bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Moso Bamboo Drought-Induced 19 Protein, PeDi19-4, Enhanced Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants via the ABA-Dependent Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Min , Cai Ronghao , Liu Huanlong , Li Fei , Zhao Yang , Xiang Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHere, 10 drought-induced 19 (Di19) proteins from Phyllostachys edulis were analyzed and an important stress-related candidate gene (PeDi19-4) was isolated based on analysis of phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles. PeDi19-4 is a nuclear localization protein that can bind the conserved TACA(A/G)T sequence, as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EMSA). PeDi19-4 has no transcriptional activity in yeast but functions as a transcription activator in plants. Overexpression of PeDi19-4 in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced drought and salt tolerance as determined through phenotypic analysis and the use of stress-associated physiological indicators. PeDi19-4 transgenic plants showed increased sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and early seedling growth. Additionally, transgenic rice accumulated more ABA than wild-type plants under drought and salt stress conditions. Moreover, the stomata of PeDi19-4-overexpressing plants changed significantly with ABA treatment. RNA sequencing revealed that PeDi19-4 regulated the expression of a wide spectrum of stress-/ABA-responsive differentially expressed genes. The stress-responsive genes (OsZFP252 and OsNAC6) and ABA-responsive genes (OsBZ8 and OsbZIP23) were direct targets of PeDi19-4. Our research indicated that PeDi19-4 enhanced drought and salt tolerance in plants via the ABA-dependent signaling pathway.
MIND, Anti-Psychiatry, and the Case of the Mental Hygiene Movement’s ‘Discursive Transformation’
Authors: Toms Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Summary
During the 1970s the National Association for Mental Health (NAMH) re-labelled itself MIND, becoming a rights-based organisation, critiquing psychiatry and emphasising patients’ citizenship. Its transformation has been coloured by attributions of the influence of anti-psychiatry. This article argues that the relevance of anti-psychiatry has been over-simplified. It examines MIND’s history as part of the psychiatric strategy known as mental hygiene. This movement’s agenda can be understood as paradigmatic of much that anti-psychiatry renounced. However, building on the sociologist Nick Crossley’s description of the interactional nature of Social Movement Organisations in the psychiatric field, this article shows that a ‘discursive transformation’ can be deduced in core elements of mental hygienist thinking. This transformation of discourse clearly prefigured important elements of anti-psychiatry, and also fed into MIND’s rights approach. But it must be appreciated on its own terms. Its distinctiveness under MIND is shown in its application to people with learning disabilities.
Advances in site-specific gene editing for primary immune deficiencies
Authors: Kuo Caroline Y. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Conventional gene therapy has been a successful, curative treatment modality for many primary immune deficiencies with significant improvements in the last decade. However, the risk of leukemic transformation with viral-mediated gene addition still remains, and unregulated gene addition is not an option for certain diseases in which the target gene is closely controlled. The recent bloom in genome modification platforms has created the opportunity to site-specifically correct mutated DNA base pairs or insert a corrective cDNA minigene while maintaining gene expression under control of endogenous regulatory elements.

Recent findings
There is an abundance of ongoing research utilizing programmable nucleases to facilitate site-specific gene correction of many primary immune deficiencies including X-linked severe combined immune deficiency, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked. In all, these studies have demonstrated the ability to integrate corrective DNA sequences at a precise location in the genome at rates likely to either cure or ameliorate disease.

Summary
Gene editing for primary immune deficiency (PID) has advanced to the point to that translation to clinical trials is likely to occur in the next several years. At the current pace of research in DNA repair mechanisms, stem cell biology, and genome-editing technology, targeted genome modification represents the next chapter of gene therapy for PID.
Very early onset IBD: novel genetic aetiologies
Authors: Batura Vritika , Muise Aleixo M. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize the current understanding and recent advances on the genetic aetiology in the pathogenesis of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD).

Recent findings
IBD is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract whose manifestation is a result of complex interactions between genetics, environment, immune system and microbial flora. Over 230 IBD risk loci have been reported in genome wide association studies but the genetic contribution of the majority of these loci in the manifestation of IBD is very low. Patients with VEO-IBD present with a more severe disease than older patients, characterized by poor prognosis and failure of conventional therapy. Recent studies have reported several monogenic diseases with high penetrance that present with IBD and IBD-like intestinal manifestations and overlap with primary immunodeficiencies. Increasing body of evidence supports a prominent role of genetics in the onset of VEO-IBD. New genetic variants and diagnoses in VEO-IBD are reviewed and current challenges in therapy with potential strategy to manage the disease are discussed.

