bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Coal Mining Counties of the United States
Authors: Schmajuk Gabriela , Trupin Laura , Yelin Edward , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveExposure to inhaled mineral dust, in particular silica, is associated with increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. We studied the association of RA with work‐related coal and silica exposure in the Appalachian region of the US.MethodsWe carried out a random‐digit dialed telephone survey in selected counties in Appalachia that had elevated coal workers’ pneumoconiosis mortality. Our study cohort included men ages ≥50 with any employment history, and we assessed exposure to coal mining employment, other work‐related dust, and ergonomic factors. We ascertained self‐reported physician diagnosis of any arthritis and of RA with glucocorticoid treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and associated population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates.ResultsAmong the 973 men who met study entry criteria (mean ± SD ages 66 ± 10 years; 54% ever smokers), 266 (27%) reported coal mining work and 189 (19%) reported other work‐related silica exposure. There were 517 men (53%), who reported any arthritis and 112 (12%) whose disease met the study definition of RA. Adjusting for covariates, coal mining was associated with elevated odds of RA (OR 3.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.1–6.2]), which accounted for a PAF of 33% (95% CI 26–40%) of the men studied. For any arthritis, the coal mining–associated OR was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6–3.2), with an associated PAF of 20% (95% CI 14–25%).ConclusionIn this population of older males living in a coal mining region, we estimated that 20% of arthritis and 33% of RA may be attributable to coal mining work.
Comparing Proxy, Adolescent, and Adult Assessments of Functional Ability in Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Shoop‐Worrall Stephanie J. W. , Hyrich Kimme L. , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Sergeant Jamie C. , Baildam Eileen , Chieng Alice , Davidson Joyce , Foster Helen , Ioannou Yiannis , McErlane Flora , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Thomson Wendy , McDonagh Janet E. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveIn pediatric research, investigators rely on proxy reports of outcome, such as the proxy‐completed Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), to assess function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). As children mature, they may self‐complete the adult HAQ or the unvalidated adolescent‐specific C‐HAQ. It is unclear how these measures compare and whether they are directly interchangeable. The present study was undertaken to compare agreement between the proxy‐completed C‐HAQ, adolescent‐specific C‐HAQ, and the HAQ at initial presentation to pediatric rheumatologic care and 1 year following the first presentation in adolescents with JIA.MethodsAdolescents ages 11–17 years participating in the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS), a UK multicenter inception cohort, were included. In a CAPS substudy, adolescents self‐completed the adolescent‐specific C‐HAQ and the HAQ, and proxies simultaneously completed the proxy‐completed C‐HAQ at baseline and 1 year. Correlation and agreement between scores were assessed at baseline. Agreement and ability to similarly classify clinically important changes over time were assessed at 1 year following initial presentation to rheumatologic care.ResultsA total of 107 adolescents (adolescent‐specific C‐HAQ and HAQ) or their proxies (proxy‐completed C‐HAQ) had completed all 3 measures at baseline. Median age at diagnosis was 13 years, and 61% were female. Although the 3 scores demonstrated strong correlations (r > 0.8), they were not completely interchangeable, with agreement ranging between 70% and 80%. There was similar agreement between the changes in scores between baseline and 1 year. Using proxy‐completed C‐HAQ minimum clinically important cutoffs, the adolescent‐specific C‐HAQ and the HAQ similarly classified 80% to 90% of adolescents as having improved or worsened.ConclusionWhile there is relatively high agreement and similar classification of change between HAQ and the 2 C‐HAQ scores, these are not completely interchangeable. This impacts the comparison of function when measured in different ways over the lifespan.
Anatomy solves the puzzle of explosive pollen release in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids
Authors: Pedersoli Giseli D. , Leme Flávia M. , Leite Viviane G. , Teixeira Simone P. 
Published: March 2019

Premise of the StudyThis study details the unusual synorganization of the staminate flower in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids to add the missing pieces that complete the puzzle of the explosive mechanism of pollen release in this group.MethodsFlower buds and flowers were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy.Key ResultsThe pistillode, stamens, and sepals form a floral apparatus that explosively releases pollen to be carried by the wind. The anthers dehisce when the stamens are still inflexed on the floral bud and are enveloped by the sepals and supported by an inflated pistillode. The distension of the filaments presses the pistillode, which decreases the pressure exerted on the anthers by releasing the air accumulated internally through its apical orifice. The extended filaments and the dehiscent free anthers move rapidly outward from the center of the flower. This movement of the filaments is then blocked by the robust basally united sepals, which causes a rapid inversion of the anther position, thus hurling the pollen grains far from the flower. The pollen grains are released grouped by the mucilage produced in high quantity in the cells found in all floral organs.ConclusionsThe anatomical structure of the pistillode and the finding of mucilaginous cells are the main features that help in the understanding the explosive mechanism of pollen release in urticalean rosids. The pistillode can be considered an exaptation because it was evolved later to provide a new role in the plant, optimizing male fitness.
