bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Carcinoma Manifesting as Recurrent Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Villalon Ma. Melizza S. , Ureta Celso V. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present a rare case of primary parathyroid carcinoma and discuss its clinical findings and management.
Methods:
Study Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Patient: One
Results: A 54-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of recurrent nephrolithiasis despite several courses of shock wave lithotripsy. She had persistent hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone levels were noted to be elevated. Neck ultrasound showed a hypoechoic solid nodule measuring approximately 1.7 x 1.6 cm in the lateral inferoposterior aspect of the left thyroid lobe. Parathyroid scintigraphy revealed a focal uptake on the left lower thyroidal bed. The patient underwent left inferior parathyroidectomy with subtotal thyroidectomy and isthmusectomy Frozen section reported a parathyroid tumor and the final histopathologic results revealed a parathyroid carcinoma.
Conclusion: A rare case of parathyroid carcinoma was presented, manifesting with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Elevated serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) can confirm a primary hyperparathyroid problem. Neck ultrasound and parathyroid scintigraphy help in the localization of a parathyroid tumor. Only final histopathologic results can confirm the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice and offers a good prognosis.
Keywords: Parathyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism
An Impacted Live Fish in the Oropharynx of an 8-year old Child
Authors: Joson Soraya N. , Almazan Natividad A. , Cruz Melanie Grace Y. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present an atypical case of a live fish lodged in the throat of a pediatric patient and discuss its management.
Methods:
Study Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Subject: One

Results: An 8-year-old girl swallowed a live fish when she accidentally fell in a body of water. Failed attempts to remove the live fish prompted consult in the emergency room of our hospital, where removal of the foreign body was successfully done using Mixter right angle forceps assisted with a gloved finger. Transient cyanosis and unresponsiveness during extraction was overcome with oxygen by mask, and she regained consciousness. She was allowed to go home as no other untoward events or complications were observed.
Conclusion: All ingested foreign bodies, particularly in children, require immediate attention. The survival of patients with upper aerodigestive and airway foreign bodies depends on early recognition and prompt multidisciplinary management.
Keywords: Foreign body, endoscopy, foreign body ingestion, impaction, oropharynx
Inverted Papilloma of the Middle Ear presenting as an Aural Polyp
Authors: Caro Dann Joel C. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present a rare case of inverted papilloma of the middle ear in a 77-year old man presenting with an external auditory canal polyp of the right ear.
Methods
Study Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital
Patient: One (1)
Results: A 77-year old man presenting with external auditory canal mass underwent tympanoplasty with canal wall down mastoidectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed inverted papilloma.
Conclusion: With only 30 cases reported in the literature, inverted papilloma of the middle ear is a rare disease entity that may mimic other benign conditions such as cholesteatoma. It requires further investigation to devise a rational approach to diagnosis and management. Regular post-operative monitoring is essential due to high recurrence and malignant transformation rate, while post-operative radiotherapy remains controversial and requires further investigation.

Keywords: Inverted papilloma, cholesteatoma, middle ear
20 años de evolución de la desigualdad de ingresos en Ecuador
Authors: Morán Chiquito Diana 
Published: April 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de la evolución de los factores que deter- minan la desigualdad de la distribución del ingreso en la economía ecuatoriana. Con este fin, se hace un examen de las variables que tienen un impacto importante sobre la dinámica de la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso, a saber, el nivel de escolaridad, el gasto social y la heterogeneidad estructural.
Tracing a Journey of Curriculum Redesign in Education
Authors: Britt Judy , Ferguson Christine , Vare Jonatha 
Published: April 2019

The phrase “Are we there yet?” is used by travelers, often children who pose the question to gauge the distance and time remaining in a trip. How far have we traveled? How much longer will it be until we arrive at our destination? This article describes curriculum redesign for our early childhood and elementary education programs at Winthrop University in South Carolina. The details of this journey offer a roadmap of the program revision process that we encountered in our efforts to work toward continuous improvement in teacher education. By working with program faculty from within our college as well as faculty from the College of Arts and Sciences we accomplished our goals for curriculum redesign. As we enter the final phase of this 2-year endeavor, our writing documents the process that we encountered to achieve this goal.
A Co-Requisite Model for Developmental Mathematics
Authors: Atkins Charlene , McCoy Ann 
Published: April 2019

