bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Stable Lithium‐Metal Anodes by Co‐depositing Lithium with a 2D Vermiculite Shuttle
Authors: Ma Qingtao , Sun Xiaowen , Liu Ping , Xia Yongyao , Liu Xingjiang , Luo Jiayan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProgress in lithium‐metal batteries is severely hindered by lithium dendrite growth. Lithium is soft with a mechanical modulus as low as that of polymers. Herein we suppress lithium dendrites by forming soft–hard organic–inorganic lamella reminiscent of the natural sea‐shell material nacres. We use lithium as the soft segment and colloidal vermiculite sheets as the hard inorganic constituent. The vermiculite sheets are highly negatively charged so can absorb Li+ then be co‐deposited with lithium, flattening the lithium growth which remains dendrite‐free over hundreds of cycles. After Li+ ions absorbed on the vermiculite are transferred to the lithium substrate, the vermiculite sheets become negative charged again and move away from the substrate along the electric field, allowing them to absorb new Li+ and shuttling to and from the substrate. Long term cycling of full cells using the nacre‐mimetic lithium‐metal anodes is also demonstrated.
Three‐dimensional architecture of absorbers for enhancement of the absorbing properties of MWNTs
Authors: Zhang Aibo , Zhang Xin , Li Yiru , Li Miaomiao , Lu Honglong 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe microwave absorbers, which can attenuate and dissipate the incident electromagnetic wave, have attracted much more attentions due to their great potential applications in military stealth and civil healthcare. In this study, the three‐dimensional (3D) architecture absorber of multiwalled carbon nanotubes@polystyrene (MWNTs@PS) was designed and synthesized by the combination of PS microspheres with MWNTs via self‐assembly of electrostatic adsorption. The morphology and dispersity of absorbers were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aim of this study is to explore the influence of the 3D architecture of absorbers on the enhanced absorbing performance of MWNTs. The results of SEM and TEM demonstrated that 3D architecture constructed via MWNTs attaching on the surface of PS microspheres were established, which is in favor for MWNTs to build more electron transportation pathways and enhance the multiinterface polarization. Compared with one‐dimensional (1D) absorbers of PS/MWNTs, the 3D MWNTs@PS exhibited excellent absorbing properties, the maximum reflection loss (RL) was −34.2 dB at 10.6 GHz with a thickness of 2.00 mm and the frequency bandwidth of RL below −10 dB (90% absorption) was 3.0 GHz. In contrast, the maximum RL of 1D PS/MWNTs and pristine MWNTs were −19.1 dB at 11.5 GHz and −7.7 dB at 8.8 GHz, respectively. The results implied that the construction of 3D architecture has crucial influence on the enhanced absorbing performance of MWNTs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47566.
In situsynthesized chitosan–gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite scaffold with drug delivery properties: Higher antibacterial and lower cytotoxicity effects
Authors: Rakhshaei Rasul , Namazi Hassan , Hamishehkar Hamed , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Salehi Roya 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, chitosan–gelatin/zinc oxide nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds (CS–GEL/nZnO) were prepared viain situsynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) to reach a scaffold with both inherent antibacterial and drug delivery properties. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. In addition, swelling, biodegradation, antibacterial, cytocompatibility, and cell attachment of the scaffolds were evaluated. The results showed that the prepared scaffolds had high porosity with a pore size of 50–400 μm and nZnO were well distributed without any agglomeration on the CS–GEL matrix. In addition, the nanocomposite scaffolds showed enhanced swelling, biodegradation, and antibacterial properties. Moreover, the drug delivery studies using naproxen showed that nZnO could control naproxen release. Cytocompatibility of the samples was proved using normal human dermal fibroblast cells (HFF2). In comparison to the previous reports which nZnO were simply added to the matrix of the scaffold,in situsynthesis of nZnO was led to higher antibacterial and lower cytotoxicity effects as a result of well distribution of nZnO in this method. According to the findings, thein situsynthesized CS–GEL/nZnO is strongly recommended for biomedical applications especially skin tissue engineering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47590.
