bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Aged Insecticide Residues on Chrysoperla johnsoni (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Amarasekare Kaushalya G , Brown Preston H , Shearer Peter W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We studied the direct (lethal) and indirect (sublethal) effects of field-aged insecticide residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin on adults and larvae of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla johnsoni Henry, Wells and Pupedis an important generalist predator in western United States pear orchards. We applied formulated pesticides using their high label rates mixed with 935 liters/ha of water on pear trees utilizing an airblast sprayer. We collected leaves from the experiment trees at 1, 7, 14, 21 days after treatment (DAT) and exposed C. johnsoni adults and second instars to insecticide residues or untreated control for 72 h. We monitored larvae that survived the treatments until adult emergence (for larvae) or adults until death (for paired adults). We assessed the adults for acute and chronic mortality, longevity, fecundity, and fertility, and larvae for acute mortality, sex ratio, developmental time, and survival of adults emerged from treated second instars, to determine lethal and sublethal effects. The field-exposed insecticide residues of chlorantraniliprole exhibited higher lethal and sublethal toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period when compared with the field-exposed residue toxicities of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram. The field-exposed residue of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram exhibited moderate toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period. Results from this study show similar trends with previous studies using multiple routes of exposure laboratory assays and field experiments on Chrysoperla sp. The direct and indirect effects of field-aged residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin on C. johnsoni are discussed.
Accounting for Mismatch Unemployment
Authors: Herz Benedikt , van Rens Thijs 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigate unemployment due to mismatch in the United States over the past three and a half decades. We propose an accounting framework that allows us to estimate the contribution of each of the frictions that generated labor market mismatch. Barriers to job mobility account for the largest part of mismatch unemployment, with a smaller role for barriers to worker mobility. We find little contribution of wage-setting frictions to mismatch.
All roads lead to Rome: Internationalization strategies of Chinese law firms
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOn the basis of a hand-collected sample of 123 Chinese law firms, this article offers a comprehensive empirical examination into their globalization efforts. It finds that the majority of the firms have endeavoured to expand overseas than not. The most frequently used strategies are international offices and formal cross-border referral networks. While all law firms are enthusiastic to echo and tag along the government-led ‘Going Out’ initiatives so as to claim legitimacy for their activities, the firms with secondary or lower tier reputation tend to implement it on a more substantive level. Overall, Chinese law firms are still at the initial stage of their internationalization process, and there are considerable discrepancies between actual practices and the formal structures. This is most evident when many of the international offices are in fact associated or merged but subtly marketed as directly invested, thus illustrating that internationalization often carries symbolic value in the eyes of clients. This said, a closer look at the overseas offices with resident lawyers reveals that Chinese law firms are often also calculative entrepreneurs, who know where their competitiveness lies. They purposefully organize their offices to focus on trade route underpinned work, especially the niche market of the outbound Chinese SMEs. As such, pragmatism, entrepreneurship, and state power dynamically interact with each other in shaping the internationalization trajectories of Chinese law firms.
Beyond ‘blue-collar professionalism’: Continuity and change in the professionalization of uniformed emergency services work
Authors: McCann Leo , Granter Edward 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe sociology of professions has so far had limited connections to emergency services occupations. Research on emergency occupations tends to focus on workplace culture and identity, often emphasizing continuity rather than change. Police officers, firefighters, and paramedics have their historical roots in manual, technical, or ‘semi-professional’ occupations and their working lives still bear many of the hallmarks of blue-collar, uniformed ‘street-level’ work. But uniformed emergency services—like many other occupations—are increasingly undergoing processes of ‘professionalization’. The organizations in which they are employed and the fields in which they work have undergone significant change and disruption, calling into question the core features, cultures, and duties of these occupations. This article argues that sociology of work on emergency services could be helpfully brought into closer contact with the sociology of professions in order to better understand these changes. It suggests four broad empirical and conceptual domains where meaningful connections can be made between these literatures, namely, leadership and authority; organizational goals and objectives; professional identities; and ‘extreme’ work. Emergency services are evolving in complex directions while retaining certain long-standing and entrenched features. Studying emergency occupations as professions also sheds new light on the changing nature of ‘professionalism’ itself.
