bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the sum of positive neuroendocrine immunohistochemical stains useful for diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) on biopsy specimens?
Authors: Derks Jules L , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C , van Suylen Robert‐Jan , den Bakker Michael A , Damhuis Ronald A M , van den Broek Esther C , Speel Ernst‐Jan , Thunnissen Erik 
Published: November 2018

AimsPulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is underdiagnosed on biopsy specimens. We evaluated if routine neuroendocrine immunohistochemical (IHC) stains are helpful in the diagnosis of LCNEC on biopsy specimens.Methods and resultsUsing the Dutch pathology registry (PALGA), surgically resected LCNEC with matching pre‐operative biopsy specimens were identified and haematoxylin and IHC slides (CD56, chromogranin‐A, synaptophysin) requested. Subsequently, three pathologists assigned (1) the presence or absence of the WHO 2015 criteria and (2) cumulative size of all (biopsy) specimens. For validation, a tissue microarray (TMA) of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 77) and LCNEC (n = 19) was used. LCNEC was confirmed on the resection specimens in 32 of 48 re‐reviewed cases. In 47% (n = 15 of 32) LCNEC was also confirmed in the paired biopsy specimens. Neuroendocrine morphology was absent in 53% (n = 17 of 32) of paired biopsy specimens, more often when smaller amounts of tissue were available for evaluation [29% < 5 mm (n = 14) versus 67% ≥5 mm (n = 18) P = 0.04]. Combined with current WHO criteria, positive staining for greater than or equal to two of three neuroendocrine IHC markers increased the sensitivity for LCNEC from 47% to 93% on paired biopsy specimens, and further validated using an independent TMA of LCNEC and NSCLC with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 99%, respectively.ConclusionsLCNEC is difficult to diagnose because neuroendocrine morphology is frequently absent in biopsy specimens. In NSCLC devoid of obvious morphological squamous or adenocarcinoma features, positive staining in greater than or equal to two of three neuroendocrine IHC stains supports the diagnosis of LCNEC.
Attitudes toward Christian church retailing: A study in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Bundwini Nqobile , Lappeman James 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe temporal and eternal often cross paths in economic and financial transactions, with the blending of religion and commerce producing divergent views. Nevertheless, churches increasingly use commercial methods such as marketing and retailing for, inter alia, fundraising, connecting with congregations and keeping abreast of social, technological and economic changes. As with most businesses, churches may investigate their target consumers in order to align their efforts to meet the needs of consumers. The peculiar nature of religious consumption has both short‐term, product‐based needs and long‐term spiritual influences. This study investigated the attitudes of church members toward church retailing and various types of church retail products. A series of 26 in‐depth interviews were conducted for this study, resulting in antithetical attitudes toward the broad concept of church retailing, and with more distinct positive and negative attitudes toward particular product types. Generally, attitudes were more positive toward products perceived to be more authentic with regard to the religious mission of the church, and more negative toward products perceived as straying from it. Furthermore, attitudes in relation to church retailing were influenced by who the ultimate beneficiaries would be.
One method to establish Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated NK/T cell lymphoma mouse models
Authors: Xue Weili , Li Weiming , Shang Yufeng , Zhang Yanjie , Lan Xuan , Wang Guannan , Li Zhaoming , Zhang Xudong , Song Yue , Wu Baopeng , Dong Meng , Wang Xinhua , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNovel nude mice model of human NK/T cell lymphoma were established by subcutaneously injecting two NK/T cell lymphoma cell lines into the right axillary region of mice and successful passages were completed by injecting cell suspension which was obtained through a 70‐μm cell strainer. These mice models and corresponding cell clones have been successfully developed for more than 8 generations. The survival rates of both resuscitation and transplantation in NKYS and YT models were 90% and 70% correspondingly. Pathologically, the tumour cells in all passages of the lymphoma‐bearing mice and cell lines obtained from tumours were parallel to initial cell lines. Immunologically, the tumour cells expressed the characteristics of the primary and essential NK/T lymphomas. The novel mice models maintained the essential features of human NK/T cell lymphoma, and they would be ideal tools in vivo for further research of human NK/T cell lymphoma.
