bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National Research System and Scientific Policy of France in XXI century: key areas and development trends
Authors: Kravtsov A. A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:the article is aimed at studying the present state and current trends in R&D activities of France in the context of French state scientific policy. For that purpose the French scientific policy’s main areas and instruments were analyzed, the principle shifts were highlighted. The transformation of the French scientific policy was examined and assessed.Methods:in the article there were used such methods as description, comparison, system principle, analytical approach and tabular method.Results:by research findings the course of the French scientific policy’s transformation under the EU influence was stipulated. The crucial, to the author’s mind, areas of the French scientific policy were defined. Some current development trends of the French R&D activities’ were stipulated.Conclusions and Relevance:it was proved that under the EU influence France is gradually shifting away from its traditional tough regulation of the national innovation system toward stimulating private innovations and developing R&D infrastructure. Among crucial areas and instruments of the French scientific policy there were: direct financing; providing tax reliefs; regionalization and clusterization; support of SMEs; development of universities’ research potential; stimulating cooperation between research institutions, just as between research institutions and industrial firms. Among crucial trends of change there were: R&D expenditures increase among universities and industrial companies, including fundamental research R&D; state research institutes’ R&D expenditures downfall in 2010 and their further stagnation; attempts to copy some US innovation development experience. It was shown that the reforms implemented, though get some increase of R&D activity of commercial firms, are not effective enough, according to some experts, because of bureaucratization and sometimes come down to creation of new bureaucratic institutions or their merging.
Increasing the "Productivity" of the Academic Sector and Ensuring Cooperation with the Large Corporate Sector in Japan
Authors: Kostyukova K. S. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:the main purpose of this article is to review the Japanese policy to promote cooperation between the academic and large corporate sectors in the field of science and technology, and to analyze its role in the formation of the innovation system in Japan.Methods:this article is based on the analysis of scientific and analytical materials on the problem of research. The factual basis is the framework documents of the Cabinet of Japan.Results:the article provides a brief retrospective review on the support policy for universities and large corporate sector cooperation, identifies the key factors for the establishment of intersectoral cooperation; identifies the problem areas of the implemented policy that hinder the achievement of the set goals. The relative failure of the applied measures in the sphere of venture business support, commercialization of technologies and other instruments was noted. The hypothesis is put forward about the insufficiency of government efforts to monitor and analyze the activities already implemented, the lack of practice of taking into account failures in the formation of new programs and projects. Also revealed contradictions between the support programs implemented through various government agencies, which also leads to the inefficiency of scientific and technological projects and the establishment of dialogue with the corporate sector, including the need to resolve bureaucratic disagreements. It is also necessary to emphasize, that Japanese experience in implementing of science and technology and innovation policy is very important for Russian economic development. In particular, special attention is paid to study foreign experience in creating an effective mechanism of academic and private sectors interaction, where the key-supporting role is played by government in case of Japan. No doubt, it is not justified to try to copy any foreign institutional system, but the analysis of the negative and positive effects of foreign economic system cases is very valuable for self-institutional mechanisms development.Conclusions and Relevance:the analysis leads to the conclusion that Japan has not yet completed the transformation to a modern model of the national innovation system, the current problem is the weakness of relations between the academic and corporate sectors. At the same time, there is an excessive, "paternalistic" role of the state in the organization of intersectoral interactions, in the absence of attention to the optimization of conditions and incentives for this kind of dialogue. The Japanese government actively supports and tries to develop the practice of "open innovation" business model, but due to the obsolescence of existing institutional structures, as well as their unpreparedness to the development and perception of radically new business models, has not yet been able to achieve concrete sustainable results.
Comparative analysis of physical development indicators of young Sambo athletes and normative indicators for adolescents not involved in sports
Authors: Vybornov V. D. , Nikityuk D. B. , Badtieva V. A. , Sorokin A. A. 
Published: January 2019

