bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rank Effects in Bargaining: Evidence from Government Formation
Authors: Fujiwara Thomas , Sanz Carlos 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Theories of multilateral bargaining and coalition formation applied to legislatures predict that parties’ seat shares determine their bargaining power. We present findings that are difficult to reconcile with this prediction, but consistent with a norm prescribing that “the most voted party should form the government”. We first present case studies from several countries and regression discontinuity design-based evidence from twenty-eight national European parliaments. We then focus on 2,898 Spanish municipal elections in which two parties tie in the number of seats. We find that the party with slightly more general election votes is substantially more likely to appoint the mayor. Since tied parties should (on average) have equal bargaining power, this identifies the effect of being labeled the most voted. This effect is comparable to that of obtaining an additional seat, and is also present when a right-wing party is the most voted and the second and third most voted parties are allied left-wing parties who can form a combined majority. A model where elections both aggregate information and discipline incumbents can rationalize our results and yields additional predictions we take to the data, such as voters punishing second most voted parties that appoint mayors.
Use of combined hormonal contraceptives among women with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without medical contraindications to oestrogen
Authors: Mendel Arielle , Bernatsky Sasha , Pineau Christian A , St-Pierre Yvan , Hanly John G , Urowitz Murray B , Clarke Ann E , Romero-Diaz Juanita , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang-Cheol , Wallace Daniel J , Merrill Joan T , Buyon Jill , Isenberg David A , Rahman Anisur , Ginzler Ellen M , Petri Michelle , Dooley Mary Anne , Fortin Paul , Gladman Dafna D , Steinsson Kristján , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Khamashta Munther A , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Alarcón Graciela , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Jönsen Andreas , Zoma Asad A , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Ramos-Casals Manuel , Ruiz-Irastorza Giuillermo , Lim Sam , Kalunian Kenneth C , Inanc Murat , Kamen Diane L , Peschken Christine A , Jacobsen Søren , Askanase Anca , Sanchez-Guerrero Jorge , Bruce Ian N , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Vinet Evelyne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in reproductive-age women with SLE with and without possible contraindications and to determine factors associated with their use in the presence of possible contraindications.MethodsThis observational cohort study included premenopausal women ages 18–45 years enrolled in the SLICC Registry ⩽15 months after SLE onset, with annual assessments spanning 2000–2017. World Health Organization Category 3 or 4 contraindications to CHCs (e.g. hypertension, aPL) were assessed at each study visit. High disease activity (SLEDAI score >12 or use of >0.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone) was considered a relative contraindication.ResultsA total of 927 SLE women contributed 6315 visits, of which 3811 (60%) occurred in the presence of one or more possible contraindication to CHCs. Women used CHCs during 512 (8%) visits, of which 281 (55%) took place in the setting of one or more possible contraindication. The most frequently observed contraindications were aPL (52%), hypertension (34%) and migraine with aura (22%). Women with one or more contraindication were slightly less likely to be taking CHCs [7% of visits (95% CI 7, 8)] than women with no contraindications [9% (95% CI 8, 10)].ConclusionCHC use was low compared with general population estimates (>35%) and more than half of CHC users had at least one possible contraindication. Many yet unmeasured factors, including patient preferences, may have contributed to these observations. Further work should also aim to clarify outcomes associated with this exposure.
Mosaicism, aging and cancer
Authors: Machiela Mitchell J. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Genetic mosaicism is the presence of a somatic mutation in a subset of cells that differs from the inherited germline genome. Detectable genetic mosaicism is attractive as a potential early biomarker for cancer risk because of its established relationship with aging, introduction of potentially deleterious mutations, and clonal selection and expansion of mutated cells. The aim of this review is to survey shared risk factors associated with genetic mosaicism, aging and cancer risk.

Recent findings
Studies have associated aging, cigarette smoking and several genetic susceptibility loci with increased risk of acquiring genetic mosaicism. Genetic mosaicism has also been associated with numerous outcomes including cancer risk and cancer mortality; however, the level of evidence supporting these associations varies considerably.

