bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-Saving Environmental Projects: approaches to evaluation and results of environmental impact
Authors: Plyaskina Nina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to reducing environmental damage to the environment throughout the country. Over the past twenty years, Public Joint-Stock Company “Gazprom” has been working on the implementation of environmental projects for the transfer of motor vehicles to alternative motor fuels. The report suggests a toolkit for assessing the impact of energy saving projects on the environment, based on the adaptation of the input-output model for the fuel and energy complex. The model is based on the assumption that the main amount of greenhouse gas emissions is produced by burning fossil fuels. As an indicator for estimation of environmental efficiency of the projects has proposed the coefficient of carbon intensity - the amount of carbon dioxide released per unit of the final product of the industry. This ratio reflects the impact of industries on the environment. The advantage of the input-output model is the opportunity to conduct a comparative analysis of the environmental load of industries on the environment and to determine the multiplicative effect of implementing energy-saving projects.
Kinetic model of ignition and combustion of finely-disperse coal-water fuel
Authors: Shhinnikov P A , Ovchinnikov Ju V , Franceva A A , Bojko E E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article proposes a model of the process of ignition and combustion of fine water-coal fuel (FWCF) in a cyclone primary furnace. The model is intended to form an engineering approach to calculating the composition and quantity of combustion products of the FWCF and the definition of the structural and layout characteristics of the actual cyclone primary furnace. Approximation of process modeling is determined by the following assumptions: the quasistationarity of the processes; the constancy of heat capacities and heat transfer coefficients at an average process temperature; isothermal fuel particles; representation of fuel particles in the form of a water-coal drop of a given size; inertness of ash components; record keeping of the determining chemical reactions of interaction with the oxidizing agent; one-dimensional flow. This approach allows to carry out an analytical analysis of the process and to obtain final expressions suitable for engineering calculations.
Detection of Cordycepin Using Indicator Displacement Assay of Cucurbit [7] Uril and Environmentally Sensitive Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Dewantari Arinta Agnie , Nakprach Tanapat , Wongkongkatep Jirarut 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Ophiocordyceps and Cordyceps spp. are some of the most popular Chinese herbs because of their bioactive compounds, for example cordycepin that has many pharmacological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-microbes, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator. The abundant supply of products in the market has different variations in purity and quality, so the rapid and simple quantitative analysis method to access the quality of Ophiocordyceps and Cordyceps products is urgently required. Indicator displacement assay (IDA) using environmentally sensitive fluorescence (FL) dye can be used for quantitative analysis of the target compound. The concept of this assay is replacing the FL dye in the receptor-dye inclusion complex by the analyte. In this study, screening of host series, such as cucurbits[n]uril (CB[n]) and cyclodextrins as well as the finding of the suitable environmental sensitive FL dyes i.e. esculetin, cascade yellow, nonyl acridine orange (NAO), berberine, and 2-p-toluidinyl naphthalene-6-sulphonate (2,6-TNS) were performed. The FL emission of esculetin, cascade yellow, and NAO either decreased or increased slightly upon addition of all hosts mentioned above. Among FL dyes tested, berberine and 2,6-TNS participated in the inclusion complex with CB7 as suggested by the approximately 500-fold and 4-fold FL increment observed when CB7 was added respectively. Cordycepin showed the highest displacement ability when it was titrated with an inclusion complex of berberine/CB7 and 2,6-TNS/CB7 in pH 4.0. Moreover, in the selectivity assay, cordycepin performed the distinguished displacement ability among the other compounds, suggesting about the high potential for using IDA method as a rapid and simple quality assessment of commercial Ophiocordyceps and Cordyceps product.
Mercury (Hg) Contents Analysis in Sediments at Some River Estuaries in Kayeli Bay Buru Island
Authors: Mariwy Abraham , Male Yusthinus T. , Manuhutu Julita B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since 2011, a considerable gold deposit was found at several locations on Buru islands, such as Botak Mountain, Gogorea, and Nona Mountain. These attracted thousands of illegal miners who used amalgamation techniques in traditional gold processing. In practicing, the mercury-containing tailings were then stored in a container or directly discharged into the river, potentially polluting the waters of Kayeli Bay as well as all fishery resources in it. This was of course worrisome because mercury (Hg) was a very toxic heavy metal and could poison humans through the food chain. This study was conducted to analyze mercury levels in sediments some river estuaries in the bay Kayeli. The mercury contented the sample was performed using a mercury analyzer. The results showed that mercury in Suket river was 1.62 mg/kg, Wailata river was 8.27 mg/kg, Anahoni river 4.99 mg/kg while Waiapu river was 0.53 mg/kg. These results indicated that sediment at the mouth of several rivers in the Kayeli Bay has been contaminated with mercury, even far beyond the standard set by the US EPA of 0.2 mg/kg.
