bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Aryl boronic Acids on Cyclohexenone as Catalyzed by Rhodium(I) Complexes of C2‐Symmetric Bioxazoline Fused N‐heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ramasamy Balasubramaniyam , Prakasham A. P. , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Ghosh Prasenjit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRhodium(I) complexes (1‐3) of chiral C2‐symmetric tricyclic bioxazoline fused imidazole derived N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were efficient precatalysts for the 1,4‐conjugate addition of aryl boronic acids to cyclohexenone yielding 3‐aryl cyclohexanones in moderate to excellent yields but without any chirality transfer. Quite significantly, the intermediates of the proposed catalytic cycle namely, a rhodium hydroxo species (A), a phenyl bound rhodium species (B) and a 3‐phenyl cyclohexenolate bound rhodium species (D) have been detected by mass spectrometry. Lastly, the rhodium(I) precatalysts of the type, {(3R,7R)‐3,7‐di‐R‐2,3,7,8‐tetrahydrodioxazolo[3,2‐c:3′,2′‐e]imidazol‐5‐ylidene}Rh(COD)Cl, [R=s‐butyl (1), i‐butyl (2), i‐propyl (3), COD=1, 5‐cyclooctadiene] were prepared by the direct metalation of tricyclic oxazoline fused imidazole derived N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors namely, (3R,7R)‐3,7‐di‐R‐2,3,7,8‐tetrahydrodioxazolo[3,2‐c:3′,2′‐e]imidazol‐4‐ium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [R=s‐butyl, i‐butyl, i‐propyl] with {(COD)RhCl}2 in presence of t‐BuOK at room temperature.
An automation framework design for secure software development
Authors: Mythily M. , Valarmathi M.L. , Anand Deva Durai C. , Rexie J.A.M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBusiness process modeling (BPM) is procedural‐oriented advanced activity for representing process models with domain knowledge. It consists of all the functional requirements given by the users to build the software. However, nonfunctional requirements such as cost, time, performance, and security are used to evaluate the performance of a system. Among these requirements, security is the vital attribute to be taken care at the early stage of any software development. For example, even governing bodies are heavily dependents on the data system due to security exposures. So automation on model transformation from non‐secured metamodel to secured metamodels improves the overall execution of the software evolution process. In this paper, the authors propose an Auto Secure Business Process (AutoSBP) system to automate security to the existing software models. The activity model of existing system is dismantled into attributes and actions to extract its business need. Based on the interpretation from business data, security implications are applied to the existing software models. To fine tune the security implications, ID3 decision learning algorithm is applied. The effect of the system‐generated model assures the quality by its complexity metrics.
Embedding built heritage values in architectural design education
Authors: Clarke Nicholas , Kuipers Marieke , Stroux Sara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContinuity and change have become crucial themes for the built environment and heritage buildings; also in the education and practice of architects. Embedding built heritage values into studio-based design education is a daunting new challenge that demands new didactic perspectives and tools. To address the dilemmas that come with design assignments for adaptive reuse, an experiment with new didactic analytical tools has been conducted in the Heritage & Architecture (H&A) architectural design studios at the Delft University of Technology. The analysis attempts to connect matter—physical structures—and meaning in a structured graphical process through predefined mapping exercises. Our aim is to introduce a step-by-step method for exploration that can form the foundation of values-based design from built heritage. Central to our multifaceted approach is a specially developed matrix that is meant to support design-oriented analysis of heritage buildings. This paper situates the H&A perspective on the adaptive reuse of valorised buildings within the heritage discourse and architectural design education in general and further gives insight into the didactics, the tools, their uses and initial results. After a critical reflection on our points of departure, based in an evaluation of results, peer discussion and student evaluation, we conclude that the applied methodology is instructive to the educational goals but also merits further development. One of the lessons learnt for future teaching includes allowing students freedom to discover values themselves. An important conclusion is that an earlier and broader foundation that engages the continuation of tangible and intangible heritage values in the ever-changing built environment is required in architectural educational practice.
Measuring Diversity in Multilingual Communication
Authors: Gazzola Michele , Templin Torsten , McEntee-Atalianis Lisa J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article develops new indices to measure linguistic diversity. It is new in two respects: firstly, existing indices to measure the probability that in a given multilingual context communication among people speaking different languages can successfully occur are based on the assumption that communication is possible only if at least one single language is shared. This study develops new indices that describe the probability that people with different linguistic repertoires can effectively communicate not only through one common language, but also by relying on their receptive competence in multiple languages, or a mix between the two communication strategies. Secondly, it develops indices to measure the degree of diversity of language policies aimed at providing multilingual communication (through translation and interpretation). The focus, therefore, is on the organisation as collective actors rather than individuals. The indices may be relevant to the study of the political and economic implications of linguistic diversity in multilingual countries, and in the management of diversity in multilingual organisations.
