bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Legislative Speech in the Turkish Parliament: Reconsidering the Electoral Connection under Proportional Representation
Authors: Bulut Alper T , İlter Emel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe aim to address two weaknesses of the growing literature on legislative debate and legislative behaviour. First, most studies on legislative speech focus on the role of party unity and individual dissent on speech-making behaviour and largely ignore the role of legislators’ own calculations regarding their electoral vulnerability. Secondly, research on legislative behaviour that studies mechanisms other than legislative speech usually explores the role of electoral incentives where there is Single Member District (SMD) or open list system, and largely neglects closed list proportional representation systems with multi-member districts. We suggest that, similar to SMD and single transferable vote systems, the electoral vulnerability of individual legislators provides incentives to nurture a personal reputation and signals their efforts to their constituents and party leadership. Using a novel dataset of parliamentary speeches in the Turkish Parliament (2007–2011), we demonstrate that legislators who are electorally more vulnerable participate more in legislative debate, and are more likely to deliver constituency-related speeches.
European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease – the SHARE initiative
Authors: de Graeff Nienke , Groot Noortje , Ozen Seza , Eleftheriou Despina , Avcin Tadej , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Dolezalova Pavla , Feldman Brian M , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Lahdenne Pekka , McCann Liza , Pilkington Clarissa , Ravelli Angelo , van Royen-Kerkhof Annet , Uziel Yosef , Vastert Bas , Wulffraat Nico , Kamphuis Sylvia , Brogan Paul , Beresford Michael W 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe European Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe initiative aimed to optimize care for children with rheumatic diseases. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children and an important cause of long-term cardiac disease into adulthood. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of KD is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the disease but is crucial for improving outcome. To date, there are no European internationally agreed, evidence-based guidelines concerning the diagnosis and treatment of KD in children. Accordingly, treatment regimens differ widely. The aim of this study is to provide consensus-based, European-wide evidence-informed recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of children with KD.MethodsRecommendations were developed using the EULAR’s standard operating procedures. An extensive systematic literature search was performed, and evidence-based recommendations were extrapolated from the included papers. These were evaluated by a panel of international experts via online surveys and subsequently discussed in three consensus meetings, using nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted when ⩾80% agreed.ResultsIn total, 17 recommendations for diagnosis and 14 for treatment of KD in children were accepted. Diagnostic recommendations included laboratory and imaging workup for complete as well as incomplete KD. Treatment recommendations included the importance of early treatment in both complete and incomplete KD, use of intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, corticosteroids for high-risk cases, and other treatment options for those with resistant disease.ConclusionThe Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe initiative provides international evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating KD in children, facilitating improvement and uniformity of care.
ABDOMEN–PELVIS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION: AN IMAGE QUALITY AND DOSE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Pelegrino Bastos Maués Nadine Helena , Fattori Alves Allan Felipe , Menegatti Pavan Ana Luiza , Marrone Ribeiro Sergio , Yamashita Seizo , Petean Trindade André , Mascarenhas Yvone Maria , Nicolucci Patrícia , Rodrigues de Pina Diana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has a high level of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and follow-up of pathologies of the abdomen–pelvis region. Some features, such as automatic tube current modulation (ATCM), permits the acquisition of quality images with low radiation doses. This study evaluated the image quality and radiation dose of abdomen–pelvis CT protocols with ATCM technique. Were performed five CT protocols using 16-slice and 64-slice scanners, an anthropomorphic phantom for dosimetric measurements, an analytical phantom and retrospective examinations for image quality analysis. Were found significant reduction in effective dose. The highest absorbed doses were found in the stomach and spleen (56.1 and 47.2 mGy, respectively). Objective parameters as noise, low contrast and spatial resolution did not significantly differ between the protocols (p > 0.05). All protocols received the range of ‘Optimum/Acceptable’ in patient’s image quality analysis. This methodology can be reproduced in any clinical routine to optimize CT protocols.
Presbyopic Personal Computer Work: A Comparison of Progressive Addition Lenses for General Purpose and Personal Computer Work
Authors: Kolbe Oliver , Degle Stephan 
Published: October 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Computer-specific progressive addition lenses (PC-PALs) are shown to reduce computer vision syndrome (CVS) symptoms, increase visual comfort and tolerance, and improve body posture at the personal computer. They are highly preferred by computer workers. Increasing their use may aid prevention measures within the workplace health management.

