bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diethyl butylmalonate attenuates cognitive deficits and depression in 5×FAD mice
Authors: Yuan Lai , Song Ge , Xu Wangwei , Liu Shuni , Zhang Yongsheng , Pan Wei , Ding Xiaohui , Fu Linlin , Lin Qisi , Sun Fenfen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment and depression, is currently one of the intractable problems due to the insufficiency of intervention strategies. Diethyl butylmalonate (DBM) has recently attracted extensive interest due to its anti-inflammatory role in macrophages. However, it is still unknown whether DBM has a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits and depression.MethodsDBM was administrated to 5×FAD and C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection. Novel object recognition, Y-maze spatial memory, Morris water maze and nest building tests were used to evaluate cognitive function. Moreover, the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, open field test and the elevated plus maze test were used to assess depression. Transmission electron microscopy, Golgi-Cox staining, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and western blot were utilized to determine the neuropathological changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice.ResultsMultiple behavioral tests showed that DBM effectively mitigated cognitive deficit and depression in 5×FAD mice. Moreover, DBM significantly attenuated synaptic ultrastructure and neurite impairment in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice, paralleled by the improvement of the deficits of PSD95 and BDNF proteins. In addition, DBM decreased the accumulation of microglia and downregulated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala of 5×FAD mice.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that DBM ameliorates cognitive deficits and depression via improvement of the impairment of synaptic ultrastructure and neuroinflammation, suggesting that DBM is a potential drug candidate for treating AD-related neurodegeneration.
Association between oxidative balance score and cardiovascular diseases: mediating analysis of methylmalonic acid based on the NHANES database
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Zhang Zisang , Ye Fei , Liu Pengfei , Peng Bo , Wang Teng 
Published: November 2024

