bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Selective Laser Reflow for Thin Die Stacking
Authors: Wentlent Luke A. , Wilcox James , Genanu Mohammed 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A 3-D packaging approach such as die stacking is an attractive way to package greater functionality and performance into a smaller footprint, often at a reduced overall product cost. Achieving such 3-D integration can however place significant demands on the manufacturing process, often requiring substantial production expense to bond multiple die in a sequential manner. One alternative, potentially offering significant throughput, is the use of selective laser reflow to bond stacked die. This process produces a localized heating of the stacked die sufficient to produce soldered interconnects at the bonding interface but with very short exposure times that minimize the heating of other parts of the assembly and decrease the overall duration of the bonding process.
The use of a commercial infrared (IR) laser reflow instrument for the sequential attachment of thin die into a 3-D stack was considered. The bonding technology under study consists of an infrared laser coupled with a custom optics system that allows the laser beam to be shaped into a range of rectangular shapes and sizes. This allows for a single device or target area to be selectively heated and reflowed while other regions in the near vicinity are not. The target reflow area is exposed to a shaped laser beam for a combination of laser powers and exposure times according to the desired thermal profile. The top most materials absorb the IR energy of the incident laser and conduct that thermal energy down to the solder joints and into rest of the assembly. The rates of heat transfer realized depend significantly upon the sample geometry and material composition. Since this produces a highly accelerated reflow, typically 2–8 seconds, the entire process is highly transient in nature.
This paper reports on the investigation into the utility of a selective area laser reflow process to sequentially bond thin die into a multi-chip stack. Thin silicon die (~60μm thick) were bonded to a 150μm thick laminate substrate using a selected area laser reflow process. The die interconnects were formed through the soldering of SnAg capped copper pedestals under the local laser heat. First level die were placed onto copper pads on the laminate and then bonded using the laser process. Subsequent die (2nd level) were placed on and bonded to gold plated nickel pad sites on the top of the first level die. At each step of the process the quality of the solder interconnects was examined using optical and electron microscopy. A range of laser profiles were utilized with several different thermal parameters: peak temperatures ranging from 235–255°C, time above liquidus between 1–3 seconds, and a fixed cooling rate of 40°C/s. Control samples of stacked die were assembled using conventional manufacturing techniques to enable direct comparisons of the interconnects and die bonding characteristics.
Intervenção marinha: a arte ecológica de Jason Decaires Taylor
Authors: Simão Selma Machado 
Published: December 2018

Resumo Este artigo apresenta análises sobre a arte de Jason deCaires Taylor, articuladas com proposições extraídas da obra do filósofo Hans Jonas (1997, 2006). Desse modo, baseia-se nas investigação dos processos de criação do artista, além das experiências ética, estética e ecológica de sua arte, evidenciando um conceito amplamente defendido por Hans Jonas, o “Princípio Responsabilidade”. Abstract This article presents analyzes of the art of Jason deCaires Taylor, articulated with propositions extracted from the work of the philosopher Hans Jonas (1997, 2006). In this way, it is based on the investigation of the processes of creation of the artist, besides the experiences: ethical, aesthetic and ecological of his art evidencing a concept widely defended by Hans Jonas, the “Responsibility Principle”.Resumen Este artículo presenta análisis sobre el arte de Jason deCaires Taylor, articuladas con proposiciones extraídas de la obra del filósofo Hans Jonas (1997, 2006). De este modo, se basa en la investigación de los procesos de creación del artista, además de las experiencias: ética, estética y ecológica de su arte evidenciando un concepto ampliamente defendido por Hans Jonas, el “Principio Responsabilidad”.
