bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternaria induces airway epithelial cytokine expression independent of protease‐activated receptor
Authors: Daines Michael , Zhu Lingxiang , Pereira Rhea , Zhou Xu , Bondy Cheryl , Pryor Barry M. , Zhou Jin , Chen Yin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveA novel fungal allergen, Alternaria (Alt), has been previously shown to associate with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions. Airway epithelial cells are among the first to encounter Alt, and epithelial cytokine production and subsequent airway inflammation are early events in the response to Alt exposure. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. As protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been implicated in most of the Alt‐induced biological events, we investigated the regulation of airway inflammation and epithelial cytokine expression by PAR2.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Par2 knockout (Par2‐KO) mice were used to evaluate the in vivo role of PAR2. Primary human and mouse airway epithelial cells were used to examine the mechanistic basis of epithelial cytokine regulation in vitro.ResultsSurprisingly, Par2 deficiency had no negative impact on the change of lung function, inflammation and cytokine production in the mouse model of Alt‐induced asthma. Alt‐induced cytokine production in murine airway epithelial cells from Par2‐KO mice was not significantly different from the WT cells. Consistently, PAR2 knockdown in human cells also had no effect on cytokine expression. In contrast, the cytokine expressions induced by synthetic PAR2 agonist or other asthma‐related allergens (e.g. cockroach extracts) were indeed mediated via a PAR2‐dependent mechanism. Finally, we found that EGFR pathway was responsible for Alt‐induced epithelial cytokine expression.ConclusionThe activation of EGFR, but not PAR2, was likely to drive the airway inflammation and epithelial cytokine production induced by Alt.
Acute and sustained effects of a periodized carbohydrate intake using the sleep‐low model in endurance‐trained males
Authors: Riis Simon , Møller Andreas Buch , Dollerup Ole , Høffner Line , Jessen Niels , Madsen Klavs 
Published: August 2019

Repeated periodization of carbohydrate (CHO) intake using a diet‐exercise strategy called the sleep‐low model can potentially induce mitochondrial biogenesis and improve endurance performance in endurance‐trained individuals. However, more studies are needed to confirm the performance‐related effects and to investigate the sustained effects on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate and proteins involved in intramuscular lipid metabolism. Thirteen endurance‐trained males (age 23‐44 years; O2‐max, 63.9 ± 4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomized into two groups: sleep‐low (LOW‐CHO) or high CHO availability (HIGH‐CHO) in three weekly training blocks over 4 weeks. The acute metabolic response was investigated during 60 minutes of exercise within the last 3 weeks of the intervention. Pre‐ and post‐intervention, 30‐minute time‐trial performance was investigated after a 90‐minute pre‐load, which as a novel approach included nine intense intervals (and estimation of MFO). Additionally, muscle biopsies (v. lateralis) were obtained to investigate expression of proteins involved in intramuscular lipid metabolism using Western blotting. During acute exercise, average fat oxidation rate was ~36% higher in LOW‐CHO compared to HIGH‐CHO (P = .03). This did not translate into sustained effects on MFO. Time‐trial performance increased equally in both groups (overall time effect: P = .005). We observed no effect on intramuscular proteins involved in lipolysis (ATGL, G0S2, CGI‐58, HSL) or fatty acid transport and β‐oxidation (CD‐36 and HAD, respectively). In conclusion, the sleep‐low model did not induce sustained effects on MFO, endurance performance, or proteins involved in intramuscular lipid metabolism when compared to HIGH‐CHO. Our study therefore questions the transferability of acute effects of the sleep‐low model to superior sustained adaptations.
Imagination and Knowledge in the Metaphorology of Paul Ricœur
Authors: Travaglini Graziella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to examine Ricœur's reflection on metaphor through an intertextual reading. This reading relates The Rule of Metaphor (1975) with lines of thought developed in a series of lectures held at the Centre de recherches phénoménologiques in Paris, from 1973–1974, on the theme From Language to Image, and an essay which appeared in 1978, “The Metaphorical Process as Cognition, Imagination and Feeling”. This work starts with an analysis of Ricœur's interpretation of the Aristotelian theory of metaphor, a theory which the French philosopher principally develops in The Rule of Metaphor. In the other two papers, Ricœur develops his metaphorology through a dialogue with Kant and he reformulates in linguistic terms the doctrine of productive imagination and transcendental schematism, which become the ontological sphere on which metaphorical and narrative activity are founded. Through the long journey of language, Ricœur's hermeneutics builds a bridge between Aristotle and Kant. This article examines this link to understand and explain further, also at the epistemological level, the relationship between metaphor and narrative.