AimTo explore the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with hypertension, and further clarify the mediating role of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the relationship between OBS and CVD risk.MethodsWe included 4,137 participants with hypertension from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort. The study endpoint was the incidence of CVD in patients with hypertension. OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary and 4 lifestyle components. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were adopted to assess the associations between OBS and CVD risk, OBS and MMA levels, and MMA levels and CVD risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. We used distribution-of-product method to test for mediation effect, with a presence of mediation indicated by 95% CI that does not include 0 for the distribution-of-product method and 95% CI that does not include 1 for the indirect effect.ResultsTotally 812 developed CVD. In weighted multivariable logistic regression models, lower OBS category (OBS &lt; 15.72) was associated with increased odds of CVD (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.17–2.01) and MMA levels (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65), respectively, compared with higher OBS category as reference. A positive relationship between higher MMA levels (≥154.90 nmol/L) and CVD risk was observed (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.07–1.68). Importantly, according to the distribution-of-product test, a potential mediating effect of MMA on the relationship between OBS and CVD was found (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.19), with a 95% CI for distribution-of-product of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01–0.17). The mediated proportion was 17.8%. Subgroup analysis revealed a mediating effect of MMA in individuals with dyslipidemia, with a mediated proportion of 14.9%.ConclusionMMA plays a critical mediating role in the pathway between OBS and CVD risk.
CXCR6 expression predicts prognosis and immunotherapeutic benefit in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Lu Xiaolin , Ge Li-Ping , Liu Zhaopei , Zhu Yu , Ye Dingwei , Chang Yuan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that the CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) is involved in tumor progression and the regulation of tumor immunity. However, its role in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains largely unexplored.MethodsData from 391 MIBC patients in the TCGA, 212 patients from GEO, 131 patients from our center, 195 patients in the IMvigor210 cohort, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 9 bladder cancer patients (GSE222315) were analyzed. Additionally, data from the GEPIA 2, TISCH2, TIMER2.0, and UALCAN platforms were utilized to investigate the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of CXCR6 in MIBC.ResultsWe observed that CXCR6 expression was significantly reduced in bladder cancer tumors and correlated with tumor stage and grade. Low CXCR6 expression was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the TCGA cohort, a finding validated in both the meta-GEO dataset and our center’s cohort. Multivariate analysis confirmed that low CXCR6 expression was an independent predictor of poor OS and RFS. A nomogram incorporating CXCR6 expression and other independent prognostic factors was developed to accurately predict 3- and 5-year OS. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that immune activation-related pathways were significantly enriched in tumors with high CXCR6 expression. CIBERSORT analysis revealed that CXCR6 expression was positively correlated with CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells, M1 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells in TCGA, findings further validated by TIMER2.0. scRNA-seq data showed that CXCR6 was predominantly expressed in T and NK cells and facilitated T/NK-myeloid interaction via the CXCR6-CXCL16 axis. Importantly, CXCL16+ macrophages and dendritic cells recruited CXCR6+ T and NK cells, which exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity, thereby amplifying anti-tumor immunity. Clinically, in the IMvigor210 immunotherapy cohort, higher CXCR6 expression was associated with improved anti-PD-L1 therapeutic outcomes.ConclusionOur findings highlight CXCR6 as a critical biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in MIBC.
Enhanced anticancer effect of thymidylate synthase dimer disrupters by promoting intracellular accumulation
Authors: Marverti Gaetano , Moschella Maria Gaetana , Belardo Alice , Lamesta Michele , Mercanile Giada , Tagliazucchi Lorenzo , Aiello Daniele , Venturelli Alberto , Illuminati Davide , Guerrini Remo , Losi Lorena , Ponterini Glauco , Costi Maria Paola , D’Arca Domenico 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThymidylate synthase (TS) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, proliferation, DNA synthesis, and repair, thus gaining attention for targeted therapies in cancer. TS overexpression and the altered pharmacokinetics of anti-TS drugs are among the most prominent causes of cellular resistance. Decreased drug influx and/or efficient efflux result in reduced drug access to the intracellular targets.ResultsIn this study, we have evaluated and demonstrated the increased cytotoxic efficacy of novel TS dimer disrupters (Ddis) in the presence of specific inhibitors of drug efflux protein pumps in ovarian and colon cancer cells, suggesting that these compounds are substrates of the cellular drug extruders. A second strategy adopted to favor intracellular accumulation was to employ, as a drug delivery system, a molecular tool able to help less lipophilic compounds to cross the cell membrane. The Ddis were delivered through the SAINT-Protein transfection agent. The observed cell-killing effects agreed with the reduction of TS protein level and cell cycle perturbation.ConclusionOverall, this preclinical study suggests that the innovative TS dimer disrupters can be optimized by increasing their intracellular accumulation by both inhibiting their outflow and/or enhancing cellular uptake.
Progressive changes in binocular perception from stereopsis to rivalry
Authors: Hasegawa Yohske , Kondo Hirohito M. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe binocular system provides a stereoscopic view from slightly different retinal images and produces perceptual alternations, namely, binocular rivalry, from significantly different retinal images. When we observe a stereogram in which the stimulus configurations induce stereopsis and rivalry simultaneously, the binocular system prefers stereopsis to rivalry. However, changes in visual perception are yet to be investigated by parametrically manipulating the components of a stereogram.MethodsWe examined stereopsis preferences in stereograms with various horizontal disparities. The stereograms of our paradigms included horizontal and vertical bars in one eye and a vertical bar alone in the other. Under experimental conditions, the vertical bar superimposed on the horizontal bar varied its position relative to the opposite vertical bar: range of horizontal disparity, 0.0′ to 42.3′. The superimposed vertical bar was absent under the control condition. Observers were instructed to indicate the disappearance of monocular horizontal bars, that is, targets, from their perception during the 30-s trials.ResultsThe total disappearance duration decreased under experimental conditions compared with that under control conditions, and it gradually increased with an increase in the disparity of the stereoscopic vertical bars.DiscussionThese results indicate that the disparity in the stereoscopic components biases binocular perception away from the rivalry between the vertical and horizontal bars toward the stereopsis of the vertical bars. Furthermore, the disappearance duration showed a unimodal and asymmetric distribution across all disparity conditions. This suggests that rivalry processing occurs in parallel when stereopsis is dominant. We found that stereopsis preference is an outcome of binocular perception selection biased by disparity.
Liposomal Formulations of Novel BODIPY Dimers as Promising Photosensitizers for Antibacterial and Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Porolnik Weronika , Ratajczak Magdalena , Mackowiak Aleksandra , Murias Marek , Kucinska Malgorzata , Piskorz Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2024

