bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three different green fabrication methods for the synthesis of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
Authors: Vahidi Afsaneh , Vaghari Hamideh , Najian Yahya , Najian Mohammad Javad , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were green synthesized usingPelargonum zonaleleaf extract under three different heating methods, and their characteristics were evaluated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and antibacterial well diffusion method. The FT-IR analysis indicated that thePelargoniumleaf extract contained hydroxyl and amide I groups which were related to the proteins, carbohydrate, tannins and phenolic compounds of the extract and had an essential role in the reduction of the zinc ions and synthesis of the ZnO NPs. The obtained results revealed that the synthesized spherical individual ZnO NPs as well as the number of aggregates using microwave irradiation, autoclave and conventional heating (heater-stirrer) methods had average crystalline size of 51, 60 and 61 nm. Furthermore, antioxidant activities of the fabricated ZnO NPs were 7.8, 4.1 and 5.5% by using conventional heating, autoclave and microwave irradiation, respectively. The obtained results indicated that all the formed ZnO NPs had bactericidal effects against to the both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria strains. However, the synthesized ZnO NPs using conventional heating method had the highest antibacterial activities toward both studied bacteria strains.
An efficient cascade synthesis of substituted 6,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-f]quinoline- 8-carbonitriles
Authors: Li Hong-Lei , Chen Juan , Chen Dong-Sheng , Shi Pan , Liu Jia-Yan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-f]quinoline-8-carbonitriles 4a–h and 6a–k involves the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, 1H-indazol-6-amine and 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile or 3-oxo-3-arylpropanenitrile in ethanol under mild conditions.
Synthesis and properties of tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chang Haizhen , Vavallo Christopher L. , Jiang Jianhui , Zeng Zebing , Yang Junliang , Smith Mark D. , Miao Shaobin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Two new aza-acenequinone derivatives 4 and 5 were prepared by cyclocondensation of diamines 2 and 3 with bis(triisopropylsilyl)-dialkynyl-l,2-dione 1. Further reactions of compounds 4 and 5 with malononitrile using the Lehnert reagent afforded corresponding tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) derivatives 6 and 7. Compounds 4, 6 and 7 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Compounds 6 and 7 were studied electrochemically and photochemically. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on compounds 6 and 7 indicate that both compounds have the potential to be candidates for organic semiconductor materials.
Caffeine consumption patterns and determinants among adolescents in Serbia
Authors: Milovanovic Dragana Dragas , Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Scekic Milica , Djordjevic Natasa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
The number of adolescents who use caffeine is constantly increasing. As juvenile age is vulnerable, it is reasonable to expect that they will differently perceive reason and react to caffeine use than adults, and be more prone to unwanted physiological and psychological consequences of its consumption.

Aim:
Analysis of the scope and pattern of caffeine consumption among adolescents in Serbia.

Study design:
The cross-sectional survey was implemented in the study population of 191 Serbian adolescents during 2010.

Results:
The median daily intake of caffeine was 95.6 mg. The major source of caffeine was brewed coffee, and the most common reasons for caffeine intake were leisure, peer influence, or habit. Only 57.6% of the subjects were aware that caffeine is present in consumed beverages. Sex affected the pattern, but not the overall level, of caffeine consumption. No association between caffeine consumption and smoking status, frequency of caffeine use in the family, or negative personal experience with caffeine effects was observed.

Conclusion:
Our investigation provides first and rather detailed insight into caffeine-containing beverage consumption scope and pattern among Serbian adolescents. For accurate estimation and analysis of caffeine intake in this population, randomized studies with prospective longitudinal design, caffeine content measurement, and more subjects involved are warranted.
A cross-sectional study to assess awareness about menstruation in adolescent girls of an urban slum in western Maharashtra
Authors: Dudeja Puja , Sindhu Apoorva , Shankar Pooja , Gadekar Tukaram 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. An important concern for adolescent girls is to have adequate, correct knowledge along with facilities and the cultural environment to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity. Hence, the present study was done to assess knowledge and practices about menstruation in adolescent school girls of an urban slum.

Methodology:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among girls of a Government School located in an urban slum of western Maharashtra. A total of 250 girls participated. Data collection was through a pilot-tested questionnaire. The data thus collected were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 20 software. All girls were educated about menstrual hygiene after the study.

