bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astaxanthin attenuates neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Grimmig B. , Daly L. , Hudson C. , Nash K.R. , Bickford P.C. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Astaxanthin (AXT) is a natural carotenoid with diverse biological activities. Although it is best known as a potent antioxidant, recent work suggests additional mechanisms of action that have the potential to oppose the ongoing pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). For example, AXT has a putative role in modulating microglial activity and preserving mitochondrial function, thereby implicating this compound as a neuroprotective agent. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we examined the efficacy for AXT to reduced neurotoxicity in a toxic model of PD in mice. Methods: In this study, we used a 4-week dietary supplementation of algae derived AXT to reduce 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopaminergic cell death.Results: AXT treated mice were protected against the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining in the substantia nigra (SN) after MPTP exposure compared to the control diet. This effect of preserved TH immunoreactivity was also observed in the striatum. Furthermore, AXT administration was able to interrupt the neuroinflammatory process known to contribute to neurodegeneration in this model.Conclusions: We demonstrate that AXT neuroprotection was associated with attenuated microglial activation as indicated by reduced immunohistochemical detection of IBA-1 in the SN and striatum of AXT treated mice. Altogether, these studies suggest that AXT has neuroprotective property in the central nervous system against MPTP neurodegeneration.Keywords: Astaxanthin, Neuroprotection, Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease
Elemental content profiles in propolis from several cities of Turkey
Authors: Aksoy Canan , Atabay Meltem Maras , Tirasoglu Engin , Koparan Ezgi Taylan , Kekillioglu Aysel 
Published: August 2018

Background: Macro-element content profiles in propolis that have been previously used in traditional folk medicine have provided enough information to develop a classification of the geological origin of propolis. Within this study, we aim to contribute our research to existing literatüre, particularly through our use of EDXRF spectroscopy, which has not been used to study propolis before. The results of the study led us to conclude that the residues of heavy metals were a limited concentration in Turkish propolis samples.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the macro-element profiles in Turkish propolis from 18 different cities of Turkey. Methods: The macro-element of 22 raw propolis samples were investigated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.Results: Turkish Propolis was discovered to be rich with minerals of potassium, sodium which could be more beneficial in human nutrition. Potassium content was at a relatively higher level than other elements in these samples, while calcium content was at alower level in those samples from various regions of Turkey.Conclusion: The elements of propolis that we studied were distinctive enough to make the discrimination of propolis from different locations in Turkey possible. The quantification by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry procedures provided good resolution of multi-element analysis in propolis samples.Keywords: Propolis; element analysis; energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometre
Variations of β-carotene retention in a staple produced from yellow fleshed cassava roots through different drying methods
Authors: Eyinla Toluwalope , Sanusi Rasaki , Alamu Emmanuel , Maziya-Dixon Busie 
Published: August 2018

