bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic comparison of the 7th and 8th editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kang Sang‐Hyun , Hwang Shin , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral important changes were made to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor staging system for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We assessed the prognostic impact of this new tumor staging system compared to the 7th edition.MethodsA retrospective single‐institution study was performed with 626 patients who underwent R0 resection for ICC over 20‐year period.ResultsAnatomical resection and concurrent bile duct resection were performed in 571 (91.2%) and 62 (9.9%) patients, respectively. Cumulative tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 40.6% and 73.3% at 1 year; 66.7% and 43.8% at 3 years; 73.6% and 30.4% at 5 years; and 74.4% and 20.3% at 10 years, respectively. Independent prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and patient survival were multiple tumors, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 >200 U/ml, tumor size >5 cm, direct invasion to extrahepatic structure, and lymph node metastasis. For tumor‐node‐metastasis stages in the 7th versus the 8th editions, concordance index was 0.615 and 0.625 for tumor recurrence and 0.626 and 0.628 for patient survival, respectively.ConclusionsThe 8th edition of the AJCC staging system appears to provide high prognostic contrast for T stage categories, except for T3. However, overall prognostic performance of the 8th edition was not markedly improved over the 7th edition.
Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead
Authors: Rosenberg Helene F , Druey Kirk M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous, and recurring inflammatory disease of the lower airways, with exacerbations that feature airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma has been modeled extensively via disease induction in both wild-type and genetically manipulated laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Antigen sensitization and challenge strategies have reproduced numerous important features of airway inflammation characteristic of human asthma, notably the critical roles of type 2 T helper cell cytokines. Recent models of disease induction have advanced to include physiologic aeroallergens with prolonged respiratory challenge without systemic sensitization; others incorporate tobacco, respiratory viruses, or bacteria as exacerbants. Nonetheless, differences in lung size, structure, and physiologic responses limit the degree to which airway dynamics measured in mice can be compared to human subjects. Other rodent allergic airways models, including those featuring the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) might be considered for lung function studies. Finally, domestic cats (Feline catus) and horses (Equus caballus) develop spontaneous obstructive airway disorders with clinical and pathologic features that parallel human asthma. Information on pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders is an important resource.
Review on the principles of in vivo modeling together with specific features of animal models for the study of human asthma.
Relationship between subchondral bone microstructure and articular cartilage in the osteoarthritic knee using 3T MRI
Authors: Liu Chenglei , Liu Chang , Si Liping , Shen Hao , Wang Qian , Yao Weiwu 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe importance of subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) has drawn interest.PurposeTo investigate subregional trabecular bone microstructural features and to determine the relationship between cartilage and trabecular bone in the osteoarthritic human knee.Study TypeProspective study.SubjectsIn all, 92 knees were enrolled and divided into three groups: without OA, mild OA, and severe OA.SequenceA sagittal 3D balanced fast field echo (3D B‐FFE) sequence and FatSat 3D fast field echo (3D‐FFE) sequence at 3T MRI.AssessmentThe trabecular bone in 12 sites of the knee joint was evaluated using digital topological analysis, and the cartilage thickness in four sites was calculated.Statistical TestTrabecular bone and cartilage parameters between groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni adjustment, and their correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsWithin both femoral condyles, the trabecular bone structure deteriorated in mild OA, showing a lower bone volume fraction (BVF) (0.15 to 0.12, P < 0.05), higher erosion index (EI) (2.25 to 2.28, P < 0.01), and a lower plate‐to‐rod ratio (SCR) (6.22 to 5.96, P < 0.05). Within medial and lateral tibia, deterioration in the trabecular bone was also observed, demonstrating a lower BVF (0.15 to 0.12 P < 0.05) and a higher EI (2.25 to 2.61, P < 0.05). Cartilage attrition mainly occurred in the medial joint. Extensive correlations were found between the medial cartilage thickness and subregional trabecular parameters. There was mainly a positive correlation with both femoral BVFs (r > 0.3, P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with the tibia SCR (r < –0.2, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionIn the early stage of OA, trabecular bone osteoporotic changes were observed in both femoral condyles and the tibia. Based on a strong correlation with the medial cartilage thickness, the trabecular structural topological analysis may be useful for elucidating OA onset and progression.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:669–679.
