bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced illusory body ownership in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Neustadter Eli S. , Fineberg Sarah K. , Leavitt Jacob , Carr Meagan M. , Corlett Philip R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne aspect of selfhood that may have relevance for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is variation in sense of body ownership. We employed the rubber hand illusion (RHI) to manipulate sense of body ownership in BPD. We extended previous research on illusory body ownership in BPD by testing: 1) two illusion conditions: asynchronous & synchronous stimulation, 2) relationship between Illusion experience and BPD symptoms, and 3) relationship between illusion experience and maladaptive personality traits.MethodsWe measured illusion strength (questionnaire responses), proprioceptive drift (perceived shift in physical hand position), BPD symptoms (DIB-R score), and maladaptive personality traits (PID-5) in 24 BPD and 21 control participants.ResultsFor subjective illusion strength, we found a main effect of group (BPD > HC, F = 11.94 p = 0.001), and condition (synchronous > asynchronous, F(1,43) = 22.80, p < 0.001). There was a group x condition interaction for proprioceptive drift (F(1,43) = 6.48, p = 0.015) such that people with BPD maintained illusion susceptibility in the asynchronous condition. Borderline symptom severity correlated with illusion strength within the BPD group, and this effect was specific to affective symptoms (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). Across all participants, trait psychoticism correlated with illusion strength (r = 0.44, p < 0.01).ConclusionPeople with BPD are more susceptible to illusory body ownership than controls. This is consistent with the clinical literature describing aberrant physical and emotional experience of self in BPD. A predictive-coding framework holds promise to develop testable mechanistic hypotheses for disrupted bodily self in BPD.HighlightsThe rubber hand illusion (RHI) allows measurement of self-disturbance.People with BPD had greater illusion susceptibility and this correlated with affective symptoms.Interoception stabilizes representations of body ownership, and is impaired in BPD.Illusion strength correlates with psychotic traits across levels of psychopathology.Predictive coding frameworks can probe mechanisms of impaired body ownership in psychopathology.
The structure of the yeast Ctf3 complex
Authors: Hinshaw Stephen M. , Dates Andrew N. , Harrison Stephen C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTKinetochores are the chromosomal attachment points for spindle microtubules. They are also signaling hubs that control major cell cycle transitions and coordinate chromosome folding. Most well-studied eukaryotes rely on a conserved set of factors, which are divided among two loosely-defined groups, for these functions. Outer kinetochore proteins contact microtubules or regulate this contact directly. Inner kinetochore proteins designate the kinetochore assembly site by recognizing a specialized nucleosome containing the H3 variant Cse4/CENP-A. We previously determined the structure, resolved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), of the yeast Ctf19 complex (Ctf19c, homologous to the vertebrate CCAN), providing a high-resolution view of inner kinetochore architecture. We now extend these observations by reporting a near-atomic model of the Ctf3 complex, the outermost Ctf19c sub-assembly seen in our original cryo-EM density. The model is sufficiently well-determined by the new data to enable molecular interpretation of Ctf3 recruitment and function.
The cognitive cost of reducing relapse to cocaine-seeking with mGlu5 allosteric modulators
Authors: Gobin Christina , Schwendt Marek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationaleCocaine use disorder (CUD) remains difficult to treat with no FDA-approved medications to reduce relapse. Antagonism of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has been demonstrated to decrease cocaine seeking but may also further compromise cognitive function in long-term cocaine users.ObjectivesHere we assessed the effect of repeated administration of negative or positive allosteric modulators (NAM or PAM) of mGlu5 on both cognitive performance and (context+cue)-primed cocaine seeking after prolonged abstinence.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 6 days of short-access (1 h/day) and 12 days of long-access (6 h/day) cocaine self-administration. Rats were then trained and tested in a delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task to establish baseline working memory performance over a five-day block of testing. Next, rats received daily systemic administration of the mGlu5 NAM MTEP (3 mg/kg), mGlu5 PAM CDPPB (30 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to DMS testing during a block of five days, followed by a 5-day washout DMS testing block.ResultsMTEP and CDPPB decreased drug seeking in response to cocaine-associated cues after prolonged abstinence. However, repeated treatment with MTEP impaired working memory, while CDPPB had no effects on performance.ConclusionsThese results emphasize the relevance of evaluating cognitive function within the context of investigating pharmacotherapies to treat CUD. Further research is needed to determine how two mechanistically different pharmacological compounds can exert the same behavioral effects to reduce cocaine seeking.
