bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of quantum information encoding and metallic leads on dynamical multipartite correlation formation in semiconductor quantum dot arrays
Authors: Petropoulos Nikolaos , Blokhina Elena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates quantum information scrambling (QIS) in a semiconductor quantum dot array. Starting with the 1D Transverse Field Ising model, we expand to more relevant quasi-2D frameworks such as the Heisenberg chain, super-extended Fermi–Hubbard (FH) and hardcore FH models. Assessing their relevance to semiconductor spin-qubit quantum computers, simulations of multipartite correlation formation examine qubit encoding strategies’ fidelity, stability, and robustness, revealing trade-offs among these aspects. Furthermore, we investigate the weakly coupled metallic injector/detector (I/D) leads’ significant impact on QIS behavior by employing multi-lead
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-single orbital impurities weakly coupled Anderson models and studying the unitary evolution of the system. We observe sign flips in spatiotemporal tripartite mutual information which result in significant effects on dynamical correlation structures and their formation. Exploring carrier number effects, we identify optimal regions for QIS enhancement. Our findings emphasize the necessity of proper qubit encoding and I/D leads’ influence on quantum information dynamics.
Dynamic calibration and multi-view fusion of active vision tracking system for surgical instrument
Authors: Cai Yu , Wang Yihong , Zhu Mingzhu , He Bingwei , You Yue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, surgical instrument tracking has gained significant attention in the field of surgical navigation. An often-overlooked problem lies in the instrument’s irregular movement conflicting with the tracking system’s fixed viewpoint, leading to line-of-sight occlusion, marker occlusion, and sub-optimal accuracy. The active vision tracking system (which actively adjusts the camera viewpoint) is applied to address this issue. In this paper, two algorithms of multi-view fusion and dynamic calibration are proposed in multi-camera active vision to allow each camera to adjust its viewpoint independently. These algorithms are integrated into the parallel computing of the frontend and backend to implement the positioning of the instrument from multiple perspectives and real-time calibration of multiple cameras. Simulations and experiments are carried out to test the accuracy and robustness of the proposed tracking system. Results reveal that our system achieves a closer trajectory (0.12 mm) to the ground truth compared to a stereo camera tracking system (0.32 mm). The proposed tracking system can keep track of the instruments within the positioning volume at different surgical phases, ensuring consistent navigation and improving positioning stability and accuracy.
Potential damage area detection of bridges based on single-temporal point cloud
Authors: Liu Xianglei , Yu Baihui , Cai Di , Wang Runjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the advantages of 3D representation, non-contact measurements and intensive sampling capability, it has been a research hotspot to detect the potential damage area of bridges with point cloud by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). However, TLS is commonly used to detect a potential damage area by comparing multi-temporal point cloud data, which limits the timeliness of bridge inspection. Therefore, aiming to accurately detect the potential damage areas of bridges with single-temporal point cloud, this paper proposes a normalized normal vector constrained coordinate transformation method. First, the distribution of sharp features is revealed in a single-temporal point cloud at potential damage areas, and a neighborhood growth method constrained by the normal distance is proposed to eliminate the sharp features in the point cloud, which is prone to cause incorrect or missing curvature values from the point cloud. Second, a normalized normal vector constrained coordinate transformation method is proposed to construct a Gaussian curvature model, which can improve the accuracy of point cloud curvature and accurately detect the potential damage areas in bridges. Finally, an evaluation criterion is proposed to quantify the bridge conditions by integrating the characteristics of small-span concrete bridges in urban areas with actual damage data from the experimental bridges. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the potential damage areas of the measured bridges.
Surface different charge ligands for modulating selenium nanoparticles formation and activating the interaction with proteins for effective anti-Herpes simplex virus l infection
Authors: Chen Xu , Yue Jian , Xu Xiongjun , Chen Jiajun , Huang Xuechan , Huang Yukai , Yang Yang , Li Feng , Li Tianwang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Selenium-based nanoparticles exhibit antiviral activity by directly modulating immune function. Despite recent promising developments in utilizing selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) against viral infections, the impact of surface ligand charge on the conformation and interaction with viral proteins, as well as the effectiveness of Se NPs in anti-Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection remains unexplored. In this study, three types of selenium nanoparticles (CTAB-Se, PVP-Se, SDS-Se) with distinct surface charges were synthesized by modifying the surface ligands. We found that apart from differences in surface charge, the size, morphology, and crystal structure of the three types of Se NPs were similar. Notably, although the lipophilicity and cellular uptake of SDS-Se with a negative charge were lower compared to positively charged CTAB-Se and neutrally charged PVP-Se, SDS-Se exhibited the strongest protein binding force during interaction with HSV-1. Consequently, SDS-Se demonstrated the most potent anti-HSV-1 activity and safeguarded normal cells from damage. The mechanistic investigation further revealed that SDS-Se NPs effectively inhibited the proliferation and assembly of HSV-1 by powerfully suppressing the key genes and proteins of HSV-1 at various stages of viral development. Hence, this study highlights the significant role of surface ligand engineering in the antiviral activity of Se NPs, presenting a viable approach for synthesizing Se NPs with tailored antiviral properties by modulating surface charge. This method holds promise for advancing research on the antiviral capabilities of Se NPs.
Spontaneous photon emission by shaped quantum electron wavepackets and the QED origin of bunched electron beam superradiance
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ianconescu Reuven , Friedman Aharon , Scheuer Jacob , Tokman Mikhail , Pan Yiming , Gover Avraham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It has been shown that the spontaneous emission rate of photons by free electrons, unlike stimulated emission, is independent of the shape or modulation of the quantum electron wavefunction (QEW). Nevertheless, here we show that the quantum state of the emitted photons is non-classical and does depend on the QEW shape. This non-classicality originates from the shape dependent off-diagonal terms of the photon density matrix. This is manifested in the Wigner distribution function and would be observable experimentally through homodyne detection techniques as a squeezing effect. Considering a scheme of electrons interaction with a single microcavity mode, we present a QED formulation of spontaneous emission by multiple modulated QEWs through a build-up process. Our findings indicate that in the case of a density modulated QEWs beam, the phase of the off-diagonal terms of the photon state emitted by the modulated QEWs is the harbinger of bunched beam superradiance, where the spontaneous emission is proportional to

