bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary inclusion of safflower meal on ruminal fermentation, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs
Authors: Buendía-Rodríguez Germán , Vallejo Laura H. , Elghandour Mona M.Y. , Salem Abdelfattah Z.M. , Mlambo Victor 
Published: October 2018

This study examines the effect of including graded levels of safflower meal (SM) [0 (SM0), 150 (SM15), or 200 g kg−1 dry matter (SM20)] in diets of Katahdin–Pelibuey lambs on ruminal fermentation, growth performance, and meat quality. Experimental diets were randomly allocated to 24 lambs (29.25 ± 0.55 kg) in a 60 d feeding trial. On day 30, rumen fluid was collected from each sheep at 0, 3, and 6 h after morning feeding to measure pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were also measured. Feed intake, ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration, dry matter, and crude protein digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Lambs fed on SM15 had higher (P < 0.05) ruminal pH at 3 and 6 h post feeding compared with those on SM0 and SM20. Inclusion of SM increased (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 6 h post feeding; however, daily gain decreased with increasing levels of SM. Diets did not affect (P > 0.05) carcass and meat quality traits. Feeding SM-containing diets resulted in similar feed utilization, carcass characteristics, and meat quality to the control diet while improving ruminal fermentation parameters.
Effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage selected for varying neutral detergent fiber digestibility on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in feedlot heifers fed backgrounding and finishing diets
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Christensen David , Yu Peiqiang , Beattie Aaron D. , McAllister Tim , Damiran Daalkhaijav , McKinnon John J. 
Published: October 2018

Two metabolism studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility using beef heifers fed backgrounding (Study 1) and finishing (Study 2) diets. Both studies were 4 × 4 Latin square designs with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (barley varieties, CDC Cowboy and Xena; levels of inclusion, LOW and HIGH). Barley varieties did not vary in 30 h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and averaged 37.1% ± 1.86% (% of NDF) across varieties. Heifers fed CDC Cowboy had greater (P = 0.05) mean ruminal pH and a lower (P = 0.01) duration under pH 5.8 relative to those fed Xena in Study 1, whereas heifers fed HIGH-silage diets had lower (P = 0.05) duration under ruminal pH 5.8 than those fed LOW-silage diets in Study 2. Variety of barley had minimal impact on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility in heifers fed barley silage, although high NDF content decreased energy intake. High NDF barley varieties and greater inclusion levels also increased ruminal pH which may improve total tract fiber digestibility in heifers fed finishing diets.
Blood-Based Prediction of Tumor Relapse: The cfDNA Forecast
Authors: Siravegna Giulia , Corcoran Ryan B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Summary: Khan and colleagues demonstrate how serial blood-based liquid biopsies integrated with imaging and mathematical modeling can accurately “forecast” the time to treatment failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with EGFR blockade, by early detection of molecular alterations associated with drug resistance in cell-free DNA. Cancer Discov; 8(10); 1213–5. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Khan et al., p. 1270.
Historiography and Negativity in the Paintings of Chaïm Soutine
Authors: Soussloff Catherine M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the theoretical dimensions of the consolidation of identity and formal expression in the historiography of the painter Chaïm Soutine (1893–1943), including the central place of his Jewish identity in it. It contends that the anormative historical archive related to Soutine and the centrality of the expressive object in the criticism on him have obscured his historiographical significance in favor of a synchronic singularity. Portraits of and by Soutine and his contemporaries will be used to offer alternative approaches to the interpretation of the artist and his paintings.
A Hypothesis for the Intensification of Tropical Cyclones under Moderate Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Davis Christopher A. , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A major open issue in tropical meteorology is how and why some tropical cyclones intensify under moderate vertical wind shear. This study tackles that issue by diagnosing physical processes of tropical cyclone intensification in a moderately sheared environment using a 20-member ensemble of idealized simulations. Consistent with previous studies, the ensemble shows that the onset of intensification largely depends on the timing of vortex tilt reduction and symmetrization of precipitation. A new contribution of this work is a process-based analysis following a shear-induced midtropospheric vortex with its associated precipitation. This analysis shows that tilt reduction and symmetrization precede intensification because those processes are associated with a substantial increase in near-surface vertical mass fluxes and equivalent potential temperature. A vorticity budget demonstrates that the increased near-surface vertical mass fluxes aid intensification via near-surface stretching of absolute vorticity and free-tropospheric tilting of horizontal vorticity. Importantly, tilt reduction happens because of a vortex merger process—not because of advective vortex alignment—that yields a single closed circulation over a deep layer. Vortex merger only happens after the midtropospheric vortex reaches upshear left, where the flow configuration favors near-surface vortex stretching, deep updrafts, and a substantial reduction of low-entropy fluxes. These results lead to the hypothesis that intensification under moderate shear happens if and when a “restructuring” process is completed, after which a closed circulation favors persistent vorticity spinup and recirculating warm, moist air parcels.
Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Reading Skills of Children and Adolescents With Dyslexia
Authors: Rios Débora Medeiros , Correia Rios Mino , Bandeira Igor Dórea , Queiros Campbell Fernanda , de Carvalho Vaz Daniel , Lucena Rita 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Rehabilitation techniques have been used to facilitate reading acquisition in dyslexia. However, many individuals continue to present academic impairment throughout life. New intervention strategies are necessary to further help this population. Objectives: Assess the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia. Methods: The study was conducted with one-group pretest–posttest. Participants received 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation during 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Reading performance was measured by a group of tasks (identification and reading of letters, syllables, words, nonwords, and text). Results: A significant increase in the number of correct answers for nonwords and text tasks was observed after transcranial direct current stimulation ( P = .035 and P = .012, respectively). Conclusion: The transcranial direct current stimulation seems to be a promising tool for the treatment of reading problems in dyslexia. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and to establish optimal intervention protocol in this population.
Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Saylor Deanna 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to near-normal life expectancy in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, neurologic complications of HIV remain common; can affect any part of the neuraxis; and are due to direct effects of the virus, immunosuppression because of untreated HIV infection, aberrant immune responses in the setting of ART initiation, and ART toxicities.

