bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children with kawasaki disease present elevated stiffness of great arteries: Phase‐contrast MRI study
Authors: Schäfer Michal , Truong Uyen , Ivy D. Dunbar , Fonseca Brian , Malone Ladonna , DiMaria Michael , Barker Alex J. , Vargas Daniel , Hunter Kendall S. , Jone Pei‐Ni , Browne Lorna P. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPatients with diagnosed Kawasaki disease (KD) are known to develop extracardiac vascular lesions and are prone to accelerated stiffening of medium‐size arteries.PurposeTo noninvasively evaluate great vessel (central aorta and main pulmonary artery (MPA)) stiffness using phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI).Study typeRetrospective review.SubjectsThirty‐three patients with previously diagnosed KD and 15 control subjects underwent PC‐MRI evaluation.Field Strength/SequenceA free‐breathing PC‐MRI sequence was applied with Cartesian encoding and retrospective sorting using a 1.5 or 3.0T system.AssessmentWe evaluated regionally specific vessel stiffness using pulse‐wave velocity (PWV) and relative area change (RAC) at the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and MPA.Statistical TestsHemodynamics among patients with KD and controls were compared using Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon Rank‐sum, and χ2. Additional group‐specific comparisons were performed using Kruskal–Wallis or one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsPatients with KD showed elevated PWV in both ascending (5.0 ± 1.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5, P < 0.001) and descending aorta (4.4 ± 2.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8, P < 0.001). RAC was correspondingly reduced in both segments (both P < 0.01). PWV measured in MPA was increased in KD patients (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.6, P = 0.045) while the RAC was reduced (34 ± 6 vs. 47 ± 3, P = 0.045). There were no associations between considered vessel stiffness indices and respective ventricular size and function, functional indices, and no correlations were observed with KD severity markers.Data ConclusionPatients with KD have elevated great vessel stiffness measured at the chronic stage of the disease. Accelerated stiffness process does not appear to affect biventricular function in youthLevel of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1228–1236.
Assessment of a high‐SNR chemical‐shift‐encoded MRI with complex reconstruction for proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation overall and in the low‐fat range
Authors: Park Charlie C. , Hooker Catherine , Hooker Jonathan C. , Bass Emily , Haufe William , Schlein Alexandra , Covarrubias Yesenia , Heba Elhamy , Bydder Mark , Wolfson Tanya , Gamst Anthony , Loomba Rohit , Schwimmer Jeffrey , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. , Middleton Michael , Sirlin Claude B. , Hamilton Gavin 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundImproving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of chemical‐shift‐encoded MRI acquisition with complex reconstruction (MRI‐C) may improve the accuracy and precision of noninvasive proton density fat fraction (PDFF) quantification in patients with hepatic steatosis.PurposeTo assess the accuracy of high SNR (Hi‐SNR) MRI‐C versus standard MRI‐C acquisition to estimate hepatic PDFF in adult and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using an MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequence as the reference standard.Study TypeProspective.Population/SubjectsIn all, 231 adult and pediatric patients with known or suspected NAFLD.Field Strength/SequencePDFF estimated at 3T by three MR techniques: standard MRI‐C; a Hi‐SNR MRI‐C variant with increased slice thickness, decreased matrix size, and no parallel imaging; and MRS (reference standard).AssessmentMRI‐PDFF was measured by image analysts using a region of interest coregistered with the MRS‐PDFF voxel.Statistical TestsLinear regression analyses were used to assess accuracy and precision of MRI‐estimated PDFF for MRS‐PDFF as a function of MRI‐PDFF using the standard and Hi‐SNR MRI‐C for all patients and for patients with MRS‐PDFF <10%.ResultsIn all, 271 exams from 231 patients were included (mean MRS‐PDFF: 12.6% [SD: 10.4]; range: 0.9–41.9). High agreement between MRI‐PDFF and MRS‐PDFF was demonstrated across the overall range of PDFF, with a regression slope of 1.035 for the standard MRI‐C and 1.008 for Hi‐SNR MRI‐C. Hi‐SNR MRI‐C, compared to standard MRI‐C, provided small but statistically significant improvements in the slope (respectively, 1.008 vs. 1.035, P = 0.004) and mean bias (0.412 vs. 0.673, P < 0.0001) overall. In the low‐fat patients only, Hi‐SNR MRI‐C provided improvements in the slope (1.058 vs. 1.190, P = 0.002), mean bias (0.168 vs. 0.368, P = 0.007), intercept (−0.153 vs. −0.796, P < 0.0001), and borderline improvement in the R2 (0.888 vs. 0.813, P = 0.01).Data ConclusionCompared to standard MRI‐C, Hi‐SNR MRI‐C provides slightly higher MRI‐PDFF estimation accuracy across the overall range of PDFF and improves both accuracy and precision in the low PDFF range.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:229–238.
