bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Tropical Expansion: Natural Variability or Forced Response?
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Davis Sean M. , Simpson Isla R. , Waugh Darryn W. , Fu Qiang , Allen Robert J. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Maycock Amanda C. , Quan Xiao-Wei , Birner Thomas , Staten Paul W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have documented a poleward shift in the subsiding branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation since 1979 but have disagreed on the causes of these observed changes and the ability of global climate models to capture them. This synthesis paper reexamines a number of contradictory claims in the past literature and finds that the tropical expansion indicated by modern reanalyses is within the bounds of models’ historical simulations for the period 1979–2005. Earlier conclusions that models were underestimating the observed trends relied on defining the Hadley circulation using the mass streamfunction from older reanalyses. The recent observed tropical expansion has similar magnitudes in the annual mean in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), but models suggest that the factors driving the expansion differ between the hemispheres. In the SH, increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and stratospheric ozone depletion contributed to tropical expansion over the late twentieth century, and if GHGs continue increasing, the SH tropical edge is projected to shift further poleward over the twenty-first century, even as stratospheric ozone concentrations recover. In the NH, the contribution of GHGs to tropical expansion is much smaller and will remain difficult to detect in a background of large natural variability, even by the end of the twenty-first century. To explain similar recent tropical expansion rates in the two hemispheres, natural variability must be taken into account. Recent coupled atmosphere–ocean variability, including the Pacific decadal oscillation, has contributed to tropical expansion. However, in models forced with observed sea surface temperatures, tropical expansion rates still vary widely because of internal atmospheric variability.
Family Matters: Moving Beyond “If” Family Support Matters to “Why” Family Support Matters during Reentry from Prison
Authors: Mowen Thomas J. , Stansfield Richard , Boman John H. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Informed by social control and differential coercion and social support theories, we examine how multiple theoretically and methodologically distinct factors of family support relate to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending during prison reentry. Method: Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we identified three separate factors of family support—interactional (e.g., providing guidance and support), instrumental (e.g., providing housing and transportation), and emotional (e.g., providing love and belongingness). A series of mixed-effects models examined how each form of family support related to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending. Results: Findings demonstrated that instrumental, but not interactional or emotional, support related to significantly lower odds of reincarceration and lower levels of substance use and criminal offending. Interaction terms revealed that the effect of instrumental family support is almost entirely independent, and not interactive, on each outcome. Conclusions: Family support appears to relate to prosocial reentry outcomes not because of emotional or interactional bonds, but because families provide for the basic needs of returning individuals. Instrumental familial support mechanisms such as providing housing and financial support appear more salient in promoting prosocial reentry outcomes than mechanisms of emotional or interactional support.
The Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications and Hospital Length of Stay in Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Zhonghua , Chang Wei , Meng Shanshan , Xue Ming , Xie Jianfeng , Xu Jingyuan , Qiu Haibo , Yang Yi , Guo Fengmei 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNO) therapy on hospital length of stay (LOS) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in adult postoperative patients. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science of Studies, China National Knowledge Index, and Wan Fang databases were searched until July 2018. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFNO with conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation in adult postoperative patients were included. The primary outcomes were hospital LOS and PPCs; short-term mortality (defined as intensive care unit, hospital, or 28-day mortality) and intubation rate were the secondary outcomes. Data Extraction: Demographic variables, high-flow oxygen therapy application, effects, and side effects were retrieved. Data were analyzed by the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The strength of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Random errors were evaluated with trial sequential analysis. Data Synthesis: Fourteen studies (2568 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included. Compared to the control group, the pooled effect showed that HFNO was significantly associated with a shorter hospital stay (mean difference: −0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.34 to −0.29, P = .002), but not mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.59, P = 1.0). Weak evidence of a reduction in reintubation rate (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57-1.01, P = .06) and PPC rate (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06, P = .18) with HFNO versus control group was recorded. Conclusions: The available RCTs suggest that, among the adult postoperative patients, HFNO therapy compared to the control group significantly reduces hospital LOS.
Wearable Technology and Physical Activity Behavior Change in Adults With Chronic Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kirk Megan A. , Amiri Mohammad , Pirbaglou Meysam , Ritvo Paul 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of wearable device interventions (eg, Fitbit) to improve physical activity (PA) outcomes (eg, steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) in populations diagnosed with cardiometabolic chronic disease. Data Source: Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, an electronic search of 5 databases (Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) was conducted. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and May 2018 that used a wearable device for the full intervention in adults (18+) diagnosed with a cardiometabolic chronic disease were included. Excluded trials included studies that used devices at pre–post only, devices that administered medication, and interventions with no prospective control group comparison. Data Extraction: Thirty-five studies examining 4528 participants met the inclusion criteria. Study quality and RCT risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Data Synthesis: Meta-analyses to compute PA (eg, steps/day) and selected physical dispersion and summary effects were conducted using the raw unstandardized pooled mean difference (MD). Sensitivity analyses were examined. Results: Statistically significant increases in PA steps/day (MD = 2592 steps/day; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1689-3496) and MVPA min/wk (MD = 36.31 min/wk; 95% CI: 18.33-54.29) were found for the intervention condition. Conclusion: Wearable devices positively impact physical health in clinical populations with cardiometabolic diseases. Future research using the most current technologies (eg, Fitbit) will serve to amplify these findings.
