bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reflective memory based framework for crowd network simulations
Authors: Hongbo Sun , Zhang Mi 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
As main mode of modern service industry and future economy society, the research on crowd network can greatly facilitate governances of economy society and make it more efficient, humane, sustainable and at the same time avoid disorders. However, because most results cannot be observed in real world, the research of crowd network cannot follow a traditional way. Simulation is the main means to put forward related research studies. Compared with other large-scale interactive simulations, simulation for crowd network has challenges of dynamic, diversification and massive participants. Fortunately, known as the most famous and widely accepted standard, high level architecture (HLA) has been widely used in large-scale simulations. But when it comes to crowd network, HLA has shortcomings like fixed federation, limited scale and agreement outside the software system.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework for crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem.

Findings
With reference to HLA, this paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework toward crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, system-level simulation (system federation) and application-level simulation (application federations), which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem.

Originality/value
Simulation syntax and semantic are all settled under this framework by templates, especially interface templates, as simulations are separated by two-level federations, physical and logical simulation environment are considered separately; the definition of simulation execution is flexible. When developing new simulations, recompile is not necessary, which can acquire much more reusability, because reflective memory is adopted as share memory within given simulation execution in this framework; population can be perceived by all federates, which greatly enhances the scalability of this kind of simulations; communication efficiency and capability has greatly improved by this share memory-based framework.
Integrating religiosity into fraud triangle theory: findings on Malaysian police officers
Authors: Said Jamaliah , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Karim Zulyanti Abdul , Johari Razana Juhaida 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical analysis of the factors that determine the occupational fraud behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes primary data collected by a questionnaire-based survey on 186 police officials of Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak. Data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and cross-sectional regression.FindingsThe results derived in the study showed a statistically significant positive relationship between three basic variables of the fraud theory – pressure, opportunity, and rationalization with asset misappropriation. Moreover, this study revealed that religiosity is statistically significantly and negatively correlated to asset misappropriation. Therefore, the higher religiosity of an individual correlates with the lower probability involve in asset misappropriation.Practical implicationsThe findings will help Anti-Corruption Commission, Enforcement Agency of Integrity Commission, Police Department, and relevant agencies from Malaysia and other countries to design policies for reducing cases of fraudulent behavior.Originality/valueThis study is an original work based on the primary data collection.
Using Lean tools to reduce patient waiting time
Authors: Lot Luciana Teixeira , Sarantopoulos Alice , Min Li Li , Perales Simone Reges , Boin Ilka de Fatima Santana Ferreira , Ataide Elaine Cristina de 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to address problems in patient flow and identify the reasons behind extensive wait time at a public liver transplant outpatient clinic in an education and research hospital through the use of Lean health-care theories.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper opted for the application of Lean thinking and action research strategy. Data were collected through personal observations, interviews with users and team brainstorming. A value stream map was developed, improvement possibilities were identified and non-value-added activities were attempted to be eliminated.

Findings
Significant problems were identified and improvements were implemented and measured. The major remedial measures were: change the scheduling pattern, create a flow chart and a Kanban visual guide for medical students. In addition, an institutional change in the medical appointment scheduling software collaborated in the reduction of time and in the patient’s displacement. The waiting time was reduced by 4.5 h, and the per cent complete and accurate increased by 50 per cent.

Practical implications
The flow was redesigned, and a culture of continuous improvement was introduced. Visiting the place where work was being done, leaders identified and created more value to the process without significant costs. The Gemba Walk was a powerful tool, interacting with people and processes in a Kaizen spirit.

