bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of alanyl‐alanine in an Agnathan: Characteristics of dipeptide transport across the hindgut of the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii
Authors: Weinrauch Alyssa M. , Blewett Tamzin A. , Glover Chris N. , Goss Greg G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study used 3H‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine to demonstrate dipeptide uptake using in vitro gut sacs prepared from the hindgut of the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii. Concentration‐dependent kinetic analysis resulted in a sigmoidal distribution with a maximal (± SE) uptake rate (Jmax‐like) of 70 ± 3 nmol cm−2 h−1 and an affinity constant (Km‐like) of 1072 ± 81 μM. Addition of high alanine concentrations to transport assays did not change dipeptide transport rates, indicating that hydrolysis of the dipeptide in mucosal solutions and subsequent uptake via apical amino acid transporters was not occurring, which was further supported by a Km distinct from that of amino acid transport. Transport occurred independent of mucosal pH, but uptake was reduced by 42% in low mucosal sodium. This may implicate cooperation between peptide transporters and sodium‐proton exchangers, previously demonstrated in several mammalian and teleost species. Finally, apical L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine uptake rates (i.e., mucosal disappearance) were significantly increased following a meal, demonstrating regulation of uptake. Overall, this examination of dipeptide acquisition in the earliest extant Agnathan suggests evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of transport between hagfish and later‐diverging vertebrates such as teleosts and mammals.
Unravelling the stock structure of the Persian brown trout by otolith and scale shape
Authors: Rashidabadi Fahimeh , Abdoli Asghar , Tajbakhsh Fatemeh , Nejat Farshad , Avigliano Esteban 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous use of the scale and otolith morphometry was assessed as a potential tool for the identification of Persian brown trout Salmo trutta stocks of the Lar Lake and five rivers from Lar Basin, Iran. Fourier coefficients (FC) and circularity, rectangularity, roundness, ellipticity and form factor shape indices (SI) were calculated for otolith and scale. Several SIs were significantly different among sites for both structures. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between several pairwise comparisons for otolith and scale (FCs and indices separately). Discriminant analysis showed otolith FCs (cross‐classification rates: 25–86%) and SI (20–45%) appear to be a relatively acceptable tool to discriminate between several locations. Comparatively, the scale morphometry showed lower discriminatory power (FC = 3–65%; SI = 15–34%), with the exception of SI for Elarm River (60%), Kamardasht River (56%) and Lar Lake (75%). Cross‐classification rates improved up to 100% when discriminate analysis incorporating all variables for otolith and scale was performed. The results showed a potential segregation between some water bodies, suggesting that the otolith and scale morphometry could be a useful tool to delimit S. trutta populations in relatively close freshwater environments.
Marginal Fit Evaluation of CAD/CAM All Ceramic Crowns Obtained by Two Digital Workflows: An In Vitro Study Using Micro‐CT Technology
Authors: Duqum Ibrahim Salim , Brenes Christian , Mendonca Gustavo , Carneiro Thiago Almedia Prado Naves , Cooper Lyndon F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the marginal fit of CAD/CAM all ceramic crowns made from lithium disilicate and zirconia using two different fabrication protocols (model and model‐less).Materials and MethodsForty anterior all ceramic restorations (20 lithium disilicate, 20 zirconia) were fabricated from digital impressions using a CEREC Bluecam scanner. Two different digital workflows were used: a fully digital model‐less approach and a printed model digital approach. The crowns were cemented on the respective prepared typodont teeth and marginal gap was evaluated using Micro‐CT. Each specimen was analyzed in sagittal and trans‐axial orientations, allowing evaluation of the marginal fit (vertical and horizontal) on each surface. Logarithmic transformation was used with a significance of 0.05. After that a reliability analysis was performed by re‐measuring four randomized selected images for each specimen and performing intraclass correlations to determine any systematic bias in the measurements.ResultsVertical measurements in the lingual, distal and mesial views had an estimated marginal gap ranging from 101.9 to 133.9 µm for lithium disilicate crowns and 126.4 to 165.4 µm for zirconia. No significant differences were found between model and model‐less techniques.ConclusionsBoth workflows are valid protocols for the fabrication of monolithic ceramic restorations. The use of a printed model did not improve the marginal fit of lithium disilicate or zirconia crowns.Both materials are also clinically acceptable, no matter which workflow was used to obtain the restoration.
