bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of diabetes agents in cardiovascular disease: it takes an orchestra to play Tchaikovsky in symphony
Authors: Loh Wann Jia 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this review was to discuss the use and concerns of diabetes agents, clinical targets, and key aspects to be considered in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and at high risk or established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Recent findings
The recent European and American guidelines recommended SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists as the preferred first-line diabetes agents in patients with T2DM and CVD. This is a paradigm shift from using metformin as first-line therapy. Amid their widespread use, however, there are also concerns about their side effects. With the rapidly growing diabetes regimens available, questions arise about how best to approach the management of patients with T2DM and CVD.

Summary
To reduce CVD morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM and at high or very high risk for CVD, the two key diabetes agents SGLT2i and/or GLP1-based therapies should be offered. Although lacking cardiovascular benefit, other diabetes agents remain necessary for many patients with T2DM for their glucocentric effects; Metformin and pioglitazone are useful in severe insulin resistance, while insulin therapy is often necessary in advanced diabetes; GLP1-RA is cautioned in patients with active gastrointestinal and mental health conditions, while DPP4 inhibitor is likely a well tolerated option in a challenging psychosocial setting. Other important aspects that should be considered include obesity, chronic kidney disease, women's cardiovascular health, and psychosocial factors.
Transient residence of the repulsive client Shutdown in Yb bodies plays a critical role in Piwi-piRISC biogenesis and maintaining fertility
Authors: Hirakata Shigeki , Fujita Aoi , Siomi Mikiko C. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryNonmembranous organelles, such as Yb bodies inDrosophilaovarian somatic cells, form through liquid-liquid phase separation of scaffold proteins. Client proteins transiently accumulate in these organelles by binding to scaffolds. However, the regulation of this process is not well understood. Here, we investigate Shutdown, a client protein in Yb bodies, the site of Piwi-piRISC precursor (pre-Piwi-piRISC) formation. We found that Shutdown connects Armitage and Piwi in the cytosol to promote Piwi deposition to Yb bodies, before quickly returning to the cytosol. This return allows Armitage to transfer pre-Piwi-piRISC to the mitochondria for maturation. Shutdown’s self-repulsion via its acidic N-terminus enables its transient residence in Yb bodies. A point mutation in Armitage, similar to a human Armitage/MOV10L1 mutation associated with azoospermia, traps Shutdown in Yb bodies, blocking Piwi-piRISC generation. This study reveals the mechanism of Shutdown’s transient localization in Yb bodies and its essential role in Piwi-piRISC production and maintaining fertility.
Elucidating conformational alteration of human islet amyloid polypeptide by nonsynonymous substitution
Authors: Bashar Md Abul , Barua Largess , Paul Supti , Dash Nayan , Sadhu Toma , Mitra Sarmistha , Dash Raju 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIslet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a peptide hormone that serves multiple essential functions, including metabolism and regulating gastric emptying and satiation through amylin receptors. However, mutations in theIAPP, notably in the amyloidogenic segment (20-29 amino acid residues), cause its aggregation and amyloid formation, which leads to β-cell toxicity and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and protein misfolding disorders (PMDs). The current work aims to elucidate the non-synonymous variants in theIAPP, which may adversely affect its function and rise to T2DM and PMDs. We harnessedin siliconon-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) assessment and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to discover the potential deleterious mutants that cause T2DM and PMDs. Firstly, we executed nsSNPs prediction inIAPPusing the NCBI dbSNP server, and then, all the predicted nsSNPs were assessed by a total of 26in silicotools to find out which possessed the most deleterious effect in IAPP. Finally, MD simulation was carried out utilizing the most deleterious nsSNPs to check which significantly alters the conformational dynamics of IAPP. We found a total of 62 nsSNPs, among which the top 4 deleterious nsSNPs (T37P, L45P, G66R, and T69I) were selected based on the deleteriousness predictions by in silico tools and their location in the matureIAPPsequence (34-70 amino acid residues). MD simulations further confirm that three variants (T37P, L45P, and G66R) significantly alter the conformational dynamics of IAPP, suggesting a potential starting point for future research to elucidate the roles of these variants in IAPP aggregation and amyloid formation and their associations with T2DM and PMDs.
Combined analysis of somatic mutations and gene expression reveals nuclear speckles-associated enhanced stemness in gingivobuccal carcinoma under DNA damage response
