bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of GNAQ/11 mutation inversely correlates with the metastatic
rate in uveal melanoma
Authors: Liang Chen , Peng Lan ya , Zou Ming , Chen Xuemei , Chen Yingying , Chen Hou , Xiao Lirong , Yan Naihong , Zhang Junjun , Zhao Qing , Huang Xi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To determine whether the GNAQ/11 mutation correlated with the outcome of
patients with uveal melanoma (UM) when genetic heterogeneity was
considered.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of sixty-seven patients with UM. The
heterogeneity of GNAQ/11 was examined by using droplet digital PCR. The
correlation between metastasis and heterogeneity of the GNAQ/11 mutation was
analysed. Disease free survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier
method, and the Wilcoxon log-rank test was used to compare the curves.

Results
The GNAQ/11 mutation ratio was varied between each case. Among these
patients, 28.35% of them harboured homogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11, 62.69%
present heterogeneous mutation and 8.96% didn’t present either GNAQ or GNA11
mutation. The tumour with heterogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11 has a higher
metastatic rate than that with homogeneous mutation (13/29 vs 1/18, p=0.027).
In Kaplan-Meier analysis, metastasis-free survival was not significantly
associated with either homogeneous or heterogeneous mutation of
GNAQ/11.

Conclusion
The mutation ratio of GNAQ/11 in UM was quite variable. The tumour with
heterogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11 is more likely to develop a poor prognosis
than that with homogeneous mutation of GNAQ/11.
Pedagogical value of a hospitality awards programme
Authors: Reach Gérard , Bentégeat Sophie , Mounier-Emeury Isabelle , Le Cossec Brigitte , Yesilmen Sadiyé , Hirsch Vincent , de Oliveira Granja Yohann , Minetti Audrey 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the leading university hospital in France, proposed to offer its services to candidate on a voluntary basis for a hospitality award, certifying compliance to a 240-item home-made questionnaire designed by healthcare providers and patients’ representatives. It combined an objective examination of the services and patients’ questionnaires, covering seven domains: reception and information from admission to discharge; cleanliness, comfort and environment; proposed services (eg, access to Wi-Fi); culture, relaxation and well-being; meals; linen and relationship quality with hospital staff. The procedure was completed in two steps: an initial self-evaluation to detect improvable deficiencies, followed by an awarding visit. A service received the hospitality award if at least 80% of the reference criteria were met during this second evaluation. Here, we describe the construction of this hospitality awards programme and present a comparison of the scores obtained during the two steps.Design and methodsRetrospective comparison by usual statistical tests.SettingAP-HP, grouping 39 university hospitals (21 000 beds, 8 million annual patient visits).ParticipantsThe 211 services from 29 different hospitals engaged in the procedure (2017–2019).ResultsOnly one service did not get the award (self-evaluation 83%, visit score 79%). The score was higher during the awarding visit (89.0%±5.6%) than during self-evaluation (85.5%±4.3%, n=211, p<0.00001), with increased scores for the following domains (p<0.005): patient reception and information; cleanliness, comfort and environment; proposed services; culture, relaxation and well-being.Conclusion(1) Internal self-evaluation is feasible. (2) By diffusing criteria of hospitality, the procedure had a pedagogical value leading to rapid and significant improvements. (3) This quality assessment procedure results in an award that can be posted in the departments. By appealing to pride, this procedure should promote hospitality in hospitals.
Layoffs and the mental health and safety of remaining workers: a difference-in-differences analysis of the US aluminium industry
Authors: Elser Holly , Ben-Michael Eli , Rehkopf David , Modrek Sepideh , Eisen Ellen A , Cullen Mark R 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundRelatively few studies have examined the effects of layoffs on remaining workers, although the effects of layoffs and downsizing events may extend beyond those employees who lose their jobs.MethodsWe examined the effects of layoffs on mental healthcare utilisation and injury risk among workers at 30 US plants between 2003 and 2013. We defined layoffs as reductions in the hourly workforce of 20% or more at each plant. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compared the change in outcomes during layoffs versus the same 3-month period 1 year previously, accounting for secular trends with control plants.ResultsOur study population included 15 502 workers and 7 layoff events between 2003 and 2013. Layoffs were associated with only minor decreases in injuries (−0.006, 95% CI −0.013 to 0.001). The probability of outpatient visits related to mental health increased by 1% during layoffs (0.010, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.017), and the probability of mental health-related prescriptions increased by 1.4% (0.014, 95% CI −0.0006 to 0.027). Among women, the increase in outpatient visits was more pronounced (0.017, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.031). Increased prescription utilisation appeared attributable primarily to opioid use (0.016, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.027).ConclusionOur results indicate an association between layoffs and remaining workers’ mental health and safety, although changes mental healthcare utilisation may reflect both changes in underlying mental health and changes in care-seeking. Future research on concordance of service utilisation and underlying health may yield valuable insight into the experiences employed workers in the wake of layoffs.
Construction of Phenol/O2 Fuel Cell with CuO/MWCNTs Modified Electrode as Anode
Authors: Liu Shuhui , Wu Yuan , Xing Yonglei , Hai Yan , Peng Juan , Ni Gang , Jin Xiaoyong 
Published: September 2019

