bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graded Geometry, Q‐Manifolds, and Microformal Geometry
Authors: Voronov Theodore Th. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe give an exposition of graded and microformal geometry, and the language of Q‐manifolds. Q‐manifolds are supermanifolds endowed with an odd vector field of square zero. They can be seen as a non‐linear analogue of Lie algebras (in parallel with even and odd Poisson manifolds), a basis of “non‐linear homological algebra”, and a powerful tool for describing algebraic and geometric structures. This language goes together with that of graded manifolds, which are supermanifolds with an extra ‐grading in the structure sheaf. “Microformal geometry” is a new notion referring to “thick” or “microformal” morphisms, which generalize ordinary smooth maps, but whose crucial feature is that the corresponding pullbacks of functions are nonlinear. In particular, “Poisson thick morphisms” of homotopy Poisson supermanifolds induce ‐morphisms of homotopy Poisson brackets. There is a quantum version based on special type Fourier integral operators and applicable to Batalin–Vilkovisky geometry. Though the text is mainly expository, some results are new or not published previously.
Risk of development of visceral metastases subsequent to abiraterone vs placebo: An analysis of mode of radiographic progression in COU‐AA‐302
Authors: Teply Benjamin A. , Qiu Fang , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbiraterone increases survival in prostate cancer, but tumors resistant to abiraterone can exhibit a hormonally resistant, aggressive phenotype. We hypothesized that the therapeutic pressure of abiraterone is resulting in more clinically aggressive disease at progression, characterized by increased visceral metastases. Our objective was to determine whether abiraterone increased the risk of development of visceral metastases at the time of progression compared with placebo in a randomized phase III trial.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the COU‐AA‐302 trial of abiraterone plus prednisone vs placebo plus prednisone in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The primary outcome was the development of visceral metastases. The cumulative incidences of visceral metastases were calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using log‐rank testing. Multivariable Cox regression analysis assessed for the independent association of abiraterone with the development of visceral metastases.ResultsEighty‐four of 1088 patients developed visceral metastases during study. Log‐rank testing and Cox regression showed no difference in time to visceral metastases between groups (HR 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65‐1.56]; P = .97). Abiraterone treatment was not associated with the development of visceral metastases in multivariable analysis (HR 0.89 [95% CI, 0.57‐1.40];
P = .62). The study was limited by censoring of radiographic outcomes at the time of completion of primary study therapy; longer term risks were not assessed.ConclusionsAbiraterone was not associated with increased risk of visceral metastatic disease at the time of progression compared with placebo.
Amelioration of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Signaling in Obesity-Associated Kidney Injury
Authors: Li Bin , Leung Joseph C. K. , Chan Loretta Y. Y. , Yiu Wai Han , Li Ye , Lok Sarah W. Y. , Liu Wing Han , Chan Kam Wa , Tse Hung Fat , Lai Kar Neng , Tang Sydney C. W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism suggest a critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in obesity-induced kidney injury. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine frequently featured in stem cell therapy with distinct renotropic benefits. This study aims to define the potential link between human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs)/bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and ER stress in lipotoxic kidney injury induced by palmitic acid (PA) in renal tubular cells and by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. iPS-MSCs or BM-MSCs alleviated ER stress (by preventing induction of Bip, chop, and unfolded protein response), inflammation (Il6, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2), and apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells) in renal cortex of animals exposed to HFD thus mitigating histologic damage and albuminuria, via activating HGF/c-Met paracrine signaling that resulted in enhanced HGF secretion in the glomerular compartment and c-Met expression in the tubules. Coculture experiments identified glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) to be the exclusive source of glomerular HGF when incubated with either iPS-MSCs or BM-MSCs in the presence of PA. Furthermore, both GEC-derived HGF and exogenous recombinant HGF attenuated PA-induced ER stress in cultured tubular cells, and this effect was abrogated by a neutralizing anti-HGF antibody. Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that MSCs ameliorate lipotoxic kidney injury via a novel microenvironment-dependent paracrine HGF/c-Met signaling mechanism to suppress ER stress and its downstream pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic consequences. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:898–910
Single Fe Atom on Hierarchically Porous S, N‐Codoped Nanocarbon Derived from Porphyra Enable Boosted Oxygen Catalysis for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiting , Zhang Meng , Zeng Yan , Chen Jisheng , Qiu Lingxi , Zhou Hua , Sun Chengjun , Yu Ying , Zhu Chengzhou , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIron–nitrogen–carbon materials (Fe–N–C) are known for their excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Unfortunately, they generally show a laggard oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, which results in a lethargic charging performance in rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Here porous S‐doped Fe–N–C nanosheets are innovatively synthesized utilizing a scalable FeCl3‐encapsulated‐porphyra precursor pyrolysis strategy. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits ultrahigh ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.84 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and impressive OER performance (Ej
= 10 = 1.64 V). The potential gap (ΔE = Ej
= 10 − E1/2) is 0.80 V, outperforming that of most highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts reported to date. Furthermore, the key role of S involved in the atomically dispersed Fe–Nx species on the enhanced ORR and OER activities is expounded for the first time by ultrasound‐assisted extraction of the exclusive S source (taurine) from porphyra. Moreover, the assembled rechargeable Zn–air battery comprising this bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibits higher power density (225.1 mW cm−2) and lower charging–discharging overpotential (1.00 V, 100 mA cm−2 compared to Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst). The design strategy can expand the utilization of earth‐abundant biomaterial‐derived catalysts, and the mechanism investigations of S doping on the structure–activity relationship can inspire the progress of other functional electrocatalysts.