Authors: Kumar Sachendra , De Tamasa , Subramani Janavi , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Pal Debnath 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSmokeless tobacco chewing habits in India lead to a high prevalence of Gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub-population of cancer cells within a tumor with stem-like properties and are believed to contribute to tumor initiation, progression, increased resistance to drug therapy, and promote post-therapeutic cancer relapse. An RNA-seq data-based integrative analysis of somatic mutation and gene expression was performed to explore the role of CSCs in disease progression using the novel Indian-origin OSCC-GB cell line ‘IIOC019’ from a patient with tobacco-chewing habit. The identified DNA damage-related known mutational signature (ID1, SBS5) indicates the impact of smokeless tobacco-related carcinogens in the IIOC019 cell line. The differentially expressed somatic variants, functional impact predictions, and survival analysis reveal the role of DNA damage response (DDR)-related genes in OSCC-GB, with the SON gene as a significant player. The study suggests that the loss of function in a somatic variant of the SON gene is associated with enhanced stemness and increased risk of disease progression in OSCC-GB under DDR conditions. The newly identified CSC-associated somatic variants appear to promote cancer spread, local recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, contributing to the high mortality rates among Indian OSCC-GB patients.
Design of highly potent anti-biofilm, antimicrobial peptides using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Pikalyova Karina , Akhmetshin Tagir , Orlov Alexey , Haney Evan F. , Akhoundsadegh Noushin , You Jiaying , Hancock Robert E. W. , Horvath Dragos , Marcou Gilles , Cherkasov Artem , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional small molecule antibiotics. They possess broad-spectrum efficacy and increasingly confront the challenges of bacterial resistance, especially the adaptive resistance of biofilms. However, advanced rational peptide design methods are still required to ensure optimal property profiles of such peptides, while limiting the cost of their synthesis and screening. Here we present a computational pipeline for the rational de novo design of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm peptides based on an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework. The developed framework combines a Wasserstein Autoencoder (WAE) and a non-linear dimensionality reduction method termed generative topographic mapping (GTM). The WAE was used to learn the latent representation of the peptide space, while the GTM guided the generation of novel AMPs through an illustrative depiction of the latent space in the form of 2D maps. The efficacy of the peptides generated with the developed pipeline was experimentally verified by synthesis and testing for activity against methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), achieving a 100% hit rate in targeting biofilms. Notably, the most potent anti-biofilm peptide developed in this study demonstrated almost one order of magnitude improvement in IC50value compared with the potent anti-biofilm peptide reference “1018”, used as a positive control. The developed pipeline is readily extendable for the optimization of additional peptide properties, including cytotoxicity, tendency to aggregate and proteolytic stability, underscoring its potential utility for rational design of the peptide-based therapeutics.
Demographic pathways linking sex-chromosome system to adult sex ratio variation across tetrapods
Authors: Pipoly Ivett , Bókony Veronika , Gaillard Jean-Michel , Lemaître Jean-François , Székely Tamás , Liker András 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSex chromosomes determine male and female phenotypes, and the resulting sex differences can have significant impacts on ecology and life history. One manifestation of this link is that ZZ/ZW sex-determination systems are associated with more male-skewed adult sex ratio (ASR, proportion of males in the adult population) than XY/XX systems across tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Here we investigate four demographic processes: male and female offspring production, sex differences in juvenile and adult mortalities and in timing of maturation that can contribute to ASR variation between XY/XX and ZZ/ZW systems, using phylogenetic analyses of a large dataset collected from tetrapod species in the wild. We show that sex differences in adult mortality reliably predict ASR, and it is also more male-biased in XY/XX species than in ZZ/ZW species. Sex differences in juvenile mortality or in maturation time also contribute to ASR skews, but do not differ consistently between XY/XX and ZZ/ZW systems. Phylogenetic path analyses confirm an influence of sex-determination system on ASR through sex-biased adult mortality. Thus, these results infer that sex chromosomes can impact, via demographic pathways, frequency-dependent selection emerging from the relative number of males and females. We call for follow-up studies to uncover the potentially complex web of associations between sex determination, population dynamics, and social behaviour.
Limited involvement of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II α and β in mammalian sleep
Authors: Yang Weiwen , Shi Jingyi , Li Chenggang , Yang Jingqun , Yu Jianjun , Huang Juan , Rao Yi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhile sleep is important, our understanding of its molecular mechanisms is limited. Over the last two decades, protein kinases have been implicated in sleep regulation, with a prominent role for Ca++/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) β. Of all the known mouse genetic mutants, the biggest changes in sleep was reported to be observed inCamk2bgene knockout mice: sleep was reduced by approximately 120 minutes (mins) over 24 hours (hrs). We have reexamined the sleep phenotype inCamk2aandCamk2bknockout mice, and while we have observed sleep reduction inCamk2aknockout mice, we did not find sleep reduction inCamk2bmutants.We did find bothCamk2aandCamk2bparticipated in homeostatic sleep rebound, though. Because CamKII α and β are widely known to be crucial kinases with interesting properties, it is worthwhile to keep our results in record for a general service to the field.
Detecting the flavor content of the vacuum using the Dirac operator spectrum
Authors: Liang Jian , Alexandru Andrei , Bi Yu-Jiang , Draper Terrence , Liu Keh-Fei , Yang Yi-Bo ,   <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>χ</mi><mi>QCD</mi></mrow></math> Collaboration
Published: November 2024

