bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of solar flares on the ionosphere as shown by the dynamics of ionograms recorded in Europe and South Africa
Authors: Barta Veronika , Sátori Gabriella , Berényi Kitti Alexandra , Kis Árpád , Williams Earle 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We have investigated the solar flare effects on
ionospheric absorption with the systematic analysis of ionograms measured at
midlatitude and low-latitude ionosonde stations under different solar zenith
angles. The lowest recorded ionosonde echo, the minimum frequency (fmin, a
qualitative proxy for the “nondeviative” radio wave absorption occurring
in the D-layer), and the dfmin parameter (difference between the value of
the fmin and the mean fmin for reference days) have been considered. Data
were provided by meridionally distributed ionosonde stations in Europe and
South Africa during eight X- and M-class solar flares in solar cycle 23.
Total and partial radio fade-out was experienced at every ionospheric
station during intense solar flares (> M6). The duration of the
total radio fade-out varied between 15 and 150 min and it was highly
dependent on the solar zenith angle of the ionospheric stations.
Furthermore, a solar-zenith-angle-dependent enhancement of the fmin (2–9 MHz) and dfmin (1–8 MHz) parameters was observed at almost every station.
The fmin and dfmin parameters show an increasing trend with the enhancement
of the X-ray flux. Based on our results, the dfmin parameter is a good
qualitative measure for the relative variation of the “nondeviative”
absorption, especially in the case of the less intense solar flares, which do
not cause total radio fade-out in the ionosphere (class < M6).
Áreas verdes e qualidade de vida: uso e percepção ambiental de um parque urbano na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Santos Talita Batista dos , Nascimento Ana Paula Branco Do , Regis Milena De Moura 
Published: August 2019

A percepção e uso de espaços verdes é importante para compreensão das contribuições que estes locais exercem na vida da população.Objetivo do estudo: O presente estudo avaliou o uso e a percepção de frequentadores sobre o Parque Mário Pimenta Camargo (conhecido como Parque do Povo).Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com 100 frequentadores do parque localizado na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e categorizadas. Utilizou-se o software Iramuteq para análise de conteúdo.Resultados: A percepção sobre o parque é positiva, destacando-se desde as áreas verdes, playground, aparelhos de ginástica, segurança, acessibilidade, bem como sanitários e bebedouros. O uso do parque está relacionado para os frequentadores com a prática de atividade física e contato com natureza, sendo relacionado com melhor qualidade de vida. A falta de estacionamento e opções de alimentação foram considerados aspectos negativos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o Parque do Povo é percebido e utilizado pela população de forma satisfatória tanto em relação ao contato com a natureza quanto a melhoria no bem-estar e saúde, implicando em uma melhor qualidade de vida.Contribuições: Ressalta-se a relevância de se considerar as informações sobre percepção, usos e preferências de frequentadores e aplicá-las para melhoria de parques urbanos.Palavras-chave: Espaços verdes urbanos, Percepção ambiental, Biodiversidade, Saúde, Sustentabilidade.
Association between Non-secretion of ABH Antigens and Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Igbeneghu C. , Olisekodiaka J. M. , Fawole O. A. , Ayoola A. O. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To determine whether non-secretion of ABH blood group antigens was associated with Sickle Cell Anaemia.
Materials and Methods: Haemaglutination inhibition test was carried out on saliva samples from 300 individuals; 100 of whom had haemoglobin (Hb) genotype AA, 100 HbAS, 50 HbAC and 50 HbSS. ABO blood grouping was carried out by standard methods and Haemoglobin genotype test was performed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis technique.
Results: Eighteen percent (18%) of HbAA, 23% of HbAS, 18% of HbAC and 42% of HbSS individuals were non-secretors of ABH antigens (p = 0.007). Non-secretion of ABH substances was more associated with HbSS persons than HbAA (p = 0.002), HbAS (p = 0.016) and HbAC (p = 0.009) individuals.
Conclusion: Non-secretion of ABH blood group substances is associated with Sickle Cell Anaemia.
