bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Didehydroisobenzofuran: A New Reactive Intermediate for Construction of Isoacenofuran
Authors: Matsuoka Suguru , Jung Sunna , Miyakawa Kaoru , Chuda Yu , Sugimoto Ryo , Hamura Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient generation method of didehydroisobenzofuran, a new heteroaryne species, was developed by bromine/lithium exchange of the dibromoisobenzofuran. The reactive intermediate, thus generated, was trapped by appropriate arynophile to give the [2+2], [2+3], and [2+4] cycloadducts, respectively. Moreover, the reaction could be applied to the syntheses of isoanthracenofurans (anthra[2,3‐c]furans), a new class of heteroacenes, with isoelectoronic structure to the corresponding acenoheteroles (anthra[2,3‐b]furans).
Survival and outcome of retinoblastoma treated by neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy in India
Authors: Gupta Sanjiv Kumar , Meshram Madhuri , Kumar Ajai , Verma Nishant , Agrawal Siddharth , Kumar Archana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy during infancy and childhood. The survival rate for children with retinoblastoma has improved significantly in developed countries; however, the outcome of the disease in developing countries remains dismal. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is useful in this clinical scenario and can improve the survival of these children in the developing and underdeveloped countries.AimTo study the outcome and related factors in retinoblastoma patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods and ResultsA tertiary care center‐based retrospective study was done from the year 2009 to 2015. All patients underwent an examination under anesthesia and classified using International Classification of Retinoblastoma. All subjects received systemic chemotherapy and, additionally, local surgical therapy according to the stage of the disease. Extraocular presentation and/or residual/recurrent tumour was treated by radiotherapy. All the subjects who followed the treatment protocol were included in the study. Two hundred and forty‐seven eyes of 200 subjects were included after screening the records of 233 subjects, who presented with retinoblastoma from January 2009 until December 2015. Mortality rate was highest in Group E (n = 50, 42.0%) followed by Group D (n = 24, 33.8%), whereas there was no mortality in unilateral Group B and Group C. Total 126 (63.0%) patients were alive at the end of the study. Factors significantly associated with mortality were age at the time of diagnosis, latency in the diagnosis, and the stage of the disease at presentation.ConclusionsNeo‐adjuvant chemotherapy shows promising results in terms of low recurrence rates. Latency in diagnosis, higher age at presentation, and advanced disease at presentation were associated with higher mortality. Subjects with early presentation had a favourable outcome, and cure was possible after completion of the therapy.
An adaptive virtual reality system for the treatment of adjustment disorder and complicated grief: 1‐year follow‐up efficacy data
Authors: Quero Soledad , Molés Mar , Campos Daniel , Andreu‐Mateu Sabrina , Baños Rosa M. , Botella Cristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdjustment disorder (AD) and complicated grief (CG) are serious mental conditions that have a high prevalence and are associated with significant impairments in social and work functioning. Recently, these categories have been better specified in the new ICD‐11 proposal. Empirical research on the efficacy of treatments for these problems is scarce. This study aims to offer long‐term efficacy data from a between‐groups controlled study that compares two treatment conditions (AD‐protocol applied in a traditional way: N = 18 and the same protocol supported by virtual reality (VR); VR‐protocol applied in a traditional way: N = 18) and a waiting list (WL) control group (N = 18). Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on both primary and secondary outcome measures, with large effect sizes, and this improvement did not occur in the WL. These changes were maintained in both treatment conditions in the medium (6‐month) and long‐term (12‐month follow‐up). Larger effect sizes were achieved in the VR condition in the long term. Furthermore, clinically significant change estimations on the primary outcome measures showed an advantage for the VR condition This is the first controlled study to compare a traditional face‐to‐face protocol for the treatment of stress‐related disorders with the same protocol supported by VR and a WL control group.
A step‐up/step‐down direct current to direct current converter for high‐power, high‐current applications
Authors: Henrique Feretti Paulo , Franco de Souza Alencar , Custódio Gomes Adjeferson , Silva de Morais Aniel , Tofoli Fernando Lessa 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis work proposes the conception of a nonisolated direct current (DC)‐DC buck‐boost converter employing the three‐state switching cell. Similarly to interleaving, it is possible to achieve higher power levels than that regarding the classical buck‐boost converter, but prominent advantages over the interleaved approach result, ie, the input current is continuous for duty ratios higher than 0.5; good current sharing is achieved without the need of special control schemes; and the active switches are connected to the same reference node as the input voltage source, as there is no need to use isolated drive circuitry. A thorough quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried for the entire range of the duty cycle D, considering that the proposed converter presents distinct behaviors for D < 0.5 and D > 0.5. An experimental prototype is developed and evaluated, while the results are discussed in detail.
