bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the addition of papain enzyme on digestive parameters and palatability of extruded diets for dogs
Authors: Santos Karine De Melo , Sá Fabiano César , Souza Danilo Ferreira de , Silva Flavio Lopes da , Urrego Maria Isabel Gonzalez , Vendramini Thiago Henrique , Brunetto Marcio Antonio , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri 
Published: February 2018

As fontes comuns de proteína utilizadas na fabricação de rações para cães são oriundas de coprodutos, os quais podem apresentar digestibilidade reduzida de acordo com a fonte. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da adição da enzima papaína em dietas secas e extrusadas na palatabilidade, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, qualidade e produção fecal de cães adultos. Uma dieta foi formulada contendo farinha de vísceras de frango, farinha de carne e ossos e farinha de penas hidrolisadas como fontes proteicas. Esta foi posteriormente dividida em três dietas isonutrientes: controle negativo (CN) sem adição da enzima; adição de 855.000 UI de papaína por quilograma de ração (EZ1); e adição de 2.280.000 UI de papaína por quiilograma de ração (EZ2), ambas adições feitas antes da extrusão. O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dois blocos de nove animais (três animais por tratamento em cada bloco), totalizando 18 cães, e seis repetições por tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância, com as médias dos três tratamentos comparadas por contrastes polinomiais (P < 0,05). Não foram verificadas diferenças nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes ou mesmo alterações na palatabilidade, pH e produção de fezes entre os tratamentos com diferentes inclusões de enzima (P > 0,05). Apenas o escore fecal reduziu com o aumento da adição da enzima (P < 0,05).
Anticoagulant Use Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Washam Jeffrey B. , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Patel Manesh R. , Klein Andrew J. , Abbott J. Dawn , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: February 2018

Background—
Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have largely been excluded from trials of antithrombotic therapies leaving little data to guide agent choice in this population.

Methods and Results—
The National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry was used to identify patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI who received monotherapy with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n=71 675). In hospital bleeding and mortality were compared and adjusted using the CathPCI Registry logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations with UFH as the reference. Bivalirudin was used in 51.3% of patients versus 48.7% for UFH. The use of bivalirudin decreased over time, and in 2014, UFH became the most frequently used. Patients receiving UFH were more likely to have an acute coronary syndrome presentation (37.8% versus 27.4%) or have cardiogenic shock (3.74% versus 1.98%). The observed rates for in hospital bleeding (7.0% versus 9.5%; adjusted odds ratio,0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.87) and mortality (2.6% versus 4.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.97) were lower for patients receiving bivalirudin compared with those receiving UFH.

Conclusions—
In patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI, bivalirudin and UFH were used with similar frequency although the patterns of use changed over the enrollment period. Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI had a lower adjusted risk of in hospital outcomes with bivalirudin; however, given the observational nature of this analysis, a randomized trial is warranted.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and the Prevalence and Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Sengeløv Morten , Cheng Susan , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Matsushita Kunihiro , Konety Suma , Solomon Scott D. , Folsom Aaron R. , Shah Amil M. 
Published: February 2018

Background

The relationship between ideal cardiovascular health reflected in the cardiovascular health score (
CVHS
) and valvular heart disease is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of
CVHS
attainment through midlife to late life with aortic stenosis prevalence and severity in late life.

Methods and Results

The following 6 ideal cardiovascular health metrics were assessed in ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study participants at 5 examination visits between 1987 and 2013 (visits 1–4 in 1987–1998 and visit 5 in 2011–2013): smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood pressure, physical activity, and blood glucose. Percentage attained
CVHS
was calculated in 6034 participants as the sum of
CVHS
at each visit/the maximum possible score. Aortic stenosis was assessed by echocardiography at visit 5 on the basis of the peak aortic valve velocity. Aortic stenosis was categorized sclerosis, mild stenosis, and moderate‐to‐severe stenosis. Mean age was 76±5 years, 42% were men, and 22% were black. Mean percentage attained
CVHS
was 63±14%, and the prevalence of aortic stenosis stages were 15.9% for sclerosis, 4.3% for mild stenosis, and 0.7% for moderate‐to‐severe stenosis. Worse percentage attained
CVHS
was associated with higher prevalence of aortic sclerosis (
P
<0.001 for trend), mild stenosis (
P
<0.001), and moderate‐to‐severe stenosis (
P
=0.002), adjusting for age, sex, and race.