A long‐term comparative prospective study between reinnervation and injection laryngoplasty
Authors: Lee Seung Won , Park Ki Nam 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThis study compared and assessed long‐term voice outcomes when thyroidectomy‐related unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP) was managed using injection laryngoplasty (IL) and recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation (RLNR).Study DesignProspective clinical study.MethodsA prospective clinical trial was performed from March 2005 to January 2016 at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital (Bucheon, South Korea). Nineteen patients who underwent ansa cervicalis to RLNR or direct reinnervation, and 43 patients who underwent IL to treat thyroidectomy‐related unilateral VFP, were enrolled.ResultsAll voice parameters exhibited statistically significant improvement 12 months post‐IL, which persisted for 24 and 36 months (P < 0.05). However, at 36 months post‐IL, some voice parameters had deteriorated relative to the values at 24 months post‐IL. After RLNR, all voice parameters exhibited statistically significant improvement after 12 months, and the improvements remained stable until 36 months postsurgery without deterioration of voice parameters (P < 0.05). At 36 months, RLNR provided better voice results than IL (P < 0.05).ConclusionBoth RLNR and IL yielded statistically significant voice improvements at 36 months postoperatively. However, after 36 months, RLNR provided better results than IL.Level of Evidence3. Laryngoscope, 1893–1897, 2018
Enzymatic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Thiol‐Terminated Poly(δ‐Valerolactone) and Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhu Ning , Huang Weijun , Hu Xin , Liu Yihuan , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThiol‐terminated poly(δ‐valerolactone) is directly synthesized via enzymatic 6‐mercapto‐1‐hexanol initiated ring‐opening polymerization in both batch and microreactor. By using Candida antartica Lipase B immobilized tubular reactor, narrowly dispersed poly(δ‐valerolactone) with higher thiol fidelity is more efficiently prepared in contrast to the batch reactor. Moreover, the integrated enzyme packed tubular reactor system is established to perform the chain extension experiments. Thiol‐terminated poly(δ‐valerolactone)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(δ‐valerolactone) are easily prepared by modulating the monomer introduction sequence.
Imaging Proton Transport in Giant Vesicles through Cyclic Peptide–Polymer Conjugate Nanotube Transmembrane Ion Channels
Authors: Binfield Jason G. , Brendel Johannes C. , Cameron Neil R. , Eissa Ahmed M. , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince their discovery in 1993, interest in various aspects of cyclic peptides (CPs) has expanded rapidly. Of particular note is their potential to form artificial ion channels in lipid membranes, an attractive characteristic in supramolecular chemistry and biological research. The design and synthesis of cyclic peptide–polymer conjugates (CPPCs) that can self‐assemble within lipid bilayers into nanotubes, mimicking naturally occurring membrane channels and pores, has been reported. However, methods that allow direct detection of the transport process with high levels of certainty are still lacking. This work focuses on the development of a simple but reliable approach to verify and quantify proton transport across a bilayer membrane. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are created via the electroformation method and CPPCs are incorporated in GUV membranes at varying concentrations (0–10%). Confocal fluorescence microscopy is used to demonstrate full inclusion of fluorescein‐labeled CPPCs in the GUV membranes. The pH‐sensitive dye carboxyfluorescein is encapsulated within the water pool of the GUVs and used as an indicator of proton transport. This assay is versatile and can be exploited on other existing proton transporter systems, providing a consistent tool to compare their performances. It should also aid the development of novel antineoplastics and drug delivery systems.
