bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential therapeutic uses of L‐citrulline beyond genetic urea cycle disorders
Authors: Summar Marshall 
Published: November 2024

AbstractL‐citrulline (referred to hereafter as citrulline), a non‐essential amino acid and an intermediate in the urea cycle, is widely recognized for its role in managing genetic urea cycle disorders (UCDs). Recent studies, however, suggest that citrulline's therapeutic potential extends beyond UCDs, particularly in conditions associated with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. This review explores citrulline's emerging applications in sickle cell disease (SCD), post‐operative pulmonary hypertension (PH), hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (HVOD), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as its speculative use in asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In SCD, citrulline may restore NO bioavailability, potentially reducing the incidence and severity of vaso‐occlusive crises and preventing complications like pulmonary hypertension. In the context of post‐operative PH, citrulline's capacity to enhance NO production can improve pulmonary vascular resistance, decrease right ventricular strain, and reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. Citrulline's protective effects on endothelial function and its ability to mitigate oxidative stress offer promising adjunctive therapy for HVOD, particularly in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. In BPD, citrulline could promote alveolar development, reduce inflammation, and improve long‐term respiratory outcomes. Despite these promising findings, further research is necessary to determine optimal dosing strategies and to evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety. The potential role of citrulline in modulating NO production in conditions like asthma and ARDS also warrants further investigation. This review underscores the versatile therapeutic potential of citrulline and highlights the need for continued research into its applications across various conditions associated with NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction.
Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats
Authors: Yılmaz Gaye Boztepe , Saraçoğlu Kemal Tolga , Aykın Uğur , Akça Metehan , Demirtaş Cumaali , Saraçoğlu Ayten , Yıldırım Mehmet 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRefractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a condition with serious mortality and morbidity rate, resistant to benzodiazepine and second‐line antiepileptic drugs. This study aimed to electrophysiologically investigate the combination of NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and GABAergic agent propofol in an RSE model induced by lithium‐pilocarpine in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Seventy‐two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into nine groups. The RSE model was induced by subcutaneous injection of lithium‐CI (5 mEq/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine‐HCl (320 mg/kg), after implanting tripolar EEG electrode. Ketamine (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg), propofol (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg), and combinations of both drugs (15 + 20 and 30 + 40 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to animals with RSE. Video‐EEG recordings were taken after inducing model and 48 h later. The efficacy of drugs was statistically evaluated based on spike frequencies (spikes/min) and amplitudes (mV). Compared to RSE group, it was determined that 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of ketamine provided effective seizure control and prevented mortality (p < 0.001), while the 90 mg/kg showed toxic effects in all animals and caused mortality. The 80 mg/kg dose of propofol provided seizure control and reduced the mortality rate to 16.7% (p < 0.001), whereas the 20 mg/kg resulted in a 100% mortality rate. The low‐dose ketamine+propofol (15 + 20 mg/kg) combination provided early onset seizure control and were as effective as 80 mg/kg propofol (p < 0.05). The study concluded that in the experimental RSE model, seizure control could be achieved with low‐dose combination of ketamine and propofol without the need for high doses as in monotherapy, thus preventing dose‐related adverse effects.
Dynamic aesthetic emancipation: Transforming trauma care through creative modalities
Authors: Damsgaard Janne Brammer , Beck Bolette Daniels , Brinkmann Svend 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the innovative practice of Dynamic Aesthetic Emancipation. It aims to enhance trauma care by emphasizing how the transformative potential of integrated arts and nature‐based modalities leads to emancipatory changes for individuals that surpass conventional care and counseling methods. The practice utilizes the aesthetic and experiential aspects of creative and natural modalities to bridge the gap between personal healing and social dynamics. We highlight the necessity of approaches that empower clients to actively engage with art and nature, thereby challenging conventional therapeutic roles.
