bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Stability and Money Creation
Authors: Moe Thorvald Grung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractShould money issuance be a licensed privilege, and if so, who should issue money? Morgan Ricks argues that free-wheeling money issuance by non-licensed shadow banks was a major factor behind the global financial crisis. Still, the regulatory reform agenda after the crisis has mostly been directed at banks (with a few exceptions). This has led to an enormously complex body of regulations that threatens to bring traditional banking to its knees. Ricks would instead restore money issuance as a privilege and leave other financial institutions with a lighter regulatory regime. He is not, however, in favor of narrow banking – as favored by Irving Fisher – but would leave credit allocation with the private banking sector. In this way his proposals are both radical and conservative. He brings a refreshing look to the regulatory debate, and the book is full of novel insights. His discussion of banks and deposit regulations should be required reading for all bank regulators, although his proposal may fall on barren ground in the current political environment. Nevertheless, the book should serve both as a primer for future monetary reform proposals, but also as a starting point for a pragmatic bipartisan debate about financial reform today.
Sign-Changing Solutions for a Class of Zero Mass Nonlocal Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo , Figueiredo Giovany M. , Isernia Teresa , Molica Bisci Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We consider the following class of fractional Schrödinger equations:

(

-
Δ

)

α

⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

K
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
f
⁢

(
u
)

in
⁢

ℝ
N

,

(-\Delta)^{\alpha}u+V(x)u=K(x)f(u)\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},

where

α
∈

(
0
,
1
)

{\alpha\in(0,1)}

,

N
>

2
⁢
α

{N>2\alpha}

,

(

-
Δ

)

α

{(-\Delta)^{\alpha}}

is the fractional Laplacian, V and K are positive continuous functions which vanish at infinity, and f is a continuous function. By using a minimization argument and a quantitative deformation lemma, we obtain the existence of a sign-changing solution. Furthermore, when f is odd, we prove that the above problem admits infinitely many nontrivial solutions. Our result extends to the fractional framework some well-known theorems proved for elliptic equations in the classical setting. With respect to these cases studied in the literature, the nonlocal one considered here presents some additional difficulties, such as the lack of decompositions involving positive and negative parts, and the non-differentiability of the Nehari Manifold, so that a careful analysis of the fractional spaces involved is necessary.
Mass and Extremals Associated with the Hardy–Schrödinger Operator on Hyperbolic Space
Authors: Chan Hardy , Ghoussoub Nassif , Mazumdar Saikat , Shakerian Shaya , de Oliveira Faria Luiz Fernando 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We consider the Hardy–Schrödinger operator

L
γ

:=

-

Δ

𝔹
n

-

γ
⁢

V
2

{L_{\gamma}:=-\Delta_{\mathbb{B}^{n}}-\gamma{V_{2}}}

on the Poincaré ball model of the hyperbolic space

𝔹
n

{\mathbb{B}^{n}}

(

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

). Here

V
2

{V_{2}}

is a radially symmetric potential, which behaves like the Hardy potential around its singularity at 0, i.e.,

V
2

⁢

(
r
)

∼

1

r
2

{V_{2}(r)\sim\frac{1}{r^{2}}}

. As in the Euclidean setting,

L
γ

{L_{\gamma}}

is positive definite whenever

γ
<

(

n
-
2

)

2

4

{\gamma<\frac{(n-2)^{2}}{4}}

, in which case we exhibit explicit solutions for the critical equation

L
γ

⁢
u

=

V

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

⁢

u

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

-
1

{L_{\gamma}u=V_{2^{*}(s)}u^{2^{*}(s)-1}}

in

𝔹
n

,

{\mathbb{B}^{n},}

where

0
≤
s
<
2

{0\leq s<2}

,

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

=

2
⁢

(

n
-
s

)

n
-
2

{2^{*}(s)=\frac{2(n-s)}{n-2}}

, and

V

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

{V_{2^{*}(s)}}

is a weight that behaves like

1

r
s

{\frac{1}{r^{s}}}

around 0. In dimensions

n
≥
5

{n\geq 5}

, the equation

L
γ

⁢
u

-

λ
⁢
u

=

V

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

⁢

u

2
*

⁢

(
s
)

