bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape analysis of the craniofacial skeleton in children prenatally exposed to anticonvulsant medications using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Doumit Carmen M. , Saade Antoine , Will Leslie A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildren exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs may have a typical facies characterized by midfacial retrusion, a short nose, and anteverted nares. Our aim was to determine whether the shape of the maxilla was altered in its sagittal displacement, or whether the defect in the underlying articulation with the cranial base was responsible for the appearance of midface retrusion. Our hypothesis was that the sphenoid bone as well as the maxilla and other bones in the cranial base were affected by the anticonvulsant medication. The lateral cephalograms of 65 children exposed prenatally to monotherapy (phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine) were evaluated using various analyses derived from geometric morphometrics (GM) on different studied areas (maxilla, entire cranial base, spheno‐occipital region, and the total study area) and the resulting configurations compared with those of control children. Procrustes ANOVA suggested that shape variation for all the regions correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with exposure to antiepileptic drugs, and principal component analysis revealed a noticeable separation between the means of the two groups when PC1 was plotted against PC2 for all the areas studied. The cross‐validation resulting from the discriminant function analysis accurately classified between 79.5% and 88.6% of the control group and between 73.8% and 90.7% of the study group when looking at the different anatomic regions. Canonical variate analysis, applied to the sample after its separation following biological sex and stratification into two age groups, showed unequal results between males and females as well as during circumpubertal growth of the cranial base. Thus, in the exposed subjects, while the glabella was projected forward with a similar prominence in males and females, the rhinion, which is relocated more posteriorly, was more severely displaced in females as opposed to the sella, where the most important displacement occurred in males. Regarding the age groups, it revealed that patients in the younger group of both sexes exhibited a facial shape difference very early (p < 0.0001) when the comparison was performed between exposed and non‐exposed subjects. This difference was maintained in females at older ages but not in males. These details may help isolate the mechanism for the anomalies because of GM's use of shape instead of traditional linear and angular cephalometric measurements.
The effect of hedonic and eudaimonic happiness in driving altruistic food choices
Authors: Piracci Giovanna , Dominici Andrea , Boncinelli Fabio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether individual happiness affects prosocial behavior in food choices. We considered two distinct dimensions of happiness: hedonic and eudaimonic. The hedonic component is focused on pleasure, joy, and immediate gratification, while the eudaimonic aspect is related to a sense of purpose in life, personal growth, and the fulfillment of individual aspirations. We conducted a discrete choice experiment to assess if happy people are more prone to altruistic choices when buying food. The results indicate that individual happiness exerts distinct effects according to its two dimensions, eudaimonia and hedonism. We found that happiness influences the demand for ethical foods, whereas it exerts a detrimental effect on preferences for food with environmental labels.
An asymmetrical partnership: The shifting onus of Hmong heritage language teaching from families to dual‐language programs
Authors: Her Lee 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFramed by family language policy (FLP), in conjunction with the Douglas Fir Group's ecological transdisciplinary framework for second language acquisition, this multiple case study investigates the FLPs of two Hmong–American families in relation to a Hmong–English dual‐language program (DLP) where their children are enrolled. Interviews, artifacts, and family‐recorded interactions were utilized to get a full understanding of what factors at the different levels of interaction shaped their FLP. The findings reveal that both sets of parents perceived the relationship between the home and school as a partnership for their children's heritage language development, with the school taking on the onus for Hmong literacy. This resulted in both families’ more secondary role and, thus, home language practices that merely supplement the school content. Importantly, while both sets of parents held similar beliefs regarding the role of the DLP in heritage language maintenance, it was their beliefs in the value of Hmong that led to the different FLPs between the families. The article concludes with limitations and implications for schools interested in wanting to better serve their heritage language learners and families.
