bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic assessment of antibody selectivity in plasma based on a resource of enrichment profiles
Authors: Fredolini Claudia , Byström Sanna , Sanchez-Rivera Laura , Ioannou Marina , Tamburro Davide , Pontén Fredrik , Branca Rui M. , Nilsson Peter , Lehtiö Janne , Schwenk Jochen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is a strong need for procedures that enable context and application dependent validation of antibodies. Here, we applied a magnetic bead assisted workflow and immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS/MS) to assess antibody selectivity for the detection of proteins in human plasma. A resource was built on 414 IP experiments using 157 antibodies (targeting 120 unique proteins) in assays with heat-treated or untreated EDTA plasma. For each protein we determined their antibody related degrees of enrichment using z-scores and their frequencies of identification across all IP assays. Out of 1,313 unique endogenous proteins, 426 proteins (33%) were detected in >20% of IPs, and these background components were mainly comprised of proteins from the complement system. For 45% (70/157) of the tested antibodies, the expected target proteins were enriched (z-score ≥ 3). Among these 70 antibodies, 59 (84%) co-enriched other proteins beside the intended target and mainly due to sequence homology or protein abundance. We also detected protein interactions in plasma, and for IGFBP2 confirmed these using several antibodies and sandwich immunoassays. The protein enrichment data with plasma provide a very useful and yet lacking resource for the assessment of antibody selectivity. Our insights will contribute to a more informed use of affinity reagents for plasma proteomics assays.
Developing a codon optimization method for improved expression of recombinant proteins in actinobacteria
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Kitagawa Wataru , Kumagai Toshitaka , Tajima Naoyuki , Nishimiya Yoshiyuki , Tamano Koichi , Yasutake Yoshiaki , Tamura Tomohiro , Kameda Tomoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCodon optimization by synonymous substitution is widely used for recombinant protein expression. Recent studies have investigated sequence features for codon optimization based on large-scale expression analyses. However, these studies have been limited to common host organisms such as Escherichia coli. Here, we develop a codon optimization method for Rhodococcus erythropolis, a gram-positive GC-rich actinobacterium attracting attention as an alternative host organism. We evaluate the recombinant protein expression of 204 genes in R. erythropolis with the same plasmid vector. The statistical analysis of these expression data reveals that the mRNA folding energy at 5’ regions as well as the codon frequency are important sequence features for codon optimization. Intriguingly, other sequence features such as the codon repetition rate show a different tendency from the previous study on E. coli. We optimize the coding sequences of 12 genes regarding these sequence features, and confirm that 9 of them (75%) achieve increased expression levels compared with wild-type sequences. Especially, for 5 genes whose expression levels for wild-type sequences are small or not detectable, all of them are improved by optimized sequences. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our codon optimization method in R. erythropolis, and possibly in other actinobacteria.
Zika Virus Associated Pathology and Antigen Presence in the Testicle in the Absence of Sexual Transmission During Subacute to Chronic Infection in a Mouse Model
Authors: Clancy Chad S. , Van Wettere Arnaud J. , Morrey John D. , Julander Justin G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arboviral infection that has been shown to be sexually transmitted. The study outlined herein aims to determine if accessory sex glands and epididymal epithelial cells are sources of viral persistence in subacute and chronic ZIKV infection, and if infection of these organs is important in sexual transmission during long-term (chronic) infection. Male interferon type I receptor knockout (Ifnar−/−) mice were challenged with ZIKV and reproductive tissues were harvested 14 and 35 days post infection (DPI) for inoculation studies and 14, 35 and 70 DPI for histopathology. Artificial insemination fluid derived from epididymal flush and seminal plasma from the prostate and seminal vesicle was obtained from ZIKV inoculated and sham-infected males. Naïve interferon type I and II receptor knockout (AG129) female mice were pre-treated with progesterone and inoculated intravaginally with artificial insemination fluid from ZIKV-infected males. ZIKV RNA was detected in the artificial insemination fluid generated from epididymal flush or seminal plasma from ZIKV infected males at 14 and 35 DPI. ZIKV antigens were only detected in seminiferous tubules at 14 DPI. Epididymal epithelial cells did not show ZIKV antigen immunoreactivity at 14, 35 or 70 DPI. Severe fibrosing orchitis (end stage orchitis) was observed at 35 and 70 DPI. Mild inflammation and peri-tubular fibrosis were observed in the epididymis following clearance of virus. Viral RNA was not detected by PCR in whole blood samples of females from any intravaginal experimental group and only detected in 20% of subcutaneously inoculated animals (derived from 1 experimentally infected male) at 35 DPI. While ZIKV RNA and antigens can be detected in the male reproductive tract at 14 DPI and RNA can also be detected at 35 DPI, intravaginal inoculation of artificial insemination fluid from these time-points failed to result in viremia in naïve females inoculated intravaginally. These studies support the hypothesis that epididymal epithelial cells are critical to sexual transmission in immunocompromised mice. Additionally, acute but not chronic male reproductive tract infection with ZIKV results in infectious virus capable of being sexually transmitted in mice.
