bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine enhances activity thermogenesis and energy expenditure in rats
Authors: Clark Kathryn S. , Coleman Claire , Shelton Rhiannon , Heemstra Lydia A. , Novak Colleen M. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryCaffeine and its derivatives have been used, alone and in combination with other phytochemicals, as weight‐loss supplements. Caffeine affects several physiological and behavioural aspects of energy balance, including increasing locomotor activity. This study investigates the potential for caffeine to enhance activity thermogenesis and energy expenditure (EE) even when activity level is held constant. To do this, EE and muscle thermogenesis were measured in rats during treadmill walking regimens, with and without caffeine (25 mg/kg, ip). Activity‐related EE was significantly increased throughout the treadmill walking protocol. Muscle heat dissipation, on the other hand, was significantly increased by caffeine only at the end of the 25‐minute treadmill test. This study demonstrates that caffeine increases the caloric cost of physical activity, compared to the caloric cost of that same physical activity without caffeine, implicating decreased muscle work efficiency. Combined with the known ability of caffeine to increase locomotor activity, the decreased locomotor efficiency imparted by caffeine may further augment the potential for caffeine to enhance caloric expenditure.
Fluorescent Pseudomonas and cyclic lipopeptide diversity in the rhizosphere of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
Authors: Oni Feyisara Eyiwumi , Geudens Niels , Omoboye Olumide Owolabi , Bertier Lien , Hua Hoang Gia Khuong , Adiobo Amayana , Sinnaeve Davy , Martins José C. , Höfte Monica 
Published: January 2019

SummaryCocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.)), an important tuber crop in the tropics, is severely affected by the cocoyam root rot disease (CRRD) caused by Pythium myriotylum. The white cocoyam genotype is very susceptible while the red cocoyam has some field tolerance to CRRD. Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy red and white cocoyams from three different fields in Cameroon were taxonomically characterized. The cocoyam rhizosphere was enriched with P. fluorescens complex and P. putida isolates independent of the plant genotype. LC–MS and NMR analyses revealed that 50% of the Pseudomonas isolates produced cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) including entolysin, lokisin, WLIP, putisolvin and xantholysin together with eight novel CLPs. In general, CLP types were linked to specific taxonomic groups within the fluorescent pseudomonads. Representative CLP‐producing bacteria showed effective control against CRRD while purified CLPs caused hyphal branching or hyphal leakage in P. myriotylum. The structure of cocoyamide A, a CLP which is predominantly produced by P. koreensis group isolates within the P. fluorescens complex is described. Compared with the white cocoyam, the red cocoyam rhizosphere appeared to support a more diverse CLP spectrum. It remains to be investigated whether this contributes to the field tolerance displayed by the red cocoyam.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Chan‐hua fungus Isaria cicadae: a tale of intron evolution in Cordycipitaceae
Authors: Fan Wen‐Wen , Zhang Shu , Zhang Yong‐Jie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIsaria cicadae is an entomogenous fungus of great medicinal value. Its nuclear genome has been reported, while its mitogenome remains unknown. Herein, we first described its mitogenome and then inferred intron evolution from both intraspecific and interspecific perspectives. The fungus represented the largest mitogenome (56.6 kb in strain CCAD02) known in Cordycipitaceae due to the presence of 25 introns interrupting nine genes. Comparison of three I. cicadae strains revealed intron presence/absence dynamics at six intron loci plus a few indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of I. cicadae in Cordycipitaceae. Comparison of 10 Cordycipitaceae species revealed a high degree of synteny and conserved genetic content. They, however, varied in intron numbers (1–25 per species) with overall 34 intron loci identified, which resulted in more than twofold variations in mitogenome sizes (24.5–56.6 kb). An rnl intron encoding ribosomal protein S3 was present in all species, suggesting its early invasion in Cordycipitaceae, while further divergence occurred for this intron. The other introns identified in this study were present in some, but not all of the species and have undergone multiple gains and losses in Cordycipitaceae. This study greatly enhanced our understanding of intron evolution in Cordycipitaceae.
Cooperative Islands in Capitalist Waters: Limited‐equity Housing Cooperatives, Urban Renewal and Gentrification
Authors: Vidal Lorenzo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImproving the habitat of residents in central‐city neighbourhoods without simultaneously gentrifying these is becoming a pressing dilemma in right‐to‐housing and right‐to‐the‐city agendas, both in the global North and the global South. This article explores what possibilities limited‐equity housing cooperativism can bring to the table. Insights are drawn from two urban ‘renewal’ processes in which limited‐equity housing cooperatives have played an important role: in Vesterbro (Copenhagen) and Ciudad Vieja (Montevideo). The article analyses the everyday politics within and around these cooperatives through a broader institutional and political‐economy lens. This approach sheds light on mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion that operate within these cooperatives, as well as on the processes through which they have been directly and indirectly implicated in the displacement of low‐income neighbours. Despite providing a grassroots housing alternative for local ‘non‐owners’, individual cooperatives participate in, and are vulnerable to, urban transformations that traverse multiple scales. They are inserted, moreover, within wide‐ranging unequal social structures that the cooperative's formal equality has limited tools to offset. The ways in which cooperatives interlink as a sector and how this sector relates to the state are two key dimensions to be considered in challenging capitalist‐space economies.
Using an automated measure of breast density to explore the association between ethnicity and mammographic density in Australian women
Authors: Bell Robin J , Evans Jill , Fox Jane , Pridmore Vicki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate mammographic density in a sample of Victorian women and explore a possible association between mammographic density and ethnicity.MethodsCategories of mammographic density, using Volpara Density Grade, were reported using two editions of Volpara automated software in a data set of women attending two Victorian sites for mammographic screening. The variables available for analysis were age, self‐reported exposure to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and ethnicity based on country of birth.ResultsData from 16,943 women were available for analysis. Using the VDG 4th edition, 40% of women were classified in the higher two categories (42% for the 5th edition) and 76.9% of women were in the same VDG category using both systems. In the sample, 87.7% of women were in the age range currently invited for screening in Victoria (50–74 years). Of the total group, 82.5% could be classified on the basis of country of birth. In multivariable logistic regression analyses examining factors associated with higher VDG, age (protective), use of MHT (risk factor) and being born in a country with predominantly Asian ancestry (risk factor) were all statistically significant at P < 0.001 for both editions irrespective of whether the reference category was the lowest two or three VDG categories.ConclusionsMammographic density as assessed by VDG was positively associated with ever exposure to MHT and inversely associated with age. Being born in a country with predominantly Asian ancestry was associated with higher VDG when controlled for age and MHT exposure.
