bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Express Yourself: Why Managers' Disclosure Tone Varies Across Time and What Investors Learn from It
Authors: Campbell John L. , Lee Hye Seung “Grace” , Lu Hsin‐Min , Steele Logan B. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe argue that volatility in a manager's disclosure tone across time should be a function of two components: (i) the firm's innate operating risk and (ii) the extent to which the manager's disclosure transparently reflects that risk. Consistent with this argument, we find that both operating risk and disclosure transparency are important determinants of disclosure tone volatility. We then examine whether investors incorporate the incremental information provided by disclosure tone volatility into their assessments of firm risk. If disclosure tone volatility primarily provides investors with incremental information about a firm's operating risk, we should find a positive association between tone volatility and market‐based assessments of risk. On the other hand, if disclosure tone volatility primarily provides investors with incremental information about a manager's disclosure transparency, we should find a negative association between tone volatility and market‐based assessments of risk. Consistent with an operating risk explanation, we find a positive association between disclosure tone volatility and market‐based assessments of firm risk after controlling for a comprehensive set of proxies for operating risk and transparency. We find little support for an information risk explanation, even when we examine multiple measures specifically designed to capture information risk. Taken together, our results suggest that although disclosure tone volatility is a function of both a firm's operating risk and a manager's disclosure transparency, investors appear to respond as if disclosure tone volatility only provides incremental information about a firm's operating risk.
Toward a robust tool for pharmacokinetic‐based personalization of treatment with tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation: A model‐based meta‐analysis approach
Authors: Nanga Tom M. , Doan Thao T.P. , Marquet Pierre , Musuamba Flora T. 
Published: August 2019

AimsThe objective of this study is to develop a generic model for tacrolimus pharmacokinetics modelling using a meta‐analysis approach, that could serve as a first step towards a prediction tool to inform pharmacokinetics‐based optimal dosing of tacrolimus in different populations and indications.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed and a meta‐model developed with NONMEM software using a top‐down approach. Historical (previously published) data were used for model development and qualification. In‐house individual rich and sparse tacrolimus blood concentration profiles from adult and paediatric kidney, liver, lung and heart transplant patients were used for model validation. Model validation was based on successful numerical convergence, adequate precision in parameter estimation, acceptable goodness of fit with respect to measured blood concentrations with no indication of bias, and acceptable performance of visual predictive checks. External validation was performed by fitting the model to independent data from 3 external cohorts and remaining previously published studies.ResultsA total of 76 models were found relevant for meta‐model building from the literature and the related parameters recorded. The meta‐model developed using patient level data was structurally a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, absorption lag time and first‐time varying elimination. Population values for clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central and peripheral volume were 22.5 L/h, 24.2 L/h, 246.2 L and 109.9 L, respectively. The absorption first‐order rate and the lag time were fixed to 3.37/h and 0.33 hours, respectively. Transplanted organ and time after transplantation were found to influence drug apparent clearance whereas body weight influenced both the apparent volume of distribution and the apparent clearance. The model displayed good results as regards the internal and external validation.ConclusionA meta‐model was successfully developed for tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation that can be used as a basis for the prediction of concentrations in different groups of patients, and eventually for effective dose individualization in different subgroups of the population.
Ten years of pulling: Ecosystem recovery after long‐term weed management in Garry oak savanna
Authors: Shackelford Nancy , Murray Sean M. , Bennett Joseph R. , Lilley Patrick L. , Starzomski Brian M. , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEcosystem restoration is the practice of assisting recovery in degraded ecological communities. The aims of restoration are typically broad, involving the reinstatement of composition, structure, function, and resilience to disturbances. One common restoration tactic in degraded urban systems is to control invasive species, relying on passive restoration for further ecosystem‐level recovery. Here, we test whether this is an effective restoration strategy in Garry oak savanna, a highly threatened and ecologically important community in the North American Pacific Northwest. In urban savanna patches surrounding Victoria, British Columbia, community members have been actively removing aggressive invasive exotic species for over a decade. Based on vegetation surveys from 2007, we tested ecosystem changes in structure, composition, and resilience (i.e., functional redundancy and response diversity) across 10 years of varied management levels. We expected higher levels of invasive species management would correspond with improvements to these ecosystem metrics. However, management explained little of the patterns found over the 10‐year‐period. Woody encroachment was a complicated process of native and exotic invasion, while resilience and compositional changes were most closely tied with landscape connectivity. Thus, though invasive species management may prevent further degradation, active restoration strategies after removal are likely required for recovery of the ecosystem.
