bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a case of Cat eye syndrome
Authors: Alsat Ebru Aileen , Reutter Heiko , Bagci Soyhan , Kipfmueller Florian , Engels Hartmut , Raff Ruth , Mangold Elisabeth , Gembruch Ulrich , Geipel Annegret , Müller Andreas , Schaible Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageOur findings extend the phenotypic spectrum of Cat eye syndrome, a disorder with wide clinical variability. The potentially life‐threatening complications of congenital diaphragmatic hernia should be considered in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic.
Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation with factor X deficiency—A management dilemma
Authors: Tan Jian Liang , Loh Kah Poh , Fortuna Danielle , Ghaneie Arezoo 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageFactor X (FX) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder. There is currently no clear guideline or recommendation for the appropriate selection of anticoagulation and management of patients with FX deficiency who require anticoagulation. We shared our experience in managing such patient, and we further discussed other possible treatment options.
Recent Progress in Flexible Fibrous Batteries
Authors: Xi Zhaowei , Zhang Xiang , Ma Yuansheng , Zhou Cui , Yang Jing , Wu Yiqiang , Li Xianjun , Luo Yongfeng , Chen Daoyong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlexible fibrous batteries have attracted unprecedented attention, owing to the development of wearable electronic devices, which have the advantages of flexibility, weavability, and miniaturization compared with conventional bulky batteries. In this Minireview, we summarize the latest developments in flexible fibrous batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and so forth. We also discuss the future directions and challenges of flexible fibrous batteries.
Selective Gold‐Catalysed Synthesis of Cyanamides and 1‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazol‐5‐Amines from Isocyanides
Authors: Škoch Karel , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe newly discovered gold‐catalysed reaction of isocyanides with hydrazoic acid generated in situ from trimethylsilyl azide and methanol (or, alternatively, from NaN3/AcOH) produces either cyanamides or 1‐substituted 1H‐tetrazol‐5‐amines, depending on the amount of available HN3. The reaction proceeds selectively and in generally high yields of either product, thus providing a particularly convenient access to a wide range of substituted 1H‐tetrazol‐5‐amines that are rather difficult to access otherwise.
Investigation on Improving ADP Crystals’ Thermal Stability for Noncritical Phase‐Matching Fourth Harmonic Generation Application
Authors: Wang Zongqi , Teng Bing , Hu Chen , Gao Han , Liu Hong , Zhong Degao , Tang Jie , Ji Shaohua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAmmonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals have higher fourth harmonic generation (FHG) efficiency than deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals, because of the higher nonlinear optical coefficient. However, the narrower full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) temperature bandwidth and poor thermal stability limited the application in the noncritical phase‐matching (NCPM) FHG. In this article, ADP and a series of deuterated ADP (DADP) crystals are grown through point‐seed rapid growth method to investigate a feasible experimental condition on improving ADP crystals' thermal stability for NCPM FHG application. The deuterium doping experiment results indicate that the 60% DADP crystal could accommodate more laser‐induced heat capacity during FHG processing and could achieve higher FHG output, but with poor thermal stability. Therefore, 60% DADP crystal's FHG stability measured by air indirect heating method. About 7% more stable FHG output is obtained than direct heating by copper, which is more suitable for FHG stability of ADP/DADP crystals.
Time‐lapse cameras reveal latitude and season influence breeding phenology durations in penguins
Authors: Black Caitlin , Collen Ben , Lunn Daniel , Filby Dick , Winnard Stephanie , Hart Tom 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVariation in the phenology of avian taxa has long been studied to understand how a species reacts to environmental changes over both space and time. Penguins (Sphenicidae) serve as an important example of how biotic and abiotic factors influence certain stages of seabird phenology because of their large ranges and the extreme, dynamic conditions present in their Southern Ocean habitats. Here, we examined the phenology of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 17 sites across the Scotia arc, including the first documented monitoring of phenology on the South Sandwich Islands, to determine which breeding phases are intrinsic, or rather vary across a species range and between years. We used a novel method to measure seabird breeding phenology and egg and chick survival: time‐lapse cameras. Contrary to the long‐standing theory that these phases are consistent between colonies, we found that latitude and season had a predominant influence on the length of the nest establishment, incubation, and guard durations. We observe a trend toward longer incubation times occurring farther south, where ambient temperatures are colder, which may indicate that exposure to cold slows embryo growth. Across species, in colonies located farther south, parents abandoned nests later when eggs were lost or chicks died and the latest record of eggs or chicks in the nest occurred earlier during the breeding period. The variation in both space and time observed in penguin phenology provides evidence that the duration of phases within the annual cycle of birds is not fundamental, or genetic, as previously understood. Additionally, the recorded phenology dates should inform field researchers on the best timing to count colonies at the peak of breeding, which is poorly understood.
