bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Continuous vs Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Cardiac Autonomic Remodeling
Authors: Landram Michael , McAnulty Steven , Utter Alan , Baldari Carlo , Guidetti Laura , Collier Scott 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the cardiac autonomic nervous system differences following either continuous vs. discontinuous exercise in males and females. Forty-seven healthy male and female subjects (M=19, F=28; Age=36.95±13.79) underwent a baseline test for VO2peak and tilt table testing. They were assigned to a one-month control period before returning to repeat the testing and then begin one month of either continuous aerobic treadmill work for 30 min at 70% peak heart rate (N=23) or 3 bouts of 10 min at 70% of peak heart rate with two 10-min break periods in between (N=24). Following exercise, both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in VO2peak (p<0.001). Treatment differences were detected while tilted in continuous as a decreases in the percentage of instances within an hour that the normal sinus interval exceeds 50 ms (p=0.036) and in the high-frequency component (p=0.023). While supine, the discontinuous group saw reduction in heart rate (p=0.004), and an increase in high-frequency (p=0.018). These data suggest that for healthy people either continuous or discontinuous aerobic training is effective in improving measures of fitness; however discontinuous is better able to improve supine indices of vagal activity on heart rate variability.
Translating in the Pacific
Authors: Hong Joseph P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This report covers Oceania, including the Polynesian Triangle but excluding Australia and PNG. Oral tradition still dominates local speech communities. The report reviews how “translation” is expressed by a dozen major languages, then traces early contacts between islanders and western explorers when communication was needed. Translation involving Christian literature started in earnest when the first missionaries arrived at the turn of the 19th century. The Bible was rendered into sixteen languages during the first hundred years and during the second, into ten others. Translators have faced lexical challenges because many biblical terms have no equivalents in Pacific languages. Translation activities slowed down in early 20th century due to the World Wars, and in recent decades, due to little need of proselytism because Pacific islanders have been converted to Christianity and are conversant in English or French. Bible translation still continues because islanders prefer reading the book of their faith in their own language, and is carried out by native speakers according to current policy.
Recent tradition in Australia
Authors: Gentile Adolfo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This report offers a diachronic view of the concept of Translation in Australia from the time of British colonisation. It traces the events in Translation practice which have led to the current, broadly instrumental view of Translation. From the attempts at Bible translation into indigenous languages, to the provision of a telephone interpreter service, Translation was first an instrument of colonisation, then of religious conversion and, since World War 2 in particular, part of the armoury in the nation-building efforts through the migration program.
Japanese conceptualizations of ‘translation’
Authors: Wakabayashi Judy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chinese characters were a crucial factor shaping translation praxis and attitudes in Japan, providing the foundation for a procedure (performed textually or mentally) known as kanbun kundoku (‘Japanese reading of Chinese text’) that allowed direct understanding of Chinese texts. This largely bypassed ‘conventional’ Translation for a millennium and led to an acceptance of a hybrid written language. The arrival of European languages in the sixteenth century and vernacular renditions of Chinese novels from the seventeenth century introduced a parallel trajectory resembling ‘conventional’ Translation. Translations have had a major impact on Japanese knowledge, literature and the language itself, although it was not until the late nineteenth century that literary translation began to be conceived of as an art. Despite shifts over time, the predominant thread has been a source-oriented approach, and translative language has long constituted an accepted, even desirable, register because of its association with ‘superior’ source cultures.
The concept of translation in Slavic cultures
Authors: Jettmarová Zuzana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This report traces the evolution of the concept of translation in Slavic cultures from the Early Middle Ages up to the post-WWII period. It was through translation in the 9th–11th centuries that the written Slavic vernacular emerged. The very first translations aimed at sense and were not slavishly literal, although they calqued the Greek textual pattern and style because they used a Slavic dialect as a target language. Irrespective of a variety of terms, the concept of translation was based on methods oscillating between literalness and adaptation. The concept also changed with historical contexts and the role of translation that emerged in the different cultural environments involved the requirement for an integral representation of the original in terms of both content and form.
Hispanic South America
Authors: Echeverri Álvaro , Bastin Georges L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Polysystems theory teaches us that the selection of texts to be translated is influenced by the conditions of the target culture. This idea can be corroborated throughout the different historical periods identified for the study of translation and translations in Hispanic South America. In the colony, translations of religious texts into the indigenous languages aimed at cultural assimilation. By the end of the colony, “American Spaniards” or criollos used translation as a matrix for both textual and aesthetical forms. This resulted in the creation of the first bodies of political texts and the appropriation of literary themes and values both from Europe and North America. After independence, translation was instrumental in the education of the new citizens, and in more recent times thanks to the ideas about translation conveyed by authors such as Octavio Paz and Jorge Luis Borges, translation in the region has been often associated to the irreverent concept of creative infidelity. This chapter leads to the conclusion that while recreation is the “translation norm” in Hispanic South America it is false to pretend that everything the region has created has been copied.
