bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly supervised classification of aortic valve malformations using unlabeled cardiac MRI sequences
Authors: Fries Jason A. , Varma Paroma , Chen Vincent S. , Xiao Ke , Tejeda Heliodoro , Saha Priyanka , Dunnmon Jared , Chubb Henry , Maskatia Shiraz , Fiterau Madalina , Delp Scott , Ashley Euan , Ré Christopher , Priest James R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiomedical repositories such as the UK Biobank provide increasing access to prospectively collected cardiac imaging, however these data are unlabeled which creates barriers to their use in supervised machine learning. We develop a weakly supervised deep learning model for classification of aortic valve malformations using up to 4,000 unlabeled cardiac MRI sequences. Instead of requiring highly curated training data, weak supervision relies on noisy heuristics defined by domain experts to programmatically generate large-scale, imperfect training labels. For aortic valve classification, models trained with imperfect labels substantially outperform a supervised model trained on hand-labeled MRIs. In an orthogonal validation experiment using health outcomes data, our model identifies individuals with a 1.8-fold increase in risk of a major adverse cardiac event. This work formalizes a learning baseline for aortic valve classification and outlines a general strategy for using weak supervision to train machine learning models using unlabeled medical images at scale.
Detection of task-relevant and task-irrelevant motion sequences: application to motor adaptation in goal-directed and whole-body movements
Authors: Furuki Daisuke , Takiyama Ken 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotor variability is inevitable in our body movements and is discussed from several various perspectives in motor neuroscience and biomechanics; it can originate from the variability of neural activities, it can reflect a large degree of freedom inherent in our body movements, it can decrease muscle fatigue, or it can facilitate motor learning. How to evaluate motor variability is thus a fundamental question in motor neuroscience and biomechanics. Previous methods have quantified (at least) two striking features of motor variability; the smaller variability in the task-relevant dimension than in the task-irrelevant dimension and the low-dimensional structure that is often referred to as synergy or principal component. However, those previous methods were not only unsuitable for quantifying those features simultaneously but also applicable in some limited conditions (e.g., a method cannot consider motion sequence, and another method cannot consider how each motion is relevant to performance). Here, we propose a flexible and straightforward machine learning technique that can quantify task-relevant variability, task-irrelevant variability, and the relevance of each principal component to task performance while considering the motion sequence and the relevance of each motion sequence to task performance in a data-driven manner. We validate our method by constructing a novel experimental setting to investigate goal-directed and whole-body movements. Furthermore, our setting enables the induction of motor adaptation by using perturbation and evaluating the modulation of task-relevant and task-irrelevant variabilities through motor adaptation. Our method enables the identification of a novel property of motor variability; the modulation of those variabilities differs depending on the perturbation schedule. Although a gradually imposed perturbation does not increase both task-relevant and task-irrelevant variabilities, a constant perturbation increases task-relevant variability.
Proteomic Analysis of Rat Serum Revealed the Effects of Chronic Sleep Deprivation on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Nervous System
Authors: Ma Bo , Chen Jincheng , Mu Yongying , Xue Bingjie , Zhao Aimei , Wang Daoping , Chang Dennis , Pan Yinghong , Liu Jianxun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSleep is an essential and fundamental physiological process that plays crucial roles in the balance of psychological and physical health. Sleep disorder may lead to adverse health outcomes. The effects of sleep deprivation were extensively studied, but its mechanism is still not fully understood. The present study aimed to identify the alterations of serum proteins associated with chronic sleep deprivation, and to seek for potential biomarkers of sleep disorder mediated diseases. A label-free quantitative proteomics technology was used to survey the global changes of serum proteins between normal rats and chronic sleep deprivation rats. A total of 309 proteins were detected in the serum samples and among them, 117 proteins showed more than 1.8-folds abundance alterations between the two groups. Functional enrichment and network analyses of the differential proteins revealed a close relationship between chronic sleep deprivation and several biological processes including energy metabolism, cardiovascular function and nervous function. And four proteins including pyruvate kinase M1, clusterin, kininogen1 and profilin-1were identified as potential biomarkers for chronic sleep deprivation. The four candidates were validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) based targeted proteomics. In addition, protein expression alteration of the four proteins was confirmed in myocardium and brain of rat model. In summary, the comprehensive proteomic study revealed the biological impacts of chronic sleep deprivation and discovered several potential biomarkers. This study provides further insight into the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying sleep disorders at protein level.
Impact of enterprise mobile system implementation on organizational ambidexterity mediated through BPM customizability
Authors: Choudhary Praveen , Mital Monika , Pani Ashis Kumar , Papa Armando , Vicentini Francesca 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how organizational workers improve their perceived mobile user experience (UX) locus of control affected through organizational ambidexterity when using enterprise mobile systems (EMS). This study investigates the mediation role of business process customizability in the relationship between habitual use of EMS by individuals and organizational ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachOver 150 possible respondent mobile phone users across 40 organizations in metropolitan National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi with approximately were given the questionnaire. The data of a total of 121 NCR valid respondents aged between 22 and 49, after scrutinizing all collected questionnaires and removing those that had too many missing values or had the same answer to all questions, were used for analysis. The respondents were sampled from a research panel directory of a set of firms of the research firm hired for this survey.FindingsThe study finds complete mediation between the habitual use of EMS and organizational ambidexterity. Importantly, the empirical findings provide the research community with a deeper understanding of how EMS usage impacts organizational ambidexterity and individual’s UX locus of control.Originality/valueIt draws some newer areas of research with respect to interactions between enterprise mobile systems, business process customization due to enterprise mobile systems and organizational ambidexterity, which were hitherto unexplored.
Labor congestion in the automotive cluster: the role of wages
Authors: Mendoza-Velazquez Alfonso , Santillana José Antonio , Zárate-Mirón Viviana Elizabeth , Cabanas Martha 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate labor congestion in the automotive industry in Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach
By using the cluster and subcluster definitions by Delgado et al. (2016) and relying on an efficiency and production function perspective, this study estimates a standard production function and measures marginal returns of labor at the regional cluster and subclusters levels. To assess whether wages affect the finding of congestion and productivity, the model also measures the individual impact of wages on both total productivity and marginal returns of labor.

