bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to read in Chinese: Evidence for reciprocal relationships between word reading and oral language skills
Authors: Hulme Charles , Zhou Lulin , Tong Xiuli , Lervåg Arne , Burgoyne Kelly 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the longitudinal predictors of the development of Chinese word reading skills and potential bidirectional relationships between Chinese word reading and oral language skills. We examine, in a 2‐year longitudinal study, a wide range of theoretically important predictors (phonological awareness, tone awareness, morphological awareness, visual skills, rapid automatized naming, Pinyin knowledge, and vocabulary knowledge) of reading in 143 primary‐school children living in mainland China. Initial levels of reading were predicted by vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, and visual discrimination skills. Only initial reading levels predicted growth in reading. Initial reading also predicted growth in vocabulary knowledge and morphological construction. This pattern demonstrates that the early stages of learning to read in Chinese places demands on semantic (vocabulary) and visual skills in addition to phonological skills. Furthermore, early levels of word reading predict the growth of vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness suggesting that the development of these oral language skills is facilitated by learning to read.
Child neurodevelopment and mental health after surgical ventricular septal defect repair: risk and protective factors
Authors: Eichler Anna , Köhler‐Jonas Nicola , Stonawski Valeska , Purbojo Ariawan , Moll Gunther H , Heinrich Hartmut , Cesnjevar Robert A , Kratz Oliver 
Published: August 2018

AimThis case–control study examined the long‐term consequences of surgical correction for ventricular septal defect (VSD; the most common congenital heart defect) in infancy. It assessed children who had undergone VSD surgery and the factors related to maternal conditions, surgery, and hospital stay.MethodThirty‐nine children (23 females, 16 males; age range 6y 1mo–9y 7mo [mean 7y 4mo, SD 1y]) with repaired isolated, non‐syndromic, non‐genetic VSD were compared with 39 typically developing children (22 females, 17 males; age range 6y–9y 2mo [mean 7y 3mo, SD 10mo]). The children completed behavioural tests of neurodevelopment and a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. Mothers rated children's emotional/behavioural symptoms and QoL. Measures of maternal parenting behaviour and psychopathology were treated as moderators.ResultsAffected children showed reduced language skills (p=0.002) unless mothers reported high parenting behaviour subscale scores (p=0.04). Children's anxiety symptoms were elevated when mothers had anxiety symptoms (p=0.01). Longer hospital stay was associated with lower intelligence (p=0.003) and psychomotor scores (p=0.006). Longer scars predicted elevated child anxiety (p=0.008), and age at surgery and QoL were inversely related (p=0.01).InterpretationImpairments could be mitigated if VSD repair was performed early in life with a relatively small scar and uncomplicated hospital stay. This outcome depends on maternal parenting behaviour and anxiety symptoms.What this paper adds

Children's cognitive and psychomotor development after surgical ventricular septal defect repair was unimpaired.

Children showed no mental health restrictions when their mothers reported few anxiety symptoms themselves.

Language impairments might be preventable by pro‐active parenting.

The outcome also depends on variables related to surgery and hospital stay.
Lower limb muscle fatigue during walking in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M , Brændvik Siri M , Bardal Ellen Marie , Houdijk Han , Dallmeijer Annet J , Roeleveld Karin 
Published: August 2018

AimTo investigate whether more prominent signs of muscle fatigue occur during self‐paced walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP) compared to typically developing peers.MethodIn this case–control study, 13 children with CP (four males, nine females; mean age [SD] 11y 4mo [3y 8mo]; nine in Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I, three in GMFCS level II, and one in GMFCS level III) and 14 typically developing peers (nine males, five females; mean age [SD] 9y 10mo [1y 10mo]) walked 5 minutes overground at a self‐selected walking speed. Electromyography (EMG) median frequency and root mean square (RMS) were identified per gait cycle from EMG recordings of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, soleus, rectus femoris, and semitendinosus. Rate of change in those variables was analysed using mixed linear model analyses.ResultsThe decrease in EMG median frequency of gastrocnemius medialis and soleus and increase in EMG‐RMS of tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus were significantly larger in the most affected leg of children with CP compared with typically developing peers.InterpretationIncreased selective muscle fatigue of the lower leg muscles was observed during self‐paced walking in children with mild‐to‐moderate severe CP. This could contribute to and account for limited walking capacity.What this paper adds

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) show more signs of lower leg muscle fatigue than typically developing peers.