Summary
Functional analysis of the genes implicated in monogenic IBD has increased the understanding of the underlying pathobiological mechanism of the disease. This knowledge can be used to personalize medicine for specific patients, improving the standard of care and quality of life.
Delay in Hip Fracture Surgery Prolongs Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay but Does Not Adversely Affect Outcomes at 30 Days
Authors: Mitchell Sean M. , Chung Andrew S. , Walker Joseph B. , Hustedt Joshua W. , Russell George V. , Jones Clifford B. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To evaluate the association between the timing of hip fracture surgery with postoperative length of stay and outcomes.

Design:
Retrospective review using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Setting:
National inquiry database incorporating 140 academic and private medical centers.

Patients:
Seventeen thousand four hundred fifty-nine patients who underwent surgery for a hip fracture between 2006 and 2013 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Intervention:
Surgical management of hip fractures was performed at the discretion of participating surgeons.

Outcome Measure:
Thirty-day outcomes including postoperative length of stay, readmission rates, reoperation rates, complications, and mortality rates.

Results:
Of the 17,459 patients, 4107 (23.5%) were operated on within 24 hours, 8740 (50.1%) within 24–48 hours, and 4612 (26.4%) more than 48 hours after hospital admission. Increased time to surgery was associated with longer postoperative hospital length of stay. Prolonged time to surgery did not adversely affect postoperative outcomes.

Conclusions:
Although a delay in the management of hip fractures is associated with an increase in postoperative hospital length of stay, 30-day postoperative outcomes are not adversely affected in patients undergoing hip fracture fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Far Cortical Locking Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures is Dominated by Shear at Clinically Relevant Bridge Spans
Authors: Habet Nahir , Elkins Jacob , Peindl Richard , Killen Cameron , Lack William D. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Far cortical locking (FCL) constructs have been shown to increase axial interfragmentary displacement while limiting shear and have been specifically recommended in the treatment of distal femur fractures. However, there is no available data regarding their mechanical behavior within the range of bridge spans typically used for comminuted distal femur fractures. This biomechanical study of distal femur locked plate fixation assessed 4 methods of diaphyseal fixation for associated axial and shear displacement at bridge spans typically used in clinical practice.

Methods:
Distal femur locking plates were used to bridge simulated fractures in femur surrogates with 4 different methods of diaphyseal fixation (bicortical locking, bicortical nonlocking, near cortical locking, and FCL). Axial and shear displacement were assessed at 5 different bridge spans for each fixation method.

Results:
Diaphyseal fixation type was associated with the amount of shear (P = 0.04), but not the amount of axial displacement (P = 0.39). Specifically, FCL constructs demonstrated greater shear than bicortical locking (median 4.57 vs. 2.94 mm, P = 0.02) and bicortical nonlocking (median 4.57 vs. 3.41 mm, P = 0.02) constructs.

Conclusions:
Unexpectedly, FCL constructs demonstrated greater shear than bicortical locking and nonlocking constructs and similar axial displacement for all fixation methods. Bridge span had a dominant effect on displacement that interacted negatively with more flexible FCL diaphyseal fixation. Potentially interactive construct features are best studied in concert. Given the complexity of these relationships, computational modeling will likely play an integral role in future mechanotransduction research.
Pelvic floor disorders in women with gynecologic malignancy
Authors: Hall Evelyn , Robison Katina , Wohlrab Kyle 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
This article serves as an update on issues relating to the intersection of pelvic floor disorders and gynecology oncology.

Recent findings
Gynecologic cancer survivors experience pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) at a higher rate than their age-matched peers, often because of shared risk factors and as sequelae of cancer treatment. Concomitant pelvic floor and oncologic surgery can serve as a method to promote quality of life. Studies have demonstrated concomitant surgery to be well tolerated in appropriately selected patients, but only about 2% of oncologic surgeries are coordinated to include the treatment of PFDs. Conversely, women undergoing surgery for PFD have a low, but real risk of occult malignancy. Therefore, preoperative counseling is warranted in select populations. This article will discuss the management of concurrent PFDs and gynecologic malignancies.

Summary
Healthcare providers should be familiar with screening, management and referral of women with pelvic floor disorders in the gynecologic oncology population.
Ergonomics in gynecologic surgery
Authors: Catanzarite Tatiana , Tan-Kim Jasmine , Menefee Shawn Adam 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent among surgeons and result in significant disability. We aimed to review the English-language literature regarding ergonomic risk, prevalence of WMSDs, and unique ergonomic considerations of gynecologic surgery.