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e

2

. This observation offers a potential for enhancement of other quantum electron interactions with quantum systems by a modulated QEWs beam carrying coherence and quantum properties of the modulation.
Nonlinear dynamics of the complex periodic coupled system via a proportional generalized fractional derivative
Authors: Redhwan Saleh S , Almalahi Mohammed A , Ali Ali Hasan , Alyami Maryam Ahmed , Alsulami Mona , Alghamdi Najla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the intricate dynamics of nonlinear periodic coupled systems, introducing a novel approach based on the proportional fractional generalized derivative. We establish and rigorously derive sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for these systems. This ensures the mathematical validity of the systems, making them reliable for simulations, predictions, and control design. This represents a significant advancement in the field of fractional-order systems. Our analysis utilizes the Banach contraction mapping principle and the Leray-Schauder alternative to ensure the well-posedness of the system. We present a detailed mathematical analysis to discuss the stability outcomes, making the results accessible and readily applicable to a wide range of problems. Furthermore, to showcase the versatility and practical implications of our approach, we present a concrete example. This demonstration highlights the novelty and impact of our research, underscoring the power of the Caputo generalized proportional fractional derivative-based periodic coupled system.
Number of electrons in a homogeneous field using delta function normalization
Authors: Terasawa D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The number of electrons in a homogeneous electric field is derived quantum mechanically for a certain range. Using the delta function normalization method, which is described in detail in Landau–Lifshitz’s Quantum Mechanics, the normalization coefficient of the wavefunctions with continuous energy eigenvalue spectra is obtained. Subsequently, the number of electrons in a one-dimensional homogeneous field in a certain region is derived from this normalization coefficient. We illustrate the derivation of physical quantities using normalization coefficients through selected examples. The derivation provides an interesting application of delta function normalization, and thus can serve as a good textbook example of this normalization method, which used to play a limited role in quantum mechanics.
Multi-protocol relay chaining for large-scale quantum key distribution networks
Authors: Cao 曹 Yuan 原 , Yu 郁 Xiaosong 小松 , Zhao 赵 Yongli 永利 , Zhang 张 Chunhui 春辉 , Zhou 周 Xingyu 星宇 , Zhang 张 Jie 杰 , Wang 王 Qin 琴 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As the first stage of the quantum Internet, quantum key distribution (QKD) networks hold the promise of providing long-term security for diverse users. Most existing QKD networks have been constructed based on independent QKD protocols, and they commonly rely on the deployment of single-protocol trusted relay chains for long reach. Driven by the evolution of QKD protocols, large-scale QKD networking is expected to migrate from a single-protocol to a multi-protocol paradigm, during which some useful evolutionary elements for the later stages of the quantum Internet may be incorporated. In this work, we delve into a pivotal technique for large-scale QKD networking, namely, multi-protocol relay chaining. A multi-protocol relay chain is established by connecting a set of trusted/untrusted relays relying on multiple QKD protocols between a pair of QKD nodes. The structures of diverse multi-protocol relay chains are described, based on which the associated model is formulated and the policies are defined for the deployment of multi-protocol relay chains. Furthermore, we propose three multi-protocol relay chaining heuristics. Numerical simulations indicate that the designed heuristics can effectively reduce the number of trusted relays deployed and enhance the average security level versus the commonly used single-protocol trusted relay chaining methods on backbone network topologies.
Classification of hand movements from EEG using a FusionNet based LSTM network
Authors: Ji Li , Yi Leiye , Huang Chaohang , Li Haiwei , Han Wenjie , Zhang Ningning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Accurate classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is crucial for advancing brain–computer interface (BCI) technology. However, current methods face significant challenges in classifying hand movement EEG signals, including effective spatial feature extraction, capturing temporal dependencies, and representing underlying signal dynamics. Approach. This paper introduces a novel multi-model fusion approach, FusionNet-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), designed to address these issues. Specifically, it integrates Convolutional Neural Networks for spatial feature extraction, Gated Recurrent Units and LSTM networks for capturing temporal dependencies, and Autoregressive (AR) models for representing signal dynamics. Main results. Compared to single models and state-of-the-art methods, this fusion approach demonstrates substantial improvements in classification accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 87.1% in cross-subject data classification and 99.1% in within-subject data classification. Additionally, Gradient Boosting Trees were employed to evaluate the significance of various EEG features to the model. Significance. This study highlights the advantages of integrating multiple models and introduces a superior classification model, which is pivotal for the advancement of BCI systems.
