bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Metal Free Nucleophilic Benzylation of Nitroarenes. Umpolung of the Friedel Crafts Reaction
Authors: Kisiel Kacper , Brześkiewicz Jakub , Loska Rafał , Mąkosza Mieczysław 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBenzyl chloride and its derivatives are efficiently deprotonated with strong bases to form α‐chlorocarbanions. These anions are long‐lived enough to enter VNS reactions with nitroarenes or nitroheteroarenes to give a variety of unsymmetrical o‐ and p‐nitrodiarylmethanes. Selectivity of the reaction can be controlled to some extent by changing metal counterions of the base.magnified image
Anderson Localized Plasmon in Graphene with Random Tensile‐Strain Distribution
Authors: Duan Jiahua , Xiao Sanshui , Chen Jianing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnderson localization, the unusual phenomenon discovered in a disordered medium, describes the phase transition from the extended to localized state. Owing to the interference in multiple elastic scattering, this concept is firstly demonstrated in an electron system, then to photon and matter waves. However, Anderson localization has not been observed for polaritonic waves with its unique features of strong field confinement and tunability. Here, Anderson localization of plasmon polaritons is experimentally reported in a flat graphene sheet simultaneously with homogenous charge carrier and random tensile‐strain distributions. By selectively choosing different disordered levels, the transition from quasi‐expansion to weak localization, and finally Anderson localization are observed. Relying on the infrared nanoimaging technique, the spatial dependence of the localization is further studied, and finally the transition window from weak to Anderson localization of graphene plasmon polaritons is identified with the aid of the scaling theory. The experimental approach paves a new way to study Anderson localization in other polaritonic systems such as phonon, exciton, magnon polaritons, etc.
Dual‐Carbon Enhanced FeP Nanorods Vertically Grown on Carbon Nanotubes with Pseudocapacitance‐Boosted Electrochemical Kinetics for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Hou Bao‐Hua , Wang Ying‐Ying , Ning Qiu‐Li , Liang Hao‐Jie , Yang Xu , Wang Jiawei , Liu Mingkai , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wang Xinlong , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn order to develop the promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with high capacity, high rate performance, and long cycling stability, carbon‐coated FeP nanorods (FeP@C‐NR) vertically grown on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), defined as CNTs⊥FeP@C‐NR, is successfully prepared via a simple two‐step process. This upgraded structure with slim FeP@C‐NR and dual‐carbon networks can not only buffer the huge volume change of the active materials during electrochemical reaction process to enhance the cycling stability but also accelerate the electrochemical kinetics. It is disclosed that such a unique structure exhibits a pseudocapacitance‐boosted ultrafast electrochemical kinetic and performs an excellent lithium storage performance. It delivers a high reversible capacity of ≈1130 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, remarkable cycling stability of 1129 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, 1126 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1, and 350 mAh g−1 after 3000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and superior rate capability of 345 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. Moreover, a CNTs⊥FeP@C‐NR//LiFePO4 full cell is assembled, which delivers a reversible capacity of 465 mA h g−1 after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
Socially Valued Roles, Self‐Determination, and Community Participation among Individuals Living with Serious Mental Illnesses
Authors: Millner Uma Chandrika , Woods Tracy , Furlong‐Norman Kathleen , Rogers E. Sally , Rice Dennis , Russinova Zlatka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDecades after deinstitutionalization, individuals living with serious mental illnesses remain isolated, socially disengaged, and devalued members of communities. Burgeoning research and services need conceptual clarity to improve such social conditions. This qualitative inquiry used grounded theory and participatory approaches to conduct an in‐depth exploration of community participation for individuals living with serious mental illnesses based on key stakeholder perspectives (n = 45). Results revealed that community participation is a multifaceted construct with layers of meaning for individuals living with serious mental illnesses. Overarching themes are contextualized in Self‐Determination Theory and presented with deidentified illustrations. Implications for services, research, and policy are discussed.
