bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reexamination of hemoglobin adjustments to define anemia: altitude and smoking
Authors: Sharma Andrea J. , Addo O. Yaw , Mei Zuguo , Suchdev Parminder S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe correct interpretation of hemoglobin (Hb) to identify anemia requires adjusting for altitude and smoking. Current adjustments were derived using data collected before 1985, from low‐income preschool‐aged children (PSC) in the United States and indigenous men in Peru for altitude, and from White women of reproductive age (WRA) in the United States for smoking. Given the oldness and limited representativeness of these data, we reexamined associations between Hb and altitude and/or smoking using 13 population‐based surveys and 1 cohort study each conducted after 2000. All WHO regions except South‐East Asia were represented. The dataset included 68,193 observations among PSC (6−59 months) and nonpregnant WRA (15−49 years) with data on Hb and altitude (−28 to 4000 m), and 19,826 observations among WRA with data on Hb and smoking (status or daily cigarette quantity). Generalized linear models were used to assess the robustness of associations under varying conditions, including controlling for inflammation‐corrected iron and vitamin A deficiency. Our study confirms that Hb should be adjusted for altitude and/or smoking; these adjustments are additive. However, recommendations for Hb adjustment likely need updating. Notably, current recommendations may underadjust Hb for light smokers and for those residing at lower altitudes and overadjust Hb for those residing at higher altitudes.
The influence of bariatric surgery on oral drug bioavailability in patients with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Angeles Philip Carlo , Robertsen Ida , Seeberg Lars Thomas , Krogstad Veronica , Skattebu Julie , Sandbu Rune , Åsberg Anders , Hjelmesæth Jøran 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAnatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent weight loss may influence drug disposition and thus drug dosing following bariatric surgery. This review systematically examines the effects of bariatric surgery on drug pharmacokinetics, focusing especially on the mechanisms involved in restricting oral bioavailability. Studies with a longitudinal before‐after design investigating the pharmacokinetics of at least one drug were reviewed. The need for dose adjustment following bariatric surgery was examined, as well as the potential for extrapolation to other drugs subjected to coinciding pharmacokinetic mechanisms. A total of 22 original articles and 32 different drugs were assessed. The majority of available data is based on Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) (18 of 22 studies), and hence, the overall interpretation is more or less limited to RYGBP. In the case of the majority of studied drugs, an increased absorption rate was observed early after RYGBP. The effect on systemic exposure allows for a low degree of extrapolation, including between drugs subjected to the same major metabolic and transporter pathways. On the basis of current understanding, predicting the pharmacokinetic change for a specific drug following RYGBP is challenging. Close monitoring of each individual drug is therefore recommended in the early postsurgical phase. Future studies should focus on the long‐term effects of bariatric surgery on drug disposition, and they should also aim to disentangle the effects of the surgery itself and the subsequent weight loss.
Total‐evidence approach reveals an extinct lineage of Paederinae rove beetles from Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Żyła Dagmara , Yamamoto Shûhei , Jenkins Shaw Josh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fossil record contains vital information about the evolution of lineages and is a source of data that cannot be reconciled other than by the direct observation of morphologies. Total‐evidence phylogenetic reconstruction is being increasingly used to assess the position of extinct taxa by incorporating morphological data from extinct and extant taxa together with molecular data from extant taxa in a united framework. Here we apply the method to two Cretaceous Burmese amber inclusions belonging to the rove beetle subfamily Paederinae. To perform the total evidence analysis, we constructed the first morphological matrix and the most comprehensive molecular dataset for the subfamily. Our analysis reveals an extinct lineage of Paederinae rove beetles with a suite of unique morphological characters, resulting in the description of a new genus: Diminudon gen. nov. and two new species: D. schomannae sp. nov. and D. kachinensis sp. nov. Simultaneously our analyses provide new insights into the evolution and classification of the entire subfamily. We also discuss the unusually small size of the newly described Paederinae, which may represent an additional case for miniaturization in the Cretaceous.