Vascular risk factors are associated with longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid tau markers and cognition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J.B. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Hassenstab Jason , Xiong Chengjie , Grant Elizabeth , Verhey Frans , Morris John C. , Visser Pieter Jelle , Fagan Anne M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionVascular factors increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the associations between such factors, longitudinal AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognition.Methods433 cognitively normal participants were classified into four biomarker groups using their baseline amyloid (A+/−) and tau status (T+/−). 184 participants had undergone serial cerebrospinal fluid collection. Frequencies of risk factors and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) were compared, and we tested the influence of risk factors on change in biomarker concentrations and cognition.ResultsThe absence of obesity, presence of hypertension, and a high FRS were associated with an increase in tau levels, particularly in A+T+ individuals. Risk factors were not associated with amyloid. Depression was associated with higher cognitive scores, whereas high FRS was associated with lower scores and a faster decline.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that vascular risk factors may enhance neurodegeneration but not amyloid accumulation in preclinical AD.
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries with Fractures in a Québec Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Wagnac Eric , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Arnoux Pierre-Jean , Desrosiers Jean-Michel , Ménard Anne-Laure , Petit Yvan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) have devastating consequences on patients’ quality of life. More specifically, TSCI with spinal fractures (TSCIF) have the most severe neurological impairment, although limited data are available. This study aimed at providing data and analyzing TSCIF in a level I trauma center in the province of Québec, Canada.Methods:Two hundred eighty-two TSCIF were reviewed. Spinal injuries and neurological impairment were assessed with AO classification and AIS, respectively. Variables included age, sex, cause, location, mechanism of injury (MOI), and severity of TSCIF. Chi-squared Pearson determined significant associations (p < 0.05).Results:Male-to-female ratio was 3.21:1. Patients were 42.5 ± 18.7 years. The leading causes of TSCIF were high-energy falls (28.4%), cars (26.2%) and vehicle without restraint system (motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, snowmobile, and bicycle) (21.3%). Vehicle collisions, pooling cars and unrestrained vehicles, mostly affected the 20–49-year population (62.2%). The main MOI was distraction in males (47.9%), and axial compression in females (44.8%). There were significant associations between causes and injured spinal level, as well as between MOI and injured spinal level, sex, and TSCIF severity. Most patients involved in unrestrained vehicle accidents sustained a thoracolumbar spine distraction with complete motor deficit. A severe neurologic deficit affected most patients following car accidents that caused cervical spine distraction or axial torsion.Conclusions:In Québec, most TSCIF caused by vehicle collisions affect a young population and have severe neurological impairments. Future efforts should focus on better understanding accidents involving the unrestrained vehicle category to further improve preventive measures.
Small-scale kinematics of two-phase flows: identifying relaxation processes in separated- and disperse-phase flow models
Authors: Drui Florence , Larat Adam , Kokh Samuel , Massot Marc 
Published: August 2019

We propose here to investigate the impact of small-scale effects on the bulk evolution of a two-phase flow system. More precisely, we choose to examine the sole influence of a small-scale (with respect to the bulk velocity) off-equilibrium velocity on the system. In order to narrow our analysis and avoid complex well-posedness issues, we choose to examine a simple barotropic 5-equation two-phase flow model that accounts for an equilibrium common bulk velocity and a small-scale off-equilibrium velocity. A full derivation of the model is presented: it is based on a variational principle which allows us to insert the two-scale kinematics into the model by considering two different kinetic energies. Additional entropy dissipation requirements allow us to add dissipative structures to the model. This system is neutral with respect to the topology of the flow structure and is equipped with parameters that can be connected to relaxation processes. When considering instantaneous relaxations, we obtain two limit systems of the literature that are used for the simulation of separated-phase flows. In this sense we obtain a hierarchy of models. We show that the parent 5-equation model is also compatible with the description of a bubbly fluid that allows small-scale vibrations for the disperse phase. This identification is verified and discussed through comparisons with experimental measurements of sound dispersion (Silberman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 29, 1957, pp. 925–933; Leroyet al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 123, 2008, pp. 1931–1940) and with the dispersion relations of a reference model for bubbly flows by Chenget al.(Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 107, 1985, pp. 402–408). The present work is a first contribution to a larger effort that aims at unifying models that can describe both separated and disperse two-phase flows, coupling small-scale modelling with large-scale resolution.
