bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbal medicine (zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction) for unstable angina
Authors: Tang Yong , Cai Hairong , Zhan Zhenye , Luo Yajie , Huang Yonglian , Chen Dongjie , Chen Bojun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Unstable angina (UA) is a clinically common coronary heart disease. Zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction (ZXGD) has been widely used in the management of UA, although its effective evidence is not clear and there is no systematic review regarding its efficacy and safety. Therefore, we conduct this systematic review protocol to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ZXGD in the treatment of UA.

Methods:
We will search the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, EBASE, Springer, WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wan-fang database from their inception to October 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English and Chinese will be included. Continuous data will be expressed as mean difference or standard mean difference, and dichotomous data relative as risk. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment with risk of bias and data analysis will be performed by two independent authors. RevMan software version 5.3 will be used for meta-analysis.

Results:
This study will provide high-quality evidence of ZXGD in the treatment of UA from the following aspects, including clinical efficacy, blood lipids, Seattle angina scale, electrocardiogram improvement, ST-segment depression, left ventricular ejection fraction, angina duration, and adverse events.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide a basis for judging whether ZXGD is an effective intervention for UA or not.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD 42018115528.
The Functional Anatomy of the Deep Facial Fat Compartments: A Detailed Imaging-Based Investigation
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Gotkin Robert H. , Frank Konstantin , Koban Konstantin C. , Targosinski Stefan , Sykes Jonathan M. , Schlager Markus , Schlattau Alexander , Schenck Thilo L. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Injection of soft-tissue fillers into the facial fat compartments is frequently performed to ameliorate the signs of facial aging. This study was designed to investigate the functional anatomy of the deep facial fat compartments and to provide information on the effects of injected material in relation to age and gender differences.

Methods:
Forty fresh frozen cephalic specimens of 17 male and 23 female Caucasian body donors (mean age, 76.9 ± 13.1 years; mean body mass index, 23.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2) were investigated. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging procedures were carried out using colored contrast-enhanced materials with rheologic properties similar to commercially available soft-tissue fillers. Anatomical dissections were performed to guide conclusions.

Results:
No statistically significant influences of age or gender were detected in the investigated sample. Increased amounts of injected contrast agent did not correlate with inferior displacement of the material in any of the investigated compartments: deep pyriform, deep medial cheek, deep lateral cheek, deep nasolabial (located within the premaxillary space), and the medial and lateral sub–orbicularis oculi fat.

Conclusions:
Increasing volume in the deep midfacial fat compartments did not cause inferior displacement of the injected material. This underscores the role of deep soft-tissue filler injections (i.e., in contact with the bone) in providing support for overlying structures and resulting in anterior projection.
Persistent Opioid Use and High-Risk Prescribing in Body Contouring Patients
Authors: Bennett Katelyn G. , Kelley Brian P. , Vick Alexis D. , Lee Jay S. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Brummett Chad M. , Waljee Jennifer F. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Opioid misuse occurs commonly among obese patients and after bariatric surgery. However, the risk of new persistent use following postbariatric body contouring procedures remains unknown.

Methods:
The authors examined insurance claims from Clinformatics Data Mart (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, Minn.) between 2001 and 2015 for opioid-naive patients undergoing five body contouring procedures: abdominoplasty/panniculectomy, breast reduction, mastopexy, brachioplasty, and thighplasty (n = 11,257). Their primary outcomes included both new persistent opioid use, defined as continued prescription fills between 90 and 180 days after surgery, and the prevalence of high-risk prescribing. They used multilevel logistic regression to assess the risk of new persistent use, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results:
In this cohort, 6.1 percent of previously opioid-naive patients developed new persistent use, and 12.9 percent were exposed to high-risk prescribing. New persistent use was higher in patients with high-risk prescribing (9.2 percent). New persistent use was highest after thighplasty (17.7 percent; 95 percent CI, 0.03 to 0.33). Increasing Charlson comorbidity indices (OR, 1.11; 95 percent CI, 1.05 to 1.17), mood disorders (OR, 1.27; 95 percent CI, 1.05 to 1.54), anxiety (OR, 1.41; 95 percent CI, 1.16 to 1.73), tobacco use (OR, 1.22; 95 percent CI, 1.00 to 1.49), neck pain (OR, 1.23; 95 percent CI, 1.04 to 1.46), arthritis (OR, 1.30; 95 percent CI, 1.08 to 1.58), and other pain disorders (OR, 1.36; 95 percent CI, 1.16 to 1.60) were independently associated with persistent use.