PAd2‐DalPhos Enables the Nickel‐Catalyzed C−N Cross‐Coupling of Primary Heteroarylamines and (Hetero)aryl Chlorides
Authors: Clark Jillian S. K. , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Stradiotto Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBase‐metal catalysts capable of enabling the assembly of heteroatom‐dense molecules by cross‐coupling of primary heteroarylamines and (hetero)aryl chlorides, while sought‐after given the ubiquity of unsymmetrical di(hetero)arylamino fragments in pharmacophores, are unknown. Herein, we disclose the new “double cage” bisphosphine PAd2‐DalPhos (L2). The derived air‐stable NiII pre‐catalyst C2 functions well at low loadings in challenging test C−N cross‐couplings with established substrates, and facilitates the first Ni‐catalyzed C−N cross‐couplings of primary five‐ or six‐membered ring heteroarylamines and activated (hetero)aryl chlorides, with synthetically useful scope that is competitive with Pd catalysis.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Polycyclizations of Dienynes
Authors: Lanzi Matteo , Santacroce Veronica , Balestri Davide , Marchiò Luciano , Bigi Franca , Maggi Raimondo , Malacria Max , Maestri Giovanni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA variety of linear dienynes can deliver complex tetracyclic frameworks in the presence of an IrIII complex and visible light. Product formation involves the generation of four new C−C bonds and six contiguous stereocenters, which decorate two [3.1.0] bicyclic units tethered through their bridging quaternary carbon atoms. The internal alkyne acts as a formal dicarbenoid for the generation of two cyclopropanes in these radical cation cascades. This behavior has not been previously observed for organic reactive intermediates and can be extended to intermolecular reactions and diendiynes.
Regioselective Functionalization of 7‐Azaindole by Controlled Annular Isomerism: The Directed Metalation‐Group Dance
Authors: Dalziel Michael E. , Patel Jignesh J. , Kaye Meagan K. , Cosman Jennifer L. , Kitching Matthew O. , Snieckus Victor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe regioselective functionalization of 7‐azaindole by controlled annular isomerism employing a directed metalation‐group migration is reported. The N7 carbamoyl azaindoles undergo regioselective metalation and quenching with an electrophile to furnish C6‐substituted derivatives which, in the presence of a catalytic amount of ClCONR2 promotes a carbamoyl group shift or dance from N7 to N1. A second directed metalation/electrophile quench sequence leads to 2,6‐substituted azaindoles. Optimization of the metalation conditions for C2 and C6, separately and iteratively, is presented. Using the directed metalation group dance strategy, a late‐stage deuteration of an antipsychotic drug is described. Overall, the controlled migration of the carbamoyl directing group allows multiple functionalization events of the bioactive azaindole scaffold.
Coherent Vibrational and Dissociation Dynamics of Polyatomic Radical Cations
Authors: Moore Tibbetts Katharine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ultrafast dynamics of polyatomic radical cations contribute to important processes including energy transfer in photovoltaics, electron transfer in photocatalysis, radiation‐induced DNA damage, and chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere and space. Probing these dynamics in the gas phase is challenging due to the rapid dissociation of polyatomic radical cations following electron removal, which arises from excess electronic excitation of the molecule during the ionization process. This Concept article introduces the reader to how the pump‐probe technique of femtosecond time‐resolved mass spectrometry (FTRMS) can overcome this challenge to capture coherent vibrational dynamics on the femtosecond timescale in polyatomic radical cations and enable the analysis of their dissociation pathways. Examples of FTRMS applied to three families of polyatomic radical cations are discussed.
Cover Picture: A Stepwise Annulation for the Transformation of Cyclic Ketones to Fused 6 and 7‐Membered Cyclic Enimines and Enones (Chin. J. Chem. 4/2019)
Authors: Wu Dong‐Ping , He Qian , Chen Dong‐Huang , Ye Jian‐Liang , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: March 2019

The cover picture shows a typical building within the Campus of Xiamen University displaying Chen Jiageng (Tan Kah Kee)'s style. Just like many beautiful buildings designed and constructed by human, Nature “designs and constructs” a huge number of useful molecules with fascinating structures called natural products. Many natural products possess a fused six or seven‐membered carbocyclic unity. On page 315–322, the Huang's group disclosed a three‐step “[2+n]” annulation method for the construction of fused six and seven‐membered carbocyclic enimines and enones. The method starts from simple cyclic ketones and terminal olefinic amides, and relies on both the Suzuki coupling reaction and the olefin‐amide based Friedel‐Crafts type acylating reaction, a method developed by Huang and coworkers.
