bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription of benzodiazepines and antidepressants among Sami and non-Sami — How childhood violence shapes prescription patterns: the SAMINOR 2 questionnaire survey and the Norwegian prescription database
Authors: Eriksen Astrid M. A. , Melhus Marita , Broderstad Ann-Ragnhild , Smylie Janet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Medication for mental health problems represents a significant proportion of overall medication use and the prescription of psychotropic medicine has increased in many western countries over the last decades. Childhood violence (CV) is strongly associated with mental health problems, which in turn may increase the likelihood of being prescribed psychotropic medication. However, the association between CV and prescription of benzodiazepines (BDZ) and antidepressants is rarely described, and no such study has been performed among the Indigenous Sami people.

Methods
Data from the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey (2012) was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. Information on filled prescriptions for BDZ and antidepressants in 2004–2019 was collected for 11,296 persons (55.8% women, 22.6% Sami). Gender-stratified chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests were used to test for differences between groups. Logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between CV and filled prescriptions for BDZ and antidepressants.

Results
During the 16-year study period, 16.7% of all women filled at least one prescription for BDZ. The figures were significantly lower among Sami women (14.1%) compared to non-Sami women (17.4%) (p = .003). Among all women, 23.6% filled at least one prescription for antidepressants, with no difference between ethnic groups. Filled prescriptions among men were 10.0% and 14.2%, respectively, with no difference between ethnic groups. During each year, and in total, a significantly higher proportion of women exposed to CV received at least one prescription for BDZ and antidepressants, respectively, compared to women not exposed to CV, with no differences between ethnic groups. Among men, the pattern was similar.

Conclusion
A lower proportion of Sami women filled prescriptions for BDZ than non-Sami women. Those who reported exposure to CV filled prescriptions for BDZ and antidepressants more often than those who did not report CV. There were no overall differences between Sami and non-Sami; the dispensing rates of antidepressants and BDZ were similar for Sami and non-Sami, and the effects of CV on the dispensing of antidepressants and BDZ were also similar. This study highlights the importance of preventing CV, and of identifying a history of CV when treating adults with mental health problems.
Association of neighborhood-level disadvantage beyond individual sociodemographic factors in patients with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Peoples Jessica , Tanner Jared J. , Bartley Emily J. , Domenico Lisa H. , Gonzalez Cesar E. , Cardoso Josue S. , Lopez-Quintero Catalina , Losin Elizabeth A. Reynolds , Staud Roland , Goodin Burel R. , Fillingim Roger B. , Terry Ellen L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poorer pain-related outcomes. Further, the neighborhood environments of disadvantaged communities can create a milieu of increased stress and deprivation that adversely affects pain-related and other health outcomes. Socioenvironmental variables such as the Area Deprivation Index, which ranks neighborhoods based on socioeconomic factors could be used to capture environmental aspects associated with poor pain outcomes. However, it is unclear whether the ADI could be used as a risk assessment tool in addition to individual-level SES.

Methods
The current study investigated whether neighborhood-level disadvantage impacts knee pain-related outcomes above sociodemographic measures. Participants were 188 community-dwelling adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White and reported knee pain. Area Deprivation Index (ADI; measure of neighborhood-level disadvantage) state deciles were derived for each participant. Participants reported educational attainment and annual household income as measures of SES, and completed several measures of pain and function: Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Graded Chronic Pain Scale were completed, and movement-evoked pain was assessed following the Short Physical Performance Battery. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to assess whether environmental and sociodemographic measures (i.e., ADI 80/20 [80% least disadvantaged and 20% most disadvantaged]; education/income, race) were associated with pain-related clinical outcomes.

Results
Living in the most deprived neighborhood was associated with poorer clinical knee pain-related outcomes compared to living in less deprived neighborhoods (ps < 0.05). Study site, age, BMI, education, and income explained 11.3–28.5% of the variance across all of the individual pain-related outcomes. However, the ADI accounted for 2.5–4.2% additional variance across multiple pain-related outcomes.

Conclusion
The ADI accounted for a significant amount of variance in pain-related outcomes beyond the control variables including education and income. Further, the effect of ADI was similar to or higher than the effect of age and BMI. While the effect of neighborhood environment was modest, a neighborhood-level socioenvironmental variable like ADI might be used by clinicians and researchers to improve the characterization of patients’ risk profile for chronic pain outcomes.
Laparoscopic versus open lumbar sympathectomy in critical limb threatening ischemia patients in Egypt
Authors: Shaalan Wael E. , Elemam Ali A. , Lotfy Hassan , Naga Ahmad R. , Mohamed Mohamed I. , Dean Yomna E. , Abdelbaki Tamer N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment of critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is revascularization. Lumbar sympathectomy (LS) could be attempted when this is not amenable. Using laparoscopic techniques to perform LS adds the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.

