bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New, Easy, Fast, and Reliable Method to Correctly Classify Acetabular Fractures According to the Letournel System
Authors: Riouallon Guillaume , Sebaaly Amer , Upex Peter , Zaraa Mourad , Jouffroy Pomme 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Accurate classification of acetabular fractures remains difficult. To aid in the classification of acetabular fractures and to aid in teaching, our department developed a diagnostic algorithm that involves the use of 1 standardized 3-dimensional reconstruction of a computed tomography (CT) scan (an exopelvic view without the femoral head) with 8 anatomical landmarks. The algorithm was integrated into a smartphone application (app). The main objective of this study was to test the efficacy of this algorithm and smartphone app.

Methods:
Fourteen reviewers (3 experts, 3 fellows, 3 residents, and 5 novice reviewers) evaluated a set of 35 CT scans of acetabular fractures in 2 phases. During the first phase, the scans (including axial 2-dimensional views and 3-dimensional (3D) multiplanar reconstruction views) were assessed by each reviewer twice, with an interval of 4 weeks between the readings to decrease recall bias. During that phase, the reviewers were provided with a diagram of the Letournel classification system with no guidelines for interpretation. During the second phase, performed 4 weeks after the first phase, 1 standardized 3D reconstruction (an exopelvic view without the femoral head) was reviewed twice, with an interval of 4 weeks between the readings. During that phase, the reviewers used the smartphone app. The primary outcome was the accuracy of classification. Interobserver reliability, reading time, and time needed for accurate classification were noted.

Results:
The accuracy of fracture classification was 64.5% when the standard method of analysis was used and 83.4% when the app was used (p < 0.001). Improvement was noted in all groups, with the expert group showing the least improvement (88.6% to 97.2%, p = 0.04) and the novice group showing the most improvement (42.0% to 75.5%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, use of the app greatly increased the accuracy of classification of complex fractures. The average reading time was 71.8 minutes when the standard method was used and 37.4 minutes when the app was used. The interobserver reliability improved in all groups to an excellent reliability (interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.79).

Conclusions:
The Letournel classification system is difficult to understand and to learn but remains the only system guiding the surgical strategy for acetabular fractures. The impact of diagnostic algorithms is debatable. The most important finding of the present study is the high accuracy for inexperienced groups when the app was used. Another important finding is the high reliability of this method for the diagnosis of complex acetabular fractures.
Preoperative Skin-Surface Cultures Can Help to Predict the Presence of Propionibacterium in Shoulder Arthroplasty Wounds
Authors: MacNiven Ian , Hsu Jason E. , Neradilek Moni B. , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Propionibacterium species are commonly cultured from specimens harvested at the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty. These bacteria reside in normal sebaceous glands, out of reach of surgical skin preparation. The arthroplasty incision transects these structures, which allows Propionibacterium to inoculate the wound and to potentially lead to the formation of a biofilm on the inserted implant. To help identify patients who are at increased risk for wound inoculation, we investigated whether preoperative cultures of the specimens from the unprepared skin surface were predictive of the results of intraoperative cultures of dermal wound-edge specimens obtained immediately after incision of the surgically prepared skin.

Methods:
Sixty-six patients (mean age, 66.1 ± 9.4 years [range, 37 to 82 years]; 73% male) undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty had preoperative cultures of the unprepared skin surface and intraoperative cultures of the freshly incised dermis using special culture swabs. For the first 50 patients, a control swab was opened to air during the same time that the dermal specimen was obtained. The results for female and male patients were characterized as the Specimen Propionibacterium Value (SpPV). We then determined the degree to which the results of cultures of the skin surface specimens were predictive of the results of culture of the dermal specimens.

Results:
The skin-surface SpPV was ≥1 in 3 (17%) of the 18 female patients and 34 (71%) of the 48 male patients (p < 0.001). The dermal SpPV was ≥1 in 0 (0%) of the 18 female patients and 19 (40%) of the 48 male patients (p < 0.001). None of the control samples had an SpPV of ≥1. The predictive characteristics of a skin-surface SpPV of ≥1 for a dermal SpPV of ≥1 were as follows: sensitivity, 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.00); specificity, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.75); positive predictive value, 0.51 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.68); and negative predictive value, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00).

