bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Self-Reported and Behavioral Pain Assessment Tools in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bouajram Rima H. , Sebat Christian M. , Love Dawn , Louie Erin L. , Wilson Machelle D. , Duby Jeremiah J. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Self-reported and behavioral pain assessment scales are often used interchangeably in critically ill patients due to fluctuations in mental status. The correlation between scales is not well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to describe the correlation between self-reported and behavioral pain scores in critically ill patients. Methods: Pain was assessed using behavioral and self-reported pain assessment tools. Behavioral pain tools included Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). Self-reported pain tools included Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scales. Delirium was assessed using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit. Patient preference regarding pain assessment method was queried. Correlation between scores was evaluated. Results: A total of 115 patients were included: 67 patients were nondelirious and 48 patients were delirious. The overall correlation between self-reported (NRS) and behavioral (CPOT) pain scales was poor (0.30, P = .018). In patients without delirium, a strong correlation was found between the 2 behavioral pain scales (0.94, P < .0001) and 2 self-reported pain scales (0.77, P < .0001). Self-reported pain scale (NRS) and behavioral pain scale (CPOT) were poorly correlated with each other (0.28, P = .021). In patients with delirium, there was a strong correlation between behavioral pain scales (0.86, P < .0001) and a moderate correlation between self-reported pain scales (0.69, P < .0001). There was no apparent correlation between self-reported (NRS) and behavioral pain scales (CPOT) in patients with delirium (0.23, P = .12). Most participants preferred self-reported pain assessment. Conclusion: Self-reported pain scales and behavioral pain scales cannot be used interchangeably. Current validated behavioral pain scales may not accurately reflect self-reported pain in critically ill patients.
Arthritis and use of hydroxychloroquine associated with a decreased risk of macrophage activation syndrome among adult patients hospitalized with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cohen E M , D’Silva K , Kreps D , Son M B , Costenbader K H 
Published: February 2018

Background Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an uncommon but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to identify factors associated with MAS among adult hospitalized SLE patients. Methods Within the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) Lupus Center Registry, we identified adult SLE patients > age 17 who had been hospitalized from 1970 to 2016, with either ferritin > 5000 ng/ml during admission or “macrophage activation syndrome” or “MAS” in discharge summary. We confirmed MAS by physician diagnosis in medical record review. We matched each hospitalized SLE patient with MAS to four SLE patients hospitalized without MAS (by SLE diagnosis date ±1 year). We employed conditional logistic regression models to identify clinical factors associated with MAS among hospitalized SLE patients. Results Among 2094 patients with confirmed SLE, we identified 23 who had a hospitalization with MAS and compared them to 92 hospitalized without MAS. Cases and controls had similar age at SLE diagnosis (29.0 vs. 30.5, p = 0.60), and hospital admission (43.0 vs. 38.3, p = 0.80), proportion female (78% vs. 84%, p = 0.55), and time between SLE diagnosis and hospitalization (1971 vs. 1732 days, p = 0.84). Arthritis (OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.004–0.35)) and hydroxychloroquine use (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04–0.72)) on admission were associated with decreased MAS risk. Admission Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores (30 vs. 19, p = 0.002) and lengths of stay (16 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001) were much higher among cases. Death during hospitalization was 19% among cases and 3% among controls ( p = 0.03). Conclusions In this case-control study of hospitalized adult SLE patients, arthritis and hydroxychloroquine use at hospital admission were associated with decreased MAS risk. Further studies are needed to validate these factors associated with lowered MAS risk.
A rare cause of neutropenic enterocolitis: Propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Degerli Vermi , Yilmaz Duran Fulya , Kucuk Mustafa , Atasoy Ibrahim 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Neutropenic enterocolitis is a life-threatening gastrointestinal complication of neutropenia that is rarely seen in adults. Neutropenic enterocolitis is more common in oncology patients, especially in those with leukemia. Antithyroid drugs are widely used to treat hyperthyroidism, but they can rarely cause agranulocytosis. Although the pathophysiology is not well understood, high clinical suspicion and immediate and appropriate treatment responses are essential to reduce the mortality rate of neutropenic enterocolitis. Case presentation: We present a case of a 57-year-old male patient who developed neutropenic enterocolitis as a result of agranulocytosis caused by the use of propylthiouracil. He had history of hyperthyroidism and was on propylthiouracil. He presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain but eventually died due to rapid deterioration of sepsis and multiple organ failure despite medical and surgical treatment. Discussion: Thioamides can cause agranulocytosis which can result in serious complication including neutropenic enterocolitis. Complete blood count must be monitored in patients receiving thioamides, and these patients should be educated on symptoms of agranulocytosis. Conclusion: Since patients with neutropenic enterocolitis are often evaluated first by emergency physicians, emergency physicians must be vigilant for neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with neutropenia and abdominal pain.
Family perceptions of care at the end of life in UK nursing care homes
Authors: Kinley Julie , Hockley Jo , Stone Louisa , Brazil Kevin 
Published: February 2018

