bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social group and health care provider interventions to increase the demand for malaria rapid diagnostic test among community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Omale Ugwu I. , Azuogu Benedict N. , Alo Chihurumnanya , Madubueze Ugochukwu C. , Oka Onyinyechukwu U. , Okeke Kingsley C. , Okafor Ifeyinwa M. , Utulu Rowland , Akpan Uduak E. , Iloke Chijioke V. , Nnubia Anthonia O. , Eze Ifeyinwa I. , Anene Ogechukwu C. , Nnabu Chukwuka R. , Ibemesi Deborah C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization recommended (in 2010) universal testing for suspected malaria, due to some fundamental changes in malaria trends such as the declining incidence of malaria in high-burden countries, the emergence of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs especially artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the increased availability of diagnostic testing such as the malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT). The Nigerian government has long adopted this recommendation and with the support of foreign partners has scaled up the availability of MRDT. However, the malaria/MRDT rate in the communities is still far short of the recommendation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social group and social group/provider interventions in increasing the demand (use and/or request) for MRDT among community members with fever or malaria-like illness in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.

Methods
A three-arm, parallel, stratified cluster randomized design will be used to evaluate the effect of two interventions compared to control: control involves the usual practice of provision of MRDT services by public primary healthcare providers and patent medicine vendors; social group intervention involves the sensitization/education of social groups about MRDT; social group/provider intervention involves social group treatment plus the training of healthcare providers in health communication about MRDT with clients. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 5 years of age with fever/malaria-like illness, in the 2 weeks preceding a household survey, who received MRDT. The co-primary outcome is the proportion of children ages 5 years and above and adults (excluding pregnant women) with fever/malaria-like illness, in the 2 weeks preceding a household survey, who received MRDT. The primary outcome will be assessed through household surveys at baseline and at the end of the study.

Discussion
The pragmatic and behavioural nature of the interventions delivered to groups of individuals and the need to minimize contamination informed the use of a cluster-randomized design in this study in investigating whether the social group and social group/provider interventions will increase the demand for MRDT among community members. “Pragmatic” means the interventions would occur in natural settings or real- life situations.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN14046444. Registered on 14 August 2018.
Nanostructured lipid carriers of ivermectin as a novel drug delivery system in hydatidosis
Authors: Ahmadpour Ehsan , Godrati-Azar Zahra , Spotin Adel , Norouzi Roghayeh , Hamishehkar Hamed , Nami Sanam , Heydarian Peyman , Rajabi Saba , Mohammadi Maryam , Perez-Cordon Gregorio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid disease in humans. This zoonotic parasitic infection remains a major health problem in certain areas of the world where is still endemic. In view of the ineffectiveness of some drug treatments, the surgical removal of cysts remains the preferred treatment option together with the administration of albendazole and mebendazole. However, severe side effects of these drugs have been reported which demands developing new scolicidal agents that confer suitable efficacy and fewer side effects during surgery.

Methods
To that purpose, in the present work we assessed the effectiveness of ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone endectocide that has shown to be an effective nematocidal drug against other important parasitic infections. To overcome the limitations observed in some drug formulations and resistance, we used nano lipid carriers (NLCs) as a targeted and sustained drug delivery system for IVM. We evaluated the in vitro cestocidal and apoptotic effects of NLCs-loaded IVM versus IVM by quantifying the expression of caspase-3 mRNA.

Results
We found that after 60 and 120 min of administration, 800 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml NLCs-loaded IVM induced 100% mortality, respectively. On the other hand, the 800 μg/ml of IVM induced 100% mortality rate 150 min after administration. Additionally, we found that NLCs-loaded IVM induced higher mRNA caspase-3 expression suggesting a more potent apoptotic effect on the parasite.

Conclusions
These data suggest that NLCs-loaded IVM may be a promising alternative to current treatments although in vivo studies are needed.
Association between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Li Zhibin , Han Hongfeng , Chang Yuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies investigating the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incidence of gastric cancer (GC) showed inconsistent results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of MetS on GC risk in a meta-analysis.

Methods
Cohort studies that evaluating the association between MetS and GC were identified via systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Pooled analyses were performed via a random-effect model or a fixed effect model according to the heterogeneity among the studies. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate whether gender or ethnic group of the patients affected the results.