Factors associated with Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance in a US pediatric cohort
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Chan Christina , Andrews Christine , Herzlinger Michael , Liu Enju , Bonilla Silvana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe rising rates of Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance highlight the importance of better understanding its epidemiology in the pediatric population. We aim to study the epidemiological factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in a cohort of US children with H. pylori infection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients in the New England region of the United States between January 15, 2015 and October 15, 2022, with a first‐time diagnosis of H. pylori on gastric biopsy and who had antimicrobial resistance data available. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to determine associations between the patient's demographics, clinical factors, endoscopic findings, and antimicrobial resistance.ResultsOut of 273 patients (46% male, median 12.8 years), 118 (43.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Clarithromycin resistance (24.5%) was the highest, followed by metronidazole (21.6%), fluoroquinolones (9.9%), rifabutin (3.3%), and amoxicillin (2.6%). Clarithromycin resistance was higher in Asians compared to White individuals (odds ratio [OR]: 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.01–10.89], p < 0.001), and lower in Black compared to White individuals (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: [0.08–0.69], p = 0.01). Antimicrobial resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole were similar among Hispanics. Asian individuals were more likely to demonstrate one or more antimicrobial resistances compared to White (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: [1.50–8.89], p < 0.001). Compared to individuals from higher household incomes (>$100,000), those from less than $30,000 household incomes had a higher risk of metronidazole resistance (OR: 7.94, 95% CI: [1.83–34.36], p = 0.01).ConclusionOur study provides novel information concerning the association of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance to race, socioeconomic status, and age in the pediatric population.
The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and disorders of the gut–brain interaction
Authors: Fritz Julia , Coffey Rachel , Bloch Jackson , Cutler Anya , Gabrielson Sarah , DiGiovanni Stephen , Faherty Laura J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesDisorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBI) arise from a complex interplay of psychosocial factors, altered physiology, and early life factors. In adults, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with DGBI. While both ACEs and DGBI are prevalent among children, the relationship between ACEs and DGBI in childhood is not well understood.MethodsRetrospective review of patients aged 3–18 years with ACE scores documented between October 1, 2019 and April 30, 2022 who were divided into three comparison groups: (1) not referred to pediatric gastroenterology (GI); (2) referred to GI and diagnosed with a DGBI; and (3) referred to GI and not diagnosed with a DGBI.ResultsOf 29,490 patients with ACE scores documented during the study period, 897 completed a GI consultation. Four hundred and one (44.7%) were diagnosed with a DGBI. With each additional adverse experience, patients were 1.09 times more likely to have a DGBI diagnosis (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.056–1.163; p ≤ 0.001). An anxiety diagnosis mediated 73% of this relationship (p = 0.012).ConclusionsAmong patients receiving pediatric GI specialty care, higher ACE scores were associated with a higher likelihood of a DGBI diagnosis. Anxiety largely mediates this relationship, suggesting potential avenues for targeted, multidisciplinary interventions in both primary and specialty care settings.
Impact of Home Medicines Review on medication regimen complexity
Authors: Seth Shrey , Lukose Lipin , Tesfaye Wubshet H. , Sridhar Sathvik B. , Thunga Girish , Castelino Ronald L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies on pharmacist‐led Home Medicines Review (HMR) have demonstrated positive associations of HMR and clinical outcomes. However, little is known about their impact on medication regimen complexity.AimInvestigate the impact of pharmacist‐led HMRs on simplifying medication regimen complexity using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI).MethodA retrospective cohort study of 196 general practitioners (GPs) initiated HMRs, conducted over a period of 2 years (2020–2022) using two credentialed pharmacists in New South Wales, Australia. MRCI was used to measure the complexity at two separate time points, at baseline and following pharmacists' recommendations (assuming the GPs accepted all of the pharmacists' recommendations provided during the HMRs). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to determine the difference between the scores at baseline and after HMR. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2022/584) and the study conforms to the Australian National statement on the ethical conduct in human research.ResultsDuring the HMR service, pharmacists made a total of 792 recommendations (mean ± standard deviation [4.04 ± 2.3] per HMR), among which dosage and frequency adjustment, laboratory monitoring, and therapeutic monitoring were the most common, collectively accounting for almost half of the recommendations. The median MRCI score at baseline was 28.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 21.5–37.6) and following pharmacists' recommendations was 29 (IQR 21.9–37.1). The difference between the baseline and post‐HMR scores was not statistically significant.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the lack of significant reductions in medication complexity following HMRs as measured by the MRCI. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution as not all interactions with patients lead to a change in the MRCI score. Comprehensive examination of individual medication changes may provide more meaningful and clinically relevant inferences.