bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Persistence of Ship Wakes and the Role of Langmuir-Type Circulations
Authors: Somero Ryan , Basovich Andre , Paterson Eric G. 
Published: November 2018

Surface ships operating in ocean waves are shown to generate transverse surface currents which persist long after the initial ship-induced currents have decayed. These surface currents are due to the formation of large-scale Langmuir-type circulations (LTC) and are suggested to be the mechanism for the concentration of surface-active substance into streaks or bands, which are regularly seen in synthetic aperture radar imagery of the ocean surface. These circulations are generated by the Craik-Leibovich vortex force, which results from interaction of ship-induced currents with ambient surface waves. Once generated, the circulations persist due to their large-scale nearly inviscid nature. Numerical simulations of the wake behind a surface ship in calm, head, and following seas are presented and show good agreement with radar imagery from at-sea experiments. It is demonstrated that surface currents do not persist in the absence of surface waves, but can persist for tens of kilometers through the formation of LTC. Because the circulations are driven by the cross product of the Stokes drift and the wake vorticity, the structure of the persistent wake is a function of relative heading of the ship with respect to the direction of surface-wave propagation.

1. Introduction
The study of ship wakes presents a field that has had great theoretical and applied interest for over a century, starting with the description of the Kelvin wake (Thomson 1887). The theoretical interest is still significant because not all mechanisms related to ship wakes are understood, particularly the long persistence of ship-induced perturbations. There is a high degree of applied interest in the matter, as ship wakes can be observed in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (Munk et al. 1987; Reed & Milgram 2002; Brusch et al. 2011) and optical imagery (Munk et al. 1987).
There are several distinct processes generated by a self-propelled ship: surface waves generated by the ship hull (Kelvin wake); propeller and hull-induced near-surface flow and turbulence; and bubbles produced by the propellers and breaking bow waves (Peltzer 1984). These features are well documented in field (Peltzer 1993) and towing-tank (Swean 1987; Peltzer et al. 1992) experiments. Most of these features decay several ship lengths behind the vessel (Swean 1987), which is also shown by simulations presented in this article. Nevertheless, it is well known that some features of ship wakes can be observed well after the passage of the ship, in some cases tens of kilometers behind the vessel. This article addresses the physical mechanism for the formation and resulting structure of such long-lasting ship wakes, and describes their qualitative and some quantitative features.
A Robust Optimization Approach to Public Transit Mobile Real-time Information
Authors: Ma Weimin , Lin Nannan , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Wenfen 
Published: November 2018

In the past few years, numerous mobile applications have made it possible for public transit passengers to find routes and learn about the expected arrival times of their transit vehicles. Previous studies show that provision of accurate real-time bus information is vital to passengers for reducing their anxieties and wait times at bus stops. Inadequate and/or inaccurate real-time information not only confuses passengers but also reinforces the bad image of public transit. However, almost all methods of real-time information optimization are aimed at predicting bus arrival or travel times. In order to make up for the lack of information accuracy, this paper proposes a new approach to optimize mobile real-time information for each transit route based on robust linear optimization. An error estimation is added to current bus arrival time information as a new element of mobile bus applications. The proof process of the robust optimization model is also presented in this paper. In the end, the model is tested on two comparable bus routes in Shanghai. The real-time information for these two routes was obtained from Shanghai Bus, a mobile application used in Shanghai City. The test results reflect the validity, disadvantages, and risk costs of the model.
