bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycosyltransferase B4GALNT1 promotes immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma via the HES4-SPP1-TAM/Th2 axis
Authors: Wang Zhifeng , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Xiaoming , Wu Qingyun , Peng Qiao , Yang Tianxiao , Sun Xuehui , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Yilin , Wu Weicheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstractβ-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I (B4GALNT1) is a key glycosyltransferase for gangliosides. Its aberrant expression has been observed in various cancers, and its potential roles in tumor immunity were suggested recently. However, how B4GALNT1 regulate tumor progression and tumor immunity remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of B4GALNT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment, and evaluate the potential beneficial effects of targeting B4GALNT1 in immunotherapy. Our data verified the aberrant upregulation of B4GALNT1 in HCC tumor tissues and tumor cells, which could be utilized as an independent prognostic factor and improve the predicting performance of traditional tumor node metastasis (TNM) system. We also demonstrated that B4GALNT1 increased the phosphorylation of Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 4 (HES4) via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38)/ c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in tumor cells, thus increasing the transcriptional activity of HES4, which upregulated the synthesis and secretion of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), modulated the composition of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, and eventually reshaped the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, silencing B4GALNT1 was proved to enhance the tumor-killing efficiency of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeting strategy in mouse model. In conclusion, this study evaluated B4GALNT1 as a prognostic predictor for HCC patients and revealed the mechanism of B4GALNT1 in microenvironmental remodeling, which extends the understanding of HCC progression and provides a novel auxiliary strategy for HCC immunotherapy.
External Ventricular Drain Misadministration Events: Systematic Literature Review and Report of a Case
Authors: Abramyan Arevik , Belykh Evgenii , Ruchi Patel , Gillick John , Goldstein Ira 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
External ventricular drain (EVD) is a common neurosurgical procedure with potential complications, including catheter misplacement, infection, mechanical obstruction, and inadvertent catheter pull-out. A less discussed but critical complication is the misadministration of medications into EVD. This project aimed to review the literature on EVD misadministration and discuss preventative measures, emphasizing the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for neuraxial connectors.

METHODS:
A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS databases was conducted to identify studies reporting misadministration in EVD systems. We also present a case of misadministration of a blood product into an EVD. Factors contributing to these events were researched, relevant guidelines from professional organizations were reviewed, and preventive strategies, including the novel NRFit® connector designed to prevent such errors, were discussed.

RESULTS:
The literature review identified 7 reports of 8 cases of misadministration involving substances such as gadolinium-based contrast agents, anesthetic agents, and antiepileptic drugs. In addition, we report a case of an 87-year-old man with multiple traumatic brain injuries, where a blood transfusion line was mistakenly connected to the EVD. This incident is the first reported case of blood misadministration through EVD. Despite immediate drainage and flushing of the EVD system with saline, the patient's condition did not improve, and he eventually died. Contributing factors included unfamiliarity with the EVD system, similarity to IV connectors, and poor visibility during procedures. Importantly, the novel ISO 80369 standard for all neuraxial connectors, including NRFit® connectors that have a 20% smaller nozzle outside diameter than traditional Luer connectors, has been recommended to prevent misconnection errors and mitigate associated risks.

CONCLUSION:
Misadministration to EVD connectors is a preventable event that highlights the need for enhanced safety solutions. Adoption of ISO standard neuraxial connectors, thorough training, and the use of distinctly marked equipment are critical steps in minimizing risks.
Training Status Influences Regulation of Muscle and PBMC TLR4 Expression and Systemic Cytokine Responses to Vigorous Endurance Exercise
Authors: Ducharme Jeremy B. , Specht Jonathan W. , Bailly Alyssa R. , Fennel Zachary J. , Nava Roberto C. , Mermier Christine M. , Laitano Orlando , Deyhle Michael R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A bout of vigorous endurance exercise transiently activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reduces TLR4 protein expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Endurance training, on the other hand, reduces TLR4-mediated signaling and minimizes the physiological stress imposed by exercise. Less is known about what occurs in skeletal muscle regarding TLR4 regulation and signaling. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of TLR4 expressed in different tissue types (PBMCs and skeletal muscle samples) between endurance-trained and untrained men following vigorous endurance exercise and determine the effect of training status on cytokine responses associated with TLR4 activation.

