bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of trainee characteristics, training attitudes and training need analysis on motivation to transfer training
Authors: Sahoo Malabika , Mishra Sumita 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTrainees’ motivation to transfer the training imparted is an important constituent in determining required training outcomes in organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of trainee characteristics, training attitudes and training need analysis on motivation to transfer training.Design/methodology/approachResearch hypotheses were tested using a survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data from employees of an Indian governmental power transmission organization, attending any one soft skills training programme in the past year. Out of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 389 were deemed useable for the study, producing an effective response rate of 77.8 per cent.FindingsThe findings establish a direct and positive association between trainee characteristics, training attitudes and need analysis with transfer motivation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to extant literature by examining associations in hitherto underexplored areas such as that of training attitudes and training need analysis with transfer motivation. In addition, the findings provide insights into challenges pertaining to transfer motivation in soft skills training initiatives.
Stressor factors, internal communication and commitment to change among administrative staff in Malaysian public higher-education institutions
Authors: Zainun Nor Farah Hanis , Johari Johanim , Adnan Zurina 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The objective of this study is twofold. First, it examines the relationship between stressor factors (i.e. role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity, interpersonal conflict and organizational constraints) and commitment to change. Second, it investigates the moderating effect of internal communication in the hypothesized link.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 225 administrative staff in the public higher education institutions located in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia participated in the study. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Role overload, role ambiguity and organizational constraints pose a substantial influence on commitment to change. Internal communication is a significant moderator in the association between role ambiguity and commitment to change.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the Social Exchange Theory by assessing stressor factors as the predictors of commitment to change. Future studies can further extend the model by examining other variables related to stressor factors and extending the nomological networks of these factors in relation to commitment to organizational change.

Practical implications
This study makes explicit the need for management in public higher education institutions to consider stressor factors, particularly role overload, role ambiguity and organizational constraints, which affect the commitment to change. Furthermore, the aspect of internal communication in public higher education institutions deserves further attention by the management in alleviating role ambiguity and boosting commitment to change among the administrative staff.

Originality/value
The study is one of the pioneers to demonstrate that the presence of internal communication as a moderating factor in assessing the influence of stressors on commitment to change among administrative staff in public higher education institutions. Further, little empirical evidence on commitment to change in terms of normative, affective, and continuance in the setting of Malaysian public higher education institution is available in the literature.
The effect of ownership-control disparity on the Chinese firm’s real activity earnings management
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , An Yohan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of the separation between control and cash flow rights (control-ownership disparity) on the earnings management practices of Chinese firms. The notable features of Chinese firms are those of concentrated ownership and the severe disparity that exists between the control and cash flow rights of controlling shareholders.

Design/methodology/approach
This study measures the level of Chinese firms’ earnings management by adopting two different methods of measurement: accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real activity earnings management (REM). The authors also consider the possible trade-off effects between these two types of measurements. The data set in this study encompasses over 2,000 Chinese firms, using data from 2003 to 2015.

Findings
The results indicate that controlling shareholders are more likely to engage in AEM as their cash flow rights are more concentrated, while they are less likely to use REM as the disparity of control-cash flow rights increases. Further, this inverse relationship between REM and control-cash flow rights disparity becomes more pronounced in the case of a low cash flow rights group. As REM generally causes distortions in firms’ operations, it is possible that the controlling shareholders are more likely to constrain the use of REM as the disparity is perceived to grow. This result may indicate a reduced agency problem between controlling and minority shareholders due to the developing and/or existing ownership dispersions, which are mainly driven by recent reforms applied to Chinese capital markets. However, we do not entirely exclude the possibility of other types of expropriations by the controlling shareholders. It appears that the controlling shareholders are still able to exert a significant level of control, even following a substantial ownership dispersion, and they may seek alternative expropriation methods, including but not limited to intercorporate loan or related party transactions as the disparity of control-cash flow rights increases.

