bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shale Oil Reservoir Spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: DENG Yuan , CHEN Shiyue , PU Xiugang , YAN Jihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Cenozoic continental strata of the Bohai Bay Basin are rich in shale oil resources, and they contain various types of reservoir spaces that are controlled by complex factors. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), automatic mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS), CO2 and N2 gas adsorption, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM), the types of shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin are summarized, the spatial distribution and connectivity of the various types of pores are described in detail, the microscopic pore structures are characterized, and the key geological mechanisms affecting the formation and evolution of the reservoir spaces are determined. Three conclusions can be drawn in the present study. First, the shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin can be divided into three broad categories, including mineral matrix pores, organic matter pores, and micro fractures. Those spaces can be subdivided into seven categories and fourteen sub‐categories based on the distribution and formation mechanisms of the pores. Second, the complex pore‐throat structures of the shale reservoir can be divided into two types based on the shape of the adsorption hysteresis loop. The pore structures mainly include wedge‐shaped, flat slit‐shaped, and ink bottle‐shaped pores. The mesopores and micropores are the main contributors to pore volume and specific surface area, respectively. The macropores provide a portion of the pore volume, but they do not significantly contribute to the specific surface area. Third, the factors controlling the development of microscopic pores in the shale are complex. The sedimentary environment determines the composition and structure of the shale and provides the material basis for pore development. Diagenesis controls the types and characteristics of the pores. In addition, the thermal evolution of the organic matter is closely related to inorganic diagenesis and drives the formation and evolution of the pores.
Organic Geochemical and Petrographic Characteristics of the Coal Measure Source Rocks of Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin: Implications for Coal Measure Gas Potential
Authors: WANG Yang , QIN Yong , YANG Liu , LIU Shimin , ELSWORTH Derek , ZHANG Rui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoal measure source rocks, located in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, were analyzed to define the hydrocarbon generation potential, organic geochemistry/petrology characteristics, and coal preservation conditions. The Pinghu source rocks in the Xihu Sag are mainly gas‐prone accompany with condensate oil generation. The coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation are classified from “fair” to “excellent” source rocks with total organic carbon (TOC) contents ranging from 25.2% to 77.2% and 1.29% to 20.9%, respectively. The coals are richer in TOC and S1+S2 than the shales, indicating that the coals have more generation potential per unit mass. Moreover, the kerogen type of the organic matter consists of types II‐III and III, which the maturity Ro ranges from 0.59% to 0.83%. Petrographically, the coals and shales are dominated by vitrinite macerals (69.1%–96.8%) with minor proportions of liptinite (2.5%–17.55%) and inertinite (0.2%–6.2%). The correlation between maceral composition and S1+S2 indicates that the main contributor to the generation potential is vitrinite. Therefore, the coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation has good hydrocarbon generation potential, which provided a good foundation for coal measure gas accumulation. Furthermore, coal facies models indicates that the Pinghu coal was deposited in limno‐telmatic environment under high water levels, with low tree density (mainly herbaceous) and with low‐moderate nutrient supply. Fluctuating water levels and intermittent flooding during the deposition of peat resulted in the inter‐layering of coal, shale and sandstone, which potentially providing favorable preservation conditions for coal measure gas.
