bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Czy byliśmy w wojnie z Sowietami?!
Authors: Wysocki Wiesław Jan 
Published: September 2018

At the time of the agreement with the German Third Reich on Soviet aggression on Poland on September 17, 1939, the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland in Moscow was given a diplomatic note declaring that in the face of the “break-up of the Polish state” the USSR “is defending the Belarusian and Ukrainian population” in eastern Poland. This eceptive version was “bought” by the Allies of Poland in the West who pretended that Moscow was not a co-hostile against allied Poland. They explained that they didn’t want to deepen but to overthrow the German-Soviet alliance. The highest authorities of the Republic of Poland were charged that they were not consistent and did not declare a state of war between Poland and the USSR from September 17, 1939. This was a game of slander and the author documented the will of the parties to bring such charges. In the period of the Polish People’s Republic, the myth of the so-justified Soviet intervention in 1939 was promulgated. Also, today, this issue for many politicians, historians and journalists remains not entirely clear. This text is an analysis of the formation of the basis of this myth, showing its political ground for various propaganda and proclamation of Western states, and ambiguous attitudes of Polish politicians, especially focused on the very naive and politically dependent General Sikorski, the chief of war and prime minister, with greater responsibility – than the ruling party of the Second Polish Republic – for establishing false opinions about Polish-Soviet relations in September 1939.
Come doveva comportarsi una donna e quali erano i suoi doveri? Indicazioni suggerite al pubblico femminile in alcune prediche di Gilberto di Tournai
Authors: Głusiuk Anna 
Published: September 2018

The article presents the opinions of the 13th century preacher Gilbert of Tournai about the duties of girls, wives and widows. Gilbert seeing the great lack of women’s education addressed his sermons to them and indicated which behaviors were correct and which they should change or avoid. His sermons show how the women was seen, which was her position and role in the 13th century French society.
PRÓBY PRZEDZIERANIA SIĘ DROGĄ MORSKĄ PRZEZ NIEMIECKĄ BLOKADĘ POLSKIEGO WYBRZEŻA 1 IX 2 X 1939 ROKU
Authors: Sykut Piotr 
Published: September 2018

The article presents the attempts of Polish coast defenders’ to get through to neutral countries by sea during military operations in September and October 1939. These efforts were made in spite of the German blockade of Polish coast by Kriegsmarine ships and Luftwaffe planes. This subject hasn’t been widely featured yet using the reports of coast defenders kept in Polish and foreign archives. The goal of this article is the systematization of knowledge about these facts, presentation of characters of sailors, soldiers and civilians, who didn’t want to go into captivity. Some of them were going to continue their struggle in Polish Armed Forces in the West.
Assessment of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Using Ultra- Deep Pyrosequencing in a Turkish Cohort
Authors: Sili Uluhan , Aksu Burak , Tekin Aysun , Hasdemir Ufuk , Soyletir Guner , Korten Volkan 
Published: September 2018

Background:Antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the emergence of drug-resistant strains poses an important obstacle to treatment success. Using conventional sequencing methods to determine antiretroviral resistance, mutations present in ≥20% of quasispecies can be identified, but drug-resistant minority variants can lead to virologic failure.Objective:We aimed to assess transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) within minority variants using ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS).Method:Treatment-naive adult patients were included in this observational study. Surveillance TDRMs were classified as ≥20% or at minority variant level (≥2% – <20%). Genotypic sensitivity score calculated by using all pre-treatment drug resistance mutations (PDRMs) was also evaluated.Results:Thirty-six patients were analyzed. Any TDRM at ≥20% level was detected in 8.3% of the patients (n=3). This prevalence increased to 30.6% (n=11) with the inclusion of minority variants. All non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor-related TDRMs were within minority variants. The genotypic sensitivity score of rilpivirine-based regimens was considerably diminished when minority variants were included in the PDRM analysis.Conclusion:UDPS was used for the first time to assess TDRM in a Turkish HIV cohort and uncovered several mutations hidden within minority variants. UDPS may be preferred to detect PDRMs for avoiding virologic failure with rilpivirine-based ART regimens.
A Concise History of Thiopurines for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Anecdotal Reporting to Treat-to-Target Algorithms
Authors: Actis Giovanni Clemente , Pellicano Rinaldo , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe 
Published: September 2018

Background:The need for immune suppressive strategies in the control of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases originated in the 1960s following the perception of a relative inefficacy of salazopyrin and its derivatives. In some 50 years upon an anecdotal claim, the indication for thiopurines in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases has come of age.Objective:The aim of this minireview is to give an overview, after the historical premises, of the current use of thiopurines in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases.Method:Through MEDLINE searches, we reviewed the literature of the last two decades.Results:For Crohn’s disease, the 1980 trial of 6-mercaptopurine for steroid sparing and fistula closure proved pivotal. The analysis of withdrawal experiments and of numerous open trials has established the efficacy of thiopurines for ulcerative colitis. In this indication, cutting-edge data are now showing that because targeting dysplasia, thiopurines can induce mucosal/histological healing, thus abolishing or delaying the need for pre-emptive (tumor prophylactic) colectomy.Conclusion:In UC thiopurines may be recognized to effect a treat-to-target strategy, joining the modern algorithms of rheumatologic disorders.
Immunotherapy in Patients with Recurrent and Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Łasińska Izabela , Kolenda Tomasz , Teresiak Anna , Lamperska Katarzyna M. , Galus Łukasz , Mackiewicz Jacek 
Published: September 2018

Background:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant cancer occurring in the head and neck area, approximately 90% of the cases. Even in the cases of primary radical treatment (surgical, concomitant chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone), subsequent local recurrence or distant metastases are often observed. In patients with recurrent disease who are unable to receive radical treatment, the results of palliative chemotherapy are not satisfactory. In this review, we summarized the standard treatment options, current development of new drugs and future perspectives in the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced and/or metastatic HNSCC.Methods:PubMed databases with words ‘head and neck cancer treatment’, ‘immunotherapy in head and neck cancer treatment’ were searched and yielded 186512 and 2249 papers respectively. We selected the most cited articles and reports presenting new immunotherapy agents and drug combinations in HNSCC.Results:Recently, two new agents been approved in the treatment of recurrent locally advanced and/or metastatic HNSCC. These are immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) which are the most active drugs in the second line treatment of advanced HNSCC. Still, the first line ‘golden standard’ is the chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracyl) combined with cetuximab. Many phase 3 studies are currently ongoing, evaluating the efficacy of combinational treatment-anti-CTLA4 with anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1. Very encouraging results have been shown in early phase studies evaluating the combination of immunecheckpoint inhibitors with tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive inhibitors.Conclusion:Despite the huge progress in the systemic treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced and/or metastatic HNSCC, the disease at this stage remains incurable. Undoubtedly, further research in the field of biomarkers for effective immunotherapy is needed in order to select a group of patients whose will benefit from this therapy, as the treatment is still ineffective in most patients.
Duane Michals y René Magritte: relaciones entre surrealismo y fotografía
Authors: Ocampo-Ramírez Gloria I. 
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo pretende dilucidar las influencias literarias y pictóricas de corte particularmente surrealista que se evidencian en la obra del fotógrafo norteamericano Duane Michals, quien gracias al encuentro con la obra del pintor belga René Magritte puede desarrollar una estética y lenguaje propios, así como transformar la mirada del fotógrafo, cambiar sus concepciones sobre la imagen y gestar una ruptura en el quehacer fotográfico de su tiempo, a partir de la importancia de la imaginación en la creación fotográfica. Se presentan un breve contexto de la vida y obra de ambos artistas, algunos puntos de correspondencia que hacen posible el encuentro entre ambos, y se evidencia mediante el análisis de algunas obras de Michals, cómo el encuentro con Magritte es decisivo para la transformación de su quehacer fotográfico en el desarrollo de un extenso lenguaje narrativo y poético, donde la creación fotográfica actúa como vehículo de la creatividad y la imaginación.
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Improve HDL Function by Inhibiting Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Oxidation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mathew Anna V. , Li Lei , Byun Jaeman , Guo Yanhong , Michailidis George , Jaiswal Mamta , Chen Y. Eugene , Pop-Busui Rodica , Pennathur Subramaniam 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE
Phagocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proinflammatory HDL are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLCs), such as a Mediterranean diet and exercise, decrease this risk. However, the link among TLCs, HDL, and MPO-mediated oxidative stress remains unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this study, we characterized changes in cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a metric of HDL function; MPO-mediated oxidation; and the HDL proteomic profile in 25 patients with MetS who underwent 12 weeks of TLCs.

