bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Phenol Production Potential in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Response to Infection Caused by Fusariun verticillioides (Niren.)
Authors: Oriyomi I. L. , Sobowale A. A. , Akanmu A. O. , Odebode A. C. 
Published: May 2019

This study investigated phenol production in five maize varieties in response to infection caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Pure culture of the pathogen was obtained from Plant Pathology Laboratory of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The screen house experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Dual inoculation was done where soil was infected separately before planting and seedlings were infected separately two weeks after planting with two volumes (10ml and 20ml) containing 1.4×107 spores/ml suspension of F. verticillioides. The maize plants were harvested at 4th, 5th and 6th weeks after inoculation and the maize plants were dried at room temperature before determination of phenol content in each of the varieties. Data gathered on the agronomic parameters and phenol contents were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.1 statistical package.
All the maize varieties recorded more than 70% stalk rot incidence while the severity ranged from 19.01% in variety ART-98-SW1 to 25.21% in ART-98-SW6. ART-98-SW6 showed the most (p<0.05) phenol content (21.28 mg/g). Soil inoculation produced the highest percentage stalk rot severity while seedling inoculation showed significantly higher phenol contents across the period of study. Similarly, disease severity increased with increasing inoculum levels with highest attained using 20 ml (23.99%) while higher phenol content was obtained at inoculum level 10 ml (18.61 mg/g) compared to results using 20 ml (15.63 mg/g) and control (7.88 mg/g). The maize variety; ART-98-SW6 with highest stalk rot severity also produced the highest phenol content. Overall, the rate of phenol production in maize corresponded with the extent of severity F. verticillioides infections.
Visualization of Biogenic Amines and In Vivo Ratiometric Mapping of Intestinal pH by AIE‐Active Polyheterocycles Synthesized by Metal‐Free Multicomponent Polymerizations
Authors: Hu Yubing , Han Ting , Yan Neng , Liu Junkai , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Wen‐Xiong , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcid‐base homeostasis is crucial for normal physiology, metabolism, and functions of living organisms. Thus, the development of effective techniques to monitor it either in vitro or in vivo is in great demand. Herein, a series of multifunctional oxazine‐containing polyheterocycles with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics are in situ generated by metal‐free one‐pot A3 polymerizations of terminal diynes, dialdehydes, and ureas. Most of the polymers are synthesized with high molecular weights (Mw up to 49 900) in nearly quantitative yields and display intense solid‐state emission and remarkable fluorescence response to protonation and deprotonation. Based on the unique photophysical properties, a fast responsive and reversible fluorescent sensor for ammonia with a detection limit of 960 ppb is achieved and applied for detecting biogenic amines and seafood spoilage. Besides, the polymeric nanoparticles show excellent lysosome‐targeting specificity in cell imaging. The polyheterocycles show ratiometric pH sensing behavior with a broad acid‐base response window from pH 1 to 9, which shed light on visualizing physiologic pH in gastrointestinal tract. Taking freshwater Cladocera Moina macrocopa as a model organism, in vivo mapping of its intestinal pH shows an increased pH gradient approximately from 4.2 to 7.8 along the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Rehealable, Sensing, and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule
Authors: Dang Chao , Wang Ming , Yu Jie , Chen Yian , Zhou Shenghui , Feng Xiao , Liu Detao , Qi Haisong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo date, various stretchable conductors have been fabricated, but simultaneous realization of the transparency, high stretchability, electrical conductivity, self‐healing capability, and sensing property through a simple, fast, cost‐efficient approach is still challenging. Here, α‐lipoic acid (LA), a naturally small biological molecule found in humans and animals, is used to fabricate transparent (>85%), electrical conductivity, highly stretchable (strain up to 1100%), and rehealable (mechanical healing efficiency of 86%, electrical healing efficiency of 96%) ionic conductor by solvent‐free one‐step polymerization. Furthermore, the ionic conductors with appealing sensitivity can be served as strain sensors to detect and distinguish various human activities. Notably, this ionic conductor can be fully recycled and reprocessed into new ionic conductors or adhesives by a direct heating process, which offers a promising prospect in great reduction of electronic wastes that have brought acute environmental pollution. In consideration of the extremely facile preparation process, biological available materials, satisfactory functionalities, and full recyclability, the emergence of LA‐based ionic conductors is believed to open up a new avenue for developing sustainable and wearable electronic devices in the future.
