bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Metallic Ti@Ni0.85Se with Triple Hierarchy as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Chunming , Zhang Junjun , Gao Guimei , Liu Darui , Liu Ruiping , Fan Ruicheng , Gan Shucai , Wang Ying , Wang Yongwang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, Ti@Ni0.85Se electrodes with a triple hierarchy architecture were designed, and their applications in electrocatalytic water splitting were studied. The 3D electrode is comprised of three types of structures including the bottom square Ti mesh structure as the conductive substrate, a vertical and uniform Ni0.85Se nanosheet arrays structure in the intermediate section, and the topmost Ni0.85Se flower structure. This triple hierarchy architecture is binder‐free, conductive, and has a particular feature of enlarged surface areas, exposing more active sites, promoting mass‐ and charge‐transfer, and accelerating dissipation of gases generated during water electrolysis. Moreover, DFT calculations confirmed that the Ni0.85Se possesses metallic character, which further promotes the charge transfer of the electrocatalyst. Benefiting from this special structure and metallic character, the electrode displays a superior activity of 10 mA cm−2 at 120 mV hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential and 30 mA cm−2 at 270 mV oxygen evolution reaction overpotential. By using this electrode as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, an alkali electrolyzer affords a water splitting current of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.66 V.
Application of DC/DC Ćuk converter as a soft starter for battery chargers based on double‐loop control strategy
Authors: Goudarzian Alireza , Khosravi Adel 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis study presents a new soft starter based on a Ćuk converter for output‐current trajectory–tracking task in a battery‐charger system. For this purpose, a double‐loop current controller is developed, which is able to control the input current of the converter as well as its output current. The reference value of the input current is modified using a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller through an outer loop, which works to reduce the steady‐state error of the output current. Also, sliding‐mode theory and equivalent‐control method are used to establish the closed‐loop–system stability and investigate the dynamic performance of the switching regulator. The system robustness is studied in depth taking into account the parametric variations associated with various operating points of the battery charger. The utilization of a hysteresis modulator in the control loop removes the risk of control‐signal saturation and guarantees the converter operation. The developed system not only has the merits of simplicity of the current control and smooth response but also ensures a wide current‐regulation range. The proposed cascade controller is tested using simulations in powersim (PSIM) software. Finally, the system effectiveness is validated via the experimental results.
SRGH: A secure and robust group‐based handover AKA protocol for MTC in LTE‐A networks
Authors: Gupta Shubham , Parne Balu L. , Chaudhari Narendra S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMachine‐type communication (MTC) is defined as an automatic aggregation, processing, and exchange of information among intelligent devices without humans intervention. With the development of immense embedded devices, MTC is emerging as the leading communication technology for a wide range of applications and services in the Internet of Things (IoT). For achieving the reliability and to fulfill the security requirements of IoT‐based applications, researchers have proposed some group‐based handover authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols for mass MTCDs in LTE‐A networks. However, the realization of secure handover authentication for the group of MTCDs in IoT enabled LTE‐A network is an imminent issue. Whenever mass MTCDs enter into the coverage area of target base‐station simultaneously, the protocols incur high signaling congestion. In addition, the existing group‐based handover protocols suffer from the huge network overhead and numerous identified problems such as lack of key forward/backward secrecy, privacy‐preservation. Moreover, the protocols fail to avoid the key escrow problem and vulnerable to malicious attacks. To overcome these issues, we propose a secure and robust group‐based handover (SRGH) AKA protocol for mass MTCDs in LTE‐A network. The protocol establishes the group key update mechanism with forward/backward secrecy. The formal security proof demonstrates that the protocol achieves all the security properties including session key secrecy and data integrity. Furthermore, the formal verification using the AVISPA tool shows the correctness and informal analysis discusses the resistance from various security problems. The performance evaluation illustrates that the proposed protocol obtains substantial efficiency compared with the existing group‐based handover AKA protocols.
Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast in pleural effusion
Authors: Li Joshua J.X. , Chan W.C. , Chau Helen H.L. , Wu Cherry , Tse Gary M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman presented with a left breast mass, discovered 4 years ago but was static until 2 months before presentation, when it showed a rapid increase in size and became painful. Mammography showed a large lobulated mass with internal cystic components (BI‐RADS 4B). A biopsy was performed, followed by modified radical mastectomy. The histologic diagnosis was malignant phyllodes tumor (PT). The patient developed local recurrence 4 months later while on adjuvant radiotherapy and she had a salvage resection. Two months later, she developed massive left pleural effusion. Pleural fluid cytology showed single discohesive markedly atypical cells with hyperchromatic and enlarged nuclei, irregular nuclear membrane, and distinct macronucleoli. Multinucleated forms were also seen. The mononuclear and multinucleated tumor cells cytomorphologically resembled that of the recurrent tumor, indicative of recurrence. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography confirmed recurrence at the left pleura. The patient opted for palliative care and succumbed 1 month later. The current case demonstrated a rare clinical presentation of recurrent malignant PT as massive unilateral malignant pleural effusion. Correlation with previous histologic and cytologic specimens may be useful as similar cytologic features could be identified in subsequent recurrent tumors.
