bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax evasion in Brazil: the case of specialists
Authors: Clemente Felippe , Lírio Viviani Silva 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the instrumental game theory to understand the behavior of the front agents tax evasion and tax authority in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to analyze the taxpayer’s behavior before the Brazilian tax system and tax actions aimed at reducing tax evasion, the authors developed a theoretical model based on the payoffs of Graetz et al. (1986) and increased with situations proposed by Siqueira (2004), Lipatov (2006) and Oliveira (2011).

Findings
Considering the cases with and without specialists, the main results show that in high dropout situation, penalize taxpayers with high fines or deprivations of liberty may not be as effective. Another result of the analysis is that the audit and inspection costs played an important role in driving the equilibrium system.

Research limitations/implications
One limitation of this study is to consider how the exogenous tax authorities earnings (Federal Revenue of Brazil and Federal Police) and not as a function of the goals and certain enforcement policies for each public body.

Practical implications
The authors suggest the following policy: investing in tax inspectors and unbureaucratic the authorities of the cost structure become a more effective tool to combat non-compliance with tax obligations that the intensity of the penalties imposed by the act of evading.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature insofar as it models for the first time, using game theory, the behavior of the evading agent and the tax authority in Brazil.
Collaboration in a competitive healthcare system: negotiation 101 for clinicians
Authors: Clay-Williams Robyn , Johnson Andrew , Lane Paul , Li Zhicheng , Camilleri Lauren , Winata Teresa , Klug Michael 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of negotiation training delivered to senior clinicians, managers and executives, by exploring whether staff members implemented negotiation skills in their workplace following the training, and if so, how and when.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative study involving face-to-face interviews with 18 senior clinicians, managers and executives who completed a two-day intensive negotiation skills training course. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and inductive interpretive analysis techniques were used to identify common themes. Research setting was a large tertiary care hospital and health service in regional Australia.

Findings
Participants generally reported positive affective and utility reactions to the training, and attempted to implement at least some of the skills in the workplace. The main enabler was provision of a Negotiation Toolkit to assist in preparing and conducting negotiations. The main barrier was lack of time to reflect on the principles and prepare for upcoming negotiations. Participants reported that ongoing skill development and retention were not adequately addressed; suggestions for improving sustainability included provision of refresher training and mentoring.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include self-reported data, and interview questions positively elicited examples of training translation.

Practical implications
The training was well matched to participant needs, with negotiation a common and daily activity for most healthcare professionals. Implementation of the skills showed potential for improving collaboration and problem solving in the workplace. Practical examples of how the skills were used in the workplace are provided.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first international study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an integrative bargaining negotiation training program targeting executives, senior clinicians and management staff in a large healthcare organization.
The impact of social media on international student recruitment: the case of Lebanon
Authors: Vrontis Demetris , El Nemar Sam , Ouwaida Ammar , Shams S.M. Riad 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand and accentuate the value of social media in international student recruitment in Lebanese higher education institutions (HEIs). This study analyses the significance of social media and the changes occurring in the means of communicating with the potential international students, with an aim to understand how the HEIs could adapt with the changes to implement a model of engagement to include social media as a fundamental constituent of the Lebanese HEIs’ international student recruitment strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers carried out a study through quantitative descriptive approach by using a probabilistic simple random sample and a self-administered questionnaire on 230 international students from several universities and colleges in Lebanon as a data collection method.FindingsThe findings demonstrated a certain level of engagement in social media networks from the part of the students during their search for college or university and course information. Research showed that international students still prefer the traditional sources, apart from social media, during their search. Among traditional media sources, friend, family and university website were the highest in ranking. Among social media sources, Facebook, Instagram, Google+ and YouTube showed the highest ranks. Most students have, indeed, contacted a friend or a university staff for university course information by using social media sites.Practical implicationsFor managerial practice, this is an incentive for institutions of higher education to re-evaluate and assess the effective impact of social media on the recruitment of international students and to regulate their social media marketing strategies. For research in international education, the insights of this study are useful to explore further research avenues in the area of capacity building for business innovation, marketing and quality assurance in higher education in the cross-cultural context.Originality/valueThis study offers insights on the implications of social media for international student recruitment strategies in a particular Lebanese context of HEIs.
Change in supply networks: a case study in the automotive components industry
Authors: Eiriz Vasco , Carreiras José 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of a supply network and the causes of network change and stability. It presents the study of a supply network of Delphi Braga (Portugal), one of the largest European plants producing car-radios, navigation system and other related products, in order to understand how it changed over time. The paper contributes to the understanding of network management.

