bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historicising geographies of solidarity
Authors: Kelliher Diarmaid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article evaluates two of the most productive recent areas of research in the historical geographies of solidarity: first, work relating to class and the labour movement; and second, debates clustered around race and colonialism. The two are, of course, not entirely distinct, and there has been much useful thinking at their intersections. I suggest that questions of mobility have been crucial in thinking about the formation of diverse solidarities across geographical and social boundaries. The article looks at how relationships can both be developed across differences of gender, race, and sexuality and how solidarities can be used to entrench forms of oppression and inequities of power. Thinking about this issue through the concept of intersectionality, I argue, would be a useful way of engaging with such questions. I suggest three areas which could be developed further. First, there is potential for a greater engagement with theoretical debates around the nature of solidarity itself. Second, historical geographers could pay more attention to the role of memory and “usable pasts.” Finally, I argue that more ambitious historical narratives, framed within wider social processes, would allow us to make broader arguments about how solidarity develops over time.
Decreased cognitive function is associated with dysphagia risk in nursing home older residents
Authors: Yatabe Naoko , Takeuchi Kenji , Izumi Maya , Furuta Michiko , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Suma Shino , Kageyama Shinya , Ganaha Seijun , Tohara Haruka , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the association between cognitive function and dysphagia risk among Japanese nursing home residents.BackgroundReduction in cognitive function can influence the intake of food during swallowing, and may be an aggravating factor in dysphagia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 236 residents aged ≥60 years from eight nursing homes. Screening of dysphagia, especially aspiration risk, was conducted using the Modified Water Swallow Test, whose scores from one to three were classified as at risk of dysphagia. Cognitive function was evaluated using Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Number of teeth and occlusal support were evaluated by clinical examination. The participants were stratified into dentulous and edentulous groups, because the number of teeth could influence swallowing function. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for dysphagia risk based on the scores of MMSE were calculated using logistic regression. Demographic characteristics, activity of daily living, comorbidities, health behaviour and occlusal support were used as covariates.ResultsAmong the 236 participants (111 dentulous participants and 125 edentulous participants) included in our analysis, 16.9% belonged to risk of dysphagia. Dentulous participants with higher scores of MMSE tended to have significantly lower odds of dysphagia risk after adjusting for covariates (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80‐0.96). Despite the lack of significant differences, edentulous participants with higher score of MMSE tended to have lower odds of dysphagia risk (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83‐1.00).ConclusionDecreased cognitive function may be an independent predictor of dysphagia among dentulous and edentulous adults.
Comparison of interactions of MgO‐based refractories with Li‐ion battery cathode materials during calcination
Authors: Zhai Pengtao , Chen Liugang , Hu Shuhe , Zhang Xuan , Ding Dafei , Li Hongxia , Li Suping , Zhu Lingling , Ye Guotian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo select refractory major ingredients of saggers for the calcination of Li‐ion battery cathode Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (LNCM) materials, interactions between MgO‐based refractories, ie, magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel, forsterite (2MgO·SiO2), and cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2), and LNCM materials were compared respectively via refractory‐LNCM precursor cylinder testing in lab‐scale. The phase composition and microstructure evolution of the calcined cylinders were characterized and resulted in comprehensive understanding and comparing of degradation of the MgO‐based refractories. The results reveal that cordierite is severely corroded, whereas magnesium‐aluminate spinel reacts little with LNCM materials. Refractories contain both SiO2 and Al2O3 with a higher SiO2 level will suffer a more serious corrosion contacting with LNCM materials.
