bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Military Status on Cognitive Processing Therapy Outcomes in the Community
Authors: Dillon Kirsten H. , LoSavio Stefanie T. , Henry Teague R. , Murphy Robert A. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMilitary‐affiliated individuals (i.e., active duty personnel and veterans) exhibit high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although existing evidence‐based treatments for PTSD, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT), have demonstrated effectiveness with military‐affiliated patients, there is evidence to suggest these individuals do not benefit as much as civilians. However, few studies have directly compared the effects of PTSD treatment between civilian and military‐affiliated participants. The current study compared treatment outcomes of military‐affiliated and civilian patients receiving CPT. Participants with PTSD who were either civilians (n = 136) or military‐affiliated (n = 63) received CPT from community‐based providers in training for CPT. Results indicated that military‐affiliated participants were equally likely to complete treatment, Log odds ratio (OR) = 0.14, p = .648. Although military‐affiliated participants exhibited reductions in PTSD, B = −2.53, p < .001; and depression symptoms, B = −0.65, p < .001, they experienced smaller reductions in symptoms relative to civilians: B = 1.15, p = .015 for PTSD symptoms and B = 0.29, p = .029 for depression symptoms. Furthermore, variability estimates indicated there was more variability in providers’ treatment of military‐affiliated versus civilian participants (i.e., completion rates and symptom reduction). These findings suggest that military‐affiliated patients can be successfully retained in trauma‐focused treatment in the community at the same rate as civilian patients, and they significantly improve in PTSD and depression symptoms although not as much as civilians. These findings also highlight community providers’ variability in treatment of military‐affiliated patients, providing support for more military‐cultural training.
Effects on white‐tailed deer following eastern coyote colonization
Authors: Bragina Eugenia V. , Kays Roland , Hody Allison , Moorman Christopher E. , Deperno Christopher S. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe expansion or recovery of predators can affect local prey populations. Since the 1940s, coyotes (Canis latrans) have expanded into eastern North America where they are now the largest predator and prey on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, their effect on deer populations remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that coyotes, as a novel predator, would affect deer population dynamics across large spatial scales, and the strongest effects would occur after a time lag following initial coyote colonization that allows for the predator populations to grow. We evaluated deer population trends from 1981 to 2014 in 384 counties of 6 eastern states in the United States with linear mixed models. We included deer harvest data as a proxy for deer relative abundance, years since coyote arrival in a county as a proxy of coyote abundance, and landscape and climate covariates to account for environmental effects. Overall, deer populations in all states experienced positive population growth following coyote arrival. Time since coyote arrival was not a significant predictor in any deer population models and our results indicate that coyotes are not controlling deer populations at a large spatial scale in eastern North America. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Disparities in impact of nasopharyngeal cancer: An analysis of global health burden
Authors: Ramsey Tam , Hojjat Houmehr , Yuhan Brian , Svider Peter F. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. , Raza Syed Naweed , Fribley Andrew M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesNasopharyngeal carcinoma has a unique worldwide racial and geographic distribution. Our objective was to evaluate socioeconomic disparities in the burden of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) between endemic and nonendemic regions.MethodsTo demonstrate trends regarding societal burden of NPC and socioeconomic development, national disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) rates and human development indices (HDI) between 1990 and 2015 were evaluated. Countries were divided based on the endemic versus nonendemic presence of NPC and further analyzed by HDI status as specified by the United Nations Development Program. Gini coefficients and concentration index were used to evaluate global equality in NPC burden over this period.ResultsAge‐standardized DALYs dropped from 36.1 in 1990 to 26.5 in 2015 (26.6% decline) (r = −0.991, P < 0.001). Lower socioeconomic countries harbored greater NPC burden upon controlling by endemic and nonendemic regions, as demonstrated by progressively negative concentration indexes. Health inequality was greater in nonendemic countries than in endemic countries (P < 0.01).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate socioeconomic‐related changes in NPC burden using statistical tools such as the Gini coefficient and concentration index. Although the burden of NPC has steadily decreased, there remain persistent inequalities associated with socioeconomic disparities. Nasopharyngeal cancer burden is more pronounced in countries with lower HDI. Our results reinforce the importance of increasing resources for developing countries and continuing inquiry into the screening, diagnosis, and management of NPC.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:2482–2486, 2019
