bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives over a robust biowaste bone char-Bronsted solid acid catalyst
Authors: Siahpour Zahra , Hajjami Maryam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, the conversion of bones (waste of food industry) into bone char is described. The presence of calcium phosphate and graphitic carbon gives bone char unique properties, with different possible uses. The catalytic behavior of bone char modified with chlorosulfonic acid is tested as reusable and eco-friendly solid acid biocatalyst in synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The catalyst properties were characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, BET, SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS and XRD. The bone char catalyst can be reused several times without reducing catalyst efficiency. In addition to the various reported benefits, the first use of bone char as a catalyst support for organic synthesis is an important novelty of this study.
Analysis of queries to a Swedish drug information centre identifies scientific knowledge gaps
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Kindblom Jenny M. , Izsak Julia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrug Information Centres (DICs) are providing clinicians with evidence-based support for rational drug treatment. However, knowledge gaps in the literature may hinder DICs from offering optimal guidance. This study examined the extent and nature of these knowledge gaps and their impact on clinical pharmacological advice, using real-world query data from a Swedish regional DIC. Data from 2022 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital were analysed, focusing on queries outside off-label prescriptions and pharmaceutical aspects. A qualitative text content analysis identified phrases indicating a lack of evidence. Responses were categorized by the presence of these signalling phrases and the presence or absence of knowledge gaps. Among 209 responses, the majority were patient-specific (79%), posed by physicians (95%), and often related to adverse effects (37%). The analysis revealed that 23% of the responses had scientific knowledge gaps, and in 18% of the responses, no clinical pharmacological advice could be provided. Knowledge gaps were particularly associated with queries on adverse effects, long-term medication safety, specific patient cases and comorbidities, drug comparisons, or patient populations with limited literature coverage. This analysis highlights the potential of DICs to identify unmet clinical needs in drug treatment and to promote research for evidence-based, patient-centred drug treatment.
Non-thermal emission in galaxy groups at extremely low frequency: The case of A1213
Authors: Pasini T. , Mahatma V. H. , Brienza M. , Kolokythas K. , Eckert D. , de Gasperin F. , van Weeren R. J. , Gastaldello F. , Hoang D. , Santra R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Galaxy clusters and groups are the last link in the chain of hierarchical structure formation. Their environments can be significantly affected by outbursts from active galactic nuclei (AGN), especially in groups where the medium density is lower and the gravitational potential is shallower. Thus, interaction between AGN and group weather can greatly affect their evolution.
Aims. We investigate the non-thermal radio emission in Abell 1213, a galaxy group that is part of a larger sample of ∼50 systems (X-GAP) recently explored in XMM-Newton observations.
Methods. We exploited proprietary LOFAR 54 MHz and uGMRT 380 MHz observations, complementing them with 144 MHz LOFAR survey and XMM-Newton archival data.
Results. A1213 hosts a bright AGN associated with one of the central members, 4C 29.41, which was previously optically identified as a dumb-bell galaxy. Observations at 144 MHz at a resolution of 0.3″ have allowed us to resolve the central radio galaxy. From this source, a ∼500 kpc-long tail extends in the north-east direction. Our analysis suggests that the tail likely originated from a past outburst of 4C 29.41 and its current state might be the result of the interaction with the surrounding environment. The plateau of the spectral index distribution in the easternmost part of the tail suggests mild particle re-acceleration, which could have re-energised seed electrons from the past activity of the AGN. While we do observe a spatial and physical correlation of the extended, central emission with the thermal plasma (which might hint at a mini-halo), the current evidence cannot prove this conclusively.
Conclusions. A1213 is only the first group among the X-GAP sample that we have been able to investigate via low-frequency radio observations. Its complex environment once again demonstrates the significant impact that the interplay between thermal and non-thermal processes can exert on galaxy groups.