A competency framework for clinical pharmacists and heart failure
Authors: Forsyth Paul , Warren Alison , Thomson Clare , Bateman Joanne , Greenwood Elizabeth , Williams Helen , Khatib Rani , Hadland Rocco , McGlynn Steve , Khan Nazish , Duggan Catherine , Beezer Janine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesHeart failure is an escalating ‘pandemic’ with malignant outcomes. Clinical pharmacist heart failure services have been developing for the past two decades. However, little clarity is available on the additional advanced knowledge, skills and experience needed for pharmacists to practice safely and competently. We aimed to provide an expert consensus on the minimum competencies necessary for clinical pharmacists to deliver appropriate care to patients with heart failure.MethodsThere were four methodological parts; (1) establishing a project group from experts in the field; (2) review of the literature, including existing pharmacy competency frameworks in other specialities and previous heart failure curricula from other professions; (3) consensus building, including developing, reviewing and adapting the contents of the framework; and (4) write-up and dissemination to widen the impact of the project.Key findingsThe final framework defines minimum competencies relevant to heart failure for four different potential levels of specialism: all pharmacists regardless of role (Stage 1); all patient-facing clinical pharmacists (Stage 2); clinical pharmacists with specific planned roles in the care of heart failure patients (Stage 3); and regionally/nationally/internationally recognised expert pharmacists with a direct specialism in heart failure (Stage 4).ConclusionsThe framework delivers the vital first step needed to help standardise care, give pharmacists a blueprint for career progression and continuing professional development and bring clarity to the role of the pharmacist. Future collaboration between professional bodies and training providers is needed to develop structured programmes to align with the framework and facilitate training and resultant accreditation.
Partnership approaches to the evaluation of complex policy initiatives: Qualitative research as key to building effective relationships
Authors: Turner‐Halliday Fiona , Welch Vicki , Bryce Graham , Forde Matt , Cotmore Richard , Wilson Phil , Fitzpatrick Bridie , Watson Nicholas , Minnis Helen 
Published: July 2018

We argue that major health and social care policy initiatives are not too complex for randomised controlled trial (RCT) methodology and illustrate this using the example of the Best Services Trial (BeST?): a RCT of an infant mental health intervention for maltreated children. We suggest that qualitative research, as a core part of the trial process from conception and development through to implementation and evaluation, is crucial in building, understanding and strengthening the partnership required to drive such a complex trial. Data pertinent to trial implementation demonstrate the iterative nature of the process whereby stakeholders are consulted and their views influence the conduct of the trial. Here we reflect on the bi‐directional relationship between qualitative data collection and partnership‐working in a trial. For very complex trials to be possible, significant resource needs to be available for the qualitative component.Key Practitioner Message: • Qualitative research is key to understanding, building and strengthening partnership approaches to researching complex interventions; • Qualitative research is vital to supporting randomised controlled trials involving multiple sectors; • Qualitative research provides essential explanatory power to outcome data in research.
Las remesas y los resultados del mercado de trabajo. Análisis basado en datos de México
Authors: SHARMA Amarendra , CÁRDENAS Oscar 
Published: July 2018

ResumenEn numerosos estudios se han investigado los efectos de las remesas sobre los resultados laborales, generalmente con datos de nivel microeconómico. Los pocos estudios en que se han utilizado datos de nivel macroeconómico adolecen de un sesgo de endogeneidad por la inclusión de las remesas en sus estimaciones. En la presente investigación tratamos de colmar esta laguna analizando el sesgo de endogeneidad mediante un estimador del sistema MGM (método generalizado de momentos) con datos de panel de los Estados mexicanos. Las principales conclusiones son que las remesas aumentan las tasas de actividad y reducen la mediana de horas trabajadas, el empleo crítico y la duración del desempleo.
Eficacia de la inspección laboral cuando la normativa varía según el tamaño de la empresa. El caso del Perú
Authors: VIOLLAZ Mariana 
Published: July 2018

ResumenSe analiza el impacto del control del cumplimiento de cuatro normas laborales (salario mínimo, cotización a pensiones, contrato de trabajo escrito y horas de trabajo) en el Perú, donde la reglamentación y las sanciones varían según el tamaño de la empresa. Con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares y una estrategia de variable instrumental, la autora se centra en un margen de ajuste previamente no analizado, la reducción del tamaño de la empresa para beneficiarse de normas más flexibles y sanciones más bajas. Los resultados muestran que la inspección tuvo poco efecto en el grado de conformidad o en el tamaño de las empresas.