Findings
Among other results, this paper finds evidence of labor congestion in the automotive cluster in Mexico. This congestion deepens with wages and it is specific to some regions and some subclusters.

Research limitations/implications
The methods used are based on panel data techniques but are fundamentally cross-section in nature. The time period available may condition these findings.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study reporting congestion in the automotive cluster in Mexico.
Forecasting the next likely purchase events of insurance customers
Authors: Mau Stefan , Pletikosa Irena , Wagner Joël 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of enriched customer data for analytical customer relationship management (CRM) in the insurance sector. In this study, online quotes from an insurer’s website are evaluated in terms of serving as a trigger event to predict churn, retention, and cross-selling.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the records of online quotes from a Swiss insurer are linked to records of existing customers from 2012 to 2015. Based on the data from automobile and home insurance policyholders, random forest prediction models for classification are fitted.

Findings
Enhancing traditional customer data with such additional information substantially boosts the accuracy for predicting future purchases. The models identify customers who have a high probability of adjusting their insurance coverage.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the study imply that enriching traditional customer data with online quotes yields a valuable approach to predicting purchase behavior. Moreover, the quote data provide supplementary features that contribute to improving prediction performance.

Practical implications
This study highlights the importance of selecting the relevant data sources to target the right customers at the right time and to thus benefit from analytical CRM practices.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the first to investigate the potential value of data-rich environments for insurers and their customers. It provides insights on how to identify relevant customers for ensuing marketing activities efficiently and thus avoiding irrelevant offers. Hence, the study creates value for insurers as well as customers.
Farmer knowledge and willingness to pay for soil testing in Haiti
Authors: Kokoye Senakpon , Molnar Joseph , Jolly Curtis , Shannon Dennis , Huluka Gobena 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting farmers’ perceptions and knowledge of soil testing benefits and fertilizers use in Northern Haiti.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 452 farmers within 17 localities in Northern Haiti. The findings reveal that farmers currently have little or no knowledge of soil testing benefits and but know better about fertilizer use. The soil testing benefits and knowledge on fertilizers use were collected using Likert scale. Analyses were done using structural equations model and choice model.

Findings
Factors such as farm size, participation in project, rice, banana and cocoa growers, affect farmers’ perceptions and knowledge of soil testing benefits. Factors affecting willingness to pay include group membership, type of crops grown, whether farmer’ land is on the slope, his farm size and whether he participates in the US Agency for International Development (USAID) project. Knowledge on fertilizer use is influenced by rice and banana growers, fertilizer use, participation in soil testing program and AVANSE/USAID. The effects of both latent variables are found to be positive but non-significant.

Practical implications
As policy implication; farmers need training module to be better informed on soil testing benefits.