No signs of muscle fatigue were observed in upper leg muscles of children with CP.
Optimal pheromone trap density for mass trapping cacao mirids
Authors: Sarfo Joseph E. , Campbell Colin A.M. , Hall David R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSahlbergella singularis Haglund and Distantiella theobroma (Distant) (Heteroptera: Miridae) are the key insect pests of cacao in Ghana and elsewhere in West Africa. Since 1954, spraying with synthetic insecticides has been the principal means of controlling these pests. In West Africa, environmental concerns, economic stimuli, and unreliable access to insecticides have stimulated interest in ecologically more benign mirid control strategies as an alternative to a total reliance on insecticides. Males of both mirid species, and those of the less damaging Bryocoropsis laticollis Schumacher, respond to the same synthetic sex pheromone blend, so pheromone‐based strategies may provide control as well as monitoring opportunities. Pheromone traps were deployed for 3 months at nine densities between two and 30 traps per 0.1 ha plot (20–300 traps ha−1) plus an untreated control treatment in a replicated large‐scale field experiment on mature mixed Upper Amazon hybrid cacao in Ghana, in order to determine the optimal dispenser density for mass trapping, lure‐and‐kill, and/or lure‐and‐infect. At the end of the trapping period, mirid populations in the various treatments were assessed by insecticide knockdown on 400 trees and by searches to hand height on 1 200 trees, together with an assessment of mirid damage. In total 781 S. singularis and 235 D. theobroma were captured in the pheromone traps. The optimal dispenser density for S. singularis was 150 traps ha−1. Over 300 traps ha−1 was probably optimal for D. theobroma as a smaller proportion of the population was captured, and numbers caught per trap displayed no decline with increasing trap density. From insecticide knockdowns, mirid population density was estimated at 220–230 ha−1, 63% of which were D. theobroma. Too few pods and orthotropic shoots were damaged by mirids to establish the efficacy of pheromone trapping for mirid control.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated demyelination: comparison between onset phenotypes
Authors: Zhou Y. , Jia X. , Yang H. , Chen C. , Sun X. , Peng L. , Kermode A. G. , Qiu W. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to analyse the clinical and prognostic features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated demyelination with different onset phenotypes.MethodsA total of 52 MOG‐IgG‐seropositive patients were divided into four groups: (i) optic neuritis (ON) at onset (MOG‐ON+, n = 23), (ii) transverse myelitis (TM) at onset (MOG‐TM+, n = 12), (iii) pure brain symptoms at onset (MOG‐ON−‐TM−, n = 14) and (iv) both ON and TM at onset (n = 3). This final group was not included in further analyses. Data were collected through medical records and regular follow‐up.ResultsMedian age at presentation was 24 (range, 3–63) years in the whole cohort (50% female). MOG‐ON−‐TM− patients had the youngest age of onset across the three groups. Patients with MOG‐TM+ tended to relapse more frequently and had a longer interval to first relapse than was observed in MOG‐ON+ and MOG‐ON−‐TM− patients. High MOG‐IgG titres were associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes. The likelihood of harbouring transient, low MOG‐IgG titres was higher in the MOG‐TM+ group than in the other groups. After a median disease duration of 20 months, most but not all cases had a favourable outcome, with 8% developing severe visual deficit, 2% becoming wheelchair‐dependent and 6% developing cognitive impairment. The onset phenotype appeared to be an important predictor of disability type. Having high MOG‐IgG titres (odds ratio, 0.168, P = 0.027) or female gender (odds ratio, 0.270, P = 0.067) was associated with a lower likelihood of complete recovery.ConclusionsOnset phenotype may influence long‐term presentation, MOG‐IgG status as well as outcome. Further large and prospective studies are needed to better clarify the clinical implications of the first demyelinating event.
Ecosystem structure and function of afrotropical streams with contrasting land use
Authors: Fugère Vincent , Jacobsen Dean , Finestone Erin H. , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Land use changes can strongly influence stream ecosystems, yet these effects remain poorly documented in many hotspots of deforestation such as tropical Africa. The few studies conducted in this region have mostly focused on structural aspects of stream integrity; sparse data are available for key ecosystem processes such as ecosystem metabolism and litter decomposition.

