bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Mortality After Revision THA
Authors: Yao Jie J , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Abdel Matthew P. , Larson Dirk R. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Berry Daniel J. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Long-term mortality after primary THA is lower than in the general population, but it is unknown whether this is also true after revision THA.

Questions/Purposes
We examined (1) long-term mortality according to reasons for revision after revision THA, and (2) relative mortality trends by age at surgery, years since surgery, and calendar year of surgery.

Methods
This retrospective study included 5417 revision THAs performed in 4532 patients at a tertiary center between 1969 and 2011. Revision THAs were grouped by surgical indication in three categories: periprosthetic joint infections (938; 17%); fractures (646; 12%); and loosening, bearing wear, or dislocation (3833; 71%). Patients were followed up until death or December 31, 2016. The observed number of deaths in the revision THA cohort was compared with the expected number of deaths using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and Poisson regression models. The expected number of deaths was calculated assuming that the study cohort had the same calendar year, age, and sex-specific mortality rates as the United States general population.

Results
The overall age- and sex-adjusted mortality was slightly higher than the general population mortality (SMR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13; p < 0.001). There were significant differences across the three surgical indication subgroups. Compared with the general population mortality, patients who underwent revision THA for infection (SMR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.24-1.48; p < 0.001) and fractures (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11-1.37; p < 0.001) had significantly increased risk of death. Patients who underwent revision THA for aseptic loosening, wear, or dislocation had a mortality risk similar to that of the general population (SMR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.06; p = 0.647). The relative mortality risk was highest in younger patients and declined with increasing age at surgery. Although the relative mortality risk among patients with aseptic indications was lower than that of the general population during the first year of surgery, the risk increased with time and got worse than that of the general population after approximately 8 to 10 years after surgery. Relative mortality risk improved with time after revision THA for aseptic loosening, wear, or dislocation.

Conclusions
Shifting mortality patterns several years after surgery and the excess mortality after revision THA for periprosthetic joint infections and fractures reinforce the need for long-term followup, not only for implant survival but overall health of patients having THA.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study
Anthropometric Prediction of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Persons With Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: McCauley Liron S. , Sumrell Ryan M. , Gorgey Ashraf S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in increased accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Anthropometrics may provide an alternative to estimate VAT cross‐section area (CSA) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ObjectiveTo validate the use of anthropometrics, including abdominal circumference and skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements against MRI to predict subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT cross‐sectional areas in persons with SCI.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingClinical research centerParticipantTwenty‐two men with motor complete SCIMethodsAnthropometric measurements and MRI were taken during a single visit. Abdominal circumference and SFT were used to derive prediction equations for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATAnthro‐CSA) and VAT (VATAnthro‐CSA). Three‐axial MRI at the level of umbilicus was used to establish the prediction equations. VATAnthro‐CSA was compared against body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and SFT. Bland‐Altman plots were used to determine limits of agreement between prediction equations and MRI.Main Outcome MeasurementsSAT and VAT cross‐sectional areas.ResultsSATAnthro‐CSA explained 76% of the variance in SAT cross‐sectional area (r2 = 0.76, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 49.5 cm2, P <.001). VATAnthro‐CSA explained 72% of VAT cross‐sectional area (r2 = 0.72, SEE = 45.8 cm2, P <.001). Compared to VATAnthro‐CSA, BMI, waist circumference, and SFT explained only 37%, 63%, and 31%, respectively, in the variance of VAT MRI.ConclusionAbdominal circumference and SFT demonstrated an alternative way to predict VAT CSA. VATAnthro‐CSA estimated VATMRI more accurately than BMI, waist circumference, and SFT in individuals with chronic SCI.Level of EvidenceI
Sociotechnical Obstacles to Archaeological Data Reuse
Authors: Sobotkova Adela 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe ease of digital data capture and the proliferation of concepts such as the “data deluge” suggest that modern researchers are drowning in datasets. Yet citations of archaeological datasets are few and far between, pointing to low rates of data reuse. This article explores the difficulties that surround data reuse in large-scale regional research, including the cost and coordination necessary to extract useful data from digitized PDF reports. The amount of correction and enhancement matches the effort needed to undertake a small field survey project and can only be circumvented with a thoughtful application of computer-assisted text analysis. Missing data in excavation report PDFs are not only intractable but also insidious due to their concealed nature, leading to poor outcomes in terms of (re)use. Consequently, the degree of data reuse in archaeology has been overestimated.