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment and Reconstruction Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Antoinette , Duckworth Emily , Pascua Danielle , Coles Brigid , Galiano Robert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNative Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) women experience significant disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes, including lower rates of postmastectomy reconstruction, higher refusal rates of radiation therapy, and delays in surgical care. These disparities contribute to poorer survival and increased complications compared to other racial/ethnic groups. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to quantify these disparities and assess their impact on breast cancer outcomes in NHPI women.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted to identify studies reporting on breast cancer surgery, reconstruction, radiation therapy refusal, and surgical delays for NHPI women. Thirteen studies, encompassing a total of 5 546 918 patients, were included, and meta‐analyses were performed to pool odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for key outcomes using random‐effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Thematic analysis was also conducted to explore cultural and structural factors influencing treatment disparities.ResultsNHPI women had significantly lower odds of receiving postmastectomy reconstruction compared to non‐Hispanic White women (pooled OR = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–2.08, I² = 99%). Delays in surgical care were more frequent, with NHPI women being 4.51 times more likely to experience delays (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 3.82–5.32, I² = 99%). Radiation therapy refusal was notably higher, with a pooled hazard ratio of 3.28 (95% CI: 2.99–3.58, I² = 77%) indicating that NHPI women who refused radiation therapy had more than three times the risk of mortality compared to those who accepted it. Thematic analysis revealed that geographic isolation, limited access to specialized care, and cultural perceptions surrounding cancer treatments, including fear of radiation due to historical trauma, contributed significantly to treatment disparities.ConclusionsNative Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women face considerable barriers to receiving equitable breast cancer treatment and reconstruction, resulting in worse outcomes compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Efforts to address these disparities must focus on improving access to care, reducing treatment delays, and implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Targeted policies and healthcare system improvements, especially in geographically isolated areas, are critical to improving survival and treatment outcomes for NHPI women.
LC–MS‐Based Simultaneous Determination of Biomarkers in Dried Urine Spots for the Detection of Cofactor‐Dependent Metabolic Disorders in Neonates
Authors: Raveendran Arya , Gupta Ashutosh , Lewis Leslie E. , Prabhu Krishnananda , Moorkoth Sudheer 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDeficiency of cofactors for various enzymes can lead to inborn errors of metabolism. These conditions frequently occur as seizures, which lead to permanent brain damage. Newborn screening for biomarkers associated with these disorders can help in early detection and treatment. Our objective was to establish a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique for quantifying biomarkers in dried urine spots to detect specific vitamin‐responsive inborn errors metabolism. Biomarkers were extracted from dried urine spots using a methanol:0.1% v/v formic acid solution (75:25) containing an internal standard mixture. Separation was achieved using a Luna PFP column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 µm) under gradient elution conditions. The LC–MS technique was validated as per ICH M10 guidelines. Urine samples from healthy newborns in Udupi district, South India, were analyzed to establish reference values for these biomarkers. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) with low limits of quantification: 0.1 µg/mL for leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, hydroxyproline, methylmalonic acid, and 3‐hydroxyisovaleric acid; 0.01 µg/mL for pipecolic acid and α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde; and 0.03 µg/mL for piperideine‐6‐carboxylate. Interconvertibility between urine and dried urine spot assays was observed from the results of the regression and Bland–Altman analyses. Reference intervals for these biomarkers in the Udupi neonatal population were established using the validated dried urine spot method.
Effects of Reduction‐Oxidation Cycles on the Structure, Heat and Corrosion Resistance of Haynes 282 Nickel Alloy Manufactured by Using Powder Bed Fusion‐Laser Beam Method
Authors: Kamiński Janusz , Adamczyk‐Cieślak Bogusława , Kopec Mateusz , Kosiński Andrzej , Sitek Ryszard 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe study investigated the effect of the oxidation–reduction cycles on the structure and corrosion resistance of the Haynes 282 nickel superalloy at ambient and elevated temperatures. The comparative studies were performed on specimens produced by the Powder Bed Fusion‐Laser Beam (PBF‐LB) process and those in the as‐received state. The microstructure of the PBF‐LB specimens was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the chemical composition of the scale formed after isothermal oxidation in an air atmosphere at 750°C was analysed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The phase composition of the formed scale was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Laboratory‐induced hydrogen atmosphere was adopted through cathodic charging. A comparison of corrosion resistance was carried out on two types of Haynes 282 specimens, before and after the oxidation and cathodic charging processes. It was found that PBF‐LB process could be effectively used to manufacture Haynes 282 nickel superalloy with low porosity and a fine crystalline microstructure. The low‐porous, fine‐crystalline microstructure of the tested specimens produced by the PBF‐LB technique exhibited good resistance to electrochemical corrosion, slightly lower than wrought Haynes 282 nickel superalloy specimens.
