bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Developing Rechargeable Room‐Temperature Sodium Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Sun Bing , Pompe Constantin , Dongmo Saustin , Zhang Jinqiang , Kretschmer Katja , Schröder Daniel , Janek Jürgen , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of high energy‐density and low‐cost energy storage devices requires new chemistry beyond the horizon of current state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Recently, sodium/oxygen (Na/O2) batteries have attracted great attention as one possible battery type among the new generation of rechargeable batteries. They convince with superior energy density, a relatively simple cell reaction, and abundance of sodium. Research on Na/O2 batteries has progressed quickly in recent years. However, a fundamental understanding underpinning the complex chemical/electrochemical side reactions is still insufficient, and many challenges remain unsolved for real practical applications. Herein, recent achievements and remaining issues for the development of rechargeable Na/O2 batteries are summarized. The discussion focuses on cell reaction mechanisms as well as cathode materials, sodium anodes, and electrolytes as key components of this type of battery. Furthermore, perspectives for future research and technological advances of Na/O2 batteries are outlined.
Gyroid “srs” Networks: Photonic Materials Beyond Nature
Authors: Goi Elena , Cumming Benjamin P. , Gu Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe gyroid “srs” network is a bio‐inspired, 3D periodic network with both cubic symmetry and chirality, which is modeled (and named) after the SrSi2 crystal. It is an excellent starting point for the development of chiral photonic materials and a powerful platform for the study of complex morphologies and novel photonic topological states. In this Progress Report, the most advanced top‐down fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and applications of metallic and dielectric gyroid micro and nanostructures are reviewed. More importantly, new research directions involving these bio‐inspired photonic materials are presented and their potential applications in integrated photonics, topological photonics, and medical sciences are discussed.
Small‐Molecule Emitters with High Quantum Efficiency: Mechanisms, Structures, and Applications in OLED Devices
Authors: Wei Qiang , Fei Nannan , Islam Amjad , Lei Tao , Hong Ling , Peng Ruixiang , Fan Xi , Chen Liang , Gao Pingqi , Ge Ziyi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrganic emitters play a vital role in determining the overall performance of organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. Traditional fluorescent emitters can only achieve external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5%, far below expectation; therefore many efforts have been spent on increasing the EQE of OLEDs. Phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, triplet–triplet annihilation, and hybridized local and charge transfer are the most widely applied approaches to harvest the 75% triplet excitons for luminescence. As for selecting or designing suitable emitters for practical applications, it is strongly demanded to have an overall view about emitters of high exciton utilizing efficiency (EUE) from molecule level, i.e., the four common approaches mentioned above and some latest ones of the doublet, singlet fission, triplet–polar annihilation, and rotationally accessed spin state inversion, and also from the aggregated state such as aggregation‐induced emission. In this review, the current progress of highly efficient emitters is presented, covering the chemical structures, the high‐EUE mechanisms in molecule level and aggregated state, and their applications in OLED devices. This review hopefully will illustrate highly efficient electroluminescent materials and their mechanisms, but more importantly, provide helpful information on how to design or select suitable emitters for specific OLED devices.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Redox‐Neutral Cyclopropanation Reactions of α‐Substituted Vinylphosphonates and Other Michael Acceptors with Chloromethyl Silicate as Methylene Transfer Reagent
Authors: Guo Ting , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaobo , Fang Yewen , Jin Xiaoping , Yang Yi , Li Yan , Chen Bin , Ouyang Minghui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe alkene cyclopropanation with chloromethyl silicate as a methylene transfer reagent has been accomplished via visible‐light‐mediated redox‐neutral catalysis. This method features broad functional group tolerance and mild conditions. In addition to α‐substituted vinylphosphonates, a range of Michael acceptors including α,β‐unsaturated acrylate, ketone, amide and sulfone are suitable substrates for this photocatalytic cyclopropanation. An application of this protocol to the cyclopropanation of estrone derivative is also presented.magnified image