Conclusions:
A preoperative culture of the unprepared skin surface can help to predict whether the freshly incised dermal edge is likely to be positive for Propionibacterium. This test may help to identify patients who may merit more aggressive topical and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.

Clinical Relevance:
This study shows that surgeons have the opportunity to use preoperative skin cultures to determine the likelihood that the shoulder arthroplasty wound will be culture-positive for Propionibacterium.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) for Knee Cartilage Defects
Authors: Krill Michael , Early Nicholas , Everhart Joshua S. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: February 2018

* Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) was first developed in the late 1980s for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee. The first generation of ACI utilized a periosteal patch to contain the cultured chondrocyte solution within the defect. Because of issues with periosteal graft hypertrophy, ACI with use of a collagen membrane patch (second-generation ACI) was developed. Finally, the application of chondrocytes within a matrix (third-generation ACI) was created to improve cell delivery, to allow for minimally invasive implantation, to better replicate normal cartilage architecture, and to accelerate patient rehabilitation. As of December 2016, only 1 third-generation ACI product (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, or MACI) has been cleared for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is available in the United States.* ACI (regardless of generation) is effective for the treatment of high-grade tibiofemoral cartilage defects. However, issues with coronal alignment, ligament laxity/instability, and meniscal deficiency must be addressed or the outcomes following ACI will be poor.* Because of the extended time that is required for graft maturation, special consideration must be given to return-to-play protocols as athletes can regain strength and neuromuscular coordination well before the graft has sufficiently matured.
Water-smart sprinkler irrigation, prerequisite to climate change adaptation: a review
Authors: Issaka Zakaria , Li Hong , Yue Jiang , Tang Pan , Darko Ransford Opoku 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The world is increasingly experiencing water scarcity due to the impact of climate change, a phenomenon that is affecting agricultural production, particularly in tropical regions. An effective response system is required to adapt and reduce the impact on agricultural production. There have been calls on the role agriculture can play to reduce the impact without compromising food security. Hence, the present article discusses some of the major difficulties in water-smart sprinkler irrigation to adapt to the impact of climate change on agricultural production. In order to meet investment cost with water-smart sprinkler irrigation, the fixed water dispersion device for an impact sprinkler needs to be optimized to improve its performance under low pressure conditions. This is necessary to produce the desirable droplets sizes for minimising evaporation losses and distortion by wind, whilst maintaining the large distance of throw. Further research should be backed by strong institutional support towards a wide-scale adoption of water-smart sprinkler irrigation technologies. This could be of significant benefit to better water management in the artificially drained catchments and lessen the impact of climate change on agricultural production.
Detection of drinking water contamination event with Mahalanobis distance method, using on-line monitoring sensors and manual measurement data
Authors: Dejus S. , Nescerecka A. , Kurcalts G. , Juhna T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Concerns about drinking water (DW) quality contamination during water distribution raise a need for real-time monitoring and rapid contamination detection. Early warning systems (EWS) are a potential solution. The EWS consist of multiple conventional sensors that provide the real-time measurements and algorithms that allow the recognizing of contamination events from normal operating conditions. In most cases, these algorithms have been established with artificial data, while data from real and biological contamination events are limited. The goal of the study was the event detection performance of the Mahalanobis distance method in combination with on-line DW quality monitoring sensors and manual measurements of grab samples for potential DW biological contamination scenarios. In this study three contamination scenarios were simulated in a pilot-scale DW distribution system: untreated river water, groundwater and wastewater intrusion, which represent realistic contamination scenarios and imply biological contamination. Temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), chlorine ion (Cl-), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), pH sensors and turbidity measurements were used as on-line sensors and for manual measurements. Novel adenosine-triphosphate and flow cytometric measurements were used for biological water quality evaluation. The results showed contamination detection probability from 56% to 89%, where the best performance was obtained with manual measurements. The probability of false alarm was 5–6% both for on-line and manual measurements. The Mahalanobis distance method with DW quality sensors has a good potential to be applied in EWS. However, the sustainability of the on-line measurement system and/or the detection algorithm should be improved.
As Crianças da Floresta: Na cotidianidade da doutrina do Santo Daime
Authors: Teixeira Mara Rosane Coelho 
Published: February 2018

