bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BREXIT, DIREITO CONTRATUAL EUROPEU E MERCOSUL: LIÇÕES PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO
Authors: Glitz Frederico E. Z. 
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo teve por objetivo a análise dos potenciais desdobramentos, no âmbito do Direito contratual, da retirada do Reino Unido do seio da União Europeia. Esta decisão, sob a qual ainda pesam inúmeras incertezas, trouxe questionamentos sobre o futuro da construção de um Direito Contratual europeu e sobre as consequências normativas do desmonte de todo arcabouço normativo já construído. A aproximação, ainda que prospectiva, deste movimento permitiu a comparação da construção europeia com as perceptivas mercosulinas, evidenciando a distância da construção normativas dos dois projetos de integração. A análise exploratória e comparativa do BREXIT com a realidade do MERCOSUL, acompanhadas de metodologia indutiva, ajudou a concluir os desafios que precisam ser enfrentados por aqueles que pretendem a criação de um Direito contratual comunitário.
PRECAUÇÃO COMO PROCESSO NA ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DO COMÉRCIO: ANÁLISE DA COMPATIBILIDADE DA LEGISLAÇÃO EUROPEIA SOBRE ORGANISMOS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADOS
Authors: Da Silva d’Ornellas Maria Cristina Gomes , Waldman Ricardo Libel 
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir uma concepção do Princípio da Precaução como um princípio processual de natureza política no âmbito do comércio internacional. Conclui que tal concepção realiza de forma efetiva os direitos humanos ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e, principalmente, os direitos ambientais procedimentais à informação e à participação. Defende-se que, no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio, esta é uma leitura do princípio compatível com os tratados relevantes e que legislação europeia sobre organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM’s) é exemplificativa de como normas internas podem se utilizar de tal concepção sem violar os referidos compromissos internacionais. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo com pesquisa na doutrina, legislação e case-law relevante.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inherited metabolic disease
Authors: Erdol Sahin , Saglam Halil 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
There are no studies on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in subjects with inherited metabolic disease (IMD) in the current literature. This study aimed to determine the type, frequency of and reasons for the use, and factors associated with the use of CAM therapies.

Methods
Subjects included in this study consisted of 335 children (95.7%) and 15 (4.3%) adults with a median age of 5.66±6.16 (0.08–48) years with inherited metabolic disease. A single physician conducted face-to-face interviews with the mother and/or father for pediatric subjects and with the subjects themselves for adults of a normal intelligence. Data were obtained from responses to the questions in the standard survey form.

Results
Our study included 350 patients in total, of whom 164 (46.9%) were female and 186 (53.1%) male. We found that 144 of the patients (41.1%) had used at least one CAM therapy method. The highest rate of use among the CAM therapy methods was of the mind-body approach therapies (n=98, 28%). This was followed by biologically-based (n=75, 21.4%) and manipulative and body-based (n=5, 1.4%) therapies, respectively. The most commonly used herbal product was herbal tea (n=21, 6%), and the most commonly used dietary supplementation was a royal jelly and pollen mixture (n=9, 2.6%). Significant differences in the subjects’ age, their follow-up duration, their mother’s and father’s ages, and CAM therapy use were identified from sociodemographic data.