Complexity of factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements in northeast China over the past millennium
Authors: Jia Dan , Li Yikai , Fang Xiuqi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRelic archeological settlement is used to indicate the development of agriculture. We extracted 8865 relic archeological settlements from theAtlas of Chinese Cultural Relicsto analyze how the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological settlements was influenced by temperature changes and social factors during the last millennium. During the Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125) and Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234) in the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a large number of settlements indicated the development of agriculture as far north as 47°N. The warm climate of the MWP provided sufficient heat resources to promote the implication of positive policies of the Liao and Jin dynasties to develop agriculture and settlements. By contrast, during the dynasties of Yuan (AD 1279–1368), Ming (AD 1368–1644), and Qing (AD 1644–1911) in the Little Ice Age (LIA), the number of settlements declined drastically, and the northern boundary of the settlement distribution retreated by 3–4 degrees of latitude to modern Liaoning Province. Although the southward retreat of the settlements and related agriculture occurred in the cold climate of the LIA, it could not be completely explained by the drop in temperature. Social factors including nomadic customs, ethnic policies, and postal road systems played more important roles to the northern boundaries of the settlement distributions during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
Olive cultivar and maturation process on the oviposition preference ofBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Malheiro R. , Casal S. , Pinheiro L. , Baptista P. , Pereira J.A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe olive fly,Bactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key-pest in the main olives producing areas worldwide, and displays distinct preference to different olive cultivars. The present work intended to study oviposition preference towards three Portuguese cultivars (Cobrançosa, Madural, and Verdeal Transmontana) at different maturation indexes. Multiple oviposition bioassays (multiple-choice and no-choice) were conducted to assess cultivar preference. No-choice bioassays were conducted to assess the influence of different maturation indexes (MI 2; MI 3, and MI 4) in single cultivars. The longevity of olive fly adults according to the cultivar in which its larvae developed was also evaluated through survival assays.Cultivar and maturation are crucial aspects in olive fly preference. Field and laboratory assays revealed a preference towards cv. Verdeal Transmontana olives and a lower susceptibility to cv. Cobrançosa olives. A higher preference was observed for olives at MI 2 and MI 3. The slower maturation process in cv. Verdeal Transmontana (still green while the other cultivars are reddish or at black stage) seems to have an attractive effect on olive fly females, thus increasing its infestation levels. Olive fly adults from both sexes live longer if emerged from pupae developed from cv. Verdeal Transmontana fruits and live less if emerged from cv. Cobrançosa. Therefore, olive cultivar and maturation process are crucial aspects in olive fly preference, also influencing the longevity of adults.
Innate immunity and environmental correlates ofHaemoproteusprevalence and intensity in an opportunistic breeder
Authors: Schultz Elizabeth M. , Cornelius Jamie M. , Reichard Dustin G. , Klasing Kirk C. , Hahn Thomas P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile parasite infection can have substantial fitness consequences in organisms, the predictors of parasite prevalence and intensity are often complex and vary depending on the host species. Here, we examined correlates ofHaemoproteus(a common malaria parasite) prevalence and intensity in an opportunistically breeding songbird, the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra). Specifically, we quantifiedHaemoproteusprevalence and intensity in crossbills caught in the Grand Teton National Park from 2010 to 2013. We found that parasite prevalence varies seasonally and across years, with the highest number of infected individuals occurring in the summer, although there was variation across summers sampled, and that prevalence was positively related to annual mean cone crop sizes (a measure of crossbill food abundance) and daily ambient temperature (a correlate of vector abundance). Parasite intensity was significantly and positively related to one measure of innate immunity, leucocyte counts per blood volume. Finally, neither crossbill age, ecomorph, nor sex had significant effects on parasite infection intensity; however, parasite prevalence did significantly vary among ecomorph and age classes. These results support the interpretation that a combination of physiological (specifically immune activity) and environmental factors affects parasite prevalence and infection intensity in this opportunistically breeding avian species.
Effects of mother's and father's education level and age at migration on children's bilingual vocabulary
Authors: WESTEREN INGELIN , HALBERG ANNE-MARIE , LEDESMA HELOISE MARIE , WOLD ASTRI HEEN , OPPEDAL BRIT 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study addressed important gaps in the research literature on bilingual development by examining the effects of both mother's and father's education level and age at migration on children's bilingual vocabulary in two different age groups. The sample included 81 preschoolers and 92 preadolescents with two Turkish immigrant parents living in Norway. The children were born in Norway, or migrated to Norway before/at the age of 3. The children completed Norwegian and Turkish vocabulary tests during home visits while mothers provided information regarding both parents’ education and age at migration in structured interviews. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that father's education significantly predicted all children's majority (Norwegian) vocabulary scores while mother's education significantly predicted majority vocabulary scores in the preschoolers. Father's education significantly predicted minority (Turkish) vocabulary scores among the preadolescents. Mother's, but not father's, age at migration significantly predicted preschoolers' majority vocabulary scores and preadolescents' minority vocabulary. Hence, the parental background variables predicted minority vocabulary scores only among the preadolescents, not the preschoolers. We conclude that mothers and fathers influence the minority and majority language skills of their bilingual children differently and that their influence varies depending on the age of the child.
