bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations on Multimorbidity and Frailty in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Carbery Isabel , Selinger Christian P , Todd Oliver , Sebastian Shaji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are growing numbers of older people with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. These older patients are more likely to have other comorbidities and polypharmacy, which can make recognizing and treating IBD complex. Frailty is a newer concept in the IBD field, and we are beginning to recognize the importance of this as a marker of biological age and its association with risk of adverse IBD-related outcomes. In this review article we aim to provide practical insight into the specific challenges facing older patients and their clinicians at each stage of the patient journey. We also discuss the latest understanding of the impact of frailty for these patients with IBD and highlight areas for future research.
Suprarenal interrupted inferior cava with azygos continuation in a patient with pulmonary embolism: a case report
Authors: Shahverdi Ehsan , Keshavarzi Ramtin , Mazandarani Mohammad , Schneider Carsten , Lange Mathias 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare developmental defect characterized by azygos continuation following failure of fusion of one or more of the component parts of the embryological IVC. It occurs in approximately one in 5000 of the general population. It is usually an isolated finding and is generally asymptomatic.

Case summary
A 42-year-old patient presented for further clarification of syncope with a 4-day history of persistent exertional dyspnoea. Computed tomography revealed a central pulmonary artery embolism on both sides, with prominent azygos and hemiazygos veins and paravertebral collaterals. For further clarification, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed, where hypoplasia or stenosis of the inferior suprarenal vena cava was noted. There were collaterals of the azygos and hemiazygos veins. The finding was consistent with the picture of a venous abnormality in the sense of an ‘interrupted IVC (suprarenal) with azygos continuation’.

Discussion
In the case of an isolated interrupted IVC, the patient is usually asymptomatic, and the vascular anomaly itself does not mandate any treatment. This variation should be considered, especially in young patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) when no other reason for thromboembolism is evident. To prevent vascular events such as DVT or pulmonary embolism, lifelong anticoagulation therapy is recommended. An interrupted IVC can also cause procedural difficulties during right heart catheterization, electrophysiological studies, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, femoral vein catheter advancement, IVC filter placement, and temporary pacing through the transfemoral route.
Artificial intelligence-enabled reconstruction of the right ventricular pressure curve using the peak pressure value: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Szijártó Ádám , Nicoara Alina , Podgoreanu Mihai , Tokodi Márton , Fábián Alexandra , Merkely Béla , Sárkány András , Tősér Zoltán , Caravita Sergio , Baratto Claudia , Tomaselli Michele , Muraru Denisa , Badano Luigi Paolo , Lakatos Bálint , Kovács Attila 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Conventional echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular (RV) function are afterload-dependent. Therefore, incorporating RV pressures may enable the formulation of new parameters that reflect intrinsic RV function accurately. Accordingly, we sought to develop an artificial intelligence–based method to reconstruct the RV pressure curve based on the peak RV pressure.

Methods and Results
We invasively acquired RV pressure in 29 heart failure patients before and after implanting a left ventricular (LV) assist device. Using these tracings, we trained various machine learning models to reconstruct the RV pressure curve of the entire cardiac cycle based on the peak value of the curve. The best-performing model was compared with two other methods that estimated RV pressures based on a reference LV and RV pressure curve, respectively. Seventeen consecutive patients from another centre who underwent right heart catheterization and simultaneous echocardiography served as an external validation cohort. Among the evaluated algorithms, multilayer perceptron (MLP) achieved the best performance with an R2 of 0.887 (0.834–0.941). The RV and LV reference curve–based methods achieved R2 values of 0.879 (0.815–0.943) and 0.636 (0.500–0.771), respectively. During external validation, MLP exhibited similarly good performance [R2 0.911 (0.873–0.948)], which decreased only modestly if the echocardiography-derived peak RV pressure was used instead of the invasively measured peak RV pressure [R2 0.802 (0.694–0.909)].

