bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic, Clinical Profile and Outcome of Tuberculosis in Baramulla District of North Kashmir of India
Authors: Wani Abdul Ahad , Bhat Javeed Iqbal , Naik Muzafar , Dar Nisar Ahmed , Ahmed Syed Masood 
Published: March 2019

Background: India accounts for one-fourth of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden. Since the countrywide implementation of RNTCP, tuberculosis care has received renewed focus. Directly observed treatment short-term (DOTS) is a cornerstone of RNTCP program.
Objective: To evaluate demographic profile, clinical presentation and outcome of TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir.
Methods: A prospective study over a period of seven years in patients diagnosed with TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir.
Results: This study was conducted prospectively over seven years from March 2011 to February 2017. A total of 802 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were a total of 638 adult patients and 164 paediatric patients with a male: female ratio of 1:0.99. Majority of patients belonged to rural areas of north Kashmir and had received no or elementary education. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 530 (66 %) patients and 272 (34%) patients were diagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum for AFB was important mode of diagnosis in our series and was positive in 525 (65%) our patients. Majority of patients presented with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. None of the patients had Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There was a consistent improvement in AFB isolation among TB patients over the study period. Majority of our patients were cured completely of disease
Conclusion: Sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis remains the most common presentation of tuberculosis in North Kashmir. There is a steady increase in the proportion of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases over the study period. Furthermore, DOTS treatment is successful in all forms of tuberculosis. JMS 2018;21(1):11-16
Congenital Intercostal Hernia: A Rare Entity
Authors: Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Dar Mohd Yousuf , Bhat Javid Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

A 35-year-old male patient presented to the General Surgery Out Patient Department with a history of swelling on the left lateral chest since birth. The swelling appeared during inspiration and disappeared during expiration. JMS 2018;21(1):48
Abdominal Hydatidosis: Surgical Perspectives
Authors: Malik Ajaz Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease (Krabbe and Finsen 1862) caused by the larva of Echinococcus species and is one of the oldest known parasitic diseases to man. The disease has a worldwide distribution and is also well recognised and documented in the Indian subcontinent. The disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcosis. Humans are accidental intermediate/dead-end hosts whereas animals can be both intermediate and definitive hosts. The two main types of hydatid diseases are caused by E.granulosus and E.multilocularis, former being the most common type in humans and liver is the most commonly affected organ [1]. The other types include E.vogeli, E.oligarthus, E.shiquicus, E.ortleppi and E.equinus. In humans, 50-75% of the cysts occur in liver, 25% in lungs and 5-10% distribute along the arterial system [2] JMS 2018;21(1):1-2
Excess lifetime cancer risk due to natural background radiations of Soil in North Kashmir
Authors: Shah Mudasir Ashraf , Thoker Mukhtar , Ahmad Sajad , Radha C Anu 
Published: March 2019

Background: Long-term exposure to environmental radioactivity and the associated external exposure due to gamma emitting radionuclides have serious health effects particularly on cancer risk. Of course, the soil radioactivity depends on the underlying rocks and consequently, the soil type and geographic conditions.Objectives: Evaluation of excess life time cancer risk due to natural radioactivity of the soil of the surface layer of the Nichahoma lignite belt and the soil of villages surrounding the lignite belt.Methods: In this particular study, stirring radionuclides of the Ra226, Th232, and K40 present in the soil samples of the lignite belt and soil of the villages surrounding the lignite belt were measured by using a low-background Pb-shielded gamma spectroscopic counting assembly utilizing NaI(Tl) detector for the measurement and to evaluation the radiation hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk.Results: The excess lifetime cancer ranged from 0.65×10-3 to 0.71× 10-3 (average ~0.68×10-3) for the soil of the lignite belt and from 1.15×10-3 to 1.34×10-3(average ~1.25×10-3) for the soil of the villages surrounding the belt. The correlation analyses, performed between the radium equivalent activity and excess lifetime cancer risk for the two types of the sample, showed a very strong and linear dependence of excess lifetime cancer risk on radium equivalent activity and measured dose rate for the soil of the lignite belt compared to the soil of the villages surroundingthe lignite belt.Conclusion: Compared to the world average, the average value of computed excess lifetime cancer risk for both the categories of investigated samples in the study was found to be higher than 0.29. JMS 2018: 21 (2):101-108
Biliocolonic Fistula Through Cystic Duct Remnant
Authors: Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Bhat Javaid Ahmad , Dar Mohd Yousuf , Shah Mubashir Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Cystic duct remnant-colonic fistula is a rare entity. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. They usually arise after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone diseases. Other causes may include malignancies and inflammatory bowel diseases. We are presenting a case of bilioenteric fistula involving cystic duct remnant and transverse colon in a female patient who had undergone open cholecystectomy five years before. JMS 2018: 21 (2):120-121
Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed on CT guided biopsy
Authors: Nazir Mir Wajahat un , Lone Mohd Iqbal , Khursheed Sumat Ul , Samoon Nuzhat , Shah Shahida 
Published: March 2019

