bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aquaculture on Lakes in the Central Yangtze River Basin, China, II: Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Qu Xiao , Xia Wengtong , Wang Rui , Zhang Yingxue , Xie Zhicai , Trushenski Jesse , Chen Yushun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
There is limited information available on the effects of extensive aquaculture or “fish ranching” operations on lake ecosystems. To study the effects of aquaculture on lake ecosystems, benthic macroinvertebrate communities were investigated from July to September 2015 in 23 lakes within the middle reach of the Yangtze River basin. The lakes represented four lake management strategies: fish ranching supported by low (LOW), medium (MEDIUM), or high (HIGH) stocking rates; or fallowing (FALLOW) in which previously ranched HIGH lakes had not been stocked for 2 years. Total macroinvertebrate densities did not vary significantly but were highest in the FALLOW lakes (2,352 individuals/m2), lowest in the LOW lakes (544 individuals/m2), and intermediate in the HIGH (1,734 individuals/m2) and MEDIUM lakes (1,208 individuals/m2). Chironomid densities were significantly lower in LOW lakes compared to all others, and mollusks were not observed in LOW lakes. Chironomid and total macroinvertebrate biomasses were also significantly lower in LOW lakes than in the other lakes. The FALLOW lakes had significantly greater biomasses of mollusks, oligochaetes, and total macroinvertebrates than all other lakes. Two pollution-tolerant taxa, Tubificidae and Chironomidae, were dominant in all lakes regardless of management strategy, indicating that all study lakes were experiencing some degree of eutrophication. Results indicated that fish ranching does not affect macroinvertebrate communities in a predictable manner based on stocking density, but allowing for a fallowing period could potentially benefit lake macroinvertebrates. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that chlorophyll a, chloride, conductivity, and total nitrogen were affecting macroinvertebrate density in these lakes, while total suspended solids, alkalinity, turbidity, total hardness, and water depth affected macroinvertebrate biomass.
Identification of Children's BMI Trajectories and Prediction from Weight Gain in Infancy
Authors: Bichteler Anne , Gershoff Elizabeth T. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to identify patterns of BMI changes across childhood (ages 24 months to 13 years) and to assess whether demographic characteristics, birth weight, and percent infant weight gain from birth to 15 months predicted BMI patterns.MethodsEleven waves of data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were used. Trained technicians assessed children's weight at birth and 10 times from 15 months to eighth grade (N = 1364). Latent growth modeling was used to estimate BMI change trajectories, and logistic regression was used to predict membership in trajectory classes.ResultsChildren in the high‐rising and low‐to‐high BMI patterns had the highest BMI of all trajectory groups during middle childhood. Birth weight and infant weight gain were stronger predictors of trajectory membership than gender or race/ethnicity. Infant weight gain predicted high‐rising membership over and above the effect of birth weight. African American children had lower birth weight, faster infant weight increase, and higher odds of being in one of the rising trajectories. Risk algorithms are provided.ConclusionsClinicians should monitor weight gain during infancy independent of birth weight. Researchers should continue investigating the lasting physiological effects of early rapid weight gain in infancy.
High‐resolution crystal structures reveal a mixture of conformers of the Gly61‐Asp62 peptide bond in an oxidized flavodoxin from Bacillus cereus
Authors: Gudim Ingvild , Lofstad Marie , van Beek Wouter , Hersleth Hans‐Petter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlavodoxins (Flds) are small proteins that shuttle electrons in a range of reactions in microorganisms. Flds contain a redox‐active cofactor, a flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and it is well established that when Flds are reduced by one electron, a peptide bond close to the FMN isoalloxazine ring flips to form a new hydrogen bond with the FMN N5H, stabilizing the one‐electron reduced state. Here, we present high‐resolution crystal structures of Flavodoxin 1 from Bacillus cereus in both the oxidized (ox) and one‐electron reduced (semiquinone, sq) state. We observe a mixture of conformers in the oxidized state; a 50:50 distribution between the established oxidized conformation where the peptide bond is pointing away from the flavin, and a conformation where the peptide bond is pointing toward the flavin, approximating the conformation in the semiquinone state. We use single‐crystal spectroscopy to demonstrate that the mixture of conformers is not caused by radiation damage to the crystal. This is the first time that such a mixture of conformers is reported in a wild‐type Fld. We therefore carried out a survey of published Fld structures, which show that several proteins have a pronounced conformational flexibility of this peptide bond. The degree of flexibility seems to be modulated by the presence, or absence, of stabilizing interactions between the peptide bond carbonyl and its surrounding amino acids. We hypothesize that the degree of conformational flexibility will affect the Fld ox/sq redox potential.