Parcours professionnalisant en soins primaires : un dispositif de simulation médecin généraliste – pharmacien d’officine
Authors: Boussuge Cyrielle , Richard Estelle , Garon David , Humbert Xavier 
Published: December 2024

Contexte et problématique : La collaboration interprofessionnelle entre médecins généralistes et pharmaciens d’officine est une pratique quotidienne pour ces deux professions. Or, peu d’enseignements existent afin de favoriser la communication entre ces professionnels. Objectifs : Rapporter les résultats d’une évaluation préliminaire d’un dispositif de formation visant à améliorer la communication entre les internes en médecine générale (IMG) et les étudiants en pharmacie. Méthodes : Un séminaire obligatoire d’une demi-journée pour les IMG en deuxième année (8e année) et les étudiants en pharmacie en sixième année a été mis en place. Un patient simulé suivait un parcours de soins comprenant une prescription lors d’une consultation de médecine générale puis une délivrance des médicaments au comptoir de la pharmacie. Quatre grands thèmes étaient abordés (hypertension artérielle, broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive, lombalgie, syndrome grippal) et permettaient des débriefings spécifiques. Le ressenti des étudiants (effet de l’exercice de simulation sur les relations interprofessionnelles, sentiment d’aisance à contacter un membre de l’autre profession, acquisition de compétences pour l’exercice professionnel) était évalué à l’issue de la simulation. Des tests exacts de Fisher ou de chi-2 ont été utilisés pour comparer les ressentis des étudiants des deux filières. Résultats : Du 06/04/2022 au 04/05/2022, 90 IMG et 43 étudiants en pharmacie ont participé à ces parcours de soins simulés. 70 (78 %) IMG et 30 (70 %) étudiants en pharmacie ont répondu au questionnaire. Les relations interprofessionnelles ont été améliorées par ce séminaire pour 79 % (55/70) des IMG et 80 % (24/30) des étudiants en pharmacie. Le sentiment d’aisance à contacter un membre de l’autre profession avait augmenté pour 76 % (53/70) des IMG et 83 % (25/30) des étudiants en pharmacie. Par ailleurs, 96 % (67/70) des IMG et 83 % (25/30) des étudiants en pharmacie estimaient avoir acquis des compétences pour leur exercice professionnel. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative concernant les différents items étudiés dans les deux groupes d’étudiants. Conclusion : Ce séminaire interprofessionnel entre IMG et étudiants en pharmacie a rencontré un vif succès auprès des étudiants de ces deux filières. Un projet d’élargissement de l’enseignement aux préparateurs en pharmacie est en cours.
Breit aufgestellte Forschungslandschaft zu gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Willen Christine 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich des Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) 2024 wurden die aktuellen Entwicklungen zu gastrointestinalen Tumoren mit laufenden und geplanten Studien unter anderem aus der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft e. V. vorgestellt.
Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first
year of life
Authors: Jung Clarissa , Gentil Michaela , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent
occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.
Material and Methods Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial
laboratory for a PCR-profile “Foal Diarrhea Pathogens” from 01.01.2021 up to
31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), Lawsonia
(L.) intracellularis, Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii (=R. equi),
Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpa,
cpe, cpb, etx and netF, Clostridioides (C.)
difficile toxin-encoding genes tcdA and tcdB, as well as
Rotavirus A via PCR.
Results Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the
samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study,
followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month,
netF-producing Cl. perfringens was detected frequently. In
this age group, netF-producing Cl. perfringens was as prevalent as
Rotavirus A. In comparison, R. hoagii, L. intracellularis and ECoV
were detected rarely. Cl. perfringens toxin-encoding genes cpb and
etx were not present in the examined samples. In general, the
previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be
confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and netF-positive Cl.
perfringens could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age
group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the
current study.
Conclusions In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent
occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be
ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups.
Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study,
netF-producing Cl. perfringens is an important differential
diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic
foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important
to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other
horses in the stable.
Zielgerichtete Systemtherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Etman Samer , Saalfeld Felix , Aust Daniela , Sombati Monika , Decker Rahel , Schweipert Johannes , Baum Daniel , Wermke Martin , Ploenes Till 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) fällt durch hohe Rezidivraten in den Frühstadien auf. In einer deutschen Kohorte lag das rezidivfreie Überleben nach 5 Jahren bei 62 % (Stadium IA1), 40,7 % (Stadium IIA) und 28 % (Stadium IIIA). Neben dem perioperativen Einsatz von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren drängt auch die zielgerichtete Tumortherapie als Innovation aus dem palliativen Setting in die frühen Stadien. Von besonderer Relevanz ist der Einsatz des EGFR-Inhibitors Osimertinib (EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), für den eine Verbesserung des Gesamtüberlebens in der adjuvanten Situation gezeigt wurde. In dieser praxisorientierten Übersichtarbeit beschreiben wir kurz den aktuellen Stand der adjuvanten zielgerichteten Therapie und der dazugehörigen Testung und geben einen Ausblick auf weitere Entwicklungen.
lncRNA-Signatur eignet sich als Biomarker zur Früherkennung von Magenkrebs
Authors: Di Lellis Maddalena Angela 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie hohen Sterblichkeitsraten bei Magenkrebs sind darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Diagnosen meist gestellt werden, wenn die Krankheit bereits fortgeschritten ist. Die Diagnose von Patienten mit Magenkrebs im Frühstadium ist aufgrund fehlender Screening-Strategien jedoch eine Herausforderung. Guo et al. entwickelten eine blutbasierte Signatur für lange nichtkodierende RNA (lncRNA) zur Früherkennung von Magenkrebs.
