bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cleanse” detoxification diet program in Appalachia: Participant characteristics and perceived health effects
Authors: Davisson Laura , Sofka Sarah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Numerous detoxification or “detox” diets purport to eliminate toxins from the body, help with weight loss, and improve health. Despite the claims of proponents, few of these programs have evidence of effectiveness. They often have significant associated costs and may have potential for harm, but they seem to be quite popular. Members of a community in Appalachia were invited to participate as a group in one such diet (called a “cleanse”). We conducted a study to explore characteristics of people who chose to complete the program, including their motivations and their perceptions of the health effects related to participation.

Methods
Those who volunteered to participate were educated on this program’s definition of a “clean” diet through an information session and were given written guidelines. The diet was to last 21 days, and instructions were outlined as to which foods were allowed and which were to be eliminated. This study evaluated participants in two cohorts (June 2014 and January 2015). Individuals who registered for the study were asked to complete three anonymous surveys: one pretest before beginning the program (PRE), one roughly 1 week after completion (1wPOST), and one follow-up 8 weeks after the end of the diet period (8wPOST). Descriptive statistics, Skillings–Mack test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze results.

Results
Thirty-four individuals completed the PRE surveys, 15 individuals completed the 1wPOST surveys (44% of those completing the PRE surveys), and 8 individuals completed the 8wPOST surveys (24% of those completing the PRE surveys). Comparing results from the PRE, 1wPOST, and 8wPOST surveys, there were significant overall differences seen in the following health characteristics: cravings for sweet/salty foods (p=0.03), “giving in” to cravings (p=0.04), energy levels (p=0.001), and sleep quality (p=0.0001). These differences seen were between the PRE and 1wPOST surveys. Weight satisfaction and overall health did not show any overall significant differences.

Conclusions
While participants in Appalachia could benefit from a program that could improve health, this program’s participants did not share socioeconomic characteristics reflective of most people from that area. Most were college-educated females with a reported family income and level of education that were higher than the average population. Self-reported health characteristics related to cravings, energy levels, and sleep quality demonstrated overall significant improvements from the PRE to the 1wPOST surveys. This exploratory study provides insight into the popularity of such programs. While measurement rather than self-report of clinical outcomes would be needed to more definitively determine the effects of this program, it would be worthwhile to explore further in an experimental study the outcomes identified in this study as being affected (cravings, energy, sleep, and weight).
Virgin coconut oil supplementation in diet modulates immunity mediated through survival signaling pathways in rats
Authors: Hima Lalgi , Pratap Uday P , Karrunanithi Sunil , Ravichandran Kishore A. , Vasantharekha Ramasamy , ThyagaRajan Srinivasan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a cold processed form of coconut oil, is traditionally consumed in Asian countries owing to its nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health benefits of VCO involve alterations in immune responses that are regulated by intracellular signaling molecules in the spleens of rats.

Methods
Young male Wistar rats were fed with three doses of VCO in diet for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, spleens were isolated and in vitro effects on immune responses (Concanavalin A [Con A]-induced lymphoproliferation and cytokine production), and direct effects of VCO treatment on intracellular signaling molecules and antioxidant status were examined. Serum was collected to measure glucose, lipid levels, and leptin.

Results
VCO supplementation in diet enhanced Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation and Th1 cytokine production while it suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine production. VCO increased the expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), liver kinase B1 (p-LKB1) p-ERK, and p-CREB in spleen. Similarly, VCO increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes while it suppressed lipid peroxidation in the spleen. VCO diet had hypolipidemic effects on the rats: an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels while lowering triacylglycerol (TAG) levels.

Conclusion
The health benefits of VCO may be mediated through enhanced Th1 immunity through the upregulation of survival signaling pathways and inhibition of free radical generation in the spleen besides its capacity to induce hypolipidemia.
Priority to the Furthest Behind
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The UN Resolution heralding the Sustainable Development Goals pledges to leave no one behind, and moreover “to reach the furthest behind first”. This priority echoes the priority to the worst-off that is being discussed in philosophy, economics and related disciplines, but also the pleas of many actors who represent or fight for the most disadvantaged populations. This paper argues that serious theories do support such a priority and that the best policies implementing this priority do not necessarily involve the most intuitive anti-poverty targeted measures.
New Optical Codes Based on Construction of Parity Check Matrix of LDPC Codes
Authors: Tehami Mohammed Amine , Kandouci Chahinaz , Djebbari Ali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, new spectral optical codes based on the construction parity check matrix of LDPC codes were designed and implemented in an optical code-division multiple access communication system. Two types optical family codes can be obtained with respectively a cross correlation of

