bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES PROVIDED TO CHILDREN IN YAKUTSK
Authors: Lutskan I. P. , Borisova E. A. , Savvina N. V. , Bravin A. D. , Timofeev L. F. , Konovalov O. E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Population assessment of the quality and effectiveness of medical services, as well as the activities of medical organizations working with the child population in comparison with 2016–2017.Materials and methods. Sociological research in polyclinics of four large health care institutions of Yakutsk of the com­pared groups is carried out: Polyclinic No. 1–100 respondents, City hospital No. 2–60 respondents, City hospital No. 3–80 respondents, medical center of Yakutsk — 100 respondents. The study was conducted in 2016–2017. during the study, 340 respondents were interviewed, including 87% of women and 13% of men (the survey was conducted among parents and other legal representatives of minor patients).Results. The article deals with the issues related to the implementation in the activities of public health institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) quality standards and evaluation of the results of their implementation in terms of pa­tient awareness of the service (availability, openness of information), comfort conditions of service, waiting time for the service, the attitude of staff to patients (courtesy, goodwill), competence of staff and the overall level of satisfaction with the service provided. Despite the fact that more than 60% of respondents are aware of the functioning of the official websites of medical institutions, only 15.8% of respondents used information about the services and how to get them posted on them. At the same time, three-quarters of respondents are aware of the possibility of remote appointment by phone or Internet. However, only 18.6% of them took advantage of these opportunities, and 56% did not resort to them. The greatest criticism is caused by the lack of medical report on the patients’ state of health –60.8% of dissatisfied surveyed parents chose this criterion. More than 40% of complaints are due to the fact that pediatricians have not given recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. More than half of the survived participants (54.5%) at the recent visit to a medical institution, received a medical service on the day of making an appointment. The average waiting time to visit a paediatrician is 76 minutes. Two-thirds of respondents complain about the lack of available sitting chairs. Almost half of the respondents indicate the lack of drinking water in medical institutions, Almost 80% of respondents are generally satisfied with the medical services received in the clinics of Yakutsk. More than 70% of respondents are ready to recom­mend their clinic to friends, acquaintances and colleagues.Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the organizers of health care need to readjust appropriately some management procedures of the organizations, in particular: patients’ attendance by specialists, public relations, personnel management, facilities and resources, in connection with the visitor’s basic rebukes.
Molecular Biological Peculiarities of the Must Cells Secretome of the Lower Limb Skin in Trophic Ulcers of Various Etiologies
Authors: Atyakshin D. A. , Aralova M. V. , Glukhov A. A. 
Published: April 2019

The purposeof this research was to study characteristics of the mast cell (MC) secretome of the skin of the lower extremities in patients with trophic ulcers of various etiologies.Material and methods.The study included patients with venous, arterial and neurotrophic ulcers, as well as patients with the normal skin of the lower extremities. Skin specimens were stained by toluidine blue using histochemical techniques and Romanowsky–Giemsa staining; immunohistochemical protocols were used to detect MC tryptase and chymase, including the technology of multiple immune-labeling. Skin sections were studied using a ZEISS Axio Imager.A2 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany).Results.In the skin of patients with chronic arterial and, especially, venous insufficiency, the number of protease-containing MCs and chymase expression in the skin increased compared with the similar indicators of the skin without pathological changes. Activation of the protease secretory pathways in MCs was manifested by the release of separate tryptase and chymase-positive granules, and by the formation of granule-containing fragments of the cytoplasm. The group of patients with neurotrophic ulcers was characterized by the most expressed growth in the volume of the MC population in the skin with the increase of their size, activity of the secretory pathways and signs of polymorphism. Infiltration of the skin by MC spread into the epidermis with intensive secretion of proteases into the area of tight junctions and the intercellular matrix of the basal and spinous layers.Conclusion.MC specific proteases in chronic ulcers of the lower extremities of various etiologies may be used as an informative marker of inflammatory progression degree in the skin not only for diagnostic purposes and monitoring the effectiveness of the performed therapy but also as a promising target for pharmacological agents.