The aimwas to study of anthropometric indicators to determine the level of physical development of adolescents engaged and not involved in sports.Material and methods.110 male athletes engaged in Sambo wrestling (average age 15.4±0.7) were examined. The study used methods of complex anthropometry and dynamometry. As the main indicators were estimated the length and weight of the body, indicators of the chest circumference and vital capacity of the lungs, the value of back and carpal dynamometry. Hand dynamometry was carried out on the device medical electronic dynamometer DMER-120-0.5. Back dynamometry was carried out on the device back dynamometer, DS-500.Results. In the study group, about 61 % of athletes in each age group have deviations from the weight norm in accordance with the Broca index. Despite active physical activity, about 30 % of the surveyed, in each age group, have a medium or weak physique. The tendency towards weight loss may be due to excessive exercise or insufficient nutrition and recovery.Conclusion. There is a decrease in the values of weight-growth indices, which indicate non-compliance with the basic principles (balance, adequacy) of the nutrition system, as the main part of the system of recovery of the young athlete and require a revision of approaches to the diet of Sambo athletes.
The Morphometric Characteristic of the Acetabulum and Some Structures of the Hip Joint in 18–22 Weeks of Fetus Development
Authors: Gulina Yu. V. , Lyashchenko D. N. 
Published: January 2019

The purposeof the study is to obtain new quantitative morphometric data on the anatomy of the acetabulum, femoral head and femoral head ligament in 18–22 weeks of fetus development.Materials and methods.The object of the research were 30 human fetuses 20–22 weeks of development, obtained in artificial abortion according to the social reasons. We used a set of morphological techniques: macromicroscopic preparation, a method of cuts according to N. I. Pirogov, preparing of serial histotopograms, morphometry and a method of statistical analysis. All samples were divided into three age groups: 18–19 weeks, 20–21 weeks and 22 week.Results. New quantitative morphometric data of the main parameters of the acetabulum, femoral head and its ligament in human fetuses with the age interval of 2 weeks were obtained. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that at the period from 18 to 22 weeks of development, the vertical diameter of the acetabulum is larger than the horizontal one; the depth of the acetabulum changes with less intensity than the diameters. A wide range of absolute values of the parameters studied, as well as the difference in the degree of ossification of the acetabulum, suggest the presence of individual features of development. Changes in the diameters of the femoral head correlate with changes in the acetabulum itself. Significant asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of these structures have not been identified.Conclusion. It was revealed that in the period of 18–22 weeks of development, the formation of the anatomy of the acetabulum is actively underway. The dynamics of change of quantitative parameters of the hip joint structures has the character of a uniform increase over the period studied. In addition, the results of the work suggest the presence of individual features of the anatomy of the acetabulum of the fetus.
Anthropometric Markers of Postmenopausal Bone Mineralization Disorders
Authors: Pashkova I. G. 
Published: January 2019