Results
Overall, eight cohort studies with 8,745,671 participants were included, and 37,245 GC cases occurred during follow-up. Results showed that MetS defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adults Treatment Panel III criteria was not associated with a significantly affected GC risk (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 1.03, p = 0.59; I2 = 79%). Subgroup analyses showed that MetS was not associated with a significantly affected risk of GC in male or female patients, and in Asians or Caucasians. Moreover, meta-analysis of four datasets showed that MetS defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria was also not associated with a significant affected risk of GC (adjusted RR: 0.80, p = 0.05; I2 = 0%).

Conclusions
These results indicated that current evidence from epidemiological studies does not support that patients with MetS are at higher risk for the development of GC.
Brain STAT5 Modulates Long-Term Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes Induced by Pregnancy and Lactation in Female Mice
Authors: Teixeira Pryscila D S , Ramos-Lobo Angela M , Furigo Isadora C , Donato Jose 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeveral metabolic and behavioral adaptations that emerge during pregnancy remain present after weaning. Thus, reproductive experience causes long-lasting metabolic programming, particularly in the brain. However, the isolate effects of pregnancy or lactation and the molecular mechanisms involved in these long-term modifications are currently unknown. In the current study, we investigated the role of brain signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5), a key transcription factor recruited by hormones highly secreted during gestation or lactation, for the long-term adaptations induced by reproductive experience. In control mice, pregnancy followed by lactation led to increased body adiposity and reduced ambulatory activity later in life. Additionally, pregnancy+lactation induced long-term epigenetic modifications in the brain: we observed upregulation in hypothalamic expression of histone deacetylases and reduced numbers of neurons with histone H3 acetylation in the paraventricular, arcuate, and ventromedial nuclei. Remarkably, brain-specific STAT5 ablation prevented all metabolic and epigenetic changes observed in reproductively experienced control female mice. Nonetheless, brain-specific STAT5 knockout (KO) mice that had the experience of pregnancy but did not lactate showed increased body weight and reduced energy expenditure later in life, whereas pregnancy KO and pregnancy+lactation KO mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity compared with virgin KO mice. In summary, lactation is necessary for the long-lasting metabolic effects observed in reproductively experienced female mice. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms involving histone acetylation in neuronal populations related to energy balance regulation are possibly associated with these long-term consequences. Finally, our findings highlighted the key role played by brain STAT5 signaling for the chronic metabolic and epigenetic changes induced by pregnancy and lactation.
Unfolding the enigma of lamina cribrosa morphometry and its association with glaucoma
Authors: Saba Ayesha , Usmani Ambreen Usmani , Islam Qamarul , Assad Tahira 
Published: October 2019

