bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the stress-strain state of the RC beam with the use of DIC
Authors: Kopiika Nadiia , Klym Andriy , Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Katunský Dušan , Popovych Vasyl , Blikharskyy Zinoviy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article presents the results of adapting the digital image correlation method for the possibility of diagnosing reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete (RC) bending elements are the most widely used in construction practice, which determines the importance of reliable estimation of their stress-strain state. The purpose of this study includes reliable theoretical and experimental investigation of the strength and deformability parameters of the RC beam. The experimental study was conducted using digital image correlation and sub-micron contactless gauges. Experimental data was verified with the calculation of the stress-strain state of the RC beam according to DBN V.2.6-98:2009 and Eurocode 2 and the finite-element modelling (FEM). As a result, the values of deflections, concrete and rebar strains were obtained and presented as corresponding diagrams. The results of all the methods are within the same ranges. Also, the form and character of corresponding diagrams are very similar. The indicated deviations were within acceptable limits. It was noted that the theoretical calculation generally provides lower strain values, which is a satisfactory result, as it indicates the bearing capacity reserves provided by the current regulations. The propagation of cracks was monitored during the experiment and the measured cracks opening was compared with theoretical assumptions. Theoretical values are higher than experimental, which shows certain conservativity of valid normative regulations. The experimental and theoretical results were in good correspondence, which confirms their reliability. It was concluded, that the proposed in the study complex theoretic-experimental approach provides essential information about the strength and deformability of the structure.
Numerical analysis and optimization of natural convection heat transfer in inclined square cavities with sinusoidal heating elements
Authors: Hamza Mohammed K. , Mahdi Qusai Adnan , Idzikowski Adam , Mazur Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study presents a numerical analysis of natural convection heat transfer within inclined square cavities featuring sinusoidal heating elements. The analysis, conducted using a finite volume approach implemented in ANSYS 16.0, aims to estimate flow and heat regimes under steady-state conditions. Grid-independent analyses were performed to ensure numerical accuracy. The vertical walls of the enclosure were maintained at a cold temperature, while the other two walls were perfectly insulated. Key parameters investigated include Rayleigh numbers (104, 105, 106), corrugation numbers (3, 5, and 7), amplitude values (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5), and enclosure inclination angles (δ = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°). The sinusoidal element’s diameter to enclosure length ratio was set at 0.4, and fluid properties were assumed constant with a Prandtl number of 7.0. Results were illustrated using isothermal and flow lines, with heat transfer discussed in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers. Findings indicate that at Ra = 106, local Nusselt numbers exhibited a sinusoidal distribution influenced by corrugation and amplitude, with a 50% increase in local Nusselt number as amplitude increased from 0.1 to 0.5. Average Nusselt number enhancements were observed with higher corrugation numbers and wave amplitudes, while the number and size of eddies were sensitive to Rayleigh numbers. Enclosure inclination significantly affected the formation of vortices, particularly at angles of 60° and 75°.
Riots, Civil Resistance, and External Intervention in the Failed 2022 Kazakhstan Revolution
Authors: Anisin Alexei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research on revolution commonly focuses on successful regime transition. While useful for understanding historical change, analyses of positive outcomes tend to select on the dependent variable. This study turns attention to a negative case in the context of Kazakhstan—a polity that had experienced political stability for three decades until a small-scale set of protests against fuel prices spread nationally. Protesters implemented a heterogeneous collection of strategies ranging from civil disobedience to unarmed violence and violence. Key political structures and institutions were taken over including state buildings, police stations, as well as an international airport. In response, the government utilized severe state repression which failed and led to the incumbent calling upon the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) to intervene with troops. In spite of achieving tactical advantages and spurring defection, the movement was suppressed by the CSTO which can be attributed to disorganization and a lack of unified leadership.
Study on Effects of Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome on Construction Workers in Oman
Authors: Palathoti Suvarnaraju , Al-Qaidi Ms Moza , Otitolaiye Victor Olabode 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The prolonged exposure of construction industry workers to various vibrating equipment gives rise to hand-arm vibration syndrome (HVS). Due to its growing incidence among construction workers, researchers have sought to examine its presence, prevalence, and potential impacts in various locations across the world. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome on construction workers in selected construction sites in Oman.
Methods: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design approach to achieve the study objective. A Google form questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was distributed to gather, analyze, and sample the responses of 40 construction workers.
