bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luring the Motor System: Impact of Performance-Contingent Incentives on Pre-Movement Beta-Band Activity and Motor Performance
Authors: Savoie Félix-Antoine , Hamel Raphaël , Lacroix Angélina , Thénault François , Whittingstall Kevin , Bernier Pierre-Michel 
Published: February 2019

It has been shown that when incentives are provided during movement preparation, activity in parieto-frontal regions reflects both expected value and motivational salience. Yet behavioral work suggests that the processing of rewards is faster than for punishments, raising the possibility that expected value and motivational salience manifest at different latencies during movement planning. Given the role of beta oscillations (13–30 Hz) in movement preparation and in communication within the reward circuit, this study investigated how beta activity is modulated by positive and negative monetary incentives during reach planning, and in particular whether it reflects expected value and motivational salience at different latencies. Electroencephalography was recorded while male and female humans performed a reaching task in which reward or punishment delivery depended on movement accuracy. Before a preparatory delay period, participants were informed of the consequences of hitting or missing the target, according to four experimental conditions: Neutral (hit/miss:+0/−0¢), Reward (hit/miss:+5/−0¢), Punish (hit/miss:+0/−5¢) and Mixed (hit/miss:+5/−5¢). Results revealed that beta power over parieto-frontal regions was strongly modulated by incentives during the delay period, with power positively correlating with movement times. Interestingly, beta power was selectively sensitive to potential rewards early in the delay period, after which it came to reflect motivational salience as movement onset neared. These results demonstrate that beta activity reflects expected value and motivational salience on different time scales during reach planning. They also provide support for models that link beta activity with basal ganglia and dopamine for the allocation of neural resources according to behavioral salience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present work demonstrates that pre-movement parieto-frontal beta power is modulated by monetary incentives in a goal-directed reaching task. Specifically, beta power transiently scaled with the availability of rewards early in movement planning, before reflecting motivational salience as movement onset neared. Moreover, pre-movement beta activity correlated with the vigor of the upcoming movement. These findings suggest that beta oscillations reflect neural processes that mediate the invigorating effect of incentives on motor performance, possibly through dopamine-mediated interactions with the basal ganglia.
Disruption of RAB-5 Increases EFF-1 Fusogen Availability at the Cell Surface and Promotes the Regenerative Axonal Fusion Capacity of the Neuron
Authors: Linton Casey , Riyadh M. Asrafuzzaman , Ho Xue Yan , Neumann Brent , Giordano-Santini Rosina , Hilliard Massimo A. 
Published: February 2019

Following a transection injury to the axon, neurons from a number of species have the ability to undergo spontaneous repair via fusion of the two separated axonal fragments. In the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, this highly efficient regenerative axonal fusion is mediated by epithelial fusion failure-1 (EFF-1), a fusogenic protein that functions at the membrane to merge the two axonal fragments. Identifying modulators of axonal fusion and EFF-1 is an important step toward a better understanding of this repair process. Here, we present evidence that the small GTPase RAB-5 acts to inhibit axonal fusion, a function achieved via endocytosis of EFF-1 within the injured neuron. Therefore, we find that perturbing RAB-5 activity is sufficient to restore axonal fusion in mutant animals with decreased axonal fusion capacity. This is accompanied by enhanced membranous localization of EFF-1 and the production of extracellular EFF-1-containing vesicles. These findings identify RAB-5 as a novel regulator of axonal fusion inC. eleganshermaphrodites and the first regulator of EFF-1 in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeripheral and central nerve injuries cause life-long disabilities due to the fact that repair rarely leads to reinnervation of the target tissue. In the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, axonal regeneration can proceed through axonal fusion, whereby a regrowing axon reconnects and fuses with its own separated distal fragment, restoring the original axonal tract. We have characterized axonal fusion and established that the fusogen epithelial fusion failure-1 (EFF-1) is a key element for fusing the two separated axonal fragments back together. Here, we show that the small GTPase RAB-5 is a key cell-intrinsic regulator of the fusogen EFF-1 and can in turn regulate axonal fusion. Our findings expand the possibility for this process to be controlled and exploited to facilitate axonal repair in medical applications.
Dopaminergic Mechanisms Underlying Normal Variation in Trait Anxiety
Authors: Berry Anne S. , White Robert L. , Furman Daniella J. , Naskolnakorn Jenna R. , Shah Vyoma D. , D'Esposito Mark , Jagust William J. 
Published: February 2019

