bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘multilayer’ theory of Denonvilliers’ fascia: anatomical dissection of cadavers with the aim to improve neurovascular bundle preservation during rectal mobilization
Authors: Ghareeb W. M. , Wang X. , Chi P. , Wang W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimDenonvilliers’ fascia is thought to be a multilayered fascial structure, based on its embryological development with the neurovascular bundle embedded within it. Recently, this theory had been proven histologically and by confocal microscopy in many published articles. However, the literature does not report on how surgeons can identify these structures. We aimed to determine the optimal surgical approach for preserving these critical structures.MethodEighteen cadavers (13 male/five female) were included and treated according to the ethical considerations stated in the donation consent of our institution. Dissection was performed with the assistance of binocular loupes for better anatomical detail. The compositions of the prerectal fascia and the neurovascular bundle were observed and recorded at different levels of dissection using a high‐definition camera.ResultsThe theoretical multilayered fascia was found in male specimens as three fascial layers originating from the perineal body, seminal vesicles and posterior bladder neck. The first layer merged posterolaterally and fused with the rectosacral fascia (Waldeyer's fascia). The neurovascular bundle in male specimens was observed piercing the second and third layers, while the first layer acted as a protective cover. Dissection of female specimens demonstrated only one layer in the prerectal space.ConclusionIntiating anterior rectal mobilization by incising the peritoneum posterior to its reflection seems to be anatomically correct to preserve DVF. However, its applicability may be difficult in a narrow chanllenging pelvis. The lateral rectal ligaments and Waldeyer's fascia should be dissected from their attachments to the proper fascia of the rectum.
Risk factors associated with unplanned readmission following excisional haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Xia W. , MacFater W. S. , Barazanchi A. W. H. , Sammour T. , Hill A. G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimExcisional haemorrhoidectomy is the gold standard for management of advanced symptomatic haemorrhoids. Although an effective treatment, it is associated with significant postoperative morbidity with pain, bleeding and a high readmission rate. This study seeks to investigate potential risk factors that may predict unplanned 30‐day readmissions following excisional haemorrhoidectomy.MethodA retrospective cohort review of all haemorrhoidectomies performed at Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand, between January 2012 and December 2017 was performed. Baseline demographic data, readmission data and potential variables for readmission were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant variables for readmission within 30 days.ResultsIn total, 485 cases of excisional haemorrhoidectomy were included in the final analysis with 62 (12.8%) unplanned readmissions. The demographics between the no readmission and unplanned readmission groups were similar. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male gender (P = 0.018) and the use of non‐diathermy devices (P = 0.017) were significant risk factors for readmission. Initial dispensing of opioid analgesia did not decrease the risk of readmission.ConclusionThis study suggests that male gender and surgical technique are associated with increased risk of readmission.
Impact of Disease and Treatment Response in Drug–Drug Interaction Studies: Osimertinib and Simvastatin in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Vishwanathan Karthick , Cantarini Mireille , So Karen , Masson Eric , Fetterolf Jennifer , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: September 2019

A phase I, open‐label study (NCT02197234) assessed the effects of osimertinib on simvastatin exposure in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer and disease progression post‐EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Here, we report on a retrospective analysis of two patients (patients 1 and 2) who had liver metastases and high simvastatin exposure prior to osimertinib treatment, which changed following treatment. Patients received single oral doses of simvastatin 40 mg on day (D) 1 and D31, and osimertinib 80 mg once daily on D3–32. At baseline, both patients had abnormal liver function tests (LFTs; Child‐Pugh scores of 6 and 8, respectively), significant liver metastasis, and, after a single simvastatin dose, had higher (~ 10‐fold) exposure compared with all other patients. Following 31 days of continuous osimertinib treatment, simvastatin exposures (area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax)) and LFTs, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin normalized to population mean values. Additionally, ~ 50% and ~ 80% reductions in liver metastases were observed on computed tomography scans in patients 1 and 2, respectively. High simvastatin exposure on D1 likely resulted from impairment of hepatic first pass metabolism due to liver metastases. Reduction in hepatic disease burden due to osimertinib treatment likely resulted in liver function returning to normal levels.
The Empathetic Museum: A New Institutional Identity
Authors: Jennings Gretchen , Cullen Jim , Bryant Janeen , Bryant‐Greenwell Kayleigh , Mann Stacey , Hove Charlette , Zepeda Nayeli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Empathetic Museum is a group of colleagues who advocate institutional
empathy
as a transforming force for museums. Our initiative emerged in the second decade of the 21st century amidst a confluence of seismic events in the US that forced the museum field to examine its relationship to social issues. The Empathetic Museum arose as a critique of museums’ indifference and reluctance to engage with issues deeply affecting their communities, especially those of color. We propose a lack of institutional empathy as a subtle yet powerful cause of this indifference. The article traces the development of the Empathetic Museum initiative; the evolution of its philosophy of institutional empathy; the creation of the Maturity Model as a key tool for empathetic practice; and its use and impact in the field. As a work in progress, the Empathetic Museum initiative has evolved and expanded through constant observation of, reflection on, and engagement with the important issues of our time.