Morphofunctional Transformations in the Lungs of Rats Under the Long-Term Exposure to Sodium Tetraborate
Authors: Akhaeva A. E. , Umbetov T. Zh. , Egemberdieva R. E. , Shevlyuk N. N. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to identify reactive and adaptive changes in the lungs of rats under the longterm exposure to sodium tetraborate.Material and methods. The study included male rats which were administered sodium tetraborate in dosage of 1/30 LD50, intraperitoneally, daily. The study samples (lung fragments) were selected for histological examination in 7, 14, 21 and 30 days from the beginning of the experiment.Results. Long-term exposure to sodium tetraborate resulted in a complex of destructive changes in the air-conducting and respiratory parts of the lung. Leukocyte infiltration in the connective tissue and epithelium of the bronchial and alveoli wall, focal destruction of the bronchial epithelium and alveoli, growth of the connective tissue in the organ interstitial were observed with underlying edema, stasis of blood corpuscles in capillaries, focal destruction of the capillary wall. The study revealed alveolocyte wall thickening and growth and sclerosing of the connective tissue in the interalveolar spaces; this appears to be the morphological equivalent of the increased thickness of the aero-hematic barrier and deterioration of the gas exchange in the alveoli. The increased proportion of the bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue mainly presented by the lymphoid tissue of the diffuse character and less rarely by the lymphoid follicles was registered in the wall of the medium bronchi.Conclusion. The results have proven the negative impact of sodium tetraborate on lung structures and demonstrated the adaptive capacity of the lungs, their ability to maintain the necessary structural-functional characteristics under the extreme destabilizing factors effect.
Application of the Regression Modeling Method in Assessing Changes and Predicting the Physical Status of the Russian Population
Authors: Timonin A. N. , Burlyaeva E. A. , Nikitin N. S. , Klochkova S. V. , Nikityuk D. B. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to perform regression modeling of the physical status of the Russian population from 1917 to 2017 and to build a prognostic model until 2035.Material and methods. The methodological approach was based on the methods of correlation and regression analysis, namely, on the construction of linear regression models. Data collection was based on the archival historical documents. Statistical data were processed using SPSS and Excel. The significance level was assumed to be 0.05.Results. The basic regression models for each of the studied parameters were formulated in the study. In accordance with the given regression models, the authors made a forecast for all the studied parameters up to 2035.Conclusion. This method can be considered as a promising methodological tool in the study of the dynamic series of relevant parameters in identifying not only the tendency, but also the hidden oscillatory component of the series.
Macro Insights from Interval Pressure Transient Tests: Deriving Key Near-Wellbore Fracture Parameters in a Light Oil Reservoir Offshore Norway
Authors: Freites Alfredo , Corbett Patrick , Geiger Sebastian , Norgard Jens-Petter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Fractures can be first-order controls on fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Understanding the characteristics of fractures such as their aperture, density, distribution, conductivity, connectivity, etc, is key for reservoir engineering and production analysis.
Well testing plays a key role in the the characterisation of fractured reservoirs, especially. New advances in the Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) have enabled the interpretation of production data in a way where the resulting geological scenarios are in better agreement with fracture patterns observed in outcrop analogues.
Traditionally, Drill Stem Test (DST) data have been the primay source of information for well testing. However, we hypothesise that wireline conveyed tools designed for Interval Pressure Transient Testing (IPTT) could yield a more throrough description of the near-wellbore heterogeneities, including fractures.
Hence, we investigate the applicability of IPTT for characterising fractured reservoirs using detailed numerical simulations models with accurate wellbore representation to generate synthetic IPTT responses that can obtained through a next-generation wireline testing tool called SATURN. We particularly focus on cases where fractures are present in the near-wellbore region but do not intersect the wellbore. The study included parameters such as fracture densities and conductivities, distance between fractures and wellbore and the vertical extension of the fractures across geological beds.
The impact of the different fracture scenarios on the pressure transient tests was recorded as characteristic signatures on diagnostic plots (pressure derivative curves). We have called these curves "IPTT-Geotypes"; they can be used to assist the interpretation process of IPTT responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time pressure derivative type curves for IPTT in fractured reservoirs are presented in the literature.
A field example of an IPTT case was analysed using the concept of geological well testing. We integrated the information from petrophysical logs and the IPTT-Geotypes to assist the calibration of a reservoir model developed to represent the geological setting of the tested reservoir interval. The results provided a sound interpretation of the reservoir geology and quantitative estimation of the matrix and fracture parameters.
A Bayesian Approach for Optimizing the Huff-n-Puff Gas Injection Performance in Shale Reservoirs Under Parametric Uncertainty: A Duvernay Shale Example
Authors: Hamdi Hamidreza , Clarkson Christopher R. , Esmail Ali , Costa Sousa Mario 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that Huff-n-Puff (HNP) gas injection has the potential to recover an additional 30-70% oil from multi-fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs. Nonetheless, this technique is very sensitive to production constraints and is impacted by uncertainty related to measurement quality (particularly frequency and resolution), and lack of constraining data. In this paper, a Bayesian workflow is provided to optimize the HNP process under uncertainty using a Duvernay shale well as an example.
