bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Epigenetic Alterations Involved in Sepsis: An Overview
Authors: Hassan Fatima Ismail , Didari Tina , Khan Fazlullah , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Sepsis is among the leading causes of death with no specific etiology or treatment. Increase
in health burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality is the reason behind the continuous search for
different treatment modalities which involve several targets/approach and one of them includes the involvement
of epigenetics in sepsis.

Objective:
This review was carried out to explain the epigenetic alterations involved in sepsis, as it affects the
disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment.

Methods:
Information used in this review was obtained from different databases including PUBMED, SCOPUS,
Web of Science, and EMBASE. Keywords were used as search terms.

Result:
In this review, we provided a concise overview of the significant role of epigenetic alterations in sepsis
pathophysiology as it relates to disease progression, diagnosis and treatment derived from in vitro, in vivo, and
human studies. These mechanisms affected various targets and pathways involved in sepsis modulation, which
correlates with morbidity and mortality. Change in DNA methylation pattern, histone modification, and microRNA
regulation has been shown in sepsis models to silence or activate pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF-α
and interleukins, anti-oxidant enzymes, and many signaling pathways. Drugs that target these pathways have
proven effective in sepsis treatment.

Conclusion:
Epigenetic processes involve specific enzymes detected in the blood and other body fluids which can
potentially serve as diagnostic, therapeutic, as well as prognostic tools in sepsis. Epigenetic mechanisms can
provide a highly sensitive and accurate method for sepsis diagnosis using blood and other body fluids.
Burnout Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Brazilian Medical Students
Authors: Barbosa Mariana Linhares , Ferreira Bárbara Lopes Rodrigues , Vargas Thaís Nunes , Ney da Silva George Martins , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Machado Sergio , Caixeta Leonardo 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
This study aims to identify the prevalence of burnout and associated factors in Brazilian medical students.

Methods:
In the largest medical school from Central Brazil, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and a socio-demographic questionnaire were adopted in this cross-sectional study. Correlations among the three dimensions of burnout were verified.

Results:
The evaluation of 399 students revealed a frequency of 12.0% of burnout. Women had a higher rate of burnout (8.0%) than men (4.0%). The fifth period had the higher frequency of burnout (27.1%), while the seventh grade had the lower frequency (2.1%). The students showed high scores only in emotional exhaustion (63.2%). Between the dimensions “emotional exhaustion” and “disbelief” found a significant correlation.

Conclusion:
The fifth period of the Medicine course and the female gender are the most affected by burnout syndrome and therefore, the preventive actions to reduce stress among medical students should be directed mainly at these higher risk categories. The low burnout rate found in our study can attest that the PBL methodology and medical schools strategically located to meet regional demand may represent strategies for the prevention of burnout among medical students.
Management of Chronic and Gestational Hypertension of Pregnancy: A Guide for Primary Care Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Spiro Leah , Scemons Donna 
Published: September 2018

Aim:
The aim of this discussion paper is to outline the guidelines, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, about how to manage hypertension before and during pregnancy. Primary providers lack the knowledge to initiate treatment and manage hypertension in patients who are family planning or in the early stages of pregnancy before transferring care to an obstetrician, or perhaps patients who never do transfer care for lack of accessibility or funding. This paper aims to discuss how the Family Nurse Practitioner, or other primary care providers, may safely and efficiently maintain stable blood pressures in patients with hypertension before, during, and after pregnancy.

Background and Implications for Nursing:
Clinicians often defer gestational complications to obstetricians, however, it is crucial that there is a basic understanding of how to manage such issues. Primary practitioners do care for these patients during pre-gestation or fertility planning and oftentimes even during pregnancy in underserved communities with little access to obstetrical / prenatal care.

Design:
Discussion paper of ACOG guidelines and recommendations regarding safe management of hypertension before, during and after pregnancy.

