bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UN local communities and Indigenous peoples' platform: A traditional ecological knowledge‐based evaluation
Authors: Shawoo Zoha , Thornton Thomas F. 
Published: February 2019

This review evaluates the potential of the proposed local communities and Indigenous peoples’ platform to effectively engage traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) for climate policy. Specifically, we assess the platform's potential to enable greater representation and participation of Indigenous peoples (IPs) within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). An analytical framework based on the extensive TEK and environmental management literature is developed, with a set of criteria identified against which to evaluate the platform. We find that although the process of designing the platform appears to be inclusive of Indigenous views, the structure itself does not recognize the roles that unequal power relations and colonialism play in marginalizing IPs. Limited attention is paid to the institutional barriers within the UNFCCC and the drawbacks of pursuing knowledge “integration” as an end in itself. Based on this, recommendations for improving the platform structure are put forward including using a rights‐based framing, giving greater decision‐making power to IPs, and developing mechanisms to ensure the holistic integrity of TEK and build the overall resilience of climate mitigation and adaptation systems.This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
The Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Erectile Dysfunction Treatment and Management Published in the Sexual Medicine Literature
Authors: Greenberg Daniel R. , Richardson Michael T. , Tijerina Jonathan D. , Bass Michelle B. , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common medical condition that requires high-quality evidence to guide clinical practice; however, systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) often vary in quality, raising concerns regarding the validity of their results.

Aim
To perform an objective analysis of SRs and MAs in ED treatment and management and to report on the quality of published literature.

Methods
A comprehensive search in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE of 12 high-impact urology journals was used to identify relevant publications. 2 authors independently performed searches, screened citations for eligibility, extracted data for analysis, and graded methodologic quality using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) criteria.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome was AMSTAR score, which is a validated tool to evaluate the quality of SRs and MAs.

Results
31 publications met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The mean AMSTAR score (± SD) among all publications was 6.5 (±2.2) of 11, reflecting “fair to good” quality. 74.2% of systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on pharmaceutical therapy for ED, with 51.6% studying the effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Only 1 SR/MA studied intracavernosal injection therapy and vacuum erection devices. No publications studied intraurethral injection therapy or implantable penile prostheses. Although not statistically significant, there has been a trend of increasing quality of SRs/MAs over time (P = .072).

Clinical Implication
The methodologic quality of SRs/MAs should be assessed to ensure high-quality evidence for clinical practice guidelines in ED treatment and management.

Strength & Limitation
The data showed that methodologic quality of SRs/MAs in the treatment and management of ED is increasing over time. 12 high-impact urology journals were included in our search, which may introduce selection bias in our results.

Conclusions
This review highlights a need for increased effort to study second- and third-line treatments for patients who fail oral therapy.
Three ways in which GDPR impacts authentication
Authors: McDowell Brett 
Published: February 2019