-
1

{L_{\gamma}u-\lambda u=V_{2^{*}(s)}u^{2^{*}(s)-1}}

in a domain Ω of

𝔹
n

{\mathbb{B}^{n}}

away from the boundary but containing 0 has a ground state solution, whenever

0
<
γ
≤

n
⁢

(

n
-
4

)

4

{0<\gamma\leq\frac{n(n-4)}{4}}

, and

λ
>

n
-
2

n
-
4

⁢

(

n
⁢

(

n
-
4

)

4

-
γ

)

{\lambda>\frac{n-2}{n-4}(\frac{n(n-4)}{4}-\gamma)}

. On the other hand, in dimensions 3 and 4, the existence of solutions depends on whether the domain has a positive “hyperbolic mass” a notion that we introduce and analyze therein.
Human case of Fasciola gigantica-like infection, review of human fascioliasis reports in Nepal, and epidemiological analysis within the South Central Asia
Authors: Sah Ranjit , Khadka Shusila , Lakhey Paleswan Joshi , Pradhan Sumita , Shah Niranjan Parsad , Singh Yogendra Prasad , Mas-Coma Santiago 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The diagnosis of a 22 year-old male patient from Kerabari, Morang District, Nepal led to the review of human fascioliasis cases and analysis of the epidemiological situation in that country not included in the WHO fascioliasis map. Symptom onset one month before egg detection and normal levels of ALT and AST did not agree with the 3–4-month migratory period of fascioliasis. A shorter acute phase may happen when the main biliary duct is reached by the migratory juveniles directly from the intestinal lumen. The causal agent was ascribed to F. gigantica-like worms after considering adult fluke morphology, altitude of the patient’s infection area, fasciolid characteristics in the neighbouring Bangladesh, and lymnaeid snail vector species known in Nepal and in the patient’s infection area. Previous reports of human infection by Fasciola in Nepal are reviewed. The patient in question proved to be the twelfth case and the first in whom a F. gigantica-like infection is reported. In Nepal, the wide geographical distribution of livestock fascioliasis, with high prevalences in buffaloes, cattle and goats, and the reports of Fasciola-infected schoolchildren close to the capital Kathmandu, give rise to concern on the situation in remote rural areas in a country where most of the population lives in rural areas. Moreover, the climate change impact in Nepal remembers Pakistan, where human fascioliasis emergence has been related to climate change and man-made irrigation. All in all, the present analysis suggests that human infection by Fasciola may be underestimated in Nepal.
Alveolar echinococcosis in a dog; analysis of clinical and histological findings and molecular identification of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Antolová Daniela , Víchová Bronislava , Jarošová Júlia , Gál Viliam , Bajužík Branislav 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEchinococcus multilocularisis a zoonotic tapeworm of medical and veterinary importance that occasionally infects accidental intermediate hosts causing severe disease or even death. In dogs, alveolar echinococcosis has been reported mainly in central Europe and Canada. The paper presents clinical, biochemical and histological signs of alveolar echinococcosis in a dog from Slovakia and the results of mitochondrialnad1gene analysis. In 2016, 11-years old Siberian husky female suffering from inappetence was presented to the Veterinary Clinic in Žilina. Biochemical blood examination and blood count showed only minor changes, but abdominal ultrasonography showed the hepatomegaly and the presence of nonhomogeneous hypodense lobulated formation in the left liver lobe. Histological and molecular examinations of excided tissue confirmed the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. BLAST analysis ofE.multilocularis nad1gene revealed that the nucleotide sequence did not exactly match the previously identified M1 (AJ237639) and/or M2 genotype (AJ237640). In total, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurred within overlapping region ofnad1gene. In the discussion, clinical and laboratory findings of the infection in other dog patients are compared and the possibilities of diagnosis and therapy of the disease are discussed.
Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Unicauda species, infecting the kidney of Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae) in Brazil
Authors: Vidal Letícia P. , McIntosh Douglas , Luque José L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
During a parasitological survey of Astyanax altiparanae captured in the Mogi Guaçú river, Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil, a new species of myxozoa was observed infecting the kidney of 30 of 42 specimens. Plasmodia of the new myxozoa, referred to herein as Unicauda whippsi n. sp. were spherical and varied from 450 to 1000 μm in length. The mature spore was elongated and measured 11 ± 1.2 (10–12) μm long by 5.4 ± 0.6 (4.7–7.2) μm wide. Polar capsules of unequal length with the filament coiled 7–9 times and a unique caudal process characteristic of the genus Unicauda, were recorded. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that U. whippsi n. sp. clustered with members of the genus Unicauda and Myxobolus, confirming it’s placement within the family Myxobolidae. This is the first record of a species of Unicauda infecting characiform fish, as well as the first registered occurrence of species of this genus in South America.
