bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sem: A Viking Age metalworking site in the southeast of Norway?
Authors: Gustavsen Lars , Kristiansen Monica , Nau Erich , Tafjord Bernt Egil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvidence pertaining to Viking Age industry and trade is rarely encountered in the Norwegian archaeological record, although recent evidence suggests that sites of this character are more common than previously thought. Systematic metal detecting and large‐scale geophysical surveys carried out in Øvre Eiker in the southeast of Norway between 2014 and 2016 revealed a multiphase and complex settlement area, consisting of large pits potentially associated with metalworking. The evidence so far points to a site with far‐reaching contemporary connections, where objects were worked and exchanged. This short report aims to present the results from the work undertaken so far and to demonstrate how the complementary use of geophysical surveys and metal detection can add cultural‐historical depth to the site itself and to a little understood aspect of Early Medieval history.
Generation and Characterization of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody–Producing B Cell Clones From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Germar Kristine , Fehres Cynthia M. , Scherer Hans U. , van Uden Nathalie , Pollastro Sabrina , Yeremenko Nataliya , Hansson Monika , Kerkman Priscilla F. , van der Voort Ellen I. H. , Reed Evan , Maassen Hanna , Kwakkenbos Mark J. , Bakker Arjen Q. , Klareskog Lars , Malmström Vivianne , de Vries Niek , Toes René E. M. , Lundberg Karin , Spits Hergen , Baeten Dominique L. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aside from autoantibody production, the function of autoantigen‐specific B cells remains poorly understood in the context of this disease. This study set out to elucidate autoantigen‐specific B cell functions through the isolation and immortalization of unique citrullinated protein/peptide (CP)–reactive B cell clones from RA patients.MethodsB cell clones from either the blood or synovial fluid of cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2) antibody–positive RA patients were immortalized by genetic reprogramming with Bcl‐6 and Bcl‐xL. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry were used to identify CCP2‐reactive clones and to further characterize surface marker and cytokine expression as well as B cell receptor signaling competence. Global gene expression profiles were interrogated by RNA sequencing.ResultsThree unique CP‐reactive memory B cell clones were generated from the blood or synovial fluid of 2 RA patients. CP‐reactive memory B cells did not appear to be broadly cross‐reactive, but rather had a fairly restricted epitope recognition profile. These clones were able to secrete both pro‐ and antiinflammatory cytokines and had a unique surface profile of costimulatory molecules and receptors, including CD40 and C5a receptor type 1, when compared to non‐CP–reactive clones from the same patient. In addition, CP‐reactive clones bound citrullinated protein, but not native protein, and could mobilize calcium in response to antigen binding.ConclusionCP‐reactive memory B cells comprise a rare, seemingly oligoclonal population with restricted epitope specificity and distinct phenotypic and molecular characteristics suggestive of antigen‐presenting cells. Cloning by genetic reprogramming opens new avenues to study the function of autoreactive memory B cells, especially in terms of antigen processing, presentation, and subsequent T cell polarization.
Ultra‐Thin Coating and Three‐Dimensional Electrode Structures to Boosted Thick Electrode Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Yan , Liang Xinhua , Park Jonghyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper reports a multiscale controlled three‐dimensional (3D) electrode structure to boost the battery performance for thick electrode batteries with LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as cathode material, which exhibits a high areal capacity (3.5 mAh/cm2) along with a high specific capacity (130 mAh/g). This excellent battery performance is achieved by a new concept of cell electrode fabrication, which simultaneously controls the electrode structure in a multiscale manner to address the key challenges of the material. Particles with ultrathin conformal coating layers are prepared through atomic layer deposition followed by a nanoscale‐controlled, thermal diffusion doping. The particles are organized into a macroscale‐controlled 3D hybrid‐structure. This synergistic control of nano‐/macro‐structures is a promising concept for enhancing battery performance and its cycle life. The nanoscale coating/doping provides enhanced fundamental properties, including transport and structural properties, while the mesoscale control can provide a better network of the nanostructured elements by decreasing the diffusion path between. Electrochemical tests have shown that the synergistically controlled electrode exhibits the best performance among non‐controlled and selectively‐controlled samples, in terms of specific capacity, areal capacity, and cycle life.
