bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophic extracellular matrix proteins promote neuronal and iPSC astrocyte progenitor cell‐ and nano‐scale process extension for neural repair applications
Authors: O'Connor Cian , Mullally Rena E. , McComish Sarah F. , O'Sullivan Julia , Woods Ian , Schoen Ingmar , Garre Massimiliano , Caldwell Maeve A. , Dervan Adrian , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe extracellular matrix plays a critical role in modulating cell behaviour in the developing and adult central nervous system influencing neural cell morphology, function and growth. Neurons and astrocytes, play vital roles in neural signalling and support respectively and respond to cues from the surrounding matrix environment. However, a better understanding of the impact of specific individual extracellular matrix proteins on both neurons and astrocytes is critical for advancing the development of matrix‐based scaffolds for neural repair applications. This study aimed to provide an in‐depth analysis of how different commonly used extracellular matrix proteins— laminin‐1, Fn, collagen IV, and collagen I—affect the morphology and growth of trophic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocyte progenitors and mouse motor neuron‐like cells. Following a 7‐day culture period, morphological assessments revealed that laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV, but not collagen I, promoted increased process extension and a stellate morphology in astrocytes, with collagen‐IV yielding the greatest increases. Subsequent analysis of neurons grown on the different extracellular matrix proteins revealed a similar pattern with laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV supporting robust neurite outgrowth. fibronectin promoted the greatest increase in neurite extension, while collagen‐I did not enhance neurite growth compared to poly‐L‐lysine controls. Super‐resolution microscopy highlighted extracellular matrix‐specific nanoscale changes in cytoskeletal organization, with distinct patterns of actin filament distribution where the three basement membrane‐associated proteins (laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV) promoted the extension of fine cellular processes. Overall, this study demonstrates the potent effect of laminin‐1, fibronectin and collagen‐IV to promote both iPSC‐derived astrocyte progenitor and neuronal growth, yielding detailed insights into the effect of extracellular matrix proteins on neural cell morphology at both the whole cell and nanoscale levels. The ability of laminin‐1, collagen‐IV and fibronectin to elicit strong growth‐promoting effects highlight their suitability as optimal extracellular matrix proteins to incorporate into neurotrophic biomaterial scaffolds for the delivery of cell cargoes for neural repair.
The osteohistology of Orthosuchus stormbergi using synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography
Authors: Weiss Bailey M. , Dollman Kathleen N. , Choiniere Jonah N. , Browning Claire , Botha Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrthosuchus stormbergi was a small‐bodied crocodyliform, representative of a diverse assemblage of Early Jurassic, early branching crocodylomorph taxa from the upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. The life history of these early branching taxa remains poorly understood, with only sparse investigations into their osteohistology, yet species like Orthosuchus have potential to inform about the macroevolution of growth strategies on the stem leading to crown crocodilians. In order to elucidate the growth patterns of Orthosuchus, we used propagation phase contrast X‐ray synchrotron micro‐computed tomography to virtually image the osteohistology of the postcrania of two specimens, including multiple elements from the type (SAM‐PK‐K409), and the femur of a referred specimen (BP/1/4242). In total, we scanned nine mid‐diaphyseal sections of the humerus, radius, ulna, radiale, femur, tibia, fibula, and a rib. We then compared our results to osteohistological sections of crocodylomorph taxa from the published literature. Our results show that the most predominant bone tissue type in Orthosuchus is lamellar, with a few patches of woven and parallel‐fibred bone. The type specimen contains four to five lines of arrested growth and the hindlimb elements present outer circumferential lamellae, whereas the referred specimen contains six to seven. Both specimens grew at similar rates, reaching adult skeletal body size at year four or five. The sectioned bones, most notably the radius and ulna, are comparatively thick walled and compact. Our virtual osteohistological sections are one of the first for an early branching crocodyliform, and the broad sample of skeletal elements makes Orthosuchus a key anchor point for understanding the plesiomorphic life history traits of the clade.
