bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea Ice–Ocean Feedbacks in the Antarctic Shelf Seas
Authors: Frew R. C. , Feltham D. L. , Holland P. R. , Petty A. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObserved changes in Antarctic sea ice are poorly understood, in part due to the complexity of its interactions with the atmosphere and ocean. A highly simplified, coupled sea ice–ocean mixed layer model has been developed to investigate the importance of sea ice–ocean feedbacks on the evolution of sea ice and the ocean mixed layer in two contrasting regions of the Antarctic continental shelf ocean: the Amundsen Sea, which has warm shelf waters, and the Weddell Sea, which has cold and saline shelf waters. Modeling studies where we deny the feedback response to surface air temperature perturbations show the importance of feedbacks on the mixed layer and ice cover in the Weddell Sea to be smaller than the sensitivity to surface atmospheric conditions. In the Amundsen Sea the effect of surface air temperature perturbations on the sea ice are opposed by changes in the entrainment of warm deep waters into the mixed layer. The net impact depends on the relative balance between changes in sea ice growth driven by surface perturbations and basal-driven melting. The changes in the entrainment of warm water in the Amundsen Sea were found to have a much larger impact on the ice volume than perturbations in the surface energy budget. This creates a net negative ice albedo feedback in the Amundsen Sea, reversing the sign of this typically positive feedback mechanism.
Method for Classification of Snowflakes Based on Images by a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hicks A. , Notaroš B. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTaking advantage of the recent developments in machine learning, we propose an approach to automatic winter hydrometeor classification based on utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a method and tool for classification of snowflakes based on geometric characteristics and riming degree, respectively, obtained using CNNs from high-resolution images by a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC). These networks are optimal for image classification of winter precipitation particles due to their high accuracy, computational efficiency, automatic feature extraction, and application versatility. They require little initial preparation, enable the use of smaller training sets through transfer learning techniques, come with large supporting communities and a wealth of resources available, and can be applied and operated by nonexperts. We illustrate both the ease of implementation and the usefulness of operation the CNN architecture offers as a tool for researchers and practitioners utilizing in situ optical observational devices. A training dataset containing 1450 MASC images is developed primarily from two storm events in December 2014 and February 2015 in Greeley, Colorado, by visual inspection of recognizable snowflake geometries. Defined geometric classes are aggregate, columnar crystal, planar crystal, small particle, and graupel. The CNN trained on this dataset achieves a mean accuracy of 93.4% and displays excellent generalization (ability to classify new data). In addition, a separate training dataset is developed by sorting snowflakes into three classes and showcasing distinct degrees of riming. The CNN riming degree estimator yields promising initial results but would benefit from larger training sets.
On the Evaluation of Probabilistic Thunderstorm Forecasts and the Automated Generation of Thunderstorm Threat Areas during Environment Canada Pan Am Science Showcase
Authors: Brunet Dominique , Sills David , Driedger Norbert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An object-based forecasting, nowcasting, and alerting system prototype was demonstrated during the summer 2015 Environment Canada Pan Am Science Showcase (ECPASS) in Toronto. Part of this demonstration involved the generation of experimental thunderstorm threat areas by both automated NWP postprocessing algorithms and by a pair of human forecasters. This paper first develops a rigorous verification methodology for the intercomparison of continuous as well as categorical probabilistic thunderstorm forecasts. The methodology is then applied to the intercomparison of thunderstorm forecasts made during ECPASS. Statistical postprocessing of forecasts by smoothing with optimal bandwidth followed by recalibration is found to improve the skill scores of all thunderstorm forecasts studied at all lead times between 6 and 48 h. In addition, the calibrated ensemble mean forecasts are found to be better than the calibrated deterministic thunderstorm forecasts for all lead times considered, though postprocessing of the convective rain-rate forecast gives results that are statistically comparable with the ensemble mean forecast. Thunderstorm threat areas that were automatically generated by thresholding the output of NWP-based postprocessed algorithms have better scores than those generated by human forecasters for most lead times beyond 9 h, indicating that they could be integrated as an automated tool for providing high-quality “first-guess” thunderstorm threat areas in an object-based forecasting, nowcasting, and alerting system. A unique contribution of this paper is a novel verification methodology for the fair comparison between continuous and categorical probabilistic forecasts, a methodology that could be used for other experiments involving human- and automatically generated object-based forecasts derived from probabilistic forecasts.
The low accuracy of the non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction electrocardiograph criteria of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction
Authors: Morris Niall , Reynard Charles , Body Richard 
Published: August 2019