Effect of Light Exposure on the Quality and Phenol Content of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oil during 12‐Month Storage
Authors: de la Torre‐Robles Amelia , Monteagudo Celia , Mariscal‐Arcas Miguel , Lorenzo‐Tovar Maria Luisa , Olea‐Serrano Fátima , Rivas Ana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStorage conditions influence the maximum time for which the composition and sensory characteristics of olive oils can be guaranteed. The purpose of this research was to study the quality and phenol content of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) after storage for 1 year in different types of containers under darkness or light. Three Spanish cultivars with quantitatively different phenol contents were selected for the study. Storage under light conditions impaired the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the three cultivars, and reduced total phenolics, but there was an increase in hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol concentrations. It also markedly decreased their total phenolic content, especially when kept in polyethylene containers exposed to light, with reductions ranging from 4.28% for vanillic acid in Picual oils stored in dark glass containers under dark conditions to 97.82% for ferulic acid in Arbequina oils stored in polyethylene containers under light conditions. There was a reduced concentration of flavonoid and lignan concentrations after 1 year of storage, with the greatest decrease (98.01% of initial content) being observed for in the flavonoid apigenin. These results indicate that EVOO should be stored in dark glass containers under dark conditions for the optimal preservation of its quality and phenol content.
The bridge between cognition and behavior in acquired brain injury: A graph theoretical approach
Authors: Jonker Frank , Weeda Wouter , Rauwerda Kim , Scherder Erik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe assumption is that executive dysfunctions (EF), associated with frontal lobe injury, are responsible for behavioral disturbances. Some studies do not find a relationship between EF and behavior following frontal lobe lesions. Our main goal of this study was to use a novel statistical method, graph theory, to analyze this relationship in different brain injury groups; frontal lobe damage, non‐frontal lobe damage, and controls. Within the frontal group, we expect to find a pattern of executive nodes that are highly interconnected.MethodsFor each group, we modeled the relationship between executive functions and behavior as a network of interdependent variables. The cognitive tests and the behavioral questionnaire are the “nodes” in the network, while the relationships between the nodes were modeled as the correlations between two nodes corrected for the correlation with all other nodes in the network. Sparse networks were estimated within each group using graphical LASSO. We analyzed the relative importance of the nodes within a network (centrality) and the clustering (modularity) of the different nodes.ResultsNetwork analysis showed distinct patterns of relationships between EF and behavior in the three subgroups. The performance on the verbal learning test is the most central node in all the networks. In the frontal group, verbal memory forms a community with working memory and fluency. The behavioral nodes do not differentiate between groups or form clusters with cognitive nodes. No other communities were found for cognitive and behavioral nodes.ConclusionThe cognitive phenotype of the frontal lobe damaged group, with its stability and proportion, might be theoretically interpreted as a potential “buffer” for possible cognitive executive deficits. This might explain some of the ambiguity found in the literature. This alternative approach on cognitive test scores provides a different and possibly complimentary perspective of the neuropsychology of brain‐injured patients.
