bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water masses and their seasonal variation on the Lincoln Shelf, South Australia
Authors: Richardson L. E. , Middleton J. F. , James N. P. , Kyser T. K. , Opdyke B. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFive water masses are defined for the Lincoln Shelf, South Australia using hydrographic and stable isotope data. Three water masses are present on the shelf and slope year‐round. Slope Water with low temperature, salinity, and isotope values occurs perennially on the slope at depths greater than 180 m, and episodically upwells onto the shelf during summer. During strong upwelling events this water can be upwelled from 300 m to 100 m water depth on the shelf south of Kangaroo Island. This water then flows west toward Eyre Peninsula and into the mouth of Spencer Gulf. The most common shelf water is Subtropical Surface Water, a mixed water mass that is transported year‐round by the eastward flowing South Australian Current. This current is heavily influenced by waters from the Great Australian Bight and local modifications, with temperature and salinity of 16–17°C and 35.8, respectively. Local summer heating and evaporation of Subtropical Surface Water on the shelf and within Spencer Gulf forms Evaporated Water, a water mass with high temperature, salinity and isotope values. The use of stable isotopes in water mass analysis permits the identification of two new water masses that form on the shelf during summer. Mixed Slope Water forms when Slope Water mixes with Subtropical Surface Water during upwelling events, and Cooled Evaporated Water is generated when surface Evaporated Water mixes vertically with cool, fresh bottom waters. Such dynamics lead to mixing of nutrient‐rich mesotrophic upwelled waters with oligotrophic surface waters, which supports greater levels of primary productivity on the shelf.
Recovery of Holothuroidea population density, community composition, and respiration activity after a deep‐sea disturbance experiment
Authors: Stratmann Tanja , Voorsmit Ilja , Gebruk Andrey , Brown Alastair , Purser Autun , Marcon Yann , Sweetman Andrew K. , Jones Daniel O. B. , van Oevelen Dick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMining polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains will have adverse impacts on deep‐sea ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether the impacted ecosystem will recover, and if so at what rate. In 1989 the “DISturbance and reCOLonization” (DISCOL) experiment was conducted in the Peru Basin where the seafloor was disturbed with a plough harrow construction to explore the effect of small‐scale sediment disturbance from deep‐sea mining. Densities of Holothuroidea in the region were last investigated 7 yr post‐disturbance, before 19 yr later, the DISCOL site was re‐visited in 2015. An “ocean floor observatory system” was used to photograph the seabed across ploughed and unploughed seafloor and at reference sites. The images were analyzed to determine the Holothuroidea population density and community composition, which were combined with in situ respiration measurements of individual Holothuroidea to generate a respiration budget of the study area. For the first time since the experimental disturbance, similar Holothuroidea densities were observed at the DISCOL site and at reference sites. The Holothuroidea assemblage was dominated by Amperima sp., Mesothuria sp., and Benthodytes typica, together contributing 46% to the Holothuroidea population density. Biomass and respiration were similar among sites, with a Holothuroidea community respiration of 5.84
10−4 ± 8.74
10−5 mmol C m−2 d−1 at reference sites. Although these results indicate recovery of Holothuroidea, extrapolations regarding recovery from deep‐sea mining activities must be made with caution: results presented here are based on a relatively small‐scale disturbance experiment as compared to industrial‐scale nodule mining, and also only represent one taxonomic class of the megafauna.