Synthesis, photochemical properties, liposomal encapsulation, and in vitro photodynamic activity studies of novel BODIPY dimer connected at meso-meso positions and its brominated and iodinated analogs were described. UV-Vis measurements indicated that the dimeric structure of obtained BODIPYs did not significantly influence the positions of the absorption maxima. Emission properties and singlet oxygen generation studies revealed a strong heavy atom effect of brominated and iodinated BODIPY dimers, manifested by fluorescence intensity reduction and increased singlet oxygen generation ability compared to analog without halogen atoms. For the in vitro photodynamic activity studies, dimers were incorporated into two different types of liposomes: positively charged DOTAP:POPC and negatively charged POPG:POPC. The photoinactivation studies revealed high activity of brominated and iodinated dimers incorporated into DOTAP:POPC liposomes on both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Anticancer studies on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells revealed that DOTAP:POPC liposomes containing brominated and iodinated dimers were active even at low nanomolar concentrations. In addition, they were more active against MDA-MB-231 cells than A2780 cells, which is particularly important since the MDA-MB-231 cell line represents triple-negative breast cancer, which has limited therapeutic options.
Code Mixing Used by Yuki Kato in Bicara Cinta on Puella Id Youtube Channel
Authors: Anggelliya Ni Putu Cahya , Matradewi Ni Ketut Widhiarcani , Sosiowati I Gusti Ayu Gde 
Published: November 2024

Code-mixing gives an understanding of a mix of two languages or more by the multilingual. This study aims at defining the types and the factors causing the code-mixing used by Yuki Kato in a Youtube video. A mixed method was applied, with both qualitative and quantitative methods used in the study. The data is all of the words, phrases, or sentences that include the use of mixed codes in English and Indonesian Language, which was collected from one episode of Bicara Cinta on the PUELLA ID Youtube Channel. The code-mixing theory from Hoffman (1991) was used to analyze the data, including the types of code-mixing and the factors that caused the code-mixing. The analysis has identified 93 data on the use of code-mixing by Yuki Kato, including three types of code-mixing which are intra-sentential with 80 data found (86,02%), intra-lexical with 10 data found (10, 75%), and involving a change of pronunciation with 3 data found (3,23%). Six out of seven factors were applied in the code-mixing by Yuki Kato. The code-mixing produced by Yuki Kato is caused by several factors, those are talking about particular topic with 46 data found (49,46%), being emphatic about something with 35 data found (37,63%), intention of clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor with 7 data found (7,53%), repetition used for clarification with 2 data found (2,15%), interjection with 2 data found (2,15%), and quoting somebody else with only 1 data found (1,08%). There is no code-mixing caused by expressing a group identity.
Keywords: Code-mixing, Codes, Youtube Channel
PEMANFAATAN INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI MEDIA KAMPANYE DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 PASANGAN "ARTYS" PADA PILKADA BLORA
Authors: Alfian Ramadhani Dzika Fajar 
Published: November 2024

Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana instagram dimanfaatkan oleh pasangan "ARTYS" : Arief Rohman dan Tri Yuli Setyowati sebagai sarana kampanye pilkada di tengah pandemi covid-19. Covid-19 tidak hanya berdampak kepada kesehatan saja, tetapi juga beradampak juga terhadap pendidikan, politik, budaya dan ekonomi. Selain itu juga telah menunda pelaksanaan pilkada yang mulanya akan dilaksanakan pada september 2020. Dalam tulisan ini khusus akan membahas bagaimana pesan yang disampaikan oleh akun instagram @Ariefrohman838 dan bagaimana strategi yang dilakukan kepada masyarakat karena tidak dapat bertemu secara langsung. Oleh karena itu penulis mengangkat sosial media instagram sebagai sarana kampanye. Bagaimana penyampaian pesan yang disampaikan dan bagaimana cara strategi penyampaian akan lebih mendominasi pembahasan didalam tulisan ini. Penulis juga mencoba untuk menganalisis konten instagram yang telah dipublikasikan terhadap jumlah pemilih pada pilkada Blora tahun 2020. Apakah Kampanye yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Pasangan calon Pilkada sudah efektif. Hal tersebut bisa dilihat dari tingkat antusiasme masyarakat. Bisa dikatakan strategi yang digunakan sudah efektif. Karena pemanfaatan Instagram sebagai Sarana Kampanye telah memberikan berpengaruh kepada masyarakat.
أثر الاتفاقيات التجارية الأردنية - الأمريكية على نمو الاقتصاد الأردني: دراسة قياسية
Authors: المساعيد سليمان وارد 
Published: November 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى اختبار تأثير صادرات الأردن إلى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من خلال اتفاقية المدن الصناعية المؤهلة (QIZ)، واتفاقية التجارة الحرة مع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (JUSFTA) على النمو الاقتصادي. وكذلك اختبار فرضية (الصادرات - تقود النمو Export-Lead Growth Hypothesis) على الاقتصاد الأردني خلال الفترة (1990- 2005)، حيث استخدمت منهجية (Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL)، التي طوّرها البروفسور بيسران وآخرون (Pesaran et al., 2001). وذلك لكي يستطيع صانعو القرار الاقتصادي معرفة مدى تأثير نمو الصادرات على نمو الاقتصاد الأردني بشكل عام، ومعرفة تأثير الصادرات الأردنية بموجب هاتين الاتفاقيتين على النمو الاقتصادي، بشكل خاص. لقد دلّت نتائج هذه الدراسة على أن هناك تأثيراً إيجابيًّا قصير الأمد وطويل الأمد للصادرات الأردنية الكلية وللصادرات الأردنية بموجب هاتين الاتفاقيتين على النمو الاقتصادي في الأردن. لكن النتائج تبين أن تأثير الصادرات الأردنية بموجب اتفاقيتي(QIZ, JUSFTA) كان ضعيفاً، مقارنة مع حجم الصادرات الأردنية بموجب هاتين الاتفاقيتين والتي تشكل ما يقارب ثلث الصادرات الأردنية. كذلك أثبتت الدراسة على أن الصادرات الأردنية تقود النمو الاقتصادي، وهو ما يبرهن على مواءمة الاقتصاد الأردني لفرضية الصادرات - تقود النمو Export-Lead Growth Hypothesis. كما توصي الدراسة صانعي القرار بالتركيز على تحفيز الصادرات الأردنية، وكذلك البحث عن وسائل جديدة تعمل على زيادة تشابكية الصناعات الأردنية المصدرة من المدن الصناعية المؤهلة مع القطاعات الاقتصادية الأخرى؛ حيث إن تأثير الصادرات الأردنية بموجب هاتين الاتفاقيتين لم يكن بالمستوى المطلوب منها.
The Criminal Justice System in Qatar and Protection of Human Rights: Ambitions and Realities
Authors: Ghannam Ghannam Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

