bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a specific training programme on the neuromodulation of pain in female patient with fibromyalgia (DouFiSport): a 24-month, controlled, randomised, double-blind protocol
Authors: Le Fur Bonnabesse Anais , Cabon Mathilde , L’Heveder Gildas , Kermarrec Aurélie , Quinio Bertrand , Woda Alain , Marchand Serge , Dubois Amandine , Giroux-Metges Marie-Agnes , Rannou Fabrice , Misery Laurent , Bodéré Céline 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe main symptom of fibromyalgia (FM) is diffuse pain. There is currently no aetiological treatment for FM. However, all pain associations and best practice guidelines strongly advocate the practice of aerobic physical activity to improve the symptoms of FM subjects. The mechanisms of dysfunctional pain are mostly central and related to stress axis dysfunction (autonomic nervous system and corticotropic axis). Our main objective is to assess the efficacy of a specific training programme on endogenous pain control mechanisms in female patients with FM. Further aims include rebalancing the autonomic neurovegetative system, improving quality of life and sleep quality, and reintegrating patients into society and work.Methods and analysis110 female patients with FM diagnosed on American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria, aged 18–65 years and meeting inclusion conditions will be recruited and randomised into two groups (active and semiactive). The training programme will consist of three 45 min sessions per week of supervised, individualised physical activity over 2 years. Only the intensity of the exercises will differ between the two groups (moderate intensity vs low intensity).All outcome measures will be conducted at baseline (T0), after 6–9 months of training (T6–9) and after 24 months of training (T24). The primary endpoint will be an improvement of pain modulation (activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control) evaluated by the stimulation test. The secondary endpoint will be relief of pain, anxiety, depression, stress, sleep disorders, pain impact on life quality, and improved heart rate, blood pressure and salivary cortisol.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons West VI. The results will be published in specialised scientific journals and will be presented at scientific meetings on pain and/or physical activity.Trial registration numberNCT02486965; Pre-results.
Spatial barriers and the bypassing of nearby dental clinics for dental services: a secondary data analysis in Korea
Authors: Shin Hosung , Cho Han-A 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to calculate the distance patients travel to dental clinics, the rate of bypassing nearby dental clinics and the distance covered when bypassing nearby dental clinics, and explored factors associated with patients’ spatial access to dental clinics.DesignA secondary data analysis.SettingKorea Health Panel.ParticipantsWe included users of dental care services from 2008 to 2011. A total of 2375 patients and 15 978 dental visits were analysed.Primary outcome measuresKorea Health Panel data (2008–2011) were used to geocode patients’ and healthcare facilities’ addresses. The distance travelled was calculated using road network information. To analyse the panel data, we adopted a generalised estimating equation: geographical measures on the choice of dental care facility were examined based on sex, age, educational level, equivalent income, treatment details and regional classification.ResultsThe median distance travelled to a dental clinic was 1.8 km, which is farther for rural (8.4 km) than for urban (1.5 km) patients. The bypass rate was 58.9%. Patients bypassing nearby dental clinics travelled 9.6 times farther for dental care (p<0.001). Unlike bypass distance, travel distance was not associated with equivalent income. People with higher education and those with implants/orthodontic treatment were more likely to bypass nearby dental clinics and travelled 1.27 times and 1.17 times farther (p<0.01), respectively.ConclusionsGiven the spatial barrier to available dental resources, factors associated with spatial access were mostly the same between travel and bypass distance except for equivalent income. The findings of this study suggest that spatial distance acts as a utilisation barrier and demands additional opportunity cost. At the same time, patients’ preferences for services also increase their willingness to bypass nearby dental clinics and travel greater distances.
Impact of a mass media campaign on participation rates in a National Bowel Cancer Screening Program: a field experiment
Authors: Durkin Sarah J , Broun Kate , Spittal Matthew J , Wakefield Melanie A 
Published: January 2019

Objectives and designThis field experiment aimed to compare bowel cancer screening participation rates prior to, during and after a mass media campaign promoting screening, and the extent to which a higher intensity campaign in one state led to higher screening rates compared with another state that received lower intensity campaign exposure.InterventionAn 8-week television-led mass media campaign was launched in selected regions of Australia in mid-2014 to promote Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) that posts out immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) kits to the homes of age-eligible people. The campaign used paid 30-second television advertising in the entire state of Queensland but not at all in Western Australia. Other supportive campaign elements had national exposure, including print, 4-minute television advertorials, digital and online advertising.Outcome measuresMonthly kit return and invite data from NBCSP (January 2012 to December 2014). Return rates were determined as completed kits returned for analysis out of the number of people invited to do the iFOBT test in the current and past 3 months in each state.ResultsAnalyses adjusted for seasonality and the influence of other national campaigns. The number of kits returned for analysis increased in Queensland (adjusted rate ratio 20%, 95% CI 1.06% to 1.35%, p<0.01) during the months of the campaign and up to 2 months after broadcast, but only showed a tendency to increase in Western Australia (adjusted rate ratio 11%, 95% CI 0.99% to 1.24%, p=0.087).ConclusionsThe higher intensity 8-week television-led campaign in Queensland increased the rate of kits returned for analysis in Queensland, whereas there were marginal effects for the low intensity campaign elements in Western Australia. The low levels of participation in Australia’s NBCSP could be increased by national mass media campaigns, especially those led by higher intensity paid television advertising.