Facile One Step Formation and Screening of Tumor Spheroids Using Droplet‐Microarray Platform
Authors: Popova Anna A. , Tronser Tina , Demir Konstantin , Haitz P. , Kuodyte Karolina , Starkuviene Vytaute , Wajda Piotr , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTumor spheroids or microtumors are important 3D in vitro tumor models that closely resemble a tumor's in vivo “microenvironment” compared to 2D cell culture. Microtumors are widely applied in the fields of fundamental cancer research, drug discovery, and precision medicine. In precision medicine tumor spheroids derived from patient tumor cells represent a promising system for drug sensitivity and resistance testing. Established and commonly used platforms for routine screenings of cell spheroids, based on microtiter plates of 96‐ and 384‐well formats, require relatively large numbers of cells and compounds, and often lead to the formation of multiple spheroids per well. In this study, an application of the Droplet Microarray platform, based on hydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterning, in combination with the method of hanging droplet, is demonstrated for the formation of highly miniaturized single‐spheroid‐microarrays. Formation of spheroids from several commonly used cancer cell lines in 100 nL droplets starting with as few as 150 cells per spheroid within 24–48 h is demonstrated. Established methodology carries a potential to be adopted for routine workflows of high‐throughput compound screening in 3D cancer spheroids or microtumors, which is crucial for the fields of fundamental cancer research, drug discovery, and precision medicine.
Competing hypotheses and abductive inference
Authors: Glass David H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the nature of competition between hypotheses and the effect of failing to model this relationship correctly when performing abductive inference. In terms of the nature of competition, the importance of the interplay between direct and indirect pathways, where the latter depends on the evidence under consideration, is investigated. Experimental results show that models which treat hypotheses as mutually exclusive or independent perform well in an abduction problem that requires identifying the most probable hypothesis, provided there is at least some positive degree of competition between the hypotheses. However, even in such cases a significant limitation of these models is their inability to identify a second hypothesis that may well also be true.
Escalating internationalization decisions: intendedly rational, but only limitedly so?
Authors: Röber Björn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Uppsala model is commonly considered to be the pivotal approach in internationalization process research and often praised as particularly realistic. Yet at least implicitly and partially, it is also built on the assumption of rationally proceeding decision makers. This article challenges the behavioral assumptions of the Uppsala model and examines whether bounded rationality in the form of escalation of commitment has an influence on internationalization decisions. It demonstrates that this particular behavioral decision-making bias can be a critical factor. Thereby, this article indicates a major shortcoming of the Uppsala model, as it shows that internationalization processes can be maintained for non-rational reasons. It becomes clear that the bounded rationality of decision makers, particularly their limited cognitive capability, presents an issue that internationalization process research, including the Uppsala model, should give greater consideration to.
The sarolga: conservation implications of genetic and visual evidence for hybridization between the brolgaAntigone rubicundaand the Australian sarus craneAntigone antigone gillae
Authors: Nevard Timothy D. , Haase Martin , Archibald George , Leiper Ian , Garnett Stephen T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo investigate the extent of suspected hybridization between the brolgaAntigone rubicundaand the Australian sarus craneAntigone antigone gillae, first noted in the 1970s, we analysed the genetic diversity of 389 feathers collected from breeding and flocking areas in north Queensland, Australia. We compared these with 15 samples from birds of known identity, or that were phenotypically typical. Bayesian clustering based on 10 microsatellite loci identified nine admixed birds, confirming that Australian cranes hybridize in the wild. Four of these were backcrosses, also confirming that wild Australian crane hybrids are fertile. Genetic analyses identified 10 times more hybrids than our accompanying visual field observations. Our analyses also provide the first definitive evidence that both brolgas and sarus cranes migrate between the Gulf Plains, the principal breeding area for sarus cranes, and major non-breeding locations on the Atherton Tablelands. We suggest that genetic analysis of shed feathers could potentially offer a cost-effective means to provide ongoing monitoring of this migration. The first observations of hybrids coincided with significantly increased opportunities for interaction between the two species when foraging on agricultural crops, which have developed significantly in the Atherton Tablelands flocking area since the 1960s. As the sarus crane is declining in much of its Asian range, challenges to the genetic integrity of the Australian sarus crane populations have international conservation significance.
