bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cytoskeleton regulates symmetry transitions in moving amoeboid cells
Authors: van Haastert Peter J. M. , Keizer-Gunnink Ineke , Kortholt Arjan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Symmetry and symmetry breaking are essential in biology. Symmetry comes in different forms: rotational symmetry, mirror symmetry and alternating right–left symmetry (for example, gliding reflection symmetry). Especially the transitions between the different symmetry forms are important because they specify crucial points in cell biology, including gastrulation in development, formation of the cleavage furrow in cell division, or the front in cell polarity. However, the mechanisms of these symmetry transitions are not well understood. Here, we have investigated the fundamental properties of symmetry and symmetry transitions of the cytoskeleton during cell movement. Our data show that the dynamic shape changes of amoeboid cells are far from random, but are the consequence of refined symmetries and symmetry changes that are orchestrated by small G-proteins and the cytoskeleton, with local stimulation by F-actin and Scar, and local inhibition by IQGAP2 and myosin.
A fragment of adhesion molecule L1 is imported into mitochondria, and regulates mitochondrial metabolism and trafficking
Authors: Kraus Kristina , Kleene Ralf , Braren Ingke , Loers Gabriele , Lutz David , Schachner Melitta 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The cell adhesion molecule L1 (also known as L1CAM) plays important roles in the mammalian nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions. We have previously reported that proteolytic cleavage of L1 by myelin basic protein leads to the generation of a 70 kDa transmembrane L1 fragment (L1-70) that promotes neuronal migration and neuritogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that L1-70 is imported from the cytoplasm into mitochondria. Genetic ablation of L1, inhibition of mitochondrial import of L1-70 or prevention of myelin basic protein-mediated generation of L1-70 all lead to reduced mitochondrial complex I activity, and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, fusion, fission and motility, as well as increased retrograde transport. We identified NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein 2 as a binding partner for L1, suggesting that L1-70 interacts with this complex I subunit to regulate complex I activity. The results of our study provide insights into novel functions of L1 in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular dynamics. These functions are likely to ameliorate the consequences of acute nervous system injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Radiation dose optimisation for conventional imaging in infants and newborns using automatic dose management software: an application of the new 2013/59 EURATOM directive
Authors: Alejo L , Corredoira E , Sánchez-Muñoz F , Huerga C , Aza Z , Plaza-Núñez R , Serrada A , Bret-Zurita M , Parrón M , Prieto-Areyano C , Garzón-Moll G , Madero R , Guibelalde E 
Published: April 2018

﻿Objective:The new 2013/59 EURATOM Directive (ED) demands dosimetric optimisation procedures without undue delay. The aim of this study was to optimise paediatric conventional radiology examinations applying the ED without compromising the clinical diagnosis.Methods:Automatic dose management software (ADMS) was used to analyse 2678 studies of children from birth to 5 years of age, obtaining local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in terms of entrance surface air kerma. Given local DRL for infants and chest examinations exceeded the European Commission (EC) DRL, an optimisation was performed decreasing the kVp and applying the automatic control exposure. To assess the image quality, an analysis of high-contrast resolution (HCSR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and figure of merit (FOM) was performed, as well as a blind test based on the generalised estimating equations method.Results:For newborns and chest examinations, the local DRL exceeded the EC DRL by 113%. After the optimisation, a reduction of 54% was obtained. No significant differences were found in the image quality blind test. A decrease in SNR (−37%) and HCSR (−68%), and an increase in FOM (42%), was observed.Conclusion:ADMS allows the fast calculation of local DRLs and the performance of optimisation procedures in babies without delay. However, physical and clinical analyses of image quality remain to be needed to ensure the diagnostic integrity after the optimisation process.Advances in knowledge:ADMS are useful to detect radiation protection problems and to perform optimisation procedures in paediatric conventional imaging without undue delay, as ED requires.
Inferring Commitment from Rates of Organizational Transition
Authors: Jago Arthur S. , Laurin Kristin 
Published: April 2018