Predicting the potential geographical distribution of parasitic natural enemies of the Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin) using geographic information systems
Authors: Al‐Kindi Khalifa M. , Al‐Wahaibi Ali K. , Kwan Paul , Andrew Nigel R. , Welch Mitchell , Al‐Oufi Mohammed , Al‐Hinai Zakariya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin) is a pest species whose entire life cycle occurs on date palms, Phoenix dactylifera L, causing serious damage and reducing date palm growth and yield. Pseudoligosita babylonica Viggiani, Aprostocetus nr. Beatus, and Bocchus hyalinus Olmi are very important parasitic natural enemies of Ommatissus lybicus in northern Oman. In this study, random farms were selected to (a) model the link between occurrences of the Pseudoligosita babylonica, Aprostocetus nr beatus, and Bocchus hyalinus (dependent variables) with environmental, climatological, and Dubas bug infestation levels (the independent variables), and (b) produce distribution and predictive maps of these natural enemies in northern Oman. The multiple R2 values showed the model explained 63%, 89%, and 94% of the presence of P. babylonica, A. nr beatus, and Bocchus hyalinus, respectively. However, the distribution of each species appears to be influenced by distinct and geographically associated climatological and environmental factors, as well as habitat characteristics. This study reveals that spatial analysis and modeling can be highly useful for studying the distribution, the presence or absence of Dubas bugs, and their natural enemies. It is anticipated to help contribute to the reduction in the extent and costs of aerial and ground insecticidal spraying needed in date palm plantations.
Grazing effect on grasslands escalated by abnormal precipitations in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liang Maowei , Chen Jiquan , Gornish Elise S. , Bai Xue , Li Zhiyong , Liang Cunzhu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGrazing effects on arid and semi‐arid grasslands can be constrained by aridity. Plant functional groups (PFGs) are the most basic component of community structure (CS) and biodiversity & ecosystem function (BEF). They have been suggested as identity‐dependent in quantifying the response to grazing intensity and drought severity. Here, we examine how the relationships among PFGs, CS, BEF, and grazing intensity are driven by climatic drought. We conducted a manipulative experiment with three grazing intensities in 2012 (nondrought year) and 2013 (drought year). We classified 62 herbaceous plants into four functional groups based on their life forms. We used the relative species abundance of PFGs to quantify the effects of grazing and drought, and to explore the mechanisms for the pathway correlations using structural equation models (SEM) among PFGs, CS, and BEF directly or indirectly. Grazers consistently favored the perennial forbs (e.g., palatable or nutritious plants), decreasing the plants’ relative abundance by 23%–38%. Drought decreased the relative abundance of ephemeral plants by 42 ± 13%; and increased perennial forbs by 20 ± 7% and graminoids by 80 ± 31%. SEM confirmed that annuals and biennials had negative correlations with the other three PFGs, with perennial bunchgrasses facilitated by perennial rhizome grass. Moreover, the contributions of grazing to community structure (i.e., canopy height) were 1.6–6.1 times those from drought, whereas drought effect on community species richness was 3.6 times of the grazing treatment. Lastly, the interactive effects of grazing and drought on BEF were greater than either alone; particularly, drought escalated grazing damage on primary production. Synthesis. The responses of PFGs, CS, and BEF to grazing and drought were identity‐dependent, suggesting that grazing and drought regulation of plant functional groups might be a way to shape ecosystem structure and function in grasslands.
Sibling rivalry: Males with more brothers develop larger testes
Authors: Fisher Heidi S. , Hook Kristin A. , Weber W. David , Hoekstra Hopi E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhen females mate with multiple partners in a reproductive cycle, the relative number of competing sperm from rival males is often the most critical factor in determining paternity. Gamete production is directly related to testis size in most species, and is associated with both mating behavior and perceived risk of competition. Deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, are naturally promiscuous and males invest significantly more in sperm production than males of P. polionotus, their monogamous sister‐species. Here, we show that the larger testes in P. maniculatus are retained after decades of enforced monogamy in captivity. While these results suggest that differences in sperm production between species with divergent evolutionary histories can be maintained in captivity, we also show that the early rearing environment of males can strongly influence their testis size as adults. Using a second‐generation hybrid population to increase variation within the population, we show that males reared in litters with more brothers develop larger testes as adults. Importantly, this difference in testis size is also associated with increased fertility. Together, our findings suggest that sperm production may be both broadly shaped by natural selection over evolutionary timescales and also finely tuned during early development.
