bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online transparency and corporate governance in Spanish governmental agencies
Authors: Pina Vicente , Torres Lourdes 
Published: July 2019

PurposeOnline transparency has become a tool to increase legitimacy and trust in governments. The purpose of this paper is to study the online transparency of Spanish Central Government agencies and analyze whether their corporate governance (CG) structures influence their online transparency.Design/methodology/approachThe information used for building an online transparency index and about the board of directors has been collected from the websites of the 168 agencies and from their statutes and activity reports. Ordinary least squares analysis is used. Based on a previous literature review and the requirements of the EU Directive and Spanish legislation, 108 items included in the websites have been analyzed.FindingsThe average information displayed through the website agencies is significantly less than the information considered as relevant in previous literature and in the Spanish legislation. The highest values are presented by the technical dimensions and the lowest by the organizational/political dimension. The presence of independent directors and women on the boards of directors are revealed as the most important explanatory factors of online transparency.Practical implicationsPractical implications to improve online transparency are related to the organizational/political dimension – including the positions and CVs of members of governing bodies, minutes, etc. and to the presence of independent directors and, to a lesser extent, of women, on the board of directors.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is the identification of some online transparency determinants in public entities under the same general legal framework. This is the first paper that analyzes the relationship between online transparency and CG in public agencies.
Risk management committee and risk management disclosure: evidence from Australia
Authors: Jia Jing , Li Zhongtian , Munro Lois 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between risk management committees (RMCs) and risk management disclosure (RMD) quality. Specifically, the existence of stand-alone RMCs and a number of RMC characteristics, including RMC size, RMC independence, number of RMC meetings and RMC members’ human capital is investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises top 100 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed companies during the period between 2010 and 2012, when RMD began to be guided by detailed recommendations in Australia. Following the RMD framework used by Jia et al. (2016), RMD quality is measured based on its quantity, relevance, width and depth. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to test the relationship between stand-alone RMC, RMC characteristics and RMD quality.FindingsThe results show that the existence of a stand-alone RMC, the human capital of RMC and RMC size are positively associated with RMD quality. In contrast, RMC independence and the number of RMC meetings are not found to have a significant association with RMD quality.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the current RMD literature by investigating whether a stand-alone RMC and different RMC characteristics are associated with RMD quality. The results of this study provide useful and new empirical evidence about the relationship between RMCs and RMD quality for researchers, companies, and regulators.
Family conflict and adolescent compulsive buying behavior
Authors: Roberts James A. , Pullig Chris , David Meredith 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of materialism and self-esteem in explaining how family conflict leads to adolescent compulsive buying. Despite the importance of family as a primary socialization agent, scant research has focused on how family conflict impacts adolescents’ attitudes and behaviors as consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 1,289 adolescents was conducted in a public high school in the Midwestern USA. Regression analyses were used to assess the mediating roles of materialism and self-esteem on the relationship between family conflict and compulsive buying. Additionally, gender was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between family conflict and the two mediating variables.

Findings
Results showed that family conflict increased adolescent materialism and lowered self-esteem. Gender moderated the relationship between family conflict and self-esteem with a more pronounced effect for females than males. Materialism and self-esteem were significantly related to compulsive buying. Family conflict had a significant indirect effect on compulsive buying through materialism for females and through self-esteem for both male and female.

Research limitations/implications
Findings suggest that family conflict impacts compulsive buying through its impact on both materialism and self-esteem. Future research is needed to explain why adolescents use compulsive buying as a coping mechanism for family conflict. Then, whether such behavior leads to improved well-being.

Practical implications
Results suggest that adolescents use compulsive buying to cope with family conflict. The study’s focus on family conflict, not simply divorce, expands its implications to all households, intact or not.