Conclusions
Greater attainment of ideal cardiovascular health in midlife to late life is associated with a lower prevalence of aortic sclerosis and stenosis in late life in a large cohort of older adults.
Myocardial Scar Delineation Using Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Tractography
Authors: Mekkaoui Choukri , Jackowski Marcel P. , Kostis William J. , Stoeck Christian T. , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Reese Timothy G. , Reddy Vivek Y. , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Kozerke Sebastian , Sosnovik David E. 
Published: February 2018

Background

Late gadolinium enhancement (
LGE
) is the current standard for myocardial scar delineation. In this study, we introduce the tractographic propagation angle (
PA
), a metric of myofiber curvature (degrees/unit distance) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (
DTI
), and compare its use to
LGE
and invasive scar assessment by endocardial voltage mapping.

Methods and Results

DTI
was performed on 7 healthy human volunteers, 5 patients with myocardial infarction, 6 normal mice, and 7 mice with myocardial infarction.
LGE
to delineate the infarct and border zones was performed with a 2‐dimensional inversion recovery gradient‐echo sequence. Ex vivo
DTI
was performed on 5 normal human and 5 normal sheep hearts. Endocardial electroanatomic mapping and subsequent ex vivo
DTI
was performed on 5 infarcted sheep hearts.
PA
in the normal human hearts varied smoothly and was generally <4. The mean
PA
in the infarct zone was significantly elevated (10.34±1.02 versus 4.05±0.45,
P
<0.05). Regions with a
PA
≤4 consistently had a bipolar voltage ≥1.5 mV, whereas those with
PA
values between 4 and 10 had voltages between 0.5 and 1.5 mV. A
PA
threshold >4 was the most accurate
DTI
‐derived measure of infarct size and demonstrated the greatest correlation with
LGE
(
r
=0.95).

Conclusions

We found a strong correlation between infarct size by
PA
and
LGE
in both mice and humans. There was also an inverse relationship between
PA
values and endocardial voltage. The use of
PA
may enable myocardial scar delineation and characterization of arrhythmogenic substrate without the need for exogenous contrast agents.
Significance of Coronary Artery Spasm Diagnosis in Patients With Early Repolarization Syndrome
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Wada Mitsuru , Ishibashi Kohei , Inoue Yuko Y. , Miyamoto Koji , Okamura Hideo , Nagase Satoshi , Noda Takashi , Aiba Takeshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimizu Wataru , Kamakura Shiro , Kusano Kengo 
Published: February 2018

Background

Previously described patients with early repolarization syndrome (
ERS
) may have experienced silent coronary artery spasm (
CAS
) because the diagnosis of
CAS
was mainly based on symptoms or coronary angiography findings, without performing a spasm provocation test. This study investigated the significance of
CAS
diagnosis and evaluated the incidence of silent
CAS
in patients with possible
ERS
(ie, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation [
VF
] and inferolateral J wave).

Methods and Results

The study included 34 patients with idiopathic
VF
and inferolateral J wave. Thirteen patients (38%) were diagnosed as having
CAS
on the basis of coronary angiography with spasm provocation test (n=8) and documentation of spontaneous
ST
elevation (n=5). Of the 13 patients with
CAS
, 5 (38%) did not experience chest symptoms before and during
VF
, and were diagnosed as having silent
CAS
. The remaining 21 patients (62%), with a negative provocation test result and absence of chest symptoms, were considered to have ERS. During the 92 months of follow‐up, patients with CAS receiving appropriate medical treatment with antianginal drugs showed a favorable outcome. In contrast, 4 of 21 patients with ERS (19%) had
VF
recurrences. The use of monotherapy or combination therapy, consisting of quinidine, cilostazol, and bepridil, in the 4 patients with ERS, was effective in suppressing
VF
.