Association of maternal folate intake during pregnancy with infant asthma risk
Authors: Li Weijian , Xu Bo , Cao Yuepeng , Shao Yang , Wu Wanke , Zhou Jun , Tan Xiaofang , Wu Xiaoli , Kong Jing , Hu Chen , Xie Kaipeng , Wu Jiangping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral studies assessed the association of maternal folate intake with infant asthma risk, but the findings are controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the association between maternal folate intake and infant asthma risk. PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched for related studies published until August 2018. Fixed-effects models were applied to pool relative risks (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) due to the low heterogeneity. We also adopted generalized least-squares trend (GLST) estimation for the dose-response analysis. In our study, a total of 10 studies with maternal folate intake and 5 studies with blood folate concentration were included. We found that maternal folate intake during pregnancy was significantly related to the risk of infant asthma (RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.06–1.17). Similar results were found for geographic region from Europe (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01–1.16) and North America (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11–1.30) in subgroup analyses. Meanwhile, the dose-response analysis showed a linear relationship between maternal folic acid intake during pregnancy and infant asthma risk. This meta-analysis indicates that maternal folate intake during pregnancy could increase infant asthma risk. Therefore, the adverse effect of folic acid on infant asthma should not be ignored when it is supplemented during pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
Histopathological factors help to predict lymph node metastases more efficiently than extra-nodal recurrences in submucosa invading pT1 colorectal cancer
Authors: Barel Fanny , Cariou Mélanie , Saliou Philippe , Kermarrec Tiphaine , Auffret Anaïs , Samaison Laura , Bourhis Amélie , Badic Bogdan , Jézéquel Julien , Cholet Franck , Bail Jean-Pierre , Marcorelles Pascale , Nousbaum Jean-Baptiste , Robaszkiewicz Michel , Doucet Laurent , Uguen Arnaud 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe therapeutic management of patients with endoscopic resection of colorectal cancer invading the submucosa (i.e. pT1 CRC) depends on the balance between the risk of cancer relapse and the risk of surgery-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to report on the histopathological risk factors predicting lymph node metastases and recurrences in an exhaustive case series comprising every pT1 CRC (of adenocarcinoma subtype only) diagnosed in Finistère (France) during 5-years. For 312 patients with at least 46 months follow-up included in the digestive cancers registry database, histopathological factors required for risk stratification in pT1 CRC were reviewed. Patients were treated by endoscopic resection only (51 cases), surgery only (138 cases), endoscopic resection followed by surgery (102 cases) or transanal resection (21 cases). Lymph node metastases were diagnosed in 19 patients whereas 15 patients had an extra-nodal recurrence (7 local recurrences only, 4 distant metastases only and 4 combining local and distant recurrences). Four patients with distant metastases died of their cancer. Poor tumor differentiation, vascular invasion and high grade tumor budding on HES slides were notably identified as strong risk-factors of lymph node metastases but the prediction of extra-nodal recurrences (local, distant and sometimes fatal) was less obvious, albeit it was more frequent in patients treated by transanal resection than with other treatment strategies. Beyond good performances in predicting lymph node metastases and guiding therapeutic decision in patients with pT1 CRC, our study points that extra-nodal recurrence of cancer is more difficult to predict and requires further investigations.
Morusin alleviates mycoplasma pneumonia via the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling
Authors: Chen Cunrong , Wang Jingjing , Chen Jianfei , Zhou Lili , Wang Hui , Chen Junnian , Xu Zhihui , Zhu Shuaijun , Liu Wei , Yu Ranjie , Lu Junli , Luo Haoteng , Chen Min , Chen Weiwen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Morusin has been traditionally used for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which morusin achieves efficacy on mycoplasma pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia model was established in BALB/c mouse and the effects of morusin were evaluated in the model. Compared with the model group, DNA amount of M. pneumoniae decreased by 24.6 ± 3.14% and 47.6 ± 6.78% in low morusin (20 mg/kg) and high morusin (50 mg/kg) groups, respectively (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, morusin treatment led to decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α and increased level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in mice lung tissue. Furthermore, morusin treatment inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways in mice lung tissue. Taken together, our results suggest that morusin relieves mycoplasma pneumonia via the inhibition of the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, and is a potential natural agent for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.
Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Dai Jin , Li Huaguang , Li Yuemeng , Hao Weixiao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuping , Su Lining , Wei Huiping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for a number of intractable neurological disorders, a more favorable strategy to regulate the outcome of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs) was examined in the present study. In view of the wide range of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from the herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii, was used. It was revealed that treatment with 30–50 mg/l TMP for 4 days significantly increased cell viability, alleviated senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and promoted bMSC proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. In addition, 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may facilitate the neuronal differentiation of bMSCs, verified in the present study by presentation of neuronal morphology and expression of neuronal markers: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that TMP treatment may promote the expression of neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD) and mammalian achaete–scute homolog 1 (Mash1). In conclusion, 4 days of 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may significantly delay bMSC senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and enhancing the self-renewal ability of bMSCs, and their potential for neuronal differentiation.
Circumbinary discs with radiative cooling and embedded planets
Authors: Kley Wilhelm , Thun Daniel , Penzlin Anna B. T. 
Published: June 2019

Context. As of today, ten circumbinary planets orbiting solar type main sequence stars have been discovered. Nearly all orbit around the central binary very closely to the region of instability where it is difficult to form them in situ. Hence, it is assumed that they formed further out and then migrated to their observed position, which is determined by binary, disc and planet properties.
Aims. We extend previous studies to a more realistic thermal disc structure and determine what parameter influence the final parking location of a planet around a binary star.
Methods. We performed two-dimensional numerical simulations of viscous accretion discs around a central binary. These simulations include viscous heating and radiative cooling from the disc surfaces. We vary the binary eccentricity as well as disc viscosity and mass.
Results. Concerning the disc evolution, we find that it can take well over 100 000 binary orbits until an equilibrium state is reached. As seen previously, we find that the central cavity opened by the binary becomes eccentric and precesses slowly in a prograde sense. Embedded planets migrate to the inner edge of the disc. In cases of lower disc viscosity they migrate further in maintaining a circular orbit, while for high viscosity they are parked further out on an eccentric orbit.
Conclusions. Discs around binary stars are eccentric, and precess very slowly around the binary. The final location of an embedded planet is linked to its ability to open a gap in the disc. Gap-opening planets separate inner from outer disc, preventing eccentricity excitation in the latter and making it more circular. This allows embedded planets to migrate closer to the binary, in agreement with the observations. The necessary conditions for gap opening and the final planet position depend on the planet mass and disc viscosity.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Endoskopie: Neuronale Netze und maschinelles Sehen – Techniken und Perspektiven
Authors: Schmitz Rüdiger , Werner René , Rösch Thomas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungKünstliche neuronale Netze als Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) können der Endoskopie neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen, etwa im Sinne einer automatischen Polypenerkennung oder der präzisen Vorhersage des histopathologischen Befunds einer Läsion anhand ihres endoskopischen Bildes. Während erste Versuche tatsächlich ein weitreichendes Potenzial erahnen lassen, leiten sich öffentliche und medial transportierte Erwartungen häufig mehr von einer abstrakten Faszination als von der detaillierten Funktionsweise der Methoden ab. Dieser Artikel soll anhand einer selektiven Literaturübersicht ein intuitives Verständnis der Methoden vermitteln und helfen, die Lücke zwischen Funktion und Faszination zu schließen, um Potenzial und Grenzen dieser Techniken im Bereich der Endoskopie realistisch abschätzen zu können.Mit ihrem Erfolg bei der maschinellen Klassifikation von Bildern haben insbesondere „tiefe neuronale Netze“ der KI nach jahrzehntelanger Forschung zu rasant anwachsendem Interesse verholfen. Wir umreißen kurz die diesbezüglichen Entwicklungen und die Gründe für ihre Bedeutung weit über die Informatik hinaus. Durch den Vergleich von maschinellem und menschlichem Sehen wird ein Verständnis der detaillierten Funktionsweise dieser Methoden und ihrer Erfolge bei Seh-Aufgaben vermittelt. Darauf aufbauend analysieren wir die Funktionsweise jüngst demonstrierter Anwendungen in Hinblick auf methodische Perspektiven und Grenzen, die Aussagekraft bisher erbrachter Leistungsnachweise und die Notwendigkeit weiterer Tests. Zudem geben wir einen Eindruck von weiteren, konkret absehbaren Einzelanwendungen und besprechen, welchen Charakter diese dem Einsatz der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Endoskopie insgesamt geben könnten.
First-Line Therapy for Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mithoowani Siraj , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease affecting blood platelets that causes thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of bleeding. First-line therapy is indicated for patients with bleeding complications or who are at increased risk of bleeding, and the decision to initiate therapy depends not only on the platelet count, but also on other endpoints including quality of life. The choice of first-line therapy depends primarily on how quickly a platelet count response is required, with intravenous immune globulin providing the more rapid response, followed by high-dose dexamethasone and prednisone. In this narrative review, we discuss key issues with first-line therapy in ITP including when to initiate therapy, treatment options and special considerations for children. Evidence-based guidelines are lacking for the emergency management of patients with ITP who present with significant bleeding; we provide our approach to this critical situation.