La curva de Beveridge y los determinantes del emparejamiento en el mercado de trabajo
Authors: BOVA Elva , TOVAR JALLES João , KOLERUS Christina 
Published: July 2018

ResumenSe exploran los determinantes a corto plazo del emparejamiento entre oferta y demanda de trabajo identificando los desplazamientos de la curva de Beveridge en doce países de la OCDE entre el primer trimestre de 2000 y el cuarto trimestre de 2013. Mediante tres metodologías complementarias (examen visual, técnicas de cointegración y estimaciones no lineales), observamos que el crecimiento de la población activa, la legislación de protección del empleo y las políticas activas de mercado de trabajo (incentivos a la creación de empresas, programas de trabajo compartido) favorecen el emparejamiento, mientras que los niveles de instrucción intermedios, el desempleo de larga duración y las políticas pasivas (prestaciones por desempleo, fiscalidad del trabajo) lo dificultan.
Las condiciones laborales en la industria exportadora del norte de Marruecos. Entre el marco jurídico y la realidad de los actores
Authors: TRINIDAD REQUENA Antonio , SORIANO MIRAS Rosa M. , BARROS RODRÍGUEZ Francisco 
Published: July 2018

ResumenLas empresas exportadoras de productos manufacturados y de servicios del norte de Marruecos siguen un sistema de producción caracterizado por la alta presión, la flexibilidad, la supervisión directa y el cuestionamiento de ciertos derechos laborales. En el presente trabajo se estudian las condiciones laborales de estas empresas a partir del modelo teórico de la «economía global localizada», estableciendo una diferenciación según el tipo de empresa, la rama de actividad económica y la categoría profesional. Los resultados muestran cómo la reforma laboral de 2004, que adaptó la normativa a los convenios internacionales, ha servido para otorgar mayor poder a la empresa transnacional.
Decoupling and Contagion: The Special Case of the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Baur Dirk G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis constitutes a special case in the contagion literature with general implications. Perfectly correlated bond markets imply that contagion can only occur if there is a decoupling to lower correlation levels with increased idiosyncratic shocks leading to more severe but less systemic spillovers. This theoretical prediction is fully supported by the empirical analysis. We also show that dynamic coexceedance estimates provide a more robust and more general picture of contagion than correlation‐based tests. Coexceedances identify only one major incidence of contagion that affected five periphery Eurozone countries in May 2010 and coincided with flight to quality from the periphery to the core and the 2010 “flash crash” in US equity markets.
On the grain size proportionality constants calculated in M.I. Mendelson's “Average Grain Size in Polycrystalline Ceramics”
Authors: Gerlt Austin R. C. , Criner Amanda K. , Semiatin Lee , Payton Eric J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 1969, M.I. Mendelson published a paper in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society that introduced a proportionality constant of 1.558 for estimating the average 3D grain size from the mean 2D lineal intercept under the assumption of lognormally distributed grains. Recent simulations by the authors revealed that the lognormal parameterization in the original work actually calculates the median grain size instead of the mean. The relationship between the mean caliper diameter and mean lineal intercept was found to be 1.60 when using common parameterizations. In addition, it is demonstrated through simulations that the correct proportionality constant can range from 1.776 to below unity depending on a material's grain size dispersion, such that 1.60 should only be used as a crude approximation.