Background Over a fifth of the population of developed countries die in care homes. While studies are emerging on the outcomes of care in the last few weeks of life, few report on the experience as perceived by the family members. Methods As part of a wider study to improve the delivery of end-of-life care, bereaved relatives of residents who had died in a care home/hospital were sent the Family Perception of Care Scale questionnaire to evaluate their experience of care provision for their relative in the last month of life. The Family Perception of Care Scale questionnaire was posted to bereaved relatives, from 37 nursing care homes in south-east England, 3–6 months following the resident’s death. The questionnaires were posted over a 14-month period from 1 October 2009 to 31 November 2010. Results A total of 869 questionnaires were posted, with a 42% response rate. A global question within the Family Perception of Care Scale looking at the overall satisfaction with the quality of end-of-life care (Q24) indicated that bereaved relatives were satisfied with the care provided. Qualitative responses from family members highlighted some excellent care, although issues in relation to medical input, professional teamwork, last days of life and spiritual care remain problematic. Results provide an important insight into care provision at the end of life within these care homes. Conclusion While some issues can be addressed through education, relationships and value-based issues are likely to be more difficult to address in light of increasing pressure of healthcare support for UK care homes.
Benefits and Barriers to Teaching Medical Students in an Ob-Gyn Clinic
Authors: Fialkow Michael F. , Snead Carrie M. , Schulkin Jay 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: As the US health-care system has evolved over the past decade, access to obstetric care in rural communities has declined, and there has been a challenge in retaining obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) providers to train the next generation of physicians. The current pilot study sought to identify the factors that influence faculty who train medical students within the field of OB-GYN with the hope of influencing recruitment and retention of providers for the future. Methods: Clinical OB-GYN faculty within the University of Washington School of Medicine regional medical education program were surveyed about practice patterns and beliefs regarding medical student training as part of a pilot study on provider recruitment and retention. Results: Fifty-seven eligible respondents completed the survey. Most (88.9%) reported their hospitals encourage student participation in patient care. Students in their practices participate in many aspects of patient care, including conducting exams (96.2%) and participating in the operating room (94.3%). The majority found the rewarding aspects of teaching medical students to be intellectual stimulation (90.9%), continuing the tradition of medical teaching (87.5%), and the intrinsic satisfaction of teaching (83.6%). Challenging aspects of teaching included reduced reimbursement (40%) and the student/workload (63.6%). Discussion: Medical student education continues to rely on a generation’s medical professionals to impart their knowledge to the next. We hope that with a better understanding of the benefits of participation and minimization of the challenges, we can perpetuate this tradition despite the uncertainty in our health-care system.
Increased T-helper 17.1 cells in sarcoidosis mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: Broos Caroline E. , Koth Laura L. , van Nimwegen Menno , in ‘t Veen Johannes C.C.M. , Paulissen Sandra M.J. , van Hamburg Jan Piet , Annema Jouke T. , Heller-Baan Roxane , Kleinjan Alex , Hoogsteden Henk C. , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. , Hendriks Rudi W. , van den Blink Bernt , Kool Mirjam 
Published: February 2018

The lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) are currently widely used to diagnose sarcoidosis. We previously reported that T-helper (Th) 17.1 cells are responsible for the exaggerated interferon-γ production in sarcoidosis lungs. In this study, we aimed to investigate 1) whether Th17.1 cells are also increased in the MLNs of sarcoidosis patients and 2) whether frequencies of the Th17.1 cells at diagnosis may correlate with disease progression.MLN cells from treatment-naive pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (n=17) and healthy controls (n=22) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=34) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (n=36) from sarcoidosis patients were examined for CD4+T-cell subset proportions using flow cytometry.Higher proportions of Th17.1 cells were detected in sarcoidosis MLNs than in control MLNs. Higher Th17.1 cell proportions were found in sarcoidosis BALF compared with MLNs and peripheral blood. Furthermore, BALF Th17.1 cell proportions were significantly higher in patients developing chronic disease than in patients undergoing resolution within 2 years of clinical follow-up.These data suggest that Th17.1 cell proportions in pulmonary sarcoidosis can be evaluated as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in clinical practice and could serve as a new therapeutic target.
A novel piperidine identified by stem cell-based screening attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating BMP2 and PTGS2 levels
Authors: Xing Yanjiang , Zhao Shuang , Wei Qingxia , Gong Shiqiang , Zhao Xin , Zhou Fang , AI-Lamki Rafia , Ortmann Daniel , Du Mingxia , Pedersen Roger , Shang Guangdong , Si Shuyi , Morrell Nicholas W. , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2018

