bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider-initiated HIV testing & counselling in incident tuberculosis cases under National TB Programme conditions at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tirupati, south India
Authors: Mohan Alladi , Harikrishna J. , Kumar D. Prabath , Kumar N. Dinesh , Sharma Prerna S. , Kumar B. Siddhartha , Sarma K.V.S. 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:
As sparse published data are available regarding burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in incident tuberculosis (TB) cases at tertiary care teaching hospitals under National TB Programme conditions from India, the present study was designed to assess the proportion of referred registered TB patients who had actually undergone HIV testing and HIV-seropositivity in these.

Methods:
This was a study of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in patients registered for the treatment under Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) of Government of India at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tirupati, south India, during 2012-2013.

Results:
Between January 2012 and June 2013, 610 adult patients registered under RNTCP who were referred to Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre for HIV testing, were prospectively studied. Of these, 458 patients (75%) [mean age: 38.6±16.3 yr; 295 (64.4%) males] underwent HIV testing; HIV-co-infection was present in 21 (4.6%) patients. A significantly higher proportion of HIV co-infection was evident in PTB compared with EPTB [13/179 (7.2%) vs 8/279 (2.8%); respectively, P=0.038] and in previously treated patients compared to new patients [6/51 (11.8%) vs 15/407 (3.7%); respectively, P=0.009].

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of this study showed that a higher proportion of TB patients underwent HIV testing (75%) compared to the national figure of 63 per cent in 2013-2014. HIV seropositivity (4.6%) in TB patients who underwent HIV testing was similar to the five per cent figure observed at national level during 2013-2014. The HIV status of 25 per cent of patients with incident TB still remained unknown, suggesting a need for better integration and co-ordination for effective management of HIV-TB co-infection.
A Galois Correspondence for Reduced Crossed Products of Simple -algebras by Discrete Groups
Authors: Cameron Jan , Smith Roger R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLet a discrete group $G$ act on a unital simple $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra $A$ by outer automorphisms. We establish a Galois correspondence $H\mapsto A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}H$ between subgroups of $G$ and $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras $B$ satisfying $A\subseteq B\subseteq A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}G$, where $A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}G$ denotes the reduced crossed product. For a twisted dynamical system $(A,G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E})$, we also prove the corresponding result for the reduced twisted crossed product $A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}}G$.
Outside the Box Warehousing: When Thinking of Inputs as Outputs Makes Sense
Authors: Brazhkin Vitaly 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs the supply chain revolution continues, small and medium‐sized enterprises and smaller facilities of large companies experience an increased pressure from their adjacent supply chain partners and their own senior management to improve their performance. This places higher demands on the accuracy of their performance measurement, particularly labor productivity in warehouses. Smaller facilities cannot afford to implement engineered labor standards (ELS) and rely on traditional metrics of output, such as piece count, which do not provide the reliable level of accuracy demanded today. Changing the traditional view of the inputs‐outputs paradigm, this study suggests a unique labor productivity metric for non‐ELS facilities based on warehouse lift‐truck utilization data. Empirical tests using a longitudinal data set from an automotive parts distribution center provide evidence that the new metric is more accurate than the traditional output metrics because it is not affected by the assignment contribution error due to workload smoothing. The new metric offers managers an opportunity to fine‐tune labor productivity measurement in warehouses and other environments with extensive lift‐truck utilization without investing in ELS projects.
Anal Cytology: Institutional Statistics, Correlation With Histology, and Development of Multidisciplinary Screening Program With Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Morency Elizabeth G. , Harbert Tracey , Fatima Nazneen , Samolcyzk Julia , Maniar Kruti P. , Nayar Ritu 
Published: April 2018

