bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized prediction of antidepressant v. placebo response: evidence from the EMBARC study
Authors: Webb Christian A. , Trivedi Madhukar H. , Cohen Zachary D. , Dillon Daniel G. , Fournier Jay C. , Goer Franziska , Fava Maurizio , McGrath Patrick J. , Weissman Myrna , Parsey Ramin , Adams Phil , Trombello Joseph M. , Cooper Crystal , Deldin Patricia , Oquendo Maria A. , McInnis Melvin G. , Huys Quentin , Bruder Gerard , Kurian Benji T. , Jha Manish , DeRubeis Robert J. , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous condition in terms of symptom presentation and, likely, underlying pathophysiology. Accordingly, it is possible that only certain individuals with MDD are well-suited to antidepressants. A potentially fruitful approach to parsing this heterogeneity is to focus on promising endophenotypes of depression, such as neuroticism, anhedonia, and cognitive control deficits.MethodsWithin an 8-week multisite trial of sertraline v. placebo for depressed adults (n = 216), we examined whether the combination of machine learning with a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) can generate individualized treatment recommendations on the basis of endophenotype profiles coupled with clinical and demographic characteristics.ResultsFive pre-treatment variables moderated treatment response. Higher depression severity and neuroticism, older age, less impairment in cognitive control, and being employed were each associated with better outcomes to sertraline than placebo. Across 1000 iterations of a 10-fold cross-validation, the PAI model predicted that 31% of the sample would exhibit a clinically meaningful advantage [post-treatment Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) difference ⩾3] with sertraline relative to placebo. Although there were no overall outcome differences between treatment groups (d = 0.15), those identified as optimally suited to sertraline at pre-treatment had better week 8 HRSD scores if randomized to sertraline (10.7) than placebo (14.7) (d = 0.58).ConclusionsA subset of MDD patients optimally suited to sertraline can be identified on the basis of pre-treatment characteristics. This model must be tested prospectively before it can be used to inform treatment selection. However, findings demonstrate the potential to improve individual outcomes through algorithm-guided treatment recommendations.
Fascism, Imperialism and International Law: An Arch Met a Motorway and the Rest is History . . .
Authors: PARFITT ROSE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat would happen to our understanding of international law and its relationship with violence if we collapsed the distinction between our supposedly post-colonial ‘present’ and its colonial ‘past’; between the sovereign spaces of the twenty-first century global order, and the integrated, hierarchical space of fascist imperialism? I respond to this question through an investigation into the physical contours of a precise ‘imperial location’: 30°31′00″N, 18°34′00″E. These co-ordinates refer to a point on the sea-edge of the Sirtica that is occupied today by the Ra's Lanuf oil refinery, one of Libya's three most important such facilities. In the late 1930s, however, during Libya's period of fascist colonial rule, this was the point at which a state-of-the-art motorway, the Via litoranea libica, was crossed by a giant triumphal arch, the Arco dei Fileni. Through a chronotopic reading of the temporal, spatial and interpellative aspects of this point, its architecture and its history, I suggest that fascist lawyers, officials and intellectuals accepted a horrifying truth about the relationship between international law and violence – a relationship that twenty-first century doctrinal international law is loath to confront, concerning the inherently expansionist logic of the sovereign state, and the inevitably hierarchical ordering of the ‘international community’ which stems from it.
The Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunamis, and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster: Lessons for Evidence Integration from a WADEM 2017 Presentation and Panel Discussion
Authors: Leppold Claire , Ochi Sae , Nomura Shuhei , Murray Virginia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn April 2017, some of the health impacts of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunamis, and resultant Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster (Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan) were presented at the 19th Congress of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) in Toronto, Canada. A panel discussion was then opened by asking audience members about their experiences in their own countries, and how they would suggest taking steps to reach the goals of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. This paper summarizes the presentation and panel discussion, with a particular focus on the common problems identified in understanding and reducing health risks from disasters in multiple countries, such as the ethical and practical difficulties in decision making on evacuating vulnerable populations that arose similarly during the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011 and Hurricane Ike’s approach to Galveston (Texas USA) in 2008. This paper also highlights the need for greater integration of research, for example through increased review and collation of evidence from different disaster settings to identify common problems and possible solutions, which was identified in this panel session as a precursor to fulfilling the goals of the Sendai Framework.Leppold C, Ochi S, Nomura S, Murray V. The Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunamis, and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster: lessons for evidence integration from a WADEM 2017 presentation and panel discussion. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):424–427
Smokers’ knowledge and perception of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes): a qualitative study of non-quitting smokers in a North London general practice
Authors: Vasconcelos Vanessa , Gilbert Hazel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has provided smokers with an alternative source of nicotine. Interest and use of the device has increased exponentially in the last decade with an estimated 2.9 m adult users in Great Britain. Research so far on the attitudes and perceptions of smokers to this new product has largely focussed on the views of current e-cigarette users, smokers attempting to quit and former cigarette smokers.AimThis study aimed to explore the views of current tobacco smokers who were not using e-cigarettes and not looking for a cessation method, their understanding and knowledge of e-cigarettes, and their views of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid provided by the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 patients from a general practice in North London, who smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes on a daily or weekly basis, over 18 years old. An iterative approach allowed for constant data analysis using a thematic approach throughout the data collection stage, and generated four recurring themes.FindingsE-cigarettes were primarily seen as a smoking cessation device, with the supply of nicotine viewed as a benefit helping to reduce withdrawal symptoms, although for some participants this supply could also be a hindrance to dealing with their addiction. Despite uncertainty about the components, e-cigarettes were mostly viewed as healthier due to their lack of carcinogens, tar and smoke inhalation. The lack of reliable information and strong evidence for both the effectiveness and the safety of e-cigarettes led participants to be apprehensive about their provision by the NHS, and acted as a barrier to their use as an aid to quitting. The recurring appeal for more information regarding e-cigarettes make it clear that further high-quality research is urgently needed in this field to provide reliable and accurate information to smokers.
