bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of EGFR inhibitors’ resistance by co-delivering EGFR and integrin αvβ3 inhibitors with nanoparticles in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: He Fei , Wang Yanzhong , Cai Wanru , Li Minjing , Dong Lei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor cells, with drug resistance, are associated with failed treatment and poor prognosis. Our aim was to explore potential strategy to overcome the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and methods: Flow cytometry was used to examine and sort cells. Using MTT assay, we detected the cell viability under different conditions. Using RT-qPCR and Western blot, we determined the targeted gene expression in mRNA and protein levels. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was pictured by transmission electron microscopy. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) to detect the proteins expression. Subcutaneous cancer models in nude mice were constructed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects in vivo.
Results: Here, we observed enhanced expression of integrin αvβ3 in tumor tissues from EGFR inhibitors resistant patients. Also, integrin αvβ3-positive NSCLC cells revealed significant EGFR inhibitors resistance, resulting from the activation of Galectin-3/KRAS/RalB/TBK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Co-encapsulating integrin αvβ3 inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor further improved the drug delivery system, leading to superior anti-cancer effects and reduced systemic toxicity.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that co-encapsulation of erlotinib and cilengitide by MPEG-PLA (Erlo+Cilen/PP) nanoparticles revealed enhanced tumor suppression along with reduced organ damages, providing an innovative approach for NSCLC treatment.
Vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting
Authors: Pusch T. , Debernardi P. , Lindemann M. , Erb F. , Gerhardt N.C. , Hofmann M.R. , Michalzik R. 
Published: July 2019

Increasing the birefringence splitting in single‐mode vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) enables high‐speed polarisation dynamics which can be the basis to overcome the current bandwidth limitations in short‐haul data transmission. The authors observe large birefringence splittings of up to 98 GHz in an oxide‐confined AlGaAs‐based VCSEL with a tailored integrated surface grating. Since surface gratings are routinely used in VCSEL production, there is a great potential of this technique to realise spin‐VCSELs for ultrafast optical communication.
Carbon depletion observed inside T Tauri inner rims
Authors: McClure M. K. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The carbon content of protoplanetary disks is an important parameter to characterize planets formed at different disk radii. There is some evidence from far-infrared and submillimeter observations that gas in the outer disk is depleted in carbon, with a corresponding enhancement of carbon-rich ices at the disk midplane. Observations of the carbon content inside of the inner sublimation rim could confirm how much carbon remains locked in kilometer size bodies in the disk.
Aims. I aim to determine the density, temperature, and carbon abundance inside the disk dust sublimation rim in a set of T Tauri stars with full protoplanetary disks.
Methods. Using medium-resolution, near-infrared (0.8–2.5 μm) spectra and the new Gaia DR2 distances, I self-consistently determine the stellar, extinction, veiling, and accretion properties of the 26 stars in my sample. From these values, and non-accreting T Tauri spectral templates, I extract the inner disk excess of the target stars from their observed spectra. Then I identify a series of C0 recombination lines in 18 of these disks and use the CHIANTI atomic line database with an optically thin slab model to constrain the average ne, Te, and nc for these lines in the five disks with a complete set of lines. By comparing these values with other slab models of the inner disk using the Cloudy photoionization code, I also constrain nH and the carbon abundance, XC, and hence the amount of carbon “missing” from the slab. For one disk, DR Tau, I use relative abundances for the accretion stream from the literature to also determine XSi and XN.
Results. The inner disks modeled here are extremely dense (nH ~ 1016 cm−3), warm (Te ~ 4500 K), and moderately ionized (log Xe ~ 3.3). Three of the five modeled disks show robust carbon depletion up to a factor of 42 relative to the solar value. I discuss multiple ways in which the “missing” carbon could be locked out of the accreting gas. Given the high-density inner disk gas, evidence for radial drift, and lack of obvious gaps in these three systems, their carbon depletion is most consistent with the “missing” carbon being sequestered in kilometer size bodies. For DR Tau, nitrogen and silicon are also depleted by factors of 45 and 4, respectively, suggesting that the kilometer size bodies into which the grains are locked were formed beyond the N2 snowline. I explore briefly what improvements in the models and observations are needed to better address this topic in the future.
Videokonsultationen durch Psychotherapeuten in der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Haun Markus W. , Tönnies Justus , Oeljeklaus Lydia , Hoffmann Mariell , Wensing Michel , Szecsenyi Joachim , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Hartmann Mechthild 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungPsychische Störungen stellen einen erheblichen Belastungsfaktor für den Einzelnen sowie die gesamte Gesellschaft dar. Erster und in den meisten Fällen einziger Ansprechpartner im Gesundheitssystem ist der Hausarzt. Die Überweisung von Patienten in zeitnahe spezialisierte psychosomatische oder psychotherapeutische Behandlung erweist sich jedoch aufgrund vieler Probleme, insbesondere in ländlichen Gebieten, als schwierig. Zu diesen Problemen zählen etwa lange Wartezeiten, die steigende Prävalenz psychosomatischer und somatopsychischer Komorbidität, altersbedingte Immobilität und patientenseitige Stigmatisierungserwartung. Im Sinne des Integrated Health Care Ansatzes stellt die diagnostische und therapeutische Adressierung psychischer Störungen durch Psychotherapeuten direkt in der Hausarztpraxis ein effektives Versorgungsmodell dar. Hier vorgestellt wird ein telemedizinisches Therapiekonzept für Menschen mit depressiven und ängstlichen Erkrankungen. Im Zentrum steht die Erprobung psychotherapeutischer Videokonsultationen innerhalb der Hausarztpraxis. Es soll ein Überblick über das Therapiekonzept gegeben sowie Ergebnisse zur Umsetzungsbereitschaft des Modells bei niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten dargestellt werden.
Trends and Inpatient Outcomes of Venous Thromboembolism-Related Admissions in Patients with Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Katiyar Vatsala , Uprety Alok , Mendez-Hernandez Andres , Fuentes Harry E. , Andrade Xavier A. , Zia Maryam 
Published: July 2019

