bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxycline oscillations induced by internal waves in deep Lake Iseo
Authors: Valerio Giulia , Pilotti Marco , Lau Maximilian Peter , Hupfer Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Lake Iseo is undergoing a dramatic deoxygenation of the hypolimnion,
representing an emblematic example among the deep lakes of the pre-alpine
area that are, to a different extent, undergoing reduced deep-water mixing.
In the anoxic deep waters, the release and accumulation of reduced
substances and phosphorus from the sediments are a major concern. Because
the hydrodynamics of this lake was shown to be dominated by internal waves,
in this study we investigated, for the first time, the role of these
oscillatory motions on the vertical fluctuations of the oxycline, currently
situated at a depth of approximately 95 m, where a permanent chemocline
inhibits deep mixing via convection. Temperature and dissolved oxygen data
measured at moored stations show large and periodic oscillations of the
oxycline, with an amplitude of up to 20 m and periods ranging from 1 to 4 days.
Deep motions characterized by larger amplitudes at lower frequencies are
favored by the excitation of second vertical modes in strongly thermally
stratified periods and of first vertical modes in weakly thermally
stratified periods, when the deep chemical gradient can support
baroclinicity regardless. These basin-scale internal waves cause a
fluctuation in the oxygen concentration between 0 and 3 mg L−1 in the
water layer between 85 and 105 m in depth, changing the redox condition at the
sediment surface. This forcing, involving approximately 3 % of the lake's
sediment area, can have major implications for the biogeochemical processes
at the sediment–water interface and for the internal matter cycle.
Voortvarend in verbouwen
Authors: van Schaik Eline 
Published: April 2019

Quick to reform: How Denmark implements drastic policy changes efficiently (but not necessarily very effectively)
In international comparative research, a dominant image often emerges of Denmark as a frontrunner in innovative governance, gaining top results in international rankings.Based on four recent examples of national public reforms, this article studies the dynamics of reform implementation in Denmark, which can be characterised as expeditious and efficient. Three explanatory factors are discussed: a political, systemic and managerial factor. What is Denmark, a country in many ways similar to the Netherlands, doing differently? The article concludes that, for the Netherlands, the guiding element of Danish public reforms can be found not in the results of these reforms, but in the efficiency with which they are implemented.
Transparantie in de EU-Raad
Authors: Hillebrandt Maarten 
Published: April 2019

Transparency in the Council of the EU: Inevitable and indispensable? Unsatisfiable and unworkable?
The democratic deficit is generally observed to be one of the largest challenges facing the European Union. This is in spite of the fact that the member states introduced transparency in 1992 to address this legitimacy problem. This article asks why, after several decades, the transparency policy has still not delivered on its promise. In doing so, it bases itself on new empirical data that was collected in the context of a recently presented dissertation (Hillebrandt, 2017), while drawing a strict distinction between the empirical policy change question and the normative desirability question. From a longitudinal comparative analysis, a differentiated empirical image arises. On the one hand, a clear enhancement of legislative transparency can be discerned; on the other hand, a plurality of transparency-evasive practices has emerged in the area of non-legislative decision-making. This equivocal image supports contrasting normative responses, according to which transparency is respectively cast as an indispensable ideal, a fiction, or a solution in search of a problem.
De Nederlandse Staat als aandeelhouder in Air France/KLM: een nieuwe deelneming, een nieuw deelnemingenbeleid
Authors: Nijland J. 
Published: April 2019

De Nederlandse Staat als aandeelhouder in Air France/KLM: een nieuwe deelneming, een nieuw deelnemingenbeleid
Met de aankoop van aandelen in Air France-KLM hoopt de Nederlandse Staat de internationale bereikbaarheid van Nederland beter te borgen. Deze bijdrage bespreekt in hoeverre deze aankoop de positie van de Staat versterkt en hoe het huidige deelnemingenbeleid aldus verruimd lijkt te worden met ruimte voor nieuwe overheidsdeelnemingen.
