shaping both the prevalence and severity of food insecurity across households and sociodemographic populations. The present study examines some of these factors and the role that race and ethnicity among adolescent individuals in north-west Arkansas might play, paying specific attention to a subgroup of Pacific Islanders: the Marshallese.Design:The study uses cross-sectional survey data collected from a self-administered questionnaire of 10th–12th grade students.Setting:A city in north-west Arkansas, USA.Participants:The number of enrolled students in the selected high school at the time of the survey was 2148. Ten classrooms (116 students) were unable to participate at the time of the survey, making 2032 students eligible to be surveyed. Approximately 22% refused to participate and 105 students were absent from school, yielding a response rate of approximately 78% (n 1493).Results:Marshallese students had a higher prevalence of food insecurity than all other racial and ethnic groups in the study. After controlling for other sociodemographic, risk and protective factors, their odds of food insecurity remained significantly higher than both non-Hispanic White and Hispanic or Latinx students.Conclusions:Adolescent food insecurity among Marshallese students must be made sense of in relation to structural-level determinants that shape the distribution of vital resources such as food across racial, ethnic and foreign-born lines.
Therapeutic effect of dichloroacetate against atherosclerosis via hepatic FGF21 induction mediated by acute AMPK activation
Authors: Min Byong-Keol , Oh Chang Joo , Park Sungmi , Lee Ji-Min , Go Younghoon , Park Bo-Yoon , Kang Hyeon-Ji , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jeong-Eun , Yoo Eun Kyung , Kim Hui Eon , Kim Mi-Jin , Jeon Yong Hyun , Kim Yong-Hoon , Lee Chul-Ho , Jeon Jae-Han , Lee In-Kyu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dyslipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, which has a risk of high morbidity and mortality, can be alleviated by metabolic activation associated with mitochondrial function. The effect of dichloroacetate (DCA), a general pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, on in vivo energy expenditure in ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet (WD) has not yet been investigated. WD-fed ApoE−/− mice developed atherosclerotic plaques and hyperlipidemia along with obesity, which were significantly ameliorated by DCA administration. Increased oxygen consumption was associated with heat production in the DCA-treated group, with no change in food intake or physical activity compared with those of the control. These processes were correlated with the increased gene expression of Dio2 and Ucp-1, which represents brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, in both WD-induced atherosclerosis and high-fat-induced obesity models. In addition, we found that DCA stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) mRNA expression, which might be important for lowering lipid levels and insulin sensitization via BAT activation, in a dose- and time-dependent manner associated with serum FGF21 levels. Interestingly, Fgf21 mRNA expression was mediated in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner within several minutes after DCA treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Taken together, the results suggest that enhanced glucose oxidation by DCA protects against atherosclerosis by inducing hepatic FGF21 expression and BAT activation, resulting in augmented energy expenditure for heat generation.
ZNF281 is recruited on DNA breaks to facilitate DNA repair by non-homologous end joining
Authors: Nicolai Sara , Mahen Robert , Raschellà Giuseppe , Marini Alberto , Pieraccioli Marco , Malewicz Michal , Venkitaraman Ashok R. , Melino Gerry 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is of critical importance for cell survival. Although non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the most used DSBs repair pathway in the cells, how NHEJ factors are sequentially recruited to damaged chromatin remains unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for the zinc-finger protein ZNF281 in participating in the ordered recruitment of the NHEJ repair factor XRCC4 at damage sites. ZNF281 is recruited to DNA lesions within seconds after DNA damage through a mechanism dependent on its DNA binding domain and, at least in part, on poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) activity. ZNF281 binds XRCC4 through its zinc-finger domain and facilitates its recruitment to damaged sites. Consequently, depletion of ZNF281 impairs the efficiency of the NHEJ repair pathway and decreases cell viability upon DNA damage. Survival analyses from datasets of commonly occurring human cancers show that higher levels of ZNF281 correlate with poor prognosis of patients treated with DNA-damaging therapies. Thus, our results define a late ZNF281-dependent regulatory step of NHEJ complex assembly at DNA lesions and suggest additional possibilities for cancer patients’ stratification and for the development of personalised therapeutic strategies.
LanCL1 promotes motor neuron survival and extends the lifespan of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice
Authors: Tan Honglin , Chen Mina , Pang Dejiang , Xia Xiaoqiang , Du Chongyangzi , Yang Wanchun , Cui Yiyuan , Huang Chao , Jiang Wanxiang , Bi Dandan , Li Chunyu , Shang Huifang , Worley Paul F. , Xiao Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Improving neuronal survival in ALS remains a significant challenge. Previously, we identified Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1) as a neuronal antioxidant defense gene, the genetic deletion of which causes apoptotic neurodegeneration in the brain. Here, we report in vivo data using the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS indicating that CNS-specific expression of LanCL1 transgene extends lifespan, delays disease onset, decelerates symptomatic progression, and improves motor performance of SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, CNS-specific deletion of LanCL1 leads to neurodegenerative phenotypes, including motor neuron loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage. Analysis reveals that LanCL1 is a positive regulator of AKT activity, and LanCL1 overexpression restores the impaired AKT activity in ALS model mice. These findings indicate that LanCL1 regulates neuronal survival through an alternative mechanism, and suggest a new therapeutic target in ALS.