The traditional mathematics pre-requisite model creates obstacles for pre-service educators by increasing the number of semesters to graduation. Extended time results in additional financial burdens for students in developmental courses along with increased risk of student drop out. Education majors, with little or no room for electives in their programs of study, have been particularly impacted. The pilot of a co-requisite model, involving the collaboration of two academic departments, has proven successful in enhancing students’ academic achievement while addressing social and emotional needs of students.
“IT’S OVER 9000.” APEIRON NARRATIVE CONFIGURATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIASCAPE
Authors: Cassone Vincenzo Idone 
Published: April 2019

Recently, a peculiar narrative configuration has developed and is spreading through the internet culture and new media. Characterised by a specific representation of the individual growth process, Apeiron narratives find their origin in pen & paper role-playing games, but it is only after the development of digital games and the diffusion of the Japanese cultural codex through the contemporary mediascape that they have become a coherent, autonomous and viral phenomenon.
In the following pages, this narrative configuration will be described through a series of paradigmatic examples; its roots will be traced back to the peculiar traits of role-playing games, and the importance of recent digital adaptation will be highlighted. Finally, I will describe its diffusion beyond the domain of fictional text, hinting at possible environments for its diffusion.
ACTITUDES, CONOCIMIENTOS Y PRÁCTICAS DE MADRES DE NIÑOS EN EDAD PREESCOLAR FRENTE A LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE SUS HIJOS, UN ACERCAMIENTO A LA REALIDAD DE LA COMUNA 9 DE ARMENIA (QUINDÍO)
Authors: Arias Pérez Sebastian , Ramírez Soler Ángela María , Valencia Burbano Jennifer Paola , Villa Encizo Leidy Geraldine , Londoño Buriticá Diana Patricia , Gómez Santos Cesar Augusto 
Published: April 2019

Los niños requieren cuidado permanente. A medida que éstos van creciendo, adquieren las bases para generar sus propios hábitos saludables. Generalmente la madre como cuidadora principal, es quien se encarga de fortalecer y afianzar en sus hijos, aspectos relacionados con la forma adecuada de alimentarse.
El presente documento da cuenta de los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa de corte transversal, que tuvo como objetivo la descripción de los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas de las madres frente a la alimenta­ción de sus hijos en edad preescolar, en la comuna 9 de la ciudad de Armenia, Quindío. Utilizó un muestreo inten­cional y un instrumento de recolección de información tipo CAP (Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas) diseñado por los autores y aplicado a 50 mujeres con edades que oscilaron entre los 18 y 54 años, previa aplicación de prueba piloto y firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los participantes. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la utilización del programa Excel para procesar datos, versión 2010 de Microsoft. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a los datos recabados.
Dentro de los principales hallazgos se evidenció que las madres reconocen el concepto de alimentación saludable y logran identificar los grupos de alimentos más importantes en la dieta de sus hijos. Frente a las actitudes, las mujeres encuestadas se muestran indiferentes y evidencian prácticas alimentarias deficientes.
La literatura actual sobre la temática, es limitada; sin embargo, los hallazgos del presente estudio, se contrastaron con reportes de investigaciones nacionales e internacionales.
La resolución de problemas como estrategia de desarrollo profesional docente: tensiones que se generan en el profesor
Authors: Perdomo-Díaz Josefa , Rojas Cristóbal , Felmer Patricio Luis 
Published: April 2019

Los programas de desarrollo profesional docente tienen como objetivo generar cambios en los profesores, en sus conocimientos, sus creencias o sus prácticas. Para que esos cambios se produzcan, la experiencia vivida en el programa de desarrollo profesional debe provocar que el profesor se cuestione aspectos relacionados con su profesión. En este artículo presentamos una estrategia de desarrollo profesional para profesores de matemática de todos los niveles educativos, centrada en el uso de la resolución de problemas, y mostramos un análisis de las tensiones que este tipo de estrategia provoca en los profesores participantes. Para ello se realiza el estudio de un caso, correspondientea un taller denominado RPAula, realizado en Chile, con profesores de educación básica. Los resultados muestran que la participación en este taller provoca tensiones relacionadas con las expectativas que los profesores tienen hacia sus estudiantes, sus creencias acerca de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y sus modelos de enseñanza de la matemática.
Teacher professional development programs aim to generate changes in teachers, in their knowledge, beliefs or practices. For these changes to occur, the professional development experience should cause the teacher to question aspects related to his/her profession. In this article, we present a problem-solving-based professional development strategy for mathematics teachers and we offer an analysis of the tensions which emerged. To do this, we carried out a case study based on a workshop called RPAula that took place in Chile with elementary teachers. The results show that participation in this workshop causes tensions related to teachers’ expectations about their students, their beliefs about teaching and learning, and their models of mathematics teaching.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants
Authors: Miao Li , Qin Xing , Gao Lihong , Li Qing , Li Shuzhen , He Chaoxing , Li Yansu , Yu Xianchang 
Published: April 2019