Comparison of incisional complications between skin closures using a simple continuous or intradermal pattern: a pilot study in horses undergoing ventral median celiotomy
Authors: Scharner Doreen , Gittel Claudia , Winter Karsten , Blaue Dominique , Schedlbauer Carola , Vervuert Ingrid , Brehm Walter 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDevelopment of incisional complications following ventral median celiotomy might depend on suture pattern for skin closure.MethodsIn this prospective study, 21 healthy male horses underwent celiotomy. Skin closure was either performed via a continuous percutaneous pattern (CO group; 5 warmbloods/5 ponies) or an intradermal pattern (ID group; 5 warmbloods/6 ponies). Follow-up examination of the incisional site included daily monitoring for edema, dehiscence, and drainage. Transcutaneous ultrasound was performed at Days 3, 6, and 10 as well as on Week 8 and 12 to evaluate size of edema and presence or absence of sinus formation, and hernia formation. Prevalence of incisional infection on base of positive microbiological analysis at any time up to Day 10 was evaluated and compared between ID and CO group. Furthermore, edema size was analysed by a linear mixed-effect model for group and time dependency.ResultsObserved incisional complications included edema (9/10 in CO, 10/11 in ID), suture sinus formation (2/10 in CO, 1/11 in ID), surgical site infection (2/10 in CO, 0/11 in ID), and incisional hernia (1/10 in CO, 0/11 in ID). The overall prevalence of incisional infection was 9.5% without significant differences between both groups (20% in CO, 0% in ID;p= 0.214). Edema size was not dependent on time or group (p= 0.545 andp= 0.627, respectively).DiscussionCO and ID suture pattern are appropriate for skin closure following ventral median celiotomy in horses. None of the animals in the continuous ID group developed surgical site infections, even without the use of antibiotics.
Resuscitation Attempt and Outcomes in Patients With Asystole Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ishii Junki , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Kikutani Kazuya , Ohki Shingo , Ota Kohei , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Okubo Masashi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Iwami Taku , Shime Nobuaki 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceLittle is known about the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients with asystole in countries where prehospital resuscitation is not withheld or terminated.ObjectiveTo investigate the secular trends in the patient outcomes and advanced life support (ALS) procedures and evaluate the association of ALS procedures with favorable outcomes among patients with OHCA and asystole.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed data from a nationwide prospective OHCA registry in Japan. OHCA occurred from June 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020. Adults with an initial rhythm of asystole and OHCA were included in the analysis, which was conducted between July 29, 2022, and August 24, 2024.ExposuresYear of OHCA and prehospital ALS procedures (advanced airway management [AAM] and intravenous epinephrine administration).Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends in prehospital and in-hospital ALS procedures and patient outcomes were described using the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test for continuous variables and the Cochran-Armitage trend test for categorical variables. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological outcome at 30 days. The secondary outcomes included a favorable neurological outcome at 90 days and survival at 30 and 90 days. Associations between prehospital procedures and outcomes were analyzed using time-dependent propensity score and risk-set matching.ResultsOf 60 349 patients with OHCA, 35 843 (59.4%) presented with asystole (median age, 77 [IQR, 64-85] years; 20 573 [57.4%] men). Among these, 33 674 patients (93.9%) underwent ALS procedures, with 67 (0.2%) achieving a favorable neurological outcome at 30 days. No significant trends in the outcomes were noted, except for a decline in return of spontaneous circulation (424 of 1848 [22.9%] to 1178 of 5892 [20.0%]; P = .003). Neither AAM (odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 0.76-2.12]; P = .36) nor intravenous epinephrine administration (OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.24-1.13]; P = .10) was associated with a favorable neurological outcome at 30 days, although both were associated with survival at 30 days (ORs, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.21-1.74] and 1.81 [95% CI, 1.44-2.27], respectively; P &amp;lt; .001 for both).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with OHCA presenting with asystole, the proportion with a favorable neurological outcome at 30 days was substantially low, and no prehospital ALS procedure was associated with a favorable neurological outcome. These findings suggest that discussions regarding implementation of a termination of resuscitation rule for such patients are warranted.
