bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing Based Land Surface Temperature Analysis in Diverse Environment of Lalgudi Block
Authors: Ramachandran J. , Lalitha R. , Sivasubramanian K. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a significant climatic variable and defined as how hot the "surface" of the Earth would feel to the physical touch in a particular location. A spatial analysis of the land surface temperature with respect to different land use/cover changes is vital to evaluate the hydrological processes.
Methods: The objective of this paper is to assess the spatial variation of land surface temperature derived from thermal bands of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) by using split window algorithm.
Place and Data: The study was conducted in Lalgudi block of Trichy District, Tamil Nadu, India. The block has diverse environment like forest area, barren land, river sand bed, water bodies, dry vegetation, cultivated areas (paddy, sugarcane, banana etc.) and settlements. Landsat 8 satellite images for four selected scenes (December 2014 & January 2015 and December 2017 & January 2018) were used to estimate the LST.
Results: The spatial and temporal variation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST were estimated. The average NDVI values of cropped fields varied from 0.3 to 0.5 in all the scenes. The maximum value of LST ranging from 35 to 40°C was recorded in river sand bed. Subsequently, semi-urban settlements in the central part of Lalgudi block exhibited higher temperature ranging from 28 – 30°C. The LST of paddy crop and sugarcane was in the range of 23 to 25°C. The water bodies exhibited LST around 20°C. The coconut plantations, forest area and Prosopis juliflora showed LST value ranging from 24 – 29°C. This kind of block level monitoring studies helps in adopting suitable policies to overcome or minimize the problems triggered by increase in land surface temperature.
Using Plant Growth-promoting Fungi (PGPF), as a Biofertilizer and Biocontrol Agents against Tetranychus cucurbitacearum on Nubian Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
Authors: Hammad Rabab , Elbagory Mohssen 
Published: May 2019

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) have attracted considerable interest as biofertilizers and biocontrol due to their multiple beneficial effects on plant quantity and quality as well as their positive relationship with the ecological environment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of different concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100% from cultural filtrate of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum to induce the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (In vitro), and their ability to improve the growth dynamics of Nubian watermelon plants in field experiment during two growing summer seasons of 2017 and 2018.
In general the effect of tested concentrations of T. viride were non effective on egg deposition by adult females after five days from treatment, while in T. harzianum, the concentration 75% was the most effect than the other concentrations. Also, egg hatchability % decreased with increased of two egg age (1 – 2 day old) at treatment by concentrations 25 and 50% of both fungal. In field experiment, the test compound (vertimec) was the more effective against egg stage of spider mite T. cucurbitacearum than motile stages of both T. viride and T. harzianum treatments. Also, plants inoculated with T. harzianum showed increases in vegetative growth parameters included numbers of leaves, Leaf dry weight, stem length and numbers of branches and biochemical analysis of leaves included chlorophyll content and percentages of NPK at 30 and 60 days from sowing during both seasons compared to uninoculated control plants. Also, enzymes activities, treatment T2 (inoculated with T. viride) recorded the highest values at all growth stages, which recorded 155.77, 257.29 and 114.62 mg TPF g-1 soil day-1 for dehydrogenase and 113.79, 201.03 and 115.24 mg NH4+- N g-1 soil d-1 for urease at 30, 60 and harvest during 2017 growing season, respectively. The same trend was observed in total count of fungi during both seasons.
For fruit yield, T. viride (T2) had significantly the highest number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, fruit weight (g) and dry weight of 100 seeds (g) which recorded 1.92, 273.07, 1126 g and 16.29 g as compared to untreated control treatment, which attained 1.21, 185.08, 526.66 g and 14.41 g at 2017 season, respectively. Therefore, these results reflected to increase fruit yield (Kg/m2), seed yield (g/m2) and weight of yield (ton fed.-1) during both seasons.
Factors Contributing in Incidence and Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: Updated Mini Review
Authors: Al-Manzlawi Ashgan Mohammed K. , Abulnaja Khalid O. , Zamzami Mazin A. , Kumosani Taha A. , M. Qari , Nabil Alaama Mohammed , Aljehani Alaa Adel , Alturki Suzan Nouri , Yaghmoor Soonham S. , Moselhy Said S. 