Conclusions
The proposed method enables the reconstruction of the RV pressure curve using only the peak value as input. Thus, it may serve as a fundamental component for developing new echocardiographic tools targeting the afterload-adjusted assessment of RV function.
Support from Above: International Organizations, Summits, and Leader Survival
Authors: Lee Chia-yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While existing literature indicates a variety of political consequences caused by IO membership, little attention has been paid to IOs’ impact on leaders. This article argues that IO membership has a positive effect on leader survival through two major mechanisms: IOs carrying information and IOs raising national well-being. The beneficial effect of IOs on leader survival, moreover, is stronger for IOs that regularly or periodically hold leader summits. This is not only because these IOs are more important, but also because IO summits increase leaders’ visibility and serve as an endorsement for leaders’ power-consolidating behavior. Using data on leader failures and IO membership, this article shows that IO membership has a negative effect on leader failures, and this effect is much stronger for IOs that hold regular summits.
New mutations in the core Schizosaccharomyces pombe spindle pole body scaffold Ppc89 reveal separable functions in regulating cell division
Authors: Hanna Sarah M , Tavafoghi Bita , Chen Jun-Song , Howard Isaac , Ren Liping , Willet Alaina H , Gould Kathleen L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Centrosomes and spindle pole bodies (SPBs) are important for mitotic spindle formation and also serve as signaling platforms. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, genetic ablation and high-resolution imaging indicate that the α-helical Ppc89 is central to SPB structure and function. Here, we developed and characterized conditional and truncation mutants of ppc89. Alleles with mutations in 2 predicted α-helices near the C-terminus were specifically defective in anchoring Sid4, the scaffold for the septation initiation network (SIN), and proteins dependent on Sid4 (Cdc11, Dma1, Mto1, and Mto2). Artificial tethering of Sid4 to the SPB fully rescued these ppc89 mutants. Another ppc89 allele had mutations located throughout the coding region. While this mutant was also defective in Sid4 anchoring, it displayed additional defects including fragmented SPBs and forming and constricting a second cytokinetic ring in 1 daughter cell. These defects were shared with a ppc89 allele truncated of the most C-terminal predicted α-helices that is still able to recruit Sid4 and the SIN. We conclude that Ppc89 not only tethers the SIN to the SPB but is also necessary for the integrity of the SPB and faithful coordination of cytokinesis with mitosis.
Emergence of metabolic coupling to the heterotroph Alteromonas promotes dark survival in Prochlorococcus
Authors: Coe Allison , Braakman Rogier , Biller Steven J , Arellano Aldo , Bliem Christina , Vo Nhi N , von Emster Konnor , Thomas Elaina , DeMers Michelle , Steglich Claudia , Huisman Jef , Chisholm Sallie W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Prochlorococcus is found throughout the euphotic zone in the oligotrophic open ocean. Deep mixing and sinking while attached to particles can, however, transport Prochlorococcus cells below this sunlit zone, depriving them of light for extended periods of time. Previous work has shown that Prochlorococcus by itself cannot survive extended periods of darkness. However, when co-cultured with a heterotrophic microbe and subjected to repeated periods of extended darkness, Prochlorococcus cells develop an epigenetically inherited dark-tolerant phenotype that can survive longer periods of darkness. Here we examine the metabolic and physiological changes underlying this adaptation using co-cultures of dark-tolerant and parental strains of Prochlorococcus, each grown with the heterotroph Alteromonas under diel light:dark conditions. The relative abundance of Alteromonas was higher in dark-tolerant than parental co-cultures, while dark-tolerant Prochlorococcus cells were larger, contained less chlorophyll, and were less synchronized to the light:dark cycle. Meta-transcriptome analysis revealed that dark-tolerant co-cultures undergo a joint change, in which Prochlorococcus undergoes a relative shift from photosynthesis to respiration, while Alteromonas shifts toward using more organic acids instead of sugars. Furthermore, the transcriptome data suggested enhanced biosynthesis of amino acids and purines in dark-tolerant Prochlorococcus and enhanced degradation of these compounds in Alteromonas. Collectively, our results demonstrate that dark adaptation involves a strengthening of the metabolic coupling between Prochlorococcus and Alteromonas, presumably mediated by an enhanced, and compositionally modified, carbon exchange between the two species.
