bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Bed Shear Stresses in Vegetated Channels
Authors: Etminan Vahid , Ghisalberti Marco , Lowe Ryan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShear stresses on vegetated beds play an important role in driving a wide range of processes at the sediment‐water interface, including sediment transport. Existing methods for the estimation of bed shear stress are not applicable to vegetated beds due to the significant alteration of the near‐bed velocity profile and turbulence intensities by the vegetation. In addition, bed shear stress distributions are highly spatially variable in the presence of vegetation. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to investigate the spatial variability of bed shear stresses in the presence of emergent vegetation (modeled as arrays of circular cylinders) and the variation of bed stress with characteristics of both the bulk flow and the array. A recently proposed model that assumes a linear variation of stress in the viscous layer immediately above the bed is shown to be a reliable tool for estimating the spatially averaged bed shear stress over a wide range of flow conditions and vegetation densities. However, application of this model is found to be restrictive due to the lack of a reliable predictive tool for the thickness of the viscous layer. Based on a balance between turbulent kinetic energy production in the vegetation stem wakes and the viscous dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy at the bed, an enhanced formulation is proposed to predict the thickness of the viscous layer, which significantly improves the accuracy of model predictions. This improved model enhances the predictive capability for important benthic processes (such as sediment transport) in vegetated aquatic systems.
Quantifying Geophysical Inversion Uncertainty Using Airborne Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Data—Applied at the Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands
Authors: King Jude , Oude Essink Gualbert , Karaolis Marios , Siemon Bernhard , Bierkens Marc. F. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn accurate understanding of the fresh‐saline distribution of groundwater is necessary for effective groundwater management. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys offer a rapid and cost‐effective method with which to map this, offering valuable additional information about the subsurface. To convert AEM data into electric conductivity and ultimately groundwater salinity, an inversion is undertaken. A number of algorithms are available for this purpose; however, these are affected by significant uncertainty, owing to inherent nonunique characteristics of this process. The most commonly used inversion codes in hydrogeophysical studies were quantitatively tested using frequency domain AEM and ground data from the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. These include UBC1DFM code and quasi‐2D laterally constrained inversions. Following an investigation of inversion parameter settings, data were inverted for four inversion methods and interpolated into 3‐D volumes. Using geological data and empirical electrical conductivity and water salinity relationships, each inversion was converted into groundwater electrical conductivity and split into fresh‐brackish‐saline regions. For groundwater volume estimates out of a total volume of 2.8 billion m3, a fresh groundwater estimate could differ by as much as 178 million m3, depending on the inversion used. The primary factor here was the choice of model smoothness, which was shown to affect the thickness of the brackish interval. Fresh‐brackish‐saline interfaces were consistently mapped with an accuracy of ~3 m, the brackish being the most accurately resolved. The few layer method was less successful at resolving smoothly varying salinity distributions but more successful at mapping the brackish interface at greater depth.
A Flexible Temporal Velocity Model for Fast Contaminant Transport Simulations in Porous Media
Authors: Delgoshaie Amir H. , Glynn Peter W. , Jenny Patrick , Tchelepi Hamdi A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn subsurface aquifers, dispersion of contaminants is highly affected by the heterogeneity of the hydraulic conductivity field. As an alternative to Monte Carlo simulations on probable conductivity fields, stochastic velocity processes have been introduced to assess the uncertainty in the transport of contaminants. In continuum‐scale simulations, discrete velocity models (such as correlated continuous time random walk) focus on modeling plume dispersion in the longitudinal direction. There are alternative continuous velocity processes (such as the polar Markovian velocity process [PMVP]) that are able to accurately model transport in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Importantly, the PMVP model correctly predicts the limited spreading of the ensemble contaminant plume in the transverse direction. However, the stochastic differential equations used in the PMVP model have specific drift and diffusion functions that are designed for the exponential correlation structure. In this paper, a new discrete velocity process is described that is applicable to modeling transport in two‐dimensional conductivity fields for both Gaussian and exponential correlation structures. This method is simple, in a sense that it does not require modeling the functional form of the drift and diffusion functions. The new method is validated against Monte Carlo simulations for both correlation structures with high variances of log conductivity.
Surgical therapy of chronic pancreatitis: clinical results and health-related quality of life
Authors: Benzing Christian , Hau Hans-Michael , Atanasov Georgi , Krenzien Felix , Eisenhauer Tim , Broschewitz Johannes , Bartels Michael , Schmelzle Moritz , Wiltberger Georg 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Introduction There are several well-established surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The present study seeks to evaluate the perioperative and long-term outcome of these procedures.