Adrenal histoplasmosis is an uncommon mycotic disease occurring in only 0.65% of non-AIDS patients. We report a case of bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed on CT guided biopsy in a diabetic patient. JMS 2018: 21 (2):126
Nephrolithiasis in PHPT
Authors: Misgar Raiz Ahmad , Wani Arshad Iqbal 
Published: March 2019

Sir,
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common disorder and is the third most common endocrine disorder after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. This common endocrine disorder has scaled down into an asymptomatic disease revealed by routine biochemical evaluation of patients for a variety of skeletal and non-skeletal symptoms in much of the western world. However, in India, and similar developing regions of world it continues to be for the most part an overtly symptomatic disease with skeletal, renal and other organ system manifestations. JMS 2018: 21 (2):129
The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets
Authors: Arney Giada N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Oxygen and methane are considered to be the canonical biosignatures of modern Earth, and the simultaneous detection of these gases in a planetary atmosphere is an especially strong biosignature. However, these gases may be challenging to detect together in the planetary atmospheres because photochemical oxygen radicals destroy methane. Previous work has shown that the photochemical lifetime of methane in oxygenated atmospheres is longer around M dwarfs, but M dwarf planet habitability may be hindered by extreme stellar activity and evolution. Here, we use a 1D photochemical-climate model to show that K dwarf stars also offer a longer photochemical lifetime of methane in the presence of oxygen compared to G dwarfs. For example, we show that a planet orbiting a K6V star can support about an order of magnitude more methane in its atmosphere compared to an equivalent planet orbiting a G2V star. In the reflected-light spectra of worlds orbiting K dwarf stars, strong oxygen and methane features could be observed at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Because K dwarfs are dimmer than G dwarfs, they offer a better planet-star contrast ratio, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) possible in a given observation. For instance, a 50 hr observation of a planet at 7 pc with a 15 m telescope yields S/N = 9.2 near 1 μm for a planet orbiting a solar-type G2V star, and S/N = 20 for the same planet orbiting a K6V star. In particular, nearby mid-late K dwarfs such as 61 Cyg A/B, Epsilon Indi, Groombridge 1618, and HD 156026 may be excellent targets for future biosignature searches.
Obsolescence sans conscience n’est que ruine de l’âme
Authors: SAERENS Patrick 
Published: March 2019

L’obsolescence programmée n’est pas née avec les nouvelles technologies. Elle est consubstantielle de l’économie de marché. Le processus a toutefois pris de l’ampleur ces vingt dernières années à la suite de l’apparition d’une conscience écologique et de la mondialisation. La passivité de la communauté internationale peut sembler étonnante puisqu’à l’exception d’une convention sans impact réel, aucun texte ne vise l’obsolescence programmée. Seule l’Union européenne semble prendre le problème à bras le corps par des textes visant à réguler sous l’angle environnemental, mais d’aucuns s’interrogent si l’ilot européen pourra contrebalancer les efforts conjugués d’États protectionnistes dont les choix économiques sont prioritaires sur toute autre considération Quant aux États émergents, ils ne disposent pas de leviers puissants pour peser sur ce paradigme qui risque de perdurer.Les efforts pour lutter contre les nuisances du phénomène sont essentiellement à rechercher au sein de certains États pionniers (Belgique, Pays-Bas,). Le résultat est très mitigé : face à des sociétés, souvent basées à l’étranger qui évoquent le secret des affaires ou la protection de leurs brevets, les lois ne prévoient aucune procédure de contrôle a priori. Les lourdes procédures nécessaires pour sanctionner ce phénomène accroissent encore la fracture numérique. L’échappatoire pourrait venir des fabricants eux- mêmes. Garantir une plus longue vie de leurs appareils constitue parfois un outil marketing puissant. Mais la situation ne sera profondément modifiée que si le consommateur prend pleinement conscience qu’une amélioration technologique, parfois à la marge, ne nécessite pas le remplacement systématique de produits.
L’irruption du numérique au Sud : le cas de l’Afrique
Authors: Bienaymé Alain 
Published: March 2019

