bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nosographic analysis of osmophobia and field testing of diagnostic criteria including osmophobia
Authors: Chalmer Mona Ameri , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Olesen Jes 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Osmophobia has been suggested as an additional symptom of migraine without aura, and a high prevalence of osmophobia of up to 50% has been reported in the literature. We conducted a nosographic study of osmophobia in all migraineurs and tension-type headache patients and a field testing of suggested diagnostic criteria of osmophobia, presented in the appendix of the second edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders and suggested by Silva-Néto et al. and Wang et al ., in migraine without aura and tension-type headache patients (n = 1934). Materials and methods Each patient received a validated semi-structured interview. All subjects fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the second edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders for migraine or tension-type headache. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software R. The statistical R package “Caret” was used to construct a confusion matrix and retrieve sensitivity, which is defined as the suggested criteria’s ability to correctly diagnose migraine without aura patients, and specificity, defined as the suggested criteria’s ability to not wrongly diagnose tension-type headache patients. Results Osmophobia was present in 33.5% of patients with migraine with aura, in 36.0% of patients with migraine without aura, and in 1.2% of patients with tension-type headache. All migraineurs with osmophobia also fulfilled the current criteria for migraine by having nausea or photophobia and phonophobia. The appendix criteria had a sensitivity of 0.96 and a specificity of 0.99 for migraine without aura, and a sensitivity of 0.65 and a specificity of 0.99 for probable migraine without aura. Both the criteria by Silva-Néto et al. and Wang et al. had a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 0.99 for migraine without aura, and a sensitivity of 0.66 and a specificity of 0.99 for probable migraine without aura. Discussion This study demonstrates the remarkable specificity of osmophobia. The criteria by Silva-Néto et al. and Wang et al. both had a higher sensitivity than the appendix criteria for migraine without aura; all three criteria had a low sensitivity for probable migraine without aura. However, neither the appendix criteria nor the criteria by Silva-Néto et al. or Wang et al. added any extra patients that would not have been diagnosed by the current diagnostic criteria for migraine. Osmophobia is a valuable symptom that may be useful to differentiate between migraine without aura and tension-type headache in difficult clinical cases. Conclusion Our results do not suggest that alterations of the current diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura are needed.
A phase 1 study to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of fremanezumab doses (225 mg, 675 mg and 900 mg) in Japanese and Caucasian healthy subjects
Authors: Cohen-Barak Orit , Weiss Sivan , Rasamoelisolo Michele , Faulhaber Nicola , Yeung Paul P , Loupe Pippa S , Yoon Esther , Gandhi Mohit D , Spiegelstein Ofer , Aycardi Ernesto 
Published: April 2018

Objectives The primary and secondary objectives of this phase 1 study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and immunogenicity of fremanezumab subcutaneous (sc) doses tested in phase 2 and 3 trials (225 mg, 675 mg and 900 mg) following single administration in Japanese (n = 32) and Caucasian (n = 32) healthy subjects. Methods Japanese and matched Caucasian healthy subjects were enrolled into one of four cohorts and were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 225, 675, or 900 mg fremanezumab, or placebo. Pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity sampling, and safety and tolerability assessments occurred at one inpatient visit and 12 ambulatory visits during the 36-week study. Results Pharmacokinetic analyses included those randomized to fremanezumab (n = 24 for each ethnic group) and safety analyses included all subjects enrolled in the study (n = 32 for each ethnic group). Fremanezumab concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters per dose were similar for Japanese and Caucasians at all dose levels. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for Cmax for Japanese to Caucasian subjects were 0.91, 1.04 and 1.14 for the 225 mg, 675 mg and 900 mg fremanezumab doses. GMRs for AUC0-inf were 0.96, 1.09, and 0.98, respectively. Median Tmax (range 5–11 days) and mean half-lives (range 31–39 days) were similar across doses for both ethnicities. Most frequently occurring adverse events were injection site reactions, abdominal pain, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, constipation and nasopharyngitis. There was no development of anti-drug-antibodies and no clinically meaningful changes in laboratory findings. Conclusion The results of the pharmacokinetic exposure parameters and safety measures were similar for Japanese and Caucasians and support the once monthly and once quarterly sc injections of fremanezumab.
Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Development and Progression in an Ovine Model of Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Effect of Repeated Intra-articular Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections on Early Disease
Authors: Barton Kristen I. , Heard Bryan J. , Sevick Johnathan L. , Martin C. Ryan , Shekarforoush S.M. Mehdi , Chung May , Achari Yamini , Frank Cyril B. , Shrive Nigel G. , Hart David A. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Partial anterior cruciate ligament (p-ACL) ruptures are a common injury of athletes. However, few preclinical models have investigated the natural history and treatment of p-ACL injuries. Purpose: To (1) demonstrate whether a controlled p-ACL injury model (anteromedial band transection) develops progressive gross morphological and histological posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)–like changes at 20 and 40 weeks after the injury and (2) investigate the efficacy of repeated (0, 5, 10, and 15 weeks) intra-articular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA; 80 mg/mL) in the mitigation of potential PTOA-like changes after p-ACL transection. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-one 3- to 5-year-old female Suffolk-cross sheep were allocated to 4 groups: (1) nonoperative controls (n = 5), (2) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 5), (3) 40 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 6), and (4) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection + MPA (n = 5). Gross morphological grading and histological analyses were conducted. mRNA expression levels for inflammatory, degradative, and structural molecules were assessed. Results: p-ACL transection led to significantly more combined gross damage ( P = .008) and significant aggregate histological damage ( P = .009) at 40 weeks after p-ACL transection than the nonoperative controls, and damage was progressive over time. Macroscopically, MPA appeared to slightly mitigate gross damage at 20 weeks after p-ACL transection in some animals. However, microscopic analysis revealed that repeated MPA injections after p-ACL transection led to significant loss in proteoglycan content compared with the nonoperative controls and 20 weeks after p-ACL transection ( P = .008 and P = .008, respectively). Conclusion: p-ACL transection led to significant gross and histological damage by 40 weeks, which was progressive over time. Multiple repeated MPA injections were not appropriate to mitigate injury-related damage in a p-ACL transection ovine model as significant proteoglycan loss was observed in MPA-treated knees. Clinical Relevance: A p-ACL injury leads to slow and progressive PTOA-like joint damage, and multiple repeated injections of glucocorticoids may be detrimental to the knee joint in the long term.
Culturally Safe Health Initiatives for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brooks-Cleator Lauren , Phillipps Breanna , Giles Audrey 
Published: April 2018

Background Cultural safety has the potential to improve the health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, yet practical applications of the concept are lacking in the literature. Purpose This study aims to identify the key components of culturally safe health initiatives for the Indigenous population of Canada to refine its application in health-care settings. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature pertaining to culturally safe health promotion programs, initiatives, services, or care for the Indigenous population in Canada. Our initial search yielded 501 publications, but after full review of 44 publications, 30 were included in the review. After charting the data, we used thematic analysis to identify themes in the data. Results We identified six themes: collaboration/partnerships, power sharing, address the broader context of the patient’s life, safe environment, organizational and individual level self-reflection, and training for health-care providers. Conclusion While it is important to recognize that the provision of culturally safe initiatives depend on the specific interaction between the health-care provider and the patient, having a common understanding of the components of cultural safety, such as those that we identified through this research, will help in the transition of cultural safety from theory into practice.
Severe brady-arrhythmias in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, etiology and associated factors
Authors: Tselios K , Gladman D D , Harvey P , Su J , Urowitz M B 
Published: April 2018

Background Severe brady-arrhythmias, requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM), have been sparsely reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of such arrhythmias in a defined lupus cohort. Patients and methods The database of the Toronto Lupus Clinic ( n = 1366) was searched for patients who received a PPM. Demographic, clinical, immunological and therapeutic variables along with electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic findings (based on the last available test prior to PPM) were analyzed. Patients with a PPM (cases) were compared with age-, sex- and disease duration-matched patients without a PPM (controls). Analysis was performed with SAS 9.0; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Eighteen patients were identified, 13 (0.95%) with complete atrioventricular block and 5 (0.37%) with sick sinus syndrome. Disease duration at PPM implantation was 22 ± 12 years. Compared to controls, cases had more frequently coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia and longer antimalarial (AM) treatment duration. The prevalence of first-degree atrioventricular block, right bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block and septal hypertrophy was also higher. AM treatment was significantly associated with brady-arrhythmias (OR = 1.128, 95% CI = 1.003–1.267, p = 0.044). Nine patients had prior heart disease and one received a PPM two years after renal transplantation. Eight patients did not have any potential risk factors; prolonged AM therapy (mean 22 years) might have been the cause. Conclusions Apart from known causes, prolonged AM treatment may be associated with severe brady-arrhythmias in SLE. Certain ECG and echocardiographic characteristics may represent indicators of an ongoing damage in the conduction system.
Creating Inclusive Groups in the Advertising Classroom
Authors: Geske Joel 
Published: April 2018

Creating inclusive classrooms, and especially creating inclusive and diverse working groups, can be a challenge in the advertising curriculum. The ad industry values diversity, and employers in general value students who know how to effectively work in groups. This article reports survey data of what makes students feel not included in classroom activities and provides suggestions for best practices in the classroom to make sure all students feel included and to minimize conflict.
Integration of an Online Curriculum with a Real-World Exercise: A Step Beyond Traditional Classroom Teaching
Authors: Maddox Lynda , Patino Anthony , Kaltcheva Velitchka D. , Pitta Dennis A. 
