bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for reducing speckle noise in digital holography
Authors: Bianco Vittorio , Memmolo Pasquale , Leo Marco , Montresor Silvio , Distante Cosimo , Paturzo Melania , Picart Pascal , Javidi Bahram , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDigital holography (DH) has emerged as one of the most effective coherent imaging technologies. The technological developments of digital sensors and optical elements have made DH the primary approach in several research fields, from quantitative phase imaging to optical metrology and 3D display technologies, to name a few. Like many other digital imaging techniques, DH must cope with the issue of speckle artifacts, due to the coherent nature of the required light sources. Despite the complexity of the recently proposed de-speckling methods, many have not yet attained the required level of effectiveness. That is, a universal denoising strategy for completely suppressing holographic noise has not yet been established. Thus the removal of speckle noise from holographic images represents a bottleneck for the entire optics and photonics scientific community. This review article provides a broad discussion about the noise issue in DH, with the aim of covering the best-performing noise reduction approaches that have been proposed so far. Quantitative comparisons among these approaches will be presented.
Review of withdrawal catatonia: what does this reveal about clozapine?
Authors: Lander Matthew , Bastiampillai Tarun , Sareen Jitender 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWithdrawal symptoms are common upon discontinuation of psychiatric medications. Catatonia, a neuropsychiatric condition proposed to be associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypoactivity due to its robust response to benzodiazepines, has been described as a withdrawal syndrome in case reports but is not a well-recognized phenomenon. The authors undertook a review of withdrawal catatonia with an aim to understand its presentation as well as the medications and psychoactive substances it is associated with. The review identified 55 cases of withdrawal catatonia, the majority of which occurred upon discontinuation of benzodiazepines (24 cases) and discontinuation of clozapine (20 cases). No other antipsychotic medications were identified as having been associated with the onset of a catatonic episode within 2 weeks following their discontinuation. Increasing GABA activity and resultant GABA receptor adaptations with prolonged use is postulated as a shared pharmacological mechanism between clozapine and benzodiazepines that underlie their association with withdrawal catatonia. The existing evidence for clozapine’s activity on the GABA system is reviewed. The clinical presentations of benzodiazepine withdrawal catatonia and clozapine withdrawal catatonia appear to differ and reasons for this are explored. One reason is that benzodiazepines act directly on GABAA receptors as allosteric agonists, while clozapine has more complex and indirect interactions, primarily through effects on receptors located on GABA interneurons. Another possible reason for the difference in clinical presentation is that clozapine withdrawal catatonia may also involve receptor adaptations in non-GABA receptors such as dopamine and acetylcholine. The findings from our review have implications for the treatment of withdrawal catatonia, and treatment recommendations are provided. Further research understanding the uniqueness of clozapine withdrawal catatonia among antipsychotic medication may give some insight as to clozapine’s differential mechanism of action.
SLC10A7 mutations cause a skeletal dysplasia with amelogenesis imperfecta mediated by GAG biosynthesis defects
Authors: Dubail Johanne , Huber Céline , Chantepie Sandrine , Sonntag Stephan , Tüysüz Beyhan , Mihci Ercan , Gordon Christopher T. , Steichen-Gersdorf Elisabeth , Amiel Jeanne , Nur Banu , Stolte-Dijkstra Irene , van Eerde Albertien M. , van Gassen Koen L. , Breugem Corstiaan C. , Stegmann Alexander , Lekszas Caroline , Maroofian Reza , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Bruneel Arnaud , Seta Nathalie , Munnich Arnold , Papy-Garcia Dulce , De La Dure-Molla Muriel , Cormier-Daire Valérie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSkeletal dysplasia with multiple dislocations are severe disorders characterized by dislocations of large joints and short stature. The majority of them have been linked to pathogenic variants in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases or epimerases required for glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Using exome sequencing, we identify homozygous mutations in SLC10A7 in six individuals with skeletal dysplasia with multiple dislocations and amelogenesis imperfecta. SLC10A7 encodes a 10-transmembrane-domain transporter located at the plasma membrane. Functional studies in vitro demonstrate that SLC10A7 mutations reduce SLC10A7 protein expression. We generate a Slc10a7−/− mouse model, which displays shortened long bones, growth plate disorganization and tooth enamel anomalies, recapitulating the human phenotype. Furthermore, we identify decreased heparan sulfate levels in Slc10a7−/− mouse cartilage and patient fibroblasts. Finally, we find an abnormal N-glycoprotein electrophoretic profile in patient blood samples. Together, our findings support the involvement of SLC10A7 in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and specifically in skeletal development.