Long‐Lasting, Steady and Enhanced Energy Harvesting by Inserting a Conductive Layer into the Piezoelectric Polymer
Authors: Jang HakSu , Kim Gwang Hyeon , Jeon Dong Won , Park Hyeon Jun , Bae BitNa , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Kim Cheol Min , Baek Changyeon , Lee Min‐Ku , Cho Sung Beom , Lee Gyoung‐Ja , Park Kwi‐Il 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlexibility, higher piezoelectric performance, and long‐lasting stability of devices have a great demand in next generation energy technologies. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer has a greater mechanical flexibility, but it suffers from low piezoelectric performance. Herein, sandwich‐structured piezoelectric film (SS‐PF) is designed by inserting the conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer between two PVDF layers. The SS‐PF based flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (f‐PEH) generates higher voltage and current of 3.73 times and 4.64 times than the pristine PVDF film type f‐PEH. Moreover, the SS‐PF based f‐PEH shows no degradation in the output voltage confirming the excellent long‐lasting stability over 6 months. DFT simulation shows the occurrence of intermolecular forces between the PVDF/PEDOT:PSS interface. The electric field‐dependent charges alignment in PEDOT:PSS may induce the charge accumulation at the PSS‐PVDF interface and charge depletion at the PEDOT‐PVDF interface leading to the change in orientation of molecular structure in PVDF. Next, the SS‐PF based f‐PEH is tested for a vibration sensor to monitor the vibrations of curvy pipes and machines, and its output voltages are comparable with the commercial PVDF vibration sensor to confirm the real‐time use. The results present a novel design strategy, indicating a new direction for investigating piezo‐polymer‐based f‐PEH.
Enhanced Photothermal Therapy under Low‐Power Near‐Infrared Irradiation Enabled by a Si‐Cyclopentadithiophene‐Based Organic Molecule
Authors: Fan Kexin , Li Qingyang , Qian Yuping , Zhang Ludan , Lu Di , Zhu Ling , Yan Shouke , Xu Bowei , Wang Yuguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the inadequate photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), most photothermal agents (PTAs) have to be used under high‐power near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, which significantly exceeds medical safety standards, for achieving effective photothermal therapy (PTT) in antitumor treatment. This significantly hinders practical PTT application. Herein, three acceptor‐donor‐acceptor(A‐D‐A)‐type molecules are synthesized based on cyclopentadithiophene unit to develop effective PTAs. By incorporating the large‐size Si atom in the A‐D‐A molecules, the photosensitizer displays an increased packing distance in the aggregate state, leading to a blue‐shifted absorption spectrum that better matches the medial laser wavelength. Also, the Si incorporation strategy elevates the nonradiative decay rate constants (knr) of the A‐D‐A photosensitizer, and thereby a further enhancement in PCE is achieved for the PTA. Consequently, the SiO‐4F‐based nanoparticles exhibited 64.23% PCE, with excellent biosafety and photothermal stability. Under NIR irradiation with medical safety (808 nm, 0.33 W cm−2), SiO‐4F nanoparticles with 100 µg mL−1 yield a death rate of over 91% for diverse tumor cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments, SiO‐4F‐based PTT effectively inhibited and eliminated tumors. These findings suggest that the Si‐incorporated CDPT is promising for constructing effective A‐D‐A photosensitizers, enabling the PTT under NIR irradiation that meets medical safety standards.
3D‐Printed In Situ Growth of Bilayer MOF Hydrogels for Accelerated Osteochondral Defect Repair
Authors: Qin Kaiqi , Huang Xinyue , Wang Shengfeng , Liang Jiachen , Fan Zengjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRepairing osteochondral (OC) defect presents a significant challenge due to the intricate structural requirements and the unpredictable differentiation pathways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To address this challenge, a novel biomimetic OC hydrogel scaffold is developed that features a structure of soft and hard components. This scaffold incorporates bilayer metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically ZIF‐67 in the upper layer and ZIF‐8 in the lower layer, achieved through an in situ printing process. This configuration enables the spatial and temporal modulation of BMSC differentiation by controlling the release of Co2⁺ and Zn2⁺. The results demonstrate that the bilayer MOF hydrogels significantly outperform hydrogels that either lack MOFs or contain a single type of MOF in enhancing repair outcomes in rabbit models of knee OC defects. The improved regenerative efficacy is attributed to the distinct chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation cues provided by the bilayer MOFs, effectively guiding BMSCs toward enhanced tissue regeneration. This customizable biomimetic OC hydrogel scaffold not only opens new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies but also holds great promise for widespread clinical applications.
