bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Total Meniscectomy versus Caudal Pole Hemimeniscectomy on the Stifle Joint of the Sheep
Authors: Bellenger C. R. , Ghosh P. , Numata Y. , Little C. , Simpson D. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTotal medial meniscectomy and caudal pole hemimeniscectomy were performed on the stifle joints of twelve sheep. The two forms of meniscectomy produced a comparable degree of postoperative lameness that resolved within two weeks of the operations. After six months the sheep were euthanatised and the stifle joints examined. Fibrous tissue that replaced the excised meniscus in the total meniscectomy group did not cover as much of the medial tibial condyle as the residual cranial pole and caudal fibrous tissue observed following hemimeniscectomy. The articular cartilage from different regions within the joints was examined for gross and histological evidence of degeneration. Analyses of the articular cartilage for water content, glycosaminoglycan composition and DNA content were performed. The proteoglycan synthesis and release from explanted articular cartilage samples in tissue culture were also measured. There were significant pathological changes in the medial compartment of all meniscectomised joints. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration that was observed following total meniscectomy and caudal pole meniscectomy was similar. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy, involving transection of the meniscus, causes the same degree of degeneration of the stifle joint that occurs following total meniscectomy.The effect of total medial meniscectomy versus caudal pole hemimeniscectomy on the stifle joint of sheep was studied experimentally. Six months after the operations gross pathology, histopathology, cartilage biochemical analysis and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in tissue culture were used to compare the articular cartilage harvested from the meniscectomised joints. Degeneration of the articular cartilage from the medial compartment of the joints was present in both of the groups. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy induces a comparable degree of articular cartilage degeneration to total medial meniscectomy in the sheep stifle joint.
Use of a DeVita Pin to Maintain Reduction of a Dislocated Total Hip Prosthesis in a Dog
Authors: Marcellin-Little D. J. , Roe S. C. , Marti J. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA two-year-old, female spayed Labrador Retriever with bilateral coxofemoral osteoarthritis received an uncemented total hip prosthesis in her left hip. The acetabular component was positioned in a slightly anteverted position. Five weeks after implantation, following a traumatic incident, the prosthetic hip dislocated without disruption of the femoral or the acetabular components. An open reduction of the luxation was performed, followed by a capsulorraphy and placement of a DeVita pin to secure the reduction. The pin migrated cranially to the epaxial musculature and was removed four weeks after its placement. One year after placing the DeVita pin, a followup examination found the animal not to be lame and without any physical or orthopaedic abnormalities.A DeVita pin was used to maintain reduction of a traumatically dislocated uncemented total hip prosthesis, five weeks after implantation.
Revision of Aseptic Loosening of the Femora] Implant in a Dog Using Cable Cerclage
Authors: Cross A. R. , Lanz O. I. , Blaeser L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAseptic loosening of the femoral implant (ALFI) has been reported in 7.2% of total hip arthroplasty procedures in the dog. In this case report, ALFI was diagnosed in a nine year old male German Shepherd, seven years after the initial cemented total hip arthroplasty was performed. The revision of the ALFI was performed using a longitudinal osteotomy to extract the polymethylmethacrylate and the titanium femoral prosthesis was replaced with a cobalt chromium model. The osteotomy and an iatrogenic femoral fracture were repaired using four 1.3 mm cables. Postoperative radiographs revealed satisfactory alignment, reduction of the osteotomy and adequate positioning of the femoral prosthesis.Case report describing the revision of aseptic loosening of the femoral implant seven years after the initial total hip arthroplasty was performed. The revision utilized four 1.3 mm cable cerclage.