Cover crop monocultures and mixtures enhance bacterial abundance and functionality in the maize root zone
Authors: Ghosh Debjyoti , Shi Yijie , Zimmermann Iris M , Stürzebecher Tobias , Holzhauser Katja , von Bergen Martin , Kaster Anne-Kristin , Spielvogel Sandra , Dippold Michaela A , Müller Jochen A , Jehmlich Nico 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cover cropping is an effective method to protect agricultural soils from erosion, promote nutrient and moisture retention, encourage beneficial microbial activity, and maintain soil structure. Re-utilization of winter cover crop root channels by maize roots during summer allows the cash crop to extract resources from distal regions in the soil horizon. In this study, we investigated how cover cropping during winter followed by maize (Zea mays L.) during summer affects the spatiotemporal composition and function of the bacterial communities in the maize rhizosphere and surrounding soil samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing, and metaproteomics. We found that the bacterial community differed significantly among cover crop species, soil depths, and maize growth stages. Bacterial abundance increased in reused root channels, and it continued to increase as cover crop diversity changed from monocultures to mixtures. Mixing Fabaceae with Brassicaceae or Poaceae enhanced the overall contributions of several steps of the bacterial carbon and nitrogen cycles, especially glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The deeper root channels of Fabaceae and Brassicaceae as compared to Poaceae corresponded to higher bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers and improved community presence in the subsoil regimes, likely due to the increased availability of root exudates secreted by maize roots. In conclusion, root channel reuse improved the expression of metabolic pathways of the carbon and nitrogen cycles and the bacterial communities, which is beneficial to the soil and to the growing crops.
Does Serendipity Affect Democratic Consequences? Examining the Role of Algorithmic Awareness, Intolerance of Uncertainty in Incidental News Exposure and Online Political Participation
Authors: Chen Zhirui , Guo Wenchen , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the context of social media becoming users' primary access to information, such as news, incidental news exposure under the influence of algorithmic recommendation and its democratic consequences are worth studying. While studies on the relationship between social media users’ incidental news exposure and online political participation have been widely explored, we know little about the current mechanisms of variable association in the context of algorithmic recommendations. This study examines the mediating role of algorithmic awareness and the moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between incidental news exposure and online political participation among Chinese social media users. Findings indicate that algorithmic awareness negatively mediates this relationship, suggesting that users’ participation in online politics is heightened by their awareness of algorithmic curation. Intolerance of uncertainty positively moderates the link between incidental news exposure and online political participation, emphasizing the impact of personality traits on democratic engagement. This study underscores the importance of transparent algorithmic systems and user-centred design in fostering informed citizen participation in the digital era and offers a comprehensive perspective on the role of serendipity in Chinese democratic participation.
Aetiology, susceptibility and outcomes of fever in patients receiving chemotherapy in Malawi: a prospective study
Authors: Puranam Kaushik , Harrington Meagan , Kasonkanji Edwards , Tegha Gerald , Chikasema Maria J , Chawinga Mena L , Chagomerana Maganizo B , Krysiak Robert , Gopal Satish , van Duin David , Miller Melissa B , Painschab Matthew S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate causes of fever, including resistance patterns, in patients undergoing cancer treatment in Malawi.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, enrolled patients undergoing chemotherapy at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi were given a thermometer. If a temperature of ≥38°C was recorded, they were instructed to return for hospitalization, standardized fever workup, and antibiotics. All patients were followed through 90 days post-fever event or completion of chemotherapy.