Data Sources:
Inclusion criteria utilized most current research within the past 5 years, barring one source from the American Heart Association (no more current data) from 2011. This included an examination of current standards of care regarding hypertension during and before pregnancy according to the ACOG. Utilizing keywords such as hypertension, gestational hypertension, pregnancy, pharmacological management of hypertension, ACOG guidelines, treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. The decision to utilize guidelines set forth primarily by ACOG stems from ACOG being the governing body for Obstetricians / Gynecologists. Additionally, “standardization of care improves patient outcomes, which also should translate into a reduction in medical-legal exposure” [2]. As “such guidelines have been developed by specialty organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (the college),” ACOG guidelines are nationally utilized in the care of OB/GYN patients.

Conclusion:
It is essential for primary care clinicians to employ current research regarding hypertension surrounding pregnancy and encourage patients who are family planning to utilize all such data in order to have a healthy and successful pregnancy. In order to do so, thorough practitioners are required to care for patients throughout the spectrum of all health and wellness related situations.
Cytotoxicity of Palladium Nanoparticles Against Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Kumaran Sekar , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Hasan Nazim , Wu Hui-Fen 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Investigating the bioactivity of nanoscale materials against microorganisms
give a comprehensive, proactive understanding of nanomaterial toxicity and explore their potential for
applications.

Methods:
The aim of this study is to assess the changes in the mycelium growth and proteomics for filamentous
fungi Aspergillus niger (A. niger) caused by palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). In this study,
quantitative analysis of the mycelium growth and protein content of A. niger upon incubation with different
concentrations of Pd NPs (0-1350 ng/mL) were reported. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/
Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was also used to analyze the changes of the proteins
content of A. niger in different medium using two different matrices; α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic
acid (CHCA), and sinapinic acid (SA). We found that Pd NPs decrease the mycelium growth of A. niger.

Results:
The protein contents are increased at low concentrations of Pd NPs, while it decreases with
high concentration. MALDI-MS results show change of the protein contents for A. niger upon incubation
with Pd NPs. Mycelia biomass decreases at high concentration of Pd NPs.

Conclusion:
The biological activity of Pd NPs depends on their concentration and cell culture medium.
These new findings may add valuable information about the cytotoxicity of Pd NPs.
Accuracy of and interobserver agreement regarding thoracic computed tomography for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs
Authors: Mortier Jeremy R. , Mesquita Luis , Ferrandis Inmaculada , McConnell James F. , Maddox Thomas W. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize CT findings in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, estimate the accuracy of thoracic CT for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs, and determine interobserver agreement for this method.
DESIGN Retrospective case-control and cross-sectional study.
ANIMALS 26 dogs with confirmed chronic bronchitis and 20 control dogs with unremarkable results of thoracic CT and no recorded history of cough.
PROCEDURES Thoracic CT images of all dogs were interpreted for signs of chronic bronchitis by 2 observers who used specific criteria; observers also used the images to compute the bronchial wall thickness-to-pulmonary artery diameter (BWPA) ratio of the cranial lung lobes. Interobserver agreement was assessed for both diagnostic approaches. Performance of thoracic CT and the BWPA ratio specifically in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis were evaluated, with the final diagnosis made by the attending internist as the reference standard. Associations between independent variables and the BWPA ratio for all dogs were assessed by linear regression.
RESULTS Accuracy of thoracic CT examination for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis was 57%, sensitivity was 46%, and specificity was 90%. Interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.50). The BWPA ratio had poor accuracy for discriminating dogs with chronic bronchitis from control dogs. Linear regression revealed that as dog body weight increased, BWPA ratios for the left and right cranial lung lobes decreased slightly but significantly.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggested that thoracic CT and the associated BWPA ratio have limited value in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPECTRAL DE PROPRIEDADES ÓPTICAS DE AEROSSÓIS EM REGIÃO DE FLORESTA TROPICAL
Authors: Menezes Jorge Almeida de , Palácios Rafael da Silva , Menezes Júnior Evanízio Marinho , Soares Júnior Amazonino , Nogueira José de Souza 
Published: September 2018