Initial Clinical Experience with the IMEX™ Circular External Skeletal Fixation System
Authors: Radasch R. M. , Beale B. S. , Stallings J. T. , Lanz O. I. , Welch R. D. , Samchukov M.L. , Lewis D. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe IMEX™ Circular External Skeletal Fixation (CESF) System was used to stabilize fractures (12 radius and ulna and five tibia and fibula) in 15 dogs and two cats and arthrodeses (two pancarpal, one talocrural and one pantarsal) in four dogs. The ages of the animals with fractures ranged from six months to nine years (mean ± SD: 2.7 ± 2.5 years; median: 2.0 years) and the body weights of dogs with fractures ranged from 5.4 kg to 48.6 kg (mean ± SD: 21.3 ± 12.6 kg; median: 22.7 kg). The ages of the dogs having arthrodeses ranged from eight months to two years (mean ± SD: 18±10 months; median: 18 months) and body weights of dogs with arthrodeses ranged from 19.0 kg to 29.1 kg (mean ± SD: 22.7 ± 4.7 kg; median: 21.4 kg). Ten fractures were open and four had been previously managed with another form of stabilization. Ten fractures were comminuted and all of the fractures involved the diaphysis; two extended to the distal metaphysis. An extensive open reduction was used on three, a limited open reduction on seven and a closed reduction on seven fractures. Arthrodeses were performed via a limited open approach, for debridement of the articular cartilage and implantation of a cancellous bone graft. Most animals placed substantial weight on the affected limb within a few days following the operations. Wire and pin track inflammation was the most common complication during the convalescent period and was often associated with a decrease in weight-bearing. Sixteen fractures achieved radiographic union (mean ± SD: 46 ± 13 days; median: 43 days) long-term function (direct examination: mean ± SD: 76 ± 38 days; median: 43 days; telephone communication: mean ± SD: 366 ± 247 days; median: 381 days) was assessed as excellent in 10 animals and good in seven. All of the arthrodeses achieved radiographic union (mean ± SD: 74 ± 31 days; median: 71 days). Longterm function (direct examination: mean ± SD: 185 ± 182 days; median: 102 days; telephone communication: mean ± SD: 485 ± 22 days; median: 590 days) was assessed as good in two dogs and fair in two dogs. Our results establish the utility of the IMEX™ CESF System for stabilizing fractures and performing arthrodeses in dogs and cats.The IMEX™ Circular External Fixator System was used to stabilize radius and ulna or tibia and fibula-fractures in 15 dogs and two cats and perform arthrodeses ir four dogs. Sixteen fractures and all four arthrodeses achieved radiographic union. Limb function was assessed as excellent in ten animals, good in nine animals and fair in two dogs.Presented at the 23rd Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopaedics Society, Telluride, CO, USA March 5, 1996 University of Florida Journal Series #547.
Initial Clinical Experience with the IMEX™ Circular External Skeletal Fixation System
Authors: Radasch R. M. , Beale B. S. , Stallings J. T. , Welch R. D. , Samchukov M. L. , Lanz O. I. , Lewis D. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe IMEX™ Circular External Skeletal Fixation (CESF) System was used to treat 10 antebrachial deformities in nine dogs. The mandible of one dog with prognathism was also lengthened. Dogs ranged in age from four to 18 months (mean ± SD: 9 ± four months; median: eight months) and body weight from 2.6 to 46.0 kg (mean ± SD: 23.9 ± 11.2 kg; median: 24.2 kg). Linear distractions were performed with linear motors or threaded rods with paired nylon nuts securing the connecting rods to rings placed between ring blocks. Hinges and angular motors were used to correct angular deformities. A latency period of two to six days and a distraction rate of 1 mm/day, with a twice daily rhythm, were used. Distraction periods ranged from 12 to 32 days (mean ± SD: 21 ± 8 days; median: 25 days). Lengthening achieved ranged from 11 to 40 mm (mean ± SD: 20 ± 9 mm; median: 18 mm) or 6 to 30% (mean ± SD: 15 ± 8%; median: 13%) of the distracted bone’s initial length. All dogs had substantial improvement of their deformity and effective regenerate bone formation. Flexure contracture and wire and pin track inflammation were common complications during the convalescent period. Functional and cosmetic results (direct examination: mean ± SD: 130 ± 65 days; median: 123 days; telephone communication: mean ± SD: 351 ± 133 days; median: 324 days) were assessed as excellent in six, good in three and fair in two dogs and excellent in five, good in four and fair in one dog, respectively. The IMEX™ CESF system allowed precise deformity correction with minimal morbidity which was attributable to the system’s zero tolerance, zero motion properties.The IMEX™ Circular External Skeletal Fixator System was used to treat antebrachial deformities in nine dogs and to lengthen the mandible of one dog with prognathism. Functional results were assessed as excellent in six dogs, good in three dogs and fair in two dogs. Cosmetic results were assessed as excellent in five dogs, good in four dogs and fair in one dog.Presented at the 23rd Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopaedics Society, Telluride, CO, USA, March 5, 1996. University of Florida Journal Series #547.