Exploring ayahuasca‐assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada
Authors: Argento Elena , Capler Rielle , Thomas Gerald , Lucas Philippe , Tupper Kenneth W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsA previous observational study of ayahuasca‐assisted therapy demonstrated statistically significant reductions in self‐reported problematic cocaine use among members of an Indigenous community in Canada. This paper aims to qualitatively explore the impact of ayahuasca‐assisted therapy on addiction and other substance use‐related outcomes and elucidate the lived experiences of participants.Design and MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 11 adult Indigenous participants of the ayahuasca‐assisted ‘Working with Addiction and Stress’ ceremonial retreats (June–September 2011). Semi‐structured interviews assessed experiences of participants following the retreats at 6‐month follow up. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted.ResultsNarratives revealed that the retreats helped participants identify negative thought patterns and barriers related to their addiction in ways that differed from conventional therapies. All participants reported reductions in substance use and cravings; eight participants reported complete cessation of at least one substance at follow up. Increased connectedness with self, others and nature/spirit was described as a key element associated with reduced substance use and cravings.Discussion and ConclusionsThis analysis expands upon prior quantitative results highlighting the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca‐assisted therapy and provides important contextual insights into why ayahuasca‐assisted therapy may have been beneficial for members of an Indigenous community seeking to address their problematic use of substances. Given limited efficacy of conventional treatments for resolving addiction issues, further research should investigate the role of ayahuasca and other psychedelic‐assisted therapies in enhancing connectedness and other key factors that may improve well‐being and reduce harmful substance use.
Risk factors for perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke: a large case–control study
Authors: Sorg Anna‐Lisa , von Kries Rüdiger , Klemme Mathias , Gerstl Lucia , Weinberger Raphael , Beyerlein Andreas , Lack Nicholas , Felderhoff‐Müser Ursula , Dzietko Mark 
Published: September 2019

AimTo identify maternal, obstetric, and neonatal risk factors related to perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) diagnosed within 28 days after birth and to understand the underlying pathophysiology.MethodFor case and control ascertainment, we used active surveillance in 345 paediatric hospitals and a population‐based perinatal database for quality assurance of hospital care. We analysed complete cases of PAIS using logistic regression. Multivariate analysis was guided by a directed acyclic graph.ResultsAfter exclusion of records with missing data, we analysed 134 individuals with PAIS and 576 comparison individuals. In univariate analysis, male sex, preterm birth (<37wks gestational age), small for gestational age (SGA), low umbilical artery pH (<7.1), low 5‐minute‐Apgar score (<7), multiple pregnancies, hypoxia, intubation/mask ventilation, nulliparity, Caesarean section, vaginal‐operative delivery, chorioamnionitis, and oligohydramnios were associated with an increased risk. Mutual adjustment yielded male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–2.73), multiple birth (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.21–8.58), chorioamnionitis (OR 9.89; 95% CI 2.88–33.94), preterm birth (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.01–3.43), and SGA (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.76–5.28) as independent risk factors.InterpretationWe confirmed the increased risk in males and the role of chorioamnionitis and SGA for PAIS, pointing to the importance of inflammatory processes and fetal–placental insufficiency. Multiple birth and preterm birth were additional risk factors.What this paper adds

Chorioamnionitis and small for gestational age (SGA) precede perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS).

Chorioamnionitis and SGA are independent risk factors for PAIS.

Inflammatory processes and fetal–placental insufficiency are the likely underlying mechanisms.

Multiple birth and preterm birth are additional risk factors.
Primary versus secondary cardiorenal prevention in type 2 diabetes: Which newer anti‐hyperglycaemic drug matters?
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Ceriello Antonio , De Nicola Luca , Perrone‐Filardi Pasquale , Cosentino Francesco , Esposito Katherine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe are observing a resurgence of major diabetic vascular complications after a period of dramatic decrease during the period 1990 to 2010. The classical division of cardiovascular prevention into primary (with an event) and secondary (without an event) is largely used to describe cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, there is evidence that the cardiovascular risk in diabetes may range from highest in patients who experienced a previous cardiovascular event to mild in patients with the main risk factors at target. Herein, we present details of the 14 cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) published to date, including the total population investigated, and their separation into primary (T2D + multiple risk factors) and secondary prevention (T2D + established cardiovascular disease [CVD]) populations as detailed within the trials. We also summarize evidence for the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) and sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) versus placebo on the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure (HF) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In primary prevention, SGLT‐2i reduce both the risk of hospitalization for HF and progression of DKD; in secondary prevention, SGLT‐2i are effective on the three endpoints, DPP‐4i are neutral, while GLP1‐RA show mixed results.