Si le numérique a progressé au Nord avec Internet dans le sillage des ordinateurs et de l’informatique, au Sud le téléphone mobile, relativement peu onéreux, s’est imposé comme la porte d’entrée du monde digital. Il rencontre un large succès auprès des jeunes générations. L’élévation à un niveau d’interconnexion sans précédent des populations africaines fait du numérique un probable accélérateur de développement. L’arriération des structures de production ne dresse pas un obstacle infranchissable à la diversification des activités pour peu que les facilités de communication soient employées à satisfaire les besoins locaux : agriculture et pêcheries, commerces alimentaires, transports, services postaux et financiers, éducation et santé. Le numérique aide à mobiliser les diasporas africaines afin qu’elles transmettent à leurs compatriotes leur expérience de professionnels qualifiés. Si certains pays sont à l’aube d’un véritable décollage économique, la preuve devra en être donnée en terme de création nette d’emplois, non seulement dans les télécommunications, mais dans tous les autres secteurs d’activité utilisateurs des infrastructures numériques et que le développement devra entraîner. Il est fait état des initiatives qui se multiplient sur le continent africain grâce à l’outil numérique. Toutefois, les premiers succès ne doivent pas faire oublier les obstacles qui empêchent d’exploiter au mieux les potentialités de l’outil. Si ces obstacles concernent notamment le coût d’accès à l’électricité, ils tiennent pour la plupart à des méthodes de gouvernance inadaptées aux exigences du développement.
La médecine connectée et l’Afrique : soigner des indigents sans infrastructures ?
Authors: PALE Titi 
Published: March 2019

La santé connectée est l’avenir des soins et du marché de l’innovation technologique. En janvier 2017 à Las Vegas, la Consumer Electronics Show (CES), qui est le plus grand salon annuel de l’innovation technologique, constatait que « l’avenir technologique est clairement orienté vers le médical : l’espace dédié aux startups de la santé a augmenté de 40 % entre 2014 et 2016. » Dans cette communication, notre objectif est de montrer que pour les pays en voie de développement et plus particulièrement ceux d’Afrique, ces avancées technologiques reposent le problème de la fracture numérique en de termes nouveaux. Il faut en effet constater que les avancées de la médecine connectée offrent des avantages inégalement répartis sur la surface de la terre. Nous montrons le rôle nocif du sous- équipement en infrastructures dans le développement de cette nouvelle fracture numérique autour des soins à distance du médecin. Si à New York, Paris et Tokyo les questions portent sur la sécurisation des données (blog data) et de l’autonomie du patient (quantified self), dans la brousse et les savanes africaines, la mise en place d’un réseau connecté est toujours aussi problématique. En cause, l’absence d’infrastructures de divers ordres (routes, télécommunications, antennes relais, électricité, etc.), dont l’enjeu pour la santé est désormais capital en raison du rôle qu’elles doivent jouer dans la mise en place et la rentabilisation de projets e-médicaux. Quelles sont les infrastructures manquantes au développement de la médecine connectée en Afrique ? Quels risques pour le développement de l’e- médecine en Afrique, et quels enjeux à l’heure où la biomédecine est à l’épreuve des pratiques et registres de soins bricolés entre « médecine du pauvre », « héritage colonial » et « tradition africaine » ?
Paulus er ikke død – han lugter bare grimt: Den aksiale værdiomkalfatrings betydning for tidlig Kristusreligion
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through a discussion of Dostoevsky’s depiction of the death of the staret in Brothers Karamazov, I discuss the olfactory channel of communication in religion with the aim in mind to tease apart the underlying ontology pertaining to different forms of religion. The focus is on impurity related to putrefaction in death. Contrary to the understanding represented by the ironic voice of the narrator in Brothers Karamazov, I explore the view holding the saintly person to undergo an olfactory transformation in death changing into a pleasurable aroma and thereby becoming an indexical token of celestial life. From Brothers Karamazov, I proceed to examine notions of divine presence and olfactory tokens in ancient Graeco-Roman culture. I use it as a historical foil to analyse Paul’s total inversion of the motif in 2 Cor 2, 14-17 and 4, 7-12 in which he portrays himself and his Christ-message as an indexical putrefaction of Christ. Thus, the title of my essay: “Paul isn’t dead, he just smells funny.” Finally, I discuss the extent to which such an understanding is encompassed by Philippe Descola’s notion of analogistic ontology.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Jeg fokuserer i artiklen på en form for urenhed, som er knyttet til væmmelsen ved ligstank. I første omgang ser jeg på staretsens død i Brødrene Karamasov. Ad den vej bevæger jeg mig tilbage til græsk-romersk antik og drøfter sammenhængen mellem forestillingen om guddommeligt nærvær og velduft. Diametralt modsat denne opfattelse er Paulus’ skildring af sig selv og sit budskab som en omvandrende ligstank. Det er den aksiale spænding for fuld udluftning. Endelig diskuterer jeg i hvilket omfang, en sådan opfattelse og billedbrug lader sig rumme inden for Philippe Descolas tanke om analogismen som en af fire fundamentalontologier.
Tales from Tang Dynasty China: Selections from the Taiping Guangji; and Record of the Listener: Selected Stories from Hong Mai’s Yijian zhi
Authors: Richter Antje 
Published: March 2019