Originality/value
This study created a new model of family conflict’s impact on adolescent consumers’ attitudes and behavior.
Secukinumab demonstrates superior efficacy and a faster response in clearing skin in Asian subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis compared with ustekinumab: Subgroup analysis from the CLEAR study
Authors: Lee Min‐Geol , Huang Yu‐Huei , Lee Joo‐Heung , Lee Seung‐Chul , Kim Tae‐Gyun , Aw Derrick Chen‐Wee , Bao Weibin , Dee Cathleen Michelle A. , Guana Adriana , Tsai Tsen‐Fang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 52‐week results from the CLEAR (NCT02074982) study showed high and superior efficacy of secukinumab versus ustekinumab in clearing skin and improving patient‐reported outcomes, with comparable safety profile in subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis. Here, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Asian subjects from the CLEAR study. In this double‐blind, phase IIIb study, eligible subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomized (1:1) to receive s.c. injection of secukinumab 300 mg or ustekinumab as per label. Of 62 subjects included in Asian subanalyses, 23 were randomized to secukinumab and 39 to ustekinumab. A significantly higher proportion of subjects achieved 90% or more improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) with secukinumab versus ustekinumab at week 16 (78.3% vs 35.9%, P = 0.0010) and at week 52 (60.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.0196). Similarly, a higher proportion of subjects achieved PASI 100 with secukinumab versus ustekinumab at week 16 (43.5% vs 10.3%, P = 0.0029) and at week 52 (30.4% vs 12.8%, P = 0.0704). The median time to achieve 50% improvement in baseline PASI was 2.8 weeks in the secukinumab group versus 6.3 weeks in the ustekinumab group. The safety profile of secukinumab was in line with the known profile and no deaths occurred. Overall, 95.7% and 84.6% of subjects remained on secukinumab and ustekinumab, respectively. Similar to the core study, secukinumab showed sustained and superior efficacy with faster response versus ustekinumab, and no new or unexpected safety concerns were identified, in Asian subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Bee diversity in tallgrass prairies affected by management and its effects on above‐ and below‐ground resources
Authors: Buckles Brittany J. , Harmon‐Threatt Alexandra N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Habitat management methods are crucial to maintaining habitats in the long term and ensuring vital resources are available for declining species. However, when management focuses on a single resource there is the potential to reduce or degrade other critical resources and negatively affect species of concern. Although both floral and nesting resources are critical to supporting bee populations, little consideration is given to the availability of nesting resources. Given known effects of management methods on soils, where the majority of bees nest, and floral food resources, increasing our understanding of management effects on both soils and floral resources is important to improving bee conservation efforts.

In 20 tallgrass prairie plots managed under 1 of 3 common methods: burning, haying and patch‐burn grazing, we assessed effects on bee communities and necessary above‐ and below‐ground resources. We also considered how management and resources affected below‐ground nesting in each prairie.

Management type affected both soil conditions and floral resources with patch‐burn grazing sites providing overall worse resources for bees compared to ungrazed sites. Soil conditions were also important for predicting most aspects of the bee community including abundance and community composition. Soil conditions also decreased floral richness and Floristic Quality Index (FQI). This suggests management affects bee communities both directly and indirectly through soil.

Increased nesting was observed in sites with greater floral abundance and soil conditions that correspond to increased bare ground, lower soil moisture and warmer soil temperatures suggesting management that helps increase floral abundance and improve soil conditions could be critical to increasing bee nesting.

Synthesis and applications. Measuring and tracking bare ground, Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and floral richness may help managers determine if their management methods are adversely affecting bees. Grazing and haying management negatively affected the bee community, vital nesting and floral resources and nesting rate. These managements may need to be avoided to meet bee conservation goals in prairies. Additionally, while soils have been largely overlooked, we found soil conditions to be an important predictor for bee communities and floral resources, and should be considered more explicitly in conserved areas.
When Is the Client King? Evidence from Affiliated‐Analyst Recommendations in China's Split‐Share Reform
Authors: Chan Kam C. , Jiang Xuanyu , Wu Donghui , Xu Nianhang , Zeng Hong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTChina's split‐share reform of 2005 (the Reform) converts the previously restricted shares held by founding shareholders to shares tradable on the open market. Against this backdrop, we study how underwriter‐affiliated analysts and firms' large shareholders interact in the event of the latter's sales of restricted shares. We document that recommendations made by affiliated analysts are significantly more optimistic when firms' large shareholders plan to sell their restricted shares. This optimism, however, is associated with negative post‐sale stock returns, suggesting large shareholders profit from share sales. Furthermore, large shareholders sell more restricted shares through the affiliated brokerages for which analysts have issued more optimistic recommendations and firms under their control are more likely to appoint such brokerages as lead underwriters when they refinance in the future. The affiliated analysts also conduct more site visits to the firms after the share sales, thereby improving their earnings‐forecast accuracy. Our analysis shows how conflicts of interest by financial intermediaries arise following the Reform and lead to large shareholders' extraction of rents from public investors.
The use of mifepristone for medical abortion
Authors:   RANZCOG Women’s Health Committee
Published: July 2019

