bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Technique for Smart Parking Management System in a Smart City
Authors: Paban Panda Patita , Sekhar Das Sudhansu 
Published: April 2019

Considering the urban environment, we proposed a new model â€œParking Management Systemâ€. The complete model provides you the basic features of the parking system. The system designates an exact parking slot for the driver. On the basis of user requirement, it includes the proximity to destination and the cost of parking. The capacity of overall parking is utilized efficiently. The system approach solves the problem at individual decisions in a time driven sequence. This is the most favorable solution based on the allocation on present state affair and subject to the arbitrary incidents such as the request of the new user and availability of the parking space. At the next decision point, the allocation is updated ensuring that there is no conflicts in the resource reservation and the assignment of resource have the higher cost than the current cost of function value. The proposed system enables users to find out the free parking space on the cost on new performance metrics to calculate the cost of user parking under the consideration of distance and the total no of free places. The system show that the algorithm helps improves the probability of successful parking and the user waiting time is minimized. The proposed system is implemented by us in the real world successfully.Â Â
Serially Concatenated Low-density Parity Check Codes as Compatible Pairs
Authors: Ali Jassim Amjad , A. Hadi. Wael , Ismael Ibrahim Al-Firas Muhanned 
Published: April 2019

Low-density parity checks (LDPC) codes are considered good performance error correction codes. However, decoder complexity increases with increasing code length. In this study, we introduce short-length serially concatenated LDPC codes. The proposed technique uses pairs of compatible LDPC codes that act as outer and inner serially concatenated codes. In this code pair, the inner code takes input that is the same length as the outer LDPC encoder output. This study examined two cases of LDPC codes as compatible pairs with low numbers of iterations and compared bit error rate (BER) performance to a standalone LDPC code with an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We also considered the quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64-QAM system modulation schemes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system has good BER performance compared to a standalone LDPC code, the results summarized in table and performance curves.Â Â Â
Flat sheet of Zinc material as a filter for gamma photons in Tc-99mm SPECT imaging
Authors: Abdullah Nazifah , Shah Syed Inayatullah , Zakaria Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

Purpose of the Study: Scattered gamma photons in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the main issues that degrade the image quality. There are several types of scatter correction methods. However, none of the technique is applied in routine clinical Tc-99m SPECT imaging. Therefore, Zinc (Zn) material filter was constructed for pre-filtration of scattered gamma photons in Tc-99m single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Materials and Methods: Tc-99m radioactivity was administered into the Carlsonâ€™s phantom. Planar and tomographic data were acquired with and without hot regions insert, respectively, with and without material filter. Scatter to non-scatter ratio was measured from the photopeak region of Tc-99m spectra. Tomographic images were generated using filtered back projection method. Contours on images were drawn with ImageJ software. Images obtained with and without material filter were analysed in terms of detectability of hot regions.Results: Remarkable decrease (â‰ˆ 21%) in the ratio of scattered to non-scattered gamma photons with material filter was achieved. Detectability of smaller hot regions with material filter was enhanced. In terms of sizes of all hot regions, material filter results appear closer to the original sizes.Conclusion: Material filter technique could be applied in Tc-99m clinical SPECT, while organ phantom studies are needed.Â Â Â
The Investorsâ€™ Perspective on Investment Attractiveness of Oil and Gas Exploration Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Riswan Khaidir , Fani Cahyandito Martha , Herwany Aldrin , Anwar Mokhamad 
Published: April 2019

As from the year 2011 to date, the oil and gas exploration (O&G) industry in Indonesia is not attractive anymore to the investors. It is clearly shown by all indicators of the O&G exploration performance in Indonesia which decline sharply causing the RRR (Reserves Replacement Ratio) is currently about 0.5.Â As the result the national O&G reserves and production decline as well. Starting the year 2004 Indonesia has become an oil nett impoter; the consumption is much bigger than the national production. This is threatening the availability of O&G energy source so that it can cause state instability. This study aims to conduct the assessment of the investorsâ€™ perspective on the investment attractivenesss of O&G exploration industry in Indonesia, taking into account two main variables, i.e: the Government Regulation and Global Environment Variables using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The units of analysis are the O&G investors which means the shareholders. Meanwhile, observation units are the top management and the managers of O&G companies in Indonesia. Result of the study shows that Government Regulation Variable is the worse variable to accommodate the investorsâ€™ expectation causing the low attractiveness of the O&G exploration industry in Indonesia. Surprisingly the influence of Global Environment variables, such as world crude oil price, is not significant compared to the Government Regulation. To increase the attractiveness of O&G exploration industry, Government of Indonesia should reform the existing regulation and increase government support for this industry to match the global environment which keeps changing.Â Â
Social Engineering for Ethical Dilemma about Anti-Corruption Intellectual Consciousness
Authors: Wahyu Prananta Arie , Siahaan Hotman 
Published: April 2019