λ
c

=
0

{\lambda _c} = 0

and

λ
c

=
1

{\lambda _c} = 1

. In each case, the codes can either be decoded using the direct detection or the balanced detection. Performance was evaluated by referring to the Q factor, the bit error rate and the eye pattern diagrams using Optisystem 9.0.
Attack-Aware Dynamic Upstream Bandwidth Assignment Scheme for Passive Optical Network
Authors: Butt Rizwan Aslam , Faheem M. , Ashraf M. Waqar , Khawaja Attaullah , Raza Basit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Network security is an important component of today’s networks to combat the security attacks. The passive optical network (PON) works at the medium access layer (MAC). A distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack may be launched from the network and transport layers of an Optical Network unit (ONU). Although there are various security techniques to mitigate its impact, however, these techniques cannot mitigate the impact on the MAC Layer of the PON and can cause an ONU to continuously drain too much bandwidth. This will result in reduced bandwidth availability to other ONUs and, thus, causing an increase in US delays and delay variance. In this work we argue that the impact of a DDOS attack can be mitigated by improving the Dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme which is used in PON to manage the US bandwidth at the optical line terminal (OLT). The present DBA schemes do not have the capability to combat a security attack. Thus, this study, uses a machine learning approach to learn the ONU traffic demand patterns and presents a security aware DBA (SA-DBA) scheme that detects a rogue (attacker) ONU from its traffic demand pattern and limits its illegitimate bandwidth demand and only allows it the bandwidth assignment to it as per the agreed service level agreement (SLA). The simulation results show that the SA-DBA scheme results in up to 53%, 55% and 90% reduced US delays and up to 84%, 76% and 95% reduced US delay variance of T2, T3 and T4 traffic classes compared to existing insecure DBA schemes.
A Case for the Primacy of the Ontological Principle
Authors: Maciel Otávio S. R. D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper aims at the construction of a structural coupling between object-oriented philosophy and Whitehead’s philosophy of organism by making a case for the primacy of the ontological principle through the proposal of a social object hypothesis. The social object here differs from traditional renderings of sociology, which are centered on humans’ activity and personalities, by way of recuperating Tarde’s social theory of associations. This theory provides us with a non-anthropocentric reading of sociality. This hypothesis will be furthered by the introduction of the systemic category of internal/external, or system/environment, as a self-enclosure feature of social objects. Equipped with these two notions, we will discuss Graham Harman’s paper “Whitehead and Schools X, Y, and Z,” while rerouting his assessments to our own social object hypothesis. The final idea is to propose an alliance through the conception of a macro-ontological approach to philosophy of organism. We intend to show that this is not only coherently feasible regarding Whitehead’s own categoreal scheme, but also meets the requirements of being a real object in object-oriented ontology’s directives.
The Event of Faith: The Transformation of Philosophy by Theology in Rudolf Bultmann
Authors: Deketelaere Nikolaas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article suggests that Rudolf Bultmann can be seen to reconfigure Heidegger’s understanding of the relationship between philosophy and theology in terms of a transformation of philosophy by theology. In that sense, though Bultmann is often understood to be in line with the early Heidegger on this issue, it seeks to think with Bultmann beyond Heidegger by showing how Bultmann’s theology, precisely as theology, can be used to address critiques (articulated by contemporary French phenomenologists) of Heidegger’s understanding of the related notions of possibility and event. In doing so, it will become evident that, although he himself sets up his understanding of the relationship between philosophy and theology as fitting Heidegger’s broader methodological framework, we can nevertheless find in Bultmann the keys to the thinking of philosophy in relation to theology in terms of the transformation of one by the other that this article seeks to develop.
Teaching semantics and skills for human-robot collaboration
Authors: Angleraud Alexandre , Houbre Quentin , Pieters Roel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent advances in robotics allow for collaboration between humans and machines in performing tasks at home or in industrial settings without harming the life of the user. While humans can easily adapt to each other and work in team, it is not as trivial for robots. In their case, interaction skills typically come at the cost of extensive programming and teaching. Besides, understanding the semantics of a task is necessary to work efficiently and react to changes in the task execution process. As a result, in order to achieve seamless collaboration, appropriate reasoning, learning skills and interaction capabilities are needed. For us humans, a cornerstone of our communication is language that we use to teach, coordinate and communicate. In this paper we thus propose a system allowing (i) to teach new action semantics based on the already available knowledge and (ii) to use natural language communication to resolve ambiguities that could arise while giving commands to the robot. Reasoning then allows new skills to be performed either autonomously or in collaboration with a human. Teaching occurs through a web application and motions are learned with physical demonstration of the robotic arm. We demonstrate the utility of our system in two scenarios and reflect upon the challenges that it introduces.
Hydrogen bonding in lead uranyl oxide mineral sayrite
Authors: Plášil Jakub 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The hydrogen bonding in the structure of the lead uranyl-oxide mineral sayrite has been refined and described directly from XRD data for the first time. Sayrite is monoclinic, a = 10.6925(4), b = 6.9593(2), c = 13.6035(5) Å, β = 107.680(3), with V = 964.46(6) Å3, and Z = 2, space group P 21/n. The structure has been refined to an R = 2.34% based on 2252 unique [I > 3σI] reflections. Sayrite possesses a layered structure with the uranyl-hydroxo-oxide sheets of the topology characterized by the topology symbol P4(UD)8R5. Between adjacent sheets, there are Pb2+ cations and molecular H2O. All H2O groups in sayrite belong to non-transformer groups, which distribute bond-valence from equally from all the cationic parts of the structure to anions. The structural formula of sayrite is Pb2(H2
[4]O)4[(UO2)5O6(OH)2].
НАУКОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ
Authors: MARCHENKOV Sergey 
Published: September 2019