Innovation and institutions from the bottom up: an introduction
Authors: HARPER DAVID A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis introduction canvasses broad themes relating to the nexus of innovation and institutions. It first examines the notion of a “new combination” – a core analytical concept in economic theories of innovation and explanations of emergent novelty through bottom-up processes. Following Schumpeter, different theorists have made different claims about the composition and structure of new combinations. Possible constituent elements include factors of production, capital goods, routines, information, ideas, technologies, and property rights. The article then looks synoptically at the institutional dimensions of innovation from alternative perspectives that focus upon different kinds of institutional rules and policy solutions to innovation problems. Neoclassical and evolutionary approaches tend to emphasize specific policy interventions in markets to channel behavior toward particular desired outcomes, whereas institutional and Austrian approaches tend to focus upon general institutional rules (e.g. property and contract) that frame markets and innovation processes. Finally, this article summarizes the papers in the special issue.
Distribution of Plasma in the Io Plasma Torus as Seen by Radio Occultation During Juno Perijove 1
Authors: Phipps Phillip H. , Withers Paul , Buccino Dustin R. , Yang Yu‐Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe moon Io is the dominant plasma source for the Jupiter magnetosphere. The plasma is distributed into a torus of material around Jupiter, called the Io plasma torus. The Juno spacecraft performed its first perijove on 27 August 2016. During this time the spacecraft's X and Ka‐band radio signals passed through the Io plasma torus. From the differential Doppler shift of the X and Ka‐band frequencies we are able to determine the Io plasma torus total electron content. From the total electron content, we determine that the electron densities are larger than predicted from Voyager‐based models by around 35 ± 14% in the cold torus and 38 ± 14% in the torus beyond 5.5 RJ. The ion temperatures were greater than predicted from the models by 44 ± 15% in the cold torus but consistent with models in the torus beyond 5.5 RJ. From the time of maximum total electron content, which is sensitive to the torus location, we also find the Io plasma torus equatorial plane appears to be tilted by about 1.5° more than the nominal centrifugal equator tilt based on the tilt of a dipole magnetic field approximation. Different tilts were found for the cold torus and torus beyond 5.5 RJ.
Convective Influence on the Humidity and Clouds in the Tropical Tropopause Layer During Boreal Summer
Authors: Ueyama Rei , Jensen Eric J. , Pfister Leonhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe impact of convection on the humidity and clouds in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during boreal summer 2007 is investigated in simulations of detailed cloud microphysical processes and their effects on the water vapor (H2O) profile along backward trajectories from the 379 K potential temperature (100‐hPa pressure) surface. Convective influence is determined by tracing the trajectories through time‐dependent fields of satellite‐based convective cloud top height. The simulated H2O mixing ratios at the 100‐hPa level and cloud occurrence fractions in the middle to upper (16–18 km) TTL exhibit a pronounced maximum over the Asian monsoon region as in observations; these local enhancements are virtually absent in the simulation without convection, indicating that convection is the dominant driver of the localized H2O and cloud maxima in the Asian summer monsoon region. Convection moistens the 100‐hPa level by 0.6 ppmv (~15%) averaged over the 10°S–50°N domain and increases tropical (10°S–30°N) mean cloud occurrence in the middle to upper TTL by ~170%. Nearly all of the convective enhancements in H2O and clouds are due to the effect of convective saturation; convectively detrained ice crystals have negligible impact. Parcels are most frequently hydrated by deep convection in the southern sector of the Asian monsoon anticyclone and subsequently dehydrated downstream of convection to the west, shifting the locations of final dehydration northwest of the cold temperature region in the northern Tropics. Infrequent, extreme deep convective systems (cloud tops exceeding 380 K) have a disproportionately large effect on TTL humidity and clouds.