Validation and delineation of a locus conferring Fusarium crown rot resistance on 1HL in barley by analysing transcriptomes from multiple pairs of near isogenic lines
Authors: Gao Shang , Zheng Zhi , Powell Jonathan , Habib Ahsan , Stiller Jiri , Zhou Meixue , Liu Chunji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFusariumcrown rot (FCR) is a chronic and severe disease in cereal production in semi-arid regions worldwide. One of the putative quantitative trait locus (QTL) designated asQcrs.cpi-1Hhas been previously mapped on chromosome arm 1HL in barley.ResultsIn this study, five pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) targeting the 1HL locus were developed. Analysing the NILs found that the resistant allele atQcrs.cpi-1Hsignificantly reduced FCR severity. Transcriptomic analysis was then conducted against three of the NIL pairs, which placed theQcrs.cpi-1Hlocus in an interval spanning about 11 Mbp. A total of 56 expressed genes bearing SNPs were detected in this interval, which would facilitate detailed mapping as well as cloning gene(s) underlying the resistance locus. Also, five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) bearing non-synonymous SNPs were identified in the interval. Differences in DEGs regulated byQcrs.cpi-1Hthose byQcrs.cpi-4H(another known locus conferring FCR resistance) indicate that different mechanisms could be involved in their resistance.ConclusionNILs developed in this study and the transcriptomic sequences obtained from them did not only allow the validation of the resistance locusQcrs.cpi-1Hand the identification of candidate genes underlying its resistance, they also allowed the delineation of the resistance locus and the development of SNPs markers which formed a solid base for detailed mapping as well as cloning gene(s) underlying the locus.
Dual Value System and its assessment scheme for understanding and valuing ecosystem services
Authors: Yang Haile , Chen Jiakuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractValuing ecosystem services (ES) is helpful for effective ES management. However, there are many limitations in traditional ES valuation approaches, including theoretical challenges and practical difficulties. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a dual value system (DVS). And then, we presented a case study of valuing the water provision in Zhujiang River Basin (Pearl River Basin) based on DVS. DVS follows the axioms that (1) human life would end if we lose any of vital ES which is indispensable to human being’s survival (such as oxygen, freshwater) and (2) ES cannot provide any value to people without human activities. Correspondingly, DVS includes two types of value: the output support value (OSV) of a vital ES refers to the total value produced by human being’s economic and social activities (TVPH) supported by the ES consumption; the optional capacity value (OCV) of a vital ES refers to the optional capacity of supporting TVPH provided by total ES volume. The OCV provided by a vital ES is calculated by using the product of multiplying the OSV (TVPH) by the freedom of choosing the consumption from the total volume of this ES, valued in non-monetary units. Based on DVS, the OSV and OCV of water provision in Zhujiang River Basin were analyzed in river basin scale and sub-basin scale, and the values variation of water provision from 2006 to 2015 was analyzed in sub-basin scale. And then, based on this case study, we discussed the new insights into ES provided by DVS. Results proved that DVS and its assessment scheme overcame the limitations on current ES valuation approaches and provided an innovative quantitative framework to understand and value ES which will help to make good decisions in ES management.