Pediatric malignancies: Is the prechemotherapy left ventricular function normal?
Authors: Akam‐Venkata Jyothsna , Kadiu Gilda , Galas James , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeWe compared the left ventricular (LV) systolic function in children with cancer before initiation of chemotherapy with matched controls using speckle tracking echocardiography.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the echocardiograms of 89 cancer patients before the initiation of chemotherapy and 82 age‐ (8.4 ± 5.2 vs. 8.9 ± 3.9 years, P = .4) and gender‐matched (64% vs. 67%, males, P = .4) healthy controls. Peak systolic LV longitudinal strain (LS) was significantly lower in cancer patients in apical two (−19.8 ± 3.0 vs. −23.5 ± 4.0, P < .001), three (−19.4 ± 3.2 vs. −23.4 ± 4.0, P < .001), and four‐chamber views (−19.7 ± 3.4 vs. −22.5 ± 3.0, P < .001) compared to controls, as was global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−19.8 ± 2.7 vs. −23.4 ± 3.2, P < .001). The prechemotherapy group also had a higher E/e' ratio compared to controls at the septal (9.3 ± 3.9 vs. 7.9 ± 1.7, P = .005) and lateral annulus (7.9 ± 3.3 vs. 5.9 ± 1.4, P < .001) of the mitral valve. The LV ejection fraction was lower in cancer patients compared to controls (63.5 ± 4.9 vs. 66.8 ± 4.1, P < .001), although still within normal limits. There were no differences in LV myocardial performance index (0.30 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.09, P < .65) and shortening fraction (35.8 ± 5.2 vs. 36.1 ± 6.1, P < 0.75) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed no difference in LV GLS between patients with solid tumors (n = 56) and blood cancers (n = 33) (GLS −19.2 ± 2.9 vs. 19.5 ± 2.4, P > 0.05).ConclusionOur data demonstrating abnormalities in LV GLS in pediatric cancer patients even prior to initiation of chemotherapy are novel and perplexing. Further longitudinal follow‐up is required to assess the implications of this abnormal LV function in these patients.
Trends in the use of echocardiography in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: an analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data
Authors: Urja Prakrity , Walters Ryan W. , Vivekanandan Renuga , Kumar Mukund , Abdulghani Saadi , Hari Belbase Ram , Zook Nina , Mahesh Alla Venkata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis occurs in approximately 10%‐30% of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB). Guidelines recommend echocardiography in patients with SaB and risk factors for infective endocarditis in the absence of any obvious source of infection. Herein, we explored the trends in the use of echocardiography in patients with SaB and its relationship to outcomes using a large national database.MethodAll patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of SaB were identified using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2001 to 2014. Procedure code 88.72 was used to identify echocardiography. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the year‐over‐year trends in echocardiogram, predictors of use, and association with mortality.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2014, there were 668 423 hospitalizations with SaB diagnosis and 86 387 (12.9%) had echocardiogram. The rate of echocardiography increased from 10.7% in 2001 to 15.2% in 2014 (ptrend < 0.001). Major predictors of echocardiogram usage were younger age, male gender, presence of sepsis, valvular or congenital heart disease, prosthetic heart valve (PHV), cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), hemodialysis, and drug abuse. The adjusted rates of echocardiography increased from approximately 10% to 15% in hospitalizations without risk factors for IE while for high‐risk groups like PHV and CIED it remained constant at 30% and 19%, respectively. Echocardiography was associated with 31% lower odds of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionThe increase in echocardiography rate was largely attributable to increased use in those without risk factors while usage in those with PHV and CIED remained much lower than expected. Echocardiography use was associated with lower risk‐adjusted mortality. These findings require further study and confirmation.
