bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Anionic π Molecules Aggregate in Solution? A Case Study with Multi‐interactive Ligands and Network Formation
Authors: Nakanishi Keisuke , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Fukuhara Gaku , Kawano Masaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn anionic π molecule can form an aggregate when a multi‐interactivity is introduced, in sharp contrast to common anionic molecules that are generally difficult to stack on each other. We found that a multi‐interactive ligand, 2,5,8‐tri(4′‐pyridyl)‐1,3,4,6,7,9‐hexaazaphenalenate (TPHAP−) exhibited a large Stokes shift and an intramolecular charge transfer, both of which were sensitive to hydrogen‐bonding media. An anionic potassium salt of TPHAP−in methanol formed various aggregation states depending on the concentration examined; this was revealed by steady‐state spectroscopic and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Self‐assembling cadmium ions and the ligands can create several morphological crystals that are controlled by the ligand concentration, among which three new structures were determined by single‐crystal analysis. The X‐ray structures obtained suggest that the aggregation states of the ligand in solution can be transferred to the solid system of the porous coordination networks.
Poly(Lactide‐Co‐Glycolide) Nanoparticles Co‐Loaded with Chlorophyllin and Quantum Dots as Photodynamic Therapy Agents
Authors: Galliani Marianna , Signore Giovanni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approach to treating cancer and involves light‐induced activation of a photosensitizer that triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in targeted cells and subsequent cell death. Examples of photosensitizers are porphyrins, including the natural compound chlorophyll. These molecules can be delivered alone or co‐formulated with an agent, such as quantum dots (QDs), that is able to excite them through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based mechanism. We encapsulated a chlorophyllin copper complex and CdSe/ZnS core‐shell QDs into biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) composed of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), that allow modification with specific targeting ligands. When excited at 365 nm, FRET occurs between co‐encapsulated QDs and chlorophyllin to result in the formation of ROS. This chlorophyllin‐QD coformulation allows generation of ROS both in an aqueous environment and in cells, thus confirming the potential of this formulation in PDT.
Four‐Coordinate Organoboron Platforms for Efficient Red Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Yang , Zhang Yi‐Jie , Fei Xiyu , Fung Man‐Keung , Fan Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSo far both three‐ and four‐coordinate organoboron compounds have been widely applied in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) materials. However, the use of four‐coordinate organoboron compounds as host materials is rarely reported. In this work, two new four‐coordinate organoboron compounds, namely 8‐(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐6,6‐difluoro‐6H‐6λ4,7λ4‐benzo[4′,5′]imidazo[1′,2′:3,4][1,3,2]diazaborolo[1,5‐a]pyridine (B1PCz) and 8‐(3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐6,6‐difluoro‐6H‐6λ4,7λ4‐benzo[4′,5′]imidazo[1′,2′:3,4][1,3,2]diazaborolo[1,5‐a]pyridine (B1MCz), were successfully designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. The red OLEDs using B1PCz and B1MCz as host materials achieved relatively high device performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.8 % and 11.8 %, respectively. These results will expand the scope of organoboron compounds for OLED materials and reveal the great potential of four‐coordinate organoboron materials.
Removal of failed dental implants revisited: Questions and answers
Authors: Solderer Alex , Al‐Jazrawi Adrian , Sahrmann Philipp , Jung Ronald , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis narrative review is aiming on showing reasons for implant failure, removal techniques, and respective clinical considerations; further, the survival rate of implants in previous failed sites is examined.Materials and methodsQuestions have been formulated, answered, and discussed through a literature search including studies assessing implant failure and removal up to 2018.ResultsStudies describing reasons for implant failure, implant removal techniques, and the reinsertion of implants in a previous failed site (n = 12) were included. To date, peri‐implantitis is the main reason for late implant failure (81.9%). Trephine burs seem to be the best‐known method for implant removal. Nevertheless, the counter‐torque‐ratchet‐technique, because of the low invasiveness, should be the first choice for the clinician. Regarding zirconia implant removal, only scarce data are available. Implantation in previously failed sites irrespective of an early or late failure results in 71% to 100% survival over 5 years.ConclusionIf removal is required, interventions should be based on considerations regarding minimally invasive access and management as well as predictable healing. (Post)Operative considerations should primarily depend on the defect type and the consecutive implantation plans.
Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development
Authors: Núñez‐León Daniel , Aguirre‐Fernández Gabriel , Steiner Andrea , Nagashima Hiroshi , Jensen Per , Stoeckli Esther , Schneider Richard A. , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe domestication of the fowl resulted in a large diversity of integumental structures in chicken breeds. Several integumental traits have been investigated from a developmental genetics perspective. However, their distribution among breeds and their developmental morphology remain unexplored. We constructed a discrete trait‐breed matrix and conducted a disparity analysis to investigate the variation of these structures in chicken breeds; 20 integumental traits of 72 chicken breeds and the red junglefowl were assessed. The analyses resulted in slight groupings of breed types comparable to standard breed classification based on artificial selection and chicken type use. The red junglefowl groups together with bantams and European breeds. We provide new data on the red junglefowl and four chicken breeds, demonstrating where and when variation arises during embryonic development. We document variation in developmental timing of the egg tooth and feather formation, as well as other kinds of developmental patterning as in the anlagen of different type of combs. Changes in epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling interactions may drive the highly diverse integument in chickens. Experimental and comparative work has revealed that the cranial neural crest mesenchyme mediates its interactions with the overlying epithelium and is the likely source of patterning that generates diversity in integumental structures.
Inosine pranobex enhances human NK cell cytotoxicity by inducing metabolic activation and NKG2D ligand expression
Authors: McCarthy Michael T. , Lin Da , Soga Tomoyoshi , Adam Julie , O'Callaghan Christopher A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInosine pranobex (IP) is a synthetic immunomodulating compound, indicated for use in the treatment of human papillomavirus‐associated warts and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Previous studies demonstrate that the immunomodulatory activity of IP is characterized by enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and NK cell cytotoxicity. The activation of NKG2D signaling on NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells also produces these outcomes. We hypothesized that IP alters cellular immunity through the induction of NKG2D ligand expression on target cells, thereby enhancing immune cell activation through the NKG2D receptor. We tested this hypothesis and show that exposure of target cells to IP leads to increased expression of multiple NKG2D ligands. Using both targeted metabolic interventions and unbiased metabolomic studies, we found that IP causes an increase in intracellular concentration of purine nucleotides and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and NKG2D ligand induction. The degree of NKG2D ligand induction was functionally significant, leading to increased NKG2D‐dependent target cell immunogenicity. These findings demonstrate that the immunomodulatory properties of IP are due to metabolic activation with NKG2D ligand induction.
Leveraging cell‐specific differentially methylated regions to identify leukocyte infiltration in adipose tissue
Authors: Chu Su H. , Kelsey Karl T. , Koestler Devin C. , Loucks Eric B. , Huang Yen‐Tsung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity is understood to be an inflammatory condition characterized in part by changes in resident immune cell populations in adipose tissue. However, much of this knowledge has been obtained through experimental animal models. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation may be useful tools for characterizing the changes in immune cell populations in human subjects. In this study, we introduce a simple and intuitive method for assessing cellular infiltration by blood into other heterogeneous, admixed tissues such as adipose tissue, and apply this approach in a large human cohort study. Associations between higher leukocyte infiltration, measured by evaluating a distance measure between the methylation signatures of leukocytes and adipose tissue, and increasing body mass index (BMI) or android fat mass (AFM) were identified and validated in independent replication samples for CD4 (pBMI = 0.009, pAFM = 0.020), monocytes (pBMI = 0.001, pAFM = 4.3 × 10−4), and dendritic cells (pBMI = 0.571, pAFM = 0.012). Patterns of depletion with increasing adiposity were observed for plasma B (pBMI = 0.430, pAFM = 0.004) and immature B (pBMI = 0.022, pAFM = 0.042) cells. CD4, dendritic, monocytes, immature B, and plasma B cells may be important agents in the inflammatory process. Finally, the method used to assess leukocyte infiltration in this study is straightforwardly extended to other cell types and tissues in which infiltration might be of interest.
Modeling CO2 flow in support of a shallow subsurface controlled leakage field test
Authors: Iglesias Rodrigo S. , Romio Cristiane , Melo Clarissa L. , Musse Ana Paula S. , do Rosário Fátima , Oldenburg Curtis M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractControlled release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the soil and atmosphere is performed to test detection and monitoring tools, for which several field laboratories were established by a number of institutions worldwide. Numerical simulations of CO2 behavior in the shallow subsurface region are other forms of validation and verification of the leakage pathways and destinations. These studies aim to improve monitoring and verification of CO2 in case of unexpected leakages for public assurance. In this work, we present the results of a numerical modeling study conducted to simulate the injection of CO2 as carried out during a field test in Viamão, southern Brazil, where 20 kg day–1 of CO2 was pumped for 30 days through a vertical well 3 m below ground in an altered granitic soil. Multiphase flow simulations were performed with the TOUGH2/EOS7CA software for unsaturated porous media, using field data and injection parameters, including sensitivity tests to permeability direction, diffusivity, and boundary conditions. Results with increased horizontal permeabilities are in better agreement with the field observations. In this condition, mass balance calculations indicate approximately 90% of injected CO2 (20 kg day–1 during 30 days) remains in the soil after 180 days from injection start, consistent with the measured flow through the soil–atmosphere interface. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflections on the Evolution of Smart Polymers
Authors: Gillies Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince Staudinger's recognition that polymers were long chain molecules with covalent bonds between repeating units, the field has evolved tremendously. In addition to their many structural roles, polymers have been developed to exhibit “smart” stimuli‐responsive behavior. This article will describe the evolution of selected classes of smart polymers including those responsive to changes in pH, temperature, light, and mechanical stimuli, as well as self‐immolative polymers and their application in drug delivery, sensors, and actuators. It will also highlight key advancements in polymer chemistry that enabled rapid progress over the past ∼20 years. Whether the key achievements were predictable will be discussed, and the extent to which polymer science remains an independent science versus a service tool will be addressed. Finally, some possibilities for the evolution of the field over the next 20–30 years will be described.