Multimaterial Eulerian finite element formulation for pressure‐sensitive adhesives
Authors: Nishiguchi Koji , Okazawa Shigenobu , Tsubokura Makoto 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA temperature‐dependent visco‐hyperelastic formulation is proposed based on a Eulerian finite element method for large‐deformation and multimaterial problems, which is pertinent in the application to pressure‐sensitive adhesives. All the basic equations are computed in the Eulerian description because it allows arbitrarily large deformations. This formulation employs Simo's finite‐strain viscoelastic model, where hyperelasticity is modeled as a novel strain‐energy function of the left Cauchy‐Green deformation tensor. The left Cauchy‐Green deformation tensor is temporally updated from the Eulerian velocity field. Temperature dependence is described with the time‐temperature superposition principle. To validate the proposed approach, we simulated tests of uniaxial tension with various tensile speeds and temperature conditions and performed a steel‐ball‐drop test on an acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesive.
Poly(α‐methyleneglutarimide)s from radical polymerization of α‐methyleneglutarimides
Authors: Wang Yuanxian , Xu Shu , Hoye Thomas R. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTα‐Methyleneglutaric acid, a metabolite of niacin (nicotinic acid), can be easily converted to its cyclic anhydride. We report here the first conversion of α‐methyleneglutaric anhydride to (a series of) α‐methyleneglutarimides. These monomers can be radically polymerized to the title polymers. These have relatively high glass transition properties compared to the lower homologs derived from itaconimides (α‐methylenesuccinimides). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1020–1026
Risk factors for hospitalizations due to bacterial respiratory tract infections after tracheotomy
Authors: Russell Christopher J. , Thurm Cary , Hall Matt , Simon Tamara D. , Neely Michael N. , Berry Jay G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveIdentify characteristics associated with hospital readmission due to bacterial respiratory tract infections (bRTI) after tracheotomy.Study designRetrospective study of 8009 children 0‐17 years undergoing tracheotomy from 2007 to 2013 at 48 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. The primary outcome was first hospital admission after tracheotomy for bRTI (ie, primary diagnosis of bRTI or a primary diagnosis of bRTI symptom and secondary diagnosis of bRTI). We used Cox‐proportional hazard modeling to assess associations between patient demographic and clinical characteristics and bRTI hospital readmission.ResultsMedian age at tracheotomy admission was 5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐50 months). Thirty‐six percent (n = 2899) had at least one bRTI admission. Median time‐to‐readmission for bRTI was 275 days (IQR: 141‐530). Factors independently associated with increased risk for bRTI readmission were younger age (eg, age < 30 days vs 13‐17 years [aHR 1.32; 95%CI: 1.11‐1.58]), Hispanic race/ethnicity (vs non‐Hispanic White; aHR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.20‐1.50), government insurance (vs private; aHR 1.21; 95%CI: 1.10‐1.33), >2 complex chronic conditions (vs zero; aHR 1.96; 95%CI: 1.34‐2.86) and discharge to home (vs post‐acute care setting; aHR 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08‐1.32). Trauma diagnosis at tracheotomy (aHR 0.83; 95%CI: 0.69‐1) and ventilator dependency (aHR 0.88; 95%CI: 0.81‐0.97) were associated with decreased risk.ConclusionsYoung, Hispanic children with multiple complex chronic conditions who use Medicaid insurance and are not discharged to post‐acute care are at the highest risk for hospital readmission for bRTI post‐tracheotomy. Future research should investigate strategies to mitigate this risk for these children.
