bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer and giant dust particles during AER-D
Authors: Marenco Franco , Ryder Claire , Estellés Victor , O'Sullivan Debbie , Brooke Jennifer , Orgill Luke , Lloyd Gary , Gallagher Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) in the summertime eastern Atlantic is
typically well mixed and 3–4 km deep, overlying the marine boundary layer
(MBL). In this paper, we show experimental evidence that at times a very
different structure can be observed. During the AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) airborne campaign in
August 2015, the typical structure described above was observed most of the
time, and was associated with a moderate dust content yielding an aerosol
optical depth (AOD) of 0.3–0.4 at 355 nm. In an intense event, however, an
unprecedented vertical structure was observed close to the eastern boundary
of the basin, displaying an uneven vertical distribution and a very large AOD
(1.5–2), with most of the dust in a much lower level than usual (0.3–2 km).
Estimated dust concentrations and column loadings for all flights during the
campaign spanned 300–5500 and 0.8–7.5 g m−2,
respectively. The shortwave direct radiative impact of the intense dust event
has been evaluated to be as large as -260±30 and -120±15 W m−2 at the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA), respectively. We also
report the correlation of this event with anomalous lightning activity in the
Canary Islands. In all cases, our measurements detected a broad distribution of
aerosol sizes, ranging from ∼0.1 to ∼80 µm (diameter), thus highlighting the presence of giant particles.
Giant dust particles were also found in the MBL.
We note that most aerosol models may miss the giant particles
due to the fact that they use size bins up to 10–25 µm.
The unusual vertical structure and the giant particles may have
implications for dust transport over the Atlantic during intense
events and may affect the estimate of dust deposited to the ocean.
We believe that future campaigns could focus more on events with
high aerosol load and that instrumentation capable
of detecting giant particles will be key to dust observations in
this part of the world.
Inhibins regulate peripheral regulatory T cell induction through modulation of dendritic cell function
Authors: de la Fuente‐Granada Marisol , Olguín‐Alor Roxana , Ortega‐Francisco Sandra , Bonifaz Laura C. , Soldevila Gloria 
Published: December 2018

We have previously reported that the absence of inhibins results in impaired dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function, leading to decreased T cell activation and diminished delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses. Here, we investigated the role of inhibins in peripheral regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in vitro and in vivo. Inhibin deficient (Inhα−/−) mice showed an increased percentage of peripherally induced Tregs in colonic lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes, compared to Inhα+/+ mice, which correlated with increased expression of PD‐L1 in CD103+ and CD8α+ DCs. Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived and ex vivo spleen‐ and lymph node‐purified CD11c+ Inhα−/− DCs induced higher Tregs in vitro. Moreover, in vivo anti‐DEC205‐ovalbumin (OVA) DC targeting of mice with adoptively transferred OVA‐specific T cells showed enhanced induced peripheral Treg conversion in Inhα−/− mice. These data identify inhibins as key regulators of peripheral T cell tolerance.
C
ryptosporangiaceae
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Cryp.to.spo.ran.gi.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Cryptosporangium
, type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Cryptosporangiaceae
, the
Cryptosporangium
family.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / Cryptosporangiaceae

Phylogenetically, a member of the order “
Frankiales
”. The family contains the genera
Cryptosporangium
and
Fodinicola
. Although most members of the order “
Frankiales
” do not form both substrate and aerial mycelia, members of this family show these structures. Sporangiospores occur occasionaly. Motile or nonmotile. Cross‐linkage of peptidoglycan is by the A type. The diagnostic diamino acids include
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. Each peptidoglycan is directly linked without interpeptide bridges, and the muramic acid in peptidoglycan is
N
‐acetylated. Methyl 14‐methylpentadecanoate (iso‐C
16:0
) is the prominent fatty acid, but C
17:1
, 10‐methyl C
17:0
, and C
18:1
may also be present. Menaquinones MK‐9(H
6
), MK‐9(H
4
), and MK‐9(H
8
) are the predominant isoprenoid quinones, and MK‐9(H
2
) may also be present.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 65 and 76.

