bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulating effect of fermented ginseng leaf saponin on the differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Huq MA , Siddiqi MH , Kim YJ , Akter S , Yang DC 
Published: June 2019

In this study, abundant ginseng leaf saponins were converted into minor ginsenosides that havemore pharmacological efficacy via fermentation process using recombinant β-glucosidase (bgp1). This fermented product was used to investigate the stimulatory effect on differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. All major ginsenosides which areavailable in ginseng leaf were biotransformed into more pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides within a short time of incubation. The results showed that 100% of ginsenoside Rd, Rg1and Re were decomposed and transformed to Rg3, Rh1and Rg2, respectively within 03 (three) hours of incubation. Ginseng leaf saponin contains 17.1% Rg1, 44.9% Re, 10.8% Rd, 4.8% Rb1, 5.7% Rb2, 6.9% Rc,2.7% Rg2, and 6.8% F1 ginsenoside. But after fermentation, the products contain mostly pharmacological active minor ginsenosides including 42.2% Rg2, 13.7% Rg3, 8.8% Rh1, 4.9% F1 and 3.6% PPT ginsenosides. Moreover, we investigated and compared the effect of leaf saponins (LS) and fermented leaf saponins (FLS), on the differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with FLS remarkably enhanced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. FLS notably stimulated the ALP activity, Coll-I synthesis and mineralization ability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Based on the comparison between LS and FLS, it is clear that FLS has good effect on differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and bone formation. Therefore, bgp1-fermented ginseng leaf saponins could be a novel treatment for osteoporosis prevention.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 147-154, 2019
In vitro quality evaluation of metformin hydrochloride tablets marketed in Addis Ababa
Authors: Kassahun H , Asres K , Ashenef A 
Published: June 2019

In this study, an attempt was made to assess quality as well as pharmaceutical equivalence of six brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets marketed in Addis Ababa using in vitro methods. Friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay for the content of active ingredients were evaluated using the methods described in the United States pharmacopeia (2007). All the brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets complied with the official specification for hardness, friability, disintegration and assay. Five brands of metformin hydrochloride complied with the USP dissolution tolerance limits but Metformin Denk failed to release the stated amount. Statistical comparison for in vitro drug release indicates that some of the products of metformin hydrochloride tablets showed significant difference (P<0.05), indicating difference in their in vitro drug release that might affect the in vivo bioavailability and the bioequivalence of the products.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 169-176, 2019
Polyglutamine Diseases after Genetic Analysis in Patients Clinically Diagnosed as Parkinson’s Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Siddiqur , Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Rahman Md Fashiur , Toda T , Kabir Mohommad Humayun , Uddin Md Jalal , Jahan Nusrat 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are Huntington's Disease (HD), Dentatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA), Spinobulbar Muscle Atrophy (SBMA) and the Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA) type 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17. These diseases are characterized by an expansion of the CAG-trinucleotide repeat region in the respective disease-related genes.
Objective: To find out Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases by genetic analysis from those patients presenting with Parkinsonism in the Neurology department of Mymensingh Medical College hospital.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 7 healthy people and 9 patients of Neurology Department, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital in 2010. 5ml blood was collected from each individual by venipuncture. The complaints of patients along with physical and/or psychological findings, family history including demographic data were recorded with a questionnaire by the neurologists of Hospital. Informed consents from the patients were taken and ethical clearance sought as well. Extraction of genomic DNA from the venous blood using FlexiGene DNA kit (Qiagen, Japan) was performed in Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The extracted DNA was stored, accumulated and were sent to Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan for PCR and further analysis up to amplification.
Results: HD PCR products reveal the DNA product of about 110bp (no. of CAG repeats=21) to 150bp (no. of CAG repeats=34) in both healthy individual and patient repeats=36). SCA2 PCR products reveal the DNA products of about 150 bp (no. of CAG repeats=23) except one patient and it was 175bp (no. of CAG repeats=30). SCA3 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was within about 250 (no. of CAG=11) to 300 bp (no. of CAG repeats=28) except one patient which was about 320bp and its CAG repeats was about 34. SCA6 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was about 150bp (no. of CAG=16). DRPLA PCR product size of healthy individual and patients DNA was about 142 (no. of CAG repeats=19) to 165bp (no. of CAG repeats=27) except one healthy individual DNA which was about 205 bp and its CAG repeat was 40.