Objectives:To provide advice on the use of mifepristone for medical abortion.Target audience:All health professionals providing gynaecological care, and patients.Values:The evidence was reviewed by the Women's Health Committee RANZCOG, and applied to local factors relating to Australia and New Zealand.Background:This statement was first developed by Women's Health Committee in November 2007 and reviewed in March 2019.Funding:The development and review of this statement was funded by RANZCOG.
Effectiveness of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for glaucomatous eyes with low intraocular pressure on treatment eye drops
Authors: Yuasa Yuki , Sugimoto Yosuke , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Ohkubo Shinji , Higashide Tomomi , Sugiyama Kazuhisa , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the efficacy and safety of current trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in Japan for glaucomatous eyes with low intraocular pressure (IOP).MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐four eyes of 294 patients with IOP ≤21 mmHg before surgery were studied; all patients were participants in the Collaborative Bleb‐related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study (CBIITS), a multicentre, prospective, cohort study conducted at 34 ophthalmological institutions throughout Japan. All eyes had an intraocular pressure ≤ 21 mmHg and had undergone trabeculectomy alone or phacotrabeculectomy. Two success criteria were used: Criterion A comprised 20% reduction of baseline IOP and Criterion B comprised 30% reduction of baseline IOP. The primary outcome was the success rate for each of these criteria.ResultsThe qualified success rates were 87.3% for Criterion A and 42.0% for Criterion B at 5 years. Mean IOP was significantly reduced, from 16.7 ± 2.7 to 11.6 ± 4.0 mmHg at 5 years after trabeculectomy (p < 0.0001); the number of anti‐glaucoma medications significantly decreased from 2.7 ± 1.1 to 1.0 ± 1.2 (p < 0.0001) at 5 years after the surgery. Three or more trabeculectomies, and needling were related to increased risk of failure. Incidences of postoperative hyphema, infection, shallow anterior chamber and bleb leakage were 2.4%, 2.4%, 2.0% and 3.4%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed that trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective procedure with few surgical complications for reducing IOP in patients, even if preoperative IOP was within the normal range.
Body temperature control in rats by muscle tone during rest or sleep
Authors: Lømo Terje , Eken Torsten , Bekkestad Rein Erling , Njå Arild 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the role of tonic motor unit activity in body temperature control.MethodsMotor unit activity in soleus and several other skeletal muscles was recorded electromyographically from adult rats placed in a climate chamber on a load sensitive floor, which, together with video monitoring, allowed detection of every successive period of movement and no movement.ResultsIn the absence of movements during rest or sleep, motor unit activity was exclusively tonic and therefore equivalent to muscle tone as defined here. The amount of tonic activity increased linearly in the soleus as the ambient temperature decreased from 32°C to below 7°C, owing to progressive recruitment and increased firing rate of individual units. Brief movements occurred randomly and frequently during rest or sleep in association with brief facilitation or inhibition of motor neurons that turned tonic motor unit activity on or off, partitioning the tonic activity among the available motor units. Shivering first appeared when a falling ambient temperature reached ≤7°C in several muscles except soleus, which was as active between shivering bursts as during them.ConclusionMuscle tone and overt shivering are strikingly different phenomena. Tonic motor unit activity in the absence of movements evokes isometric contractions and, therefore, generates heat. Accordingly, when the amount of tonic activity increases with falling ambient temperature, so must heat production. Consequently, graded muscle tone appears as an important and independent mechanism for thermogenesis during rest or sleep at ambient temperatures ranging from <7°C to at least 32°C.
SHIPping out diabetes—Metformin, an old friend among new SHIP2 inhibitors
Authors: Lehtonen Sanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSHIP2 (Src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol 5′‐phosphatase 2) belongs to the family of 5′‐phosphatases. It regulates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐mediated insulin signalling cascade by dephosphorylating the 5′‐position of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2, suppressing the activity of the pathway. SHIP2 mouse models and genetic studies in human propose that increased expression or activity of SHIP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. This has raised great interest to identify SHIP2 inhibitors that could be used to design new treatments for metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the central mechanisms associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease, including the role of insulin resistance, and then moves on to describe the function of SHIP2 as a regulator of metabolism in mouse models. Finally, the identification of SHIP2 inhibitors and their effects on metabolic processes in vitro and in vivo are outlined. One of the newly identified SHIP2 inhibitors is metformin, the first‐line medication prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes, further boosting the attraction of SHIP2 as a treatment target to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
Forest amount, not structure, influences fruit removal of two pioneer species in Atlantic forest remnants