Strategies to Promote Safe Water Drinking Identified by and for Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Kodjebacheva Gergana Damianova , Lapeyrouse Lisa M. , Rahrig Jamie , Walker Loretta , Campbell Kanday 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The Flint, Michigan, water crisis (2014 to present) increased awareness of the dangers of lead-contaminated water. Consumption of lead-contaminated water is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this research was to identify intervention strategies to decrease consumption of lead-contaminated water among women of reproductive age. Approach: Qualitative data were collected via an online survey consisting of open-ended questions among 63 women and 3 focus groups among 27 women. Setting: The University of Michigan–Flint. Method: Qualitative data were analyzed utilizing a grounded theory approach. Results: Participants recommended professional educational reading materials regarding lead be placed in public places. Women highlighted the need for interventions where women, partners, and relatives test water in homes, install water filters, cook lead-mitigating meals, and receive education on the pregnancy risks of consuming contaminated water. Conclusion: The study offers women perspectives on strategies to decrease consumption of lead-contaminated water. Future investigations may examine the influence of such strategies on knowledge and behaviors that promote safe water drinking.
In-Home Rehabilitation Resources and Avoidable Admissions to Inpatient Rehabilitation after Stroke: An Ecological Study
Authors: Meyer Matthew J , Teasell Robert , Thind Amardeep , Koval John , Speechley Mark 
Published: December 2018

Background and purpose: In Ontario (Canada’s most populous province), it has been suggested that mildly impaired stroke patients are being admitted to inpatient rehabilitation unnecessarily due to a lack of alternative options in the community. This ecological study aimed to formally test this hypothesis. Methods: Patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation bed in Ontario’s most highly functioning patient classification group (Rehabilitation Patient Group 1160) were retrospectively identified as potentially avoidable admissions, and the proportion of such patients was calculated for each Local Health Integration Network every year between 2006/2007 and 2010/2011. Five indicators of community-based rehabilitation availability were used to test the relationships between avoidable admissions and resource indicators. Results: Of the 25 correlations tested, 21 agreed with the hypothesized direction of effect and 4 reached statistical significance. Logistic-linear regressions on combined data from each of the 5 years demonstrated statistically significant associations between all 5 resource indicators and the proportion of potentially avoidable admissions. Conclusions: This study confirms the suggestion of variation in the proportion of mildly impaired patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation across Ontario’s Local Health Integration Networks. It also adds evidence to support the concern that a lack of community-based rehabilitation is contributing to these potentially avoidable admissions.
The Circle-Fit Method Helps Make Reliable Cortical Thickness Measurements Regardless of Humeral Length
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Steele Amy E. , Saiz Augustine M. , Bachus Kent N. , Skedros John G. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Although proximal humerus strength/quality can be assessed using cortical thickness measurements (eg, cortical index), there is no agreement where to make them. Tingart and coworkers used measurements where the proximal endosteum becomes parallel, while Mather and coworkers used measurements where the periosteum becomes parallel. The new circle-fit method (CFM) makes 2 metaphyseal (M1-M2) and 6 diaphyseal (D1-D6) measurements referenced from humeral head diameter (HHD). However, it is unknown whether these locations correlate to humeral length (HL). Accordingly, we asked: (1) Does HHD, Tingart distance, and Mather distance correlate with HL? (2) What is the location of HHD, Tingart distance, and Mather distance as a percentage of HL? and (3) Which CFM D1-D6 locations correlate with Tingart and Mather distances? Materials and Methods: Measurements made on cortical thickness (CT) scout views of 19 humeri (ages: 16-73 years) included HHD, distances from the superior aspect of the humerus to proximal Tingart and Mather locations, and HL. Results: Intraclass correlation was excellent for CFM-HHD, poor for Tingart, and moderate for Mather. The CFM-HHD had a stronger correlation to HL than Tingart and Mather. Mean HHD was 15.5% (0.9%) of HL while Tingart was 27.0% (4.1%) and Mather was 23.2% (3.8%). Tingart distance corresponded to D2/D3 CFM locations while the Mather distance was similar to D1/D2. Discussion: The CFM reliably correlates with HL and provides a stronger correlation and less variance between specimens than the Tingart or Mather Methods. Conclusions: Because the CFM produces reliable percent of HL locations, it should be used to define locations for obtaining biomechanically relevant CT measurements such as cortical index. Stronger correlations of these CFM-based measurements with proximal humerus strength will be important for developing advanced algorithms for fracture treatment.
