bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and Health-Related Characteristics of a Safety-Net Patient Population
Authors: Agovi Afiba Manza-Azele , Anikpo Ifedioranma , Cvitanovich Matthew J. , Yan Lu , Chu Tzu-Chun , MacDonald Brooke , Gehr Aaron W. , Craten Kevin , Ojha Rohit P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Safety-net health systems are an important source of healthcare for underserved or vulnerable individuals, but definitions of safety-net institutions are largely based on patient characteristics. Some definitions may not accurately identify such institutions. Therefore, we aimed to describe the characteristics of urban safety-net patients in Texas and compare the distribution of morbidities between safety-net and general population patients. Methods We used hospital claims data from the Dallas-Fort Worth Hospital Council Foundation to create a cross-sectional cohort. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and Tarrant County residents in 2018. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison. The first group represented patients with hospital claims from JPS Health Network (i.e. safety-net population). The second group represented all patients with hospital claims in Tarrant County (i.e. general population). We estimated frequencies of patient characteristics. In addition, we estimated overall and payor-stratified standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity to compare the prevalence of common chronic diseases between safety-net patients and patients in the general population.Results Our study population comprised 459,827 patients, of whom 74,323 (16%) were safety-net patients. Patients aged ≥65 years comprised 23% of the general population and 11% of the safety-net population. Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 52% of the general population and 29% of safety-net patients. A larger proportion of safety-net patients were uninsured compared with general population patients (safety-net: 54%; general population: 25%), but Medicaid distribution was less discrepant (safety-net: 9%; general population: 7%). Medicare was the primary payor for 24% of general population patients and 14% of safety-net patients. Safety-net patients had relative excesses of mental health and chronic conditions ranging between 5% and 230% for all selected conditions except dementia/Alzheimer’s. The patterns for payor-stratified SMRs were consistent with the overall results.Conclusions We observed considerable sociodemographic diversity and a high burden of mental health and chronic conditions among safety-net patients, which may support understanding the healthcare needs of safety-net populations. Our findings raise questions about definitions of safety-net institutions based on Medicaid distribution alone and the transportability of findings from studies in which safety-net populations are unrepresented.
Role of information, education, and communication in enrollment of health insurance: A case of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Devkota Bhimsen , Gautam Kamal , Bhattarai Radha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Most of the studies have indicated that various programmes were failing due to lack of appropriate information, education, and communication [IEC] to the target audiences. But still unanswered that which methods or means of communication could be the most powerful for changing behaviour, decision making,and or desired action. The paper aims to assess the effects of IEC on the enrollment of health insurance in Nepal.Methods A cross-sectional study, with randomly selected 810 [405 enrolled and 405 not-enrolled] households, was conducted at Baglung and Kailali districts of Nepal in 2018 using pretested structured interview tool. Background characteristics of family and respondents, and exposure to the means of communication were independent variables; and enrollment of health insurance was the dependent variable. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done to interpret the data.Results Data show that socio-demographics and exposure to communication were associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Demographic characteristics of the respondents and households particularly household head, age, wealth status, ability to feed the family, and presence of chronic diseases in the family were significantly associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Similarly, exposure to communication and media such as knowledge on health insurance and contribution amount of health insurance, having health insurance related books or guidelines, participation in training and workshop, discussion with peers and neighbours, exposure to health insurance related messages from radio and television, seen hoarding board, newspaper, and health insurance related pamphlet, brochure, and posters were significantly associated with enrollment in health insurance. Knowledge about health insurance and contribution amount, having health insurance related books and guidelines, and discussion with peers and neighbours appeared to be the positive and significant predictors for enrollment in health insurance scheme.Conclusion Communication and interaction with peers and neighbours about health insurance scheme of the government could lead to higher participation in health insurance programme. It would be better to incorporate this strategy while planning policies and interventions on health insurance.
An analysis of certain fields of interventional drug trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry – India
Authors: Pillamarapu Mounika , Mohan Abhilash , Saberwal Gayatri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background There has been a significant increase in the number of trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI) recently. We therefore wished to understand the current landscape of interventional, drug trials that have run in India. Methods We downloaded all trial records on 4 April 2018, and queried the data after it was formatted into an SQLite database. We distinguished trials hosted by India (India-only trials) and those co-hosted by India and other countries (India-etc trials). Results We analyzed eight fields of data, with the following key results: (a) Year of registration: The India-etc set suffered a serious dip in 2013. Both sets increased sharply in 2017. (b) Phase: Phase 3 trials were the most common in both sets of data, but were manifold more common in the India-etc set. 30% of the India-only trials had no phase information. (c) Trial sites: Four states each account for 50% or more of the sites in both sets of data. Also, 7–8 cities accounted for 50% or more sites in both sets. (d) Ethics committees: Over 70% of India-only trials had a single ethics committee, but the India-etc trials had a much greater spread. For each set, the maximum exceeded 60 committees per trial. (e) Principal Investigator (PI): 84% and 73% of PIs in the India-only and India-etc sets, respectively, had run a single trial each. One PI had run as many as 44 trials. (f) Primary sponsors: global pharma companies sponsored less than 5% of the India-only set but 92% of the India-etc set. (g) Fraction of subjects from India in India-etc trials: An abnormally large fraction of participants are not recruited from India. (h) Countries co-hosting the India-etc trials: The pattern was similar to that found for international trials co-hosted by Australia. Conclusions It is important to understand the landscape of trials being run in any country, to understand the recent past, in case of any red flags, and to serve as inputs to changes in policy. The data also serves as a baseline for the future, to ascertain the impacts of new policies, locally or globally.
