bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Balance Study of Plasmapheresis in a Case of Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: SKOOG WILLIAM A. , ADAMS WILLIAM S. , COBURN JACK W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A metabolic balance study was undertaken to evaluate the results of plasmapheresis in a case of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with an associated cryoglobulinemia. Balances of nitrogen, P, Ca, Cl, and Na and K were carried out. Additional observations were made on serum and urinary protein and uric acid. After a control period of 15 days, the subject was bled 500 cc. per day for 15 days. The plasma was separated by centrifugation and erythrocytes reinfused. A total of 500 Gm. of protein in 5,700 cc. of plasma were removed by this technic. A final control period was continued for 10 days. Plasmapheresis was observed to lower the abnormal plasma protein fraction from 7.5 Gm. per cent to 4.5 Gm. per cent whereas the concentrations of the other plasma proteins remained unchanged. By the last day of the final control period, however, the abnormal protein concentration had risen to preplasmapheresis levels. The patient’s pronounced retinal venous dilatation and "sausage" segmentation were less marked at the end of the plasmapheresis period. The negative nitrogen balance during plasmapheresis was rapidly counteracted by diminished urinary nitrogen excretion. At the same time, urinary protein excretion also fell. Na and Cl urinary excretion responded similarly to that of nitrogen. P and K balances were slightly negative during plasmapheresis, probably reflecting tissue breakdown. Ca balance remained in equilibrium and urinary uric acid levels were unchanged. The study demonstrated that the elevated plasma paraprotein levels in a case of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia may be lowered by plasmapheresis. Preplasmapheresis levels were rapidly reestablished following discontinuance of the procedure.
Changes in the Group A Antigen in a Case of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: BARTOVA ADELA , NOVOTNY Z. , SLEPICKA J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The authors describe a case of acute leukemia in a man of 36 years. During the course of his illness, a change in the agglutinability of the red cells was observed. The cells, originally A1, changed continuously so that in some samples it was possible to detect as many as three populations of red cells, namely, A1, weak A, and so-called non-A. In the course of the illness, fluctuations in the numbers of these cells in the whole population could be observed.
2. The clinical course and the results of detailed isoserologic examinations are presented.
3. Possible causes of these changes are discussed: (a) Somatic mutation; (b) chromosome abnormalities; (c) metabolic changes of the hemopoietic tissue.
Histology of Platelet-Plasma Clots from Normal Subjects and Patients with Abnormal Coagulation
Authors: JAMES THOMAS N. , JOHNSON SHIRLEY A. , MONTO RAYMOND W. , DIAB GEORGE , CALDWELL JUNE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microscopic study of platelet-plasma clots has demonstrated certain structural defects in clots from patients with diseases manifest by abnormal coagulation. Abnormally formed clots were found from patients with polycythemia vera, macroglobulinemia, Christmas disease, AC-globulin deficiency and fibrinolytic syndrome. Some of the problems imposed by the method are discussed.
LECITHIN AND THE ERYTHROCYTE FACTOR IN THE BLOOD SEDIMENTATION PHENOMENON
Authors: HIRSCHBOECK JOHN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The erythrocyte factor in the blood sedimentation phenomenon is not influenced by changes in size or shape of the erythrocytes unless the surface is altered by a hemolytic agent.
2. The erythrocyte factor varies considerably in health and disease. It is depleted when blood is stored under refrigeration.
3. Egg lecithin emulsions and particles of cinnabar covered with lecithin are flocculated by gelatin solutions. The phenomenon is similar to the formation of rouleaux in gelatin solutions.
4. An attempt to explain rouleau formation as a flocculation reaction between plasma proteins and the lecitho-protein surface of the erythrocyte is made.
Evidence for Folic Acid Deficiency in the Genesis of Anemic Sickle Cell Crisis
Authors: PIERCE LAWRENCE E. , RATH CHARLES E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two cases are presented of sickle cell anemia demonstrating evidence of folic acid deficiency during a period of anemic crisis.