Background: New yellow cassava fresh roots biofortified with β-carotene are becoming popular in Sub-Saharan Africa in the making of traditional products for households. However, β- carotene is susceptible to rapid depletion during processing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of using different drying methods in processing these fresh Cassava roots.Methods: We processed four newly released yellow fleshed cassava varieties (01/1371, 07/593, 07/539, and 07/0220) into fermented cassava chips, flour, and corresponding dough with sun, oven, and flash drying methods respectively. The β-carotene contents were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Percentage true retention (%TR) was computed.Results: The results demonstrated that %TR in chips (13.7%), flour (11.7%), and dough (5.48%) from sun drying method had the highest level of β-carotene retention compared to oven (11.3%, 7.30%, and 3.47%) and flash (8.8%, 3.33%, and 1.24%) drying methods. The duration, intensity of heat used for drying, and variety had a significant effect on β-carotene retention. Variety 07/0220 with the highest β-carotene concentration (7.81±0.13µ/g) in the fresh roots did not necessarily have the highest concentration after processing. These results suggest that β-carotene retention is not only variety specific but also depends on the method of processing. Conclusions: These results will support ongoing breeding efforts aimed at increasing pro-vitamin A content in Cassava. The information may also be significant to solutions considering fermented cassava flour and dough in Vitamin A deficient populations.Keywords: Cassava, drying, fermented flour, carotenoids, retention, Lafun
The SDSS-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations at Redshift of 0.72 with the DR14 Luminous Red Galaxy Sample
Authors: Bautista Julian E. , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Dawson Kyle S. , Percival Will J. , Brinkmann Jonathan , Brownstein Joel , Camacho Benjamin , Comparat Johan , Gil-Marín Hector , Mueller Eva-Maria , Newman Jeffrey A. , Prakash Abhishek , Ross Ashley J. , Schneider Donald P. , Seo Hee-Jong , Tinker Jeremy , Tojeiro Rita , Zhai Zhongxu , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 14 sample includes 80,118 luminous red galaxies (LRGs). By combining these galaxies with the high-redshift tail of the BOSS galaxy sample, we form a sample of LRGs at an effective redshift z = 0.72, covering an effective volume of 0.9 Gpc3. We account for spurious fluctuations caused by targeting and by redshift failures, which were validated on a set of mock catalogs. This analysis is sufficient to provide a 2.5% measurement of spherically averaged baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO),

Mpc, at 2.8σ of significance. Together with the recent quasar-based BAO measurement at z = 1.5 and forthcoming emission line galaxy–based measurements, this measurement demonstrates that eBOSS is fulfilling its remit of extending the range of redshifts covered by such measurements, laying the groundwork for forthcoming surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Survey and Euclid.
Observational Study of an Earth-affecting Problematic ICME from STEREO
Authors: Chi Yutian , Zhang Jie , Shen Chenglong , Hess Phillip , Liu Lijuan , Mishra Wageesh , Wang Yuming 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present a study of the origin of one interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) that lacked an easily identifiable signature of an associated progenitor coronal mass ejection (CME) near the Sun in the observations of SOHO/LASCO at the L1 point. We consider these kinds of ICMEs as problematic, as they pose the difficulty of understanding the Sun–Earth connection and providing space weather warnings; understanding the causes of problematic ICMEs is important for space weather forecasting. This study presents the first detailed analysis of a geoeffective problematic ICME that occurred on 2011 May 28, whose progenitor CMEs are difficult to identify in LASCO images, but fortunately they were captured by SECCHI on board the STEREO spacecraft in the quadrature configuration. There are two progenitor CMEs launching from the Sun in succession of 8 hours. We apply the graduated cylindrical shell model to reconstruct the 3D geometry, propagating direction, velocity, and brightness of the two CMEs. The main cause of the first CME (CME-1) invisible in SOHO/LASCO is due to its low mass; that is, when the CME emerges above the occulter, its brightness is as faint as the noise. The second CME (CME-2) is small, including a narrow angular width and a small cross-section of the magnetic flux rope. Even though propagating toward the Earth, CME-2 appeared as a narrow CME instead of as a halo or partial halo CME in the LASCO field of view. We also show that CME-2 propagates faster than CME-1, and that they might have interacted in the interplanetary space.
A Subgrid Model for the Growth of Dust Particles in Hydrodynamical Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Tamfal Tomas , Dra̧żkowska Joanna , Mayer Lucio , Surville Clement 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the first 2D hydrodynamical finite-volume simulations in which dust is fully coupled with the gas, including its back-reaction onto it, and at the same time the dust size is evolving according to coagulation and fragmentation based on a subgrid model. The aim of this analysis is to present the differences occurring when dust evolution is included relative to simulations with fixed dust size, with and without an embedded Jupiter-mass planet that triggers gap formation. We use the two-fluid polar Godunov-type code RoSSBi developed by Surville et al. combined with a new local subgrid method for dust evolution based on the model by Birnstiel et al. We find striking differences between simulations with variable and fixed dust sizes. The timescales for dust depletion differ significantly and yield a completely different evolution of the dust surface density. In general, sharp features such as pileups of dust in the inner disk and near gap edges, when a massive planet is present, become much weaker. This has important implications for the interpretation of observed substructure in disks, suggesting that the presence of a massive planet does not necessarily cause sharp gaps and rings in the dust component. Also, particles with different dust sizes show a different distribution, pointing to the importance of multiwavelength synthetic observations in order to compare with observations by ALMA and other instruments. We also find that simulations adopting fixed intermediate particle sizes, in the range of 10−2 to 10−1 cm, best approximate the surface density evolution seen in simulations with dust evolution.
On the Radial Metallicity Gradient and Radial Migration Effect of the Galactic Disk
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Chen Yuqin , Zhao Gang , Xue Xiangxiang , Zhao Jingkun , Yang Chengqun , Li Chengdong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We study the radial metallicity gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR

g
as a function of [Mg/Fe] and

with the help of a guiding radius based on the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Gaia and then analyze the radial migration effect on the radial metallicity gradient and metallicity-rotation gradient between the Galactic thin and thick disks. The derived trend of gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR

g
versus [Mg/Fe] shows a transition at [Mg/Fe] ∼0.18 dex, below which the gradient is negative and varies a little as [Mg/Fe] increases; however, it changes sharply in [Mg/Fe] ranges of 0.16–0.18, above which the gradient increases linearly with increasing [Mg/Fe], being a positive value at [Mg/Fe] ≳ 0.22 dex. These positive gradients in the high-[Mg/Fe] populations are found at

kpc, and there are nearly no gradients toward higher

. By comparing the metallicity distributions, the radial metallicity gradients Δ[M/H]/ΔR, and the metallicity-rotation gradients between the total sample and

subsample (or

subsample), we find that, for the thick disk, blurring flattens the gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR and favors metal-poor high-eccentricity stars. These stars are responsible for the measured positive metallicity-rotation gradient of the thick disk.
Observational Evidence of Interchange Reconnection between a Solar Coronal Hole and a Small Emerging Active Region
Authors: Kong D. F. , Pan G. M. , Yan X. L. , Wang J. C. , Li Q. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this Letter, we present a case study of interchange reconnection between a coronal hole (CH) and a small emerging active region. The small active region emerges at the edge of the CH. Following the emergence of the small active region, the expansion of the arcade loops connecting the negative and the positive polarities of the active region can be clearly seen in 211 and 171 Å observations. During the emergence, the active region develops loop connections to the boundary of the CH, leading to its retreat. The latter has fast and slow phases at speeds of about 2.3 km s−1 and 0.4 km s−1, respectively. By the end, these newly formed closed loops occupy most of the pre-emergence CH. From the line-of-sight magnetograms observed by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the magnetic polarity in the CH is mainly positive and the leading sunspot of the active region has negative polarity. It is consistent with the condition of interchange reconnection. Moreover, the potential field source surface model is used to extrapolate the coronal magnetic fields. From a sequence of extrapolation potential fields, it is clear that the open fields in the CH close down, and the closed field at the east of the active region becomes an open field. These observations and the extrapolations of the potential fields suggest that interchange reconnection occurs between the CH and the small emerging active region and is driven by the flux emergence process.
De l’élève « perturbateur » à l’enfant « en souffrance ». Le traitement de la souffrance des enfants à l’école primaire : « agency » ou étiquetage
Authors: Giuliani Frédérique 
Published: August 2018