Summary
Ample evidence exists for shared risk factors for genetic mosaicism and cancer risk as well as abundant support linking genetic mosaicism in leukocytes to hematologic malignancies. The relationship between genetic mosaicism in circulating leukocytes and solid malignancies remains an active area of research.
Chordoma: update on disease, epidemiology, biology and medical therapies
Authors: Frezza Anna Maria , Botta Laura , Trama Annalisa , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Stacchiotti Silvia 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Chordoma is an exceedingly rare subtype of bone sarcoma. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into chordoma epidemiology, and an update on the recent advances in disease, biology and medical therapies.

Recent findings
The incidence of chordoma is approximately 0.08/100 000 and the 5-year overall age-adjusted relative survival is 72% in the United States and 61% in Europe. Over the last years, significant steps forwards have been done in the comprehension of chordoma complexity, with insights gained into the biology and morphology of this disease. New entities have been described and potentially druggable molecular targets identified. This is becoming all the more relevant today, as new potentially active agents are under development.

Summary
Chordoma is a complex disease because of its rarity, biological heterogeneity and peculiar clinical behaviour. Despite the progress done, the outcome in this disease remains unsatisfactory and the identification of active systemic treatments remains an urgent, unmet medical need.
Comparison of treatment methods for pediatric Monteggia fracture
Authors: He Jin Peng , Hao Yun , Shao Jing Fan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Various methods are applied in the treatment of fresh and neglected Monteggia fractures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment methods, and assess the complexity associated with missed radial head dislocation.
All fracture patients were reviewed between Jan 2012 and Dec 2016. A detailed comparison was made of the treatment methods between fresh Monteggia fractures and neglected Monteggia fractures with missed diagnosis of dislocation.
A preliminary analysis of clinical information from 1081 patients in our center was investigated, and 42 were included in the final analysis. The fresh group included 25 patients with an average Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 96.3 ± 2.7 and resulted in the following scores after treatment: 21 excellent, 3 good, and 1 fair. In the fresh group, 76% of patients received closed reduction. Treatment with a cast, elastic stable intramedullary nail, and the Kirschner wire stabilization with tension band wiring make up 80% of the choices for fixation treatment. No patients experienced associated vascular injuries, recurrent dislocation, or elbow dysfunction. The neglected group involved 17 patients with Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 92.1 ± 9.3 and resulted in the following scores after treatment: 10 excellent, 4 good, and 3 fair. The locking compression plate (LCP) was the most common choice for postoperative immobilization in the neglected group (88.2%). Three patients in the neglected group experienced recurrent dislocation.
This retrospective analysis indicates that the treatment of neglected Monteggia fractures is more complex than that of fresh Monteggia fractures, and usually results in a worse recovery rate with a higher rate of recurrent dislocation and elbow dysfunction.
Maximum standardized uptake value of foot SPECT/CT using Tc-99m HDP in patients with accessory navicular bone as a predictor of surgical treatment
Authors: Bae Sungwoo , Kang Yusuhn , Song Yoo Sung , Lee Won Woo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Quantitative bone SPECT/CT (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography) using Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate is emerging as a useful imaging modality for skeletal diseases. Accessory navicular bone (ANB) has been evaluated by bone scintigraphy only qualitatively and semiquantitatively. However, a truly objective quantitative assessment of ANB is lacking. Here, we measured the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the ANB and investigated its usefulness as an imaging biomarker for ANB.
Consecutive quantitative bone SPECT/CT studies that had been performed on the foot were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred five patients (male:female = 44:61; median age = 32.0 [range, 11–81] years old; 31 negative controls without ANB and 74 patients with ANB [7 unilateral and 67 bilateral]) and their 210 feet were investigated. The ANBs were classified into types I, II, III (Geist classification), and 0 (contralateral navicular of unilateral ANB). Type II ANBs were subclassified into II-1 (with bony abnormality) or II-0 (without bony abnormality). The treatment modality was observation, conservative treatment, or surgical removal. The associations between the SUVmax and clinical findings, including surgery, were investigated.
Patients with type II-1 ANB had the highest SUVmax among all ANB types (P < .001). The SUVmax of symptomatic ANB was greater than that for asymptomatic ANB (P < .001), and the SUVmax for the surgically resected ANB group was also significantly higher than that for the observation only or conservative treatment group (P < .001). Subtype II-1 had a significantly higher SUVmax compared with subtype II-0 (P < .001). Logistic regression analyses in type II ANB showed that young age (P = .020) and SUVmax (P = .031) were significant predictors for surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve and survival analyses revealed an optimal SUVmax cutoff of 5.27 g/mL for predicting final surgical treatment.
SUVmax derived from quantitative bone SPECT/CT was strongly associated with symptom, surgical treatment, and a known high-risk type of ANB. Risk stratification for final surgical treatment of ANB can be achieved using the SUVmax from quantitative bone SPECT/CT.
Acupuncture and related techniques for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Meilu , Chen Jianrong , Ren Qing , Zhu Weifeng , Yan Dongmei , Nie Heyun , Chen Xiaofan , Zhou Xu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. As a complementary treatment, acupuncture and related techniques are widely used to treat metabolic and endocrine diseases, but their efficacy and safety for T2DM are yet to be established. This systematic review will qualitatively and quantitatively summarize the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and related techniques in patients with T2DM.