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Inside Cover: Construction of Highly Emissive Pt(II) Metallacycles upon Irradiation (Chin. J. Chem. 4/2019)
Authors: Qin Yi , Zhang Ying , Yin Guangqiang , Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Changwei , Chen Lijun , Tan Hongwei , Li Xiaopeng , Xu Lin , Yang Haibo 
Published: March 2019

The inside cover picture shows in situ construction of highly emissive Pt(II) metallacycles upon irradiation. The self‐assembled diarylethene‐containing metallacycles can realize supramolecular transform from the open‐ring isomers to their closed‐ring ones under UV irradiation. Moreover, the closed‐ring isomers featured a relatively high fluorescence quantum yield. This property of “turn‐on” fluorescence switching provides a new method to construct highly emissive supramolecular fluorescent materials by light stimulus. More details are discussed in the article by Yang et al. on page 323–329.
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Isolation of Alveolar Type II Cells from Adult Bovine Lung
Authors: Lee Diane Frances , Chambers Mark Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlveolar type II (ATII) cells play a key role as part of the distal lung epithelium, including in the innate immune response and as self‐renewing progenitors to replace alveolar type I (ATI) cells during epithelial regeneration. Their secretion of surfactant protein helps maintain homeostasis and exerts protective, antimicrobial properties. ATII cells remain difficult to study, partly due to inefficient and expensive isolation methods, a propensity to differentiate into ATI cells, and susceptibility to fibroblast contamination. Published methods of isolation often require specialized technology, negatively impacting the development of in vitro models of disease, including bovine tuberculosis. Presented here is a simple and cost‐effective method for generation of bovine primary ATII cells. These cells exhibit an ATII phenotype in 2D and 3D culture and are conducive to further study of the role of ATII cells in bovine respiratory diseases. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The impacts of socioeconomic status and lifestyle on health status of residents: Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey data
Authors: Sun Jian , Lyu Shoujun , Dai Zheng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIntroductionThere remain distinct regional and urban‐rural health status disparities amidst the background of China's rapid economic growth, posing important challenges to policymakers. The objectives of this study are to examine the relationships between socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and health status and to compare the effect disparities in eastern, central, and western regions, urban and rural areas of China.MethodsThis paper employed data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted in 2015. In addition, ordered probit model was adopted to explore the impacts of socioeconomic status and lifestyle on health status of residents.ResultsThe results indicate that socioeconomic status factors, including income and social class, show statistically significant and positive correlation to health status. Furthermore, lifestyle factors, for example physical exercise and friend interaction, are statistically significant and positively related to health status. Moreover, the effect of lifestyle on health status in eastern, central, and western regions varies greatly. Finally, marital status, education, physical exercise, and friend interaction exhibit statistically disparate effects on health status in both urban and rural areas.ConclusionsThe study shows that socioeconomic status and lifestyle have significant effects on resident's health status, and the effects show significant regional and urban‐rural disparities.
Prediction of the increase in health services demand based on the analysis of reasons of calls received by a customer relationship management
Authors: Ramos Mª. Isabel , Cubillas Juan José , Jurado Juan Manuel , Lopez Wilfredo , Feito Francisco R. , Quero Manuel , Gonzalez Jose Maria 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCurrently, customer relationship management (CRM) tools are very important in our society because they provide a comunication channel to the healthcare system for patients. Salud Responde is a CRM that provides many health services for the entire population of Andalusia, in southern Spain. The number and frequenzy of phone calls received change along the year. They depend on many factors, such as weekdays, seasons, vaccination campaigns, environmental factors, pandemic periods, etc. All these are the main reasons number of health calls changes along the year. This variability makes that the current management of resources for offering emergency services based on historical data is inefficient. The factors, which influence the phone calls along the year, are different from one period to another. Therefore, it is clear to demand an improved in the current management system. In this context, the main goal for this research is to develop an expert system able to identify and analyze, using different data mining algorithms, the most relevant factors to predict the variability of health service demand. Thus, here, it is proposed a methodology in which using reasons calls received in the CRM as input data, it is possible to predict in advance the healthcare resources demand.