Differential effects of dopamine D1‐like and D2‐like receptor agonists on water drinking behaviour under thirsty conditions in mice with reduced dopamine secretion
Authors: Kao Kung‐Chun , Hisatsune Tatsuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mesolimbic dopamine system is important for reward‐oriented behaviours, such as drinking and eating. However, the precise involvement of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine receptors in water drinking behaviour remains unclear. Here, we generated triple transgenic mice harbouring Slc6a3(DAT)‐icre/ERT2, Camk2a‐loxP‐STOP‐loxP‐tetracycline transactivator and tetO‐tetanus toxin constructs, in which the release of dopamine is blocked by tetanus toxin. These mice, referred to as dopamine secretion interference mice, had reduced dopamine secretion in the striatum (61.4%) and the nucleus accumbens (54.5%). They showed adequate limb strength and food consumption, similarly to control mice, but exhibited motor control impairment in a challenging rotarod test. Dopamine secretion interference mice made fewer licks and had fewer bursts than control mice during a licking test under thirsty conditions. To elucidate the influence of dopamine receptors in the altered drinking behaviour, a dopamine D1 or D2/D3 receptor agonist (A68930 or ropinirole, respectively) was administered prior to the licking microstructure analysis. Treatment with the D1 agonist restored the total number of licks but not the burst number in dopamine secretion interference mice. By contrast, the D2/3 agonist impeded water drinking behaviour in both transgenic and control mice. The present findings indicate that D1 receptor activation partially ameliorates the altered drinking behaviour of the dopamine secretion interference mice and suggest that D1 receptor activity impacts drinking under thirsty conditions.
Evaluation of safety, humoral immune response and faecal shedding in horses inoculated with a modified‐live bovine coronavirus vaccination
Authors: Prutton J. S. W. , Barnum S. , Pusterla N. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEquine coronavirus (ECoV) is considered an emerging enteric virus with reported morbidity rates ranging from 10 to 83% and fatality rates ranging from 7 to 27% in adult horses; a vaccine for ECoV is currently not available. This study investigated the safety, humoral response and viral shedding in horses inoculated with a commercially available modified‐live bovine coronavirus (BCoV) vaccine. Twelve healthy adult horses were vaccinated twice, 3 weeks apart, either orally, intranasally or intrarectally. Two healthy unvaccinated horses served as sentinel controls. Following each vaccine administration, horses were monitored daily for physical abnormalities whilst the onset and duration of BCoV shedding was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in nasal secretions and faeces. Whole blood was collected every 3 weeks to determine BCoV‐specific antibody response. With the exception of transient and self‐limiting changes in faecal character observed in seven vaccinated and one control horse, no additional abnormal clinical findings were found in the study horses. Following the first and second vaccine administration, two and one horse, respectively, tested qPCR‐positive for BCoV in nasal secretions 1‐day post intranasal vaccination. No vaccinated horses tested qPCR‐positive for BCoV in faeces following each vaccine administration. One of the two horses that shed BCoV seroconverted to BCoV after the first vaccine administration and an additional two vaccinated horses (oral and intrarectal) seroconverted to BCoV after the second vaccine administration. In conclusion, the results show that the modified‐live BCoV is safe to administer to horses via various routes, causes minimal virus shedding and results in detectable antibodies to BCoV in 27% of the vaccinates.
Recumbency following diagnostic analgesia of the sacroiliac joint regions: 15 horses
Authors: Nagy A. , Dyson S. 