Methods:
Comprehensive literature searches will be performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and a trial registry “ClinicalTrials.gov” from inception to December 3, 2018. We will include RCTs for patients with T2DM that compared acupuncture with placebo, antidiabetic drugs, lifestyle interventions, or the combination. Primary outcomes are fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Secondary outcomes include 2-hour blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, incidence of diabetic complications, and acupuncture-related adverse events. The risk of bias of the RCTs included in the review will be examined using a revised Cochrane handbook tool. Heterogeneity will be detected using Cochran Q test and I
2 statistics. With the use of random effects model, we will perform meta-analyses to pool results of RCTs. The effect measures will be weighted or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the continuous outcomes and risk ratio with 95% CIs for the dichotomous outcomes. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression with predefined effect modifiers will be performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Where appropriate, we will assess the possibility of reporting bias based on funnel plots and quantitative detection. We will appraise the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system for each outcome.

Results:
This study will provide accurate results and balanced inferences on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and related techniques on T2DM.

Conclusion:
This well-designed systematic review will establish high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and related techniques for T2DM to facilitate the clinical practice and guideline development.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42018115639.
A Phase I/IIa Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Following Portoenterostomy in Biliary Atresia
Authors: Mack Cara L. , Spino Cathie , Alonso Estella M. , Bezerra Jorge A. , Moore Jeffrey , Goodhue Catherine , Ng Vicky L. , Karpen Saul J. , Venkat Veena , Loomes Kathleen M. , Wang Kasper , Sherker Averell H. , Magee John C. , Sokol Ronald J. ,   The ChiLDReN Network
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive neonatal fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy. We hypothesized that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) would be safe, feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for the treatment of BA. The primary objective of this study was to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and safety profile of IVIg administration after hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) in BA. The secondary objective was to determine the treatment efficacy of IVIg based on good bile drainage and survival with the native liver.Methods:A multicenter, prospective, open‐labeled, phase I/IIA trial of IVIg was conducted, with 1 g/kg/dose of IVIg infused at 3–5, 30, and 60 days post‐HPE, and subjects followed for 360 days post‐HPE. Twenty‐nine participants completed the study.Results:Administration of IVIg infusions was feasible and acceptable in 79%. None of the serious adverse events (SAEs) were directly related to IVIg infusions; however, 90% of participants had an SAE. Compared with a historical placebo‐arm group, there was no significant increase in the proportion of IVIg participants with a serum total bilirubin <1.5 mg/dL at 90, 180, or 360 days post‐HPE. Survival with the native liver in the IVIg participants showed no significant benefit over the historical placebo arm, with a difference at 360 days of −11.9% (IVIg: 58.6%, placebo: 70.5%; 90% UCB: 2.1%; P > 0.05).Conclusions:Although IVIg infusions in infants with BA post‐HPE were feasible, acceptable and safe, there was no trend to lower bilirubin levels or improved 360‐day survival with the native liver.Clinical Trial:Safety Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Post‐Portoenterostomy in Biliary Atresia; #NCT01854827.
