bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–retest variability for quantitative two‐dimensional and Doppler measurements in the fetus
Authors: Allen Catherine C. , Keller Regina , Barnard Krystle C. , Gao Zhiqian , King Eileen C. , Michelfelder Erik C. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesEchocardiography is used to quantitatively characterize cardiovascular function in fetuses with cardiac abnormalities and inform decisions for fetal or perinatal interventions. It is clinically important to understand the reproducibility of these measures, particularly between testers. While studies have reported intra‐observer variability and inter‐observer variability, little is known about test–retest variability for these measures. We hypothesized that even in a high volume echocardiography laboratory, quantitative measurements will demonstrate higher test–retest variability compared with inter‐observer variability and intra‐observer variability of the same measurements.MethodsProspective study of uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies to evaluate fetal measures of cardiovascular function obtained by echocardiography. One sonographer obtained predefined variables, and then, a second sonographer obtained the same variables 15 minutes after the first sonographer. Separate data acquisitions were obtained by the two sonographers to evaluate test–retest variability. Intra‐observer variability and inter‐observer variability were also evaluated.ResultsThirty fetuses between 17‐ and 36‐week gestation were enrolled. Time‐based variables had the best intra‐observer agreement and inter‐observer agreement (1.2%–7.4%), while 2D (7.5%–10%), M‐mode (4.9%–10.1%), and velocity‐time integral (VTI; 2.6%–13.8%) measurements had poorer agreement. For all variables, test–retest agreement was worse (3%–32.1%), particularly for measurement of myocardial performance index (MPI; 19.7%–21.1%), cardiac output estimation (27.2%–27.9%), and VTI‐based indices (14.7%–32.1%).ConclusionsIn a laboratory highly experienced in quantitative fetal echocardiography, intra‐observer agreement and inter‐observer agreement are good for most quantitative parameters. However, test–retest agreement is fair or poor for several variables, notably the MPI, cardiac output estimation, and VTI‐based indices. Understanding how these measures vary between separate acquisitions is important for clinical interpretation and decision making.
Could a bioenergy program stimulate electric vehicle market penetration? Potential impacts of biogas to electricity annual rebate program
Authors: Xie Fei , Lin Zhenhong , Podkaminer Kara 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe biogas‐to‐electricity pathway under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) allows for Renewable Identification Number (RIN) credits to be generated when electricity produced from biogas is used in the transportation sector. Though approved as a general pathway, EPA has proposed multiple credit allocation methods to functionalize this pathway. This study describes and evaluates a potential credit allocation framework where vehicle manufacturers generate electricity RIN (E‐RIN) credits and use these credits to increase the sales of plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs). Under this framework, manufacturers use part of the credit value to reimburse electricity generators, offsetting potential higher biogas electricity generation cost. The remaining credit value is passed on to consumers as an annual PEV rebate to stimulate PEV sales. An iterative simulation framework is developed to fulfill two tasks: (a) to estimate the annual rebate amounts and their upfront value to consumers based on various factors, such as vehicle mileage, E‐RIN equivalence value, and biogas capacity, and (b) to evaluate potential impacts of the E‐RIN program on electrification of the future light‐duty vehicles (LDVs) and energy use. The annual rebate amount varies by vehicle technology and could be up to $870/year for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and range between $230 and 825/year for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) depending on the electric range. These per vehicle rebates decrease when demand for electricity exceeds biogas electricity availability. The effectiveness of the program as modeled here is subject to different factors, such as the E‐RIN equivalence value, biogas electricity generation cost, biogas electricity generation capacity, and consumers’ valuation of the E‐RIN rebate. Our modeling results indicate that an E‐RIN program has the potential to produce nearly $12 billion in E‐RIN credits annually and to significantly increase PEV annual sales by up to 2.3 million and the PEV population by about 19.7 million in 2030.
