bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-conventional deep brain stimulation in a network model of movement disorders
Authors: Yousif Nada , Bain Peter G , Nandi Dipankar , Borisyuk Roman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders is a well-established clinical treatment. Over the last few decades, over 200,000 people have been treated by DBS worldwide for several neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease and Essential Tremor. DBS involves implanting electrodes into disorder-specific targets in the brain and applying an electric current. Although the hardware has developed in recent years, the clinically used stimulation pattern has remained as a regular frequency square pulse. Recent studies have suggested that phase-locking, coordinated reset or irregular patterns may be as or more effective at desynchronising the pathological neural activity. Such studies have shown efficacy using detailed neuron models or highly simplified networks and considered one frequency band. We previously described a population level model which generates oscillatory activity in both the beta band (20 Hz) and the tremor band (4 Hz). Here we use this model to look at the impact of applying regular, irregular and phase dependent bursts of stimulation, and show how this influences both tremor- and beta-band activity. We found that bursts are as or more effective at suppressing the pathological oscillations compared to continuous DBS. Importantly however, at higher amplitudes we found that the stimulus drove the network activity, as seen previously. Strikingly, this suppression was most apparent for the tremor band oscillations, with beta band pathological activity being more resistant to the burst stimulation compared to continuous, conventional DBS. Furthermore, our simulations showed that phase-locked bursts of stimulation did not convey much improvement on regular bursts of oscillation. Using a genetic algorithm optimisation approach to find the best stimulation parameters for regular, irregular and phase-locked bursts, we confirmed that tremor band oscillations could be more readily suppressed. Our results allow exploration of stimulation mechanisms at the network level to formulate testable predictions regarding parameter settings in DBS.
Development of a novel flexible bone drill integrating hydraulic pressure wave technology
Authors: de Kater Esther P , Kaptijn Tjalling G , Breedveld Paul , Sakes Aimée 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Orthopedic surgery relies on bone drills to create tunnels for fracture fixation, bone fusion, or tendon repair. Traditional rigid and straight bone drills often pose challenges in accessing the desired entry points without risking damage to the surrounding anatomical structures, especially in minimal invasive procedures. In this study, we explore the use of hydraulic pressure waves in a flexible bone design to facilitate bone drilling. The HydroFlex Drill includes a handle for generating a hydraulic pressure wave in the flexible, fluid-filled shaft to transmit an impulse to the hammer tip, enabling bone drilling. We evaluated seven different hammer tip shapes to determine their impact on drilling efficiency. Subsequently, the most promising tip was implemented in the HydroFlex Drill. The HydroFlex Drill Validation demonstrated the drill’s ability to successfully transfer the impulse generated in the handle to the hammer tip, with the shaft in different curves. This combined with the drill’s ability to create indentations in bone phantom material is a promising first step towards the development of a flexible or even steerable bone drill. With ongoing research to enhance the drilling efficiency, the HydroFlex Drill opens possibilities for a range of orthopedic surgical procedures where minimally invasive drilling is essential.
Local ergotropy and its fluctuations across a dissipative quantum phase transition
Authors: Di Bello G , Farina D , Jansen D , Perroni C A , Cataudella V , De Filippis G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate a two-qubit open Rabi model, focusing on local ergotropy-the maximum extractable work by acting solely on the two qubits-within a parameter regime where a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless dissipative phase transition occurs. First, we aim to define a protocol for charging, storing, and discharging the two-qubit subsystem, interpreted as the working principle of an open quantum battery. Second, we examine the impact of the phase transition on ergotropy and identify potential markers. To achieve these goals, we construct an ad-hoc charging unitary operator, leveraging our knowledge of the ground state near the transition to bring it into a decoherence-free state (DFS) during storage. Using state-of-the-art numerics based on matrix product state representation, we reveal that high couplings to an external bath approximately double the local ergotropy immediately post-charging. Over time we observe oscillatory behaviors in ergotropy and its fluctuations, which undergo significant changes near the transition, signaling its occurrence. Furthermore, we optimize local ergotropy over time using a physically inspired ansatz, enabling work extraction at a generic time (local ergotropy never reaches zero). Our work proposes a tunable, experimentally realizable protocol for work extraction, leveraging DFS and phase transitions. Additionally, it sheds light on the complex interaction between local ergotropy and quantum phase transitions.
Multi-modal deep learning architecture for enhanced feature extraction and classification of imagined speech words
Authors: Mohan Anand , Anand RS 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Imagined speech prediction is a challenging task with significant implications for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and assistive communication technologies. EEG signals are highly non-stationary and thus it is extremely difficult to find any relevant information from these electroencephalogram (EEG) signals just by seeing them in time domain. Imagined speech-based BCIs can be integrated into assistive technology devices that are specifically designed for individuals with severe physical disabilities and can also play a role in rehabilitation programs for individuals recovering from conditions that affect speech and mobility. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to predict imagined speech patterns from electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The integration of CNNs allows the model to capture spatial information from multi-channel EEG data, while RNNs excel at capturing temporal dependencies inherent in sequential EEG signals. The proposed model architecture starts with a 1-D CNN layer to extract spatial features from raw EEG data. The output is then fed into RNNs to capture temporal patterns and relationships over time. It achieved competitive accuracy, averaging approximately 85.25, 87.50, 81.58 and 93.92 percent for short words, long words, vowels and short-long words respectively.
The Inductive Blockwise Alperin Weight Condition for the Chevalley Groups 𝐹₄(𝑞)
Authors: An Jianbei , Hiss Gerhard , Lübeck Frank 
Published: December 2024