Recent findings
Surgeon WMSDs are prevalent, with rates ranging from 66 to 94% for open surgery, 73–100% for conventional laparoscopy, 54–87% for vaginal surgery, and 23–80% for robotic-assisted surgery. Risk factors for injury in open surgery include use of loupes, headlamps, and microscopes. Unique risks in laparoscopic surgery include table and monitor position, long-shafted instruments, and poor instrument handle design. In vaginal surgery, improper table height and twisted trunk position create injury risk. Although robotic surgery offers some advantages in neck and shoulder strain, it remains associated with trunk, wrist, and finger strain.

Summary
WMSDs are prevalent among surgeons but have received little attention because of under-reporting of injury and logistical constraints of studying surgical ergonomics. Future research must aim to develop objective surgical ergonomics instruments and guidelines and to correlate ergonomics assessments with pain and tissue-level damage in surgeons with WMSDs. Ergonomics training should be developed and implemented in order to protect surgeons from preventable, potentially career-altering injuries.
Respiratory Microbiota Predicts Clinical Disease Course of Acute Otorrhea in Children With Tympanostomy Tubes
Authors: Man Wing Ho , van Dongen Thijs M.A. , Venekamp Roderick P. , Pluimakers Vincent G. , Chu Mei Ling J.N. , van Houten Marlies A. , Sanders Elisabeth A.M. , Schilder Anne G. M. , Bogaert Debby 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood infections, generally thought to be caused by ascension of bacteria from the nasopharynx (NP) to the middle ear. Using 16S ribosomal RNA–based sequencing, we evaluated the relationship between the NP and middle ear fluid (MEF) microbiota in children with AOM with tympanostomy tubes (AOMT) as a proxy for AOM and explored whether microbiota profiling predicts natural disease course.

Methods:
Microbiota profiles of paired NP and MEF samples of 94 children below 5 years of age with uncomplicated AOMT were determined.

Results:
Local diversity (P < 0.001) and overall microbiota composition (P < 0.001) of NP and MEF samples differed significantly, although paired NP and MEF samples were much more similar than unpaired samples (P < 0.001). High qualitative agreement between the presence of individual bacteria in both niches was observed. Abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Turicella otitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp. were strongly correlated between the 2 niches. Additionally, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, T. otitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae abundance in NP were predictive of the presence of a range of oral types of bacteria in MEF. Interestingly, there was no association between Moraxella catarrhalis in NP and MEF samples, which was highly present in NP but virtually absent in MEF. Finally, the NP microbiota composition could predict duration of AOMT, even better than MEF microbiota.

Conclusions:
We observed substantial correlations between paired NP and MEF microbiota in children with AOMT. Our data also suggest that NP microbiota profiling deserves further exploration as tool for future treatment decisions.
Recognition of Insufficient Competence—Nurses’ Experiences in Direct Involvement With Adolescent Children of Cancer Patients
Authors: Tafjord Trine 
Published: October 2018

Background
A parent’s cancer may have disruptive impact on his/her adolescent children. Currently, nurses have been regarded as central actors in direct involvement with patients’ minor children. Development of an extended nursing role has become a pertinent issue.

Objective
Adolescents’ needs tend to be overlooked by nurses because of inexperience with this population. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of direct involvement with these adolescents, to get a deeper understanding about this phenomenon.

Methods
Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 12 interviews were conducted among Norwegian nurses within the cancer care context. The category insufficient competence was explored through analyzing participants’ experiences of direct involvements with adolescents.

Results
The recognition of insufficient competence became visible as nurses experienced being involved with a population about whom they held inadequate and limited knowledge. Adolescents were perceived as unpredictable and rejecting nurses’ approaches. Consequently, nurses feared involvement and experienced failing on their assignments. After completing more or less failed attempts to establish good relationships with adolescents, the nurses request for more knowledge and experience in order to support this group.

Conclusions
Nurses are recognizing insufficient competence in direct involvement with adolescents, which calls for extended competence. Because nurses are not the only responsible actors performing in this field, building competence requires a broadened attention at both an individual and organizational level, across several healthcare disciplines, as well as through user participation.

Implications for Practice
Competence building should be considered in light of organizational frameworks, collective learning possibilities across disciplines, and opportunities for involving adolescents/young adults as user participants.
Does the Oral Administration of Ginger Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting?
Authors: Chang Wen P. , Peng Yu X. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Preclinical tests in animals have shown that ginger extract can be used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV); however, research findings in clinical trials have not been conclusive.