Ultra‐Lightweight 3D Carbon Current Collectors: Constructing All‐Carbon Electrodes for Stable and High Energy Density Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhili , Li Na , Yang Yazheng , Chen Haosen , Jiao Shuqiang , Song Wei‐Li , Fang Daining 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) attract great interest because they allow two types of ions for reversibly intercalating into electrodes, resulting in various advantages. However, there are three critical problems using graphite‐based cathodes, namely, low active material proportion in the electrodes, current collector corrosion, and massive cathode variation. For addressing these problems, an ultra‐lightweight 3D carbon current collector (CCC) is developed to fabricate all‐carbon electrodes as both cathodes and anodes. Compared with the conventional DIBs using Al and Cu foils as current collectors, the DIBs with 3D CCC of electrically conductive pathways and sufficient ionic diffusion channels deliver enhanced specific capacity stabilized around 140 and 120 mAh g−1 at 0.5 and 1C, respectively. The electrochemically inert 3D CCC could essentially promote the energy density when calculating the entire electrode mass, along with long‐life cycle stability of 1000 cycles at 5C and no electrochemical corrosion on either anodes or cathodes. With an in situ optical microscope, the cathode expansion is found to massively reduce because the porous 3D CCC could effectively alleviate the huge volume. The results suggest a novel strategy for achieving low‐cost and high energy density DIBs with both mechanically and electrochemically stable features.
Theoretical Investigation of 2D Conductive Microporous Coordination Polymers as Li–S Battery Cathode with Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Gao Guoping , Zheng Fan , Pan Feng , Wang Lin‐Wang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEven though tremendous achievement has been made experimentally in the performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery, theoretical studies in this area are lagging behind due to the complexity of the Li–S systems and the effects of solvent. For this purpose, a new methodology is developed for investigating the 2D hexaaminobenzene‐based coordination polymers (2D‐HAB‐CPs) as cathode candidate materials for Li–S batteries via density functional theory calculations in combination with an in‐house developed charge polarized solvent model and a genetic algorithm structure global search code. With high ratios of transition metal atoms and two‐coordinated nitrogen atoms, excellent electric conductivity, and structural porosity, the 2D‐HAB‐CP is able to address all of the three main challenges facing Li–S batteries: confining the lithium polysulfides from dissolution, facilitating the electron conductivity and buffering the volumetric expansion during the lithiation process. In addition, the theoretical energy density of this system is as high as 1395 Wh kg−1. These results demonstrate that the 2D‐HAB‐CP is a promising cathode material for Li–S batteries. The proposed computational framework not only opens a new avenue for understanding the key role played by solution and liquid electrolytes in Li–S batteries, but also can be generally applied to other processes with liquids involved.
Surgical management of carcinoma in situ at ductal resection margins in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakai Toshifumi , Sakata Jun , Katada Tomohiro , Hirose Yuki , Soma Daiki , Prasoon Pankaj , Miura Kohei , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent advances in dimensional imaging, surgical technique, and perioperative patient care have resulted in increased rates of complete resection with histopathologically negative margins and improved surgical outcomes in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, achieving cancer‐free resection margins at ductal stumps in surgery for this disease remains challenging because of longitudinal extension, which is one of the hallmarks of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. When the ductal resection margins are shown to be positive on examination of frozen sections, discrimination between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma is clinically important because residual carcinoma in situ may lead to late local recurrence whereas residual invasive carcinoma is associated with early local recurrence. Residual invasive carcinoma at the ductal margins should be avoided whenever technically feasible. Residual “carcinoma in situ” at the ductal margins appears to be allowed in resection for the advanced disease because it has less effect on survival than other adverse prognostic factors (pN1 and/ or pM1). However, in surgery for early‐stage (pTis‐2N0M0) extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, residual carcinoma in situ at the ductal margins may have an adverse effect on long‐term survival, so should be avoided whenever possible. In this review, we focus on the histopathological term “carcinoma in situ,” the biological behavior of residual carcinoma in situ at ductal resection margins, intraoperative histological examination of the ductal resection margins, outcome of additional resection for positive ductal margins, and adjuvant therapy for patients with positive margins.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Reactions with Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nallapati Suresh Babu , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrganophosphines are versatile Lewis basic catalysts that have been confirmed as powerful tools in organic synthesis for the past two decades. The nucleophilic addition of organophosphines to electron‐deficient species can be divided into two categories: phosphine‐catalyzed and stoichiometric phosphine‐mediated transformations. In this focus review, we summarize recent examples of phosphine‐catalyzed addition and annulation reactions with allenoates and alkynoates. In addition, we discuss our recent efforts in the development of unusual phosphine‐mediated α‐addition reactions with enynedioates, enynoates, and oligoynoates and its application in novel functional fullerene derivatives as n‐type materials in organic photovoltaics.