Methods All patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR), and distal pancreatectomy (DP) for CP were retrospectively analyzed with regards to the perioperative outcome and long-term survival. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire.
Results There were 145 patients available for analysis. Major complications (grade IIIb–V) occurred in 19 %, in-hospital mortality was 4.2 %, and 90-day mortality was 3 % with no differences between the different resection groups (all p > 0.05). Ten-year survival was 58 % and was highest in the DP group (100 %) but without statistical significance (p = 0.72). The response rate of the HRQoL assessment was 45 % (65 of 145). There was a significant improvement with regards to pain and HRQoL of all resection groups compared to the preoperative group (all p < 0.05). With respect to HRQoL and pain relief, the PD, DPPHR, and DP did not differ significantly.
Discussion Surgical therapy of CP can be performed safely. The 3 different types of resection performed equally with regards to complications and HRQoL.
A Mystery of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Serum Osmolality in Preterm Infants
Authors: Cakir Ufuk , Tayman Cuneyt 
Published: October 2018

Objective Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an important clinical problem associated with mortality and serious morbidities. It is thought that serum osmolality may affect ductal patency. We aimed to investigate the importance of serum osmolality related to ductal patency in preterm infants.
Study Design Our study was conducted between January 2013 and December 2017. Premature infants with birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <32 weeks were included in the study. Serum osmolality was compared between infants with hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) and non-hsPDA.
Results During the study period, 799 patients were evaluated. Mean serum osmolality levels were higher in the “hsPDA” group (297 ± 10.9 vs. 292 ± 8.3 mOsm/L) (p = 0.001). The area under the curve for osmolality was 0.582 (p = 0.0006, 95% confidence interval: 0.541–0.622) at the time of diagnosis for predicting hsPDA, with a cutoff value for osmolality of 300 mOsm/L.
Conclusion Serum osmolality may be recognized as an important contributing factor for ductal patency especially among extremely preterm infants who are most likely to have hsPDA in the early days of life.
Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Elite Athletes: A Suggested Approach to Individualized Anticoagulation
Authors: Nazha Bassel , Pandya Bhavi , Spyropoulos Alex , Kessler Craig 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity with potentially detrimental career consequences in elite athletes. Their unique predisposing factors entail a higher-than-expected VTE incidence. Anticoagulation treatment is challenging, especially among those athletes wishing to resume their competitive activities. The authors review the current VTE treatment guidelines from the perspective of treating elite athletes. They then provide an expert opinion individualized treatment approach based on the pharmacokinetic properties of direct oral anticoagulants that permits tailoring the drug's timing to the athlete's competitive endeavors. They also present low-molecular-weight heparin as an alternative. The proposed risk management approach allows mitigation against VTE recurrence, reducing the chance of major bleeding, and honoring the athlete's self-determination to resume their career while accepting the risks involved. A shared decision making with the athlete and his/her team along with the presence of adequate resources are key components. Ultimately, the authors hope this work will serve as a stepping stone to validated VTE treatment regimens that consider the particularities of elite athletes.
Long noncoding RNA GM12371 acts as a transcriptional regulator of synapse function
Authors: Raveendra Bindu L. , Swarnkar Supriya , Avchalumov Yosef , Liu Xin-An , Grinman Eddie , Badal Kerriann , Reich Adrian , Pascal Bruce D. , Puthanveettil Sathyanarayanan V. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Neuronal functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are poorly understood. Here we describe identification and function of lncRNA GM12371 in regulating synaptic transmission, synapse density, and dendritic arborization in primary hippocampal neurons. GM12371 expression is regulated by cAMP signaling and is critical for the activity regulated synaptic transmission. Importantly, GM12371 is associated with transcriptionally active chromatin and regulates expression of several genes involved in neuronal growth and development. Taken together, these results suggest that GM12371 acts as a transcriptional regulator of synapse function.
Salt and marine products in the Classic Maya economy from use-wear study of stone tools
Authors: McKillop Heather , Aoyama Kazuo 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceThe Classic Maya (AD 300–900) technology of producing salt by boiling brine in pots over fires in wooden buildings at the Paynes Creek Salt Works, Belize, is consistent with this common and productive method elsewhere in the world in antiquity, historic, and modern times. We report the surprising results of a use-wear study of the edges of chert stone tools that indicates most were used for cutting fish or meat or scraping hides. Like the ancient Roman, Asian, and other civilizations, the Classic Maya evidently produced salt and salted fish—storable commodities for marketplace trade.