Methods
Endurance-trained (n = 7) and untrained (n = 5) men cycled for 1-hr at their respiratory compensation point, with blood and skeletal muscle samples collected pre- and 3-hours post-exercise.

Results
In response to vigorous exercise, untrained men experienced a decrease in inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) protein (suggesting IκB degradation and the activation of TLR4-associated transcription factor NF-κB) and TLR4 protein levels, along with a simultaneous increase in TLR4 mRNA expression in both skeletal muscle and PBMCs. Moreover, this exercise session led to elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Collectively, these results suggest a heightened TLR4-mediated signaling pathway in untrained men. However, no changes in these targets were observed in endurance-trained men, possibly indicating a potential mechanism by which regular endurance training blunts systemic inflammation.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the potential of endurance training to mitigate TLR4-mediated signaling, such as systemic inflammation, and shed light on the effects of exercise on TLR4 expression in PBMCs and skeletal muscle.
ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF ENSURING NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Syshchikova Elena N. , Bogdanova Marina V. , Makarova Ekaterina E. 
Published: December 2024

The article considers and substantiates a set of measures to ensure economic security in modern, sanctioned economic conditions, which can include: the results of the impact of a package of sanctions from unfriendly foreign states in the period from 2022-2024 with a forecast until 2026. The necessity of ensuring economic security in the prevailing conditions is proved. The authors, based on the analysis of economic processes, substantiate the need to ensure economic security as a tool to counteract the impact of sanctions, and propose directions for finding reserves in conditions of severe economic sanctions.
Objective. Development of recommendations on measures to ensure national economic security, taking into account its current level and the state of the external environment.
Method and methodology of the work. To achieve the goal set in the article, the authors used methods of comparative, logical and statistical analysis. The analysis of the main economic indicators was applied, the dynamics of economic development indicators was compared.
Results. The directions of ensuring economic security have been developed, including: 1. maximum localization of production of critical products; 2. support for manufacturers providing parallel imports of industrial and technical products to Russia; 3. the level of investment support. 4. using the development of the military-industrial complex as a driver of growth in the future (taking into account its comprehensive modernization); 5. supporting the country's financial system using stabilization tools and sound economic policy.
Practical implications. The results obtained can be used as a basis for ensuring economic security, taking into account modern conditions formed under the influence of sanctions.
Acetabular rim syndrome revisited
Authors: Morris William Z. , Haider Shamrez , Hinds Sean T. , Podeszwa David , Ellis Henry , Osborne Lauren , Anable Nicholas , Sucato Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AimsThere has been limited literature regarding outcomes of acetabular rim syndrome (ARS) with persistent acetabular os in the setting of acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to characterize a cohort of adolescent and young adult patients with ARS with persistent os and compare their radiological and clinical outcomes to patients with acetabular dysplasia without an os.MethodsWe reviewed a prospective database of patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia between January 1999 and December 2021 to identify hips with preoperative os acetabuli, defined as a closed triradiate cartilage but persistence of a superolateral os acetabulum. A total of 14 hips in 12 patients with persistent os acetabuli (ARS cohort) were compared to 50 randomly selected ‘control’ hips without persistent os acetabuli. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were measured for markers of dysplasia: lateral centre-edge angle, anterior centre-edge angle, acetabular inclination, and migration index. Union of the os was determined in patients with ≥ six months’ follow-up. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS, maximum score 80) completed at one year postoperatively.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the ARS and control cohorts with regard to sex distribution (p = 0.270), age at surgery (p = 0.186), or BMI (p = 0.442). Preoperatively, the ARS cohort had more severe dysplasia, including lower lateral centre-edge angle (-9.3° (SD 12.5°) vs 7.6° (SD 10.7°); p < 0.001) and greater acetabular inclination (33.9° (SD 8.2°) vs 21.8° (SD 8.7°); p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 6/13 (46%) hips with ≥ six months of radiological follow up demonstrated union of the os. There was no difference between the ARS and control cohorts at one year in UCLA score (9.1 (SD 1.5) vs 8.2 (SD 1.9); p = 0.167) or mHHS (73.4 (SD 9.5) vs 69.9 (SD 8.8); p = 0.312).ConclusionARS with persistent acetabular os may occur in more severe dysplasia. Union occurs in 50% cases following corrective PAO.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1393–1398.
Single-stage orthoplastic treatment of complex calcaneal osteomyelitis with large soft-tissue defects
Authors: Down Billy , Ferguson Jamie , Loizou Constantinos , McNally Martin , Ramsden Alex , Stubbs David , Kendal Adrian 
Published: December 2024

