bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does emotional disclosure have any effects? A systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses
Authors: Meads Catherine , Nouwen Arie 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:Emotional disclosure has been widely publicized as having beneficial effects on physical and psychological health. A full systematic review was undertaken, with standard health technology appraisal methods, with the aim to assess the effects of emotional disclosure on healthy participants and those with pre-existing morbidity, particularly on longer-term physical health, performance, and psychological outcomes.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of emotional disclosure were obtained from database searches (Medline (1966–2003), Embase (1980–2003), Cochrane Library (2002, issue 4), Web of Science (1981–2003), Cinahl (1982–2003), and Theses (March 2003), Internet sites (including Professor J.W. Pennebaker's home pages), and personal contacts. Quality was assessed qualitatively and by Jadad score. Meta-analysis was conducted, using Revman 4.1 software, where more than two trials reported the same outcome.Results:Sixty-one trials were found meeting the inclusion criteria. Most had less than 100 participants and the median Jadad score was 0. A wide variety of physical, physiological, immunological, performance, and psychological outcomes were measured, but fewer were reported. There was no clear improvement for emotional disclosure compared with controls in objectively measured physical health and most other outcomes assessed.Conclusions:The opinion that this intervention is beneficial needs to be reassessed in light of the totality of evidence available.
Conjoint analysis of preferences for cardiac risk assessment in primary care
Authors: Sassi Franco , McDaid David , Ricciardi Walter 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:Many evaluations underestimate the utility associated with diagnostic interventions by failing to capture the nonclinical value of diagnostic information. This is a cause of bias in resource allocation decisions. A study was undertaken to investigate preferences for the assessment of cardiac risk, testing the suitability of conjoint analysis, a multiattribute preference elicitation method, in the field of clinical diagnosis.Methods:Two conjoint analysis models focusing on selected characteristics of cardiac risk assessment in asymptomatic patients 40–50 years of age were applied to elicit preferences for cardiac risk assessment from samples of general practitioners and the general public in the United Kingdom and Italy. Both models were based on rankings of alternative scenarios, and the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and an ordered probit model.Results:In both countries, members of the public attached at least three times more importance to prognostic value (relative to clinical value) than did general practitioners. Significantly different patterns were found in the two countries with regard to other characteristics of the assessment. Variation within samples was partly associated with personal characteristics.Conclusions:Only a fraction of the value of cardiac risk assessment to individuals and physicians in this study was linked to health outcomes. The study confirmed the appropriateness and validity of conjoint analysis in the assessment of preferences for diagnostic interventions. A wider use of this technique might significantly strengthen the existing evidence-base for diagnostic interventions, leading to a more efficient use of health-care resources.
Decisions to adopt new technologies at the hospital level: Insights from Israeli medical centers
Authors: Greenberg Dan , Peterburg Yitzhak , Vekstein Daniel , Pliskin Joseph S. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: New medical technologies have been identified as the leading cause of increasing health-care expenditures. Adoption of a new technology is one of the most important decisions in medical centers. The objectives of this study were to map and describe the function of hospital decision-makers within the area of new technology assessment and adoption, and to examine relevant considerations, sources of information, and decision-making processes in the adoption of a new technology.Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to hospital executives and referred to (i) the considerations for and against adoption of a new technology, (ii) the decision-making process, (iii) information sources used in the decision-making process.Results: The most frequent criteria favoring adoption included increased cost-effectiveness, increased efficacy, and decrease in complication rates. An increase in complication rates or side effects and decreased efficacy were the top ranked criteria against adoption. The final decision-making responsibility varied among technologies; the medical director frequently made the final decision when a new device was involved, but this responsibility decreased when a new drug or a new procedure was considered. Participation in scientific meetings, opinions of local experts, medical journals, and Food and Drug Administration clearance documents were the most important information sources used in the decision-making process. However, these were not necessarily the optimal sources of information. Significant barriers in adoption decision-making are lack of timely data regarding the safety of the new technology, its cost-effectiveness, and efficacy.Conclusion: To improve the adoption decisions, hospitals must develop criteria upon which the decision-making will be based.
Use of health technology assessment in decision making: Coresponsibility of users and producers?
