bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harrodian instability in a post‐Keynesian growth and distribution model
Authors: Rogé Cédric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines afresh the problem of Harrodian instability by incorporating into a post‐Keynesian growth model an additional link, first proposed by Adrian Wood (A theory of profit, 1975), between firms’ pricing policies (which determine their profit margins) and their accumulation policies. It is assumed that firms’ pricing strategies are wholly linked to their need to self‐finance some of their investments. Such a link suggests, a priori, that there is an endogenous self‐correcting force, originating at the micro‐level, that is capable of mitigating Harrodian instability. When investment increases or declines uncontrolledly, the variation in the accompanying profit margin is able to exert a contrary smoothing effect on effective demand (through changes in the multiplier). It is shown, firstly, that this effect is such that it leads to the emergence of a basin of attraction for multiple stationary growth rates. However, there is every likelihood that the growth rates in this basin of attraction will be higher than the natural growth rate (and will therefore be unsustainable in the long term). It is shown, secondly, that a sufficiently high budget deficit makes it possible to draw the convergent growth rate space towards a state of stationary equilibrium within the “sphere of the possible”. It is shown, finally, that the state has sufficient room for manoeuvre to arbitrate between competing objectives (employment–distribution–budget deficit) by virtue of the existence of a whole continuum of stationary equilibria.
Gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin are not reliable as biomarkers of invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Mercier Toine , Reséndiz Sharpe Agustin , Waumans Dieter , Desmet Koen , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a life‐threatening opportunistic infection, but can be difficult to diagnose. New biomarkers are therefore needed. Gliotoxin (GT), a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus fumigatus, and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin (bmGT), a degradation product of GT, have been proposed as potential biomarkers. However, these findings have yet to be confirmed.ObjectivesTo identify the diagnostic potential of GT and bmGT in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) in haematology patients compared to galactomannan (GM).Materials and methodsWe prospectively collected culture supernatant, serum and BALf from patients with culture‐positive IPA and measured GT and bmGT concentrations using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Galactomannan was detected using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay.ResultsWe included 18 patients with proven (n = 6) and probable (n = 12) IPA, all with positive cultures for Aspergillus fumigatus. BmGT was only detected in serum from one patient (5.6%), whereas GM was positive (optical density ≥ 0.5) in 11/18 patients (61.1%, P = 0.002). We could not find GT in any serum sample. In BALf, bmGT was detected in 8/18 patients (44.4%) and GT in 9/18 patients (50%), compared to GM (optical density ≥ 1.0) in all patients (100%).ConclusionsGliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin had a very poor performance for diagnosing IPA. As other biomarkers are more sensitive and easier to detect, we would not recommend serum or BALf GT/bmGT to be used in the diagnosis of IPA.
Protease‐activated receptor 2 does not contribute to renal inflammation or fibrosis in the obstructed kidney
Authors: Ma Frank Y , Han Yingjie , Ozols Elyce , Chew Phyllis , Vesey David A , Gobe Glenda C , Morais Christudas , Lohman Rink‐Jan , Suen Jacky Y , Johnson David W , Fairlie David P , Nikolic‐Paterson David J 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimProtease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been implicated in the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis. In particular, activation of PAR2 in cultured tubular epithelial cells induces extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signalling and secretion of fibronectin, C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), suggesting a role in tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. We tested this hypothesis in unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) in which ongoing tubular epithelial cell damage drives tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.MethodsUnilateral ureteric obstruction surgery was performed in groups (n = 9/10) of Par2−/− and wild type (WT) littermate mice which were killed 7 days later. Non‐experimental mice were controls.ResultsWild type mice exhibited a 5‐fold increase in Par2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the UUO kidney. In situ hybridization localized Par2 mRNA expression to tubular epithelial cells in normal kidney, with a marked increase in Par2 mRNA expression by tubular cells, including damaged tubular cells, in WT UUO kidney. Tubular damage (tubular dilation, increased KIM‐1 and decreased α‐Klotho expression) and tubular signalling (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation) seen in WT UUO were not altered in Par2−/− UUO. In addition, macrophage infiltration, up‐regulation of M1 (NOS2) and M2 (CD206) macrophage markers, and up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory molecules (tumour necrosis factor, CCL2, interleukin‐36α) in WT UUO kidney were unchanged in Par2−/− UUO. Finally, the accumulation of α‐SMA+ myofibroblasts, deposition of collagen IV and expression of pro‐fibrotic factors (CTGF, TGF‐β1) were not different between WT and Par2−/− UUO mice.ConclusionProtease‐activated receptor 2 expression is substantially up‐regulated in tubular epithelial cells in the obstructed kidney, but this does not contribute to the development of tubular damage, renal inflammation or fibrosis.
