bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligent approach for examining and detecting target data fragments in suspected large storage drives
Authors: Bharadwaj Nitesh K. , Singh Upasna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ever increasing capacity of storage devices is becoming a formidable obstruction to the digital forensic community due to its substantial investigation time and preservation space requirements. However, the investigation process becomes more complicated, whenever the fragmented or partially overwritten drives need forensic consideration. It is becoming extremely necessary to unfold novel methods the examination of storage drives involving a bulk volume of data. In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) technique is utilized with an unsupervised mean‐shift clustering approach in the field of digital forensics for intelligently locating the traces of target file in suspected storage drives or raw images. The proposed methodology leverages the drives' geometrical information in DE for obtaining random sector samples followed by fitness value and sector hash computation. The clustering algorithm evaluates the obtained intelligence and assists in estimating the regions of forensic significance in the drive, instead of considering the entire drive contents. As an outcome, a proof‐of‐concept Python based command line tool has been developed and released to support the study and further enhancement. The experiments and case studies demonstrated using the drives of different capacities demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method.
Comprehensive approach to evaluation of mechanical properties of waste aggregate concrete reinforced by steel fiber
Authors: Domski Jacek , Katzer Jacek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWaste aggregate concretes are playing a more and more important role in construction industry. Over the last decade, their application has evolved from very basic pavements and elements with limited mechanical characteristics to full scale structures and large pre‐cast beams and slabs. In some cases, steel fiber was used as the only reinforcement of such elements. The application of steel fiber was based on the assumption that the influence of dispersed reinforcement would be the same as it was in ordinary concrete. Therefore, both technologies of preparation of such concrete and volumes of added fiber were the same as in ordinary concrete. In authors’ opinion, concrete based on waste aggregate creates much more complex environment for fiber reinforcement than traditional cement matrix. Recognizing the need of comprehensive approach to this problem, authors conducted a thorough research program. Concrete based on waste red ceramic aggregate was modified by different volumes of varied engineered steel fiber. Conducted tests covered full mechanical characteristics. Strength classes according to fib model code were assigned to tested fiber concretes. The best mixes were pointed out.
High temperature effect on the mechanical behavior of steel fiber reinforced self‐compacting concrete containing ground pumice powder
Authors: Karatas Mehmet , Dener Murat , Benli Ahmet , Mohabbi Mehrzad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study reports the results of high temperature effects on the properties of steel fiber reinforced self‐compacting concrete (SFRSCC) fabricated by replacing cement with ground pumice powder (GPP) as mineral additive at different substitution rates. The mixtures had the same amounts of steel fiber and the binding material with constant water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.37. In this context, five SFRSCC series were prepared by replacing Portland cement (PC) with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of GPP including the control mix. Sixty cube samples with a dimension of 150 × 150 × 150 mm were fabricated and exposed to curing aged 3, 7, 28, and 90 days to conduct compressive strength tests and a total of 100 × 100 × 350 mm 18 beam samples cured at 28 days were fabricated to perform the flexural strength tests. Durability tests were performed on the 18 cube samples of 100 × 100 × 100 mm subjected to water curing at 28 days. In addition, the relation between the compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) of SFRSCC samples was compared aged 1, 3, 14, and 28 days. Samples of SFRSCC were subjected to the temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800°C after being cured at 28 days then cooled to room temperature before conducting tests. The results revealed that the compressive strength of all SFRSCC mixes enhanced at 200°C by 5.34 and 3.55% for control and GPP10 mixes respectively. The strength loss of mixes incorporating GPP is about 60% at 800°C.
Linking Farms to Markets: Reducing Transaction Costs and Enhancing Bargaining Power
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMarket access determines the income of agricultural households and incentivizes the cultivation of diverse crops. Markets in India are mostly unorganized with limited infrastructure limiting their ability to cater to quality requirements and specifications demanded by urban consumers. Therefore, parallel to traditional markets, direct linkages with farms and alternative markets based on electronic sales platforms, new commodity futures and warehousing systems are needed. In this chapter, we discuss the scope of small farms to effectively link to value chains and new marketing platforms. We show that reducing transaction costs, developing and improving market infrastructure and limiting the influence of intermediaries are critical. Also, having producer organizations rectify scale disadvantages will enable better participation of smallholders in different marketing arrangements.
