bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of rumen fermentation by bioindustrial products of cashew nut shell (Anacardiumoccidentale) to reduce methane and enhance other products
Authors: Saenab Andi , KG Wiryawan , Y Retnani , Wina Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

One of the strategies to reduce methane produced by ruminants is by the application of feed additive from plant materials. One of the potential plants is cashew plant especially its shell. The cashew nut shell can be processed to become 3 bioindustrial products; ie biofat, biochar, biosmoke. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectivity of different levels of biofat, biochar and biosmoke against methane and other fermented products.This experiment was arranged in block randomised design. The treatments were: Control (substrate=S), Biofat: S+0.25 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>, S+0.5 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>, S+0.75 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>; Biochar: S+0.1 mgmL<sup>-1</sup>, S+0.2 mgmL<sup>-1</sup>, S+0.3 mgmL<sup>-1</sup>; Biosmoke: S + 2.5 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>, S+5.0 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>, S + level7.5 µLmL<sup>-1</sup>. Each treatment was done in duplicates and the<em> in vitro</em> experiment was repeated 4 times. The measured variables were: total gas production, methane production, (dry matter, organic matter, NDF) degradability, ammonia concentration (NH<sub>3</sub>) and partial VFA concentration. The results showed that biofat, biochar and biosmoke reduced methane productionas much as 43.88%, 24.21%, 37.88% at the highest level of inclusion, respectively. NH<sub>3</sub> slightly increased by biochar and biosmoke addition compared to control. Molar proportion of acetic acid decreased and propionic acid increased by addition of cashew nut shell bioindustrial products compared to control. Organik matter degradability decreased significantly with biofat and biosmoke addition. Different mechanisms of biofat, biochar and biosmoke were proposed in affecting rumen fermentation. It can be concluded that each bioindustrial product of cashew nut shell (biofat, biochar and biosmoke) can be utilised as feed additive to reduce methane and increase propionic acid in the rumen fermentation.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE ROBUSTNESS OF MAXIMALLY STABLE EXTREMAL REGIONS (MSER) MODEL FOR THE AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF OVERLAPPING IMAGES
Authors: Ajayi Oluibukun Gbenga , Nwadialor Ifeanyi Jonathan , Onuigbo Ifeanyi Chukwudi , Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale 
Published: September 2018

