bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Static and Dynamic Effects of Capital Factors on the Social Adaptation of Chinese Migrant Workers
Authors: Shen Suyan , Xue Mengying , Chen Zhe , Li Fang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe large influx of migrant workers from rural to urban areas indicates that their social adaptation is an important issue in understanding China's urbanization. This article uses Coleman's capital theory to analyse data from the 2012 and 2014 China Labour Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS), conducting a multiple linear regression model to study migrants’ economic, living and cultural adaptations. The results are determined through analysis of the static and dynamic effects of different capital factors. The static analysis results show that social adaptation can be improved by increasing the accumulation of various types of capital, while the dynamic analysis results show that social adaptation is a dynamic process. Optimizing the allocation of the corresponding capital elements can speed up migrant workers’ social adaptation. Therefore, the government must prioritize measures to improve and optimize migrant workers’ capital factors and promote their social adaptation, which will in turn accelerate urbanization in China.
Moral Hazard, Agency Cost, and Firm Growth
Authors: Li Rui , Wang Mengying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe study how the agency cost implied by the moral hazard problem in a firm dynamics model affects the life cycle growth pattern of firms. In the early stage of a firm's growth, the agency cost restricts the firm's capital input and diminishes over time, so that the firm's growth is driven by efficiency improvements and an exogenous progress in productivity. In the long run, when the firm loses its potential to improve efficiency, growth is driven only by the progress in productivity. As a result of this growth mechanism, consistent with the data, the growth rate and its volatility, as well as Tobin's Q, decrease with age and size. Moreover, the cross‐sectional distributions of firm size and managerial compensation obey a power law, as they do in the data. In addition, the model provides novel implications for how the characteristics of the production technology and the preferences of the economic agents affect the growth pattern of firms, and these implications are potentially testable.
Revitalising Traditional Street Markets in Rural Korea: Design Thinking and Sense‐Making Methodology
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Kyung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article reports on an academic–industrial cooperation between students at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology and a local foundation working to revitalise the Eonyang traditional market in Ulsan, South Korea. Students majoring in disciplines ranging from natural and applied sciences to business administration were introduced to design thinking, the double diamond model, and sense‐making as frameworks for generating creative outcomes. Those outcomes included media, signage and packaging, a display stand, an accessory for hikers, an artistic reinterpretation of the traditional store shutter, the design for a guesthouse and new packaging for locally produced products. Students presented their ideas at a public exhibition as team projects that involved 3D printing, CAD, Web‐design, graphic design and motion‐picture editing tools. The study reveals that students learn more effectively when pedagogy emphasises active learning and on‐site observation through design‐based integrated education. Its qualitative research involved interviews in which students experienced how design thinking methodology can transform a local economy. The methods reveal a new educational model centred upon creative and applied learning.
Agency and Social Construction: Practice of the Self in Art and Design
Authors: Matthews Miranda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLearning in the arts has the potential to be a co‐constructive means of inquiry for students, which enables experience of the self in relation to practice. This research explores a practice‐based investigation of agency as self‐definition, amid normative social constructions of the subject. The focus for data analysis is a project taught to BTEC Level 2 Art and Design students in a deprived area of North London (2010–12). A dialogue is presented between the implications for Sartre's theory of free‐will and a Foucauldian critique of social construction. Applications for this comparative theory are discussed here as a form of resistance to the compression of learning identities in art and design, and across the curriculum. This is an approach which encourages emancipated self‐representation, acknowledging cultural diversity, for a discursive environment viable at all levels of study. In exploring the data, a positioning of free‐will with social responsibility is identified as an inclusive forum for creative understanding, and the tolerance of difference.
Population development of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips hawaiiensis in constant and fluctuating temperatures
Authors: Cao Yu , Yang Hong , Li Jun , Zhang Guozhou , Wang Yawei , Li Can , Gao Yulin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTemperature fluctuations may influence the behaviour of insects. Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips hawaiiensis are sympatric pests on flower and vegetable host plants in China. This study evaluated the influence of constant (23.0°C) and fluctuating temperatures (average of 23.0°C) on the population development of these two species. The results showed that both of these pests showed faster development and higher fecundity at a constant temperature than at fluctuating temperatures when fed on Rosa rugosa flowers, and F. occidentalis showed faster development and higher fecundity than T. hawaiiensis under both conditions. Under the constant and fluctuating temperatures, the development times from egg to adult were 9.57 and 10.62 day for F. occidentalis and 10.71 and 11.82 day for T. hawaiiensis, respectively. The total numbers of first instar nymph produced were 103.08 and 86.32 by F. occidentalis, 86.96 and 73.32 by T. hawaiiensis, under the constant and fluctuating temperatures, respectively, and a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) (0.173 and 0.160) and R0 (46.31 and 36.86) were obtained in F. occidentalis compared with T. hawaiiensis (rm for 0.154 and 0.141 and R0 for 34.46 and 27.81, respectively). Our results indicate that the constant temperature had a positive effect on the population development of both F. occidentalis and T. hawaiiensis. Furthermore, F. occidentalis showed a stronger adaptability over T. hawaiiensis at both constant and fluctuating temperatures, according to its faster development and higher fecundity. These results may contribute to the better understanding of the biology of different thrip species, especially the interspecific competition between invasive and native thrips under the changing environment. These findings also provide basic data for the thrip pests control by using fluctuating temperatures.