The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Vercellino R B , Pandolfo C E , Cerrota A , Cantamutto M , Presotto A 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.
A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR CHRISTIAN SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY
Authors: Bracken Joseph A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScience and religion are the two strongest influences on the conduct of human life, yet their respective truth claims frequently clash. To facilitate better communication between scientists and theologians on these rival truth claims, the author recommends that Christian theologians use the language and current methodology of science as far as possible so as to present the content of Church teaching in an idiom that would be intelligible not only to scientists but to the educated public as well. In this way, the rival truth claims might complement rather than compete with one another. That is, clothed in the language of science, the truth claims of religion would gain in rational coherence and intelligibility. Natural scientists in turn would have conversation partners better able to deal with philosophical and ethical issues arising out of new scientific discoveries.
LIMITATIONS ON THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF DRUG‐ENABLED MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Jones Richard H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScientific interest in drug‐induced mystical experiences reemerged in the 1990s. This warrants reexamining the philosophical issues surrounding such studies: Do psychedelic drugs cause mystical experiences? Are drug‐induced experiences the same in nature as other mystical experiences? Does the fact that mystical experiences can be induced by drugs invalidate or validate mystical cognitive claims? Those questions will be examined here. An overview of the scientific examination of drug‐induced mystical experiences is included, as is a brief overview of the history of the use of psychedelic drugs in religion.
The usage of deep learning algorithm in medical diagnostic of breast cancer
Authors: Parikesit Arli Aditya , Ramanto Kevin Nathanael 
Published: August 2019

Diagnosis is a crucial step to identify the disease that experienced by the patient. Diagnosis includes information gathering, integration, and interpretation. However, diagnosis process is not an easy task. Diagnostic accuracy is depending on the experience and cognitive ability of diagnosticians. The new algorithm called deep learning that is developed by simulating the human visual mechanism has been implemented in medical diagnostics. One of the diseases that can be diagnosed by using deep learning algorithm is the breast cancer. Several studies showed that deep learning algorithm can be used for detecting and classifying lesions, detecting mitosis, and predicting specific gene status. In this review article, 16 research journals were reviewed and discussed. The limitations of each algorithm are provided. All of the journals showed that deep learning algorithm has high diagnostics accuracy in assisting the professional diagnosticians to determine diagnosis outcome accordingly.
Biosynthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles using Murayya koeniggi aqueous leaf extract and its catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Shamsuddin Mustaffa , Raja Nordin Nurulhuda 
Published: August 2019

Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has a wide range of applications as catalysts. The natural abundance of copper and its relatively low cost make it a viable alternative to catalysts made from expensive precious metals such as platinum and palladium. In this study, a rapid, simple and green method was developed for the synthesis of CuO NPs using an aqueous extract of Murayya koenigii leaves. Several parameters were optimized, namely, the volume of leaf extract, pH, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum condition for the biosynthesis was obtained by using 3 mL of leaf extract; 10 mL of 5 mM CuSO, at pH 11, at room temperature. The biosynthesis was completed within 50 minutes. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses. The UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed the formation of CuO NPs with characteristic peak at 634 nm. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the biosynthesized CuO NPs confirmed the surface adsorption of the bioactive components in the leaf extract that acted as the reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the metal nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed a series of diffraction peaks at 2θ of 32.5°, 35.5°, 38.6°, 48.8°, 53.4°, 58.1°, 61.5°, 66.3°, 68.0°, 72.4° and 75.0°, corresponding to (110), (002), (111), (202), (020), (202), (113), (311), (220), (311) and (222) respectively. From TEM images, CuO NPs were of spherical shape with a mean diameter of 8.4 nm. The biosynthesized CuO NPs demonstrated good catalytic activities on the reduction 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride, NaBH4 and can be reused three times without significant decrease in the catalytic activities
Episodic fluid flow in an active fault
Authors: Louis Sarah , Luijendijk Elco , Dunkl István , Person Mark 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present a reconstruction of episodic fluid flow over the past ∼250 k.y. along the Malpais normal fault, which hosts the Beowawe hydrothermal system (Nevada, USA), using a novel combination of the apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometer and a model of the thermal effects of fluid flow. Samples show partial resetting of the AHe thermochronometer in a 40-m-wide zone around the fault. Numerical models using current fluid temperatures and discharge rates indicate that fluid flow events lasting 2 k.y. or more lead to fully reset samples. Episodic fluid pulses lasting 1 k.y. result in partially reset samples, with 30–40 individual fluid pulses required to match the data. Episodic fluid flow is also supported by an overturned geothermal gradient in a borehole that crosses the fault, and by breaks in stable isotope trends in hydrothermal sinter deposits that coincide with two independently dated earthquakes in the past 20 k.y. This suggests a system where fluid flow is triggered by repeated seismic activity, and that seals itself over ∼1 k.y. due to the formation of clays and silicates in the fault damage zone. Hydrothermal activity is younger than the 6–10 Ma age of the fault, which means that deep (∼5 km) fluid flow was initiated only after a large part of the 230 m of fault offset had taken place.