Aerossóis atmosféricos desempenham um papel importante no equilíbrio de energia do sistema Terra-atmosfera. Medidas de aerossóis foram realizadas em área de floresta tropical utilizando fotômetro solar da rede global AERONET. Dados de 4 anos permitiram classificar as propriedades óticas dos aerossóis, definindo a climatologia para área de floresta tropical. Neste trabalho a profundidade óptica de aerossol (AOD) e expoente Ångström, α(440-870), foram utilizados para a análise espectral de aerossol. Médias de AOD(440nm) de 0,22 (±0,40), com média correspondente de α 1,27(±0,39). A AOD(440nm) mostra picos distintos para estação seca e chuvosa, sendo que podem estar relacionados com padrões sazonais de aerossóis característicos dessas regiões. O α (440-870) apresentou modos de frequência que se relacionam com os principais tipos de aerossóis presentes em regiões de Floresta. Um cenário principal de aerossóis foi definido como aerossóis oriundos de queima de biomassa, com forte influência de fontes locais de aerossóis poluídos. Mistura de aerossóis estão presentes, enquanto que poeira em suspensão tem uma ocorrência pouco relevante.Palavras-chave: AOD, expoente Ångström, climatologia. SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AEROSOLS IN FOREST REGION ABSTRACT:Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system. Aerosol measurements were performed in rainforest area, Manaus_Embrapa site using solar photometer from the AERONET global network. Data from 4 years allowed to classify the optical properties of the aerosols, defining the climatology for the site. In this work, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent, α (440-870), were used for aerosol spectral analysis. Mean AOD (440nm) of 0,22 (± 0.40), with corresponding mean of α 1,27 (± 0.39). AOD (440nm) shows distinct peaks for dry and rainy season, and may be related to seasonal aerosol patterns characteristic of these regions. The α (440-870) presented frequency modes that relate to the main types of aerosols present in Forest regions. A major aerosol scenario was defined as biomass-based aerosols, with strong influence from local sources of polluted aerosols. Mixtures of aerosols are present, while suspended dust has a slightly relevant occurrence.Keywords: AOD, Ångström exponent, climatology.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER RESOURCE SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR A WATER-STRESSED BASIN IN BRAZIL: THE CASE STUDY OF RIO VERDE GRANDE BASIN
Authors: Sá Mônica Carvalho de , Vieira Edson de Oliveira , Rodrigues Flavia Mazzer , Albuquerque Lorrana Cavalcanti , Caldeira Núbia Ribeiro 
Published: September 2018

MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E A SUSTENTABILIDADES DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EM BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA COM ESCASSEZ HÍDRICA NO BRASIL: O CASO DA BACIA DE RIO VERDE GRANDE A bacia de Rio Verde Grande está localizada 87% na parte norte do estado de Minas Gerais e 13% no estado da Bahia, em uma região com clima semiárido, apresentando longos e intensos períodos de seca. Esta característica climática afeta diretamente a disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e, conseqüentemente, o desenvolvimento das principais atividades da região que são pecuária e agricultura irrigada. Não há estudos que avaliem o efeito das mudanças climáticas na disponibilidade de água e na sustentabilidade de atividades com alta demanda de água na bacia de Rio Verde Grande. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças prováveis na disponibilidade de água na bacia de Rio Verde Grande e a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos para as atividades usuárias de água, utilizando séries sintéticas geradas através de programas de modelagem climática e hidrológica. Este estudo realizou as projeções climáticas utilizando os Global Climate Models do Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Com base nos cálculos dos índices de sustentabilidade e na comparação dos cenários atuais e futuros, observou-se que, mesmo com todas as intervenções propostas pelo Plano de Recursos Hídricos da Bacia Rio Verde Grande implementadas, houve uma redução na sustentabilidade da água Recursos em algumas sub-bacias devido à mudança climática.Palavras-chave: CMIP5, modelo WEAP, vulnerabilidade ABSTRACT: The Rio Verde Grande basin is a water-stressed basin, which is 87% in the northern part of Minas Gerais and 13% in Bahia, Brazil. It has a semi-arid climate with long and intense periods of drought. This climatic directly affects the availability of water resources and the development of the main activities in the region. There are presently no studies that evaluate the effect of climate change on the availability of water in the Rio Verde Grande basin and the sustainability of high water demand activities. The objective of this study was to analyze future changes in the availability of water in the Rio Verde Grande basin, and the sustainability of water for the major water users. This was done using a synthetic series generated through climatic and hydrological modeling programs. This study performed climate projections using the Global Climate Models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The calculation of sustainability indexes and a comparison between current and future scenarios, it was observed that even if all the interventions proposed by the Water Resources Plan of the Rio Verde Grande basin are implemented, there will still be a reduction in the sustainability of water resources in some sub-basins, due to climate change.Keywords: CMIP5, WEAP model, vulnerability.
Kloning dan Analisis Bioinformatika Gen MSP1 Plasmodium falciparum Isolat Kota Jayapura
Authors: Mawardi Arsyam , Aisoi Leonardo E. , Lefaan Paula N. 
Published: September 2018