Type genus
:
Cryptosporangium
Tamura Hayakawa and Hatano 1998, 1003
VP
.
L
ongimicrobiaceae
Authors: Pascual Javier , Genilloud Olga 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Lon.gi.mi.cro.bi.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Longimicrobium
type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Longimicrobiaceae
the
Longimicrobium
family.

Gemmatimonadetes / Longimicrobia / Longimicrobiales / Longimicrobiaceae

The
Longimicrobiaceae
are delineated from other taxa based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The family is a member of the order
Longimicrobiales
within the class
Longimicrobia
(formerly group 3 of the taxonomic scheme proposed by Hanada and Sekiguchi, 2014). Gram‐negative, nonmotile, short to long rod‐shaped bacteria with an aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism. Mesophilic, neutrophilic or slightly alkaliphilic, and nonhalophilic bacteria. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
, summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH), C
16:0
, and iso‐C
17:0
. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids, and three phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8. The diagnostic diamino acid is meso‐diaminopimelic acid. The sole cultured representative of the family so far is the type strain of
Longimicrobium terrae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.0 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Longimicrobium
Pascual, García‐López, Bills and Genilloud 2016, 1982
VP
.
C
ryptosporangium
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Cryp.to.spo.ran'gi.um. Gr. adj.
kryptos
hidden; N.L. n.
sporangium
[from Gr. fem. n.
spora
a seed (and in biology a spore) and Gr. neut. n.
angeion
(Latin transliteration
angium
) vessel], sporangium; N.L. neut. n.
Cryptosporangium
an organism with sporangia (spore containing vessels) covered or hidden by mycelium.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / Cryptosporangiaceae / Cryptosporangium

Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid‐fast, aerobic organisms with branching hyphae. Nonfragmentary substrate mycelia are present. The sporangia and aerial mycelia aggregate (Figure 1), and
sporangiospores show motility
when they are suspended in water. Morphology of a 2‐week‐old culture grown on inorganic salts‐starch agar shows the presence of aerial mycelia. Strictly aerobic. Good growth occurs at 20–25°C. The organisms show good growth on oatmeal agar, inorganic salts‐starch agar, and peptone‐yeast extract iron agar. In general, the vegetative mycelia are yellow to orange, and the aerial mycelia are white.

Cell walls contain glutamic acid, glucosamine, glycine, alanine, and
meso
‐DAP

. Glucose and acofriose (3‐
O
‐methyl‐rhamnose) are detected as whole‐cell sugars. Major cellular fatty acids are C
17:1
, C
18:1
, and C
16:0
iso. The major menaquinone is MK‐9(H
6
); small amounts of MK‐9(H
4
) and MK‐9(H
8
) are also present. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol are present as diagnostic phospholipids.
The acyl type of the cell wall polysaccharides is acetyl
(Tamura et al., 1998). Isolated from soil.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 70–76 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Cryptosporangium arvum
Tamura, Hayakawa and Hatano 1998, 1003
VP
.
P
aeniglutamicibacter
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen , Wieser Monika 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Pae.ni.glu.ta.mi.ci.bac'ter. L. adv.
paene,
nearly, almost; N.L. masc. n.
Glutamicibacter
a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n.
Paeniglutamicibacter
almost
Glutamicibacter
.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / Paeniglutamicibacter

The genus
Paeniglutamicibacter
contains the species
Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus, Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans, Paeniglutamicibacter gangotriensis, Paeniglutamicibacter kerguelensis, Paeniglutamicibacter psychrophenolicus,
and
Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus
. Cells are rod shaped when growing exponentially and are coccoid when reaching the stationary growth phase (rod–coccus cycle). Cells are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Colonies are yellow pigmented. The species of this genus share high 16S rRNA similarities (>96.9%). The peptidoglycan type is A4α (Lys–Glu; A11.54;
https://www.dsmz.de/?id=449
). The quinone system contains menaquinone MK‐9 or MK‐10 as major components. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Phosphatidylinositol is absent. Major fatty acid is anteiso‐C
15:0
. High amounts of iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
17:0
, and C
16 :0
may also be present.