Determinants of inter-practice variation in childhood asthma and respiratory infections: cross-sectional study of a national sentinel network
Authors: Hoang Uy , Liyanage Harshana , Coyle Rachel , Godden Charles , Jones Simon , Blair Mitch , Rigby Michael , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesRespiratory infections are associated with acute exacerbations of asthma and accompanying morbidity and mortality. In this study we explore inter-practice variations in respiratory infections in children with asthma and study the effect of practice-level factors on these variations.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe analysed data from 164 general practices in the Royal College of General PractitionersResearch and Surveillance Centresentinel network in England.ParticipantsChildren 5–12 years.InterventionsNone. In this observational study, we used regression analysis to explore the impact of practice-level determinants on the number of respiratory infections in children with asthma.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe describe the distribution of childhood asthma and the determinants of upper/lower respiratory tract infections in these children.Results83.5% (137/164) practices were in urban locations; the mean number of general practitioners per practice was 7; and the mean duration since qualification 19.7 years. We found almost 10-fold difference in the rate of asthma (1.5–11.8 per 100 children) and 50-fold variation in respiratory infection rates between practices. Larger practices with larger lists of asthmatic children had greater rates of respiratory infections among these children.ConclusionWe showed that structural/environmental variables are consistent predictors of a range of respiratory infections among children with asthma. However, contradictory results between measures of practice clinical care show that a purely structural explanation for variability in respiratory infections is limited. Further research is needed to understand how the practice factors influence individual risk behaviours relevant to respiratory infections.
Electronic patient reported outcomes to support care of patients with traumatic brain injury: PRiORiTy study qualitative protocol
Authors: Retzer Ameeta , Turner Grace M , Slade Anita , Kyte Derek , McMullan Christel , Jones Laura , Belli Antonio , Calvert Melanie 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health and socioeconomic problem internationally. The expansive nature of injuries results in a heterogeneous population. The degree and type of long-term impacts following TBI and improvement following injury are highly variable. The use of electronic Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (ePROMs) could help identify residual impacts of TBI and support patient management and care. The Patient Reported Outcomes Research in Trauma study is a qualitative study exploring the long-term symptoms and impacts that are experienced by those with TBI and the potential utility of an ePROM platform to collect real-time information on patient symptoms and quality of life to inform treatment and identify support needs.Methods and analysisSemi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews will be conducted with approximately 30–40 individuals recruited from five groups: (1) people with TBI; (2) carers and relatives of individuals with TBI; (3) TBI healthcare professionals; (4) researchers and (5) third sector staff members and volunteers working with those with TBI. Data will be analysed using directed thematic analysis employing an iterative coding frame that will be modified as analysis progresses. Intercoder triangulation will be employed to enhance credibility.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the West Midlands—Black Country Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 18/WM/0033). Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media (@CPROR_UoB;http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/cpror) and the National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre.
Trends in end digit preference for blood pressure and associations with cardiovascular outcomes in Canadian and UK primary care: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Greiver Michelle , Kalia Sumeet , Voruganti Teja , Aliarzadeh Babak , Moineddin Rahim , Hinton William , Dawes Martin , Sullivan Frank , Syed Saddaf , Williams John , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo study systematic errors in recording blood pressure (BP) as measured by end digit preference (EDP); to determine associations between EDP, uptake of Automated Office BP (AOBP) machines and cardiovascular outcomes.DesignRetrospective observational study using routinely collected electronic medical record data from 2006 to 2015 and a survey on year of AOBP acquisition in Toronto, Canada in 2017.SettingPrimary care practices in Canada and the UK.ParticipantsAdults aged 18 years or more.Main outcome measuresMean rates of EDP and change in rates. Rates of EDP following acquisition of an AOBP machine. Associations between site EDP levels and mean BP. Associations between site EDP levels and frequency of cardiovascular outcomes.Results707 227 patients in Canada and 1 558 471 patients in the UK were included. From 2006 to 2015, the mean rate of BP readings with both systolic and diastolic pressure ending in zero decreased from 26.6% to 15.4% in Canada and from 24.2% to 17.3% in the UK. Systolic BP readings ending in zero decreased from 41.8% to 32.5% in the 3 years following the purchase of an AOBP machine. Sites with high EDP had a mean systolic BP of 2.0 mm Hg in Canada, and 1.7 mm Hg in the UK, lower than sites with no or low EDP. Patients in sites with high levels of EDP had a higher frequency of stroke (standardised morbidity ratio (SMR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.17), myocardial infarction (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.19) and angina (SMR 1.25, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.28) than patients in sites with no or low EDP.ConclusionsAcquisition of an AOBP machine was associated with a decrease in EDP levels. Sites with higher rates of EDP had lower mean BPs and a higher frequency of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The routine use of manual office-based BP measurement should be reconsidered.
