bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do cryptochromes and UVR8 interact in natural and simulated sunlight?
Authors: Rai Neha , Neugart Susanne , Yan Yan , Wang Fang , Siipola Sari M , Lindfors Anders V , Winkler Jana Barbro , Albert Andreas , Brosché Mikael , Lehto Tarja , Morales Luis O , Aphalo Pedro J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCryptochromes (CRYs) and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors perceive UV-A/blue (315–500 nm) and UV-B (280–315 nm) radiation in plants, respectively. While the roles of CRYs and UVR8 have been studied in separate controlled-environment experiments, little is known about the interaction between these photoreceptors. Here, Arabidopsis wild-type Ler, CRYs and UVR8 photoreceptor mutants (uvr8-2, cry1cry2 and cry1cry2uvr8-2), and a flavonoid biosynthesis-defective mutant (tt4) were grown in a sun simulator. Plants were exposed to filtered radiation for 17 d or for 6 h, to study the effects of blue, UV-A, and UV-B radiation. Both CRYs and UVR8 independently enabled growth and survival of plants under solar levels of UV, while their joint absence was lethal under UV-B. CRYs mediated gene expression under blue light. UVR8 mediated gene expression under UV-B radiation, and in the absence of CRYs, also under UV-A. This negative regulation of UVR8-mediated gene expression by CRYs was also observed for UV-B. The accumulation of flavonoids was also consistent with this interaction between CRYs and UVR8. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an antagonistic interaction between CRYs and UVR8 and a role of UVR8 in UV-A perception.
Interpreting the Role of the Violin in the Ballykinlar Internment Camp during the ‘ Anglo–Irish War’ of 1919–1921
Authors: Bashford Christina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Music-making in the internment camp at Ballykinlar in Ireland during the ‘ Anglo–Irish’ conflict, 1919–21, was one of several purposeful recreational activities that the British military permitted for prisoners. Apparently cherished by its participants (including the celebrated republican Peadar Kearney) were elementary group lessons in the classical violin and Irish fiddle, which were taught by fellow inmates Martin Walton and Frank O’Higgins, using inexpensive, imported instruments funded by the Irish White Cross. Scrutinizing a range of primary sources, this essay explores how the class functioned in the harsh situation of detention, and attributes its tolerance, even encouragement, by the British to a neo-Victorian paternalistic value-system. It further considers the appeal and meaning that the violin held for students, highlighting its possible value and function as a psychological coping mechanism in the face of ‘barbed-wire disease’, a motivating connection to Irish heritage, home life, and contemporary culture, and even a means of enacting covert resistance to British oppression.
Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis: A consecutive study with a case series and literature review
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Yeh Lung-Kun , Ma David H K , Lin Hsin-Chiung , Sun Chi-Chin , Tan Hsin-Yuan , Chen Hung-Chi , Chen Shin-Yi , Sun Pei-Lun , Hsiao Ching-Hsi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPaecilomyces/Purpureocillium species is an emerging pathogen of fungal keratitis; the risk factor, clinical course, and outcome of Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis need more exploration. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with culture-proven Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis in our hospital from 2003 to 2017 and combined them with 50 previous cases reported after the review conducted by Yuan et al. in 2009. Clinical features between the previously and newly reported cases were compared using the publication by Yuan et al. as a cutoff point. The mean age of the 62 newly reported patients with Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis was 52.7 years. Of these, contact lens wear was the most common predisposing factor (n = 32, 52%), followed by a preexisting corneal disease or previous ocular surgery (n = 12, 19%), and trauma (n = 8, 13%). Fifty eyes (81%) were treated with voriconazole, of which 31 (63%) were medically cured. Twenty-one of 62 eyes (34%) required therapeutic surgery. Compared with the 42 patients reported by Yuan et al., the patients were younger (P = .025); a higher proportion of the patients were contact lens wearers (P = .005); more patients were treated with voriconazole (P = .000); fewer patients required therapeutic surgery (P = .000) in recent reports. Contact lens use has become the major risk factor for Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis. The surgical rate has been significantly lower in recent publications, probably because of the prevalent use of voriconazole.
