bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eksplorasi Senyawa Bioaktif Alga Cokelat Sargassum sp. Agardh sebagai Antioksidan dari Pesisir Barat Aceh
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Zamani Neviaty P. 
Published: May 2018

Alga cokelat merupakan salah satu jenis makroalga laut yang mendominasi kawasan pesisir Barat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif alga cokelat <em>Sargassum</em> sp. sebagai sumber antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif. Pengujian terdiri dari analisis proksimat, senyawa aktif, total fenol, aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dan perhitungan rendemen ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi kimia yang paling dominan terdiri dari kadar abu 52,74% dan kadar karbohidrat 23,77%. Rendemen ekstrak <em>Sargasuum</em> sp. dengan pelarut etanol 0,565%, etil asetat 0,420% dan n-heksan 0,265%. Kadar total fenol etanol ektrak 563,22 mg GAE/g, etil asetat ekstrak 13,48 mg GAE/g, n-heksan ekstrak 30,610 mg GAE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan etanol ekstrak dengan IC50 = 239,51mg/L, etil asetat ekstrak 68,89 mg/L dan n-heksan ekstrak 148.16 mg/L. Ekstrak Sargassum sp. terdeteksi mengandung fenol, alkaloid dan triterpenoid.<br /><br />
Adaptación de lentes de contacto rígidos esféricos con base en topografía corneal en pacientes con córneas irregulares inducidas por cirugía refractiva
Authors: Ortega Pacific Ernesto J. 
Published: May 2018

Propósito: desarrollar un método para la determinación del lente de contacto rígido esférico de prueba, con base en la topografía corneal, en pacientes con corneas irregulares poscirugía refractiva tipo Lasik y queratoplastia penetrante. Metodología: Se realizaron adaptaciones de lentes rígidos esféricos en treinta pacientes. Determinando el lente prueba, observando áreas especificas de la topografía corneal y utilizando esa misma curvatura, se realizaron modificaciones con base en el fluorograma en varios controles y se relacionaron los parámetros finales de lentes entregados y la topografía corneal. Resultados: se realizaron treinta adaptaciones en pacientes posquirúrgicos: diecinueve de Lasik y once con queratoplastia penetrante. Se logró exitosa adaptación, con más de ocho horas de uso continuo, en el 94,7% de Lasik y en el 90,9 % de las queratoplastias. Conclusiones: si determinamos, con base en la topografía corneal, la curvatura promedio encontrada a 3 milímetros temporal y nasal y ligeramente superior, podemos seleccionar como lente de prueba uno con igual valor de curvatura de diseño esférico. Este diseño, combinado con zonas ópticas mayores de 8 mm y diámetros totales promedios de 10 mm, con un adecuado análisis del fluorograma, ofrece muy buenos resultados en corneas irregulares posquirúrgicas de láser y queratoplastia.
Alteraciones visuales y oculares en pruebas tamiz, Pereira, 2006-2007
Authors: Gómez González María del Pilar , Betancur P. Carmen Luisa , Garzón S. María Nancy 
Published: May 2018

El conocimiento del estado de salud visual y ocular de la población permite la creación de programas de intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: caracterizar la población de acuerdo con el estado visual y ocular, según atención en tamizajes visuales en Pereira, mediante evaluación de los registros individuales de prestación de servicios (RIPS) diligenciados entre 2006 y 2007 para generar proyectos de investigación e intervención que beneficien a la población. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo–retrospectivo de los RIPS diligenciados entre 2006 y 2007 por una institución de educación superior en Pereira, donde se tomaron datos sin discriminación de género, ni edad de personas que fueran atendidos en jornadas de tamizajes visuales, se evaluaron la totalidad de registros, se realizó una base de datos en Excel, se filtró la información y se analizó en el programa Stata 9.0. Para esta investigación, considerada sin riesgo según la resolución 008430, se contó con el consentimiento institucional. Resultados: el 52,06 % de la población está entre 3 años y 11 años, la edad media fue de 11 años. La relación hombre: mujer de 1:1 aproximadamente. Las alteraciones del estado refractivo fueron las más frecuentes, con un 99 %, la hipermetropía, con un 50,6 % (IC 95% 48-53), seguida por el astigmatismo, la miopía y la emetropía. Conclusiones: la población atendida es joven, de procedencia urbana, sin diferencia entre los géneros. Los defectos refractivos son las principales causas de morbilidad visual.
Insuficiencia de convergencia en adulto prepresbita: caso clínico
Authors: Medrano Muñoz Sandra Milena , García Gil Gentzane , Izquierdo María 
Published: May 2018