Large‐Area Metal–Organic Framework Glasses for Efficient X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Zhu Xin , He Tengjiao , Song Xin , Shekhah Osama , Thomas Simil , Jiang Hao , Wu Wentao , He Tengyue , Guillerm Vincent , Shkurenko Aleksander , Wang Jian‐Xin , Alshareef Husam N. , Bakr Osman M. , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Mohammed Omar F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCutting‐edge techniques utilizing continuous films made from pure, novel semiconductive materials offer promising pathways to achieve high performance and cost‐effectiveness for X‐ray detection. Semiconductive metal–organic framework (MOF) glass films are known for their remarkably smooth surface morphology, straightforward synthesis, and capability for large‐area fabrication, presenting a new direction for high‐performance X‐ray detectors. Here, a novel material centered on MOF glasses for highly uniform glass film fabrication customized for X‐ray detection is introduced. MOF glasses, composed of zinc and imidazole derivatives, enable the transition from solid to liquid at low temperatures, facilitating the straightforward preparation of large‐area and continuous MOF films with high mobility for X‐ray device fabrication. Remarkably, MOF glass detectors demonstrate an exceptional sensitivity of 112.8 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.41 µGyair s−1, making them one of the most sensitive and with the best detection limits reported to date for MOF X‐ray detectors. Clear X‐ray images are successfully conducted using these developed MOF glass detectors for the first time. This breakthrough in X‐ray sensitivity, and detection limit along with the spatial imaging resolution establishes a new standard for developing large‐area and efficient MOF‐based X‐ray detectors with practical applications in medical and security screening.
Persistent Luminescence for Night‐Time Individual Identification Based on Quantum Tunneling
Authors: Wen Zaisheng , Liu Shengqiang , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Ting , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNight‐time individual identification requires recognizing a specific object from a bunch of homogeneous entities through night‐vision devices. It will facilitate more effective coordinated actions in night‐time disaster rescue or enforcement actions. In this work, the near infrared (NIR) persistent luminescent materials are proposed as the technology solution, which can emit the non‐visible photons continuously for hours without the external excitation. In a magnetoplumbite‐type structure, Cr3+ ions are incorporated to realize NIR emissions. By co‐doping lanthanide ions and constitutional modulation, the afterglow signal can be clearly traced under the night‐vision device over 144 h. A series of spectral measurements are utilized to reveal the mechanism behind this prolonged afterglow duration, and quantum tunneling accounts for the carrier pumping from the deep traps. It avoids the quick exhaust of carriers stored in the shallow traps, and extends the afterglow duration. In a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the synthesized powders are used to make a quick response pattern, which can be clearly visualized in a dark room by the night‐vision devices. This work is expected to promote the research and development of persistent luminescent materials within NIR region, and to accelerate the applications in night‐time monitoring and recognition.
Cost‐Effective DNA Storage System with DNA Movable Type
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wei Di , Wei Zheng , Yang Dongxin , Xing Jing , Wang Yunze , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Pei , Ma Guannan , Zhang Xinru , Li Haolan , Tang Chuan , Hou Pengfei , Wang Jie , Gao Renjun , Xie Guiqiu , Li Cuidan , Ju Yingjiao , Wang Peihan , Yue Liya , Zhao Yongliang , Sheng Yongjie , Xiao Jingfa , Niu Haitao , Xu Sihong , Yang Huaiyi , Liu Di , Duan Bo , Bu Dongbo , Tan Guangming , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the face of exponential data growth, DNA‐based storage offers a promising solution for preserving big data. However, most existing DNA storage methods, akin to traditional block printing, require costly chemical synthesis for each individual data file, adopting a sequential, one‐time‐use synthesis approach. To overcome these limitations, a novel, cost‐effective “DNA‐movable‐type storage” system, inspired by movable type printing, is introduced. This system utilizes prefabricated DNA movable types‐short, double‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides encoding specific payload, address, and checksum data. These DNA‐MTs are enzymatically ligated/assembled into cohesive sequences, termed “DNA movable type blocks,” streamlining the assembly process with the automated BISHENG‐1 DNA‐MT inkjet printer. Using BISHENG‐1, 43.7 KB of data files are successfully printed, assembled, stored, and accurately retrieved in diverse formats (text, image, audio, and video) in vitro and in vivo, using only 350 DNA‐MTs. Notably, each DNA‐MT, synthesized once (2 OD), can be used up to 10000 times, reducing costs to $122/MB—outperforming existing DNA storage methods. This innovation circumvents the need to synthesize entire DNA sequences encoding files from scratch, offering significant cost and efficiency advantages. Furthermore, it has considerable untapped potential to advance a robust DNA storage system, better meeting the extensive data storage demands of the big‐data era.