Authors: Hivon Myriam , Lehoux Pascale , Denis Jean-Louis , Tailliez Stéphanie 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:Health technology assessment (HTA) is a policy-oriented form of research designed to inform decision-makers on the introduction, use, and dissemination of health technology. Whereas research on knowledge transfer has focused on knowledge producers, little attention has been given to the user's perspective. This study examines how health-care provider, administrator, and patient associations across Canada use HTA reports and the limitations they encounter when accessing and using scientific knowledge.Methods:This study draws from semistructured interviews (n = 42) conducted with three types of user, located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec. Applying well-established conceptual categories in knowledge utilization research, our qualitative analyses sought to define more precisely how HTA is used by interviewees as well as the most significant barriers they encounter.Results:The vast majority of users recognize the usefulness and credibility of HTA reports. Of interest, the way they use HTA takes different forms. Although administrators and health-care providers are in a better position than patient associations to act directly on HTA messages—making aninstrumentaluse of HTA—we also foundconceptualandsymbolicuses across all groups. Our results also indicate that significant organizational, scientific, and material limitations hinder the use of scientific evidence. Overcoming such barriers requires a greater commitment from both HTA producers and users.Conclusions:This study argues that, to ensure better uptake of HTA, it should become a shared responsibility between HTA producers and various types of user.
Multi‐Index Attribution of Extreme Winter Air Quality in Beijing, China
Authors: Callahan Christopher W. , Schnell Jordan L. , Horton Daniel E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh‐impact poor air quality events, such as Beijing's so‐called “Airpocalypse” in January 2013, demonstrate that short‐lived poor air quality events can have significant effects on health and economic vitality. Poor air quality events result from the combination of the emission of pollutants and meteorological conditions favorable to their accumulation, which include limited scavenging, dispersion, and ventilation. The unprecedented nature of events such as the 2013 Airpocalypse, in conjunction with our nonstationary climate, motivate an assessment of whether climate change has altered the meteorological conditions conducive to poor winter air quality in Beijing. Using three indices designed to quantify the meteorological conditions that support poor air quality and drawing on the attribution methods of Diffenbaugh et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618082114), we assess (i) the contribution of observed trends to the magnitude of events, (ii) the contribution of observed trends to the probability of events, (iii) the return interval of events in the observational record, preindustrial model‐simulated climate and historical model‐simulated climate, (iv) the probability of the observed trend in the preindustrial and historical model‐simulated climates, and (v) the relative influences of anthropogenic forcing and natural variability on the observed trend. We find that anthropogenic influence has had a small effect on the probability of the January 2013 event in all three indices but has increased the probability of a long‐term positive trend in two out of three indices. This work provides a framework for both further understanding the role of climate change in air quality and expanding the scope of event attribution.
Convection in Thin Shells of Icy Satellites: Effects of Latitudinal Surface Temperature Variations
Authors: Weller Matthew B. , Fuchs Lukas , Becker Thorsten W. , Soderlund Krista M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe use three‐dimensional numerical experiments of thin shell convection to explore what effects an expected latitudinal variation in solar insolation may have on a convection. We find that a global flow pattern of upwelling equatorial regions and downwelling polar regions, linked to higher and lower surface temperatures (Ts), respectively, is preferred. Due to the gradient in Ts, boundary layer thicknesses vary from equatorial lows to polar highs, and polar oriented flow fields are established. A Hadley cell‐type configuration with two hemispheric‐scale convective cells emerges with heat flow enhanced along the equator and suppressed poleward. The poleward transport pattern appears robust under a range of basal and mixed heating, isoviscous and temperature‐dependent viscosity, vigor of convection, and different degrees of Ts variations. Our findings suggest that a latitudinal variation in Ts is an important effect for convection within the thin ice shells of the outer satellites, becoming increasingly important as solar luminosity increases. Variable Ts models predict lower heat flow and a more compressional regime near downwellings at higher latitudes, and higher heat flow and a more extensional regime near the equator. Within the ice shell, Hadley style flow could lead to large‐scale anisotropic ice properties that might be detectable with future seismic or electro‐magnetic observations.
Acute exercise-induced enhancement of fear inhibition is moderated by BDNF Val66Met polymorphism
Authors: Keyan Dharani , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRodent research indicates that acute physical exercise facilitates fear learning and inhibition. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may moderate the memory enhancing effects of acute exercise. We assessed the role of acute exercise in modulating extinction retention in humans, and investigated the extent to which the BDNF polymorphism influenced extinction retention. Seventy non-clinical participants engaged in a differential fear potentiated startle paradigm involving conditioning and extinction followed by random assignment to either intense exercise (n = 35) or no exercise (n = 35). Extinction retention was assessed 24 h later. Saliva samples were collected to index BDNF genotype. Exercised participants displayed significantly lower fear 24 h later relative to non-exercised participants. Moderation analyses indicated that after controlling for gender, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderated the relationship between exercise and fear recovery 24 h later, such that exercise was associated with greater fear recovery in individuals with the Met allele. These findings provide initial evidence that acute exercise can impact fear extinction in humans and this effect is reduced in Met-allele carriers. This finding accords with the role of BDNF in extinction learning, and has implications for augmenting exposure-based therapies for anxiety disorders.