Conclusion: Genetic analysis and PCR has been an important tool to visualize the root cause of the diseasesthe CAG repeat can facilitate a definitive clue to address Poly Q diseases.This is so far first time study in Bangladesh on the range of CAG repeats in patients as well as healthy individual.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 44-49
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Khan Fatema Zerin , Sultana Syeda Papia , Mullick Mohammad SI , Akhter Nargis 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been assumed to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Increased oxidative stress is the result of either an increased production of free radicals or a depletion of the endogenous antioxidants.
Objective: To assess the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from September 2013 to January 2015. Ninety three schizophrenia patients were enrolled as study group and 30 healthy indivuduals were taken as control group. The peripheral levels of several molecules associated with oxidative stress namely malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and anti-oxidant status like plasma levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in 93 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy participants were assessed.
Results: Study found that the schizophrenia group presented substantially higher levels of oxidative stress than the control group, as revealed by elevated quantities of the pro-oxidant MDA (6.3±0.5μmol/L in study group and 2.1±0.5μmol/L in control group), decreased levels of the antioxidants GSH (0.6±0.2mg/gm of Hb in study group and 2.1±0.5mg/gm of Hb in control group), plasma α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Results found were highly significant (p=0.001).
Conclusion: In schizophrenia there are increased level of oxidative stress and decreased level of the antioxidants.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 40-43
Experiences in the Management of Choledochal Cyst in Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Bangladesh Armed Forces
Authors: Nessa Meherun , Khan Shams ud Din Elias 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a rare congenital abnormality of the biliary tract, for which there is no standardized surgical treatment. If left untreated it may cause bile duct (BD) obstruction to cholangiocarcinoma. For the commonest type of Choledochal cyst (Type I and IV) the treatment is surgery, although, the reconstruction technique of the BD has no gold standard.
Objective: To assess the outcome of surgical treatment of choledochal cyst in pediatric cases in 8 years period in CMH Dhaka, a tertiary referral hospital of Bangladesh Armed Forces.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Paediatric Surgery at CMH Dhaka on 20 children of under 10 years having choledocal cysts. The study period was from March 2006 to February 2014.
Results: Total of twenty patients aged 3 years to 10 years was included in the study. Out of them 14(70%) were females and 6(30%) were males. Fifteen (75%) patients presented with recurrent abdominal pain, 14(70%) with recurrent jaundice, 4(20%) patients with abdominal mass as initial symptoms. Twelve (60%) patients were diagnosed by Ultrasonogram (USG), rests were by Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Eighteen patients presented with type 1 choledochal cyst and 2 of them had type IV choledochal cyst. All the patients were submitted to cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Among them one patient required refashioning of anastomotic site to treat bile leakage.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and referral is essential to prevent complications and grave consequences and prognosis of these cases after surgery is good.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 117-121
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in Children- Experience in a Tertiary Military Hospital
Authors: Khan Shams ud Din Elias , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Parveen Zinia , Nessa Meherun 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common solid tumour found in neonates. Most SCTs are reported in neonates and children, but SCTs are found in adults also. SCTs occur more commonly in females than males. If not detected antenatally, clinical features at birth are prominent in most cases as a palpable or visible mass. Surgery is the principal mode of treatment. The standard treatment for SCT with malignant elements is surgery and chemotherapy.
Objective: To share the experience with sacrococcygeal teratoma, the most common tumour found in newborn in a tertiary military hospital.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, CMH Dhaka during the period of January 2010 to December 2015. During the study period a total of 6 neonates with SCT were admitted in this hospital that were included in the study.
Results: The age of the patients ranged from 3 days to 1 month. Out of them 5(83.33%) were female, 1(16.67%) was male with a female to male ratio of 5:1. Four neonates (66.67%) had type-I and 2(33.33%) had type II SCT. They were not diagnosed antenatally. All presented in neonatal period and were operated as elective cases. Five neonates (83.33%) were born by normal vaginal delivery and one (16.67%) was born by Caesarean section due to cervical dystocia. All patients had elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Posterior sacral approach was sufficient in all the cases and histopathology revealed benign lesion. There was no perioperative death but 1 patient (16.67%) developed malignant recurrence within 1st year and 1 patient (16.67%) developed neurogenic bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis.
