bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biomechanical effect of single-level laminectomy and posterior instrumentation on spinal stability in degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a human cadaveric study
Authors: Rustenburg Christine M. E. , Faraj Sayf S. A. , Holewijn Roderick M. , Kingma Idsart , van Royen Barend J. , Stadhouder Agnita , Emanuel Kaj S. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEDegenerative lumbar scoliosis, or de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis, can result in spinal canal stenosis, which is often accompanied by disabling symptoms. When surgically treated, a single-level laminectomy is performed and short-segment posterior instrumentation is placed to restore stability. However, the effects of laminectomy on spinal stability and the necessity of placing posterior instrumentation are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the stability of lumbar spines with degenerative scoliosis, characterized by the range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) stiffness, after laminectomy and placement of posterior instrumentation.METHODSTen lumbar cadaveric spines (T12–L5) with a Cobb angle ≥ 10° and an apex on L3 were included. Three loading cycles were applied per direction, from −4 Nm to 4 Nm in flexion/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). Biomechanical evaluation was performed on the native spines and after subsequent L3 laminectomy and the placement of posterior L2–4 titanium rods and pedicle screws. Nonparametric and parametric tests were used to analyze the effects of laminectomy and posterior instrumentation on NZ stiffness and ROM, respectively, both on an individual segment’s motion and on the entire spine section. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to study the correlation between disc degeneration and spinal stability.RESULTSThe laminectomy increased ROM by 9.5% in FE (p = 0.04) and 4.6% in LB (p = 0.01). For NZ stiffness, the laminectomy produced no significant effects. Posterior instrumentation resulted in a decrease in ROM in all loading directions (−22.2%, −24.4%, and −17.6% for FE, LB, and AR, respectively; all p < 0.05) and an increase in NZ stiffness (+44.7%, +51.7%, and +35.2% for FE, LB, and AR, respectively; all p < 0.05). The same changes were seen in the individual segments around the apex, while the adjacent, untreated segments were mostly unaffected. Intervertebral disc degeneration was found to be positively correlated to decreased ROM and increased NZ stiffness.CONCLUSIONSLaminectomy in lumbar spines with degenerative scoliosis did not result in severe spinal instability, whereas posterior instrumentation resulted in a rigid construct. Also, prior to surgery, the spines already had lower ROM and higher NZ stiffness in comparison to values shown in earlier studies on nonscoliotic spines of the same age. Hence, the authors question the clinical need for posterior instrumentation to avoid instability.
Upright MRI after decompression of spinal stenosis and concurrent spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kern Michael , Setzer Matthias , Weise Lutz , Mroe Ali , Frey Holger , Frey Katharina , Seifert Volker , Duetzmann Stephan 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEThe treatment of patients with spinal stenosis and concurrent degenerative spondylolisthesis is controversial. Two large randomized controlled clinical trials reported contradictory results. The authors hypothesized that a substantial number of patients will show evidence of micro-instability after a sole decompression procedure.METHODSThis study was a retrospective analysis of all cases of lumbar spinal stenosis treated at the Frankfurt University Clinic (Universitätsklinik Frankfurt) from 2010 through 2013. Patients who had associated spondylolisthesis underwent upright MRI studies in flexion and extension for identification of subtle signs of micro-instability. Clinical outcome was assessed by means of SF-36 bodily pain (BP) and physical functioning (PF) scales.RESULTSA total of 21 patients were recruited to undergo upright MRI studies. The mean duration of follow-up was 65 months (SD 16 months). Of these 21 patients, 10 (47%) showed signs of micro-instability as defined by movement of > 4 mm on flexion/extension MRI. Comparison of mean SF-36 BP and PF scores in the group of patients who showed micro-instability versus those who did not showed no statistically significant difference on either scale.CONCLUSIONSThere seems to be a substantial subset of patients who develop morphological micro-instability after sole decompression procedures but do not experience any clinically significant effect of the instability.
Statistical Analysis of the IT Market in Ukraine
Authors: Zhurauliou A. V. , Simachov O. A. 
Published: May 2019

The article analyzes the development of the information technology industry in Ukraine for the last few years. The purposes of the study were to identify and uncover problems with statistical monitoring of Ukrainian IT industry, analyze present challenges of the information technology industry development, and find ways to improve statistical studies of the industry on the state level. The current state of the information technology industry in Ukraine and the main directions of the industry expansion (software development outsourcing, development of packaged software) were evaluated and compared to the ones of the European countries. Through a combination of researches and surveys conducted by the Ukrainian developer’s society (DOU), qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the IT industry development performance and labor market were analyzed: major education providers, the structure of job titles and positions, as well as principal locations, age-grading, gender and wage structure of workers.
