bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial and cost‐consequence analysis of traditional and digital foot orthoses supply chains in a National Health Service setting: application to feet at risk of diabetic plantar ulceration
Authors: Parker D. J. , Nuttall G. H. , Bray N. , Hugill T. , Martinez‐Santos A. , Edwards R. T. , Nester C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic foot ulceration is a considerable cost to the NHS and foot orthotic provision is a core strategy for the management of the people with diabetes and a moderate to high risk of foot ulceration. The traditional process to produce a custom‐made foot orthotic device is to use manual casting of foot shape and physical moulding of orthoses materials. Parts of this process can be undertaken using digital tools rather than manual processes with potential advantages. The aim of this trial was to provide the first comparison of a traditional orthoses supply chain to a digital supply chain over a 6 month period. The trial used plantar pressure, health status, and health service time and cost data to compare the two supply chains.MethodsFifty‐seven participants with diabetes were randomly allocated to each supply chain. Plantar pressure data and health status (EQ5D, ICECAP) was assessed at point of supply and at six‐months. The costs for orthoses and clinical services accessed by participants were assessed over the 6 months of the trial. Primary outcomes were: reduction in peak plantar pressure at the site of highest pressure, assessed for non‐inferiority to current care. Secondary outcomes were: reduction in plantar pressure at foot regions identified as at risk (> 200 kPa), cost‐consequence analysis (supply chain, clinician time, service use) and health status.ResultsAt point of supply pressure reduction for the digital supply chain was non‐inferior to a predefined margin and superior (p < 0.1) to the traditional supply chain, but both supply chains were inferior to the margin after 6 months. Custom‐made orthoses significantly reduced pressure for at risk regions compared to a flat control (traditional − 13.85%, digital − 20.52%). The digital supply chain was more expensive (+£13.17) and required more clinician time (+ 35 min). There were no significant differences in health status or service use between supply chains.ConclusionsCustom made foot orthoses reduce pressure as expected. Given some assumptions about the cost models we used, the supply chain process adopted to produce the orthoses seems to have marginal impact on overall costs and health status.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered on ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN10978940, 04/11/2015).
Columnar cell lesions of the breast: a practical review for the pathologist
Authors: Logullo Angela Flavia , Nimir Cristiane 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
Columnar cell lesions (CCLs) of the breast are characterized by the substitution of regular layer of cuboid epithelial by columnar cells covering the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). It also comprises a spectrum of lesions characterized by enlarged TDLUs with variably dilated acini lined by columnar epithelial cells, ranging from one or two layers of benign epithelium to stratified epithelium with atypia. With the increasing use of mammography screening scans in the last 30 years, columnar cell lesions (CCLs) have been diagnosed more frequently, often associated with microcalcifications and abnormal calcifications, requiring breast biopsies. This literature review presents the historical development of this entity description, with many terminologies, the CCLs categories, differential diagnoses, immunohistochemical profile and genetic alterations, reproducibility and clinical implications. In addition it discusses the significance of flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a CCL with low-grade cytological atypia.

Practical considerations
FEA are a frequent finding in breast biopsies and should be a warning sign for other possible entities within the lesion area. Since CCLs are an increasingly recognized entity in the diagnostic spectrum of breast proliferative lesions, proper training or tutorials are advisable for general pathologists in order to teach them how to identify CCLs with confidence. Intraductal proliferations with architectural complexities such as cribriform patterns, rigid cellular bridges, and true micropapillary pattern should not fall into the FEA category and are best classified as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Conclusions
Among CCLs, FEA actually receives more attention due to atypia involved. FEA has been considered a non-obligate pre-neoplastic lesion and progression of these lesions to invasive cancer has been reported as increasingly low (2–7%). Therefore, controversy to the management of those lesions still remains and further intervention is restricted to cases with other premalignant lesions (ADH, DCIS) or in radiologic-pathologic disagreement.