Results:
The mean age of the students was 14.9±1.75 years. The mean age at menarche was 11.97 (95% CI: 11.94–11.99). It was observed that only half (56.4%) had acquired prior knowledge about attaining menarche. Out of these in a large proportion, the knowledge was imparted to them by their mothers (60.7%), followed by friends (31.8%). There was no significant association between educational status of mother and awareness in respondent about menstruation. Regarding the organ of menstrual blood flow, half (50.7%) knew the correct answer (i.e. uterus); whereas the rest believed that it was stomach/kidney, etc. Most of the school girls (90.5%) used sanitary pads. Almost 90% of the young women faced physical complaints or health problems during menstruation. Most of the participants had some kind of restrictions on them during the menstruation and most of these were religious restrictions (69.7%) followed by physical (41.2%) and social restrictions (22.3%). All of them were unsatisfied with the toilets and hand washing facilities available inside the school premises.

Conclusion:
Correct knowledge in adolescent young girls regarding menstruation is lacking. Lack of awareness is a roadblock in adopting safe and hygienic menstrual practices. It also hinders them from overcoming traditional beliefs, misconceptions and restrictions regarding menstruation. This will empower them as they transition into womanhood.
Hypogammaglobulinemia and imaging features in a patient with infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) and a novel mutation in the SLC17A5 gene
Authors: Žigman Tamara , Petković Ramadža Danijela , Lušić Mario , Zekušić Marija , Ninković Dorotea , Gardijan Danilo , Potočki Kristina , Omerza Lana , Beljan Lucija , Žarković Kamelija , Kerkhof Jennifer , Ljubojević Marija , de Sain-van der Velden Monique , Vuković Jurica , Fumić Ksenija , Sadiković Bekim , Barić Ivo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) is a severe multisystemic disorder characterized by the accumulation of free sialic acid in lysosomes.

Case presentation
The patient presented prenatally with fetal ascites and large scrotal hernias, without pleural or pericardial effusion. During the infantile period, he was diagnosed with permanent isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) hypogammaglobulinemia, which thus far has rarely been associated with ISSD. The analysis of the SLC17A5 gene revealed a novel homozygous 94 bp gene deletion. We further provide a detailed description of pre- and postnatal clinical and radiographic findings.

Conclusions
Fetal ascites could be the first sign of several lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), including ISSD. The analysis of LSD gene panels is an effective approach to diagnosis in the case of non-specific symptoms and when specific biochemical tests are not easily available.
Internal Curing to Mitigate Cracking in Rapid Set Repair Media
Authors: Quezada Ivan , Thomas Robert J. , Maguire Marc 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Rapid hydration and high early strength portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) concretes are commonly used as pavement repair media. Field trials reveal a tendency to crack along the longitudinal axis of the repair. The authors hypothesized that internal curing with saturated lightweight aggregate would prevent or delay restrained shrinkage cracking in the rapid repair media. The fresh properties (slump, setting time), mechanical properties (elastic modulus, compressive and tensile strength), and volume stability (autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, restrained ring shrinkage, creep) of the rapid repair media were evaluated with and without internal curing with saturated lightweight aggregate. Despite delayed hydration and reduced early-age strength, internally cured concretes could retain the requisite minimum 4-hour compressive strength of 4,000 psi. Significant improvements in volume stability were also noted. Drying and autogenous shrinkage were reduced by factors up to 20 % and 50 %. However, detrimentally, creep shrinkage was increased by factors up to 45 %, respectively. The time to cracking in restrained ring shrinkage tests was increased by factors up to 60 %. These results indicate that internal curing can successfully improve volume stability and mitigate restrained shrinkage cracking in rapid repair media without compromising fresh properties or ultimate mechanical strength.
Internally Cured Concrete for Pavement and Bridge Deck Applications
Authors: Subgranon Thanachart , Kim Kukjoo , Tia Mang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Laboratory and full-scale slab testing programs were conducted to evaluate the performance of internally cured concrete (ICC) using lightweight aggregates for application in bridge decks and concrete pavement. The laboratory testing program evaluated three standard mixes (SM) and three ICC mixes with the same water-to-cementitious materials (w/cm) ratio and cementitious content. The amounts of water-reducing admixtures needed for the ICC mixes to achieve the same workability was less than that needed for the corresponding standard mixes. The compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the ICC mixes were lower than those of the SM mixes with the same w/cm ratio. Restrained shrinkage testing indicated that the ICC mixes, despite having higher drying shrinkage, had a substantially greater resistance to shrinkage cracking than the standard mixes. One SM and two ICC test slabs were constructed to evaluate the performance of ICC in pavement slabs. The results of the critical stress analysis from finite element models show that, at a critical loading condition, the computed stress-to-strength ratios for the ICC slabs were lower than those of the SM slab. Heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) testing of the SM slab produced some hairline cracks next to the wheel path. These hairline cracks possibly occurred when microshrinkage cracks developed into hairline cracks after the slab was loaded repetitively by the HVS. No surface cracks were observed for the two ICC slabs after HVS testing. Based on these results, the ICC test slabs had higher resistance to cracking than the SM test slab.
Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behavior in the Human Infant
Authors: Lester Barry M. , Conradt Elisabeth , LaGasse Linda L. , Tronick Edward Z. , Padbury James F. , Marsit Carmen J. 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine if variations in maternal care alter DNA methylation in term, healthy, 5-month-old infants. This work was based on landmark studies in animal models demonstrating that nurturing care by dams would alter their newborns’ stress responses through epigenetic mechanisms. We used breastfeeding as a proxy for animal maternal behavior. We hypothesized alterations in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and less hypothalamic stress response in infants of mothers who breastfed their infants versus infants of mothers who did not breastfeed.METHODS:A cohort study of term, healthy infants and their mothers who did (n = 21) or did not (n = 21) breastfeed for the first 5 months was used in this analysis. Cortisol stress reactivity was measured in infant saliva by using a mother-infant interaction procedure and DNA methylation of an important regulatory region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Changes in DNA methylation of this gene in humans were compared to homologous regions of the rat gene. DNA samples were prepared from cheek swabs and subjected to quantitative analysis of the extent of methylation by using sensitive sequencing techniques.RESULTS:Breastfeeding was associated with decreased DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor promoter and decreased cortisol reactivity in 5-month-old infants. Decreased DNA methylation occurred in the promoter region involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and immune system responses.CONCLUSIONS:Maternal care in humans may impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response through behavioral programming and manifest as offspring epigenetic change. These results explain, in part, some of the positive effects observed in children who are breastfed.
Evaluation of upper gastro intestinal endoscopy among HIV positive and negative patients at a tertiary care hospital: a comparative study
Authors: Rengaswamy Ramapriya , L. Thayumanavan 
Published: September 2018

