bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEK PEMBATASAN PAKAN DAN SUMBER SERAT KASAR BERBEDA TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM PEDAGING
Authors: Binowo Seruni , Tulung Bernat , Londok Jola J.M.R. , Regar Mursye N. 
Published: July 2019

EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AND DIFFERENT CRUDE FIBER SOURCES ON THE BORILER PERFORMANCE. The research aim was to determine the performance of Lohman strain broiler were given by food restriction of 20 percent and 10 percent levels of crude fiber from different fiber sources originated from coffee peel, rice bran and coconut pulp. This research was carried out in a poultry house at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, UNSRAT Manado, during 6 weeks using 48 unsex Lohman strain broilers at 21 days old. The research method was using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) based on factorial pattern (2x4). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. Factor A was a feed restriction consisting of feed without restriction (A0) and restriction of 20% feed for 8 days (A1). Factor B was a source of fiber consisting of control (B0);coffee peel (B1); rice bran (B2) and coconut pulp (B3). In this study, the were 8 treatment combinations of A0B0, A0B1, A0B2, A0B3, A1B0, A1B1, A1B2 and A1B3. Application of feed restriction and source of fiber were applied during days of 21th to day of 28th. The birds were fed commercial feed until 42 days of age. The variables measured were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that the restriction of feed and different fiber sources had a significant effect (P <0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of this study can be concluded that the restriction of feed by 20 percent for 8 days with a source of crude fiber originated from coconut pulp in feed gave the best response compared with crude fiber originated from coffee peel and rice bran on the performance of the Lohman strain of broiler.Keywords: Broiler, feed restriction, crude fiber
PRODUCTION OF PHYTOHORMONES OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM AND AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE UNDER THEIR SIMULTANEOUS CULTIVATION
Authors: Kozar S.F. 
Published: July 2019

Objective. Investigate the activity of biosynthesis of phytohormonal substances with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in pure and mixed culture.
Methods. Microbiological, chromatographic, and mathematical.
Results It has been established that the simultaneous cultivation of B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 increases the content of gibberellins and cytokinins in the culture fluid of the test microorganisms. The content of gibberellic acid and isopentenylidene has increased most intensively in mixed culture compared with the pure culture of rhizobia. In the course of co-cultivation, the studied diazotrophs more intensively produced auxins compared to soybean rhizobia in pure culture, but less compared to pure culture of azospirilla. The highest level of abscisic acid that can inhibit the formation of nodules was found in A. brasilense 410 culture fluid, and it was lower when cultivating B japonicum M-8. However, the smallest amount of this phytohormone was found in the culture liquid of diazotrophs under their co-cultivation. The lowest ratio of auxin/cytokinin was found in B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 culture fluid under their co-cultivation, which should positively influence the formation of a symbiotic system when interacting with soybean plants.
Conclusion. A combination of cultivating rhizobia and azospirilla showed an increase in the amount of cytokinins and gibberellins in the culture fluid of the microorganisms, a decrease in the amount of abscisic acid and improvement in the auxin/cytokinin ratio compared to the values of the pure cultures of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria studied. An analysis of the quantitative parameters of the content of phytohormones suggests the feasibility of combining B. japonicum and A. brasilense in a mixed culture for the effective introduction of rhizobia in soybean agrocenosis.
BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM REACTION IN PURE CULTURE AND SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMS TO THE USE OF NANOCARBOXYLATES OF MICROELEMENTS
Authors: Kots S.Ya. , Rybachenko L.I. , Pukhtaievych P.P. , Rybachenko O.R. 
Published: July 2019