Background: The electrocardiograph has been integral to the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes since the mid-20th Century and is an important initial investigation that chest pain patients undergo on presentation to the Emergency Department. The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends using dichotomous cut-offs to identify ischaemic electrocardiographs. Objectives: We aimed to summarise the existing knowledge to inform emergency clinicians about the diagnostic accuracy of the new guidelines. Methods: We performed a systematic review and a narrative analysis due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: We were able to obtain diagnostic characteristics for 10 papers. The ST-depression criteria were highly specific but poorly sensitive in five papers, with a specificity of 97.2%–99.3% and a sensitivity of 16.6%–20.0%. The remaining papers reported a higher sensitivity of 25.7%–58.6% but a lower specificity of 86.0%–91.2%. T wave inversion demonstrated poor specificity; the papers that looked at 0.1 mV T wave inversion demonstrated a sensitivity of 26.9%–46.8% and a specificity of 68.6%–86.4%. Conclusion: The heterogeneous evidence database demonstrates that the Fourth universal definition’s diagnostic performance varies wildly. Apart from two outlying papers, ST-depression has suboptimal sensitivity but high specificity. T wave inversion appears to be more sensitive yet less specific.
Effects of Vocal Training on Students’ Voices in a Professional Drama School
Authors: Tower Jacob I. , Acton Lynn , Wolf Jessica , Wilson Walton , Young Nwanmegha 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vocal training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of student actors’ voices.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary medical facility speech and swallow center.Subjects and MethodsAcoustic, aerodynamic, and Voice Handicap Index–10 measures were collected from 14 first‐year graduate‐level drama students before and after a standard vocal training program and analyzed for changes over time.ResultsAmong the aerodynamic measures that were collected, mean expiratory airflow was significantly reduced after vocal training. Among the acoustic measures that were collected, mean fundamental frequency was significantly increased after vocal training. On average, Voice Handicap Index–10 scores were unchanged after vocal training.ConclusionThe cohort of drama students undergoing vocal training demonstrated improvements in voice aerodynamics, which indicate enhanced glottal efficiency after training. The present study also found an increased average fundamental frequency among the actors during sustained voicing and no changes in jitter and shimmer despite frequent performance.
LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis
Authors: Morishima Tatsuya , Krahl Ann-Christin , Nasri Masoud , Xu Yun , Aghaallaei Narges , Findik Betül , Klimiankou Maksim , Ritter Malte , Hartmann Marcus D. , Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Stefanczyk Sylwia , Lindner Christian , Oswald Benedikt , Bernhard Regine , Hähnel Karin , Hermanutz-Klein Ursula , Ebinger Martin , Handgretinger Rupert , Casadei Nicolas , Welte Karl , Andre Maya , Müller Patrick , Bajoghli Baubak , Skokowa Julia 
Published: August 2019