KI-gestützte Auswertung von Mammografieaufnahmen
Authors: Gräwert Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungJe früher ein Brustkrebs entdeckt wird, desto besser die Prognose. Doch in der Mammografie werden möglicherweise rund ein Viertel aller Mammakarzinome übersehen und auch konventionelle computergestützte Detektionssysteme können die diagnostische Genauigkeit der Bildgebung nicht signifikant verbessern. Kim et al. haben nun untersucht, ob künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hier helfen kann.
Längeres Follow-up für Hodgkin-Lymphom-Überlebende mit Doxorubicin-Therapie
Authors: Schulz-Hanke Ines 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungÜberlebende eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms tragen nach einer Strahlentherapie des Brustkorbs im Jugendalter ein deutlich erhöhtes Brustkrebsrisiko. Auch eine frühe Doxorubicin-Therapie steigert dieses Risiko. Sollte sie im Erwachsenenalter ebenfalls das Brustkrebsrisiko erhöhen, wäre dies sowohl für die Nachbeobachtung als auch für die Therapieplanung neu am Hodgkin-Lymphom (HL) erkrankter Frauen relevant. Eine große Kohortenstudie gibt nun Hinweise.
Diffuse Gliome: Zirkulierende Tumorzellen als Diagnose- und Prognosemarker
Authors: Dobler Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungZirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTCs – circulating tumor cells) können als nicht invasive Technik bei Krebserkrankungen zur Diagnose, zum Progressions-Monitoring und zur Prognose dienen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen soliden Tumoren liefern CTC-Konzentrationen bei Gliomen wegen unbekannter Korrelationen mit Malignität, Histopathologie und Überlebenszeiten wenig Informationen für klinische Entscheidungen. Die Studie evaluiert ihren klinischen Nutzen.
Voraussageparameter für räumliche Rezidivmuster hochgradiger Gliome
Authors: Dobler Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungHochgradige Gliome sind häufige maligne Primärtumoren des Zentralnervensystems bei Erwachsenen. Trotz Standardtherapie rezidivieren sie nach 6 bis 8 Monaten, am häufigsten als Lokalrezidive. Die Studie ging der Frage nach, ob eine Assoziation zwischen dem räumlichen Rezidivmuster und der Prognose für die Patient/-innen besteht. Außerdem untersuchte die chinesische Arbeitsgruppe, ob vaskuläre Tumorareale das räumliche Rezidivmuster voraussagen können.
Arterio–Ureteral Fistula as a Long-term Complication Following Retroperitoneal Presacral Ganglioneuroma Resection: Case Report in an Adolescent and Review of the Literature
Authors: Haecker Theresa S. , Krebs Thomas F. , Allmen Regula von , Haecker Frank-Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArterio–ureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare condition affecting nearby adult-only patients. Patients usually present with hematuria, often starting as intermittent hematuria which frequently increases, and may lead to hemorrhagic shock. Without rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment, AUF can be lethal. Risk factors for developing an AUF include a history of pelvic surgery mainly due to cancer, a history of pelvic radiation, a history of vascular surgery, or chronic indwelling ureteral stents (CIUS). Imaging to confirm diagnosis includes angiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, or retrograde pyelography, although AUF may be missed. Therefore, even if imaging is negative, the presence of hematuria of unexplained origin in combination with mentioned risk factors is highly suspicious for AUF and must be excluded.We report the case of a 16-year-old male patient who presented with a new onset of intermittent hematuria to our emergency room. The patient's history included previous pelvic surgery for resection of ganglioneuroma 6 years ago with bilateral replacement of the iliac artery and postoperative acute kidney failure with reconstruction of both ureters and CIUS. After the initial uneventful postoperative follow-up over 5 years, another Double J (DJ) catheter had to be placed into the right ureter due to hydronephrosis. Six weeks later, the patient presented with intermittent hematuria. Despite negative imaging, we performed immediate surgical exploration confirming the diagnosis of AUF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of AUF under the age of 18 years reported in the literature.In conclusion, in patients with macrohematuria and a history of the abovementioned risk factors, AUF has to be kept in mind and must be reliably excluded.
HPV-associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Rex H. , van Zante Annemieke , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , El-Sayed Ivan H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)-associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) (HPV+ SNSCC) is a recently recognized entity that accounts for up to one-third of SNSCC. Although at present these cancers are not routinely tested for HPV, the incidence is increasing and HPV+ SNSCC is associated with superior survival outcomes compared with HPV− SNSCC. Here, we present the case of a patient with HPV+ SNSCC treated with endoscopic resection followed by postoperative radiation and review the literature summarizing epidemiology and management of this disease, with emphasis on the importance of HPV testing in SNSCC.