Photostationary RGB Selective Reflection from Self‐Organized Helical Superstructures for Continuous Photopatterning
Authors: Qin Lang , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLight‐driven cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are intriguing materials due to the dynamic tuning of their selective reflection, which originates from self‐organized helical superstructures, in response to light. However, CLC systems are restricted to displaying static optically addressed images and need to be initialized or refreshed before every new image can be displayed. Herein, a novel tuning mechanism based on a partial photochemical phase transition is proposed to enable continuous patterning of photostationary red, green, and blue (RGB) colors in a CLC system, which contains nonresponsive chiral dopants and o‐fluoroazobenzenes (Fazo) to serve as the photoswitch. Distinct isomer ratios of Fazo result in precise light‐directed RGB colors for the photostationary states, and, thus, a fixed relationship is established between the light stimulus and the reflection color. Accordingly, the RGB color patterns can be continuously erased and rewritten under light irradiation with different wavelengths. A photocontrollable “Tetris game” is demonstrated for the first time according to the programmable modulation of the CLC reflection, providing a new concept for optically rewritable displays.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanofilm Boiling on Graphene‐Coated Surface
Authors: Tang Yuan‐Zheng , Zhang Xiao‐Guang , Lin Yan , Xue Juan , He Yan , Ma Lian‐Xiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of graphene coating on nanofilm boiling on an atomically smooth surface. Transition of boiling modes from normal evaporation to explosive boiling is observed on both bare and graphene‐coated surfaces. The onset temperature of explosive boiling on the graphene‐coated surface is approximately 170 K, which is extremely close to the value of approximately 160 K on the bare surface. A hydrophobic surface is also artificially fabricated to verify the effect of surface wettability on nanofilm boiling and the significance of graphene coating. The onset temperature of explosive boiling on the hydrophobic surface is much higher than that on the hydrophilic and graphene‐coated surfaces. Additionally, the critical heat flux of the nanofilm boiling on the graphene‐coated surface is slightly lower than that on the bare hydrophilic surface. Results confirm that graphene coating is almost useless, and even harmful to the heat transfer enhancement of the nanofilm boiling.
Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca
Authors: Fischer Jochen , Beckers Sebastian J. , Yiamsawas Doungporn , Thines Eckhard , Landfester Katharina , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanocarrier (NC)‐mediated drug delivery is widely researched in medicine but to date has not been used in agriculture. The first curative NC‐based treatment of the worldwide occurring grapevine trunk disease Esca, with more than 2 billion infected plants causing a loss yearly of $1.5 billion, is presented. To date, only repetitive spraying of fungicides is used to reduce chances of infection. This long‐term treatment against Esca uses minimal amounts of fungicide encapsulated in biobased and biodegradable lignin NCs. A single trunk injection of <10 mg fungicide results in curing of an infected plant. Only upon Esca infection, ligninolytic enzymes, secreted by the Esca‐associated fungi, degrade the lignin NC to release the fungicide. The specific antifungal activity is confirmed in vitro and in planta (in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Portugieser’). All treated plants prove to exhibit significantly fewer symptoms several weeks after treatment, and their condition is monitored for 5 years (2014–2018), proving a long‐term curative effect of this NC treatment. This study proves the efficacy of this NC‐mediated drug delivery for agriculture, using a minimum amount of fungicides. It is believed that this concept can be extended to other plant diseases worldwide to reduce extensive spraying of agrochemicals.
Self‐Powered Bio‐Inspired Spider‐Net‐Coding Interface Using Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Shi Qiongfeng , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman–machine interfaces are essential components between various human and machine interactions such as entertainment, robotics control, smart home, virtual/augmented reality, etc. Recently, various triboelectric‐based interfaces have been developed toward flexible wearable and battery‐less applications. However, most of them exhibit complicated structures and a large number of electrodes for multidirectional control. Herein, a bio‐inspired spider‐net‐coding (BISNC) interface with great flexibility, scalability, and single‐electrode output is proposed, through connecting information‐coding electrodes into a single triboelectric electrode. Two types of coding designs are investigated, i.e., information coding by large/small electrode width (L/S coding) and information coding with/without electrode at a predefined position (0/1 coding). The BISNC interface shows high scalability with a single electrode for detection and/or control of multiple directions, by detecting different output signal patterns. In addition, it also has excellent reliability and robustness in actual usage scenarios, since recognition of signal patterns is in regardless of absolute amplitude and thereby not affected by sliding speed/force, humidity, etc. Based on the spider‐net‐coding concept, single‐electrode interfaces for multidirectional 3D control, security code systems, and flexible wearable electronics are successfully developed, indicating the great potentials of this technology in diversified applications such as human–machine interaction, virtual/augmented reality, security, robotics, Internet of Things, etc.