Apresenta urn estudo da infância no contexto da floresta Amazonica circundada pelas práticas ritualisticas da doutrina do Santo Daime, na Vila Céu do Mapiá. o olhar da pesquisadora para as crianças foi funda­mentado em urn referencial teórico metodológico que concebe a infancia como categoria social, entendendo as mesmas como sujeitos da história,produtoras de cultura. A criança é focalizada na perspectiva de ser ou­tro, numa relacão de alteridade no qual compartilham de toda intricada teia simbólica, cultural e social presente na cotidianidade da doutrina do Santo Daime, em que vivenciam a universalidade da infância.
"Todo dia ela(s) faz(em) tudo sempre igual": relações de multo trabalho e pouco poder, vividas pelas assentadas sergipanas
Authors: Santana Monica Cristina Silva 
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tern como objetivo analisar os limites e possibilidades da participação das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais, principalmente, e dos homens, no cotidiano de assentamentos rurais no Estado de Sergipe, a exemplo de Ivan Ribeiro, Vitória da União, e Nossa Senhora da Gló­ria. Através das relações de gênero, revelo como o trabalho feminino é repleto de clivagens e assimetrias de poder, reforçado pelas divisões sexuais e por menor participação nas decisões do grupo. O trabalho das assentadas é visto como uma extensão de seu papel de mãe, esposa e dona de casa que se sobrepõe as atividades produtivas fora do ambi­ente doméstico.
Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Intercultural: Dilemas de Acesso, uso e Divisão Justa e Equitativa de Benefícios
Authors: Fetz Marcelo , Vargas Marcelo 
Published: February 2018

A regulamentação de estratégias de acesso, uso e divisão de be- nefícios em pesquisas tecnocientíficas com uso de conhecimen- to tradicional é tema de inúmeros debates mundo afora. Com o objetivo de contribuir com os estudos sociológicos sobre a ques- tão, este artigo analisa duas estratégias de pesquisa e desenvolvi- mento adotadas pelo campo científico para acessar, usar e dividir benefícios com comunidades tradicionais/étnicas. Os modelos de pesquisa horizontal e pesquisa vertical destacam os dilemas, conflitos e virtudes observados em atividades de pesquisas vol- tadas para a produção de capital científico puro e para a inova- ção tecnológica no campo farmacêutico. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com os estudos sobre as diferentes estratégias para a divisão justa e equitativa de benefícios em pesquisas intercul- turais realizadas no compartilhamento de informações e conhe- cimentos e utilização de mecanismos de propriedade privada.
RETORNO A MARX
Authors: Lautman Jacques 
Published: February 2018

Durante a época fordista, o regime de acumulação e o compromisso institucional tornavam o tema marxista do conflito de classes muito ul- trapassado. Mas esse regime perdeu fôlego em 1970 mais ou menos. O efeito social massivo é a diminuição da parte dos salários na renda distribuída, logo, o aumento dos lucros que vão, em parte, diretamente para os bolsos dos acionistas e dessa pequena parcela de assalariados que se beneficiam dos stock options e de cláusulas financeiras extravagantes. O conflito de classes voltou à atualidade com um belo vigor. As pistas abertas por A. Sorensen tocam em processos fundamentais dos conflitos de classes contemporâneos, articulando formação e destruição das rendas à variedade de estilos de vida. Romancistas e cineastas conseguem descrever essa variedade com mais leveza e mesma profundidade, na verdade nitidamente melhor, do que os sociólogos de profissão.
O DISCURSO DA ESQUERDA EM MARÇO DE 1964: AS REFORMAS E O MEDO DO GOLPE
Authors: De Mendonça Daniel 
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar uma série de manifestações dos principais grupos de esquerda que davam sustentação política ao governo João Goulart em março de 1964. É possível, a partir dos docu- mentos que serão aqui analisados, apontar um discurso comum entre tais grupos heterogêneos, no sentido de que, por um lado, todos com- partilhavam com o desejo da implementação das reformas de base. Por outro lado, esses grupos nutriam igualmente o medo de um golpe civil-militar contra as instituições democráticas brasileiras, o que afinal acabou por ocorrer em 31 de março.
Diversidad de macrolíquenes saxícolas en México: caso de estudio del distrito minero de Guanajuato
Authors: Puy y Alquiza Maria Jesús , Gómez-Peralta Marlene , Reyes-Zamudio Veridiana , Gregorio-Cipriano María Del Rosario , Miranda-Avilés Raúl , Ríos-Ureña Dulce Noemi , Cortés-Hernández Violeta 
Published: February 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La diversidad de macrolíquenes saxícolas en el estado de Guanajuato es poco conocida. Los escasos datos que existen son menciones de colectas y de especies en páginas electrónicas especializadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue contribuir, mediante la elaboración de un listado florístico, al conocimiento de la diversidad de macrolíquenes saxícolas en cuatro localidades (cerro “La Bufa”, parque ecológico “El Orito”, carretera panorámica “El Pípila” y Sierra de Santa Rosa de Lima).Métodos: Los ejemplares fueron recolectados y posteriormente determinados mediante el uso de claves especializadas, considerando características morfológicas, anatómicas y químicas. Se apoyó en observaciones al microscopio estereoscópico y compuesto, respuesta a reactivos químicos y, en algunos casos, en la realización de cromatografía de capa fina. Finalmente se revisaron descripciones de las mismas y se cotejaron los ejemplares determinados con aquellos existentes en el herbario EBUM de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Resultados clave: Se presenta una lista de 42 especies para el distrito minero de Guanajuato, que constituyen registros nuevos para las localidades estudiadas; 23 son nuevos registros para el estado de Guanajuato y uno lo es para México.Conclusiones: De las 42 especies, la familia Parmeliaceae es la más representativa del área de estudio, especialmente el género Xanthoparmeliacon nueve especies, de las cuales tres son nuevos registros para el estado de Guanajuato y una de ellas lo es para México. La zona de La Bufa con clima semicálido y la ignimbrita como roca dominante reúne la mayoría de las especies registradas. Las especies de las familias Cladoniaceae, Usneaceae, Ramalinaceae y Stereocaulaceae son representativas de la zona de Santa Rosa de Lima en donde domina un clima húmedo y la toba riolítica como roca principal.
Building and Protecting Organizational Trust with External Publics: Canadian Senior Executives' Perspectives
Authors: Doyle Oldfield Natalie , Kushniryk Alla 
Published: February 2018

Background Building and protecting trust has always been challenging, yet critical for organizational success.Analysis This article examines how Canadian organizations recognized as being successful generate trust with their external publics. Using a grounded theory approach, the authors interviewed 10 senior executives from publicly recognized successful Canadian companies.Conclusion and implications Based on their findings, the authors propose eight principles for organizations to follow to build and protect organizational trust with their external publics.Keywords Organizational trust; In-depth interviews; Grounded theory; External publicsContexte La construction et la protection de la confiance ont toujours été difficiles, mais essentielles pour le succès de l’organisation.Analyse Cet article examine comment les organisations canadiennes qui sont reconnues comme réussies instaurent la confiance avec leurs publics externes. En utilisant une approche de la théorie ancrée, dix cadres supérieurs d’entreprises réussies publiquement reconnues ont été interviewés au Canada.Conclusions et implications S’inspirant de leurs découvertes, les auteurs proposent huit principes pour les organisations à suivre afin de construire et de protéger la confiance organisationnelle avec leurs publics externes.Mots clés Confiance organisationnelle: Entretiens approfondis; Théorie ancrée; Public externe
Canadian Indie Games Between the Global and the Local
Authors: Parker Felan , Jenson Jennifer 
Published: February 2018