Trichilemmal Cyst: Clinical and Sonographic Features
Authors: He Ping , Cui Li‐Gang , Wang Jin‐Rui , Zhao Bo , Chen Wen , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesIn this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical and sonographic features of patients with trichilemmal cysts.MethodsSonographic findings of 54 cases of trichilemmal cysts were retrospectively analyzed from 50 patients, including 4 cases of proliferating trichilemmal cysts. Associated factors of internal calcification–positive cases were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of the 50 patients was 43.4 years (range, 15−80 years) and the female‐to‐male ratio was 1.3. Overall, 68% of the trichilemmal cysts in the 54 lesions were located in the scalp, and 15% were located in the extremities. All 54 lesions were preoperatively examined by sonography and showed well‐defined, oval‐shaped structures located in subcutaneous soft tissues close to the dermis. Of the 54 lesions, 72% were hypoechoic masses, 89% were heterogeneous, and 65% had internal calcification. Among the internal calcification–positive cases, the mean age of the patients was 43.4 years, and the female‐to‐male ratio was 0.6. Of these lesions, 83% were located in the scalp. We did not find any significant association between calcification, age, or sex (P = .993 and P = .99); however, lesions present in the scalp were significantly associated with internal calcification (P = .005). 81% of the 54 lesions displayed posterior enhancement. but the color Doppler sonography of all lesions revealed no vascularization.ConclusionsTrichilemmal cysts should be considered to diagnose of well‐defined, hypoechoic lesions with internal calcification and posterior sound enhancement in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the scalp or extremities upon sonography.
Accelerated Thermal Depolymerization of Cyclic Polyphthalaldehyde with a Polymeric Thermoacid Generator
Authors: Lopez Hernandez Hector , Lee Olivia P. , Possanza Casey Catherine M. , Kaitz Joshua A. , Park Chan Woo , Plantz Christopher L. , Moore Jeffrey S. , White Scott R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThermally triggerable polymer films that degrade at modest temperatures (≈85 °C) are created from a blend of cyclic polyphthalaldehyde (cPPA) and a polymeric thermoacid generator, poly(vinyl tert‐butyl carbonate sulfone) (PVtBCS). PVtBCS depolymerizes when heated, generating acid which initiates the depolymerization of cPPA into volatile byproducts. The mass loss onset for 2 wt% PVtBCS/cPPA is 22 °C lower than the onset for neat cPPA alone in dynamic thermogravimetric analysis experiments. Increased concentrations of PVtBCS increase the rate of depolymerization of cPPA. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the monomer, o‐phthalaldehyde, is the main depolymerization product of the acid‐catalyzed depolymerization of cPPA. The PVtBCS/cPPA blend is a promising material for the design and manufacture of transient electronic packaging and polymers.
Microstructural correlates of 3D steady‐state inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) in the human brain white matter assessed by myelin water imaging and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Ercan Ece , Varma Gopal , Mädler Burkhard , Dimitrov Ivan E. , Pinho Marco C. , Xi Yin , Wagner Benjamin C. , Davenport Elizabeth M. , Maldjian Joseph A. , Alsop David C. , Lenkinski Robert E. , Vinogradov Elena 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo compare the recently introduced inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) technique with more established MRI techniques including myelin water imaging (MWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and to evaluate the microstructural attributes correlating with this new contrast method in the human brain white matter.MethodsEight adult healthy volunteers underwent T1‐weighted, ihMT, MWI, and DTI imaging on a 3T human scanner. The ihMT ratio (ihMTR), myelin water fraction (MWF), fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and mean diffusivity (MD) values were calculated from different white matter tracts. The angle () between the directions of the principal eigenvector, as measured by DTI, and the main magnetic field was calculated for all voxels from various fiber tracts. The ihMTR was correlated with MWF and DTI metrics.ResultsA strong correlation was found between ihMTR and MWF (ρ = 0.77, P < 0.0001). This was followed by moderate to weak correlations between ihMTR and DTI metrics: RD (ρ = −0.30, P < 0.0001), FA (ρ = 0.20, P < 0.0001), MD (ρ = −0.19, P < 0.0001), AD (ρ = 0.02, P < 0.0001). A strong correlation was found between ihMTR and (ρ = −0.541, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe strong correlation with myelin water imaging and its low coefficient of variation suggest that ihMT has the potential to become a new structural imaging marker of myelin. The substantial orientational dependence of ihMT should be taken into account when evaluating and quantitatively interpreting ihMT results.
