bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of epileptic regions from voluntary high-gamma activation via interictal cross-frequency windowed power-power correlation
Authors: Kogan Michael , Caldwell David J. , Hakimian Shahin , Weaver Kurt E. , Ko Andrew L. , Ojemann Jeffery G. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEElectrocorticography is an indispensable tool in identifying the epileptogenic zone in the presurgical evaluation of many epilepsy patients. Traditional electrocorticographic features (spikes, ictal onset changes, and recently high-frequency oscillations [HFOs]) rely on the presence of transient features that occur within or near epileptogenic cortex. Here the authors report on a novel corticography feature of epileptogenic cortex—covariation of high-gamma and beta frequency band power profiles. Band-limited power was measured from each recording site based on native physiological signal differences without relying on clinical ictal or interictal epileptogenic features. In this preliminary analysis, frequency windowed power correlation appears to be a specific marker of the epileptogenic zone. The authors’ overall aim was to validate this observation with the location of the eventual resection and outcome.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 13 adult patients who had undergone electrocorticography for surgical planning at their center. They quantified the correlation of high-gamma (70–200 Hz) and beta (12–18 Hz) band frequency power per electrode site during a cognitive task. They used a sliding window method to correlate the power of smoothed, Hilbert-transformed high-gamma and beta bands. They then compared positive and negative correlations between power in the high-gamma and beta bands in the setting of a hand versus a tongue motor task as well as within the resting state. Significant positive correlations were compared to surgically resected areas and outcomes based on reviewed records.RESULTSPositive high-gamma and beta correlations appeared to predict the area of eventual resection and, preliminarily, surgical outcome independent of spike detection. In general, patients with the best outcomes had well-localized positive correlations (high-gamma and beta activities) to areas of eventual resection, while those with poorer outcomes displayed more diffuse patterns.CONCLUSIONSData in this study suggest that positive high-gamma and beta correlations independent of any behavioral metric may have clinical applicability in surgical decision-making. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical potential of this methodology. Additional work is also needed to relate these results to other methods, such as HFO detection or connectivity with other cortical areas.
Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lee Seung-Bo , Kim Hakseung , Kim Young-Tak , Zeiler Frederick A. , Smielewski Peter , Czosnyka Marek , Kim Dong-Joo 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEMonitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.METHODSThe first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.RESULTSThe proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.CONCLUSIONSThe SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.
Neurocognitive and functional outcomes in patients with diffuse frontal lower-grade gliomas undergoing intraoperative awake brain mapping
Authors: Motomura Kazuya , Chalise Lushun , Ohka Fumiharu , Aoki Kosuke , Tanahashi Kuniaki , Hirano Masaki , Nishikawa Tomohide , Yamaguchi Junya , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Natsume Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVELower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are often observed within eloquent regions, which indicates that tumor resection in these areas carries a potential risk for neurological disturbances, such as motor deficit, language disorder, and/or neurocognitive impairments. Some patients with frontal tumors exhibit severe impairments of neurocognitive function, including working memory and spatial awareness, after tumor removal. The aim of this study was to investigate neurocognitive and functional outcomes of frontal LGGs in both the dominant and nondominant hemispheres after awake brain mapping.METHODSData from 50 consecutive patients with diffuse frontal LGGs in the dominant and nondominant hemispheres who underwent awake brain surgery between December 2012 and September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The goal was to map neurocognitive functions such as working memory by using working memory tasks, including digit span testing and N-back tasks.RESULTSDue to awake language mapping, the frontal aslant tract was frequently identified as a functional boundary in patients with left superior frontal gyrus tumors (76.5%). Furthermore, functional boundaries were identified while evaluating verbal and spatial working memory function by stimulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using the digit span and visual N-back tasks in patients with right superior frontal gyrus tumors (7.1%). Comparing the preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological assessments from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS-R), significant improvement following awake surgery was observed in mean Perceptual Organization (Z = −2.09, p = 0.04) in WAIS-III scores. Postoperative mean WMS-R scores for Visual Memory (Z = −2.12, p = 0.03) and Delayed Recall (Z = −1.98, p = 0.04) were significantly improved compared with preoperative values for every test after awake surgery. No significant deterioration was noted with regard to neurocognitive functions in a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. In the postoperative course, early transient speech and motor disturbances were observed in 30.0% and 28.0% of patients, respectively. In contrast, late permanent speech and motor disturbances were observed in 0% and 4.0%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIt is noteworthy that no significant postoperative deterioration was identified compared with preoperative status in a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The results demonstrated that awake functional mapping enabled favorable neurocognitive and functional outcomes after surgery in patients with diffuse frontal LGGs.
Intraoperative ultrasound visualization of paravertebral anatomy in the retroperitoneal space during lateral lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Nojiri Hidetoshi , Miyagawa Kei , Yamaguchi Hiroto , Koike Masato , Iwase Yoshiyuki , Okuda Takatoshi , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVELumbar surgery via a lateral approach is a minimally invasive and highly useful procedure. However, care must be taken to avoid its potentially fatal complications of intestinal and vascular injuries. The object of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasound in improving the safety of lateral lumbar spine surgery.METHODSA transvaginal ultrasound probe was inserted into the operative field, and the intestinal tract, kidney, psoas muscle, and vertebral body were identified using B-mode ultrasound. The aorta, vena cava, common iliac vessels, and lumbar arteries and their associated branches were identified using the color Doppler mode.RESULTSThe study cohort comprised 100 patients who underwent lateral lumbar spine surgery, 92 via a left-sided approach. The intestinal tract and kidney lateral to the psoas muscle on the anatomical approach pathway were visualized in 36 and 26 patients, respectively. A detachment maneuver displaced the intestinal tract and kidneys in an anteroinferior direction, enabling confirmation of the absence of organ tissues above the psoas. In all patients, the major vessels anterior to the vertebral bodies and the lumbar arteries and associated branches in the psoas on the approach path were clearly visualized in the Doppler mode, and their orientation, location, and positional relationship with regard to the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and psoas were determined.CONCLUSIONSWhen approaching the lateral side of the lumbar spine in the retroperitoneal space, intraoperative ultrasound allows real-time identification of the blood vessels surrounding the lumbar spine, intestinal tract, and kidney in the approach path and improves the safety of surgery without increasing invasiveness.
Implementasi Ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Religius Peserta Didik di SMP Islam Brawijaya Kota Mojokerto
Authors: Yulianti Eva 
Published: May 2019

