bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Functioning of Sport Climbers
Authors: Marczak Milena , Ginszt Michał , Gawda Piotr , Berger Marcin , Majcher Piotr 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sport climbing, included in the programme of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games, is increasingly gaining in popularity as a method of physical and mental health enhancement. Studies show a positive relationship between climbing and improvement of neurocognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in neurocognitive indicators: time of testing, memory, and location between climbers and non-climbers. The sample comprised 30 sport climbers (15 males, 15 females; aged 25 ± 4 years) practicing climbing regularly for five years, and 30 non-climbing age- and sex-matched controls. The Tactual Performance Test (Halstead-Reitan Test Battery) was used to measure neurocognitive functions (tactile-spatial functions, motion coordination, kinesthetic abilities, learning, memory). Significant differences were found between sport climbers and controls in reference to time, memory, and location (p < 0.05). Climbers reached higher memory as well as location ratios and lower time ratios in comparison to controls. Different strategies used to complete the task between the two groups were observed. The neurocognitive functioning of sport climbers manifests itself in faster recognition and differentiation of tactile input and better spatial perception, tactile perception, and movement memory.
Acute Effects of Barefoot And Minimalist Footwear on Medial Tibiofemoral Compartment Loading During Running: A Statistical Parametric Mapping Approach
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Butters Bobbie , Stainton Philip 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The current investigation examined the effects of running barefoot and in minimalist footwear on medial tibiofemoral compartment loading, compared to conventional running trainers. Fifteen male runners ran over a force platform in five different footwear conditions (barefoot, Vibram five-fingers (Footwear A), Inov-8 (Footwear B) Nike-Free (Footwear C), and running trainer) whilst lower extremity kinematics were examined using a three-dimensional camera system. Medial compartment loading during the stance phase was explored using the knee adduction moment (KAM). In addition, the KAM instantaneous load rate was also calculated. Differences between footwear across the entire stance phase were examined using 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping, whereas differences in discrete parameters were explored using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical parametric mapping revealed that Footwear B was associated with a significantly larger KAM compared to the running trainer from 15-20 and 25-30% of the stance phase and also Footwear C from 15-20% of the stance phase. The KAM instantaneous load rate was significantly larger in the barefoot (210.69 Nm/kg/s), Footwear A (200.23 Nm/kg/s) and Footwear B (186.03 Nm/kg/s) conditions in comparison to Footwear C (100.88 Nm/kg/s) and running trainers (92.70 Nm/kg/s). The findings from this study indicate that running barefoot and in minimalist footwear with the least midsole interface may place runners at increased risk of medial compartment knee OA, although further exploration using habitual barefoot / minimalist footwear users is required.
Salivary BDNF and Cortisol Responses During High‐Intensity Exercise and Official Basketball Matches in Sedentary Individuals and Elite Players
Authors: Moreira Alexandre , Aoki Marcelo Saldanha , Arruda Ademir Felipe Schultz de , Machado Daniel Gomes da Silva , Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed , Okano Alexandre Hideki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Salivary cortisol increases in response to stressors, including physical exertion and psychological stress associated with sports competition. In addition, stress may induce change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, there are still no data available to compare the salivary BDNF level in sedentary male individuals and elite team-sport male athletes, regularly involved in activities that require elevated attention and concentration. This information could contribute to the advance of understanding of the effect of regular exercise on the salivary level of BDNF, the pre-to-post change in salivary BDNF during exercise, and the association between salivary cortisol and salivary BDNF responses to physical exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the concentration of salivary cortisol and