Biorecovery of chitin from shrimp shell waste (Litopenaeus vanamme) using fermentation and co-fermentation of L.plantarum and B.thuringiensis
Authors: Rosmawati Angelina , Rumhayati Barlah , Srihardyastutie Arie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Litopenaeus vanamme shrimp shell waste, which is abundantly available in Indonesia, could be optimally utilized through chitin extraction. The high-temperature chemical process is a fast and simple conventional method for extracting chitin. However, for economical and environmentally friendly process, it need a green extraction method through bacterial fermentation. Therefore in this research, biological process was carried out through Litopenaeus vanamme shrimp shell fermentation using various bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum (A), Bacillus thuringiensis (B), and the combination of both bacteria (C) compared to chemical method (D). The yield of method A, B, C and D were: 80.67±0.43%; 71.25±0.45%; 63.91±1.20%; and 31.46±0.06% respectively. Co-fermentation method (method C) resulting in brighter color, higher deproteination and demineralization degree than single-fermentation methods (method A and B). The deproteination and demineralization degree of method A; B; C; D were: 28.51±0.69%, 17.41±0.89%; 47.71±1.01%, 15.08±0.36%; 50.29±1.14%, 34.33±1.04%; and 85.17±0.10%, 50.13 ± 0.72% respectively. Chitin produced from biological and chemical method had total nitrogen less than 7%. Based on the calculations through FTIR data, chitin from biological method resulted in higher degree of acetylation than chemical method. The higher the degree of acetylation obtained, the less the polymer is degraded which can preserve chitin structure.
Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Crude Palm Oil Industry in Kampar Regency of Riau Province
Authors: Sasmita A. , Lestari W. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Riau is one of the provinces that has the most palm oil mill in Indonesia. The palm oil mill activities produce carbon dioxide emissions from it processes. This study aims to calculate carbon dioxide emissions from the palm oil mill and plan it mitigation efforts. This research was conducted at one of the palm oil processing plants in Kampar district, Riau Province. Palm oil mill utilizes biomass in the form of fibers and shells of palm fruit as boiler fuel to generate electricity, in addition from the use of generator sets. The palm oil mill produces liquid waste. In the process of transporting palm fruit from the garden to the factory, it also produces emissions from transportation. The results of this study showed that carbon dioxide emissions from palm oil mill amounted to 709,436.87 ton CO2 eq/year. The mitigation efforts that can be carried out are by catching methane gas produced from the process of treating liquid waste and turning it into electricity. The electricity generated would meet the energy needs of the plant so that it could eliminate the use of boilers and generator set, eventually the carbon dioxide emissions produced from palm oil mill can be reduced by 99.23%.
In Vitro Gas and Methane Production from Fermented Rice Straw using Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Inoculant
Authors: Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Dyah Larasati Tri Retno , Mulyana Nana , Wahyono Teguh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Livestock, as part of agriculture sector, has contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission especially on methane (CH4) compounds. Methane emission represent energy losses in form of gas reflecting low feed efficiency. Rice straw is a source commonly used as animal roughage. The quality of rice straw could be improved by fermentation treatment. This study investigated effects of fermentation using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride inoculant on in vitro gas and methane emission from rice straw. The rice straw was fermented in three weeks. This experiment consisted of four treatments and three replications being: (1) C (control, fermented rice straw with no inoculant), (2) TV (fermented rice straw using T. viride inoculant), (3) PC (fermented rice straw using P. chrysosporium inoculant), (4) TVPC (fermented rice straw using T. viride and P. chrysosporium inoculant). This research was arranged into a completely randomized block design. Results showed that TVPC treatment produced the lowest lignin content (p<0.05). TVPC treatment also produced the highest glucose compound by 1.70 mg/g (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no difference between all treatments in in vitro total gas and optimum gas (a+b) production. However, adding T. viride combination with P. chrysosporium in fermented process could decrease methane gas production (P<0.01). Results demonstrate that adding T. viride and P. chrysosporium inoculant in fermented process could increase the efficiency of rice straw as ruminant’s feed. This was represent in the low methane production and could reduce a part of GHG emission from enteric fermentation.
The Effect of Fitosan Supplementation on Methane Production in Cow’s Rumen Liquid by In Vitro Method
Authors: Sugoro I , Nuryanthi N , Ermadevi D N I , Khoiriyah M , Santoso N A , Mangunwardoyo W , Darwis D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Methane is one of greenhouse emission gas causing climatic change and global warming. The biggest source of methane comes from the livestock sector. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fitosan on methane production by using in vitro method. Before the in vitro test, the antimicrobial test of fitosan was measured by looking at the clear zone of the media containing bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). In vitro method should be done by adding fitosan (0,15 mL, 0,3 mL, and 0,6 mL/30 mL media) and grass field powder into cow’s rumen liquid. Based on the results, fitosan has an antimicrobial ability to decrease the microbial activities both of Gram-positive or Gram-negative. Testing with the in vitro method showed that fitosan have the potency to reduce methane gas production about 23.34 – 31.85% compared to controls (without fitosan). The best treatment is treatment with the addition of fitosan with concentration of 0.6 mL per 30 mL of rumen fluid.
