bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty: Not a Justification for Banning Physician‐Assisted Death
Authors: Freeman Lindsey M. , Rose Susannah L. , Youngner Stuart J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany critics of the legalization of physician‐assisted death oppose it in part because they fear it will further disadvantage those who are already economically disadvantaged. This argument points to a serious problem of how economic considerations can influence medical decisions, but in the context of PAD, the concern is not borne out. We will provide empirical evidence suggesting that concerns about money influence medical decisions throughout the full course of illness, but at the end of life, financial pressure is much more likely to influence a decision to pursue or reject aggressive life‐extending care than it is to influence a request for PAD. We will also address the question of whether financial pressure as a result of being poor—particularly in the context of an inadequate social safety net—robs people of their autonomy, rendering their informed request and consent invalid. We argue that it does not. We will emphasize the impracticality and injustice of rejecting the role of poverty as a legitimate factor in decision‐making, the irrational distinction between PAD and withdrawal of life‐sustaining care, and the more appropriate focus on the great flaws in the American health care system.
Baseline intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone levels in parathyroid surgery
Authors: Duke William S. , Omesiete Wilson I. , Walsh Nathaniel J. , Terris David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to evaluate the relationship between the preoperative core‐laboratory parathyroid hormone (CL‐PTH) level and the baseline intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) level and assess the impact of any differences on clinical decision making in consecutive surgical patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy.MethodsThe CL‐PTH and baseline IOPTH levels were compared. The influence of relying on either the CL‐PTH or baseline PTH levels for intraoperative decision making was determined.ResultsData were available for 316 patients. Baseline IOPTH measurements were usually higher than the CL‐PTH (247 patients; 78.2%) measurements, with a mean difference of 68.2 pg/mL (P < .001). Using the CL‐PTH as a surrogate for the baseline parathyroid hormone (PTH) would have prolonged the operation in 23 patients (7.3%).ConclusionBaseline point‐of‐care IOPTH levels were higher than the preoperative CL‐PTH levels in >75% of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. Using the CL‐PTH in lieu of an IOPTH baseline value would prolong the operation in some patients.
A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence
Authors: Raine Adrian 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTResearch is increasingly documenting a neurobiological basis to violence. This review takes a neurodevelopmental perspective on the very small group of males who grow up to become persistent violent offenders. After outlining six criteria for what constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, the extent to which chronic violence meets these definitional criteria is examined, covering the fields of genetics, structural and functional brain imaging, and neuropsychology. Early health risk factors for violence are then outlined, including birth complications, minor physical anomalies, prenatal smoking and alcohol exposure, poor nutrition, lead exposure, and traumatic brain injury. Persistent adult violence is argued to originate in aberrant temperamental behavior in early childhood, to have a stable developmental trajectory, and to be associated with impaired education, social, and occupational functioning. Taken together, it is argued that chronic adult violence meets criterion for being conceptualized as having neurodevelopmental origins and that an important, but not sole, source of neural maldevelopment lies in prenatal and early postnatal risk factors. This review concludes with a recognition of the sociopolitical context within which a neurodevelopmental perspective on chronic violence sits, together with directions for future research, including whether a neurodevelopmental hypothesis is best applied to reactive as opposed to proactive aggression.
Early‐life risk for domestic violence perpetration: Implications for practice and policy
Authors: Corvo Kenneth 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTResearch on risks and causes of domestic violence is hampered by a policy framework that not only does not fund but in some cases suppresses inquiry into those causes. This discussion, then, will be placed in the context of those policy frameworks that hamper and distort inquiry. This includes an overview of ideological, political, and historical issues that have shaped those frameworks. Related explanatory theories and theories of practice are summarized. The article will examine known early‐life risk factors for those disorders and behaviors associated with domestic violence perpetration. Particular emphasis will be placed on maltreatment and attachment/bonding processes. Framed in broad perspectives of psychosocial theory, risk factors from related literature sources (e.g. general violence and criminality) will be included where risk profiles are substantially similar.
