bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Multiple CME Interaction Event on 6–9 September 2017 with WSA‐ENLIL+Cone
Authors: Werner A. L. E. , Yordanova E. , Dimmock A. P. , Temmer M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) erupted from the same active region between 4–6 September 2017. Later, on 6–9 September, two interplanetary (IP) shocks reached L1, creating a complex and geoeffective plasma structure. To understand the processes leading up to the formation of the two shocks, we model the CMEs with the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge (WSA)‐ENLIL+Cone model. The first two CMEs merged already in the solar corona driving the first IP shock. In IP space, another fast CME presumably interacted with the flank of the preceding CMEs and caused the second shock detected in situ. By introducing a customized density enhancement factor (dcld) in the WSA‐ENLIL+Cone model based on coronagraph image observations, the predicted arrival time of the first IP shock was drastically improved. When the dcld factor was tested on a well‐defined single CME event from 12 July 2012 the shock arrival time saw similar improvement. These results suggest that the proposed approach may be an alternative to improve the forecast for fast and simple CMEs. Further, the slowly decelerating kilometric type II radio burst confirms that the properties of the background solar wind have been preconditioned by the passage of the first IP shock. This likely caused the last CME to experience insignificant deceleration and led to the early arrival of the second IP shock. This result emphasizes the need to take preconditioning of the IP medium into account when making forecasts of CMEs erupting in quick succession.
Deciphering the degradation mechanism of the lead-free all inorganic perovskite Cs2SnI6
Authors: Zhu Weiguang , Xin Guoqing , Scott Spencer M. , Xu Wenqian , Yao Tiankai , Gong Bowen , Wang Yachun , Li Mingxin , Lian Jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic-inorganic perovskite materials are revolutionizing photovoltaics with high power conversion efficiencies, but experience significant environmental degradation and instability. In this work, the phase stability and decomposition mechanisms of lead-free all inorganic Cs2SnI6 perovskite upon water and moisture exposure were systematically investigated via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, environmental SEM, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. A critical relative humidity (80%) is identified below which Cs2SnI6 perovskite is stable without decomposition. Under higher humidity or aqueous environment, Cs2SnI6 perovskite decomposes into SnI4 and CsI through etch pits formation and stepwave propagation, leading to rapid crystal dissolution. A partial reversibility of the Cs2SnI6 perovskite upon dissolution and re-precipitation with subsequent dehydration was identified, suggesting a self-healing capability of Cs2SnI6 and thus enhanced air stability. Mechanistic understanding of the Cs2SnI6 degradation behavior can be a vital step towards developing new perovskites with enhanced environmental stability and materials performance.
Genomic landscape of a metastatic malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumor and its response to PI3K inhibition
Authors: Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Sewell Andrew , Almodovar Karinna , Wang Qingguo , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Abramson Richard G. , Kapp Meghan E. , Brown Brandee T. , Boyd Kelli L. , Gilbert Jill , Cohen Daniel N. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zhao Zhongming , Lovly Christine M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProliferating tricholemmal tumors (PTTs) are rare benign neoplasms that arise from the outer sheath of a hair follicle. Occasionally, these PTTs undergo malignant transformation to become malignant proliferating tricholemmal tumors (MPTTs). Little is known about the molecular alterations, malignant progression, and management of MPTTs. Here, we describe the case of a 58-year-old female that had a widely metastatic MPTT that harbored an activatingPIK3CAmutation and was sensitive to the PI3K inhibitor, alpelisib (BYL719). We review the available literature on metastatic MPTT, detail the patient’s course, and present a whole genome analysis of this rare tumor.
Nematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic interactions in the coexistence of soil animals
Authors: Caruso Tancredi , Hogg Ian D. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Bottos Eric M. , Lee Charles K. , Hopkins David W. , Cary S. Craig , Barrett John E. , Green T. G. Allan , Storey Bryan C. , Wall Diana H. , Adams Byron J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbiotic factors are major determinants of soil animal distributions and their dominant role is pronounced in extreme ecosystems, with biotic interactions seemingly playing a minor role. We modelled co-occurrence and distribution of the three nematode species that dominate the soil food web of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica). Abiotic factors, other biotic groups, and autocorrelation all contributed to structuring nematode species distributions. However, after removing their effects, we found that the presence of the most abundant nematode species greatly, and negatively, affected the probability of detecting one of the other two species. We observed similar patterns in relative abundances for two out of three pairs of species. Harsh abiotic conditions alone are insufficient to explain contemporary nematode distributions whereas the role of negative biotic interactions has been largely underestimated in soil. The future challenge is to understand how the effects of global change on biotic interactions will alter species coexistence.
