bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quiet life hypothesis reborn: is “holdinglisation” relevant?
Authors: Liem Maria Christina 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Quiet life hypothesis (QLH) states that banks with a higher market power will generate high profitability quietly, even though it could cause inefficiency. In the long term, it could turn a high profitability into a lower future profitability. This paper identifies QLH-reborn through the holdinglisation strategy of the Indonesian Government to include all state-owned banks into one holding, hence increasing the market power of Indonesian state-owned banks within ASEAN. Optimum profitability and optimum efficiency are the objectives of the “holdinglisation” idea. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the relevance of holdinglisation within the Indonesian banking industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper focusses on analysing the efficiency and soundness of four state-owned conventional banks and four state-owned Islamic banks in Indonesia during 2011–2015. Subsequently, this paper analyses the impact of bank effectiveness index and soundness rank on return on average asset (ROAA) and ROAE through the data panel of general least square regression using STATA.

Findings
This paper shows that all state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia during 2011–2015 are efficient and sound. Furthermore, this paper finds that market power (market share for deposit and market share for loans) has an insignificant impact on bank efficiency (BE) index, bank soundness rating, ROAA and EM. Meanwhile, BE index and BS rating have a significant impact on ROAA. Therefore, this paper concludes that holdinglisation regulation as QLH-reborn is irrelevant for Indonesian state-owned banks at this moment.

Research limitations/implications
This paper has a crucial limitation. Holdinglisation as QLH-reborn is irrelevant under the condition that all state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia are efficient and sound. Moreover, this paper contributes another actual empirical study of QLH.

Practical implications
This paper represents a scientific argumentation towards a holdinglisation strategy of state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper could be a scientific reference for the Indonesian Government to improve Indonesian state-owned commercial banks competitiveness in ASEAN.

Originality/value
This paper is urgently needed for the Indonesian banking industry because the Indonesian Government should consider the drawbacks of holdinglisation as QLH reborn to the Indonesian banking industry, such as inefficiency and the risks of financial failure. Moreover, if the bank experiences financial failure, it could have a detrimental and lasting effect on the country’s macroeconomic condition.
The power of head tilts: gender and cultural differences of perceived human vs human-like robot smile in service
Authors: Yu Chung-En , Ngan Henrique F. Boyol 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the perceptual differences toward smiling behaviors with head inclinations displaying by the human-like robot staff and human staff in a service setting.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a 2 (staff: robot/human personal personnel) × 3 (head tilt: left/right/straight) full factorial design, while cross-examining participants’ cultural dimensions 2 (power distance: high/lower) × 2 (gender: male/female) during the service encounter.

Findings
Overall, it was found that male and female customers with different cultural background would perceive robot and human personnel with varying degrees of head tilt very differently, namely, regarding interpersonal warmth but not customer satisfaction.

Originality/value
Nonverbal cues serve as important elements in the interaction. This paper provides new directions on the design of anthropomorphic robot and gives insight to people’s perceptual differences. All in all, the present study is useful in facilitating human–robot interactions.
The potential value of research-based evidence in destination management: the case of Kamikawa, Japan
Authors: Higuchi Yukari , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the direct intervention of university researchers in tourism practices in Hokkaido, Japan. The overall objective is the further understanding into the potential value of research-based evidence and scientific knowledge in tourism destination management. The paper articulates how the outcomes of structured knowledge creation were able to fundamentally change the long-held presumptions of local stakeholders about their destination, and the paper also examines how this knowledge was used to aid decision-making and the formulation of new tourism strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Through an action research approach, data were collected by direct participation and interviews and then qualitatively analyzed.

Findings
The results clearly depict that the key factors for making destination management workable and sustainable are related to academic researchers’ direct intervention in tourism practices.

