bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP Gut Hormones
Authors: McCarty Thomas R. , Jirapinyo Pichamol , Thompson Christopher C. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate changes in ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) gut hormone levels in patients after sleeve gastrectomy.

Background:
Despite sleeve gastrectomy becoming the most common surgical weight loss procedure, weight loss mechanisms remain less clear.

Methods:
Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed through April 1, 2019, in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies evaluating pre and post-procedure hormones fasting ghrelin, postprandial GLP-1, postprandial PYY, and fasting GIP levels were included. Hedge g with random-effects models were used to determine pooled effect size and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
A total of 28 studies (n = 653; 29.56% male) were included. Mean age was 42.00 ± 5.48 years, with average follow-up of 11.70 ± 11.38 months. Pre-procedure body mass index (BMI) was 46.01 ± 4.07 kg/m2 with a postsleeve gastrectomy BMI of 34.07 ± 3.73 kg/m2, representing total body weight loss of 25.13 ± 4.44% and excess weight loss of 57.48 ± 9.64% (P < 0.001). Ghrelin decreased (Hedge g −1.486, 95% CI −1.884 to −1.089, I
2 = 91.95%), whereas GLP-1 and PYY increased post-procedure (Hedge g 1.095, 95% CI 0.509 to 1.642, I
2 = 84.38%; and Hedge g 1.396, 95% CI 0.781 to 2.011, I
2 = 84.02%, respectively). GIP did not significantly change (Hedge g −0.213, 95% CI −1.019 to 0.592, I
2 = 79.65%).

Conclusions:
Fasting ghrelin levels decreased, whereas postprandial GLP-1 and PYY increased after sleeve gastrectomy. Fasting GIP levels remained unchanged. Future studies are needed to assess the role of these gut hormones and relationship to weight loss and metabolic outcomes.
Visualization is crucial for understanding microbial processes in the ocean
Authors: Sebastián Marta , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: October 2019

Recent developments in community and single-cell genomic approaches have provided an unprecedented amount of information on the ecology of microbes in the aquatic environment. However, linkages between each specific microbe's identity and theirin situlevel of activity (be it growth, division or just metabolic activity) are much more scarce. The ultimate goal of marine microbial ecology is to understand how the environment determines the types of different microbes in nature, their function, morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and to do so we should gather three levels of information, the genomic (including identity), the functional (activity or growth), and the morphological, and for as many individual cells as possible. We present a brief overview of methodologies applied to address single-cell activity in marine prokaryotes, together with a discussion of the difficulties in identifying and categorizing activity and growth. We then provide and discuss some examples showing how visualization has been pivotal for challenging established paradigms and for understanding the role of microbes in the environment, unveiling processes and interactions that otherwise would have been overlooked. We conclude by stating that more effort should be directed towards integrating visualization in future approaches if we want to gain a comprehensive insight into how microbes contribute to the functioning of ecosystems.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Combining morphology, behaviour and genomics to understand the evolution and ecology of microbial eukaryotes
Authors: Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: October 2019

Microbial eukaryotes (protists) are structurally, developmentally and behaviourally more complex than their prokaryotic cousins. This complexity makes it more difficult to translate genomic and metagenomic data into accurate functional inferences about systems ranging all the way from molecular and cellular levels to global ecological networks. This problem can be traced back to the advent of the cytoskeleton and endomembrane systems at the origin of eukaryotes, which endowed them with a range of complex structures and behaviours that still largely dominate how they evolve and interact within microbial communities. But unlike the diverse metabolic properties that evolved within prokaryotes, the structural and behavioural characteristics that strongly define how protists function in the environment cannot readily be inferred from genomic data, since there is generally no simple correlation between a gene and a discrete activity or function. A deeper understanding of protists at both cellular and ecological levels, therefore, requires not only high-throughput genomics but also linking such data to direct observations of natural history and cell biology. This is challenging since these observations typically require cultivation, which is lacking for most protists. Potential remedies with current technology include developing a more phylogenetically diverse range of model systems to better represent the diversity, as well as combining high-throughput, single-cell genomics with microscopic documentation of the subject cells to link sequence with structure and behaviour.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology'.
Contributions of single-cell genomics to our understanding of planktonic marine archaea
Authors: Santoro A. E. , Kellom M. , Laperriere S. M. 
Published: October 2019