The Effect of Prolonged Antenatal Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Preventing Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease—A Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: Lin Eena Sunya , Afridi Faraz , Mysore Sukrita Sheshu , Presenza Thomas , Kushnir Alla , Ahmed Rafat 
Published: December 2024

Background Gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is characterized by maternal IgG-directed fetal hepatocyte damage and can lead to severe liver failure and fetal or infant death. Moreover, GALD is associated with a near 90% risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
Case We present a case of a newborn patient delivered to a 32-year-old G2P1000 mother who received prolonged antenatal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment during the current pregnancy due to the neonatal death of the first child from GALD-related liver failure. Postnatal testing, including a liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and buccal biopsy of this newborn, showed normal morphology of the liver without any abnormal iron deposition. Additional laboratory testing showed a lack of any liver injury.
Conclusion This case supports the use of antenatal IVIG immunotherapy to prevent the recurrence of GALD in subsequent pregnancies.
Key Points
Prognostic Discussions in Advanced Cancer: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Patients' and Caregivers' Experiences in a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Tiwari Avinash , Ghoshal Arunangshu , Deodhar Jayita , Muckaden MaryAnn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Advanced cancer poses unique difficulties for patients, caregivers, and health care providers. Prognostic discussions are pivotal in shaping care decisions during this stage. These conversations involve health care professionals conveying disease progression, expected outcomes, and estimated life expectancy. Research consistently underscores the pivotal role of prognostic discussions in advanced cancer care, and most existing research stems from developed countries, necessitating the exploration of experiences within the Indian context.
Objective The aim of this study is to identify the themes and patterns that emerge from the narratives of patients and caregivers surrounding prognostic discussions.
Materials and Methods Using a qualitative methodology, participants were drawn from the palliative care clinic via a purposive sampling in this prospective qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was employed to understand patient and caregiver experiences. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout, obtaining informed consent and ensuring anonymity.
Results Findings from 21 participants revealed five themes shaping prognostic discussions: perception and understanding of prognostic information, emotional impact, decision-making and treatment preferences, communication with providers, and cultural and religious influences. Patients struggled to comprehend complex medical terms, while caregivers played essential roles in aiding understanding. Both groups grappled with intense emotions upon learning of limited life expectancy, impacting decision-making. Effective communication and involvement of caregivers in discussions were pivotal, and cultural and religious beliefs shaped the perspectives on death.
Conclusion This study emphasizes the intricate emotional landscape of patients and caregivers during advanced cancer prognostic discussions. It highlights the need for health care providers to undergo specialized communication training, prioritize shared decision-making, and respect cultural contexts. However, the study's limitations warrant future research for broader generalizability and long-term impact assessment.
3D numerical simulation of magnetization loss in multifilamentary MgB2 wires at 20 K
Authors: Qiao Yukai , Ainslie Mark , Sun Yueming , Badcock Rodney A , Strickland Nicholas M , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-power density all-superconducting rotating machines have potential for application in electrical aircraft motors. However, superconductors in the armature windings of such rotating machines carry AC currents under AC/rotating magnetic fields, resulting in AC losses. For reducing AC loss, low-cost, round magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires are one promising material due to their multifilamentary structure, fine filament size and tight twist. To date, previous 3D AC loss simulations have focused on MgB2 wires with a magnetic matrix operating at low frequency and 4.2 K, which are not relevant to aviation applications. In this work, 3D simulations of magnetization loss at 20 K of twisted 2-filament and 54-filament wires with a non-magnetic matrix are carried out using the finite element method, based on the
H
-formulation, with AC field amplitudes from 0.1 T to 2 T and frequencies up to 200 Hz. The measured J
c(
B
, 20 K) and n(
B
, 20 K) data of a non-magnetic MgB2 wire manufactured by Hyper Tech Research is assumed as input parameters. For the 2-filament wire, the operational frequency, the twist pitch, the filament size, the matrix resistivity, and inter-filament gap have been varied to systematically study their impacts on magnetization loss and its loss components (hysteresis loss, coupling loss and eddy currents). The simulation results show that the 2-filament wire with a 5 mm twist pitch and a higher resistivity matrix operated at 50 Hz has the lowest magnetization loss through decoupling the filaments. Furthermore, a lower coupling loss at 200 Hz for field amplitudes exceeding 1 T is observed, this is because critical coupling frequency f
c shifts to small values with increasing field amplitudes. For the 54-filament MgB2 wire, the magnetization loss of a 5 mm twist pitch and a higher resistivity matrix wire operated at 50 Hz is estimated. The simulations show that the hysteresis loss of the 54-filament wire can be well predicted by the analytical hysteresis loss equation for a cylindrical superconductor multiplied by 54 (the number of filaments) because the filaments are in an uncoupled state. Good agreement is also observed between the simulated coupling loss and the analytical coupling loss equation from Wilson book for a circular-arranged multifilamentary superconducting wire.