bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring street art paintings by microspatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Botteon Alessandra , Colombo Chiara , Realini Marco , Bracci Susanna , Magrini Donata , Matousek Pavel , Conti Claudia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicrospatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro‐SORS) is a recently developed analytical technique combining SORS with microscopy. With this method, highly diffusely scattering microlayers such as painted stratigraphies can be noninvasively probed. In this study, we explore micro‐SORS for identifying the chemical composition of subsurface layers in real, street art mural paintings as a new nondestructive method for the characterization of their stratigraphy. Two micro‐SORS variants, defocusing and full micro‐SORS, were tested and compared.
Optical sectioning in multifoci Raman hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Liao Zhiyu , Sinjab Faris , Elsheikha Hany M. , Notingher Ioan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we compared the depth discrimination and speed performance of multifoci Raman hyperspectral imaging with the reference standard of a single laser point confocal Raman mapping. A liquid crystal spatial light modulator was employed for the generation of multifoci laser beams, and a digital micromirror device was used as a software‐configurable reflective pinhole array. The patterns of the laser foci and pinhole array can be rapidly changed without requiring any hardware alterations. Confocal patterns with different distance‐to‐size ratios were tested and compared. After optimization of the laser‐foci pattern, we demonstrated the feasibility of multifoci Raman hyperspectral microscopy for recording depth‐resolved molecular maps of biological cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites). Micrometric depth discrimination and short acquisition times (20 min for single plane confocal image) were achieved.
Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation
Authors: de Medeiros Tiago Tavares Brito , de Azevedo Silva Aderbal M , da Silva André Leandro , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , da Silva Agostini Deuber L , de Oliveira Diego Lomonaco Vasconcelos , Mazzetto Selma E , Kotzebue Lloyd R Viana , Oliveira Jéssica Ribeiro , Souto Gabriella S Barbosa , de Barros Carvalho Ariádne , Netto Antonio J , Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high ureolytic activity of rumen microbiota is a concern when urea is used in ruminant feed, because it leads to fast urea conversion, resulting in possible intoxication and lower nitrogen utilization. This study intended to microencapsulate urea using carnauba wax to obtain slow‐release systems in the rumen. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial, with the urea encapsulated with carnauba wax in ratios of 1 : 2; 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 (UME2; UME3, and UME4) and two particles sizes (small, PS; and large, PL).RESULTSAll formulations showed excellent properties, including inhibition of urea hygroscopicity. The formulation UME2 exhibited the greatest yield (91.6%) and microencapsulation efficiency (99.6%) values, whereas the formulation UME4 presented the greatest thermal stability (259.5 °C) and lowest moisture content (1.81%). The UME2 formulation presented a slower release than the other UME formulations studied.CONCLUSIONThe production of urea microspheres using carnauba wax was successful for all microencapsulated systems developed, evidencing the promising potential for use in ruminant animal diets. The UME2 formulation with large particles is the most recommended because it permitted greater resistance to microbial attack, allowing a slower release of urea into the rumen, reducing the risk of intoxication or ruminal alkalosis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with in situ derivatization coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of 4‐methylimidazole in red ginseng products containing caramel colors
Authors: Lee Jangho , Lee Yunyeol , Nam Tae Gyu , Jang Hae Won 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA rapid analytical method was developed for the determination of 4‐methylimidazole from red ginseng products containing caramel colors by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Chloroform and acetonitrile were selected as the extraction and dispersive solvents, and based on the extraction efficiency, their optimum volumes were 200 and 100 μL, respectively. The optimum volumes of the derivatizing agent (isobutyl chloroformate) and catalyst (pyridine), pH, and concentration of NaCl in the sample solution were determined to be 25 and 100 μL, pH 7.6, and 0% w/v, respectively. Validation of the optimized method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), accuracy (≥89.86%), intra‐ (≤6.70%) and interday (≤4.17%) repeatability, limit of detection (0.96 μg/L), and limit of quantification (5.79 μg/L). The validated method was applied to quantify 4‐methylimidazole in red ginseng juices and concentrates, 4‐methylimidazole was only found in red ginseng juices containing caramel colorant (42.91–2863.4 μg/L) and detected in red ginseng concentrates containing >1% caramel colorant.
Large Phaeodaria in the twilight zone: Their role in the carbon cycle
Authors: Stukel Michael R. , Biard Tristan , Krause Jeffrey , Ohman Mark D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdvances in in situ imaging allow enumeration of abundant populations of large Rhizarians that compose a substantial proportion of total mesozooplankton biovolume. Using a quasi‐Lagrangian sampling scheme, we quantified the abundance, vertical distributions, and sinking‐related mortality of Aulosphaeridae, an abundant family of Phaeodaria in the California Current Ecosystem. Inter‐cruise variability was high, with average concentrations at the depth of maximum abundance ranging from < 10 to > 300 cells m−3, with seasonal and interannual variability associated with temperature‐preferences and regional shoaling of the 10°C isotherm. Vertical profiles showed that these organisms were consistently most abundant at 100–150 m depth. Average turnover times with respect to sinking were 4.7–10.9 d, equating to minimum in situ population growth rates of ~ 0.1–0.2 d−1. Using simultaneous measurements of sinking organic carbon, we find that these organisms could only meet their carbon demand if their carbon : volume ratio were ~ 1 μg C mm−3. This value is substantially lower than previously used in global estimates of rhizarian biomass, but is reasonable for organisms that use large siliceous tests to inflate their cross‐sectional area without a concomitant increase in biomass. We found that Aulosphaeridae alone can intercept > 20% of sinking particles produced in the euphotic zone before these particles reach a depth of 300 m. Our results suggest that the local (and likely global) carbon biomass of Aulosphaeridae, and probably the large Rhizaria overall, needs to be revised downwards, but that these organisms nevertheless play a major role in carbon flux attenuation in the twilight zone.
Contribution of upwelling to air‐sea N2O flux at the tip of the Antarctica Peninsula
Authors: Zhan L. , Chen L. , Zhang J. , Li Y. , Wu M. , Liu J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the 28th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, the seas adjacent to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (TAP), including the Scotia Sea, parts of the Bransfield Strait, and the Powell Basin, were investigated. The results show that the vertical distributions of N2O on both sides of the TAP are similar but that elevated N2O concentrations and corresponding upper circumpolar deep water (CDW) signals in the Scotia Sea are absent from the Powell Basin, where the largest areas of Weddell Sea deep water were observed during this cruise. The average air‐sea N2O flux of the study area is ~ 8.83 ± 3.32 μmol m−2 d−1, suggesting that these waters, while significant, are not an overwhelming source of atmospheric N2O. The results of one dimensional box model indicate that the upwelling of the CDW contributes to the N2O flux north of TAP. The water to the south of the TAP is colder than that to the north of TAP, and the presence of cold winter water in the south tends to keep the N2O‐rich Weddell Deep Water from upwelling to the surface. CDW, enriched in N2O, was observed to upwell toward the surface layers resulting in oversaturation and outgassing to the atmosphere in waters north of TAP. In contrast, waters to the south which were dominated by cold winter water were generally in equilibrium with the atmosphere.
Study on geometric contact model of elastohydrodynamic lubrication of arbitrary intersecting line gear
Authors: Chen Yangzhi , Chen Hanfei , Lyu Yueling , Zhu Anshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering the tribology design theory of arbitrary intersecting line gear (AILG) is still a blank, the equivalent ellipsoid model of contact area of the AILG pair was built and then improved by 3 modification methods of line teeth profile. Based on the improved model, semiquantitative analyses of the relationship between the parameters of the AILG and the ratio of principal curvature radii of equivalent ellipsoid Rx/Ry were presented, and design criteria for the parameters of AILG based on elastohydrodynamic (EHL) point contact model were proposed. The results of the theoretical calculation and the optical EHL experiment proved that the modifications of teeth profile and the parameters design criteria for the AILG are conducive to improving its EHL performance.
Combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling
Authors: Okell Thomas W. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of a novel noninvasive MRI technique for the comprehensive evaluation of blood flow to the brain: combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling (CAPRIA).MethodsIn the CAPRIA pulse sequence, blood labeled with a pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling pulse train is continuously imaged as it flows through the arterial tree and into the brain tissue using a golden ratio radial readout. From a single raw data set, this flexible imaging approach allows the reconstruction of both high spatial/temporal resolution angiographic images with a high undersampling factor and low spatial/temporal resolution perfusion images with a low undersampling factor. The sparse and high SNR nature of angiographic images ensures that radial undersampling artifacts are relatively benign, even when using a simple regridding image reconstruction. Pulse sequence parameters were optimized through sampling efficiency calculations and the numerical evaluation of modified pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling signal models. A comparison was made against conventional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling angiographic and perfusion acquisitions.Results2D CAPRIA data in healthy volunteers demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, with good vessel visualization in the angiographic images and clear tissue perfusion signal when reconstructed at 108‐ms and 252‐ms temporal resolution, respectively. Images were qualitatively similar to those from conventional acquisitions, but CAPRIA had significantly higher SNR efficiency (48% improvement on average, P = 0.02).ConclusionThe CAPRIA technique shows potential for the efficient evaluation of both macrovascular blood flow and tissue perfusion within a single scan, with potential applications in a range of cerebrovascular diseases.
Sarcomeric disorganization and nemaline bodies in muscle biopsies of patients with EXOSC3‐related type 1 pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Pinto Miguel M. , Monges Soledad , Malfatti Edoardo , Lubieniecki Fabiana , Lornage Xavière , Alias Laura , Labasse Clémence , Madelaine Angéline , Fardeau Michel , Laporte Jocelyn , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Romero Norma B. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionMutations in the EXOSC3 gene are responsible for type 1 pontocerebellar hypoplasia, an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy, developmental delay, and anterior horn motor neuron degeneration. Muscle biopsies of these patients often show characteristics resembling classic spinal muscle atrophy, but to date, no distinct features have been identified.MethodsClinical data and muscle biopsy findings of 3 unrelated patients with EXOSC3 mutations are described.ResultsAll patients presented as a severe congenital cognitive and neuromuscular phenotype with short survival, harboring the same point mutation (c.92G>C; p.Gly31Ala). Muscle biopsies consistently showed variable degrees of sarcomeric disorganization with myofibrillar remnants, Z‐line thickening, and small nemaline bodies.ConclusionsIn this uniform genetic cohort of patients with EXOSC3 mutations, sarcomeric disruption and rod structures were prominent features of muscle biopsies. In the context of neonatal hypotonia, ultrastructural studies might provide early clues for the diagnosis of EXOSC3‐related pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Muscle Nerve 59:137–141, 2019
Interaction of a cylindrical thin‐walled pile with an inhomogeneous isotropic elastic medium
Authors: Shahmohamadi M. , Khojasteh A. , Rahimian M. , Pak R. Y. S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a rigorous analysis for the static interaction of a cylindrical thin‐walled pile with an inhomogeneous isotropic elastic half‐space under vertical, horizontal, and torsional forces individually applied at the top of pile. The inhomogeneity is specified with the exponential variation of shear modulus along depth of the embedding medium, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. By means of a set of Green's functions for pile and soil medium and satisfying the compatibility conditions between the 2 interacting media, the formulation is reduced to coupled Fredholm integral equations. Using the adaptive‐gradient elements, capable of capturing the singular stress transfer at both ends of the pile, a numerical procedure is developed and utilized for evaluating the relevant integral equations and studying the inhomogeneity effect on the soil‐pile interaction responses. The analysis results have been validated for different soil‐pile modulus ratios under axial load and for a Poisson's ratio of 0.3 under lateral load. The procedure does not consider the nonlinear behavior of the soil medium or plastic yielding in the pile section, and the impact of the unreliable results for the case of high Poisson's ratio is not examined.
Does sacrocolpopexy present heterogeneity in its surgical technique? A systematic review
Authors: Moroni Rafael M. , Juliato Cassia R. T. , Cosson Michel , Giraudet Geraldine , Brito Luiz G. O. 
Published: July 2018

AimsSacrocolpopexy (SCP) is an extensively studied and highly efficacious treatment for female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We aimed to analyze the technical steps for performance of a SCP among all RCTs in the literature that compared it with different procedures, or that studied different routes for performing SCP.MethodsSystematic review searching electronic databases for RCTs only. We extracted data for 13 points of interest; main outcomes were procedure standardization; depth of vaginal dissection; number of sutures in the vaginal wall; type of suture in the vaginal wall; type of mesh fixation to the sacrum; and type and shape of mesh used.ResultsTwenty‐two RCTs were included. Most of them did not provide a full standardized description of the procedure steps. There was great heterogeneity in almost all steps of the operation, including the choice of materials for attaching the mesh to the vagina and sacrum—with both absorbable and non‐absorbable sutures being used—and the extent of vaginal dissection for mesh fixation, with some studies dissecting only the apex, superficially, while others performed a full‐length dissection. Choice of mesh material was more consensual, with polypropylene mesh being the most commonly used.ConclusionsSCP is a highly unstandardized procedure in the literature, albeit being used as a major comparator. Various RCTs compared alternative procedures with SCP, but the technical aspects have varied greatly, and studied outcomes could have been potentially influenced by these technical choices.
Employees' provident fund organization: Empowering members by digital transformation
Authors: Narasimhan Ravichandran , Vazhayil Joy P. , Narayanaswami Sundaravalli 
Published: July 2018

Employees' Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) was established by the Government of India with the purpose of ensuring financial and social security for industrial workers and their dependents. With more than 150 million accounts of its members, EPFO is the world's largest social security organization. Operational processes of EPFO were riddled with over emphasis on rules and regulations but were weak on transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. Consequently, the primary purpose of social security of industrial employees was compromised. Business process reengineering combined with adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and social media brought a sea change to the functioning of EPFO. This paper documents the transformation of EPFO from a bureaucratic, opaque organization to a customer‐centric, stakeholder‐friendly, transparent, and accountable organization.
Volatile compounds in different parts of the fruit Psidium guajava L. cv. “Media China” identified at distinct phenological stages using HS‐SPME‐GC‐QTOF/MS
Authors: Elizalde‐González María P. , Segura‐Rivera Erika J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionDetermination of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by immature fruits furthers our understanding of plant–pest interactions and by fruits in a ripe state concerns food quality.ObjectivesTo apply headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐QTOF/MS) to compare the volatiles emitted by different parts of guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. “Media China”) at different maturation stages.MethodologyHS‐SPME combined with GC‐QTOF/MS was used to characterise the VOCs of entire guavas in the orchard and under laboratory conditions. For chemical analysis X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, refractometry, titration, complexometry, diode array detector high‐performance liquid chromatography (DAD‐HPLC) and refractive index detector (RI)‐HPLC were used.ResultsThe guava variety was rich in potassium and poor in sodium. A total of 44 VOCs were identified in different phenological stages and parts of the fruits. Release of VOCs was influenced by the temperature in the plantation, and transformation of innate fruit VOCs started immediately after cutting.ConclusionThe most abundant VOC released by the immature fruit in the plantation overnight was (S)‐limonene, and it concentrated in the outer skin (pericarp). The esters ethyl benzoate, ethyl octanoate, butyl‐2‐methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate, and ethyl butanoate were emitted by ripe whole fruits. During ripening ethyl benzoate reached a maximum production after three to five days, while the formation of the aldehydes benzaldehyde, hexanal and trans‐2‐hexen‐1‐al started thereafter.
Comparison of privacy‐protecting analytic and data‐sharing methods: A simulation study
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Gruber Susan , Fireman Bruce H. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposePrivacy‐protecting analytic and data‐sharing methods that minimize the disclosure risk of sensitive information are increasingly important due to the growing interest in utilizing data across multiple sources. We conducted a simulation study to examine how avoiding sharing individual‐level data in a distributed data network can affect analytic results.MethodsThe base scenario had four sites of varying sizes with 5% outcome incidence, 50% treatment prevalence, and seven confounders. We varied treatment prevalence, outcome incidence, treatment effect, site size, number of sites, and covariate distribution. Confounding adjustment was conducted using propensity score or disease risk score. We compared analyses of three types of aggregate‐level data requested from sites: risk‐set, summary‐table, or effect‐estimate data (meta‐analysis) with benchmark results of analysis of pooled individual‐level data. We assessed bias and precision of hazard ratio estimates as well as the accuracy of standard error estimates.ResultsAll the aggregate‐level data‐sharing approaches, regardless of confounding adjustment methods, successfully approximated pooled individual‐level data analysis in most simulation scenarios. Meta‐analysis showed minor bias when using inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) in infrequent exposure (5%), rare outcome (0.01%), and small site (5,000 patients) settings. SE estimates became less accurate for IPTW risk‐set approach with less frequent exposure and for propensity score‐matching meta‐analysis approach with rare outcomes.ConclusionsOverall, we found that we can avoid sharing individual‐level data and obtain valid results in many settings, although care must be taken with meta‐analysis approach in infrequent exposure and rare outcome scenarios, particularly when confounding adjustment is performed with IPTW.
Validation studies of claims data in the Asia‐Pacific region: A comprehensive review
Authors: Koram Nana , Delgado Megan , Stark James H. , Setoguchi Soko , de Luise Cynthia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe published validation studies of administrative health care claims data in the Asia‐Pacific region.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed for English language articles published through 31‐Oct‐2017 in humans from 10 Asian‐Pacific countries or regions (Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, India, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) that validated claims‐based diagnoses with a gold standard data source. Search terms included the: validation, validity, accuracy, sensitivity, agreement, specificity, positive predictive value, kappa, kappa coefficient, and Cohen's kappa.ResultsForty‐three studies across six countries were identified: Australia (21); Japan (6); South Korea (6); Taiwan (7); Singapore (2); and New Zealand (1). Gold standard diagnoses were obtained from: medical records (18); registry data (11); self‐reported questionnaires (5); and other data sources (9). Validity measures used included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (12); sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (4); sensitivity and specificity (4); sensitivity and positive predictive value (4); and combinations of other measures (19). Validated outcomes included medical conditions (28); disease‐specific comorbidities (8); death, smoking, and other (ie, injury, hospital outcome measures) (5); medication/transfusion (2). Approximately 72% of the studies were published within the last 5 years.ConclusionsValidation studies of claims data published in the English language in the Asia‐Pacific region are very limited. Given the increased reliance on administrative health care databases for pharmacoepidemiology and the need for ensuring the credibility of results from such data, additional support for the conduct of validation research of claims data in the Asia‐Pacific region is needed.