Various researchers in Digital Image processing have developed keen interest in the automation of object detection, description and extraction process used for various applications and this has led to the development of series of Feature detection and extraction models one of which is the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions Feature Algorithm (MSER). This paper investigates the robustness of MSER algorithm (a blob-like and affine-invariant feature detector) for the detection and extraction of corresponding features used for the automatic registration of series of overlapping images. The robustness investigation was carried out in three different registration campaigns using overlapping images extracted from google earth and image pair acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Sum of Square Difference (SSD) and Bilinear interpolation models were used to establish the similarity measure between the images to be registered, resampling of the pixel-values and computation of non-integer coordinates respectively while Random Sampling Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm was used to exclude the outliers and to compute the transformation matrix using affine transformation function. The results obtained from this preliminary investigation shows that the processing speed of MSER is quite high for Automatic Image Registration with a relatively high accuracy. While an accuracy of 61.54% was obtained from the first campaign with a processing time of 11.92 seconds, the second campaign gave an accuracy of 52.02% with a processing time of 11.20 seconds and the third campaign produced an accuracy of 55.62% with a processing time of 3.27 seconds. The obtained speed and accuracy shows that MSER is a very robust model and as such, can be deployed as the feature detection and extraction model in the development of an automatic image registration scheme.
A minoritized language on both sides of the border: legal framework and language policy of Catalan in Andorra and Catalonia
Authors: Jiménez-Salcedo Juan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes the legislation of the two territories that have the most advanced legal framework regarding language policies towards Catalan: Andorra and Catalonia. The study of the legislation in relation to contexts of social and institutional use shows how this legal framework is not sufficient to change Catalan from being a minoritized language, since the phenomenon of minoritization is innate to the ecosystem in which languages develop. This ecosystem is conditioned by the presence of Castilian as a lingua franca on both sides of the border between Andorra and Catalonia. In the case of Andorra, its status as a cross-border microstate makes it a plurilingual space with Castilian as a socially cross-cutting language; moreover, the fact that until recently there was no network of state schools hindered Catalan language normalisation efforts. Catalonia, on the other hand, is an even more complex example on account of how the implementation of llengua pròpia policy contradicts the constitutional control the Spanish state exercises on this.
Ion acoustic quasi-soliton in an electron-positron-ion plasma with superthermal electrons and positrons
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Zeng Ying , Liang Zufeng , Xu Yani , Zhang Yuanxiang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this work, we are concerned with the ion acoustic quasi-soliton in an electron-positron-ion plasma with superthermal electrons and positrons. By using the reductive perturbation method, the Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived from the governing equations of ion acoustic waves. An interesting soliton-cnoidal wave solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation and its quasi-soliton behaviour are presented. The influence of electron superthermality, positron superthermality and positron concentration ratio on characteristics of the quasi-soliton is confirmed to be significant.
GABAergic modulation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus
Authors: Hernández-Vázquez Fabiola , Garduño Julieta , Hernández-López Salvador 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), located in the brainstem, is involved in several functions such as sleep, temperature regulation, stress responses, and anxiety behaviors. This nucleus contains the largest population of serotonin expressing neurons in the brain. Serotonergic DRN neurons receive tonic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)inhibitory inputs from several brain areas, as well as from interneurons within the same nucleus. Serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the DRN can be distinguished by their size, location, pharmacological responses, and electrophysiological properties. GABAergic neurons regulate the excitability of DRN serotonergic neurons and the serotonin release in different brain areas. Also, it has been shown that GABAergic neurons can synchronize the activity of serotonergic neurons across functions such as sleep or alertness. Moreover, dysregulation of GABA signaling in the DRN has been linked to psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. This review focuses on GABAergic transmission in the DRN. The interaction between GABAergic and serotonergic neurons is discussed considering some physiological implications. Also, the main electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of serotonergic and GABAergic neurons are described.
Development of hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid composite bone fixation plate
Authors: Leksakul Komgrit , Phuendee Mintra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Bone damage patients may suffer from metal toxicity resulting from an adverse reaction. To avoid the need for a second operation, we set out to identify a material that can be used as a substitute for metal in small fragment plates, which is compatible with the human body. Thus, in this study, we set out to study the development of a material that can be applied to the small fragment plate, based on a hydroxyapatite (HA)-polylactic acid (PLA) composite. This study examined three main factors, namely, the ratio of the PLA to the HA, injection temperature (T) and injection pressure (P). Based on the ASTM standard, the best results (Code 4 and Code 1) obtained from the mechanical property tests (tension and flexural) were 44.02 MPa and 63.97 MPa, respectively. When compared to HA-HDPE, our material offers both strength and biodegradable/biocompatible advantages. By inspection with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), we could identify the components of the HA and distribution pattern. In terms of biocompatibility, Code 1 is promising. To maximize the composite desirability, optimal condition was mathematically calculated. In addition, finite element analysis confirmed that the proposed bone fixation plate would not be damaged when the wrist is impacted.
Magnesium protects in episodes of critical perfusion after aneurysmal SAH
Authors: Kunze Ekkehard , Lilla Nadine , Stetter Christian , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Westermaier Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze whether magnesium has a neuroprotective effect during episodes that indicate a critical brain perfusion after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods107 patients with aSAH were randomized to continuously receive intravenous magnesium sulfate with target serum levels of 2.0 – 2.5 mmol/l (n = 54) or isotonic saline (n = 53). Neurological examination and transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) were performed daily, Perfusion-CT (PCT) was acquired in 3-day intervals, angiography in case of suspected vasospasm. The primary endpoint was the development of secondary infarction following episodes of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND), elevated mean flow velocity (MFV) in TCD or pathological findings in PCT.ResultsIn the magnesium group, 9 episodes of DIND were registered, none was followed by secondary infarction. In the control group, 23 episodes of DIND were registered, 9 were followed by secondary infarction (p < 0.05). In the magnesium group, 114 TCD-measurements showed an elevated MFV(> 140 cm/s). 7 were followed by new infarction. In control patients, 135 measurements showed elevated MFV, 32 were followed by new infarction (p < 0.05). 10 of 117 abnormal PCT-findings were followed by new infarction, compared to 30 of 122 in the control-group (p < 0.05).ConclusionDIND, elevated MFV in TCD and abnormal PCT are findings which are associated with an increased risk to develop delayed secondary infarction. The results of this analysis suggest that magnesium-treatment may reduce the risk to develop infarction in a state of critical brain perfusion.
Dietary intake and dinner timing among shift workers in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Mieko , Miura Ayako , Nagahata Tomomi , Toki Atsushi , Shibata Yosuke , Okada Eisaku , Ojima Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Shift workers are at an increased risk of diet-related chronic conditions. We aimed to investigate dietary intake and dinner timing among shift workers.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was administered to the employees of 43 companies in Japan between December 2013 and February 2014. The dietary intake of workers was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) . Nutrient intake was evaluated by adjusting the total energy intake using a nutrient residual model. Analysis of covariance was used to obtain the means of total energy and nutrient intake by the work schedule (shift or daytime), and the means of total energy and nutrient intake by dinner timing (regular or irregular) .