A photocurable and thermocurable composite hydrogel and the application in a contraction resistant full-thickness skin model
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Wang Chunyan , Xiong Qianwei , Yin Ningbei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jie , Yang Keyu , Xu Zhuoyue , Ge Jianjun , Sha Lifeng , Wu Xiaoyue , Zhou Yun , Chen Zaozao , Gu Zhongze 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organotypic skin in vitro has attracted increasing attention for drug development, cosmetics evaluation, and even clinical applications. However, the severe contraction of these models restricts their application, especially in the analyses based on barrier functions such as percutaneous penetration. For the full-thickness skin equivalents, the mechanical properties of the dermis scaffold plays an important role in the contraction resistance. In this investigation, we optimized a hydrogel composed of gelatine methacrylamide (GelMA), hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA), and type I collagen (Col I), adjusted the elastic moduli to 2.27 ± 0.08 kPa to fit the skin cells growth and resist contraction as well. This optimized hydrogel exhibited a swelling ratio of 23.25 ± 0.94% and demonstrated satisfactory cell viability in fibroblasts cultures. Then, we mixed this hydrogel with fibroblasts of liquid–liquid culture to construct the dermis, on which seeded keratinocytes were seeded for another 14 d of air–liquid culture to form cornified epidermis, and a commercialized hydrogel Ava-FT-Skin was used as control. This optimized skin model could maintained its integrity for a prolonged period of 28 d. Differentiated epidermis presented basal, spinous, granular, and cornified layers, meanwhile, epidermis markers like keratin-10, keratin-14, involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, and dermis markers vimentin were expressed distinctly in the right distribution. Furthermore, penetration of a 607 Da Cascade blue-labeled dextran was calculated and compared to the Avatarget skin model, both of which could prevent more than 99% of the fluorescent molecule. We consider that this full-thickness skin model could be widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, especially in penetration detection, contributing to the excellent contraction resistance.
Industrial Policy Today in the Name of National Security in a World of GVCs
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In today’s world, the semiconductor trade has changed a lot. It is conducted through GVCs (global value chains), and the new key players are not “allies.” China has now entered this market. As semiconductors are a dual-use good, continued participation in this market contains a national security element. China, in the eyes of some key WTO incumbents, did not espouse free-market economics like Japan did, and its trade relations with the West (especially the US) have been strained as a result. This (along with political economy) explains the large subsidies that we observe. While industrial policy is making a comeback, its critique has not abated. Nonetheless, (some) critics tone down their voices when industrial policy is justified on national security grounds, especially when industrial policy is response to Chinese subsidies.
Terminating and Repeating Decimals
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
All fractions (rational numbers) have either terminating or eventually repeating decimal expansions. The fractions that have terminating decimals are completely characterized as being those with denominators dividing a power of 10. Their only prime divisors are either 2 or 5. All other rational numbers having purely repeating decimals have denominators that divide an appropriate string of 9’s. We cover how to transform a common fraction to a decimal and vice versa for both finite and infinitely repeating decimals. The chapter extends these observations in studying ancient Babylonian arithmetic having base 60 rather than base 10. A good approximation by the Babylonians for the number $\sqrt 2$ is presented.
Congruence Classes
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Biographical material about the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss is provided as an inspiration to us all. The useful concept of congruences modulo n as defined by Gauss is discussed and investigated. It is shown that congruences modulo n form an equivalence class satisfying the reflexive, symmetric, and transitive properties. The basic arithmetic properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with congruences are developed. Congruence class arithmetic is sometimes called “clock arithmetic.” Next, we introduce and discuss a bit about the outstanding French mathematician, Sophie Germain. Her life and work overlaps naturally with that of Gauss.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Endothelial Cells Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Vascular and Kidney Damage
Authors: Camarda Nicholas D , Lu Qing , Tesfu Angelina F , Liu Rui R , Ibarrola Jaime , Jaffe Iris Z 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) improve cancer patient survival by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. However, VEGFRis induce treatment-limiting hypertension which has been associated with impaired vascular endothelial cell (EC) function and kidney damage. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) regulates blood pressure (BP) via its effects on the vasculature and the kidney. Thus, we interrogated the role of the MR in EC dysfunction, renal impairment, and hypertension in a mouse model of VEGFRi-induced hypertension using sorafenib.