Electrical and mechanical tuning of 3D printed photopolymer–MWCNT nanocomposites through in situ dispersion
Authors: Chavez Luis A. , Regis Jaime E. , Delfin Luis C. , Garcia Rosales Carlos A. , Kim Hoejin , Love Norman , Liu Yingtao , Lin Yirong 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAn electric field‐assisted in situ dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polymer nanocomposites, fabricated through stereolithography three‐dimensional (3D) printing technique, was demonstrated. The introduction of MWCNTs increased the elasticity modulus of the polymer resin by 77%. Furthermore, the use of an electric field for in situ MWCNT dispersion helped improving the average elongation at break of the samples with MWCNTs by 32%. The electric field also increased the ultimate tensile strength of the MWCNT reinforced nanocomposites by 42%. An increase of over 20% in the ultimate tensile strength of in situ dispersed MWCNT nanocomposites over the pure polymer material was observed. Finally, it was demonstrated that the magnitude and direction of the electrical conductivity of MWCNT nanocomposites can be engineered through the application of in situ electric fields during 3D printing. An increase of 50% in the electrical conductivity was observed when MWCNTs were introduced, while the application of the electric field further improved the electrical conductivity by 26%. The presented results demonstrated the feasibility of tuning both electrical and mechanical properties of MWCNT reinforced polymer nanocomposites using in situ electrical field‐assisted 3D printing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47600.
Encapsulation of an Ionic Metalloporphyrin into a Zeolite Imidazolate Framework in situ for CO2 Chemical Transformation via Host–Guest Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: He Hongming , Zhu Qian‐Qian , Zhang Chuanqi , Yan Ying , Yuan Jing , Chen Jing , Li Cheng‐Peng , Du Miao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is a great challenge to rationally integrate multiple reactive sites into a composite material with confined nanospace, which can be applied as a nanoreactor to facilitate targeting catalytic reaction. In this work, an ionic metalloporphyrin has been encapsulated in situ into ZIF‐8 for a solvent‐free synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides without any co‐catalyst under 1 atm CO2.
Das Wattenmeer als gemeinsame Verantwortung verstehen
Authors: Busch Julia A. , Bostelmann Annika 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Wattenmeer bildet das größte zusammenhängende Wattsystem der Welt, in dem dynamische Prozesse weitgehend ungestört ablaufen. Das Welterbe beherbergt über 10.000 Pflanzen‐ und Tierarten, die sich ständig an diese Dynamik anpassen. Für 10–12 Millionen Zugvögel ist das Wattenmeer ein wichtiger Rastplatz auf ihren Flugrouten. Das Gebiet erstreckt sich entlang der dänischen, deutschen und niederländischen Küsten. Seit 1978 arbeiten die drei Länder zum Schutz des Wattenmeers zusammen und übernehmen gemeinsam die Verantwortung für dieses einmalige Ökosystem. Eine wichtige Säule der Kooperation ist das trilaterale Monitoring‐ und Bewertungsprogramm mit einer harmonisierten Datenerfassung, mit deren Hilfe das Wattenmeer als ökologische Einheit beobachtet wird.
Schärfentiefe nach Maß
Authors: Knop Daniel 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungGeringer werdender Aufnahmeabstand lässt beim Fotografieren die Schärfentiefe abnehmen, was Makro‐ und vor allem Mikroskopaufnahmen massiv erschwert. Die „Focus Stacking“‐Technik löst dieses Problem, indem sie eine Aufnahmeserie mit unterschiedlichen Schärfeebenen erzeugt, die anschließend im Computer zu einem Foto mit extrem großer Schärfentiefe verrechnet werden.
Big Data in der Biologie: kein Problem mehr!
Authors: Gemeinholzer Birgit , Nieschulze Jens , Tauch Andreas , Goesmann Alexander 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere im Zeitalter der Omics‐Technologien wie Genomik, Transkriptomik, Proteomik und Metabolomik, sowie der Sensormessstationen, steigen die täglich in der Biologie erzeugten Datenmengen kontinuierlich [2]. Die beiden neuen Dateninfrastrukturen in Deutschland, GFBio und de.NBI, dienen diesem Ziel und verleihen der Forschung in den Lebenswissenschaften enorme Impulse.GFBio ist eine nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur mit dem Ziel den Austausch und die effiziente Nachnutzung komplexer Daten im Bereich der biologischen Umweltwissenschaften langfristig zu fördern.de.NBI ist eine nationale Infrastruktur zur strukturierten und langfristigen Bereitstellung von biologischen Datenressourcen und bioinformatischen Werkzeugen. de.NBI verbessert die Möglichkeiten der standardisierten Datenverarbeitung und ‐auswertung. Zur Sicherung dieser Expertise benötigt die deutsche biologische Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft eine Langzeitfinanzierung und die Förderung digitaler Innovationen und Entwicklungen, was bislang fehlt.