Originality/value
This paper has filled a gap in existing scholarship where empirical understanding from first-hand experiences has lacked around the important role that scientific knowledge or evidence-based research can play in enhancing decision-making in collaborative initiatives aiming to develop local tourism resources. The importance of the scientific approach and evidence-based decision-making is gaining increasing recognition in tourist destination development and management. This points to an important opportunity for academic researchers to contribute to the realization of sustainable tourist practices.
Hepatitis B variants among Egyptian patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Abdel‐Maksoud Nashwa H. M. , El‐Shamy Ahmed , Fawzy Mohamed , Gomaa Hanaa H. A. , Eltarabilli Mokhtar M. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious nosocomial infection that affects patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, certain HBV variants are not detected by routine serological tests in Egyptian dialysis units because of mutations that change important viral antigens (Ags). Of note, these mutations can result in the appearance of different HBV variants with different clinical manifestations. Thus, the present study aimed to assess different clinical forms of HBV infections and viral genotypes among patients undergoing HD in the Ismailia governorate of Egypt. To this end, serum samples were collected from 150 patients undergoing HD and screened for HBV‐DNA using a nested PCR technique. Positive samples were then screened for HBV serological markers (hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb], hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B e antibody) using ELISA and the HBV viral load quantitated by qPCR. HBV genotypes were detected by direct sequencing of the partial surface (S) gene. The most common clinical form of HBV infection in our study cohort was overt HBV infection (10%); followed by seropositive occult hepatitis B infection (7.3%), most of whom had an isolated HBcAb. The least common form was the precore mutant (1.3%). All HBV isolates were genotype D. This study reveals the importance of HBcAb and PCR in screening for HBV, especially for detection of occult hepatitis B infection.
The antitoxin MqsA homologue in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 has a rewired regulatory circuit through evolution
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Si‐Ping , Zhang Meng‐Yuan , Kempher Megan L. , Guo Ding‐Ding , Han Jian‐Ting , Tao Xuanyu , Wu Yi , Zhang Li‐Qun , He Yong‐Xing 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe mqsRA operon encodes a toxin–antitoxin pair that was characterized to participate in biofilm and persister cell formation in Escherichia coli. Notably, the antitoxin MqsA possesses a C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain that recognizes the [5’‐AACCT(N)2‐4AGGTT‐3′] motif and acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling multiple genes including the general stress response regulator RpoS. However, it is unknown how the transcriptional circuits of MqsA homologues have changed in bacteria over evolutionary time. Here, we found mqsA in Pseudomonas fluorescens (PfmqsA) is acquired through horizontal gene transfer and binds to a slightly different motif [5′‐TACCCT(N)3AGGGTA‐3′], which exists upstream of the PfmqsRA operon. Interestingly, an adjacent GntR‐type transcriptional regulator, which was termed AgtR, is under negative control of PfMqsA. It was further demonstrated that PfMqsA reduces production of biofilm components through AgtR, which directly regulates the pga and fap operons involved in the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances. Moreover, through quantitative proteomics analysis, we showed AgtR is a highly pleiotropic regulator that influences up to 252 genes related to diverse processes including chemotaxis, oxidative phosphorylation and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Taken together, our findings suggest the rewired regulatory circuit of PfMqsA influences diverse physiological aspects of P. fluorescens 2P24 via the newly characterized AgtR.
Nanotube‐mediated cross‐feeding couples the metabolism of interacting bacterial cells
Authors: Shitut Shraddha , Ahsendorf Tobias , Pande Samay , Egbert Matthew , Kost Christian 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBacteria frequently engage in cross‐feeding interactions that involve an exchange of metabolites with other micro‐ or macroorganisms. The often obligate nature of these associations, however, hampers manipulative experiments, thus limiting our mechanistic understanding of the ecophysiological consequences that result for the organisms involved. Here we address this issue by taking advantage of a well‐characterized experimental model system, in which auxotrophic genotypes of E. coli derive essential amino acids from prototrophic donor cells using intercellular nanotubes. Surprisingly, donor–recipient cocultures revealed that the mere presence of auxotrophic genotypes was sufficient to increase amino acid production levels of several prototrophic donor genotypes. Our work is consistent with a scenario, in which interconnected auxotrophs withdraw amino acids from the cytoplasm of donor cells, which delays feedback inhibition of the corresponding amino acid biosynthetic pathway and, in this way, increases amino acid production levels. Our findings indicate that in newly established mutualistic associations, an intercellular regulation of exchanged metabolites can simply emerge from the architecture of the underlying biosynthetic pathways, rather than requiring the evolution of new regulatory mechanisms.
Metagenomic dissection of the canine gut microbiota: insights into taxonomic, metabolic and nutritional features
Authors: Alessandri Giulia , Milani Christian , Mancabelli Leonardo , Mangifesta Marta , Lugli Gabriele A. , Viappiani Alice , Duranti Sabrina , Turroni Francesca , Ossiprandi Maria C. , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDomestication of dogs from wolves is the oldest known example of ongoing animal selection, responsible for generating more than 300 dog breeds worldwide. In order to investigate the taxonomic and functional evolution of the canine gut microbiota, a multi‐omics approach was applied to six wild wolves and 169 dog faecal samples, the latter encompassing 51 breeds, which fully covers currently known canine genetic biodiversity. Specifically, 16S rRNA gene and bifidobacterial Internally Transcribed Spacer (ITS) profiling were employed to reconstruct and then compare the canine core gut microbiota to those of wolves and humans, revealing that artificial selection and subsequent cohabitation of dogs with their owners influenced the microbial population of canine gut through loss and acquisition of specific bacterial taxa. Moreover, comparative analysis of the intestinal bacterial population of dogs fed on Bones and Raw Food (BARF) or commercial food (CF) diet, coupled with shotgun metagenomics, highlighted that both bacterial composition and metabolic repertoire of the canine gut microbiota have evolved to adapt to high‐protein or high‐carbohydrates intake. Altogether, these data indicate that artificial selection and domestication not only affected the canine genome, but also shaped extensively the bacterial population harboured by the canine gut.
Thiol‐based redox sensing in the methyltransferase associated sensor kinase RdmS in Methanosarcina acetivorans
Authors: Fiege Kerstin , Frankenberg‐Dinkel Nicole 
Published: January 2019