Linking microbial co‐occurrences to soil ecological processes across a woodland‐grassland ecotone
Authors: Banerjee Samiran , Thrall Peter H. , Bissett Andrew , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Richardson Alan E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcotones between distinct ecosystems have been the focus of many studies as they offer valuable insights into key drivers of community structure and ecological processes that underpin function. While previous studies have examined a wide range of above‐ground parameters in ecotones, soil microbial communities have received little attention. Here we investigated spatial patterns, composition, and co‐occurrences of archaea, bacteria, and fungi, and their relationships with soil ecological processes across a woodland‐grassland ecotone. Geostatistical kriging and network analysis revealed that the community structure and spatial patterns of soil microbiota varied considerably between three habitat components across the ecotone. Woodland samples had significantly higher diversity of archaea while the grassland samples had significantly higher diversity of bacteria. Microbial co‐occurrences reflected differences in soil properties and ecological processes. While microbial networks were dominated by bacterial nodes, different ecological processes were linked to specific microbial guilds. For example, soil phosphorus and phosphatase activity formed the largest clusters in their respective networks, and two lignolytic enzymes formed joined clusters. Bacterial ammonia oxidizers were dominant over archaeal oxidizers and showed a significant association (p < 0.001) with potential nitrification (PNR), with thePNRsubnetwork being dominated byBetaproteobacteria. The top ten keystone taxa comprised six bacterial and four fungalOTUs, with Random Forest Analysis revealing soil carbon and nitrogen as the determinants of the abundance of keystone taxa. Our results highlight the importance of assessing interkingdom associations in soil microbial networks. Overall, this study shows how ecotones can be used as a model to delineate microbial structural patterns and ecological processes across adjoining land‐uses within a landscape.
Multiple stages of tree seedling recruitment are altered in tropical forests degraded by selective logging
Authors: Pillay Rajeev , Hua Fangyuan , Loiselle Bette A. , Bernard Henry , Fletcher Robert J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTropical forest degradation is a global environmental issue. In degraded forests, seedling recruitment of canopy trees is vital for forest regeneration and recovery. We investigated how selective logging, a pervasive driver of tropical forest degradation, impacts canopy tree seedling recruitment, focusing on an endemic dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata in Sabah, Borneo. During a mast‐fruiting event in intensively logged and nearby unlogged forest, we examined four stages of the seedling recruitment process: seed production, seed predation, and negative density‐dependent germination and seedling survival. Our results suggest that each stage of the seedling recruitment process is altered in logged forest. The seed crop of D. lanceolata trees in logged forest was one‐third smaller than that produced by trees in unlogged forest. The functional role of vertebrates in seed predation increased in logged forest while that of non‐vertebrates declined. Seeds in logged forest were less likely to germinate than those in unlogged forest. Germination increased with local‐scale conspecific seed density in unlogged forest, but seedling survival tended to decline. However, both germination and seedling survival increased with local‐scale conspecific seed density in logged forest. Notably, seed crop size, germination, and seedling survival tended to increase for larger trees in both unlogged and logged forests, suggesting that sustainable timber extraction and silvicultural practices designed to minimize damage to the residual stand are important to prevent seedling recruitment failure. Overall, these impacts sustained by several aspects of seedling recruitment in a mast‐fruiting year suggest that intensive selective logging may affect long‐term population dynamics of D. lanceolata. It is necessary to establish if other dipterocarp species, many of which are threatened by the timber trade, are similarly affected in tropical forests degraded by intensive selective logging.
