bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicht-invasive Korrektur angeborener Ohrfehlbildungen mit dem EarWell Infant Ear Correction System: Eine prospektive Studie
Authors: Schratt Johanna , Kuegler Paul , Binter Anja , Rab Matthias 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Ohrmuscheldeformitäten treten bei bis zu 5 % aller Neugeborenen auf. Eine Modellierung des Ohrknorpels ist in den ersten 6 Lebenswochen möglich, da sich bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt mütterliches Östrogen im Kreislauf der Säuglinge befindet. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter können zahlreiche chirurgische Methoden zur Ohrkorrektur angeboten werden. Seit einigen Jahren steht nun das EarWell™ Infant Ear Correction System als modulares System zur Therapie frühkindlicher Ohrfehlbildungen zur Verfügung, welches sich die Formbarkeit des Ohrknorpels in den ersten sechs Lebenswochen zu Nutze macht.Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt 19 Neugeborene wurden in diese prospektive Studie inkludiert. Folgende Ohrmuscheldeformitäten wurden behandelt: Tassenohr, Spock-Ohr, Schlappohr, Stahlohrdeformität, fehlende Helix- oder Anthelixausformung. Die Ergebnisse wurden 2 Jahre nach Anwendung des EarWell™ Systems reevaluiert. Die klinische Beurteilung erfolgte durch 2 unabhängige Untersucher anhand von prä- und postinterventionellen Bildern. Folgende Parameter wurden zusätzlich erhoben: Anwendungsdauer, Komplikationen, Elternzufriedenheit, Vergleich der Kosten des EarWell™ Systems mit den Kosten einer Ohranlegeplastik.Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 32 Ohren bei 19 Neugeborenen mit dem EarWell™ System behandelt. Davon waren 63 % männlich und 37 % weiblich. Mit der Anpassung wurde innerhalb der 1.–3. Lebenswoche begonnen. Die durchschnittliche Anwendungsdauer lag zwischen 12–28 Tagen. Die Komplikationsrate lag bei 1,3 %. Die klinischen Ergebnisse wurden von den Untersuchern wie folgt beurteilt: 23 % sehr zufrieden, 35 % zufriedenstellend, 30 % befriedigend, 3 % weniger zufriedenstellend und 9 % gar nicht zufriedenstellend. 95 % der Eltern würden einer neuerlichen EarWell™ System-Anwendung zustimmen. Die Kosten für das EarWell™ System liegen bei € 660,– und für eine Ohranlegeplastik in Allgemeinnarkose bei € 2826,–.Schlussfolgerung Ohrdeformitäten lassen sich mithilfe des EarWell™ Systems innerhalb der ersten sechs Lebenswochen sehr gut behandeln. Einer Operation im höheren Alter sowie einem sozialen Stress kann somit frühzeitig entgegengewirkt werden. Einen weiteren Vorteil stellen die niedrigen Kosten im Vergleich zur Ohranlegeplastik dar.
Association of the PNPLA2, SCD1 and Leptin Expression with Fat
Distribution in Liver and Adipose Tissue From Obese Subjects
Authors: Cruz-Color Lucía De la , Hernández-Nazará Zamira Helena , Maldonado-González Montserrat , Navarro-Muñíz Eliseo , Domínguez-Rosales José Alfredo , Torres-Baranda José Rodrigo , Ruelas-Cinco Elizabeth del Carmen , Ramírez-Meza Sandra Margarita , Ruíz-Madrigal Bertha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe expansion of adipose tissue is regulated by insulin and leptin
through sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c), up-regulating lipogenesis in tissues by Stearoylcoenzyme
A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme, while adipose triglyceride
lipase (ATGL) enzyme is key in lipolysis. The research
objective was to evaluate the expression of Sterol Regulatory
Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 (SREBF1), SCD1, Patatin
Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 2 (PNPLA2), and leptin
(LEP) genes in hepatic-adipose tissue, and related
them with the increment and distribution of fat depots of individuals
without insulin resistance. Thirty-eight subjects undergoing elective
cholecystectomy with liver and adipose tissue biopsies (subcutaneous-omental)
are included. Tissue gene expression was assessed by qPCR and biochemical
parameters determined. Individuals are classified according to the body mass
index, classified as lean (control group, n=12), overweight
(n=11) and obesity (n=15). Abdominal adiposity was determined
by anthropometric and histopathological study of the liver. Increased
SCD1 expression in omental adipose tissue (p=0.005) and
PNPLA2 in liver (p=0.01) were found in the obesity group.