Conclusion: SCTs are rare tumours that occur most frequently in neonates. Antenatal diagnosis is possible in many cases in this modern era. Follow up of cases after surgery should not only the look out for tumour recurrence, it includes the management of possible secondary urinary and/or bowel incontinence.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 17-21
Outcome of Thyroid Surgery without Drainage Tube- A Study of 60 Cases
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Asaduzzaman AKM , Islam Md Tauhidul , Khan Ahsanuzzaman , Shaid Md Shamim Bin , Bhuiyan Md Rokan Uddin , Rabbani Mohammad Gloam 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The use of a negative suction drainage tube in the neck in thyroid surgery is a common practice in order to avoid hematoma or seroma or other complication. It is associated with neck discomfort, post operative neck pain, delayed ambulation, longer hospital stay and ugly scar formation.
Objective: To determine the advantages and safety of thyroid surgery without negative suction drainage tube.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from September 2015 to May 2017 in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka Cantonment and Azmol and Life Aid General Hospital, Mirpur, Dhaka. A total of 60 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy for thyroid disorders without drainage tube were included in this study. Patients with previous thyroid surgery, retrosternal goiter or malignant diseases of thyroid requiring neck dissection, undifferentiated thyroid cancer patients and those undergoing anticoagulant therapy were excluded from this study. Data were collected and recorded in a structured case report form. Data were processed and analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
Results: Hospital staying was shorter for 50 patients out of 60 and 83.34% patients were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day. The time of mobility of patient was shorter and 66.66% patients became ambulated from bed after 11-14 hours. Complication was less and only 11 patients developed different type of complications.
Conclusion: Thyroid surgery can be done safely and perfectly without negative suction drainage tube in the neck with a shorter period of hospital stay, early ambulation, fewer complications and morbidities. However, the drain should be used in the presence of large dead space, particularly when there is a huge multinodular goiter or intrathoracic extension or when the patient is on anticoagulant or anti-platelet treatment.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 62-65
Incidence and Complications of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute, Dhaka
Authors: Jahan Rowshan Hosne 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is a major surgical venture performed in the setting of life threatening hemorrhage during or immediately after abdominal and vaginal deliveries. In developing countries, 8-10% of maternal mortality directly occurs due to massive obstetrical hemorrhage. Most common indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy has been uterine atony and uterine rupture. The decision to perform an emergency hysterectomy on a young woman especially one with low parity poses a dilemma for the obstetrician particularly in our society.
Objective: To estimate incidence, indications and postoperative complications associated with emergency hysterectomy at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study and registration numbers of all women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy were indentified. With the numbers, the case notes were retrieved from the medical records department for in-depth study. Information abstracted included the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, indications for the hysterectomy, type of hysterectomy performed, booking status of patients, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery and maternal outcome were recorded in a pre-designed data form. The data were analyzed using simple proportion, rates and tables.
Results: There were 18 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomies performed during the study period of January 2011 to December 2013 (incidence 1.26/1000 deliveries). Commonest age of the middle group was 29-34 years. Ruptured uterus was the commonest indication (9 cases, 50%) and other indications were uterine atony/ PPH (8 cases, 44.44%), placenta praevia (1 case, 5.56%). Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was done in 17(94.44%) cases whereas total abdominal hysterectomy in 01(5.56%) cases. This emergency procedure was associated with significant number of intraoperative and postoperative complications, However maternal and perinatal outcome was satisfactory.
Conclusion: EPH remains an essential life saving procedure and its incidence continues to remain high in our community when compared with developed countries. Effective antenatal care, identification of patients at risk, enhancement of blood transfusion facilities together with improvement of surgical skills are important to reduce the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy as well as morbidity and mortality.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 106-110
Short Course versus Standard Course Antibiotic Treatment for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Amin Tahsinul , Nur Ayesha Najma 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality and often requires prompt empiric treatment. However, only a minority of babies who receive antibiotics for suspected sepsis have an infection. Antimicrobial exposure in infancy has important short-term and long-term consequences. There is no consensus regarding empirical antimicrobial regimens.
Objective: To compare efficacy and benefits of short course (5 days) over the standard course (7 days) antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis.
Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial done in the neonatal ward in a tertiary level hospital comprising total 100 term neonates equally divided in to two groups by randomization where Group-I (5 days antibiotic therapy) was compared against Group-II (7 days antibiotic therapy) in clinical recovery, hospital stay, morbidity such as seizure, developmental delay etc and mortality.