Trait anxiety has been associated with altered activity within corticolimbic pathways connecting the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which receive rich dopaminergic input. Though the popular culture uses the term “chemical imbalance” to describe the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, we know little about how individual differences in human dopamine neurochemistry are related to variation in anxiety and activity within corticolimbic circuits. We addressed this issue by examining interindividual variability in dopamine release at rest using [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET), functional connectivity between amygdala and rACC using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and trait anxiety measures in healthy adult male and female humans. To measure endogenous dopamine release, we collected two [11C]raclopride PET scans per participant. We contrasted baseline [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding and D2/3 receptor binding following oral methylphenidate administration. Methylphenidate blocks the dopamine transporter, which increases extracellular dopamine and leads to reduced [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding via competitive displacement. We found that individuals with higher dopamine release in the amygdala and rACC self-reported lower trait anxiety. Lower trait anxiety was also associated with reduced rACC–amygdala functional connectivity at baseline. Further, functional connectivity showed a modest negative relationship with dopamine release such that reduced rACC–amygdala functional connectivity was accompanied by higher levels of dopamine release in these regions. Together, these findings contribute to hypodopaminergic models of anxiety and support the utility of combining fMRI and PET measures of neurochemical function to advance our understanding of basic affective processes in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is common wisdom that individuals vary in their baseline levels of anxiety. We all have a friend or colleague we know to be more “tightly wound” than others, or, perhaps, we are the ones marveling at others' ability to “just go with the flow.” Although such observations about individual differences within nonclinical populations are commonplace, the neural mechanisms underlying normal variation in trait anxiety have not been established. Using multimodal brain imaging in humans, this study takes initial steps in linking intrinsic measures of neuromodulator release and functional connectivity within regions implicated in anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that in healthy adults, higher levels of trait anxiety may arise, at least in part, from reduced dopamine neurotransmission.
Bifocal germinoma in a patient with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Ventura Mara , Gomes Leonor , Rosmaninho-Salgado Joana , Barros Luísa , Paiva Isabel , Melo Miguel , Oliveira Diana , Carrilho Francisco 
Published: February 2019

Summary
Intracranial germinomas are rare tumors affecting mostly patients at young age. Therefore, molecular data on its etiopathogenesis are scarce. We present a clinical case of a male patient of 25 years with an intracranial germinoma and a 16p11.2 microdeletion. His initial complaints were related to obesity, loss of facial hair and polydipsia. He also had a history of social-interaction difficulties during childhood. His blood tests were consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency, and he had been previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism. He also presented with polyuria and polydipsia and the water deprivation test confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. His sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed two lesions: one located in the pineal gland and other in the suprasellar region, both with characteristics suggestive of germinoma. Chromosomal microarray analysis was performed due to the association of obesity with social disability, and the result identified a 604 kb 16p11.2 microdeletion. The surgical biopsy confirmed the histological diagnosis of a germinoma. Pharmacological treatment with testosterone, hydrocortisone and desmopressin was started, and the patient underwent radiotherapy (40 Gy divided in 25 fractions). Three months after radiotherapy, a significant decrease in suprasellar and pineal lesions without improvement in pituitary hormonal deficiencies was observed. The patient is currently under follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first germinoma in a patient with a 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, raising the question about the impact of this genetic alteration on tumorigenesis and highlighting the need of molecular analysis of germ cell tumors as only little is known about their genetic background.

Learning points:

Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNSGTs) are rare intracranial tumors that affect mainly young male patients. They are typically located in the pineal and suprasellar regions and patients frequently present with symptoms of hypopituitarism.

The molecular pathology of CNSGTs is unknown, but it has been associated with gain of function of the KIT gene, isochromosome 12p amplification and a low DNA methylation.

