bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in bone density in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: A case for early intervention
Authors: Trinh Anne , Wong Phillip , Fahey Michael C. , Brown Justin , Strauss Boyd J. , Ebeling Peter R. , Fuller Peter J. , Milat Frances 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextCerebral palsy (CP) is a motor disorder affecting movement, muscle tone and posture due to damage to the foetal or infant brain. The subsequent lack of ambulation, nutritional deficiencies, anticonvulsant use and hormonal deficiencies have been implicated in the low bone mass associated with this condition.ObjectiveTo assess changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) during adolescence and young adulthood in individuals with CP. The effect of ambulation, nutrition, hypogonadism on longitudinal changes in aBMD is also examined.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.Setting and participantsForty‐five subjects with CP who had longitudinal dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at a single tertiary hospital between 2006 and 2018.ResultsMean age at first DXA was 19.4 years (range: 10‐36 years), 57.8% were male and 80% were nonambulatory. The mean Z‐scores at baseline were <−2.0 at all sites – lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and total body (TB). The median change in aBMD was +1.2%‐1.9% per year in all subjects but in those <20 years of age, the median change was 4%‐8% per year. Z‐scores across all sites remained stable over time. Reduced functional state as measured by the gross motor functional classification scale (GMFCS) had a small negative effect on aBMD over time.ConclusionIn adolescents with CP, low bone mass was evident from the baseline DXA. However, significant bone accrual occurred during the second decade, followed by bone maintenance in young adulthood. Future studies should focus on optimizing bone health from early childhood.
Cognitive impairment as one of the important non‐motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Niino Masaaki , Miyazaki Yusei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCognitive impairment is one of the most important non‐physical symptoms of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and few studies have reported on cognitive impairments in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Adequate batteries are required to assess cognitive function in MS, and cognitive impairments in patients with MS are likely not adequately evaluated. As cognitive impairment usually affects employment status and activities of daily living in patients with MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, the effect of this symptom on daily activities should be closely examined. The present review focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairments in patients with MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, as well as the methods used to evaluate cognitive function in such patients.
Relation between cognitive restraint and weight: Does a content validity problem lead to a wrong axis of care?
Authors: Julien Sweerts Sabrina , Fouques Damien , Lignier Baptiste , Apfeldorfer Gérard , Kureta‐Vanoli Katherine , Romo Lucia 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe aim of this research is to examine the relation between weight and cognitive restraint (CR), which is the intention to control food intake in order to maintain or lose weight, in a general French population sample. Is CR more prevalent in individuals with obesity than overweight, underweight or normal‐weight subjects in this cross‐sectional study? Are people affected by obesity non‐restrained eaters? A total of 507 French people (80.2% women and 19.8% men), aged 18‐78 years, responded to an online questionnaire. It appears that the most used questionnaire measuring CR has content validity problems as it seems to measure effective control and not the intention. Therefore, a numeric scale was used to answer the questions. Even if it is not possible in this study to test a causal link with latent variable modelling, our results seem to show that people with obesity more frequently intend to eat less or to eat healthier and/or to eat less sugar and fat than other people in order to control their weight. However, people affected by obesity do not succeed in so doing. These results raise the question of treatments advocating the increase of self‐control. Finally, it would be necessary to obtain a real, scientific consensus on what CR is and on how to measure it in order to study the most effective treatments for people with overweight or obesity.
The medium is not the message: A content analysis of public information about vaping product regulations in Australia
Authors: Saw Kyle Eu Soon , Morphett Kylie , Puljević Cheneal , Bromberg Marilyn , Gartner Coral 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsVaping products have been growing in popularity in recent years, including in Australia. Australian laws covering vaping products are complex and vary significantly between jurisdictions. It has been acknowledged that there is public confusion about these laws. This study aims to explore publically‐available information about vaping products‐related laws disseminated via mainstream media and key stakeholder websites.Design and MethodsA content analysis was conducted on 302 news articles identified in the Factiva database, and on 73 key stakeholder websites that provided information about vaping product regulations in Australia between January 2005 and January 2018. Items were coded for the type of regulations discussed, the source of information and the information provided about the legal status of vaping products.ResultsPublic advice covered regulations around sales, public use, nicotine importation, nicotine's classification as a poison and nicotine possession. In the majority of news articles, journalists did not cite the source of the information pertaining to vaping products laws, making it difficult for the public to judge its accuracy. We identified several inconsistencies in the information being disseminated through both channels.Discussion and ConclusionsThe inconsistent information provided to the public regarding vaping products likely reflects Australia's complex and varying laws governing the sale, use and possession of vaping products with and without nicotine. We recommend that relevant Australian federal, state and territory health agencies provide a clear and consistent message that covers all relevant information pertaining to vaping products and nicotine within respective jurisdictions.
