bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture follows design: Code design as an antecedent of the ethical culture
Authors: Stöber Thomas , Kotzian Peter , Weißenberger Barbara E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCodes of ethics are directly aimed at behavioral control, but they also affect a company’s ethical culture, which in turn concerns compliance and ethical behavior. To positively influence a company’s ethical culture, employees must be familiar with its code of ethics, perceive that top management is committed to the code, and believe that their peers also comply with the code. The evidence on whether a code’s design affects a company’s ethical culture is limited. This study’s factorial survey experiment contributes to this gap in two ways: first, it investigates whether a code’s design affects how easily the code can be learned and, therefore, contributes to code familiarity. Second, it examines how a code can convey expectations regarding top management’s commitment and peers’ behavior, both of which are part of ethical culture. The results indicate that a positive tone increases code familiarity, and a code signed by top managers sends a strong signal of their commitment to the code. Finally, various implications of the results for research and practice are discussed.
Dental implants‐associated release of titanium particles: A systematic review
Authors: Suárez‐López del Amo Fernando , Garaicoa‐Pazmiño Carlos , Fretwurst Tobias , Castilho Rogerio M. , Squarize Cristiane H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe presence of titanium (Ti) particles around dental implants has been reported in the literature for decades. The prospective presence of Ti debris on soft tissues surrounding dental implants has not been systematically investigated and remains to be explored. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the origin, presence, characteristics, and location of Ti particles in relation to dental implants.Material and methodsLiterature searches were conducted by two reviewers independently based on the PRISMA guidelines. The systematic review identified studies on Ti particles derived from dental implants. We evaluated several parameters, including anatomical location, and the suspected methods of Ti particles release.ResultsThe search resulted in 141 articles, of which 26 were eligible and included in the systematic review of the literature. The investigations reported Ti and metal‐like particles in the soft (i.e., epithelial cells, connective tissue, and inflammatory cells) and hard (bone crest and bone marrow) tissues around the dental implants. Shape and size of the particles varied. The current literature reported a size range from 100 nm to 54 µm identified by multiple particles identification methods.ConclusionTi particles surrounding peri‐implant tissues are a common finding. Peri‐implantitis sites presented a higher number of particles compared to healthy implants. The particles were mostly around the implants and inside epithelial cells, connective tissue, macrophages, and bone. Various mechanisms were described as causes of Ti release, including friction during implant insertion, corrosion of the implant surface, friction at the implant–abutment interface, implantoplasty, and several methods used for implant surface detoxification.
Factors associated with false‐negative pathologic diagnosis of calciphylaxis
Authors: Williams Erik A. , Moy Andrea P. , Cipriani Nicole A. , Nigwekar Sagar U. , Nazarian Rosalynn M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCalciphylaxis is a rare, painful, and debilitating disorder of vascular calcification and skin necrosis that typically affects patients with advanced kidney disease. During our routine pathology practice, we noted several missed diagnoses on calciphylaxis consultation cases originating from outside institutions and sought to explore factors associated with false‐negative pathologic diagnosis of calciphylaxis.MethodsThe pathology database of a large tertiary academic medical center was retrospectively searched for “calciphylaxis” in inside reports on outside surgical consultation cases between 2007 and 2017. Inside and outside pathology reports were compared and medical records were searched for calciphylaxis clinical diagnosis and risk factors.ResultsTwenty‐four calciphylaxis patients were identified, with median age of 63.5 years. Seven of 24 (29%) of specimens were inadequate (e.g., lack of subcutaneous adipose tissue for evaluation). Eight of 17 (47%) of adequate specimens had a first false‐negative pathologic diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Histochemical staining for calcium significantly correlated with true‐positive diagnosis (93% vs 55%, P = 0.004). Dermatopathology fellowship training significantly correlated with true‐positive diagnosis (82% vs 38%, P = 0.047).ConclusionsAdequate sampling, dermatopathology training, and use of histochemical stains to identify calcium associate with decreased false‐negative rate for calciphylaxis diagnosis. These findings need further evaluation in larger prospective studies.