Immature Granulocytes: A Risk Factor of Infection after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Daix Thomas , Guérin Estelle , Tavernier Elsa , Marsaud Jean‐Philippe , Hacan Adélaïde , Gauthier François , Piccardo Alessandro , Vignon Philippe , Feuillard Jean , François Bruno 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSimilarly, to sepsis, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces major changes in leukocyte subsets. Immature granulocytes (IGs) increase both in sepsis and after open‐heart surgery. Secondary infections are a major complication of cardiac surgery with CPB. We hypothesized that the assessment of leukocyte subsets with multicolor flow cytometry (FCM) could help the front‐line clinician to better identify patients at high risk of infectious complications in this clinical setting.MethodsIn this single‐center observational pilot study, we identified 26 leukocyte subsets using three combinations of antibodies (from 5 to 10 colors per combinations): one devoted to granulocytes, one to lymphocyte subpopulations and one for rare cells (plasma cells and dendritic cells). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and immediately after open‐heart surgery under CPB in 59 patients without immuno‐depression, chronic or neoplastic inflammatory disease, and immunosuppressive treatment. Secondary infections during hospital stay were recorded.ResultsPatients exhibited postoperative NK and T‐cell lymphopenia, increased levels of IGs and monocytes with low levels of surface HLA DR. Twelve patients developed secondary infectious complications. Only immediate postoperative IG levels were significantly higher in these patient (6.6 [6; 7.39] G/L vs. 3.8 [2.67; 5.72] G/L, P = 0.01). Patients with immediate postoperative increase of IGs developed more frequently infectious complication (10/22 [46%] vs. 2/37 [5%]: P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that postoperative increase of IGs is related to postoperative organ failure and promises to help in early identification of patients at risk of infectious complications after open‐heart surgery under CPB. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Experimental assessment of the seismic performance of hospital cabinets using shake table testing
Authors: Di Sarno Luigi , Magliulo Gennaro , D'Angela Danilo , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAn experimental investigation of hospital building equipment is presented. Dynamic properties and seismic performance of typical ambulatory freestanding cabinets are assessed by unidirectional and bidirectional shake table tests, also considering the presence of internal partitions and cabinet contents. Vulnerability analysis is performed according to the most recent and reliable assessment methods, evaluating the influence of different parameters of the sample cabinets. The performance criteria referred within this research are the limit states reached by the specimens (ie, rocking and overturning) and by their contents (ie, overturning and breaking). Fragility curves are evaluated for the components and the contents, considering both acceleration and velocity intensity measures, and also using dimensionless intensity measures developed in recent studies. The outcomes of the present study confirm the findings of previous laboratory tests and numerical simulations carried out by the same authors and provide a further insight for the reliable seismic performance assessment of hospital cabinets and their contents.
Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Evidence for or against adverse impacts and major knowledge gaps
Authors: Burns Emily E. , Boxall Alistair B.A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

There is increasing scientific and public concern over the presence of microplastics in the natural environment. We present the results of a systematic review of the literature to assess the weight of evidence for microplastics causing environmental harm. We conclude that microplastics do occur in surface water and sediments. Fragments and fibers predominate, with beads making up only a small proportion of the detected microplastic types. Concentrations detected are orders of magnitude lower than those reported to affect endpoints such as biochemistry, feeding, reproduction, growth, tissue inflammation and mortality in organisms. The evidence for microplastics acting as a vector for hydrophobic organic compounds to accumulate in organisms is also weak. The available data therefore suggest that these materials are not causing harm to the environment. There is, however, a mismatch between the particle types, size ranges, and concentrations of microplastics used in laboratory tests and those measured in the environment. Select environmental compartments have also received limited attention. There is an urgent need for studies that address this mismatch by performing high quality and more holistic monitoring studies alongside more environmentally realistic effects studies. Only then will we be able to fully characterize risks of microplastics to the environment to support the introduction of regulatory controls that can make a real positive difference to environmental quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2776–2796. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Number of scientific studies identified over the past 8 yr with the word “microplastic” in the title, abstract, or keywords (extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases). Word clouds containing the 50 most frequently occurring words in abstracts from 2008 to 2011, from 2012 to 2014, and from 2015 to 2016 are overlaid.