Authors: Cazetta Eliana , Ribeiro Diego S. A. , Cassano Camila Righetto , Faria Deborah , Dodonov Pavel , Baumgarten Julio E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFruit removal is a key component of the seed dispersal process with direct consequences for plant recruitment. Anthropogenic disturbances might affect removal rates by changing frugivore diversity and their behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of local forest structure and landscape context on fruit removal of two common pioneer species of Melastomataceae family, Clidemia capitellata and Henriettea succosa in 14 Atlantic forest sites. We evaluated local forest structure, measured as canopy openness and conspecific density, and the amount of forest cover at the landscape scale measured in 2000 m buffer radius. Our results showed that the landscape context was more important than local features to explain fruit removal. The percentage of fruits removed from both species sharply decreases with forest loss and increases again in highly deforested landscapes. We demonstrate changes in fruit removal due to forest loss and suggest that both Melastomataceae species rely on the absence of other plant species, and consequently, in a less competitive environment to increase fruit removal and seed dispersal.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Immune cell trafficking to the islets during type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sandor A M , Jacobelli J , Friedman R S 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInhibition of immune cell trafficking to the pancreatic islets during type 1 diabetes (T1D) has therapeutic potential, since targeting of T cell and B cell trafficking has been clinically effective in other autoimmune diseases. Trafficking to the islets is characterized by redundancy in adhesion molecule and chemokine usage, which has not enabled effective targeting to date. Additionally, cognate antigen is not consistently required for T cell entry into the islets throughout the progression of disease. However, myeloid cells are required to enable T cell and B cell entry into the islets, and may serve as a convergence point in the pathways controlling this process. In this review we describe current knowledge of the factors that mediate immune cell trafficking to pancreatic islets during T1D progression.
Transcriptomes in rat sciatic nerves at different stages of experimental autoimmune neuritis determined by RNA sequencing
Authors: Xue Y , Yin P , Li G , Zhong D 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized by acute immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy, which may result in rapidly progressive paralysis and fatal respiratory failure. As the underlying pathological mechanisms of GBS are unclear, we surveyed the transcriptome of rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model of GBS. Briefly, sciatic nerves on both sides were collected from 8–10-week-old Lewis rats during early (10 days post-induction), peak (19 days) and late neuritis (30 days). Total RNA was sequenced to identify differentially expressed genes. Compared to control rats without induced neuritis, 33 genes were differentially expressed in the early phase (14 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated), with an adjusted P-value &lt; 0·05 and |log2 fold-change| &gt;1, as were 137 genes in the peak phase (126 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) and 60 genes in the late phase (58 up-regulated and two down-regulated). Eleven of these genes were common to all stages, suggesting their crucial roles throughout the disease course. Analysis of protein–protein interactions revealed Fos, Ccl2, Itgax and C3 as node genes at different stages. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes identified biological processes and pathways that are activated as neuritis progresses. This is the first genomewide gene expression study of peripheral nerves in experimental autoimmune neuritis model. Dynamic gene expression and significantly altered biological functions were detected in different phases of the disease, increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying EAN and highlighting potential targets for its diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation and application of donors with primary central nervous system tumors
Authors: Wu Ji‐Hua , Qiao Peng‐Fei , Sun Xu‐Yong , Dong Jian‐Hui , Liao Ji‐Xiang , Liu Xu‐Yang , Gao Zhao , Lan Liu‐Gen , Li Hai‐Bin , Su Qing‐Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the safety of donors with primary central nervous system tumors for kidney and liver transplantations.MethodologyClinical data of 29 donors with primary CNS tumors in January 2007 to December 2017, as well as the follow‐up data of 16 liver transplant recipients and 46 kidney transplant recipients, were analyzed. According to the risk factors, the high‐risk group was classified as Group 1, the low‐risk factors were classified as Group 2, and the unknown risk group was classified as Group 3. The incidence of donor‐transmitted CNS tumors was calculated and compared.ResultsThe duration from the diagnosis of 29 donors to donation was 5.67 ± 6.36 months. None of the liver and kidney transplant recipients who were followed up had tumor metastasis. Although the mean survival time of Group 1 was lower than that of Group 2 and Group 3, the Kaplan‐Meier curve showed no significant difference in survival time.ConclusionNo obvious difference was observed between high‐risk and low‐risk and unknown risk CNS tumors in terms of the survival rate of transplants and tumor metastasis rate. High‐risk CNS tumor donors can be used with the informed consent of recipients after a full evaluation.
Gabapentin for pain, movement disorders, and irritability in neonates and infants
Authors: Burnsed Jennifer C , Heinan Kristen , Letzkus Lisa , Zanelli Santina 
Published: July 2019

We aimed to report our institution's experience with gabapentin therapy to manage agitation and pain in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. This was a retrospective, single‐center study of NICU patients admitted between January 2015 and December 2017, who received gabapentin. Data on neonatal agitation, pain, Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N‐PASS) scores, neurosedative medications, and adverse events were collected. Gabapentin was initiated in 16 patients at a corrected gestational age of 44 weeks (range 36.2–75wks) for agitation (n=9), pain (n=6), and movement disorders (n=1). A neurological diagnosis was present in 13 patients. Neonatal agitation, pain, and N‐PASS scores and the need for other neurosedatives were significantly decreased 14 days after treatment initiation. Gabapentin is well tolerated in neonates and infants; it is associated with decreased pain scores and decreased need for multiple neurosedative medications 2 weeks after initiation.What this paper adds

Gabapentin is well tolerated in neonates and infants.

Gabapentin decreases pain scores and the need for other neurosedative medications in neonates and infants.