A retrospective cohort of invasive fusariosis in the era of antimould prophylaxis
Authors: Fernández-Cruz Ana , Semiglia María Auxiliadora , Guinea Jesús , Martínez-Jiménez María del Carmen , Escribano Pilar , Kwon Mi , Rodríguez-Macías Gabriela , Chamorro-de-Vega Esther , Rodríguez-González Carmen , Navarro Raquel , Galar Alicia , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Díez-Martín José Luis , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMould-active prophylaxis is affecting the epidemiology of invasive mycoses in the form of a shift toward less common entities such as fusariosis. We analyze the characteristics of invasive fusariosis and its association to antifungal prophylaxis in a retrospective cohort (2004–2017) from a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain. Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and antifungal consumption data were retrieved. Isolates were identified to molecular level, and antifungal susceptibility was tested. Eight cases of invasive fusariosis were diagnosed. Three periods were identified according to incidence: &lt;2008 (three cases), 2008–2013 (zero cases), &gt;2014 (five cases). All except one case involved breakthrough fusariosis. During the earliest period, the episodes occurred while the patient was taking itraconazole (two) or fluconazole (one); more recently, while on micafungin (three) or posaconazole (one). Early cases involved acute leukemia at induction/consolidation, recent cases relapsed/refractory disease (P = .029). Main risk factor for fusariosis (62.5%) was prolonged neutropenia (median 44 days). Galactomannan and beta-D-glucan were positive in 37.5% and 100% of cases, respectively. All isolates except F. proliferatum presented high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the azoles and lower MIC to amphotericin B. Most patients received combined therapy. Mortality at 42 days was 62.5%. Resolution of neutropenia was associated with survival (P = .048). Invasive fusariosis occurs as breakthrough infection in patients with hematologic malignancy, prolonged neutropenia, and positive fungal biomarkers. Recent cases were diagnosed in a period of predominant micafungin use in patients who had more advanced disease and protracted neutropenia and for whom mortality was extremely high. Resolution of neutropenia was a favorable prognostic factor.
Discovery of a radio transient in M81
Authors: Anderson G E , Miller-Jones J C A , Middleton M J , Soria R , Swartz D A , Urquhart R , Hurley-Walker N , Hancock P J , Fender R P , Gandhi P , Markoff S , Roberts T P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report the discovery of a radio transient in the spiral galaxy M81. The transient was detected in early 2015 as part of a two-year survey of M81 made up of 12 epochs using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. While undetected on 2014 September 12, the source was first detected on 2015 January 2, from which point it remained visible at an approximately constant luminosity of LR, ν = 1.5 ± 0.1 × 1024 erg s−1 Hz−1 at the observing frequency of 6 GHz for at least 2 months. Assuming this is a synchrotron event with a rise-time between 2.6 and 112 d, the peak luminosity (at equipartition) corresponds to a minimum energy of 1044 ≲ Emin ≲ 1046 erg and jet power of Pmin ∼ 1039 erg s−1, which are higher than most known X-ray binaries. Given its longevity, lack of short-term radio variability, and the absence of any multiwavelength counterpart (X-ray luminosity Lx ≲ 1036 erg s−1), it does not behave like known Galactic or extragalactic X-ray binaries. The M81 transient radio properties more closely resemble the unidentified radio transient 43.78+59.3 discovered in M82, which has been suggested to be a radio nebula associated with an accreting source similar to SS 433. One possibility is that both the new M81 transient and the M82 transient may be the birth of a short-lived radio bubble associated with a discrete accretion event similar to those observed from the ULX Holmberg II X-1. However, it is not possible to rule out other identifications including long-term supernova shockwave interactions with the surrounding medium from a faint supernova or a background active galaxy.