Association Between Subclinical Brain Infarcts and Functional Decline Trajectories
Authors: Dhamoon Mandip S. , Cheung Ying‐Kuen , DeRosa Janet T. , Gutierrez Jose , Moon Yeseon P. , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Wright Clinton B. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo test associations between subclinical brain infarcts (SBIs) and functional decline independently of intervening clinical vascular events and other vascular risk factors.DesignLongitudinal follow‐up for a mean 7.3 years. Generalized estimating equation models were used to test associations between SBIs, number of perivascular spaces (PVSs), baseline Barthel Index (BI), and change in BI, adjusting for sociodemographic, vascular, and cognitive risk factors and for stroke and myocardial infarction occurring during follow‐up.SettingPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.ParticipantsStroke‐free individuals from the racially and ethnically diverse Northern Manhattan Study (N=1,290).MeasurementsAnnual functional assessments using the BI (range 0–100).ResultsMean age was 70.6 ± 9.0, 40% of participants were male, 66% were Hispanic, 193 (16%) had SBIs, and 508 (42%) had large PVSs. SBIs were not associated with baseline BI. In a fully adjusted model, there was a change in BI of –0.85 points per year (95% confidence interval (CI)=–1.01 to –0.69); those with SBI had an additional change in BI 0f –0.88 points (95% CI=–1.43 to –0.32). There were no associations between PVS and baseline BI or change in BI.ConclusionIn a large population‐based study, we found a strong and independent association between “subclinical” markers of cerebrovascular injury and important clinical, person‐centered functional trajectories. Future research could clarify the evolution of such subclinical markers over time and test strategies to prevent their progression and minimize related disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2144–2150, 2018.
‘There is such a thing as too healthy!’ The impact of minimum nutritional guidelines on school food practices in secondary schools
Authors: Addis S. , Murphy S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPressure to improve school meals has resulted in stringent nutritional guidelines across the UK. In Wales, the ‘Appetite for Life’ guidelines of 2008 resulted in significant changes to the provision of food in Welsh schools. Although evaluation of these changes has focussed on nutritional quality, there is little evidence of how pupils perceive these changes and their impact on school food practices. Using a Collective Lifestyles approach, the present study reports how secondary school pupils perceive and negotiate menu changes and the implications for lunchtime practices.MethodsSeven focus groups (52 pupils) were undertaken in four secondary schools within one local authority in Wales. Participatory techniques were used to facilitate discussion, and the focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using a framework approach. Analysis was underpinned by a Collective Lifestyles approach, which provides a framework to understand behaviour in context using three domains: (i) patterns of consumption; (ii) the construction and maintenance of identity; and (iii) power relationships.ResultsPupils reported that the new menus were unpopular in terms of content and meal type; the preference was for portable and snack style foods. In terms of power relationships, pupils’ ability to negotiate within the school setting was constrained by the institutional nature of school dining. As a result, pupils tended to opt out of school food provision, accessing alternatives where possible.ConclusionsThe development of the healthy eating agenda within the school setting needs to consider the complexities of adolescent consumption preferences, identities and social networks if they are to be successful.
Calculations of second harmonic generation with radially polarized excitations by elliptical mirror focusing
Authors: WANG W. , WU B. , LIU P. , LIU J. , TAN J. 