Individual variation of the dark-background-contingent upshift of gaze: effect of past habituation
Authors: Spivak Oleg , Thier Peter , Barash Shabtai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe studied the shift of gaze direction induced by dark background in monkeys. Faced with large inter-individual variability, we asked how common the upshift is, and how the upshift size is distributed. Furthermore, we sought to reckon processes influencing the variability. Approaching these questions necessitates a large sample. Here we report data from 10 rhesus monkeys recorded in Tübingen, together with reported data from 4 cynomolgus monkeys studied in Rehovot. In all 14 monkeys, dark background induced upshift – but no systematic horizontal shift. The upshift might be thought of as a simple sensorimotor response; nevertheless, surprisingly, the monkeys’ previous experience appeared to have a decisive role in influencing the upshift’s size. All the monkeys were previously trained in tasks that involved vision and eye movements; by their previous training, the monkeys were naturally divided into two groups. Monkeys of the first, ‘bright-habituated’ group, previously trained in photopic, bright ambient-light conditions; monkeys of the second, ‘dark-habituated’ group previously trained mostly with isolated dots of light appearing in dim ambient lighting or in full darkness. The dark-habituated monkeys had a larger upshift than the bright-habituated: the groups were separated by a border-value such that 6/7 of the dark-habituated monkeys had upshift larger than the border, and 5/7 of the bright-habituated monkeys had upshift smaller than the border. Thus, the size of the dark-background-induced upshift largely reflects the extent to which a monkey is habituated to work in the dark. Though the upshift is reflex-like sensorimotor behavior, its amplitude largely reflects cumulative experience.
Calcineurin broadly regulates the initiation of skeletal muscle-specific gene expression by binding target promoters and facilitating the interaction of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme
Authors: Witwicka Hanna , Nogami Jumpei , Syed Sabriya A. , Maehara Kazumitsu , Padilla-Benavides Teresita , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Imbalzano Anthony N. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCalcineurin (Cn) is a calcium-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is broadly implicated in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression. During skeletal muscle differentiation, Cn activates the NFAT transcription factor but also promotes differentiation by counteracting the negative influences of protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) via dephosphorylation and activation of BRG1, an enzymatic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme. Here we identified four major temporal patterns of Cn-dependent gene expression in differentiating myoblasts and determined that Cn is broadly required for the activation of the myogenic gene expression program. Mechanistically, Cn promotes gene expression through direct binding to myogenic promoter sequences and facilitating the binding of BRG1, other SWI/SNF subunit proteins, and MyoD, a critical lineage determinant for skeletal muscle differentiation. We conclude that the Cn phosphatase directly impacts the expression of myogenic genes by promoting ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and formation of transcription-competent promoters.
Preparation and in vitro release of fluorouracil polylactide glycolide-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether nanoparticles
Authors: Shumroni Anil , Gupta David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis report demonstrates a novel strategy to prepare fluorouracil polylactide glycolide-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PLGA-mPEG) nanoparticles and study their in vitro release characteristics. Fluorouracil PLGA-mPEG nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the single factor experiment, the prescription and preparation process were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The in vitro release characteristics of nanoparticles were studied by dynamic membrane dialysis. Results The prepared nanoparticles were relatively uniform spheroidal particles with an average particle size of about 124. 3 nm, a Zeta potential of - 20. 6 mV, and an average encapsulation efficiency of (44.72 ± 0.38%). In vitro drug release experiments showed that the particle burst release was less than 30% at 2 h, and the drug was slowly released within 48 h after burst release.