Design/methodology/approach
The case study was carried out on a network of five suppliers of Delphi Braga adopting a relational view of networks meaning that both parties of the relationships were studied. Data and results are based on document sources and interviews with managers both from Delphi and the studied suppliers.

Findings
The causes of network change and stability are both exogenous and endogenous. They are multiple and have different impacts on network structures and processes. The paper analyses several causes of network change and their impact on the studied supplier network.

Research limitations/implications
The research is based on a single case study. Although the studied supplier network comprises several firms, it should be pointed out that each network has its own dynamics and structures. Therefore, though the paper makes a relevant contribution for network management, the results cannot be generalized for other networks and firms.

Practical implications
Managers should be aware of the dynamics of their supplier networks and understand the different impacts of both their firm’s decisions as well as the environment changes. By doing this, managers can anticipate changes in the structure and dynamics of their supplier networks.

Originality/value
This case study contributes to our current understanding of relationship development both at the dyadic and network level by analyzing the case of a supply network in a major European plant of car-radios and navigation systems. It discusses implications and proposes further research to advance knowledge on the topic of network change.
Initiating, challenging and improving knowledge in organizational contexts
Authors: Mariano Stefania 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how organizational knowledge interacts with artifacts and what determinants, driving processes and outcomes govern these interactions in organizational contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study is used and data collected is from a US engineering and consulting company.

Findings
Findings suggested three major driving processes specifically initiating, challenging and improving and several related determinants and outcomes that governed the interaction between organizational knowledge and artifacts over time.

Research limitations/implications
This study has limitations related to the nature and dimension of the case selected.

Practical implications
This study provides a means to explain how organizations hold existing knowledge and what determinants, driving processes and outcomes govern the interactions between knowledge and artifacts to assist managerial practices and improve performance.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the current debate on organizational knowledge and provides some empirical evidence of how knowledge interacts with artifacts in organizational contexts.
The Development of Children's Gender‐Science Stereotypes: A Meta‐analysis of 5 Decades of U.S. Draw‐A‐Scientist Studies
Authors: Miller David I. , Nolla Kyle M. , Eagly Alice H. , Uttal David H. 
Published: March 2018

