bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of carbon monoxide to vascular tonus
Authors: Koçer Günnur , Nasircilar Ülker Seher , Şentürk Ümit Kemal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this descriptive study was to examine the contribution of CO in the maintenance of vascular tonus in different organs and different vessel segments; the underlying mechanism of CO‐induced vasodilation was investigated.MethodsSixty Wistar albino rats, aged 6‐8 months, were used in this study. Response to CO by isolated arteries from the thoracic and abdominal aorta and mesenteric, renal, gastrocnemius, and gracilis muscles as well as heart, lung, and brain vascular beds was endogenously and exogenously studied using organ baths or myograph. In addition, HO‐2 protein expression was assessed using Western blot analysis in isolated vessel segments.ResultsAlthough CO was shown to contribute to the regulation of vascular tonus in all feed arteries except those of the gracilis vascular bed, no effect was observed in the resistance arteries, with the sole exception of the pial artery. No relationship between HO‐2 protein level and CO contribution to endogenous vascular tonus was observed.ConclusionsWhile the vasodilator effect of CO in vessels smaller than 600 μm in diameter was found to be mediated via potassium channels, in vessels larger than 600 μm in diameter, the effect was through both the potassium channels and the cGMP pathway.
Rice with reduced stomatal density conserves water and has improved drought tolerance under future climate conditions
Authors: Caine Robert S. , Yin Xiaojia , Sloan Jennifer , Harrison Emily L. , Mohammed Umar , Fulton Timothy , Biswal Akshaya K. , Dionora Jacqueline , Chater Caspar C. , Coe Robert A. , Bandyopadhyay Anindya , Murchie Erik H. , Swarup Ranjan , Quick W. Paul , Gray Julie E. 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Much of humanity relies on rice (Oryza sativa) as a food source, but cultivation is water intensive and the crop is vulnerable to drought and high temperatures. Under climate change, periods of reduced water availability and high temperature are expected to become more frequent, leading to detrimental effects on rice yields.

We engineered the high‐yielding rice cultivar ‘IR64’ to produce fewer stomata by manipulating the level of a developmental signal. We overexpressed the rice epidermal patterning factor OsEPF1, creating plants with substantially reduced stomatal density and correspondingly low stomatal conductance.

Low stomatal density rice lines were more able to conserve water, using c. 60% of the normal amount between weeks 4 and 5 post germination. When grown at elevated atmospheric CO2, rice plants with low stomatal density were able to maintain their stomatal conductance and survive drought and high temperature (40°C) for longer than control plants. Low stomatal density rice gave equivalent or even improved yields, despite a reduced rate of photosynthesis in some conditions.

Rice plants with fewer stomata are drought tolerant and more conservative in their water use, and they should perform better in the future when climate change is expected to threaten food security.
A Fixed Rate Production Problem with Poisson Demand and Lost Sales Penalties
Authors: Faaland Bruce , McKay Mark , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: July 2018

We solve a variation of a classic make‐to‐stock inventory problem introduced by Gavish and Graves. A machine is dedicated to a single product whose demand follows a stationary Poisson distribution. When the machine is on, items are produced one at a time at a fixed rate and placed into finished‐goods inventory until they are sold. In addition, there is an expense for setting up the machine to begin a production run. Our departure from Gavish and Graves involves the handling of unsatisfied demand. Gavish and Graves assumed it is backordered, while we assume it is lost, with a unit penalty for each lost sale. We obtain an optimal solution, which involves a produce‐up‐to policy, and prove that the expected time‐average cost function, which we derive explicitly, is quasi‐convex separately in both the produce‐up‐to inventory level Q and the trigger level R that signals a setup for production. Our search over the ( Q, R) array begins by finding Q 0, the minimizing value of Q for R = 0. Total computation to solve the overall problem, measured in arithmetic operations, is quadratic in Q 0. At most 3 Q 0 cost function evaluations are required. In addition, we derive closed‐form expressions for the objective function of two related problems: one involving make‐to‐order production and another for control of an N‐policy M/ D/1 finite queue. Finally, we explore the possibility of solving the lost sales problem by applying the Gavish and Graves algorithm for the backorder problem.