Determination of right ventricular function with adjusted systolic to diastolic duration ratio after transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Arndt Andrew L. , Madriago Erin , Huang Jennifer , Ronai Christina , Silberbach Michael , Broberg Craig S. , Holmes Kathryn W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of right ventricular dysfunction after transannular patch for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF‐TAP) is essential for management.ObjectivesTo evaluate echocardiographic metrics of ventricular function correlate with functional MRI measurements, in patients with TOF‐TAP.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with TOF‐TAP between 2007 and 2017 who had an echocardiogram and MRI within six months were analyzed. Systolic to diastolic ratio (SD ratio) was measured from the tricuspid regurgitation and adjusted for heart rate. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), Fractional Area Change (FAC), and shortening fraction (SF) were additionally measured. Echocardiographic measurements were correlated with MRI assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (RVEDi), and right to left ventricle volume ratio (RV/LV).ResultsOf the 53 patients (mean age 12.8 years) that met inclusion criteria, 45 (85%) had available TR jets for SD ratio analysis. The HR adjusted SD ratio negatively correlated with RVEF (r = −.359, P = .016), LVEF (r = −.317, P = .038) and positively with RV/LV EDV ratio (r = .347, P = .024). TAPSE, FAC, and SF measurements did not show significant correlation.ConclusionIn patients with TOF‐TAP, there is a moderate negative correlation between heart rate adjusted SD ratio and MRI metrics of ventricular function, suggesting that decreased filling time is a marker for reduced right ventricular function. The SD ratio may be a useful echocardiographic tool for serial evaluation of in this population.
Allyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol, a female‐biased compound, is robustly attractive to conspecific males of Bactrocera dorsalis at close range
Authors: Shen Jianmei , Hu Liming , Zhou Xinhua , Dai Jianqing , Chen Binghan , Li Shufeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play important roles in mate recognition and chemical communication. To explore the cues regulating courtship and mating behaviour in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), CHCs were extracted from mature virgin female and male oriental fruit flies using n‐hexane. Nine compounds – i.e., 4‐allyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol (designated ‘compound 3’) and eight ester compounds – had significantly greater abundance in female samples than in males. Of these nine compounds, six (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8) elicited electrophysiological responses from the antennae of male flies. Compound 3 did not elicit a detectable male antennal response, but in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays, it exhibited robust attractiveness to conspecific males at close range. We speculate that compound 3 is a close‐range sex pheromone in B. dorsalis. A mating competition experiment revealed that compound 3 significantly increased the competitiveness of males, which implied that compound 3 might be used in control programs of B. dorsalis.
A somatic mutation in MEN1 gene detected in periventricular nodular heterotopia tissue obtained from depth electrodes
Authors: Montier Laura , Haneef Zulfi , Gavvala Jay , Yoshor Daniel , North Robert , Verla Terence , Van Ness Paul C. , Drabek Janice , Goldman Alica M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeriventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a common structural malformation of cortical development. Mutations in the filamin A gene are frequent in familial cases with X‐linked PNH. However, many cases with sporadic PNH remain genetically unexplained. Although medically refractory epilepsy often brings attention to the underlying PNH, patients are often not candidates for surgical resection. This limits access to neuronal tissue harboring causal mutations. We evaluated a patient with PNH and medically refractory focal epilepsy who underwent a presurgical evaluation with stereotactically placed electroencephalographic (SEEG) depth electrodes. Following SEEG explantation, we collected trace tissue adherent to the electrodes and extracted the DNA. Whole‐exome sequencing performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–approved genetic diagnostic laboratory uncovered a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in novel candidate PNH gene MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; c.1546dupC, p.R516PfsX15). The variant was absent in an earlier exome profiling of the venous blood–derived DNA. The MEN1 gene encodes the ubiquitously expressed, nuclear scaffold protein menin, a known tumor suppressor gene with an established role in the regulation of transcription, proliferation, differentiation, and genomic integrity. Our study contributes a novel candidate gene in PNH generation and a novel practical approach that integrates electrophysiological and genetic explorations of epilepsy.