Scale Aware Deep Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Choudhury Suman Kumar , Padhy Ram Prasad , Sangaiah Arun Kumar , Sa Pankaj Kumar , Muhammad Khan , Bakshi Sambit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn smart cities, traffic management is becoming a significant challenge owing to the rapid growth of population. In this regard, pedestrian detection and their safety are of the utmost importance for the city authorities. In this paper, a fully convolutional deep architecture is presented to detect pedestrians by automatically selecting the desired region proposals as well as learning the requisite feature representation with no need for any manual hand‐crafted feature design. The architecture facilitates end‐to‐end training and thereby improves the overall performance, eliminating the bottleneck caused by the multistage pipeline structure of conventional feature engineering. A state‐of‐the‐art deep framework, for general object detection, is suitably tailored for the task of pedestrian detection. A densely connected convolutional network is employed to learn the desired features. A two‐stage approach is proposed to separate the human‐look‐alike hard negative backgrounds from the true pedestrians. Besides, feature maps from multiple intermediate layers are taken into consideration to facilitate small‐scale detection. The proposed method alongside a few competent schemes is compared on the benchmark Caltech and INRIA datasets, where the log average miss rate is set as the performance metric. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of our approach in addressing the real‐world challenges.
Tectonic evolution of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China: Insights from metamafic rocks of the Songshugou Complex
Authors: Diwu Chunrong , Long Xiaoping 
Published: October 2018

High‐pressure (HP) and ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks have been widely recognized in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt (NQOB). The nature and age of their protoliths can provide insights into the formation and evolution of the NQOB. The Songshugou Complex, which crops out along the Shangdan Suture Zone, mainly consists of high‐grade metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic rocks, and thus, this area is an important study site for understanding the tectonic evolution of the NQOB. The metamafic rocks that enclose the ultramafic rocks are overwhelmingly composed of amphibolites that primarily exhibit amphibolite‐facies metamorphism, and minor garnet amphibolites (retrograde eclogite) and HP mafic granulites occur as discontinuous lenses or blocks within these amphibolites. Laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS) U–Pb dating on zircons yielded ages of 499 ± 6, 507 ± 5, and 504 ± 10 Ma for the HP mafic granulite, garnet amphibolite (retrograde eclogite), and amphibolite, respectively. Those ages were interpreted to represent timing of the HP granulite or amphibolite metamorphism that occurred during later exhumation. Relict omphacites discovered in both garnet and zircon as well as in the matrix of the garnet amphibolite indicate that the rock underwent eclogite‐facies metamorphism and subsequent rapid exhumation. However, the timing of the different metamorphic stages cannot be distinguished from the zircon ages obtained using the LA‐ICPMS technique. The protolith age of the complex is constrained to be the early Neoproterozoic. Geochemical data indicate that the protoliths of the Songshugou metamafic rocks are of continental origin. These Neoproterozoic continental mafic rocks most likely formed during the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and were mainly derived from low‐degree partial melting of the asthenosphere with some lithospheric mantle contribution, within an extensional regime. All the available data reveal that the NQOB was one of the components of the Rodinia supercontinent and that it was likely involved in the Grenville orogenic belt and subsequently separated from the supercontinent at approximately 830–740 Ma.
Prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse is associated with suicidal ideation in older adults
Authors: Schepis Ty S. , Simoni‐Wastila Linda , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesSuicide in older adults is a major public health issue. Past research across the US adult population has linked prescription medication misuse with suicidal ideation. No work has evaluated associations between prescription opioid or benzodiazepine misuse and suicidal ideation in older adults, and this work aimed to address that gap.Methods/designData were from adults 50 years and older participating in the 2015 to 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 17 608). Design‐based logistic regression evaluated links between any past‐year prescription opioid or benzodiazepine use without misuse or prescription misuse and past‐year suicidal ideation, after controlling for sociodemographic, physical health, mental health, and substance use correlates associated with suicidal ideation.ResultsAfter controlling for all correlates, past‐year use without misuse of prescription opioids or benzodiazepines was not associated with past‐year suicidal ideation in older adults. In contrast, past‐year opioid misuse (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07‐3.19) and benzodiazepine misuse (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.01‐3.94) were significantly associated with past‐year suicidal ideation, even after controlling for all covariates. While 2.2% of US older adults not engaged in either opioid or benzodiazepine misuse reported past‐year suicidal ideation, 25.4% of those who misused both medication classes endorsed such suicidality (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI = 2.07‐10.79).ConclusionsBoth past‐year prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse are associated with past‐year suicidal ideation in US older adults. Clinicians encountering older adult patients at‐risk for or engaged in prescription medication misuse also should screen for suicidality.