Converting temperate long‐term arable land into semi‐natural grassland: decadal‐scale changes in topsoil C, N, 13C and 15N contents
Authors: Hu T. , Taghizadeh‐Toosi A. , Olesen J. E. , Jensen M. L. , Sørensen P. , Christensen B. T. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryConverting arable land to permanent grassland remains an efficient option for increased carbon (C) storage in agricultural land. We quantified changes in C and nitrogen (N) in topsoil from the Sandmarken experiment (initiated in 1894 in Denmark) before and after its conversion to semi‐natural grassland in 1998. Because of different fertilizer application in the arable phase, the grass was established on soils with different initial fertility. Archived soils sampled during 1942–2012 from plots subjected to different treatments in the arable phase were analysed for C, N, 13C and 15N. With crop yields, topsoil C contents and the C‐TOOL model, we estimated mean C inputs in the arable phase of 0.4, 1.4 and 1.7 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for unmanured, mineral‐fertilized and animal‐manured plots, respectively, and C inputs in the grassland phase of 3.2–3.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1. In the arable phase, topsoil showed mean losses of 0.10 Mg C and 0.012 Mg N ha−1 year−1, whereas δ13C increased by 0.002‰ and δ15N by 0.013‰. Grassland establishment reverted losses of C and N to gains of 0.29 Mg C and 0.017 Mg N ha−1 year−1; δ13C now decreased by 0.065‰ and δ15N by 0.074‰. Fertilizer history did not affect these changes markedly. Converting this low‐yielding sandy soil from arable to grassland use provided an overall annual gain of 0.39 Mg C and 0.029 Mg N ha−1 in the topsoil. Changes in δ13C and δ15N indicated a reduced rate of C turnover and a less leaky N cycle under grassland.HighlightsAssessed change in C and N storage with change in land use from arable to semi‐natural grassland
Overall soil C sequestration was 0.39 Mg C ha−1 year−1 because C loss was avoided from continued arable use
Soil δ13C and δ15N decreased when arable land was converted into grassland
In the grassland phase, the modelled C input was not affected by fertilizer history
Endogenous Financial Constraint and Investment‐Cash‐Flow Sensitivity
Authors: Li Rui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper studies a dynamic investment model with moral hazard. The moral hazard problem implies an endogenous financial constraint on investment that makes the firm's investment sensitive to cash flows. I show that the production technology and the severity of the moral hazard problem substantially affect the dependence of the investment‐cash‐flow sensitivity on the financial constraint. Specifically, if the production technology exhibits almost constant returns to scale in capital or the moral hazard problem is relatively severe, the dependence is negative. Otherwise, the pattern is reversed to some extent. Moreover, the calibrated benchmark model can quantitatively account for the negative dependence of investment and Tobin's Q on size and age observed in the data.
When did the Middle East become Muslim? Trends in the study of Islam's “age of conversions”
Authors: Carlson Thomas A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThrough conversion, Islam became the religion of the majority of the population in the medieval Middle East, but the process took centuries and remains poorly understood. Scholarship on demographic Islamization has postulated an “age of conversions,” during which the majority of the population converted relatively rapidly. Historians over the past century have continually pushed the Middle East's “age of conversions” later in time. A partial exception is Egypt, for which Wiet's early model still finds some supporters despite being based on misinterpreted evidence. I propose that even this continual revision fails to correct sufficiently for the elite bias of the surviving literary sources, which virtually ignore the agrarian population base of society. Common structures and cultural dynamics in agrarian societies suggest that even the current state of scholarship presumes too rapid a pace of conversion for the majority of the population in the Middle East.
Generation and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with enhanced cancer stem cell potential
Authors: Muenzner Julienne K. , Kunze Philipp , Lindner Pablo , Polaschek Sandra , Menke Kira , Eckstein Markus , Geppert Carol I. , Chanvorachote Pithi , Baeuerle Tobias , Hartmann Arndt , Schneider‐Stock Regine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes for cancer‐related death worldwide with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rates. As for other types of cancers, also inHCCcancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, progression and therapy failure. However, as rare subpopulations of tumour tissue,CSCs are difficult to isolate, thus making the development of suitable and reliable model systems necessary. In our study, we generated HepG2 subclones with enrichedCSCpotential by application of the spheroid formation method and subsequent single‐cell cloning. Analyses in several 2D and 3D cell culture systems as well as a panel of functional assays both in vitro and in vivo revealed that the generated subclones displayed characteristic and sustained features of tumour initiating cells as well as highly aggressive properties related to tumour progression and metastasis. These characteristics could clearly be correlated with the expression ofCSCmarkers that might have prognostic value in the clinicalHCCsetting. Therefore, we conclude that ourCSCenriched HepG2 clones certainly represent suitable model systems to study the role ofCSCs duringHCCinitiation, progression and drug resistance.
