bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly specialized Cretaceous beetle parasitoids (Ripiphoridae) identified with optimized visualization of microstructures
Authors: Batelka Jan , Prokop Jakub , Pohl Hans , Bai Ming , Zhang Weiwei , Beutel Rolf G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExtremely miniaturized longipedes insects (body length c. 0.3 mm) embedded in two pieces of Cretaceous amber from Myanmar are described and interpreted. Using inverted fluorescence and light microscopy for detailed analysis of microstructures, the inclusions were identified as primary larvae of the beetle family Ripiphoridae, subfamily Ripidiinae. While the structure of thoracic and abdominal segments including appendages corresponds well with the groundplan known in recent members of Ripidiinae, a curved prosternal ridge with prominent spines (each c. 5 μm), the reduced condition of stemmata and antennae and the lack of sharp mandibles are unique features within the entire family, apparently apomorphies of the longipedes larvae. A sinuate prosternal edge with a dense row of spines (prosternoctenidium) might be homologous with ‘head ctenidia’ in some previously described miniaturized conicocephalate larvae, but further investigation is needed. The morphological differences between the head of longipedes larvae and extant Ripidiinae are interpreted as adaptations to different groups of hosts and life strategies. Palaeoethology of the longipedes larvae is briefly discussed. In addition, the systematic placement of conicocephalate larvae from Canadian, Myanmar and Russian Cretaceous ambers, already interpreted by various authors as primary instars within Coleopterida (assigned to either Strepsiptera or to the coleopteran Tenebrionoidea: Ripiphoridae), is discussed.
Magnitude and pattern of improvement in processes of care for hospitalised children with diarrhoea and dehydration in Kenyan hospitals participating in a clinical network
Authors: Akech Samuel , Ayieko Phillip , Irimu Grace , Stepniewska Kasia , English Mike ,   Clinical Information Network authors
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWHO recommends optimisation of available interventions to reduce deaths of under‐five children with diarrhoea and dehydration (DD). Clinical networks may help improve practice across many hospitals but experience with such networks is scarce. We describe magnitude and patterns of changes in processes of care for children with DD over the first 3 years of a clinical network.MethodsObservational study involving children aged 2–59 months with DD admitted to 13 hospitals participating in the clinical network. Processes of individual patient care including agreement of assessment, diagnosis and treatment according to WHO guidelines were combined using the composite Paediatric Admission Quality of Care (PAQC) score (range 0–6).ResultsData from 7657 children were analysed and improvements in PAQC scores were observed. Predicted mean PAQC score for all the hospitals at enrolment was 59.8% (95% CI: 54.7, 64.9) but showed a wide variation (variance 10.7%, 95% CI: 5.8, 19.6). Overall mean PAQC score increased by 13.8% (95% CI: 8.7–18.9, SD between hospitals: ±8.2) in the first 12 months, with an average 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3–1.5, SD ± 1.0) increase per month and plateaued thereafter, and changes were similar in two groups of hospitals joining the network at different times.ConclusionAdherence to guidelines for children admitted with DD can be improved through participation in a clinical network but improvement is limited, not uniform for all aspects of care and contexts and occurs early. Future research should address these issues.
Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in a dorper sheep
Authors: Halleran Jennifer L. , Baumwart Ryan D. , Dugat Danielle R. , Streeter Robert N. , Phillips Heidi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the diagnosis and treatment of a companion dorper wether with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Study designCase report.AnimalAn 8‐month‐old dorper wether presented to its primary care veterinarian for a persistent cough and was referred for suspected heart failure on the basis of physical examination and thoracic radiography. A PDA was diagnosed on echocardiography.MethodsThe sheep underwent cardiac catheterization and angiogram to measure pulmonary arterial and right ventricular (RV) pressures, identify the morphology of the PDA, and determine whether an intravascular occlusion of the PDA was feasible. Pulmonary artery pressure was 84/53 mm Hg (mean = 66), and RV pressures were 79/5 mm Hg (mean = 45); these were consistent with pulmonary hypertension. The size and shape of the PDA precluded vascular occlusion. Instead, the PDA was ligate through a left fourth intercostal approach.ResultsThe sheep improved clinically after surgery. The PDA seemed closed on echocardiogram 3 days after surgery. Measurement of postoperative fractional shortening was consistent with decreased left ventricular systolic function that had resolved according to follow‐up echocardiography.ConclusionWe report the first known diagnostic evaluation and successful treatment of naturally occurring PDA in a companion sheep.Clinical significanceFor economically valuable small ruminants, radiographs, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization can be used to diagnose and plan surgical treatment of PDAs, with a potential for a good long‐term outcome.
