bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil and monocyte kinetics play critical roles in mouse peritoneal adhesion formation
Authors: Tsai Jonathan M. , Shoham Maia , Fernhoff Nathaniel B. , George Benson M. , Marjon Kristopher D. , McCracken Melissa N. , Kao Kevin S. , Sinha Rahul , Volkmer Anne Kathrin , Miyanishi Masanori , Seita Jun , Rinkevich Yuval , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: September 2019

Key PointsUpon injury, the mesothelium recruits neutrophils to the peritoneal space, which contributes to adhesion formation. Neutrophil recruitment and macrophage-depletion kinetics in adhesions differ from the normal innate response.
Predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia caused by a constitutional translocation disrupting ETV6
Authors: Järviaho Tekla , Bang Benedicte , Zachariadis Vasilios , Taylan Fulya , Moilanen Jukka , Möttönen Merja , Smith C. I. Edvard , Harila-Saari Arja , Niinimäki Riitta , Nordgren Ann 
Published: September 2019

Key PointsWe report the first known family with a constitutional translocation disrupting ETV6 predisposing to ALL. Germline monoallelic expression of ETV6 contributes to leukemia predisposition without thrombocytopenia.
Complete brachial plexus palsy following shoulder dislocation due to sneeze: a case report
Authors: Middleton Austin H. , Roffers John , Ziegler Dean W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Traumatic shoulder dislocation is a frequent condition presenting to the emergency department. Due to the anatomy of the shoulder, associated neurovascular damage is not uncommon. Although clinical intuition may suggest that a higher-energy mechanism is required to produce neurovascular sequelae, the existing literature does not support this supposition.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a complete brachial plexus palsy from an acute anterior shoulder dislocation following a violent sneeze. The shoulder was reduced without difficulty in the emergency department within 90 min of dislocation, and the patient was discharged. Her neurologic deficits gradually improved through a program of supervised therapy and orthopedic care. Follow-up at 1 year revealed marked improvement of motor and sensory function of the affected extremity with mild residual weakness and paresthesias in the affected hand.

Conclusion
Neurovascular injuries in the setting of shoulder dislocation may be present despite low-energy injury mechanisms.
FBXW7 circular RNA regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma through NEK2, mTOR, and PTEN signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lu Haoran , Yao Baofu , Wen Xinyuan , Jia Baoqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Backgrounds
A number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in various cancer including F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) circular RNA (circ-FBXW7), which can suppress glioma cell growth. However, the role of circ-FBXW7 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of circ-FBXW7 on CRC progression.

Methods
The expression of circ-FBXW7 in CRC patients was detected by PCR. Stably knockdown of circ-FBXW7 (si circ-FBXW7) cell lines and overexpression of circ-FBXW7 (oe circ-FBXW7) cell lines were constructed by small interfering RNA method and plasmids transfection in CRC SW480 and SW620 cells. The functional experiments including cell proliferation, migration and invasion were carried out by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay and trans well assay. The xenograft animal models were established to evaluate the effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms of circ-FBXW7 on CRC progression.

Results
CRC samples had a significantly lower level of circ-FBXW7 compared to normal tissue. si circ-FBXW7 notably promoted the proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion of CRC cell in vitro. On contrast, circ-FBXW7 overexpressed significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Similarly, si circ-FBXW7 stimulated the tumor growth and circ-FBXW7 overexpression repressed the tumor progression in SW480 and SW620 tumor models, which suggested that circ-FBXW7 could serve as a target biomarker of CRC. Further study found that si circ-FBXW7 up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of NEK2 and mTOR, and diminished the PTEN expression. Whereas, overexpressed circ-FBXW7 induced the tumor suppression via reversing the expressions of NEK2, mTOR, and PTEN.

Conclusion
circ-FBXW7 plays a major role in controlling the progression of CRC through NEK2, mTOR, and PTEN signaling pathways and may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.

Graphical abstract
Circ-FBXW7 controls the progression of CRC through NEK2, mTOR, and PTEN signaling pathways and its overexpression inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting the potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Impact of snus use in teenage boys on tobacco use in young adulthood; a cohort from the HUNT Study Norway
Authors: Grøtvedt Liv , Forsén Lisa , Ariansen Inger , Graff-Iversen Sidsel , Lingaas Holmen Turid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
As smoking rates decreased, the use of Swedish snus (smokeless tobacco) concordantly increased in Norway. The role of snus as possible contributor to the reduction of smoking has been widely discussed. Our aim was to quantitate transitions in snus use, smoking and dual use of snus and cigarettes in a young male population.

Methods
This prospective cohort study includes 1346 boys participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Young-HUNT1 1995–97, age 13–19 and in HUNT3 2006–08, age 23–30. Participants reported on tobacco use at both points of time. Models with binominal regression were applied to examine relative risks (RRs), of adolescent ever snus users, dual users or smokers (reference: never tobacco use), to be current snus only users, smokers (including dual users), or tobacco free in adulthood.