Yin-and-yang bifurcation of opioidergic circuits for descending analgesia at the midbrain of the mouse
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyun , Gangadharan Gireesh , Byun Junweon , Choi Eui-Ju , Lee C. Justin , Shin Hee-Sup 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a major site in the descending analgesia circuits for the endogenous, opioidergic pain control. Recently, the locus coeruleus (LC) has been proposed to play a role in endogenous pain control. Nevertheless, how the LC is integrated in the descending analgesia circuits remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the opioid circuit is bifurcated into two distinct pathways, each with an opposing effect on opioid analgesia at the PAG level: suppressing through the PAG-LC pathway while enhancing through the PAG-rostral ventromedial medulla pathway. Thus, the yin-and-yang model is proposed for the opioidergic descending analgesia. Moreover, our findings suggest an insight for a therapeutic target to control pain.
‘Obtained by peculiar favour, & much difficulty of the Singer’: Vincenzo Albrici and the Function of Charles II's Italian Ensemble at the English Restoration Court
Authors: Lebedinski Ester 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the function of Vincenzo Albrici and Charles II's Italian ensemble at the English Restoration court. The article cites newly discovered archival evidence to suggest that Albrici arrived at the English court in 1664 to become the leader of an exclusive ensemble performing Italian chamber music. The employment of the Italian ensemble imitated Mazarin's patronage of Italian music at the French court, arguably to rehabilitate the recently restored Stuart dynasty in the eyes of Continental courts. The article suggests that the ensemble performed chamber music privately at court, and also occasionally appeared in the queen's Catholic chapel after 1666. The recruitment of Albrici and the Italian ensemble shows that the English court participated in Continental musical fashions after the Restoration, and illustrates the complex webs of cultural exchange in mid-seventeenth-century Europe.
An Uncrossable Rubicon: Liszt’s Sardanapalo Revisited
Authors: Trippett David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn 1850, after five years of planning, Liszt began composing music for his Italian opera, Sardanapalo, after Byron. It was central to his ambition to attain status as a European composer, but he abandoned the project halfway through. La Mara (1911), Humphrey Searle (1954) and others declared the manuscript fragmentary and partially illegible, but in 2016 this verdict was categorically overturned when work began on an edition of what Liszt notated: almost the entirety of Act 1. This article draws on an array of sources – published and unpublished – significantly to update our knowledge of the circumstances surrounding Liszt’s composition and abandonment of Sardanapalo. In light of his inconsistently Italianate music and idiosyncratic treatment of the libretto, it also reinterprets Liszt’s mid-century aesthetic orientation, as a confidant of Wagner and would-be pillar of Franz Brendel’s future neudeutsche Schule. By contextualizing key aspects of the uncovered musical score and libretto within Liszt’s mid-century writings on aesthetics, it posits character, declamatory melody and the visuality of the stage as (initially) critical criteria in the communication of a literary narrative, and suggests that Liszt’s impulse towards symphonic poetry may first have been kindled within the aesthetic potential of opera.
Optimal Use Ratio of the Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF): An Animal Experiment Based on Micro-CT Dynamic Detection After Large-Volume Fat Grafting
Authors: Li Fang-Wei , Wang Hai-Bin , Fang Jin-Ping , Zeng Li , Chen Chun-Lin , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The addition of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can enhance the postoperative survival rate of fat. However, a universal SVF application method is currently unavailable. Therefore, a simple and convenient guideline for SVF addition is needed for its clinical application.

Objectives
The authors sought to evaluate whether SVF can improve fat survival after large-volume fat grafting and to find a simple and convenient standard for the clinical use of SVF.

Methods
Patient fat samples were obtained after liposuction for SVF preparation and grafting. Four types of grafts were prepared with different SVF ratios: 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 SVF:fat. After intensive mixing, fat grafts (5 mL) were randomly injected into both sides of the backs of athymic rats (n = 15). At 24 hours and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after the operation, microcomputed tomography scanning was performed to calculate the fat survival rate.

Results
Nine months after the operation, the survival rates of fat in the 4 groups were 8.89 ± 1.62% (0:1), 18.26 ± 3.85% (1:1), 8.83 ± 1.46% (2:1), and 7.96 ± 1.31% (4:1). The 1:1 group exhibited the greatest survival rate (P &lt; 0.01), and the adipose tissue histological patterns and blood vessel quality were enhanced compared with those in the other groups.

Conclusions
An appropriate SVF ratio can increase the fat survival rate after large-volume fat grafting, but no linear relationship exists between the SVF ratio and fat survival. The optimal SVF:fat ratio for grafting is 1:1.