Does Individual Health Have Implications for Individuals’ Attitudes towards Minority Groups? A Case Study from the Greek Population
Authors: Hall Jonathan , Rapp Carolin , Eikemo Terje Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImmunological defence against pathogens and behavioural responses to members of other ethnic or racial groups may be understood as co-evolved solutions to a commonly recurring adaptive problem in our ancestral environment: the need to avoid infectious disease. In recent years, research on the concept of the behavioural immune system has highlighted behavioural defence, showing in particular that individual-level disgust sensitively is associated with greater prejudice towards members of other—particularly stigmatized—social groups. Stigma thus represents in part a human disease-avoidance strategy. This mechanism is thereby assumed to be particularly strong for individuals who report poor mental and/or physical health. In this article, we draw upon MIGHEAL data to examine how health vulnerabilities impact prejudice towards new immigrants in Greece—a key refugee- and migrant-receiving society. The findings have direct implications for the political consequences of health interventions: policies that result in enhanced immune-system functioning and resilience to health shocks may reduce prejudice towards new migrants, enhancing a society’s capacity to receive and integrate refugees and other migrants. Health policy may thus provide an avenue by which societies improve their responses to large-scale migration flows—a policy area that arguably represents the greatest moral crisis of our time.
A radio halo surrounding the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in RXCJ0232.2–4420: a mini-halo in transition?
Authors: Kale Ruta , Shende Krishna M , Parekh Viral 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Diffuse radio sources associated with the intra-cluster medium are direct probes of the cosmic ray electrons and magnetic fields. We report the discovery of a diffuse radio source in the galaxy cluster RXCJ0232.2–4420 (SPT-CL J0232–4421, z = 0.2836) using 606 MHz observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The diffuse radio source surrounds the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in the cluster-like typical radio mini-haloes. However the total extent of it is 550 × 800 kpc2, which is larger than mini-haloes and similar to that of radio haloes. The BCG itself is also a radio source with a marginally resolved core at 7 arcsec (30 kpc) resolution. We measure the 606 MHz flux density of the RH to be 52 ± 5 mJy. Assuming a spectral index of 1.3, the 1.4 GHz radio power is 4.5 × 1024 W Hz−1. The dynamical state of the cluster has been inferred to be 'relaxed’ and also as 'complex’, depending on the classification methods based on the morphology of the X-ray surface brightness. This system thus seems to be in the transition phase from a mini-halo to a radio halo.
MutationDistiller: user-driven identification of pathogenic DNA variants
Authors: Hombach Daniela , Schuelke Markus , Knierim Ellen , Ehmke Nadja , Schwarz Jana Marie , Fischer-Zirnsak Björn , Seelow Dominik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMutationDistiller is a freely available online tool for user-driven analyses of Whole Exome Sequencing data. It offers a user-friendly interface aimed at clinicians and researchers, who are not necessarily bioinformaticians. MutationDistiller combines MutationTaster's pathogenicity predictions with a phenotype-based approach. Phenotypic information is not limited to symptoms included in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), but may also comprise clinical diagnoses and the suspected mode of inheritance. The search can be restricted to lists of candidate genes (e.g. virtual gene panels) and by tissue-specific gene expression. The inclusion of GeneOntology (GO) and metabolic pathways facilitates the discovery of hitherto unknown disease genes. In a novel approach, we trained MutationDistiller's HPO-based prioritization on authentic genotype–phenotype sets obtained from ClinVar and found it to match or outcompete current prioritization tools in terms of accuracy. In the output, the program provides a list of potential disease mutations ordered by the likelihood of the affected genes to cause the phenotype. MutationDistiller provides links to gene-related information from various resources. It has been extensively tested by clinicians and their suggestions have been valued in many iterative cycles of revisions. The tool, a comprehensive documentation and examples are freely available at https://www.mutationdistiller.org/
Functional MRI reveals evidence of a self-positivity bias in the medial prefrontal cortex during the comprehension of social vignettes
Authors: Fields Eric C , Weber Kirsten , Stillerman Benjamin , Delaney-Busch Nathaniel , Kuperberg Gina R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA large literature in social neuroscience has associated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with the processing of self-related information. However, only recently have social neuroscience studies begun to consider the large behavioral literature showing a strong self-positivity bias, and these studies have mostly focused on its correlates during self-related judgments and decision-making. We carried out a functional MRI (fMRI) study to ask whether the mPFC would show effects of the self-positivity bias in a paradigm that probed participants’ self-concept without any requirement of explicit self-judgment. We presented social vignettes that were either self-relevant or non-self-relevant with a neutral, positive or negative outcome described in the second sentence. In previous work using event-related potentials, this paradigm has shown evidence of a self-positivity bias that influences early stages of semantically processing incoming stimuli. In the present fMRI study, we found evidence for this bias within the mPFC: an interaction between self-relevance and valence, with only positive scenarios showing a self vs other effect within the mPFC. We suggest that the mPFC may play a role in maintaining a positively biased self-concept and discuss the implications of these findings for the social neuroscience of the self and the role of the mPFC.