Predictors of micronutrient powder (MNP) knowledge, coverage, and consumption during the scale‐up of an integrated infant and young child feeding (IYCF‐MNP) programme in Nepal
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Dahal Pradiumna , Pokharel Rajkumar , Joshi Nira , Paudyal Naveen , Whitehead Ralph D. , Chitekwe Stanley , Mei Zuguo , Lamichhane Bikash , Garg Aashima , Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLarge‐scale programmes using micronutrient powders (MNPs) may not achieve maximum impact due to limited/inappropriate MNP coverage, consumption, and use. We identify predictors of MNP coverage, maternal knowledge of appropriate use, and child MNP consumption in Nepal. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2,578 mother–child pairs representative of children 6–23 months in two districts that were part of the post‐pilot, scale‐up of an integrated infant and young child feeding‐MNP (IYCF‐MNP) programme. Children aged 6–23 months were expected to receive 60 MNP sachets every 6 months from a female community health volunteer (FCHV) or health centre. Outcomes of interest were MNP coverage (ever received), maternal knowledge of appropriate use (correct response to seven questions), repeat coverage (receipt ≥ twice; among children 12–23 months who had received MNP at least once, n = 1342), and high intake (child consumed ≥75% of last distribution, excluding those with recent receipt/insufficient time to use 75% at recommended one‐sachet‐per‐day dose, n = 1422). Multivariable log‐binomial regression models were used to identify predictors of the four outcomes. Coverage, knowledge of appropriate use, and repeat coverage were 61.3%, 33.5%, and 45.9%, respectively. Among MNP receivers, 97.9% consumed MNP at least once and 38.9% of eligible children consumed ≥75% of last distribution. FCHV IYCF‐MNP counselling was positively associated with knowledge, coverage, repeat coverage, and high intake; health worker counselling with knowledge and coverage indicators; and radio messages with coverage indicators only. FCHV counselling had the strongest association with knowledge, coverage, and high intake. Community‐based counselling may play a vital role in improving coverage and intake in MNP programmes.
Predictors of micronutrient powder sachet coverage and recent intake among children 12–23 months in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Ford Nicole D. , Ruth Laird J. , Ngalombi Sarah , Lubowa Abdelrahman , Halati Siti , Ahimbisibwe Martin , Mapango Carine , Whitehead Jr Ralph D. , Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe evaluated predictors of micronutrient powder (MNP) sachet coverage and recent intake using data from a cross‐sectional survey representative of children aged 12–23 months in Amuria district, Uganda. In June/July 2016, caregivers were interviewed 12 months after implementation of an integrated MNP and infant and young child feeding pilot (N = 761). Logistic regression described predictors of (a) high‐MNP sachet coverage (received at least 60 sachets/6 months) and (b) recent intake (consumed MNP during the 2 weeks preceding the survey) among children who had ever received MNP and had complete data (N = 683). Fifty‐nine percent (95% Confidence Interval [CI] [53.8, 64.2]) of children had high‐MNP sachet coverage, and 65.4% (95% CI [61.0, 69.9]) had recent intake. MNP ration cards (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.67, 95% CI [1.15, 6.23]), organoleptic changes to foods cooked with soda ash (AOR 1.52, 95% CI [1.08, 2.14]), having heard of anaemia (AOR 1.59, 95% CI [1.11, 2.26]), knowledge of correct MNP preparation (AOR 1.89, 95% CI [1.11, 3.19]), and current breastfeeding (AOR 2.04, 95% CI [1.36, 3.08]) were positively associated with MNP coverage whereas older child age (18–23 vs. 12–17 months) was inversely associated with coverage (AOR 0.32, 95% CI [0.23, 0.50]). MNP ration cards (AOR 2.86, 95% CI [1.34, 6.09]), having heard an MNP radio jingle (AOR 1.40, 95% CI [1.01, 1.94]), knowledge of correct MNP preparation (AOR 1.88, 95% CI [1.04, 3.39]), and the child not disliking MNP (AOR 1.90, 95% CI [1.13, 3.22]) were positively associated with recent intake. Interventions that increase caregiver knowledge and skills and focus on older children could improve MNP coverage and recent intake.
Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in solanaceous plants
Authors: Li Fangfang , Zhang Mingzhen , Zhang Changwei , Zhou Xueping 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway in the cytoplasm and has emerged as a key defense mechanism against invading pathogens. However, there is no evidence showing nuclear autophagy in plants.