Objective. Study the influence of various concentrations of germanium, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, iron, copper and zinc on the growth dynamics of rhizobia, to select the most effective ones for studying their role as components of the digest medium in growing rhizobia and optimizing the formation and functioning of symbiotic soybean – Bradyrhizobium japonicum systems.
Methods. Microbiological, physiological, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography.
Results. It was found that the addition of most of the studied trace elements to the rhizobia growth medium had a positive effect on the growth dynamics of the bacterial culture. The exception was zinc nanocarboxylate, the introduction of which in the digest medium significantly reduced the growth of biomass bacteria. At the same time, irrespective of concentration, the most stimulating effect on the dynamics of growth of rhizobia in a pure culture was typical for the nanocarboxylates of iron, germanium and molybdenum. Their maximum action was developed at a concentration of 1:1000. These compounds are promising when adding rhizobia cultivating medium and studying their effect on the processes of forming and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems. Analysis of the results of vegetation experiments showed that the use of iron, germanium and molybdenum nanocarboxylates as components of the rice growing medium at a concentration of 1:1000 positively influenced the processes of formation and functioning of symbiotic systems formed with the participation of various Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains – 634b and 604k, as well as on the growth of the vegetative mass of soybean plants. In this case, the most effective was germanium nanocarboxylate.
Conclusion. The promising use of the active strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b in combination with germanium nanocarboxylate in soybean cultivation has been experimentally proven to enhance the effectiveness of symbiotic systems.
TRENDS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PRESERVED CORN ROLLED GRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Authors: Perederii M.H. , Kravchenko N.O. , Bozhok L.V. , Dmytruk O.M. 
Published: July 2019

Objective. To study the trends of microbiological processes, changes in the level of acidity and the ratio of accumulated organic acids in preserved corn rolled grain due to the influence of selected strains of Bacillus subtilis, promising for the creation of biological preservatives on their basis.
Methods. Microbiological, zootechnical.
Results. Grain processing with suspensions of the test strains of B. subtilis promotes the intensive development of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria in feed at day 15 of preservation, with subsequent gradual decrease at day 30 and 70 of the experiment. The number of lactic acid bacteria at day 14 after opening samples of preserved corn rolled grain is a tenfold higher than in the control variant (without the additional application of microorganisms). The dynamics of yeast growth in the feed due to the effect of the test strains of B. subtilis is characterized by their intensive development at day 15 with a gradual decrease in the number in all variants at day 30 and 70 of preservation. The number of moulds in the control variant exceeds the maximum allowable level (up to 5×104 CFU per 1 g feed) and is 2×105 at day 7 and 6.2×105 at day 14 after opening and access of air to the thickness of the preserved mass. In experimental variants, the number of moulds is smaller compared with the control both in the process of preservation and after opening the feed. The optimum pH and the ratio of organic acids at day 14 after opening has been registered in the rolled grain treated with B. subtilis B1, B. subtilis B6y and B. subtilis 44-p.
Conclusion. The use of selected B. subtilis strains to preserve moist corn rolled grain promotes the establishment of the optimum level of acidity of the feed and the ratio of organic acids, inhibition of the development of undesirable microorganisms.
Nonparametric Star Formation History Reconstruction with Gaussian Processes. I. Counting Major Episodes of Star Formation
Authors: Iyer Kartheik G. , Gawiser Eric , Faber Sandra M. , Ferguson Henry C. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Koekemoer Anton M. , Pacifici Camilla , Somerville Rachel S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies contain imprints of the physical processes responsible for regulating star formation during galaxy growth and quenching. We improve the Dense Basis SFH reconstruction method of Iyer & Gawiser, introducing a nonparametric description of the SFH based on the lookback times at which a galaxy assembles certain quantiles of its stellar mass. The method uses Gaussian processes to create smooth SFHs independent of any functional form, with a flexible number of parameters that is adjusted to extract the maximum amount of information from the SEDs being fit. Applying the method to reconstruct the SFHs of 48,791 galaxies with H < 25 at 0.5 < z < 3.0 across the five Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields, we study the evolution of galaxies over time. We quantify the fraction of galaxies that show multiple major episodes of star formation, finding that the median time between two peaks of star formation is