Conclusions:
Similar to other elective procedures, 6 percent of opioid-naive patients developed persistent use, and 12 percent were exposed to high-risk prescribing practices. Plastic surgeons should remain aware of risk factors and offer opioid alternatives.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
To Bot or Not? Challenging the Top Social Media Influencers in #PlasticSurgery
Authors: Fan Kenneth L. , Economides James M. , Song David H. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The influence of social media on plastic surgery continues to be explored. Prospective patients may seek out surgeons with greater number of followers. Recently, companies selling Twitter bots have been exposed. The authors sought to examine the number of fake users, practice types, and the content of tweets broadcasted by top influencers in plastic surgery.

Methods:
Top 100 influencers were identified. The influencers were categorized into academic versus private practice and sorted according to their board-certification status. Among each board-certification status, the top five influencers of each category (American Board of Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, international plastic surgeon, other physician, nonphysician) were determined, and their 300 most recent tweets were analyzed for educational, promotional, or personal content. Fake bots among respective followers were identified by TwitterAudit.

Results:
Private practice surgeons represented 68 percent of the top tweeters. Academicians were only 8 percent. American board-certified surgeons represented 55 percent of the top tweeters. Compared with American board-certified surgeons, nonphysicians had a higher number of fake bots. Among the 7500 tweets that were analyzed, nonphysicians were more likely to have promotional and less likely to have educational posts when comparing to board-certified American or international plastic surgeons.

Conclusions:
Plastic surgeons are quick to adapt to the dynamic and evolving nature of social media. However, academic surgeons are poorly represented among the top influencers. Although top influencers are board-certified plastic surgeons, they continue to occupy only a fraction of the total discourse on plastic surgery.
Economic Analysis Based on the Use of Closed-Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy after Postoperative Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Gabriel Allen , Maxwell G. Patrick 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Breast cancer accounts for 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women. Although more options are now available regarding breast reconstruction, the risk of complications (eg, infection, dehiscence, and expander exposure) is also prevalent and must be considered when choosing a reconstruction option because the cost for complications can be substantial.

Methods:
A hypothetical cost model was applied to clinical outcomes of a previous retrospective study comparing the use of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) and standard of care (SOC) over breast incisions after immediate reconstruction. The adjusted complication cost for a mastectomy with reconstruction was a mean of $10,402 and was calculated using a database of inpatient, outpatient, and carrier claims.

Results:
The previous retrospective study included data on 665 breasts (ciNPT = 331, SOC = 334) and 356 female patients (ciNPT = 177, SOC = 179) and reported on complication rates at the breast level: 8.5% (28/331) for the ciNPT breast group versus 15.9% (53/334) for the SOC group (P = 0.0092). In the ciNPT group, 24/177 patients (13.6%) had a complication, whereas in the SOC group, 38/179 patients (21.2%) had a complication. Based on the adjusted mean complication cost of $10,402, total complication cost for the ciNPT group was $250,000 versus $395,000 for the SOC group with a per-patient cost savings of $218.00 with ciNPT.

Conclusion:
The authors’ preliminary findings show potential cost savings with the use of ciNPT over breast incisions and warrant further study regarding the cost-effectiveness of ciNPT compared with standard of care after immediate breast reconstruction.
Meta-Analysis of Comparative Trials Evaluating a Single-Use Closed-Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy System
Authors: Singh Devinder P. , Gabriel Allen , Parvizi Javad , Gardner Michael J. , D’Agostino Ralph 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a significant surgical complication. Application of closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) has been associated with reduced SSI rates in published literature. This meta-analysis examines the effect of ciNPT use over closed incisions in reducing SSIs versus traditional dressings.

Methods:
A systematic literature search using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and QUOSA was performed focusing on publications between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2018. Characteristics of study participants, surgical procedure, type of dressing used, duration of treatment, incidence of SSI, and length of follow-up were extracted. Weighted odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated to pool study and control groups in each publication for analysis. Treatment effects were combined using Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios as the summary statistics, and a fixed-effects model was used for each analysis performed. The chi-square test was used to statistically assess heterogeneity. For each meta-analysis performed, the more conservative random-effects models were conducted as sensitivity analyses.

