bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory decline in elderly with cerebral small vessel disease explained by temporal interactions between white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy
Authors: van Leijsen Esther M. C. , Tay Jonathan , van Uden Ingeborg W. M. , Kooijmans Eline C. M. , Bergkamp Mayra I. , van der Holst Helena M. , Ghafoorian Mohsen , Platel Bram , Norris David G. , Kessels Roy P. C. , Markus Hugh S. , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) constitute the visible spectrum of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) markers and are associated with cognitive decline, although they do not fully account for memory decline observed in individuals with SVD. We hypothesize that WMH might exert their effect on memory decline indirectly by affecting remote brain structures such as the hippocampus. We investigated the temporal interactions between WMH, hippocampal atrophy and memory decline in older adults with SVD. Five hundred and three participants of the RUNDMC study underwent neuroimaging and cognitive assessments up to 3 times over 8.7 years. We assessed WMH volumes semi‐automatically and calculated hippocampal volumes (HV) using FreeSurfer. We used linear mixed effects models and causal mediation analyses to assess both interaction and mediation effects of hippocampal atrophy in the associations between WMH and memory decline, separately for working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM). Linear mixed effect models revealed that the interaction between WMH and hippocampal volumes explained memory decline (WM: β = .067; 95%CI[.024–0.111]; p < .01; EM: β = .061; 95%CI[.025–.098]; p < .01), with better model fit when the WMH*HV interaction term was added to the model, for both WM (likelihood ratio test, χ2[1] = 9.3, p < .01) and for EM (likelihood ratio test, χ2[1] = 10.7, p < .01). Mediation models showed that both baseline WMH volume (β = −.170; p = .001) and hippocampal atrophy (β = 0.126; p = .009) were independently related to EM decline, but the effect of baseline WMH on EM decline was not mediated by hippocampal atrophy (p value indirect effect: 0.572). Memory decline in elderly with SVD was best explained by the interaction of WMH and hippocampal volumes. The relationship between WMH and memory was not causally mediated by hippocampal atrophy, suggesting that memory decline during aging is a heterogeneous condition in which different pathologies contribute to the memory decline observed in elderly with SVD.
A proof‐of‐principle study of the effect of combined haloperidol and levodopa administration on working memory‐related brain activation in humans
Authors: van Ruitenbeek Peter , Hernaus Dennis , Mehta Mitul Ashok 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveCognitive deficits including impaired working memory are a hallmark feature of schizophrenia. Dopamine D1 receptor modulated changes in prefrontal cortex function play a potentially important role in the pathology underlying such deficits. However, pharmacological interventions that selectively engage the D1 receptor are severely restricted for research in humans. The present study is a proof‐of‐principle for enhancing cognitive performance and associated brain activation via indirect D1 stimulation, operationalised by combining the nonselective dopamine agonist L‐dopa with the D2‐antagonist haloperidol.MethodsFourteen healthy volunteers received placebo or combined carbidopa (25 mg)/L‐dopa (100 mg) plus haloperidol (2 mg) orally on two separate occasions according to a within‐subjects crossover design. Drug‐induced differences in brain activity were assessed during an N‐back working memory task in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging environment.ResultsDrug treatment was associated with greater functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and areas within the salience network during all N‐back trials. Drug treatment was also associated with reduced activation, most prominently in the occipital/temporal brain areas during 2‐back performance.ConclusionsThis preliminary study provides initial evidence for combined L‐dopa/haloperidol modulation in cognition‐related brain areas and networks, which is relevant for the treatment of cognitive impairments in mental illness.