Why Do Mice Overeat High‐Fat Diets? How High‐Fat Diet Alters the Regulation of Daily Caloric Intake in Mice
Authors: Licholai Julia A. , Nguyen Katrina P. , Fobbs Wambura C. , Schuster Corbin J. , Ali Mohamed A. , Kravitz Alexxai V. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveAd libitum high‐fat diets (HFDs) spontaneously increase caloric intake in rodents, which correlates positively with weight gain. However, it remains unclear why rodents overeat HFDs. This paper investigated how changing the proportion of diet that came from HFDs might alter daily caloric intake in mice.MethodsMice were given 25%, 50%, or 90% of their daily caloric need from an HFD, along with ad libitum access to a low‐fat rodent chow diet. Food intake was measured daily to determine how these HFD supplements impacted total daily caloric intake. Follow‐up experiments addressed the timing of HFD feeding.ResultsHFD supplements did not alter total caloric intake or body weight. In a follow‐up experiment, mice consumed approximately 50% of their daily caloric need from an HFD in 30 minutes during the light cycle, a time when mice do not normally consume food.ConclusionsAn HFD did not disrupt regulation of total daily caloric intake, even when up to 90% of total calories came from the HFD. However, HFDs increased daily caloric intake when provided ad libitum and were readily consumed by mice outside of their normal feeding cycle. Ad libitum HFDs appear to induce overconsumption beyond the mechanisms that regulate daily caloric intake.
Mining for Microbial Gems: Integrating Proteomics in the Postgenomic Natural Product Discovery Pipeline
Authors: Du Chao , van Wezel Gilles P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNatural products (NPs) are a major source of compounds for medical, agricultural, and biotechnological industries. Many of these compounds are of microbial origin, and, in particular, from Actinobacteria or filamentous fungi. To successfully identify novel compounds that correlate to a bioactivity of interest, or discover new enzymes with desired functions, systematic multiomics approaches have been developed over the years. Bioinformatics tools harness the rapidly expanding wealth of genome sequence information, revealing previously unsuspected biosynthetic diversity. Varying growth conditions or application of elicitors are applied to activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters, and metabolomics provide detailed insights into the NPs they specify. Combining these technologies with proteomics‐based approaches to profile the biosynthetic enzymes provides scientists with insights into the full biosynthetic potential of microorganisms. The proteomics approaches include enrichment strategies such as employing activity‐based probes designed by chemical biology, as well as unbiased (quantitative) proteomics methods. In this review, the opportunities and challenges in microbial NP research are discussed, and, in particular, the application of proteomics to link biosynthetic enzymes to the molecules they produce, and vice versa.