Germinoma is a radiosensitive tumor whose diagnosis depends on imaging, tumor marker detection, surgical biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid cytology.

16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome is phenotypically characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders.

Seminoma, cholesteatoma, desmoid tumor, leiomyoma and Wilms tumor have been described in a few patients with 16p11.2 deletion.

Bifocal germinoma was identified in this patient with a 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome, which represents a putative new association not previously reported in the literature.
RNAi Screen inTriboliumReveals Involvement of F-BAR Proteins in Myoblast Fusion and Visceral Muscle Morphogenesis in Insects
Authors: Schultheis Dorothea , Schwirz Jonas , Frasch Manfred 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn a large-scale RNAi screen in Tribolium castaneum for genes with knock-down phenotypes in the larval somatic musculature, one recurring phenotype was the appearance of larval muscle fibers that were significantly thinner than those in control animals. Several of the genes producing this knock-down phenotype corresponded to orthologs of Drosophila genes that are known to participate in myoblast fusion, particularly via their effects on actin polymerization. A new gene previously not implicated in myoblast fusion but displaying a similar thin-muscle knock-down phenotype was the Tribolium ortholog of Nostrin, which encodes an F-BAR and SH3 domain protein. Our genetic studies of Nostrin and Cip4, a gene encoding a structurally related protein, in Drosophila show that the encoded F-BAR proteins jointly contribute to efficient myoblast fusion during larval muscle development. Together with the F-Bar protein Syndapin they are also required for normal embryonic midgut morphogenesis. In addition, Cip4 is required together with Nostrin during the profound remodeling of the midgut visceral musculature during metamorphosis. We propose that these F-Bar proteins help govern proper morphogenesis particularly of the longitudinal midgut muscles during metamorphosis.
On the associativity property of MPF over M16
Authors: Mihalkovich Aleksejus 
Published: February 2019

The objective of this paper is to find suitable non-commuting algebraic structure to be used as a platform structure in the so-called matrix power function (MPF). We think it is non-trivial and interesting problem could be useful for candidate one-way function (OWF) construction with application in cryptography. Since the cornerstone of OWF construction using non-commuting algebraic structures is the satisfiability of certain associativity conditions, we consider one of the possible choices, i.e. the group M16, explore its basic properties and construct templates to use in our future work.
Infant Regulation and Child Mental Health Concerns: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cook Fallon , Giallo Rebecca , Hiscock Harriet , Mensah Fiona , Sanchez Katherine , Reilly Sheena 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To examine profiles of infant regulatory behaviors and associated family characteristics in a community sample of 12-month-old infants and mental health difficulties at 5 and 11 years of age.

METHODS:
Items relating to demographic characteristics, maternal distress, and infant regulation were completed by 1759 mothers when their infants were 8 to 12 months old. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was completed by mothers at child ages 5 (n = 1002) and 11 (n = 871) years.

RESULTS:
Analyses revealed 5 profiles ranging from the most settled infants (36.8%) to those with mainly sleep problems (25.4%), isolated mild-to-moderate tantrums (21.3%), complex regulatory difficulties (13.2%), and complex and severe regulatory difficulties (3.4%). Compared with those in the settled profile, children in the moderately unsettled profile were more likely to score in the clinical range for total difficulties at 11 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28 to 6.36; P &lt; .01), and children in the severely unsettled profile were more likely to score in the clinical range at 5 (OR 9.35; 95% CI: 2.49 to 35.11; P &lt; .01) and 11 years of age (OR 10.37; 95% CI: 3.74 to 28.70; P &lt; .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Infants with multiple moderate-to-severe regulatory problems experience substantially heightened odds of clinically significant mental health concerns during childhood, and these symptoms appear to worsen over time. Clinicians must inquire about the extent, complexity, and severity of infant regulatory problems to identify those in the most urgent need of intervention and support.
Penggalian Motif Ukir Lokal Guna Meningkatkan Kualitas Rumah Ukir Desa Pokaan, Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Hidayatullah Panakajaya 
Published: February 2019

