bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of species limits of the South American mouse genus Oligoryzomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) using unilocus delimitation methods
Authors: Hurtado Natalí , D’Elía Guillermo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOligoryzomys, as currently understood is formed by 25 living species, is the most diverse genus of the tribe Oryzomyini of the New World subfamily Sigmodontinae of cricetid rodents. Nonetheless, the species richness of Oligoryzomys seems to be an underestimate, given some species complex has been proposed in previous studies, at the time that large geographic areas remain to be sampled, and several taxonomic forms have not been assessed with contemporary approaches. In this study, we present a new assessment of the species diversity of Oligoryzomys based on multiple unilocus species delimitation methods (ABGD, BPP, PTP, GMYC and b GMYC), using 665 cytb gene sequences as evidence (532 gathered from Genbank and 133 obtained in this study). We sampled representatives of almost all currently known species of Oligoryzomys, at the time that extending the geographic coverage to the Central Andes, a large area that was largely unrepresented in previous studies. Phylogenetic relationships, based on a non‐redundant alignment, were inferred via maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference; an ultrametric tree, used in species delimitation analyses, was obtained using multiple secondary calibration points. Results of species delimitation methods are discussed at the light of previous knowledge (e.g., taxonomic history and geographic provenance of samples in relation to type localities) and the morphological assessments of some specimens. Results of the distinct delimitation methods are mostly congruent, being BPP and PTP the most sensible to estimate species delimitation, allowing us to suggest that Oligoryzomys is composed of 30 lineages of species level. Of these, 22 correspond to forms currently considered species; some of these include in their synonymy some forms currently considered valid species (e.g., yatesi would be a synonym of longicaudatus). The remaining eight lineages are candidate species that need to be further evaluated. This study, by advancing taxonomic hypothesis that should be further tested in future studies, constitutes a stepping‐stone for upcoming taxonomic and biogeographic studies centred on Oligoryzomys.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of oestrogen mediate the sexual dimorphic response to lipid‐induced insulin resistance
Authors: Camporez João Paulo , Lyu Kun , Goldberg Emily L. , Zhang Dongyan , Cline Gary W. , Jurczak Michael J. , Dixit Vishwa Deep , Petersen Kitt Falk , Shulman Gerald I. 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Oestrogen has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in both human and rodent studies.
Insulin sensitivity is greater in premenopausal women compared with age‐matched men, and metabolism‐related cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are less frequent in these same women.
Both female and male mice treated with oestradiol are protected against obesity‐induced insulin resistance.
The protection against obesity‐induced insulin resistance is associated with reduced ectopic lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle.
These results were associated with increased insulin‐stimulated suppression of white adipose tissue lipolysis and reduced inflammation.
AbstractOestrogen has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in both human and rodent studies. Overall, females are protected against obesity‐induced insulin resistance; yet, the mechanisms responsible for this protection are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the underlying mechanism(s) by which female mice are protected against obesity‐induced insulin resistance compared with male mice. We studied male and female mice in age‐matched or body weight‐matched conditions. They were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or regular chow for 4 weeks. We also studied HFD male mice treated with oestradiol or vehicle. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol displayed increased whole‐body insulin sensitivity, associated with reduction in ectopic hepatic and muscle lipid content compared to HFD male mice. Reductions in ectopic lipid content in these mice were associated with increased insulin‐stimulated suppression of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol also displayed striking reductions in WAT inflammation, represented by reductions in plasma and adipose tissue tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 concentrations. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that HFD female mice are protected from obesity‐induced insulin resistance due to oestradiol‐mediated reductions in WAT inflammation, leading to improved insulin‐mediated suppression of WAT lipolysis and reduced ectopic lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle.
Dynamics of sleep oscillations is coupled to brain temperature on multiple scales
Authors: Csernai Márton , Borbély Sándor , Kocsis Kinga , Burka Dávid , Fekete Zoltán , Balogh Veronika , Káli Szabolcs , Emri Zsuzsa , Barthó Péter 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Sleep spindle frequency positively, duration negatively correlates with brain temperature.
Local heating of the thalamus produces similar effects in the heated area.
Thalamic network model corroborates temperature dependence of sleep spindle frequency.
Brain temperature shows spontaneous microfluctuations during both anesthesia and natural sleep.
Larger fluctuations are associated with epochs of REM sleep.
Smaller fluctuations correspond to the alteration of spindling and delta epochs of infra-slow oscillation.