Behavioural mechanisms of sexual isolation involving multiple modalities and their inheritance
Authors: Moran Peter A. , Hunt John , Mitchell Christopher , Ritchie Michael G. , Bailey Nathan W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpeciation research dissects the genetics and evolution of reproductive barriers between parental species. Hybrids are the “gatekeepers” of gene flow, so it is also important to understand the behavioural mechanisms and genetics of any potential isolation from their parental species. We tested the role of multiple behavioural barriers in reproductive isolation among closely related field crickets and their hybrids (Teleogryllus oceanicus and Teleogryllus commodus). These species hybridize in the laboratory, but the behaviour of hybrids is unusual and there is little evidence for gene flow in the wild. We found that heterospecific pairs exhibited reduced rates of courtship behaviour due to discrimination by both sexes, and that this behavioural isolation was symmetrical. However, hybrids were not sexually selected against and exhibited high rates of courtship behaviour even though hybrid females are sterile. Using reciprocal hybrid crosses, we characterized patterns of interspecific divergence and inheritance in key sexual traits that might underlie the mating patterns we found: calling song, courtship song and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Song traits exhibited both sex linkage and transgressive segregation, whereas CHCs exhibited only the latter. Calculations of the strength of isolation exerted by these sexual traits suggest that close‐range signals are as important as long‐distance signals in contributing to interspecific sexual isolation. The surprisingly weak mating barriers observed between hybrids and parental species highlight the need to examine reproductive isolating mechanisms and their genetic bases across different potential stages of introgressive hybridization.
Reduction of routine radiographs in the follow‐up of distal radius and ankle fractures: Barriers and facilitators perceived by orthopaedic trauma surgeons
Authors: van Gerven Pieter , van Bodegom‐Vos Leti , Weil Nikki L. , van den Berg Jasper , Rubinstein Sidney M. , Termaat Marco F. , Krijnen Pieta , van Tulder Maurits W. , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesStudies suggest that routine radiographs during follow‐up of distal radius and ankle fractures result in increased radiation exposure and health care costs, without influencing treatment strategies. Encouraging clinicians to omit these routine radiographs is challenging, and little is known about barriers and facilitators that influence this omission. Therefore, this study aims to identify barriers and facilitators among orthopaedic trauma surgeons that might prove valuable towards the design of a deimplementation strategy.MethodsA mixed‐method approach was used. First, interviews were conducted with orthopaedic trauma surgeons and patients (n = 16). Subsequently, a questionnaire was developed. This questionnaire was presented to 228 orthopaedic trauma surgeons in the Netherlands. Regression analyses were performed in order to identify which variables were independently associated to the decision to stop performing routine radiographs 6 and 12 weeks after trauma if proven not effective in a large randomized controlled trial.ResultsIn total, 130 (57%) respondents completed the questionnaire. Of these, 71% indicated they would stop ordering routine radiographs if they were proven not effective. Three facilitators were independent predictors for the intention to omit routine radiographs: This will “lead to lower health care costs” (Odds Ratio [OR]: 5.38 and 4.38), the need for “incorporation in the regional protocol” (OR: 3.66 and 2.66), and this will “result in time savings for the patient” (OR: 4.84).ConclusionsWe identified three facilitators that could provide backing for a deimplementation strategy aimed at a reduction of routine radiographs for patients with distal radius and ankle fractures.
