bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Chinese famine exposure in early life on dietary patterns and chronic diseases of adults
Authors: Zhou Jielin , Sheng Jie , Fan Yong , Zhu Xingmeng , Tao Qi , Liu Kaiyong , Hu Chunqiu , Ruan Liang , Yang Linsheng , Tao Fangbiao , Wang Sufang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of famine exposure during early life on dietary patterns, chronic diseases, and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases in adulthood.DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Multivariate quantile regression and log-binomial regression were used to evaluate the impact of famine exposure on dietary patterns, chronic diseases and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases, respectively.SettingHefei, China.ParticipantsAdults aged 45–60 years (n 939).Results‘Healthy’, ‘high-fat and high-salt’, ‘Western’ and ‘traditional Chinese’ dietary patterns were identified. Early-childhood and mid-childhood famine exposure were remarkably correlated with high intake of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern. Compared with the non-exposed group (prevalence ratio (PR); 95 % CI), early-childhood (3·13; 1·43, 6·84) and mid-childhood (2·37; 1·05, 5·36) exposed groups showed an increased PR for diabetes, and the early-childhood (2·07; 1·01, 4·25) exposed group showed an increased PR for hypercholesterolaemia. Additionally, relative to the combination of non-exposed group and low-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern, the combination of famine exposure in early life and high-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern in adulthood had higher PR for diabetes (4·95; 1·66, 9·05) and hypercholesterolaemia (3·71; 1·73, 7·60), and significant additive interactions were observed.ConclusionsHaving suffered the Chinese famine in childhood might affect an individual’s dietary habits and health status, and the joint effect between famine and harmful dietary pattern could have serious consequences on later-life health outcomes.
The long-term effects of employer-sponsored pension plans on non-workplace returns on investments
Authors: Messacar Derek , Morissette René 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhat is the effect of having an employer-sponsored pension plan (EPP) on financial performance in non-workplace investments? This paper offers new insight into this unresolved empirical issue using administrative data on more than 345,000 tax filers from Canada. The paper makes two key contributions. First, an approach for inferring relative returns on investments is developed based on a longitudinal analysis of saving flow-of-funds and wealth data related to the use of the tax-free savings account (TFSA). The analysis shows that there is substantial heterogeneity in asset balances across individuals with equivalent saving histories. Second, having an EPP is shown to raise the average return on investment in other tax-preferred saving plans, albeit by a modest amount of approximately 0.50–1.25% over 5 years since the TFSA was introduced. This result is robust to augmenting the analysis to an instrumental variables approach, exploiting variation in the availability of EPPs across cohorts by sex and industry of employment.
Integration vs separation in the provision of health care: 24 OECD countries compared
Authors: Toth Federico 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a classification of the different national health care systems based on the way the network of health care providers is organised. To this end, we present two rivalling models: on the one hand, the integrated model and, on the other, the separated model. These two models are defined based on five dimensions: (1) integration of insurer and provider; (2) integration of primary and secondary care; (3) presence of gatekeeping mechanisms; (4) patient's freedom of choice; and (5) solo or group practice of general practitioners. Each of these dimensions is applied to the health care systems of 24 OECD countries. If we combine the five dimensions, we can arrange the 24 national cases along a continuum that has the integrated model and the separated model at the two opposite poles. Portugal, Spain, New Zealand, the UK, Denmark, Ireland and Israel are to be considered highly integrated, while Italy, Norway, Australia, Greece and Sweden have moderately integrated provision systems. At the opposite end, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Switzerland and Turkey have highly separated provision systems. Canada, The Netherlands and the United States can be categorised as moderately separated.
“Everybody Makes Up Folksongs”: Pete Seeger's 1950s College Concerts and the Democratic Potential of Folk Music
Authors: BLAKE DAVID 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the 1950s, while blacklisted from the music industry and investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee, Pete Seeger performed at colleges and universities across the United States. Although these concerts were crucial to his political work during the decade—Seeger repeatedly called them “the most important job I ever did in my life”—they have been neglected in scholarship. This article positions Seeger's campus concerts as crucial sites for demonstrating the democratic potential of folk music. Seeger sought to teach his audiences that folk music was an everyday activity created by people around the world, as well as an inherently participatory genre that could model civic cooperation. The democratic and educational purposes of his concerts marked a change from the labor advocacy of his 1940s work, and reflected ideas that he was then promulgating in hisSing Out!columns and Folkways Records. This essay examines his appearance at Cornell University on December 6, 1954 to illustrate three dimensions of Seeger's conception of democracy: audience participation, pluralistic repertoire, and rejection of the music industry. While illustrating Seeger's political actions, the Cornell concert also surfaces a tension between democratic participation and the class dynamics inherent in performing folk music for collegiate audiences.