Application of three‐dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area method in tricuspid regurgitation quantification
Authors: Wang Bing‐Yan , Li Lian , Zhou Dan , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesRecently, three‐dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area (3D PISA) method has already been widely used in tricuspid regurgitation assessment. This study attempts to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of 3D PISA quantifying tricuspid regurgitation and explore the clinical value of 3D PISA in quantifying tricuspid regurgitation.MethodsFifty‐four patients with more than mild tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were enrolled. Effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and regurgitant volume (Rvol) were assessed by transthoracic 3D PISA method and three‐dimensional vena contracta area (3D VCA) method. The 3D VCA was used as reference method. We analyzed the correlation and differences of EROA between 3D PISA method and the reference method.ResultsBoth EROA and Rvol assessed by the 3D PISA had good correlations with the reference method, particularly in the assessment of eccentric jets, with the correlation coefficients of r (EROA) = 0.83, P < 0.001, r (Rvol) = 0.90, P < 0.001, respectively. 3D PISA method had good agreement with 3D VCA method in grading TR. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement were also good.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area method can accurately quantify the degree of tricuspid regurgitation with good repeatability and shorter time‐consuming, which is worthy of further study. 3D PISA method is expected to be a new method for evaluating tricuspid regurgitation in clinic practice.
E/e` ratio is superior to speckle tracking for detecting elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure in patients with coronary artery disease and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Calvilho Júnior Antonio Amador , Assef Jorge Eduardo , Le Bihan David , Barretto Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos , Paladino Filho Antonio Tito , Abizaid Alexandre Antônio Cunha , Braga Sérgio Luiz Navarro , Vilela Andrea de Andrade , Pedra Simone Rolim Fernandes Fontes , de Jesus Carlos Alberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA weak correlation has been reported between left ventricular filling pressures and the traditional echocardiographic tools for the evaluation of diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). On the other hand, studies that compared invasive measurements with speckle tracking echocardiography have shown promising results, but they were not exclusively targeted on this specific population.Methods and ResultsImmediately before the left heart catheterization, a comprehensive two‐dimensional Doppler echocardiography and speckle tracking analysis was prospectively performed in outpatients referred for coronary angiography. Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was measured before any contrast exposure. Eighty‐one patients with coronary artery disease were studied, and the group with high LVEDP (n = 40) showed increased left atrial volume index (22 ± 6 mL/m2 vs 26 ± 8.26 mL/m2, P = 0.04), E‐wave velocity (65 ± 15 cm/s vs 78 ± 20 cm/s, P = 0.02), E/e` (average) ratio (8.14 ± 2.0 vs 11.54 ± 2.7, P = 0.03), and E/global circumferential strain rate E peak ratio (E/GCSRE) (39 cm vs 46 cm, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between LVEDP and E/e` (ρ = 0.56; P = 0.03), and between LVEDP and E/GCSRE ratio (ρ = 0.43; P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.83 and 0.73, respectively (P < 0.05). E/e` and E/GCSRE were both independent predictors of elevated LVEDP (P < 0.05), with a higher C‐statistic for the model including E/e` (0.89 vs 0.85).ConclusionThe E/e` ratio was able to identify elevated LVEDP in CAD patients with preserved LVEF with more accuracy than the E/GCSRE ratio.
Klippel–Feil syndrome: A very unusual cause of severe aortic regurgitation visualized by multimodality imaging
Authors: Ahluwalia Monica , Sehgal Sankalp , Vainrib Alan F. , Applebaum Robert , Latson Larry , Williams Mathew R. , Saric Muhamed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 51‐year‐old man with Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) and immunodeficiency syndrome, status postintravenous immunoglobulin therapy, presented with shortness of breath. He was found to have severe aortic regurgitation in the setting of a trileaflet aortic valve with thickened leaflets and mild prolapse of the right coronary cusp with left ventricular dilation and borderline left ventricular ejection fraction. Although various cardiac anomalies have been described in KPS, otherwise unexplained severe aortic regurgitation has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge. The patient underwent an uncomplicated surgical aortic valve replacement with a 25‐mm Medtronic Avalus pericardial tissue valve resulting in symptomatic improvement. Intra‐operative management and transesophageal echocardiography can be particularly challenging in KFS patients. We describe the first reported case of severe aortic regurgitation in KPS, review the cardiac anomalies associated with the syndrome, and highlight the clinical challenges in intra‐operative management of these patients.