From Active Sites to Machines: A Challenge for Enzyme Chemists
Authors: Khosla Chaitan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs researchers who study enzyme chemistry embrace increasingly complex systems, especially biological machines, our attention is also shifting from steps involving covalent bond formation or cleavage to those that exclusively involve changes in non‐covalent bonding. Assembly line polyketide synthases are an example of this growing challenge. By now, the chemical reactions underpinning polyketide biosynthesis can be unequivocally mapped to well‐defined active sites and are, for the most part, readily explicable in the language of physical organic chemistry. Yet, all of these insights merely serve as a backdrop to the real problem of explaining how the catalytic functions of dozens of active sites are synchronized in order to allow these remarkable machines to turn over with remarkable specificity. Notwithstanding the fact that the time‐honored language of physical organic chemistry can teach us a lot, it is often insufficient to describe many of these events, and must therefore evolve.
Some Efforts Toward Understanding Structural Features of MOF/COF
Authors: Mayoral Alvaro , Ma Yanhang , Terasaki Osamu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 2018 Wolf Prize for Chemistry was given to Prof. Omar M. Yaghi for his revolutional contribution to “reticular chemistry via MOFs and COFs”. The discovery of reticular chemistry has brought us a new paradigm that overall structure and chemical functionality can be designed through judicious choices of secondary building units and organic linkages, instead of the combination of individual atoms with mathematical supports in structure descriptions for designing the crystals by Prof Mike O'Keeffe. The crystallinity, large permanent porosity and functionalization of the pores in MOF and MOF‐like materials have been intensively discussed since their discovery based on two principal experimental approaches, single crystal or powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm measurements. The electron microscopy provides structural information at local fine structure and/or individual nanocrystals unlike X‐Ray diffraction which produces in essence as average over the entire powder sample or individual crystal. The following three case studies illustrate the current the edge of MOF and MOF‐like research: a woven COF‐105 and −112 and MOF MIL‐101; a new pairwise model to explain superlattice structure observed in gas adsorption experiments on IRMOF‐74; and a new STEM study on NbO as nbo net was proposed from mathematical periodic nets and tilings but named after its reported structure.
Of leaders and followers—An econometric analysis of equity analysts and stock market investors
Authors: Baule Rainer , Wilke Hannes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe measure the information content of publicly available analyst consensus forecasts for 1‐year‐forward earnings per share based on two well‐established price discovery measures drawn from the area of market microstructure research. Employing a 36‐year sample of large U.S. companies listed in the S&P 100 Index, we compute (a) Hasbrouck's information shares and (b) Gonzalo and Granger's common factor component shares to measure the relative contribution that market participants and financial analysts working on the sell side of the market have in the process of value discovery. We find that although these analysts are far from leading the market, they have a small but significant share in the process of value discovery, amounting to 4.6% (Hasbrouck) and 18.0% (Gonzalo and Granger), on average. This share is persistent over time but varies significantly in the cross section. We identify the level of analyst coverage and company age as drivers of this heterogeneity.
The international diversification benefits of U.S.‐traded equity products
Authors: O'Hagan‐Luff Martha , Berrill Jenny 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe benefits of international diversification for equity investors have been highlighted for decades. Despite the reduction of many previous barriers to foreign investment, investors are found to persistently overweight domestic equities. This paper examines whether the benefits of international diversification are available via U.S.‐traded equity products over a 15‐year period between 1996 and 2011. The equity products investigated are multinational corporations (MNCs), American depository receipts (ADRs), single‐country exchange‐traded funds, iShares, and closed‐end country funds. Mean‐variance spanning tests and Sharpe ratio analysis reveal that portfolios of ADRs and MNCs offer the greatest international diversification benefits to U.S. investors in a domestic setting. Whereas the benefits of international diversification vary during periods of differing market conditions, the findings for ADRs and MNCs remain robust. We conclude that it is possible to reap the benefits of international diversification via U.S.‐traded equity products but that the benefits of different equity types vary significantly.