We verify the inductive blockwise Alperin weight condition in odd characteristic

ℓ
\ell

for the finite exceptional Chevalley groups

F
4

(
q
)

F_4(q)

for

q
q

not divisible by

ℓ
\ell

.
Drinfeld Modular Forms of Arbitrary Rank
Authors: Basson Dirk , Breuer Florian , Pink Richard 
Published: December 2024

This monograph provides a foundation for the theory of Drinfeld modular forms of arbitrary rank

r
r

and is subdivided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we develop the analytic theory. Most of the work goes into defining and studying the

u
u

-expansion of a weak Drinfeld modular form, whose coefficients are weak Drinfeld modular forms of rank

r
−
1

r-1

. Based on that we give a precise definition of when a weak Drinfeld modular form is holomorphic at infinity and thus a Drinfeld modular form in the proper sense.

In the second chapter, we compare the analytic theory with the algebraic one that was begun in a paper of the third author. For any arithmetic congruence subgroup and any integral weight we establish an isomorphism between the space of analytic modular forms with the space of algebraic modular forms defined in terms of the Satake compactification. From this we deduce the important result that this space is finite dimensional.

In the third chapter, we construct and study some examples of Drinfeld modular forms. In particular, we define Eisenstein series, as well as the action of Hecke operators upon them, coefficient forms and discriminant forms. In the special case

A
=

F

q

[
t
]

A=\mathbb {F}_q[t]

we show that all modular forms for

G
L

r

(
Γ
(
t
)
)

\mathrm {GL}_r(\Gamma (t))

are generated by certain weight one Eisenstein series, and all modular forms for

G
L

r

(
A
)

\mathrm {GL}_r(A)

and

S
L

r

(
A
)

\mathrm {SL}_r(A)

are generated by certain coefficient forms and discriminant forms. We also compute the dimensions of the spaces of such modular forms.
Hamiltonicity of Random Subgraphs of the Hypercube
Authors: Condon Padraig , Espuny Díaz Alberto , Girão António , Kühn Daniela , Osthus Deryk 
Published: December 2024

We study Hamiltonicity in random subgraphs of the hypercube

Q

n

\mathcal {Q}^n

. Our first main theorem is an optimal hitting time result. Consider the random process which includes the edges of

Q

n

\mathcal {Q}^n

according to a uniformly chosen random ordering. Then, with high probability, as soon as the graph produced by this process has minimum degree

2
k

2k

, it contains

k
k

edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles, for any fixed

k
∈

N

k\in \mathbb {N}

. Secondly, we obtain a perturbation result: if

H
⊆

Q

n

H\subseteq \mathcal {Q}^n

satisfies

δ
(
H
)
≥
α
n

\delta (H)\geq \alpha n

with

α
>
0

\alpha >0

fixed and we consider a random binomial subgraph

Q

p
n

\mathcal {Q}^n_p

of

Q

n

\mathcal {Q}^n

with

p
∈
(
0
,
1
]

p\in (0,1]

fixed, then with high probability

H
∪

Q

p
n

H\cup \mathcal {Q}^n_p

contains

k
k

edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles, for any fixed

k
∈

N

k\in \mathbb {N}

. In particular, both results resolve a long standing conjecture, posed e.g. by Bollobás, that the threshold probability for Hamiltonicity in the random binomial subgraph of the hypercube equals

