bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance Among Methods for Empiric Renal Drug Dosing: Meropenem as a Role Model for Clinical Superiority of Cockroft–Gault or Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
Authors: Al Jasmi Sabaa M , Khan Amer H , Saadah Loai M , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Al Khalidi Doaa Kamal 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objectives of this study are, first, to measure concordance between 5 different renal function estimates (methods) in terms of recommended drug doses, and, subsequently, to establish the potential for significant clinical differences between Cockroft–Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in dosing a specific medication, namely, meropenem. Design and setting: This study used a Monte Carlo simulation, and this is a computer–based study with no actual patient data. Patients: A total of 1200 and 8701 simulated cases to study the concordance for the 5 methods and the potential clinical significance of discordance between CG and MDRD, respectively, were chosen for the study. Methods: Simulated factors were age, sex, height, weight, serum creatinine, ethnicity, and albumin. We estimated the renal function using 5 formulas (ie, 10 combinations) including CG, MDRD, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD–EPI). Next, the team evaluated concordance for each combination in dosing 22 drugs. Finally, our researchers reviewed and simulated data from the literature to show how CG versus MDRD use can result in clinically significant differences for meropenem. Results: Pairwise combinations yielded statistically significant differences ( P < .0001) except for CG and MDRD ( P < .5147). In addition, the highest concordance was for MDRD and CKD–EPI. Average discordance is in the range of 25% to 30% with the lowest being between CG and albumin–based estimates. Both CG and MDRD were largely discordant which can reach up to 40% with a drug like meropenem and may be associated with significant adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Both CG and MDRD in our simulation are statistically comparable. Clinically, nonetheless, they are significantly inconsistent in terms of recommended drug dosing. We encourage practical comparisons of outcomes for individual or groups of medications (eg, meropenem and antibiotics) empirically dosed in renal patients on the basis of equations used in distinct populations.
Technical issues and clinical outcomes of endovascular repair of isolated iliac artery aneurysms: A single-center experience
Authors: Gao Peixian , Dong Dianning , Yang Le , Yuan Hai , Wang Mo , Zhang Jingyong , Zhong Zhenyue , Zhang Shiyi , Jin Xing , Wu Xuejun 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Isolated iliac artery aneurysms are the relatively uncommon condition. This study aims to evaluate the technical issues and clinical outcomes of endovascular repair in a cohort of isolated iliac artery aneurysms treated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 22 consecutive patients with isolated iliac artery aneurysms between December 2006 and September 2016. Iliac artery aneurysms were treated in one of the three ways: (1) standard bifurcated aortic stent graft placement with limb extension; (2) coverage of iliac artery aneurysms with covered stent grafts; and (3) embolization of the arterial branches distal to the aneurysms with coils or vascular plugs. Results Twenty-two patients (20 men) with a mean age 64.7 years underwent endovascular repair during the study period. The median diameter of the isolated iliac artery aneurysms was 5.9 ± 1.7 cm (2.9–9.0 cm). Technical success was 95.5%. Conversion to open surgery was performed in one patient with bilateral internal iliac artery aneurysms. Four patients underwent placement of a bifurcated stent graft. A covered stent graft was deployed in 16 patients, with embolization of internal iliac artery in 14 patients. Simple coil embolization of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm was performed in one patient. There was one sudden cardiac death on day 4 after the procedure due to heart failure. During the follow-up period (range: 1–50 months, mean 19.8 months), five patients died of causes not related to isolated iliac artery aneurysms, and transient buttock claudication was observed in one patient. Conclusions Our study documents the safety and effectiveness of endovascular repair of isolated iliac artery aneurysms with low morbidity and mortality.
Inflammation, von Willebrand factor, and ADAMTS13
Authors: Chen Junmei , Chung Dominic W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that inflammation can cause thrombosis by a von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated mechanism that includes endothelial activation, secretion of VWF, assembly of hyperadhesive VWF strings and fibers, cleavage by ADAMTS13, and adhesion and deposition of VWF-platelet thrombi in the vasculature. This mechanism appears to contribute to thrombosis not only in small vessels, but also in large vessels. Inflammation and VWF contribute to atherogenesis and may contribute to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as stroke. Elucidation of the mechanism will hopefully identify new targets and suggest new approaches for prevention and intervention.
