bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coevolution of resistance to PPO inhibitors in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Lillie Kathryn J. , Giacomini Darci A. , Green Jonathan D. , Tranel Patrick J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe first case of evolved protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor resistance was observed in 2001 in common waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif]. This resistance in A. tuberculatus is most commonly conferred by deletion of the amino acid glycine at the 210th position (ΔGly-210) of the PPO enzyme (PPO2) encoded by PPX2. In a field in Kentucky in 2015, inadequate control of Amaranthus plants was observed following application of a PPO inhibitor. Morphological observations indicated that survivors included both A. tuberculatus and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). Research was conducted to confirm species identities and resistance and then to determine whether resistance evolved independently in the two species or via hybridization. Results from a quantitative PCR assay based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer confirmed that both A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri coexisted in the field. The mutation conferring ΔGly-210 in PPO2 was identified in both species; phylogenetic analysis of a region of PPX2, however, indicated that the mutation evolved independently in the two species. Genotyping of greenhouse-grown plants that survived lactofen indicated that all A. tuberculatus survivors, but only a third of A. palmeri survivors, contained the ΔGly-210 mutation. Consequently, A. palmeri plants were evaluated for the presence of an arginine to glycine or methionine substitution at position 128 of PPO2 (Arg-128-Gly and Arg-128-Met). The Arg-128-Gly substitution was found to account for resistance that was not accounted for by the ΔGly-210 mutation in plants from the A. palmeri population. Results from this study provide a modern-day example of both parallel and convergent evolution occurring within a single field.
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and α-ketoglutaric acid supplementation increases oxygen saturation during prolonged exercise in normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Kössler Florian , Mair Lukas , Burtscher Martin , Gatterer Hannes 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether α-ketoglutaric-acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) supplementation improves exercise performance in hypoxia and affects physiological responses during the exercise task. Eight moderately trained male participants (age: 25.3 ± 2.0 y, VO2max: 48.0 ± 8.3 ml/min/kg) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in normoxia and two 2-hour cycle time trial (TT) tests in hypoxia (3,500 m) each separated by 1-week. Prior to the TT, participants supplemented with either α-KG and 5-HMF or placebo (random order). Supplementation did not improve TT performance at altitude and did not affect heart rate, effort perception and oxidative stress levels (p > 0.05). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was enhanced during the α-KG and 5-HMF supplementation trial (79.5 ± 3.3 vs. 78.2 ± 3.7%, p = 0.026). Even though TT performance was unaffected, the enhanced SpO2– possibly originated from changed O2-affinity – deserves further consideration as the exercise performance decline at altitude is strongly linked to the SpO2decline. The inclusion of moderately fit participants, not specifically cycle trained, might have prevented any visible performance enhancement.
Replication of Study 1 in “Differentiating Social and Personal Power” by Lammers, Stoker, and Stapel (2009)
Authors: Mayiwar Lewend , Lai Linda 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We performed an independent, direct, and better powered ( N = 295) replication of Study 1, an experiment ( N = 113) by Lammers, Stoker, and Stapel (2009) . Lammers and colleagues distinguished between social power (influence over others) and personal power (freedom from the influence of others), and found support for their predictions that the two forms of power produce opposite effects on stereotyping, but parallel effects on behavioral approach. Our results did not replicate the effects on behavioral approach, but partially replicated the effects on stereotyping. Compared to personal power, social power produced less stereotyping, but neither form of power differed significantly from the control condition, and effect sizes were considerably lower than the original estimates. Potential explanations are discussed.
Winter Sea Ice Export From the Beaufort Sea as a Preconditioning Mechanism for Enhanced Summer Melt: A Case Study of 2016
Authors: Babb D. G. , Landy J. C. , Barber D. G. , Galley R. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring September 2016 an ice‐free Beaufort Sea was observed for only the second time. Like previous regional sea ice minima (1998, 2008, and 2012), seasonal preconditioning of the ice pack toward younger, thinner ice types contributed to premature breakup that accelerated the ice‐albedo feedback and enhanced summer melt. In 2016, anomalously high sea ice export and ice pack divergence during February and April promoted the unusual widespread formation of new ice within the Beaufort. Thin ice types reached a peak regional concentration of 30% in March, when the ice cover is typically dominated by thick first‐year and multiyear sea ice. Combined CryoSat‐2 and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data indicate that the regional ice volume plateaued from December to March as export offset ice growth and ultimately culminated in a −30% volume anomaly in April 2016. This atypically thin ice cover broke up 7 weeks earlier than average, with open water forming not only within coastal flaw leads but also within the offshore pack ice. By July 2016, vast areas of open water within the highly fractured ice cover accelerated the ice‐albedo feedback and led to rapid melt. Though maintaining a partial ice cover during summer throughout the observational record, significant negative trends in September sea ice area within the Beaufort are now punctuated by two recent ice‐free Septembers (2012 and 2016). As the Beaufort transitions toward a seasonally ice‐free sea, we examine the role of winter preconditioning through sea ice transport and its growing importance within an increasingly seasonal and mobile Arctic ice cover.