One patient had acute hypoplastic crisis associated with megaloblastic erythropoiesis not in conjunction with acute infection, dietary inadequacy, gastrointestinal malabsorption or chronic alcoholism. An increased excretion of urinary formiminoglutamic acid of 8.8 µM/hr. after histidine stimulation was observed in association with more severe anemia than had been noted previously during nine years observation. Prompt reticulocytosis and rise in hematocrit to previous levels occurred when 1 mg. oral daily folic acid was administered. Improvement was accompanied by a fall in FIGlu excretion to normalcy. Since the observation of folic acid responsiveness in this patient, it has not been necessary to transfuse him for a period in excess of 15 months whereas his previous average requirement approached one unit each month for the past seven and one-half years.
A second patient demonstrated increased formiminoglutamicaciduria coincident with anemic sickle cell crisis following bilateral bronchopneumonia with pulmonary thrombosis. There was a beneficial hematologic response to oral folic acid supplementation in physiologic doses. Previously determined control urinary FIGlu levels had been within normal limits.
Increased urinary FIGlu has been observed in five additional sickle cell patients not in anemic crisis. One of these (V. K.) was tested for sensitivity to higher dosage levels of folic acid (5 mg. each day) without improvement.
Low levels of FIGlu-like material persisted in some patients with sickle cell anemia after treatment with folic acid. Indirect evidence would indicate that this material is urocanic acid and may be related to the chronic liver dysfunction frequently present in sickle cell disease.
Evidence has been presented which indicates that folic acid may be a limiting factor in the development of and recovery from anemic sickle cell crisis.
Mitotic Activity in Vitro of Erythroblasts Previously Exposed to Erythropoietin
Authors: MATOTH YEHUDA , KAUFMANN LILY , Hershkowitz Edith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferative activity of rabbit erythroblasts previously exposed to erythropoietin was studied in clot cultures containing colchicine.
Erythroblasts exposed to erythropoietin in vivo (in the anemic animal) or in vitro (by shaking with anemic serum) showed high mitotic rates when subsequently cultured in an erythropoietin poor medium.
These findings indicate that erythropoietin is taken up by erythroblasts from serum. Intracellular erythropoietin stimulates erythroblasts to increased mitotic activity. The direct effect of erythropoietin on the ability of erythroblasts to proliferate constitutes a mechanism by which erythropoietin regulates erythropoiesis.
Glutathione Instability in Normal Blood
Authors: DESFORGES JANE F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies have been carried out in vitro to determine whether normal erythrocytes may be made to appear glutathione unstable. Results demonstrate that constant agitation in air or oxygen will cause a drop in reduced glutathione upon incubation of normal blood with an oxidant drug in concentrations which have no significant effect during quiet incubation.
The results are consistent with the fact that drug-induced hemolysis may be seen in nonsensitive individuals and that sensitive individuals may have a mild hemolytic state without exogenous drug.
Hemoglobin Zürich. I. A New Hemoglobin Anomaly Associated with Acute Hemolytic Episodes with Inclusion Bodies after Sulfonamide Therapy
Authors: FRICK PAUL G. , HITZIG WALTER H. , BETKE KLAUS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new abnormal hemoglobin was observed in 15 members over four generations of a large Swiss family and has been termed "Hemoglobin Zürich." The discovery of this hemoglobin was prompted by a severe hemolytic crisis in two members of the family after sulfonamide therapy. During this episode, virtually all erythrocytes and reticulocytes contained a single large inclusion body which was visible with Giemsa and brilliant cresyl blue stains. Outside the hemolytic episode, the erythrocytes revealed no morphologic abnormalities. The results of enzyme studies were all within normal limits. The association of a hemoglobinopathy with a drug-induced inclusion body anemia without any demonstrable enzyme defect is a new entity. The anomalous hemoglobin is inherited as a dominant character and affects both sexes. Thus far, only the heterozygous form has been observed.
Hemoglobin Zürich. II. Physicochemical Properties of the Abnormal Hemoglobin
Authors: BACHMANN FEDOR , MARTI HANS R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The physicochemical properties of Hgb Zürich were investigated. This new hemoglobin is characterized by an electrophoretic mobility between Hgb A and Hgb S at pH 8.6. Similarly it runs between Hgb A and Hgb S on amberlite IRC 50 and on carboxymethylcellulose chromatography. Fingerprints of the tryptic digests revealed three unusual peptides; their existence may be explained by the replacement of one histidyl group by an arginyl group in peptides 20, 21 of the β-chain. At 70 C. Hgb Zürich is destroyed three times faster than Hgb A. The erythrocytes and hemolysates of Hgb Zürich carriers show an increased tendency to form methemoglobin. When incubated with acetylphenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes behave like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient red cells. Carriers of Hgb Zürich tend to develop severe hemolysis after the ingestion of primaquine and a variety of sulfonamides. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glutathione stability and methemoglobin reduction tests have been found normal.