Impact of screening on cervical cancer incidence in England: a time trend analysis
Authors: Pesola Francesca , Sasieni Peter 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo better model underlying trends in cervical cancer incidence so as to model past trends, to estimate the impact of cervical screening on cervical cancer rates at different ages and to obtain a counterfactual baseline under a no-screening scenario.DesignTrend analysis of cancer registry data recorded between 1971 and 2013.SettingEngland.Participants132 493 women aged 20–84 with a diagnosis of cervical cancer.Outcome measureCervical cancer incidence data were modelled using a modified age period cohort model able to capture both increased exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) as well as changes in the age of exposure to HPV in young cohorts. Observed rates were compared with counterfactual baseline rates under a no-screening scenario to estimate the protective effect of screening.ResultsRates of cervical cancer incidence have been decreasing since the introduction of screening but are projected to increase in the future under the current scenario. Between 1988 and 2013, it was estimated that screening had prevented approximately 65 000 cancers. Moreover, in 2013, the age-standardised rate (ASR) estimated under the no-screening scenario (37.9, 95% CI 37.4 to 38.3) was threefold higher among women aged 20–84 than the observed ASR (12.8, 95% CI 12.3 to 13.3). We estimate that the age of first HPV exposure has decreased by about 1 year every decade since the early 1970s (women born in 1955 onwards).ConclusionsOur results corroborated the importance of screening in preventing cervical cancer and indicated future rates are dependent on age at HPV exposure. Estimated future rates can be used for healthcare planning while the counterfactual baseline to quantify the impact of HPV vaccination in microsimulations.
Physiotherapy improves symptoms of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in young elite athletes: a case series
Authors: Kolnes Liv-Jorunn , Vollsæter Maria , Røksund Ola Drange , Stensrud Trine 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveA constricted, upper chest breathing pattern and postural dealignments habitually accompany exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), but there are few effective treatments for athletes presenting with EILO. This case series was conducted to examine whether physiotherapy based on principles from the Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapy (NPMP) combined with elements of cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce laryngeal distress in athletes with EILO.MethodsRespiratory distress in four subjects was examined by interview prior to a physiotherapeutic body examination. Inappropriate laryngeal movements during exercise were measured by the continuous laryngoscopy exercise test, lung function was measured by flow-volume curves, and non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness was measured by a methacholine provocation test. History of asthma, allergy and respiratory symptoms was recorded in a modified AQUA2008questionnaire. Parasympathetic activity was assessed by pupillometry. All data were gathered before and after 5 months of intervention.ResultsPhysiotherapy based on the principles from NPMP improved breathing problems in athletes with EILO. All athletes had less respiratory distress, improved lung function at rest and reduced inappropriate laryngeal movements during maximal exercise.ConclusionA diaphragmatic breathing pattern, a more balanced tension in respiratory muscles, and sound cervical alignment and stability may help to reduce adverse stress on the respiratory system and optimise the function of the larynx during high-intensity exercise. Our results suggest that understanding and management of EILO need to extend beyond structures located in the anterior neck and include factors influencing the whole respiratory system.
Prehospital analysis of northern trauma outcome measures: the PHANTOM study
Authors: Smith Christopher A , Hardern Richard D , LeClerc Simon , Howes Richard J 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the mortality and morbidity of traumatically injured patients who received additional prehospital care by a doctor and critical care paramedic enhanced care team (ECT), with those solely treated by a paramedic non-ECT.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) data and case note review of all severe trauma cases (Injury Severity Score ≥9) in North East England from 1 January 2014 to 1 December 2017 who were treated by the North East Ambulance Service, the Great North Air Ambulance Service or both. TARN methods were used to calculate the number of unexpected survivors or deaths in each group (W score (Ws)). The Glasgow Outcome Scores were contrasted to evaluate morbidity.ResultsThe ECT group treated 531 patients: there were 17 unexpected survivors and no unexpected deaths. The non-ECT group treated 1202 patients independently: there were no unexpected survivors and 31 unexpected deaths. The proportion of patients requiring critical care interventions differed between the two groups 49% versus 33% (CI for difference 12% to 20%). In the ECT group, the Ws was 3.22 (95% CI 0.79 to 5.64). In the non-ECT group, the Ws was −2.97 (95% CI −1.22 to −4.71). The difference between the Ws was 6.18 (95% CI 3.19 to 9.17). There was no evidence of worse morbidity in the ECT group.ConclusionThis is the first UK ECT service to demonstrate a risk-adjusted mortality benefit in trauma patients with no detriment in morbidity: our results demonstrate an additional 3.22 survivors per 100 severe trauma casualties when treated by an ECT. The authors encourage other ECT services to conduct similar research.
