bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing physical function in children undergoing intense cancer treatment—a RESPECT feasibility study
Authors: Nielsen Martin K. F. , Christensen Jesper F. , Frandsen Thomas L. , Thorsteinsson Troels , Andersen Lars B. , Christensen Karl B. , Nersting Jacob , Faber Marianne , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Larsen Hanne B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe physical function of children with cancer is reduced during treatment, which can compromise the quality of life and increase the risk of chronic medical conditions. The study, “REhabilitation, including Social and Physical activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer” (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01772862) examines the efficacy of multimodal rehabilitation strategies introduced at cancer diagnosis. This article addresses the feasibility of and obstacles to testing physical function in children with cancer.MethodsThe intervention group comprised 46 males and 29 females aged 6–18 years (mean ± SD: 11.3 ± 3.1 years) diagnosed with cancer from January 2013 to April 2016. Testing at diagnosis and after 3 months included timed‐up‐and‐go, sit‐to‐stand, flamingo balance, handgrip strength, and the bicycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).ResultsOf the 75 children, 92% completed a minimum of one test; two children declined testing and four were later included. Completion was low for CPET (38/150, 25%) but was high for handgrip strength (122/150, 81%). Tumor location, treatment‐related side effects, and proximity to chemotherapy administration were primary obstacles for testing physical function. Children with extracranial solid tumors and central nervous system tumors completed significantly fewer tests than those with leukemia and lymphoma. Children with leukemia demonstrated reduced lower extremity function, that is, 24% reduction at 3 months testing in timed‐up‐and‐go (P = 0.005) and sit‐to‐stand (P = 0.002), in contrast with no reductions observed in the other diagnostic groups.ConclusionChildren with cancer are generally motivated to participate in physical function tests. Future studies should address diagnosis specific obstacles and design testing modalities that facilitate physical function tests in this target group.
Real world management of pregestational diabetes not achieving glycemic control for many patients in the UK
Authors: Cea‐Soriano Lucia , García‐Rodríguez Luis A. , Brodovicz Kimberly G. , Masso‐Gonzalez Elvira , Bartels Dorothee B. , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeOur goal was to describe the management of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women in the United Kingdom.MethodsWe used electronic medical records from The Health Improvement Network database between January 1995 and June 2012 to identify the first pregnancy in women 15 to 45 years of age with pregestational diabetes type 1 or type 2. Information on lifestyle factors, demographic characteristics, prescription of specific antidiabetic medications, and glycemic control measures (HbA1c) was obtained from primary care provider records. We evaluated treatment patterns and HbA1c levels within 90 days before the last menstrual period (prepregnancy period) and within each trimester of pregnancy.ResultsIn a cohort of 1511 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes, 60% had type 1 and 40% type 2 diabetes. Among women with type 1 diabetes, 90% received antidiabetic medication (primarily insulin) prepregnancy and 92% during the first trimester. Among women with type 2 diabetes, 54% received antidiabetic medication (primarily metformin) during the prepregnancy period and 60% during the first trimester. Among women with nontreated diabetes type 2 before pregnancy, 22% initiated treatment by the first trimester (primarily insulin); those on noninsulin antidiabetic medications often switched to insulin. The proportion of women with at least 1 HbA1c value recorded within the prepregnancy period was 33% for type 1 (n = 299) and 31% for type 2 diabetes (n = 189); the corresponding proportions within the first trimester were 48% and 40%, respectively. Among women with recorded HbA1c, the prevalence of HbA1c > 7% prepregnancy was 70% for type 1 and 52% for type 2 diabetes; the proportions within the first trimester were 73% and 46%, respectively.ConclusionsManagement of pregnant women with diabetes seems to follow recommendations for pharmacological treatment. However, there is substantial room for improvement in HbA1c control, that is, in the planning of pregnancy in women with diabetes, in the initiation of antidiabetic medication among women with diabetes type 2 who may need it, and likely in the compliance with treatments in women with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.
Antidepressant and antipsychotic medication errors reported to United States poison control centers
Authors: Kamboj Alisha , Spiller Henry A. , Casavant Marcel J. , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Hodges Nichole L. , Smith Gary A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate unintentional therapeutic medication errors associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications in the United States and expand current knowledge on the types of errors commonly associated with these medications.MethodsA retrospective analysis of non‐health care facility unintentional therapeutic errors associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications was conducted using data from the National Poison Data System.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2012, poison control centers received 207 670 calls reporting unintentional therapeutic errors associated with antidepressant or antipsychotic medications that occurred outside of a health care facility, averaging 15 975 errors annually. The rate of antidepressant‐related errors increased by 50.6% from 2000 to 2004, decreased by 6.5% from 2004 to 2006, and then increased 13.0% from 2006 to 2012. The rate of errors related to antipsychotic medications increased by 99.7% from 2000 to 2004 and then increased by 8.8% from 2004 to 2012. Overall, 70.1% of reported errors occurred among adults, and 59.3% were among females. The medications most frequently associated with errors were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (30.3%), atypical antipsychotics (24.1%), and other types of antidepressants (21.5%). Most medication errors took place when an individual inadvertently took or was given a medication twice (41.0%), inadvertently took someone else's medication (15.6%), or took the wrong medication (15.6%).ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive overview of non‐health care facility unintentional therapeutic errors associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. The frequency and rate of these errors increased significantly from 2000 to 2012. Given that use of these medications is increasing in the US, this study provides important information about the epidemiology of the associated medication errors.
