bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating biodiversity descriptions and transforming taxonomic publishing: the first decade of Zootaxa
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: February 2019

Zootaxa was launched ten years to help taxonomists overcome the taxonomic impediment by enabling them to describe biodiversity in a rapid and efficient way. The first paper on a new species of flat mite (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) was published in Zootaxa 1 on 28 May 2001 (Moraes & Freire 2001). Unlike many regularly-scheduled journals, each paper in Zootaxa was separately issued and published without delay after acceptance by the editor, and there are no page charges or a small fee to support open access. In addition, Zootaxa offers the flexibility to publish manuscripts of any length, so long as they pass peer review. Many colleagues were excited and encouraged by the prospects of such a brand new journal and some of them joined as associate editors to facilitate rapid processing of manuscripts. The journal has met the needs of authors and sustained an early phase of very rapid growth (Figs 1–3), with issue/paper 1,000 published on 27 May 2005 (Rodiles-Hernández et al. 2005). In the first four years, over 1,100 authors from all over the world published 23,000 pages in Zootaxa (Zhang 2005). Thereafter, short papers of fewer than 60 pages were no longer issued separately because several papers were often published on the same day; instead, short papers were grouped to form standard issues of 60, 64, or 68 pages to save paper, printing and mailing costs, with relatively little effect on the speed of publication.
To honour and to inspire: profiles of outstanding taxonomists
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: February 2019

In this issue of Zootaxa, we open a new section to feature our outstanding taxonomists who have made great contributions to the field. These profiles are for living taxonomists who are still active, with preference for those who are authors and/or editors of Zootaxa. Most profiles will be by invitation, although we also welcome proposals and suggestions from the general readership. We are primarily interested in honouring distinguished members of our science who are the doyens of their areas of expertise (especially those in their 70s or more). As Zootaxa is mainly a journal of descriptive taxonomy, we are particularly interested in profiling taxonomists who had discovered and authored a very significant number of new taxa (e.g. 500 or more, but this number can be lowered for authors who work on some groups such as vertebrates). In addition to stories of their life (preferably with photos), we appreciate a list of taxa that they authored, complete with a list of bibliography. We are also keen to honour great mentors who are inspirational to students and colleagues. It is our hope that the passion, dedication and contributions of our outstanding taxonomists will inspire a new generation into exploring, classifying and describing the fascinating biodiversity that surrounds us.
Laurence Alfred Mound and his contributions to our knowledge of the Thysanoptera
Authors: FUNDERBURK JOE , HODDLE MARK 
Published: February 2019

Laurence Alfred Mound became interested in taxonomy after two postgraduate periods at the British Museum of Natural History (now the Natural History Museum) in London where he discovered biological diversity and the endless variety of living things. While working in Nigeria and the Sudan, and studying variation in whitefly populations, he gained an appreciation for the great differences within species in behavior and morphology under varying environmental conditions. He was appointed to the British Museum of Natural History in 1964 where he worked on the taxonomy of thrips, whiteflies, and aphids until he retired as Keeper of Entomology in 1992. He now lives in Canberra, Australia, serving as an Honorary Research Fellow, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences at the Black Mountain Campus. Driving questions motivate him and provide insight into his thinking of the natural world: Why are there so many species of insects, yet so few species of thrips? Why so many at one place but so few at another? Do environmental and host plant factors drive the astonishing levels of morphological variation seen in single species? If so why? Why do so few thrips vector plant viruses, but why are those few so successful? Why are so many thrips associated with Acacia trees in Australia but so few on other plants? To address these questions and as part of his ongoing efforts to document the biodiversity of thrips, Laurence Mound has established 90 new Thysanoptera genera, and described 641 new species of thrips. These taxonomic designations are new hypotheses inviting scrutiny and study. At the time this document was written Laurence’s research articles had been cited almost 1,300 times. Here we review Laurence Mound’s career to this point, and we discuss the quality and quantity of his remarkable accomplishments in taxonomy, as well as highlighting his distinctive personal characteristics.
Novel Bougie for the Management of Esophageal Coins in Children: An Observational Study
Authors: Xiong Yuanping , Yu Jieqing , Luo Qing , Jiang Hongqun , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of a novel bougie for the removal of esophageal coins lodged in the proximal esophagus. Subjects and Methods: This was an observational study. Medical records were reviewed of patients who were confirmed with esophageal coins between July 2015 and October 2016 in our department. Sixty-three patients, upper esophageal coins were confirmed by radiographs, were treated by using this novel bougie to remove esophageal coins. Results: A total of 63 children were enrolled in this study. Sixty coins (95%) were removed successfully. The coin was extracted on the first attempt in 56 cases (89%), the second attempt in 3 cases (5%), and the third attempt in 1 case (2%). Two coins retained in the esophagus underwent endoscopy. In the remaining patient, the coin passed into the stomach and was confirmed to be passed in the stool within 48 hours. No serious complications occurred in any subject. Conclusions: Our novel bougie procedure is likely a safe, highly efficient approach to managing esophageal coins given that no serious complications of the 63 patients were reported. This simple technique may provide another valuable option to physicians.
Pigmented Melanotic Schwannoma of the Neck: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Topf Michael C. , Pham Quang H. , D’Souza Jill N. , Chaskes Mark , Tuluc Madalina , Cognetti David M. , Luginbuhl Adam J. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Melanotic schwannoma is a rare tumor with indeterminate biologic behavior and varying treatment recommendations. Methods: We report 2 cases of pigmented melanotic schwannoma of the head and neck and perform literature review. The pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of melanotic schwannoma are reviewed. Results: Two cases of melanotic schwannoma are presented. Both cases underwent surgical resection with one patient receiving adjuvant radiation therapy. Conclusions: Melanotic schwannoma is a rare nerve sheath tumor that is frequently mistaken for malignant melanoma. We describe 2 cases of pigmented melanotic schwannoma of the head and neck with different presentations and review the histopathological and immunohistochemical features.
Palliative care physicians’ perspectives on transferring patients to nursing homes and communication strategies to facilitate this transition: A qualitative study
Authors: Stiel Hilary , Nagarajan Srivalli V , Forster Benjamin C , Clayton Josephine M 
Published: February 2019