Stem‐Cell‐Driven Growth and Regrowth of the Adult Spinal Cord in Teleost Fish
Authors: Zupanc Günther K.H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe spinal cord of the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus continues to grow during adulthood, in concert with the overall body growth. Immunohistological studies, combined with mathematical modeling, suggest that this growth is driven by proliferative activity of Sox2‐expressing stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) and by cell drift due to population pressure. The SPCs exhibit high volumetric density in the caudal filament and the ependymal layer. Nevertheless, the majority of these cells are found in the parenchyma throughout the rostro‐caudal axis of the spinal cord, albeit at much lower volumetric densities than in the ependymal layer. The SPCs give rise, via transit‐amplifying cells, to neurons and glia. The relative number of neurons and glia is primarily regulated through apoptosis of supernumerary neurons. Quantitative analysis has demonstrated that the continued cell proliferation results in additive neurogenesis. This addition includes adult‐born spinal electromotoneurons, thereby resulting in a continuous increase in the amplitude of the fish’s electric organ discharge during adult life. Amputation of the caudal part of the spinal cord induces initially a degenerative response, dominated by massive apoptotic cell death in spinal cord tissue immediately rostral to the injury site, and distinguished by a partial loss of the electric organ discharge amplitude. This phase is followed by a regenerative response, characterized by absence of gliosis and by rapid stem‐cell‐driven tissue regrowth. Although the quality of the regenerated tissue is variable among individuals, the structural repair has led in every fish examined thus far to full recovery of the electric organ discharge amplitude.
Seismic response assessment of rocking systems using single degree‐of‐freedom oscillators
Authors: Diamantopoulos Spyridon , Fragiadakis Michalis 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA new modeling for the seismic response assessment of free‐standing, rigid or flexible, pure rocking systems is presented. The proposed modeling is based on equivalent single degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillators that can be implemented with common engineering software or user‐made structural analysis codes. The SDOF models adopted use beam elements that are connected to a nonlinear rotational spring with negative stiffness that describes the self‐centering capacity of the rocking member. The loss of energy at impact is treated with an “event‐based” approach consistent with Housner's theory. Different variations pertinent to rigid blocks are first presented, and then the concept is extended to the flexible case. The implementation of the method requires some minor programming skills, while thanks to the versatility of the finite element method, it is capable to handle a variety of rocking problems. This is demonstrated with two applications: (a) a vertically restrained block equipped with an elastic tendon and (b) a rigid block coupled with an elastic SDOF oscillator. The accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed modeling is demonstrated using simple wavelets and historical ground motion records.
40Ar/39Argeochronology, fluid inclusions, and ore‐grade distribution of theJiawula Ag–Pb–Zndeposit,NE China:Implicationsfor deposit genesis and exploration
Authors: Niu Si‐Da , Li Sheng‐Rong , Huizenga Jan Marten , Santosh M. , Zhang De‐Hui , Li Zeng‐Da 
Published: March 2019

The Jiawula Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is located in the northern part of the Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt within the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Here, we report results from muscovite40Ar/39Ar geochronology and fluid inclusion study and formulate a vertical projection map of the ore grade in this deposit. The muscovite from the Jiawula deposit yields a plateau age of 133.27 ± 0.66 Ma and a40Ar/39Ar isochron age of 131.88 ± 0.83 Ma. The muscovite40Ar/39Ar data indicate a discrete second hydrothermal event postdating the mineralization, which we correlate with post‐collisional extension after the subduction direction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate changed. Low‐salinity aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz from the Jiawula deposit represent meteoric water or groundwater. Based on the fluid inclusion study, the fluids were trapped during cooling and decompression, which may have resulted in metal precipitation. We envisage that the copper precipitated from a high‐temperature fluid in the southern domain whereas lead, zinc, and silver precipitated at a lower temperature in the north. The spatial distribution of the ore‐forming elements, therefore, reflects the ore fluid migration‐cooling path from the south to north.