A millennium of Icelandic archaeological fish data examined against marine climate records
Authors: Hambrecht George , Feeley Frank , Smiarowski Konrad , Hicks Megan , Harrison Ramona , Brewington Seth , Cesario Grace , Gibbons Kevin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article combines new marine fish faunal data from medieval and early modern Icelandic archaeological sites with previously published data that focused primarily on the Settlement and Commonwealth periods. This synthesis places these new data into the larger scale of Icelandic history and marine conditions (sea-surface temperature and sea ice) to identify patterns and trends across the last 1000 years of the relationship between humans and Icelandic cod populations. We find no direct correlation between zooarchaeological patterns and sea ice or storminess in the medieval period and a possible correlation in the early modern period. We argue that this suggests a nuanced relationship between changing climates and fishing patterns in Icelandic history. While changes in sea temperature and periods of increased storminess might have made fishing productivity more variable and at times more dangerous, it is only in the early modern period that we see change in the marine zooarchaeological record that might indicate a correlation. Instead, we contend that the impacts of the changing climate relative to marine resources were mediated by social, political, economic, and even technological variables.
Power, Patronage, and the Candidate-nomination Process: Observations from Bangladesh
Authors: KHAN ADEEBA AZIZ 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, by studying the candidate-nomination process of the two major political parties, I show how power is distributed within the political party in Bangladesh. I show that the general acceptance by scholars that political power lies in the hands of the innermost circle of the political-party leadership in Bangladesh is too simplistic. A more nuanced observation of power and influence within the party structure shows that, in the context of Bangladesh's clientelistic political system, which is based on reciprocity between patrons and clients and relies on the ability of middlemen to organize and mobilize (in order to disrupt through hartals and strikes), power is often in the hands of those mid-level leaders who are in charge of mobilizing because their demands cannot be ignored by the topmost leadership. Through studying the candidate-nomination process of the major political parties and using the Narayanganj mayoral election of 2011 as a case study, I answer questions such as whose interests political parties are representing, what channels of influence are being used, and why these channels exist.
Using linguistically defined specific details to detect deception across domains
Authors: Vogler Nikolai , Pearl Lisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrent automatic deception detection approaches tend to rely on cues that are based either on specific lexical items or on linguistically abstract features that are not necessarily motivated by the psychology of deception. Notably, while approaches relying on such features can do well when the content domain is similar for training and testing, they suffer when content changes occur. We investigate new linguistically defined features that aim to capture specific details, a psychologically motivated aspect of truthful versus deceptive language that may be diagnostic across content domains. To ascertain the potential utility of these features, we evaluate them on data sets representing a broad sample of deceptive language, including hotel reviews, opinions about emotionally charged topics, and answers to job interview questions. We additionally evaluate these features as part of a deception detection classifier. We find that these linguistically defined specific detail features are most useful for cross-domain deception detection when the training data differ significantly in content from the test data, and particularly benefit classification accuracy on deceptive documents. We discuss implications of our results for general-purpose approaches to deception detection.
A Person-Centered Representation of Basic Need Satisfaction Balance at Work
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Choisay Frédéric , Fouquereau Evelyne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This study examines how a global overarching need satisfaction construct, together with three specific dimensions (autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs satisfaction) combine within different profiles of workers among two independent samples ( n = 1,419 and n = 677). In addition, this research investigates the role of job demands and resources in the prediction of profile membership, and documents the relation between these profiles and maladaptive outcomes (anxiety and physical fatigue). The results revealed four distinct profiles. Job resources (e.g., participation, organizational support, and work scheduling autonomy) predicted an increased likelihood of membership in the normative profile in both samples. The globally dissatisfied yet moderately autonomous profile was also associated with the highest anxiety levels relative to all other profiles.
Changes in Geothermal Activity at Bárdarbunga, Iceland, Following the 2014–2015 Caldera Collapse, Investigated Using Geothermal System Modeling
Authors: Reynolds Hannah I. , Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Högnadóttir Thórdís , Axelsson Gudni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe gradual collapse of the subglacial Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014–2015 provided an opportunity to explore the geothermal signals produced by large‐scale volcanic events. In August 2014, four ice cauldrons (shallow depressions on the ice surface) formed on the caldera flank. These cauldrons reached their maximum volume rapidly and then shrank, indicating that they were created during minor subglacial eruptions. Several weeks after the start of the collapse, three cauldrons on the caldera rim grew in volume, with four smaller cauldrons forming in 2015–2017. The cauldrons reached volumes in the range of 1.0 ± 0.2 to 27 ± 3 million m3. HYDROTHERM numerical simulations of fluid flow and heat transport in the uppermost 1 km of the crust were performed to explore possible causes for these thermal signals and in particular assess the role of shallow magmatic intrusions. The heat transfer required to create the more rapidly formed caldera‐rim cauldrons can be reproduced with shallow intrusions into high‐permeability pathways, which greatly enhance the surface thermal signal. The preintrusion temperature of the surrounding bedrock has a major effect on heat transfer to the surface, with cold bedrock causing a buffering effect, whereas temperature conditions close to the boiling point of water produce far more efficient heat transfer due to the formation of steam plumes. Not all observed behavior is reproduced by our models, suggesting that geothermal reservoirs below 1‐km depth may play a significant role in the observed thermal anomalies.