Published: May 2019

It has been well-established that obesity is the major contributing factor forthe development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. According to WHO, 44% increase of diabetes, 23% increase of ischaemic heart disease, and between 7% and 41% increase of certain cancer are due to obesity. The Middle East region is reported to have the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults in the world. In Saudi Arabia, over 35% of the population are obese, and it is estimated that 24% of adult has diabetes including undiagnosed diabetes cases. Obesity and chronic metabolic disease associated obesity impose the heavy financial burden on national healthcare in the Gulf countries as they do in most countries worldwide. Biochemical markers for MetS included changes in trace elements, vitamin D,hormonal (adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin), inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), biochemical markers (Ox-LDL, uric acid) and prothrombic factors (PAI-1). Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary of four serine peptidase inhibitors that functions to modulate extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrinolysis. The link between PAI-1 and MetS has been established. This review screening major factors and the association between PAI-1, trace elemnts, vitamin D, obesity hormone and expression of obesity genes for early prediction of MetS for control and management to prevent late complications.
Relationship between Road Traffic Accidents and Visual Status of Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in an Urban Area of Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Pepple G. F. , Ejimadu Chibuike Sydney 
Published: May 2019

Aim: To determine the relationship between visual status of commercial motor vehicle drivers and road traffic accidents (RTA) in an urban area of Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Methods: Four hundred commercial vehicle drivers in the 10 major motor parks of Port Harcourt LGA were interviewed and examined in this study. A structured questionnaire on demographic characteristics, driving and ocular history was administered. Ocular examination included visual acuity, refraction, visual field, tonometry, colour vision test and ophthalmoscopy. The data collected was entered into computer using EPI-INFO statistical software for analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities.
Results: Seven drivers (1.8%) out of 400 drivers examined were visually impaired. There were 14 cases (3.5%) of monocular blindness. Eighteen (4.5%) were colour blind (p>0.05) while 16 (4%) had visual field defects (p>0.05). One hundred and eighty two (45.5%) drivers had been involved in RTA, out of which 2 drivers (1.1%) were visually impaired (p>0.05). Cataract found in 37 cases was the leading cause of visual impairment (42.8%). Other common ocular problems were pterygium (26.7%), presbyopia (22.9%), glaucoma (11.5%), and refractive error (8.4%).There was no statistical significant association between the ocular findings and RTA
Conclusion: Only a few of those involved in RTA were actually visually impaired. Therefore, other factors may have been responsible for the majority of the cases of the RTAs in this study necessitating the need for more research.
Structural insights into the catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms of bacterial l‐arabinose 1‐dehydrogenase
Authors: Watanabe Yasunori , Iga Chinatsu , Watanabe Yasuo , Watanabe Seiya 
Published: May 2019

In Azospirillum brasilense, a gram‐negative nitrogen‐fixing bacterium, l‐arabinose is converted to α‐ketoglutarate through a nonphosphorylative metabolic pathway. In the first step in the pathway, l‐arabinose is oxidized to l‐arabino‐γ‐lactone by NAD(P)‐dependent l‐arabinose 1‐dehydrogenase (AraDH) belonging to the glucose‐fructose oxidoreductase/inositol dehydrogenase/rhizopine catabolism protein (Gfo/Idh/MocA) family. Here, we determined the crystal structures of apo‐ and NADP‐bound AraDH at 1.5 and 2.2 Å resolutions, respectively. A docking model of l‐arabinose and NADP‐bound AraDH and structure‐based mutational analyses suggest that Lys91 or Asp169 serves as a catalytic base and that Glu147, His153, and Asn173 are responsible for substrate recognition. In particular, Asn173 may play a role in the discrimination between l‐arabinose and d‐xylose, the C4 epimer of l‐arabinose.