Effect of Column Length in Batch Vacuum Fractionation on The Distribution of Major Components of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon winterianus)
Authors: Warsito  , Cahyani Chandrawati , Sukardi  , Cahayo Mafud 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the performance of a vacuum fractionation column length for fractions composition of major components of citronella essential oil. This study used column lengths of 1 m and 2 m. The column packing raschig ring-shaped cylinder with height 1.8 cm and diameter 1.5 cm. The column is filled as much as 75% of the length of the column. Fractions from column top, middle and residue were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components of citronella oil were citronellal (31.63%), citronellol (17.62%) and geraniol (10.92%). The use of 2 m packaging column length in batch vacuum fractionation distillation produced highest citronella content was (88.43%) on top fraction. The highest citronellol content were (24.48%) and (32.17%) in the middle fractions column for 1 m and 2 m column lengths respectively, while the highest geraniol was 58.26% and 37.76% in the middle and residue fraction for 2 m column length, respectively.
Adsorption of Zinc(II) onto Zn(II)-Ionic Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Wirawan Teguh , Supriyanto Ganden , Soegianto Agoes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A new Zn(II)-ionic imprinted polymer via precipitation polymerization using 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) as a ligand, methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker has been prepared. The benzoyl peroxide and ethanol/acetonitrile (2:1) mixture were used as initiator and porogen, respectively. The template Zn(II) ion was removed from the polymer by leaching with a solution of 1 M HNO3. The experimental parameters for adsorption, such as pH of a solution, contact time, and initial zinc concentration, have been optimized. The optimum conditions of zinc adsorption onto the ionic imprinted polymer (IIP) was at pH 5.5 and contact time 15 min. The equilibrium data could be better described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of IIP was 20.833 mg/g.
Photodetector Characterization Based on DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)
Authors: Maulana Eka , Ayuningtya Dewi Nur , Masruroh  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A photodetector performance as a light sensor based on the design and material of DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) has been characterized. Oxide Semiconductor nanoparticle of TiO2 and extracted natural dye are used to absorb and convert incident photon to electric energy using a sandwich structure of 1.5 x 1.5 cm2 active area. The sensor materials were used include TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) glass as substrate, electrolyte solution and carbon. Method of TiO2 deposition to the TCO glass substrate is spin coating and firing at 1,500 rpm and 450 °C, respectively. Natural dye was extracted from green algae by a different variation of solution concentration according to the ratio of mass and volume. The chlorophyll absorbance was investigated by spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 300-800 nm. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is used to observe TiO2-coated TCO glass morphology. Fabricated sensors are characterized according to the electrical parameters of voltage and current towards light illuminance from the light source. This natural dye-based optical photodetector performance has been analysed to obtain linearity, sensitivity, uncertainty error, and other electrical transient response characteristics. The result of extracted chlorophyte absorbance shows a wavelength peak at 580 to 680 nm with different intensity; it indicates the visible light absorbance spectra occurred. Sensor measurement using light illumination up to 30,000 lux produces the highest rated voltage of 626.4 mV and current 78,7 (µA) at the ratio of 6:5 (m:v) solution. This sensor has a voltage sensitivity of 1,0875 mV/10lux and the current sensitivity of 0.0024 µA/lux. The voltage and current uncertainty error are 0.36% and 0.481%, respectively.
Determination of Formaldehyde in Tofu by Sequential Injection Analysis Using Acetoacetanilide as Hantzsch Reaction Reagent
Authors: Nabila Rista , Sulistyarti Hermin , Wisang Yohanna Felisita , Sabarudin Akhmad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Formaldehyde is a toxic and dangerous compound that is still often used freely by irresponsible traders or producers as food additives. At low concentrations, formaldehyde can cause eye, nose, throat and skin irritations. Exposure to large amounts of formaldehyde can cause severe pain, vomiting, coma, and even death. According to the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), the threshold for formaldehyde in food that can still be tolerated in adult bodies is 1.5 mg to 14 mg per day while in a drinking water is 0.1 ppm. Determination of formaldehyde generally employ a titration method, which requires a large amount of sample and reagent, and long analysis time. This work aims to determine the formaldehyde in tofu commercially available in traditional markets of Malang City by Sequential Injection Analysis method using acetoacetanilide (AAA) at optimum conditions. Determination of formaldehyde is based on the Hantzsch reaction, which involves a cyclization between AAA and formaldehyde in the presence of ammonia so that it will produce a yellow dihydropyridine derivative product detected at a wavelength of 359 nm. The optimum condition for the formation of the reaction product occurred at an AAA concentration of 0.03 M, an ammonium acetate concentration of 1.5 M, a reaction time of 50 s and a flow rate of 75 µL/s. Excellent sensitivity and accuracy could be attributed to our developed formaldehyde detection method as the detection limit of 4.5 ppb and the recovery values of > 95 were achieved. Low reagent consumption, less waste production, and high throughput analysis are other advantages of our proposed method.