Results
Valid responses were obtained from 2,062 daytime and 302 shift workers. A valid response rate to the FFQ was slightly but significantly lower among shift workers than among daytime workers (87.1% and 91.8 %). When compared to daytime workers, shift workers were more likely to eat dinner at irregular times (46.7% vs. 3.6%). Shift work was associated with a higher mean body mass index (23.4 kg/m2 vs. 22.3 kg/m2), a higher proportion of being overweight (27.7% and 18.8%), higher total energy intake, and lower intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin B2, folic acid, vitamin C, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. Moreover, irregular dinner timing was associated with lower intakes of protein, folic acid, and zinc in daytime workers, and lower intakes of carbohydrate and copper in shift workers.

Conclusions
These findings indicate a need to improve the diet of shift workers.
Seren taun Sebagai Medium Komunikasi Adat
Authors: Malik Abdul 
Published: September 2018

Seren taun is a traditional ceremony performed by Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Banten Kidul, as a vehicle to give thanks to God Almighty for their harvest. In the perspective of intracultural communication. Seren taun is an indigenous communication medium that serves to transform the values of adat from one generation to the next for the preservation of their cultural identity. Therefore, every ceremony of ceremonial seren taun must be attended and followed by all members of indigenous communities without exception, either living in custom territory or outside customary territory. Meanwhile, in the perspective of intercultural communication, seren epidemic ceremony becomes a medium for the existence of adat, so that its existence is accepted, acknowledged, and protected by the state.This study focuses on understanding: First, how the kasepuhan community makes seren taun as a medium of communal communication in order to reinforce their cultural identity. Second, how the society kasepuhan make seren epidemic as a medium of communication for the sake of existence. Based on these two questions, it is understood that seren taun has expanded its function. As a form of respect for the earth (land) and thankfulness of the harvest, as well as the symbolic form of existence of society. The existence of expansion of function in seren taun, based on awareness affirming identity as indigenous peoples with all its distinctive style and culture, which is not owned by other society entity, as well as contestation of their cultural identity to other party for the sake of existence of adat.Â Keywords: Seren Taun, Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Cultural Identity, Customary ExistenceÂ
Digital Online Dan Trust Dalam Hubungan Antara Tokopedia Dengan Pengguna Layanan
Authors: Mohansyah Alessander , Parani Rizaldi 
Published: September 2018

Maraknya bisnis e-commerce yang ada di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari semakin banyaknya penggunaan layanan digital online pada masyarakat.Hal ini mendorong perusahaan-perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang e-commerce berkompetisi untuk memberikan pelayanan online yang terbaik bagi para pelanggan dan penggunanya.Mulai dari layanan transaksi pembayaran terhadap penjualan produk hingga yang terbaru adalah layanan pembayaran tagihan.Â Namun demikian layanan yang terakhir ini nampaknya masih jarang digunakan oleh para pelanggan karena belum adanya kepercayaan yang tumbuh dalam konteks hubungan antara pelanggan dengan perusahaan penyedia jasa layanan. Tokopedia merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang sedang berupaya untuk menanamkan kepercayaan kepada para pelanggannya untuk mau melakukan transaksi pembayaran tagihan melalui online.Oleh karenanya, studi ini mencoba memberikan gambaran tentang strategi yang dilakukan oleh Tokopedia untuk membangun hubungan dengan para pelanggannya menyangkut penggunaan transaksi layanan pembayaran tagihan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan Tokopedia sebagai unit analisa. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap satu orang key informant dan dua orang informant yang mewakili Tokopedia.
Efektifitas Iklan Negatif Di Media Sosial Dalam Politik Di Indonesia
Authors: Rully Rully 
Published: September 2018

Political advertising has been part in series of political campaigns with all its dynamics. Interestingly, social media is quite effective attracting voters thus emerging the supporting community. This phenomenon is felt since 2014 Elections, when viewed furthermore, the shared content in socmed has same patterns packing political ads, which plays negative issue in society.Â How is the effectiveness of political ads through socmed in Indonesian politics? Why is a negative political ads tends to have more influence in society? According Perloff (2014), the feature of political ads is to direct its negativity, used for colorful roles in presidential campaigns and proving that it is easier for people to consider negative advertising than positive advertising.Qualitative descriptive analysis will reveal the phenomena with relevant theories to the effects of socmed illustrating its power to form partisan.
Application of Some Remote Sensing Techniques to Detect the Mineral Deposits for Region of Bahar An-Najaf by Using Landsat-8 (OLI) Data
Authors: Taki  Hassan Ebtihal 
Published: September 2018