Thepurposeof the study was to identify anthropometric factors determining the state of bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women.Material and methods. Anthropometry was used to determine the component composition of the body in 191 postmenopausal women aged 43 to 84 years. Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae was assessed by x-ray densitometry. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between the studied parameters.Results. The frequency of occurrence of mineral density disorders of lumbar vertebrae was 63.4%, including osteopenia – 40.3%, osteoporosis – 23.1%. In persons with overweight and obesity, osteopenia was more often recorded (2.2 and 4 times, respectively), in women with normal body weight, osteoporosis was more frequent (1.2 times). Values of anthropometric parameters and component composition of the body were statistically significantly lower in women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.Conclusion. It was found that the anthropometric markers determining the mineral density of bone tissue of lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women may be body weight, body mass index, body surface area, muscle mass and fat mass.
Doublecortin Expression in the Olfactory Bulb and Rostral Stream in Infantile Rats after Exposure to Neurotoxin
Authors: Pozhilov D. A. , Rumyantseva T. A. , Varentsov V. E. , Moskalenko A. V. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of neuroblasts’ numeral destiny in rats’ olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream after neurotoxic action in infant age.Material and methods. The distribution of DCX, a marker of immature neurons, was studied to reveal the dynamics of its expression in the evolutionary period of ontogenesis in olfactory bulbs and rostral migratory stream in 30, 60, 90, and 180-day-old rats. Modeling of neurotoxic effects was carried out by three times injections of capsaicin on the 30–32 day of life in a total dose of 120 mg/kg. The material for the study was sampled on the 15-, 30- and 60th days of the experiment. The marker was detected on parasagittal paraffin sections, taking into account the layers of the olfactory bulb. The numerical density of DCX+ neurons (pcs/mm2) and their part in the total number of cells were determined.Results. The standard age indicators of the numerical density of immature neurons and their share in the cell population, as well as similar indicators for two months after toxic effects, were established. The administration of toxic doses of capsaicin causes a massive death of mature neurons. Compensatory reaction manifested by activation of neurogenesis in the brain stem niches and an increase in the numerical density neuroblasts in the rostral stream.Conclusions. Activation of neurogenesis during neurodegeneration causes an increase in the number of DCX + neuronal progenitors in the olfactory bulb after 30 days after exposure and maintaining high levels until the end of observation.
Features of the Structure of Cerebral Vessels in Persons who Died from Rupture of Cerebral Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Trushel' N. A. , Nechipurenko N. I. , Sidorovich R. R. , Zmachinskaya O. L. , Bokhan I. V. 
Published: January 2019

The aimof the study is to define of variants of the Willi’s circle and also structural features of the vessel walls at the site of aneurysm location in people who died from aneurysms in the dead from their rupture to identify risk groups for cerebrovascular disease.Material and methods.The structure of cerebral vessels of 8 people at the age from 17 to 69 of both sexes who died from subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal genesis was examined due to macro-microscopical and clinical methods. Histology slides of cerebral arterial walls of aneurysm area were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory’s technique and then were examined.Results. Variants of the Willi’s circle and morphological features of vessel walls located in aneurysm formation area in people who died from aneurysm rupture are shown in the articleConclusion. Not classic variants of Willi’s circle, fibromuscular dysplasia of the medial type and atherosclerotic changes of vessel walls contributes to aneurysm occurrence in cerebral vessels.
Analysis of Tumor Volume Dynamics in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Filin A. A. , Sizov A. A. , Chupandina E. E. , Danilenko V. I. , Bugrimov D. Yu. , Polupanova K. G. 
Published: January 2019

