bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoregressive moving average modeling for hepatic iron quantification in the presence of fat
Authors: Tipirneni‐Sajja Aaryani , Krafft Axel J. , Loeffler Ralf B. , Song Ruitian , Bahrami Armita , Hankins Jane S. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMeasuring hepatic R2* by fitting a monoexponential model to the signal decay of a multigradient‐echo (mGRE) sequence noninvasively determines hepatic iron content (HIC). Concurrent hepatic steatosis introduces signal oscillations and confounds R2* quantification with standard monoexponential models.PurposeTo evaluate an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model for accurate quantification of HIC in the presence of fat using biopsy as the reference.Study TypePhantom study and in vivo cohort.PopulationTwenty iron–fat phantoms covering clinically relevant R2* (30–800 s‐1) and fat fraction (FF) ranges (0–40%), and 10 patients (four male, six female, mean age 18.8 years).Field Strength/Sequence2D mGRE acquisitions at 1.5 T and 3 T.AssessmentPhantoms were scanned at both field strengths. In vivo data were analyzed using the ARMA model to determine R2* and FF values, and compared with biopsy results.Statistical TestsLinear regression analysis was used to compare ARMA R2* and FF results with those obtained using a conventional monoexponential model, complex‐domain nonlinear least squares (NLSQ) fat–water model, and biopsy.ResultsIn phantoms and in vivo, all models produced R2* and FF values consistent with expected values in low iron and low/high fat conditions. For high iron and no fat phantoms, monoexponential and ARMA models performed excellently (slopes: 0.89–1.07), but NLSQ overestimated R2* (slopes: 1.14–1.36) and produced false FFs (12–17%) at 1.5 T; in high iron and fat phantoms, NLSQ (slopes: 1.02–1.16) outperformed monoexponential and ARMA models (slopes: 1.23–1.88). The results with NLSQ and ARMA improved in phantoms at 3 T (slopes: 0.96–1.04). In patients, mean R2*‐HIC estimates for monoexponential and ARMA models were close to biopsy‐HIC values (slopes: 0.90–0.95), whereas NLSQ substantially overestimated HIC (slope 1.4) and produced false FF values (4–28%) with very high SDs (15–222%) in patients with high iron overload and no steatosis.Data ConclusionARMA is superior in quantifying R2* and FF under high iron and no fat conditions, whereas NLSQ is superior for high iron and concurrent fat at 1.5 T. Both models give improved R2* and FF results at 3 T.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1620–1632.
Prevalence and characteristics of acute respiratory virus infections in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Soudani Nadia , Caniza Miguela A. , Assaf‐Casals Aia , Shaker Rouba , Lteif Mireille , Su Yin , Tang Li , Akel Imad , Muwakkit Samar , Chmaisse Ahmad , Homsi Maysam , Dbaibo Ghassan , Zaraket Hassan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with pediatric cancer have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality because of respiratory viral infections than other patient populations.ObjectivesTo investigate the causative viruses of respiratory infections and their burden among patients with pediatric cancer in Lebanon.Study designNasopharyngeal swabs along with clinical and demographic data were collected from patients with pediatric cancer presenting febrile episodes with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Total nucleic acid was extracted from specimens followed by the real‐time PCR analysis targeting 14 respiratory viruses to estimate the frequency of infections.ResultsWe obtained 89 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with pediatric cancer (mean age, 5.8 ± 4.2 years). Real‐time PCR confirmed viral infection in 77 swabs (86.5%). Among these, 151 respiratory viruses were detected. Several viruses cocirculated within the same period; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most common (45.45%), followed by parainfluenza virus (PIV; 26%), influenza type B (26%), human metapneumovirus (24.6%), and human coronavirus (HCoV; 24.6%). Coinfections were detected in 55% of the subjects, and most of them involved RSV with one or more other viruses. A strong correlation was found between PIV, Flu (influenza of any type), RSV, and HCoV with the incidence of coinfections. RSV was associated with lower respiratory tract infections, nasal congestion, bronchitis, and bacteremia. HCoV was associated with bronchiolitis; rhinovirus was associated with hospital admission.ConclusionPatients with pediatric cancer have a high burden of respiratory viral infections and a high incidence of coinfections. Molecular diagnostics can improve management of febrile episodes and reduce antibiotic use.
