bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel thin‐film nanocomposite membrane with water‐soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene for the separation of Mg2+/Li+ aqueous solution
Authors: Shen Qian , Xu Sun‐Jie , Xu Zhen‐Liang , Zhang Hai‐Zhen , Dong Zhe‐Qin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the prosperity of membrane technology, the separation efficiency for Mg2+/Li+ mixture is still far from satisfactory. Herein, a novel thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane was developed by loading polyhydroxylated fullerene (PHF) via interfacial polymerization. The effects of the PHF dosages on the as‐developed membranes were investigated comprehensively by XPS, SEM, AFM, contact angle measurements, as well as nanofiltration tests. The results revealed the TFN membrane containing 0.01% (w/v) PHF exhibited the optimum performances. The membrane showed a pure water flux of 6.7 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and salt rejections with the order of Na2SO4 (95.6%) > MgSO4 (93.6%) > MgCl2 (89.9%) > NaCl (22.6%) > LiCl (16.3%). The membrane not only presented a separation factor of 13.1 in separating Mg2+/Li+ mixtures, but also demonstrated excellent antifouling ability, which enables membrane regeneration without operation break, suggesting its great potentials in the recovery of Li+ from brine or seawater. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48029.
Facile and efficient isocyanate microencapsulation via SDBS/PVP synergetic emulsion
Authors: Lu Wei , Meng Qingwei , Qin Chuanrui , Li Jinliang , Qi Guansheng , Kong Biao , He Zhenglong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA binary emulsion system via combination of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was employed to prepare microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate. The effect of different concentrations of SDBS and PVP on the size and distribution of capsules was investigated. The results showed that uniform and size‐controllable capsules were synthesized by synergistic function of SDBS and PVP. Characteristics of capsule were studied by optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and 1H NMR. The results revealed that the core content and yield of the spherical capsules were approximately 65.7 and 79 wt %, respectively, at the capsule diameter of ~115 μm. The residue core content of microcapsules was approximately 44.7 wt % after immersion in water for 10 days. And its self‐healing epoxy coatings showed excellent corrosion resistance performance after accelerated corrosion tests. These results exhibited the feasibility and great application prospect of the multiemulsifiers system in the microcapsule synthesis process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48045.
Amphiphilic PVDF‐g‐PDMAPMA ultrafiltration membrane with enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling properties
Authors: Liu Lu , Huang Lukuan , Shi Manli , Li Weixing , Xing Weihong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIt is easy to adsorb the pollutants from water owning to the hydrophobicity of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. To improve the hydrophilicity of the PVDF UF membrane, a novel amphiphilic copolymer PVDF‐g‐poly‐N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)methacrylamide] (PDMAPMA) was developed. The amphiphilic PVDF‐g‐PDMAPMA was synthesized with PVDF and N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)methacrylamide (DMAPMA) via free‐radical polymerization, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure morphologies and elementals of the blend PVDF membranes, respectively. The pure water flux (PWF), molecular weight cutoff, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution filtration experiments were tested to evaluate the permeation performance and antifouling properties of the membranes. The experimental results showed that the PWF was 263.1 L m−2 h−1, BSA rejection rate was 98.1% and flux recovery rate was 95.1% of the prepared blend membrane which had obvious improvement compared with the pristine PVDF membrane (17.3 L m−2 h−1, 91.0, and 83.8%, respectively). The antibacterial activity test showed the prepared blend membrane had good potency against microorganisms. A novel hydrophilic PVDF membrane with good antibacterial properties was developed and would be promising for wastewater treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48049.
Assessment at an Urban Community College: From Resistance to Discovery
Authors: LaManna Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter affirms the increasing value of outcomes assessment at one of many institutions where once it was mostly ignored, how the knowledge afforded by increased use of assessment functions as a precursor to change, and how the faculty and staff work of program and outcomes assessment—discussions, decisions, preparations, actions, revisions—helps maintain an evolving, dynamic approach to educating community college students.