High-Expanding Regions in Primate Cortical Brain Evolution Support Supramodal Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Sneve Markus H , Grydeland Håkon , Rosa Marcello G P , Paus Tomáš , Chaplin Tristan , Walhovd Kristine , Fjell Anders M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Primate cortical evolution has been characterized by massive and disproportionate expansion of a set of specific regions in the neocortex. The associated increase in neocortical neurons comes with a high metabolic cost, thus the functions served by these regions must have conferred significant evolutionary advantage. In the present series of analyses, we show that evolutionary high-expanding cortex – as estimated from patterns of surface growth from several primate species – shares functional connections with different brain networks in a context-dependent manner. Specifically, we demonstrate that high-expanding cortex is characterized by high internetwork functional connectivity; is recruited flexibly over many different cognitive tasks; and changes its functional coupling pattern between rest and a multimodal task-state. The capacity of high-expanding cortex to connect flexibly with various specialized brain networks depending on particular cognitive requirements suggests that its selective growth and sustainment in evolution may have been linked to an involvement in supramodal cognition. In accordance with an evolutionary-developmental view, we find that this observed ability of high-expanding regions – to flexibly modulate functional connections as a function of cognitive state – emerges gradually through childhood, with a prolonged developmental trajectory plateauing in young adulthood.
Demand drives growth all the way: Goodwin, Kaldor, Pasinetti and the Steady State
Authors: Taylor Lance , Foley Duncan K , Rezai Armon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA demand-driven alternative to the conventional Solow–Swan growth model is analysed. Its medium run is built around Marx–Goodwin cycles of demand and distribution. Long-run income and wealth distributions follow rules of accumulation stated by Pasinetti in combination with a technical progress function for labour productivity growth incorporating a Kaldor effect and induced innovation. An explicit steady state solution is presented along with analysis of dynamics. When wage income of capitalist households is introduced, the Samuelson–Modigliani steady state ‘dual’ to Pasinetti’s cannot be stable. Numerical simulation loosely based on US data suggests that the long-run growth rate is around 2% per year and that the capitalist share of wealth may rise from about 40 to 70% due to positive medium-term feedback of higher wealth inequality into its own growth.
Diversifying ICA: Identity, Difference, and the Politics of Transformation
Authors: Gardner Paula M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe outgoing President of the International Communication Association (ICA) reflects on the ongoing lack of ethnic and gender diversity reflected in our organization, at our conferences, and in our publications. Referencing past communication scholarship, specifically the constitutive approach, and postcolonial feminist approaches, the essay challenges communication scholars to seek out, read, and cite diverse research, and tackle our shared #Communicationsowhite problem. In so doing, we will expand our research networks, ensuring a rich ICA future whereby our membership, research networks, and publications reflect the diverse communication research that exists globally.
Integrative Approach to Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Wilkens Jeff , Modir Shahla J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Integrative medicine has the potential to augment traditional medical treatment of alcohol use disorders (as defined by the DSM-5), while also providing a basis for primary and secondary prevention of alcohol-use disorders (AUD). The chapter provides the reader with a review of the effects of alcohol on the human brain and body—including how chronic heavy alcohol use produces disproportionate changes throughout the brain that may result in the development of AUD, the influence of genetics on an individual’s sensitivity or insensitivity to alcohol, how traditional medicine balances medications that reduce craving for alcohol with psychosocial therapies, and how exercise, healthy diet, meditation, yoga, mindfulness, acupuncture, and neurofeedback may augment traditional medical treatment and contribute to primary and secondary prevention of AUD.
Integrative Approach to Stimulant-Use Disorder
Authors: Mitton Andrew , Mooney Larissa J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
SUD remains a significant public health problem with limited evidence-based treatment options available for many individuals. This chapter provides a review of integrative treatment approaches for stimulant use disorder, including current literature on evidence-based behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and complementary and alternative treatments (CAM) for both cocaine and amphetamine use. Current epidemiology, physical and mental health effects, and public health impacts, of these disorders is also discussed. The chapter provides an overview of current mainstream treatments for these disorders and challenges that have been faced in developing effective treatment modalities. With the relative paucity of available traditional treatments, the chapter seeks to explore the evidence for the use of such CAM treatments as acupuncture, exercise, yoga, transmagnetic cranial stimulation (TMS), meditation, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
Integrative Approach to Nicotine Use Disorder
Authors: Martarano David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Smoking (tobacco use) is a the costliest and deadliest of the substance-use disorders. Smoking cessation is an industry unto itself. Alternative approaches to smoking cessation pre-date pharmacologic approaches (buproprion, varenicline, nicotine replacement) including: hypnosis, CBT, yoga, supplements, and acupuncture have been clinically validated. Other approaches, including energy healing and diet, have not demonstrated efficacy. This chapter focuses on genetics, pharmacology, physiology, and the aforementioned approaches and the relevant research of this long-standing epidemic.