Seasonal Evolution of the Surface Layer Heat Balance in the Eastern Subtropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Cyriac A. , McPhaden M. J. , Phillips H. E. , Bindoff N. L. , Feng M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe South Indian Ocean (SIO) is a region of strong air‐sea heat loss due to the unique ocean circulation pattern influenced by the Indonesian Throughflow. In this study, the seasonal variation of the surface layer heat budget in the eastern SIO is investigated using 2 years of measurements from a mooring at 25°S, 100°E, the only colocated upper ocean and surface meteorology time series in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The mooring data are combined with other in situ and satellite data to examine the role of air‐sea fluxes and ocean heat transport on the evolution of mixed layer temperature using heat budget diagnostic models. Results show that on seasonal time scales, mixed layer heat storage in the eastern SIO is mostly balanced by a combination of surface fluxes and turbulent entrainment with a contribution from horizontal advection at times. Solar radiation dominates the seasonal cycle of net surface heat flux, which warms the mixed layer during austral summer (67 W/m2) and cools it during austral winter (−44 W/m2). Entrainment is in good agreement with the heat budget residual for most of the year. Horizontal advection is spatially variable and appears to be dominated by the presence of mesoscale eddies and possibly annual and semiannual Rossby waves propagating from the eastern boundary. Results from the 2‐year mooring‐based data analysis are in reasonably good agreement with a 12‐year regional heat budget analysis around the mooring location using ocean reanalysis products.
Internal Tides Drive Nutrient Fluxes Into the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Over Mid‐ocean Ridges
Authors: Tuerena Robyn E. , Williams Richard G. , Mahaffey Claire , Vic Clément , Green J. A. Mattias , Naveira‐Garabato Alberto , Forryan Alexander , Sharples Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiapycnal mixing of nutrients from the thermocline to the surface sunlit ocean is thought to be relatively weak in the world's subtropical gyres as energy inputs from winds are generally low. The interaction of internal tides with rough topography enhances diapycnal mixing, yet the role of tidally induced diapycnal mixing in sustaining nutrient supply to the surface subtropical ocean remains relatively unexplored. During a field campaign in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, we tested whether tidal interactions with topography enhance diapycnal nitrate fluxes in the upper ocean. We measured an order of magnitude increase in diapycnal nitrate fluxes to the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge compared to the adjacent deep ocean. Internal tides drive this enhancement, with diapycnal nitrate supply to the DCM increasing by a factor of 8 between neap and spring tides. Using a global tidal dissipation database, we find that this spring‐neap enhancement in diapycnal nitrate fluxes is widespread over ridges and seamounts. Mid‐ocean ridges therefore play an important role in sustaining the nutrient supply to the DCM, and these findings may have important implications in a warming global ocean.
Nitrogen Fixation Changes Regulated by Upper Water Structure in the South China Sea During the Last Two Glacial Cycles
Authors: Li Chen , Jian Zhimin , Jia Guodong , Dang Haowen , Wang Jianxin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMarine nitrogen fixation contributes to the budget of biologically available N and thus fuels phytoplankton productivity and carbon cycle through biological pump. Modern N fixation rates are proved to be constrained by oceanographic condition and nutrient supply to the surface waters. However, the paleoceanographic reconstruction of N fixation and its regulation mechanism remain highly uncertain in many regions. Here we present records of N fixation changes in the South China Sea over the past 250,000 years reconstructed by compound‐specific nitrogen isotopes of individual amino acids. The δ15N of source amino acids (δ15NSrc), reflecting the δ15N of the substrate nitrate originating from the subsurface water, is distinctly lower during interglacial periods, indicating intensified N fixation during interglacials. The δ15NSrc of the South China Sea covaries with the thermal gradient between surface and subsurface waters, implying a tight link between the upper water structure and N fixation. It could be hypothesized that stronger mixing during interglacials enhances the supply of excess phosphorous from the subsurface waters and thus encourages the growth of diazotrophs. Furthermore, records of bulk sediment δ15N with relatively high time resolution show dominant precession cycle, probably related to the nutrient supply from subsurface water driven by summer monsoon and associated upper water structure changes. Similar mechanism controlling N fixation is also effective in regions with enough iron supply and low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous, like the North Atlantic, supporting that upper water structure can dominate N fixation rates by regulating nutrient stoichiometry supplied to the surface waters.