bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sustainable management of olive tree residues on soil fertility in irrigated and rain-fed olive orchards
Authors: Kavvadias V. , Papadopoulou M. , Vavoulidou E. , Theocharopoulos S. , Koubouris G. , Psarras G. , Manolaraki Chr. , Giakoumaki G. , Vasiliadis A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOlive trees are a major source of agricultural residues. Strategies based on different management of organic amendments have been reported to increase soil fertility. The effect of sustainable organic matter input practices (application of shredded pruning residue and olive residue compost to soil) on soil properties in irrigated and rain-fed olive groves was investigated. The study took place in 40 olive groves in the region of Peza, island of Crete, Greece during a 5-year period (2012–2017). The results showed that olive trees play an important role in soil nutrient conservation under semi-arid conditions in the Mediterranean basin. The addition of olive tree residues, in combination with conservation tillage practices, improved soil fertility over the experimental period. Most of the soil properties were favored by irrigation. In olive soil parcels receiving organic materials the soil organic matter and the total nitrogen were increased in irrigated fields. The ability of surface soil to sequester carbon and nutrients beneath the tree canopy of olive groves was high. It is recommended that sustainable soil management practices should consider soil fertility variability of olive orchards.
A mini review of activated methods to persulfate-based advanced oxidation process
Authors: Song Wei , Li Ji , Wang Zhuoyue , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Persulfate-based advanced oxidation has been widely applied in environmental remediation for degrading contaminants. In recent years, numerous kinds of organic analytes including pesticides, dyes and pharmaceuticals, have emerged and related researches on the activation methods, the mechanism and the application have been performed. The activation is critical in persulfate-based advanced oxidation because the persulfate alone has a weaker oxidation potential to degrade these organic pollutants. Hence various activation methods have been extensively investigated to achieve a higher oxidation efficiency. These novel methods are gradually expanding the applicability and practicality. This review focuses on the classification of the different activation methods based on whether it is related to the substances or not. The effect of the environmental conditions (solution pH, dosage and the co-existing substance) on the oxidation capacity are also discussed.
An assessment of drought on maize cropping success in ancient Maya lowlands during the last half of the first millennium ce
Authors: Wong Alfred 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Drought arising from a shift in intertropical convergence zone in the Yucatán peninsula during the last half of the first millennium is often cited as a determining cause in the collapse of ancient Maya polities. Some Mayanists have postulated that a small change in precipitation might have been sufficient to result in catastrophic cropping failure, with attendant large decline in population. The supporting data for this conjecture are essentially very weak. In particular, paleoclimatologists could provide only qualitative drier or wetter periods. The data resolution has not been at the level of daily or monthly precipitation in ancient times. It is well known in the cropping of maize that the pattern, frequency, and quantity of precipitation, among other things, during the growing period are of paramount importance. Present quantitative assessment suggests that a decrease of the order of 40%, uniformly over a 125-day growing season, from normal precipitation may not have an adverse impact on maize cropping success. This finding presents doubts in the hypothetical climate-based cause of catastrophic decline in population during the period of ‘Maya collapse’.
Research on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of main pollutants of the rivers in the Linyi Development Zone
Authors: Liu Chao , Qian Binjie , Wang Liyuan , Miao Qun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The pollution issues with urban rivers is one of the key factors affecting the urban ecological environment, and water pollution control has become the top task for urban ecological construction. The first step of controlling water environment pollution is to have an objective knowledge of the water quality. This research selects the rivers in the Linyi Development Zone as the subject and analyzes the major pollution factors and the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the main pollutants in the river system based on routine monitoring data of the river system in the zone from August 2014 to May 2017, and also accurately judges the variation trend of the water quality with the time through the Spearman rank relational coefficient. The research result shows that NH3-N, TP, CODCr, CODMn, BOD5 are the main pollution factors. Between 2014 and 2017, the overall water quality variation trend of the river system in the development zone is very significant, and the water quality variation basically remains stable. The water quality variation and major pollution sources of the rivers in the development zone are judged, providing an important basis for the water ecology construction of the development zone.