This study aims to find that high integrity is to break away from personal roles and public roles, starting with the selection of places they develop intellectuals in the anti-corruption movement. So they choose a place that can accommodate the minds of those who are anti-mainstream and dare to get out of their comfort zones and enter into a system to change the system, even though at risk they will become isolated individuals, unpopular and always in a separate space. For those who from the beginning chose the area of power and politics gave rise to two groups of intellectuals, namely the group that still wishes to carry out anti-corruption thinking and groups that merge into corruptors. The ethical dilemma for groups in the area of the anti-corruption movement is lighter because the ethical dilemma is in his role. While the groups in the field of power and politics are more massive because some can only see and experience extraordinary shock until stressed but cannot report it, some others fall into the world of corruption.Â Â
Effectiveness of Desa Siaga-Alert Village Programs for Empowerment of Self-Independent Communities Case Study: Desa Siaga Rabies-Rabies Alert Villag of Martajaya Village, Pasangkayu District
Authors: Farida Umi , . Ansar , Bata Ilyas Gunawan , . Jamaludin , Sahabudin Chuduriah 
Published: April 2019

The concept of Desa Siaga is to build one system in a village that is responsible for the health of the community itself. Desa Siaga encourages people to have the ability and initiative to respond immediately. The aim of the study will review the problem of how effective the Desa Siaga RabiesÂ program is for independent healthy community empowerment in Martajaya Village, Pasangkayu District. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Desa Siaga Rabies program has run quite well, but it cannot be said to be effective for the empowerment of independent healthy communities..Â Â Â
Primary School Teachersâ€™ Understanding of Critical Thinking in KSSR Classroom and Its Importance to Students
Authors: Kamarulzaman Wirawani , Hashim Rosnani 
Published: April 2019

Critical thinking is one of the 21st century skills that should be equipped to students to prepare them with the challenges ahead. Teachers should be prepared to teach them these skills and their understanding of the concept itself should be explored. Thus, the objectives of the study are to investigate teachersâ€™ understanding of critical thinking in KSSR (Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah: New Primary School Curriculum) classroom and to explore their perception on the importance of the skills to student. Six primary school teachers were interviewed and transcriptions were made. The data was analyzed through colour coding and themes were emerged from the analysis. The findings found that teachers view critical thinking as the ability to gather information, express thoughts, solve problems and analyze. They were found the skills are important for students as it helps them apply knowledge and make decisions. It is hoped that in future research, the definition of critical thinking could be collected quantitatively from teachers. The study will be benefited to teachers to improve teaching method by understanding the concept itself.Â Â Â
Channel accessing and handoff mechanisms in TV white spaces based on channel sensing and database information
Authors: Chaitanya K Krishna , CK Meghalatha , K Annapurna , Ramanjaneyulu B Seetha 
Published: April 2019

Opportunistic channel accessing and handoff mechanisms are crucial for the successful implementation of cognitive radio networks that depend on vacant channel frequencies of TV white spaces and other primary users. In this work, two such mechanisms that enable quick accessing of vacant channels and cause less interference to primary users are proposed. In these methods, combination of database information and local sensing of channels is used, to know about available vacant channels. If the primary user of incumbent channel returns, the secondary user moves to another vacant channel that is found to be free after scanning. Information from database can be used to speed up the process by limiting the scanning to few probable channels, instead of searching for all. The results show that these methods offer quick handoff of secondary users and cause less interference to primary users.Â Â
Experimental Study of Replacement the Tension Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Beams by Steel Pipes
Authors: Saadoon Al-Yassri Labeeb , Mahdi Al-Khekany Alaa , Satea Abbas Hajer 
Published: April 2019

Structures designed with reinforced concrete beams are used extensively in construction projects because of their functional and economic features. In this research, tested concrete beams were cast and reinforced with small diameter steel pipes and /or steel bars as flexural reinforcement to study the effect of this configuration of reinforcement on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The idea of this research involves performing and testing of four reinforced concrete beams reinforced by small diameter steel pipes with different percentages of replacement with traditional steel bars (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%). The experimental results showed that using of steel pipes reduces the flexural capacity by (2.7, 18.3, 37.5%) if compared with traditional steel bar according to the replacement percentages of (33%, 66%, and 100%) respectively. Moreover, the stiffness of beams reinforced with steel pipes (fully or partially) decreased as a result of the difference in the mechanical properties between steel bar and the steel pipe and also, the bond strength reduction between the smooth steel pipe and surrounded concrete.Â Â
Tensile Behavior of Alternative Reinforcing Materials as Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Mortar FRCM
Authors: A. Mousa Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