Altered resting‐state connectivity of the auditory cortex in congenital amusia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in Mandarin speakers
Authors: Jin Zhishuai , Huyang Sizhu , Jiang Lichen , Yan Yajun , Li Qixiong , Wu Daxing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBrain imaging studies have reported that the neural deficits of congenital amusia in non‐tonal language speakers are mainly in the connectivity between the auditory cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the right hemisphere. However, the relationship between the functional connectivity (FC) in these regions and the music perception ability of amusia in tonal language speakers remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the FC characteristics of amusia in Mandarin speakers in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data by voxel‐wise connectivity analyses with seeds in left and right Heschl's gyri (HG) and region of interest (ROI)‐to‐ROI connectivity analyses. Our findings indicate increased connectivity between right HG and bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus, as determined by voxel‐wise connectivity analyses in amusia. Conversely, reduced connectivity was observed between bilateral HG and bilateral IFG (orbital part) as assessed through ROI‐to‐ROI connectivity analyses in amusia when compared to controls. Moreover, the music perception scores of amusia in Mandarin speakers were associated with diminished connectivity between the left HG and the right IFG. This study furnishes direct evidence for the link between music perception deficits and the aberrant frontotemporal connectivity of congenital amusia in tonal language speakers in resting state.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Lumbosacral Complications Following Long‐Segment Spinal Fusion in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Jiang Tinghua , Zhang Xinuo , Su Qingjun , Meng Xianglong , Pan Aixing , Zhang Hanwen , Hai Yong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeLong‐segment spinal fusions are associated with lumbosacral complications (LSC), but the associated risk factors are not known. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for LSC after long‐segment instrumented fusion with distal fixation to the L5 vertebral body in adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 294 patients with ADS who underwent long‐segment floating fusion between January 2014 and March 2022, with follow‐up for at least 2 years. Patients were matched to the baseline data using fusion level > 5 as a grouping variable. Patients who completed matching were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of LSC. Univariate logistic regression was applied to identify potential risk factors for LSC, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for postoperative LSC.ResultsThe overall incidence of LSC was 21.77% in the 294 patients, with disc degeneration in 28 (9.52%) and radiographic ASD in 44 (14.97%) patients. The mean time to LSC development after surgery was 26.91 ± 8.43 months. A total of 54 pairs of patients were matched and grouped, and the complication group had higher Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores at the last follow‐up. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (OR = 0.274, p = 0.026 [0.087, 0.859]); levels of fusion > 5 (OR = 3.127, p = 0.029 [1.120, 8.730]), main curve correction rate (OR = 0.009, p = 0.005 [0.000, 0.330]), and postoperative pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI‐LL) > 15° (OR = 3.346, p = 0.022 [1.195, 9.373]) were independent risk factors for postoperative LSC. The area under the curve value of the prediction model was 0.804, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.715–0.892, indicating that the model had a high prediction accuracy. Collinearity statistics showed no collinearity between variables.ConclusionSex, level of fusion > 5, main curve correction rate, and postoperative PI‐LL > 15° were independent risk factors for the development of LSC after long‐segment floating fusion. These results will improve our ability to predict personal risk conditions and provide better medical optimisation for surgery.
Redefining the accumulated temperature index for accurate prediction of rice flowering time in diverse environments
Authors: Xu Xingbing , Jia Qiong , Li Sijia , Wei Julong , Ming Luchang , Yu Qi , Jiang Jing , Zhang Peng , Yao Honglin , Wang Shibo , Xia Chunjiao , Wang Kai , Jia Zhenyu , Xie Weibo 
Published: October 2024

SummaryAccurate prediction of flowering time across diverse environments is crucial for effective crop management and breeding. While the accumulated temperature index (ATI) is widely used as an indicator for estimating flowering time, its traditional definition lacks systematic evaluation and genetic basis understanding. Here, using data from 422 rice hybrids across 47 locations, we identified the optimal ATI calculation window as 1 day after sowing to 26 days before flowering. Based on this redefined ATI, we developed a single‐parameter model that outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art reaction norm index model in both accuracy and stability, especially with limited training data. We identified 10 loci significantly associated with ATI variation, including two near known flowering time genes and four linked to ecotype differentiation. To enhance practical utility, we developed an efficient flowering time prediction kit using 28 functionally relevant markers, complemented by a user‐friendly online tool (http://xielab.hzau.edu.cn/ATI). Our approach can be easily applied to other crops, as ATI is commonly used across various agricultural systems.