Fire and plant invasion, but not rodents, alter ant community abundance and diversity in a semi‐arid desert
Authors: Day Joshua D. , Bishop Tara B. B. , St. Clair Samuel B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman activities are increasing the size, frequency, and severity of disturbance across earth's ecosystems including deserts. Ants are important drivers of ecosystem function and are good bioindicators of ecosystem sensitivity to disturbance and change. Rodents also play an important role in ecosystem response to disturbance and often compete with ants for resources. The purpose of our study was to test the main and interactive effects of fire, rodent activity, and time on ant forager abundance, species richness, and diversity, as well as changes in ant mound density and disk area in the Great Basin Desert. We experimentally applied burn and rodent exclusion treatments and used pitfall traps to collect ants each month from April through October from 2014 to 2016. Over the three‐year period, burned areas had lower richness and diversity than unburned areas. Rodent exclusion had minimal effects on the ant community, and there was not a significant rodent exclusion interaction with fire. Treatment effects varied by month and year. The western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, was the most abundant ant species, comprising about 70% of the total ants captured. Shifts in ant diversity following fire were driven by positive responses of harvester ants to burned habitat conditions. In contrast, all other ant species when analyzed together had lower forager abundance in burned plots, which drove lower ant diversity in burned plots. Ant forager abundance, richness, and diversity increased each year of the study in all plots; however, richness and diversity remained lower in burned areas than in unburned areas each year. Structural equation modeling shows that the effects of fire on ant community diversity are partially mediated through the plant community. While rodents affected the plant community, those effects do not seem to transfer over to the ant community. Pogonomyrmex occidentalis mound density was higher in burned areas, but disk area was smaller. Our results suggest that fire has adverse effects on ant community diversity. This could have long‐lasting effects on ecosystem function in the face of a changing fire regime in deserts of North America caused by invasive annual plants.
DC to single‐phase AC grid connected inverter with boost‐type active buffer circuit operated in discontinuous current mode
Authors: Itoh Jun‐ichi , Sakuraba Tomokazu , Le Hoai Nam , Watanabe Hiroki , Kusaka Keisuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel circuit topology for a single‐phase inverter with a power decoupling capability operated in discontinuous current mode (DCM) is proposed in this paper. An inverter connected to a single‐phase grid requires a power decoupling capability to compensate for a power ripple with twice the grid frequency. Bulky capacitors are used as DC‐link capacitors in conventional systems. In contrast, the proposed circuit topology can use ceramic capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors by reducing the required capacitance based on the active buffer concept. Moreover, this active buffer requires no additional inductor because it uses DCM for the power decoupling capability. In this paper, a control method for the active buffer circuit operated in DCM is introduced. An experimental verification of a 1‐kW prototype shows that the proposed circuit reduces the input current ripple at twice the grid frequency by 96.8%, with a maximum efficiency of 95.2%. In addition, the Pareto optimization of power density and efficiency is used to clarify the maximum power density points. It is found that the maximum power density of the proposed circuit is 1.6 times higher than that of a conventional boost‐type active buffer.
A microchip electrophoretic assay for DNA methyltransferase activity based on methylation‐sensitive endonuclease DpnⅡ
Authors: Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Zhu Luqi , He Pingang , Wang Qingjiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA methylation is a significant epigenetic modification and the methods for the detection of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity are important due to aberrant methylation closely related to the occurrence of cancer. In this study, a simple and rapid microchip electrophoresis (ME) coupled with LED‐induced fluorescence (LEDIF) method was presented for the detection of Dam MTase activity. This strategy was based on methylation‐sensitive endonuclease DpnⅡ which could recognize the same specific site 5′‐GATC‐3′ with Dam MTase in double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). The adenines in the specific site could be methylated by Dam MTase, then the special site could not be digested by DpnⅡ. Both methylated dsDNA and unmethylated dsDNA could be analyzed by ME‐LEDIF after stained by SYBR gold. The results showed the fluorescence intensities of methylated dsDNA were directly proportional to Dam MTase activities in the range of 0.5–20 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.12 U/mL. Furthermore, the method could successfully be applied to evaluation experiments of Dam MTase inhibitors. The results confirmed the ME‐LEDIF method is a promising approach for inhibitors screening of DNA MTase and development of anticancer drugs
An amphibian with a contracting range is not more vulnerable to pesticides in outdoor experimental communities than common species
Authors: Boone Michelle D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In areas with heavy pesticide use, it is easy to attribute population declines to environmental contamination. The Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi) is an amphibian experiencing declines and range contractions across its distribution in the Midwest Corn Belt (USA). Experimental studies suggest that cricket frogs are sensitive to pesticides, but there are few studies examining this species’ susceptibility to contaminants in realistic environments or comparing relative impacts with other anuran species. I reared 3 summer breeding anurans in outdoor mesocosms posthatching through metamorphosis to examine the effects of 2 insecticides (imidacloprid and carbaryl) and 1 herbicide (glyphosate with polyoxyethylene tallow amine) on larval development and metamorphosis. Cricket frogs were positively affected by insecticide exposure, likely a result of changes in the food web that increased food abundance. However, metamorphosis of green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) and gray tree frogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) appeared unaffected by pesticide exposure. The results of the present study suggest that the impacts of pesticides alone are unlikely to have population-level impacts for the anurans examined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2699–2704. © 2018 SETAC