bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental noise induces the release of stress hormones and inflammatory signaling molecules leading to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction—Signatures of the internal exposome
Authors: Daiber Andreas , Kröller‐Schön Swenja , Frenis Katie , Oelze Matthias , Kalinovic Sanela , Vujacic‐Mirski Ksenija , Kuntic Marin , Bayo Jimenez Maria Teresa , Helmstädter Johanna , Steven Sebastian , Korac Bato , Münzel Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnvironmental noise is a well‐recognized health risk and part of the external exposome—the World Health Organization estimates that 1 million healthy life years are lost annually in Western Europe alone due to noise‐related complications, including increased incidence of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Previous data suggest that noise works through two paired pathways in a proposed reaction model for noise exposure. As a nonspecific stressor, chronic low‐level noise exposure can cause a disruption of sleep and communication leading to annoyance and subsequent sympathetic and endocrine stress responses leading to increased blood pressure, heart rate, stress hormone levels, and in particular more oxidative stress, being responsible for vascular dysfunction and representing changes of the internal exposome. Chronic stress generates cardiovascular risk factors on its own such as increased blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood glucose, and activation of blood coagulation. To this end, persistent chronic noise exposure increases cardiometabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, and stroke. The present review discusses the mechanisms of the nonauditory noise‐induced cardiovascular and metabolic consequences, focusing on mental stress signaling pathways, activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system, the association of these activations with inflammation, and the subsequent onset of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):495–506, 2019
Toward a clinical antifungal peptoid: Investigations into the therapeutic potential of AEC5
Authors: Spicer Sabrina K. , Subramani Aarthi , Aguila Angelica L. , Green R. Madison , McClelland Erin E. , Bicker Kevin L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Existing antifungal treatment plans have high mammalian toxicity and increasing drug resistance, demonstrating the dire need for new, nontoxic therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptoids are one alternative to combat this issue. Our lab has recently identified a tripeptoid, AEC5, with promising efficacy and selectivity against C. neoformans. Here, we report studies into the broad‐spectrum efficacy, killing kinetics, mechanism of action, in vivo half‐life, and subchronic toxicity of this compound. Most notably, these studies have demonstrated that AEC5 rapidly reduces fungal burden, killing all viable fungi within 3 hours. Additionally, AEC5 has an in vivo half‐life of 20+ hours and no observable in vivo toxicity following 28 days of daily injections. This research represents an important step in the characterization of AEC5 as a practical treatment option against C. neoformans infections.
Long non‐coding RNA PCAT6 targets miR‐204 to modulate the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells to 5‐fluorouracil‐based treatment through HMGA2 signaling
Authors: Wu Haijun , Zou Qiongyan , He Hong , Liang Yu , Lei Mingjun , Zhou Qin , Fan Dan , Shen Liangfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third most common cancer in the world with a limited prognosis due to the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy. In our previous study, we revealed that miR‐204 overexpression could sensitize CRC cell to 5‐FU treatment through targeting HMGA2/PI3K signaling pathway; however, miR‐204 expression in CRC tissues is abnormally downregulated. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation has been reported in human diseases, including cancer. Also, lncRNA can regulate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, as well as chemoresistance. LncRNA prostate cancer‐associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) acts as an oncogene in many cancers; herein, PCAT6 expression was abnormally upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, suggesting its potential role in CRC. Further, we assessed the specific function and mechanism of PCAT6 in CRC. Furthermore, we revealed that PCAT6 knockdown attenuated CRC chemoresistance to 5‐FU through miR‐204/HMGA2/PI3K; miR‐204 inhibition could partially reverse the effect of PCAT6 knockdown. Taken together, we demonstrate that the abnormal PCAT6 overexpression inhibits miR‐204 expression in CRC, thereby promoting HMGA2/PI3K signaling activity, ultimately enhancing the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5‐FU; PCAT6 represents a promising target for dealing with CRC chemoresistance.