Ten new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from nuthatches (Aves: Passeriformes: Sittidae), tits and chickadees (Paridae), and goldcrests (Regulidae)
Authors: Gustafsson Daniel R. , Chu Xingzhi , Bush Sarah E. , Zou Fasheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTen new species of chewing lice in the genusBrueeliaKéler, 1936, are described from hosts in the families Paridae, Regulidae, and Sittidae. They are:Brueelia johnsonin. sp. fromPoecile sclateri eidos(Peters, 1927);Brueelia juniperin. sp. fromBaeolophus ridgwayi ridgwayi(Richmond, 1902);Brueelia kabulican. sp. fromSitta tephronota tephronotaSharpe, 1872;Brueelia mpumalangensisn. sp. fromMelaniparus niger niger(Vieillot, 1818);Brueelia nazaen. sp. fromParus cinereus caschmirensisHartert, 1905;Brueelia oxyrhynchan. sp. fromSitta nagaensis nagaensisGodwin-Austen, 1874;Brueelia picea. sp. fromParus major excelsusBuvry, 1857;Brueelia ragusican. sp. fromSitta neumayer neumayerMichahelles, 1830;Brueelia regulicidan. sp. fromRegulus calendula grinnelliPalmer, 1897;Brueelia sittacolan. sp. fromSitta carolinensis carolinensisLatham, 1790.Brueelia regulicidais the firstBrueelia-complex louse to be described from the host family Regulidae. Collectively, theBrueeliaof parid, regulid, and sittid hosts show two peculiar patterns. Firstly, lice on closely related hosts appear to be distantly related. Secondly, lice on most hosts in these families appear to be more closely related to lice on other host families than to each other. This contradicts the traditional view thatBrueelia-complex lice on closely related hosts are themselves closely related. Potentially, the tendency of the hosts to participate in mixed-species feeding flocks may explain some of these patterns.
Assessment of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in Haemonchus contortus, following exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Esmaeilnejad Bijan , Samiei Awat , Mirzaei Yousef , Farhang-Pajuh Farhad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDrug resistance in helminth parasites has incurred several difficulties to livestock industry and ranked among the top public health concerns. Therefore, seeking for new agents to control parasites is an urgent strategy. In the recent years, metallic nanoparticles have been considerably evaluated for anthelmintic effects. The current research was conducted to assess possible anthelmintic impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on a prevalent gastrointestinal nematode,H. contortus. Moreover, several biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and DNA damage were measured. Various concentrations of the nanoparticle were prepared and incubated with the worms for 24 hours. The parasite mobility, mortality rate, antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, Catalase and GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status as well as nitric oxide (NO) contents and DNA damage were determined. ZnO-NPs exerted significant wormicidal effects via induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress and DNA damage. Conclusively, ZnO-NPs can be utilized as a novel and potential agent to control and treatment of helminth parasitic infections.
Derivative Free Regularization Method for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Equations in Hilbert Scales
Authors: George Santhosh , Kanagaraj K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with nonlinear ill-posed operator equations involving a monotone operator in the setting of Hilbert scales. Our convergence analysis of the proposed derivative-free method is based on the simple property of the norm of a self-adjoint operator. Using a general Hölder-type source condition, we obtain an optimal order error estimate. Also we consider the adaptive parameter choice strategy proposed by Pereverzev and Schock (2005) for choosing the regularization parameter. Finally, we applied the proposed method to the parameter identification problem in an elliptic PDE in the setting of Hilbert scales and compare the results with the corresponding method in Hilbert space.
Stabilizability of Infinite-Dimensional Systems by Finite-Dimensional Controls
Authors: Raymond Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider control systems for which the underlying semigroup is analytic, and the resolvent of its generator is compact. In that case we give a characterization of the stabilizability of such control systems. When the stabilizability condition is satisfied the system is also stabilizable by finite-dimensional controls.
We end the paper by giving an application of this result to the stabilizability of the Oseen equations with mixed boundary conditions.