Characterization and validation of an intra‐fraction motion management system for masked‐based radiosurgery
Authors: Knutson Nels C. , Hawkins Brad J. , Bollinger Douglas , Goddu S. Murty , Kavanaugh James A. , Santanam Lakshmi , Mitchell Timothy J. , Zoberi Jacqueline E. , Tsien Christina , Huang Jiayi , Robinson Clifford G. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Rich Keith M. , Dunn Gavin P. , Mutic Sasa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeCharacterize the intra‐fraction motion management (IFMM) system found on the Gamma Knife Icon (GKI), including spatial accuracy, latency, temporal performance, and overall effect on delivered dose.MethodsA phantom was constructed, consisting of a three‐axis translation mount, a remote motorized flipper, and a thermoplastic sphere surrounding a radiation detector. An infrared marker was placed on the translation mount secured to the flipper. The spatial accuracy of the IFMM was measured via the translation mount in all Cartesian planes. The detector was centered at the radiation focal point. A remote signal was used to move the marker out of the IFMM tolerance and pause the beam. A two‐channel electrometer was used to record the signals from the detector and the flipper when motion was signaled. These signals determined the latency and temporal performance of the GKI.ResultsThe spatial accuracy of the IFMM was found to be <0.1 mm. The measured latency was <200 ms. The dose difference with five interruptions was <0.5%.ConclusionThis work provides a quantitative characterization of the GKI IFMM system as required by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This provides a methodology for GKI users to satisfy these requirements using common laboratory equipment in lieu of a commercial solution.
Hydrothermally Treated SnO2 as the Electron Transport Layer in High‐Efficiency Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with a Certificated Efficiency of 17.3%
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Gao Jishu , Chen Wei , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising solar energy conversion technologies owing to their rapidly developing power conversion efficiency (PCE). Low‐temperature solution processing of the perovskite layer enables the fabrication of flexible devices. However, their application has been greatly hindered due to the lack of strategies to fabricate high‐quality electron transport layers (ETLs) at the low temperatures (≈100 °C) that most flexible plastic substrates can withstand, leading to poor performances for flexible PSCs. In this work, through combining the spin‐coating process with a hydrothermal treatment method, ligand‐free and highly crystalline SnO2 ETLs are successfully fabricated at low temperature. The flexible PSCs based on this SnO2 ETL exhibit an excellent PCE of 18.1% (certified 17.3%). The flexible PSCs maintained 85% of the initial PCE after 1000 bending cycles and over 90% of the initial PCE after being stored in ambient air for 30 days without encapsulation. The investigation reveals that hydrothermal treatment not only promotes the complete removal of organic surfactants coated onto the surface of the SnO2 nanoparticles by hot water vapor but also enhances crystallization through the high vapor pressure of water, leading to the formation of high‐quality SnO2 ETLs.
Solid‐State Plastic Crystal Electrolytes: Effective Protection Interlayers for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Changhong , Adair Keegan R. , Liang Jianwen , Li Xiaona , Sun Yipeng , Li Xia , Wang Jiwei , Sun Qian , Zhao Feipeng , Lin Xiaoting , Li Ruying , Huang Huan , Zhang Li , Yang Rong , Lu Shigang , Sun Xueliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) have attracted significant attention due to their superior safety and high energy density. However, little success has been made in adopting Li metal anodes in sulfide electrolyte (SE)‐based ASSLMBs. The main challenges are the remarkable interfacial reactions and Li dendrite formation between Li metal and SEs. In this work, a solid‐state plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE) is engineered as an interlayer in SE‐based ASSLMBs. It is demonstrated that the PCE interlayer can prevent the interfacial reactions and lithium dendrite formation between SEs and Li metal. As a result, ASSLMBs with LiFePO4 exhibit a high initial capacity of 148 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 131 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1), which remains at 122 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at 0.5 C. All‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries based on the polyacrylonitrile‐sulfur composite are also demonstrated, showing an initial capacity of 1682 mAh g−1. The second discharge capacity of 890 mAh g−1 keeps at 775 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. This work provides a new avenue to address the interfacial challenges between Li metal and SEs, enabling the successful adoption of Li metal in SE‐based ASSLMBs with high energy density.