The influence of silviculture investment in fixed assets on forest water conservation in China
Authors: Ying Zhang , Yi Aijun , Fang Lan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Forests play an important role in water conservation. It is important to study the relationship between forest water conservation (FWC) and forestry investment. Based on official statistics and ecological network observation data in China from 1999 to 2013, this paper for the first time uses correlation analysis and regression analysis methods to analyze the relationship between FWC and forest silviculture investment in fixed assets (FSIFA). Results show that FWC and FSIFA have a strong correlation and a strong influence, correlation coefficient is around 0.96. The amount of annual forest water conservation is increased with an increase in investment in fixed assets. The study also found that FSIFA affecting annual FWC lags more than 1 year, showing that FSIFA cannot play a role in water conservation immediately. The research also discussed other affecting factors on FWC, such as forest coverage rate, economic development level and forest quality improvement, etc. Their effects were also found to lag 1–5 years. Finally, the paper predicts the amount of annual FWC from 2014 to 2020 and gives some suggestions to strengthen investment in forest fixed assets and improve management of forest resources so as to promote the development of benefits of FWC.
Sustainability assessment of restoration plans under climate change by using system dynamics: application on Urmia Lake, Iran
Authors: Sarindizaj Elham Ebrahimi , Zarghami Mahdi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
During the last decade, Urmia Lake has lost most of its surface area. As a result, finding management practices to restore the sustainable ecological status of Urmia Lake, the world's second largest hyper-saline lake, is imperative. In this study, the sustainability of different plans under climate change was assessed using system dynamics. The plans were evaluated with respect to sustainability criteria including reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability measures. According to the results due to different management practices, on average, water consumption should be reduced by at least 30% to restore the lake. The results revealed that only hybrid plans which incorporate multiple management practices, instead of focusing on just one approach, can be influential. Among the hybrid plans, that of increasing irrigation efficiency, reducing cultivated area, changing crop pattern, and inter-basin water transfer was identified as the most sustainable plan. About eight years after applying this plan, the lake will achieve its ecological level and will remain sustainable. Considering comprehensive factors, the proposed model can help watershed managers to take the necessary measures to restore this vital ecosystem. The results of this study can be applied to water resources systems with the same problem, especially those in semi-arid regions with multidisciplinary aspects.
Trend analysis of watershed-scale annual and seasonal precipitation in Northern California based on dynamically downscaled future climate projections
Authors: Ishida K. , Ercan A. , Trinh T. , Jang S. , Kavvas M. L. , Ohara N. , Chen Z. Q. , Kure S. , Dib A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImpact of future climate change on watershed-scale precipitation was investigated over Northern California based on future climate projections by means of the dynamical downscaling approach. Thirteen different future climate projection realizations from two general circulation models (GCMs: ECHAM5 and CCSM3) based on four emission scenarios (SRES A1B, A1FI, A2, and B1) were dynamically downscaled to 9-km resolution grids over eight watersheds in Northern California for a period of 90 water years (2010–2100). Analysis of daily precipitation over the eight watersheds showed that precipitation values obtained from dynamical downscaling of the 1981 to 1999 control runs of ECHAM5 and CCSM3 GCMs compared well with the PRISM data. Long-term future trends of annual and seasonal basin-average precipitation were investigated. Although a large variability exists for the projected annual basin-average precipitation within each of the 13 individual realizations, there was no significant long-term trend over the eight study watersheds except for the downward trend in the A1FI scenario. On the other hand, significant upward and downward trends were detected in the seasonal basin-average precipitation except in the winter months (January, February, and March). The trend analysis results in this study indicated the importance of considering seasonal variability, scenario, and model uncertainty.