Au sein des écoles situées en REP, les termes de « souffrance », de « mal-être », d’« enfants qui vont mal » ou « qui ne vont pas bien » sont désormais mobilisés par les acteurs scolaires pour requalifier les conduites d’élèves repérés comme « perturbateurs » et « inadéquats ». Quel traitement des élèves est mis en œuvre au nom de leur pâtir ? Quel statut leur est attribué lorsqu’ils sont reconnus et traités comme des élèves « en souffrance » ? Cet article vise à montrer que la construction de l’enfant dans le registre de la souffrance produit deux traitements différents, en fonction de l’organisation du travail qui s’établit entre les professionnels. L’un tendrait à produire de la stigmatisation, l’autre viserait plutôt à permettre aux élèves de développer des capacités relatives à des situations. L’article tente également d’expliquer comment les professionnels peuvent basculer de l’une à l’autre conception de la souffrance des élèves.
Trajectoires de formation des jeunes migrants en situation juridique précaire : logiques de mobilisation de ressources face à des contraintes multiples
Authors: Bolzman Claudio , Felder Alexandra , Fernandez Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Le but de cet article est d’analyser les trajectoires de formation « post-obligatoires » des jeunes migrants sans statut légal reconnu (sans papiers) ou avec un statut juridique précaire (requérants d’asile et admissions provisoires) arrivés en Suisse en cours de scolarité, notamment vers la fin du secondaire I. À partir de vingt entretiens semi-directifs, il s’agit de comprendre quelles sont leurs chances de poursuivre leur formation et d’obtenir un diplôme secondaire général ou professionnel. Il s’agit également de prendre en considération divers facteurs pouvant avoir une influence sur leurs trajectoires de formation. Outre les facteurs juridiques liés à leur statut de séjour, les facteurs individuels, familiaux et institutionnels sont examinés, en tenant compte des contraintes et des stratégies de différents acteurs, notamment des jeunes et de leurs familles . Une typologie permet de distinguer trois modalités principales dans les trajectoires de ces jeunes.
Nouvelles figures du « social » et reconfigurations de la normativité scolaire
Authors: Maroy Christian 
Published: August 2018

Si de nouvelles problématiques sociales interpellent les professionnels dans les écoles, il est important de comprendre à partir de quel référentiel d’action publique de nouvelles attentes sociales à l’égard de l’institution scolaire sont progressivement formulées. Cet article vise à identifier la logique discursive d’un référentiel émergent de l’école inclusive et efficace qui assigne à l’institution scolaire un rôle clé d’inclusion et de cohésion sociale, missions sociales cependant subordonnées à la capacité des établissements scolaires à développer une efficacité pédagogique et éducative. Ce référentiel rehausse les attentes et brouille les frontières entre missions de performance, de démocratisation, de cohésion sociale et de subjectivation poursuivies par les établissements scolaires. Combinant le discours de l’école « inclusive » et de l’école « performante », il a pour vertu paradoxale de compenser (partiellement) le manque de légitimité du discours de la nouvelle gestion publique sur l’école. Pourtant, dans les situations concrètes, cette nouvelle normativité appelant tout à la fois à l’efficacité, l’équité, la dignité de tous et au développement des capacités et de la responsabilité de chacun, semble loin de pouvoir éliminer tensions et contradictions pratiques et axiologiques.
Coordinated Reasoning and Augmented Individualism
Authors: Stirling Wynn C. , Tummolini Luca 
Published: August 2018

Une composante essentielle de toute théorie de raisonnement en équipe est une définition formelle de la rationalité de groupe, et des intérêts collectifs qui motivent le raisonnement des membres de l’équipe. Cet article suggère qu’une notion opérationnelle de coordination peut remplir ce rôle, en évitant d’attribuer à un groupe des préférences qui lui seraient propres. La coordination est une notion fondamentalement collective, et est complémentaire – ainsi que distincte – à la notion de performance, qui est une notion fondamentalement individuelle. Ces deux dimensions de rationalité collective, qui se manifeste par le degré de coordination, et de rationalité individuelle, qui se manifeste par le degré de performance, sont nécessaires pour appréhender pleinement les comportements de groupe dans un environnement social. La théorie des jeux conditionnels offre un cadre mathématique flexible au sein duquel les individus peuvent moduler leurs préférences en réponse à l’influence sociale que les autres exercent sur eux. La propagation de l’influence sociale au sein d’un réseau social permet de faire émerger un modèle social exhaustif, qui offre simultanément une définition opérationnelle de rationalité de groupe, ainsi qu’un concept opérationnel de rationalité individuelle augmentée, qui ensemble définissent un concept de raisonnement coordonné.
Measuring Nutrition and Food Literacy in Adults: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Existing Measurement Tools
Authors: Yuen Eva Y. N. , Thomson Maria , Gardiner Heather 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Nutrition literacy (NL) and food literacy (FL) have emerged as key components in the promotion and maintenance of healthy dietary practices. However, a critical appraisal of existing tools is required to advance the operationalization and measurement of these constructs using instruments that demonstrate sound validity and reliability.