Physical function and actigraphy in intensive care survivors—A prospective 3‐month follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Estrup Stine , Kjer Cilia K. W. , Vilhelmsen Frederik , Poulsen Lone M. , Gøgenur Ismail , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundImpaired physical function after intensive care unit (ICU) stay is common. We aimed to study the association between activity levels in the ward after discharge from ICU and physical function at 3‐month follow‐up.MethodsProspective cohort study of adult patients admitted to the ICU for more than 24 hours. Patients wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days at the ward. At discharge from ICU and at 3‐month follow‐up, patients were tested with the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx).ResultsWe screened 66 consecutive, eligible patients; 41 completed actigraphy and 19 patients were visited at 3 months. The median CPAx increased from 31 (IQR 23‐41) at discharge from ICU to 47 (IQR 44‐49) at follow‐up (P < 0.0001). Mean daily activity for the first week was correlated with CPAx at ICU discharge (R2 = 0.14, P = 0.017; all 41 patients). For the 19 visited patients, we found no significant correlation for activity levels with CPAx at ICU discharge (R2 = 0.12, P = 0.14) nor at visit (R2 = 0.2, P = 0.058).ConclusionWe found improved physical function for most patients 3 months after ICU treatment. Activity levels for 1 week after ICU discharge at the ward were not associated with better physical function at 3‐month follow‐up.
A sustainable method to reduce postoperative oxycodone discharge prescribing in a metropolitan tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Stevens J. , Trimboli A. , Samios P. , Steele N. , Welch S. , Thompson P. , Halvorsen C. , Kerr S. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe primary objective of this quality improvement project was to measure and reduce the number of oxycodone immediate‐release tablets dispensed to overnight stay surgical patients at discharge. The secondary objective was to reduce the proportion of inappropriate oxycodone immediate‐release prescriptions at discharge. Interrupted time series analysis was performed in four surgical wards of St Vincent's Public Hospital, Sydney. The baseline period was from January 2005 to August 2013. Interventions and follow‐up occurred until July 2017. Baseline audit of oxycodone immediate‐release tablet numbers showed prescribing increased significantly with a monthly linear trend of 1.8 (95%CI = 1.4–2.3; p = 0.001) tablets/100 surgical admissions from January 2005 to August 2013. Four sequential interventions produced no significant change in the primary objective. At the end of the first month of a fifth intervention, comprising audit‐feedback plus individual academic detailing, the average number of oxycodone tablets decreased by 77 (95%CI 39–115) tablets/100 surgical cases, and the postintervention linear trend was a monthly reduction of 3.2 (coefficient −3.2 (95%CI −4.5 to −1.8); p = 0.001) tablets/100 surgical admissions. Baseline audit showed 27% of oxycodone prescriptions to be inappropriate. Following our intervention, this dropped to 17% (p = 0.048), and then to 10% (p = 0.002) after 3 years.
Preoperative anti‐inflammatory treatment of diabetic patients does not improve recovery from cataract surgery when postoperatively treated with a combination of prednisolone acetate and nepafenac
Authors: Danni Reeta , Viljanen Antti , Aaronson Alexander , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine preoperative anti‐inflammatory treatment on recovery from cataract surgery in eyes of diabetic patients.MethodsA Prospective randomized clinical trial. One hundred and three eyes of 103 patients with diabetes undergoing routine cataract surgery were randomized (1:1) not to receive any preoperative anti‐inflammatory medication or to receive preoperative topical anti‐inflammatory medication with a combination of prednisolone acetate (10 mg/ml) and nepafenac (1 mg/ml). All eyes received postoperative anti‐inflammatory combination therapy for 3 weeks. Recovery from surgery was recorded by a structured home questionnaire. Clinical outcome parameters were recorded at 28 days and 3 months.ResultsPatient age and gender distribution, and all baseline ophthalmic and systemic parameters were comparable between the study groups. After surgery, conjunctival injection lasted 2.4 ± 1.7 days (mean ± SD) and irritation of the eye 3.3 ± 3.9 days in eyes without preoperative treatment, when compared to 1.6 ± 1.6 days (p = 0.067) and 2.4 ± 4.0 days (p = 0.431), respectively, in eyes with preoperative treatment. At 28 days, central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) increased 2.2 ± 20.2 μm in eyes without preoperative treatment, when compared 0.1 ± 25.2 μm (p = 0.670) in eyes with preoperative treatment. At 3 months, the respective CSMT change from baseline was −1.5 ± 26.9 μm and −3.4 ± 26.2 μm (p = 0.762). None of the eyes were reported with pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCME) in either group.ConclusionLack of preoperative anti‐inflammatory treatment does not impair recovery from surgery or predispose diabetic patients to increased risk of PCME in eyes postoperatively treated with combination therapy of prednisolone acetate and nepafenac.
‘H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, PEE! Get it? Pee!’: Siblings’ shared humour in childhood
Authors: Paine Amy L. , Howe Nina , Karajian Gassiaa , Hay Dale F. , DeHart Ganie 
Published: January 2019