A proposed amendment to the current guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury: reducing computerized tomographies while maintaining safety
Authors: Vedin Tomas , Karlsson Mathias , Edelhamre Marcus , Clausen Linus , Svensson Sebastian , Bergenheim Mikael , Larsson Per-Anders 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Head trauma is a common complaint in emergency departments. Identifying patients with serious injuries can be difficult and generates many computerized tomographies. Reducing the number of computerized tomographies decreases both cost and radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the current Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines could be revised in such a way that would enable hospitals to perform fewer computerized tomographies while maintaining the ability to identify all patients requiring neurological intervention.

Methods
A retrospective study of the medical records of adult patients suffering a traumatic brain injury was performed. A total of 1671 patients over a period of 365 days were included, and 25 parameters were extracted. Multitrauma patients managed with ATLS™ were excluded. The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines were amended with the previously derived “low-risk proposal” and applied retrospectively to the cohort.

Results
Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was 5.6% (93/1671). Application of the current Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines would have resulted in 860 computerized tomographies and would have missed 11 intracranial hemorrhages. The proposed amendment with the low-risk proposal would have resulted in 748 CT scans and would have missed 19 intracranial hemorrhages (a relative reduction of 13%). None of the missed intracranial hemorrhages required neurological intervention.

Conclusion
For patients with mild and moderate traumatic brain injuries, application of the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines amended with the low-risk proposal may result in a significant reduction of computerized tomographies without missing any patients in need of neurological intervention.
Experiences of Having a Parent with Serious Mental Illness: An Interpretive Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Literature
Authors: Källquist Anna , Salzmann-Erikson Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research found that burdens are put on relatives to patients with serious mental illness. A majority of the studies have described the situation of being a husband/wife or parent of someone who is mentally ill. However, little is known about the perspective of childhood experiences and the effect on adult life from having a parent with mental illness. Hence, the purpose of this review was to investigate experiences of having a parent with serious mental illness.MethodsWe used a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis. Five relevant databases were chosen: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. We found 4302 studies in our initial search. Fourteen met the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment.ResultsThe findings are presented in four themes: (1) Growing up in a dysfunctional home environment; (2) The child’s feelings and thoughts; (3) The need of support; and (4) The lingering effects in adult life.ConclusionsWe found that experiences of growing up in a dysfunctional home can result in relational issues later in life and that the need for support can persist into adult life. This has implications for clinical practice when encountering these patients.
Developmental trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive-behavioral therapy
Authors: Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Aymamí Neus , Gómez-Peña Mónica , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Steward Trevor , del Pino-Gutiérrez Amparo , Mena-Moreno Teresa , Vintró-Alcaraz Cristina , Agüera Zaida , Sánchez-González Jéssica , Moragas Laura , Codina Ester , Menchón José M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims:To estimate trajectories of the gambling disorder (GD) severity for 12 months following a manualized cognitive-behavior-therapy (CBT) program, and to identify the main variables associated with each trajectory.Methods:Latent Class Growth Analysis examined the longitudinal changes ofn= 603 treatment-seeking patients with GD.Results:Five separate empirical trajectories were identified: T1 (n= 383, 63.5%) was characterized by the most highest baseline gambling severity levels and positive progress to recovery during the follow-up period; T2 (n= 154, 25.5%) featured participants with high baseline gambling severity and good progress to recovery; T3 (n= 30, 5.0%) was made up of patients with high gambling baseline severity and slow progress to recovery; T4 (n= 13, 2.2%) and T5 (n= 23, 3.8%) contained participants with high baseline gambling severity and moderate (T4) and poor (T5) progress in GD severity during the follow-up. Psychopathological state and personality traits discriminated between trajectories. Poor compliance with the therapy guidelines and the presence of relapses also differed between the trajectories.Conclusions:Our findings show that patients seeking treatment for GD are heterogeneous and that trends in progress following treatment can be identified considering sociodemographic features, psychopathological state and personality traits. These results could be useful in developing more efficient interventions for GD patients.
People with severe problematic personality traits and offending histories: What influences occupational participation?
