bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Compact Deep Learning Approach Integrating Depthwise Convolutions and Spatial Attention for Plant Disease Classification
Authors: Batool Amreen , Gil Joon-Min , Byun Yung-Cheol 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Agriculture is a major sector that provides food to the growing worldpopulation, so improving crop yields from the disease is essential. Bac-terial, fungi and viral plant diseases significantly challenge high cropproductivity. Traditional methods of plant disease detection are time-consuming and require expert knowledge. Therefore, to ensure optimalcrop health and yield, advanced, efficient, and accurate methods areneeded to detect and classify plant diseases early and accurately. Thisreview article explores the recent advancements in vision-based machinelearning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for detecting plantleaf diseases. Specifically, the objective is to provide a detailed overviewof the current state-of-the-art methodologies, assess their effectiveness,and identify the role of critical datasets in facilitating these advance-ments. Additionally, the article highlights the potential of integratingemerging technologies, such as vision based models, to enhance diseasedetection systems’ capabilities. The review systematically examines var-ious ML and DL techniques for plant leaf disease detection, focusingon their application and performance. Techniques such as Convolu-tional Neural Networks (CNNs), which have shown high accuracy in disease identification, are discussed in depth. The importance of open-source databases, particularly PlantVillage, in training and validatingthese models is emphasized. The methodology also discusses integrat-ing advanced technologies and developing hybrid models that combinevision-based and language-based approaches to improve detection accu-racy and robustness. The analysis highlights the significant progressin applying ML and DL to plant leaf disease detection, showcasingseveral successful implementations and their outcomes. The reviewidentifies emerging trends that promise to enhance disease detectionsystems. It also critically assesses the strengths and limitations ofcurrent techniques, offering insights into potential improvements andfuture research directions. This comprehensive analysis highlights thecritical role of ML and DL in advancing plant disease detection, aim-ing to provide sustainable and scalable solutions for the agriculturalsector. The findings have significant implications for improving cropyields and ensuring food security for the growing global population.
A mixed methods study on user acceptability of STOP: a digital mental health intervention for paranoia.
Authors: Eid Laura , Kenny Alex , Jacobsen Pamela , Hsu Che-Wei , Yiend Jenny 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) is a technique to modify interpretation and used to reduce unhelpful negative biases. CBM-I has been extensively studied in anxiety disorders where interpretation bias has been shown to play a causal role in maintaining the condition. STOP (Successful Treatment of Paranoia) is a CBM-I digital smartphone app targeting interpretation bias in paranoia. It has been developed following research on the feasibility and acceptability of a computerized version. The current qualitative study extended that research by investigating the acceptability of STOP in individuals with paranoia. The study design and implementation were informed by the Evidence Standards Framework for Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) provided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).
Objective:
The aim of the study was to involve service users in the design, development and testing of the smartphone app STOP and understand the degree of satisfaction with the current product. We aimed to establish the extent to which STOP met the NICE minimum and best practice standards for DHTs, specifically its acceptability to intended end users.
Method:
Twelve participants experiencing mild to moderate levels of paranoia completed six weekly sessions of STOP before being invited to a feedback interview to share their experiences. Questions revolved around the acceptability of the application, perceived usefulness and barriers of the intervention as well as practicality and views around the use of a digital intervention in principle. Interviews were coded and analysed using the Framework analysis method to combine a deductive and inductive approach.
Results:
Framework analysis yielded six themes: STOP as an autonomous treatment; comparisons to other treatment options; the user experience of STOP (i.e. feelings towards and perceived usefulness of STOP); perceived impact on personal outcomes; design considerations (including recommendations for improvement); and therapeutic aspects of the core intervention.
Conclusions:
STOP is a broadly acceptable intervention that was positively received by most participants. The current study findings are in line with the NICE Evidence Standards Framework for DHTs in that intended end users were involved in the development, design and testing of STOP and were mostly satisfied with it. These findings will contribute to the further iterative development of this intervention targeting interpretation bias in paranoia.
Trial Registration: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17754650
The novel biomarker t6A accurately identified septic patients and animals in the early stage of the disease but failed to predict outcome
Authors: Osuchowski Marcin F. , Adamik Barbara , Gozdzik Waldemar , Skalec Tomasz , Mascher Daniel , Redl Heinz , Zipperle Johannes , Fritsch Gerhard , Voelckel Wolfgang , Winkler Martin S. , Moerer Onnen , Schütz Helmut , Mascher Hermann 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of sepsis at the ICU admission is burdened by uncertainty. There is a need for an accurate identification of patients with sepsis from those with non-infectious, e.g. post-surgical and random trauma. We tested diagnostic utility of a novel biomarker, nucleoside t6A (N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine) in animal sepsis models and in adult patients with sepsis compared to two different patient cohorts with elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and polytrauma.
Methods
We performed a multicenter retrospective comparative observational study in adult intensive care units (ICUs) at three university hospitals: 81 patients presenting to the ICU with sepsis; 81 patients after CABG (center 1), 64 patients with polytrauma (center 2; Injury Severity Score >15) and 49 patients with COVID-19 (center 3). All animal modeling was performed by a research institution (center 4).
Results
Circulating t6A measured by tandem mass spectrometry accurately identified patients with sepsis at the ICU admission when compared to CABG (AUC 95%) and polytrauma (AUC 97%) patients was superior to procalcitonin (PCT) with an AUC 88% (p<0.05) by ROC test. In identification of 49 COVID-19 patients at the ICU admission, t6A reached AUC of 88%. t6A was released to circulation approximately 6–8 h post-infection onset as demonstrated in the baboon E. coli septic shock and non-lethal abdominal sepsis mouse models. While PCT declined, t6A median concentration was constantly above the optimal ROC diagnostic threshold until day 10 post-admission. Both t6A (AUC 62%) and PCT (AUC 72%) poorly predicted sepsis outcome at-admission. There was no increase of t6A concentration in pig trauma. Compared to a normal human value, circulating t6A was of similar magnitude in the healthy baboon, pig, dog, rabbit, rat and mouse.
Conclusion
t6A was highly accurate in detecting sepsis at the ICU admission compared to surgical CABG and severe polytrauma patients. t6A rapid rise at the sepsis onset and its prolonged elevation makes t6A an apt marker for diagnosis of sepsis. Overall, t6A shows potential for a precise and early differentiation between septic and non-septic patients in the ICU.
Bulk-hole correspondence and inner robust boundary modes
in singular flatband lattices
Authors: Chen Zhigang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Topological entities based on bulk-boundary correspondence are ubiquitous, from conventional to higher-order topological insulators, where the protected states are typically localized at the outer boundaries (edges or corners). A less explored scenario involves protected states that are localized at the inner boundaries, sharing the same energy as the bulk states. Here, we propose and demonstrate what we refer to as the bulk-hole correspondence- a relation between the inner robust boundary modes (RBMs) and the existence of multiple "holes" in singular flatband lattices, mediated by the immovable discontinuity of the bulk Bloch wavefunctions. We find that the number of independent flatband states always equals the sum of the number of independent compact localized states and the number of nontrivial inner RBMs, as captured by the Betti number that also counts the hole number from topological data analysis. This correspondence is universal for singular flatband lattices, regardless of the lattice shape and the hole shape. Using laser-written Kagome lattices as a platform, we experimentally observe such inner RBMs, demonstrating their real-space topological nature and robustness. Our results may extend to other singular flatband systems beyond photonics, including non-Euclidean lattices, providing a new approach for understanding nontrivial flatband states and topology in hole-bearing lattice systems.
contribuição do ciclo do conhecimento e das redes de coprodução para o desenvolvimento de Cidades Humanas Inteligentes
Authors: Salm Vanessa Marie , Pacheco Roberto Carlos dos Santos 
Published: December 2024