Results: The study results showed that both the Group-I and Group-II were comparable in baseline clinical data and predisposing factors; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical features e.g. hypotonia (24% vs 26%, p>0.05), poor primitive reflexes (46% vs 52%, p>0.05), temperature instability (34% vs 28%, p>0.05), feeding intolerance (16% vs 14%, p>0.05), apnea / respiratory distress (28% vs 34%, p>0.05) and in clinical outcome e.g. hospital stay (5.24±0.78 vs 7.86±0.42, p>0.05), recovery (86% vs 90%, p>0.05), death (14% vs 10%, p>0.05), seizure disorder (8% vs 6%, p>0.05) and developmental delay (6% vs 4%, p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant difference between the study groups in clinical outcome, however, short course antibiotic (5 days) is equally effective but economically more beneficial to standard course antibiotic (7 days) therapy for neonatal sepsis.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 124-127
Large for Gestational Age Babies Born To Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Halim AKM Yunus , Huda Syed Nazmul , Ahmed Luthfor , Begum Shireen , Banu Laila Arjumand 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Foetal growth and development is a complex process that involves the interrelationship among the mother, placenta and fetus. Both high and low birth weight infants are associated with the highest prevalence of diabetes. Women with diabetes are at greater risks, because of their pregnancy related complications.
Objective: To compare the characteristics of groups of LGA (large for gestational age) babies born to prediabetic mothers (DM) and gestational diabetic mothers (GDM) with control infants born to apparently healthy non-diabetic mothers (NDM).
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 251 newborn-mother pairs (n: DM=86; GDM=86 and NDM=79) recruited from the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. Detailed anthropometric measurements of infants were taken at birth in the hospital. LGA babies had birth weights greater than the 90th percentile for their gestational age for sex and SGA (small for gestational age) babies usually had birth weights below the 10th percentile for babies of the same gestational age for sex.
Results: Only 10(11.6%) babies were found LGA in the GDM group as opposed to 3 each for DM and NDM group. There was a significant group difference in the incidences of SGA babies. Around 16% to 18% were there in the DM and GDM groups, as opposed to much higher rate (30.4%) in the NDM group.
Conclusion: Newborns from both DM and GDM groups showed greater values compared to that of the NDM group in all anthropometric measures except length and head circumference suggesting intrauterine growth acceleration in them.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 117-123
Successful Outcome of Pregnancy with Addison’s Disease & Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nahar Nargis , Ara Iffat 
Published: June 2019

Hypocortisolism or hypoadrenalism is well known as Addison’s disease which is a long term endocrine disorder. In pregnancy it requires much awareness and attention of treating physicians. Early diagnosis, adequate supplement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid and fetal surveillance through regular antenatal checkup is essential for pregnant ladies with Addison’s disease. Patients should be counselled appropriately regarding medication, life-style and precautions to be taken in case of infection, operational exposure or any other stress.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 134-137
Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB)
Authors: Perveen Irin , Hasan Md Quamrul , Mosabbir Md Abu 
Published: June 2019

Background: Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Prevalence as well as mortality is higher in elderly persons above sixty years because of increasing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and associated comorbidity. Conventionally upper GI bleeding is divided as variceal and nonvariceal sources and the treatment protocol varies accordingly. There are limited data regarding UGIB in our country.
Objective: This observational study was designed to delineate the clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with UGIB in our country.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Gastroenterology in Enam Medical College & Hospital during the period of 2014–2017. Patients with UGIB were followed until discharge or death. Patients were subjected to upper GI endoscopy, preferably within the first 24 hours. Clinical and endoscopic data of 131 patients were compiled and analyzed in this study. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0.
Results: Among the 131 final participants 101 were male and 30 were female. Mean age of the patients was 43.65 ± 18.63 years. Patients mostly presented with both haematemesis and melaena (66, 50.4% patients), 33.6% with haematemesis only, and 16% patients with melaena only. The most common endoscopic finding was duodenal and or gastric ulcer (57); next common lesions were gastric/duodenal erosions (23), oesophageal varices (13), oesophageal erosions/ulcers (10), corrosive burn (10) and carcinoma (7). Forty patients had history of NSAID intake and gastric/duodenal ulcer and/erosions were the most frequent lesions among them (27). One patient with oesophageal varices died due to rebleeding.
Conclusion: In our study peptic ulcer-related bleeding is the most common cause of UGIB. A significant proportion of UGIB is due to corrosive burn (harpic) emphasizing the need for public awareness. Mortality was due to rebleeding.
J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 78-83