bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Methodology of Structural Incorporation for Model Transfer and Construction: The Case of Malthus’ and Darwin’s Models of Population
Authors: Chen Ruey-Lin , Bolduc Jean-Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology to investigate how the conceptual structure of a model may have borrowed from an already existing model in a different field. From a reverse perspective, it amounts to hypothesizing that an already existing model was somehow transferred to a new field and incorporated into a newly constructed model with the purpose of explaining some additional phenomena. We use two well-known theoretic models, Robert Malthus’ model of human population and Darwin’s model of organism population included in the theory of evolution by natural selection, to exemplify this “incorporation of a conceptual structure” methodology. By highlighting how the conceptual structure of Malthus’ model actually sits within that of Darwin’s model, we show how Darwin’s model may have been constructed, on the one hand, and how Malthus’ model may have been transferred, on the other hand. In order to show how the construction and transfer occur, we outline five epistemic strategies that could be underlying incorporation. Overall, this methodology can be viewed as a diadic and bijective perspective on models that can be applied to other similar cases, using “construction” and “transfer” as complementary handles to probe the available conceptual, structural, and historiographical material.
The Responses of Antarctic Sea Ice and Overturning Cells to Meridional Wind Forcing
Authors: Song Hajoon , Choi Yeonju , Doddridge Edward W. , Marshall John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Meridional winds over the seasonal ice zone of the Antarctic have undergone changes and likely contributed to sea ice extent variability in recent decades. In this study, using observations and an eddy-resolving channel model of the Antarctic seasonal ice zone, we investigate the influence of meridional wind changes on the sea ice distribution and document how the underlying ocean might change. We find that southerly wind anomalies in austral winter lead to an increase in sea ice extent by encouraging equatorward sea ice drift. This results in more leads and polynyas, ice production, and buoyancy loss near the coastal region and freshening out in the open ocean near the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In contrast, summertime southerly wind anomalies reduce sea ice extent due to warming anomalies near the sea ice edge. This is a consequence of enhanced meridional overturning circulation (MOC) triggered by enhanced buoyancy loss through surface heat flux and brine rejection, which brings relatively warm water toward the summertime sea ice edge. A water-mass transformation analysis reveals the increased bottom water formation caused by brine rejection and heat loss in leads and polynyas. Changes in sea ice extent and MOC behave in the opposite way when the sign of the wind anomaly is switched from southerly to northerly. Our study shows that meridional wind anomalies can modify not only the sea ice distribution, extent of polynyas, and air–sea buoyancy fluxes but also the ocean’s MOC and bottom water properties.
The effectiveness of schoolteachers as first aid instructors
Authors: Tse Eleana , Plakitsi Katerina , Voulgaris Spyridon , Alexiou George A 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of specialised personnel versus schoolteachers in delivering first aid teaching and trauma management to children aged 4–8 years in Greece. Methods: An experimental study with an educational intervention was conducted, involving three groups of children: a control group which received no special teaching, and two experimental groups which received teaching by either regular teachers or specialised personnel. The study comprised 180 students with an average age of 6 years. Four repeated measurements were taken in the experimental groups, while the control group underwent a single measurement. An assessment of the children’s first aid knowledge and skills was undertaken using scenario-based observations with checklists and questionnaires. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in children’s first aid knowledge and skills between the two experimental groups ( p > .05). Participants in both teaching groups demonstrated significant improvements after teaching and maintained these skills at subsequent follow-ups ( p < .05). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that teacher-led first aid teaching can be as effective as teaching by specialised personnel for young children aged 4–8 years. Integrating first aid education into schools, delivered by teachers, can be a cost-effective approach to imparting valuable life-saving skills. These findings contribute to efforts in enhancing community safety by ensuring broad-based preparedness to respond to emergencies.
Extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of thermal conductivity in mycelium composites
Authors: Wildman Joni , Shea Andy , Walker Pete , Henk Daniel 
Published: December 2024