In vitro efficacies of solubility-improved mebendazole derivatives against Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Xu Shuo , Duan Liping , Zhang Haobing , Xu Bin , Chen Junhu , Hu Wei , Gui Weifeng , Huang Fuqiang , Wang Xu , Dang Zhisheng , Zhao Yumin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, we introduced an epoxy group to mebendazole by a reaction with epichlorohydrin and obtained two isoforms, mebendazole C1 (M-C1) and mebendazole C2 (M-C2). The in vitro effects of mebendazole derivatives at different concentrations on Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes as well as cytotoxicity in rat hepatoma (RH) cells were examined. The results demonstrated that the solubility of the two derivatives was greatly improved compared to mebendazole. The mortality of protoscoleces in vitro reached to 70–80% after 7 days of exposure to mebendazole or M-C2, and M-C2 showed higher parasiticidal effects than mebendazole (P > 0.05). The parasiticidal effect of M-C1 was low, even at a concentration of 30 µm. The percentage of damaged metacestodes that were treated with mebendazole and M-C2 in vitro at different concentrations were similar, and M-C1 exhibited insignificant effects on metacestodes. Significant morphological changes on protoscoleces and metacestodes were observed after treatment with mebendazole and M-C2. In addition, the introduction of an epoxy group to mebendazole also reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of an epoxy group not only improved the solubility of mebendazole, but also increased its parasiticidal effects on E. multilocularis and reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells.
Psychoeducation for bipolar disorder and risk of recurrence and hospitalization – a within-individual analysis using registry data
Authors: Joas Erik , Bäckman Kristoffer , Karanti Alina , Sparding Timea , Colom Francesc , Pålsson Erik , Landén Mikael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but it is not known if the results translate into effectiveness in routine clinical practice. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder in a routine clinical setting.MethodWe identified 2819 patients with at least three registrations in the Swedish Quality Assurance Register for Bipolar Disorder. Among those, 402 had not been exposed to psychoeducation at the first visit, but received psychoeducation during any of the following registrations. Using within-individual analyses, the risk of recurrence after having received psychoeducation was compared with the risk prior to psychoeducation.ResultsIn adjusted within-individuals comparisons, periods after psychoeducation was associated with decreased risks of any recurrence [odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.42–0.78], (hypo-)manic or mixed episodes (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.76), depressive episodes (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.86), and inpatient care (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.86) relative to periods prior to psychoeducation. There was no association with rates of involuntary sectioning or suicide attempts.ConclusionsThe results suggest that psychoeducation for bipolar disorder reduces the risk of mood episodes and inpatient care also when implemented in routine clinical practice.
Predictors of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections Among Critically Ill Adult Trauma Patients
Authors: El-Masri Maher M. , Hammad Tarek A. , McLeskey Sandra W. , Joshi Manjari , Korniewicz Denise M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To identify the independent predictors of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) among critically ill adult trauma patients.Design:A prospective, cohort design was used to study patients who met predetermined inclusion criteria. Basic descriptive and univariate statistical analyses were performed to identify unadjusted predictors. A forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was then conducted to identify independent predictors of nosocomial BSI.Setting:Level I university-affiliated shock trauma center.Patients:Three hundred sixty-one critically ill adult trauma patients, 55 of whom developed nosocomial BSIs (15.2%).Results:Data analysis of 45 variables indicated that only 9 were independent predictors of nosocomial BSI: presence of a chest tube, use of immunosuppressive agents, presence of microbial resistance, length of stay, presence of preexisting infection, percentage change of serum albumin levels, patient disposition, transfusion of 10 or more units of blood, and number of central venous catheters (CVCs) for patients who had 4 or more. The classification index of the final regression model at a cut-off point of 0.5 had a specificity of 97.4%, a sensitivity of 60%, a positive predictive value of 76.7%, a negative predictive value of 93%, and an overall precision of 91%.Conclusion:In this study, only 9 variables were independent predictors of nosocomial BSI. Our findings are specific to critically ill adult trauma patients and should be interpreted within the context of this particular population.