NON-ISOTHERMAL EFFECTS IN PARTIALLY FILLED RUBBER MIXING SIMULATIONS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Authors: Poudyal Hari , Das Suma R. , Chandy Abhilash J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
A finite volume technique is used to analyze the isothermal and non-isothermal flow behavior for the rubber mixing process in a two-dimensional, partially filled (75%) internal mixer, which consists of two counterrotating rotors rotating at 20 rpm. In order to capture the interface between air and rubber, an Eulerian multiphase model called volume of fluid (VOF) has been employed here. The transient flow behavior was accomplished by a sliding mesh technique, and the highly viscous, non-Newtonian properties of the rubber have been characterized using the Bird–Carreau model. Most of the previous computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based investigations of rubber mixing assumed isothermal flow, and consequently negligible viscous heat generation, temperature rise, and viscosity drop associated with heat generation. Hence, a non-isothermal simulation is carried out, and results are compared with those of an equivalent isothermal simulation. In addition, dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics are assessed using statistics calculated from particle tracks generated by a set of massless and neutral particles that have been injected in the simulation. For this purpose, quantities such as the cumulative distribution of maximum shear stress, length of stretch, and cluster distribution index are calculated and compared between isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Results showed a significant difference between the isothermal and non-isothermal simulations, thus making the isothermal assumption critical. Also, the non-isothermal simulation predicted better mixing during the entire mixing cycle.
Toward Truth
Authors: Crosswhite James 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Our post-truth condition is both specifically contemporary and as old as philosophy and rhetoric themselves. The condition is exacerbated by instantaneous worldwide communication through rapidly multiplying forms by very large numbers of people and other entities. It is also exacerbated by the belief that contemporary philosophy and intellectual opinion support a recognition that we are in a post-truth condition. Addressing our condition requires acknowledging that truth is not a theoretical object, that it is best approached not positively but rather apophatically, and that this apophatic way is practical, not theoretical.
Musical and educative aspects of various forms of children’s folk song and play
Authors: Lenska Dominika 
Published: December 2018

The author discusses the issues connected with children’s singing in the context of a folk song and of singing in general. She shows an analogy between a native song and mother tongue, indicating shared ‘steps’ that give a chance to express oneself through speech and song in a natural and universal manner. She also draws our attention to the link between a folk song and a life of particular communities, their culture and the world of nature. The author places children’s songs within an exceptionally colorful and varied repertoire of folk songs. Characteristic features of songs, such as a simple form, elementary melo-rhythmic phrases, narrow vocal range, texts about familiar matters, determine their value, enable children to learn them quickly and play a very important instructive-educative role.
Calidad democrática, sistema institucional y modelo territorial vasco
Authors: Larrazábal Basáñez Santiago 
Published: December 2018

ResumenLa tesis que se defiende en este trabajo es que el complejo modelo institucional y territorial vasco funciona aceptablemente bien, a pesar de sus luces y sombras, y puede ser un ejemplo de la idea ampliamente generalizada de cómo un modelo de organización territorial descentralizada (y sus complejas, pero al mismo tiempo, valiosas formas de interacción entre los distintos niveles de gobierno), pueden mejorar la calidad del gobierno de sus instituciones, ayudar en el desarrollo humano, económico y social, aumentar la transparencia, administrar los recursos disponibles para ofrecer mejores servicios públicos y, en definitiva, mejorar la calidad democrática de la sociedad.Summary1. Introduction. 2. The distribution of competences between the Common Institutions of the Autonomous Community of Euskadi and the Regional Administrative Bodies of the Historical Territories ofBizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Álava. 2.1. The distribution of competences in the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. 2.2. The distribution of competences in the Law of Historical Territories. 3. The competences of the municipal institutions of Euskadi. 4. Conclusion.AbstractThe thesis defended in this paper is that the complex Basque institutional and territorial model works acceptably well, despite its lights and shadows, and can be an example of the widespread idea of how a model of decentralized territorial organization (and their complex, but at the same time valuable forms of interaction between the various levels of government), can enhance the quality of government of their institutions, help in the human, economic and social development, raise transparency and manage available resources to deliver better public services and, in short, improve the democratic quality of society.