Published: August 2019

SummarySacroiliac (SI) joint region pain is relatively common in sports horses and diagnosis is ideally confirmed by diagnostic analgesia (SI joint region blocks). Anecdotal reports describe complications following SI joint region blocks, but there is no detailed published information. Our aim was to document a series of horses that became recumbent following SI joint region blocks. Clinicians were asked to participate via the e‐mail list of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation and by contacting clinicians known to the authors to investigate poor performance and lameness in sports horses. Horses (n = 15) were included if they became recumbent following SI joint region blocks, with or without using other substances in addition to local anaesthetic solution. Data on the clinicians’ experience, injection technique, clinical findings before and while the horse was recumbent and the outcome were collected in an online questionnaire. The clinicians’ experience and injection techniques varied. In three horses corticosteroids, with or without pitcher plant extract, were also injected with the local anaesthetic solution. In 14 horses, the injection(s) were performed at a clinic or hospital; 13 horses were injected in stocks. Seven horses were sedated for the procedure. Fourteen horses became recumbent within 10 min and one within 20 min. While recumbent, seven horses were sedated and six anaesthetised. Fourteen horses stood up at a mean time of 3.8 h after becoming recumbent; additional information was available for 13 horses, all of which made a complete recovery. Three horses suffered temporary complications (pneumonia related to intubation, abrasions from a sling and radial nerve dysfunction associated with slinging). One horse was euthanised after 3 days because of failure to regain hindlimb function. In conclusion, recumbency following diagnostic analgesia of the SI joint regions can occur, but in the majority of horses, it has no long‐term consequences.
Family as a eudaimonic bubble: Women entrepreneurs mobilizing resources of care during persistent financial crisis and austerity
Authors: Meliou Elina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrawing on the conceptualization of family as a eudaimonic bubble, the study explores how women entrepreneurs mobilize familial resources to navigate the gendered challenges faced during persistent financial crisis and austerity in Greece, a country affected by acute socioeconomic crisis. Through qualitative interviews with women who started their own business during the financial crisis, it investigates how the allocation of resources and opportunities built on care enabled women to start and sustain their own business and achieve a degree of normative conformity, creating social cohesion in the here and now. The analysis reveals the transformational potential of familial care by illustrating three modes of resources of care that contribute to business viability, and positions the family, an organizing principle, in the centre of research on gendered mobilizations in crisis economies. In that way, the study critically contributes to debates regarding gender, entrepreneurship and austerity.
Identification of heterozygous p.Y150C and p.V274M mutations in the HJV gene in a Japanese patient with a mild phenotype of juvenile hemochromatosis: A case report
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Ikuta Katsuya , Tatsumi Yasuaki , Toki Yasumichi , Hayashi Hisao , Tonan Tatsuyuki , Ohtake Takaaki , Hoshino Seiichiro , Naito Masayasu , Kato Koichi , Okumura Toshikatsu , Torimura Takuji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJuvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is known as a progressive iron‐storage disease, and causes severe organ impairments, including cardiomyopathy and liver cirrhosis. However, JH is a rare genetic disorder, and information for genetic mutations and phenotypes is limited. Here, we report a case of JH with heterozygous p.Y150C and p.V274M mutations in the HJV gene. A 39‐year‐old Japanese man was referred to Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan, for fatigue and liver injury, which first appeared at the age of 25 years. There was no history of alcohol abuse and medication, and viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, and Wilson's disease were absent. However, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and fasting serum hepcidin levels were 98.4%, 6421 ng/mL, and 7.4 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, a marked reduction in signal intensity of the liver in T1/T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images was seen and the R2* maps showed hepatic iron overload. Family history of hemochromatosis and severe organ impairment, such as cardiac dysfunction and diabetes mellitus, were negative. In addition, the HFE and HAMP genes did not show any mutation. However, we identified novel heterozygous p.Y150C and p.V274M mutations in the HJV gene in the patient. The p.Y150C and p.V274M mutations were seen in his mother and father, respectively. After phlebotomy, fatigue disappeared and serum transaminase levels were normalized. Furthermore, R2* maps showed a reduction of hepatic iron concentration. We first demonstrated heterozygous p.Y150C and p.V274M mutations in the HJV gene of patients with a mild JH phenotype. Thus, genetic testing should be considered even in patients with a mild phenotype of hemochromatosis.