Key PointsLMO2 is deacetylated by the NAMPT/SIRT2 pathway. LMO2 deacetylation is essential for LIM domain binding 1 binding and TAL1 complex activation during hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis.
Dmrt factors determine the positional information of cerebral cortical progenitors via differential suppression of homeobox genes
Authors: Konno Daijiro , Kishida Chiaki , Maehara Kazumitsu , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Okada Seiji , Matsuzaki Fumio 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The spatiotemporal identity of neural progenitors and the regional control of neurogenesis are essential for the development of cerebral cortical architecture. Here, we report that mammalian DM domain factors (Dmrt) determine the identity of cerebral cortical progenitors. Among the Dmrt family genes expressed in the developing dorsal telencephalon, Dmrt3 and Dmrta2 show a medialhigh/laterallow expression gradient. Their simultaneous loss confers a ventral identity to dorsal progenitors, resulting in the ectopic expression of Gsx2 and massive production of GABAergic olfactory bulb interneurons in the dorsal telencephalon. Furthermore, double-mutant progenitors in the medial region exhibit upregulated Pax6 and more lateral characteristics. These ventral and lateral shifts in progenitor identity depend on Dmrt gene dosage. We also found that Dmrt factors bind to Gsx2 and Pax6 enhancers to suppress their expression. Our findings thus reveal that the graded expression of Dmrt factors provide positional information for progenitors by differentially repressing downstream genes in the developing cerebral cortex.
High-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy for three-dimensional visualisation of beating flagella
Authors: Walker Benjamin J. , Wheeler Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Analysis of flagellum and cilium beating in three dimensions (3D) is important for understanding cell motility, and using fluorescence microscopy to do so would be extremely powerful. Here, high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy, where the light path is split to visualise multiple focal planes simultaneously, was used to reconstruct Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana movement in 3D. These species are uniflagellate unicellular parasites for which motility is vital. It was possible to use either a fluorescent stain or a genetically-encoded fluorescent protein to visualise flagellum and cell movement at 200 Hz frame rates. This addressed two open questions regarding Trypanosoma and Leishmania flagellum beating, which contributes to their swimming behaviours: 1) how planar is the L. mexicana flagellum beat, and 2) what is the nature of flagellum beating during T. brucei ‘tumbling’? We showed that L. mexicana has notable deviations from a planar flagellum beat, and that during tumbling the T. brucei flagellum bends the cell and beats only in the distal portion to achieve cell reorientation. This demonstrates high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy as a powerful tool for the analysis of beating flagella.
Meeting Report – The 2019 FEBS special meeting on sphingolipid biology: sphingolipids in physiology and pathology
Authors: D'Angelo Giovanni , Clarke Christopher J. , Silva Liana C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Sphingolipids are a fundamental class of molecules that are involved in structural, organizational and signaling properties of eukaryotic membranes. Defects in their production or disposal lead to acquired and inherited human diseases. A growing community of scientists has embraced the challenge to dissect different aspects of sphingolipid biology using a variety of approaches, and a substantial part of this community met last May in the beautiful town of Cascais in Portugal. Over 200 scientists from 26 countries animated the conference, held in a 15th century citadel, sharing their data and opinions on the current understanding and future challenges in sphingolipid research. Here, we report some of their contributions to provide the readers with a bird’s-eye view of the themes discussed at the meeting.
Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds
Authors: Da Zhi , Huang Xing 
Published: August 2019

When will a large group provide an accurate answer to a question involving quantity estimation? We empirically examine this question on a crowd-based corporate earnings forecast platform (Estimize.com). By tracking user activities, we monitor the amount of public information a user views before making an earnings forecast. We find that the more public information users view, the less weight they put on their own private information. Although this improves the accuracy of individual forecasts, it reduces the accuracy of the group consensus forecast because useful private information is prevented from entering the consensus. To address endogeneity concerns related to a user’s information acquisition choice, we collaborate with Estimize.com to run experiments that restrict the information available to randomly selected stocks and users. The experiments confirm that “independent” forecasts result in a more accurate consensus. Estimize.com was convinced to switch to a “blind” platform from November 2015 on. The findings suggest that the wisdom of crowds can be better harnessed by encouraging independent voices from among group members and that more public information disclosure may not always improve group decision making. This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
Auditors’ Liability to Lenders and Auditor Conservatism
Authors: Liao Pei-Cheng , Radhakrishnan Suresh 
Published: August 2019