MicroRNA‐23a inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in mice through a negative feedback regulation of sdcbp and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Shelian , Xu Qunyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMelanoma is the main cause of death associated with skin cancer. Surgical resection and adjuvant therapy are currently effective treatments, but the recurrence rate is very high. The understanding of microRNA (miR) dynamics after surgical resection of melanoma is essential to accurately explain the changes in the recurrence of melanoma. In this study, we hypothesized that microRNA‐23a (miR‐23a) affects the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma with a mechanism related to SDCBP and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. To validate this, we performed a series of experiments in cells of melanoma modeled. Initially, positive expression of SDCBP and morphology of normal and melanoma tissues and cells were observed. Expression of miR‐23a, SDCBP, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway‐related genes was identified in melanoma tissues. Melanoma cells transfected with mimic or inhibitor of miR‐23a or si‐SDCBP were detected to validate effect of miR‐23a on SDCBP and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. MTT assay, scratch test, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis in vitro, respectively. Tumorigenicity assay in nude mice was conducted to test the tumorigenesis of the transfected cells in vivo. High positive expression of SDCBP and abnormal morphology were observed in melanoma tissues and cells. Reduced expression of miR‐23a and increased expression of SDCBP and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway‐related genes were identified in the melanoma tissues of melanoma mice. Overexpressed miR‐23a dampened SDCBP and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The melanoma cells with overexpressed miR‐23a presented ascended cell apoptosis and descended cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as tumor size. Taken together, our study demonstrated that miR‐23a could inhibit the development of melanoma in mice through a negative feedback regulation of SDCBP and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(5):587–600, 2019
Leading Literacy Change Through Collaborative Analysis of Practice
Authors: Wilson Aaron , Lai Mei Kuin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
Effect of curcumin on glioblastoma cells
Authors: Hesari AmiReza , Rezaei Marzieh , Rezaei Maryam , Dashtiahangar Maryam , Fathi Mozhgan , Rad Jeyran Ganji , Momeni Fatemeh , Avan Amir , Ghasemi Faezeh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcumin longa L. There are growing bodies of evidence revealing the antitumor effect of curcumin in different tumors; although the molecular mechanism behind this inhibition in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) still remains unclear. Here we investigated the antitumor activity of nano micelles curcumin compared with erlotinib in U‐373 cells in monolayer cell cultures and spheroids models. Furthermore, we characterized affecting cell cycle perturbation, as well as apoptosis induction in GBM cells. The antiproliferative activity of nano micelles curcumin and erlotinib were assessed in monolayer and spheroid models. The influence of the cell cycle and expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was checked. Nano micelles curcumin suppressed cell growth in U‐373 cells via modulation of Wnt and NF‐κB pathways. Moreover, cells developed an early G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by sub‐G1 apoptosis and apoptotic bodies formation posttreatment with nano micelles curcumin and erlotinib. In the core signaling pathways of GBM, nano micelles curcumin either significantly influences the NF‐κB pathway by decreasing p‐65 expression or significantly inhibits the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by declining cyclin D1 expression. In conclusion, we have shown that nano micelles curcumin effectively prevent proliferation, and invasion of GBM cells through perturbation of Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB pathways, suggesting further investigations on the therapeutic application of this novel anticancer drug in in vivo models.
Systematic approach to the correct identification of Asplenium dalhousiae (Aspleniaceae) with their medicinal uses
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Shah Syed Nasar , Ullah Fazal , Ayaz Asma , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ali Ashaq 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn present study, multiple microscope techniques were used for the systematics identification of the species Asplenium dalhousiae. The plant was collected from different phytogeographical and its natural habitat of Pakistan, where it shows higher diversity. Morphology, foliar epidermal anatomy, and spore morphological characters of the species were studied in detailed using multiple microscopic techniques through light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LM and SEM were used for the systematics identification of the species. Traditionally, the species is used in the ailment of many diseases, so the spore morphology, anatomical features, and morphological characters are relevant to describe the species taxonomy. The importance of multiple methods of taxonomic study (e.g., documentation and morphological characteristics) for characterizing herbs are important step in systematic certification to maintain the efficacy of herbal medicines. The aim of the present study is to examine the morphological, anatomical, and spore morphology of the species A. dalhousiae in more detailed for the correct taxonomic identification and their medicinal validation from Pakistan.
Calcium activation of cortical neurons by continuous electrical stimulation: Frequency dependence, temporal fidelity, and activation density
Authors: Michelson Nicholas J. , Eles James R. , Vazquez Alberto L. , Ludwig Kip A. , Kozai Takashi D. Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the brain has become a mainstay of fundamental neuroscience research and an increasingly prevalent clinical therapy. Despite decades of use in basic neuroscience research and the growing prevalence of neuromodulation therapies, gaps in knowledge regarding activation or inactivation of neural elements over time have limited its ability to adequately interpret evoked downstream responses or fine‐tune stimulation parameters to focus on desired responses. In this work, in vivo two‐photon microscopy was used to image neuronal calcium activity in layer 2/3 neurons of somatosensory cortex (S1) in male C57BL/6J‐Tg(Thy1‐GCaMP6s)GP4.3Dkim/J mice during 30 s of continuous electrical stimulation at varying frequencies. We show frequency–dependent differences in spatial and temporal somatic responses during continuous stimulation. Our results elucidate conflicting results from prior studies reporting either dense spherical activation of somas biased toward those near the electrode, or sparse activation of somas at a distance via axons near the electrode. These findings indicate that the neural element specific temporal response local to the stimulating electrode changes as a function of applied charge density and frequency. These temporal responses need to be considered to properly interpret downstream circuit responses or determining mechanisms of action in basic science experiments or clinical therapeutic applications.