Application of a clean–up procedure using a ternary liquid phase system combined with pre‐concentration by microextraction in the analysis of seven pesticides from soya milk
Authors: Abbaspour Maryam , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad , Mohebbi Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA method has been developed based on a three–phase system, followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of seven pesticides from soya milk prior to analysis by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection. The base of this method is the different extraction capability of the components of soya milk according to each of the phases involved. In this procedure, a homogeneous solution consisting of soya milk and a water–miscible solvent (acetonitrile) is separated into two phases in the presence of Na2SO4 and the analytes are extracted into the produced acetonitrile droplets. The acetonitrile phase is mixed with a pre‐concentration solvent to perform the next microextraction procedure for further enrichment of the analytes.RESULTSLimits of detection and quantification were reached in the ranges of 0.11–0.35 and 0.35–1.20 µg L−1, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 562–933 and 56–93%, respectively. Relative standard deviations were ≤7% for intra– (n = 6) and inter–day (n = 5) precisions at two concentrations of 10 and 50 µg L−1 of each analyte.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method was applied to the analysis of pesticides in soya milk samples at µg L−1 concentrations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Alcohol dehydrogenases from Proteus mirabilis contribute to alcoholic flavor
Authors: Yu Fengchuan , Bai Yajun , Fan Tai‐ping , Zheng Xiaohui , Cai Yujie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCheese ripening involves a complex series of metabolic reactions and numerous concomitant secondary transformations. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols, which enrich cheese aroma.RESULTSIn this study, we identified five ADH genes in Proteus mirabilis JN458, and these genes were overexpressed and characterized in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The optimum pH was 7.0 for the purified recombinant ADH‐1, ADH‐2, and ADH‐3 and 8.0 for ADH‐4 and ADH‐5. The optimum temperature was 40 °C for ADH‐1, ADH‐3, and ADH‐5 and 45 °C for ADH‐2 and ADH‐4. The Km value of ADH‐1, ADH‐2, and ADH‐3 was 34.45, 16.90, and 10.01 µmol L−1 for phenylacetaldehyde, respectively. The Km value of ADH‐4 and ADH‐5 was 14.81 and 24.62 µmol L−1 for 2‐methylbutanal, respectively.CONCLUSIONProteus species play important roles during cheese ripening. The results of our study are important for further research on cheese flavor and for quality control during cheese production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Validating peritonsillar abscess drainage rates using the Pediatric hospital information system data
Authors: Chisholm Allison G. , Little Benjamin D. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of the Children's Hospital Association's Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) registry data in determining surgical drainage rates as compared to a chart review on the same cohort of children with diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsOur analysis included 200 children, ages 2 to 17 years, treated for a peritonsillar abscess from 2011 to 2016. The primary outcome was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and likelihood ratios of surgical drainage rates comparing the PHIS database to manual chart review of the same patients.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen (58%) children underwent drainage by chart review, whereas 87 (44%) had a drainage procedure by PHIS data. Age was a significant predictor of abscess drainage by chart review (age coefficient = 0.10; standard error = 0.04; 2 = 5.8; P = 0.02; odds ratio = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.19). When using the chart review as the reference value for surgical drainage, the PHIS data had a sensitivity of 76% and 100% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 75%, respectively. The ROC area was 0.88 (95% CI, 84 to 92). Cases that lacked a clear procedure note composed the false negative cases in the PHIS.ConclusionAt our institution, the PHIS Administrative data was adequate at predicting surgical drainage of the peritonsillar abscess when compared to chart review.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:238–241, 2020