Can dimedone be used to study selenoproteins? An investigation into the reactivity of dimedone toward oxidized forms of selenocysteine
Authors: Payne N. Connor , Barber Drew R. , Ruggles Erik L. , Hondal Robert J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDimedone is a widely used reagent to assess the redox state of cysteine‐containing proteins as it will alkylate sulfenic acid residues, but not sulfinic acid residues. While it has been reported that dimedone can label selenenic acid residues in selenoproteins, we investigated the stability, and reversibility of this label in a model peptide system. We also wondered whether dimedone could be used to detect seleninic acid residues. We used benzenesulfinic acid, benzeneseleninic acid, and model selenocysteine‐containing peptides to investigate possible reactions with dimedone. These peptides were incubated with H2O2 in the presence of dimedone and then the reactions were followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS). The native peptide, H‐PTVTGCUG‐OH (corresponding to the native amino acid sequence of the C‐terminus of mammalian thioredoxin reductase), could not be alkylated by dimedone, but could be carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid. However the “mutant peptide,” H‐PTVTGAUG‐OH, could be labeled with dimedone at low concentrations of H2O2, but the reaction was reversible by addition of thiol. Due to the reversible nature of this alkylation, we conclude that dimedone is not a good reagent for detecting selenenic acids in selenoproteins. At high concentrations of H2O2, selenium was eliminated from the peptide and a dimeric form of dimedone could be detected using LCMS and 1H NMR. The dimeric dimedone product forms as a result of a seleno‐Pummerer reaction with Sec‐seleninic acid. Overall our results show that the reaction of dimedone with oxidized cysteine residues is quite different from the same reaction with oxidized selenocysteine residues.
Next‐generation metabolic screening: targeted and untargeted metabolomics for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in individual patients
Authors: Coene Karlien L. M. , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , van der Heeft Ed , Engelke Udo F. H. , de Boer Siebolt , Hoegen Brechtje , Kwast Hanneke J. T. , van de Vorst Maartje , Huigen Marleen C. D. G. , Keularts Irene M. L. W. , Schreuder Michiel F. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Wortmann Saskia B. , de Vries Maaike C. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Gilissen Christian , Engel Jasper , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe implementation of whole‐exome sequencing in clinical diagnostics has generated a need for functional evaluation of genetic variants. In the field of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), a diverse spectrum of targeted biochemical assays is employed to analyze a limited amount of metabolites. We now present a single‐platform, high‐resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight (LC‐QTOF) method that can be applied for holistic metabolic profiling in plasma of individual IEM‐suspected patients. This method, which we termed “next‐generation metabolic screening” (NGMS), can detect >10,000 features in each sample. In the NGMS workflow, features identified in patient and control samples are aligned using the “various forms of chromatography mass spectrometry (XCMS)” software package. Subsequently, all features are annotated using the Human Metabolome Database, and statistical testing is performed to identify significantly perturbed metabolite concentrations in a patient sample compared with controls. We propose three main modalities to analyze complex, untargeted metabolomics data. First, a targeted evaluation can be done based on identified genetic variants of uncertain significance in metabolic pathways. Second, we developed a panel of IEM‐related metabolites to filter untargeted metabolomics data. Based on this IEM‐panel approach, we provided the correct diagnosis for 42 of 46 IEMs. As a last modality, metabolomics data can be analyzed in an untargeted setting, which we term “open the metabolome” analysis. This approach identifies potential novel biomarkers in known IEMs and leads to identification of biomarkers for as yet unknown IEMs. We are convinced that NGMS is the way forward in laboratory diagnostics of IEMs.
Potential impact of climate change on canopy tree species composition of cool‐temperate forests in Japan using a multivariate classification tree model
Authors: Matsui Tetsuya , Nakao Katsuhiro , Higa Motoki , Tsuyama Ikutaro , Kominami Yuji , Yagihashi Tsutomu , Koide Dai , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate change will likely change the species composition or abundance of plant communities, and it is important to anticipate these changes to develop climate change adaptation policies. We chose beech (Fagus crenata Blume) and its competitive tree species as target species to evaluate potential turnover in forest types under climate change using a multivariate classification tree model. To construct the model, geographical presence/absence data for nine target species were used as multivariate response variables, with five climatic factors were used as predictor variables. Current and future distribution probabilities for the target species were calculated, and the 15 dominant forest types were subjectively classified in approximately 1‐km2 grid cells within the area of the current beech forest distribution. All 16,398 grid cells of the beech‐dominant forest type (FCR‐QCR) were projected to be replaced in the future by five Quercus crispula‐dominant types (59% of FCR‐QCR grid cells), four Q. serrata types (22%), two Q. salicina types (8%), or two Abies firma types (0.1%). The FCR‐QCR type remained unchanged (stable) in only 11.4% of grid cells; these were mainly distributed at high elevations in snowy areas on the Sea of Japan side of the country. In contrast, vulnerable habitats (future probability of beech occurrence less than 1.0%) were found at low elevations on both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean sides. Northwards or upwards range expansions or increases of Quercus spp., in particular, need to be carefully monitored.
