bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bilateral lung transplantation on excessive dynamic airway collapse
Authors: Singh Jarmanjeet , Sese Denise , Lehr Carli J. , Pichurko Bohdan , McCurry Kenneth , Mehta Atul C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionExcessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is associated with significant respiratory morbidity. It has been hypothesized that EDAC may limit the benefits of lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We aim to find the effect of bilateral lung transplantation on EDAC in COPD patients.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with concomitant presence of COPD and EDAC before undergoing bilateral lung transplantation from December 2011 to December 2014. Pre‐ and post‐transplant pulmonary function tests, flow‐volume (FV) loops, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and flexible bronchoscopies were studied.ResultsA total of 165 patients underwent bilateral lung transplantation during the study period. Eight patients had COPD and EDAC prior to the transplant. Post‐transplantation, 7 out of 8 patients showed resolution of EDAC on expiratory CT chest and 1 patient did not have post‐transplant CT chest. All eight showed no EDAC on post‐transplant surveillance bronchoscopy. Post‐transplant, mean predicted FEV1/FVC increased from 37% to 117% and mean predicted FEV1 increased from 20% to 61%.ConclusionsThere is resolution of EDAC post‐bilateral lung transplantation in this retrospective COPD patient population. EDAC should not be considered as a benefit‐limiting factor to bilateral lung transplantation. However, prospective studies are required to explore potential indication.
Comparison of methods of providing analgesia after pancreas transplant: IV opioid analgesia versus transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine or continuous catheter infusion
Authors: Yeap Yar L. , Fridell Jonathan A. , Wu Derrick , Mangus Richard S. , Kroepfl Elizabeth , Wolfe John , Powelson John A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent practices emphasize a multimodal approach to perioperative analgesia due to higher efficacy and decreased opioid usage. Analgesia for pancreas transplant (PT) has traditionally been managed with intravenous (IV) opioids, and reports of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are limited in this population.MethodsThree interventions were compared in adult PT patients, including IV opioids, TAP catheter, and TAP block with liposomal bupivacaine. Time to return of intestinal function and oral diet, postoperative pain scores, opioid usage, and length of stay were recorded.ResultsStudy included 197 PT patients: 62 (32%) standard care, 90 (45%) TAP catheters with continuous 0.2% ropivacaine, and 45 (23%) single liposomal bupivacaine TAP block. Pain scores were lowest for the IV opioid group (P < 0.001). The liposomal bupivacaine group had lower pain scores on postoperative days (POD) 1‐5 than the TAP catheter group. Opioid use during POD 1‐5 was lower for both TAP block groups (P = 0.03). Time to bowel function was faster for the TAP block groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with IV opioid analgesia, TAP block interventions were associated with lower overall use of opioids and a faster time to intestinal function following pancreas transplant.
The impact of high profile restrictions on support for alcohol control policies
Authors: Livingston Michael , Callinan Sarah , Wilkinson Claire 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPublic support for restrictions on late night trading of licensed venues increased substantially between 2001 and 2013, a period with very few policy interventions in Australia. In early 2014 a set of high profile restrictions were introduced in Sydney, New South Wales. In this study, we examine whether these 2014 policy interventions affected public support for late trading restrictions.Design and MethodsWe use data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, focussing especially on the 2013 (n = 23 521) and 2016 (n = 23 425) waves. A series of regression models with interaction terms between socio‐demographic variable and year were used to examine how trends in support for late trading policies varied between different population groups.ResultsSupport for late trading restrictions fell substantially between 2013 and 2016—from 2.58 to 2.35 on a 0‐4 point scale. In particular, support fell more in New South Wales than in other jurisdictions. Among New South Wales residents, support fell more for middle‐aged and older respondents and more for drinkers than non‐drinkers.Discussion and ConclusionSupport for late trading restrictions fell sharply, especially among those affected in New South Wales. Advocates for public health‐oriented alcohol policy restrictions need to pay attention to public support in the aftermath of policy ‘wins’.