Evaluation of Radiation and Clouds From Five Reanalysis Products in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Schmeisser Lauren , Hinkelman Laura M. , Ackerman Thomas P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAtmospheric reanalyses are valuable tools for studying the atmosphere, as they provide temporally and spatially complete coverage of atmospheric variables. However, some regions are susceptible to large biases in reanalysis products due to the scarce data available to assimilate into the reanalyses. Consequently, evaluation of reanalyses using available measurements is essential for quantifying regional errors. Here we use NASA's CERES satellite estimates to evaluate surface radiative fluxes and total cloud fraction in the Northeast Pacific from five reanalysis products—ERA‐Interim, MERRA2, JRA‐55, NCEP2, and CFSR—from years 2001 to 2015. Results show that biases of surface incident shortwave radiative flux in reanalyses compared to satellite estimates range from 3.8 (CFSR) to 21.2 Wm‐2 (NCEP2), with significant biases in JRA‐55 and NCEP2. Mean surface downward longwave radiative flux in the reanalysis products is biased by −8.9 (MERRA2) to 3.9 Wm−2 (JRA‐55), with significant biases in MERRA2 and NCEP2. Errors in the surface radiative fluxes are partially linked to differences in total cloud fraction in the satellite estimates and reanalyses, which show significant negative biases ranging from −8% (CFSR) to −21.7% (NCEP2). There is not one reanalysis that outperforms the rest in the NE Pacific. The most appropriate data set depends on the variables of interest, subregion of the NE Pacific being studied, time period of interest, and whether the reanalysis data will be used to study long‐term or short‐term climate processes. Using the errors presented for each reanalysis data set can help guide appropriate use and bound uncertainty for the five reanalysis products analyzed.
Modeling High‐Resolution Pressure‐Temperature Paths Across the Himalayan Main Central Thrust (Central Nepal): Implications for the Dynamics of Collision
Authors: Catlos E. J. , Lovera O. M. , Kelly E. D. , Ashley K. T. , Harrison T. M. , Etzel T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution, garnet‐based pressure‐temperature (P‐T) paths were obtained for nine rocks across the Himalayan Main Central Thrust (MCT) (Marsyangdi River transect, central Nepal). Paths were created using garnet and whole rock compositions as input parameters into a semiautomated Gibbs free‐energy‐minimization technique. The conditions recorded by the paths, in general, yield similar T but lower P compared to estimates from mineral equilibria and quartz‐in‐garnet Raman barometry. The paths are used to modify a model based on a two‐dimensional finite difference solution to the diffusion‐advection equation. In this model, P‐T paths recorded by the footwall garnets result from fault motion at specified times, thermal advection, and alteration of topography. The best fit between the high‐resolution P‐T paths and model predictions is that from 25 to 18 Ma, samples within the MCT footwall moved at 5 km/Ma, while those in the hanging wall moved at 10 km/Ma. Under these conditions, topography grew to 3.5 km. A pause in activity along the MCT between 18 and 15 Ma allows heat to advect and may be due to a transfer of tectonic activity to the structures closer to the Indian subcontinent. During this time, the topography erodes at a rate of 1.5 km/Ma. Thrusting within the MCT footwall reactivates between 8 and 2 Ma with exhumation rates up to 12 mm/yr since the Pliocene. The results suggest the potential for the highest‐resolution garnet‐based P‐T paths to record both the thermobarometric consequences of fault motion and large‐scale erosion.
Prenatal immune activation alters the adult neural epigenome but can be partly stabilised by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet
Authors: Basil Paul , Li Qi , Gui Hongsheng , Hui Tomy C. K. , Ling Vicki H. M. , Wong Chloe C. Y. , Mill Jonathan , McAlonan Grainne M. , Sham Pak-Chung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn unstable epigenome is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. This is important because the epigenome is potentially modifiable. We have previously reported that adult offspring exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) prenatally have significant global DNA hypomethylation in the hypothalamus. However, what genes had altered methylation state, their functional effects on gene expression and whether these changes can be moderated, have not been addressed. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) for methylome profiling in a MIA rodent model of neurodevelopmental disorders. We assessed whether differentially methylated regions (DMRs) affected the chromatin state by mapping known DNase I hypersensitivity sites (DHSs), and selected overlapping genes to confirm a functional effect of MIA on gene expression using qPCR. Finally, we tested whether methylation differences elicited by MIA could be limited by post-natal dietary (omega) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. These experiments were conducted using hypothalamic brain tissue from 12-week-old offspring of mice injected with viral analogue PolyI:C on gestation day 9 of pregnancy or saline on gestation day 9. Half of the animals from each group were fed a diet enriched with n-3 PUFA from weaning (MIA group, n = 12 units, n = 39 mice; Control group, n = 12 units, n = 38 mice). The results confirmed our previous finding that adult offspring exposed to MIA prenatally had significant global DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, genes linked to synaptic plasticity were over-represented among differentially methylated genes following MIA. More than 80% of MIA-induced hypomethylated sites, including those affecting chromatin state and MECP2 binding, were stabilised by the n-3 PUFA intervention. MIA resulted in increased expression of two of the ‘top five’ genes identified from an integrated analysis of DMRs, DHSs and MECP2 binding sites, namely Abat (t = 2.46, p < 0.02) and Gnas9 (t = 2.96, p < 0.01), although these changes were not stabilised by dietary intervention. Thus, prenatal MIA exposure impacts upon the epigenomic regulation of gene pathways linked to neurodevelopmental conditions; and many of the changes can be attenuated by a low-cost dietary intervention.
