bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) Derived Porous Carbon Based Materials as Electrocatalysts
Authors: Cheng Ningyan , Ren Long , Xu Xun , Du Yi , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDevelopment of effective, stable, and economic electrocatalysts is critical for further implementation of fuel cells, water electrolysis, and metal–air batteries in clean energy conversion technologies. As a subfamily of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) possess the characteristics of both MOFs and zeolites, showing highly porous structures, large surface area, and open catalytic active sites. This review presents materials design strategies for constructing improved electrocatalysts based on ZIF precursors/templates, with special emphasis on the varieties of derivatives, controllable building of active sites, the construction of macroscopic structure, and the favored electrocatalytic reactions based on these materials. These ZIF‐derived N‐doped carbon‐based composites or compounds have exhibited remarkable activity and stability for a broad electrocatalysis application, displaying great potential to replace noble‐metal‐based catalysts. The challenges and perspectives regarding ZIF‐derived electrocatalysts are also discussed for better development of ZIF‐derived electrocatalysts.
Temporal patterns of chimpanzee loud calls in the Issa Valley, Tanzania: Evidence of nocturnal acoustic behavior in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Piel Alex K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesMuch is known about chimpanzee diurnal call patterns, but far less about night‐time vocal behavior. I deployed a passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system to assess 24‐hr temporal acoustic activity of wild, unhabituated chimpanzees that live in a woodland mosaic habitat similar to hominin landscapes from the Plio‐Pleistocene. A primary aim was to apply findings to our broader understanding to chimpanzee 24‐hr activity patterns, and what implications this may have for reconstructing hominin adaptations to similarly hot, dry, and open landscapes. I also tested whether chimpanzees conform to the acoustic adaptation hypothesis, and produce loud calls during periods of optimal sound transmission.MethodsNine custom‐made solar‐powered acoustic transmission units (SPATUs) recorded continuously for 250 days over 11 months in the Issa Valley, western Tanzania. I complemented acoustic data with environmental data from weather stations as well as behavioral data collected on chimpanzee nest group sizes to assess the relationship between party size and calling.ResultsChimpanzees called at all hours of the day and night in both wet and dry seasons, and night and day calls exhibited parallel rates/month, although twilight calls were produced significantly more in the dry, compared to the wet season. Calls were more likely during warmer temperatures and lower humidity. Call rate was positively associated with (nest) party size and counter‐calls exhibited no temporal variation in their origins (similar vs. adjacent valleys).ConclusionsChimpanzees were acoustically active throughout the 24‐hr cycle, although at low rates compared to diurnal activity, revealing night‐time activity in an ape otherwise described as diurnal. Chimpanzee loud calls partially, and weakly, conformed to the acoustic adaptation hypothesis and likely responded to social, rather than environmental factors. Call rates accurately reflect grouping patterns and PAM is demonstrated to be an effective means of remotely assessing activity, especially at times and from places that are difficult to access for researchers.
Exploration of the Synthetic Potential of Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating and Difluoromethylthiolating Reagents
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Jin‐Dong , Zheng Hanliang , Xue Xiao‐Song , Mayr Herbert , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electrophilicity parameters (E) of some trifluoromethylthiolating and difluoromethylthiolating reagents were determined by following the kinetics of their reactions with a series of enamines and carbanions with known nucleophilicity parameters (N, sN), using the linear free‐energy relationship log k2=sN(N+E). The electrophilic reactivities of these reagents cover a range of 17 orders of magnitude, with Shen and Lu's reagent 1 a being the most reactive and Billard's reagent 1 h being the least reactive electrophile. While the observed electrophilic reactivities (E) of the amido‐derived trifluoromethylthiolating reagents correlate well with the calculated Gibbs energies for heterolytic cleavage of the X−SCF3 bonds (Tt+DA), the cumol‐derived reagents 1 f and 1 g are more reactive than expected from the thermodynamics of the O−S cleavage. The E parameters of the tri/difluoromethylthiolating reagents derived in this work provide an ordering principle for their use in synthesis.
Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 1‐[(1R,2S)‐2‐Fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione Hybrids
Authors: Gao Yang , Na Lu‐Xin , Xu Zhi , Zhang Shu , Wang A‐Peng , Lü Kai , Guo Hui‐Yuan , Liu Ming‐Liang 
Published: July 2018

A new class of 1‐[(1R,2S)‐2‐fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin (CPFX)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione hybrids 6a – 6o was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against a panel of clinically important drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens. Our results revealed that all hybrids 6a – 6o had great potency against the tested strains, especially Gram‐negative pathogens. The synthesized hybrids were more potent than the parent 1‐[(1R,2S)‐2‐fluorocyclopropyl]CPFX (1) and comparable to CPFX and levofloxacin against the majority of the tested pathogens, worth to be further investigated.
An in Vitro–Selected DNAzyme Mutant Highly Specific for Na+ under Slightly Acidic Conditions
Authors: Ma Lingzi , Liu Juewen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSodium is one of the most common metal ions in biology; however, DNA‐based sodium probes have only been reported recently. A Na+‐specific RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme named NaA43 is active with Na+ alone. In this work, we were using Co(NH3)63+ as the intended metal cofactor for in vitro selection, but obtained a mutant of the NaA43 DNAzyme. The mutant was named NaH1, and differs from NaA43 by only two nucleotides. NaA43 has an optimal pH of 7.0, whereas the optimal pH for NaH1 is 6.0. This difference might be due to our selection having been performed at pH 6.0. NaH1 also displays an excellent selectivity for sodium relative to other competing monovalent ions, as well as a fast catalytic rate of (0.11±0.01) min−1 with 50 mm Na+. At low Na+ concentrations, the selected DNAzyme exhibited a higher cleavage rate than NaA43 and thus a tighter apparent Kd of (12.0±1.6) mm Na+. Furthermore, the NaH1 DNAzyme was engineered into a fluorescent Na+ biosensor by attaching a fluorophore/quencher pair to the DNAzyme with a detection limit of 223 μm Na+. Preliminary work on detection of Na+ in serum was demonstrated as well. This study provides a useful mutant that works in a slightly acidic environment, which might be useful for sensing Na+ in acidic in vivo environments.
Gastrointestinal tract metastasis of mandibular diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Yucesoy Turker , Kilic Erdem , Ocak Hakan , Alkan Alper , Deniz Kemal 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageNot only diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is a malignancy, but also is initially and orally diagnosed in early stages. However, it could be misdiagnosed with other oral pathologies. However yet, early diagnosis is still crucial for the prognosis, morbidity, and mortality in such cases. Additionally, whole‐body scanning with positron emission tomography/computed tomography should be performed for diagnosis and treatment process.
Highly Selective SSZ‐13 Zeolite Hollow Fiber Membranes by Ultraviolet Activation at Near‐Ambient Temperature
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Kwon Yeon Hye , Koh Dong‐Yeun , Min Byunghyun , Liu Yujun , Nair Sankar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZeolitic membranes synthesized using organic structure‐directing agents (SDAs) require an activation step to remove the SDA and open their porosity. Activation is typically achieved by high‐temperature (>673 K) calcination. This process has multiple disadvantages, including coke formation due to incomplete removal of the SDA as well as the formation of cracks and other defects due to differential thermal expansion of the membrane layer and the underlying support material. Here we report that high‐performance hollow fiber membranes of the small‐pore (0.38 nm) zeolite SSZ‐13 can be produced via UV irradiation to decompose and remove the SDA. Remarkably, UV irradiation allowed complete removal of the bulky SDA (trimethyladamantylammonium hydroxide) from the pores at near‐ambient conditions, whereas membranes activated by calcination exhibited severe cracking. The UV‐activated SSZ‐13 membranes showed excellent H2/C3H8 and CO2/CH4 mixture selectivities (up to 810 and 110 whereas the conventionally activated membranes showed poor selectivity (<5). The combined demonstration of hollow fiber membrane synthesis and low‐temperature membrane activation of small‐pore zeolite membranes is a significant step in the effort to create reliable, scalable, and low‐cost fabrication processes for zeolite membranes for gas separations.