Drainage reversal toward cliffs induced by lateral lithologic differences
Authors: Harel Elhanan , Goren Liran , Shelef Eitan , Ginat Hanan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrainage reversals, an end-member case of drainage reorganization, often occur toward cliffs. Reversals are commonly identified by the presence of barbed tributaries, with a junction angle >90°, that preserve the antecedent drainage geometry. The processes that form reversed drainages are largely unknown. Particularly, barbed tributaries cannot form through a spatially uniform migration of the cliff and drainage divide, which would be expected to erase the antecedent drainage pattern, and tectonic tilting toward the cliff that could reverse the flow direction is inconsistent with geodynamic models of large-scale escarpment, where many reversals are documented. Here, we propose a new mechanism for drainage reversal, where the slope imbalance across a cliff, together with the high erodibility of sediments that fill cliff-truncated valleys, result in faster divide migration along valleys compared to interfluves. We demonstrate this mechanism along channels that drain toward the escarpment of the Arava Valley in Israel. Reversal is established by observations of barbed tributaries and opposite-grading terraces. We show that drainage reversal occurs when erodible valley fill exists, and that the reversal extent correlates with the thickness of this fill, in agreement with the predictions of the proposed mechanism. This new reversal mechanism demonstrates that valley fill could play an acute role in fluvial reorganization processes, and that reversals could occur independently of tectonic tilting.
Evidence for widespread oil migration in the 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The abundance of Precambrian organic-rich shales, heated beyond the oil and gas window, requires that enormous volumes of hydrocarbons were generated and transported through the ancient crust. However, the former passage of fluid hydrocarbons rarely leaves a trace, so evidence for this process in the early Precambrian rock record is sparse. Here, we report the widespread presence of solidified oil (pyrobitumen) in the iron formation of the 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada. Petrographic textures indicate at least two phases of oil migration, an early phase marked by pyrobitumen in granules and intergranular pores, synchronous with synsedimentary silica cementation, and a later phase restricted to crosscutting fractures. The paragenetic relationships between the pyrobitumen and iron oxides indicate that oil migration commenced before hematite and some magnetite growth. Our evidence for early oil migration can be explained by petroleum generation during the 1.86–1.80 Ga Penokean orogeny, expelling hydrocarbons generated in the core of the fold-and-thrust belt outwards and updip through the sediments of the Gunflint Formation.
Medic One Pediatric (MOPed) cards: standardising paramedic paediatric resuscitation
Authors: Woods Brandon , Lang Benjamin , Blayney Carolyn , O'Mahony Lila , Vander Tuig Amanda , Rea Tom , Carlbom David , Sayre Michael , King Mary 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivePaediatric resuscitation is highly stressful, technically challenging and infrequently performed by paramedics. Length-based equipment selection, weight-based medication dosing and less familiar paediatric clinical scenarios create high cognitive load. Our project aimed to decrease cognitive load and increase paramedic comfort by providing standardised paediatric resuscitation cards across an entire Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system.MethodsAfter 2 years of collaboration between EMS and regional paediatric subspecialists, we created and implemented a novel set of length-based, colour-coded cards: Medic One Pediatric (MOPed) cards. MOPed cards standardise the approach to paediatric scenarios, such as rapid sequence intubation (RSI), seizure management and cardiac arrest. We standardised drug concentrations across all five EMS agencies to allow for volume-based dosing, removing medication calculations, simplifying the process of medication administration and potentially decreasing both calculation error and time to intervention. We consolidated medications on MOPed cards to the 12 most commonly used in Paediatric Advanced Life Support scenarios. We surveyed 240 EMS personnel before and after implementation to determine use and effect on paramedic comfort.ResultsAfter 12 months of implementation, 97% of respondents reported using the new cards as their primary reference, and 94% reported improved speed and accuracy of medication administration. Specifically, RSI medication administration received the greatest improvement in comfort (p=0.001). Additionally, paramedics increased the use of MOPed cards when selecting endotracheal tubes: 45% of the respondents had done so by 6 months, and 60% had done so after 12 months of implementation (p=0.01).ConclusionsMOPed cards were well adopted across a large EMS system, with improvement in paramedic comfort in managing some paediatric resuscitation scenarios.