Joint effects of five environmental factors on the growth of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Hu Guikun , Zhang Qingtian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In many lakes and reservoirs, Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the dominant bloom species. Five environmental factors, including nutrients and physical factors, were selected to evaluate their effects and interactions on the growth of M. aeruginosa (FACHB-905) by joint analysis in a laboratory batch culture. The results indicated that all five factors affected the growth rate alone or in combination, and that their interactions were complex. This cyanobacterium strain preferred higher water temperature and alkaline conditions, while not requiring high illumination or high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Owing to these features the bloom of this cyanobacterium appears easily in nature. The form of nitrogen (nitrate or ammonium) also affected the assessment of M. aeruginosa bloom. The possibility of M. aeruginosa bloom would still exist even if the phosphorus concentration in the water column was very low. The result provided a good basis for the analysis and prediction of M. aeruginosa blooms in terms of environmental assessment, because the joint analysis of multiple factors would offer more valuable information than a univariate analysis.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Assessing the impacts of changing climate and human activities on streamflow in the Hotan River, China
Authors: Fu Xiaohua , Shen Bing , Dong Zengchuan , Zhang Xiao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Climate change and intensified human activities are regarded as the two driving factors for most river systems having lost their connection with the Tarim River. The Hotan River is the second largest headstream of the Tarim River; therefore, it is important to determine the causes of its reduction in streamflow supply. Based on an analysis of changes in hydro-meteorological regime and the effects of direct human activities on streamflow, their contributions to the decrease in streamflow in different periods (natural period, 1964–1988; transition period, 1989–2002; post-transition period, 2003–2012) from the Hotan River to the Tarim River were quantified based on a double-mass curve of inflow and outflow in the Hotan River Basin. The results indicate that climatic changes reduced streamflow during the transition period yet increased streamflow during the post-transition period. Human activities reduced output by 73% in the transition period and by 127% in the post-transition period, which was significantly stronger than the contribution from the climate. Thus, human activities appear to be the main driving factor for the drop in streamflow from the Hotan River into the Tarim River. These results can be used as a reference for water resource planning and management.
Study on the hydro-chemistry process after mixing between water and rocks
Authors: Jing Xiuyan , Yang Hongbin , Wang Na 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The chemical evolution of groundwater has received close attention from hydro-geologists. Northwest China largely consists of arid and semi-arid regions, where surface water and groundwater frequently exchange with each other, and where the mixing and water–rock interactions significantly affect the direction of water quality evolution. Based on experimental simulation, this paper investigates the interactions among the Yellow River water, groundwater and rocks in Yinchuan. The study found that when groundwater is mixed with the Yellow River water, the Yellow River water has a certain dilution effect on the hydro-chemical composition of groundwater; however, this effect is not simply diluted by proportion for no reaction between irons, but a portion of calcium, sulfur, and carbonate form precipitates. After mixing of the Yellow River water, groundwater and rocks, the pH increased, and the carbon dioxide system reached equilibrium again. In addition, CO32− was produced. While Na+ increase was mainly due to dissolution, SO42− decrease was because of precipitation. The precipitation or dissolution of Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO32− mainly depended on the mixing ratio between groundwater and river water, which suggested the reversible behavior of the dissolution-precipitation of carbonate minerals.
Natural organic matter as precursor to disinfection byproducts and its removal using conventional and advanced processes: state of the art review
Authors: Tak Surbhi , Vellanki Bhanu Prakash 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and if present can cause varied drinking water quality issues, the major one being disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are major classes of DBP that are formed during chlorination of NOM. The best way to remove DBPs is to target the precursors (NOM) directly. The main aim of this review is to study conventional as well as advanced ways of treating NOM, with a broad focus on NOM removal using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and biofiltration. The first part of the paper focuses on THM formation and removal using conventional processes and the second part focuses on the studies carried out during the years 2000–2018, specifically on NOM removal using AOPs and AOP-biofiltration. Considering the proven carcinogenic nature of THMs and their diverse health effects, it becomes important for any drinking water treatment industry to ameliorate the current water treatment practices and focus on techniques like AOP or synergy of AOP-biofiltration which showed up to 50–60% NOM reduction. The use of AOP alone provides a cost barrier which can be compensated by the use of biofiltration along with AOP with low energy inputs, making it a techno-economically feasible option for NOM removal.
Assessment of the parasitological quality of water stored in private cisterns in rural areas of Tunisia
Authors: Ben Ayed Layla , Belhassen Khaoula , Sabbahi Sonia , Karanis Panagiotis , Nouiri Issam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Limited access to safe water enhances poverty, hunger and diseases. This study evaluated the drinking water quality stored in home-based systems, located in rural areas of Tunisia. Water management was also documented as an improvement of good practice as most of the water contamination could be related to behavioral patterns. Thirty-nine water samples from five different sources (rainwater, truck cistern, mix, etc.) were screened for enteric parasitic contamination with the modified Bailenger technique. This technique allowed the detection of three protozoa: Giardia spp.; Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii; Entamoeba coli and one helminth specie: Ascaris spp. The overall prevalence of these intestinal parasites was approximately 97% with a relatively high frequency of protozoa over helminths and more specifically E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii. This incidence could be correlated to the lack of hygiene practices, sanitation and education. This situation requires the need for frequent monitoring of the water quality and management in these areas.