Context.—The incidence of anal cancer in the United States is on the rise in high-risk populations. The anal Papanicolaou test (APT) is advocated as a screening tool, in addition to digital rectal examination and high-resolution anoscopy.Objective.—To review our experience and the current literature to create, in cooperation with clinicians, a standardized screening and treatment algorithm given our large volume of APTs.Data Sources.—All APTs collected between January 2013 and June 2015 were reviewed and correlated with follow-up/concurrent biopsy diagnoses, and clinical and social history. In total, 1417 APTs were performed on 1185 patients and APT results were as follows: 17.4% (247 of 1417) unsatisfactory; 27.9% (395 of 1417) negative; 19.5% (276 of 1417) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US); 24.1% (342 of 1417) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); 3.6% (51 of 1417) atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H); and 7.5% (106 of 1417) HSIL. In total 376 cases (26.5%) had concurrent/follow-up biopsy. Review of all unsatisfactory cases with squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) on biopsy showed LSIL in 19.2% (5 of 26). Anal Papanicolaou test with cytologic abnormality (ASC-US+) had an 83.8% (315 of 376) rate of biopsy-proven disease, and sensitivity was higher (92%) for high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (AIN2+). Overall detection of AIN2+ using ASC-US+ showed specificity of 26%, negative predictive value of 92%, and positive predictive value of 26%.Conclusions.—Anal cytology has a high abnormal rate (54.7%) and sensitivity but poor correlation with histologic grade. High unsatisfactory rate indicates need for improvement in sampling with 68.4% of cases having SIL on biopsy. Multidisciplinary effort led to improvements in sampling, cytologic interpretation, and development of a standardized management algorithm.
A Review and Update on Papillary Immature Metaplasia of the Uterine Cervix: A Distinct Subset of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, Proposing a Possible Cell of Origin
Authors: Hong Soon Auck , Yoo Su Hyun , Choi Jene , Robboy Stanley J. , Kim Kyu-Rae 
Published: April 2018

Context.—
Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) is a known papillary cervical lesion associated with low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV).

Objective.—
To evaluate additional clinicopathologic features and the HPV genotypes of PIM and discuss the presumptive cell of origin.

Design.—
A total of 26 PIM cases were evaluated by p16INK4a, cytokeratin (CK) 7, and CK17 immunohistochemical stainings. Human papillomavirus genotyping was performed, by using HPV DNA Chip, HPV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR.

Results.—
Histologically, PIM forms either a papillary mass (n = 21 of 26, 81%) or a slightly elevated/flat plaque (n = 5, 19%). All cases contain variable amounts of mucinous epithelia within the lesions. Koilocytosis was identified in 15 of the 26 cases (58%). Sixteen cases (61%) were associated with LR-HPV (types 6, 11, or 42), but 3 cases (12%) with high-risk (HR) HPV (16, 16/18, and 33), 2 cases (8%) with mixed LR- and HR-HPV (6/16 and 11/58), while 2 cases (8%) were negative, but p16INK4a immunostaining showed nonblock positivity in all cases. Eight (31%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in the adjacent mucosa, 4 (50%) of which showed direct continuity. Identical HPV subtypes were confirmed in separately microdissected cases from PIM and adjacent HSIL. Most lesions (n = 24, 92%) expressed CK17 (reserve cell marker) in a bottom-heavy pattern and CK7 (squamocolumnar junction [SCJ] marker) in a top-heavy pattern, while most cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were negative for both markers.