Authors: Connell C , McKay Elizabeth A , Furtado Vivek , Singh Swaran P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Occupational participation is important for personality disordered offenders (PDOs) because it is integral to health and desistance from offending. What influences occupational participation is unknown for PDOs in the community, limiting effective intervention to affect change. In England and Wales, the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway aims to improve outcomes for people considered highly likely to have a severe personality disorder and who present a high risk of reoffending, who are determined to be PDOs on the basis of a structured assessment. This study identified the influencers of occupational participation for the population who receive this service.Method:In this critical realist, qualitative study, narrative interviews were conducted with 18 PDOs supervised by probation in England. Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to establish influencers of occupational participation.Results:Four themes describe influencers of occupational participation: function of occupations; influence of the past; external forces; and learning and adaptation. The latter theme reflected understandings of occupational adaptation described by the Model of Human Occupation.Conclusions:An intervention to increase prosocial occupational participation should be developed and evaluated for PDOs in the community, taking account of occupational participation over the life course.
Integrating Culture-Based Antibiotic Resistance Profiles with Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for 11,087 Clinical Isolates
Authors: Galata Valentina , Laczny Cédric C. , Backes Christina , Hemmrich-Stanisak Georg , Schmolke Susanne , Franke Andre , Meese Eckart , Herrmann Mathias , von Müller Lutz , Plum Achim , Müller Rolf , Stähler Cord , Posch Andreas E. , Keller Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat. The analysis of nucleic acid sequences linked to susceptibility phenotypes facilitates the study of genetic antibiotic resistance determinants to inform molecular diagnostics and drug development. We collected genetic data (11,087 newly-sequenced whole genomes) and culture-based resistance profiles (10,991 out of the 11,087 isolates comprehensively tested against 22 antibiotics in total) of clinical isolates including 18 main species spanning a time period of 30 years. Species and drug specific resistance patterns were observed including increased resistance rates for Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems and for Escherichia coli to fluoroquinolones. Species-level pan-genomes were constructed to reflect the genetic repertoire of the respective species, including conserved essential genes and known resistance factors. Integrating phenotypes and genotypes through species-level pan-genomes allowed to infer gene–drug resistance associations using statistical testing. The isolate collection and the analysis results have been integrated into GEAR-base, a resource available for academic research use free of charge at https://gear-base.com.
Ordering Power under the Party: A Relational Approach to Law and
Politics in China
Authors: WANG Juan , LIU Sida 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExisting scholarship of China’s legal institutions has primarily focused
on individual institutions, such as the court, the police, or the legal
profession. This article proposes a relational approach to the study of
political-legal institutions in China. To understand the order and exercise of
power by various political-legal institutions, the relational approach
emphasizes the spatial positions of actors or institutions (the police, courts,
lawyers, etc.) within the broader political-legal system and their mutual
interactions. We suggest that the changing ideas of the Chinese leadership about
the role of law as an instrument of governance have shaped the relations between
various legal and political institutions. The interactions of these
political-legal institutions (e.g. the “iron triangle” of the
police, the court and the procuracy) further reveal the dynamics of power
relations at work.
Register to donate while you wait: Assessing public opinions of the acceptability of utilizing the emergency department waiting room for organ and tissue donor registration
Authors: Ellis Brittany , Hartwick Michael , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveOur objectives were to identify barriers to the organ donation registration process in Ontario; and to determine the acceptability of using the emergency department (ED) waiting room to provide knowledge and offer opportunities for organ and tissue donor registration.MethodsWe conducted a paper based in-person survey over nine days in March and April 2017. The survey instrument was created in English using existing literature and expert opinion, pilot tested and then translated into French. Data was collected from patients and visitors in an urban academic Canadian tertiary care ED waiting room. All adults in the waiting room were approached to participate during study periods. We excluded patients who were too ill and required immediate treatment.ResultsThe number of attempted surveys was 324; 67 individuals (20.7%) declined participation. A total of 257 surveys were distributed and five were returned blank. This gave us a response rate of 77.8% with 252 completed surveys. The median age group was 51–60 years old with 55.9% female. Forty-six percent reported their religion as Christian and 34.1% did not declare a religious affiliation. 44.1% were already registered donors. Most participants agreed or were neutral that the ED waiting room was an acceptable place to provide information on donation, and for registration as an organ and tissue donor (83.3% and 82.1%, respectively).ConclusionsIndividuals waiting in the ED are generally supportive of using the waiting room for distributing information regarding organ and tissue donation, and to allow donor registration.
