bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Interaction of Multifunctional Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Highly Effective Theranostics
Authors: Yang Ming‐Da , Ho Chien‐Hsin , Ruta Sergiu , Chantrell Roy , Krycka Kathryn , Hovorka Ondrej , Chen Fu‐Rong , Lai Ping‐Shan , Lai Chih‐Huang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe controlled size and surface treatment of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) make one‐stage combination feasible for enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and effective hyperthermia. However, superparamagnetic behavior, essential for avoiding the aggregation of magnetic NPs, substantially limits their performance. Here, a superparamagnetic core–shell structure is developed, which promotes the formation of vortex‐like intraparticle magnetization structures in the remanent state, leading to reduced dipolar interactions between two neighboring NPs, while during an MRI scan, the presence of a DC magnetic field induces the formation of NP chains, introducing increased local inhomogeneous dipole fields that enhance relaxivity. The core–shell NPs also reveal an augmented anisotropy, due to exchange coupling to the high anisotropy core, which enhances the specific absorption rate. This in vivo tumor study reveals that the tumor cells can be clearly diagnosed during an MRI scan and the tumor size is substantially reduced through hyperthermia therapy by using the same FePt@iron oxide nanoparticles, realizing the concept of theranostics.
Continuous Surface Polymerization via Fe(II)‐Mediated Redox Reaction for Thick Hydrogel Coatings on Versatile Substrates
Authors: Ma Shuanhong , Yan Changyou , Cai Meirong , Yang Jun , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of versatile generalized strategies for easy surface modification is of immense scientific interest. Herein, a novel mechanism to form functional hydrogel coatings on a wide variety of substrate materials including polymers, polymeric resins, ceramics, and intermetallic compounds, enabling easy change of the surface wettability and lubrication property, is reported. In situ polymerization and hydrogel coating formation is initiated by free radicals generated through the redox reaction between Fe2+ and S2O82− at the solid–liquid interface, which shows controllable growth kinetics. Hydrogel modification is fast, controllable, and performed in mild conditions at room temperature. The chemical components, thickness, and network structure of the hydrogel coating can be well controlled. The surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization method allows reinitiation of the polymerization when the grafted hydrogel coating is polished away, and allows continuous surface polymerization to form multi‐interpenetrating network hydrogel coatings. Interestingly, it is fully compatible with 3D‐printing technology, and by using 3D‐printed composites as the catalytic template, it demonstrates an extreme advantage for engineering 3D hollow hydrogel objects with various complex structures. The versatility of this method makes it generate potential applications in the field of surface/interface and biological engineering.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Academic Emergency Medicine: How Far Have We Come? Next Steps for the Future
Authors: Boatright Dowin , Branzetti Jeremy , Duong David , Hicks Marquita , Moll Joel , Perry Marcia , Pierce Ava , Samuels Elizabeth , Smith Teresa , Angerhofer Christy , Heron Sheryl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough the U.S. population continues to become more diverse, black, Hispanic, and Native American doctors remain underrepresented in emergency medicine (EM). The benefits of a diverse medical workforce have been well described, but the percentage of EM residents from underrepresented groups is small and has not significantly increased over the past 20 years. A group of experts in the field of diversity and inclusion convened a work group during the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Program Directors (CORD) and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) national meetings. The objective of the discussion was to develop strategies to help EM residency programs examine and improve racial and ethnic diversity in their institutions. Specific recommendations included strategies to recruit racially and ethnically diverse residency candidates and strategies to mentor, develop, retain, and promote minority faculty.