Organizations often implement changes that can signal their values. However, the most objectively efficient changes do not necessarily serve as the best signals. Across seven experiments, we investigate how different rates of transition influence people’s perceptions of how committed organizations are to the values underlying changes or improvements. We find that slower, less efficient transitions signal greater commitment compared with faster, more efficient transitions that reach otherwise identical endpoints (Experiment 1). Using mediation and moderation strategies, we demonstrate that this discontinuity occurs because people assume slower transitions require relatively more effort to enact (Experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, these commitment inferences persist beyond the point at which changes end (Experiment 4), when further improvement along the same dimension is no longer possible (Experiment 5), and regardless of whether the organization decided to transition either quickly or slowly (Experiment 6). This effect reverses, however, when people can directly compare slower and faster transitions that ultimately reach identical endpoints (Experiment 7). Taken together, these findings suggest that people often infer greater commitment from slower transitions that unfold over time, even when those transitions are objectively inferior to faster alternatives. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2980 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
A Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem with Loading and Unloading Costs
Authors: Hübner Alexander , Ostermeier Manuel 
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses a multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) that occurs in the context of grocery distribution. Different temperature-specific product segments (e.g., frozen or ambient) are transported from a retail warehouse to outlets. Different temperature-specific product segments can be transported together using multi-compartment vehicles. These trucks are technically able to have different temperature zones on the same truck by separating the capacity of a vehicle flexibly into a limited number of compartments. On one hand, this leads to a cost saving as different product segments ordered by one outlet can be delivered jointly using only one truck. This impacts the routing and the number of stops—i.e., the transportation costs and unloading costs. On the other hand, more than one shipping gate has to be approached at the warehouse to collect and load different product segments. As a consequence, the number of segments on each truck and therefore the number of compartments impact loading, transportation, and unloading costs. An extended MCVRP with flexible compartments is presented to account for these loading and unloading costs. To solve the problem that arises, a large neighborhood search (LNS) tailored to the extended model is defined. The LNS includes problem-specific extensions in terms of the removal and reinsert operators as well as the termination criteria. It is tested using a case study with a retailer, benchmark data, and randomly generated data. Results are also compared to existing approaches. In line with the analyses performed for the model introduced, it is shown that the integration of loading and unloading costs into the model impacts routing considerably, and ultimately results in significant savings potential for retailers.
Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty in young patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Gauci M. O. , Bonnevialle N. , Moineau G. , Baba M. , Walch G. , Boileau P. 
Published: April 2018

AimsControversy about the use of an anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) in young arthritic patients relates to which is the ideal form of fixation for the glenoid component: cemented or cementless. This study aimed to evaluate implant survival of aTSA when used in patients aged < 60 years with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA), and to compare the survival of cemented all-polyethylene and cementless metal-backed glenoid components.Materials and MethodsA total of 69 consecutive aTSAs were performed in 67 patients aged < 60 years with primary glenohumeral OA. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 54 years (35 to 60). Of these aTSAs, 46 were undertaken using a cemented polyethylene component and 23 were undertaken using a cementless metal-backed component. The age, gender, preoperative function, mobility, premorbid glenoid erosion, and length of follow-up were comparable in the two groups. The patients were reviewed clinically and radiographically at a mean of 10.3 years (5 to 12, sd 26) postoperatively. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis was performed with revision as the endpoint.ResultsA total of 26 shoulders (38%) underwent revision surgery: ten (22%) in the polyethylene group and 16 (70%) in the metal-backed group (p < 0.0001). At 12 years’ follow-up, the rate of implant survival was 74% (sd 0.09) for polyethylene components and 24% (sd 0.10) for metal-backed components (p < 0.0002). Glenoid loosening or failure was the indication for revision in the polyethylene group, whereas polyethylene wear with metal-on-metal contact, instability, and insufficiency of the rotator cuff were the indications for revision in the metal-backed group. Preoperative posterior subluxation of the humeral head with a biconcave/retroverted glenoid (Walch B2) had an adverse effect on the survival of a metal-backed component.ConclusionThe survival of a cemented polyethylene glenoid component is three times higher than that of a cementless metal-backed glenoid component ten years after aTSA in patients aged < 60 years with primary glenohumeral OA. Patients with a biconcave (B2) glenoid have the highest risk of failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:485–92.
Additive manufacturing
Authors: Mumith A. , Thomas M. , Shah Z. , Coathup M. , Blunn G. 
Published: April 2018

Increasing innovation in rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is bringing about major changes in translational surgical research. This review describes the current position in the use of additive manufacturing in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:455-60.
An NIHR-approved two-year observational study on magnetically controlled growth rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis
Authors: Nnadi C. , Thakar C. , Wilson-MacDonald J. , Milner P. , Rao A. , Mayers D. , Fairbank J. , Subramanian T. 
Published: April 2018

Aims The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and safety of magnetically controlled growth rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis. Secondary aims were to evaluate the clinical outcome, the rate of further surgery, the rate of complications, and the durability of correction. Patients and Methods We undertook an observational prospective cohort study of children with early onset scoliosis, who were recruited over a one-year period and followed up for a minimum of two years. Magnetically controlled rods were introduced in a standardized manner with distractions performed three-monthly thereafter. Adverse events which were both related and unrelated to the device were recorded. Ten children, for whom relevant key data points (such as demographic information, growth parameters, Cobb angles, and functional outcomes) were available, were recruited and followed up over the period of the study. There were five boys and five girls. Their mean age was 6.2 years (2.5 to 10). Results The mean coronal Cobb angle improved from 57.6° (40° to 81°) preoperatively, 32.8° (28° to 46°) postoperatively, and 41° (19° to 57°) at two years. Five children had an adverse event, with four requiring return to theatre, but none were related to the device. There were no neurological complications or infections. No devices failed. One child developed a proximal junctional kyphosis. The mean gain in spinal column height from T1 to S1 was 45.4 mm (24 to 81) over the period of the study. Conclusion Magnetically controlled growth rods provide an alternative solution to traditional growing rods in the surgical management of children with early onset scoliosis, supporting growth of the spine while controlling curve progression. Their use has clear psychosocial and economic benefits, with the reduction of the need for repeat surgery as required with traditional growing rods. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:507–15.
Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for proximal humeral reconstruction in children with a primary sarcoma of bone
Authors: Stevenson J. D. , Doxey R. , Abudu A. , Parry M. , Evans S. , Peart F. , Jeys L. 
Published: April 2018

AimsPreserving growth following limb-salvage surgery of the upper limb in children remains a challenge. Vascularized autografts may provide rapid biological incorporation with the potential for growth and longevity. In this study, we aimed to describe the outcomes following proximal humeral reconstruction with a vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer in children with a primary sarcoma of bone. We also aimed to quantify the hypertrophy of the graft and the annual growth, and to determine the functional outcomes of the neoglenofibular joint.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent this procedure for a primary bone tumour of the proximal humerus between 2004 and 2015. Six had Ewing’s sarcoma and five had osteosarcoma. Their mean age at the time of surgery was five years (two to eight). The mean follow-up was 5.2 years (1 to 12.2).ResultsThe overall survival at five and ten years was 91% (confidence interval (CI) 95% 75% to 100%). At the time of the final review, ten patients were alive. One with local recurrence and metastasis died one-year post-operatively. Complications included seven fractures, four transient nerve palsies, and two patients developed avascular necrosis of the graft. All the fractures presented within the first postoperative year and united with conservative management. One patient had two further operations for a slipped fibular epiphysis of the autograft, and a hemi-epiphysiodesis for lateral tibial physeal arrest. Hypertrophy and axial growth were evident in nine patients who did not have avascular necrosis of the graft. The mean hypertrophy index was 65% (55% to 82%), and the mean growth was 4.6 mm per annum (2.4 to 7.6) in these nine grafts. At final follow-up, the mean modified functional Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 77% (63% to 83%) and the mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) was 84% (65% to 94%).ConclusionVascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer preserves function and growth in young children following excision of the proximal humerus for a malignant bone tumour. Function compares favourably to other limb-salvage procedures in children. Longer term analysis is required to determine if this technique proves to be durable into adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:535–41.
A qualitative study of patient experience of an open fracture of the lower limb during acute care
Authors: Tutton E. , Achten J. , Lamb S. E. , Willett K. , Costa M. L. 
Published: April 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the patients’ experience of recovery from open fracture of the lower limb in acute care. Patients and Methods A purposeful sample of 20 participants with a mean age of 40 years (20 to 82) (16 males, four females) were interviewed a mean of 12 days (five to 35) after their first surgical intervention took place between July 2012 and July 2013 in two National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England, United Kingdom. The qualitative interviews drew on phenomenology and analysis identified codes, which were drawn together into categories and themes. Results The findings identify the vulnerability of the patients expressed through three themes; being emotionally fragile, being injured and living with injury. The participants felt a closeness to death and continued uncertainty regarding loss of their limb. They experienced strong emotions while also trying to contain their emotions for the benefit of others. Their sense of self changed as they became a person with visible wounds, needed intimate help, and endured pain. When ready, they imagined what it would be like to live with injury. Conclusion Recovery activities require an increased focus on emotional wellbeing. Surgeons are aware of the need for clinical expertise and for adequate pain relief but may not be as aware that their patients require support regarding their body image and help to imagine their future life. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:522–6.
Dorsal bridge plating or transarticular screws for Lisfranc fracture dislocations
Authors: Kirzner N. , Zotov P. , Goldbloom D. , Curry H. , Bedi H. 
Published: April 2018

Aims The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of bridge plating, screw fixation, and a combination of both methods for the treatment of Lisfranc fracture dislocations. Patients and Methods A total of 108 patients were treated for a Lisfranc fracture dislocation over a period of nine years. Of these, 38 underwent transarticular screw fixation, 45 dorsal bridge plating, and 25 a combination technique. Injuries were assessed preoperatively according to the Myerson classification system. The outcome measures included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, the validated Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) functional tool, and the radiological Wilppula classification of anatomical reduction. Results Significantly better functional outcomes were seen in the bridge plate group. These patients had a mean AOFAS score of 82.5 points, compared with 71.0 for the screw group and 63.3 for the combination group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire score was 25.6 points in the bridge plate group, 38.1 in the screw group, and 45.5 in the combination group (p < 0.001). Functional outcome was dependent on the quality of reduction (p < 0.001). A trend was noted which indicated that plate fixation is associated with a better anatomical reduction (p = 0.06). Myerson types A and C2 significantly predicted a poorer functional outcome, suggesting that total incongruity in either a homolateral or divergent pattern leads to worse outcomes. The greater the number of columns fixed the worse the outcome (p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients treated with dorsal bridge plating have better functional and radiological outcomes than those treated with transarticular screws or a combination technique. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:468–74.
Patients with unilateral transfemoral amputation treated with a percutaneous osseointegrated prosthesis
Authors: Hansson E. , Hagberg K. , Cawson M. , Brodtkorb T. H. 
Published: April 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of treatment with an osseointegrated percutaneous (OI-) prosthesis and a socket-suspended (S-) prosthesis for patients with a transfemoral amputation. Patients and Methods A Markov model was developed to estimate the medical costs and changes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) attributable to treatment of unilateral transfemoral amputation over a projected period of 20 years from a healthcare perspective. Data were collected alongside a prospective clinical study of 51 patients followed for two years. Results OI-prostheses had an incremental cost per QALY gained of €83 374 compared with S-prostheses. The clinical improvement seen with OI-prostheses was reflected in QALYs gained. Results were most sensitive to the utility value for both treatment arms. The impact of an annual decline in utility values of 1%, 2%, and 3%, for patients with S-prostheses resulted in a cost per QALY gained of €37 020, €24 662, and €18 952, respectively, over 20 years. Conclusion From a healthcare perspective, treatment with an OI-prosthesis results in improved quality of life at a relatively high cost compared with that for S-prosthesis. When patients treated with S-prostheses had a decline in quality of life over time, the cost per QALY gained by OI-prosthesis treatment was considerably reduced. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:527–34.
Higher preoperative sensitivity to pain and pain at rest are associated with worse functional outcome after stemless total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Kadum B. , Inngul C. , Ihrman R. , Sjödén G. O. , Sayed-Noor A. S. 
Published: April 2018

AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate any possible relationship between a preoperative sensitivity to pain and the degree of pain at rest and on exertion with postoperative function in patients who underwent stemless total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).Patients and MethodsIn this prospective study, we included 63 patients who underwent stemless TSA and were available for evaluation one year postoperatively. There were 31 women and 32 men; their mean age was 71 years (53 to 89). The pain threshold, which was measured using a Pain Matcher (PM) unit, the degree of pain (visual analogue scale at rest and on exertion, and function using the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), were recorded preoperatively, as well as three and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsWe found an inverse relationship between both the preoperative PM threshold and pain (VAS) at rest and the 12-month postoperative QuickDASH score (Pearson correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.4, p < 0.05). A linear regression analysis showed that the preoperative PM threshold on the affected side and preoperative pain (VAS) at rest were the only factors associated with the QuickDASH score at 12 months.ConclusionThese findings indicate the importance of central sensitization in the restoration of function after TSA. Further studies are required to investigate whether extra analgesia and rehabilitation could influence the outcome in at risk patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:480–4.
Spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Dunn R. N. , Ben Husien M. 
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in many parts of the developing world and is increasingly seen in the developed world due to migration. A total of 1.3 million people die annually from the disease. Spinal TB is the most common musculoskeletal manifestation, affecting about 1 to 2% of all cases of TB. The coexistence of HIV, which is endemic in some regions, adds to the burden and the complexity of management. This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, impact of HIV and both the medical and surgical options in the management of spinal TB. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:425–31.