Background Patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (MF), have a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aim to determine the trends in annual rates of VTE-related admissions, associated cost, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality in patients with MPN.
Methods We identified patients with PV, ET, and MF from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2006 to 2014 using ICD-9CM coding. Hospitalizations where VTE was among the top-three diagnoses were considered VTE-related. We compared in-hospital outcomes between VTE and non-VTE hospitalizations using chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-test and used linear regression for trend analysis.
Results We identified 1,046,666 admissions with a diagnosis of MPN. Patients were predominantly white (65.6%), females (52.7%), with a median age of 66 years (range: 18–108). The predominant MPN was ET (54%). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between groups (VTE: 3.4% vs. non-VTE: 3.2%; p = 0.12); however, VTE admissions had a longer LOS (median: 6 vs. 5 days; p < 0.01) and higher cost (median: VTE US$32,239 vs. 28,403; p ≤ 0.01).The annual rate of VTE admissions decreased over time (2006: 3.94% vs. 2014: 2.43%; p ≤ 0.01), compared with non-VTE–related admissions.
Conclusion In our study, VTE-related admissions had similar in-hospital mortality as compared with non-VTE–related admissions. The rates of hospitalizations due to VTE have decreased over time but are associated with a higher cost and LOS. Newer risk assessment tools may assist in preventing VTE in high-risk patients and optimizing resource utilization.
Evaluation of Systemic Effects of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Open Wound Treatment in Dogs
Authors: Albert Rebecca , Reese Sven , Nolff Mirja C. , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the treatment of complicated wounds in dogs.
Materials and Methods Dogs undergoing open wound treatment were randomly assigned to one of two groups: NPWT (n = 11) or polyurethane foam dressing (n = 11). Rectal temperature, heart rate as well as haematocrit, thrombocytes, leucocyte count, band neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CrP), total protein and albumin were recorded daily from the beginning of therapy (day 0) until day 5, as well as on day 10. The effect of treatment on systemic parameters was evaluated as well as the prognostic power of the individual parameters with regard to successful wound closure.
Results A more profound systemic decrease was found in total protein under NPWT. This difference was non-significant. Patients with non-successful closure displayed a non-significant trend towards lower initial leukocyte and thrombocyte counts and significantly higher CrP values on days 4, 5 and 10 (p < 0.05) compared with successfully treated patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an optimal cutoff value of 70.2 mg/L at day 4 (sensitivity 80; specificity of 85.7).
Conclusion There might be an increased loss of protein in NPWT-treated patients, which does not affect albumin levels, otherwise no systemic effects were detected compared with the control treatment. The parameter with the best sensitivity and specificity to detect serious complications (no wound closure achieved) was CrP at day 4.
Analysis of the Microsurgery Match from 2014 to 2018 Reveals Increased Competition for Microsurgery Fellowship Positions
Authors: Cooper Michael N. , Daneshgaran Giulia , Yu Roy , Chang Jeff , Vartanian Emma , Shamsunder Meghana , Mehrara Babak J. , Matros Evan M. , Wong Alex K. 
Published: July 2019