Results:
For all meta-analyses (randomized controlled trial only, observational studies only, colorectal/abdominal, obstetrics, lower extremity, groin/vascular, cardiac), heterogeneity tests were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). All fixed-effects meta-analyses were significant in favor of ciNPT use over traditional dressings (P < 0.05). When the random-effects analyses were performed, all analyses except obstetrics remained significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
For all meta-analyses performed using the fixed-effects approach, ciNPT usage demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in incidence of SSI relative to traditional dressings.
Infectious Disease Transmission in Solid Organ Transplantation: Donor Evaluation, Recipient Risk, and Outcomes of Transmission
Authors: White Sarah L. , Rawlinson William , Boan Peter , Sheppeard Vicky , Wong Germaine , Waller Karen , Opdam Helen , Kaldor John , Fink Michael , Verran Deborah , Webster Angela , Wyburn Kate , Grayson Lindsay , Glanville Allan , Cross Nick , Irish Ashley , Coates Toby , Griffin Anthony , Snell Greg , Alexander Stephen I. , Campbell Scott , Chadban Steven , Macdonald Peter , Manley Paul , Mehakovic Eva , Ramachandran Vidya , Mitchell Alicia , Ison Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In 2016, the Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand, with the support of the Australian Government Organ and Tissue authority, commissioned a literature review on the topic of infectious disease transmission from deceased donors to recipients of solid organ transplants. The purpose of this review was to synthesize evidence on transmission risks, diagnostic test characteristics, and recipient management to inform best-practice clinical guidelines. The final review, presented as a special supplement in Transplantation Direct, collates case reports of transmission events and other peer-reviewed literature, and summarizes current (as of June 2017) international guidelines on donor screening and recipient management. Of particular interest at the time of writing was how to maximize utilization of donors at increased risk for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, given the recent developments, including the availability of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus and improvements in donor screening technologies. The review also covers emerging risks associated with recent epidemics (eg, Zika virus) and the risk of transmission of nonendemic pathogens related to donor travel history or country of origin. Lastly, the implications for recipient consent of expanded utilization of donors at increased risk of blood-borne viral disease transmission are considered.
De novogenome assembly of the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) developed through a combination of linked-reads and long-read technologies
Authors: Djambazian Haig , Bayega Anthony , Tsoumani Konstantina T. , Sagri Efthimia , Gregoriou Maria-Eleni , Giorda Kristina , Tsiamis George , Bourtzis Kostas , Oikonomopoulos Spyridon , Dewar Ken , Church Deanna , Mathiopoulos Kostas D. , Ragoussis Jiannis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong-read sequencing has greatly contributed to the generation of high quality assemblies, albeit at a high cost. It is also not always clear how to combine sequencing platforms. We sequenced the genome of the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae), the most important pest in the olive fruits agribusiness industry, using Illumina short-reads, mate-pairs, 10x Genomics linked-reads, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). The 10x linked-reads assembly gave the most contiguous assembly with an N50 of 2.16 Mb. Scaffolding the linked-reads assembly using long-reads from ONT gave a more contiguous assembly with scaffold N50 of 4.59 Mb. We also present the most extensive transcriptome datasets of the olive fly derived from different tissues and stages of development. Finally, we used the Chromosome Quotient method to identify Y-chromosome scaffolds and show that the long-reads based assembly generates very highly contiguous Y-chromosome assembly.JR is a member of the MinION Access Program (MAP) and has received free-of-charge flow cells and sequencing kits from Oxford Nanopore Technologies for other projects. JR has had no other financial support from ONT.AB has received re-imbursement for travel costs associated with attending Nanopore Community meeting 2018, a meeting organized my Oxford Nanopore Technologies.
Structure of the tripartite motif of KAP1/TRIM28 identifies molecular interfaces required for transcriptional silencing of retrotransposons
Authors: Stoll Guido A. , Oda Shun-ichiro , Chong Zheng-Shan , Yu Minmin , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Modis Yorgo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTranscription of transposable elements is tightly regulated to prevent damage to the genome. The family of KRAB domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) and KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1/TRIM28) play a key role in regulating retrotransposons. KRAB-ZFPs recognize specific retrotransposon sequences and recruit KAP1, which controls the assembly of an epigenetic silencing complex including histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1. The chromatin remodeling activities of this complex repress transcription of the targeted transposable element and any adjacent genes. Here, we use biophysical and structural approaches to show that the tripartite motif (TRIM) of KAP1 forms antiparallel dimers, which further assemble into tetramers and higher-order oligomers in a concentration-dependent manner. Structure-based mutations in the B-box 1 domain prevented higher-order oligomerization without a significant loss of retrotransposon silencing activity in a cell-based assay, indicating that, in contrast to other TRIM family members, self-assembly is not essential for the function of KAP1. The crystal structure of the KAP1 RBCC dimer identifies the KRAB domain binding site, in the coiled-coil domain near the dyad. Mutations at this site abolished KRAB binding and transcriptional silencing activity of KAP1. This work identifies the interaction interfaces in the KAP1 RBCC motif responsible for self-association and KRAB binding and establishes their role in retrotransposon silencing.