Translation in Central America and Mexico
Authors: Castro Nayelli 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Colonial history has provided Central America and Mexico with a deceiving linguistic homogeneity, under which a diversity of indigenous languages has resisted and survived. Rather than limited to the relationship between a source and a target text, in this report, translation practices are mapped against the background of wider discourses used in independence struggles, language policies, and literary movements. Specifically, translation is analyzed in three sub-contexts: (a) translation in the shaping of political concepts used in independence documents; (b) implicit and explicit translation practices resulting from language policies, and (c) translation as a common thread in the ‘multi-lettered’ republics.
Translation and North America
Authors: Guzmán María Constanza , Hébert Lyse 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this entry of the Atlas we discuss the experience of translation in the territories known as Canada and the United States. Our starting point to study the relationships between translation and these territories is a critical reframing. After establishing the conceptual and methodological ground for our discussion, we present translation in these two North American countries as an ongoing historical experience from various perspectives including colonization, nation-building, imperialism, border and migration, and intellectual and literary life. We address the similarities and differences between Canada and the United States as they relate to specific historical processes. We then discuss translation’s scholarly narratives as they have emerged and circulated in North America, and close with a reflection on some future implications of our proposed reframing – an attempt to provincialize North America – for translation studies as a program.
Inflectional uniformity in the present subjunctive in the dialects of central Friuli
Authors: Da Tos Martina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the evolution of the Latin verb system into (Italo-)Romance varieties, affixal allomorphy based on inflectional classes (‘conjugations’) has normally been preserved (Maiden 2011). Yet the present subjunctive pattern looks exceptional: in this case, the original allomorphy has typically been neutralized, giving way to unprecedented, uniform patterns. A careful examination of data from the dialects of Friuli suggests that the inflectional changes leading to uniformity are due not to a propensity to destroy allomorphy, but to the fact that conjugational allomorphs are subject to some formal and distributional constraints, which, in this case, have been violated. These constraints crucially presuppose that inflectional affixes are signs that, under the right circumstances, can have ‘inflectional class’ as part of their content (Carstairs-McCarthy 1994).
The Inflected Construction in the dialects of Sicily
Authors: Di Caro Vincenzo Nicolò 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sicilian dialects display an instance of verbal Pseudo-Coordination (V1[TAM.Agr] a V2[TAM.Agr]), here referred to as the Inflected Construction or IC (cf. Cardinaletti and Giusti 2001, 2003), that can occur in very different configurations. Aim of this paper is to discuss the following parameters of microvariation, by providing new data from recent fieldwork: (i) the restriction of the IC to some V2s; (ii) the possibility for the IC to occur across moods and tenses and to display complete paradigms for person features; (iii) the reduction of go as V1, and of other possible V1s, to a prefix-like invariable form. In the paper, three major types of IC are identified: Type 1 IC is only possible in some persons of the indicative present and in the 2sg of the imperative; Type 2 IC features the extension of the paradigm to other simple tenses of the indicative; Type 3 IC displays a full-fledged paradigm in the indicative (3 simple tenses), subjunctive and imperative.
Can structural deficiency be parametrized?
Authors: Garzonio Jacopo , Rossi Silvia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the microvariation in the distribution of deficient pronouns (Cardinaletti and Starke 1999) in old Tuscan texts, in particular of the 3pl dative forms derived from Lat. illorum ‘of those ones’, with the intent to understand if structural deficiency is subject to a predictable parametric variation. The form loro in old Florentine has many properties of the ‘weak’ class, while old Sienese lo’ generally behaves as a clitic; however, both display many other properties which do not fit well into the ‘weak’/’clitic’ categories. It will be argued that the strong/weak/clitic divide is not regulated by specific parameters, but is instead a by-product of changes affecting more general word order properties of sentence structure, as the loss of V2.