BDNF, before and after exercise, in sedentary individuals and elite male basketball players. The sedentary group (23.0 ± 4.2 yrs) performed a high-intensity exercise protocol and the basketball players (18.6 ± 0.5 yrs) participated in three official basketball matches. Saliva samples were tested for cortisol and BDNF using ELISA. A significant increase in salivary cortisol from pre- to post-match was observed only for the basketball players (p < 0.05). Basketball players also presented a higher salivary BDNF concentration for both resting (pre) and post-physical exercise (p < 0.05); however, no change in pre- to post-exercise salivary BDNF was observed for either group (p > 0.05). Elevated BDNF in athletes may be associated to their repeated exposure to stressful competition situations. The current findings also suggest that different mechanisms might be involved in salivary cortisol and BDNF responses during physical exercise.
Technical and Training Related Aspects of Resistance Training Using Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive Sport - A Review
Authors: Wilk Michal , Krzysztofik Michal , Gepfert Mariola , Poprzecki Stanislaw , Gołaś Artur , Maszczyk Adam 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with resistance training (RT-BFR) shows significant benefits in terms of muscle strength and hypertrophy. Such effects have been observed in clinical populations, in groups of physically active people, and among competitive athletes. These effects are comparable or, in some cases, even more efficient compared to conventional resistance training (CRT). RT-BFR stimulates muscle hypertrophy and improves muscle strength even at low external loads. Since no extensive scientific research has been done in relation to groups of athletes, the aim of the present study was to identify technical, physiological and methodological aspects related to the use of RT-BFR in competitive athletes from various sport disciplines. RT-BFR in groups of athletes has an effect not only on the improvement of muscle strength or muscle hypertrophy, but also on specific motor abilities related to a particular sport discipline. The literature review reveals that most experts do not recommend the use RT-BFR as the only training method, but rather as a complementary method to CRT. It is likely that optimal muscle adaptive changes can be induced by a combination of CRT and RT-BFR. Some research has confirmed benefits of using CRT followed by RT-BFR during a training session. The use of BFR in training also requires adequate progression or modifications in the duration of occlusion in a training session, the ratio of exercises performed with BFR to conventional exercises, the value of pressure or the cuff width.
Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Pickel Gert , Öztürk Cemal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Even though Muslim communities are virtually absent in most Eastern European societies new research shows that Islamophobia is more widespread in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. The existence of ‘Islamophobia without Muslims’ is surprising prima facie, but in fact this empirical pattern reflects the assumption of the contact hypothesis. In a nutshell, the contact hypothesis argues that an individual’s contact with members of an ‘outgroup’ is conducive to refute existing prejudice and stereotypes. We test the explanatory power of the contact hypothesis on both the individual and the societal level. Empirically, we draw our data from the European Social Survey (2014), which allows us to conduct a systematic comparison of Eastern and Western European societies and to account for other well-established social psychological theories of prejudice and stereotyping (e. g. Social Identity Theory, Integrated Threat Theory). Our empirical results show that people with less or no contact are more prone to Islamophobic attitudes. This pattern is characteristic for Eastern European countries as the sheer absence of Muslim communities in these societies turns out to be a relevant explanation for anti-Muslim prejudice. Eastern European citizens tend to have para-social-contacts with Muslims. In general, they rely on media and statements of (populist) politicians, to build their opinions about Muslims. Negative news coverage fueled by terrorist attacks shapes the prevailing image of all Muslims, media consumption therefore intensifies already existing anti-Muslim sentiments. As a result, Eastern European countries have been comparatively unpopular choices for migrants to settle.
Cómo se concibe el átomo actualmente
Authors: Narváez Zamora Luis Javier 
Published: January 2019

