bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE INEXPENSIVE TARO AND WATER HYACINTH AS BIOSORBENT
Authors: Khandaker Shahjalal , Saha Ganesh Chandra , Miah Mohammad Al Mamun 
Published: October 2018

In this investigation, locally available and inexpensive Taro and Water Hyacinth were used as biosorbents to remove chromium from synthetic wastewater. The removal of this metal ion from water in the batch and column method have been studied and discussed. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm studies were also carried out. The material exhibits good adsorption capacity and the data follow both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Scanning Electronic Microscopic image was also used to understand the surface characteristics of biosorbent before and after biosorption studies. Effects of various factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate initial concentration, particle size etc. were analyzed. The initial concentrations of chromium were considered 5-30mgL-1 in batch method and only 4mgL-1 in column method. The maximum chromium adsorbed was 1.64 mgg-1 and 4.44 mgg-1 in Batch method and 1.15 mgg-1 and 0.75 mgg-1 in Column method. Batch and Column desorption and regeneration studies were conducted. Column desorption studies indicated that both of these biosorbents could be reused for removing heavy metals. Results of the laboratory experiments show that the performance of Taro and Water Hyacinth prove that they can effectively be used as low cost biosorbents for the removal of chromium from wastewater.KEYWORDS: Â adsorption; chromium removal; Taro; water hyacinth; batch method; column studies
AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR RETINAL VESSEL SEGMENTATION AND DENOISING USING MODIFIED ISODATA AND CLAHE
Authors: Khan Khan Bahadar , Khaliq Amir A , Shahid Muhammad , Khan Sheroz 
Published: October 2018

Retinal damage caused due to complications of diabetes is known as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). In this case, the vision is obscured due to the damage of retinal tinny blood vessels of the retina. These tinny blood vessels may cause leakage which affect the vision and can lead to complete blindness. Identification of these new retinal vessels and their structure is essential for analysis of DR. Automatic blood vessels segmentation plays a significant role to assist subsequent automatic methodologies that aid to such analysis. In literature most of the people have used computationally hungry a strong preprocessing steps followed by a simple thresholding and post processing, But in our proposed technique we utilize an arrangement ofÂ light pre-processing which consists of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) for contrast enhancement, a difference image of green channel from its Gaussian blur filtered image to remove local noise or geometrical object, Modified Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique (MISODATA) for segmentation of vessel and non-vessel pixels based on global and local thresholding, and a strongÂ post processing using region properties (area, eccentricity) to eliminate the unwanted region/segment, non-vessel pixels and noise that never been used to reject misclassified foreground pixels. The strategy is tested on the publically accessible DRIVE (Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction) and STARE (STructured Analysis of the REtina) databases. The performance of proposed technique is assessed comprehensively and the acquired accuracy, robustness, low complexity and high efficiency and very less computational time that make the method an efficient tool for automatic retinal image analysis. Proposed technique perform well as compared to the existing strategies on the online available databases in term of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, true positive rate and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
CASCADE TOPOLOGIES FOR THE ASYMMETRIC MULTILEVEL INVERTER BY NEW MODULE TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LEVELS
Authors: Samadaei Emad , Gholamian Seyyed Asghar , Sheikholeslami Abdolreza , Adabi Jafar 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â Multilevel inverters have been introduced as useful devices to connect between DC-AC systems. They are high quality output and cost benefit systems with a wide range of applications. Asymmetric multilevel inverters are a type of multilevel inverters with unequal DC link to create more voltage levels through fewer components. This paper presents new topologies of cascade multilevel inverter by a new module with a reduced component. Base module produces 13 levels by two types of unequal DC sources and 10 switches. Modular can be used to produce more and higher voltages levels. The designing of proposed multilevel inverter makes some preferable index with better quality than similar modular multilevel inverters, such as less semiconductors and DC sources, low switching frequency, creating of negative levels without any additional circuit, and module in cascade connections. Also, two cascade topologies are presented in the modular connections of the proposed module to achieve high and significant number of levels. Nearest level control (NLC) method as a switching technique is used in step changing levels for topologies to get more quality and lower harmonics. The presented module and cascade topologies are simulated by MATLAB/Simulink and are implemented by the experimental prototype in laboratory to validate the performance of proposed topologies in which simulated and experimental results show a good performance with the high quality output.
Recycling and Disposal of Lithium Battery: Economic and Environmental Approach
Authors: Rahman Ataur , AFROZ RAFIA , SAFRIN MOHD 
Published: October 2018