Published: September 2018

SummarySecond harmonic generation (SHG) polarization intensity distribution illuminated with radially polarized beams by lens focusing appears two peaks, when the nonlinear optical coefficients dominate that is relevant to the transverse electric field components. Such two peaks pattern may result in ghosting and the decrement of imaging resolution. In this paper, an elliptical mirror based system is proposed in the case of radially polarized beams illumination for SHG. The calculated predictions and numerical simulations demonstrate that for radially polarized beams, the proportion of transverse field components at the focal plane under the condition of elliptical mirror focusing is 2.6 times smaller than that with lens focusing when its numerical aperture (NA) is 1. Furthermore, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the total field intensity profile is approximately 81% of that in a lens focusing system. Due to the enhancement of longitudinal components of incident field, the distribution of SHG polarization presents a single‐peak pattern, in which two peaks can be observed with lens focusing. The SHG polarizations in collagen fiber, KTiOPO4, and LiNbO3 have been numerical simulated and discussed in detail to verify the validity of the proposed method.Lay DescriptionA novel focusing mode for second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is described in this paper. In the case of radially polarized excitations, the SHG polarization distributions of some specimens appear two peaks pattern with traditional lens focusing. Such two peaks pattern may result in ghosting and the decrement of imaging resolution. By introducing elliptical mirror, the modulation of electric field at the focal plane can be realized. Thus, the distribution of SHG polarization is converted into a single‐peak pattern which eliminates the ghosting and improves the spatial resolution on SHG images. This proposed method can be used for SHG in various materials and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of SHG polarization will compress in different degrees. Besides, there is a significant improvement on signal‐to‐noise ratio in SHG imaging when an annular aperture illumination is applied. The focusing mode with elliptical mirror can also be utilized in other nonlinear optics areas such as polarized third harmonic generation (THG) measurements and two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) microscopy.
Expression and metabolic activity of flavin‐containing monooxygenase 1 in cynomolgus macaque kidney
Authors: Uno Yasuhiro , Shimizu Makiko , Yoda Hiromi , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFlavin‐containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) largely remains to be characterized in cynomolgus macaque kidney. Immunoblotting showed expression of cynomolgus FMO1 in kidneys where activities of FMO1 (benzydamine N‐oxygenation) were detected. No sex differences were observed in their contents or activities. These results suggest the functional role of cynomolgus FMO1 in kidney.
Correlation between pre‐procedural plaque morphology and patterns of in‐stent neointimal hyperplasia at 1‐year follow‐up in patients treated with new‐generation drug‐eluting stents: An optical coherence tomography based analysis
Authors: Shi Shun‐Yi , Chen Kai‐Lun , Gu Jue , Xu Chen , Chen Qian‐Ru , Chen Yu‐Qiao , Xu Tian , Ke Hai‐Yan , Sun Jian‐Hui , Ye Fei 
Published: September 2018

InstructionSeveral factors affect the in‐stent intimal healing process after drug‐eluting stents (DESs) implantation. We hope to investigate the influence of plaque characteristics on subsequent heterogeneous neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsThe study population consisted 217 patients with single‐vessel de novo lesions who underwent both pre‐procedural OCT scan and 12‐month follow‐up OCT examination. NIH is defined as at least five consecutive cross‐sectional images with no less than 100µm neointimal thickness. According to OCT follow‐up, patients were divided into three groups: neointima‐covered group, homogeneous, and heterogeneous NIH group.Results102 patients were categorized in neointima‐covered group, 91 and 24 patients in homogeneous and heterogeneous group, respectively. Time interval between OCT scans was similar (P = 0.55). No significant differences in the patients’ age, gender, comorbidities, laboratory findings, procedural, and lesion‐related findings were found among these three groups. Heterogeneous group tended to have more subjects presented as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (P = 0.04) and mean macrophage grade was higher in this group (P = 0.01). While no statistically significant difference concerning mean intimal thickness (P = 0.21) or neointimal burden (P = 0.73) was found between homogeneous and heterogeneous group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mean macrophage grade (OR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.12 to 4.53, P = 0.02) and initial clinical presentation of ACS (OR: 2.81, 95%CI: 1.03 to 7.72, P = 0.04) were significant independent risk factors for heterogeneous NIH.ConclusionMean macrophage grade measured by OCT as a semi‐quantitative morphological risk factor, as well as clinical presentation of ACS, was associated with in‐stent neointimal heterogeneity after DES implantation.
Development of a quality improvement audit tool for the primary care of children with chronic wet cough using a modified Delphi consensus approach
Authors: Prime Samantha J , Marchant Julie , Chang Anne B , Petsky Helen L 
Published: September 2018

AimIn the absence of quality indicators (QIs) for the management of chronic wet cough, our study's aim was to determine whether consensus on QIs reflecting good primary health care, prior to referral for children with chronic wet cough, can be achieved.MethodsA questionnaire consisting of 10 QIs was developed by a clinical working group based on current evidence and guidelines on the management of chronic wet cough in children. Each indicator reflected the quality of care provided to children with chronic wet cough in primary care prior to referral. A modified Delphi consensus questionnaire was undertaken involving expert paediatric respiratory clinicians and general paediatricians who graded the importance of each indicator for the purposes above. We a priori defined that consensus was considered achieved if >75% agreed on the indicator.ResultsTwenty‐two specialists (from Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Canberra) participated in the survey. The cumulative number of years of their respiratory experience was 324 and that of general clinical practice was 504. Consensus was achieved in all 10 QIs, with 6 reaching 100% agreement. Mean agreement for the 10 items was 97%.ConclusionAs complete consensus was achieved on these QIs, it can be used as a provisional clinical audit tool and can guide the development of a robust audit tool for primary care clinical practice to assist with quality improvement initiatives.
