bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Happens after Kasai for Biliary Atresia? A European Multicenter Survey
Authors: Wong Zeng , Davenport Mark 
Published: August 2018

Aim Biliary atresia (BA) remains a rare disease in Europe with an estimated incidence of 1 in 15–20,000 livebirths. While the Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is regarded as the standard operation for BA, there is no consensus on optimum adjuvant therapy. We sought to determine the variation in therapy and opinion in centers known to have an interest in pediatric hepatobiliary surgery across Europe.
Methods A survey of current pre- and postoperative practice was circulated to surgeons and centers known to have an interest in BA. Data are quoted as median (range).
Results There were 19 completed center forms from 12 different countries. Annual (new) caseload varied with 10 centers reported seeing ≤5 patients/year and 4 centers >15 patients/year. The distribution of BA variants was isolated BA (80 [60–100]%), syndromic BA (10 [3–35]%), cystic BA (5 [1–15]%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive BA (5 [0–15]% (CMV serology only formally tested in 16 centers). The commonest age group at KPE was 51 to 60 days (n = 8). All centers performed an exclusively open KPE, although one used laparoscopy for diagnosis. A steroid-based postoperative regimen was used in 11/19 (58%) centers, but with marked variation in dose and duration. Commonest perioperative antibiotics were a combination of piperacillin-tazocin (n = 7) and gentamicin (n = 8). Oral prophylactic antibiotics, with varying duration (4–52 weeks) were used in 13/19 (68%) centers. If CMV serology was positive, seven centers would treat with specific antiviral therapy. Other postoperative medication included ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (n = 19), phenobarbitone (n = 4), and cholestyramine (n = 2). Self-declared clearance of jaundice in centers varied from 30 to 40% (n = 3) to > 60% (n = 5).
Conclusion All surveyed European centers continue to perform an exclusively open KPE, but there is no consensus on a standard adjuvant drug regimen. Self-declared outcome post-KPE also appears to be variable though the reasons are obscure.
Infants Born to Mothers with Clinical Chorioamnionitis: A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator and Prolonged Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Ayrapetyan Marina , Carola David , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Bhandari Vineet , Aghai Zubair 
Published: August 2018

Objective To evaluate variations in practice for the management of neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis.
Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional survey consisting of 10 multiple choice questionnaires distributed to 2,900 members of the Perinatal Section of American Academy of Pediatrics. Variations in responses were assessed and compared between the various groups.
Results A total of 682 members (23.5%) completed the survey; 169 (24.8%) indicated that they use the neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk calculator for the management of neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis. More respondents from the western region of United States and level III units are using the EOS risk calculator compared with the south and level II units. Approximately 44% of the respondents indicated that they will not stop antibiotics at 48 to 72 hours in asymptomatic neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis with negative blood culture if the complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are abnormal.
Conclusion A large number of practitioners are using the neonatal EOS risk calculator for neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis. Despite a clear guideline from the Committee on Fetus and Newborn, almost 44% will treat healthy-appearing neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis with a prolonged course of antibiotics solely for abnormal CBC or CRP.
10 Years' Experience in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Pradhan Akhilesh , Patel Radhika , Said A. , Upadhyaya Manasvi 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is uncommon in children. Diagnosis of the condition is almost always clinical and supported by histology. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of children undergoing circumcision for BXO and explore the correlation between surgical and histological findings.
Materials and Methods A 10-year retrospective review (2007–2017) of all children, aged 16 and less, undergoing circumcision at a tertiary teaching hospital was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.
Results BXO occurred in 91/1025 (8.9%) children. The highest incidence of BXO was in the 5 to 10 age group (13.3%; p < 0.0001). The commonest symptom was foreskin scarring (62.6%). Intraoperatively, involvement of foreskin alone was seen in 26.4%, foreskin and meatus in 47.2%, and foreskin, meatus, and glans in 26.4%. Preoperatively, 24.2% of patients were prescribed steroid cream. Histologically, all patients showed microscopic changes confirming BXO. A total of 87.9% of patients only had a circumcision, and 11% required a meatal procedure along with the circumcision. Postoperatively, 19.8% of patients required a further procedure after an average duration of 5.8 months (range: 2–12 months); the majority of whom (83.3%) were prescribed postoperative steroid cream.