Underwater cold snare polypectomy for colorectal adenomas
Authors: Maruoka Daisuke , Kishimoto Takashi , Matsumura Tomoaki , Arai Makoto , Akizue Naoki , Ishikawa Kentaro , Ohta Yuki , Kasamatsu Shingo , Taida Takashi , Ishigami Hideaki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Nakagawa Tomoo , Kato Naoya 
Published: May 2019

Background and AimCold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a safe treatment for colorectal adenomas. However, the R0 resection rate is not sufficiently high because of inadequate resection of muscularis mucosa. We hypothesized that CSP in an underwater environment could improve this procedure by helping to safely achieve resection containing the muscularis mucosa. We have named this procedure underwater cold snare polypectomy (UCSP). We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of UCSP for colorectal adenomas.MethodsBetween May 2017 and April 2018, patients diagnosed with colorectal adenomas <9 mm underwent UCSP. After follow‐up colonoscopy 3 weeks later, the patients post‐UCSP scars were biopsied. Outcomes were compared with those of a historical control group who underwent conventional CSP in our previous study using propensity score‐matching methods.ResultsOverall, 224 lesions in 65 patients were prospectively resected by UCSP. Pathologically, 209 lesions were adenomas (4.5 ± 1.5 mm) including one intramucosal carcinoma. Only one pathological residual adenoma was identified, but there was no significant difference in the residual rate between the UCSP and CSP groups (both 1.0%). No complications were observed. R0 resection rate and rate of area containing the muscularis mucosa in the UCSP group were significantly higher than those in the CSP group (80.2% vs 32.7%, P < 0.001; 50.0% vs 35.3%, P = 0.015).ConclusionUnderwater cold snare polypectomy for diminutive and small colorectal adenomas was safe and effective from the perspective of pathological complete resection, which is likely facilitated by achieving an adequate depth of resection.
Risk factors of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Poorzand Hoorak , Tsarouhas Konstantinos , Hozhabrossadati Seyyed Amin , Khorrampazhouh Nastaran , Bondarsahebi Yones , Bacopoulou Flora , Rezaee Ramin , Jafarzadeh Esfehani Reza , Morovatdar Negar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the mean age at which coronary artery disease (CAD) hase decreased in recent years in Iran. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the prevalence of different risk factors of premature CAD (PCAD) in patients vs healthy individuals.MethodsMedline, Web of Science, Embase and Scientific Information Database were searched for studies about PCAD risk factors in Iran until 28 October 2017. Observational studies of Iranians, comparing risk factors between patients with PCAD and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects, were included. Fixed‐effects and random‐effects model were used for pooling data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI and mean difference were used for effect size estimation among studies.ResultsTwelve studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. Diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9‐3.03; P = 0.0001, I2 = 25.5%; P = 0.2), family history of CAD (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.22‐3.6; P = 0.007, I2 = 86%; P = 0.0001), dyslipidaemia (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15‐3.64; P = 0.01, I2 = 54%; P = 0.08), smoking (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11‐2.46; P = 0.01, I2 = 77.2%; P = 0.000) and hypertension (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.21 to‐1.50; P < 0.001, I2 = 31%, P = 0.1) associated with PCAD. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that patients with PCAD had significantly lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and significantly higher levels of triglycerides compared to healthy subjects (MD: −2.56, 95% CI: −3.54 to −1.58, P < 0.001, I2 = 42%, P = 0.01 and MD: 21.17, 95% CI: 14.73‐27.62, P < 0.001, I2 = 80.12%, P < 0.001, respectively). It should be noted that although high levels of heterogeneity in LDL and HDL values among the studies were observed, when dyslipidaemia was studied as a binary variable, no significant heterogeneity among studies was observed.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and hypertension were significantly and positively associated with CAD in young adults compared to healthy age‐ and sex‐matched population in Iran.
Orthodontic management of traumatized teeth: A national survey of UK orthodontists
Authors: Sandler Cara , Barry Siobhan , Littlewood Simon , Al‐Musfir Tumadher , Nazzal Hani 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/AimThere is a lack of research into orthodontic movement and management strategies of traumatized teeth. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge of UK‐based orthodontists in the orthodontic management of traumatized teeth.Materials/MethodsA 24‐item questionnaire survey was electronically distributed to all members of the British Orthodontic Society.ResultsA total of 213 respondents completed the survey with the majority of these being UK registered specialists in orthodontics. Three responses were excluded as one was not based within the UK and two were orthodontic trainees with <1 year of experience, leaving a total of 210 respondents. The majority had orthodontically treated up to three patients with a history of dental trauma in the preceding 3 months. Obtaining a trauma history was done by the majority of respondents. A wide variation in times waited by respondents before orthodontically treating teeth with different types of traumatic injuries was observed. Similarly, the preferred orthodontic management strategies of traumatized teeth differed substantially among respondents. Almost all respondents were interested in further training in the management of dental trauma.ConclusionsThe study showed a wide variation in the orthodontic management of traumatized teeth among UK‐based orthodontists. Further training and national guideline establishment are indicated for orthodontic management of traumatized teeth in the UK.