Base‐Promoted Synthesis of β‐Ketophosphine Oxides from Diphenylphosphorylallenes
Authors: Ruan Li‐Heng , Wang Qiang , Sun Jing , Zhou Ming‐Dong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐free synthesis of β‐ketophosphine oxides from diphenylphosphorylallenes in the presence of pyrrolidine and silica gel has been developed under mild reaction conditions. This simple and efficient transformation tolerates a wide range of diphenylphosphorylallenes with different functional groups, and affords the desired products in moderate to excellent yields.
Fluorination of Alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Li Peng‐Hua , Shi Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroducing fluorine or fluorine‐containing groups into organic compounds or biologically active compounds to improve their physical and chemical properties such as membrane permeability, bioavailability and metabolic stability has attracted intensive attention in synthetic chemistry. During the last decades, relying on the high reactivity of alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs), many interesting synthetic methods have been developed to prepare the corresponding fluorinated organic compounds and the related scaffolds by our group and others. This review article summarized the recent advances in the fluorination of alkylidenecyclopropanes and classified the fluorinations into monofluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation reactions.
Sporadic Fatal Insomnia in Europe: Phenotypic Features and Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Abu‐Rumeileh Samir , Redaelli Veronica , Baiardi Simone , Mackenzie Graeme , Windl Otto , Ritchie Diane L. , Didato Giuseppe , Hernandez‐Vara Jorge , Rossi Marcello , Capellari Sabina , Imperiale Daniele , Rizzone Mario Giorgio , Belotti Alessia , Sorbi Sandro , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Cortelli Pietro , Gelpi Ellen , Will Robert G. , Zerr Inga , Giaccone Giorgio , Parchi Piero 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveComprehensively describe the phenotypic spectrum of sporadic fatal insomnia (sFI) to facilitate diagnosis and management of this rare and peculiar prion disorder.MethodsA survey among major prion disease reference centers in Europe identified 13 patients diagnosed with sFI in the past 20 years. We undertook a detailed analysis of clinical and histopathological features and the results of diagnostic investigations.ResultsMean age at onset was 43 years, and mean disease duration 30 months. Early clinical findings included psychiatric, sleep, and oculomotor disturbances, followed by cognitive decline and postural instability. In all tested patients, video‐polysomnography demonstrated a severe reduction of total sleep time and/or a disorganized sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of proteins 14‐3‐3 and t‐tau were unrevealing, the concentration of neurofilament light protein (NfL) was more consistently increased, and the real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay (RT‐QuIC) revealed a positive prion seeding activity in 60% of cases. Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging showed nonspecific findings, whereas fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) demonstrated a profound bilateral thalamic hypometabolism in 71% of cases. Molecular analyses revealed PrPSc type 2 and methionine homozygosity at PRNP codon 129 in all cases.InterpretationsFI is a disease of young or middle‐aged adults, which is difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis of a spontaneous etiology related to stochastic, age‐related PrP misfolding. The combination of psychiatric and/or sleep‐related symptoms with oculomotor abnormalities represents an early peculiar clinical feature of sFI to be valued in the differential diagnosis. Video‐polysomnography, FDG‐PET, and especially CSF prion RT‐QuIC and NfL constitute the most promising supportive diagnostic tests in vivo. Ann Neurol 2018;84:347–360
Catalytic Transformations of Alkynes into either α‐Alkoxy or α‐Aryl Enolates: Mannich Reactions by Cooperative Catalysis and Evidence for Nucleophile‐Directed Chemoselectivity
Authors: Sahani Rajkumar Lalji , Patil Manoj D. , Wagh Sachin Bhausaheb , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe catalytic formation of gold enolates from alkynes, nitrones, and nucleophiles is described, and their Mannich reactions result in nucleophile‐directed chemoselectivity through cooperative catalysis. For 1‐alkyn‐4‐ols and 2‐ethynylphenols, their gold‐catalyzed nitrone oxidations afforded N‐containing dihydrofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with syn selectivity. The mechanism involves the Mannich reactions of gold enolates with imines through an O‐H‐N hydrogen‐bonding motif. For aryloxyethynes, their gold enolates react selectively with nitrones to deliver 3‐alkylidenebenzofuran‐2‐ones, as controlled by a C‐H‐O hydrogen‐bonding motif.
