bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„WĘGIERSKI ŚLAD”.Z WIOSNY LUDÓW (1848-1849) NA OBSZARZE KORONY ŚW. STEFANA DO POLSKIEGO POWSTANIA (1863-1863), CZ. I
Authors: Buława Adam 
Published: September 2018

During the Spring of Nations in the lands of the Crown of St. Stefan (1848-1849) traditional ties of friendship, with the possibility of a military confrontation occurring with one, two invaders attracted a large crowd of Polish volunteers for the formation of the Hungarian honveds. About 4,000 Poles were fighting directly in the ranks of the revolutionary army, and enrolled to the national legions under the command of Generals Joseph Wysocki alongside the Transylvanian Army Fieldmarshal Joseph Bem. Among them, about 20 individuals who will be later on commanders of the guerrilla armed troops of the January Uprising (1863-1864). For this reason, it is worth recalling the experience that the military group acquired during the battles for the Hungarian Plain, Slovakia, Bukovina, Moldavia, Banat, Backa and Transylvania.
Troska o chorych w klasztorach starożytnych w świetle wybranych reguł monastycznych
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is the attempt to answer the question of how Eastern and Western monastic rules normalized the life of those who were ill in ancient monasteries. Did they have among their brothers or sisters some special status? Who were responsible for the sick in the monastery and how hey were responsible for the care of the ill? In this regard, monastic rules are an interesting and unique source of information about activities undertaken to care for ill members of the monastic community. In this regard 7 monastic rules were identified and analyzed. These rules were written in different regions of the contemporary world: Egypt, North Africa, Gaul, Italy and Spain. One was written during IV and VII of century andthey concern monks and consecrated women. Each rule deals with the care of the sick those from among the brothers or sisters with a designated role in caring for the sick. These were usually nurses and cellarers. Some rules determined personality traits required. The general supervision over the care of the sick was entrusted to superior of the monastery. Separate rooms or the cells were identified for the sick, sometimes the dining room, the storeroom or the kitchen. All rules seek to ease for the ill requirements concerning of the consumption of meals, fasts, and hygiene needs. They should, if able, perform lighter duties.
Why was astrology criticised in the Middle Ages? Contribution to further research (on the basis of selected treaties of professors of the University of Krakow in the 15th century).
Authors: Konarska-Zimnicka Sylwia 
Published: September 2018

People have always been interested in distant, mysterious celestial bodies. Astrologers who explored the mysteries of the study of the stars and planets wanted to read them as predictions of future events. Astrological practices were often seen as bordering of magic, whichto a large extent influenced the negative perception of this area of study and its supporters, even though astrologers were employed at the kings’ and bishops’ courts, and even at the papal court. The relationship of astrology with occult sciences, which were regarded as sinful and heretical, led to the situation when its proponents were subject to accusations. Particular attention was paid to the fact that the belief in the influence of heavenly bodies on the events taking place in the sublunary world undermines the foundation of the Christian religion, i.e. the dogma of the free will of man. This and other charges constituted a kind of a “catalogue of allegations” that were made against astrology and astrologers throughout the Middle Ages.
"Arbitrzy i nie tylko...". Duchowni na kartach księgi ławniczej miasta Płocka w latach 1489-1517
Authors: Graczyk Waldemar 
Published: September 2018

There are nineteen clerics on the pages of the Plock’s book of assessors in the years 1489-1517. There were primarily associated with the local church environment. Their involvement as arbiters in conflicts is evident; they are also present as the executors of the testaments or the addressee of testament legate, the contractors of acts of buy-sell, the holders of deposits or prudent guardians looking after goods of the Church. The inscription in the Plock’s book of assessors in which we see the clergy, lead to the conclusion that the local representatives of the Church enjoyed trust and authority among the local people.
Stefan IV Młody- nieznana karta z dziejów relacji polsko-mołdawskich w XVI wieku
Authors: Kozieł Patryk 
Published: September 2018