Liberté individuelle, liberté négative et liberté intérieure
Authors: Berlan Aurélien 
Published: December 2018

L’oeuvre de Georg Simmel est une mine conceptuelle pour celui qui cherche à penser l’évolution moderne du sens de la liberté. En opposant l’individualisme quantitatif duxviiieà l’individualisme qualitatif duxixesiècle, il permet de distinguer deux formes de liberté individuelle au sein du concept général de « liberté des modernes ». En analysant l’emprise sociale de l’argent, il diagnostique la menace qu’elle fait planer à son époque : enfermer les humains dans une liberté purement négative. Il souligne aussi la tentation de chercher une issue individuelle dans la liberté intérieure, concept d’origine stoïcienne expurgé de sa dimension morale. Enfin, il est attentif à l’émergence d’une quête de délivrance à l’égard de la vie matérielle qui se manifeste dans certaines formes pathologiques de possession monétaire, mais aussi dans la passion pour l’art, le goût de la sociabilité et la recherche de solutions techniques aux questions politiques. Néanmoins, on peut regretter que ces fines analyses accordent si peu de place à la dimension collective et politique de la liberté, geste symptomatique de la tendance de fond que Simmel analyse et incarne : penser la liberté dans l’élaboration de la différence personnelle plus que dans le déploiement de l’indépendance.
Masculinities and families in transformation
Authors: Genest Dufault Sacha , Castelain Meunier Christine , Marchand Aaron 
Published: December 2018

Research Framework :The family is an important setting for gendered socialization including the way individuals are built and gendered in a normative social and cultural setting. The family contributes to the reproduction of masculinities, though it can also constitute a space for emancipation and subversion of gender norms.Objectives :This article is an introduction to the Enfances Familles Générations Journal issue on masculinity and families. It aims to present the state of research and paths of reflection on the articulation of masculinity and the family.Methodology :This introductory article is based on research into masculinity and the practices of men. The analysis is then put into context using the field of study on families and its current transformations.Results :Studies on families and men are politicized fields of research which are intimately connected. Despite recognition that transformations are currently taking place, there remains a desire for further knowledge on whether the subject of masculinity within the family is being reinvented, or whether it is still participating in the reproduction of gendered social orders. This is a complex issue which will be further explored in this text.Conclusions :Several masculinity related themes are explored in the research. The contributions made by this issue will help fill in these shortcomings. The topics we address here discuss the new realities of men in the family, including househusbsands, fathers of premature children and the evolution of social discourse on maleness.Contribution :This article reviews issues surrounding the transformation of masculinity and family plurality and identifies new paths of research to be further fleshed out regarding these issues.
Downsizing the molecular spring of the giant protein titin reveals that skeletal muscle titin determines passive stiffness and drives longitudinal hypertrophy
Authors: Brynnel Ambjorn , Hernandez Yaeren , Kiss Balazs , Lindqvist Johan , Adler Maya , Kolb Justin , van der Pijl Robbert , Gohlke Jochen , Strom Joshua , Smith John , Ottenheijm Coen , Granzier Henk L 
Published: December 2018

Titin, the largest protein known, forms an elastic myofilament in the striated muscle sarcomere. To establish titin’s contribution to skeletal muscle passive stiffness, relative to that of the extracellular matrix, a mouse model was created in which titin’s molecular spring region was shortened by deleting 47 exons, the TtnΔ112-158 model. RNA sequencing and super-resolution microscopy predicts a much stiffer titin molecule. Mechanical studies with this novel mouse model support that titin is the main determinant of skeletal muscle passive stiffness. Unexpectedly, the in vivo sarcomere length working range was shifted to shorter lengths in TtnΔ112-158 mice, due to a ~ 30% increase in the number of sarcomeres in series (longitudinal hypertrophy). The expected effect of this shift on active force generation was minimized through a shortening of thin filaments that was discovered in TtnΔ112-158 mice. Thus, skeletal muscle titin is the dominant determinant of physiological passive stiffness and drives longitudinal hypertrophy.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Quality assurance of Cyberknife robotic stereotactic radiosurgery using an angularly independent silicon detector
