bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of lysine‐4 methylated histone H3 proteins using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Izumi Yudai , Matsuo Koichi , Namatame Hirofumi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report structural alterations of histone H3 proteins induced by lysine‐4 (K4) monomethylation, dimethylation, and trimethylation identified by using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy. Compared with unmethylated H3, monomethylation and dimethylation induced increases in α‐helix structures and decreases in β‐strand structures. In contrast, trimethylation decreased α‐helix content but increased β‐strand content. The structural differences among K4‐unmethylated/methylated H3 may allow epigenetic enzymes to discriminate the substrates both chemically and sterically.
Anomalous Pore‐Density Dependence in Nanofluidic Osmotic Power Generation
Authors: Su Jianjian , Ji Danyan , Tang Jialiang , Li Hao , Feng Yaping , Cao Liuxuan , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOsmotic power generation in biomimetic nanofluidic systems has attracted considerable research interest owing to the enhanced performance and long‐term stability. Towards practical applications, when extrapolating the materials from single‐nanopore to multi‐pore membranes, conventional viewpoint suggests that, to gain high electric power density, the porosity should be as high as possible. However, recent experimental observations show that the commonly‐used linear amplification method largely overestimates the actual performance, particularly at high pore density. Herein, we provide a theoretical investigation to understand the reason. We find a counterintuitive pore‐density dependence in high porosity nanofluidic systems that, once the pore density approaches more than 1×109 pores/cm2, the overall output electric power goes down with the increasing pore density. The excessively high pore density impairs the charge selectivity and induces strong ion concentration polarization, which undermines the osmotic power generation process. By optimizing the geometric size of the nanopores, the performance degradation can be effectively relieved. These findings clarify the origin of the unsatisfactory performance of the current osmotic nanofluidic power sources, and provide insights to further optimize the device.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of α‐Substituted Iminoesters with α‐Trifluoromethyl α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Xu Shan , Liu Bing , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Xu Bing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReported herein is an example of highly regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective Cu(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of α‐substituted iminoesters with α‐trifluoromethyl α,β‐unsaturated esters. This novel strategy provided a facile access to pyrrolidines with two skipped (aza)quaternary stereocenters including a CF3 all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter. A broad substrate scope was observed and high yields (up to 94%) with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to >20 : 1 d.r.) and enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) were obtained.
Solvent‐Responsive and Switchable Nanofiltration Membranes based on Hypercrosslinked Polymers with Permanent Porosity
Authors: Schute Kai , Jansen Felicitas , Rose Marcus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPorous organic framework materials such as hypercrosslinked polymers (HCP) show a high chemical stability and dynamic behavior in a variety of solvents while their pore properties exhibit great potential for mixed matrix membrane (MMM) applications. However, their influence as porous filler in MMMs, especially for applications in liquid‐phase filtration is still unexploited. Herein, we demonstrate an HCP‐based MMM for molecular separation in the liquid phase by nanofiltration (NF). Depending on the solvent, the membrane changes its fractional free volume by shrinking or swelling. In connection to that, the pore size is also influenced, hence, providing a tunable permeance and molecular cut‐off. The reduction of the pore volume and size directly correlates to the improvement of the NF performance, while the volume increase completely diminishes it. The extraordinary flexibility and high degree of crosslinking assure permanent porosity and render the dynamic behavior fully reversible. Thereby, a solvent‐responsive “on” and “off” switching of the NF properties is enabled and was experimentally proven. Overall, this provides alternative strategies regarding the fouling and regeneration of membranes as well as the inhibition of pore blocking in membrane‐derived processes by a tunable separation performance.
Auction‐based resource allocation mechanisms in the cloud environments: A review of the literature and reflection on future challenges
Authors: Sheikholeslami Fereshteh , Jafari Navimipour Nima 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCloud computing is an Internet‐based computing and networking model, with elasticity and scalability capabilities where the services are delivered to its users in a non‐demand style. In this computing paradigm, the request and response between users and providers must be managed using the resource allocation strategies. Therefore, allocating the provided resources to the users based on their needs is the important challenge in this environment. Also, an auction in the cloud is a process of buying and vending the cloud services by offering them up for bid and then selling the service to the highest bidder. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive and detailed paper about reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art mechanisms on this important topic and providing open issues as well. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive survey and review of the auction‐based resource allocation mechanisms, which have been employed in the cloud environments up to now. Also, we classified the important cloud resource allocation mechanisms into four categories: one‐sided, double‐sided, combinatorial, and other types of auction‐based mechanisms. Moreover, we reviewed the main progress in these four categories and defined the new issues. Finally, the paper offers the differences among reviewed mechanisms as well as guidelines for future investigation.
