bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Belle II flavor tagger
Authors: Abudinén Fernando 
Published: September 2019

Belle II is a particle-physics experiment at the intensity frontier focused on probing non Standard Model physics through precision measurements of quark-flavor and τ-lepton dynamics. Determining the flavor of neutral B mesons, i.e. their quark composition, is a crucial task which is addressed using flavor tagging algorithms. Due to the novel high-luminosity conditions and the increased beam backgrounds at Belle II, an improved flavor tagging algorithm had to be developed to ensure the success of the Belle II physics program.
The new Belle II flavor tagger exploits the flavor-specific signatures of B 0 decays employing boosted decision trees and neural networks. It identifies B 0-decay products providing flavor-specific signatures and combines the information from all possible signatures into a final output. The algorithm has been validated by comparing its performance on simulated events with its performance on collision events collected by the predecessor experiment Belle.
To explore the advantages of state-of-the-art deep-learning techniques, the Belle II collaboration developed a deep-learning-based flavor tagger. This algorithm tags the flavor of B 0 mesons without identifying flavor specific signatures using a deep-learning neural network. The validation on Belle data of this algorithm is currently ongoing.
Dynamic Integration and Management of Opportunistic Resources for HEP
Authors: Schnepf Matthias J. , von Cube R. Florian , Fischer Max , Giffels Manuel , Heidecker Christoph , Heiss Andreas , Kuehn Eileen , Petzold Andreas , Quast Guenter , Sauter Martin 
Published: September 2019

Demand for computing resources in high energy physics (HEP) shows a highly dynamic behavior, while the provided resources by the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) remains static. It has become evident that opportunistic resources such as High Performance Computing (HPC) centers and commercial clouds are well suited to cover peak loads. However, the utilization of these resources gives rise to new levels of complexity, e.g. resources need to be managed highly dynamically and HEP applications require a very specific software environment usually not provided at opportunistic resources. Furthermore, aspects to consider are limitations in network bandwidth causing I/O-intensive workflows to run inefficiently.
The key component to dynamically run HEP applications on opportunistic resources is the utilization of modern container and virtualization technologies. Based on these technologies, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has developed ROCED, a resource manager to dynamically integrate and manage a variety of opportunistic resources. In combination with ROCED, HTCondor batch system acts as a powerful single entry point to all available computing resources, leading to a seamless and transparent integration of opportunistic resources into HEP computing.
KIT is currently improving the resource management and job scheduling by focusing on I/O requirements of individual workflows, available network bandwidth as well as scalability. For these reasons, we are currently developing a new resource manager, called TARDIS. In this paper, we give an overview of the utilized technologies, the dynamic management, and integration of resources as well as the status of the I/O-based resource and job scheduling.
Boswelliaextrakte/Boswelliasäuren bei malignen Tumoren: Eine Übersicht
Authors: Ammon H.P.T. 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungHarze der Bäume verschiedener Boswellia-Spezies – pharmazeutisch Olibanum genannt – werden seit Jahrtausenden als Arzneimittel – auch bei Tumoren – verwendet. Seit den 1990er-Jahren häufen sich die Berichte über Antitumorwirkungen von Extrakten aus dem Harz und einigen Inhaltsstoffen, hier insbesondere von Boswelliasäuren. Präklinische Studien zeigten eine Hemmung der Proliferation, Antiangiogenese und der Ausbreitung von Metastasen sowie Induktion von Apoptose bei einer Vielzahl von Tumorzelllinien wie: Leukämie-, Glioblastom-, Meningiom-, Prostata-, Leber-, Mamma-, Kolon-, Pankreas- und Lungenkarzinomzellen.Die Inhaltsstoffe eines Boswelia-Extraktes (BE) verhalten sich in ihrer Antitumorwirkung synergistisch zueinander und auch gegenüber Chemotherapeutika und Bestrahlung. Der Mechanismus der Antitumorwirkung beeinflusst mehrere Transduktionssignalwege und Einzelfaktoren, die mit Proliferation, Apoptose, Angiogenese und Invasion im Zusammenhang stehen. Ihre Aktivierung erfolgt in vielen Fällen durch Phosphorylierungsreaktionen. Letztere werden durch BE und -inhaltsstoffe gehemmt. Eine wichtige Rolle bei der Apoptosewirkung spielt die Aktivierung von Caspasen.Klinische Studien liegen außer bei Hirntumoren nicht vor. Ein Vorteil von BE ist die geringe Toxizität. Dies sollte Anlass zur Durchführung klinischer Studien sein.