The need for the construction industry to reduce both operational and embodied carbon emissions is urgent. Traditional insulation materials, while effective, require energy-intensive processes and non-renewable resources, making them unsustainable. Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) offer a sustainable alternative with low embodied carbon, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, and studies show promising thermal performance. However, accurate measurement of λ is crucial to ensure effectiveness, requiring an understanding of the factors influencing these measurements. This paper reviews the thermal conductivity of MBCs, covering 19 studies reporting λ values from 0.026 W/mK to 0.18 W/mK. Measurement techniques and their uncertainties are reviewed, as well as additional factors affecting λ, including moisture content, density, temperature, substrate, fungal species, and growth conditions. The influence of the fungal-skin layer and the anisotropic nature of MBCs is discussed. Standardised measurement protocols and thorough methodological reporting are emphasised to ensure comparability. By optimising intrinsic parameters like species-substrate combinations and growth conditions, MBC thermal performance can be improved. This paper informs on MBC thermal characterization, promoting broader adoption in the construction industry and advancing sustainable practices. Consequently, this review aims to guide future research and applications, aiding in reducing both operational and embodied carbon emissions.
Habitual caffeine intake, genetics and cognitive performance
Authors: Kapellou Angeliki , Pilic Leta , Mavrommatis Yiannis 
Published: December 2024

Background: Research on caffeine and cognitive performance remains controversial. Variations in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and response such as CYP1A2, AHR and ADORA2A may account for variable findings. Aim: To investigate caffeine × gene interactions on cognitive performance in all key domains of cognition in healthy individuals. Methods: Participants completed a lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire and a cognitive test battery including validated tasks to assess the domains of social cognition, memory, attention and executive function. Genotyping was performed for AHR rs6968554, CYP1A2 rs2472297, ADORA2A rs5751876, ADA rs73598374 and APOE rs429358 and rs7412. Results: Significant gene × caffeine interactions were observed for the domains of social cognition, ( F2, 123 = 5.848, p = 0.004) and executive function ( F2, 109 = 3.690, p = 0.028). ‘Slow’ metabolisers had a higher performance in social cognition compared with ‘fast’ metabolisers among high-caffeine consumers ( p = 0.004), while ‘fast’ metabolisers had a higher performance in executive function compared with ‘slow’ metabolisers among moderate caffeine consumers ( p = 0.002). Conclusions: The present findings suggest an association between genetic caffeine metabolism, habitual caffeine intake and cognitive function in the domains of social cognition and executive function. More research in naturalistic environments using larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings to add to our understanding of how habitual caffeine may influence cognitive function based on individual genotype.
Subgroup analysis of imaging scans, invasive examinations and prognosis in mild-to-moderate isolated foetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Yang Chun , Chi Xia , Wang Yan , Zhang Cuiping , Zhou Ran , Jia Xuemei , Qiao Fengchang , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to analyse the causes of foetal mild-to-moderate isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) and to evaluate the prognosis of neurological development in surviving children in different subgroups. Methods We retrospectively studied mild-to-moderate IVM diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound scans in different subgroups according to the laterality of IVM, the degree of IVM and foetal sex independently. The results of foetal chromosomal microarray analysis, virological tests of umbilical cord blood or amniotic fluid, foetal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound were collected. Long-term follow-up was performed to assess the neurodevelopment of children within 66 months through telephone interviews and/or the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3. Results The moderate group showed more chromosomal abnormalities (16.2% vs. 4.1%) and greater structural anomalies in the brain (31.8% vs. 7.5%) than the mild group. Female foetuses showed more structural anomalies than male foetuses (25.0% vs. 7.2%). However, an adverse prognosis of children was not different across the different subgroups. Conclusion Moderate IVM may be more strongly associated with chromosomal aberrations and structural malformations than mild IVM. However, the adverse prognosis of children was similar between the different subgroups analysed.
DEHP impairs the oxidative stress response and disrupts trace element and mineral metabolism within the mitochondria of detoxification organs
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Karabulut Gozde , Barlas Nurhayat , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray 
Published: December 2024

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely utilized plasticizer in various consumer products, is classified as an endocrine disruptor and has been implicated in numerous adverse health effects, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Despite the growing body of literature addressing the systemic effects of DEHP, the specific influence of DEHP-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function within detoxification organs, particularly the liver and kidneys, remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the effects of DEHP exposure (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) on mitochondrial oxidative stress, trace elements, and mineral metabolism associated with signaling pathways in the liver and kidneys of rats. Altered mitochondrial oxidative stress status was indicated by impaired glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphoglucerate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, along with significant disruptions in essential minerals and trace elements, including Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Key oxidative stress signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, Akt, STAT3, and CREB, glucose, and tissue homeostasis, displayed dose-dependent responses to DEHP, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into DEHP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting its effects on oxidative stress metabolism, trace element homeostasis, and cellular signaling pathways in detoxification organs. These findings provide novel insights into the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying DEHP toxicity and underscores the need for further research into the implications of plasticizer exposure on human health.
Valproic Acid for Hyperactive Delirium and Agitation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nuti Olivia , Merchan Cristian , Ahuja Tania , Arnouk Serena , Papadopoulos John , Katz Alyson 
Published: December 2024