1

/

2

1/2

. Our techniques also show that, with high probability, for all fixed

p
∈
(
0
,
1
]

p\in (0,1]

the graph

Q

p
n

\mathcal {Q}^n_p

contains an almost spanning cycle. Our methods involve branching processes, the Rödl nibble, and absorption.
The Power of Professional Service Firms
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In addition to uncertainty, a second key enabling market condition for supplier-induced demand is the power advantage wielded by professional service firms over their buyers. This advantage is primarily rooted in the firms’ superior expertise and access to information. At the core of professional service firms’ strategic differentiation lies their proficiency in cutting-edge professional expertise. This often manifests as specialized knowledge within a given domain (niche expertise) or the capacity to integrate insights from various related domains (recombinant expertise). Additionally, professionals fortify their power bases through their unique positions in market networks of economic and informational exchange, which help control deal flow and job referrals for buyers’ executives. These power advantages coalesce into a formidable influence, making clients more inclined to adhere to the advice and recommendations of professional service firms both consciously and unconsciously.
Writing Embodiment in Victorian Microscopy
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopists saw observation as deeply embodied, the images emerging through a material entanglement of bodies (of the observer, instrument, apparatus, and object) in a dynamic, unstable system. These ideas echo mid-century work by physiological psychologists, who saw mind (perception, thinking, feeling) as embodied, distributed, and dynamic processes, enacted and affected by automatic or unconscious reflex action, attention, mental training, and fatigue. Microscopists circulated metaphorical and narrative tropes of embodiment through the varied forms of nineteenth-century print culture, to regulate the entanglement of these diverse bodies, and to enculturate microscopy as a difficult but valuable pursuit. They adapted existing concepts (such as beauty, the sublime, natural theology, and fairylands), or invented new ones (such as many-sided comprehension), to promote favored forms of embodiment and build community. Victorians understood wonder and skepticism not as incommensurate approaches to microscopical observation but rather as complementary forms of embodiment. Romantic tropes of wonder (to be distinguished from the intellectual work of imagination) model and solicit particular affective flows. A skeptical, realist approach seeks to train the reader’s eye, hand, body, and judgment, and to formalize the optical, mechanical, and cognitive interchanges of microscopical practice. Some texts offer virtual storyspaces where readers may join the speaker in minute description of an image, in articulated practice, at a soirée, or in exploring an imagined microscopical world. These tropes shape every level of microscopical interest and proficiency, and they illuminate wider patterns of Victorian embodiment, affect, and scientific practice.
Microscopy and Its Audiences
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopy was fostered by a rich and varied print culture, from a lively periodical ecosystem beginning early in the century to surges in book publishing at mid-century. A survey of citations, book reviews, and library holdings suggests a developing canonicity of sources. Victorian microscopists displayed a nationalistic bent in their defense of British efforts, but the work was decidedly international in scope, with important advances from Continental and American investigators and manufacturers. The period is marked by the circulation of microscopical culture through these print forms, which solicit a mixture of research, instruction, community (encouraging both microscopical societies and informal gatherings) and recreation. Texts often address multiple genres and audiences, and so-called “popular” microscopical sources often overlap in important ways with elite references and communities.
Physiological Psychology and Victorian Microscopy
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Victorian investigators known as physiological psychologists, such as Spencer, Bain, Carpenter, and Lewes, argued that mind (perception, thought, feeling) arises and functions within embodied physical and social systems—that it is distributed, relational, fluid, dynamic. They examined the circulation of thoughts and feelings among individuals and between organism and environment. They emphasized that functions of mind, including unconscious functions and automatic, reflex actions, can be trained to form new habits, but that these functions are also a form of physical labor that cause and are degraded by bodily fatigue. Microscopical investigators considered how the material grounds of perception, thought, and feeling interacted with their own body and the bodies of instrument and object to shape their work. They saw operator, instrument, and object as connected in a nervous network shaped by deliberate action, unconscious or reflex function, and passive or active physical resistance.
Romances of Microscopy
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopists harnessed the affective charge of conventional fantasy worlds by presenting microscopical observation as travel into a foreign landscape or work within a virtual storyspace. Popularizers of microscopy were especially likely to employ these tropes, but they do appear in texts written for researchers also, most often in social settings or paratextual spaces. Writers turn to these more floridly romantic tropes of wonder, such as the fairyland, the Oriental tale, the Gothic phantasmagoria, and the study of unsuspected lifeforms that cavort in a drop of water or invisibly surround us. These texts augmented their sensationalism by emphasis on the hybridity and grotesquerie found in the minute world; but many such texts also solicited the observer’s identification with these anthropomorphized creatures. And while tropes like the phantasmagoria generally mystify visual technology, these writers also sought to demystify microscopical work through relentless instruction.
Articulating Practice
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopists used the skeptical narrative technique that I call articulated practice to model best practices for manipulating the apparatus. This appeared not only in texts reporting on research, where it provides the opportunity for (in Shapin and Schaffer’s terms) virtual witnessing, but also in instructive texts for students and lay readers. In these virtual storyspaces, writers represent their own bodies interacting with the microscope and object; they model a disinterested stance toward their work, narrate the details of their practice, and prescribe certain favored practices and sequences over others. Such passages sometimes anthropomorphize the resistance of microscopical objects, as participants in the narrative, even at times framing tiny “animalcules” as victims of vivisection. The many passages of articulated practice in Victorian microscopy may repel modern readers with their dense prose, but in their assumption that readers will follow these directions and will replicate these physical actions, they formalize microscopical practice and explicitly invite participation in a larger microscopical community.
Wonder and Skepticism
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopists framed wonder and skepticism as different but complementary aspects of the observer’s embodiment. Writers used diverse approaches to manage the productive tensions that arise when wonder (affective response) and skepticism (attention to error, method, and discipline) appear in the same text. Whether written for research settings or as a popularizing effort, some texts isolate elements of wonder or skepticism in paratextual elements; others juxtapose them, weighing them against one another to counterbalance disparate claims; still others combine them within a single thought. The particular form and emphasis of any of these negotiations of wonder and skepticism helps signal textual genre and establish microscopical community.
Exploring links—exposure to alcohol adverts on social media in relation to alcohol use among university students in Uganda
Authors: Atusingwize Edwinah , Nilsson Maria , Egan Sjölander Annika , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Musoke David , Landstedt Evelina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study assessed the association between exposure to alcohol adverts on social media and alcohol use among university students in Uganda since alcohol consumption has severe effects, especially in countries with weak regulations for alcohol marketing.