The Acute Effect of Skin Preheating on Capsaicin‐Induced Central Sensitization in Humans
Authors: Linde Lukas D. , Srbely John Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTopical capsaicin is commonly employed to experimentally induce central sensitization (CS) in humans. While previous studies have investigated the effect of skin preheating on the sensitizing effect of capsaicin, no studies have compared the synergistic effect of skin preheating on the magnitude of sensitization via topical capsaicin within the first 30 minutes of application. We tested the hypothesis that skin preheating potentiates the sensitizing effect of topical capsaicin by evoking a larger region of secondary hyperalgesia vs. topical capsaicin alone.MethodsTwenty young, healthy subjects each received topical capsaicin (Zostrix HP 0.075%) only (CAP), topical capsaicin with preheating (CAP + HEAT), and topical nonsensitizing placebo cream (CON) in a crossover design. Capsaicin and placebo creams were applied to a 50 cm2 area of the dorsal forearm. The CAP + HEAT session also included a 10‐minute preheating session. Regions of secondary hyperalgesia were assessed using mechanical brush allodynia testing, and skin temperature was assessed via infrared thermography. Outcomes were normalized to baseline and compared at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after cream application.ResultsThe CAP + HEAT session led to a significantly larger area of secondary hyperalgesia compared to the CAP session as measured by brush allodynia (CON: 0 ± 0 cm; CAP: 2.08 ± 0.45 cm; CAP + HEAT: 3.70 ± 0.46 cm; P < 0.05) and skin temperature (CON: −2.92% ± 0.03%; CAP: −0.63% ± 0.09%; CAP + HEAT: 2.50% ± 0.11%; ( of baseline) P < 0.05).ConclusionPreheating amplifies the sensitizing effect of topical capsaicin within 30 minutes of application. The heat–capsaicin technique may be employed to assess differing magnitudes of CS induction and enables future studies investigating the development and progression of CS in humans.
Multifocal congenital hemangioma: Expanding the pathogenesis of “neonatal hemangiomatosis”
Authors: Blumenthal Shoshana , Stefanko Nicole , Cossio Maria‐Laura , Coulombe Jerôme , McCuaig Catherine , Dubois Josee , North Paula , Drolet Beth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCongenital hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors, categorized by their postnatal behavior as rapidly involuting, non‐involuting, or partially involuting. They are typically solitary, with a predilection for the head or limbs near a joint. We present two infants with small, multifocal congenital nonprogressive hemangiomas of the skin, one associated with hepatic and intracranial lesions, and another with an in utero intracranial hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. These cases further extend the differential diagnosis of congenital multifocal vascular lesions or “hemangiomatosis.”
Muscle herniation as a cause of superficial lumps on the legs of a healthy teenager
Authors: Chen Chen (Amy) , Phelps Andrew , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMuscular hernias, focal protrusions of muscle through fascial weaknesses, are uncommon in pediatric patients. When diagnosed, they are usually found on the legs from protrusions of tibialis anterior muscle in young male athletes. Here, we present a case of a healthy 16‐year‐old boy who developed asymptomatic nodules on the bilateral feet and lateral lower legs, which were confirmed by ultrasound to be focal muscle herniations. Our case highlights a rare example of bilateral muscle herniation in a pediatric patient and the utility of ultrasound as a diagnostic modality for this uncommon condition.
Complementary and alternative therapy for pediatric acne: A review of botanical extracts, dietary interventions, and oral supplements
Authors: Gurnee Emily A. , Kamath Sonia , Kruse Lacey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany supplements and products containing botanical extracts are marketed to patients for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Additionally, increasing attention has been paid to the role of diet in acne vulgaris. Studies on this topic including pediatric patients are limited, with variable efficacy data. Despite these limitations, knowledge of alternative therapies in pediatric acne vulgaris is often expected from pediatric dermatologists. Here we review available data on the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines for treatment of acne in pediatric patients, focusing on topical, oral, and dietary modifications.
Over and over again: Changes in frontal EEG asymmetry across a boring task
Authors: Perone Sammy , Weybright Elizabeth H. , Anderson Alana J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBoredom is an aversive emotional state. People high in trait boredom are less able to effectively cope with and resolve boredom than people low in trait boredom. Trait boredom is characterized by proneness and susceptibility, which are associated with avoidance and approach behavioral dispositions, respectively. Baseline frontal EEG asymmetry (FEA) has been treated as a trait level neural correlate of approach and avoidance motivational styles. Online processes by which people effectively cope with and resolve state boredom may involve an approach motivation to create stimulation. Evidence indicates that FEA reflects an active approach or avoidance motivation. This study tested the prediction that proneness and susceptibility would be related to relative less and greater left frontal activity during baseline, respectively, and lower levels of trait boredom would be associated with a leftward shift frontal activity as situationally induced boredom ensued. Young adults (N = 54) completed trait boredom scales, baseline EEG, and a boring task. Results showed that people low in trait boredom exhibited a leftward shift in frontal activity over the course of the boring task. No relations between trait boredom and baseline FEA were observed. The results are consistent with the possibility that approach motivation is involved in coping with and resolving boredom. FEA has been characterized at trait and state levels. Our results provide a new view of FEA as a signature of dynamic online emotion regulatory processes. The implications from linking boredom and FEA for understanding the mechanisms of boredom resolution and meaning of FEA are discussed.