Cathodic Electrodeposition of Ni−Mo on Semiconducting NiFe2O4 for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wijten Jochem H. J. , Jong Ronald P. H. , Mul Guido , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhotocathodes for hydrogen evolution from water were made by electrodeposition of Ni−Mo layers on NiFe2O4 substrates, deposited by spin coating on F:SnO2‐glass. Analysis confirmed the formation of two separate layers, without significant reduction of NiFe2O4. Bare NiFe2O4 was found to be unstable under alkaline conditions during (photo)electrochemistry. To improve the stability significantly, the deposition of a bifunctional Ni−Mo layer through a facile electrodeposition process was performed and the composite electrodes showed stable operation for at least 1 h. Moreover, photocurrents up to −2.1 mA cm−2 at −0.3 V vs. RHE were obtained for Ni−Mo/NiFe2O4 under ambient conditions, showing that the new combination functions as both a stabilizing and catalytic layer for the photoelectrochemical evolution of hydrogen. The photoelectrochemical response of these composite electrodes decreased with increasing NiFe2O4 layer thickness. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the lifetime of excited states is short and on the ns timescale. An increase in lifetime was observed for NiFe2O4 of large layer thickness, likely explained by decreasing the defect density in the primary layer(s), as a result of repetitive annealing at elevated temperature. The photoelectrochemical and transient absorption spectroscopy results indicated that a short charge carrier lifetime limits the performance of Ni−Mo/NiFe2O4 photocathodes.
Outcomes of early parent‐child adrenocortical attunement in the high‐risk offspring of depressed parents
Authors: Merwin Stephanie M. , Barrios Chelsey , Smith Victoria C. , Lemay Edward P. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study examined the impact of parent‐child attunement of morning cortisol on parenting and child outcomes in dyads with and without parental depression. Participants included 142 parent‐child dyads (3–5 years‐old) who provided morning cortisol samples at Wave 1, and 98 dyads returned for the 3‐year follow‐up at Wave 2. Results indicated that for parents with a history of depression and for female children, stronger attunement predicted increases in parental hostility from Wave 1 to Wave 2. For females only, stronger attunement was related to children's depressive symptoms at Wave 1 and Wave 2. Stronger attunement was also associated with increases in children's depressive symptoms from Wave 1 to Wave 2, poorer psychosocial functioning at Wave 1, and ADHD symptoms at Wave 2. Findings highlight attunement as an important biological process related to parenting and child outcomes and suggest it may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of depression risk.
Thermal Equivalent Circuit of Peltier Device Considered Seebeck Effect and Driving Method Improving Cooling Efficiency of the Device
Authors: SEKIGUCHI RYO , LIU YUHAN , SANO YUJI 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYConventionally Peltier device has been controlled precisely by pulse driving current. In this study, it is shown that driving Peltier device by dc current controlled by pulse signal increases coefficient of performance (COP) of cooling system with reducing self‐heating in the device keeping accurate controlling. In practical application, the dc current driving can be achieved easily by connecting one electric condenser with large capacitance to the Peltier device in parallel. In results of analysis for electric circuit, the dc driving current reduced the self‐heating in the Peltier device to conventional calorific power multiplied by driving duty‐cycle value. Heat absorption rate in the Peltier device was increased by half of the reduction in the self‐heating. Furthermore, new thermal equivalent circuit of Peltier device with considering Seebeck effect is proposed to analyze COP accurately in this paper. It also analyzed COP of system driven by each current by using proposed thermal equivalent circuit. In result of experiment, it was possible to confirm that COP in cooling system using the dc driving current was increased than conventional system. In particular, the COP increased to equal or more than 2.01 times in less than 50% of driving duty cycle.
