bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does distance to hospital and interhospital transfer negatively impact time to definitive fixation and outcomes in patients with fractured neck of femur in a rural setting?
Authors: Murphy Geoffrey T. , Tong Felice , Rozenbroek Paul , Mostofi Zadeh Haghighi David , Sefton Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate in patients over 65 with neck of femur (NOF) fractures in Rural Australia, does initial presentation to a peripheral hospital result in a delay to surgery?DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDubba Base Hospital, Trauma Hospital Rural Australia (Modified Monash Model (MMM) 3) and catchment area (MMM 3–7), NSW, Australia.ParticipantsThe study includes 350 patients over 65, presenting with closed, unilateral NOF fractures who underwent operative management at the operating centre, 203 from peripheral hospitals.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes include time to surgery and adherence to recommended timeframes for NOF fixation. Secondary outcomes encompass complications, hospital length of stay and a subgroup analysis to identify causes of surgery delay.ResultsPatients transferred from peripheral hospitals experienced a statistically significant delay in time from presentation to surgery compared to those presenting directly to the operating centre (42 h vs. 24 h, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be outside of current guidelines for NOF fixation within 36 h of presentation (OR 5.1, p < 0.001). There were no differences in mortality at 1 year between the two groups (15% vs. 18%, p = 0.5). On subgroup analysis, distance from the operating centre, time to x‐ray and after‐hours presentation were associated with increased likelihood of surgery outside of 36 h in the peripheral hospital group.ConclusionThis study underscores an inequity in service delivery for rural patients with NOF fractures, particularly those requiring transfer. Pre‐arrival delays necessitate targeted interventions to address diagnostic service delays, logistical challenges and transport issues in rural health care.
South–South Theoretical Dialogues: The Tanzanian Experience (1974–76) in Milton Santos’ Spatial Theory
Authors: de Jesus Neto Antonio Gomes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Brazilian geographer Milton Santos is known for his sophisticated theorisation of geographical space. Less well known, however, is the role that Milton Santos’ experience at the University of Dar‐es‐Salaam (from 1974 to 1976) played in his work. Structured by Julius Nyerere as the core for the development of an independent and socialist Tanzania, the Dar‐es‐Salaam School hosted several Marxist intellectuals such as Walter Rodney, Issa Shivji, and David Slater, as well as Milton Santos. This paper seeks to unpack Santos’ Tanzanian experience through literature review and research in his archives at the Institute of Brazilian Studies, University of São Paulo (Brazil). The idea is also to discuss the extent to which the discussions of the Dar‐es‐Salaam School influenced his conceptual framework, including one of his later definitions of geographical space.
Genocopy of EVI1‐AML with paraneoplastic diabetes insipidus: PRDM16 overexpression by t(1;2)(p36;p21) and enhancer hijacking
Authors: List Julian , Sollier Etienne , Brown‐Burke Fiona , Kelly Katherine , Pfeifer Dietmar , Shlyakhto Valeria , Maas‐Bauer Kristina , Pantic Milena , Plass Christoph , Lübbert Michael 
Published: November 2024

SummaryDiabetes insipidus (DI) in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chromosome 3q alterations (EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM overexpression) constitutes a poorly understood paraneoplasia. A 44‐year‐old patient presented with clinical and morphological features of this syndrome but, surprisingly, disclosed the rare translocation t(1;2)(p36;p21), with massive PRDM16 overexpression. WGS and RNA sequencing suggest enhancer hijacking of the ZFP36L2 enhancer region as underlying mechanism. Methylome alterations were similar to those in EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM AML, indicating converging pathways. The patient was successfully allografted, she is in complete remission 14 months later. We conclude that t(1;2)(p36;p21), with massive PRDM16 overexpression, can result in a faithful genocopy of EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM AML, including DI.
Regional specialization: From the geography of industries to the geography of jobs
Authors: Gervais Antoine , Markusen James R. , Venables Anthony J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOur analysis begins with an empirical investigation of how employment concentration in industries and occupations across regions of the United States has changed over time and how regional specialization has changed. Results show that industry concentration and specialization indices have fallen, while occupation concentration and specialization indices have risen. Using this background as motivation, we develop a model in which the comparative advantage of regions lies in their productivity of supplying functions such as law, finance, advertising and engineering, to multiple sectors. Productivity differences specific to region functions shape the location decisions of industries that use multiple functions and hence determine patterns of regional specialization both in functions and in sectors. A key parameter is the cost of sourcing functions from a different region (fragmentation costs), and we show that a fall in this cost mimics the data: sector concentration and regional specialization fall and function concentration and specialization rise. At high fragmentation costs, regional comparative advantage in sectors determines general equilibrium analogous to a Heckscher–Ohlin model (HO). At low fragmentation costs, comparative advantage in functions drives an equilibrium that has little resemblance to a HO world.