PURPOSE
This study investigates whether technical differences between general-purpose progressive addition lenses (GP-PALs) and PC-PALs are subjectively manifest in CVS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred ninety presbyopic visual display unit (VDU) workers aged 53 ± 6 years (mean ± SD) were fitted with GP-PALs and PC-PALs in a subject-masked, randomized, crossover study. Subjects tested both corrections at their personal workplace for 2 weeks each, for VDU work only. Comfort and lens type preferences were assessed using a 24-item questionnaire developed for this study.

RESULTS
Computer vision syndrome was perceived approximately seven times more often with GP-PALs compared with PC-PALs. Eighty-four percent of subjects preferred PC-PALs for their VDU work. Computer-specific progressive addition lenses ratings were statistically and clinically significantly better than GP-PALs (5.95 vs. 4.42 of 7 points; 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.85). An existing ametropia or prior experience with PALs did not influence the score. Only 14.2% of subjects had received information about specific VDU eyewear from their optician or optometrist, whereas 79% expressed the wish to be informed about these products.

CONCLUSIONS
Computer-specific progressive addition lenses reduce the perception of the CVS and are highly preferred by VDU workers.
Ocular Component Development during Infancy and Early Childhood
Authors: Mutti Donald O. , Sinnott Loraine T. , Lynn Mitchell G. , Jordan Lisa A. , Friedman Nina E. , Frane Sara L. , Lin Wendy K. 
Published: October 2018

SIGNIFICANCEThe study fills an important gap by providing a longitudinal description of development of the major structural and optical components of the human eye from 3 months to nearly 7 years of age. Normative development data may provide insights into mechanisms for emmetropization and guidance on intraocular lens power calculation.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of development of refractive error and the ocular components from infancy through early childhood.METHODSCycloplegic retinoscopy (cyclopentolate 1%), keratophakometry, and ultrasonography were performed longitudinally on between 162 and 293 normal birth weight infants at 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6.5 years of age.RESULTSRefractive error and most ocular components displayed an early exponential phase of rapid development during the first 1 to 2 years of life followed by a slower quadratic phase. Anterior and vitreous chamber depths, axial length, and crystalline lens radii increased at every visit. The crystalline lens thinned throughout the ages studied. The power of the cornea showed an early decrease, then stabilized, whereas the crystalline lens showed more robust decreases in power. The crystalline lens refractive index followed a polynomial growth and decay model, with an early increase followed by a decrease starting at 1 to 2 years of age. Refractive error became less hyperopic and then was relatively stable after 1 to 2 years of age. Axial lengths increased by 3.35 ± 0.64 mm between ages 0.25 and 6.5 years, showed uniform rates of growth across the range of initial values, and were correlated with initial axial lengths (r= 0.44,P< .001).CONCLUSIONSEarly ocular optical and structural development appears to be biphasic, with emmetropization occurring within the first 2 years of infancy during a rapid exponential phase. A more stable refractive error follows during a slower quadratic phase of growth when axial elongation is compensated primarily by changes in crystalline lens power.
Factors Affecting Dental Rehabilitation Following Jaw Reconstruction With Free-Fibular Graft In Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Dholam Kanchan P. , Singh Gurkaran Preet , Gurav Sandeep V. , Yadav Prabha 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Existing anatomic factors play a significant role in affecting the possibility of dental rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients undergoing free-fibular graft reconstruction. An observational, cross-sectional study was initiated to evaluate factors affecting dental rehabilitation following free-fibular graft jaw reconstruction in head and neck cancer patients.
Patients who had undergone jaw reconstruction with free-fibular graft, requiring dental rehabilitation were recruited. Irradiated, reconstructed patients who had completed at least 1 year since the last dose of radiotherapy and nonradiated patients who had completed 6 months since reconstruction were recruited. Patients who had undergone soft-tissue reconstruction or free-fibular graft in non-condyle sparing resections were excluded. Patient's demographic data, disease and treatment-related data were obtained. An intra-oral examination was carried out to evaluate anatomic variables affecting dental rehabilitation. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out to study demographic data. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using Pearson χ
2 test and Fisher exact test. Estimates of regression coefficient and their standard errors with 95% confidence interval were calculated.
Total of 138 patients were enrolled and considered for prosthetic rehabilitation. A review of the frequency-based data revealed that 30% (n = 41) patients were considered suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, morbidity of radiotherapy (P = 0.01), interference to placement of implants by reconstruction plates and screws (P = 0.023), unfavorable diagnostic maxilla-mandibular relationship (P = 0.011), and obliterated vestibule (P = 0.001) were statistically established (P < 0.05) as the most significant reasons for not carrying out dental rehabilitation in patients who had undergone free-fibular graft reconstruction.
Comparison of Oral Sodium Bicarbonate and Solifenacin Treatment in Female Overactive Bladder Patients With Acidic Urine pH
Authors: Sönmez Mehmet Giray , Ecer Gökhan , Atici Ahmet , Özkent Mehmet Serkan , İyisoy Mehmet Sinan , Öztürk Ahmet 
Published: October 2018

Objective
In this study, we planned to compare the effects of oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and anticholinergic (solifenacin) treatments in women with overactive bladder (OAB) and acidic urine pH values (<6).

