bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Ordered and Trace Au‐Doped Intermetallic PdFe Catalyst with Extra High Activity and Durability toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wu Yanlin , He Yang , Zhu Xinxing , Wang Jiannong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeveloping Pt‐free catalysts with high activity and durability is considered as an essential step for cost reduction and real commercialization of fuel cells. Previous Pt‐free catalysts are either lack of activity and/or insufficient in durability. Here we report the first synthesis of a carbon‐supported PdFe catalyst with a fully ordered intermetallic structure by controlling the atomic ratio of Pd and Fe and high‐temperature annealing for structural ordering. This intermetallic catalyst is then doped with a trace amount of Au (atomic ratio of Au/Pd: 1/50) mainly in the surface region of the ordered lattice. Such an Au‐doped intermetallic PdFe catalyst is finally demonstrated to possess a comparable catalytic activity and much better durability for oxygen reduction reaction than the commercial catalyst of Pt/C. For example, the half‐wave potential of the Au‐PdFe catalyst decreases at a rate 9 times slower than that of Pt/C catalyst after potential cycling under harsh electrochemical conditions. The excellent activity and durability of this new catalyst is attributed to the ordered structure of PdFe particles and the protective effect of the surface Au doping. This study provides a new strategy to developing Pt‐free catalysts, lowering the production cost, and accelerating the practical application of fuel cells.
Strategies to Overcome Autofluorescence in Nanoprobe‐Driven In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: del Rosal Blanca , Benayas Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe development of fluorescent probes and optical detection systems in the near‐infrared (700–2000 nm) has boosted the interest in fluorescence bioimaging as an alternative to traditional medical imaging techniques. Fluorescence imaging can provide high‐resolution images at fast acquisition speeds, while removing the need for ionizing radiations or radioactive contrast agents and requiring relatively simple and cost‐effective equipment. The low absorption and scattering of near‐infrared radiation by biological tissues enables minimally invasive visualization of deeply embedded organs and structures. However, the infrared autofluorescence background generated by some biological components, as discussed here, can negatively affect the image contrast and complicate the visualization of the fluorescent probes used as contrast agents. A critical review on the different approaches for improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio in in vivo fluorescence imaging experiments through autofluorescence background removal is presented here.
Offshore Prey Densities Facilitate Similar Life History and Behavioral Patterns in Two Distinct Aquatic Apex Predators, Northern Pike and Lake Trout
Authors: Kennedy P. J. , Bartley T. J. , Gillis D. M. , McCann K. S. , Rennie M. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNorthern PikeEsox luciusare important aquatic apex predators in freshwater ecosystems across the Canadian Boreal Shield. Although Northern Pike have historically been described as nearshore ambush predators, larger individuals have been anecdotally observed foraging in offshore habitats. We used two province‐wide data sets from Ontario, Canada, to investigate the degree to which Northern Pike are generalist predators by examining the influence of offshore prey fish densities on their life histories. To better understand whether the life history patterns observed were unique to Northern Pike or representative of aquatic apex predators generally, we compared Northern Pike life history and catch results to those of the Lake TroutSalvelinus namaycush, a well‐known pelagic apex predator. We found that the asymptotic lengths of both Northern Pike and Lake Trout were positively related to CiscoCoregonus artediCPUE. Furthermore, both Northern Pike and Lake Trout occupied offshore habitat more frequently in lakes with greater CiscoCPUEs. Northern Pike early growth and mortality rates were negatively related to CiscoCPUEbut positively related to Yellow PerchPerca flavescensCPUE, suggesting that Northern Pike undergo ontogenetic shifts to foraging on Ciscoes later in life. Although the growth and mortality of these predators were related to prey availability, variation in theCPUEs of Northern Pike and Lake Trout was best explained by physical lake characteristics. Our study suggests that Northern Pike and Lake Trout respond similarly to CiscoCPUEacross the Canadian Boreal Shield, consistent with research reported for other aquatic apex predators. Results of this work collectively suggest that generalist behavior and large‐bodied life history strategies of Northern Pike are facilitated by the availability of Ciscoes.
Effect of maternal yokukansan treatment on somatosensory map formation in the cerebral cortex of newborn mouse pups
Authors: Mishima Rei , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Ogawa‐Ochiai Keiko 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe effectiveness of traditional Japanese herbal medicine (kampo) is gradually attracting worldwide attention. Although yokukansan has been shown to be clinically effective in suppressing maternal post‐partum depression, the safety of maternal yokukansan treatment in newborn infants has not been fully established.MethodsHerein we examined the effect of maternal yokukansan treatment on neuronal circuit formation using somatosensory maps in the cerebral cortex of the newborn mouse brain.ResultsSomatosensory maps in newborn mouse pups were formed normally at postnatal day (P)5, even though yokukansan was given to lactating mouse dams. Paroxetine injected into pups strongly inhibited somatosensory map formation in mouse pups at P5, whereas paroxetine injected into lactating dams did not inhibit somatosensory map formation in pups. Yokukansan also did not affect the timing of somatosensory map formation in mouse pups at P3 and P4.ConclusionMaternal yokukansan treatment does not have apparent adverse effects on somatosensory map formation in the brain of mouse pups.