We compute the overlap Dirac spectrum on three gauge ensembles generated using 2+1-flavor domain wall fermions. The three ensembles have different lattice spacings, and two of them have quark masses tuned to the physical point. The spectral density is determined up to λ∼100  MeV with subpercentage statistical uncertainty. We find that the density is close to a constant below λ∼20  MeV as predicted by chiral perturbative theory (χPT) and then increases linearly due to the strange quark mass. By fitting to the next-to-leading order χPT form and using the nonperturbative renormalization using the regularization independent momentum subtraction scheme, the SU(2) (keeping the strange quark mass at the physical point) and SU(3) chiral condensates at MS¯ 2 GeV are determined to be Σ=(265.4(0.5)(4.2)  MeV)3 and Σ0=(234.3(0.5)(25.8)  MeV)3, respectively. The pion decay constants are also determined to be F=84.1(1.9)(8.0) and F0=58.6(0.5)(10.0)  MeV. The systematic errors are carefully estimated including the effects of fitting ranges and the uncertainty of low-energy constant L6. We also show that one can resolve the sea flavor content of the sea quarks and constrain their masses with ∼10%–20% statistical uncertainties using the Dirac spectral density.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Evaluation of impact of lean management practices on dairy business performance
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Sohail , Lodhi Rab Nawaz , Malik Zobia 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This research was initiated by motivation from a real business problem that delves into lean management practices in dairy farm operations. It investigates how lean management practices can be applied as an improvement strategy in the dairy business to evaluate its impact on performance, where profitability is a decisive factor.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the qualitative design, a 5-phase action research methodology was used in this study, where multiple data collection sources were used, including focus group discussions, on-site observation or Gemba walks and process mapping. The impact is evaluated by comparing the key performance measures with the same period before and after research.

Findings
The research revealed that lean management practices can significantly improve dairy business performance. It explained vital aspects of lean management practices and their sequence with examples of first-hand applications. It explained, how lean management practices were applied in dairy farm operations. Furthermore, the research resulted in significant benefits, in terms of quality, cost and profitability.

Practical implications
This research was conducted in a real business setting in the field environment, to improve dairy business performance. It was a distinctive application of lean management practices to solve a national problem. This could be used as a road map to bring continuous improvement at the national level to improve the performance of food value chains.

Originality/value
This research is unique because it addresses the methodological, population and empirical gaps in dairy farm operations. It adds value to the existing knowledge base by sharing best practices, developed and implemented for the first time to the best of our knowledge, like high-level process mapping and performance measures at different levels. Furthermore, the solutions can be simulated in related farm operations to bring breakthrough improvements in dairy business performance.
Quality of work life and turnover intention among auditors: evidence from Morocco
Authors: Berguig Oumaima , El Badlaoui Amine 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to model the relationship between quality of work life factors and turnover intention for auditors in Morocco.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed research model gleaned from the literature is empirically tested using a structured questionnaire completed by 60 auditors working for Moroccan audit firms.

Findings
Tests results of partial least squares structural equation modelling provide evidence that “compensation and benefits” and “colleague support” have a significant negative impact on turnover intention while the “work–life balance,” “organizational prestige” and “workload pressure” are not predictive of turnover intention. Taken together, these results show that auditors are already aware of the work pressure they are under, and that adequate compensation and benefits and support from colleagues can alleviate and compensate this pressure.

Originality/value
This study adopted a non-previously tested research model, including quality of work life factors directly related to the auditing profession and their impact on turnover intention, examined in Morocco, which may provide new evidence to contemporary research conducted in developing countries with similar characteristics to the Moroccan auditing market.
Application and practice of LILCEO sintering proportion optimization algorithm in sintering plant
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Ren Kai , Wang Yahui , He Wei , Zhang Hui , Li Zongping 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To ensure the stable operation of ironmaking process and the quality and output of sinter, the multi-objective optimization of sintering machine batching process was carried out.

Design/methodology/approach
The purpose of this study is to establish a multi-objective optimization model with iron taste content and batch cost as targets, constrained by field process requirements and sinter quality standards, and to propose an improved balance optimizer algorithm (LILCEO) based on a lens imaging anti-learning mechanism and a population redundancy error correction mechanism. In this method, the lens imaging inverse learning strategy is introduced to initialize the population, improve the population diversity in the early iteration period, avoid falling into local optimal in the late iteration period and improve the population redundancy error correction mechanism to accelerate the convergence rate in the early iteration period.