High‐performing random terpolymer‐based nonfullerene polymer solar cells fabricated using solvent additive‐free as‐cast blend films
Authors: Hoang Mai Ha , Park Gi Eun , Phan Dinh Long , Ngo Trinh Tung , Nguyen Tuyen Van , Park Su Hong , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTwo new random terpolymers containing 4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) as a donating unit, methyl‐3‐thiophenecarboxylate (3MT) as a weak accepting unit, and the more electron‐deficient benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTz) or 5,5′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H,4′H‐1,1′‐bithieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,4′,6,6′(5H,5′H)‐tetraone (BiTPD) unit as a third monomer (respectively yielding 3MTB and 3MTT) were synthesized in order to achieve improved physical and optoelectronic properties relative to the 3MT‐Th copolymer bearing only BDT and 3MT. The UV–vis absorption spectra and optical bandgap energies of these terpolymers were broader and smaller than those of the 3MT‐Th copolymer. In thin films, the terpolymers displayed the face‐on polymer chain orientation, indicating that the BTz or BiTPD unit in the terpolymer backbones did not affect the molecular arrangement on the substrate. In comparison with 3MT‐Th‐based polymer solar cells (PSCs) as control devices, the PSCs employing blend films of these terpolymers as the donor and 2,2′‐[[6,6,12,12‐Tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐6,12‐dihydrodithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,8‐diyl]bis[methylidyne(3‐oxo‐1H‐indene‐2,1(3H)‐diylidene)]]bis[propanedinitrile] (ITIC) as the acceptor exhibited higher power conversion efficiencies (>8.0%) for the same device configuration. In addition, the 3MTB‐ and 3MTT‐based PSC devices displayed excellent shelf‐life even after aging for over 1000 h. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1528–1535
Interleukin‐6 induces VEGF secretion from prostate cancer cells in a manner independent of androgen receptor activation
Authors: Ishii Kenichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Kajiwara Shinya , Kato Manabu , Kanda Hideki , Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Arima Kiminobu , Mizokami Atsushi , Sugimura Yoshiki 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe reduced androgen‐sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells is an important clinical development because of its association with the cells’ progression to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). During androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), stroma‐derived growth factors and cytokines can activate the androgen receptor (AR). For example, IL‐6 is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the malignancy of PCa cells through AR activation. In the present study, we used an androgen‐sensitive human PCa cell line (LNCaP) and its sublines to investigate the relationship between the responsiveness of PCa cells to IL‐6 treatment and the cellular AR signaling pathway.MethodsThe androgen‐low‐sensitive F10 and E9 cells were obtained from LNCaP cells by limiting dilution method in regular culture condition. In contrast, the androgen‐insensitive AIDL cells were established from LNCaP cells by continuous passaging in hormone‐depleted condition. Original carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) PCaSC‐8 and PCaSC‐9 cells were isolated from needle biopsy samples of PCa patients.ResultsIn fibroblasts derived from PCa patients, IL‐6 secretion was generally higher than that observed with normal fibroblasts. In contrast, IL‐6 secretion was not detected in LNCaP and its sublines. The soluble IL‐6 receptor was detected in PCa cells but not in fibroblasts. IL‐6 treatment suppressed cell growth of LNCaP, F10, and E9 cells but not AIDL cells and it was accompanied with neuroendocrine‐like differentiation. Induction of PSA secretion was observed in IL‐6‐treated LNCaP and F10 cells. VEGF secretion was strongly induced in IL‐6‐treated LNCaP and AIDL cells. IL‐6‐induced VEGF secretion was significantly suppressed by a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and it was accompanied by inhibited phosphorylation of Akt.ConclusionsOur results suggest that IL‐6 might induce VEGF secretion from PCa cells in a manner independent of AR activation. To prevent IL‐6‐induced VEGF secretion, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could be an important pharmacological goal regardless of ADT.
Radiation chemists look at damage in redox proteins induced by X‐rays
Authors: Wherland Scot , Pecht Israel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of proteins, especially as determined by X‐ray crystallography, is critical to the understanding of their function. However, the X‐ray exposure may lead to damage that must be recognized and understood to interpret the crystallographic results. This is especially relevant for proteins with transition metal ions that can be oxidized or reduced. The detailed study of proteins in aqueous solution by the technique of pulse radiolysis has provided a wealth of information on the production and fate of radicals that are the same as those produced by X‐ray exposure. The results reviewed here illustrate how the products of the interaction of radiation with water or with solutes added to the crystallization medium, and with proteins themselves, are formed, and about their fate. Of particular focus is how electrons are produced and transferred through the polypeptide matrix to redox centers such as metal ions or to specific amino acid residues, for example, disulfides, and how the hydroxyl radicals formed may be converted to reducing equivalents or scavenged.