A broad-band spectro-polarimetric view of the NVSS rotation measure catalogue – II. Effects of off-axis instrumental polarization
Authors: Ma Yik Ki , Mao S A , Stil Jeroen , Basu Aritra , West Jennifer , Heiles Carl , Hill Alex S , Betti S K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) rotation measure (RM) catalogue has enabled numerous studies in cosmic magnetism, and will continue being a unique data set complementing future polarization surveys. Robust comparisons with these new surveys will however require further understandings in the systematic effects present in the NVSS RM catalogue. In this paper, we make careful comparisons between our new on-axis broad-band observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the NVSS RM results for 23 sources. We found that two unpolarized sources were reported as polarized at about 0.5 per cent level in the RM catalogue, and noted significant differences between our newly derived RM values and the catalogue values for the remaining 21 sources. These discrepancies are attributed to off-axis instrumental polarization in the NVSS RM catalogue. By adopting the 0.5 per cent above as the typical off-axis instrumental polarization amplitude, we quantified its effect on the reported RMs with a simulation, and found that on average the RM uncertainties in the catalogue have to be increased by ${\approx } 10\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to account for the off-axis instrumental polarization effect. This effect is more substantial for sources with lower fractional polarization, and is a function of the source’s true RM. Moreover, the distribution of the resulting RM uncertainty is highly non-Gaussian. With the extra RM uncertainty incorporated, we found that the RM values from the two observations for most (18 out of 21) of our polarized targets can be reconciled. The remaining three are interpreted as showing hints of time variabilities in RM.
Interactive web-based visualization and sharing of phylogenetic trees using phylogeny.IO
Authors: Jovanovic Nikola , Mikheyev Alexander S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Traditional static publication formats make visualization, exploration, and sharing of massive phylogenetic trees difficult. A phylogenetic study often involves hundreds of taxa, and the resulting tree has to be split across multiple journal pages, or be shrunk onto one, which jeopardizes legibility. Furthermore, additional data layers, such as species-specific information or time calibrations are often displayed in separate figures, making the entire picture difficult for readers to grasp. Web-based technologies, such as the Data Driven Document (D3) JavaScript library, were created to overcome such challenges by allowing interactive displays of complex data sets. The new phylogeny.IO web server (https://phylogeny.io) overcomes this issue by allowing users to easily import, annotate, and share interactive phylogenetic trees. It allows a range of static (e.g. such as shapes and colors) and dynamic (e.g. pop-up text and images) annotations. Annotated trees can be saved on the server for subsequent modification or they may be shared as IFrame HTML objects, easily embeddable in any web page. The principal goal of phylogeny.IO is not to produce publication-ready figures, but rather to provide a simple and intuitive annotation interface that allows easy and rapid sharing of figures in blogs, lecture notes, press releases, etc.
Comparing Human Amniotic Allograft and Standard Wound Care When Using Total Contact Casting in the Treatment of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Thompson Patricia , Hanson Darlene S. , Langemo Diane , Anderson Julie 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
This prospective, randomized study compared two treatments for diabetic foot ulcers: total contact cast and a skin substitute versus total contact cast and standard wound care.