Conclusions.—
Our results suggest that PIM is a distinct subset of LSIL showing a productive HPV infection, but PIM involves the transformation zone and is proximal to SCJ, while LSIL is mostly from ectocervix or distal to the SCJ.
Produção de bovinos de corte e leite em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Soares Maxwelder Santos , Batista Aguilar Poliana , Meireles de Oliveira Franklin , Guimarães Silva Leonardo , Guimarães da Cruz Wendell Fernando 
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a integração lavoura-pecuária e a utilização deste sistema na produção de bovinos de corte e de leite. A integração lavoura-pecuária é uma alternativa que está sendo adotada entre os elementos tecnológicos disponíveis, destacando-se por apresentar um sinergismo entre a produção de culturas anuais e a produção de forragem para exploração da pecuária de corte ou de leite, a pasto. O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária tem potencial para aumentar a produtividade de grãos, carne ou leite e reduzir os efeitos da degradação das pastagens de forma sustentável. No entanto, para o adequado funcionamento, alguns fundamentos devem ser atendidos, além dasincronização correta do uso dos principais componentes do sistema: o solo, a planta e o animal.
Clinician and Patient Perspectives on the Exchange of Sensitive Social Determinants of Health Information
Authors: DesRoches Catherine M. , Wachenheim Deborah , Garcia Annalays , Harcourt Kendall , Henry JaWanna , Shah Ria , Patel Vaishali 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceSocial determinant of health (SDOH) data are essential to individualized care and reducing health disparities. However, there is little standardization in the way that SDOH data are collected, and barriers to increasing the collection of such data exist at both the patient and clinician levels.ObjectiveTo evaluate clinician, patient, and care partner perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of patients sharing SDOH information with their clinicians.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study included clinicians, patients, and care partners across the United States. Focus groups were conducted between September 2022 and February 2023 to understand the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRapid assessment procedures were used to analyze focus group transcripts, creating summaries, codes, and themes mapped directly to the project research questions.ResultsA total of 235 individuals participated, including 109 (46.4%) clinicians (60 [55.0%] male; 25 [22.9%] Asian, 2 [1.8%] Black, and 74 [67.9%] White) and 126 (53.6%) patients and care partners (45 [35.7%] male; 1 [0.8%] Asian, 48 [38.1%] Black, and 64 [50.8%] White). Clinicians and patients agreed that SDOH data are important for clinicians to know. Both clinicians and patients wanted a structured, standardized way to collect SDOH data in the future, accompanied by time for more in-depth discussion during the visit. However, they highlighted numerous issues that impact collecting these data, including beliefs about how the information will be used, the clinician-patient relationship, having enough of the right staff, time needed to collect SDOH information, and technology used to collect the data (eg, usability, standardization).Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study of the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data underscores the ongoing barriers to widespread adoption of uniform approaches to SDOH data documentation as well as factors that may help lower those barriers, such as trusting patient-clinician relationships, greater transparency in how the data will be used, and targeted resources. A multifaceted approach to addressing the concerns raised by clinicians, patients, and care partners is required to ensure that such data can be captured in a way that improves care and allows for progress toward an equitable health care system.
Rational Engineering of Phase‐Pure 2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Ke , Lv Wenzhen , Wang He , Li Mingguang , Xu Ligang , Chen Runfeng , Xing Guichuan , Wu Guangbao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract2D perovskite structures have gained significant attention due to their reliable long‐term stability. Unlike quasi‐2D perovskites, phase‐pure 2D perovskites exhibit a flattened energy landscape and low energy transfer losses, offering substantial benefits for enhancing device efficiency and stability. Recent research on phase‐pure 2D perovskites has shown significant progress, attributed to their unique properties. This review delineates advancements in the study of phase‐pure 2D perovskite materials and elucidates the relationships between crystal structure design, growth, and device performance regulation. Additionally, it summarizes techniques for characterizing phase‐pure 2D structures and methods for their precise synthesis. Finally, an outlook on the future development of phase‐pure 2D perovskites, highlighting the scientific and technological challenges in current research is provided.
Achieving Ultrahigh Efficiency of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Energy Harvesting Systems via Hybrid Electronic‐Spark Power Management