Compositional simulations are conducted which incorporate a tuned PVT model and a set of measured cyclic injection/compaction pressure-sensitive permeability data. Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) is used to estimate the posterior distributions of the model uncertain variables by matching the primary production data. The McMC process is accelerated by employing an accurate proxy model (kriging) which is updated using a highly adaptive sampling algorithm. Gaussian Processes are then used to optimize the HNP control variables by maximizing the lower confidence interval (μ-σ) of cumulative oil production (after 10 years) across a fixed ensemble of uncertain variables sampled from posterior distributions.
The uncertain variable space includes several parameters representing reservoir and fracture properties. The posterior distributions for some parameters, such as primary fracture permeability and effective half-length, are narrower, while wider distributions are obtained for other parameters. The results indicate that the impact of uncertain variables on HNP performance is nonlinear. Some uncertain variables (such as molecular diffusion) that do not show strong sensitivity during the primary production strongly impact gas injection HNP performance. The results of optimization under uncertainty confirm that the lower confidence interval of cumulative oil production can be maximized by an injection time of around 1.5 months, a production time of around 2.5 months, and very short soaking times. In addition, a maximum injection rate and a flowing bottomhole pressure around the bubble point are required to ensure maximum incremental recovery. Analysis of the objective function surface highlights some other sets of production constraints with competitive results. Finally, the optimal set of production constraints, in combination with an ensemble of uncertain variables, results in a median HNP cumulative oil production that is 30% greater than that for primary production.
The application of a Bayesian framework for optimizing the HNP performance in a real shale reservoir is introduced for the first time. This work provides practical guidelines for the efficient application of advanced machine learning techniques for optimization under uncertainty, resulting in better decision making.
Five Years of Well Surveillance Pressure and Rate Data Guides Development of Tamar Field, Israel
Authors: Hebert Russell , Levitan Michael , Roberts Bill , Ortega Jesse , Bhatia Upasana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tamar is a high permeability clastic gas reservoir that behaves like a well-connected tank, in many respects. At the same time, it has a significant level of complexity. The reservoir is comprised of three sand intervals, which are separated vertically by shales and broken into a number of fault blocks. While the degree of aquifer support has been an uncertainty, it is believed that the field demonstrates components of both bottom water and edge water drive.
All Tamar wells were equipped with permanent downhole pressure and temperature gauges, and the surveillance of these pressure and rate data over the five-year production history has provided an unusually comprehensive data set. This dataset supports the high-resolution evaluation of well interferences and multi-well analysis.
Investigation of the data on a well-by-well basis using conventional Pressure Transient Analysis techniques provided valuable insights, albeit primarily at the fault block scale. However, extending these investigations to the field scale generated some conflicting interpretations which could not be resolved by traditional PTA and standard reservoir engineering techniques.
Effects of Permeability and Wettability on CO2 Dissolution and Convection at Realistic Saline Reservoir Conditions: A Visualization Study
Authors: Amarasinghe Widuramina , Fjelde Ingebret , Rydland Jan-Aage , Guo Ying 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
When CO2 is injected to aquifers, CO2 will be dissolved into the water phase and react with rock minerals. The CO2 dissolution into the water phase initiated by the diffusion, will increase the density of the water- phase and thereby accelerate convective flow of CO2. The objective of the presented work was to study the effects of permeability and wettability of porous media by visual investigation of mixing of supercritical CO2 (sCO2) with water by convectional flow at realistic reservoir conditions (pressure and temperature). This required construction of a high-pressure transparent 2D-cell that allows visualization of CO2 transport, and development of experimental procedures.
To develop the high-pressure Hele-Shaw 2D-cell, stress/strain calculations and simulations were carried out to select the best building materials for realistic working pressure and temperature and required dimensions to study convection. Porous media was prepared by glass beads of different sizes giving different permeability and wettability. The experiments were carried out at 100 bars and 50 °C using deionized water solution with Bromothymol blue (BTB) as pH indicator.
In the constructed Hele-Shaw 2D-cell, the cell volume was formed by two glass plates separated by an adjustable spacer. The cell thickness was 5.0 mm in the present study. The high-pressure 2D-cell has made it possible to investigate CO2-dissolution and mixing with water at pressures and temperatures realistic for CO2-storage reservoirs.