Background
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a commonly used high-throughput technique to measure mRNA transcript levels. The accuracy of this evaluation of gene expression depends on the use of optimal reference genes. Cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, made by grafting a cucumber scion onto pumpkin rootstock, are superior to either parent plant, as grafting conveys many advantages. However, although many reliable reference genes have been identified in both cucumber and pumpkin, none have been obtained for cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants.

Methods
In this work, 12 candidate reference genes, including eight traditional genes and four novel genes identified from our transcriptome data, were selected to assess their expression stability. Their expression levels in 25 samples, including three cucumber and three pumpkin samples from different organs, and 19 cucumber–pumpkin grafted samples from different organs, conditions, and varieties, were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the stability of their expression was assessed by the comparative ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder.

Results
The results showed that the most suitable reference gene varied dependent on the organs, conditions, and varieties. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable reference genes for all samples in our research. TIP41 and CACS showed the most stable expression in different cucumber organs, TIP41 and PP2A were the optimal reference genes in pumpkin organs, and CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable genes in all grafted cucumber samples. However, the optimal reference gene varied under different conditions. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the best combination of genes in different organs of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, TUA and RPL36Aa were the most stable in the graft union under cold stress, LEA26 and ARF showed the most stable expression in the graft union during the healing process, and TIP41 and PP2A were the most stable across different varieties of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants. The use of LEA26, ARF and LEA26+ARF as reference genes were further verified by analyzing the expression levels of csaCYCD3;1, csaRUL, cmoRUL, and cmoPIN in the graft union at different time points after grafting.