Descartes en 1625, tres siglos antes del descubrimiento del electrón, postuló según sus deducciones matemáticas que el átomo debía tener una partícula elemental primitiva a la que llamó “Torbellino del entonces éter universal” .Doscientos años más tarde Wilson en su cámara de niebla pudo fotografiar la trayectoria (su única evidencia hasta hoy) que dejan los electrones a su paso pues según Wilson “jamás veremos a los electrones” por ser más pequeños que las ondas luminosas y para verlos debe dirigírseles energía en forma ondulatoria mayor a la que ellos puedan soportar y esto implica detenerlos y cambiarles su trayectoria.
La utilización de la biomasa como combustible renovable
Authors: Valcarcel M. J. P. , Valcarcel M. F. 
Published: January 2019

La evolución de los diferentes ecosistemas de la región tropical de Colombia ha sido el resultado de la posición geografica, de la acción de los factores y procesos pedologicos y edafológicos, de la acción climática, tectónica y geológica, de la acciónde la micro y macro fauna y en especial de la intervención antròpica sobre los recursos naturales renovables. Algunas de las causas que han llevado, en forma de reacción en cadena, al deterioro del medio ambiente, son: la acción de los fenómenos naturales, la minería no tecnificada, la migración de la población rural a los centros urbanos, la infraestructura vial, la industrialización, la colonización, la utilización de la madera para energía, el sobre pastoreo, los cultivos lícitos e “ilícitos” , contaminación de aguas y suelos por el uso de pesticidas y agroquímicos y la ampliación de la frontera agrícola entre otros. La agricultura es la actividad humana que más depende del medio ambiente natural y tiene una relación más estrecha con él. Inevitablemente la agricultura se ha convertido en una de las causas principales de modificación en el medio ambiente.
Entrevista con Aura Elena Bernal de Rojas: Decana de la Facultad de Educación
Authors: Paideia Surcolombiana Revista 
Published: January 2019

Conversamos con la profesora Aura Elena Bernal de Rojas, Decana de la Facultad de Educación, conocimos sus impresiones sobre la Facultad, los profesores, los estudiantes, los grupos de trabajo, sus proyectos académicos, su pensamiento sobre el decreto 272 y otros aspectos. Presentamos esta conversación a nuestros lectores para que tengan una visión más real de la persona que orienta la educación en la Universidad Surcolombiana.
P/ Después de cuatro meses en la Decanatura ¿Cómo te sientes?, ¿Cómo sientes el trabajo? ¿Sientes que realmente es un trabajo que te hace crecer y que te permite hacer región y país?.
Reflexiones sobre el Sistema Nacional de Formación de Educadores
Authors: Vanegas Rubio Luis Evelio 
Published: January 2019

DECRETOS 3012/97 y 272/98
No se puede negar que a partir de la nueva Constitución de 1991 se han venido realizando esfuerzos para re-crear el sistema educativo colombiano, y además que los replanteamientos están siendo construidos desde unas perspectivas y enfoques modernos de análisis de problemas y de participación de los actores involucrados en los procesos, que para el caso específico es todo el conjunto de la sociedad. Es también innegable que se han ganado espacios que permiten prever cambios positivos para lograr el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación que debe reflejar a su vez un mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en todos y cada uno de los sectores afectados. Pero así mismo y comprendiendo la complejidad del problema y lejos de caer en análisis pesimistas, es preocupante palpar en forma objetiva y crítica como mucho de lo que se habla, se escribe y se normatiza para mejorar la calidad de la educación va quedando en letra muerta, o se van postergando acciones fundamentales que deberían ir paralelas a ciertas otras actividades y normas para que en conjunción tengan efectos claros y más precisos.
La calidad en educación superior
Authors: Monsalve Murillo Florentino 
Published: January 2019

1. EL CONTEXTO DE LA CALIDAD
En los últimos 30 años, la sociedad colombiana encabezada por el Estado ha asumido como prioritaria la estrategia del mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación porque se considera que esta es una condición necesaria para la modernización de los procesos productivos. Desde la reforma educativa de 1960, pasando por el Decreto 080 de 1980 hasta la Ley 30 de 1992 y las normas que la reglamentan y la Ley 115 de 1993, ha habido una evidente preocupación del estado por modernizar el sistema educativo colombiano.
Lúdica y Ludopatía
Authors: Bonilla Baquero Carlos Bolívar 
Published: January 2019