Long‐term statistics of corona loss of HVDC transmission line
Authors: Yu Zhanqing , Wang Xiaorui , Zeng Rong , Liu Lei , Li Min 
Published: February 2019

Corona loss is one of the electromagnetic environment parameters of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. So far many countries have carried out researches and measurements on it. In 2008, UHVDC test lines were established in the National Engineering Laboratory for UHV Technology (Kunming) at the altitude about 2100 m. The results in this study are based on the measurement data at the Kunming Experimental Base. The study mainly introduces the influence of the minimum conductor‐to‐ground height, bundle distance and pole spacing on the corona loss.
Particularities and Clinical Applicability of Saccharin Transit Time Test
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda , Freire Ana Paula , Uzeloto Juliana , Xavier Rafaella , Ito Juliana , Rocha Marceli , Calciolari Renata , Ramos Dionei , Ramos Ercy 
Published: February 2019

Introduction The importance of mucociliary clearance (MCC) for the respiratory system homeostasis is clear. Therefore, evaluating this defense mechanism is fundamental in scientific research and in the clinical practice of pulmonology and of associated areas. However, MCC evaluation has not been so usual due to the complexity of methods that use radiolabeled particles. Nevertheless, as an interesting alternative, there is the saccharin transit time (STT) test. This method is reproducible, simple to perform, noninvasive, does not demand high costs, and has been widely used in studies of nasal MCC. Although the STT test is widely used, there is still lack of a detailed description of its realization.
Objective The present literature review aims to provide basic information related to the STT test and to present the findings of the previous studies that used this method, discussing variations in its execution, possible influences on the obtained results and limitations of the method, as well as to relate our experience with the use of STT in researches.
Data Synthesis There are several factors that can alter the results obtained from STT tests, which would raise difficulties with proper interpretation and with the discussion of the results among different studies.
Conclusions Saccharin transit time is a widely used method for the evaluation of nasal MCC, and therefore, the standardization related to the previous and concurrent to test orientations, and also its execution, become essential to improve its accuracy, and allow comparisons among different studies.
Effectiveness of Protocolized Sedation Utilizing the COMFORT-B Scale in Mechanically Ventilated Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Saelim Kantara , Chavananon Shevachut , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Prasertsan Pharsai , Anuntaseree Wanaporn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAppropriate sedation in mechanically ventilated patients is important to facilitate adequate respiratory support and maintain patient safety. However, the optimal sedation protocol for children is unclear. This study assessed the effectiveness of a sedation protocol utilizing the COMFORT-B sedation scale in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in children. This was a nonrandomized prospective cohort study compared with a historical control. The prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2015 and August 2016 and included 58 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). All patients received protocolized sedation utilizing the COMFORT-B scale, which was assessed every 12 hours after intubation by a single assessor. The prospective data were compared with retrospective data of 58 mechanically ventilated patients who received sedation by usual care from November 2014 to August 2015. Fifty percent of 116 patients were male and the mean age was 22 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.6–68.4). Patients in the intervention group showed no difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation (median 4.5 [IQR: 2.2–10.5] vs. 5 [IQR: 3–8.8] days). Also, there were no significant differences in the PICU length of stay (LOS; median 7 vs. 7 days, p = 0.59) and hospital LOS (median 18 vs. 14 days, p = 0.14) between the intervention and control groups. The percentages of sedative drugs, including fentanyl, morphine, and midazolam, in each group were not statistically different. The COMFORT-B scale with protocolized sedation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients in the PICU did not reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation compared with usual care.
Kaffee, Kippe, Kaugummi – Mythen und Fakten zur präoperativen Nüchternheit
Authors: Schieren Mark , Wappler Frank 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungZur Reduktion des Aspirationsrisikos gelten strikte Vorgaben für präoperative Nüchternzeiten. Für klare Flüssigkeiten (2 Stunden) und feste Nahrung (6 Stunden) sind diese eindeutig definiert; der Einfluss von Kaffee, Rauchen und Kaugummi wird dagegen kontrovers diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Mythen zur präoperativen Nüchternheit bestehen und durch welche Fakten sich das Risiko verlässlich einordnen lässt.