Cost-Effectiveness of Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Transfusion Recipients
Authors: Mathoulin-Pelissier Simone , Salmi Louis-Rachid , Fialon Pierre , Salamon Roger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To choose the most cost-effective option for detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood transfusion recipients.Design:Cost-effectiveness analysis. Effectiveness was expressed as the number of HIV-1 or HCV infections detected, regardless of whether they were related to transfusion. To estimate costs, we assumed hospital insurance would cover costs related to detection and compensation, when granted.Setting:A 2,890-bed acute care teaching hospital in Bordeaux, France.Methods:Eight options were defined, from the simplest, which would be to do nothing, to a maximal approach, which would be to keep a serum sample in a serum library for a lookback and perform tests for antibody to HIV-1 and to HCV before and 3 months after transfusion. Data on probabilities and costs were taken from the literature and experiences of French hospitals.Results:The most cost-effective option was to perform viral antibody testing before transfusions (option 3), which would detect 27 infections per 1,000 patients, for an expenditure of US $1,260 per detected patient Option 6, obtaining a serum sample before transfusion and performing tests for antibody to HIV-1 and to HCV 3 months after transfusion, had a similar cost-effectiveness ratio but detected only 16 infections per 1,000 patients. Performing tests before and 3 months after transfusion (option 4), compared with option 3, would detect 1 additional infection for an additional cost of US $8,322.Conclusion:The most cost-effective options are not specific to blood transfusion recipients and might be more suited to all hospitalized patients.
Natural disturbance and soils drive diversity and dynamics of seasonal dipterocarp forest in Southern Thailand
Authors: Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Sinbumroong Aroon , Turner Benjamin L. , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 2000, we established a 24-ha plot in Peninsular Thailand to investigate how forest composition, structure and dynamics vary with spatial heterogeneity in resource availability. Detailed soil and topographic surveys were used to describe four edaphic habitats in the plot. Disturbance history was inferred from historical records and floristic analysis. The plot included &gt;119 000 trees ≥1 cm dbh in 578 species, and was recensused in 2010. Species distributions, floristic turnover, stand structure, demographic rates and biomass dynamics were strongly influenced by heterogeneity in soils, topography and disturbance history. Over 75% of species were aggregated on specific edaphic habitats leading to strong compositional turnover across the plot. Soil chemistry more strongly affected species turnover than topography. Forest with high biomass and slow dynamics occurred on well-drained, low fertility ridges. The distribution and size structure of pioneer species reflected habitat-specific differences in disturbance history. Overall, above-ground biomass (AGB) increased by 0.64 Mg ha−1 y−1, from 385 to 392 Mg ha−1, an increase that was entirely attributable to recovery after natural disturbance. Forest composition and stand structure, by reflecting local disturbance history, provide insights into the likely drivers of AGB change in forests. Predicting future changes in tropical forests requires improved understanding of how soils and disturbance regulate forest dynamics.
Les soins de longue durée aux personnes âgées: Choix d'un système clinico-administratif dans le contexte d'un réseau de soins intégrés
Authors: Dubuc Nicole , Hébert Réjean , Desrosiers Johanne , Buteau Martin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFor the past 10 years, in long-term care systems, we have witnessed the accelerated deployment of casemix management systems. A casemix is formed by clusters, defined by individual characteristics that explain similar resource use. However, certain questions regarding the development of these systems must be raised. Moreover, none of these systems was developed in the context of an integrated care organization that can track the progress of a dependent elderly person through every kind of care arrangement available—from own home, through intermediate facility, to long-term care institution. This article emphasizes the necessity of being well informed about the features of existing systems, in order to choose or develop the system that best answers the goals of a particular health care system. Finally, it underlines important elements that should be considered in each step of the development of a casemix system in this context.
An ancient and industrious place: visual geographies and urban identity in a Danish provincial town,c. 1780–1915
Authors: Schjerning Camilla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThrough the example of Danish provincial town, Odense, the article explores the role of visual culture in the construction and transformation of nineteenth-century provincial identities and placemaking in an industrial town. It demonstrates that while representations may follow certain aesthetic conventions of urban imagery and ideas of urban prestige, they both reflect and contribute to the construction and reproduction of a specific local, imagined geography; an imagined geography where initially history and nature and as time progresses signs of industriousness and in particular an infrastructure of civic culture merges into a narrative of an ancient and industrious place.