Macroalgal feedbacks and substrate properties maintain a coral reef regime shift
Authors: Johns Kerryn A. , Emslie Michael J. , Hoey Andrew S. , Osborne Kate , Jonker Michelle J. , Cheal Alistair J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCoral reefs are among the world's most diverse and productive ecosystems, yet they are also one of the most threatened. The combined effects of local human activities and climate change have led to corals being replaced by macroalgae in various tropical settings, lessening the ecological, social, and economic value of these reefs. Once established, macroalgal regimes are maintained by a range of physical, chemical, and biological feedback mechanisms that suppress the settlement, survival, growth, and hence recovery of coral populations. Our understanding of these feedbacks has come largely from small‐scale experimental studies, but their relative importance in sustaining a regime shift has rarely been examined in situ. We investigated the role of macroalgae in limiting coral recovery on an inshore reef on Australia's Great Barrier Reef that shifted to macroalgal dominance in 2001. Coral recruitment on terracotta tiles in habitats with low cover of macroalgae at the regime‐shifted reef and at comparable habitats at an adjacent coral‐dominated reef was similar, suggesting that neither larval supply nor reef‐wide “avoidance” by coral larvae was contributing to the lack of coral recovery at the regime‐shifted reef. However, within the regime‐shifted reef, recruitment of corals on tiles, and their survival in the first two months post‐settlement, was substantially lower in habitats characterized by dense beds of the brown macroalga Lobophora than in habitats just meters away that were relatively free of macroalgae. Despite the negative effects of Lobophora on recruitment and early recruit survival, there was no effect of Lobophora on the persistence of juvenile corals (1–50 mm diameter). Juvenile coral persistence in beds of Lobophora (50%) was comparable to that in neighboring habitats free of Lobophora (60%) over nine months. Rather, the persistence of juvenile corals was lowest (10%) in unconsolidated rubble habitat, where photographs of fixed quadrats showed that, over nine months, rubble substrate had been redistributed. Our results highlight two bottlenecks to coral recovery; inhibition of coral recruitment and recruit survival by macroalgae, and reduced juvenile coral persistence in patches of loose rubble substrate. Importantly, these processes appear to be habitat‐specific and are unlikely to constrain coral recovery at a reef‐wide scale.
Using metabolic and thermal ecology to predict temperature dependent ecosystem activity: a test with prairie ants
Authors: Prather Rebecca M. , Roeder Karl A. , Sanders Nathan J. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs ecosystems warm, ectotherm consumer activity should also change. Here we use principles from metabolic and thermal ecology to explore how seasonal and diel temperature change shapes a prairie ant community's foraging rate and its demand for two fundamental resources: salt and sugar. From April through October 2016 we ran transects of vials filled with solutions of 0.5% NaCl and 1% sucrose. We first confirm a basic prediction rarely tested: the discovery rate of both food resources accelerated with soil temperature, but this increase was typically capped at midday due to extreme surface temperatures. We then tested the novel prediction that sodium demand accelerates with temperature, premised on a key thermal difference between sugar and sodium: sugar is stored in cells, while salt is pumped out of cells proportional to metabolic rate, and hence temperature. We found strong support for the resulting prediction that recruitment to NaCl baits accelerates with temperature more steeply than recruitment to 1% sucrose baits. A follow up experiment in 2017 verified that temperature‐dependent recruitment to sucrose concentrations of 20% (mimicking rich extrafloral nectaries), while noisy, was still only half as temperature dependent as recruitment recorded for 0.5% NaCl. These results demonstrate how ecosystem warming accelerates then curtails the work done by a community of ectotherms, and how the demand and use of fundamental nutrients can be differentially temperature dependent.