Single-cell genomics has transformed many fields of biology, marine microbiology included. Here, we consider the impact of single-cell genomics on a specific group of marine microbes—the planktonic marine archaea. Despite single-cell enabled discoveries of novel metabolic function in the marine thaumarchaea, population-level investigations are hindered by an overall lower than expected recovery of thaumarchaea in single-cell studies. Metagenome-assembled genomes have so far been a more useful method for accessing genome-resolved insights into the Marine Group II euryarchaea. Future progress in the application of single-cell genomics to archaeal biology in the ocean would benefit from more targeted sorting approaches, and a more systematic investigation of potential biases against archaea in single-cell workflows including cell lysis, genome amplification and genome screening.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Paulinella micropora KR01 holobiont genome assembly for studying primary plastid evolution
Authors: Lhee Duckhyun , Lee JunMo , Cho Chung Hyun , Ha Ji-San , Jeong Sang Eun , Jeon Che Ok , Zelzion Udi , Price Dana C. , Chan Ya-Fan , Gabr Arwa , Bhattacharya Debashish , Yoon Hwan Su 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe widespread algal and plant (Archaeplastida) plastid originated >1 billion years ago, therefore relatively little can be learned about plastid integration during the initial stages of primary endosymbiosis by studying these highly derived species. Here we focused on a unique model for endosymbiosis research, the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella micropora KR01 (Rhizaria) that underwent a more recent independent primary endosymbiosis about 124 Mya. A total of 149 Gbp of PacBio and 19 Gbp of Illumina data were used to generate the draft assembly that comprises 7,048 contigs with N50=143,028 bp and a total length of 707 Mbp. Genome GC-content was 44% with 76% repetitive sequences. We predicted 32,358 genes that contain 73% of the complete, conserved genes in the BUSCO database. The mean intron length was 882 bp, which is significantly greater than in other Rhizaria (86∼184 bp). Symbiotic bacteria from the culture were isolated and completed genomes were generated from three species (Mesorhizobium amorphae Pch-S, Methylibium petroeiphilum Pch-M, Polaromonas sp. Pch-P) with one draft genome (Pimelobacter simplex Pch-N). Our holobiont data establish P. micropora KR01 as a model for studying plastid integration and the role of bacterial symbionts in Paulinella biology.
Structural Basis and Designing of Peptide Vaccine using PE-PGRS Family Protein of Mycobacterium ulcerans – An Integrated Vaccinomics Approach
Authors: Nain Zulkar , Karim Mohammad Minnatul , Sen Monokesh Kumer , Adhikari Utpal Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBuruli ulcer is an emerging-necrotizing skin infection, responsible for permanent deformity if untreated, caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans). Despite this debilitating condition, no specific disease-modifying therapeutics or vaccination is available. Therefore, we aimed to design an effective multi-epitope vaccine against M. ulcerans through an integrated vaccinomics approach. Briefly, the highest antigenic PE-PGRS protein was selected from which the promiscuous T- and B-cell epitopes were predicted. After rigorous assessment, 15 promising CTL, HTL and LBL epitopes were selected. The identified T-cell epitopes showed marked interactions towards the HLA binding alleles and provided 99.8% world population coverage. Consequently, a vaccine chimera was designed by connecting these epitopes with suitable linkers and adjuvant (LprG). The vaccine construct was antigenic and immunogenic as well as non-allergenic; hence, subjected to homology modelling. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation revealed strong and stable binding affinity between the vaccine and TLR2 receptor. The binding energy (ΔG) and dissociation constant (Kd) were −15.3 kcal/mol and 5.9×10−12 M, respectively. Further, disulfide engineering was applied to improve vaccine’ stability and higher expression in Escherichia coli K12 system was ensured by codon optimization and cloning in silico. The computer-simulated immune responses were characterized by higher levels of IgM and IgG antibodies, helper T-cells with increased IFN-γ production, and macrophage activity crucial for immunity against M. ulcerans. Therefore, our data suggest that, if the designed vaccine is validated experimentally, it will prevent Buruli ulcer by generating robust immune response against M. ulcerans.
Career sustainability during manufacturing innovation
Authors: Chin Tachia , Li Genyi , Jiao Hao , Addo Frederick , Jawahar I.M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Given advances in digitalization and automation, manufacturing employees are facing the increasing threat of being substituted by smart machines and robots. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that explains as well as can be used to study career sustainability of workers in the fast-paced, continuously changing manufacturing landscape.

Design/methodology/approach
After tracing the evolution of manufacturing sector in China, the authors review existing literature on career sustainability and then propose a new framework. The authors then describe two fictive cases and illustrate the applicability of the four-dimensional framework in helping understand the lived experience of objects in these fictive cases.

