bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Echinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet Pepper Using the Predatory Thrips Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)
Authors: Verachtert Niel , De Smedt Lien , Boonen Sten , Pekas Apostolos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEchinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), also known as poinsettia thrips, has invaded several parts of the world becoming an important pest in many vegetable and ornamental crops. While biological control methods using predatory mites and bugs have been effective against flower‐dwelling thrips, they have shown limited success against leaf‐dwelling thrips like E. americanus. Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) is a leaf‐dwelling predatory thrips that may offer a more effective solution due to its overlapping habitat with E. americanus which increases the likelihood of predator–prey interactions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of F. vespiformis for controlling E. americanus populations in sweet pepper under greenhouse conditions. We also investigated whether supplementing the releases of the predator with Artemia franciscana Kellogg (Branchiopoda: Artemiidae) cysts would enhance the pest control efficacy of F. vespiformis. Our results showed a 93% decrease in the total E. americanus population with releases of F. vespiformis alone and a 98% decrease when the releases of F. vespiformis were supplemented with A. franciscana cysts, both of which were statistically significant compared to the control treatment. There was no significant difference between the two F. vespiformis treatments. Similarly, the abundance of both adults and immature stages of E. americanus was significantly reduced in the presence of F. vespiformis, regardless of the addition of supplementary food. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of F. vespiformis for the biological control of E. americanus and probably other leaf‐dwelling thrip pests in sweet pepper.
Iron and Inflammatory Cytokines Synergistically Induce Colonic Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis in Colitis
Authors: Wang Mo , Zheng Chang , Zhou Fan , Ying Xie , Zhang Xiaoqi , Peng Chunyan , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease that occurs to the intestinal tract. Many patients with IBD often develop anemia and often receive oral iron supplementation. Many of them develop non‐compliance with oral iron therapy, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We interrogated whether colonic epithelial iron overload impacts cell viability and disease severity. We observed increased expression of iron importers and iron accumulation in mature colonocytes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced acute colitis and in humans with active colitis. Administration of hepcidin increased epithelial iron overload and aggravated colonic inflammation in DSS‐treated mice and IL10−/− mice. Hepcidin‐induced iron accumulation increased colonic epithelial death, which was prevented by treatment with Trolox, a vitamin E analog and a scavenger of lipid peroxides. By using cultured Caco‐2 cells, we showed that iron and inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) induced a synergistic increase in the number of necrotic cells. We then showed that the combined treatment by hepcidin and cytokines increased labile iron content and lipid peroxidation in Caco‐2 cells. Moreover, liproxstatin‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, and deferoxamine, an iron chelator, both abolished the hepcidin/cytokines induced death of Caco‐2 cells, suggesting ferroptosis. We further elucidated that inflammatory cytokines promote lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by inducing NOX1‐dependent exhaustion of reduced glutathione (GSH). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the inflammatory context predisposes colonic epithelial cells to iron overload mediated ferroptosis, exacerbating colonic inflammation.
Information sharing and seeking about nutrition‐related complementary and alternative medicines in online forums for people affected by cancer: A content analysis of discussion threads
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Ayre Susannah K. , Kalepa Shanae , Bradford Nathalie , van der Pols Jolieke C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundOnline forums are a key source of information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for people affected by cancer, especially when information needs are not met in healthcare settings. This study therefore investigated nutrition‐related CAM information seeking and sharing in online forums for people affected by cancer.MethodsThis study was conducted in a major online platform that hosts over 10 forums for people affected by cancer and has more than 10,000 registered users. A search strategy was applied to the forums to identify discussion threads with nutrition‐related CAM information from January 2020 to December 2023. Content analysis was used to code the topic of, reason for, and source of nutrition‐related CAM information sought or shared.ResultsOf 121 threads retrieved, 40 eligible threads contained 155 instances of nutrition‐related CAM information seeking or sharing across 86 posts authored by 54 unique users. Most (89%) instances were information sharing rather than seeking. Topics commonly shared included using food items for medicinal purposes (e.g., ginger to reduce nausea) (25%), other sources of nutrition‐related CAM information (e.g., book or naturopath) (17%), and oral nutrition supplements (16%). Most common reasons for sharing nutrition‐related CAM information were strategies to manage treatment side effects (52%) and as complementary treatment (22%). Information shared was mostly sourced from personal opinion (44%) or experience (33%).ConclusionsInformation sharing about nutrition‐related CAM is relatively common in online forums for people affected by cancer. Healthcare professionals should facilitate access to evidence‐based information and advise caution when interpreting information shared in forums.