Representatives of the genus have been isolated from soil, oil brine, Southern Ocean sediment of Antarctica, Antarctic sea water, penguin rookery soil, and an alpine ice cave.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58–68.

Type species
: (Stackebrandt, Fowler, Fiedler and Seiler 1983) Busse 2016, 30
VP
(
Arthrobacter sulfureus
, Stackebrandt, Fowler, Fiedler and Seiler 1984, 270).
P
yrinomonas
Authors: Stott Matthew B , Carere Carlo R , Greening Chris , Morgan Xochitl C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Py.ri.no.mo'nas. Gr. adj.
pyrinos
born of fire, igneous, fiery; Gr. fem. n.
monas
a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Pyrinomonas
fire unit (bacterium).

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Pyrinomonadaceae / Pyrinomonas

The genus
Pyrinomonas
is represented by a single species,
Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes
. Cells are nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming rods. Gram‐negative, catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Cells divide by binary fission. Thermophilic and moderately acidophilic. Obligately aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Growth on a limited selection of peptides, saccharides, and organic acids. Hydrogen is oxidized to subatmospheric concentrations when cells are carbon‐limited. The principal fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, iso‐C
19:0
, and iso‐C
21:0
. Transmembrane and ether‐linked lipids, including iso‐diabolic acid and the glyceryl ethers of iso‐C
15:0
and iso‐diabolic acid, comprise up to 40% of cell lipid extract. Primary cellular lipids are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. MK‐8 is the primary respiratory quinone and G + C content of 59.36 mol%. Members of the class
Blastocatellia
, family
Pyrinomonadaceae
. The type strain was isolated from geothermally heated soils in New Zealand.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.36 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes
Crowe, Power, Morgan, Dunfield, Lagutin, Rijpstra, Vyssotski, Sinninghe Damsté, Houghton, Ryan and Stott 2014, 225
VP
.
Parallel Label‐Free Isolation of Cancer Cells Using Arrays of Acoustic Microstreaming Traps
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Martin Aida , Soto Fernando , Angsantikul Pavimol , Li Jinxing , Chen Chuanrui , Liang Yuyan , Hu Junhui , Zhang Liangfang , Wang Joseph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new parallel label‐free isolation platform for isolating cancer cells (>10 µm) from biological samples using an array of acoustic microstreaming traps is demonstrated. The new microstreaming trapping platform offers high isolation efficiency and treatment in spiked diluted (1:2) blood samples without labeling, extra processing steps or sheath flows (common to other label‐free cell‐separation methods), hence, simplifying the microfluidic set‐up and operation. The versatility of this label‐free method is illustrated by the size‐dependent isolation of synthetic colloids and by three different models of breast cancer cells, showing a remarkably high isolation efficiency (95 ± 5%), being ≈100% for MCF‐7. Extensive experimental data and theoretical simulations confirm that the local acoustic microstreaming produced by the micropillar trap can discriminate and isolate microparticles based solely on their size. Moreover, the parallel isolation generated by the trap array arrangement is capable of effectively improving the capturing efficiency. The tunable and reversible properties of the acoustic microstreaming allow for cell capturing and optical detection within the trapping area, followed by cell release, enrichment, and collection for further studies. This label‐free trapping strategy can open numerous new opportunities for rapid and sensitive detection and capture of cancer cells in biological samples for meaningful clinical applications.
3D‐Printed Microelectrodes with a Developed Conductive Network and Hierarchical Pores toward High Areal Capacity for Microbatteries
Authors: Zhou Lin , Ning Weiwei , Wu Chen , Zhang Dou , Wei Weifeng , Ma Jianmin , Li Chengchao , Chen Libao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobatteries with a very narrow footprint require a high areal capacity to supply sufficient energy to power electronics. Here, 3D architected microelectrodes with high areal loadings are manufactured by 3D direct ink writing and freeze‐drying techniques to achieve high areal capacity for lithium‐ion microbatteries. The elaborate design of electrode configurations and the freeze‐drying treatment lead to hierarchical pores, which enhance the penetration of electrolyte and the transport of Li+. Meanwhile, the designed configurations prompt carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form an interconnected conductive network in the whole electrode, thereby promoting fast electron transfer. As a result, the freestanding 3D‐printed lithium iron phosphate (LFP) microelectrodes show superior rate capacity and cycle stability compared to those of electrodes prepared through coating. The LFP microelectrodes still deliver an ultrahigh areal capacity of 5.05 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles even with a higher areal loading of 32 mg cm−2, exhibiting a high capacity retention rate of 96.6%. Moreover, the full microbatteries assembled with the 3D‐printed LFP and lithium titanate (LTO) microelectrodes show good electrochemical performance.