Conclusions

Approximately 40% of patients with CAS with documented
VF
and inferolateral J wave did not experience chest symptoms at the first
VF
, and could have been misdiagnosed as having
ERS
. The use of the spasm provocation test is considered essential to differentiate patients for optimal medical treatment.
Beneficial Effect of Mas Receptor Deficiency on Vascular Cognitive Impairment in the Presence of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor
Authors: Higaki Akinori , Mogi Masaki , Iwanami Jun , Min Li‐Juan , Bai Hui‐Yu , Shan Bao‐Shuai , Kukida Masayoshi , Yamauchi Toshifumi , Tsukuda Kana , Kan‐no Harumi , Ikeda Shuntaro , Higaki Jitsuo , Horiuchi Masatsugu 
Published: February 2018

Background
The classical renin‐angiotensin system is known as the angiotensin (Ang)‐converting enzyme/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor axis, which induces various organ damage including cognitive decline. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2/Ang‐(1‐7)/Mas axis is known to exert antagonistic actions against the classical renin‐angiotensin system axis in the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the brain remain unclear. We examined possible roles of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2/Ang‐(1‐7)/Mas axis in cognitive function, employing vascular cognitive impairment model mice.

Methods and Results
Male 10‐week‐old C57BL6 (wild‐type mice, Mas1 knockout mice, Ang II type 2 receptor knockout mice, and Ang II type 2 receptor/Mas1 double knockout mice were subjected to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery. Six weeks after treatment, they were subjected to cognitive tasks. Brain samples were used for histopathological analysis. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in wild‐type and double knockout mice after BCAS. On the other hand, the cognitive function of Mas1 knockout mice was maintained in spite of the reduction of cerebral blood flow with BCAS. Total cell number in the dentate gyrus region was significantly reduced after BCAS in wild‐type but not in Mas1 knockout mice. The number of doublecortin‐positive cells in the subgranular zone was not significantly different between wild‐type and Mas1 knockout mice. Ang‐(1‐7) administration did not improve cognitive function in all mice after BCAS surgery.

Conclusions
Lack of the Mas receptor may have a protective effect against chronic brain ischemia when the Ang II type 2 receptor exists.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Hemicriconemoides paracamelliae sp. n. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) and two known species of Hemicriconemoides from China
Authors: Maria Munawar , Cai Ruihang , Castillo Pablo , Zheng Jingwu 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Sheathoid nematodes of the genus Hemicriconemoides are migratory root-ectoparasites of many crops but damage is documented for only a few species. Hemicriconemoides paracamelliae sp. n., isolated in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, from the rhizosphere of Cinninghamia lanceolata, is described together with H. kanayaensis and H. parataiwanensis. These three species are characterised morphologically and molecularly with important morphological details elucidated by SEM photographs. The new species can be characterised by the en face view having a dorsoventrally orientated oral disc with slit-like opening, and the labial plate being composed of two lateral semi-globular shaped projections on the lateral sides of the oral disc. This new species has the first lip annulus expanded and slightly wider than the second, stylet 83 (80-85) μm long, excretory pore located 5-6 annuli posterior to the base of the pharyngeal bulb, vulva slit-like, vulval flaps absent, spermatheca rounded to oblong-shaped, and anus located 5-8 annuli posterior to vulva. The tail is elongated, conoid, with the terminal annuli curving dorsally or ventrally to form a finely rounded tip. The study provides the first record of H. kanayaensis from mainland China, a new host association of H. parataiwanensis, and molecular sequencing data of the 18S, 28S D2-D3 and ITS sequences.
The Peculiarities of English Culture
Authors: Noys Benjamin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Francis Mulhern’s Figures of Catastrophe argues for the existence of a hitherto-unnoticed generic form: the condition of culture novel, which offers a metacultural reflection on the conditions for the existence of culture and for access to culture. Mulhern’s analysis is located within the framework of Marxist reflections on culture, the history of British cultural Marxism, and Mulhern’s own project of the critique and analysis of ‘metaculture’ in Britain. In particular, this review focuses on Mulhern’s contention that the ‘condition of culture novel’ offers a catastrophic or even nihilistic vision of the access to culture by the working class. Mulhern’s argument is that the ‘condition of culture’ novel accompanies the emergence, solidification and collapse of the British culture of ‘labourism’. This review explores the consequences of this argument for the assessment of ‘culture’ and the future of the novel as a site of reflection on the condition of culture.
International Investment Law and Arbitration: History, Modern Practice, and Future Prospects
Authors: Sabahi Borzu , Laird Ian A. , Gismondi Giovanna E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
International Investment Law is one of the most dynamically growing fields of International Law as shown by the volume of Bilateral Investment Treaties (bits), and investment chapters in a growing numbers of regional and mega-regional trade agreements. This paper explores the origin, evolution and operation of International Investment Law. It discusses the main actors, the protections afforded to foreign investments and investors, and the content of modern bits. The legal issues and challenges International Investment Law faces today are brought into perspective. Particularly, this paper provides an assessment of the measures put forth by the European Union aimed at transforming the traditional investor-State arbitration system to an Investment Court System. An examination of the nafta re-negotiations is also presented, including the impact that ceta, a trade deal between the eu and Canada could have in the outcome of the current re-negotiations.
New records of Pontocaris affinis affinis (Alcock, 1901) and Pontocaris propensalata Spence Bate, 1888 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Crangonidae) from Quilon bank of Southeastern Arabian Sea
Authors: PURUSHOTHAMAN P. , CHAKRABORTY REKHA DEVI , KUBERAN G. , MAHESWARUDU G. 
Published: February 2018