The purposeof the study was to investigate the dynamics of tumor volume change in different age groups and its relation to the clinical (sex, age, stage of disease, life expectancy) and morphological parameters (tumor localization, metastases to regional lymph nodes, tumor invasion depth, histological type and degree of differentiation).Material and methods.The data of 527 patients (men and women, age from 24 to 86 years) suffering from colorectal cancer who underwent primary resection of the tumor. Clinical data and protocols of pathologist were analyzed: clinical stage of the disease, tumor localization, life expectancy, macroscopic, microscopic description, diagnosis. Based on the data obtained from the gross description, the tumor volume was calculated.Results. The maximum incidence of colorectal cancer was observed in patients in the age group from 70 to 79 years, more than 90% of all patients are over 50 years old. The volume of the tumor in colorectal cancer varied significantly, but the dynamics of the increase of the average volume with age was not observed. Opposite, the largest neoplasms were found in the youngest patients.Conclusion. Obtained data shows that changes in the tumor volume in colorectal cancer is nonlinear. Indicators of tumor volume in different age groups show similar dynamics: the most common tumors are mediumsized, but the small and very large tumors are much less common, which can explain the low rates of detection of tumors of this localization in the early stages.
Fatores Relacionados a Internacionalização das Redes de Franquias Brasileiras: Dispersão Geográfica e Pertencimento a Grupos
Authors: Bretas Vanessa Pilla , Galetti Jefferson Ricardo , Rocha Thelma Valéria 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo investiga os fatores que explicam o baixo índice de internacionalização das redes de franquias brasileiras. O objetivo é identificar se por um lado os recursos da empresa, como experiência de monitoramento, dispersão geográfica no mercado doméstico e reputação, e, por outro, aspectos institucionais, como pertencimento a grupos empresariais, influenciam a probabilidade das redes de franquias brasileiras se internacionalizarem. Utilizando dados secundários disponibilizados pela Associação Brasileira de Franchising (ABF), são investigados as relações entre quatro aspectos influenciadores e as chances de internacionalização por meio de uma regressão logística para uma base de 420 redes de franquias brasileiras, sendo 49 dessas internacionalizadas e 371 não internacionalizadas. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses relacionadas à dispersão geográfica nacional, franqueadores com maior dispersão geográfica no mercado doméstico estão mais propensos a se internacionalizarem, e pertencimento a grupos, franqueadores que pertencem a grupos estão mais propensos a se internacionalizarem. Como contribuição, este estudo inova ao comprovar quantitativamente que a dispersão geográfica nacional, e pertencer a grupos são fatores que determinam a internacionalização de redes franquia de mercados emergentes, como o Brasil.
PENGEMBANGAN METODOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN PAI MELALUI TEORI PEMROSESAN INFORMASI DAN TEORI NEUROSCIENCE
Authors: Suprapto Anas 
Published: January 2019

<span class="fontstyle0">his article examines the development of Islamic education learning methodology with two theories, namely the theory of information processing and neuroscience theory. The article concludes that the development of Islamic education learning methodology through the first theory is done by the teacher should present PAI learning materials in a creative and interesting, so that students will be stimulated and liked the material taught by the teacher. Meanwhile, with the second theory done by means teachers must first know and understand the performance of the human brain, after that then, PAI teacher can use a variety of learning models of Islamic education attractive to students or learners. Both of these theories have great benefits for the learning of Islamic education that had been there</span>
POLITIK DAN PENDIDIKAN (Tinjauan Historis Pengaruh Kebijakan Politik Terhadap Sistem Pendidikan di Indonesia)
Authors: Asrori Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

<span class="fontstyle0">Problems of education in Indonesia is the product of political interest of ruler, therefore they use it as a tool of authority. Education as subsystem of the state has function as supplier of educated people, it can succeed in development. In this beloved country, the reality of problems in education can not be separated from the effort to gain the authority. Therefore, educations sector is the medium for the success of the policy to achieve the goal and principal aspiration its leadership</span>
PENGEMBANGAN MAHÂRAH KALÂM DENGAN STRATEGI BERMAIN PERAN (ROLE PLAY) BAGI SANTRI MA’HAD NURUL HUDA MAN TLOGO BLITAR
Authors: Rusyadi Refki 
Published: January 2019

<span class="fontstyle0">Second language (Arabic) learning, focused on optimizing speaking skill with appropriate oral communication style is challenging. This phenomenon inextricably has initiated myriad of innovative methods and strategies to improve speaking skill effectively and efficiently in the schools across Indonesia. Besides, those methods and strategies can be a means of maintaining interactive atmosphere in the classroom. One of the adequate strategies is role play. In the form of play or drama instructional activities, the teachers can help students enhance their speaking skill by naturally interacting in the classroom so as to produce well appropriate expression. For broader aspect, role play as one of cooperative language learning can foster the students’ character building in its own dimension.</span>
MEMAHAMI JIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM (UPAYA MENANGKAL TUDUHAN TERORISME DALAM ISLAM)
Authors: Rahman Amri 
Published: January 2019