Authors: Alhujaili Sultan Fahad , Biasi Giordano , Alzorkany Faisal , Grogan Garry , Al Kafi Muhammed A. , Lane Jonathan , Hug Benjamin , Aldosari Abdullah H. , Alshaikh Sami , Farzad Pejman Rowshan , Ebert Martin A. , Moftah Belal , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Petasecca Marco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work was to evaluate the use of an angularly independent silicon detector (edgeless diodes) developed for dosimetry in megavoltage radiotherapy for Cyberknife in a phantom and for patient quality assurance (QA).MethodThe characterization of the edgeless diodes has been performed on Cyberknife with fixed and IRIS collimators. The edgeless diode probes were tested in terms of basic QA parameters such as measurements of tissue‐phantom ratio (TPR), output factor and off‐axis ratio. The measurements were performed in both water and water‐equivalent phantoms. In addition, three patient‐specific plans have been delivered to a lung phantom with and without motion and dose measurements have been performed to verify the ability of the diodes to work as patient‐specific QA devices. The data obtained by the edgeless diodes have been compared to PTW 60016, SN edge, PinPoint ionization chamber, Gafchromic EBT3 film, and treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsThe TPR measurement performed by the edgeless diodes show agreement within 2.2% with data obtained with PTW 60016 diode for all the field sizes. Output factor agrees within 2.6% with that measured by SN EDGE diodes corrected for their field size dependence. The beam profiles’ measurements of edgeless diodes match SN EDGE diodes with a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) within 2.3% and penumbra widths within 0.148 mm. Patient‐specific QA measurements demonstrate an agreement within 4.72% in comparison with TPS.ConclusionThe edgeless diodes have been proved to be an excellent candidate for machine and patient QA for Cyberknife reproducing commercial dosimetry device measurements without need of angular dependence corrections. However, further investigation is required to evaluate the effect of their dose rate dependence on complex brain cancer dose verification.
Pump–Push–Probe for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching: The Case of a Nanographene Molecule
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe M. , Moretti Luca , Barker Alex J. , Chen Qiang , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Cerullo Giulio , Scotognella Francesco , Lanzani Guglielmo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the last two decades, the three‐beam pump–push–probe (PPP) technique has become a well‐established tool for investigating the multidimensional configurational space of a molecule, as it permits disclosure of precious information about the multiple and often complex deactivation pathways of the excited molecule. From the spectroscopic point of view, such a tool has revealed details about the efficiency of charge pair generation and conformational relaxation in π‐conjugated molecules and macromolecules. In addition, PPP is effectively utilized for modulating the gain signal in conjugated materials by taking advantage of the spectral overlap between stimulated emission and charge absorption in those systems. However, the relatively low stability of conjugated polymers under intense photoexcitation is a crucial limitation for their real employment in plastic optical fibers (POFs) and for signal control applications. Herein, the role of PPP for achieving ultrafast all‐optical switching in π‐conjugated systems is highlighted. Furthermore, new experimental data on optical switching of a newly synthesized nanographene molecule, namely dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV), is reported. The superior environmental and photostability of DBOV and, in general, of graphene nanostructures can represent a great advantage for their effective applications in POFs and information and communications technology.