Rumah ukir di Desa Pokaan merupakan rumah produksi seni ukir dan destinasi wisata edukasi yang diinisiasi oleh masyarakat Desa Pokaan. Direalisasi oleh mahasiswa KKN dan telah di-launching pada bulan Agustus 2018. Selain menyelenggarakan wisata edukasi untuk masyarakat, rumah ukir juga aktif memproduksi karya seni ukir yang dijual ke Bali baik dalam jumlah yang besar maupun kecil. Seluruh karyawan yang bekerja di rumah ukir merupakan masyarakat usia produktif di Desa Pokaan. Eksistensi rumah ukir diharapkan dapat menumbuh kembangkan minat masyarakat Desa Pokaan untuk bergerak berwirausaha. Mengingat di Desa Pokaan setidaknya ada dua pengrajin ukir dan beberapa masyarakatnya rata-rata terampil mengukir. Mengembangkan wisata edukasi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membangun kesejahteraan Desa, serta mendukung program pemerintah Kabupaten Situbondo pada tahun kunjungan wisata 2019. Melihat potensi Desa Pokaan yang kaya dengan seni ukir, pada saat launching pemerintah Desa dan Kecamatan berkomitmen bahwa dalam jangka panjang akan mencanangkan (branding) Desa Pokaan sebagai Desa Wisata ‘Sentra Ukir’. Ada beberapa kendala yang terjadi di rumah ukir Desa Pokaan, pertama adalah rumah ukir belum memiliki ciri khas (karakteristik) motif dan pola ukirnya sehingga belum cukup mampu untuk membranding potensi lokal Desanya. Kedua teknologi dan metode penggarapan serta mekanisme manajemennya masih menggunakan cara – cara tradisional. Kegiatan pengabdian ini berfokus untuk mengatasi kedua kendala yang dihadapi oleh rumah ukir Desa Pokaan. Melalui penggalian potensi lokal untuk diaktualisasikan ke dalam bentuk motif dan pola ukir sehingga dapat menjadi ciri khas ukiran lokal, serta melakukan pendampingan dan pengembangan skill dalam hal penerapan teknologi, metode dan manajeman produksi.
Kata Kunci: Pengembagan Kualitas, Motif Lokal, Wisata Edukasi, Rumah Ukir, Pokaan
A mindfulness-based intervention for breast cancer patients with cognitive impairment after chemotherapy: Study protocol of a three–group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gucht Katleen Van der , Ahmadoun Soumaya , Melis Michelle , Gebruers Anneleen , Smeets Ann , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Wildiers Hans , Neven Patrick , Kuppens Peter , Raes Filip , Sunaert Stefan , Deprez Sabine 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Mindfulness has been applied to improve cancer care by enhancing psychological well-being. However, little is known about its impact on cognitive impairment experienced by cancer patients after chemotherapy. Mindfulness may be relevant in tackling cognitive impairment by decreasing emotional distress and fatigue, by decreasing inflammation, and by strengthening functional brain connectivity. The aim of the present study protocol is to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.
Methods: The present study is a three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline, one to three weeks after the intervention and at three months follow-up. One hundred twenty breast cancer patients who ended treatment minimum 6 months and maximum 5 years before and who have cognitive complaints will be enrolled. They will be randomized into one of the following 3 study arms: (1) a mindfulness-based intervention group (n=40), (2) an active control condition based on physical training (n=40), or (3) a treatment as usual (TAU) control group (n=40). Both the mindfulness-based intervention and the active control condition exist of 4 group sessions (3 hours for the mindfulness condition and 2 hours for the physical training) spread over 8 weeks. The primary outcomes will be cognitive complaints as measured by the cognitive failure questionnaire and changes in functional brain connectivity in the attention network. Secondary outcomes will be (1) levels of emotional distress, fatigue, mindfulness, quality of life; (2) neurocognitive tests; (3) structural and functional brain changes using MR imaging, and (4) inflammation.
Discussion: The study will examine the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients. If the findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based program to reduce cognitive impairment, it will be possible to improve quality of life for ex-cancer patients. We will inform health care providers about the potential use of a mindfulness-based intervention as a non-pharmaceutical, low-threshold mental health intervention to improve cognitive impairment after cancer.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03736460. Retrospectively registered on 8th November 2018.
Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Breast cancer, Mindfulness, Randomized controlled trial, Brain imaging.
DST (Digital Storytelling) to Familiarize ‘Stop Bullying’ Cases among Elementary School Aged-Children
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi , Maulida Husna , Nofiyanto Norma 
Published: February 2019