Polygenic adaptation to an environmental shift: temporal dynamics of variation under Gaussian stabilizing selection and additive effects on a single trait
Authors: Thornton Kevin R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPredictions about the effect of natural selection on patterns of linked neutral variation are largely based on models involving the rapid fixation of unconditionally beneficial mutations. However, when phenotypes adapt to a new optimum trait value, the strength of selection on individual mutations decreases as the population adapts. Here, I use explicit forward simulations of a single trait with additive-effect mutations adapting to an optimum shift. Detectable “hitch-hiking” patterns are only apparent if i. the optimum shifts are large with respect to equilibrium variation for the trait, ii. mutation rates to large-effect mutations are low, and iii., large-effect mutations rapidly increase in frequency and eventually reach fixation, which typically occurs after the population reaches the new optimum. For the parameters simulated here, partial sweeps do not appreciably affect patterns of linked variation, even when the mutations are strongly selected. The contribution of new mutations versus standing variation to fixation depends on the mutation rate affecting trait values. Given the fixation of a strongly-selected variant, patterns of hitch-hiking are similar on average for the two classes of sweeps because sweeps from standing variation involving large-effect mutations are rare when the optimum shifts. The distribution of effect sizes of new mutations has little effect on the time to reach the new optimum, but reducing the mutational variance increases the magnitude of hitch-hiking patterns. In general, populations reach the new optimum prior to the completion of any sweeps, and the times to fixation are longer for this model than for standard models of directional selection. The long fixation times are due to a combination of declining selection pressures during adaptation and the possibility of interference among weakly selected sites for traits with high mutation rates.
Impact of modular mitochondrial epistatic interactions on the evolution of human subpopulations
Authors: Shinde Pramod , Whitwell Harry J. , Verma Rahul Kumar , Ivanchenko Mikhail , Zaikin Alexey , Jalan Sarika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvestigation of human mitochondrial (mt) genome variation has been shown to provide insights to the human history and natural selection. By analyzing 24,167 human mt-genome samples, collected for five continents, we have developed a co-mutation network model to investigate characteristic human evolutionary patterns. The analysis highlighted richer co-mutating regions of the mt-genome, suggesting the presence of epistasis. Specifically, a large portion of COX genes was found to co-mutate in Asian and American populations, whereas, in African, European, and Oceanic populations, there was greater co-mutation bias in hypervariable regions. Interestingly, this study demonstrated hierarchical modularity as a crucial agent for these co-mutation networks. More profoundly, our ancestry-based co-mutation module analyses showed that mutations cluster preferentially in known mitochondrial haplogroups. Contemporary human mt-genome nucleotides most closely resembled the ancestral state, and very few of them were found to be ancestral-variants. Overall, these results demonstrated that subpopulation-based biases may favor mitochondrial gene specific epistasis.
Strong Patterns of Intraspecific Variation and Local Adaptation in Great Basin Plants Revealed Through a Review of 75 Years of Experiments
Authors: Baughman Owen W. , Agneray Alison C. , Forister Matthew L. , Kilkenny Francis F. , Espeland Erin K. , Fiegener Rob , Horning Matthew E. , Johnson Richard C. , Kaye Thomas N. , Ott Jeffrey E. , Clair J. Bradley St. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVariation in natural selection across heterogenous landscapes often produces 1) among-population differences in phenotypic traits, 2) trait-by-environment associations, and 3) higher fitness of local populations. Using a broad literature search, we documented the frequency of these three signatures in plants native to North America’s Great Basin and asked which traits and environmental variables were involved. We also asked, independent of geographic distance, whether populations from more similar environments had more similar traits. From 327 experiments testing 121 taxa in 170 studies, we found 95.1% of 305 experiments reported among-population differences, and 81.4% of 161 experiments reported trait-by-environment associations. Locals showed greater survival in 67% of 24 reciprocal experiments that reported survival, and higher fitness in 90% of 10 reciprocal experiments that reported reproductive output. Variation in eight commonly-measured traits was associated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature at the source location, with notably strong relationships for flowering phenology, leaf size, and survival, among others. Although the Great Basin is sometimes perceived as environmentally homogenous, our results demonstrate widespread habitat-related population differentiation and local adaptation, suggesting that locally-sourced plants likely harbor restoration-relevant adaptations, and that certain key traits and environmental variables should be prioritized in future assessments of plants.