Comparison of Salivary Calcium Level in Dentulous and Edentulous Patients
Authors: Rabiei Maryam , Asli Hamid Neshandar , Mohamadi Mohadeseh Haji 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objectives Calcium is an inorganic component of the saliva, which is especially important in oral and dental health. This study sought to compare unstimulated salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients.
Materials and Methods This case–control study was conducted on 72 participants, including 36 dentulous and 36 edentulous patients. The unstimulated salivary flow rate of patients and the mean salivary calcium concentration were measured and compared. The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test.
Results The mean age of participants was 56.3 years. The mean number of teeth was 18.9 in the dentulous group. No significant difference was noted in salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients. The mean salivary calcium concentration was 0.61 ± 0.3875 mmol/L in dentulous and 0.8025 ± 0.5975 mmol/L in edentulous patients. Salivary calcium level had a significant inverse correlation with salivary flow rate (r = –0.370, p = 0.027), and by every 1-unit increase in salivary flow rate, salivary level of calcium significantly decreased by 3.85 units.
Conclusion Edentate had averagely higher salivary calcium level compared to dentulous. The salivary concentration of calcium ion is not correlated to the presence or absence of teeth. Salivary flow rate reduces the calcium concentration.
Effect of Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Combined with Mineralizing Agents on Microhardness of Demineralized Dentin
Authors: Hajizadeh Hila , Nemati-Karimooy Atefeh , Babaee-Rishkhori Peiman 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and mineralizing agents including casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride in improving the resistance of demineralized dentin at new demineralization process.
Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty healthy dentin surfaces were prepared and demineralized using acidic solutions. Primary microhardness was measured (h1), and samples were randomly divided into six groups. Each group received a different protocol as follows: Group A (control group): no additional treatment, Group B: applying a fluoridated gel, Group C: applying a CPP-ACP-containing cream, Group D: irradiation of Er:YAG laser, Group E: irradiation of Er:YAG laser combined with the application of a fluoridated agent, and Group F: irradiation of Er:YAG laser combined with the application of CPP-ACP-containing cream. Microhardness values were measured afterward (h2). Then, all the groups were re-exposed to acidic solution, and microhardness was measured for the third time (h3). The microhardness data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test.
Results Although application of mineralizing agents increased the microhardness of demineralized dentin in comparison with the control group, no significant difference was observed using two agents. Comparison of laser groups showed an increase in microhardness only after the irradiation of Er:YAG laser combined with the application of a fluoridated agent. Demineralizing process reduced the microhardness values in all the groups, but the application of a CPP-ACP agent caused the least reduction among the laser irradiated groups. Comparison of hardness changes at the beginning and end of the experiment did not show any significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion Comparison of treatment modalities used in this study exhibited that fluoride had the greatest impact on dentin resistance. Laser irradiation on demineralized dentin did not increase the hardness or resistance to acidic attacks.
Histomorphometric Comparative Analysis between Oral Dysplastic Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pereira Natalia Da Silva , Pinheiro Tiago Novaes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the correlation between the vascular mast cells and inflammatory changes in the potentially malignant disorders, compared to the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in varying degrees of dysplasia.
Materials and Methods Thirty samples were selected: 10 of OSCC, 10 of oral leukoplakia, and 10 of actinic keratosis. The toluidine blue technique was used on the mast cells, and hematoxylin and eosin were used for analyzing the lymphocytes, mitosis, and vessels. The quantification was performed using the ImageJ software after obtaining the images by light microscopy with a × 40 objective. Analysis of variance with p < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.
Results Mast cells (p < 0.0158), vessels (p < 0.9431), lymphocytes (p < 0.0001), and mitoses (p < 0.0009) were found in OSCC. In potentially malignant disorders, a lower density of these structures and a higher concentration of mitosis in the actinic keratosis were observed.
Conclusion The results showed evidence of a positive correlation between mast cells and vascularization in the OSCC, suggesting the aggression of the disease. Intense inflammatory infiltrate indicates that other molecular events are involved in the carcinogenesis process, and further studies are necessary for a better understanding of it.
Aged Translucent Aesthetic Zirconia: Bond Strength Analysis
Authors: Gallina Bernardo Luiz , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Sicoli Eliseu Augusto , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonca Marcio Jose 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective This study evaluates the bond strength of two compositions of aesthetic translucent zirconia (TZ).
Materials and Methods For this evaluation, test specimens were prepared from ICE Zirkon TZ and Prettau Anterior zirconia (PAZ) that were stored in distilled water at 37°C for two time periods: T1 (24 h) and T2 (90 days) to simulate aging. Two factors were evaluated for the samples—ceramic and aging time. The samples were subjected to tests of microshear strength and fracture type and were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.
Results The results were analyzed using the D'Agostino test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's test (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were observed for ceramic type and aging time.
Conclusion The results showed that PAZ provides significantly superior performance to TZ at the two aging times evaluated.