bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Great Gatsbyand Iven Kruse'sDer dritte Bismarck[The Third Bismarck]: The Impact of Spengler'sThe Decline of the Westin Transnational Perspective
Authors: Kruse Horst H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the entirely accidental nature of their juxtaposition—briefly touched upon in the introduction—F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Iven Kruse's The Third Bismarck offer fruitful material for a transnational study of the impact of World War I on fiction in the postwar period as well as of the mood and the temper of the times in Germany and the United States. Both novels were published in 1925 and both describe the lives of veterans as they try to adjust to living in peace-time. In terms of the genesis of each novel, it is the intense encounter of both authors with Oswald Spengler's The Decline of the West that pervades and colors their work, leading Kruse to reject Spengler's teachings, in his novel as well as in newspaper articles, and Fitzgerald to embrace Spengler's views both in his novel and his personal convictions as expressed in interviews and correspondence. As much as the two novels themselves, their compositional histories thus afford an opportunity to probe and assess postwar intellectual trends in each country as well as providing documented case studies of the reception of Spengler's epoch-making work on both sides of the Atlantic.
Daisy's “Advertisement of the Man”: An Evasive Self-Revelation
Authors: Purdon Liam O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDaisy's Chapter 7 reference in The Great Gatsby to the “advertisement of the man,” an evasion in the Buchanans' salon to draw attention away from her previous oblique admission of love for Gatsby, reveals something important about her thinking and character as well as something important about F. Scott Fitzgerald's magazine reading when working on the novel. Not a reference to the illustrated Arrow Collar Man, but rather to an advertising first, an advertisement including the photograph of an actual man, this evasion demonstrates a shrewd maneuver on Fitzgerald's part of appealing to his readership's “Smart Set” while providing a visual consumerist sartorial metaphor of Gatsby's uniqueness of character, the dashing and singular constancy of purpose that attracted Daisy to him in the first place.
The Great Nick: Performing Authorial Masculinity inThe Great Gatsby
Authors: Onderdonk Todd 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines Nick Carraway as an author surrogate who directs critical attention to revisions by F. Scott Fitzgerald of his “authorial masculinity,” a quantity found wanting by critics of his previous works in highly gendered language. Seeking to cultivate critical esteem from advocates of the modernist avant-garde, Fitzgerald created his partially involved narrator to redress criticisms of his lack of manly objectivity and intellectual authority, and his “womanish” romanticism. Nick showcases toughminded authorial traits framed as masculine in the text, distinctly modernist capabilities dramatized through an analytical focus on the value of romanticism itself, personified in Gatsby. Nick performs Fitzgerald's own impersonal mastery of the paradox of “American” romanticism, illusory and fatal, yet a motive force for human endeavor that the novel famously types as a national characteristic. The article suggests how Nick's performance may have been crucial in helping Fitzgerald achieve the critical esteem underlying his current canonicity.
„Provedu! Zde jsem!“ (Vešebt staroegyptského kresliče Parahotepa)
Authors: Vachala Břetislav 
Published: December 2018

Publikace vešebtu (20,4x5,3x3,5 cm) staroegyptského kresliče Parahotepa (obr. 1), známého a váženého člena privilegované komunity kvalifikovaných řemeslníků a umělců v Dér el-Medíně, kteří tesali a zdobili skalní hrobky faraonů a členů jejich rodin v Údolí králů a Údolí královen v období Nové říše (cca 1545-1081 př.n.l.). Parahotepův vešebt z malované pálené hlíny, který byl součástí jeho pohřební výbavy, umožňuje identifikovat zaznamenaný titul a jméno. Kurzivní hieroglyfický text (obr. 2, 3), uspořádaný v 8 řádcích, obsahuje 6. říkadlo Knihy mrtvých. Památku je možné datovat přibližně do doby poloviny vlády Ramesse II. (okolo roku 1260 př. n. l.). Vešebt byl pravděpodobně součástí velké egyptské sbírky barona Franze von Kollera (1767-1826), přičemž ho následně vlastnil český průmyslník Votěch Lanna (1836-1909). Nyní se nachází v soukromé sbírce.
Mysterious Prehistoric Samuel: Homo erectus paleohungaricus in the Context of Anthropogenesis
Authors: Soukup Václav , Mechurová Zdenka 
Published: December 2018

