bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and spectroscopic investigations on the crystallization of uranium brannerite phases in glass
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Karatchevtseva Inna , Kong Linggen , Wei Tao , Zhang Zhaoming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBrannerite‐based glass‐ceramics with relatively high actinide waste loadings are potential waste forms for the immobilization of actinide‐rich radioactive wastes containing process chemicals. In this work, the crystallization of pentavalent uranium brannerite phases in glass with the incorporation of yttrium/cerium/europium has been investigated. The formation of brannerite phases in glass has been confirmed with X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The evolution of microstructures and the development of micro pores in brannerite phases have been revealed by scanning electron microscopy with the nominal formula, Y0.51U0.49Ti2O6, Ce0.65U0.35Ti2O6, and Eu0.53U0.47Ti2O6, being determined with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The presence of dominant U5+ species has been proven with both diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy. In addition, the systematic Raman band shifts with the mean cation radius in the studied brannerite series have been observed and discussed.
TiO2/TNO homojunction introduced in a dye‐sensitized solar cell with a novel TNO transparent conductive oxide film
Authors: Okuya Masayuki , Sato Jun , Endo Takeshi , Iwaki Ryo , Takemura Shuichiro , Muramoto Ryosuke , Nagygyörgy Viola , Madarász János , Nakao Shoichiro , Yamada Naoomi , Sakai Enju , Hitosugi Taro , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, niobium‐doped titanium oxide (TNO) was employed for a novel transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film to construct a porous‐TiO2/TNO homojunction in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). However, considering a balance between the electrical and optical properties of the TCO film, the sheet resistance in TNO was tuned to be higher than that in a typical fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO). The photovoltaic performance of the cell with the TNO film (TNO cell) was optimized to be almost comparable to that with a conventional FTO film (FTO cell) by coating the surface of the porous‐TiO2 layer with a thin alumina or magnesia film to block a back reaction within the cell. An electrochemical impedance measurement was conducted to determine the detailed photovoltaic performance from the viewpoint of electron transportation in the cell. R1, the real part of ω1, indicated that electron transportation at the porous‐TiO2/TNO interface was more favorable than that at the porous‐TiO2/FTO interface, which was supported by AC phase change in the cell at a high‐frequency range. We found that the homojunction newly introduced in the cell is one of the key concepts for developing a DSSC into a high‐performance photovoltaic device.
Severe pain during wound care procedures: A cross‐sectional study protocol
Authors: Fiala Catherine A. , Abbott Linda I. , Carter Cheryl D. , Hillis Stephen L. , Wolf Jessica S. , Schuster Meghan , Dulski Rachel , Grice Elizabeth A. , Rakel Barbara A. , Gardner Sue E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to: (a) develop and evaluate a model to predict severe pain during wound care procedures (WCPs) so that high‐risk patients can be targeted for specialized dressings and preventive pain control; and (b) identify biological factors associated with severe pain during WCPs so that novel pain control strategies can be developed.BackgroundWound care procedures such as dressing changes can cause moderate to severe pain in 74% of patients, with nearly half (36%) of all patients experiencing severe pain (rated as 8–10 on a 10‐point numeric rating scale) during dressing change. Additionally, clinicians have little direction with current guidelines regarding pain control during WCPs including the selection of the appropriate advanced wound dressings and the appropriate use of analgesics.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe National Institute of Nursing Research approved and funded the study June of 2015 and the appropriate Institutional Review Board approved all study protocols prior to funding. Study enrolment is underway at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics with a target of 525 participants. Potential participants must be adults (21+ years) and have a nonburn, nondiabetic foot, full‐thickness wound. The research team performs a one‐time study dressing change on enrolled participants and collects all study data.DiscussionThis study will allow the development of a tool for clinicians to use to predict severe pain during WCPs and identify biological factors significantly associated with severe pain during WCPs.