A Comparison of Different Ciliate Metabarcode Genes as Bioindicators for Environmental Impact Assessments of Salmon Aquaculture
Authors: Forster Dominik , Filker Sabine , Kochems Rebecca , Breiner Hans‐Werner , Cordier Tristan , Pawlowski Jan , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCiliates are powerful indicators for monitoring the impact of aquaculture and other industrial activities in the marine environment. Here, we tested the efficiency of four different genetic markers (V4 and V9 regions of the SSU rRNA gene, D1 and D2 regions of the LSU rRNA gene, obtained from environmental (e)DNA and environmental (e)RNA) of benthic ciliate communities for environmental monitoring. We obtained these genetic metabarcodes from sediment samples collected along a transect extending from below salmon cages toward the open sea. These data were compared to benchmark data from traditional macrofauna surveys of the same samples. In beta diversity analyses of ciliate community structures, the V4 and V9 markers had a higher resolution power for sampling sites with different degrees of organic enrichment compared to the D1 and D2 markers. The eDNA and eRNA V4 markers had a higher discriminatory power than the V9 markers. However, results obtained with the eDNA V9 marker corroborated better with the traditional macrofauna monitoring. This allows for a more direct comparison of ciliate metabarcoding with the traditional monitoring. We conclude that the ciliate eDNA V9 marker is the best choice for implementation in routine monitoring programs in marine aquaculture.
Adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of anthocyanin from purple rice bran extract on various adsorbents
Authors: Das Amit Baran , Goud V. V. , Das Chandan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the adsorption and desorption behaviors of anthocyanin in the aqueous solution of purple rice bran were investigated using amberlite XAD2, XAD4, XAD7, activated charcoal, and bentonite as adsorbents. The diffusion mechanisms of anthocyanin on adsorbents were also investigated. Amberlite XAD7 showed higher adsorption/desorption capacities and recovery of anthocyanin from purple rice bran extract over other adsorbents. The recovery of anthocyanin from XAD7 was 41.49% while adsorption and desorption capacities were 1.87 and 1.79 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption behavior of anthocyanin indicated that the process was better explained by pseudo‐first‐order kinetics than pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. Adsorption isotherm behavior of anthocyanin on adsorbents was found to be homogeneous and more suitable for Langmuir (two parameters) and Redlich–Peterson (three parameters) isotherm models. The adsorption mechanisms of adsorbents were well explained by intra‐particle diffusion model and indicated that XAD7 has the higher diffusion rate than the other adsorbents. In addition to that, the phytochemical profiling of the separated and concentrated bran extract was investigated using HPLC in terms of anthocyanins, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐d‐glucoside, and phenolic acid content.Practical applicationsThe present study shows the adsorption/desorption behavior and mechanism of anthocyanin from purple rice bran extract on the various adsorbents. The study also shows the diffusion mechanisms of anthocyanin on various adsorbents. From the application point of view, this work could be facilitated the industrial production of anthocyanin from purple rice bran as a natural food colorant using adsorption process. Moreover, the study is helpful in understanding the adsorption of anthocyanin as well as designing the adsorption systems.
Bioserotypes, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from Argentina and Chile
Authors: Mastrodonato Anna Chiara , Favier Gabriela I. , Lucero Estrada Cecilia S. M. , Vidal Roberto , Escudero María E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractYersinia enterocolitica is associated with human clinical manifestations. In this study, the bioserotype distribution, virulence potential, the antimicrobial susceptibility, and the genomic diversity of Y. enterocolitica isolates recovered from Argentina and Chile were assessed. Eight Chilean and 22 Argentine isolates recovered from human (7) and animal feces (3), foods (18) and wastewater (2) were analyzed. They belonged to the bioserotypes B2 O:9 (9), B1A O:5 (8), B1A O:41,42‐41,43 (8), B4 O:3 (3) and B1A O:7,8‐8‐8,19 (2). Autoagglutination (AA), Ca2+‐dependent growth at 37°C and yadA, inv and yst genes were observed in B2 O:9 and B4 O:3 strains. B1A strains exhibited the genotype yadA‐ inv‐ yst+. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin and erythromycin. By XbaI‐PFGE, 11 genomic types (GTs) were demonstrated (D.I. 0.90). The characteristics of these Y. enterocolitica isolates highlight the importance to maintain active surveillance of this enteropathogen in both countries.Practical applicationsThe trade exchange among Chile and Argentina includes 12–19% of agricultural goods and foodstuffs with fresh and processed vegetables, seafoods and meat products as the major commodities. Additionally, travel and tourism have increased in recent years with more than 2.5 million passengers moving from Argentina to Chile in 2017. In this context, the control of foodborne pathogens and diseases represents a challenge for both countries. The analysis of bioserotypes, virulence potential, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clonal relatedness of Argentine and Chilean Y. enterocolitica isolates encourages further studies to contribute to the knowledge of the epidemiology of this enteropathogen and the implementation of adequate sanitary measures to prevent Y. enterocolitica illness in both countries.