Conclusion Clinical correlation by surgeons has a high degree of accuracy (>90%). Meatal involvement is more common than previously reported. The use of pre- or postoperative steroids does not obviate the need for further surgical procedures. Patients can have recurrent symptoms 1 year following surgery, and prolonged follow-up is necessary.
Cervical Ripening Using Foley Balloon with or without Oxytocin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gallagher Lauren , Gardner Benjamin , Rahman Mahbubur , Schoen Corina , Connolly Katherine , Hankins Gary , Saade George , Saad Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Objective To assess available evidence regarding the use of oxytocin in conjunction with Foley balloon (FB) for cervical ripening.
Methods Databases from MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1980—May 12, 2017), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1980—June 30, 2017), the Cochrane Library Controlled Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science were queried for studies on FB cervical ripening with or without oxytocin in pregnant women. Search terms included: “balloon dilatation” OR “mechanical methods” OR “mechanical method” OR “mechanical dilation” OR “mechanical dilatation” OR “mechanical dilations” OR “mechanical dilatations” OR “balloon” OR “Foley” AND “Pitocin” OR “oxytocin.” All relevant references were reviewed. Literature for inclusion and methodological quality were reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.
Results Out of 344 citations, six randomized clinical trials (1,133 patients) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled estimate showed that the cesarean delivery (CD) rate did not differ (relative risk [RR]: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.76–1.10]; p = 0.23) between patients who underwent preinduction cervical ripening with FB alone versus those who received oxytocin in addition to FB. Heterogeneity was not significant among studies (I
2 0.0%; p = 0.64). Furthermore, no differences in other outcomes such as composite and maternal outcomes were detected between these two groups. Compared with simultaneous use of oxytocin with FB, the Foley alone cervical ripening group had a longer induction to delivery time, and lower deliveries within 12 and 24 hours. Subgroup analysis showed that only multiparous women in the Foley alone group had lower rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours (RR: 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89], p = 0.002) along with a trend toward higher CD rates.
Conclusion Adding oxytocin to FB at the time of preinduction cervical ripening does not reduce cesarean rates nor improve maternal or neonatal outcomes. Multiparous women who received FB alone seem to have lower rates of vaginal deliveries within 24 hours, but these results should be interpreted with caution.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Vasa Previa: Outpatient versus Inpatient Management
Authors: Sibai Baha , Ilan Hadas , Katz Sharon , Schushan Eisen Irit , Kassif Eran , Yoeli Rakefet , Yinon Yoav , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Fishel Bartal Michal 
Published: August 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome of two different management strategies: outpatient versus inpatient in women with prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center. Women with a prenatally diagnosed vasa previa between January 2007 and June 2017 were included. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between two management strategies: elective admission at 34 weeks of gestation or outpatient management unless there were signs of labor or premature contractions.
Results A total of 109 women met the inclusion criteria: 75 (68.8%) women in the inpatient group and 34 (31.2%) in the outpatient group. Women in the inpatient group were more likely to receive antenatal steroids (57.3 vs. 26.4%, p = 0.002) and were less likely to have an urgent cesarean section (34.6 vs. 58.8%, respectively, p < 0.001) compared with outpatient group. There was no difference in the rate of neonatal complications (inpatient: 64.6% vs. outpatient: 52.7%, p = 0.27) or neonatal anemia requiring transfusion (2.7 vs. 5.8%, respectively, p = 0.5) between the groups.
Conclusion The rate of elective cesarean section and exposure to antenatal steroids was higher in patients with vasa previa who were admitted electively at 34 weeks of gestation compared with patients who were managed as outpatient.
Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment of Carbon Nanostructures on the Hydrogen Sorption
Authors: Dolbin A. V. , Vinnikov N. A. , Esel’son V. B. , Gavrilko V. G. , Basnukaeva R. M. , Khlistyuck M. V. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Meleshko V. V. , Rezinkin O. L. , Rezinkina M. M. 
Published: August 2018

Using X-ray diffraction and thermo-programmed desorption, the present study investigated the effect of treatment with pulsed high-frequency discharge in a hydrogen environment on the structure and sorption characteristics of the carbon synthetic nanoporous sorbent SCN (spherical carbonite saturated). Treatment with SCN by a pulsed gas discharge led to chemisorption of 0.4% hydrogen by weight, as well as 1.7 times greater physical sorption of hydrogen. We can assume this increase in sorption capacity is due to changes in the equivalent pore sizes that result from chemical interaction of the carbon atoms of SCN with hydrogen ionized during the discharge process.
PACS: 61.43.Gt Powders; porous materials; 52.77.–j Plasma applications; 88.30.R– Hydrogen storage.
Income inequality not gender inequality positively covaries with female sexualization on social media
Authors: Blake Khandis R. , Bastian Brock , Denson Thomas F. , Grosjean Pauline , Brooks Robert C. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Female sexualization is increasing, and scholars are divided on whether this trend reflects a form of gendered oppression or an expression of female competitiveness. Here, we proxy local status competition with income inequality, showing that female sexualization and physical appearance enhancement are most prevalent in environments that are economically unequal. We found no association with gender oppression. Exploratory analyses show that the association between economic inequality and sexualization is stronger in developed nations. Our findings have important implications: Sexualization manifests in response to economic conditions but does not covary with female subordination. These results raise the possibility that sexualization may be a marker of social climbing among women that track the degree of status competition in the local environment.
Control of the hierarchical self-assembly of polyoxometalate-based metallomacrocycles by redox trigger and solvent composition
Authors: Piot Madeleine , Abécassis Benjamin , Brouri Dalil , Troufflard Claire , Proust Anna , Izzet Guillaume 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Hierarchical self-assembly is a powerful route allowing the elaboration of complex supramolecular architectures with emergent structuration or properties. Starting from well-defined molecular building units, this synthetic strategy relies on the construction of a preassembled structural motif that can further self-assemble through additional noncovalent interactions. In this context, we developed a system based on a covalent organic–inorganic polyoxometalate hybrid building block combining metal-driven self-assembly and electrostatic interactions. We herein show that in this system, the supramolecular organization can be controlled by a redox stimulus and/or the solvent composition giving rise to various types of nanoarchitectures from discrete metallomacrocycles to 1D worm-like nanoobjects.
The inverse problem of magnetorelaxometry imaging
Authors: Föcke Lea , Baumgarten Daniel , Burger Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a solid mathematical discussion of the inverse problem in magnetorelaxometry imaging (MRXI), a currently developed technique for quantitative biomedical imaging using magnetic nanoparticles. We provide a detailed discussion of the mathematical modeling of the forward problems including possible ways to magnetically activate the particles and measure its magnetic response, leading to a severely ill-posed linear inverse problem. Moreover, we formulate an idealized version of the inverse problem for infinitesimal small activation coils, which allows for a more detailed analysis of uniqueness issues.We propose a variational regularization approach to compute stable approximations of the solution and discuss its discretization and numerical solution. Results on synthetic data are presented and improvements to methods used previously in practice are demonstrated.