Polyphenols bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment in ipecac infusion using a combined assay of simulated in vitro digestion and Caco‐2 cell model
Authors: Ben Hlel Takoua , Borges Thays , Rueda Ascensión , Smaali Issam , Marzouki M. Nejib , Seiquer Isabel 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this report, we investigated for the first time the total polyphenols content (TPC) and antioxidant activity before and after digestion of Carapichea ipecacuanha root infusion, better known as ipecac, prepared at different concentrations. An in vitro digestion system coupled to a Caco‐2 cell model was applied to study the bioavailability of antioxidant compounds. The ability of ipecac bioaccessible fractions to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at cellular level was also evaluated. The findings revealed that water volume of 50 mL g−1 of sample provided the maximum yield of extraction of TPC and antioxidant activity. Polyphenols increased in content and activity after digestion and they were highly bioavailable (75% of intestinal absorption). Polyphenols were also present in the residual parts which indicate a possible local activity. Results also suggest that ipecac infusion could represent a promising source of effective bioavailable antioxidants to be exploited in functional foods field.
Parametric Models forAN: Splitting Processes and Mixtures
Authors: Hill Bruce M. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYA class of parametric models, called splitting processes, is defined, by using de Finetti's concept of adherent mass. Such splitting processes give rise to complex mixtures of distributions. It is proved that the nonparametric Bayesian predictive procedureAn, of Hill, holds exactly for a member of this class called a nested splitting process. The connection betweenAnand the Dirichlet process is stated and proved. A multivariate version ofAn, based on splitting processes, is proposed.
Stabilization of cubic phase in scandium‐doped zirconia nanocrystals synthesized with sol‐gel method
Authors: Sobolev Alexander , Musin Albina , Whyman Gene , Borodianskiy Konstantin , Krichevski Olga , Kalashnikov Alexander , Zinigrad Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new room‐temperature synthesis of nanocrystals of scandium‐doped zirconium oxide by sol‐gel method is reported. The structure of the obtained product is checked with standard structural analysis methods. The crystal phase of ZrO2‐Sc2O3 nanocrystals changes from monoclinic to tetragonal and cubic with the increase in scandium concentration. The importance of the cubic phase, which appears at 10 mol% and refines at 16 mol% of Sc2O3 concentration, is emphasized. The UV‐Vis absorption spectra of the product are measured, and its bandgap is evaluated from the fundamental absorption edge. The value of the bandgap was calculated as 5.65 eV for the cubic phase.
First printing of continuous fibers into ceramics
Authors: Mei Hui , Yan Yuekai , Feng Liping , Dassios Konstantinos G. , Zhang Hui , Cheng Laifei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reports a novel method for three‐dimensional (3D) printing of continuous fibers into ceramics to improve the mechanical properties of printed ceramics, which is difficult in other 3D printing technologies. The ceramics were derived by pyrolysis of thermoplastic ceramic precursor feedstocks, which were prepared by two methods. One is homogeneously mixing thermoplastic resins and ceramic precursors. The feedstocks prepared by this method exhibit good thermoplastic properties and can be extruded into filaments. Ceramics were obtained by heating the feedstocks to 1100°C in argon atmosphere. The ceramics were amorphous and remained stable during 1100‐1300°C; at 1400°C they decomposed into β–SiC with simultaneous volatile gas generation. Above 1400°C, their quality decreased significantly due to cracking of ceramic skeletons. The other method is directly heating, extruding and printing the ceramic precursor. The precursors showed good printability and complex ceramic structures were printed with continuous carbon fibers inside. The continuous carbon fibers improved the flexural strength of pyrolytic ceramics, which is about 7.6 times better than that of the ceramics without fibers. The novel method unravels the potential of 3D printing of continuous fibers into ceramics with complex lightweight structures to improve the strength.
