bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duane's Retraction Syndrome in a Cohort of South African Children: A 20-Year Clinic-Based Review
Authors: Steyn Annalien , Grötte Rhian , Tinley Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To describe the clinical features of Duane's retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and to analyze the differences between ethnic groups.

Methods:
A retrospective case series of 120 patients seen between 1997 and 2017 at a tertiary referral center in Cape Town, South Africa.

Results:
Type 2 Duane's retraction syndrome was most common in black children (54%), whereas type 1 was predominant in mixed race (68%) and white (94%) children. In this cohort, 63% of black children with Duane's retraction syndrome were boys, whereas 69% of white children and 59% of mixed race children were girls. Left eye involvement was the most common in all ethnic groups (44%), followed by right eye (41%) and bilateral (14%) involvement. The average age at presentation was 34.2 months (range: 1 to 144 months). Strabismus in primary position was present in 57 patients (46%), of whom 39% had esotropia and 61% had exotropia. A deviation in the primary position was more common in black (71%) children than in mixed race (39%) or white (41%) children. Ametropia was found in 94 patients (79%), amblyopia was present in 15 patients (13%), and 41 patients (34%) underwent surgery.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to provide robust data on the profile of pediatric Duane's retraction syndrome in the three main ethnic groups in South Africa, and it showed clear ethnic differences. Among black children, boys are affected more often, the proportion with type 2 Duane's retraction syndrome is more frequent, and surgery is required more often. Among white and mixed race children, girls are affected more often and type 1 Duane's retraction syndrome is predominant.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):248–253.]
Performance of a Quick Screening Version of the Nintendo 3DS PDI Check Game in Patients With Ocular Suppression
Authors: Smith Kyle A. , Arnold Andrew W. , Sprano Jacob H. , Arnold Stephanie L. , Arnold Robert W. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the ability of the PDI Check (PDI Check LLC, Anchorage, AK) near vision screening game to assess monocular acuity, stereopsis, suppression, and color.

Methods:
Children and adults consented to perform the PDI Check Quick Screening game following conventional near testing of patched Rosenbaum acuity, Titmus Fly stereo, Worth 4-dot, and Ishihara color. Time to complete each test and preferred method were recorded.

Results:
A total of 77 patients (5 to 63 years old) attempted all tests. There was a positive correlation between the PDI Check and conventional tests for all visual tasks. Using previously determined instrument referral criteria, sensitivity/specificity was determined for right acuity (67%/91%), left acuity (55%/94%), stereopsis (87%/95%), red-green color (80%/99%), and ocular suppression (58%/98%). Screening time was 202 ± 96 versus 99 ± 42 seconds for the PDI Check and the game was preferred by 87%.

Conclusions:
The PDI Check provided a valid assessment of near vision in less than half the time of conventional testing without patches or goggles. This Quick Screening version may help eye technicians and physicians with time efficiency in the frequent task of near visual assessment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):234–237.]
Comment penser la narrativité dans l’image fixe ?
Authors: Colas-Blaise Marion 
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, qui convoque, pour l’essentiel, les cadres théoriques de la sémiotique greimassienne et post-greimassienne, il s’agit de confirmer le caractère structurant du récit comme modèle d’intelligibilité, mais aussi de voir en quoi la prise en considération de l’image fixe – ici, de tableaux de P. Klee – nous oblige à en renouveler la pensée. La temporalisation de l’image fixe est alors considérée comme une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante de la narrativisation. Plus particulièrement, nous souhaitons montrer concrètement, en mobilisant également la distinction guillaumienne entre différentes étapes de la chronogenèse, que les tableaux de P. Klee déplacent l’attention sur la gestation de l’œuvre, sa Gestaltung, qui mène à la Gestalt. Finalement, nous distinguons trois régimes de narrativisation, selon les modes de l’advenir, du survenir et, enfin, du parvenir.