Real‐world data on EGFR/ALK gene status and first‐line targeted therapy rate in newly diagnosed advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients in Northern China: A prospective observational study
Authors: Liang Hongge , Song Xia , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Shucai , Li Fang , Fang Jian , Li Junling , Liang Li , Nie Ligong , Ma Kewei , Zhang Liangming , Wang Xiaohong , Xu Junjun , Wei Yanxia , Wang Jinghui , Song Qi , Tian Guangming , Mu Yuxin , Gu Yangchun , Yang Lei , Sun Ping , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Xu Yan , Chen Minjiang , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can significantly prolong overall survival for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearrangement. However, the real‐world evaluation status of ALK/EGFR in China remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study including 1134 patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC (stage IIIb–IV) at 12 Chinese hospitals.ResultsThe most common evaluation methods were amplification‐refractory mutation system for EGFR status and immunohistochemistry targeting D5F3 for ALK status. Among patients with non‐squamous, the EGFR mutation rate was 44.1% and the ALK rearrangement rate was 10.0%. Among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the EGFR mutation rate was 8.3% and the ALK rearrangement rate was 3.7%. Among all patients, gender (HR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.2–2.4, P = 0.006), smoking history (HR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.3–2.7, P = 0.001), histology (HR = 5.0, 95%CI = 2.4–10.1, P < 0.001), and brain metastases (HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1–2.2, P = 0.017) were independent predictors of EGFR mutation, while age (HR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.7–4.1, P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of ALK rearrangement. The median time from tumor diagnosis to EGFR or ALK status confirmation was 7 and 5 days, respectively. Targeted therapy rate was 73.8% in EGFR‐positive patients and 51.4% in ALK‐positive patients. There was a negative correlation between the first‐line targeted therapy rate and the EGFR mutation detection period (r = −0.152, P = 0.02), while no significant correlation among patients with ALK rearrangement (r = −0.179, P = 0.076).ConclusionSquamous NSCLC patients should also be routinely tested to determine their EGFR/ALK statuses. The first‐line targeted therapy rate remains low in Chinese patients with NSCLC.
CpG‐related SNPs in the MS4A region have a dose‐dependent effect on risk of late–onset Alzheimer disease
Authors: Ma Yiyi , Jun Gyungah R. , Chung Jaeyoon , Zhang Xiaoling , Kunkle Brian W. , Naj Adam C. , White Charles C. , Bennett David A , De Jager Philip L. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium, Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Lunetta Kathryn L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCpG‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (CGS) have the potential to perturb DNA methylation; however, their effects on Alzheimer disease (AD) risk have not been evaluated systematically. We conducted a genome‐wide association study using a sliding‐window approach to measure the combined effects of CGSes on AD risk in a discovery sample of 24 European ancestry cohorts (12,181 cases, 12,601 controls) from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) and replication sample of seven European ancestry cohorts (7,554 cases, 27,382 controls) from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). The potential functional relevance of significant associations was evaluated by analysis of methylation and expression levels in brain tissue of the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP), and in whole blood of Framingham Heart Study participants (FHS). Genome‐wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) associations were identified with 171 1.0 kb‐length windows spanning 932 kb in the APOE region (top p < 2.2 × 10−308), five windows at BIN1 (top p = 1.3 × 10−13), two windows at MS4A6A (top p = 2.7 × 10−10), two windows near MS4A4A (top p = 6.4 × 10−10), and one window at PICALM (p = 6.3 × 10‐9). The total number of CGS‐derived CpG dinucleotides in the window near MS4A4A was associated with AD risk (p = 2.67 × 10−10), brain DNA methylation (p = 2.15 × 10−10), and gene expression in brain (p = 0.03) and blood (p = 2.53 × 10−4). Pathway analysis of the genes responsive to changes in the methylation quantitative trait locus signal at MS4A4A (cg14750746) showed an enrichment of methyltransferase functions. We confirm the importance of CGS in AD and the potential for creating a functional CpG dosage‐derived genetic score to predict AD risk.
Pragmatic care for an aging compromised dentition
Authors: Allen Finbarr 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs our population ages, dentists face challenges in maintaining compromised teeth in aging patients. For the most part, elderly patients (i.e., over 65 years of age) prefer to keep their natural teeth and in some cases, avoid removable dentures altogether. Ideally, patients should not be rendered edentate late in life, as they are unlikely to successfully adapt to the limitations of complete replacement dentures. However, this is not always possible and care should ideally be planned to avoid edentulism, or at least, to carefully manage the transition to the edentate state. In the course of planning care, the dentist needs to recognise the need for age appropriate care, factoring in the impact of the elderly patient's health status and social circumstances. For elderly patients with a compromised dentition, the dentist should try to provide care which is minimally invasive and with as low a burden of maintenance as possible. In this paper, principles of pragmatic care for elderly patients with a compromised dentition will be outlined using clinical cases. Three pathways will be outlined: (i) maintenance of a functional natural dentition using adhesive restorative techniques; (ii) use of overlay prostheses and complete replacement overdentures to manage toothwear and toothloss, complete replacement overdentures, and; (iii) staging a transition to the edentate state using transitional removable partial dentures.