The In Situ Synthesis of Fe(OH)3 Film on Fe Foam as Efficient Anode of Alkaline Supercapacitor Based on a Promising Fe3+/Fe0 Energy Storage Mechanism
Authors: Fan Yuqian , Wang Lumeng , Ma Zhipeng , Dai Wei , Shao Haibo , Wang Huijuan , Shao Guangjie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a simple in situ charge/discharge activation strategy is proposed to synthesize Fe(OH)3 film on Fe foam as an efficient anode of supercapacitors. The physical characteristics of electrodes are characterized and the electrochemical energy storage performances are investigated. Importantly, it is demonstrated the as‐synthesized Fe(OH)3@Fe foam electrode adopted a novel Fe3+/Fe0 redox reaction mechanism for energy storage in alkaline electrolytes. Compared with previously reported Fe3+/Fe2+ mechanisms, the Fe3+/Fe0 redox couple shows a more promising application value (e.g., higher theoretical‐specific capacitance, excellent conductivity of its reduction state). As for supercapacitor anodes, the electrode achieves high areal capacitance of 5.55–3.94 F cm−2 at a current range of 20–200 mA cm−2 and shows good stability for high‐rate and long‐term cycling. The assembled single supercapacitor device gives a high energy density of 11.64–7.43 Wh m−2 at a power density of 157–1461 W m−2. More importantly, the as‐adopted in situ activation strategy may also have potential value for synthesizing other transition metal oxide‐based products.
Accelerating Kohn‐Sham response theory using density fitting and the auxiliary‐density‐matrix method
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Fliegl Heike , Jensen Frank , Teale Andrew M. , Reine Simen , Kjærgaard Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn extension of the formulation of the atomic‐orbital‐based response theory of Larsen et al., JCP 113, 8909 (2000) is presented. This new framework has been implemented in LSDalton and allows for the use of Kohn‐Sham density‐functional theory with approximate treatment of the Coulomb and Exchange contributions to the response equations via the popular resolution‐of‐the‐identity approximation as well as the auxiliary‐density matrix method (ADMM). We present benchmark calculations of ground‐state energies as well as the linear and quadratic response properties: vertical excitation energies, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities. The quality of these approximations in a range of basis sets is assessed against reference calculations in a large aug‐pcseg‐4 basis. Our results confirm that density fitting of the Coulomb contribution can be used without hesitation for all the studied properties. The ADMM treatment of exchange is shown to yield high accuracy for ground‐state and excitation energies, whereas for polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities the performance gain comes at a cost of accuracy. Excitation energies of a tetrameric model consisting of units of the P700 special pigment of photosystem I have been studied to demonstrate the applicability of the code for a large system.
Artefactual formation of pyruvate from in‐source conversion of lactate
Authors: Trefely Sophie , Mesaros Clementina , Xu Peining , Doan Mary T. , Jiang Helen , Altinok Oya , Orynbayeva Zulfiya , Snyder Nathaniel W. 
Published: May 2018

RationaleLactate and pyruvate are high‐abundance products of glucose metabolism. Analysis of both molecules as part of metabolomics studies in cellular metabolism and physiology have been aided by advances in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).MethodsWe used ion‐pairing chromatography and negative ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) on a QExactive HF to perform stable isotope assisted metabolomics profiling of lactate and pyruvate metabolism.ResultsUsing an LC/MS method for polar metabolite analysis we discovered an artefactual formation of pyruvate from in‐source fragmentation of lactate. Surprisingly, this in‐source fragmentation has not been previously described, thus we report this identification to warn other investigators. This artefact was detected by baseline chromatographic resolution of lactate and pyruvate by LC with confirmation of this artefact by stable isotope labeling of lactate and pyruvate.ConclusionsThese findings have immediate implications for metabolomics studies by LC/MS and direct infusion MS, especially in negative ion mode, whereby users should resolve lactate from pyruvate or robustly quantify the potential formation of pyruvate from higher abundance lactate in their assays.