New liquid processing of oxide/oxide 3D wowen ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Scola Alessandro , Eberling‐Fux Nicolas , Turenne Sylvain , Ruiz Edu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, a novel process named Flexible Injection Process (FIP) was developed to manufacture near‐net shape oxide/oxide composites reinforced with 3D interlock fibers. This process uses a flexible membrane to apply pressure to promote transverse impregnation of the fibrous reinforcement by a slurry charged with sub‐micron ceramic particles. Due to the through‐thickness filtration and compaction, FIP process is much faster than typical in‐plane impregnation and results in composites with lower residual porosity than those produced by traditional processes. In this study, a mathematical modeling of the impregnation in FIP was developed and compared to experimental infiltration experiments. Furthermore, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) produced by FIP were compared to composites manufactured via an established RTM‐like process. The two molding processes were compared to determine if the different flow behaviors have an impact on material densification, porosity formation, mechanical properties, and manufacturing time. CMCs produced by both methods resulted in similar microstructures, as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry, even if FIP composites were marginally less porous. Finally, a comparison of mechanical properties resulting from the two manufacturing methods has shown a similar behavior. Thus, the main advantages of FIP molding were identified to be the shorter cycle time and the robustness of the impregnation compared to RTM‐like processes.
LOXL2 promotes vasculogenic mimicry and tumour aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shao Bing , Zhao Xiulan , Liu Tieju , Zhang Yanhui , Sun Ran , Dong Xueyi , Liu Fang , Zhao Nan , Zhang Danfang , Wu Lili , Wang Yong , Wang Meili , Meng Jie , Lin Xian , Sun Baocun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) has shown to promote metastasis and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also, we have previously reported that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is associated with invasion, metastasis and poor survival in HCC patients. In the present study, we investigated molecular function of LOXL2 in HCC and VM. We used the immunohistochemical and CD31/periodic acid‐Schiff double staining to detect the relationship between LOXL2 and VM formation. We performed the gain and loss of function studies and analysed the migratory, invasion and tube formation in HCC cell lines. We analysed the function of LOXL2 in VM formation and HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. We have showed that LOXL2 was overexpression in HCC and was positively correlated with tumour grade, metastasis, VM formation and poor survival in 201 HCC patients. Secondly, our studies have showed that LOXL2 overexpression in HCC cells significantly promoted migration, invasion and tube formation. Finally, we found that LOXL2 may increase SNAIL expression, thereby enabling VM. Our study indicated that LOXL2 may promote VM formation and tumour metastasis by collaborating with SNAIL in HCC. What's more, the overexpression of LOXL2 indicated a poor prognosis in HCC patients.
The dysregulation profile in preschoolers with and without a family history of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Miller Meghan , Iosif Ana‐Maria , Young Gregory S. , Bell Laura J. , Schwichtenberg A.J. , Hutman Ted , Ozonoff Sally 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe ‘dysregulation profile’ (DP) is a measure of emotional and behavioral dysregulation that may cut across diagnostic boundaries. Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who do not develop ASD themselves are at risk for atypical outcomes including behavioral challenges and therefore may be a useful population in which to investigate the structure of the DP in preschoolers.MethodsWe sought to examine the factor structure and predictors of the DP in a sample enriched for a wide range of phenotypic variation—36‐month‐olds with and without family histories of ASD—and to determine whether children with genetic liability for ASD are at risk for a phenotype characterized by elevated dysregulation. Data were collected from 415 children with (n = 253) and without (n = 162) an older sibling with ASD, all without ASD themselves, at 18, 24, and 36 months of age.ResultsOur findings replicate prior reports, conducted in predominantly clinically referred and older samples, supporting the superiority of a bifactor model of the DP in the preschool period compared to the second‐order and one‐factor models. Examiner ratings were longitudinally and concurrently associated with the DP at 36 months of age. Family history of ASD was associated with higher dysregulation in the Anxious/Depressed dimension.ConclusionsThese findings support the relevance of examining the structure of psychopathology in preschoolers and suggest that examiner observations as early as 18 months of age, particularly of overactivity, may help identify risk for later DP‐related concerns. Non‐ASD preschoolers with family histories of ASD may be at risk for a phenotype characterized by elevated dysregulation particularly in the Anxious/Depressed dimension by age 3.