Results
Current tobacco use in this male cohort increased from 27% in adolescence to 49% in adulthood, increasing more for snus only use and dual use than for smoking only.
The adjusted RR (95% CI) of becoming a smoker as young adult, was 2.2 (CI 1.7–2.7) for adolescent snus users, 3.6 (CI 3.0–4.3) for adolescent dual users, and 2.7 (CI 2.2–3.3) for adolescent smokers. RR to become snus only users as adults was 3.1 (2.5–3.9) for adolescent dual users, 2.8 (2.2–3.4) for adolescent snus users and 1.5 (1.0–2.2) for adolescent smokers. The adjusted RR for the transition from adolescent tobacco use to no tobacco use in adulthood was similar for snus users and smokers with RR 0.5 (CI 0.4–0.7), but considerably lower for dual users with RR 0.2 (CI 0.2–0.3).

Conclusions
The use of snus, with or without concurrent smoking, carried a high risk of adult smoking as well as adult snus only use. Dual use seemed to promote the opportunity to become snus only users in adulthood, but made it also more difficult to quit. The benefit of snus use for harm reduction is not evident in our cohort, as the combination of smoking and dual use resulted in high smoking rates among the young adults.
Relationship between plasma Atherogenic index and final pathology of Bosniak III-IV renal masses: a retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Karabay Emre , Karsiyakali Nejdet , Duvar Serdar , Tosun Cagatay , Aslan Ahmet Ruknettin , Yucebas Omer Ergin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
There is an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with metabolic syndrome who usually have high levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Plasma atherogenic index (PAI) is the logarithmic ratio of serum TG level to HDL-C and related to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the accuracy of PAI in determining renal malignancy in localized renal masses preoperatively.

Methods
Totally 169 patients who were diagnosed with Bosniak III-IV lesions by imaging modalities and treated in our hospital with partial or radical nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed using institutional renal cancer database between 2013 and 2018. Preoperative images were evaluated by two experienced radiologists. The patients were divided into two groups according to their postoperative pathological diagnosis as malignant or benign tumors. The PAI of each patient was calculated and the statistical significance of PAI in predicting malignancy for renal masses was analyzed using uni- and multivariable analyses.

Results
Of patients, 109 (64.5%) were males and 60 (35.5%) were females with a median age of 61 (33–84) years. Median tumor size was 6.5 (2–18) cm. Pathological diagnosis was malignant in 145 (85.8%) and benign in 24 (14.2%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference in serum TG levels between malignant and benign cases (p > 0.05). The HDL-C levels were significantly lower in malignant cases (p = 0.001). Median PAI value was 0.63 (0.34–1.58) and significantly higher in malignant cases (p = 0.003). The PAI cut-off value for malignancy was ≥0.34. The sensitivity was calculated as 88.2% and specificity as 45.8%, the positive predictive value as 90.8, negative predictive value as 39.3, and odds ratio as 6.37 (95% CI: 2.466–16.458). In multivariable analysis, gender, smoking status, and hypertension had no effect on malignancy, whereas PAI and HDL-C were independent risk factors (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively). The risk of malignancy was 5.019 times higher, when PAI was > 0.34 (95% CI: 1.744–14.445) in multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
The PAI can be used as a predictive tool in suspicion of malignant renal masses. In case of a benign pathology, PAI levels may be encouraging for surgeons for nephron-sparing surgery.
Perception, knowledge, and interest of urologic surgery: a medical student survey
Authors: Whiles Bristol B. , Thompson Jeffrey A. , Griebling Tomas L. , Thurmon Kerri L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Although only a limited number of medical schools require a formal educational rotation in urologic surgery, urology as a medical specialty continues to attract a large number of students into the match each year. The purpose of this study was to describe medical student awareness, perception, and knowledge of urology, to determine factors influencing students’ consideration of urology as a career, and to determine if prior urology clerkship experience is associated with differences in these variables.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, medical students were electronically surveyed in 07/2016. Self-reported and question-based knowledge of urology were determined. A total of 25 factors were assessed with a five-point Likert scale to determine their influence on students’ consideration of urology as a career. Data analysis was performed using R.

Results
The survey was completed by 114 students (13.5% of all medical students). A total of 11(9.65%)students had previously participated in a urology clerkship. All students reported awareness of urology; however, only 74 students (64.9%) correctly identified the training pathway and job duties of urologists. Self-perceived knowledge of urology was poor but improved with increased medical school training. Question-based assessment also demonstrated increased knowledge with advanced medical school training (27% per year; p < 0.01). Prior urology clerkship experience appeared to be associated with increased urologic knowledge; however, this was confounded by year in medical school training. When assessing factors impacting students’ consideration of a career in urology, ‘combination of medicine and surgery’ was the most positively influential and ‘competitiveness of the specialty’ was the most negatively influential.