To address this knowledge gap, we measured multiple ecosystem functions in rainforest and nearby agricultural (farm) streams located in an afrotropical deforestation hotspot. In two farm and forest stream pairs, we quantified the standing stock biomass of basal resources and invertebrate functional feeding groups, measured rates of litter decomposition (microbial and shredder‐mediated) and modelled invertebrate secondary production. We also calculated whole‐stream metabolic parameters over multiple weeks. To test the regional generality of our results, we then reanalysed a published dataset and assessed the functional composition of invertebrate communities from many local streams.

We found that farm streams had greater algal standing stocks, gross primary production (GPP) and production‐to‐respiration ratios than forest streams, although they remained strongly heterotrophic with relatively low GPP values. Agricultural land use also led to the almost complete extirpation of invertebrate shredders, resulting in much slower litter decomposition rates at farm than forest sites despite comparable rates of microbial decomposition. Finally, farm streams had lower invertebrate biomass despite abundant basal resources, leading to a 41%–66% reduction in estimated invertebrate production.

We speculate that the functional response of our streams to agricultural land use (i.e., a modest increase in GPP but large declines in invertebrate production and shredder‐mediated litter decomposition rates) could be common across the afrotropics due to low fertiliser usage in this region and/or features of the local fauna. Although our study focuses a small number of streams, the large effect sizes that we report suggest that afrotropical streams could be strongly affected by rapid land use changes in the region, highlighting the need for additional research, monitoring, and conservation efforts in this poorly studied area of the world that is under increasing human pressures.
Public involvement in health and social sciences research: A concept analysis
Authors: Hughes Mel , Duffy Catherine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch funding bodies have significantly increased emphasis on the need for public involvement in research with the requirement to evidence effective methods and approaches to achieving this. Specific definitions and approaches within published research remain tokenistic and vague.ObjectiveThe concept analysis explores and clarifies the nature and meaning of public involvement in health and social sciences research and identifies operational definitions which can be used to guide, develop and evaluate public involvement in research activity.Search strategyA literature search was conducted using online databases. Systematic literature reviews and broader studies on the impact of PPI were included as was grey literature such as guidance from INVOLVE and research funding bodies. Limits were set to papers published in the last 10 years and in the English language. A concept analysis framework adapted from Rodgers (Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques and Applications. London, UK: Saunders; 2000) and Walker and Avant (Strategies for Theory construction in Nursing. Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2005) was applied.Main resultsFive operational definitions were developed from the concept analysis: undefined involvement; targeted consultation; embedded consultation; co‐production; and user‐led research. Typical examples of each approach were identified from the literature. Defining attributes included having clear and agreed meaning and purpose for any involvement; reciprocal relationships; and value and recognition of the expertise of all those involved.ConclusionsThe authors argue the need for researchers to more explicitly incorporate and evaluate details of approaches used. Impact of public involvement on a research study should be identified when reporting on findings to prevent tokenistic practices where involvement is viewed as secondary to the core research process.
Does CSF1 overexpression or rearrangement influence biological behaviour in tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the knee?
Authors: Mastboom Monique J L , Hoek Daisy M , Bovée Judith V M G , van de Sande Michiel A J , Szuhai Károly 
Published: August 2018