The application of variable‐frequency directional seismic wave technology under complex geological conditions
Authors: Yue Yonggao , Jiang Tao , Zhou Qi 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTMonofrequency directional seismic wave technology can be used to manipulate the phases of seismic waves, thereby focusing seismic signals into beams and strengthening the energy in the main beam direction. However, it is unknown whether a variable‐frequency signal can form a directional seismic wave, and the applicable conditions for utilizing this technology have not yet been reported. In this paper, we analysed the variable‐frequency directional seismic wave theory and methodology through ray tracing and the seismic wave equation. Based on the variable‐frequency directional seismic wave principle, the effects of directional parameters on the main beam direction and half‐power beamwidth were discussed in detail. In addition, the effectiveness of the variable‐frequency directional seismic wave method in several complicated velocity models was discussed. Numerical tests with the variable‐frequency directional seismic wave technique indicated that the energy intensity in the main beam direction increased by two to six times and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the targets signal increased by 0.60–0.84 dB. Additionally, we used variable‐frequency directional seismic wave technology to analyse a shallow geological structure with a 9‐vibrator array in an area of Jilin Province. The field experiment results revealed that the near‐surface exploration depth increased from 60 to 240 m. Therefore, under complex geological conditions, the variable‐frequency directional seismic wave technology can improve the target signal at little cost.
Validation of body mass index (BMI)‐related ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM administrative diagnosis codes recorded in US claims data
Authors: Ammann Eric M. , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Yoo Andrew , Johnston Stephen S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of body mass index (BMI)‐related ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes in claims data.MethodsDe‐identified electronic health record (EHR) and claims data were obtained from the Optum Integrated Claims‐Clinical Database for cross‐sections of commercial and Medicare Advantage health plan members age ≥ 20 years in 2013, 2014, and 2016. In each calendar year, health plan members' BMI as coded in the insurance claims data (error‐prone measure) was compared with their BMI as recorded in the EHR (gold standard) to estimate the sensitivity and PPV of BMI‐related ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes. The unit of analysis was the person‐year.ResultsThe study sample included 746 763 distinct health plan members who contributed 1 116 283 eligible person‐years (median age 56 years; 57% female; 65% commercially insured and 35% with Medicare Advantage). BMI‐related diagnoses were coded for 14.6%. The sensitivity of BMI‐related diagnoses codes for the detection of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 10.1%, 3.7%, 6.0%, and 25.2%, and the PPV was 49.0% for underweight, 89.6% for normal weight, 73.4% for overweight, and 92.4% for obesity, respectively. The sensitivity of BMI‐related diagnosis codes was higher in the ICD‐10‐CM era relative to the ICD‐9‐CM era.ConclusionsThe PPV of BMI‐related diagnosis codes for normal weight, overweight, and obesity was high (>70%) but the sensitivity was low (<30%). BMI‐related diagnoses were more likely to be coded in patients with class II or III obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), and in 2016 relative to 2013 or 2014.
Psychological assessment with Chinese Americans: Concerns and recommendations
Authors: Zhou Zhiqing , Cavazos Melina , Sohn‐McCormick Anita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAsian Americans are the fastest growing population in the United States, with Chinese Americans accounting for the largest percentage. In response to this growth, mental health examiners should be culturally competent of the Asian culture, including Chinese culture, as to ensure ethically appropriate and accurate assessment of these individuals. In the current paper, we discussed several critical components of Chinese American clients' social experience, including their language and education attainment, and their stress related to discrimination, racism, and acculturation. We also provided descriptions of specific cultural concerns that should be taken into consideration when assessing Chinese American clients, such as the stigma associated with seeking mental health services, parenting styles and parental involvement in education. In addition, we attempted to bring several practical issues to practitioners' attention; for example, the importance of assessing language proficiency and level of acculturation, the limited availability to appropriately normed psychoeducational assessments, and the different communication style of Chinese American clients. To address these issues, various recommendations were provided, though additional research is needed to create better opportunities and ethical practice for the assessment of Chinese American clients.
Sculpting Extreme Electromagnetic Field Enhancement in Free Space for Molecule Sensing
Authors: Liu Fanxin , Song Boxiang , Su Guangxu , Liang Owen , Zhan Peng , Wang Han , Wu Wei , Xie Yahong , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA strongly confined and enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field due to gap‐plasmon resonance offers a promising pathway for ultrasensitive molecular detections. However, the maximum enhanced portion of the EM field is commonly concentrated within the dielectric gap medium that is inaccessible to external substances, making it extremely challenging for achieving single‐molecular level detection sensitivity. Here, a new family of plasmonic nanostructure created through a unique process using nanoimprint lithography is introduced, which enables the precise tailoring of the gap plasmons to realize the enhanced field spilling to free space. The nanostructure features arrays of physically contacted nanofinger‐pairs with a 2 nm tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta‐C) film as an ultrasmall dielectric gap. The high tunneling barrier offered by ta‐C film due to its low electron affinity makes an ultranarrow gap and high enhancement factor possible at the same time. Additionally, its high electric permittivity leads to field redistribution and an abrupt increase across the ta‐C/air boundary and thus extensive spill‐out of the coupled EM field from the gap region with field enhancement in free space of over 103. The multitude of benefits deriving from the unique nanostructure hence allows extremely high detection sensitivity at the single‐molecular level to be realized as demonstrated through bianalyte surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurement.
Electron Tomography Reveals the Droplet Covered Surface Structure of Nanowires Grown by Aerotaxy
Authors: Persson Axel R. , Metaferia Wondwosen , Sivakumar Sudhakar , Samuelson Lars , Magnusson Martin H. , Wallenberg Reine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the purpose of functionalizing III‐V semiconductor nanowires using n‐doping, Sn‐doped GaAs zincblende nanowires are produced, using the growth method of Aerotaxy. The growth conditions used are such that Ga droplets, formed on the nanowire surface, increase in number and concentrations when the Sn‐precursor concentration is increased. Droplet‐covered wires grown with varying Sn concentrations are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography, which together establish the positioning of the droplets to be preferentially on {−111}B facets. These facets have the same polarity as the main wire growth direction, [−1−1−1]B. This means that the generated Ga particles can form nucleation sites for possible nanowire branch growth. The concept of azimuthal mapping is introduced as a useful tool for nanowire surface visualization and evaluation. It is demonstrated here that electron tomography is useful in revealing both the surface and internal morphologies of the nanowires, opening up for applications in the analysis of more structurally complicated systems like radially asymmetrical nanowires. The analysis also gives a further understanding of the limits of the dopants which can be used for Aerotaxy nanowires.
Do code data sharing dependencies support an early prediction of software actual change impact set?
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Huang LiGuo , Egyed Alexander , Ge Jidong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExisting studies have shown that structural dependencies within code are good predictors for code actual change impact set—a set of entities that repeatedly changing together to ensure a consistent and complete change. However, the result is far from ideal, particularly when insufficient historical data are available at an early stage of software development. This paper demonstrates that a better understanding of data dependencies in addition to call dependencies greatly improves actual change impact set prediction. We propose a new approach and tool (namely, CHIP) to predict software actual change impact sets leveraging both call and data sharing dependencies. For this purpose, CHIP employs novel extensions (dependency frequency filtering and shared data type idf filtering) to reduce false positives. CHIP assumes that developers know initial places where to start making changes in the source code even though they may not know all changes. This approach has been empirically evaluated on 4 large‐scale open source systems. Our evaluation demonstrates that data sharing dependencies have a complementary impact on software actual change impact set prediction as compared with predictions based on call dependencies only. CHIP improves the F2‐score compared with the predictors using both Program Dependence Graph and evolutionary couplings.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells of Blind Mole Rat Spalax Exhibit Reduced Homing Ability: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role in Cancer Suppression