Background There has been no peer-reviewed published data analyzing the microsurgery match since it was established. The aim of this study is to present and analyze match data to inform residents and programs regarding outcomes.
Methods Anonymized data were requested from the San Francisco Match, which was plotted and analyzed utilizing Pearson's Chi-square, unpaired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results Match data was obtained from the years 2014 to 2018. The match rate decreased from 84.6% in 2015 to 67.3% in 2018, mean = 73.7 (8.29%), and (p = 0.01735). The position fill rate fluctuated from 82.9% in 2014 to 90.0% in 2016, mean = 86.5 (3.0%). In 2014 and 2015, 66.7% of applicants matched their first or second choice compared to 48.0% in 2018, mean = 58.7 (8.3%), (p =.04785). Matched applicants ranked mean = 6.6 (1.4%) programs versus 3.4 (1.3) for unmatched, (p < 0.0001). Filled programs ranked a greater number of applicants per position, mean = 8.5 (1.8%), compared to partially filled, mean = 4.6 (2.6%), and unfilled mean = 3.6 (3.4%), programs (p = 0.0014). In 2015, 55.0% of programs matched their first or second choice compared to 30.4% of programs in 2018, mean = 43.0 (10.1%).
Conclusion The application process for microsurgery has become more competitive. Matched applicants rank more programs than do unmatched. Fully filled programs rank more applicants per position than do unfilled or partially filled. Applicants and programs are increasingly less likely to match their top choices.
Does Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty Improve Accuracy of Cup Positioning?
Authors: Lawson Joshua A. , Garber Andrew T. , Stimac Jeffrey D. , Ramakrishnan Rama , Smith Langan S. , Malkani Arthur L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcetabular component malpositioning is a frequent cause of complications in total hip arthroplasty including instability, increased wear, osteolysis, impingement, and revision surgery. Recently, robotics and navigation have been introduced to improve cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of postoperative acetabular component positioning using MAKO robotic-assisted versus manual acetabular component placement. A consecutive series of 100 total hip replacements were performed in 100 patients. The first 50 were performed using manual techniques, while the second 50 were performed using MAKO-guided acetabular component placement. Postoperative anteroposterior pelvis radiographs were used to determine the postoperative anteversion and inclination of the cup relative to the goal of 15 and 45°, respectively. In the manual group, the average anteversion and inclination was 14.3 and 44.2°, respectively, with 28% within 5° and 82% within 10° of the goal alignment, respectively. In the robotic group, the average anteversion and inclination was 15.1 and 45.6°, respectively, with 54 and 88% within 5 and 10° of the goal alignment, respectively. This equated to a statistically significant improvement in the number of acetabular components placed within 5° of the target alignment with the use of robotic guidance (p = 0.0142). From the authors' study, they were able to demonstrate a significant improvement in acetabular component alignment with the use of robotic techniques. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate improvement in clinical outcomes as a result of improved accuracy and precision of acetabular component placement.
A tensor-based framework for studying eigenvector multicentrality in multilayer networks
Authors: Wu Mincheng , He Shibo , Zhang Yongtao , Chen Jiming , Sun Youxian , Liu Yang-Yu , Zhang Junshan , Poor H. Vincent 
Published: July 2019