Two‐Dimensional Magnets: Forgotten History and Recent Progress towards Spintronic Applications
Authors: Cortie David L. , Causer Grace L. , Rule Kirrily C. , Fritzsche Helmut , Kreuzpaintner Wolfgang , Klose Frank 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of 2D magnetic order in van der Waals materials has stimulated a renaissance in the field of atomically thin magnets. This has led to promising demonstrations of spintronic functionality such as tunneling magnetoresistance. The frantic pace of this emerging research, however, has also led to some confusion surrounding the underlying phenomena of phase transitions in 2D magnets. In fact, there is a rich history of experimental precedents beginning in the 1960s with quasi‐2D bulk magnets and progressing to the 1980s using atomically thin sheets of elemental metals. This review provides a holistic discussion of the current state of knowledge on the three distinct families of low‐dimensional magnets: quasi‐2D, ultrathin films, and van der Waals crystals. It highlights the unique opportunities presented by the latest implementation in van der Waals materials. By revisiting the fundamental insights from the field of low‐dimensional magnetism, this review highlights factors that can be used to enhance material performance. For example, the limits imposed on the critical temperature by the Mermin–Wagner theorem can be escaped in three separate ways: magnetocrystalline anisotropy, long‐range interactions, and shape anisotropy. Several recent experimental reports of atomically thin magnets with Curie temperatures above room temperature are highlighted.
Curvature‐Controlled Wrinkling Surfaces for Friction
Authors: Yuan Haozhi , Wu Kai , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Yaqiang , Liu Gang , Sun Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTopographical patterns endow material surfaces with unique and intriguing physical and chemical properties. Spontaneously formed wrinkling has been harnessed to generate surface topography for various functionalities. Despite promising applications in biomedical devices and robot engineering, the friction behavior of wrinkling on curved surfaces remains unclear. Herein, wrinkled surfaces are induced by sputtering metals on soft polymer microspheres. The wrinkle morphologies and length scales can be controlled precisely by tailoring the microsphere radius (substrate curvature) and film thickness. The wrinkled surfaces exhibit controlled friction property, depending on the wrinkling patterns and length scales. An increase in friction force with increasing surface roughness is generally found for dimple patterns and labyrinth patterns. The dimple patterns show the lowest friction due to strong curvature constraint. The herringbone patterns exhibit apparent friction anisotropy with respect to topographic orientation. These results will guide future design of wrinkled surfaces for friction by harnessing substrate curvature.
MOFBOTS: Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Biomedical Microrobots
Authors: Wang Xiaopu , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Alcântara Carlos C. J. , Sevim Semih , Hoop Marcus , Terzopoulou Anastasia , de Marco Carmela , Hu Chengzhi , de Mello Andrew J. , Falcaro Paolo , Furukawa Shuhei , Nelson Bradley J. , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Pané Salvador 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMotile metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are potential candidates to serve as small‐scale robotic platforms for applications in environmental remediation, targeted drug delivery, or nanosurgery. Here, magnetic helical microstructures coated with a kind of zinc‐based MOF, zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), with biocompatibility characteristics and pH‐responsive features, are successfully fabricated. Moreover, it is shown that this highly integrated multifunctional device can swim along predesigned tracks under the control of weak rotational magnetic fields. The proposed systems can achieve single‐cell targeting in a cell culture media and a controlled delivery of cargo payloads inside a complex microfluidic channel network. This new approach toward the fabrication of integrated multifunctional systems will open new avenues in soft microrobotics beyond current applications.
