Preparing the future pharmacy workforce: competency-based undergraduate curricula for teaching, learning and assessment with a focus on antimicrobial stewardship
Authors:   A. P. Tonna on behalf of NAPEG (National Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacy Education Group), Fleming N , Damant G , Martin S , Hamilton R , Allison D , Ashiru-Oredope D , Root H , Shemilt K , Bullen K , Frost K , Aldeyab M , Courtenay M , Harrison R , Tipping S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Competency-based teaching, learning and assessment underpins the requirements for initial training and education of pharmacists (IETPs) in the UK and is set by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). This competency-based pedagogic approach is conducive when teaching antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) since it ensures that rather than only reciting and absorbing content, student pharmacists gain the necessary skills and behaviours to apply knowledge effectively in clinical practice. This is particularly relevant since newly graduate pharmacists will need to show competency in independent prescribing at the point of graduation from 2026 and education needs to evolve to incorporate prescribing skills including decision making.

Aim
The aim of this project was to develop a UK-wide national AMS competency framework specifically tailored for student pharmacists and foundation year trainees.

Method
A working group of academics and pharmacy practitioners from all four nations and with expertise in AMS was set up in September 2022. Student pharmacists from a national organisation (BPSA) and a professional pharmacy body (RPS) are also members.
Development of the consensus indicative curriculum for student pharmacists was adapted from published frameworks including those for UK undergraduate medical students1, and a UK wide set of generic AMS competencies for undergraduate healthcare professional education2. The results of a survey3 conducted across Schools of Pharmacy (SoP) aiming to determine the nature and extent of implementation of the latter generic competencies, also informed this project. To ensure consistency, the group has worked with the British Society for Chemotherapy (BSAC) to align to the Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) website, that provides resources for pharmacy students and educators, aligned to the curriculum domains.
No ethics approval was required for this study since it did not involve any participants.

Results
The final curriculum consists of six domains: Infection prevention and control, antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship, vaccine uptake, person-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice. Each domain includes a competency statement together with accompanying descriptors (74) clearly outlining the knowledge and application required by the newly qualified pharmacist. To support implementation of the framework, the individual competencies were mapped to the revised GPhC standards for the IETPs together with Royal Pharmaceutical Society Prescribing Competency Framework that link to AMR and AMS. The group has also developed a set of suggested practice-based activities aligned with the framework domains to support pharmacists supervising or assessing students on placement.

Discussion/Conclusion
This project is timely to support development of future pharmacists as leaders in AMS and ensure a portable workforce, since pharmacists will be independent prescribers at the point of registration from 2026. A limitation of the development is the fact that not all SoP have been involved in the process; however, efforts are being made to communicate curriculum content as widely as possible. Though it is not mandatory to implement this curriculum, it provides a benchmark for embedding the competencies into undergraduate pharmacy curricula and allows identification of topics that may not be adequately covered. It also promotes consistency of approach across schools. (500 words)

References
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2. Courtenay, M., Lim, R., Castro-Sanchez, E., Deslandes, R., Hodson, K., Morris, G., Reeves, S., Weiss, M., Ashiru-Oredope, D., Bain, H., Black, A., Bosanquet, J., Cockburn, A., Duggan, C., Fitzpatrick, M., Gallagher, R., Grant, D., McEwen, J., Reid, N., Sneddon, J., Stewart, D., Tonna, A. & White, P. Development of consensus-based national antimicrobial stewardship competencies for UK undergraduate healthcare professional education. Journal of hospital infection, 2018, 100(3), 245–56
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