Evaluation of peer teaching and deliberate practice to teach veterinary surgery
Authors: Compton Nashua J. , Cary Julie A. , Wenz John R. , Lutter John D. , Mitchell Colin F. , Godfrey Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of peer teaching and deliberate practice on surgical skills acquisition and retention in first‐ and second‐year veterinary students.Study designRandomized, prospective, comparative study.Sample populationEighteen first‐year and 25 second‐year students from 1 college of veterinary medicine who had previously demonstrated proficiency in basic surgical skills.MethodsForty‐three participants were divided into 3 groups: the test group (group A, n = 15), who participated in a structured peer‐assisted learning program using deliberate practice; the time‐practice control group (group B, n = 15), who participated in an unstructured peer‐supported environment; and the assessment‐only control group (group C, n = 13), who participated in the assessments. Participants performed a subcutaneous mass removal on a cadaver model and were assessed via a global rating system. Three assessment points were evaluated: pretraining, immediate posttraining, and retention.ResultsThe number of participants who achieved acceptable or excellent grand total scores in group A increased after training. Among all participants, 22% in group A, 35% in group B, and 38% in group C did not achieve an acceptable total score at the retention assessment.ConclusionThe study population improved in skill level and retention through the use of standardized video and peer instruction with attention to effective learning strategies, particularly deliberate practice.Clinical significanceUse and enhancement of the format introduced in this study could augment veterinary surgical education.
Renal dysfunction aggravated impaired cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice
Authors: Xie Ping , Young Mimi Wu , Bian Huining , Niknam‐Bienia Solmaz , Hong Seok , Mustoe Thomas A , Galiano Robert D 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRenal dysfunction has been associated with poor outcomes of wound healing in the diabetic population. The purpose of this study was to create an excisional wound healing model in diabetic mice with renal dysfunction to investigate the combined effects of diabetes and nephropathy on cutaneous ulcers. Renal impairment was introduced in diabetic db/db mice through unilateral nephrectomy and electrocoagulation of the contralateral kidney. Renal function was subsequently monitored with assays of blood urea nitrogen and spot urinary protein/creatinine ratio. After 8 weeks, splinted, full‐thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin and harvested on postoperative days 7 and 14 for further evaluation of wound healing. Renal injury promoted the increase of blood urea nitrogen 3 weeks after initial operation, which was maintained at double the control level throughout the study, concomitantly leading to a significant increase of spot urinary protein excretion. Diabetic mice with renal injury displayed notably impaired wound healing processes, concurrent with reductions in cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, as well as increases in M1 polarized macrophages, infiltrated neutrophils, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results displayed corresponding changes of related genes (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, SOD2) in the wounds of renal injured db/db mice. Renal manipulation in this study accelerated the progress of renal impairment, which was demonstrated to aggravate impaired cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice.
The humanistic and economic burden of chronic wounds: A systematic review
Authors: Olsson Maja , Järbrink Krister , Divakar Ushashree , Bajpai Ram , Upton Zee , Schmidtchen Artur , Car Josip 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTChronic wounds are a health problem that have devastating consequences for patients and contribute major costs to healthcare systems and societies. To understand the magnitude of this health issue, a systematic review was undertaken. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews and Cochrane library, CINAHL, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and Global Health databases for articles published between 2000 and 2015. Included publications had to target adults (≥18 years of age), state wound chronicity (≥3 weeks) and/or label the wounds as chronic, complex, hard‐to‐heal, or having led to an amputation. The review excluded studies that did not present data on generic health‐related quality of life and/or cost data, case studies, randomized controlled trials, economic modeling studies, abstracts, and editorials. Extracted data were summarized into a narrative synthesis, and for a few articles using the same health‐related quality of life instrument, average estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that health‐related quality of life was lowest for physical pathologies, and based on average estimates were scores most inferior in the domain physical role for both patients with chronic wounds and for those with wound‐related amputations. The cost burden was mainly attributed to amputations for patients also comorbid with diabetes, where the cost for hospitalization ranged from US$12,851 to US$16,267 (median) for this patient group. Patients with chronic wounds have poor health‐related quality of life in general and wound‐related costs are substantial. Development and implementation of wound management strategies that focus on increasing health‐related quality of life and effectively reduce costs for this patient group are urgently needed.
Characterization and regulation of wild‐type and mutant TASK‐1 two pore domain potassium channels indicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Cunningham Kevin P. , Holden Robyn G. , Escribano‐Subias Pilar M. , Cogolludo Angel , Veale Emma L. , Mathie Alistair 
Published: October 2018

Key points
The TASK‐1 channel gene (KCNK3) has been identified as a possible disease‐causing gene in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
In the present study, we show that novel mutated TASK‐1 channels, seen in PAH patients, have a substantially reduced current compared to wild‐type TASK‐1 channels.