Quaternary Ammonium Salt Based NIR‐II Probes for In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Qu Chunrong , Xiao Yuling , Zhou Hui , Ding Bingbing , Li Anguo , Lin Jiacheng , Zeng Xiaodong , Chen Hao , Qian Kun , Zhang Xiao , Fang Wei , Wu Junzhu , Deng Zixin , Cheng Zhen , Hong Xuechuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTraditional luminescent materials including fluorescent probes suffer from notorious aggregation‐caused quenching in aqueous solutions. Although several approaches such as the aggregation‐induced emission effect have been developed, it remains a significant challenge to identify an effective and efficient strategy to resolve this issue. Herein, quaternary ammonium saltsQ8PBnandQ8PNapas a novel class of bright near infrared window II (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) probes are designed and synthesized, and the twisted intramolecular charge transfer formation at the excited state can be effectively suppressed for the newly designed probes. Furthermore,Q8PNapcomplexation with fetal bovine serum (Q8PNap/FBS) significantly increases the quantum yield by ≈32‐fold compared with PEGylated tertiary amineQ8P, andQ8PNap/FBS is successfully used to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of hind limb vasculature, lymphatic system, and small tumor metastasis, as well as precise NIR‐II imaging‐guided tumor and lymph node surgery in small animal models for the first time.
Visible‐Light Mediated Photooxidative Synthesis of α‐Keto Amides
Authors: Monga Aparna , Pandey Amar Prakash , Sharma Anuj 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic amidation of α‐keto aldehydes is herein investigated. This transformation was achieved using rose bengal as photocatalyst at room temperature under ambient air and under irradiation of a 20 W white LED bulb. The method is mild, efficient and environmentally benign. This photocatalytic method is compatible with different unsubstituted and substituted α‐keto aldehydes having electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups, secondary amines, cyclic or acyclic, and primary aliphatic amines. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds via oxidative quenching of the photocatalyst.magnified image
Effects of Orientations on Efficiency of Energy Harvesting from Heart Motion Using Ultrathin Flexible Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Lü Chaofeng , Lu Bingwei , Feng Xue , Wang Ji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHarvesting biomechanical energy from the heart motion with flexible piezoelectric transducers to power implantable devices has attracted much attention in recent years. In vivo animal experiments have shown that the output power of flexible device depends heavily on the patching orientations. In this paper, an electromechanical model with the effects of myocardial fiber is developed to better understand the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and therefore to choose optimal patching orientations for energy harvesting. Theoretical output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester under the heart motion in one cardiac cycle is calculated, and the voltage amplitudes of the harvester with varied patching orientations are compared with the experimental measurements. It is found that the output voltage amplitudes are generally the cosine function of the angle between patching orientation of the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) and the fiber orientation of the epicardium. The results may serve as a guideline to determine the optimal patching orientation of flexible PEHs mounted on surfaces of fiber structure.
Facile Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)–Based Acceptors with Fine‐Tuned Optoelectronic Properties: Toward Efficient Additive‐Free Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Bin , Koh Chang Woo , Zhou Xin , Sun Huiliang , Yu Jianwei , Yang Kun , Wang Hang , Liao Qiaogan , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with extended π‐conjugated cores (from naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, to perylene) are incorporated into nonfullerene acceptors for the first time. Four different fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs), i.e., DTN‐IC‐2Ph, DTA‐IC‐3Ph, DTP‐IC‐4Ph, and DTPy‐IC‐5Ph, are prepared via simple and facile synthetic procedures, yielding a remarkable platform to study the structure–property relationship for nonfullerene solar cells. With the PAH core being extended systematically, the gradually redshifted absorption with enhanced molar extinction coefficient (ε) is realized, the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital is up‐shifted, and the electron mobility is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the solubility decreases and the molecular packing becomes strengthened. As a result, with an optimized combination of these characteristics, DTP‐IC‐4Ph attains good solubility, high molar extinction coefficient, complementary absorption, suitable morphology, well‐matched energy levels, as well as efficient charge dissociation and transport in blend film. Consequently, the DTP‐IC‐4Ph‐based solar cells with a donor polymer, poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PBDB‐T) exhibit a promising power conversion efficiency of 10.37% without any additives, which is close to the best performance achieved in additive‐free nonfullerene solar cells (NFSCs). The results demonstrate that the PAH building blocks have great potential for the construction of novel FREAs for efficient additive‐free NFSCs.