Methods
According to the referral order of OAB patients, 8 g/d oral NaHCO3 (group 1) or 5 mg/d solifenacin succinate (group 2) was given to the patients. Both treatment regimens were applied one at a time for 12 weeks in total. Laboratory values, bladder diary, Patient Perception of Bladder Condition score, Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale, Overactive Bladder–Validated 8-Question Awareness Tool, and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) scores before and after treatment were compared.

Results
A total of 59 patients were evaluated. Thirty-one patients were included in group 1, and 28 patients were included in group 2. No difference was detected in pretreatment and posttreatment laboratory values other than urine pH values in both groups. Whereas there was no difference in pretreatment urine pH values among the 2 groups, posttreatment urine pH values were significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (P = 0.08, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant amelioration in the bladder diary parameters, symptom scores, and KHQ values measured after treatment in both groups. However, degree of amelioration in posttreatment outcomes was similar among the groups.

Conclusions
It was demonstrated that urinary alkalization made with oral NaHCO3 in female OAB patients with acidic urine pH had a significantly positive effect on symptoms and symptom scores, and these results are similar to the results of solifenacin treatment.
Management of Recurrent and De Novo NAFLD/NASH After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Germani Giacomo , Laryea Marie , Rubbia-Brandt Laura , Egawa Hiroto , Burra Patrizia , O'Grady John , Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a growing indication for liver transplant whether the primary or secondary cause of liver disease, and it is expected to be the leading indication in the years to come. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis recurs after transplant but the impact of the recurrence on allograft and patient outcomes is unclear. A group of multidisciplinary transplant practice providers convened at the International Liver Transplantation Society NASH consensus conference with the purpose of determining the current knowledge and future directions for understanding the recurrence rates, risk and management of NASH in the transplant allograft. Specific questions relating to posttransplant NASH were proposed and reviewed in detail with recommendations on future actions to fill the knowledge gaps.
Microbial predator-prey interactions could favor coincidental selection of diverse virulence factors in marine coastal waters
Authors: Robino Etienne , Poirier Aurore C. , Lopez-Joven Carmen , Auguet Jean-Christophe , Rubio Tristan P. , Cazevieille Chantal , Rolland Jean-Luc , Héchard Yann , Destoumieux-Garzon Delphine , Charrière Guillaume M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTVibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events. Among them, V. tasmaniensis LGP32 behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster hemocytes, a property rather unusual in vibrios. Herein, we asked whether LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis could result from coincidental selection of virulence factors during interactions with heterotrophic protists, such as amoeba, in the environment. To answer that question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster-farming areas to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae of the Vannella genus that were found abundant in the oyster environment. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by amoebae and this phenotype was dependent on previously identified virulence factors: the secreted metalloprotease Vsm and the copper efflux p-ATPase CopA. Using dedicated in vitro assays, our results showed that these virulence factors act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions than they do in oysters-vibrio interactions. Hence, the virulence factors of LGP32 are key determinants of biotic interactions with multiple hosts ranging from protozoans to metazoans, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by amoebae in marine coastal environments favor coincidental selection of virulence factors.
Authorship inflation and author gender in pulmonology research
Authors: Umberham Blake , Smith Caleb , Henning Nolan , Vassar Matt 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionHonorary authorship and equal gender representation are two pressing matters in scientific research. Honorary authorship is the inclusion of authors who do not meet the criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship guidelines. The inclusion of honorary authors in the medical literature has led to an increase of the number of authors on studies and a decrease in single author studies in various fields.MethodsOur primary objective was to assess authorship trends in two major pulmonology journals (selected on the basis of Google Scholar rankings): Thorax and American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. We reviewed all articles published in both journals in the years 1994, 2004, and 2014 using Web of Science and extracted data such as number of authors and gender of the first and last authors.ResultsThe total number of authors steadily increased from 1994 to 2014. The median number of authors grew from about four in 1994 to nearly seven in 2014, which is approximately a 75% increase. When we compiled all the data, we found the percentage of female authors from both journals had increased from 17% to 29.9% during the study period.DiscussionWe found an increase in the average number of authors on pulmonology publications between 1994 and 2014 as well as an increase in the number of females with a lead or main author position. This may be due to a variety of factors, such as increased team science. However, our data in conjunction with data from other areas of medicine, indicate that honorary authorship may be contributing to the trends we identified.
CopySwitch -in vivooptimization of gene copy numbers for heterologous gene expression inBacillus subtilis
Authors: Nadler Florian , Bracharz Felix , Kabisch Johannes 
Published: October 2018