Stahl‐ und textilbewehrte Vorsatzschalen von Sandwichwänden unter thermischen Einwirkungsgrößen
Authors: Bert Christopher , Fischer Oliver 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIm Rahmen eines durch die Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (BMUB) geförderten Vorhabens des Lehrstuhls für Massivbau der Technischen Universität München (TUM) werden an Sandwichwänden mit unterschiedlichen Vorsatzschalen unter Variation von zahlreichen Randbedingungen systematische thermische Untersuchungen durchgeführt.Sandwichfassaden werden bisher vor allem aus Stahlbeton mit Vorsatzschalendicken zwischen etwa 70 und 100 mm ausgeführt. Die erforderliche Dicke ergibt sich hierbei unter anderem aus den einzuhaltenden Betondeckungen, um den Bewehrungsstahl dauerhaft vor Korrosion zu schützen. Aktuelle Entwicklungen ermöglichen z. B. durch textilbewehrte Betone sehr flexibel formbare Vorsatzschalen, die aufgrund der korrosionsbeständigen textilen Bewehrung und der hohen Festigkeiten mit Vorsatzschalendicken von gerade einmal 20–30 mm auskommen. Im Hinblick auf diese Entwicklung ist das Ziel des o.g. Forschungsvorhabens, die für die Bemessung maßgebenden Temperaturgrößen und ‐gradienten sowohl numerisch als auch experimentell nachzuweisen und geeignete Nachweisformate für die Praxis bereitzustellen. Neben diversen numerisch gestützten Analysen wird das Temperaturverhalten von großformatigen Vorsatzschalen mit 30 und 80 mm Dicke in einem in‐situ Naturversuch über eine gesamte Wetterperiode (365 Tage) untersucht. Ergänzende experimentelle Untersuchungen im Labor mittels einer eigens entwickelten multifunktionalen Klimakammer (Simulation verschiedenster Wetterszenarien) schließen das Vorhaben ab.
Große Stabdurchmesser und hohe Bewehrungsgrade
Authors: Schoening Janna , Hegger Josef 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDer Neuvorschlag für Eurocode 2 enthält keine Zusatzregeln für den Einsatz von großen Stabdurchmessern, während Stabdurchmesser > ∅ 32 mm derzeit nach Eurocode 2 nur unter Einhaltung von Zusatzregeln verwendet werden dürfen. Die Zusatzregeln wurden für ∅ 40 mm Bewehrungsstäbe im Rahmen von zwei umfangreichen Versuchsprogrammen an insgesamt drei Forschungsstellen untersucht. Nach den Versuchen mit ∅ 40 mm Bewehrungsstäben wurden verstärkt auch Versuche an ∅ 28 mm Stäben durchgeführt, um den Übergang der Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln zu herkömmlichen Stabdurchmessern bestimmen zu können. In diesem Artikel werden die an der RWTH Aachen University durchgeführten Versuche zum Verbundtragverhalten mit Hilfe von Beam‐End‐Versuchen, Vierpunkt‐Biegeversuchen mit Übergreifungen und Endverankerungen beschrieben. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass einige Zusatzregeln entfallen können. Im Anschluss wird eine Datenbankauswertung verschiedener Bemessungsansätze für die erreichbare Stahlspannung in Verankerungen und Übergreifungen beschrieben. Die Bemessungsansätze zur Ermittlung der erforderlichen Verankerungs‐ und Übergreifungslängen werden anhand einer Versuchsdatenbank verglichen.