Methods
Twenty-four patients, presenting with non-reconstructable CLTI and rest pain, were randomly divided into group I (14 patients) who underwent retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy (RPLS) and group II (10 patients) who had conventional open lumber sympathectomy (COLS).

Results
RPLS patients had shorter hospital stays, fewer intraoperative complications, and less postoperative pain. However, the mean operative time was significantly longer (86.4 ± 9.1 min, p-value: 0.02) in the RPLS group but decreased with each subsequent case after that. The differences in post-operative capillary refill time, ABI, TBI, and TcPO2 were not statistically significant between both groups (p-values: 0.97, 0.13, 0.32, 0.10, respectively). However, the difference in the quality-of-life score was statistically significant; the mean (± SD) SF-36 score increased from 48 ± 6.8 to 81 ± 4.4 (p-value < 0.001) in RPLS group compared to 52 ± 8.8 to 59 ± 1.2 (p-value: 0.52) in COLS group.

Conclusion
RPLS is feasible, safe, and has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery: minimal blood loss, less intraoperative complications, shorter hospital stay, and less postoperative pain. However, the operative time in RPLS cases is longer than in the COLS; training on the procedure is recommended to improve the learning curve.
Strengthening healthcare providers’ leadership capabilities, interprofessional collaboration, and systems thinking: a conceptualization of the Clinical Scholars program impact
Authors: Carr Tara , Rosas Scott , Noble Cheryl , Song Michelle , Fernandez Claudia S. P. , Brandert Kathleen , Donnald Kathy , Corbie Giselle , Dave Gaurav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Healthcare provider leadership programs represent an intervention opportunity to support advancement of the national system of care and an evaluation of their program impacts is needed. Between 2016 and 2023, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) funded Clinical Scholars (CS), a three-year equity-centered leadership training program for US healthcare providers. CS recruited participants (referred to as Fellows) in cohorts and engaged them as members of interprofessional teams to transform their careers and the health of their communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate Fellows’ perspectives on the success of CS, specifically the program elements and their importance for community well-being and sustainability.

Methods
We used the mixed methods group concept mapping (GCM) approach to evaluate Fellows’ perspectives on program success. First, we conducted the qualitative phases of brainstorming, sorting, and rating with Fellows. Secondly, we conducted the quantitative phases using multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis and integrated the sorting and rating information from each Fellow to develop a series of concept maps. Finally, we conducted the interpretation phase to synthesize findings. Fellows (N = 177) across five cohorts were invited to participate in the study.

Results
Fifty-seven Fellows (32%) completed one or more GCM phases. A conceptual map emerged, consisting of seven thematic clusters, which showed that program value could be attributed to the following elements: “Resources”, “Wicked Problem Impact Project (WPIP) Support”, “Curriculum”, “Thinking Bigger”, “Leadership Training”, “Networking”, and “Teamwork.” The pattern match showed that all seven clusters were highly rated by Fellows across the Community Well-being Impact and Sustainability domains.

Conclusion
Study findings support the value of the RWJF-CS program strategy of long-term investment in the development of healthcare leaders with applied skills in interprofessional collaboration who will be prepared to continue addressing complex, multi-faceted challenges in the system of care.
Predicting post-COVID-19 condition in children and young people up to 24 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test: the CLoCk study
Authors: Nugawela Manjula D. , Stephenson Terence , Shafran Roz , Chalder Trudie , Dalrymple Emma , Ford Tamsin , Fox-Smith Lana , Harnden Anthony , Heyman Isobel , Ladhani Shamez N. , McOwat Kelsey , Simmons Ruth , Swann Olivia , Whittaker Elizabeth ,   CLoCk Consortium, De Stavola Bianca , Crawley Esther , Sharma Kishan , Buszewicz Marta , Levin Michael , Garg Shruti , Poustie Vanessa , Pinto Pereira Snehal M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Predicting which children and young people (CYP) are at the highest risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) could improve care pathways. We aim to develop and validate prediction models for persistent PCC up to 24 months post-infection in CYP.

Methods
CYP who were PCR-positive between September 2020 and March 2021, with follow-up data up to 24-months post-infection, were analysed. Persistent PCC was defined in two ways, as PCC at (a) 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 943) or (b) 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 2373). Prediction models were developed using logistic regression; performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination measures; internal validation was performed via bootstrapping; the final model was adjusted for overfitting.