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is worldwide prevalent ailment, affecting millions, and leading irreversible cause of blindness. The treatment strategies revolve around one modifiable factor, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), despite POAG presenting with normal IOP. Emphasis is put forth in recent past detecting structural elements of glaucoma; lamina cribrosa (LC) is found to be a promising prospect. Morphological alterations of LC are implicated as early sign before onset of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). In this review, the authors explored scientific works from 1976 till 2018 through Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, HEC Digital Library, Springerlink, and PakMedinet in four months’ time, extracted structural features of LC, its measurable attributes, fresh innovations employed for in-vivo visualization and clinical signs aiding in establishing diagnosis of glaucoma which will assist as a prophylactic measure against GON. No such work has ever been done in South-East Asia including our country. So LC opens a new horizon for research in Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.568
How to cite this:Saba A, Usmani A, Qamar-Ul-Islam, Assad T. Unfolding the enigma of lamina cribrosa morphometry and its association with glaucoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1730-1735. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.568
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinicopathological study of ameloblastoma and detection of human papilloma virus by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ali Misbah , Bukhari Mulazim Hussain , Hassan Faiza , Illyas Maria 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the clinocopathological factors and presence of Human Pappiloma Virus in ameloblastoma by immnohistochemistry.
Methods: It was a cross sectional study on 50 surgical specimens of ameloblastoma, completed in six months. These were selected and processed for initial screening by H&E and then by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The questionnaire was designed to study the clinicopathological factors associated in these patients. Sections of 4µm were cut, placed on special positive charged glass slides in the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University. It was then examined by the histopathologists for grading and scoring of these lesions. Chi Square test was used to assess the differences found in types of ameloblastomas. The p-value was smaller than 0.05 (p < 0.05).
Results: The mean age of the patients (12-80 years old) was 38.6±15.1 years, with male-female ratio 2.84: 1. HPV was positive in 9 (18%), whereas negative in of 41 (82%) patients. Among the positive, reactive HPV with score-1 was 8 and score-2 was 1. According to histological variant, follicular was present in 78%, Plexiform pattern in 8%, Conventional and Desmoplastic variants in one patient each; and Cystic and Acanthomatous were seen in two and three patients respectively. The mandible was involved in 39 patients, maxilla and right maxilla involved in 4 patients each, right retromolar, cheek and angle of mandible was seen in one patient each. About 16% patients had anterior, 66% had posterior and 18% had both anterior and posterior regions involved. Among the HPV positive reactive statistically, no significant difference was found with smoking, Paan and exposure to pesticides, factory or mine (p-value > 0.05). Among HPV positive reactive patients, eight had ameloblastoma whereas, 1 had ameloblastomic fibroma. There was no statistical significance of type, location and region of tumor in HPV positivity.
Conclusion: Mandible and posterior region was more commonly involved. Follicular pattern was most common. There was no effect of exposure to pesticides, factory or mine, smoke and human papilloma virus in the etiology of ameloblastoma because only 18% of patients showed the association of HPV16
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.909
How to cite this:Ali M, Bukhari MH, Hassan F, Illyas M. Clinicopathological study of ameloblastoma and detection of human papilloma virus by immunohistochemistry. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1691-1696. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.909
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Use of dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane allograft on infected ruptured arteriovenous fistula: revision and closure
Authors: Al-Khateeb Mutaz , Al-Muzakki Zaki , Ftyan Mohammed , Itani Hussam , Istwan Niki , Tettelbach William 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Over two million individuals worldwide, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), depend on dialysis therapy or a kidney transplant for survival. Every haemodialysis patient requires vascular access. The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is preferred for long-term hemodialysis vascular access due to long-term primary patency rates. Given the limited options for haemodialysis access and placement, preservation of existing AVF sites is always a clinical priority. This case report describes a novel approach to wound closure with the application of dehydrated amnion chorion human membrane (dHACM) at an AVF surgical site known to be complicated with issues of scarring and tissue breakdown. The patient was treated successfully with the imperative preservation of his AVF given that he had few other vascular access options.
‘Maybe we can turn the tide’: an explanatory mixed-methods study to understand how knowledge brokers mobilise health evidence in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Norton Theresa C. , Rodriguez Daniela C. , Howell Catherine , Reynolds Charlene , Willems Sara 
Published: October 2019

Background
Little is known about how knowledge brokers (KBs) operate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to translate evidence for health policy and practice. These intermediaries facilitate relationships between evidence producers and users to address public health issues.

Aims and objectives
To increase understanding, a mixed-methods study collected data from KBs who had acted on evidence from the 2015 Global Maternal Newborn Health Conference in Mexico.

Methods
Of the 1000 in-person participants, 252 plus 72 online participants (n=324) from 56 countries completed an online survey, and 20 participants from 15 countries were interviewed. Thematic analysis and application of knowledge translation (KT) theory explored factors influencing KB actions leading to evidence uptake. Descriptive statistics of respondent characteristics were used for cross-case comparison.

Findings
Results suggest factors supporting the KB role in evidence uptake, which include active relationships with evidence users through embedded KB roles, targeted and tailored evidence communication to fit the context, user receptiveness to evidence from a similar country setting, adaptability in the KB role, and action orientation of KBs.

Discussion and conclusions
Initiatives to increase evidence uptake in LMICs should work to establish supportive structures for embedded KT, identify processes for ongoing cross-country learning, and strengthen KBs already showing effectiveness in their roles.
Análisis bibliométrico de tesis doctorales españolas en lactancia materna, entre los años 1980- 2015
Authors: García Rubio Ana , Gómez García Carmen Isabel , Martínez Clares Pilar , Ruíz García María Jesús 
Published: October 2019

