bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-12 Peripheral blood parameters as proxies of performance in beef cattle: Heritability and genetic correlations between peripheral blood parameters and performance phenotypes
Authors: Chinchilla-Vargas Josue , Kramer Luke M , Tucker John D , Hubbell Donald S , Powell Jeremy G , Lester Toby D , Backes Elizabeth A , Anschutz Karen , Stalder Kenneth J , Rothschild Max F , Koltes James E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Disease incidence and feed costs are two main drivers in cattle production operations. Frequently environmental stressors such as fescue toxicosis have negative effects on livestock performance and health. Low-cost methods to measure these types of health and stress response phenotypes are needed to capture their impact on production traits. Previous research has correlated white blood cell parameters to disease resistance in beef cattle. Based on this, blood parameters at weaning may be candidates that could be a proxy for selection and identification of high-performance animals in commercial settings. To identify candidate blood parameters, blood samples were collected at weaning on approximately 500 crossbred animals (Angus background crossed with Hereford, Charolais, Sim-Angus, Brangus) born between 2015 and 2016 and raised on toxic fescue. The animals were also genotyped at an approximate density of 50,000 SNPs. Complete blood counts (CBC) were obtained the blood samples and heritabilities for 15 peripheral blood parameters were estimated. For the CBC traits that were measured, heritabilities ranged from low to moderate (0.02 to 0.35). Based on current findings, a substantial genetic component for some CBC parameters exists and selection could be effective at improving these traits. Further research will estimate genetic correlations between peripheral blood parameters, weaning weight and average daily gain (ADG) with the intention of identifying correlated traits to be used in commercial selection programs.
PSIII-7 Production trait differences between show pig and commerical genetic lines
Authors: Peppmeier Zack , Obermier Dalton R , Knauer Mark 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective was to compare growth and body composition of pigs sired by boars from the show pig industry to those sired by modern commercial genetic lines. Data included one group of 174 male pigs from 16 sires and 50 dams. Pigs were sired by Large White (LW) show pig sires (SHOW) or one of two maternal LW commercial genetic lines (W or P). Dams of all pigs evaluated were from line P. Pigs were weaned at 27 d of age and placed into a mechanically ventilated nursery (0.23 m2 per pig). After 35 d in the nursery, pigs moved to a naturally ventilated finisher (0.74 m2 per pig) with fully slatted floors. Weight, 10th rib backfat, and loin eye area (LEA) were collected at 156 d of age (backfat and LEA adjusted to 114 kg). Data was analyzed using PROC GLM with a fixed effect of genetic line and covariates of weaning age and birth weight. A one day increase in weaning age increased (P < 0.01) 156 d weight by 658 g. Nursery average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P < 0.01) for pigs sired by SHOW and W when compared to P (414 and 397 vs. 351 g, respectively) yet finishing ADG did not differ (P > 0.05) (821 and 817 vs. 797 g, respectively). Backfat was thicker (P < 0.01) for SHOW when compared to W or P (16.7 vs. 14.7 and 14.7 mm, respectively) and LEA was larger (P < 0.05) for SHOW when compared to W or P (47.3 vs. 44.8 and 44.0 cm2, respectively). Finishing lean gain per day was greater (P < 0.05) for SHOW and W when compared to P (323 and 322 vs. 309 g per d, respectively). Results suggest pigs sired by LW SHOW are fatter, heavier muscled, and have comparable lean growth to those sired by commercial LW genetic lines.