Intertwined Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Microsphere as Polysulfide Grappler for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xiang Kaixiong , Chen Manfang , Hu Jun , Wang Sicheng , Wen Xiaoyu , Zhu Yirong , Chen Han , Shu Hongbo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA kind of yarn‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes microsphere (NSCNT) is synthesized in one‐step synthesis, and sulfur is added by melting immersion to form carbon nanotube microspheres/sulfur composites (NSCNT/S). The morphology, structure and electrochemical property of the obtained NSCNT/S are explored by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical tests. The results show that NSCNT possesses a high N content and unique mesoporous carbon framework with large specific surface area of 1029 m2 g−1, which can not only favor rapid electron and Li‐ion transfer but also effectively mitigate dissolved polysulfides via strong chemical and physical adsorption. Due to the synergetic interaction of NSCNT, the NSCNT/S delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1241.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and large rate capacity of 1175.5 mAh g−1 at 1 C with ultralow capacity decay of 0.1 % per cycle and high areal mass loading of 3.1 mg cm−2. This eco‐friendly NSCNT/S can offer an appealing improvement for the applications of high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
The Ethics of Net‐Risk Pediatric Research: Implications of Valueless and Harmful Studies
Authors: David Wendler 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNet‐risk pediatric research encompasses interventions and studies that pose risks and do not offer a compensating potential for clinical benefit. These interventions and studies are central to efforts to improve pediatric clinical care. Yet critics argue that it is unethical to expose children to research risks for the benefit of unrelated others. While a number of ethical justifications have been proposed, none have received widespread acceptance. This leaves funders with uncertainty over whether they should support and institutional review boards with uncertainty over whether they should approve net‐risk pediatric research. To try to answer these questions, this article describes a justification that I previously proposed and considers two objections to it. This analysis reveals that the opportunity to contribute to a valuable project can justify exposing children to risks even though some trials turn out to be valueless and others turn out to be harmful. It follows that, to protect pediatric participants, institutional review boards need to assess whether trials have the potential to collect socially valuable information and whether they are likely to enroll and retain a sufficient number of participants.
Estimating feral cat densities using distance sampling in an urban environment
Authors: Hand Alexis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSynthesis and applicationsEstimating feral cat population densities in urban environments can be difficult due to lack of public space and human interference. The purpose of this study was to use distance sampling in a citywide landscape to determine population size and areas of high abundance to inform trap–neuter–release management.Line transect distance sampling was used to estimate density of the feral cat population in Windsor, Ontario from June to July 2014. Windsor has a human population of 217,188 and is about 146 km2in size. Most transects were placed along local roads.Density was estimated at about 13.3 (95% CI 9.7–18.1) cats per km2, and an estimated population size of 1,858 cats (95% CI 1,361–2,537) cats with the highest relative density occurring in West and Central Windsor.Urban wildlife managers could utilize these methods to monitor feral cat populations and evaluate the effectiveness of trap–neuter–release programs.
Structurally defined signaling in neuro‐glia units in the enteric nervous system
Authors: Boesmans Werend , Hao Marlene M. , Fung Candice , Li Zhiling , Van den Haute Chris , Tack Jan , Pachnis Vassilis , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoordination of gastrointestinal function relies on joint efforts of enteric neurons and glia, whose crosstalk is vital for the integration of their activity. To investigate the signaling mechanisms and to delineate the spatial aspects of enteric neuron‐to‐glia communication within enteric ganglia we developed a method to stimulate single enteric neurons while monitoring the activity of neighboring enteric glial cells. We combined cytosolic calcium uncaging of individual enteric neurons with calcium imaging of enteric glial cells expressing a genetically encoded calcium indicator and demonstrate that enteric neurons signal to enteric glial cells through pannexins using paracrine purinergic pathways. Sparse labeling of enteric neurons and high‐resolution analysis of the structural relation between neuronal cell bodies, varicose release sites and enteric glia uncovered that this form of neuron‐to‐glia communication is contained between the cell body of an enteric neuron and its surrounding enteric glial cells. Our results reveal the spatial and functional foundation of neuro‐glia units as an operational cellular assembly in the enteric nervous system.
Associations among Braak stage, Parkinsonian gait, cognition, and functional status in autopsy‐confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Mayo Ann M. , Peavy Guerry M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveCompromised functional abilities in older adults with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) represent a significant burden to families and frequently lead to institutionalization. Contributing factors to this compromise are poorly understood.MethodsUsing data collected at a first study visit, multiple regression modeling was used to examine the associations between Braak staged Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) status, Parkinsonian gait, cognition, and functional status from a cohort of 102 cases with an autopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of dementia stemming from combined Lewy body and AD pathology.ResultsOn average, 60% of functional activities were compromised per case. Worse functional status was associated with older age at first study visit, compromised cognitive status, and Parkinsonian gait after controlling for gender, mental status, and other covariates. Worse cognitive status predicted worse functional status in both the low and high Braak groups.ConclusionsOlder persons with DLB presenting with moderately compromised cognition and Parkinsonian gait should be expected to have impaired functional abilities. Providing these patients with supportive environments may help them to remain independent for longer periods of time.