Enhanced Mass Transfer and Improved Catalyst Recovery in a Stirred Reactor by Polymeric Ionic Liquids Modified 3D Printed Devices
Authors: Wu Juanjuan , Yan Ying , Zhang Lijing , Qin Zizhen , Tao Shengyang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMass transfer and catalyst recovery are both influential factors in heterogeneous catalytic processes, which significantly affect the reaction efficiency. Therefore, design and fabrication of reactors and catalysts with reasonable structure and property are central issues in heterogeneous reactions. Herein, agitating impeller (AI) with prismatic structure and catalytic property is conveniently constructed via the combination of 3D printing technology and polymeric ionic liquids (PILs). The further modification of the PILs on impellers endowed them with the ability of ion exchange, which helped to load Pd nanoparticles on the surface as catalysts for reduction, Suzuki coupling, and dye decolorization reactions. Prisms on the impellers significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency of these reactions through improving the mass transfer. The yield reaches nearly 100%. Catalytic impellers could be easily separated from the reactor and without a visible leak of Pd catalysts so that they could repeatedly be used more than ten times with high performance. The numerical simulation and experimental characterizations are both used to explore the mechanism of the mass transfer and the activity of the catalytic surface, which give a full understanding of the benefits of 3D printing and PILs in heterogeneous reactions.
The Optical Frequency Standards for the Realization of the Meter
Authors: Matus Michael , Haas Stefan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOptical‐frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and have many applications from length measurement to atomic clocks and much more. The evolution of optical‐frequency standards has been considerable. Originally introduced as primary realizations for the meter, they have evolved to optical clocks, which surpass the uncertainty and stability of microwave clocks. Herein, the status of the development of optical‐frequency standards as far as length metrology is concerned is reviewed, giving a broad overview of the historical context, as well as an outlook about future evolution.
The influence of high temperature oxidation on molecular structure and performance of aviation base oils
Authors: Ma Jun , Fei Yiwei , Wu Nan , Sun Shian , Wang Yuelun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the dioctyl adipate (DIOA) and poly‐α‐olefin (PAO) were comparatively study to systematic evaluate the influence of high temperature oxidation on the molecular structure and performance of the base oil. Even the DIOA has better antioxidation properties, antioxidant could significantly reduce the molecular structure damage during high temperature oxidation for the both two kinds of base oils. Because the decrement of kinematic viscosity was slow down after antioxidant was added into the base oils, the kinematic viscosity ratio of DIOA and PAO is nearly 1.7 after oxidation at 300°C, which is down to 1.2 while antioxidant is applied. Based on the DSC analysis, the antioxidant could postpone the oxidation process of the PAO and DIOA oil samples and have longer oxidation induction time (17.5 and 35.1 min) and higher incipient oxidation temperature (262.3°C and 243.8°C), respectively. The oxidation induction time of DIOA is nearly twice (or triple) the value of PAO4, which suggests a much better antioxidation performance of DIOA. The GCMS results elucidate that the species and quantities of oxidation products are reduced simultaneously.
Effect of different acids during the synthesis of urea‐formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium‐density fiberboards bonded with them
Authors: Dorieh Ali , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Mamaghani Manochehr , Pizzi Antonio , Mohammadi Zeydi Masoud 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) adhesives condensed by catalysis with four different acids, namely formic (HCOOH), hydrochloric (HCl), phosphoric (H3PO4), and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, under alkaline–acidic–alkaline conditions at a molar ratio F/U = 1.12 were studied. The thermal curing properties of UF adhesives catalyzed with acid were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 °C/min heating rate. The resin structure examined by13C‐NMR spectroscopy showed that the resin catalyzed with HCl had a lower proportion of methylol groups, resulting in a lower level of formaldehyde emission. It was interesting to note that HCOOH resulted in the best overall mechanical properties of the medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The HCl catalyst resulted in the poorest performance, providing the lowest internal bond strength, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content. The resin catalyzed with H2SO4had the highest free formaldehyde and the highest formaldehyde emission. H2SO4and H3PO4resulted in MDF mechanical properties relatively lower than for HCOOH. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47256.