These mutated TASK‐1 channels are located at the plasma membrane to the same degree as wild‐type TASK‐1 channels.
ONO‐RS‐082 and alkaline pH 8.4 both activate TASK‐1 channels but do not recover current through mutant TASK‐1 channels.
We show that the guanylate cyclase activator, riociguat, a novel treatment for PAH, enhances current through TASK‐1 channels but does not recover current through mutant TASK‐1 channels.
AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects ∼15–50 people per million. KCNK3, the gene that encodes the two pore domain potassium channel TASK‐1 (K2P3.1), has been identified as a possible disease‐causing gene in heritable PAH. Recently, two new mutations have been identified in KCNK3 in PAH patients: G106R and L214R. The present study aimed to characterize the functional properties and regulation of wild‐type (WT) and mutated TASK‐1 channels and determine how these might contribute to PAH and its treatment. Currents through WT and mutated human TASK‐1 channels transiently expressed in tsA201 cells were measured using whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology. Localization of fluorescence‐tagged channels was visualized using confocal microscopy and quantified with in‐cell and on‐cell westerns. G106R or L214R mutated channels were located at the plasma membrane to the same degree as WT channels; however, their current was markedly reduced compared to WT TASK‐1 channels. Functional current through these mutated channels could not be restored using activators of WT TASK‐1 channels (pH 8.4, ONO‐RS‐082). The guanylate cyclase activator, riociguat, enhanced current through WT TASK‐1 channels; however, similar to the other activators investigated, riociguat did not have any effect on current through mutated TASK‐1 channels. Thus, novel mutations in TASK‐1 seen in PAH substantially alter the functional properties of these channels. Current through these channels could not be restored by activators of TASK‐1 channels. Riociguat enhancement of current through TASK‐1 channels could contribute to its therapeutic benefit in the treatment of PAH.
INCEFA-PLUS: Increasing Safety in NPPs by Covering Gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment
Authors: Mottershead Kevin , Bruchhausen Matthias , Cuvilliez Sam , Cicero Sergio 
Published: October 2018

INCEFA-PLUS is a five-year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON 2020 programme. The project commenced in mid-2015. Sixteen organisations from across Europe have combined forces to deliver new experimental data which will support the development of improved guidelines for assessment of environmental fatigue damage to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. Within INCEFA-PLUS, the effects of mean strain and stress, hold time, strain amplitude and surface finish on fatigue endurance of austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor environments are being studied experimentally, these being issues of common interest to all participants. The data obtained is being collected and standardised in an online environmental fatigue database, implemented with the assistance of an INCEFA-PLUS led CEN (European Committee for Standardization) workshop on this aspect. Later in the project it is planned that INCEFA-PLUS will develop and disseminate methods for including the new data into assessment approaches for environmental fatigue degradation.
This paper provides an overall update to project developments since it was last presented at PVP2017 [[1]]. As well as being a standalone paper, the paper will also serve as an introduction to more detailed papers also being submitted covering 4 specific aspects of the project. In particular, this paper summarises:
• The results for Phase 1 testing.
• The agreed plans for Phase 2 testing
• A summary of emerging sensitivities to, and inter-dependencies between:
○ Mean strain and stress, surface finish, strain amplitude and hold time.
○ Environment
○ Material
○ Laboratory
• Latest thinking on direction for the project in its last two years.
• The latest thoughts on how the project results will be used to advance development of improved assessment guidelines.
• A summary of dissemination achieved and planned for the forthcoming year.
A Perspective of the Small Punch Test Application to the Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels: Effect of Punch Rate on Fracture Properties
Authors: Arroyo B. , Álvarez J. A. , Gutiérrez-Solana F. , Sainz J. , Lacalle R. 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, different techniques to test notched Small Punch (SPT) samples for the estimation of the fracture properties in aggressive environments are studied, based on the comparison of the micromechanisms at different rates.
Pre-embrittled samples subsequently tested in air at conventional rates (0.01 and 0.002 mm/s) are compared to embrittled ones tested in environment at the same rates (0.01 and 0.002 mm/s) and at a very slow rate (5E−5 mm/s); a set of samples tested in environment under static loads that produce very slow rates complete the experimental results. To close the study, numerical simulations based on obtaining a punch rate that produces an equivalent CTOD growing rate in the edge of the notch to the one at the crack tip of a C(T) specimen for a given solicitation rate is carried out.