Conclusions
In our study, the use of CAM therapies was determined at a high rate. This is important when dealing with clinical problems and for clinicians who follow-up with IMD subjects and suspect they may be using CAM therapy.
Analysis of the Composition of Milk in the first Three Lactations in Ayrshire Cattle Across Four Decades
Authors: McEwan Neil R. , Knight Roxanne B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Using historic lactation records for Ayrshire cattle, we report a gradual increase in the production of milk, butter fat and protein levels across four decades. This was generally at the extent of attaining a level of increase per decade which was similar to the increase seen between animals during their first and second lactations in the previous decade. However these increases were achieved without significantly affecting the percentage of butter fat or protein throughout the time examined, and also without changing the heifer: second lactation ratios
Evaluation of radiation absorption capacity of some soil samples
Authors: Sayyed Mohammed I. , Akman Ferdi , Turan Veysel , Araz Aslı 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the radiation absorption capacity of different soil samples in Turkey. For this purpose, we used a γ ray transmission geometry to measure the mass attenuation coefficients of eight soil samples collected between Bingöl city and Solhan district, Turkey at different γ-ray energies in the range of 13.94–88.04 keV. The radioactive sources utilized in the experiment were 241Am, 109Cd and 133Ba. FFAST and WinXCOM programs were used to evaluate the theoretical mass attenuation coefficients values of the selected soil samples. There is a good agreement between experimental and theoretical results. Additionally, the mass attenuation coefficients values used to evaluate different radiation shielding parameters such as effective atomic number, half value layer and mean free path. The variation of shielding parameters was examined for soil composition and photon energy. The obtained results revealed that S6 soil sample is the best soil in terms of shielding effectiveness among all the collected soils due to lower values for half value layer and mean free path. The effective removal cross-section (Σ
R
) of fast neutrons for the collected soils was also computed to examine neutrons shielding properties of the soil samples. It is found that the Σ
R
values for the soil samples are almost constant and lie within the range (0.04286–0.04949 cm−1).
Pronominal resumption in Spanish direct object relative clauses
Authors: Cerrón-Palomino Álvaro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis variationist study analyzes the linguistic and social factors constraining the alternation of resumptive pronouns (RPs) and gaps in direct object (DO) relative clauses (RCs) in the PeruvianLimeñovariety. Using a number of mixed-effects (logistic regression) models in Rbrul, results reveal that the set of linguistic constraints favoring pronominal DO resumption does not coincide with those reported to promote subject and oblique RP presence in previous studies. Furthermore, when compared to their subject and oblique counterparts, DO RPs are constrained by a higher number of factors of syntactic, semantic, processing and pragmatic nature. I suggest that this sensitivity to a broader set of constraints is crucial in explaining why DO RPs are more frequent in RCs than subject and oblique RPs. With respect to the social factors analyzed, this study shows a lack of effect of gender, age and education on the speaker’s choice for the resumptive variant.
The politeness ofvocêin European Portuguese
Authors: Lara Víctor , Guilherme Ana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe employment ofvocêin current European Portuguese is not clear. Although Brazilian Portuguese has specialised it as an informal pronoun in certain geographical areas within the country, the European variety presents its use in contexts which seem to be contradictory: informal address, formal address and pejorative address. Due to the lack of an in-depth study on the evolution of this form, we have collected data from three different corpora that reflect the real usage ofvocêthroughout the twentieth century, since it is from the nineteenth century thatvocêstarted specialising as an informal pronoun. The results show a decreasing use of this pronoun and a certain degree of polyvalence due to a gradual marginalisation experienced for over one hundred years. As a consequence, the strategy of null subject plus 3sg has emerged as the unmarked politeness strategy in current European Portuguese.
Syllable weight in monolingual and heritage Spanish
Authors: Shelton Michael , Grant Hannah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study presents two experiments employing a naming task that test the modulation of stress assignment by syllable structure in Spanish. The first replicates the findings of a previous study in which words containing arguably heavy penultimate diphthongs provoke higher error rates than putatively light monophthong controls when marked for antepenultimate stress. This result is interpreted as support for quantity sensitivity in the language. This experiment also replicates a subtler finding of differential patterning between rising and falling diphthong in their interaction with Spanish stress, suggesting gradient sensitivity to patterns in the lexicon. The second experiment presents the results of an identical task with Spanish-English heritage speakers in which the general effect of syllable weight is replicated, while the effect of diphthong type does not emerge. An analysis of error types suggests that varying levels of reading proficiency among heritage speakers may have led to the lack of the latter result, while still revealing sensitivity to frequencies in the lexicon. The combined results are offered as further evidence of quantity sensitivity among both monolingual and bilingual speakers of Spanish and provide further data in the understudied subfield of heritage phonotactics.
Politinė retorika socialinėje sąveikoje: I. Šimonytės „Facebooko“ paskyros analizė
Authors: Vaičekauskienė Giedrė 
Published: September 2018

