bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HER3 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Satake Tomoyuki , Morizane Chigusa , Okada Mao , Nishioka Mariko , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Nara Satoshi , Kakegawa Tomoya , Kobayashi Maki , Koyama Kumiko , Esaki Minoru , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is linked to resistance to targeted therapies in several cancer types, the HER3 expression profile during pancreatic cancer treatment remains unknown.AimsWe evaluated the HER3 expression status after chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and its association with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes.Materials & MethodsWe included patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent chemotherapy and whose post‐treatment archival tissue specimens were collected. HER3 expression was retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry scoring (0, 1+, 2+, and 3+) of the membranous staining intensity.ResultsHER3 expression after chemotherapy was evaluated in 41 patients, with matched‐pair analysis in five patients before and after chemotherapy. HER3 expression was observed in most of the patients after chemotherapy, demonstrating IHC scores of ≥ 1+ and ≥ 2+ in 40 (98%) and 26 (63%) of 41 patients, respectively. Of the 38 patients with adenocarcinoma, the median overall survival in the HER3 (2+/3+) and HER3 (0/1+) groups was 21.0 and 17.1 months, respectively. The comparison of HER3 expression before and after chemotherapy performed in five cases revealed that scores changed from 2+/3+ to 0/1+ in one case, 0/1+ to 2+/3+ in another case, and remained at 2+/3+ in three cases. Cancer genome profiling tests in eight cases found no HER3 amplification or mutation, and seven of these cases had adenocarcinomas with KRAS and TP53 mutations.ConclusionA high prevalence of HER3 expression was observed in pancreatic cancer patients after chemotherapy. Our findings indicate that HER3 is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer, deserving further clinical investigation.
Screening Study on Serine Protease Inhibitory Activity of 10 Plant Species
Authors: Günbatan Tuğba , Dilmaç Elif , Gökbulut Alper , Sucu Melike , Gürbüz İlhan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, in vitro serine protease inhibitory activity of 10 plant species was evaluated, and extracts that showed strong activity were analyzed through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. (leaf) and Potentilla reptans L. were found to have the highest chymotrypsin inhibitory activities (83.77% and 82.01% inhibition). The highest trypsin inhibitory activity was observed in R. caucasicum (flower) (82.86% inhibition), followed by Cruciata laevipes Opiz (82.22% inhibition). Extracts showing potent enzyme inhibition were fractioned and subjected to activity tests. The highest chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was observed in the n‐hexane fraction of P. reptans (92.90% inhibition). In comparison, the highest trypsin inhibitory activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction of Lythrum salicaria L. (89.81% inhibition). HPLC studies determined that the 80% ethanol extract of P. reptans contained chlorogenic acid. The screened plants were generally rich in phenol and flavonoid content and showed strong antioxidant activity.
A Comparative Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt and Ag in Alkaline Media
Authors: Rampf Alexander , Braig Michael , Passerini Stefano , Zeis Roswitha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvestigating the ORR under practical conditions is vital for optimizing metal–air batteries and alkaline fuel cells. Herein, we characterized Pt and Ag gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) in a GDE half‐cell in high alkaline concentrations at elevated temperatures by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) combined with the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis. The Pt catalyst's polarization curve displays substantial losses below 0.82 V vs. RHE. The DRT analysis reveals significantly increased charge transfer resistance and a decelerated ORR at that potential. RRDE measurements attributed the polarization loss observed for Pt catalysts to increased peroxide formation in this potential region triggered by the desorption of oxygenated species. Therefore, the ORR activity of Ag exceeds some of the here‐used Pt catalysts at high current densities. This work combines the benefits of the RRDE and the GDE half‐cell to study catalysts and identify the reaction mechanisms under conditions relevant to practical fuel cells and batteries. Moreover, the DRT analysis is introduced as an analytical tool to determine the charge transfer resistance contribution and the corresponding frequency of the ORR.
A review on pharmaceutical pollutants removal in water solution by catalytic ozonation using zeolite
Authors: Bavianne Wamegne Kenang Joelle , Jing Liming , Auriol Ngouana Moffo Ivane , Thomas Obwoya Rubangakene , Shuang Ai , Jiating Shi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water sources constitute a serious risk to human health and the environment. Catalytic ozonation has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing these pollutants. This procedure uses ozone with the help of catalysts to improve the oxidation of organic molecules. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in using zeolite as an ozonation catalyst in the elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants from water solutions. Zeolites have unique properties such as their high surface area, porosity, and ion‐exchange capabilities, that make them effective catalysts for the decomposition of ozone and the oxidation of organic pollutants into harmless byproducts. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of zeolite catalytic ozonation in the elimination of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solutions encompassing the working mechanisms, the determinants affecting the process's efficiency, potential obstacles, and perspective avenues for advancement within this field.