Augmented reality for the surgeon: Systematic review
Authors: Yoon Jang W. , Chen Robert E. , Kim Esther J. , Akinduro Oluwaseun O. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Han Phillip K. , Si Phong , Freeman William D. , Diaz Roberto J. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Pirris Stephen M. , Brown Benjamin L. , Bydon Mohamad , Wang Michael Y. , Wharen Robert E. , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionSince the introduction of wearable head‐up displays, there has been much interest in the surgical community adapting this technology into routine surgical practice.MethodsWe used the keywords augmented reality OR wearable device OR head‐up display AND surgery using PubMed, EBSCO, IEEE and SCOPUS databases. After exclusions, 74 published articles that evaluated the utility of wearable head‐up displays in surgical settings were included in our review.ResultsAcross all studies, the most common use of head‐up displays was in cases of live streaming from surgical microscopes, navigation, monitoring of vital signs, and display of preoperative images. The most commonly used head‐up display was Google Glass. Head‐up displays enhanced surgeons' operating experience; common disadvantages include limited battery life, display size and discomfort.ConclusionsDue to ergonomic issues with dual‐screen devices, augmented reality devices with the capacity to overlay images onto the surgical field will be key features of next‐generation surgical head‐up displays.
The impact of climate change on the morphology of a tidal freshwater wetland affected by tides, discharge, and wind
Authors: Verschelling E. , van der Perk M. , Middelkoop H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTidal freshwater wetlands are threatened by climate change, especially by rising sea levels. Until now, research in these wetlands has focused mostly on determining historical and present‐day accretion rates without analysing the influence of climate change on future developments. We study a recently constructed freshwater wetland under influence of tides, wind, and riverine discharges and carry out a scenario analysis to evaluate the impact of climate change on morphodynamics. We use a numerical model that describes the hydrodynamics and morphology in the study area and includes the impact of vegetation and carry out transient scenario runs for the period 2015–2050 with gradually changing boundary conditions. We conclude that the simulated accretion rates are significantly lower than the rate of sea level rise, meaning that the wetland will gradually convert to open water. We also find that the morphological changes can largely be attributed to morphological stabilization of the constructed wetland and not to climate change. Wind plays an important role through resuspension and redistribution of fine sediment, and neglecting it would lead to a significant overestimation of accretion rates on the flats.
Advancements in Copper Nanowires: Synthesis, Purification, Assemblies, Surface Modification, and Applications
Authors: Zhao Songfang , Han Fei , Li Jinhui , Meng Xiangying , Huang Wangping , Cao Duxia , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCopper nanowires (CuNWs) are attracting a myriad of attention due to their preponderant electric conductivity, optoelectronic and mechanical properties, high electrocatalytic efficiency, and large abundance. Recently, great endeavors are undertaken to develop controllable and facile approaches to synthesize CuNWs with high dispersibility, oxidation resistance, and zero defects for future large‐scale nano‐enabled materials. Herein, this work provides a comprehensive review of current remarkable advancements in CuNWs. The Review starts with a thorough overview of recently developed synthetic strategies and growth mechanisms to achieve single‐crystalline CuNWs and fivefold twinned CuNWs by the reduction of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. Following is a discussion of CuNW purification and multidimensional assemblies comprising films, aerogels, and arrays. Next, several effective approaches to protect CuNWs from oxidation are highlighted. The emerging applications of CuNWs in diverse fields are then focused on, with particular emphasis on optoelectronics, energy storage/conversion, catalysis, wearable electronics, and thermal management, followed by a brief comment on the current challenges and future research directions. The central theme of the Review is to provide an intimate correlation among the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of CuNWs.
2D Metal Chalcogenides Incorporated into Carbon and their Assembly for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Deng Zongnan , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract2D metal chalcogenides have become a popular focus in the energy storage field because of their unique properties caused by their single‐atom thicknesses. However, their high surface energy and van der Waals attraction easily cause serious stacking and restacking, leading to the generation of more inaccessible active sites with rapid capacity fading. The hybridization of 2D metal chalcogenides with highly conductive materials, particularly, incorporating ultrasmall and few‐layered metal chalcogenides into carbon frameworks, can not only maximize the exposure of active sites but also effectively avoid their stacking and aggregation during the electrochemical reaction process. Therefore, a satisfactory specific capacity will be achieved with a long cycle life. In this Concept, the representative progress on such intriguing nanohybrids and their applications in energy storage devices are mainly summarized. Finally, an outlook of the future development and challenges of such nanohybrids for achieving an excellent energy storage capability is also provided.