Integrating indigenous local knowledge and species distribution modeling to detect wildlife in Somaliland
Authors: Evangelista Paul H. , Mohamed Ahmed M. , Hussein Ibraham A. , Saied Abdinasir H. , Mohammed Abdikadir H. , Young Nicholas E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith wildlife populations in decline, understanding their distributions across the landscape are needed for management and conservation efforts, particularly in remote or hazardous regions. We used indigenous local knowledge to inform species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the distribution of 38 wildlife species historically documented in Somaliland, one of the most isolated, data‐poor regions in Africa. We conducted 195 interviews with agro‐pastoral men and women in 2016 and 2017 throughout Somaliland based on the environmental range captured by performing a Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface (MESS) analysis. Respondents were asked if each species (1) occurred in the vicinity, and if they did, (2) whether it was common, rare, extirpated, or unknown. We tested two commonly used SDMs, Maxent and boosted regression trees (BRTs), to map the potential distribution of wildlife using interview data. We present detailed case studies of two species of high conservation priority: cheetah (Acinonyc jubatus) and African wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis). More than half of the respondents reported the presence of 25 of the wildlife species in the survey. Additionally, we developed Maxent models for all surveyed wildlife known to develop a species richness map. The least reported species known to have inhabited Somaliland in recent decades were lion (Panthera leo), African wild ass, and Somali wild dog (Lycaon pictus somalicus). Surprisingly, 177 of respondents reported the presence of cheetah, which was presumed by many to be extirpated from Somaliland. Given the high number of reports, coupled with the BRT model results and evaluations, it may be that cheetahs persist throughout Somaliland. Unfortunately, our results also suggest that African wild ass may have been extirpated from Somaliland. Our models carry the uncertainties of the raw data, but provide habitat suitability maps to guide future targeted surveys. Our methods and results demonstrate that integrating indigenous local knowledge with SDMs may be an essential tool for the conservation of wildlife in data‐poor regions.
Behavioral response of white‐tailed deer to coyote predation risk
Authors: Gulsby William D. , Cherry Michael J. , Johnson James T. , Conner L. Mike , Miller Karl V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBehavioral responses of prey to predation risk can affect lower trophic levels. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter deer) increase vigilance in response to coyote (Canis latrans) presence, but vigilance responses to spatiotemporal variation in coyote abundance are unknown. Therefore, we examined the relationship between deer foraging behavior and coyote abundance on two 2000‐ha study areas in Georgia, USA, during 2010–2013. We used baited camera traps during fall and winter to quantify deer behavior (i.e., feeding or vigilant) and estimated coyote abundance using fecal genotyping to noninvasively mark and recapture individuals. During 2011 and 2012, coyote removals were implemented on each study area. Coyote abundance (i.e., predation risk) varied spatiotemporally and was a predictor of foraging behavior during at least one season for all sex‐age classes of deer except juveniles. Adult males were more sensitive to predation risk in winter, after the breeding season, whereas adult females were sensitive to predation risk during both seasons, but more so during fall when offspring are at greater risk. Yearling males were more sensitive to predation risk than adult males, and juveniles were least sensitive to predation risk, likely because of inexperience and high energetic demands. Reproductive chronology explained sex‐specific and seasonal antipredator responses to predation risk, but there was a non‐linear relationship between indirect predator effects and direct predation risk for some sex‐age classes. Our results suggest deer detect and respond behaviorally to variation in coyote abundance. Due to the widespread distribution of deer and their interactions at multiple trophic levels, the ecological implications of this finding may be wide‐reaching.
Occupancy and environmental responses of habitat specialists and generalists depend on dispersal traits
Authors: Kneitel Jamie M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEcologists have been interested in understanding communities through the lens of specialists and generalists to predict species diversity and distribution patterns and to ameliorate worldwide declines in specialist species. Dispersal traits are assumed to be associated with specialization (specialists are weaker dispersers than generalists), but dispersal modes can be variable within groups. Niche‐based predictions of occupancy and environmental responses were assessed using invertebrates from California vernal pools that were categorized by specialization (endemic or widespread taxa) and dispersal mode (passive or active dispersal). Data from a latitudinal gradient resulted in widespread taxa with greater percent occupancy than endemic taxa as predicted, but passive dispersers had greater occupancy than active dispersers in contrast to predictions. Endemic species and widespread‐active dispersers exhibited similar levels of specialization measured as coefficient of variation among treatments in a mesocosm experiment. This suggested that habitat choice was important, and these differences in specialization were scale dependent (generalists across habitat types and specialists within a habitat type). A negative correlation between latitudinal occupancy and level of specialization demonstrated how local‐scale responses and landscape patterns were related and depend on both specialization and dispersal traits. This study underscores how habitat heterogeneity and species traits, including specialization and dispersal, can interact to affect community patterns at different spatial scales.