, where t
univ is the age of the universe at a given redshift and remains roughly constant with stellar mass. Correlating SFHs with morphology allows us to compare the timescales on which the SFHs decline for different morphological classifications, ranging from

for galaxies with spiral arms to

for spheroids at 0.5 < z < 1.0 with 1010 < M
* < 1010.5
M
⊙. The Gaussian process–based SFH description provides a general approach to reconstruct smooth, flexible, nonparametric SFH posteriors for galaxies that can be incorporated into Bayesian SED fitting codes to minimize the bias in estimating physical parameters due to SFH parameterization.
Nonequilibrium Ionization Effects on Solar EUV and X-Ray Imaging Observations
Authors: Lee Jin-Yi , Raymond John C. , Reeves Katharine K. , Shen Chengcai , Moon Yong-Jae , Kim Yeon-Han 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During transient events such as major solar eruptions, the plasma can be far from the equilibrium ionization state because of rapid heating or cooling. Nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) is important in rapidly evolving systems where the thermodynamical timescale is shorter than the ionization or recombination timescales. We investigate the effects of NEI on EUV and X-ray observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. Our model assumes that the plasma is initially in ionization equilibrium at low temperature, and it is heated rapidly by a shock or magnetic reconnection. We tabulate the responses of the AIA and XRT passbands as functions of temperature and a characteristic timescale, n

e

t. We find that most of the ions reach equilibrium at n

e

t ≤ 1012 cm−3 s. Comparing ratios of the responses between different passbands allows us to determine whether a combination of plasmas at temperatures in ionization equilibrium can account for a given AIA and XRT observation. It also expresses how far the observed plasma is from equilibrium ionization. We apply the ratios to a supra-arcade plasma sheet on 2012 January 27. We find that the closer the plasma is to the arcade, the closer it is to a single-temperature plasma in ionization equilibrium. We also utilize the set of responses to estimate the temperature and density for shocked plasma associated with a coronal mass ejection on 2010 June 13. The temperature and density ranges we obtain are in reasonable agreement with previous works.
Population Estimates for Electromagnetically Distinguishable Supermassive Binary Black Holes
Authors: Krolik Julian H. , Volonteri Marta , Dubois Yohan , Devriendt Julien 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Distinguishing the photon output of an accreting supermassive black hole binary system from that of a single supermassive black hole accreting at the same rate is intrinsically difficult because the majority of the light emerges from near the innermost stable orbits of the black holes. However, there are two possible signals that can distinctively mark binaries, both arising from the gap formed in circumbinary accretion flows inside approximately twice the binary separation. One of these is a “notch” cut into the thermal spectra of these systems in the IR/optical/UV, the other a periodically varying excess hard X-ray luminosity whose period is of order the binary orbital period. Using data from detailed galaxy evolution simulations, we estimate the distribution function in mass, mass ratio, and accretion rate for accreting supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) as a function of redshift and then transform this distribution function into predicted source counts for these two potential signals. At flux levels ≳10−13 erg cm−2 s−1, there may be ∼O(102) such systems in the sky, mostly in the redshift range 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1. Roughly 10% should have periods short enough (≲5 yr) to detect the X-ray modulation; this is also the period range accessible to Pulsar Timing Array observations.
A Dramatic Decrease in Carbon Star Formation in M31
Authors: Boyer M. L. , Williams B. F. , Aringer B. , Chen Y. , Dalcanton J. J. , Girardi L. , Guhathakurta P. , Marigo P. , Olsen K. A. G. , Rosenfield P. , Weisz D. R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We analyze resolved stellar near-infrared photometry of 21 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fields in M31 to constrain the impact of metallicity on the formation of carbon stars. Observations of nearby galaxies show that carbon stars are increasingly rare at higher metallicity. Models indicate that carbon star formation efficiency drops due to the decrease in dredge-up efficiency in metal-rich thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) stars, coupled to a higher initial abundance of oxygen. However, while models predict a metallicity ceiling above which carbon stars cannot form, previous observations have not yet pinpointed this limit. Our new observations reliably separate carbon stars from M-type TP-AGB stars across 2.6–13.7 kpc of M31's metal-rich disk using HST WFC3/IR medium-band filters. We find that the ratio of C to M stars (C/M) decreases more rapidly than extrapolations of observations in more metal-poor galaxies, resulting in a C/M that is too low by more than a factor of 10 in the innermost fields and indicating a dramatic decline in C star formation efficiency at metallicities higher than [M/H] ≈ −0.1 dex. The metallicity ceiling remains undetected, but must occur at metallicities higher than what is measured in M31's inner disk ([M/H] ≳ +0.06 dex).
Jet Power of Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for Evolution and Unification
Authors: Fan Xu-Liang , Wu Qingwen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We construct samples of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with low-frequency radio data from the recently released TGSS AD1 catalog at 150 MHz. With these samples, we compare the properties of jet power for blazars, radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (RL-NLS1s), young radio sources (YRSs), and radio galaxies. The jet–disk connection, and the unification of jetted AGNs are explored. On the Eddington ratio–Eddington-scaled jet power plane, jetted AGNs can generally be divided into two populations. Low power radio galaxies, low excitation FR IIs (LEG/FR IIs), and most YRSs show larger jet power than accretion power, while on the contrary FSRQs, RL-NLS1s, and high excitation FR IIs (HEG/FR IIs) show larger accretion power than jet power. LEG/FR IIs share similar jet power properties with HEG/FR IIs, while their accretion properties are different from the latter. These facts suggest an evolutional sequence from HEG/FR IIs, LEG/FR IIs to FR Is, where the accretion and jet activities get dimmed gradually. LEG/FR IIs are the transitional objects that accretion processes have switched off, while jets are still active. After correcting the contribution from the radio core of blazars, the unification between blazars and radio galaxies is confirmed with the jet power distributions. The unification that involved RL-NLS1s is more complicated than the simple scenarios of black hole growth or orientation effect. In addition, our results manifest that low synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) contain two distinct groups regarding the distribution of jet power, with one group being similar to FSRQs and the other similar to intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects. The LBLs with higher jet powers might be the aligned counterparts of LEG/FR IIs.
Parallax of the IBEX Ribbon Indicates a Spatially Retained Source
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. , Heerikhuisen J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 2009, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) discovered the existence of a narrow “ribbon” of intense energetic neutral atom emission projecting approximately a circle in the sky. It is believed that the ribbon originates from outside of the heliopause in radial directions (