Wind turbine blade coating leading edge rain erosion model: Development and validation
Authors: Eisenberg Drew , Laustsen Steffen , Stege Jason 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper applies existing research to develop an analytical surface fatigue model to predict the initiation of leading edge erosion on wind turbine blade coatings due to rainfall. We have used rain erosion whirling arm tests to determine the surface impact fatigue resistance of different coatings used in the field. The analytic model has been validated to predict the initiation of wind turbine leading edge erosion by using a large data base of photos of leading edge erosion observations taken from wind farms in multiple countries, offshore, and onshore. The aerodynamic impact of the erosion has also been modeled and been used to determine the expected sectional efficiency loss of the damaged airfoils. Combining the leading edge erosion forecast model with the efficiency reduction model, we can predict annual energy production loss over time on different sites due to rain‐induced wind turbine blade coating leading edge erosion.
Plant breeding and diversity: A troubled relationship?
Authors: Louwaars Niels P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlant breeding collects, induces and rearranges genetic diversity followed by selection. Breeding may contribute to diversity in farmers’ fields or significantly reduce it. History has numerous examples of both. The diversity of many crops have gone through domestication, dispersal and modernization bottlenecks. Between these major decreasing processes, diversity has picked up through different evolutionary processes, and plant breeding affected by policies. Major negative effects of plant breeding on diversity have been recorded following the modernization bottleneck, but alternative breeding strategies have come up as well, both in the formal system and in the interphase between formal and farmers’ seed systems. Multiline breeding and participatory plant breeding are introduced as examples to also analyse effects of current developments in technology and policy. This paper intends to shed some light on the questions: how will current developments in technology and policy affect crop genetic diversity? Are we heading for a new bottleneck—either a molecular or a policy bottleneck, or a combination of both? Or could the future become more diverse? We look at the relationship between breeding, policies, and crop genetic diversity in farming systems with a birds-eye view. Notably because of current policy trends we warn for a new diversity bottleneck.
Ângulo de Böhler—comparação entre o pré e pós-operatório nas fraturas intra-articulares desviadas do calcanhar
Authors: Labronici Pedro José , Faria Guilherme Guerra Pinheiro de , Pedro Bruno Miranda , Serra Marcos Donato Franco de Araújo , Pires Robinson Esteves Santos , Tamontini Jorge Luiz 
Published: June 2018

ResumoObjetivo Comparar a variação dos resultados das medidas radiográficas do ângulo de Böhler, no pré e pós-operatório, em fraturas com dois tipos de desvio: graves e moderadas.Métodos: O ângulo de Böhler foi analisado retrospectivamente em 31 radiografias pré e pós-operatórias de fraturas do calcâneo. Quatro pacientes eram do sexo feminino (6,5%) e 26 do masculino (83,9%), entre 23 e 72 anos, média de 44,5.Resultados As medidas pré e pós-operatória demonstraram que o ângulo de Böhler após a cirurgia foi significativamente maior do que o ângulo de Böhler pré-operatório (p-valor = 0,000). Nas análises intraobservador e global, o ângulo de Böhler pós-operatório foi, em média, 10,6 graus maior do que no pré-operatório. O ângulo pós-operatório foi, em média, 108% maior do que o ângulo pré-operatório. No global, a concordância entre os avaliadores é excelente, tanto em relação ao valor pontual estimado (0,98) quanto em relação ao intervalo de confiança do ICC.Conclusão Na análise global, verificou-se que as medidas do ângulo de Böhler no pós-operatório são, em média, significativamente maiores do que as do ângulo pré-operatório. Quanto mais distante da faixa de normalidade (20 a 40 graus) estiver o ângulo pré-operatório, maior a diferença no ângulo após a cirurgia. Quando o ângulo pré-operatório está na faixa de normalidade, o ângulo pós-operatório será, em média, 1,28 vez o ângulo pré-operatório; se o ângulo de Böhler pré-operatório estiver fora da faixa de normalidade, o ângulo pós-operatório será, em média, 17,3 vezes o ângulo pré-operatório. Ficou demonstrado que as fraturas mais graves apresentam melhores resultados anatômicos quando comparadas com as fraturas moderadas. O estudo também confirmou uma boa correlação interobservador para o ângulo de Böhler.
