bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Illness, the Media, and the Moral Politics of Mass Violence
Authors: Duxbury Scott W. , Frizzell Laura C. , Lindsay Sadé L. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: We examine how news media portrays the causes of mass shootings for shooters of different races. Specifically, we explore whether White men are disproportionately framed as mentally ill, and what narratives media tend to invoke when covering mass shootings through the lens of mental illness as opposed to other explanatory frames. Methods: The study examines a unique data set of 433 news documents covering 219 mass shootings between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. It analyzes the data using a mixed methods approach, combining logistic regression with content analysis. Results: Quantitative findings show that Whites and Latinos are more likely to have their crime attributed to mental illness than Blacks. Qualitative findings show that rhetoric within these discussions frame White men as sympathetic characters, while Black and Latino men are treated as perpetually violent threats to the public. Conclusions: Results suggest that there is racial variability in how the media assign blame to mass shooters. While Black men and Latinos are cast as violently inclined, White men are treated as victims or sympathetic characters. Results also indicate that there are noteworthy differences in how blame is assigned to Black men and Latinos.
Effects of proprioceptive training on the incidence of ankle sprain in athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Vasconcelos Gabriela Souza , Cini Anelize , Sbruzzi Graciele , Lima Cláudia Silveira 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To investigate how dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position sense, and incidence of ankle sprain are influenced by balance training in athletes compared with the control group in randomized clinical trials. Data sources: The search strategy included MEDLINE, Physical Therapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were published by June of 2018. Methods: RCTs that evaluate the effectiveness of proprioception in these outcomes: dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position, and the incidence of ankle sprains in athletes aged between 18 and 35 years. Two reviewers independently screened the searched records, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. The treatment effect sizes were pooled in a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.2 software. Internal validity was assessed through topics suggested by Cochrane Collaborations. Results: Of the 12 articles included ( n = 1817), eight were in the meta-analysis ( n = 1722). The balance training reduced the incidence of ankle sprains in 38% compared with the control group ( RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90). In relation to the dynamic neuromuscular control, the training showed increase in the distance of reach in the anterior (0.62 cm, 95% CI: 0.13–1.11), posterolateral (4.22 cm, 95% CI: 1.76–6.68), and posteromedial (3.65 cm, 95% CI: 1.03–6.26) through the Star Excursion Balance test. Furthermore, training seems to improve postural sway and joint position sense. Conclusion: Balance training reduces the incidence of ankle sprains and increases dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, and the joint position sense in athletes.
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like: a new biomarker in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Ercan , Gul Mehmet , Melekoglu Rauf , Inci Coskun Ebru , Sahin Nurhan , Gul Semir , Bastemur Ayse Gulcin , Ciplak Baris 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Endometrial cancer is the most frequent tumor of the female genital tract. Ubiquitin is a small protein (8.5 kDa) found in all eukaryotic cells, binds to substrate proteins via a three-phase enzymatic pathway referred to as ubiquitination and plays an important role in cellular stability. Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) functions in the last phase of this enzymatic process. In this study, we investigated NEDD4L protein expression in endometrial cancer. Methods The study participants were divided into patients with benign endometrial pathologies (Group 1, n = 23), patients with endometrial hyperplasia (Group 2, n = 21) and patients with endometrial cancer (Group 3, n = 20). NEDD4L expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining and H scores were calculated to standardize staining intensity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0. Results NEDD4L expression levels according to H scores were significantly lower in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer compared with those with benign endometrial pathologies. Conclusion NEDD4L is involved in maintaining cell stability, and reduced NEDD4L expression as a result of gene mutation may disrupt this balance in favor of tumorigenesis.
Toward longitudinal studies of hemodynamically induced vessel wall remodeling
Authors: Bozzetto Michela , Brambilla Paolo , Rota Stefano , Ene-Iordache Bogdan , Sironi Sandro , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Remuzzi Andrea 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Autogenous arteriovenous fistula is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis, but it has high rates of non-maturation and early failure due to vascular stenosis. Convincing evidence supports a key role of local hemodynamics in vascular remodeling, suggesting that unsteady and disturbed flow conditions may be related to stenosis formation in arteriovenous fistula. The purpose of our study was to explore the feasibility of coupling contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics in longitudinal studies to identify the role of local hemodynamic changes over time in inducing vessel wall remodeling in arteriovenous fistula. Methods: We acquired contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging of arm vasculature at 1 week and 6 weeks after arteriovenous fistula creation in a 72-year-old patient. We then generated three-dimensional models and evaluated lumen cross-sectional area of arteriovenous fistula limbs. We performed high-resolution computational fluid dynamics to evaluate changes in local hemodynamics over time. Results: Our contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging protocol provided good quality images in a short scan duration. We observed a homogeneous dilatation in the proximal artery, while there was a more pronounced lumen dilatation in the venous outflow as compared to a limited dilatation in the juxta-anastomotic vein. Furthermore, we observed a slight stabilization of the flow pattern over time, suggesting that vascular outward remodeling accommodates the flow to a more helicoidally phenotype. Conclusion: Coupling contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution computational fluid dynamics represents a promising approach to shed more light in the mechanisms of vascular remodeling and can be used for prospective clinical investigations aimed at identifying critical hemodynamic factors contributing to arteriovenous fistula failure.
Evaluating a voriconazole dose modification guideline to optimize dosing in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Perreault Sarah , McManus Dayna , Anderson Anthony , Lin Tiffany , Ruggero Michael , Topal Jeffrey E 
Published: July 2018