As a conclusion, is recommended to test SPT notched specimens in environment at very slow rates, of arround E−6 mm/s, when characterizing in Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) scenarios, in order to allow the interaction material-environment to govern the process.
A Study of the Material Properties and Performance of Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIP) Type 316L Stainless Steel Powders and HIP Processing Available From Today’s International Supply Chain
Authors: Kyffin William , Gandy David , Burdett Barry 
Published: October 2018

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of type 316L austenitic stainless steel powder has been an established manufacturing practice for more than twenty five years within the oil and gas sectors and more recently in the naval defence industry. The successful ASME Code Case approval (N-834) has facilitated the manufacture of 316L components via Powder Metallurgy HIP (PM/HIP) for the civil nuclear sector. However, a number of issues have tended to hinder the uptake of PM/HIP as an alternative viable manufacturing route for both castings and forgings.
Firstly, the powder specification for 316L and HIP processing parameters has typically been left to the discretion of the manufacturers. As such, the finer details of HIP product specification require greater clarity and definition for optimum performance/reproducibility. Secondly, comparison of historical data for 316L PM/HIP has shown variation in the Charpy impact toughness performance. These differences have been attributed to the oxygen content of the atomised powder, with greater oxygen contents yielding product with reduced impact properties.
Based on these factors, a systematic study of the current state of the art of 316L commercial powder production, encapsulation/consolidation and selected HIP parameters was undertaken in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). A 316L powder specification was developed that primarily limited the oxygen content of the powder to under 130ppm. This lower oxygen limit reflects the improvements that commercial powder suppliers have been making over the past decade to ensure greater powder cleanliness.
The test programme generated a significant body of test data based on 3 × 3 × 3 matrix of: powder supply, HIP service provider and HIP sustain times. The results were excellent across the full range of variables studied with all test billets passing the specification requirements of ASTM A988 and additional imposed requirements.
Very consistent 316L material properties were produced for billets manufactured via differing HIP service providers across the comprehensive destructive test programme. This demonstrates the robustness and uniformity of the PM/HIP supply chain in producing 316L material of the requisite quality. In addition, no significant difference in material properties was noted for material pressed between 2–8 hours hold time, suggesting that the HIP process window is large with respect to hold time.
Of significant note was that material produced with one powder yielded material with consistently the highest strengths and Charpy impact toughness. This has been attributed to chemical composition of the powder, which featured both a low oxygen and also a high nitrogen content.
Ensuring Data Quality for Environmental Fatigue: INCEFA-PLUS Testing Procedure and Data Evaluation
Authors: Vankeerberghen Marc , Bruchhausen Matthias , Cicero Román , Doremus Luc , Le-Roux Jean-Christophe , Platts Norman , Spätig Philippe , Twite Marius , Mottershead Kevin 
Published: October 2018

INCEFA-PLUS stands for INcreasing safety in nuclear power plants by Covering gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment. It is a five year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON2020 program that commenced in mid-2015 and in which sixteen organizations from across Europe participate. Specifically, the effects of mean strain/stress, hold time, strain amplitude and surface finish on fatigue life of austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor environments are being studied, these being issues of common interest to all participants.
The project will develop proposals for improvements to methods for environmental fatigue assessment of nuclear plant components. Therefore, extensive testing capacity is being solicited in various laboratories across Europe in order to add to the existing amount of published data on environmentally assisted fatigue.
Since there currently is no standard on environmental fatigue testing, it was imperative to come up with and agree upon a testing procedure within the consortium to minimize lab-to-lab variations in test results. This was done prior to the first phase of testing, but an update of the procedure was required after review of initial results, when additional potential lab-to-lab differences were identified. The current status of the so-called test protocol, and the key areas of difference found between different testing facilities, will be discussed.
Due to the large test matrix within INCEFA-PLUS, distributed amongst various test laboratories, it has been necessary to develop a method to assign a data quality level to each test result, and a minimum data quality requirement for results that will be included in the project’s datasets used for analysis. Furthermore, the project has triggered international interest in facilitating mutual data access, and this requires data is gathered in a common database with data quality ratings applied. Ways to address the evaluation of data quality will be discussed.
In a way, both activities, on a test protocol and on data review, jointly contribute to data quality by, respectively, ensuring a pre-test, common test procedure and a post-test, harmonized data evaluation.
The large number of participants in the INCEFA-PLUS project presents a unique opportunity to gain consensus on light water reactor environment fatigue testing procedures and data quality assessment from experts working in a range of different organizations. The test protocol and data quality ratings developed within the INCEFA-PLUS project could be adopted by other organizations, or possibly used as the basis for future testing standards documents to harmonize approaches across the nuclear industry.