The morphosyntax-semantics interface and the Sicilian Doubly Inflected Construction
Authors: Todaro Giuseppina , Del Prete Fabio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We examine the Doubly Inflected Construction of Sicilian (DIC, Cruschina 2013; also known as Inflected Construction, Cardinaletti and Giusti 2001, 2003), in which a motion verb V1 is followed by an event verb V2, both verbs being inflected for the same person and TAM features. We propose to regard DIC as a Serial Verb Construction and analyze it in terms of an operation of lexical concatenation, whereby V1 and V2 are semantically composed as lexical verbs denoting spatio-temporally contiguous events and displaying argument sharing, to yield a complex predicate denoting concatenated events. The data we consider crucially include the causative motion verb ‘send’ and bring out a mismatch between the person features realized on V1 and V2 and semantic interpretation. We show how our analysis allows for a principled account of the morphology-semantics mismatch. The semantic analysis is implemented in a neo-Davidsonian framework (Parsons 1990).
On the syntactic encoding of lexical interjections in Italo-Romance
Authors: Munaro Nicola 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Based on evidence from Italo-Romance, in this article I argue that lexical interjections can be split into three categories, depending on whether they must, they can or they cannot be integrated with the associated clause; the degree of integration with the co-occurring clause depends on the merge position of the interjection. Only interjections lexicalizing the functional head SpeechAct° represent autonomous linguistic acts and are therefore prosodically and syntactically independent from the associated clause; from this position they can attract the associated clause to the corresponding specifier position or raise to the adjacent head Speaker° in order to provide the necessary contextual anchoring. Interjections lexicalizing the lower projection EvalSP do not have these properties and are intrinsically discourse-linked.
Indefinite articles and licensing of nominals in two Slavic varieties
Authors: Runić Marija 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I address the status of an indefinite article in two understudied Slavic varieties spoken in Italy, Resian and Molise Croatian. By applying standard diagnostics, I show that both varieties have grammaticalized an indefinite article. I further compare the distribution of nouns in these two varieties, which allow bare nominals in argument position, on a par with other Slavic articleless languages, and conclude that Resian, but not Molise Croatian, has also developed a definite article. Considering that the distribution of the definite article in Resian is restricted to nouns with prenominal modifiers, I argue that the rise of the definite article is related to adjectival syntax – if adjectives are placed prenominally, which is the case in Resian but not in Molise Croatian, they prevent the noun from being in a local relation with a definite D(eterminer). I also claim that the development of an indefinite article is completely independent of the emergence of a definite article, which explains the similarities between the two varieties.
Exploiting epigenetic variation for plant breeding.
Authors: JiHua Xu , House M. , Booker H. , Tanino K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In classical genetics and plant breeding, plant phenotypes are explained by genotype, environment and their interactions. Currently, the epigenetic component is recognized as another element functioning together with genetics and environment to determine phenotypic traits. Understanding the mechanism of epigenetics, the sources of epigenetic variation and epigenome editing will aid in incorporating the epigenetic component into plant breeding systems. The property of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, will allow breeders to capture the underlying epigenetic alterations associated with phenotypic changes. Stably inherited epigenetic features can be subjected to artificial selection, which makes it possible to use epigenetic variation to improve agronomic traits and plant adaptation to environmental stress for crop improvement.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ethyl (R)-2-benzyloxy-2-isopropylhydrogenmalonate: a useful combination of chemical synthesis with enzymatic methods
Authors: Ding Jing , Yang Zhijun , Zhao Yu , Fang Weizhen , Lu Qun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Ethyl (R)-2-benzyloxy-2-isopropylhydrogenmalonate is a key intermediate for the synthesis of the side chain in ergopeptines. In this work, we adopted a method to prepare enantiomerically pure title monoester via immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435)-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding diester.
Achromatic plumage brightness predicts stress resilience and social interactions in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)
Authors: Taff Conor C , Zimmer Cedric , Vitousek Maren N 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheory suggests that signal honesty may be maintained by differential costs for high and low quality individuals. For signals that mediate social interactions, costs can arise from the way that a signal changes the subsequent social environment via receiver responses. These receiver-dependent costs may be linked with individual quality through variation in resilience to environmental and social stress. Here, we imposed stressful conditions on female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) by attaching groups of feathers during incubation to decrease flight efficiency and maneuverability. We simultaneously monitored social interactions using an RFID network that allowed us to track the identity of every individual that visited each nest for the entire season. Before treatments, plumage coloration was correlated with baseline and stress-induced corticosterone. Relative to controls, experimentally challenged females were more likely to abandon their nest during incubation. Overall, females with brighter white breasts were less likely to abandon, but this pattern was only significant under stressful conditions. In addition to being more resilient, brighter females received more unique visitors at their nest-box and tended to make more visits to other active nests. In contrast, dorsal coloration did not reliably predict abandonment or social interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that females differ in their resilience to stress and that these differences are signaled by plumage brightness, which is in turn correlated with the frequency of social interactions. While we do not document direct costs of social interaction, our results are consistent with models of signal honesty based on receiver-dependent costs.