16q22.1 microdeletion and anticipatory guidance
Authors: Abdullah Sarah , Helal Mayada , Dupuis Lucie , Stavropoulos D. James , Louro Pedro , Ramos Lina , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe widespread availability of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array analysis has led to the discovery of several genomic microdeletion‐associated syndromes and has identified possible genetic causes for patients with previously unexplained clinical features. We report the case of four unrelated patients who share common clinical characteristics, namely failure to thrive, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital anomalies. CGH array analysis revealed that all four patients had a de novo microdeletion at 16q22.1. In this case report, we describe the clinical features of these patients and offer possible explanations for how their 16q22.1 microdeletion may account for their symptoms. We also suggest guidelines for the management of 16q22.1 microdeletion based on the phenotypes seen in our patients and the function of the genes affected by this microdeletion.
An index of Chinese surname distribution and its implications for population dynamics
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Chen Liujun , Liu Yan , Li Xiaomeng , Yuan Yida , Wang Yougui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe propose an index to characterize the key feature of Chinese surname distributions and investigate its implications for population structure and dynamics.Materials and methodsThe surname dataset was obtained from the National Citizen Identity Information Center, which contains 1.28 billion Chinese citizens enrolled in 2007, excluding those of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. An index, the coverage ratio of stretched exponential distribution (CRSED), is proposed based on the crossover point of stretched exponential truncated power‐law distribution, where the stretched exponential term and the power‐law term contribute equally. We use multidimensional scaling technique to demonstrate the dependence of the similarity of one prefecture to the others on the CRSED.ResultsThe CRSEDs of 362 prefectures exhibit an uneven distribution. The consistency of this index is evident by strong positive correlations of CRSEDs at the three administrative levels. This new index has a strong negative correlation with the proportion of the rare surnames. The prefectures with similar CRSEDs tend to adjoin each other on the administrative map, resulting in several distinct regions, each of which shares similar terrain features or historical migrations. The prefectures with lower CRSEDs are more dissimilar to the other prefectures, while the ones with higher CRSEDs are more similar to the others.DiscussionThe population dynamics of the prefectures with higher CRSEDs are more likely dominated by migratory movements, the dominant evolutionary forces of the prefectures with lower CRSEDs can be attributed to drift and mutation.
Facile synthesis of a triptycene‐based porous organic polymer with a high efficiency and recyclable adsorption for organic dyes
Authors: Li Yajing , Wang Haijiang , Zhao Weifeng , Wang Xiaoqin , Shi Yidong , Fan Haojun , Sun Hui , Tan Lin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWater contamination resulting from organic dyes has had severe detrimental effects on human health and environmental tolerance. To address this issue, a delicate strategy for taking host–guest function in porous organic polymers via a facile Friedel–Crafts reaction of triptycene and post‐modification was achieved. By means of this route, a sulfonic acid functionalized triptycene‐based porous organic polymer (TPOP–SO3H) with a hierarchical structure and a desirable Brunauer–Emmett–Teller value of 1002 m2/g was synthesized this study. The TPOP–SO3H material demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue of 97.1 mg/g. Remarkably, an absorption efficiency of more than 90% of TPOP–SO3H was observed even after five cycles. Therefore, such a hierarchical porous organic polymer can be highly recommended as one type of promising material for the treatment of organic dye‐polluted wastewater. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47987.