Programmed Death-1 Restrains the Germinal Center in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Martinov Tijana , Swanson Linnea A. , Breed Elise R. , Tucker Christopher G. , Dwyer Alexander J. , Johnson Jenna K. , Mitchell Jason S. , Sahli Nathanael L. , Wilson Joseph C. , Singh Lovejot M. , Hogquist Kristin A. , Spanier Justin A. , Fife Brian T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibits T and B cell function upon ligand binding. PD-1 blockade revolutionized cancer treatment, and although numerous patients respond, some develop autoimmune-like symptoms or overt autoimmunity characterized by autoantibody production. PD-1 inhibition accelerates autoimmunity in mice, but its role in regulating germinal centers (GC) is controversial. To address the role of PD-1 in the GC reaction in type 1 diabetes, we used tetramers to phenotype insulin-specific CD4+ T and B cells in NOD mice. PD-1 or PD-L1 deficiency, and PD-1 but not PD-L2 blockade, unleashed insulin-specific T follicular helper CD4+ T cells and enhanced their survival. This was concomitant with an increase in GC B cells and augmented insulin autoantibody production. The effect of PD-1 blockade on the GC was reduced when mice were treated with a mAb targeting the insulin peptide:MHC class II complex. This work provides an explanation for autoimmune side effects following PD-1 pathway inhibition and suggests that targeting the self-peptide:MHC class II complex might limit autoimmunity arising from checkpoint blockade.
Perceptions of midwives on shortage and retention of staff at a public hospital in Tshwane District
Authors: Matlala Mosehle S. , Lumadi Thanyani G. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Midwifery is the backbone of women and child healthcare. The shortage of staff in maternity units is a crisis faced by many countries worldwide, including South Africa.Objectives: This study aims to explore the perceptions of midwives on the shortage and retention of staff at a public institution.Method: The study was conducted at one of the tertiary hospitals in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province. A total of 11 midwives were interviewed through face-to-face and focus group interviews. An explorative, descriptive generic qualitative design method was followed, and a non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used. Thematic coding analysis was followed for analysing data.Results: The impact of shortage of midwives was reported to be directly related to poor provision of quality care as a result of increased workload, leading to low morale and burnout. The compromised autonomy of midwives in the high obstetrics dependency units devalues the status of midwives.Conclusion: Midwives are passionate about their job, despite the hurdles related to their day-to-day work environment. They are demoralised by chronic shortage of staff and feel overworked. Staff involvement in decision-making processes is a motivational factor for midwives to stay in the profession. The midwives need to be in the centre of the decision-making processes related to their profession. The revision of the scope of practice and classification of midwifery profession away from general nursing complex by the South African Nursing Council (SANC) could place midwifery in its rightful status.
The sensitivity of oceanic precipitation to sea surface temperature
Authors: Burdanowitz Jörg , Buehler Stefan A. , Bakan Stephan , Klepp Christian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Our study forms the oceanic counterpart to numerous observational studies over land concerning the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to a change in air temperature. We explore the sensitivity of oceanic precipitation to changing sea surface temperature (SST) by exploiting two novel datasets at high resolution.
First, we use the Ocean Rainfall And Ice-phase precipitation measurement Network (OceanRAIN) as an observational along-track shipboard dataset at 1 min resolution. Second, we exploit the most recent European Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) at hourly resolution on a 31 km grid. Matched with each other, ERA5 vertical velocity allows the constraint of the OceanRAIN precipitation.
Despite the inhomogeneous sampling along ship tracks, OceanRAIN agrees with ERA5 on the average latitudinal distribution of precipitation with fairly good seasonal sampling.
However, the 99th percentile of OceanRAIN precipitation follows a super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling with a SST that exceeds 8.5 % K−1 while ERA5 precipitation scales with 4.5 % K−1.
The sensitivity decreases towards lower precipitation percentiles, while OceanRAIN keeps an almost constant offset to ERA5 due to higher spatial resolution and temporal sampling. Unlike over land, we find no evidence for a decreasing precipitation event duration with increasing SST.
ERA5 precipitation reaches a local minimum at about 26 ∘C that vanishes when constraining vertical velocity to strongly rising motion and excluding areas of weak correlation between precipitation and vertical velocity. This indicates that instead of moisture limitations as over land, circulation dynamics rather limit precipitation formation over the ocean.
For the strongest rising motion, precipitation scaling converges to a constant value at all precipitation percentiles.
Overall, high resolutions in observations and climate models are key to understanding and predicting the sensitivity of oceanic precipitation extremes to a change in SST.