METHODS
EC dysfunction in mesenteric arterioles was assessed by immunoblotting for phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at serine 1177. Renal damage was measured by assessing glomerular endotheliosis histologically. BP was measured using implanted radiotelemetry.

RESULTS
Six days of sorafenib treatment significantly impaired mesenteric resistance vessel EC function, induced renal damage, and increased BP. Pharmacologic MR blockade with spironolactone prevented the sorafenib-induced decline in eNOS phosphorylation and renal glomerular endotheliosis, without affecting systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP. Mice with the MR knocked out specifically in ECs (EC-MR-KO) were protected from sorafenib-induced EC dysfunction and glomerular endotheliosis, whereas smooth muscle cell-specific MR (SMC-MR) knockout mice were not. Neither EC-MR nor SMC-MR knockout affected the degree to which sorafenib increased SBP or diastolic BP.

CONCLUSIONS
These results reveal that the MR, specifically in EC but not in SMCs, is necessary for VEGFRi-induced renal and vascular injury. While ineffective at lowering SBP, these data suggest potential therapeutic benefits of MR antagonists, like spironolactone, to protect the vasculature and the kidneys from VEGFRi-induced injury.
Release of Protected Test Information Under Protective Order: Viable Solution or Illusory Safeguard? An Interorganizational Position Paper
Authors: Boone Kyle Brauer , Sweet Jerry J , Beattey Robert A , Kaufmann Paul M , Hebben Nancy , Marreiro Catherine , James Joette , Silva Delia , Victor Tara , Hamilton Anita , Glen Tannahill , Kinsora Thomas F , Bender H Allison , Barisa Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To critically examine the assumption that protective orders are adequately protective of sensitive psychological/neuropsychological test information. Attorneys at times claim that to adequately cross-examine neuropsychological experts, they require direct access to protected test information, rather than having test data analyzed by retained neuropsychological experts. As a compromise, judges sometimes order that protected test information be released to attorneys under a protective order.

Method
An appointed writing group of forensic experts developed a position paper addressing the history of protective orders and their presumed effectiveness in protecting psychological and neuropsychological test content. The expert panel consisted of 12 forensic neuropsychologists, a forensic neuropsychologist/attorney, and a forensic psychologist/attorney.

Results
Eight reasons are enumerated as to why protective orders do not sufficiently safeguard protected psychological/neuropsychological information and thereby jeopardize future use of the tests. Recommendations are provided to the expert witness practitioner for navigating demands by non-psychologists for direct access to protected test information.

Conclusions
There is strong agreement within the practicing neuropsychology community that test security is a vital matter, which, if properly enforced, can ensure the validity of present and future psychological and neuropsychological assessments but, if ineffectively managed, will undermine such evaluations. Because the effectiveness of protective orders has not been, and cannot be, guaranteed, protected psychological and neuropsychological test information should not be released under a protective order.
On the Function of Advanced Modalizing
Authors: Yüksel Cansu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Lewisian account of modality based on counterpart theory suffers from the problems of advanced modalizing, where claims about spatiotemporally disunified entities are modalized. In this paper, I first discuss a strategy to bypass the problem, one which treats cases of advanced modalizing as cases of equivocation lying outside the scope of the translation. I then argue that the strategy does not satisfactorily generalize to the case of advanced modal claims involving abstract entities. This failure not only reveals the limitations of counterpart theory in handling abstracta, but also weakens the abductive argument for modal realism that posits it as a robust account of nominalism. Furthermore, advanced modalizing is an indispensable part of the Lewisian framework when doing metaphysics, since advanced modal claims made by Lewis himself strengthen his abductive argument for modal realism. Hence advanced modalizing plays a crucial role in the Lewisian project, and an account of advanced modalizing is needed for the Lewisian reduction of modality to succeed.