Results
One hundred and five patients were screened and 50 were enrolled. Of the enrollees, 26 (52%) were men and 26 (52%) were HIV positive, with a mean ART duration of 7 years and CD4 count of 293 cells/µL. The most common diagnoses were aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (40%) and Hodgkin lymphoma (22%). Twenty-three febrile events were recorded from 15 patients. Of the 23 events, a causative agent was isolated in 13 cases: Escherichia coli (6), Plasmodium falciparum (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) and Citrobacter freundii (1). Of the six E. coli isolates, all were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones and 4/6 (66%) were resistant to cephalosporins. All patients but one survived; the death was attributed to Pseudomonas bacteraemia.

Conclusions
This study describes laboratory-confirmed causes of neutropenic fever (NF) in cancer patients in Malawi. Gram-negative rods, followed by malaria, were the most common source of infection. Gram-negative rods were associated with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Malaria and resistant bacterial infections should be considered for NF treatment and prevention in sub-Saharan Africa.
Enhancement of a social risk score in the electronic health record to identify social needs among medically underserved patients: using structured data and free-text provider notes
Authors: Hatef Elham , Kitchen Christopher , Gray Geoffrey M , Zirikly Ayah , Richards Thomas , Ahumada Luis M , Weiner Jonathan P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To improve the performance of a social risk score (a predictive risk model) using electronic health record (EHR) structured and unstructured data.

Materials and Methods
We used EPIC-based EHR data from July 2016 to June 2021 and linked it to community-level data from the US Census American Community Survey. We identified predictors of interest within the EHR structured data and applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques to identify patients’ social needs in the EHR unstructured data. We performed logistic regression models with and without information from the unstructured data (Models I and II) and compared their performance with generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with and without the unstructured data (Models III and IV).

Results
The logistic model (Model I) performed well (Area Under the Curve [AUC] 0.703, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.701:0.705) and the addition of EHR unstructured data (Model II) resulted in a slight change in the AUC (0.701, 95% CI 0.699:0.703). In the logistic models, the addition of EHR unstructured data resulted in an increase in the area under the precision-recall curve (PRC 0.255, 95% CI 0.254:0.256 in Model I versus 0.378, 95% CI 0.375:0.38 in Model II). The GEE models performed similarly to the logistic models and the addition of EHR unstructured data resulted in a slight change in the AUC (0.702, 95% CI 0.699:0.705 in Model III versus 0.699, 95% CI 0.698:0.702 in Model IV).

Discussion
Our work presents the enhancement of a novel social risk score that integrates community-level data with patient-level data to systematically identify patients at increased risk of having future social needs for in-depth assessment of their social needs and potential referral to community-based organizations to address these needs.

Conclusion
The addition of information on social needs extracted from unstructured EHR resulted in an improved prediction of positive cases presented by the improvement in the PRC.
A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method to Detect Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infantis Harboring the pESI Plasmid in Seafood
Authors: Veni Krishna , Stephen Jerusha , Lekshmi Manjusha , Nayak Binaya Bhusan , Kumar Sanath H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Salmonella Infantis is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen worldwide due to the acquisition of a megaplasmid, plasmid of emerging Salmonella Infantis (pESI). Reported initially in poultry, the distribution of pESI-harboring S. Infantis in other food types, including seafood, is unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and optimize a PCR assay for detecting the pESI in Salmonella and non-Salmonella Enterobacterales.

Methods
A duplex PCR targeting the hilA gene and a pESI-associated gene of S. Infantis was designed, and the PCR conditions were optimized. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were established using 119 Salmonella serovars and 51 non-Salmonella bacterial strains.

Results
All Salmonella isolates yielded hilA PCR product, while only pESI S. Infantis was positive for both hilA and pESI genes. No amplification product was obtained with the DNA of 51 non-Salmonella bacterial strains. The detection limit of the duplex PCR was 104 CFU/mL of pure culture of pESI S. Infantis. The sensitivity of detection in artificially spiked shrimp meat was 1 CFU/g after 6 h of enrichment in lactose broth, followed by 12 h of selective enrichment in the Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium.