An Introduction to the Singapore Convention on Mediation – Perspectives from Singapore
Authors: Alexander Nadja , Chong Shouyu 
Published: April 2019

An Introduction to the Singapore Convention on Mediation – Perspectives from Singapore
Following a retrospective of the road towards the Convention, incorporating some Singaporean inside views, the authors provide a detailed analysis of the envisaged grounds for refusal of mediated settlements. The authors also highlight various issues around the very concept, and proof, of mediation. These issues are fundamental, as only settlements ensuing from mediation are covered. Another significant aspect is the absence of any provisions pertaining to the status of agreements to mediate, the contract situated at the entry side of mediation.
Juzgar con perspectiva de género: una metodología vinculante de justicia equitativa
Authors: Poyatos Matas Gloria 
Published: April 2019

Una sociedad que mide con el mismo rasero a los desiguales genera más desigualdad. En muchas partes del mundo, la igualdad ha evolucionado desde lo jurídico (siglo XX) hacia lo real (siglo XXI), exigiendo resultados. Hacer real el principio de igualdad no permite neutralidad, hay que adoptar un enfoque constitucional, removiendo los obstáculos que lo dificulten, e integrando la perspectiva de género, como criterio de referencia en todos los casos que involucren relaciones asimétricas y patrones estereotípicos de género. Este artículo aporta información teórica y práctica sobre la impartición de justicia con perspectiva de género, como método de traslación y aplicación al ámbito judicial, de los estándares jurídicos internacionales y constitucionales en derecho antidiscriminatorio (gender mainstreaming), en la aplicación e interpretación de todas las normas, procesales y sustantivas. A nivel teórico, expone la normativa internacional e interna que sustenta este método de análisis judicial, que no es una opción de quien juzga sino un mandato legal imperativo y vinculante para todos los órganos judiciales, sometidos al imperio de la ley. Desde el punto de vista práctico, documenta cómo dos sentencias integran esta metodología en la interpretación jurídica de las normas penales y en la valoración de la prueba social
Changes in Postpartum Opioid Prescribing After Implementation of State Opioid Prescribing Limits
Authors: Fry Carrie E. , Jeffery Alvin D. , Horta Manuel , Li Yixuan , Osmundson Sarah S. , Phillippi Julia , Schirle Lori , Morgan Jake R. , Leech Ashley A. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceIn response to the growing opioid crisis, states implemented opioid prescribing limits to reduce exposure to opioid analgesics. Research in other clinical contexts has found that these limits are relatively ineffective at changing opioid analgesic prescribing.ObjectiveTo examine the association of state-level opioid prescribing limits with opioid prescribing within the 30-day postpartum period, as disaggregated by type of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean) and opioid naivete.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used commercial claims data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, from 49 US states and a difference-in-differences staggered adoption estimator to examine changes in postpartum opioid prescribing among all deliveries to enrollees between the ages of 18 and 44 years in the US.ExposuresThe implementation of a state opioid prescribing limit between 2017 and 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasurementsThe primary outcomes for this analysis were the number of prescriptions for opioid analgesics, proportion of prescriptions with a supply greater than 7 days, and milligrams of morphine equivalent (MMEs) per delivery between 3 days before and 30 days after delivery.ResultsA total of 1 572 338 deliveries (enrollee mean [SD] age, 30.20 [1.59] years) were identified between 2014 and 2021, with 32.3% coded as cesarean deliveries. A total of 98.4% of these were to opioid-naive patients. The mean MMEs per delivery was 310.79, with higher rates in earlier years, states that had an opioid prescribing limit, and cesarean deliveries. In a covariate-adjusted difference-in-differences regression analysis, opioid prescribing limits were associated with a decrease of 148.70 MMEs per delivery (95% CI, −657.97 to 360.57) compared with states without such limits. However, these changes were not statistically significant. The pattern of results was similar among other opioid-prescribing outcomes and types of deliveries.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that opioid prescribing limits are not associated with changes in postpartum opioid prescribing regardless of delivery type or opioid naivete, which is consistent with research findings on these limits in other conditions or settings. Future research could explore what kinds of prevention mechanisms reduce the risk of opioid prescribing during pregnancy and postpartum.