This paper reports on two crangonid shrimps, Pontocaris affinis affinis and Pontocaris propensalata from Southeastern Arabian Sea. Continuous surveys in the Quilon bank yielded two new records of Pontocaris, which were found on the continental slope at 250–300 m depth. A 4.1% of genetic divergence between the 16S DNA sequences of the two species was noticed.
BoBBLE: Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction and Its Impact on the South Asian Monsoon
Authors: Vinayachandran P. N. , Matthews Adrian J. , Kumar K. Vijay , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Thushara V. , George Jenson , Vijith V. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Queste Bastien Y. , Roy Rajdeep , Sarkar Amit , Baranowski Dariusz B. , Bhat G. S. , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Peatman Simon C. , Parida C. , Heywood Karen J. , Hall Robert , King Brian , Kent Elizabeth C. , Nayak Anoop A. , Neema C. P. , Amol P. , Lotliker A. , Kankonkar A. , Gracias D. G. , Vernekar S. , D’Souza A. C. , Valluvan G. , Pargaonkar Shrikant M. , Dinesh K. , Giddings Jack , Joshi Manoj 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Bay of Bengal (BoB) plays a fundamental role in controlling the weather systems that make up the South Asian summer monsoon system. In particular, the southern BoB has cooler sea surface temperatures (SST) that influence ocean–atmosphere interaction and impact the monsoon. Compared to the southeastern BoB, the southwestern BoB is cooler, more saline, receives much less rain, and is influenced by the summer monsoon current (SMC). To examine the impact of these features on the monsoon, the BoB Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE) was jointly undertaken by India and the United Kingdom during June–July 2016. Physical and biogeochemical observations were made using a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiler, five ocean gliders, an Oceanscience Underway CTD (uCTD), a vertical microstructure profiler (VMP), two acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), Argo floats, drifting buoys, meteorological sensors, and upper-air radiosonde balloons. The observations were made along a zonal section at 8°N between 85.3° and 89°E with a 10-day time series at 8°N, 89°E. This paper presents the new observed features of the southern BoB from the BoBBLE field program, supported by satellite data. Key results from the BoBBLE field campaign show the Sri Lanka dome and the SMC in different stages of their seasonal evolution and two freshening events during which salinity decreased in the upper layer, leading to the formation of thick barrier layers. BoBBLE observations were taken during a suppressed phase of the intraseasonal oscillation; they captured in detail the warming of the ocean mixed layer and the preconditioning of the atmosphere to convection.
A Note on Interior Pathways in the Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Pedlosky Joseph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA simple oceanic model is presented for source–sink flow on the β plane to discuss the pathways from source to sink when transport boundary layers have large enough Reynolds numbers to be inertial in their dynamics. A representation of the flow as a Fofonoff gyre, suggested by prior work on inertial boundary layers and eddy-driven circulations in two-dimensional turbulent flows, indicates that even when the source and sink are aligned along the same western boundary the flow must intrude deep into the interior before exiting at the sink. The existence of interior pathways for the flow is thus an intrinsic property of an inertial circulation and is not dependent on particular geographical basin geometry.
Application of the EMD Method to River Tides
Authors: Pan Haidong , Guo Zheng , Wang Yingying , Lv Xianqing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA lot of tidal phenomena, including river tides, tides in ice-covered bays, and internal tides in fjords, are nonstationary. These tidal processes present a severe challenge for the conventional tidal analysis method. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is useful for nonstationary and nonlinear time series and has been used for different geophysical data. However, application of EMD to nonstationary tides is rare. This paper is meant to demonstrate a new tidal analysis tool that can help study nonstationary tides, in this case river tides. EMD is applied to a set of hourly water level records on the lower Columbia River, where the tides are greatly influenced by the fluctuating river flow. The results show that the averaged period of any EMD mode almost exactly doubles that of the previous one, suggesting that EMD is a dyadic filter. The highest and second highest frequency modes of EMD represent the semidiurnal (D2) and diurnal (D1) tides, respectively. The sum of the EMD modes except for the first two is the mean water level (MWL). The study finds that the EMD method successfully captured the nonstationary characteristics of the D1 tides, the D2 tides, and the MWL induced by river flow.
A primary role for human central memory cells in tissue immunosurveillance
Authors: Gehad Ahmed , Teague Jessica E. , Matos Tiago R. , Huang Victor , Yang Chao , Watanabe Rei , O’Malley John T. , Trimble Cornelia L. , Kupper Thomas S. , Clark Rachael A. 
Published: February 2018