Effect of extruded mung bean flour on dough rheology and quality of Chinese noodles
Authors: Zhang Hua , Meng Yuejiao , Liu Xingli , Guan Xiao , Huang Kai , Li Sen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesModified properties of mung bean flour could be obtained by extrusion, which could improve the properties of extruded mung bean–wheat composite dough and noodles. This study was designed to investigate the effect of extruded mung bean flour (EMF) on the dough rheological properties and noodle quality.FindingsPasting viscosity, development time, and stability of the composite flour decreased gradually with the increased levels of EMF, while the water absorption, softening, and pasting temperature increased with the increased EMF content. Compared with the wheat noodles, noodles prepared from flour blends of EMF with wheat flour (WF) showed lower water absorption of dry matter, higher cooked breaking rate, and cooking loss. Increasing the level of EMF incorporated into WF led to a decrease in hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience of composite noodles. In addition, with the increased levels of additional EMF, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and resistant starch (RS) increased, while rapidly digestible starch (RDS) decreased.ConclusionsWhen the content of additional EMF was higher than 25%, the cooked breaking rate and cooking loss of composite noodles exceeded the satisfactory point of industrial standard. Increase of total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and RS and decrease of RDS made the addition of EMF into WF becomes a feasible process in noodle industry.Significance and noveltyBlending WF with a certain amount of EMF resulted in lower setback viscosity and final viscosity was beneficial for noodle making. Furthermore, the decrease of dry matter water absorption, hardness, and chewiness of noodles could have contributions to the eating qualities of noodles.
A rare systemic etiology of heart failure and liver dysfunction
Authors: Lee Christopher , Chau Edward , Patel Sumit , Zhao Diana , Yang Alexander H. , Lee Brian T. , Alexander Jacob , Ostrzega Enrique , Sarte Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSystemic amyloidosis is a rare condition that can manifest with cardiomyopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and renal disease. Diagnosis is often missed and/or delayed due to chronic multi‐system involvement and indeterminate signs and symptoms. Treatment generally involves systemic therapy and autologous stem‐cell transplantation.
Pregnancy‐induced progressive change of prolactin‐secreting macroadenoma with the development of bitemporal hemianopia and severe headache
Authors: Sirilert Sirinart , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Pantasri Tawiwan , Tongsong Theera 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn a difficult case of macroadenoma with progressive change during pregnancy, timely cesarean delivery, avoidance of breastfeeding, and intensive conservative treatment after birth could have satisfactory results, in terms of fetal outcomes, regression of tumor, and resumption of visual activity.
Cooperative Use of Brønsted Acids and Metal Catalysts in Tandem Isomerization Reactions of Olefins
Authors: Kathe Prasad , Fleischer Ivana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDual catalysis constitutes a growing field of the organic synthesis. It is a useful methodology, which allows for a discovery of new and more efficient transformations. This concept article describes tandem reactions, which comprise of an isomerization of the double bond and following transformation, whereby a combination of a homogeneous metal catalyst and Brønsted acid is used. The aim is to highlight the versatility of this catalyst combination.
Well‐Defined Platinum Surfaces for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Rizo Rubén , Pérez‐Rodríguez Sara , García Gonzalo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirect ethanol fuel cells are a promising technology for clean energy production. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is surface sensitive and, hence, the study of single‐crystal electrodes provides fundamental knowledge of the different activity of the metal crystal planes. However, for practical applications, metal nanoparticles dispersed on a porous support are generally used to enhance the efficiency and to reduce the catalyst cost. Although some research has been devoted to the development of shape‐controlled nanoparticles, the finding of an efficient, cost‐effective, and easily scaled‐up catalytic system remains a challenge. Furthermore, the use of a suitable support with a well‐defined nanoarchitecture is essential for the control of the catalyst reactivity. In this Review, a general overview of the performance of single‐crystal electrodes and unsupported/supported shape‐controlled nanoparticles for the EOR is presented, paying special attention to Pt surfaces. Finally, the major challenges and directions for future research are also discussed to guide the design of efficient shape‐controlled catalysts for the EOR.