[straipsnis, santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje analizuojama politinės retorikos reikšmė socialinėje sąveikoje su visuomene internete svarstant viešuosius reikalus. Naujoji politinės komunikacijos platforma ,,Facebook“ šiandien vertinama kaip žiniasklaidos priemonė, kurioje piliečiai gausiai informuojami apie politiką ir visuomenę. Transformacijų laikotarpiu politinis lyderis tampa svarbiausiu tiesioginiu pranešėju savo elektoratui. Jo kalba yra tarsi jo ,,prekė“, kurią jis pats pagamina ir parduoda ,,virtualiosios visuomenės rinkoje“. Politiko kalba yra jo tapatybė. Kadangi socialinių tinklų žiniasklaidoje nėra redakcijos, už transliuojamą asmeninę retoriką yra atsakingas pats politikas, pasakojantis ir kuriantis pasitikėjimą politika. Straipsnyje pristatomas kokybinis tyrimas. Analizuojama 2016–2020 m. kadencijos Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo narės, buvusios finansų ministrės Ingridos Šimonytės retorika, konstruojant savęs pristatymą socialinio tinklo ,,draugams“ asmeninėje ,,Facebooko“ paskyroje. Tiriamu laikotarpiu nustatyta, kad I. Šimonytės retorika, svarstant viešuosius reikalus, apima šias temas: a) valdančiosios daugumos personalijų kritika; b) kolegų Seimo narių kritika; c) mokesčių, valstybės iždo klausimai; d) Vilniaus miesto problemos. Seimo narės problemų įrėminimas pateikia gausų retorinių argumentų arsenalą – nuo autentiškų sentencijų iki šiurkščios nenorminės leksikos. I. Šimonytės kaip kalbėtojos verbalinis ethos yra ironiškas, privataus pobūdžio informacija, kuria dalijamasi, taip pat persmelkta autoironijos.
State Financing of Political Parties as a Chance for Healing the Party System: Polish Experience and Ukrainian Realities
Authors: Balashova Oksana , Sydoruk Tetiana 
Published: September 2018

[full article, abstract in English]
The process of state financing of the political parties in Poland and Ukraine has been analyzed in this article. The authors have studied and compared the theoretical foundations of the Polish and Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of state financing of the functioning of the political parties. By comparing the experience of state financing of political parties in Poland and Ukraine, the authors have distinguished a number of direct and indirect positive consequences in the party system of Poland. It has been determined that in Ukraine, in turn, considering the lack of legal and public sources for financing political parties, political and economic spheres are closely interdependent, which significantly impedes the qualitative consolidation of the party system in general. The authors have concluded that the positive effect of state financing of political parties is primarily reflected in an increase in the level of openness in how the political parties function, the transparency of the parties’ financial activities, the independence of the party system and the political transparency of civil society.
Risk management in radiation therapy with SEVRRA
Authors: Joana Geórgia Santos , Gonçalves Marcello Gomes , Salata Camila , Teixeira Flávia Cristina , Sandrini Emmilly , Bittencourt Guilherme , Salmon Helio , Fairbanks Leandro , Fortes Saulo Santos , Nogueira Maria do Socorro 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT Radiation therapy is a complex treatment modality involving several technological and professional resources as well as a large number of attributions of these professionals with a high degree of interdependence. Thus there are many possibilities of failure in the treatment process that may lead to an accidental exposure. So regulatory agencies have established guidelines in their regulations in order to prevent accidental exposures through security analysis planning and risk management. The System of EValuation of Risk in RAdiotherapy, also known as SEVRRA, is based on the risk matrix methodology and allows the risk assessment of radiation therapy facilities in a prescriptive way, highlighting events leading to high-risk levels and severe consequences for individuals. With SEVRRA it is also possible to establish an importance analysis of the barriers proposed to avoid or mitigate such events.This work aimed to demonstrate the application of SEVRRA for the risk management of radiation therapy facilities. The risk profile of the facility was determined by identifying the highest risk level events, and the barriers of greater impact for the overall risk level. After implementing some missing barriers in the original facility profile, it was achieved a reduction from 31% to 8% in the number of events leading to high-risk level, showing the effectiveness of SEVRRA for the risk management in radiation therapy facilities.
Use of CT for Head Trauma: 2007–2015
Authors: Burstein Brett , Upton Julia E.M. , Terra Heloisa Fuzaro , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
International efforts have been focused on identifying children at low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury in whom computed tomography (CT) neuroimaging can be avoided. We sought to determine if CT use for pediatric head trauma has decreased among US emergency departments (EDs).