Inhomogeneity of Hemoglobin. VI. The Minor Hemoglobin Components of Cord Blood
Authors: HORTON BENNETT F. , THOMPSON ROBERT B. , DOZY ANDREE M. , NECHTMAN CARL M. , NICHOLS EVAN , HUISMAN TITUS H. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a survey of over 300 cord bloods of Negro babies, some 54 cases were selected at random to study the occurrence of the minor hemoglobin components Hb-Bart’s, Hb-H, and Hb-A2. The relationship of these components to Hb-F is discussed. Seven cases with moderate amounts of Hb-Bart’s and Hb-H were studied more intensively, along with the respective parents when possible. The findings suggest the absence of expression beyond infancy of any abnormality responsible for α chain-lacking hemoglobin types of cord blood.
The physiology of Hb-Bart’s reveals its high oxygen affinity to be approximately 8-10 times that of Hb-A, its lack of a Bohr effect and an oxygen dissociation curve showing no heme-heme interaction.
The discovery of a minute amount of a Hb-Gower II-like component in a cord blood sample of a prematurely born white baby of 7.5 months is also presented.
The Intercellular Substances of Bone Marrow. II. Variations in Granulocytic and in Erythrocytic Hyperplasia
Authors: CARTER ROBERT E. , JACKSON WILLIAM L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbits were injected with turpentine to produce granulocytic marrow hyperplasia, or were bled to produce erythrocytic marrow hyperplasia. Both granulocytic and erythrocytic marrow hyperplasia were associated with decreased marrow lipid content. The viscosity of the intercellular substances and the mucopolysaccharide content of this material were significantly increased in granulocytic marrow hyperplasia. in erythrocytic marrow hyperplasia, the viscosity of the intercellular substances was markedly reduced, while the mucopolysaccharide content was slightly elevated compared with control animals.
Clinical Evaluation of an in Vitro Test for Radiosensitivity of Leukemic Lymphocytes
Authors: SCHREK ROBERT , LEITHOLD STANLEY L. , FRIEDMAN IRVING A. , BEST WILLIAM R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A recently developed slide-chamber method was used to test the radiosensitivity of blood lymphocytes from 80 patients with chronic lymphocytic or lymphosarcoma-cell leukemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether these in vitro tests on sensitivity to x-rays had any clinical significance.
Two objective criteria were used to measure the clinical reactions of the leukemic patients. The first was the duration of survival of patients following the in vitro test. The second was the minimal leukocyte count of a patient following x-ray therapy; the minimal count was expressed as a percentage of the count before therapy.
The in vitro radiosensitivity was measured by the 10 per cent survival time of lymphocytes irradiated with 1000 r. Blood lymphocytes from non-leukemic individuals were highly radiosensitive with indices of 1.1 to 2.2 days. In initial tests, the lymphocytes of 61 leukemic patients had the same high sensitivity to x-rays as lymphocytes from non-leukemic individuals. In contrast, the lymphocytes of 19 leukemic patients were radioresistant to irradiation with indices of 2.5 to 11 days.
The 61 patients with radiosensitive lymphocytes had a median survival time of 22 months after the in vitro test. In contrast, the 19 patients with radioresistant lymphocytes had a median survival time of only 4 months. Clinical x-ray therapy caused a greater decline in leukocyte counts in patients with radiosensitive lymphocytes than in those with radioresistant cells.
A significant index of 0.60 was obtained for the correlation of in vitro radiosensitivity of lymphocytes and the in vivo decrease in leukocyte counts of patients after x-ray therapy.
It is concluded that an in vitro finding of radioresistant lymphocytes is correlated with a poor response of the leukocyte count to x-ray therapy and a short survival time of the patient.