Environmental Impact of Commercial Motorcycles in Katsina Metropolis: Implications for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Muazu Naseer Babangida 
Published: August 2019

The pattern globally nowadays is to reduce environmental pollution by all means as part of sustainable development goals. However, daily increase in the number of commercial motorcycles in Nigeria does not help in achieving this objective. It is for this reason, the present study assessed the environmental impact of commercial motorcycles in Katsina metropolis with special emphasis on air and noise pollution. A structural questionnaire and interviews were formulated, stratified random sampling technique was used in obtaining data. Ten (10) wards were selected from the twelve (12) wards of the local government area from which 150 completed questionnaires were received from randomly selected households. Also, the study used a structured interviews to collect relevant data from fifty (50) households respondents, (5) respondents in each of the ten (10) wards.
Additionally, a noise dosimeter was used to detect noise pollution in five (5) selected locations within Katsina metropolis namely; Katsina central market, Kofar Kwaya round about, Batsari round about, a long Kofar Soro road and Kofar Marusa road. A descriptive analysis and dosimeter readings were used to present the results. The findings revealed that 72% of the respondents reported commercial motorcycles as a source of air pollution and the level of pollution in the area is very high, only 1% of the respondents indicated low air pollution. In terms of noise pollution, 78% of the respondents reported very high noise pollution. Results of noise dosimeters showed that Katsina central market location recorded 89.7dB (highest), while Kofar Soro road recorded 84.1dB (lowest). The result in central market location is higher than 55dB maximum permissible limit set by NESREA Act, 2007 and closer to 90dB permissible limit set by World Health Organization (WHO). The findings of the study has important implication on environmental sustainability in Nigeria.
TRPM4 is highly expressed in human colorectal tumor buds and contributes to proliferation, cell cycle, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Kappel Sven , Stokłosa Paulina , Hauert Barbara , Ross‐Kaschitza Daniela , Borgström Anna , Baur Roland , Galván José A. , Zlobec Inti , Peinelt Christine 
Published: August 2019

Transient receptor potential melastatin‐4 channel (TRPM4) dysregulation contributes to heart conditions, immune diseases, and cervical and prostate cancer. Up to now, the involvement of TRPM4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we investigated tumor tissue microarrays from 379 CRC patients and analyzed TRPM4 protein expression, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcome. High TRPM4 protein expression was associated with unfavorable tumor features characteristic for epithelial–mesenchymal transition and infiltrative growth patterns, that is, a high number of tumor buds and a low percentage in tumor border configuration. Compared to CRC cells representing early cancer stages, TRPM4 protein expression was the highest in cells representing late‐stage metastatic cancer. Investigation of CRC cell line HCT116 and five CRISPR/cas9 TRPM4 knockout clones demonstrated that TRPM4 exhibited large Na+ current densities (~ 60 pA/pF). In addition, CRISPR/cas9 TRPM4 knockout clones showed a tendency toward decreased migration and invasion, cell viability, and proliferation and exhibited a shift in cell cycle when compared to HCT116. Stable overexpression of TRPM4 (TRPM4 wild‐type) in two CRISPR/cas9 TRPM4 knockout clones rescued the decrease in cell viability and cell cycle shift. Stable overexpression of a nonconducting, dominant‐negative TRPM4 mutant (TRPM4 D894A) did not rescue the decrease in viability or cell cycle shift. Taken together, these findings pointed to TRPM4 ion channel conductivity as the underlying mechanism for decreased viability and cell cycle shift in the TRPM4 knockout clones. Together with previous findings, our present data suggest that TRPM4 plays a versatile role in cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, and invasion.
Professional Athletes and Crimes against Women
Authors: Merrill Monica 
Published: August 2019

Athletic organizations are under increased pressure to prevent violence against women committed by their athletes. There have been numerous high‐profile cases of athletes engaging in intimate partner violence and rape/sexual assault over the past 40 years. Explanations range from celebrity status and entitlement, to spillover of legitimate violence, and masculinity. Athletic organizations are now engaging in increased education and prevention efforts based on this increased attention.