This meta‐analysis, spanning 5 decades of Draw‐A‐Scientist studies, examined U.S. children's gender‐science stereotypes linking science with men. These stereotypes should have weakened over time because women's representation in science has risen substantially in the United States, and mass media increasingly depict female scientists. Based on 78 studies (N = 20,860; grades K‐12), children's drawings of scientists depicted female scientists more often in later decades, but less often among older children. Children's depictions of scientists therefore have become more gender diverse over time, but children still associate science with men as they grow older. These results may reflect that children observe more male than female scientists in their environments, even though women's representation in science has increased over time.
Genetic Determinants of High-Level Oxacillin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pardos de la Gandara Maria , Borges Vitor , Chung Marilyn , Milheiriço Catarina , Gomes João Paulo , de Lencastre Herminia , Tomasz Alexander 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strains carry either a
mecA
- or a
mecC
-mediated mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and the phenotypic expression of resistance shows extensive strain-to-strain variation. In recent communications, we identified the genetic determinants associated with the stringent stress response that play a major role in the antibiotic resistant phenotype of the historically earliest “archaic” clone of MRSA and in the
mecC
-carrying MRSA strain LGA251. Here, we sought to test whether or not the same genetic determinants also contribute to the resistant phenotype of highly and homogeneously resistant (H*R) derivatives of a major contemporary MRSA clone, USA300. We found that the resistance phenotype was linked to six genes (
fruB
,
gmk
,
hpt
,
purB
,
prsA
, and
relA
), which were most frequently targeted among the analyzed 20 H*R strains (one mutation per clone in 19 of the 20 H*R strains). Besides the strong parallels with our previous findings (five of the six genes matched), all but one of the repeatedly targeted genes were found to be linked to guanine metabolism, pointing to the key role that this pathway plays in defining the level of antibiotic resistance independent of the clonal type of MRSA.
Cross Talk between Nitric Oxide and Calcium-Calmodulin Regulates Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum under Heat Stress
Authors: Liu Rui , Shi Liang , Zhu Ting , Yang Tao , Ren Ang , Zhu Jing , Zhao Ming-wen 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWe previously reported that high temperature impacts ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis inGanoderma lucidumvia Ca2+. Therefore, to further understand the signal-regulating network of the organism's response to heat stress (HS), we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) under HS. After HS treatment, the NO level was significantly increased by 120% compared to that under the control conditions. The application of a NO scavenger resulted in a 25% increase in GA compared with that found in the sample treated only with HS. Additionally, the application of a NO donor to increase NO resulted in a 30% lower GA content than that in the sample treated only with HS. These results show that the increase in NO levels alleviates HS-induced GA accumulation. Subsequently, we aimed to detect the effects of the interaction between NO and Ca2+on GA biosynthesis under HS inG. lucidum. Our pharmacological approaches revealed that the NO and Ca2+signals promoted each other in response to HS. We further constructed the silenced strain of nitrate reductase (NR) and calmodulin (CaM), and the results are in good agreement with the silenced strain and pharmacological experiment. The cross-promotion between NO and Ca2+signals is involved in the regulation of HS-induced GA biosynthesis inG. lucidum, and this finding is supported by studies with NR-silenced (NRi) and CaM-silenced (CaMi) strains. However, Ca2+may have a more direct and significant effect on the HS-induced GA increase than NO. These data indicate that NO functions in signaling and has a close relationship with Ca2+in HS-induced GA biosynthesis.IMPORTANCEHS is an important environmental stress affecting the growth and development of organisms. We previously reported that HS modulates GA biosynthesis inG. lucidumvia Ca2+. However, the signal-regulating network of the organism's response to HS has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that NO relieved HS-induced GA accumulation, and NO and Ca2+could exert promoting effects on each other in response to HS. Further research on the effect of NO and Ca2+on the production of GAs in response to HS indicated that Ca2+has a notably more direct and significant effect on the HS-induced GA increase than NO. Our results improve our understanding of the mechanism of HS signal transduction in fungi. A greater understanding of the regulation of secondary metabolism in response to environmental stimuli will provide clues regarding the role of these products in fungal biology.
Age-Dependent Cellular and Behavioral Deficits Induced by Molecularly Targeted Drugs Are Reversible
Authors: Scafidi Joseph , Ritter Jonathan , Talbot Brooke M. , Edwards Jorge , Chew Li-Jin , Gallo Vittorio 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Newly developed targeted anticancer drugs inhibit signaling pathways commonly altered in adult and pediatric cancers. However, as these pathways are also essential for normal brain development, concerns have emerged of neurologic sequelae resulting specifically from their application in pediatric cancers. The neural substrates and age dependency of these drug-induced effects in vivo are unknown, and their long-term behavioral consequences have not been characterized. This study defines the age-dependent cellular and behavioral effects of these drugs on normally developing brains and determines their reversibility with post-drug intervention. Mice at different postnatal ages received short courses of molecularly targeted drugs in regimens analagous to clinical treatment. Analysis of rapidly developing brain structures important for sensorimotor and cognitive function showed that, while adult administration was without effect, earlier neonatal administration of targeted therapies attenuated white matter oligodendroglia and hippocampal neuronal development more profoundly than later administration, leading to long-lasting behavioral deficits. This functional impairment was reversed by rehabilitation with physical and cognitive enrichment. Our findings demonstrate age-dependent, reversible effects of these drugs on brain development, which are important considerations as treatment options expand for pediatric cancers.