Originality/value
Soil testing is a novel agricultural input that is being popularized in developing countries. For sustainability of the laboratory to be installed, this study is needed to fill the gap in research on farmers’ behaviors toward and demand of soil testing in Northern Haiti.
Complex properties management
Authors: Moioli Rossella , Boniotti Cristina , Konsta Anthoula , Pili Alessandra 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The paper will present the case study of preventive and planned conservation applied to the Royal Villa and Park of Monza, which is one of the pilot projects within the general framework of Monza and Brianza Cultural District. Starting from an in-depth analysis of the Royal Villa, which represents a recent conservation and valorisation intervention developed by both public and private subjects, the purpose of this paper is to define an operative model for the management of complex properties, at communicating good practices for the maintenance of the built heritage and at identifying the priorities for the interventions.

Design/methodology/approach
The research project foresaw a first collection of data and information related to the previous conservation activities executed upon the case study, the design of a conservation plan in all its parts (technical handbook, conservation programme, economic budget, user handbook) through an information system dedicated to the conservation of built cultural heritage, and its fulfilment. In the meantime, a context analysis of the Royal Villa and Park of Monza was developed, with a specific attention to the diversified historical buildings located in the park.

Findings
The action research carried out has been evaluated in the framework of upstream perspective theories. This enabled to highlight the importance of an integrated approach; of the need of sharing the collection of data in order to set up evidence-based policies; and of the need to enhance the skills of involved professionals and decision makers.

Originality/value
A progress in protection measures, the understanding of conservation and valorisation as preventive activities, effectiveness of private business models for maintenance, dissemination of good practices, and creation of a network of local stakeholders.
Help Me Grow Utah and the impact on family protective factors development
Authors: Hill Karen D. , Hill Brian J. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of family protective factors in participants of Help Me Grow Utah (HMGU), a community-based system that promotes child development, seeks early detection of developmental delays, and links families to services.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, standard quasi-experimental survey design was utilized. HMGU and control group participants completed the FRIENDS Protective Factors Survey, which was slightly modified into a retrospective pre-test and post-test format to address previous survey concerns of response-shift bias, self-serving assessments, and family maturation. Participants were asked to respond to ten questions at present and then again from the perspective of two years previous.

Findings
Participants in HMGU had statistically significant increases in protective factor scores in all but one subscale, with dramatic increases in two subscale questions on knowledge of parenting and child development. Control group scores statistically increased in four subscales, albeit at lower rates than HMGU participants. Interestingly, control group scores on two subscale questions relating to child maltreatment risk were significantly lower on post-tests as compared to their retrospective pre-test scores.

Research limitations/implications
Participants in HMGU clearly increased in the development of protective factors. Replication of this study is recommended and the need for a control group in protective factor studies is imperative.

Practical implications
Findings from this study suggest that child services focused on enhancing knowledge of parenting and child development might also expect to improve protective factors. One-on-one care coordination with families seems particularly effective. The findings might also benefit other social programs as they utilize retrospective pre-test, post-test, and control groups in their evaluations.

Originality/value
HMGU is the first affiliate to utilize retrospective pre-test/post-test methodology, which can overcome confounding results attributable to response-shift bias. Also, the use of a control group affords inclusion of natural maturation in considering findings.
Improving urban water supply in Mexico: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro , Trujillo Flores Mara Maricela , Lambarry-Vilchis Fernando 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the measures taken by both the federal government of Mexico and its municipalities in relation to the country’s urban water supply and its management to improve it.

Design/methodology/approach
The PRISMA guidelines were chosen as the framework for this systematic review of the available literature on urban water supply in Mexico, considering the most important and relevant legal and institutional considerations. They were paired with critical qualitative review. Overall, 21 main documents, between 2000 and 2016, were acceptable for inclusion.

Findings
The review closes by proposing that the approach, at present, is excessively rigid, and that greater flexibility would permit municipalities to identify more suitable means of managing their own water supplies with minimal support from the federal government.