Rekonstruktion des Zwischenkiefers mithilfe eines alveolären Distraktionsverfahrens
Authors: Erverdi Nejat , Şar Çağla 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungBei dem vorliegenden Fallbericht handelt es sich um eine frühe klinische Evaluation eines Patienten mit bilateraler Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte, der mithilfe des bogengeführten Distraktionsosteogeneseverfahrens behandelt worden ist. Bei dem 21 Jahre alten Patienten fehlten die oberen Frontzähne und die Ästhetik war schlecht. Er hatte eine skelettale und dentale Klasse-III-Relation, eine Oberkieferhypoplasie, eine Kompression des oberen seitlichen Zahnbogens, eine defiziente Prämaxilla auf Grund der Spaltung des Alveolarkiefers und einen konkaven Verlauf des Gesichtsprofils. Die Behandlungsplanung sah die Ausformung und Nivellierung der Zahnbögen mit festsitzenden Apparaturen und eine bogengeführte Distraktionsosteogenese vor. Dazu wurden die seitlichen Segmente osteotomiert und mobilisiert. Die Distraktoren wurden so weit aktiviert, bis die lateralen Segmente Kontakt zueinander hatten. Der Patient wurde dann an einen Kieferchirurgen überwiesen, der die Docking-Operation durchführte. Im Anschluss daran wurde er prothetisch versorgt. Mithilfe dieses Verfahrens wurde ein ausgedehnter Defektbereich geschlossen, eine ideale Form des Zahnbogens erhalten und neues Knochengewebe hinter den distrahierten Kiefersegmenten gebildet.
Behandlungshierarchien bei orofazialen Dysfunktionen
Authors: Pfaller-Frank Karin 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie myofunktionelle Therapie, wie diese von Daniel Garliner in den 70er-Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts im deutschen Sprachraum eingeführt wurde, ist in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, mitsamt den vielen Modifikationen nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Ursachen dafür mögen eine unzulässige Trivialisierung der MFT an sich sowie eine Vernachlässigung der funktionellen Betrachtungen sein. Das Wissen über den dynamischen Charakter von orofazialen Funktionen, die Interaktion von Struktur und Funktion, die Wechselbeziehung von Stabilität und Mobilität, die Interaktionen von Sensibilität, Stereognose und Sensomotorik und die Relevanz von Gleichgewichtsmechanismen haben ein besseres Verständnis über orofaziale Funktionen ermöglicht. Die MFT bzw. die funktionelle Behandlung orofazialer Dysfunktionen ist mittlerweile zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil im Rahmen kieferorthopädischer/kieferchirurgischer und logopädischer Behandlungen geworden. Selbstverständlich sind nicht sämtliche ursprünglichen Behandlungsfaktoren überholt, sie werden zunehmend in ein funktionelles Grundverständnis eingebunden und abgestimmt auf die jeweils individuelle Situation eingesetzt.Diese auf der Interaktion von Struktur und Funktion basierende gemeinsame Herangehensweise von KFO und Logopädie trägt den wechselseitigen Abhängigkeiten von sogenannten harten und weichen Geweben Rechnung. Die Überlegungen zum soft tissue paradigm nach Proffit [1] stellen die konzeptionelle Grundlage für einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar.
