bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN TEKNIK MENYUSUI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIBERIKAN PELATIHAN PADA IBU NIFAS PRIMIPARA HARI KE 1 – 7
Authors: Qomariyah Kinanatul , Zulaikha Layla Imroatu 
Published: April 2018

Teknik menyusui yang benar adalah cara memberikan ASI kepada bayi dengan perlekatan dan posisi ibu dan bayi dengan benar. Faktor yang mempengaruhi teknik menyusui antara lain: pengalaman, waktu dan tempat, pendidikan, serta keadaan ibu dan bayi. Hasil survey membuktikan bahwa masih rendahnya ibu nifas primipara yang memberikan ASI eksklusif dikarenakan teknik menyusui ibu yang kurang benar.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik komparatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. sampelnya sebanyak 36 orang pada tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Variabel yang diukur adalah teknik menyusui sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan.
Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah hampir setengah responden sebelum diberikan pelatihan teknik menyusui, keterampilan teknik menyusuinya cukup yaitu sebanyak 16 responden (44,4%). sebagian besar responden sesudah diberikan pelatihan teknik menyusui, keterampilan teknik menyusuinya baik yaitu sebanyak 23 responden (63,9%). Berdasarkan uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon diperoleh nilai ƿ = 0,000 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% ( α=0,05 ) dapat dikatakan ƿ < α maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya ada perbedaan teknik menyusui sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan pada ibu nifas primipara di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukorame Kota Kediri.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka perlu dilakukan berbagai sosialisasi dan memberikan pelatihan teknik menyusui sejak dini saat hamil sampai nifas khususnya tentang pentingnya ASI Eksklusif. Dengan demikian kesehatan anak sangat tergantung pada kesehatan ibu terutama masa kehamilan, persalinan dan masa menyusui.
GAMBARAN KEBERHASILAN METODE PENERAPAN TOILET TRAINING PADA ANAK USIA 2-3 TAHUN DI DESA TEJA BARAT PAMEKASAN
Authors: A'yun Qurratul , Rusady Yulia Paramita 
Published: April 2018

Toilet training berhubungan dengan perkembangan sosial anak dimana anak tersebut dituntut secara sosial untuk menjaga kebersihan diri dan menjadi awal terbentuknya kemandirian anak secara nyata, sehingga toilet training sangat penting untuk diterapkan pada anak yang dapat dimulai saat usia berkisar antara 18–24 bulan. Tetapi masih banyak orang tua yang tidak menerapkannya karena belum mengerti teknik atau metode penerapan toilet training. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh di Desa Teja Barat dari 10 anak usia 2 sampai 3 tahun terdapat 7 anak (70%) tidak dapat menerapkan toilet training.
Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Berdasarkan waktunya menggunakan retrospektif. Populasinya adalah semua Ibu yang mempunyai anak usia 2-3 tahun. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah keberhasilan metode penerapan toilet training.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar Ibu tidak mengajarkan anak bagaimana melepas celana dan mendudukkan diatas toilet pada tehnik lisan, sebagian besar Ibu tidak memberi contoh cara duduk atau jongkok dihadapan anak sambil mengajak berbicara dan bercerita saat buang air kecil atau buang air besar pada tehnik modelling, hampir seluruh Ibu tidak memiliki jadwal buang air besar dan buang air kecil yang teratur untuk anak pada metode taiming dan sebagian besar Ibu tidak memberikan pujian kepada boneka misalnya karena celana dalamnya kering dan berhasil buang air besar dan buang air kecil) dan tidak memberikan pujian pada anak jika anak berhasil menirukan apa yang diajarkan oleh ibu pada metode boneka.
Upaya yang dapat dilakukan antara lain petugas kesehatan terutama bidan komunitas diharapkan lebih intensif lagi dalam rangka memberikan penyuluhan tentang metode penerapan toilet training.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA MAKAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA USIA 1 – 5 TAHUN
Authors: Rusady Yulia Paramita , Eliyana Yayuk 
Published: April 2018

Masalah gizi di Indonesia sudah menyebar ke berbagai pelosok di tanah air. Salah satunya adalah kasus malnutrisi yang terjadi di Pulau Madura tepatnya di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Timbulnya masalah gizi di Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya adalah pola pemberian makan. Penelitian ini ingin membuktikan apakah ada hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan status gizi balita di Polindes Tentenan Barat Kabupaten Pamekasan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan status gizi balita di Polindes Tentenan Barat Kecamatan Larangan Kabupaten Pamekasan tahun 2015.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 anak usia 1 – 5 tahun dan seluruhnya diambil sebagai sampel. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah pola pemberian makan dan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah status gizi balita. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket dan di analisa menggunakan uji statistik spearman rank dengan tingkat kesalahan α : 0,05. Setelah dianalisis maka didapatkan hasil responden yang pola pemberian makannya kurang dan status gizinya baik yakni sebesar (43,8%) dengan (ρ= 0,000).
Dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan status gizi batita. Untuk itu peneliti harus mengkaji lebih dalam tentang variabel yang digunakan serta kekuatan dari instrument dan uji yang dipakai dan tetap memberikan arahan dan meningkatkan pemahaman ibu pentingnya mengatur pola makan yang baik dan bergizi pada usia batita.
The Function of Repetition in Trump's Inaugural Address A discourse analysis study
Authors: Areef Al-Saeedi Habeeb M 
Published: April 2018

Political speech might be one of the most problematic types of discourse because it is usually characterized by the use of different techniques and strategies that allow politicians to convey their political messages and persuade people of their ideologies and thoughts.
The American presidential inaugural addresses are a form of political discourse that shares the characteristics of both oral and written discourse. It is actually an ample area that worth to be studied to explore some of the features that characterize this type of discourse.
This paper is an attempt to investigate the function of repetition in Trump's Inaugural address from a discourse analysis perspective.
The analysis revealed that repetition is used as a main strategy in Trump's address to reflect inclusiveness and create a shared responsibility with the audience.
Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Sari Mutiara Indah , Sari Nisrina , Darlan Dewi Masyithah , Prasetya Raka Jati 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus has increased throughout the year. Various studies indicate that smoking may affect glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to compare the blood glucose and HbA1c level in diabetic smoking patients and non-smoking diabetic patients.METHODS: This study used the cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 30 diabetic smoking patients and 30 non-smoking diabetic patients. The diabetes history and the smoking status of the study population obtained by questionnaire-based interview, the blood glucose and HbA1c level were measured by hexokinase and immunoturbidimetry method using cobas 6000 analyser module c501 (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).RESULTS: The result in this study showed the fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c were higher by 23.64 mg/dl (p = 0.325), 58.00 mg/dl (p = 0.016), 0.39% (p = 0.412) in smoking diabetic patients compared to non-smoking diabetic patients. After statistical analysis, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) of postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group, but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1cCONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was a significant difference in postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.
Pain Relief as an Integral Part of the Palliative Care
Authors: Sholjakova Marija , Durnev Vesna , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Palliative therapy represents active care for patients whose illness has such nature that is not responding to the curative treatment. The palliative care aims to provide comfort and prevention from the suffering of the patients at the end of their life. Treatment of the pain presents an important integral part of palliative care.AIM: This article aims to discuss and answer to some of the analgesic regimes and therapeutic dilemmas.RESULTS: Pain control, in addition to the other treatments such as alleviation of psychological, sociological and spiritual problems, has a priority. The proper pain management can achieve a better quality of life for the patients and their families.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that because of the different origin of the pain, the use of analgesic therapy should be individualised and adapted to the real need of every person. Finally, only a good organisation and institutionalisation of the palliative care in one society could permit better prevention of suffering at the end of the life.
Haemostasis in Oral Surgery with Blue-Violet Light
Authors: Veleska-Stevkoska Daniela , Koneski Filip 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: The invasive dental procedures usually result in wounds accompanied by physiological bleeding. Even though the bleeding is easily manageable, it is still one of the major concerns of the patients and a reason for their subjective discomfort. Recently, a novel approach with light-emitting diode (LED) was introduced to control the bleeding. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the irradiation with blue-violet light LEDs on the haemostasis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 40 patients with an indication for tooth extraction, divided into two groups: examination group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 10). The site of the extraction socket in the examination group was irradiated with LED (410 nm) until the bleeding stopped. The patients from the control group were treated by conventional gauze pressure to stop the bleeding (control group). The duration of irradiation and gauze pressure was measured and compared. The statistical analysis was performed with Student T-test.RESULTS: The examination group showed the shorter duration of bleeding compared to the control group for 13.67 seconds and 156 seconds, respectively. The most of the cases in the examination group were irradiated in 10 seconds (70%), followed by irradiation of 20 seconds (23.3%) and 30 seconds (6.6%). In the control group, the average time to stop the bleeding by the conventional method was 156 second.CONCLUSION: The blue-violet LED light shortens the bleeding time from the extraction socket after tooth extraction and may be a promising method for achieving haemostasis.
Three Problems on Exponential Bases
Authors: De Carli Laura , Mizrahi Alberto , Tepper Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe consider three special and significant cases of the following problem. Let $D\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be a (possibly unbounded) set of finite Lebesgue measure. Let $E(\mathbb{Z}^{d})=\{e^{2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}ix\cdot n}\}\text{}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}^{d}}$ be the standard exponential basis on the unit cube of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. Find conditions on $D$ for which $E(\mathbb{Z}^{d})$ is a frame, a Riesz sequence, or a Riesz basis for $L^{2}(D)$.