The impact of cricothyroid involvement on adductor recovery in unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Fang Tuan‐Jen , Chuang Hsiu‐Feng , Chiang Hui‐Chen , Pei Yu‐Cheng 
Published: February 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWide variation in postinjury functional recovery is a hallmark of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), ranging from zero to full recovery. The present study examined the impact of cricothyroid (CT) muscle involvement on recovery using quantitative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) of the thyroarytenoid–lateral cricoarytenoid (TA‐LCA) muscle complex at multiple times postinjury.Study DesignProspective cohort study in a medical center.MethodsEighty‐one patients with UVFP (37 males and 44 females) received an initial assessment of quantitative LEMG, stroboscope, acoustic voice analysis and 36‐Item Short Form Survey quality‐of‐life questionnaire at 3 to 6 months after UVFP onset and a follow‐up assessment at 12 months after UVFP onset.ResultsThe initial and follow‐up assessments were performed at 4.3 ± 1.9 and 12.5 ± 1.3 months after UVFP onset, respectively. The peak turn frequency of the TA‐LCA muscle complex on the lesion side was improved at the follow‐up (470 ± 294 Hz) compared with the initial assessment (300 ± 204 Hz) (P < .001). Patients were also divided into two groups with (n = 27) and without (n = 54) CT involvement, respectively. TA‐LCA muscle complex turn frequency improved in patients without CT involvement (from 277 ± 198 to 511 ± 301 Hz; P < .001), but not in those with CT involvement (from 345 ± 211 to 386 ± 265 Hz; P = .46). Seventy‐one of all patients received early intervention with intracordal hyaluronate injection, showing similar therapeutic effects in those with and without CT involvement.ConclusionsAcute UVFP with combined TA‐LCA muscle complex and CT muscle involvement has a poor prognosis, with poorer recovery of TA‐LCA muscle complex recruitment. Early interventions should be considered in patients with UVFP with CT involvement.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:139–145, 2020
Robust, Transparent, Thermally Healable Copolyacrylate Elastomer: The Effect of β‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylate on its Properties
Authors: Zhao Dan , Chen Hongxiang , Dai Qiaoli , Wang Jun , Zhou Yu , Zeng Danlin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe contradiction between mechanical properties, transparency, and healing effects for polyacrylate elastomers is not solved yet. The copolyacrylate elastomers are prepared based on the bulk copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA), incorporating the β‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer. Compared with PMMA‐co‐PBA, with the incorporation of HEA, the copolymer elastomer decreases in tensile strength, while increasing in healing efficiency and visible‐light transmittance. Therefore, the high transparency and healing efficiency of the copolyacrylate elastomer are achieved under the condition of ensuring robust mechanical properties.
Visible Light Controlled Polymerization of Azide‐Derived Monomers: A Facile, Metal‐Free PET‐ATRP Route to Construct Azide Polymers
Authors: Ni Bangqing , Wang Danke , Zhang Hen , Li Pengqi , Niu Tengfei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWell‐defined azide polymers are successfully synthesized by visible‐light‐induced metal‐free electron transfer–atom transfer radical polymerization (PET‐ATRP) at room temperature. This technique uses Eosin Y/Et3N as the reductive quenching photocatalyst system, which can effectively prevent the destruction of the azide group in polymerization. Four kinds of azide‐derived monomers participate well in this reaction and obtain satisfactory results. The kinetic behavior, “ON/OFF” experiment, and chain‐extension experiment confirm the living feature of this visible light controlled polymerization. Moreover, random copolymers obtained by this protocol can be used as surface modifier which further demonstrates the utility and reliability of this method.