Background Voriconazole is an azole antifungal utilized for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections in hematologic patients. Previous studies have revealed decreased efficacy and increased toxicity with subtherapeutic <1 mcg/mL and supratherapeutic > 4 mcg/mL levels. A voriconazole dose modification guideline was introduced in July 2014 based on a retrospective analysis. Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the voriconazole dose modification guideline. Secondary objectives were to identify patient-specific characteristics that contribute to inadequate levels, adverse effects, and breakthrough invasive fungal infections. Methods This prospective study included 128 patients with 250 admissions who received voriconazole from July 2014 to February 2016. Eligible adult patients receiving voriconazole for prophylaxis or treatment with at least one trough level, drawn appropriately, were included. Demographics, adverse effects, and breakthrough invasive fungal infections were documented. Results Voriconazole use was categorized as: new start, new start with loading dose, or continuation of home therapy. The median initial levels were 1.5, 3.5, and 1.7 mcg/mL with 62% (73/119), 55% (6/11), and 60% (72/120) within the therapeutic range, respectively. Using the voriconazole dose modification guideline, 80% were within goal by the second dose adjustment. Age ≤ 30 and BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 had higher rates of subtherapeutic levels in the new start cohorts ( p = 0.024 and p = 0.009). Approximately 7.6% of patients experienced an adverse effect with neurologic/psychological being the most common. A total of 8.5% of patients had a possible, probable or proven breakthrough invasive fungal infections while on voriconazole. Conclusion Using the voriconazole dose modification guideline, the number of patients that reached therapeutic range improved from 36% to 80% by the second dose adjustment ( p = 0.007). This voriconazole dose modification guideline can be utilized to help dose and adjust voriconazole in order to achieve therapeutic levels.
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chang Wei-wei , Liang Wei , Yao Xin-ming , Zhang Liu , Zhu Li-jun , Yan Chen , Jin Yue-long , Yao Ying-shui 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A total of 126 Chinese subjects were enrolled in this study, including 42 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 42 patients with DN and 42 healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze levels of TRAIL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Serum levels of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and various cytokines were detected with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of TRAIL mRNA in PBMCs and sTRAIL in sera were both significantly decreased in the DM and DN patients ( P < 0.05). Conversely, levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were higher in the DN group than in the control group. Serum levels of TRAIL positively correlated with TRAIL mRNA levels in all of the subjects examined ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results provide support and a theoretical basis for further research of TRAIL in regard to the pathogenesis of DN.
Game-play characteristics differ between the European Super League and the National Rugby League: Implications for coaching and talent recruitment
Authors: Woods Carl T , Leicht Anthony S , Jones Ben , Till Kevin 
Published: July 2018

