bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prokaryotic and viral community structure in the singular chaotropic salt lake Salar de Uyuni
Authors: Ramos‐Barbero María Dolores , Martínez José M. , Almansa Cristina , Rodríguez Nuria , Villamor Judith , Gomariz María , Escudero Cristina , Rubin Sergio dC , Antón Josefa , Martínez‐García Manuel , Amils Ricardo 
Published: February 2019

SummarySalar de Uyuni (SdU) is the largest hypersaline salt flat and the highest lithium reservoir on Earth. In addition to extreme temperatures and high UV irradiance, SdU has high concentrations of chaotropic salts which can be important factors in controlling microbial diversity. Here, for the first time we characterize the viral diversity of this hypersaline environment during the two seasons, as well as the physicochemical characteristics and the prokaryotic communities of the analysed samples. Most of the selected samples showed a peculiar physicochemical composition and prokaryotic diversity, mostly different from each other even for samples from locations in close proximity or the same season. In contrast to most hypersaline systems Bacteria frequently outnumbered Archaea. Furthermore, an outstanding percentage of members of Salinibacter sp., likely a species different from the cosmopolitan Salinibacter ruber, was obtained in most of the samples. Viral communities displayed the morphologies normally found in hypersaline environments. Two seasonal samples were chosen for a detailed metagenomic analysis of the viral assemblage. Both viral communities shared common sequences but were dominated by sample‐specific viruses, mirroring the differences also observed in physicochemical and prokaryotic community composition. These metaviromes were distinct from those detected in other hypersaline systems analysed to date.
Long‐term fertilization regimes change soil nitrification potential by impacting active autotrophic ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers as assessed by DNA stable isotope probing
Authors: Kong Yali , Ling Ning , Xue Chao , Chen Huan , Ruan Yang , Guo Junjie , Zhu Chen , Wang Min , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei 
Published: February 2019

SummaryChemoautotrophic ammonia‐oxidizers and nitrite‐oxidizers are responsible for a significant amount of soil nitrate production. The identity and composition of these active nitrifiers in soils under different long‐term fertilization regimes remain largely under‐investigated. Based on that soil nitrification potential significantly decreased in soils with chemical fertilization (CF) and increased in soils with organic fertilization (OF), a microcosm experiment with DNA stable isotope probing was further conducted to clarify the active nitrifiers. Both ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) were found to actively respond to urea addition in soils with OF and no fertilizer (CK), whereas only AOB were detected in soils with CF. Around 98% of active AOB were Nitrosospira cluster 3a.1 in all tested soils, and more than 90% of active AOA were Nitrososphaera subcluster 1.1 in unfertilized and organically fertilized soils. Nitrite oxidation was performed only by Nitrospira‐like bacteria in all soils. The relative abundances of Nitrospira lineage I and VI were 32% and 61%, respectively, in unfertilized soils, and that of Nitrospira lineage II was 97% in fertilized soils, indicating long‐term fertilization shifted the composition of active Nitrospira‐like bacteria in response to urea. This finding indicates that different fertilizer regimes impact the composition of active nitrifiers, thus, impacting soil nitrification potential.
