bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical controls on ikaite formation
Authors: Tollefsen Elin , Stockmann Gabrielle , Skelton Alasdair , Mörth Carl-Magnus , Dupraz Christophe , Sturkell Erik 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe hydrated carbonate mineral ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) is thermodynamically unstable at all known conditions on Earth. Regardless, ikaite has been found in marine sediments, as tufa columns and in sea ice. The reason for these occurrences remains unknown. However, cold temperatures (<6°C), high pH and the presence of Mg2+ and SO42– in these settings have been suggested as factors that promote ikaite formation. Here we show that Mg concentration and pH are primary controls of ikaite precipitation at 5°C. In our experiments a sodium carbonate solution was mixed with seawater at a temperature of 5°C and at a constant rate. To test the effect of Mg2+ and SO42– we used synthetic seawater which allowed us to remove these elements from the seawater. The pH was controlled by different ratios of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the carbonate solution. We found that ikaite precipitated when both seawater and synthetic seawater from which SO4 had been removed were used in the experiments. However, ikaite did not precipitate in experiments conducted with synthetic seawater from which Mg had been removed. In these experiments, calcite precipitated instead of ikaite. By varying the Mg concentration of the synthetic seawater and the pH of the sodium carbonate solution, we constructed a kinetic stability diagram for ikaite and calcite as a function of Mg concentration and pH. One possible explanation of our finding is that Mg2+ inhibits calcite nucleation and thereby allows metastable ikaite to form instead.
Transfusion dependence, use of hospice services, and quality of end-of-life care in leukemia
Authors: LeBlanc Thomas W. , Egan Pamela C. , Olszewski Adam J. 
Published: May 2018

Key Points
Transfusion-dependent Medicare patients with leukemia had a 51% shorter duration of hospice stay, indicating a barrier to timely referral. Use of hospice in leukemia has increased and is associated with improved quality measures, regardless of transfusion dependence.
RnaSeqSampleSize: real data based sample size estimation for RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhao Shilin , Li Chung-I , Guo Yan , Sheng Quanhu , Shyr Yu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
One of the most important and often neglected components of a successful RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiment is sample size estimation. A few negative binomial model-based methods have been developed to estimate sample size based on the parameters of a single gene. However, thousands of genes are quantified and tested for differential expression simultaneously in RNA-Seq experiments. Thus, additional issues should be carefully addressed, including the false discovery rate for multiple statistic tests, widely distributed read counts and dispersions for different genes.

Results
To solve these issues, we developed a sample size and power estimation method named RnaSeqSampleSize, based on the distributions of gene average read counts and dispersions estimated from real RNA-seq data. Datasets from previous, similar experiments such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) can be used as a point of reference. Read counts and their dispersions were estimated from the reference’s distribution; using that information, we estimated and summarized the power and sample size. RnaSeqSampleSize is implemented in R language and can be installed from Bioconductor website. A user friendly web graphic interface is provided at https://cqs.app.vumc.org/shiny/RnaSeqSampleSize/.