Short‐term vegetation shifts in an alpine grassland under current and simulated climate change
Authors: Forte T’ai Gladys Whittingham , Carbognani Michele , Vannini Andrea , Chiari Giorgio , Petraglia Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuestionsRecent years have been characterised by extreme climate conditions. Given that high elevations are undergoing enhanced warming and alpine ecosystems provide important services, we ask: Have alpine grasslands experienced rapid vegetation changes over the last five years? Which species are more sensitive to warmer and/or drier conditions?LocationCarex curvula grassland in the southern Alps (Italy).MethodsSpecies cover was visually estimated in 20 permanent plots, including both control and climate‐manipulated plots, during the period 2017–2022. Climate manipulations, that is, increased temperature and/or reduced precipitation during the snow‐free period, started from 2018. Principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and generalised least‐squares or linear mixed‐effect models were employed to investigate variations in species assemblage and species‐specific responses.ResultsDetectable changes were found in species cover over time and between climate manipulations, with warmed plots experiencing greater shifts in species composition compared to controls. At the species level, however, both increases and decreases in cover were observed over time, with only two non‐dominant forbs, Phyteuma hemisphaericum and Leucanthemopsis alpina, showing either increased cover in warmed plots or lower cover values under drier conditions. No treatment effects and the lowest variation across years were found for the two dominant species (the sedge Carex curvula and the forb Alchemilla pentaphyllea) which together make up more than 70% of vascular plant cover. Despite the short time period investigated, a major cover reduction was observed in all treatments for some snowbed species.ConclusionsThe plant species assemblage of the target alpine grassland was found to be sensitive to short‐term manipulations simulating future climate changes, with individual species exhibiting idiosyncratic responses to manipulations and different cover dynamics over time. A decline in some snowbed specialists already seems to be taking place even in these late‐successional grasslands — at a rate likely to increase in the future — with the majority of other vascular species exhibiting greater resistance to changing environmental conditions.
Teen Unions and Intimate Partner Violence in South America
Authors: TORRISI ORSOLA 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrecocious exits from adolescence via early union formation are often argued to represent a strong risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. However, causal evidence for this claim is scant. This study examines the impact of teen union formation (before age 18) on experiences of IPV in Brazil and Colombia, where early family transitions are common and levels of interpersonal violence are high. Using data that allow instrumenting for teen union formation with age at menarche, results show that both Brazilian and Colombian women who start a co‐residential union before age 18 have a higher probability of experiencing psychological violence from partners. Early cohabitation is also linked to greater risk of past‐year sexual abuse among Black/Brown Brazilian women, and lifetime sexual IPV in Colombia, including among women who partnered once. Among testable potential pathways, age‐heterogamy (male partner being older) explains part of the results, but lower educational attainment among early cohabiting women emerges as a key driver in both countries. Education remains a powerful policy tool to confront both forms of gender‐based violence in South America.
Folate Biosynthesis is Boosted in Legume Nodules
Authors: Garza‐Aguilar Sara M. , Ramos‐Parra Perla A. , Urrea‐López Rafael , Berdeja‐Zamudio Wendy J. , Lozano‐Guajardo Josefina , Benavides‐Lozano Jorge , Ramírez‐Yáñez Mario , Díaz de la Garza Rocío I. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSymbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) profoundly alters plant and bacteroid metabolism; however, SNF impact on folates and one‐carbon (1C) metabolism are unknown. To explore this, SNF was induced in Phaseolus Vulgaris with Rhizobium etli. Nodules accumulated the highest folate concentration yet reported in a plant tissue (60 nmol/g fresh weight). Folate upregulation was not exclusive of determinate nodules, moderate to high folate contents were also encounter in Medicago truncatula and sativa. Moreover, folates correlated partial and positively with N2‐fixation. 1C metabolism‐associated amino acids (Ser, Gly, Cys, Thr, and Met) accumulated more in nodules than roots. Subcellular profiling of nodule folates revealed that the cytosol fraction primarily contained 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate, cofactor for Met synthesis. 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate, required for purine synthesis, was most abundant in nodule plastids, while bacteroids contained low folate levels. Differential transcriptome analysis from nodule legume studies revealed that only a few biosynthetic folate genes expression was increased in nodules whereas several genes for 1C reactions were upregulated. For the first time folates were detected in the xylem sap, with higher concentrations during SNF. We postulate that folates are needed during SNF to sustain purines, thymidylate, and Met synthesis, during both N2‐fixation and nodule growth; nodule metabolism is then a 1C‐unit sink.