Dietary polysaccharides: fermentation potentials of a primitive gut ecosystem
Authors: Zeibich Lydia , Schmidt Oliver , Drake Harold L. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe alimentary canal of the earthworm is representative of primitive gut ecosystems, and gut fermenters capable of degrading ingested biomass‐derived polysaccharides might contribute to the environmental impact and survival of this terrestrial invertebrate. Thus, this study evaluated the postulation that gut microbiota of the model earthworm Lumbricus terrestris ferment diverse biomass‐derived polysaccharides. Structural polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose, chitin) had marginal impact on fermentation in anoxic gut content treatments. In contrast, nonstructural polysaccharides (e.g. starch, glycogen) greatly stimulated (a) the formation of diverse fermentation products (e.g. H2, ethanol, fatty acids) and (b) the facultatively fermentative families Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Despite these contrasting results with different polysaccharides, most saccharides derived from these biopolymers (e.g. glucose, N‐acetylglucosamine) greatly stimulated fermentation, yielding 16S rRNA gene‐based signatures of Aeromonadaceae‐, Enterobacteriaceae‐ and Fusobacteriaceae‐affiliated phylotypes. Roots and litter are dietary substrates of the earthworm, and as proof‐of‐principle, gut‐associated fermenters responded rapidly to root‐ and litter‐derived nutrients including saccharides. These findings suggest that (a) hydrolysis of certain ingested structural polysaccharides may be a limiting factor in the ability of gut fermenters to utilize them and (b) nonstructural polysaccharides of disrupted biomass are subject to rapid fermentation by gut microbes and yield fatty acids that can be utilized by the earthworm.
Governance Considerations for Seeker–Solver Relationships: A Knowledge‐Based Perspective in Crowdsourcing for Innovation Contests
Authors: Piazza Mariangela , Mazzola Erica , Acur Nuran , Perrone Giovanni 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe need to solve innovation problems and insource knowledge has led to an increasing number of organizations engaging in crowdsourcing activities and subsequently establishing working relationships with winning solution providers. Using a knowledge‐based view and the problem‐solving perspective, we develop a theoretical framework suggesting how specific innovation problem attributes (i.e. the decomposability, formulation and search space of the problem) influence the governance decision (unilateral vs. bilateral) of seekers to manage the relationship with winning solvers. We empirically analyse the framework using 582 challenges broadcast on the NineSigma crowdsourcing platform. Our results indicate that problem attributes – the formulation and search space of the problem – have a positive effect on seekers’ preference towards unilateral governance structures. However, we did not find any empirical confirmation of the effect that the decomposability of the innovation problem has on seekers’ preference towards unilateral governance structures. This study offers several contributions to the crowdsourcing literature, and also has important implications for managers of organizations aiming to insource knowledge through crowdsourcing for innovation contests.
Beyond the Matrix: Visual Methods for Qualitative Network Research
Authors: Jaspersen Lena J. , Stein Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNetwork research remains dominated by approaches involving the analysis of numerical data stored in data matrices with the aim of identifying the effects of hidden social structures. While such research has advanced our understanding of social networks at the inter‐personal, inter‐unit and inter‐organizational level, repeated calls have been made for network research to attend to the situated meanings attached to both relationships and network structures. In this article, we advance a nascent literature on qualitative methods for social network analysis by drawing together developments in visual network research from across the social sciences. We introduce a typology of three visual methods for the collection of network data using network maps: participatory network mapping, network map interviews and visual network surveys. Drawing on three empirical examples from our research in the inter‐organizational domain, we demonstrate how these methods can be used for the collection of qualitative and quantitative relational data, and how they can be triangulated with other qualitative methods and social network analysis. We evaluate the merits and limitations of the methods presented and conclude that visual network research is a useful addition to existing methods for network research in business and management studies.
Fermentation Improves the Preventive Effect of Soybean Against Bone Loss in Senescence‐Accelerated Mouse Prone 6
Authors: Nirmala Farida Sukma , Lee Hyunjung , Kim Ji‐Sun , Jung Chang Hwa , Ha Tae‐Youl , Jang Young Jin , Ahn Jiyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOsteopenia is a preclinical phase of osteoporosis, it occurs naturally with aging and increases the risk of bone fractures in elderly males. Previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of soybean on preventing bone loss due to its isoflavone contents. Fermentation alters the soybean isoflavone contents, that is, isoflavone glucosides is hydrolyzed into aglycones. However, it is not clear how these alterations influences the preventive effect of soybean on bone loss. In this study, we fed senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), a model of senile osteopenia, with an equal dosage of nonfermented soybean (NS) or fermented soybean, Doenjang (DJ) for 18 weeks. Mice supplemented with DJ showed 1.13‐fold higher bone densities and 1.06‐fold longer relative bone lengths than those of osteopenic SAMP6 mice old control (OC), while NS‐supplemented mice showed no significant improvement. Supplementation with DJ effectively prevented bone loss in the osteopenia model by the improvement of bone formation and reduction of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we discovered that DJ increased osteogenesis in SAMP6 mice via BMP2‐Smad‐Runx2 signaling. These results suggest that the fermentation process could enhance bone loss prevention by soybean and dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans may be beneficial for bone health.Practical ApplicationSoybean fermentation improved the preventive effects of soybean on bone loss. Therefore, the consumption of fermented soybean, Doenjang, is a potential alternative for aging‐related bone loss therapy.