Predicting long-term renal and patient survival by clinicopathological features in elderly patients undergoing a renal biopsy in a UK cohort
Authors: Navaratnarajah Arunraj , Sambasivan Khrishanthne , Cook Terry H , Pusey Charles , Roufosse Candice , Willicombe Michelle 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Several publications have demonstrated the use of renal biopsy in elderly patients in establishing a diagnosis and enabling directed therapy. However, evidence on the long-term outcomes following biopsies is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the renal and patient outcomes in elderly patients according to indication for biopsy, clinical parameters and the histological diagnosis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 463 patients >70 years old who underwent a renal biopsy at our centre between 2006 and 2015.

Results
The median age of the patients was 74.8 (range 70.0–89.6) years. The most frequent primary diagnoses were pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN; 12%), acute interstitial nephritis (10.8%) and membranous GN (7.1%). Death-censored renal survival at 1 and 5 years following the index biopsy was 85.2 and 75.9%, respectively, and patient survival at 1 and 5 years was 92.2 and 71.6%, respectively. Patients who progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were at higher risk of dying compared with patients who did not require dialysis [hazard ratio 2.41 (95% confidence interval 1.58–3.68; P < 0.001]. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with the risk of progression to ESRD were creatinine (P < 0.001), heavy proteinuria (P = 0.002) and a non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) biopsy indication (P = 0.006). A histological diagnosis of primary GN (P = 0.001) or tubulointerstitial nephritis (P = 0.008) was associated with a favourable renal outcome, while patients with vasculitis and paraprotein-related renal disease (PPRD) had the highest risk of requiring dialysis (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.003, respectively). PPRD was also an independent risk factor for death.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that renal biopsies in the elderly not only enable directed therapy, but also provide prognostic information on renal and patient survival.
Empathic Accuracy: Worse Recognition by Older Adults and Less Transparency in Older Adult Expressions Compared With Young Adults
Authors: Ruffman Ted , Halberstadt Jamin , Murray Janice , Jack Fiona , Vater Tina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We examined empathic accuracy, comparing young versus older perceivers, and young versus older emoters. Empathic accuracy is related to but distinct from emotion recognition because perceiver judgments of emotion are based, not on what an emoter looks to be feeling, but on what an emoter says s/he is actually feeling.

Method
Young (≤30 years) and older (≥60 years) adults (“emoters”) were unobtrusively videotaped while watching movie clips designed to elicit specific emotional states. The emoter videos were then presented to young and older “perceivers,” who were instructed to infer what the emoters were feeling.

Results
As predicted, older perceivers’ empathic accuracy was less accurate relative to young perceivers. In addition, the emotions of young emoters were considerably easier to read than those of older emoters. There was also some evidence of an own-age advantage in emotion recognition in that older adults had particular difficulty assessing emotion in young faces.

Discussion
These findings have important implications for real-world social adjustment, with older adults experiencing a combination of less emotional transparency and worse understanding of emotional experience.
2-D P-SV and SH spectral element modelling of seismic wave propagation in non-linear media with pore-pressure effects
Authors: Oral Elif , Gélis Céline , Bonilla Luis Fabián 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARYIt has long been recognized that the effects of superficial geological layers, or site effects, can play a major role on the seismic ground motion at the free surface. In this study, we compute wave propagation in a 2-D asymmetrical basin considering both soil non-linearity and pore-pressure effects. Equations of elastodynamics of wave propagation are solved using the spectral element method (SEM). The geometry of the basin gives rise to basin-edge generated waves, that are different for in-plane (P-SV) and out-of-plane (SH) wave propagation and resulting in different non-linear response. Moreover, the excess-pore pressure development in superficial liquefiable layers (effective stress analysis) brings larger deformation and loss of strength than the analysis without pore-pressure effects (total stress analysis). The coupling of vertically propagating waves and the waves specifically generated in 1-D model leads to waves whose amplitude and duration are higher than the 1-D case. This multidimensional effect increases material non-linearity. Such complex wavefield provokes larger deformation and higher pore-pressure rise that cannot be predicted by 1-D modelling. Therefore, our paper suggests the use of multidimensional modelling while studying seismic wave propagation in both linear and non-linear complex media.