bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical study of geosciences and engineering in the oilfields of the Emilia-Romagna region in the socio-economic context of post-Unitarian Italy (1861–1914)
Authors: Gerali Francesco , Macini Paolo , Mesini Ezio 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to frame selected episodes in the establishment and development of the modern oil and gas industry in the Northern Apennines (Emilia-Romagna region), Italy. The research spans between the political unification of the Italian peninsula into the Kingdom of Italy (1861), and the outbreak of World War I (1914). In the attempt to delve into the socio-economic scenario of those times, we look to contextualize and describe the work of the geologists and engineers who contributed to developing the early scientific knowledge of practical utility on the oil-bearing formations of the Northern Apennines.

The history of the Emilia-Romagna oil industry was influenced and shaped by several episodes, and this paper discusses in particular two events that occurred during 1911. The first is an important and political act: the promulgation from the Italian authorities of the first regulation aimed at fostering the national oil industry, including the generous and criticized subsidies to support oil well drilling. The second is a technical–scientific landmark: the publication by Enrico Camerana and Bartolomeo Galdi (both engineers in the Royal Corps of Mines in Bologna) of the treatise
I giacimenti petroleiferi dell'Emilia
[
The Oilfields of the Emilia Region
], thanks to which Italian oil expertise made an important step forward. This seminal study on the state of the art of geological exploration of the oilfields of northern Italy represents the point of fracture between the empirical knowledge concerning oil and gas exploration and production and the development of the first national original research in the field of geosciences, to be fully developed in the decades to come.
Prospective Analysis of Adoptive TIL Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma: Response, Impact of Anti-CTLA4, and Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Outcome
Authors: Forget Marie-Andrée , Haymaker Cara , Hess Kenneth R. , Meng Yuzhong Jeff , Creasy Caitlin , Karpinets Tatiana , Fulbright Orenthial J. , Roszik Jason , Woodman Scott E. , Kim Young Uk , Sakellariou-Thompson Donastas , Bhatta Ankit , Wahl Arely , Flores Esteban , Thorsen Shawne T. , Tavera René J. , Ramachandran Renjith , Gonzalez Audrey M. , Toth Christopher L. , Wardell Seth , Mansaray Rahmatu , Patel Vruti , Carpio Destiny Joy , Vaughn Carol , Farinas Chantell M. , Velasquez Portia G. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Patel Sapna P. , Davies Michael A. , Diab Adi , Glitza Isabella C. , Tawbi Hussein , Wong Michael K. , Cain Suzanne , Ross Merrick I. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Lucci Anthony , Royal Richard , Cormier Janice N. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Radvanyi Laszlo G. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Beroukhim Rameen , Hwu Patrick , Amaria Rodabe N. , Bernatchez Chantale 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has consistently demonstrated clinical efficacy in metastatic melanoma. Recent widespread use of checkpoint blockade has shifted the treatment landscape, raising questions regarding impact of these therapies on response to TIL and appropriate immunotherapy sequence.
Patients and Methods: Seventy-four metastatic melanoma patients were treated with autologous TIL and evaluated for clinical response according to irRC, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Immunologic factors associated with response were also evaluated.
Results: Best overall response for the entire cohort was 42%; 47% in 43 checkpoint-naïve patients, 38% when patients were exposed to anti-CTLA4 alone (21 patients) and 33% if also exposed to anti-PD1 (9 patients) prior to TIL ACT. Median overall survival was 17.3 months; 24.6 months in CTLA4-naïve patients and 8.6 months in patients with prior CTLA4 blockade. The latter patients were infused with fewer TIL and experienced a shorter duration of response. Infusion of higher numbers of TIL with CD8 predominance and expression of BTLA correlated with improved response in anti-CTLA4 naïve patients, but not in anti-CTLA4 refractory patients. Baseline serum levels of IL9 predicted response to TIL ACT, while TIL persistence, tumor recognition, and mutation burden did not correlate with outcome.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the deleterious effects of prior exposure to anti-CTLA4 on TIL ACT response and shows that baseline IL9 levels can potentially serve as a predictive tool to select the appropriate sequence of immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4416–28. ©2018 AACR.
Inhibition of EphB4–Ephrin-B2 Signaling Enhances Response to Cetuximab–Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Bhatia Shilpa , Sharma Jaspreet , Bukkapatnam Sanjana , Oweida Ayman , Lennon Shelby , Phan Andy , Milner Dallin , Uyanga Nomin , Jimeno Antonio , Raben David , Somerset Hilary , Heasley Lynn , Karam Sana D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The clinical success of targeted therapies such as cetuximab and radiotherapy (RT) is hampered by the low response rates and development of therapeutic resistance. In the current study, we investigated the involvement of EphB4–ephrin-B2 protumorigenic signaling in mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition and RT in head and neck cancers.
Experimental Design: We used patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and HNSCC cell lines to test our hypothesis. Tumor tissues were subjected to PhosphoRTK array, and Western blotting to detect changes in EphB4–ephrin-B2 targets. mRNA sequencing and microarray data analysis were performed on PDX tumors and HNSCC cell lines, respectively, to determine differences in gene expression of molecules involved in tumor cell growth, proliferation, and survival pathways. Effects on cell growth were determined by MTT assay on HNSCC cells downregulated for EphB4/ephrin-B2 expression, with and without EGFR inhibitor and radiation.
Results: Our data from locally advanced HNSCC patients treated with standard-of-care definitive chemo-RT show elevated EphB4 and ephrin-B2 levels after failure of treatment. We observed significant response toward cetuximab and RT following EphB4–ephrin-B2 inhibition, resulting in improved survival in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of proliferation and prosurvival molecules and increased apoptosis.
Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of adopting rational drug combinations to enhance therapeutic effect. Our study documenting enhanced response of HNSCC to cetuximab-RT with EphB4–ephrin-B2 blockade has the potential to translate into the clinic to benefit this patient population. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4539–50. ©2018 AACR.
Circulating MicroRNA-21 Correlates With Left Atrial Low-Voltage Areas and Is Associated With Procedure Outcome in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Zhou Qifeng , Maleck Carole , von Ungern-Sternberg Saskia N.I. , Neupane Balram , Heinzmann David , Marquardt Jonathan , Duckheim Martin , Scheckenbach Christian , Stimpfle Fabian , Gawaz Meinrad , Schreieck Jürgen , Seizer Peter , Gramlich Michael 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and is negatively correlated with procedure outcome in patients undergoing ablation. However, noninvasive methods to determine the extent of atrial fibrosis are limited. Here, we used microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis to detect markers of left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs) in patients with persistent AF undergoing catheter ablation.