Chemical profiling by LC–MS/MS and HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometrics and simultaneous determination of 16 characteristic ingredients for the quality consistency evaluation of Shaoyao‐Gancao Decoction
Authors: Lu Pengfei , Chen Yong , Tan Manliang , Wu Yongjiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, to evaluate the effect of the region of origin on the quality consistency of Shaoyao‐Gancao Decoction (SGD), the SGD fingerprint was developed for the first time. Chemometric methods including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were employed to study the quality consistency of SGD. Meanwhile, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was applied for comprehensive analysis of SGD and 93 compounds were tentatively characterized. Furthermore, a high‐performance liquid chromatography method with multi‐wavelength switching for simultaneous determination of 16 characteristic ingredients comprising gallic acid, oxypaeniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, galloylpaeoniflorin, 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐d‐galactopyranose (PGG), ononin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritigenin and formononetin, was established. All 16 analytes show excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9990) with recoveries ranging from 96.58 to 104.61% and limits of detection and quantification of 0.022–0.291 and 0.037–0.635 μg/mL, respectively. Finally, it was successfully applied to determine 15 batches of SGD. The results of our research indicate that different regions of origin have a significant effect on the quality consistency of SGD, and its fingerprint combined with chemometrics and multi‐ingredient determination comprise an efficient and reliable approach for quality consistency evaluation.
Prostate cancer survivors: Risk and mortality in second primary cancers
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Zheng Guoqiao , Hemminki Otto , Försti Asta , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo assess etiological and clinical consequences of second primary cancers (SPCs) in prostate cancer (PC) patients, we followed newly diagnosed patients to identify men who were diagnosed with a SPC and recorded their causes of death. We used the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database to assess relative risks (RRs) and causes of death in SPCs until the year 2015 in patients with a PC diagnosis between 2001 and 2010. Among a total of 4.26 million men, 76 614 were diagnosed with PC at the median age of 71 years. Among them, 8659 (11.3%) received a subsequent diagnosis of SPC after a median follow‐up of 4 years. The most common SPCs were colorectal, skin, bladder, and lung cancers, melanoma, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The ranking was almost identical with first cancers among elderly men in Sweden. The RR for SPCs in prostate‐specific antigen—detected PC was approximately equal to RR in other PC. Mortality patterns of PC patients were distinct depending on the presence or absence of SPC. Among patients with SPC, 47.8% died as a result of the corresponding SPC, followed by other causes (22.2%) and PC (18.1%). For patients without SPC, PC and non‐neoplastic causes almost matched each other as the main causes of death (48.5% and 47.8%). The results suggest that SPCs appear autonomous from primary PC and reflect incidence and mortality of first cancers in general. SPC was the most common cause of death in patients with SPC; close to half of the patients died due to SPC. For improved survival in PC patients, prevention and early detection of SPCs would be important, and the present results suggest that risk factors for SPC in PC are the same as those for first cancer in general.
Stability of Heat Transfer Nanofluids – A Review
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantan , Mishra Purna Chandra , Chaudhuri Paritosh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanofluids are suspension of highly conductive nano‐sized particles in conventional fluids that may be applicable as ultrafast cooling agent to extend the thermal performance of cooling devices. However, before considering the feasibility as coolant for high heat flux components, a thorough investigation of the long‐term stability of nanofluids is of paramount importance. Preparation of extremely stable nanofluids has become one of the main technical challenges. The present contribution aims to summarize the recent developments in the preparation, characterization, and stabilization of nanofluids based on the information available in literatures. Lastly, existing needs and attainable solution to challenges, leading to the upcoming research in the development of highly stable nanofluids, are discussed.
Ethanol from Biomass Hydrolysates by Efficient Fermentation of Glucose and Xylose – A Review
Authors: Nosrati‐Ghods Nosaibeh , Harrison Susan T. L. , Isafiade Adeniyi J. , Tai Siew L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFermentation performance of these biomass hydrolysates is limited by the lack of industrially suitable organisms to convert both glucose and xylose efficiently. To resolve this issue, several methods have been suggested, e.g., co‐cultivation of two or more species, engineering strains for enhanced substrate utilization, and use of sequential culture. Challenges of co‐culture include slower xylose fermentation due to varying affinities for oxygen, lower ethanol tolerance of xylose‐fermenters, and catabolite repression. Although successful engineering of microorganisms is demonstrated, there is limitation in understanding of the metabolic pathways regulations. Alternatively, sequential batch culture was suggested, but its productivity needs to be improved. Optimizing process conditions, e.g. process configuration, immobilization technique, cell type, enables improved yield and productivity. This paper reviews the approaches and conditions sought to improve glucose and xylose conversion from lignocellulosic hydrolysates to ethanol, with specific emphasis on microbial systems used to maximize biomass resource efficiency, ethanol yield, and productivity.