En un escrito de reciente publicación (Ver, Una Aproximación al Concepto de Lúdica, Revista Kinesis N°22) se intenta caracterizar la Lúdica, dotándola de un sentido humano más trascendental que desborda la común idea de definirla como simple juego. Al avanzar en la reflexión sobre el particular, aparece ahora la necesidad de diferenciar Lúdica de Ludopatía., diferenciación sobre la cual versa este trabajo.En la publicación mencionada se propone que la Lúdica sea concebida, en esencia, como una dimensión del desarrollo humano tan importante como la cognitiva, la sexual y la comunicativa, entre otras. Además, se precisa que la Lúdica se refiere a la necesidad que tiene toda persona de sentir emociones placenteras asociadas al vértigo, la incertidumbre, la distracción, la sorpresa o la contemplación gozosa.
New 2D Feature Descriptor Free from Orientation Compensation with k-Means Clustering
Authors: Benaissa Manel , Bennia Abdelhak 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we propose two novel approaches in the field of feature description and matching. The first approach concerns the feature description and matching part, where we proposed an orientation invariant feature descriptor without an additional step dedicated to this task. We exploited the information provided by two representations of the image (intensity and gradient) for a better understanding and representation of the feature point distribution. The provided information is summarized in two cumulative histograms and used in the feature description and matching process. In the context of object detection, we introduced an unsupervised learning method based on k-means clustering. Which we used as an outlier pre-elimination phase after the matching process to improve our descriptor precision. Experiments shown its robustness to image changes and a clear increase in terms of precision of the tested descriptors after the pre-elimination phase.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
KAJIAN ANGKUTAN UDARA PERINTIS KARGO DI PROPINSI PAPUA
Authors: Yuliana Dina , Subekti Sitti , Kusumawati Dedes , Alwi Mohammad , Windrasari Sri , Yusmar Tito , Janris Tangkas , Nusiogo Tri 
Published: January 2019

High logistics costs which may cause the price gap (disparity) between regions in Indonesia. The high cost of logistics in Papua is also caused by the topography of the area which is largely mountainous region so that the accessibility of people and goods will be very dependent on air transport. Air transport facilities and infrastructure in Papua are still inadequate. Purposes of the study is to investigate the mechanisms of implementation and monitoring subsidies pioneering air transport of cargo to optimize the cost of air freight pioneer in Papua Province. With the ever descriptive qualitative research methods. Based on the analysis and discussion of the Air Transport Pilot Study Implementation of Cargo in Papua it can be concluded the following matters: mplementation of pioneering air transport of cargo is required to reduce the price gap between regions in the district capital of Papua (Timika, Wamena and Yakuhimo) to the surrounding districts.
Of the several routes proposed by local government district in Papua, there are 11 routes that should be a priority in the implementation of pioneering air transport of cargo, ie: Timika-Beoga, Timika-Ilaga, Timika-Sinak, Timika-Kenyam, Wamena-Mugi, Wamena-Mamit, Wamena-Mapenduma, Dekai-Silimo, Dekai-Anggruk, Dekai-Korupun dan Dekai-Ubahak. Results of calculations and estimates of the type of aircraft and payload in the district of papua, it was concluded that the aircraft type DHC-6, C208B and PILATUS PC6, with a carrying capacity / payload of 800 kg / flight - 1000 kg /flight.
Accurate Kd via Transient Incomplete Separation
Authors: Sisavath Nicolas , Rukundo Jean Luc , Blanc J.C. Yves Le , Galievsky Victor A. , Bao Jiayin , Kochmann Sven , Stasheuski Alexander S. , Krylov Sergey N. 
Published: January 2019

Current methods for finding the equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of protein-small molecule complexes have inherent sources of inaccuracy.We introduce “Accurate Kd via Transient Incomplete Separation” (AKTIS), an approach that is free of known sources of inaccuracy. Conceptually, in AKTIS, a short plug of the pre-equilibrated protein-small molecule mixture is pressure-propagated in a capillary, causing transient incomplete separation of the complex from the unbound small molecule. A superposition of signals from these two components is measured near the capillary exit as a function of time, for different concentrations of the protein and a constant concentration of the small molecule. Finally, a classical binding isotherm is built and used to find accurate Kd value. Here we prove AKTIS validity theoretically and by computer simulation, present a fluidic system satisfying AKTIS requirements, and demonstrate practical application of AKTIS to finding Kd of protein-small molecule complexes.
Relendo "O Processo" de Kafka como a Manifestação de uma Patologia Social
Authors: Manzi Ronaldo Filho 
Published: January 2019

Esse texto busca retomar, primeiramente, a leitura de Agamben de "O processo" de Kafka. Sua proposta é que o personagem, Joseph K., realiza uma autocalúnia. Agamben sugere que tal autocalúnia é o que cada homem realiza de si – daí o interesse nesse tema. Seguindo a análise de Agamben, vemos que se trata de uma justificação do culpado perante à lei (como se o direito fosse a forma moderna de redenção de uma culpa). A proposta desse ensaio é interpretar a obra de Kafka por outra via. Pretende-se mostrar que é o social que faz com que K. assuma uma culpa (não havendo, portanto, uma autocalúnia). Nesse caso, haveria uma passagem de uma capacidade de o sujeito duvidar da legitimidade do processo à sua aceitação incondicional – como se o social o levasse a perder essa capacidade de dúvida. Daí porque se dirá de uma patologia do social: uma sociedade que “adoece” o indivíduo.
The amplitude-frequency measurement in non-destructive testing using the eddy current method
Authors: Kondej Adam , Szczepański Artur 
Published: January 2019

The paper describes a miniaturized device that records changes in voltage amplitude and signal frequency. After applying the measuring probe to the surface of the tested material, the voltage and frequency amplitude changes. In a place free from defects and nonconformities values of voltage amplitude and frequency are taken as reference values, with which the results obtained during further tests are compared. A clear change in the value of any of the parameters indicates a change in the condition of the tested material. Registration of two parameters with different sensitivityfor selected factors allows for a more accurate analysis of the condition of the testedmaterial. The miniaturized device can works in manual measurement mode or in auto-matic mode, it can be used in defectoscopy, structure and thickness measurements.
Estudo climático dos eventos de precipitação associados a alagamentos urbanos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Climatic study of rainfall events related to urban flash floods in Rio Grande do Sul State)
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo da Silva , Nunes André Becker 
Published: January 2019

Eventos de chuva intensa são caracterizados por altas taxas de precipitação que acarretam em vários transtornos sociais. Contudo, uma determinada taxa de precipitação que provoca transtornos em uma cidade pode não representar riscos em outra, dado que cada local tem sua própria geografia. Este trabalho, baseado no histórico de alagamentos, tem como objetivo a análise dos eventos de precipitação separando-os em casos de atenção (menos severos) e alerta (mais severos) para os quatro maiores centros urbanos do Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Pelotas, Caxias do Sul e Santa Maria. Porto Alegre, a cidade mais urbanizada, é a que apresenta menores limiares, indicando maior facilidade para a ocorrência destes eventos. Os limiares foram aplicados nos dados observados para a análise das ocorrências do período de 1961-2013. Santa Maria apresentou o número maior de casos, e Porto Alegre apresentou uma maior proporção de casos de alerta sobre os casos totais. Os resultados mostram que, no geral, há muita variabilidade anual no número de casos, com leve tendência positiva, sendo o inverno a estação preponderante. Além disso, verificou-se, na maior parte, correlação moderada entre o número de casos e as fases do El Niño e do Índice do Atlântico Sul. A B S T R A C TIntense precipitation events are characterized by high rainfall rates that lead to several social problems. However, a specific rainfall rate that causes damage in one city may not mean risks in another, since each location has its own geographical characteristics. Based on flooding records, the aim of this work is to analyze the precipitation events separating them in attention cases (less severe) and warning cases (more severe) for the four largest urban centers of Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Pelotas, Caxias do Sul and Santa Maria. Porto Alegre, the most urbanized city, is the one with the lowest thresholds, indicating greater chance for the occurrence of such events. Thresholds were applied on observed dataset in order to analyze the occurrences on 1961-2013 period. Santa Maria presented the highest number of cases, and Porto Alegre presented the higher proportion of warning cases on total cases. Overall, the results show great annual variability of number of cases, with slight positive trend, being winter the preponderant season. In addition, there was generally a moderate correlation between number of cases and El Niño and South Atlantic Index phases.Keywords: rainfall; extreme events; El Niño; climatic variability; warning