bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple‐Wavelet Coherence of World's Large Rivers With Meteorological Factors and Ocean Signals
Authors: Su Lu , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Lei Xiaohui , Li Hu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStreamflow is controlled by multiple factors concurrently. However, the multivariate relationship between global streamflow and meteorological factors/ocean signals is rarely explored at different temporal scales. Determining a suite of factors that explain most of the variations in global streamflow at multiple scales will be of great significance for water‐resource management and prediction. Temporally dependent multivariate relationships between streamflow and meteorological factors/ocean signals in 16 of the world's large rivers were identified using wavelet transform coherence and multiple‐wavelet coherence. Prior to that, the continuous wavelet transform was used to detect temporal patterns in streamflow. The continuous wavelet transform results showed that significant annual oscillations occurred in all streamflow series over the study period, either with continuous annual periodicity or with intermittent breaks. Oscillations with periodicities of around 4 to 6 months were also found in many rivers. A comparison of the results from the wavelet transform coherence and multiple‐wavelet coherence analyses indicated that streamflow variation could be best explained by one, two, or three meteorological factors. The combination of factors that best explained streamflow variations differed among the rivers, although total precipitation (PRE) or the number of rainy days (WET) either alone or in combination was a dominant factor for all rivers. The most common best predictor was PRE or/and WET combined with potential evapotranspiration. The differences in best predictor were due to differences in latitude, radiation forcing, terrain, vegetation coverage, hydrological processes, and so forth.
Highly Oxidizing Aqueous Environments on Early Mars Inferred From Scavenging Pattern of Trace Metals on Manganese Oxides
Authors: Noda Natsumi , Imamura Shoko , Sekine Yasuhito , Kurisu Minako , Fukushi Keisuke , Terada Naoki , Uesugi Soichiro , Numako Chiya , Takahashi Yoshio , Hartmann Jens 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Curiosity and Opportunity rovers have found depositions of manganese (Mn) (hydr)oxides within the veins of the sedimentary rocks at Gale and Endeavour craters. Since Mn is a redox sensitive element, revealing the chemical form of the Mn (hydr)oxide provides unique information on the redox state of the near‐surface/groundwater at the time of deposition. Here we report results of laboratory experiments that investigated scavenging patterns of trace metals (zinc, nickel, and chromium) on different Mn (hydr)oxides in order to constrain the chemical form of the Mn precipitates found on Mars. Our results show manganese dioxide (MnO2) scavenges zinc and nickel effectively but not for chromium. The agreement of this scavenging pattern with the observations strongly suggests that the Mn (hydr)oxides found on Mars are highly likely to be MnO2. To form MnO2, oxidizing aqueous environments are required (e.g., Eh > 0.5 V at pH ~ 8). The candidates of the oxidant include molecular oxygen, ozone, nitrates, and perchlorate acids; all of which are considered to be produced by photochemical processes. The presence of MnO2 veins in sediments suggests that such atmospheric high‐Eh oxidants may have been supplied to the subsurface, possibly through hydrological cycles activated by transient warming.
Disentangling and Parameterizing Shallow Sources of Subsidence: Application to a Reclaimed Coastal Area, Flevoland, the Netherlands
Authors: Fokker Peter A. , Gunnink Jan L. , Koster Kay , de Lange Ger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe natural surface area of many coastal and delta plains has been increased by land reclamation in response to growing populations. These reclaimed lands are often experiencing subsidence. The reclaimed South Flevopolder in the coastal plain of the Netherlands has experienced severe subsidence after its reclamation in 1968. The subsidence is caused by phreatic groundwater level lowering and the associated aeration of the former subaqueous shallow subsurface and increased effective stresses. In this study, surface elevation measurements that quantify the subsidence, conducted annually between 1968 and 1993, and in 2009 and 2012, have been used to constrain and estimate the parameters in models that describe subsidence. For the estimation an Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation was employed. For the forward models, we employed correlations for compression (primary consolidation and creep), oxidation, and shrinkage of coastal deposits. Shrinkage of the aerated clay and organic clay layers was found to be the main contributor to subsidence, and the measurements could be represented well. The quantification of the model parameters allows for better subsidence forecasts. The stochastic method that was employed further facilitates to define a quality measure for forecasts in terms of a covariance matrix or a confidence range.
On the Dynamics of Two‐Component Convective Dissolution in Porous Media
Authors: Jafari Raad Seyed Mostafa , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Ennis‐King Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe studied the influence of the diffusion contrast between species on the dynamics of Rayleigh‐Bénard (RB) convection in porous media. The onset time of buoyancy‐driven instabilities and convective dissolution flux was quantified using linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations. The parametric analysis indicates eight distinct instability regions. Different stability mechanisms were characterized over the given range of diffusivity and relative buoyancy ratios. In particular, transition from instabilities solely by double diffusion to RB convection was identified using linear stability analysis and confirmed using nonlinear simulations. The parametric analysis on the onset also indicates that double diffusion has a potential to accelerate or slow down the RB convection depending on the solutes diffusion contrast. This study provides new insight into the effect of diffusion contrast and can be used to develop strategies for acceleration and deceleration of buoyancy‐driven instabilities.
Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Tien Shan Orogenic Belt From Full‐Wave Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Lü Ziqiang , Gao Haiying , Lei Jianshe , Yang Xiaotao , Rathnayaka Sampath , Li Cong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn order to have a better understanding of the lithosphere formation and modification of the Tien Shan orogenic belt, we construct a well‐defined shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle with full‐wave ambient noise tomographic method. High‐quality empirical Green's functions at periods of 7–200 s are extracted from the cross correlation of the vertical component of continuous seismic data at 108 stations during 2012–2014. Our tomographic results show remarkable velocity variations between and within the major tectonic units from the crust down to the upper mantle. We observe very slow upper crust beneath the Tarim and Junggar sedimentary basins. The interior of the Tarim Basin shows strong seismic heterogeneities. The high‐velocity mantle lithosphere of the Tarim Basin underthrusts northward toward the central Tien Shan. Lithosphere underthrusting could trigger intrusion of hot mantle material and partial melting, in correspondence with the prominent low‐velocity anomalies observed in the lower crust and uppermost mantle of the central Tien Shan. In contrast, the connected high‐velocity upper mantle structure from Tarim Basin across eastern Tien Shan to Junggar Basin may reflect the convergent effect between the Tarim and Junggar Basins, which consequently prevents the asthenosphere upwelling. We observe low‐velocity anomalies in the upper mantle of the western Tien Shan, indicating continental crust of the Eurasia lithosphere that has been subducted toward the western Tien Shan. The observed structural variations along the Tien Shan orogenic belt suggest different tectonic mechanisms for the lithosphere formation and modification of the three segments along strike.
Vanadium disulfide flakes with nanolayered titanium disulfide coating as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Lu , Li Zhaodong , Yoshimura Anthony , Sun Congli , Wang Tianmeng , Chen Yanwen , Chen Zhizhong , Littlejohn Aaron , Xiang Yu , Hundekar Prateek , Bartolucci Stephen F. , Shi Jian , Shi Su-Fei , Meunier Vincent , Wang Gwo-Ching , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnlike the vast majority of transition metal dichalcogenides which are semiconductors, vanadium disulfide is metallic and conductive. This makes it particularly promising as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. However, vanadium disulfide exhibits poor stability due to large Peierls distortion during cycling. Here we report that vanadium disulfide flakes can be rendered stable in the electrochemical environment of a lithium-ion battery by conformally coating them with a ~2.5 nm thick titanium disulfide layer. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the titanium disulfide coating is far less susceptible to Peierls distortion during the lithiation-delithiation process, enabling it to stabilize the underlying vanadium disulfide material. The titanium disulfide coated vanadium disulfide cathode exhibits an operating voltage of ~2 V, high specific capacity (~180 mAh g−1 @200 mA g−1 current density) and rate capability (~70 mAh g−1 @1000 mA g−1), while achieving capacity retention close to 100% after 400 charge−discharge steps.
Biosynthesis of DHGA12 and its roles in Arabidopsis seedling establishment
Authors: Liu Hao , Guo Siyi , Lu Minghua , Zhang Yu , Li Junhua , Wang Wei , Wang Pengtao , Zhang Junli , Hu Zhubing , Li Liangliang , Si Lingyu , Zhang Jie , Qi Qi , Jiang Xiangning , Botella José Ramón , Wang Hua , Song Chun-Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeed germination and photoautotrophic establishment are controlled by the antagonistic activity of the phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana GAS2 (Gain of Function in ABA-modulated Seed Germination 2), a protein belonging to the Fe-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase superfamily, catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of GA12 to produce GA12 16, 17-dihydro-16α-ol (DHGA12). We show that DHGA12, a C20-GA has an atypical structure compared to known active GAs but can bind to the GA receptor (GID1c). DHGA12 can promote seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon greening. Silencing and over-expression of GAS2 alters the ABA/GA ratio and sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment. Hence, we propose that GAS2 acts to modulate hormonal balance during early seedling development.