Authors: Liufu Yong Hong , Tse Chi K. , Yang Guiyuan , Liao Yining , Lin Hongjian , Dai Dong , Lin Han , Hong Hongxin , Wu Hao , Zhang Xuexia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSignificant efforts are devoted to optimizing the efficiency of triboelectric energy harvesting systems, particularly through the design of an advanced power management system (PMS) for Triboelectric Nanoenerators (TENGs). A critical aspect of PMS is the design and control of switches. However, existing switches face significant limitations. For spark switches, precise control cannot be achieved, and electronic switches can only operate at voltages below several hundred volts which is limited by the risk of electrical breakdown. To address these limitations, a hybrid electronic‐spark switch power management system (HESS) is proposed. HESS changes the connection of capacitors from parallel to series by deploying a maximum voltage tracking switch components at the peak voltage point, resulting in a much‐elevated voltage level to activate the spark switch. This approach achieves precise control of the spark switch for the first time and significantly reduces the operating voltage of electronic switches. Through simulation and experimental verification, HESS achieves the control at a voltage level of 1.8 kV for spark switch, with an electrical component breakdown voltage of only 450 V. The power density of the HESS is 29.8 mW Hz−1 m−2, which is a new record for electronic switches.
Strong Metal–Support Interaction Induces Dual Reaction Sites for Ultrasensitive and Stable NO2 Detection in Extreme Environments
Authors: Ou Yucheng , Wang Bing , Xu Nana , Song Quzhi , Liu Tao , Xu Hui , Wang Fuwen , Cheng Chuang , Lu Huimin , Wang Yingde 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe tripartite combination of a high density and stability of surface reaction sites, complemented by the longevity and efficient transfer of interface carriers, along with the effective adsorption and activation of target gas molecules, jointly determines the efficiency of chemiresistors. In this work, the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) of Pt─Ce3+ is formed by the NaBH4 reduction method and thus prepares metal‐dynamically stable PtNR─CeO2 with Pt─Ce3+ and Pt─Pt reaction sites. The formation of SMSI induces the recombination of the chemical structure of the CeO2 surface causing the localization of electron‐rich Ce3+, which greatly increases the charge concentration at the interface. The experimental findings of the strong interaction of Pt─Ce3+ bonding and the catalytic effect of Pt optimized the adsorption mode of PtNR─CeO2 on target gas, which maintains stable catalytic activity at 20–500 °C and achieving a notable detection response value of 1.43 for 20 ppb NO2. This work offers fresh insights into designing stable oxide chemiresistors with efficiency and stability by customizing reaction sites at the atomic level.
Heterogeneous Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Mediated by Polycations for Efficient Ions Separation
Authors: Xu Shuting , Lin Haibo , Li Guiliang , Han Qiu , Wang Jianqiang , Liu Fu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrecise ions sieving at angstrom‐scale is gaining tremendous attention thanks to its significant impact at the water‐energy nexus. Herein, a novel polycation‐modulated interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy is developed to prepare a heterogeneously charged covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membrane. Cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) regulates the growth and assembly of anionic COFs nanosheets, which thus provides a negative, smooth top surface and positive, rough bottom surface, indicating the presence of heterogeneously charged angstrom‐scale channels through the membrane. Experiments and simulations are conducted to understand the facilitated ions transport behavior relative to specific interactions raised by heterogeneously charged channels and angstrom‐scale steric hinderance as well, rendering the membrane with robust mono‐/divalent cations sieving capabilities. The selectivity (61.6) of Li+ to Mg2+ in mixed saline under the continuous cross‐flow filtration mode is superior to most of the reported nanofiltration membranes. This polycation‐mediated interfacial polymerization strategy offers a compelling opportunity to develop versatile heterogeneously charged COF membranes for exquisite ion sieving.
Subnanometer Diameter Control in Nanotubes Self‐Assembled via Consecutive Cyclization – Polymerization Processes
Authors: González‐Sánchez Marina , Mayoral María J. , Aparicio Fátima , Vázquez‐González Violeta , Sancho‐Casado Irene , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , González‐Rodríguez David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTubular self‐assembled architectures are highly appealing supramolecular objects that participate in diverse essential biological processes. Controlling with precision their dimensions, and in particular their pore diameter, is a key objective to develop the full applied potential of these structures. Here, using a strategy that relies on the controlled supramolecular polymerization of Watson–Crick H‐bonded macrocycles, we target the assembly of 3 sets of nanotubes in which pore diameter is finely controlled from 1.8, to 3.2 and to 4.3 nm. This is simply done by elongating the oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) block placed in between guanine and cytosine nucleobases in the monomer. Moreover, this structural change leads to a gradual reduction in the chelate cooperativity of the cyclization process and, at the same time, to an enhancement in the tendency of the macrocycles to stack, which critically influences the coupling between these consecutive supramolecular processes.