Modeling Blowing Snow Over the Tibetan Plateau With the Community Land Model: Method and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Xie Zhipeng , Hu Zeyong , Ma Yaoming , Sun Genhou , Gu Lianglei , Liu Shuang , Wang Yidan , Zheng Huixuan , Ma Weiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSnow cover in mountainous terrain plays an important role in regional and global water and energy balances, climate change, and ecosystems. Blowing snow is a frequent and important weather phenomenon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP); however, this process is neglected in most current land surface models, despite the consequential role it plays in the land surface and atmospheric water and energy budgets. In this paper, we present a blowing snow model PIEKTUK coupled with the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) to provide a better estimate of the snow dynamics for the consideration of snow redistribution induced by wind. Two simulations with a 0.065° spatial resolution were performed in 2010 over the TP, namely, a sensitivity experiment with the inclusion of blowing snow effects (CLM_BS) and a control run with the original model (CLM). A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the improvements in the simulations of snow dynamics and other key variables in surface energy partitioning provided by the coupled model, such as the surface albedo and land surface temperature (LST). Compared with a variety of remote‐sensing observations, the results show that the surface snow cover, snow depth, and surface albedo can be better reproduced in most of the TP region by CLM_BS than by the original CLM, particularly in the Kunlun Mountains, Hoh Xil area, and the southwestern TP. In areas with reduced bias, variations in the monthly mean snow cover fraction can be reflected particularly well by CLM_BS. For LST, however, a significant decrease in the nighttime LST bias was detected in CLM_BS, while the bias in the daytime LST increases. The results show considerable potential for the inclusion of the blowing snow process to promote the modeling of snow dynamics and land‐atmosphere interactions on the TP.
Assessing the Intrinsic Uncertainty and Structural Stability of Planetary Models: 1. Parameterized Thermal‐Tectonic History Models
Authors: Seales Johnny , Lenardic Adrian , Moore William B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermal history models, historically used to understand Earth's geologic history, are being coupled to climate models to map conditions that allow planets to maintain life. However, the lack of structural uncertainty assessment has blurred guidelines for how thermal history models can be used toward this end. Structural uncertainty is intrinsic to the modeling process. Model structure refers to the cause and effect relations that define a model and are assumed to adequately represent a particular real world system. Intrinsic/structural uncertainty is different from input and parameter uncertainties (which are often evaluated for thermal history models). A full uncertainty assessment requires that input/parametric and intrinsic/structural uncertainty be evaluated (one is not a substitute for the other). We quantify the intrinsic uncertainty for several parameterized thermal history models (a subclass of planetary models). We use single perturbation analysis to determine the reactance time of different models. This provides a metric for how long it takes low‐amplitude, unmodeled effects to decay or grow. Reactance time is shown to scale inversely with the strength of the dominant model feedback (negative or positive). A perturbed physics analysis is then used to determine uncertainty shadows for model outputs. This provides probability distributions for model predictions. It also tests the structural stability of a model (do model predictions remain qualitatively similar, and within assumed model limits, in the face of intrinsic uncertainty?). Once intrinsic uncertainty is accounted for, model outputs/predictions and comparisons to observational data should be treated in a probabilistic way.
Intrabody against prolyl hydroxylase 2 promotes angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
Authors: Zhao Liangzhong , Liu Ziyu , Yang Fang , Zhang Ying , Xue Ying , Miao Haipeng , Liao Xiangzhi , Huang Hongli , Li Guiying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in angiogenesis. Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) dominantly hydroxylates two highly conserved proline residues of HIF-1α to promote its degradation. This study was designed to construct an intrabody against PHD2 that can inhibit PHD2 activity and promote angiogenesis. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against PHD2, INP, was isolated by phage display technique and was modified with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sequence to obtain ER-retained intrabody against PHD2 (ER-INP). ER-INP was efficiently expressed and bound to PHD2 in cells, significantly increased the levels of HIF-1α, and decreased hydroxylated HIF-1α in human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) cells and mouse mononuclear macrophage leukaemia cell line (RAW264.7) cells. ER-INP has shown distinct angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo, as ER-INP expression significantly promoted the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and enhanced angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Furthermore, ER-INP promoted distinct expression and secretion of a range of angiogenic factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an ER-INP intrabody enhancing angiogenesis by blocking PHD2 activity to increase HIF-1α abundance and activity. These results indicate that ER-INP may play a role in the clinical treatment of tissue injury and ischemic diseases in the future.