AbstractEvery form of neural activity depends on temperature, yet its relationship to brain rhythms is poorly understood. In this work we examined how sleep spindles are influenced by changing brain temperatures and how brain temperature is influenced by sleep oscillations. We employed a novel thermoelectrode designed for measuring temperature while recording neural activity. We found that spindle frequency is positively correlated and duration negatively correlated with brain temperature. Local heating of the thalamus replicated the temperature dependence of spindle parameters in the heated area only, suggesting biophysical rather than global modulatory mechanisms, a finding also supported by a thalamic network model. Finally, we show that switches between oscillatory states also influence brain temperature on a shorter and smaller scale. Epochs of paradoxical sleep as well as the infra‐slow oscillation were associated with brain temperature fluctuations below 0.2°C. Our results highlight that brain temperature is massively intertwined with sleep oscillations on various time scales.
Increased Meal Frequency With Exercise Mitigates Postprandial Triacylglycerol
Authors: Menon Jesudas E. , Stensel David J. , Tolfrey Keith , Burns Stephen F. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This study examined how manipulating meal frequency, with and without exercise, affects postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG). Methods: Fourteen sedentary men completed four 2-day trials in a noncounterbalanced random cross-over order: (1) consumption of 1 large high-fat milkshake without exercise (1-CON), (2) consumption of 2 smaller high-fat milkshakes without exercise (2-CON), (3) consumption of 1 large high-fat milkshake with exercise (1-EX), and (4) consumption of 2 small high-fat milkshakes with exercise (2-EX)—total energy intake was standardized across trials. On day 1, participants rested (1-CON and 2-CON) or walked briskly for 60 minutes (1-EX and 2-EX). On day 2, participants consumed either a single large high-fat milkshake (75% fat; 1-CON and 1-EX) for breakfast or 2 smaller isoenergetic milkshakes (2-CON and 2-EX) for breakfast and lunch. Plasma TAG were measured fasting and for 7 hours after breakfast. Results: Peak incremental TAG was 30% lower on 2-EX than 1-CON (P = .04, d = 0.38). Postprandial TAG increased more rapidly in the first 4 hours in 1-CON than other trials; but at 6 hours, TAG was exaggerated in 2-CON compared with 1-CON. Conclusions: Increasing meal frequency after exercise, without altering overall fat intake, attenuates postprandial TAG.
Web and mobile-based technologies for monitoring high-risk pregnancies
Authors: Ayatollahi Haleh , Ghalandar Abadi Malihe , Hemmat Morteza 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionHigh-risk pregnancy is an illness in which there are severe complications and problems that may cause fetal loss and requires continuous care. It seems that using telemedicine technology is helpful to provide wider access to prenatal care. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility of using web-based and mobile-based technologies in caring for high-risk pregnancy.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study and the participants included midwives and gynaecologists who worked at teaching hospitals. The data were collected by using two five-point Likert scale questionnaires which were designed based on the literature review. The questionnaires included two main sections: demographic questions and questions related to five aspects of a feasibility study. Face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the experts and the reliability was checked by using the test-retest method. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsIn this study, 79 questionnaires were completed by 50 midwives (63.29%) and 29 gynaecologists (36.71%). Overall, midwives (p=0.001) and gynaecologists (p=0.003) believed that using mobile-based technologies was more feasible than using web-based technologies in caring for high-risk pregnancies.ConclusionIt seems that planning for the future technological direction and providing mobile-based applications should be taken into account and prioritised to improve the quality of prenatal care and to increase access to healthcare services for high-risk pregnancies.
Dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Elliott Jesse , Kelly Shannon E , Bai Zemin , Skidmore Becky , Boucher Michel , So Derek Y F , Wells George A 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is routinely given to patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting; however, there is ongoing debate about the optimal duration, especially in specific patient groups. In the proposed systematic review, we intend to assess the optimal duration of DAPT following PCI with stenting, with a focus on clinically relevant patient subgroups.Methods and analysisWe will perform a comprehensive search of the published literature for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the benefits and harms of extended DAPT (>12 months) compared with short-term DAPT (6–12 months) following PCI with stenting (bare metal or drug eluting). ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP will also be searched to identify ongoing and completed clinical trials. Two independent reviewers will select studies for inclusion, and the risk of bias will be assessed by use of Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool. The primary outcome of interest is death (all-cause, cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular). Secondary outcomes are bleeding (major, minor, gastrointestinal), urgent target vessel revascularisation, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke and stent thrombosis. Subgroup data will be sought for patients with prior myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome at presentation and diabetes, and based on smoking status and age group. Data will be analysed by random-effects meta-analysis, and separate analyses will be performed for patient subgroups. Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to investigate the effect of individual P2Y12 inhibitors at different DAPT durations longer than 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThis review will provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence of the benefits and harms associated with extending DAPT beyond 12 months following PCI with stenting and the effects on clinically important subgroups. The results of this review will inform clinical and policy decisions regarding the optimal treatment duration of DAPT following PCI with stenting.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO no. CRD42018082587
Association between the recurrence period of acute kidney injury and mortality: a single-centre retrospective observational study in Japan
Authors: Sako Keisuke , Furuichi Kengo , Yamamura Yuta , Oshima Megumi , Toyama Tadashi , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesRecurrent acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognised risk factor for mortality. However, it is unclear whether the period until AKI recurrence may have a major factor on patient outcome or not. To explore this issue, we (1) framed the hypothesis that early recurrence increases the risk of mortality and (2) evaluated the prognosis of recurrent AKI cases by setting 21 days as the cut-off period.MethodsAll studied cases were admitted and followed up at the Kanazawa University Hospital (Kanazawa, Japan) between 1 November 2006 and 31 October 2007. In total, 21 939 patients were retrospectively evaluated in their recurrences of AKI for 2 years and followed up until 31 October 2016. Risks for death were evaluated by the recurrences of AKI (Analysis 1). Patients who developed AKI recurrence before 21 days were defined as the early-recurrence group and the remaining cases as the late-recurrence group. Risks for death were evaluated by the two groups (Analysis 2).Results510 patients (2.3%) developed the first AKI. Of these, 151 developed recurrent AKI within 2 years. The number of early-recurrence cases was 44 and that of non-recurrence or late-recurrence was 357. A total of 196 cases (38.4%) died, and higher risk for death was observed in the recurrent AKI group (Analysis 1; p=0.015, log-rank test). We found that the rate of all-cause mortality was higher in the early-recurrence group involving 33.8 deaths per 100 person-years, whereas the non-recurrence or late-recurrence group included only 6.2 deaths per 100 person-years (Analysis 2; p<0.001, log-rank test).ConclusionsPatients experiencing recurrent AKI before 21 days from the first AKI clearly showed a relatively poor prognosis. Evidently, careful follow-up for at least 21 days after AKI would be highly useful to detect a recurrence event, possibly leading to a better prognosis after AKI.
Understanding of and perceptions towards cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: a qualitative study among residents of urban informal settings in Nairobi
Authors: Wekesah Frederick Murunga , Kyobutungi Catherine , Grobbee Diederick E , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe study explored the understanding of and perception towards cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, and how they influence prevention and development of the conditions, care-seeking and adhering to treatment.SettingInformal settlements of Nairobi.ParticipantsNine focus group discussions consisting of between six and eight purposively sampled participants were conducted among healthy individuals aged 20 years or older. A total of 65 participants (41 female) were involved.ResultsPoverty, ignorance and illiteracy promoted behaviours like smoking, (harmful) alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, implicated in the development of obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Some respondents could not see the link between behavioural risk factors with diabetes, hypertension and stroke and heart attacks. Contaminated food items consumed by the residents and familial inheritance were factors that caused CVD, whereas emotional stress from constant worry was linked to hypertension, stroke and heart attacks. Few and inadequately equipped public health facilities were hindrances to treatment seeking and adherence to treatment for CVD conditions. Lack of medication in public health facilities was considered to be the single most important barrier to adherence to treatment next to lack of family support among older patients.ConclusionInterventions to prevent and manage CVD in low-resource and urban poor settings should consider perceptions and understanding of risk factors for CVD, and the interrelationships among them while accounting for cultural and contextual issues for example, stigma and disregard for conventional medicine. Programmes should be informed by locally generated evidence on awareness and opportunities for CVD care, coupled with effective risk communication through healthcare providers. Screening for and treatment of CVD must address perceptions such as prohibitive cost of healthcare. Finally, social determinants of disease and health, mainly poverty and illiteracy, which are implicated in addressing CVD in low-resource settings, should be addressed.