PNPLA2 decreased expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was
significant in individuals with abdominal adiposity (p=0.017).
Anthropometric parameters positively correlated with liver PNPLA2 and the
expression of liver PNPLA2 with serum leptin. SCD1 increased
levels may represent lipid storage activity in omental adipose tissue. Liver
PNPLA2 increased expression could function as a primary
compensatory event of visceral fat deposits associated to the leptin
hormone related to the increase of adipose tissue.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Postoperative Blood Loss in Distal Femoral Osteotomy
Authors: Steinhaus Michael E. , Buksbaum Joshua , Eisenman Avraham , Kohli Monal , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBlood loss remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in orthopaedic surgery, with transfusions associated with an increased risk of infection, length of stay, delayed rehabilitation, and significantly increased hospitalization costs. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in reducing postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing DFO by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2017, with a change in protocol occurring in 2014, after which all patients received TXA. Patients in the TXA group (n = 24) received 1-g TXA immediately prior to incision followed by a second dose of 1-g TXA 4 hours after the administration of the first dose. Patients in the control group (n = 28) did not receive TXA. Drainage was recorded through a subfascial drain that remained for 24 hours postoperatively. Postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, and transfusions, as well as demographic factors, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), medical comorbidities, and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class, were recorded. Multivariate regression analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables was performed. With the exception of gender, the two groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics, including age, BMI, and ASA class. There was a significant difference in postoperative blood loss, with those receiving TXA having a mean drain output of 184.2 versus 242.1 mL for the control group (p = 0.02), which persisted after regression analysis (p < 0.005). Blood loss differed between patients who received one (250 mL) dose and those who received two (162.2 mL) doses of TXA, although this difference was insignificant (p = 0.489). There were no differences in postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. One patient (control group) required blood transfusion postoperatively. There were no complications related to TXA. In conclusion, TXA results in less postoperative blood loss in DFO, with the most pronounced effect in those who receive two doses. Future research should involve a larger, prospective study to assess for differences in postoperative hemoglobin/hematocrit levels and transfusion rates.
Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability
Authors: Marshall Lindsey N. , Vivien Céline J. , Girardot Fabrice , Péricard Louise , Scerbo Pierluigi , Palmier Karima , Demeneix Barbara A. , Coen Laurent 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceHeart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac regeneration studies currently focus on zebrafish, urodeles, and mammals, bypassing the amphibianXenopus laevis, despite being considered as a leading model for regeneration research. We thus took advantage ofX. laevisas a model to explore thyroid hormone (TH) influence on the cardiac regenerative process. We suggest a possible link between altered TH availability and the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity. Examining heart regeneration inXenopusprovides insight into how TH levels may contribute to the enigmatic loss of cardiac regeneration during vertebrate development, suggesting potential therapeutic leads of major biomedical and fundamental relevance for the development of future regenerative strategies, and ultimately to provide therapies for the human heart.
Examining long-term trends in politics and culture through language of political leaders and cultural institutions
Authors: Jordan Kayla N. , Sterling Joanna , Pennebaker James W. , Boyd Ryan L. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Donald Trump and a small group of emerging leaders around the world have been labeled as outliers in the ways that they think and communicate with others. Are they really anomalies, or do they fit into larger political trends? This study adds to existing scholarship by analyzing two important psychological dimensions, analytic thinking and confidence, in 12 large corpora of political texts representing political leaders of various levels in both the United States and other countries as well as 4 corpora of cultural texts. Rather than being anomalous, linguistic analyses find that, over the last century, there have been consistent declines in analytic thinking and rises in confidence in the ways that political leaders communicate with the public.