Fronts in Minds: A Phenomenological Study on the Effects of War News on Collective Mental Health
Authors: Gülırmak Güler Kübra , Albayrak Günday Eda 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWar has been recognized throughout history for its devastating effects on societies, and these effects have not been limited to physical destruction. In the modern era, even wars in remote regions have profound psychological effects on large masses due to the instant information transfer brought about by globalization and technology.AimThis study aims to examine in depth the effects of exposure to war news on the collective mental health of individuals through a phenomenological approach.MethodsIn this qualitative study using a phenomenological research design, one of the purposive sampling methods, criterion sampling, was employed. Face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews lasting approximately 35–45 min were conducted with 20 participants. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the obtained data. Data were collected according to COREQ criteria.ResultsAccording to the analysis results, three main categories emerged as follows: echoes of collective anxiety, keys to maintaining spiritual resilience, and navigating the media storm.DiscussionThis research provides important findings on the psychological and social effects of the media by examining the impact of war news on public mental health in depth. It was determined that war news has the potential to spread social anxiety and fear. Participants expressed the negative effects of war news on psychological and physical health and stated that this situation creates a wide wave of anxiety and psychological storms. The constant coverage of war news in the media also affects social empathy, shaping society's ability to support each other in times of crisis.
R2R3‐MYB repressor, BrMYB32, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Lim Sun‐Hyung , Kim Da‐Hye , Lee Jong‐Yeol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthocyanin‐enriched Chinese cabbage has health‐enhancing antioxidant properties. Although various regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified, the role of individual repressors in this process remains underexplored. This study identifies and characterizes the R2R3‐MYB BrMYB32 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), which acts as a repressor in anthocyanin biosynthesis. BrMYB32 expression is significantly upregulated under anthocyanin inductive conditions, such as sucrose and high light treatment. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing BrMYB32 show decreased anthocyanin levels and downregulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in flowers, highlighting BrMYB32's repressive role. Located in the nucleus, BrMYB32 interacts with the TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (BrTT8), a basic helix–loop–helix protein, but no interaction was detected with the R2R3‐MYB protein PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 (BrPAP1). Functional assays in Chinese cabbage cotyledons and tobacco leaves demonstrate that BrMYB32 represses the transcript level of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, thereby inhibiting pigment accumulation. Promoter activation assays further reveal that BrMYB32 inhibits the transactivation of CHALCONE SYNTHASE and DIHYDROFLAVONOL REDUCTASE through the C1 and C2 motifs. Notably, BrMYB32 expression is induced by BrPAP1, either alone or in co‐expression with BrTT8, and subsequently regulates the expression of these activators. It verifies that BrMYB32 not only interferes with the formation of an active MYB–bHLH–WD40 complex but also downregulates the transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, thereby fine‐tuning anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings suggest a model in which anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage is precisely regulated by the interplay between activators and repressors.