Wie Menschen entscheiden, ob sie sich einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung unterziehen wollen oder nicht: Upstream in der Behandlungskette
Authors: Feldner Josef Andreas 
Published: September 2019

EinleitungDie wichtigsten Entscheidungen in Bezug auf kieferorthopädische Behandlungen finden in den meisten Fällen nicht in der Praxis des Kieferorthopäden statt. Vor der Entscheidung, sich einer Behandlung zu unterziehen, informieren sich Patienten zunächst über die Möglichkeit einer solchen Behandlung, sei dies durch Freunde, Medien, niedergelassene Zahnärzte (NZA) oder durch Kieferorthopäden.
Lösungen für alltägliche Probleme bei der kieferorthopädischen Feineinstellung
Authors: Troiani Stefano 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungJedem praktisch tätigen Kieferorthopäden ist die Bedeutung einer guten Feineinstellung klar, auch wenn dies nicht durch wissenschaftliche Nachweise gestützt wird. Einige Probleme treten während des Finishings immer wieder auf. Eine unterschiedliche Zahnbogenlänge, die Torqueanpassung am Eckzahn und seitliche Frühkontakte sind dabei die häufigsten Probleme, für die Lösungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt werden.
Adherence to recommendations of Barrett’s esophagus surveillance guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roumans Carlijn A. M. , van der Bogt Ruben D. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Sharma Prateek , Spaander Manon C. W. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Guidelines aim to reduce treatment variation and improve quality of care. In the literature there is large variation in the reported rates of adherence to recommendations of surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of this systematic review was to identify explanatory parameters determining these differences in adherence rates.
Methods Embase, Medline Epub, and Web of Science were searched. Studies reporting adherence in at least one of five domains were selected: general domain, surveillance interval, biopsy protocol, landmark identification, and histopathological information. Adherence was expressed as the proportion of endoscopies or endoscopists being in accordance with guideline recommendations. Variation in adherence was evaluated by 1) meta-regression of adherence rates in random effects meta-analysis to define subgroups, and 2) compiling an overview of the most reported explanatory parameters for (non)adherence.
Results 56 studies, including 14 002 BE patients and 4932 endoscopists, were included. Subgroup analysis showed that variation in rates of adherences to surveillance interval recommendations (I
2 = 98 % – 99 %) was explained by difference in country (43 %), by practice type (90 %), and by year of publication (11 %). Variation in adherence to the Seattle protocol was explained by difference in country (14 %). Factors most frequently reported to be associated with better adherence were shorter BE length, salaried employment, surveillance in university hospitals, and dedicated programs.
Conclusions This study provides insight into the variability of rates of adherence to BE surveillance recommendations between studies. Better adherence in university hospitals and dedicated programs indicate that persistent alertness of guidelines is important.
An Unusual Cause of Chronic Headache in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Yoganathan Sangeetha , Mariappan Ramamani , Sudhakar Sniya Valsa , Mani Sunithi Elizabeth , Mathew Vivek , Thomas Maya , Aboobacker Fouzia Nambiathayil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an under-diagnosed cause of headache in children and adolescents. SIH results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak due to breach in the dura mater and the etiology for dural breach is often diverse. We report an adolescent boy who presented with chronic episodic headache that later progressed to daily headache. There was a typical history of worsening of headache on upright position and relief of headache on lying down. He was treated with migraine prophylaxis in another hospital but there was no response. Marfanoid features and brisk deep tendon reflexes were observed on clinical examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed sagging of the brain stem, pachymeningeal enhancement, and tonsillar herniation. MRI of spine myelogram confirmed multiple levels of CSF leak. He was initially managed with supportive measures and fluoroscopic-guided fibrin glue injection. Although child remained symptom-free for the next 6 months, he again developed headache. MRI and computed tomography spine myelogram revealed a meningeal diverticulum in the lumbar spine. He was managed with an autologous epidural blood patch and he has been well since then. In this report, we highlight the clinical and radiological pointers to the presence of SIH in children with recurrent headache.
Postpartum Weight Loss in Women with Class-III Obesity: Do They Lose What They Gain?