Results
While 24.7% (233/943) of CYP met the PCC definition 3 months post-infection, only 7.2% (68/943) continued to meet the PCC definition at all three subsequent timepoints, i.e. at 6, 12 and 24 months. The final models predicting risk of persistent PCC (at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and at 6, 12 and 24 months) contained sex (female), history of asthma, allergy problems, learning difficulties at school and family history of ongoing COVID-19 problems, with additional variables (e.g. older age at infection and region of residence) in the model predicting PCC at 6, 12 and 24 months. Internal validation showed minimal overfitting of models with good calibration and discrimination measures (optimism-adjusted calibration slope: 1.064–1.142; C-statistic: 0.724–0.755).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, these are the only prediction models estimating the risk of CYP persistently meeting the PCC definition up to 24 months post-infection. The models could be used to triage CYP after infection. CYP with factors predicting longer-term symptomology, may benefit from earlier support.
rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination in people with pre-existing immunity to Ebolavirus: an open-label safety and immunogenicity study in Guinean communities affected by Ebola virus disease (l’essai proches)
Authors: Watson Conall H. , Gsell Pierre-Stéphane , Hall Yper , Camacho Anton , Riveros Ximena , Enwere Godwin , Vicari Andrea , Nadlaou Séverine Danmadji , Toure Alhassane , Sani Ismaila M. , Diallo Abdourahamane , Kolie Cece , Duraffour Sophie , Ifono Kékoura , Maomou Andre , Dore Kassie , Djidonou Honora A. , Bagayoko Aminata , Damey Philos P. , Camara Mabetty Nancy , Diallo Fatoumata Battouly , Oumar Fofana Thierno , Toure Kalidou , Diaby Mohamed Lamine , Sylla Lansana , Conde Doussou , Kaba Ibrahima Lansana , Tipton Tom , Eggo Rosalind M. , Marks Michael , Roberts Chrissy H. , Strecker Thomas , Günther Stephan , Keita Sakoba , Edmunds W. John , Carroll Miles W. , Henao-Restrepo Ana Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Zaire Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks can be controlled using rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and other public health measures. People in high-risk areas may have pre-existing antibodies from asymptomatic Ebolavirus exposure that might affect response to rVSV-ZEBOV. Therefore, we assessed the impact pre-existing immunity had on post-vaccination IgG titre, virus neutralisation, and reactogenicity following vaccination.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 2115 consenting close contacts (“proches”) of EVD survivors were recruited. Proches were vaccinated with rVSV-ZEBOV and followed up for 28 days for safety and immunogenicity. Anti-GP IgG titre at baseline and day 28 was assessed by ELISA. Samples from a representative subset were evaluated using live virus neutralisation.

Results
Ten percent were seropositive at baseline. At day 28, IgG in baseline seronegative (GMT 0.106 IU/ml, 95% CI: 0.100 to 0.113) and seropositive (GMT 0.237 IU/ml, 0.210 to 0.267) participants significantly increased from baseline (both p < 0.0001). There was strong correlation between antibody titres and virus neutralisation in day 28 samples (Spearman’s rho 0.75). Vaccinees with baseline IgG antibodies against Zaire Ebolavirus had similar safety profiles to those without detectable antibodies (63.6% vs 66.1% adults experienced any adverse event; 49.1% vs 60.9% in children), with almost all adverse events graded as mild. No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination. No EVD survivors tested positive for Ebolavirus by RT-PCR.