Induction of remission in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type three (APS III): An old drug with new perspectives
Authors: Allam Magdy Mohamed , Elzawawy Hanaa Tarek Hussein 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe autoimmune polyglandular syndrome is a sequential chain of autoimmune events. Whenever diagnosed, the clinician's target should be induction of remission and if possible hindering its progression especially if associated with refractory vitiligo, resistant Grave's, or unexplained hyperglycemia in T1DM. Azathioprine could be used for induction of remission in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type three especially with vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Nivolumab‐induced severe acute kidney injury with a long latent phase in a patient with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Uchida Naohiro , Tsuji Seijiro , Fujita Kohei , Koizumi Mitsuteru , Moriyoshi Koki , Mio Tadashi 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn the treatment of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, we often experience immune‐related adverse event which manifest most frequently as a skin disorder, and very rarely as a renal disorder. In our manuscript, we report the case of a 71‐year‐old man with nivolumab‐induced severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in which the time from treatment initiation to the onset of AKI was the longest among the previously reported cases (377 days). Prolonged follow‐up is therefore warranted to detect late‐onset AKI.
Ruthenium(II)biscarboxylate‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Isotope Exchange by Alkene C−H Activation
Authors: Bechtoldt Alexander , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRuthenium(II) biscarboxylate catalysis enabled efficient hydrogen isotope exchange of acrylic C−H bonds with user‐friendly D2O. The C−H labelling was characterized by excellent positional selectivity and a broad functional group tolerance. The deuteration was successfully conducted on 55 mmol scale with TONs of >1000, while mechanistic studies provided insights into ruthenium(II) oxidase catalysis. The obtained deuterated alkenes enabled the synthesis of labeled standards for mass spectrometry of irradiated foodstuffs.
Syngas Methanation over Spray‐Granulated Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Laboratory Transport‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Liu Jiao , Cui Dianmiao , Yu Jian , Su Fabing , Xu Guangwen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSyngas methanation in a laboratory transport‐bed reactor has been performed. It was found that the CO conversion over the granular Ni/Al2O3 catalyst only slightly increased with the rise of aeration gas velocity for the recycling valve but severely decreased due to decreased gas residence time in the reactor. The effect of increasing the temperature of the recycled catalyst on the CO conversion at atmospheric pressure was also studied. Both the experimental temperature rise along the transport‐bed reactor and the estimated heat balance involving reactions verified the high heat‐transfer efficiency and its technical superiority for syngas methanation.
Process Design and Operating Strategies for a Continuous Vaporization System for Purifying Organic Hole‐Transport Materials
Authors: Kim Jin , Park Kiho , Jin Seokgeun , Yang Dae Ryook 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA continuous vaporization system for the purification of organic hole‐transport materials is proposed to enhance the production rate. A detailed configuration to change a conventional batch process into a continuous one was suggested. The operating strategies of the continuous process were determined from experimental results. Fundamental experiments concerning liquid flow rate through a vertical pipe and product shape were performed. The liquid flow was successfully predicted by using the Hagen‐Poiseuille equation with a correction factor, and a suitable tube design could be estimated to obtain a droplet product. Moreover, an operating temperature window was suggested for uniform shape and size of the final product. This study will be useful for improved process efficiency and successful operation of this process.
3D Mixing Dynamics in T‐Jet Mixers
Authors: Sultan M. Ashar , Pardilhó Sara L. , Brito Margarida S. C. A. , Fonte Cláudio P. , Dias Madalena M. , Lopes José C. B. , Santos Ricardo J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe dynamic flow field in T‐jet mixers is characterized by means of 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations. The main goal of this work is to identify and discuss the chaotic flow regime in T‐jet reactors and the parameters that enable this flow regime, namely, the critical Reynolds number and design parameters of these mixers. The 3D chaotic flow regime that occurs in T‐jet mixers is described herein with unprecedented detail regarding the mixing scales, flow dynamics, and coherent structures. The mixing scales are proven to be set by the mixer dimensions. The chaotic flow regime in T‐jets is of practical interest due to its capability to promote very fast mixing, although descriptions in the literature are scarce.