Engaging patients throughout the health system: A landscape analysis of cold-call policies and recommendations for future policy change
Authors: McHugh Kelly R. , Swamy Geeta K. , Hernandez Adrian F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHealthcare institutions may often prohibit “cold-calling” or direct contact with a potential research participant when the person initiating contact is unknown to the patient. This policy aims to maintain patient privacy, but may have unintended consequences as a result of physician gatekeeping. In this review, we discuss recruitment policies at the top academic institutions. We propose an ethical framework for evaluating cold-call policies based on three principles of research ethics. In order to maximize engagement of potential research participants, while maintaining patient privacy and autonomy, we then propose several alternative solutions to restrictive cold-call policies, including opt-in or opt-out platforms, a team-based approach, electronic solutions, and best practices for recruitment. As healthcare has evolved with more collaborative, patient-centered, data-driven care, the engagement of potential research participants should similarly evolve.
Fiscal deficits and executive planning horizons
Authors: Seiferling Mike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExecutive control of government is generally not a long-term job. In such cases, relatively short executive tenure should be expected to play an important role in determining the degree to which policymakers internalize the future costs associated with their current fiscal behavior. The effects of policymaker's expected planning horizons on macroeconomic outcomes, however, have been difficult to model outside of a fixed term limit context due to the unobserved likelihood of remaining in office, along with potential endogeneity problems where re-election campaigns can be enhanced with generous, deficit-financed expenditures in election years. From a globally representative sample of 79 countries over a 32-year period (1980–2012), this paper provides empirical evidence suggesting that incumbent governments who know that will not be in office in the following period with a probability of one, are found to generate significantly higher deficits in a linear discounting model, and are found to produce the least responsible fiscal outcomes where the likelihood of re-election is around fifty percent in quadratic discounting models.
Mobile identities: photography, smartphones and aspirations in urban Nigeria
Authors: Gilbert Juliet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince 2012, the influx of affordable smartphones to urban Nigeria has revolutionized how young people take, store and circulate photographs. Crucially, this ever-expanding digital archive provides urban youth with a means to communicate new ideas of self, allowing a marginalized group to display fortunes that often belie their difficult realities. Through gestures and poses, fashion and style, the companionship of others, or the use of particular backdrops and locations, these photographs contain certain semiotics that allude to the subject owning the means for success in urban Nigeria. Similarly, as youth constantly store photographs of themselves on their handsets alongside those of celebrities, patrons and friends, coveted commodities and aspirational memes, they construct personal narratives that place them at the centre of global flows and networks. With the ability to constantly retake, update and propagate photographs, the discrepancies between in- and off-frame identities become ambiguous. This article explores how young people in Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria, use digital photographs on their mobile phones to cultivate new visions of themselves. Arguing that these photographs not only represent superlative aspirations but are also integral to social becoming, the discussion examines how digital images allow youth to reposition themselves within (and beyond) Nigerian society. Ephemerality is central: digital photographs can be easily circulated and retain some permanence on social media, yet these immaterial objects can easily be lost from handsets. In thinking about the futures of African youth and African photography, this article therefore interrogates the tensions of private and public archives.
Towards a Right to Resist Gross Undemocratic Practices in Africa
Authors: Manirakiza Pacifique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe adoption of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) has been a milestone for the transformation of Africa's political landscape. This instrument seeks to expand on the ideals of liberal democracy enshrined in the Constitutive Act of the African Union and other African fundamental instruments. The ACDEG seems to pave the way for the right to democracy for Africans, which entails, inter alia, political sovereignty of African citizens. The latter have clearly and vigorously exercised their sovereignty through elections when given such an opportunity. However, in some instances, African citizens resorted to popular uprisings in cases of gross violations of their democracy-related rights. With reference to the recent popular uprisings and coups (or attempted coups) in Africa, this article enquires, from a human rights perspective, whether ACDEG or other instruments, enshrine a right to resist gross undemocratic practices underpinning the right to democracy.
The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance as a Justiciable Instrument
Authors: Kioko Ben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance requires state parties to establish and strengthen democratic institutions, the rule of law, human rights and independent electoral systems. However, the extent to which these provisions can be invoked by individuals and non-governmental organizations before a court of law is uncertain. It is also unclear whether such provisions guarantee “stand-alone” individual rights and as such whether the charter could be considered to be a human rights instrument. This article seeks to analyse whether the charter is a human rights instrument, as well as examining its justiciability in light of the decision of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in APDH v Côte d'Ivoire. The analysis highlights the court's decision affirming that the charter is a human rights instrument and that individuals and non-governmental organizations can file cases in a court of law seeking its enforcement.