Here, we show that a geminivirus nuclear protein, C1 of tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) induces autophagy and interacts directly with the core autophagy‐related protein ATG8h. The interaction between ATG8h and C1 leads to the translocation of the C1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the decreased protein accumulation of C1, which is dependent on the exportin1‐mediated nuclear export pathway. The degradation of C1 is blocked by autophagy inhibitors and compromised when the autophagy‐related genes (ATGs) ATG8h, ATG5, or ATG7 are knocked down. Similarly, silencing of these ATGs also promotes TLCYnV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants.
The mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1 abolishes its interaction with ATG8h in the cytoplasm but favors its interaction with Fibrillarin1 in the nucleolus. TLCYnV carrying the AIM mutation displays enhanced pathogenicity in solanaceous plants.
Taken together, these data suggest that a new type of nuclear autophagy‐mediated degradation of viral proteins through an exportin1‐dependent nuclear export pathway restricts virus infection in plants.
Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic
Authors: Rahmani Sadia , Defferrari Marina S. , Wakarchuk Warren W. , Antonescu Costin N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEndocytic membrane traffic controls the access of myriad cell surface proteins to the extracellular milieu, and thus gates nutrient uptake, ion homeostasis, signaling, adhesion and migration. Coordination of the regulation of endocytic membrane traffic with a cell's metabolic needs represents an important facet of maintenance of homeostasis under variable conditions of nutrient availability and metabolic demand. Many studies have revealed intimate regulation of endocytic membrane traffic by metabolic cues, from the specific control of certain receptors or transporters, to broader adaptation or remodeling of the endocytic membrane network. We examine how metabolic sensors such as AMP‐activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 determine sufficiency of various metabolites, and in turn modulate cellular functions that includes control of endocytic membrane traffic. We also examine how certain metabolites can directly control endocytic traffic proteins, such as the regulation of specific protein glycosylation by limiting levels of uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) produced by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. From these ideas emerge a growing appreciation that endocytic membrane traffic is orchestrated by many intrinsic signals derived from cell metabolism, allowing alignment of the functions of cell surface proteins with cellular metabolic requirements. Endocytic membrane traffic determines how cells interact with their environment, thus defining many aspects of nutrient uptake and energy consumption. We examine how intrinsic signals that reflect metabolic status of a cell regulate endocytic traffic of specific proteins, and, in some cases, exert broad control of endocytic membrane traffic phenomena. Hence, endocytic traffic is versatile and adaptable and can be modulated to meet the changing metabolic requirements of a cell.
Occurrence of disinfectant by‐products in desalinated drinking water in Egypt
Authors: Mishaqa El‐Sayed I. , Radwan Emad K. , Dagher Tamer M. , Ibrahim M. B. M. , Hegazy Talaat A. , Ibrahim Mahmoud S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeawater desalination is used to satisfy water needs in many countries worldwide. Disinfection is used during desalination process to avoid microbiological regrowth and biofouling. The disinfectant reacts with natural organic matter and inorganic compounds (e.g. Fe2+, Mn2+, S2−, bromide, iodide, etc.) leading to the formation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs) in desalinated water. The DBPs represent a great threat to human health due to their possible cancer and non‐cancer risks. In this work, the occurrence of DBPs in desalinated water and total organic carbon (TOC), and total organic halogen (TOX) levels were monitored. Since the water characteristics play a key role in determining the type and quantity of generated DBPs, the inorganic parameters were measured as well. The measured values of selected regulated DBPs compounds, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were found far below the regulatory limits of Egypt, USEPA and WHO.
Toward Automation of the Supine Pressor Test for Preeclampsia
Authors: Qureshi Hamna J. , Ma Jessica L. , Anderson Jennifer L. , Bosinski Brett M. , Acharya Aditi , Bennett Rachel D. , Haas David M. , Cox Abigail D. , Wodicka George R. , Reuter David G. , Goergen Craig J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPreeclampsia leads to increased risk of morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. Most previous studies have largely neglected mechanical compression of the left renal vein by the gravid uterus as a potential mechanism. In this study, we first used a murine model to investigate the pathophysiology of left renal vein constriction. The results indicate that prolonged renal vein stenosis after 14 days can cause renal necrosis and an increase in blood pressure (BP) of roughly 30 mmHg. The second part of this study aimed to automate a diagnostic tool, known as the supine pressor test (SPT), to enable pregnant women to assess their preeclampsia development risk. A positive SPT has been previously defined as an increase of at least 20 mmHg in diastolic BP when switching between left lateral recumbent and supine positions. The results from this study established a baseline BP increase between the two body positions in nonpregnant women and demonstrated the feasibility of an autonomous SPT in pregnant women. Our results demonstrate that there is a baseline increase in BP of roughly 10–14 mmHg and that pregnant women can autonomously perform the SPT. Overall, this work in both rodents and humans suggests that (1) stenosis of the left renal vein in mice leads to elevation in BP and acute renal failure, (2) nonpregnant women experience a baseline increase in BP when they shift from left lateral recumbent to supine position, and (3) the SPT can be automated and used autonomously.