Does antiretroviral therapy packaging matter? Perceptions and preferences of antiretroviral therapy packaging for people living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.
Authors: Muiruri Charles , Jazowski Shelley A. , Semvua Seleman K. , Karia Francis P. , Knettel Brandon A. , Zullig Leah L. , Ramadhani Habib O , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Bartlett John A. , Bosworth Hayden B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Despite improvements in treatment (e.g., reduction in pill intake), antiretroviral therapy (ART) is dispensed in socially inefficient and uneconomical packaging. To make pills less conspicuous and decrease the risk of being stigmatized, people living with HIV (PLWH) often engage in self-repackaging – the practice of transferring ART from original packaging to alternative containers. This behavior has been associated with ART nonadherence and failure to achieve viral load suppression. While much of the literature on ART packaging has centered around medication adherence, patients stated preferences for ART packaging and packaging attributes that influence the observed ART nonadherence are understudied.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative study to elucidate perceptions of ART packaging among PLWH at two large referral hospitals in Northern Tanzania. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded.
Results: Of the sixteen participants whose data were used in the final analysis, a majority were between 36 and 55 years of age (Mean 45.5 years SD: 11.14), had primary-level education (n=11, 68.75%), were self-employed (n=9, 56.25%), and were taking ART for more than 6 years (n=11, 68.75%). Participants identified three attributes of ART packaging that increased anticipated HIV stigma and prompted self-repackaging, including visual identification, bulkiness, and the rattling noise produced by ART pill bottles.
Conclusions: Given the drastic reduction in the number of pills required for HIV treatment, there is opportunity to not only assess the cost-effectiveness of innovative ART packaging, but also evaluate the acceptability of such packaging among PLWH in order to address stigma and improve ART adherence.
Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Marzban Maryam , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Dabiri Shahryar , Rayeni Reza Abbasi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , Lashkarizadeh Mahdiyeh , Karimpour Behnaz , Khanjani Narges 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 284 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression test. Results: The use of opium was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.95, 95% CI: 3.78 -16.73). A significant dose-response relation between the use of opium and its derivatives was observed (low use AOR = 7.47, 95% CI: 2.33-23.98 and high use AOR = 11.57, 95% CI: 2.25-59.49). Also, there was a relation between starting to use O&D at lower ages and an increased risk of LC (AOR = 5.78, 95 % CI: 2.36 - 14.14). Conclusion: The results of this study support that opium use could be considered as a strong risk factor for LC. Thus, it is highly suggested that tailored policies to be applied in order to reduce use of opium.
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Water Supply, Sanitation And Hygiene (Wash) Among Residents In Arsi Nagele Town, South Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mako Getachew Meka , Gelanh Yordanos Kinfe , Mamo Bucho Yetera 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The national water coverage has been in increasing trend. However, unsafe water supply and poor sanitation practice was the major health concern which is causing diseases with considerable morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Arsi Nagele town inhabitants on water supply, sanitation and hygiene at household level.Method Community-based cross sectional study design was used at household level in Arsi Nagele town in April, 2019. Data was collected with structured questionnaires through face to face interview. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Result Four out of ten (43.8%) respondents know private taps are safe for drinking and domestic use while 116(40.4%) shared taps are safe. Moreover, 31(10.5%) know hand pump are safe and 16(5..3%) know unprotected well are safe for any domestic purpose. The majority of the respondents 260(90.5%) had positive attitude whereas 21 (7.1%) of the respondents negative and 8(2.5%) neutral attitude to the issue that in proper disposal of solid and liquid waste may contribute to the transmission of disease. While 241 (83.9%) of the respondent had positive attitude while 32(10.8%) and 16(5.2%) of the respondents had negative and neutral attitude to the view that human waste disposal is not a problem in that area. Conclusion The majority of respondent 250(87.1%) had good practice in case of cover the water storage container during the time of visit while 39(12.9%) of the respondent had bad practice. This calls urgent action to creat awareness on health education and hygiene household be promoted to influence the resident’s attitude that target personal, household and community hygiene and sanitation.
Reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among youths in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017.
Authors: Fikre Rekiku , Soresa Masresha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Youth make significant proportion of the population in Ethiopian. They have unique health related needs and wellbeing as they transition from childhood to adulthood. As a result they are involved to a variety of risky sexual behavior and face a lot of challenges. However, utilization of reproductive health service among youth is still low .Therefore the objective of this study was assessing reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among youths in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. Results Prevalence of reproductive health service utilization among youth was 34% (95%CI: 17.2-29.1). Predicator for utilization of reproductive health service among youth were, peer educators [AOR = 3.12, 95 % CI (5.76, 8.3)] youth club [AOR = 2.78,95 % CI (3.67, 9.11)], school min-media [AOR = 1.79, 95 % CI (1.00, 3.19) and approach of providers [AOR = 4.11, 95 % CI (5.54, 11.23)] were associated with utilization of reproductive health service.