Landsat-8 was used for the Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the southwestern part of Najaf province to detect and distinguish the most important mineral compounds of the region using several techniques for processing space images. The image processing methods used in this study includes, color composite band ratio in addition to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Visible, near and short infrared bands have been used to detect iron oxides, iron minerals, and clay minerals, while thermal bands have been used to distinguish silicate minerals. The color composite (RGB) of the bands (B2B5B7), (B5B7B3) and (B10, B11, B7) have been used to determine region of iron oxide, clay and iron minerals as well as silicate minerals , respectively. The band ratio of 4/2, 6/5 and 6/7 have been used to detect the presence of iron oxides and iron and clay minerals, respectively. The color composition has been applied on the band ratios (6/7,6/5,4/2) to obtain a better distinction for mineral deposits in the region. From results of (PCA) and based on signal and values of eigenvectors for PCS bands, PC3 has been selected to represent clay minerals, PC4 for iron minerals and PC5 for iron oxides. The color composite application on (PC3, PC4, PC5) shows more details about the mineral deposits of the region
Study of the name structure of Ngara Waje Sabu tribal society
Authors: Basoeki Olivia de Haviland , Puspandari Lusia Eni 
Published: September 2018

This paper specifically examines the study of Ngara Waje structure in Sabu culture, with coverage (1) the lingual structure of the self-name; (2) The meaning of the name of Ngara Waje according to the perception of the Sabu people. The results of the analysis obtained the format of honorific name Ma / Na + ngara Waje + ngara Hawu. The emphasis in the Waje wajang name structure kajan in the name of the Sabu is not distinguished by sex but is characterized by Ama (Ma's abbreviation) for men and Ina (Na) for women. The lingual arrangement of names in Sabu culture has special characteristics ie the name of the Sabu always terminated vowels (a, i, u, e, o). The name of the Sabu person does not end in dead or consonant at the end of the word, such as Hae, Djara, Lodo, Nguru ,. Second, there are no different double consonant together, but the consonant immobilization must be the same, for example: Wannyi, Banni, Lappa. The third characteristic, does not recognize the characters c, f, q, s, v, x, and z because the people of Sabu do not recognize these characters so they cannot pronounce the capital letters. Example: they are difficult to articulate a word that has a phoneme / s / like the word Savu pronounced into Hawu; the school is pronounced school; Frans is pronounced Para, Simon is pronounced Himo. Waje ngara name in Sabu culture, has certain characteristics of meaning, namely the meaning of hope, the meaning of memories and the meaning of flattery. In addition, Waje's meaning is also associated with certain aspects such as objects around (humans, animals, plants, other objects), cosmic objects (sun, moon, stars) and natural elements (fire, water, earth, mountains).
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or colonization in a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Zhang Di , Cui Kai , Wang Taotao , Shan Yuanyuan , Dong Haiyan , Feng Weiyi , Ma Chen , Dong Yalin 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is rapidly emerging as a life-threatening nosocomial infection. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors, especially antibiotic use and co-carriage with other bacteria for CRPA infection or colonization.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, which involved a cohort of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or colonization from January 2014 to June 2016. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to estimate the risk factors of CRPA occurrence.
Results: Eight hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in the study. More than 50% of the risk factors were associated with CRPA infection or colonization according to univariate analysis (P < 0.05), such as invasive procedures, co-carriage with Gram-negative pathogens, and prior treatment with some antibiotics. However, only prior exposure to carbapenems (OR: 8.005; CI:4.507-14.217, P<0.001), the days of carbapenems treatment (OR: 1.190; CI: 1.073-1.272; P < 0.001), and co-carriage with Escherichia coli (OR: 1.824; CI: 1.005-3.310, P = 0.048) were considered independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. A higher mortality was found among patients with CRPA infection or colonization (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Risk factors for CRPA infection or colonization were prior exposure to carbapenems, the days of carbapenems treatment, and co-carriage with Escherichia coli. The prevalence of CRPA could be influenced by Gram-negative pathogens, especially in Escherichia coli, and it need more researches. Moreover, restrictions in the clinical use of carbapenems should be taken into account.
An An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan Region in 2015
Authors: Abdulla Qasim B. , Shabila Nazar P. , Al-Hadithi Tariq S. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate and to determine the geographical distribution and clinical pattern of the disease during this outbreak.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 234 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Erbil governorate. A questionnaire completed in an interview provided data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and preventive measures.
Results: About 60% of participants were younger than 35 years; 59.4% were living in urban areas. Most cases (40.2%) were from Maxmur district, while 20.9% were internally displaced persons and 7.7% were refugees. Nearly 70% of the cases had a low socioeconomic status. Cases with multiple lesions constituted 65.5%. Upper limb lesions constituted 44.7%. Most lesions were 1-5 cm in size (64.7%) and were wet (63.6%). Nearly three-quarters of the cases had a history of traveling to endemic areas; most (49.7%) to Maxmur district. Around 80% reported fogging around the houses and 44.4% in the working area. The peak incidence of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases was in December, with a total of 115 cases.
Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was not endemic in Erbil governorate, but it became a public health challenge in 2015. Most of the cases were reported in Maxmur district and among internally displaced people and military personnel deployed there. Control and prevention activities, including fogging and spraying, face important challenges and need strengthening, especially in Maxmur district.