Originality/value
Several research articles have been written about the general nature of Mexico’s urban water supply and management at present. However, no attempt has been made to synthesise the evidence and arguments made in this significant body of research. Thus, the key purpose of this review is to do that with the intention of proposing a shift in the country’s approach to urban water management.
Towards a Step Change for Enhanced Delivery of Environmental and Social Benefits from EU Farming and Forestry
Authors: Maréchal Anne , Baldock David , Erjavec Emil , Juvancˇicˇ Luka , Rac Ilona , Dwyer Janet , Hart Kaley 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMore environmentally sensitive management of farmland and forestry is needed in Europe in response to increasing public demand and to meet the requirements of EU legislation for example on biodiversity. However, the provision of environmental and social public goods from farmland and forestry is not increasing at the required pace. A step change in approach is required: the opportunity could be provided by the current debate on adopting a more performance focussed model of the Common Agricultural Policy. Current policy mechanisms, including regulation and a range of incentives to individual farmers, meet part of the need but are not sufficient. Detailed analysis of 34 cases across the EU has convinced us that a new approach based on greater engagement with a wider range of key actors through collective actions could have greater ambition. It could aim for greater scale, longevity and coherence of action across a territory or along a supply chain. Building trust and establishing the right form of governance for highly diverse networks and types of cooperation is vital. Commercial actors in the supply chain could play a larger role. Links between flexible and extended forms of policy support, including for new initiatives, multi‐stakeholder partnerships and projects and for facilitators, will be needed.
Agri‐Environment Scheme Design: Past Lessons and Future Suggestions
Authors: Cullen Paula , Dupraz Pierre , Moran James , Murphy Pat , O'Flaherty Ronan , O'Donoghue Cathal , O'Shea Robert , Ryan Mary 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis article summarises the views of a panel of experts from the areas of agricultural economics, ecology, agri‐environmental policy and agricultural extension who were bought together for a novel workshop on agri‐environment schemes conducted at the Agricultural Economics Society's 91st Annual Conference. The panel discussed the past, present and future of European Union agri‐environment schemes with emphasis on the movement from top‐down action‐based schemes to participatory‐partnership results‐based schemes. Pierre Dupraz, an expert in economic evaluations of agri‐environment schemes, pointed out past issues of agri‐environment schemes including the conflicting objectives and the growing complexity. James Moran, an ecologist who has been involved in the design of results‐based schemes, identified the importance of designing schemes that are adaptable and incentivise farmers to improve. Ronan O'Flaherty, a senior policymaker involved in new scheme design in Ireland, shone a light on the policy behind agri‐environment schemes and the importance of stakeholder buy‐in. Pat Murphy, a knowledge transfer specialist involved in the implementation of agri‐environment schemes, discussed the importance that knowledge transfer must play in the future of agri‐environment schemes. Together the speakers identified the challenges faced in designing and implementing agri‐environment schemes that improve environmental outcomes whether they be action or results‐based.
Use of a National Database to Assess Pediatric Emergency Care Across United States Emergency Departments
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A. , Lyons Todd W. , Hudgins Joel D. , Levy Jason A. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesDifferences in emergency care for children exist between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Some pediatric quality measures are available but are not routinely employed nationwide. We sought to create a short list of applied measures that would provide a starting point for EDs to measure pediatric emergency care quality and to compare care between general and pediatric EDs for these measures.MethodsPreviously reported lists comprising 465 pediatric emergency care quality measures were reconciled. Preset criteria were used to create a diverse list of quality measures measurable using a national database. We used the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2010 to 2015 to measure performance. Measures were excluded for total observation counts under a prespecified power threshold, being unmeasurable in the data set, or for missing clear definitions. Using survey‐weighted statistics, we reported summary performance (mean, proportion, or count) with 95% confidence intervals for each analyzed quality measure and compared general and pediatric ED performance.ResultsAmong 465 quality measures, 28 (6%) were included in the analysis, including seven condition‐specific measures and 21 general measures. We analyzed a sample of 36,430 visits corresponding to 179.0 million survey‐weighted ED visits, of which 150.8 million (84.3%) were in general EDs. Performance was better in pediatric EDs for three of seven condition‐specific measures, including antibiotics for viral infections (–6.2%), chest X‐rays for asthma (–18.7%), and topical anesthesia for wound closures (+25.7%). Performance was similar for four of seven condition‐specific measures: computed tomography for head trauma, steroids for asthma, steroids for croup, and oral rehydration for dehydration. Compared with pediatric EDs, general EDs discharged and transferred higher proportions of children, had shorter lengths of stay, and sent patients home with fewer prescriptions. General EDs obtained fewer pain scores for injured children. Pediatric EDs had a lower proportion of pediatric visits in which patients left against medical advice. General and pediatric EDs had similar rates of mortality, left without being seen, incomplete vital signs, labs in nonacute patients, and similar numbers of medications given per patient.ConclusionsUsing a national sample of ED visits, we demonstrated the feasibility of using nationally representative data to assess quality measures for children cared for in the ED. Differences between pediatric and general ED care identify targets for quality improvement.