Incidence rates of soft tissue sarcoma among U.S. military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general U.S. population
Authors: Bytnar Julie A. , Anderson Ashley B. , Potter Benjamin K. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among men younger than age 30 years and a leading cause of cancer death in men younger than age 40 years. The military may be more exposed to STS risk factors and have generally better health and health care access than the general population, which may relate to lower cancer risk and/or early detection. This study compared STS incidence between servicemen and men in the general U.S. population.MethodsData were from the Department of Defense’s Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Subjects were active‐duty servicemen in ACTUR and men in SEER aged 18–59 years diagnosed with STS from 1990 to 2013. Age‐adjusted rates, incidence rate ratios (IRR), and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsSTS incidence rates were lower in ACTUR than SEER overall (IRR = 0.86 [0.78‐0.93]), for 18‐ to 39‐year‐old men (IRR = 0.78 [0.70‐0.86]), by race (White: IRR = 0.85 [0.77‐0.95]; Black: IRR = 0.77 [0.63‐0.94]), for sites other than skin/connective/soft tissue (IRR = 0.49 [0.37‐0.63]), other specified histologies (IRR = 0.84 [0.71‐0.98]), and unspecified histology (IRR = 0.57 [0.38‐0.82]). Rates were lower in ACTUR for regional (IRR = 0.37 [0.28‐0.47]) and distant metastases (IRR = 0.58 [0.43‐0.76]), even when race and age stratified. However, rates were higher in ACTUR for 40‐ to 59‐year‐old men (IRR = 1.25 [1.04‐1.48]) and localized tumors (IRR = 1.16 [1.04‐1.29]).ConclusionLower STS rates among servicemen may relate to better health and early detection and treatment of STS‐associated conditions within the military health system, which provides universal care. Higher rates among 40‐ to 59‐year‐old servicemen may result from greater cumulative military‐related exposures.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Supported Boron Quantum Dots: A Transition Metal Free Alternative for Di‐Nitrogen to Ammonia Reaction
Authors: Samudre Nikhil S. , Krishnamurty Sailaja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPresently, a sustainable electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) has been essentially found to be viable on transition metal‐based catalysts. However, being cost‐effective and non‐corrosive, metal‐free catalysts present an ideal solution for a sustainable world. Herein, through a DFT‐based study, we demonstrate metal‐free NRR catalysts, boron quantum dots with 13 atoms as a case study and their chemically modified counterparts when anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) surface. The best catalyst among the studied, a silicon‐doped boron quantum dot with a cagelike structure, is found to favour the dinitrogen to ammonia reaction pathway with a low liming potential and potential rate‐determining step (PDS) of −0.11 V and 0.27 eV, respectively. The present work demonstrates as to how boron quantum dots, which are reported to be experimentally synthesised, can be exploited for ammonia synthesis when supported on the surface. These catalysts effectively suppress the HER, thus establishing its suitability as an ideal catalyst. The work also represents a futuristic pathway towards a metal‐free catalyst for NRR.
Visualizing Volumetric and Segmentation Data using Mol* Volumes & Segmentations 2.0
Authors: Chareshneu Aliaksei , Cantara Alessio , Tichý Dominick , Sehnal David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEver‐increasing availability of experimental volumetric data (e.g., in .ccp4, .mrc, .map, .rec, .zarr, .ome.tif formats) and advances in segmentation software (e.g., Amira, Segger, IMOD) and formats (e.g., .am, .seg, .mod, etc.) have led to a demand for efficient web‐based visualization tools. Despite this, current solutions remain scarce, hindering data interpretation and dissemination. Previously, we introduced Mol* Volumes & Segmentations (Mol* VS), a web application for the visualization of volumetric, segmentation, and annotation data (e.g., semantically relevant information on biological entities corresponding to individual segmentations such as Gene Ontology terms or PDB IDs). However, this lacked important features such as the ability to edit annotations (e.g., assigning user‐defined descriptions of a segment) and seamlessly share visualizations. Additionally, setting up Mol* VS required a substantial programming background. This article presents an updated version, Mol* VS 2.0, that addresses these limitations. As part of Mol* VS 2.0, we introduce the Annotation Editor, a user‐friendly graphical interface for editing annotations, and the Volumes & Segmentations Toolkit (VSToolkit) for generating shareable files with visualization data. The outlined protocols illustrate the utilization of Mol* VS 2.0 for visualization of volumetric and segmentation data across various scales, showcasing the progress in the field of molecular complex visualization. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: VSToolkit—setting up and visualizing a user‐constructed Mol* VS 2.0 database entryBasic Protocol 2: VSToolkit—visualizing multiple time frames and volume channelsSupport Protocol 1: Example: Adding database entry idr‐13457537Alternate Protocol 1: Local‐server‐and‐viewer—visualizing multiple time frames and volume channelsSupport Protocol 2: Addition of database entry custom‐tubhiswtBasic Protocol 3: VSToolkit—visualizing a specific channel and time frameBasic Protocol 4: VSToolkit—visualizing geometric segmentationBasic Protocol 5: VSToolkit—visualizing lattice segmentationsAlternate Protocol 2: “Local‐server‐and‐viewer”—visualizing lattice segmentationsBasic Protocol 6: “Local‐server‐and‐viewer”—visualizing multiple volume channelsSupport Protocol 3: Deploying a server APISupport Protocol 4: Hosting Mol* viewer with VS extension 2.0Support Protocol 5: Example: Addition of database entry empiar‐11756Support Protocol 6: Example: Addition of database entry emd‐1273Support Protocol 7: Editing annotationsSupport Protocol 8: Addition of database entry idr‐5025553