Findings
The proposed dynamic framework of career sustainability constituted by four intricately interconnected dimensions (i.e. resourceful, flexible, renewable and integrative) is useful in understanding the fictive cases and hopefully will guide future research on career sustainability in manufacturing or similarly fast-past, dynamically changing environments.

Practical implications
The framework of career sustainability facilitates manufacturing employees to accurately evaluate the sustainability of their careers, whereby they can choose to continue, shift or re-orient their career paths during the transitional period toward digitalized manufacturing; it also enlightens employers to think about how to enhance the job security and engagement of workers by helping prolong their careers and re-design their career plans.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a novel yet context-specific framework to understand and study sustainability of careers. In addition to helping us understand how careers evolve during transformational periods, it also offers fruitful avenues for further research.
Interaction Facilitation and Task Facilitation need optimization in higher education institutions
Authors: Daly Edward , Mohammed Denelle , Boglarsky Cheryl , Blessinger Patrick , Zeine Rana 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Facilitation and Task Facilitation are important components of healthy supervisory/managerial relationships among higher education professionals. Juniors are guided by superiors who play a supervisory/managerial role in professional development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Interaction Facilitation and Task Facilitation on supervisory/managerial relationships among higher education professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
The Human Synergistics International Organizational Effectiveness Inventory® was used to survey faculty and administrators at public and private higher education institutions. The authors analyze Interaction Facilitation and Task Facilitation, which focuses on people-oriented and task-oriented skills, respectively.

Findings
The authors demonstrated the negativity of current organizational cultures on organizational effectiveness measures in higher education institutions. The authors analyze Interaction Facilitation and Task Facilitation, which focuses on people-oriented and task-oriented skills, respectively. Results revealed average scores for both measures fell undesirably below the Historical Averages and Constructive Benchmarks in private and public not-for-profits, private for-profits, faculty, administrators, males and females.

Practical implications
To increase follower satisfaction and improve task and contextual performance in higher education institutions, the authors recommend defining the leader’s influence within supervisory/managerial relationships, increasing flexibility in contextual/situational factors, clarifying the role of supervisors, aligning individual and organizational goals in millennials, and maintaining collegiality.

Social implications
The findings suggest that organizational effectiveness in higher education institutions may benefit from thoughtful revision of leadership strategies, better alignment of individual with organizational goals, and continuous cultivation of constructive organizational cultures.

Originality/value
This study has identified the need to ameliorate the practice of Interactive Facilitation and Task Facilitation styles in higher education institutions. Ineffective supervisory/management styles in higher education have a negative impact on the organization cultures reducing the practice of constructive work behaviors.
Satisfaction with an expatriate job
Authors: Mäkelä Liisa , Kangas Hilpi , Suutari Vesa 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on satisfaction with an expatriate job and how such satisfaction is linked to leadership. Specifically, this research examines how two different kinds of distances – physical distance and functional distance – between an expatriate and his/her supervisor are related to satisfaction with the expatriate job.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted among 290 Finnish expatriates. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis was conducted in order to test the research hypothesis.FindingsThe results show that low functional distance with a supervisor is related to greater satisfaction with the expatriate job. The physical distance is not directly connected to expatriate job satisfaction, but the common effect of the two types of distance shows that among those whose functional distance is low, working in the same country with the leader is linked to greater expatriate satisfaction than recorded among those who were physically distant. Interestingly, expatriates with high functional distance are more satisfied with the expatriate job if they work in a different country to their supervisor.Originality/valueThis study makes a contribution in three areas; first, it addresses the understudied phenomena of international work-specific job satisfaction, specifically satisfaction with an expatriate job. Second, it provides new knowledge on the outcomes of leader distance in the context of expatriation, a work situation that is inherently related to changes in physical location and to organizational relationships. Third, it contributes to leadership literature and highlights the importance of the conditions and the context in which leadership occurs.
Revitalising rural Scotland: Loch Fyne, branding and belonging
Authors: Clark Julie , Rice Gareth 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold. It seeks to explore the relationship between place branding in rural areas and community building. Furthermore, the paper advances the growing body of work, that examines the role of events in destination revitalisation and competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach stems from the Chicago School of Sociology, and visual methodologies. The ethnographic fieldwork consisted of purposeful conversations with event organisers, social interactions with members of the local community and other event attendees, field notes and photographs.