The adoption of Lithium-ion battery technology for Electric Vehicle/Hybrid electric vehicle has received attention worldwide recently. The price of cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) has increased due to theÂ production of EV/HEV.Â The used lithium battery is the valuable source of active metals (Co, Li, and Al) and the optimal way of extract these metals from this waste is still studied. The focus of this paper is to recovering active metals by using aÂ hydro-metallurgical method in laboratory scale with 48.8 Wh battery to reveal the economic and environment benefits. Calcination on extracted active metals as pre-thermal treatment has been conducted at 700Â°C to remove the organic compounds from the surface of active metals. The experiment has been conducted and theÂ result shows that the recovery of active metals (cathode) is 41% of cell cathode and anÂ anode is 8.5% of the cell anode materials, which are 48.8% and 23.4% of the cathode and anode cell material price, respectively. By recycling the battery active metals about 47.34%, the emission can be reduced by 47.61% for battery metal production and 60.7% for transportation of used battery disposal. The total emission can be controlled about 52.85% by recycling the active metals on battery production.
Influence of Work and Tool Materials on Parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining (Edm)
Authors: A.K.M.N. Amin A.K.M.N. Amin , Sarder A.K. 
Published: October 2018

Influence of the properties of work and tool materials on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear ratio (TWR), thickness of the recast layer, surface roughness and accuracy of machining in EDM process has been investigated. Copper brass, stainless steel, mild steel and grey cast irou have been used in various combinations as work and tool materials. From the experimental results it is found that MRR slows down with machining time. Apart from that it has been found that MRR and TWR are inversely proportional to the melting points of the work and tool materials respectively. Electrical conductivity of the tool material also has appreciable influence on tool wear ratio. Wear ratio was found to be minimum in the case of the copper electrode having maximum electrical conductivity. It has been also observed that for all combinations of work and tool materials, a recast layer is formed on the machined surface. It has been observed that the micro cavities formed in the cases of lower melting point electrode materials like copper and brass having higher electrical conductivity are comparatively smaller in size (2-3 ?m) as compared to the sizes of the micro cavities (8-20 ?m) formed in the cases of high melting pointer electrodes having also lower electrical conductivity. Consequenty the machined surface roughness produced in the latter cases is higher. It has been also observed that the debris concentration increases due to side sparking of the electrode. The tendency of debris concentration is the maximum at the middle of the tool-job interface resulting in high bottom surface inaccuracy, specially when high melting point work materials are machined with electrodes like brass having low melting point and relatively lower electrical conductivity. From the point of view of MRR, brass electrodes have been found to be the most suitable tool, but from the point of view of machining accuracy and surface finish copper electrodes were found to yield the best result for the given set of job materials. So it was concluded that brass electrodes should be recommended for rough machining and copper electrodes for finish machining of the given work materials.
The Effect of the Operating Conditions on the Apparent Viscosity of Crude Palm Oil During Oil Clarification
Authors: Mirghani I. Ahmed and Yousif A. Abakr Sulaiman Al-Zuhair, 
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil, using rotary viscometer, under different boundary conditions. It was experimentally shown that the apparent viscosity of palm oil drops with increasing of the shear rate and the temperature. However, the effect of temperature on the viscosity tends to fade at temperatures beyond 80 oC. A correlation between the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil and the operating conditions was developed. This correlation can be used in design of crude palm oil settlers and in determining the optimum operating conditions.Key Words: Crude palm oil, apparent viscosity, shear rate, modelling, separation
Andrzej Grzegorczyk as a Philosopher of Education
Authors: Hirnyy Oleg 
Published: October 2018