) perpendicular to the local interstellar magnetic field (ISMF),

, i.e.,

. Swaczyna et al. estimated the distance to the IBEX ribbon via the parallax method comparing the ribbon position observed from opposite sides of the Sun. They found a parallax angle of 0.°41 ± 0.°15, yielding a distance of

au to a portion of the ribbon at high ecliptic latitudes. In this study, we demonstrate how the apparent shift of the ribbon in the sky, and thus the apparent distance to the ribbon's source found via the parallax, depends on the transport effects of energetic ions outside the heliopause. We find that the apparent shift of the ribbon based on the “spatial retention” model with ion enhancement near

, as proposed by Schwadron & McComas, agrees with the parallax of the source region. Parallax is also accurate for a homogeneously distributed emission source. However, if there is weak pitch-angle scattering and ions propagate freely along the ISMF, the apparent shift is significantly smaller than the expected parallax because of the highly anisotropic source. In light of the results from Swaczyna et al., our results indicate that the IBEX ribbon source is spatially confined.
L’étudiant dyslexique présente-t-il encore des difficultés de production textuelle à l’écrit ?
Authors: Mazur Palandre Audrey 
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, les analyses d’une étude sur la production textuelle des étudiants dyslexiques sont présentées. Les productions écrites d’étudiants dyslexiques (âge moyen : 21,7) et contrôles (âge moyen : 21,8) sont analysées afin de voir s’il existe des différences entre ces deux populations quant à la gestion de (1) l’orthographe et (2) de l’empaquetage syntaxique. En effet, lors d’analyses antérieures sur les mêmes populations, les étudiants dyslexiques se déclarent en difficultés lorsqu’il s’agit de rédiger un texte. Un bilan orthophonique et neuropsychologique, qui a été fait passer à cette même population avant les tâches de production textuelle, confirme que les étudiants dyslexiques ont encore des difficultés avec l’orthographe, la lecture et qu’ils présentent un fonctionnement attentionnel atypique. Pour cette présente étude, il a été demandé aux étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles de produire un texte narratif et un texte expositif à l’écrit et à l’oral. Les versions écrites, qui ont été collectées via le logiciel Eye and Pen©, ont été codées dans CLAN. Les résultats révèlent que, si les étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles font les mêmes types d’erreurs et encodent leur message par le biais de structures syntaxiques similaires, les étudiants dyslexiques font significativement plus d’erreurs que les contrôles, que ce soit concernant l’orthographe lexicale et grammaticale ou dans les structures syntaxiques elles-mêmes.
L’engagement social du bébé bilingue en situation de diglossie à la Martinique : effet du statut des langues
Authors: Augier Mylène , Gratier Maya 
Published: July 2019