Effectiveness of Implant Therapy in Patients With and Without a History of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Annunziata Marco , Cecoro Gennaro , Guida Agostino , Isola Gaetano , Pesce Paolo , Sorrentino Roberto , del Fabbro Massimo , Guida Luigi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis systematic review investigates the effectiveness of implant therapy in patients with and without a history of periodontitis in terms of implant loss, peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), and occurrence of peri‐implant diseases.MethodsThe protocol of the present meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021264980). An electronic search was conducted up to April 2024. All prospective cohort studies reporting implant loss, MBL, and occurrence of peri‐implant diseases in both patients with a history of periodontitis (HP) and patients with no history of periodontitis (NHP) after at least 36‐month follow‐up were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the quality of the evidence was also assessed. A meta‐analysis was performed on the selected outcomes at the available follow‐up time points. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on follow‐up time, rate of progression and severity of periodontitis, and implant surface characteristics. Publication bias was evaluated using the Funnel plot and Egger's test.ResultsFrom 13 761 initial records, 14 studies (17 articles) were finally included. Eight studies had a low risk of bias level, and six had a medium risk of bias level. Meta‐analysis showed that HP patients had a significantly greater risk for implant loss (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.28–2.40; p = 0.0005; I2 = 0%), MBL (MD: 0.41 mm; 95% CI 0.19, 0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 54%), and peri‐implantitis (3.24; 95% CI: 1.58–6.64; p = 0.001; I2 = 57%) compared to NHP, whereas no significant intergroup difference for peri‐implant mucositis was found. Subgroup analyses revealed a particularly greater risk for implant loss for HP patients over a ≥ 10‐year follow‐up (HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.06–3.85; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) and for patients with a history of grade C (formerly aggressive) periodontitis (HR: 6.16; 95% CI: 2.53–15.01; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). A greater risk for implant loss for stages III–IV (severe) periodontitis, and implants with rough surfaces was also found.ConclusionsWithin the limits of heterogeneous case definitions and methods of assessment, a history of periodontitis has been proved to significantly increase the risk for implant loss, particularly at long follow‐up (≥ 10 years) and in case of rapidly progressive forms (grade C), and for MBL and peri‐implantitis.
Potassium extrusion by plant cells: evolution from an emergency valve to a driver of long‐distance transport
Authors: Hmidi Dorsaf , Muraya Florence , Fizames Cécile , Véry Anne‐Aliénor , Roelfsema M. Rob G. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K+). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K+ in combination with anions. The combined release of K+ and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long‐distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion‐based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.
Long‐term cooperative relationships among vampire bats are not strongly predicted by their initial interactions
Authors: Carter Gerald G. , Ripperger Simon P. , Girbino Vi , Dixon M. May , Razik Imran , Page Rachel A. , Hobson Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn many group‐living animals, survival and reproductive success depend on the formation of long‐term social bonds, yet it remains largely unclear why particular pairs of groupmates form social bonds and not others. Can social bond formation be reliably predicted from each individual's immediately observable traits and behaviors at first encounter? Or is social bond formation hard to predict due to the impacts of shifting social preferences on social network dynamics? To begin to address these questions, we asked how well long‐term cooperative relationships among vampire bats were predicted by how they interacted during their first encounter as introduced strangers. In Study 1, we found that the first 6 h of observed interactions among unfamiliar bats co‐housed in small cages did not clearly predict the formation of allogrooming or food‐sharing relationships over the next 10 months. In Study 2, we found that biologger‐tracked first contacts during the first 4–24 h together in a flight cage did not strongly predict allogrooming rates over the next 4 months. These results corroborate past evidence that social bonding in vampire bats is not reducible to the individual traits or behaviors observed at first encounter. Put simply, first impressions are overshadowed by future social interactions.
Utilization of Hepatitis C Virus‐Infected Donor Hearts in Two Children and Two Young Adults: Initial Experience at a Pediatric Transplant Center
Authors: Kushner Lauren E. , Puckett Lauren , Lee Joanne , Gans Hayley A. , Nadimpalli Sruti , Chen Sharon , Ma Michael , Chen Sharon F. , Profita Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough adult transplant centers are successfully transplanting organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected donors with detectable viral load by nucleic acid testing (NAT+) into HCV‐negative recipients, this practice has not yet been adopted widely by the pediatric heart transplant community.MethodsWe present a case series of four patients who received heart transplants from HCV NAT+ donors at a pediatric transplant center, including two pediatric patients < 18 years of age.ResultsAll recipients tolerated a 12‐week course of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and achieved a sustained virologic response with no HCV or liver complications with over 1 year of follow‐up (range 1.4–2.5 years). All four have had good post‐heart transplant outcomes with normal graft function and good functional status without rejection or cardiac allograft vasculopathy at time of last follow‐up.ConclusionsThis case series details the successful multidisciplinary implementation of a protocol to accept cardiac allografts from HCV NAT+ donors for transplantation into HCV negative recipients at our pediatric transplant center. With the limited donor pool in pediatrics and the morbidity associated with prolonged durations on the transplant waitlist, pediatric centers should consider utilizing organs from HCV NAT+ donors to broaden the donor pool. Future work should evaluate other organs beyond heart and optimal timing and duration of direct acting antiviral therapy.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:19 Allele in a Candidate Bone Marrow Donor by Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Kouniaki Diamanto , Tarassi Katerina , Tsirogianni Alexandra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:19 allele differs from HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution in intron 3.