Authors: Siegel Anne M. , Tucker Ann , Adkins LaMani D. , Mitchell Courtney , Brown Haywood L. , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases risk of postpartum weight retention in normal and overweight women but little is known about weight retention in morbidly obese women. We evaluated the impact of GWG on postpartum weight retention in women with class-III obesity.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of pregnancies at a single institution from July 2013 to December 2017 complicated by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 at entry to care. Women were classified as GWG within (WITHIN), less than (LESS), or greater than (MORE) Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations. Women were excluded for multiples, late prenatal care, preterm birth, fetal anomalies, intrauterine demise, weight loss, and missing data. Primary outcome was achievement of intake weight at the postpartum visit. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors.
Results Among 338 women, 93 (28%) gained WITHIN, 129 (38%) LESS, and 144 (43%) MORE. Women in the MORE group were less likely to achieve their intake weight at the postpartum visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.09 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.17, p < 0.01). Women gaining MORE were the only group who did not lose weight from intake to postpartum (Median weight change [LESS: −14 lbs (IQR: −20 to −7)] vs. [WITHIN: −7 lbs (IQR: −13 to −1)] vs. [MORE: 5 lbs (IQR: 0–15)]; p < 0.01).
Conclusion Excessive GWG in women with class-III obesity is associated with postpartum weight retention.
Maternal viral infection causes global alterations in porcine fetal microglia
Authors: Antonson Adrienne M. , Lawson Marcus A. , Caputo Megan P. , Matt Stephanie M. , Leyshon Brian J. , Johnson Rodney W. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Mental health disorders account for approximately 14% of the worldwide burden of disease and affect people of all age groups and socioeconomic statuses. Prenatal exposure to maternal infection increases the risk of developing certain mental health disorders, most notably schizophrenia and autism. Maternally derived cytokines, up-regulated during infection, may lead to an aberrant proinflammatory and phagocytic shift in fetal microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. As these cells perform essential processes that aid in the highly orchestrated progression of brain development, modifications in their prenatal phenotype could be detrimental. Using swine, a highly translatable animal model, we show that fetal microglia activity is globally altered by maternal infection, a finding that could have far-reaching implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.
High-resolution limited-angle phase tomography of dense layered objects using deep neural networks
Authors: Goy Alexandre , Rughoobur Girish , Li Shuai , Arthur Kwabena , Akinwande Akintunde I. , Barbastathis George 
Published: September 2019

Significance
We demonstrate that it is possible to use deep neural networks to produce tomographic reconstructions of dense layered objects with small illumination angle as low as 10 °. It is also shown that a DNN trained on synthetic data can generalize well to and produce reconstructions from experimental measurements. This work has application in the field of X-ray tomography for the inspection of integrated circuits and other materials studies.
Genomic analysis of siderophore β-hydroxylases reveals divergent stereocontrol and expands the condensation domain family
Authors: Reitz Zachary L. , Hardy Clifford D. , Suk Jaewon , Bouvet Jean , Butler Alison 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Bacteria produce siderophores to sequester iron(III). Genome mining of nonribosomal peptide synthetases predicts partial structures of peptidic siderophores; however, current tools cannot reliably predict which aspartate and histidine residues will be hydroxylated to form bidentate chelating groups, nor the resulting stereochemistry. We identified 2 functional subtypes of nonheme Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate–dependent aspartyl β-hydroxylases in siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters and one type of histidyl β-hydroxylase. Stand-alone genes encode one class of aspartyl β-hydroxylases and the histidyl β-hydroxylases, while the second class of aspartyl β-hydroxylases is encoded within a domain of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene. Each aspartyl β-hydroxylase subtype effects distinct diastereoselectivity. Mapping the β-OHAsp diastereomers in siderophores to the phylogenetic tree of β-hydroxylases enables prediction of β-OHAsp stereochemistry in silico.