A Simple Method for Detection of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G-6-PD Spot Test)
Authors: FAIRBANKS VIRGIL F. , BEUTLER ERNEST 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described for detection of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, based upon the reduction of the tetrazolium dye, MTT, by reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide. The method is highly reliable and correlates well with established methods of enzyme assay. The test is sufficiently simple to perform that it may be done in any routine clinical laboratory or physician’s office. The reagents may be prepared in mailable, stable form at minimal expense.
Blood Coagulation and Vascular Integrity: Effects of Heparin
Authors: YOSHIMURA HIROKO , DJERASSI ISAAC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The administration of large and repeated doses of heparin to normal rats resulted in increased output of red blood cells into the lymph, comparable to that associated with x-ray induced thrombocytopenia. A considerable lapse of time was observed between the inhibition of blood coagulation and the increase of vascular permeability to red blood cells. The latter was not decreased by return of the blood clotting to normal.
Döhle Bodies and Other Granulocytic Alterations during Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide
Authors: ITOGA TAKASHI , LASZLO JOHN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Morphologic alterations following cyclophosphamide chemotherapy have been described in 25 patients having different types of malignant disease. Significant findings included: 1) An increased number of Döhle bodies in the granulocytes of untreated patients with cancer. 2) A marked increase in the number of Döhle bodies during therapy, approaching normality during the second and third month following initiation of chemotherapy. 3) A "shift to the left" of nuclear maturation during the initial stages of chemotherapy and a return toward normal in a manner similar to that seen with Döhle bodies. 4) The appearance of coarse cytoplasmic granulation in all leukocytes, and of giant platelets during chemotherapy.
The presence of Döhle bodies, nuclear immaturity, "toxic" cytoplasmic granulation, and giant platelets may indicate, at least in some measure, a general metabolic disturbance of the hematopoietic system.
Congenital Orotic Aciduria: Demonstration of an Enzyme Defect in Leukocytes and Comparison with Drug-induced Orotic Aciduria
Authors: FALLON HAROLD J. , LOTZ MYRON , SMITH LLOYD H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Leukocytes from presumed heterozygotes of congenital orotic aciduria have been found to exhibit a partial defect in the metabolism of orotic acid. In disrupted cell preparations, orotidylic decarboxylase activity was reduced. Assay of orotidylic pyrophosphorylase activity proved to be unsatisfactory in leukocyte preparations.
2. Orotic aciduria and orotidinuria were produced by the administration of 6-azauridine to patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. This drug-induced impairment of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis has been compared to the genetically determined disorder.
3. A summary of enzymatic defects previously demonstrated in hemic cells in human genetic disorders has been presented.
Afibrinogenemia and Thrombocytopenia in Guinea Pigs Following Injection of Echis Colorata Venom
Authors: RECHNIC JADWIGA , TRACHTENBERG POLA , CASPER JULIAN , MOROZ CHAJA , DE VRIES ANDRÉ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intravenous injection into the guinea pig of lethal doses of Echis colorata venom or of each of its two chromatographic fractions, separately, caused hemorrhage, afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia. Sublethal venom doses caused afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia in the absence of hemorrhage.
Early intravascular clotting was observed following injection of high lethal doses of both whole venom and of procoagulant-containing fraction II, but not of fraction I which was devoid of procoagulant activity.
The afibrinogenemia produced by fraction I was due to its fibrinogenolysin, whereas the afibrinogenemia produced by fraction II, which also had fibrinogenolytic activity, was due chiefly to its procoagulant.
Anti-Echis colorata venom rabbit serum inhibited the fibrinogenolytic, the procoagulant and the thrombocytopenic activities of the venom.
The Red Cell Chromium Elution Rate in Patients with Some Hematologic Diseases
Authors: CLINE MARTIN J. , BERLIN NATHANIEL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The erythrocyte Cr51 elution rate was determined in 38 patients with hematologic diseases.
2. In four patients with finite red cell life spans, two exponential Cr51 elution rate constants could be calculated. In the remaining 34 patients, the data were consistent with a single exponential elution rate constant from day 1 to day 30-40 following Cr51 administration.