Conclusions
These data add further evidence of rVSV-ZEBOV safety and immunogenicity, including in people with pre-existing antibodies from suspected natural ZEBOV infection whose state does not blunt rVSV-ZEBOV immune response. Pre-vaccination serological screening is not required.
Integrating trauma- and violence-informed care in perinatal services to support adolescent mothers in low and middle-income countries: a call to action
Authors: Nkurunziza Aimable , Smye Victoria L. , Wathen C. Nadine , Tryphonopoulos Panagiota , Jackson Kimberley T. , Cechetto David F. , Gishoma Darius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdolescent pregnancy is a significant global health issue, particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In these regions, adolescent pregnancy is often seen as deviant, irresponsible, and shameful behavior, impacting not just the young mother but her entire family and community. Consequently, adolescent mothers frequently face ostracization, stigma, and discrimination from their families and communities. Many also endure various forms of trauma and violence before and during pregnancy. These traumatic experiences disproportionately affect the mental health of adolescent mothers in LMICs, influencing their ability to access perinatal services and which can affect their physical health and well-being, as well as that of their unborn children. When systems, guidelines and healthcare providers in perinatal services are not supported to adopt trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC) principles, they risk perpetuating or overlooking the trauma experienced by adolescent mothers. This paper emphasizes that the perinatal environment in LMICs often does not feel safe for either adolescent mothers or their healthcare providers, potentially leading to re-traumatization. Therefore, implementing TVIC can help create safer perinatal services for both adolescent mothers and their providers.
Comparing retro-cue benefit mechanisms in visual working memory: completely valid vs. highly valid retro-cues
Authors: Liu Qiang , Guo Lijing , Nie Dan , Fu Kai , Ye Chaoxiong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVisual working memory (VWM) plays a crucial role in temporarily maintaining and manipulating visual information. Retro-cue benefit (RCB) refers to the enhancement of memory performance when attention is directed toward a subset of items in VWM after their initial encoding. Our recent electroencephalogram (EEG) studies indicate that cue validity affects the mechanisms underlying RCB formation. However, previous research has not thoroughly examined whether these mechanisms differ between completely valid and highly valid cue conditions. This study investigates the consistency of RCB mechanisms under conditions of complete (100%) and high (80%) retro-cue validity. We manipulated retro-cue validity and examined cognitive processing mechanisms under different validity conditions using EEG. Specifically, we focused on the N2pc component, which reflects attentional resource allocation, and the contralateral delay activity (CDA) component, which reflects the quantity of information retained in VWM. The results, encompassing both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) findings, show that participants in both the 100% and 80% cue validity conditions exhibit robust RCB. Notably, the degree of RCB remains consistent across these conditions, indicating that participants utilize retro-cues to enhance VWM performance to the same extent. In the 80% cue validity condition, a significant retro-cue cost (RCC) was observed, indicating that participants selectively discarded uncued items from VWM. In invalid trials, response accuracy drops to chance levels, supporting the removal hypothesis. ERP results reveal that attentional resource allocation (N2pc) and the quantity of retained information (CDA) remain uniform across cue validity conditions. The mechanism responsible for RCB formation appears to involve an all-or-nothing process of discarding uncued information rather than a flexible resource allocation strategy. This study provides insights into attention allocation and information-processing mechanisms in VWM, suggesting that conclusions drawn from tasks with completely valid retro-cues can be integrated with findings from highly valid cue tasks. These findings also illuminate the flexibility of internal attentional resource allocation during RCB formation and contribute to our understanding of attention processes in VWM.
Resource supply and demand model of military settlements in the cold weapon era: case of Zhenbao Town, Ming Great Wall
Authors: Bai Jinni , Bian Junjie , Wang Zhao , Yuan Sinan , Mu Nanshuo , Xiao Tiankai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As an important military defense project in Chinese history, the Ming Dynasty Great Wall and its associated military settlements played a crucial role in maintaining border security. A systematic analysis of how military settlements allocated resources based on external threats and geo-strategic needs is essential to understanding their settlements defense systems. However, this aspect has been relatively under-explored in existing research. Therefore, a resource allocation assessment model for Great Wall military settlements during the Cold Weapon era is established to facilitate a more scientific analysis and quantitative assessment of Military Defense Capabilities(MDC) and Military Requirements(MR). This study employs a combined Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach to determine the weight of each indicator for both military defense capability and military requirement. Spatial clustering using K-means is conducted to visualize the distribution of these strengths and weaknesses. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model links military requirements with defense capabilities, assessing the relationship between settlement locations and historical battle sites. Residual analysis is utilized to identify areas of resource over-allocation or under-allocation. The study reveals that the regional differences in military defense capabilities and requirements within the Zhenbao Town area during the Ming Dynasty correspond closely with the locations of frequent conflicts. This finding suggests that the distribution of defensive capabilities were strengthened in areas with challenging terrain, while the effectiveness and allocation of defense capabilities were determined by logistical support and transportation conditions. This study enhances our understanding of historical military strategies from a historical geography perspective and offers innovative insights for analyzing Great Wall settlement, moving beyond mere sensory intuition and historical experience.
Development and characterization of a novel wheat-rye T2DS·2DL-2RL translocation line with high stripe rust resistance
Authors: Ji Yuzhou , Han Guohao , Gong Wenping , Han Ran , Wang Xiaolu , Bao Yinguang , Li Jianbo , Liu Aifeng , Li Haosheng , Liu Jianjun , Ma Pengtao , Liu Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRye (Secale cereale L.), a close relative of common wheat, represents a valuable genetic resource for enhancing the disease resistance of common wheat. Introducing novel rye-derived genes into wheat can potentially improve disease resistance. In this study, we successfully developed a novel wheat-rye derivative line LCR4 through hybridization between hexaploid triticale line Currency and common wheat cultivar Jimai 22 (JM22). We confirmed that LCR4 was a T2DS·2DL-2RL translocation line via comprehensive molecular cytogenetic analyses, including genomic in situ hybridization, multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization, molecular marker analysis, and wheat SNP-arrays genotyping. Notably, upon inoculation with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) race V26 at the seedling stage and mixed Pst races at the adult stage, LCR4 exhibited robust resistance against stripe rust infection at both stages. Subsequent genetic analysis further elucidated that the translocated 2RL chromosome segment is responsible for this resistance. Consequently, LCR4 harboring elite agronomic traits can be effectively employed in breeding programs against stripe rust.