Do single or multiple deficit models predict the risk of dyslexia in Standard Indonesian?
Authors: BORLEFFS ELISABETH , JAP BERNARD A. J. , NASUTION INDRI K. , ZWARTS FRANS , MAASSEN BEN A. M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough our understanding of reading acquisition has grown, the study of dyslexia in Standard Indonesian (SI) is still in its infancy. A recently developed assessment battery for young readers of SI was used to test the feasibility of Pennington et al.’s (2012) multiple-case approach to dyslexia in the highly transparent orthography of SI. Reading, spelling, phonological skills, and nonverbal IQ were assessed in 285 first, second, and third graders. Deficits in reading-related cognitive skills were classified and regression analyses were conducted to test the fit of single and multiple deficit models. Naming speed (NS) was the main predictor of reading and decoding fluency, followed by phonological awareness (PA), and verbal working memory (VWM). Accounting for 33% of the cases that satisfied both methods of individual prediction (i.e., classification of deficits and regression analysis), the hybrid model proved the best fit. None of the deficits in PA, NS, or VWM alone was sufficient to predict a risk of dyslexia in the present sample, nor was a deficit in PA necessary. Hence, there are multiple pathways to being at risk of dyslexia in SI, some involving single deficits, some multiple deficits, and some without deficits in PA, NS, or VWM.
Fourteen-month-olds’ sensitivity to acoustic salience in minimal pair word learning
Authors: ARCHER Stephanie L. , CURTIN Suzanne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring the first two years of life, infants concurrently refine native-language speech categories and word learning skills. However, in the Switch Task, 14-month-olds do not detect minimal contrasts in a novel object–word pairing (Stager & Werker, 1997). We investigate whether presenting infants with acoustically salient contrasts (liquids) facilitates success in the Switch Task. The first two experiments demonstrate that acoustic differences boost infants’ detection of contrasts. However, infants cannot detect the contrast when the segments are digitally shortened. Thus, not all minimal contrasts are equally difficult, and the acoustic properties of a contrast matter in word learning.
When regularization gets it wrong: children over-simplify language input only in production
Authors: SCHWAB Jessica F. , LEW-WILLIAMS Casey , GOLDBERG Adele E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren tend to regularize their productions when exposed to artificial languages, an advantageous response to unpredictable variation. But generalizations in natural languages are typically conditioned by factors that children ultimately learn. In two experiments, adult and six-year-old learners witnessed two novel classifiers, probabilistically conditioned by semantics. Whereas adults displayed high accuracy in their productions – applying the semantic criteria to familiar and novel items – children were oblivious to the semantic conditioning. Instead, children regularized their productions, over-relying on only one classifier. However, in a two-alternative forced-choice task, children's performance revealed greater respect for the system's complexity: they selected both classifiers equally, without bias toward one or the other, and displayed better accuracy on familiar items. Given that natural languages are conditioned by multiple factors that children successfully learn, we suggest that their tendency to simplify in production stems from retrieval difficulty when a complex system has not yet been fully learned.
Human visceral leishmaniasis: factors associated with deaths in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil from 2006 to 2013
Authors: Bruhn F. R. P. , Morais M. H. F. , Bruhn N. C. P. , Cardoso D. L. , Ferreira F. , Rocha C. M. B. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cases and the social determinants associated with death from human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and VL–HIV co-infection in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, between 2006 and 2013. Descriptive statistics and analysis of associations were performed using chi-square of the raised variables, such as sex, age, skin colour and schooling of cases of HVL. During the study period, there were 866 cases of HVL with 111 deaths in Belo Horizonte. Morbidity and lethality rates (LR) of HVL in Belo Horizonte remained high over almost all the years evaluated, with an average incidence rate of 4.18 cases/100 000 inhabitants and a LR of 11.16%. With respect to skin colour, it was found that people characterised as black or mulatto had higher morbidity, followed by white. Regarding schooling, LR was more prevalent among individuals with lower education. One of the social risk factors was co-infection with HIV, which was present in many cases of HVL. Furthermore, it was found that older age and the male sex were also risk factors for death from HVL in Belo Horizonte.