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been enforced across the European Union (EU) since late May, and is widely considered the single most significant change to data protection law in two decades, impacting a countless number of organisations across the globe that collect and process information from EU citizens. 1 This very much includes those in charge of online authentication, given the sensitive nature of the data being protected by those authentication systems, and the regulatory consequences of providing inadequate protections for that data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is widely considered the most significant change to data protection law in two decades, impacting organisations across the globe. This includes those in charge of online authentication. Businesses previously focused on implementing informed consent to comply with the GDPR need to also look at implementing stronger authentication that improves their users’ experience while complying with the GDPR's rigorous requirements, explains Brett McDowell of the FIDO Alliance.
Prevention of hospital-acquired respiratory viral infections: Assessment of a multimodal intervention program
Authors: Mermel Leonard A. , Jefferson Julie A. , Smit Michael A. , Auld Dianne B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA multimodal program focused on preventing nosocomial respiratory viral infections. Definite cases per 1,000 discharges increased 1.3-fold in hospital units screening visitors for respiratory viral symptoms during the 2017–2018 respiratory virus season but not during the 2016–2017 season. Definite cases per 1,000 discharges increased 3.1-fold in hospital units that did not screen visitors either season.
High-intensity pulsed ion beam focusing by its own space charge
Authors: Zhu X.P. , Zhang Q. , Ding L. , Zhang C.C. , Isakova Yu. , Prima A. , Pushkarev A. , Lei M.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study on propagation and focusing of high-intensity pulsed ion beams, produced by a self-magnetically insulated diode of semi-cylindrical geometry at the TEMP-6 accelerator (120 ns, 200–250 kV). We examined the space-charge neutralization of the beam, the energy density in the focus, the divergence of the beam, and its shot-to-shot displacement in the focal plane. It is found that the concentration of low-energy electrons in the beam is 1.3–1.5 times higher than the concentration of ions. We observed additional ion focusing by its own space charge. With an increase in the density of the net negative (electrons and ions) charge of the beam from 3.6 to 9 µC/cm2, the total divergence (the sum of the beam divergence in the vertical and horizontal planes) decreases from 11.4 to 4.5°. It leads to an increase in the energy density in the focus from 4 up to 10–12 J/cm2. To increase the electrons concentration in the beam, a metal grid installed in the ion beam transport region was used.
Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations
Authors: Sebastian Rhonda S , Wilkinson Enns Cecilia , Goldman Joseph D , Hoy M Katherine , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P&lt;0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.
A practical solution to improve the nutritional balance of Korean dine-out menus using linear programming
Authors: Kim Jang Ho , Kim Woo Chang , Kim Jihye 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe analysed optimal nutrient levels using linear programming (LP) to reveal nutritional shortcomings of Korean dine-out meals and to stress the importance of fruits and dairy products for maintaining a healthy diet.DesignLP models that minimize deviation from recommended nutrient values were formulated to analyse deficiency or excess of nutrients under the best situation.SettingKorean dine-out menus and nutritional information were taken from the nutrient composition tables for dine-out menus developed by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the nutrient database from Computerized Analysis Program. Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges of macronutrients such as carbohydrate, protein and fat, and recommended intake levels for energy, vitamins, minerals and cholesterol, by sex, were based on the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans aged 30–49 years.ParticipantsOptimization was performed on selecting the optimal Korean meal combination.ResultsLP optimization models showed that it is unlikely to satisfy all nutrient recommendations with any combination of dine-out menus. Specifically, meal combinations of Korean dine-out menus had high levels of Na and cholesterol and low levels of vitamins and minerals. Four formulations were considered to compare the effects of controlling Na and including fruit and dairy products. The unbalanced diet was resolved with extra consumption of fruits and dairy products.ConclusionsThe best meal combination in dine-out menus, even though the proportion and pairing of menus may be unrealistic, is not healthy, and thus one should consume fruits and dairy products to maintain a balanced diet.
Obesogenic food consumption among young children: the role of maltreatment
Authors: Jackson Dylan B , Vaughn Michael G 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether children exposed to a greater variety of acts of parent-to-child physical and psychological maltreatment will be at greater risk of consuming obesogenic foods at a higher frequency.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design.SettingIn-home interviews with primary caregivers in twenty large US cities.ParticipantsA national sample of at-risk children and their families who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS).ResultsChild maltreatment emerged as a statistically significant (P<0·01) and robust predictor of obesogenic food consumption, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Child maltreatment also consistently emerged as one of the strongest predictors of obesogenic food consumption in these models. Ancillary analyses indicated that physical maltreatment plays a particularly important role in these associations.ConclusionsA major implication of the present study is that child maltreatment prevention efforts should be reflected in interventions that seek to diminish unhealthy eating practices among children. Multi-professional teams can work together on obesity prevention not only via education but also by considering the interconnectedness of obesogenic food consumption and experiences of maltreatment.
