bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of novel highly specific antibodies to cancer testis antigen Centrin‐1 for radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jiao Rubin , Allen Kevin J. H. , Malo Mackenzie E. , Helal Muath , Jiang Zewei , Smart Karishma , Buhl Susan V. , Rickles David , Bryan Ruth A. , Dadachova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for >90% of pancreatic malignancies, and has median survival of <6 months. There is an urgent need for diagnostic and therapeutic options for PDAC. Centrin1 (CETN1) is a novel member of Cancer/Testis Antigens, with a 25‐fold increase of CETN1 gene expression in PDX from PDAC patients. The absence of selective anti‐CETN1 antibodies is hampering CETN1 use for diagnosis and therapy. Here we report the generation of highly specific for CETN1 antibodies and their evaluation for radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of experimental PDAC.MethodsThe antibodies to CETN1 were generated via mice immunization with immunogenic peptide distinguishing CETN1 from CETN2. Patient tumor microarrays were used to evaluate the binding of the immune serum to PDAC versus normal pancreas. The antibodies were tested for their preferential binding to CETN1 over CETN2 by ELISA. Mice bearing PDAC MiaPaCa2 xenografts were imaged with microSPECT/CT and treated with 213Bi‐ and 177Lu‐labeled antibodies to CETN1.ResultsImmune serum bind to 50% PDAC cases on patient tumor microarrays with no specific binding to normal pancreas. Antibodies demonstrated preferential binding to CETN1 versus CETN2. Antibody 69‐11 localized to PDAC xenografts in mice in vivo and ex vivo. RIT of PDAC xenografts with 213Bi‐labeled antibodies was effective, safe, and CETN1‐specific.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the ability of these novel antibodies to detect CETN1 both in vitro and in vivo; as well, the RIT treatment of experimental PDAC when radiolabeled with 213Bi is highly efficient and safe. Further evaluation of these novel reagents for diagnosis and treatment of PDAC is warranted.
Aqueous‐Phase Selective Oxidation of Methane with Oxygen over Iron Salts and Pd/C in the Presence of Hydrogen
Authors: Kang Jongkyu , Park Eun Duck 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDirect conversion of methane into value‐added chemicals is a challenging but worthwhile subject. In this communication, the direct conversion of methane into methane oxygenates was achieved in an aqueous solution at room temperature using iron salts and Pd/C as catalysts and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The hydrogen peroxide can be directly added or generated in situ from hydrogen and oxygen. The Pd/C catalyst greatly enhanced the reaction rate together with the iron salts. The effect of some parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, pH, acid type, and catalyst amount on the yields of the methane oxygenates was also investigated. When hydrogen peroxide was directly added, the turnover frequency (TOF), defined as the moles of methane oxygenates per moles of Fe per unit time, at 293 K was 29 h−1 at pH=2.3. The TOF at 293 K was 42 h−1 at pH=1.3 with in situ generated hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen.
A First‐Principles Study of Boron‐Doped BC2N Sheet as Potential Anode Material for Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Qian , Jiang Dayong , Hou Jianhua , Guo Xin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have attracted a lot of attention in rechargeable batteries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Here, we perform density functional theory calculations to evaluate the feasibility of using model‐I, model‐II, and model‐III BC2N with B substitution of C (denoted as BC2NBC) as an anode material for Li/Na‐ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs). The results demonstrate that each of them has its advantages. Model‐I BC2NBC has the highest theoretical capacity (1789.7 mAh/g for Li and 686.2 mAh/g for Na), model‐II BC2NBC has the lowest diffusion barrier (0.39 eV for Li and 0.16 eV for Na) and model‐III BC2NBC has the largest adsorption energies (3.81 eV for Li and 3.2 eV for Na), which can satisfy the requirement of energy storage devices to anode materials. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations indicate that model‐I/II/III BC2NBC and its lithiation/sodiation are stable at 300 and 400 K. Therefore, model‐I/II/III BC2NBC monolayer can be a good candidate anode material for LIBs/NIBs.
Rational Design of Enzyme‐Modified Electrodes for Optimized Bioelectrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Lin , Carucci Cristina , Reculusa Stéphane , Goudeau Bertrand , Lefrançois Pauline , Gounel Sébastien , Mano Nicolas , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) on macroporous gold electrodes for the optimization of bioelectrocatalytic activity is described. A bilirubin oxidase mutant S362C (cys‐BOD) engineered with a cysteine residue located on purpose at the enzyme surface close to the T1 active center was used. It allows the attachment in one‐step of a self‐assembled monolayer of the enzyme to gold through a reaction between the thiol group of the cysteine residue and the metal surface. BOD immobilization of wild type and S362C mutant in macroporous gold electrodes allowed high retention of activity and perfect control of the overall BOD loading due to the fine‐tuning of the macroporous structure. The macroporous arrangement together with the use of cys‐BOD makes these rationally designed enzyme‐modified electrodes very promising candidates for high‐performance bioelectrocatalytic devices with improved activity and stability.