Lateral fluid-percussion injury leads to pituitary atrophy in rats
Authors: Anwer Mehwish , Immonen Riikka , Hayward Nick M. E. A. , Ndode-Ekane Xavier Ekolle , Puhakka Noora , Gröhn Olli , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuroendocrine dysregulation in up to 40% of humans, which is related to impaired function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis and contributes to TBI-related co-morbidities. Our objective was to investigate whether hypophyseal atrophy can be recapitulated in rat lateral fluid-percussion injury model of human TBI. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from rats at 2 days and 5 months post-TBI. To measure the lobe-specific volumetric changes, manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) scans were acquired from rats at 8 months post-TBI, which also underwent the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure susceptibility and Morris water-maze spatial memory tests. MRI revealed no differences in the total hypophyseal volume between TBI and controls at 2 days, 5 months or 8 months post-TBI. Surprisingly, MEMRI at 8 months post-TBI indicated a 17% reduction in neurohypophyseal volume in the TBI group as compared to controls (1.04 ± 0.05 mm3 vs 1.25 ± 0.05 mm3, p < 0.05). Moreover, neurohypophyseal volume inversely correlated with the number of PTZ-induced epileptiform discharges and the mean latency to platform in the Morris water-maze test. Our data demonstrate that TBI leads to neurohypophyseal lobe-specific atrophy and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for post-TBI outcome.
Second Language Learners' Listener Impressions of Foreigner-Directed Speech
Authors: Bobb Susan C. , Mello Kristin , Turco Emily , Lemes Larissa , Fernandez Erika , Rothermich Kathrin 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAccording to sociolinguistic frameworks such as Communication Accommodation Theory, English native speakers modify their speech to meet the communicative needs of non-native speakers (Beebe & Giles, 1984). However, when foreigner-directed speech is used inappropriately, it may lead to overaccommodation, which in turn can act counterproductively toward communicative goals.PurposeTo date, much of the research on foreigner-directed speech toward non-native speakers has focused on its acoustic parameters, but few studies have examined how second language learners interpret it emotionally and pragmatically.MethodThis study asked 36 English second language learners to listen to four types of speech accommodation styles (casual, clear, infant-directed, and foreigner-directed) spoken by four different speakers. Their task was to evaluate the extent to which the speaker was easy to understand, competent, condescending, friendly, and respectful.ResultsAcoustic analyses of the speech stimuli showed that speakers used distinct acoustic cues for each speech accommodation style, for example, slower speech rate for foreigner-directed speech. The rating results show that second language learners of English judged casual speech as least intelligible, least competent, and least friendly compared to all other speech types. Respectfulness ratings show that participants perceived casual speech as less respectful compared to clear speech and infant-directed speech, but not foreigner-directed speech. However, no effects were found for condescension.ConclusionThe results suggest second language learners in the current experiment generally perceived speech accommodation positively.
Model for Population III microquasars
Authors: Sotomayor Checa P. , Romero G. E. 
Published: August 2019

Context.Current simulations indicate that the first stars were formed predominantly in binary systems. Studying the contribution of the first accreting binary systems to the reionization and heating of the intergalactic medium requires formulating a concrete model for Population III microquasars.Aims.We aim at constructing a complete model for microquasars with a Population III donor star.Methods.We considered that the mass loss of the star is exclusively caused by the spill of matter through the Roche lobe toward the black hole. We calculated the spectral energy distribution of the radiation produced by the accretion disk, the radiation-pressure-driven wind, and the relativistic particles in the jets, within the framework of a lepto-hadronic model. In addition, we estimated the effect on the reionization by the first microquasars.Results.We determine that Population III microquasars are powerful sources of ultraviolet radiation produced by the winds of their super-critical disks, and that they generate a broadband nonthermal emission in jets.Conclusions.Our results indicate that microquasars in the early Universe could have been important for the reionization and heating of the intergalactic medium.