Administration of progesterone BioRelease LA inhibits follicular growth in llamas (Lama glama) regardless of follicle diameter at the start of treatment
Authors: Veiga Maria Fernanda , Trasorras Virginia Luz , Bianchi Carolina Paula , Aba Marcelo , Moncalvo Evangelina , Chaves Maria Graciela , Miragaya Marcelo Horacio 
Published: July 2018

ContentsThe aims of the study were twofold: first, the comparison of the pharmacokinetics parameters of two doses of Progesterone BioRelease® LA, (BioRelease Technologies, Lexington, KY, USA) one of 300 mg and other of 150 mg and their effects on ovarian dynamics in llamas. Based on the results from the first study, the aim of the second study was to evaluate the effect of the doses of 150 mg of progesterone on follicular activity considering the stage of the largest follicle at the beginning of treatment. The results in Study 1 showed that both doses of the formulation induced plasma progesterone concentrations higher than 1 ng/ml during the first 6 days of treatment in all females, progesterone concentrations steadily decline until Day 5 following by a slowly decrease. The total amount of progesterone released during treatment was higher in Group 300 than in Group 150 (p = 0.045). Mean maximum concentrations were 14.9 ± 2.24 and 14.3 ± 2.16 ng/ml for Group A versus Group B (p = 0.58), and they were registered on Day 1.5 ± 0.22 and 1.7 ± 0.34 days, respectively (p = 0.10). None of the animals of Group A showed progesterone concentration below 1 ng/ml during all studied period. The treatment applied in Study 2 was efficient in inhibiting the ovarian follicular dynamics and to start a superestimulatory treatment. The use of progesterone Biorelease® LA of 150 mg in comparison with the dose of 300 mg could be more effective in the use of synchronization protocols in llamas for AI or prior to the application of an ovarian superstimulatory treatment.
TaWRKY51 promotes lateral root formation through negative regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hu Zhaorong , Wang Rui , Zheng Mei , Liu Xingbei , Meng Fei , Wu Hualing , Yao Yingyin , Xin Mingming , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop worldwide. Lateral roots (LRs), as the major component of root architecture, affect water and nutrient uptake in wheat. The phytohormone ethylene is known to affect LR formation; however, the factor(s) modulating ethylene during this process have not yet been elucidated in wheat. Here we identified wheat TaWRKY51 as a key factor that functions in LR formation by modulating ethylene biosynthesis. Wheat TaWRKY51RNA interference lines (TaWRKY51‐RNAi) and the homozygous mutants tawrky51‐2a and tawrky51‐2b all produced fewer LRs than the wild type and negative transgenic plants, whereas the TaWRKY51 overexpression lines (TaWRKY51‐OE) had the opposite phenotype. Transcription analysis revealed that 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) genes (TaACS2, TaACS7 and TaACS8) involved in ethylene biosynthesis were downregulated in TaWRKY51‐OE lines but upregulated in TaWRKY51‐RNAi lines. The rate of ethylene production also decreased in TaWRKY51‐OE lines but increased in TaWRKY51‐RNAi lines compared with their respective negative transgenic controls. Electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression assays revealed that TaWRKY51 inhibits the expression of ACS genes by binding to the W‐box cis‐element present in their promoter region. Moreover, overexpression of ACS2 or exogenous application of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid reversed the phenotype of enhanced LR number in TaWRKY51‐OE Arabidopsis lines, and overexpression of TaWRKY51 in the ethylene‐overproducing mutant eto1‐1 rescued its LR defect phenotype. In addition, genetic evidence demonstrates that TaWRKY51‐regulated LR formation is also dependent on ethylene and auxin signaling pathways. Our findings reveal a molecular genetic mechanism by which a WRKY gene coordinates ethylene production and LR formation in wheat.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Struck Christopher J. 
Published: July 2018

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact asastds@acousticalsociety.org.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the national catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Characteristics of healthcare organisations struggling to improve quality: results from a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M , Saint Sanjay , Krein Sarah L , Forman Jane H , Meddings Jennifer , Ameling Jessica , Winter Suzanne , Townsend Whitney , Chopra Vineet 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundIdentifying characteristics associated with struggling healthcare organisations may help inform improvement. Thus, we systematically reviewed the literature to: (1) Identify organisational factors associated with struggling healthcare organisations and (2) Summarise these factors into actionable domains.MethodsSystematic review of qualitative studies that evaluated organisational characteristics of healthcare organisations that were struggling as defined by below-average patient outcomes (eg, mortality) or quality of care metrics (eg, Patient Safety Indicators). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science from database inception through February 8 2018. Qualitative data were analysed using framework-based synthesis and summarised into key domains. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool.ResultsThirty studies (33 articles) from multiple countries and settings (eg, acute care, outpatient) with a diverse range of interviewees (eg, nurses, leadership, staff) were included in the final analysis. Five domains characterised struggling healthcare organisations: poor organisational culture (limited ownership, not collaborative, hierarchical, with disconnected leadership), inadequate infrastructure (limited quality improvement, staffing, information technology or resources), lack of a cohesive mission (mission conflicts with other missions, is externally motivated, poorly defined or promotes mediocrity), system shocks (ie, events such as leadership turnover, new electronic health record system or organisational scandals that detract from daily operations), and dysfunctional external relations with other hospitals, stakeholders, or governing bodies.ConclusionsStruggling healthcare organisations share characteristics that may affect their ability to provide optimal care. Understanding and identifying these characteristics may provide a first step to helping low performers address organisational challenges to improvement.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO: CRD42017067367.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in decompensated aortic stenosis within the same hospital admission: early clinical experience
Authors: Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Khogali Saib , Cotton James M , Meralgia Antonella , Matuszewski Maciej , Luckraz Heyman 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveSevere decompensated aortic valve stenosis is associated with noticeable reduction in survival. Until recently the options for such patients were either high-risk surgery or percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty and medical therapy which does not add any survival benefits and associated with high rate of complications. We present our experience in the use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with decompensated severe aortic stenosis requiring urgent intervention in the same hospital admission.MethodsIn this observational study, all patients who were admitted with decompensated severe aortic stenosis were enrolled. Elective patients were excluded from the study. Perioperative records were analysed and clinical, echocardiographic and survival data were presented.Results76 patients with a mean age of 81±6 years were enrolled. All patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) IV status. Femoral approach was performed in 86.8%. Median postoperative hospital stay was 6 days and intensive care unit admission rate was 15%. At follow-up, 61.8% of patients were in NYHA status I/II. Moderate or more paravalvular leak occurred in 5.2% of patients. Permanent pacemaker was required in 14.4% of patients. The incidence of in-hospital death was 2.6%. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a survival rate of 81% at 1 year.ConclusionsUrgent in-hospital TAVI is feasible as the first-line treatment in decompensated severe aortic stenosis. In our cohort, it showed to be safe and achieved satisfactory survival rates and symptom control.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Ide Veerle , Bossuyt Xavier , Blockmans Daniël , De Langhe Ellen 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAs rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are not routinely tested in idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM), little is known about their prevalence and clinical implications in this patient group. In antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), presence of ACPA is reportedly associated with more severe and erosive arthritis. We aim to retrospectively determine the prevalence of RF and ACPA in a cross-sectional cohort of 121 patients diagnosed with IIM and to assess clinical associations.MethodsSerum samples from 121 patients diagnosed with polymyositis (n=30), dermatomyositis (n=41), ASS (n=37), inclusion body myositis (n=1), necrotising autoimmune myopathy (n=5) or overlap myositis (n=7) were analysed. RF was evaluated by nephelometry (Immage 800, Beckman–Coulter); anti-CCP antibodies were identified using fluoro enzyme immunoassays (Immuno-Cap 250, Thermo Fisher). Values above 40 IU/mL and 7 U/mL were considered positive for RF and ACPA, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of RF and ACPA was 9.09% and 4.96%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between RF/ACPA positive versus negative patients. There was a numerical trend for RF-positive IIM patients to be older and have lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s levels.ConclusionsRF and ACPA are prevalent in IIM, although we detected a lower prevalence than reported in previous studies. Presence of these antibodies in patients with IIM patients is not clinically relevant in our cohort.
Acquired JHDM1D–BRAF Fusion Confers Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in FGFR2-Amplified Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sase Hitoshi , Nakanishi Yoshito , Aida Satoshi , Horiguchi-Takei Kana , Akiyama Nukinori , Fujii Toshihiko , Sakata Kiyoaki , Mio Toshiyuki , Aoki Masahiro , Ishii Nobuya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
FGFR2 gene is frequently amplified in gastric cancer. Recently, targeting FGFR2 has drawn attention as a form of gastric cancer therapy, and FGFR-selective inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in clinical studies. Because overcoming acquired resistance is a common problem with molecular targeting drugs, we investigated a resistant mechanism of FGFR inhibitors using the gastric cancer cell line SNU-16, which harbors FGFR2 amplification. We established single-cell clones of FGFR inhibitor–resistant SNU-16 (AZD-R) by continuous exposure to AZD4547, a selective FGFR inhibitor. To screen the genetic alterations acquired in AZD-R, we ran a comparative genomic hybridization assay and found an amplification of Chr7q34 region. The chromosomal breakpoints were located between the 12th and the 13th exon of jumonji C domain containing histone demethylase 1 homolog D (JHDM1D) and between the 3rd and the 4th exon of BRAF. We sequenced cDNA of the AZD-R clones and found fusion kinase JHDM1D-BRAF, which has previously been identified in primary ovarian cancer. Because JHDM1D–BRAF fusion lacks a RAS-binding domain, the dimerization of JHDM1D–BRAF was enhanced. A cell growth inhibition assay using MEK inhibitors and RAF-dimer inhibitors indicated the dependence of AZD-R clones for growth on the MAPK pathway. Our data provide a clinical rationale for using a MEK or RAF dimer inhibitor to treat FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer patients who have acquired resistance through the JHDN1D–BRAF fusion. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2217–25. ©2018 AACR.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Related Disorders of Systemic Sclerosis Based on the Analysis of 66 Patients