Sistrunk centennial: Evolution of a classic operation
Authors: Isaacson Glenn 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo trace the evolution of the Sistrunk procedure.Study DesignHistorical review.MethodsWe reviewed historical materials in the English, French, and German literature including journal articles, book chapters, genealogical sources, and obituaries to identify the emerging concepts leading to the Sistrunk operation. These included references to the embryology of the thyroid and of the branchial apparatus as well as incremental advances in the surgical management of midline congenital cervical cysts and fistulae. PubMed, the Google Internet search engine, Archive.org, and Google Translate were primary investigational tools.ResultsUnderstanding of human embryology evolved rapidly in the mid and late 1800s. Discovery of the thyroglossal duct and its role in thyroid development led to improvements in existing surgery for thyroglossal duct remnants. Sistrunk was aware of the anatomy and histopathology of these remnants and used this knowledge to refine existing surgical approaches.ConclusionsThe elements of thyroglossal duct remnant surgery existed for decades before Sistrunk popularized his modified approach to dissection of the suprahyoid portion of the tract. His innovation and his clear description of the operation made it accessible to surgeons around the world.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:E45–E47, 2020
Canolol Dimer, a Biologically Active Phenolic Compound of Edible Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Kraljić Klara , Brkan Veronika , Škevin Dubravka , Srček Višnja Gaurina , Radošević Kristina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRapeseed and its oil are the source of many biologically active substances. From crude rapeseed oil, canolol is isolated and from edible oil its dimer. Herein, we tested the biological activity of those two compounds isolated from the oils by determining their antioxidant capacity and in vitro cytotoxicity on human tumor cell lines. Canolol and its dimer showed antiproliferative activity on both cell lines with IC50 values of 46.45 μM in HeLa, and 51.19 μM in MCF7 cells, respectively. Evaluation of cell death was also done, while the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method confirmed that the canolol dimer has higher antioxidant potential than canolol. Stability of canolol and its dimer under different storage conditions showed that for a longer period of time both compounds should be stored in a freezer, but also that the dimer is more stable against degradation than canolol. Presented results indicate possible applications of canolol and its dimer in the food and pharmaceutical industry as a natural antioxidant and an anticancer agent, respectively.
Adiponectin and Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt Modulation by Triiodothyronine and/or LY294002 in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: de Oliveira Miriane , Rodrigues Bruna Moretto , Olimpio Regiane Marques Castro , Mathias Lucas Solla , De Sibio Maria Teresa , Moretto Fernanda Cristina Fontes , Graceli Jones Bernardes , Nogueira Célia Regina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdipose tissue (AT), an endocrine organ that modulates several physiological functions by synthesizing and releasing adipokines such as adiponectin, is a metabolic target of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 and adiponectin play important roles in controlling normal metabolic functions such as stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and increase in thermogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway is important for the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and can be activated by T3 for the transcription of specific genes, such as adiponectin. We examined the role of PI3K in adiponectin modulation by T3 action in murine adipocytes (3T3‐L1). The 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with 1000 nM T3 for 1 h in the presence or absence of 50 μM LY294002 (LY), a PI3K inhibitor. Then, we assessed the expression of adiponectin and the phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase Akt (pAkt), a PI3K signaling protein, in the adipocytes. Adiponectin and pAKT levels were higher in the T3‐adipocyte cells, whereas in the LY group adiponectin was elevated and pAKT was decreased compared to the control (C). PI3K pathway inhibition for 1 h and posterior treatment with T3, in LY + T3, reduced the adiponectin level and increased pAKT levels compared to those in LY. T3 stimulated adiponectin levels by PI3K pathway activation and T3 can compensate alteration in the PI3K pathway, because with inhibition of the pathway it is able to maintain the basal levels of adiponectin and pAKT.