Outcomes for Elderly Patients With Atypical Femoral Fractures Compared to Typical Femoral Fractures for Length of Stay, Discharge Destination, and 30-Day Mortality Rate
Authors: Davenport Dominic , Duncan James , Duncan Robert , Dick Alastair , Bansal Mohit , Edwards Max R. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Despite increasing recognition of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs), there’s conflicting evidence about incidence, aetiology, and short-term outcomes of these injuries. This study reports the incidence of AFFs at our center and compares the early postoperative outcomes against typical femoral fractures (TFFs). Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of patients presenting to our trauma unit between November 2015 and July 2016 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria required radiologically confirmed proximal femoral fracture, which was then categorized as AFF or TFF. Primary outcome measures included length of stay, discharge destination, and 30-day mortality. Results: Two hundred thirty-nine patients presented to our trauma unit over 9 months with either a fractured neck of femur or proximal femoral fracture. A total of 122 were identified as pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, or proximal femoral shaft fractures of which 25 (20.5%) displayed atypical radiographic features consistent with AFF. The 2 groups were similar for average age (TFF 85.3 years vs AFF 85.0 years), gender (19% vs 16% male gender), American Society of Anaesthesiology grade (3.0 vs 3.0), cognitive score (abbreviated mental test score = 7.03 vs 7.08), and preinjury place of residence (88.9% vs 92.0% lived in own home). Typical fractures were fixed with either dynamic hip screw or intramedullary nailing, all atypical fractures were fixed with intramedullary nailing. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups for length of stay (12.8 days vs 14.3 days; P > .05), discharge to preinjury residence (45.1% vs 36%; P > .05), or 30-day mortality (8.1% vs 12%; P > .05). Discussion: In our predominantly geriatric population atypical radiographic features were observed in around 10% of patients presenting with proximal femoral fractures or fractured neck of femur. Previous studies have reported poor outcomes for pain, mobility, and length of stay after AFF. However, we observed no difference in short-term outcome measures when compared to patients with typical proximal femoral fracture patterns at our trauma unit. Conclusion: With modern principles of trauma care outcomes achieved following AFFs may be equivalent to typical femoral fractures in the geriatric population.
Guselkumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis During Induction Phase: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cameron C. , Druchok C. , Hutton B. , McElligott S. , Nair S. , Schubert A. , Situ A. , Varu A. , Villacorta R. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Guselkumab is an interleukin-23 inhibitor indicated for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Objective: The objective was to determine the relative efficacy and safety of guselkumab compared to other biologics. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs) were conducted using meta-regression analyses that adjusted for cross-trial differences and risk differences. The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 response. Other efficacy and safety outcomes were considered. Several meta-regressions were performed to account for variations in patient and study characteristics: baseline risk adjustment (ie, control group response), prior biologic use, duration of psoriasis, weight, age, race, and baseline PASI/dermatology life quality index scores. The best-fitting model using predefined criteria was selected. Results: Forty-five RCTs were identified. Patient and study characteristics differed between RCTs as reflected in variations in control group response. Both the baseline risk-adjusted NMA and the risk-difference NMA fit the data best and suggested guselkumab has one of the highest PASI 90 responses. Pairwise comparisons from the baseline risk-adjusted PASI 90 NMA suggested guselkumab has comparable efficacy with ixekizumab (relative risk [RR]: 0.999, 95% credible intervals [CrIs]: 0.89-1.13) and brodalumab (RR: 1.04, 95% CrIs: 0.91-1.17) and superior efficacy versus all other treatments in the network (RR range, 1.20 to 43.22). Guselkumab was superior or comparable to other therapies for other efficacy outcomes and had a more favorable safety profile than most. Conclusions: Guselkumab has one of the highest PASI 90 responses among psoriasis treatments; similar findings were observed for other efficacy outcomes. Guselkumab has a favorable benefit–risk balance compared to moderate-to-severe psoriasis therapies.
Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome (oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome) in a Nigerian child: a case report
Authors: Badejo Oluwakemi A. , Fasina Oluyemi , Balogun James A. , Ogunbiyi John O. , Shokunbi Matthew T. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome, also known as oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome, is a rare congenital anomaly with ocular, cerebral and cutaneous manifestations. So far, only 40 cases have been described. Clinical case: A 3-year-old female Nigerian child with no identifiable left eyeball, multiple left-sided facial skin defects and delayed developmental milestones but otherwise uneventful medical and family history was evaluated at the Ophthalmology and Paediatric Neurosurgery in Ibadan, Nigeria. Besides the mentioned defects that were present since birth, brain imaging revealed several brain abnormalities including intracranial cysts. Global hyperreflexia and bilateral flexor plantar response were observed upon clinical examination. Left micro-ophthalmia and orbital mass were detected. A histological assessment of the orbital mass revealed it to be rudimentary ocular tissue. The diagnosis of Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome was made based on the clinico-radiological features. The patient underwent a left-sided posterior fossa cystoperitoneal shunt. The left orbital mass was enuclated and the patient is currently awaiting left eyelid reconstruction and an orbital implant and repair of the left alar nasi cleft. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first published report of Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome in a female child of West African descent. Given the variable manifestations of Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome, and overlap with other syndromes, the Delleman–Oorthuys syndrome may be underreported. Neuroimaging of patients with cutaneous tags, orbital cysts and micro-ophthalmia could reveal more cases.
A mechanism for hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor: an inhibitory regulatory role for the factor XII heavy chain
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Matafonov Anton , Sun Mao-fu , Mohammed Bassem M. , Cheng Qiufang , Dickeson S. Kent , Kundu Suman , Verhamme Ingrid M. , Gruber Andras , McCrae Keith , Gailani David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe plasma proteins factor XII (FXII) and prekallikrein (PK) undergo reciprocal activation to the proteases FXIIa and kallikrein by a process that is enhanced by surfaces (contact activation) and regulated by the serpin C1 inhibitor. Kallikrein cleaves high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK), releasing the vasoactive peptide bradykinin. Patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) experience episodes of soft tissue swelling as a consequence of unregulated kallikrein activity or increased prekallikrein activation. Although most HAE cases are caused by reduced plasma C1-inhibitor activity, HAE has been linked to lysine/arginine substitutions for Thr309 in FXII (FXII-Lys/Arg309). Here, we show that FXII-Lys/Arg309 is susceptible to cleavage after residue 309 by coagulation proteases (thrombin and FXIa), resulting in generation of a truncated form of FXII (δFXII). The catalytic efficiency of δFXII activation by kallikrein is 15-fold greater than for full-length FXII. The enhanced rate of reciprocal activation of PK and δFXII in human plasma and in mice appears to overwhelm the normal inhibitory function of C1 inhibitor, leading to increased HK cleavage. In mice given human FXII-Lys/Arg309, induction of thrombin generation by infusion of tissue factor results in enhanced HK cleavage as a consequence of δFXII formation. The effects of δFXII in vitro and in vivo are reproduced when wild-type FXII is bound by an antibody to the FXII heavy chain (HC; 15H8). The results contribute to our understanding of the predisposition of patients carrying FXII-Lys/Arg309 to angioedema after trauma, and reveal a regulatory function for the FXII HC that normally limits PK activation in plasma.
Loss-of-function mutations in PTPRJ cause a new form of inherited thrombocytopenia
Authors: Marconi Caterina , Di Buduo Christian A. , LeVine Kellie , Barozzi Serena , Faleschini Michela , Bozzi Valeria , Palombo Flavia , McKinstry Spencer , Lassandro Giuseppe , Giordano Paola , Noris Patrizia , Balduini Carlo L. , Savoia Anna , Balduini Alessandra , Pippucci Tommaso , Seri Marco , Katsanis Nicholas , Pecci Alessandro 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by low platelet count that may result in bleeding tendency. Despite progress being made in defining the genetic causes of ITs, nearly 50% of patients with familial thrombocytopenia are affected with forms of unknown origin. Here, through exome sequencing of 2 siblings with autosomal-recessive thrombocytopenia, we identified biallelic loss-of-function variants in PTPRJ. This gene encodes for a receptor-like PTP, PTPRJ (or CD148), which is expressed abundantly in platelets and megakaryocytes. Consistent with the predicted effects of the variants, both probands have an almost complete loss of PTPRJ at the messenger RNA and protein levels. To investigate the pathogenic role of PTPRJ deficiency in hematopoiesis in vivo, we carried out CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of ptprja (the ortholog of human PTPRJ) in zebrafish, which induced a significantly decreased number of CD41+ thrombocytes in vivo. Moreover, megakaryocytes of our patients showed impaired maturation and profound defects in SDF1-driven migration and formation of proplatelets in vitro. Silencing of PTPRJ in a human megakaryocytic cell line reproduced the functional defects observed in patients’ megakaryocytes. The disorder caused by PTPRJ mutations presented as a nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia characterized by spontaneous bleeding, small-sized platelets, and impaired platelet responses to the GPVI agonists collagen and convulxin. These platelet functional defects could be attributed to reduced activation of Src family kinases. Taken together, our data identify a new form of IT and highlight a hitherto unknown fundamental role for PTPRJ in platelet biogenesis.