Enantioselective hydrogenation of α‐ketoesters catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid stabilized Rh nanoparticles in ionic liquid
Authors: Jiang He‐yan , Xu Jie , Sun Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of α‐ketoesters catalyzed by rhodium nanoparticles (Rh NPs) in ionic liquid was studied with the stabilization and modification of cinchona alkaloids. TEM characterization showed that well‐dispersed Rh NPs of about 1.96 nm were obtained in ionic liquid. The results showed that cinchona alkaloids not only had good enantiodifferentiating ability but also accelerated the catalytic reaction. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the enantiomeric excess in ethyl benzoylformate hydrogenation could reach as high as 60.9%.
Sorafenib plus intensive chemotherapy improves survival in patients with newly diagnosed, FLT3‐internal tandem duplication mutation–positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kadia Tapan , Patel Keyur , Loghavi Sanam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Jabbour Elias J. , DiNardo Courtney , Pemmaraju Naveen , Daver Naval , Dalle Iman Abou , Short Nicholas , Yilmaz Musa , Bose Prithviraj , Naqvi Kiran , Pierce Sherry , Yalniz Fevzi , Cortes Jorge E. , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe addition of midostaurin to induction chemotherapy improves survival in younger patients with newly diagnosed, FLT3–mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sorafenib is a potent multikinase inhibitor with efficacy when given as monotherapy. The authors investigated whether the addition of sorafenib to intensive induction chemotherapy improves outcomes in patients with FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD)–mutated AML.MethodsIn total, 183 patients who were newly diagnosed with FLT3‐ITD–mutated AML between February 2001 and December 2017 were identified. Of these, 79 patients (43%) underwent intensive chemotherapy with the addition of sorafenib, and 104 (57%) received intensive chemotherapy alone. Propensity score matching identified 42 patients in each cohort.ResultsThe overall response rate was 98% in the sorafenib cohort and 83% in the intensive chemotherapy cohort (P = .057). The median follow‐up was 54 months. The median event‐free survival was 35 months in the sorafenib cohort and 8 months in the intensive chemotherapy cohort (P = .019), and the median overall survival was 42 and 13 months, respectively (P = .026). With censoring at the time of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the median event‐free survival was 31 and 8 months in the sorafenib and intensive therapy cohorts, respectively (P = .031), and the median overall survival was not reached and 10 months, respectively (P = .001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models confirmed that treatment with sorafenib was a favorable prognostic factor (P = .009; hazard ratio, 0.558; 95% CI, 0.360‐0.865).ConclusionsThe addition of sorafenib improves survival in patients with FLT3‐ITD–mutated AML regardless of whether they undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Tin Oxide Based Nanomaterials and Their Application as Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Beyond
Authors: Zoller Florian , Böhm Daniel , Bein Thomas , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, recent progress in the field of tin oxide (SnO2)‐based nanosized and nanostructured materials as conversion and alloying/dealloying‐type anodes in lithium‐ion batteries and beyond (sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries) is briefly discussed. The first section addresses the importance of the initial SnO2 micro‐ and nanostructure on the conversion and alloying/dealloying reaction upon lithiation and its impact on the microstructure and cyclability of the anodes. A further section is dedicated to recent advances in the fabrication of diverse 0D to 3D nanostructures to overcome stability issues induced by large volume changes during cycling. Additionally, the role of doping on conductivity and synergistic effects of redox‐active and ‐inactive dopants on the reversible lithium‐storage capacity and rate capability are discussed. Furthermore, the synthesis and electrochemical properties of nanostructured SnO2/C composites are reviewed. The broad research spectrum of SnO2 anode materials is finally reflected in a brief overview of recent work published on Na‐ and K‐ion batteries.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon: A Value‐Added Journey Towards Constructing High‐Energy Supercapacitors in an Asymmetric Fashion
Authors: Divya M. L. , Natarajan Subramanian , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrently, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) produced from supercapacitors (SCs) offer more benefits for energy‐storage applications because they display a high operational voltage in aqueous‐based electrolytes that may enhance grid storage and zero‐power transportation with high energy density in the future. At the same time, the realization of low‐cost energy devices through the construction of cheap electrode materials deserves a permanent place in the market once the goals of high energy, extra power, and long cycling stability are achieved. Biomass‐derived carbon retrieved from sources such as plants has attracted considerable attention because of the rich abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendliness. In addition, the utilization of porous hierarchical structures has achieved enhanced electrochemical performance with excellent capacitance, outstanding stability, and praiseworthy rate capability. However, issues still persist in procedures used to obtain biomass‐derived carbon materials with a high yield and a high degree of carbonization/graphitization, surface functionality, and porous characteristics, wherein the materials are used as electrodes in ASC devices. The present review briefly addresses the need for biomass‐derived carbon materials in ASCs, comprehensively categorizes SCs in the context of their historical background, and elucidates the SC mechanism. In addition, influencing factors, such as the pore size distribution, role of surface functional groups, surface area, active‐material loading, heteroatom doping, and activation techniques used in the preparation of biomass‐derived carbon, have been discussed in detail. Moreover, this review assesses other nanostructured carbon electrodes used in ASCs and advances made in the fabrication of ASCs by using biomass‐derived carbon in aqueous electrolytes. Finally, existing challenges and mandatory solutions toward developing cost‐effective and high‐performance ASCs by using environmentally friendly biomass‐derived carbon materials are discussed in detail.