Effect of reading with direct or indirect light on the visually evoked flow response in the posterior cerebral artery
Authors: Balogh Eszter , Árokszállási Tamás , Csiba László , Oláh László 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeReading with direct light from computer monitors or tablets may cause visual fatigue and hamper reading comprehension. Our aim was to compare the blood flow response in the supplying artery of the visual cortex when reading from tablet screen or from paper. The neurovascular coupling was tested also after 15‐minute reading from either monitor or paper.MethodsFlow velocity responses evoked by reading from paper and from monitor were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography in a random sequence in both posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) of 20 young healthy adults. Afterward, PCA flow response evoked by reading from paper was also investigated after 15 minutes reading on the same tablet or paper, in a random order.ResultsReading from monitor with its own source of light and reading from paper with indirect light caused very similar PCA flow response. Moreover, the flow velocity increase, evoked by reading form paper did not differ after 15‐minute reading from monitor or from paper.ConclusionsReading with direct or indirect light produces similar flow response in the occipital cortex.
A 27.5‐43.5 GHz 65‐nm CMOS up‐conversion mixer with 0.42 dBm OP1dB for 5G applications
Authors: Chen Zhilin , Liu Zhiqing , Jiang Zhengdong , Liu Pengxue , Yu Yiming , Liu Huihua , Wu Yunqiu , Zhao Chenxi , Kang Kai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 27.5‐ to 43.5‐GHz up‐conversion mixer is presented for fifth‐generation (5G) applications in 65‐nm CMOS process. A two‐path transconductance stage (TPTS) is demonstrated to improve the linearity. Compared with the conventional common‐source stage, this method enhances the output 1‐dB compression point (OP1dB) by 3.45 dB only at a cost of 1‐mW extra power. Moreover, the input and output baluns are using the fourth‐order transformer‐based resonators to realize a wideband impendence matching. With a power consumption of 14 mW, the proposed up‐conversion mixer achieves OP1dB of 0.42 dBm at 38 GHz. Simultaneously, the maximum conversion gain of −5 dB, local oscillator (LO)‐to‐intermediate frequency (IF) isolation of 43 dB and LO‐to‐radio frequency (RF) isolation of 40 dB are obtained.
Enhancement of capacitive accelerometer operation by parameters improvement
Authors: Ghemari Zine , Saad Salah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present paper, a mathematical model suitable for capacitive accelerometer is developed by applying the fundamental principle of dynamics and validated by simulation and experiment test. This model aims to visualize the capacitance variation of the accelerometer as a function of relative movement frequency. The main motivation key role of this paper is to propose a capacitive accelerometer with improved parameters. Therefore, in capacitive detection, the damping rate choice is directly influenced by the variation in capacitance; for this purpose, a comparative study of three damping rates is carried out. The first accelerometer is used in practical tests, the second is presented and studied in recent literature, and the third is the accelerometer proposed in this work.A new expression is extracted from the damping ratio as a function of measurement error to determine the damping rate according to a desired measurement error value. Finally, a new capacitive accelerometer with improved parameters having many advantages over the existing accelerometers is obtained. Simulation and experimental results have enabled us to recommend a new capacitive accelerometer design with very low measurement error (limited to 0.25%), high accuracy (equal to 99.75%), high sensitivity and reliability, and low electrical energy consumption.