Preprogrammed Dynamic Microstructured Polymer Interfaces
Authors: Tokarev Igor , Minko Sergiy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe advancement of new‐generation complex integrated responsive systems depends on the progress in the development of functional stimuli‐responsive polymer components that could be put together and engineered to perform in concert as an ensemble. This progress report highlights recent substantial progress in the development of such soft‐matter components capable of changes according to preprogrammed scenarios. The components interact via interfaces that play a key role in the performance of the microstructured materials. The list of the most important properties that can be changed by altering the interfaces upon external stimuli includes gating, transport, release, wetting, adhesion, and self‐regeneration (healing) realized in different architectures of soft stimuli‐responsive materials.
Laser Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Flexible Electronics
Authors: You Rui , Liu Yu‐Qing , Hao Yi‐Long , Han Dong‐Dong , Zhang Yong‐Lai , You Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the rise of graphene and its applications in various electronic devices. Specifically, featuring excellent flexibility, transparency, conductivity, and mechanical robustness, graphene has emerged as a versatile material for flexible electronics. In the past decade, facilitated by various laser processing technologies, including the laser‐treatment‐induced photoreduction of graphene oxides, flexible patterning, hierarchical structuring, heteroatom doping, controllable thinning, etching, and shock of graphene, along with laser‐induced graphene on polyimide, graphene has found broad applications in a wide range of electronic devices, such as power generators, supercapacitors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, and actuators. Here, the recent advancements in the laser fabrication of graphene‐based flexible electronic devices are comprehensively summarized. The various laser fabrication technologies that have been employed for the preparation, processing, and modification of graphene and its derivatives are reviewed. A thorough overview of typical laser‐enabled flexible electronic devices that are based on various graphene sources is presented. With the rapid progress that has been made in the research on graphene preparation methodologies and laser micronanofabrication technologies, graphene‐based electronics may soon undergo fast development.
Intermolecular Chemistry in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhou Qian , Ma Jun , Dong Shanmu , Li Xianfeng , Cui Guanglei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have aroused wide interest in lithium batteries because of their sufficient mechanical properties, superior safety performances, and excellent processability. However, ionic conductivity and high‐voltage compatibility of SPEs are still yet to meet the requirement of future energy‐storage systems, representing significant barriers to progress. In this regard, intermolecular interactions in SPEs have attracted attention, and they can significantly impact on the Li+ motion and frontier orbital energy level of SPEs. Recent advances in improving electrochemcial performance of SPEs are reviewed, and the underlying mechanism of these proposed strategies related to intermolecular interaction is discussed, including ion–dipole, hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, and Lewis acid–base interactions. It is hoped that this review can inspire a deeper consideration on this critical issue, which can pave new pathway to improve ionic conductivity and high‐voltage performance of SPEs.
Two‐Photon Direct Laser Writing of Inverse‐Designed Free‐Form Near‐Infrared Polarization Beamsplitter
Authors: Wei Heming , Callewaert Francois , Hadibrata Wisnu , Velev Vesselin , Liu Zizhuo , Kumar Prem , Aydin Koray , Krishnaswamy Sridhar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an inverse‐designed 3D‐printed polymer‐based broadband free‐form polarization beamsplitter in the near‐infrared. A computational inverse‐design method is used to design a thin free‐form meta‐grating to split normally incident light with different polarizations to different diffraction orders, one toward the left first order and one toward the right first order. The grating is 3D‐printed using two‐photon direct laser writing. Polarization splitting behavior is experimentally observed in the near‐infrared region for wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 µm, and with performance metrics close to the simulation values. The proposed platform combining inverse‐design and 3D‐printing can be extended to the design, fabrication, and integration of multiple broadband photonic structures to build devices with complex functionalities.