Influence of process parameters on mechanical properties of physically foamed, fiber reinforced polypropylene parts
Authors: Kastner Clemens , Steinbichler Georg , Kahlen Susanne , Jerabek Michael 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDue to the high complexity of the foaming technology, the relationship between processing and final properties of parts produced is not completely understood. Investigating the causality chain Processing–Morphology–Properties is of great importance, especially for the automotive industry, in order to be able to tailor the mechanical properties of foamed parts. This article examines and qualifies the effects of seven process parameters (melt/mold temperature, degree of foaming, injection speed, delay time, gas content, and back pressure) on biaxial bending and flexural behavior—the predominant deformation mechanisms in interior automotive applications—of foamed plaques, using the MuCell process. The results clearly show that three major factors (mold temperature, degree of foaming, and delay time) have significant impact on the mechanical properties of the foamed parts. For a clear understanding of these interactions, computed tomography scans of certain plaques are correlated to process parameters and mechanical performance. This article should forge a bridge between production and performance. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47275.
A quantitative LC–MS/MS method for determination of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 in mouse plasma and brain tissue
Authors: Zhong Bo , Li Yaxin , Idippily Nethrie , Petty Aaron , Su Bin , Wang Bingcheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompound 27 {1, 12‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]dodecane‐1,12‐dione} is a novel small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase. It showed much improved activity for the activation of EphA2 receptor compared with the parental compound doxazosin. To support further pharmacological and toxicological studies of the compound, a method using liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed for the quantification of this compound. Liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract the compound from mouse plasma and brain tissue homogenate. Reverse‐phase chromatography with gradient elution was performed to separate compound 27 from the endogenous molecules in the matrix, followed by MS detection using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Multiple reaction monitoring transitions m/z 387.3 → 290.1 and m/z 384.1 → 247.1 were selected for monitoring compound 27 and internal standard prazosin, respectively. The linear calibration range was 2–200 ng/mL with the intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy within the acceptable range. This method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of compound 27 in mouse plasma and brain tissue with different drug administration routes.
Mapping circular economy activities in the European Union: Patterns of implementation and their correlates in small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Katz‐Gerro Tally , López Sintas Jordi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the European Commission looking for ways to incentivize the adoption of circular economy (CE) activities by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union (EU), further insights into the implementation of CE activities across member states are needed. We analyse a European Commission survey conducted in 2016 among approximately 11,000 firms in EU‐28 member states in order to throw light on the conditions in which SMEs engage in five specific CE activities. In contrast to previous studies arguing that CE activities are independent of each other, we present novel findings demonstrating that seven patterns of engagement in CE can be identified in which activities are systematically interdependent. Further, we show that these patterns are associated with the organizational properties of SMEs and are differentially distributed among EU member states and industrial sectors. The interdependency of activities forms a hierarchy in which waste minimization is the most likely activity to be implemented in SMEs, followed, in descending order of likelihood, by replanning of energy use, redesigning products and services, and finally using renewable energy and replanning water usage. The findings have theoretical, managerial, and policy implications for the adoption of interdependent CE activities.