Biliary Tract Disease in Girls and Young Women With Rett Syndrome
Authors: Motil Kathleen J. , Lane Jane B. , Barrish Judy O. , Annese Fran , Geerts Suzanne , McNair Lauren , Skinner Steven A. , Neul Jeffrey L. , Glaze Daniel G. , Percy Alan K. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:We reviewed medical records and conducted a nationwide survey to characterize the clinical features and determine the prevalence of biliary tract disease in girls and women with Rett syndrome (RTT).Methods:Sixty‐two individuals with RTT and biliary tract disease were identified from the membership of Rett Syndrome Organization and patient files of the principal investigator. Medical records of 46 individuals were reviewed for presenting features, diagnostic tests, and treatment outcomes of biliary tract disease. We designed a questionnaire that probed the frequency of risk factors and treatment outcomes of biliary tract disease in RTT. The questionnaire was completed by 271 parents whose daughters met the clinical criteria for RTT and/or had MECP2 mutations and participated in the Natural History of Rett Syndrome Study.Results:Presenting symptoms identified by record review included abdominal pain (94%), irritability (88%), weight loss (64%), and vomiting (52%). Biliary dyskinesia, cholecystitis, and cholelithiasis were identified in 90%, 77%, and 70%, respectively, by cholescintigraphy, surgical pathology, and abdominal ultrasound. The prevalence of biliary tract disease was 4.4% (n = 12) in the RTT cohort. Risk factors included older age (P < 0.001) and a positive family history (P < 0.01). Diagnoses included cholecystitis (n = 5), biliary dyskinesia (n = 6), and cholelithiasis (n = 7). Ten individuals underwent surgery; 7 had resolution of symptoms after surgical intervention.Conclusions:Biliary tract disease is not unique to RTT, but may be under‐recognized because of the cognitive impairment of affected individuals. Early diagnostic evaluation and intervention may improve the health and quality of life of individuals affected with RTT and biliary tract disease.
Nurse Practitioners in Orthopaedic Surgical Settings
Authors: Spence Brittany G. , Ricci Joanne , McCuaig Fairleth 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE:The purpose of this article was to conduct an extensive literature review of nurse practitioners (NPs) in orthopaedic surgical settings to delineate whether a need exists for NPs in these settings.BACKGROUND:Due to physician shortages and changes in healthcare, patients are experiencing difficulty accessing orthopaedic surgeons. To meet this need, NPs are becoming an essential part of the multidisciplinary orthopaedic team in Level 1 trauma hospitals.RESULTS:Nurse practitioners are qualified and competent to work in a variety of orthopaedic settings including preoperative clinics, primary care orthopaedic clinics, and pre-/postoperative care within the hospital. The benefits of NPs in orthopaedic surgical settings includes increased access to care, improved team communication, decreased length of stay, improved quality of care, and improved patient satisfaction. Moreover, NPs meet patient needs while surgeons are operating, and have a positive impact on resident surgeon education.CONCLUSION:A need exists for NPs in orthopaedic surgical settings to both improve access to healthcare for patients and reduce the burden on orthopaedic surgeons.
Evaluation of a Symptom-triggered Protocol for Alcohol Withdrawal for Use in the Emergency Department, General Medical Wards, and Intensive Care Unit
Authors: RICHMAN LISA S. , GARCIA CAROLYN , BOUCHARD NICOLE , MUSKIN PHILIP R. , DZIERBA AMY L. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Alcohol withdrawal is common in hospitalized patients and symptom-triggered guidelines have been shown to reduce treatment duration, length of stay, and need for mechanical ventilation.