AimsLocalised‐ and diffuse‐type tenosynovial giant cell tumours (TGCT) are regarded as different clinical and radiological TGCT types. However, genetically and histopathologically they seem indistinguishable. We aimed to correlate CSF1 expression and CSF1 rearrangement with the biological behaviour of different TGCT‐types with clinical outcome (recurrence).Methods and resultsAlong a continuum of extremes, therapy‐naive knee TGCT patients with >3‐year follow‐up, mean age 43 (range = 6–71) years and 56% females were selected. Nine localised (two recurrences), 16 diffuse‐type (nine recurrences) and four synovitis as control were included. Rearrangement of the CSF1 locus was evaluated with split‐apart fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) probes. Regions were selected to score after identifying CSF1‐expressing regions, using mRNA ISH with the help of digital correlative microscopy. CSF1 rearrangement was considered positive in samples containing >2 split signals/100 nuclei. Irrespective of TGCT‐subtype, all cases showed CSF1 expression and in 76% CSF1 rearrangement was detected. Quantification of CSF1‐expressing cells was not informative, due to the extensive intratumour heterogeneity. Of the four synovitis cases, two also showed CSF1 expression without CSF1 rearrangement. No correlation between CSF1 expression or rearrangement with clinical subtype and local recurrence was detected. Both localised and diffuse TGCT cases showed a scattered distribution in the tissue of CSF1‐expressing cells.ConclusionIn diagnosing TGCT, CSF1 mRNA‐ISH, in combination with CSF1 split‐apart FISH using digital correlative microscopy, is an auxiliary diagnostic tool to identify rarely occurring neoplastic cells. This combined approach allowed us to detect CSF1 rearrangement in 76% of the TGCT cases. Neither CSF1 expression nor presence of CSF1 rearrangement could be associated with the difference in biological behaviour of TGCT.
Longitudinal evaluation of markers of inflammation in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Rwandan women
Authors: Kiefer EM , Hoover DR , Shi Q , Dusingize JC , Sinayobye JD , Anastos K 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesAfrican women are disproportionately affected by HIV infection and may experience non‐AIDS‐related complications associated with inflammation. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), d‐dimer and transthyretin have been examined as inflammatory markers elsewhere, but it is unclear how they change over time in HIV‐negative or HIV‐positive African women with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.MethodsWe examined hsCRP, d‐dimer and transthyretin levels at baseline and at follow‐up of ≥2 years in 185 HIV‐negative and 510 HIV‐positive Rwandan women who were ART naïve at study entry. Generalized estimating equations for each marker were used to investigate the association with HIV infection/CD4 count, ART and follow‐up time.ResultsCompared with HIV‐negative women, HIV‐positive women had higher hsCRP and d‐dimer and lower transthyretin concentrations, with greater differences at lower CD4 counts. After adjusting for CD4 count and other factors, ART was not significantly associated with log hsCRP (P = 0.36) at follow‐up, but was independently associated with lower log d‐dimer (P = 0.03) and higher transthyretin (P = 0.0008) concentrations. At ≥ 2 years of follow‐up, hsCRP had not significantly changed in any group but log d‐dimer had decreased significantly in all groups. Transthyretin declined significantly over time in HIV‐negative women and HIV‐positive non‐ART initiators, but increased significantly in HIV‐positive ART initiators.ConclusionsHIV infection and advanced immune suppression were associated with higher hsCRP and d‐dimer and lower transthyretin concentrations. ART (independently of CD4 changes) was significantly associated with decreases in d‐dimer and increases in transthyretin, but, in contrast to other studies, was not associated with decreases in hsCRP. We found no change in hsCRP over time in any group.
Peripheral artery disease in HIV‐infected older adults on antiretroviral treatment in Thailand