The drivers of regulatory networking: policy learning between homophily and convergence
Authors: Vantaggiato Francesca P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe literature on transnational regulatory networks identified interdependence as their main rationale, downplaying domestic factors. Typically, relevant contributions use the word “network” only metaphorically. Yet, informal ties between regulators constitute networked structures of collaboration, which can be measured and explained. Regulators choose their frequent, regular network partners. What explains those choices? This article develops an Exponential Random Graph Model of the network of European national energy regulators to identify the drivers of informal regulatory networking. The results show that regulators tend to network with peers who regulate similarly organised market structures. Geography and European policy frameworks also play a role. Overall, the British regulator is significantly more active and influential than its peers, and a divide emerges between regulators from EU-15 and others. Therefore, formal frameworks of cooperation (i.e. a European Agency) were probably necessary to foster regulatory coordination across the EU.
Importance of case age in the purported association between phylogenetics and hemolytic uremic syndrome inEscherichia coliO157:H7 infections
Authors: Tarr G. A. M. , Shringi S. , Oltean H. N. , Mayer J. , Rabinowitz P. , Wakefield J. , Tarr P. I. , Besser T. E. , Phipps A. I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEscherichia coliO157:H7 is the largest cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Previous studies proposed that HUS risk varies across theE. coliO157:H7 phylogenetic tree (hypervirulent clade 8), but the role of age in the association is unknown. We determined phylogenetic lineage ofE. coliO157:H7 isolates from 1160 culture-confirmedE. coliO157:H7 cases reported in Washington State, 2004–2015. Using generalised estimating equations, we tested the association between phylogenetic lineage and HUS. Age was evaluated as an effect modifier. Among 1082E. coliO157:H7 cases with both phylogenetic lineage and HUS status (HUSn= 76), stratified analysis suggested effect modification by age. Lineages IIa and IIb, relative to Ib, did not appear associated with HUS in children 0–9-years-old. For cases 10–59-years-old, lineages IIa and IIb appeared to confer increased risk of HUS, relative to lineage Ib. The association reversed in ⩾60-year-olds. Results were similar for clade 8. Phylogenetic lineage appears to be associated with HUS risk only among those ⩾10-years-old. Among children <10, the age group most frequently affected, lineage does not explain progression to HUS. However, lineage frequency varied across age groups, suggesting differences in exposure and/or early disease manifestation.
121 Enhancing Emotional Wellness With Smartphone Apps in Early Psychosis
Authors: D’Mello Dale 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere is wide consensus that the combination of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy is superior to either approach used alone, in managing depressive, anxiety and psychotic disorders. Completing homework assignments are prerequisite for successful outcomes in psychotherapy. The convergence of digital computer technology and consumer self-empowerment have generated a bewildering array of mental health applications for smartphones and other mobile devices. The purpose of the present poster is to review available apps of interest for patients with early psychosis.MethodA search was recently conducted of the stores on the iOS and Android platforms, seeking apps for mood, anxiety, psychotic and cognitive disorders. Reviews of digital technology resources provided by the International Mental Health Research Organization (IMHRO) at www.psyberguide.org were consulted. Criteria for inclusion included: (1) popularity measured by greater than 10,000 downloads (2) a score of 3.5 or higher on the Mobile Apps Rating System (MARS) and (3) acquisition cost less than $1. Consumer reviews were scanned. A total of 7 apps were culled from an expanding universe of thousands. This included top-rated apps in each of three symptom domains: depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders. Ranked in order of MARS rating the leading depression apps were “Depression CBT Self-Help Guide” and “eCBT Mood”. The most popular anxiety apps were “Stop Panic & Anxiety” and “Headspace”. The top apps for cognitive enhancement training were “Brain HQ” and “Fit Brains Focus”. In addition, the suicide prevention app “My3” was included because of its life saving potential. Consumers have rated the reviewed apps favorably. Conclusion: Smartphone apps are achieving wide acceptance in self-management of common psychiatric disorders. Clinicians need to become familiar with these adjunctive therapeutic tools, and integrate them in brief psychopharmacology visits.Funding AcknowledgementsNo funding.
146 Effect of Heroin Use on Changes of Brain Functions as Measured by fMRI, a Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Jungjin , Fareed Ayman , Ketchen Bethany , Kwak Woo Jin , Wang Danzhao , Shongo-Hiango Hilaire , Drexler Karen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study the authors focus on reviewing imaging studies that used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging for individuals with a history of heroin use. This review study compiled existing research addressing the effect of heroin use on decision making by reviewing available functional neuroimaging data. Systematic review ofthe literatures using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Eligible articles were retrieved through a computer-based MEDLINE and PsycINFO search from 1960 to December 2015 using the major medical subject headings “heroin, fMRI” (all fields). Only English language was included. Thirty-seven articles were initially included in the review. Sixteen were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results of 21 articles that met all the inclusion criteria were presented. Based on the 21 studies included in the current review, there is evidence that heroin use may have a direct and damaging effect on certain brain functions and that these changes may be associated with impulsive and unhealthy decision making. From the review of these studies, the authors understand that a longer duration of heroinuse may be associated with more damaging effects on brain functions. The authors also understand that these brain changes could last long after abstinence, which may increase the risk of relapse to heroin use. More research is needed to create a biomarker map for patients with heroin use disorder that can be used to guide and assess response to treatment.Funding AcknowledgementsNo funding.