Rift activity and sequence stratigraphy of the Oligocene Dongying Formation in the Nanpu Sag, eastern China: Implications for rift sequence stratigraphy in lacustrine basins
Authors: Chen Liang , Ji Hancheng , Zhang Liang , Zhu Yue , Fang Zheng 
Published: March 2019

Rifting plays an important role in accommodation variations in rift basins. However, fluvial discharge as another important factor affecting lacustrine rift sequence stratigraphy is not well explored. In this work, seismic and well data are used to investigate the stratigraphic features, rift activity, and effect of fluvial discharge in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. The syn‐rift deposition of the Dongying Formation (28.5–23.8 Ma) is divided into four sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4), and the rift‐related subsidence rate along two parallel boundary faults is calculated. The results indicate that the rift activity weakens from SQ1 to SQ4 and that the two parallel boundary faults consist of a total of four fault segments. As the fault segmented, three propagation folds formed intrabasin highs on which the Beipu, Laoyemiao, and Gaoliu outlets developed. Well logs and 3D seismic data show that from SQ1 to SQ3, retrogradational stacking patterns occur in Beipu, Laoyemiao, and the hanging‐wall ramp, while progradational stacking patterns occur in the Gaoliu outlet. In SQ4, the sequence stacking patterns are progradation‐dominated. By evaluating channel erosion and sediment supply, the fluvial discharge can be estimated, and the result indicates that the Gaoliu outlet has the strongest fluvial discharge from SQ1 to SQ3 with strong channel erosion, and in SQ4, the fluvial discharge of each outlet is comparable and relatively low. The high fluvial discharge of the Gaoliu outlet from SQ1 to SQ3 is considered to be the primary reason for the lake level rise in the intervals between the pulses of rift activities. Sequence stacking patterns and depositional trends in our study intervals are not in line with the rift subsidence rate; this indicates that rifting is not the only factor controlling the rift sequence stratigraphy and variations in the accommodation of lacustrine rift basins. While the Gaoliu outlet has predominant fluvial discharge from SQ1 to SQ3, progradational parasequence sets deposit in the Gaoliu outlet. In contrast, the retrogradational parasequence sets occurred in the Beipu outlet, Laoyemiao outlet, and the hanging‐wall ramp. As the fluvial discharge of the Gaoliu outlet decreased in SQ4, the fluvial discharge in each outlet became low, and the stacking patterns were dominated by progradation. Consequently, this research suggests that fluvial discharge is a significant factor controlling the accommodation creation in lacustrine rift basins, and a sequence model which gives a full consideration of fluvial discharge is constructed for lacustrine rift basins.
Thyroidectomy in octogenarians is not associated with poorer postoperative outcomes
Authors: Wong Eugene H. , Smith Murray , Fish Brian , Jani Piyush , Palme Carsten E. , Smith Mark C. , Riffat Faruque 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe elderly represents one of the most rapidly growing subsets of the population. This population experiences a higher incidence of thyroid pathology. However, there are concerns that the elderly also experiences increased perioperative complications and are poor candidates for thyroidectomy.MethodsPatients who underwent thyroidectomy over the age of 80 years at three tertiary head and neck units were included. Data regarding age, sex, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, preoperative investigations, type of surgery, postoperative complications, and final thyroid pathology were retrieved from hospital records.ResultsOf a total of 39 patients (69% women, mean age 83.1), the majority (40.1%) presented with a combination of symptoms: shortness of breath, feeling of pressure in the neck, dysphagia, or tiredness. Two (5.1%) were asymptomatic. Low rates of postoperative complications were encountered and were minor (n = 5). No intensive care unit admissions or mortality was experienced.ConclusionThyroid surgery in octogenarians carries an acceptable complication profile.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on clearance rate of planktonic copepods with different photoprotective strategies
Authors: Laspoumaderes Cecilia , Bastidas Navarro Marcela , Souza María S. , Modenutti Beatriz , Balseiro Esteban 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe studied two populations of Boeckella gracilipes and two populations of Boeckella gibbosa that inhabit mountain lakes from North‐Patagonian Andes with different optical properties. We combined field and laboratory experiments to determine the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on clearance rate among these taxa that had different UVR defences. The copepod populations differed in photoprotective compounds (carotenoids and mycosporine‐like amino acids [MAAs]) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S‐transferase [GST]). These variations were related to elevation, dissolved organic carbon content and the optical features of the inhabited lakes. Laboratory experiments showed a decrease in the clearance rate (CR) in all populations exposed to UVR. Consistently, the long‐term field experiment showed a negative impact of UVR on CR. We conclude that UVR exposure affects feeding, however, the magnitude of this negative effect depends on the exposure intensity and the photoprotective mechanisms used by zooplankton.
Digital Storytelling: A District Initiative for Academic Literacy Improvement
Authors: Vu Viet , Warschauer Mark , Yim Soobin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith young people increasingly learning and communicating through visual and social media, schools are looking for ways to tap into students’ interest in digital media. In a school district in Southern California, a very promising approach to technology use has emerged that integrates digital storytelling into instruction. Findings from a first‐year exploratory study suggest that students who engage in digital storytelling develop their academic literacy and important technology and media arts skills. Yet, digital storytelling is being implemented very unevenly in the district, and teachers who wish to implement it face challenges in integrating it into a full curriculum. To achieve more consistent integration and better results, the researchers recommend that the district articulate the role of digital storytelling in district/state curricular goals and develop a framework for implementation consistent with this articulation.