Improving critical incident reporting in primary care through education and involvement
Authors: Müller Beate Sigrid , Beyer Martin , Blazejewski Tatjana , Gruber Dania , Müller Hardy , Gerlach Ferdinand Michael 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCritical incident reporting systems (CIRS) can be an important tool for the identification of organisational safety needs and thus to improve patient safety. In German primary care, CIRS use is obligatory but remains rare. Studies on CIRS implementation in primary care are lacking, but those from secondary care recommend involving management personnel.ObjectiveThis project aimed to increase CIRS use in 69 practices belonging to a local practice network.MethodsThe intervention consisted of the provision of a web-based CIRS, accompanying measures to train practice teams in error management and CIRS, and the involvement of the network’s management. Three measurements were used: (1) number of incident reports and user access rates to the web-based CIRS were recorded, (2) staff were given a questionnaire addressing incident reporting, error management and safety climate and (3) qualitative reflection conferences were held with network management.ResultsOver 20 months, 17 critical incidents were reported to the web-based CIRS. The number of staff intending to report the next incident online decreased from 42% to 20% of participants. In contrast, the number of practices using an offline CIRS (eg, incident book) increased from 23% to 49% of practices. Practices also began proactively approaching network management for help with incidents. After project completion, participants scored higher in the patient safety climate factor ‘perception of causes of errors’. For many practices, the project provided the first contact with structured error management.ConclusionSpecific measures to improve the use of CIRS in primary care should focus on network management and practice owners. Practices need basic training on safety culture and error management. Continuing, practices should implement an offline CIRS, before they can profit from the exchange of reports via web-based CIRS. It is crucial that practices receive feedback on incidents, and trained network management personnel can provide such support.
Heavy quarkonia properties from a hard-wall confinement potential model with conformal symmetry perturbing effects
Authors: Al-Jamel Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Heavy [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] quarkonia are considered as systems confined within a hard-wall potential shaped after a linear combination of a cotangent — with a square co-secant function. Wave functions and energy spectra are then obtained in closed forms in solving by the Nikiforov–Uvarov method the associated radial Schrödinger equation in the presence of a centrifugal term. The interest in this potential is that in one parametrization, it can account for a conformal symmetry of the strong interaction, and in another for its perturbation, a reason for which we here employ it to study status of conformal symmetry in the heavy flavor sector. The resulting predictions on heavy quarkonia mass spectra and root mean square radii are compared with the available experimental data, as well as with predictions by other theoretical approaches. We observe that a relatively small conformal symmetry perturbing term in the potential suffices to achieve good agreement with data.
Faster DBSCAN and HDBSCAN in Low-Dimensional Euclidean Spaces
Authors: de Berg Mark , Gunawan Ade , Roeloffzen Marcel 
Published: August 2019

We present a new algorithm for the widely used density-based clustering method dbscan. For a set of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text] our algorithm computes the dbscan-clustering in [Formula: see text] time, irrespective of the scale parameter [Formula: see text] (and assuming the second parameter MinPts is set to a fixed constant, as is the case in practice). Experiments show that the new algorithm is not only fast in theory, but that a slightly simplified version is competitive in practice and much less sensitive to the choice of [Formula: see text] than the original dbscan algorithm. We also present an [Formula: see text] randomized algorithm for hdbscan in the plane — hdbscan is a hierarchical version of dbscan introduced recently — and we show how to compute an approximate version of hdbscan in near-linear time in any fixed dimension.
Health and Disease After Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Allen Cathy 
Published: August 2019

Long-term health outcomes after ART have largely focused on offspring health and perinatal parameters. Longer-term health outcomes in female patients remain difficult to fully assess. Hypothetical concerns about the effects of endocrine manipulation on hormone-sensitive conditions, e.g. breast disease, are confounded by variable factors in patients and treatments. Obstetric and perinatal factors endow an additional layer of complexity to the overall analysis and more research is required to appreciate all aspects of ART. Notwithstanding the knowledge gap, clinicians must endeavour to individualise management plans, taking into account the pros and cons of ART in the context of immediate, maternity-related and long-term health risks for their patients.This review of recent literature examines current ART practice in terms of female health and disease as we strive for best practice in an ever-changing clinical and demographic fertility landscape.