Significance
It is of significant interest to understand the structure and function of multilayer networks, which model many practical complex systems. Centrality, quantifying the importance of nodes in a graph, is widely recognized as one of the most effective measures. Nevertheless, a general framework for characterizing centrality in multilayer networks is still lacking. In this article, we fill this gap by developing a tensor-based framework for characterizing eigenvector multicentrality in general multilayer networks. We prove the existence and uniqueness of eigenvector multicentrality for 2 interesting scenarios, using the proposed framework. The results from empirical networks demonstrate that this framework helps us obtain a clear understanding of the eigenvector multicentrality of nodes.
Conformational shifts in a chemoreceptor helical hairpin control kinase signaling inEscherichia coli
Authors: Gao Qun , Cheng Anchun , Parkinson John S. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceMotile bacteria use chemoreceptor signaling arrays to track chemical gradients with high precision. TheEscherichia colichemotaxis system offers an ideal model for probing the molecular mechanisms of transmembrane and intracellular signaling. In this study, we characterized the signaling properties of mutantE. colireceptors that had amino acid replacements in residues that form a salt-bridge connection between the cytoplasmic tips of receptor molecules. The mutant signaling defects suggested that the chemoreceptor tip operates as a two-state device with discrete active and inactive conformations and that the level of output activity modulates connections between receptor signaling units that produce highly cooperative responses to attractant stimuli. These findings shed important light on the nature and control of receptor signaling states.
Exercise Prevents Hypertension and Disrupts the Correlation Between Vascular Sympathetic Activity and Age-Related Increase in Blood Pressure in SHRs
Authors: Li Jia-Yi , Chen Chieh-Wen , Liu Tsung-Han , Kuo Terry Bj , Yang Cheryl Ch 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension usually accompanies the elevated sympathetic activity and sleep interruption. Few researches explored the dynamic changes and possible correlations in cardiovascular functions and sleep patterns during the development of hypertension. In contrast, exercise training provides several benefits on cardiovascular and sleep function in hypertensive subjects. However, controlling various factors during a long period of exercise training is difficult in hypertensive subjects, an animal model may be essential. This study aimed to explore dynamic changes in cardiovascular functions and sleep patterns during the development period of hypertension (10–20 weeks old) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and effects of exercise intervention.

METHODS
We used the treadmill exercise model for 8 weeks and started when SHRs were 12 weeks old. Electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure (BP) were recorded simultaneously for 24 hours once a week over 11 weeks.

RESULTS
Untrained SHRs revealed the age-related increments in BP, and the significant increasing slopes of differences on BP and vascular sympathetic activity were observed during the development period of hypertension. Compared with untrained rats, age-related increases in BP and vascular sympathetic activity were significantly suppressed in trained SHRs. Nevertheless, trained SHRs showed more quiet sleep time at partial weeks. The positive correlation between the differences from 10 weeks of vascular sympathetic activity and BP was disappeared in trained SHRs.