“Setting the scene in early childhood” – an MID approach for life
Authors: Tham J , Calache H , Hallett KB 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article presents a discussion paper for both consideration and implementation of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) principles by the general dental practitioner. It argues that if these concepts can be adopted in early childhood by both the community and the profession, “Teeth for Life” can become a reality for all. Oral Health promoting behaviours can be nurtured and supported from infancy and developed into everyday living practice for a lifetime thereby maintaining an optimal quality of life. MID techniques have become more refined and supported by scientific research in the recent times and should be considered an essential clinical guideline for the future disease management.
Leptin modulates olfactory discrimination and neural activity in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Sun Changcheng , Tang Keke , Wu Jing , Xu Han , Zhang Wenfeng , Cao Tiantian , Zhou Yang , Yu Tian , Li Anan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimLeptin is an important peptide hormone that regulates food intake and plays a crucial role in modulating olfactory function. Although a few previous studies have investigated the effect of leptin on odor perception and discrimination in rodents, research on the neural basis underlying the behavioral changes is lacking. Here we study how leptin affects behavioral performance during a go/no‐go task and how it modulates neural activity of mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, which plays an important role in odor information processing and representation.MethodsA go/no‐go odor discrimination task was used in the behavioral test. For in vivo studies, single unit recordings, local field potential recordings and fiber photometry recordings were used. For in vitro studies, we performed patch clamp recordings in the slice of the olfactory bulb.ResultsBehaviorally, leptin affects performance and reaction time in a difficult odor‐discrimination task. Leptin decreases the spontaneous firing of single mitral/tufted cells, decreases the odor‐evoked beta and high gamma local field potential response, and has bidirectional effects on the odor‐evoked responses of single mitral/tufted cells. Leptin also inhibits the population calcium activity in genetically identified mitral/tufted cells and granule cells. Furthermore, in vitro slice recordings reveal that leptin inhibits mitral cell activity through direct modulation of the voltage‐sensitive potassium channel.ConclusionsThe behavioral reduction in odor discrimination observed after leptin administration is likely due to decreased neural activity in mitral/tufted cells, caused by modulation of potassium channels in these cells.
Prediction of significant estimated glomerular filtration rate decline after renal unit removal to aid in the clinical choice between radical and partial nephrectomy in patients with a renal mass and normal renal function
Authors: McIntosh Andrew G. , Parker Daniel C. , Egleston Brian L. , Uzzo Robert G. , Haseebuddin Mohammed , Joshi Shreyas S. , Viterbo Rosalia , Greenberg Richard E. , Chen David Y. T. , Smaldone Marc C. , Kutikov Alexander 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo develop a clinically applicable predictive model to quantitate the risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline to ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2 after radical nephrectomy (RN) to better inform decisions between RN and partial nephrectomy (PN).Patients and MethodsOur prospectively maintained kidney cancer registry was reviewed for patients with a preoperative eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who underwent RN for a localized renal mass. New baseline renal function was indexed. We used multivariable logistic regression to develop a predictive nomogram and evaluated it using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Decision‐curve analysis was used to assess the net clinical benefit.ResultsA total of 668 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 183 (27%) experienced a decline in eGFR to ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2. On multivariable analysis, increasing age (P = 0.001), female gender (P < 0.001), and increasing preoperative creatinine level (P < 0.001) were associated with functional decline. We constructed a predictive nomogram that included these variables in addition to comorbidities with a known association with kidney disease, but found that a simplified model excluding comorbidities was equally robust (cross‐validated area under the ROC curve was 0.78). Decision‐curve analysis showed the net clinical benefit at probabilities >~11%.ConclusionsThe decision to perform RN vs PN is multifaceted. We have provided a simple quantitative tool to help identify patients at risk of a postoperative eGFR of ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2, who may be stronger candidates for nephron preservation.