Este estudo objetiva apresentar e discutir a contribuição do ciclo do conhecimento associado à coprodução dos serviços públicos como base sustentável para o desenvolvimento de cidades humanas inteligentes. Para tanto, associam-se dados secundários, originários de uma pesquisa sobre ciclo de conhecimento e coprodução dos serviços públicos, com os fundamentos teóricos e as características das cidades humanas inteligentes. Os achados revelam que a contribuição do ciclo do conhecimento associado à coprodução dos serviços públicos para a constituição de cidades humanas inteligentes eleva o nível de qualificação, coesão social, senso de pertencimento e a integração comunitária. As conclusões indicam que se relacionam características das cidades humanas inteligentes com o ciclo do conhecimento e a coprodução dos serviços públicos, enquanto estratégias de que pode fazer uso o administrador público para o desenvolvimento de cidades humanas inteligentes.
Numerical Study on the Liquefaction Potential Analysis Using Constitutive Models for Sand and Silt in Mamuju, West Sulawesi
Authors: Saputri Andini Nurlely Amelia Enggar , Ismanti Sito , Fathani Teuku Faisal 
Published: December 2024

Background
Sulawesi Island, located in the Eastern Indonesian archipelago, is known for its high seismic activity. In 2021, West Sulawesi experienced an earthquake with a mainshock of 6.2 MW, which resulted in liquefaction characterized by sand boil and lateral spreading at various locations, including near the North coast of Mamuju.

Objective
This study aims is to assess the potential for liquefaction at a nearshore location in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. The assessment focuses on the increase in pore water pressure in an area characterized by multiple layers of sand, silt, and clay soils.

Methods
Numerical analysis was conducted by modeling one-dimensional soil column using PM4Sand and PM4Silt constitutive models calibrated using PLAXIS 2D soil test feature with the Cyclic Direct Simple Shear (CDSS) test method. Furthermore, the study included spectral matching of the ground motion from the 2021 Mamuju earthquake to the spectral response at the research site as motion input.

Results
Analysis results indicate the potential for liquefaction in silty sand and sandy silt soils with sand-like behavior, as evidenced by an excess pore water pressure ratio exceeding 0.8. Meanwhile, sandy silt and sandy clay soils, with a plasticity index (PI) greater than 7, showed no liquefaction potential at a peak ground acceleration of 0.478 g.

Conclusion
In conclusion, soil relative density plays an important role in influencing pore water pressure and liquefaction susceptibility, which should be considered when planning and designing in earthquake-prone areas, shallow groundwater tables, sand, silt, and clay layers.
In-between Spaces: Unconventional Yet Essential Considerations for Defence and Security
Authors: Adlakha-Hutcheon Gitanjali 
Published: December 2024

Dr. Adlakha-Hutcheon discussed dualities between obvious pairs such as defence and security; science and technology; and the physical and virtual worlds and questioned at what point does one become the other? Whether these were truly distinct or continuums with messy middles. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the middle/liminal spaces between pairs in order to more effectively identify and address security threats. This is apparent when one takes the example of established/emerged and emerging technologies (AI and emergence of generative AI like Chat GPT). Technologies have different impact and implications based on the context of their use, for instance the extent of positive or negative disruption that ensues upon their use. Thus, to address complex problems, it is necessary to look for disruptors in “in-between” spaces.
Received: 10-08-2024
Revised: 11-02-2024
Understanding Membership in Alternative Health Social Media Groups and Its Association with COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Na Kilhoe , Zimdars Melissa , Cullinan Megan E 
Published: December 2024

Background
Social media platforms have become home to numerous alternative health groups where people share health information and scientifically unproven treatments. Individuals share not only health information but also health misinformation in alternative health groups on social media. Yet, little research has been carried out to understand members of these groups. This study aims to better understand various characteristics of members in alternative health groups and the association between membership and attitudes toward vaccination and COVID-19 and influenza vaccination–related behaviors.

Objective
This study aims to test hypotheses about different potential characteristics of members in alternative health groups and the association between membership and attitudes toward vaccination and vaccine-related behaviors.