Functional groups differ in trait means, but not in trait plasticity to species richness in local grassland communities
Authors: Roscher Christiane , Schumacher Jens , Lipowsky Annett , Gubsch Marlén , Weigelt Alexandra , Schmid Bernhard , Buchmann Nina , Schulze Ernst‐Detlef 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite growing interest in incorporating intraspecific variation of functional traits in community‐level studies, it remains unclear whether species classified into functional groups based on interspecific trait differences are similar regarding their variation in trait expression in response to varying plant diversity and composition in local communities. In a large biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment) designed on a trait‐based a priori definition of functional groups (grasses, legumes, small herbs, tall herbs), we studied means, extent of variation (coefficient of variation across communities) and plasticity to increased plant diversity (slopes over a logarithmic species richness ranging from 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 to 60 species) for nine functional traits. Species means and extent of variation in traits related to nitrogen (N) acquisition and N use differed among functional groups and were more similar in phylogenetically closely related species than expected by chance. Species in the same functional group showed a weak phylogenetic signal and varied widely in means and extent of variation in traits related to shoot architecture and to a smaller extent in leaf traits related to carbon acquisition. This indicated that functional groups were less distinguishable in light than in nitrogen acquisition strategies. The direction and degree of trait plasticity to increasing species richness did not show a phylogenetic signal and were not different among functional groups, but varied largely among species within functional groups. Correlation structures in trait means, extent of trait variation and trait plasticity revealed functional tradeoffs in the acquisition of nitrogen and light across species. While correlations between trait means and extent of trait variation varied from trait to trait (positive, negative or unrelated), trait means and trait plasticity were mostly unrelated. Our results suggest that the concept of functional groups is viable, but context‐specific trait measurements are required to improve our understanding about the functional significance of intraspecific trait variation and interspecific trait differences in local plant communities.
Wada asymmetry in patients with drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: Implications for postoperative neuropsychological outcomes
Authors: Sever Ryan W. , Vivas Andrew C. , Vale Fernando L. , Schoenberg Mike R. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThis study reports neuropsychological outcomes based on preoperative Wada testing in patients with drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE).MethodsPatient records were retrospectively reviewed as part of a larger database. Patients with a diagnosis of TLE based on seizure semiology and long‐term surface video–electroencephalography (EEG) were identified. These patients underwent preoperative and postoperative testing including advanced imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), Wada testing, and neuropsychological assessment. Decrements in neuropsychological function were noted in comparison of pre‐ and postoperative studies. Patients had regular follow‐up in the multidisciplinary epilepsy clinic to assess seizure outcomes. All participants had Engel class I/II outcome following selective amygdalohippocampectomy (AH) via the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) approach.ResultsForty‐eight patients with electrographic and clinical semiology consistent with unilateral mTLE were identified. Left mTLE was identified in 28 patients (58.3%), whereas 20 patients (41.7%) had right mTLE. Language‐dominant hemisphere resections were performed on 23 patients (47.9%) (all left‐sided surgery), whereas 25 (52.1%) had language nondominant resection (all right‐sided and five left‐sided surgery). Twenty‐two participants (45.8%) showed no Wada memory asymmetry (No‐WMA), whereas 26 (54.2%) exhibited Wada memory asymmetry (WMA). Postoperatively, analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that the No‐WMA group exhibited a decline in verbal memory, but average scores on measures of nonverbal reasoning, general intelligence, and mood improved. Alternatively, patients with WMA did not show declines in memory postoperatively, and also exhibited improved nonverbal reasoning and general intelligence. Neither group exhibited reliable decline in verbal fluency or visual confrontation naming.SignificanceWada procedures for predicting surgical outcome from elective temporal surgery have been criticized and remain an area of active debate. However, decades of data across multiple epilepsy centers have demonstrated the value of Wada for reducing unanticipated neuropsychological adverse effects of surgical treatment. These data show that no Wada memory asymmetry increases the risk for neuropsychological decline following ITG approach for selective AH for drug‐resistant mTLE.
