bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Comparing Single-incision Versus Traditional Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy For Right Colon Diseases
Authors: Zhao Guo-Hua , Wang Haotian , Yu Hairu , Sun Jiayi , Zhao Congxuan , Liu Yeqiu , Xiong Jiajia , Chang Jing , Wang Mixue , Wang Wenhui , Ye Dongman , Zhou Hongyan , Yu Tao 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Single-incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (SILS) has been promoted in clinic since 2008, but a systematic review of comparing SILS and traditional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (TLS) with long-term follow-up is rare. Here, in this study, comparison of SILS and TLS with long-term follow-up was evaluated by a meta-analysis method.

Methods:
All studies about SILS and TLS for right hemicolectomy from 2010 to 2018 were searched from databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang. Operation index, recovery, and midterm follow-up data were evaluated by fixed-effects models, random-effects models, and Begg test.

Results:
We collected 22 studies with 2218 patients. SILS groups contained 1038 (46.7%) patients, and 1180 (53.3%) patients were observed in the TLS group. Patients’ baseline data were similar in the 2 groups. Compared with TLS, SILS had shorter operation duration [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.61 to −0.08, P<0.001, χ2=49.40], shorter hospitalization time (SMD: −0.27, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.16, P<0.001, χ2=9.17), slightly less blood loss (SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.10; P<0.001; χ2=5.36), and smaller incision length (SMD: −2.19, 95% CI: −3.66 to −0.71, P<0.001; χ2=316.1). No statistical differences were observed in other figures.

Conclusion:
SILS is more convenient and has better efficacy than TLS and could provide a promising surgical approach for right colon diseases.
Cancer cachexia in thoracic malignancy: a narrative review
Authors: Kidd Andrew C. , Skrzypski Marcin , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Blyth Kevin G. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
Thoracic malignancies are amongst the most lethal of all cancers. Cancer cachexia lacks unanimously accepted diagnostic criteria, and therefore is referenced to as a conceptual framework whereby cancer cachexia is ‘an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (termed sarcopenia), with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment’. This review summarises the current evidence base in this field, including imaging techniques currently used to define sarcopenia, inflammatory and metabolic changes associated with the syndrome and ongoing research into potential treatment strategies.

Recent findings
Sarcopenia is a key component of the cancer cachexia syndrome. It is common in patients with both early-stage and advanced NSCLC. Patients with sarcopenia have more treatment-related side effects and poorer overall survival compared with nonsarcopenic patients.

Summary
Early identification of cancer cachexia may facilitate stratification of patients most-at-risk and initiation of emerging anticachexia treatments. If these are proven to be effective, this strategy has the potential to improve tolerance to anti-cancer therapies, improving the quality of life, and perhaps the survival, of patients with thoracic malignancies.
Single cell ecology
Authors: Richards Thomas A. , Massana Ramon , Pagliara Stefano , Hall Neil 
Published: October 2019

Cells are the building blocks of life, from single-celled microbes through to multi-cellular organisms. To understand a multitude of biological processes we need to understand how cells behave, how they interact with each other and how they respond to their environment. The use of new methodologies is changing the way we study cells allowing us to study them on minute scales and in unprecedented detail. These same methods are allowing researchers to begin to sample the vast diversity of microbes that dominate natural environments. The aim of this special issue is to bring together research and perspectives on the application of new approaches to understand the biological properties of cells, including how they interact with other biological entities.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
A single-cell genome perspective on studying intracellular associations in unicellular eukaryotes
Authors: Tyml Tomáš , Date Shailesh V. , Woyke Tanja 
Published: October 2019

Single-cell genomics (SCG) methods provide a unique opportunity to analyse whole genome information at the resolution of an individual cell. While SCG has been extensively used to investigate bacterial and archaeal genomes, the technique has been rarely used to access the genetic makeup of uncultivated microbial eukaryotes. In this regard, the use of SCG can provide a wealth of information; not only do the methods allow exploration of the genome, they can also help elucidate the relationship between the cell and intracellular entities extant in nearly all eukaryotes. SCG enables the study of total eukaryotic cellular DNA, which in turn allows us to better understand the evolutionary history and diversity of life, and the physiological interactions that define complex organisms.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Combined cultivation and single-cell approaches to the phylogenomics of nucleariid amoebae, close relatives of fungi
Authors: Galindo Luis Javier , Torruella Guifré , Moreira David , Eglit Yana , Simpson Alastair G. B. , Völcker Eckhard , Clauß Steffen , López-García Purificación 
Published: October 2019