A Fluorescent Probe with Large Stokes Shift Based on Benzothiadiazole Scaffolds for Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Lysosomes and Its Application in Biological Imaging
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Ning , He Yuan , Wang Jian‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMercury is highly toxic, and appropriate amounts of the mercury‐selenium complex can protect plasma. However, when excessive mercury (II) ions (Hg2+) are exposed to human skin or ingested directly, it can lead to irreversible accumulation in the body. Therefore, detecting the presence of Hg2+ in cells is important. A novel fluorescent probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso was designed and constructed based on the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. Thiotaldehyde could specifically recognize Hg2+ so that the probe could produce a fluorescence enhancement effect. In addition, the fluorescent probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso exhibited the advantages of large Stokes shift (210 nm) and good selectivity. More importantly, the probe BTD‐Hg‐Lyso could be used for the determination of Hg2+ in cellular lysosomes. BTD‐Hg‐Lyso was able to image Hg2+ in HeLa cells, zebrafish, and tobacco seedlings (rhizome and stem) successfully.
Exploring C2 and N6 Substituent Effects on Truncated 4′‐Thioadenosine Derivatives as Dual A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptor Ligands
Authors: Naik Siddhi D. , Kim Minjae , Choi Jiyoung , Kim Gibae , Woo Kim Seung , Aswar Vikas R. , Tripathi Sushil K. , Gaikwad Vidyasagar , Yu Jinha , Shin Jeong Lak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on high binding affinity of truncated 2‐hexynyl‐4′‐thioadenosine (3 a) at both A2A adenosine receptor (AR) and A3 AR, we explored structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of the C2‐substitution by altering chain length of the 2‐hexynyl moiety, thereby evaluating the hydrophobic pocket size. A series of truncated N6‐substituted 4′‐thioadenosine derivatives with C2‐alkynyl substitution were successfully synthesized from D‐mannose, using a palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction as the key step, whose structures were confirmed by the X‐ray crystal structure of 4 h. As the size of the alkynyl group at the C2‐position increased, the binding affinity improved; however, when the substituted group was larger than hexynyl, the binding affinity decreased. The introduction of a bulky hydrophobic group such as 3‐halobenzyl group at the free N6‐amino group decreased the binding affinity at hA2AAR. These results confirm our previous findings that a free amino group at N6‐position and longer hydrophobic chain at C2‐position are essential for hA2A AR binding affinity. The introduction of a bulky hydrophobic group at free N6‐amino group maintained the binding affinity at hA3 AR. The binding mode of truncated 2‐substituted‐4′‐thioadenosine derivatives to hA2A and hA3 AR were predicted by a molecular docking study.
Plant‐based protein crops and their improvement: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Singh Asheesh K. , Elango Dinakaran , Raigne Joscif , Van der Laan Liza , Rairdin Ashlyn , Soregaon Chandrakant , Singh Arti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe plant‐based protein industry is rapidly growing and is projected to grow to over $27 billion by 2030. In addition to monetary benefits, plant‐based protein crops, particularly pulse crops (i.e., legume species with dry edible seed), can supplement the existing crop biodiversity and break the disease and insect pest cycle in drastically changing climatic conditions. Most commercially available plant‐based protein ingredients come from only 2% of the 150 plant species on which our food supply depends. Therefore, it is imperative to diversify the cropping system with pulse crops that provide a more nutritious, climate‐resilient, sustainable food value chain. At present, a large portion of US pulse crop production is exported, yet the shifting demographics, dietary preferences, and a rise in domestic consumption present enormous potential for existing and emerging pulse crops, as well as their breeding. Despite a rise in demand from consumers and industries, farmers are yet to fully reap the benefits of these crops due to a shortage of improved varieties. These new varieties could lead to a diverse, sustainable protein supply that satisfies the growing domestic and global demand for plant‐based foods. This review intends to comprehensively explore the geographical and cultural acceptance of plant‐based proteins, manufacturing techniques, protein products, anti‐nutritional factors, techniques and tools for protein estimation, high‐throughput estimation of seed protein, protein composition requirements in food, breeding strategies, crop improvement, and resources to improve plant‐based protein pulse crops.