Structure, development, and functional morphology of the cement gland of the giant danio, Devario malabaricus
Authors: Nelson Hannah M. , Coffing Gabrielle C. , Chilson Sarah , Hester Kamil , Carrillo Casandra , Ostreicher Samantha , Tomamichel Wendy , Hanlon Samuel , Burns Alan R. , Lafontant Pascal J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAquatic species in several clades possess cement glands producing adhesive secretions of various strengths. In vertebrates, transient adhesive organs have been extensively studied in Xenopus laevis, other anurans, and in several fish species. However, the development of these structures is not fully understood.ResultsHere, we report on the development and functional morphology of the adhesive gland of a giant danio species, Devario malabaricus. We found that the gland is localized on the larval head, is composed of goblet‐like secretory cells framed by basal, bordering, and intercalated apical epithelial cells, and is innervated by the trigeminal ganglion. The gland allows nonswimming larvae to adhere to various substrates. Its secretory cells differentiate by 12 hours postfertilization and begin to disappear in the second week of life. Exogenous retinoic acid disrupts the gland's patterning. More importantly, the single mature gland emerges from fusion of two differentiated secretory cells fields; this fusion is dependent on nonmuscle myosin II function.ConclusionsTaken together, our studies provide the first documentation of the embryonic development, structure, and function of the adhesive apparatus of a danioninae. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of a cement gland arising from convergence of two bilateral fields.
Neighborhood effects explain increasing asynchronous seedling survival in a subtropical forest
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Yunquan , Mi Xiangcheng , Liu Xiaojuan , Ren Haibao , Chen Jianhua , Ma Keping , Kraft Nathan J. B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiotic interactions play a critical role in mediating community responses to temporal environmental variation, but the importance of these effects relative to the direct effects of environmental change remains poorly understood, particularly in diverse forest communities. Here we combine a neighborhood modeling approach with insights from coexistence theory to assess the effects of temporal variation in species interactions and environmental conditions (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and understory light availability) on seedling survival over nine census years in a subtropical forest. We find significant temporal shifts in the magnitude of neighborhood effects on both community‐wide and species‐level seedling survival (statistically significant random effects of neighborhood × year and neighborhood × species × year interactions). These results are consistent with the idea that environmental change will play a fundamental role on forest regeneration dynamics by altering biotic interactions at the neighborhood scale. Moreover, differences among species in response to neighbors over time contribute to a pattern of temporal decoupling of seedling survival between species, which can help to promote diversity in certain contexts. In separate analyses of multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM), altered interactions with neighbors are much stronger predictors of asynchronous seedling survival among species than the pure effects of climate and plant functional traits, explaining twice as much variation (43.9% vs. 22.2%). In sum, these results reveal that divergent species responses to interannual environmental variability detected are driven primarily by indirect effects mediated by changing biotic environments. This highlights the importance of including indirect effects from local biotic (neighborhood) interactions in forecasts of forest community responses to global change.