Results: The results revealed that the workers at the selected construction site are largely young, between the ages of 20-25 (38% of the responses), and able-bodied males (100%) who displayed full knowledge and awareness of the nature, symptoms, and effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome. The most common symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome were vibration of white fingers, painful numbness in hands and arms, and musculoskeletal pains, as reported by 72% of the workers, whereas pain and sleep disturbance, reduced or inability to do work safely in cold conditions were termed the most prominent effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study findings support the potential for an effective elimination or reduction of hand-arm vibration syndrome in construction work environments by the implementation of good occupational safety and personal health procedures. The findings of the study also underline other preventive measures that could help tackle the challenges posed by hand-arm vibration syndrome, thus underpinning the study's objective
Bath salt use in the military: Experiences with synthetic cathinone use among justice-involved Veterans
Authors: Stogner John , Santangelo Orion , Baldwin Julie Marie 
Published: November 2024

LAY SUMMARY Drugs called bath salts were created to mimic illegal stimulants. These synthetic drugs were briefly sold legally, but their largest appeal may have been to individuals who wanted a cocaine- or methamphetamine-like high without the same risk of detection. Since individuals in the military are subject to frequent urine tests for cocaine and methamphetamine, it was suggested they may disproportionately use bath salts (along with other oft-tested groups like athletes and individuals on probation). This study used interviews with 312 Veterans to test that assumption and found bath salt use was relatively rare even among Veterans with extensive drug use histories. Veterans did not substitute bath salts for other stimulants to avoid positive urine tests. Use was described as very brief, and the drug was found to be overly powerful and similar to cocaine, but users did not select bath salts because they were less likely to get caught. Military drug testing programs did not lead Veterans to experiment with newer, potentially more dangerous substances.
A question of oversight: A naturalistic study of military Veteran perspectives on outreach events and readjustment resources
Authors: Rattray Nicholas A. , Baird Sean A. , Natividad Diana , Spontak Katrina , Do Ai-Nghia , Frankel Richard , True Gala 
Published: November 2024

LAY SUMMARY This study looked at how U.S. military Veterans view events aiding their move to civilian life. The authors talked to Veterans to learn their thoughts on finding help for readjustment. Using a natural approach, three themes were found. First, Veterans worried about jobs, housing, and family after the military. They liked support but felt a gap between needs and information, and were overwhelmed by repetitive, one-size-fits-all approaches. Second, Veterans struggled to share personal information because of stigma, distrust, and civilian confusion. They wanted safe spaces among fellow Veterans to talk about sensitive topics and talked about knowing their rights. Third, transitioning Veterans aimed for new personal and work networks. Some had trouble with family adjustments versus new connections. Guides who understood challenges were important. Experts said that to improve events, add peer support and treat mental health. Findings show tailored approaches for transitioning Veterans’ unique issues. Research highlights available resources, but Veterans say they need better delivery for individual support during military-to-civilian transition.
Help seeking for self-reported alcohol problems among serving and ex-serving personnel: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gribble Rachael , Stevelink Sharon A.M. , Spanakis Panagiotis , Goodwin Laura , Fear Nicola T. 
Published: November 2024

LAY SUMMARY Prior research has found low levels of help seeking for alcohol problems among serving and ex-serving military populations. This study aimed to understand what factors were associated with help seeking for self-reported alcohol problems among serving and ex-serving UK military personnel. It was found that help seeking for alcohol problems among Veterans and serving personnel remains low. Although fewer than 10% of participants self-reported alcohol problems, more than 70% did not seek help for this issue. Formal medical services were the most accessed form of support when seeking help but were less likely to be used by those with current alcohol problems. Future research should prioritize understanding pathways to help seeking and target stigma regarding accessing clinical support among both serving and ex-serving personnel.