Humour is a central feature of social interactions in childhood that has received little attention. In a sample of 86 7‐year‐old children (M age = 7.82 years, SD = 0.80), we investigated patterns and individual differences in spontaneous humour observed during free play with their older (M age = 9.55 years, SD = 0.88) or their younger sibling (M age = 5.87 years, SD = 0.96). We coded children's instances, categories, and responses to humour. We investigated the nature of children's humour on the dyadic and individual level. Humour was common, and siblings’ production of humour was highly interdependent between play partners. Dyadic humour differed according to structural features of the sibling relationship (age, gender composition), and 7‐year‐old focal children's humour varied according to gender. This study contributes to knowledge regarding the dyadic nature of children's humour and individual patterns of humour beyond the preschool years.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Humour is an integral part of children's close and intimate interactions.

Children produce humour from an early age and increasingly produce more complex humour as they develop.

Few studies examine children's humour with siblings and beyond the fourth year of life.

What does this study add?

Children's humour during free play with siblings was common and highly dyadic.

Sibling dyads’ humour differed according to age and gender composition.

Seven‐year‐old boys produced more humour than girls.
Neuroimmunological phenomena involved in chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Velasco‐González Roberto , Vargas‐Castro Natalia , Mendoza‐Negrete Katia , Acacio‐Martínez Diana , Luna‐Mendoza José , Mendez‐Cuesta Luis , Sotomayor‐Sobrino Marco , Ochoa Aguilar Abraham , Gómez‐Acevedo Claudia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrently, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is widely recognized as a neurodegenerative syndrome caused by constant exposure to events of acceleration and deceleration. CTE produces a myriad of neurological alterations in both the short‐ and long term; some of these alterations disturb the homeostasis of the central nervous system, and trigger several behavioral and cognitive deficits. The pathology of CTE resembles that of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (among many others), which are characterized by the important role of the immune response in the development of the disease and the deposition of proteins, such as amyloid beta and tau. In the present article, we review the succession of events that develop after exposure to acceleration/deceleration events, and how such events affect the distinct cellular types in the central nervous system and their role in the activation of the immune system. We also review how the activation of the immune system affects mechanisms, such as neurogenesis and neurodegeneration, and how this in turn could generate the behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with this pathology.
Localization and characterization of human palatal periosteum stem cells in serum‐free, xeno‐free medium for clinical use
Authors: Naung Noel Ye , Duncan Warwick , Silva Rohana De , Coates Dawn 
Published: January 2019