Conclusions
RnaSeqSampleSize provides a convenient and powerful way for power and sample size estimation for an RNAseq experiment. It is also equipped with several unique features, including estimation for interested genes or pathway, power curve visualization, and parameter optimization.
Safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab in Chinese patients with B‐cell lymphomas: a secondary analysis of the GERSHWIN trial
Authors: Qin Yan , Song Yuqin , Shen Zhixiang , Du Xin , Ji Wei , Hsu Wanling , Zhu Jun , Shi Yuankai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphomas have limited treatment options. GERSHWIN is an open‐label, single‐arm, phase Ib study of obinutuzumab monotherapy in Chinese patients with histologically documented CD20+ relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), or follicular lymphoma (FL). The primary outcome measure of pharmacokinetics has been previously reported. We now present data on the secondary endpoint measures (e.g., safety, and efficacy and pharmacodynamics).MethodsPatients received 1000 mg obinutuzumab intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of cycle 1 (CLL patients; first dose split over 2 days), and on day 1 of cycles 2–8. Each cycle lasted for 21 days; the treatment period was 24 weeks. All subjects receiving at least one dose of obinutuzumab were included in the analysis of safety, efficacy, as well as pharmacodynamics.ResultsA total of 48 patients (> 18 years of age) were enrolled (CLL: 12; DLBCL: 23; FL: 13). The subjects received a median of two lines of anticancer treatment prior to the enrollment. Thirty‐five patients (72.9%) had at least one adverse event (AE). The most frequent AE was infusion‐related reactions (15 patients; 31.3%), followed by pyrexia (11 patients; 22.9%). Treatment‐related AEs were reported in 28 patients (58.3%), and included one death (interstitial lung disease). End‐of‐treatment (EoT) response rate was 33.3%. Best overall response rate was 47.9%. Most CLL patients achieved a partial response at EoT (58.3%). CD19+ depletion occurred in 75.0% of the patients with CLL, and all patients with FL and DLBCL.ConclusionsThe safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab monotherapy in Chinese patients with B‐cell lymphomas were similar to that observed in previous studies in non‐Chinese patients; no new safety signals were observed.Clinical trial registration ID NCT01680991
The OU-ISIR Large Population Gait Database with real-life carried object and its performance evaluation
Authors: Uddin Md. Zasim , Ngo Thanh Trung , Makihara Yasushi , Takemura Noriko , Li Xiang , Muramatsu Daigo , Yagi Yasushi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the world’s largest gait database with real-life carried objects (COs), which has been made publicly available for research purposes, and its application to the performance evaluation of vision-based gait recognition. Whereas existing databases for gait recognition include at most 4007 subjects, we constructed an extremely large-scale gait database that includes 62,528 subjects, with an equal distribution of males and females, and ages ranging from 2 to 95 years old. Moreover, whereas existing gait databases consider a few predefined CO positions on a subject’s body, we constructed a database that contained unconstrained variations of COs being carried in unconstrained positions. Additionally, gait samples were manually classified into seven carrying status (CS) labels. The extremely large-scale gait database enabled us to evaluate recognition performance under cooperative and uncooperative settings, the impact of the training data size, the recognition difficulty level of the CS labels, and the possibility of the classification of CS labels. Particularly, the latter two performance evaluations have not been investigated in previous gait recognition studies.
Assessing the Association Between Blood Loss and Postoperative Hemoglobin After Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Study of 4 Blood Loss Measurement Modalities
Authors: Fedoruk Kelly , Seligman Katherine M. , Carvalho Brendan , Butwick Alexander J. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:Visual estimation and gravimetric methods are commonly used to quantify the volume of blood loss during cesarean delivery (CD). However, the correlation between blood loss and post-CD hemoglobin (Hb) is poorly studied, and it is unclear whether the correlation varies according to how blood loss is measured.METHODS:After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a prospective study of 61 women undergoing CD to assess the relations between post-CD Hb and blood loss measured using 4 modalities: gravimetric blood loss measurement (gBL), visual blood loss estimation by a blinded obstetrician (oBL) and anesthesiologist (aBL), and the Triton System (tBL). Hb was measured preoperatively and within 10 minutes after CD. gBL was quantified as blood volume in a suction canister in addition to the weight of blood-soaked sponges. tBL was measured with the Triton System by photographing blood-soaked sponges and suction canister contents. To assess the relation between blood loss and post-CD Hb, we performed correlation analyses and compared the magnitude of the correlations across the 4 measurement modalities using Williamttest. A Bonferroni correction was set to identify a statistically significant correlation (P< .0125) and statistically significant differences between correlation coefficients (P< .008).RESULTS:The mean (standard deviation) preoperative Hb was 12 (1.1) g/dL and post-CD Hb was 11.3 (1.0) g/dL. Median (interquartile range) values for gBL, oBL, aBL, and tBL were 672 mL (266–970), 700 mL (600–800), 750 mL (600–1000), and 496 mL (374–729), respectively. A statistically significant but weak correlation was observed between tBL and post-CD Hb (r= −0.33;P= .01). No statistically significant correlations were observed among aBL (r= −0.25;P= .06), oBL (r= −0.2;P= .13), and gBL (r= −0.3;P= .03) with post-CD Hb. We did not detect any significant differences between any 2 correlation coefficients across the 4 modalities.CONCLUSIONS:Given that we observed only weak correlations between each modality with post-CD Hb and no significant differences in the magnitude of the correlations across the 4 modalities, there may be limited clinical utility in estimating post-CD Hb from blood loss values measured with any of the 4 modalities.
Readiness for Discharge After Foot and Ankle Surgery Using Peripheral Nerve Blocks: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Spinal and General Anesthesia as Supplements to Nerve Blocks
Authors: YaDeau Jacques T. , Fields Kara G. , Kahn Richard L. , LaSala Vincent R. , Ellis Scott J. , Levine David S. , Paroli Leonardo , Luu Thuyvan H. , Roberts Matthew M. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
Neuraxial anesthesia is often viewed as superior to general anesthesia but may delay discharge. Comparisons do not typically use multimodal analgesics and nerve blockade. Combining nerve blockade with general anesthesia may reduce pain, opioid consumption, and nausea. We hypothesized that general anesthesia (with nerve blocks) would lead to earlier readiness for discharge, compared to spinal anesthesia (with nerve blocks).