Evaluation of Adult Individuals' Climate Change Concern and Mental Well‐Being Levels in Türkiye: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Authors: Sümen Adem , Kublay Yelda , Adibelli Derya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between climate change concerns and mental well‐being levels in adult individuals.DesignA descriptive and correlational study.SampleThe study was conducted with 513 adult individuals who applied to primary healthcare institutions between May and October 2022 in Türkiye.MeasurementsThe research data were collected face‐to‐face using an introductory information form, the Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS), and the Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale (WEMWBS).ResultsAmong the occupations of the adults participating in the survey, the group most affected by climate change was greenhouse cultivation with 30.8%. The top three most common events experienced by the participants in the study are forest fire (40.6%), earthquake (29.2%), and flood (19.7%). In the study, the mean CCWS score of adults was 33.92 ± 10.27 and the mean WEMWBS score was 50.20 ± 11.88. A positive correlation was found between the total, anxiety, and feeling of helplessness sub‐dimensions of the CCWS and the mean score of WEMWBS (p < 0.001). The mean scores of CCWS and WEMWBS of the participants who stated that they experienced an extraordinary event related to climate change, who had a relative who experienced these events, who followed these events from the media, and the mean scores of CCWS of those who experienced these events themselves were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). The mean scores of CCWS and WEMWBS were higher for those who experienced forest fire and flood disasters; CCWS for those who experienced tornado; and WEMWBS for those who experienced earthquake and storm/hurricane (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOne of the most important results of the study is that there is a positive relationship between the sub‐dimensions of helplessness due to climate concern and the level of mental well‐being. It is important to increase climate change awareness activities at individual and community levels.
R&D Modes and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Network Structure
Authors: Yan Mengling , Yang Yushan , Hu Yanni , Dong Xiaoying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFirms frequently face two R&D decisions: whether to leverage internal or external resources along the organizational dimension and whether to conduct exploration or exploitation along the technological dimension. The resulting four R&D modes are internal exploration, internal exploitation, external exploration, and external exploitation. Over the past 15 years, as changes in market demand have accelerated and R&D has become more difficult, firms are no longer relying heavily on internal exploitation and are increasingly choosing the other three R&D modes. The majority of extant studies have drawn on ambidexterity theory to examine whether and how the balance of R&D modes contributes to firm performance. However, few studies have directly compared the mechanisms by which the four R&D modes affect firms' short‐ and long‐term performance. Moreover, as firms are increasingly engaging in external R&D collaboration, it is also worth exploring how the characteristics of firms' external network structure moderate these relationships. This work examines the distinctive performance impacts of the four R&D modes by constructing a panel dataset that combines the patent and financial data of 587 Chinese high‐tech firms between 2008 and 2017. Moreover, based on an index (network structure exploitation) that depicts the extent to which firms rely on previous collaborative partners in their current network, this work proposes that a familiar network structure plays different moderating roles in the relationships between the two external R&D modes and financial performance. The findings can help guide high‐tech firms in optimizing R&D resource allocation and establishing efficient collaboration networks.
Studying Everyday Variability in Gender Identity and Expression: An Ambulatory Assessment Perspective
Authors: Mullick Kashvi , Tidwell Colin A. , Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNo literature so far explores gender variability at the day‐to‐day, within‐person level, to what extent aspects of the social context impact this variability, and to what extent transgender, gender non‐conforming, and cisgender people experience this variability similarly or differently. This project explores the potential that ambulatory assessment methods hold for the empirical study of daily gender variability. A review of strengths and limitations of common ambulatory assessment methods is presented, and considerations for how to employ these methods for studying daily gender variability are discussed. Based on this review, and experience studying similar constructs using the methods herein described, we propose that self‐report‐based ambulatory assessments, such as daily diaries and/or experience sampling, may be particularly suited for capturing day‐to‐day variability in aspects of gender identity and that observational ambulatory assessments, such as the Electronically Activated Recorder or wearable cameras/sensors, may be particularly suited for capturing day‐to‐day variability in aspects of gender expression. When used in tandem, these methods can allow the study of daily gender variability jointly from the “inside out” perspective of the agent, and from the “outside in” perspective of the observer. In addition, mixed‐method qualitative elements such as open‐ended descriptions of momentary gender‐related experiences can be incorporated. Ambulatory assessment methods can help researchers better understand gender at the level of daily, within‐person variability.
Living Wages in Latin America: An Assessment of Disparities and a Stakeholder Roadmap for Action
Authors: Caldana Adriana Cristina Ferreira , Leal Filho Walter , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Bonifacio Denise , Pereira Carlo Linkevieius , Barbir Jelena , Guimarães Yana Medeiros 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA living wage (LW) refers to the salary that would be sufficient to cover the costs of a decent living standard for the employee and his family in a specific place. The topic is scarcely discussed in Latin American countries, which could benefit from it since the population of these countries faces several social and economic challenges, such as poor minimum wages (MWs), inflation and high poverty levels, even among employed people. To address this gap, this paper explores the research streams on LWs through a bibliometric assessment and sheds light on three case studies from Latin America evidencing the minimum wage gap in some Latin American countries. The results indicate huge disparities between MWs and LWs and, based on the bibliometric analysis, provide a stakeholder roadmap for action and a maturity level model for companies to adopt LWs.