Selection of endurance capabilities and the trade-off between pressure and volume in the evolution of the human heart
Authors: Shave Robert E. , Lieberman Daniel E. , Drane Aimee L. , Brown Marcel G. , Batterham Alan M. , Worthington Steven , Atencia Rebeca , Feltrer Yedra , Neary Jennifer , Weiner Rory B. , Wasfy Meagan M. , Baggish Aaron L. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Unlike other great apes, humans evolved multisystem capabilities for moderate-intensity EPA, but it is unknown if selection acted similarly on the heart. We present data from a sample of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas showing that the human (LV) evolved numerous features that help to augment stroke volume (SV), enabling moderate-intensity EPA. We also show that phenotypic plasticity of the human LV trades off pressure adaptations for volume capabilities, becoming more similar to a chimpanzee-like heart in response to physical inactivity or chronic pressure loading. Consequently, the derived human heart appears partly dependent upon moderate EPA and its absence, in combination with a highly processed diet, likely contributes to the modern epidemic of hypertensive heart disease.
Organization of fast and slow chromatin revealed by single-nucleosome dynamics
Authors: Ashwin S. S. , Nozaki Tadasu , Maeshima Kazuhiro , Sasai Masaki 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Recent live cell imaging has revealed that chromatin is not a static, rigid structure but is dynamically fluctuating in cells. We study chromatin motion by using single-nucleosome tracking data in living human cells. The distribution of single-nucleosome movement shows a distinct 2-peak feature: fast and slow fractions. Nucleosome movement is investigated using statistical analyses and a polymer model to elucidate the mechanism of dynamic organization of fast and slow chromatin.
Genetic ablation of acid ceramidase in Krabbe disease confirms the psychosine hypothesis and identifies a new therapeutic target
Authors: Li Yedda , Xu Yue , Benitez Bruno A. , Nagree Murtaza S. , Dearborn Joshua T. , Jiang Xuntian , Guzman Miguel A. , Woloszynek Josh C. , Giaramita Alex , Yip Bryan K. , Elsbernd Joseph , Babcock Michael C. , Lo Melanie , Fowler Stephen C. , Wozniak David F. , Vogler Carole A. , Medin Jeffrey A. , Crawford Brett E. , Sands Mark S. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
This study identifies the source of the toxic glycolipid, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), which accumulates in the inherited demyelinating disorder, Krabbe disease. It was suggested that psychosine was produced anabolically by the addition of galactose to sphingosine. We show here instead that psychosine is derived from the catabolic deacylation of galactosylceramide by the lysososomal enzyme acid ceramidase. These findings allow us to test and confirm the ∼45-y-old “psychosine hypothesis,” which states that psychosine causes the pathological and clinical signs of Krabbe disease. Finally, these data suggest that acid ceramidase could be a substrate reduction target for treating Krabbe disease. We show that pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase significantly increases the life span of the twitcher mouse, an authentic murine model of Krabbe disease.
Pre‐exercise hypohydration prevalence in soccer players: A quantitative systematic review.
Authors: Chapelle L. , Tassignon B. , Rommers N. , Mertens E. , Mullie P. , Clarys P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPre‐exercise hypohydration can impair soccer performance and has been extensively studied in different soccer populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to report hypohydration prevalence, measured by blood or urine samples, in different soccer populations based on sex (males and females), performance level (professional and recreational players) and context (training sessions and games). The Pubmed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases were systematically searched until November 2018. Data were pooled to compare hypohydration prevalence between the different subgroups. Following the systematic search selection process, 24 studies were included. The results indicated that overall pre‐exercise hypohydration prevalence was 63.3%, 37.4% and 58.8% for urine specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (U Osm) and urine colour, respectively. Furthermore, no study implemented blood samples to examine hypohydration prevalence in soccer players. The subgroup analyses using USG data indicated that pre‐exercise hypohydration prevalence was significantly higher amongst males (66.0%; p = 0.001), professional soccer players (66.2%; p = 0.020) and before a training session (79.6%; p < 0.001). Pre‐exercise hypohydration prevalence was 46.8% among female soccer players, 55.6% in recreational soccer players and 41,3% before a game. The subgroup analyses using U Osm data indicated that hypohydration prevalence was significantly higher before a training session (52.6%; p = 0.023). Based on these results, it can be concluded that hypohydration prevalence in soccer players is of major concern. Future research should explore how pre‐exercise hydration status can be improved in a sustainable way.