The structure of the N‐terminal module of the cell wall hydrolase RipA and its role in regulating catalytic activity
Authors: Steiner Eva Maria , Lyngsø Jeppe , Guy Jodie E. , Bourenkov Gleb , Lindqvist Ylva , Schneider Thomas R. , Pedersen Jan Skov , Schneider Gunter , Schnell Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRipA plays a vital role during cell division of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by degrading the cell wall peptidoglycan at the septum, allowing daughter cell separation. The peptidoglycan degrading activity relies on the NlpC/P60 domain, and as it is potentially harmful when deregulated, spatial and temporal control is necessary in this process. The N‐terminal domain of RipA has been proposed to play an inhibitory role blocking the C‐terminal NlpC/P60 domain. Accessibility of the active site cysteine residue is however not limited by the presence of the N‐terminal domain, but by the lid‐module of the inter‐domain linker, which is situated in the peptide binding groove of the crystal structures of the catalytic domain. The 2.2 Å resolution structure of the N‐terminal domain, determined by Se‐SAD phasing, reveals an all‐α‐fold with 2 long α‐helices, and shows similarity to bacterial periplasmic protein domains with scaffold‐building role. Size exclusion chromatography and SAXS experiments are consistent with dimer formation of this domain in solution. The SAXS data from the periplasmic two‐domain RipA construct suggest a rigid baton‐like structure of the N‐terminal module, with the catalytic domain connected by a 24 residue long flexible linker. This flexible linker allows for a catalytic zone, which is part of the spatiotemporal control of peptidoglycan degradation.
Why did fewer people change address in England and Wales in the 2000s than in the 1970s? Evidence from an analysis of the ONS Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Cooke Thomas , Champion Tony 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper explores why internal migration rates fell in England and Wales between 1971 to 1981 and 2001 to 2011. It considers all‐address changing rates, short‐distance migration (address changes involving moves of 10 km or less) and long‐distance migration (moves of 50 km or more). It does so by using the Blinder–Oaxaca method to decompose the differences between the 2 time periods into a compositional component (changes in the aggregate migration rate attributable to increases or decreases in more or less migratory groups of the population) and a rate component—the extent to which these population groups behave differently in the 2 time periods. The analysis finds that changing population structure since the 1970s does not fully account for the observed decreases. Instead, it seems that changed migratory behaviour and in particular, a large general downward effect that cuts across all population groups are the most important component. The greater decrease in address changing observed for all moves and those of less than 10 km (compared with longer distance moves) points the search for further explanations in the direction of factors known to be associated with short‐distance moves such as the housing market, and this is identified as an avenue for more research.
Regioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Ullmann Amination of Halopyridyl Carboxylates using Sodium Azide: A Route for Aminopyridyl Carboxylates and their Transformation to Pyrido[2, 3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Nisha  , Sharma Mr. Chetan , Kumar Rupesh , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report herein an efficient, straightforward and ligand free synthesis of aminopyridyl carboxylates, an important building block used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The C(sp2)‐N bond formation utilize a readily available Cu‐catalyst, NaN3 as the amino source in ethanol, and the corresponding ortho‐functionalized aromatic amines were synthesized in good to excellent yields. This ligand free one‐pot domino methodology proceeds through Ullmann‐type coupling of halopyridyl carboxylates with sodium azide followed by reduction with ethanol. These functionalized aminopyridyl carboxylates provides an easy access to biologically potent pyrido[2, 3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one hybrids.
Comprehensive long‐term efficacy and safety of recombinant human alpha‐mannosidase (velmanase alfa) treatment in patients with alpha‐mannosidosis
Authors: Lund Allan M. , Borgwardt Line , Cattaneo Federica , Ardigò Diego , Geraci Silvia , Gil‐Campos Mercedes , De Meirleir Linda , Laroche Cécile , Dolhem Philippe , Cole Duncan , Tylki‐Szymanska Anna , Lopez‐Rodriguez Monica , Guillén‐Navarro Encarna , Dali Christine I. , Héron Bénédicte , Fogh Jens , Muschol Nicole , Phillips Dawn , Van den Hout J. M. Hannerieke , Jones Simon A. , Amraoui Yasmina , Harmatz Paul , Guffon Nathalie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term outcome data provide important insights into the clinical utility of enzyme replacement therapies. Such data are presented for velmanase alfa in the treatment of alpha‐mannosidosis (AM).MethodsPatient data (n = 33; 14 adults, 19 paediatric) from the clinical development programme for velmanase alfa were integrated in this prospectively‐designed analysis of long‐term efficacy and safety. Patients who participated in the phase I/II or phase III trials and were continuing to receive treatment after completion of the trials were invited to participate in a comprehensive evaluation visit to assess long‐term outcomes. Primary endpoints were changes in serum oligosaccharide and the 3‐minute stair climb test (3MSCT).ResultsMean (SD) treatment exposure was 29.3 (15.2) months. Serum oligosaccharide levels were significantly reduced in the overall population at 12 months (mean change: –72.7%, P < 0.001) and remained statistically significant at last observation (−62.8%, P < 0.001). A mean improvement of +9.3% in 3MSCT was observed at 12 months (P = 0.013), which also remained statistically significant at last observation (+13.8%, P = 0.004), with a more pronounced improvement detected in the paediatric subgroup. No treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported leading to permanent treatment discontinuation.ConclusionsPatients treated with velmanase alfa experienced improvements in biochemical and functional measures that were maintained for up to 4 years. Long term follow‐up is important and further supports the use of velmanase alfa as an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for AM. Based on the currently available data set, no baseline characteristic can be predictive of treatment outcome. Early treatment during paediatric age showed better outcome in functional endpoints.