An OpenFOAM-Based Extension of Low-Re k–ε Model to the Partially Averaged Navier–Stokes Methodology for Simulating Separated Flows With Heat Transfer
Authors: Chakraborty Krishnendu , Saroha Sagar , Sinha Sawan S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) methodology is known to give improved performance over the traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) formulation at an affordable computational cost. Over the years, PANS has gained popularity in both industry and academia. In this work, we strive to improve the performance of the k–ε-based PANS methodology by formulating a low-Reynolds-number (LRN) k–ε model-based PANS closure. We have compared the PANS closure based on Launder-Sharma k–ε model (LSKE) with PANS closure based on the conventional two-layer k–ε model (TLKE) in the classical case of separated flow past a heated square cylinder at Reynolds number (Re) of 21,400. The PANS methodologies are compared on the basis of flow hydrodynamics, heat transfer rate, and computational time. These methodologies are compared with the benchmark experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. The PANS + LSKE methodology clearly outperforms the conventional PANS + TLKE methodology in predicting the flow hydrodynamics and is computationally much faster as well. Moreover, the performance of the LSKE model in conjunction with the PANS methodology is found to be comparable to the more recent models like the shear stress transport (SST)–k–ω and the k–ε–ζ–f model. In heat transfer aspects, the performance of LSKE (with Yap correction)-based closure is the best on the stagnation surface, while the LSKE (without Yap correction)-based closure performs comparably better on the lateral and rear surfaces.
Liquidation in Target Zone Models
Authors: Belak Christoph , Muhle-Karbe Johannes , Ou Kevin 
Published: October 2019

We study optimal liquidation in “target zone models” — asset prices with a reflecting boundary enforced by regulatory interventions. This can be treated as a special case of an Almgren–Chriss model with running and terminal inventory costs and general predictive signals about price changes. The optimal liquidation rate in target-zone models can in turn be characterized as the “theta” of a lookback option, leading to explicit formulas for Bachelier or Black–Scholes dynamics.
РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО РОЗРОБКИ ШКАЛИ РІВНІВ ВПЛИВУ НА БЮДЖЕТ ПРИ ОЦІНЦІ ЗАКУПІВЛІ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Oleschuk O.M. , Dumenko T. M. , Pinyazhko O. B. , Romanenko I. M. , Klimenko M. M. , Topachevsky O. A. , Leleka M. B. 
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Розробка шкали рівнів впливу на бюджет при оцінці включення лікарського засобу до Національного переліку основних лікарських засобів (Національного переліку) під час аналізу економічної ефективності лікарських засобів (ЛЗ).
Матеріали і методи. З використанням АВС-аналізу розроблено рекомендації з оцінки потенційного впливу на бюджет ЛЗ у разі його включення до Національного переліку. В дослідженні використано дані, представлені системою дослідження ринку «Фармексплорер», Support in Market Development (SMD) за 2018 рік.
Результати й обговорення. Розроблену шкалу рівнів впливу на бюджет рекомендовано використовувати для оцінки фінансових наслідків використання медичної технології протягом відповідного часового горизонту - на 1 та більше років для забезпечення належного рівня функціонування у сфері охорони здоров’я. Якщо витрати на одну міжнародну непатентовану назву (МНН) при закупівлі за кошти державного та місцевого бюджетів перевищують 40 млн грн на рік, то вплив на бюджет буде надмірний. Якщо витрати на одну МНН знаходяться в межах від 20 млн до 40 млн грн, то вплив на бюджет – великий, якщо витрати становлять від 10 до 20 млн грн – помірний, а менше 10 млн грн - незначний. При умові включення ЛЗ до Національного переліку для закупівлі закладами та установами охорони здоров’я, що фінансуються з місцевих бюджетів, шкала рівнів впливу на бюджет має таку градацію: якщо витрати на одну МНН перевищують 17 млн грн на рік, то вплив на бюджет буде надмірний, в межах від 6 до 17 млн грн – великий, в межах від 3 до 6 млн грн - помірний, менше 3 млн – незначний.