Předmětem studie je analýza kosterních pozůstatků pravěkého hominina, které byly nalezeny před padesáti lety na území dnešního Maďarska a klasifikované jako Homo erectus paleohungaricus. Cílem studie je zasadit objev tohoto hominina do kontextu současných názorů na vývoj archaického Homo sapiens a reinterpretovat jeho evoluční status v souladu s novými poznatky paleoantropologie. Zvláštní pozornost je proto věnována hypotéze, podle níž Homo erectus paleohungaricus představuje lokální variantu druhu Homo heidelbergensis.
Do Teachers Leave Their Ethics at the School Gate? Social Practice Research in a Danish Primary School
Authors: Kristensen Karen-Lis 
Published: December 2018

This study addresses teachers' ethical dilemmas in everyday participation in school structures in a Danish Primary School. It focuses in particular on their relations with 'disturbing children'. The author and four first grade teachers work in a research team, documenting and analysing the teachers’ interactions in the classroom. This paper focuses on the interactions between two of the teachers and one of the students. The research team focuses on the teachers’ struggles with stress and burnout symptoms that they impute to students’ misbehaviour. Through their work together, documenting what happens in the classroom, and then working together in collective biography workshops, the research team reveals the contradictory conditions of teachers’ work. They find that following current guidelines for good classroom management, and accepting without question current discourses on ADHD, places the teachers in a double-bind, with teachers and children in opposition to each other, and both teachers and children being judged and found wanting. The paper seeks new ways of thinking/doing classroom interaction that challenges some of the binds of current management practices.
Late-Talking Children
Authors: Camarata Stephen M. 
Published: December 2018

What parents need to know about the causes and treatment of children's late talking: how to avoid misdiagnoses, navigate the educational system, and more.
When children are late in hitting developmental milestones, parents worry. And no delay causes more parental anxiety than late talking, which is associated in many parents' minds with such serious conditions as autism and severe intellectual disability. In fact, as children's speech expert Stephen Camarata points out in this enlightening book, children are late in beginning to talk for a wide variety of reasons. For some children, late talking may be a symptom of other, more serious, problems; for many others, however, it may simply be a stage with no long-term complications.
Camarata describes in accessible language what science knows about the characteristics and causes of late talking. He explains that late talking is only one of a constellation of autism symptoms. Although all autistic children are late talkers, not all late-talking children are autistic.
Camarata draws on more than twenty-five years of professional experience diagnosing and treating late talkers—and on his personal experience of being a late talker himself and having a late-talking son. He provides information that will help parents navigate the maze of doctors, speech therapists, early childhood services, and special education; and he describes the effect that late talking may have on children's post-talking learning styles.
Coherence in Thought and Action
Authors: Thagard Paul 
Published: December 2018

This book is an essay on how people make sense of each other and the world they live in. Making sense is the activity of fitting something puzzling into a coherent pattern of mental representations that include concepts, beliefs, goals, and actions. Paul Thagard proposes a general theory of coherence as the satisfaction of multiple interacting constraints, and discusses the theory's numerous psychological and philosophical applications. Much of human cognition can be understood in terms of coherence as constraint satisfaction, and many of the central problems of philosophy can be given coherence-based solutions. Thagard shows how coherence can help to unify psychology and philosophy, particularly when addressing questions of epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. He also shows how coherence can integrate cognition and emotion.
Bradford Books imprint
Graphical Models for Machine Learning and Digital Communication
Authors: Frey Brendan J. 
Published: December 2018

A variety of problems in machine learning and digital communication deal with complex but structured natural or artificial systems. In this book, Brendan Frey uses graphical models as an overarching framework to describe and solve problems of pattern classification, unsupervised learning, data compression, and channel coding. Using probabilistic structures such as Bayesian belief networks and Markov random fields, he is able to describe the relationships between random variables in these systems and to apply graph-based inference techniques to develop new algorithms. Among the algorithms described are the wake-sleep algorithm for unsupervised learning, the iterative turbodecoding algorithm (currently the best error-correcting decoding algorithm), the bits-back coding method, the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, and variational inference.
Bradford Books imprint
Mind in Everyday Life and Cognitive Science
Authors: Auyang Sunny Y. 
Published: December 2018

Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers.
Although cognitive science has obtained abundant data on neural and computational processes, it barely explains such ordinary experiences as recognizing faces, feeling pain, or remembering the past. In this book Sunny Auyang tackles what she calls "the large pictures of the human mind," exploring the relevance of cognitive science findings to everyday mental life. Auyang proposes a model of an "open mind emerging from the self-organization of infrastructures," which she opposes to prevalent models that treat mind as a disembodied brain or computer, subject to the control of external agents such as neuroscientists and programmers. Her model consists of three parts: (1) the open mind of our conscious life; (2) mind's infrastructure, the unconscious processes studied by cognitive science; and (3) emergence, the relation between the open mind and its infrastructure.
At the heart of Auyang's model is the mind that opens to the world and makes it intelligible. A person with an open mind feels, thinks, recognizes, believes, doubts, anticipates, fears, speaks, and listens, and is aware of I, together with it and thou. Cognitive scientists refer to the "binding problem," the question of how myriad unconscious processes combine into the unity of consciousness. Auyang approaches the problem from the other end—by starting with everyday experience rather than with the mental infrastructure. In so doing, she shows both how analyses of experiences can help to advance cognitive science and how cognitive science can help us to understand ourselves as autonomous subjects.
Bradford Books imprint
Natural Minds
Authors: Polger Thomas W. 
Published: December 2018

In Natural Minds Thomas Polger advocates, and defends, the philosophical theory that mind equals brain—that sensations are brain processes—and in doing so brings the mind-brain identity theory back into the philosophical debate about consciousness. The version of identity theory that Polger advocates holds that conscious processes, events, states, or properties are type- identical to biological processes, events, states, or properties—a "tough-minded" account that maintains that minds are necessarily identical to brains, a position held by few current identity theorists. Polger's approach to what William James called the "great blooming buzzing confusion" of consciousness begins with the idea that we need to know more about brains in order to understand consciousness fully, but recognizes that biology alone cannot provide the entire explanation. Natural Minds takes on issues from philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and metaphysics, moving freely among them in its discussion.
Polger begins by answering two major objections to identity theory—Hilary Putnam's argument from multiple realizability (which discounts identity theory because creatures with brains unlike ours could also have mental states) and Saul Kripke's modal argument against mind-brain identity (based on the apparent contingency of the identity statement). He then offers a detailed account of functionalism and functional realization, which offer the most serious obstacle to consideration of identity theory. Polger argues that identity theory can itself satisfy the kind of explanatory demands that are often believed to favor functionalism.
Bradford Books imprint
Naturalistic Realism and the Antirealist Challenge
Authors: Khlentzos Drew 
Published: December 2018

In this important book, Drew Khlentzos explains the antirealist argument from a realist perspective. He defends naturalistic realism against the antirealist challenge, and he considers the consequences of his defense for our understanding of realism and truth. Khlentzos argues that the naturalistic realist view that the world exists independently of the mind must take into consideration what he calls the representation problem: if the naturalistic realist view is true, how can mental representation of the world be explained? He examines this major antirealist challenge in detail and shows that many realists have dismissed it because they have not understood its nature. He sees it as a philosophical puzzle: the antirealist challenge, if sound, does not prove that there are no objects that exist independently of the mind, but that there is no rational basis for thinking that there are; we have good reason to believe in the naturalistic view, but (given the antirealist arguments) we have no way of knowing how it could be true. Khlentzos surveys the antirealist arguments of Michael Dummett, Hilary Putnam, and Crispin Wright and suggests a realist answer. He argues for a radically nonepistemic conception of truth, and against pragmatist, intuitionist, verificationist, and pluralist alternatives. He examines and rejects some current versions of physicalism and functionalism, and offers an original version of the correspondence theory of truth.
Bradford Books imprint
Norms of Nature
Authors: Davies Paul Sheldon 
Published: December 2018

The components of living systems strike us as functional-as for the sake of certain ends—and as endowed with specific norms of performance. The mammalian eye, for example, has the function of perceiving and processing light, and possession of this property tempts us to claim that token eyes are supposed to perceive and process light. That is, we tend to evaluate the performance of token eyes against the norm described in the attributed functional property. Hence the norms of nature.
What, then, are the norms of nature? Whence do they arise? Out of what natural properties or relations are they constituted? In Norms of Nature, Paul Sheldon Davies argues against the prevailing view that natural norms are constituted out of some form of historical success—usually success in natural selection. He defends the view that functions are nothing more than effects that contribute to the exercise of some more general systemic capacity. Natural functions exist insofar as the components of natural systems contribute to the exercise of systemic capacities. This is so irrespective of the system's history. Even if the mammalian eye had never been selected for, it would have the function of perceiving and processing light, because those are the effects that contribute to the exercise of the visual system. The systemic approach to conceptualizing natural norms, claims Davies, is superior to the historical approach in several important ways. Especially significant is that it helps us understand how the attribution of functions within the life sciences coheres with the methods and ontology of the natural sciences generally.
Bradford Books imprint
Psychology
Authors: Kimble Gregory A. 
Published: December 2018