AimsCalcaneal osteomyelitis remains a difficult condition to treat with high rates of recurrence and below-knee amputation, particularly in the presence of severe soft-tissue destruction. This study assesses the outcomes of single-stage orthoplastic surgical treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis with large soft-tissue defects.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent combined single-stage orthoplastic treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis (01/2008 to 12/2022). Primary outcome measures were osteomyelitis recurrence and below-knee amputation (BKA). Secondary outcome measures included flap failure, operating time, complications, and length of stay.ResultsA total of 30 patients (14 female, 16 male; mean age 53.7 years (95% CI 48.0 to 59.5)) underwent combined orthoplastic surgical treatment for BACH “complex” calcaneal osteomyelitis with a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR 11.75 to 49.25). Of these, 19 received a local flap and 11 received a free flap. The most common causes were fracture-related infection (n = 12; 40%) and ulceration (n = 10; 33%); 21 patients (70%) had already undergone at least one operation elsewhere. Osteomyelitis was eradicated in 23 patients (77%). There were seven patients who developed recurrent osteomyelitis (23%), all in the local flap group. One patient required a BKA. Univariate analysis revealed that local flap reconstruction (OR 13.5 (95% CI 0.7 to 269.7); p = 0.029) and peripheral vascular disease (OR 16.5 (95% CI 1.35 to 203.1); p = 0.008) were associated with increased risk of recurrence. Free flap reconstruction took significantly longer intraoperatively than local flaps (mean 481 minutes (408 to 554) vs mean 168 minutes (119 to 216); p < 0.001), but without significant differences in length of stay or frequency of outpatient appointments.ConclusionIn our study involving 30 patients, single-stage orthoplastic management was associated with 77% (n = 23) eradication of infection and only one amputation in this complex and comorbid patient group. Risk factors for failure were peripheral vascular disease and local flap reconstruction. While good outcomes can be achieved, this treatment requires high levels of inpatient and outpatient care.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1443–1450.
Optimizing debridement and implant retention in acute periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Fontalis Andreas , Yasen Adam T. , Giebaly Dia E. , Luo Tianyi D. , Magan Ahmed , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: December 2024

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a complex challenge in orthopaedic surgery associated with substantial morbidity and healthcare expenditures. The debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) protocol is a viable treatment, offering several advantages over exchange arthroplasty. With the evolution of treatment strategies, considerable efforts have been directed towards enhancing the efficacy of DAIR, including the development of a phased debridement protocol for acute PJI management. This article provides an in-depth analysis of DAIR, presenting the outcomes of single-stage, two-stage, and repeated DAIR procedures. It delves into the challenges faced, including patient heterogeneity, pathogen identification, variability in surgical techniques, and antibiotics selection. Moreover, critical factors that influence the decision-making process between single- and two-stage DAIR protocols are addressed, including team composition, timing of the intervention, antibiotic regimens, and both anatomical and implant-related considerations. By providing a comprehensive overview of DAIR protocols and their clinical implications, this annotation aims to elucidate the advancements, challenges, and potential future directions in the application of DAIR for PJI management. It is intended to equip clinicians with the insights required to effectively navigate the complexities of implementing DAIR strategies, thereby facilitating informed decision-making for optimizing patient outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1377–1384.
Deficient postoperative anterior wall index adversely affects joint survival after transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum in patients with hip dysplasia
Authors: Fujii Masanori , Tanaka Shiori , Kawano Shunsuke , Ueno Masaya , Nagamine Satomi , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: December 2024