Cancer of the corpus uteri
Authors: Amant Frédéric , Mirza Mansoor Raza , Koskas Martin , Creutzberg Carien L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in high‐income countries. Although the overall prognosis is relatively good, high‐grade endometrial cancers have a tendency to recur. Recurrence needs to be prevented since the prognosis for recurrent endometrial cancer is dismal. Treatment tailored to tumor biology is the optimal strategy to balance treatment efficacy against toxicity. Standard treatment consists of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Lymphadenectomy (with ongoing studies of sentinel node biopsy) enables identification of lymph node positive patients who need adjuvant treatment, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is used for Stage I–II patients with high‐risk factors and Stage III lymph node negative patients. In advanced disease, a combination of surgery to no residual disease and chemotherapy results in the best outcome. Surgery for recurrent disease is only advocated in patients with a good performance status with a relatively long disease‐free interval.
Pathology of cancers of the female genital tract including molecular pathology
Authors: Prat Jaime , Mutch David G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo better understand pathology reports, gynecologic oncologists must be familiar with the terminology used in gynecologic pathology. This chapter of the FIGO Cancer Report 2018 summarizes the clinical and pathological features of the most common cancers of the female genital tract, as well as their main molecular genetic alterations. In selected cases, an approach for processing surgical specimens is also included.
Role of imaging in the routine management of endometrial cancer
Authors: Lin Ming Yin , Dobrotwir Andrew , McNally Orla , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R. , Narayan Kailash 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in women today. It is surgically staged, and while surgery is the primary treatment modality, the identification of disease extent—in particular extrauterine spread—prior to surgery is important to optimize treatment decision making. Ultrasound and MRI are useful for evaluating the extent of local disease, while CT and PET are used for detecting lymph node or distant metastases. Diffusion‐weighted MRI has also been used for detecting small metastatic deposits in lymph nodes and omentum. Extrauterine soft tissue involvement can be detected by ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET. Recently, intraoperative visualization techniques, such as sentinel lymph node mapping, are increasingly used to avoid extensive surgical staging without compromising treatment. Imaging is also used for planning adjuvant treatment and detection of postoperative residual disease in high‐risk patients, monitoring and detecting recurrent disease, and in post‐treatment surveillance of asymptomatic patients with high risk of relapse.
Psychosexual health in gynecologic cancer
Authors: Boa Rosalind , Grénman Seija 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMore people are living with the long‐term effects of cancer owing to improvements in cancer treatments and an aging population. Many people diagnosed with cancer report a negative impact on sexual identity, sexual functioning, and their sexual relationship. Gynecologic cancer survivors are often the most severely affected. These cancers involve cancers of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. The impact of these cancers on sexual health results not only from the disease process itself, but may also be due to the necessary treatments required. These can have a profound impact on psychological, physiological, and social well‐being both in the short and long term, which may result in negative impact on the quality of life of the patient as well as her partner. Although most patients express that they would like to be more informed about sexual health and would like to have the opportunity to discuss these issues with their therapeutic team, sexual health is often not discussed with the patient.
Palliative care in women's cancer care: Global challenges and advances
Authors: Cain Joanna M. , Denny Lynette 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWomen's cancer rates are increasing in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with presentations that are often far advanced requiring intense symptom management, thus advancing the urgent need to address palliative care. Most resource settings have some options available to assist women with advanced gynecologic cancer, and a combination of leveraging these and expanding on emerging models for palliative care could lessen suffering and improve care for women with gynecologic cancers globally. Providing palliative care for women with cancer is constrained by resources (human and physical), lack of equipment, lack of access, and policy absence or barriers. There is important work to be done in advocating for appropriate infrastructure development and legislation to assure that these options are available to women and their families. Access to adequate opioid and other pain relief options for cancer‐related pain is a particular concern given that availability, cost, and legislative prohibitions create barriers that cause suffering for patients and grief for their families who are unable to address their suffering. All of these require ongoing advocacy for continual advances to improve access and infrastructure for palliative care.