Objectives:
To assess the feasibility of incorporating symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal guidelines early in the hospital course and to evaluate outcomes of patients before and after implementation of the guidelines.

Methods:
This was a retrospective pre-post study of adult patients admitted from the emergency department to an urban, academic, tertiary care center. Subjects in the preguideline (PRE) group were given benzodiazepines in a nonprotocolized manner at the discretion of the treating physician, whereas subjects in the postguideline (POST) group were treated according to the alcohol withdrawal guidelines with treatment beginning in the emergency department.

Results:
The PRE group involved 113 admissions for severe alcohol withdrawal and the POST group involved 103 admissions for severe alcohol withdrawal. The median benzodiazepine dose per day, in milligrams of chlordiazepoxide, was higher in the POST group (100 mg in the PRE group vs. 141 mg in the POST group; P<0.02). A higher percentage of patients in the POST group were admitted to the intensive care unit (4.4% in the PRE group vs. 12.6% in the POST group; P=0.05); however, more patients in the PRE group than in the POST group received continuous intravenous sedation and mechanical ventilation, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.37 for both variables). There was no difference between the 2 groups in length of stay in the intensive care unit or hospital or discharge disposition.

Conclusions:
Incorporating symptom-triggered guidelines for alcohol withdrawal early in the hospital course at a large medical center is feasible. This approach may result in increased benzodiazepine use, but it seems that it is safe and does not result in adverse outcomes.
IL-10-producing B cells are enriched in murine pericardial adipose tissues and ameliorate the outcome of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Lan , Dalal Rajeev , Cao Connie , Postoak J. Luke , Zhang Qinkun , Wang Zhizhang , Lal Hind , Kaer Luc Van 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (MI) provokes an inflammatory response in the heart that removes damaged tissues to facilitate repair. However, exaggerated and/or persistent inflammation compromises healing, which may be counteracted by regulatory immune mechanisms. A key regulatory factor in an inflammatory response is the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which can be produced by a number of immune cells including subsets of B lymphocytes. Here, we investigated IL-10-producing B cells in pericardial adipose tissues (PATs) and their role in the healing process following acute MI in mice. We found abundant IL-10-producing B cells in PATs under homeostatic conditions, with the majority of them bearing cell surface CD5 (CD5+B cells). These cells were detected early in life, maintained a steady presence during adulthood, and resided in fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs). The cytokine IL-33 was preferentially expressed in PATs under homeostatic conditions and contributed to enrichment of IL-10-producing CD5+B cells in PATs. CD5+B cells expanded in PATs following MI, and accumulated in the infarcted heart during the resolution of MI-induced inflammation. B cell-specific deletion of IL-10 worsened cardiac function after MI, exacerbated myocardial injury, and delayed resolution of inflammation. These findings reveal a significant contribution of IL-10-producing B cells to the anti-inflammatory mechanism that terminates MI-induced inflammation, and identify these cells as novel therapeutic targets to improve the outcome of MI.Significance StatementMyocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although it is now recognized that a balanced and timely terminated pro-inflammatory response following acute MI is essential in promoting tissue repair, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly defined. In this report, we show that IL-10-producing B cells in mice 1) are enriched in pericardial adipose tissues (PATs) and influenced by cytokine IL-33 under homeostatic conditions; 2) expand in PATs following MI and accumulate in the infarcted heart during the resolution of MI-induced inflammation; and 3) facilitate resolution of inflammation and reduce myocardial injury to preserve cardiac function after MI. These findings identify IL-10-producing B cells as novel therapeutic targets to improve the outcome of MI.