Significance: Targeted therapeutics elicit age-dependent long-term consequences on the developing brain that can be ameliorated with environmental enrichment. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2081–95. ©2018 AACR.
“I Have Fought with Wild Beasts … But I Will Stay until Pentecost”
Authors: Doole J. Andrew 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Paul only mentions Ephesus twice explicitly, in 1 Cor 15:32 and 16:8. The latter reference leads most to place the writing of 1 Corinthians in Ephesus, while the former causes much hand-wringing over Paul’s bout with wild beasts. If indeed Paul has written to the Corinthians from Ephesus, we may be able to infer—albeit speculatively—aspects of Christian life in the city. Theißen and Hartwig’s concept of the Nebenadressat, which they apply to the Corinthians as secondary addressees of Romans, may be applied to the Ephesians as secondary addressees of the letter to Corinth. We can see from Paul’s guidelines for the Christians in Corinth how Christians in Ephesus would have lived.
‘Smarter, Stronger, Kinder’
Authors: Sakr Naomi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Heralding the imminent screening of a new series of Iftah ya Simsim (Open Sesame) for pre-schoolers on Gulf television in 2015, the managing director of the show’s production company described it as the culmination of ‘passion and commitment’ on the part of ‘dozens of individuals across international boundaries’ over four years. Joint efforts of individuals and institutions on that scale imply shared objectives. The publicly declared objective of the partner of Iftah ya Simsim, Sesame Workshop in New York, is to offer fun lessons that will make Gulf children ‘smarter, stronger and kinder’, a significant ambition given educational and health issues in parts of the region. Yet the reality of international collaboration made the project even more complex. My study explores the interests at stake in making the series, by Sesame Workshop, the Arab Bureau for Education in Gulf States based in Riyadh, and Bidaya Media, the Abu Dhabi-based joint venture created to produce the shows. I found that the challenge of collaboration was lessened because different institutions were responsible for different phases of the project, public narratives about it played down culturally-sensitive concerns that informed the curriculum underlying it, and widespread nostalgia linked to the 1970s version of the show implied that Iftah ya Simsim was itself part of Gulf traditions.
Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results from the ADHERE Registry
Authors: Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin , Steffen Armin , Maurer Joachim T. , Sommer J. Ulrich , Schwab Richard , Thaler Erica , Soose Ryan , Chou Courtney , Strollo Patrick , Kezirian Eric J. , Chia Stanley , Withrow Kirk , Weidenbecher Mark , Strohl Kingman , Doghramji Karl , Hofauer Benedikt , Heiser Clemens ,   ADHERE Registry Investigators
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveUpper airway stimulation (UAS) is an alternative treatment option for patients unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies support the safety and efficacy of this therapy. The aim of this registry is to collect retrospective and prospective objective and subjective outcome measures across multiple institutions in the United States and Germany. To date, it represents the largest cohort of patients studied with this therapy.Study DesignRetrospective and prospective registry study.SettingTen tertiary care hospitals in the United States and Germany.Subjects and MethodsPatients were included who had moderate to severe OSA, were intolerant to CPAP, and were undergoing UAS implantation. Baseline demographic and sleep study data were collected. Objective and subjective treatment outcomes, adverse events, and patient and physician satisfaction were reviewed.ResultsThe registry enrolled 301 patients between October 2016 and September 2017. Mean ± SD AHI decreased from 35.6 ± 15.3 to 10.2 ± 12.9 events per hour (P <. 0001), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores decreased from 11.9 ± 5.5 to 7.5 ± 4.7 (P <. 0001) from baseline to the posttitration visit. Patients utilized therapy for 6.5 hours per night. There were low rates of procedure‐ and device‐related complications. Clinical global impression scores demonstrated that the majority of physicians (94%) saw improvement in their patients’ symptoms with therapy. The majority of patients (90%) were more satisfied with UAS than CPAP.ConclusionsAcross a multi‐institutional registry, UAS therapy demonstrates significant improvement in subjective and objective OSA outcomes, good therapy adherence, and high patient satisfaction.
Differences in the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus by primary care and specialist providers in the American Indian/Alaska Native population
Authors: McDougall J A , Helmick C G , Lim S S , Johnston J M , Gaddy J R , Gordon C , Ferucci E D 
Published: March 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate differences in the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by primary care and specialist physicians in a population-based registry. Methods This study includes individuals from the 2009 Indian Health Service lupus registry population with a diagnosis of SLE documented by either a primary care provider or specialist. SLE classification criteria, laboratory testing, and medication use at any time during the course of disease were determined by medical record abstraction. Results Of the 320 individuals with a diagnosis of SLE, 249 had the diagnosis documented by a specialist, with 71 documented by primary care. Individuals with a specialist diagnosis of SLE were more likely to have medical record documentation of meeting criteria for SLE by all criteria sets (American College of Rheumatology, 79% vs 22%; Boston Weighted, 82% vs 32%; and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics, 83% vs 35%; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). In addition, specialist diagnosis was associated with documentation of ever having been tested for anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and complement 3 and complement 4 ( p < 0.001). Documentation of ever receiving hydroxychloroquine was also more common with specialist diagnosis (86% vs 64%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Within the population studied, specialist diagnosis of SLE was associated with a higher likelihood of having SLE classification criteria documented, being tested for biomarkers of disease, and ever receiving treatment with hydroxychloroquine. These data support efforts both to increase specialist access for patients with suspected SLE and to provide lupus education to primary care providers.