Qualitative and Quantitative Scintigraphic Imaging to Predict Fracture Healing
Authors: Johnson Ann L. , Chambers M. , Smith C. W. , Kneller S. , Twardock A. R. , Schaeffer D. J. , Averill S. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPurpose: Evaluate the value of 24- hour postoperative quantitative bone scintigraphy to identify devascularized fragments and predict delayed fracture bridging in canine clinical patients; to determine the effect of fracture type, fixation type, age, sex, and weight on fracture bridging and the quantitative scintigraphic ratios; and to evaluate the relationship between qualitative scintigraphic assessment and quantitative scintigraphic ratios. Methods: Forty-two adult dogs, with diaphyseal long bone fractures treated with minimally invasive biological or invasive surgical techniques, were evaluated with 24-hour postoperative bone scintigraphy and six and 12 week postoperative radiographs. Fractured bones were classified as simple, moderately multiple, or severely multiple. Bone scintigrams were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Radiographs were made at six and 12 weeks after the operation and graded as fracture gap(s) bridged or not bridged with bone opacity material. The data was evaluated statistically to determine the relationship between age, sex, and weight of the dogs, fracture type, fixation type, and results of scintigram analysis to fracture bridging at six and 12 weeks. Results: Fourteen of the 42 fractures were bridged at six weeks after the operation and 33 at 12 weeks. Prediction of fracture healing was not possible. There was not any statistical relationship of fracture type, fixation, sex, nor weight to bridged fractures or non-bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks. There was a trend toward more of the fractures with multiple fragments treated with minimally invasive biological techniques to be bridged by 12 weeks when compared to similar fractures treated with invasive techniques. The mean age of dogs with bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks was significantly lower than the mean age of dogs with non-bridged fractures at six and 12 weeks. Qualitative scintigraphic assessment scores were not significantly related to the quantitative scintigraphic ratios or to fracture bridging. Conclusions: Neither qualitative nor quantitative assessment of bone scintigrams 24 hours after the operation could be used to predict fracture bridging at six or 12 weeks postoperatively.The value of 24-hour postoperative qualitative and quantitative bone scintigraphy to predict fracture bridging by 12 weeks in canine clinical patients with diaphyseal long bone fractures was evaluated. Neither qualitative nor quantitative assessment of bone scintigrams 24 hours after the operation could be used to predict fracture bridging by 12 weeks.Supported in part by a grant from the AO Vet Centre, Zurich, Switzerland.
Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Osteoarthritis of the Canine Stifle Joint
Authors: Barr A. R. S. , Patteson M. W. , Dieppe P. A. , Innes J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of scintigraphy in the evaluation of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint. Forty dogs with osteoarthritis of the stifle joint were examined scintigraphically using 99mTechnetium hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HMDP). Early (perfusion) and late (bone) scans of both stifle joints from each dog were obtained. Preliminary review of scans suggested three grades of early phase isotope retention (0, 1, 2) and two abnormal patterns of late phase retention (“generalised” and “marginal”). The reproducibility of these gradings/groupings was tested using unweighted kappa (ĸ) tests and found to be good (ĸ = 0.58) to excellent (ĸ = 0.93). Of 73 early phase scans, 35 (48%) showed some abnormality as did 61 (85%) of 72 late phase scans. Where both early and late phase scans were available (n = 65), 58 (89%) were considered abnormal. Results of scans were compared to clinical, radiographic and surgical observations. Scintigraphy was associated with clinical and radiographic data (ρ <0.05) but also appears to provide additional information. The marginal pattern was associated with bodyweight (ρ = 0.018), instability (odds ratio [OR] = 8.82), osteophytosis (OR = 18.64) and intra-articular mineralisation (OR = 31.09). Although not reaching statistical significance, the marginal pattern tended to be associated with articular cartilage fibrillation as observed at arthrotomy. The generalised pattern was seen in the absence of instability, effusion and osteophytosis. Scintigraphy appears to be a useful method for staging osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint, as well as providing a means to study disease mechanisms.Osteoarthritic canine stifle joints were examined scinti-graphically (early and late phase scans), clinically, radio-graphically and visually at surgery. Abnormal scan grades and patterns were defined, and the reproducibility of these gradings/groupings was tested and found to be good to excellent. Scintigraphic findings were associated with other disease measures but it appears that scintigraphy supplies additional information. Scintigraphy provides a useful method with which to investigate osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint.
Healing of Circular Defects in the Rabbit Medial Meniscus Can Occur Spontaneously and Is not Improved by Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Hope N. , Ghosh P. , Collier S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of intra-articular hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing. Circular defects, 1.0 mm in diameter, were made in the anterior third of the medial meniscus in rabbits. In one joint, 0.4 ml hyaluronic acid (Healon®) was instilled, and in the contralateral (control) joint, 0.4 ml Ringer’s saline. Four rabbits were killed after four, eight and 12 weeks and the menisci examined histologically. By eight weeks most of the lesions had healed by filling with hyaline-like cartilage. Healing was not improved by hyaluronic acid treatment. The repair tissue stained strongly with alcian blue, and the presence of type II collagen, keratan sulphate, and chondroitin sulphate was demonstrated by immunohistochemical localisation. In contrast to the circular defects, longitudinal incisions made in the medial menisci of a further six rabbits did not show any healing after 12 weeks, indicating that the shape of the lesion largely determined the potential for healing.The effect of hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing was tested in a rabbit model. With one millimeter circular lesions in the medial meniscus, healing by filling with hyalinelike cartilage was not significantly affected by the application of hyaluronic acid intra-articularly at the time of surgery, compared to saline controls, as assessed histologically four, eight and 12 weeks after the operation.