Causality Rules: Performance Feedback on Hierarchically Related Goals and Capital Investment Variability
Authors: Mazzelli Ambra , Nason Robert S. , De Massis Alfredo , Kotlar Josip 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe extend March and Simon’s (1958) analysis of strategic decisions by distinguishing between two rules for allocating attention – priority versus causality. We develop theory concerning causality rules which have been largely overlooked in prior literature. Specifically, we examine how performance feedback on the intermediate productivity goal and the higher‐order profitability goal independently and jointly influence the variability of firm capital investments. Panel analysis of 2,477 Spanish manufacturing firms reveals that these goals jointly affect the variability of capital investments through both priority and causality attention rules. Our study provides new insights on how firms handle multiple goals, deconstruct performance feedback, and cope with the attentional constraints of bounded rationality.
Implicit core self‐evaluations and work outcomes: Validating an indirect measure
Authors: Dietl Erik , Meurs James A. 
Published: December 2018

Core self‐evaluations (CSE) represent the fundamental appraisals individuals make about their self‐worth and capabilities. Although scholars characterize CSE as evaluations that are both conscious and subconscious, the implicit aspect of CSE has not yet been examined. Drawing on models of dual information processing, we develop and validate an indirect measure (Implicit Association Test) assessing implicit CSE. Therefore, we investigate how explicit, implicit, and acquaintance‐rated CSE relate to task performance, organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB), and income. We argue that implicit CSE accounts for incremental variance in these three outcomes beyond explicit and acquaintance‐rated CSE. We found that implicit CSE accounted for incremental variance in OCB and income above and beyond explicit CSE. Our effects for implicit CSE held even when controlling for acquaintance ratings of CSE. Also, acquaintance ratings accounted for incremental variance in income and OCB beyond explicit CSE. We discuss implications for CSE measurement and research, and the practical implications of our findings.Practitioner points

In evaluative situations, such as personnel selection, self‐reported core self‐evaluations (CSE) are susceptible to impression management and social desirability.

We developed an indirect measure (i.e., an Implicit Association Test) to assess implicit CSE and demonstrated that it accounts for incremental variance in job performance and income beyond self‐reported and other‐rated CSE.

Organizations and practitioners should measure self‐rated, implicit, and other‐rated CSE to predict job performance and income more accurately.
Protective role of α2‐macroglobulin against jaw osteoradionecrosis in a preclinical rat model
Authors: Li Jie , Kong Xiang‐Bo , Chen Xue‐Ying , Zhong Wan‐Zhen , Chen Jie‐Yu , Liu Yang , Yin Ping , Fang Si‐Lian 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveWe have previously demonstrated the effect of alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (α2M) in the remediation of radiation‐induced cellular damage. Here, we investigated the protective effects of α2M in a preclinical rat model of jaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN).MethodsEighteen rats were divided randomly into three groups: the control group, the radiation therapy (RT) alone group, and the radiated mandibles pretreated with α2M (α2M + RT) group. One month after radiation, all left molar teeth were extracted. After another 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and body weight, histopathology, microcomputed tomography and immunofluorescence were evaluated in all groups.ResultsThe RT group showed serious alopecia, bone exposure, inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and the absence of new bone formation within the socket. The α2M + RT group exhibited less alopecia than the RT group and slight inflammation and fibrosis in the bone marrow cavity. The cortical bone was similar to normal bone tissue. Interestingly, compared with RT group, serum superoxide dismutase levels in the α2M + RT group increased at the 1th day (P = 0.037), 14th day (P = 0.012), while reactive oxygen species levels clearly decreased at the 1th day (P< 0.001), 14th day (P = 0.007), and 28th day (P = 0.013).ConclusionsA clinically translational model of jaw ORN was successfully established and the application of α2M prior to radiation protected the bone from being injured by the radiation, possibly related to oxidative stress.