Evolutionary trade-offs associated with loss of PmrB function in host-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bricio-Moreno Laura , Sheridan Victoria H. , Goodhead Ian , Armstrong Stuart , Wong Janet K.L. , Waters Elaine M. , Sarsby Joscelyn , Panagiotou Stavros , Dunn James , Chakraborty Adrita , Fang Yongliang , Griswold Karl E. , Winstanley Craig , Fothergill Joanne L. , Kadioglu Aras , Neill Daniel R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa colonises the upper airway of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, providing a reservoir of host-adapted genotypes that subsequently establish chronic lung infection. We previously experimentally-evolved P. aeruginosa in a murine model of respiratory tract infection and observed early-acquired mutations in pmrB, encoding the sensor kinase of a two-component system that promoted establishment and persistence of infection. Here, using proteomics, we show downregulation of proteins involved in LPS biosynthesis, antimicrobial resistance and phenazine production in pmrB mutants, and upregulation of proteins involved in adherence, lysozyme resistance and inhibition of the chloride ion channel CFTR, relative to wild-type strain LESB65. Accordingly, pmrB mutants are susceptible to antibiotic treatment but show enhanced adherence to airway epithelial cells, resistance to lysozyme treatment, and downregulate host CFTR expression. We propose that P. aeruginosa pmrB mutations in CF patients are subject to an evolutionary trade-off, leading to enhanced colonisation potential, CFTR inhibition, and resistance to host defences, but also to increased susceptibility to antibiotics.
Self-assembly of multi-stranded perylene dye J-aggregates in columnar liquid-crystalline phases
Authors: Herbst Stefanie , Soberats Bartolome , Leowanawat Pawaret , Stolte Matthias , Lehmann Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany discoid dyes self-assemble into columnar liquid-crystalline (LC) phases with packing arrangements that are undesired for photonic applications due to H-type exciton coupling. Here, we report a series of crystalline and LC perylene bisimides (PBIs) self-assembling into single or multi-stranded (two, three, and four strands) aggregates with predominant J-type exciton coupling. These differences in the supramolecular packing and optical properties are achieved by molecular design variations of tetra-bay phenoxy-dendronized PBIs with two N–H groups at the imide positions. The self-assembly is driven by hydrogen bonding, slipped π–π stacking, nanosegregation, and steric requirements of the peripheral building blocks. We could determine the impact of the packing motifs on the spectroscopic properties and demonstrate different J- and H-type coupling contributions between the chromophores. Our findings on structure–property relationships and strong J-couplings in bulk LC materials open a new avenue in the molecular engineering of PBI J-aggregates with prospective applications in photonics.
Structures of DNA-bound human ligase IV catalytic core reveal insights into substrate binding and catalysis
Authors: Kaminski Andrea M. , Tumbale Percy P. , Schellenberg Matthew J. , Williams R. Scott , Williams Jason G. , Kunkel Thomas A. , Pedersen Lars C. , Bebenek Katarzyna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA ligase IV (LigIV) performs the final DNA nick-sealing step of classical nonhomologous end-joining, which is critical for immunoglobulin gene maturation and efficient repair of genotoxic DNA double-strand breaks. Hypomorphic LigIV mutations cause extreme radiation sensitivity and immunodeficiency in humans. To better understand the unique features of LigIV function, here we report the crystal structure of the catalytic core of human LigIV in complex with a nicked nucleic acid substrate in two distinct states—an open lysyl-AMP intermediate, and a closed DNA–adenylate form. Results from structural and mutagenesis experiments unveil a dynamic LigIV DNA encirclement mechanism characterized by extensive interdomain interactions and active site phosphoanhydride coordination, all of which are required for efficient DNA nick sealing. These studies provide a scaffold for defining impacts of LigIV catalytic core mutations and deficiencies in human LIG4 syndrome.