Advanced Electrochemical Properties of PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.9Ni0.1O5+δ as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Lee Hansol , Gwon Ohhun , Lim Chaehyun , Kim Jeongwon , Galindev Oyunbileg , Kim Guntae 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious simple and layered perovskites have been extensively investigated as promising cathode materials for metal‐air batteries and fuel cells, because of their tunable structural, electronic, and chemical properties. However, the electrocatalytic activity of perovskite oxides towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) must be improved by increasing the slow kinetics and by decreasing the overpotential associated with those reactions. Doping with other transition metals such as Ni, Mn, Fe and Cu represents one of the effective chemical methods to improve the catalytic activity of perovskite oxides. Herein, we investigate Ni‐doped cobalt‐based double perovskites, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2‐xNixO5+δ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), as promising cathode materials for rechargeable alkaline Zn‐air batteries. PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.9Ni0.1O5+δ (PBSCN1) shows low Tafel slopes (OER: 83 mV dec−1 and ORR: 67 mV dec−1), favorable onset potentials (OER: 1.513 V vs. RHE at 1 mA cm−2 and ORR: 0.720 V vs. RHE at −1 mA cm−2), and high limiting currents (OER: 25.20 mA cm−2 and ORR: −5.67 mA cm−2). In addition, it shows improved discharge‐charge performances for a full‐cell Zn‐air battery. The enhanced electrochemical properties of PBSCN1 could be achieved by the high concentration of surface oxygen species, and the coexistence of different chemical states of cobalt cations caused by the presence of nickel cations in the lattice. Based on these results, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.9Ni0.1O5+δ could be considered a promising cathode material for Zn‐air battery systems.
Electrochemistry of Iron(II/III)‐N,N'‐ethylene‐bis‐(o‐hydroxyphenylglycine) Complexes in Aqueous Solution Indicates Potential for Use in Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Schröder Philipp , Obendorf Dagmar , Bechtold Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe iron complexes of the two diastereomers of N,N′‐ethylene‐bis‐(o‐hydroxyphenylglycine) (EDDHA), racemic (R,R−S,S) and meso (R,S−S,R) were isolated from commercial Fe‐EDDHA fertilizer. Cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solution in the pH range between 4.0 and 11.5 indicated reversible behaviour at both mercury and glassy carbon electrodes and quasi reversible characteristics at a copper electrode. An E1/2 value of −642 mV (racemic diastereomer) and −615 mV (meso form) vs. Ag/AgCl 1 M NaCl reference electrode was observed at pH 9. In unbuffered solutions the complex of the racemic diastereomer shows almost pH independent redox behaviour over the whole pH range studied. The iron complex of the meso isomer hydrolyses at pH values above 9. Diffusion coefficients of the complex species were determined from the voltammograms for the meso isomer and the racemic form with 5.4 10−6 cm2 s−1 and 5.8 10−6 cm2 s−1 respectively. Bulk electrolysis experiments at pH 9 demonstrated the chemical stability of both the FeII‐ and the FeIII‐form of the complex with racemic EDDHA. Good cycling stability and current efficiency were obtained in subsequent charge/discharge experiments using a carbon felt electrode. The redox properties and the stability of FeII/III‐EDDHA complexes make them interesting candidates for future use as negative redox electrolytes in redox flow batteries (RFB).