In this article, I study the criminal justice system in Qatar to
determine to what extent the human rights in the various phases of
the criminal procedure process Are respected. Does this system
observe the international standards for preserving human rights? Are
the various organs of the criminal justice system performing their
roles in the criminal procedure process in line with the safeguards of
due process of law? What are the ambitions of the authorities and
what is the reality? What are the defects and how can they be
remedied? These are some of the questions raised in this article that
tends to trace the positive and negative aspects of the functions of the
criminal justice system in regard to the recognized standards of
human rights. As a conclusion, this study sets out the defects and
flaws that render the criminal system less respecting for human right.
Further, the study ends up with important recommendations with the
aim of improving the performance of the Qatari Criminal System
with regard to human rihgts.

Introduction

In spite of its recent history, the state of Qatar could assure for itself
a prominent place in the world. Since it gained independence in 1971, the
Qatari authorities were not satisfied with a modest place despite the
recent establishment of the state. On the contrary, they rushed to create a
legal environment in which the rule of law prevails, and without which it
could not attain its ambitions.
حق المتهم فـي محاكمة سريعة فـي القانون الأمريكي
Authors: غنام غنام محمد 
Published: November 2024

1- أهم الاختصارات الإنجليزية :
App. Div: Appellate Division, N. Y
محكمة استئناف نیویورك (دورية)
Cal. Rptr: California Reporter
أحكام ولاية كاليفورنيا (دورية)
C.C.C.: Criminal Cases of Canada
أحكام المحاكم الجنائية الكندية (دورية كندية)
Colum. L. Rev.: Columbia law Review
المجلة القانونية لولاية كولومبيا (دورية)

E. H. R. R.: European Court of Human Rights Reporter

أحكام المحكمة الأوروبية لحقوق الإنسان (دورية)

F. 2d : Federal Reporter, Second series

أحكام المحكمة الفيدرالية للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (دورية)

F. Supp.: Federal Reporter Supplement

أحكام المحكمة الفيدرالية للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (دورية إضافية)

N. E. : North Eastern Reporter

أحكام محاكم الشمال الشرقي (دورية)

N. Y: New York.

أحكام منطقة المحيط الهادي
P . 20 . : Pacific , second series

S. ct.: Sup Court Reporter

أحكام المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (دورية)
U.S.: United States Supreme Court Reporter
أحكام المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (نفس الدورية السابقة)
U.S.V...: United States versus...
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ضد...
2- أهم الاختصارات الفرنسية :
B.C.: Bulletin de la Cour de cassation, Chambre
أحكام محكمة النقض الفرنسية الدائرة الجنائية Criminelle
موسوعة دالوز الأسبوعية .