Se presenta un caso de un paciente preprésbita con una insuficiencia de convergencia severa con sintomatología marcada en tareas de cerca. Se realizó terapia visual mediante el entrenamiento de la convergencia acomodativa, con lo cual se logró una visión binocular eficaz, sin síntomas y con un excelente resultado en el tiempo. Por esta razón, se enfatiza en realizar un examen visual completo de los pacientes, dar el diagnóstico apropiado y determinar la mejor opción de tratamiento que conlleve a solucionar su motivo de consulta independientemente de la edad. Además, se resalta la importancia de analizar clínicamente cuánto se podría influir de manera favorable en diferir el momento de inicio de prescripción de cerca. Como lo menciona Lara (2001), muchos escritores sugieren que las disfunciones binoculares no estrábicas son muy comunes en la práctica optométrica, y aunque los datos de prevalencia son muy variados, en la experiencia clínica se observa que la insuficiencia de convergencia es una de las más frecuentes y quizá de las más ignoradas a nivel de la consulta en adultos. Cuando se trata de un paciente présbita o preprésbita con diagnóstico de insuficiencia de convergencia, puede surgir la duda de la eficacia de la terapia visual, debido al compromiso normal de la acomodación en esta edad. Sin duda, son numerosos los casos que a diario acuden con sintomatología justificada por un disfunción binocular y no por presbicia propiamente. Muchos de ellos son corregidos prematuramente con lentes positivos afectando de manera negativa su condición de acomodación.
Curso clínico de una endotropía consecutiva a una cirugía de estrabismo. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Lalama Guerrero Gabriel Alejandro , Solano Franco Adriana Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Propósito: analizar y describir el curso clínico de una exotropía recurrente, que luego de la re operación presenta un endotropía consecutiva. Métodos: paciente femenina de 4 años 5 meses, con diagnóstico de exotropía intermitente. Se le realizó retroinserción de rectos laterales a 6,5 mm en ambos ojos. La exotropía recurrió en un año. Posteriormente se le realizó resección de rectos medios de 6 mm. El resultado posoperatorio fue una endotropía consecutiva de involución espontánea. Resultados: al realizar la primera cirugía para exotropía, se obtuvo un resultado de micro endotropía que evolucionó a exotropía recurrente. En la re operación se obtuvo una endotropía consecutiva de 20 dioptrías prismáticas que actualmente está en involución. Conclusión: Debe considerarse una hipercorrección inicial en la cirugía de exotropía. En el caso de una segunda operación para exotropía recurrente, se debe tener en cuenta que ésta puede volver a recurrir, aun cuando la tasa de recurrencia es menor que en la primera cirugía, y una nueva hipercorrección puede también ser recomendable. La endodesviación pos tiende a disminuir y dejar de persistir a los seis meses posoperatorios.
Studi Pengeringan Cabe dengan menggunakan Bath Drayer Bertenaga Listrik
Authors: Amanto Bambang Sigit 
Published: May 2018