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Medical Survey database of nationally representative ED visits from 2007 to 2015. We included children &lt;18 years of age evaluated in the ED for head injury. Survey weighting procedures were used to estimate the annual proportion of children who underwent CT neuroimaging and to perform multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:
There were an estimated 14.3 million pediatric head trauma visits during the 9-year study period. Overall, 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%–35%) of children underwent CT neuroimaging with no significant annual linear trend (P trend = .50). Multivariate analysis similarly revealed no difference by year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.97–1.07) after adjustment for patient- and ED-level covariates. CT use was associated with age ≥2 years (aOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13–2.01), white race (aOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10–1.86), highest triage acuity (aOR: 8.24 [95% CI: 4.00–16.95]; P &lt; .001), and presentation to a nonteaching (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05–2.06) or nonpediatric (aOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05–2.23) hospital.

CONCLUSIONS:
CT neuroimaging did not decrease from 2007 to 2015. Findings suggest an important need for quality improvement initiatives to decrease CT use among children with head injuries.
Effect of drying methods on physical and chemical properties of Ilex guayusa leaves
Authors: Manzano Santana Patricia , Quijano-Avilés María , Chóez-Guaranda Ivan , Barragán Lucas Ana , Viteri Espinoza Rafael , Martínez Daysi , Camacho Cinthia , Miranda Martinez Migdalia 
Published: September 2018

En este trabajo se discute la influencia del secado al aire (AD), el horno de convección (CO) y el secado solar (SOD) sobre las propiedades físicas y químicas de las hojas de Ilex guayusa. Seestimaron las cenizas totales (%), las cenizas insolubles en ácido (%), las cenizas solubles en agua (%), la humedad residual (%) y el contenido de cafeína (%). Además, se analizó la presencia los alcaloides, flavonoides, azúcares reductores, saponinas, esteroides, quinonas, grasas, fenoles y taninos en extractos de hojas secas. Los resultados revelaron que los parámetros del análisis físico no se vieron afectados por las técnicas de secado. La mayor cantidad de metabolitos secundarios se detectó en el extracto etanólico y acuoso. En general, las hojas secadas al horno de convección mostraron el mayor contenido de cafeína (3,71%) y el menor tiempo de secado (13 h) en comparación con los otros métodos de secado empleados. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un método rápido para secar hojas de Ilex guayusa sin alterar el contenido de componentes bioactivos beneficiosos para la salud, estudios que no han sido reportados.
Expenditures on Oncology Drugs and Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Vrdoljak Eduard , Bodoky Gyorgy , Jassem Jacek , Popescu Razvan , Pirker Robert , Čufer Tanja , Bešlija Semir , Eniu Alexandru , Todorović Vladimir , Kopečková Katerina , Kurteva Galia , Tomašević Zorica , Sallaku Agim , Smichkoska Snezhana , Bajić Žarko , Sikic Branimir 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
There is a steady decline in cancer mortality in Western Europe (WE), but this trend is not so obvious in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). One of the largest discrepancies between WE and CEE is the level of investment in cancer care. The objective of our analysis was to examine the correlation between mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratio and expenditures on oncology drugs in CEE and WE.

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional analysis was done on publicly available data. Data on expenditures for oncology drugs were obtained from QuintilesIMS, and data on M/I ratio from Globocan. The main outcome was mortality-to-incidence ratio, and the primary analysis was performed by Spearman's rank correlation.

Results
There is a large discrepancy in expenditure on oncology drugs per cancer case between WE and CEE, and within CEE. Average expenditure on oncology drugs per capita as well as per new cancer case was 2.5 times higher in WE than in CEE. Availability of oncology drugs was highest in Germany (100%), relatively similar in WE (average of 91%), but in CEE it ranged from 37% to 86%, with an average of 70%. Annual expenditures on all oncology drugs per new cancer case was significantly negatively correlated with the M/I ratio (Spearman's ρ = −0.90, p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
There is a financial threshold for oncology drugs per cancer case needed to increase survival. Based on significantly lower expenditures for oncology drugs in CEE in comparison with WE, more investment for drugs as well as better, more organized, value- oriented consumption is needed.