Die Bionik der Schwungfederkaskade
Authors: Eder Heinrich 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchungen der Eigenschaften der Schwungfederkaskade von Großvögeln lieferte in der Vergangenheit bereits spektakuläre Ergebnisse. So wird durch die Wirbelteilung und ‐staffelung der Widerstand des Fügels deutlich reduziert, was z. B. die Reichweite des Vogels bei der Migration und der Futtersuche erhöht. Neuerdings konnte auch die Anordnung der Schwungfederspitzen auf Kreislinien bzw. Kugelflächen aufgeklärt werden. Sie stellt ein Optimum für maximale Abstände der Federspitzen bei maximaler Spannweite und gleichzeitig limitierten Wurzelbiegemomenten – also eine synergistische Lösung – dar. Dieses kommt wiederum dem Leichtbau des Vogelflügels zugute.
The Binding Mode of an ADP Analogue to a Metallohydrolase Mimics the Likely Transition State
Authors: Feder Daniel , Gahan Lawrence R. , McGeary Ross P. , Guddat Luke W. , Schenk Gerhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are members of the large family of metallohydrolases, a group of enzymes that perform a wide range of biological functions, while employing a highly conserved catalytic mechanism. PAPs are found in plants, animals and fungi; in humans they play an important role in bone turnover and are thus of interest for developing treatments for osteoporosis. The majority of metallohydrolases use a metal‐bound hydroxide to initiate catalysis, which leads to the formation of a proposed five‐coordinate oxyphosphorane species in the transition state. In this work, we crystallized PAP from red kidney beans (rkbPAP) in the presence of both adenosine and vanadate. The in crystallo‐formed vanadate analogue of ADP provides detailed insight into the binding mode of a PAP substrate, captured in a structure that mimics the putative fivecoordinate transition state. Our observations not only provide unprecedented insight into the mechanism of metallohydrolases, but might also guide the structure‐based design of inhibitors for application in the treatment of several human illnesses.
Percutaneous atrial septal occluders: Are we there yet?
Authors: Parekh Dhaval R. , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

In a randomized, controlled trial, the Occlutech Figulla Flex II occluder was shown to be noninferior to the Amplatzer Septal Occluder.
Both devices provided greater than 90% efficacy, with limited residual shunting and major complications.
Although the risk of overall device erosions was low, larger and longer‐term studies are needed to distinguish the differences between devices.
Leave nothing behind: Promising results for coronary drug‐coated balloons in clinical practice
Authors: Claessen Bimmer E. , Dangas George D. 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

1,025 patients with de novo coronary artery disease (66.9%) or in‐stent restenosis (ISR) (33.1%) underwent treatment with paclitaxel drug‐coated balloons in a multinational single‐arm registry. Bail‐out stenting rate was only 4.8%.
One‐year target lesion revascularization was 2.3% for de novo lesions, 2.9% for bare metal stent ISR, and 5.8% for drug‐eluting stent ISR.
Short‐term results with coronary drug‐coated balloons are promising. Nonetheless, long‐term data, preferably from randomized trials are necessary to confirm their safety and efficacy.
The use of ultra low contrast volume during percutaneous coronary intervention and risk of acute kidney injury: How low can we go?
Authors: Harfouch Badr , Prasad Anand 
Published: February 2019

Key Points

Gurm et al demonstrated that in PCI, the use of ultra low volume compared with higher contrast volumes (CVs), was associated with significant lower risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and new need for dialysis.
Thirteen percent of the study population had PCI using ultra low CV.
Future studies are needed to explore further utilization of the suggested threshold when performing PCI in high risk patients.