Nivolumab for Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Patients Ineligible for or Having Failed Autologous Transplantation: A Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. , Minnema Monique C. , Johnson Peter , Timmerman John M. , Armand Philippe , Shipp Margaret A. , Rodig Scott J. , Ligon Azra H. , Roemer Margaretha G.M. , Reddy Nishitha , Cohen Jonathon B. , Assouline Sarit , Poon Michelle , Sharma Manish , Kato Kazunobu , Samakoglu Selda , Sumbul Anne , Grigg Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Purpose Treatment options are limited for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Tumor cells can exploit the programmed death-1 checkpoint pathway to evade immune surveillance. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1 blockade by nivolumab in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Methods In this phase II, open-label study, patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who were ineligible for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) or who had experienced failure with auto-HCT received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks. We assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab as well as genetic alterations of 9p24.1. Results Among 121 treated patients, patients in the auto-HCT–failed cohort (n = 87) received a median of four nivolumab doses and a median of three doses were administered to those in the auto-HCT–ineligible cohort (n = 34). At a median follow-up of 9 months in the auto-HCT–failed cohort and 6 months in the auto-HCT–ineligible cohort, independently assessed objective response rates were 10% and 3%, and median durations of response were 11 and 8 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.9 and 12.2 months in the auto-HCT–failed cohort and 1.4 and 5.8 months in the auto-HCT–ineligible cohort respectively. All three patients with complete remission—3% of the auto-HCT–failed cohort—had durable response (11 or more, 14 or more, and 17 months). Treatment-related grade 3 and 4 adverse events were reported in 24% of patients. The most common were neutropenia (4%), thrombocytopenia (3%), and increased lipase (3%). Of all evaluable samples for 9p24.1 analysis, 16% exhibited low-level copy gain and 3% had amplification. Conclusion Nivolumab monotherapy is associated with a favorable safety profile but a low overall response rate among patients with DLBCL who are ineligible for auto-HCT or who experienced failure with auto-HCT. Genetic alterations of 9p24.1 are infrequent in DLBCL.
Generating mouse models for biomedical research: technological advances
Authors: Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. , Lloyd Kevin C. Kent 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, new methods and procedures have been developed to generate genetically engineered mouse models of human disease. This At a Glance article highlights several recent technical advances in mouse genome manipulation that have transformed our ability to manipulate and study gene expression in the mouse. We discuss how conventional gene targeting by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells has given way to more refined methods that enable allele-specific manipulation in zygotes. We also highlight advances in the use of programmable endonucleases that have greatly increased the feasibility and ease of editing the mouse genome. Together, these and other technologies provide researchers with the molecular tools to functionally annotate the mouse genome with greater fidelity and specificity, as well as to generate new mouse models using faster, simpler and less costly techniques.
A nested randomised trial of the effect of tranexamic acid on intracranial haemorrhage and infarction in traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3 trial intracranial bleeding mechanistic study): Statistical analysis plan
Authors: Mahmood Abda , Roberts Ian , Shakur-Still Haleema 
Published: January 2019

Background: The CRASH-3 trial is a randomised trial on the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on death and disability in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The CRASH-3 intracranial bleeding mechanistic study (IBMS) is a randomised trial nested within the CRASH-3 trial to examine the effect of TXA on intracranial bleeding and infarction. Methods: Patients eligible for the CRASH-3 trial, with a GCS of 12 or less or intracranial bleeding on a pre-randomisation CT scan are eligible for the IBMS. The occurrence of intracranial bleeding, infarction, haemorrhagic oedematous lesions, mass effect and haemorrhage evacuation is examined within 28 days of randomisation using routinely collected brain scans. The primary outcome is the volume of intra-parenchymal bleeding in patients randomised within three hours of injury (adjusted for prognostic covariates). Secondary outcomes include a composite “poor” outcome, progressive and new intracranial bleeding, intracranial bleeding after neurosurgery and cerebral infarcts seen up to 28 days post-randomisation. All outcomes will be compared between treatment groups. Statistical analyses: The primary outcome will be analysed using a covariate adjusted linear mixed model. The same analysis will be done separately for patients who undergo haemorrhage evacuation post-randomisation. We will express the effect of TXA on the composite outcome, new and progressive bleeding using relative risks and 95% CIs, and on cerebral infarcts using hazard ratios and 95% CIs. We will conduct sensitivity analyses assuming missing data are MCAR or MNAR. Conclusion: The IBMS will provide information on the mechanism of action of TXA in TBI. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan is a technical extension of the published protocol. Trial registration: The CRASH-3 trial was prospectively registered at the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials registry (19 July 2011) and ClinicalTrials.gov (25 July 2011). The registries were updated with details for the IBMS on 20 December 2016.
Promoting breast cancer awareness in older women during the seasonal flu vaccination campaign
Authors: Kaushal Aradhna , McCormick Katrina , Warburton Fiona , Burton Cathy , Ramirez Amanda J , Forbes Lindsay J 
Published: January 2019

Background: older women are at high risk of presenting with breast cancer when it has reached a late stage, which may be partly because of poor breast cancer awareness. Aim: the aim of this project was to implement and evaluate a new way of delivering the Promoting Early Presentation (PEP) Intervention during flu vaccination appointments in primary care. The PEP Intervention is a 1–minute intervention, accompanied by a booklet and delivered by primary care health professionals to provide older women with the knowledge, confidence and skills to present promptly on discovering symptoms of breast cancer. Method: health professionals delivered the PEP Intervention to older women at six general practices in south London. The authors measured changes in breast cancer awareness after the intervention and interviewed practice staff about their experiences of using it. Findings: knowledge of breast symptoms and breast checking was greater in women aged 70 years and above after the implementation than before. Health professionals' found it acceptable and feasible to implement. Conclusion: this intervention is a novel way of increasing breast cancer awareness in older women, which could contribute to earlier presentation and diagnosis of breast cancer in the UK.