Originality/value
Although the Chinese economy is experiencing a series of reforms to infuse market forces into capital markets, little has been known about the effects of ownership-control disparity in Chinese firms. Our findings highlight the importance of the country specific context in this vein of research.
The benefit of intelligence officers
Authors: Bottema A. Johannes , Telep Cody W. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which intelligence officers integrated at the patrol level contribute to successful case outcomes through information sharing.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes multinomial logistic regression to analyze the outcomes of three years of Intelligence Officer Reports (IORs) submitted by officers trained in the Phoenix Police Department’s Intelligence Officer Program.FindingsThe majority of IORs are either tangible case successes or intelligence successes that have the capacity to become these, as opposed to non-successes. The type of success is impacted by a number of predictors. These include case categorization, nature of crime, information-gathering methods and perceived validity of information. Perceived reliability of information was the only non-significant predictor.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests the benefits of looking at multiple predictors of success in understanding the value of information gathered by intelligence officers in the field. Limitations include a fair amount of missing data and potential lack of generalizability to other agencies. Future research will also consider alternative ways of measuring success and the nesting of reports within officers.Practical implicationsThe study provides insight into key factors for optimizing tangible case outcomes when institutionalizing intelligence-led policing at the patrol level.Originality/valueThis is the first study to consider how intelligence-led policing at the patrol level may influence case outcomes, and, in turn, what factors may contribute to this. Findings provide some initial considerations for optimizing desirable case outcomes.
Toughness-based recovery efficiency of shape memory parts fabricated using material extrusion 3D printing technique
Authors: Garcia Rosales Carlos Alejandro , Kim Hoejin , Garcia Duarte Mario F. , Chavez Luis , Tseng Tzu-Liang Bill , Lin Yirong 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are classified as smart materials owing to their inherent stimulus-induced response. SMPs are capable of recovering partially or totally to its original shape after a high degree of deformation by external stimulus. The most used stimuli are thermal, light, magnetic field and electricity. This research aims to characterize the toughness property of thermo-responsive SMP specimens fabricated by the material extrusion (ME) process and to investigate the impact of ME parameters on specimen maximum load and load-displacement curves. Moreover, to investigate the recovery efficiency based on the initial and post toughness generated by the compact tension test.

Design/methodology/approach
A design of experiments with three parameters (temperature, velocity and layer height) defined the ME settings to fabricate the specimens. The ME raster orientation factor was also evaluated separately. In addition, one more specimen group assisted by a clamp during the recovery process was compared with a specimen control group. After fabrication, specimens were submitted to a thermo-mechanical cycle that encompasses a compact tension test and a thermo-recovery process. Comparison studies of load-displacement, toughness and recovery efficiency of the specimens were carried out to determine the optimized fabrication parameters.

Findings
It was found that ME parameters and raster orientation impacted the test results. Samples with the clamp support during recovery returned a higher toughness than samples without support. Finally, results showed that the shape memory effect can contribute with up to 43 per cent recovery efficiency in a first recovery and up to 23 per cent in a second recovery of damaged specimens.

