bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non-uniform asymmetric heating on the thermal and entropy generation characteristics for flow of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a micro-channel
Authors: Boruah Manash Protim , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to numerically analyze the thermal and entropy generation characteristics on two-dimensional, incompressible, laminar single-phase flow of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a micro-channel subjected to asymmetric sinusoidal wall heating with varying amplitude, length of fluctuation period and phase difference of applied heat flux for Reynolds number in the range of 25-1000.

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical computation is based on the Finite Element Method and the Lagrange finite element technique is used for approximating the flow variables within the computational domain.

Findings
The average Nusselt number increases with increasing Reynolds number (Re) for all the volume fractions of nanofluid. However, the total entropy generation decreases up to a critical value of Re and increases thereafter. Increase in volume fraction shifts the critical Re towards the lower Re regime. The average Nusselt number and total entropy generation increase with amplitude and length of fluctuation period of heat flux. The optimal choice of volume fraction for lesser entropy generation and higher heat transfer is found to be 3 per cent independent of the value of amplitude, length of fluctuation period and phase difference of the heat flux.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, the interplay of various parameters concerning non-uniform heating in achieving the maximum heat transfer with minimum irreversibility has not been investigated. Focusing on this agenda, the results of this study would benefit the industrial sector in achieving the maximum heat transfer at the cost of minimum irreversibilities with an optimal choice of inlet Reynolds number, volume fraction of nanofluid, amplitude, length of the period of fluctuation of heat flux and phase difference of applied heat flux.
The socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing industry
Authors: Nwosu Ijeoma Ikejiofor , Onoyima Rita Oluchi , Madu Ignatius Ani , Nwokocha Victor Chukwunweike 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Broom production and marketing is a local business industry operated by women in Nigeria. This activity serves not only as a source of livelihood to women but also has created job opportunities for the teeming unemployed persons in the rural areas. This paper aims to examine socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing industry in Nigeria with a view to analyze small-scale women businesses in Igbo Eze North District of Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
New economic theory was used to guide the study. The study adopted a quantitative research design comprising of semi-structured interviews, field observations, reference to relevant literature and a questionnaire survey of 340 female households engaged in broom production and marketing from fifteen villages. This sample size was selected using purposive sampling technique and Yamane formula. Frequencies and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the data.

Findings
The study found that broom production and marketing have an effect on the socioeconomic development of the people. The study found a positive relationship between broom production and marketing and income generated, education and occupation in the study area. This study concluded by suggesting that broom production in the study area should be mechanized to improve the quality and quantity of broom produced in the area.

Practical implications
This study has shown that Nigerian women have good potentials for entrepreneurship. Both the society and the government authorities should work together in supporting female ventures in Nigeria.