Influence of High Temperature Oxidation on Hydrogen Absorption and Degradation of Zircaloy-2 and Zr 700 Alloys
Authors: Zieliński Andrzej , Cymann Anita , Gumiński Adrian , Hernik Anna , Gajowiec Grzegorz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present research was aimed at determining the effects of the oxide layers on hydrogen absorption, microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zircaloy-2 and Zr 702 alloys. The oxidation was made at 350 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C for 10 to 30 min in laboratory air, followed by hydrogen cathodic charging for 72 h and annealing at 400 °C for 4 h. The slow strain rate tests were carried out on oxidized, charged and annealed specimens. The oxidation resulted in thick and cracked, more for Zr 702 alloy, layer. After oxidation at 350 °C, the appearance of hydrides in Zircaloy-2 and absence of hydrides in Zr 702 alloy were observed. After oxidation at high temperatures no current flow was noticed at applied voltage up to 5 V, and no hydrogen or hydrogen cracks. The observed effects were attributed to the phase structure of investigated alloys at low hydrogen content.
Pre-emption of L1 properties in the L2 acquisition of Englishwh-interrogatives: Effects of L2 proficiency and age of onset
Authors: Al-Thubaiti Kholoud A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigates whether second language (L2) speakers can pre-empt a first language (L1) property which involves uninterpretable features, such as resumption. The Interpretability Hypothesis predicts persistent L1 effects in L2 grammars because uninterpretable features resist resetting beyond some critical period (Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou 2007). Unlike English, Saudi Arabic allows grammatical resumption in complexwh-interrogatives, which is highly preferred with (D)iscourse-linkedwh-forms (e. g.ʔayy-NP ‘which-NP’) but disallowed with non-D-linked ones (e. g.ʔeeʃ‘what’). The study was conducted with fifteen native English speakers and 34 (very)-advanced Saudi Arabic L2 speakers of English with age of onset (AO 1–13 years). In a bimodal, timed acceptability judgment task, their accuracy judgments of 32 (un)grammaticalwh-interrogatives were tested. As predicted, results show that L2 speakers of very advanced levels inaccurately accepted resumption especially with D-linkedwh-interrogatives. The results also show non-significant differences between AO 1–6 and 7–13 years in their rejection accuracy of resumption.
Introduction
Authors: Paarsch Harry J. , Schmedders Karl 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
By making gathering large samples of data (Big Data) almost trivial, the Information Revolution has changed fundamentally how many scientists now conduct empirical research. The explosion in the variety and volume of information that is Big Data has in many cases altered both the questions asked and how those questions are answered. In this special issue devoted to Big Data, we have collected five papers from the social sciences, particularly economics, but business as well. The main goal of the issue is to introduce economists to the different ways that Big Data can and have been used in business and economic research, in the hope that this will spur additional innovative research in those fields.
Link Fault Tolerant Algorithms to Optimize the Blocking in Optical Burst Switching Networks
Authors: Saini Hardeep Singh , Wason Amit 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, link fault tolerant algorithms (LFTAs) are employed for optimization of blocking performance in optical burst switching (OBS) networks for dynamic establishment of wavelength-routed lightpaths. This paper presents two algorithms: link fault tolerance algorithm for least congestion (LFTALC) and link fault tolerance algorithm for optimized blocking (LFTAOB). In former algorithm, the path with least congestion is selected and in the latter algorithm the path with least blocking probability is selected and then both the algorithms check for the availability of fault on the links present in the selected path. The findings indicate that methods of developing link based fault tolerant algorithms keep good performance and fairness among all the connections. The key advantage of these proposed algorithms as compared to routing and wavelength assignment algorithm is that these are very simple in nature and require less service disruption time.
Three new Brazilian cases of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: clinical, molecular, hormonal, and treatment features
Authors: Breder Ikaro Soares Santos , Garmes Heraldo Mendes , Mazzola Tais Nitsch , Maciel-Guerra Andrea Trevas , de Mello Maricilda Palandi , Guerra-Júnior Gil 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background:
Deficiency of 17α-hydroxylase (17OHD) is a rare form of adrenal hyperplasia. Diagnosis is generally delayed, impairing appropriate treatment.