Originality/value
This paper is a reference for toughness and recovery properties of SMP parts produced by the ME fabrication process.
Energy expenditure of patients on ECMO: A prospective pilot study
Authors: De Waele Elisabeth , Jonckheer Joop , Pen Joeri J. , Demol Joy , Staessens Kurt , Puis Luc , La Meir Mark , Honoré Patrick M. , L. N. G. Malbrain Manu , Spapen Herbert D. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundAn optimal nutritional approach sustained by convenient monitoring of metabolic status and reliable assessment of energy expenditure (EE) may improve the outcome of critically ill patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We previously demonstrated the feasibility of indirect calorimetry (IC)—the standard of care technique to determine caloric targets—in patients undergoing ECMO. This study aims to compare measured with calculated EE during ECMO treatment. We additionally provide median EE values for use in settings where IC is not available.MethodsIC was performed in seven stable ECMO patients. Gas exchange was analyzed at the ventilator, and ECMO side and values were introduced in a modified Weir formula to calculate resting EE. Results were compared with EE calculated with the Harris‐Benedict equation and with the 25 kcal/kg/day ESPEN recommendation.ResultsTotal median oxygen consumption rate was 196 (Q1‐Q3 158‐331) mL/min, and total median carbon dioxide production was 150 (Q1‐Q3 104‐203) mL/min. Clinically relevant differences between calculated and measured EE were observed in all patients. The median EE was 1334 (Q1‐Q3 1134‐2119) kcal/24 hours or 18 (Q1‐Q3 15‐27) kcal/kg/day.ConclusionCompared with measured EE, calculation of EE both over‐ and underestimated caloric needs during ECMO treatment. Despite a median EE of 21 kcal/kg/day, large variability in metabolic rate was found and demands further investigation.
The effect of isocapnic hyperventilation on early recovery after remifentanil/sevoflurane anesthesia in O2/air: A randomized trial
Authors: De Baerdemaeker Andy , Poelaert Jan , Kennedy R. Ross , De Wolf Andre M. , Hendrickx Jan F. A. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIsocapnic hyperventilation (ICHV) may hasten emergence from general anesthesia but remains inadequately studied. We prospectively determined emergence time after sevoflurane anesthesia of variable duration with and without ICHV.MethodsIn 25 ASA I‐II patients, general anesthesia was maintained with one age‐adjusted MAC sevoflurane in O2/air and target‐controlled remifentanil delivery. At the start of skin closure, the remifentanil effect‐site concentration was reduced to 1.5 ng/mL, any residual neuromuscular block reversed, and once the remifentanil effect‐site concentration had decreased to 1.5 ng/mL, remifentanil and sevoflurane administration was stopped, and the fresh gas flow increased above minute ventilation. Patients randomly received either normoventilation (n = 13) or ICHV (doubling minute ventilation while titrating CO2 into the inspiratory limb to maintain isocapnia [n = 12]). Three early recovery end points were determined: time to proper response to verbal command; time to extubation; and time to stating one’s name.ResultsDemographics were the same in both groups. Recovery end points were reached faster in the ICHV group compared to the normoventilation group: time to proper response to verbal command was 7.6 ± 2.2 vs 9.9 ± 2.9 min (P = 0.03); time to extubation was 7.6 ± 2.6 vs 11.0 ± 2.4 min (P = 0.002); and time to stating one’s name was 8.9 ± 2.8 vs 12.5 ± 2.6 min (P = 0.003). Within each group, duration of anesthesia only marginally affected the times to reach these recovery end points.ConclusionIsocapnic hyperventilation only had a small effect on emergence times after anesthesia, suggesting that isocapnic hyperventilation may have limited clinical benefits with modern potent inhaled anesthetics.
An analysis of issues in the classification and reporting of heroin‐related deaths
Authors: Stam Nathan C. , Gerostamoulos Dimitri , Pilgrim Jennifer L. , Smith Karen , Moran Lauren , Parsons Sarah , Drummer Olaf H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsTo investigate the extent of variability in the reporting of heroin‐related deaths in Victoria, Australia. Additionally, to identify opportunities to improve the accuracy and consistency of heroin‐related death reporting by examining variability in the attribution, death certification, classification and coding of heroin‐related death cases.MethodsHeroin‐related deaths in Victoria, Australia during a 2‐year period (2012–13) were identified using the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) and used as the ‘gold standard’ measure in this study. Heroin‐related death data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) were then compared. Differences in the number of deaths reported as well as the classification and coding assigned to the identified heroin‐related death cases were investigated by cross‐referencing these data sets and examining the assigned ICD‐10 codes.ResultsA total of 243 heroin‐related deaths were identified through the NCIS compared with 165 heroin‐related deaths reported by the AIHW and assigned the heroin‐specific ICD‐10 code of T40.1. Forty per cent of all the missed heroin‐related death cases resulted from either the attribution of the death to morphine toxicity or with non‐specific drug toxicity certification; 30% occurred where the cases had been attributed to heroin but there were irregularities in death certification. Additional missed heroin‐related death cases occurred as a result of late initial registration of these deaths to the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and where these cases were then not assessed by the ABS for classification and coding purposes.ConclusionsIn Victoria, Australia, in 2012 and 2013, the overall number of heroin‐related deaths was under‐reported by 32% compared with the number of deaths currently identified by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and reported by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Visual Exploration of Dynamic Multichannel EEG Coherence Networks
Authors: Ji C. , van de Gronde J. J. , Maurits N. M. , Roerdink J. B. T. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) coherence networks represent functional brain connectivity, and are constructed by calculating the coherence between pairs of electrode signals as a function of frequency. Visualization of such networks can provide insight into unexpected patterns of cognitive processing and help neuroscientists to understand brain mechanisms. However, visualizing dynamic EEG coherence networks is a challenge for the analysis of brain connectivity, especially when the spatial structure of the network needs to be taken into account. In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a visualization framework for such dynamic networks. First, requirements for supporting typical tasks in the context of dynamic functional connectivity network analysis were collected from neuroscience researchers. In our design, we consider groups of network nodes and their corresponding spatial location for visualizing the evolution of the dynamic coherence network. We introduce an augmented timeline‐based representation to provide an overview of the evolution of functional units (FUs) and their spatial location over time. This representation can help the viewer to identify relations between functional connectivity and brain regions, as well as to identify persistent or transient functional connectivity patterns across the whole time window. In addition, we introduce the time‐annotated FU map representation to facilitate comparison of the behaviour of nodes between consecutive FU maps. A colour coding is designed that helps to distinguish distinct dynamic FUs. Our implementation also supports interactive exploration. The usefulness of our visualization design was evaluated by an informal user study. The feedback we received shows that our design supports exploratory analysis tasks well. The method can serve as a first step before a complete analysis of dynamic EEG coherence networks.
Physical performance and cognitive functioning among individuals with diabetes: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Baseline Survey
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Tingting , Li Changwei , Wang Jing , Wu Dongmei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to examine individual associations of each physical performance measure with domains of cognitive functioning and to determine best physical performance measures strongly associated with each domain of cognitive functioning among middle‐aged and older adults with diabetes.BackgroundTests of physical performance are strongly correlated with cognitive decline in general elderly population. However, far less is known about individual associations of each individual physical performance measure with domains of cognitive functioning among individuals with diabetes.DesignThe study employed a retrospective, cross‐sectional design.MethodsBaseline data from a national baseline survey collected from May 2011–March 2012 were used. A total of 17,314 individuals aged ≥45 years completed the baseline survey. Diabetes was confirmed for 1,905 participants and these individuals were included in this study.ResultsWhen grip strength, walking speed, repeated chair stands and standing balance test were added in the regression models, walking speed was the only variable that was significantly associated with figure drawing and grip strength was the only variable that was significantly associated with episodic memory, orientation/attention and overall cognitive score.ConclusionSince grip strength was the most important factor associated with several domains of cognitive functioning, strategies that improve grip strength in patients with diabetes are prudent. Early interventions to increase levels of physical activity may be important to improve both grip strength and cognitive functioning in this growing population with diabetes.
Temporal trends in optimal diabetic care and complications of elderly type 2 diabetes patients in Thailand: A nationwide study
Authors: Kaewput Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Mungthin Mathirut , Jindarat Sarawut , Varothai Narittaya , Suwannahitatorn Picha , Rangsin Ram , Mao Michael A , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the nationwide trends in optimal diabetic care and complications of elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over a 6‐year period in Thailand.MethodsT2DM patients aged 65 years or older who received medical care at public hospitals in Thailand from 2010 to 2015 were included. The optimal T2DM care in elderly patients was defined as (1) blood pressure (BP) < 140/90, (2) hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) < 7%, (3) low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) < 100 mg/dL, (4) use of antiplatelet medications, and (5) use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in hypertensive patients. T2DM treatment‐related complications included hospital admissions due to dysglycemia.ResultsA total of 54 295 elderly T2DM patients were enrolled in this study. From 2010 to 2015, there was an increasing trend in the achievement of BP control and use of antiplatelet medications (P for trend < 0.01), whereas there was a decreasing trend in the achievement of HbA1c and LDL‐C control among elderly T2DM patients (P for trend < 0.001). There was an increasing trend in the use of ACEI/ARB among elderly T2DM patients with hypertension (P for trend < 0.001). Hospital admissions due to dysglycemia decreased over the study period (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionThere has been a trend change for diabetic care among elderly T2DM patients in Thailand. Further studies are needed to assess the impact on patient outcomes.
P in the right place: Revisiting the evidential value of P‐values
Authors: Lytsy Per 
Published: November 2018

AbstractP‐values are often calculated when testing hypotheses in quantitative settings, and low P‐values are typically used as evidential measures to support research findings in published medical research. This article reviews old and new arguments questioning the evidential value of P‐values. Critiques of the P‐value include that it is confounded, fickle, and overestimates the evidence against the null. P‐values may turn out falsely low in studies due to random or systematic errors. Even correctly low P‐values do not logically provide support to any hypothesis. Recent studies show low replication rates of significant findings, questioning the dependability of published low P‐values. P‐values are poor indicators in support of scientific propositions. P‐values must be inferred by a thorough understanding of the study's question, design, and conduct. Null hypothesis significance testing will likely remain an important method in quantitative analysis but may be complemented with other statistical techniques that more straightforwardly address the size and precision of an effect or the plausibility that a hypothesis is true.