Multidirectional Activity Control of Cellular Processes by a Versatile Chemo‐optogenetic Approach
Authors: Chen Xi , Venkatachalapathy Muthukumaran , Dehmelt Leif , Wu Yao‐Wen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe spatiotemporal dynamics of proteins or organelles plays a vital role in controlling diverse cellular processes. However, acute control of activity at distinct locations within a cell is challenging. A versatile multidirectional activity control (MAC) approach is presented, which employs a photoactivatable system that may be dimerized upon chemical inducement. The system comprises second‐generation SLF*‐TMP (S*T) and photocaged NvocTMP‐Cl dimerizers; where, SLF*‐TMP features a synthetic ligand of the FKBP(F36V) binding protein, Nvoc is a caging group, and TMP is the antibiotic trimethoprim. Two MAC strategies are demonstrated to spatiotemporally control cellular signaling and intracellular cargo transport. The novel platform enables tunable, reversible, and rapid control of activity at multiple compartments in living cells.
Rhenium Metal and Rhenium Nitride Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Hämäläinen Jani , Mizohata Kenichiro , Meinander Kristoffer , Mattinen Miika , Vehkamäki Marko , Räisänen Jyrki , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRhenium is both a refractory metal and a noble metal that has attractive properties for various applications. Still, synthesis and applications of rhenium thin films have been limited. We introduce herein the growth of both rhenium metal and rhenium nitride thin films by the technologically important atomic layer deposition (ALD) method over a wide deposition temperature range using fast, simple, and robust surface reactions between rhenium pentachloride and ammonia. Films are grown and characterized for compositions, surface morphologies and roughnesses, crystallinities, and resistivities. Conductive rhenium subnitride films of tunable composition are obtained at deposition temperatures between 275 and 375 °C, whereas pure rhenium metal films grow at 400 °C and above. Even a just 3 nm thick rhenium film is continuous and has a low resistivity of about 90 μΩ cm showing potential for applications for which also other noble metals and refractory metals have been considered.
A Click Cage: Organelle‐Specific Uncaging of Lipid Messengers
Authors: Wagner Nicolai , Stephan Milena , Höglinger Doris , Nadler André 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLipid messengers exert their function on short time scales at distinct subcellular locations, yet most experimental approaches for perturbing their levels trigger cell‐wide concentration changes. Herein, we report on a coumarin‐based photocaging group that can be modified with organelle‐targeting moieties by click chemistry and thus enables photorelease of lipid messengers in distinct organelles. We show that caged arachidonic acid and sphingosine derivatives can be selectively delivered to mitochondria, the ER, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane. By comparing the cellular calcium transients induced by localized uncaging of arachidonic acid and sphingosine, we show that the precise intracellular localization of the released second messenger is crucial for the signaling outcome. Ultimately, we anticipate that this new class of caged compounds will greatly facilitate the study of cellular processes on the organelle level.