Positive Psychological States and Employee Creativity: The role of Ethical Leadership
Authors: Younas Amjad , Wang Daoping , Javed Basharat , Rawwas Mohammed Y.A. , Abdullah Iqra , Zaffar Muhammad Adeel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study explores a new theoretical model of employee creativity by investigating the impact of ethical leadership on creativity mediated by creative self‐efficacy and psychological safety. Data collected from 200 supervisor–subordinate dyads in Pakistan reveal that ethical leadership is positively related to creativity. Further, psychological safety partially mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity. However, creative self‐efficacy is found insignificant in the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity. The study discusses research and practical implications of the proposed new theoretical framework with regard to employee creativity.
A novel silk‐based vocal fold augmentation material: 6‐month evaluation in a canine model
Authors: Gulka Christopher P. , Brown Joseph E. , Giordano Jodie E.M. , Hickey Jennifer E. , Montero Maria P. , Hoang Anh , Carroll Thomas L. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesIdeal long‐term vocal fold augmentation materials should be biocompatible, easily administered, allow tissue integration for long‐term effect, and remain at the site of injection. A novel silk protein particle suspended in hyaluronic acid (Silk‐HA) has been developed specifically for vocal fold augmentation to address this unmet need. This article presents the 6‐month, preclinical findings of a canine vocal fold injection trial for Silk‐HA.MethodsTwelve beagle dogs were injected transorally in the lateral/deep aspect of their right thyroarytenoid muscles with 0.3 cc of Silk‐HA or calcium hydroxylapatite in carboxymethyl cellulose (CaHA‐CMC). The Silk‐HA particle injectable was delivered via a custom catheter, whereas CaHA‐CMC was delivered through a commercially available malleable needle. The six dogs from each material group were sacrificed 6 months from the injection date for the evaluation of implant longevity, immune response, and material migration.ResultsSilk‐HA provides immediate medialization of the right vocal fold, lasting for a minimum of 6 months in a canine model. Silk‐HA and CaHA‐CMC both demonstrate similar inflammatory responses. The Silk‐HA was shown to remain without migration at the site of injection in all six canine subjects, whereas CaHA‐CMC demonstrated migration in four of the six canines. In two canines implanted with CaHA‐CMC, material was discovered to migrate to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes.ConclusionIn a canine subject model, the Silk‐HA material compares favorably in terms of longevity and immune response to CaHA‐CMC. The lack of migration of the Silk‐HA material demonstrates a promising potential for vocal fold injection in the clinic.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1856–1862, 2019
The Impact of Nasalance on Cepstral Peak Prominence and Harmonics‐to‐Noise Ratio
Authors: Madill Catherine , Nguyen Duong Duy , Yick‐Ning Cham Kristie , Novakovic Daniel , McCabe Patricia 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisCepstral peak prominence (CPP) has been reported as a reliable measure of dysphonia and a preferred alternative to harmonics‐to‐noise ratio (HNR). However, CPP has been observed to be sensitive to articulatory variation and vocal intensity. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nasalance on CPP and HNR of voice signals. It was hypothesized that increased nasalance would be associated with decreased CPP.Study DesignWithin‐subject correlation design.MethodsThirty vocally healthy female participants were recorded reading and producing a vowel in alternation with a nasal consonant while wearing a nasometer for calculation of nasalance. Recorded vowel, nasalized, and nasal segments of speech were used to calculate CPP using Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice software, and HNR and vocal intensity using Praat software.ResultsSignificant main effects of conditions were observed for CPP. CPP values decreased significantly when phonation changed from vowel to nasalized vowel and to nasal. There was correlation between CPP and nasalance and between CPP and intensity. HNR was slightly higher in the nasal condition than in vowel. There was a weak correlation between HNR and nasalance. No correlation was found between HNR and intensity.ConclusionsCPP is sensitive to changes in vocal tract configuration caused by nasalization as well as intensity, whereas HNR is not. Therefore, CPP may reflect the periodicity in source signal or the filtering effects of vocal tract. Further research is needed to clarify the application and interpretation of CPP in clinical practice.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:E299–E304, 2019