Mice with a Brd4 Mutation Represent a New Model of Nephrocalcinosis
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M , Loh Nellie Y , Stechman Michael J , Falcone Sara , Hannan Fadil M , Ahmad Bushra N , Piret Sian E , Reed Anita AC , Jeyabalan Jeshmi , Leo Paul , Marshall Mhairi , Sethi Siddharth , Bass Paul , Roberts Ian , Sanderson Jeremy , Wells Sara , Hough Tertius A , Bentley Liz , Christie Paul T , Simon Michelle M , Mallon Ann-Marie , Schulz Herbert , Cox Roger D , Brown Matthew A , Huebner Norbert , Brown Steve D , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Nephrolithiasis (NL) and nephrocalcinosis (NC), which comprise renal calcification of the collecting system and parenchyma, respectively, have a multifactorial etiology with environmental and genetic determinants and affect ∼10% of adults by age 70 years. Studies of families with hereditary NL and NC have identified &gt;30 causative genes that have increased our understanding of extracellular calcium homeostasis and renal tubular transport of calcium. However, these account for &lt;20% of the likely genes that are involved, and to identify novel genes for renal calcification disorders, we investigated 1745 12-month-old progeny from a male mouse that had been treated with the chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) for radiological renal opacities. This identified a male mouse with renal calcification that was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with &gt;80% penetrance in 152 progeny. The calcification consisted of calcium phosphate deposits in the renal papillae and was associated with the presence of the urinary macromolecules osteopontin and Tamm-Horsfall protein, which are features found in Randall's plaques of patients with NC. Genome-wide mapping located the disease locus to a ∼30 Mbp region on chromosome 17A3.3-B3 and whole-exome sequence analysis identified a heterozygous mutation, resulting in a missense substitution (Met149Thr, M149T), in the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). The mutant heterozygous (Brd4+/M149T) mice, when compared with wild-type (Brd4+/+) mice, were normocalcemic and normophosphatemic, with normal urinary excretions of calcium and phosphate, and had normal bone turnover markers. BRD4 plays a critical role in histone modification and gene transcription, and cDNA expression profiling, using kidneys from Brd4+/M149T and Brd4+/+ mice, revealed differential expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Kidneys from Brd4+/M149T mice also had increased apoptosis at sites of calcification within the renal papillae. Thus, our studies have established a mouse model, due to a Brd4 Met149Thr mutation, for inherited NC. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A three‐step conceptual roadmap for avoiding bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an invited perspective review
Authors: Strasberg Steven M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBile duct injuries are the most common serious complication of cholecystectomy. Avoidance of bile duct injury is a key aim of biliary surgery. The purpose of this paper is to describe laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the viewpoint of three conceptual goals. Three conceptual goals of cholecystectomy are: (1) getting secure anatomical identification of key structures; (2) making the right decision not to perform a total cholecystectomy when conditions are too dangerous to get secure identification – the “inflection point”; and (3) finishing the operation safely when secure anatomical identification of cystic structures is not possible. The Critical View of Safety (CVS) has been shown to be a good way of getting secure anatomical identification. Conceptually, CVS is a method of target identification, the targets being the two cystic structures. Sometimes, anatomic identification is not possible because the risk of biliary injury is judged to be too great. Then a decision is made to abandon the attempt to do a complete cholecystectomy – and instead to “bail‐out”. This “inflection point” is defined as the moment at which the decision is made to halt the attempt to perform a total cholecystectomy laparoscopically and to finish the operation by a different method. Currently the best bail‐out procedure seems to be subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy. Application of conceptual goals of cholecystectomy can help the surgeon to avoid biliary injury.
Valves of the small coronary veins in porcine hearts
Authors: Musil Vladimir , Sach Josef , Patzelt Matej , Kachlik David , Stingl Josef 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the existence of valves in small peripheral coronary veins of porcine hearts. The study was performed on 20 porcine hearts using standard histological methods. The veins in the subepicardial and intramyocardial regions of the anterior and posterior parts of the interventricular septum and in the wall of the right atrium were studied. Valves were present in intramyocardial veins (diameter of 75–180 μm), in the veins located just beneath the external surface of the myocardium (diameter 120–170 μm) and in the terminal segments of the ventricular veins (diameter 250 μm) opening into the stems of the anterior interventricular vein and middle cardiac vein. Valves were also recorded in most veins of the subepicardial space. The described rich presence of valves in the small coronary veins may contribute to a better comprehension of their hemodynamic properties. These findings may also help to improve the understanding of the efficacy of retrograde application of medications, a novel technique in cardiology and cardiac surgery.