Background Independent or “indie” games play a significant role in the contemporary game industry, and Canada is home to several prominent hubs of indie gaming activity. Analysis Drawing on 34 interviews with developers and community organizers across the country, this article examines how Canadian indie game developers construct their identities and communities on three levels: global, national, and local. Conclusions and Implications While online and local indie gaming communities provide a variety of material and symbolic benefits to participation, national identification is conspicuously absent, except in certain contexts tied to cultural policy and government support. This article argues that the intersection of the global and the local is the primary site of indie identity and community and considers the implications for Canadian cultural industries more generally. Keywords New media; Globalization; Cultural industries policy; Arts policy; Production/co-production RÉSUMÉ Contexte De nos jours, les jeux en ligne indépendants occupent une place significative dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo, et il y a plusieurs centres de jeux indépendants au Canada. Analyse Cet article se fonde sur 34 entrevues avec des créateurs et des organisateurs communautaires partout au pays afin d’examiner comment les créateurs de jeux vidéo indépendants au Canada construisent leurs identités et leurs communautés à trois niveaux : mondial, national et local. Conclusions et implications Au niveau local, les communautés de jeux indépendants en ligne ont beau offrir un éventail de bénéfices matériaux et symboliques aux participants, l’identification nationale brille par son absence, sauf dans quelques contextes établis grâce à certaines politiques culturelles et à un appui de la part du gouvernement. Cet article soutient que l’intersection du mondial et du local est le site primaire de l’identité et de la communauté indépendantes et il considère plus généralement les implications des jeux indépendants pour les industries culturelles canadiennes. Mots clés Nouveaux médias; Mondialisation; Politiques sur les industries culturelles; Politiques sur les arts; Production/coproduction
Modelling A Cooperative Approach to Open Access Scholarly Publishing: A Demonstration in the Canadian Context
Authors: Willinsky John 
Published: February 2018

Background In light of increasing interest in open access publishing, this Research in Brief proposes and presents a financial analysis of a cooperative approach to moving subscription journals to open access.Analysis The article utilizes a 2014 survey of Canadian scholarly journals as well as an earlier 2004 survey to demonstrate the ways in which a cooperative model can mitigate publisher risk and sustain open access.Conclusions and implications The study sets out the financial details of moving the “average” Canadian subscription journal to open access with the support of its previously subscribing libraries, in ways that need not involve a publisher revenue loss or a library expense increase.Keywords Journals; Open access; Financial modelling; CanadaContexte Vu l’intérêt croissant pour l’édition à libre accès, cette Recherche en bref propose et présente une analyse financière d’une approche coopérative à bouger les revues d’abonnement à l’accès libre.Analyse Cet article utilise un sondage de 2014 des revues scolaires canadiennes ainsi qu’un sondage auparavant de 2004 à décrire les façons dont un modèle coopératif peut réduire le risque d’éditeur et maintenir l’accès libre.Conclusion et implications L’étude expose les détails financiers de bouger la « moyenne » revue d’abonnement canadienne à l’accès libre avec le soutien de ses bibliothèques qui lui s’abonnent précédemment, dans des façons qui n’impliquent pas une perte du chiffre d’affaires d’éditeur ou une augmentation de la dépense de bibliothèque.Mots clés Revues; Accès libre; Modélisation financière; Canada
Novel homozygous mutation in CYP27B1 gene of vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A: a case report
Authors: Dubayee Mohammed Al , Fattouh Reem Al , Juraibah Fahad Al , Mutairi Fuad Al , Babiker Amir 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Vitamin D is a vital hormone in preserving calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body and maintaining normal growth and mineralization of bones.

Case Presentation:
We identified a patient with vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A). This patient had rachitic skeletal manifestations, macrocephaly, retarded motor development, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase, and secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with normal 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. These biochemical abnormalities are consistent with the diagnosis of VDDR1A. Molecular analysis of CYP27B1 gene revealed novel homozygous mutation “Gly125Arg”. Unaffected parents were heterozygous carriers.

Conclusion:
It is highly suggestive that “Gly125Arg” is the molecular defect causing this disease in our patient. Gly125Arg is likely to be a pathogenic mutation that leads to VDDR1A.