Reconstrução da cápsula superior com Aloenxerto de fáscia lata para Roturas irreparáveis do tendão do músculo supraespinal
Authors: Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Beraldo Rodrigo Alves , Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Oliveira Danilo Ricardo Okiishi de , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado 
Published: February 2018

ResumoA reconstrução da cápsula superior é um procedimento descrito recentemente para o tratamento das roturas irreparáveis do tendão do músculo supraespinal. Como opções de enxerto podemos citar o uso de fáscia lata autógena e enxerto dermal acelularizado. Nenhum estudo foi publicado com o uso de aloenxerto de fáscia lata. O objetivo desta nota é descrever a técnica cirúrgica da reconstrução da cápsula superior com aloenxerto de fáscia lata. O procedimento é feito por visão artroscópica, com o paciente posicionado em decúbito lateral. Os autores descrevem uma técnica baseada no uso do nó em dupla polia na glenoide e no tubérculo maior, que facilita o procedimento e permite que o enxerto seja levado para o espaço subacromial na posição definitiva e com a tensão adequada. Os aloenxertos usados são provenientes de banco de tecidos, onde são criopreservados e submetidos à avaliação microbiológica e histopatológica. A reconstrução da cápsula superior é uma cirurgia promissora. A técnica descrita mostra uma opção artroscópica viável, com uso de menor número de âncoras quando comparada com as demais descrições.
Mediaeval grammatical theories
Authors: Bursill-Hall G. L. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis article is an essay by a modern linguist in one aspect of the history of grammar. Grammar was a compulsory subject in the curriculum of the mediaeval university, and the golden age of scholasticism produced a number of interesting theories of grammar; this article is concerned with the theory of one group in particular, i.e. the Modistae, speculative grammarians who were active in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The Modistae wrote their treatises in Latin and drew upon Latin to illustrate their theories. In addition they made of Latin an idealized language, a kind of “second-order-” or metalanguage, and it was from the standpoint of this idealized language that all grammatical speculation and pedagogy were to be carried out. This is an attitude which has persisted up to the present day and one which has considerably influenced the teaching of grammar and foreign languages since the Middle Ages.
Island-Building in the South China Sea: Legality and Limits
Authors: DAVENPORT Tara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAll the claimants in the South China Sea disputes have engaged in various degrees of island-building on many of the geographic features in the Spratly Islands. However, as noted by the Tribunal in the South China Sea Arbitration, none has been on the scale of Chinese island-building on the features which it occupies, which escalated after the Philippines initiated arbitral proceedings in 2013. While the most important aspect of the Award is that it clarified the extent of the respective maritime rights of China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, the Tribunal’s rulings on the reclamation and island-building activities of China are equally significant. To this end, this paper will examine the findings of the Tribunal on the legality of China’s island-building activities as well as legal constraints on such activities (if any). Last, it will explore the implications of these findings for the Southeast Asian claimants and island-building and fortification of the features that they occupy.
Arbitration of the Philippine Claim Against China
Authors: PINTO M.C.W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses the Tribunal’s decision to assume jurisdiction over the Philippine claim notwithstanding China’s publicly declared and law-based withholding of consent to the proceedings instituted by the Philippines. The Tribunal relied on its interpretation of China’s general commitment under Section 2 of Part XV (Settlement of Disputes) of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea,1 which was subjected to a Convention-authorized “exception” under Article 298 (China’s Declaration of 25 August 2006) that had selectively deprived any such proceeding of the essential element of China’s consent. The paper calls for inventive consideration of the methods available for resolving disputes, which might be seen currently as excessively influenced by procedures designed for resolving international trade disputes where only one party is a state.