Linking below‐surface horizontal pore velocity profiles in porous media with near‐surface wind conditions and porous medium gas permeability
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAbove‐surface mean wind speed profiles and corresponding below‐surface horizontal pore air velocity profiles were measured for two porous media with different particle size and gas permeability under six different wind speed conditions. Experiments followed a 2k factorial design to minimize the number of required experiments. Below‐surface pore air velocity profiles were measured using a newly developed gas tracer tracking method applied at different elevations below the surface. Results suggested that pore air velocity decreases exponentially with decreasing elevation. A simple empirical exponential model was therefore proposed to approximate the pore air velocity–elevation relationship. The pore‐velocity model was chosen such that it, together with an existing, well‐known, semi‐empirical wind‐speed profile model commonly used for describing wind speed in the atmospheric boundary layer, is able to approximate the entire air velocity profile above and below the surface. The pore air velocity profile is described by two empirical parameters that depend on the air velocity at the surface and the shape of the pore velocity profile. The links between the velocity profile shape (via the two empirical parameters), porous medium gas permeability and above‐surface wind speed conditions were analyzed based on the experimental data. Results indicate that below‐surface horizontal pore velocity profiles are strongly related to both above‐surface wind conditions and porous medium characteristics.Highlights
Horizontal air velocity profiles above and below porous medium surfaces were measured
A novel approach for approximating wind‐induced, horizontal pore velocity was proposed
Medium and wind speed characteristics strongly affected pore velocity profiles
Key parameters were: gas permeability > mean wind speed > wind gust frequency
Estimation of forest biomass from light detection and ranging data by using machine learning
Authors: Torre‐Tojal Leyre , Lopez‐Guede Jose Manuel , Graña Romay Manuel M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of data driven predictive systems is becoming widespread as innovations in machine learning techniques have allowed the training of increasingly sophisticated models via the available data. The light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing technique is being increasingly applied to obtain informative terrain maps, due to its ability to collect large amounts of data with satisfactory accuracy. This paper focuses on the application of machine‐learning‐based predictive systems for the extraction of biomass information from LiDAR data. Biomass information has inmense ecological and economical value. We demonstrate the estimation of thePinus radiatabiomass in the Arratia‐Nervión region (Spain). Biomass estimation is considered a regression problem in which the ground truth for some specific sample sites is available. The promising results obtained in this study indicate that LiDAR data can be used to carry out detailed biomass mappings by the extrapolation of the models trained in this study.
Prediction of docetaxel toxicity in older cancer patients: a Bayesian network approach
Authors: Khayi Fouzy , Lafarge Laurent , Terret Catherine , Albrand Gilles , Falquet Benoit , Culine Stéphane , Gourgou Sophie , Ducher Michel , Bourguignon Laurent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChemotherapy is an essential therapy in the fight against cancer. Polypathology and polymedication are often encountered in elderly patients, making this population especially at risk for adverse drug reactions, and particularly with cytotoxic drugs. The objective of this study was to build a model to predict high‐grade toxicity in elderly patients treated with docetaxel. Data from the trial TAX‐108 have been used to create the model. The variable to predict was the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 toxicity. The explanatory variables entered in the model were anthropometric and biological characteristics of patients at inclusion; fragility criteria (SMAF, CIRS‐G, performance status); location of the primary tumor; chemotherapy history, radiotherapy or surgery; weekly dose of docetaxel, cumulative dose administered. A Bayesian network model was developed using a global search procedure and an Expectation–Maximization algorithm. A 10‐fold cross‐validation was performed. A toxicity of grade 3 or higher was observed in 54% of patients. The variables providing the most information were the primary site (19.4%), the dose per course (17.5%), and albuminemia (13.1%). The area under the curve of the model obtained after cross‐validation was 74 ± 1.4%. The model built allows classifying correctly 71.21 ± 0.9% of patients in our sample in the cross‐validation procedure. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 75 and 67%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 73 and 69%. The encouraging results from this first study show that Bayesian networks could help assess the benefit–risk ratio of chemotherapy in elderly patients.
The Effects of Germany’s Statutory Minimum Wage on Employment and Welfare Dependency
Authors: Schmitz Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn January 2015, Germany introduced a federal, statutory minimum wage of 8.50 € per hour. This study evaluates the effects of this policy on regular and marginal employment and on welfare dependency. Based on the county-level administrative data, this study uses the difference-in-differences technique, exploiting regional variation in the bite of the minimum wage, i.e., the county-specific share of employees paid less than 8.50 € before the introduction of the minimum wage. The minimum wage had a considerable negative effect on marginal employment. There is also some indication that regular employment was slightly reduced. Concerning welfare dependency, the minimum wage reduced the number of working welfare recipients, with some indication that about one half of them left welfare receipt due to the minimum wage.