At a time in the history of psychology when many psychologists are troubled by the splintered condition of the field, Gregory Kimble proposes that the diverse perspectives in psychology share ways of thinking that can bring coherence to the discipline.
Drawing on years of extensive research and scholarship (including a deep familiarity with the writings of William James and many psychologists who have succeeded him in a search for unity in psychological theorizing), Kimble presents evidence for this potential unity. He portrays psychology as a natural science with relevance to human life and offers a set of axioms that hold the field together.
Psychology is a two-part exploration of the concept of psychology as the science of behavior. The first part describes the traditional commitments of the scientific method and spells out the implications of those commitments for psychology. The second part develops a general theory within a framework that can be called functional behaviorism, which combines the imperative that a science of psychology must be about observable realities with the view that human behavior is the result of evolution. Kimble's proposals are of general significance and have stood the test of time: they were reasonably explicit in the writings of the giants in the history of psychology, and they apply in contexts that range from behavioral neurology to social action.
Bradford Books imprint
Real Natures and Familiar Objects
Authors: Elder Crawford L. 
Published: December 2018

In Real Natures and Familiar Objects Crawford Elder defends, with qualifications, the ontology of common sense. He argues that we exist—that no gloss is necessary for the statement "human beings exist" to show that it is true of the world as it really is—and that we are surrounded by many of the medium-sized objects in which common sense believes. He argues further that these familiar medium-sized objects not only exist, but have essential properties, which we are often able to determine by observation. The starting point of his argument is that ontology should operate under empirical load—that is, it should give special weight to the objects and properties that we treat as real in our best predictions and explanations of what happens in the world. Elder calls this presumption "mildly controversial" because it entails that arguments are needed for certain widely assumed positions such as "mereological universalism" (according to which the sum of randomly assembled objects constitutes an object in its own right).
Elder begins by defending realism about essentialness (arguing that nature's objects have essential properties whose status as essential is mind-independent). He then defends this view of familiar objects against causal exclusion arguments and worries about vagueness. Finally, he argues that many of the objects in which common sense believes really exist, including artifacts and biological devices shaped by natural selection, and that we too exist, as products of natural selection.
Bradford Books imprint
Software Ecosystem
Authors: Messerschmitt David G. , Szyperski Clemens 
Published: December 2018

Software has gone from obscurity to indispensability in less than fifty years. Although other industries have followed a similar trajectory, software and its supporting industry are different. In this book the authors explain, from a variety of perspectives, how software and the software industry are different—technologically, organizationally, and socially.
The growing importance of software requires professionals in all fields to deal with both its technical and social aspects; therefore, users and producers of software need a common vocabulary to discuss software issues. In Software Ecosystem, Messerschmitt and Szyperski address the overlapping and related perspectives of technologists and non-technologists. After an introductory chapter on technology, the book is organized around six points of view: users, and what they need software to accomplish for them; software engineers and developers, who translate the user's needs into program code; managers, who must orchestrate the resources, material and human, to operate the software; industrialists, who organize companies to produce and distribute software; policy experts and lawyers, who must resolve conflicts inside and outside the industry without discouraging growth and innovation; and economists, who offer insights into how the software market works. Each chapter considers not only the issues most relevant to that perspective but also relates those issues to the other perspectives as well. Non-technologists will appreciate the context in which technology is discussed; technical professionals will gain more understanding of the social issues that should be considered in order to make software more useful and successful.
From Web to Workplace
Authors: Grønbaek Kaj , Trigg Randall H. 
Published: December 2018

Kaj Grønbæk and Randall H. Trigg present a set of principles for the design of open hypermedia systems and provide concrete implications of these principles for issues ranging from data structures to architectures and system integration, and for settings as diverse as the World Wide Web and the workplace.
In this book Kaj Grønbæk and Randall H. Trigg present a set of principles for the design of open hypermedia systems and provide concrete implications of these principles for issues ranging from data structures to architectures and system integration, and for settings as diverse as the World Wide Web and the workplace.The principles, which cover both hypermedia system processing and data structures, reflect results from decades of hypermedia research, including the popular Dexter hypertext reference model and the authors own extended object-oriented version of the Dexter model. One important principle is the notion of links as first-class objects outside the data. Emerging systems such as HyperWave, Microcosm, and Devise Hypermedia apply this principle to extend the capabilities of the Web. The authors also discuss the management of incomplete and dangling links, time-based media including video and sound, support for collaboration and shared hypermedia structures, worldwide distribution, and integration of third-party applications in open hypermedia systems.