Low dielectric loss LNT/PEEK composites with high mechanical strength and dielectric thermal stability
Authors: Liu Shilin L. , Bian Jianjiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract(3‐Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane treated La(2−x)/3Na0.06TiO3(x = 0.06) (LNT) microparticles filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites were prepared using hot pressing process. The effects of variation of LNT ceramic filling fraction on dielectric properties, water absorption, thermal stability and mechanical strength were investigated. All composites demonstrate low water absorption (less than 0.4%) when the ceramic filling fraction is lower than 0.6Vf. The obtained composites exhibited dielectric permittivities varying from ~4 to ~22 as the ceramic fillers increased from 0.1 to 0.8Vfand low losses (~10−4@1 MHz, 3~5 × 10−3at the frequencies of microwave (10 GHz) and millimeter wave (29‐50 GHz), respectively). The mechanical strength, dimensional and dielectric thermal stability of the composite are remarkably improved by the addition of LNT ceramic fillers. A composite with near zero temperature coefficients of dielectric permittivity or resonant frequency and flexural strength of ~140 MPa could be obtained. The out‐of‐plane coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) could be reduced to ~20 ppm/°C as the ceramic filler loading reached 0.7Vf.
Enhanced piezoelectric strain of BiFeO3–Ba(Zr0.02Ti0.98)O3 lead‐free ceramics near the phase boundary
Authors: Guo Jian , Ning Zhenhai , Fu Dongyan , Cheng Jinrong , Chen Jianguo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe xBiFeO3‐(1‐x)Ba(Zr0.02Ti0.98)O3 + 1.0 mol% MnO2 (xBF‐BZT) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction method. The structure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that xBF‐BZT ceramics exhibited pure perovskite structure with the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases (0.66 ≤ x ≤ 0.74). The Curie temperature Tc, the dielectric constant εr (1 kHz), dielectric loss tanδ (1 kHz), piezoelectric constant d33, coercive field Ec (80 kV/cm), and remnant polarization Pr (80 kV/cm) of 0.7BF‐0.3BZT‐Mn ceramics were 491°C, 633, 0.044, 165 pC/N, 35.6 kV/cm, and 22.6 μC/cm2, respectively. The unipolar strain of 0.7BF‐0.3BZT reached up to 0.20% under the electric field of 60 kV/cm, which is larger than that (0.15%) of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics. These results indicated that the xBF‐BZT ceramics were promising candidates for high‐temperature piezoelectric materials.
Skin diseases in rural Nyala, Sudan (in a rural hospital, in 12 orphanages, and in two refugee camps)
Authors: Kibar Öztürk Melike 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSkin diseases are considered to be common in Nyala, Sudan. This study was carried out to verify the prevalence of skin diseases in Nyala. This prospective observational study included skin examination of a total of 1802 people: 620 patients who were evaluated in the outpatient clinics (OC) and 1182 people from orphanages and refugee camps (ORC) in Nyala, Sudan. χ2 test was used. The total prevalence of skin disorders in the sample was 92.6% (1670/1802). One thousand and fifty of 1182 (88.8%) people from ORC had a skin disorder. The most common skin diseases in this community were: fungal infections (32.6%), dermatitis/eczema (10.5%), bacterial skin infections (10.3%), disorders of skin appendages (8.7%), parasitic infestations (7.7%), atrophic skin disorders (7.4%), disorders of pigmentation (7.4%), hypertrophic skin disorders (6.4%), viral infections (5.8), benign neoplasm (1.9%), dermatoses due to animal injury (0.4%), bullous dermatoses (0.1%), and malignant neoplasm (0.1%). Hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin were mainly lesions of scarification (mostly atrophic) (5.7%) and keloids (5.6%). Fungal infection, bacterial infection, and parasitic infestation were more common in the ORC group, while dermatitis and eczema, disorders of skin appendages, hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin, disorders of pigmentation, and benign neoplasm were more common in the OC group. The prevalence of skin diseases in the rural Nyala was more than our expectation and was dominated by infectious skin diseases. In addition, infectious skin diseases were more common in ORC rather than OC.
Reconciling Perspectives on Clusters: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Speldekamp Daniël , Saka‐Helmhout Ayse , Knoben Joris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough our understanding of clusters and their contribution to economic performance has improved over the last three decades, the literature has become host to a wide array of divergent empirical and theoretical claims. We systematically review cluster studies published in top journals, highlighting the lack of integration among prior work. We focus on the ways in which Porter's three cluster dimensions, namely geography, networks, and institutions, have been utilized. None of the studies reviewed fully captured their complex interrelationships, which we argue is an important cause of the key disagreements in the literature. Configurational theorizing and analysis are presented as means by which the different approaches to cluster studies could be reconciled. We discuss how the application of a configurational approach can help explore new scholarly directions that can deepen our understanding of clusters and their performance‐enhancing potential. In doing so, we can move beyond an understanding of independent effects to emphasizing combinations of attributes that can generate multiple pathways to cluster performance outcomes.