Traditional biofuel cells (BFCs) are devices that use biological catalysts to catalyze the oxidation of organic materials and in the meantime convert chemical energy into electrical energy. In this work, a nonenzymatic catalyst that integrated copper oxide with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CuO/MWCNTs) was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method, and the composites show an outstanding electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of phenol due to the synergistical contribution of CuO nanoparticles and MWCNTs. The effects of the pH, concentration of electrolyte and phenol and scan rate on the phenol oxidation are investigated. Benefitting from the excellent performance toward phenol oxidation, a H-type phenol fuel cell was fabricated with CuO/MWCNTs as anode material and electro-deposited platinum film as cathode material. The results show that the phenol fuel cell has an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 0.69[Formula: see text]V and can produce a maximum power density of 0.25[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at 0.44[Formula: see text]V with 500[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] phenol and 0.1[Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] PBS. The stability test revealed that the fuel cell could still deliver about 0.24[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] after repeating the test for five times, indicating that the fuel cell has good stability.
A common mechanism modulates saccade timing during pursuit and fixation
Authors: Badler Jeremy B. , Watamaniuk Scott N. J. , Heinen Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

Smooth pursuit is punctuated by catch-up saccades, which are thought to automatically correct sensory errors in retinal position and velocity. Recent studies have shown that the timing of catch-up saccades is susceptible to cognitive modulation, as is the timing of fixational microsaccades. Are the timing of catchup and microsaccades thus modulated by the same mechanism? Here, we test directly whether pursuit catch-up saccades and fixational microsaccades exhibit the same temporal pattern of task-related bursts and subsidence. Observers pursued a linear array of 15 alphanumeric characters that translated across the screen and simultaneously performed a character identification task on it. At a fixed time, a cue briefly surrounded the central element to specify it as the pursuit target. After a random delay, a probe (E or 3) appeared briefly at a randomly selected character location, and observers identified it. For comparison, a fixation condition was also tested with trial parameters identical to the pursuit condition, except that the array remained stationary. We found that during both pursuit and fixation tasks, saccades paused after the cue and then rebounded as expected but also subsided in anticipation of the task. The time courses of the reactive pause, rebound, and anticipatory subsidence were similar, and idiosyncratic subject behavior was consistent across pursuit and fixation. The results provide evidence for a common mechanism of saccade control during pursuit and fixation, which is predictive as well as reactive and has an identifiable temporal signature in individual observers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY During natural scene viewing, voluntary saccades reorient the fovea to different locations for high-acuity viewing. Less is known about small “microsaccades” that also occur when fixating stationary objects and “catch-up saccades” that occur during smooth pursuit of moving objects. We provide evidence that microsaccade and catch-up saccade frequencies are generally modulated by the same mechanism. Furthermore, on a finer time scale the mechanism operates differently in different observers, suggesting that neural saccade generators are individually unique.
Immune Profiles of Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Prognosis among Women with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Ling , Lu Donghao , Bai Yingnan , Wang Yanping , Bu Hong , Zheng Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
The impact of the immune landscape of the microenvironment on cancer progression is not well understood for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We, therefore, aimed to examine the association of immune cell enrichment scores as a proxy for immune profiles of tumor microenvironment with TNBC prognosis.

Methods:
We included 76 patients with TNBC diagnosed between 2008 to 2016 in West China Hospital and 158 patients with TNBC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. On the basis of transcriptome data, we calculated the overall ImmuneScore and type-specific enrichment scores for 34 types of immune cells, using xCell, a gene signature–based method. HRs of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
During the median follow-up time of 2.8 (0.1–9.8) years, 42 patients had a recurrence, and 34 patients died. The overall ImmuneScore and most immune cell enrichment scores were relatively higher in tumors than normal tissues. A higher enrichment score of plasma cells was associated with favorable RFS [HR 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–0.73] and OS (HR 0.32; 95% CI, 0.17–0.61). The score of CD4+ central memory T cell (Tcm) was negatively associated with RFS (HR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.17–1.97). Besides, CD4+ Tcm enrichment score was higher in invasive tumors that were not ductal/lobular carcinoma (OR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06–2.37).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that plasma cells and CD4+ Tcm in the tumor microenvironment may play a role in the subsequent progression of TNBC.