Authors: Matsuda Rie , Yamamichi Nobutake , Shimamoto Takeshi , Sumida Hayakazu , Takahashi Yu , Minatsuki Chihiro , Kodashima Shinya , Ono Satoshi , Niimi Keiko , Tsuji Yosuke , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Saito Itaru , Kataoka Yosuke , Asada-Hirayama Itsuko , Kakimoto Hikaru , Yakabi Seiichi , Takeuchi Chihiro , Matsumoto Yuta , Tamaki Zenshiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Asano Yoshihide , Sato Shinichi , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related disorders of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients have not been adequately investigated. Methods: Sixty-six SSc patients (5 males and 61 females; 56.6 ± 14.6 years old) who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy were analyzed on the basis of 16 background factors. They were additionally compared with 116 matched non-SSc subjects controlling age, sex, and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Results: The mean disease duration of 66 patients was 5.1 ± 8.1 years, and their breakdown was as follows: 53 (80.3%) with GERD, 38 (57.6%) with GERD-related symptoms, and 20 (30.3%) with reflux esophagitis (RE; LA-A: 10, LA-B: 5, LA-C: 4, LA-D: 1). Use of PPI (p = 0.0455), complication of interstitial lung disease (p = 0.0242), and history of cyclophosphamide therapy (p = 0.0184) denoted significant association with GERD-related symptoms. Older age (p = 0.0211) was significantly associated with RE. None of GERD-related disorders showed any difference between 37 diffuse cutaneous SSc and 29 limited cutaneous SSc patients. The matched analysis indicated that SSc patients had higher prevalence of GERD (p < 0.0001), GERD-related symptoms (p = 0.0034), and RE (p = 0.0002). Conclusion: SSc patients tend to have worse GERD symptoms and severer RE. However, most SSc-associated factors did not show significant association with GERD-related disorders, indicating the difficulty in predicting GERD-related disorders among SSc patients.
Crustacean zooplankton communities in shallow coastal ephemeral pools (Nigue, 39°S, Araucania region, Chile)
Authors: de los Ríos Patricio , Carreño Eriko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe crustacean zooplankton in Chilean coastal lagoons has been poorly studied, and the scarce studies available would indicate the presence of low numbers of species, variable according to the degree of oligotrophy. The aim of the present study was to give a first characterization of crustacean zooplankton communities in a small, shallow coastal lake using Null models, specifically aimed at determining species co-occurrence and niche overlap. The results revealed that species associations are random, which picture originates from the fact that the same species occur many times, while analysis of niche sharing or overlap revealed that there is niche segregation resulting in the absence of competition between species. These results would be similar to earlier observations for mountain lakes and lagoons in northern Patagonia in both Argentina and Chile, and partially similar to the situation in Andean shallow wetlands in northern Chile. More detailed studies will be necessary to fully understand the local population dynamics and overall community dynamics.
Trissoplax tuberosa Castro & Ng, 2010 (Brachyura, Goneplacoidea), a new southern Taiwan record of the rare euryplacid crab
Authors: Ng Peter K. L. , Lin C.-W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rare euryplacid crab,Trissoplax tuberosaCastro & Ng, 2010 is recorded from Taiwan for the first time and the known range of this species is extended to the southern part of the island. The female characters of the species are also described for the first time and are compared with those of its congener,T. dentata(Stimpson, 1858).
Colloquium 3 Likely and Necessary: The Poetics of Aristotle and the Problem of Literary Leeway
Authors: Narbonne Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Taking as a starting point a crucial passage of Aristotle’s Poetics where poetical technique is declared to be different from all other disciplines in human knowledge (25, 1460b8–15), I try to determine in what sense and up to what point poetry can be seen as an autonomous or sui generis creative activity. On this path, I come across the so-called “likely and necessary” rule mentioned many times in Aristotle’s essay, which might be seen as a limitation of the poet’s literary freedom. I then endeavour to show that this rule of consistency does not preclude the many means by which the poet can astonish his or her audience, bring them into error, introduce exaggerations and embellishments on the one hand (and viciousness and repulsiveness on the other), have the characters change their conduct along the way, etc. For Aristotle, the poetic art—and artistic activities in general—is concerned not with what in fact is or what should be (especially ethically), but simply with what might be. Accordingly, one can see him as historically the very first theorist fiction, not only because he states that poetry relates freely to the possible, but also because he explains why poetry is justified in doing so.