Objectives To compare the game-play characteristics between the European Super League and the National Rugby League competitions. Methods Eleven team performance indicators were extracted from each match played by every European Super League and National Rugby League team over their respective 2016 season. Data were averaged, classified according to competition (two levels: European Super League and National Rugby League) and modelled using univariate and multivariate techniques. Specifically, effect size statistics enabled between group comparisons, while non-metric multidimensional scaling enabled multivariate insights into competition dissimilarity. Results Seven of the 11 performance indicators showed ‘large’ to ‘very large’ effects. Notably, National Rugby League game-play generated fewer ‘line breaks’, ‘errors’, ‘tackles’ and ‘dummy half runs’ relative to European Super League game-play ( d > 1.2). Despite the National Rugby League generating fewer ‘all runs’ ( d = 1.27 [0.57–1.95]), game-play in this competition generated greater ‘all run distances’ relative to the European Super League ( d = 1.78 [1.02–2.51]). Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear multivariate competition dissimilarity, with European Super League and National Rugby League teams orienting distinctive positions on the ordination surface. Further, there was a greater spread in the relative positioning of National Rugby League teams compared to European Super League teams, indicating greater team dissimilarity within the National Rugby League. Conclusions Our observations may be explained by differing competition rule interpretations, in addition to differing game strategies and player skill capabilities. Both coaches and talent recruitment managers associated with these competitions may consider our data to assist with the identification and recruitment of suitable players from these respective competitions.
Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children
Authors: Batliner T.S. , Tiwari T. , Henderson W.G. , Wilson A.R. , Gregorich S.E. , Fehringer K.A. , Brega A.G. , Swyers E. , Zacher T. , Harper M.M. , Plunkett K. , Santo W. , Cheng N.F. , Shain S. , Rasmussen M. , Manson S.M. , Albino J. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.
Hydrothermal alteration products in the vicinity of the Ahırözü kaolin deposits, Mihalıççık-Eskişehir,Turkey
Authors: Ömeroğlu Sayit Işil , Günal Türkmenoğlu Asuman , Sayin Ş. Ali , Demirci Cengiz 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe mineralogy, texture and composition of rocks associated with the kaolin deposits in the Ahırözü-Hamidiye-Üçbaşlı area, SE of Mihalıççık, Eskişehir, Turkey, were investigated. In the study area, Triassic, blue-green schists and serpentinized ultramafic rocks are exposed. Kaolinization occurs at the contact between a Triassic granitic intrusion and metamorphic rocks. Textural and mineralogical characteristics were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses. The effects of hydrothermal alteration on the whole-rock chemical composition were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Homogenization temperature (Th, °C), salinity, (wt.% NaCl) and melting temperature (Tm, °C) were detected by fluid-inclusion analyses.The argillic alteration zone (Zone A) includes kaolinite, smectite, natroalunite and accessory pyrite, hematite and goethite. This paragenesis corresponds to a low–intermediate argillic alteration caused by fluids having neutral to acidic pH, at a temperature of <200°C. The propylitic alteration zone (Zone B) is characterized by epidote, chlorite, illite and pyrite and was caused by fluids with a neutral pH and a temperature of >250°C. The rocks in Zone C are mainly silicified and represent sinter formation in the study area. The rocks in the kaolin deposit are depleted in Rb, Pb and Y and enriched in Cs, U and Sr, and represent the products of epithermal hydrothermal alteration of granitic intrusions emplaced in a volcanic arc.
The impact of patient choice on survival in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Quadery Syed Rehan , Swift Andrew J. , Billings Catherine G. , Thompson Alfred A.R. , Elliot Charles A. , Hurdman Judith , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Sabroe Ian , Armstrong Iain J. , Hamilton Neil , Sephton Paul , Garrad Sian , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Jenkins David P. , Screaton Nicholas , Rothman Alexander M. , Lawrie Allan , Cleveland Trevor , Thomas Steven , Rajaram Smitha , Hill Catherine , Davies Christine , Johns Christopher S. , Wild Jim M. , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. 
Published: July 2018