The Impact of Nicotine and Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Metabolic Activity and Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans on Acrylic Denture Material
Authors: Alzayer Yasmin Mohammed , Gomez Grace F. , Eckert George J. , Levon John A. , Gregory Richard L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeSmokers have increased denture stomatitis caused primarily by Candida albicans. The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of a wide range of nicotine and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) concentrations on biofilm formation and metabolic activity of C. albicans on acrylic denture material.Materials and MethodsC. albicans (ATCC strain 10231) was used. Standardized denture acrylic (PMMA) specimens (total of 135 specimens) were incubated with C. albicans and exposed to nicotine and CSC at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml) and (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml), respectively. For each experiment, 3 samples per nicotine and CSC concentration and a total of 45 specimens (27 specimens for the nicotine and 18 specimens for the CSC‐treated samples) were used and were selected randomly for each group. The control group consisted of 0 mg/ml of nicotine or CSC. The viability of C. albicans was measured using spiral plating on blood agar plates. The effect of nicotine and CSC concentrations on planktonic cells was were measured using a microplate reader. Metabolic activity of 24‐hour‐old established C. albicans biofilm exposed to nicotine and CSC for 24 hours in microtiter plates was determined using a 2,3‐bis (2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay.ResultsThe viability of C. albicans increased concomitant with increasing concentrations of CSC and nicotine, particularly at 0.5 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Concentrations of CSC and nicotine above this resulted in an inhibitory effect on C. albicans viability. CSC and nicotine at 4 and 16 mg/ml, respectively, increased C. albicans biofilm metabolic activity.ConclusionNicotine and CSC up to certain concentrations caused increases in biofilm formation, metabolic activity, viability, and planktonic cell absorbance of C. albicans. This in vitro study demonstrates the effectiveness of tobacco on promoting the growth of C. albicans and suggests their potential contributing factor in C. albicans biofilm related infections in smokers.
Narrative Remembering of Intercultural Encounters: A Case Study of Language Program Reintegration After Study Abroad
Authors: LEE SHENG‐HSUN , KINGINGER CELESTE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat becomes of language students who participate in study abroad and then continue their study at home? What part can their memory of in‐country living play in shaping subsequent classroom experiences, not only for the students themselves but also for their classmates and teachers? This study explores changes in the motives of a study abroad returnee, Kevin, after his return to his home campus following a sojourn in China, focusing on reintegration into the domestic classroom and into the local cohort of Chinese language students. Previous studies have compared learning outcomes in different contexts—at home versus abroad. Less understood is how students from these divergent contexts converge in the upper level language classroom. Adopting activity theory, the study ethnographically tracks qualitative changes in Kevin's use of narratives from his sojourn experience across a longitudinal database of classroom recordings and participant interviews. As a teaching tool, Kevin's narratives empowered the instructor to achieve various pedagogical goals. However, the learning advantages that had once flourished through Kevin's narrative ultimately gave way to challenges. The findings suggest that students’ different histories of learning can become valuable pedagogical resources if, rather than simply expecting their adaptation, the curriculum and instruction are responsive to their needs.