Case presentation:
Here, we report the clinical, molecular, hormonal, and treatment data of three unrelated 17OHD patients, aged 14–16 years with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism; uncontrolled hypertension; primary adrenal insufficiency; and high progesterone, low to normal potassium, and low dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline and after an adrenocorticotropic hormone test showed low cortisol and cortisone and high deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone levels; both DOC/21-deoxycortisol and costicosterone/cortisol ratios were very high. Patient 2 had 46,XX karyotype and patients 1 and 3, had 46,XY. A molecular analysis showed that two of the patients were homozygous for p.W406R mutation and the other patient was compound heterozygous for p.W406R and p.P428L. Hypertension was controlled only after the administration of both prednisone and mineralocorticoid antagonist.

Conclusions:
Hypertension in young women must lead to diagnostic suspicion, even in the pre-pubertal period. The basal level of progesterone is an indicator of 17OHD. Mineral and glucocorticoid ratios obtained from LC-MS/MS can reinforce the diagnosis. Hypertension can be controlled using glucocorticoid replacement therapy and mineralocorticoid antagonist.
Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet,Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position withinGenetta
Authors: Ferguson Adam W. , Roble Houssein R. , McDonough Molly M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.
On Banach and Kuratowski Theorem, K-Lusin sets and strong sequences
Authors: Jureczko Joanna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In 2003 Bartoszyński and Halbeisen published the results on various equivalences of Kuratowski and Banach theorem from 1929 concerning some aspect of measure theory. They showed that the existence of the so called BK-matrix related to Banach and Kuratowski theorem is equivalent to the existence of a K-Lusin set of cardinality continuum. On the other hand, in 1965 Efimov introduced the strong sequences method and using this method proved some well-known theorems in dyadic spaces. The goal of this paper is to show that the existence of such a K-Lusin set is equivalent to the existence of strong sequences of the same cardinality. Some applications of this results are also shown.
A hybrid kinetic-thermodynamic Monte Carlo model for simulation of homogeneous burst nucleation
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. , Eremeev Georgy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We develop in this paper a hybrid kinetic Monte Carlo and continuous thermodynamically based model for the simulation
of homogeneous nucleation under burst regime when a long incubation time is followed by rapid nucleation of stable nuclei.
In this model we assume that the kinetics of particle nucleation and disaggregation is governed by a Smoluchowski equation while the size of a stable
nuclei is taken from the thermodynamic theory of nucleation with varying supersaturation under metastable conditions.
We show that the Smoluchowski equations without the metastable conditions cannot describe the regime of burst nucleation
showing the following general feature: the longer the incubation time, the slower the nucleation rate even if a multiple disaggregation is assumed. In contrast, a combined hybrid Monte Carlo and metastable thermodynamic model suggested is able to
predict a long incubation time followed by rapid nucleation regime. A series of numerical simulations presented supports this conclusion.
Crystal structure of hexaaqua-{(E)-N′-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide-κ3
N,N′,O}praseodym(III) trichloride monohydrate, C12H25Cl3N5O8Pr
Authors: Yan Lingling , Yang Peng , Zhi Guanghui 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C12H25Cl3N5O8Pr, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.4800(10) Å, b = 9.9591(12) Å, c = 12.4897(143) Å, α = 88.855(2)°, β = 76.897(2)°, γ = 89.182(2)°, V = 1148.2(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0372, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0918, T = 296(2) K.