Genetic defects in bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII) signalling and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The receptor is activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands, which also enhanceBMPR2transcription. A small-molecule BMP upregulator with selectivity on vascular endothelium would be a desirable therapeutic intervention for PAH.We assayed compounds identified in the screening of BMP2 upregulators for their ability to increase the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1), using a dual reporter driven specifically in human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells. These assays identified a novel piperidine, BMP upregulator 1 (BUR1), that increased endothelial Id1 expression with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.098 μmol·L−1. Microarray analyses and immunoblotting showed that BUR1 induced BMP2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression. BUR1 effectively rescued deficient angiogenesis in autologousBMPR2+/R899Xendothelial cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and patient cells.BUR1 prevented and reversed PAH in monocrotaline rats, and restored BMPRII downstream signalling and modulated the arachidonic acid pathway in the pulmonary arterial endothelium in the Sugen 5416/hypoxia PAH mouse model.In conclusion, using stem cell technology we have provided a novel small-molecule compound which regulates BMP2 and PTGS2 levels that might be useful for the treatment of PAH.
Sex differences in the associations of obstructive sleep apnoea with epidemiological factors
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Lin Brian M. , Markt Sarah C. , Stampfer Meir J. , Laden Francine , Hu Frank B. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Redline Susan 
Published: February 2018

Despite the well-known male predominance in the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), sex differences in the associations between OSA and a comprehensive range of epidemiological factors remain less clear.We examined the prevalence of self-reported OSA in 143 326 females (age 48–93 years) from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS-II and 22 896 males from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (age 65–101 years) in 2012–2013. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the sex-specific prevalence odds ratios (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals of OSA by demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and comorbidity factors.The overall prevalence of self-reported OSA was 6.4% in females and 13.8% in males. After mutual adjustment, the associations of OSA with physical inactivity, hypertension and daytime sleepiness were stronger in females, whereas the associations with waist circumference and witnessed apnoea were stronger in males (p-heterogeneity <0.01). There were qualitative sex differences in the associations with age (pOR per 5-year increment in females 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96, and males 1.04, 1.01–1.08; p-heterogeneity <0.0001) and marital status (pOR for marriedversusother in females 0.85, 95% CI 0.81–0.89, and males 1.11, 0.99–1.25; p-heterogeneity <0.0001).Substantial sex differences exist in the associations with various factors, suggesting sex-specific mechanisms in OSA.
Physical Activity Alters Inflammation in Older Adults by Different Intensity Levels
Authors: NILSSON ANDREAS , BERGENS OSCAR , KADI FAWZI 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine the influence of reallocating time spent at different objectively measured physical activity (PA) behaviors on markers of systemic inflammation in older women with different levels of metabolic risk.

Methods
Accelerometer-based monitoring of PA was conducted in a population of community-dwelling older women (n = 111; age, 65–70 yr) for determination of daily sedentary time, time in light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Blood samples were collected for the assessment of the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and adiponectin. Metabolic risk was assessed by standardized procedures based on definitions for the metabolic syndrome. Data were analyzed by linear regression models based on isotemporal substitution analysis.

Results
Reallocating 30 min of sedentary time with either time in LPA (β = −0.47; P < 0.05) or MVPA (β = −0.42; P < 0.05) was related to reduced fibrinogen level, whereas no corresponding effect was evident when shifting time in LPA with time in MVPA, while holding sedentary time constant. In contrast, reallocating a 30-min period in sedentary (β = −0.70; P < 0.01) or LPA (β = −0.71; P < 0.01) with MVPA was associated with a significant reduction in CRP level, whereas no impact on CRP was observed when a period of sedentary behavior was replaced with LPA. Importantly, all significant influences on fibrinogen and CRP by displacement of different PA behaviors remained after adjustment for metabolic risk status among participants. No significant associations with adiponectin were observed.