Identification as a Sword in the War for Talent: Understanding Organizational Identification Through a Prospective Employee Lens
Authors: Hollstein Anna S. , Schade Michael , Kanitz Christopher , Burmann Christoph 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the intense “war for talent”, companies increasingly leverage employer branding. Previous research cites the relevance of identification for current employees (internal employer branding); our research instead addresses the relevance of identification for attracting prospective employees (external employer branding). Drawing on social identity and social comparison theory, we consider if and how prospective employees' sense of identification with the company brand, the work community, and the CEO as a human brand influences their intentions to apply. This study features a mixed‐method two‐study design. A qualitative study identifies both internal (team) and external (network) dimensions of identification with the work community. The quantitative study (including 507 job seekers) further suggests that identification with the work community exerts the strongest impact on intentions to apply. The effects of both identification with the work community and with the human brand on intentions to apply are mediated by identification with the company brand. Therefore, companies can enhance the effectiveness of their external employer branding by leveraging all three identification constructs.
Exosomal circular RNAs in tumor microenvironment: An emphasis on signaling pathways and clinical opportunities
Authors: Li Junshu , Zhou Wencheng , Wang Huiling , Huang Meijuan , Deng Hongxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExosomes can regulate the malignant progression of tumors by carrying a variety of genetic information and transmitting it to target cells. Recent studies indicate that exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple biological processes in carcinogenesis, such as tumor growth, metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, autophagy, metabolism, angiogenesis, and immune escape. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomal circRNAs can be transferred among tumor cells, endothelial cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and microbiota, affecting tumor initiation and progression. Due to the high stability and widespread presence of exosomal circRNAs, they hold promise as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction in blood and urine. In addition, designing nanoparticles targeting exosomal circRNAs and utilizing exosomal circRNAs derived from immune cells or stem cells provide new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we examined the crucial role of exosomal circRNAs in regulating tumor‐related signaling pathways and summarized the transmission of exosomal circRNAs between various types of cells and their impact on the TME. Finally, our review highlights the potential of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic prediction biomarkers, as well as suggesting new strategies for clinical therapy.
Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Clinical Trials Related to Familial Frontotemporal Dementia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zammitt David , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Fearn Caroline , Greaves Caroline , Hayes Ollie , Harding Emma , Lykourgos Madalena , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Stott Josh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsFamilial frontotemporal dementia (fFTD) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition characterised by executive dysfunction, impairments in social cognition, behaviour and language. Although no disease‐modifying interventions are currently available, several treatments are undergoing clinical trials. This study sought to understand the barriers and facilitators to taking part in such trials, as well as general perceptions of the treatments undergoing trial.MethodTwelve interviews took place with fourteen participants: eight individuals who were genetically at‐risk of developing fFTD, two individuals diagnosed with fFTD and four spousal carers. Their views and experiences of clinical trials were explored using thematic analysis.ResultsFive main themes were developed: (1) effects on the individual, (2) implications for others, (3) systemic considerations, (4) the impact of genetic status and disease progression and (5) the role of communication and understanding.ConclusionsThe decision to participate in clinical trials was said to be complex, involving consideration of logistical barriers alongside health implications. Participants identified potential advantages of participating in clinical trials to be direct health benefits and the ability to help others, however risks to participants and their families' physical and psychological wellbeing were also named. Relationships between organisations and participants were consistently considered to be important, with lack of psychological care at various timepoints post diagnosis; unclear communication and expectation‐setting; and inadequate organisational collaboration all identified as barriers. Participants indicated that increased health‐professional interest in FTD and an associated increase in opportunities would be key facilitators for greater participation in clinical trials.