Evaluation of the Leeds-Keio Synthetic Replacement for the Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Dogs: An Experimental Study
Authors: Griffey S. , Massat B. J. , Vasseur P. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEight conditioned research dogs, whose body weight was between 25 and 30 kg, had unilateral implantation of a Leeds-Keio (LK) synthetic implant (Dacron polyester) immediately after severance and removal of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). A rectangular- shaped autograft, composed of fascia lata, was placed within the LK implant in four of the eight dogs; the other four dogs received the LK implant only. Modified Robert Jones bandages were placed on the limbs that had been operated upon; the bandages were left in place for 48 hours. After that time the limbs were not splinted. The dogs were confined to 1.5 m X 3 m kennels, with twice daily leash walks for the duration of the study. Although the joints that received the LK implants were stable immediately after the operation, they all developed progressive effusion, crepitation and instability accompanied by clinically apparent lameness. All of the dogs were euthanatized three months after the operations. Gross examination of the eight joints that had been operated upon confirmed the presence of degenerative joint disease. Three of the eight dogs had “bucket handle” type tears of their medial meniscus in the joints with the LK implant, and the medial menisci in the other five stifle joints that received LK implants had a fibrillated surface texture. Five of the eight LK implants had either ruptured completely or were stretched and frayed to the point where mechanical testing was not justified. Mean breaking strength of the 3 intact LK implants was 6.6% of the contralateral, control CCL. Ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the LK implants was minimal. The synovium from all joints with LK implants had moderate to severely increased cellularity within the synovial villi and supporting stroma consisting predominantly of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells formed aggregates around irregular shaped strands of particulate material which was translucent and refractive. Under polarized light, these particles were bright yellow to green consistent with Dacron particles. It was concluded that the LK implant, as implanted in this study, was not a satisfactory replacement for the CCL in dogs.The Leeds-Keio synthetic replacement for the canine cranial cruciate ligament was implanted in eight dogs. All eight dogs developed progressive instability and secondary degenerative joint disease over a period of three months after the operation. It was concluded that the Leeds-Keio ligament, as implanted in this study, is not satisfactory for use in dogs.
Mechanical Strength of Synthetic Casting Tape for Application to Fracture Treatment of Farm Animals
Authors: Kawamoto Y. , Nuta S. , Tomizawa N. , Hara S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCompressive and torsional strength of cyclindrically formed synthetic casting tape for animals (Vetcast Plus™), composed of polyurethane-impregnated glass fibres, was investigated to determine its adequate application to fracture treatment of farm animals. After the completion of curing reaction, six-layered samples of the synthetic casting tape tolerated a compressive load of 6630 N (680 kgf). The sixlayered casting tape had also a torsional strength of 64 N · m. The compressive strength increased with time after the initiation of curing reaction. The time required for practical curing (achieving more than 60% of a final strength) was only 30 min, and that for complete curing 120 min. It was demonstrated that efficacious and safe fracture treatment of farm animals could be carried out using the synthetic casting tape for animals when a layer number appropriate to the total body weight of the patient animal was employed. The information obtained in this study is thought to be very useful in clinical practice.Mechanical strength of poly-urethane-impregnated synthetic casting tape was investigated to determine its adequate application to fracture treatment of farm animals. It was demonstrated that mechanical strength of cylindrically formed samples of the casting tape depended upon the layer number, and the six-layered sample tolerated a compressive load of 6630 N and a torsional load of 64 N · m when completely cured.
Fractures of the Proximal Ulna in Dogs
Authors: Muir P. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn a retrospective study of fractures of the proximal ulna in dogs, 22 cases were identified over a 12-year period. Follow-up data was available for 13 dogs. Fractures of the proximal ulna were often comminuted, and most commonly had an intra-articular component affecting the ulnaro-humeral joint. Common causes included: motor vehicle trauma and falls from a height. Blunt thoracic trauma and additional orthopaedic injuries were often seen with the more severe types of fractures.Healing of intra-articular proximal ulnar fractures usually occurred after anatomical reconstruction and rigid internal fixation. Secondary osteoarthritis was minimal. The pin and tension band technique gave satisfactory results for simple non-articular fractures of the olecranon, but for intra-articular fractures this fixation method was associated with a greater incidence of complications such as: implant breakage, delayed union and infection. Implant loosening or breakage and delayed union were not observed, when fracture fixation with bone plates placed on the caudal or lateral aspects of the ulna was performed. Localized infection associated with a bone plate was identified in one of 10 patients and plate removal was carried out after the fracture had healed.Fractures of the proximal ulna in 13 dogs were frequently intra-articular and comminuted. Most fractures stabilized with tension band fixation or a small bone plate on the caudal surface of the ulna healed with minimal secondary osteoarthritis. However, complications with tension band fixation were common.