This Article is devoted to Polish-Moldavian relations during the reign of Stephen IV of Moldavia. This theme played out in the Polish historiography in a completely marginal role. In the studies we find only a brief mention of this ruler. Meanwhile, his reign fell on hard times during Turkish expansion in the Balkans and Moldova barely defended the remnants of a self independence. For Poland, this region played a key role against the threat of Tatars and in the context of the Black Sea trade. That is why King Sigismund the Old wanted to keep its influence in Moldavia and save it for annexation by Turkey. These attempts, however, faced a number of obstacles which can be read in the article.
Jana Kalwina zarys nauki o Kościele w świetle Institutio Religionis Christianae z 1543r.
Authors: Wodziński Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

One of the main postulates of the reformation movement, apart from the theological questions, was a proposal of the internal reform of the church institution. The Father of the Reformation,as Rev. Martin Luther is called in the source literature, raised the questions concerning the mission of the Church, its role in the magisterium, and also and perhaps above all its hierarchical structure and about the role of the clergy in the process of the eternal salvation. As a result of his reflections and probably his observations and his own experiences Luther undermined in succession different dogmatic, theological questions as well as those regarding the organization of the Roman Catholic Church. Slogans of renewal and reforms of the church structure spread very rapidly through the territory of German Reich, gaining numerous supporters among European nations. One of those for whom the Reformation ideas became the main field of activity was French man John Calvin. That well-rounded, well educated and well-read lawyer, knowing the main works of the German monk, acquired his principal theses postulating the changes in the functioning of the Church. Additionally, Calvin made a division of the Church between the earthly – the visible and the heavenly – the invisible one, and the person who bonds it, guarantees its unity and permanency, the indivisibility is the only and the highest Priest – Jesus Christ. In the work of his life Institucio Religionis Christianae Calvin embodied a full picture of the Christian Church as, in his opinion, it should be. Analysing particular issues regarding the function of the clergymen, the pope, celebrating the sacraments, penance and conversion, and also the eternal salvation, we are given the basic compendium of knowledge concerning the ecclesiology by John Calvin. His teaching about the Church, although in some points different in from the preaching of Rev. Martin Luther, however oscillates within the principal slogans of Reformation: Sola Fides –the man is saved solely by faith, Sola Gratia – God’s grace is necessary for salvation, Sola Scriptura – the only source of faith is the Holy Bible. He also added the idea: Solus Christus – only Christ saves, He is in the centre of The Church, we can observe Calvin’s Christ centred attitude in his preaching and in building ideological basics of the reformed denomination.
Kaplice św. Kazimierza i Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny przy katedrze wileńskiej oczami karmelitanek bosych - nierozpoznane źródło z 1638 roku
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia 
Published: September 2018

The article recalls a source from 1638 which has hitherto not been referred to in the subject-matter literature, concerning the history of two chapels at the cathedral in Vilnius: the chapel of St. Casimir founded by King Zygmunt III, and the chapel of the Immaculate Conception which was furnished as a burial chapel by Bishop Eustachy Wołłowicz (lit. Eustachijus Valavičius). The source is a diary from travels from Lublin to Vilnius (14 November –26 December 1638) written by Carmelite nuns when going to a new monastery founded byStefan Pac (lit. Steponas Pacas) and his wife Anna Maria Ancilia née Rudomina–Dusiacka (lit. Ona Marija Ancilia Rudomina-Dusiackaitė). The memoirs were written by a nun, Mary Magdalene (Anna Żaboklicka) who described various aspects of their journeys as well asa visit to the Vilnius Cathedral organised by the Pac family. The nuns were particularly impressed by the chapel of St. Casimir. Thanks to the fact that the nun described the chapel in detail, it was possible to reconstruct the subjects of some paintings by Bartłomiej Strobel, and to additionally interpret several facts connected with the appearance of the altar with the reliquary of St. Casimir. Even though the description of the chapel of Bishop Eustachy Wołłowicz is not as detailed, it should be underlined that by inviting the nuns there, the Pac family wanted to emphasise their kinship with the monarch of Vilnius, who was commonly highly regarded.
Jacek (Hiacynt) Boratyński- podczaszy żydaczowski i porucznik husarski w dobie wojen polsko-tureckich w drugiej połowie XVII wieku. Studium z zawodu żołnierskiego
Authors: Hundert Zbigniew 
Published: September 2018