RESULTS
After 12 weeks, before significant changes to HDL levels, most MetS components improved as a result of the TLCs. CEC was significantly increased, and HDL MPO oxidation products, 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine, were decreased with TLCs. The changes in CEC were inversely related to the unit changes in 3-chlorotyrosine after we controlled for changes in the other MetS components. TLCs did not remodel the HDL proteome.

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, TLCs improved HDL function by inhibiting MPO-mediated oxidative stress even before appreciable changes in HDL levels.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Keolahragaan (Survei Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Keolahragaan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Tahun 2012)
Authors: Parulian Toktong 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan proses manajemen sumber daya manusia keolahragaan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, (2) Mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan potensi sumber daya manusia keolahragaan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan mengambil tempat di kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive (snowball), dan berkembang selama proses penelitian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelaku sumber daya manusia keolahragaan yang ada di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan dengan jumlah sampel 177 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, kuesioner dan pengumpulan dokumen. Data-data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan serta verifikasi. Temuan penelitian di lapangan meliputi : (1) Proses manajemen sumber daya manusia keolahragaan yang dilakukan oleh Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan telah memenuhi ketentuan-ketentuan berjalannya sebuah organisasi, yaitu berupa proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan dan pengawasan. (2) Potensi SDM keolahragaan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan secara umum belum berkembang dan belum maksimal. Hal itu terlihat dari hasil data yang diperoleh dari beberapa indikator, yaitu jumlah SDM keolahragaan, kualifikasi, profesi, keterlibatan dalam olahraga, prestasi dan kesejahteraan.
Profil Kebugaran Jasmani Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Semeter I FKIP UIR Tahun 2015/2016
Authors: Muspita Muspita , Kamarudin Kamarudin , Fernando Ricky 
Published: September 2018

Kondisi kebugaran jasmani mahasiswa dapat dikembangkan secara maksimal sehingga dapat mencapai prestasi akademis yang maksimal. Tetapi pada kenyataannya, banyak para mahasiswa yang mengabaikan gaya hidup sehat seperti masih banyak begadang, merokok dan aktivitas negatif lainnya. Hal ini biasanya mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas kebugaran jasmani para mahasiswa, sehingga sulit dalam mencapai prestasi akademis yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai tingkat kebugaran jasmani mahasiswa mahasiswa penjaskesrek semester I FKIP UIR. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Subyek penelitian Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Semester I FKIP UIR sebanyak 55 orang. Instrument penelitian berupa lembar observasi tes kebugaran jasmani. Pada penelitian ini diteliti lima komponen kebugaran jasmani antara lain lari cepat 60 meter, angkat tubu, baring duduk, loncat tegak, lari jarak menengah 1200 meter. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil tes dan pengukuran kondisi fisik atlet sepakbola yang meliputi, tes sit up, tes vertical jump, tes bleep test, tes lari cepat 20 meter, tes sit and reach dan tes shuttle run. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara keseluruhan kondisi kebugaran jasmani mahasiswa penjaskesrek semester I FKIP UIR tergolong pada kategori kurang.
Penentuan Fungsi Linear yang Ideal Pada Model Ekonomi Fungsi Penawaran
Authors: Marentek Tonaas Kabul Wangkok Yohanis , Febryiantoro Mohamad Trio 
Published: September 2018