Key PointsHuman TCM are tissue tropic, have impressive effector functions, and are found in noninflamed human tissues. TCM can act alone to induce inflammation in human skin–grafted mice; results suggest a role for human TCM in primary immunosurveillance.
Haploidentical HSCT for hemoglobinopathies: improved outcomes with TCRαβ+/CD19+-depleted grafts
Authors: Gaziev Javid , Isgrò Antonella , Sodani Pietro , Paciaroni Katia , De Angelis Gioia , Marziali Marco , Ribersani Michela , Alfieri Cecilia , Lanti Alessandro , Galluccio Tiziana , Adorno Gaspare , Andreani Marco 
Published: February 2018

Key Points
TCRαβ+/CD19+-depleted haplo-HCT is associated with a reduced incidence of graft failure in patients with hemoglobinopathies. The major challenges of haplo-HCT in hemoglobinopathies are delayed immune reconstitution and associated morbidity and mortality.
Indoor bacteria and asthma in adults: a multicentre case–control study within ECRHS II
Authors: Pekkanen Juha , Valkonen Maria , Täubel Martin , Tischer Christina , Leppänen Hanna , Kärkkäinen Päivi M. , Rintala Helena , Zock Jan-Paul , Casas Lidia , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Forsberg Bertil , Holm Mathias , Janson Christer , Pin Isabelle , Gislason Thorarinn , Jarvis Debbie , Heinrich Joachim , Hyvärinen Anne 
Published: February 2018

Both protective and adverse effects of indoor microbial exposure on asthma have been reported, but mostly in children. To date, no study in adults has used non-targeted methods for detection of indoor bacteria followed by quantitative confirmation.A cross-sectional study of 198 asthmatic and 199 controls was conducted within the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. DNA was extracted from mattress dust for bacterial analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Selected bands were sequenced and associations with asthma confirmed with four quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays.15 out of 37 bands detected with DGGE, which had at least a suggestive association (p<0.25) with asthma, were sequenced. Of the four targeted qPCRs,Clostridiumcluster XI confirmed the protective association with asthma. The association was dose dependent (aOR 0.43 (95% CI 0.22–0.84) for the fourthversusfirst quartile, p for trend 0.009) and independent of other microbial markers. Few significant associations were observed for the three other qPCRs used.In this large international study, the level ofClostridiumcluster XI was independently associated with a lower risk of prevalent asthma. Results suggest the importance of environmental bacteria also in adult asthma, but need to be confirmed in future studies.