Dynamic Release Electrolyte Design for Stable Proton Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lang Qing , Yu Jiayuan , Yang Yixiao , Che Jiulong , Chen Liang , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous proton batteries (APBs) have recently demonstrated unprecedented advantages in the fields of ultralow temperature and high‐power energy applications due to kinetically favorable proton chemistry. Proton acids (e. g. H2SO4, H3PO4) as the common proton‐conducting electrolyte, however, seriously corrode electrode materials and current collectors, resulting in limited cycle life of APBs. Here we reported protonated amine as a feasible proton transport mediator and releasing source for APBs based on its dynamic chemical dissociation equilibrium. Free protons in the electrolyte are limited to a quite low level. Consequently, the optimized electrolyte with a nearly neutral pH value significantly suppresses corrosion and broadens material selection option for APBs. The CuFe‐TBA electrode exhibited a long cycle performance over 40000 cycles with only ~0.0004 % attenuation rate per cycle in the optimized electrolyte. The WO3 and VO2(B) electrode also displayed high cycling stability. Benefiting from enhanced electrode stability in the optimized electrolyte, the resultant CuFe‐TBA/WO3 and CuFe‐TBA/VO2(B) full batteries display impressive long‐term cycling performance with high‐capacity retention. Our work presents a proton dynamic‐release electrolyte for durable APBs which is highly promising for scalable energy systems.
From the bench to the clinic: basophils and type 2 epithelial cytokines of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL‐33
Authors: Obata‐Ninomiya Kazushige , Jayaraman Tharmalingam , Ziegler Steven F 
Published: December 2024

AbstractType 2 epithelial cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL‐33, play central roles in modulation of type 2 immune cells, such as basophils. Basophils are a small subset of granulocytes within the leukocyte population that predominantly exist in the blood. They have non‐redundant roles in allergic inflammation in peripheral tissues such as the lung, skin and gut, where they increase and accumulate at inflammatory lesions and exclusively produce large amounts of IL‐4, a type 2 cytokine. These inflammatory reactions are known to be, to some extent, phenocopies of infectious diseases of ticks and helminths. Recently, biologics related to both type 2 epithelial cytokines and basophils have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of allergic diseases. We summarised the roles of Type 2 epithelial cytokines and basophils in basic science to translational medicine, including recent findings.
Changes in reproduction mediate the effects of climate change and grassland management on plant population dynamics
Authors: Andrzejak Martin , Knight Tiffany M. , Plos Carolin , Korell Lotte 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change is one of the largest threats to grassland plant species, which can be modified by land management. Although climate change and land management are expected to separately and interactively influence plant demography, this has been rarely considered in climate change experiments. We used a large‐scale experiment in central Germany to quantify the effects of grassland management, climate change, and their joint effect on the demography and population growth rate of 11 plant species all native to this temperate grassland ecosystem. We parameterized integral projection models with five years of demographic data to project population growth rate. We hypothesized that plant populations perform better in the ambient than in the future climate treatment that creates hotter and drier summer conditions. Further, we hypothesized that plant performance interactively responds to climate and land management in a species‐specific manner based on the drought, mowing, and grazing tolerances as well as the flowering phenology of each species. Due to extreme drought events, over half of our study species went quasi extinct, which highlights how extreme climate events can influence long‐term experimental results. We found no consistent support for our expectation that plants perform better in ambient compared with future climate conditions. However, several species showed interactive responses to the treatments, indicating that optimal management strategies for plant performance are expected to shift with climate change. Changes in population growth rates of these species across treatments were mostly due to changes in plant reproduction. Experiments combined with measuring plant demographic responses provide a way to isolate the effects of different drivers on the long‐term persistence of species and to identify the demographic vital rates that are critical to manage in the future. Our study suggests that it will become increasingly difficult to maintain species with preferences for moister soil conditions, and that climate and land use can interactively alter demographic responses of the remaining grassland species.