Household food security and associated factors among Adult people living with HIV/AIDS attending ART clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia 2018.
Authors: FIKRE REKIKU , habtwelde Tamirayehu Seyoum 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Food security and adequate nutrition are fundamental to HIV treatment. There is emerging evidence that patients who begin ART without adequate nutrition have lower survival rates. The relationship between HIV epidemic and food security situation in Ethiopia is complex. Hence, it is likely that the epidemic will contribute to worsening widespread food insecurity. The aim of study was to assess the level of food security and associated factors among adult people living with HIV /AIDS attending ART Clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa city Administration 2018.
Results: Based on food security assessment core module scale 360 (67.3%) people living with HIV/AIDS were food insecure. People living with HIV/AIDS who disclose HIV status were 3.9 (AOR=3.902, 95% CI (1.238, 12.301) times more likely to be food secured compared with their counterparts. Subjects with Low Dietary diversity were 4.69 times less likely to be food secured than those with high dietary diversity AOR=4.696, 95% CI (1.536, 14.356).
Key words: Food security, disclosures, Household size, Hawassa town.
A Modified Decision Making e-Delphi Study of Canadian Schools of Nursing Academic Leaders’ Perceptions of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree as Educational Preparation for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Ahlquist Elijah John , Petrucka Pammla , Bassendowski Sandra , Dahl Diane 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective A shortage of doctorally prepared nursing educators is a significant challenge for Canadian undergraduate nursing education. Given the propensity for Canadian nurses to pursue doctoral education in the United States of America (USA), coupled with the extant nursing faculty shortages, the emergence of the American Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree is a potential alternative to the traditional PhD degree. The aim of this modified e-Delphi study is to explore perceptions of this degree as educational preparation for a faculty role. To this end, the research questions explore the key attributes in the selection of nursing faculty, the impact of tenure and promotion on faculty possessing practice-based terminal degrees, and the potential academic role for DNP-prepared faculty within the Canadian context. Results The findings suggest that research ability is an essential attribute for a faculty role, especially in a university setting, because of the emphasis placed on it within systems of tenure. An unexpected finding is the desire to recognize alternate forms of scholarship within systems of tenure. The participants also expressed that DNP-prepared faculty are suited to teaching track positions. On this basis, further research should be undertaken to expand on the findings of this exploratory study.
Iron deficiency among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Udho Samson , Nankumbi Joyce , Namutebi Mariam , Ndeezi Grace , Epuitai Joshua , Tumwine James K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia among pregnant women in Uganda. However, due to the high cost of biochemical tests required to determine iron deficiency, the prevalence and factors associated with iron deficiency remain largely unstudied in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Lira District-Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Maternal serum ferritin was used as a measure of iron deficiency and was determined using a Cobas 6000 Automated Analyzer. Iron deficiency was based on serum ferritin of <30 μg/L. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the associated factors.Results The prevalence of iron deficiency was 45%. Non-adherence to iron supplements (AOR: 2.05 95% CI: 1.02-4.12) & third trimester pregnancy (AOR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.20-2.94) were significantly associated with iron deficiency during pregnancy.Conclusion Nearly 5 in 10 of the participants had iron deficiency. Iron deficiency during pregnancy was associated with non-adherence to iron supplements and being in the third trimester of pregnancy. Midwives should encourage pregnant women to adhere to iron supplements during pregnancy especially pregnant women who are in the third trimester.
LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression in hormone-redox-cell wall network
Authors: Xue Lingzi , Jiang Fangling , Sun Mintao , Wu Zhen , Yu Lu , Yu Qinghui , Tang Yaping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Fruit cracking, occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions, is one of the main disorders in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plant have developed a defense mechanisms or regulatory networks in response to abiotic stress. This involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a kind of physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. Previously reported a single or sevel genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these efforts have involved cracking regulatory network.
Results
Here, 0, 8 and 30 h irrigation treatments resulted in differential expression of 1028 mRNAs and 87 lncRNAs in ‘LA1698’ (cracking resistant, CR) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 468 mRNAs and 15 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_0 h, 321 mRNAs and 19 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_8 h; 531 mRNAs and 75 lncRNAs in ‘LA2683’ (cracking susceptible, CS) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 420 mRNAs and 24 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_0 h, 270 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_8 h; 339 mRNAs and 64 lncRNAs in the two contrasting tomato genotypes at 0 h, 338 mRNAs and 94 lncRNAs at 8 h, and 369 mRNAs and 77 lncRNAs at 30 h. The GO pathway of the differentially expressed mRNAs are mainly enriched in ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’. In addition, lncRNAs regulated the expression of their neighboring genes and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network that influence tomato cracking.
Conclutions
This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. specifically lncRNAs regulated hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (including auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs (XLOC_010878 and XLOC_016662, ect) .
Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yu Xiaqing , Ottosen Carl-Otto , Zhang Tingling , Wu Zhen , Zhao Tongmin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.