Oncogenic N-Ras and Tet2 haploinsufficiency collaborate to dysregulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Jin Xi , Qin Tingting , Zhao Meiling , Bailey Nathanael , Liu Lu , Yang Kevin , Ng Victor , Higashimoto Tomoyasu , Coolon Rosemary , Ney Gina , Figueroa Maria E. , Li Qing 
Published: June 2018

Key Points
N-RasG12D and haploinsufficient Tet2 collaborate to induce lethal and highly penetrant CMML in mice with shortened overall survival. N-RasG12D and haploinsufficient Tet2 together promote balanced proliferation and enhanced competitiveness and self-renewal in HSPCs.
Adherence to treatment with artemether–lumefantrine or amodiaquine–artesunate for uncomplicated malaria in children in Sierra Leone: a randomized trial
Authors: Banek Kristin , Webb Emily L. , Smith Samuel Juana , Chandramohan Daniel , Staedke Sarah G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrompt, effective treatment of confirmed malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is a cornerstone of malaria control. Maximizing adherence to ACT medicines is key to ensuring treatment effectiveness.MethodsThis open-label, randomized trial evaluated caregiver adherence to co-formulated artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and fixed-dose amodiaquine–artesunate (AQAS) in Sierra Leone. Children aged 6–59 months diagnosed with malaria were recruited from two public clinics, randomized to receive AL or AQAS, and visited at home the day after completing treatment. Analyses were stratified by site, due to differences in participant characteristics and outcomes.ResultsOf the 784 randomized children, 680 (85.6%) were included in the final per-protocol analysis (340 AL, 340 AQAS). Definite adherence (self-reported adherence plus empty package) was higher for AL than AQAS at both sites (Site 1: 79.4% AL vs 63.4% AQAS, odds ratio [OR] 2.16, compared to probable adherence plus probable or definite non-adherence, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–3.49; p = 0.001; Site 2: 52.1% AL vs 37.5% AQAS, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.00–2.33, p = 0.049). However, self-reported adherence (ignoring drug package inspection) was higher for both regimens at both sites and there was no strong evidence of variation by treatment (Site 1: 96.6% AL vs 95.9% AQAS, OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.39–3.63, p = 0.753; Site 2: 91.5% AL vs 96.4% AQAS, OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.15–1.07, p = 0.067). In Site 2, correct treatment (correct dose + timing + duration) was lower for AL than AQAS (75.8% vs 88.1%, OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.76, p = 0.004). In both sites, more caregivers in the AQAS arm reported adverse events (Site 1: 3.4% AL vs 15.7% AQAS, p < 0.001; Site 2: 15.2% AL vs 24.4% AQAS, p = 0.039).ConclusionsSelf-reported adherence was high for both AL and AQAS, but varied by site. These results suggest that each regimen has potential disadvantages that might affect adherence; AL was less likely to be taken correctly at one site, but was better tolerated than AQAS at both sites. Measuring adherence to anti-malarials remains challenging, but important. Future research should focus on comparative studies of new drug regimens, and improving the methodology of measuring adherence.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01967472. Retrospectively registered 18 October 2013,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01967472
Attenuated FOLFIRINOX in the salvage treatment of gemcitabine‐refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase II study
Authors: Kim Jung Hoon , Lee Sang‐Cheol , Oh Sung Yong , Song Seo‐Young , Lee Namsu , Nam Eun Mi , Lee Soonil , Hwang In Gyu , Lee Hyo Rak , Lee Kyu Taek , Bae Sang‐Byung , Kim Han Jo , Jang Joung Soon , Lim Do Hyoung , Lee Hyun Woo , Kang Seok Yun , Kang Jung Hun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCombination therapy with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) chemotherapy drastically improves survival of advanced pancreatic cancer patients. However, the efficacy of FOLFIRINOX as a second‐line treatment after gemcitabine failure has not been tested prospectively. We investigated the feasibility and safety of attenuated FOLFIRINOX in patients with gemcitabine‐refractory advanced pancreatic cancer.MethodsA multicenter phase II prospective open‐label, single‐arm study was conducted at 14 hospitals. Patients with histologically proven invasive ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a measurable or evaluable