METHODS:
All patients underwent ambulatory foot and ankle surgery, with a predicted case duration of 1–3 hours. All patients received popliteal and adductor canal nerve blocks using bupivacaine and dexamethasone. No intraoperative opioids were administered. All patients received ondansetron, dexamethasone, ketamine, and ketorolac. Patients, data collectors, and the data analyst were not informed of group assignment. Patients were randomized to spinal or general anesthesia with concealed allocation. Spinal anesthesia was performed with mepivacaine and accompanied with propofol sedation. After general anesthesia was induced with propofol, a laryngeal mask airway was inserted, followed by sevoflurane and propofol. Time until ready for discharge, the primary outcome, was compared between groups after adjusting for age and surgery time using multivariable unconditional quantile regression. Secondary outcomes compared at multiple timepoints were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm–Bonferroni step-down procedure.

RESULTS:
General anesthesia patients were ready for discharge at a median of 39 minutes earlier (95% confidence interval, 2–75; P = .038) versus spinal anesthesia patients. Patients in both groups met readiness criteria for discharge substantially before actual discharge. Pain scores at rest were higher among general anesthesia patients 1 hour after leaving the operating room (adjusted difference in means, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.0–3.2]; P < .001). Other secondary outcomes (including opioid use, opioid side effects, nausea, headache, sore throat, and back pain) were not different.

CONCLUSIONS:
General anesthesia was associated with earlier readiness for discharge, but the difference may not be clinically significant and did not lead to earlier actual discharge. Most secondary outcomes were not different between groups. The choice of spinal or general anesthesia as an adjunct to peripheral nerve blockade can reflect patient, clinician, and institutional preferences.
Intraoperative Methadone in Same-Day Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Dose-Finding Pilot Study
Authors: Komen Helga , Brunt L. Michael , Deych Elena , Blood Jane , Kharasch Evan D. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
Approximately 50 million US patients undergo ambulatory surgery annually. Postoperative opioid overprescribing is problematic, yet many patients report inadequate pain relief. In major inpatient surgery, intraoperative single-dose methadone produces better analgesia and reduces opioid use compared with conventional repeated dosing of short-duration opioids. This investigation tested the hypothesis that in same-day ambulatory surgery, intraoperative methadone, compared with short-duration opioids, reduces opioid consumption and pain, and determined an effective intraoperative induction dose of methadone for same-day ambulatory surgery.

METHODS:
A double-blind, dose-escalation protocol randomized 60 patients (2:1) to intraoperative single-dose intravenous methadone (initially 0.1 then 0.15 mg/kg ideal body weight) or conventional as-needed dosing of short-duration opioids (eg, fentanyl, hydromorphone; controls). Intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, pain, and opioid side effects were assessed before discharge. Patient home diaries recorded pain, opioid use, and opioid side effects daily for 30 days postoperatively. Primary outcome was in-hospital (intraoperative and postoperative) opioid use. Secondary outcomes were 30 days opioid consumption, pain intensity, and opioid side effects.