Methods:

We performed 3-dimensional voltage mapping in 102 patients (average age 62.1±13.1 years, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score of 2.3±1.6, LA size 41.5±5.7 mm) undergoing ablation for persistent AF and determined the extent of left atrial low-voltage. LVAs were defined if bipolar electrogram amplitudes were <0.5 mV during sinus rhythm. Before ablation, we obtained a blood sample, isolated miRNAs, and profiled them on a miRCURY LNA Universal RT microRNA PCR Human panel.

Results:
Sixty-nine miRNAs were identified in all samples, with an average of 123 miRNAs detectable per sample. We found that the serum concentration of miR-21, a miRNA that has been previously linked to cardiac fibrosis development, was strongly associated with the extent of LVAs determined by voltage mapping. We could confirm that LVAs were negatively correlated with ablation success in a 1-year follow-up. In addition, miR-21 serum levels were associated with AF-free survival after catheter ablation.

Conclusions:
Circulating miR-21 correlates with left atrial LVAs and is associated with procedure outcome in patients with persistent AF undergoing ablation.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Care After Myocardial Infarction in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry
Authors: Udell Jacob A. , Desai Nihar R. , Li Shuang , Thomas Laine , de Lemos James A. , Wright-Slaughter Phyllis , Zhang Wenying , Roe Matthew T. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Patients living in disadvantaged neighborhoods are at high risk for adverse outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Whether residential socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with quality of in-hospital care among patients presenting with MI is unclear.

Methods and Results:

Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between SES, quality of care, and in-hospital cardiovascular outcomes among patients with MI from diverse SES neighborhoods from July 2008 to December 2013, at 586 participating hospitals in the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines quality improvement program. Patients were categorized according to which SES summary measure group they resided in through linkage with US census block data. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Quality of MI care was assessed with the defect-free care measure that delineates the proportion of eligible patients who received all acute and discharge guideline-recommended therapies. Among 390 692 patients, there was a substantially longer median arrival-to-angiography time in lower SES neighborhoods (lowest 8.0 hours, low 5.5 hours, medium 4.8 hours, high 4.5 hours, highest 3.4 hours;
P
<0.0001), and a higher proportion of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with fibrinolysis (lowest 23.1%, low 20.2%, medium 18.0%, high 14.2%, highest 5.9%;
P
<0.0001). However, after adjustment for clinical risk factors, insurance status, and hospital characteristics, socioeconomic disadvantage was not associated with lower rates of guideline-recommended defect-free acute care. Patients presenting from more disadvantaged neighborhoods had a progressively higher independent risk of in-hospital mortality (
P
global
=0.03) and major bleeding (
P
global
<0.001), along with lower quality of discharge care.