Apparent Piezo‐Photocurrent Modulation in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Khorramshahi Fatemeh , Woughter Adam G. , Ram Manoj K. , Kymissis Ioannis , Takshi Arash 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMethylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) have recently been found to have piezoelectricity which can enhance the performance of MAPbI3‐based photodetectors in the form of piezo‐phototronic effects or can be employed in fabricating hybrid photovoltaic devices. In this work, the effect of an external force in different directions on the photocurrent of a lateral structure of an indium tin oxide (ITO)–MAPbI3–ITO photodetector is investigated. The photodetector is fabricated by using the capillary motion of a solution containing the perovskite precursor on a microchannel. The structure is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The current–voltage characteristics and current transient responses are measured under different conditions of dark and light. Additionally, an apparent piezo‐photocurrent modulation is observed under both normal and transverse forces on MAPbI3 by testing the device under normal forces and bending conditions (inward and outward). In the highest state, the photocurrent is increased by 97% when 340 kPa normal force is applied to the device. At this state, the device shows a Iph/Idark of 3250 at 2.0 V bias with a photocurrent of ≈6.9 µA and responsivity of 14.56 mA W−1. These results promise utilizing MAPbI3 in piezotronic applications and hybrid energy harvesters.
An Air‐Stable and Dendrite‐Free Li Anode for Highly Stable All‐Solid‐State Sulfide‐Based Li Batteries
Authors: Liang Jianwen , Li Xiaona , Zhao Yang , Goncharova Lyudmila V. , Li Weihan , Adair Keegan R. , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Hu Yongfeng , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Huang Huan , Zhang Li , Zhao Shangqian , Lu Shigang , Li Ruying , Sun Xueliang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLi metal is a promising anode material for all‐solid‐state batteries, owing to its high specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, direct contact of Li metal with most solid‐state electrolytes induces severe side reactions that can lead to dendrite formation and short circuits. Moreover, Li metal is unstable when exposed to air, leading to stringent processing requirements. Herein, it is reported that the Li3PS4/Li interface in all‐solid‐state batteries can be stabilized by an air‐stable LixSiSy protection layer that is formed in situ on the surface of Li metal through a solution‐based method. Highly stable Li cycling for over 2000 h in symmetrical cells and a lifetime of over 100 cycles can be achieved for an all‐solid‐state LiCoO2/Li3PS4/Li cell. Synchrotron‐based high energy X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy in‐depth analysis demonstrates the distribution of different components within the protection layer. The in situ formation of an electronically insulating LixSiSy protection layer with highly ionic conductivity provides an effective way to prevent Li dendrite formation in high‐energy all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Maternal ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, a genetic condition associated with high maternal and neonatal mortality every clinician should know: A systematic review
Authors: Torkzaban Mehnoosh , Haddad Andrew , Baxter Jason K. , Berghella Vincenzo , Gahl William A. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrnithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is a rare X‐linked urea cycle disorder. Maternal OTCD can lead to life‐threatening hyperammonemia if untreated. We aimed to compare the outcomes of maternal OTCD when diagnosis is known prior to pregnancy to when diagnosis is made during pregnancy. We performed a systematic literature review on maternal OTCD using the databases Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed from 1982 through 2018. Studies were included if addressed maternal OTCD signs, symptoms, and detailed pregnancy outcomes. We calculated the median or the mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Of 36 cases of maternal OTCD, 20 (55%) were diagnosed prior to pregnancy while 16 (45%) were not. In the 20 patients diagnosed prior to pregnancy, 7 (35%) had either a neurologic or psychiatric presentation during pregnancy or postpartum. Two hyperammonemic patients (11%) experienced ICU admission, dialysis, and coma with no maternal deaths. All had a favorable outcome. In the 16 patients not known to have maternal OTCD prior to pregnancy, 13 (81%) had neurologic or psychiatric presentation during pregnancy or postpartum. Four presented with hyperemesis gravidarum. Eleven (69%) hyperammonemic patients had ICU admission and coma and 7 (47%) of them had dialysis. There were 5 (31%) maternal deaths. Three patients (19%) had prolonged hospitalization course. Overall, three male neonatal deaths were reported. Three other male children had liver transplant. Maternal OTCD is associated with high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when diagnosis is made during pregnancy compared to when diagnosis is known prior to pregnancy.