RESULTS:
Median (interquartile range) methadone doses were 6 (5–6) and 9 (8–9) mg in the 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg methadone groups, respectively. Total opioid consumption (morphine equivalents) in the postanesthesia care unit was significantly less compared with controls (9.3 mg, 1.3–11.0) in subjects receiving 0.15 mg/kg methadone (0.1 mg, 0.1–3.3; P < .001) but not 0.1 mg/kg methadone (5.0 mg, 3.3–8.1; P = .60). Dose-escalation ended at 0.15 mg/kg methadone. Total in-hospital nonmethadone opioid use after short-duration opioid, 0.1 mg/kg methadone, and 0.15 mg/kg methadone was 35.3 (25.0–44.0), 7.1 (3.7–10.0), and 3.3 (0.1–5.8) mg morphine equivalents, respectively (P < .001 for both versus control). In-hospital pain scores and side effects were not different between groups. In the 30 days after discharge, patients who received methadone 0.15 mg/kg had less pain at rest (P = .02) and used fewer opioid pills than controls (P < .0001), whereas patients who received 0.1 mg/kg had no difference in pain at rest (P = .69) and opioid use compared to controls (P = .08).

CONCLUSIONS:
In same-day discharge surgery, this pilot study identified a single intraoperative dose of methadone (0.15 mg/kg ideal body weight), which decreased intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements and postoperative pain, compared with conventional intermittent short-duration opioids, with similar side effects.
PEDAGOGIA DAS ENCRUZILHADAS
Authors: Junior Luiz Rufino Rodrigues 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo é resultado de uma Tese de doutorado em Educação intitulada Exu e a Pedagogia das Encruzilhadas. O mesmo tem como proposta desenvolver a crítica e propor outros caminhos no que tange as problemáticas do racismo, colonialismo e da educação. A ação aqui é invocar e encarnar as potências de Exu, divindade iorubana transladada na diáspora, para propor uma Pedagogia das Encruzilhadas. Parto da defesa da não redenção do colonialismo, problematizando a continuidade de seus efeitos na formação de um mundo múltiplo e inacabado, lido, aqui, a partir da disponibilidade conceitual assente na encruzilhada de Exu ‒ que emerge, assim, como símbolo de um projeto político/poético/educativo outro. A pedagogia encarnada pelas potências do orixá tece um balaio de múltiplos conceitos que confrontam a arrogância e a primazia dos modos edificados pela lógica colonial. Dessa forma, mais que confrontar os limites da razão dominante, a proposta que por ora se lança aponta outros caminhos: a partir de invenções paridas nas fronteiras e nos vazios deixados, são sabedorias reconstrutoras dos seres que, na invenção do Novo Mundo, foram submetidos à política de subordinação, encarceramento e morte da raça/racismo. A educação, nesse sentido, é apresentada como caminhos enquanto possibilidades de reinvenção de seres, uma resposta responsável e comprometida com a justiça cognitiva/social e com a vida em sua diversidade e imanência.
Preservando o status quo na economia política angolana: adaptações governativas, angolanização e o mercado | Mastering status quo in the Angolan political economy: governance adjustments, angolanização and the market
Authors: Gaio Gabrieli 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo aborda a preservação do status quo na economia política angolana a partir do fim da guerra civil no país. O trabalho busca apreender o papel do processo de angolanização na estratégia de manutenção do poder por parte do partido governante sob o contexto das políticas de reconstrução nacional. Esta pesquisa combina abordagens da Economia Política Internacional (EPI) (Strange, 1970; 1976; 1988; 1996; Underhill, 2000; 2001; 2003) com as observações de Bayart (1991; 2009) e Cooper (2002) relativamente ao estado pós-colonial no continente africano. O artigo identifica uma dinâmica co-constitutiva entre público e privado articulada pela gestão do partido governante, que molda tanto o estado quanto o mercado de acordo com suas estratégias de manutenção do status quo.ABSTRACTThis article approaches status quo maintenance in Angola’s post-civil war political economy. The main purpose of this work is to apprehend the role played by angolanização in the ruling party’s strategy for holding power under the conjuncture of national reconstruction. Combining approaches from International Political Economy (IPE) (Strange, 1970; 1976; 1988; 1996; Underhill, 2000; 2001; 2003) with Bayart’s (1991; 2009) and Cooper’s (2002) views on the postcolonial state in Africa, this article identifies the co-constitutive character of public and private spheres in Angola. Such co-constitutive character is a byproduct of the ruling party’s strategies for preserving status quo in the post-civil war years.Palavras-chave: Angola – MPLA – angolanização.Keywords: Angola – MPLA – angolanização. Recebido em 03 de Janeiro de 2018