Conclusions from the analysis allow suggesting that the official state statistics service research areas provide a limited outlook on the information technology industry statistics due to being hindered by institutional constraints. Among the major constraints for the growth of the information technology industry in Ukraine, the following four are recognized: the lack of predictable and sustainable taxation, slow reforms process in the education system, an inappropriate level of intellectual property rights protection and insufficient development of state information technology infrastructure. While the impact of the Ukrainian information technology sector on the economic development is evident and the industry shows strong growth among the various segments of the Ukrainian economy, there is no sufficient essential economic information collected, analyzed, and disseminated due to a number of problems related to statistical monitoring, which in turn requires an appropriate statistical basis and assessment methodology for further evaluation of the industry development.
Internationalization, Mobility and Englishization in Higher Education Across OECD Countries
Authors: TOPRAK Tuğba Elif 
Published: May 2019

Although the European Union policies explicitly support the notion of multilingualism, the impact of increasing internationalization on the linguistic landscape of the European higher education system has been dramatic. In the post-Bologna period, the desire of higher education institutions to attract a more skilled and diverse body of students seems to turn English into the medium of instruction of a significant number of higher education institutions based in the continent. Particularly, competitiveness in the academic market that leads to bottom-up and top-down pressures within universities to become more international may have caused many higher education institutions to directly associate internationalization with Englishization. As this situation reinvigorates the status of English as the lingua franca, the present article investigates the links between internationalization, language policies, and Englishization through having a closer look at the OECD international student mobility data. The article also points to several practical and pedagogical considerations involved in implementing language policies in higher education.
Estudio de ingresos y gastos de las familias de la Parroquia de Bolívar
Authors: Montenegro Arellano Gillermo Fausto , Urresta Yépez Ramiro Fernando , García Ibarra Verónica Jannet 
Published: May 2019

La presente investigación se realizó en la parroquia de Bolívar, cantón Bolívar, provincia del Carchi; con el objetivo de conocer algunas características socioeconómicas, principalmente, los ingresos y gastos de las familias y su capacidad de cubrir las necesidades básicas. Las variables críticas fueron: Ocupación y/o Empleo, Ingresos y Gastos. Se encuestó a un total de 388 jefes de hogar. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que los ingresos de la gran mayoría de la población de estudio no superan la canasta básica vigente. El Procedimiento de este estudio consta de las siguientes partes: Elaboración de instrumento, Aplicación de encuestas, Prueba del cuestionario, Recopilación, tabulación de la información y Elaboración de informe. El 91,5 % de las personas entrevistadas son los jefes del hogar padre o madre de familia que nos da confiabilidad en la información proporcionada para esta investigación. El 65% de los entrevistados poseen casa propia, El total de ingresos promedio mensual de los hogares de Bolívar es de 455.46 dólares, cantidad que no alcanza a cubrir el costo de una canasta familiar básica. El 50 % de las familias obtienen ingresos mensuales de hasta 375 dólares, solamente un 10 % de las familias obtienen ingresos mensuales mayores de 1000 dólares, el 75% de los encuestados tiene ingresos que no superan los 600 dólares mensuales, un 25% de encuestados tiene ingresos de 250 dólares o menos al mes. En promedio los gastos de las familias ascienden a 500 dólares mensuales, si tomamos en cuenta al 75 % de los hogares tienen un gasto de 556.82 dólares mensuales. Realizando una comparación en los diferentes cuartiles de la población los gastos se ajustan a los ingresos de las familias y solamente el 10 % de la población alcanzaría a cubrir la canasta básica familiar.