PSIII-23 Characterization of oxidized oil-elicited disruption of amino acid metabolism in nursery pigs through metabolomic analysis
Authors: Guo Yue , Hanson Andrea , Wang Lei , Kerr Brian , Urriola Pedro , Shurson Gerald , Saqui-Salces Milena , Chen Chi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Feeding oxidized lipids compromises growth performance of pigs, but the metabolic events contributing to this adverse effect are not well defined. In this study, oxidized corn oil (OCO) was prepared by heating control corn oil (CCO) at 185 oC for 12 h. Weanling pigs (initial BW = 6.3 ± 1.4 kg) were fed 4 isocaloric diets containing 9% CCO, 6% CCO + 3% OCO, 3% CCO + 6% OCO, and 9% OCO, respectively. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to experimental diets in 3 phases (phase 1 = 4 d, phase 2 = 10 d and phase 3 = 21 d) for 35 d. Pig body weight (BW) and feed disappearance were determined at the d 0, 4, 14 and 35 to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed (G:F) ratio. Serum and liver samples collected on d 35 of feeding were analyzed by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis. Growth performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and metabolomics data were analyzed by two-tailed student’s t test for comparison between different doses of OCO and CCO treatments. The result showed that dietary OCO decreased G:F ratio (P < 0.05) dose-dependently, but did not ADFI. Metabolomics analysis showed that OCO fed pigs decreased the levels of serum alanine (P < 0.01), tryptophan (P < 0.05), carnosine (P < 0.01), and glutamic acid (P < 0.05), while the levels of threonine (P < 0.05) was increased compared to CCO. Moreover, consuming OCO decreased the hepatic metabolites from threonine catabolism pathways, including α-ketobutyrate (P < 0.01), α-amino-butyrate (P < 0.05), and propionic acid (P < 0.05), compared to CCO treatment. In addition, OCO increased hepatic NAD level by activating tryptophan-NAD+ metabolic pathway. Overall, OCO selectively modulated amino acid metabolism in nursery pigs, which may further affect growth performance.
PSIV-4 Effect of combinations of feed enzymes on growth performance, and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs fed complex diets
Authors: Cheng Yi-Chi , Jang Ki Beom , Holanda Debora Muratori , Li Wenting , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Feed enzymes provide opportunities to enhance nutrient utilization and intestinal health of newly weaned pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental effects of multi-enzymes in diets that are 7% deficient in SID Lys and other essential amino acids. Sixty four pigs weaned at 7.22 ± 0.04 kg BW were allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 pigs per pen based on a completely randomized block design using sex and initial BW as blocks. Dietary treatment was the supplementation of multi-enzymes (4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of amylase, 150 of β-glucanase, and 3,000 of U protease/kg, DuPont Animal Nutrition, UK). Pigs were fed based on 2 phases (14 and 27 days for each phase). Phase 2 diets included titanium dioxide as an indigestible external marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Body weight and feed intake were measured at d 0, 14, and 42. From d 40 to 42, fresh fecal samples were collected from each pen and pooled by pen, weighed, freeze dried, and ground. Diet and fecal samples were used to quantify dry matter, titanium dioxide, and gross energy. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Initial BW were not different among treatments. Supplementation of multi-enzymes increased (P < 0.05) ADG (69 to 131 g/d), ADFI (134 to 181 g/d), and G:F (0.411 to 0.717) during phase 1. During phase 2, growth performance was not different among pigs. Supplementation of multi-enzyme increased (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (84.5 to 89.3%). From this study, supplementation of 4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 3,000 U of protease/kg, and 150 U amylase enhanced growth performance of pigs during the first 14 days after weaning and energy digestibility at 42 days after weaning.
PSV-16 Effects of dietary coated omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fatty acid composition in lactating sows and suckling piglets
Authors: Ahn Jemin , Wang Huan , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Improving sow nutrition is one approach that could produce such potential increases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical nutrients that play an important role in maintaining animal health with better physiological condition. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary coated omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fatty acid composition in lactating sows and suckling piglets. A total of 16 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in a 26-day experiment. Sows were randomly allotted into two groups: (i) CON (Basal diet); (ii) TRT1 (Basal diet + 0.50% omega-3). In the current study, the supplementation of coated omega-3 increased piglet’s body weight (day 7) (P = 0.045) and average daily gain (day 0 to day 7) (P = 0.006) significantly compared with control. There was a significant effect (P = 0.048) on the blood fatty acid contents of sows fed coated omega-3 FA at weaning. In addition, the milk fatty acid contents (C16, C17 and C18) from sows fed diet supplemented with coated omega-3 FA were higher than those fed control diet on day 16. In conclusion, omega-3 diets improved BW and ADG of suckling piglets during the first week. It also improved the fatty acid content of blood and milk in lactating sows.