Cloning gene involves the construction of a recombinant plasmid that inserted in a competent cell. On the other hand, genetic engineering requires bioinformatic analysis to be converted into tabulation and data interpretation. The study, titled "cloning block 2 MSP1 gene of Plasmodium falciparumÂ isolate Jayapura city and bioinformatics analysis" is aimed to improve the technique of cloning the MSP1 gene of P. falciparum, initiated the creation of DH5Î± competent cells, ligations and transformations, plasmid isolation, confirmation the recombinant plasmid and able to perform bioinformatics analysis and construct phylogenetic tree. This study began with the manufacture of E. coli DH5Î± competent cells, MSP1 gene ligation in pJET1.2/blunt vector and transformation by using the heat shock transformation method, plasmid isolation of alkali lysis method, then plasmid confirmed by PCR and sequencing method, further sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. The results showed that confirmation of MSP1 gene presence in pJET1.2/blunt with PCR was successful. From a total of 4 positive colonies grown in liquid culture, then isolated plasmid and confirmed with PCR obtained electroferogram bands with a size about 1049 bp indicates the presence of MSP1 gene in plasmid. Based on the results, cloning of MSP1 gene using pJET1.2/blunt cloning vector and competent cell E. coliÂ DH5Î± has been successfully performed.Â Bioinformatics analysis of sequencing result and phylogenetic tree were constructed successfully with 2 clusters isolate of malaria patients from Jayapura city.Â Key words:Â Bioinformatics, cloning gene, heat shock transformation, MSP1,Â P. falciparum.
Analisis Jumlah Sel Eritrosit Darah Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Strain Wistar Sebelum dan Setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus)
Authors: Rahayu Agnes S. , Elieser Elieser 
Published: September 2018

The aim of this research was to measure the differences amount of erythrocytes in the blood of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistarÂ before and after been given of the extract of the red fruid (Pandanus conoideus).Â Â This was a pre experiment with The One Group Pre Test â€“ Post TestÂ only design,Â the extract of red fruit (P. conoideus) was the Â independent variable and the dependentÂ variable was the amount erythrocyte in rat blood. After the acclimatisation program in 7 days, the blood of this 20 rats were taken to measure the erythrocytes.Â For the next 7 days, all of the rats were given the extract of red fruit per oral by the sonde 5m/bb.Â Â The blood were taken again to measure the erythrocytes again, in the day after the last given of the extract of red fruit. The data were tabulated for normality test with Shapiro-wilk (SPSSÂ v.24), homogeneityÂ test, Levene test, and followed by Paired T-Test. The results were show that the mean of the erythrocyte before given the extract of red fruit was 5.54Â x 106/mm3Â and after that was 7.65Â x 106/mm3.Â Â Key words:Â R. novergicus,Â P. conoideus, erythrocyte.
Development of an intervention to expedite cancer diagnosis through primary care: a protocol
Authors: Stanciu Marian Andrei , Law Rebecca-Jane , Nafees Sadia , Hendry Maggie , Yeo Seow Tien , Hiscock Julia , Lewis Ruth , Edwards Rhiannon T , Williams Nefyn H , Brain Katherine , Brocklehurst Paul , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Dolwani Sunil , Emery Jon , Hamilton William , Hoare Zoe , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Rubin Greg , Smits Stephanie , Vedsted Peter , Walter Fiona , Wilkinson Clare , Neal Richard D ,   The WICKED Team on behalf of
Published: September 2018