The paper presents scientific portrait of the famous Polish scientist, the last representative of the famous Lviv-Warsaw logical-philosophical school, a great friend of Ukraine, Professor Andrzej Grzegorczyk, who died two years ago. In addition to his main passion – mathematical logic, in which he has the world-class results. Andrzej Grzegorczyk studied ethics and philosophy, in particular in such its sphere, which he called “rationalism, opened to values”. It is briefly described his studies in that area, which is often called the “philosophy of education”, although in many cases it should say rather the “philosophy in education”. This research sphere is undeservingly considered as a peripheral one in his work. In fact, it is of prime importance for the development of the theoretical bases of pedagogy. In particular, his scientific program of anthropological description (so-called “human condition”) and based on this description the program developed by him (so-called “Universal School Program”) deserve the special attention.
LINGVISTIC APPROACH IN THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Yuzevych V. , Krap N. , Ogirko O. 
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the task model based on an analysis of the conditions for the adoption of alternative solutions. Using such model in the project management allows evaluating the existing number of tourists by countries of destination and choosing the the best option. A modified method of undominated alternatives was used for analysis of the subjects of tourism in Lviv region. The concepts of membership function and the degree of fuzziness on the project were proposed. Mathematical model allowing to select the optimal value of tourists served by subjects of tourism in Lviv region by country of destination was developed. On the basis of data on the distribution of citizens of Ukraine, serviced by subjects of tourism in Lviv region by country of destination the country with the optimal number of served tourists was determined. Using a modified method of undominated alternatives in the system of project management helps to optimize the work of travel agencies and describes the development of tourism in a given area of research.
Chlamydia trachomatis screening in resource-limited countries – Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of 3 different assays
Authors: Tosic-Pajic Jelena Zivadin , Sazdanovic Predrag , Sorak Marija , Cukic Jelena , Arsovic Aleksandra , Milovanovic Dragan , Baskic Dejan 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Commercially available assays were evaluated in order to determine diagnostic accuracy of Chlamydia trachomatis specific tests for screening.
Methods: The study included 225 sexually active men and women, who were tested for genital chlamydial infection in Institute of Public Health Kragujevac. Three screening tests were used: direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and rapid lateral immunochromatographic test (RT) for qualitative detection of chlamydial antigens and immunoenzyme (ELISA) test for detection of serum levels of anti-chlamydial IgA and IgG antibodies. Diagnostic efficiency of these tests were determined in relation to results obtained by RT-PCR method.
Results: Statistical significance between the results obtained by RT-PCR as a gold standard and DIF, RT and ELISA were analyzed using chi-square (χ2) test. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between RT-PCR and analyzed screening tests: DIF (χ2 = 303; p < 0.001), RT (χ2 = 4.19; p = 0.041), serum IgA (χ2 = 4.19; p = 0.041) and serum IgG (χ2 = 67; p < 0.001) which indicates poor agreement between these tests. Large numbers of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results were observed for all tested assays. According to Youden’s index, serum IgG and DIF testing demonstrated the most-balanced sensitivity-specificity rate. RT assay exhibits the highest expanded Youden’s index, as well as the best overall diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions: None of evaluated screening tests can be recommended as individual method for the diagnosis of acute infection. We suppose that RT-PCR is unlikely to be a cost-effective screening strategy within the Serbian health system.
Management of a difficult infectional disease: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Authors: Yanık Fazlı , Karamustafaoğlu Yekta Altemur , Yoruk Yener 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis (DNM) is the fatal form of mediastinitis and mostly develops as a complication of peritonsillar abscesses or dental-odontogenic infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and surgical feature of the patients with DNM who were managed in our clinic.
Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated 13 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of DNM between February 2005 and February 2018. All of them had the typical physical appearance, history and radiological findings.
Results: Ten (77%) patients were male, 3 (23%) patients were female with a median age of 48.2 (18-76 years). All patients underwent Cervico-Mediastinal Drainage (CMD) with debridement of the necrotic and infected tissues. Other supplimantary surgical procedures were tube thoracostomy (n = 8), VATS mediastinal drainage (n = 4), tracheostomy (n = 2) and thoracatomy (n = 1). The median time to diagnosis of DNM, tube drainage (inserted after CMD) removal time, tube thoracostomy removal time, lenght of hospital stay were 1.8 (range 1-4) days, 13.6 (range 10-20), 12.6 days (range 10-27) and 21.5 days (range 15-30), respectively. Appropriate and potent antibiotics were used according to the fever-CRP response with the consultation on infectious disease specialist. Two patients were lost due to fulminant sepsis (n = 1) and massive cervical haemorrhage (n = 1). Overall mortality rate was 15%. Complications were recorded in 6 patients (46%).
Conclusions: The critical point in the management of DNM is the correct diagnosis, rapid surgical intervention with antibiotherapy and close follow-up for possible complications. We concluded that the combination of minimally invasive management as VATS-tube thoracostomy with CMD is the most appropriate surgical interventions.
La sous-représentation des Français d’origine non européenne au sein des institutions publiques
Authors: Bekkouche Adda 
Published: October 2018