Survival and Success of 3D‐Printed Versus Milled Immediate Provisional Full‐Arch Restorations: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sobczak Barbara , Majewski Piotr , Egorenkov Evgenii 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the survival rates of 3D‐printed and chairside milled resin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) immediate temporary provisional full‐arch implant restorations using prosthetic survival as the primary outcome.Materials and MethodsRecords of 335 routine patients receiving 443 temporary six‐implant retained maxillary or mandibular prosthetic restorations between January 2019 and January 2022 at a private clinic (Dr Sobczak Clinical Centre, Radosc, Poland) were considered for this retrospective analysis. The analysis compared prosthetic and implant failure rates between printed and milled restorations as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Patient‐related and treatment‐related characteristics between groups were compared using the Chi‐square test and Mann–Whitney U‐test, respectively. Group‐specific cumulative prosthetic survival was qualitatively and quantitively compared using Kaplan–Meier, generalized linear mixed models and univariate cox proportional hazard analyses. Prosthetic survival was set into context to implant survival using Chi‐square tests. A multivariable cox proportional hazards model with frailty was used to identify confounding factors affecting prosthetic survival.ResultsProsthetic failure rates of milled and printed temporary restorations were 13.01% and 11.25% over the average follow‐up period of 307.7 ± 115.5 days, respectively. The corresponding 180‐day cumulative prosthetic survival rates were 92.4% and 93%. Hazard ratios for the prosthetic failure of milled and printed restorations did not show a statistical difference (p = 0.794). Implant failure rates in restorations that experienced prosthetic failure (17.31%) were higher compared to restorations without failures (5.63%), with a 3.2 times significantly higher odds of failure for a prosthesis experiencing implant loss (p = 0.003). Gender, presence of teeth at treatment baseline, smoking, and bone augmentation were identified as confounding factors impacting prosthetic survival.ConclusionChairside 3D‐printed restorations may represent an equivalent treatment modality to established chairside milled restorations for immediate full‐arch therapy. Provisional prosthetic survival may impact implant survival and treatment success.
Cultural ecosystem services and the conservation challenges for an Indigenous people's aquatic protected area practice
Authors: Vave Ron , Friedlander Alan M. , Kittinger John N. , Ticktin Tamara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobally, protected areas associated with sacred sites and cemeteries are an emerging area of research. However, they are biased toward terrestrial systems. In Fiji, funerary protected areas (FPAs) in freshwater and marine systems are culturally protected by Indigenous Fijians following the burial of a loved one on clan land. First documented in the 1800s, FPAs in Fiji have not been researched despite more than 30 years of conservation efforts and countrywide comanagement of natural resources. We sought to bridge this knowledge gap by elucidating 8 socioecological attributes of Indigenous FPAs through stratified, purposive, semistructured interviews of 201 key informants across Fiji's 189 districts. Seventy‐three districts actively implemented FPAs; another 34 were not being implemented because of low FPA awareness, FPA exclusion from comanagement plans, and conflicts in chief selection. Thirty‐three percent of districts established FPAs for chiefs only, and 20% established FPAs for any clan member, resulting in the establishment of numerous FPAs annually. From the 1960s to 2019, 188 FPAs were established. Forty‐four percent of FPAs were protected for 100 nights, and 47% protected all resources and associated ecosystems in the FPA. Only 25% of districts harvested edible fish and invertebrates; another 22% harvested edible fish only. For some chiefs’ funeral rites, only turtles were harvested, which are protected by law, thereby requiring government exemption for traditional use. The FPA harvest provisions varied from engaging whole communities to engaging specific clans, such as traditional fishers or those who performed the burial. Our results showed that practices associated with FPAs in Fiji are diverse, organically evolving, and more socially nuanced and complex than the fisheries and food provisioning focus they are known for. Erosion of Indigenous knowledge and practices associated with FPAs and FPA exclusion from conservation planning will negatively affect social and ecological resilience, resulting in vulnerable communities.
A framework for promoting disciplinary diversity and inclusion through epistemic justice
Authors: Nyssa Zoe , Winkler‐Schor Sophia , Lobo Diele , Eyster Harold N. , Wright Andrew J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntegrating diverse disciplines and knowledge practices into conservation offers new insights into the complex socioecological dynamics of conservation challenges and how to address them. Integration, however, is not simple; disciplines differ widely in their epistemic and professional commitments, theories, methods, applications, practices, and codes of ethics. Using an epistemic justice approach, we examined how and why different forms of disciplinary and social diversity are connected and offer a framework for promoting disciplinary diversity for conservation science and practice. This framework draws on a literature review and open‐ended responses from surveys of Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) members (n = 577) and nonmembers (n = 213) on experiences of professional and disciplinary exclusion and inclusion collected by SCB's Disciplinary Inclusion Task Force. We propose 4 steps conservation organizations and projects can take to promote disciplinary diversity and inclusion: know your history; understand power dynamics; listen to underrepresented voices; and operationalize disciplinary diversity and inclusion. As members of a highly interdisciplinary and diverse task force, we illustrated this framework through reflections on our shared experiences working together and the challenges and opportunities we faced.