RIPSMAN, Norrin; TALIAFERRO, Jeffrey; LOBELL, Steven. Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 208 p. ISBN: 9780199899234
Authors: Silva Álvaro Vicente Costa 
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho resenha a obra Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics, de Norrin Ripsman, Jeffrey Taliaferro e Steven Lobell, publicado em 2016. O intuito dos autores é construir um modelo teórico realista neoclássico, indo além do ideário neorrealista focado apenas em fatores sistêmicos enquanto determinantes da política exterior de um Estado. Assim, alguns fatores domésticos são elencados enquanto variáveis intervenientes capazes de influenciar a resposta de um Estado aos estímulos vindos do sistema internacional.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to review Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics, a book written by Norrin Ripsman, Jeffrey Taliaferro e Steven Lobell and published in 2016. The authors goal is to construct a neoclassical realist model, as a further advance in comparison to neorealist appraisal of International Politics, whose claim that systemical restraints and dictates the foreign policy of states. Hence, some domestical factors are placed as intervening variables that can influence a state’s reaction to the stimulus emanated from the international system. Palavras-chave: Realismo, Teoria das Relações Internacionais, análise de política externa.Keywords: Realism, International Relations theory, Foreign policy analysis.Recebido em 13 de Maio de 2018 | Aceito em 22 de Maio de 2018.Received May 13, 2018 | Accepted on May 22, 2018. DOI
New Forms of Antisemitism, the Law, and the Politics of Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary France
Authors: Chetcuti-Osorovitz Natacha , Teicher Fabrice 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince 2012, hundreds of thousands of people mobilized and demonstrated against a French law that made both marriage and adoption possible for same-sex couples. In these demonstrations, seemingly heterogeneous groups and political traditions came together against those they saw as common enemies, namely Jews, LGBT people and feminists. Are these paradoxical alliances new? How have they transformed the public space and the imaginary of citizenship? The analysis of these activist repertoires shows that the ethos of anti-modernism, which has historically characterized reactionary groups, expressed itself through an obsessive focus and fear of the alleged undoing of gender, which is seen as emblematic of a post-modern society. Whether online or in demonstrations, a collection of political actors, ranging from the far-right to post-colonial second-generation groups, join forces in denouncing mass media, capitalism, and human rights, which they believe to be avatars of the decadence of their postmodern world. Their activism has reshaped the French political landscape.
Protein-ligand binding site detection as an alternative route to molecular docking and drug repurposing
Authors: Toti Daniele , Macari Gabriele , Polticelli Fabio 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
After the onset of the genomic era, the detection of ligand binding sites in proteins has emerged over the last few years as a powerful tool for protein function prediction. Several approaches, both sequence and structure based, have been developed, but the full potential of the corresponding tools has not been exploited yet. Here, we describe the development and classification of a large, almost exhaustive, collection of protein-ligand binding sites to be used, in conjunction with the Ligand Binding Site Recognition Application Web Application developed in our laboratory, as an alternative to virtual screening through molecular docking simulations to identify novel lead compounds for known targets. Ligand binding sites derived from the Protein Data Bank have been clustered according to ligand similarity, and given a known ligand, the binding mode of related ligands to the same target can be predicted. The collection of ligand binding sites contains more than 200,000 sites corresponding to more than 20,000 different ligands. Furthermore, the ligand binding sites of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs have been classified as well, allowing to investigate the possible binding of each of them (and related compounds) to a given target for drug repurposing and redesign initiatives. Sample usage cases are also described to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.