Pb‐Free Infrared Harvesting Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Using n‐p Homojunction Architecture
Authors: Park Youngsang , Kim Jugyoung , Jeong Minwoo , Shin Daekwon , Jung Jaegwan , Kim Hyoin , Jeong Hyeonjun , Kim Hyojung , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Jeong Sohee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHarvesting infrared (IR) sunlight using colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) holds significant promise for optoelectronic devices including photovoltaics (PVs) and self‐powered sensors. Traditionally, Pb chalcogenides have been utilized in energy devices, but needs for RoHS compliance derive the development of Pb‐free alternatives. A key challenge with Pb‐free materials is the low photovoltage in devices, primarily due to recombination in surface defects and interfaces within the architectures. Here, the Pb‐free CQD PVs capable of harvesting the IR light beyond the Si PVs are first presented. Designing an InAs CQD‐based homojunction architecture, with n‐type InAs absorbers passivated with multifunctional ligands and p‐type conductive InAs inks, efficient charge extraction is achieved while suppressing interface recombination. Additionally, the IR light path is modulated to match the absorber's absorption to optimize the performance. This led to InAs PVs with absorber bandgaps ranging from 1.35 to 1.03 eV, significantly improving the open‐circuit voltage from 0.05 to 0.26 V and fill factor from 29% to 50%, comparable to Pb‐based PVs. The InAs IR‐PVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 2.00% under one‐sun and 0.27% with a Si filter, outperforming control ones (0.28% and 0.03%). This work provides an effective strategy for designing Pb‐free, energy‐independent IR optoelectronics.
Spatial Occupancy Models for Data Collected on Stream Networks
Authors: Gimenez Olivier 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

To effectively monitor biodiversity in streams and rivers, we need to quantify species distribution accurately.

Occupancy models are useful for distinguishing between the non‐detection of a species and its actual absence. While these models can account for spatial autocorrelation, they are not suited for streams and rivers due to their unique network spatial structure.

Here, I propose spatial occupancy models specifically designed for data collected on stream and river networks. I present the statistical developments and illustrate their application using data on a semi‐aquatic mammal.

Overall, spatial stream network occupancy models offer a robust method for assessing biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems.
Anatomy and ontogeny of the “carnivorous aetosaur”: New information on Coahomasuchus kahleorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas
Authors: Parker William G. , Stocker Michelle R. , Reyes William A. , Werning Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA newly referred specimen of Coahomasuchus kahleorum (TMM 31100‐437) from the lower part of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas preserves much of the skeleton including the majority of the skull. Introduced in the literature in the 1980s as the “carnivorous aetosaur”, TMM 31100‐437 bears recurved teeth that previously were considered unique among aetosaurs. The small size of the individual led to speculation that it represents a skeletally immature individual that retains a plesiomorphic dentition for Archosauromorpha. We provide a detailed evaluation of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this specimen. Apomorphies of the osteoderms and braincase support the referral of the specimen to C. kahleorum. Histological analysis of the femur demonstrates that TMM 31100‐437 does not represent a juvenile form of another known aetosaur. Thus, TMM 31000‐437 provides another case demonstrating that aetosaur species spanned a wide range of maximum body sizes, from approximately 1.5 m to over 5 m in length. Reanalysis of the type specimen of C. kahleorum, along with information from TMM 31000‐437, demonstrates that the lateral osteoderms are not autapomorphic as previously described and have distinct lateral and medial flanges as well as a dorsal eminence. Overall, this specimen provides key details regarding body size and diet in an early occurring aetosaur.