The role of platelets in mediating a response to human influenza infection
Authors: Koupenova Milka , Corkrey Heather A. , Vitseva Olga , Manni Giorgia , Pang Catherine J. , Clancy Lauren , Yao Chen , Rade Jeffrey , Levy Daniel , Wang Jennifer P. , Finberg Robert W. , Kurt-Jones Evelyn A. , Freedman Jane E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfluenza infection increases the incidence of myocardial infarction but the reason is unknown. Platelets mediate vascular occlusion through thrombotic functions but are also recognized to have immunomodulatory activity. To determine if platelet processes are activated during influenza infection, we collected blood from 18 patients with acute influenza infection. Microscopy reveals activated platelets, many containing viral particles and extracellular-DNA associated with platelets. To understand the mechanism, we isolate human platelets and treat them with influenza A virus. Viral-engulfment leads to C3 release from platelets as a function of TLR7 and C3 leads to neutrophil-DNA release and aggregation. TLR7 specificity is confirmed in murine models lacking the receptor, and platelet depletion models support platelet-mediated C3 and neutrophil-DNA release post-influenza infection. These findings demonstrate that the initial intrinsic defense against influenza is mediated by platelet–neutrophil cross-communication that tightly regulates host immune and complement responses but can also lead to thrombotic vascular occlusion.
Nanostructured polymer films with metal-like thermal conductivity
Authors: Xu Yanfei , Kraemer Daniel , Song Bai , Jiang Zhang , Zhou Jiawei , Loomis James , Wang Jianjian , Li Mingda , Ghasemi Hadi , Huang Xiaopeng , Li Xiaobo , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDue to their unique properties, polymers – typically thermal insulators – can open up opportunities for advanced thermal management when they are transformed into thermal conductors. Recent studies have shown polymers can achieve high thermal conductivity, but the transport mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here we report polyethylene films with a high thermal conductivity of 62 Wm−1 K−1, over two orders-of-magnitude greater than that of typical polymers (~0.1 Wm−1 K−1) and exceeding that of many metals and ceramics. Structural studies and thermal modeling reveal that the film consists of nanofibers with crystalline and amorphous regions, and the amorphous region has a remarkably high thermal conductivity, over ~16 Wm−1 K−1. This work lays the foundation for rational design and synthesis of thermally conductive polymers for thermal management, particularly when flexible, lightweight, chemically inert, and electrically insulating thermal conductors are required.
Microfluidic multipoles theory and applications
Authors: Goyette Pierre-Alexandre , Boulais Étienne , Normandeau Frédéric , Laberge Gabriel , Juncker David , Gervais Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic multipoles (MFMs) have been realized experimentally and hold promise for “open-space” biological and chemical surface processing. Whereas convective flow can readily be predicted using hydraulic-electrical analogies, the design of advanced microfluidic multipole is constrained by the lack of simple, accurate models to predict mass transport within them. In this work, we introduce the complete solutions to mass transport in multipolar microfluidics based on the iterative conformal mapping of 2D advection-diffusion around a simple edge into dipoles and multipolar geometries, revealing a rich landscape of transport modes. The models are validated experimentally with a library of 3D printed devices and found in excellent agreement. Following a theory-guided design approach, we further ideate and fabricate two classes of spatiotemporally reconfigurable multipolar devices that are used for processing surfaces with time-varying reagent streams, and to realize a multistep automated immunoassay. Overall, the results set the foundations for exploring, developing, and applying open-space microfluidic multipoles.
Generation of spatiotemporally tailored terahertz wavepackets by nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Keren-Zur Shay , Tal Mai , Fleischer Sharly , Mittleman Daniel M. , Ellenbogen Tal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed an ever-growing number of emerging applications that utilize terahertz (THz) waves, ranging from advanced biomedical imaging, through novel security applications, fast wireless communications, and new abilities to study and control matter in all of its phases. The development and deployment of these emerging technologies is however held back, due to a substantial lack of simple methods for efficient generation, detection and manipulation of THz waves. Recently it was shown that uniform nonlinear metasurfaces can efficiently generate broadband single-cycle THz pulses. Here we show that judicious engineering of the single-emitters that comprise the metasurface, enables to obtain unprecedented control of the spatiotemporal properties of the emitted THz wavepackets. We specifically demonstrate generation of propagating spatiotemporal quadrupole and few-cycles THz pulses with engineered angular dispersion. Our results place nonlinear metasurfaces as a new promising tool for generating application-tailored THz fields with controlled spatial and temporal characteristics.
Enzymatic synthesis of lignin derivable pyridine based polyesters for the substitution of petroleum derived plastics
Authors: Pellis Alessandro , Comerford James W. , Weinberger Simone , Guebitz Georg M. , Clark James H. , Farmer Thomas J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFollowing concerns over increasing global plastic pollution, interest in the production and characterization of bio-based and biodegradable alternatives is rising. In the present work, the synthesis of a series of fully bio-based alternatives based on 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid-derived polymers produced via enzymatic catalysis are reported. A similar series of aromatic-aliphatic polyesters based on diethyl-2,5-furandicarboxylate and of the petroleum-based diethyl terephthalate and diethyl isophthalate were also synthesized. Here we show that the enzymatic synthesis starting from 2,4-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate leads to the best polymers in terms of molecular weights (Mn = 14.3 and Mw of 32.1 kDa when combined with 1,8-octanediol) when polymerized in diphenyl ether. Polymerization in solventless conditions were also successful leading to the synthesis of bio-based oligoesters that can be further functionalized. DSC analysis show a clear similarity in the thermal behavior between 2,4-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate and diethyl isophthalate (amorphous polymers) and between 2,5-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate and diethyl terephthalate (crystalline polymers).