Background: As modern medicine extends the life expectancy of patients with life-limiting illnesses and health system resource pressures intensify, palliative care physicians increasingly need to transfer stable patients from specialist palliative care units to nursing homes. The experience of palliative care physicians in decision-making and communicating with patients and families about the need for this transition is underexplored in the literature. Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of and communication techniques used by palliative care physicians as they consider and discuss nursing home placements for their patients. Design: A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was used. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 18 Australian palliative care physicians known for their interest or strength in communication skills across a range of palliative care settings. Results: Themes emerged from domains of physician experience (abandonment, systemic pressures, prognostic uncertainty, exacerbation of loss, and restoring resilience) and communication strategies (forecasting, checking in, provide context, and acknowledging grief). Conclusion: This study highlights the tension Australian palliative care physicians experience when transferring palliative care patients to nursing home and the complexity involved in decision-making. Physicians identified several communication strategies to engage patients and families to ease the transition.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Bipolar Chondral Lesions in the Patellofemoral Compartment: Clinical Outcomes at a Mean 9 Years’ Follow-up
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Bryant Tim , Merkely Gergo , Minas Tom 
Published: February 2019

Background: Treating bipolar chondral lesions in the patellofemoral (PF) compartment is a challenging problem. There are few reports available on the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the PF compartment. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and graft survivorship after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the PF compartment. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors evaluated 58 patients who had ACI by a single surgeon for the treatment of symptomatic bipolar chondral lesions in the PF compartment between November 1995 and June 2014. All 58 patients (60 knees; mean age, 36.6 years) were included with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The mean ± SD sizes of the patellar and trochlear lesions were 5.6 ± 2.7 cm2 and 4.2 ± 2.8 cm2, respectively. Forty-two patients had osteotomy, as they had PF lateral maltracking, patellar instability, or tibiofemoral malalignment. Patients were evaluated with the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, visual analog scale, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and a patient satisfaction survey. Radiographs were evaluated with the Iwano classification. Results: Overall, the survival rates were 83% and 79% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Of the 49 (82%) knees with retained grafts, all functional scores significantly improved postoperatively with a very high satisfaction rate (88%) at a mean 8.8 ± 4.2 years after ACI (range, 2-16 years). At the most recent follow-up, 28 of 49 successful knees were radiographically assessed (mean, 4.9 years; range, 2-17 years), with no increase of the Iwano classification in 26 knees. Outcomes for 11 patients were considered failures at a mean 2.9 years. Forty-two knees (70%) required a mean 1.0 subsequent surgical procedure. The primary reasons for chondroplasty were hypertrophy of the ACI graft (17; periosteum in 14, collagen membrane in 3), delamination of the ACI graft (5; periosteum in 4, collagen membrane in 1), and new chondral lesions (3). The best survival rates were observed among patients who underwent ACI with concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) as the first procedure without previous failed TTO and/or marrow stimulation technique (91% at 5 and 10 years), while the worst survival rates were observed among patients who had previous marrow stimulation (43% at 5 and 10 years). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that ACI with concomitant osteotomy, when it is necessary for the treatment of bipolar/kissing lesions in the PF compartments, gives significant improvement in pain and function, with good survival rates at 5 and 10 years (83% and 79%, respectively). The high patient satisfaction rate is encouraging, and a high survival rate can be expected when ACI with a concomitant TTO is performed at the initial surgery for this difficult condition.
Maternal and Child Nutrition Status in Rural Communities of Kalalé District, Benin: The Relationship and Risk Factors
Authors: Alaofè Halimatou , Asaolu Ibitola 
Published: February 2019