BackgroundGPs can play an important role in achieving earlier cancer diagnosis to improve patient outcomes, for example through prompt use of the urgent suspected cancer referral pathway. Barriers to early diagnosis include individual practitioner variation in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, professional expectations, and norms.AimThis programme of work (Wales Interventions and Cancer Knowledge about Early Diagnosis [WICKED]) will develop a behaviour change intervention to expedite diagnosis through primary care and contribute to improved cancer outcomes.Design & settingNon-experimental mixed-method study with GPs and primary care practice teams from Wales.MethodFour work packages will inform the development of the behaviour change intervention. Work package 1 will identify relevant evidence-based interventions (systematic review of reviews) and will determine why interventions do or do not work, for whom, and in what circumstances (realist review). Work package 2 will assess cancer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of GPs, as well as primary care teams’ perspectives on cancer referral and investigation (GP survey, discrete choice experiment [DCE], interviews, and focus groups). Work package 3 will synthesise findings from earlier work packages using the behaviour change wheel as an overarching theoretical framework to guide intervention development. Work package 4 will test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, and determine methods for measuring costs and effects of subsequent behaviour change in a randomised feasibility trial.ResultsThe findings will inform the design of a future effectiveness trial, with concurrent economic evaluation, aimed at earlier diagnosis.ConclusionThis comprehensive, evidence-based programme will develop a complex GP behaviour change intervention to expedite the diagnosis of symptomatic cancer, and may be applicable to countries with similar healthcare systems.
Rigid and Flexible Quantification in Plural Predicate Logic
Authors: Champollion Lucas , Bledin Justin , Li Haoze 
Published: September 2018

Noun phrases with overt determiners, such as some apples or a quantity of milk, differ from bare noun phrases like apples or milk in their contribution to aspectual composition. While this has been attributed to syntactic or algebraic properties of these noun phrases, such accounts have explanatory shortcomings. We suggest instead that the relevant property that distinguishes between the two classes of noun phrases derives from two modes of existential quantification, one of which holds the values of a variable fixed throughout a quantificational context while the other allows them to vary. Inspired by Dynamic Plural Logic and Dependence Logic, we propose Plural Predicate Logic as an extension of Predicate Logic to formalize this difference. We suggest that temporal for-adverbials are sensitive to aspect because of the way they manipulate quantificational contexts, and that analogous manipulations occur with spatial for-adverbials, habituals, and the quantifier all.
The Main Belt Asteroid Shape Distribution from Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Mommert Michael , McNeill Andrew , Trilling David E. , Moskovitz Nicholas , Delbo’ Marco 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Gaia Data Release 2 includes observational data for 14099 pre-selected asteroids. From the sparsely sampled G-band photometry, we derive lower-limit light curve amplitudes for 11665 main belt asteroids (MBA) in order to provide constraints on the distribution of shapes in the asteroid main belt. Assuming a triaxial shape model for each asteroid, defined through the axial aspect ratios a > b and b = c, we find an average b/a = 0.80 ± 0.04 for the ensemble, which is in agreement with previous results. By combining the Gaia data with asteroid properties from the literature, we investigate possible correlations of the aspect ratio with size, semimajor axis, geometric albedo, and intrinsic color. Based on our model simulations, we find that MBAs greater than 50 km in diameter on average have higher b/a aspect ratios (are rounder) than smaller asteroids. We furthermore find significant differences in the shape distribution of MBAs as a function of the other properties that do not affect the average aspect ratios. We conclude that a more detailed investigation of shape distribution correlations requires a larger data sample than is provided in Gaia Data Release 2.