Background: Endoscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for most HIV-associated GI diseases, as endoscopic and histopathologic evaluation can render diagnoses in patients with non-specific symptoms. The objective of the present research was to study the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings among HIV positive patients and compare them with HIV negative patients.Methods: A comparative study was carried out in the department of General Medicine to study the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings among HIV positive patients and compare them with HIV negative patients for a period of two years. 101 cases who were HIV positive were compared with equal number of HIV negative subjects. The subjects in the case group as well as control group were chosen randomly.Results: There was a significant lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori positivity (38.6%) among HIV positive patients when compared to controls (73.6%). There were overall 63 patients with abnormal biopsy findings in HIV group and 75 patients with abnormal biopsy findings in the control group. Among HIV positive patients who were also RUT positive approximately 80% had abnormal histopathological findings. Similarly, among the RUT positive control 81% of the patients had abnormal biopsy findings. Incidence of normal biopsy findings was more in the control group (57.1%) compared to the study group (48.4%). But this difference was not found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The histology of gastric mucosa was no different in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative subjects with HIV. But Helicobacter pylori incidence was significantly less in HIV positive persons compared to HIV negative.
‘And Raise Me Up a Golden Barrow’
Authors: Uzzell Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

The stories we tell ourselves about our beginnings are a vital part of our sense of identity and belonging. For Druids living in the UK those stories tend to be deeply rooted in a sense of connectedness with the landscape and with the ‘Ancestors’, usually situated in an imagined and often idealized pre-Christian past. Since the time of William Stukeley, himself associated with the Druid Revival of the Eighteenth Century; the Druids have been associated in the popular romantic imagination with the ancient burial mounds that proliferate in the landscape. The fact that this association is not historically correct has done little to weaken its power.
This paper will focus on the construction, in recent years, of a number of barrows, mimicking the Neolithic monuments, and designed to take human cremated remains in niches built into the construction. The fact that this initiative has proved hugely popular with Druids, but also with many others testifies to the power that the barrows hold over the imagination. Why is this? What stories are being told about the barrows, and do those stories have to say about connections to ‘deep time’, to the land, to each other, to community and to the future.
The British Nativity Play
Authors: Murphy Lucinda 
Published: September 2018