Changes in patterns of neural activity underlie a time‐dependent transformation of memory in rats and humans
Authors: Sekeres Melanie J. , Winocur Gordon , Moscovitch Morris , Anderson John A. E. , Pishdadian Sara , Martin Wojtowicz J. , St‐Laurent Marie , McAndrews Mary Pat , Grady Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe dynamic process of memory consolidation involves a reorganization of brain regions that support a memory trace over time, but exactly how the network reorganizes as the memory changes remains unclear. We present novel converging evidence from studies of animals (rats) and humans for the time‐dependent reorganization and transformation of different types of memory as measured both by behavior and brain activation. We find that context‐specific memories in rats, and naturalistic episodic memories in humans, lose precision over time and activity in the hippocampus decreases. If, however, the retrieved memories retain contextual or perceptual detail, the hippocampus is engaged similarly at recent and remote timepoints. As the interval between the timepoint increases, the medial prefrontal cortex is engaged increasingly during memory retrieval, regardless of the context or the amount of retrieved detail. Moreover, these hippocampal‐frontal shifts are accompanied by corresponding changes in a network of cortical structures mediating perceptually‐detailed as well as less precise, schematic memories. These findings provide cross‐species evidence for the crucial interplay between hippocampus and neocortex that reflects changes in memory representation over time and underlies systems consolidation.
A comparison between radial basis function (RBF) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to model the free convection in an open round cavity
Authors: Akbari E. , Karami A. , Ashjaee M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrates the capability of radial basis function (RBF) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to model and predict the free convection heat transfer in an open round cavity. In fact, the effects of the Rayleigh number (Ra) and ratio of the nonconductor barrier distance from the bottom of the cavity to the cavity diameter (H/D), on the free convection in the cavity, are modeled via the RBF and ANFIS models. To start modeling, sufficient data are gathered. Here, data are experimentally generated using a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. In the next step, the RBF and ANFIS models are trained. According to the results, there is an optimum ratio (H/D), in which the heat transfer is maximum. This maximum value increases by increasing the Rayleigh number (Ra). Moreover, based on the results obtained by the RBF and ANFIS, the predicted results for the convection heat transfer are in good agreement with similar ones obtained experimentally. The mean relative errors of the training, testing, and checking data for the RBF model were found as 0.1348%, 1.1972%, and 2.4967%, respectively. Moreover, for the ANFIS model, the error values were 0.0731%, 0.9110%, and 1.9144%, which shows that RBF and ANFIS can predict the results precisely.
Identification and characterization of stress degradation products of sumatriptan succinate by using LC/Q‐TOF‐ESI‐MS/MS and NMR: Toxicity evaluation of degradation products
Authors: Udutha Suresh , Shankar Gajji , Borkar Roshan M. , Kumar Katragunta , Srinivasulu G. , Guntuku Lalitha , Naidu V. G. M. , Srinivas Ragampeta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSumatriptan succinate, a selective 5‐HT1B receptor agonist, was subjected to forced degradation studies as per to International Conference on Harmonization‐specified conditions. The drug exclusively showed its degradation under basic, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions, whereas it was found to be stable under acidic, thermal, and neutral conditions. Eight (DP‐1 to DP‐8) degradation products were identified and characterized by UPLC‐ESI/MS/MS experiments combined with accurate mass measurements. The effective chromatographic separation was achieved on Hibar Purospher STAR, C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and methanol at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/minute in gradient elution method. It is noteworthy that 2 major degradation products DP‐3 and DP‐7 were isolated using preparative HPLC and characterized by advanced NMR experiments. The degradation pathway of the sumatriptan was established, which was duly justified by mechanistic explanation. In vitro cytotoxicity of isolated DPs was tested on normal human cells such as HEK 293 (embryonic kidney cells) and RWPE‐1 (normal prostate epithelial cells). This study revealed that they were nontoxic up to 100 μm concentration. Further, in silico toxicity of the drug and its degradation products was determined using ProTox‐II prediction tool. This study revealed that DP‐4 and DP‐8 are predicted for immune toxicity. Amine oxidase A and prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 are predicted as toxicity targets for DP‐3, DP‐4, and DP‐6 whereas DP‐1 and DP‐2 are predicted for amine oxidase A target.