A comparative analysis of the keyword multicultural(ism) in French, British, German and Italian migration discourse
Authors: Schröter Melani , Veniard Marie , Taylor Charlotte , Blätte Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks into discourses about migration in four European countries through the lens of cultural keywords (cf. Williams 1983; Bennett et al. 2005; Wierzbicka 1997); using Corpus Assisted Discourse Analysis, it compares the use of the keywords multicultural and multiculturalism. The study is based on corpora from British, French, German and Italian newspaper articles covering the time span 1998–2012, collated from one conservative and one left-liberal national newspaper in each language.
Across the languages, the results show that the adjective multicultural is mostly descriptive of a state of affairs, typically without negative evaluation, and that the noun multiculturalism is associated with abstract concepts and points to a more negative discourse prosody, indicated by collocates such as ‘failure’.
Featuring immigrants and citizens
Authors: Sánchez Purificación , Aguado-Jimenez Pilar , Pérez-Paredes Pascual 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study highlights the different approaches to the construction of immigrants and citizens that United Kingdom and Spain seem to have favoured in the period 2007–2011. A corpus of legislation (EN-1, SP-1) and another of information texts (EN-3, SP-3) produced by the administrations of both countries were compiled during the period 2007–2011 and the terms “immigrant”, “inmigrante”, “citizen” and “ciudadano” were profiled through collocation analysis. Regarding “immigrant” and “inmigrante”, our results show that while the British administration is interested in control procedures for immigrants, the Spanish one advocates their integration. As for “citizen” and “ciudadano” the first term is related to regulation of entry, registration and naturalization, whereas “ciudadano” appears mainly associated to the EU, residence and access to public services.
Aspects of threat construction in the Polish anti-immigration discourse
Authors: Cap Piotr 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Proximization Theory (PT) (Cap 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017; among others) is a cognitive-critical model that accounts for the ways in which the discursive construction of closeness and remoteness can be manipulated in the political sphere and bound up with fear, security and conflict. This article applies PT in the domain of state political discourse in today's Poland, outlining strategies whereby anti-immigration stance and policies are legitimized by discursively constructed fear appeals and other coercion patterns. It demonstrates how the ‘emerging’, ‘growing’, ‘gathering’ threats – physical as well as ideological – are construed by the Polish right-wing government, who thus claim their right to oppose EU immigration agreements and pursue strict anti-immigration measures.
Representations of the 2015/2016 “migrant crisis” on the online portals of Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters
Authors: Šarić Ljiljana , Felberg Tatjana Radanović 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the verbal and visual representation of migration and migrants in Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters’ online portals during the “migrant crisis” in 2015/2016. The study shows that migrants are generally positively represented, which is congruent with the official policies of Croatia and Serbia. This positive representation was frequently used for positive self-evaluation of these countries’ influential social actors, and negative evaluation of neighboring countries. The chapter employs macro- and micro-linguistic analysis within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and multimodal analysis.
Representation of unaccompanied migrant children from Central America in the United States
Authors: Catalano Theresa , Mitchell-McCollough Jessica 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the representation of unaccompanied minors fleeing Central America (namely Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) in U.S. online national news sources over a one-year period and compares this to the way these children talk about their own perceptions of migration and their motivation for moving. Data collection consisted of online news reports on unaccompanied minors from Central America in the United States as well as interviews with children collected from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations. Multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals a qualitative difference in discourse (e.g., use of metaphor, metonymy, deixis and visual elements) that varies depending on whether the sources are media reports or personal accounts from the children themselves.
Displaced Ukrainians
Authors: A'Beckett Ludmilla 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper compares several discourse representations of migrants in the British media with the data on Ukrainian displaced people from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine. The comparison shows that mainstream media in Russia and Ukraine attempt to depict displaced Ukrainians sympathetically, to win the hearts and minds of the people from the disputed conflict zone and to evoke approval from the international community. Participants in online debates in both countries actively use different techniques of negativisation of the images of migrants. They often either rely on a novel vocabulary for abuses or adapt old disparaging expressions activating cultural prejudices. The paper concludes that Russian and Ukrainian sets of abuse developed during the confrontation reinforce the specifics of the national vision of the conflict development.