Predicting continence decline in institutionalized older people: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Jerez‐Roig Javier , Moreira Francisca Sueli Monte , da Câmara Saionara Maria Aires , Ferreira Lidiane Maria de Brito Macedo , Lima Kenio Costa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo verify the incidence of urinary continence decline and the probability of maintaining urinary continence, as well as identify the prognostic factors of urinary continence decline in institutionalized older people.MethodsA 2‐year longitudinal study (with five 6‐month waves) was conducted with subjects ≥60 years old who lived in 10 nursing homes in the city of Natal‐RN (Brazil). Urinary incontinence was assessed by the Minimum Data Set version 3.0. Sociodemographic, institution‐related and health‐related variables were considered to establish the baseline. Time‐dependent variables included cognitive decline, functional decline, and incidences of falls, hospitalizations, and fractures during the period. The actuarial method, the log‐rank test, and Cox’s regression were applied as statistical methods.ResultsAmong the cohort of 196 older adults, 105 (53.6%) individuals maintained the continence status during the period, 21 (10.7%) improved it at one or more assessments, and 76 (38.8%) subjects declined. The cumulative probability of maintaining continence status was 82.6% (confidence interval [CI], 95%: 76.5%‐87.3%), 74.7% (CI, 95%: 67.8%‐80.4%), 66.9% (CI, 95%: 59.4%‐73.2%), and 49.3% (CI, 95%: 40.1%‐57.9%) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Predicting factors for continence decline were: disability (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.03; P < 0.001), functional decline (HR = 3.02;
P = 0.001) and potentially inappropriate medication (HR = 1.84;
P = 0.008).ConclusionsThe incidence of continence decline and the cumulative probability of maintaining continence status in institutionalized older adults was approximately 39% and 49%, respectively, at the 2‐year follow‐up. Disability and potentially inappropriate drugs at baseline and functional decline across the period predicted continence decline in this cohort.
A posteriori stochastic correction of reduced models in delayed‐acceptance MCMC, with application to multiphase subsurface inverse problems
Authors: Cui Tiangang , Fox Colin , O'Sullivan Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

SummarySample‐based Bayesian inference provides a route to uncertainty quantification in the geosciences and inverse problems in general but is very computationally demanding in the naïve form, which requires simulating an accurate computer model at each iteration. We present a new approach that constructs a stochastic correction to the error induced by a reduced model, with the correction improving as the algorithm proceeds. This enables sampling from the correct target distribution at reduced computational cost per iteration, as in existing delayed‐acceptance schemes, while avoiding appreciable loss of statistical efficiency that necessarily occurs when using a reduced model. Use of the stochastic correction significantly reduces the computational cost of estimating quantities of interest within desired uncertainty bounds. In contrast, existing schemes that use a reduced model directly as a surrogate do not actually improve computational efficiency in our target applications. We build on recent simplified conditions for adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to give practical approximation schemes and algorithms with guaranteed convergence. The efficacy of this new approach is demonstrated in two computational examples, including calibration of a large‐scale numerical model of a real geothermal reservoir, that show good computational and statistical efficiencies on both synthetic and measured data sets.
Efficient modeling of internal cracks for Laplace problem by XFEM using Joukowski mapping
Authors: Nakasumi Shogo , Schweitzer Marc Alexander 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this study, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is applied to the two‐dimensional Laplace equation with an internal discontinuity. The real part of a complex velocity potential from potential flow theory is used to represent the enrichment function in this technique. The Joukowski mapping, which maps a circle to a line, is mainly used to obtain a solution around an airfoil in two‐dimensional potential flow; here, we extend that solution to model magnetic flux around an internal crack. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using numerical examples of single and multiple cracks. The L2 error norm is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with XFEM using previously proposed enrichment functions (Heaviside and analytical forms for a single crack tip). The proposed method gives better results than those of the existing XFEM in the case of a coarse mesh.