Evaluating the Enhanced Bathtub Model for Coastal Flood Risk Assessment in Table Bay, South Africa
Authors: Lück‐Vogel Melanie , van Coller Frederick Joshua , Williams Lauren Lyn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCoastal zones are susceptible to increasing pressures from urban development and natural hazards, such as storm events, climate change, and rising sea levels. The GIS‐based enhanced bathtub model (eBTM) enables the identification of areas at risk of flooding as a baseline for disaster management and coastal adaptation. This study aims to establish the methodological robustness of the eBTM for coastal flood modeling, by analyzing eight sites flooded during a recent storm event in Table Bay, Cape Town by comparing eBTM outputs with observed flood extent data collected after the storm. The validation showed that for 74% of the 332 validation points the spatial modeling error was < 6 m and for 56% below 3 m. The root mean square error for the model was 4.88 m, indicating an acceptable level of accuracy of the eBTM outputs for coastal risk assessments where more sophisticated models are unavailable.
Lymphoid Aggregates in Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Sarcomas: Immunohistochemical and Gene Expression Evidence for Tertiary Lymphoid Structures
Authors: Rugh Kristin Marie , Ashton Laura Vary , Schaffer Paula Andrea , Olver Christine Swardson 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCanine cutaneous/subcutaneous soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) are diversely derived mesenchymal neoplasms with a risk of recurrence and/or metastasis depending on the extent of surgical excision and histologic grade. Lymphoid aggregates (LAs) are often described in these tumours but not characterised. In humans, LA characterised as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) improve the prognosis of many tumours, including sarcomas. We sought to determine if LA meeting a size criterion (> 700 cells) in canine sarcomas met the criteria of TLS and the overall prevalence of LA of any size. RNA expression in large LAs versus aggregate‐adjacent sarcoma tissue (AAS) was measured in laser capture microdissected tissue and compared to curl‐derived RNA from aggregate‐free sarcomas and lymph nodes. CD3, CD20, MUM‐1 and PNAd expressions were measured using immunohistochemistry. CD20 and CD3 mRNA were more highly expressed in LA versus AAS (13.8 fold, p = 0.0003 and 2.3 fold, p = 0.043). This was supported by the IHC findings. The large LAs were also enriched in chemokine RNA expression characteristic of TLS (CXCR5 5.8 fold, p < 00001, CCL19 3.68 fold, p = 0.0209, CCL21 6.87 fold, p = 0.0209 and CXCL13 2.68 fold, p = 0.0924). Plasma cells and high endothelial venules were identified in LA containing tumours but not in control tissue. Large LAs were present in 12% of tumours, and LA of any size in 30%. We conclude that large LAs in canine STS are consistent with TLS.
Prophylactic Antimicrobials for Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia in Tumour‐Bearing Dogs Treated With Lomustine
Authors: Gumash Meredith , Martin Olya A. , Lindley Stephanie E. S. , Zhu Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCCNU (1‐[2‐chloroethyl]‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosurea), lomustine, is an oral alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subgroup. The dose‐limiting toxicity of CCNU is neutropenia most frequently documented 7 days after its administration. Use of prophylactic antimicrobials to prevent chemotherapy‐related febrile neutropenia (FN) and its associated morbidity and mortality has been well‐documented in human oncology, but this information is limited in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this multi‐institutional retrospective study was to assess whether antimicrobial prophylaxis reduced the risk of FN approximately 7 days after CCNU administration in tumour‐bearing dogs. A secondary goal was to identify risk factors for fever development in neutropenic dogs. Two hundred dogs were included in the study. One hundred and fifty‐three dogs (76.5%) were neutropenic at the first post‐CCNU recheck. One hundred and six (69.3%) dogs received prophylactic antimicrobials and 47 (30.7%) did not. Of the 106 dogs on prophylactic antimicrobials, 8 (7.5%) developed FN. Of the 47 dogs in the no‐prophylactic antimicrobials group, 4 (8.5%) developed FN. Use of prophylactic antimicrobials did not reduce the risk of development of FN (p = 0.84). Older age (> 9 y), lower weight and body surface area, and pre‐treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy were significantly associated with development of FN (p = 0.009, p = 0.023, p = 0.015 and p = 0.01). Patients with a lower absolute neutrophil count, and a higher VCOG‐CTCAE v2 neutropenia grade were also at an increased risk of developing FN (p = 0.01, p < 0.001). Additional studies may help establish guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs treated with CCNU, especially for those at high‐risk for FN.