Targeting study of HepG2 hepatoma cells in vitro by drug-loaded pectin-based nanoparticles
Authors: Shumroni Anil , Gupta David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe biodegradable and biodegradable natural polysaccharide has always been used as a drug delivery system, and has the following advantages: It can prolong the biological half life of the drug and reduce the side effects of the drug. This experiment aimed to prepare a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticle (P-5-FU) drug-loading system based on pectin, and explored a large number of pectin-based nano drug-loading systems. The galactose residue is a natural target that targets human hepatoma cell HepG2. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation inhibition effect of drug-loaded pectin-based nanoparticles on HepG2 and A549 cells. MTT assay showed that P-5-FU inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was stronger than 5-FU. P-5-FU also inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but there was no significant difference compared with 5-FU. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on two kinds of cells loaded with drug-loaded nanoparticles the uptake and targeting were measured. The results of cell uptake showed that the uptake of P-5-FU by HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of 5-FU, but there was no significant difference in the uptake of P-5-FU and 5-FU by A549 cells. There was no significant difference in the uptake of P-5-FU and 5-FU between the two cells after the galactose-saturated ASGPR binding site. The results indicate that pectin-based nano drug-loaded particles can specifically target highly expressed cells.
Using the beta distribution to analyse plant cover data
Authors: Damgaard Christian F. , Irvine Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Most plant species are spatially aggregated. Local demographic and ecological processes (e.g. vegetative growth and limited seed dispersal) result in a clustered spatial pattern within an environmentally homogenous area. Spatial aggregation should be considered when modelling plant abundance data.

Commonly, plant abundance is quantified by measuring cover within multiple areal plots or along multiple lines randomly placed within a study area. A common practice for analysing plant cover is to use statistical methods that rely on the normal distribution for quantifying uncertainty. This is problematic because plant cover data tend to be left‐skewed (J‐shaped), right skewed (L‐shaped) or U‐shaped and, therefore, commonly violate classic statistical assumptions, such as normality.

We outline statistical analyses that explicitly account for spatial aggregation by assuming that plant cover is beta‐distributed. The beta distribution is a flexible choice because within the open unit interval it can take on a wide range of shapes (L, J, U, or a bell‐shaped). We discuss and introduce extensions to the beta distribution that address common analysis issues encountered in plant cover datasets, such as (a) the treatment of zero and one cover values, (b) hierarchical data structures and (c) observations errors. For heuristic purposes, we focus on single species analyses, but we demonstrate how the outlined methods can be generalized to more species.

The assumption that plant cover is beta‐distributed allows us to estimate the degree of spatial aggregation, and the ecological significance of this new knowledge is discussed. We provide a summary of available software for analyses (emphasizing standard R packages) and include worked examples and a simulation study comparing analysis options as supplemental information.

Synthesis. Previously, the state of the statistical software made it practically difficult for empirical plant ecologists to analyze their cover data correctly, but new theory and R‐packages have been developed, and this difficulty no longer exists. We recommend that empirical plant ecologists embrace the new statistical possibilities for exploring the exciting ecological features in spatial variation of plant cover.
Is civic nationalism necessarily inclusive? Conceptions of nationhood and anti‐Muslim attitudes in Europe
Authors: SIMONSEN KRISTINA BAKKÆR , BONIKOWSKI BART 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite the centrality of national identity in the exclusionary discourse of the European radical right, scholars have not investigated how popular definitions of nationhood are connected to dispositions toward Muslims. Moreover, survey‐based studies tend to conflate anti‐Muslim attitudes with general anti‐immigrant sentiments. This article contributes to research on nationalism and out‐group attitudes by demonstrating that varieties of national self‐understanding are predictive of anti‐Muslim attitudes, above and beyond dispositions toward immigrants. Using latent class analysis and regression models of survey data from 41 European countries, it demonstrates that conceptions of nationhood are heterogeneous within countries and that their relationship with anti‐Muslim attitudes is contextually variable. Consistent with expectations, in most countries, anti‐Muslim attitudes are positively associated with ascriptive – and negatively associated with elective (including civic) – conceptions of nationhood. Northwestern Europe, however, is an exception to this pattern: in this region, civic nationalism is linked to greater antipathy toward Muslims. It is suggested that in this region, elective criteria of belonging have become fused with exclusionary notions of national culture that portray Muslims as incompatible with European liberal values, effectively legitimating anti‐Muslim sentiments in mainstream political culture. This may heighten the appeal of anti‐Muslim sentiments not only on the radical right, but also among mainstream segments of the Northwestern European public, with important implications for social exclusion and political behaviour.