Rhenium–Osmium Isotope Measurements in Marine Shale Reference Material SBC‐1: Implications for Method Validation and Quality Control
Authors: Li Jie , Yin Lu 
Published: May 2019

In this study, the USGS black shale reference material SBC‐1 was investigated as a matrix‐matched reference material for both intra‐laboratory calibration and inter‐laboratory comparison of high‐precision Re‐Os dating for organic‐rich sedimentary rocks. This reference material was analysed for Re‐Os isotopic composition by three digestion protocols – inverse aqua regia, CrO3‐H2SO4 and H2O2‐HNO3. The results for SBC‐1 obtained by inverse aqua regia digestion yielded similar Re mass fractions but slightly (~ 5%) higher Os mass fractions and lower 187Os/188Os values than the CrO3‐H2SO4 and H2O2‐HNO3 digestions. The data set of inverse aqua regia digestion exhibited strong correlations in plots of 187Os/188Os vs. 1/192Os and 187Os/188Os vs. 187Re/188Os, which may signify the incorporation of detrital Re and Os into organic matter in the Re‐Os system. Similar correlations were also observed for the CrO3‐H2SO4 digestion data set, but not for that of H2O2‐HNO3. The data indicate that there is an amount of non‐hydrogenous Os in SBC‐1 and that CrO3‐H2SO4 and H2O2‐HNO3 digestions would minimise liberation of the non‐hydrogenous Os component. We propose that SBC‐1 may be a more suitable reference material to monitor the influence of detrital Re and Os on Re‐Os isochron age data, especially for samples with less organic matter and more siliceous detritus.
Feasibility Assessment of Long‐Term Electrical Resistivity Monitoring of a Nitrate Plume
Authors: Robinson Judy , Johnson Timothy , Rockhold Mark 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong‐term monitoring solutions at contaminated sites are necessary to track plume migration and evaluate the performance of remediation efforts. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) can potentially provide information about plume dynamics; however, the feasibility and likelihood of success are seldom evaluated before conducting a field study. Coupling flow and transport models with geoelectrical models provide a powerful way to assess the potential effectiveness of an actual ERI field campaign. We present a coupled approach for evaluating the feasibility of monitoring nitrate migration and remediation using 4D time‐lapse ERI at a legacy nuclear waste facility. This kilometer‐scale study focuses on depths below the water table (∼70 m). A flow and transport model is developed to perform simulations of nitrate migration and removal via a hypothetical pump‐and‐treat system. A tracer injection is also simulated at the leading edge of the nitrate plume to enhance the conductivity contrast between the native subsurface and the groundwater fluids. Images of absolute bulk conductivity provide limited information concerning plume migration while time‐lapse difference images, which remove the static effects of geology, provide more useful information concerning plume dynamics over time. A spatial moment analysis performed on flow and transport and ERI models matches well during the tracer injection; however, inversion regularization smoothing otherwise limits the value in terms of locating the center of mass. We find that the addition of a tracer enables ERI to characterize plume dynamics during pump‐and‐treat operations, and late‐time ERI monitoring provides a conservative estimate of nitrate plume boundaries in this synthetic study.
Growth Curves for Headache Research: A Multilevel Modeling Perspective
Authors: McGinley James S. , Wirth R. J. , Houts Carrie R. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo introduce growth curve modeling for longitudinal headache research.BackgroundLongitudinal data play an important role in the study of headache‐related outcomes by allowing researchers to test hypotheses about change over time. However, headache researchers are often unfamiliar with the flexibility and power that growth curves can offer in analyzing longitudinal data. The goals of this paper are to introduce growth curve models within the multilevel modeling framework for analyzing longitudinal headache‐related data and to show how these models can be applied in practice.MethodsLongitudinal data for the empirical example came from publicly available data from Wave I to Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. In total, 5608 individuals were included in the study and multilevel models were fit to examine, for individuals with and without adolescent migraine, longitudinal changes in depression from age 13 to 27 years old.ResultsFindings showed that individuals varied in their longitudinal depression trajectories. A cubic time trend best approximated the data with depression increasing through adolescence, decreasing during young adulthood, and then beginning to increase again in adulthood. Further, results also indicated that individuals with adolescent migraine had higher levels of depression throughout the age span compared those without adolescent migraine, but the shape of change did not differ across the groups.ConclusionGrowth curve models offer a flexible alternative to traditional statistical methods and can rigorously evaluate a wide array of headache‐related hypotheses.
Fool's gold or value for money? The link between abnormal audit fees, audit firm type, fair‐value disclosures, and market valuation
Authors: Mohrmann Ulf , Riepe Jan , Stefani Ulrike 
Published: May 2019

We analyze whether the audit firm type and abnormal audit fees are associated with the market valuation of banks' fair‐value assets. Our results indicate that different auditor types use different strategies when auditing fair values. First, we show that Big 4 auditors restrict the Level 3 valuations to the most illiquid assets. Thus, those banks audited by a Big 4 auditor have a lower proportion of Level 3 assets. Second, the market discount on the Level 3 assets is higher for the banks audited by a Big 4 auditor than for those audited by a non‐Big 4 auditor. Third, the discount on the Level 3 portfolios of banks with non‐Big 4 auditors is higher if the unexpected audit fees are high. Thus, non‐Big 4 auditors seem to allow more high‐uncertainty valuations but charge a risk premium. We find similar effects for industry‐specialist auditors.