Conclusions
Altogether, this work supports the existence of different intensity thresholds mediating beneficial effects of PA on important clinical markers of systemic inflammation in older women across different stages of disease prevention.
Delay-Predictability Trade-offs in Reaching a Secret Goal
Authors: Tsitsiklis John N. , Xu Kuang 
Published: February 2018

We formulate a model of sequential decision making, dubbed the Goal Prediction game, to study the extent to which an overseeing adversary can predict the final goal of an agent who tries to reach that goal quickly, through a sequence of intermediate actions. Our formulation is motivated by the increasing ubiquity of large-scale surveillance and data collection infrastructures, which can be used to predict an agent’s intentions and future actions, despite the agent’s desire for privacy. Our main result shows that with a carefully chosen agent strategy, the probability that the agent’s goal is correctly predicted by an adversary can be made inversely proportional to the time that the agent is willing to spend in reaching the goal, but cannot be made any smaller than that. Moreover, this characterization depends on the topology of the agent’s state space only through its diameter.
Muscle Activation Patterns of Lower-Body Musculature Among 3 Traditional Lower-Body Exercises in Trained Women
Authors: Korak J. Adam , Paquette Max R. , Fuller Dana K. , Caputo Jennifer L. , Coons John M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Korak, JA, Paquette, MR, Fuller, DK, Caputo, JL, and Coons, JM. Muscle activation patterns of lower-body musculature among 3 traditional lower-body exercises in trained women. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2770–2775, 2018—The deadlift and back and front squats are common multijoint, lower-body resistance exercises that target similar musculature. To our knowledge, muscle activity measured using surface electromyography has never been analyzed among these 3 exercises. Furthermore, most literature examining this topic has included male participants creating a void in the literature for the female population. Knowledge of lower-body muscle activation among these 3 exercises can aid coaches, trainers, and therapists for training and rehabilitative purposes. Trained women (n = 13) completed 2 days of testing including a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation, an actual 1RM, and 3 repetitions at 75% 1RM load for the deadlift and back and front squats. Muscle activity of the 3 repetitions of each muscle was averaged and normalized as a percentage to the 1RM lifts for the deadlift and front and back squats. Five separate repeated-measure analysis of variances were performed indicating muscle activity of the gluteus maximus (GM) differed among the 3 exercises (p = 0.01,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201810000-00010/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002801Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.39). Specifically, post hoc analysis indicated greater muscle activity during the front squat (M = 94%, SD = 15%) compared with the deadlift (M = 72%, SD = 16%; p ≤ 0.05) in the GM. No significant differences were observed among the lifts in the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris. Strength and conditioning specialist and trainers can use these findings by prescribing the front squat to recruit greater motor units of the GM.
Determination of the Thermal Conductivity Tensor of Thermally Orthotropic Materials with Transient Line Heat Source Method
Authors: Chen Bao , Huang Yiyi , Zhang Kang , Cui Yujun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The transient line heat source (LHS) method is an effective method for thermal conductivity measurement. In this paper, the LHS method was extended to measuring thermally orthotropic materials based on the theory of heat conduction in orthotropic media. A new method of determining the thermal conductivity tensor of thermally orthotropic materials using the thermal-conductivity-probe (TCP) thermal properties analyzer (LHS method) was proposed. This method was validated by comparing with the guarded hot-plate (GHP) method, based on the results from a test on cherrywood specimens. It appears that the proposed method is able to swiftly determine the thermal conductivity tensor of thermally orthotropic materials. Satisfactory measurements can be obtained if the specimen-needle system under each of the three single measurements is close enough to its corresponding idealized physical system.
Development of High Temperature Mechanical Rig for Characterizing the Viscoplastic Properties of Alloys Used in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Molla Tesfaye Tadesse , Greco Fabio , Kwok Kawai , Zielke Philipp , Frandsen Henrik Lund 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Analyzing the thermomechanical reliability of the solid oxide cell (SOC) stack requires precise measurement of the mechanical properties of the different components in the stack at operating conditions of the SOC. It is challenging to precisely characterize the time-dependent deformational properties of metallic components in the SOC stacks at the required level of stress and operational conditions (high temperature and controlled atmosphere). This work presents an improved methodology for characterizing the time-dependent, or viscoplastic, properties of metallic alloys used in the SOC stacks at a high temperature and in a controlled atmosphere. The methodology uses a mechanical loading rig designed to apply variable and constant loads on samples within a gas-tight high temperature furnace. In addition, a unique, remotely installed length measuring setup involving a laser micrometer is used to monitor deformations in the sample. Application of the methodology is exemplified by measurement of stress relaxation, creep, and constant strain rate behaviors of a high-temperature alloy used in the construction of SOC metallic interconnects at different temperatures. Furthermore, measurements using the proposed methodology are also verified by the literature and experiments conducted using other machines.