У статті репрезентується проблема наукових аспектів формування інформаційно-аналітичної компетентності майбутніх офіцерів. Дано аналіз концептуальних положень аналітичних компетенцій, ураховуючи методологічні підходи та принципи організації інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності в науковій літературіі. Визначено провідні аспекти формування інформаційно-аналітичної компетентності в майбутніх офіцерів.
Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review
Authors: Rêgo Isabella Clarissa Vasconcelos , Dos Santos Greice Nara Viana , Dos Santos Greice Nivea Viana , Ribeiro Joseph Simões , Lopes Ruy Bessa , Dos Santos Soraia Baia , De Sousa Alessandra , Mendes Rosivaldo De Alcântara , Taketomi Aliza Thieko Fernandes , Vasconcelos Arthur Abinader , Taube Paulo Sérgio 
Published: September 2019

Milk is a very important food for human consumption, mainly due to its content of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. However, the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) for decades has contaminated the soil, water and air, and thus has also contaminated the milk. In this sense, in the present work a review of scientific articles was carried out, between the years 2000 and 2018, related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination of different types of milk by OCPs in different regions of the world. As a result, it was observed that although OCPs have been banned for use in agriculture since the 1980s, these compounds or their metabolites have still been detected in many samples, and in some cases the levels were above the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization. In addition, most of the samples presented contamination, which makes them a great risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation.
Identifying research questions for the conservation of the Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Allsopp Nicky , Slingsby Jasper A. , Esler Karen J. 
Published: September 2019

We conducted a survey among people working in the nature conservation community in an implementation, research or policy capacity to identify research questions that they felt were important for ensuring the conservation of the Cape Floristic Region. Following an inductive process, 361 submitted questions were narrowed to 34 questions in seven themes: (1) effective conservation management; (2) detecting and understanding change: monitoring, indicators and thresholds; (3) improving governance and action for effective conservation; (4) making the case that biodiversity supports critical ecosystem services; (5) making biodiversity a shared concern; (6) securing sustainable funding for biodiversity conservation; and (7) prioritising research. The final questions were evaluated against the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Conceptual Framework to test whether the questions addressed elements identified by this Framework as those essential to ensure that conservation contributes to a positive future for the Cape Floristic Region. We found that all elements in this Framework received attention from the collective group of questions. This finding suggests that the conservation community we approached recognises implicitly that research in multiple disciplines as well as interdisciplinary approaches are required to address societal, governance and biological issues in a changing environment in order to secure the conservation of the Cape Floristic Region. Because the majority of people responding to this survey had a background in the natural sciences, a challenge to tackling some of the questions lies in developing integrative approaches that will accommodate different disciplines and their epistemologies.
Significance:

We present a hierarchical compendium of research questions to generate the knowledge required to conserve the Cape Floristic Region as a social-ecological system.
The conservation community of the Cape Floristic Region collectively recognises that effective conservation management needs to be supported by knowledge of ecosystems, factors that impact them and context appropriate conservation approaches. In addition, knowledge to develop effective governance and institutions, sustainable funding and broader societal participation in conservation are also identified.
The questions reflect the elements and linkages of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Conceptual Framework, suggesting that the questions presented follow global prerogatives for developing a sustainable future.
The range and complexity of knowledge gaps presented suggest the need for a broader research agenda that includes the social sciences and humanities to address conservation in the Cape Floristic Region.

