bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian evidence and epidemiological implications of environmental contamination from acute respiratory infection in long-term care facilities
Authors: Diaz-Decaro J.D. , Launer B. , Mckinnell J.A. , Singh R. , Dutciuc T.D. , Green N.M. , Bolaris M. , Huang S.S. , Miller L.G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSkilled nursing home facilities (SNFs) house a vulnerable population frequently exposed to respiratory pathogens. Our study aims to gain a better understanding of the transmission of nursing home-acquired viral respiratory infections in non-epidemic settings. Symptomatic surveillance was performed in three SNFs for residents exhibiting acute respiratory symptoms. Environmental surveillance of five high-touch areas was performed to assess possible transmission. All resident and environmental samples were screened using a commercial multiplex polymerase chain reaction platform. Bayesian methods were used to evaluate environmental contamination. Among nursing home residents with respiratory symptoms, 19% had a detectable viral pathogen (parainfluenza-3, rhinovirus/enterovirus, RSV, or influenza B). Environmental contamination was found in 20% of total room surface swabs of symptomatic residents. Environmental and resident results were all concordant. Target period prevalence among symptomatic residents ranged from 5.5 to 13.3% depending on target. Bayesian analysis quantifies the probability of environmental shedding due to parainfluenza-3 as 92.4% (95% CI: 86.8–95.8%) and due to rhinovirus/enterovirus as 65.6% (95% CI: 57.9–72.5%). Our findings confirm that non-epidemic viral infections are common among SNF residents exhibiting acute respiratory symptoms and that environmental contamination may facilitate further spread with considerable epidemiological implications. Findings further emphasise the importance of environmental infection control for viral respiratory pathogens in long-term care facilities.
Brain structural covariance network centrality in maltreated youth with PTSD and in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD
Authors: Sun Delin , Haswell Courtney C. , Morey Rajendra A. , De Bellis Michael D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChild maltreatment is a major cause of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have not investigated potential differences in network architecture in maltreated youth with PTSD and those resilient to PTSD. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging brain scans at 3 T were completed in maltreated youth with PTSD (n= 31), without PTSD (n= 32), and nonmaltreated controls (n= 57). Structural covariance network architecture was derived from between-subject intraregional correlations in measures of cortical thickness in 148 cortical regions (nodes). Interregional positive partial correlations controlling for demographic variables were assessed, and those correlations that exceeded specified thresholds constituted connections in cortical brain networks. Four measures of network centrality characterized topology, and the importance of cortical regions (nodes) within the network architecture were calculated for each group. Permutation testing and principle component analysis method were employed to calculate between-group differences. Principle component analysis is a methodological improvement to methods used in previous brain structural covariance network studies. Differences in centrality were observed between groups. Larger centrality was found in maltreated youth with PTSD in the right posterior cingulate cortex; smaller centrality was detected in the right inferior frontal cortex compared to youth resilient to PTSD and controls, demonstrating network characteristics unique to pediatric maltreatment-related PTSD. Larger centrality was detected in right frontal pole in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD compared to youth with PTSD and controls, demonstrating structural covariance network differences in youth resilience to PTSD following maltreatment. Smaller centrality was found in the left posterior cingulate cortex and in the right inferior frontal cortex in maltreated youth compared to controls, demonstrating attributes of structural covariance network topology that is unique to experiencing maltreatment. This work is the first to identify cortical thickness-based structural covariance network differences between maltreated youth with and without PTSD. We demonstrated network differences in both networks unique to maltreated youth with PTSD and those resilient to PTSD. The networks identified are important for the successful attainment of age-appropriate social cognition, attention, emotional processing, and inhibitory control. Our findings in maltreated youth with PTSD versus those without PTSD suggest vulnerability mechanisms for developing PTSD.