RECENT FINDINGS
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains one of the most common neurologic complications of HIV encountered today, but milder forms predominate in people on ART. No specific treatments for HAND exist, but small trials and epidemiologic evidence suggest paroxetine, intranasal insulin, and maraviroc may have utility in its treatment; further trials of these agents are ongoing. Widespread ART use has decreased the incidence of central nervous system opportunistic infections, but prognosis often remains poor in those who develop opportunistic infections. High-titer positive serum cryptococcal antigen is strongly predictive of cryptococcal meningitis and provides a tool to enhance diagnosis in areas with limited resources. HIV is an independent risk factor for stroke, and accelerated aging associated with HIV infection results in neurologic diseases of older age occurring at much younger ages in individuals infected with HIV. Ongoing HIV replication in the CSF despite peripheral virologic suppression may contribute to the development of HAND and may not improve despite adjusting the ART regimen to increase central nervous system penetrance.

SUMMARY
Neurologists are likely to encounter patients infected with HIV in clinical practice. This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of the most common neurologic conditions associated with HIV infection and ART.
Exercise Increases Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cell Cytokine Expression but Not Activation or Homing Markers
Authors: HANSON ERIK D. , DANSON ELI , EVANS WILLIAM S. , WOOD WILLIAM A. , BATTAGLINI CLAUDIO L. , SAKKAL SAMY 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have properties of both the innate and adaptive immune systems but are an understudied population within exercise immunology. These lymphocytes aggregate at the mucous membranes, but it is unknown if submaximal exercise alters their circulating numbers or function.

Purpose
To determine the MAIT cell response to submaximal exercise on activation and homing marker expression and stimulated cytokine production.

Methods
Twenty healthy, young, recreationally active males cycled for 40 min at 86% of VT after an overnight fast. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and labeled to identify specific MAIT cell populations using flow cytometry. Cytokine production after stimulation was also determined.

Results
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells were 2.9% of T cells and increased to 3.9% after exercise and with recovery whereas cell numbers significantly increased by 91.5% after exercise before returning to resting levels. Chemokine and activation marker absolute cell number significantly increased while expression levels remained constant but the high levels of CCR5 may help direct MAIT cells to sites of inflammation. After stimulation, TNFα expression significantly increased after exercise before returning to baseline with a similar trend for IFNγ.

Conclusions
The MAIT cell numbers undergo a partial biphasic response after submaximal exercise and appear to be preferentially mobilized within T cells; however, the magnitude of the submaximal response was attenuated relative to maximal exercise. Stimulated MAIT cells increase TNFα expression, indicating greater responsiveness to pathogens after acute exercise.
Fitness Mediates Activity and Sedentary Patterns Associations with Adiposity in Youth
Authors: SANTOS DIANA A. , MAGALHÃES JOÃO P. , JÚDICE PEDRO B. , CORREIA INÊS R. , MINDERICO CLÁUDIA S. , EKELUND ULF , SARDINHA LUÍS B. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of patterns of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with total fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal FMI (FMIabd) in children, and additionally, to analyze if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mediated these associations.

Methods
Fat mass index and FMIabd were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 333 participants (172 girls) age 9 to 11 yr. MVPA, ST, breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST/ST) and the number of daily sedentary bouts with various lengths (1–4, 5–9, 10–14, and ≥15 min) were assessed with accelerometry and CRF using a maximal cycle test. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS was used for mediation analysis.

Results
The number of shorter sedentary bouts (1–4 min) was inversely associated with FMI (β = −0.108), whereas longer sedentary bouts (5–9 min, β = 0.169; 10–14 min, β = 0.193; ≥15 min, β = 0.377) had a positive association, independent of MVPA (P < 0.05). A similar trend was found for FMIabd. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively related to FMI (β = −0.029) and to FMIabd (β = −0.003). There were no main associations for ST and BST/ST (P > 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to total and abdominal adiposity, and a large portion (40.9–65.7%) of the associations of MVPA and sedentary bouts with both FMI and FMIabd were mediated by CRF.

Conclusions
Time in MVPA and accumulating ST in shorter sedentary bouts is inversely related to adiposity. However, these associations may be mediated by CRF. Emphasis should be given to programs that target increases in MVPA, which may influence CRF while reducing sedentary recreational behaviors.
Validation of the 6-min Walk Test for Predicting Peak V˙O2 in Cancer Survivors
Authors: SCHUMACHER ALEXANDRA N. , SHACKELFORD DANIEL Y. K. , BROWN JESSICA M. , HAYWARD REID 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess the quality of the relationship between V˙O2peak estimated from patient outcomes on the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and the V˙O2peak calculated from patient outcomes on the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute (UNCCRI) treadmill protocol.

Methods
Cancer survivors (N = 187) completed the UNCCRI treadmill protocol and a 6MWT 1 wk apart in randomized order to obtain V˙O2peak. Values from the UNCCRI treadmill protocol were compared against four common 6MWT V˙O2peak prediction equations.

Results
All four 6MWT prediction equations significantly (P < 0.001) underestimated V˙O2peak with predicted values ranging from 8.0 ± 4.1 mL·kg−1·min−1 to 18.6 ± 3.1 mL·kg−1·min−1, whereas the UNCCRI treadmill protocol yielded a significantly higher value of 23.9 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1. A positive strong correlation occurred between estimated V˙O2peak derived from the UNCCRI treadmill protocol and only one of the V˙O2peak values derived from the 6MWT prediction equations (r = 0.81), and all four equations consistently underpredicted V˙O2peak.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the 6MWT is not a valid test for predicting V˙O2peak in the cancer population due to its consistent underestimation of V˙O2peak regardless of the prediction equation. Obtaining an accurate and valid V˙O2peak value is necessary to correctly prescribe an individualized exercise rehabilitation regimen for cancer survivors. It is recommended that clinicians avoid the 6MWT and instead implement treadmill testing to volitional fatigue to quantify V˙O2peak in cancer survivors.
Suicide ideation and stresses among the working
professionals in India
Authors: sode Raghavendra , Chenji Kalaa , Maimdane Laila 
Published: October 2018

Aim of the studyThe current study aims to explore the stresses leading to suicides among working professionals and identify the relationship among the stress factors and suicide ideation.Subject or material and methodsThe sample consisted of 297 Indian working professionals including male (70%) and female (30%) between the age group of 18-55 years. The researcher explored the stresses by conducting in-depth interviews which resulted in identifying four themes using thematic framework analysis.ResultsThemes identified were the social stresses, economic stresses, health and family stresses. The correlation coefficient between the stresses and suicide ideation were positively significant and the logistic regression analysis explained 83% of the variance.DiscussionFurther stresses like psychological and organizational stresses could be explored for future investigation.ConclusionsThe research proves the sources of suicide ideation among working professional and helps to develop possible interventions at different steps to overcome such intentions.
Recognition of major depressive disorder and its
correlates among adult male patients in primary care
Authors: Pal Sutanaya , Oswal Rajat , Vankar Ganpat 
Published: October 2018

Aim of the studyPrimary care is one of the first points of contact for patients with Major Depressive Disorder. However, before these centers can become effective referral points, it is essential to know the prevalence and current rates of detection there. We aimed to determine the prevalence of MDD and its sociodemographic correlates in a Primary Care Center and to evaluate the accuracy of the Primary Care Physicians’ diagnosis.Subject or material and methodsIt is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in a rural primary health care center on adult male attendees. PHQ-9 was used to screen for depression, which was confirmed by a psychiatrist who interviewed and diagnosed the patients using the DSM-5 criteria. Each patient was separately examined by the primary care physician who gave his/her opinion on whether the patient had depression or not.ResultsOut of 335 adult male patients, 22.1 percent screened positive with PHQ-9 and 42 patients (12.5 %) had Major Depression. The primary care physicians diagnosed only 45 percent of cases correctly, missing 55 percent. The correlation between the two PHC Physicians and the psychiatrist’s diagnosis had a Kappa of 0.342 and 0.281, respectively. Significant socio-demographic correlates were self-reported financial stress and life stressors.DiscussionThe prevalence found was consistent with studies done in other countries. The physicians’ diagnosis may have been an overestimation due to Hawthorne effect.ConclusionsThe primary care physician was unable to diagnose a significant fraction of the depression. This emphasizes the need for further training at this level, to catch the disease early and improve referral rates.
Percutaneous cholecystostomy… why, when, what next? A systematic review of past decade
Authors: Elsharif M , Forouzanfar A , Oaikhinan K , Khetan Niraj 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube drainage has played a vital role in management of cholecystitis in patients where surgery is not appropriate. However, management differs from unit to unit and even between different consultants in the same unit. We conducted this systematic review to understand which of these resulted in the best patient outcomes. Methods We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed database for publication between January 2006 to December 2016. Keyword variants of ‘cholecystostomy’ and ‘cholecystitis’ were combined to identify potential relevant papers for inclusion. Findings We identified 46 studies comprising a total of 312,085 patients from 20 different countries. These papers were reviewed, critically appraised and summarised in table format. Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube drainage is an important treatment modality with an excellent safety profile. It has been used successfully both as a definitive procedure and as a bridge to surgery. There continues to be great variation, however, when it comes to the indications, timing and management of these drains. As far as we are aware, this is the only systematic review to cover the past 10 years. It provides a much-needed update, considering all the technological development and new treatment options in laparoscopic surgery and interventional radiology.
Logistic regression model to predict acute uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis
Authors: Eddama MMR , Fragkos KC , Renshaw S , Aldridge M , Bough G , Bonthala L , Wang A , Cohen R 
Published: October 2018

Introduction While patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis may be treated conservatively, those who suffer from complicated appendicitis require surgery. We describe a logistic regression equation to calculate the likelihood of acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute appendicitis. Materials and methods A cohort of 895 patients who underwent appendicectomy were analysed retrospectively. Depending on the final histology, patients were divided into three groups; normal appendix, acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Normal appendix was considered the reference category, while acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis were the nominal categories. Multivariate and univariate regression models were undertaken to detect independent variables with significant odds ratio that can predict acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Subsequently, a logistic regression equation was generated to produce the likelihood acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Results Pathological diagnosis of normal appendix, acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis was identified in 188 (21%), 525 (59%) and 182 patients (20%), respectively. The odds ratio from a univariate analysis to predict complicated appendicitis for age, female gender, log2 white cell count, log2 C-reactive protein and log2 bilirubin were 1.02 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.01, 1.04), 2.37 (95% CI 1.51, 3.70), 9.74 (95% CI 5.41, 17.5), 1.57 (95% CI 1.40, 1.74), 2.08 (95% CI 1.56, 2.76), respectively. For the same variable, similar odds ratios were demonstrated in a multivariate analysis to predict complicated appendicitis and univariate and multivariate analysis to predict acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Conclusions The likelihood of acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis can be calculated by using the reported predictive equations integrated into a web application at www.appendistat.com. This will enable clinicians to determine the probability of appendicitis and the need for urgent surgery in case of complicated appendicitis.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH JENIS BANK: PENERAPAN MODEL REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK BRI CABANG BALIKPAPAN)
Authors: Ghozi Saiful , Ramli Ramli , Setyani Asri 
Published: October 2018

This paper analyze factors that influence customer preference between conventional and sharia bank, and which factor is the most dominant. The study was conducted in Balikpapan city from May 2017 until August 2017. The sample is 25 customers of BRI Sharia and 31 customers of conventional BRI. Statistical analysis model used in this paper is Binary Logistics Regression. There are 8 predictor variables to be analyzed to know their effect to customer decision in choosing bank between sharia bank and conventional bank. The variables are: knowledge of respondents about sharia bank (X1), knowledge of respondents about the difference between conventional and sharia banks (X2), knowledge of respondents about products offered by sharia bank (X3), promotion of sharia bank via printed media (X4), promotion of sharia bank via electronic media (X5), promotion of sharia bank in social activities (X6), the customer's efforts to observe religious orders (X7), and the customer's efforts to avoid the religious prohibitions (X8). The results of individual significance test indicate that knowledge of respondents about sharia bank, and promotion of sharia bank through electronic media has significant effect to the customer’s decision in choosing bank. And the most significant effect is promotion through electronic media (X5). Keywords : binary logistic regression, decision, sharia bank