Findings
The Loch Fyne Food Fair in Argyll and Bute highlights a manifold disjuncture between place marketing and place branding, which, in turn, reflects the different approaches to how cities and rural areas seek to remain competitive. The authenticity of the brand, as signalled through image and language, is a key feature of the event’s success, as is the creation of a welcoming and inclusive “third place” environment. The interdependence between the aesthetic, escapist, educational and entertainment realms of the Fair experience have helped to secure the loyalty of visitors and locals, alike.

Originality/value
The paper offers practical insights into the ways in which place branding can be deployed to sustain a successful rural event and extends knowledge of the status of events and festivals as third places. The case study demonstrates how paying careful attention to the elements of the experience economy can enrich the distinctiveness of a rural event.
Understanding trust across cultures: an empirical investigation
Authors: Thanetsunthorn Namporn , Wuthisatian Rattaphon 
Published: October 2019

PurposeIn today’s business world, trust is an essential ingredient for business success, as it serves as a foundation for enhancing a network of positive relationships among businesses, clients, employees and stakeholders. This study aims to shed light on a deeper and more substantial understanding of trust by examining the casual association between national culture and trust.Design/methodology/approachThe study empirically investigates the extent to which cultural factors promote and constrain the level of trust using a mixed sample of 46 developed and developing countries observed over the period of 1990-2014.FindingsThe study provides new empirical evidence that trusting behavior is explained systematically by national culture. Countries with high individualistic and high long-term oriented cultures are the most favorable environment that fosters trust among people in society. In contrast, individuals from countries with the expression of high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance cultures appear to exhibit less trust in others.Practical implicationsThe study provides managerial implications, especially for managers and management consultants in a global context, regarding the cultural relevance of trust in the new and foreign environment, and the effective management of trust among culturally diverse workforces and business relationships. In addition, the study should serve as a supplemental learning material in the business and management disciplines to demonstrate the essential role of trust in the global business environment.Originality/valueThe study adds to the existing body of knowledge on trust by offering new empirical insights into how culture plays an influential role in the creation of trust. This serves as a good starting point for academic scholars and practicing professionals to further develop appropriate management strategies and execution plans for managing trust across different cultural settings.
The role of human capital outcomes in generating business ideas
Authors: Sobakinova Donata , Zhou Yan , Durrani Dilawar Khan 
Published: October 2019

PurposeDespite the existence of a vast body of research on entrepreneurship, little is known about why some entrepreneurs are able to generate and realize more business ideas than others. This study aims to present a prospective answer to this question by empirically examining the relationships among human capital outcomes (entrepreneurial knowledge and skills) and the number of business ideas generated and implemented. Additionally, the authors examined the moderating effect of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the proposed relationships.Design/methodology/approachA statistical analysis on a sample of 340 Russian entrepreneurs was conducted.FindingsThe results from the analysis indicated that human capital outcomes (entrepreneurial knowledge and skills) are positively related to the number of generated and implemented ideas. Furthermore, it was seen that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly moderates the relationship between human capital outcomes and the number of implemented ideas. However, self-efficacy has no significant moderating effect on the relationships among human capital outcomes and the number of generated ideas. Finally, the results showed that the number of ideas generated mediates the relationships among human capital outcomes and the number of ideas implemented.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has investigated the combination of such variables as entrepreneurial human capital outcomes, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the number of new business ideas. This paper investigates this gap in the literature with an empirical analysis of the relations between the mentioned variables based on data collected from Russian entrepreneurs.
Contesting Eco‐Urbanism from Below: The Construction of ‘Zero‐Waste Neighborhoods’ in Chinese Cities
Authors: Lin George C.S. , Kao Shih‐Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow should we understand the recent rapid spread of eco‐urbanism around the world and its move into the mainstream? This understanding has become increasingly dominated by narratives of the urban sustainability fix, which stresses the logic of capital accumulation. Within the broader structural processes of ecological modernization, such as transitioning to low‐carbon growth, consideration of—let alone interest in—the diversity of local politics that shapes the practice and forms of contestation of eco‐urbanism has often been relegated to a position of secondary importance. Meanwhile, investigations of the relationship between the growth of climate governance and grassroots environmental activism often ignore space production as an underlying process of political‐economic transformation. Drawing on a detailed case study of the prevalence of zero‐waste neighborhood experiments in many Chinese cities, which have recently become obsessed with low‐carbon growth, this article underscores the potential of grassroots activism to change the nature, dynamics and landscape of eco‐urbanism significantly. On the basis of the intriguing evidence presented here, it calls for a new understanding of eco‐urbanism: one which is more attentive to the diversity, heterogeneity and contextual sensitivity of urban change at the grassroots level.