SummaryOrganisms have evolved signal transduction systems to quickly adapt their lifestyle to internal and environmental changes. While protein kinases and two‐component systems are widely distributed in Bacteria, they are also found in Archaea but are less diversified and abundant. In this work, we analysed the function of the kinase RdmS and its role in a putative two‐component system in the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans. RdmS is encoded upstream of the regulator MsrF, which activates the expression of the corrinoid/methyltransferase fusion protein MtsD. In contrast to a typical bacterial histidine kinase, RdmS lacks a membrane domain and the conserved histidine residue for phosphorylation, indicating a different mechanism of signal transduction in comparison to bacterial counterparts. RdmS covalently binds a heme cofactor and is thereby able to bind small molecules like CO and dimethyl sulfide. Interestingly, RdmS possesses a redox‐dependent autophosphorylation activity, which, however, is independent of the bound heme cofactor. In fact, our experimental data suggest a thiol‐based redox sensing mechanism by RdmS. Moreover, we were able to show that RdmS interacts with the regulator protein MsrF. From these data, we conclude RdmS to be a thiol‐based kinase sensing redox changes and forming an archaeal multicomponent system with the regulators MsrG/F/C.
Real‐world experience of metformin use in pregnancy: Observational data from the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinical Register
Authors: Maple‐Brown Louise J. , Lindenmayer Greta , Barzi Federica , Whitbread Cherie , Connors Christine , Moore Elizabeth , Boyle Jacqueline , Kirkwood Marie , Lee I‐Lynn , Longmore Danielle , van Dokkum Paula , Wicks Mary , Dowden Michelle , Inglis Chrissie , Cotter Margaret , Kirkham Renae , Corpus Sumaria , Chitturi Sridhar , Thomas Sujatha , O'Dea Kerin , Zimmet Paul , Oats Jeremy , McIntyre Harold D. , Brown Alex , Shaw Jonathan E. ,   on behalf of the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Partnership
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia's Northern Territory, Indigenous mothers account for 33% of births and have high rates of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in pregnancy is up to 10‐fold higher in Indigenous than non‐Indigenous Australian mothers, and the use of metformin is common. We assessed birth outcomes in relation to metformin use during pregnancy from a clinical register.MethodsThe study included women with gestational diabetes (GDM), newly diagnosed diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), or pre‐existing T2D from 2012 to 2016. Data were analyzed for metformin use in the third trimester. Regression models were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, and insulin use.ResultsOf 1649 pregnancies, 814 (49.4%) were to Indigenous women, of whom 234 (28.7%) had T2D (vs 4.6% non‐Indigenous women; P < 0.001). Metformin use was high in Indigenous women (84%‐90% T2D, 42%‐48% GDM/DIP) and increased over time in non‐Indigenous women (43%‐100% T2D, 14%‐35% GDM/DIP). Among Indigenous women with GDM/DIP, there were no significant differences between groups with and without metformin in cesarean section (51% vs 39%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87‐1.81), large for gestational age (24% vs 13%; aOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9‐2.5), or serious neonatal adverse events (9.4% vs 5.9%; aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.68‐2.57). Metformin use was independently associated with earlier gestational age (37.7 vs 38.5 weeks), but the risk did not remain independently higher after exclusion of women managed with medical nutrition therapy alone, and the increase in births <37 weeks was not significant on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsWe found no clear evidence of any adverse outcomes related to the use of metformin for the treatment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy.
State‐switching continuous‐time correlated random walks
Authors: Michelot Théo , Blackwell Paul G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Continuous‐time models have been developed to capture features of animal movement across temporal scales. In particular, one popular model is the continuous‐time correlated random walk, in which the velocity of an animal is formulated as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, to capture the autocorrelation in the speed and direction of its movement. In telemetry analyses, discrete‐time state‐switching models (such as hidden Markov models) have been increasingly popular to identify behavioural phases from animal tracking data.

We propose a multistate formulation of the continuous‐time correlated random walk, with an underlying Markov process used as a proxy for the animal’s behavioural state process. We present a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to carry out Bayesian inference for this multistate continuous‐time model.