Stylistic heritage and tendencies in contemporary Croatian cinema
Authors: Lučić Krunoslav 
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on the diverse stylistic heritage and various tendencies in Croatian cinema of the 1990s and 2000s. Since many film scholars accentuate the discontinuity between contemporary Croatian cinema and that from the Yugoslav period, the paper points to continuities in the stylistic trends of both periods. The paper also analyzes two major stylistic configurations ‒ classical and modernist ‒ focusing on different variants of both aesthetic orientations. Variants of cinematic classicism (reduced and excessive classical style) are exemplified by the films of Krešo Golik and Fadil Hadžić, and by the films of Dalibor Matanić and Zrinko Ogresta from the contemporary period. On the other hand, variants of cinematic modernism (realist and psychological) are exemplified by thefilms of Vatroslav Mimica and Ante Peterlić from the 1960s, and in the contemporary period by thefilms of Zrinko Ogresta and Lukas Nola.
Dokument a fabuła – refleksje, doświadczenia i metody pracy autora zdjęć filmowych
Authors: Staroń Wojciech 
Published: January 2019

As the very title of Wojciech Staroń, a cinematographer and film director’s text “Documentary versusfiction – reflections, experiences and work methods of a director of photography” indicates, it is an attempt to analyse his own artistic achievements combined with a theoretical reflection on universal and fundamental issues such as understanding the truth in film, in reference to the distinction between the genres of fiction and documentary, or mentioned towards the end of the text, an issue of constructing a film protagonist and film narration in which the protagonist functions and is immersed. All these issues are analysed in a visual context, in reference to the construction of a film shot – the meaning of its contents and form and their combination which will present the subject matter in a few seconds of screen time. The films being analyzed among others are: Pod ochroną, Nagroda and Argentyńska lekcja (Argentinian Lesson).
Echa "Idź i patrz" Elema Klimowa w dwóch polskich filmach antywojennych – "Mieście 44" Jana Komasy oraz "Wołyniu" Wojciecha Smarzowskiego
Authors: Szpulak Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

The subject of interest in this text are the relations between the famous Elem Klimow’s Come and See and two Polish movies made in the second decade of the 21st century – Jan Komasa’s Warsaw 44 and Wojciech Smarzowski’s Wołyń. These relations are considered at the genetic level, the level of historical references, the genological level and the plane of audiovisual material created in films. The analysis leads to the conclusion that genological issues play the most important role in building these relationships, among them the shape of the main character’s figure.The text can be treated as a contribution to reflection on the genre distinctiveness of the anti-war film.
Modellierung der Koexistenz industrieller Funkkommunikationssysteme
Authors: Schulze Darina , Jumar Ulrich 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Konzept Industrie 4.0 sieht steigende Flexibilität und Mobilität im Produktionsprozess vor. Daher werden bei der Funkkommunikation zunehmend höhere Anforderungen an das Zeit- und Fehlerverhalten gestellt. Zum Einsatz kommen mehrere gleichzeitig aktive Funkkommunikationssysteme. Diese Systeme müssen im Gesamtsystem koexistieren. Zur Sicherstellung der Koexistenz dient das Koexistenzmanagement. Ein aussichtsreicher Ansatz besteht darin, dieses Koexistenzmanagement mit regelungstechnischen Methoden zu untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Modellierung des Interferenzverhaltens beschrieben. Dafür wird das Zeitverhalten einer Nachrichtenübertragung mit der Petri-Netz Notation in max-plus Algebra nachgebildet. Zur Validierung des Modells wird ein industrienaher Hardware-in-the-Loop Aufbau genutzt.
Woher kommen Erwartungen?
Authors: Beckert Jens 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Expectations play a crucial role in capitalist economies. Where do the expectations on which actors base their decisions come from? The paper approaches this question by discussing seven social factors that shape expectations: Institutions, social position, social networks, calculative tools, cultural structures, reflexivity, and protention. Following this discussion, the last part of the paper looks at the role of social power and the mass media in the diffusion of expectations.