The distribution of the fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen, 1902
Authors: Byrkjedal Ingvar , Langhelle Gunnar , Christiansen Jørgen Schou , Karamushko Oleg V. 
Published: April 2018

The range of the rarely caught fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus has been considered restricted to the waters off East Greenland and Northeast Iceland. For the first time the species is recorded from the east side of the Norwegian Sea, and also it is found further north in the Greenland Sea than previously known. Mapping all the corroborated specimens known indicates that the species seems confined to the continental slopes of the Nordic Seas, where it is found in waters with a temperature below zero and a depth of more than 900 m. Depth distribution shows almost no overlap with the closely related sympatric Cottunculus microps, perhaps as a result of competitive exclusion.
MIMO PID Control of Rotors with Electromagnetic Bearings
Authors: KUSEYRİ İbrahim Sina 
Published: April 2018

Rotors with electromagnetic bearings are inherently
unstable systems; hence feedback control is an integral part of their operation. While the rotor dynamics is linear and
time-invariant at constant
operation speed, electromagnetic bearing model
is non-linear. Non-linear bearing
dynamics can be linearized at an operating point using a constant bias current.
In this paper we design a MIMO PID controller for horizontal rotor/active
magnetic bearing systems and compare its performance with respect to SISO
decentralized PID control. Dynamic coupling in rotor dynamics causes gyroscopic
forces to act at orthogonal directions on the rotor. SISO PID control lacks sufficient
performance as it
has limited capability to
compensate for the gyroscopic effects due to angular motions in transverse directions
which can be caused by couple (dynamic) unbalance forces.
Coseismic Stress and Strain Field Changes Investigation Through 3‐D Finite Element Modeling of DInSAR and GPS Measurements and Geological/Seismological Data: The L'Aquila (Italy) 2009 Earthquake Case Study
Authors: Castaldo R. , de Nardis R. , DeNovellis V. , Ferrarini F. , Lanari R. , Lavecchia G. , Pepe S. , Solaro G. , Tizzani P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake (AQE,Mw6.3, Italy) through a 3‐D Finite Element (FE) mechanical model based on the exploitation of ENVISAT DInSAR and GPS measurements and an independently generated fault model. The proposed approach mainly consists of (a) the generation of a 3‐D fault model of the active structures involved in the sequence and those neighboring to them, benefiting of a large geological and seismological data set; (b) the implementation of the generated 3‐D fault model in a FE environment, by exploiting the elastic dislocation theory and considering the curved fault geometry and the crustal heterogeneities information; and (c) the optimization of the seismogenic crustal blocks model parameters in order to reproduce the geodetic measurements. We show that our modeling approach allows us to well reproduce the coseismic surface displacements, including their significant asymmetric pattern, as shown by the very good fit between the modeled ground deformations and the geodetic measurements. Moreover, a comparative analysis between our FE model results and those obtained by considering a classical analytical (Okada) model, for both the surface displacements and the Coulomb stress changes, has been performed. Our model permits to investigate the coseismic stress and strain field changes relevant to the investigated volume and their relationships with the surrounding geological structures; moreover, it highlights the very good correlation with the seismicity spatial distribution. The retrieved stress field changes show different maxima: (a) at few kilometers depth, within the main event surface rupture zone; (b) at depths of 5–9 km in correspondence of main event hypocentral area, along the SW dipping Paganica Fault System (PFS); and (c) at depths of 12–14 km, in correspondence of the largest aftershock hypocentral area, along a steep segment of an underlying east dipping basal detachment. Moreover, the main event hypocenter is localized in a region of high‐gradient strain field changes, while a deeper volumetric dilatation lobe involves the largest aftershock zone. From these findings, we argue that the AQE hanging wall downward movement along the steep portion of PFS might have been modulated by the underlying basal detachment; on the other hand, the coseismic eastward motion of the PFS footwall might have triggered further slip on the OS, thus releasing the largest aftershock on an independent source. The retrieved stress and strain field changes, which support the active role of the OS, have been also validated through a comparative analysis with those obtained from independent geological, seismological, and GPS measurements.
Models to Estimate Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Chemicals
Authors: Van Zelm Rosalie , Oldenkamp Rik , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , Hendriks A. Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter outlines models to quantify fate, exposure, and effects of chemicals on humans and the environment. These models can be applied in risk assessment of chemicals and life cycle assessment of products. These models are able to handle multiple chemicals based on specific properties of chemicals and species. In other words, models will be addressed that can be used in case of limited data availability. The chapter discusses the application of the models in risk assessment and life cycle assessment. Finally, recent developments in the field to improve the existing models are outlined, such as approaches to address chemicals that behave differently from the bulk of neutral organic chemicals and the uncertainties and variability faced.