Dose‐response of human follicles during laser‐based hair removal: Ex vivo photoepilation model with classification system embracing morphological and histological features
Authors: van Vlimmeren Marijke A. A. , Raafs Bianca , Westgate Gillian , Beijens Linda G. M. , Uzunbajakava Natallia E. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesPhotoepilation is a commonly used technology in home‐use devices (HUDs) and in professional systems to remove unwanted body hair using pulses of laser or intense pulsed light (IPL). Albeit HUDs and professional systems operate at different fluences and treatment regimes, both demonstrate high hair reduction. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unknown partly due to high divergence of the existing literature data. The objective of this study was to develop an ex vivo photoepilation model with a set of criteria evaluating response to light pulses; and to investigate dose‐response behavior of hair follicles (HFs) subjected to a range of fluences.MethodsAfter ex vivo treatment (single pulse, 810 nm, 1.7–26.4 J/cm2, 4–64 ms pulse) human anagen HFs were isolated and maintained in culture for 7–10 days. Response to light was evaluated based on gross‐morphology and histological examination (H&E and TUNEL stainings).ResultsHFs treated ex vivo demonstrated a dose‐dependent response to light with five distinct classes defined by macroscopic and microscopic criteria. Fluences below 13.2 J/cm2 provoked catagen‐like transition, higher fluences resulted in coagulation in HF compartments.ConclusionObserved changes in the HF organ culture model were reflected by clinical efficacy. The developed photoepilation model provides an easy and fast method to predict clinical efficacy and permanency of light‐based hair removal devices. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyacrylonitrile‐carbon Nanotube‐polyacrylonitrile: A Versatile Robust Platform for Flexible Multifunctional Electronic Devices in Medical Applications
Authors: Dinh Toan , Dau Van , Tran Canh‐Dung , Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Dao Dzung Viet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlexible multifunctional electronic devices are of high interest for a wide range of applications including thermal therapy and respiratory devices in medical treatment, safety equipment, and structural health monitoring systems. This paper reports a scalable and efficient strategy of manufacturing a polyacrylonitrile‐carbon nanotube‐polyacrylonitrile (PAN‐CNT‐PAN) robust flexible platform for multifunctional electronic devices including flexible heaters, temperature sensors, and flexible thermal flow sensors. The key advantages of this platform include low cost, porosity, mechanical robustness, and electrical stability under mechanical bending, enabling the development of fast‐response flexible heaters with a response time of ≈1.5 s and relaxation time of ≈1.7 s. The temperature‐sensing functionality is also investigated with a range of temperature coefficient of resistances from −650 to −900 ppm K−1. A flexible hot‐film sensing concept is successfully demonstrated using PAN‐CNT‐PAN with a high sensitivity of 340 mV (m s−1)−1. The sensitivity enhancement of 50% W−1 is also observed with increasing supply power. The low cost, porosity, versatile, and robust properties of the proposed platform will enable the development of multifunctional electronic devices for numerous applications such as flexible thermal management, temperature stabilization in industrial processing, temperature sensing, and flexible/wearable devices for human healthcare applications.
Super‐Tough and Highly‐Ductile Poly(l‐lactic acid)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Epoxide‐Containing Ethylene Copolymer Blends Prepared by Reactive Blending
Authors: Lin Wangyang , He Yue , Qu Jin‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEthylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (E‐MA‐GMA) is employed to improve the impact toughness of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends by reactive melt‐blending. The reaction and miscibility between the components are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. A super‐tough PLLA/TPU/E‐MA‐GMA multiphase blend (75/10/15) exhibits a significantly improved impact strength of 77.77 kJ m−2, which is more than 17 times higher than that of PLLA/TPU (90/10) blend. A co‐continuous‐like TPU phase structure involving E‐MA‐GMA phase at the etched cryo‐fractured surface and the high‐orientated matrix deformation at the impact‐fractured surface are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The high‐orientated matrix deformation induced by the co‐continuous TPU phase structure is responsible for the super toughness of PLLA/TPU/E‐MA‐GMA blends.