Methods:
Electronic databases were searched in January and July 2016, January 2017, and March 2018 for publications detailing the development and/or testing of NL or FL instruments. Instruments' psychometric properties were assessed using a structured methodological framework. We identified 2,563 new titles and abstracts, and short-listed 524 for full review. The extent to which key domains of NL were included in each measure was examined.

Key Results:
Thirteen instruments assessing NL underwent full evaluation; seven from the United States, and one each from Australia, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Hong Kong, and Japan. Measures targeted general Spanish-, Italian-, or Cantonese-speaking adults; primary care patients, parent, and populations with breast cancer. Instruments ranged from 6 to 64 items, and they predominantly assessed functional NL rather than broader domains of NL. Substantial variation in methodological rigor was observed across measures.

Discussion:
Multidimensional and psychometrically sound measures that capture broader domains of NL and assess FL are needed.

Plain Language Summary:

This review systemically compiles, and critically appraises 13 existing measures that assess nutrition literacy and food literacy in an adult population. Substantial variation in methodological rigor was found across the measures, and most tools assessed nutrition literacy rather than food literacy. Findings from this current review may be useful to guide development of future measures that comprehensively capture nutrition literacy and food literacy.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice

.
2018;2(3):e134–e160.]
Inventory of Lowland-Breeding Birds on the Alaska Peninsula
Authors: Savage Susan E. , Tibbitts T. Lee , Sesser Kristin A. , Kaler Robb A.S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe conducted the first systematic inventory of birds in the lowlands (areas ≤100 m above sea level) of the Alaska Peninsula during summers of 2004–2007 to determine their breeding distributions and habitat associations in this remote region. Using a stratified random survey design, we allocated sample plots by elevation and land cover with a preference for wetland cover types used by shorebirds, a group of particular interest to land managers. We surveyed birds during 10-min counts at 792 points across 52, 5 km × 5 km sample plots distributed from south of the Naknek River (58.70°N,157.00°W) to north of Port Moller (56.00°N,160.52°W). We detected 95 bird species including 19 species of shorebirds and 34 species (36% of total) considered at the time to be of conservation concern for the land managers in the region. The most numerous shorebirds on point counts were dunlin Calidris alpina, short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus, and Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata. We found the breeding-season endemic marbled godwit Limosa fedoa beringiae at 20 plots within a 3,000-km2 area from north of Ugashik Bay to just north of Port Heiden and east to the headwaters of the Dog Salmon and Ugashik rivers. The most abundant passerines on point counts were American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea, Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus, and savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis. Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis, glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens, and greater scaup Aythya marila were also relatively abundant. We categorized habitat associations for 30 common species and found that lowland herbaceous vegetation supported wetland-focused species including sandhill crane, marbled godwit, short-billed dowitcher, and dunlin; whereas, dwarf shrub-ericaceous vegetation supported tundra-associated species such as willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus, rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis, and American pipit Anthus rubescens. Tall shrub vegetation was important to several species of warblers and sparrows, as well as one species of shorebird (greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca). We found that point counts augmented with incidental observations provided an almost complete inventory of lowland-breeding species on the study area. These data form a baseline to monitor any future changes in bird distribution and abundance on the Alaska Peninsula.