Effect of Irrigation Depth Reduction, Planting Date and Cropping Pattern on Water Productivity in West Lake Urmia, Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Dizaj Amin , Noory Hamideh , Ebrahimian Hamed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLake Urmia in Iran has faced extreme water loss in recent years due to overuse and mismanagement of water resources, particularly in agriculture. In this study, three strategies including irrigation depth reduction, changing planting dates and crop rotation in crop patterns of Urmia city were assessed for improvement of water productivity to mitigate the crisis of Lake Urmia. For this purpose, the AquaCrop simulation model was applied. The effects of the three strategies were investigated with four indicators: (i) total water productivity (TWP); (ii) economic water productivity (EWP); (iii) farmers' benefit (FB); (iv) dry yield (DY). The results showed that a 60% reduction of current irrigation depth for winter wheat, winter barley, forage maize and tomato and a 40% reduction for sunflower substantially increased TWP and EWP without considerable reduction in DY and FB. Early planting dates for autumn planting crops (wheat and barley) and delaying planting dates for spring planting crops led to a decreased irrigation requirement and increased benefit from rainfall. For the autumn planting pattern, selecting winter barley reduced water consumption by 2170 m3 ha−1 compared to winter wheat, and for the spring planting pattern, selecting forage maize decreased water consumption by 2080 and 3150 m3 ha−1 compared to sunflower and tomato, respectively. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a comparative framework of ICT4D initiatives in the global South: A critical realist approach
Authors: Hussain Faheem , Brown Suzana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe paper aims to develop a comparative framework for ICT4D initiatives in the global South by adopting a critical realist philosophical approach. For that purpose, the research utilizes field data and observations from two information and communication technology (ICT)–driven community health care services in Rwanda and Bangladesh. The data collected were analyzed through a critical realist–based framework, and the two mechanisms that played key roles in these ICT projects were identified as follows: trust in social structures and good governance. This study suggests that both mechanisms play a greater role in Bangladesh than in Rwanda. The identified mechanisms further highlight the challenges Rwanda needs to overcome in order to achieve comparable success. Based on the analysis of those two cases, we suggest that our critical realist–based philosophical and methodological approach adds unique value to ICT4D research, and such an approach allows us to gather valuable insights on these comparable ICT4D projects. Consequently, we are able to provide the stakeholders in these projects with better insights into why the community health care services evolved the way they did and the mechanisms that determined this outcome.
Type of endothelial cells affects HepaRG cell acetaminophen metabolism in both 2D and 3D porous scaffold cultures
Authors: German Carrie L. , Madihally Sundararajan V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent advances in developing in vitro tissue models show that function of hepatocytes is altered in when cultured in 3D configuration and co‐culturing with various non‐parenchymal cells. However, tissue source for such non‐parenchymal cells on viability and metabolic products of hepatocytes have not been explored. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 2D and 3D cultures either with HepaRG cells alone or in combination with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). For 3D cultures, we used chitosan‐gelatin porous structures formed by freeze‐drying. We cultured cells for 8 days before challenging with 1 mm acetaminophen (APAP) and assessed APAP, APAP‐sulfate and APAP‐glucuronide for 24 hours at 6‐hour time intervals using high‐performance liquid chromatography. We used multiple methods (phase contrast, confocal and scanning electron microscopy and histology via hematoxylin and eosin staining) to ensure cell distribution. We also measured total protein content and albumin secretion and viability. HUVEC 3D co‐cultures showed the lowest HepaRG cell viability, while both 2D and 3D LSEC co‐cultures had highest HepaRG cell viability. In addition, 3D cultures had significantly higher EC viability relative to 2D cultures. Further, HUVEC co‐cultures showed reduced total protein content and albumin expression as early as day 4. However, urea production on a total protein content basis did not change. In addition, LSEC 3D co‐cultures had the highest APAP conversion with reduced APAP‐sulfate and APAP‐glucuronide formation. CYP3A4 was higher in co‐culture with HUVEC for 2D and 3D cultures. In conclusion, HepaRG cells with EC co‐cultures demonstrated sensitivity to the EC line used.