PARTICIPANTS:
Researchers screened 270 adult outpatients in a Midwestern wound care clinic for inclusion. Adults 18 years or older with type 1 or 2 diabetes and a diabetic foot ulcer located on the plantar surface larger than 0.5 cm2 in area were invited to participate if they had not demonstrated a 50% reduction in wound area following 4 weeks of standard treatment. Thirteen patients were randomized into two intervention groups. The majority of the participants had type 2 diabetes.

INTERVENTIONS:
Group A treatment: total contact cast and a skin substitute (human amniotic allograft); group B treatment: total contact cast and standard wound care.

OUTCOME MEASURES:
Mean ulcer surface area, time to closure, recurrence rates, satisfaction with total contact casting, infection, and hemoglobin A1c were measured.

RESULTS:
The majority of participants experienced wound closure during the course of the study (92.3%). Two participants did not achieve closure, both of whom had Charcot foot. Group A, which had a higher mean hemoglobin A1c at study outset, experienced a longer mean time to closure (29.50 days) compared with group B (26.20 days). The 90-day recurrence rates were different for the two groups, with only one recurrence for group A (14.29%) but five recurring ulcers in group B (83.33%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although significance was not established because of sample size, there was a definite trend toward significance that merits further investigation with human amniotic allograft.
Metformin for Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women With Gestational Diabetes or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Kalafat E. , Sukur Y. E. , Abdi A. , Thilaganathan B. , Khalil A. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;52:706–714)
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity that imposes a substantial burden on the health care system. Metformin has been reported to reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Human Papillomavirus Self-sampling of Screening Non-attenders
Authors: Lam J. U. H. , Elfström K. M. , Ejegod D. M. , Pedersen H. , Rygaard C. , Rebolj M. , Lynge E. , Juul K. E. , Kjær S. K. , Dillner J. , Bonde J. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Br J Cancer 2018;118:138–144)
Denmark has an organized cervical cancer screening program; every 3 years, women aged 23 to 49 years are invited for screening, and every 5 years, women 50 to 65 years of age are invited. The large proportion of invited women who are not screened (nonattenders) is a major challenge in preventing cervical cancer.
Predicting the Likelihood of Live Birth for Elective Oocyte Cryopreservation: A Counseling Tool for Physicians and Patients
Authors: Goldman R. H. , Racowsky C. , Farland L. V. , Munné S. , Ribustello L. , Fox J. H. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2017;32(4):853–859)
Embryo viability decreases as chromosomal abnormalities associated with advancing maternal age increase. Oocyte cryopreservation has increased in popularity as more women have elected to delay childbearing.
Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy: state of the art
Authors: Zhernov Yury , Curin Mirela , Khaitov Musa , Karaulov Alexander , Valenta Rudolf 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of reviewMore than 30 years ago, the first molecular structures of allergens were elucidated and defined recombinant allergens became available. We review the state of the art regarding molecular AIT with the goal to understand why progress in this field has been slow, although there is huge potential for treatment and allergen-specific prevention.Recent findingsOn the basis of allergen structures, several AIT strategies have been developed and were advanced into clinical evaluation. In clinical AIT trials, promising results were obtained with recombinant and synthetic allergen derivatives inducing allergen-specific IgG antibodies, which interfered with allergen recognition by IgE whereas clinical efficacy could not yet be demonstrated for approaches targeting only allergen-specific T-cell responses. Available data suggest that molecular AIT strategies have many advantages over allergen extract-based AIT.SummaryClinical studies indicate that recombinant allergen-based AIT vaccines, which are superior to existing allergen extract-based AIT can be developed for respiratory, food and venom allergy. Allergen-specific preventive strategies based on recombinant allergen-based vaccine approaches and induction of T-cell tolerance are on the horizon and hold promise that allergy can be prevented. However, progress is limited by lack of resources needed for clinical studies, which are necessary for the development of these innovative strategies.
Laparoscopic Transabdominal Cerclage and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes When Left In Situ
Authors: Ades Alex , Hawkins Deborah P. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate obstetric outcomes of subsequent pregnancies in women who had a laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage.

METHODS:
A prospective observational study of consecutive women who became pregnant a second or third time after a laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage. Eligible women were considered not suitable for a transvaginal cerclage or had previously failed a transvaginal cerclage. The primary outcome was neonatal survival and the secondary outcome was delivery at 34 weeks of gestation or more.

RESULTS:
During the study period (2007–2018), 22 women who had undergone a laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage and completed one pregnancy with the cerclage in situ became pregnant a second or third time. In the first pregnancies with the cerclage in situ, the neonatal survival rate was 100% (22/22) and 86% (19/22) of women delivered after 34 weeks of gestation. In the second pregnancies, the neonatal survival rate was 95% (21/22) and 86% (19/22) of women delivered after 34 weeks of gestation. In the third pregnancies, the neonatal survival rate was 100% (3/3) and 100% (3/3) of women delivered after 34 weeks of gestation.