We examine the near-privity rule that increases the auditor’s legal liability exposure by considering a debtholder who can sue the auditor and recover damages when there is an audit failure. We show that the increase in the auditor’s legal liability induces the auditor to choose more informative and more conservative efforts. Although the increased informative effort has a favorable spillover effect that increases the equityholder’s expected payoff, the increased conservative effort induces a bias—that is, decreases the likelihood of reporting a true good state as good—and thus induces an adverse spillover effect that decreases the equityholder’s expected payoff. As such, when the conservative effort bias is small, the favorable spillover effect dominates the adverse spillover effect, and the equityholder prefers the near-privity regime. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Preserving Bidder Privacy in Assignment Auctions: Design and Measurement
Authors: Liu De , Bagh Adib 
Published: August 2019

Motivated by bidders’ interests in concealing their private information in auctions, we propose an ascending clock auction for unit-demand assignment problems that economizes on bidder information revelation, together with a new general-purpose measure of information revelation. Our auction uses an iterative partial reporting design such that for a given set of prices, not all bidders are required to report their demands, and when they are, they reveal a single preferred item at a time instead of all. Our design can better preserve bidder privacy while maintaining several good properties: sincere bidding is an ex post Nash equilibrium, ending prices are path independent, and efficiency is achieved if the auction starts with the auctioneer’s reservation values. Our measurement of information revelation is based on Shannon’s entropy and can be used to compare a wide variety of auction and nonauction mechanisms. We propose a hybrid quasi–Monte Carlo procedure for computing this measure. Our numerical simulations show that our auction consistently outperforms a full-reporting benchmark with up to 18% less entropy reduction and scales to problems of over 100,000 variables. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Enteral feeding young people with anorexia nervosa under restraint in inpatient settings
Authors: Fuller Sarah , Street Oliver , Hudson Lee , Nicholls Dasha 
Published: August 2019

Background Children and adolescents who require inpatient admission for the treatment of anorexia nervosa often require medical stabilisation – administration of adequate nutrition – which can be lifesaving. In the majority of cases, this can be achieved through oral intake. However, in extreme cases, when a patient refuses to eat and/or drink, nasogastric tube feeding may be required. If there is resistance to this, subject to the appropriate legal framework to ensure valid consent, staff can apply physical interventions (restraint) to ensure the patient and staff's safety during this process. Methods A survey of 134 (99%) of child and adolescent mental health units and eating disorder units was undertaken in the United Kingdom and Ireland to identify current practice and makes recommendations for future guidelines to standardise practice. Results A total of 58 units (43.3%) reported that they were able to facilitate nasogastric tube feeding. Of these, 46 units (79%; 34% of total) reported that they could facilitate this with physical interventions; however, two units had no experience of this. Conclusions Many, but not all, units apply the ‘least restrictive practice’ principle and reduce the number of feeds a day while increasing the volume up to 1000 ml and deliver these feeds quickly via syringe bolus and not enteral pump.
Creating a dedicated home birth team in Tower Hamlets: a review of outcomes from the first year
Authors: Foley Caitlin , Callaghan Faye , Olusile Mary 
Published: August 2019