Published: April 2018

This exploratory study demonstrates the effectiveness of using practice-based and client-focused active learning exercises to develop applied skills and better position the student as a candidate with both practical competencies and strong book knowledge. Findings from surveys of business managers indicate the need for real-world application of the skills and knowledge taught in the classroom. Two sections of an undergraduate Integrated Marketing Communications course (60 students) completed an active learning, practice-based pedagogical instrument involving Nielsen Academics and client-focused exercises. A 2 (group: experimental vs. control) × 2 (section) ANOVA with students’ quiz scores as the dependent variable showed the group main effect was the only significant effect. The combination of the Nielsen Academics technology and the client-focused exercises yielded stronger learning outcomes. Not only did students gain experience in media buying and scheduling, but also their knowledge of each was significantly higher than that of students in the control group.
Generation-Z Enters the Advertising Workplace: Expectations Through a Gendered Lens
Authors: Grow Jean M. , Yang Shiyu 
Published: April 2018

Generation-Z (Gen-Z) is entering the workforce with differing personal and professional expectations from previous generations. Further, those expectations tend to vary by gender. At the same time, workplace environments, and the social structures that underpin the workplace, are slow to change. Advertising is no exception. As educators, we are just beginning our encounter with Gen-Z and their differing habits and expectations. Further, while these young women and men share many common experiences and expectations, their expectations are also influenced by their gendered experiences. Social capital theory helps us make sense of the findings as we explore the gaps between the expectations of Gen-Z and realities of the advertising industry within a changing world. Previous research has largely focused on what the advertising industry expects. However, there is little research exploring what future graduates expect and even less on Gen-Z or these students’ expectations viewed through a gendered lens. This research explores the expectations of 98 Gen-Z students and suggests ways we, as advertising educators, might help them bridge the gap between expectations and the professional realities they will face.
Clinical features and short-term outcome of presumptive intracranial complications associated with otitis media/interna: a multi-center retrospective study of 19 cats (2009–2017)
Authors: Moore Sarah A , Bentley R Timothy , Carrera-Justiz Sheila , Foss Kari D , da Costa Ronaldo C , Cook Laurie B 
Published: April 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to compile an overview of the clinical features of intracranial complication of otitis media/interna (OMI) in cats managed across five veterinary referral hospitals. Of additional interest were culture results that could inform empirical antibiotic selection, as well as outcome with both medical and surgical management. Methods A retrospective medical record review was conducted at five veterinary referral practices to identify cats with a diagnosis of intracranial complication secondary to OMI between 2009 and 2017. Clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatment and outcome were recorded. Results At total of 19 cats were identified. Sixty-three percent had no previous history of ear infection. Otoscopic examination was normal in 47% of cases. The most common bacterial isolate was Pasteurella multocida, which was identified in 24% of cases. Outcome was successful for 83% of cats managed with ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) and in 66% of cats managed without surgical intervention. Conclusions and relevance Clinical suspicion of intracranial complications of OMI should remain high in cats with central vestibular disease even if otoscopic examination is normal. Antibiotic selection should be based on a culture and sensitivity; however, initial antibiotic therapy should include broad-spectrum coverage with special consideration for P multocida. Cats with intracranial complications of OMI can have a good outcome with either surgical or medical management and prospective studies are needed to assess the role of VBO in enhancing recovery.
Suturing technique for scleral fixation of toric intraocular lens in the traumatic aphakic eye with corneal astigmatism
Authors: Pan Qintuo , Yang Zhengwei , Chen Xiaomeng , Wei Wenlong , Ke Zhisheng , Chen Ding , Huang Fang , Cai Junyong , Zhao Zhenquan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal astigmatism after using a novel technique for toric intraocular lens suture fixation. Methods: In total, 12 eyes of 12 patients who underwent a new scleral suture fixation technique of one-piece toric intraocular lens (SN6AT series, Alcon Inc., TX, USA) were included in our retrospective study. Preoperative patient status, postoperative visual acuity and refractive outcomes, postoperative intraocular lens rotation, tilt, decentration, and complications were analyzed. Results: The mean follow-up was 11.6 ± 1.0 months. The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.55 ± 0.32 in the logarithm of minimum angle of resolution equivalent; the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.45 ± 0.34. The mean preoperative total corneal astigmatism was 2.51 ± 1.67 D. The mean postoperative residual astigmatism was 0.77 ± 0.54 D. The mean intraocular lens rotation was 3.33° ± 1.37° (range, 1°–6°). The mean intraocular lens tilt in horizontal direction was 3.64° ± 1.02° (range, 2.6°–6.3°) and in vertical direction it was 3.19° ± 1.07 ° (range, 1.6°–5.2°). The mean intraocular lens decentration in horizontal direction was 0.14 ± 0.03 mm (range, 0.089–0.192 mm) and in vertical direction it was 0.15 ± 0.02 mm (range, 0.113–0.181 mm). One patient had mild vitreous hemorrhage and two other patients had high postoperative residual sphere and astigmatism, respectively. But no other serious complications were observed. Conclusion: Scleral suture fixation of foldable toric intraocular lens to correct corneal astigmatism can be a safe and effective alternative technique to manage traumatic aphakic eyes that lack adequate capsular support.