Method agreement between three different chambers for comparative boar semen computer‐assisted sperm analysis
Authors: Basioura Athina , Tsousis Georgios , Boscos Constantin , Lymberopoulos Aristotelis , Tsakmakidis Ioannis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) has become a standard laboratory tool. Although it contributes a lot to the objective sperm motility assessment, its measurements may be affected by many factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chamber on boar semen CASA results. Totally, 100 extended (30 × 106 sperm/ml) boar semen samples were analysed by CASA. Each sample was evaluated using Makler, Leja 4 chamber 20 μm and conventional glass slide/coverslip chambers (MC, LC and GSC, respectively). The differences in values between MC and LC and between MC and GSC were significantly positive (higher values for MC compared with LC and GSC) for total motility, progressive, rapid movement, VCL, VSL, VAP, STR and hyperactive, thus indicating a systematic effect. Between LC and GSC, the differences in many parameters (non‐progressive, progressive, slow, LIN, STR, hyperactive) were evenly distributed around zero, while in all other parameters the differences were significantly positive (higher values for LC compared with GSC), except for medium movement. Based on the estimated intraclass correlation coefficients, the method agreement between MC and LC and between LC and GSC was overall moderate to good, depending on the parameter; nonetheless, it was poor between MC and GSC. The limits of agreement between methods can vary considerably depending on the parameter and should be considered when comparisons between CASA measurements of different andrology laboratories or studies have to be performed.
Association between computed tomographic thoracic injury scores and blood gas and acid–base balance in dogs with blunt thoracic trauma
Authors: Kirberger Robert M. , Leisewitz Andrew L. , Rautenbach Yolandi , Lim Chee Kin , Stander Nerissa , Cassel Nicky , Arnot Luke , deClercq Marizelle , Burchell Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between thoracic injuries evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and arterial blood gas and acid–base status in dogs with blunt thoracic trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents.DesignProspective observational clinical study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐one client owned traumatized dogs and 15 healthy dogs.ProceduresAll trauma group dogs underwent a CT scan and simultaneous arterial blood gas analysis within 24 hours, but not before 4 hours, after the traumatic incident within a 45‐month enrollment period.Measurements and Main ResultsThorax injuries were classified as pulmonary, pleural space, or rib cage and each of these components was scored for severity using a CT composite pulmonary, pleural, and rib score. The trauma group arterial blood gas and acid–base status were evaluated for statistical difference from the control group. The pulmonary–arterial oxygen pressure was significantly lower in the trauma group compared to the control group that was supported by significant differences in the calculated variables of arterial blood oxygenation as well. There was also a significant correlation between the composite lung score and pleural score and the variables of arterial oxygen status. The pulmonary–arterial carbon dioxide pressure was not significantly different to any of the thoracic injury variables indicating normal alveolar ventilation. Acid–base imbalances were generally mild, insignificant, and variable.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceBlunt thoracic trauma causes significant pulmonary and pleural injury and the blood oxygen economy is significantly affected by this. The functional measures of arterial blood oxygenation were well correlated with thoracic CT pathology. Alveolar ventilation was mostly spared but a clinically significant ventilation perfusion mismatch was present.
An In Silico Model for the Prediction of Changes in Mineral Density in Cortical Bone Remodeling
Authors: Mattazio Rafael R. , Noritomi Pedro Y. , Silveira Zilda C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn in silico model for the estimation of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) changes at a cortical bone site subjected to mechanobiological bone remodeling is proposed in this manuscript. Mechanisms of cell differentiation, receptor–ligand binding, mechanical signaling, and resorption or deposition of bone matrix were considered, therefore providing a comprehensive description of mechanobiological bone remodeling in the bone microenvironment and enabling the analysis of temporal evolution of disease or therapy scenarios. The proposed model is composed by five modules, namely, bone cells populations, mechanobiology, volume fractions and porosity, mineral density, and structural stiffness. The model is an extension of other models found in the literature because equations for the obtaining of cortical vBMD and the binding of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to parathyroid hormone 1 receptor are included. The proposed model showed a satisfactory agreement with the solutions of other in silico models found in the literature. Simulations of walking and running exercise routines were performed for the evaluation of model capability regarding the control of the numerical error and prediction of vBMD. The computational method used to solve the case study controlled the relative numerical error by less than 1 × 10−7 for approximately 1.7 × 106 time steps. The predicted values correlate with the concept of increasing BMD by vigorous physical activity; however, they contrast with the specific effect of physical activities on cortical vBMD.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Process Parameters on Cooling Rate and Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in High-Speed Twin Roll Strip Casting of Al–15 wt % Cu Alloy
Authors: Patil Yuvaraj Ganpati , Shukla Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Twin roll casting is a process used to produce thin strips of metals by continuously pouring melt on to rotating rolls. In order to make the process more productive and economical, high roll speed is recommended. The numerical simulation of high-speed twin roll casting is performed by analyzing fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification behavior of Al–Cu hypo-eutectic alloy. The flow field, temperature, liquid fraction distribution, and cooling rate are analyzed by solving governing transport equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and turbulence. The low-Re Turbulence model is used to capture turbulence effects in the process and enthalpy-porosity technique used to account for the rise in viscosity due to phase change. The effect of melt pool height and roll velocity on average cooling rate along the strip surface is investigated. It is found that the increase in melt pool height and roll speed increases the average cooling rate along strip surface due to rise in heat transfer up to certain roll velocity but beyond that process fails due to breakout. The average cooling rate of process affects the microstructure and properties of strips. It is found that higher cooling rates result in a decrement of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of 1 mm thin strip along strip surface results in the fine and homogeneous microstructure.
Basic Theory of Simplified Dynamic Model for Spherical Tank Considering Swinging Effect
Authors: Lü Yuan , Sun Jiangang , Sun Zongguang , Cui Lifu , Wang Zhen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Consider the swinging effect of spherical tank, the theory of velocity potential is adopted, and a reasonable potential function is derived according to the boundary conditions. Further, the dynamic fluid pressure, the wave height of the liquid, the shear force and the overturning moment at the bottom of the spherical tank is calculated, and a simplified dynamic model of spherical tank considering liquid sloshing and swinging effect was constructed. The seismic response was studied and compared with the results without considering the swing effect. The results show that: for Ι, II site conditions, base shear force and overturning moment of considering the swing effect is slightly smaller than when nonconsidering and the difference rate between the two is very small. III–IV site conditions, each condition value of considering the swing effect is larger than when nonconsidering and the difference rate between the two is relatively large. Aseismic design of spherical tank and the influence of swing effect should be considered if the site condition is III and IV, and if site I and II, they can be ignored.
Predictability of Recurrence using Immunohistochemistry to delineate Surgical Margins in mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PRISM-HNSCC): study protocol for a prospective, observational and bilateral study in Australia and India
Authors: Joseph Sheela , Janakiraman Rajinikanth , Chacko Geeta , Jayaraj Rama , Thomas Mahiban , Thomas Meera , Mukhopadhyay Sramana 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTreatment failure and poor 5-year survival in mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has remained unchanged for decades mainly due to advanced stage of presentation and high rates of recurrence. Incomplete surgical removal of the tumour, attributed to lack of reliable methods to delineate the surgical margins, is a major cause of disease recurrence. The predictability of recurrence using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to delineate surgical margins (PRISM) in mucosal HNSCC study aims to redefine margin status by identifying the true extent of the tumour at the molecular level by performing IHC with molecular markers, eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF4Eand tumour suppressor gene, p53, on the surgical margins and test the use of Lugol’s iodine and fluorescence visualisation prior to the wide local excision. This article describes the study protocol at its pre - results stage.Methods and analysisPRISM-HNSCC is a bilateral observational research being conducted in Darwin, Australia and Vellore, India. Individuals diagnosed with HNSCC will undergo the routine wide local excision of the tumour followed by histopathological assessment. Tumours with clear surgical margins that satisfy the exclusion criteria will be selected for further staining of the margins with eIF4E and p53 antibodies. Results of IHC staining will be correlated with recurrences in an attempt to predict the risk of disease recurrence. Patients in Darwin will undergo intraoperative staining of the lesion with Lugol’s iodine and fluorescence visualisation to delineate the excision margins while patients in Vellore will not undertake these tests. The outcomes will be analysed.Ethics and disseminationThe PRISM-HNSCC study was approved by the institutional ethics committees in Darwin (Human Research Ethics Committee 13-2036) and Vellore (Institutional Review Board Min. no. 8967). Outcomes will be disseminated through publications in academic journals and presentations at educational meetings and conferences. It will be presented as dissertation at the Charles Darwin University. We will communicate the study results to both participating sites. Participating sites will communicate results with patients who have indicated an interest in knowing the results.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000715471).