Atypical lipomatous tumour/well‐differentiated liposarcoma and de‐differentiated liposarcoma in patients aged ≤ 40 years: a study of 116 patients
Authors: Waters Rebecca , Horvai Andrew , Greipp Patricia , John Ivy , Demicco Elizabeth G , Dickson Brendan C , Tanas Munir R , Larsen Brandon T , Ud Din Nasir , Creytens David H , Bahrami Armita , Doyle Leona A , Jo Vickie Y , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Thway Khin , Jenkins Sarah M , Siontis Brittany , Folpe Andrew , Fritchie Karen 
Published: August 2019

AimsLimited data exist on atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT)/well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and de‐differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) in children and young adults.Methods and resultsCases of ALT/WDL/DDLPS arising in patients aged ≤ 40 years were collected from multiple institutional and consultation archives. A total of 116 cases of ALT/WDL (75) and DDLPS (41) were identified, representing fewer than 5% of these tumours seen at our institutions during this time‐period. The patients (59 male/57 female) ranged in age from 8 to 40 years. Sites included deep central (abdomen/retroperitoneum/pelvis/groin) (n = 60), extremity (n = 42), trunk (n = 5), head/neck (n = 8) and mediastinum (n = 1). De‐differentiated patterns included: high‐grade pleomorphic sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma‐like, heterologous rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, low‐grade spindle cell sarcoma and homologous lipoblastic differentiation. Forty‐one patients experienced a local recurrence and 11 patients with DDLPS developed metastasis. ALT arising in the extremities had lower recurrence rates than deep central WDL (5‐year recurrence‐free survival 88.9% versus 59.0%; P = 0.002), while patients with deep central DDLPS experienced significantly more adverse events compared to WDL at this site (5‐year event‐free survival 11.9% versus 59.0%) (P < 0.0001). Seven (of eight) head/neck tumours had follow‐up available; five recurred, and one patient (DDLPS) with recurrence also experienced a metastasis. The single mediastinal tumour (DDLPS) recurred and metastasised.ConclusionALT/WDL and DDLPS occurring in patients aged ≤ 40 years is rare, but exhibits similar morphological features to its counterparts in older adults, including potential for heterologous and homologous de‐differentiation in the latter. Although case numbers are limited, tumours arising in the head and neck exhibit high rates of adverse events, suggesting that classification as WDL rather than ALT is more appropriate.
Effect and mechanism of ZrO2 doping on the cracking behavior of melt‐grown Al2O3 ceramics prepared by directed laser deposition
Authors: Wu Dongjiang , San Junde , Niu Fangyong , Zhao Dake , Liang Xiaokang , Yan Shuai , Ma Guangyi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDirected laser deposition (DLD) is a new method for rapidly preparing melt‐grown ceramics, but cracking problem greatly limited its application. In this study, cracking behavior of Al2O3 ceramics was suppressed by doping ZrO2. Crack suppression mechanism of ZrO2 doping in melt‐grown ceramics was also analyzed. Process parameters which are prone to generating cracks were adopted in the experiments, and they contribute to showing the crack clearly. Results show that ZrO2 doping has remarkable crack suppression effects. It is most obvious when ZrO2 content is 37 mol%. Compared with those of pure Al2O3 ceramics, crack density reduces by 43.2%, and the number of longitudinal main cracks reduces by 63.2%. Doping of ZrO2 forms dense composite microstructure with primary α‐Al2O3 grains discretely distributing in eutectic continuous matrix. Therefore, initial crack sources are effectively reduced. Morphology of primary Al2O3 grains transforms from cellular to dendritic, which changes crack propagation mode from inter‐granular to trans‐granular. Mismatch of thermo‐physical properties of different phase promotes the arrest, deflection, and bridging phenomena in crack propagation, contributing to crack suppression. On the basis of ZrO2 doping, we have realized the preparation of crack‐free eutectic ceramic (37 mol%ZrO2) samples through further process optimization. The maximum size of the sample reaches 230 mm.