3. The single elution rate varied from 0.62 to 2.27 per cent per day.
4. In two patients, the chromium elution rates determined on two separate occasions were not significantly different. In a third individual, the chromium elution rate constant was 0.75 per cent per day when the red cell life span was 66 days and 1.07 per cent per day when red cell life span was 79 days.
Infusion of Marrow in the Mouse and Dog after Thio-TEPA
Authors: LOCHTE H. L. , KASAKURA S. , KARETZKY M. , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. , THOMAS E. DONNALL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In mice and in dogs, the usefulness of infusions of marrow in reducing the toxicity of thio-TEPA is limited to a very narrow range of dose of drug in which prompt restoration of hematopoiesis seems critical to survival. Below this range, control animals recover spontaneously; above this range, damage to other organ systems precludes survival.
Differentiation between Vitamin B12—deficient and Folic Acid—deficient Megaloblastic Anemias with C14—Histidine
Authors: FISH MATHEWS B. , POLLYCOVE MYRON , FEICHTMEIR THOMAS V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intermediary metabolism of the monocarbon pool and histidine in normal subjects and patients with megaloblastic anemia was studied by continuous measurement of pulmonary excretion of C14O2 and urinary excretion of C14 after injection of L-histidine-2(ring)-C14. Cumulative pulmonary and renal excretion of C14 for 1 month by two normal subjects approximates 45 per cent of the amount injected. Within 4 months after injection of the dose used in this study, the resultant average tissue radiation decreases below the average natural terrestrial and cosmic radiation level.
Simultaneous determination of two parameters, (1) cumulative 1-hour pulmonary C14 excretion and (2) the time of occurrence of maximum C14O2specific activity (Tmax), may permit rapid and unequivocal differentiation between folic acid deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia. Folio acid deficiency results in marked diminution of pulmonary C14 excretion (approximately 0.1 per cent of injection C14 in 1 hour) and marked prolongation of C14O2-specific activity Tmax (approximately 3 hours), while both parameters are normal (approximately 1 per cent and less than 1 hour, respectively) in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia.
Measurement during periods of reticulocyte response to either folio acid or vitamin B12 demonstrate normal C14O2-specific activity Tmax but decreased pulmonary C14 excretion. These observations suggest that prolongation of C14O2-specific activity Tmax is a sensitive index of folic acid deficiency or block and that if Tmax is normal, pulmonary C14 excretion is a sensitive index of the relative partition of the active monocarbon pool between pathways for oxidation and pathways for nucleic acid synthesis.
This type of breath analysis seems to provide a quantitative dynamic representation of metabolic function which may be particularly useful in differentiating between the alterations of intermediary metabolism that occur in patients with folic acid-deficient megaloblastic anemia and in patients with vitamin B12-deficient megaloblastic anemia.
Evaluation of the Anemia of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ROBERTS FRANK D. , HAGEDORN ALBERT B. , SLOCUMB CHARLES H. , OWEN CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-six patients with active rheumatoid arthritis in whom anemia was slight were investigated, in part with radioiron and radiochromium, for abnormalities which might lead to anemia.
The primary defect appeared to be a pronounced reduction of ability to absorb iron from the intestinal tract. There was an equally marked reduction in the serum concentration of iron which could not be attributed to the slight reduction in the iron-binding capacity of the serum. Despite the reduction level of iron in the serum, the apparent turnover of iron was so rapid that the total clearance per day was normal or moderately elevated. However, the fraction of the iron cleared from the blood and appearing in the circulation in newly synthesized erythrocytes was slighfly depressed. Erythrocyte survival was normal or very slightly shortened; hemolysis seems to play no important role. The fecal excretion of radioiron, not associated with erythrocytes, was greatly increased in two patients in whom there was no evidence of intestinal bleeding. A moderate increase in plasma vohime was common.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Associated with Hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: ROSENTHAL ROBERT L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study of 17 cases further establishes acute promyelocytic leukemia with hypofibrinogenemia as a distinct entity. This disease has a rapid course characterized by severe hemorrhagic manifestations and a poor response to therapy. The distinctive features of this disease are the presence of abnormal promyelocytic cells in the bone marrow and an unexplained hypofibrinogenemia. No fibrinolysin could be demonstrated in our cases. Fibrinogen and coagulation studies in patients with other acute leukemias are presented.