Through the whole of his military career, Jacek Boratyński served with one formation – winged hussars (husaria). Between 1666 and 1676 he was a companion (towarzysz) in two hussars’ banners (companies): initially in one of Aleksander Michał Lubomirski, voivode of Cracow, then after 1668 in the one of Jan Sobieski, grand marshal and grand Crown (Polish) hetman (and since 1674 king as Jan III). Then in 1676 he became lieutenant in the hussars’ banner of Jan Gniński, voivode of Chełmno (since 1682 Crown vice-chancellor). In such capacity, as officer of Polish lancers, he took part in Gniński’s embassy to Istanbul (1677–1678) and in relief of Vienna in 1683. He was part of the group of soldiers that were under patronage of grand Crown hetman Stanisław Jabłonowski. Between 1676 and 1696 (exact date unknown) Boratyński was one of the commanders in charge of hetman’s regiment (pułk) of cavalry. Thanks to military service and patronage, especially from Gniński’s side, he received land office ranks – first cup-bearer (cześnik) of Sanok, then deputy cup-bearer (podczaszy) of Żydaczów. His military service is very good benchmark for biographical studies of other Crown officers of the same rank.
Zjawiska niecodzienne, klęski elementarne i przemarsze wojsk w Wielkopolsce w XVII i XVIII w. i ich wpływ na funkcjonowanie klasztoru benedyktynek w Poznaniu w świetle Kronik Benedyktynek Poznańskich
Authors: Lewandowska Ada 
Published: September 2018

The Monastery in Poznań was founded in 1607 by Magdalena Mortęska – the reformer of the Benedictine Order. By analysing the monastic cornicles, the author wanted to show the influence of extra-ordinary events in Greater Poland and Poznan in 17th and 18th Century onlife of enclosed nuns. The article describes what changed when people visited the monastery, what life of nuns looked like during epidemics, floods and other disasters that took place in Greater Poland. The influence of wars and quartering foreign armies in the city of Poznan on life of nuns in the Benedictine Monastery was also included.
Kontakty interpersonalne staropolskich podróżników stanu duchownego
Authors: Rok Bogdan 
Published: September 2018

The text presents different types of interpersonal contacts in the course of the journey based on Polish clergymen’s travel reports from the 18th century. The clergy establish numerous contacts primarily with other encountered travelers of their state. Also, information about meetings with peregrines and people on subsequent stages of the journey can be found. Interesting, contacts include Poles and important people of that time. It is important to emphasize the assertiveness of clergy travelers and their openness towards representatives of foreign nations.
The thunderbolt as a Sign of God in Orosius’ Seven Books of History against the Pagans
Authors: Skibiński Tomasz 
Published: September 2018

In the preface to the “Seven Books of History against the Pagans” Orosius announces that he will present different disasters which affected mankind throughout history, and mentions among them thunderbolt strikes. The article aims at analysing the descriptions of this phenomenonfrom the point of view of their circumstances, time, results and meanings. The study shows that although the circumstances are different, it was always God who sent down the lightning strikes and spoke through them. Orosius dedicates a lot of attention to the sacking of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 AD, which ended also with a lightning strike. The analysisof this and of other descriptions shows Orosius’ vision of history and the temporal order based on the power of Rome and faith in the true God.
Skryptoria klasztorne i średniowieczne ustawodawstwo cysterskie o książce
Authors: Marszalska Jolanta Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