<p>Aims of this study is determine performance of drying chile that use electric energy. Type of dryer is bath dryer. Using of this study can be help farmers for to solve their problems in post harvest. This study use material and tools like (1) a set bath dryer with electric energy, (2) thermometer, (3) hygrometer, (4) oven, (5) balance, (6) chile and (7) others tool. The parameters in the study are temperatur (influence, material, dryer, out of material), relative humidity (influence, out of material), moisture content during drying with time intervals one hours and drying times. Depand on this experiment and discusions, can be conclusions that drying methode and making of dryer is easy, material for make dryer is easy to colect. Quality of final product is good, drying efficience is 22,36%, and final moisture content 7% dry base (drying time is 14 hours).</p>
Advanced Agronomic Practices to Maximize Feed Barley Yield, Quality, and Standability in Alberta, Canada. I. Responses to Plant Density, a Plant Growth Regulator, and Foliar Fungicides
Authors: Perrott L. A. , Strydhorst S. M. , Hall L. M. , Yang R. C. , Pauly D. , Gill K. S. , Bowness R. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Chlormequat chloride did not markedly reduce height or lodging, but yield increased by 2% across environments.
Chlormequat chloride improved barley quality through increased test weight in moderate stands (240 plants m−2).
Foliar fungicides increased grain yield by 3% across environments, which overall had low disease pressure.
Dual fungicide applications increased yield more than single applications only at the higher density (355 plants m−2).
Greatest grain yield was achieved by 355 plants m−2, a growth regulator, and dual fungicide applications.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield has increased at a slower rate than other major crops in Alberta, and barley area has declined over the last two decades. Improved agronomic management may increase grain yield and address other production constraints such as lodging, disease, and quality limitations. Field experiments were conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 at four rainfed sites and one irrigated site in Alberta, Canada, to evaluate the effects of plant density (targeting 240 or 355 plants m−2), the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC; 2‐chloroethyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium chloride), foliar fungicide application (at flag leaf, 2 wk later, or at both application [dual] timings), four rates of post‐emergence N, and the interaction of these factors on ‘Amisk’ feed barley. There was no post‐emergence N interaction with the other agronomic practices tested in this study. The CCC did not markedly reduce height or lodging, but increased grain yield by 2%. Test weight increased by 0.5 kg hL−1 with CCC at 240 plants m−2. Foliar fungicides resulted in an average yield increase of 3% in the low disease conditions encountered in the study. Dual fungicide applications increased yield over single applications at the 355 plants m−2 density only. Combined, the most intensive agronomic practices (355 plants m−2, CCC, and dual fungicide applications) provided a 7% grain yield increase compared to the low intensity control.
Modeling Solute Mass Exchange between Pore Regions in Slurry‐Injected Soil Columns during Intermittent Irrigation
Authors: Glæsner Nadia , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Magid Jakob , Kjaergaard Charlotte , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Water flow and solute transport models described solute leaching during slurry injection.
Intermittent flow increased leaching of injected slurry compounds compared with steady flow.
Mass exchange of slurry compounds during interruptions occurred from im‐ to mobile pore regions.
Mass exchange between pore regions should be included in larger scale model predictions.
Animal slurry application to agricultural land can be a threat to the quality of groundwater and nearby surface water bodies by percolation of solutes from slurry sources. We hypothesized that local‐scale processes, such as mass exchange between preferential flow paths and matrix pore regions, can play a substantial role in relation to slurry application and nutrient leaching. To improve understanding of these mass exchange mechanisms, soil column leaching data of nonreactive slurry components after injection of dairy slurry were analyzed under different initial and boundary conditions with single‐ and double‐porosity model approaches. The data set was from nine intact soil columns (20‐cm i.d., 20‐cm height) of the plow layer of arable loamy topsoil that were percolated under unsaturated steady‐flow conditions with a suction of 5 cm applied at the bottom. Both single‐ and double‐porosity water flow and mobile–immobile solute transport models could describe these experimental breakthrough curves. Rainfall interruptions mimicking more natural conditions and variably saturated intermittent flow led to higher leaching of injected slurry compounds than steady‐flow conditions. These observations could be explained by an increased mass exchange of dissolved injected slurry components from the immobile to the mobile pore water regions during interruptions. The results suggest that column tests under steady‐flow conditions could lead to false predictions of solute leaching after slurry injection in structured soils. Furthermore, local‐scale processes, such as mass exchange between pore regions, should be included in larger scale model predictions of nutrient losses from agricultural fields.
The influence of energy input on the particle size of disintegrated excess sludge in the ultrasonic disintegration process
Authors: Skórkowski Łukasz , Zielewicz Ewa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the influence of energy input on the particle size distribution of disintegrated sludge. The change of particle size distribution indicates the deagglomeration of flocs and disruption of micro-colonies. As the digestibility of sludge increases with dispersion, particle size analysis is an important factor in evaluating the disintegration process. Four different levels of energy input were used in the research: 10–100 kWh·m−3. All samples showed significant changes as far as dispersion (kdCST = 22.98–74.67, kdFCOD = 3.23–18.46), lysis (kdSCOD = 4.22–12.09), acidification (kdVFAs = 1.78–12.61), nitrogen release (kdTN = 4.02–21.61) indicators were concerned. Results indicate the gradual decrease of measured particle size with increasing energy input. The energy supplied to the disintegration process primarily promotes deagglomeration and with the rise of energy input, the destruction of cells. For EV = 50 and 100 kWh·m−3 an increased occurrence of lysis effects and increase in particle fraction &lt;99.9 μm was noted. The highest efficiency evaluated by increase of filtered chemical oxygen demand (FCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD) per unit of volumetric energy – ΔCOD and ΔSCOD (mgO2·Wh−1) was obtained for Ev = 10 WhL−1, which corresponds to the most significant change in particle size distribution. The volume of particles &lt;99.9 μm rose from 1.92% for non-disintegrated sludge to 26.62% for volumetric energy 100 kWh·m−3.
SGLT-2 inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Lies Behind their Renoprotective Properties?
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Divani Maria , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Mertens Peter R. , Liakopoulos Vassilios 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Despite optimal management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD)
with intensive glycemic control and administration of agents blocking the renin-angiotensinaldosterone-
system, the residual risk for nephropathy progression to end-stage-renal-disease
(ESRD) remains high. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT-2)-inhibitors represent
a newly-introduced anti-diabetic drug class with pleiotropic actions extending above their
glucose-lowering efficacy. Herein, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical-trial
evidence supporting a protective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on DKD.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of bibliographic databases was conducted to identify
preclinical studies and randomized trials evaluating the effects SGLT-2 inhibitors on
DKD.