PSV-17 Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora in weaning pigs
Authors: Ahn Jemin , Ding Zhenyu , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microflora of weaned pigs were evaluated. A total of 100 weaning pigs withan initial average body weight (BW) of 8.27 ± 1.10 kg were randomly allotted into 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 6-week trial. There were 10 replicate pens in each treatment with 5 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included: 1) control, basal diet (CON); 2) fermented soybean meal (FSBM), basal diet supplemented with 5% fermented soybean meal. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly improved with the dietary supplementation of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) compared with control during phases 2. The dietary supplementation with 5% fermented soybean meal (FSBM) had significant effect on gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the overall experiment period. However, no difference in apparent total tract digestibility was observed between CON and FMSB treatments. There was no significant difference in the fecal microflora between CON and FMSB treatments. Collectively, the results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 5% fermented soybean meal improved body weight and average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency of weaning pigs, but there were no effects on apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, energy and blood profile as well as fecal microflora.
PSVI-11 Evaluation of essential oils and short-medium chain fatty acids in-vitro and in-vivo on performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Moran Kory , van der Klis Jan Dirk , Almond Glen , van Heugten Eric 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-bacterial effects of two essential oils blends (EO1: garlic-derived allyl disulfide+d-limonene; EO2: garlic-derived allyl disulfide+γ-terpinene) and three mixtures of short-medium chain fatty acids (S-MCFA1: monolaurin enriched+C4-C12 mixture; S-MCFA2: monolaurin; S-MCFA3: monobutyrin enriched+C4-C12 mixture). In Exp. 1, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC; broth microdilution method using CLSI Guidelines) determined the in-vitro synergistic activity of six combinations: 1) EO1+S-MCFA1; 2) EO1+S-MCFA2; 3) EO1+S-MCFA3; 4) EO2+S-MCFA1; 5) EO2+S-MCFA2; 6) EO2+S-MCFA3; against E.coli F18 and F4. Results suggest synergistic effects for EO1+S-MCFA1, EO2+S-MCFA1, and EO2+S-MCFA2 against both E.coli strains (Tables 1). Exp. 2 evaluated supplementation of EO2 and S-MCFA1 on growth performance of weaned pigs housed in a non-sanitary environment. Pigs (n = 600; BW=7.46 ± 0.57 kg) were used in a 35-day trial. Pigs were blocked by BW and balanced by sex within pens and placed into 60 pens (10 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with periods being 7, 14, and 14 d, respectively. Dietary treatments were: A: control, B: control+0.05% EO2; C: control+0.05% EO2 + 0.075% S-MCFA1; D: control+0.05% EO2 + 0.15% S-MCFA1; E: control+0.15% S-MCFA1. Data were analyzed as RCBD in a 2×2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. No interactions between EO2 and S-MCFA1 were observed on performance. During Phase 2, ADFI and ADG tended to decrease when EO2 was supplemented (536 vs 509; 358 vs 336 g/d, respectively; PE. coli. However, under the challenging conditions of this experiment, only EO2 improved feed efficiency during Phase 3.
PSVII-19 Potential biomarkers of intestinal injury and inflammation in nursery pigs fed prebiotics
Authors: San Andres Joice V , Sambeek Dana van , Kinstler Sydney , Trenhaile-Gannemann Melanie , Winkel Shana , Schlageter-Tello Andres , Miller Phillip , Burkey Thomas E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Prebiotics may alter protein fermentation and reduce biogenic amines that cause intestinal injury and inflammation. Biochemical markers are important in assessing gut integrity and inflammation, especially in evaluating efficacy of interventions for intestinal health at weaning. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weaning and dietary prebiotics on potential biomarkers of intestinal barrier integrity and immunity. Sixty-four pigs (21 d; BW 6 ± 0.5 kg) of mixed sex were used to test 4 dietary treatments with 4 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Pens were randomly allocated to 1 of the 4 diets following completely randomized design in a 2-phase 28-d feeding experiment. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean based diet (Control), Control + fructooligosaccharide (FOS), Control + chicory pulp (PC) and Control + sugar beet pulp + (SBP). Prebiotics were incorporated in the diet by partially replacing corn at rate of 0.05 and 0.1% in phase 1 and 2, respectively. Blood samples were collected from 2 pigs per treatment on d 0, 14 and 28 and analyzed for concentrations of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), and diamine oxidase (DAO). Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance. The TJP1 concentration increased with time (P < 0.001). The DAO and IFABP concentrations decreased (P < 0.001) over time. Pigs fed FOS and PC had lower concentrations of DAO (P = 0.034) and IFABP (P = 0.043) than Control and SBP at d 14. Results show that TJP1, DAO, and IFABP serum concentrations vary over the weaning period which may be indicative of intestinal restitution in response to weaning stress. Moreover, inclusion of prebiotics in the diet may affect serum biomarkers which may support the inclusion of prebiotics to improve gut health in weaned pigs.