AimsThis study aimed to determine clinical outcomes; relationships between postoperative anterior, lateral, and posterior acetabular coverage and joint survival; and prognostic factors for joint survival after transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA).MethodsData from 616 patients (800 hips) with hip dysplasia who underwent TOA between November 1998 and December 2019 were reviewed. The median follow-up period was 8.9 years (IQR 5 to 14). A medical notes review was conducted to collect demographic data, complications, and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Radiological indicators of acetabular coverage included lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), anterior wall index (AWI), and posterior wall index (PWI). The cumulative probability of TOA failure (progression to Tönnis grade 3 or conversion to total hip arthroplasty) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limited method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for failure.ResultsMedian mHHS improved from 68 preoperatively to 96 at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The overall joint survival rate was 97% at ten years and 70% at 20 years. For the postoperative LCEA subgroups, survival in the deficient group was lower than that in the excessive (p = 0.006) and normal (p = 0.007) groups. For the postoperative AWI subgroups, survival in the deficient group was lower than that in the excessive (p = 0.015) and normal (p < 0.001) groups. Multivariate analysis identified age (p = 0.010), Tönnis grade 2 (p < 0.001), roundness index (p = 0.003), fair joint congruity (p = 0.004), and postoperative AWI (p = 0.002) as independent risk factors.ConclusionDeﬁcient postoperative AWI adversely affected joint survival after TOA, underscoring the importance of sufficient anterior acetabular coverage, along with precise surgical indications, to ensure successful hip joint preservation in the treatment of hip dysplasia.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1399–1407.
December 2024 Pulmonary Case of the Month: Two Birds in the Bush Is Better than One in the Hand
Authors:   University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA, VonEssen Susanna 
Published: December 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words.
History of Present Illness
A 48-year-old man is referred for dyspnea on exertion and a nonproductive cough. He was well until 6 months prior to this visit. He feels he has had “flu-like symptoms” over the past month.
PMH, SH, and FH
He has had intermittent atrial fibrillation controlled by digoxin but also clopidogrel as an anticoagulant. He has symptoms of hay fever and had asthma as a child.
He has never smoked and rarely drinks. Pets include two dogs and a cat. He is a university English literature professor and his office is an old building but the building is clean and well maintained. Hobbies include playing guitar in a rock-n-roll band.
His family history is unremarkable.
Physical Examination
His physical examination including lungs and cardiovascular examination is unremarkable.
Which of the following are indicated for further workup?
1.	Chest X-ray
2.	Electrocardiogram (ECG)
3.	Pulmonary function testing (PFTs) …
Studi Batimetri Dan Pasang Surut Untuk Rekomendasi Alur Pelayaran Di Dermaga Pelabuhan Marunda
Authors: Mukhtar Shofa Ahsani , Handoyo Gentur , Setiyono Heryoso 
Published: December 2024