Results:
Preclinical studies performed in animal models of DKD support the renoprotective
action of SGLT-2 inhibitors showing that these agents exert albuminuria-lowering effects
and reverse glomerulosclerosis. The renoprotective action of SGLT-2 inhibitors is strongly
supported by human studies showing that these agents prevent the progression of albuminuria
and retard nephropathy progression to ESRD. This beneficial effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors
is not fully explained by their glucose-lowering properties. Attenuation of glomerular hyperfiltration
and improvement in a number of surrogate risk factors, including associated reduction
in systemic blood pressure, body weight, and serum uric acid levels may represent plausible
mechanistic explanations for the cardio-renal protection offered by SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Furthermore, the tubular cell metabolism seems to be altered towards a ketone-prone pathway
with protective activities.

Conclusion:
SGLT-2 inhibition emerges as a novel therapeutic approach of diabetic with
anticipated benefits towards cardio-renal risk reduction. Additional research efforts are
clearly warranted to elucidate this favorable effect in patients with overt DKD.
Process Intensification Techniques for the Production of Nano- and Submicronic Particles for Food and Medical Applications
Authors: Stoller Marco , Di Palma Luca , Vuppala Srikanth , Verdone Nicola , Vilardi Giorgio 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Nowadays, nanoparticles are of great interest for the industry due to their numerous
possible applications in several fields. Research on this topic seeks to develop many procedures to produce nanoparticles,
mostly at lab scale, batch-wise and with low yield. These procedures generally do not suit industrial
needs of continuous, high capacity production. Moreover, the product characteristics require targeting narrow
particle size distributions and high quality, which is difficult to achieve by traditional equipment.