Too much or too little? A short‐term longitudinal study of youth's own economic resources and risk behaviour
Authors: Plenty Stephanie 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examined socioeconomic differences in risk behaviours according to youth‐oriented measures of economic resources. Using a representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 3,939, 51% females), the associations that youth's own economy shared with smoking, drinking and conduct problems were examined. Data was based on population register and self‐report information when participants were in grades 8 (T1 aged 14–15) and 9 (T2 aged 15–16). Missing activities due to financial constraints and having a cash margin were each positively associated with concurrent risk behaviours. However, longitudinal analyses showed that missing activities only increased the likelihood of conduct problems and having a cash margin only increased the likelihood of drinking one‐year later. The results demonstrate that youth‐oriented conceptualisations of economic resources identify gradients in drinking, smoking and conduct problems that are distinct from family socioeconomic status. However, adolescents' absolute and relative economic resources are associated with risk behaviours in opposite directions.
Formation of mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite
Authors: Ragozin A.L. , Zedgenizov D.A. , Shatsky V.S. , Kuper K.E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite (Daldyn field, Yakutian diamondiferous province) are morphologicaly and structurally similar to dark gray mosaic diamonds of varieties V and VII found frequently in placers of the northeastern Siberian craton. However, although being similar in microstructure, the two groups of diamonds differ in formation mechanism: splitting of crystals in the case of placer diamonds (V and VII) and growth by geometric selection in the Zarnitsa kimberlite diamonds. Selective growth on originally polycrystalline substrates in the latter has produced radial microstructures with grains coarsening rimward from distinctly polycrystalline cores. Besides the formation mechanisms, diamonds of the two groups differ in origin of mineral inclusions, distribution of defects and nitrogen impurity, and carbon isotope composition. Unlike the placer diamonds of varieties V and VII, the analyzed crystals from the Zarnitsa kimberlite enclose peridotitic minerals (olivines and subcalcic Cr-bearing pyropes) and have total nitrogen contents common to natural kimberlitic diamonds (0 to 1761 ppm) and typical mantle carbon isotope compositions (–1.9 to –6.2‰ δ13C; –4.2‰ on average). The distribution of defect centers in the Zarnitsa diamond samples fits the annealing model implying that nitrogen aggregation decreases from core to rim.
Tension grips the flow
Authors: Bandi M. M. 
Published: May 2018

Surface tension plays a dominant role in the formation and stability of soap films. It renders them both a quasi-two-dimensional fluid and an elastic membrane at the same time. The techniques for measuring the surface tension of the soap solution may very well apply to the static soap film, but how can the surface tension of a soap film be unintrusively measured, and what value would it assume? The answer, being at the intersection of physical chemistry, non-equilibrium physics and interfacial fluid dynamics, is not amenable to deduction via established methods. In a joint theoretical and experimental study, Sane et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 841, 2018, R2) exploit elasticity theory to glean the answer through a simple, yet elegant framework.
Possible case of trichinellosis associated with beaver (Castor fiber) meat
Authors: Bronstein A.M. , Lukashev A.N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough there have been occasional reports of rare and low-level trichinellae infestation in beavers, no human cases of beaver-associated trichinellosis have been described. This report presents a possible case of human trichinellosis linked to beaver meat. Increasing consumption of beaver meat necessitates raising awareness of this potential source of trichinellosis.
Population trends of seabirds at Stinker Point, Elephant Island, Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Petry Maria V. , Valls Fernanda C.L. , Petersen Elisa S. , Finger Júlia V.G. , Krüger Lucas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAvailable information about seabird breeding population trends on Stinker Point (Elephant Island, Maritime Antarctic Peninsula) is outdated by decades. This study reports current numbers of breeding species, and evaluates population trends over 28 years. We counted breeding pairs of seabirds along all ice-free areas on Stinker Point during two distinct periods (summers of 1985/86–1991/92 and 2009/10–2013/14). Thirteen species currently breed in the area: four Sphenisciformes, four Procellariiformes, one Suliforme and four Charadriiformes. Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus has the highest number of breeding pairs (4971±590), followed by gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua (1242±339). Comparisons between the two intervals showed declining trends for almost all breeding populations, although southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus are experiencing a subtle population growth. Population decreases in locations with low human disturbance, such as Stinker Point, may indicate sensibility to climate and environmental change and need further investigation.
Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered	Eating
Authors: Thielemann Desiree , Richter Felicitas , Strauss Bernd , Braehler Elmar , Altmann Uwe , Berger Uwe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.
Laboratory Excitation of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability in an Ionospheric‐Like Plasma
Authors: Liu Yu , Lei Jiuhou , Yu Pengcheng , Ling Yiming , Zhang Zhongkai , Liu Pengfei , Cao Jinxiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the work, laboratory experiments were designed to simulate the collisional plasma environment of the ionosphere. Neutral gas was injected to increase the ion‐neutral collisions, and the ambient plasma subsequently transforms from the magnetospheric‐like collisionless plasma to the ionospheric‐like collisional one. In the collisionless plasma, the classical electrostatic Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) was generated using an interpenetrating plasma method. However, the collisionless KHI was dissipated in the collisional plasma and subsequently a new wave mode was excited. The mode was identified as the collisional KHI by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical wave dispersion relation. The result indicates that the KHI can be excited in the ionospheric‐like collisional plasma, which could be applied to understand the generation mechanism of the ionospheric irregularities by the bottomside sheared flow.
Synaptic phospholipids as a new target for cortical hyperexcitability and E/I balance in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Thalman Carine , Horta Guilherme , Qiao Lianyong , Endle Heiko , Tegeder Irmgard , Cheng Hong , Laube Gregor , Sigurdsson Torfi , Hauser Maria Jelena , Tenzer Stefan , Distler Ute , Aoki Junken , Morris Andrew J. , Geisslinger Gerd , Röper Jochen , Kirischuk Sergei , Luhmann Heiko J. , Radyushkin Konstantin , Nitsch Robert , Vogt Johannes 
Published: May 2018

SummaryLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a synaptic phospholipid, which regulates cortical excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance and controls sensory information processing in mice and man. Altered synaptic LPA signaling was shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders. Here, we show that the LPA-synthesizing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) is expressed in the astrocytic compartment of excitatory synapses and modulates glutamatergic transmission. In astrocytes, ATX is sorted toward fine astrocytic processes and transported to excitatory but not inhibitory synapses. This ATX sorting, as well as the enzymatic activity of astrocyte-derived ATX are dynamically regulated by neuronal activity via astrocytic glutamate receptors. Pharmacological and genetic ATX inhibition both rescued schizophrenia-related hyperexcitability syndromes caused by altered bioactive lipid signaling in two genetic mouse models for psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, ATX inhibition did not affect naive animals. However, as our data suggested that pharmacological ATX inhibition is a general method to reverse cortical excitability, we applied ATX inhibition in a ketamine model of schizophrenia and rescued thereby the electrophysiological and behavioral schizophrenia-like phenotype. Our data show that astrocytic ATX is a novel modulator of glutamatergic transmission and that targeting ATX might be a versatile strategy for a novel drug therapy to treat cortical hyperexcitability in psychiatric disorders.
Dicer1 downregulation by multiple myeloma cells promotes the senescence and tumor-supporting capacity and decreases the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Guo Juan , Zhao Youshan , Fei Chengming , Zhao Sida , Zheng Qingqing , Su Jiying , Wu Dong , Li Xiao , Chang Chunkang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) facilitate the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates that the senescence of MM-MSCs significantly increased, as evidenced by a decrease in proliferation and increase in the number of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Senescent MM-MSCs displayed decreased differentiation potential and increased tumor-supporting capacity. Dicer1 knockdown in the MSCs of healthy controls promoted cellular senescence and tumor-supporting capacity, while decreasing the differentiation capacity. Dicer1 overexpression in MM-MSCs reversed the effects on differentiation and reduced cellular senescence. In addition, decreased expression of the microRNA-17 family was identified as a favorable element responsible for increasing senescence, with the expression of p21 increased in Dicer1 knockdown cells. Furthermore, we observed decreased expression of miR-93 and miR-20a in MM-MSCs, while upregulation of miR-93/miR-20a decreased cellular senescence, as evidenced by the increased p21 expression. Importantly, we found that myeloma cells could induce the senescence of MSCs from healthy controls, as observed from the decreased expression of Dicer1 and miR-93/miR-20a and increased expression of p21. Overall, MM cells downregulate Dicer1 in MSCs, which leads to senescence; in turn, senescent MSCs promote MM cell growth, which most likely contributes to disease progression.