Construction of a risk prediction model of vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity to be used at the time of initial therapeutic drug monitoring: A data mining analysis using a decision tree model
Authors: Imai Shungo , Yamada Takehiro , Kasashi Kumiko , Niinuma Yusuke , Kobayashi Masaki , Iseki Ken 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn our previous study, we built a risk prediction model of vancomycin (VCM)‐associated nephrotoxicity using decision tree (DT) analysis. However, this has several limitations in clinical applications. Our objective here was to construct a clinically applicable risk prediction model to be used at the time of initial therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), in patients with uncomplicated infections.MethodA retrospective study was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital. Subjects that had received VCM were extracted between November 2011 and April 2017. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL or 50% or higher from baseline. The additional inclusion criteria in this study were as follows: (1) the target trough level of VCM was set to 10 to 15 mg/L, and (2) the duration of therapy was 7 to 14 days. Patients were assumed to have uncomplicated infections. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity were evaluated, which could be extracted at the initial TDM. In the DT analysis, a chi‐squared automatic interaction detection algorithm was constructed.ResultsA total of 402 patients were enrolled, and 56 (13.9%) patients developed nephrotoxicity. In the DT analysis, concomitant medications (furosemide, piperacillin‐tazobactam, and vasopressor drugs) and an initial VCM trough concentration ≥ 15.0 mg/L were extracted as predictive variables by which patients were divided into six subgroups. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was 5.2% to 70.0%, with subgroups classified as low to high risk of nephrotoxicity. The accuracy of DT model was favourable (87.1%).ConclusionWe propose that the DT model built in this study is applicable to clinical practice.
An inclusive, online Delphi process for setting targets for best practice implementation for spinal cord injury
Authors: Wolfe Dalton L. , Hsieh Jane T.C. , Kras‐Dupuis Anna , Riopelle Richard J. , Walia Saagar , Guy Stacey , Gillis Katie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe Spinal Cord Injury Knowledge Mobilization Network is a pan‐Canadian community of practice composed of seven rehabilitation hospitals. The goal of this network is to utilize implementation science processes to facilitate the adoption of best practice in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. In addition to selecting specific practices for implementation, a key aspect of effective implementation is the engagement of stakeholders in decision‐making processes. To achieve this, the network utilized a Delphi process to reach consensus on two pressure ulcer prevention and management practices to be implemented in SCI inpatient rehabilitation. A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of clinicians, researchers, sponsoring agency representatives, and persons with SCI participated in this process.MethodAn online Delphi process was conducted in order to prioritize pressure ulcer prevention and management best practice recommendations and performance indicators for implementation. The process was conducted in six stages: (1) steering committee selection; (2) identification and selection of evidence; (3) participant selection and recruitment; (4) survey development; (5) identification of voting criteria; and (6) five rounds of voting.ResultsThe Delphi process resulted in the selection of two best practices: (1) comprehensive risk assessment and (2) education for pressure ulcer prevention and management in persons with SCI.ConclusionsIn this Delphi process, a large expert panel achieved consensus on best practice recommendations and associated performance indicators for implementation. This process was undertaken as a first step towards optimization of service delivery and outcomes for persons with SCI across Canada.
The efficacy of non‐assisted reproductive technology treatment might be limited in infertile patients with advanced endometriosis in their 30s
Authors: Isono Wataru , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Akino Nana , Terao Hiromi , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Koga Kaori , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the efficacious treatment for infertile couples, we assessed the impact of infertility factors including endometriosis on assisted reproductive technology (ART) and non‐ART treatment, and the effect of age in infertility treatment outcomes was also investigated.MethodsThe medical records of 1864 females, infertile patients from January 2000 to December 2015 at our hospital, were retrospectively reviewed under the approval of the Institutional Review Board. We extracted 10 representative factors and calculated the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in these patients. Multivariate analysis of ART and non‐ART treatment was performed to assess the impact of infertility factors, and the age‐related decline in cumulative live birth rate was calculated by creating eight age‐stratified subgroups.ResultsIn total, 21.9% and 49.4% of the patients conceived after being treated with non‐ART and ART, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age > 35, advanced endometriosis defined by the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification system stages III to IV, and the past history or current presence of uterine fibroid had significantly negative impact on the outcome of non‐ART. Age stratification revealed that advanced endometriosis adversely affected the outcome of non‐ART, especially for patients in their 30s. Assisted reproductive technology treatment for patients with advanced endometriosis was shown to be efficacious because the negative impact had been diminished.ConclusionConsidering that non‐ART treatment had limited role in patients with advanced endometriosis, prompt initiation of ART in these patients aged as young as 30 years can be recommended to achieve conception.