D. : Recueil Dalloz
النظام التعاقدي للمرسوم بقانون رقم 24 لسنة 1979م في شأن الجمعيات التعاونية واللوائح المنظمة له في دولة الكويت - دراسة تأصيلية فقهية
Authors: الشهابي عمر عبد الله 
Published: November 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التأصيل القانوني والفقهي للجمعيات التعاونية الاستهلاكية في دولة الكويت ثم بيان التكييف الفقهي للتعاقدات المالية الحاصلة في الجمعيات التعاونية بين مختلف أطراف التعاقد: المؤسسين والمساهمين والموردين. المنهج: لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اتبعت المنهج الوصفي لواقع الجمعيات التعاونية من خلال القانون واللوائح المنظمة وواقع تعاقداتها ومن ثم اتبعت المنهج التحليلي والاستنباطي في تكييفها القانوني والفقهي. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدة أبرزها: 1- نظام الجمعية التعاونية في الكويت عقد مستحدث لا يصح إلحاقه بأحد العقود المسماة. 2- علاقة المجلس التأسيسي بالجمعية التعاونية تتكيف بأنها عقد وكالة بغير أجر وتبرع بالضمان في نطاق حدده القانون. 3- علاقة المكتتبين في أسهم الجمعية بغرض عوائد المشتريات تتكيف بأنها وعد بالهبة مقابل رسوم اشتراك في صندوق تعاوني. 5- العوائد المالية مقابل المشتريات تتكيف بأنها خصم مؤجل. 6- عقود التوريد للجمعية إذا التزم المورد بتحمل التالف والمرتجع تتكيف بأنها عقد وكالة بأجر، أما إذا التزمت الجمعية بالتالف والتزم المورد بالمرتجع فيتكيف العقد بأنه بيع اشتُرط فيه الخيار، ويصح فيما لا يتغير بمضي المدة. الخاتمة: انتهت الدراسة إلى أن النظام التعاقدي في الجمعيات التعاونية عقد مستحدث ذو طبيعة خاصة، وأنه ينطوي على عقود متنوعة تختلف بحسب ما يقارنها من شروط. وانتهت إلى توصيات بإجراء دراسات قانونية ومحاسبية في جوانب عدة في القطاع التعاوني.
الكلمات المفتاحية: النظام التعاوني، الجمعيات الاستهلاكية، عقود التوريد، الخصم المؤجل.
التكييف القانوني للوقائع: مفهومه، أنواعه، أثره على الحكم القضائي
Authors: الشريف محمد المدني صالح 
Published: November 2024

الأَهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى شرح مفهوم التكييف القانوني للوقائع، وبيان الضوابط اللّازمة لصحته، وأَثره على صحة الحكم القضائي، والعوامل التي يجب على القضاة مراعاتها عند تكييفهم لوقائع النزاع. المنهج: تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي، والمنهج التحليلي، والمنهج الاستقرائي في شرح وتحليل المادة العلمية للدراسة. النتائج: 1- العلاقة بين القاضي والقانون علاقة وثيقة؛ لكون القاضي هو من يبث روح الحياة في القواعد القانونية ويكسبها الفعالية والمرونة اللَّازمة لتحقيق المقصد الكلي للمشرع في بسط العدل بين الناس وإحقاق الحقوق ورد المظالم إلى أَهلها. 2- قد يتأَثر التكييف القانوني للوقائع بعوامل مرتبطة بالوقائع ارتباطاً وثيقاً بحيث يؤدي عدم مراعاتها إلى وصفها وصفاً حرفياً مما يتعارض مع تكييفها التكييف القانوني الصحيح. 3 - التكييف القانوني للوقائع من الأَعمال التي تعتمد على المهارات الذاتية المصقولة بالعلم والخبرة والتدريب والممارسة؛ ولذلك فإنَّ عدته غزارة العلم وسعة الاطلاع وفهم الواقع والإحاطة بمقاصد التشريع. 4 - التكييف القانوني للوقائع عمل اجتهادي في مسائل ظنية، مما يجعله عرضة لاختلاف وجهات النظر، لاختلاف الناس في مؤهلاتهم العلمية ومواهبهم؛ ولذلك أخضعه المشرع للرقابة في سلم التقاضي لكونه عرضة للخطأ والصواب كالتفسير. الخاتمة: خلصت الدراسة إلى إنَّ صحة الأَحكام القضائية مرتبطة بصحة التكييف القانوني للوقائع، والعكس صحيح، وبناءً على ذلك قدمت مقترحاً للاهتمام به اهتماماً يتفق مع أَهميته في ممارسة العمل القانوني بجميع ضروبه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقائع، التصور، التكييف العادي للوقائع، التكييف المقاصدي للوقائع.