HR‐LC‐ESI‐Orbitrap‐MS based metabolite profiling of Prunus dulcis Mill. (Italian cultivars Toritto and Avola) husks and evaluation of antioxidant activity
Authors: Bottone Alfredo , Masullo Milena , Montoro Paola , Pizza Cosimo , Piacente Sonia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrunus dulcis Mill. is a plant cultivated for the production of its edible seeds, known as sweet almonds. In the last decades almond demand has highly increased due to their wide use in the industrial manufacturing of almond‐based foods; this has led to a huge production of waste materials, mainly corresponding to shells and husks.ObjectiveTo achieve a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of almond husks with the aim of exploring these byproducts as a source of bioactives to be used in nutraceutical and cosmetic formulations.MethodsMethanol, ethanol and ethanol–water extracts of the almond husks were analysed by high‐resolution liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HR‐LC‐ESI‐Orbitrap‐MS) in negative ion mode. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data were acquired by using the Data‐Dependent Scan experiment, allowing the precursor ion to be selected as the most intense peak during LC‐MS analyses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed on a Bruker DRX‐600 spectrometer. Folin–Ciocalteu, DPPH• (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assays were employed to determine the total phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity of the extracts.ResultsThe LC‐MS/MS analysis of the methanol extract guided the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives, flavonoids and terpenes. Eco‐friendly extraction methods showed to be selective in extracting flavonoids while the comparison of the LC‐MS profiles of the Italian cultivars Toritto and Avola showed significant differences, confirming how different growing conditions may influence the metabolome of a plant species.ConclusionThis study led to a deeper insight into the chemical constituents of almond husks and showed how the eco‐friendly extraction resulted in an effective method to obtain extracts rich in antioxidant sources.
A systematic review of methods for determining cross‐sectional active medications using pharmacy databases
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Xu Edison , Whitaker Evans , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposePharmacy dispensing databases are often used to identify patients' medications at a particular time point, for example to measure prescribing quality or the impact of medication use on clinical outcomes. We performed a systematic review of studies that examined methods to assess medications in use at a specific point in time.MethodsComprehensive literature search to identify studies that compared active medications identified using pharmacy databases to medications identified using nonautomated data sources. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full‐text material.ResultsOf 496 studies screened, 29 studies evaluating 50 comparisons met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐nine comparisons evaluated fixed look‐back period approaches, defining active medications as those filled in a specified period prior to the index date (range 84‐730 days). Fourteen comparisons evaluated medication‐on‐hand approaches, defining active medications as those for which the most recent fill provided sufficient supply to last through the study index date. Sensitivity ranged from 48% to 93% for fixed look‐back period approaches and 35% to 97% for medication‐on‐hand approaches. Interpretation of comparative performance of methods was limited by use of different reference sources, target medication classes, and databases across studies. In four studies with head‐to‐head comparisons of these methods, sensitivity of the medication‐on‐hand approach was a median of 7% lower than the corresponding fixed look‐back approach.ConclusionsThe reported accuracy of methods for identifying active medications using pharmacy databases differs greatly across studies. More direct comparisons of common approaches are needed to establish the accuracy of methods within and across populations, medication classes, and databases.
Controlled synthesis of thermoresponsive polymers derived from l‐Lysine, a biorenewable resource
Authors: Liu Junmei , Gu Jin , Luo Jing , Wang Shixue , Zhang Hao , Tao Youhua 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRenewable lysine was cyclized to its corresponding α‐amino‐ε‐caprolactam and then underwent the reaction with acryloyl chloride to harvest a 2‐acrylamido‐caprolactam (ACL) monomer. Subsequent reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of the obtained monomer with oligo(ethylene glycol)acrylate (OEGA) gave well‐defined P(ACL‐co‐OEGA) with low distribution. Nuclear magnetic resonance , size exclusion chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry measurements indicated the controlled feature of the polymerization. Moreover, the resultant copolymers demonstrated thermoresponsiveness, and the cloud points (Tcp) can be adjusted from 34 to 79 °C, by changing pH values, and the fraction of cyclic lysine. These results suggested that these lysine‐based thermoresponsive polymers might be used as new materials in biomedical fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 862–868