Individual and joint associations of obesity and metabolic health parameters on arterial stiffness: Evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Ananda Roshan A. , Solomon Bethlehem , Ray Kausik K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsThere is conflicting evidence regarding whether excess adiposity without metabolic abnormalities reflects a truly benign phenotype. This study evaluated the independent and joint associations of the presence of excess adiposity and metabolic abnormalities on arterial stiffness.Materials and MethodsParticipants in UK Biobank with body mass index (BMI) and arterial stiffness index (ASI) recorded between 2006 and 2010, free from cardiovascular diseases and not underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) were included. The primary outcome was severity of ASI analysed using multivariate‐adjusted linear regression.ResultsOf 162 590 participants, 42.5% were overweight and 24.4% were obese. Within the normal BMI strata, 50.7% had ≥1 metabolic abnormality. Compared to individuals with normal BMI and no metabolic abnormality (reference group), increased BMI or metabolic abnormalities were similarly associated with higher ASI: normal BMI with metabolic abnormalities (adjusted β‐coefficient and 95% CI, 0.35; 0.30–0.40); overweight without metabolic abnormalities (0.32; 0.26–0.37). Individuals with obesity and no metabolic abnormality had higher ASI (0.65; 0.57–0.74) but was lower than individuals with overweight and metabolic abnormalities (0.80; 0.75–0.84). Individuals with obesity and metabolic abnormalities had the highest ASI (1.07; 1.02–1.12) among all six metabolic combinations, p < 0.001 for each versus reference group. Sensitivity analysis suggested higher ASI with increasing number of metabolic abnormalities within BMI categories and higher ASI in the presence of abdominal obesity within metabolic categories.ConclusionsExcess adiposity and metabolic abnormalities are independently associated with increased arterial stiffness to a similar degree, suggesting that metabolically healthy individuals with overweight and obesity are not benign groups. This reinforces the need to prevent excess adiposity and consider primary prevention strategies even before metabolic abnormalities emerge.
Inclisiran versus alirocumab in improving lipid profile parameters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saad Cleto André , Schirlo João Matheus , Oliveira Gomes Victor Hugo , Julinhaque Beraldo Maria Luiza , Sponholz Neiverth Guinter , Beltrame Mayara , Machozeki Janete , Martins Camila Marinelli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsDyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some patients are resistant to conventional treatment. In these patients, there is the possibility of using PCSK9 inhibitors. The objective of this systematic review was to compare alirocumab with inclisiran in improving the lipid profile.Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols Statement (PRISMA) and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024563261). The following databases were accessed on 2 July 2024: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Clinical trials that evaluated the lipid profile were included. With these data, meta‐analyses were carried out seeking to evaluate the difference between the baseline and the 12‐ and 24‐week endpoints.ResultsInitially, 1157 studies were found, of which 32 were included. In total, 30 718 patients participated in the included studies. There was a statistically significant difference, favouring alirocumab 75 mg (−51.54%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −53.43%; −49.66%), in relation to inclisiran 300 mg (−41.34%, 95% CI −50.30%; −31.34%) in reducing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) (p = 0.05), in relation to inclisiran 200 and 300 mg in reducing total cholesterol (p < 0.01) (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p = 0.02) (p = 0.04) in 24 weeks. Furthermore, alirocumab 150 mg was superior to both doses of inclisiran in reducing total cholesterol (p < 0.01) (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of lipoprotein(a) by alirocumab 75 mg (−22.35%, 95% CI −24.67; −20.03) and 150 mg (−25.17%, 95% CI −30.94; −19.41) compared to inclisiran 300 mg (−13.37, 95% CI −28.66; 1.93) (p = 0.26) (p = 0.16).ConclusionAlirocumab was superior to inclisiran in improving the lipid profile, especially in reducing LDL‐C, total cholesterol and triglycerides.