Background Delirium and agitation are common syndromes in critically ill patients. Valproic acid (VPA) has shown benefit in intensive care unit (ICU)-associated delirium and agitation, but further evaluation is needed. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VPA for hyperactive delirium and agitation in critically ill adult patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study at NYU Langone Health was conducted in critically ill patients treated with VPA for hyperactive delirium or agitation from October 1, 2017 to October 1, 2022. The primary outcome was effectiveness of VPA, defined as a reduction in the total number of any concomitant psychoactive medication by day 3 of VPA treatment. Secondary outcomes included the effect of VPA on the doses of concomitant medications and adverse events. Results A total of 87 patients were included in the final analysis. By day 3 of VPA treatment, a 33% reduction ( P < .001) in the total number of concomitant psychoactive medications was observed. VPA decreased the need for sedatives, as assessed by midazolam equivalents, but no significant changes were seen with dexmedetomidine alone, opioids, or antipsychotics. A 10 mg/kg loading dose was utilized in 36% of the cohort and its use decreased the risk for initiating additional psychoactive medications by day 3 of therapy (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-7.8, P = .047), with benefits noted as early as 48 h after initiation. Adverse events were low in the total cohort (10.3%). Conclusion and Relevance The addition of VPA to a complex pharmacologic regimen for hyperactive delirium and agitation is safe and can assist in the prevention of polypharmacy and overall workload in critically ill patients admitted primarily for cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
Palliative Care Outcomes for Critically ill Children After Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Perofsky Katherine , Doshi Ami , Boulil Zaineb , Beauchamp Walters Julia , Lee Euyhyun , Dimmock David , Kingsmore Stephen , Coufal Nicole G. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives Clinical utility of rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) has been reported in 30–70% of pediatric ICU patients who receive a molecular diagnosis. Rapid molecular diagnostic techniques have been increasingly integrated into critical care, yet the influence of genetic test results on palliative care related decision making is largely unknown. This study evaluates palliative care related outcomes after rWGS. Design Retrospective chart review Setting Tertiary children's hospital Patients Acutely ill children [Formula: see text] 18 years of age who received rWGS due to suspected genetic disease between July 2016 and November 2019 Interventions rWGS with associated precision medicine Measurements and Main Results 536 patients underwent rWGS, of whom 152 (28.4%) received a molecular diagnosis. Diagnostic rWGS was associated with more code status modifications, an increase in palliative care inpatient consultations, and greater enrollment in home-based palliative services. A comparison of diagnostic and nondiagnostic rWGS groups where palliative decisions were made prior to reporting of genomic testing results did not identify differences between the groups. In the subset of patients who had palliative care interventions ( n = 57, 53% with diagnostic rWGS), time to palliative care consultation and time to compassionate extubation were shorter for patients with rWGS-based diagnoses (Kaplan-Meier method, P = .008; P = .015). Significantly more patients in this subgroup with diagnostic rWGS received home-based palliative care (Chi-squared, P = .025, 95% CI [−0.47, −0.05]). Univariate Poisson regression indicated that diagnostic rWGS is associated with significantly fewer emergency visits, PICU admissions, and unplanned intubations. Conclusions Diagnostic rWGS correlates with more rapid engagement of pediatric palliative care services, higher enrollment rates in home-based palliative care, and shorter time to compassionate extubation. Further studies are needed with larger cohort sizes and validated pediatric palliative care outcome measurement tools to accurately determine if this change in care is driven by the underlying condition or knowledge of a molecular diagnosis.
Informing Vaccine Messaging and Community Outreach: Experience in Chicago with a Community-Based Participatory Approach
Authors: Parsa Naseem , Dworkin Mark , Thompson Caesar , Chandler Cornelius , Lee SangEun , Kang Aram , Ghebenei Diana , Martin Melissa , Peacock Nadine , Hebert-Beirne Jeni , Stiehl Emily 
Published: December 2024