Proanthocyanidin‐Induced Horizontal Arrangement in Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Chao , Wen Min , Guo Le , Zhang Boyu , Ming Tingzhen , Huang Fuzhi , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA green approach is employed to prepare mechanically enhanced composites by adding noncovalently proanthocyanidin (PC)‐modified graphene (PC‐rGO) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Ascorbic acid (AA) is used as the reducing agent, and PC is used as a dispersant to synthesize low‐defect and fully dispersed graphene. After static treatment, the PC‐rGO sheets in the composite form a horizontally arranged structure. Compared with neat PVA, the Young's modulus of the graphene‐modified composites is significantly enhanced by approximately 79.3% with incorporation of 0.9 wt% PC‐rGO. The composites incorporated with GO or AA‐rGO (without PC) have randomly distributed GO structures and apparent rGO agglomeration, resulting in a weaker mechanical property. The dispersibility, degree of defects, distribution state of graphene, and interactions with the polymer matrix are directly related to the final mechanical performance. This new approach to mechanically enhance graphene‐embedded PVA composites provides the possibility for large‐scale production of graphene‐reinforced composite materials.
High Potential of Aerosol‐Made 3D Graphene‐Based Composites for Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Kim Sun Kyung , Ha Taehyeong , Lee Chongmin , Chang Hankwon , Jang Hee Dong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecently, many researchers have developed advanced energy storage and energy conversion systems to address the increased demand for energy resources. The performance of these electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices depends considerably on the properties of their unique electrode materials. Among electrode materials, graphene (GR) has attracted much attention due to its unique properties of high flexibility, a large specific surface area, and superior electric conductivity rates that are well‐suited to energy storage systems. Specifically, aerosol‐made 3D GR composites are known to be more resistant to compressive forces such as paper balls owing to their stronger and harder compressive tolerance levels and higher and more stable surface areas compared to 2D GR sheets. These unique properties of 3D GR composites result in enhanced electrochemical performances for energy storage systems. This review focuses on recent studies of aerosol‐made 3D GR‐based composites for energy storage systems such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries.
Perturbation analysis for mixed least squares–total least squares problems
Authors: Zheng Bing , Yang Zhanshan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn many linear parameter estimation problems, one can use the mixed least squares–total least squares (MTLS) approach to solve them. This paper is devoted to the perturbation analysis of the MTLS problem. Firstly, we present the normwise, mixed, and componentwise condition numbers of the MTLS problem, and find that the normwise, mixed, and componentwise condition numbers of the TLS problem and the LS problem are unified in the ones of the MTLS problem. In the analysis of the first‐order perturbation, we first provide an upper bound based on the normwise condition number. In order to overcome the problems encountered in calculating the normwise condition number, we give an upper bound for computing more effectively for the MTLS problem. As two estimation techniques for solving the linear parameter estimation problems, interesting connections between their solutions, their residuals for the MTLS problem, and the LS problem are compared. Finally, some numerical experiments are performed to illustrate our results.
Ambulance nurses' experiences of deciding a patient does not require ambulance care
Authors: Backman Tess , Juuso Päivi , Borg Ronja , Engström Åsa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo describe ambulance nurses' experience of deciding a patient does not require ambulance care.DesignAn inductive, empirical study with a qualitative approach.MethodsData collection was conducted through semi‐structured interviews, and collected data were analysed with qualitative manifest content analysis. Data were collected during the spring 2017, and eight ambulance nurses participated.ResultsThe findings are presented in one main category, which is “Not very ill but a difficult decision” with totally three subcategories. The ambulance nurse's experience of making the assessment when the patient has no need for ambulance care is like walking the balance of slack line. This means that the assessment can be both easy and very difficult but something that definitely requires experience, knowledge and dedication.