Active motor‐cognitive recovery supports reactive agility performance in trained athletes
Authors: Hülsdünker Thorben , Koster Joe , Mierau Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractActive breaks are suggested to support recovery and performance in sports. Previous research in ball and team sports focused on motor performance such as repetitive sprinting or change of direction. This does not account for the interaction between motor and cognitive task demands in sports. Therefore, this study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of an active motor‐cognitive break to support reactive agility performance. Twenty (7 female and 13 male) healthy trained young adults (mean age: 26 years) performed an active or passive 5 min break following a fatiguing protocol of six 100 m reactive agility runs with an intermittent break of 40 s. Prior to the experiment (pre), after fatigue (post), and following the rest condition (retention), a reactive agility test was performed using the SKILLCOURT technology. In addition, lactate, heartrate, and physical exertion were recorded. Active rest contained two motor‐cognitive training tasks on the SKILLCOURT combining low to moderate physical intensity with conflict inhibition and decision‐making. During passive rest, participants remained seated. When comparing post and retention agility tests, results indicate significantly stronger performance gains following the active when compared to the passive break condition (p = 0.02 and ηp2 = 0.24). This was not associated with any differences in physiological parameters such as lactate, heart rate, or RPE (p ≥ 0.25). The results suggest that active motor‐cognitive breaks support recovery and improve sport‐related reactive agility performance. Performance gains in the active break are likely attributable to cognitive performance effects rather than physiological recovery, which may benefit athletes especially in ball and team sports.
Morphological characteristics of permanent gullies and their relationship with topography in two typical agro‐geomorphic regions of Northeast China
Authors: Chen Zhuoxin , Song Qingchen , Guo Mingming , Zhou Pengchong , Wang Lixin , Chen Qiang , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGully erosion poses significant challenges to land degradation and food security. The Mollisols region of Northeast China (MNC) is the main grain‐producing region in China. The low mountainous and hilly region (MFI) and the rolling hilly region (RFI), as the prominent topographic units in MNC, have suffered significantly from severe gully erosion. However, the actual situation and influencing factors of gully erosion in both regions are still unclear. Thus, we selected two field investigation regions of 103.4 km2 in MFI and 123.9 km2 in RFI to obtain a detailed inventory of gullies. Results showed that the gully number density in MFI was 25.7 No. km−2, 8.3 times greater than in RFI. Conversely, the gully average gully length (511.7 m), width (7.8 m) and depth (2.8 m) in RFI were 156.8%, 112.6% and 37.4% greater than those in MFI, respectively. The three types of gullies, developed in different land uses (GF, farmland; GW, woodland; GR, unpaved road), had significantly varying morphologies. In RFI, GF was the longest, and GW was the widest and deepest. Conversely, in MFI, GR was the longest but exhibited the least width and depth. Notably, farmland posed the highest risk of gully erosion in both MFI and RFI, with 74.4% and 89.6% of the gullies developed there, respectively. Topography was the critical factor influencing the differences in gully erosion between the two regions. To effectively control gully erosion, topographic conditions most susceptible to gully erosion should be prioritized for attention, e.g., slopes of 8–10° and 2–4° were the slope intervals most likely to contribute to gully development in MFI and RFI, respectively. We provide the potential for large‐scale prediction of gully erosion. Corresponding prediction models based on gully area were provided and the effectiveness of the predictions was improved by separating different land uses. The study's findings could serve as a valuable foundation for gully erosion control and prediction for MNC.
The effects of secondary currents in tight bends on large wood transport in rivers: Lesson learned from Versilia flood in 1996
Authors: Innocenti Lorenzo , Paris Enio , Aberle Jochen , Solari Luca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe presence and dynamics of large wood (LW) in river systems, particularly for streams flowing through forested areas, play a significant role in shaping river morphology and influencing flood events. This paper focuses on the numerical reproduction of observed LW trajectories during a flood event in the Versilia River in 1996 in Italy. The study reach, located near Pietrasanta in Tuscany, includes a tight river bend named S. Bartolomeo. During the event, more than two thousand cubic meters of transported wood were observed at this location. In addition, due to the collapse of the outer levee, six million cubic meters of water exited the river corridor, causing the flooding of Pietrasanta. The 2D Lagrangian model Iber‐Wood was used for the numerical simulation of this event. In particular, two versions of the model were used: the original one (IB‐NSC) and the enhanced version (IB‐SC) which simulates the effects of secondary currents on LW dynamics. The results validated the applicability of the enhanced version to simulate real‐world conditions and showed that the IB‐SC model improves the agreement between observed and simulated LW trajectories by more than 20% compared to the IB‐NSC model. Examining the influence of the breach on the LW trajectories, it appears that the presence of LW during the overtopping flow intensified and accelerated the erosion process, resulting in a rapid breach formation. This study therefore highlights the importance of including secondary current effects on LW transport for the development of flood risk assessments and river management strategies, particularly in channelized rivers with tight bends or meanders.