Long‐term immunological changes after corrective cardiac surgery
Authors: Bilgic‐Eltan Sevgi , Amirov Razin , Babayeva Royale , Yorgun Altunbas Melek , Karakurt Tuba , Can Salim , Yalcin Gungoren Ezgi , Bozkurt Selcen , Ozturk Necmiye , Catak Mehmet Cihangir , Bulutoglu Alper , Onder Gizem , Ng Yuk Yin , Hatırnaz Ng Ozden , Karakoc‐Aydiner Elif , Ozen Ahmet Oguzhan , Baris Safa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInfants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often undergo thymectomy during corrective cardiac surgery (CCS). The long‐term immunological effects remain controversial, with concerns regarding increased susceptibility to infections, allergies, autoimmunity due to compromised immune tolerance mechanisms. This study aims to elucidate the long‐term immunological effects of early thymectomy. We enrolled 22 patients who underwent thymectomy in infancy and were followed up in the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic at Marmara University. We performed demographic characteristics and detailed immunological evaluation, including immunoglobulins, vaccine responses, lymphocyte subset analyses, upregulation, proliferation of T cells and T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Sixteen patients had a history of infection, including six serious infections, all in the first year. Lymphopenia was observed in 27% of patients, with a significant decrease in naive CD4+ and recent thymic emigrant T cells counts and an increase in the proportion of memory T‐cells, indicating premature immune senescence. Low levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were found in 36%, 40% and 22% of patients respectively. Vaccine responses were positive in 90% of patients. TREC levels were low in all 10 patients analysed. Seven of nine patients had normal proliferation. Twenty‐two percent of patients had allergic disease, and autoimmunity was not observed. Early thymectomy leads to permanent immunological changes that are indicative of early immunosenescence. It is recommended to preserve thymic tissue during surgery and requires long‐term follow‐up in terms of findings such as allergy and autoimmunity as well as infections due to impaired immune tolerance mechanisms.
Intra‐Rater Reliability of Panoramic Ultrasound Imaging for Determining Quadriceps Muscle Cross‐Sectional Area in Middle‐Aged and Elderly Adults
Authors: Sørensen Brian , Magnusson S. Peter , Couppé Christian , Suetta Charlotte , Johannsen Finn E. , Kristensen Morten Tange , Aagaard Per 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPanoramic ultrasound (US) is an extended field‐of‐view (EFOV) imaging technique that enables visualization of large‐scale skeletal muscles. This technique has previously been found to produce valid and reliable quantifications of muscle morphology in primarily young male subjects. The purpose was to investigate the intra‐rater between‐session test–retest reliability of panoramic US imaging for determining vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) cross‐sectional area (mCSA) in healthy middle‐aged to elderly adults. In this cross‐sectional study, axial panoramic US images of the RF and VL muscles were captured in 23 healthy females and males aged 47 to 78. Assessed across two sessions 3–7 days apart, intra‐rater reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,2), within‐subject coefficient of variation , standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Mean mCSA for RF was mean ± SD, 7.5 ± 2.7 cm2 on both test days, with a numeric difference of 0.8%. Mean VL mCSA was 20.6 ± 6.6 cm2 and 20.5 ± 6.5 cm2 on test days 1 and 2, respectively. Test–retest ICC were: 0.997 (95% CI: 0.994–0.999) for RF and 0.995 (95% CI: 0.989–0.998) for VL. was 2.6% for RF and 2.4% for VL. SEM was 0.2 cm2 for RF and 0.5 cm2 for VL. MDC was 0.4 cm2 for RF and 1.3 cm2 for VL. In conclusion, panoramic EFOV US is a highly reliable imaging technique for assessing RF and VL mCSA in middle‐aged and elderly adults. These findings endorse the clinical and research utility of EFOV US and its sensitivity for detecting even minor changes in skeletal muscle size.