Genome-wide identification of directed gene networks using large-scale population genomics data
Authors: Luijk René , Dekkers Koen F. , van Iterson Maarten , Arindrarto Wibowo , Claringbould Annique , Hop Paul , Boomsma Dorret I. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Veldink Jan H. , Wijmenga Cisca , Franke Lude , ’t Hoen Peter A. C. , Jansen Rick , van Meurs Joyce , Mei Hailiang , Slagboom P. Eline , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , van Zwet Erik W. ,   BIOS (Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study) Consortium, Beekman Marian , van der Breggen Ruud , Deelen Joris , Lakenberg Nico , Moed Matthijs , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Arindrarto Wibowo , van ’t Hof Peter , Bonder Marc Jan , Deelen Patrick , Tigchelaar Ettje F. , Zhernakova Alexandra , Zhernakova Dasha V. , van Dongen Jenny , Hottenga Jouke J. , Pool René , Isaacs Aaron , Hofman Bert A. , Jhamai Mila , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , van den Berg Leonard H. , van Galen Michiel , Vermaat Martijn , van Rooij Jeroen , Uitterlinden André G. , Verbiest Michael , Verkerk Marijn , Kielbasa P. Szymon M. , Bot Jan , Nooren Irene , van Dijk Freerk , Swertz Morris A. , van Heemst Diana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIdentification of causal drivers behind regulatory gene networks is crucial in understanding gene function. Here, we develop a method for the large-scale inference of gene–gene interactions in observational population genomics data that are both directed (using local genetic instruments as causal anchors, akin to Mendelian Randomization) and specific (by controlling for linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy). Analysis of genotype and whole-blood RNA-sequencing data from 3072 individuals identified 49 genes as drivers of downstream transcriptional changes (Wald P < 7 × 10−10), among which transcription factors were overrepresented (Fisher’s P = 3.3 × 10−7). Our analysis suggests new gene functions and targets, including for SENP7 (zinc-finger genes involved in retroviral repression) and BCL2A1 (target genes possibly involved in auditory dysfunction). Our work highlights the utility of population genomics data in deriving directed gene expression networks. A resource of trans-effects for all 6600 genes with a genetic instrument can be explored individually using a web-based browser.
Elastic pseudospin transport for integratable topological phononic circuits
Authors: Yu Si-Yuan , He Cheng , Wang Zhen , Liu Fu-Kang , Sun Xiao-Chen , Li Zheng , Lu Hai-Zhou , Lu Ming-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ping , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrecise control of solid-state elastic waves’ mode content and coherence is of great use nowadays in reinforcing mechanical energy harvesting/storage, nondestructive material testing, wave-matter interaction, high sensitivity sensing, and information processing, etc. Its efficacy is highly dependent on having elastic transmission channels with lower loss and higher degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally an elastic analog of the quantum spin Hall effects in a monolithically scalable configuration, which opens up a route in manipulating elastic waves represented by elastic pseudospins with spin-momentum locking. Their unique features including robustness and negligible propagation loss may enhance elastic planar-integrated circuit-level and system-level performance. Our approach promotes topological materials that can interact with solid-state phonons in both static and time-dependent regimes. It thus can be immediately applied to multifarious chip-scale topological phononic devices, such as path-arbitrary elastic wave-guiding, elastic splitters and elastic resonators with high-quality factors.