Association of intestinal oxalate‐degrading bacteria with recurrent calcium kidney stone formation and hyperoxaluria: a case–control study
Authors: Tavasoli Sanaz , Alebouyeh Masoud , Naji Mohammad , Shakiba majd Ghazaleh , Shabani Nashtaei Maryam , Broumandnia Nasrin , Basiri Abbas 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate potential oxalate‐degrading bacteria, including Oxalobacter formigenes, Lactobacillus (Lac) and Bifidobacterium (Bif) genera, and Oxalyl‐CoA decarboxylase (oxc) encoding Lac (LX) and Bif (BX) species in participants with recurrent calcium kidney stones, and their correlation with 24‐h urine oxalate.Participants and MethodsStool and 24‐h urine samples were collected from 58 patients with urolithiasis (29 cases with and 29 without hyperoxaluria) and 29 healthy controls. Absolute quantitation and relative abundance of the bacteria were measured by real‐time PCR. The relationship between the investigated bacteria and 24‐h urine oxalate were assessed statistically.ResultsThe count per gram of stool and relative abundance of O. formigenes, Lac, Bif, LX and BX and the number of participants carrying O. formigenes, LX and BX bacteria were not significantly different between the groups; however, the relative abundance of O. formigenes in the kidney stone group was lower than in healthy controls (P = 0.035). More healthy controls were O. formigenes‐positive compared with participants in the kidney stone group (P = 0.052). The results of the linear regression model, including all study participants, showed that the presence of O. formigenes could decrease 24‐h urine oxalate (β = −8.4, P = 0.047). Neither Lac and Bif genera nor LX and BX species were correlated with calcium stones or urine oxalate.ConclusionThese results emphasize the role of O. formigenes in kidney stone formation and its role in hyperoxaluria, which may be independent of kidney stone disease. Moreover, our results suggest that, although some Lac and Bif strains have oxalate‐degrading potential, they may not be among the major oxalate‐degrading bacteria of the gut microbiome.
Sediment provenance and routing evolution in the Late Cretaceous–Eocene Ager Basin, south‐central Pyrenees, Spain
Authors: Thomson Kelly D. , Stockli Daniel F. , Odlum Margaret L. , Tolentino Pauline , Puigdefàbregas Cai , Clark Julian , Fildani Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study constrains the sediment provenance for the Late Cretaceous–Eocene strata of the Ager Basin, Spain, and reconstructs the interplay between foreland basin subsidence and sediment routing within the south‐central Pyrenean foreland basin during the early phases of crustal shortening using detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb‐He double dating. Here we present and interpret 837 new DZ U‐Pb ages, 113 of which are new DZ (U‐Th)/He double‐dated zircons. U‐Pb‐He double dating results allow for a clear differentiation between different foreland and hinterland sources of Variscan zircons (280–350 Ma) by leveraging the contrasting thermal histories of the Ebro Massif and Pyrenean orogen, recorded by the zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) ages, despite their indistinguishable U‐Pb age signatures. Cretaceous–Paleocene sedimentary rocks, dominated by Variscan DZ U‐Pb age components with Permian–Triassic (200–300 Ma) ZHe cooling ages, were sourced from the Ebro Massif south of the Ager Basin. A provenance shift occurred at the base of the Early Eocene Baronia Formation (ca. 53 Ma) to an eastern Pyrenean source (north‐east of the Ager Basin) as evidenced by an abrupt change in paleocurrents, a change in DZ U‐Pb signatures to age distributions dominated by Cambro‐Silurian (420–520 Ma), Cadomian (520–700 Ma), and Proterozoic–Archean (>700 Ma) age components, and the prominent emergence of Cretaceous–Paleogene (<90 Ma) ZHe cooling ages. The Eocene Corçà Formation (ca. 50 Ma), characterized by the arrival of fully reset ZHe ages with very short lag times, signals the accumulation of sediment derived from the rapidly exhuming Pyrenean thrust sheets. While ZHe ages from the Corçà Formation are fully reset, zircon fission track (ZFT) ages preserve older inherited cooling ages, bracketing the exhumation level within the thrust sheets to ca. 6–8 km in the Early Eocene. These DZ ZHe ages yield exhumation rate estimates of ca. 0.03 km/Myr during the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene for the Ebro Massif and ca. 0.2–0.4 km/Myr during the Eocene for the eastern Pyrenees.