Depuis la nomination au gouvernement de deux secrétaires d’Etat d’origine algérienne, au mois de mai 2002, une réalité a fait irruption : les Français d’origine non européenne sont sous-représentés au sein des institutions publiques. Depuis, le débat porte sur l’inaction des gouvernements antérieurs, notamment ceux de gauche, avec à leur tête le Parti socialiste et la compétition ou la surenchère, avec ses dérives, qui s’instaure entre les deux grands partis de gouvernement. Afin de cerner au mieux cette question, il est utile de rappeler quelques éléments historiques et comparatifs concernant le niveau de participation des citoyens non communautaires dans des Etats de l’Union européenne, pour enfin présenter des axes constitutifs d’actions susceptibles de corriger cette anomalie. Auparavant, il est important de poser la question de la place occupée par cette problématique sur le plan scientifique.
Protection sociale des étrangers
Authors: Math Antoine , Toullier Adeline 
Published: October 2018

La protection sociale n’est pas une faveur, elle est partie intégrante des droits de l’Homme et constitue, en particulier au regard des textes internationaux, un droit pour toute personne humaine quelle que soit sa nationalité 1 .Ce caractère universel du droit à la sécurité sociale est encore trop souvent ignoré des dispositions nationales qui sont pourtant subordonnées aux normes de rang international. Et les traitements différenciés selon la nationalité du demandeur, véritables discriminations, sont loin d’avoir disparu dans l’Union européenne ( ue ). Les quelque 14 millions de ressortissants d’Etats tiers résidant dans l’ ue se trouvent à cet égard dans une position défavorable. La construction européenne, au fur et à mesure qu’elle a consolidé et enrichi les droits de ceux qui sont aujourd’hui les « citoyens européens » 2 , a eu pour effet paradoxal d’accroître le fossé et donc les discriminations à l’égard de ceux qui ne le sont pas, en matière de liberté de circulation, d’accès au marché du travail et aussi de droits sociaux 3 .
La surdiscrimination des Roms en Europe
Authors: Dacheux Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2018

La surdiscrimination des Tsiganes en Europe est politique avant d’être économique et socio culturelle. Surdiscrimination citoyenne, surdiscrimination européenne, mais peut-être pas surdiscrimination pérenne ? Ce peuple à qui rien, vraiment rien, n’a été épargné, continue, à notre grand étonnement, à participer à notre histoire.
Politique migratoire et discrimination dans le cas espagnol
Authors: López Sala Ana María , Ravenel Bernard 
Published: October 2018

L’immigration et la politique migratoire espagnoles ont connu de profonds changements dans les dernières années : d’un côté des flux qui se sont transformés en termes d’origine et de projet migratoire et de l’autre une politique qui peut être qualifiée de politique discriminatoire…
Sangatte, révélateur de nouvelles formes de migration
Authors: Laacher Smaïn , Dhoquois-Cohen Régine 
Published: October 2018