The identification of carbon dioxide mediated protein post-translational modifications
Authors: Linthwaite Victoria L. , Janus Joanna M. , Brown Adrian P. , Wong-Pascua David , O’Donoghue AnnMarie C. , Porter Andrew , Treumann Achim , Hodgson David R. W. , Cann Martin J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide is vital to the chemistry of life processes including metabolism, cellular homoeostasis, and pathogenesis. CO2 is generally unreactive but can combine with neutral amines to form carbamates on proteins under physiological conditions. The most widely known examples of this are CO2 regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and haemoglobin. However, the systematic identification of CO2-binding sites on proteins formed through carbamylation has not been possible due to the ready reversibility of carbamate formation. Here we demonstrate a methodology to identify protein carbamates using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to covalently trap CO2, allowing for downstream proteomic analysis. This report describes the systematic identification of carbamates in a physiologically relevant environment. We demonstrate the identification of carbamylated proteins and the general principle that CO2 can impact protein biochemistry through carbamate formation. The ability to identify protein carbamates will significantly advance our understanding of cellular CO2 interactions.
Azole-induced cell wall carbohydrate patches kill Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Geißel Bernadette , Loiko Veronika , Klugherz Isabel , Zhu Zhaojun , Wagener Nikola , Kurzai Oliver , van den Hondel Cees A. M. J. J. , Wagener Johannes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAzole antifungals inhibit the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, resulting in either growth inhibition or killing of the pathogen, depending on the species. Here we report that azoles have an initial growth-inhibitory (fungistatic) activity against the pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus that can be separated from the succeeding fungicidal effects. At a later stage, the cell wall salvage system is induced. This correlates with successive cell integrity loss and death of hyphal compartments. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy reveals excessive synthesis of cell wall carbohydrates at defined spots along the hyphae, leading to formation of membrane invaginations and eventually rupture of the plasma membrane. Inhibition of β-1,3-glucan synthesis reduces the formation of cell wall carbohydrate patches and delays cell integrity failure and fungal death. We propose that azole antifungals exert their fungicidal activity by triggering synthesis of cell wall carbohydrate patches that penetrate the plasma membrane, thereby killing the fungus. The elucidated mechanism may be potentially exploited as a novel approach for azole susceptibility testing.
Anion stabilised hypercloso-hexaalane Al6H6
Authors: Bonyhady Simon J. , Collis David , Holzmann Nicole , Edwards Alison J. , Piltz Ross O. , Frenking Gernot , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBoron hydride clusters are an extremely diverse compound class, which are of enormous importance to many areas of chemistry. Despite this, stable aluminium hydride analogues of these species have remained staunchly elusive to synthetic chemists. Here, we report that reductions of an amidinato-aluminium(III) hydride complex with magnesium(I) dimers lead to unprecedented examples of stable aluminium(I) hydride complexes, [(ArNacnac)Mg]2[Al6H6(Fiso)2] (ArNacnac = [HC(MeCNAr)2]−, Ar = C6H2Me3-2,4,6 Mes; C6H3Et2-2,6 Dep or C6H3Me2-2,6 Xyl; Fiso = [HC(NDip)2]−, Dip = C6H3Pri2-2,6), which crystallographic and computational studies show to possess near neutral, octahedral hypercloso-hexaalane, Al6H6, cluster cores. The electronically delocalised skeletal bonding in these species is compared to that in the classical borane, [B6H6]2−. Thus, the chemistry of classical polyhedral boranes is extended to stable aluminium hydride clusters for the first time.
Low irradiance multiphoton imaging with alloyed lanthanide nanocrystals
Authors: Tian Bining , Fernandez-Bravo Angel , Najafiaghdam Hossein , Torquato Nicole A. , Altoe M. Virginia P. , Teitelboim Ayelet , Tajon Cheryl A. , Tian Yue , Borys Nicholas J. , Barnard Edward S. , Anwar Mekhail , Chan Emory M. , Schuck P. James , Cohen Bruce E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiphoton imaging techniques that convert low-energy excitation to higher energy emission are widely used to improve signal over background, reduce scatter, and limit photodamage. Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are among the most efficient multiphoton probes, but even UCNPs with optimized lanthanide dopant levels require laser intensities that may be problematic. Here, we develop protein-sized, alloyed UCNPs (aUCNPs) that can be imaged individually at laser intensities >300-fold lower than needed for comparably sized doped UCNPs. Using single UCNP characterization and kinetic modeling, we find that addition of inert shells changes optimal lanthanide content from Yb3+, Er3+-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals to fully alloyed compositions. At high levels, emitter Er3+ ions can adopt a second role to enhance aUCNP absorption cross-section by desaturating sensitizer Yb3+ or by absorbing photons directly. Core/shell aUCNPs 12 nm in total diameter can be imaged through deep tissue in live mice using a laser intensity of 0.1 W cm−2.