A systematic review protocol of educational programs for nursing staff on management of resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment in residential aged care homes
Authors: Ellis Julie M. , Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina , Ward Louise , Campbell Fergus , Hillel Stav , Downing Carolyn , Teresi Jeanne , Ramirez Mildred 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo review evidence concerning educational programs for nursing staff on management of resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment with the aim of preventing and reducing this abuse in residential aged care homes.BackgroundAlthough elder abuse has received considerable attention, very little is known regarding resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment in residential aged care homes and about interventions/programs to prevent and reduce this harm. Nurses play an essential role in identifying and managing aggressive interactions. However, many nurses may not recognize these behaviours as forms of abuse. Thus, it is important to ascertain if educational programs for nursing staff have been developed and implemented.DesignQuantitative systematic review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017080925).MethodsA systematic search of English published studies between 1980 ‐ 2017 will be conducted in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsychInfo and Scopus. Risk of bias and quality of the studies will be evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration′s tool and the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized studies. A meta‐analysis will be performed, if sufficient homogeneity exists; otherwise, data will be summarized by using a narrative description. This study was funded in January 2017.DiscussionNursing staff should play a pivotal role in preventing and/or reducing resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment. Therefore, it is important to identify available educational programs for nursing staff dealing with this abuse. Consequently, this review may provide evidence‐based care for nursing staff to assist them in protecting older residents from experiencing abuse or being abused and in improving their well‐being.
Levosimendan differentially modulates electrophysiological activities of sinoatrial nodes, pulmonary veins, and the left and right atria
Authors: Lin Yung‐Kuo , Chen Yao‐Chang , Chen Yi‐Ann , Huang Jen‐Hung , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionCalcium overload increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, increases myofilament contractility. Clinical reports suggested that levosimendan might increase AF occurrence, but the electrophysiological effects of levosimendan on AF substrates and triggers (pulmonary veins, PVs) are not clear.Methods and resultsConventional microelectrodes were used to record action potentials (APs) in isolated rabbit PVs, sinoatrial nodes (SANs), the left atrium (LA), and right atrium (RA) before and after application of different concentrations of levosimendan with or without milrinone (a phosphodiesterase [PDE] III inhibitor), and glibenclamide (an ATP‐sensitive potassium channel [KATP] inhibitor). Levosimendan (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μM) significantly increased spontaneous rates from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 2.5 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.1, and 2.7 ± 0.2 Hz, respectively, in PVs (n = 10), but had no effects on denudated PVs (n = 9). Additionally, levosimendan significantly induced burst firing and/or triggered beats in intact PVs, but not in denudated PVs. In contrast, levosimendan at 0.3 and 1 μM increased the SAN spontaneous rate. In the presence of milrinone (10 μM), levosimendan (1 μM) did not increase the PV spontaneous activity. Moreover, glibenclamide (100 μM) prevented acceleration of the levosimendan‐induced SAN and PV rates. In the LA, levosimendan at 0.3 and 1 μM shortened the AP duration, and increased contractility at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μM. In contrast, levosimendan did not change the RA contractility, and shortened the AP duration only at 1 μM.ConclusionsLevosimendan increased PV arrhythmogenesis through activating endothelial PDE III and the KATP, and modulating PV tension.
Characterization and functional analysis of hsp21.8b: An orthologous small heat shock protein gene in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Xie J. , Xiong W. , Hu X. , Gu S. , Zhang S. , Gao S. , Song X. , Bi J. , Li B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSmall heat shock proteins (sHSPs) act as molecular chaperones and are widely distributed in all kinds of organisms. Comparative analysis revealed that an orthologous shsp was present during insect evolution. Here, hsp21.8b, one insect orthologous shsp, had been identified in Tribolium castaneum. Quantitative real‐time PCR illustrated that Tchsp21.8b was expressed in all developmental stages, along with the lowest expression at early embryonic stage and relative high expression at other stages especially in late eggs and late pupae. In the adult period, Tchsp21.8b exhibited the highest expression level in central nervous system and followed in elytron, epidermis, ovary and fat body. Moreover, it was upregulated 3.39‐fold in response to enhanced heat stress (45°C) for 4 hr but not to cold stress (4°C) and was upregulated by 1.73‐ to 1.94‐fold under ultraviolet (UV) exposure during 4–6 hr. It was also downregulated by 20.8%–41.8% under starvation in 3 days and had a “down‐up‐down” trend under the pathogen stresses. Larval RNA interference of Tchsp21.8b caused 40.6% insects mortality and reduced the oviposition amount by 66.0% and only 21.0% of the ds‐Tchsp21.8b eggs could hatch into larvae. These results suggested that as an orthologous shsp, Tchsp21.8b not only plays important roles in the growth, development and fecundity of T. castaneum but with the competence to resist the environment stresses, although the response is relatively weak compared to other hsps. Results from this study also uncovered the functions of the orthologous shsp in the development and anti‐stresses ability of T. castanuem. It provided more scientific evidence for revealing the physiological mechanisms of shsps of the insects and enhanced the capabilities to control different pests.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITATIVE METHODS APPLIED TO THE MEASUREMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS
Authors: Chain Caio Peixoto , Santos Antônio Carlos dos , Castro Luiz Gonzaga de , Prado José Willer do 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiterature on methods for analysing interindustry interdependence and geographical concentration of firms began to multiply since the 1990s. The aim of this paper was to systematize the literature on methods and measures applied to the analysis of industrial clusters, as well as to identify trends in this knowledge field. The method used was bibliometrics, which consisted of a frequency evaluation of the publications and the relationship network between them. It was verified an exponential increase in the number of papers that composed this area, based mainly on the theories of New Economic Geography. Recently, the literature has focused on the geographic location in relation to interindustry linkages, and the frontier of knowledge has shifted from traditional methods of regional science to areas such as spatial statistics, econophysics and artificial intelligence. There are still relevant questions being explored, as Modifiable Area Unit Problem (aggregation bias), nevertheless, spatial anisotropy (directional bias) is still neglected and indicates a new research path.
A novel, cell‐permeable, collagen‐based membrane promotes fibroblast migration
Authors: Sadeghi R. , Mahdavi P. , Lee W. S. , Quan B. , Sone E. , Ganss B. , McCulloch C. A. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectiveGrowth factors are frequently incorporated into scaffolds to promote periodontal regeneration but many currently used scaffolds do not encourage cell migration towards the dentogingival junction. We examined the proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts in a novel, physically robust, collagen‐Vicryl™ membrane loaded with fibronectin (FN) and/or insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I). Biocompatibility of the membranes was evaluated in rat dorsal skin.Material and MethodsChemotaxis was examined in Boyden chambers and cell migration by confocal imaging of membranes, which were fabricated from rat tail type I collagen with embedded Vicryl knitted mesh, IGF‐I (50, 100 ng/mL) and FN (10 μg/mL). Membranes (Vicryl alone, collagen+Vicryl, collagen+Vicryl+IGF‐I, collagen+Vicryl+FN’) were implanted subcutaneously in 8 rats and were evaluated by histomorphometry after 7 and 14 days.ResultsIGF‐I (50 or 100 ng/mL) promoted chemotaxis compared with vehicle controls (P = .02, P = .001, respectively). IGF‐I did not affect cell proliferation. Incorporation of FN retarded time‐dependent release of IGF‐I from collagen gels. Three dimensional confocal microscopy imaging of cell migration through collagen+Vicryl membranes showed enhanced migration in the IGF+FN group compared to all other groups at 8, 10 and 14 days (P < .05). In a rat skin model, implanted membranes were surrounded by thin collagen capsules and mild inflammatory infiltrates.ConclusionIncorporation of FN into IGF‐I‐loaded collagen+Vicryl membranes reduced IGF release from collagen and increased the migration of human gingival fibroblasts. The new membrane may promote healing and reformation of the dentogingival junction.
Raman spectroscopy of shocked enstatite‐rich meteorites
Authors: Zhang Bidong , Shieh Sean R. , Withers Anthony C. , Bouvier Audrey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present Raman patterns of enstatite in different classes of enstatite‐rich chondrites and achondrites of various shock levels as previously reported from petrographic observations and X‐ray diffraction analyses. Thin sections or mineral separates of four enstatite chondrites (LaPaz Icefield [LAP] 02225, MacAlpine Hills [MAC] 02837, Pecora Escarpment [PCA] 91020, and Itqiy), three aubrites (Larkman Nunatak [LAR] 04316, Khor Temiki, and Allan Hills [ALH] 84008), and a ureilite (Sayh al Uhaymir [SaU] 559) were examined by laser Raman spectroscopy. We find that the frequencies of fundamental Raman peaks of enstatites from the chondrites and aubrites deviate by ≤2 cm−1 from the values for unshocked enstatite. This small difference implies a negligible effect of shock metamorphism on peak positions. Significant differences (<6 cm−1) for peak positions are found for the pyroxenes of SaU 559 and may be attributed to minor substitution of Fe and Ca for Mg. Linear regressions of peak widths of enstatite chondrites against their established shock stages show a strong positive correlation for each mode (r2 > 0.94). From this linear relationship, the 343 and 1014 cm−1 peaks of the aubrites coincide with S4 determined from petrography. For Itqiy, we find S4–5, while the shock levels of SaU 559 exceed the petrologic scheme (S1–6), suggesting that the ureilite might have sustained multiple shock events or have been deformed in a high‐pressure environment. Alternatively, for Itqiy (peak 343 cm−1) and SaU 559 (all peaks) enstatites, minor substitutions of Fe and Ca for Mg may have further broadened their peak widths.
Primary iron sulfides in CM and CR carbonaceous chondrites: Insights into nebular processes
Authors: Singerling S. A. , Brearley A. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have carried out a systematic study involving SEM, EPMA, and TEM analyses to determine the textures and compositions of sulfides and sulfide–metal assemblages in a suite of minimally to weakly altered CM and CR carbonaceous chondrites. We have attempted to constrain the distribution and origin of primary sulfides that formed in the solar nebula, rather than by secondary asteroidal alteration processes. Our study focused primarily on sulfide assemblages associated with chondrules, but also examined some occurrences of sulfides within the matrices of these meteorites. Although sulfides are a minor phase in carbonaceous chondrites, we have determined that primary sulfide grains are actually a major proportion of the sulfide grains in weakly altered CM chondrites and have survived aqueous alteration relatively unscathed. In minimally altered CR chondrites, we have determined that essentially all of the sulfides are of primary origin, confirming the observations of Schrader et al. (). The pyrrhotite–pentlandite intergrowth (PPI) grains formed from crystallization of monosulfide solid solution (mss) melts, while sulfide‐rimmed metal (SRM) grains formed from sulfidization of Fe,Ni metal. Micron‐sized metal inclusions in some PPI grains may have formed by co‐crystallization of metal and sulfide from a sulfide melt that experienced S volatilization during the chondrule formation event, or alternatively, may be a remnant of sulfidization of Fe,Ni metal that also occurred during chondrule formation. Sulfur fugacity for SRM grains ranged from −18 to −10 (log units) largely in agreement with predicted solar nebular values. Our observations show that understanding the formation mechanisms of primary sulfide grains provides clues to solar nebular conditions, such as the sulfur fugacity during chondrule formation.
Ethnic nationalism versus religious loyalty: The case of Kurds in Iran
Authors: Tezcür Güneş Murat , Asadzade Peyman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen religious differences are present within an ethnic group, how do they affect the scope of its nationalist mobilization? The Kurds of Iran presents an ideal case to address this question given their religious diversity and varying levels of involvement in Kurdish nationalist movements. Building on an institutional approach to ethnic identity, this article argues that the dynamics of Kurdish ethnic mobilization in Iran reflect the nature of political exclusion in the Islamic Republic that is primarily based on sectarian affiliation. The article, based on original datasets compiled using several languages, including Persian and Kurdish, shows that recruitment into the Kurdish insurgency in Iran is significantly stronger in the Sunni Kurdish areas than the Shiite ones. While religious identity limits the appeal of ethno‐nationalism among the Shiite Kurds, it doubles the sense of marginalization among the Sunni Kurds and makes them more receptive to violent insurgent mobilization.
Procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorders: A survey of current practice patterns of the society for pediatric sedation members
Authors: Kamat Pradip P. , Bryan Leah N. , McCracken Courtney E. , Simon Harold K. , Berkenbosch John W. , Grunwell Jocelyn R. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder are challenging to sedate because of communication, sensory, and behavioral challenges.AimsThe aim of this survey was to determine how procedural sedation is provided to children with autism spectrum disorders and whether sedation programs have specialized protocols for procedural sedation of these children.MethodsWe surveyed physician Medical Directors of sedation programs who are members of the Society for Pediatric Sedation, asking about practice characteristics and resource utilization during procedural sedation of children with autism spectrum disorders.ResultsOf 58 directors, 47 (81%) responded. Of the programs surveyed, 53% were either a large university medical center and 40% were a freestanding children's hospital. Only (12/47, 25.5%) of the programs used an individualized autism coping plan. To accomplish procedural sedation in this study cohort, 36% of the programs used additional nurses, whereas a child life specialist was used in 55% of the programs surveyed. Only 28% of the centers allotted additional time to accommodate children with autism spectrum disorders. Distraction methods were used in 80% whereas restrains were used in 45% programs for were used most commonly for i.v. catheter placement. Propofol was the preferred agent for 70% of programs for imaging, while propofol + fentanyl was used by 66% of programs for painful procedures. Although 57% of directors reported that their program staff was extremely comfortable providing procedural sedation for children with autism spectrum disorder, 79% of the directors wanted more education about behavioral management strategies for procedural sedation of these children.ConclusionAmong the Society for Pediatric Sedation programs, significant institutional variation exists on the delivery of procedural sedation to children with autism spectrum disorders. A better understanding of resources required, standardization of behavioral management strategies and pharmacologic approaches, and protocol development may help optimize care to this vulnerable population.
Efficacy of Cryoablation to Control Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferrer‐Mileo Laura , Luque Blanco Ana Isabel , González‐Barboteo Jesús 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of opioids to control cancer pain could be insufficient. Interventional techniques such as a cryoablation have emerged as alternatives to opioids.ObjectivesTo summarize the current scientific evidence on the use of cryoablation to control cancer pain.MethodsA systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases was performed. All articles published before December 31, 2015, whose title or abstract specified cancer pain control as the endpoint were selected. Articles without abstracts and all nonsystematic reviews were excluded.Results22 articles were included: 1 randomized clinical trial (RCT), 2 non‐RCTs, 1 ambispective study, 9 retrospective studies, 2 nonspecified cohort studies, 3 case series, and 4 case reports. 496 patients with 580 lesions were treated. Lung cancer was the most common primary tumor. 82.8% of the metastases were bone metastases, with or without soft tissue involvement. Cryoablation decreased mean pain scores by 62.5% at 24 hours post‐cryoablation, by 70% at 3 months, and by 80.9% at 6 months. Cryoablation was associated with a 44.2% improvement in quality of life after 4 weeks and a 59.6% improvement at 8 weeks. The need for opioids decreased by 75% at 24 hours and by 61.7% at 3 months. Cryoablation in combination with radiotherapy, vertebroplasty, or bisphosphonates appears to be better than cryoablation alone. Complications were highly variable among the studies, but no fatal complications were reported.ConclusionsCryoablation is effective in controlling cancer pain without relevant side effects. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.