Surgical outcomes of sternal rigid plate fixation from 2005 to 2016 using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database
Authors: Tran Bao Ngoc N. , Chen Austin D. , Granoff Melisa D. , Johnson Anna Rose , Kamali Parisa , Singhal Dhruv , Lee Bernard T. , Fukudome Eugene Y. 
Published: July 2019

Background Sternal rigid plate fixation (RPF) has been adopted in recent years in high-risk cases to reduce complications associated with steel wire cerclage, the traditional approach to sternal closure. While sternal RPF has been associated with lower complication rates than wire cerclage, it has its own complication profile that requires evaluation, necessitating a critical examination from a national perspective. This study will report the outcomes and associated risk factors of sternal RPF using a national database.
Methods Patients undergoing sternal RPF from 2005 to 2016 in the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were identified. Demographics, perioperative information, and complication rates were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications.
Results There were 381 patient cases of RPF identified. The most common complications included bleeding (28.9%), mechanical ventilation >48 hours (16.5%), and reoperation/readmission (15.2%). Top risk factors for complications included dyspnea (odds ratio [OR], 2.672; P<0.001), nonelective procedure (OR, 2.164; P=0.010), congestive heart failure (OR, 2.152; P=0.048), open wound (OR, 1.977; P=0.024), and operating time (OR, 1.005; P<0.001).
Conclusions Sternal RPF is associated with increased rates of three primary complications: blood loss requiring transfusion, ventilation >48 hours, and reoperation/readmission, each of which affected over 15% of the study population. Smokers remain at an increased risk for surgical site infection and sternal dehiscence despite RPF’s purported benefit to minimize these outcomes. Complications of primary versus delayed sternal RPF are roughly equivalent, but individual patients may perform better with one versus the other based on identified risk factors.
Indocyanine green fluorescence videoangiography for reliable variations of supraclavicular artery flaps
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Shimizu Yusuke , Kasai Shogo , Yamazaki Shun , Takemaru Masashi , Kitamura Takuya , Kawakami Saori , Tamura Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

Background Pedicled flaps are useful for reconstructive surgery. Previously, we often used vascularized supraclavicular flaps, especially for head and neck reconstruction, but then shifted to using thoracic branch of the supraclavicular artery (TBSA) flaps. However, limited research exists on the anatomy of TBSA flaps and on the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence videoangiography for supraclavicular artery flaps. We utilized ICG fluorescence videoangiography to harvest reliable flaps in reconstructive operations, and describe the results herein.
Methods Data were retrospectively reviewed from six patients (five men and one woman: average age, 54 years; range, 48–60 years) for whom ICG videoangiography was performed to observe the skin perfusion of a supraclavicular flap after it was raised. Areas where the flap showed good enhancement were considered to be favorable for flap survival. The observation of ICG dye indicated good skin perfusion, which is predictive of flap survival; therefore, we trimmed any areas without dye filling and used the remaining viable part of the flap.
Results The flaps ranged in size from 13×5.5 cm to 17×6.5 cm. One patient received a conventional supraclavicular flap, four patients received a TBSA flap, and one patient received a flap that was considered to be intermediate between a supraclavicular flap and a TBSA flap. The flaps completely survived in all cases, and no flap necrosis was observed.
Conclusions The TBSA flap is very useful in reconstructive surgery, and reliable flaps could be obtained by using ICG fluorescence videoangiography intraoperatively.
Flexible and Stretchable Electronic Skin with High Durability and Shock Resistance via Embedded 3D Printing Technology for Human Activity Monitoring and Personal Healthcare
Authors: Wei Peiqi , Yang Xin , Cao Zimei , Guo Xiao‐Liang , Jiang Honglan , Chen Yan , Morikado Michael , Qiu Xianbo , Yu Duli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) integrating pressure sensors and strain sensors has shown great potential applications in smart robotics and healthcare monitoring for their flexibility and wearability. However, making the sensor low cost and highly durable for industrialization and commercialization is still a problem to be addressed. An embedded 3D printing technology is developed based on novel thermosetting printing ink which is prepared using the Ecoflex and carbon nanoparticles. The properties of the printing ink including printability and electrical conductivity are first studied and then optimized. By using this technology, a glove‐shaped e‐skin integrating both strain sensors and pressure sensors is fabricated, and the properties of the sensors are studied. Both types of sensors have excellent stability and reliability which are verified by multiple long‐term measurements (10 000 testing cycles). Specifically, the sensors possess a great shock resistance and high durability which are significant for application in real life. Furthermore, some applications for human activity monitoring and personal healthcare are demonstrated, including complex gesture recognition using 15 strain sensors, hardness sensing using pressure sensors coupled with strain sensors, and arterial pulse measurement using pressure sensors, which are promising for smart robotic sensing and wearable biomedical devices.