A Love Song for All of Us?: Macklemore's “Same Love” and the Myth of Black Homophobia
Authors: KEHRER LAURON 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccording to theNew York Times, white rapper Macklemore and his DJ partner Ryan Lewis's “Same Love” was “the first song to explicitly embrace and promote gay marriage that has made it into the Top 40.”1In 2013, as the Supreme Court of the United States prepared to rule on challenges to the Federal Defense of Marriage Act and California's Proposition 8, which banned same-sex marriage, the track quickly climbed the charts and became a nationally recognized anthem for marriage equality. Despite this generally positive reception, however, the song does not reflect all queer-identified listeners. Macklemore raps, “If I were gay, I would think hip hop hates me,” an assertion that positions black communities as a significant threat to (white) LGBTQ rights. Much like the backlash against black voters following the 2008 passing of Proposition 8, this claim relies on an invented black pathology that locates homophobia in black American culture specifically rather than American culture at large. This article offers a close reading and contextualization of “Same Love” and demonstrates that, rather than combating homophobia in hip hop, Macklemore's lyrical claims actually bolster his strategic performance as a socially and politically aware white rapper, while erasing queer and trans hip hop artists of color from the discourse.
Feeding structures in the ray-finned fishEurynotus crenatus(Actinopterygii: Eurynotiformes): implications for trophic diversification among Carboniferous actinopterygians
Authors: FRIEDMAN Matt , PIERCE Stephanie E. , COATES Michael , GILES Sam 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe Permo-Carboniferous eurynotiforms show conspicuous modifications to postcranial and cranial morphology relative to primitive actinopterygian conditions, and represent an important early example of functional experimentation within ray-finned fishes. Although eurynotiforms are represented by abundant articulated fossil material, the internal anatomy of the group is not well known. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) ofEurynotus crenatusfrom the early Carboniferous (Viséan) Wardie Shales Member of the Gullane Formation of Wardie, Scotland provides detailed information on the jaws, palate and dentition. The lower jaw is deep and bears a well-developed convex dental plate on the prearticular/coronoids. The dentary bears a dorsally directed posterior process and lacks any obvious marginal dentition. The prearticular bears a low coronoid process. Apart from the first and second dermopalatines, and a likely accessory vomer, bones of the palate are tightly sutured or fused. The upper dental plate comprises a longitudinal, concave horizontal dental surface that occludes with the convex lower toothplate, and a more vertical region consisting of anastomosing ridges. The parasphenoid has a narrow anterior corpus and a broad posterior stalk that bears a pronounced midline notch. The smooth, irregularly punctated surfaces of the dental plates are formed by closely packed teeth with conjoined crowns, providing clues to the evolution of the more monolithic toothplates ofAmphicentrumfrom the peg-like teeth reported in the earliest and most anatomically generalised eurynotiforms. The feeding apparatus shows many qualitative and quantitative features consistent with the processing of hard prey items.Eurynotusand its relatives show the first clear example of jaw and dental structures consistent with durophagy among actinopterygians. The origin of the group in the early Carboniferous is suggestive of diversification into newly available ecological roles in the aftermath of the end-Devonian extinction.
Upper Mantle Earth Structure in Africa From Full‐Wave Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Emry E. L. , Shen Y. , Nyblade A. A. , Flinders A. , Bao X. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur understanding of the tectonic development of the African continent and the interplay between its geological provinces is hindered by unevenly distributed seismic instrumentation. In order to better understand the continent, we used long‐period ambient noise full‐waveform tomography on data collected from 186 broadband seismic stations throughout Africa and surrounding regions to better image the upper mantle structure. We extracted empirical Green's functions from ambient seismic noise using a frequency‐time normalization method and retrieved coherent signal at periods of 7–340 s. We simulated wave propagation through a heterogeneous Earth using a spherical finite‐difference approach to obtain synthetic waveforms, measured the misfit as phase delay between the data and synthetics, calculated numerical sensitivity kernels using the scattering integral approach, and iteratively inverted for structure. The resulting images of isotropic, shear wave speed for the continent reveal segmented, low‐velocity upper mantle beneath the highly magmatic northern and eastern sections of the East African Rift System (EARS). In the southern and western sections, high‐velocity upper mantle dominates, and distinct, low‐velocity anomalies are restricted to regions of current volcanism. At deeper depths, the southern and western EARS transition to low velocities. In addition to the EARS, several low‐velocity anomalies are scattered through the shallow upper mantle beneath Angola and North Africa, and some of these low‐velocity anomalies may be connected to a deeper feature. Distinct upper mantle high‐velocity anomalies are imaged throughout the continent and suggest multiple cratonic roots within the Congo region and possible cratonic roots within the Sahara Metacraton.
Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations
Authors: Didlake Anthony C. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDual‐polarization radar observations of Hurricane Irma (2017) provide new insight into the microphysical structure of a mature tropical cyclone that can be tied to the cyclone dynamics. The primary eyewall exhibited a radar signature of hydrometeor size sorting, which implied that large drops fell out near persistent upward motion in the front‐right quadrant of the storm, while smaller drops were advected downstream. In the outer rainbands, convective initiation was also preferred in the front‐right quadrant, whereas stratiform precipitation was predominant downwind. For both the primary eyewall and outer rainbands, the preferred quadrant for convective initiation was consistent with the expected kinematic asymmetry of a tropical cyclone in weak environmental wind shear but with moderate translation speed. The developing secondary eyewall exhibited a different asymmetry that indicated a stratiform‐to‐convective transition associated with heavy precipitation in the rear quadrants. This transition is consistent with hypothesized dynamical theories for secondary eyewall formation.
Increasing Frequency of Midtropospheric Dry Layers in the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone
Authors: Bartos Elissa A. , Rapp A. D. , Wodzicki K. R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent long‐term characterization of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shows that the ITCZ has narrowed, which may be due to the enhanced transport of dry air layers from the subtropics. In this study, we examine the relationship between the frequency of midtropospheric dry layers and ITCZ width. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim midtroposphere (400 to 600 hPa) relative humidity is used to create a 36‐year (1979–2014) dry layer climatology for the Pacific ITCZ region. Analysis shows an inverse relationship between ITCZ width and dry layer frequency, with ITCZ width decreasing as the frequency of dry layers increases. Moreover, findings show that the region of greatest long‐term increase in dry layer frequency occurs in the central Pacific, where the greatest narrowing of the ITCZ is also observed.
How the Yermak Pass Branch Regulates Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Crews L. , Sundfjord A. , Hattermann T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Yermak Plateau is a topographic obstacle which warm water in the West Spitsbergen Current (Atlantic Water) must pass in order to enter the Arctic Ocean. The main route for Atlantic Water to cross the Yermak Plateau is the Yermak Pass Branch, a winter‐intensified pathway characterized by pulse‐like high‐transport events. Here we use an eddy‐resolving sea ice and ocean model to investigate oceanographic conditions that promote flow over the Yermak Plateau. Yermak Pass Branch pulses were associated with a warmer, faster West Spitsbergen Current; these conditions created a region of high offshore Ertel potential vorticity upstream of the plateau. As potential vorticity was low in the current itself, this region of high offshore potential vorticity acted as a barrier that guided flow onto the plateau. During times of enhanced recirculation in Fram Strait, this offshore potential vorticity barrier was weaker, likely allowing the current to deflect away from the continental slope. Through this potential vorticity mechanism, the upstream hydrography of the West Spitsbergen Current can determine how much Atlantic Water crosses the plateau, implying that less dense West Spitsbergen Current core water promotes more inflow into the Arctic Ocean and less recirculation in Fram Strait.
Cloud Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss and Implications for Future Feedback in the CESM1 Climate Model
Authors: Morrison A. L. , Kay J. E. , Frey W. R. , Chepfer H. , Guzman R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOver the next century, the Arctic is projected to become seasonally sea ice‐free. Assessing feedback between clouds and sea ice as the Arctic loses sea ice cover is important because of clouds' radiative impacts on the Arctic surface. Here we investigate present‐day and future Arctic cloud‐sea ice relationships in a fully coupled global climate model forced by business‐as‐usual increases in greenhouse gases. Model evaluation using a lidar simulator and lidar satellite observations shows agreement between present‐day modeled and observed cloud‐sea ice relationships. Summer clouds are unaffected by sea ice variability, but more fall clouds occur over open water than over sea ice. Because the model reproduces observed cloud‐sea ice relationships and their underlying physical mechanisms, the model is used to assess future Arctic cloud‐sea ice feedback. With future sea ice loss, modeled summer cloud fraction, vertical structure, and optical depth barely change. Future sea ice loss does not influence summer clouds, but summer sea ice loss does drive fall cloud changes by increasing the amount of sunlight absorbed by the summertime ocean and the latent and sensible heat released into the atmosphere when the Sun sets in fall. The future fall boundary layer deepens and clouds become more opaque over newly open water. The future nonsummer longwave cloud radiative effect strengthens as nonsummer cloud cover increases. In summary, we find no evidence for a summer cloud‐sea ice feedback but strong evidence for a positive cloud‐sea ice feedback that emerges during nonsummer months as the Arctic warms and sea ice disappears.
