bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Emran , Biglari Sajjad , Mosallaei Meysam , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveMammalian Diaphanous‐Related Formin (mDia1), which is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene, serves as essential for the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The role of DIAPH1 in brain development has been extensively established. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic characteristics of patients with DIAPH1‐related disease and determine probable genotype–phenotype relationships.MethodsIn the current study, exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic basis of the clinical presentation in an Iranian 7‐year‐old boy. Validation of the detected variant was done by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature.ResultsHere, we detected a novel homozygous c.1285C> T (p.Gln429*) pathogenic variant in the patient. In silico analysis with prediction software tools identified this variant as a probable source of damage. Twenty cases from seven studies were found after a review of the literature. The patients' main symptoms were a developmental delay, microcephaly, and seizures. The mean age of onset for patients in the group of 20 patients with a known age of onset was 2.3 months (SD = 1.6). Of the variants identified, c.2769del, c.684+1G>A, and c.2332C> T were identified in 72% of the patients.ConclusionConsidering the variant's position in the gene and the encoding protein, a pathogenic effect is predicted for the variant. So, the patient's clinical manifestation is probably caused by this pathogenic variant. Moreover, by studying clinical manifestations in all molecularly confirmed reported cases, provided a comprehensive overview of clinical presentation, and attempted to find a genotype–phenotype correlation.
The Chemical Space Spanned by Manually Curated Datasets of Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Activities against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Betow Jude Y. , Turon Gemma , Metuge Clovis S. , Akame Simeon , Shu Vanessa A. , Ebob Oyere T. , Duran‐Frigola Miquel , Ntie‐Kang Fidele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiseases caused by viruses are challenging to contain, as their outbreak and spread could be very sudden, compounded by rapid mutations, making the development of drugs and vaccines a continued endeavour that requires fast discovery and preparedness. Targeting viral infections with small molecules remains one of the treatment options to reduce transmission and the disease burden. A lesson learned from the recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is to collect ready‐to‐screen small molecule libraries in preparation for the next viral outbreak, and potentially find a clinical candidate before it becomes a pandemic. Public availability of diverse compound libraries, well annotated in terms of chemical structures and scaffolds, modes of action, and bioactivities are, therefore, crucial to ensure the participation of academic laboratories in these screening efforts, especially in resource‐limited settings where synthesis, testing and computing capacity are scarce. Here, we demonstrate a low‐resource approach to populate the chemical space of naturally occurring and synthetic small molecules that have shown in vitro and/or in vivo activities against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its target proteins. We have manually curated two datasets of small molecules (naturally occurring and synthetically derived) by reading and collecting (hand‐curating) the published literature. Information from the literature reveals that a majority of the reported SARS‐CoV‐2 compounds act by inhibiting the main protease, while 25% of the compounds currently have no known target. Scaffold analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the most common scaffolds in the datasets are quite distinct. We then expanded the initially manually curated dataset of over 1200 compounds via an ultra‐large scale 2D and 3D similarity search, obtaining an expanded collection of over 150 k purchasable compounds. The spanned chemical space significantly extends beyond that of a commercially available coronavirus library of more than 20 k small molecules and constitutes a good starting collection for virtual screening campaigns given its manageable size and proximity to hand‐curated compounds.
A Circularly Polarized Filtering Patch Antenna Based on Parasitic Patches With Slots
Authors: Mao Jingjing , Zhou Shigang , Zhang Jiamin , Du Yu , Li Jianying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA circularly polarized (CP) filtering patch antenna based on parasitic patches with slots is presented. The structure consists of one CP feeding network, one driven patch, and two parasitic patches. Two radiation nulls (RNs) are caused when the parasitic patches with slots are introduced, and the locations of RNs could be controlled by the slot length. Besides, the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are both improved compared to the antenna without parasitic patches. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The impedance bandwidth is 14.9% (3.42–3.97 GHz), and the 3‐dB AR bandwidth is 8.9% (3.53–3.86 GHz). The realized gain at center frequency of 3.70 GHz is high up to 8.1 dBiC. Two radiation nulls at 2.95 and 4.55 GHz are generated. The proposed CP filtering antenna has the advantages of simple structure and easy fabrication, and can be a promising choice for wireless communications.