Metacommunity‐scale biodiversity regulation and the self‐organised emergence of macroecological patterns
Authors: O’Sullivan Jacob D. , Knell Robert J. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere exist a number of key macroecological patterns whose ubiquity suggests that the spatio‐temporal structure of ecological communities is governed by some universal mechanisms. The nature of these mechanisms, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we probe spatio‐temporal patterns in species richness and community composition using a simple metacommunity assembly model. Despite making no a priori assumptions regarding biotic spatial structure or the distribution of biomass across species, model metacommunities self‐organise to reproduce well‐documented patterns including characteristic species abundance distributions, range size distributions and species area relations. Also in agreement with observations, species richness in our model attains an equilibrium despite continuous species turnover. Crucially, it is in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium that we observe the emergence of these key macroecological patterns. Biodiversity equilibria in models occur due to the onset of ecological structural instability, a population‐dynamical mechanism. This strongly suggests a causal link between local community processes and macroecological phenomena.
Food effect on pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol oral capsules in adult patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Birnbaum Angela K. , Karanam Ashwin , Marino Susan E. , Barkley Christopher M. , Remmel Rory P. , Roslawski Michaela , Gramling‐Aden Mary , Leppik Ilo E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a purified oral cannabidiol (CBD) capsule administered with and without food in adults with refractory epilepsy.MethodsAdult patients who were prescribed CBD for seizures, had localization‐related intractable epilepsy with ≥4 seizures per month, and qualified for Minnesota cannabis were enrolled. A single dose of 99% pure CBD capsules was taken under both fasting (no breakfast) and fed (high fat 840‐860 calorie) conditions. Blood sampling for CBD plasma concentrations was performed under each condition between 0 and 72 hours post‐dose and measured by a validated liquid chormatography‐mass spectometry assay. CBD pharmacokinetic profiles including maximum concentration (Cmax), area‐under‐the‐curve from zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞), and time‐to‐maximum concentration (Tmax) were calculated. The confidence intervals (CIs) for log‐transformed Cmax and AUC0‐∞ ratios between fed and fasting states were calculated. Seizure and adverse events information was collected.ResultsEight patients completed the study. On average Cmax was 14 times and AUC0‐∞ 4 times higher in the fed state. The 90% CI for the ratio of fed versus fast conditions for Cmax and AUC0‐∞ were 7.47‐31.86 and 3.42‐7.82, respectively. No sequence or period effect for Cmax and AUC0‐∞ was observed. No adverse events were reported.SignificanceAdministering CBD as a capsule rather than a liquid allows for more precise determination of pharmacokinetics parameters and is more representative of CBD swallowed products. The fat content of a meal can lead to significant increases in Cmax and AUC0‐∞ and can account for variability in bioavailability and overall drug exposure within patients with oral products.
Cloning and identification of rutin‐degrading enzyme genes from Aspergillus niger in wheat Qu
Authors: Sun Zhan‐Bin , Lu Xin , Zhang Wei , Hou Chang , Xu Jia‐Liang , Ren Qing 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTartary Buckwheat Huangjiu, one of the oldest wines in China, has unique health‐promoting properties. One of its specific ingredients is rutin, which has antioxidative and anti‐ageing activities and plays important roles in the treatment of human diseases. During Tartary buckwheat Huangjiu brewing, however, rutin is degraded by fungi in wheat Qu, thereby leading to a decrease in the wine's nutritional value. The consequent aim of this study was to identify effective rutin‐degrading fungi and degrading enzyme genes in the Tartary buckwheat Huangjiu brewing process. Among these fungi isolated from wheat Qu, only Aspergillus niger exhibited rutin‐degrading ability. Following protein purification, SDS‐PAGE, mass spectrometry, Blast analysis and clone verification, we ultimately identified glucoamylase and α‐L‐rhamnosidase encoding genes were related to rutin degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rutin‐degrading enzyme genes in Tartary buckwheat Huangjiu. Our results provide insights for regulating the nutritional value of Tartary buckwheat Huangjiu.
Efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for restricted maximum likelihood estimation of genetic parameters
Authors: Matilainen Kaarina , Mäntysaari Esa A. , Strandén Ismo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC) methods have been found useful in estimation of variance parameters for large data and complex models with many variance components (VC), with respect to both computer memory and computing time. A disadvantage has been a fluctuation in round‐to‐round values of estimates that makes the estimation of convergence challenging. Furthermore, with Newton‐type algorithms, the approximate Hessian matrix might have sufficient accuracy, but the inaccuracy in the gradient vector exaggerates the round‐to‐round fluctuation to intolerable. In this study, the reuse of the same random numbers within eachMCsample was used to remove theMCfluctuation. Simulated data with sixVCparameters were analysed by four differentMC REMLmethods: expectation‐maximization (EM), Newton–Raphson (NR), average information (AI) and Broyden's method (BM). In addition, field data with 96VCparameters were analysed byMC EM REML. In all the analyses with reused samples, theMCfluctuations disappeared, but the final estimates by theMC REMLmethods differed from the analytically calculated values more than expected especially when the number ofMCsamples was small. The difference depended on the random numbers generated, and based on repeatedMC AI REMLanalyses, theVCestimates were on average non‐biased. The advantage of reusingMCsamples is more apparent in theNR‐type algorithms. Smooth convergence opens the possibility to use the fast converging Newton‐type algorithms. However, a disadvantage from reusingMCsamples is a possible “bias” in the estimates. To attain acceptable accuracy, sufficient number ofMCsamples need to be generated.
“Arte et Labore”—A Blackburn Rovers fan's legacy in human complex trait genetics
Authors: Visscher Peter M. , Wray Naomi R. , Haley Chris S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThrough his own research contributions on the modelling and genetic analysis of quantitative traits and through his former students and postdocs, Robin Thompson has indirectly left a major legacy in human genetics. In this short note, we highlight examples of the long‐lasting relevance and impact of Robin's work in human genetics. A lone early study of marker‐assisted selection developed many of the tools and approaches later exploited (often after reinvention) by the human genetics community in GWAS studies and for prediction. Furthermore, a particularly clear example of the pervasive impact of Robin's work is that REML has become the default method to estimate variance components and that genetic predictions exploiting linkage disequilibrium in the population are starting to become used in precision medicine applications.
Silencing CDR1as enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to drug resistance by acting as a miR‐7 sponge to down‐regulate REGγ
Authors: Yang Wei , Yang Xiaojuan , Wang Xuedong , Gu Juan , Zhou Daoping , Wang Yueping , Yin Bin , Guo Jianmin , Zhou Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn our study, we aimed to investigate the role of CDR1as during competitive inhibition of miR‐7 in the regulation of cisplatin chemosensitivity in breast cancer via regulating REGγ. RT‐qPCR was applied to detect the expression of CDR1as and miR‐7 in breast cancer tissues, breast cancer cell lines and corresponding drug‐resistant cell lines. The correlation between CDR1as and miR‐7 and between miR‐7 and REGγ was evaluated. MCF‐7‐R and MDA‐MB‐231‐R cells were selected followed by transfection of a series of mimics, inhibitors or siRNA. The effect of CDR1as on the half maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50), cisplatin sensitivity and cell apoptosis was also analysed. Furthermore, a subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model was established to further confirm the effect of CDR1as on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer to cisplatin in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to test the Ki‐67 expression in nude mice. A positive correlation was found between the drug resistance and CDR1as expression in breast cancer. CDR1as could increase the resistance of breast cancer cells to cisplatin. miR‐7 expression was low, while REGγ was highly expressed in MCF‐7‐R and MDA‐MB‐231‐R cells. CDR1as competitively inhibited miR‐7 and up‐regulated REGγ. Overexpression of miR‐7 could reverse the enhanced sensitivity of silenced CDR1as to drug‐resistant breast cancer cells. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CDR1as mediated breast cancer occurrence and its sensitivity to cisplatin. Silencing CDR1as decreased Ki‐67 expression. Silencing CDR1as may inhibit the expression of REGγ by removing the competitive inhibitory effect on miR‐7 and thus enhancing the sensitivity of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells.
How to monitor environmental pressures of a circular economy: An assessment of indicators
Authors: Helander Hanna , Petit‐Boix Anna , Leipold Sina , Bringezu Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how a circular economy (CE) can reduce environmental pressures from economic activities is crucial for policy and practice. Science provides a range of indicators to monitor and assess CE activities. However, common CE activities, such as recycling and eco‐design, are contested in terms of their contribution to environmental sustainability. This article assesses whether and to what extent current approaches to assess CE activities sufficiently capture environmental pressures to monitor progress toward environmental sustainability. Based on a material flow perspective, we show that most indicators do not capture environmental pressures related to the CE activities they address. Many focus on a single CE activity or process, which does not necessarily contribute to increased environmental sustainability overall. Based on these results, we suggest complementing CE management indicators with indicators capturing basic environmental pressures related to the respective CE activity. Given the conceptual linkage between CE activities, resource extraction, and waste flows, we suggest that a resource‐based footprint approach accounting for major environmental inputs and outputs is necessary—while not sufficient—to assess the environmental sustainability of CE activities. As footprint approaches can be used across scales, they could aid the challenging process of developing indicators for monitoring progress toward an environmentally sustainable CE at the European, national, and company levels.