Where the Big Bucks Will Come From: Implementing Product Line Engineering for Railway Rolling Stock
Authors: Chalé Góngora Hugo Guillermo , Greugny François 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a mid‐term return of experience from Alstom's rolling stock division on its implementation of product line engineering (PLE). It describes the journey we have undertaken to implement PLE, the challenges we have had to face, and the manner in which we are finding our way (most of the time deliberately, sometimes fortuitously) to define a profitable reuse strategy and to structure our approach on PLE. The paper also presents some encouraging intermediate results and concludes with the perspectives and the future challenges in our search for product line systems engineering excellence.
Decision‐Driven Product Development
Authors: Hause Matthew , Korff Andreas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTProduct line engineering (PLE) is the engineering and management of a group of related products using a shared set of assets and a means of design and manufacturing. PLE can include systems, software, and assets and involves all aspects of engineering including electrical, electronic, mechanical, and chemical, just to name a few. Engineers normally consider PLE after the product has evolved and complexity becomes too much to manage. Leveraging PLE from the very beginning will identify cost savings and commonality and provide a natural means for product evolution. Orthogonal variability modeling (OVM) provides a natural decision set allowing engineers to perform trade‐offs for specific customers and guide system development along the most effective route. Using automotive examples, this paper will describe model‐based product line engineering (MB‐PLE), the process for creating product lines, and the benefits of this approach as applicable to the military ground vehicle domain. Finally, it will show how the adoption of MB‐PLE early in the development life cycle provides more benefits without the potential disruption and reengineering that can occur when engineers adopt it later in the life cycle.
Seasonal expression and cellular distribution of star and steroidogenic enzymes in quail testis
Authors: Rosati Luigi , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena , Prisco Marina , Di Giacomo Russo Federica , Venditti Massimo , Andreuccetti Piero , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella , Santillo Alessandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe quail Coturnix coturnix is a seasonal breeder with a physiological switch on/off of gonadic activity. Photoperiod and temperature are the major environmental factors regulating the spermatogenesis. To more thoroughly comprehend the steroidogenic pathways that govern the seasonal reproductive cycle, we have investigated the localization of StAR protein and steroidogenic enzymes (3β‐HSD, 17β‐HSD, P450 aromatase, and 5α‐Red) as well as androgen and estrogen levels, in the testis of reproductive and nonreproductive quails. We demonstrated that StAR, 3β‐HSD, 17β‐HSD, P450 aromatase, and 5α‐Red were always present in the somatic (Leydig and Sertoli cells) and germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes I and II, spermatids, and spermatozoa). In addition, by western blot analysis, we demonstrated that 17β‐HSD, P450 aromatase, and 5α‐Red showed the highest expression levels during the reproductive testis compared with nonreproductive one. Accordingly, we also found that during the reproductive phase the highest titres of testosterone, 17β‐estradiol, and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone are recorded. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that in C. coturnix: (a) both somatic and germ cells are involved in the local synthesis of sex hormones; (b) 17β‐HSD, P450 aromatase, and 5α‐Red expressions, as well as testicular androgens and estrogens, increased in reproductive quail testis. This study strongly indicates that the steroidogenic process in quail testis exhibits seasonal changes with the promotion of both androgenic and estrogenic pathways in the reproductive period, suggesting their synergic mechanism in the spermatogenesis regulation.
Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real‐world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region
Authors: Lal Sadhna B , Bolia Rishi , Menon Jagadeesh V , Venkatesh Vybhav , Bhatia Anmol , Vaiphei Kim , Yadav Rakesh , Sethi Sunil 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimAbdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children poses a diagnostic challenge because of its nonspecific clinical features, which often delay the diagnosis. Our aim was to present our real‐world experience and provide an insight into the presentation, pattern of distribution, and diagnosis of the disease.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of case records of all children ≤12 years of age diagnosed with ATB from January 2007 to January 2018. Clinical details and investigations were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 218 children (110 boys), with a median age of 10 (0.25–12) years, were included. There was a median delay of 4 (0.5–36) months in establishing the diagnosis. Abdominal pain, fever, and loss of weight were the most common presenting features, with the triad of symptoms present in 54%. Multiple intra‐abdominal sites were involved in 118 (54%) patients, with a combination of the gastrointestinal tract (I) and abdominal lymph nodes (L) being the most common (53/118). Among children with single‐site involvement (n = 100), the most commonly involved was L in 39 (39%), followed by I in 35(35%). Loss of weight was more common in children with involvement of multiple sites (85/118 vs 60/100, P = 0.03). Overall, a confirmed diagnosis was possible in 94 participants (43.1%). Suggestive imaging had the highest diagnostic yield of 85%. Nine (4.1%) patients needed surgical management.ConclusionA triad of abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss is suggestive of ATB. Multiple intra‐abdominal sites are frequently involved. Microbiological confirmation is possible in only one‐third of the cases.
Evaluation of some distributional downscaling methods as applied to daily maximum temperature with emphasis on extremes
Authors: Lanzante John R. , Adams‐Smith Dennis , Dixon Keith W. , Nath Maryjo , Whitlock Carolyn E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStatistical downscaling methods are extensively used to refine future climate change projections produced by physical models. Distributional methods, which are among the simplest to implement, are also among the most widely used, either by themselves or in conjunction with more complex approaches. Here, building off of earlier work we evaluate the performance of seven methods in this class that range widely in their degree of complexity. We employ daily maximum temperature over the Continental U.S. in a “Perfect Model” approach in which the output from a large‐scale dynamical model is used as a proxy for both observations and model output. Importantly, this experimental design allows one to estimate expected performance under a future high‐emissions climate‐change scenario. We examine skill over the full distribution as well in the tails, seasonal variations in skill, and the ability to reproduce the climate change signal. Viewed broadly, there generally are modest overall differences in performance across the majority of the methods. However, the choice of philosophical paradigms used to define the downscaling algorithms divides the seven methods into two classes, of better versus poorer overall performance. In particular, the bias‐correction plus change‐factor approach performs better overall than the bias‐correction only approach. Finally, we examine the performance of some special tail treatments that we introduced in earlier work which were based on extensions of a widely used existing scheme. We find that our tail treatments provide a further enhancement in downscaling extremes.
The role of N form supply for PGPM‐host plant interactions in maize
Authors: Mpanga Isaac Kwadwo , Gomez-Genao Ninoska , Moradtalab Narges , Wanke Daniel , Chrobaczek Victor , Ahmed Aneesh , Windisch Saskia , Geistlinger Joerg , Hafiz Fatema Binte , Walker Frank , Ludewig Uwe , Neumann Günter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe form of nitrogen (N) supply has a significant impact on rhizosphere chemistry and root growth responses of higher plants. The respective effects are also employed as management options to improve nutrient acquisition and to minimize nutrient losses in cropping systems. However, surprisingly little is known concerning the interactions with rhizosphere biota. In this study, we investigated the effects of selected bacterial and fungal inoculants with proven plant growth‐promoting and phosphate (P)‐solubilizing potential (plant growth‐promoting microorganisms, PGPM) in maize with nitrate or stabilized ammonium supply, on soils with limited P availability and sparingly soluble rock phosphate (Rock‐P) applied as P fertilizer. The combination of the bacterial inoculants Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134 (Proradix) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 with ammonium sulphate fertilization, stabilized with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole‐phosphate (DMPP), resulted in a superior shoot biomass production (79–111%) and shoot P accumulation (109–235%) as compared with nitrate supply. This effect could be partially attributed to (1) ammonium‐induced rhizosphere acidification via increased root extrusion of protons, (2) promotion of root hair elongation, and (3) increased shoot concentrations of hormonal growth regulators (indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin, gibberellic acid). The effects, induced by the microbial inoculants were mainly related to increased root length development (43–44%), associated with a 60% increase in auxin production potential. No inoculant effects were detected on root hair elongation or on chemical modifications of the rhizosphere involved in P solubilisation, such as rhizosphere acidification, release of carboxylates or secretory phosphohydrolases. However, the ammonium‐induced stimulation of root hair elongation increased preferential sites for root colonization by the selected inoculants, which may explain the increase in rhizosphere abundance of PGPMs, exemplarily recorded for the fungal inoculant Trichoderma harzianum OMG16 (210%). The presented data suggest a network of positive interactions between stabilized ammonium fertilization and plant growth‐promoting functions of various bacterial and fungal PGPM inoculants. This offers perspectives to increase the efficiency and the reproducibility of PGPM‐assisted fertilization strategies.