Single crystal hybrid perovskite field-effect transistors
Authors: Yu Weili , Li Feng , Yu Liyang , Niazi Muhammad R. , Zou Yuting , Corzo Daniel , Basu Aniruddha , Ma Chun , Dey Sukumar , Tietze Max L. , Buttner Ulrich , Wang Xianbin , Wang Zhihong , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Guo Chunlei , Wu Tom , Amassian Aram 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fields of photovoltaics, photodetection and light emission have seen tremendous activity in recent years with the advent of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Yet, there have been far fewer reports of perovskite-based field-effect transistors. The lateral and interfacial transport requirements of transistors make them particularly vulnerable to surface contamination and defects rife in polycrystalline films and bulk single crystals. Here, we demonstrate a spatially-confined inverse temperature crystallization strategy which synthesizes micrometre-thin single crystals of methylammonium lead halide perovskites MAPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) with sub-nanometer surface roughness and very low surface contamination. These benefit the integration of MAPbX3 crystals into ambipolar transistors and yield record, room-temperature field-effect mobility up to 4.7 and 1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 in p and n channel devices respectively, with 104 to 105 on-off ratio and low turn-on voltages. This work paves the way for integrating hybrid perovskite crystals into printed, flexible and transparent electronics.
aPKC controls endothelial growth by modulating c-Myc via FoxO1 DNA-binding ability
Authors: Riddell Meghan , Nakayama Akiko , Hikita Takao , Mirzapourshafiyi Fatemeh , Kawamura Takuji , Pasha Ayesha , Li Mengnan , Masuzawa Mikio , Looso Mario , Steinbacher Tim , Ebnet Klaus , Potente Michael , Hirose Tomonori , Ohno Shigeo , Fleming Ingrid , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Aung Phyu P. , Phung Thuy , Yamasaki Osamu , Yanagi Teruki , Umemura Hiroshi , Nakayama Masanori 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStrict regulation of proliferation is vital for development, whereas unregulated cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. The polarity protein atypical protein kinase C lambda/iota (aPKCλ) is associated with cell proliferation through unknown mechanisms. In endothelial cells, suppression of aPKCλ impairs proliferation despite hyperactivated mitogenic signaling. Here we show that aPKCλ phosphorylates the DNA binding domain of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcription factor, a gatekeeper of endothelial growth. Although mitogenic signaling excludes FoxO1 from the nucleus, consequently increasing c-Myc abundance and proliferation, aPKCλ controls c-Myc expression via FoxO1/miR-34c signaling without affecting its localization. We find this pathway is strongly activated in the malignant vascular sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and aPKC inhibition reduces c-Myc expression and proliferation of angiosarcoma cells. Moreover, FoxO1 phosphorylation at Ser218 and aPKC expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of malignant cancers, like angiosarcoma.
Effective weight control via an implanted self-powered vagus nerve stimulation device
Authors: Yao Guang , Kang Lei , Li Jun , Long Yin , Wei Hao , Ferreira Carolina A. , Jeffery Justin J. , Lin Yuan , Cai Weibo , Wang Xudong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn vivo vagus nerve stimulation holds great promise in regulating food intake for obesity treatment. Here we present an implanted vagus nerve stimulation system that is battery-free and spontaneously responsive to stomach movement. The vagus nerve stimulation system comprises a flexible and biocompatible nanogenerator that is attached on the surface of stomach. It generates biphasic electric pulses in responsive to the peristalsis of stomach. The electric signals generated by this device can stimulate the vagal afferent fibers to reduce food intake and achieve weight control. This strategy is successfully demonstrated on rat models. Within 100 days, the average body weight is controlled at 350 g, 38% less than the control groups. This work correlates nerve stimulation with targeted organ functionality through a smart, self-responsive system, and demonstrated highly effective weight control. This work also provides a concept in therapeutic technology using artificial nerve signal generated from coordinated body activities.
Routes of Zika virus dissemination in the testis and epididymis of immunodeficient mice
Authors: Tsetsarkin Konstantin A. , Maximova Olga A. , Liu Guangping , Kenney Heather , Teterina Natalia , Bloom Marshall E. , Grabowski Jeffrey M. , Mlera Luwanika , Nagata Bianca M. , Moore Ian , Martens Craig , Amaro-Carambot Emerito , Lamirande Elaine W. , Whitehead Stephen S. , Pletnev Alexander G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the male reproductive tract (MRT) poses new challenges for controlling virus outbreaks and developing live-attenuated vaccines. To elucidate routes of ZIKV dissemination in the MRT, we here generate microRNA-targeted ZIKV clones that lose the infectivity for (1) the cells inside seminiferous tubules of the testis, or (2) epithelial cells of the epididymis. We trace ZIKV dissemination in the MRT using an established mouse model of ZIKV pathogenesis. Our results support a model in which ZIKV infects the testis via a hematogenous route, while infection of the epididymis can occur via two routes: (1) hematogenous/lymphogenous and (2) excurrent testicular. Co-targeting of the ZIKV genome with brain-, testis-, and epididymis-specific microRNAs restricts virus infection of these organs, but does not affect virus-induced protective immunity in mice and monkeys. These defined alterations of ZIKV tropism represent a rational design of a safe live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine.