bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ geochemistry of middle Ordovician dolomites of the upper Mississippi valley
Authors: Callen John Michael , Herrmann Achim D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dolomitization and diagenetic history of Ordovician carbonates of southern Wisconsin is complex. Previous studies attributed dolomitization to various diagenetic factors and environments. In this study, high‐resolution, in situ laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry analysis of rare earth element patterns of dolomite was used to assess the diagenetic fluids responsible for dolomitization of the Ordovician Decorah Formation. Integrated geochemical data and petrographic evidence suggest that the dolostones are formed in two different diagenetic realms: shallow burial and hydrothermal. Shallow burial dolomites exhibit three distinct rare earth element patterns. Dolomite from the middle portion of the Guttenberg Member exhibits light rare earth element enrichment consistent with early burial dolomitization. Dolomites of the Carimona, Specht's Ferry and Lower Guttenberg members are often burrow associated and exhibit medium rare earth element enrichment associated with Fe‐oxide desorption in anoxic porewaters. Leaching of Mg from co‐occurring volcanic ash during alteration is a probable source that contributed to the dolomitization. Extensively dolomitized samples in the upper Guttenberg and Ion Member exhibit evidence of hydrothermal dolomitization. The relationship of these heavily dolomitized samples to interbedded limestones provides evidence for a recently proposed hydrothermal dolomitization model invoking pressure solution of calcite and precipitation of dolomite. These early burial and hydrothermal depositional models are consistent with models proposed for overlying and underlying Ordovician dolostones.
Standardizing the evaluation of community‐based conservation success
Authors: Brichieri‐Colombi Typhenn A. , McPherson Jana M. , Sheppard Donna J. , Mason John J. , Moehrenschlager Axel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCommunity‐based conservation, which strives to simultaneously improve nature conservation and alleviate poverty, must provide biological and socioeconomic benefits that are linked through effective resilience mechanisms. To date, few community‐based conservation initiatives have published comprehensive assessments that track performance in these elements of success. With 45% of the world's protected areas in comanagement with local communities, standardized measures to effectively evaluate the dual goals of community‐based conservation are needed. We here introduce SPECCS, a user‐friendly Standardized Protocol for Evaluating Community Conservation Success that incorporates an appraisal of data quality to responsibly assess progress over time or to compare effectiveness among different initiatives. We illustrate SPECCS's use by evaluating the Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary (WCHS) of northern Ghana 10 and 20 yr after its inception. The WCHS has the dual objective of protecting one of Ghana's few remaining hippopotamus populations while alleviating poverty in the surrounding communities through the creation of economic opportunity and infrastructure development. Results suggest stable project performance in the 10‐yr (76%) and 20‐yr (76%) evaluation, with an improvement in evaluation quality from 30% to 34%. The project is currently stronger in socioeconomic (performance 86%; quality 30%) than biological (60%; 32%) outcomes and in benefits (83%, 42%) than resilience (63%, 21%). Biological resilience is challenged by poor connectivity and limited project control over threats, whereas socioeconomic resilience is affected by a decision balance that continues to favor external stakeholders. SPECCS helps pinpoint strengths and weaknesses for timely adaptive management, strategic investments, and evidence‐based recognition of community‐based conservation successes.
Environment and past land use together predict functional diversity in a temperate forest
Authors: Krishnadas Meghna , Beckman Noelle G. , Zuluaga Juan Carlos Peñagos , Zhu Yan , Whitacre James , Wenzel John W. , Queenborough Simon A. , Comita Liza S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnvironment and human land use both shape forest composition. Abiotic conditions sift tree species from a regional pool via functional traits that influence species’ suitability to the local environment. In addition, human land use can modify species distributions and change functional diversity of forests. However, it is unclear how environment and land use simultaneously shape functional diversity of tree communities. Land‐use legacies are especially prominent in temperate forest landscapes that have been extensively modified by humans in the last few centuries. Across a 900‐ha temperate deciduous forest in the northeastern United States, comprising a mosaic of different‐aged stands due to past human land use, we used four key functional traits—maximum height, rooting depth, wood density, and seed mass—to examine how multiple environmental and land‐use variables influenced species distributions and functional diversity. We sampled ~40,000 trees >8 cm DBH within 485 plots totaling 137 ha. Species within plots were more functionally similar than expected by chance when we estimated functional diversity using all traits together (multi‐trait), and to a lesser degree, with each trait separately. Multi‐trait functional diversity was most strongly correlated with distance from the perennial stream, elevation, slope, and forest age. Environmental and land‐use predictors varied in their correlation with functional diversities of the four individual traits. Landscape‐wide change in abundances of individual species also correlated with both environment and land‐use variables, but magnitudes of trait–environment interactions were generally stronger than trait interactions with land use. These findings can be applied for restoration and assisted regeneration of human‐modified temperate forests by using traits to predict which tree species would establish well in relation to land‐use history, topography, and soil conditions.
Polarization agile self‐oscillating active integrated antenna for spatial modulation wireless communications
Authors: Toyoda Ichihiko , Furukawa Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Eisuke , Tanaka Takayuki , Aikawa Masayoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a new design concept of active integrated array antennas having oscillation and modulation functions for spatial modulation wireless communication systems. Several configurations of the active integrated array antennas are proposed and discussed. The proposed active integrated antennas provide polarization modulated radio waves with a simple structure. A polarization switchable ring‐slot active integrated antenna employing Gunn oscillators is designed and experimentally demonstrated as an example of the proposed concept. The prototype active integrated antenna successfully switched its polarization angle between ±45°. The proposed active integrated antenna concept was found to be feasible.
Local enactments of national health promotion policies: A Danish case
Authors: Wimmelmann Camilla Lawaetz 
Published: September 2018

SummaryGovernments of welfare states are firmly committed to public health, resulting in a substantial number of public health policies. Given the multilevel structure of most welfare systems, the influence of a public health policy is related to its ability to spread geographically and move across organisational levels. Visiting, observing, and interviewing 15 policy workers from 10 municipalities during a 2‐year period, this study investigated what happened to a Danish national health promotion policy as it was put into practice and managed in the Danish municipalities. The analysis reveals that the policy was practiced in at least 5 different ways: as an ideal, a cookbook, a tangible artefact, a creative deconstruction, and a mapping. The various practices each enacted a different version of this policy, and some of these enactments brought unintended but valuable effects. Without recognising the concrete enactments and their locally experienced effects, our understanding of national public health policies risks becoming detached from praxis and unproductive. Public health policy makers must pay methodological and analytical attention to the policies' multimodality and their concrete locally experienced effects.
Physicochemical and biological properties of novel chlorhexidine‐loaded nanotube‐modified dentin adhesive
Authors: Feitosa Sabrina A. , Palasuk Jadesada , Geraldeli Saulo , Windsor Lester Jack , Bottino Marco C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA commercially available three‐step (etch‐and‐rinse) adhesive was modified by adding chlorhexidine (CHX)‐loaded nanotubes (Halloysite®, HNT) at two concentrations (CHX10% and CHX20%). The experimental groups were: SBMP (unmodified adhesive, control), HNT (SBMP modified with HNT), CHX10 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX10%), and CHX20 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX20%). Changes in the degree of conversion (DC%), Knoop hardness (KHN), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and anti‐matrix metalloproteinase [MMP‐1] activity (collagenase‐I) were evaluated. In regards to DC%, two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test revealed that only the factor “adhesive” was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in DC% when 20 s light‐curing was used (p > 0.05). For Knoop microhardness, one‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test showed statistically significant differences when comparing HNT (20.82 ± 1.65) and CHX20% (21.71 ± 2.83) with the SBMP and CHX10% groups. All adhesives presented similar WS and cytocompatibility. The CHX‐loaded nanotube‐modified adhesive released enough CHX to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and L. casei. Adhesive eluates were not able to effectively inhibit MMP‐1 activity. The evaluation of higher CHX concentrations might be necessary to provide an effective and predictable MMP inhibition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 868–875, 2019.
Simultaneous transcriptome and proteome analysis of EA.hy926 cells under stress conditions induced by nanomaterials
Authors: Komorowski Piotr , Siatkowska Małgorzata , Wasiak Tomasz , Działoszyńska Katarzyna , Kotarba Sylwia , Kądzioła Kinga , Bartoszek Nina , Sokołowska Paulina , Elgalal Marcin , Sobol‐Pacyniak Anna , Makowski Krzysztof , Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractToday, the extensive and constantly growing number of applications in the field of nanotechnology poses a lot of questions about the potential toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) toward cells of different origins. In our work we employed the tools of molecular biology to evaluate changes that occur in human endothelial cells at the transcriptomic and proteomic level, following 24 h of exposure to three different classes of NMs. Using microarray technology, we demonstrated that 24 h of exposure to silver nanoparticles (SNPs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAMs) leads to changes in 299, 1271, and 431 genes, respectively, influencing specific molecular pathways. The 2D‐DIGE and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins were involved in numerous cellular processes, for example, cytoskeletal reorganization, cell growth and proliferation, or response to stress. Both, transcriptome and proteome alterations indicate reorganization of mechanism regulating cell functioning. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1024–1034, 2019.
Sol–gel bioglasses in dental and periodontal regeneration: A systematic review
Authors: Farano Vincenzo , Maurin Jean‐Christophe , Attik Nina , Jackson Phil , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Gritsch Kerstin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDue to their osteoconductive and osteoinductive abilities, bioglasses (BGs) have attracted attention in tissue engineering, especially for mineralized tissue. The aim of this study is to review the current state of the art on the effects of BGs produced by sol–gel on cells for dental and periodontal regeneration. The study also discusses associated antibacterial properties. The research was performed by considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research ranged 5 years' window time (from January, 01, 2012, to August, 31, 2017) and the relevant studies were identified based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 45 articles were selected from 244 initial returns, plus seven further articles coming from other sources were selected for the same purpose. From this systematic study, it is revealed that only 13 of the 52 articles have proved both the ability of BGs to differentiate dental cells at genetic level and their ability of triggering cell‐mediated mineralization, but only six of them showed, along with cells, the antibacterial properties of the glasses. This review shows that sol–gel BGs are not toxic, can sustain cell proliferation and differentiation at a genetic level, and can keep the bacterial population under control. Moreover, a standard methodology and an ideal material are suggested. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1210–1227, 2019.
Hydrolyzed corn stover as a promising feedstock for 2‐phenylethanol production by nonconventional yeast
Authors: Mierzejewska Jolanta , Dąbkowska Katarzyna , Chreptowicz Karolina , Sokołowska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant biomass rich in lignocelluloses may be applicable for the production of highly valuable bioproducts. In this study, the use of hydrolyzed corn stover as a carbon source for yeast producing 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) is investigated. 2‐PE is an alcohol with a rosy scent, commonly used in the food and cosmetic industries as an aroma and preservative. The growing demand for this compound motivates the development of new methods of production.RESULTSThe corn stover biomass was first pretreated with an alkaline solution of H2O2 and secondly hydrolysed with a cellulolytic enzyme cocktail to cause the saccharification of polycarbohydrates and the release of fermentable monosugars. This resulted in saccharification yields of up to 88.1 ± 7.6% and 92.5 ± 9.1% related to cellulose (glucan) and hemicellulose (arabinoxylan) content, respectively. Next, the obtained hydrolyzates were used as a feedstock for 2‐PE production by two nonconventional yeasts, Metschnikowia chrysoperlae WUT25 and Pichia fermentans WUT36. The highest 2‐PE titer of 3.67 g L−1 was attained with the WUT36 strain. Finally, 2‐PE was extracted from the fermentation broth with ethyl acetate (100% recovery) and purified by distillation to 97.27 ± 0.08%.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report demonstrating the promising and complete route of 2‐PE production by yeast in a medium based on the hydrolyzate of corn stover. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of retroflexion in the right colon after repeated forward‐view examinations
Authors: Miyamoto Hideaki , Naoe Hideaki , Oda Yasushi , Shono Takashi , Narita Rei , Oyama Shinichiro , Hashigo Syunpei , Okuda Ayako , Hasuda Kiwamu , Tanaka Motohiko , Sakurai Kouichi , Murakami Yoshitaka , Sasaki Yutaka 
Published: September 2018

Background and AimRight colon polyps can especially be overlooked when they are located on the backs of haustral folds. Previous studies have reported that repeated forward‐view examinations in the right colon were effective in reducing adenoma miss rates. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of retroflexion in the right colon after repeated forward‐view examinations.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted at three institutions in Kumamoto, Japan, between February 2014 and December 2015. Subjects who were over 40 years old and scheduled for colonoscopy were recruited. For the forward view, after cecal intubation, the colonoscope was withdrawn to the hepatic flexure. The colonoscope was sequentially reinserted to the cecum and then withdrawn to the hepatic flexure. For the retroflexion view (RV), the colonoscope was reinserted to the cecum, retroflexed, and then withdrawn to the hepatic flexure. All polyps were resected at the time of detection. The primary outcome of this study was the adenoma miss rate for the repeated forward‐view examinations.ResultsOf the 777 enrolled participants, retroflexion was successful in 730 (94.0%). The repeated forward‐view withdrawal technique detected 291 adenomas, while the third withdrawal in the RV detected 53. The adenoma miss rate for the repeated forward‐view withdrawal was 15.4%. No severe adverse events occurred during retroflexion.ConclusionBecause adenomas located on potential blind spots can be missed when only using forward‐view examinations, retroflexion in the right colon after repeated forward‐view examinations might improve colonoscopy detection rates.
Insights into guidewire related complication during HotBalloon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: What should we know?
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinori , Sohara Hiroshi , Ihara Minoru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA 78‐year‐old woman with drug‐resistant persistent atrial fibrillation was referred for catheter ablation by HotBalloon. All pulmonary veins were successfully ablated by the HotBalloon. During the additional roof ablation by the HotBalloon, sudden hemoptysis developed. It was observed that a guidewire advanced far distal to the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) branch. The pulmonary vein angiography demonstrated LSPV branch injury. After activated clotting time control, the hemoptysis disappeared spontaneously. The patient was discharged 6 days after the procedure without any sequela.
Does Scope of Attention Affect Creativity? Testing the Attentional Priming Hypothesis
Authors: Liu Sisi , Peng Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCreativity is linked to broad scope of attention, a state or trait that allocates attentional resources over a wide range of perceptual stimuli. According to the attentional priming hypothesis, a mechanism underlying the creativity–attention link is that broad perceptual attention scope primes broad conceptual attention scope—the activation of a wide range of memory contents—which therefore facilitates creative ideation. This study aimed to test the hypothesis in three experiments using three manipulations and two creativity tasks. Experiment 1 used the Navon letter task to prime attention to global patterns or local details of composite stimuli and measured creativity via the task to generate alternative uses of daily objects. Experiment 2 modified a cue‐size procedure in which participants repeatedly attended to large or small visual cues before a target stimulus appeared. Experiment 3 devised a manipulation that required participants to view and visualize images associated with broad or narrow attention and adopted the alternative uses task and the task to invent alien creatures. Across the experiments, although the results were in the predicted direction, they were non‐significant. This study found no evidence that broadness of perceptual attention affects creativity.
Gamma irradiation of clove: level of trapped radicals and effects on bioactive composition
Authors: Gaspar Elvira M , Santana José C , Santos Pedro MP , Telo João P , Vieira Abel JSC 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood irradiation is a widely used technique for improving the safety and shelf life of foods, including most spices. However, growing concerns by consumers about this technique require further investigation on the effects of radiation, both on the safety of the food and on its organoleptic properties. In this work, cloves of diverse origins were submitted to different irradiation doses in a 60Co source. The presence of trapped radicals and their time‐dependent decay after irradiation were assessed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The volatile bioactive composition and the clove oil were evaluated before and after irradiation by gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.RESULTSResults show an increase of the amount of volatiles collected after irradiation, especially of caryophyllene oxide and acetic acid, although these are still minor constituents. No new compound was detected after irradiation. Radicals decay fast, and 60 days after irradiation they were undetectable by ESR.CONCLUSIONGamma irradiation showed to be a clean technique for clove decontamination, since no significant change in the aroma or oil compositions was found, and low levels of trapped paramagnetic species, after the initial decay period, were detected upon irradiation. Furthermore, irradiation doses higher than those legally allowed are equally safe. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Land management alters traditional nutritional benefits of migration for elk
Authors: Barker Kristin J. , Mitchell Michael S. , Proffitt Kelly M. , DeVoe Jesse D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTUngulates typically migrate to maximize nutritional intake when forage varies seasonally. In western North America, however, increasing numbers of ungulates reside on low‐elevation winter range year‐round rather than migrating. These residents often occupy irrigated agricultural areas, but it is not known whether the nutrition provided by agricultural land exceeds that gained by migration. We evaluated the nutrition available to a partially migratory population of elk (Cervus canadensis) in west‐central Montana where some individuals summered on low‐elevation agricultural lands, whereas others summered on traditional higher‐elevation ranges. We sampled elk forage plants from ground plots and adult female elk movements from global positioning system (GPS) collar locations during late summer for 2 years. We tested for differences in the nutrition provided by 11 vegetative communities commonly available to elk in the Rocky Mountains and the nutrition available in areas used by individuals whose behaviors ranged from residency to migration. We found the nutrition available to elk decreased along the continuum from resident to migratory behavior, contrary to our hypothesis that all behaviors would provide access to equivalent forage quality. The relatively small summer home ranges of migrants suggest other factors (e.g., decreased competition) may compensate for their lower nutritional value, because the size of a home range is often inversely related to its fitness benefits. We found irrigated agriculture provided the highest forage quality in low elevations, but recently burned (1–6 yr prior) dry forests at higher elevations provided forage quality approximately equivalent to that of irrigated agriculture. Excluding elk from irrigated agricultural areas should therefore reduce nutritional incentives for elk to reside at low elevations year‐round. Additionally, fire in higher‐elevation dry forests may temporarily increase forage quality for elk and improve nutritional benefits of migratory behavior. Our results indicate land management practices can affect nutritionally mediated fitness benefits of differing behaviors in partially migratory populations of ungulates. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.