Methylamine Treated Mn3O4 Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Water Oxidation Catalyst under Neutral Condition
Authors: Lee Yoon Ho , Park Sunghak , Lee Kang‐Gyu , Lee Moo Young , Cho Kang Hee , Kim Sung Jin , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the most important ways to produce hydrogen fuel for an environmentally friendly energy system. Low‐cost and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been studied to overcome the sluggish kinetics of OER, which is considered to be a bottleneck that affects the overall efficiency of water splitting. However, the atomic‐level understanding and control of the catalyst surface still remains elusive. Here, we show that methylamine treatment of manganese oxide nanoparticles can effectively control their surface charge and enhance their OER catalytic activity under neutral condition. Methylamine treatment can reduce the overpotential for OER by nearly 100 mV at the current density 5 mA cm−2. Through spectroscopic studies, potentiometric titration, and zeta potential analysis, we discovered that methylamine does not exist on the surface after methylamine treatment but deprotonates the surface of nanoparticles and induce additional negative charge on the surface. Surprisingly, treatment with not only methylamine but other amines can also improve the OER performance and the catalytic activity of the amine treated nanoparticles is influenced by the pKa values of amines.
Insights Into the Effect of Nickel Doping on ZIF‐Derived Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Zinc−Air Batteries
Authors: Asokan Arunchander , Lee Hansol , Gwon Ohhun , Kim Jeongwon , Kwon Ohhun , Kim Guntae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe advancement of cost‐effective, efficient, and durable catalysts to replace high cost Pt‐based electrocatalysts are of recent interest, especially to enhance the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal−air batteries. Herein, we report self‐assembled Co−Ni based nitrogen doped carbon structures (Co−Ni/NC) derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as a highly efficient and durable ORR catalyst for rechargeable zinc−air batteries (ZAB). An effective three‐phase boundary is recognised with a well‐organized interconnected porous carbon framework of the Co−Ni/NC catalyst. The developed catalyst exhibited much improved onset and half‐wave potentials (0.93 V and 0.86 V vs. RHE, respectively) in alkaline electrolyte, especially in the limiting current region, which was credited to the porous structure. Furthermore, excellent durability was found for the catalyst operated using continuous potential cycles for 5,000 times and chronoamperometric measurements for 50 h. Finally, the optimised Co−Ni/NC catalyst was successfully utilised as a cathode catalyst and delivered substantial power density in ZAB configuration under ambient operating conditions. Substantial battery durability was also observed over 1000 h by periodically replacing the anodic zinc electrode. Hence, the present investigation offers the prospect of the development of new non‐precious, highly active, and durable oxygen reduction catalysts for zinc air battery applications.
Biomimetic Straw‐Like Bundle Cobalt‐Doped Fe2O3 Electrodes towards Superior Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Miao , Liu Yongmei , Li Youpeng , Wang Kang , Guo Yayun , Li Yanxin , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiomimetic straw‐like bundles of Co‐doped Fe2O3 (SCF), with Co2+ incorporated into the lattice of α‐Fe2O3, was fabricated through a cost‐effective hydrothermal process and used as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The SCF exhibited ultrahigh initial discharge specific capacity (1760.7 mA h−1 g−1 at 200 mA g−1) and cycling stability (with the capacity retention of 1268.3 mA h−1 g−1 after 350 cycles at 200 mA g−1). In addition, a superior rate capacity of 376.1 mA h−1 g−1 was obtained at a high current density of 4000 mA g−1. The remarkable electrochemical lithium storage of SCF is attributed to the Co‐doping, which increases the unit cell volume and affects the whole structure. It makes the Li+ insertion–extraction process more flexible. Meanwhile, the distinctive straw‐like bundle structure can accelerate Li ion diffusion and alleviate the huge volume expansion upon cycling.