G-protein βγ subunits determine grain size through interaction with MADS-domain transcription factors in rice
Authors: Liu Qian , Han Ruixi , Wu Kun , Zhang Jianqing , Ye Yafeng , Wang Shuansuo , Chen Jianfeng , Pan Yajun , Li Qi , Xu Xiaopeng , Zhou Jiawu , Tao Dayun , Wu Yuejin , Fu Xiangdong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe simultaneous improvement of grain quality and yield of cereal crops is a major challenge for modern agriculture. Here we show that a rice grain yield quantitative trait locus qLGY3 encodes a MADS-domain transcription factor OsMADS1, which acts as a key downstream effector of G-protein βγ dimers. The presence of an alternatively spliced protein OsMADS1lgy3 is shown to be associated with formation of long and slender grains, resulting in increases in both grain quality and yield potential of rice. The Gγ subunits GS3 and DEP1 interact directly with the conserved keratin-like domain of MADS transcription factors, function as cofactors to enhance OsMADS1 transcriptional activity and promote the co-operative transactivation of common target genes, thereby regulating grain size and shape. We also demonstrate that combining OsMADS1
lgy3
allele with high-yield-associated dep1-1 and gs3 alleles represents an effective strategy for simultaneously improving both the productivity and end-use quality of rice.
Immunologic targeting of CD30 eliminates tumourigenic human pluripotent stem cells, allowing safer clinical application of hiPSC-based cell therapy
Authors: Sougawa Nagako , Miyagawa Shigeru , Fukushima Satsuki , Kawamura Ai , Yokoyama Junya , Ito Emiko , Harada Akima , Okimoto Kaori , Mochizuki-Oda Noriko , Saito Atsuhiro , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidate cells for cardiomyogenesis in the failing heart. However, teratoma/tumour formation originating from undifferentiated iPSCs contaminating the graft is a critical concern for clinical application. Here, we hypothesized that brentuximab vedotin, which targets CD30, induces apoptosis in tumourigenic cells, thus increasing the safety of iPSC therapy for heart failure. Flow cytometry analysis identified consistent expression of CD30 in undifferentiated human iPSCs. Addition of brentuximab vedotin in vitro for 72 h efficiently induced cell death in human iPSCs, associated with a significant increase in G2/M phase cells. Brentuximab vedotin significantly reduced Lin28 expression in cardiomyogenically differentiated human iPSCs. Transplantation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) without treatment into NOG mice consistently induced teratoma/tumour formation, with a substantial number of Ki-67–positive cells in the graft at 4 months post-transplant, whereas iPSC-derived CMs treated with brentuximab vedotin prior to the transplantation did not show teratoma/tumour formation, which was associated with absence of Ki-67–positive cells in the graft over the same period. These findings suggest that in vitro treatment with brentuximab vedotin, targeting the CD30-positive iPSC fraction, reduced tumourigenicity in human iPSC-derived CMs, potentially providing enhanced safety for iPSC-based cardiomyogenesis therapy in clinical scenarios.
Analysis of strain distribution, migratory potential, and invasion history of fall armyworm populations in northern Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N. , Goergen Georg , Tounou Kodjo Agbeko , Agboka Komi , Koffi Djima , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) is a noctuid moth pest endemic throughout the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a strong expectation of significant damage to African maize crop yield and a high likelihood of further dispersal, putting the rest of the Eastern Hemisphere at risk. Specimens from multiple locations in six countries spanning the northern portion of the infested region were analyzed for genetic markers. The similarity of haplotypes between the African collections was consistent with a common origin, but significant differences in the relative frequency of the haplotypes indicated limitations in migration. The mitochondrial marker frequently used to identify two host strains appears to be compromised, making uncertain previous reports that both strains are present in Africa. This more extensive study confirmed initial indications based on Togo populations that Florida and the Greater Antilles are the likely source of at least a subset of the African infestation and further suggest an entry point in western Africa. The origin of a second subgroup is less clear as it was rarely found in the collections and has a haplotype that has not yet been observed in the Western Hemisphere.
Relaxation dynamics of generalized scale-free polymer networks
Authors: Jurjiu Aurel , Gomes Maia Júnior Deuticilam , Galiceanu Mircea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe focus on treelike generalized scale-free polymer networks, whose geometries depend on a parameter,γ, that controls their connectivity and on two modularity parameters: the minimum allowed degree,Kmin, and the maximum allowed degree,Kmax. We monitor the influence of these parameters on the static and dynamic properties of the achieved generalized scale-free polymer networks. The relaxation dynamics is studied in the framework of generalized Gaussian structures model by employing the Rouse-type approach. The dynamical quantities on which we focus are the average monomer displacement under external forces and the mechanical relaxation moduli (storage and loss modulus), while for the static and structure properties of these networks we concentrate on the eigenvalue spectrum, diameter, and degree correlations. Depending on the values of network’s parameters we were able to switch between distinct hyperbranched structures: networks with more linearlike segments or with a predominant star or dendrimerlike topology. We have observed a stronger influence onKminthan onKmax. In the intermediate time (frequency) domain, all physical quantities obey power-laws for polymer networks withγ = 2.5 andKmin = 2 and we prove additionally that for networks withγ ≥ 2.5 new regions with constant slope emerge by a proper choice ofKmin. Remarkably, we show that for certain values of the parameter set one may obtain self-similar networks.