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, a proportion of patients with operable disease decline surgery. There are currently no published data on this patient group. The aim of this study was to identify outcomes and prognostic factors in a large cohort of consecutive patients with CTEPH.Data were collected for consecutive, treatment-naive CTEPH patients at the Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit of the Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Sheffield, UK) between 2001 and 2014.Of 550 CTEPH patients (mean±sdage 63±15 years, follow-up 4±3 years), 49% underwent surgery, 32% had technically operable disease and did not undergo surgery (including patient choice n=72 and unfit for surgery n=63), and 19% had inoperable disease due to disease distribution. The 5-year survival was superior in patients undergoing PEA (83%)versustechnically operable disease who did not undergo surgery (53%) and inoperable due to disease distribution (59%) (p<0.001). Survival was superior in patients following PEA compared with those offered but declining surgery (55%) (p<0.001). In patients offered PEA, independent prognostic factors included mixed venous oxygen saturation, gas transfer and patient decision to proceed to surgery.Outcomes in CTEPH following PEA are excellent and superior to patients declining surgery, and strongly favour consideration of a surgical intervention in eligible patients.
Recurrence rates in primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Walker Steven P. , Bibby Anna C. , Halford Paul , Stadon Louise , White Paul , Maskell Nick A. 
Published: July 2018

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) recurrence rates vary widely in the published literature, with limited data describing the factors that influence recurrence. The aims of this systematic review were to determine an estimation of PSP recurrence rates and describe risk factors for recurrence.A systematic review was conducted of all studies reporting PSP recurrence. Electronic searches were performed to identify English language publications of randomised trials and observational studies. The population was adults with PSP, who underwent conservative management, pleural aspiration or chest drainage. The outcome of interest was recurrence. Articles were screened and data extracted from eligible studies by two reviewers.Of 3607 identified studies, 29 were eligible for inclusion, comprising 13 548 patients. Pooled 1-year and overall recurrence rates were 29.0% (95% CI 20.9–37.0%) and 32.1% (95% CI 27.0–37.2%), respectively. Female sex was associated with increased recurrence (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.24–7.41), while smoking cessation was associated with a four-fold decrease in risk (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.63).I2for random effects meta-analysis was 94% (p<0.0001), reflecting high heterogeneity between studies.This systematic review demonstrates a 32% PSP recurrence rate, with greatest risk in the first year. Female sex was associated with higher risk, suggesting possible sex-specific pathophysiology.
Overlooked benefits of consumer credit growth: impact on formal employment
Authors: Aşık Güneş A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of consumer credit growth and expansion of consumer financial services on the reduction of informal employment in a developing country. I argue that financial services growth should lead to a decline in the share of informal employment given that consumers whose borrowing constraints are relaxed are more likely to purchase goods with consumer credit and more likely to demand formal contracts. I test this hypothesis by exploiting the regional variation in consumer credit growth in Turkey. In order to address the endogeneity of financial services, I employ minority population loss between 1893 and 1935 in as an instrument. The identification strategy relies on the fact that minorities were main users of financial instruments as they were the trading class in the former Ottoman Empire. The results provide evidence in favor of a positive causal impact of consumer credit growth on formal employment, especially on low-skilled labor.
Associations between Changes in Activity and Sleep Quality and Duration over Two Years
Authors: RAYWARD ANNA T. , BURTON NICOLA W. , BROWN WENDY J. , HOLLIDAY ELIZABETH G. , PLOTNIKOFF RONALD C. , DUNCAN MITCH J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Insufficient physical activity (PA) and inadequate sleep quality (SQ) and sleep duration (SD) are highly prevalent behaviors that increase the risk of developing many chronic health conditions. Evidence regarding bidirectional relationships between PA, SQ, and SD is inconsistent. As changes in one of these behaviors may impact on the other, it is important to understand the nature of the bidirectional relationship between PA and sleep. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in PA, SQ, and SD over a 2-yr period in middle-age adults.

Methods
Participants were adults age 42 to 72 yr from Brisbane, Australia. Mail surveys were used to assess PA, SQ, SD, sociodemographic and health characteristics in 2011 and 2013 (n = 3649). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between patterns of change in PA, SQ, and SD over the 2 yr.

Results
Improving or maintaining good SQ was associated with increasing or maintaining PA and maintaining PA was associated with maintaining or increasing SQ (P < 0.05). Changes in PA were not associated with changes in SD.

Conclusions
A bidirectional relationship between PA and SQ was identified; however, no evidence of a relationship in any direction between PA and SD was found. Multibehavior interventions targeting both PA and SQ are warranted. Middle-age adults with poor SQ may benefit from increasing PA and improving SQ may promote higher levels of activity.