Kaempferia parviflora Ethanol Extract, a Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ Ligand‐binding Agonist, Improves Glucose Tolerance and Suppresses Fat Accumulation in Diabetic NSY Mice
Authors: Ochiai Masaru , Takeuchi Toshiki , Nozaki Tsutomu , Ishihara Ken‐o , Matsuo Tatsuhiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of Kaempferia parviflora, also known as black ginger (BG), and its ethanol extract (BGE) on peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonistic activity, glucose tolerance, fat accumulation, and lipids‐induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice. PPARγ ligand‐binding capacity in vitro and polymethoxy flavone contents were highly observed in organic solvent extracts. In an animal experiment A, male diabetic Nagoya‐Shibata‐Yasuda mice were divided into five dietary groups and fed each diet for 8 weeks: AIN‐93G diet (low‐fat [LF] diet), high‐fat (HF) diet, HF diet supplemented with 1% BG, HF diet supplemented with 0.19% BGE, and HF diet supplemented with pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, 3 mg/kg/day) as a PPARγ agonistic positive control. As determined from glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma glucose levels were improved in the BG and BGE groups. The BGE extract suppressed fat accumulation in adipose tissues, liver, and muscles without changing the plasma adiponectin level. In an animal experiment B, in order to investigate the effect of BG and BGE on lipid‐induced hypertriglyceridemia, male ddY mice were divided into three test groups: control, BG‐administered group (500 mg/kg), and BGE‐administered group (100 mg/kg). The plasma triacylglycerol level was not different among the groups during the lipids administration test. These results conclude that the BGE extract containing several kinds of polymethoxy flavones showed PPARγ ligand‐binding capacity in vitro and prevented obesity and insulin resistance independent of adiponectin secretion in mice.Practical ApplicationKaempferia parviflora, also known as black ginger (BG), is often used as a folk medicine and a functional food material to prevent metabolic syndrome mainly in Asian regions. Here, we have clarified that ethanol extract from BG (BGE) contains several kinds of polymethoxy flavones to show PPARγ ligand‐binding capacity and is an active extract for the improvement of obesity and insulin resistance. The BGE is expected to be applied for functional food materials in health food markets. Also, polymethoxy flavones to show PPARγ ligand‐binding capacity can be generally applied as a physiological active compound of functional food supplements.