Adsorption characteristics of monodisperse magnetic cation‐exchange microspheres prepared based on swell‐penetration method
Authors: Jia Bo , Cui Meng‐Jiao , Yang Ceng‐Ceng , Hu Si‐Yu , Lv Yun‐Kai 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA simple swell‐penetration method for the controlled preparation of magnetic polymer microspheres (MPMs) was developed. The polymer microspheres (PMs) were prepared using glycidyl methacrylate as monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as crosslinker. The PMs was functionalized by coupling sulfonate groups, and then formation of the MPMs in the presence of ferrous sulfate by swell‐penetration method. The morphology, size, and magnetic properties of the MPMs were characterized by SEM, using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and by FTIR. The results showed that the average particle size was about 1.1 μm, the surface of the microspheres was smooth, and saturated magnetization was 13.8 emu g−1. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics between bovine serum albumin and the MPMs under the optimized adsorption conditions were investigated. The MPMs were further applied to the selective separation of serum albumin from human whole blood. Simultaneously, the adsorption and separation of melamine from milk using the MPMs was investigated. The MPMs showed promising potential for separation of protein and cationic small molecular compound. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48019.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Tridentate Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Kong Degong , Hu Bowen , Chen Dafa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral cobalt complexes bearing tridentate (NNN) ligands were synthesized and served as precatalysts for alkyne hydrosilylation with Ph2SiH2. For terminal alkynes, the catalyst L2 b‐CoCl2 was selected, and resulted in the corresponding α‐vinylsilanes with high (Markovnikov) regioselectivity and extensive functional‐group tolerance. For internal diaryl alkynes, the catalyst L2 c‐CoCl2 exhibited the best activity, and afforded E‐selective vinylsilanes through syn‐addition in excellent yield under mild conditions.
Green synthesis and bactericidal activities of isotropic and anisotropic spherical gold nanoparticles produced using Peganum harmala L leaf and seed extracts
Authors: Moustafa Nagy E. , Alomari Abdulaziz Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShape, size, and homogeneity affect the biological activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in nanomedicine and catalytic applications. Here we biosynthesized monodispersed isotropic and polydispersed anisotropic spherical AuNPs from leaf and seed extract broths of the medicinal plant Peganum harmala L. (Ph. L). Synthesized AuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IRS), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of AuNPs against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) human pathogens was also assessed. Leaf‐ and seed‐derived AuNPs had characteristic localized surface plasmon resonances of 530 and 578 nm, respectively. TEM, FE‐SEM, EDX, and XRD revealed the formation of elemental face‐centered cubic spherical monodispersed isotropic AuNPs of average size 43.44 nm and polydispersed anisotropic AuNPs of average size 52.04 nm from leaf and seed extract broths, respectively. FT‐IR revealed polyphenols and alcohols as responsible for AuNP capping, reduction, and protection. Anisotropic AuNPs showed no antibacterial activity, whereas isotropic AuNPs showed good inhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus. This represents a simple and ecofriendly protocol for the green synthesis of monodispersed isotropic spherical AuNPs, which may have value in a variety of applications.
A forum where french‐speaking faculty can exchange research on teaching
Authors: Vicens Quentin , Coumoul Xavier , Souciet Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to help promote instructional change at French‐speaking universities in Europe, we initiated a series of 1‐day events centered on learning innovations. Since 2015, these events have been taking place every 6 months at the Université Paris Descartes, with the moral support of three learned scientific societies, the French Academy of Sciences, and sponsoring by leaders in textbook editing and classroom technologies. Each event gathers ~ 40 participants (faculty members, postdocs, and educational specialists) from four countries (Belgium, France, Luxemburg, Switzerland) and invitees, who share their active learning practices, flipped classroom variations representing the most popular strategy. Their experience revealed that faculty who invest themselves in revamping teaching are still isolated at their institutions, although institutional and national support have now been gaining momentum. In particular, the role of educational specialists (known as ingénieurs pédagogiques in France) is key to help faculty move away from lecturing. Overall, our event series illustrates that a hands‐off approach is effective to foster a cross‐border community of committed academics in a context where the process of changing the way we teach at universities is still in its infancy. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):599–606, 2019.
Combined protein A imprinting and cryogelation for production of spherical affinity material
Authors: Aslıyüce Sevgi , Mattiasson Bo , Denizli Adil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCryogels have been demonstrated to be efficient when applied for protein isolation. Owing to their macroporous structure, cryogels can also be used for treating particle‐containing material, e.g. cell homogenates. Another challenging development in protein purification technology is the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). These MIPs are robust and can be used repeatedly. The paper presents a new technology that combine the formation of cryogel beads concomitantly with making imprints of a protein. Protein A was chosen as the print molecule which was also be the target in the purification step. The present paper describes a new method to produce protein‐imprinted cryogel beads. The protein‐imprinted material was characterized and the separation properties were evaluated with regard to both the target protein and whole cells with target protein exposed on the cell surface. The maximum protein A adsorption was 18.1 mg/g of wet cryogel beads. The selectivity coefficient of protein A‐imprinted cryogel beads for protein A was 5.44 and 12.56 times greater than for the Fc fragment of IgG and protein G, respectively.