Evaluation of coal‐related model compounds using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Guo‐Sheng , Dong Xueming , Fan Xing , You Chun‐Yan , Wu Ge , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Lu Yao , Wei Xian‐Yong , Ma Feng‐Yun 
Published: May 2018

RationaleGas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is a routine and basic instrumental method for the analysis of complex coal conversion products in the chemical industry. To further enhance the practical potential of GC/MS in chemical industry, a tandem MS method for the selection of ion pairs applied in monitoring coal conversions was established using GC/quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS (GC/Q‐TOF MS). The corresponding fragmentation pathways were explored and suitable ion pairs were screened.MethodsFourteen coal‐related model compounds (CRMCs) were analyzed using GC/Q‐TOF MS with different collision‐induced dissociation (CID) energies (5–20 eV). The fragmentation pathways can offer a better understanding of chemical bond breaking, hydrogen transfer, rearrangement reactions and elimination of neutral fragments for CRMCs during the CID process.ResultsThe precursor ions of aromatic hydrocarbons without alkyl chains were difficult to fragment with a CID energy of 20 eV. But aromatic hydrocarbons with branched chains were prone to fragment via the loss of alkyl chains and further fragmented through ring‐opening reactions. Compared with the CalkCar bond, the CarCar bond was difficult to fragment due to its high bond dissociation energy. The existence of heteroatoms facilitated fragmentation that was conducive to the screening of ion pairs.ConclusionsThe CID technique of GC/Q‐TOF MS will contribute to studies on the organic composition of coals and to building monitoring methods for coal conversions via fragmentation and ion pair selection.
Analysis of endometrial microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing among infertile patients: a single‐center pilot study
Authors: Kyono Koichi , Hashimoto Tomoko , Nagai Yoko , Sakuraba Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to analyze the endometrial and vaginal microbiome among a Japanese infertile population by sequencing and the impact of the endometrial and vaginal environment on implantation.MethodsIn total, 102 infertile (79 in vitro fertilization [IVF] and 23 non‐IVF) patients and seven healthy volunteers were recruited from August to December, 2017. Endometrial fluid and vaginal discharge samples for sequencing were collected by using an intrauterine insemination catheter. The bacterial status of the endometrium and vagina were analyzed.ResultsThe Lactobacillus‐dominated microbiota (>90% Lactobacillus spp.) in the endometrium vs vagina was 38% (30/79) vs 44.3% (44/79) in the IVF patients, 73.9% (17/23) vs 73.9% (17/23) in the non‐IVF patients, and 85.7% (6/7) vs 85.7% (6/7) in the healthy volunteers. The percentage of endometrial Lactobacillus in the healthy volunteers was highly stable within the same menstrual cycle and even in the following cycle. The major taxonomies were Gardnerella, Streptococcus, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, Sneathia, Prevotella, and Staphylococcus. Fifteen patients achieved pregnancy by a single vitrified‐warmed blastocyst transfer during this study; the median percentage of Lactobacillus in the pregnant women was 96.45 ± 33.61%.ConclusionA considerable percentage of non‐Lactobacillus‐dominated (NLD) microbiota was found in the endometrium of Japanese infertile women. Increasing the endometrial level of the Lactobacilli to >90% might favor the implantation outcome of NLD infertile patients.
Reading between the lines: The effect of contextual factors on student motivation throughout an open inquiry process
Authors: Adler Idit , Schwartz Liron , Madjar Nir , Zion Michal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInquiry provides opportunities to engage students in authentic science. Although inquiry's underlying principles can motivate students to learn, the challenges that students encounter may hamper their motivation. Thus, the teacher's role in providing motivational support is crucial. This research examines how the interplay among the inquiry's characteristics, the challenges encountered by students, and the motivational support provided by the teacher affects students' expression of motivation throughout an online inquiry process. The messages of both the teacher and the students were examined using self‐determination theory (SDT). The results indicate that the students did not automatically embrace the autonomous characteristic of open inquiry. Their expressions of motivation were dynamic, affected by the challenges that they encountered. In contrast, the teacher maintained high levels of autonomy and competence and intertwined these components in a strategy that we term guided autonomy. The teacher and students expressed high‐order expressions of affect. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the teacher's motivational support and the students' expressions of motivation. The results indicate that SDT can provide a powerful framework for understanding students’ unfolding motivation throughout a challenging educational process and for guiding teachers’ efforts in supporting the motivation of their students in an online environment.