1.AbstractThe Gram-positive bacteriumBacillus subtilishas long been used as a host for production and secretion of industrially relevant enzymes like amylases and proteases. It is imperative for optimal efficiency, to balance protein yield and correct folding. Gene copy numbers are an important tuning valve for the optimization of heterologous gene expression. While some genes are best expressed from many gene copies, for other genes, medium or even single copy numbers are the only way to avoid formation of inclusion bodies, toxic gene dosage effects or achieve desired levels for metabolic engineering. In order to provide a simple and robust method to address above-mentioned issues in the Gram-positive bacteriumBacillus subtilis, we have developed an automatable system for the tuning of heterologous gene expression based on the host’s intrinsic natural competence and homologous recombination capabilities. By supplying our reporter strains with a linearized, low copy number plasmid containing homology regions left and right of the reporter genes and an antibiotic resistance marker, we could show an up to 3.6-fold highergfp(green fluorescent protein) expression and up to 1.3-fold highermPLC(mature phospholipase C) expression after successful recombination and thus circularization of our plasmid. Furthermore, the plasmid-bornegfpexpression seems to be more stable, since over the whole cultivation period the share of fluorescent cells compared to all measured cells is consistently higher.
Multi-Method Molecular Characterisation of Human Dust-Mite-associated Allergic Asthma
Authors: Whittle E. , Leonard M.O. , Gant T.W. , Tonge D.P 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Disease presentation varies greatly in terms of cause, development, severity, and response to medication, and thus the condition has been subdivided into a number of asthma phenotypes. There is still an unmet need for the identification of phenotype-specific markers and accompanying molecular tools that facilitate the classification of asthma phenotype. To this end, we utilised a range of molecular tools to characterise a well-defined group of adults with poorly controlled asthma associated with house dust mite (HDM) allergy, relative to non-asthmatic control subjects. Circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) were sequenced and quantified, and a differential expression analysis of the two RNA populations performed to determine how gene expression and regulation varied in the disease state. Further, a number of circulating proteins (IL-4, 5, 10, 17A, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFNy, MCP-1, TARC, TNFa, Total IgE, and Endotoxin) were quantified to determine whether the protein profiles differed significantly dependent on disease state. Finally, assessment of the circulating “blood microbiome” was performed using 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Asthmatic subjects displayed a range of significant alterations to circulating gene expression and regulation, relative to healthy control subjects, that may influence systemic immune activity. Notably, several circulating mRNAs were detected in the plasma in a condition-specific manner, and many more were found to be expressed at altered levels. Proteomic analysis revealed increased levels of inflammatory proteins within the serum, and decreased levels of the bacterial endotoxin protein in the asthma state. Comparison of blood microbiome composition revealed a significant increase in the Firmicutes phylum with asthma that was associated with a concomitant reduction in the Proteobacteria phylum. This study provides a valuable insight into the systemic changes evident in the HDM-associated asthma, identifies a range of molecules that are present in the circulation in a condition-specific manner (with clear biomarker potential), and highlights a range of hypotheses for further study.
Interaction of modified oligonucleotides with nuclear proteins, formation of novel nuclear structures and sequence-independent effects on RNA processing
Authors: Flynn Loren L , Li Ruohan , Aung-Htut May T , Pitout Ianthe L , Cooper Jack A L , Hubbard Alysia , Griffiths Lisa , Bond Charlie , Wilton Steve D , Fox Archa H , Fletcher Sue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOligonucleotides and nucleic acid analogues that alter gene expression are showing therapeutic promise for selected human diseases. The modification of synthetic nucleic acids to protect against nuclease degradation and to influence drug function is common practice, however, such modifications may also confer unexpected physicochemical and biological properties. Here we report backbone-specific effects of modified oligonucleotides on subnuclear organelles, altered distribution of nuclear proteins, the appearance of novel structured nuclear inclusions, and modification of RNA processing in cultured cells transfected with antisense oligonucleotides on a phosphorothioate backbone. Phosphodiester and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers elicited no such consequences. Disruption of subnuclear structures and proteins elicit severe phenotypic disturbances, revealed by transcriptomic analysis of fibroblasts exhibiting such disruption. These data suggest that the toxic effects and adverse events reported after clinical evaluation of phosphorothioate nucleic acid drugs may be mediated, at least in part, by non-specific interaction of nuclear components with the phosphorothioate backbone.