Regional brain volume reductions in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: An analysis by voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: Niida Richi , Yamagata Bun , Matsuda Hiroshi , Niida Akira , Uechi Akihiko , Kito Shinsuke , Mimura Masaru 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe present study investigated the usefulness of evaluating the existence of volume reduction in brain regions using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to dissociate major depressive disorder (MDD) from bipolar disorder (BD).Methods/DesignThis study enrolled 92 individuals with MDD, 32 individuals with BD, and 43 healthy controls (HCs). We focused on gray matter volume (GMV) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), subcallosal area (SCA), and hippocampus. The degree of volume reduction in these brain regions was calculated as the z score, and the differences of z scores in these regions were investigated among the MDD, BD, and HC groups. We then performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to dissociate the individuals with MDD and BD from the HCs based on the z scores in the GMV of these brain regions.ResultsWhile there were no significant differences in the z scores of the hippocampus among the three groups, the z score of the sgACC was significantly higher in the MDD group than in the BD and HC groups, and the SCA z score was significantly higher in the MDD and BD groups than in the HC group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that VBM evaluation of GMV reduction in the sgACC may be useful as an objective adjunctive tool to distinguish between MDD and BD.
Intergenerational differences in social support for the community‐living elderly in Beijing, China
Authors: Cheng Yang , Xi Jing , Rosenberg Mark W. , Gao Siyao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsThe combination of the rapid process of social‐economic development, urbanization, and population ageing brings many challenges for care providers and quality of life of the community‐living elderly in Beijing, China. This research aims to understand the intergenerational differences of social support for the elderly in the socio‐cultural context of Beijing.Methods and ResultsTo answer this research question, we collected 30 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews from elders aged 60 and over in three communities in Beijing. The constant comparative method was used for analysis. The results show that the young‐old (people aged 60 to 74) received more formal social support and less informal social support compared to their parents' generation. The formal social support they received was not much different but they received less informal social support compared to the older‐old (people aged 75 and over) living in the same communities. The young‐old expect to receive more formal social support when they become the older‐old, as the informal social support from their children would be reduced due to the one‐child policy and socio‐cultural changes.ConclusionsIntergenerational differences of social support for the elderly do exist in the form of instrumental, financial, and emotional support. The findings help us understand how socio‐economic development and urbanization processes affect the daily life and social support of the community‐living elderly from different age groups, and also provides knowledge for improving the quality of life for the elderly in Beijing.
Heat transfer and pressure drop of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a tube equipped with double twisted tape inserts with different pitch ratios
Authors: Aghaie Abolfazl , Rabienataj Darzi A. Ali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of dual twisted tape inserts with different pitches on turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop are numerically investigated. A nanofluid is flowed inside a circular tube, which is under a constant heat flux condition. The Reynolds number varies from 5000 to 20 000 at a fixed Prandtl number of 7. Nine different cases are considered in the current study; three cases consist of a single twisted tape insert, three cases are related to twin twisted tapes with identical pitches, and the remaining cases consist of dual twisted tapes with different pitches for each insert. The predicted results indicate that inserting a dual twisted tape effectively increases the heat transfer 1.5 times more than that of the single insert with the penalty of high pressure drop. Also, the relative Nusselt number decreases with increase in Reynolds number for all the investigated cases. The heat transfer rates induced by dual inserts with different pitch ratios are higher than those with identical pitch ratios. Moreover, the maximum and minimum thermal performances belong to cases with Tr
1 = 2,
Tr
2 = 3 and
Tr
1 = 2,
Tr
2 = 2, respectively. And finally, it is stated here that adding nanoparticles improves the thermal performance of all cases in all the investigated Reynolds numbers.
Evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol‐alginate based hydrogel for precise 3D bioprinting
Authors: Yu Fei , Han Xiao , Zhang Kaijia , Dai Bingyang , Shen Sheng , Gao Xiang , Teng Huajian , Wang Xingsong , Li Lan , Ju Huangxian , Wang Wei , Zhang Junfeng , Jiang Qing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we designed a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐alginate based hydrogel and evaluated its cytocompatibility and printability. The samples were fabricated by 3D printing using a freeze–thaw process. The scanning electron microscope, material testing machine, rheometer, and cell counting kit‐8 assay were used to examine the morphology, mechanical properties, rheological properties, and cytocompatiblity of the scaffolds, respectively. The mechanical strength, cytocompatiblity, crosslinking time, and printability were remarkably improved with the use of PVA. To sum up, our data suggest that hybrid bio‐ink is more appropriate for precise 3D bioprinting due to its rapid prototyping capability and better cytocompatibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2944–2954, 2018.
The spectrum for large sets of ‐GDDs of type
Authors: Niu Xiaolei , Cao Haitao , Javadi Ramin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA ‐group divisible design (GDD) is called simple if no two blocks are identical. Two simple ‐GDDs and are called disjoint if . A set of more than two simple ‐GDDs is called disjoint if each pair of them is disjoint. The collection of disjoint ‐GDDs of type is called a large set. In this paper, we completely solve the existence of large sets of ‐group divisible designs (GDDs) of type and the existence of a simple ‐GDD of type .