Preaching from a distant pulpit
Authors: Boyd Michael S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
On 18 September 2015, in the midst of the greatest movement of refugees and migrants that Europe has seen since the Second World War, The New York Times published an editorial entitled “Europe should see refugees as a Boon, not as a Burden.” Not surprisingly, the article received well over 450 comments from readers reflecting the myriad of opinions about the complex issue of (European) migration and refugees. This paper is interested in the discourses about (European) migration that emerge from both the editorial and reader comments. Partially inspired by Text World Theory (Werth 1995), the study attempts to determine readers’ varying opinions about the issue and how this reflects and/or diverges from the view(s) presented by the editorial.
Discourses of immigration and integration in German newspaper comments
Authors: Fuller Janet M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter employs a critical, constructivist theoretical perspective to address how online commenters on articles in the liberal newspaper Die Zeit characterize immigrants, integration, and German identity. While the formerly dominant ethnonational ideology about German identity is now in the minority, there is nonetheless a strong tendency to categorize and characterize immigrant background residents according to ethnonational and religious criteria. A hierarchy of immigrants has emerged, with a discourse that positions Muslims in general, and Turks in particular, as the unintegrated Other. Because Germanness is defined in opposition to Muslim practices, integration for such residents is impossible. However, the presence of competing discourses is significant; through voices that point out discrimination and view integration as a two-way process, social change may be enacted.
“They have lived in our street for six years now and still don’t speak a work [!] of English”
Authors: Musolff Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Whilst sociolinguistic superdiversity is often viewed as an almost irreversible global development, there may be a question mark over whether the ‘mix of cultures’, which mass migration allegedly fosters, does in fact lead to an acceptance of multilingualism and/or multiculturalism in the respective societies. On the basis of public discourse data from press media and Internet forums, this paper explores popular attitudes the effects of mass immigration, which appear to express an endorsement of monolingual/monocultural societies. Using methods of argumentation theory, pragmatics and discourse-historical triangulation, the article argues that findings of a global rise in superdiversity as regards usage data need to be complemented by studies of divergent perception patterns at local/national levels.
Predicative possession in revived Cornish
Authors: Arbes Deborah 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study introduces the possessive schemas of revived Cornish. By means of a survey and interviews with 25 fluent speakers and a corpus study I identified several possessive schemas being employed for different purposes due to semantic and structural reasons. Possession splits, which are also attested for the other Brythonic languages (Stolz et al. 2008), occur for the distinction of temporary possession and the possession of illnesses. Furthermore, the speakers may be developing a new form to express the possession of abstract nouns by employing the short form of bos ‘to be’ and the preposition dhe ‘to’. For the development of this form the history of interrupted language transmission and the use of Cornish by New Speakers are relevant factors.
A diachronic perspective on alienability splits in Icelandic attributive possession
Authors: Schuster Susanne 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Icelandic makes use of different morphosyntactic patterns for different kinds of possessive relations both in predicative and attributive possession. The fact that this differentiation is at least partly motivated by the semantics of the possessum suggests an alienability split in the Icelandic possession system (Stolz 2008). There are various approaches to explain the formal distinctions in the system, one of them depending on grammaticalization processes. Following this approach, a diachronic perspective needs to be taken in order to understand how splits arise. Accordingly, this paper presents the results of a corpus-linguistic and frequency-based analysis of the attributive pronominal possessive system of Icelandic. The most significant finding to emerge is that splits in the possessive system do not only manifest in a different synchronic behaviour but also in different degrees of susceptibility to language-internal and/or contact-induced changes.
Bilateral comparison of luminous flux (EURAMET.PR-K4.3)
Authors: Pons Alicia , Campos Joaquĺn , Sametoglu Ferhat 
Published: February 2019

This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of luminous flux between the Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC (Spain) and the Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü, TUBITAK UME (Turkey). This bilateral comparison is intended to link the TUBITAK UME realized lumen to the CCPR K4 reference value. The measurement artefacts were specially developed transfer standard lamps for luminous flux of the Polaron LF200W type.
The comparison and its protocol were approved by the CCPR and registered with KCDB with the comparison number: EURAMET.PR-K4.3.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Luminous flux, PR K4, Bilateral Comparison

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Antibody conjugation and formulation
Authors: Alves Nathan J 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.