Identifying the relevant carbohydrate storage pools available for remobilization in aspen roots
Authors: Wiley Erin , King Carolyn M , Landhäusser Simon M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) remobilization remains poorly understood in trees. In particular, it remains unclear (i) which tissues (e.g., living bark or xylem) and compounds (sugars or starch) in woody plants are the main sources of remobilized carbon, (ii) to what extent these NSC pools can be depleted and (iii) whether initial NSC mass or concentration is a better predictor of regrowth potential following disturbance. To address these questions, we collected root segments from a large mature trembling aspen stand; we then allowed them to resprout (sucker) in the dark and remobilize NSC until all sprouts had died. We found that initial starch mass, not concentration, was the best predictor of subsequent sprout mass. In total, more NSC mass (~4×) was remobilized from the living inner bark than the xylem of the roots. After resprouting, root starch was generally depleted to <0.6% w/w in both tissues. In contrast, a large portion of sugars appear unavailable for remobilization: sugar concentrations were only reduced to 12% w/w in the bark and 2% in the xylem. These findings suggest that in order to test whether plant processes like resprouting are limited by storage we need to (i) measure storage in the living bark, not just the xylem, (ii) consider storage pool size—not just concentration—and (iii) carefully determine which compounds are actually components of the storage pool.
2Science and Medicine
Authors: Chico Tita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe titles reviewed in this chapter concern science and medicine studies. They represent work drawn from a variety of contexts and disciplinary perspectives, including science and technology, the history of science, literary studies, critical race theory, medical humanities, cultural anthropology, public health, the philosophy of science, transnationalism, media studies, archive studies, and book history. The chapter opens with 1. Notable Books—extended discussions of three especially significant books. Subsequent sections are dedicated to: 2. Bodies and Embodiment; 3. Epistemology and Dissemination; 4. Institutions and Praxis; and 5. Conversations (Journals). Readers will note certain themes running throughout, which include decolonizing science, embodiment, form, circulation, and praxis.
Pediatric Hodgkin disease in Brazil: a disease with a highly heterogeneous treatment
Authors: Peres Fernanda Lagares Xavier , Chagas Antônia Pardo , Dassi Natália , Almeida Thais G. , Cagol Ângela Rech , Lorea Cecília Fernandes , Santiago Pablo , de Borba Laura Garcia , Daudt Liane Esteves , Michalowski Mariana Bohns 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTStandard of care and protocols for the treatment of pediatric cancer lead to a clear improvement in survival rates and quality of life. Little is known about how these treatments are implemented in Brazil. Our study aimed to evaluate children treated for Hodgkin disease (HD) in south Brazil between 2002 and 2013 through the analysis of medical records in 6 different centers.ResultsFifty-nine children and adolescents were included. The median age was 12 years (range 3-18 years). Male:female ratio was 1.95:1. Localized disease (stage I/II) was observed in 30 patients (50.8%) while the remaining 29 (49.2%) had advanced disease (Stage III/IV).The chemotherapeutic treatment schema was different among services and comprised three different based protocols. ABVD schema was the most frequently used (52 children (88.1%)). The number of cycles was highly variable (4-16 cycles) even at the same clinical stage and with similar clinical response.ConclusionThese data highlight the importance of turning the “best practice policies” readily available to all pediatric oncologists. Local protocols allow integrative studies among centers that would certainly maintain or improve cure rates, reduce long-term toxicity and evaluate specific biological characteristics of these diseases in our population. For these reasons, we reinforce the idea that standardization of treatment in pediatric oncology is a child health priority and also a viable low-cost strategy to improve care in middle-income countries such as Brazil.