Moral decisionism and its discontents
Authors: Abend Gabriel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDecisionists use decision/choice concepts to understand and representX: bees, Deep Blue, and Ron Carter make decisions. Explicit decisionists argue thatXshould be understood and represented using decision/choice concepts: it's correct to speak of bees', computers', and jazz improvisers' decision‐making. Explicit anti‐decisionists disagree: bees, computers, jazz improvisers, algorithms, and drug addicts aren't correctly understood and represented as decision‐makers. Sociologists look at decisionism and explicit decisionism as social phenomena, which show up in discourses, practices, technologies, and organizations. I make a contribution to the sociology of decisionism and the sociology of morality by examining three kinds of explicit moral anti‐decisionism: Murdochian, sociological/structural, and Confucian/Daoist. I show why these discontents are discontent, what theories and evidence they draw on, what assumptions they make, and how they conceive of morality without decision/choice concepts. Then, I consider how moral anti‐decisionism might matter, how the sociology of decisionism might matter, and where to go from here (if anywhere).
Targeting of tail‐anchored proteins to Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes
Authors: Rada Petr , Makki Abhijith , Žárský Vojtěch , Tachezy Jan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTail‐anchored (TA) proteins are membrane proteins that are found in all domains of life. They consist of an N‐terminal domain that performs various functions and a single transmembrane domain (TMD) near the C‐terminus. In eukaryotes, TA proteins are targeted to the membranes of mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and in plants, chloroplasts. The targeting of these proteins to their specific destinations correlates with the properties of the C‐terminal domain, mainly the TMD hydrophobicity and the net charge of the flanking regions. Trichomonas vaginalis is a human parasite that has adapted to oxygen‐poor environment. This adaptation is reflected by the presence of highly modified mitochondria (hydrogenosomes) and the absence of peroxisomes. The proteome of hydrogenosomes is considerably reduced; however, our bioinformatic analysis predicted 120 putative hydrogenosomal TA proteins. Seven proteins were selected to prove their localization. The elimination of the net positive charge in the C‐tail of the hydrogenosomal TA4 protein resulted in its dual localization to hydrogenosomes and the ER, causing changes in ER morphology. Domain mutation and swap experiments with hydrogenosomal (TA4) and ER (TAPDI) proteins indicated that the general principles for specific targeting are conserved across eukaryotic lineages, including T. vaginalis; however, there are also significant lineage‐specific differences.
Sulfur availability for Vibrio fischeri growth during symbiosis establishment depends on biogeography within the squid light organ
Authors: Wasilko Nathan P. , Larios‐Valencia Jessie , Steingard Caroline H. , Nunez Briana M. , Verma Subhash C. , Miyashiro Tim 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe fitness of host‐associated microbes depends on their ability to access nutrients in vivo. Identifying these mechanisms is significant for understanding how microbes have evolved to fill specific ecological niches within a host. Vibrio fischeri is a bioluminescent bacterium that colonizes and proliferates within the light organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, which provides an opportunity to study how bacteria grow in vivo. Here, the transcription factor CysB is shown to be necessary for V. fischeri both to grow on several sulfur sources in vitro and to establish symbiosis with juvenile squid. CysB is also found to regulate several genes involved in sulfate assimilation and to contribute to the growth of V. fischeri on cystine, which is the oxidized form of cysteine. A mutant that grows on cystine but not sulfate could establish symbiosis, suggesting that V. fischeri acquires nutrients related to this compound within the host. Finally, CysB‐regulated genes are shown to be differentially expressed among the V. fischeri populations occupying the various colonization sites found within the light organ. Together, these results suggest the biogeography of V. fischeri populations within the squid light organ impacts the physiology of this symbiotic bacterium in vivo through CysB‐dependent gene regulation.