CONCLUSION:
When left in situ for subsequent pregnancies, laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage is associated with a high rate of neonatal survival.
Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity Associated With Early Term Delivery of Large-for-Gestational-Age But Nonmacrosomic Neonates
Authors: Doty Morgen S. , Chen Han-Yang , Sibai Baha M. , Chauhan Suneet P. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether, at 37–39 weeks of gestation, delivery of a neonate with a birth weight that is 90% or greater for gestational age but less than 4,000 g is associated with increased composite maternal and neonatal morbidity.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study used U.S. Vital Statistics datasets for the years 2011–2013. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies delivered at 37–39 weeks of gestation after labor in which the neonates were nonanomalous, and either appropriate for gestational age or large for gestational age (LGA) neonates with birth weights of less than 4,000 g (our threshold for macrosomia). The coprimary outcomes were composite maternal morbidity (any of the following: maternal transfusion, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit, or unplanned procedure) and composite neonatal morbidity (any of the following: Apgar score less than 5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation for more than 6 hours, seizure or serious neurologic dysfunction, significant birth injury or neonatal mortality). Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% CI.

RESULTS:
Among the 3.9 million women who met inclusion criteria, 1.3% delivered neonates who were LGA but nonmacrosomic. The rate of composite maternal morbidity was 53% higher women who delivered nonmacrosomic LGA neonate (6.27 vs 4.09/1,000 live births; aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.56). This increased risk of composite maternal morbidity persisted in analyses stratified by diabetes. The rate of composite neonatal morbidity was 83% higher for nonmacrosomic LGA neonates (11.09 vs 6.07/1,000 live births; aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.35–1.60) and persisted in analyses stratified by diabetes.

CONCLUSION:
At 37–39 weeks of gestation, delivery of a neonate with a birth weight that is 90% or greater for gestational age but less than 4,000 g is associated with increased composite maternal and neonatal morbidity.
An Alternative Surgical Approach to the Jones Fracture
Authors: Dearden Paul M.C. , Ray Robbie I. , Slater Henry K. 
Published: May 2019

Jones fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal have a high reported nonunion rate. In the athletic population these injuries can lead to prolonged periods out of competition and high recurrence rates. In specific individuals, an underlying anatomic variant in the shape of the fifth metatarsal may predispose to the injury or have a high incidence of recurrence. We describe a corrective osteotomy which addresses the underlying predisposing biomechanics and which aids in achieving fracture union and reducing recurrence. The technique is relatively simple, easy to explain, and is reproducible, requiring no specialised instrumentation. The author’s experience demonstrates the technique to be effective in the general population, and in high demand athletic groups without significant or procedure specific complication.
Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV—case series. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Emerging Empirical Science of Wisdom: Definition, Measurement, Neurobiology, Longevity, and Interventions
Authors: Jeste Dilip V. , Lee Ellen E. 
Published: May 2019

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Assess the empirical literature on wisdom
• Evaluate a proposed model of wisdom development

Abstract
This article seeks to provide an overview of the empirical literature on wisdom in terms of its definitions and measurements, possible neurobiological basis, and evolutionary value, as well as changes with aging and potential clinical interventions to enhance components of wisdom. Wisdom may be defined as a complex human trait with several specific components: social decision making, emotion regulation, prosocial behaviors, self-reflection, acceptance of uncertainty, decisiveness, and spirituality. These components appear to be localized primarily to the prefrontal cortex and limbic striatum. Emerging research suggests that wisdom is linked to better overall health, well-being, happiness, life satisfaction, and resilience. Wisdom likely increases with age, facilitating a possible evolutionary role of wise grandparents in promoting the fitness of the species. Despite the loss of their own fertility and physical health, older adults help enhance their children’s well-being, health, longevity, and fertility—the “Grandma Hypothesis” of wisdom. We propose a model of wisdom development that incorporates genetic, environmental, and evolutionary aspects. Wisdom has important implications at both individual and societal levels, and warrants further research as a major contributor to human thriving. There is a need for a greater emphasis on promoting wisdom through our educational systems from elementary to professional schools.