Authors: Aurpibul L , Sugandhavesa P , Srithanaviboonchai K , Sitthi W , Tangmunkongvorakul A , Chariyalertsak C , Rerkasem K 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesHIV infection has become a chronic disease requiring long‐term treatment. Premature cardiovascular disease resulting from atherosclerosis in the HIV‐infected population has been observed. We assessed the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common consequence of atherosclerosis, in HIV‐infected patients aged ≥ 50 years receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 12 community hospitals in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age ≥ 50 years, (2) positive HIV status, and (3) currently receiving ART. Age‐ and sex‐matched hospital patients without documented HIV infection were enrolled as a comparison group. Clinical data were extracted from hospital records. Personal information and details of PAD‐related symptoms were obtained through face‐to‐face interviews. The diagnosis of PAD was made using ankle‐brachial index (ABI) measurement.ResultsSeven hundred and twenty‐four participants were enrolled in the study (362 HIV‐infected patients and 362 patients in the comparison group). In the HIV‐infected group, 43% were male; the mean (± standard deviation) age was 57.8 ± 5.6 years. The mean (± standard deviation) times from HIV diagnosis and ART initiation were 10.0 ± 4.3 and 8.6 ± 3.5 years, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal ABI (< 1.00) was significantly lower in the HIV‐infected group than in the comparison group (20 versus 27%, respectively; P = 0.03), while that of PAD (ABI ≤ 0.90) was not significantly different between the two groups (5 and 7%, respectively). In the HIV‐infected group, female sex and low body mass index were independently associated with abnormal ABI.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PAD when measured by ABI in HIV‐infected older adults was relatively low. A follow‐up study to determine the incidence of PAD and its persistence with time is warranted.
The food neophobia scale and young adults’ intention to eat insect products
Authors: Sogari Giovanni , Menozzi Davide , Mora Cristina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the coming years, the new EU Regulation on Novel Food is likely to facilitate the development of a niche market for insects and insect‐based ingredients in many European countries. In this research, the aim is to explore the relationship between willingness to try (WTT) and behavior of eating insects, where the independent variables are food neophobia, sensory property expectations, and previous consumption. In total, 88 Italian participants took part in the study. The food neophobia scale (FNS) was constructed using 9 of the 10 items from the original FNS, and a Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that males are more open to trying insects than females, and food neophobia is negatively correlated with the willingness to eat insects. Findings also indicate that the first exposure to insects positively increases consumers’ sensory property expectations. Intention to try is a strong predictor of the behavior of eating insects. People who scored lower on the FNS were more likely to try (intention) and consequently eat insects (behavior). These findings enhance knowledge about factors which could lead to lower levels of negative prejudice and greater willingness to taste edible insects among Western consumers. Finally, some marketing implications are discussed, like the need of information campaigns to emphasize positive sensory attributes of edible insects to increase the WTT this unfamiliar food.
The impact of atopic dermatitis on sexual health
Authors: Misery L. , Seneschal J. , Reguiai Z. , Merhand S. , Héas S. , Huet F. , Taieb C. , Ezzedine K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSexual health is frequently affected by chronic diseases but has been poorly investigated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for impaired sexual desire and its relationship with the burden and quality of life of patients with AD.MethodsA multicentre prospective transversal study in patients with AD. Socio‐demographic and clinical data were obtained from all patients using a specifically developed questionnaire. In addition, patients were asked to answer validated scales, that is ABS‐A, DLQI, SF‐12 and EQ‐5D.ResultsA total of 1024 patients participated in the study. Severity of AD, sites involved and treatment type was found to negatively impact the sexual desire of patients and their partners. In addition, the involvement of the genital and visible areas was associated with a higher burden and more significant alterations in quality of life.ConclusionsThe results of this study are substantial and clearly demonstrate the deep impact of AD on sexual health, its relationship with disease‐related burden and alterations to quality of life. Psychosociological as well as neurosensory phenomena could help to understand these data.