Reading Heidegger
Authors: Smythe Elizabeth , Spence Deb 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeidegger’s philosophy is a significant contribution to understanding the meaning of lived experience. Recognizing this, nurses and other health professionals have taken on the research approach of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. This requires reading the writing of Heidegger. Philosophers themselves acknowledge this writing is dense, difficult to grasp, uses language for which there is no easy translation, and leaves the reader with more questions than answers. Drawing on commentary from philosophers who seek to read Heidegger and from a research study which interviewed doctoral students who were “reading Heidegger,” we seek to show the nature of the experience of pursuing such a challenging quest.
The draft genome of a wild barley genotype reveals its enrichment in genes related to biotic and abiotic stresses compared to cultivated barley
Authors: Liu Miao , Li Yan , Ma Yanling , Zhao Qiang , Stiller Jiri , Feng Qi , Tian Qilin , Liu Dengcai , Han Bin , Liu Chunji 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) and provides a rich source of genetic variations for barley improvement. Currently, the genome sequences of wild barley and its differences with cultivated barley remain unclear. In this study, we report a high‐quality draft assembly of wild barley accession (AWCS276; henceforth named as WB1), which consists of 4.28 Gb genome and 36 395 high‐confidence protein‐coding genes. BUSCO analysis revealed that the assembly included full lengths of 95.3% of the 956 single‐copy plant genes, illustrating that the gene‐containing regions have been well assembled. By comparing with the genome of the cultivated genotype Morex, it is inferred that the WB1 genome contains more genes involved in resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The presence of the numerous WB1‐specific genes indicates that, in addition to enhance allele diversity for genes already existing in the cultigen, exploiting the wild barley taxon in breeding should also allow the incorporation of novel genes. Furthermore, high levels of genetic variation in the pericentromeric regions were detected in chromosomes 3H and 5H between the wild and cultivated genotypes, which may be the results of domestication. This H. spontaneum draft genome assembly will help to accelerate wild barley research and be an invaluable resource for barley improvement and comparative genomics research.
Predicting chance of liver transplantation for pediatric wait‐list candidates
Authors: Luo Xun , Mogul Douglas B. , Massie Allan B. , Ishaque Tanveen , Bridges John F. P. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInformation about wait‐list time has been reported as one of the single most frequently asked questions by individuals awaiting a transplant but data regarding wait‐list time have not been processed in a useful way for pediatric candidates. To predict chance of receiving a DDLT, we identified 6471 pediatric (<18 years), non status‐1A, liver‐only transplant candidates between 2006 and 2017 from the SRTR. Cox regression with shared frailty for DSA level effect was used to model the association of blood type, weight, allocation PELD and MELD, and DSA with chance of DDLT. Jackknife technique was used for validation. Median (interquartile range) wait‐list time was 100 (34‐309) days. Non‐O Blood type, higher PELD/MELD score at listing, and DSA were associated with increased chance of DDLT, while age 1‐5 years and 10‐18 years was associated with lower chance of DDLT (P < 0.001 for all variables). Our model accurately predicted chance of transplant (C‐statistic = 0.68) and was able to predict DDLT at specific follow‐up times (eg, 3 months). This model can serve as the basis for an online tool that would provide useful information for pediatric wait‐list candidates.
Mutant induction in gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae) by heavy ion beam irradiation
Authors: Hirano Tomonari , Sato Yoichi , Ichinose Katsunori , Yamada Mieko , Hayashi Yoriko , Fukunishi Nobuhisa , Abe Tomoko 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
Undaria pinnatifida, the brown macroalga, is a major commercial edible seaweed, and there is increasing interest in breeding new, improved cultivars for market expansion. In this study, we attempted to establish mutagenesis in U. pinnatifida using Ar and C ion beams as mutagens to meet future demands. To screen irradiated generations for mutants, U. pinnatifida zoospores irradiated with Ar and C ion beams were cultivated in plastic Petri dishes. Some gametophytes derived from the irradiated zoospores showed growth arrest or cell death at the initial developmental stage. Although the growth inhibition and lethal effects were observed at high doses of each ion irradiation, the Ar ion irradiation had high biological effects on cell division and growth. The gametophytes that showed a reduction in cell elongation were designated as an inhibited cell elongation mutant. A comparison of the mutant induction frequencies revealed that the C ion beam showed a higher frequency than the Ar ion beam. The highest frequency was 0.83% at 12.5 Gy of the C ion beam. We determined the total number of sporophytes and embryos per female gametophyte after sporophyte induction. High‐dose irradiation with the Ar ion beam decreased the embryo and sporophyte formation, suggesting that the Ar ion beam also has exhibited high biological effects on the fertilization or embryogenesis processes or both. The developed heavy ion mutagenesis and mutant screening methods would be useful for mutation breeding and constructing specific mutant libraries in brown algae, and not only in U. pinnatifida.