From 2D to 3D: Strain- and elongation-free topological transformations of optoelectronic circuits
Authors: Fan Dejiu , Lee Byungjun , Coburn Caleb , Forrest Stephen R. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
We demonstrate a general method to transform planar electronic and optoelectronic devices fabricated by conventional photolithography into a strain-free but topologically different geometry. The method is used to demonstrate hemispherical, retina-like imagers whose pixel spacings are unaffected by the topological transformation. Our approach overcomes the critical limitation of distortion encountered in transforming a planar circuit to a nondevelopable, 3D shape. The process opens up additional possibilities for making a variety of electronic circuits that conform to randomly shaped surfaces, including high resolution, and large field of view imagers that have the shape and form factor of the human eye.
Inhibition of EZH2 prevents fibrosis and restores normal angiogenesis in scleroderma
Authors: Tsou Pei-Suen , Campbell Phillip , Amin M. Asif , Coit Patrick , Miller Shaylynn , Fox David A. , Khanna Dinesh , Sawalha Amr H. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The key epigenetic regulator EZH2 plays a central role in fibrosis and abnormal angiogenesis in scleroderma. EZH2-target genes mediating profibrotic and antiangiogenic effects in scleroderma patients have been identified and characterized. Inhibiting EZH2 by repurposing already-existing EZH2 inhibitors currently being trialed in cancer might provide a therapeutic approach to scleroderma.
Epigenomic analysis reveals DNA motifs regulating histone modifications in human and mouse
Authors: Ngo Vu , Chen Zhao , Zhang Kai , Whitaker John W. , Wang Mengchi , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2019

Significance
How the locus-specific histone modifications are achieved is not fully understood. One of the contributing mechanisms is that DNA binding molecules recognize specific sequences and their binding recruits or stabilizes the histone modification enzyme complexes. Comprehensive identification of such sequence patterns is the first step toward revealing possible regulatory grammar for establishing histone modifications. In this study, we have cataloged the DNA motifs tightly associated with six and eight important histone modifications in human and mouse, respectively. We show that mutating the found motifs at particular loci led to significant reduction of the histone modification levels. These histone-associated motifs, especially H3K4me3 motifs, significantly overlap with expression of quantitative trait loci SNPs in cancer patients more than known motifs, further suggesting their regulatory roles. We also found possible feedback loops mediated by these motifs, implicating their possible roles in histone modification dynamics and epigenetic priming.
Mindfulness training reduces loneliness and increases social contact in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lindsay Emily K. , Young Shinzen , Brown Kirk Warren , Smyth Joshua M. , Creswell J. David 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Loneliness (i.e., feeling alone) and social isolation (i.e., being alone) are among the most robust known risk factors for poor health and accelerated mortality. Yet mitigating these social risk factors is challenging, as few interventions have been effective for both reducing loneliness and increasing social contact. Mindfulness interventions, which train skills in monitoring present-moment experiences with an orientation of acceptance, have shown promise for improving social-relationship processes. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a 2-wk smartphone-based mindfulness training for reducing loneliness and increasing social contact in daily life. Importantly, this study shows that developing an orientation of acceptance toward present-moment experiences is a critical mechanism for mitigating these social risk factors.