Clinical and surgical risk factors for consecutive exotropia
Authors: Bryselbout Sophie , Promelle Veronique , Pracca Florent , Milazzo Solange 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Consecutive exotropia is one of the complications of esotropia surgery. Its prevalence is estimated at 4%–27%. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for consecutive exotropia in the aftermath of surgical treatment of esotropia. Methods: Seventy-four patients examined in our strabismus consultation for a consecutive exotropia from January 2010 to June 2016 were retrospectively included. The age of onset of esotropia, the presence of amblyopia, the age of esotropia surgery and chosen procedure, the refractive errors, the anomalies of ocular motility, the age of onset of the consecutive exotropia and its angle of deviation were reported. Statistical analyses were performed with Student’s test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Esotropia occurred in 65% of cases before the age of 1 year, was associated with amblyopia in 51%, hyperopia in 55% or anisometropia in 31%. Surgery was performed before the age of 6 years for 55% of the patients and involved for 52% the both medial recti. The angle of deviation of consecutive exotropia was ≤20 prism dioptres (PD) in 39%, 21-40 PD in 39% and ≥ 40 PD in 22%, related to amblyopia (p = 0.028), and to high hypermetropia (p = 0.05). Discussion: Amblyopia and hyperopia were the most important risk factors of consecutive exotropia in our series. Early onset esotropia, stereopsis abnormalities, anisometropia, oblique dysfunction, convergence insufficiency appeared but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Amblyopia is a major risk factor that should be taken into consideration during surgery of an esotropia.
Optical coherence tomography angiography characterization of acute and late stage Purtscher retinopathy
Authors: Gil Pedro , Raimundo Miguel , Marques João P , Póvoa João , Silva Rufino 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To report a case of Purtscher retinopathy imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: Case-report. Left eye fundoscopic examination in a 21-year old male after a road traffic accident with chest compression revealed multiple peri-papillary cotton-wool spots and intra- and pre-retinal hemorrhages. A diagnosis of Purtscher retinopathy was assumed. Results: In both the superficial and deep retinal plexuses, acute stage optical coherence tomography angiography identified multiple irregular areas of capillary non-perfusion that extended beyond the clinically visible peri-papillary cotton-wool spots. At 5-month follow-up, despite the clearing of visible cotton-wool spots, there were still permanent areas of irregular capillary non-perfusion and inner retina atrophy. These sequelae, along with a decrease in the peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, were consistent with a suboptimal visual outcome and a dense inferior arcuate scotoma. Conclusion: Baseline and follow-up optical coherence tomography angiography was able to detect, quantify, and map focal microvascular abnormalities at the level of the superficial and deep inner retinal vascular plexuses. These lesions were consistent with late stage structural and functional sequelae, conferring them prognostic value.
Correlation Between Mammographic Breast Density, Breast Tissue Type in Ultrasonography, Fibroglandular Tissue, and Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Alikhassi Afsaneh , Miratashi Yazdi Seyedeh Nooshin , Akbari Hedieh , Kia Sona Akbari , Baikpour Masoud 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population, and imaging studies play a critical role for its early detection. Mammographic breast density (MBD) is one of the markers used to predict the risk stratification of breast cancer in patients. We aimed to assess the correlations among MBD, ultrasound breast composition (USBC), fibroglandular tissue (FGT), and the amount of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in magnetic resonance imaging, after considering the subjects’ menopausal status. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records’ archives in a tertiary referral hospital were reviewed. Data including age, menopausal status, their mammograms, and ultrasound assessments were extracted from their records. All of their imaging studies were reviewed, and MBD, USBC, FGT, and BPE were determined, recorded, and entered into SPSS software for analysis. Results: A total of 121 women (mean age = 42.7 ± 11.0 years) were included, of which 35 out of 115 (30.4%) had reached menopause. Using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for evaluating the trends among above mentioned 4 radiologic characteristics in the total sample population, a significant positive relation was found between each of these paired variables: (1) USBC-MBD ( P = .006), (2) FGT-MBD ( P = .001), (3) USBC-BPE ( P = .046), (4) USBC-FGT ( P = .036), and (5) BPE-FGT ( P < .001). These trends were not found to be significant among premenopausal subjects. Conclusions: Considering the trends between different measures of breast density in the 3 radiologic modalities, these factors can be used interchangeably in certain settings.