Tracking the Evolution of Literary Style via Dirichlet–Multinomial Change Point Regression
Authors: Ross Gordon J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIt is typical in stylometry to assume that authors have a unique writing style which is common to all their published writings and is constant over time. Based on this assumption, statistical techniques can be used to answer literary questions, such as authorship attribution, in a quantitative manner. However, the claim that authors have a constant literary style has not received much investigation or validation. We propose a collection of statistical models based on Dirichlet–multinomial change point regression which can capture the evolution of writing style over time, including both gradual changes in style as the author matures, and abrupt changes which can be caused by extreme events in the author’s life. To illustrate our framework, we study the literary output of the celebrated British author Sir Terry Pratchett, who was tragically diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease during the last years of his life. Contrary to the usual assumptions made in stylometry, we find evidence of both gradual changes in style over his lifetime, and an abrupt change which corresponds to his Alzheimer’s diagnosis. We also investigate the published writings of Agatha Christie, who is also rumoured to have suffered from Alheizmer’s disease towards the end of her life, and find evidence of gradual drift, but no corresponding abrupt change. The implications for stylometry and authorship attribution are discussed.
Spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its socioeconomic influencing factors in mainland China 2013–2016
Authors: Wang Qi , Guo Liang , Wang Jing , Zhang Leijie , Zhu Wanqi , Yuan Yan , Li Juansheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the spatial epidemic characteristics of TB and identify the key areas for disease prevention and control.ObjectiveTo explore the spatial distribution and socioeconomic influencing factors of TB in mainland China from 2013 to 2016.MethodsSpatial autocorrelation was used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of TB at the quantitative level. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were conducted to explore the association between factors and TB incidence from both global and local perspectives.ResultsThere was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of TB at the provincial level (P < 0.05): hot spots were mainly located in the west of Xinjiang and Tibet, and cold spots in the eastern coastal areas. Four latent factors on the socioeconomic dimension, involving the proportion of illiterate people aged 15 and over, per capita disposable income in rural areas, the number of health technicians per 1000 population and the urban population density, were associated with TB incidence. The GWR model showed that the effect of the same factor on TB incidence varied with geographical location.ConclusionsSpatial clustering of TB incidence in mainland China still exists. The differences of socioeconomic factors in different locations can be confirmed by GWR model. Targeted preventive and control measures or policies will be conducive in effectively reducing the incidence of TB, especially in hot spots.
Affinity‐based high‐resolution analysis of DNA binding by VASCULAR‐RELATED NAC‐DOMAIN7 via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Tamura Taizo , Endo Hitoshi , Suzuki Atsunobu , Sato Yutaka , Kato Ko , Ohtani Misato , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Demura Taku 
Published: July 2019

SummaryVASCULAR‐RELATED NAC‐DOMAIN7 (VND7) is the master transcription factor for vessel element differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. To identify the cis‐acting sequence(s) bound by VND7, we employed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to find VND7–DNA interactions quantitatively. This identified an 18‐bp sequence from the promoter of XYLEM CYSTEINE PEPTIDASE1 (XCP1), a direct target of VND7. A quantitative assay for binding affinity between VND7 and the 18‐bp sequence revealed the core nucleotides contributing to specific binding between VND7 and the 18‐bp sequence. Moreover, by combining the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique with known consensus sequences, we defined a motif termed the Ideal Core Structure for binding by VND7 (ICSV). We also used FCS to search for VND7 binding sequences in the promoter regions of other direct targets. Taking these data together, we proposed that VND7 preferentially binds to the ICSV sequence. Additionally, we found that substitutions among the core nucleotides affected transcriptional regulation by VND7 in vivo, indicating that the core nucleotides contribute to vessel‐element‐specific gene expression. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that FCS is a powerful tool for unveiling the DNA‐binding properties of transcription factors.
Detecting and quantifying stress granules in tissues of multicellular organisms with the Obj.MPP analysis tool
Authors: De Graeve Fabienne , Debreuve Eric , Rahmoun Somia , Ecsedi Szilvia , Bahri Alia , Hubstenberger Arnaud , Descombes Xavier , Besse Florence 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStress granules (SGs) are macromolecular assemblies induced by stress and composed of proteins and mRNAs stalled in translation initiation. SGs play an important role in the response to stress and in the modulation of signaling pathways. Furthermore, these structures are related to the pathological ribonucleoprotein (RNP) aggregates found in neurodegenerative disease contexts, highlighting the need to understand how they are formed and recycled in normal and pathological contexts. Although genetically tractable multicellular organisms have been key in identifying modifiers of RNP aggregate toxicity, in vivo analysis of SG properties and regulation has lagged behind, largely due to the difficulty of detecting SG from images of intact tissues. Here, we describe the object detector software Obj.MPP and show how it overcomes the limits of classical object analyzers to extract the properties of SGs from wide‐field and confocal images of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila tissues, respectively. We demonstrate that Obj.MPP enables the identification of genes modulating the assembly of endogenous and pathological SGs, and thus that it will be useful in the context of future genetic screens and in vivo studies.