Impact:
This study provides evidence of the role of immune cells in TNBC progression that may have clinical utility.
Processed Meat Intake and Bladder Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort
Authors: Xu Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:The association between processed meat intake and bladder cancer risk has been evaluated by several observational studies with inconsistent results.Methods:In a cohort of 101,721 subjects in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, we analyzed the association of processed meat intake with bladder cancer risk.Results:After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 776 new cases of bladder cancer were identified. Intake of processed red meat was significantly associated with the incidence of bladder cancer after multivariate adjustment [highest vs. lowest quintile: HR, 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.93; Ptrend = 0.008]. In contrast, there was only a suggestive but not significant association between intake of total processed meat and bladder cancer risk after multivariable adjustment (highest vs. lowest quintile: HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89–1.50; Ptrend = 0.073).Conclusions:This large prospective study suggests that intake of processed red meat is associated with a higher risk of bladder cancer.Impact:Bladder cancer risk is increased with cumulative intake of processed red meat.
Devils in the Ink
Authors: Cowan Tommy P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper explores some of the myriad connections between geometric visuals, magic, and altered states of consciousness, more specifically looking at the colocation of geometric visuals and experiences of intermediary beings. The main focus here is on how geometric visuals relate to the consciousness experiments and magical practices of American author William Burroughs (1914–1997) and his Swiss-English collaborator Brion Gysin (1916–1986). Such an analysis will also dive into the broader intellectual currents that influenced Burroughs and Gysin’s uses of geometry, yielding more abstract conceptions of how geometry relates to altered states of consciousness and intermediary beings. Furthermore, understanding how geometric manipulation of the mind works has important consequences for multiple fields outside of the history of esotericism, including market-oriented disciplines like architecture and industrial design. As such, this essay proposes that the historical study of esotericism can promote and conduct itself as an interdisciplinary space that communicates the value of its data to market-oriented fields through “material approaches” to religion à la Birgit Meyer.
The Appeal of Communism among the Lebanese Shiʿa, 1943-75
Authors: Al-Azzawi Jehan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article revisits the Shiʿi community’s secular past through an analysis of the evolution of Shiʿi involvement in the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP). It argues that the Shiʿi community’s communist interlude was a formative moment in the political mobilization of the Shiʿa, which predated the rise of distinctly Shiʿi political identities, and imparted a lasting legacy on the political development of the Lebanese Shiʿa.
Ḥasan Naṣrallāh’s ʿĀshūrāʾ Speeches: The Thin Line between Ethics and Identity
Authors: Saade Bashir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Lebanese political organization Hizbullah has developed its own style of commemorating ʿāshūrāʾ, the Shiʿi period of mourning in remembrance of the Battle of Karbalāʾ. Previous scholarship has analyzed Hizbullah’s ʿāshūrāʾ with prevailing conceptual binaries such as politics/religion, reason/tradition, or reason/emotion. This article challenges such binaries by looking at the series of speeches given by Hizbullah’s secretary general, Ḥasan Naṣrallāh, during the annual ʿāshūrāʾ rituals. Naṣrallāh’s oratory skills, and most importantly the careful structuring of the ten-day mourning event, show clearly that the production of reasoned arguments through speech involves the cultivation of intense emotions and states of consciousness. These are conducive not only to collective action and identity formation but also to ethical practices.
Iran and Hizbullah’s Development Organization in Lebanon: The Case of Jihād al-Bināʾ
Authors: Lob Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn investigation into the history and activities of the Lebanese reconstruction and development organization Jihād al-Bināʾ (JB) sheds light on three aspects of Hizbullah and its relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). First, the case of JB reveals that, rather than simply existing as a client of the IRI, Hizbullah sought autonomy from it. To this end, Hizbullah aspired to control JB’s projects, localize its personnel, and diversify its funding. Second, this case demonstrates how Hizbullah instrumentalized development to advance its strategic and ideational interests, which included mobilizing and socializing recruits, supporters, and voters, spreading political and religious values, and preserving a territorial and social base. Third, the case illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of Hizbullah’s politicized, faith-based, and distributive development model. While instilling cohesiveness and commitment in some personnel and beneficiaries, this model disregarded the priorities and preferences of others, and it lacked inclusivity and sustainability.
The Spatial Pattern of Midsummer Drought as a Possible Mechanistic Response to Lower-Tropospheric Easterlies over the Intra-Americas Seas