Originality/value
The paper empirically has shown the socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing on local household of Igbo Eze North District of Nigeria. This study stands as the first in Nigeria to consider the effects of broom production and marketing and how women in this part of Nigeria have used it to create job opportunities and opportunities of income for themselves and their families.
Corporate governance, European bank performance and the financial crisis
Authors: Ayadi Mohamed A. , Ayadi Nesrine , Trabelsi Samir 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effects of internal and external governance mechanisms on the performance and risk taking of banks from the Euro zone before and after the 2008 financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachTo avoid macroeconomic problems and shocks and because of data availability, the authors select some countries of the Euro zone, namely, France, Belgium, Germany and Finland, during the 2004-2009 period. These countries share similar macroeconomic environments (unemployment, inflation and economic growth rates). All the data relating to the banks are manually drawn from the supervising reports submitted to banks and are available on the banks’ websites and/or on that of the AMF website. The banks included in our sample are drawn from the list of European central banks onwww.ecb.intFindingsThe empirical results show that banks undertake tradeoffs between different governance mechanisms to alleviate the intensity of the agency conflicts between the shareholders and managers. The findings also confirm that internal mechanisms and capital regulations are complementary and significantly impact bank performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis can be extended through studying the interaction between bondholders’ governance and shareholders’ governance and their impact on the 2008 financial crisis.Practical implicationsThe changes in banking governance help banks find a useful and necessary way to avoid ill-considered risks that can cause a systemic risk. Therefore, some conditions should be met so that banking governance can contribute to the economic development.Social implicationsCulture and mentality of good banking governance must grow as much as possible through awareness-raising, training, promotion, recognition of performance, enhancing procedure transparency and stability of good banking governance and regulations, strengthening the national capacity to fight against corruption, and preventive mechanisms.Originality/valueThis paper complements previous studies, mainly those of Andres and Vallelado (2008) who examine the impact of the components of the board on banking performance and of Laeven and Levine (2009) who estimate the combined effect of regulatory and ownership structure on the risk-taking of each bank.
Optimisation of pre‐operative anaemia in patients before elective major surgery – why, who, when and how?
Authors: Munting K. E. , Klein A. A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAnaemia in surgical patients is a common and serious problem; around 40% of patients presenting for major surgery are anaemic. Patients with pre‐operative anaemia have significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality and are likely to be transfused red cells. In addition, red cell transfusions are independently associated with worse outcomes. Pre‐optimisation of anaemia in surgical patients leads to higher pre‐operative haemoglobin concentrations and less need for transfusion. Patients undergoing major surgery (defined as blood loss > 500 ml expected or possible) should be optimised if their haemoglobin concentration is less than 130 g.l−1 on screening. Detection of anaemia should follow listing for surgery as soon as possible to allow enough time for optimisation. The most common cause of pre‐operative anaemia is iron deficiency, which can be treated with iron therapy. Iron clinics should be set up in either primary or secondary care to allow for optimal treatment. In this review, we present literature supporting the optimisation of pre‐operative anaemia and propose a treatment algorithm.
Improving inverse docking target identification with Z‐score selection
Authors: Kim Stephanie S. , Aprahamian Melanie L. , Lindert Steffen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe utilization of inverse docking methods for target identification has been driven by an increasing demand for efficient tools for detecting potential drug side‐effects. Despite impressive achievements in the field of inverse docking, identifying true positives from a pool of potential targets still remains challenging. Notably, most of the developed techniques have low accuracies, limit the pool of possible targets that can be investigated or are not easy to use for non‐experts due to a lack of available scripts or webserver. Guided by our finding that the absolute docking score was a poor indication of a ligand's protein target, we developed a novel “combined Z‐score” method that used a weighted fraction of ligand and receptor‐based Z‐scores to identify the most likely binding target of a ligand. With our combined Z‐score method, an additional 14%, 3.6%, and 6.3% of all ligand–protein pairs of the Astex, DUD, and DUD‐E databases, respectively, were correctly predicted compared to a docking score‐based selection. The combined Z‐score had the highest area under the curve in a ROC curve analysis of all three datasets and the enrichment factor for the top 1% predictions using the combined Z‐score analysis was the highest for the Astex and DUD‐E datasets. Additionally, we developed a user‐friendly python script (compatible with both Python2 and Python3) that enables users to employ the combined Z‐score analysis for target identification using a user‐defined list of ligands and targets. We are providing this python script and a user tutorial as part of the supplemental information.
Variable effects of an invasive species on the reproduction and distribution of native species in pond networks
Authors: Bélouard Nadège , Petit Eric J. , Paillisson Jean‐Marc 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The arrival of non‐native species in a community can be deleterious for native species. The joint investigation of several descriptors of native populations susceptible to invaders, under different invasion contexts, may help in predicting the outcome of their co‐occurrence with invasive species. Moreover, empirical studies seldom document the relative importance of the effects of invasive species on native species compared with other factors.

Using survey data, we evaluated whether reproduction (larval density) and distribution of breeding sites of three amphibian species (Rana dalmatina, Lissotriton helveticus, and Triturus marmoratus) were related to the presence of invasive red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, compared to other native predators, habitat, and landscape features, in two pond networks that differed in invasion intensity.

The red swamp crayfish was only negatively associated with the larval density of one amphibian species studied. Its effect size was similar to that of some native predators, and much smaller than that of the canopy cover of ponds. Amphibians were widespread in the two pond networks. The occupancy of only one species in each network was negatively related to crayfish presence, while the occupancy of all species was negatively related to fish presence. The distribution of amphibian breeding sites was positively associated with aquatic vegetation cover.