The Effect of Octanoic Acid on Essential Voice Tremor: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Lowell Soren Y. , Kelley Richard T. , Monahan Marika , Hosbach‐Cannon Carly Jo , Colton Raymond H. , Mihaila Dragos 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of octanoic acid on acoustic, perceptual, and functional aspects of essential voice tremor (EVT).Study DesignProspective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study.MethodsSixteen participants with a diagnosis of EVT were randomized to a 3‐week dosing condition of octanoic acid or placebo, followed by a 2‐week washout period and crossover to the other condition for an additional 3 weeks. Baseline and post‐testing sessions were completed before and at the completion of each condition. Primary outcome measures were the magnitude of amplitude and frequency tremor, measured from the acoustic signal. Secondary outcomes were auditory‐perceptual ratings of tremor severity and self‐ratings of voice handicap.ResultsMagnitude of amplitude and frequency tremor were significantly lower after 3 weeks of octanoic acid dosing as compared to the placebo condition. Auditory‐perceptual ratings of tremor severity did not show significant differences between conditions. A trend toward better voice was seen for the sustained vowel ratings, but not the sentence‐level ratings. No significant differences between conditions were seen on self‐reported voice disability as assessed on the Voice Handicap Index‐10.ConclusionsThe results of this controlled investigation support the potential utility of octanoic acid for reducing the magnitude of tremor in people with EVT. Further research is needed to determine whether different dosing or treatment combinations can improve functional communication in EVT.Level of Evidence1Laryngoscope, 129:1882–1890, 2019
Laryngeal reconstruction for recurrent desmoid tumor using three‐dimensional modeling: A unique approach for a rare tumor
Authors: Tracy Lauren F. , Patel Samip N. , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N. 
Published: December 2018

Desmoid tumors are exceedingly rare within the larynx and cause significant morbidity due to their locally aggressive and infiltrative nature. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with previous reports describing total and near‐total laryngectomy for cure. We present a case of recurrent glottic desmoid tumor managed with hemilaryngectomy and reconstructed with temporoparietal free tissue, rib, and buccal grafts. Three‐dimensional modeling was utilized to optimize aerodigestive function after laryngeal reconstruction.Laryngoscope, 129:1989–1992, 2019
Age‐related changes in the gut microbiota of the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Gaughan Sarah , Chang Qing , Chen Hua , Lu Guoqing , Wang Xungang , Xu Liangliang , Zhu Lifeng , Jiang Jianping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe composition of the intestinal microbial community may vary across developmental stages. In this study, we explored how this microbial community shifted along the intestinal tract of the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) at various ages. Next‐generation sequencing was used to sequence the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from different kind of samples, including the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and rectum. The highest mean relative abundance of the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tract shifted in relation to age: within the first year, Bacteroidetes (47.76%) dominated the gut microbiome, whereas Proteobacteria was the most dominant at age 2 (32.88%) and age 3 (30.78%), and finally, Firmicutes was the most dominant at age 4 (34.70%). The overall richness of the gut bacterial community also generally increased from age 2 to 4. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the gut microbiome at age 2 had greater variability than that at either age 3 or 4, likely representing a shift in diet from yolk or redworms as a juvenile to shrimp or crab as an adult. As these salamanders develop, their gastrointestinal tracts increase in complexity, and this compartmentalization may also facilitate an increase in microbial gut diversity.
Benchtop NMR for the monitoring of bioprocesses
Authors: Bouillaud Dylan , Farjon Jonathan , Gonçalves Olivier , Giraudeau Patrick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBenchtop NMR devices are transportable, convenient, and affordable, unlike high‐field devices based on superconducting magnets. Such devices have opened numerous applications across a broad variety of scientific areas. This minireview focuses on the usefulness of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the monitoring of bioprocesses, highlighting new perspectives opened by the reduced size of devices in relaxometry, magnetic resonance imaging, and NMR spectroscopy. Using benchtop NMR in bioprocesses is not exempt of limitations—especially the loss of sensitivity and resolution arising from the use of a low magnetic field—and which are even further exacerbated by the sample complexity. Still, several studies have shown the efficiency of benchtop NMR in being a noninvasive probe to monitor the evolution of biological samples. If benchtop relaxometry and imaging have been developed for decades and have shown their capacity in monitoring such processes, the more recent emergence of the benchtop NMR spectroscopy gives a breath of fresh air for many applications and benefits from recent research led by spectroscopy specialists, which are adapted on these new devices, from nonconventional pulse sequences to advanced data processing. There is no doubt that these recent devices are powerful tools that will open numerous perspectives for the real‐time study of bioprocesses in the coming years.