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a differentiator between acute ischemic & hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Rahim Md Abdur , Rahman Md Maruf Ur , Nayem Mohammad , Mollah Forhadul Hoque 
Published: November 2024

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed country after cancer & ischemic heart disease. It is also one of the leading causes of death in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several studies have been done on stroke. But the difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke on the basis of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level has not been yet studied in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differentiating role of CRP level between ischemic & hemorrhagic stroke patient in Bangladeshi population. A cross sectional prospective study was performed on 50-stroke patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2006 to December 2007. The study subjects were divided into ischemic & hemorrhagic groups on the basis of CT scan report. Serum CRP & Lipid profile was determined by standard method. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. Mann whitney. U test was done to see the level of significance. The study showed that mean serum CRP level was 9.69 mg/L that was higher than normal subjects & serum CRP level is 3.25 mg/L in ischemic & 13.05 mg/L in hemorrhagic stroke patient. The present study showed that serum CRP level is higher in hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke. The study revealed that serum CRP level is a differentiator between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients & helps the physician to take necessary management plan.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2013; 19 (01): 39-42
Pemanfaatan Panel Surya dan Light Control Berbasis Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR) pada Penerangan Jalan Di RW 12 Desa Landungsari Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Eryk Irwan Heryanto , M. Noor Hidayat  , Ferdian Ronilaya  , Sapto Wibowo  , Ika Noer Syamsiana  
Published: November 2024

: Instalasi panel surya menjadi suatu keniscayaan dalam pemanfaatan energy bersih dan renewable, mengingat energi matahari merupakan energi yang cukup besar tersedia dan ramah lingkungan. Remaja sebagai penerus generasi green Energgy dituntut untuk dapat menggunakan energy tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sehingga dibutuhkan pengenalan awal dan dasar pengetahuan pemanfaatan energi matahari sebagai sumber energi listrik.
Salah satu pemanfaatan Sel Surya adalah sebagai sumber energy untuk system pencahayaan. Pemanfaatan sel surya sebagai sumber energi pada lampu-lampu berbasis LED pada saat pemadaman PLN pada malam hari sangat diperlukan pada pos-pos siskamling dan beberapa jalan protokol di wilayah RW 12. Sehingga meskipun PLN padam saat malam hari, warga masih dapat melakukan aktifitas di luar rumah dengan penerangan yang cukup.
Lampu LED ini dilengkapi sensor PIR yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi objek bergerak, jika tidak ada objek bergerak, lampu akan diredupkan untuk menghemat energy dan akan menyala full pada saat mendeteksi objek bergerak dengan jarak lebih kurang 10 meter. Lampu ini menggunakan LED SMD 3030 dengan color temperature 6500 K, nilai lumen 4500, dan efikasi pencahayaan 104 lm/watt.
Erupsi Gigi Incisivus Pertama Permanen pada Anak Down Syndrome menurut Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Marjianto Agus , Ulfah Siti Fitria 
Published: November 2024

<p align="center"><em>The growth and development of teeth in each individual is different and not simultaneous. Assessment of tooth maturation can be determined by tooth eruption. Permanent tooth eruption occurs gradually with age. Eruption of permanent incisor teeth is an early indicator of a child's growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the eruption time of the first permanent incisor teeth reviewed from the age of children with down syndrome. This study applied a cross-sectional design involving 51 children with down syndrome who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by examining the oral cavity and then recorded in an odontogram table. Furthermore, an analysis of differences in tooth eruption based on gender was carried out using an independent samples t-test. The results showed that the average eruption of the first permanent incisor teeth in males was 8.225, while in females it was 4.63. The results of the difference test showed a p value = 0.000. Based on the results of the analysis, it could be concluded that the eruption of the first permanent incisor teeth in children with down syndrome is different between males and females. Femaless teeth experience eruption of first permanent incisors earlier.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: tooth eruption; first permanent incisors; down syndrome; girls</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>AB</strong><strong>STRAK</strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi geligi pada setiap individu adalah berbeda dan tidak bersamaan. Penilaian maturasi gigi dapat ditentukan dengan erupsi gigi. Erupsi gigi permanen terjadi bertahap sejalan dengan bertambahnya usia. Erupsi gigi incisivus permanen merupakan indikator awal pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis waktu erupsi gigi incisivus pertama permanen ditinjau dari usia pada anak dengan <em>down syndrome</em>. Penelitian ini menerapkan rancangan <em>cross-sectional</em> dengan melibatkan 51 anak dengan <em>down syndrom</em>e yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan pemeriksaan rongga rongga mulut lalu dicatat pada tabel odontogram. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis perbedaan erupsi gigi berdasarkan jenis kelamin menggunakan <em>independent samples t-test</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata erupsi gigi incisivus pertama permanen pada laki-laki adalah 8,225, sedangkan pada permpuan adalah 4,63<strong>. </strong>Hasil uji perbedaan menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa erupsi gigi incisivus pertama permanen pada anak dengan <em>down syndrome</em> berbeda antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Anak perempuan gigi mengalami erupsi incisivus pertama permanen lebih awal.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: erupsi gigi; incisivus pertama permanen;<em> down syndrome; </em><em>perempuan</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Real-time adaptive cancellation of TENS feedback artifact on sEMG for prosthesis closed-loop control