Harvesting, expanding, and re‐implanting osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) avoids the donor‐site morbidity associated with autogenous grafting from bone marrow. Mesenchymal stem cells sourced from the palatal periosteum could be an alternative to isolation of such cells using bone marrow aspiration procedures. For safe use in human therapy, MSCs should be expanded in culture medium that is free from animal or human‐derived serum. In this study we localized, quantified, and characterized MSCs from palatal periosteum cultured in serum‐free, xeno‐free Essential 8 medium. A portion of the palatal periosteum tissues from three patients were dual‐immunostained with MSC‐specific markers (CD105, CD90, and CD73). The remaining portions were expanded in culture, and the isolated MSCs were analyzed using flow cytometry and tri‐lineage differentiation. Palatal periosteum sections were found to contain CD105‐, CD90‐, and CD73‐positive cells. The cultured cells were 73.0 ± 6.7% (mean ± SD) positive for all three MSC‐specific markers and were without hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) markers 0.5 ± 0.3% (mean ± SD). Tri‐lineage differentiation analysis confirmed that palatal periosteum cells could become adipoblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts. The results demonstrate that palatal‐derived MSCs could be detected in situ within small niches, and when expanded in serum‐free, xeno‐free medium represent a viable source of MSCs for clinical use.
Combining population genomics and forward simulations to investigate stocking impacts: A case study of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from the St. Lawrence River basin
Authors: Rougemont Quentin , Carrier Anne , Le Luyer Jeremy , Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Farrell John M. , Hatin Daniel , Brodeur Philippe , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic and evolutionary impacts of stocking on wild fish populations has long been of interest as negative consequences such as reduced fitness and loss of genetic diversity are commonly reported outcomes. In an attempt to sustain a fishery, managers implemented nearly five decades of extensive stocking of over a million Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), a native species in the Lower St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada). We investigated the effect of this stocking on population genetic structure and allelic diversity in the St. Lawrence River in addition to tributaries and several stocked inland lakes. Using genotype by sequencing, we genotyped 643 individuals representing 22 locations and combined this information with forward simulations to investigate the genetic consequences of long‐term stocking. Individuals native to the St. Lawrence watershed were genetically differentiated from stocking sources and tributaries, and inland lakes were naturally differentiated from the main river. Empirical data and simulations within the St. Lawrence River revealed weak stocking effects on admixture patterns. Our data suggest that the genetic structure associated with stocked fish was diluted into its relatively large effective population size. This interpretation is also consistent with a hypothesis that selection against introgression was in operation and relatively efficient within the large St. Lawrence River system. In contrast, smaller populations from adjacent tributaries and lakes displayed greater stocking‐related admixture that resulted in comparatively higher heterozygosity than the St. Lawrence. Finally, individuals from inland lakes that were established by stocking maintained a close affinity with their source populations. This study illustrated a benefit of combining extensive genomic data with forward simulations for improved inference regarding population‐level genetic effects of long‐term stocking, and its relevance for fishery management decision making.
An ordered sparse subspace clustering algorithm based on p‐Norm
Authors: Chen Liping , Guo Gongde , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImages in video may include both Gaussian noise and geometric rotation. Thus, it is challenging to represent an image sequence in its intrinsically low‐dimensional space in a noise‐robust and rotation‐robust manner. In this paper, we propose a novel‐ordered sparse subspace clustering algorithm based on a p‐norm to achieve an effective clustering of sequential data under heavy noise conditions. We also use the wavelet‐histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) transform in the kernel view to extract both the global features (with the wavelet process) and the local features (with the HOG process) from the image. In addition, we assign different weights to different features to obtain a sparse coefficient matrix that helps to emphasize the global and local correlations in each sample. Similarly, the clustering algorithm based on the p‐norm for sequential images emphasizes the within‐class correlations amongst samples. Therefore, in this paper, we select additional denoising main components under a Laplacian constraint to achieve a better block‐diagonal structure and highlight the independence of different clusters. Extensive experiments performed on various public datasets (including the ordered face dataset, handwritten recognition dataset, video scene segmentation dataset, and object recognition dataset) demonstrate that the proposed method is more resilient to noise and rotation than other representative sparse subspace clustering methods.
A systematic review of qualitative studies of adults’ experiences of being assessed for psychological therapies
Authors: Sweeney Angela , Clement Sarah , Gribble Kate , Jackson Elizabeth , Carr Sarah , Catty Jocelyn , Gillard Steve 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesize the qualitative literature on adults’ experiences of psychological therapy assessments. The review was led by people with experience of undergoing assessments, with high levels of client involvement throughout.Search strategyA comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken, with additional search strategies employed to locate further literature.Inclusion criteriaStudies were included that qualitatively explored the experiences of people aged 16+ who had been assessed for psychological therapy services. Assessments could be structured or unstructured. Qualitative was defined as any analysed account of people's experiences, including qualitative survey data.Data extraction and synthesisLiterature quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist, modified to include client involvement and intersectionalities. Following data extraction, thematic synthesis was used to synthesize findings across studies.ResultsOf 12 743 titles were screened, with 13 studies relevant to the review. Themes and subthemes were identified at three stages of the assessment process: the journey to the assessment, at the assessment, and after the assessment. Findings highlighted the emotional impact of assessments, collaboration, intersectionalities, rights, pathologization, socioeconomic restrictions, and information and support needs. Implications and limitations were indicated.Discussion and conclusionsFindings were situated within the trauma‐informed (TIA) literature. Trauma‐informed assessment principles, including collaborative assessments, may be fruitful means of improving people's experiences. Whilst the benefits of collaboration appear self‐evident, explicitly collaborative approaches were not the norm, nor were studies conducted independently. Further service user research is needed. A greater understanding of the experience of minority groups is also needed.