Tales from Tang Dynasty China: Selections from the Taiping Guangji. Edited by Alexei Kamran Ditter; Jessey Choo; and Sarah M. Allen. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 2017. Pp. xiv + 162. $46 (cloth); $16 (paper).
Record of the Listener: Selected Stories from Hong Mai’s Yijian zhi. Translated by Cong Ellen Zhang. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 2018. Pp. xliv + 116. $48 (cloth); $16 (paper).
Role of Occupational Stress and Organizational Stress towards Job Satisfaction: A Study Based on Banking Sector Employees in Sri Lanka
Authors: Siyambalapitiya P. , Sachitra V. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Occupational stress, organizational stress, common occurrences among various professions worldwide, is regarded as a major psychological problem for banking employees. The aims of the study were to identify the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among employees in banking sector of Sri Lanka, to identify the relationship between organizational stress and job satisfaction among employees in banking sector of Sri Lanka and to ensure whether there any differences of the occupational stress, organizational stress and job satisfaction with respect to private and public banks, gender and working experience.
Methodology: A non-experimental correlational design was used in the study. A total of 200 banking employees from 6 banks completed the banking employees Stress Index, the Job Satisfaction Survey.
Results: Study findings demonstrated that there were significant positive relationships between organizational stress and job satisfaction and between occupational stress and job satisfaction there was no any significant relationship. There were significant differences in levels of job satisfaction, between male and female banking employees. Male banking employees reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Working experience wise and sector wise, there was not any significant level of differences among organizational stress and occupational stress.
Conclusion: Future research is needed to examine best practices for human resource managers to improve banking employee motivation and job satisfaction of banking employees.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Rural Area of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gaude Nilam , Dessai Archana 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a major challenge in developing nations and more among rural population. In India, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched with the objective to provide sanitation facilities and eliminate open defecation.
Objective: To assess the existing facilities and practices related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene among household members in the rural population of Goa.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health and Training Centre, Mandur, Goa. Individuals aged ≥ 18 years were interviewed from 100 households by house to house visits using semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Out of 100 households, 87 (87.0%) were having piped water supply into dwelling, 5 (5.0%) were using public tap and 8 (8.0%) were using water from well. Majority of the households, i.e., 94 (94.0%) were using sanitary latrine for defecation, 1 (1.0%) had community toilet and 5 (5.0%) were practicing open field defecation. Closed container was used by 89(89.0%) of the households for storing drinking water and 96 (96.0%) were using soap and water for hand washing.
Conclusion: This study revealed that overall water and sanitation practices among the study population were satisfactory. However, measures need to be taken to abolish some of the bad practices such as open defecation and drainage of waste water in the open which was seen in few participants.
Treatment of Diabetic Condition in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wister Rats Using Food Blends Such as Unripe Plantain, Soybean and Ginger
Authors: Iwanegbe I. , Suleiman M. , Jimah A. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To investigate the effect of food blends (plantain, soybean and ginger) on the blood glucose, lipid profile and haematological indices on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Methodology: A total of 35 rats of mean body weight 219.07 g separated into7 groups (5 per group) where induced by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of streptozotocin (0.1 g dissolved in 5 ml of freshly prepared sodium citrate buffer 0.1 M, pH 4.5) at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight after fasting for 12 hours and fed with flours/blends. The flours were produced from plant materials for different treatments/blends (blend A=100% unripe plantain, B=80% unripe plantain, 14% soybean, 6% ginger, C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4% ginger, D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger, E= 50% unripe plantain, 50% soybean) and the phytochemicals and minerals content were determined. Blood glucose was determined at 5 days interval for 25 days. Diabetes was confirmed in rats with blood glucose concentrations >200 mg/dl. After 25 days rats were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for haematology and lipid profile determination.
Results: The results showed that unripe plantain, soya beans and ginger in adequate proportion(C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4% ginger or D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger) could help to reduce blood glucose, improve haematological parameters and lipid profile. Significant reduction was observed in the blood glucose level of rats fed blends C and D from 286 to 85 mg/dl and 307 to 90 mg/dl respectively at the end of experiment. These results also demonstrated that the inclusion of ginger at 6% causes rise in blood glucose level. Total cholesterol (TC) increased in all the blends. However, the lowest concentration of TC was observed in blends C and D. The highest packed cell volume (60%) and Haemoglobin (20 g/dl) level observed in rats fed blend C was significantly higher than the normal control fed conventional feeds. The increase in packed cell volume (PCV) (50%) and Hb (17 g/dl) in diabetic rats demonstrated that the formulated blend C was able to raise PCV and Hb above 50% and 17 g/dl (Normal control NC) respectively. Significant increase (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was also observed in all the blends with blend C having the least (4.0 mg/dl) close to NC (2.0 mg/dl).
Conclusion: From the results it is evident that blend C will manage and improve the health status of diabetic patients.