Statistical Interaction Description of Pauli Crystals in 2D Systems of Harmonically Confined Fermions
Authors: Ciftja Orion , Batle Josep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is conjectured that the Pauli exclusion principle alone may be responsible for a particular geometric arrangement of confined systems of identical fermions even when there is no interaction between them. These geometric structures, called Pauli crystals, are predicted for a two‐dimensional (2D) system of free fermions under harmonic confinement. In this work, the possibility of this outcome is pursued and a theoretical model is considered that may capture both qualitatively and quantitatively, the key features of the abovementioned setup. The results for and 6 particles show that the minimum energy configuration corresponds to and is in good quantitative agreement with the reported values of Pauli crystals seen in single‐shot imaging data obtained via the configuration density technique. Numerical results for larger systems of and 30 particles show that the crystalline configurations observed are not the same as the classical Wigner crystal structures that emerge should the confined charged particles interact with a Coulomb potential. An important question floated is whether such crystalline structures do really exist in a quantum system or whether they are artifacts of the methods used to analyze them.
Duality of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons on the Complementary Structures of Ultrathin Metal Films
Authors: Liang Chengyao , Liu Liang , Chai Jiwang , Xiang Hong , Han Dezhuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComplementary metal structures manifest a remarkable scattering feature, known as Babinet's principle. Meanwhile, for surface modes confined to one or two dimensions, the relation between the modes on complementary structures has not been thoroughly studied. Here, spoof surface plasmon polaritons supported on complementary metal films are systematically investigated. The duality of electromagnetism guarantees that these surface modes on complementary metal films possess precisely the same dispersion regardless of the geometry of the grooves, which is confirmed by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. This work may open another avenue for spoof surface plasmon polaritons in both the theoretical and practical aspects.
Sign Inversion in Photopharmacology: Incorporation of Cyclic Azobenzenes in Photoswitchable Potassium Channel Blockers and Openers
Authors: Trads Julie B. , Hüll Katharina , Matsuura Bryan S. , Laprell Laura , Fehrentz Timm , Görldt Nicole , Kozek Krystian A. , Weaver C. David , Klöcker Nikolaj , Barber David M. , Trauner Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotopharmacology relies on ligands that change their pharmacodynamics upon photoisomerization. Many of these ligands are azobenzenes that are thermodynamically more stable in their elongated trans‐configuration. Often, they are biologically active in this form and lose activity upon irradiation and photoisomerization to their cis‐isomer. Recently, cyclic azobenzenes, so‐called diazocines, have emerged, which are thermodynamically more stable in their bent cis‐form. Incorporation of these switches into a variety of photopharmaceuticals could convert dark‐active ligands into dark‐inactive ligands, which is preferred in most biological applications. This “pharmacological sign‐inversion” is demonstrated for a photochromic blocker of voltage‐gated potassium channels, termed CAL, and a photochromic opener of G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, termed CLOGO.
A Dual‐Response DNA Probe for Simultaneously Monitoring Enzymatic Activity and Environmental pH Using a Nanopore
Authors: Liu Lei , You Yi , Zhou Ke , Guo Bingyuan , Cao Zhong , Zhao Yuliang , Wu Hai‐Chen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBoth protease overexpression and local pH changes are key signatures of cancer. However, the sensitive detection of protease activities and the accurate measurement of pH in a tumor environment remain challenging. Here, we develop a dual‐response DNA probe that can simultaneously monitor protease activities and measure the local pH by translocation through α‐hemolysin (αHL). The DNA probe bears a short peptide containing phenylalanine at a pre‐designed position. Enzymatic cleavage of the peptide either exposes or removes the N‐terminal phenylalanine that can form a complex with cucurbit[7]uril. Translocation of the DNA hybrid through αHL generates current signatures that can be used to quantify protease activities. Furthermore, the current signatures possess a pH‐dependent pattern that reflects the local pH. Our results demonstrate that the versatile DNA probe may be further explored for simultaneously measuring multiple parameters of a complex system such as single cells in the future.