Unbalanced Superconductivity Induced by the Constant Electron–Phonon Coupling on a Square Lattice
Authors: Szewczyk Kamila A. , Szczȩśniak Radosław , Szczȩśniak Dominik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe properties of the unbalanced superconducting state on a square lattice with the constant value of the electron–phonon coupling function are analyzed. The analysis is conducted in the framework of the Eliashberg formalism, explicitly considering the k‐dependence of the electron and phonon dispersion relations. It is found that the balanced superconducting state does not induce itself in the system due to the high value of the electron effective mass. However, in the unbalanced case, the thermodynamic properties of the superconducting condensate can be distinctly different from the predictions of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schieffer theory, when the coupling constant value in the diagonal channel of the self‐energy is diminished compared with the non‐diagonal channel. This is due to the reduced dimensionality of the tested system and the strong‐coupling effects included in the Eliashberg formalism.
Chemical Cutting of Perovskite Nanowires into Single‐Photon Emissive Low‐Aspect‐Ratio CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) Nanorods
Authors: Tong Yu , Fu Ming , Bladt Eva , Huang He , Richter Alexander F. , Wang Kun , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bals Sara , Tamarat Philippe , Lounis Brahim , Feldmann Jochen , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPost‐synthetic shape‐transformation processes provide access to colloidal nanocrystal morphologies that are unattainable by direct synthetic routes. Herein, we report our finding about the ligand‐induced fragmentation of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires (NWs) into low aspect‐ratio CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br and I) nanorods (NRs) during halide ion exchange reaction with PbX2–ligand solution. The shape transformation of NWs‐to‐NRs resulted in an increase of photoluminescence efficiency owing to a decrease of nonradiative decay rates. Importantly, we found that the perovskite NRs exhibit single photon emission as revealed by photon antibunching measurements, while it is not detected in parent NWs. This work not only reports on the quantum light emission of low aspect ratio perovskite NRs, but also expands our current understanding of shape‐dependent optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals.
Single‐Site Molybdenum on Solid Support Materials for Catalytic Hydrogenation of N2‐into‐NH3
Authors: Azofra Luis Miguel , Morlanés Natalia , Poater Albert , Samantaray Manoja K. , Vidjayacoumar Balamurugan , Albahily Khalid , Cavallo Luigi , Basset Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVery stable in operando and low‐loaded atomic molybdenum on solid‐support materials have been prepared and tested to be catalytically active for N2‐into‐NH3 hydrogenation. Ammonia synthesis is reported at atmospheric pressure and 400 °C with NH3 rates of approximately 1.3×103 μmol h−1 gMo−1 using a well‐defined Mo‐hydride grafted on silica (SiO2‐700). DFT modelling on the reaction mechanism suggests that N2 spontaneously binds on monopodal [(≡Si−O‐)MoH3]. Based on calculations, the fourth hydrogenation step involving the release of the first NH3 molecule represents the rate‐limiting step of the whole reaction. The inclusion of cobalt co‐catalyst and an alkali caesium additive impregnated on a mesoporous SBA‐15 support increases the formation of NH3 with rates of circa 3.5×103 μmol h−1 gMo−1 under similar operating conditions and maximum yield of 29×103 μmol h−1 gMo−1 when the pressure is increased to 30 atm.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C(sp2)‐ or C(sp3)−H Bond Functionalization Assisted by Removable Directing Groups
Authors: Rej Supriya , Chatani Naoto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent years, transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has become a key strategy in the field of organic synthesis. Rhodium complexes are widely used as catalysts in a variety of C−H functionalization reactions because of their high reactivity and selectivity. The availability of a number of rhodium complexes in various oxidation states enables diverse reaction patterns to be obtained. Regioselectivity, an important issue in C−H activation chemistry, can be accomplished by using a directing group to assist the reaction. However, to obtain the target functionalized compounds, it is also necessary to use a directing group that can be easily removed. A wide range of directed C−H functionalization reactions catalyzed by rhodium complexes have been reported to date. In this Review, we discuss Rh‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions that are aided by the use of a removable directing group such as phenol, amine, aldehyde, ketones, ester, acid, sulfonic acid, and N‐heteroaromatic derivatives.