Medicago truncatulaFerroportin2 mediates iron import into nodule symbiosomes
Authors: Escudero Viviana , Abreu Isidro , Tejada-Jiménez Manuel , Rosa-Núñez Elena , Quintana Julia , Isabel Prieto Rosa , Larue Camille , Wen Jianqi , Villanova Julie , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Argüello José M. , Castillo-Michel Hiram , Imperial Juan , González-Guerrero Manuel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIron is an essential cofactor for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It is required by many of the enzymes facilitating the conversion of N2into NH4+by endosymbiotic bacteria living within root nodule cells, including signal transduction proteins, O2homeostasis systems, and nitrogenase itself. Consequently, host plants have developed a transport network to deliver essential iron to nitrogen-fixing nodule cells. Model legumeMedicago truncatula Ferroportin2(MtFPN2) is a nodule-specific gene that encodes an iron-efflux protein. MtFPN2 is located in intracellular membranes in the nodule vasculature, and in the symbiosome membranes that contain the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the differentiation and early-fixation zones of the nodules. Loss-of-function ofMtFPN2leads to altered iron distribution and speciation in nodules, which causes a reduction in nitrogenase activity and in biomass production. Using promoters with different tissular activity to driveMtFPN2expression inMtFPN2mutants, we determined that MtFPN2-facilitated iron delivery across symbiosomes is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, while its presence in the vasculature does not seem to play a major role in in the conditions tested.
TRITEX: chromosome-scale sequence assembly of Triticeae genomes with open-source tools
Authors: Monat Cécile , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Lux Thomas , Wicker Thomas , Gundlach Heidrun , Himmelbach Axel , Ens Jennifer , Li Chengdao , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Schulman Alan H. , Waugh Robbie , Braumann Ilka , Pozniak Curtis , Scholz Uwe , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Spannagl Manuel , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChromosome-scale genome sequence assemblies underpin pan-genomic studies. Recent genome assembly efforts in the large-genome Triticeae crops wheat and barley have relied on the commercial closed-source assembly algorithm DeNovoMagic. We have developed TRITEX, an open-source computational workflow that combines paired-end, mate-pair, 10X Genomics linked-read with chromosome conformation capture sequencing data to construct sequence scaffolds with megabase-scale contiguity ordered into chromosomal pseudomolecules. We evaluated the performance of TRITEX on publicly available sequence data of tetraploid wild emmer and hexaploid bread wheat, and constructed an improved annotated reference genome sequence assembly of the barley cultivar Morex as a community resource.
Shake-it-off: A simple ultrasonic cryo-EM specimen preparation device
Authors: Rubinstein John L. , Guo Hui , Ripstein Zev A. , Haydaroglu Ali , Au Aaron , Yip Christopher M. , Di Trani Justin M. , Benlekbir Samir , Kwok Timothy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough microscopes and image analysis software for electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) have improved dramatically in recent years, specimen preparation methods have lagged behind. Most strategies still rely on blotting microscope grids with paper to produce a thin film of solution suitable for vitrification. This approach loses more than 99.9% of the applied sample and requires several seconds, leading to problematic air-water interface interactions for macromolecules in the resulting thin film of solution and complicating time-resolved studies. Recently developed self-wicking EM grids allow use of small volumes of sample, with nanowires on the grid bars removing excess solution to produce a thin film within tens of milliseconds from sample application to freezing. Here we present a simple cryo-EM specimen preparation device that uses components from an ultrasonic humidifier to transfer protein solution onto a self-wicking EM grid. The device is controlled by a Raspberry Pi single board computer and all components are either widely available or can be manufactured by online services, allowing the device to be constructed in laboratories that specialize in cryo-EM, rather than instrument design. The simple open-source design permits straightforward customization of the instrument for specialized experiments.SynopsisA method is presented for high-speed low-volume cryo-EM specimen preparation with a device constructed from readily available components.
Control of density and composition in an engineered two-member bacterial community
Authors: McCardell Reed D. , Pandey Ayush , Murray Richard M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs studies continue to demonstrate how our health is related to the status of our various commensal microbiomes, synthetic biologists are developing tools and approaches to control these microbiomes and stabilize healthy states or remediate unhealthy ones. Building on previous work to control bacterial communities, we have constructed a synthetic two-member bacterial consortium engineered to reach population density and composition steady states set by inducer inputs. We detail a screening strategy to search functional parameter space in this high-complexity genetic circuit as well as initial testing of a functional two-member circuit.We demonstrate non-independent changes in total population density and composition steady states with a limited set of varying inducer concentrations. After a dilution to perturb the system from its steady state, density and composition steady states are not regained. Modeling and simulation suggest a need for increased degradation of intercellular signals to improve circuit performance. Future experiments will implement increased signal degradation and investigate the robustness of control of each characteristic to perturbations from steady states.