Functional activity of the H3.3 histone chaperone complex HIRA requires trimerization of the HIRA subunit
Authors: Ray-Gallet Dominique , Ricketts M. Daniel , Sato Yukari , Gupta Kushol , Boyarchuk Ekaterina , Senda Toshiya , Marmorstein Ronen , Almouzni Geneviève 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe HIRA histone chaperone complex deposits the histone variant H3.3 onto chromatin in a DNA synthesis-independent manner. It comprises three identified subunits, HIRA, UBN1 and CABIN1, however the functional oligomerization state of the complex has not been investigated. Here we use biochemical and crystallographic analysis to show that the HIRA subunit forms a stable homotrimer that binds two subunits of CABIN1 in vitro. A HIRA mutant that is defective in homotrimer formation interacts less efficiently with CABIN1, is not enriched at DNA damage sites upon UV irradiation and cannot rescue new H3.3 deposition in HIRA knockout cells. The structural homology with the homotrimeric replisome component Ctf4/AND-1 enables the drawing of parallels and discussion of the functional importance of the homotrimerization state of the HIRA subunit.
Tuneable hopping and nonlinear cross-Kerr interactions in a high-coherence superconducting circuit
Authors: Kounalakis M. , Dickel C. , Bruno A. , Langford N. K. , Steele G. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnalog quantum simulations offer rich opportunities for exploring complex quantum systems and phenomena through the use of specially engineered, well-controlled quantum systems. A critical element, increasing the scope and flexibility of such experimental platforms, is the ability to access and tune in situ different interaction regimes. Here, we present a superconducting circuit building block of two highly coherent transmons featuring in situ tuneable photon hopping and nonlinear cross-Kerr couplings. The interactions are mediated via a nonlinear coupler, consisting of a large capacitor in parallel with a tuneable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We demonstrate the working principle by experimentally characterising the system in the single-excitation and two-excitation manifolds, and derive a full theoretical model that accurately describes our measurements. Both qubits have high coherence properties, with typical relaxation times in the range of 15 to 40 μs at all bias points of the coupler. Our device could be used as a scalable building block in analog quantum simulators of extended Bose-Hubbard and Heisenberg XXZ models, and may also have applications in quantum computing such as realising fast two-qubit gates and perfect state transfer protocols.
ICAM1 expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and associated with TLS formation in aggressive breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Figenschau Stine L. , Knutsen Erik , Urbarova Ilona , Fenton Christopher , Elston Bryan , Perander Maria , Mortensen Elin S. , Fenton Kristin A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntratumoral formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment is considered to be a consequence of antigen challenge during anti-tumor responses. Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) has been implicated in a variety of immune and inflammatory responses, in addition to associate with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we detected TLS in the aggressive tumor phenotypes TNBC, HER2+ and luminal B, whereas the TLS negative group contained solely tumors of the luminal A subtype. We show that ICAM1 is exclusively expressed in TNBC and HER2 enriched subtypes known to be associated with inflammation and the formation of TLS. Furthermore, cell from normal mammary epithelium and breast cancer cell lines expressed ICAM1 upon stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β and IFNγ. ICAM1 overexpression was induced in MCF7, MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3 cells regardless of hormone receptor status. Taken together, our findings show that ICAM1 is expressed in aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and its expression is inducible by well-known proinflammatory cytokines. ICAM1 may be an attractive molecular target for TNBC, but further investigations elucidating the role of ICAM1 in targeted therapies have to take into consideration selective subtypes of breast cancer.