Molecular Mimics of Heterogeneous Metal Phosphides: Thermochemistry, Hydride‐Proton Isomerism, and HER Reactivity
Authors: Buss Joshua A. , Hirahara Masanari , Ueda Yohei , Agapie Theodor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new series of low‐valent dinuclear molybdenum complexes bearing phosphido or phosphinidene bridging ligands was synthesized as a structural model of heterogeneous metal phosphide catalysts. Addition of acid to a monocationic Mo2‐μ‐P complex results in phosphide protonation, affording a dicationic Mo2‐μ‐PH species. Alternatively, reaction of an isoelectronic Mo2‐μ‐P precursor with LiBEt3H gives a Mo2H‐μ‐P complex. Mixing these species, one bearing a Mo−H and the other a P−H bond, results in facile H2 production at room temperature.
Sunlight‐Driven Water Transport via a Reconfigurable Pump
Authors: Geng Hongya , Zhou Ke , Zhou Jiajia , Ma Hongyun , Lv Cunjing , Li Chun , Xu Zhiping , Qu Liangti 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFast and controllable water transport in microchannels has implications for many applications. A combination of stimuli‐responsive asymmetrical changes in the geometry and gradient in the surface wettability offers the possibility to accelerate the transport and realize controllability. Herein, we introduce a meters‐long sunlight‐powered reconfigurable water pump constructed by tubular poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) premixed with chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO), in which the inner wall is modified with thermal‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (PNIPAm). This sunlight‐powered water pump delivers a record‐high advance speed of 1.5 mm s−1 and 13.6 kg h−1 m−2 under 1.5 sun. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the remarkable performance results from the synergistic effect of the contact‐angle gradient arising from the reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic switch of PNIPAm and the capillary force arising from the geometric deformation of the microchannel.
Development of polystyrene composites based on blue agave bagasse by in situ RAFT polymerization
Authors: Vega‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , Rosas‐Aburto Alberto , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Vázquez‐Torres Humberto , Cano‐Díaz Gema Susana , Pérez‐Salinas Patricia , Hernández‐Luna Martín Guillermo , Alcaraz‐Cienfuegos Jorge , Zolotukhin Mikhail G. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA new approach for the production of polystyrene‐blue agave bagasse (BAB) composite materials is presented. In this approach, dried powdered raw BAB is press molded in the presence of a coupling agent based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), producing a hybrid material of poly(GMA) grafted onto BAB. The in situ reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in presence of this poly(GMA)‐graft‐BAB hybrid material results in a reinforced composite material. These composites are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, impact test analyses, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The characterization results show that the amount of GMA coupling agent plays a key role in the efficiency of the process, manifested as improvement of the mechanical properties of polystyrene. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47089.
Wet‐spun conductive silk fibroin–polyaniline filaments prepared from a formic acid–shell solution
Authors: Li X. , Ming J. , Ning X. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTShell wastes represent a considerable quantity of byproducts in the coastal area. From the viewpoint of ecofriendly and economical disposal, shell wastes are dissolved in formic acid to prepare an ionic liquid at room temperature and dissolve silk fibers to prepare a spinning solution. In this study, we developed conductive filaments made of silk fibroin (SF) and polyaniline (PANI) with wet‐spinning techniques and a water coagulation bath. We then evaluated its surface morphologies and structural, mechanical, and electrical properties. The average diameters of the SF–PANI filaments increased with SF concentration from 8.0 to 14.0 wt % when PANI content was 0.1 wt %. The structure of SF–PANI filaments included the coexistence of silk I and silk II and was not affected by the addition of PANI. Moreover, the stress and strain of the SF–PANI filament were 4.46 ± 0.57 MPa and 16.18 ± 2.35%, respectively. After three drafts, the stress and strain of the SF–PANI filaments reached their maxima: 22.08 ± 0.2 MPa and 63.2 ± 2.56%, respectively. In addition, the electrical properties of the SF–PANI filaments increased with the addition of PANI. Thus, all data in this study suggest that recycled shell wastes can be reused as dissolution systems to prepare SF‐based functional conductive filaments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47127.