lesion, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, adequate organ function, and aged 19 years or older were eligible. Attenuated FOLFIRINOX consisted of oxaliplatin 65 mg/m2, irinotecan 135 mg/m2, and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 injected intravenously on day 1 and 5‐fluorouracil 2000 mg/m2 continuously infused intravenously over 46 h on days 1–2, repeated every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival from the initiation of FOLFIRINOX. Secondary endpoints were the objective response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, safety, and tolerability. We estimated overall survival and progression‐free survival using the Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsWe enrolled 39 patients from 14 institutions. The objective response rate was 10.3%, while the disease control rate was 64.1%. The 6‐month and 1‐year overall survival rates were 59.0% and 15.4%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 3.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–6.0 months) and 8.5 months (95% CI 5.6–11.4 months), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (41.0%), nausea (10.3%), anorexia (10.3%), anemia (7.7%), mucositis (7.7%), pneumonia/pleural effusion (5.1%), and fatigue (5.1%). One treatment‐related death attributable to septic shock occurred.ConclusionAttenuated FOLFIRINOX may be promising as a second‐line therapy for gemcitabine‐refractory pancreatic cancer.
SAD-A Promotes Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Through Phosphorylation and Inhibition of GDIα in Male Islet β Cells
Authors: Nie Jia , Sun Chao , Chang Zhijie , Musi Nicolas , Shi Yuguang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDIα) inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in part by locking Rho GTPases in an inactive GDP-bound form. The onset of GSIS causes phosphorylation of GDIα at Ser174, a critical inhibitory site for GDIα, leading to the release of Rho GTPases and their subsequent activation. However, the kinase regulator(s) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of GDIα in islet β cells remains elusive. We propose that SAD-A, a member of AMP-activated protein kinase–related kinases that promotes GSIS as an effector kinase for incretin signaling, interacts with and inhibits GDIα through phosphorylation of Ser174 during the onset GSIS from islet β cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and phosphorylation analyses were carried out to identify the physical interaction and phosphorylation site of GDIα by SAD-A in the context of GSIS from INS-1 β cells and primary islets. We identified GDIα directly binds to SAD-A kinase domain and phosphorylated by SAD-A on Ser174, leading to dissociation of Rho GTPases from GDIα complexes. Accordingly, overexpression of SAD-A significantly stimulated GDIα phosphorylation at Ser174 in response to GSIS, which is dramatically potentiated by glucagonlike peptide-1, an incretin hormone. Conversely, SAD-A deficiency, which is mediated by short hairpin RNA transfection in INS-1 cells, significantly attenuated endogenous GDIα phosphorylation at Ser174. Consequently, coexpression of SAD-A completely prevented the inhibitory effect of GDIα on insulin secretion in islets. In summary, glucose and incretin stimulate insulin secretion through the phosphorylation of GDIα at Ser174 by SAD-A, which leads to the activation of Rho GTPases, culminating in insulin exocytosis.
Spectral Affordances of the Catalogue
Authors: Jaussen Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCritical assessments of the literary catalogue often stress its desire for order, highlighting the device’s encyclopedic tendencies of inclusion, exclusion, totality, and transparency. This article offers an alternative approach, arguing that the catalogue of persons can function as a document of loss, whose formal structure produces spectral, ghostly, and even traumatic effects. Analyzing catalogues from Homer’s Iliad, Charles Dickens’s American Notes for General Circulation, and Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, this essay demonstrates that the formal capacity for spectrality is an underappreciated affordance of the catalogue, through which it confronts actual historical violence. A comparative reading of Homer, Dickens, and Bolaño demonstrates that the catalogue, far from establishing mastery and transparency, is a literary device shot through with virtual effects, emergent echoes, and palpable absences. These affordances challenge the catalogue’s claims for totality while also making it a powerful mechanism for measuring history as loss.