<p>This article discusses about the use of DST as a way to introduce children to the concept of bullying cases among students. As a participatory action research, this research aims to educate students as young learners to aspect of bullying. The term of DST has been increasingly used by scholars to illustrate various forms of support of learning to help young learners learn successfully. Children in the DST creation process enjoyed the stages. It was revelaed that culturally bullying has already being the tradition in some places, children felt strange when they mentioned certain acts as bullying. Through the empowerment of DST project, children are started to be aware that if they do not want to be hurted, hence they mau not hurt any body else.</p><p> </p><p>Tulisan ini mendiskusikan penggunaan DST (Digital Storytelling) sebagai cara untuk memperkenalkan kepada anak tentang kasus-kasus perundungan (bullying) antar siswa. Menggunakan mpdel participatory action research, kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meng-edukasi siswa sebagai pembelajar anak-anak tentang aspek-aspek perundungan. Istilah DST telah banyak digunakan oleh para akademisi untuk memberikan ilustrasi berbagai bentuk bantuan-bantuan belajar untuk siswa sehingga bisa berhasil dalam pembelajaran. Terungkap bahwa intimidasi budaya sudah menjadi tradisi di beberapa tempat, anak-anak merasa aneh ketika mereka menyebut tindakan tertentu sebagai intimidasi. Melalui pemberdayaan proyek DST, anak-anak mulai menyadari bahwa jika mereka tidak ingin dilukai, maka mereka tidak akan melukai orang lain.</p>
REDUKSI NILAI-NILAI NON-TAUHID DALAM KONTRUKSI WAYANG KARAKTER BATARA GURU
Authors: Hidayatullah Ahmad 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>Javanesse traditional shadow puppet (wayang) if we look through the story we can see that it is adapted from Hinduism. It was taken from great epic story. The ara Ramayana and Mahabharata. It does not wonder if we find opposite valuesbeetwen Hinduism and monotheism (tauhid). It was noted by Walisongo at that time. They tried to do some reduction to things that opposite monotheism. They adapted inti Tauhid values so that they can di their mission successfully. In many adapti on, we can take a look into the construction of Batara Guru‟s character. By using description analysis, this article to dig to know how deep Walisongo constructed Batara Guru‟s character to reduct values that opposite tauhid. As a result, the construction idea of Batara Guru -as a representation of Siva- does not hurt anybody. It is all caused by the wisdom and creativity of Walisongo in constructing the character of Batara Guru greatly and smartly.</em></p><p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Kesenian wayang dilihat dari segi cerita merupakan karya adoptif yang berasal dari ajaran Hindu, yakni dua epos besar Ramayana dan Mahabharata. Menjadi tidak mengherankan jika kemudian nilai Hinduisme yang bertentangan dengan nilai tauhid menjadi sesuatu yang begitu diperhatikan oleh Walisongo saat itu. Upaya reduksi terhadap nilai-nilai non-tauhid pada akhirnya dilakukan oleh Walisongo sebagai sebuah penyesuaian terhadap dakwah Islamiah yang mereka lakukan. Satu dari sekian banyak upaya itu terdapat dalam kontruksi penokohan Batara Guru. Menggunakan deskriptif analisis artikel ini mencoba menggali sejauh mana kontruksi terhadap karakter Batara Guru yang dilakukan dalam rangka mereduksi nilai-nilai non-tauhid. Alhasil kontruksi karakter yang sejatinya merupakan representasi dari Dewa Siwa ini dilakukan dengan tanpa melukai siapa pun pada saat itu. Semua itu karena kebijaksanaan dan kreatifitas Walisongo dalam mengkontruksi karakter Batara Guru secara apik dan cerdas.</p>