Solvoluminescence of Cerium(III) Thiocyanate Complex
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Sayama Shunsuke , Satake Akiharu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA cerium(III) thiocyanate complex shows bright‐blue emission at approximately 450 nm in acetonitrile, the quantum yield of which reaches more than 40 % at 298 K. Non‐coordinating solvents such as acetonitrile give blue emission whereas oxygen‐coordinating and nitrogen‐coordinating solvents afford near UV and green emissions, respectively.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Multifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Iqbal Bushra , Saleem Murtaza , Arshad Salman Noshear , Rashid Jamshaid , Hussain Naveed , Zaheer Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Co/Fe‐MOFs) was achieved by treating stoichiometric amounts of Fe and Co salts with 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (NH2‐BDC). Monometallic Fe (catalyst A) and Co (catalyst F) were also prepared along with mixed‐metal Fe/Co catalysts (B–E) by changing the Fe/Co ratio. For mixed‐metal catalysts (B–E) SEM energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the incorporation of both Fe and Co in the catalysts. However, a spindle‐shaped morphology, typically known for the Fe‐MIL‐88B structure and confirmed by PXRD analysis, was only observed for catalysts A–D. To test the catalytic potential of mixed‐metal MOFs, reduction of nitroarenes was selected as a benchmark reaction. Incorporation of Co enhanced the activity of the catalysts compared with the parent NH2‐BDC‐Fe catalyst. These MOFs were also tested as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the best activity was exhibited by mixed‐metal Fe/Co‐MOF (Fe/Co batch ratio=1). The catalyst provided a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 410 mV overpotential, which is comparable to the benchmark OER catalyst (i.e., RuO2). Moreover, it showed long‐term stability in 1 m KOH. In a third catalytic test, dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride showed high activity (turnover frequency=87 min−1) and hydrogen generation rate (67 L min−1 g−1 catalyst). This is the first example of the synthesis of bimetallic MOFs as multifunctional catalysts particularly for catalytic reduction of nitroarenes and dehydrogenation reactions.
Scattered podosomes and podosomes associated with the sealing zone architecture in cultured osteoclasts revealed by cell shearing, quick freezing, and platinum‐replica electron microscopy
Authors: Akisaka Toshitaka , Yoshida Atsushi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteoclasts (OCs) can adhere to a variety of substrate surfaces by highly dynamic actin‐based cytoskeletal structures termed podosomes. This tight attachment is established by a sealing zone (SZ), which is made of interconnected individual podosomes. Compared with scattered podosomes in various cell types, the architecture of the SZ is still unclear. Especially, ultrastructural studies on the details of the cytoskeletal structure of an OC have been challenging, because the high density of filaments in their podosomes obscure visualization of individual filaments. Therefore, to study this organization in more exact detail, we employed shearing open combined with replica electron microscopy. The present study provides several new details of the podosome and SZ structure, which were previously unrecognized: (a) the SZ consists of recognizable podosomes with a dense actin network of interpodosomal regions characterized by multiple layers of crossing, branching and anastomosing actin filament networks; (b) the Arp2/3 complex is distributed throughout the actin network of podosomes and SZ, indicating that actin polymerization is concentrated at these regions; (c) a close spatial relationship between the podosome and the dorsal membrane; and (d) a network of membranous organelles in close proximity to the podosomes in the SZ. Taken together, the present study reveals that a more complicated interpodosomal actin network among neighboring individual podosomes, which is more complicated than previously thought, appears to form the SZ. Indeed, individual podosomes are not an isolated structural unit from other organelles; and, in turn, their dynamism might affect the surrounding interpodosomal cytoskeletons, membranous organelles, and plasma membrane.