Conclusions:
In this national registry of MI, patients living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods received equitable in-hospital care compared with advantaged neighborhoods. However, they experienced substantial delays in receiving angiography. Furthermore, patients living in disadvantaged neighborhoods remain at higher risk of adverse in-hospital outcomes after MI, including mortality. These observations suggest there are further opportunities for improvement in acute and discharge MI care.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Markers of Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Beveridge Louise A. , Khan Faisel , Struthers Allan D. , Armitage Jane , Barchetta Ilaria , Bressendorff Iain , Cavallo Maria Gisella , Clarke Robert , Dalan Rinkoo , Dreyer Gavin , Gepner Adam D. , Forouhi Nita G. , Harris Ryan A. , Hitman Graham A. , Larsen Thomas , Khadgawat Rajesh , Marckmann Peter , Mose Frank H. , Pilz Stefan , Scholze Alexandra , Shargorodsky Marina , Sokol Seth I. , Stricker Hans , Zoccali Carmine , Witham Miles D. 
Published: May 2018

Background
Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but the effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of vascular function associated with major adverse cardiovascular events is unclear.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review and individual participant meta‐analysis to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on flow‐mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central blood pressure, microvascular function, and reactive hyperemia index. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and
http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov
were searched until the end of 2016 without language restrictions. Placebo‐controlled randomized trials of at least 4 weeks duration were included. Individual participant data were sought from investigators on included trials. Trial‐level meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models; individual participant meta‐analyses used a 2‐stage analytic strategy, examining effects in prespecified subgroups. 31 trials (2751 participants) were included; 29 trials (2641 participants) contributed data to trial‐level meta‐analysis, and 24 trials (2051 participants) contributed to individual‐participant analyses. Vitamin D3 daily dose equivalents ranged from 900 to 5000 IU; duration was 4 weeks to 12 months. Trial‐level meta‐analysis showed no significant effect of supplementation on macrovascular measures (flow‐mediated dilatation, 0.37% [95% confidence interval, −0.23 to 0.97]; carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, 0.00 m/s [95% confidence interval, −0.36 to 0.37]); similar results were obtained from individual participant data. Microvascular function showed a modest improvement in trial‐level data only. No consistent benefit was observed in subgroup analyses or between different vitamin D analogues.