Conclusions
Although medical students are aware of urology as a specialty, they perceive their knowledge of urology as poor. However, knowledge of urology increases throughout medical school training. Multiple factors influence students’ consideration of urology as a career choice. Additional studies are needed to further explore how participation in a formal urology experience alters students’ perceptions and influences their consideration of urology as a career choice.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered.
Service evaluation of diabetes management during pregnancy in a regional maternity hospital: potential scope for increased self-management and remote patient monitoring through mHealth solutions
Authors: Alqudah Abdelrahim , McMullan Paul , Todd Anna , O’Doherty Conor , McVey Anne , McConnell Mae , O’Donoghue John , Gallagher Joe , Watson Chris J. , McClements Lana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus are common complications in pregnancy affecting one in six pregnancies. The maternity services are under significant strain managing the increasing number of complex pregnancies. This has an impact on patients’ experience of antenatal care. Therefore, there is a clear need to address pregnancy care. One possible solution is to use home-based digital technology to reduce clinic visits and improve clinical monitoring.

Methods
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antenatal services provided to pregnant women with diabetes who were monitored at the joint metabolic and obstetric clinic at the Southern Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland.

Results
The questionnaires were completed by sixty-three women, most of whom had gestational diabetes mellitus. Most of the participants were between 25 and 35 years of age (69.8%), had one or more children (65.1%) and spent over 2 h attending the clinics (63.9%); 78% of women indicated that their travel time to and from the clinic appointment was over 15 min. Over 70% of women used smartphones for health-related purposes. However, only 8.8% used smartphones to manage their health or diabetes. Less than 25% of the women surveyed expressed concerns about using digital technology from home to monitor various aspects of their health in pregnancy.

Conclusions
Overall, pregnant women who had or developed diabetes in pregnancy experience frequent hospital visits and long waiting times in the maternity clinics. Most of these pregnant women are willing to self-manage their condition from home and to be monitored remotely by the healthcare staff.
Comparison of echocardiographic indices of right ventricular systolic function and ejection fraction obtained with continuous thermodilution in critically ill patients
Authors: Barthélémy Romain , Roy Xavier , Javanainen Tujia , Mebazaa Alexandre , Chousterman Benjamin Glenn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Though echocardiographic evaluation assesses the right ventricular systolic function, which of the existing parameters best reflects the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in the critically ill patients is still uncertain. We aimed to determine the relationship between echocardiographic indices of right ventricular systolic function and RVEF.

Methods
Prospective observational study was conducted in a mixed Surgical Intensive Care Unit (Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France) from November 2017 to November 2018. All critically ill patients monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter were assessed. We collected echocardiographic indices of right ventricular function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TAPSE; peak systolic velocity of pulsed tissue Doppler at lateral tricuspid annulus, S′; fractional area change, FAC; right ventricular index of myocardial performance, RIMP; isovolumic acceleration, IVA; end-diastolic diameter ratio, EDDr) and compared them with the RVEF obtained from continuous volumetric pulmonary artery catheter.

Results
Twenty-five patients were analyzed. Admission diagnosis was acute heart failure in 11 patients and septic shock in 14 patients. Median age was 70 years [57–80], norepinephrine median dose was 0.29 μg/kg/min [0.14–0.50], median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 12 [10–14], and mortality at day 28 was 56%. When compared to RVEF, TAPSE had the highest correlation coefficient (rho = 0.78, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89, p < 0.001). S′ was also correlated to RVEF (rho = 0.64, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.80, p = 0.001) whereas FAC, RIMP, IVA, and EDDr did not. TAPSE lower than 16 mm, S′ lower than 11 cm/s, and EDDr higher than 1 were always associated with a reduced RVEF.