Ultrasonographic findings post laryngoplasty in the horse
Authors: Miller Sean , Carstens Ann 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLaryngoplasty is commonly used to treat laryngeal hemiplegia in Thoroughbred racehorses. Evaluation of the success of the laryngoplasty is traditionally determined using endoscopy. Laryngeal ultrasonography and normal ultrasonographic appearance have been reported in the standing horse, but post‐laryngoplasty and ventriculectomy ultrasonographic evaluation has limited literature coverage. A prospective case series of 10 Thoroughbred racehorses with left laryngeal hemiplegia was examined ultrasonographically and endoscopically prior to 3‐10 days, 30‐50 days, and 6‐12 months after laryngoplasty and ventriculectomy. Anatomical structures and Plica vocalis movements were described and measurements and gradings analyzed by repeated means analysis of variance (P < .05). Postsurgical ultrasonographic visualization of Ventriculus laryngis entrances was possible. The distance between Plica vocalis in exhalation was significantly larger than that during inhalation (P < .05). Pre‐ and postsurgical caudal Basihyoideum and rostral Cartilago thyroidea depth was significantly different in some instances (P < .05). No significant differences in the Muscularis cricoarytenoideus lateralis measurements were found. Complications in the extra‐luminal structures were found in seven horses including soft tissue swelling, seroma, and hematoma. A luminal Plica vocalis abscess and Plica vocalis granuloma were also detected ultrasonographically. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the post‐laryngoplasty horse for assessing the success of the procedure, monitoring healing, and detecting complications.
Effectiveness of endoscopic versus external surgical approaches in the treatment of orbital complications of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sekhar Vimal , Ao Jack , Iqbal Isma , Ooi Eng Hooi , Munn Zachary 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:This review aims to investigate and compare the effectiveness of endoscopic drainage techniques against external drainage techniques for the treatment of orbital and subperiosteal abscesses as a complication of rhinosinusitis.Introduction:Transnasal endoscopic drainage and external drainage techniques have been used in the management of subperiosteal orbital abscesses secondary to rhinosinusitis. Each of these approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages, with extensive literature describing each technique separately. However, there is a lack of guidance in the studies on assessing and comparing the safety, effectiveness and suitability of these techniques. This review aims to compare the effectiveness of these techniques based on measuring outcomes in the literature such as: length of postoperative hospital stay, rate of revision surgery and complication rates.Inclusion criteria:Eligible studies will include people of all ages diagnosed with subperiosteal abscess, orbital abscess or cavernous sinus thrombosis (Chandler stages III–V) secondary to rhinosinusitis disease, who have also undergone drainage via either an endoscopic approach, external approach or combined surgical approach.Methods:A comprehensive search of both published and unpublished literature will be performed to uncover studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Reference lists of studies included in final analyses will also be manually searched and subject matter experts contacted to investigate other sources of literature. Two reviewers will screen studies and a third reviewer will resolve disagreements. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analysis with heterogeneity of data being assessed using the standard Chi-squared andI2tests.
Effect of the Broken Rib Locations on the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Rotating Latticework Duct
Authors: Du Wei , Luo Lei , Wang Songtao , Liu Jian , Sunden Bengt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA numerical method was used to study the effect of the broken rib locations on the heat transfer and flow structure in the latticework duct with various rotational numbers. The latticework duct had eleven subchannels on both the pressure side and the suction side. The crossing angle for each subchannel was 45 deg. The numerical studies were conducted with five different broken rib locations and six rotational numbers (0–0.5). The Reynolds number was fixed as 44,000. The flow structure, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number distributions were analyzed. It was found that the upward spiral flow and helical flow dominated the flow structure in the latticework duct. In addition, the impingement region (at the beginning of the subchannel) induced by the upward spiral flow was responsible for the high Nusselt number and wall shear stress. After adoption of the broken rib in the latticework duct, the Nusselt number was increased by 6.12% on the pressure endwall surface and increased by 6.02% on the rib surface compared to the traditional latticework duct. As the rotational number was increased, the Nusselt number on the pressure endwall surface was decreased by up to 5.4%. However, the high rotational number enhanced the heat transfer on the suction side. The high rotational number also decreased the friction factor in the latticework duct. Furthermore, the overall thermal performance was increased by 12.12% after adoption of the broken ribs on both the turn region and the impingement region.