Interfering trajectories in experimental quantum-enhanced stochastic simulation
Authors: Ghafari Farzad , Tischler Nora , Di Franco Carlo , Thompson Jayne , Gu Mile , Pryde Geoff J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSimulations of stochastic processes play an important role in the quantitative sciences, enabling the characterisation of complex systems. Recent work has established a quantum advantage in stochastic simulation, leading to quantum devices that execute a simulation using less memory than possible by classical means. To realise this advantage it is essential that the memory register remains coherent, and coherently interacts with the processor, allowing the simulator to operate over many time steps. Here we report a multi-time-step experimental simulation of a stochastic process using less memory than the classical limit. A key feature of the photonic quantum information processor is that it creates a quantum superposition of all possible future trajectories that the system can evolve into. This superposition allows us to introduce, and demonstrate, the idea of comparing statistical futures of two classical processes via quantum interference. We demonstrate interference of two 16-dimensional quantum states, representing statistical futures of our process, with a visibility of 0.96 ± 0.02.
Entrainment of Lymphatic Contraction to Oscillatory Flow
Authors: Mukherjee Anish , Hooks Joshua , Nepiyushchikh Zhanna , Dixon J. Brandon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLymphedema, a disfiguring condition characterized by an asymmetrical swelling of the limbs, is suspected to be caused by dysfunctions in the lymphatic system. A possible source of lymphatic dysfunction is the reduced mechanosensitivity of lymphangions, the spontaneously contracting units of the lymphatic system. In this study, the entrainment of lymphangions to an oscillatory wall shear stress (OWSS) is characterized in rat thoracic ducts in relation to their shear sensitivity. The critical shear stress above which the thoracic ducts show a substantial inhibition of contraction was found to be significantly negatively correlated to the diameter of the lymphangion. The entrainment of the lymphangion to an applied OWSS was found to be significantly dependent on the difference between the applied frequency and the intrinsic frequency of contraction of the lymphangion. The strength of the entrainment was also positively correlated to the applied shear stress when the applied shear was less than the critical shear stress of the vessel. The ejection fraction and fractional pump flow were also affected by the difference between the frequency of the applied OWSS and the vessel's intrinsic contraction frequency. The results suggest an adaptation of the lymphangion contractility to the existing oscillatory shear stress as a function of its intrinsic contractility and shear sensitivity. These adaptations might be crucial to ensure synchronized contraction of lymphangions through mechanosensitive means and might help explain the lymphatic dysfunctions that result from impaired mechanosensitivity.
A Computational Design Framework for Efficient, Fabrication Error-Tolerant, Planar THz Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Banerji Sourangsu , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate ultra-thin (1.5-3λ0), fabrication-error tolerant efficient diffractive terahertz (THz) optical elements designed using a computer-aided optimization-based search algorithm. The basic operation of these components is modeled using scalar diffraction of electromagnetic waves through a pixelated multi-level 3D-printed polymer structure. Through the proposed design framework, we demonstrate the design of various ultrathin planar THz optical elements, namely (i) a high Numerical Aperture (N.A.), broadband aberration rectified spherical lens (0.1 THz–0.3 THz), (ii) a spectral splitter (0.3 THz–0.6 THz) and (iii) an on-axis broadband transmissive hologram (0.3 THz–0.5 THz). Such an all-dielectric computational design-based approach is advantageous against metallic or dielectric metasurfaces from the perspective that it incorporates all the inherent structural advantages associated with a scalar diffraction based approach, such as (i) ease of modeling, (ii) substrate-less facile manufacturing, (iii) planar geometry, (iv) high efficiency along with (v) broadband operation, (vi) area scalability and (vii) fabrication error-tolerance. With scalability and error tolerance being two major bottlenecks of previous design strategies. This work is therefore, a significant step towards the design of THz optical elements by bridging the gap between structural and computational design i.e. through a hybrid design-based approach enabling considerably less computational resources than the previous state of the art. Furthermore, the approach used herein can be expanded to a myriad of optical elements at any wavelength regime.