Liver enzyme profile and progression in association with thyroid autoimmunity in Graves' disease
Authors: Hsieh Albert , Adelstein Stephen , McLennan Susan V. , Williams Paul F. , Chua Elizabeth L. , Twigg Stephen M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the associations of Graves' disease (GD) severity, autoimmunity and longitudinal liver enzyme changes with time in a cohort with well‐characterized GD.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsPatients diagnosed with Graves' disease, treated at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, Adult Thyroid Clinic from 2000 to 2012 inclusive.MeasurementsInclusion criteria were patients with a complete set of TSH, FT4, FT3, liver enzymes and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) results prior to commencement of thionamide therapy.ResultsOf the 146 patients who had complete results, 69 (47%) had at least one abnormal liver enzyme. Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) was most frequently abnormal (74%), followed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (57%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (39%) and then aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (29%). Subsequent to thyroid function normalization, 78% of the liver enzymes were normalized, 10% were persistently abnormal and 12% were lost to follow‐up. Circulating TRAb, FT3 and FT4 results were categorized into mild, moderate and severe elevations. At univariate regression analyses, TRAb, FT3 and FT4 levels were each significantly associated with abnormal liver enzyme profile. Multivariate regression including TRAB, FT3 and FT4 as independent variables demonstrated FT3 and FT4 were more strongly associated with abnormal liver profile than TRAb. However, the initial FT3 and FT4 levels were not associated with abnormal liver profile in the subgroup with persistently abnormal liver profile.ConclusionGraves' disease is commonly associated with abnormal liver enzymes, and most commonly with abnormal levels of GGT, and that an abnormal liver enzyme profile is more directly linked to the degree of thyrotoxicosis than levels of TRAB.
Evaluation of the effect of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial
Authors: Packer Milton , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Jamal Waheed , Salsali Afshin , Schnee Janet , Kimura Karen , Zeller Cordula , George Jyothis , Brueckmann Martina , Anker Stefan D. , Zannad Faiez ,   the EMPEROR‐Reduced Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrugs that inhibit the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations that largely did not have heart failure at the time of enrolment, empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin decreased the risk of serious new‐onset heart failure events by ≈30%. In addition, in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin reduced the risk of both pump failure and sudden deaths, the two most common modes of death among patients with heart failure. In none of the three trials could the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure be explained by the actions of these drugs as diuretics or anti‐hyperglycaemic agents. These observations raise the possibility that SGLT2 inhibitors could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with established heart failure, including those without diabetes. The EMPEROR‐Reduced trial is enrolling ≈3600 patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤ 40%), half of whom are expected not to have diabetes. Patients are being randomized to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily, which is added to all appropriate treatment with inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system and neprilysin, beta‐blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The primary endpoint is the time‐to‐first event analysis of the combined risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure, but the trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death, all‐cause mortality, and recurrent hospitalization events. By adjusting eligibility based on natriuretic peptide levels to the baseline ejection fraction, the trial will preferentially enrol high‐risk patients. A large proportion of the participants is expected to have an ejection fraction < 30%, and the estimated annual event rate is expected to be at least 15%. The EMPEROR‐Reduced trial is well‐positioned to determine if the addition of empagliflozin can add meaningfully to current approaches that have established benefits in the treatment of chronic heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Android malware detection through generative adversarial networks
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Shah Babar , Sharif Aizaz , Ali Tamleek , Kim Ki-Il , Anwar Sajid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMobile and cell devices have empowered end users to tweak their cell phones more than ever and introduce applications just as we used to with personal computers. Android likewise portrays an uprise in mobile devices and personal digital assistants. It is an open‐source versatile platform fueling incalculable hardware units, tablets, televisions, auto amusement frameworks, digital boxes, and so forth. In a generally shorter life cycle, Android also has additionally experienced a mammoth development in application malware. In this context, a toweringly large measure of strategies has been proposed in theory for the examination and detection of these harmful applications for the Android platform. These strategies attempt to both statically reverse engineer the application and elicit meaningful information as features manually or dynamically endeavor to quantify the runtime behavior of the application to identify malevolence. The overgrowing nature of Android malware has enormously debilitated the support of protective measures, which leaves the platforms such as Android feeble for novel and mysterious malware. Machine learning is being utilized for malware diagnosis in mobile phones as a common practice and in Android distinctively. It is important to specify here that these systems, however, utilize and adapt the learning‐based techniques, yet the overhead of hand‐created features limits ease of use of such methods in reality by an end user. As a solution to this issue, we mean to make utilization of deep learning–based algorithms as the fundamental arrangement for malware examination on Android. Deep learning turns up as another way of research that has bid the scientific community in the fields of vision, speech, and natural language processing. Of late, models set up on deep convolution networks outmatched techniques utilizing handmade descriptive features at various undertakings. Likewise, our proposed technique to cater malware detection is by design a deep learning model making use of generative adversarial networks, which is responsible to detect the Android malware via famous two‐player game theory for a rock‐paper‐scissor problem. We have used three state‐of‐the‐art datasets and augmented a large‐scale dataset of opcodes extracted from the Android Package Kit bytecode and used in our experiments. Our technique achieves F1 score of 99% with a receiver operating characteristic of 99% on the bytecode dataset. This proves the usefulness of our technique and that it can generally be adopted in real life.