Tanjung Priok direncanakan oleh Kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok berbagai pengembangan dan tatanan kedepannya. sehingga perlu dilakukan penataan perairan di wilayah perairan Marunda baik alur pelayaran keluar-masuk pelabuhan Marunda di beberapa terminal serta zonasi labuh kapal-kapal dalam menjamin Keselamatan Pelayaran dan perlindungan maritim. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui profil kedalaman untuk penentuan jalur masuk pelabuhan guna referensi alur pelayaran yang aman dalam membantu upaya optimalisasi pengembangan Pelabuhan Marunda. Data primer yang didapatkan berupa data kedalaman dan data pengamatan pasang surut. Pengambilan dilakukan menggunakan alat pemeruman berupa Singleneam Echosounder DF3200 – MK-III dan data pengamatan pasang surut menggunakan Digital Tide Gauge (Water Level Recorder) Valemort Tide Master. Perairan Pelabuhan Marunda memiliki tipe pasang surut bersifat harian tunggal (diurnal tide). Kedalaman terkoreksi pada saat LWS(Low Water Spring) pada perairan Pelabuhan Marunda yaitu pada area dermaga kedalaman terdangkal sebesar 1.8 meter dan yang terdalam sebesar 15 meter. Kunjungan kapal didapatkan draft kapal terbesar yang beraktivitas di pelabuhan marunda adalah 5.5 meter. Nilai sarat aman yang didapatkan dijadikan referensi yang berupa peta alur pelayaran yang aman menuju dermaga dengan menghindari area dangkal dan mengikuti area dengan kedalaman yang disarankan.
Determinasi Teripang Dari Sisi Perairan Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Wodi Stevy Imelda Murniati , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Riyadi Putut Har , Pringgenies Delianis 
Published: December 2024

This research focused on determination of sea cucumber in Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi. This study aims to explore species diversity of sea cucumber. Samples were collected with scuba diving and underwater camera, for morphological and spicule identification. This research found found 5 species in Sangihe Island, are Personothuria graffei, Bohadchia argus, Stichopus horrens, Holothuria fuscogilva, and Actinopyga miliaris. Pearsonothuria graffei had silk-likely colour, and Bohadchia argus with a dotted pattern around the body. Meanwhile, Stichopus horrens, Holothuria fuscogilva, and Actinopyga miliaris had a difference in body shape and the colour. This research significantly revealed the species diversity of sea cucumber for the sustainable resources along with the protection of the environmental condition in Sangihe Island waters, North Sulawesi. The information can be utilized as a step to protect and preserve the existence of sea cucumbers, which are a crucial component of the marine ecosystem. Penelitian tentang teripang di sisi perairan kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara merupakan studi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis teripang yang hidup di daerah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan sampel menggunakan scuba diving dan kamera bawah air. Penggunaan scuba diving memungkinkan untuk mengumpulkan sampel sehingga memungkinkan juga ambil foto teripang dibawah air dengan habitatnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya lima jenis teripang yang ditemukan, yaitu Pearsonothuria graeffei (Sutra), Bohadchia argus (Bintik/Batik), Stichopus horrens, Holothuria fuscogilva, dan Actinopyga miliaris. Pearsonothuria graeffei adalah teripang yang memiliki ciri khas berwarna seperti sutra, Bohadchia argus memiliki bintik atau motif batik pada tubuhnya, sedangkan Stichopus horrens, Holothuria fuscogilva, dan Actinopyga miliaris memiliki perbedaan dalam bentuk dan warna tubuhnya. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi penting tentang diversitas teripang di sisi perairan kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara. Koleksi sampel yang dilakukan juga dapat memberikan gambaran tentang kondisi ekosistem perairan tersebut. Informasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai langkah untuk melindungi dan mempertahankan keberadaan teripang yang menjadi bagian penting dari ekosistem laut.
Low-cost rolling ball viscometer for the evaluation of Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Diañez Isabel , Martínez Inmaculada , Jerez Abel , Franco José M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article describes the design and testing of a low-cost automatic rolling-ball viscometer. The device has been manufactured from three-dimensional printed parts and conventional and affordable mechanical and electronic components. It is controlled by an Arduino MEGA with a custom code that includes manual and automatic measuring modes. Both the type of viscometer and the models used are, in principle, valid for Newtonian and power-law fluids. However, measurement and calculation procedures have been developed that also makes it possible to determine the viscosity of Herschel–Bulkley fluids that might exhibit a yield stress behaviour within the range studied. By these procedures, viscosity values have been obtained for model fluids – Newtonian, power-law, and Herschel–Bulkley fluids – and compared to those obtained with a commercial rotational rheometer. The proposed setup and measuring method have thus proven to provide very reasonably accurate viscosity values for a low-cost device.