Detecting Large Simple Rational Hecke Modules for Γ0(N) via Congruences
Authors: Lipnowski Michael , Schaeffer George J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We describe a novel method for bounding the dimension $d$ of the largest simple Hecke submodule of $S_{2}(\Gamma _{0}(N);\mathbb{Q})$ from below. Such bounds are of interest because of their relevance to the structure of $J_{0}(N)$, for instance. In contrast with previous results of this kind, our bound does not rely on the equidistribution of Hecke eigenvalues. Instead, it is obtained via a Hecke-compatible congruence between the target space and a space of modular forms whose Hecke eigenvalues are easily controlled. We prove conditional bounds, the strongest of which is $d\gg _{\epsilon } N^{1/2-\epsilon }$ over a large set of primes $N$, contingent on Soundararajan’s heuristics for the class number problem and Artin’s conjecture on primitive roots. For prime levels $N\equiv 7\mod 8,$ our method yields an unconditional bound of $d\geq \log _{2}\log _{2}(\frac{N}{8})$, which is larger than the known bound of $d\gg \sqrt{\log \log N}$ due to Murty–Sinha and Royer. A stronger unconditional bound of $d\gg \log N$ can be obtained in more specialized (but infinitely many) cases. We also propose a number of Maeda-style conjectures based on our data, and we outline a possible congruence-based approach toward the conjectural Hecke simplicity of $S_{k}(\textrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z});\mathbb{Q})$.
Does Science Fiction Affect Political Fact? Yes and No: A Survey Experiment on “Killer Robots”
Authors: Young Kevin L , Carpenter Charli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSome scholars suggest popular culture shapes public attitudes about foreign policy in ways that can affect real-world political outcomes, but relatively few studies test this proposition. We examine whether—and more importantly how—popular culture affects public opinion on foreign policy through a survey experiment on American attitudes toward fully autonomous weapons. We queried respondents about their consumption of popular culture—including a number of iconic science-fiction films featuring armed artificial intelligence (AI)—before or after questions about autonomous weapons. We find that science fiction “priming” exerts no independent effect on political attitudes, nor does referring to autonomous weapons as “killer robots.” However, consumption of frightening armed AI films is associated with greater opposition to autonomous weapons. This “sci-fi literacy” effect increases for the highest consumers of science fiction if they are “primed” about popular culture before reporting their attitudes—what we call the “sci-fi geek effect.” Our project advances current understanding of how popular culture affects public opinion on foreign policy and suggests avenues for further inquiry.
Aging of the immune system causes reductions in muscle stem cell populations, promotes their shift to a fibrogenic phenotype, and modulates sarcopenia
Authors: Wang Ying , Wehling-Henricks Michelle , Welc Steven S. , Fisher Allison L. , Zuo Qun , Tidball James G. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAging is associated with diminished muscle mass, reductions in muscle stem cell functions, and increased muscle fibrosis. The immune system, especially macrophages, can have important roles in modulating muscle growth and regeneration, suggesting that the immune system may also have significant influences on muscle aging. Moreover, the immune system experiences changes in function during senescence, suggesting that regulatory interaction between muscle cells and the immune system may also change during aging. In this study, we performed bone marrow transplantations between age‐mismatched donor and recipient mice to test the influence of the age of the immune system on muscle aging. Transplantation of young bone marrow cells into old recipients prevented sarcopenia and prevented age‐related change in muscle fiber phenotype. Transplantation of old bone marrow cells into young animals reduced satellite cell numbers and promoted satellite cells to switch toward a fibrogenic phenotype. We also demonstrated that conditioned media from young, but not old, bone marrow cells promoted myoblast proliferation in vitro, and we found that factors released by young bone marrow cells were more supportive of myotube differentiation in vitro. Together, our results demonstrate that aging of bone marrow cells promotes the age‐related reduction of satellite cell number and function and contributes to sarcopenia.—Wang, Y., Wehling‐Henricks, M., Welc, S. S., Fisher, A. L., Zuo, Q., Tidball, J. G. Aging of the immune system causes reductions in muscle stem cell populations, promotes their shift to a fibrogenic phenotype, and modulates sarcopenia. FASEB J. 33, 1415–1427 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Potent anti‐inflammatory properties of HDL in vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by HDL‐S1P and their impairment in coronary artery disease due to lower HDL‐S1P: a new aspect of HDL dysfunction and its therapy