Negative associations between amphibians and red swamp crayfish were detected only in a few cases, even in the most invaded area, and thus results were less alarming than in previous studies. Differences in ecological traits of native amphibians and interactions with other environmental factors may explain the variable effects of red swamp crayfish on native amphibian populations.
A realist evaluation of a regional Dementia Health Literacy Project
Authors: Grace Sandra , Horstmanshof Louise 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundA Dementia Health Literacy Project was undertaken in the north coast region of NSW, Australia, after it was identified as having a high prevalence of dementia. A Dementia Support Kit was produced with service user engagement to provide useful information to people with dementia and their families.ObjectiveTo evaluate the Dementia Health Literacy Project using a realist evaluation framework.Setting and participantsThe setting was the region of the north coast of New South Wales. Eight people diagnosed with dementia and their carers, 13 members of social groups of older people in the local area, and 22 local GPs and other health‐care and service providers participated in this study.ResultsTwo context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations were identified: (a) co‐design workshops where the stakeholders’ opinions were equally valued (context) led service users to feel listened to and prompted them to provide feedback (mechanism) to develop a practical resource that they would use (outcome); and (b) use of health professionals to distribute the resources (context) that they consider useful and valuable (mechanism) resulted in the target audience receiving the resources (outcome).Discussion and conclusionsThe Dementia Health Literacy Project produced a Dementia Support Kit that is likely to provide locally relevant and useful information for people with dementia and their carers. The results highlight the value of the co‐design approach in producing and disseminating dementia health literacy resources. Further evaluation is required to confirm the impact of the Kit over time on service users’ behaviour and consequently on their health outcomes.
Coastal biophysical processes and the biogeography of rocky intertidal species along the south‐eastern Pacific
Authors: Lara Carlos , Saldías Gonzalo S. , Cazelles Bernard , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. , Haye Pilar A. , Broitman Bernardo R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimWe assess the spatial distribution of a suite of coastal biophysical characteristics and how their variability is related to the distribution and geographic range of a diverse assemblage of coastal benthic species with different larval dispersal strategies.LocationSouth‐eastern Pacific (SEP) coast between 18°20′S and 42°35′S.MethodsBiophysical variability was assessed using chlorophyll‐a concentration, sea surface temperature and the signal of turbid river plumes derived from MODIS onboard the Aqua satellite. We established the dominant spatial components using wavelet and coherence analysis, and evaluated the biogeographic structure of 51 rocky intertidal species sampled over ~2,600 km along the SEP using multivariate classification and regression trees.ResultsBiogeographic breaks detected here were consistent with recent biogeographic classification schemes. Distribution breakpoints for species with lecithotrophic larvae clustered around 30°S. We observed a previously unreported break in the distribution of species with planktotrophic larval dispersal strategies around 35°S. These breaks are related to coherence in the spatial structure of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll‐a and river outflow over different temporal scales. Regions with similar biophysical characteristics, and the breaks the separate them, are in striking agreement with the biogeographic patterns revealed by the multivariate classification trees.Main conclusionsOur results reconcile patterns of biogeographic structure reported for other groups of species along the SEP coast. We suggest that river outflow, a poorly studied coastal environmental forcing, may play an important role in determining the geographic distribution of rocky shore species, probably through its effects on larval dispersal patterns.
Desolventizing kinetics of oilseed meals with superheated hexane
Authors: Faner Sandro A. , Perez Ethel E. , Crapiste Guillermo H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe desolventization kinetics of oilseed meals with superheated solvent was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A bench‐scale equipment was designed and built to measure continuously the rate of mass loss and the solid temperature during desolventization of meal particles. Experiments were carried out with sunflower and soy meals using superheated hexane vapor as desolventizing fluid and temperatures ranging from 90 °C to 135 °C. Experimental data were used to determine the vapor‐particle heat transfer coefficient under different conditions, which compare reasonably with predictions of dimensionless correlations for solid particles. A relatively simple mathematical model to represent the desolventization kinetics of individual meal particles, based on heat transfer in a receding front system, was developed. The model was used to analyze the effect of temperature, particle diameter, shrinkage and mass transfer on desolventizing rate. Prediction of desolventization kinetics of sunflower and soy meals compared satisfactorily against experimental results at different temperatures.Practical applicationsThis work expands the knowledge of technical information on the desolventization of sunflower and soybean meal particles with superheated hexane and provides a suitable model to represent the desolventizing kinetics under different conditions. This information can be applied to simulate, design and optimize the desolventizing process of oilseed meals with superheated solvent in fixed and fluidized beds.
Learning to Lead: Reflections from the Tideswell‐AGS‐ADGAP Emerging Leaders in Aging Program Scholars
Authors: Foley Kevin T. , Farrell Timothy W. , Salzman Brooke , Colburn Jessica L. , Kumar Chandrika , Rottman‐Sagebiel Rebecca , Wagner Laura M. , Abrams Joan , Chang Anna 
Published: January 2019