Optimal wound closure techniques for thyroid and parathyroid surgery: A systematic review of cosmetic outcomes
Authors: Lee Kristina , Ward Nicholas , Oremule Babatunde , Mani Navin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesCosmesis after surgical wound closure is an important outcome. This is relevant after thyroid and parathyroid surgery as anterior neck scars are visible and often of concern to patients. We aimed to investigate whether wound closure method influences cosmetic outcome in thyroid and parathyroid surgery, in particular using sutures, staples, steri‐strips and glue.DesignWe performed a systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane focusing on wound cosmesis following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Searches were conducted using combinations of the search terms: thyroid/parathyroid surgery, wound/skin closure and suture, staples, clips, glue and steri‐strips, using appropriate MESH terms and Boolean operators.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was wound cosmesis. Secondary measures were also extracted.ResultsInitial search found 304 papers and after systematic review, a total of 10 studies compared different closure methods and cosmetic outcomes. There were nine randomised controlled trials and one cohort study, with a total of 712 patients. Three studies compared staples vs glue; three compared sutures vs clips; two compared suture vs steri‐strips and two studies for suture vs glue. In general, short‐term cosmesis was better with subcuticular sutures compared to glue or clips, long‐term cosmetic outcomes were not influenced by closure method.ConclusionsWe found closure with subcuticular suture or steri‐strips produced superior short‐term cosmetic outcomes. Although long‐term cosmetic outcome is not influenced by closure method, given the superior cosmetic outcome and advantage of not needing removal, we recommend subcuticular sutures should be performed for wound closure in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Thinking about multiple identities boosts children’s flexible thinking
Authors: Gaither Sarah E. , Fan Samantha P. , Kinzler Katherine D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies of children's developing social identification often focus on individual forms of identity. Yet, everyone has multiple potential identities. Here we investigated whether making children aware of their multifaceted identities—effectively seeing themselves from multiple angles—would promote their flexible thinking. In Experiment 1, 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children (N = 48) were assigned to either a Multiple‐Identities condition where they were led to consider their multiple identities (e.g. friend, neighbor) or to a Physical‐Traits condition where they considered their multiple physical attributes (e.g. legs, arms). Children in the Multiple‐Identity condition subsequently expressed greater flexibility at problem‐solving and categorization than children in the Physical‐Traits condition. Experiment 2 (N = 72) replicated these findings with a new sample of 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children and demonstrated that a Multiple‐Identity mindset must be self‐relevant. Children who were led to think about another child's multiple identities did not express as much subsequent creative thinking as did children who thought about their own multiple identities. Experiment 3 (N = 76) showed that a Mmultiple‐Identity framework may be particularly effective when the identities are presented via generic language suggesting that they are enduring traits (in this case, identities depicted as noun phrases rather than verbal phrases). These findings illustrate that something as simple as thinking about one's identity from multiple angles could serve as a tool to help reduce rigid thinking, which might increase open‐mindedness in a society that is becoming increasingly diverse.
Developing global champions: Why national oil companies expand abroad
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNational oil companies (NOCs) have invested hundreds of billions of dollars in foreign oil and gas assets. Why have some governments increased their NOC outward investments, while others have not? I argue that domestic structures can influence a government's calculus that potential benefits, such as added revenues and fuel supply, outweigh potential costs, such as information asymmetries and inefficiencies associated with NOCs. Nationally, partisan competition limits democratic tolerance for failures by NOCs. Bureaucratically, overlapping authority in energy policy undermines coherent NOC governance. Based on investments by NOCs hailing from 79 countries, 2000–2013, I find robust evidence for the national hypothesis.