Nucleariid amoebae (Opisthokonta) have been known since the nineteenth century but their diversity and evolutionary history remain poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, we have obtained genomic and transcriptomic data from threeNuclearia, twoPompholyxophrysand oneLithocollaspecies using traditional culturing and single-cell genome (SCG) and single-cell transcriptome amplification methods. The phylogeny of the complete 18S rRNA sequences ofPompholyxophrysandLithocollaconfirmed their suggested evolutionary relatedness to nucleariid amoebae, although with moderate support for internal splits. SCG amplification techniques also led to the identification of probable bacterial endosymbionts belonging to Chlamydiales and Rickettsiales inPompholyxophrys. To improve the phylogenetic framework of nucleariids, we carried out phylogenomic analyses based on two datasets of, respectively, 264 conserved proteins and 74 single-copy protein domains. We obtained full support for the monophyly of the nucleariid amoebae, which comprise two major clades: (i)Parvularia–Fonticulaand (ii)Nucleariawith the scaled generaPompholyxophrysandLithocolla. Based on these findings, the evolution of some traits of the earliest-diverging lineage of Holomycota can be inferred. Our results suggest that the last common ancestor of nucleariids was a freshwater, bacterivorous, non-flagellated filose and mucilaginous amoeba. From the ancestor, two groups evolved to reach smaller (Parvularia–Fonticula) and larger (Nucleariaand related scaled genera) cell sizes, leading to different ecological specialization. TheLithocolla+Pompholyxophrysclade developed exogenous or endogenous cell coverings from aNuclearia-like ancestor.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Using single-cell transcriptomics to understand functional states and interactions in microbial eukaryotes
Authors: Ku Chuan , Sebé-Pedrós Arnau 
Published: October 2019