Design and Simulation of Active Frequency-selective Metasurface for Full-colour Plasmonic Display
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Tu Yan , Yang Lanlan , Zhang Yin , Wang Lili , Wang Baoping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we report a full-colour plasmonic pixel by incorporating a low-index buffer layer and an EO material layer with a gap surface plasmon-based metasuface. The reflection spectra can be modulated by an external voltage bias with a reflectivity higher than 60% when filtering red, green and blue primary light. Vivid colour can be generated by mixing the three primaries in time sequence. Brightness can be tuned by the duty cycle of bright and dark state. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the switchable pixels we designed can achieve a gamut overlapping 80% area of NTSC colour space and a contrast ratio of 10.63, 26.11 and 2.97 for red, green and blue when using a white quatom-dot-enhancement-film backlit.
Putative dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area enhance information coding in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Mininni Camilo J. , Caiafa César F. , Zanutto B. Silvano , Tseng Kuei Y. , Lew Sergio E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt has been proposed that neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) robustly encode task-relevant information through an interplay with the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Yet, the precise computation underlying such functional interaction remains elusive. Here, we conducted simultaneous recordings of single-unit activity in PFC and VTA of rats performing a GO/NoGO task. We found that mutual information between stimuli and neural activity increases in the PFC as soon as stimuli are presented. Notably, it is the activity of putative dopamine neurons in the VTA that contributes critically to enhance information coding in the PFC. The higher the activity of these VTA neurons, the better the conditioned stimuli are encoded in the PFC.
Clinical Implications of Serial Glucose Measurements in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Kim Joon-Tae , Lee Se-Young , Yoo Deok-Sang , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Sang-Hoon , Choi Kang-Ho , Park Man-Seok , Cho Ki-Hyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSerial glucose might more accurately reflect glycemic status in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) than presenting glucose. We sought to investigate the clinical implications of various parameters of serial glucose on the outcomes of patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of stroke patients treated with IVT. Blood glucose (BG) was serially measured at 6-time points during the first 24 h of IVT. The primary endpoint analyzed was a good outcome at 3 m. Among the 492 patients in the cohort (age, 70 ± 12 y; men, 57%), the overall BG level was 131 ± 33 mg/dl. At 3 m, 40.4% of the patients had a good outcome. Patients with good outcomes had significantly lower mean BG (121 vs 128 mg/dl) and higher coefficient of variance (CoV, 17% vs 14%) but no differences in the others. For patients with higher mBG (every 30 mg/dl), the likelihood of achieving a good outcome decreased (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.02). For patients with higher CoV (every 10%), the likelihood of a good outcome increased (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.71). The results showed that higher mBG and lower CoV were consistently associated with worse outcomes in IV-thrombolyzed stroke patients, suggesting that lowering BG might be potential therapeutic target.
Importance of secondary screening with clinical isolates for anti-leishmania drug discovery
Authors: Hefnawy Aya , Cantizani Juan , Peña Imanol , Manzano Pilar , Rijal Suman , Dujardin Jean-Claude , De Muylder Geraldine , Martin Julio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe growing drug resistance (DR) raises major concerns for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected disease lethal in 95 percent of the cases if left untreated. Resistance has rendered antimonials (SSG) obsolete in the Indian Sub-Continent (ISC) and the first miltefosine-resistantLeishmania donovaniwere isolated. New chemotherapeutic options are needed and novel compounds are being identified by high-throughput screening (HTS). HTS is generally performed with old laboratory strains such asLdBOBand we aimed here to validate the activity of selected compounds against recent clinical isolates. In this academic/industrial collaboration, 130 compounds from the GSK “Leishbox” were screened against one SSG-sensitive and one SSG-resistant strain ofL. donovanirecently isolated from ISC patients, using an intracellular assay ofL. donovani-infected THP1-derived macrophages. We showed that only 45% of the compounds were active in both clinical isolates andLdBOB. There were also different compound efficiencies linked to the SSG susceptibility background of the strains. In addition, our results suggested that the differential susceptibility profiles were chemical series-dependent. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential value of including clinical isolates (as well as resistant strains) in the HTS progression cascade.