Implications for Practice
Cancer is not treated equally successfully in Western Europe (WE) and in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This study showed that success in treatment of cancer is associated with the amount of money invested in oncology drugs. CEE countries spend on average 2.5 times less than WE countries for oncology drugs per new cancer case. These findings should be used by health care providers and oncologists struggling for more resources and better, more organized, evidence-based allocation of these resources as well as better oncology outcomes.
EXTRUSION OF 01417 ALLOY INGOTS OBTAINED IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC CRYSTALLIZER AT THE CONFORM UNIT
Authors: Gorokhov Yu. V. , Timofeev V. N. , Belуaev S. V. , Uskov I. V. , Gubanov I. Yu. , Gudkov I. S. 
Published: September 2018

It is known that casting long ingots of small sections (∅8–12 mm) of 01417 alloy into an electromagnetic crystallizer makes it possible to obtain a dispersed structure with insignificant intradendritic segregation. Diffusion annealing of ingots (550 °C, 4–5 h holding time) eliminates intracrystalline segregation and reduces the level of internal stresses in metal thus providing the conditions for subsequent wire drawing. The paper demonstrates that high plastic deformation of ingots without diffusion annealing can be achieved by Conform continuous extrusion, which ensures high quality and geometrical accuracy of products. The analysis of various Conform units revealed an inherent weakness – the absence of connection between the system securing the fixed part of the detachable container (shoe) and the drive wheel shaft, which leads to an increased load in the operating mode. The purpose of the work was to upgrade the Conform unit by creating a connection between the shoe and the impeller shaft to obtain a high-quality billet for subsequent wire drawing of the ∅12 mm ingot cast into the electromagnetic crystallizer. An optimal temperature of ingot extrusion (300 °С) was found to eliminate the intense adhesion of wrought metal on the tool surface. The experimental ∅5 mm rod made of 01417 alloy obtained from the ∅12 mm ingot at the Conform unit features high processing ductility. This is indicated by an increase in its yield point and relative elongation. Metallographic studies demonstrated a fine-grained structure achieved in the extruded rod, which provides the conditions for subsequent wire drawing without annealing. The results of the study provide a basis for refining the process conditions of calibrated billet production on the Conform unit followed by wire drawing with required properties.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE STRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF AL85Y8NI5CO2 ALLOY AMORPHOUS STRIPS
Authors: Igrevskaya A. G. , Bazlov A. I. , Tabachkova N. Yu. , Louzguine D. V. , Zolotorevskiy V. S. 
Published: September 2018

Aluminum-based metallic glasses are the new promising family of materials. However, the effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of Al–Y–Ni–Co amorphous alloys has not been widely studied so far. In this paper, Al85Y8Ni5Co2 amorphous alloy strips were obtained by hardening on a rotary copper wheel. The effect of vacuum annealing at temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 °C for 30 minutes on the structure and hardness of these strips was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study changes in the structure of strips after heat treatment. Vickers microhardness was measured to investigate the effect of annealing on the mechanical properties of strips. The results obtained allowed for the conclusions made about changes in hardness depending on the Al85Y8Ni5Co2 alloy strip structure. It was found that as the temperature rises, strip microhardness increases reaching a maximum value of 575±7 HV after annealing at 350 °C, then it decreases with a further increase in the annealing temperature. It was shown that the Al85Y8Ni5Co2 alloy strips remain completely amorphous and no crystalline phases are detected in their structures after annealing at temperatures up to 250 °C for 30 minutes. A sharp increase in hardness after annealing at 350 °C is associated with 10–30 nm nanocrystals of an aluminum solid solution formed in the amorphous matrix and surrounded by a residual amorphous matrix, while further hardness decrease is associated with the increasing sizes of these crystals and Al3Y and Al19Ni5Y3 intermetallics formed in the structure.