Smaïn Laacher est l’auteur d’un ouvrage intitulé : « Après Sangatte… Nouvelles immigrations. Nouveaux enjeux » (La Dispute, 2002). Ce livre rend compte de l’enquête qu’il a effectuée auprès des personnes accueillies à Sangatte. Ces réfugiés parlent de la violence, de l’arbitraire dans leurs pays d’origine qui les ont contraints à entreprendre ce voyage. Il ne s’agit plus de discriminations qui supposent un Etat de droit mais de quelque chose de plus grave qui oblige à revoir les critères traditionnels du droit d’asile.
Promesse royale en faveur d’une réforme audacieuse du statut de la femme
Authors: Lamchichi Abderrahim 
Published: October 2018

Vendredi 10 octobre 2003, à l’ouverture de la session d’automne du Parlement, le roi du Maroc Mohammed VI a annoncé sa détermination de réformer en profondeur le Code de la famille 1 . Il a exposé les orientations majeures d’un nouveau projet qui devrait améliorer de manière substantielle le statut de la femme marocaine et sa place dans la société en lui octroyant de nouveaux droits : sévère restriction des pratiques de la répudiation et de la polygamie, instauration du consentement au mariage, affirmation de nouvelles prérogatives de la femme en cas de divorce, alignement de l’âge du mariage pour les filles et les garçons ou encore disparition de la tutelle masculine… Cinq mois après les attentats-suicides de Casablanca, ce projet qui répond, certes en partie seulement, mais très positivement à plusieurs des revendications essentielles des associations féministes marocaines, sera débattu et un nouveau Code de la famille devra être adopté par le Parlement avant la fin de l’année.
Le crépuscule de Rauf Denktash
Authors: Chiclet Christophe 
Published: October 2018

Le 14 décembre dernier, les électeurs de l’autoproclamée « République turque du nord de Chypre » élisaient leurs députés. Pour la première fois depuis vingt ans, l’opposition a réussi à déstabiliser le pouvoir du potentat local, l’inoxydable Rauf Denktash, homme lige des militaires d’Ankara. L’adhésion de la partie grécophone de l’île à l’Union européenne le 1er mai 2004, n’est bien évidemment pas étrangère à ces changements en « rtnc ».
Où sont l’Afrique et l’Europe en Méditerranée ?
Authors: Frizon de Lamotte Dominique 
Published: October 2018

La frontière sud, méditerranéenne, de l’Europe semble a priori évidente et intangible. On montre ici qu’il n’en est rien. D’un point de vue géologique, l’espace méditerranéen est un patchwork de blocs continentaux ayant navigué d’un continent à l’autre au cours du temps : un véritable méli-mélo continental riche d’interactions multiples.
Citoyens d’origine contrôlée au Nigeria
Authors: Fourchard Laurent 
Published: October 2018

Le Nigeria a dissocié depuis quatre décennies le corps des citoyens en deux : les indigenes et les non indigenes . Les indigenes sont ceux qui peuvent faire remonter leurs racines généalogiques à une communauté de personnes originaires d’une localité. Les gouvernements locaux produisent des certificats d’ indigene qui certifient cette origine. Cet article explore la relation entre les fonctionnaires des gouvernements locaux, leurs intermédiaires et les usagers en quête de certificat dans trois États du Nigeria. L’analyse montre comment les candidats se prêtent à ces procédures, comment la relation bureaucratique constitue un apprentissage ordinaire de l’État et redéfinit l’appartenance à une citoyenneté locale exclusive, et à quelles conditions la production de documents devient une question politique conflictuelle.
Aristote à Bagdad. Catégories et métaphysique
Authors: Trégo Kristell 
Published: October 2018

Cet article revient sur les rapports entre catégories et métaphysique chez les aristotéliciens de Bagdad. Contre les grammairiens contemporains, l’école de Bagdad a développé une interprétation métaphysique des catégories. Dans ses traités théologiques, Yaḥyâ ibn ‘Adî exhibe une multiplicité de « choses » ( ashyâ’  ) et d’ « intentions » ( ma‘ânî ) dans une même « substance » ( jawhar ). Ces deux concepts se retrouvent chez al-Fârâbî convoquant dans son Kitâb al- ḥ urûf   les catégories pour mettre en place une métaphysique. La « chose » que considère la métaphysique se laisse alors appréhender à partir de ce qui se donne à penser.