bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics nomogram based on MRI for predicting white matter hyperintensity progression in elderly adults
Authors: Shu Zhen‐Yu , Shao Yuan , Xu Yu‐Yun , Ye Qin , Cui Si‐Jia , Mao De‐Wang , Pang Pei‐Pei , Gong Xiang‐Yang 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) is widely observed in aging brain and is associated with various diseases. A pragmatic and handy method in the clinic to assess and follow up white matter disease is strongly in need.PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics nomogram for the prediction of WMH progression.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationBrain images of 193 WMH patients from the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) database in the A Medical Center (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital). MRI data of 127 WMH patients from the PACS database in the B Medical Center (Zhejiang Lishui People's Hospital) were included for external validation. All of the patients were at least 60 years old.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐fluid attenuated inversion recovery images were acquired using a 3T scanner.AssessmentWMH was evaluated utilizing the Fazekas scale based on MRI. WMH progression was assessed with a follow‐up MRI using a visual rating scale. Three neuroradiologists, who were blinded to the clinical data, assessed the images independently. Moreover, interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility were performed for the regions of interest for segmentation and feature extraction.Statistical TestsA receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was calculated, along with sensitivity and specificity. Also, a Hosmer–Lemeshow test was performed.ResultsThe AUC of radiomics signature in the primary, internal validation cohort, external validation cohort were 0.886, 0.816, and 0.787, respectively; the specificity were 71.79%, 72.22%, and 81%, respectively; the sensitivity were 92.68%, 87.94% and 78.3%, respectively. The radiomics nomogram in the primary cohort (AUC = 0.899) and the internal validation cohort (AUC = 0.84). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed no significant difference between the primary cohort and the internal validation cohort (P > 0.05). The AUC of the radiomics nomogram, radiomics signature, and hyperlipidemia in all patients from the primary and internal validation cohort was 0.878, 0.848, and 0.626, respectively.Data ConclusionThis multicenter study demonstrated the use of a radiomics nomogram in predicting the progression of WMH with elderly adults (an age of at least 60 years) based on conventional MRI.Level of Evidence:3Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:535–546.
Evaluation of evapotranspiration estimates from observed and reanalysis data sets over Indian region
Authors: Purnadurga G. , Kumar T.V. Lakshmi , Rao K. Koteswara , Barbosa Humberto , Mall R.K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have computed the evapotranspiration (ET) from the input variables of India Meteorological Department (IMD) for different stations in Monsoon Core Region (MCR) of India and Indian Peninsular Region (IPR) and compared with the ERA Interim (ERA‐I) and CRU ET data sets. While studying the discrepancies among the data sets, rainfall (source: IMD gridded), relative humidity (source: ERA Interim gridded), air temperature (source: IMD gridded) and soil moisture (source: TRMM/LPRM/TMI‐Model) were made use to illustrate the ET variations. When compared with IMD ET, our results show the CRU ET is underestimated but maintained the close pattern over MCR and IPR during South West (SW) monsoon (June–September) and North East (NE) monsoon (October–December) period, respectively. ERA‐I ET bounded to have mixed response over MCR and are higher than the IMD ET over IPR. Daily comparison of the IMD and ERA‐I ET data sets shows a large bias during the beginning of SW monsoon (June month) compared to other months. Site wise correlations show the substantial positive correlations between IMD and CRU ET over MCR than IPR. Overall analysis shows the monsoon features were better explained by the variations in IMD ET compared to CRU and ERA‐I ET data sets. The reported disparities among the data sets play an important role in the choice of selection for different applications such as water resource assessments, crop water requirements, monitoring of droughts etc.
Intraseasonal variability of the genesis potential index and its relationship with tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Jianyun , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Chen Jau‐Ming , You Lijun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the genesis potential index (GPI) and its relationship with tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) are examined for the summer (May–October) during 1982–2016. The distribution of GPI is separated into three sub‐regions as South China Sea (SCS), western part of WNP (WWNP) and eastern part of WNP (EWNP). All three regions have a statistically significant power spectrum peak in the 10–20‐day period, associated with 20–30‐ and 50–70‐day signals in SCS and 20–30‐day signal in WWNP. The ISV of GPI in the SCS is the most intense among these three regions, whereas the weakest one is in the EWNP. On average, ISVs of GPI (including 10–20‐day, 20–30‐day and 30–70‐day components) account for about 28% of the total variance of GPI. About 83% of TCs form when at least one ISV component is in its wet phase. We further examine the spatial patterns of GPI intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis performed on the 10–90‐day filtered GPI data. There are 61% of TC formations in the first three spatial modes during the typical phases with anomalous PC. The ISV of GPI can indicate the TC sub‐seasonal genesis on both frequency and location. Regression analysis on different time‐scales, which is based on either the three sub‐regions or statistical spatial modes, is able to conclude that oscillations of GPI are associated with ISO signals from different regions: 10–20‐day from WNP; 30–70‐day from Indian Ocean; 20–30‐day from both WNP and Indian Ocean. In the boreal summer, the northward propagation of ISO accompanied with anomalous convection and circulation influences GPI ISO in the WNP, which can be a good indicator for TCs genesis. Such relationship can be applied to develop extended‐range forecasting of tropical cyclogenesis.