Methods:
Process intensification techniques aim to minimize plant size of continuous, high yield equipment
capable to produce specific sized, high quality nanoparticles, combined with an increase in energy efficiency,
safety and cost reduction.

Discussion:
This paper reviews some adopted Process Intensification (PI) techniques for nanoparticles synthesis
processes employed in the food and pharmaceutical sector.

Conclusion:
By reducing the technology transfer gap, nanotechnologies may become convenient and feasible,
allowing both industries to achieve the production of higher quality products with particular characteristics without
sensibly increasing additional costs. This will represent in the next future a strategic key feature of industries
in the global market.
Molecular Docking for Prediction and Interpretation of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Luo Heng , Fokoue-Nkoutche Achille , Singh Nalini , Yang Lun , Hu Jianying , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2018

Aim and Objective:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) present a major burden for patients
and the healthcare industry. Various computational methods have been developed to predict ADRs
for drug molecules. However, many of these methods require experimental or surveillance data and
cannot be used when only structural information is available.

Materials and Methods:
We collected 1,231 small molecule drugs and 600 human proteins and
utilized molecular docking to generate binding features among them. We developed machine
learning models that use these docking features to make predictions for 1,533 ADRs.

Results:
These models obtain an overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
(AUROC) of 0.843 and an overall area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) of 0.395,
outperforming seven structural fingerprint-based prediction models. Using the method, we predicted
skin striae for fluticasone propionate, dermatitis acneiform for mometasone, and decreased libido for
irinotecan, as demonstrations. Furthermore, we analyzed the top binding proteins associated with
some of the ADRs, which can help to understand and/or generate hypotheses for underlying
mechanisms of ADRs.

Conclusion:
Machine learning combined with molecular docking can help to predict ADRs for drug
molecules and provide possible explanations for the ADR mechanisms.
Design, Synthesis and Investigation of New Diphenyl Substituted Pyridazinone Derivatives as Both Cholinesterase and Aβ-Aggregation Inhibitors
Authors: Kilic Burcu , Erdogan Merve , Gulcan Hayrettin O. , Aksakal Fatma , Oruklu Nihan , Bagriacik Emin U. , Dogruer Deniz S. 
Published: May 2018

Background:With respect to the increase in the average life expectancy, Alzheimer Disease (AD), the most common form of age-related dementia, has become a major threat to the population over the age of 65 during the past several decades. The majority of AD treatments are focused on cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses.Objective:In this study, three series of diphenyl-2-(2-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)pyridazin- 3(2H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit both cholinesterase enzymes and amyloid-β aggregation.Method:The inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds on AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) were determined by the modified Ellman’s method. The reported thioflavin T-based fluorometric assay was performed to investigate the effect of the selected compounds on the aggregation of Aβ1-42. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds (4g, 11g and 18g) was monitored in 3T3 cell lines to gain insight into therapeutic potential of the compounds by using MTT assay. The crystal structures of the AChE (1EVE) and BChE (1P0I) enzymes were retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used for molecular docking of the ligands.Results:Among the tested compounds, 5,6-diphenyl derivative 18g was identified as the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.75 µM, Selectivity Index for AChE > 22.857). 4,6- Diphenyl derivative 11g showed the highest and the most selectivity for BChE (IC50= 4.97 µM, SI for AChE < 0.124). Interestingly, 4,5-diphenyl derivative 4g presented dual cholinesterase inhibition (AChE IC50= 5.11 µM; BChE IC50= 14.16 µM, SI for AChE = 2.771).Conclusion:Based on biological activity results and low toxicity of the compounds, it can be said that diphenyl substituted pyridazinone core is a valuable scaffold. Especially, dual inhibitory potencies of 4,5-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one core for the cholinesterase enzymes and Aβ- aggregation makes this core a promising disease-modifying agent.