Spatial distribution and predictors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique: A nationwide Bayesian disease mapping study
Authors: Cuboia Nelson , Mutaquiha Cláudia , Manhiça Ivan , José Benedita , Amaro Marla , Pfumo‐Cuboia Isabel , Nitrogénio Luís , Reis‐Pardal Joana , Zindoga Pereira , Couto Aleny , Azevedo Luís 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionMozambique is among the highest‐burden countries for drug‐resistant tuberculosis in the world. However, the spatial distribution of drug‐resistant tuberculosis, in the country is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the spatial distribution, predictors, and hotspot districts for drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique.MethodWe carried out an ecological study using the district as the unit of analysis where we included all cases of drug‐resistant tuberculosis diagnosed in Mozambique from 2016 to 2020. We obtained the data from the Minister of Health and other open sources. Parameters of interest were estimated through a spatial Bayesian Poisson regression model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsA total of 5092 people with drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique were diagnosed during our study period. We found heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of drug‐resistant tuberculosis incidence across the country. Higher incidence rates were mainly observed in the south and central regions, and 26 (16.9%) districts out of 154 were identified as hotspot areas. The incidence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis increased with an increase in the HIV prevalence (Relative risk [RR]: 1.53; 95% Credibility Interval [CrI]: 1.32 to 1.76), electricity coverage rate (RR: 1.59; 95% CrI: 1.19 to 2.09), and population density (RR: 1.36; 95% CrI: 1.08 to 1.69) and decreased with an increase in the proportion of people with a bank account per district (RR: 0.71; 95% Crl: 0.51 to 0.96).ConclusionThe incidence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis was not homogeneous, and it was associated with social determinants of health. Targeting interventions in hotspot districts and addressing social determinants is crucial for tuberculosis elimination in Mozambique.
O Populismo-Nacionalista e o Backlash a Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Lucas Alves Ribeiro Miguel Mikelli , De Souza Leticia Suely , Lima Santos Darling 
Published: November 2024

A ascensão de governos populistas representa uma ameaça às cortes internacionais de direitos humanos? O viés nacionalista é mais ameaçador às cortes que outros tipos de populismo? Partindo do pressuposto que governos populistas colocam em risco as funcionalidades de instituições internacionais, destaca-se o papel do backlash como estratégia de resistência de governos às cortes internacionais de direitos humanos. Com recorte temporal de 1990 até 2020, dois bancos de dados já existentes são combinados e analisados conjuntamente para classificar a presença do populismo nos casos de resistência e backlash às cortes. No que tange à promoção desses backlashes, foi observado que governos populistas e não populistas não se diferenciam em quantidade, mas populistas reagem mais a críticas de mega-política, e não populistas reagem a interferências domésticas. Outro ponto de distinção está no tipo de backlash utilizado; enquanto os não populistas são mais incisivos na saída, os populistas diversificam. Com relação ao populismo-nacionalista, não se constatou maior ameaça às cortes.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Populismo; Nacionalismo; Backlash; Cortes Internacionais; Direitos Humanos.
Teoria da Agência e descentralização no setor de energia elétrica: Os casos de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Lauro , Palotti Pedro 
Published: November 2024

A descentralização de serviços públicos em federações desiguais e centralizadas implica o estabelecimento de arranjos de cooperação e relações de confiança. No Brasil, a descentralização não levou à diminuição das responsabilidades do governo federal ou à redução de sua esfera de atuação. Pelo contrário, a eficácia da descentralização esteve diretamente ligada à coordenação pelo governo central. Além disso, diversos estudiosos argumentam que, a partir da metade dos anos 1990, o governo federal tem aumentado gradualmente sua capacidade de arrecadação e de regulamentação das decisões de gastos dos governos subnacionais. Na esfera das agências reguladoras, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) delega atividades de fiscalização e ouvidoria aos estados desde sua criação. A partir da Teoria da Agência, esse artigo utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental para compreender dois estudos de caso de como se desenvolveram as relações entre a agência federal e as agências estaduais de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Observou-se elevada heterogeneidade entre as agências estaduais pesquisadas e uma postura de centralização da agência federal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Federalismo; descentralização; agências reguladoras; energia elétrica; Brasil.