A sequência didática no contexto do Ensino Fundamental: relações entre a concepção docente e o planejamento de atividades
Authors: Alves Maria Fátima , Meira Vanderléia Lucena 
Published: June 2018

A sequência didática (SD) é um meio eficaz para transpor didaticamente os gêneros textuais, tornando-os ensináveis em situações efetivas de comunicação. Esta pesquisa classifica-se como um estudo de caso (GIL, 1999) e busca analisar a relação entre a concepção docente e o planejamento de uma sequência didática por uma professora da rede pública de Ensino da cidade de Campina Grande-PB e que participa de um curso de formação continuada. Os dados que constituem o corpus do estudo se originam de uma questão aberta sobre SD, além de uma SD planejada por ela. Como quadro teórico, o estudo se ancora nos trabalhos de BRONCKART (1997, 1999, 2010); MIRANDA (2015); MACHADO e CRISTOVÃO (2009); HILA (2009); e NOVERRAZ, SCHNEUWLY E DOLZ (2004). Os resultados apontam que o conceito de SD da docente se aproxima mais de uma perspectiva educacional do que da área da linguística, nos moldes do grupo genebrino, já que ela a concebe apenas como uma prática metodológica para trabalhar os conteúdos. Apesar disso, as atividades que constituem a SD analisada são bem desenvolvidas e abordam os conteúdos de forma producente, relacionando-os com os objetivos propostos e tomando o gênero como um megainstrumento para o trabalho com a linguagem.
A aprendizagem significativa na formação docente inicial: relato de uma experiência no curso de Letras
Authors: Ferragini Neluana Leuz de Oliveira 
Published: June 2018

A formação docente dentre suas finalidades visa formar profissionais reflexivos que sejam autores de suas próprias práticas. Partindo desse pressuposto, esta pesquisa-ação, situada no campo da Linguística Aplicada, tem por objetivo analisar o processo de didatização do gênero discursivo ensaio literário na formação docente inicial, refletindo se as ações contempladas contribuem para uma aprendizagem significativa e crítica. Por se configurar como um estudo longitudinal, o corpus consiste na avaliação do processo realizada por três acadêmicos do primeiro ano do curso de Letras Português, na disciplina de Práticas de Leitura e Produção de Textos, no ano de 2014. Para efeitos de análise, esta pesquisa adapta as categorias de análise de pensamento crítico, de Newman, Cochrane, Webb (1995). Os resultados demonstram uma possibilidade de articular teoria e prática e, assim, exemplificar, na formação docente inicial, propostas contextualizadas de estudo da língua portuguesa, permitindo a apropriação crítica do conteúdo como também um espaço para uma aprendizagem significativa do professor de amanhã.
What factors influence an early COPD diagnosis in primary care?
Authors: Mercy Georgina R , Fotis Theofanis 
Published: June 2018

This systematic literature review aimed to identify factors influencing late- and under-diagnosis of COPD in primary care Background: There are millions of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have not been diagnosed. Patients have regularly lost half of their lung function by the point of diagnosis, and therefore there are fewer interventions available. Aim: The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify factors influencing late- and under-diagnosis of COPD in primary care. This includes considering the current methods of COPD screening, and whether early screening would benefit diagnostic rates. Methods: A comprehensive, systematic literature search was undertaken using the following databases: BNI, CINAHL, Medline, NHS Evidence, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online. Following this, a critical review of the literature was performed on 10 relevant articles. A thematic analysis followed. Results: There is a significant lack of up-to-date research on COPD screening and early detection. Generalised screening versus case-finding may be a method of identifying the undiagnosed population; however, evidence needs to improve. There is a lack of COPD education in healthcare and wider society. COPD among women is on the rise, yet they are less likely to be identified. There is a necessity for guidance and research to be provided. Screening is likely to be the future preferred method for identifying those undiagnosed, but research needs to identify the benefits of screening versus casefinding. Conclusion: The findings can be applied to primary care nursing, to combat COPD under-diagnosis.