149 Deutetrabenazine for the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia: Results From an Open-Label, Long-Term Study
Authors: Anderson Karen E. , Davis Mat D. , Factor Stewart A. , Hauser Robert A. , Jarskog L. Fredrik , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Kumar Rajeev , FRCPC  , Ochudlo Stanislaw , Ondo William G. , Fernandez Hubert H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionTardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from exposure to dopamine-receptor antagonists. In the 12-week ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, deutetrabenazine demonstrated significant improvements in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores at Week 12 compared with placebo, and was generally well tolerated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term deutetrabenazine therapy in patients with TD.MethodsPatients with TD who completed the ARM-TD or AIM-TD studies were eligible to enter this open-label, single-arm, long-term safety study after they completed the 1-week washout period and final evaluation in the blinded portion of the trial. Efficacy endpoints included the change in AIMS score from baseline, and treatment success (defined as “much improved” or “very much improved”) on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). This analysis reports results up to Week 54.Results304 patients enrolled in the extension study. At Week 54, the mean (standard error) change in AIMS score was –5.1 (0.52). After 6 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment, the proportion of patients who achieved treatment success was 58% per the CGIC and 53% per the PGIC, and by Week 54 was 72% per the CGIC and 59% per the PGIC, thus demonstrating maintenance or enhancement of benefit over time. Deutetrabenazine was well tolerated for up to 54 weeks, and compared with the ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, no new safety signals were detected.Conclusions54 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment was generally efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in patients with TD.Presented at: The American Psychiatric Association 2017 Annual Meeting; May 20–24, 2017; San Diego, California, USA.Funding AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.
163 Treatment of Odor-Induced Anxiogenesis With Odor-Induced Anxiolysis
Authors: Patel Muktiben M. , Patel Nigam D. , Rekhi Angela , Hirsch Alan R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo understand the effects of odor on anxiety.IntroductionReduction of odor-induced anxiety through a presentation of an odor has not heretofore been described.MethodCase report: A 69-year-old right-handed male with a five year history of generalized anxiety disorder, presented with a one and a half month history of hypersensitivity to odors of multiple synthetic chemicals manifest by the perception that these odors were more intense and unpleasant inducing nausea, abdominal cramping, coughing, a need to “get away from the smell”, and panic with intense anxiety. These symptoms would occur whenever he was exposed to these smells, 20 to 25 times a day, and would persist for 10 to 15 minutes after the exposure. When odors induced the above symptoms, exposure to the aroma of cinnamon immediately alleviated these symptoms. He now continues using cinnamon odor whenever the odor induced anxiety and associated symptoms arise. This remedy has been effective over the course of treatment, for almost two years.ResultsAbnormalities on examination: Three per second titubation. Archimedean Spiral Test: Saw tooth pattern with macrographia. Anxious, circumstantial, overly inclusive. Unable to determine how to put on shoe covers. Impaired voluntary upward gave, but intact vertical doll’s eyes. Left torticollis. Bilateral finger to nose dysmetria. Low amplitude, high frequency tremor on extension of both upper extremities. Areflexic. Olfactory Testing: hyposmic. MRI of brain with and without infusion: mild generalized volume loss.ConclusionsThere are myriad mechanisms whereby odor may have reduced the odor-induced anxiety. Since aroma induced anxiogeneis is usually confined to a specific odor, it does not preclude other odors from acting in an anxiolytic manner. The combination of exposure simultaneously of anxiolytic and anxiogenic odors may have acted to increase the threshold of the anxiety producing odor, inhibiting perception of the anxiogenic odor and thus precipitation of anxiety. The two odors could have combined in an additive fashion, changing the olfactory characteristics of the anxiety provoking odor such that it no longer was perceived as the same odor and thus no anxiety. The anxiolytic/anxiogenic odor mixture could have overwhelmed the anxiogenic odor, thus creating the perception of only anxiolytic odor. On a central basis, the anxiolysis and anxiogenesis may have been induced to occur coincidently with anxiolysis superseding anxiogenesis. Alternatively, the odors may have acted as a distractor, changing the focus of attention from anxiogenic odor to a different odor which does not have the same anxiety provoking effect. Maybe because the patient already has demonstrated a heightened odor emotion linkage, he may be more susceptible to any other odor emotion effects. Trial of odors in those with odor induced anxiety warrants consideration.Funding AcknowledgementsNo funding.