Originality/value
Public health services in developing countries are one of the most deprived social needs of good practice. It will be useful for those who need examples about how to apply Lean tools in health care.
Outbreak of mumps virus genotype G infection in tribal individuals during 2016–17 in India
Authors: Vaidya Sunil R. , Tilavat Siddharth M. , Hamde Venkat S. , Bhattad Divya R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTribal individuals presented with fever and uni‐ or bi‐lateral parotitis in Galonda and Silli villages (Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India) between 2 October 2016 and 19 March 2017. Consequently, the magnitude and epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak were investigated. Overall, 139 cases of suspected mumps were identified in both the above villages. Most of the suspected cases were 5–15 years old, the exceptions being three adults who had no noticeable complications. Specimens were collected from 42 of the suspected cases and their close contacts (n = 39) for laboratory investigation. Mumps infection was laboratory‐confirmed in 73.8% and 20.5% of the suspected cases and contacts, respectively. Mumps was confirmed in seven adults aged 17–42 years, including three suspected cases and four contacts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete virus genome circulating among tribal individuals. Sequencing and phylogenetic studies revealed circulation of mumps virus genotype G in these tribal villages with 99% identity to a mumps virus detected in the UK (1996) and Canada (2009). Comparison with Indian mumps viruses revealed 99% and 98% identity to previously reported isolates from Pune during 2012 and 1986, respectively. Although the outbreak was large, no major complications were reported in the tribal villages. Detection of asymptomatic mumps in numerous close contacts indicates the importance of laboratory investigations in an outbreak setting.
Circadian periodicity in space use by ungulates of temperate regions: How much, when and why?
Authors: Péron Guillaume , Duparc Antoine , Garel Mathieu , Marchand Pascal , Morellet Nicolas , Saïd Sonia , Loison Anne 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

When they visit and revisit specific areas, animals may reveal what they need from their home range and how they acquire information. The temporal dimension of such movement recursions, that is, periodicity, is however rarely studied, yet potentially bears a species, population or individual‐specific signature.

A recent method allows estimating the contribution of periodic patterns to the variance in a movement path. We applied it to 709 individuals from five ungulate species, looking for species signatures in the form of seasonal variation in the intensity of circadian patterns.

Circadian patterns were commonplace in the movement tracks, but the amount of variance they explained was highly variable among individuals. It increased in intensity during spring and summer, when key resources were spatially segregated, and decreased during winter, when food availability was more uniformly low. Other periodicity‐inducing mechanisms supported by our comparison of species‐ and sex‐specific patterns involve young antipredator behaviour, territoriality and behavioural thermoregulation.

Model‐based continuous‐time movement metrics represent a new avenue for researchers interested in finding individual‐, population‐ or species‐specific signatures in heterogeneous movement databases featuring various study designs and sampling resolutions. However, we observed large amounts of individual variation, so comparative analyses should ideally use both GPS and animal‐borne loggers to augment the discriminatory power and be based on large samples. We briefly outline potential uses of the intensity of circadian patterns as a metric for the study of animal personality and community ecology.
‘I've got to get something out of it. And so do they’: experiences of people with aphasia and university students participating in a communication partner training programme for healthcare professionals
Authors: Cameron Ashley , Hudson Kyla , Finch Emma , Fleming Jennifer , Lethlean Jennifer , McPhail Steven 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCommunication partner training (CPT) has been used to support communication partners to interact successfully with people with aphasia (PWA). Through successful CPT interaction PWA's accessibility to healthcare is notably improved. The present study sought to build on prior studies by investigating the experiences of individuals with aphasia and healthcare providers to ascertain what they deemed to be beneficial from CPT and what could be refined or improved, dependent on the setting and skill set of those participating.AimsTo gain an understanding of the experiences of PWA involved in the provision of CPT to health professional (HP) students. Also to investigate the experiences of HP students who participated in the CPT programme.Methods & ProceduresEight PWA and 77 HP students who had completed a CPT programme participated in a focus group/semi‐structured interview (PWA) and feedback session (HP students) moderated by two speech–language pathologists (SLPs). These sessions were recorded (audio and video), transcribed verbatim, including non‐verbal communication, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Outcomes & ResultsOverall, the study sought to understand experiences of the training. Both the PWA and HP students reported positive experiences of CPT. PWA discussed their perception that CPT improved HPs and HP students’ understanding and interactions conversing with them and emphasized the need for training and education for all health related professions. HP students enjoyed the opportunity to experience interacting with PWA, without being ‘assessed’ and felt it consolidated their learning based on lecture content.Conclusions & ImplicationsInclusive and accessible healthcare is paramount to ensure the engagement of patients and providers. Based on the experiences and feedback of the participants in this current study, CPT offers a salient and practical training method with potential to improve practice. Participants perceived CPT to be beneficial and validated the need for the training to support PWA accessing healthcare.
Airport Expansion and the British Planning System: Regime Management
Authors: Marshall Tim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article examines the process whereby government and business elites have driven the expansion of London airports, particularly via the mode of the establishment of an ‘independent’ commission, the Davies Commission (2012–2015). It addresses the strategic framing of airports planning, including the role of National Policy Statements, and the nature of the consideration of the planning applications for consent to develop. Temporal and geographical dimensions are analysed, showing how central to the UK state project is the expansion of the southern English / Greater London core, with associated infrastructure geographies. It concludes that corporate and state power may well achieve the desired expansion of airport capacity in the London region, overriding environmental and other non‐commercial considerations. However, there are tensions in the dominant state and business model, given an apparent commitment to carbon emissions reduction and other air quality goals, as well as to minimising the costs to the public sector which airport expansion is likely to generate.
Changes in the Expression of Circulating microRNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient Blood Plasma After Passing Through a Plasma Adsorption Membrane
Authors: Ishibe Yusuke , Kusaoi Makio , Murayama Go , Nemoto Takuya , Kon Takayuki , Ogasawara Michihiro , Kempe Kazuo , Yamaji Ken , Tamura Naoto 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non‐coding RNAs that mainly function in the post‐transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNA that is secreted outside of cells, and which circulates in the peripheral blood, is called circulating microRNA. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune connective tissue disease and is mainly treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Therapeutic apheresis is often used to eliminate autoantibodies and cytokines. We have previously shown that circulating miRNAs in the blood of patients with SLE can be separated and removed from the blood using a plasma separation membrane. In the present study, we further separated circulating miRNA from three SLE patient's blood plasma by passing it through a plasma adsorption membrane, and then measured changes in miRNA levels using miRNAs microarray chip. Although the levels of many miRNAs were unaffected after passage through the plasma adsorption membrane, expression of some miRNAs, including miR‐1246, miR‐4732‐5p, and miR‐6088 are declined.
NOT EVEN OUR OWN FACTS: CRIMINOLOGY IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA
Authors: LYNCH JAMES 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCriminology is an applied discipline where the findings from the data collected and analyses conducted inform debates about policy and practice. For this to happen, a discipline must have an agreed‐upon set of facts to define the problem and suggest solutions. We can debate the soundness of fundamental data series, but these debates must take place within the confines of scientific inquiry and all data must be subjected to the same scrutiny. Data sources must comprise agreed‐upon standards for collection and be accessible for replication. The increasing use of “big data” has frayed this agreement about quality and accessibility and has made it more difficult for criminology to have its own facts. In this presentation, I define the term “big data” and argue it will be difficult for big data to replace traditional data sources and to live up to their potential for knowledge building. Finally, I suggest a few things that the discipline might do to address these problems of access and quality.
The G20's Reform of Bank Regulation and the Changing Structure of the Global Financial System
Authors: Knight Malcolm D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe G20's financial regulatory reform programme, underway since 2008, was designed as an integrated set of strengthened regulatory measures to make the global financial system more robust and less crisis‐prone. However, in practice the G20's stricter regulation of internationally active banks has not been matched by firmer oversight of other financial system participants that also take on large risks. The present article addresses the implications of this situation. Section 1 outlines the role of the banking sector within the broader market‐based financial system. Section 2 considers the dynamics of a crisis in such a system. The measures that the G20 has agreed thus far to strengthen the G‐SIBs, and regulators’ intentions with regard to strengthening other sectors of the financial system are summarized in Section 3. Section 4 describes how stricter bank regulation may affect the resilience of market‐based financial systems in conditions of stress. Section 5 discusses how the focus on strengthening bank regulation, combined with slow progress in extending regulation to other sectors, has accelerated structural change in the financial system and offers some conjectures on how this may alter financial risks, the way the financial system may respond to stress, and the implications for macroprudential regulation.
Three Lines of Defence: A Robust Organising Framework, or Just Lines in the Sand?
Authors: Davies Howard , Zhivitskaya Maria 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobal regulators agree there is a need to strengthen governance in financial firms. The failure of boards and senior management to consider the risks inherent in their pre‐crisis strategies is widely accepted as a crucial factor in the costly meltdown whose consequences continue to be felt. Regulators have tried to strengthen governance mechanisms and, in particular, have recommended a “three lines of defence” model to embed risk management throughout financial firms. Yet while this model is now in use across the financial sector in many countries, its origins are opaque, and its effectiveness untested. Some argue that diffusing the responsibility for risk management in this way in fact reduces accountability and effectiveness. And there is little external validation of the controls firms put in place. Does the three lines of defence system provide a false sense of security? Does it need to be rethought, or can it be enhanced?
Alcohol Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in People with HIV and Substance Use Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saitz Richard , Mesic Aldina , Ventura Alicia S. , Winter Michael R. , Heeren Timothy C. , Sullivan Meg M. , Walley Alexander Y. , Patts Gregory J. , Meli Seville M. , Holick Michael F. , Kim Theresa W. , Bryant Kendall J. , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) commonly have low bone mineral density (BMD) (low bone mass and osteoporosis) and are at high risk for fractures. Fractures and low BMD are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, increasingly relevant as PLWH age. Alcohol use is common among PLWH and known to affect bone health. The association between alcohol use and changes in BMD among PLWH is not well understood.MethodsWe conducted a 3.5‐year prospective cohort study of 250 PLWH with substance use disorder or ever injection drug use. Annual alcohol consumption was measured as a mean of grams per day of alcohol, mean number of heavy drinking days per month, mean number of days abstinent per month, and any heavy drinking, using the 30‐day Timeline Followback method twice each year. The primary outcome was annual change in BMD measured each year by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry in grams per square centimeter (g/cm2) at the femoral neck. Additional dependent variables included annual change in total hip and lumbar spine BMD, >6% annual decrease in BMD at any site, and incident fractures in the past year. Regression models adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsThe median age of participants was 50 years. The median duration of HIV infection was 16.5 years and the mean time since antiretroviral therapy initiation was 12.3 years. At study entry, 67% of participants met criteria for low BMD (46% low bone mass, 21% osteoporosis). Median follow‐up was 24 months. We found no significant associations between any measure of alcohol consumption and changes in BMD (g/cm2) at the femoral neck (adjusted β for g/d of alcohol = −0.0032, p = 0.7487), total hip, or lumbar spine. There was no significant association between any measure of alcohol consumption and >6% annual decrease in BMD at any site, or incident fractures.ConclusionsIn this sample of PLWH and substance use disorders or ever injection drug use, we detected no association between any of the alcohol measures used in the study and changes in BMD or incident fractures.
Variation in malaria infection and immune defence in invasive and endemic house sparrows
Authors: Marzal A. , Møller A. P. , Espinoza K. , Morales S. , Luján‐Vega C. , Cárdenas‐Callirgos J. M. , Mendo L. , Álvarez‐Barrientos A. , González‐Blázquez M. , García‐Longoria L. , de Lope F. , Mendoza C. , Iannacone J. , Magallanes S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiological invasions by exotic species impose substantial ecological, economic and social costs worldwide, being a major threat to biodiversity conservation. Because not all individuals introduced in the new environments become successful invaders, the identification of factors underlying variation in invasion success would be essential for evaluating invasion risk. Here, we test several host–parasite hypotheses accounting for invasion success of house sparrowsPasser domesticusin Peru. According to theEnemy Release Hypothesis, invasive house sparrows from Peru showed lower prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites than sparrows from their natural range (Spain), indicating that the release from their natural parasites may have favoured the spread of sparrows in the new area of occurrence. We also showed that Peruvian sparrows had larger uropygial glands and higher anti‐bacterial activity in its secretion than sparrows from Spain, suggesting selection in defensive mechanisms driven by pathogens when colonizing new environments. Finally, we showed that uninfected sparrows had larger uropygial glands and higher anti‐bacterial activity than malaria‐infected house sparrows, implying that uropygial gland secretions may act as a defensive mechanism against haemosporidian infections. Alternatively, a condition‐dependent trade‐off exists between synthesis of uropygial secretion and immune response. These outcomes provide essential information for identifying potential invaders and designing interventions.