Dynamic Analysis of a Tumor Treatment Model Using Oncolytic Virus and Chemotherapy with Saturated Infection Rate
Authors: Ontah Glorya Marseli , Trisilowati  , Darti Isnani 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Virotherapy is one of the most promising therapies in the treatment of tumors which may be further combined with chemotherapy to accelerate the healing rate. In this article, we propose a mathematical model for the treatment of tumors using oncolytic virus and chemotherapy. This model takes the form of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the interactions between uninfected tumor cells, infected tumor cells, an oncolytic virus, and chemotherapy. It is assumed that the rate of infection between uninfected tumor cells and infected tumor cells is in a saturated form. The saturation effect takes into account the fact that the number of contacts between them reaches the maximum value when the immune system works to stop the virus. The dynamical analysis, which includes the existence of equilibrium points, and its stability analysis is investigated. The analysis result shows that the system has three equilibrium points: tumor-free equilibrium point, virus-free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point. It is proven that these equilibrium points are conditionally stable. The numerical simulations show the successful combination of chemotherapy and virotherapy using an oncolytic virus in eliminating the tumor cells.
Microfluidic Paper based Analytical Device (µpads) for Analysis of Benzoat Acid in Packaged Beverages
Authors: Sari M I , Andayani Ulfa , Anneke  , Andini  , Sabarudin Akhmad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (μPADs) are a simple analytical platform that satisfy combination of low cost, portability, and ease-to-use with selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. In this experiment, the μPADs devices are prepared using a chromatographic paper and designed at appropriate pattern prior to printing by mean of a solid ink (wax) printer to produce hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. Then, the μPADs are heated at 120°C for 3 min to allow a wax penetrates in the both side of a paper. The resulted μPADs are used for the detection of benzoic acid through alkalimetry principle. For this purpose, the devices are implanted with 5M NaOH in the detection zone and a 2% phenolphthalein indicator in the sample zone before dried in open air. When the devices have dried, the μPADs are ready to be used to detect benzoic acid. To avoid color interferences, the samples are distilled before introduced to the sample zone for quantitative detection. The result soft the color changes can be immediately seen by naked eye, and their intensities are quantified by the Image J software. Excellent linearity is achieved in the range of benzoic acid concentration of 20-120 ppm with the linear equation of Y = 0.0102 x + 0.0077 and the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9999. The optimized μPADs devices are successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of benzoic acid in the 5 kinds of commercially packaged beverages. There is no significantly different of the analytical results obtained by the µPADs in comparison to the spectrophotometric method. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicate that the μPADs devices are a reliable tool for high throughout and on-site determination of benzoic acid content in commercial drinks.
Electrical Transport and magnetoresistance properties of La0.8Ca0.2-xAgxMnO3 (x = 0 and 0.05)
Authors: Razaq Dhawud Sabilur , Kurniawan Budhy , Imaddudin Agung , Sahara Nabila Aisyah , Munazat Dicky Rezky 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A systematic investigation of electrical transport and magnetoresistance properties of polycrystalline La0.8Ca0.2-xAgxMnO3 (x = 0 and 0.05) is reported in this work. According to the resistivity data measured from 40 to 250 K, transition from metallic to insulator behavior upon heating were observed in both samples. Additionally, 5% silver substitution shifts the metal-semiconductor transition into a higher temperature. Furthermore, silver substitution also decreases the overall temperature compared to the original compound. In this work, this result can be well described using electron-electron, electron-phonon, and the interaction between electron, phonon, and magnon. Resistivity measurements under magnetic field influence shows that silver substitution improves the magnetoresistance properties compared to the original compound. The maximum ratio of magnetoresistance at 285 K was found to be 3.3% and 4.7% for x = 0 and 0.05, respectively.
Literal self-deception
Authors: Jordan Maiya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is widely assumed that a literal understanding of someone’s self-deception that p yields the following contradiction. Qua self-deceiver, she does not believe that p, yet – qua self-deceived – she does believe that p. I argue that this assumption is ill-founded. Literalism about self-deception – the view that self-deceivers literally self-deceive – is not committed to this contradiction. On the contrary, properly understood, literalism (non-trivially) excludes it.