Findings
By selecting nine standard test functions of BT series for simulation experiments, and comparing with NSGA-?, MOEAD, EO, LMOCSO, NMPSO and other mainstream optimization algorithms, the experimental results verify the superior performance of the improved algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the cost of sintering ingredients while ensuring the iron taste of sinter, which is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization and quality assurance of sinter iron ore resources.

Originality/value
An optimization model with dual objectives of TFe content and raw material cost was developed taking into account the chemical composition and quality indicators required by the blast furnace as well as factors such as raw material inventory and cost constraints. This model was used to adjust and optimize the sintering raw material ratio. Addressing the limitations of existing optimization algorithms for sintering raw materials including low convergence accuracy slow speed limited initial solution production and difficulty in practical application we proposed the LILCEO algorithm. Comparative tests with NSGA-III MOEAD EO LMOCSO and NMPSO algorithms demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Practical applications showed that the proposed method effectively overcomes many limitations of the current manual raw material ratio model providing scientific and stable decision-making guidance for sintering production operations.
Addressing social and health needs in health care: Characterizing case managers' work to address patient‐defined goals
Authors: Brewster Amanda L. , Hernandez Elizabeth , Knox Margae , Rubio Karl , Sachdeva Ishika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo test quantitative process measures characterizing the work of social needs case managers as they assisted patients with diverse health‐related needs—spanning both medical and social domains.Study Setting and DesignThe study analyzed secondary data on 7076 patients working with 147 case managers from the CommunityConnect social needs case management program in Contra Costa County, California from 2018 to 2021. The service—designed to be holistic with a focus on social determinants as root causes of health issues—helped patients navigate social services, health care, and mental health care.Data Sources and Analytic SampleWe used cross‐sectional analyses to quantitatively characterize electronic health records (EHRs) derived measures of case management intensity (goal updates), duration (days goal was open), and outcomes for 19 different categories of health and social goals. Mixed‐effects regression models were used to examine how work process measures varied according to goal categories. Models nested goals within patients within case managers and adjusted for patient‐level covariates.Principal FindingsThe most common goals were dental care (53%), food (40%), and housing (39%). In adjusted analyses, housing goals had significantly more case manager updates than any other type of goal with a marginal mean of 14.0 updates (95% CI: 13.4–14.7), were worked on for significantly longer (marginal mean of 417 days, 95% CI: 360–474) than any goal except dental care, and were least likely to be resolved. Utilities, insurance, and medication coordination goals were most likely to be resolved.ConclusionsCase managers and patients repeatedly worked on goals over many months. Meeting housing needs and accessing dental care were issues that were not easily resolved and required extensive follow‐up. One‐time referral interventions may need follow‐up systems to meaningfully support social and health needs.
‘He made it his rule never to grant licenses to married women’: Gender, licensing and the law in nineteenth‐century New South Wales, Victoria and New Zealand
Authors: Bishop Catherine , Hoskin Nichole 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article considers hotel licensing and gender across New Zealand, New South Wales and Victoria in the long nineteenth century, creating timelines of legislative changes and exploring the impact of business regulation and its implementation on women. It exposes a disconnect between law and licensing court practices, indicative of the ways entrenched understandings of gendered behaviours and local conditions affected women in business. It demonstrates that women's rights as publicans went backwards in New Zealand and New South Wales, just as other rights were expanding. It explores Victorian exceptionalism, Victoria legalising female licensees when others did not.
Who uses abusive supervision to punish deviant employees? An integration of identity threat and self‐regulation perspectives
Authors: Sheng Zitong , Fiscus Justine , He Yimin , Xu Xiaohong , Yao Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubordinates' counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) have been demonstrated as a critical precursor to their supervisors' abusive supervision. However, prior research has mainly taken a victim precipitation paradigm and focused on exploring subordinate characteristics that may diminish or amplify this relationship. The important role of supervisor characteristics has been rather overlooked. Integrating self‐regulation and identity threat theories, the current study extends the prior literature by focusing on supervisor characteristics, specifically, supervisors' sleep quantity, sleep quality, and narcissism, as moderators of the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision. The study utilized a time‐lagged design with a sample of 292 employees and 50 supervisors at a Chinese hospital. Results showed that subordinates' CWB at Time 1 was positively related to their supervisors' abusive supervision at Time 2. Supervisors' sleep quality was found to mitigate the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision; however, the moderating effect of supervisors' sleep quantity was not significant. Moreover, supervisors' narcissism exacerbated the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision. This study contributes to the abusive supervision literature by shifting away from the victim precipitation paradigm and placing supervisors, those in positions of power, at the forefront. Findings from the study provide insights into the design and implementation of supervisor training aimed at mitigating abusive behaviors in the workplace.