CO2 mixing and finger development in the water phase without the presence of porous media, was an instantaneous process. The rate for CO2 dissolution and mixing with water was found to increase with increasing permeability for water-wet porous media. The CO2 dissolution pattern was found to depend on the permeability. Fingering of CO2 rich high-density water was observed with the high permeable porous media. Piston-like displacement was observed in lower permeable porous media. No significant effect of wettability was observed in the high-pressure 2D cell experiments. After experiments, it was confirmed that the wettability of the oil-wet particles was changed during the CO2 dissolution experiments.
A Novel Analytical Pressure-Transient-Analysis Approach for Compositional Two-Phase Flow during Gas Injection and Falloff
Authors: Machado Cíntia G. , Rafiee Javad , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the petroleum industry, well testing is a common practice that consists of wellbore pressure, temperature and flow rates data acquisition to estimate parameters that govern the flow in porous media. Injection-falloff testing is particularly important for offshore reservoirs, especially for the oil reserves that contain high carbon dioxide and sulfur content. In this environment, a conventional well test in an exploratory well should not be run in order to avoid discarding high concentrations of these gases to the atmosphere. Therefore, there is a need for developing techniques for analyzing pressure data from injection-falloff tests. In this work, we have developed an approximate semi-analytical solution for wellbore pressure response during gas injection and falloff well tests in reservoirs containing oil and gas with complex composition by applying the Thompson and Reynolds steady-state theory. For the injection period, we first determine the overall concentrations distributions from a system of hyperbolic conservation equations using the method of characteristics (MOC), assuming a one-dimensional homogeneous reservoir with incompressible fluids and constant molar density, and neglecting capillary, gravity effects, volume changing on mixing and diffusion. During the falloff stage, it is assumed that there is no phase nor concentration movement in the reservoir, which is reasonable as we neglect capillary pressure, diffusion, gravity force and fluid compressibilities. Once we have the concentration profiles in the reservoir, we can calculate the total mobility distributions and then integrate the pressure gradient given by Darcy's law to find the wellbore pressure response. The semi-analytical approximate solution obtained was validated against the commercial numerical simulator STARS from CMG. After validation, the developed model was used as a forward model to estimate absolute permeability and skin factor by history matching noisy data obtained from the numerical simulator mentioned.
Enhanced Recovery of Heavy Oil by a Nano-Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading Process
Authors: Elahi Seyed Moein , Ahmadi Khoshooei Milad , Scott Carlos E. , Carbognani Ortega Lante , Chen Zhangxin , Pereira-Almao Pedro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Simultaneous in-reservoir upgrading and recovery of heavy oil are experimentally studied by using a continuous setup filled with carbonate cores. Upgrading reaction products as well as the recovered oil are analyzed in order to investigate the recovery mechanisms associated with this process.
In-situ upgrading technology (ISUT) is based on injection of high molecular weight (low quality) cut of oil, e.g., vacuum residue (VR), together with ultradispersed nano-catalyst and hydrogen. By injecting VR, catalyst, and hydrogen, the catalytic nano-particles deposit in the rock around an injection well, where the upgrading reactions occur. In this study, first, upgrading reactions happen inside a core packed container at the temperature, pressure, and residence time of 360 °C, 10 MPa, and 36 h, respectively. Subsequently, the hot reaction products are directed into another cylinder filled with carbonate cores to displace the heavy oil in place.
There are two main steps in a reservoir during ISUT. First, the injected VR is converted to lighter products during hydroprocessing reactions. Then the upgraded liquid and gaseous products along with hydrogen will displace the heavy oil toward production wells. At the conditions of this experiment in the reactor, 38 wt% of the VR cut is converted to lighter products with 1 wt% gases (mainly H2S and hydrocarbons with 1 to 5 carbon atoms) and 4.8 wt% naphtha cut (hydrocarbons with 5 to 12 carbon atoms). These light products act as solvents in the areas farther from the reaction zone and enhance the recovery of heavy oil. In addition, high temperatures, mechanical push, and rock matrix thermal expansion improve the oil displacement in the carbonate rock.
By enhancing the oil recovery and permanently upgrading heavy oil in one single stage, the need for diluent addition and steam generation is minimized, which makes ISUT economical and environmentally favorable. In an innovative experimental setup, both upgrading and recovery steps in the ISUT process are carefully analyzed.