A new role for excitation in the retinal direction‐selective circuit
Authors: Ankri Lea , Riccitelli Serena , Rivlin‐Etzion Michal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA key feature of the receptive field of neurons in the visual system is their centre–surround antagonism, whereby the centre and the surround exhibit responses of opposite polarity. This organization is thought to enhance visual acuity, but whether and how such antagonism plays a role in more complex processing remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of centre and surround receptive fields in retinal direction selectivity by exposing posterior‐preferring On–Off direction‐selective ganglion cells (pDSGCs) to adaptive light and recording their response to globally moving objects. We reveal that light adaptation leads to surround expansion in pDSGCs. The pDSGCs maintain their original directional tuning in the centre receptive field, but present the oppositely tuned response in their surround. Notably, although inhibition is the main substrate for retinal direction selectivity, we found that following light adaptation, both the centre‐ and surround‐mediated responses originate from directionally tuned excitatory inputs. Multi‐electrode array recordings show similar oppositely tuned responses in other DSGC subtypes. Together, these data attribute a new role for excitation in the direction‐selective circuit. This excitation carries an antagonistic centre–surround property, possibly designed to sharpen the detection of motion direction in the retina.
imageKey points
Receptive fields of direction‐selective retinal ganglion cells expand asymmetrically following light adaptation.
The increase in the surround receptive field generates a delayed spiking phase that is tuned to the null direction and is mediated by excitation.
Following light adaptation, excitation rules the computation in the centre receptive field and is tuned to the preferred direction.
GABAergic and glycinergic inputs modulate the null‐tuned delayed response differentially.
Null‐tuned delayed spiking phases can be detected in all types of direction‐selective retinal ganglion cells.
Light adaptation exposes a hidden directional excitation in the circuit, which is tuned to opposite directions in the centre and surround receptive fields.
Bi-Axial Field Structured Magnetoelastomer Coupons for Magnetostrictive CFRP Delamination Density Detection
Authors: Williams Brandon E. , Seifu Dereje , Myers Oliver J. , Hall Asha J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the low strain degradation characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), a wide variety of damage can be sustained by CFRP without any appreciable change to its physical structure. This damage suffered by the energy transfer from high-stress levels appears in microporosity, crazes, and delamination in the matrix material before any severe laminate damage is observed. The CFRP component’s capacity and overall life cycle highly depend on the composite’s delamination density progression. Magnetoelastomers are a type of smart material that can change their shape in response to a magnetic field. These materials are made of a magnetic filler, such as Terfenol-D sensors, embedded in an elastomeric matrix. Magnetostrictive carbon fiber reinforced polymer (MagCFRP) is a self-sensing structural health composite material that is magnetically activated by an external magnetic field. MagCFRP composite constituents are carbon fiber, resin matrix, and Terfenol-D sensors. The magnetically activated Terfenol-D sensors are embedded between the lamina of the composite. These magnetostrictive embedded sensors respond to their surrounding stress field, allowing them to be used as damage sensors. Using magnetoelastomer field structuring techniques, highly-ordered “fibrous” b-stage Terfenol-D sensor coupons can be produced for laminate stacking sequence deposition. Producing and subsequently embedding the magnetoelastomer coupons throughout a structural laminate would allow highly structured Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Terfenol-D sensors to be embedded with superior fidelity at damage-sensitive regions (i.e., high-stress-strain regions). These field-structured fibers are formed using a bi-axial magnetic field to orient the Terfenol-D sensor in a-stage elastomers. A fiber-structured Terfenol-D sensor b-stage coupon for MagCFRP can be produced using a high-purity bisphenol A two-part epoxy resin. Since this bisphenol A-Terfenol-D slurry does not cure at room temperature, the solution was first introduced to a magnetic field for structuring. Once the Terfenol-D sensors were structured, the magnetic field was removed, and the silicone mold was placed in an oven for b-stage curing. Using this magnetoelastomer field method and micro X-ray CT scanning, there was an observed reduction of localized Terfenol-D sensor cross-sectional area consolidation of 97% (more than one order of magnitude).