Population status of four endemic land bird species after an unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island
Authors: BOND ALEXANDER L. , BROOKE M. DE L. , CUTHBERT RICHARD J. , LAVERS JENNIFER L. , MCCLELLAND GREGORY T.W. , CHURCHYARD THOMAS , DONALDSON ANGUS , DUFFIELD NEIL , FORREST ALICE , HARRISON GAVIN , MACKINNON LORNA , PROUD TARA , SKINNER ANDREW , TORR NICK , VICKERY JULIET A. , OPPEL STEFFEN 
Published: April 2018

SummaryInvasive rodents detrimentally affect native bird species on many islands worldwide, and rodent eradication is a useful tool to safeguard endemic and threatened species. However, especially on tropical islands, rodent eradications can fail for various reasons, and it is unclear whether the temporary reduction of a rodent population during an unsuccessful eradication operation has beneficial effects on native birds. Here we examine the response of four endemic land bird species on subtropical Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Island Group, South Pacific Ocean, following an unsuccessful rodent eradication in 2011. We conducted point counts at 25 sampling locations in 14 survey periods between 2011 and 2015, and modelled the abundance trends of all species using binomial mixture models accounting for observer and environmental variation in detection probability. Henderson Reed Warbler Acrocephalus taiti more than doubled in abundance (2015 population estimate: 7,194-28,776), and Henderson Fruit Dove Ptilinopus insularis increased slightly between 2011 and 2015 (2015 population estimate: 4,476–10,072), while we detected no change in abundance of the Henderson Lorikeet Vini stepheni (2015 population estimate: 554–3014). Henderson Crake Zapornia atra increased to pre-eradication levels following anticipated mortality during the operation (2015 population estimate: 4,960–20,783). A temporary reduction of rat predation pressure and rat competition for fruit may have benefitted the reed warbler and the fruit dove, respectively. However, a long drought may have naturally suppressed bird populations prior to the rat eradication operation in 2011, potentially confounding the effects of temporary rat reduction and natural recovery. We therefore cannot unequivocally ascribe the population recovery to the temporary reduction of the rat population. We encourage robust monitoring of island biodiversity both before and after any management operation to better understand responses of endemic species to failed or successful operations.
A concurrent constraint programming interpretation of access permissions
Authors: OLARTE CARLOS , PIMENTEL ELAINE , RUEDA CAMILO 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA recent trend in object-oriented programming languages is the use of access permissions (APs) as an abstraction for controlling concurrent executions of programs. The use of AP source code annotations defines a protocol specifying how object references can access the mutable state of objects. Although the use of APs simplifies the task of writing concurrent code, an unsystematic use of them can lead to subtle problems. This paper presents a declarative interpretation of APs as linear concurrent constraint programs (lcc). We represent APs as constraints (i.e., formulas in logic) in an underlying constraint system whose entailment relation models the transformation rules of APs. Moreover, we use processes inlccto model the dependencies imposed by APs, thus allowing the faithful representation of their flow in the program. We verify relevant properties about AP programs by taking advantage of the interpretation oflccprocesses as formulas in Girard's intuitionistic linear logic (ILL). Properties include deadlock detection, program correctness (whether programs adhere to their AP specifications or not), and the ability of methods to run concurrently. By relying on a focusing discipline for ILL, we provide a complexity measure for proofs of the above-mentioned properties. The effectiveness of our verification techniques is demonstrated by implementing the Alcove tool that includes an animator and a verifier. The former executes thelccmodel, observing the flow of APs, and quickly finding inconsistencies of the APs vis-à-vis the implementation. The latter is an automatic theorem prover based on ILL.
ESTIMATES FOR THE HOMOGENIZATION OF STOKES PROBLEM IN A PERFORATED DOMAIN
Authors: Mecherbet Amina , Hillairet Matthieu 
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we consider the Stokes equations in a perforated domain. When the number of holes increases while their radius tends to 0, it is proven in Desvillettes et al. [J. Stat. Phys. 131 (2008) 941–967], under suitable dilution assumptions, that the solution is well approximated asymptotically by solving a Stokes–Brinkman equation. We provide here quantitative estimates in $L^{p}$-norms of this convergence.
How do political institutions affect fiscal capacity? Explaining taxation in developing economies
Authors: RICCIUTI ROBERTO , SAVOIA ANTONIO , SEN KUNAL 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA central aspect of institutional development in developing economies is building tax systems capable of raising revenues from broad tax bases, i.e. fiscal capacity. While it is recognised that fiscal capacity is pivotal for state building and economic development, it is less clear what its origins are and what explains its cross-country differences. We focus on political institutions, seen as stronger systems of checks and balances on the executive. Exploiting a recent database on public sector performance in developing economies and an IV strategy, we estimate their long-run impact, distinguishing between the accountability and transparency of fiscal institutions (impartiality) and their effectiveness in extracting revenues. We find that stronger constraints on the executive foster the impartiality of tax systems. However, there is no robust evidence that they also improve its effectiveness. Our findings also suggest that the overall impact on both total tax revenues and income tax is economically relevant.
Shifting institutional roles in biomedical innovation in a learning healthcare system
Authors: EISENBERG REBECCA S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of information technology in healthcare has accelerated progress toward the long-term goal of a learning healthcare system, in which data from prior clinical experience provides an ever-expanding resource to guide continuous improvements in health care. Although still in its early stages, the use of data from clinical experience to supplement data from premarket testing is changing the roles of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and public and private health insurers in healthcare innovation and technology assessment. It could change who decides what research questions to pursue, whose evidentiary standards decide what counts as actionable knowledge, and who pays the costs of research. The shape and direction of resulting changes will depend on which actors and institutions decide to step forward and claim a larger role in healthcare innovation in response to technological and regulatory change.
Associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and fetal growth are specific to infant sex: findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study
Authors: Braithwaite E. C. , Hill J. , Pickles A. , Glover V. , O’Donnell K. , Sharp H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent findings highlight that there are prenatal risks for affective disorders that are mediated by glucocorticoid mechanisms, and may be specific to females. There is also evidence of sex differences in prenatal programming mechanisms and developmental psychopathology, whereby effects are in opposite directions in males and females. As birth weight is a risk for affective disorders, we sought to investigate whether maternal prenatal cortisol may have sex-specific effects on fetal growth. Participants were 241 mothers selected from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS) cohort (n=1233) using a psychosocial risk stratifier, so that responses could be weighted back to the general population. Mothers provided saliva samples, which were assayed for cortisol, at home over 2 days at 32 weeks gestation (on waking, 30-min post-waking and during the evening). Measures of infant birth weight (corrected for gestational age) were taken from hospital records. General population estimates of associations between variables were obtained using inverse probability weights. Maternal log of the area under the curve cortisol predicted infant birth weight in a sex-dependent manner (interaction termP=0.029). There was a positive and statistically significant association between prenatal cortisol in males, and a negative association in females that was not statistically significant. A sex interaction in the same direction was evident when using the waking (P=0.015), and 30-min post-waking (P=0.013) cortisol, but not the evening measure. There was no interaction between prenatal cortisol and sex to predict gestational age. Our findings add to an emerging literature that suggests that there may be sex-specific mechanisms that underpin fetal programming.
Transdiagnostische expositionsbasierte Behandlung von Angststörungen
Authors: Neudeck Peter , Brahm Caroline im , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Neben störungsspezifischen Behandlungskonzepten werden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt transdiagnostische Behandlungsmanuale in der expositionsbasierten Behandlung von Ängsten und komorbiden Störungen eingesetzt. Die vorliegende narrative systematische Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den Stand der Forschung zu transdiagnostischen Behandlungskonzepten in Hinsicht auf Angst- und komorbide Störungen. Methode: Die Literaturrecherche und die Datenanalyse wurden angelehnt an die PRISMA Guidelines vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse von 17 Untersuchungen zu expositionsbasierten transdiagnostischen Behandlungskonzepten der letzten fünfzehn Jahre werden beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Die Resultate der referierten Studien zeigen, dass expositionsbasierte transdiagnostische Behandlungen die Symptome, sowohl der primären als auch der komorbiden Störungen, signifikant reduzieren. Expositionsbasierte transdiagnostische Konzepte sind effektiv zur Behandlungen von Angststörungen und komorbider Störungen. Sie stellen eine geeignete Alternative zu störungsspezifischen Behandlungen dar. Diskussion: Die Implikationen transdiagnostischer Konzepte für das praktische Vorgehen bei der individualisierten Diagnostik, der Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Expositionen werden erörtert. Schließlich werden Vorschläge für die Konzeptualisierung einer störungsübergreifenden Behandlung von Angststörungen, insbesondere solcher mit komorbider Symptomatik, vorgestellt.
Moral Judgment in Old Age
Authors: Margoni Francesco , Geipel Janet , Hadjichristidis Constantinos , Surian Luca 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Younger (21–39 years) and older (63–90 years) adults were presented with scenarios illustrating either harmful or helpful actions. Each scenario provided information about the agent’s intention, either neutral or valenced (harmful/helpful), and the outcome of his or her action, either neutral or valenced. Participants were asked to rate how morally good or bad the agent’s action was. In judging harmful actions, older participants relied less on intentions and more on outcomes compared to younger participants. This age-related difference was associated with a decline in older adults’ theory of mind abilities. However, we did not find evidence of any significant age-related difference in the evaluations of helpful actions. We argue that the selective association of aging with changes in the evaluation of harmful but not helpful actions may be due also to motivational factors and highlight some implications of the present findings for judicial systems.
Spectral Descriptions of Submesoscale Surface Circulation in a Coastal Region
Authors: Yoo Jang Gon , Kim Sung Yong , Kim Hyeon Seong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSubmesoscale coastal surface currents at hourly and O(1) km resolutions, obtained from an array of high‐frequency radars in a coastal region off the east coast of Korea over a period of 1 year (2013), are described in the frequency and wavenumber domains. The low‐frequency surface currents exhibit more consistent variability with the regional geostrophic currents in summer than those in winter because of the relatively weak wind conditions in summer. The clockwise near‐inertial surface currents show onshore phase propagation and decreasing amplitudes. The kinetic energy spectra of the surface currents in the wavenumber domain (k) become steeper, increasing from a slope of
at a length scale of approximately 10 km to slopes between
and
at a length scale of 2 km. These kinetic energy spectra exhibit anisotropy and weak seasonality with an injection scale of
(10) km, consistent with dominant length scales of the regional submesoscale eddies and the zero‐crossing wavenumber in the estimated kinetic energy fluxes. We suggest possible mechanisms to explain the above findings. Submesoscale processes in this region are primarily initiated by surface frontogenesis caused by regional mesoscale currents, including low‐frequency circulations and topographically linked shear currents, then maintained by baroclinic instability in the mixed layer with moderate seasonality.