Conclusion
The duplex assay will help screen seafood for Salmonella in general and pESI S. Infantis in particular. Given its high sensitivity, the PCR will be a valuable tool for seafood quality assurance. This approach decreases the typical 3–6 day identification time of Salmonella to less than 24 h.

Highlights
S. Infantis carrying the highly transmissible megaplasmid (pESI) is a significant food safety concern. Given its rapid geographical spread and high antimicrobial-resistant traits, it is necessary to have a molecular tool that detects pESI-harboring Salmonella. This study successfully developed a duplex PCR assay that simultaneously detects Salmonella enterica and pESI S. Infantis. This molecular tool will help understand the distribution, sources, and spread of the multidrug-resistance (MDR) plasmid in the food environment.
Validation of the Peel Plate Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) Test for Enumeration of S. aureus in Selected Foods and Non-Cultured Dairy Products: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 082401
Authors: Salter Robert S , Durbin Gregory W , Li Sherita , Gilbert McGaughren , Crowley Erin S , Deterding Andrew , Bastin Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The microbial testing platform, Peel Plate™, was developed with Baird Parker ingredients for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) specificity. After rehydrating with 1 mL of the diluted food sample, Peel Plate SA is incubated for 24–48 h at 35–37°C and observed for purple colonies.

Objective
A validation study was performed to evaluate Peel Plate SA for enumeration of SA in selected foods and non-cultured dairy products for Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) certification.

Methods
Peel Plate SA was evaluated in inclusivity/exclusivity and matrix studies, product consistency and stability studies, and robustness testing. Non-fat dried milk, frozen raw cod fish, corned beef, frozen raw vegetables, potato salad, vegetable soup, frozen unshelled raw shrimp, and baby food (apple, cinnamon, and granola) were evaluated in the matrix studies comparing Peel Plate SA to US and international reference methods. Three levels of contamination along with non-inoculated controls were tested for each matrix.

Results
Peel Plate SA detected 49 of 50 SA isolates tested. Of the 38 exclusivity species tested, none were detected. In the matrix studies, the Peel Plate SA results were determined to be equivalent to the reference method results by paired statistical analysis. In an accelerated stability study, the shelf-life of Peel Plate SA was shown to be stable for 12 months. Equivalence was demonstrated between different production lots. Small changes to critical test parameters did not significantly affect the Peel Plate SA results.

Conclusion
Peel Plate SA is a ready-to-use method for enumeration of SA in a variety of foods and non-cultured dairy products. As with reference methods, Peel Plate SA colonies should be isolated and confirmed with differentiation tests such as catalase and strong coagulase positive.

Highlights
The data were reviewed by the PTM Program and certification was granted for the Peel Plate SA method PTM 082401.
Collagen isolated from human adipose tissue and its cellular affinity
Authors: Yamaoka Hisayo , Yamaoka Keiko , Ishii Hidenori , Tanaka Hideyuki , Yasuda Makoto , Watanabe Shigekazu , Hosoyamada Makoto , Komuro Yuzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The use of collagen in cell cultures promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, and it has been commercialized. In this study, we separated and purified collagen from adipose tissue discarded during liposuction and prepared collagen-coated dishes. After collagen was identified from human adipose tissue, type identification and quantification were performed using SDS-PAGE and FPLC. Collagen type I was used to coat culture dishes. Human skin fibroblasts and human adipose tissue-derived stem cells were seeded at a density of 2.5 × 105 cells/ml on prepared dishes at a collagen concentration of 3 mg/ml and cultured for 7 days. Cell viability was then measured and analyzed. The WST-1 assay was used to evaluate the results. The amount of collagen in 300 g of adipose tissue was 25.5 mg for type I, 41.4 mg for type III, 10.6 mg for type IV, 6.5 mg for type V and 15 mg for type VI. The highest rates were observed for adipose stem cells cultured on human adipose tissue-derived collagen-coated dishes. In cell cultures, cell affinity was higher when cells and the substrate used were of the same origin, and affinity was stronger when the tissue of origin was the same.