Methods
A web-based cross-sectional survey (N=1050) was conducted. Participants were recruited from 19 alternative health social media groups and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. A total of 596 participants were members of alternative health groups and 454 were nonmembers of alternative health groups. Logistic regressions were performed to test the hypotheses about the relationship between membership and the variables of interest.

Results
Logistic regression revealed that there is a positive association between alternative health social media group membership and 3 personal characteristics: sharing trait (B=.83, SE=.11; P<.01; odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.85-2.86), fear of negative evaluations (B=.19, SE=.06; P<.001, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06-1.37), and conspiratorial mentality (B=.33, SE=.08; P<.01; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.65). Also, the results indicate that there is a negative association between membership and 2 characteristics: health literacy (B=–1.09, SE=.17; P<.001; OR .33, 95% CI 0.23-0.47) and attitudes toward vaccination (B=– 2.33, SE=.09; P=.02; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.95). However, there is no association between membership and health consciousness (B=.12, SE=.10; P=.24; OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.92-1.38). Finally, membership is negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination status (B=–.84, SE=.17; P<.001; OR 48, 95% CI 0.32-0.62), and influenza vaccination practice (B=–1.14, SE=.17; P<.001; OR .31, 95% CI 0.22-0.45).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that people joining alternative health social media groups differ from nonmembers in different aspects, such as sharing, fear of negative evaluations, conspiratorial mentality, and health literacy. They also suggest that there is a significant relationship between membership and vaccination. By more thoroughly exploring the demographic, or by better understanding the people for whom interventions are designed, this study is expected to help researchers to more strategically and effectively develop and implement interventions.
Exemplar-based Instruction in China’s ESL English Writing: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Wang Caiying 
Published: December 2024

This article explores an exemplar-based teaching mode which can be used in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) writing classrooms for Chinese undergraduates. This project adopts an exemplar-based textbook published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press to prepare freshmen’s writing. Theoretical underpinnings of the use of exemplars, namely scaffolding theory, will be given. The discussion finishes by suggestion of some tasks of this teaching approach for ESL writing instructors who are interested in using exemplars to cultivate students’ writing. This topic of e-education drawn from Contemporary College English Advanced Writing, which is currently used in most of China’s universities, has been chosen to illustrate ways in which this might be achieved. Five tasks are presented in order to highlight the complexity of writing for ESL learners and to illustrate ways in which it can be made more accessible. The possible benefit can be seen in teacher’s and students’ applying this writing practice not just for the current topic but also for other writing topics in ESL writing classrooms. Furthermore, this work sheds some lights on curriculum, pedagogy, and teacher education in various writing contexts.
Outbreak of Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial dermatosepticemia in wild leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) in Mexico
Authors: Ortega Santana César , Fajardo Raúl , Escobedo-Bonilla Cesar Marcial , Irgang Rute , Valladares-Carranza Benjamín , Martínez Simón , Saldarriaga-Córdoba Mónica , Avendaño-Herrera Ruben 
Published: December 2024