Growth across Grades and Common Item Grade Alignment in Vertical Scaling Using the Rasch Model
Authors: Student Sanford R. , Briggs Derek C. , Davis Laurie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVertical scales are frequently developed using common item nonequivalent group linking. In this design, one can use upper‐grade, lower‐grade, or mixed‐grade common items to estimate the linking constants that underlie the absolute measurement of growth. Using the Rasch model and a dataset from Curriculum Associates’ i‐Ready Diagnostic in math in grades 3–7, we demonstrate how grade‐to‐grade mean differences in mathematics proficiency appear much larger when upper‐grade linking items are used instead of lower‐grade items, with linkings based on a mixture of items falling in between. We then consider salient properties of the three calibrated scales including invariance of the different sets of common items to student grade and item difficulty reversals. These exploratory analyses suggest that upper‐grade common items in vertical scaling are more subject to threats to score comparability across grades, even though these items also tend to imply the most growth.
Sick leave and homecare need in patients with transient ischaemic attack compared with ischaemic stroke: A nationwide follow‐up study
Authors: Ebbesen Birgitte Hede , Grøntved Simon , Modrau Boris , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Andreasen Jane , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeEmerging evidence indicates lasting impairments in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA), which may be unexpected as symptoms per definition recover within 24 h. How these impairments impact return to work or the ability to maintain independence is unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the need of sick leave or homecare following TIA compared with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).Materials and methodsPatients registered with TIA in the Danish Stroke Registry from 2014 to 2021 were included. Information on sick leave benefits and use of homecare was obtained from national registries. The cumulative risk of sick leave or homecare was calculated and compared with AIS. A hazard rate ratio (HRR) for return to work was calculated.ResultsIn total, 29,261 TIA and 64,295 AIS events were included. For TIA, 6770 patients paid labour market contribution before TIA, of which 1240 patients (18.3%) received sick leave benefits after 5–12 weeks. For AIS 48.1% (5940 of 12,340) received sick leave benefits. The HRR for return to work was 2.37 (95% confidence interval 2.13–2.64). For patients aged 65–79, a total of 15.4% TIA (175 of 1136) and 30.6% AIS (1443 of 4716) started to receive homecare at 3 months. The HRR was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.49–0.62).ConclusionDespite the transient event almost one out of five working patients with TIA receive sick leave benefits 5–12 weeks after. Initiation of homecare was required in nearly one out of six patients with TIA aged 65–79 years.
Decrement of choroid vascularization during spontaneous migraine attacks: An optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Trigila Vincenzo , Cuffaro Giovanni , Marcelli Sofia , Iannone Luigi Francesco , Calabresi Paolo , Savino Gustavo , Vollono Catello 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the microcirculation of the macula, the optic nerve, and the choroid in patients with migraine by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) during spontaneous migraine attacks, comparing the findings with scans performed in the interictal period in the same subjects and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsIn this case‐crossover design study, patients diagnosed with migraine who underwent an OCTA during a migraine attack were enrolled. A cohort of HCs was recruited for comparison. Data from ocular and orthotic examinations and clinical and demographical information were collected. All subjects were imaged with Solix full range OCT, recording the following parameters: macular vessel density (VD), inside disc VD, peripapillary VD, disc whole image VD, fovea choriocapillaris VD, fovea VD, parafovea VD, peripapillary thickness, fovea thickness, parafovea thickness, macular full retinal thickness, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ).ResultsThirteen patients (26 eyes individually assessed) with a diagnosis of migraine were included (9 without aura [69.2%] and 4 with aura [30.7%], with a mean age of 25.2 ± 3.4 years) and scanned during the ictal and interictal phase. Fifteen age‐matched HCs (30 eyes individually assessed) were included. The foveal choriocapillaris VD was significantly lower in the ictal phase (63.3 ± 2.47%) compared to the interictal phase in the same patients (64.9 ± 2.79%) (p = 0.0019). Comparing the ictal scans from migraine patients and HCs, the FAZ area was significantly larger, and the inside disc, fovea, and fovea choriocapillaris VDs were significantly lower.ConclusionThe study demonstrated a dynamic decrement in choroidal vascularization in migraine patients during spontaneous migraine attacks.
Flexible Distribution Approaches to Enhance Regression and Deep Topic Modelling Techniques
Authors: Koochemeshkian Pantea , Bouguila Nizar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an extension of the Dirichlet multinomial regression (DMR) and deep Dirichlet multinomial regression (dDMR) topic modelling approaches by incorporating the generalised Dirichlet (GD) and Beta‐Liouville (BL) distributions using collapsed Gibbs sampling for parameter inference. The DMR and dDMR approaches have been shown to be effective in discovering latent topics in text corpora. However, these approaches have limitations when it comes to handling complex data structures and overfitting issues. To address these limitations, we introduce the GD and BL distributions, which have more flexibility in modelling complex data structures and handling sparse data. Additionally, we use collapsed Gibbs sampling to estimate the model parameters, which provides a computationally efficient method for inference. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving topic modelling performance, particularly in handling complex data structures and reducing overfitting. The proposed models also exhibit good interpretability of the learned topics, making them suitable for various applications in natural language processing and machine learning.