The oldest book which was on the territory of the early Piast in the second half of the tenth century derived, comes from the Benedictine scriptoria from the area of Bavaria, Saxony, Rhineland and Lorraine and contained the biblical texts and established liturgical canon necessary for the celebration of the Mass. Preserved from the twelfth century regulations of Cistercian chapters which decided that in each monastery there should be: missal, epistolary, Gospel Book, gradual, antiphonary, liber hymnarius, psaltery, lectionary and calendar. These regulations made the copywriter’s work particularly important. The importance attributed to their work is attested to, for example, by their release by the General Chapter of the Order from other dutiesin favor of the monastery, and by the permission in some cases to work at night. In Cistercian scriptoria apart from copying of the liturgical texts, the memorials so-called libri virorum et mortuorum, there were preparing documents for the current administrative and economic work of the monastery; in addition there were writing yearbooks, obituaries, monastery chronicles or epitaphs poem. There were recording notes of daily life outside the walls of the enclosure,names and functions of friars particularly events that took place away from the monastery or notes about elementary disasters happening in the proximate areas, the damages of monastery caused by floods, fires or epidemics. The preserved manuscript codes are an priceless source for learning the minds, interpersonal relationships prevailing in the small communities, their relations with their nearest surrounding and medieval way of seeing the world.
Zaślubiny w Polsce średniowiecznej
Authors: Wojciechowska Beata 
Published: September 2018

Marriage was an important moment in the lives of two people who decided to establish a family and enter into new family and neighbourhood arrangements. In the Middle Ages, Polish wedding ceremonies were given a ritual form. Sacred tradition merged with newer Christian content and marriage was recognized as a sacrament which symbolically emphasized the importance of events and was supposed to provide future happiness for the newlyweds. The wedding ceremony was preceded by three public announcements in church. It was laid down that the ceremony be held in church and with witnesses. The main elements were the handshake, the exchange of gifts in the form of wreaths, rings or other gifts, and the words spoken: I take you to be my husband/wife.
Prevalencia de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, pacientes de 6 a 12 años, Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral, durante el período noviembre 2016- abril 2017
Authors: Morillo Zuleika , Guzmán Deseado S. 
Published: September 2018

El propósito del estudio es conocer de forma clara y objetiva la prevalencia de los pacientes atendidos en la consulta de psiquiatría de este centro hospitalario, además de determinar los especificadores, los motivos de consulta, los factores de riesgo y la evolución de los pacientes. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad, constituye un problema de salud para nuestro país, por lo que resulta relevante investigar sobre su prevalencia, los factores asociados y su evolución. En la actualidad el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un problema de alta incidencia en los centros educativos y debido a sus características genera repercusiones educativas de consideración que interfieren con el proceso de adaptación y aprendizaje de los niños.Metodología Para determinar el grado de prevalencia se utilizaron escalas y entrevistas estructuradas y se siguieron los criterios del DSM5 para realizar las presunciones diagnósticas y establecer los subtipos en las edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años.Resultados La prevalencia que se obtuvo fue de un 7.6 %, predominando las edades ubicadas en el rango de 6 a 8 años, siendo más frecuente en el sexo masculino y en la presencia de factores de riesgo como tabaco, alcohol, prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer y nivel socioeconómico bajo.
FENOMENA GUGUR DAUN SEKUNDER DI WILAYAH SUMATERA UTARA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI KARET
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Tistama Radite , Atminingsih Atminingsih , Fairuzah Zaida , Rachmawan Arief , Darojat Muhammad Rizqi , Andriyanto Mochlisin 
Published: September 2018

Fenomena gugur daun sekunder dialami kebun-kebun di wilayah Sumatera pada tahun 2017. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab fenomena gugur daun berulang serta dampaknya terhadap produksi. Data diperoleh melalui survei lapangan, pengamatan di laboratorium serta analisis data curah hujan dan produksi bertujuan dari 35 titik pengamatan pada areal tanaman menghasilkan dari 20 kebun di wilayah Sumatera Utara yang dilaksanakan bulan September – Oktober 2017. Curah hujan yang tinggi pada bulan Maret diduga menjadi pemicu serangan penyakit gugur daun secara luas karena pada periode ini tanaman sedang membentuk daun baru. Colletotrichum dan Fusicoccum merupakan penyakit yang dominan yang dijumpai, sedangkan Oidium ditemukan dalam skala kecil. Klon PB 260 merupakan klon yang paling banyak mengalami serangan. Serangan juga dijumpai pada klon PB 330, PB 340, RRIM 712, RRIM 911, dan RRIM 937. Penurunan produksi sebesar 1,3% dijumpai pada serangan Colletotrichum dan 2,7% akibat Fusicoccum. Penurunan produksi tertinggi terjadi pada PB 330 (14,4%) kemudian disusul berturut-turut pada klon klon BPM 1 (14,0%), PB 340 (10,8%), RRIM 712 (9,9%), dan RRIM 937 (1,5%). Teknis pencegahan dan penanggulangan serangan penyakit gugur daun mendesak untuk disosialisasikan kepada pekebun. Di samping itu, penelitian mengenai spesies dan ras baru patogen gugur daun perlu dilakukan terutama Fusicoccum mengingat penyakit ini tergolong baru di Indonesia dan belum banyak terpublikasi.
Partear y cuidar en Buenos Aires (1877-1920). Una aproximación comparativa.
Authors: Martin Ana Laura 
Published: September 2018