Discussion
This work is the first report of appropriate reference genes in grafted cucumber plants and provides useful information for the study of gene expression and molecular mechanisms in cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants.
Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Negative Colonoscopy Screening Results
Authors: Knudsen Markus Dines , Wang Kai , Wang Liang , Polychronidis Georgios , Berstad Paula , Hjartåker Anette , Fang Zhe , Ogino Shuji , Chan Andrew T. , Song Mingyang 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe current recommendation for a 10-year rescreening interval after a negative colonoscopy screening (NCS) result has been questioned, with some studies showing a persistently lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after NCS results.ObjectiveTo examine long-term CRC incidence and mortality after NCS results (ie, no presence of CRC or polyps) and according to a risk score based on major demographic and lifestyle risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, 3 prospective US population–based cohorts from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up from 1988 and 1991 to 2020. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, cycle were used to compare the risk profile distribution with that of the general US population. Data analysis was performed from October 2023 to August 2024.ExposuresTime-varying status of NCS results and risk score.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for incidence and mortality of CRC.ResultsA total of 195 453 participants (median [IQR] age, 44 [37-56] years at baseline; 81% female) were followed up for a median (IQR) of 12 (6-20) years. Among 81 151 individuals with NCS results and 114 302 without endoscopy, 394 and 2229 CRC cases and 167 and 637 CRC deaths, respectively, were documented. Negative colonoscopy screening results were consistently associated with lower CRC incidence (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.58) and mortality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46-0.70) for 20 years. Among individuals with NCS results, those with an intermediate risk (scores, 6-7) and low risk (scores, 0-5) did not reach the 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC (0.78%) of the high-risk individuals (scores, 8-12) until 16 and 25 years after initial screening, respectively.Conclusion and RelevanceThese findings provide evidence for shared decision-making between patients and physicians to consider extending the rescreening intervals after an NCS result beyond the currently recommended 10 years, particularly for individuals with a low-risk profile. These results showed, as a proof of concepts, the importance of considering known CRC risk factors when making decisions for colonoscopy rescreening.
Polygenic Score for Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Sophie , Zheng Guibin , Xu Li , Goswami Maitrayee , Zafereo Mark E. , Sherman Steven I. , Li Guojun , Sturgis Erich M. , Wang Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceGenome-wide association studies have identified germline variants associated with the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that can be used to construct a polygenic score (PGS). It is important to determine whether patients with higher germline genetic risk, as summarized using PGS, present with more aggressive disease and/or develop worse clinical outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess whether germline risk defined by PGS is associated with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes for patients with PTC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with newly diagnosed PTC who presented to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for treatment between 1999 and 2014, with a median follow-up of 12 years. Data were analyzed from December 2023 to April 2024.ExposureGermline risk, as defined by PGS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGenomic DNA was extracted from buffy coat cells isolated from peripheral blood samples, and genotyping for germline polymorphisms was performed. Germline risk for PTC was estimated with a previously validated PGS calculated from 10 single-nucleotide variations identified through genome-wide association studies. Stage; PTC-specific survival, defined as the time from PTC diagnosis to death caused by PTC; and overall survival, defined as the time from PTC diagnosis to death by any cause, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 366 patients were included in the study (261 women [71.3%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 44.3 [13.8] years). There was a statistically significant association between higher PGS and multifocality (β [SE], 0.40 [0.23]; P = .045) and cervical lymph node involvement (N stage) (β [SE], 0.62 [0.35]; P = .009) at diagnosis. PGS was associated with PTC-specific survival (hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.03-6.85; P = .04), but this association was not independent of age and overall stage. There was not a statistically significant association between PGS and overall survival.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this cohort study suggest that patients with a higher germline risk of PTC, as estimated by PGS, present with more aggressive clinicopathologic features. These results contribute to the current understanding of inherited risk in PTC and how germline variants could potentially contribute to disease presentation and clinical outcomes.
Axial Spondyloarthritis in Black Americans: An Observational Study From Five Centers in Shelby County, Tennessee
Authors: Kommineni Krishna , Abutineh Iman , Chapman Cathy , Pattanaik Debendra , Bittar Mohamad 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an immune‐mediated disease that predominantly affects the axial skeleton. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of axSpA in Black Americans in Shelby County. We also aimed to report diagnostic delays, disease severity, and health disparities in this population.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study in which electronic records of patients with axSpA were reviewed across five centers in Shelby County. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and imaging were collected. The frequency was reported. Two‐group comparisons were done using the chi‐square test and two‐sample t‐test. Multivariable logistic and linear regression methods were used to compare sacroiliitis grades and delay in diagnosis, respectively, after adjusting for confounders.ResultsBlack Americans constituted 32% (n = 78) of the 244 patients with axSpA identified. Black Americans had significantly more hip involvement, more elevations in C‐reactive protein, less HLA–B27 positivity, and less family history positivity when compared with White patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and HLA–B27, Black Americans had twice as higher odds of having advanced grades of sacroiliitis on x‐rays compared to White Americans (odds ratio 2.32 [95% confidence interval 1.23–4.44]). AxSpA was associated with significant diagnostic delays in both races.ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with axSpA in Shelby County were Black Americans. The study identified that Black Americans have more odds of having advanced sacroiliitis on x‐rays, more hip involvement, and higher markers of inflammation. It also showed that, regardless of race or ethnicity, there is a significant diagnostic delay.
Mechanism of Action of Tongjiang Mixture for Treating Reflux Esophagitis: A Study Using Serum Pharmacochemistry and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Lu Yang , Yuzhen Huang , Yi Gu , Lili Wu , Yan Wang , Weiwei Tao , Wanli Liu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTongjiang Mixture (TJM) is a traditional Chinese formula for treating reflux esophagitis (RE). Nevertheless, its active ingredients and potential pharmacological mechanisms are not yet clearly elucidated. This study will identify the active ingredients of TJM using serum pharmacochemistry and to elucidate the mechanism on RE through network pharmacology. The blood‐borne ingredients of TJM are identified by the Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer. Subsequently, a “compound‐target‐disease” network is established and obtained core targets associated with TJM and RE. Then, the potential signaling pathways are forecasted through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the rat model of RE is established to verify the results predicted by network pharmacology through animal experiments. Fifteen blood‐borne ingredients of TJM are identified, with eight active ingredients‐namely Tangeretin, Tricin, Palmati, Berberine, Limonin, Evodiamine, Tetrahydropalmatine and Rutecarpine – making significant contributions to its efficacy. Moreover, TJM is predicted to act on 193 targets related to RE, involving AKT1, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, and other targets, which enriches mainly in PI3K/AKT /NF‐κB signaling. Additionally, TJM can alleviate inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, reduce pathological damage, and increase gastric pH. It can downregulate PI3K, AKT, and NF‐κB mRNA transcription levels and reduce the protein expression of PI3K, AKT, and NF‐κB. Furthermore, it can inhibit the overproduction of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17. TJM can alleviate immune‐inflammatory responses and ameliorate RE by restraining the PI3K/AKT pathway and its downstream NF‐κB.