Enhancing the Accumulation of Polymer Micelles by Selectively Dilating Tumor Blood Vessels with NO for Highly Effective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Guoqing , Wang Yi , Huang Xuehui , Yang Guang , Zhao Jingya , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is effective and well known. However, how to maximize accumulation is still a bottleneck in the development of nanomedicine. Herein, a tumor vascular‐targeted hybrid polymeric micelle, which has a great capacity to selectively augment the EPR effect of nanoparticles by dilating tumor blood vessels via the activity of nitric oxide (NO), is presented. Under neutral conditions, the micelle is stable, with a long blood circulation half‐life due to the carboxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer; in mildly acidic tumor tissues, the micelle can selectively target the tumor blood vessels by the exposed cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide (cRGD) peptides, which is realized with a pH‐dependent hydrolysis of the monomethoxy PEG layer. Simultaneously, exposed copper ions catalyze the decomposition of endogenous NO donors, which generates NO in situ, leading to vasodilation and increased tumor vascular permeability. As a result, the accumulation of nanoparticles is significantly enhanced, and a high accumulation of doxorubicin in tumors is achieved at 48 h after injection. This high dose of therapeutic agent produces a large inhibition of tumor growth (94%) in cancer treatment, and shows no general toxicity, with 100% of the mice surviving the treatment regimen.
Tandem Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Induced Luminescent Ratiometric Thermometry in Dye‐Encapsulated Biological Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cai Hong , Lu Weigang , Yang Chen , Zhang Ming , Li Mian , Che Chi‐Ming , Li Dan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLuminescent ratiometric thermometers (LRTs) based on the emission intensity ratio with self‐reference functions guarantee a temperature sensing of fast response, high precision, and excellent spatial resolution. For monitoring temperature at the cellular level, the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as probes, especially biocompatible ones, is still in its nascency. By employing a biological MOF, Zn3(benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxyl)2(adenine)(H2O) (ZnBTCA), as a host and thermosensitive fluorescent dyes as guests, a series of dye@ZnBTCA is synthesized and studied as potential LRT materials, featuring a unique mechanism of tandem Förster resonance energy transfer among the MOF host and the multiple dye guests. This scenario is significantly different from the commonly reported lanthanide or mixed‐lanthanide MOFs where energy transfer occurs between lanthanide ions. Acf‐RB@ZnBTCA, in particular, not only exhibits highly efficient ratiometric temperature‐sensing properties under physiological cellular conditions but also can be excited under visible light.
CO2‐Sourced Non‐Isocyanate Poly(Urethane)s with pH‐Sensitive Imine Linkages
Authors: Gennen Sandro , Grignard Bruno , Jérôme Christine , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a renewable C1‐feedstock that is exploited for the production of polymers. In this work, we report on the conversion of CO2 into novel bis(oxo‐carbamate)s that are then exploited for the synthesis of degradable non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) bearing acid‐sensitive imine functions within the polymer backbone. Two CO2‐sourced bis(oxo‐carbamate)s were first prepared by the facile catalyst‐free and regioselective aminolysis of an α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonate (prepared by carboxylative coupling of CO2 with a propargylic alcohol) with two secondary diamines, piperazine and N,N’‐dimethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine. A large diversity of poly(urethane‐co‐imine)s (PUIs) with molar masses ranging from 4500 to 8500 g/mol were then prepared by polycondensation of bis(oxo‐carbamate)s with various primary diamines, and by using Ti(OEt)4 as catalyst and drying agent. Finally, the pH‐responsiveness of PUIs was demonstrated by immersing a representative polymer in aqueous solutions at different pH. This work illustrates that hydrolytically degradable NIPUs can be constructed by polycondensation of novel CO2‐sourced monomers with diamines.magnified image
Electrochemical Three‐Component 1,2‐Aminosulfonylation of Alkenes: Entry to 2‐sulfonylethan‐1‐amines
Authors: Luo Mu‐Jia , Liu Bang , Li Yang , Hu Ming , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new electrochemical intermolecular 1,2‐aminosulfonylation of alkenes with sulfinates and amines is achieved by utilizing balanced three‐component interactions and reactivity differentiation. This strategy can be applicable to a wide range of amines, including primary and secondary amines, thus enabling alkene aminosulfonylation for producing diverse functionalized 2‐sulfonylethan‐1‐amines without the need of additive redox catalysts, metal catalysts and chemical oxidants.magnified image