Hedge Fund Regulation and Fund Governance: Evidence on the Effects of Mandatory Disclosure Rules
Authors: HONIGSBERG COLLEEN 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper uses three alternating changes in hedge fund regulation to study whether regulation reduces hedge funds’ misreporting, and, if so, why regulation is effective. Relative to public companies, hedge fund regulation is relatively light. Much of the regime is a “comply‐or‐explain” framework that allows funds to forego compliance with governance rules, providing that they disclose their lack of compliance. The results show that regulation reduces misreporting at hedge funds. Further analysis suggests that the disclosure requirements led funds to make changes in their internal governance, such as hiring or switching the fund's auditor, and that these changes induced funds to report their financial performance more accurately.
Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Gynura Bicolor Aqueous Extract in Mice
Authors: Pai Pei‐ying , Mong Mei‐chin , Yang Ya‐cheng , Liu Yin‐tso , Wang Zhi‐hong , Yin Mei‐chin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of Gynura bicolor aqueous extract (GAE) upon glycemic control, coagulation disorder, lipid accumulation, and glycative, oxidative, and inflammatory stresses in diabetic mice were investigated. Mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes. Diabetic mice were divided into four groups, consumed GAE at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%. Normal group consumed standard mouse basal diet. After 8‐week treatments, mice were sacrificed after overnight fasting. Results showed that GAE supplement at 0.5% and 1% decreased plasma glucose level and increased plasma insulin level. Diabetes lowered plasma level of protein C and anti‐thrombin III; and raised plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 activity and fibrinogen level in plasma. GAE supplement at 0.5% and 1% reversed these alterations. Histological data, assayed by Oil Red O stain, indicated that GAE supplement decreased lipid accumulation in liver. GAE supplement at 0.5% and 1% reduced aldose reductase activity in heart and kidney; and lowered the levels of carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine in plasma and two organs. Diabetes decreased glutathione content, and increased reactive oxygen species, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α production in heart and kidney. GAE supplement at three test doses reversed these changes. Diabetes upregulated the mRNA expression of p38 and nuclear factor kappa (NF‐κ)B in heart and kidney. GAE supplement suppressed the mRNA expression of both p38 and NF‐κB. These novel findings suggest that Gynura bicolor is a potent functional food for diabetic prevention or alleviation.
Safeguarding Wetlands and Their Connections within Wetlandscapes to Improve Conservation Outcomes for Threatened Amphibian Species
Authors: Zaffaroni Marta , Zamberletti Patrizia , Creed Irena F. , Accatino Francesco , De Michele Carlo , DeVries Ben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWetlands should not be considered as independent objects but as dynamically connected objects, collectively known as wetlandscapes. We developed a framework that analyzes the influences of wetland suitability and connectivity on amphibian distributions. We defined two indices: a Wetland Suitability Index describing wetland quality and a Movement Permeability Index characterizing wetland connectivity for amphibian population dynamics. These indices were calculated from raster datasets and time‐varying inundation estimates. The indices were used to define a wetlandscape and an amphibian model was used to simulate population dynamics within the wetlandscape. The framework was applied to the Nose Creek watershed, a highly modified wetlandscape in Alberta, Canada. Two amphibian species were selected with different habitat preferences: the Northern Leopard Frog that prefers wet habitats and has high mobility over land, and the Great Plains Toad that prefers terrestrial habitats and has low mobility over land. We found each amphibian species had a “preferred” wetlandscape, reflecting their life cycle traits and migration strategies which in turn were dependent on the hydrological and ecological connections within the wetlandscape. This study highlights the importance of investigating both individual wetlands and the wetlandscape and considering both wetland habitat quality and connectivity as non‐substitutable properties that act jointly, but differently, on population dynamics.