Ambulatory Care vs Overnight Hospitalization After Anterior Surgery for Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Lönnrot Kimmo , Taimela Simo , Satopää Jarno , Saarenpää Ilkka , Leinonen Ville , Kivelev Juri , Silvasti-Lundell Marja , Förster Johannes , Pitkänen Mikko , Raj Rahul , Kauppinen Mikko , Westermarck Riitta , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Koski-Palkén Anniina , Seppälä Matti , Kivipelto Leena , Antinheimo Jussi , Korja Miikka , Czuba Tomasz , Järvinen Teppo L. N. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceDuring the past decade, spinal surgical procedures have been increasingly performed on an ambulatory basis, a change in clinical practice supported only by observational evidence thus far. There have been no randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ambulatory care with inpatient care after any spinal surgery.ObjectiveTo assess whether ambulatory care is noninferior to overnight hospital surveillance in functional outcome, as measured by Neck Disability Index (NDI), in adults after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for cervical radiculopathy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis parallel group, noninferiority RCT enrolled patients at 3 tertiary neurosurgical centers in Finland (University Hospitals of Helsinki, Turku, and Oulu) between June 2019 and February 2021, with a final follow-up in October 2021. Patients aged 18 to 62 years who underwent 1-level or 2-level ACDF due to cervical radiculopathy were assessed for eligibility. After surgery, participants were randomly assigned to either ambulatory care or overnight hospital surveillance. Intention-to-treat data analyses were conducted in August 2022.InterventionsPatients randomly assigned to ambulatory care were kept under surveillance for 6 to 8 hours after surgery and then discharged. Patients assigned to overnight hospital surveillance were kept in the ward for 24 hours or longer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was NDI at 6 months. A minimal important difference of 17.3 percentage points for NDI was set as the margin of noninferiority.ResultsAmong the 105 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.0 [7.9] years; 54 women [50%]) randomly assigned to ambulatory care (n = 52) or overnight hospital surveillance (n = 53), 94 (90%) completed the trial. Four (8%) patients who received ambulatory care crossed over to overnight hospital surveillance. Seventy-nine patients (75%) had a 1-level ACDF and 26 (25%) had a 2-level ACDF. At 6 months after surgery, the mean NDI was 13.3% (95% CI, 9.3%-17.3%) in the ambulatory care group and 12.2% (95% CI, 8.2%-16.2%) in the overnight hospital surveillance group (between-group mean difference, 1.1 [95% CI, −4.6 to 6.8] percentage points).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this RCT comparing functional outcomes of ambulatory care vs overnight hospital surveillance after ACDF, ambulatory care resulted in noninferior functional outcomes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03979443
Deuteration‐Induced Superior Properties in Polymer/Soluble Acene Blends: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Lim Soohwan , Kim Minsong , Bae Heesun , Im Seongil , Ji Daechan , Lee Hoonkyung , Nguyen Ky Van , Lee June Hyuk , Anthony John E. , Jang Ho Won , Lyu Jaegeun , Koo Jaseung , Lee Wi Hyoung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe selection of suitable polymers is pivotal in influencing the electrical performance and the thermal/electrical stabilities of organic electronics. Here, the superior properties induced by deuteration in polymer/2,8‐difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF‐TES ADT) blends are systematically investigated. By employing a combination of experimental and computational analyses, the critical factors underlying charge transport and device stabilities in deuterated polymers (d‐polymers) compared to protonated polymers are elucidated. Deuterated polymers exhibit increased mass due to the substitution of hydrogen with deuterium, reducing the zero‐point vibration energy by 1/√2. This reduction leads to enhanced energetic stabilization and the formation of stronger D─C bonds than H─C bonds. Consequently, deuterated polymers exhibit enhanced thermal properties, along with improved insulating properties, which are intrinsically linked to improved device performance. Additionally, the correlation between the electrical properties and bias stability using deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (d‐PMMA) and polystyrene (d‐PS) blends are analyzed. Utilizing complementary neutron & X‐ray reflectivity, and photoexcited charge‐collection spectroscopy (PECCS), phase separation and trap dynamics are delved, providing a comprehensive understanding of these relationships. These findings reveal that d‐polymers significantly enhance the electrical performance and stability of the blends, offering valuable insights for the design of advanced materials in organic electronics.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Carrier‐Free Full‐Active Metal‐Phenolic Nanocapsules for Tumor Chemo‐Chemodynamic‐Immune Therapy