Year upon year the scene is set for what has, for many in Britain, become a strikingly and tangibly familiar image of Christmas and ultimately of childhood. Shepherds fiddle distractedly with their tea-towels. Angels preen their sparkly foil wings and hoist up their white woollen tights. Proudly bejewelled Kings fight over makeshift cardboard crowns. The school nativity play has become an ingrained part of British culture, and perhaps even something of a rite of passage. Despite the continuing prevalence and popularity of this ritualized narrative in British churches and schools, this phenomenon has not, until now, attracted any sustained academic study.
This paper discusses four qualitative interviews I conducted in 2016 with parents whose children had recently performed in a nativity play at a non-faith state primary school in London. Examining how these parents interpreted their experiences, understandings, and memories of this dramatized narrative, I consider how the religious/cultural narrative is retold and reinterpreted through and in relation to personal life narratives. I draw upon anthropological and psychological theories of meaning seeking, memory making, and identity construction to explore how personal participation in, connection to, and narration of cultural/religious narratives might impact the type of valueattributed to their contents.
Novel Swine Inﬂ uenza AH1N1 and the Phase Six Pandemic
Authors: Khadka M 
Published: September 2018

The family Orthomyxoviridae consists of Influenza A virus which is negative sense single stranded virus. The genome of the virus is segmented and possesses a peculiar trait of genetic reassortment. The influenza virus on its envelop consists of the antigenic glycoprotein like haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The changes in those glycoprotein components due to antigenic shift and antigenic drift leads to the development of new strain of Influenza A viruses. Now the novel swine influenza A/H1N1 strain has been detected from different parts of the world which is causing pandemic. World Health Organization has declared the pandemic phase six and more than 60 countries have reported the cases of novel influenza A/H1N1 strain including Nepal. As the disease is spreading world wide, it is a major public health concern for all the countries. And especially the developing countries like Nepal should immediately respond to the situation and should be well prepared to combat the disease before the disease spreads to enough population.
Keywords: pandemic, public health, reassortment, swine influenza A/H1N1.
Computed tomographic Assessment of Lateral Lamella of Cribiform Plate and Comparison of Depth of Olfactory Fossa
Authors: Bista M , Maharjan M , Shrestha S , KC T 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic sinus surgery is an upcoming branch in rhinological practice but with some major risks since it has to play around the skull base area. Lateral lamella of cribriform plate is the thinnest area of the skull base. Thus this study is undertaken to evaluate the height of lateral lamella of cribriform plate and the depth of olfactory fossae by the help of computed tomographic images.
METHODS:
Computed tomographic study of 50 patients was done in Advanced Imaging and Diagnostic center, Kathmandu Medical College. Coronal sections at the centre of infra-orbital foramina were taken as reference slide. The height of cribriform plate point was subtracted from the height of medial ethmoidal roof point to measure the length of lateral lamella of cribriform plates on both sides.
RESULTS:
The median height of LLCP in 100 slides was 2.8 mm. LLCP height was 0 to 3.9 mm in 86 slides, 4 to 7 mm in 12 slides and greater than 7mm in 2 slides. The LLCP length was greater in right side in 28 (56%) patients and was greater in left side in 19 (38%) patients. It was equal in both sides in only three patients (6%).
CONCLUSIONS:
As regards the length of LLCP; 0 to 3.9 mm length was most common. The olfactory fossa depth was more in the right side compared to the left side. Thus, right side is more vulnerable to injury during surgery. Thus adequate caution has to be exercised by the rhinological surgeon during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Keywords: lateral lamella of Cribriform plate, medical ethmoidal roof, olfactory fossa.
Clinicopathologic Profile of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Shrestha SG , Dhakhwa R , Chokhani R 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Bronchogenic carcinoma is the most common cancer in the world. It can present in many ways. Accurate diagnosis and categorization into different types is important because of its effect on prognosis and management. We conducted this study to find out the frequency of various histological types of bronchogenic carcinoma and correlate with their clinicopathologic profile.
METHODS:
This is a retrospective study conducted in 174 histopathologically proven cases of bronchogenic carcinoma that were referred from different parts of the country to a private hospital in Kathmandu over a period of 4 years.
RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients developing bronchogenic carcinoma was 64 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic subtype followed by small cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma was more common in females. Clinical history was available in 133 cases. Among them, almost all patients had a history of smoking, the average number of pack years being 39.99. Most of the patients consulted doctor for chief complaint of cough and shortness of breath, the average duration of symptoms being 117.53 days.
CONCLUSIONS:
The lung cancer must be ruled out in all patients who have persistent signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease with a history of smoking.
KEYWORDS: bronchogenic, histopathology, smoking.
Journal Of The Nepal Medical Association
Authors: Author No 
Published: September 2018

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