Authors: Keul Petra , Polzin Amin , Kaiser Klaus , Gräler Markus , Dannenberg Lisa , Daum Günter , Heusch Gerd , Levkau Bodo 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTDysfunctional HDL is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its effect on inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis is unknown. We investigated the effect of healthy human HDL and CAD‐HDL on TNF‐α–driven inflammation in VSMCs and examined whether HDL‐associated sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (HDL‐S1P) could modulate inflammation with the aim of designing novel HDL‐based anti‐inflammatory strategies. Healthy human HDL, human CAD‐HDL, and mouse HDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation, S1P was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and TNF‐α–induced inflammation was characterized by gene expression and analysis of NF‐κB–dependent signaling. Mechanisms of S1P interference with TNF‐α were assessed by S1P receptor antagonists, mouse knockouts, and short interfering RNA. We observed that healthy HDL potently inhibited the induction of TNF‐α‐stimulated inflammatory genes, such as iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a process that was entirely dependent on HDL‐S1P, as evidenced by loss‐of‐function using S1P‐less HDL and mimicked by genuine S1P. Inhibition was based on suppression of TNF‐α–activated Akt signaling resulting in reduced IkBαSer32 and p65Ser534 NF‐κB phosphorylation based on a persistent phosphatase and tensin homolog activation by S1P through the S1P receptor 2. Intriguingly, S1P suppressed inflammation even hours after initial TNF‐α stimulation. The anti‐inflammatory effect of healthy HDL correlated with HDL‐S1P content and was superior to that of CAD‐HDL featuring lower HDL‐S1P. Nevertheless, therapeutic loading of HDL with S1P completely restored the antiinflammatory capacity of CAD‐HDL and greatly boosted that of both healthy and CAD‐HDL. Suppression of inflammation by HDL‐S1P defines a novel pathophysiologic characteristic that distinguishes functional from dysfunctional HDL. The anti‐inflammatory HDL function can be boosted by S1P‐loading and exploited by S1P receptor‐targeting to prevent and even turn off ongoing inflammation.—Keul, P., Polzin, A., Kaiser, K., Gräler, M., Dannenberg, L., Daum, G., Heusch, G., Levkau, B. Potent anti‐inflammatory properties of HDL in vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by HDL‐S1P and their impairment in coronary artery disease due to lower HDL‐S1P: a new aspect of HDL dysfunction and its therapy. FASEB J. 33, 1482–1495 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Timing of Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration and Survival in Extremely Preterm Infants: A National Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Norberg H. , Kowalski J. , Marsal K. , Norman M. 
Published: August 2018

(BJOG 2017;124:1567–1574)
Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) treatment is recommended for all women who are at risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks’ gestation and reduces neonatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and other adverse events in preterm infants. Data regarding the effects of ACS on extremely preterm infants is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the administration-to-birth time interval on survival in extremely preterm infants.
Neonatal Effects after Vasopressor During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Uerpairojkit K. , Anusorntanawat R. , Sirisabya A. , Chaichalothorn M. , Charuluxananana S. 
Published: August 2018

(Int J Obstet Anesth 2017;32:41–47)
Hypotension is common in woman receiving spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and can adversely affect uteroplacental perfusion. While phenylephrine is now generally considered the vasopressor of choice for treatment of spinal-induced hypotension, ephedrine is also still frequently used in certain situations, such as in the setting of maternal bradycardia. Although these drugs are commonly administered during cesarean delivery, there are limited data about their effects on the neonate. This current multicenter, randomized controlled study compared the effects of ephedrine and phenylephrine on neonatal vital signs and blood glucose concentrations shortly after cesarean delivery.
Association Between Intrapartum Magnesium Administration and the Incidence of Maternal Fever: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lange E.M.S. , Segal S. , Pancaro C. , Wong C.A. , Grobman W.A. , Russell G.B. , Toledo P. 
Published: August 2018

(Anesthesiology. 2017;127:942–952)
Maternal fever is associated with neonatal seizures, cerebral palsy, hypotonia, and other adverse neonatal outcomes; it complicates up to one third of all labors. Increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been observed in maternal fever, in both inflammatory and infectious etiologies. In animals, magnesium sulfate has suppressed IL-6 induced maternal fevers and is used in humans to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in infants. This study aimed to investigate the association between intrapartum maternal fever and maternal magnesium administration.