Cultura organizacional de las PYME, sector manufacturero de barniz, Municipio de Pasto-Nariño(Colombia)
Authors: Trejos Moncayo Carlos Rubén , Villota Urbano Claudia Dolores 
Published: May 2019

La globalización y los avances tecnológicos han traído consigo cambios políticos, sociales y económicos; los cuales han influenciado progresivamente en el desarrollo de sus nactividades comerciales. REstos cambios se ven reflejados en la cultura del ser humano, facilitándole las actividades diarias y ofreciéndole variedad en información, productos de consumo y servicios. Ante tal diversidad , es indispensable que las organizaciones tiendan a ser competitivas y por ende analicen y perfilen su Cultura Organizacional, ya que ésta incide notablementeen el éxito de la empresa y la continua adaptación de la misma en el mercado externo. Con éste artículo se pretende dar aconocer los resultados del estudio de la Cultura Organizacionalde las Pyme del sector manufacturero de barniz, ubicadas en el centro del municipio de Pasto, Departamento de Nariño(Colombia); estudio realizado durante el segundo semestre del año 2015. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo, estableciendo las variables inherentes a su cultura Organizacional. Se emplean encuestas que dan a conocer la interrelación empresa_empleados, se consulta sobre el direccionamiento estratégico y se identifica que el proceso de construcción legal de la Pyme del sector manufacturero del barniz, aún carece de formalidad. Se trata de microempresas, que tienen contratados a menos de cinco personas y en la mayoría de los casos, la limitante de su crecimiento es la informalidad. Por lo anterior, el acceso a nuevos mercados a través del fortalecimiento de su producctividad. Como aporte al conocimiento, los autores plantean un esquema relacional de variables que puede considerar como una estrategia de mejoramiento para su situación actual, a partir de la cultura organizacional.
The Analisis Manajemen Keuangan Petani dan Perkembangan Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Kholili Isa 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui macam-macam metode yang digunakan para petani dalam mengelola (manajemen) keuangan hasil pertaninnya dan juga untuk mengetahui dampak dari berbagai macam macam metode yang digunakan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis Deskriptif komparatif yaitu dengan membandingkan dan menggali sumber sumber data terkait dengan manajemen keuangan petani yang sering digunakan sekelompok petani Tebu dan kopi dalam mengelola hasil panen.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan Hasil Panen masyarakat menggunakn dua metode yaitu hasul panen lansung dijual dan di timbun, yang kedua-duanya mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahan. Kelemahan metode hasil panen langsung dijual mereka sulit dalam penggunaan uang mengingat kebutuhan sehari-hari kurang bisa terkontrol dengan anggapan mereka terdorong untuk selalu menggunakan uangnya, sedangkan kelebihan dari metode ini adalah mereka beranggapan bahwa metode ini lebih bisa merasakan hasil pertanian mengingat uang yang mereka terima bersifat kumulatih secara langsung.
Evidence-based pancreatology 2018 (review of research results on diseases and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Klochkov A. Ye. , Lukashevich G. M. , Fomenko P. G. , Berezhnaya E. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents a detailed review of the research results in the field of pancreatology published in 2018. Certain parts of the review are devoted to the pathogenesis, diagnostics, course of pancreatitis, its treatment, as well as autoimmune, hereditary pancreatitis, pancreatic pathology in children, as well as treatment.
In studying the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, attention is paid to genetic markers of pancreatitis along with a role of bacterial overgrowth syndrome in the small intestine, both in terms of worsening of the course of pancreatitis and the lack of effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy. The study of the role of alcohol abuse and smoking in the pathogenesis of pancreatic pathology is still in progress.
Diagnostics is going on. Endosonography remains the most informative method.
A number of studies have been devoted to the studying of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency both upon pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, and in functional dyspepsia and HIV infection.
Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasingly being diagnosed, a number of studies are devoted to its diagnostics and treatment.
Pancreatic diseases in children develop mainly on the background of genetic predisposition, while functional pancreatic insufficiency occurs in adult patients.
The study of the peculiarities of the effect of enzyme replacement therapy continues. The immediate and remote results of the surgical treatment of pancreatic pathology are assessed.
Causative Organisms of Hospital Acquired Infections Among The Pediatric Patients In Tertiary Level Hospitals of Dhaka City
Authors: Miah Khorshed Ali , Chowdhury Md Zaforullah , Johora Fatima Tuj , Khatun Sumaiya 
Published: May 2019

Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to see the type of HAI and causative organisms of these infections among the paediatric patients in tertiary level hospitals of Dhaka city. This cross sectional study was conducted in three tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka City over a period of two years. A total of 1055 patients were observed and the study population comprised of all the admitted paediatric patients irrespective of sex and basic diseases who were found present during data collection period as admitted patients in the paediatric wards of the hospitals under study. Among 1055 pediatric patients admitted in all the three hospitals under study a total of 115 (10.9%) were affected by hospital acquired infections. Higher prevalence (14.0%) of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI) was found in surgery ward and the lower prevalence (9.2%) of HAI was found in medicine ward. The most common type of HAI was surgical wound infection 26(22.6%). Out of 115 HAI patients highest number 44(38.3%) were affected by staphylococcus aureusfollowed by E. coli23(20%).