Implication of ultrasound contrast‐enhancement of carotid plaques in prevalence of acute coronary syndrome and occurrence of cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Choi Sang‐Woong , Kim Hyungseop , Kim In‐Cheol , Lee Cheol‐Hyun , Hwang Jongmin , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Nam Chang‐Wook , Han Seongwook , Hur Seung‐Ho 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeUltrasonographic contrast enhancement of carotid plaque (CECP) has been used to detect neovascularization of vasa vasorum and plaque. However, it is uncertain whether CECP can provide risk stratification of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CECP and manifestations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in established CAD patients and to explore the prognostic implication of CECP for cardiovascular (CV) clinical outcomes.MethodsA medical record review revealed that contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography was performed to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis in 209 coronary artery‐stented and 105 non‐stented patients. The rate of ACS manifestations was compared depending on contrast uptake patterns: grade 0, absent; grade 1, dot; and grade 2, diffuse pattern. CV primary outcomes were assessed during a mean 7.6 months of follow‐up.ResultsMale sex, smoking, history of old myocardial infarction, intensive medications, and a favorable lipid profile were common in the stented versus non‐stented group. Patients with grade 2 CECP had a higher rate of ACS, greater plaque thickness, and class I‐II of Gray‐Weale plaque echogenicity. During follow‐up, 10 coronary revascularizations (nine ACSs), six strokes, and four heart failures occurred. Grade 2 CECP was more closely related with CV primary outcomes and showed a tendency toward more acute CV outcomes.ConclusionACS manifestations were proportionate to CECP grade. Diffuse CECP uptake could be a risk factor for acute CV outcomes.
Retrospectively seroprevalence study on anti‐HEV‐IgG antibody in patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis in a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Yang Hongying , Wu Jianguo , Yuan Yuan , Huang Wenxiang , Jia Bei 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectiveTo investigate the serum anti‐hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody positive rate in patients with different types of chronic hepatitis (CH) or cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 1751 hospitalized patients were chart reviewed, who were diagnosed with mono‐CH or cirrhosis between 2011 and 2016.ResultsThe total anti‐HEV‐IgG positive rate was 1.33% (13/981) in CH patients, which was significantly lower than that (6.49%; 50/770) in cirrhosis patients (odds ratio [OR], 4.78 [2.51‐9.10]; P = 0.00). The comparison of positive rate of anti‐HEV‐IgG between the same etiology CH and cirrhosis groups was as follows: chronic hepatitis B 1.27% (10/790) versus hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis 4.21% (22/522) (OR, 3.04 [1.36‐6.77]; P = 0.00); chronic alcoholic hepatitis 1.41% (1/71) versus alcoholic cirrhosis 9.40% (11/117) (OR, 8.00 [1.00‐64.25]; P = 0.03); chronic autoimmune hepatitis 1.69% (1/59) versus autoimmune cirrhosis 13.33% (12/90) (OR, 13.11 [1.49‐115.27]; P = 0.01); the differences above were statistically significant. And chronic hepatitis C 3.23% (1/31) versus hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis 10.81% (4/37) (OR, 4.40 [0.45‐43.53]; P > 0.05); chronic NASH 0.00% (0/30) versus NASH‐related cirrhosis 25.00% (1/4) (P > 0.05), the differences were not statistically significant. Anti‐HEV‐IgG positive rates were also compared among different types of CH groups and no significant difference was found. Likewise, anti‐HEV‐IgG positive rate was compared among different types of cirrhosis groups, showing that the positive rates of both alcoholic cirrhosis (9.40%) and autoimmune cirrhosis (13.33%) were significantly higher than that of HBV‐related cirrhosis (4.21%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe observed that the cirrhosis patients had a significantly higher anti‐HEV‐IgG positive rate comparing with the CH patients, especially in those with HBV‐related, alcohol‐related, and autoimmune‐related cirrhosis (after adjusted for age). Additionally, it seems that the conditions of alcoholic cirrhosis and autoimmune cirrhosis are more susceptible to HEV infection due to the significantly higher positive anti‐HEV‐IgG rate in these patients.