PSVII-17 Effect of dietary digestible calcium level on growth and feed efficiency of 12 to 25 kg nursery pigs
Authors: Elsbernd Amanda , Smith Steven , Picou Jenny , Rosero David , Olsen Kristin , Wilcock Pete , Walk Carrie L , Merriman Laura , Dean Boyd R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dietary concentration of standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca for growth and feed efficiency of nursery pigs. A total of 2,185 pigs (initial BW =11.2 ± 1.4 kg) were blocked according to BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, with STTD Ca formulated to 0.38, 0.46, 0.54, 0.62, 0.70, or 0.78% by increasing dietary limestone at the expense of corn. Each treatment had 16 replicate pens with 23 pigs per pen. Corn and soybean-based diets were formulated to contain 0.36% STTD P, which exceeds NRC 2012 (+9%). This resulted in STTD Ca: STTD P ranging from 1.1 to 2.2. To minimize variation, 2 basal diets were produced (0.38 and 0.78% Ca diets), and then blended on site to produce the intermediary levels. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (Cary, NC) with fixed effect of diet and random effect of block. Prediction equations were generated using the FITTED GROUP of JMP with goodness of fit techniques to optimize the R2 value and RMSE. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) declined linearly (P = 0.011) with increasing levels of STTD Ca in the diet, and is described by: FCR = [1.456 + (0.115 x STTD Ca)] (R2 = 0.698, RMSE = 0.013). Final pig weight tended to increase (quadratic, P = 0.110) as dietary STTD Ca increased, and is described by: BW = [22.77 – (0.55 x STTD Ca) – (7.72 x (STTD Ca – 0.58)2] (R2 = 0.696, RMSE = 0.135). Exceeding 0.70% STTD Ca (2.0:1.0 STTD Ca: STTD P) reduced pig growth, FCR, and profitability. Adequate STTD Ca levels ranged from 0.46 to 0.62% (STTD Ca:STTD P, 1.3 to 1.8), but growth and profit were optimized at 0.54% (1.5:1.0 STTD Ca: STTD P).
PSII-16 Evidence for stratification of rumen wall microbial communities revealed by 16S rRNA based amplicon sequencing
Authors: Koester Lucas , Lyte Mark , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Allen Heather 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rumen content (RC) stratifies based on particle size and density consisting of the less dense forage within the dorsal and the denser particles in the ventral portions of the rumen and is in constant contact with the microbial communities present on the rumen wall (RW) epithelium. Little is known about the nutrient requirements and functional processes of RW microbial communities. Our hypothesis is that the RW microbial communities stratify mirroring the stratification of RC due to different available nutrients. Five fistulated, milking Holstein cows of the same management conditions were sampled at four rumen layers corresponding to the RC stratification. Epithelial biopsies were taken through the fistula; the uppermost aligned with the dorsal portion of the RC (A), and three other sites, each 10 cm ventral to the previous (B, C and D). Each cow and stratification layer was sampled five times over four months to analyze temporal stability of the RW microbial communities. DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Powerlyzer Powersoil kit and used for 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU) based on a 99% similarity cutoff using MOTHUR. After quality control, 2.0 million reads remained for 90 samples which were clustered into 5,016 OTUs with 10 or more reads. 99.2% of the reads were bacterial, whereas 0.8% affiliated to Archaea. Statistical analysis revealed that among the 20 most abundant OTUs, phylotypes classified as Desulfobulbus, unclassified_Cardiobacteraceae, Mogibacterium, Lachnospiraceae-UCG008 and Methanobrevibacter were significantly different in abundance between sites A compared to D. On a whole community level, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant differences between groups A, C and D. Our data reveal first evidence that a stratification of RW microbiota is present in dairy cattle and also reveal high temporal stability of RW microbiota.