Contribution of different rumen microbial groups to gas, short‐chain fatty acid and ammonium production from different diets—an approach in an in vitro fermentation system
Authors: Mobashar Mohammad , Hummel Jürgen , Blank Ralf , Südekum Karl‐Heinz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, the relative contribution of different microbial groups to ruminal metabolism was investigated for different diets. The rumen microbial cultures included whole rumen fluid, fungi + protozoa, bacteria + protozoa, protozoa and bacteria + fungi and were established by physical and chemical methods. Gas production, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonium production were measured at 24 hr in in vitro incubations using the Hohenheim gas test (HGT) procedure. Seven donor animal diets with different concentrate‐to‐roughage ratios (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 70:30BC (BC = NaHCO3), 90:10 and 90:10BC) and five HGT diets (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10) were formulated. Incubations in the HGT were always based on inoculum from sheep diets with the respective C:R ratio. Gas and ammonium production increased (p < 0.001) as a result of a gradual increase in concentrate proportion of the diets. In general, SCFA production followed the same trend. Whole rumen fluid and bacteria + fungi produced approximately 50% higher gas volume than protozoa and fungi + protozoa fractions, whereas gas production with bacteria + protozoa was at an intermediate level. Coculture of protozoa either with bacteria or with fungi produced more ammonium. Populations without bacteria were characterized by a particularly high acetate/propionate ratio. Although an interaction between microbial group and diet was observed for several variables, no clear direction could be established. Manipulating rumen fluid by selectively suppressing specific rumen microbial groups may be a helpful tool in elucidating their role in nutrient degradation and turnover in vitro.
Case series and systematic review of acquired diaphragmatic hernia after liver transplantation
Authors: Emamaullee Juliet A. , Nekrasov Victor , Gilmour Susan , Kneteman Norman , Yanni George , Kohli Rohit , Thomas Daniel , Genyk Yuri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundADH is a rare and potentially fatal complication following LT. In this study, a systematic review was completed to identify risk factors which may contribute to ADH.MethodsTransplant databases at three LT programs were reviewed. Four pediatric and zero adult cases were identified. Next, a systematic review was completed. Fourteen studies describing 41 patients with ADH were identified. Patient demographics, transplant characteristics, and features of ADH diagnosis were examined.ResultsThe majority (90.2%) of ADH were in children. In pediatric LT, 95.1% received a segmental allograft. ADH occurred in the right P diaphragm 92.7% of the time, and 87.8% were repaired primarily. Patient demographics, post‐transplant complications, and immunosuppression regimens were broad and failed to predict ADH. Most patients presented with either respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. There were two pediatric deaths related to undiagnosed ADH. The combined worldwide incidence of ADH in pediatric LT is 1.5% (34/2319 patients).ConclusionADH is a rare complication post‐LT that primarily occurs in pediatric recipients. When diagnosed early, ADH can be repaired primarily with good outcomes.
Can Starving Start‐ups Beat Fat Labs? A Bandit Model of Innovation with Endogenous Financing Constraint*
Authors: Spiganti Alessandro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIs there any such thing as too much capital when it comes to the financing of innovative projects? We study a principal–agent model in which the principal chooses the scale of the experiment, and the agent privately observes the outcome realizations and can privately choose the novelty of the project. When the agent has private access to a safe but non‐innovative project, the principal starves the agent of funds to incentivize risk‐taking. The principal quickly scales up after early successes, and can tolerate early failures. If the principal is equally informed about the outcome, then the agent is well‐resourced, resembling a large research and development department.
Pharmacotherapy for the pseudobulbar affect in individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Clay Fiona J. , Hicks Amelia J. , Perry Luke A. , Ponsford Jennie L. , Jayaram Mahesh , Hopwood Malcolm 
Published: October 2018

Review objective/question:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy as compared to all comparators for the management of pseudobulbar affect in adults 16 years and over who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. The specific review question is: What is the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for the management of pseudobulbar affect in adults 16 years and over who have sustained a traumatic brain injury?
Effectiveness of corneal abrasion prevention interventions for adults undergoing general anesthesia for more than one hour: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Morris Amanda , Bonanno Laura , Bennett Marsha 
Published: October 2018

Review question
The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of eye lubrication, tape and/or a combination of these interventions in preventing corneal abrasions in adult patients aged 18 and over undergoing general anesthesia for more than one hour?
Impact of mobile health interventions during the perinatal period for mothers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dol Justine , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Tomblin Murphy Gail , Aston Megan , McMillan Douglas , Richardson Brianna 
Published: October 2018

Review question:
The objective of this review is to determine the impact of mother-targeted mobile health (mHealth) education interventions available during the perinatal period in low- and middle-income countries on maternal and newborn outcomes. Thus, the review questions are: what is the impact of mother-targeted mHealth education interventions on: