bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of cellular characteristics and media properties on membrane microalgal harvesting: a comparative study using Scenedesmus acuminatus cultivated at a pilot scale
Authors: Liu Rui , Chen Yong , Wang Lan , Gong Yingchun , Zhang Xuezhi , Park Min Sung , Hu Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to reveal the influence of cellular characteristics and media properties on membrane microalgal harvesting, changes in the cellular characteristics and media properties of Scenedesmus acuminatus culture contaminated by microzooplankton were characterized, and their influences on membrane harvesting were compared with the control culture. Cells and algogenic organic matter (AOM) in the contaminated and control cultures were fractionated to evaluate the membrane fouling potential.RESULTSThe contaminated culture had a 32% lower average flux than control culture. Both the fractionated cells and AOM in the contaminated culture with or without concentration adjustment had higher membrane fouling potentials. Microzooplankton contamination caused more cell aggregates and transparent exopolymer particles, which formed less permeable cake layer. Increased AOM in contaminated culture contained more carbohydrates and humic/fulvic acid‐like substances, which caused a 15.5‐fold higher adhesion force between AOM and the membrane surface, and thus resulted in higher flux declining rates and lower backwashing recovery rates.CONCLUSIONMicrozooplankton contamination caused the formation of cell aggregates and high concentration of AOM in S. acuminatus culture. AOM played a more important role than microalgal cells in flux declining and backwashing recovery. It is necessary to develop cultivation practice and culture pretreatment techniques to improve membrane harvesting efficiency. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced permeability of recombinant E. coli cells with deep eutectic solvent for transformation of rutin
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhu Chang‐Tong , Peng Qiang‐Min , Wang Fang‐Qin , Sheng Sheng , Wu Qiong‐Ying , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhole‐cell catalysis has been widely used because the steps of extracting pure enzyme are omitted and the cost would be greatly saved. However, the efficiency of the whole‐cell catalyst can be limited by the existence of the cell membrane. In the present study, to enhance the binding between an intracellular enzyme and a substrate, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used to treat Escherichia coli BL21‐pET21a‐rhaB1 cells for isoquercitrin production by the biotransformation of rutin.RESULTSThe whole‐cell catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity with 6% choline chloride‐urea (ChCl/U) after treatment with different concentrations. The ChCl/U‐treated whole‐cell catalyst was more stable than the crude rhaB1, because its optimum pH was closer to neutral and it demonstrated higher temperature tolerance. Under the best conditions of rutin concentration 0.05 g L–1, pH 6.5 and 40 °C, the isoquercitrin yield reached a maximum of 93.05 ± 1.3%. Additionally, the whole‐cell catalyst retained >52% enzyme activity after five repeated uses.CONCLUSIONThese results show that using ChCl/U to increase cell permeability improves the catalytic performance of the whole‐cell catalyst of E. coli BL21‐pET21a‐rhaB1. This approach has promising potential for the utilization of natural flavonoids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Aortic sinus aneurysm rupture into the right atrium in a 29‐year‐old patient
Authors: Sun Zhixia , Guo Jiantao , Wang Hui , Cui Tingting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 29‐year‐old man presented with chest tightness and shortness of breath. Physical examination showed jugular venous distention. Echocardiography showed a large saccular anechoic structure in the right atrium, swinging with the cardiac cycle. The operator initially mistook the lesion for a right atrial cystic tumor; however, color Doppler imaging showed abundant, high‐velocity blood flow signals, leading to the diagnosis of giant aortic sinus rupture into the right atrium. Aortic sinus aneurysm is a rare and usually asymptomatic lesion. However, rupture leads to chest tightness and dyspnea, suggesting left or right heart failure. Surgery is the primary treatment.
Opening a window on lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: Biochemical, molecular, and epidemiological insights
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Donti Taraka R. , Hubert Leroy , Sun Qin , Elsea Sarah H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL‐D) is a multi‐organ autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in LIPA. We reviewed data from 681 samples (white blood cells [WBC] n = 625, fibroblasts = 30, liver = 4, amniocytes = 13, chorionic villus = 9) received for analysis of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity over a 15‐year period. LIPA sequencing was performed in 49 patients with reduced (n = 26) or deficient (n = 23) LAL activity. The Exome Aggregation Consortium and Genome Aggregation Database dataset were used for LAL‐D prevalence calculations. LAL WBC activity was reduced in 67 patients (10.72%) and deficient in 37 (5.92%). The average of LAL activity ± margin of error (CI 95%) was 19.32 ± 0.86 pmol/min/mg for reduced activity patients and 5.90 ± 1.42 pmol/min/mg for deficient patients. The average age at diagnosis for LAL‐D was 23.6 years with several patients older than age 30. The correlation between the age at diagnosis and LAL activity showed a significant moderate direct correlation (Pearson's r = 0.46, P < 0.005). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were identified in 9 out of 23 patients with deficient results (detection rate 39.1%). The average LAL activity in molecularly confirmed patients was 4.02 ± 2.02 pmol/min/mg protein, while in molecularly negative patients was 13.886 ± 1.49 pmol/min/mg (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐two different mutations were identified including two novel variants (c.309C>A and c.856G>C). A carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 350 was inferred. LAL activity in WBC is a validated tool for LAL‐D diagnosis. Higher residual enzymatic activity might result in a milder phenotype leading to diagnosis delay. A cut‐off below 12 pmol/min/mg protein might be useful to discriminate patients with LIPA mutations.
Structural, antioxidant and adsorption properties of dietary fiber from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran
Authors: Dong Ji‐lin , Wang Lei , LÜ Jing , Zhu Ying‐ying , Shen Rui‐ling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFoxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran is a by‐product of millet processing, rich in dietary fiber (DF) and has great application value. A comparative study was conducted to explore the differences in structural and functional properties among millet bran DF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF).RESULTSThere was a significant difference in the content of monosaccharides between SDF and IDF, in which xylose, arabinose and glucose were the main compositions. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that DF and IDF had different forms of network structure, and SDF presented a sign of mutual adhesion. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.54 and 0.08 g kg−1 in SDF. Antioxidant activity of SDF was higher than that of IDF based on the evaluation of free radical scavenging and iron reducing capacity in vitro. Meanwhile, the glucose dialysis retardation index of IDF and SDF was 12.59% and 9.26% at 30 min, respectively. And, there was no significant difference in the adsorption capacity of glucose among different samples (P > 0.05). Furthermore, SDF had strong α‐amylase inhibition (17.92% inhibition rate) and sodium cholate adsorption capacities; the adsorption amount was 16.76 g kg−1 in 2.00 g L−1 sodium cholate solution.CONCLUSIONFoxtail millet bran DF, especially SDF, has good functional properties and would be a suitable ingredient for health‐beneficial food production. However, the relevant verification trials in vivo need to be carried out in the next steps. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical properties to support fibre characterization in monogastric animal nutrition
Authors: Slama Julia , Schedle Karl , Wurzer Gerhild K , Gierus Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the study was to rank conventionally used fibre rich feeds for their physicochemical properties and detect possible correlation between analytical fibre determinations. A total of 22 samples were analysed for proximate fibre values, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), crude protein (CP) and crude ash (CA). Physicochemical properties were determined in vitro by hydration capacity (HC) [water holding capacity (WHC), water binding capacity (WBC), swelling property (SwP)] and buffering capacity [linear buffering rate (LBR)].RESULTSFibre content and physicochemical properties varied markedly between the samples. HC was highest for beet pulp and lowest for rice and millet bran. Buffering capacity expressed minimum values for lignocelluloses and maximum values for rape seed hulls. The correlation of methods was positively between WBC, WHC and SwP (r ≤ 0.89; P ≤ 0.003) but not significant for HC and buffering capacity. SwP negatively correlated with crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (aNDFOM) and IDF (r ≤ −0.48; P ≤ 0.05). WBC and SwP positively correlated with SDF (r ≤ 0.63; P ≤ 0.04). LBR was negatively correlated with CF, aNDFOM, IDF and total dietary fibre (r ≤ −0.55; P ≤ 0.02), but positively with CP (r = 0.53; P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONThe determination of physicochemical properties is applicable to rank fibre rich feeds, some correlations between fibre analytical measurements and physicochemical properties were detected. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry
Victims of a 17th century massacre in Central Europe: Perimortem trauma of castle defenders
Authors: Łukasik Sylwia , Krenz‐Niedbała Marta , Zdanowicz Magdalena , Różański Artur , Olszacki Tomasz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInterments of massacre victims typically differ from normal funerary practices. Bodies are commonly not orderly buried but are thrown into a single grave‐pit and exhibit multiple perimortem traumatic injuries. Although perimortem skeletal trauma constitutes the most direct and unambiguous evidence for violence and warfare in the past, analysis should take contextual information into account. The aim of our research is to examine the skeletal evidence of interpersonal violence in the remains of defenders of a castle in Gołańcz, Poland, who were killed in ad 1656 during the Polish‐Swedish War. This event is well documented in the historical sources, thereby providing the detailed socio‐cultural context.Standard anthropological methods were used to estimate age‐at‐death and biological sex. Macroscopic morphological features developed by forensic anthropologists were applied to distinguish between ante mortem, perimortem, and post mortem traumas. Descriptive and metric attributes were analysed for each injury.Of the 25 skeletons recovered from a mass grave, 22 displayed evidence of perimortem trauma. In total, 90 injuries were found, mainly consisting of sharp‐force trauma. These included 79 injuries to the skull, two injuries to the teeth, and nine injuries to the postcranial skeleton. Multiple traumatic lesions were found in 15 individuals (68.1%). The most prevalent were sharp‐force trauma (21 individuals, 95.5%), followed by blunt‐force trauma (two individuals, 9.1%.), with high‐velocity projectile wounds being least common (one individual, 4.5%). Two individuals had their teeth broken off in the perimortem period.Our study revealed that the inhabitants of Gołańcz were subjected to an extreme level of interpersonal violence, as evidenced by the location, pattern, and distribution of the observed traumatic injuries. From archaeological and historical data, it is known that the event took place during the Swedish invasion into Poland. Our data demonstrate that violence was inflicted not only upon men but also upon women and children. These findings are in contrast to written accounts, which maintain that the Swedish army spared women and children during the attack, and as such show bias inherent to culture‐related sources of information.
Short‐time fabrication of well‐mixed high‐density polyethylene/ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene blends under elongational flow: morphology, mechanical properties and mechanism
Authors: Lin Wangyang , Yang Zhi‐Tao , Qu Jin‐Ping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs linear polyethylenes, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) have the same molecular structure, but the large difference in viscosity between them makes it difficult to obtain well‐mixed blends. An innovative eccentric rotor extruder (ERE) generating an elongational flow was used to prepare HDPE/UHMWPE blends within short processing times. Compared with the obvious two‐phase morphology of a sample from a twin‐screw extruder observed with a scanning electron microscope, few small UHMWPE particles were observed in the HDPE matrix for a sample from the ERE, indicating the good mixing on a molecular level of HDPE/UHMWPE blends achieved by the ERE during short processing times. The morphological changes of blends prepared using the ERE evidenced the good integration of HDPE and UHMWPE even though the UHMWPE content is up to 50 wt% in the blends. Moreover, all blends retained most of the intrinsic molecular weight. The good mixing was further confirmed from the thermal, crystallization and rheological behaviors determined using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheological measurements. Importantly, the 50/50 blend presented improved mechanical properties, especially super‐impact strength of 151.9 kJ m−2with incomplete‐break fracture state. The strengthening and great toughening effects of UHMWPE on the blends were attributed to the addition of unwrapped UHMWPE long molecular chains. The effective disentanglement mechanism of UHMWPE chains under elongational flow was explained schematically by a non‐parallel three‐plate model. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of high‐modulus thermoset materials based on bioglycerol
Authors: Gómez Claudia L , Echeverri David A , Inciarte Helen C , Rios Luis A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA high‐value application of crude bioglycerol in polymers was developed. In this application, bioglycerol was first transformed into a highly polyunsaturated resin (MAGLYMA) through maleinization–methacrylation reactions, under mild conditions (80–90 °C, 1–2 h). The resin was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) (20%–50%) at room temperature over 8 h, affording rigid materials. The effect of MMA content on the mechanical and thermal properties was evaluated. The flexural modulus, flexural strength and surface hardness of the materials were around 3800 MPa, 130–180 MPa and 77 (Shore D), respectively. Tg values were in the range 92–105 °C. It is remarkable that excellent mechanical and thermal properties were obtained using a low concentration of MMA (20%). In particular, the mechanical properties of this material were better than those obtained for a commercial unsaturated polyester thermoset. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Chaperone‐like activity of the N‐terminal region of a human small heat shock protein and chaperone‐functionalized nanoparticles
Authors: Gliniewicz Emily F. , Chambers Kelly M. , De Leon Elizabeth R. , Sibai Diana , Campbell Helen C. , McMenimen Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSmall heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones employed to interact with a diverse range of substrates as the first line of defense against cellular protein aggregation. The N‐terminal region (NTR) is implicated in defining features of sHsps; notably in their ability to form dynamic and polydisperse oligomers, and chaperone activity. The physiological relevance of oligomerization and chemical‐scale mode(s) of chaperone function remain undefined. We present novel chemical tools to investigate chaperone activity and substrate specificity of human HspB1 (B1NTR), through isolation of B1NTR and development of peptide‐conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We demonstrate that B1NTR exhibits chaperone capacity for some substrates, determined by anti‐aggregation assays and size‐exclusion chromatography. The importance of protein dynamics and multivalency on chaperone capacity was investigated using B1NTR‐conjugated AuNPs, which exhibit concentration‐dependent chaperone activity for some substrates. Our results implicate sHsp NTRs in chaperone activity, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of sHsp‐AuNPs in rescuing aberrant protein aggregation.
Recent advances in allelopathy for weed control: from knowledge to applications
Authors: Macías Francisco A , Mejías Francisco JR , Molinillo José MG 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAllelopathy is the biological phenomenon of chemical interactions between living organisms in the ecosystem, and must be taken into account in addressing pest and weed problems in future sustainable agriculture. Allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science, but in some cases, aspects of its chemistry are overlooked, despite the need for a deep knowledge of the chemical structural characteristics of allelochemicals to facilitate the design of new herbicides. This review is focused on the most important advances in allelopathy, paying particular attention to the design and development of phenolic compounds, terpenoids and alkaloids as herbicides. The isolation of allelochemicals is mainly addressed, but other aspects such as the analysis and activities of derivatives or analogs are also covered. Furthermore, the use of allelopathy in the fight against parasitic plants is included. The past 12 years have been a prolific period for publications on allelopathy. This critical review discusses future research areas in this field and the state of the art is analyzed from the chemist's perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Problems of implementing compulsory integrated pest management
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCompulsory integrated pest management poses a number of challenges and issues for debate. Some of are discussed with reference to European Union requirements set out in Annex III of Directive 128/2009. Requirements on the use of plant protection products bring with them problems with dose reduction in the light of a resistance prevention strategy, the lack of threshold levels, the necessity of chemical treatments and the limited availability of effective products of biological origin. Use of preventive measures of pest control faces barriers related to profitability and a lack of knowledge on the part of farmers. Challenges to control the system, as well as the fact that some legally enforced rules are not suitable for all crops, seem also to be an issue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Atmospheric sensitivity to marginal‐ice‐zone drag: Local and global responses
Authors: Renfrew Ian A. , Elvidge Andrew D. , Edwards John M. 
Published: January 2019

The impact of a physically based parametrization of atmospheric drag over the marginal ice zone (MIZ) is evaluated through a series of regional and global atmospheric model simulations. The sea‐ice drag parametrization has recently been validated and tuned based on a large set of observations of surface momentum flux from the Barents Sea and Fram Strait. The regional simulations are from March 2013 and make use of a collection of cold‐air outbreak observations in the vicinity of the MIZ for validation. The global model analysis uses multiple 48 h forecasts taken from a standard test suite of simulations. Our focus is on the response of the modelled atmosphere to changes in the drag coefficient over the MIZ. We find that the parametrization of drag has a significant impact on the simulated atmospheric boundary layer; for example, changing the surface momentum flux by typically 0.1–0.2 N m−2 (comparable to the mean) and low‐level temperatures by 2–3 K in the vicinity of the MIZ. Comparisons against aircraft observations over and downwind of the MIZ show that simulations with the new sea‐ice drag scheme generally have the lowest bias and lowest root‐mean‐square errors. The wind speed and temperature biases are reduced by up to 0.5 m s−1 and 2 K respectively, compared to simulations with two settings of the previous drag scheme. In the global simulations the atmospheric response is widespread – impacting most of the Arctic and Antarctic sea‐ice areas – with the largest changes in the vicinity of the MIZ and affecting the entire atmospheric boundary layer.
Exploring how adolescents with ADHD use and interact with technology
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , Wymbs Brian T. , Evans Steven W. , DuPaul George J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe ubiquity of technology is reshaping the way teens express themselves and interact with peers. Considering that teens with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience a range of social impairments and that risk behaviors have the potential to be more widespread and damaging online, understanding how teens with ADHD use the Internet is important.MethodsThe current study included 58 teens (72.4% boys; 13–16 years old) from the United States of America with ADHD. Study aims were to examine these teens' Internet use frequency, preferred online activities, Facebook interactions, and online risk behaviors (i.e., cyberbullying and sexting). Associations between online behaviors and offline symptoms and behaviors were explored to identify potential risk and protective factors.ResultsFindings suggested that teens with ADHD use technology in similar ways as do the general population of teens described in previous research but appeared at unique risk of cyberbullying behaviors. Offline risks were associated with online risk behaviors. Using Facebook was associated with online risks (e.g., weak online connections) and offline risks (e.g., poorer social skills and more internalizing symptoms).ConclusionsOnline social platforms permit the exploration of social behaviors via naturalistic observation. It is imperative researchers gain understanding of the increasingly prevalent online social worlds of teens. Such an understanding may enable researchers to formulate effective social interventions for teens with ADHD.
Financial volatility and public scrutiny as institutional determinants of financial industry firms' CSR
Authors: Chalmers Adam William , van den Broek Onna Malou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the global financial crisis and Corporate Social Responsibility reporting of financial services firms. We challenge the view in existing studies that firms, when faced with economic hardship, tend to jettison CSR commitments. Instead, and building on insights regarding the institutional determinants of CSR, we argue that firms are constrained in their ability to abandon CSR by the extent to which they are subject to intense public scrutiny by regulators and the news media. We test this argument in the context of the European sovereign debt crisis drawing on a unique dataset of 170 firms in 15 different countries over a six-year period. Controlling for a battery of alternative explanations and comparing financial service providers to firms operating in other economic sectors, we find considerable evidence supporting our argument. Rather than abandoning CSR during times of economic hardship, financial industry firms ramp up their CSR commitments in order to manage their public image and foster public trust in light of intense public scrutiny.