Connecting genebanks to farmers in East Africa through the distribution of vegetable seed kits
Authors: Stoilova Tsvetelina , van Zonneveld Maarten , Roothaert Ralph , Schreinemachers Pepijn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGenebanks explore new partnerships with farmers and other user groups to provide smallholder farmers in Africa better access to crop diversity for improved nutrition, climate change adaptation and agricultural diversification. This paper shows how the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) genebank of traditional African vegetables and its partners distributed over 42,000 seed kits containing over 183,000 vegetable seed samples from 2013 to 2017 to smallholder farmers in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. The seed kits contained seed samples of promising accessions and open-pollinated breeding lines of traditional African vegetables, and to a lower degree of tomato,Capsicumpepper and soybean, usually enough to plant in a home garden. We identified four research questions to better understand the role of vegetable seed kits in strengthening local seed systems, impact on local vegetable diversity, improving human nutrition and supporting climate-resilient agriculture. As formal seed systems expand their reach, the genebank's role to supply vegetable diversity to public and private breeding programmes becomes more important. To optimize supply of vegetable diversity, the WorldVeg genebank of traditional African vegetables continues working with partners in both formal and local seed systems.
Biogeochemical Cycling of Dissolved Zinc in the Western Arctic (Arctic GEOTRACES GN01)
Authors: Jensen L. T. , Wyatt N. J. , Twining B. S. , Rauschenberg S. , Landing W. M. , Sherrell R. M. , Fitzsimmons J. N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe biogeochemical cycling of dissolved zinc (dZn) was investigated in the Western Arctic along the U.S. GEOTRACES GN01 section. Vertical profiles of dZn in the Arctic are strikingly different than the classic “nutrient‐type” profile commonly seen in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, instead exhibiting higher surface concentrations (~1.1 nmol/kg), a shallow subsurface absolute maximum (~4–6 nmol/kg) at 200 m coincident with a macronutrient maximum, and low deep water concentrations (~1.3 nmol/kg) that are homogeneous (sp.) with depth. In contrast to other ocean basins, typical inputs such as rivers, atmospheric inputs, and especially deep remineralization are insignificant in the Arctic. Instead, we demonstrate that dZn distributions in the Arctic are controlled primarily by (1) shelf fluxes following the sediment remineralization of high Zn:C and Zn:Si cells and the seaward advection of those fluxes and (2) mixing of dZn from source waters such as the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans rather than vertical biological regeneration of dZn. This results in both the unique profile shapes and the largely decoupled relationship between dZn and Si found in the Arctic. We found a weak dZn:Si regression in the full water column (0.077 nmol/μmol, r2 = 0.58) that is higher than the global slope (0.059 nmol/μmol, r2 = 0.94) because of the shelf‐derived halocline dZn enrichments. We hypothesize that the decoupling of Zn:Si in Western Arctic deep waters results primarily from a past ventilation event with unique preformed Zn:Si stoichiometries.
Three‐Dimensional Surface Deformation in the 2016 MW7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake From Optical Image Correlation: Implications for Strain Localization and Long‐Term Evolution of the Pacific‐Australian Plate Boundary
Authors: Zinke Robert , Hollingsworth James , Dolan James F. , Van Dissen Russ 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe generated dense, high‐resolution 3‐D ground displacement maps for the 2016 MW7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand earthquake—the most geometrically and kinematically complex rupture yet recorded—from stereo WorldView optical satellite imagery using a new methodology that combines subpixel image correlation with a ray‐tracing approach. Our analysis reveals fundamental new details of near‐field displacement patterns, which cannot easily be obtained through other methods. From our detailed correlation maps, we measured fault slip in 3‐D along 19 faults at 500‐m spacing. Minimum resolvable horizontal slip is ~0.1 m, and vertical is ~0.5 m. Net slip measurements range from <1 to ~12 m. System‐level kinematic analysis shows that slip on faults north of the Hope fault was oriented primarily subparallel to the Pacific‐Australian plate motion direction. In contrast, slip on faults to the south was primarily at high angle to the plate motion and secondarily parallel to plate motion. Fault kinematics are in some locations consistent with long‐term uplift patterns, but inconsistent in others. Deformation within the Seaward Kaikōura Range may indicate an attempt by the plate boundary fault system to geometrically simplify. Comparison of published field measurements along the Kekerengu fault with our correlation‐derived measurements reveals that ~36% of surface displacement was accommodated as distributed off‐fault deformation when considering only field measurements of discrete slip. Comparatively, field measurements that project previously linear features (e.g., fence lines) into the fault over apertures >5–100 m capture nearly all (~90%) of the surface deformation.
Accelerated Fill‐Up of the Arbuckle Group Aquifer and Links to U.S. Midcontinent Seismicity