Indonesian education in recent decades gets many problems such as the weak young generations‟character because the success of a country can be seen from its people‟s characters. We need some breakthroughs which one of them can be done by implementing early religious character in school either in classroom and in religious exstracurricular. Religious exstracurricular has important role in the process of students‟ religious character buildings. This research is done in Brawijaya Islamic Junior Highschool, Mojokerto to know (1) The plan of religious extracurricular program in school, (2) The implementation of religious exstracurricular in building students‟ religious characters in school, and (3) Evaluation of the implementation of religious exstracurricular towards the building of students‟ religious characters in school. This research uses qualitative research with case study approach. This research uses three data collection techniques; they are observation, interview and documentation. This research uses interactive data analysis by Miles and Huberman with stages of data collection, data presentation, data conclusion and data validation. This results show that (1) The plan of religious extracurricular programs aims to build students‟ religious characters. The religious extracurricular program includes Qur’an arts literacy, Qur’an memoryzation, praying together, shalawat al-banjari, a spiritual tour, basic training of rohis leadership and commemoration of Islamic holidays. (2) The Implementation of religious extracurricular is done with three kinds of daily, weekly and anually activities. It is done by giving spiritual lecture, good example, and habit in the school‟s activities. (3) The evaluation of religious extracurricular implementation can be seen from how far the students‟ religious knowledge and attitude according to the learning results books of them. The effects of religious exstracurricular in Brawijaya Islamic Junior High School in positive, it means that this program can help students understand Islamic values and decrease teens‟ naughtiness and bad influence for the students.
Implementasi Total Quality Management (TQM) di SMP Negeri 1 Dlanggu Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Nawawi Syu'aib 
Published: May 2019