Western diet regulates immune status and the response to LPS-driven sepsis independent of diet-associated microbiome
Authors: Napier Brooke A. , Andres-Terre Marta , Massis Liliana M. , Hryckowian Andrew J. , Higginbottom Steven K. , Cumnock Katherine , Casey Kerriann M. , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Lugo Kyler A. , Schneider David S. , Sonnenburg Justin L. , Monack Denise M. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The Western diet (WD) is high in fats and sucrose and low in fiber and is the most prevalent diet in westernized countries. We find that in our model of sepsis, mice fed WD had increased sepsis severity and poorer outcomes. WD-fed mice had higher baseline inflammation, increased sepsis-associated immunoparalysis, and altered neutrophil populations in the blood. The WD-dependent increase in sepsis severity and mortality was independent of the diet-associated microbiome, suggesting that diet may be directly regulating innate immunity. We used our identified disease factors and found WD-fed mice occupy a unique path in sepsis disease progression. Our data provide insight into diet-dependent reprogramming of the immune response and will be important in treating and diagnosing a WD-fed population.
Organism motility in an oxygenated shallow-marine environment 2.1 billion years ago
Authors: El Albani Abderrazak , Mangano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A. , Bengtson Stefan , Riboulleau Armelle , Bekker Andrey , Konhauser Kurt , Lyons Timothy , Rollion-Bard Claire , Bankole Olabode , Lekele Baghekema Stellina Gwenaelle , Meunier Alain , Trentesaux Alain , Mazurier Arnaud , Aubineau Jeremie , Laforest Claude , Fontaine Claude , Recourt Philippe , Chi Fru Ernest , Macchiarelli Roberto , Reynaud Jean Yves , Gauthier-Lafaye François , Canfield Donald E. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The 2.1 billion-year-old sedimentary strata contain exquisitely preserved fossils that provide an ecologic snapshot of the biota inhabiting an oxygenated shallow-marine environment. Most striking are the pyritized string-shaped structures, which suggest that the producer have been a multicellular or syncytial organism able to migrate laterally and vertically to reach for food resources. A modern analogue is the aggregation of amoeboid cells into a migratory slug phase in modern cellular slime molds during time of food starvation. While it remains uncertain whether the amoeboidlike organisms represent a failed experiment or a prelude to subsequent evolutionary innovations, they add to the growing record of comparatively complex life forms that existed more than a billion years before animals emerged in the late Neoproterozoic.
Properly Diluted Fat (PDF): An Easy and Safe Approach to Periocular Fat Grafting
Authors: Pelle-Ceravolo Mario , Angelini Matteo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The main challenge of periocular fat grafting is the risk of contour irregularities, especially in the lower eyelid. Injection of diluted fat can decrease the likelihood of poor contour.

Objectives
The authors developed a simple method of periocular fat grafting in which the fat was harvested through unconventional cannulas and diluted before the injection to avoid the risk of contour irregularities.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients who underwent fat grafting to the periocular region. Lipoaspirate was obtained through a 0.5-mm multiple-hole cannula and then was centrifuged. A solution of 70% fat was prepared (ie, properly diluted fat [PDF]) with saline and infranatant fluid as the diluent. The recipient site was tunnelized with a 1.2-mm cannula, and PDF was transferred utilizing a 1.2-mm cannula containing a single 1-mm hole. Aesthetic improvement was ascertained from pre- and postoperative photographs evaluated by 3 examiners.

Results
A total of 164 (82%) patients received follow-up 6 months postoperatively, and 83 of these patients (41.5%) returned for monitoring 1 year postoperatively. Nearly all patients had improvement in periocular contour, but variable loss of volume was observed by 1 year. Patients who presented initially with scleral show often had noticeable improvement. At 1 year, only 3 patients experienced contour irregularities comprising soft bulges, similar to fat hernias. Two patients showed fat accumulation after substantial weight gain later than 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions
Preparation and periocular delivery of PDF by the described techniques yield good contour with a low risk of visible masses occurrence.

Level of Evidence: 4
Gag-protease coevolution shapes the outcome of lopinavir-inclusive treatment regimens in chronically infected HIV-1 subtype C patients
Authors: Marie V , Gordon M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Commonly, protease inhibitor failure is characterized by the development of multiple protease resistance mutations (PRMs). While the impact of PRMs on therapy failure are understood, the introduction of Gag mutations with protease remains largely unclear.