National estimates of case‐mix, mortality, and economic outcomes among inpatient HIV/AIDS mono‐infection and hepatitis C co‐infection cases in the US
Authors: Pham Timothy , Rathbun R. Chris , Keast Shellie , Nesser Nancy , Farmer Kevin , Skrepnek Grant 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesTo assess inpatient clinical and economic outcomes for AIDS/HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) co‐infection in the United States from 2003 to 2014.MethodThis historical cohort study utilized nationally representative hospital discharge data to investigate inpatient mortality, length of stay (LoS), and inflation‐adjusted charges among adults (≥18 years). Outcomes were analysed via multivariable generalized linear models according to demographics, hospital and clinical characteristics, and AIDS/HIV or HCV sequelae.ResultsOverall, 17.8% of the 2.75 million estimated AIDS/HIV inpatient cases involved HCV from 2003 to 2014, averaging 48.5 ± 9.0 years of age and 68.0% being male. Advanced sequalae of AIDS and HCV incurred a LoS of 10.3 ± 11.9 days, charges of $88 789 ± 131 787, and a 16.9% mortality. Many cases involved noncompliance, tobacco use disorders, and substance abuse. Although mortality decreased over time, multivariable analyses indicated that poorer outcomes were generally associated with more advanced clinical conditions and AIDS‐associated sequalae, although mixed results were observed for specific manifestations of HCV. Rural residence was independently associated with a 3.26 times higher adjusted odds of mortality from 2009 to 2014 for HIV/HCV co‐infection (P < 0.001), although not for AIDS/HCV (OR = 1.38, P = 0.166).ConclusionGiven the systemic nature and modifiable risks inherent within coinfection, more proactive screening and intervention appear warranted, particularly within rural areas.
Hospitalisation of adults with Down syndrome: lesson from a 10‐year experience from a community hospital
Authors: Chenbhanich J. , Wu A. , Phupitakphol T. , Atsawarungruangkit A. , Treadwell T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLife expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has improved significantly over the past decades. However, there are sparse data documenting the co‐morbidities and hospitalisation of adult patients with DS in the literature. The aim of this study was to characterise the co‐morbidities and pattern of hospitalisation in adult patients with DS during a 10‐year period at the community hospital as well as to compare hospitalisation parameters with the general adult population during the same years.MethodWe reviewed the medical records of 81 hospitalisations from 37 patients with DS aged 21 to 68 years at Metrowest Medical Center during a 10‐year period and compared with those of the general adult population during the same time. Co‐morbidities were also described.ResultsAdults with DS had a mean age at admission of 48.6 ± 8.8 years with the median length of stay of 3 days (interquartile range 4 days). Male patients were hospitalised longer than female patients (mean 5.0 vs. 2.8 days; P < 0.05), and patients who lived at home were admitted at earlier ages than those who came from residential healthcare facility (mean 41.5 vs. 52.2 years; P < 0.001). The most common cause of hospitalisation was pneumonia/aspiration syndrome (29.6%), and the most common co‐morbidity was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)/dysphagia (70.3%). Presence of GERD/dysphagia or seizure disorder was significantly associated with multiple admission and readmission within 1 month (P < 0.05). The mortality rate was 4.9%, and the rate of intensive care unit admission was 8.6%.ConclusionsOur cohort did not show statistically significant different hospitalisation parameters such as inpatient mortality and average length of stay when compared with general adult population hospitalised at the same years. The care of adult patients with DS presents challenges in internal medicine due to its unique co‐morbid profile and signifies the importance of multidisciplinary approach. In order to improve the care of this patient population, their co‐morbidities, particularly GERD/dysphagia and seizure disorder, should be optimally managed and comprehensively addressed when patients are hospitalised.
Do SMEs Benefit from Unconventional Monetary Policy and How? Microevidence from the Eurozone
Authors: FERRANDO ANNALISA , POPOV ALEXANDER , UDELL GREGORY F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study the impact of the announcement of the European Central Bank's (ECB's) Outright Monetary Transactions Program on small firms’ access to finance using a matched firm‐bank data set from eight Eurozone countries. We find that following the announcement, credit access improved relatively more for firms borrowing from banks with high balance sheet exposures to impaired sovereign debt, with such firms less likely to be refused a loan or to be price rationed. Loan terms also improved as manifested by lengthening of loan maturities. Unconventional monetary policy has a positive impact on firms’ investment and profitability, while its effect on firm innovation is weaker.