Understanding the diversity and evolution of eukaryotic microorganisms remains one of the major challenges of modern biology. In recent years, we have advanced in the discovery and phylogenetic placement of new eukaryotic species and lineages, which in turn completely transformed our view on the eukaryotic tree of life. But we remain ignorant of the life cycles, physiology and cellular states of most of these microbial eukaryotes, as well as of their interactions with other organisms. Here, we discuss how high-throughput genome-wide gene expression analysis of eukaryotic single cells can shed light on protist biology. First, we review different single-cell transcriptomics methodologies with particular focus on microbial eukaryote applications. Then, we discuss single-cell gene expression analysis of protists in culture and what can be learnt from these approaches. Finally, we envision the application of single-cell transcriptomics to protist communities to interrogate not only community components, but also the gene expression signatures of distinct cellular and physiological states, as well as the transcriptional dynamics of interspecific interactions. Overall, we argue that single-cell transcriptomics can significantly contribute to our understanding of the biology of microbial eukaryotes.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Structure of a rabies virus polymerase complex from electron cryo-microscopy
Authors: Horwitz Joshua A. , Jenni Simon , Harrison Stephen C. , Whelan Sean P.J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNon-segmented negative-stranded (NNS) RNA viruses, among them the virus that causes rabies (RABV), include many deadly human pathogens. The large polymerase (L) proteins of NNS-RNA viruses carry all the enzymatic functions required for viral mRNA transcription and replication: RNA polymerization, mRNA capping, cap methylation. We describe here a complete structure of RABV L bound with its phosphoprotein cofactor (P), determined by electron cryo-microscopy at 3.3 Å resolution. The complex closely resembles vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) L-P, the one other known full-length NNS-RNA L protein structure, with key local differences (e.g., in L-P interactions). Like the VSV L-P structure, the RABV complex analyzed here represents a pre-initiation conformation. Comparison with the likely elongation state, seen in two partial structures of pneumovirus L-P complexes, suggests differences between priming/initiation and elongation complexes. Analysis of internal cavities within RABV L suggests distinct template and product entry and exit pathways during transcription and replication.
Deep Active Lesion Segmentation
Authors: Hatamizadeh Ali , Hoogi Assaf , Sengupta Debleena , Lu Wuyue , Wilcox Brian , Rubin Daniel , Terzopoulos Demetri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLesion segmentation is an important problem in computer-assisted diagnosis that remains challenging due to the prevalence of low contrast, irregular boundaries that are unamenable to shape priors. We introduce Deep Active Lesion Segmentation (DALS), a fully automated segmentation framework that leverages the powerful nonlinear feature extraction abilities of fully Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the precise boundary delineation abilities of Active Contour Models (ACMs). Our DALS framework benefits from an improved level-set ACM formulation with a per-pixel-parameterized energy functional and a novel multiscale encoder-decoder CNN that learns an initialization probability map along with parameter maps for the ACM. We evaluate our lesion segmentation model on a new Multiorgan Lesion Segmentation (MLS) dataset that contains images of various organs, including brain, liver, and lung, across different imaging modalities—MR and CT. Our results demonstrate favorable performance compared to competing methods, especially for small training datasets.
The mTORC1/S6K/PDCD4/eIF4A axis determines outcome of mitosis
Authors: Moustafa-Kamal Mohamed , Kucharski Thomas , El Assad Wissal , Gandin Valentina , Abas Yazan , Nagar Bhushan , Pelletier Jerry , Topisirovic Ivan , Teodoro Jose G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractmTOR is a serine/threonine kinase which acts a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Raptor, a scaffolding protein that recruits substrates to mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), is known to be phosphorylated during mitosis, but the significance of this phosphorylation remains largely unknown. Here we show that raptor expression and mTORC1 activity are dramatically reduced in mitotic arrested cells across a variety of cancer and normal cell lines. Prevention of raptor phosphorylation during mitosis resulted in reactivation of mTORC1 in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. Importantly, expression of a non-phosphorylatable raptor mutant caused a dramatic reduction in cytotoxicity of the spindle poison Taxol. This effect was mediated via degradation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 4 (PDCD4), a tumor suppressor protein that inhibits eIF4A activity and is negatively regulated by the mTORC1/S6K pathway. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of eIF4A was able to enhance the effects of taxol and restore sensitivity in Taxol resistant cancer cells. These findings indicate that the mTORC1/S6K/PDCD4/eIF4A axis has a pivotal role in death vs. slippage decision during prolonged mitotic arrest and may be exploited to gain a clinical benefit in treating cancers resistant to anti-mitotic drugs.
Considering the impacts of simultaneous perils
Authors: Ordaz Mario , Salgado-Gálvez Mario Andrés , Huerta Benjamín , Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Avelar Carlos 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe development of multi-hazard risk assessment frameworks has gained momentum in the recent past. Nevertheless, the common practice with openly available risk data sets, such as the ones derived from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Global Risk Model, has been to assess risk individually for each peril and afterwards aggregate, when possible, the results. Although this approach is sufficient for perils that do not have any interaction between them, for the cases where such interaction exists, and losses can be assumed to occur simultaneously, there may be underestimation of losses. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes a methodology to integrate simultaneous losses caused by earthquakes and tsunamis, with a peril-agnostic approach that can be expanded to other hazards. The methodology is applied in two relevant locations in Latin America, Acapulco (Mexico) and Callao (Peru), considering in each case building by building exposure databases with portfolios of different characteristics, where the results obtained with the proposed approach are compared against those obtained after the direct aggregation of individual losses.FindingsThe fully probabilistic risk assessment framework used herein is the same of the global risk model but applied at a much higher resolution level of the hazard and exposure data sets, showing its scalability characteristics and the opportunities to refine certain inputs to move forward into decision-making activities related to disaster risk management and reduction.Originality/valueThis paper applies for the first time the proposed methodology in a high-resolution multi-hazard risk assessment for earthquake and tsunami in two major coastal cities in Latin America.
Analyzing the sequence and interrelations of Natech disasters in Urban areas using interpretive structural modelling (ISM)
Authors: Firouzi Jahantigh Farzad , Jannat Forozandeh 
Published: October 2019

PurposeNatural disasters such as earthquake, flood and hurricane always threaten human life and societies. A major challenge is technological hazards triggered by such disasters, especially in metropolises and urban areas. Thus, these hazards have been the focus of interest in many countries, and suitable crisis management plans have been made to address them. The purpose of this study was to cluster technological hazards caused by natural disasters in urban areas.Design/methodology/approachAccording to literature, a set of 15 technological hazards was identified whose magnificence and interrelations were analysed using interpretive structural modelling technique. DEMATEL technique was used to determine internal relations among the hazards and to draw a network relation map.FindingsThe results revealed that dam failing, water supply disruption and building collapse form the base of the structural model.Originality/valueThe authors developed a structural model representing the hierarchy and interrelations among various elements of technological hazards caused by natural disaster. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first attempt to reveal internal relations of Natech factors. Finally, some recommendations were proposed for crisis management according to research findings.
Implementation of phosphor sedimentation to reduce thermal instability issue affecting white LED luminescence
Authors: Peng Hui Yuen , Yam Fong Kwong 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
In general, lighting application, white light emitting diode (LED) usually exposed to an extreme operating temperature of above 90°C. It is well-known that luminous efficacy and spectral characteristic of white LED are dependent on the temperature, causing thermal effects on luminous efficacy and color shift of white LED become a critical application checkpoint to be addressed by white LED manufactures. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to minimize the thermal stability issue affecting white LED luminescence during operation by introducing phosphor sedimentation process.