Background A dedicated home birth team was established at a large teaching hospital in a deprived inner London borough. Aim To increase the home birth rate in Tower Hamlets and offer continuity of carer to women opting for home birth. Methods Data were collected on all 90 women receiving care by the team. Data, including demographics, care episodes and maternal and neonatal outcomes, were recorded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Findings With a dedicated home birth team, the home birth rate in Tower Hamlets increased by 68% compared to the previous year, while still remaining a small proportion of all births in the borough. The overall transfer rate was 32.6%, in line with national figures. Outcomes for both mothers and babies were very good, with 89% of women who started their labour at home achieving a normal vaginal birth. Feedback was exceptionally positive, with 100% of women who provided feedback recommending the service. The women being referred and choosing homebirth were not demographically representative of the population of the borough. Conclusions The provision of a dedicated homebirth team in Tower Hamlets has been a positive addition to the area's existing maternity services. More needs to be done to improve the visibility of the team in order to secure more referrals and increase the homebirth rate, especially among the Bengali and other ethnic minority populations, to enable equitable access to homebirth.
Level-Based Estimation of Dynamic Panel Models
Authors: Montes-Rojas Gabriel , Sosa-Escudero Walter , Zincenko Federico 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper develops an alternative estimator for linear dynamic panel data models based on parameterizing the covariances between covariates and unobserved time-invariant effects. A GMM framework is used to derive an optimal estimator based on moment conditions in levels, with no efficiency loss compared to the classic alternatives like (Arellano, M., and S. Bond. 1991. “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.” Review of Economic Studies 58 (2): 277–297), (Ahn, S. C., and P. Schmidt. 1995. “Efficient Estimation of Models for Dynamic Panel Data.” Journal of Econometrics 68 (1): 5–27) and (Ahn, S. C., and P. Schmidt. 1997. “Efficient Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Models: Alternative Assumptions and Simplified Estimation.” Journal of Econometrics 76: 309–321). Still, we show analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations that the new procedure leads to efficiency improvements for certain data generating processes. The framework also leads to a very simple test for unobserved effects.
Fourth-generation Bidirectional Wireless Hybrid Transmission System Employing Power-Doubler-Amplifier and Data Comparator
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul , Mallick Khaleda , Mandal Paulomi , Mandal Gour Chandra , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An innovative cost-effective fourth-generation bidirectional wireless hybrid transport system, employing optical add-drop multiplexing technique, power doubler amplifier and data comparator, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed system can transmits, downlink 80 community antenna television (CATV) channels, two different wireless-over-fiber (WoF) data signals (1.5-Gbps/2.4-GHz, 2.5-Gbps/3.5-GHz) at two different base stations over 40 km and 80 km single-mode fiber (SMF), respectively, and an uplink 5-Gbps baseband (BB) signal at central station over 40 km SMF, using a single optical carrier. The good carrier-to-noise ratio, composite-second order and composite-triple bit are achieved for CATV channels, and small BER and open eye-diagrams are achieved for WoF and BB signals.
The crystal structure of methyl 2-(benzylamino)-5-(benzyloxy)benzoate, C22H21NO3
Authors: Qin Yu-Mei , Zou Xue , Long Dan , Ji Chun , Zhao Chun-Shen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C22H21NO3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.757(3) Å, b = 12.106(5) Å, c = 13.139(6) Å, α = 93.725(12)°, β = 92.508(15)°, γ = 92.508(15)° V = 891.3(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0474, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1429, T = 296(2) K.
Determination of low molecular weight chlorinated organic compounds in polyamideanine epichlorohydrin solution
Authors: Wei Qi , Cheng Hao , Wu Shubin , Chen Chunxia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A convenient and quick method has been developed for simultaneous detection of several low molecular weight chlorinated organic compounds (LMWC) in polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) solution, using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC). The method consists of extracting a sample containing 0.42 g/mL NaCl with an 85 µm polyacrylate (PA) coated fiber at an extraction temperature of

45

∘

C

{45^{\circ }}\text{C}

, for an extraction time of 30 mins, and desorbing the analytes at

240

∘

C

{240^{\circ }}\text{C}

for 6 mins. Under these optimized conditions, relatively low limits of detection (LOD) of the analytes, good linearity (

r

2

≥
0.9934

{r^{2}}\ge 0.9934

) and precision (relative standard deviation (

RSD
≤
4.38

%

\text{RSD}\le 4.38\hspace{0.1667em}\%

)) were obtained. Taking into account the matrix effect, standard addition methodology was applied to validate this method and recovery values were between 91.59 % and 109.69 %. This method is therefore well-suited for accurate determination of low levels of LMWC in PAE.