Development of Flexible Piezoelectric Strain Sensor Array
Authors: YAMASHITA TAKAHIRO , TAKAMATSU SEIICHI , OKADA HIRONAO , ITOH TOSHIHIRO , KOBAYASHI TAKESHI 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a novel flexible sensor array manufacturing process that involves transfer printing methods using a chip mounter with a vacuum collet. We successfully transfer‐printed continuously very fragile microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)‐based 5‐mm‐long, 1‐mm‐wide, 5‐μm‐thick high‐aspect‐ratio ultrathin PZT (1.9 μm)/Si (3 μm) strain sensors onto a polyimide based flexible printed‐circuit (FPC) substrate with etched Cu wiring. Then, we connected the sensors to the Cu wiring by printing insulating and conductive pastes using a screen printer. The output voltage based on the deformation behavior of the test plate was generated from the flexible piezoelectric strain sensor array attached to the plate. Therefore, the developed piezoelectric sensor array is capable of easily performing the distribution measurement of the strain leading to damage such as cracks.
Applications of liquid‐based separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence
Authors: Moini Mehdi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the past few years, there has been a significant effort by the forensic science community to develop new scientific techniques for the analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic chemists have been spearheaded to develop information‐rich confirmatory technologies and techniques and apply them to a broad array of forensic challenges. The purpose of these confirmatory techniques is to provide alternatives to presumptive techniques that rely on data such as color changes, pattern matching, or retention time alone, which are prone to more false positives. To this end, the application of separation techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry has played an important role in the analysis of forensic evidence. Moreover, in the past few years the role of liquid separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectrometry, has gained significant tractions and have been applied to a wide range of chemicals, from small molecules such as drugs and explosives, to large molecules such as proteins. For example, proteomics and peptidomics have been used for identification of humans, organs, and bodily fluids. A wide range of HPLC techniques including reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction, mixed‐mode, supercritical fluid, multidimensional chromatography, and nanoLC, as well as several modes of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, including capillary zone electrophoresis, partial filling, full filling, and micellar electrokenetic chromatography have been applied to the analysis drugs, explosives, and questioned documents. In this article, we review recent (2015‐2017) applications of liquid separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence.
Marine control over negative power law scaling of mass wasting events in chalk sea cliffs with implications for future recession under the UKCP09 medium emission scenario
Authors: Gilham Jamie , Barlow John , Moore Roger 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoastal cliff erosion represents a significant geohazard for people and infrastructure. Forecasting future erosion rates is therefore of critical importance to ensuring the resiliency of coastal communities. We use high precision monitoring of chalk cliffs at Telscombe, UK to generate monthly mass movement inventories between August 2016 and July 2017. Frequency–magnitude analysis of our inventories demonstrate negative power law scaling over 7 orders of magnitude and, for the first time, we report statistically significant correlations between significant wave height (Hs) and power law scaling coefficients (r2 values of 0.497 and 0.590 for β and s respectively). Applying these relationships allows for a quantitative method to predict erosion at the site based on Hs probabilities and sea level forecasts derived from the UKCP09 medium emission climate model (A1B). Monte‐Carlo simulations indicate a range of possible erosion scenarios over 70 years (2020–2090) and we assess the impact these may have on the A259 coastal road which runs proximal to the cliffs. Results indicate a small acceleration in erosion compared with those based on current conditions with the most likely scenario at the site being 21.7 m of cliff recession by 2090. However, low‐probability events can result in recession an order of magnitude higher in some scenarios. In the absence of negative feedbacks, we estimate an ~11% chance that the A259 will be breached by coastal erosion by 2090. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoidance tests as a tool to detect sublethal effects of oil-impacted sediments
Authors: Szczybelski Ariadna S. , Kampen Tineke , Vromans Joris , Peeters Edwin T.H.M. , van den Heuvel-Greve Martine J. , van den Brink Nico W. , Koelmans Albert A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Currently, risk assessment for oil contamination does not consider behavioral responses of benthos to oil toxicity. Avoidance of oil-contaminated sediment by benthic amphipods, however, may be a highly sensitive endpoint for sublethal effects of commonly used distillate fuels. In the present study, the avoidance behavior of temperate freshwater (Gammarus pulex) and marine (Gammarus locusta) amphipods was tested by allowing them to choose between a reference sediment and a distillate marine grade A (DMA) oil-spiked sediment. Avoidance of DMA-spiked sediment at 1000 mg/kg dry weight was significant within the total exposure time (96 h) in G. pulex and within the first 72 h in G. locusta in 1 of 2 tests. Absence of DMA avoidance at lower concentrations (≤250 mg/kg dry wt) indicates that test species can only detect DMA above these concentrations. However, sensitivity to oil may vary according to the phenology and physiological conditions of the populations involved, such as the species temperature tolerance and reproductive stage. The results suggest that avoidance tests may be used as an alternative to traditional chronic toxicity tests provided that a causal link between avoidance and long-term effects can be established. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1757–1766. © 2018 SETAC