Changes in 24‐h Movement Behaviors During Relationship and Parenthood Transitions: A Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Lindstedt Milja , Rasmussen Charlotte Lund , Leskinen Tuija , Pasanen Jesse , Rovio Suvi , Heinonen Olli J. , Viikari Jorma , Rönnemaa Tapani , Niinikoski Harri , Raitakari Olli , Stenholm Sari , Pahkala Katja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is scarcity of studies using device‐based measures to examine how relationship and parenthood transitions modify 24‐h movement behaviors. This study examined how the composition of 24‐h movement behaviors changes during these life transitions. Young adults (n = 170, mean age 25.6 years, SD 0.6) from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) wore wrist‐worn accelerometers for 1 week and completed questionnaire at ages 26 and 31 years. Participants were categorized by relationship status into single (16%), those transitioning from single to partnered (31%), partnered (47%), and separated (7%), and by parenthood status into non‐parents (73%), new parents (19%), and parents (8%). Changes in daily movement behaviors, including sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), were examined using compositional linear mixed models. In general, LPA and MVPA decreased relative to sleep and SED (p = 0.007). Differences emerged between LPA and MVPA in relationship and parenthood groups (p for group × time interaction 0.008 and 0.001). Those transitioning to partnership decreased MVPA by 17 min/day, while partnered and separated individuals showed no notable MVPA change but decreased LPA by 14 and 43 min/day. Single individuals and non‐parents decreased LPA and MVPA in similar proportions. New parents decreased MVPA by 20 min/day, while parents increased it by 19 min/day. Becoming first‐time parent and starting relationship was associated with decline of MVPA. Our results suggest the importance of considering these life transitions and providing guidance for maintaining physical activity despite changes in life situations.
Decarbonization and the Capitalist State
Authors: Soener Matthew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDecarbonization is the most important challenge of our time. Though quite modest, states are taking more climate action. How should we approach these efforts? Sociologists have paid less attention to decarbonization overall but frameworks in political sociology can make sense of state power and climate politics. In this review, I first discuss two sets of literature. The first extends “state‐capacity” and institutionalist frameworks. The second is based on radical and Marxist state theories. Following this, I draw from Mann's concept of “infrastructural power” which combines elements of both and can situate state power in a transnational context. Using this concept and recent literature in political economy, I discuss three infrastructures—finance, trade, and energy—and consequential ways states have altered them in recent years. These actions reveal profound geoeconomic contradictions which will undermine decarbonization. Together, this review provides a wide survey of state theories and macroscopic climate politics with the hope of spurring further discussion and debate.
Distributions of MICA and MICB Alleles Typed by Amplicon‐Based Next‐Generation Sequencing in South Koreans
Authors: Choi Eun‐Jeong , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Kim Jin‐Hyeok , Baek In‐Cheol 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMajor histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related genes A and B (MICA and MICB) play a role as ligands in activating the NKG2D receptor expressed in natural killer cells, γδ T‐cells and αβ CD8 T‐cells and have been defined in human diseases and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MICA and MICB alleles were genotyped at the three‐field level by amplicon‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using a MiSeqDx system and compared with the results from previous studies in healthy South Korean donors. Exons 2–5 of MICA and exons 2–4 of MICB were amplified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence reads of ≥ 51 depth counts were consistently obtained for each sample exon, and target exons were determined to match reference sequences contained in the IPD‐IMGT/HLA database. MICA and MICB alleles were tested using exon combinations. The program was designed to recognise specific sequences and discriminate between the MICA*008:01:01/*027 alleles. A total of 22 alleles were found in MICA and MICB. We observed 1 HLA‐C ~ HLA‐B ~ MICA ~ MICB ~ HLA‐DRB1 haplotype with significant linkage disequilibrium between alleles at all neighbouring HLA loci. These results are consistent with previous microarray results. Genotyping of MICA and MICB was possible using 11‐loci HLA genes. We updated the distribution of MICA and MICB based on three‐field allele and haplotype frequencies containing linkage disequilibrium in South Koreans using amplicon‐based NGS. These data suggest that high‐resolution MICA and MICB typing data obtained using NGS may aid in performing HSCT and disease association studies.
Next Generation Sequencing Identifies Two Novel HLA‐B Alleles, HLA‐B*37:113 and HLA‐B*41:02:12
Authors: Loginova Maria , Obukhov Ivan , Paramonov Igor 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe identified two novel HLA‐B alleles by NGS, HLA‐B*37:113 and HLA‐B*41:02:12.