A New Understanding of the Role of IL-1 in Age-Related Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in a Murine Model
Authors: Gorth Deborah J , Shapiro Irving M , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Increased cytokine expression, in particular interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is considered a hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the causative relationship between IL-1 and age-dependent degeneration has not been established. To investigate the role of IL-1 in driving age-related disc degeneration, we studied the spine phenotype of global IL-1α/β double knockout (IL-1KO) mice at 12 and 20 months. Multiplex ELISA analysis of blood revealed significant reductions in the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-15, TNF-α, IP-10, and a trend of reduced concentrations of IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene (KC/GRO), and IL-6. However, the circulating level of MIP-2, a neutrophil chemoattractant, was increased in the IL-1KO. The alterations in systemic cytokine levels coincided with altered bone morphology—IL-1KO mice exhibited significantly thicker caudal cortical bone at 12 and 20 months. Despite these systemic inflammatory and bony changes, IL-1 deletion only minimally affected disc health. Both wild-type (WT) and IL-1KO mice showed age-dependent disc degeneration. Unexpectedly, rather than protecting the animals from degeneration, the aging phenotype was more pronounced in IL-1KO animals: knockout mice evidenced significantly more degenerative changes in the annulus fibrosis (AF) together with alterations in collagen type and maturity. At 20 months, there were no changes in nucleus pulposus (NP) extracellular matrix composition or cellular marker expression; however, the IL-1KO NP cells occupied a smaller proportion of the NP compartment that those of WT controls. Taken together, these results show that IL-1 deletion altered the systemic inflammatory environment and vertebral bone morphology. However, instead of protecting discs from age-related disc degeneration, global IL-1 deletion amplified the degenerative phenotype. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Exercise interventions and their effect on masculinity, body image, and personal identity in prostate cancer—A systematic qualitative review
Authors: Langelier David Michael , D'Silva Adrijana , Shank Jena , Grant Christopher , Bridel William , Culos‐Reed S. Nicole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveMen with prostate cancer face various body composition and psychosocial challenges following diagnosis. Movement‐based interventions such as exercise may represent novel strategies to improve these important biopsychosocial changes. This systematic qualitative review aimed to examine the various exercise interventions and their effect on male perception of masculinity, body image, and personal identity.MethodsA systematic search across nine electronic databases was conducted in July 2017 and repeated in August 2018. Eligible studies included qualitative works examining masculinity, body image, or personal identity within an exercise intervention. Thematic content analysis allowed for qualitative synthesis across numerous studies.ResultsSix studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion. Four interventions used multimodal aerobic and resistance training, one incorporated aerobic exercise through football practice, and one utilized a home‐based aerobic plus yoga program. Exercise was implicated to improve masculinity through creation of a safe community, allowed for refocusing on valued male traits, provided a source of distraction, and offered a means of establishing control over one's illness. Exercise also facilitated a process of self‐reflection secondary to changes in physique and helped to re‐establish male self‐efficacy.ConclusionsRegardless of prostate cancer stage, treatment status, or prior androgen deprivation therapy exposure, both aerobic or aerobic and resistance training exerted positive effects on perceived feelings of masculinity, body image, and personal identity.
Cluster adjacency beyond MHV
Authors: Drummond James , Foster Jack , Gürdoğan Ömer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe explore further the notion of cluster adjacency, focussing on non-MHV amplitudes. We extend the notion of adjacency to the BCFW decomposition of tree-level amplitudes. Adjacency controls the appearance of poles, both physical and spurious, in individual BCFW terms. We then discuss how this notion of adjacency is connected to the adjacency already observed at the level of symbols of scattering amplitudes which controls the appearance of branch cut singularities. Poles and symbols become intertwined by cluster adjacency and we discuss the relation of this property to the$$ \overline{Q} $$Q¯-equation which imposes constraints on the derivatives of the transcendental functions appearing in loop amplitudes.
Intramedullary screw fixation for simple displaced olecranon fractures
Authors: Bosman Willem-Maarten P. F. , Emmink Benjamin L. , Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Houwert R. Marijn , Keizer Jort 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Olecranon fractures are common and typically require surgical fixation due to displacement generated by the pull of the triceps muscle. The most common techniques for repairing olecranon fractures are tension-band wiring or plate fixation, but these methods are associated with high rates of implant-related soft-tissue irritation. Another treatment option is fixation with an intramedullary screw, but less is known about surgical results using this strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to report the clinical and functional outcomes of olecranon fractures treated with an intramedullary cannulated screw.

Methods
We identified 15 patients (average age at index procedure 44 years, range 16–83) with a Mayo type I or IIA olecranon fracture who were treated with an intramedullary cannulated screw at a single level 2 trauma center between 2012 and 2017. The medical record was reviewed to assess radiographic union, postoperative range of motion and complications (including hardware removal). Patient-reported outcome was evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Average follow-up was 22 months (range 8–36 months).

Results
By the 6th month post-operative visit, 14 patients had complete union of their fracture and 1 patient had an asymptomatic non-union that did not require further intervention. Average flexion was 145° (range 135–160) and the average extension lag was 11° (range 0–30). Implants were removed in 5 patients due to soft-tissue irritation. Average DASH score (± standard deviation) by final follow-up was 16 ± 10.

Conclusions
Fixation of simple olecranon fractures with an intramedullary screw is a safe and easy fixation method in young patients, leading to good functional and radiological results. Compared to available data, less hardware removal is necessary than with tension-band wiring or plate fixation.