Barbed palatoplasty vs. expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty with anterior palatoplasty
Authors: Babademez Mehmet Ali , Gul Fatih , Teleke Yagmur Canan 
Published: June 2019

Objective/HypothesisTo compare the functional outcomes and complication rates in patients who underwent expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty with anterior palatoplasty (ESPwAP) versus barbed pharyngoplasty (BP).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA medical database was used to retrieve the records of 129 patients who had an isolated palatoplasty surgery between January 2014 and July 2018. Patients who had mild or moderate obstructive sleep apnea without a history of revision surgery and underwent ESPwAP or BP in addition to traditional tonsillectomy were included in the study. Pre‐ and postoperative polysomnography and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was evaluated in the patients who completed at least a 6‐month follow‐up period.ResultsForty‐five and 53 patients met the inclusion, and were comprised of BP and ESPwAP groups, respectively. ESPwAP and BP significantly improved mean apnea hypopnea index (AHI) from 28.5 to 9.1 (P = .000) and 25.9 to 7.4 (P = .000), respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between the mean AHI scores of two groups. Selecting a threshold of a 50% reduction in AHI and AHI less than 20 events/h, success rates were 86.6% in BP group and 84.9% in ESPwAP group.ConclusionsOur study showed that both types of surgeries are effective with comparable results. The BP technique may be preferred when possible to avoid soft tissue excision and seems to be a less invasive procedure with a similar success rate when compared to ESPwAP.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E275–E279, 2020
Introducing “The Integrator”: A novel technique to monitor environmental flow systems
Authors: González‐Pinzón Ricardo , Dorley Jancoba , Regier Peter , Fluke James , Bicknell Kelsey , Nichols Justin , Khandelwal Aashish , Wolf Emily , Caruana Sarah N. , Van Horn David J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe introduce “The Integrator,” a novel technique to quantify transport and reaction metrics commonly used to characterize flow systems. This development consists of two products: (1) The Integrator sampling device and (2) its supporting mathematical framework, which is compatible with semi‐continuous sensor data. The use of The Integrator device simplifies the logistics of sample collection and greatly reduces the number of samples needed, making it ideal to characterize systems that are: (1) difficult to access, (2) large and thus intractable or highly heterogeneous, and (3) highly instrumented otherwise but where a more holistic, mechanistic understanding may be gained by monitoring one or more currently untracked elements. We tested and validated The Integrator technique using experimental data collected from a heart rate monitor (high‐quality, high‐frequency data in response to known excitation events) and solute tracer experiments conducted in two contrasting (fourth and seventh order) rivers. In the Supporting Information, we provide details concerning the design of The Integrator device used in our field case studies and provide insight into potential improvements. Despite our case studies focus on the analysis of conservative and reactive transport of solutes in rivers, the principles behind The Integrator technique can be used to monitor water quality in hyporheic zones, aquifers, wetlands, swamps, karsts, oceans, wastewater treatment plants, pipe networks, and air quality. Furthermore, special arrangements of Integrator devices can be used to gather data at spatial and temporal resolutions that are currently unattainable due to high transportation and/or personnel costs.
Alkyne–Azide Click Polymerization Catalyzed by Magnetically Recyclable Fe3O4/SiO2/Cu2O Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yizhao , Cheng Tianyu , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Cu(I)‐catalyzed click polymerization fully meets the trend of developing powerful and economic tools for facile synthesis of functional polymers. However, the use of Cu(I) catalyst generally results in polymers with high copper residuals, which complicate the polymer purification and limit their applications. Moreover, these catalysts can only be used one time. Inspired by the report that Fe3O4‐based nanoparticles can be used as magnetically recyclable catalysts, these magnetic nanoparticles are used to produce Fe3O4/SiO2/Cu2O catalysts. These magnetic nanoparticles can efficiently catalyze the azide–alkyne click polymerization under mild reaction conditions, producing 1,4‐regioregular polytriazoles with high molecular weights in excellent yields. The copper residuals in the polymer products are much lower than those catalyzed by the conventional Cu(I) catalysts. Moreover, the Fe3O4/SiO2/Cu2O can be recycled and reused for at least 12 times. Introducing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active tetraphenylethylene unit into the polymer main‐chains endows the resultant polymer with AIE feature, too. Thus, this work not only simplifies the polymer purification procedures, but also provides a general strategy to reduce the copper residues in the polymers.