Background: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health concern in urban Benin. However, an understanding of the phenomena in rural areas of the country is lacking. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of DBM and to investigate the sociodemographic and dietary characteristics that differentiate DBM from undernourished children only, overweight/obese mothers only, and normal households in Kalalé district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 mother–child pairs: nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years and children aged 6 to 59 months. Weight-for-age and height-for-age were used to classify underweight and stunted children, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 to measure overweight/obese mothers, and a 24-hour recall to assess the diet diversity score (DDS). Results: Overall, 37.6% of children were stunted, 10.1% wasted, and 22.8% underweight, while the rate of overweight/obese mothers was 15.5%. The DBM was present in 6.1% of the households. Overweight/obese mothers’ households had better socioeconomic status (SES), greater maternal education, less food insecurity, and a more diversified diet, in contrast with undernourished children households. The DBM households shared several features with undernourished children households, except for a greater (not significant) SES, but had the lowest DDS. Logistical regression revealed that high SES, older age child, DDS, mother education, and ethnicity were associated with DBM. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing the DBM at the community level in rural Benin. However, multicenter studies in various rural parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate strategies to reduce the DBM can be planned.
Combined Conventional and Amplitude-Integrated EEG Monitoring in Neonates: A Prospective Study
Authors: Buttle Sarah Grace , Lemyre Brigitte , Sell Erick , Redpath Stephanie , Bulusu Srinivas , Webster Richard J , Pohl Daniela 
Published: February 2019

Background/Objective: Seizure monitoring via amplitude-integrated EEG is standard of care in many neonatal intensive care units; however, conventional EEG is the gold standard for seizure detection. We compared the diagnostic yield of amplitude-integrated EEG interpreted at the bedside, amplitude-integrated EEG interpreted by an expert, and conventional EEG. Methods: Neonates requiring seizure monitoring received amplitude-integrated EEG and conventional EEG in parallel. Clinical events and amplitude-integrated EEG were interpreted at bedside. Subsequently, amplitude-integrated EEG and conventional EEG were independently analyzed by experienced neonatology and neurology readers. Sensitivity and specificity of bedside amplitude-integrated EEG as compared to expert amplitude-integrated EEG interpretation and conventional EEG were evaluated. Results: Thirteen neonates were monitored for an average duration of 33 hours (range 15-94, SD 25). Fourteen seizure-like events were detected by clinical observation, and 12 others by bedside amplitude-integrated EEG analysis. One of the clinical, and none of the bedside amplitude-integrated EEG events were confirmed as seizures on conventional EEG. Post hoc expert amplitude-integrated EEG interpretation revealed eight suspected seizures, all different from the ones detected by the bedside amplitude-integrated EEG team, of which one was confirmed via conventional EEG. Eight seizures were recorded on conventional EEG. Expert amplitude-integrated EEG interpretation had a sensitivity of 13% with 46% specificity for individual seizure detection, and a sensitivity of 50% with 46% specificity for detecting patients with seizures. Conclusion: Real-world bedside amplitude-integrated EEG monitoring failed to detect all seizures evidenced via conventional EEG, while misclassifying other events as seizures. Even post hoc expert amplitude-integrated EEG interpretation provided limited sensitivity and specificity. Considering the poor sensitivity and specificity of bedside amplitude-integrated EEG interpretation, combined monitoring may provide limited clinical benefit.
Antibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in membranous lupus nephritis
Authors: Garcia-Vives E , Solé C , Moliné T , Alvarez-Rios A M , Vidal M , Agraz I , Ordi-Ros J , Cortés-Hernández J 
Published: February 2019