Conclusions
Vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on most markers of vascular function in this analysis.
The Competing Effects of Stability and Humidity on Subtropical Stratocumulus Entrainment and Cloud Evolution from a Lagrangian Perspective
Authors: Eastman Ryan , Wood Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The evolution of subtropical stratocumulus clouds and the boundary layer is studied on daily time scales from the Lagrangian perspective, following the flow. Measures of humidity above the boundary layer and of inversion strength are obtained from reanalysis data, and their effects on the Lagrangian evolution of cloud cover and the boundary layer are compared. An analysis that disentangles these variables and tests their effects independently is developed. Increased inversion strength and increased humidity above the boundary layer lead to anomalously persistent cloud cover and slower Lagrangian deepening of the boundary layer. These parameters affect the stratocumulus boundary layer in different ways: inversion strength controls the buoyancy difference across the inversion, while humidity differences affect both the radiation balance and rate of cloud drop evaporation at cloud top. The relative strengths of the two effects of humidity are compared using two products: the entraining humidity in the layer directly above the inversion and the radiating humidity, which is the mean humidity in the column above the entraining humidity. Results show that the variability in the radiating humidity is the primary driver of Lagrangian boundary layer depth changes, but entraining humidity variation is mostly responsible for altering cloud lifetime.
On Estimating the Surface Wind Stress over the Sea
Authors: Mahrt Larry , Miller Scott , Hristov Tihomir , Edson James 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOur study analyzes measurements primarily from two Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) field programs and from the Air–Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) site to examine the relationship between the wind and sea surface stress for contrasting conditions. The direct relationship of the surface momentum flux to U2 is found to be better posed than the relationship between and U, where U is the wind speed and is the friction velocity. Our datasets indicate that the stress magnitude often decreases significantly with height near the surface due to thin marine boundary layers and/or enhanced stress divergence close to the sea surface. Our study attempts to correct the surface stress estimated from traditional observational levels by using multiple observational levels near the surface and extrapolating to the surface. The effect of stability on the surface stress appears to be generally smaller than errors due to the stress divergence. Definite conclusions require more extensive measurements close to the sea surface.
Bonding and Bridging Relationships in Collaborative Forums Responding to Weather Warnings
Authors: Nohrstedt Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCollaborative forums involving multiple stakeholders responding to natural hazards are prevalent, yet there is little conclusive evidence of how stakeholders exchange information across such forums and how different patterns of information exchange influence forum goals. This study analyzes information exchange among representatives of 51 organizations across 50 collaborative forums in response to weather warnings in Sweden, 2011–15. Using coded transcripts from forum meetings, the study estimates exponential random graph models to document the prevalence of network configurations of organizations across these forums. The results show that actors avoid engaging in information exchanges within closed subgroups and that no specific type or organization was particularly active in exchanging information. The study suggests that the forum structures are consistent with short-term operational goals as well as the long-term objective of these forums to sustain collaboration over time. The study discusses potential explanations for these patterns and implications for forum performance in relation to natural hazards management.
Determining the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a stroke instructional and educational DVD in a multinational context: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jones Kelly M , Bhattacharjee Rohit , Krishnamurthi Rita , Blanton Sarah , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Theadom Alice , Thrift Amanda G , Wolf Steven L , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Parmar Priya , Maujean Annick , Ranta Annemarei , Cadilhac Dominique , Sanya Emmanuel O , MacKay-Lyons Marilyn , Pandian Jeyaraj D , Arora Deepti , Obiako Reginald O , Saposnik Gustavo , Balalla Shivanthi , Bornstein Natan M , Langhorne Peter , Norrving Bo , Brown Nita , Brainin Michael , Taylor Denise , Feigin Valery L 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of an instructional and educational stroke DVD and determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this intervention in a multinational context. Design: Non-funded, pilot randomized controlled trial of intervention versus usual care. Setting: International, multicentre, community-based. Participants: Community-living adults up to three years post stroke with moderate to severe disability and their nominated informal caregivers. Interventions: Intervention patients viewed and practised rehabilitation techniques demonstrated in the DVD over six weeks. Main measures: Trial feasibility by number of active recruitment sites, recruitment efficiency, randomization and follow-up. Intervention feasibility by patient and caregiver impressions. Preliminary efficacy by the quality of life – 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) health status measure, General Health Questionnaire and Centre for Epidemiological Studies–Depression at two months. Results: In total, 14 recruitment sites were established across eight countries. Recruitment was achieved at nine (64%) sites. Over 16 months, 66 participants were recruited (mean (SD) age = 63.5 (12.47) years) and randomized to intervention ( n = 34) and control ( n = 32) groups. In total, 54 (82%) completed a follow-up assessment. Patient and/or caregiver comments about the benefits and barriers to accessing the intervention were mixed. There were no significant between-group differences in outcomes at two months ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Conducting a multinational trial of a stroke DVD requires full funding. The intervention was acceptable to some patients and their caregivers, yet a generalized education approach did not fully meet their needs and/or expectations. A more individualized method may be required to meet peoples’ changing needs during stroke recovery.
Investigating the combined effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise and mindfulness on sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mosalanejad Fatemeh , Afrasiabifar Ardashir , Zoladl Mohammad 
Published: May 2018

Objective:To evaluate the combined effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise and mindfulness on sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis.Design:It was a three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial study.Setting:Outpatient clinic.Subjects:Patients with multiple sclerosis.Interventions:Participants in the intervention groups completed an eight-week program consisting of pelvic floor muscle exercise, mindfulness, and pelvic floor muscle exercise along with mindfulness.Main measures:The main measure was the Female Sexual Function Index.Results:In total, 70 patients completed the study. The results showed that the total mean scores of the participants’ sexual function in pelvic floor muscle exercise group before interventions (i.e. baseline), 8 weeks after the baseline, and 12 weeks after the baseline were 18.8 ± 6.3, 23.7 ± 5.1, and 22.3 ± 4.7, respectively, while total mean scores obtained for the sexual function of mindfulness group were 19.5 ± 6.4, 26.9 ± 4.8, and 25.6 ± 4.5, respectively. Moreover, mean scores obtained for pelvic floor muscle exercise along with mindfulness were 19.6 ± 5.9, 25.3 ± 5.4, and 25 ± 4.8, respectively. There was no significant difference in their effects on sexual function ( P > 0.05).Conclusion:Mindfulness and pelvic floor muscle exercise do not have any significant impact upon sexual dysfunction of people with multiple sclerosis.