Autonomous Magnetic Microrobots by Navigating Gates for Multiple Biomolecules Delivery
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Lim Byeonghwa , Torati Sri Ramulu , Ding Junjia , Novosad Valentine , Im Mi‐Young , Reddy Venu , Kim Kunwoo , Jung Eunjoo , Shawl Asif Iqbal , Kim Eunjoo , Kim CheolGi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe precise delivery of biofunctionalized matters is of great interest from the fundamental and applied viewpoints. In spite of significant progress achieved during the last decade, a parallel and automated isolation and manipulation of rare analyte, and their simultaneous on‐chip separation and trapping, still remain challenging. Here, a universal micromagnet junction for self‐navigating gates of microrobotic particles to deliver the biomolecules to specific sites using a remote magnetic field is described. In the proposed concept, the nonmagnetic gap between the lithographically defined donor and acceptor micromagnets creates a crucial energy barrier to restrict particle gating. It is shown that by carefully designing the geometry of the junctions, it becomes possible to deliver multiple protein‐functionalized carriers in high resolution, as well as MCF‐7 and THP‐1 cells from the mixture, with high fidelity and trap them in individual apartments. Integration of such junctions with magnetophoretic circuitry elements could lead to novel platforms without retrieving for the synchronous digital manipulation of particles/biomolecules in microfluidic multiplex arrays for next‐generation biochips.
The neuropeptide‐12 improves recognition memory and neuronal plasticity of the limbic system in old rats
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández Elizabeth Monserrat , Caporal Hernandez Karen , Vázquez‐Roque Rubén Antonio , Díaz Alfonso , de la Cruz Fidel , Florán Benjamin , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAging is a stage of life where cognitive and motor functions are impaired. This is because oxidative and inflammatory processes exacerbate neurodegeneration, which affects dendritic morphology and neuronal communication of limbic regions with memory loss. Recently, the use of trophic substances has been proposed to prevent neuronal deterioration. The neuropeptide‐12 (N‐PEP‐12) has been evaluated in elderly patients with dementia, showing improvements in cognitive tasks due to acts as a neurotrophic factor. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of N‐PEP‐12 on motor activity and recognition memory, as well as its effects on dendritic morphology and the immunoreactivity of GFAP, Synaptophysin (SYP), and BDNF in neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal hippocampus (DH) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of aged rats. The results show that N‐PEP‐12 improved the recognition memory, but the motor activity was not modified compared to the control animals. N‐PEP‐12 increases the density of dendritic spines and the total dendritic length in neurons of the PFC (layers 3 and 5) and in DH (CA1 and CA3). Interestingly NAcc neurons showed a reduction in the number of dendritic spines. In the N‐PEP‐12 animals, when evaluating the immunoreactivity for SYP and BDNF, there was an increase in the three brain regions, while the mark for GFAP decreased significantly. Our results suggest that N‐PEP‐12 promotes neuronal plasticity in the limbic system of aged animals, which contributes to improving recognition memory. In this sense, N‐PEP‐12 can be considered as a pharmacological alternative to prevent or delay brain aging and control senile dementias.
Outrigger system analysis and design under time‐dependent actions for super‐tall steel buildings
Authors: Fang Baoyi , Zhao Xin , Yuan Juyun , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe outrigger system has been widely adopted as an efficient structural lateral‐load resisting system for super‐tall buildings in recent years. Although the outrigger system has many structural advantages, it has a significant defect due to differential shortening, which cannot be neglected. Due to the shrinkage and creep of concrete, as well as the differential settlement of foundation, the shortening of the structural member is an important time‐dependent issue, which leads to additional forces in the outriggers after the lock‐in of the outriggers. As a result, it will increase the size of the structural member cross section in the design. In a real project, engineers can delay the lock‐in time of the outrigger system to release the additional forces caused by the differential shortening during the construction phase. The time‐dependent actions, such as the column shortening and the differential settlement of the foundation, were estimated. A mega frame steel structure was employed to illustrate the analysis and design of the outrigger under the time‐dependent actions. Furthermore, a simple optimal method, considering the structural stability and overall stiffness, was proposed to optimize the construction sequence of the outrigger system.
Overcoming fundamental limitations of wind turbine individual blade pitch control with inflow sensors
Authors: Jones B. Ll. , Lio W. H. , Rossiter J. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIndividual pitch control (IPC) provides an important means of attenuating harmful fatigue and extreme loads upon the load bearing structures of a wind turbine. Conventional IPC architectures determine the additional pitch demand signals required for load mitigation in response to measurements of the flap‐wise blade‐root bending moments. However, the performance of such architectures is fundamentally limited by bandwidth constraints imposed by the blade dynamics. Seeking to overcome this problem, we present a simple solution based upon a local blade inflow measurement on each blade. Importantly, this extra measurement enables the implementation of an additional cascaded feedback controller that overcomes the existing IPC performance limitation and hence yields significantly improved load reductions. Numerical demonstration upon a high‐fidelity and nonlinear wind turbine model reveals (1) 60% reduction in the amplitude of the dominant 1P fatigue loads and (2) 59% reduction in the amplitude of extreme wind shear‐induced blade loads, compared with a conventional IPC controller with the same robust stability margin. This paper therefore represents a significant alternative to wind turbine IPC load mitigation as compared with light detection and ranging‐based feedforward control approaches.