Unlocking insights on high‐resolution vessel wall imaging's role in acute ischemic stroke management: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Haradwala Mohamed Bilal , Mahmoud Esmat , Isufi Edvin , Nada Ayman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe application of vessel wall imaging (VWI) MRI technique has emerged as a valuable tool in characterizing atherosclerotic plaques within both stenotic and non‐stenotic vessels. In this case series, we focused on the clinical‐radiologic correlation for a series of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who underwent VWI. Eight patients with AIS within the anterior and posterior circulation underwent further comprehensive evaluation with high‐resolution VWI. Through meticulous examination of plaque morphology and enhancement patterns on VWI, we gleaned invaluable insights into identifying high‐risk plaques. These high‐risk plaques, such as ruptured or ulcerative lesions, significantly elevate the potential risk of developing AIS. By stratifying atherosclerotic plaques using VWI, we can tailor treatment strategies to individual patients. This tailored approach may involve a combination of different medications, endovascular therapy, or follow‐up with conventional cerebral angiography. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of VWI in guiding personalized treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes in AIS management.
Glucose and cerebral blood volume index as predictors of ambulatory function for patients presenting with ultra‐large core infarctions
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Yang Hongmei , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Patel Nikhil M. , Bernard Joe D. , Stetler William R. , Parish Jonathan M. , Hines Andrew U. , Patel Harsh N. , Guzik Amy K. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Helms Anna Maria , Macko Lauren , Williams Laura , Retelski Julia , Asimos Andrew W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeAcute stroke patients with large core infarctions have poor neurological outcomes, irrespective of treatment. While thrombectomy has efficacy, subsets of large core patients were under‐represented in recently reported clinical trials.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients presenting to a large health system between January 2023 and May 2024 with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) core infarction ≥ 100 milliliters (mL). We studied predictors of independent ambulatory function at discharge (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score: 0–3) by performing a multivariable logistic regression analysis. We also report functional outcomes in patients treated with thrombectomy versus medical management.ResultsFifty‐five patients (mean age 64.7 [± 15] years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]: 21 [18–24]) met inclusion criteria. Median core and mismatch volumes were 127 mL (115–170 mL) and 84 mL (45–115 mL), respectively. Initial glucose (per 1‐point increase in milligrams/deciliter, OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.939–0.996, p = .049) and CTP cerebral blood volume (CBV) index (per 0.1‐unit increase, OR 2.138, 95% CI: 1.203–4.405, p = .018) independently predicted discharge mRS score 0–3. Treatment with thrombectomy did not predict the primary outcome.ConclusionsIn our series, lower presenting glucose and more favorable CTP CBV index predicted independent discharge ambulatory function in patients with core infarctions ≥ 100 mL, while thrombectomy did not. These factors may inform treatment teams and serve as selection tools in future studies of under‐represented patients in recently reported large core thrombectomy clinical trials.
Mediating Effect Of Stress Response and Grit On the Relationship Between Stress and Depression In Nursing Students: Emperical Research Quantitative
Authors: Jeon Jaehee , Choi Seunghye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore the prevalence of depression amongst Korean nursing students and to identify the mediating effect of stress response and grit in the relationship between stress and depression in the same population.DesignA total of 184 nursing students from Korea were included. This study was cross‐sectional with a structured questionnaire that included stress, stress response, grit, and depression.MethodsThe study participants were university students from four nursing colleges located in the metropolitan area and Gangwon‐do in South Korea. The data collection period spanned from February 24 to March 30, 2023, using an online questionnaire following the G University's Institutional Review Board's (IRB's) deliberation.ResultsAmongst the participants, the prevalence of depression was 23.8% (95% CI: [17.7%, 29.9%]), and 13.7% had moderate depression, whereas 10.1% had severe depression. The direct effects of stress on stress response (t = 9.26, p < 0.001) and from stress to grit (t = 22.82, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. The direct effects from stress to depression (t = 2.61, p = 0.009), from stress response to depression (t = 9.68, p < 0.001), and from grit to depression (t = −2.09, p = 0.039) were also statistically significant. The association between stress and depression was mediated by stress response but not grit.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression amongst Korean nursing students was high. Preparing strategies against depression amongst nursing students is an urgent matter. The mediating effect of stress response in the relationship between stress and depression was statistically significant, but that for grit was not. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate students' stress responses and provide personalised interventions, as well as reduce established stressors.Implications for the ProfessionStrategies to manage stress responses can be used to reduce depression caused by stress in nursing students.ImpactTo reduce depression in nursing students, it is necessary to investigate strategies to understand stress response, provide personalised interventions, and reduce already‐known stressors.Reporting MethodThe authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the STROBE checklist: cross‐sectional studies.Patient or Public ContributionNursing students were the subjects of data collection for this study and participated in the survey upon voluntary consent to participation.
Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Chitosan Film with Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa Leaf Extract Prepared Via 3D‐Printing Method
Authors: Vo‐An Quan , Nguyen Chinh Thuy , Pham Uyen Thu , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Duong Thanh , Hoang Dung Tran , Le Lu Trong , Ngo Quyen Thi Cam , Thai Hoang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe combination of natural polymers and plant extract attracted much attention thanks to its valuable biological activities. This study presents the preparation and characterization of chitosan (CS) film containing Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract. In which, the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract (SLE) with polyphenol‐rich fractions was extracted by an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method. The prepared chitosan/polyphenol‐rich fractions film (CSPPF) was characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption analysis. Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities of the CSPPF were assessed using the agar well diffusion method and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays, respectively. Besides, the release of the extract from the CSPPF as well as the drug release kinetics was also tested. The Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract enhanced the antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory activity as well as the swelling ability of the CSPPF. The CSPPF containing 1 wt.% of SLE can inhibit 77.70 % NO with an IC50 value of 19.40 μg/mL.
Study on tensile properties of Z‐pin reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composites with single lap joints
Authors: Jin Yue , Li Yong , Hu Zehui , Li Wenying , Li Lisha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the influence of Z‐pin implantation parameters on the load‐bearing effectiveness of single lap joints reinforced with Z‐pins. This study explores the effect of Z‐pin implantation parameters on the load‐bearing performance of the joint. Concurrently, a finite element simulation is employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the stress distribution and failure mode of the joint throughout the damage process. Furthermore, high‐temperature tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of temperature on the Z‐pin reinforcement mechanism. The findings demonstrated that Z‐pin reinforcement markedly augmented the peel resistance at the joint extremities, thereby postponing the inception of fissures. The maximum shear stress at the joint end exhibited a 4.81‐fold increase. During the loading process, the presence of Z‐pins effectively impeded the propagation of cracks, thereby enhancing the load‐carrying capacity of the joint. The reinforcement effect of Z‐pins exhibited variability with respect to the implantation area, with a maximum increase of 41.6%. The load capacity of the joint reached 2.51 kN/g per unit mass. However, as the temperature increased, Z‐pin pull‐out occurred, leading to a reduction in reinforcement efficiency. At high temperatures, frictional forces during Z‐pin pull‐out became the primary mechanism for dissipating crack propagation energy. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing Z‐pin reinforcement strategies for enhancing the mechanical performance of composite joints, particularly under varying thermal conditions.Highlights
The efficiency of different pin positions was evaluated.
Evaluation of Z‐pin enhancement efficiency using joint loading efficiency.
Establishment of a high‐precision finite element model with Z‐pin.
Analyzed the damage process of joints at high and normal temperatures.
Study the failure form of Z‐pin at high temperature.
Prediction of high‐temperature mechanical properties of filled rubber based on the deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Junpu , Zuo Yanjiang , Yue Xiaozhuang , Wang Yuxuan , Di Liupeng , Li Minghui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFilled rubber has wide applications in industries due to its high temperature and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately depict the high‐temperature mechanical behavior of the filled rubber. With the expansion of machine learning, the deep learning (DL) algorithm provides a new method to investigate the stress–strain relation of filled rubber. In this paper, the carbon nanotube‐filled fluororubber was used as an example to train various DL models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM) network, and CNN‐LSTM hybrid models. These models were trained using test data at relatively lower temperatures to predict the relation between stress and strain at higher temperatures. Comparing the test results, it was found that all the predicted results closely matched the experimental data. However, the CNN‐LSTM hybrid model exhibited the lowest error and the most stable calculation process. The results indicated that the DL model not only reduces the time and resources needed to develop new constitutive relationships for filled rubber but also offers greater advantages in predicting the high‐temperature mechanical properties of filled rubber.Highlights
DL models predict the high‐temperature mechanical behavior of filled rubber.
Higher temperature results got by extrapolation from lower temperature data.
More test data at various temperatures improve the prediction accuracy.
The prediction accuracy at 200°C surpasses at 220°C.
CNN‐LSTM model has the highest calculation efficiency and accuracy.
Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
Authors: Schaffer‐Morrison Samuel A. Z. , Ibáñez Inés , Weemstra Monique , Petri Lais , Umaña María Natalia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlant functional traits help determine resource acquisition strategies. Global trends at the interspecific scale suggest independence between leaf and root traits described by three functional dimensions: resource acquisition above‐ and belowground and degree of mycorrhizal collaboration belowground. However, there are ecological and evolutionary reasons to expect different patterns of variation within species, especially within seedlings—the stage at which most tree mortality occurs. Describing the intraspecific patterns of trait variation in seedlings will improve the understanding of tree populations' ability to cope with environmental change. We ask the following questions: (1) How do traits above‐ and belowground co‐vary within species? (2) How do traits relate to soil nutrients and light conditions? We collected root and leaf traits on 131 seedlings from four naturally occurring woody species across eight sites in a temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest in the USA. We measured traits reflecting resource use strategies—specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, root nitrogen, and root tissue density—and those defining the collaboration axis—specific root length and root diameter. We measured light conditions for each seedling and soil nitrogen and phosphorus to examine the relationship between traits and abiotic conditions using a novel multivariate regression analysis approach. We found that above‐ and belowground traits segregated into independent functional axes and that the collaboration axis merged with the belowground resource‐acquisition axis. We found limited associations between abiotic factors and traits. Our findings suggest that within species, there might be additional constraints to adjust to soil conditions and therefore impact response to environmental change.
Measuring Self‐Efficacy to Request Cancer‐Related Work Accommodations: Development and Validation of a Brief Survey Instrument
Authors: Blinder Victoria , Hamilton Jada G. , Eberle Carolyn , Finik Jackie , Narang Bharat , Maly Rose C. , Gany Francesca , Patil Sujata 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccess to work accommodations, such as time off to attend medical appointments, is a key predictor of cancer‐related job loss. We aimed to develop and validate a measure of self‐efficacy to request and obtain work accommodations related to diagnosis of breast cancer and need for treatment.MethodsThe 5‐item Self‐efficacy to Ask for Work Accommodations (SAWA) tool was adapted from a scale that measures self‐efficacy in patient‐physician interactions. English‐speaking, employed women, aged 18–64, who were undergoing treatment for stage I–III breast cancer completed surveys during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, and/or < 60 days since surgery) and 4 months after its completion. Post‐treatment surveys were the primary validation dataset; analyses were repeated using baseline data to further evaluate validity/reliability. Psychometric analyses included internal consistency, principal component factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity, and test‐retest reliability (in a subset of patients, 2 weeks after post‐treatment surveys).ResultsAmong 362 participants, the SAWA measure had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93, indicating high scale reliability. Factor analysis revealed one summary measure which could be divided into two subscales. Overall, the SAWA demonstrated convergent and divergent validity based on the hypothesized variables. Similar patterns were observed when analyses were repeated using baseline survey data. In the test‐retest subset, the Pearson correlation between SAWA assessed 4 months post‐treatment versus retest 2 weeks later was 0.79.ConclusionsThe SAWA is a validated survey instrument that can be used to measure self‐efficacy in employed cancer patients to ask for and obtain employment accommodations.
Notes on Characterizations of 2d Rational SCFTs: Algebraicity, Mirror Symmetry, and Complex Multiplication
Authors: Kidambi Abhiram , Okada Masaki , Watari Taizan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractS. Gukov and C. Vafa proposed a characterization of rational superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in dimensions with Ricci‐flat Kähler target spaces in terms of the Hodge structure of the target space, extending an earlier observation by G. Moore. The idea is refined, and a conjectural statement on necessary and sufficient conditions for such SCFTs to be rational is obtained, which is indeed proven to be true in the case the target space is . In the refined statement, the algebraicity of the geometric data of the target space turns out to be essential, and the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow fibration in the mirror correspondence also plays a vital role.
Managing the risk of continued operation with out‐of‐service safety instrumented system devices
Authors: Kottawar Kedar , Sharma Jyoti , Summers Angela E. , Roche Eloise 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSafety instrumented systems (SIS) are used to reduce the frequency of hazardous events in the process industry. When SIS equipment has a detected failure or requires online maintenance, the processing facility must decide whether to continue operation or shut down. Continued operation can pose risks beyond what was deemed acceptable as per the company's risk criteria. Understanding the peak risk is important to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of the risk and have compensating measures that ensure continued safe operation until the SIS equipment is returned to service. The paper proposes using Peak Risk Analysis (PRA) to identify unacceptable risks and to document the compensating measures required to support continued safe operation with out‐of‐service SIS equipment.