Objective
Through this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether ginger could be used to treat CINV, which was interpreted using the PICOS (patient, problem/population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study) framework, with P being patients who underwent chemotherapy; I being 0.5 to 2.0 g/d of Zingiberaceae, Zintoma, dry ginger, ginger capsules, powdered ginger root, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, ginger extract, powdered ginger, 6-gingerol, or shogalos; C being placebo or standard care; and O being the relief, reduction, or improvement of CINV.

Method
Via systematic literature review, we searched for studies in English from 2000 to 2017 in databases. We conducted a meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2 on a total of 10 studies with complete data.

Results
The odds ratio (OR) of ginger in controlling CINV was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.94; P = .015). Heterogeneity existed among the samples; therefore, we proceeded with a subgroup analysis and divided nausea and vomiting into acute or delayed. The results revealed that ginger could only reduce acute CINV in patients (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42–0.86; P = .006), particularly acute vomiting (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.94; P = .025).

Conclusions
Ginger displayed significant efficacy with regard to controlling CINV in the experimental groups.

Implications for Practice
Our results could provide a reference for antiemetic methods to treat CINV and facilitate support for more clinical trials in the future to establish relevant guidelines.
Daily Stress Processes as Contributors to and Targets for Promoting Cognitive Health in Later Life
Authors: Stawski Robert S. , Cerino Eric S. , Witzel Dakota D. , MacDonald Stuart W.S. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that daily stress processes, including exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors, are associated with response time inconsistency (RTI), an indicator of processing efficiency and cognitive health. Furthermore, we considered daily stress–cognitive health associations at the level of individual differences and within-persons over time.

Methods
Participants were 111 older adults (mean = 80 years, range = 66–95 years) enrolled in a measurement burst study where assessments of response time–based cognitive performance, stressful experiences, and affect were administered on each of 6 days for a 2-week period. This protocol was repeated every 6 months for 2.5 years. Multilevel modeling was used to examine frequency of stressor exposure, nonstressor affect, and affect reactivity to daily stressors as individual difference and time-varying predictors of RTI.

Results
Between-persons, higher levels of nonstressor negative affect (b = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.01 to 0.83, p = .055) and negative affect reactivity (b = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.42, p = .012) were associated with greater RTI. Within-persons over time, higher levels of negative affect (b = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.34, p = .006) and negative affect reactivity (b = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.24, p = .018) were associated with increased RTI among the oldest portion of the sample, whereas higher levels of positive affect (b = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.21 to −0.02, p = .019) were associated with reduced RTI.

Conclusions
Negative affect reactions to daily stressors are associated with compromised RTI both between and within-persons. Findings suggest that emotional reactions to daily stressors contribute to compromise older adults' cognitive health, whereas increased positive affect may be beneficial.
How to optimize antibiotic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics for Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients
Authors: Heffernan Aaron J. , Sime Fekade B. , Taccone Fabio S. , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Optimized antibiotic dosing regimens improve survival rates in critically ill patients. However, dose optimization is challenging because of fluctuating antibiotic pharmacokinetics both between patients and within a single patient. This study reviews the pharmacokinetic changes that occur in critically ill patients, along with the pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics of antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections to formulate a recommendation for antibiotic dosing at the bedside.

Recent findings
Recent studies highlight that critically ill patients do not achieve therapeutic antibiotic exposures with standard antibiotic dosing. Although dose increases are required, the method of administration, such as the use of β-lactam antibiotic continuous infusions and nebulized aminoglycoside administration, may improve efficacy and limit toxicity. In addition, the increased availability of therapeutic drug monitoring and antibiotic dosing software allow the formulation of individualized dosing regimens at the bedside.

Summary
When prescribing antibiotic doses, the clinician should consider antibiotic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. Before initiating high-dose antibiotic therapy, therapeutic drug monitoring may be considered to assist the clinician to optimize antibiotic treatment and minimize potential toxicity.
Combination versus monotherapy for the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Carrara Elena , Bragantini Damiano , Tacconelli Evelina 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Combination therapy is a common strategy for treatment of multidrug resistant infections. Despite the strong twin rationales of improving efficacy and reducing resistance development, the evidence supporting this strategy remains controversial. The aims of this review are to assess the most recent studies supporting the use of combination therapy for treating infections because of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and to highlight relevant areas for further research.

Recent findings
Evidence supporting the use of combination therapy for the treatment of CRE remains limited to in-vitro experiments and observational studies with considerable risk of bias. Very few antibiotic combinations have been tested in well designed randomized controlled trials, making it difficult to draw general conclusions for clinical practice.

Summary
Further studies are urgently needed to test the most promising synergistic combinations. New drugs potentially active against CRE should also to be tested in studies with adequate sample size and truly representative of the general patient population.