Висновок. На основі проведеного аналізу закупівель ЛЗ з Національного переліку за 2018 рік розроблено шкалу рівнів впливу на бюджет, яка має таку градацію за чотирма рівнями впливу: надмірний, великий, помірний та незначний. Перспективним є використання шкали рівнів впливу на бюджет при оцінці медичних технологій з метою їх подальшого фінансування за кошти державного та місцевих бюджетів в Україні.
ВПЛИВ СУПОЗИТОРІЇВ «МЕЛАНІЗОЛ» НА КЛІНІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КРОВІ НА ТЛІ НЕСПЕЦИФІЧНОГО ВАГІНІТУ У ЩУРІВ
Authors: Dolzhykova O. V. , Maloshtan L. M. 
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу нових вагінальних супозиторіїв «Меланізол» на клінічні показники крові на тлі неспецифічного вагініту у щурів.
Матеріали і методи. Неспецифічний вагініт моделювали шляхом одноразової внутрішньопіхвової аплікації іританту (суміш скипидару та диметилсульфоксиду) нелінійним щурам-самицям. У якості контролю лікування вагініту використовували показники: температуру у піхві, ШОЕ, кількість лейкоцитів та лейкоцитарну формулу крові. Препаратом порівняння слугували супозиторії «Гравагін» вітчизняного виробництва, рекомендовані для лікування неспецифічних вагінітів.
Результати й обговорення. В результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено, що супозиторії «Меланізол», які містять метронідазол і олію чайного дерева, протягом лікування неспецифічного вагініту достовірно знижують температуру у піхві, кількість лейкоцитів і ШОЕ у крові щурів-самок та відновлюють показники лейкоцитарної формули по відношенню до тварин групи контрольної патології та до першої доби дослідження протягом усього експерименту. Це свідчить про лікувальний вплив досліджуваних супозиторіїв «Меланізол» в умовах експериментального неспецифічного вагініту, а саме про зменшення проявів запалення. Встановлено, що за ефективністю зменшувати клінічні прояви вагініту, досліджувані супозиторії «Меланізол» достовірно перевершують препарат порівняння «Гравагін».
Висновки. Отримані в результаті експерименту дані дозволяють рекомендувати супозиторії «Меланізол» для подальшого вивчення в якості лікарського засобу з протизапальним ефектом для лікування неспецифічних вагінітів.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИБОРУ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЛЯ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТАБЛЕТОК З РОСЛИННИМИ ЕКСТРАКТАМИ ТА ЕФІРНОЮ ОЛІЄЮ
Authors: Hordiienko O. I. , Hroshovyi Т. А. 
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідити та обрати оптимальні допоміжні речовини (ДР) у склад таблеток на основі сухих екстрактів трави герані криваво-червоної, герані сибірської та ефірної олії шавлії мускатної для місцевого застосування у ротовій порожнині.
Матеріали і методи. У склад таблеток входить фармацевтична композиція, що містить сухі екстракти трави герані криваво-червоної і герані сибірської, ефірну олію шавлії мускатної, а також ДР. Вплив ДР на фармако-технологічні властивості таблеток вивчали за показниками: процес пресування, зовнішній вигляд, однорідність маси, стійкість до роздавлювання, стираність, час розпадання.
Результати й обговорення. Результати дисперсійного аналізу експериментальних даних показали, що процес пресування таблеток із МКЦ 102, натрій кроскармелозою та неусіліном UFL2 проходив рівномірно, без адгезії порошкових мас до прес-інструмента. Таблетки із неусіліном UFL 2, компактролом, Ді-Пак і просолвом SMCC 90 мали найкращий зовнішній вигляд. Однорідність маси таблеток в межах ±5 % забезпечували наступні ДР: компактрол, емкомпрес, крохмаль кукурудзяний і прежелатинізований, натрій стеарилфумарат, магній карбонат основний, МКЦ 102, манітол 60. Найміцніші таблетки отримували з допомогою неусіліну US 2, МКЦ 200, натрій карбоксиметилкрохмалю, мікроцелаку 100, Ді-Паку і магній стеарату. Неусілін UFL 2, емкомпрес, МКЦ 102, крохмаль прежелатинізований, лудіпрес і кислота стеаринова дозволили отримати таблетки із найменшою стираністю. А найшвидше розпадались таблетки із натрій кроскармелозою, аеросилом 200, МКЦ бурстом, манітолом 60, емкомпресом і натрій стеарилфумаратом.
Висновки. За сукупністю вивчених показників відібрані кращі поєднання ДР для подальшого вивчення з метою розробки оптимального складу та технології таблеток для місцевого застосування у ротовій порожнині.