Controlled Oxygen Redox for Excellent Power Capability in Layered Sodium‐Based Compounds
Authors: Kim Hee Jae , Konarov Aishuak , Jo Jae Hyeon , Choi Ji Ung , Ihm Kyuwook , Lee Han‐Koo , Kim Jongsoon , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA high‐rate of oxygen redox assisted by cobalt in layered sodium‐based compounds is achieved. The rationally designed Na0.6[Mg0.2Mn0.6Co0.2]O2 exhibits outstanding electrode performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 214 mAh g−1 (26 mA g−1) with capacity retention of 87% after 100 cycles. High rate performance is also achieved at 7C (1.82 A g−1) with a capacity of 107 mAh g−1. Surprisingly, the Na0.6[Mg0.2Mn0.6Co0.2]O2 compound is able to deliver capacity for 1000 cycles at 5C (at 1.3 A g−1), retaining 72% of its initial capacity of 108 mAh g−1. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis of the O K‐edge indicates the oxygen‐redox species (O2−/1−) is active during cycling. First‐principles calculations show that the addition of Co reduces the bandgap energy from ≈2.65 to ≈0.61 eV and that overlapping of the Co 3d and O 2p orbitals facilitates facile electron transfer, enabling the long‐term reversibility of the oxygen redox, even at high rates. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on high‐rate oxygen redox in sodium‐based cathode materials, and it is believed that the findings will open a new pathway for the use of oxygen‐redox‐based materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
A novel FAM20C mutation causes a rare form of neonatal lethal Raine syndrome
Authors: Hung Christina Y. , Rodriguez Mario , Roberts Abra , Bauer Mislen , Mihalek Ivana , Bodamer Olaf 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRaine syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, osteosclerotic bone dysplasia due to pathogenic variants in FAM20C. The clinical phenotype is characterized by generalized osteosclerosis affecting all bones, cerebral calcifications, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Most cases present during the neonatal period with early lethality due to pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory compromise while only few affected individuals have been reported to survive into adulthood. FAM20C is a ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that contains five functional domains including a catalytic domain, a binding pocket for FAM20A and three distinct N‐glycosylation sites. We report a newborn infant with a history of prenatal onset fractures, generalized osteosclerosis, and craniofacial dysmorphism and early lethality. The clinical presentation was highly suggestive of Raine syndrome. A homozygous, novel missense variant in exon 5 of FAM20C (c.1007T>G; p.Met336Arg) was identified by targeted Sanger sequencing. Following in silico analysis and mapping of the variant on a three‐dimensional (3D) model of FAM20C it is predicted to be deleterious and to affect N‐glycosylation, protein folding, and subsequent secretion of FAM20C. In addition, we reviewed all published FAM20C mutations and observed that most pathogenic variants affect functional regions within the protein establishing evidence for an emerging genotype–phenotype correlation.
pH‐Dependent Chloride Transport by Pseudopeptidic Cages for the Selective Killing of Cancer Cells in Acidic Microenvironments
Authors: Tapia Lucía , Pérez Yolanda , Bolte Michael , Casas Josefina , Solà Jordi , Quesada Roberto , Alfonso Ignacio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcidic microenvironments in solid tumors are a hallmark of cancer. Inspired by that, we designed a family of pseudopeptidic cage‐like anionophores displaying pH‐dependent activity. When protonated, they efficiently bind chloride anions. They also transport chloride through lipid bilayers, with their anionophoric properties improving at acidic pH, suggesting an H+/Cl− symport mechanism. NMR studies in DPC micelles demonstrate that the cages bind chloride within the lipid phase. The chloride affinity and the chloride‐exchange rate with the aqueous bulk solution are improved when the pH is lowered. This increases cytotoxicity towards lung adenocarcinoma cells at the pH of the microenvironment of a solid tumor. These properties depend on the nature of the amino‐acid side chains of the cages, which modulate their lipophilicity and interactions with the cell membrane. This paves the way towards using pH as a parameter to control the selectivity of cytotoxic ionophores as anticancer drugs.