Authors: Zermeño-Díaz David Maximiliano 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Following the idea that large-scale wind perturbations cause repeatable rainfall patterns over small tropical islands, the spatial pattern of the midsummer drought (MSD) is investigated as a repeatable rainfall pattern over the Intra-Americas Seas (IAS). For that, statistical techniques, including linear regressions, canonical correlation analysis, and variance budgets, were applied to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and ERA-Interim datasets to assess 1) the MSD pattern repeatability and 2) its explained variance in different time scales. As shown by the results, the MSD pattern is not a unique feature of the boreal summer intraseasonal variability in the IAS: it is more robust during summer but it exists in all rainy seasons on daily, intraseasonal, and interannual time scales. On diurnal time scales, the MSD pattern explains a negligible part of the total variance during summer (&lt;2%), but on interannual scales it explains up to 20% and it captures the spatial features of “El Niño” rainfall anomalies. On all time scales, the MSD pattern is accompanied by repeatable wind and pressure patterns: anomalous lower-tropospheric (925 hPa) easterlies over a domain-wide meridional northward pressure gradient. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that the MSD pattern manifests an underlying geographically determined, mechanistic pattern. Also, they suggest that the repeatable MSD-shaped rainfall and wind patterns could be extrapolated in time to better understand the climatic conditions behind droughts and pluvials, and to diagnose the causes behind rainfall trends.
Strong Internal Waves Generated by the Interaction of the Kuroshio and Tides over a Shallow Ridge
Authors: Masunaga Eiji , Uchiyama Yusuke , Yamazaki Hidekatsu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Kuroshio and tides significantly influence the oceanic environment off the Japanese mainland and promote mass/heat transport. However, the interaction between the Kuroshio and tides/internal waves has not been examined in previous works. To investigate this phenomenon, the two-dimensional high-resolution nonhydrostatic oceanic Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-Following Adaptive Navier–Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) model was employed. The results show that strong internal tides propagating upstream in the Kuroshio are generated at a near-critical internal Froude number (Fri = 0.91). The upstream internal wave energy flux reaches a magnitude of 12 kW m−1, which is approximately 3 times higher than that of internal waves without the Kuroshio. On the other hand, under supercritical conditions, the Kuroshio suppresses the internal wave energy flux. The interaction of internal tides and the Kuroshio also generates upstream propagating high-frequency internal waves and solitary wave packets. The high-frequency internal waves contribute to the increase in the total internal wave energy flux up to 40% at the near-critical Fri value. The results of this study suggest that the interaction of internal tides and the Kuroshio enhances the upstream propagating internal tides under the specified conditions (Fri ~ 1), which may lead to deep ocean mixing and transport at significant distances from the internal wave generation sites.
HarmonEPS—The HARMONIE Ensemble Prediction System
Authors: Frogner Inger-Lise , Andrae Ulf , Bojarova Jelena , Callado Alfons , Escribà Pau , Feddersen Henrik , Hally Alan , Kauhanen Janne , Randriamampianina Roger , Singleton Andrew , Smet Geert , van der Veen Sibbo , Vignes Ole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
HarmonEPS is the limited-area, short-range, convection-permitting ensemble prediction system developed and maintained by the HIRLAM consortium as part of the shared ALADIN–HIRLAM system. HarmonEPS is the ensemble realization of HARMONIE–AROME, used for operational short-range forecasting in HIRLAM countries. HarmonEPS contains a range of perturbation methodologies to account for uncertainties in the initial conditions, forecast model, surface, and lateral boundary conditions. This paper describes the state of the system at the version labeled cycle 40 and highlights some directions for further development. The different perturbation methods available are evaluated and compared where appropriate. Several institutes have operational or preoperational implementations of HarmonEPS, such as MEPS (Finland, Norway, and Sweden), COMEPS (Denmark), IREPS (Ireland), KEPS (the Netherlands), AEMET-γSREPS (Spain), and RMI-EPS (Belgium), and these systems are briefly described and compared with the ensemble prediction system (IFS ENS) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
Global IR and Western Dominance: Moving Forward or Eurocentric Entrapment?
Authors: Fonseca Melody 
Published: September 2019

Over the last decade, a call for decolonisation has challenged IR scholarship. The call has advocated for the need to decolonise the epistemology and ontology of the discipline, critically engaging with the legacies of imperialism, colonialism, racism, and patriarchy in global power relations. Parallel to the decolonial project, a call to globalise International Relations has been made by well-known scholars in recent years predominantly through the Global IR project. In this review essay of four books I briefly engage with the debates around Global IR and its critics drawing on a decolonial perspective. On the one hand, I discuss the potentialities and limitations of historiographical deconstruction as a methodological tool, raising issues with the current silencing of the ‘present’ due to the continued coloniality of knowledge. On the other hand, I delve into the wide range of possibilities that a serious and critical commitment to diversifying the discipline of IR might bring to academics in the so-called non-West/Global South. I analyse current critiques of Global IR considering them necessary though, in some cases, agents for the reification and silencing of the interests of the non-West/Global South. I argue that, whilst coloniality operates in multiple ways, decoloniality is also a project that surpasses the ideal total exteriority as imagined through the West/non-West dichotomy. Relaciones Internacionales Globales y Dominación Occidental: ¿Avance o entrampamiento eurocéntrico?