<p><strong><em>Abstra</em></strong><strong><em>ct: </em></strong><em>This research is aimed at understanding the Islamic perspective of jihad derived from The Holy Quran and hadits of The Prophet Muhammad peace be upon to him. It is a library research that is classified as expanded qualitative-descriptive research. The research found that Jihad term in the Holy Quran that means “hard work “ found in 33 verses. These verses have a broad meaning namely a totally hard work in all aspect of life. Despite it is undeniable that there is a verse using Jihad term that means a physical fighting or hold weapon to combat the enemy. But many other verses using Jihad term that means a hard work in universal meaning. Jihad in the Holy Quran has three meanings, namely: (1) carrying on a battle or combat an enemy,(2) fighting for conquering the devil (syaitan), and (3) trying hard to conquer our ego. Islamic religion teaches to maintain a peaceful life and prohibit all kind of destruction. So, term of terrorism is not found in Islamic teaching. Jihad is not synonym to terrorism because jihad is not an anarchy action but fully devoted to gain the bounty of Allah.</em></p>
Madrid, Socialist city. The keys to PSOE’s success in the 1923 general election = Madrid, ciudad socialista. Las claves del triunfo del PSOE en las elecciones generales de 1923
Authors: Miguel Salanova Santiago de 
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Las elecciones generales de 1923 representaron el canto de cisne de la política representativa en Madrid durante la etapa de la Restauración. La expresión del voto de la capital española ha sido generalmente analizada en este contexto como un veredicto sobre la cuestión de Marruecos y el asunto de las responsabilidades exigidas tras el desastre de Annual. Sin obviar este detalle y otros relacionados con la presentación de un programa más moderado por parte del PSOE, este artículo indaga en la influencia que el marco urbano y la actuación socialista en el mismo jugaron en el resultado de los comicios. El análisis de la acción política municipal socialista previa a las votaciones permitirá ahondar en esta cuestión y entender el escrutinio final, observado desde una perspectiva socio-espacial micro analítica. Palabras clave: Madrid, socialismo, política municipal, comportamientos electorales.Abstract: The general elections of 1923 represented the swan song of socialism in Madrid during the Restoration period. The tendencies of voting behaviour of the city in this context has been generally analysed as a verdict on the question of Morocco and the issue of responsibilities required after the Annual Disaster. Having in mind this detail and others related to the presentation of a moderate program by the PSOE, this article explores the influence that the urban framework and the socialist performances in it played in the outcome of the elections. The analysis of the socialist municipal political action prior to voting will allow us to delve into this question and understand the results, observed from a micro analytical socio-spatial perspective. Keywords: Madrid, socialism, municipal policy, voting behavior.
La gimnasia artística femenina, del totalitarismo científico al totalitarismo consumista (1952-2018) = Female artistic gymnastics: From scientific totalitarianism to consumerist totalitarianism (1952-2018)
Authors: Plaza Martín Diana 
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Por totalitarismos solemos entender un sistema político en el que las libertades son restringidas y el aparato estatal ejercer un poder sin límites. No obstante, para algunos autores como Pier Paolo Pasolini el totalitarismo también se encuentra en el sistema de consumo del capitalismo avanzado, el cual impone una “homologación estructural” con un poder centralizador y alienante más potente que el de ningún régimen fascista. Esta homogeneización estructural es la ha tenido lugar en la gimnasia artística femenina desde 1996 en adelante con el cambio de las reglas en pos de crear un producto vendible a la televisión.Palabras clave: Totalitarismo, Consumo, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Gimnasia, Espectáculo, Tecnofascismo.Abstract: By "totalitarian" we usually understand a political system in which freedom is restricted and the state apparatus applies power without limits. However, for some authors like Pier Paolo Pasolini and Marcuse, totalitarianism is also found in the consumption system of advanced capitalism, which imposes a "structural homologation" with a centralizing and alienating power, more powerful than any fascist regime. This structural homogenization has occurred in the process of transforming some sports into shows or consumer products, such as women's gymnastics.Keywords: Totalitarian, Consumption, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Gymnastic, Spectacle,Technofascism.