Unprecedented Inversion of Selectivity and Extraordinary Difference in the Complexation of Trivalent f Elements by Diastereomers of a Methylated Diglycolamide
Authors: Wilden Andreas , Kowalski Piotr M. , Klaß Larissa , Kraus Benjamin , Kreft Fabian , Modolo Giuseppe , Li Yan , Rothe Jörg , Dardenne Kathy , Geist Andreas , Leoncini Andrea , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen considering f elements, solvent extraction is primarily used for the removal of lanthanides from ore and their recycling, as well as for the separation of actinides from used nuclear fuel. Understanding the complexation mechanism of metal ions with organic extractants, particularly the influence of their molecular structure on complex formation is of fundamental importance. Herein, we report an extraordinary (up to two orders of magnitude) change in the extraction efficiency of f elements with two diastereomers of dimethyl tetraoctyl diglycolamide (Me2‐TODGA), which only differ in the orientation of a single methyl group. Solvent extraction techniques, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio calculations were used to understand their complex structures and to explain their complexation mechanism. We show that the huge differences observed in extraction selectivity results from a small change in the complexation of nitrate counter‐ions caused by the different orientation of one methyl group in the backbone of the extractant. The obtained results give a significant new insight into metal–ligand complexation mechanisms, which will promote the development of more efficient separation techniques.
Dynamic Disorder Restriction of Methylammonium (MA) Groups in Chloride‐Doped MAPbBr3 Hybrid Perovskites: A Neutron Powder Diffraction Study
Authors: López Carlos Alberto , Álvarez‐Galván María Consuelo , Martínez‐Huerta María Victoria , Fernández‐Díaz María Teresa , Alonso José Antonio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe hybrid methylammonium (MA) lead halide MAPbX3 perovskites present an appealing optoelectronic behavior with applications in high‐efficiency solar cells. The orientation of the organic MA units may play an important role in the properties, given the degrees of freedom for internal motion of MA groups within the PbX6 network. The present neutron powder diffraction study reveals the dynamic features of the MA units in the hybrid perovskite series MAPb(Br1−xClx)3, with x=0, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, and 1. From difference Fourier maps, the H and C/N positions were located within the PbX6 lattice; the refinement of the crystal structures unveiled the MA conformations. Three different orientations were found to exist as a function of the chlorine content (x) and, therefore, of the cubic unit‐cell size. These conformations are stabilized by H‐bond interactions with the halide ions, and were found to agree with those reported from theoretical calculations.
Recent advances in computational photocatalysis: A review
Authors: Meng Xiangchao , Yun Nan , Zhang Zisheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysis has been extensively developed in recent years. Along with the development of computational software and hardware technology, the idea of designing a novel material (such as photocatalytic materials) starting from computation/modelling methods is growing increasingly popular. The combination of computational methods and material design is known as material simulation. The most difficult task in material simulation is to solve the Schrödinger equation. Aiming to overcome this problem, a large variety of approaches have been implemented and a fundamental package has been developed, namely DFT. Based on the simulated results, the most of typical parameters in photocatalysis such as band gap, optical property, recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, as well as adsorption and its mechanism can be investigated and estimated. Moreover, other computation methods relevant to photocatalysis were also herein introduced, primarily including irradiation modelling (using RTE) in a photoreactor, mass transfer, photocatalytic reaction kinetics, and the evaluation of photocatalytic activity. Computation methods applied to photocatalysis using various fundamental and equations are reviewed with an emphasis on materials simulation using DFT.
Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Self‐Healing Polymers: An Effective Method for Improving Interface Compatibility of Doped Functional Polymers
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Li Shaonan , Liao Xinzhang , Li Jihang , Ma Wujun , Dong Yanmao , Zhou Xing , Liu Yaqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDoped functional polymers, such as magnetic self‐healing polymers based on magnetic inorganic nanoparticles, have raised great attention and been applied in many fields recently due to their superior properties. However, the deficiency of interface compatibility between the inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymers, and the sedimentation and non‐uniform dispersion of the inorganic nanoparticles led to difficulties in the fabrication and development of doped functional polymer materials. In this work, we took magnetic doped self‐healing polymers as an example and proposed an accessible method to solve the problem. We prepared organic‐polymer‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with high interface compatibility and then applied them to successfully synthesize magnetic self‐healing polymers. The average size of the resulting coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 8.82±1.09 nm, the practical saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles and the magnetic self‐healing polymers was 83.35, 24.29 emu/g, respectively. In addition, the self‐healing efficiency of the magnetic self‐healing polymers could reach 74.3% when healing for 1 hour and 78.4% when adding a magnetic field compared with 75.8% for the pure self‐healing polymers and 34.5% of magnetic polymers based on pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This work may offer a reference in fabricating doped functional polymers based on inorganic nanoparticles with high interface compatibility.