Expression of PLAGL2 in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasis and survival
Authors: Qu Genyi , Xu Yong , Wan Shaw P. , Yang Guang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate PLAGL2 expression associated with pathological features and prognosis and predicted lymph node metastases in the bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) tissue. The pathologic specimens and clinical data of 203 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma after radical resection were collected. The expression of PLAGL2 was detected by immunohistochemically staining. The influence on lymph node metastasis and the prognoses of BUC patients were analyzed. The expression of PLAGL2 in BUC and positive lymph nodes was significantly higher than the normal bladder tissues (89.06% and 76.56% vs 21.88%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that PLAGL2 expression was an independent risk factor for BUC lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). COX proportional hazards regression model showed that the time to recurrence and overall survival of patients with overexpression of PLAGL2 were significantly lower than those with low expression (P < 0.05). PLAGL2 is highly expressed in the BUC tissue and metastatic lymph node relative to the normal bladder tissue. This expression correlates to tumor size and number, and tumor grade and stage. Overexpression of PLAGL2 can be an independent predictor for lymph node metastasis and patient survival.
Massively parallel recordings in macaque motor cortex during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task
Authors: Brochier Thomas , Zehl Lyuba , Hao Yaoyao , Duret Margaux , Sprenger Julia , Denker Michael , Grün Sonja , Riehle Alexa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe publish two electrophysiological datasets recorded in motor cortex of two macaque monkeys during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task, using chronically implanted 10-by-10 Utah electrode arrays. We provide a) raw neural signals (sampled at 30 kHz), b) time stamps and spike waveforms of offline sorted single and multi units (93/49 and 156/19 SUA/MUA for the two monkeys, respectively), c) trial events and the monkey’s behavior, and d) extensive metadata hierarchically structured via the odML metadata framework (including quality assessment post-processing steps, such as trial rejections). The dataset of one monkey contains a simultaneously saved record of the local field potential (LFP) sampled at 1 kHz. To load the datasets in Python, we provide code based on the Neo data framework that produces a data structure which is annotated with relevant metadata. We complement this loading routine with an example code demonstrating how to access the data objects (e.g., raw signals) contained in such structures. For Matlab users, we provide the annotated data structures as mat files.
Veränderte Indikation zur Parotidektomie im nordwestlichen Brandenburg: Eine Longitudinaluntersuchung
Authors: Franzen Achim M , Franzen Christiane Kaup , Coordes Annekatrin 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Kenntnisse über die Indikationen zu einer Parotidektomie basieren auf den Mitteilungen einzelner Kliniken, Tumor- und Krankenhausdatenbanken.
Die Studie prüft die Hypothese, dass sich die Operationsindikation während der vergangenen Jahre verändert hat.
Material und Methoden Wir führten eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie der Patienten durch, die zwischen 1975 und 2016 (Einteilung in 4 Quartilen) in
einem Ausbildungskranken haus einer Medizinischen Hochschule mit Schwerpunktversorgung eine Parotidektomie erhielten.
Ergebnisse 405 Männer und 366 Frauen wurden wegen eines benignen (600/78 %) oder malignen (116/15 %) Tumors oder einer Parotitis (55/7 %) operiert. Der
Anteil der benignen Tumore blieb weitgehend konstant (78 %), der der malignen Tumore stieg (7 %–23 %) bei gleichzeitigem Abfall der Parotitiden
(17 % – < 1 %). Bei den benignen Tumoren fiel der Anteil der pleomorphen Adenome (60 % –24 %), während Warthin Tumore häufiger auftraten (23 % –58 %). Unter
den malignen Tumoren stieg der Anteil der Metastasen von 2/13 auf 31/49 (insbes. Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut).
Diskussion Die vorliegende Studie zeigt die sinkende Bedeutung der Parotitis als Indikation für eine Parotidektomie bedingt durch verbesserte
nicht-chirurgische Verfahren. Die ansteigende Prävalenz von Warthin-Tumoren in der aktuellen Arbeit war mit einem steigenden Anteil der Raucher assoziiert. Der
Anstieg der Malignome war auf die steigende Prävalenz von intraparotidealen Matastasen der Plattenepithelkarzinome der Haut zurückzuführen. Die Ergebnisse der
histologischen Diagnosen basieren auf der Auswertung von Krankenakten und können bisher nicht durch die Auswertungen überregionaler Tumordatenbanken oder
Krankenhausstatistiken (ICD- oder DRG-Bezug) generiert werden. Hierzu befürworten die Autoren die Einrichtung eines speziellen Speicheldrüsenregisters.