Perforated appendicitis in the setting of a massive ventral hernia, morbid obesity, and multiple severe comorbidities: challenges in acute management
Authors: Skelhorne-Gross Graham , Gomez David 
Published: January 2019

Case summaryA 57-year-old woman with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 43), systemic lupus on steroids, type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, unprovoked pulmonary embolism on rivaroxaban, and hypertension presented with 3 days of worsening abdominal pain and nausea. She had an extensive surgical history including a cesarean section, multiple laparotomies for small bowel obstructions (one complicated by bowel perforation requiring resection), and a double-barrelled ileostomy, which had been since reversed. As a result, she had a massive incisional hernia (figure 1). On presentation she was afebrile but tachycardic at 110 beats per minute. Physical examination revealed tenderness to deep palpation in the right upper and lower quadrants. CT demonstrated an 11 mm appendix with an appendicolith outside the hernia sac abutting the right kidney, discontinuity of the appendix tip, free fluid, and associated stranding in the subhepatic region (figure 2A). She was admitted to the surgical floor for a trial of conservative management with ancef and flagyl. On day 3, her pain worsened, her white cell count remained stable at 12 x109/L, her temperature was 37.8°C, she was not tachycardic, and a repeat CT showed a 15 mm perforated appendix with increased periappendiceal stranding and an associated small volume of free fluid. There was no phlegmon or organized abscess (figure 2B).Figure 1Patient’s abdomen demonstrating midline laparotomy incisional scar, previous ileostomy scar, and massive ventral hernia.Figure 2Abdominal CT showing increased stranding centered around the appendix, with discontinuity of the wall of the appendix tip and free fluid within the abdomen and pelvis. (A) Admission CT. White arrow: appendix. (B) CT on postadmit day 3 as patient worsened clinically. Black arrow: fecalith.What would you do?Continue non-operative management with broadened intravenous antibiotic coverage and bowel rest.Laparoscopic ± open appendectomy without concomitant hernia repair.Laparoscopic ± open appendectomy with abdominal wall reconstruction.
Recovering the Principle of Relativity from the Cosmic Fabric Model of Space
Authors: Tenev T. G. , Horstemeyer M. F. 
Published: January 2019

We extend the descriptive power of the Cosmic Fabric model of space developed by Tenev and Horstemeyer [Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27 (2018) 1850083] to include moving observers by demonstrating that all reference frames are phenomenologically equivalent with one another and transform between each other via the Lorentz transformations. Our approach is similar to that of Lorentz [Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch 1 (1892) 74], which was used to explain the negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley æther detection experiment [A. A. Michelson and E. W. Morley, Am. J. Sci. s3–34 (1887) 333], except that we deduce the notions of length contraction and time dilation from the postulates of the Cosmic Fabric model. Our result is valid for the continuum length scale at which, by definition, the cosmic fabric can be described mathematically as a continuum. Herein, we also discuss the length scale-dependent nature of the Cosmic Fabric model as a possible way to relate gravitational and quantum theories.
Time Varying Loads and White Noise on an SDOF System with Bouc Hysteresis Using Gaussian Closure
Authors: Waubke Holger , Kasess Christian 
Published: January 2019

In a recent publication [H. Waubke and C. Kasess, Gaussian closure technique applied to the hysteretic Bouc model with nonzero mean white noise excitation, J. Sound Vibr. 382 (2016) 258–273], the response of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system under Gaussian white noise and a constant dead load is presented. The system has a hysteresis described by Bouc [R. Bouc, Forced vibration of mechanical systems with hysteresis, in Proc. Fourth Conference on Nonlinear Oscillation (Prague, 1967), p. 315]. New is the usage of a slowly time-varying deterministic load added to the Gaussian white noise process. The transient solution is calculated using the Gaussian closure technique together with an explicit time step procedure. All moments in the Gaussian closure technique are evaluated analytically. The results of the Gaussian closure technique are in good agreement with the results from the Monte-Carlo method.