Formation of tubules and helical ribbons by ceramide phosphoethanolamine-containing membranes
Authors: Inaba Takehiko , Murate Motohide , Tomishige Nario , Lee Yan-Fen , Hullin-Matsuda Françoise , Pollet Brigitte , Humbert Nicolas , Mély Yves , Sako Yasushi , Greimel Peter , Kobayashi Toshihide 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCeramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), a major sphingolipid in invertebrates, is crucial for axonal ensheathment in Drosophila. Darkfield microscopy revealed that an equimolar mixture of bovine buttermilk CPE (milk CPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diC18:1 PC) tends to form tubules and helical ribbons, while pure milk CPE mainly exhibits amorphous aggregates and, at low frequency, straight needles. Negative staining electron microscopy indicated that helices and tubules were composed of multilayered 5–10 nm thick slab-like structures. Using different molecular species of PC and CPE, we demonstrated that the acyl chain length of CPE but not of PC is crucial for the formation of tubules and helices in equimolar mixtures. Incubation of the lipid suspensions at the respective phase transition temperature of CPE facilitated the formation of both tubules and helices, suggesting a dynamic lipid rearrangement during formation. Substituting diC18:1 PC with diC18:1 PE or diC18:1 PS failed to form tubules and helices. As hydrated galactosylceramide (GalCer), a major lipid in mammalian myelin, has been reported to spontaneously form tubules and helices, it is believed that the ensheathment of axons in mammals and Drosophila is based on similar physical processes with different lipids.
Experimental Quantum-enhanced Cryptographic Remote Control
Authors: Pang Xiao-Ling , Qiao Lu-Feng , Sun Ke , Liu Yu , Yang Ai-lin , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT), as a cutting-edge integrated cross-technology, promises to informationize people’s daily lives, while being threatened by continuous challenges of eavesdropping and tampering. The emerging quantum cryptography, harnessing the random nature of quantum mechanics, may also enable unconditionally secure control network, beyond the applications in secure communications. Here, we present a quantum-enhanced cryptographic remote control scheme that combines quantum randomness and one-time pad algorithm for delivering commands remotely. We experimentally demonstrate this on an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) control system. We precharge quantum random numbers (QRN) into controller and controlee before launching UAV, instead of distributing QRN like standard quantum communication during flight. We statistically verify the randomness of both quantum keys and the converted ciphertexts to check the security capability. All commands in the air are found to be completely chaotic after encryption, and only matched keys on UAV can decipher those commands precisely. In addition, the controlee does not response to the commands that are not or incorrectly encrypted, showing the immunity against interference and decoy. Our work adds true randomness and quantum enhancement into the realm of secure control algorithm in a straightforward and practical fashion, providing a promoted solution for the security of artificial intelligence and IoT.
Super- and sub-radiance from two-dimensional resonant dipole-dipole interactions
Authors: Jen H. H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the super- and sub-radiance from the resonant dipole-dipole interactions (RDDI) in a confined two-dimensional (2D) reservoir. The distinctive feature of 2D RDDI shows qualitatively and quantitatively different long-range behavior from RDDI in free space. We investigate the collective radiation properties of the singly-excited symmetric state under this 2D RDDI. This state also allows subradiant decays in much longer distances than the transition wavelength, showing longrange atom-atom correlations. We further study the dynamics of the subradiant states which can be accessed by imprinting spatially dependent phases on the atomic arrays. Our results demonstrate rich opportunities in engineering light-matter interactions in a confined 2D reservoir, and hold promise in applications of quantum light storage and single-excitation state manipulations.
p38 MAPK activation through B7-H3-mediated DUSP10 repression promotes chemoresistance
Authors: Flem-Karlsen Karine , Tekle Christina , Øyjord Tove , Flørenes Vivi A. , Mælandsmo Gunhild M. , Fodstad Øystein , Nunes-Xavier Caroline E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImmunoregulatory protein B7-H3 is involved in the oncogenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells, as well as in drug resistance. Resistance to conventional chemotherapy is an important aspect of melanoma treatment, and a better understanding of how B7-H3 enhances drug resistance may lead to the development of more effective therapies. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin in sensitive and drug resistant melanoma cells with knockdown expression of B7-H3. We found that knockdown of B7-H3 increased in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of melanoma cells to the chemotherapeutic agents dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin, in parallel with a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Importantly, in B7-H3 knockdown cells we observed an increase in the expression of dual-specific MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) DUSP10, a MKP known to dephosphorylate and inactivate p38 MAPK. DUSP10 knockdown by siRNA resulted in a reversion of the increased DTIC-sensitivity seen in B7-H3 knockdown cells. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of combining chemotherapy with B7-H3 inhibition, and indicate that B7-H3 mediated chemoresistance in melanoma cells is driven through a mechanism involving DUSP10-mediated inactivation of p38 MAPK.