Real Wages in Germany during the First Phase of Industrialization, 1850-1889
Authors: Pfister Ulrich 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The study constructs new wage series at the branch level and aggregates them to an index of nominal wages in industry and urban trades in 18481889. Moreover, the study develops new food price and rent indices. These are then combined with price indices for other categories of household expenditure from Hoffmann (1965) into a consumer price index for 1850-1889. The new real wage index shows little growth for the third quarter of the nineteenth century; the first phase of rapid industrialization from the 1840s to the early 1870s had only a small positive impact on the living standard of the industrial and urban lower classes. Only from the 1880s, when Germany moved into a second phase of industrialization, did the real wage experience a sustained and rapid increase. Nevertheless, the diversification of employment opportunities taking place in the wake of industrialization and the European grain invasion were accompanied by a marked reduction of income volatility among lower-class households already from the 1870s.
Implications of Lived and Packaged Religions for Intercultural Dialogue to Reduce Conflict and Terror
Authors: Bouma AM Gary D 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of intercultural dialogue (ICD) to promote intergroup understanding and respect is considered as a key to reduce tensions and the likelihood of conflict. This paper argues that understanding the differences among religions – those between packaged and lived religion – enhances the chances of success and makes the effort more challenging. Religions contained and packaged are found in formally organised expressions of religion – churches, denominations, synagogues, mosques, temples and so on. For packaged religions, religious identity is singular and adherents are expected to identify with only one religion and are assumed to accept the whole package of that religion. ICD in this context involves communicating with religious groups such as organisations and encouraging different leaders to speak with each other resulting in platforms filled with ‘heads of faith’ – bishops muftis, ayatollahs, chief rabbis, swamis and so on. In contrast, lived religions involve ritual practices engaged in by individuals and small groups, creation of shrines and sacred spaces, discussing the nature of life, sharing ethical concerns, going on pilgrimages and taking actions to celebrate and sustain hope.There is some evidence that, although packaged religions are declining, lived religions continue at persistent levels. Violent extremism is more likely to be associated with lived rather than packaged forms of religion, making a more balanced intercultural competences approach to ICD critical to countering conflict.
Local Average and Quantile Treatment Effects Under Endogeneity: A Review
Authors: Huber Martin , Wüthrich Kaspar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper provides a review of methodological advancements in the evaluation of heterogeneous treatment effect models based on instrumental variable (IV) methods. We focus on models that achieve identification by assuming monotonicity of the treatment in the IV and analyze local average and quantile treatment effects for the subpopulation of compliers. We start with a comprehensive discussion of the binary treatment and binary IV case as for instance relevant in randomized experiments with imperfect compliance. We then review extensions to identification and estimation with covariates, multi-valued and multiple treatments and instruments, outcome attrition and measurement error, and the identification of direct and indirect treatment effects, among others. We also discuss testable implications and possible relaxations of the IV assumptions, approaches to extrapolate from local to global treatment effects, and the relationship to other IV approaches.
Testing Spatial Dependence in Spatial Models with Endogenous Weights Matrices
Authors: Bera Anil K. , Doğan Osman , Taşpınar Süleyman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we propose simple test statistics for identifying the source of spatial dependence in spatial autoregressive models with endogenous weights matrices. Elements of the weights matrices are modelled in such a way that endogenity arises when the unobserved factors that affect elements of the weights matrices are correlated with the unobserved factors in the outcome equation. The proposed test statistics are robust to the presence of endogeneity in the weights and can be used to detect spatial dependence in the dependent variable and/or the disturbance terms. The robust test statistics are easy to calculate as computationally simple estimations are needed for their calculations. Our Monte Carlo results indicate that these tests have good size and power properties in finite samples. We also provide an empirical illustration to demonstrate the usefulness of the robust tests in identifying the source of spatial dependence.
Periodic and subharmonic solutions for a 2nth-order p-Laplacian difference equation containing both advances and retardations
Authors: Mei Peng , Zhou Zhan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider a 2nth-order nonlinear difference equation containing both many advances and retardations withp-Laplacian. Using the critical point theory, we obtain some new explicit criteria for the existence and multiplicity of periodic and subharmonic solutions. Our results generalize and improve some known related ones.
Functions of adiponectin signaling in regulating neural plasticity and its application as the therapeutic target to neurological and psychiatric diseases
Authors: Sun Li-na , Liu Xiao-li 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Convergent lines of evidence indicate the critical roles of adiponectin in regulating neural functions on different levels. Because of the importance in maintaining neural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, adiponectin has the potential to serve as the treatment targets in therapies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Hence, systematic review is needed to summarize how adiponectin works in the brain, and how the adiponectin pathway is employed as the treatment method needs to be determined. Moreover, the benefits of adiponectin as the regulator for neural plasticity such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis have been supported by many literatures. In the current article, we reviewed the functions of adiponectin in different types of neural plasticity. We also demonstrated the potential value of adiponectin as the treatment target for different types of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Taken together, this review offers a new insight about adiponectin as the ideal target to develop the new treatment methods against neurodegeneration or psychiatric diseases.