Photoinduced healing of polyolefin dielectrics enabled by surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Yu , Yang Minhao , Zhang Sumei , Lin Xiang , Dang Zhi‐Min , Wang Dongrui 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDielectrics with the capability to sustain large electric fields and to repair electrical damages rapidly are attracting for advanced insulation systems. Herein we demonstrate, for the first time, polymer blends with a co‐continuous structure can heal electrical‐breakdown‐damage under laser illumination. Polymer blends consisting of polyethylene (PE) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) plus a small amount of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared via a solvent‐assisted approach. The co‐continuous structure was obtained by controlling the mass ratio of PE/EVA to 50/50 wt %. The PE/EVA blend showed a relatively high dielectric strength of 215 kV mm−1 at room temperature under a direct current electric field. The dielectric strength was slightly reduced to 202 kV mm−1 by incorporating with 0.42 wt % of AuNPs. Importantly, after electrical breakdown, the AuNPs‐filled blend films were able to restore their dielectric strength to 80% of the initial values by laser irradiation for seconds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47158.
Elaboration of a feather keratin/carboxymethyl cellulose complex exhibiting pH sensitivity for sustained pesticide release
Authors: Lin G. , Chen X. , Zhou H. , Zhou X. , Xu H. , Chen H. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFeather keratin (FK) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as raw materials to prepare a FK/CMC polyelectrolyte complex via electrostatic interactions. Using avermectin (AVM) as a model drug and elevated temperature, an FK/CMC@AVM drug‐carrying complex was obtained. The structure and morphology of FK/CMC@AVM were both analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency, anti‐ultraviolet, sustained release, and toxicity properties of FK/CMC@AVM were studied. The results showed that the average particle size of FK/CMC@AVM was 386.57 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was 67.06%. Under UV light irradiation, FK/CMC@AVM significantly improved the stability of AVM and the half‐life of AVM was found to be delayed from 354 to 1800 min. Moreover, the sustained release of AVM featured pH sensitivity and was consistent with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Upon increasing the pH from 1.5 to 9.5, the release mechanism of AVM changed from Fick diffusion to non‐Fick diffusion. Finally, the toxicity characteristics of FK/CMC@AVM were not significantly different from those of nonmodified AVM. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47160.
Loss of thermoplastic elastomer toughening in polylactide after weathering
Authors: Meyva‐Zeybek Y. , Kaynak C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIt has been already pointed out that one of the best ways to increase toughness of the inherently brittle polylactide (PLA) without sacrificing strength and modulus is the use of thermoplastic elastomer toughening approach; but what happens under outdoor conditions was not explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the degree of losses especially in fracture toughness of PLA when blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE) after weathering. For this purpose, neat PLA, its 10 phr TPU and TPE blends were exposed to accelerated weathering conditions of both ultraviolet‐irradiation cycles and moisture cycles as described in the standard of ISO 4892‐3 for various periods. In general, due to the significant molecular weight reduction via chain scission reactions, drastic losses in the strength and toughness of the specimens were observed. On the other hand, in terms of %retention in the properties after weathering periods, it could be suggested that, rather than use of neat PLA, the use of its TPU or TPE blends would be still advantageous for both “indoor use” and also for “outdoor use.” © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47177.