TQM should be applied to every Islamic education unit in order to encourage the quality of excellent service to stakeholders. Because, in today's sharp world of global competition, many people talk about "quality" especially related to jobs that produce products or services. A result is made because there are those who need it, and those needs develop along with the quality demands of the users. Recognizing this task, SMPN 1 Dlanggu, which has achieved many achievements in various fields both academically and non-academically, continues to improve services for students by completing various learning facilities, qualified human resources (teachers and employees), and coordinating/collaborating with related institutions. In its implementation, TQM has an influence. Among them, student achievement is increasing. Not only in academics, but also non-academics, the enthusiasm of the community to send their children to SMPN 1 Dlanggu is increasing. There is a good relationship / cooperation between all residents of Dlanggu Middle School 1, both internally and externally to jointly improve school quality
Effect of Azolla Bocachi and Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Goat Manure on the Growth and Production of Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Barus Wan Arfiani , Utami Sri , Azmi Erna Pan 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Azolla Bokashi and liquid organic fertilizer of goat manure on the growth and production of Chinese kale. This study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design. The factors studied were Azolla Bokashi Fertilizer (B) with 3 levels (B0 = without treatment/control, B1 = 5 tons (1.14 kg/plot), B2 = 10 tons (2.28 kg/plot) and liquid organic fertilizer of goat manure (K) (K0 = without treatment, K1 = 100 ml/liter of water, K2 = 200 ml/liter of water, and K3 = 300 ml/liter of water. The parameters observed were the plant height, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, stem diameter, plant’s wet weight, plant’s dry weight and harvest index.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Toksisitas Fraksi Etil Asetat Dari Daun Halban (Vitex Pinnata Linn) Asal Aceh
Authors: Mastura Mastura , Barus Tonel , Marpaung Lamek , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: May 2019

Propinsi Aceh khususnya Kota Langsa memiliki banyak tanaman yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai obat, diantaranya adalah tanaman halban (Vitex pinnata Linn). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari empat jenis fraksi yaitu fraksi metanol, etil asetat, air dan fraksi n- heksan dari daun halban (Vitex pinnata Linn) asal Aceh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode peredaman radikal bebas dengan DPPH ((2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl). Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode BSLT(Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kempat fraksi yang diuji aktivitas antioksidannya, fraksi metanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi yang diikuti dengan fraksi etil asetat, fraksi air dan yang terakhir fraksi n-heksan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lemah dengan nilai IC50 (inhibitor consentration 50) masing-masing berturut-turut adalah19,09, 24,75, 31,72 dan 152,80. Untuk toksisitas dari sepuluh fraksi etil asetat yang diuji menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 8 memiliki nilai LC50(Lethal consentration 50) sebesar 59,41.

Aceh Province, especially Langsa City has many plants that can be efficacious as medicine, including halban plants (Vitex pinnata Linn). The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of four types of fractions, namely methanol, ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane fractions from halban (Vitex pinnata Linn) leaves from Aceh. The method used in this study was the DPPH free radical reduction method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Toxicity test was carried out using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The results showed that from the four fractions tested for antioxidant activity, the methanol fraction had the highest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and finally the n-hexane fraction which had weak antioxidant activity with IC50 (inhibitor consentration 50) values respectively 19.09, 24.75, 31.72 and 152.80. From the toxicity of the ten ethyl acetate fractions tested, it showed that fraction 8 had a lethal concentration 50 of 59.41.
Studi Pembuatan Sabun Cair dari Daging Buah Pepaya (Analisis Pengaruh Kadar Kalium Hidroksida terhadap Kualitas Sabun)
Authors: Sari Sri Adelila , Firdaus Muhammad , Fadilla Nurul Agustia , Irsanti Riska 
Published: May 2019

Buah pepaya mengandung banyak vitamin terutama vitamin A, B, C, dan E. Selain itu, pepaya juga mengandung banyak mineral seperti fosfor, magnesium, zat besi, dan kalsium yang baik untuk kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sabun cair dari daging buah papaya (Carica papaya L.). Selain itu, pengaruh kadar Kalium Hidroksida (KOH) terhadap kualitas sabun juga dianalisis. Sabun cair dibuat dari daging buah papaya melalui reaksi saponifikasi dari minyak dan lemak yang direaksikan dengan KOH. Variasi kadar KOH yang digunakan, yaitu 10, 20, dan 50 persen. Pengaruh kadar KOH terhadap kualitas sabun dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan organoleptis dan uji keasaman (pH). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sabun cair dari daging buah pepaya yang diformulasi dengan variasi KOH berkadar 10, 20, dan 50 persen dengan uji organoleptis adalah sama untuk ketiga variasi KOH. Kesamaan itu ditunjukkan dari segi warna, yaitu berwarna orange, cairan berbentuk homogen, dan memiliki bau yang khas. Selain itu, melalui uji keasaman ditemukan bahwa pH sabun berkisar antara 10 hingga 12. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa formulasi sabun cair yang dibuat menggunakan daging buah pepaya mempunyai kualitas yang terbaik pada kadar KOH 10 persen.