Authors: Mamchur Anatolii , Leman Eva , Salah Safaa , Avivi Aaron , Shams Imad , Manov Irena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are recruited by cancer cells from the adjacent tissue, and they become an integral part of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report that ADSCs from the long-living, tumor-resistant blind mole rat, Spalax, have a low ability to migrate toward cancer cells compared with cells from its Rattus counterpart. Tracking 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-labeled ADSCs, introduced to tumor-bearing nude mice, toward the xenografts, we found that rat ADSCs intensively migrated and penetrated the tumors, whereas only a few Spalax ADSCs reached the tumors. Moreover, rat ADSCs, but not Spalax ADSCs, acquired endothelial-like phenotype and incorporated in the intratumoral reticular structure resembling a vasculature. Likewise, endothelial-like cells differentiated from Spalax and rat ADSCs could form capillary-like structures; however, the tube densities were higher in rat-derived cells. Using time-lapse microscopy, in vitro wound-healing, and transwell migration assays, we demonstrated the impaired motility and low polarization ability of Spalax ADSCs. To assess whether the phosphorylated status of myosin light chain (MLC) is involved in the decreased motility of Spalax ADSCs, we inhibited MLC phosphorylation by blocking of Rho-kinase (ROCK). Inhibition of ROCK resulted in the suppression of MLC phosphorylation, acquisition of actin polarization, and activation of motility and migration of Spalax ADSCs. We propose that reduced ADSCs migration to cancer and poor intratumoral angiogenesis play a role in Spalax’s cancer resistance. Learning more about the molecular strategy of noncancerous cells in Spalax to resist oncogenic stimuli and maintain a nonpermissive tumor milieu may lead us to developing new cancer-preventive strategy in humans.
Myeloid Disease Mutations of Splicing Factor SRSF2 Cause G2-M Arrest and Skewed Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Bapat Aditi , Keita Nakia , Martelly William , Kang Paul , Seet Christopher , Jacobsen Jeffery R. , Stoilov Peter , Hu Chengcheng , Crooks Gay M. , Sharma Shalini 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMyeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia, are characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Reports on analysis of bone marrow samples from patients have revealed a high incidence of mutations in splicing factors in early stem and progenitor cell clones, but the mechanisms underlying transformation of HSPCs harboring these mutations remain unknown. Using ex vivo cultures of primary human CD34+ cells as a model, we find that mutations in splicing factors SRSF2 and U2AF1 exert distinct effects on proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs. SRSF2 mutations cause a dramatic inhibition of proliferation via a G2-M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis. U2AF1 mutations, conversely, do not significantly affect proliferation. Mutations in both SRSF2 and U2AF1 cause abnormal differentiation by skewing granulo-monocytic differentiation toward monocytes but elicit diverse effects on megakaryo-erythroid differentiation. The SRSF2 mutations skew differentiation toward megakaryocytes whereas U2AF1 mutations cause an increase in the erythroid cell populations. These distinct functional consequences indicate that SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations have cell context-specific effects and that the generation of myeloid disease phenotype by mutations in the genes coding these two proteins likely involves different intracellular mechanisms.
One‐Step Construction of the Shape Persistent, Chiral But Symmetrical Polyimine Macrocycles
Authors: Kwit Marcin , Grajewski Jakub , Skowronek Paweł , Zgorzelak Mikołaj , Gawroński Jacek 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA unique combination of structural flexibility, shape persistency and functionality, makes macrocycles and molecular cages as essential molecular entities that have displayed applications that go beyond chemistry. Among macrocycles, the selectively obtained symmetrical (poly)cyclic polyimines have shown great utility in the design of molecules varied in shape and properties. The reversible and thermodynamically controlled cycloimination reaction is governed by configurational and conformational constraints imposed on the intermediate products, ensures a sufficiently high level of preorganization. The high geometrical control over the macrocycle structure has profound effect on their assembly mode. In this Account, we were interested in showing how the structure of small building blocks affects the structure of macrocyclic product and further, how influenced the association mode of the given macromolecule. The latter is of primarily importance in supramolecular and in material chemistry.
Management of Appendicitis Globally Based on Income of Countries (MAGIC) Study
Authors: Gomes Carlos Augusto , Abu‐Zidan Fikri M. , Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Kluger Yoram , Di Saverio Salomone , Catena Fausto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur aim is to compare the management approaches and clinical outcomes of acute appendicitis according to annual Gross National Income per Capita (GNI/Capita) of countries.MethodsConsecutive patients who were diagnosed to have acute appendicitis from 116 centers of 44 countries were prospectively studied over a 6‐month period (April–September 2016). Studied variables included demography, Alvarado score, comorbidities, radiological and surgical management, histopathology, and clinical outcome. Data were divided into three groups depending on the GNI/Capita.ResultsA total of 4271 patients having a mean (SD) age of 33.4 (17.3) years were studied. Fifty‐five percent were males. Two hundred and eighty patients were from lower–middle‐income (LMI) countries, 1756 were from upper–middle‐income (UMI) countries, and 2235 were from high‐income (HI) countries. Patients in LMI countries were significantly younger (p < 0.0001) and included more males (p < 0.0001). CT scan was done in less than 8% of cases in LMI countries, 23% in UMI countries, and 38% in HI countries. Laparoscopy was performed in 73% of the cases in the HI countries, while open appendectomy was done in more than 60% of cases in both LMI and UMI countries (p < 0.0001). The longest mean hospital stay was in the UMI group (4.84 days). There was no significant difference in the complication or death rates between the three groups. The overall death rate was 3 per 1000 patients.ConclusionsThere is great variation in the presentation, severity of disease, radiological workup, and surgical management of patients having acute appendicitis that is related to country income. A global effort is needed to address this variation. Individual socioeconomic status could be more important than global country socioeconomic status in predicting clinical outcome.
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) mechanisms and its effects on cortical excitability and connectivity
Authors: Reed Thomas , Cohen Kadosh Roi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this review, we describe transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques currently being used in neuroscientific research, including transcranial direct current (tDCS), alternating current (tACS) and random noise (tRNS) stimulation techniques. We explain how these techniques are used and summarise the proposed mechanisms of action for each technique. We continue by describing how each method has been used to alter endogenous neuronal oscillations and connectivity between brain regions, and we conclude by highlighting the varying effects of stimulation and discussing the future direction of these stimulation techniques in research.
Gadobutrol: A Review in Contrast-Enhanced MRI and MRA
Authors: Scott Lesley J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntravenous gadobutrol [Gadovist™ (EU); Gadavist® (USA)] is a second-generation, extracellular non-ionic macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) that is approved for use in paediatric (including term neonates) and adult patients undergoing diagnostic contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI for visualization of pathological lesions in all body regions or for CE MRA to evaluate perfusion and flow-related abnormalities. Its unique physicochemical profile, including its high thermostability and proton relaxation times, means that gadobutrol is formulated at twice the gadolinium ion concentration of other GBCAs, resulting in a narrower bolus and consequently, improved dynamic image enhancement. Based on >  20 years of experience in the clinical trial and real-world settings (>  50 million doses) and its low risk for developing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), gadobutrol represents an effective and safe diagnostic GBCA for use in CE MRI and MRA to visualize pathological lesions and vascular perfusion and flow-related abnormalities in all body regions in a broad spectrum of patients, including term neonates and other paediatric patients, young and elderly adult patients, and those with moderate or severe renal or hepatic impairment or cardiovascular (CV) disease.
Introduction: Ethnic Formation with Other-Than-Human Beings
Authors: Schoenbrun David L. , Johnson Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:Literature on ethnicity in Africa meets literature on multispecies ethnography to their mutual benefit. Multispecies ethnography considers people together with other-than-human beings, insisting the figure of the human is an interspecific one. We explore the ways in which multispecies ethnography needs history as part of a story about power and politics. But, the burden of the essay argues that historians of ethnicity need multispecies ethnographers’ embrace of a broader canvas of life, in motion at many scales. Historians of ethnicity need a greater awareness of change and continuity in the presence of other-than-human life forms, over time. Those same historians also might adopt the readiness of multispecies ethnographers to recognize other than the descent metaphor at the heart of thinking and making groups.