Characterization of a phospholipid‐regulated β‐galactosidase from Akkermansia muciniphila involved in mucin degradation
Authors: Kosciow Konrad , Deppenmeier Uwe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila is important for the human health as the occurrence of the organism is inversely correlated with different metabolic disorders. The metabolism of the organism includes the degradation of intestinal mucins. Thus, the gut health‐promoting properties are not immediately obvious and mechanisms of bacteria‐host interactions are mostly unclear. In this study, we characterized a novel extracellular β‐galactosidase (Amuc_1686) with a preference for linkages from the type Galβ1–3GalNAc. Additionally, Amuc_1686 possesses a discoidin‐like domain, which enables the interaction with anionic phospholipids. We detected a strong inhibition by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidic acid while phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine had no influence. Amuc_1686 is the first example of a prokaryotic hydrolase that is strongly inhibited by certain phospholipids. These inhibiting phospholipids have important signal functions in immune response and cell clearance processes. Hence, Amuc_1686 might be regulated based on the health status of the large intestine and could therefore contribute to the mutualistic relationship between the microbe and the host on a molecular level. In this sense, Amuc_1686 could act as an altruistic enzyme that does not attack the mucin layer of apoptotic epithelial cells to ensure tissue regeneration, for example, in areas with inflammatory damages.
Two Chinese Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients with partial growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Cheng Xinran , Tang Fang , Hu Xuyun , Li Hongduo , Li Mengting , Fu Yiyong , Yan Li , Li Zhonghui , Gou Peng , Su Na , Gong Chunzhu , He Weilan , Xiang Rong , Bu Dongmei , Shen Yiping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundHeterozygous mutations in the AT‐hook DNA‐binding motif containing one (AHDC1, OMIM * 615790) gene cause an autosomal dominant multisystem developmental disorder known as Xia‐Gibbs syndrome (OMIM #615829). Xia‐Gibbs syndrome typically presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnea, seizures, delayed myelination, micrognathia, and other mild dysmorphic features.MethodsDescription of the clinical materials of two Chinese boys who were diagnosed with Xia‐Gibbs syndrome based on clinical presentations and next generation sequencing. Review of clinical features and AHDC1 mutations in previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients together with our two new patients.ResultsThe Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients exhibited short stature, hypotonia, global developmental delay, speech delay, simian crease, and mild dysmorphic features. Next generation sequencing revealed de novo heterozygous variants in AHDC1 gene. In addition, laboratory test revealed partial growth hormone deficiency. Both patients underwent growth hormone replacement therapy for 24 and 9 months, respectively, and exhibited good response to the treatment.ConclusionThis is the first report of Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients to be treated with growth hormone. Review of previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patient indicated that short stature is a frequent feature of this condition, but its underlying cause needs to be further investigated.
Predicting Cytotoxicity and Enzymatic Activity of Diverse Chemicals Using Goldfish Scale Tissue and Topminnow Hepatoma Cell Line‐based Data
Authors: Kahraman Elif Nagihan , Saçan Melek Türker 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantitative structure‐toxicity relationship (QSTR) models were built for two in vitro endpoints: cytotoxicity and enzymatic activity of diverse chemicals to goldfish (Crassius auratus) scale tissue (GFS) and topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida) hepatoma cell line (PLHC‐1), respectively. The data sets were based on experimental cytotoxicity measured with uptake of 3‐amino‐7‐dimethylamino‐2‐methylphenazine hydrochloride dye (Neutral Red assay) representing lysosomal damage and enzymatic activity measured with Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) induction potency. The descriptors were calculated with DRAGON 6 and SPARTAN 10 software packages. Descriptor selection was made by ‘All Subset’ and Genetic Algorithm‐based features implemented in QSARINS software. The proposed QSTR models validated both internally and externally. Additionally, the QSTR models generated for cytotoxicity and EROD induction potency were used to predict the relevant endpoint values for external set chemicals with structural coverage of 95.0 % and 92.1 %, respectively. A strong correlation of experimental in vivo fish lethality data with predicted in vitro cytotoxicity and EROD induction potency values for external set chemicals was found. It was concluded that the proposed QSTR models might be useful to provide an initial screening and prioritization for these diverse chemicals. Also, regarding the strong correlations between predicted in vitro and experimental in vivo data, the use of QSTR predictions as an alternative to the acute fish toxicity assessment can be claimed.