Proteomic analysis of human mesenchymal stromal cell secretomes: a systematic comparison of the angiogenic potential
Authors: Kehl Debora , Generali Melanie , Mallone Anna , Heller Manfred , Uldry Anne-Christine , Cheng Phil , Gantenbein Benjamin , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Weber Benedikt 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) secretomes have shown to influence the microenvironment upon injury, promoting cytoprotection, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. The angiogenic potential is of particular interest for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Interestingly, hMSC secretomes isolated from different tissue sources have shown dissimilarities with respect to their angiogenic profile. This study compares angiogenesis of hMSC secretomes from adipose tissue (hADSCs), bone marrow (hBMSCs), and umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (hWJSCs). hMSC secretomes were obtained under xenofree conditions and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Biological processes related to angiogenesis were found to be enriched in the proteomic profile of hMSC secretomes. hWJSC secretomes revealed a more complete angiogenic network with higher concentrations of angiogenesis related proteins, followed by hBMSC secretomes. hADSC secretomes lacked central angiogenic proteins and expressed most detected proteins to a significantly lower level. In vivo all secretomes induced vascularization of subcutaneously implanted Matrigel plugs in mice. Differences in secretome composition were functionally analyzed with monocyte and endothelial cell (EC) in vitro co-culture experiments using vi-SNE based multidimensional flow cytometry data analysis. Functional responses between hBMSC and hWJSC secretomes were comparable, with significantly higher migration of CD14++ CD16− monocytes and enhanced macrophage differentiation compared with hADSC secretomes. Both secretomes also induced a more profound pro-angiogenic phenotype of ECs. These results suggest hWJSCs secretome as the most potent hMSC source for inflammation-mediated angiogenesis induction, while the potency of hADSC secretomes was lowest. This systematic analysis may have implication on the selection of hMSCs for future clinical studies.
One-step synthesis of a steel-polymer wool for oil-water separation and absorption
Authors: Abdulhussein Ali T. , Kannarpady Ganesh K. , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMethods for the efficient and affordable remediation of oil spills and chemical leaks are crucially needed in today’s environment. In this study, we have developed a simple, magnetic, porous material based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and steel wool (SW) that can fulfill these needs. The PDMS-SW presented here is superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, and capable of absorbing and separating oils and organic solvents from water. The material is mechanically and chemically stable, even in salty environments, and can be magnetically guided. It exhibits good selectivity, recyclability, and sorption capacity, and can quickly and continuously absorb and remove large amounts of oils and organic solutions from stationary and turbulent water. In addition, PDMS-SW’s inherently high porosity enables direct, gravity-driven oil-water separation with permeate flux as high as ~32,000 L/m2·h and separation efficiency over 99%. The solution immersion process used to prepare the material is easily scalable and requires only a single step. Thus, with its demonstrated combination of affordability, efficiency, and ease of use, PDMS-SW has the potential to meet the demands of large-area oil and chemical clean-ups.
CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway activates brown adipocytes and induces insulin resistance in CXCR4-deficient mice under high-fat diet
Authors: Kurita Kenichi , Ishikawa Ko , Takeda Kenji , Fujimoto Masanori , Ono Hiraku , Kumagai Jin , Inoue Hiromi , Yokoh Hidetaka , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in energy expenditure and is involved in nutrient metabolism. C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-CXCR4 pathway regulates the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems and affects the adipose tissue. Here, we investigated the role of this pathway as an activator of BAT. Uncoupling protein 1 mRNA and protein levels and oxygen consumption increased in the brown adipocytes treated with 100 nM CXCL12 peptide. CXCL12-mediated upregulation in P38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) levels was reduced by each inhibitor. Thus, the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway activated the brown adipocytes through P38 and ERK that acted downstream of this pathway. Mice with CXCR4 defects only in the brown adipocytes were generated and fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Body weight and blood glucose after glucose injection increased in these mice. Long-term exposure to HFD deteriorated blood glucose level after glucose injection. Insulin sensitivity was exacerbated in the knockout mice fed with HFD. Serum lipid parameters and CXCL12 level in knockout mice were similar to those in control mice. These results suggest that the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway induces brown adipocyte activity and affects nutrient metabolism under HFD load.