Hospitalization of children after prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance therapy during pregnancy: a national registry study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Skurtveit Svetlana , Nechanská Blanka , Handal Marte , Mahic Milada , Mravčík Viktor , Gabrhelík Roman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsOur understanding of the long‐term safety of prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is insufficient. We compared childhood morbidity (0–3 years) between OMT‐exposed and relevant comparison groups.DesignNation‐wide, registry‐based cohort study. Registries on reproductive health, addiction treatment, hospitalization and death were linked using identification numbers.SettingThe Czech Republic (2000–14).ParticipantsChildren with different prenatal exposure: (i) mother in OMT during pregnancy (OMT; n = 218), (ii) mother discontinued OMT before pregnancy (OMT‐D; n = 55), (iii) mother with opioid use disorder, but not in OMT during pregnancy (OUD; n = 85) and (iv) mother in the general population (GP) (n = 1 238 452)MeasurementsEpisodes of hospitalization were observed as outcomes. Information on in‐patient contacts, length of stay and diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases version 10) were assessed. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between OMT exposure and the outcomes, crude and adjusted for the socio‐economic status and smoking.FindingsNo significant differences were found in the overall proportion of hospitalization among OMT‐exposed children, children of OMT‐D and children of women with OUD [54.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3–60.1%; 47.3%, 95% CI = 33.9–61.1%; 51.8%, 95% CI = 40.7%–62.6%], while the proportion was significantly lower (35.8%, 95% CI = 35.7–35.8%) in the GP. There were no significant differences in risk of specific diagnoses between OMT‐exposed children, children of OMT‐D and children of women with OUD. In the adjusted analyses, differences between OMT‐exposed and children in the GP were still present for infections and parasitic diseases (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.7), diseases of the digestive system (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.6) and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–3.2).ConclusionThis study did not find clear evidence for an increase in risk of morbidity during the first 3 years of life in children with prenatal opioid maintenance treatment exposure compared with children of women who discontinued such treatment before pregnancy or suffered from opioid use disorder without this treatment. Compared the general population, there appears to be an increased risk of hospitalizations for infectious, gastrointestinal and skin diseases.
Effective genetic markers for identifying the Escherichia coli F4ac receptor status of pigs
Authors: Hu D. , Rampoldi A. , Bratus‐Neuenschwander A. , Hofer A. , Bertschinger H. U. , Vögeli P. , Neuenschwander S. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe F4ac receptor locus (F4acR), which encodes susceptibility or resistance to Escherichia coli diarrhoea, is inherited as an autosomal recessive monogenetic trait. F4acR is localized on pig chromosome 13 (SSC13q41–q44) near the MUC13 gene. Two flanking markers (CHCF1 and ALGA0106330) with a high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with F4acR were found to be effective for the genetic identification of F4ac‐resistant pigs in the Swiss Large White breed (one recombinant out of 2034 genotyped pigs). Three recombinant boars, one each from the Duroc, Swiss Landrace and Piétrain breeds, were genotyped with seven different markers and phenotyped by means of a microscopic adhesion test. Only ALGA0072075, CHCF1 and CHCF3 indicated the correct phenotype. To test the effect of the resistance allele on production traits, 530 Large White pigs from the national test station were investigated. A significant difference existed among the F4acR locus genotypes in the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle, whereas no other production traits were influenced by the resistance allele. The frequency of the CHCF1‐C and ALGA0106330‐A alleles associated with resistance in the Swiss Large White population was 60%, which is advantageous for implementing this trait in a breeding programme to select for E. coli F4ac‐resistant animals. The selection of resistant pigs should start on the male side due to the inability of resistant sows to produce sufficient amounts of protecting antibodies in the colostrum. Selection of genetically F4ac‐resistant pigs is a sustainable and suitable alternative to decreasing animal loss and antibiotic use due to diarrhoea.
Is induction of labor a reasonable option for breech presentation?
Authors: Gaillard Thomas , Girault Aude , Alexander Sophie , Goffinet François , Le Ray Camille 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionWhereas spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal delivery for breech presentation is considered to be a safe and effective option in selected cases, the safety of induction of labor is not established yet. The objectives of this study were to describe the outcomes of pregnancy in women induced with a fetus in breech presentation and compare the outcomes with those undergoing planned cesarean delivery.Material and methodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the observational prospective multicenter PREMODA study, including all singleton breech deliveries after 37 weeks in 174 centers in France and Belgium. We excluded women with spontaneous onset of labor, scarred uterus or intrauterine fetal death. Our study population consisted of women with either induction of labor or planned cesarean delivery. The primary outcome was the composite criteria of neonatal mortality and serious morbidity used in the Term Breech Trial and in the PREMODA prospective cohort.ResultsOur study population consisted of 4138 women, 218 with induction of labor and 3920 with planned cesarean. Two‐thirds (67.4%) of the women in the induction of labor group delivered vaginally. There was no significant difference between the groups for the primary outcome (48 [1.2%] in the planned cesarean group vs 3 [1.4%] in the induction of labor group, P = 0.75). Moreover, none of the criteria of the composite primary outcome was significantly more frequent in the induction of labor group.ConclusionsInduction of labor for breech presentation does not seem to increase neonatal mortality or severe neonatal morbidity compared with planned cesarean delivery.