Results
Here, we utilized phylogenetic analyses and Bayesian network learning as tools to understand Gag-protease coevolution and elucidate the pathways leading to Lopinavir failure in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients. Our analyses indicate that while PRMs coevolve in response to drug selection pressure within protease, the Gag mutations added to the existing network while specifically interacting with known Lopinavir failure PRMs. Additionally, the selection of mutations at specific positions in Gag-protease suggests that these coevolving mutational changes occurs to maintain structural integrity during Gag cleavage.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Decline in Older, Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Alattar Ali A , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Laughlin Gail A , Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Richard Erin L , Reas Emilie T , Harris Jeffrey P , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , McEvoy Linda K 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Hearing impairment is prevalent among older adults and has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. We evaluated the association of hearing impairment with long-term cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
A population-based longitudinal study of adults not using hearing aids who had hearing acuity and cognitive function assessed in 1992–1996, and were followed for a maximum of 24 years with up to five additional cognitive assessments. Hearing acuity was categorized based on pure-tone average (PTA) thresholds: normal (PTA ≤ 25 dB), mild impairment (PTA &gt; 25–40 dB), moderate/severe impairment (PTA &gt; 40 dB).

Results
Of 1,164 participants (mean age 73.5 years, 64% women), 580 (49.8%) had mild hearing impairment and 196 (16.8%) had moderate/severe hearing impairment. In fully adjusted models, hearing impairment was associated with steeper decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (mild impairment β = −0.04, p = .01; moderate/severe impairment β = −0.08, p = .002) and Trails B (mild impairment β = 1.21, p = .003; moderate/severe impairment β = 2.16, p = .003). Associations did not differ by sex or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 status and were not influenced by social engagement. The MMSE-hearing association was modified by education: mild hearing impairment was associated with steeper decline on the MMSE among participants without college education but not among those with college education. Moderate/severe hearing impairment was associated with steeper MMSE decline regardless of education level.

Conclusions
Hearing impairment is associated with accelerated cognitive decline with age, and should be screened for routinely. Higher education may provide sufficient cognitive reserve to counter effects of mild, but not more severe, hearing impairment.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance in British Columbia, Canada Between 2009 and 2016: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kamelian Kimia , Lepik Katherine J , Chau William , Yip Benita , Zhang Wendy W , Lima Viviane Dias , Robbins Marjorie A , Woods Conan , Olmstead Andrea , Joy Jeffrey B , Barrios Rolando , Harrigan P Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntegrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are highly efficacious and well tolerated antiretrovirals with fewer adverse side-effects relative to other classes of antiretrovirals. The use of INSTIs raltegravir, elvitegravir, and dolutegravir has increased dramatically over recent years. However, there is limited information about the evolution and prevalence of INSTI resistance mutations in clinical human immunodeficiency virus populations.MethodsHuman immunodeficiency virus-1-positive individuals ≥19 years were included if they received ≥1 dispensed prescription of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in British Columbia between 2009 and 2016 (N = 9358). Physician-ordered drug resistance tests were analyzed and protease inhibitor (PI), reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (RT), and INSTI resistance were defined as having ≥1 sample with a combined, cumulative score ≥30 by Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Algorithm version 7.0.1.ResultsAlthough most ART-treated individuals were tested for PI and RT resistance, INSTI resistance testing lagged behind the uptake of INSTIs among INSTI-treated individuals (11% in 2009; 34% in 2016). The prevalence of INSTI resistance was relatively low, but it increased from 1 to 7 per 1000 ART-treated individuals between 2009 and 2016 (P &lt; .0001, R2 = 0.98). Integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations increased at integrase codons 66, 97, 140, 148, 155, and 263.ConclusionsThe prevalence of INSTI resistance remains low compared with PI and RT resistance in ART-treated populations but is expanding with increased INSTI use.