Authors: Ansari E. , Bidgoli T. S. , Hollenbach A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Arbuckle Group aquifer is the principal disposal zone for oil and gas field brines and hazardous/nonhazardous wastewater across the U.S. midcontinent and is traditionally viewed as an infinite capacity aquifer. Thousands of wells annually dispose hundreds of millions of barrels of wastewater into the aquifer across Kansas and Oklahoma, but direct links between injection and recent increases in seismicity have been hindered by a lack of pressure data for the Arbuckle Group. Here we present a newly compiled data set for 49 wells across Kansas that provides a unique perspective on the aquifer's performance over two decades. Statistical analysis of falloff test pressures, static fluid levels, and injection volumes shows that Arbuckle pressures and fluid levels are rising, recently at faster rates, likely associated with increased wastewater injection. The new data also suggest that the pressure diffusion, the primary driver of induced seismicity, can reach distances up to 25 km from an injection point and is connected to static fluid level rises. The compiled dataset explains the recent surge in midcontinent seismicity. The data set also suggests that the Arbuckle has finite storage capacity and that wastewater disposal across parts of the midcontinent may soon require alternatives.
Multiple Observations of the Prompt Elastogravity Signals Heralding Direct Seismic Waves
Authors: Vallée Martin , Juhel Kévin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe recent first observations of the prompt elastogravity signals (PEGS) induced by the 2011 Mw = 9.1 Tohoku megathrust earthquake generated interest in how these signals might best be observed, especially for lower‐magnitude events. Simulations of these signals preceding the direct P wave, for different depths and focal mechanisms, first reveal that shallow strike‐slip earthquakes offer a better detection potential than subduction megathrust earthquakes. Consistently, clear PEGS are observed at several broadband seismometers during the 2012 Mw = 8.6 Wharton Basin earthquake. Due to their short source durations, large deep earthquakes are then shown to have an even larger detection potential, confirmed by the successful seismological observations for the 2018 Mw = 8.2 Fiji and 1994 Mw = 8.2 Bolivia earthquakes. Detection is even improved when an earthquake is recorded by a number of good‐quality stations, allowing for stacking techniques. Thanks to the deployment of the USArray network across Alaska, the recent 2018 Mw = 7.9 off‐Alaska earthquake (strike slip) is thus observed with an excellent signal‐to‐noise ratio. Array stacking is also shown to reveal the PEGS induced by the large 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule megathrust earthquake, for which individual observations are impeded by the long‐lasting radiation generated by a distant large earthquake. As a whole, we show new observations and successful modeling of the PEGS for five earthquakes in the 7.9–8.8 magnitude range. These findings demonstrate that, even without considering promising future instruments, the PEGS detection is not restricted to exceptional events, confirming their potential for magnitude and focal mechanism determination within the few minutes following a large earthquake.
Search for Microphysical Signatures of Stochastic Condensation in Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Using Airborne Digital Holography
Authors: Desai N. , Glienke S. , Fugal J. , Shaw R. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDroplet growth due to stochastic condensation has been considered as one of the mechanisms to cause broadening of cloud droplet size distributions and jump the bottleneck between droplet growth due to diffusion and collision‐coalescence. Digital in‐line holography is used to measure variations in droplet number concentration and droplet size in marine boundary layer clouds. Distributions of phase relaxation times are quite broad for some clouds. Turbulence correlation times are estimated, and the comparison of these with phase relaxation times suggests that clouds exist in both fast and slow microphysical regimes. Presumed signatures of stochastic condensation, such as increasing relative size dispersion and increasing droplet size with decreasing number density, are observed.
Understanding Iodine Chemistry Over the Northern and Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Mahajan Anoop S. , Tinel Liselotte , Sarkar Amit , Chance Rosie , Carpenter Lucy J. , Hulswar Shrivardhan , Mali Prithviraj , Prakash Satya , Vinayachandran P. N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObservations of halogen oxides, ozone, meteorological parameters, and physical and biogeochemical water column measurements were made in the Indian Ocean and its marine boundary layer as a part of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE‐2). The expedition took place on board the oceanographic research vessel Sagar Nidhi during 4–22 December 2015 from Goa, India, to Port Louis, Mauritius. Observations of mixed layer depth, averaged temperature, salinity, and nitrate concentrations were used to calculate predicted iodide concentrations in the seawater. The inorganic iodine ocean‐atmosphere flux (hypoiodous acid [HOI] and molecular iodine [I2]) was computed using the predicted iodide concentrations, measured atmospheric ozone, and wind speed. Iodine oxide (IO) mixing ratios peaked at 0.47 ± 0.29 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) in the remote open ocean environment. The estimated iodide concentrations and HOI and I2 fluxes peaked at 200/500 nM, 410/680 nmol·m−2·day−1, and 20/80 nmol·m−2·day−1, respectively, depending on the parameterization used. The calculated fluxes for HOI and I2 were higher closer to the Indian subcontinent; however, atmospheric IO was only observed above the detection limit in the remote open ocean environment. We use NO2 observations to show that titration of IO by NO2 is the main reason for this result. These observations show that inorganic iodine fluxes and atmospheric IO show similar trends in the Indian Ocean marine boundary layer, but the impact of inorganic iodine emissions on iodine chemistry is buffered in elevated NOx environments, even though the estimated oceanic iodine fluxes are higher.