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhan Mengsi , Shen Siyan , Zhang Bin , Ouyang Zhijun , Guo Honghua , Xia Jindong , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDevelopment of carrier‐free full‐active nanoplatforms to exert efficient tumor therapeutics and prevent tumor recurrence remains to be a challenging task. Herein, a microfluidic synthesis of self‐assembled carrier‐free gossypol (Gos)‐iron ion (Fe3+)‐toyocamycin (Toy) nanocapsules (GFT NCs) is developed for tumor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and chemo‐chemodynamic‐immune therapy. The constructed GFT NCs with an average diameter of 101.9 nm display desirable colloidal stability, uniformity, pH‐responsive drug release profile, and enhanced r1 relaxivity (3.71 mm−1s−1) under an acidic condition. The NCs‐mediated co‐delivery of Gos, Fe3+, and Toy induces apparent immunogenic cell death by leveraging a combination of Gos‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, Fe3+‐mediated chemodynamic therapy, and Toy‐amplified endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus efficiently inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis while triggering a potent antitumor immunity. When combined with programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody, the GFT NCs significantly enhance immune activation and establish tumor‐specific immune memory effects, thereby preventing tumor recurrence. Compared to Magnevist, a commercial T1 MR imaging contrast agent, the GFT NCs offer superior tumor T1‐weighted MR imaging at equivalent Fe or Gd concentrations in vivo. The developed GFT NCs represent a potential carrier‐free full‐active nanomedicine formulation for multifaceted and enhanced immunotherapy across diverse tumor types.
Ultrasound‐Triggered Mg2+ Blasting Release Hydrogel Microspheres for Promoting Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Huang Wenlin , Wang Xu , Zhao Zhenyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMg2+ (Magnesium ion) can affect bone tissue metabolism by regulating related signaling pathways in bone metabolism. However, how to realize precise controlled release of Mg2+ in bone regeneration treatment still presents a challenge. Herein, for the first time, the GelMA‐BP (Gelatin Methacryloyl‐Bisphosphonate) and the composite nano‐bubble system are fused to construct the Mg2+ blasting controlled‐release hydrogel microspheres, the stability of the nano‐bubbles in the microspheres is enhanced through metal coordination complexation, and the burst of the nano‐bubbles is controlled by using ultrasonic cavitation to achieve the precise controlled release of Mg2+, ultimately effectively promoting bone reconstruction. First, GelMA‐BP composite is prepared by Schiff base reaction. Second, the nanobubble BP (Bisphosphonate) system is constructed, and Mg2+ is combined with the ligand coordination to prepare the composite nanobubble system. Thirdly, through Mg2+ co‐coordination, the ultrasound‐triggered Mg2+ blasting controlled release microspheres were prepared to achieve bone repair. Overall, this innovative strategy effectively solves the problem of accurate controlled release of Mg2+, and finally effectively activates in situ bone tissue regeneration.
Your Clean Graphene is Still Not Clean
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Okmi Aisha , Xiao Kai , Lei Sidong , Lupini Andrew R. , Jesse Stephen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearchers working with thin samples, such as monolayer graphene, are consistently struggling against contamination. Indeed, the problem of hydrocarbon contamination is known from the earliest days of electron microscopy and efforts to reduce this problem are ubiquitous to almost all high‐vacuum experiments. Accurate knowledge of the behavior of such contamination is essential for electron beam (e‐beam) based atomic fabrication, where it is aspired to select and control matter on an atom‐by‐atom basis. Here, the vexing question of hydrocarbon contamination on graphene is taken up. Image intensity is used to directly reveal the presence of diffusing hydrocarbons on ostensibly clean graphene. These diffusing hydrocarbons are previously inferred but not directly observed. Surprising dynamic variations of the concentration of these hydrocarbons impels questions about their origin. Here, some possible explanations are presented and some tentative conclusions are drawn. This work updates the conceptual model of “clean graphene” and offers refinements to the description of e‐beam induced hydrocarbon deposition.