The adoption of new reinforcing and retrofitting materials provide an alternative and affordable techniques that can be utilized in low-income communities. FRCM is comprised of a broad spectrum family of reinforcing materials such that it allowed utilizing affordable local alternatives such as fishing net FN and welded wire steel mesh WWSM. The composite effectiveness stems from the compatible inorganic matrix properties which have similar properties to the substrate unlike other composites such as FRP. The tensile response of FN and WWSM and their mortar composites has been experimentally studied to characterize their strength, deformation, and the bonding between the reinforcement and the mortar. Experimental investigations on dog-bone composites specimens with their materials samples subjected to uniaxial tensile load were performed. The experimental campaign included testing 12 composite specimens taking into account multiple parameters like material, thread thickness, and the layer effect. The results show comparable strengths and high deformation capacity (12.5 times) of FN to the WWSM. Finally, the SEM imaging shows a well-impregnation between the mortar and the reinforcement of both materials. The tensile response of the composite emphasizes its potential as structural retrofitting and hazard mitigation technique for local builders and house owners in developing countries.Â Â
Physicochemical Quality Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Salman Dawood Ammar , Sagban Khudier Ahmed , Naeemah Bashara Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PIÂ 5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na%Â 8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations.Â The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS > 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.Â Â
Finite Element Analysis for The Response of URM Walls Supporting RC Slab
Authors: Rafid Ahmed Ammar , H. Al-Zuhairi Alaa 
Published: April 2019

The aim for this research is to investigate the effect of inclusion of crack incidence into the 2D numerical model of the masonry units and bonding mortar on the behavior of unreinforced masonry walls supporting a loaded reinforced concrete slab. The finite element method was implemented for the modeling and analysis of unreinforced masonry walls. In this paper, ABAQUS, FE software with implicit solver was used to model and analyze unreinforced masonry walls which are subjected to a vertical load. Detailed Micro Modeling technique was used to model the masonry units, mortar and unit-mortar interface separately. It was found that considering potential pure tensional cracks located vertically in the middle of the mortar and units shows an increase in masonry strength of about 10% than the strength calculated using the procedure recommended by the Masonry Society Joint Committee in the building code.Â Â
Torsional Strength Enhancement of Reinforced SCC Box Beams Using Internal Transverse Steel Bracing Technique
Authors: Hussein Abdallah Muhammad , Hameed Aziz Ali 
Published: April 2019

An experimental investigation was conducted, in this paper, to evaluate the torsional strength enhancement of reinforced self-compacting concrete box beams using internal transverse steel bracing technique. Seven beam specimens have dimensions of (2100x300x300mm) for length; width and depth respectively, were poured and tested under pure torsion. Three variables were adopted in the present study; presence or absence of steel bracings, type of steel bracing (X-Type and XW-Type) and a number of steel bracing (1,3 and 5). Accordingly, the tested beams are divided into three groups (based on steel bracing type), the first group consists of one non-strengthened beam specimen (reference), the second group consists of three beams strengthened by X-Type steel bracing; while, the third group consists of three beams strengthened by XW-Type steel bracing. It was found that the ultimate torque moment increased by about (14.4%, 34.3% and 59.2%) for beam specimens containing one, three and five X-Type steel bracing, respectively, in comparison with the reference beam. While, the ultimate torque moment increased by about (21.9%, 41.8% and 71.6%), for beam specimens containing one, three and five XW-Type steel bracing, respectively, in comparison with the reference beam. The paper concludes that the contribution was enhanced using the adopted technique.Â Â Â
Influence of a Retarding Admixture on the Behavior of Mortars Made from Different Types of Cement
Authors: Merawi Borhan Tumadhir , A. Al-Ramahee Munaf , Al-Hassnawi Noor , Ali AlZaidi Zaid 
Published: April 2019

The effect of retarding admixture on the fresh and hardened behaviour of different types of cement mortars and pastes when using a retarding admixture was investigated in this study. The types of cement used are; White cement (WhC), Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Sulphate Resistant Portland cement (SRC). Different cement mortar and paste mixes were cast, for this purpose, with and without the admixture. Initial and final setting times, compressive strength, length change, absorption and density for these mixes were examined at the curing ages of 3,7,28,45 days. The results showed that the addition of retarding admixture delayed the setting time significantly of WhC paste. The retarding admixture has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the mortar specimens for all types of cement used. regarding the length change test, the admixture was found to reduce the initial expansion for all types of cement at all ages. The results also showed an increase in the density and decrease in water absorption, especially at the later ages for all types of cement.Â Among all cement types used, WhC was noticeably the most affected type by using the retarding admixture compared to other types of cement used.Â Â
Optimum Design of Steel Trapezoidal Box-Girders Using Finite Element Method
Authors: H. Mohammed Abbas , S. Abdul-Razzaq Khattab 
Published: April 2019