Rapid Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Using a Microreactor
Authors: Sun Bing , Zhu Hongwei , Jin Yan , Qiao Kun , Xu Wei , Jiang Jie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is often desired in the cleanup of excess H2O2 when it is used as an oxidant. Although the decomposition process has been studied in batch reactors, it has never been performed before in a fixed‐bed microreactor with residence time on the scale of seconds. With enhanced mass and heat transfer in microreactors, higher H2O2 decomposition efficiency compared to batch reactors was obtained. A variety of parameters including length of microchannels, flow rate, solvent composition, and gas pressure were examined carefully and a first‐order kinetic model was established. Within a few seconds, more than 70 % of the H2O2 was decomposed successfully. The challenge of catalyst passivation was discussed as well.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Extremely High Current Density over 3D Ultrasmall Zero‐Valent Iron‐Coupled Nickel Sulfide Nanosheets
Authors: Cheng Xiaodi , Lei Chaojun , Yang Jian , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Lu Jianguo , Zhang Xingwang , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNonprecious water oxidation electrocatalysts that perform well at high current densities are among the key enabling drivers of renewable energy technologies. Herein, we report a novel strategy to produce 3D ultrasmall zero‐valent iron‐coupled nickel sulfides nanosheets (Fe0−NixSy) hybrid on self‐supported conductive Ni foam (denoted as Fe0−NixSy/NF) through a robust single‐step gas–solid reaction. In this 3D hybrid, the Fe0−NixSy nanosheets with a length of approximately 400 nm and an average thickness of 33 nm are uniformly grown on the Ni foam. Benefiting from the unique 3D hierarchical structure and synergistic effect between Fe0 and NixSy, the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF hybrid shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at extremely high current densities in basic media. The current densities of 1000 and 1500 mA cm−2 are achieved at low potentials of 1.57 and 1.60 V, respectively, thus meeting the expected OER standards for industrial applications. These overpotentials of the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF hybrid are the lowest among all previously reported nickel‐sulfide‐based electrocatalysts, and are even superior compared to state‐of‐the‐art Ir/C catalysts. We further demonstrate that the integration of the 3D Fe0−NixSy/NF electrocatalyst as both anode and cathode with a silicon photovoltaic cell enables highly active and sustainable solar‐driven overall water splitting.
Coupling Ultrasound to the Electro‐Oxidation of Methyl Paraben Synthetic Wastewater: Effect of Frequency and Supporting Electrolyte
Authors: Dionisio Dawany , Motheo Artur J. , Sáez Cristina , Canizares Pablo , Rodrigo Manuel A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, electrooxidation of methyl paraben (MeP) is studied by electrolysis only and electrolysis coupled with sonolysis, using a diamond electrode. Complete mineralization of MeP was achieved for both processes, in chloride and sulfate media. Results showed that, although the oxidation of pollutant is faster in the presence of chloride, the mineralization is favored in sulfate medium. Ultrasound irradiation enhanced the removal of organic matter due to the activation of oxidant species in both supporting electrolytes. Moreover, the formation of chlorine gas in the chloride containing medium improves the ultrasound cavitation effect, promoting faster depletion of the total organic carbon in the first hour of treatment. Regarding the formation of more toxic products, all possible organochlorinated intermediates were removed, since complete mineralization was attained in less than 5 hours. Ultrasonic coupling to the electrolysis process accelerates the destruction of the intermediates and delays the formation of perchlorate, which only begins after the complete removal of the total organic carbon. Low and high ultrasound frequencies were evaluated and were found to produce different effects of cavitation, which affect the electrolysis in different ways. The final result will be a balance between these effects and thus, an optimum frequency can be established for different systems.