Embodying compassion: A systematic review of the views of nurses and patients
Authors: Durkin Joanne , Usher Kim , Jackson Debra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo provide a review of empirical research investigating how compassion is expressed by nurses and received by patients in hospital settings.BackgroundCompassion is viewed as an important and fundamental part of a health professional practice. Universally, reports from both media and government agencies have addressed perceived deficits of compassion in healthcare with nurses accused of a lack of compassion. Research into compassion to date has largely focused on the problematic nature of compassion such as burnout, fatigue and other negative personal and work‐related outcomes.DesignA systematic literature review of empirical research guided by a meta‐ethnographic approach supported the systematic comparison and translation of the included studies. Six online databases were searched from January 2006–December 2016.MethodsThis review was carried out according to the PRISMA‐P reporting guidelines. How compassion in healthcare was defined was extracted alongside findings on how compassion was expressed by nurses and received by patients. Synthesis of the research was completed resulting in new interpretations.ResultsEleven papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Multiple differing definitions of compassion in healthcare were applied. Nurses embody and enact compassion through behaviours such as spending time with patients and communicating effectively with patients. Patients experience compassion through a sense of togetherness with nurses.ConclusionExisting research demonstrated dissonance between the expression of compassion by nurses and how compassion is experienced by patients. The themes identified in this review should be considered by health professionals providing patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth providers should acknowledge and account for the time that nurses need with patients to demonstrate compassion in practice. Nursing education relating to the expression of compassion should articulate both the subjectivity and ambiguity of the term and examine the relationship between compassion and suffering.
Use of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) coupled with multivariate statistical methods to detection and discrimination of adulterated fresh cheeses
Authors: Juárez‐Barrientos José M. , de Montserrat Tejeda‐Paz Marisol , de Jesús Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel , Aguirre‐Cruz Andrés , Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús , Martínez‐Sánchez Cecilia E. , Herman‐Lara Erasmo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe most recurrent adulteration of cheeses consists of adding vegetable fat of lower cost than milk fat. Several analytical techniques are used to detect adulteration of cheeses but do not offer sensory perception information. The objective of this study was to detect and discriminate fresh cheeses adulterated with known concentrations of vegetable fat using sensory analysis coupled with multivariate techniques. The panel generated eight attributes through Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The results showed that the power of discrimination was high (p < .05) in each panelist and panel level in all attributes evaluated. Principal Components Analysis explained the use of average value of the attributes, about 85% of the variability of the cheeses in two main components. Using dendrogram and confidence ellipses, the adulterated cheeses with a concentration of 15 g/L or higher of vegetable fat were identified. The discrimination of adulterated cheeses by this method was 92.5%.Practical applicationsThe findings demonstrated the high sensitivity of the sensory panel, which aligned well with analytical statistical techniques for the differentiation and detection of cheeses, which may be applied well to other adulterated food products. The proposed methodology could be implemented in companies, research centers, and associations of producers with economic restrictions that do not allow for sophisticated analytical equipment for the determination of adulterated food products.
Everything is awesome: Don't forget the Lego
Authors: Tagg Andrew , Roland Damian , Leo Grace SY , Knight Katie , Goldstein Henry , Davis Tessa ,   on behalf of Don't Forget The Bubbles
Published: November 2018