PSII-3 Effect of molasses-based block supplementation on cattle fed endophyte-infected Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seed
Authors: Braga. Feitoza Luis Felipe Barbosa , Muller Hans Christian , Williams Tom , Drouillard James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ergot-alkaloid toxicosis induces persistent vasoconstriction in cattle, interfering with efficient thermoregulation. Our objective was to evaluate impact of cooked molasses-based block supplements (MBS) on performance and physiological measurements in cattle fed ergot-containing Tall Fescue seed (TFS). Crossbred steers (n = 95; 287 ± 6.4 kg) were blocked by body weight, randomly assigned to individual indoor feeding pens and treatments consisting of: Negative Control (NC; prairie hay only); Positive Control (PC; hay plus TFS); and molasses block treatments fed hay and TFS with ad libitum access to a 38% protein block (CB); 38% protein block containing 0.3% crystalline menthol (MB); or a 38% protein block containing a proprietary blend of mannan oligosaccharide and capsaicin (AB). The TFS was mixed with molasses (9:1), and amount fed was increased gradually at 3-d intervals from 45 to 520 g/animal daily by day 42. Temperature differential between ocular conjunctiva and ear tip (ΔT) was determined weekly using thermographic imaging. Coccigeal vein diameter (CVD) was measured with Doppler ultrasound imaging (DU) on days 63 and 84. Data were analyzed as mixed models with block as a random effect and treatment, time, and treatment by time interaction as fixed effects. Block intakes did not differ among MBS treatments (P > 0.05). Cattle fed MBS had greater ADG, DMI, gain:feed (P < 0.01) compared to NC and PC. For the second half of the study MBS treatments had lower ΔT (P < 0.05). Supplementing cooked molasses-based block supplements low-moisture molasses block can improve performance and potentially enhance peripheral blood irrigation in cattle consuming ergot-infested feeds.
PSII-21 Evaluation of the impact of the magnitude of errors in the sorting of pigs and market price for market on the optimal market weight
Authors: Cheng Jian , Claudy Joanna , Que Yichen , Schinckel Allan P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective was to estimate the impact the accuracy in which pigs are sorted for marketing has on the optimal market carcass weight (CW) using a stochastic model. Three levels of bodyweight estimation error (BWEE) with SD’s of 0, 4, and 8% of BW were simulated. Initially, pigs were marketed in 3 marketing cuts (MCUT), 25% at 169, 25% at 179, and 50% at 193 d of age. The timing of marketing was shifted in 7d intervals with mean marketing ages of 155.5 to 211.5 d. Sort loss was calculated using the Tyson Foods marketing system. Sort loss ($/pig) values were fitted to a polynomial function of mean CW for each level of BWEE. Pork production costs were estimated using an industry spreadsheet. A base price of $1.433/kg of CW was used to produce a small profit per pig. Market prices of $1.653 and $1.322/kg of CW were used to reflect times of large profit or losses per pig. Barrow and gilt lean premiums were included. The optimal CW’s to maximize profit/pig and daily returns above daily costs were estimated for each combination of BWEE and market price. With accurate sorting (BWEE = 0), the optimal mean age was 183.5d at a mean CW of 96.4 kg and a profit of $3.49/pig. With less accurate sorting (BWEE = 8%), the optimal mean age decreased to 181.5 d with mean CW of 95.2 kg, and profit of $2.89/pig. With this marketing system, the optimal market ages decreased by 1 to 2d and CW’s decreased by 0.6 to 1.3kg as the accuracy of sorting decreased. The lower market price reduced the optimal CW by 1.2kg (2d) and increased 2.4kg (4d) with the higher market price.