Posterior samples of the hidden state sequence, of the state transition rates, and of the state‐dependent movement parameters can be obtained. We investigate the performance of the method in a simulation study, and we illustrate its use in a case study of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) tracking data.

The method we present makes use of the state‐space model formulation of the continuous‐time correlated random walk, and can accommodate irregular sampling frequency and measurement error. It will facilitate the use of continuous‐time models to estimate movement characteristics and infer behavioural states from animal telemetry data.
Quality investing in Asian stock markets
Authors: Ng Chi Cheong Allen , Shen Jianfu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine two quality investing strategies using gross profitability (GP) or FSCORE, respectively, over the period of 2000–2016 in Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan stock markets. We find that the high‐quality stocks generally earn positive returns in these markets. Both FSCORE and GP are significantly positively associated with subsequent stock returns in the cross‐sectional regressions. We also find that financial institutions as sophisticated investor concern about stock quality. The actively managed institutions buy significantly more high‐quality stocks than low‐quality stocks in each of five Asian markets. The trading pattern is not significant in passively managed institutions.
Planting and Performing: Anxiety, Aspiration, and “Scripts” in Telangana Cotton Farming
Authors: Flachs Andrew 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTOn cotton farms in Telangana, India, performance draws attention to farmers’ work not merely as an economic activity but as directed toward different kinds of audiences and in conversation with different roles, stages, and scripts. Importantly, this performance is contextualized by a neoliberal seed market where a seasonal deluge of accelerated and consumerist seed marketing diminishes the value of experiential knowledge in favor of the expansion of private genetically modified (GM) seed sales. This article draws on mixed methods and qualitative fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2016 on cotton farms in Telangana to explore the use of “scripts” in rural life: the learned and socially mediated mental maps that reflect sets of rules, values, patterns, or expectations in smallholder commercial agriculture. The script of manci digubadi (good yield) helps order and justify GM cottonseed decision making in rural Telangana, where seed knowledge is uncertain, environmental feedback is ambiguous, and social emulation dominates farmer choices. While being cautious not to present performance in such a way that questions authenticity or presupposes either fatalism or economic rationalism, I argue that scripts help farmers navigate cotton agriculture amid uncertain GM cottonseed markets and the anxieties and aspirations of neoliberal rural India. [performance, agriculture, development, biotechnology, South Asia]
A failure in solidarity: Ethical challenges in the development and implementation of new tuberculosis technologies
Authors: Komparic Ana , Dawson Angus , Boulanger Renaud F. , Upshur Ross E. G. , Silva Diego S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProminent tuberculosis (TB) actors are invoking solidarity to motivate and justify collective action to address TB, including through intensified development and implementation (D&I) of technologies such as drugs and diagnostics. We characterize the ethical challenges associated with D&I of new TB technologies by drawing on stakeholder perspectives from 23 key informant interviews and we articulate the ethical implications of solidarity for TB technology D&I.The fundamental ethical issue facing TB technological D&I is a failure within and beyond the TB community to stand in solidarity with persons with TB in addressing the complex sociopolitical contexts of technological D&I. The failure in solidarity relates to two further ethical challenges raised by respondents: skewed power dynamics that hinder D&I and uncertainties around weighing risks and benefits associated with new technologies. Respondents identified advocacy and participatory research practices as necessary to address such challenges and to motivate sustained collective action to accelerate toward TB elimination.We present the first empirical examination of bioethical accounts of solidarity in public and global health. Our study suggests that solidarity allows us better to understand and address the ethical challenges that arrest the D&I of new TB technologies. Solidarity lends credence to policies and practices that address the relational nature of illness and health through collective action.
Sources of Canadian economic growth
Authors: Hasanzadeh Samira , Khan Hashmat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe apply modern ideas‐oriented growth accounting, based on the semi‐endogenous growth theory of Jones (2002), to compare the sources of Canadian and US economic growth between 1981–2014. This framework allows us to distinguish between transition dynamics and steady state growth as well as quantify their respective contributions. We find that the bulk of the 1.1 percentage points total average Canadian growth rate of output per hour has been due to transitional factors, mainly capital intensity and domestic human capital growth driven by educational attainment. The growth in excess ideas (total ideas growth minus steady state growth) has contributed a small share of 0.06 percentage points. Two features stand out in comparison to the US growth experience over the same period. First, over a full percentage point of the average US growth of 1.64% is due to excess ideas growth. Second, the “constant growth view” that reconciles large sources of transitional growth with relatively stable average growth is not supported in Canada. We estimate a relatively low elasticity of output with respect to world research effort as the reason behind the small share of R&D‐oriented sources of Canadian growth.