This report presents a case of dermatosepticemia in ten wild leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) captured in Mexico, where the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila was confirmed. This polyphasic study included macroscopic, microbiological, histological, and molecular analyses. Externally, the specimens exhibited erythema, hemorrhage, and erosions on various body parts. Internal observations revealed hemorrhaging of the oral cavity and stomach, as well as sero-sanguineous ascites. Parasites were also identified, including Ochoterenella sp. in the mesentery, Glypthelmins sp. in the liver, Clinostomum sp. in the thigh muscles, and Opalina sp. and Glypthelmins sp. in the intestine. Histopathological analyses showed skin hemorrhaging, erosion and ulceration, myositis, coagulative myonecrosis with the presence of bacteria, and damage to internal organs with an abundant presence of bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in pure culture from the skin, muscle, mouth, heart, liver, and kidney of all ten frogs. The Mexican isolate (cos-ciesa 01) had high biochemical-enzymatic similarity to the strain A. hydrophila subsp. hydrophila CECT 4330. Additionally, the Mexican strain's 1 414 bp nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (GenBank Accession MN795652) showed high identity with A. hydrophila strain ATCC 7966. Ranavirus was not recovered in the cell cultures and PCR did not detect its DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues. These results suggest A. hydrophila as the causative agent of the dermatosepticemia disease outbreak.
The Implications of Regulating Zakat to Reduce Income Tax and Make it A Source of Local Revenue in Aceh
Authors: Fuadi Fuadi , Sahara Siti , Suriyani Meta 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the implications of regulating zakat as a source of local own-source revenue and as a factor in reducing income tax payable in Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Aceh Government. These two norms complement each other and are implemented simultaneously; thus, state revenue from taxes does not decrease. It means that zakat as a deduction from income tax is covered by zakat as a source of local own-source revenue. However, the regulation for zakat as a deduction from income tax cannot be enforced due to regulatory synchronization reasons. This study is normative legal research using a statutory and regulatory approach. The data described is normative data such as laws, qanuns and other legal regulations. This study concludes that the regulation of zakat as regional original income incorporates zakat into the state financial governance system managed by Baitul Mal. There are several consequences arising from the issue. Zakat deposited into the Regional Treasury is recorded by the Regional General Treasurer in a separate account whose designation is Sharia-related. Crimes related to Zakat cannot be classified as ordinary embezzlement crimes but as acts of corruption. These discrepancies in norms lead to legal ambiguity, which, in turn, infringes upon the hierarchy of laws and regulations, disrupting the legal order. To address this issue, a vertical harmonization process is necessary, involving the revision of the Aceh Qanun about Baitul Mal.
La costa de La Mosquitia en el Caribe Occidental y sus interacciones con el mundo global en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Roman  Romero Raul , Vidal Ortega Antonino 
Published: December 2024

Este articulo analiza la inserción del Caribe occidental en el proceso de globalización económico del siglo XVIII, en este sentido revisa como en ausencia de un control estricto de la corona española los territorios del Caribe Occidental, compuesto por la costa de la Mosquitia y las islas adyacentes, junto a sus habitantes y un contingente de agentes imperiales y comerciales de diferentes partes de Europa cumplieron un papel fundamental en el proceso de construcción de una red global de comercio y de comerciantes que se insertaron en los circuitos de producción y mercados de consumo que se configuraban tempranamente entre Europa, América del Norte y el Caribe, tomando como vehículo las conexiones mercantiles británicas. Desde el punto de vista teórico y conceptualmente se utilizan los postulados de la historia global, pero enfocada desde un ámbito regional, y metodológicamente se aborda desde la disciplina de la historia utilizando un acervo documental del siglo XVIII, que se encuentra en los archivos españoles de y el archivo General de la Nación en Colombia.
História e Trauma: sobre três pinturas de Frank Stella
Authors: Nascimento Barbara Mangueira do 
Published: December 2024

Algumas Black Paintings de Frank Stella, a despeito do pertencimento aos primórdios do minimalismo – que buscava recusar uma narratividade externa à superfície da pintura, levavam títulos com referências ao nazismo (Arbeit Macht Frei, Reichstag e Die Fahne Hock). Este artigo visa refletir sobre as possibilidades de manuseio, em um dado contexto espacial e temporal, de referências que pertencem ao escopo da história e memória de eventos traumáticos, a partir da compreensão de que essas condições se transformam de acordo com o contexto social e político, permitindo diferentes formas de mobilização de um trauma social. Abstract Some Black Paintings by Frank Stella, despite belonging to the beginnings of minimalism – which sought to refuse an external narrative on the surface of the painting, carried titles with references to Nazism (Arbeit Macht Frei, Reichstag and Die Fahne Hock). This article aims to reflect on the possibilities of handling, in a given spatial and temporal context, references that belong to the scope of history and memory of traumatic events, from the understanding that these conditions are transformed according to the social and political context , allowing different ways of mobilizing social trauma.