Purpose In response to disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in urban environments, we ascertained whether a community-engaged evaluation could rapidly determine why unvaccinated Chicago residents were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Approach The assessment used a mixed-methods approach, grounded in community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. Setting Interviews were conducted by community partners between April and May 2022 in Chicago, in-person and via phone. Participants A purposive sample of Chicagoans (n = 456), who were: (1) adults (≥18 years); (2) living in priority areas in Chicago heavily impacted by COVID-19; (3) who spoke English or Spanish; and (4) had not received the COVID-19 vaccine. Method A transdisciplinary academic-community team co-developed an assessment tool. Members of Chicago’s Community Health Response Corps (CHRC) (N = 115) interviewed participants, using a 46-item survey in Qualtrics. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative software, including Dedoose for coding and SAS for descriptive statistics. Results Over half of all respondents were not concerned about getting COVID-19. Respondents voiced concerns about side effects (36%), vaccine safety (27%), and trust in governmental institutions, given historical events involving unethical research. Participants also reported other social needs (e.g., food or housing insecurity) that made COVID-19 a lower priority. Conclusion The collaborative research approach highlighted issues of trust, concerns about side effects and vaccine safety, issues that have informed vaccine messaging.
Identification and functional analysis of novel biomarkers related to retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Song Wenqi , Huang Bingyao , Wang Tao , Sun Chao 
Published: December 2024

Background Proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR) seriously affects the vision of patients. Exploring the key genes of retinal neovascularization is crucial for developing new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Objective This study aimed to identify key genes associated with retinal neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), intending to develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This would further our understanding of the progression of diabetic retinopathy and improve patient prognosis. Methods The gene data from 36 diabetic retinopathy patient samples and 45 samples from healthy volunteers or diabetic patients were selected from the GEO DataSets (Gene Expression Omnibus), specifically datasets GSE102485 and GSE160310. Utilizing the SVA algorithm to merge datasets and the limma package in R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Functional insights were gained through DAVID database analyses, while STRING database-derived Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks visualized in Cytoscape provided further context. Key genes were identified through LASSO regression and SVM analyses, with ROC curves assessing their diagnostic value. Single gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enhanced our understanding of the perturbed biological processes and pathways, advancing knowledge of diabetic retinopathy at the genomic level. Results A rigorous bioinformatic analysis yielded a comprehensive list of 1139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which six pivotal genes—KDM5D, AC007040.11, AC015688.3, NLRP2, GYPC, and TMSB4Y—were identified as central to the study. These six genes consistently demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, with each exhibiting an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) exceeding 0.75. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis elucidated their primary roles in intricate biological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses, T-cell activation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed their involvement in crucial signaling cascades such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion molecule pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling, and hematopoietic cell lineage, further substantiating their significance in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions In this research, we conducted a comprehensive gene expression analysis in patients with and without PDR, identifying differentially expressed genes, pivotal biomarkers, and critical pathways potentially involved in PDR progression. Our findings enhance understanding of PDR's molecular dynamics and offer potential avenues for improved prognostication and therapeutic intervention, despite limitations due to sample group heterogeneity.
Predictive value of the hospital frailty risk score in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yujie , Zhuo Chuanchuan , Shen Shi , Zhuo Naiqiang 
Published: December 2024

Background Although artificial hip and knee arthroplasty has been widely used, the incidence of perioperative complications remains relatively high due to factors such as long operation time and large surgical incisions. However, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) clinical value for patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in China is not yet clear. This study aims to explore its clinical value in this population. Objective To explore predictive value of the HFRS in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. Methods Elderly patients who underwent artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into the non-frail risk group (HFRS <5 points) and the frail risk group (HFRS ≥5 points) on the basis of the literature grading method. 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were assessed. General data including age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, and surgical time were collected through the electronic medical record system. The occurrence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis, periprosthetic infection, hematoma, anemia, and overall complications was recorded. Hospitalization days, surgical costs, and total treatment costs were also calculated for all patients. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, or surgical time between the two groups ( p > 0.05). The frail risk group had significantly higher mFI-5 and CCI scores ( p < 0.05). This group also had a higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis and overall complications ( p < 0.05), but similar rates of periprosthetic infection, hematoma, and anemia ( p > 0.05). ROC analysis showed HFRS had the highest predictive value for postoperative complications (AUC = 0.851) compared to mFI-5 (0.786) and CCI (0.739). Surgical costs were similar ( p > 0.05), but the frail group had longer hospital stays and higher total treatment costs ( p < 0.05). Conclusion HFRS has better predictive value for perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty compared to mFI-5 and CCI scores, and it can be used for predicting perioperative complications in elderly patients with this surgery.