Methods
In total, 996 undergraduate students at Makerere University responded to a questionnaire assessing exposure to alcohol advertising on social media (independent variable) and alcohol use (dependent variable). Adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse data.

Results
One in ten students reported hazardous drinking, while three in ten students were low-risk drinkers. Most students (70.1%) reported low exposure to alcohol adverts on social media, followed by high exposure (12.1%), and 17.8% reported no exposure. A key finding was that exposure to alcohol adverts on social media was significantly associated with alcohol use, especially the high exposure and hazardous drinking (odds ratio = 12.62, 95% confidence interval: 4.43–35.96). Students reporting high exposure to alcohol adverts on social media also had higher odds of low-risk drinking (odds ratio = 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.88–7.27) than those with low exposure (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.87), in reference to no exposure.

Conclusion
Among Ugandan university students, exposure to alcohol adverts on social media is common and associated with alcohol use, in a dose–response manner. These findings suggest a need for a design and implementation of alcohol interventions for students using social media.
Negative binomial mixture model for identification of noise in antibody-antigen specificity predictions from single-cell data
Authors: Wasdin Perry T , Abu-Shmais Alexandra A , Irvin Michael W , Vukovich Matthew J , Georgiev Ivelin S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity by sequencing) provides a powerful tool for interrogating the antigen-specific B cell compartment and identifying antibodies against antigen targets of interest. Identification of noise in single-cell B cell receptor sequencing data, such as LIBRA-seq, is critical for improving antigen binding predictions for downstream applications including antibody discovery and machine learning technologies.

Results
In this study, we present a method for denoising LIBRA-seq data by clustering antigen counts into signal and noise components with a negative binomial mixture model. This approach leverages single-cell sequencing reads from a large, multi-donor dataset described in a recent LIBRA-seq study to develop a data-driven means for identification of technical noise. We apply this method to nine donors representing separate LIBRA-seq experiments and show that our approach provides improved predictions for in vitro antibody-antigen binding when compared to the standard scoring method, despite variance in data size and noise structure across samples. This development will improve the ability of LIBRA-seq to identify antigen-specific B cells and contribute to providing more reliable datasets for machine learning based approaches as the corpus of single-cell B cell sequencing data continues to grow.

Availability and implementation
All data and code are available at https://github.com/IGlab-VUMC/mixture_model_denoising.
Optimizing rare disorder trials: a phase 1a/1b randomized study of KL1333 in adults with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Pizzamiglio Chiara , Stefanetti Renae J , McFarland Robert , Thomas Naomi , Ransley George , Hugerth Matilda , Grönberg Alvar , Serrano Sonia Simon , Elmér Eskil , Hanna Michael G , Hansson Magnus J , Gorman Gráinne S , Pitceathly Robert D S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been increased interest in orphan drug development for rare diseases. However, hurdles to clinical trial design for these disorders remain. This phase 1a/1b study addressed several challenges, while evaluating the safety and tolerability of the novel oral molecule KL1333 in healthy volunteers and subjects with primary mitochondrial disease.
KL1333 aims to normalize the NAD+:NADH ratio that is critical for ATP production. The trial incorporated innovative design elements with potential translatability to other rare diseases including patient involvement, adaptive design and exploratory objectives, all of which have subsequently informed the protocol of an ongoing phase 2, pivotal efficacy study of KL1333.
Results indicate KL1333 is safe and well tolerated, with dose-dependent gastrointestinal side effects, and validate potential novel outcome measures in primary mitochondrial disease including the 30-s Sit to Stand, and the patient-reported fatigue scales. Importantly, the data from the trial support efficacy of KL1333 based on improvements in fatigue and functional strength and endurance. Furthermore, the study highlights the value in using phase 1 studies to capture data that helps optimize later phase efficacy trial design.