AimChildren frequently ingest coins (generally with minimal reported side effects); however, the ingestion of other items has been subject to less academic study. Parental concern regarding ingestion applies across a range of materials. In this study, we aimed to determine typical transit times for another commonly swallowed object: a Lego figurine head.MethodsSix paediatric health‐care professionals were recruited to swallow a Lego head. Previous gastrointestinal surgery, inability to ingest foreign objects and aversion to searching through faecal matter were all exclusion criteria. Pre‐ingestion bowel habit was standardised by the Stool Hardness and Transit (SHAT) score. Participants ingested a Lego head, and the time taken for the object to be found in the participants stool was recorded. The primary outcome was the Found and Retrieved Time (FART) score.ResultsThe FART score averaged 1.71 days. There was some evidence that females may be more accomplished at searching through their stools than males, but this could not be statistically validated.ConclusionsA toy object quickly passes through adult subjects with no complications. This will reassure parents, and the authors advocate that no parent should be expected to search through their child's faeces to prove object retrieval.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis C‐3102 on production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders
Authors: Liu Xu , Peng Canyang , Qu Xiangyong , Guo Songchang , Chen Ji Fa , He Changqing , Zhou Xuebin , Zhu Shiwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo investigate the supplemental effects of Bacillus subtilis C‐3102 on the production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders, a total of 480 Xuefeng black‐bone (25‐week‐old) hens were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: Hens fed the basal diets with 0 (CON), 3.0 × 105 (BS‐1), 6.0 × 105 cfu/g (BS‐2) and 9.0 × 105 (BS‐3) cfu/g of B. subtilis C‐3102. As the B. subtilis C‐3102 level increased, egg weight (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p = 0.003), fertility (linear, p = 0.021; quadratic, p = 0.059), hatchability (linear, p = 0.038; quadratic, p = 0.119) and yolk colour (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.021) increased in a linear or quadratic manner. Yolk index increased quadratically (linear, p = 0.054; quadratic, p = 0.017), and eggshell thickness (linear, p = 0.036; quadratic, p = 0.128), the activity of GSH‐Px (linear, p = 0.024; quadratic, p = 0.078), the concentration of IgM (linear, p = 0.016; quadratic, p = 0.056) and the level of AIV‐Ab (linear, p = 0.034; quadratic, p = 0.103) in the serum increased linearly as dietary supplementation of B. subtilis C‐3102 increased. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell‐breaking strength, egg‐shape index, yolk percentage, Haugh unit, T‐SOD, T‐AOC, MDA, IgA and IgG concentrations and the level of NDV‐Ab in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 9.0 × 105 cfu/g B. subtilis C‐3102 in laying breeders diets may be a feasible means of effectively increasing egg weight, fertility and hatchability, and improving egg quality such as eggshell thickness, yolk index and yolk colour. Besides, B. subtilis C‐3102 can enhance the activity of GSH‐Px, the concentration of IgM and the level of AIV‐Ab in the serum.
Total nutrient digestibility and small intestine starch digestion in Nellore and Angus young bulls fed a whole shelled corn diet
Authors: Carvalho José Rodolfo R. , Schoonmaker Jon P. , Chizzotti Mario L. , Teixeira Priscilla D. , Dias Julio Cesar O. , Gionbelli Tathyane R. S. , Rodrigues Aline C. , Costa Suely F. , Ladeira Marcio M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEighteen Nellore and 18 Angus young bulls with BW of 381 ± 12 kg were randomly assigned into two feeding groups (whole shelled corn [WSC] or ground corn with silage [GC]) to evaluate the interaction of breed and diet on total nutrient digestibility, pancreatic α‐amylase, and maltase activity and SLC5A1expression in the small intestine. Experimental diets (DM basis) included (a) a diet containing 30% corn silage and 70% GC and soya bean meal‐based concentrate and (b) a diet containing 85% WSC and 15% of a soya bean meal‐ and mineral‐based pelleted supplement. The treatments were Nellore fed GC diet; Nellore fed WSC diet; Angus fed GC diet; and Angus fed WSC diet. Total faecal collection for the digestibility trial occurred from day 48 until day 50 of the experimental period. Feeding the WSC diet reduced DM and NDF intake (p < 0.01). Angus had greater DM and nutrient intake in kg/day (p < 0.01). However, there was no breed effect on DM and nutrient intakes based on percentage of BW (p > 0.19). Angus had greater starch digestibility (p = 0.03) than Nellore. Cattle fed the WSC diet had greater DM, NDF and starch digestibility (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the GC diet. The activity of pancreatic α‐amylase (U/g of protein) was greater in Nellore (p < 0.01) and was not affected by diet (p = 0.52). In duodenum, maltase activity (U/g of protein) was greater in bulls fed GC diet (p = 0.02). Expression of the gene SLC5A1was not affected by breed or diet (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Nellore had less capacity to digest starch. However, they did not have less pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase activity compared to Angus. The use of the WSC diet increases DM and total nutrient digestibility.