Novel Surgical Approach for Root Coverage of Single Deep Recessions on Mandibular Incisors: Gingival Pedicle With Split‐Thickness Tunnel Technique
Authors: Agusto Michele , Simpson Kerri Thomas , Salman Arif , Schincaglia Gian Pietro 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionGingival recession is a very common mucogingival defect in the adult population, with mandibular central and lateral incisors being the most frequently affected teeth. Limited information is available about the management of isolated deep recession lesions in the mandibular anterior area, where the predictability of the root coverage is reduced by unfavorable anatomical conditions. The purpose of this case report is to present a novel surgical technique for deep labial recessions on mandibular incisors, based on a gingival pedicle with split‐thickness tunneling (GPST), in combination with connective tissue graft (CTG).Case PresentationA 25‐year‐old female patient presented with a Class II Miller isolated buccal recession on #24, 5 × 3 mm. The recipient site design consisted of a laterally positioned flap with a width of 4 mm, in combination with a split‐thickness tunnel preparation that reached the mesial line angle of #25 and extended beyond the mucogingival junction. A CTG (13 × 7 mm) was harvested from the palate and properly adapted over the root surface. Graft and flap were secured with internal mattress and single‐interrupted sutures. Complete root coverage was obtained and maintained at 6 months with excellent esthetic outcomes.ConclusionThis novel surgical approach, based on the combination of laterally displaced pedicle flap and tunneling in addition to CTG, seems to lead to promising results for the treatment of single deep mandibular anterior recessions.
Heteroatom‐Enhanced Metal‐Free Catalytic Performance of Carbocatalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Shang Sen S. , Gao Shuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe exploitation and design of metal‐free catalysts for chemical transformation is always a fascinating theme from the prospective of fundamental and applied research. In addition to their distinct advantages such as lower cost, higher biocompatibility and reliability and thus higher sustainability, metal‐free materials often unexpectedly render different reaction pathway or mechanism from conventional metal catalysts. As a consequence, metal‐free catalysts have revolutionized and expanded the platform of catalysis. Among them, carbons are a typical class of nonmetallic materials. To date, a series of elements (e. g., B, N, P or S) as heteroatom dopants have equipped pristine carbons with enhanced performance and even new chemical functionality. It was proposed to attribute to modulated electrical properties and surface physicochemical features originated from structural distortions and changes of charge densities. In this minireview, we overviewed the catalytic application of heteroatom‐doped carbocatalysts in oxidation, oxidative coupling, reduction and hydrogenation reactions with special emphasis on the role of heteroatoms and consequently enhanced performance. This minireview highlights the structure‐activity correlations, thereby directing the rational design of advanced metal‐free catalysts for organic synthesis. Some controversies about active sites and challenges in catalyst design are also discussed here.
Biocatalytic Promiscuity of Lipases in Carbon‐Phosphorus Bond Formation
Authors: Koszelewski Dominik , Ostaszewski Ryszard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA promiscuous lipase‐catalyzed carbon‐phosphorus bond formation is presented. The developed enzymatic Pudovik‐Abramov reaction of various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with dialkyl phosphonates provides biologically and pharmacologically relevant α‐hydroxy phosphonates with the yields from 11 % to 85 %. The developed protocol proceeds in the presence of porcine pancreas lipase under environmentally sustainable conditions. The influence of the reaction conditions including enzyme origin, organic solvent, and temperature on the reaction course was examined. The developed protocol is applicable to a range of aldehydes, including synthetically relevant heterocyclic furfural and 2‐thiophenecarbaldehyde.
Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Manufacturing of a Highly Porous 3D Carbon Foam
Authors: Marx Janik , Berns Jan-Christoph , Spille Claas , Mintken Mona , Adelung Rainer , Schlüter Michael , Fiedler Bodo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAerographite is a three‐dimensional carbon foam with a tetrapodal morphology. The manufacturing of aerographite is carried out in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) template, in which the morphology is replicated into a hollow carbon shell. During the replication process, the template is reduced by the simultaneous formation of the carbon structure. The CVD process is one of the most efficient methods for the manufacturing of various carbon nanostructures, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on the growth mechanism of aerographite, a computational fluid dynamics model is presented for the fundamental investigations of the temperature and flow/microflow behavior during the replication process. This allows a deeper process understanding and further optimizations.
An Intelligent Tray Efficiency Estimation Method for the Fractionation System of Industrial Hydrocracking Processes
Authors: Wang Yalin , Chen Guanyu , Sun Bei , Xue Yongfei , Sun Jiazhou 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn engineering‐oriented tray efficiency estimation method for the hydrocracking fractionation system is proposed. As key parameter of the fractionation system, estimation of the tray efficiency is important and challenging due to the large computational burden given by the complexity of the fractionation system. Here, the high‐dimensional tray efficiencies are screened first and divided into groups according to the spatial position. Then, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to estimate the tray efficiencies of each group, in which two taboo lists are introduced to avoid repetitive search. The proposed method is validated using real industry data. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient in terms of estimation accuracy.
Effect of Stearic Acid as a Co‐solvent on the Solubility Enhancement of Aspirin in Supercritical CO2
Authors: Behjati Rad Hadi , Karimi Sabet Javad , Varaminian Farshad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe solubility of aspirin in supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) with stearic acid as a co‐solvent was measured at various pressures and temperatures. The experimental data were obtained by a static method. Stearic acid had a significant effect on the enhancement of solubility, as the aspirin solubility increased by up to 16 times. Further, the effect of stearic acid on the solubility enhancement of aspirin was compared with that of other co‐solvents. Different semi‐empirical models from the literature were applied for correlating the experimental data, proving good agreement with the experimental data. The model of Sung and Shim exhibited the lowest deviation from the obtained data. The results of the solubility test can be employed to produce aspirin‐based pharmaceuticals using supercritical fluid technology (SFT).
Adsorption of the Inhalation Anesthetic Isoflurane from Dry and Humid Atmosphere
Authors: Bucher Dirk , Pasel Christoph , Luckas Michael , Bathen Dieter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor environmental and occupational safety reasons, the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane must be removed from indoor air in hospitals. The present work investigated experimentally the coadsorption of isoflurane and water on four different commercial adsorbents: two activated carbons and two zeolites. Adsorption isotherms from dry and humid atmosphere are shown and discussed, i.e., mixture data are compared with those of the pure substances. For all four adsorbents the dominant parameter regarding structural properties is the pore size distribution. In the case of the zeolites, the surface chemistry, especially the aluminum content, plays a role, too.
Full‐scale shear capacity testing of an existing prestressed concrete bridge
Authors: Gehrlein Sebastian Felix , Fischer Oliver 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDue to the relatively high average age of the existing bridges, a dramatic increase both in traffic volume and axle loads and because of modified design standards, a realistic prediction of the shear capacity of existing prestressed concrete bridges with little shear reinforcement has become an important topic in German research. In 2017, the Chair of Concrete and Masonry Structures of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), supported by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, was given the unique opportunity to conduct full‐scale field tests at the Hammelburg Bridge built in 1955. According to systematic strength evaluations, many concrete bridges in Germany, especially those which were built prior to 1966, show severe (theoretical) deficits regarding longitudinal shear capacity. The results of the strength evaluation can often not be verified in the real bridges though. The primary objective of the field test therefore was to determine the actual shear capacity of existing prestressed bridges aiming at closing the gap between structural analyses and experience in regard to older concrete bridges. The article at hand presents the conceptual approach, the test set‐up and the execution of the in‐situ testing, the used measuring equipment and essential findings gained from the conducted full‐scale experiments. Furthermore, the results are discussed and the measured maximum loads of all five tests are compared to the results of different theoretical approaches and engineering models, respectively.
A pH‐Sensitive Zwitterionic Iron Complex Probe with High Biocompatibility for Tumor‐Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Han Jiamei , Liang Guohai , Xing Da 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of tumor characteristics, including its location and boundary, is of immense value to subsequent therapy. Activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that respond to tumor‐specific microenvironments, such as the redox state, pH, and enzyme activity, enable better mapping of tumor tissue. However, the practical application of most reported activatable agents is hampered by problems including potential toxicity, inefficient elimination, and slow activation. In this study, we developed a zwitterionic iron complex (Fe‐ZDS) as a positive MRI contrast agent for tumor‐specific imaging. Fe‐ZDS could dissociate in weakly acidic solution rapidly, accompanied by clear longitudinal relaxivity (r1) enhancement, which enabled the complex to act as a pH‐sensitive contrast agent for tumor‐specific MR imaging. In vivo experiments showed that Fe‐ZDS rapidly enhanced the tumor‐to‐normal contrast ratio by >40 %, which assisted in distinguishing the tumor boundary. Furthermore, Fe‐ZDS circulated freely in the bloodstream and was excreted relatively safely via kidneys owing to its zwitterionic nature. Therefore, Fe‐ZDS is an ideal candidate for a tumor‐specific MRI contrast agent and holds considerable potential for clinical translation.
Tuning Interfacial Structures for Better Catalysis of Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xiang Rui , Peng Lishan , Wei Zidong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterface modulation, as an old concept of heterogeneous catalysis, represents an emerging, fast‐growing and exciting direction in the field of water electrolysis. Over the past five years, diverse hetero‐nanostructures have been synthesised as water electrolysis catalysts by taking advantage of interface modulation. However, it seems that the performance (i.e., efficiency and durability) of these materials needs to be further improved. Therefore, a comprehensive summary of recent achievements and the challenging issues concerning the regulation of material functionalities through interface modulation is necessary and helpful. Herein, firstly, the fundamentals of water electrolysis are outlined, and then the delicate design and fine control of well‐defined interfaces, as well as related mechanisms for performance improvement are discussed. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in the everlasting pursuit of highly efficient and robust water electrolysis catalysts are highlighted.
Ortsaufgelöste Stromdichtemessung in PEM‐Elektrolyse‐Zellen
Authors: Immerz Christoph , Bensmann Boris , Trinke Patrick , Suermann Michel , Hanke‐Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie vorliegende Analyse zeigt lokale Stromdichte‐ und Impedanzmessungen (EIS) entlang einer Einkanal‐Polymer‐Elektrolyt‐Membran‐Wasserelektrolysezelle, die mit einem ausreichend hohen und einem unzureichend niedrigen stöchiometrischen Wasseranteil betrieben wird. Mithilfe der örtlich verteilten Stromdichtemessung in Kombination mit globalen und lokalen EIS‐Messungen können die jeweiligen Einzelspannungsverluste in beiden Fällen voneinander unterschieden und verglichen werden. Die Kombination der beiden Methoden zeigt, dass der Wassergehalt der Membran und der anodenseitigen Katalysatorschicht unter niedrigen stöchiometrischen Bedingungen sehr inhomogen in Längsrichtung verteilt ist, wobei der niedrigste Wassergehalt am Ende des Kanals auftritt.
Rationale and design of the impact of anticoagulation therapy on the Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (CAF) Trial: A Vanguard study
Authors: Bunch T. Jared , Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi , Stevens Scott M. , Crandall Brian , Cutler Michael , Day John D. , Mallender Charles , Olson Jeff , Osborn Jeffrey , Weiss J. Peter , Woller Scott C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, which is more pronounced in patients with a history of clinical stroke. Observational trials suggest that the implementation and quality of long‐term anticoagulation impact dementia risk. Emerging evidence suggests that direct oral anticoagulants may improve long‐term risk of dementia in AF patients. This manuscript describes the rational and trial design of the the Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Atrial Fibrillation Patients (CAF) Trial. CAF investigates if AF patients randomized to dabigatran etexilate will have long‐term higher cognition scores and lower rates of dementia compared in the long term to dose‐adjusted warfarin (International Normalized Ratio [INR]: 2.0‐3.0). As of 27 February 2019, a total of 120 subjects will be enrolled at one investigational site in the United States and will be followed for 2 years after study enrollment. To date, 97 have been enrolled. The average age is 74.2 years, 53% are male, and 9% had a prior stroke. In this Vanguard study, patients will be followed for 2 years after study enrollment. These prospective, randomized data will inform the understanding of two anticoagulants in AF patients as it relates to risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Cranial imaging and biomarkers collected will assist in understanding mechanisms of brain injury.
Improving parallel efficiency for asynchronous graph analytics using Gauss‐Seidel‐based matrix computation
Authors: Luo Le , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGraph analytics is extensively used in big‐data applications such as social networks, web analysis, bio‐informatics, etc. Most graph processing frameworks adopt vertex‐centric model due to its ease of use and programming. However, when dealing with asynchronous graph analytics, frameworks based on vertex programming perform inefficiently. The reason is that first, vertex programming must guarantee the sequential consistency, which means frequent use of locks or atomic operations, and second, the algorithms are parallelized in vertex level and latent parallelism of the algorithms cannot be exploited. To improve parallel efficiency of asynchronous graph processing, the Gauss‐Seidel style algorithms in particular, this paper proposes a scheduling model using Gauss‐Seidel‐based matrix computation, which converts the vertex programming into two main matrix operations and then algorithms are parallelized by row and column vectors. Compared to vertex programming, our model parallelizes algorithms in a finer way to exploit more latent parallelism, while retains the ease‐of‐programming advantage of vertex programming. Instead of using locks to guarantee the sequential consistency, our model uses a hybrid synchronization policy to reduce serializability among threads and overheads of context switching. Furthermore, this model strengthens locality of the program. Experiment results show that our model outperforms vertex‐centric asynchronous frameworks in both performance and scalability. Moreover, it even surpasses the matrix‐based synchronous framework GraphMat with some non‐Gauss‐Seidel style algorithms.
Reactivity of the Indenyl Radical (C9H7) with Acetylene (C2H2) and Vinylacetylene (C4H4)
Authors: Zhao Long , Prendergast Matthew B. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Xu Bo , Lu Wenchao , Ablikim Utuq , Ahmed Musahid , Oleinikov Artem D. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. , Howlader A. Hasan , Wnuk Stanislaw F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe reactions of the indenyl radicals with acetylene (C2H2) and vinylacetylene (C4H4) is studied in a hot chemical reactor coupled to synchrotron based vacuum ultraviolet ionization mass spectrometry. These experimental results are combined with theory to reveal that the resonantly stabilized and thermodynamically most stable 1‐indenyl radical (C9H7.) is always formed in the pyrolysis of 1‐, 2‐, 6‐, and 7‐bromoindenes at 1500 K. The 1‐indenyl radical reacts with acetylene yielding 1‐ethynylindene plus atomic hydrogen, rather than adding a second acetylene molecule and leading to ring closure and formation of fluorene as observed in other reaction mechanisms such as the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition or hydrogen abstraction vinylacetylene addition pathways. While this reaction mechanism is analogous to the bimolecular reaction between the phenyl radical (C6H5.) and acetylene forming phenylacetylene (C6H5CCH), the 1‐indenyl+acetylene→1‐ethynylindene+hydrogen reaction is highly endoergic (114 kJ mol−1) and slow, contrary to the exoergic (−38 kJ mol−1) and faster phenyl+acetylene→phenylacetylene+hydrogen reaction. In a similar manner, no ring closure leading to fluorene formation was observed in the reaction of 1‐indenyl radical with vinylacetylene. These experimental results are explained through rate constant calculations based on theoretically derived potential energy surfaces.