Gaia DR2 white dwarfs in the Hercules stream
Authors: Torres Santiago , Cantero Carles , Camisassa María E. , Antoja Teresa , Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Althaus Leandro G. , Thelemaque Thomas , Cánovas Héctor 
Published: August 2019

Aims. We analyzed the velocity space of the thin- and thick-disk Gaia white dwarf population within 100 pc by searching for signatures of the Hercules stellar stream. We aimed to identify objects belonging to the Hercules stream, and by taking advantage of white dwarf stars as reliable cosmochronometers, to derive a first age distribution.
Methods. We applied a kernel density estimation to the UV velocity space of white dwarfs. For the region where a clear overdensity of stars was found, we created a 5D space of dynamic variables. We applied a hierarchichal clustering method, HDBSCAN, to this 5D space, and identified those white dwarfs that share similar kinematic characteristics. Finally, under general assumptions and from their photometric properties, we derived an age estimate for each object.
Results. The Hercules stream was first revealed as an overdensity in the UV velocity space of the thick-disk white dwarf population. Three substreams were then found: Hercules a and Hercules b, formed by thick-disk stars with an age distribution that peaked 4 Gyr in the past and extends to very old ages; and Hercules c, with a ratio of 65:35 of thin to thick stars and a more uniform age distribution that is younger than 10 Gyr.
Development of a innovative solution for energy recovery from the flow exhaust gas on bench test facility of turbofan aircraft engine through the use of innovative design methods: Definition of the process and the operating environment
Authors: Rahoui Amine , Aalaoui Zinab 
Published: August 2019

Civil aviation is driven nowadays by exceptional growth in the number of passengers. It should double or even triple by 2050 and thus, all industrials also plan to double the number of device delivery by mid-century. Responsible for about 2% of carbon dioxide on the planet, they must now deal with the environmental issues facing the sector.
At this moment in the world, several lines of research focus on increasing the efficiency of aircraft engines, development of new engines, efficient technologies, sustainable sources of alternative fuels and improved management air traffic on the ground and in flight [1].
The present work deals with a research focused on the engine test when passing in review in repair facilities. This operation which consist in making engine running while the cycles to test its performance in a test bench are studied to define a technological solution to reduce CO2 carbon footprint of the aircraft engine in this phase of the cycle of life. The idea is to produce electrical energy during these tests. To achieve this, we will highlight the case of a type bench facility for a specific airplane engines. As a result high-performance analysis tools are implemented to define the most suitable technological solution that ensures maximum efficiency, meets the functional and regulatory requirements taking into account the force of integration with the existing and cost optimization.
In this paper we present the summary of the working definition of the research process for the final term set in the operating environment integration relevance that provides bench test and level of innovation that provides the methods selected.
Simulation of compressible and incompressible flows in the presence of shocks
Authors: Benakrach H. , Taha-Janan M. , Es-Sadek M.Z. 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the present work is to use a finite volume method for solving Euler equations in the presence of shocks and discontinuities, with a generalized equation of state. This last choice allows to treat both compressible and incompressible fluids. The first results of the work are presented. They consist in simulating two-dimensional single-specie flows in the presence of shocks.
The results obtained are compared with the analytical results considered as benchmarks in the domain.
Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor Site-1 Protease in PF429242 Bound State: Computational Kinetics and Dynamics of Reversible Binding
Authors: Olaposi Omotuyi I. , Oyekanmi Nash , Ojo Ayodeji A. , Eniafe Gabriel O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMembrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (S1P) is an emerging clinical target due to its roles in lipogenesis, lysosomal biogenesis, unfolded protein response and viral glycoprotein processing. In this study, homology model of S1P was created in order to understand the structural basis for S1P inhibition by PF429242 using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and in silico kinetics studies. PF429242 was docked (GlideScorePF429242=−5.20 kcal/mol) into the catalytic triad (D218, H249 and S414) and validated (R2=0.5686). The reversible binding kinetic parameter (Koff/Kon) was estimated at=7.28E-03 M with fully bound and apo-states interspersed by 3 transient ligand-bound states with unique binding signatures; water plays a major role in PF429242 dissociation from the catalytic site. Communication between key catalytic triad residues is altered in the presence of PF429242. In apo-S1P state, S414–S307/V216-D218 is the preferred route but in PF429242-bound state, S414-S417/V216-D218 is preferred. Communication between S414 and H249 is also shortened in PF429242 bound state; here, only L410 is required unlike apo-state, which requires P418, V256 and F252. Ligand binding did not alter the communication route between S414 and H249 as both recruited D244 and G220. In conclusion, PF429242 binds tightly but reversible to S1P and the details of this interaction has been presented to guide future efforts at developing novel inhibitors. Site-1-protease; PF429242; Kon/Koff; Network analysis