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 23-28
NILAI-NILAI SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL TENTANG KAMU KARYA TERE LIYE KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Sari Novita Linda , Agustina Emi , Lubis Bustanuddin 
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam Novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai sosial dalam novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye. Hasil pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan fakta cerita yang berkaitan dengan nilai sosialnya yakni kekerasan, memulai usaha, marketing produk, peristiwa malari (malapetaka 15 Januari), pertemanan, dan pengkhianatan. Sedangkan nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye antara lain: sabar, patuh, pemaaf, membantu orang lain, peduli orang lain, bekerja keras, kesetiaan, saling percaya antar teman, tolong-menolong antar teman, dan jujur. Kata kunci: Nilai sosial, tentang kamu, sosiologi sastra.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS TEKS DI SMA NEGERI 1 BENGKULU TENGAH KELAS XI
Authors: Vidya Dharma Purnama Sari , Ariesta Ria , Purwadi Agus Joko 
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis teks di kelas XI IPS dan IPA di SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu Tengah pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data adalah dua guru Bahasa Indonesia yang mengajar di kelas XI IPS 4, IPS 5, IPA 3, IPA 4, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan validasi data. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi perencanaan, dan pelaksanaan. Guru mambuat rancangan pembelajaran sebelum pelaksanaan pembelajaran berlangsung, yaitu RPP. Hasil penelitian tentang perencanaan pembelajaran berbasis teks dari dua RPP yang dibuat guru, keduanya sudah mengambarkan langkah pembelajaran berbasis teks dengan kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis teks menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat tahap pembelajaran berbasis teks, satu tahap tidak dilaksanakan yaitu langkah membangun teks secara mandiri. Alokasi waktu perencanaan pembelajaran kurang sesuai dengan alokasi waktu pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis teks. Jam belajar yang singkat dan adanya kegiatan sekolah berdampak pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis teks dilaksanakan kurang efektif. Hasil penilaian guru terhadap siswa menunjukkan selama proses implementasi pembelajaran berbasis teks yang dilakukan tercapai. Kata kunci : implementasi, pembelajaran, berbasis teks.
NEED ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH FOR TOUR AND TRAVEL DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL IN BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Salisna Rahamdina , Harahap Alamsyah , Sofyan Dedi 
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to investigate the English needs of Tour and Travel Department at Vocational High School Negeri 1 and Vocational High School Negeri 7 in Bengkulu City. The research used mixed method and convergent parallel design. The sample of this research consisted of three groups of respondents. First group was students, consisted of 28 active students and 4 alumni. Second group was English teachers, consisted of 2 English teachers. The third group was stakeholders, consisted of two heads of the Tour and Travel Department, two assistances of curriculum, hotel, and tour staffs. The data of this research were gathered by using adapted questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively and interview was analyzed qualitatively. The data were combined by using convergent parallel design. Results of this research indicated that listening and speaking are the two prioritized skills needed by the tour and travel department. Topics of speaking which has the greatest importance are flight reservation, prices and payment, tourist destination, tourist attraction, direction, and booking hotels. Topics of listening which has the greatest importance are flight reservation, booking hotels, direction, job interview, complaints, and cultural tourism. Topics of reading which has the greatest importance are memos, letters, cultural tourism, handling a complaint, and tourism terms. Topics of writing which has the greatest importance are rules and regulation, instruction.
Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Perception of Blended Learning
Authors: Pardede Parlindungan 
Published: May 2019

Due to its great prospects to maximize the advantages of both online learning and faceto-face learning, blended learning (BL) has been growing as one of the most important educational advances of the 21st century. Current studies have revealed that BL is very potential to help address students’ diverse need and learning style, advance students’ learning experience by developing their engagement, motivation, and capacity for reflection, and provide learners with direct experience with technology-supported skills essential for 21st-century success style. This study aimed at investigating the perception of pre-service EFL teachers of blended learning in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) setting. Employed a mixed methods research design, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 32 students of the English Education Department of Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta. The findings revealed thatthe students’ perception towards blended learning was positive. The participants also valued learning using the online platform not only because it offers convenience, flexibility, and immediate access but also increases their engagement and independence and develops their technical and information literacy skills. However, they viewed face-to-face instruction more effective for it is more realistic due to the presence of direct interaction, immediate response, and the convenience of reading printed texts.