Papaya contains many vitamins, especially vitamin A, B, C, and E. In addition, papaya also contains a lot of minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and calcium which are good for the skin. This study aimed to make liquid soap from papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.). In this study, the effect of the levels of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) on the quality of soap was also analyzed. Liquid soap was made from the flesh of papaya fruit through a saponification reaction from oil and fat which was reacted with KOH. Variations in KOH levels used were 10, 20 and 50 %. The effect of KOH level on the quality of soap was carried out with organoleptic examination and acidity test (pH). The results of this study found that liquid soap from papaya fruit formulated with variations of KOH with levels of 10, 20, and 50 % with organoleptic tests were the same for all three variations of KOH. The similarity was shown in terms of orange color, the homogeneous liquid, and its distinctive odor. In addition, through the acidity test, it was found that the pH of soap ranged from 10 to 12. This study concluded that liquid soap formulations made using papaya fruit had the best quality at 10 % KOH levels.
Pengaruh Kadar Air Pada Proses Pemucatan Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Sari Mayang , Ritonga Yusuf , Saragih Sri Wahyuna 
Published: May 2019

Secara alami air memang sudah ada pada minyak. Pada tahap penetralan untuk pemurnian minyak kelapa sawit, air juga terbentuk akibat reaksi antara kaustik soda dengan asam lemak bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air pada pada proses pemucatan minyak kelapa sawit terhadap warna minyak dan terhadap asam lemak bebas. Penelitian dilakukan pada temperature operasi 70 °C dengan menggunakan pompa vakum (30-40 cmHg). Bahan pemucat yang digunakan tanah bentonite sebanyak 1,5% dari berat total keseluruhan minyak. Dilakukan dengan bantuan pengaduk dalam membantu penyerapan zat warna selama 30 menit oleh tanah bentonite. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kandungan air dalam minyak sangat berpengaruh terhadap warna minyak yang dihasilkan pada proses pemucatan. Bertambahnya kadar air, maka sangat berpengaruh terhadap warna minyak . Pengaruh kadar air juga terlihat terhadap asam lemak bebas (bilangan asam). Semakin tinggi kadar air minyak maka semakin besar harga bilangan asam minyak .

Water naturally exists in oil. In the neutralization stage for refining palm oil, water is also formed due to the reaction between caustic soda and free fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water content on the bleaching process of palm oil on the color of oil and on free fatty acids. This study was carried out at an operating temperature of 70°C using a vacuum pump (30 - 40 cmHg). The bleaching material used by bentonite soil was 1.5% of the total weight of the oil. It was carried out with the help of a stirrer to help the dye absorption for 30 minutes by bentonite soil. The results showed that the water content in the oil greatly affected the color of the oil produced in the bleaching process. The increase of the water content greatly affected the oil color. The effect of water content was also seen on free fatty acids (acid numbers). The higher the water content of the oil, the greater the number of oil acid.
Uji Fenolik Dan Toksisitas (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) Ektrak Methanol Daun Benalu Duku Hijau (Dendrohtoe pentandara (L.) Miq) Dan Merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser)
Authors: Hardiyanti Rini , Marpaung Lamek , Adnyana I Ketut , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: May 2019

Uji fenolik ekstrak dilakukan dengan menggunakan FeCl 3 untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa fenolik dari daun benalu duku hijau (Dendrophthoe pentandara (L.) Miq) dan daun benalu duku merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) serta efek toksisitas telah diamati dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Daun benalu duku diekstrak hingga diperoleh ekstrak methanol. Hasil pengujian ekstrak methanol menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak benalu duku hijau dan merah mempunyai potensi sitotoksik terhadap larva udang dengan nilai LC 50 masing-masing 13.95 ppm dan 22.37 ppm. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun benalu duku hijau (Dendrophthoe pentandara (L.) Miq) bersifat lebih toksik dibandingkan ekstrak daun benalu duku merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser).

Phenolic extract test was carried out using FeCl 3 to determine the content of phenolic compounds from parasite leaves of green duku (Dendrophthoe pentandara (L.) Miq) and red duku parasitic leaves (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) and the toxicity effects that have been observed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The parasitic leaves were extracted to obtain methanol extract. The test results of methanol extract showed that the extracts of green and red duku parasites had cytotoxic potential against shrimp larvae with LC 50 values ​​of 13.95 ppm and 22.37 ppm respectively. These results indicated that the parasite leaves extract in green duku was more toxic than the extract of the red leaves parasite.