Expanding Rational Molecular Design beyond Pharma: Metrics to Guide Safer Chemical Design
Authors: Anastas Nicholas D. , Leazer John , Gonzalez Michael A. , DeVito Stephen C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe demand for safer, healthier, and sustainable products, materials, and processes has been increasing over the past several years. Differentiating which chemicals are relatively less hazardous than others, often referred to as “greener” or “sustainable,” demands a comprehensive, holistic approach employing the highest level of life cycle thinking available. A well‐designed framework provides a clear process for identifying those structural features of a molecule that have the potential to initiate mechanisms that lead to demonstrated toxicity, and linking those features with a putative or known adverse outcome. These newly identified features will provide guidance to suggest molecular structures and transformation pathways that reduce or eliminate toxicity. This approach also includes hazard reduction tactics for the synthetic methodologies to produce greener, and more sustainable materials and products.This chapter draws from principles of toxicology and chemistry as a means for effectively and efficiently designing molecules that are more likely to be safer for humans and the environment than are many chemicals currently in commerce. Integrating modern toxicology into the art and science of molecular design is the ultimate goal and the ultimate challenge to designing safer, sustainable products and processes.
In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Livers Using Biodegradable Hyaluronic Acid‐Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Beack Songeun , Yoo Jounghyun , Kim Su‐Kyoung , Lee Changho , Kwon Woosung , Hahn Sei Kwang , Kim Chulhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe diagnosis of liver diseases is generally carried out via ultrasound imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The emerging photoacoustic imaging is an attractive alternative to diagnose even early stage of liver diseases providing high‐resolution anatomical and functional information in deep tissue noninvasively. However, the liver has insufficient photoacoustic contrast due to low optical absorbance in the near‐infrared windows. Here, a new hyaluronate–silica nanoparticle (HA–SiNP) conjugate for liver‐specific delivery and imaging for the diagnosis of liver diseases is developed. The HA–SiNP conjugates show high liver‐specific targeting efficiency, strong optical absorbance near‐infrared windows, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The liver‐specific targeting efficiency is verified by in vitro cellular uptake test, and in vivo and ex vivo photoacoustic imaging. In vivo photoacoustic imaging shows that photoacoustic amplitude in the liver injected with HA–SiNP conjugates is 4.4 times higher than that of the liver injected with SiNP. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of HA–SiNP conjugates are verified by cell viability test, optical spectrum analysis of urine, and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) analysis. Taken together, HA–SiNP conjugates may be developed as a promising liver targeted photoacoustic imaging contrast agent and liver‐targeted drug delivery agent.
Dielectric Screening Meets Optimally Tuned Density Functionals
Authors: Kronik Leeor , Kümmel Stephan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA short overview of recent attempts at merging two independently developed methods is presented. These are the optimal tuning of a range‐separated hybrid (OT‐RSH) functional, developed to provide an accurate first‐principles description of the electronic structure and optical properties of gas‐phase molecules, and the polarizable continuum model (PCM), developed to provide an approximate but computationally tractable description of a solvent in terms of an effective dielectric medium. After a brief overview of the OT‐RSH approach, its combination with the PCM as a potentially accurate yet low‐cost approach to the study of molecular assemblies and solids, particularly in the context of photocatalysis and photovoltaics, is discussed. First, solvated molecules are considered, with an emphasis on the challenge of balancing eigenvalue and total energy trends. Then, it is shown that the same merging of methods can also be used to study the electronic and optical properties of molecular solids, with a similar discussion of the pros and cons. Tuning of the effective scalar dielectric constant as one recent approach that mitigates some of the difficulties in merging the two approaches is considered.
Blade‐Cast Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells in Air with Excellent Morphology, Efficiency, and Stability
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lin Baojun , Hu Bo , Xu Xianbin , Ma Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBlade‐coating serving as a prototype tool for slot‐die coating can be very compatible with large‐area roll‐to‐roll coating. Using blade‐coating in an ambient environment, an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.03% is achieved in nonfullerene organic solar cells, which is higher than that of the optimal spin‐coated device with a PCE of 9.41%. It is demonstrated that blade‐coating can induce a higher degree of molecular packing for both conjugated polymer donors and small‐molecular acceptors as it helps to produce a seeding film containing numerous crystal grains, subsequently providing nucleation sites for the residual solution when the motion of the blade exposes a liquid front. Due to this effect, blade‐coating can partially replace the role of the additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) and thus achieves the optimized morphology with fewer additives. Moreover, it is found that the blade‐coated film with 0.25% DIO possesses not only a smaller domain size but also higher domain purity, suggesting more D/A (donor/acceptor) interfaces and a purer phase domain as compared to the spin‐coated film with 1% DIO. Encouragingly, the blade‐coated device with less DIO (0.25%) exhibits much better stability than the spin‐coated device with 1% DIO, showing excellent prospects.