Assessing the knowledge, perception and practices of physicians and pharmacists towards medication reconciliation in Kuwait governmental hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lemay Jacinthe , Bayoud Tania , Husain Hajer , Sharma Prem 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge, perception and practices towards medication reconciliation (MedRec) and its related institutional policies among physicians and pharmacists in governmental hospitals in Kuwait and identifying potential obstacles that prevent the successful implementation of MedRec.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingSix governmental hospitals across Kuwait in January–May 2017.Participants351 physicians and 214 pharmacists.Brief interventionA self-administered questionnaire distributed to the participants.Main outcome measuresKnowledge, perception, attitudes and practices of hospital physicians and pharmacists towards MedRec, and major barriers to implementing a MedRec process in their institution/department.ResultsOf the 739 questionnaires distributed, 565 were completed (351 physicians and 214 pharmacists), giving a response rate of 76.5%. Results showed that most participants were familiar with the term MedRec (n=419; 75.2%) with significantly more pharmacists compared with physicians (n=171; 81.8% vs n=248; 71.3%; p=0.005). Most participants (n=432; 80.0%) reported perceiving MedRec as a valuable process for patient safety. However, significantly more physicians compared with pharmacists were aware of a MedRec policy in their institution (n=195; 55.9% vs n=78; 37.9%; p<0.001) and routinely asked patients about their current list of medication on arrival (n=339; 96.6% vs n=129; 61.1%; p<0.001) and provided an updated list on discharge (n=281; 80.1% vs n=107; 52.0%; p<0.001). These results are supported by the findings that participants perceived physicians as providers, mainly responsible for various steps of MedRec.ConclusionsOverall, this study showed low awareness among physicians and pharmacists of hospital policy despite MedRec being perceived as valuable. Physicians were the providers most responsible and involved in MedRec, who may be driven by the policy putting them at core of the process. The current findings could pave the way for the expansion of the existing MedRec policies and processes in Kuwait to include pharmacists and improve patient safety.
For debate: advanced bleeding control potentially saves lives in armed forces and should be considered
Authors: Borger van der Burg Boudewijn L S , Keijzers P , van Dongen T T C F , van Waes O J F , Hoencamp R 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAdvanced bleeding control options for truncal and junctional haemorrhage including resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) have been used in managing catastrophic bleeding. The primary aim is to report on potential indications for advanced bleeding control in combat casualties during the Dutch deployment in Uruzgan, Afghanistan, between August 2006 and August 2010. The secondary aim is to report on training methods for advanced bleeding control in (para)medical personnel.MethodsThe trauma registry from the Dutch role 2 enhanced medical treatment facility at Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan, Afghanistan, was used to analyse patients who sustained a battle injury with major haemorrhage. Furthermore, a comprehensive search was performed on training (para)medical personnel in advanced bleeding control.ResultsThere were 212 possible indications for advanced bleeding control with mortality of 28.8% (61/212). These possible indications consisted of 1.9% (4/212) junctional lower extremity injuries with a 75% (3/4) mortality rate, 59% (125/212) visceral vascular injuries with a mortality rate of 12.5% (26/125). The junctional and visceral injuries (n=129) were all potential indications for advanced bleeding control options, such as REBOA. Further 39.2% (83/212) casualties with central thoracic or neck injuries had a mortality rate of 38.6% (32/83). Based on an Abbreviated Injury Scale chest or abdomen score ≥461 indications for advanced bleeding control were identified. A 24-hour average of 8.8 packets of red blood cells, 4.2 packets of plasma and 1.9 packets of platelets was used to prevent exsanguination. The total out-of-hospital survival rate was 64% (39/61).ConclusionRetrospective analysis revealed 212 potential indications for advanced bleeding control with a mortality of 28.8% (61/212). Advanced bleeding control, such as REBOA, might have improved survival in approximately 61 of 212 casualties. Advanced bleeding control could be used as an adjunct to improve outcomes in major truncal or junctional haemorrhage in prehospital, remote settings and implementation should be considered. Vascular access training and REBOA placement for (para)medical military personnel should be explored in future research.
Observing Exoplanets in the Near-Infrared from a High Altitude Balloon Platform
Authors: Nagler Peter C. , Edwards Billy , Kilpatrick Brian , Lewis Nikole K. , Maxted Pierre , Netterfield C. Barth , Parmentier Vivien , Pascale Enzo , Sarkar Subhajit , Tucker Gregory S. , Waldmann Ingo 
Published: June 2019

Although there exists a large sample of known exoplanets, little data exists that can be used to study their global atmospheric properties. This deficiency can be addressed by performing phase-resolved spectroscopy — continuous spectroscopic observations of a planet’s entire orbit about its host star — of transiting exoplanets. Planets with characteristics suitable for atmospheric characterization have orbits of several days, thus phase curve observations are highly resource intensive, especially for shared use facilities. In this work, we show that an infrared spectrograph operating from a high altitude balloon platform can perform phase-resolved spectroscopy of hot Jupiter-type exoplanets with performance comparable to a space-based telescope. Using the EXoplanet Climate Infrared TElescope (EXCITE) experiment as an example, we quantify the impact of the most important systematic effects that we expect to encounter from a balloon platform. We show an instrument like EXCITE will have the stability and sensitivity to significantly advance our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. Such an instrument will both complement and serve as a critical bridge between current and future space-based near-infrared spectroscopic instruments.