The target of basic plan is to choose part sizes with the ideal proportioning of the in general auxiliary geometry. Regular steel trapezoidal box-supports have been utilized generally in different designing fields. The target of this examination is to create three-dimensional limited component display for the size improvement of steel trapezoidal box-braces. The limited component programming bundle ANSYS was utilized to decide the ideal cross segment measurement for the steel trapezoidal-box support. Two target capacities were considered in this investigation which are: minimization of the strain vitality and minimization of the volume. The plan factors are the width of the best spine, the width of the base rib, the thickness of the best rib, the thickness of the base rib, the stature of the support and the thickness of the networks. The imperatives considered in this examination are the ordinary and shear worry in steel brace and the dislodging at mid-length of the support. Improvement consequences of steel brace show that the ideal territory of cross segment for the strain vitality minimization is more noteworthy than the ideal for volume minimization by 6 %. The base cross area is the financial structure, hence the volume minimization is more pertinence for steel brace advancement.Â Â
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on Shear Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete Beams
Authors: A. Ismael Murtada , J. Abd Haitham , A. Hameed Adham 
Published: April 2019

This research presents an experimental study to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate maximum size on the shear behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC) slender beams having the same compressive strength and make a comparison between the shear behavior of concrete beams. The experimental program included casting and testing eight beams with a constant size of 150mm height Ã—125mm widthÃ—1000mm length. Two coarse aggregate maximum sizes were used (10mm and 20mm) with SCC and CC in normal and high strength concrete. The results showed that increasing the coarse aggregate maximum size from 10mm to 20mm results in a slight increase in the diagonal cracking load and ultimate shear strength of SCC beams, while for CC beams the result was more significant. Also, it was found that the effect of increasing the coarse aggregate maximum size was more significant for normal strength as compared with high strength beams for both concrete types. Furthermore, the comparison between the shear behavior of SCC and CC beams having the same compressive strength and a concrete with the same coarse aggregate maximum size revealed that the SCC exhibited less diagonal cracking load and less ultimate strength compared with CC.Â Â Â
Improvement of Gypsum Soil by Using Polyurethane to Reduce Erosion and Solubility of Irrigation Canals
Authors: Th. Al-Hadidi Maysam , G. Ibrahim Atheer 
Published: April 2019

The reducing of erosion and the solubility of irrigation canals soils which constructed on gypsum soil is important in civil and water resources engineering. The main problem of gypsum soils is the presence of gypsum which represents one of most complex engineering problems, especially when accompanied by the moving of water which represent dynamic load along the canal. There are several solutions to this problem, in this research â€œPoly urethaneâ€ is used to give the gypsum soil sufficient hardness to reduce the solubility and erosion, after compacting the soil in the canal, percentages of Poly urethane was used to making cover to the soil by mixing percent of soil with Poly urethane, and the ratio was as follows: (5 and 10) % and the percent of Poly urethane were as follows: 6%, 10%, and 12%. The collapsibility of the soil was calculated by measuring the height of the soil after the passage of water along the canal. This collapsibility was used as an index to calculate the erosion and the solubility of gypsum within the soil. The results show that the best percentage of poly urethane is (10%), which gave small value in corrosion about (3%) at 28 days.Â Â
Effects of Soluble Lignocellulose Substances of Wood Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: M. ALmusawi Aqil , A. ALzaidi Zaid , A. Qasim Tamara 
Published: April 2019

Recent trends in lightweight concrete manufacturing have led to a proliferation of studies demonstrating that wood aggregates can be used to produce sustainable green concrete composites. However, wood particles contain soluble substances (saccharides), which have a significant effect on the setting time of Portland cement. To attain a better understanding of this, two types of wood were treated in boiling water. After the treatment process, the resulting water (â€œboiling water of woodâ€) was used to study its effect on the initial setting time of Portland cement. The mechanical properties and the density were also investigated for concrete mixtures consisting of 0, 5, 7.5, and 10% treated wood particles (weight replacement from coarse aggregate). As a result, the effect of the woodâ€™s soluble substances was determined and the optimum mix proportion was chosen for achieving the minimum nominal density and the best mechanical properties.Â Â