Design/methodology/approach
The LED samples were assembled and sent for centrifugation with 0, 5 and 10 revolutions per second (rps), respectively, during phosphor sedimentation process. Luminescence properties of these LED samples were then characterized at a varying temperature to investigate the effect of phosphor sedimentation on the luminescence stability of LED samples. The LED samples were also cross-sectioned and analyzed to understand the phosphor sedimentation mechanism. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to study the temperature distribution of the non-phosphor sediment (NPS) and phosphor sediment (PS) LED during operation to validate the hypotheses based on experimental data.

Findings
Experimental results show that the luminous intensity of PS LED samples degrades less significant at high temperature. The experimental results also show that the color coordinate for PS LED samples is more stable and is less blue-shifted than NPS LED samples as the temperature increased. These are because the heat generated by phosphor particles during operation can be dissipated effectively throughout a high thermal conductivity substrate after phosphor sedimentation. Thus, the phosphor temperature of PS LED is lower than NPS LED during operation as validated with the thermal simulation.

Practical implications
The study of this paper is applicable as a reference for industries who intend to resolve the thermal stability of white LED during operation. The luminescence properties changes as a function of the temperature study in this paper can be used to predict the application performances of white LED accurately. Apart from that, the analysis method of temperature distribution using CFD simulations can be extended by other CFD users in the future.

Originality/value
Implementation of phosphor sedimentation to reduce thermal instability issue of white LED has yet to be reported on previous studies. Most literature just studied the thermal instability issue of either assembled LED or raw material, without suggesting any solution to tackle the issue.
Assessment of the management of student affairs records
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess records management components, such as record scheduled, records appraisal, destroyed/disposed, retained, training of staff on the management of the student affairs records (SARs), provided access, the challenges associated with efficient management of SARs and strategies for effective management of SARs, to determine the extent the Student Affairs Department (SAD) complies with the University of Mpumalanga (UMP) records management policy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses qualitative methodology of a triangulation of data collection and this included interviews, document analysis and observation.FindingsThe literature review, as well as the interview, revealed that findings on the UMP records management policy are multi-layered. A number of participants mentioned lack of records centre, records retention and appraisal of records, records management training and managing access to information as a challenge to the management of SARs.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was only limited to the UMP, Student Affairs Division, with a population of 15 staff members even though the findings can be applied to all the universities in South Africa.Practical implicationsSAD has a unique contribution to make to ensure that records created within their division are managed in terms of the UMP records management policy by ensuring that components such as records storage retention and appraisal of records management training and managing access to information are adhered to.Social implicationsFailure to comply with the UMP records management policy by the Student Affairs Division will contribute to the loss of institutional memories, non-compliance with legislations such as Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000, National Archives and Records Services Act 46 of 1996 and the Protection of Personal Information Act No 4. Of 2013.Originality/valueThe research appears to be the first of its kind, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to assess SARs at the UMP, South Africa.
Developing resilient supply chains: lessons from high-reliability organisations
Authors: Sawyerr Emmanuel , Harrison Christian 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the prescribed formative elements of supply chain resilience (SCR) in literature, to compare them with the unique characteristics of high reliability organisations (HROs) and derive lessons useful for improving SCR.Design/methodology/approachTwo systematic literature reviews are carried out as follows: one on SCR and the other on HRO, which identified 107 studies and 18 papers, respectively. The results from the review are presented, analysed and synthesised.FindingsFindings suggest that despite significant similarities in some of the proposed formative elements for SCR and the characteristics of HROs, the strong managerial commitment exhibited in HROs is absent in SCR literature. More importantly, the most cited characteristic of HROs, which is their flexible decision making structure is pointed out as a prima lesson towards developing resilience in supply chains.Practical implicationsA decision making framework to facilitate flexible decision making for supply chains during crisis is presented. Further, practical lessons are pointed out from principles common to both streams of literature such as redundancy, human resource management, collaboration, agility, flexibility, culture and risk avoidance that can be implemented in supply chains.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study to systematically review HROs, adapt a HRO decision making framework and also apply the Cynefin framework to SCR. This, therefore, provides the basis to launch further research into the use of these theories and the role of decision-making in SCR creation.