CONCLUSIONS
There existed the significant correlation between the dynamic changes of vascular sympathetic activity and age-related elevation of BP during the development period of hypertension; however, exercise prevented hypertension and disrupted this correlation.
Modeling Flow-Ecology Responses in the Anthropocene: Challenges for Sustainable Riverine Management
Authors: Horne Avril C , Nathan Rory , Poff N LeRoy , Bond Nick R , Webb J Angus , Wang Jun , John Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate change will increase water stress in many regions placing greater pressures on rivers to meet human and ecological water needs. Managing rivers experiencing water stress requires a fundamental understanding of how ecosystem processes and functions respond to natural and anthropogenic drivers of flow variability and change. The field of environmental flows meets this need by defining “flow-ecology” relationships—mathematical models linking ecological characteristics and dynamics to the underlying flow regime. However, because these relationships are most often based on historical hydrologic regimes, they implicitly assume climatic stationarity. A fundamental challenge in the Anthropocene is how to model flow-ecology relationships such that the effects of nonstationarity can be captured. In the present article, we introduce a novel approach that addresses these shortcomings and show its utility through a series of conceptual and empirical examples. The framework incorporates ecological dynamics and uncertain future hydrologic conditions, as well as nonstationarity itself, thereby providing a viable framework for modeling flow-ecology responses to inform water management in a rapidly changing climate.
Morbidity following salvage esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma: the MD Anderson experience
Authors: Mitchell K G , Nelson D B , Corsini E M , Vaporciyan A A , Antonoff M B , Mehran R J , Rice D C , Roth J A , Sepesi B , Walsh G L , Bhutani M S , Maru D M , Wu C C , Nguyen Q-N , Ajani J A , Swisher S G , Hofstetter W L 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
The survival advantage associated with the addition of surgical therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who demonstrate a complete clinical response to chemoradiotherapy is unclear, and many institutions have adopted an organ-preserving strategy of selective surgery in this population. We sought to characterize our institutional experience of salvage esophagectomy (for failure of definitive bimodality therapy) and planned esophagectomy (as a component of trimodality therapy) by retrospectively analyzing patients with ESCC of the thoracic esophagus and GEJ who underwent esophagectomy following chemoradiotherapy between 2004 and 2016. Of 76 patients who met inclusion criteria, 46.1% (35) underwent salvage esophagectomy. Major postoperative complications (major cardiovascular and pulmonary events, anastomotic leak [grade ≥ 2], and 90-day mortality) were frequent and occurred in 52.6% of the cohort (planned resection: 36.6% [15/41]; salvage esophagectomy: 71.4% [25/35]). Observed rates of 30- and 90-day mortality for the entire cohort were 7.9% (planned: 7.3% [3/41]; salvage: 8.6% [3/35]) and 13.2% (planned: 9.8% [4/41]; salvage: 17.1% [6/35]), respectively. In summary, esophagectomy following chemoradiotherapy for ESCC at our institution has been associated with frequent postoperative morbidity and considerable rates of mortality in both planned and salvage settings. Although a selective approach to surgery may permit organ preservation in many patients with ESCC, these results highlight that salvage esophagectomy for failure of definitive-intent treatment of ESCC may also constitute a difficult clinical undertaking in some cases.
The value of three-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Daud Elias , Or Tsafrir , Adler Zvi , Shturman Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac anomaly. Most SVA’s rupture into right heart chambers and can be classified using the modified Sakakibara classification according to the site of rupture. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a useful diagnostic tool and aides in treatment planning in patients with congenital anomalies in emergency situations. Three-dimensional TOE (3D-TOE) provides additional value over standard TOE.

Case summary
A 38-year-old man with a reported history of ventricular septal defect (VSD) presented to the emergency department complaining of chest pain and epigastric pain lasting several days. Physical examination revealed a continuous heart murmur and signs of acute heart failure. A 3D-TOE revealed an SVA rupture into the right ventricle (Type IIIv) but no evidence of a VSD. Urgent aortic valve replacement with correction of the ruptured SVA was performed. Neither a VSD nor signs of endocarditis were found during surgical exploration. The patient was discharged on post-operative Day 5 in good condition.

Discussion
A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac condition. Ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, or aortic valve regurgitation may coexist with SVA. Xin-Jin et al. classified a ruptured SVA into five types according to the site of rupture. Transoesophageal echocardiography is an important tool for diagnosis, anatomical description, and typing of the ruptured SVA. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm may be misdiagnosed as a VSD, as was the case in our patient, and 3D-TOE can be instrumental for providing both correct diagnosis and critical surgical planning.