Challenges in municipality healthcare services—The nurse leaders' perspective
Authors: Søreide Hilde , Kyrkjebø Dagrun , Råholm Maj‐Britt 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo examine perceptions of key challenges that nursing leadership face when organizing healthcare services in the municipality.DesignA qualitative study involving community nurse leaders (N = 9) in two focus group interviews.MethodsThe material has been processed and interpreted in accordance with the phenomenological‐hermeneutical tradition, and this process was inspired by Graneheim and Lundman.ResultsThree themes were identified in this study: (a) Tension between organizing the daily work and future challenges; (b) Challenges with recruiting enough registered nurse (RNs) in municipal healthcare services; and (c) Competence development plan—a strategic tool for nursing leadership. The municipal healthcare services need a better knowledge base with better knowledge of both the content and quality of services, organization, leadership and management, thus improving new forms of work and professional approaches.
Is traditional perinatal autopsy needed after detailed fetal ultrasound and post‐mortem MRI?
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan C. , Arthurs Owen J. , Gilpin Isobel , Norman Wendy , Jones Rod , Taylor Andrew M. , Sebire Neil J. , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the additional yield from autopsy following prenatal ultrasound and post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMR) for structural abnormalities.MethodPMMR was performed on consecutive fetuses over a 6‐year period. Prenatal ultrasound and PMMR findings were categorised as concordant, partially concordant or discordant findings. The yield of new and clinically significant information from autopsy was assessed. Diagnostic accuracies for both modalities were calculated, using autopsy as reference standard.ResultsOur study consisted of 81 fetuses. PMMR and prenatal ultrasound findings were concordant in 44/81 (54.3%), partially concordant in 26/81 (32.1%) and discordant in 11/81 (13.6%) cases. In 19/81 cases (23%), autopsy provided additional information, which appeared clinically significant in 12 cases. In 10 of those 12 cases, there was discordance between PMMR and ultrasound. In only 2 of 44 cases where ultrasound and PMMR were concordant, did autopsy provide clinically significant information.Diagnostic accuracy rates for ultrasound were sensitivity of 76.8% (66.6%, 84.6%), specificity of 92.5% (88.9%, 95.0%). For PMMR the sensitivity was 79.0% (68.9%, 86.5%), specificity 97.9% (95.5%, 99.0%). PMMR had a significantly higher concordance rate with autopsy than ultrasound (89.0 vs 93.8%; P < .001).ConclusionWhere PMMR and ultrasound are concordant, there is little additional yield from autopsy.
Association Between Time‐in‐Therapeutic Tacrolimus Range and Early Rejection After Heart Transplant
Authors: Baker William L. , Steiger Samantha , Martin Spencer , Patel Nirav , Radojevic Joseph , Darsaklis Konstadina , O'Bara Lynn , Kutzler Heather , Dougherty James , Feingold Andrew , Hammond Jonathan , Fusco Daniel , Gluck Jason A 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundHistorically, there is perceived pressure to achieve therapeutic levels of tacrolimus quickly after heart transplant (HT). We evaluated the association between time within therapeutic tacrolimus range and time to therapeutic trough and rejection in the 30 days following HT.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult HT patients receiving immunosuppression. Goal trough tacrolimus levels were 10–15 ng/ml. Surveillance endomyocardial biopsies were performed weekly for 4 weeks. Outcomes included the effect of time to and time‐in‐therapeutic tacrolimus range (Rosendaal method) on 30‐day clinical rejection, 1R/1B, and 2R or higher histologic occurrences.ResultsWe reviewed 67 HT patients (median age 58.8 yrs). For clinical rejection versus no‐rejection groups, the median (25th, 75th percentile) time to therapeutic tacrolimus levels was 9.5 (8, 12.3) days versus 9.0 (7, 13) days (p=0.623). The median time‐in‐therapeutic tacrolimus range was 34.1% (23.2, 42.2) versus 36.2% (19.9, 51.2), respectively (p=0.512). Similarly, we observed no significant differences in time to and time‐in‐therapeutic tacrolimus range in patients who developed grade 1R/1B (p=0.650 and p=0.725) or grade 2R or higher histology (p=0.632 and p=0.933).ConclusionsOur small single‐center analysis suggests that neither time to nor time in therapeutic tacrolimus range predicted acute rejection within 30 days of HT.