Fractional Crank–Nicolson–Galerkin finite element scheme for the time‐fractional nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Chaudhary Sudhakar , Srinivas Kumar V.V.K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents a finite element scheme with Newton's method for solving the time‐fractional nonlinear diffusion equation. For time discretization, we use the fractional Crank–Nicolson scheme based on backward Euler convolution quadrature. We discuss the existence‐uniqueness results for the fully discrete problem. A new discrete fractional Gronwall type inequality for the backward Euler convolution quadrature is established. A priori error estimate for the fully discrete problem in L2(Ω) norm is derived. Numerical results based on finite element scheme are provided to validate theoretical estimates on time‐fractional nonlinear Fisher equation and Huxley equation.
Study on Interaction Mechanism between the Shaped Charge Jet and Thick Moving Target
Authors: Jia Xin , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Xu Meng‐Wen , Xiao Qiang‐Qiang , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Xiao‐Chen , Yin De‐Shuai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe traditional anti‐aircraft and anti‐missile warhead mainly hit the target by fragments or MEFPs. However, these killing elements are only effective for thin‐shell ammunition (10–30 mm), but not for thick‐shell ammunition (>100 mm). This paper proposes an attacking method towards thick moving target by shaped charge jet. Through the analysis of the whole penetrating process between the shaped charge jet and the thick moving target, the paper divides the process into two stages: undisturbed jet penetration and disturbed jet penetration. Based on virtual origin theory, this paper carried out detailed theoretical analysis for each stage and established theory algorithms of changes of cavity when shaped charge jet penetrates the thick moving target, penetration depth of undistributed jet, the lateral velocity of jet and penetration depth contributed by distributed jet. Since the current experimental method cannot accurately analyze the dynamic penetration process of each jet element, in order to verify the theoretical model, a diameter of 66 mm shaped charge was designed, and through the LS‐DYNA software, the jet penetrates steel target with the transverse velocity of 0∼600 m/s was calculated. The study also carried out detailed analysis of the jet tip and tail velocity, the shape of the penetration hole, the lateral velocity of the disturbed jet and the total depth of penetration. At the same time, we combine with the experimental data of E. Marmor et al.[22], to compare with the theoretical results. The calculations are in good agreement with the E. Marmor's experimental datas. The results indicate that shaped charge warhead is an effective method to tackle high speed thick moving target. The theoretical model established in this paper can effectively guide the structural design of the warhead.
Preparation of Ga‐ZnO Nanoparticles Using Microwave and Ultrasonic Irradiation, and the Application of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) Hybrid Thermoelectric Films
Authors: Hata Shinichi , Taguchi Kazuki , Oshima Keisuke , Du Yukou , Shiraishi Yukihide , Toshima Naoki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe addition of inorganic materials with high thermoelectric properties is a popular approach to modulate the performance of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT‐PSS), but, the representative hybridization of PEDOT‐PSS and toxic Te or Bi is not practical considering safety. Here, we report a PEDOT‐PSS film including Ga‐ZnO (GZO) nanoparticles, which has higher reproducibility and thermoelectric properties. Interestingly, the PEDOT‐PSS film containing GZO nanoparticle of 1 atom% Ga exhibited a higher in‐plane thermoelectric power factor (38.4 μW m−1 K−2) than the pure PEDOT‐PSS (27.4 μW m−1 K−2), which is one of the highest values when compared to previous metallic oxide/PEDOT‐PSS or PEDOT system. The present results suggest a simple approach for electrical conductivity improvement of PEDOT‐PSS film: the Zn and Ga components are an efficient carrier promoter for improving the crystal growth and conformation of PEDOT.
The Gender of Innovation: The Ascendancy of Assessment and Technologies in Educational Development
Authors: Niemi Nancy S. , Schwarz Sarah L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter considers the relationship between pedagogical support offered by centers for teaching and learning (CTLs) and newer services such as assessment and educational technologies through the lens of gender, arguing that changes to the structure, mission, and staffing of CTLs may have unintended consequences if these unexamined, gendered patterns continue.
Placento-Cranial Adhesion: A New Syndromic Association
Authors: Chander Bal , Dwivedi Daisy , Thakur Sita , Yadav Suman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCases of placento-cranial adhesion are rare and most of them are incompatible with life. A few case reports in the literature have included such cases under the overarching rubric of amniotic band syndrome. We present autopsy findings of four cases with gestation period ranging from 16 to 21 weeks. All of them displayed placenta-cranial adhesion, low weight for gestation, absence of flat bones of skull, anencephaly, dysmorphic facial features, short umbilical cord and limb/digit amputation with oligohydrambios. Three out of four showed nasal groove. We propose that there are grounds for syndromic association of the features mentioned above. Furthermore, it is important that whenever such cases are identified termination of pregnancy should be considered. The article also underscores the importance of fetal autopsies.