A Microfluidic Platform for In Situ Studies of Bacteria Electroporation
Authors: Volkov Ivan L. , Khaji Zahra , Johansson Magnus , Tenje Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectroporation of dye‐labeled bio‐molecules into bacteria has proven to be a valuable route for single‐molecule tracking in living cells. However, control over cell viability, electroporation efficiency, and environment conditions before, during, and after electroporation is difficult to achieve in bulk experiments. Here, a microfluidic platform is presented capable of single‐cell electroporation with in situ microscopy and demonstrate delivery of DNA into bacteria. Via real time observation of the electroporation process, it is found that the effect of electrophoresis plays an important role when performing electroporation in a miniaturized platform and show that its undesired action can be balanced by using bipolar electrical pulses. It is suggested that a low temperature of the sample during electroporation is important for cell viability due to temperature‐dependant viscoelastic properties of the cell membrane. It is further found that the presence of low conductive liquid between cells and the electrodes leads to a voltage divider effect that strongly influences the success of on‐chip electroporation. Finally, it is concluded that electroporation is a highly stochastic process and envision that the microfluidic system presented here, capable of single‐cell read‐out, can be used for further fundamental studies to increase the understanding of the electroporation process in bacterial cells.
Highly Stabilized Ni‐Rich Cathodes Enabled by Artificially Reversing Naturally‐Formed Interface
Authors: Ma Jinjin , Sun Yipeng , Wu Duojie , Wang Changhong , Yu Ruizhi , Duan Hui , Zheng Matthew , Li Ruying , Gu M. Danny , Zhao Yang , Zhou Jigang , Sun Xueliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA significant obstacle in the manufacturing and practical application of Ni‐rich cathode materials is decreasing the manufacturing cost without sacrificing the cycling stability. Here a high‐energy, ultrahigh‐Ni, and nearly Co‐free cathode with outstanding cycling performance is proposed. This promising cathode is enabled by artificially constructing an “outside‐in” interface structure toward LiNi0.94Co0.05Mn0.01O2 (NCM94) cathodes. Combining theoretical prediction and experimental results, it is revealed that high interfacial stability is achieved by a specific surface chemistry with an outside‐in structure composed of an inner organic layer and an outer inorganic layer. Benefiting from the protection effect of the robust outside layer and the strain relieve function of the inside layer, the intrinsic challenges of interfacial reactions, transition metal (TM) dissolution, and micro‐crack propagation have been mitigated for the Ni‐rich cathode. As a result, the “outside‐in” strategy enables superior cycling stability with a 92.7% retention after 200 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 149.1 mAh g−1 at 10 C, achieved by adding only 0.5% of the production cost. This study unlocks the possibilities of achieving outstanding performance for ultrahigh Ni cathode by spending minimum cost through the facile surface chemistry method.
Ametoctradin + dimethomorph spray frequency affects late blight disease and yield in potato genotypes
Authors: Anoumaa Mariette , Suh Christopher , Kouam Eric Bertrand , Kanmegne Gabriel , Djomo Sime Hervé , Temfack Deloko Carlos Dély , Fonkou Théophile 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is hindered by several diseases, the worst being the late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary. This study aimed at determining an appropriate frequency of ametoctradin + dimethomorph ([26.9 + 20.2]%) spray for late blight disease management in potato genotypes. Field experiments were conducted in Bansoa, Cameroon, from August to October in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons The experimental design was a split‐plot design with three replications. Three ametoctradin + dimethomorph spray frequencies (4‐, 7‐, and 10‐day intervals) were tested at the plot level, whereas seven genotypes including Banso, CIPIRA, Desiree, Dosa, Jacob2005, Manate, and Tezelfo were tested at the subplot level. The commonly used fungicide combination, which includes Mancozeb 80% wettable powder supplemented with cymoxanil + chlorotalomil [(30 + 6)%] wettable powder, was sprayed at 3‐day intervals (a total of 18 sprays) and was used as a positive control. Negative control plots were not sprayed. Data were collected on late blight rAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) and yield components. Results showed all fungicide spray frequencies reduced rAUDPC and consequently increased potato yield. The most economically efficient spray frequency was the 7‐day interval with a total of nine sprays, which resulted in an increased net return of $9738 ha−1 with 9.6% profitability against the commonly used fungicide mix. The total number of fungicide sprays could be reduced to six for genotypes Banso and CIPIRA, which showed lower rAUDPC. The mean yield loss associated with unsprayed plots was 93.2%.