Este artículo indagará sobre dos tareas realizadas casi exclusivamente por mujeres, la enfermería y la partería. Ambos oficios, entre el siglo XIX y XX, atravesaron un proceso de consolidación como tareas específicas en el esquema cada vez más jerarquizado de las profesiones médicas y vinculadas a la atención de la salud. En la ciudad de Buenos Aires el parto y el cuidado dejaron de ser actos individuales o de interés exclusivo de quienes necesitaban asistencia para convertirse en preocupaciones de otro orden, vinculadas con la higiene de la ciudad, la salud de la población y, en definitiva, el destino de la raza y de la Nación. De este modo, cuidar y partear, desarrollaron sus definiciones primeras que las encuadraron entre oficios calificados. En su versión moderna, ambas labores requerían algún tipo de capacitación y suponían un saber específico que las diferenciaba de las versiones previas, de las antiguas comadronas y de los improvisados cuidados inexpertos que ponían en peligro la vida de los niños, de las madres y de la población en general. Aquí se analizarán de manera comparativa los proyectos calificadores que involucraron a ambas tareas y los reposicionamientos que esto implicó para sus agentes. En el mismo sentido, se analizará el lugar que ocuparon los cuidados expertos y la atención de los partos en el sistema de atención de la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
Epistemología del Sur
Authors: Santos Boaventura De Sousa 
Published: September 2018

Conferencia a cargo del Dr. Boaventura de Sousa Santos en el acto de entrega del título Doctor Honoris Causa de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Gentileza del Departamento de Sociología 13 de abril de 2016. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. UNLP.
Traducción Álvaro Bretal
Kontribusi Kekuatan Otot Lengan Dan Kelenturan Terhadap Hasil Belajar Praktek Gerakan Ratslag Senam Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek UIR T.A. 2013/2014
Authors: Daharis Daharis 
Published: September 2018

Berdasarkan pengamatan penulis di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa masih rendahnya hasil belajar praktek senam ratslag.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kontribusi kekuatan otot lengan dan kelenturan terhadap hasil belajar gerakan ratslag senam mahasiswa penjaskesrek UIR T. A. 2013/2014. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan kelenturan terhadap hasil belajar praktek senam mahasiswa Penjas. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 50 orang sampel diambil secara total sampling. Data diperoleh dengan pengukuran terhadap variabel yang saling berhubungan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah bersifat korelasional yang bertujuan untuk melihat Kontribusi antara variabel yaitu: variabel bebas adalah Kekuatan otot lengan (X1) dan kelenturan (X2), sedangkan variabel terikatnya yaitu hasil belajar praktek senam mahasiswa Penjaskesrek UIR TA.2013/2014. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kekuatan otot lengan memberikan kontribusi terhadap hasil belajar praktek gerakan ratslag senam mahasiswa penjaskesrek UIR yaitu sebesar 64%,(2) Kelenturan memberikan kontribusi hasil belajar praktek gerakan ratslag yaitu sebesar 0.64%. (3) Kekuatan otot lengan dan kelenturan memberikan kontribusi secara bersama-sama dengan hasil belajar praktek gerakan ratslag senam mahasiswa Penjaskesrek UIR, yaitu sebesar 32,49%.