A Visible‐Light‐Induced Dynamic Mechanical Bond as a Linkage for Dynamic Materials
Authors: Yin Yong‐Fei , Yun Meng‐Yan , Wu Lin , Duan Hong‐Ying , Jiang Xia‐Min , Zhan Tian‐Guang , Cui Jiecheng , Liu Li‐Juan , Zhang Kang‐Da 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExploring dynamic bonds and their applications in fabricating dynamic materials has received great attention. A photoinduced [2]rotaxane‐based dynamic mechanical bond (DMB) features visible‐light‐triggered dynamic bonding behavior that is essentially distinguished from conventional dynamic chemical bonds. In this DMB, a photoisomerizableortho‐fluoroazobenzene unit is introduced as a steric‐controllable stopper, the visible‐light‐induced dynamic wagging movement of which enables the photoregulated threading of the macrocycle. This allows reversible in situ de‐/reforming of the mechanical bond without involving dynamic chemical linkage. The DMB‐cross‐linked polymeric gel shows interesting photoinduced degradation behavior upon visible light irradiation. Benefiting from the distinctive dual dynamic nature of reversible bonding behavior and mechanical interlocked structure, this DMB is expected to serve as a new type of dynamic bond that can be applied in designing dynamic soft materials.
Metallo‐Käfige für Metall‐Anionen: Hochgeladene [Co@Ge9]5−‐ und [Ru@Sn9]6−‐Cluster mit sphärisch eingelagerten Co−‐ und Ru2−‐ Anionen
Authors: Witzel Benedikt J. L. , Klein Wilhelm , Dums Jasmin V. , Boyko Marina , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndohedrale Cluster gelten als molekulare Modelle für intermetallische Verbindungen – eine Verbindungsklasse mit kaum verstandenen Bindungsprinzipien. Wir berichten hier über lösliche Clusteranionen mit den bisher höchsten Ladungen pro Clustereinheit. Die Cluster zeigen die große Ähnlichkeit zwischen intermetalloiden Clustern und den entsprechenden Koordinationspolyedern in intermetallischen Verbindungen auf. Während bereits viele endohedrale Zintl‐Ionen über Reaktionen in Lösung erhalten wurden, haben wir nun die Raman‐Spektroskopie als eine zuverlässige Sonde für den erstmaligen Nachweis von diskreten endohedral gefüllten Clustern in intermetallischen Phasen etabliert. Die ternären Vorläuferlegierungen der nominellen Zusammensetzungen “K5Co1.2Ge9” und “K4Ru3Sn7” zeigen charakteristische Bindungsmoden, die von Metallatomen im Zentrum polyedrischer Cluster herrühren, was zeigt, dass in diesen Legierungen gefüllte Cluster vorliegen. Außerdem berichten wir über die strukturelle Charakterisierung von [Co@Ge9]5− (1a) und [Ru@Sn9]6− (2a), die aus Lösungen der entsprechenden Legierungen erhalten wurden.
Direct Synthesis of Carbamoyl Fluorides by CO2 Deoxyfluorination
Authors: Onida Killian , Tlili Anis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, a new concept for the direct synthesis of carbamoyl fluoride derivatives is disclosed. The developed method makes use of CO2 as an inexpensive and abundant C1 source; a variety of amines were successfully converted in the presence of a deoxyfluorinating reagent. The corresponding products were often obtained in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions (1 atm and room temperature). The reaction was easily scaled up, demonstrating the efficiency of the developed process.
Intramolecular Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Interrupted Click–Acylation Domino Reaction
Authors: Larin Egor M. , Lautens Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcyl substituted triazoles are valuable scaffolds, but the direct synthesis of these moieties from terminal alkynes by copper catalysis remains unexplored. We report a robust, general, and efficient method using a simple CuI/2,2′‐bipyridine catalytic system. This transformation involves a copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) followed by an intramolecular acylation onto a carbamoyl chloride. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates several functional groups, and is readily scalable. This method represents a novel strategy towards the synthesis of complex heterocycles by a CuAAC/acylation domino process.