Calponins Are Recruited to Actin‐Rich Structures Generated by Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonella
Authors: Chua Michael Dominic , Walker Brittany Dominique , Jin Jian‐Ping , Guttman Julian A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe ingestion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium leads to their colonization of the intestinal lumen, which ultimately causes an array of ailments ranging from diarrhea to bacteremia. Once in the intestines, these microbes generate various actin‐rich structures to attach, invade, or move within the host intestinal epithelial cells. Although an assortment of actin‐associated proteins has been identified to varying degrees at these structures, the localization of many actin stabilizing proteins have yet to be analyzed. Here, we examined the recruitment of the actin‐associated proteins, calponin 1 and 2 at EPEC pedestals, L. monocytogenes actin clouds, comet tails and listeriopods, and S. Typhimurium membrane ruffles. In other systems, calponins are known to bind to and stabilize actin filaments. In EPEC pedestals, calponin 1 was recruited uniformly throughout the structures while calponin 2 was enriched at the apical tip. During L. monocytogenes infections, calponin 1 was found through all the actin‐rich structures generated by the bacteria, while calponin 2 was only present within actin‐rich structures formed by L. monocytogenes near the host cell membrane. Finally, both calponins were found within S. Typhimurium‐generated membrane ruffles. Taken together, we have shown that although calponin 1 is recruited to actin‐rich structures formed by the three bacteria, calponin 2 is specifically recruited to only membrane‐bound actin‐rich structures formed by the bacteria. Thus, our findings suggest that calponin 2 is a novel marker for membrane‐bound actin structures formed by pathogenic bacteria. Anat Rec, 301:2103–2111, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation and Assembly of Actomyosin Contractile Rings in Cytokinesis and Cell Repair
Authors: Dekraker Corina , Boucher Eric , Mandato Craig A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCytokinesis and single‐cell wound repair both involve contractile assemblies of filamentous actin (F‐actin) and myosin II organized into characteristic ring‐like arrays. The assembly of these actomyosin contractile rings (CRs) is specified spatially and temporally by small Rho GTPases, which trigger local actin polymerization and myosin II contractility via a variety of downstream effectors. We now have a much clearer view of the Rho GTPase signaling cascade that leads to the formation of CRs, but some factors involved in CR positioning, assembly, and function remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that this regulation is multifactorial and goes beyond the long‐established Ca2+‐dependent processes. There is substantial evidence that the Ca2+‐independent changes in cell shape, tension, and plasma membrane composition that characterize cytokinesis and single‐cell wound repair also regulate CR formation. Elucidating the regulation and mechanistic properties of CRs is important to our understanding of basic cell biology and holds potential for therapeutic applications in human disease. In this review, we present a primer on the factors influencing and regulating CR positioning, assembly, and contraction as they occur in a variety of cytokinetic and single‐cell wound repair models. Anat Rec, 301:2051–2066, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Pools of Nuclear Actin
Authors: Wineland Dylane M. , Kelpsch Daniel J. , Tootle Tina L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWhile nuclear actin was reported ~50 years ago, it's in vivo prevalence and structure remain largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila oogenesis, that is, follicle development, to characterize nuclear actin. We find that three different reagents—DNase I, anti‐actin C4, and anti‐actin AC15—recognize distinct pools of nuclear actin. DNase I labels monomeric or G‐actin, and, during follicle development, G‐actin is present in the nucleus of every cell. Some G‐actin is recognized by the C4 antibody. In particular, C4 nuclear actin colocalizes with DNase I to the nucleolus in anterior escort cells, follicle stem cells, some mitotic follicle cells, and a subset of nurse cells during early oogenesis. C4 also labels polymeric nuclear actin in the nucleoplasm of the germline stem cells, early cystoblasts, and oocytes. The AC15 antibody labels a completely distinct pool of nuclear actin from that of DNase I and C4. Specifically, AC15 nuclear actin localizes to the chromatin in the nurse and follicle cells during mid‐to‐late oogenesis. Within the oocyte, AC15 nuclear actin progresses from localizing to puncta surrounding the DNA, to forming a filamentous cage around the chromosomes. Together these findings reveal that nuclear actin is highly prevalent in vivo, and multiple pools of nuclear actin exist and can be recognized using different reagents. Additionally, our localization studies suggest that nuclear actin may regulate stemness, nucleolar structure and function, transcription, and nuclear structure. Such findings call for further studies to explore the prevalence, diversity, and functions of nuclear actin across tissues and organisms. Anat Rec, 301:2014–2036, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.