Health‐related quality of life following surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts versus healthy controls
Authors: Bristow P. , Lipscomb V. , Kummeling A. , Packer R. , Gerrits H. , Homan K. , Ortiz V. , Newson K. , Tivers M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo design a health‐related quality of life questionnaire for dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, use it in a cohort of dogs treated with suture attenuation and compare results with those obtained from a healthy control cohort.Materials and MethodsData were collected from the hospital records of dogs treated with suture ligation of an intrahepatic or extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt at two referral centres. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their dog's health‐related quality of life preoperatively (retrospectively) and at the time of follow‐up. Owners of control dogs also completed the questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts and 131 control dogs were recruited. Median follow‐up time was 64 months (range 19.7 to 157.2). The median long‐term health‐related quality of life score was excellent for both intrahepatic and extrahpatic shunt cases and similar to that of control dogs. The long‐term portosystemic shunt clinical sign scores for both intrahepatic and extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt dogs were significantly worse than the those of the control group.Clinical SignificanceSuture attenuation of congenitial portosystemic shunts is associated with an excellent health‐related quality of life score at long‐term follow‐up.
Sleep and subjective cognitive decline in cognitively healthy elderly: Results from two cohorts
Authors: Tsapanou Angeliki , Vlachos Georgios S. , Cosentino Stephanie , Gu Yian , Manly Jennifer J. , Brickman Adam M. , Schupf Nicole , Zimmerman Molly E. , Yannakoulia Mary , Kosmidis Mary H. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Sakka Paraskevi , Stern Yaakov , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Mayeux Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubjective cognitive decline may reflect a dementia prodrome or modifiable risk factor such as sleep disturbance. What is the association between sleep and subjective cognitive decline? Cross‐sectional design, from two studies of older adults: the WHICAP in the USA and the HELIAD in Greece. A total of 1,576 WHICAP and 1,456 HELIAD participants, without mild cognitive impairment, dementia or severe depression/anxiety, were included. Participants were mostly women, with 12 (WHICAP) and 8 (HELIAD) mean years of education. Sleep problems were estimated using the Sleep Scale from the Medical Outcomes Study. Subjective cognitive decline was assessed using a structured complaint questionnaire that queries for subjective memory and other cognitive symptoms. Multinomial or logistic regression models were used to examine whether sleep problems were associated with complaints about general cognition, memory, naming, orientation and calculations. Age, sex, education, sleep medication, use of medications affecting cognition, co‐morbidities, depression and anxiety were used as co‐variates. Objective cognition was also estimated by summarizing neuropsychological performance into composite z‐scores. Sleep problems were associated with two or more complaints: WHICAP: β = 1.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.59–2.34), p ≤ .0001; HELIAD: β = 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.83), p ≤ .0001. Sleep problems were associated with complaints in all the cognitive subcategories, except orientation for the WHICAP. The associations were noted regardless of objective cognition. At any given level of objective cognition, sleep disturbance is accompanied by subjective cognitive impairment. The replicability in two ethnically, genetically and culturally different cohorts adds validity to our results. The results have implications for the correlates, and potential aetiology of subjective cognitive decline, which should be considered in the assessment and treatment of older adults with cognitive complaints.
High interindividual variability in plasma clopidogrel active metabolite concentrations in healthy cats is associated with sex and cytochrome P450 2C genetic polymorphism
Authors: Lee Pamela M. , Faus Michele C. L. , Court Michael H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClopidogrel response variability has been identified in cats. In humans, evidence suggests that variable clopidogrel active metabolite (CAM) generation is the primary explanation for clopidogrel response variability with differences in body weight, sex, and variable metabolism of clopidogrel primarily due to polymorphisms of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 as some proposed mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether variation in CAM concentrations exists in healthy cats and what the cause of such variation might be. Nineteen healthy cats were given 18.75 mg clopidogrel by mouth. Blood was collected 2 hr later. Plasma CAM concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Clopidogrel metabolism was estimated by calculating CAM metabolic ratio. DNA was collected, and feline CYP2C genotyping was performed. The cats demonstrated high interindividual variation of plasma CAM concentrations. Approximately 69% of this interindividual variation was primarily explained by differences in clopidogrel metabolism as measured by CAM metabolic ratio with some influence by sex but not by weight. A single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the feline CYP2C gene that explained in part individual differences in CAM metabolic ratio and CAM plasma concentrations.