The role of introduced species in the decline of a highly endemic fish fauna in Central Mexico
Authors: Gesundheit Pablo , Macías Garcia Constantino 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Central Mexico, home to a unique and imperilled freshwater fish fauna, high in endemism, is also a very densely populated region with considerable human activity.
Aquatic systems in the region have been heavily disturbed by human activity in the form of species introductions, pollution, and habitat modification, which has resulted in the extirpation of native fishes and the alteration of the native fish fauna.
An analysis of the roles of these factors in the decline of the fish fauna and an overview of its conservation status are presented. Both current and historic fish assemblages were characterized and water physicochemical parameters recorded at 62 localities within the region. Water quality, hydrological modification, and the presence of introduced species were used as variables in a linear model to explore their respective influence on the integrity of local fish assemblages.
Analyses suggest that both water quality and the presence of introduced species have had adverse impacts of similar magnitude on the conservation status of native species, whereas hydrological modification has had no statistically significant effect.
This survey revealed the profound alteration of the fish fauna. Only 40% of the expected native populations were found, and only 30% of the sampled assemblages were free of introduced species. As little as 17% of the sampled assemblages were taxonomically intact. The mean species richness per locality was only half of that indicated by historical records. The conservation value of springs, where many threatened microendemics can still be found, is highlighted, and we argue that their small size and isolation make them key targets for conservation efforts.
Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel 4‐anilino‐7,8‐dihydropyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6(5H)‐carboxylate derivatives as potential EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Dajun , Yan Yan , Jin Ge , Liu Bo , Ma Xiaoliang , Han Dan , Jia Xiaojian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNovel series of 4‐anilino‐7,8‐dihydropyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6(5H)‐carboxylates (5a–p, 7, and 8a–e) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the A549, HT29, H460, and H1975 cancer cell lines in vitro. Nine compounds (5a–c, 5i, 5j, 7, 8a, 8b, 8i) demonstrated moderate to significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 values below 18 µM on A549 cells, which were comparable to that of the reference gefitinib (IC50 = 18.44 µM). Especially, the further enzymatic analysis on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, and VEGFR identified compound 5a as a promising hit that exhibited considerable potency both in cellular (IC50 = 5.67, 17.04, 11.29, and 12.65 µM, respectively) and EGFR enzymatic assays (IC50 = 14.8 nM). Compound 5a was capable of down‐regulating the expression of EGFR and inhibited EGFR phosphorylation in a dose‐dependent manner, representing a potential EGFR candidate for further optimization.
An Amplitude‐ and Rate‐Saturated Controller for Linear Plants
Authors: Baiomy Nehal , Kikuuwe Ryo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new nonlinear controller applicable to single‐input linear systems under bounded disturbance. The controller provides control signals satisfying specified amplitude and rate‐of‐change limitations. This feature is realized by its sliding mode‐like structure comprising a set‐valued function. The controller also employs a state‐dependent parameter to broaden the region of attraction and to shrink the terminal attractor. In addition, this paper provides a discrete‐time implementation of the proposed controller based on a model‐based implicit discretization scheme. Numerical examples show the validity of the proposed controller.
Observer‐Based Adaptive Output Feedback Fault Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Hydro‐Turbine Governing System with State Delay
Authors: Yi Yapeng , Chen Diyi , Li Huanhuan , Li Chaoshun , Zhou Jianzhong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of adaptive output feedback fault tolerant control for a nonlinear hydro‐turbine governing system. A dynamic mathematical model of the system is established, which aims to investigate the dynamic performance of the model under servomotor delay and actuator faults. Then, a fault estimation adaptive observer is proposed to achieve online real‐time diagnosis of system faults. Based on the online fault estimation information, an observer‐based adaptive output feedback fault tolerant controller is designed. Furthermore, under reasonable assumptions, the results demonstrate that the closed‐loop control system can achieve global asymptotic stability by Lyapunov function. Finally, the numerical simulation results are presented to indicate the satisfaction control effectiveness of the proposed scheme.