Fenomena ekonomi yang kompleks karena hubungan antar variabel-variabel ekonomi dalam dunia nyata sangatlah kompleks. Fenomena tersebut menjadi sebuah model ekonomi dengan melakukan penyederhanaan. Fungsi penawaran merupakan salah satu fenomena ekonomi yang disederhanakan menjadi sebuah model ekonomi matematis yaitu dengan memilih dua variabel ekonomi yang penting saja yaitu variabel harga dan variabel jumlah barang suatu produk yang ditawarkan. Pembentukan fungsi penawaran dari kumpulan data penawaran yang diberikan yang menggunakan tiga metode matematis yaitu metode dwi-koordinat, metode koordinat-lereng dan metode kuadrat terkecil dalam analisis regresi linear sederhana diperoleh sebelas jenis fungsi penawaran yang berbentuk suatu persamaan linear. Fungsi yang terbentuk tersebut adalah bentuk persamaan linear yang sesuai dengan kaidah serta teori ekonomi fungsi penawaran. Kemudian dengan melakukan analisis kesetimbangan pasar diperoleh tujuh fungsi penawaran yang ideal dari sebelas fungsi yang terbentuk. Keidealan fungsi penawaran tersebut ditentukan dengan diberikan sebuah fungsi permintaan yang diasumsikan ideal. Selain itu, validasi model pada penelitian ini dengan menentukan keidealan suatu fungsi penawaran yang berdasarkan analisis keetimbangan pasar.
Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Tanaman Koro Pedang (Canavalia ensiformis) pada Kondisi Ternaungi dan Kombinasi Pemupukan Berbeda
Authors: Saragih Mutthiah Putri , Suharsi Tatiek Kartika , Qadir Abdul 
Published: September 2018

Kebutuhan masyarakat yang tinggi terhadap kedelai, sedangkan produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia yang rendah, mengharuskan Indonesia mengimpor kedelai dalam jumlah besar. Beberapa komoditi yang berpotensi menjadi pendamping kedelai, diantaranya koro pedang. Kandungan protein yang tinggi dan kemampuan tumbuh pada kondisi ternaungi menjadi segi positif dari koro pedang. Penelitian tentang tingkat naungan yang dapat ditolerir tanaman koro pedang didukung kombinasi pempukan yang baik, perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik pertumbuhan dan pembungaan tanaman koro pedang pada kondisi ternaungai dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai pemupukan terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Purwasari, Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Mei hingga November 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Naungan sebagai petak utama yang terdiri dari tanpa naungan, naungan 10% dan naungan 20%. Kombinasi pemupukan sebagai anak petak terdiri dari urea 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>+SP-36 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>+KCl 75 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, pupuk organik dan urea 25 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>+SP-36 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> +KCl 37,5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>+ pupuk organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naungan 10% menghasilkan tanaman dengan tinggi tanaman 18,35 cm dan 94,80 cm, jumlah daun <em>trifoliate </em>11,75 helai, jumlah cabang 2,47 cabang, jumlah infloresen per tanaman 21,54 infloresen dan jumlah kuncup bunga per infloresen 1 kuncup bunga. Pemupukan terbaik untuk tanaman koro pedang adalah 25 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> urea + 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> SP-36 + 37,5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> KCl + pupuk organik.
Manajemen Pengendalian Gulma Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Aneka Persada, Riau
Authors: Saputra Yudha , Lontoh Adolf Pieter 
Published: September 2018

Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Aneka Persada, Riau mulai 6 Februari 2017 sampai 6 Juni 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan profesional, teknis, manajerial, dan analisis kegiatan di lapangan dengan melaksanakan kegiatan sesuai tahapan yang ada di lokasi penelitian. Pengamatan data primer yang dilakukan yaitu dominansi jenis gulma, metode pengendalian gulma, kondisi gulma dominan setelah semprot, metode pengendalian gulma yang digunakan, alat pelindung diri (APD), kondisi alat penyemprot<strong>, </strong>dan<strong> </strong>tenaga kerja<strong>. </strong>Hasil pengamatan pada 6 blok yang diamati menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi gulma yang dominan yaitu <em>A. intrusa</em>, <em>D. ciliaris</em>, <em>B. alata</em>, <em>M.bracteata</em>, dan <em>C. lapacea</em>. <em>Asystasia intrusa</em> mati setelah 3 MSA dengan herbisida berbahan aktif Isopropilamina glifosat 480 g l<sup>-1</sup> + Metil metsulfuron 20 % dosis masing-masing 115 ml ha<sup>-1</sup> + 4,5 g ha<sup>-1</sup>. Hasil uji yang dilakukan bahwa parameter flowrate, kecepatan jalan, dan prestasi kerja terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata, yang berarti bahwa penggunaan MHS lebih efektif dan efisien daripada penggunaan knapsack sprayer karena luasan semprot yang dapat dicakup menjadi lebih luas
ANALYSIS INTENTION OF FARMER CARD UTILIIZATION USING THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors: Sholihah Mutiara Mar atu , Djamaludin Moh Djemdjem 
Published: September 2018

<p class="normal">One of the Indonesia government’s policies in an effort to increase production and productivity of agricultural commodities is providing subsidized fertilizer for farmers. Currently, the government implements the farmer card program as an effort to facilitate farmers in purchasing subsidized fertilizers. This program will be implemented simultaneously in 2020, but in 2018 there are some areas that already implemented the farmer card system as a trial area. This study aims to analyze the farmer intention in term of using a farmers card in Rancaekek. The analysis used is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), statistical analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The research design used cross-sectional study. The sampling method used probability sampling - simple random sampling. 100 farmers were interviewed in sub-district Rancaekek from 1492 farmers.</p><p class="normal">Based on the statistical analysis using SEM showed that attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are significant and have positive effects on the intention of using farmers card. So that, the higher farmers attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, the higher the farmer intention of using farmer card. All of the variable Theory of Planned Behavior is a determinant factor in influencing the intention of using the farmer card. Attitude toward behavior has the largest influence on farmers intention of using farmer card and subjective norm has the smallest influence in farmers intention of using farmer card.</p>
Impact of antibiotics for children presenting to general practice with cough on adverse outcomes: secondary analysis from a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Redmond Niamh M , Turnbull Sophie , Stuart Beth , Thornton Hannah V , Christensen Hannah , Blair Peter S , Delaney Brendan C , Thompson Matthew , Peters Tim J , Hay Alastair D , Little Paul 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundClinicians commonly prescribe antibiotics to prevent major adverse outcomes in children presenting in primary care with cough and respiratory symptoms, despite limited meaningful evidence of impact on these outcomes.AimTo estimate the effect of children’s antibiotic prescribing on adverse outcomes within 30 days of initial consultation.Design and settingSecondary analysis of 8320 children in a multicentre prospective cohort study, aged 3 months to <16 years, presenting in primary care across England with acute cough and other respiratory symptoms.MethodBaseline clinical characteristics and antibiotic prescribing data were collected, and generalised linear models were used to estimate the effect of antibiotic prescribing on adverse outcomes within 30 days (subsequent hospitalisations and reconsultation for deterioration), controlling for clustering and clinicians’ propensity to prescribe antibiotics.ResultsSixty-five (0.8%) children were hospitalised and 350 (4%) reconsulted for deterioration. Clinicians prescribed immediate and delayed antibiotics to 2313 (28%) and 771 (9%), respectively. Compared with no antibiotics, there was no clear evidence that antibiotics reduced hospitalisations (immediate antibiotic risk ratio [RR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47 to 1.45; delayed RR 0.70, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.90, overall P = 0.44). There was evidence that delayed (rather than immediate) antibiotics reduced reconsultations for deterioration (immediate RR 0.82, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.07; delayed RR 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.88, overall P = 0.024).ConclusionMost children presenting with acute cough and respiratory symptoms in primary care are not at risk of hospitalisation, and antibiotics may not reduce the risk. If an antibiotic is considered, a delayed antibiotic prescription may be preferable as it is likely to reduce reconsultation for deterioration.