The Tideswell Emerging Leaders in Aging (ELIA) Program is a 1‐year leadership training program focused on developing a sustainable pipeline of leaders in aging who are poised to lead initiatives that will optimize the health of older people. The Tideswell ELIA Program is jointly administered by the American Geriatrics Society, the Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs, and Tideswell at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), a program within the Division of Geriatrics at UCSF. The ELIA Program prepares early to midcareer healthcare professionals in aging (scholars) for their transition into key leadership roles that involve one or more areas of patient care, education, and research. The program emphasizes the understanding of one's own and others' inherent work strategies and communication styles as integral to leading programs. Approximately 15 ELIA scholars are selected annually to participate in this interactive leadership development program.We conducted a qualitative analysis of program evaluations from 2015 to 2018 scholars (n = 47) to determine effectiveness and impact. All scholars (100%) completed the end‐of‐training survey. Scholars' satisfaction with the program is high. Scholars reported heightened leadership development and improvements in leadership skills, including communication, team building, and self‐awareness. Scholars also reported enhancement of personal leadership attributes that contributed to career advancement. The Tideswell ELIA Program accelerates scholars' personal career development, positively impacts their institutions, and ultimately benefits older people. Sustaining leadership programs such as the Tideswell ELIA Program is vital to ensure a continuous pipeline of leaders skilled in both advocating for and advancing the health of older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:434–436, 2019.
The Coercive Power of Debt: Migration and Deportation of Guatemalan Indigenous Youth
Authors: Heidbrink Lauren 
Published: January 2019

ResumenLa llegada de 68,500 niños no acompañados de América Central a los Estados Unidos en 2014 provocó un debate sobre si eran refugiados obligados a huir o inmigrantes voluntarios buscando oportunidades económicas. Lo que la dicotomía de la migración forzada/voluntaria pasa por alto, y lo que este artículo intenta corregir, son las dimensiones superpuestas de la coacción y la elección en las decisiones migratorias. Este artículo se centra en una causa emergente de migración entre jóvenes indígenas—la migración impulsada por deuda. Basado en una etnografía multi‐localizada en Guatemala, México y los Estados Unidos, este artículo examina el papel de la deuda en un ciclo de (re)migración y deportación entre los jóvenes Mam y K'iche. Detalla las múltiples e íntimas consecuencias de este ciclo sobre los jóvenes y sus familias, argumentando que el derecho internacional de los refugiados no reconoce el poder coercitivo de la deuda sobre el movimiento contemporáneo de los jóvenes.
The Spiritual Needs of Community‐Dwelling Older People Living With Early‐Stage Dementia—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Chia , Chan Sally Wai‐chi , Yeh Tzu‐Pei , Huang Yao‐Hui , Chien I‐Chia , Ma Wei‐Fen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the spiritual needs of community‐dwelling older people living with early‐stage dementia.DesignA descriptive qualitative research design with purposive sampling was used.MethodsTen older people who were receiving home care services from a mental hospital in central Taiwan were recruited. In‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted and content analysis was performed.FindingsFour themes emerged that described the spiritual wishes and needs of older people with early‐stage dementia: the wish to turn back time, the need to instill meaning into past experiences, the need to rely on faith‐based strength, and the wish to have one's remaining life under control. The spiritual needs centered on a strong yearning to engage in a tug‐of‐war with time to reverse the impaired memory and independence.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the spiritual needs of older people with early‐stage dementia. They struggled to maintain a balance between independence and dependence, build a sense of self and value, seek guidance and support from religious faith, and retain control over their lives.Clinical RelevanceThe findings can be expected to help caregivers improve care of older people with dementia by empowering older people to hold onto control in their lives and providing opportunities for them to connect with others for fulfilling their spiritual needs.
Botulinum toxin in the management of myofascial pain associated with temporomandibular dysfunction
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib , Patil Shankargouda , Alamir Abdul Wahab H. , Maddur Nagaraj , Arakeri Gururaj , Carrozzo Marco , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionCritical evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxins (BTX) is still lacking for most pain conditions. The aim of this review was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BTX in the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain.Materials and methodsElectronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched for randomized clinical trials until February 2018 to answer a focused question “What is the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain?” Two independent reviewers performed the study selection according to eligibility criteria.ResultsA total of seven studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Two studies showed a significant improvement in temporomandibular myofascial pain, and one study showed equal efficacy of BTX in comparison with facial manipulation, while the remaining studies did not report any significant difference between BTX and control group. Due to heterogeneity in the methodology and outcome assessment, a meta‐analysis and recalculation of risk could not be performed.ConclusionBased on our findings, the therapeutic efficacy of BTX was unclear. Randomized controlled trials with better methodological criteria need to be carried out to evaluate the real effectiveness of BTX.