La sociedad actual inserta en un mundo VUCA (volátil, incierto, complejo y ambiguo) ha producido cambios vertiginosos en relación a la Lactancia Materna (LM). Es por ello que consideramos preciso analizar el conocimiento y la producción científica efectuada hasta la fecha sobre esta disciplina. De esta inquietud, surge esta investigación como un estudio interdisciplinar que pretende dar prioridad a la protección, promoción y apoyo a la LM.La finalidad es investigar el crecimiento y la distribución de los documentos científicos a través de su análisis y evaluación, con el fin de recoger la producción científica de los investigadores en LM. Para ello se utiliza una muestra de 155 Tesis Doctorales publicadas en las Universidades Españolas, con el denominador común de la palabra clave lactancia materna, en el período comprendido entre los años 1980 a 2015. La metodología utilizada es mixta, con análisis de datos cualitativos, enmarcados dentro de un análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo, así como un análisis cuantitativo mediante indicadores bibliométricos. Se trata de ofrecer un conjunto sólido y fiable de procesos y resultados sistemáticos, empíricos y críticos de investigación, a fin de exponer la información sobre las tendencias actuales y futuras de investigación e innovación.
Penetapan Kadar Kalsium dalam Pakan Formulasi untuk Zoea Awal Kepiting Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Pratama Idham Sumarto , Juwana Sri , Permadi Sandi 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Determination of Calcium Concentration in Formulated Feed for Early Zoea Crab Scylla paramamosain.</strong> Calcification process of the new shell during postmoulting of crab fries needs calcium from food and water in the environment. However, the digestive enzymes in the early phase of zoea have not functioned perfectly yet, so the artificial feed given in the ration of crab fries may be less digestable. Therefore, in this study Enzyplex (commercial enzyme) was added to the formulated feed for rearing of crab fries (zoea at early phase). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calcium addition into the formulated feed on the growth and survival of mud crab Scylla paramamosain Zoea. The study was conducted in August 2015 for 3 days. Zoea were kept in ecoplast containers with a stocking density of 50 ind / L. Calcium-D Kalzana was added as much as 0 mg/g (A), 50 mg/g (B), 100 mg/g (C), 150 mg/g (D ), and 200 mg/g (E) per batter (34.50 g) of formulated feed, with 9 replications for each treatment. All ecoplast containers were placed in a waterbath at 30°C. The results show that the addition of calcium at a dose of 50 mg/g can successfully support the growth of Zoea I into Zoea II (66%) with the highest survival rate (7.6 ± 4.98%). The size of cephalothorax (597.69 ± 65.81 m), abdomen ( 1135.39 ± 126.47 m), and telson (409.23 ± 61.80 m) are shown to be larger than the other four treatments.<br /><br />
Komunitas Mangrove di Wilayah Pesisir Pulau Tidore dan Sekitarnya
Authors: Nurdiansah Doni , Dharmawan I Wayan Eka 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Mangrove Community in Coastal Area of Tidore Islands.</strong>
Indonesia has the most extensive area of mangrove ecosystem in the world. It bring many direct and indirect benefits for the coastal community. Research on the condition of mangrove communities in Tidore, Halmahera, Ternate Island and surrounding areas was conducted in August 2015, to determine the current condition of mangrove communities in the region. Assessment condition mangrove forest was done by means of analyze the percentage covering canopy with the hemispherical photography methods (photography toward) vertical and analyze the percentage pixels from a photograph obtained by using software image J and Microsoft Excel. The species Sonneratia alba in the Maitara, Tidore, and Kaiyasa Island West Halmahera is the most dominant.
Pola Pertumbuhan dan Faktor Kondisi Hiu Merak Bulu Carcharhinus brevipinna di Perairan Selatan Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sentosa Agus Arifin , Fahmi Fahmi , Chodrijah Umi 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Growth Pattern and Condition Factor of Spinner Shark Carcharhinus brevipinna in Southern Nusa Tenggara Waters.</strong> The spinner sharks are one of shark commodities that are utilized optimally from the southern of Nusa Tenggara waters, however, the scientific information is still limited. This study aimed to assess the growth pattern and condition factors of the spinner shark, <em>Carcharhinus brevipinna</em> in southern Nusa Tenggara waters. The research was conducted from January to December 2016 using direct recording of the catch data. Information on length, weight and sex determinations were collected by the enumerator. The data was analysed descriptively with the shark condition was determined based on the relative condition factor obtaining from the length-weight relationship. The results showed that growth patterns of the spinner shark, both males and females, were allometrically negative. The relative condition factors of the catch of male sharks were ranged from 0.206 – 2.225 and females from 0.237 – 3.361. The condition factors of spinner sharks were not different between sexes and time of fishing, but they were different in length classes.