‘True to the end’?: Fan responses to the final season and series finale of HBO’s True Blood
Authors: Lehtinen Jenni 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
HBO used the tag line ‘True to the End’ to advertise the final season of True Blood (2008–14). Building on existing scholarship on active fandom, this article explores viewer responses to this final season by analysing the posts by fans on the HBO-sponsored True Blood Facebook page. This page encourages communication within the fan community and also tries to guide the direction of the communication through various posts, including ones by cast members. Yet despite this guidance, the fan posts express overall disillusionment with the plotline of the final season, with the discontent bordering often on what Jonathan Gray (2003) has termed ‘antifandom’. Drawing on the literary critic Frank Kermode’s (2000) theory about the sense of an ending, this article will provide an innovative paradigm for analysing fan responses to the series ending. Thus, although readers take pleasure in complex plots, they nevertheless simultaneously wish to rest assured that the ending will fulfil a set of narrative expectations. In analysing the Facebook fan posts, the article discusses the alternative endings that fans were most ardently wishing for and whether it is possible to make any generalizations about the fans who supported the plot developments and those who opposed them. The article illustrates how fans can successfully navigate promotional spaces aimed at them and use them for their own purposes, thus undermining the promotional discourse of the sites. It also aims to encourage further debates about the possible benefits of applying traditional literary paradigms to new media contexts.
What were ‘minecart boosters’? Minecraft, digital distribution and preservative labour
Authors: Jones Ian Bryce 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In recent years, online digital distribution has drawn attention to the myriad ways in which games exist as a dynamic and transitory object. Previously, genres such as the massively multiplayer online game had carved out a unique space in game studies in which version numbers, expansions and changes in player behaviour over time had to be methodologically accounted for. However, today even the relative stability of the single-player game has begun to dissolve as a logic of constant becoming overtakes staid notions of games as singular, fixed historical texts. This article examines this increasing temporal instability of games by turning to bug-exploiting tactics within the player community of the massively popular building game Minecraft (Mojang, official release 2011). In a focused case study, I will analyse the fate of ‘minecart boosters’, an emergent bit of folk exploit-engineering that allowed players to create perpetual motion machines in the game, with help from widely circulated knowledge about a specific bug in the game’s simulated physics during its alpha and beta stages. Given that the effectiveness of Minecart boosters was abruptly put to rest when the game’s beta version 1.6 finally patched this physics bug, it presents an excellent opportunity to discuss how fans of digitally distributed and updated games navigate the volatility of the objects they are devoted to, especially when this volatility can lead to the sudden and unexpected endings of cherished practices and modes of engagement. Here, bolstered by a close examination of fan discourses on message boards, the official Minecraft Wiki, and YouTube comment sections of tutorial and ‘let’s play’ videos, I argue that Minecraft encourages a fan logic of ‘upkeep’ as communities struggle to maintain stability of practices even when attached to a fluid, transitory object.
Venice, Venice
Authors: Joseph-Lester Jaspar , Klein Norman M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Venice Beach, Los Angeles and Little Venice, London provide the basis for a series of reflections that explore the way the city is hardwired into a collective imaginary. These very different reproductions of Venice share the underlying principles that correspond to the economic and ­political aspiration of the modern city: carnivality and staging; the hypnogogic dream space and travel; guild capitalism and spectatorship. The enduring references to Venice that exist at the heart of Los Angeles and London speak of a desire for the sovereign city state and reflect a wider move to a new feudalism that increasingly characterizes the western metropolis.
Elephant memory
Authors: King Simon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article is a non-chronological account of the documentation and mapping of walks over an eighteen-month period around Elephant and Castle, a part of South East London that, via its designation as a prime ‘regeneration opportunity area’, is experiencing a rapid but problematic transformation. The original group walk is constructed performatively in the shape of a spatial and temporal narrative, i.e. the solving of a mystery prompted by an American magazine’s 1941 photograph of bomb-damaged Sayer Street SE17, held in the Imperial War Museum archive. Via this and other textual fragments, walkers seek to reconstruct a history and determine the original coordinates of a once lost but now recuperated street. Subsequent walks, taking place either side of the recent conflagration of Grenfell Tower, become more dialogic as discussion turns to the social and political consequences of London’s land grab. Key motifs emerge also: parallel lines of thinking, e.g. Lend Lease 1941, Lend Lease Ltd 2017, mapping – personal and archival, quotation, ruins, the punctum in the image and the metaphor of place holding.