Open data set:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7484903.v1
Boylu ardıcın (Juniperus excelsa) yapay gençleştirilmesi
Authors: ÖRTEL Erdal , KAVGACI Ali , ÇALIKOĞLU Mehmet , TÜRKKAN Mehmet , GÜLTEKİN Hazin Cemal , ÇOBANOĞLU Abdurrahman 
Published: September 2019

Bu
araştırma, Boylu ardıcın (Juniperus excelsa)
yapay gençleştirme tekniklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada
toprak işleme yöntemi (makineli ve el ile toprak işleme), fidan tipi (1+0 ve
2+0 çıplak köklü, 1+0 ve 1+1 tüplü fidanlar) ve yörenin fidan yaşama yüzdesi ve
gelişimi (fidan boyu ve kök boğazı çapı) üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.
Çalışmada dikim yöntemine ek olarak ocakta çizgi tohum ekim yöntemi de
denenmiştir. Eğirdir Orman Fidanlığında Eğirdir-Çamdağ orijinli tohumlar
kullanılarak üretilmiş fidanlar ve ekim yöntemi içinde yine aynı orijinden
katlama işlemi uygulanmış tohumlar
kullanılmıştır. Çalışma iki farklı yörede (Yalvaç-Hisarardı ve Elmalı-Ovacık
mevkileri) kurulmuş deneme alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme deseni tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre
kurulmuştur. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda (2012-2014 yılları arası) elde edilen
veriler varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiş ve ortalamalar Duncan testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Birlikte değerlendirmede bloklar deneme alanı içinde (Nested) alınmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre, yörenin fidan gelişimi üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Fidan tipinin, hem yaşama yüzdesi hem de fidan gelişmesi açısından
etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Genel olarak 1+1 ve 1+0 yaşlı tüplü fidan
tipleri en başarılı fidanlarken, 2+0 yaşlı çıplak köklü fidanlar en başarısız
fidan tipi olmuştur. 1+0 yaşlı çıplak köklü fidanların da ağaçlandırmada kullanılabileceği
anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan ekim denemelerinde herhangi bir
gençleşme elde edilememiştir.
A religiosidade na poesia de Bárbara Heliodora, a heroína da Inconfidência Mineira
Authors: Castro Carla Pereira de 
Published: September 2019

<p>Bárbara Heliodora Guilhermina da Silveira nasceu em 1758 ou 1759, não se sabe exatamente o dia, em São João Del-Rei, MG. Foi esposa de Alvarenga Peixoto, advogado, poeta e inconfidente, com quem partilhou a vida e boa parte do destino. Inicialmente viveram juntos e só se casaram em 1781. Desta união nasceram quatro filhos. Os historiadores da época contam que Bárbara Heliodora exercia grande influência sobre seu marido e participava ativamente das ideias e planos da Inconfidência Mineira. Faleceu em 24 de maio de 1819, em São Gonçalo do Sapucai, aos 60 anos. Deixou publicado a obra <em>Conselhos aos meus filhos</em>. A poetisa também é atribuída a escrita de um soneto oferecido a filha Maria Ifigênia. No estudo desenvolvido serão analisados os aspectos relacionados a religiosidade presente nesses dois textos da escritora.</p>
Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, and structural properties of cyanobridged metal complexes containing tetracyanonickelate(II) building blocks with 4-aminomethylpyridine
Authors: KARAAĞAÇ Dursun 
Published: September 2019

New cyano-bridged metal complexes with chemical formulas [Fe(NH3)2(ampy)Ni(CN)4]n, [Co(H2O)2(ampy)Ni(CN)4]n and [Ni(NH3)2(ampy)Ni(CN)4]n (ampy = 4-aminomethylpyridine, hereafter abbreviated as Fe–Ni–ampy, Co–Ni–ampy and Ni–Ni–ampy) were obtained in the form of powders and examined by vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectroscopy, thermal (TG, DTG and DTA), and elemental analysis techniques. The infrared and Raman spectra of the complexes were performed in the range of 4000–400 cm-1 and 4000–250 cm-1, respectively. General information about the structural features of synthesized complexes was obtained by considering the changes in the cyano group and characteristic peaks of ampy. The cleavage of the (CN) stretching bands in the infrared spectrum of the complexes shows that the terminal and bridge cyano groups are in the structure. Considering the variations in the vibrational frequencies of the cyano group and ampy ligand in the spectrum of the complexes, the Ni atom is in a square plane geometry with four cyano groups and two of these cyano groups are the bridge and the other two are terminal. In addition, the metal atoms [Fe(II), Co(II) or Ni(II)] are linked to the ring and amino nitrogen atoms of two symmetric ampy ligands, the two ammonia (two aqua ligands for Co–Ni–ampy) ligands and the two bridging cyano groups, and show a distorted octahedral geometry. The thermal degradation of the complexes was also studied between 30 and 950 ºC using TG, DTG, and DTA techniques.