A prospective study of women and girls undergoing fertility preservation due to oncologic and non‐oncologic indications in Sweden–Trends in patients’ choices and benefit of the chosen methods after long‐term follow up
Authors: Rodriguez‐Wallberg Kenny A. , Marklund Anna , Lundberg Frida , Wikander Ida , Milenkovic Milan , Anastacio Amandine , Sergouniotis Fotios , Wånggren Kjell , Ekengren Jeanette , Lind Tekla , Borgström Birgit 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn Scandinavian countries, programs for fertility preservation are offered free of charge at tertiary‐care university hospitals to all patients facing treatments with risk of subsequent sterility. In this prospective study we aimed to investigate trends in female patients’ choices after counseling and fertility preservation outcomes during follow up in relation to benign vs malignant indications.Material and methodsData on 1254 females including 1076 adults and 178 girls who received fertility preservation counseling for either oncologic (n = 852) or benign indications (n = 402) at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, between 1 October 1998 and 1 December 2018 were analyzed. As appropriate, t tests and chi‐square tests were used to compare groups. Logistic regression was used to compare outcomes among groups depending on indications.ResultsAdult women generally elected to undergo oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian stimulation for cryopreservation of embryos or oocytes (n = 538, 73%), whereas a minor proportion opted for cryopreservation of ovarian tissue retrieved through laparoscopy (n = 221, 27%). More than half of the women with a partner chose either not to fertilize their oocytes aiming at cryopreservation of oocytes or to share obtained oocytes attempting both cryopreservation of oocytes and cryopreservation of embryos. All pre‐pubertal (n = 48) and 73% of post‐pubertal girls (n = 66) elected cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. In recent years, an increasing number of teenagers have opted for controlled ovarian stimulation aiming at cryopreservation of oocytes, either before (n = 24, 17%) or after completion of cancer treatment (n = 15, 10%). During follow up, 27% of the women returned for a new reproductive counseling, additional fertility preservation or to attempt pregnancy. Utilization rates among individuals who were alive and of childbearing age by December 2018 indicated 29%, 8% and 5% for embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue with live birth rates of 54%, 46% and 7%, respectively. Women with benign indications were significantly younger than women with previous malignant indications at the time of attempting pregnancy. Although the pregnancy rates were similar among both groups, the live birth rate was significantly higher in women with benign vs previous malignant indications (47% vs 21%, P = .002).ConclusionsTrends in fertility preservation choices have changed over time. Women with previous malignancy had lower live birth rates than women with benign fertility preservation indications.
The psychological importance of fertility preservation counseling and support for cancer patients
Authors: Logan Shanna , Anazodo Antoinette 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfertility associated with cancer can have significant psychological impacts for cancer patients and survivors, necessitating appropriate fertility‐related psychological support. This literature review details the psychological impact of infertility in cancer patients and survivors, and discusses fertility counseling as described in current international guidelines; as either the provision of fertility information or psychosocial support. Fertility counseling has a role in assisting with fertility treatment decision‐making, but also in supporting patients with the emotional distress associated with potential infertility at the time of cancer diagnosis, and infertility in survivorship. The necessity of psychological support for fertility patients is outlined, alongside recommendations for adolescent and young adult patients, and family members of cancer patients involved in fertility and oncological care. Moving forward, clear guidelines for fertility counseling of cancer patients in the context of fertility preservation may be beneficial, in removing ambiguity as to whom conducts counseling, what counseling involves, and what level of psychosocial support may be most effective in supporting cancer patients longitudinally.