Conclusions
We found that amongst indices of right ventricular systolic function, TAPSE and S′ were well correlated with thermodilution-derived RVEF in critically ill patients.
Longitudinal variation in human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat methylation in individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Cortés-Rubio César N. , Salgado-Montes de Oca Gonzalo , Prado-Galbarro Francisco J. , Matías-Florentino Margarita , Murakami-Ogasawara Akio , Kuri-Cervantes Leticia , Carranco-Arenas Ana P. , Ormsby Christopher E. , Cortés-Rubio Ivette K. , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Ávila-Ríos Santiago 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPersistence of latent, replication-competent provirus in CD4+T cells of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is the main obstacle for virus eradication. Methylation of the proviral 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region has been proposed as a possible mechanism contributing to HIV latency; however, conflicting observations exist regarding its relevance. We assessed 5′-LTR methylation profiles in total CD4+T cells from blood of 12 participants on short-term ART (30 months) followed up for 2 years, and a cross-sectional group of participants with long-term ART (6–15 years), using next generation sequencing. We then looked for associations between specific 5′-LTR methylation patterns and baseline and follow-up clinical characteristics.Results5′-LTR methylation was observed in all participants and behaved dynamically. The number of 5′-LTR variants found per sample ranged from 1 to 13, with median sequencing depth of 16270× (IQR 4107×-46760×). An overall significant 5′-LTR methylation increase was observed at month 42 compared to month 30 (median CpG Methylation Index: 74.7% vs. 0%,p= 0.025). This methylation increase was evident in a subset of participants (methylation increase group), while the rest maintained fairly high and constant methylation (constant methylation group). Persons in the methylation increase group were younger, had higher CD4+T cell gain, larger CD8% decrease, and larger CD4/CD8 ratio change after 48 months on ART (allp< 0.001). Using principal component analysis, the constant methylation and methylation increase groups showed low evidence of separation along time (factor 2:p= 0.04). Variance was largely explained (21%) by age, CD4+/CD8+T cell change, and CD4+T cell subpopulation proportions. Persons with long-term ART showed overall high methylation (median CpG Methylation Index: 78%; IQR 71–87%). No differences were observed in residual plasma viral load or proviral load comparing individuals on short-term (both at 30 or 42 months) and long-term ART.ConclusionsOur study shows evidence that HIV 5′-LTR methylation in total CD4+ T cells is dynamic along time and that it can follow different temporal patterns that are associated with a combination of baseline and follow-up clinical characteristics. These observations may account for differences observed between previous contrasting studies.
Unexpected rapid increase in bone mineral density by bisphosphonate therapy after multiple spinal fractures: a case report
Authors: Koiwai Hidefumi , Kamimura Mikio , Takahashi Jun , Nakamura Yukio , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis is a serious disease that causes bone fragility fractures and increases mortality. Bisphosphonates are the first-line drugs for osteoporosis. However, the gains in bone mineral density by use of bisphosphonates alone are limited.

Case presentation
We describe the clinical outcome of a Japanese woman with osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates after multiple spinal fractures. After 3 years of treatment with the bisphosphonate alendronate, her lumbar bone mineral density and bilateral hip bone mineral density markedly increased by 61.9% and 32.5%, respectively.

Conclusion
We considered that our patient’s multiple fractures had caused a decrease in bone mineral density, which naturally improved with fracture healing to enhance the increase in bone mineral density with bisphosphonate treatment.
Study on a silver box unearthed from the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907) tomb at Xiaolizhuang Site, Henan Province, China
Authors: Yao Zhihui , Gong Yuxuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Over the years, numerous gold and silver artifacts were excavated from tombs of the Tang Dynasty which gave evidence of the sophisticated metalworking techniques at that time. However, very few of them were studied and the manufacturing process was barely known. In this research, the microstructural analyses including microscopy and SEM–EDS were conducted on a delicate silver cosmetics box excavated from a Tang Dynasty tomb of Xiaolizhuang site. The silver artifact is made up of two symmetrical cambered pieces which were fabricated by alternating hammering and annealing. The shape and surface features were further modified through plastic forming. Afterwards, spinning technique was employed to ensure the interior surface is smooth and has consistent thickness. The surface of the silver box is fully decorated with multiple fine engraving including petals, fish-toe circles, flower pattern, twine pattern and the Tang grass pattern. According to the overlapping status of the notches, the patterns were processed in a certain order by using various gravers. The artifact was brought in its final appearance by gilding to form a thin gold film on the surface. These results overall reveal the sophisticated techniques applied in making the artifact and further enhance the understanding of metalworking practices in the Tang Dynasty.
Effect of feedstock and microwave pyrolysis temperature on physio-chemical and nano-scale mechanical properties of biochar
Authors: Wallace Chase A. , Afzal Muhammad T. , Saha Gobinda C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiochars were produced from softwood chips (spruce–fir mix) and hemp stalk biomasses in an in-house-developed microwave pyrolysis reactor. A kilogram batch raw biomass mixed with 10 wt% microwave absorber was pyrolyzed at 60-min residence time. Microwave power levels were set at 2100, 2400, and 2700 W with optimum heating rates ranging 25–50 °C/min. The proximate analysis indicated a progressive gain in biochar carbon content with power level increase. Both biochars showed a H:C ratio of < 1.2 with a graphite-like structure, which is an important observation for their potential use as a filler in bio-composites structural strength increase. Fourier Transfer Infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed a major loss of functional groups as the power level increased. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and porosity distribution contained higher volume of smaller pores in the hemp biochar. The char hardness and Young’s modulus, obtained via nanoindentation technique and load–depth curve analysis, indicated that hemp biochar possessed a higher Young’s modulus and lower hardness than softwood chip biochar.