Background Antibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (a-PLA2R) have been identified in most patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, but the prevalence in membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of a-PLA2R antibodies in a large cohort of patients with lupus nephritis. Methods a-PLA2R antibodies were measured by ELISA in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( n = 190), of whom 37 had a biopsy-proven MLN. Positive samples were confirmed by commercial ELISA kit, Western blot and immunohistochemistry in renal tissue. Results A total of 10 from 190 patients (5.3%) with systemic lupus erythematosus had circulating a-PLA2R measured by in-house ELISA assay. The antibodies were detected in 7 patients with MLN (18.9%) and 3 patients with non-renal lupus disease (3.2%). PLA2R staining was detected in the kidney biopsy of 5 of the 7 (71.4%) patients with MLN. a-PLA2R levels were associated with active disease but not proteinuria levels. Presence of a-PLA2R antibodies at baseline was associated with worse remission rates and longer time to remission compared to those patients serologically negative. Conclusions a-PLA2R antibodies can be detected with low prevalence in MLN patients, but their detection is associated with a worse renal prognosis.
Focal Chorangiosis: Does It Have Clinical and Pathologic Significance?
Authors: Sung Diana K , Baergen Rebecca N 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Chorangiosis is a proliferation of capillaries in terminal chorionic villi and is considered to be a marker for hypoxia and poor clinical outcome. Not all cases with hypervascular villi meet the generally accepted diagnostic criteria as reported by Altshuler. Our aim was to evaluate cases with villous hypervascularity that do not meet the diagnosis of chorangiosis, in which increased vascularity was present in a significant portion of the villous tissue but was not a diffuse process, which we call focal chorangiosis, to ascertain whether there were clinical or pathologic associations. Materials and Methods A total of 175 placentas with the finding of focal chorangiosis and 176 maternal age- and gestational age-matched controls were evaluated retrospectively. We defined focal chorangiosis as villous hypervascularity that did not meet criteria for a diagnosis of chorangiosis, but in which there was involvement of at least 50% of villi on at least 2 of 3 slides of placental tissue or involvement of all the villi on 1 slide. In these focal areas, the criteria of 10 capillaries in each of 10 villi in ten 10× microscopic fields were required. Results We found that focal chorangiosis is associated with a decrease in Apgar scores, increased placental weight, fetal vascular thrombosis (fetal vascular malperfusion), umbilical cord abnormalities, increased fetal nucleated red blood cells, villous dysmaturity, and increased rate of vaginal delivery. Discussion Many of these associations are shared with chorangiosis as traditionally defined, suggesting that focal chorangiosis is a significant finding that should be reported.
Role of genomic instability in human carcinogenesis
Authors: Moon Jung Joo , Lu Alexander , Moon Chulso 
Published: February 2019

Genomic instability has been an area of active area of research in the last two decades. Based on the initial study for hereditary cancers, DNA repair gene family mutations have been identified. In sporadic (non-hereditary) cancers, several large-scale DNA sequencing studies suggest that mutations in DNA repair genes are less frequent, suggesting the complexity of tumorigenesis of sporadic cancers. So far, several important genes have been identified, by using mostly cell line models and mice studies. These include DNA damage response modifier like ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), conventional tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A; which encodes p16INK4A and p14ARF). Various hypotheses for sporadic tumorigenesis have been developed, and so far, “oncogene-induced DNA replication stress model” has been gaining widespread interests. In this review, we will first describe some of the important concepts of genomic instability. Then, we will outline oncogene-induced genomic instability and discuss the role of the MYC gene during this process, which will be followed by detailed reviews of mutation data. We hope that this review can outline the overall perspectives of genomic instability.Impact statementThis review provides various genetic and cell line data previously published in a way to explain how cellular stress can lead into genetic instability.
Perivascular spaces and their associations with risk factors, clinical disorders and neuroimaging features: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Francis Farah , Ballerini Lucia , Wardlaw Joanna M 
Published: February 2019

Background Perivascular spaces, visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging, are thought to be associated with small vessel disease, neuroinflammation, and to be important for cerebral hemodynamics and interstitial fluid drainage. Aims To benchmark current knowledge on perivascular spaces associations with risk factors, neurological disorders, and neuroimaging lesions, using systematic review and meta-analysis. Summary of review We searched three databases for perivascular spaces publications, calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and performed meta-analyses to assess adjusted associations with perivascular spaces. We identified 116 relevant studies ( n = 36,108) but only 23 ( n = 12,725) were meta-analyzable. Perivascular spaces assessment, imaging and clinical definitions varied. Perivascular spaces were associated ( n; OR, 95%CI, p) with ageing (8395; 1.47, 1.28–1.69, p = 0.00001), hypertension (7872; 1.67, 1.20–2.31, p = 0.002), lacunes (4894; 3.56, 1.39–9.14, p = 0.008), microbleeds (5015; 2.26, 1.04–4.90, p = 0.04) but not WMH (4974; 1.54, 0.71–3.32, p = 0.27), stroke or cognitive impairment. There was between-study heterogeneity. Lack of appropriate data on other brain disorders and demographic features such as ethnicity precluded analysis. Conclusions Despite many studies, more are required to determine potential pathophysiological perivascular spaces involvement in cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders.