bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bildungsengagement in Deutschland: Umfang und Formen des freiwilligen Engagements für Bildung
Authors: Rößler-Prokhorenko Charlotte , Priemer Jana , Hutter Swen 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland engagieren sich rund 29 Millionen Menschen freiwillig. Obwohl freiwilliges Engagement generell politisch anerkannt ist, findet der Beitrag der Engagierten zu Bildung und lebenslangem Lernen bisher kaum Beachtung. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür sind fehlende systematische Daten. Um dieses Bildungsengagement sichtbar zu machen, haben wir ein Befragungsinstrument entwickelt und in einer Umfrage mit 3000 Personen getestet. Der Beitrag präsentiert zentrale Ergebnisse zur starken Verbreitung und Besonderheiten dieser Engagementform.
Zivilgesellschaftliche Bildungsakteure als Kooperationspartner vor Ort
Authors: Sohrabi Sara , Süß Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement findet dort statt, wo Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene leben. Deshalb fällt dem kommunalen Raum und der kommunalen Bildungssteuerung eine besondere Bedeutung zu, wenn das Potential des zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildungsengagements ausgeschöpft werden will. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Perspektive und die Erkenntnisse der zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildungsakteure vor Ort in den Blick. Basierend auf Fokusgruppeninterviews mit zivilgesellschaftlich Engagierten werden die Motive, Bedingungen und Gelingensfaktoren für Kooperationen vor Ort aufgeschlüsselt. Dabei wird der Sozialraum als der Gestaltungsraum betrachtet und Kooperation als Strukturmerkmal des Engagements verstanden, an das sich für die Entwicklung kommunaler Bildungslandschaften wirkungsvoll anknüpfen lässt.
Zusammen ganz anders? Zu den Verhältnissen zwischen ganztätiger Bildung und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Steiner Christine , Kanamüller Alexander , Langner Ronald 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Beim bundesweiten Ausbau von Ganztagsschulen haben zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen, aber auch zahllose Ehrenamtliche, gezeigt, welches pädagogische Potenzial in ihnen steckt. Gleichzeitig haben die Herausforderungen im deutschen Bildungssystem in den letzten Jahren eher zu- als abgenommen. Die Folgen der Corona-Pandemie spiegeln sich nach wie vor in den Leistungen der Schüler:innen wider. Geflüchtete Kinder und Jugendliche brauchen weiterhin wirksame Unterstützung. Gleichzeitig fehlt es an Lehrkräften und Erzieher:innen. Vor diesem Hintergrund prüft der Beitrag die aktuellen Erfahrungen und Entwicklungen auf ihre Tragfähigkeit. Angesichts der geringen strukturellen Verankerung von Partnerschaften im Bildungsbereich plädiert der Artikel für gezielte Investitionen in bewährte Praktiken.
Ungleiche Übergänge in Ausbildung und Beruf – ein Problem der Governance?
Authors: Euler Dieter 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Seit vielen Jahren gelingt es einer bedeutenden Zahl an Schulabgänger:innen nicht oder nur mit deutlicher Verzögerung, eine berufliche Ausbildung aufzunehmen. Besonders betroffen sind dabei Jugendliche mit einem niedrigen Schulabschluss und/oder einem Migrationshintergrund. Der beruflichen Bildung gelingt es nur begrenzt, das Ziel einer sozialen Integration zu erreichen und allen Jugendlichen den Weg zu einem Berufsabschluss zu ermöglichen.
Trotz umfangreicher Fördermaßnahmen haben sich die Übergangsprozesse in den vergangenen Jahren nicht verbessert. Es wird untersucht, welchen Beitrag die Governance der beruflichen Bildung an dieser unzulänglichen Situation besitzt. Es wird deutlich, dass über die Ausprägung und Wirkungsweise der Governance in der beruflichen Bildung erst wenige Erkenntnisse vorliegen und grundlegende Forschungsaktivitäten notwendig sind. Zugleich untersucht der Beitrag das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement, das im Hinblick auf die Integration von Jugendlichen in eine Berufsausbildung erkennbar ist. Neben Einzelbeispielen zeigen sich Potenziale, die für die Integration von Jugendlichen in Ausbildung und Beruf verstärkt genutzt werden können.
Die Zivilgesellschaft in kommunalen Bildungslandschaften
Authors: Süß Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Genese kommunaler Bildungslandschaften, verstanden als das systematische, vernetzte Handeln aller Bildungsakteure vor Ort. Es wird dargestellt, wie kommunale Bildungslandschaften unter gleichwertiger Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft als Bildungsakteur zum Wandel eines staatlich gelenkten Bildungssystems und zu kompetenzorientierten Bildungsbiographien beitragen können.
Die neue Rolle der vernetzten Zivilgesellschaft im Bildungssystem
Authors: Kösters Philip , Kraemer Matthias , Volz Ute 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen wollen in der nötigen umfassenden Reform des deutschen Bildungssystems Verantwortung übernehmen. Sie sind so gut vernetzt wie nie und bereit, mitgedacht und eingebunden zu werden. Der Beitrag beschreibt das Potenzial, das hierbei im Miteinander von Politik und Zivilgesellschaft liegt und beleuchtet die neue Rolle der vernetzten Zivilgesellschaft am Beispiel des Bundesverband Innovative Bildung, des Bundesverband soziales Mentoring und der Eleven Gemeinschaft.
Reflections on Kant on Reflections
Authors: Sutherland Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper revisits Kant’s 1768 incongruent counterpart argument that space is absolute. Most commentators today dismiss Kant’s argument as begging the question against the relationalist. I argue that this dismissal is too quick, and that we have something to learn by considering what might have led him to argue as he does. My focus is on the role of geometrical intuitions and the extent to which they can provide defeasible warrant for claims about space. By “geometrical intuitions” I mean both the geometrical intuitions of spatial figures in imagination as well as the claims that seem to directly follow from them. My focus includes uncovering the metaphysical assumptions that are implicated in those geometrical intuitions. Whether or not Kant’s argument ultimately succeeds, the role of geometrical intuitions is worth exploring. Moreover, Kant appeals to geometrical intuitions, and any adequate interpretation of Kant will have to take them into account.
Magnitude, Matter, and Kant’s Principle of Mechanism
Authors: Wells Aaron 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For Kant, inquiry into nature requires seeking to explain all material wholes merely mechanically, in terms of their parts. There is no consensus on how he justifies this Principle of Mechanism. I argue that Kant seeks to derive this claim about part and wholes neither from his laws of mechanics, nor from the mere discursivity of our understanding (two standard options in the literature), but instead from a priori principles laid out in the first Critique, which govern parts, wholes, and magnitudes. These principles are also fundamental to Kant’s account of mathematics. Therefore, Kant’s Principle of Mechanism and his philosophy of mathematics have common foundations.
The Impossible Biangle and the Possibility of Geometry
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Kant repeatedly uses the biangle as an example of an impossible figure. In this paper, I offer an account of these passages and their significance for the possibility of geometry as a science. According to Kant, the constructibility of the biangle would signal the failure of geometry. Whereas Wolff derives the no-biangle proposition from the axiom that between two points there can be only one straight line, Kant gives it axiomatic status as a synthetic a priori principle possessing immediate certainty. Because we are unable to generate a schema for the biangle, the failure of the attempt to construct it is intuitively clear. The parallel between mathematical and empirical concepts is instructive because both involve the synthesis of disparate intuitions into a unity. We do not, strictly speaking, even possess a well-formed concept of the biangle, because its representation cannot fulfill certain basic requirements of concept formation.
Cytogenetic data from remote areas of Amazon: new karyotypes for spiny rats (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Authors: Moreira Camila do Nascimento , Dalapicolla Jeronymo , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Martins Cesar , Percequillo Alexandre Reis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cytogenetics contributed to our knowledge about the diversity of a wide range of species. In this report, we present the karyotype of 28 specimens of 10 species distributed in four genera of family Echimyidae, collected in the Amazonian Forest. These rodents are between the most diverse groups of the Neotropical region and highlights the importance of obtaining chromosome suspension in field conditions. Several of these karyotypes (Makalata sp. 2n = 68, FNa = 100 or 102; Mesomys sp. 1, 2n = 62, FNa = 73 or 75; Mesomys sp. 2, 2n = 62, FNa = 76 or 78; and Mesomys sp. 3, 2n = 62 and FNa = 64 or 66) differ from those previously reported, suggesting that the cytogenetic diversity of Neotropical rodents is far from being properly described and understood.
Speed controller design for turboshaft engine using a high-fidelity AeroThermal model
Authors: Yazar Isil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the main objectives of this research is to construct a high-fidelity aerothermal model for controlling the turboshaft engine power turbine rotational speed. Firstly, a high-fidelity aerothermal model of General Electric T700 is formed. The turboshaft engine aerothermal model is simulated and compared to engine design point data on MATLAB/Simulink environment. Thermodynamic equations and some algebraic equations are used. In predicting compressor mass flow rate, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system method is preferred. A propeller model is also added to the turbo shaft engine aerothermal model and to keep the power turbine rotational speed at a constant value, a Proportional Integral Derivative controller is designed and applied. Open-loop and closed-loop simulations are conducted and successful outcomes are achieved. Results indicate that the differences between simulation and actual engine data are within acceptable limits. The suggested model can be readily updated and expanded to control additional parameters of the engine.

PACS 2010 Classification: Control theory in mathematical physics, 02.30. Yy, Computer modeling and simulation, 07.05.Tp, 05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state.
Caspase-9 and p53 Protein Levels in Cancer Patients after Different Anesthesia Techniques
Authors: Soloviev A. O. , Dolgikh V. T. , Novichkova O. N. , Govorova N. V. 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in caspase-9 and p53 levels as biomarkers of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in the early postoperative period in patients who underwent lung surgery for malig-nant tumors under different types of multimodal or inhalation-intravenous anesthesia. Material and Methods. A single-center prospective study of 22 patients aged 45–64 years was conducted at the Omsk Clinical Oncology Early Treatment and Prevention Center from January to April 2020. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 patients received multimodal anesthesia, which included sympathetic nerve block and prolonged epidural analgesia in the postoperative period. Group 2 patients received inhalational and intravenous anesthesia followed by systemic morphine analgesia. Serum caspase-9 and p53 protein levels were measured at four time points: before anesthesia, one, twelve, and twenty-four hours after surgery. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric (rank) analysis methods. Friedman's ANOVA was used to compare multiple time points, while the Wilcoxon test was used to compare variables between two time points in dependent samples. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences between groups in independent samples. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results are expressed as median ± half interquartile range (Me ± (LQ – UQ) / 2). Results. At time point 2, caspase-9 levels were significantly higher in group 2 patients than in group 1 (P = 0.045). There were no significant differences between the groups at any other time points. Conclusion. The lack of a significant difference in serum levels of caspase-9 and p53 protein at most time points between the groups demonstrates the efficacy of the anesthesia and analgesia methods used. Mean-while, a significantly higher level of caspase-9 one hour after surgery demonstrates a greater susceptibility of patients without sympathetic blockade to activation of the apoptotic cell death program.
ПУБЛІЧНИЙ ДОГОВІР (ОФЕРТА): ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАКТИКИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ У СФЕРІ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: МИРОСЛАВСЬКИЙ Cергій 
Published: November 2024

Визначено поняття публічного договору (оферти) на основі норм законодавства і порівняльно-правового аналізу наукових публікацій українських учених. Досліджено ключові сфери застосування договорів у різних секторах господарської діяльності. Розглянуто загальні проблеми, включно з проблемою відсутності публічних договорів (оферти) на вебсайтах суб’єктів господарювання. Виявлено, що публічні договори (оферти) мають на меті стандартизувати процес укладення угод між контрагентами. Запропоновано Порядок інформування клієнта / споживача про умови публічного договору (оферти) та зміни до нього, а також основні умови, яким має відповідати публічний договір (оферта): предмет договору, умови оплати та ціноутворення, політика доставки та повернення (за умови комерційної складової відносин між контрагентами), права та обов’язки сторін, правила використання, механізми вирішення спорів, застосовне законодавство та юрисдикція, погодження умов договору та права на внесення змін до нього.
Kanały zakupu żywności a poziom jej marnotrawstwa w opinii studentów
Authors: Tereba Karolina , Topczewska Jadwiga , Purcha Gabriela , Koziara Ewelina 
Published: November 2024

Celem pracy było określenie kanałów zakupu żywności i poziomu jej marnotrawstwa wśród studentów. Badania miały charakter autorskiej ankiety. Łącznie uzyskano 199 kompletnych odpowiedzi. Analiza uzyskanych odpowiedzi pozwala na stwierdzenie, że zakupy dokonywane były głównie stacjonarnie. Nabiał był najczęściej kupowaną kategorią produktów (tak odpowiedziało ponad 40% respondentów niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania, około 50% osób niezależnie od wieku, i blisko 50% ankietowanych niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania podczas studiowania). Respondenci w znacznym stopniu wykorzystywali zakupioną żywność (na poziomie od 50 do 74,1%). Marnotrawstwo żywności dotyczyło tej kupowanej stacjonarnie. Edukacja w zakresie świadomych wyborów zakupowych jest kluczowa w aspekcie działań na rzecz ograniczania i spowalniania zużycia zasobów przyrodniczych.
Produkcja materiałów kompozytowych (WPC) jako czynnik sprzyjający retardacji przekształcania zasobów przyrody
Authors: Żołnowski Andrzej C. 
Published: November 2024

W pracy przedstawiono problematykę produkcji materiałów kompozytowych z odpadowych tworzyw sztucznych z wypełnieniem organicznym. W świetle stale rosnącej konsumpcji tworzyw sztucznych rośnie wielkość zużycia surowców, w tym głównie ropy naftowej. Jednocześnie wzrasta masa odpadów tworzywowych poprodukcyjnych, jak i tych, które znajdują się w strumieniu odpadów komunalnych, zbieranych zarówno w sposób selektywny jak i zmieszanych. Odpady te mogą być zagospodarowane jako materiały pozwalające chronić zasoby naturalne (ropę naftową, drewno jak i minerały kopalne). W pracy skupiono się na możliwościach przerobu odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych na granulat „wood plastics composite” (WPC). Na podstawie dostępnych danych oceniono potencjał Warmii i Mazur, pod względem dostępności odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych oraz odpadów z przemysłu drzewnego. Na tej podstawie stworzono uproszczony projekt inwestycyjny, którego zadaniem była ocena opłacalność produkcji materiału kompozytowego. Oprócz oceny finansowej dokonano także szacunku zasobów, które w świetle projektowanej inwestycji, mogłyby być ochronione.
Baseline Diastolic BP and BP-Lowering Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Sarwal Amara , Boucher Robert E. , Hartsell Sydney E. , Wei Guo , Shen Jincheng , Chertow Glenn M. , Whelton Paul K. , Cheung Alfred K. , McEvoy John William , Greene Tom , Beddhu Srinivasan 
Published: November 2024

Key Points

There is concern that lowering systolic BP in persons with low diastolic BP could be harmful.In this meta-analysis of five large BP-lowering trials, BP interventions reduced the risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.However, there was no evidence that low baseline diastolic BP modified these beneficial effects of BP-lowering interventions.

Background
Lowering BP in persons with low diastolic BP could be harmful. Hence, we examined whether baseline diastolic BP modifies the effects of BP lowering on clinical outcomes in a meta-analysis of five large BP-lowering trials.

Methods
In a study-level meta-analysis on the basis of individual participant data of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT; N=9361), the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD; N=2362), the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3; N=3020), the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK; N=1094), and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD; N=840) studies, we used DerSimonian–Laird random-effects models to examine the dependence of the effect of the BP-lowering intervention on baseline diastolic BP for cardiovascular, all-cause mortality, and kidney outcomes.

Results
The mean baseline age was 65±10 years. Mean baseline systolic and diastolic BP were 141±17 and 79±12 mm Hg, respectively. More intensive BP control resulted in lower risk of composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.87) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 0.99) without evidence that the BP intervention effects differed by level of baseline diastolic BP (interaction P = 0.76 for cardiovascular composite and 0.85 for all-cause mortality). The mean baseline diastolic BP in the lowest and upper three quartiles of baseline diastolic BP were 65±6 and 84±9 mm Hg, respectively, but the effects of the BP interventions on the outcomes were similar in both groups. Furthermore, there was no evidence of interaction of the BP intervention and baseline diastolic BP for kidney outcomes.

Conclusions
Within the included diastolic BP range, there was no evidence that baseline diastolic BP modified the beneficial effects of intensive BP lowering.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC COATING BASED ON POLYOLEFINS
Authors: Latypov Oleg R. , Yamshchikova Svetlana A. , Antonov Anton V. , Daminev Rustem R. , Latypova Dina R. , Turkin Ivan S. , Bondar Mikhail A. , Israfilov Eldar I. 
Published: November 2024

The article presents an analysis of the results of physical and mechanical tests of thermoplastic coating samples after exposure to corrosive solutions. To obtain a thermoplastic coating, powder polymer paint of two original compositions was used. According to the results of the experiments conducted to study the change in the strength of the thermoplastic coating material based on polyolefins after its exposure to corrosive solutions, it is received that the decrease in the tensile strength is no more than 5 %. This is quite a good result, and is a background for their use on the metal surface of oil and gas equipment operating in corrosive mediums.
Microbiology Test Results for White Edible Birds Nest with Fecal Contamination
Authors: Ningrum Siti Gusti , Ardiansyah Ferdi Nur , Pratama Hendra Aditiya , Erawati Hardika Dewi , Sari Dian Ayu Kartika 
Published: November 2024

Background: Southeast Asia's edible bird nest industry, particularly in Indonesia, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Indonesia stands as the world's leading exporter of edible bird nests. However, concerns persist regarding the quality of edible bird nests produced in the country, specifically to do with meeting quality standards by ensuring freedom from microbial contaminants that can lead to foodborne illnesses. Purpose: To evaluate the microbiological contamination of cleaned edible bird nests sourced from Java Island, Indonesia. Cases(s): Yellow-brown discoloration of edible bird nests collected from bird houses of Javan origin. Case Management: Fifty samples of raw white edible bird’s nest samples (cup-shaped) with yellow-brown discoloration (n=25) originating from Java Island and raw white edible bird’s nest samples (cup-shaped) (n=25) were collected aseptically from the edible bird’s nest warehouses in Surabaya. These samples of edible nests from Java Island were subjected to microbiological analysis. The findings revealed a disconcerting trend, with 25 samples from Java Island exhibiting contamination by Escherichia coli (40%) and coliform bacteria (100%), surpassing established contamination thresholds. Conclusion: This raises critical concerns about the safety and quality of edible bird nests from the region, highlighting the need for enhanced production and processing practices, as well as rigorous quality control measures to ensure consumer safety and to maintain the industry's reputation on a global scale. Addressing these issues is imperative not only to safeguard public health but also to sustain and further develop the lucrative edible bird nest industry in Indonesia.
How does a phosphorus reduction affect microcystin concentrations? Evidence from field observations
Authors: Schampera Charlotte , Merder Julian , Niemeyer Thomas , Pries Julia , Hellweger Ferdi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Cyanobacterial harmful algae blooms (e.g. those of Microcystis) and their toxins (e.g. microcystins - MCs) threaten the safe use of lakes for drinking and recreation and this hazard is expected to increase in a warming climate. This is an urgent environmental problem, but there is no scientific consensus about the best management approach. Reducing inputs of the growth-limiting nutrient phosphorous can be successful in decreasing cyanobacterial biomass but the effect on toxin concentrations is unclear. Evidence from laboratory data and models suggests toxin concentrations may even increase. What has been missing is field data to support or refute this hypothesis. Here, we present two analyses of the National Lakes Assessment (NLA) dataset. The first focuses on changes in MC concentration within individual lakes across time. In the second analysis, we applied Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) across all lakes and time points. Both analyses show that when phosphorus only is reduced, Chlorophyll a decreases but MC concentration increases. A dual reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus, however, results in a decrease of biomass and toxins. This supports a management approach of dual nutrient reduction.