Synthesis and Study of Multifunctional Cyclodextrin–Deferasirox Hybrids
Authors: Gascon Jose Miguel , Oliveri Valentina , McGown Andrew , Kaya Ecem , Chen Yu‐Lin , Austin Carol , Walker Martin , Platt Frances M. , Vecchio Graziella , Spencer John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal dyshomeostasis is central to a number of disorders that result from, inter alia, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and cholesterol dyshomeostasis. In this respect, metal deficiencies are usually readily corrected by treatment with supplements, whereas metal overload can be overcome by the use of metal‐selective chelation therapy. Deferasirox, 4‐[(3Z,5E)‐3,5‐bis(6‐oxo‐1‐cyclohexa‐2,4‐dienylidene)‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐1‐yl]benzoic acid, Exjade, or ICL670, is used clinically to treat hemosiderosis (iron overload), which often results from multiple blood transfusions. Cyclodextrins are cyclic glucose units that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as formulating agents as well as for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules such as in the treatment of Niemann–Pick type C or for hypervitaminosis. We conjugated deferasirox, via an amide coupling reaction, to both 6A‐amino‐6A‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin and 3A‐amino‐3A‐deoxy‐2A(S),3A(S)‐β‐cyclodextrin, at the upper and lower rim, respectively, creating hybrid molecules with dual properties, capable of both metal chelation and cholesterol encapsulation. Our findings emphasize the importance of the conjugation of β‐cyclodextrin with deferasirox to significantly improve the biological properties and to decrease the cytotoxicity of this drug.
Diethoxyacetate Salts as Co‐initiators for Radical Photosensitive Resins: Towards Aromatic Amine‐Free Systems?
Authors: Abdallah Mira , Al Mousawi Assi , Nechab Malek , Hijazi Akram , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiethoxyacetate salts are investigated as new co‐initiators for the free radical polymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates upon visible light exposure, with light emitting diodes (LEDs; 405 nm, 477 nm) being employed for this purpose. Interestingly, the impact of the counter cation on their initiating ability is clearly highlighted. When these co‐initiators are combined with commercial photoinitiators such as 2‐isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) or camphorquinone (CQ), good to excellent free radical polymerization initiating performances are found and high final reactive function conversions are achieved. In the absence of these co‐initiators, no or poor polymerization occurs, clearly highlighting the importance of these co‐initiators for an efficient process. These systems can be interesting for the replacement of aromatic amines opening the way for amine‐free Type II photoinitiating systems.
Nitride‐Derived Copper Modified with Indium as a Selective and Highly Stable Catalyst for the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Veenstra Florentine L. P. , Martín Antonio J. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe lack of efficient catalysts prevents the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide from contributing to the pressing target of a carbon‐neutral economy. Indium‐modified copper nitride was identified as a stable electrocatalyst selective toward CO. In2O3/Cu3N showed a Faradaic efficiency of 80 % at 0.5 V overpotential for at least 50 h, in stark contrast to the very limited stability of the benchmark In2O3/Cu2O. Microfabricated systems allowed to correlate activity with highly stable interfaces in indium‐modified copper nitride. In contrast, fast diffusion of indium resulted in rapidly evolving interfaces in the case of the system based on oxide‐derived Cu. A metastable nitrogen species observed by spectroscopic means was proposed as the underlying cause leading to the unchanging interfaces. This work reveals the stabilizing properties of nitride‐derived copper toward high‐performance multicomponent catalysts.
Expression of Concern: Trait variation across biological scales shapes community structure and ecosystem function
Authors: Start Denon , Gilbert Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTrait variation underlies our understanding of the patterns and importance of biodiversity, yet we have a poor understanding of how variation at different levels of biological organization structures communities and ecosystems. Here, we use a mesocosm experiment to test for the effects of a larval dragonfly functional trait on community and ecosystem dynamics by creating artificial populations to mirror within‐ and between‐population trait variation observed in our study area. Specifically, we manipulate variation in activity rate, a key functional trait shaping food webs, across three levels of biological organization: within‐populations (differences in trait variation in a population), among‐populations (differences in population mean trait values), and among‐species (species‐level differences of co‐occurring dragonflies). We show that differences in activity rate alter prey communities, trophic cascades, and multiple ecosystem processes. However, trait variation among populations had much larger effects than differences between co‐occurring species or even the presence of a predator, whereas within‐population variation had a relatively minor impact. Interestingly, combined with earlier work in the same system, our study suggests that the relative importance of species vs. individual level differences for ecosystem functioning will depend on the spatial scale considered. Ecological processes, including biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning relationships, cannot be understood without accounting for trait variation across biological scales of organization, including at fine scales.