Drinking water in West Virginia (USA): tap water or bottled water – what is the right choice for college students?
Authors: Levêque Jonas Germain , Burns Robert Clyde 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
West Virginia has had a history of water quality issues. In parallel, the world is facing a plastic pollution crisis. In order to better understand behavioral responses to perceived water quality, a survey was conducted at a major research university to ask participants about water quality perceptions and drinking water behaviors. A total of 4,188 students completed the survey during the Spring 2017 semester. Logistic regression analyses were used to predict behaviors. Results indicated that a third of the student population primarily used bottled water for drinking purposes at home, while 39% used a filter at home and 26% drank water directly from the tap. On campus, bottled water use was reported by 36% of the students, water fountain use represented 31%, and 29% of the students brought their own water with reusable cups/bottles. Health risk perceptions, organoleptic perceptions (i.e., taste, odor, color), and environmental concern were predictors of the different behaviors. Students originally from West Virginia had a higher propensity of using bottled water. We argue that bottled water consumption should be reduced in areas where water quality is not an issue. In this sense, there is a need for education among the student population in West Virginia.
Monitoring levels of viable Helicobacter pylori in surface water by qPCR in Northeast Spain
Authors: Acosta Claudia Patricia , Codony Francesc , Fittipaldi Mariana , Sierra-Torres Carlos Hernán , Morató Jordi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma and lymphoma. Although the infection may be acquired through different transmission routes, the presence and viability of H. pylori in water sources are not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the viability of H. pylori cells in urban surface waters collected at the Vallparadís public park in Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. The water samples were analysed by viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using propidium monoazide and specific primers for the H. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA gene). Viable H. pylori were found in 91.3% of the samples analysed, with an average concentration of 3.46 ± 1.06 log cell 100 mL−1. Our work proves a quick and simple procedure for evaluating viable H. pylori cells in environmental samples by qPCR. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that urban surface waters may contain considerable levels of viable H. pylori cells, thus indicating they are a potential source of infection, which represents a public health concern.
Evaluation of low-flow metrics as environmental instream flow standards during long-term average and 2016 drought conditions: Tombigbee River Basin, Alabama and Mississippi, USA
Authors: Praskievicz Sarah , Luo Cehong , Bearden Bennett , Ernest Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Environmental instream flows are a common tool for maintaining river flows that are required to sustain both ecosystem and societal needs. Many of the most widely adopted environmental flow standards are based on historical flow, mainly because of the relative simplicity of these methods. Few previous studies, however, have examined the ability of historical flow standards to protect low flows. Here, the low-flow protective ability of five different historical flow methods, using 35 gaging stations in the Tombigbee River Basin of Alabama and Mississippi, was analyzed. The minimum environmental flow thresholds were calculated using the five indices, and the number of times in a recent 32-year period flows fell below each threshold was determined. The Tennant-based threshold was reached most frequently, followed by the modified Tennant. Although other low-flow metrics, such as 7Q10, were triggered infrequently (9% of the time) over the whole period, triggering rates increased to 46% for 7Q10 during the drought of 2016, suggesting that even minimal low-flow standards may provide some benefit during drought. Analyzing historical flow methods to see how often they would result in management actions if implemented is a useful way of developing guidance on the adoption of minimum environmental instream flow standards.
Direct and indirect water use within the Australian economy
Authors: Reutter Beatriz , Lant Paul A. , Lane Joe L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present the first analysis of water use in the Australian economy to account for inter-state trade, exports and consumption patterns, across all economic sectors and incorporating a temporal analysis. This is achieved by using the environmentally extended input-output technique, combining state-level input-output and water accounts from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results show that the three big eastern economies (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland) rely mostly on water used within their jurisdictions. Approximately one-third of water consumption is for exported commodities, with the biggest export flows of virtual water being associated with agricultural production. Comparing results across the years (2000–2011), the water consumption associated with the provision of goods and services has decreased by 32% for exports, and by 38% for domestic markets. To date in Australia, the focus for improved trans-boundary water management (within Australia) has been on improved mechanisms for sharing physical allocation of water; these results provide the trans-boundary economic dependencies related to water availability. Recent innovations in the compilation of economic input-output models create an opportunity to progress this analysis, exploring in detail the economy–water interlinkages. It is our intention that the paper shows the value of analysing water flows using the multi-regional input-output techniques.