A Sensitivity Analysis of the Application of Integrated Species Distribution Models to Mobile Species: A Case Study with the Endangered Baird’s Tapir
Authors: Schank Cody J , Cove Michael V , Kelly Marcella J , Nielsen Clayton K , O’Farrill Georgina , Meyer Ninon , Jordan Christopher A , González-Maya Jose F , Lizcano Diego J , Moreno Ricardo , Dobbins Michael , Montalvo Victor , Cruz Díaz Juan Carlos , Pozo Montuy Gilberto , de la Torre J Antonio , Brenes-Mora Esteban , Wood Margot A , Gilbert Jessica , Jetz Walter , Miller Jennifer A 
Published: June 2019

SummarySpecies distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools used to develop continuous predictions of species occurrence. ‘Integrated SDMs’ (ISDMs) are an elaboration of this approach with potential advantages that allow for the dual use of opportunistically collected presence-only data and site-occupancy data from planned surveys. These models also account for survey bias and imperfect detection through the use of a hierarchical modelling framework that separately estimates the species–environment response and detection process. This is particularly helpful for conservation applications and predictions for rare species, where data are often limited and prediction errors may have significant management consequences. Despite this potential importance, ISDMs remain largely untested under a variety of scenarios. We performed an exploration of key modelling decisions and assumptions on an ISDM using the endangered Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) as a test species. We found that site area had the strongest effect on the magnitude of population estimates and underlying intensity surface and was driven by estimates of model intercepts. Selecting a site area that accounted for the individual movements of the species within an average home range led to population estimates that coincided with expert estimates. ISDMs that do not account for the individual movements of species will likely lead to less accurate estimates of species intensity (number of individuals per unit area) and thus overall population estimates. This bias could be severe and highly detrimental to conservation actions if uninformed ISDMs are used to estimate global populations of threatened and data-deficient species, particularly those that lack natural history and movement information. However, the ISDM was consistently the most accurate model compared to other approaches, which demonstrates the importance of this new modelling framework and the ability to combine opportunistic data with systematic survey data. Thus, we recommend researchers use ISDMs with conservative movement information when estimating population sizes of rare and data-deficient species. ISDMs could be improved by using a similar parameterization to spatial capture–recapture models that explicitly incorporate animal movement as a model parameter, which would further remove the need for spatial subsampling prior to implementation.
The long non-coding RNA SNHG1 promotes glioma progression by competitively binding to miR-194 to regulate PHLDA1 expression
Authors: Liu Liang , Shi Yan , Shi Jia , Wang Haiyang , Sheng Yujing , Jiang Qianqian , Chen Hua , Li Xiaojian , Dong Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in tumourigenesis, including that of glioma. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is a relatively novel lncRNA that is involved in the development of multiple human tumours. However, its underlying molecular mechanism in glioma has not been completely clarified. In this study, we show that SNHG1 is overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. A series of functional assays suggested that SNHG1 promotes glioma progression in vitro and in vivo. Next, through online databases, a luciferase reporter assay and an RNA pull-down assay, we confirmed that SNHG1 functions as a sponge for miR-194, which acts as a suppressor in glioma. We also verified that pleckstrin homology like domain family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) is the functional target of miR-194. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that SNHG1 regulates PHLDA1 expression in a miR-194-dependent manner. Taken together, our study shows that SNHG1 promotes glioma progression by competitively binding to miR-194 to regulate PHLDA1 expression, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma.
Activation of PTEN by inhibition of TRPV4 suppresses colon cancer development
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Peng , Xie Chuanming , Sham Kathy W. Y. , Ng Simon S. M. , Chen Yangchao , Cheng Christopher H. K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is known to be an osmosensor and thermosensor. Currently, limited evidence shows that TRPV4 plays opposite roles in either promoting or inhibiting cancer development in different cancer types. Furthermore, the precise biological functions and the underlying mechanisms of TRPV4 in carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that TRPV4 is upregulated in colon cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Contrary to the reported cell death-promoting activity of TRPV4 in certain cancer cells, TRPV4 positively regulates cell survival in human colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of TRPV4 affects the cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase through modulating the protein expression of D-type cyclins. Apoptosis and autophagy induced by TRPV4 silencing attenuate cell survival and potentiate the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutics against colon cancer cells. In addition, PTEN is activated by inhibition of TRPV4 as indicated by the dephosphorylation and increased nuclear localization. Knockdown of PTEN significantly abrogates TRPV4 silencing induced growth inhibition and recovers the capability of clonogenicity, as well as reduced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Thus, PTEN regulates the antigrowth effects induced by TRPV4 inhibition through both phosphatase-dependent and independent mechanisms. In conclusion, inhibition of TRPV4 suppresses colon cancer development via activation of PTEN pathway. This finding suggests that downregulation of TPRV4 expression or activity would conceivably constitute a novel approach for the treatment of human colon cancer.