Cet article compare l’engagement social de bébés âgés de 2 à 5 mois lorsque leur mère leur chante une chanson en français et en créole en milieu naturel à la Martinique. L’hypothèse émise est qu’ils manifesteront un engagement social plus important lorsque leur mère chante en français plutôt qu’en créole. Cette hypothèse découle du constat d’une situation diglossique en Martinique impliquant une valorisation de la langue française par rapport à la langue créole. L’engagement des bébés est mesuré avec deux méthodes complémentaires : la microanalyse filmique des comportements et l’évaluation de séquences vidéo par des visionneurs naïfs. La microanalyse montre que les bébés s’engagent autant dans les deux conditions mais que, dans le contexte créole, leur regard alterne plus souvent entre leur mère et ailleurs et qu’ils sont plus souvent balancés par leur mère au rythme de la chanson. L’analyse de l’évaluation des visionneurs naïfs montre que les bébés sont perçus comme étant plus engagés dans le contexte de chant en français. Notre étude suggère ainsi un lien entre la langue dans laquelle la mère chante et l’organisation de l’interaction mère-bébé plutôt qu’une manifestation évidente d’un biais linguistique précoce chez le bébé.
Décideurs et réseaux d’experts en France et en Allemagne fédérale : une coopération à l’épreuve de la chute de l’URSS
Authors: Hotte Loeïza 
Published: July 2019

Les gouvernements européens ont été frappés de surprise devant l’effondrement du bloc soviétique. Face à ce constat étonnant au vu des signes avant-coureurs de la chute de l’empire, j’ai analysé dans mon mémoire de master sur lequel se fonde cet article, des études des Centres d’analyse et de prévision (CAP) de la France et de la RFA pour les années 1988-1990. Les membres de ces centres étaient des experts reconnus collaborant étroitement avec des chercheurs de leurs pays. Comme tous les CAP européens, les deux organes communiquaient régulièrement entre eux. Les échanges de vues étaient également mondialisés. Comment expliquer malgré cela l’effet de surprise qui a frappé les gouvernements européens et en particulier le gouvernement français ?
Expérimenter sur l’animal ?
Authors: Larrère Raphaël 
Published: July 2019

L’expérimentation sur ces êtres sensibles que sont les animaux est‑elle « un mal nécessaire » ? En quoi et jusqu’à quel point est‑il vraiment nécessaire ? Cette expérimentation soulève des questions épistémologiques qui ne font pas consensus parmi les scientifiques et des perspectives non négligeables de méthodes substitutives méritent évaluation. Dans ce qui oppose aux autres les biologistes qui critiquent l’expérimentation animale, il faut voir un enjeu scientifique, et non un conflit entre des humanistes et des anti-humanistes. Il s’agit de savoir si l’on prend moins de risques en pratiquant des tests et des expertises sur des cultures de cellules humaines, et plus encore sur des organoïdes, plutôt que sur des modèles animaux.
Bestia Fecit. Prolégomènes à une techno-esthétique animale
Authors: Duhem Ludovic 
Published: July 2019

Comment penser la « culture animale » et plus encore la possibilité d’un « art non humain » hors des préjugés anthropocentriste et ethnocentriste hérités de l’histoire occidentale de la philosophie ? Les enjeux multiples de cette question peuvent s’éclairer par les positions philosophiques de Simondon. Cette démarche ne va pas sans difficultés : non systématisée, parcourue de tensions internes, voire d’incompatibilités, une pensée simondonienne de la culture animale devra être inventive pour rendre cohérentes les théories de l’individuation, de l’imagination et de la technique à travers une « techno-esthétique » généralisée rendant compte de la richesse et de la pluralité des cultures au sein du vivant.