Authors: Lee Byungwook , Kim Kyung-Soo , Cho Younggeol 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe prosthetic hand has been aimed to restore hand functions by estimating the user’s intention via bio-signal and providing sensory feedback. Surface electromyogram (sEMG) is a widely used signal, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a promising method for sensory feedback. However, TENS currents can transmit through the skin and interfere as noise with the sEMG signals, referred to as “Artifact,” which degrades the performance of intention estimation.MethodIn this paper, we proposed an adaptive artifact removal method that can cancel artifacts separately across different frequencies and pulse widths of TENS. The modified least-mean-square adaptive filter uses the mean of previous artifacts as reference signals, and compensate using prior information of TENS system. Also temporal separation for artifact discrimination is applied to achieve high artifact removal efficiency. Four sEMG signals—two from flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris—was collected to validate signals both offline and online experiments.Results and DiscussionWe validated the filtering performance with twelve participants performing two experiments: artifact cancellation under variable conditions and a real-time hand control simulation called the target reaching experiment (TRE). The result showed that the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) increased by an average of 10.3dB, and the performance of four TRE indices recovered to the levels similar to those without TENS. The proposed method can significantly improve signal quality via artifact removal in the context of sensory feedback through TENS in prosthetic systems.
How and why instructors use open access lessons
Authors: Noyes Keenan , Treibergs Kira , Burbach Sara M. , Stetzer MacKenzie R. , Smith Michelle K. , Couch Brian A. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionOpen educational resources (OERs) provide instructors access to no-cost lesson materials they can incorporate into their courses. OER lessons can promote the use of innovative and evidence-based educational practices in biology education. Prior research suggests that teaching strategies are often implemented in different ways which can impact student learning. However, few studies have explored how OER lessons are modified to fit their local context.MethodsWe used the teacher-curriculum framework to understand how and why instructors modify these materials. Additionally, we explored how these materials supported instructors in enacting national priorities from Vision and Change. We surveyed 139 instructors who implemented lessons published in CourseSource, a peer-reviewed journal specifically designed to share OERs.ResultsWe found that the majority of instructors who used the lesson materials (e.g., slides, worksheets, assessments, protocols) did so without making substantial modifications, in contrast with prior research. Furthermore, we found that these materials were particularly helpful in incorporating student-centered teaching practices, like group work or discussions, sometimes for the first time.DiscussionThese insights into what instructors value in lesson materials can inform OER publishing guidelines so that these materials best meet instructional needs.
Immunoinformatic design of a multivalent vaccine against Brucella abortus and its evaluation in a murine model using a DNA prime-protein boost strategy
Authors: Molina Raúl E. , Osorio Alberto , Flores-Concha Manuel , Gómez Leonardo A. , Alvarado Ilse , Ferrari Italo , Oñate Angel 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe development of effective vaccines against Brucella abortus is critical due to its significant impact on human and animal health. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate in silico and in vivo a multivalent vaccine based on the immunogenic potential of three selected open reading frames (ORFs) of Brucella.MethodsThe designed construct, named S22, was analyzed in silico to evaluate its physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity. This construct was modeled and subjected to molecular dynamics analysis. Additionally, the antigenicity and protection induced by this construct was evaluated through In vivo assays immunizing BALB/c mice with protein (S22), DNA (pVS22) and combining both vaccine formats using a prime boost immunization strategy.ResultsAll bioinformatics analyses showed safe and high quality structural features, revealing favorable interactions between S22 and the TLR4/MD2 complex. Moreover, results from in vivo assays indicated that the S22 protein induced robust levels of IgG1 and IgG2a, suggesting a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response. The DNA construct (pVS22) elicited primarily a Th1 response, whereas the use of a prime boost strategy, which combines both formats resulted in a balanced immune response with significant induction of lymphoproliferation and elevated.DiscussionAlthough our assays did not demonstrate the induction of a substantial protective response against B. abortus, this construct was capable of inducing immunogenicity. This study highlights the utility of in silico design for predicting and optimizing candidate vaccines and underscores the potential of using strategies such as prime boost, which incorporate antigens of different biological nature to modulate the immune response, while balancing parameters such as stability of the antigens and the cost of production.