bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Advances in Microfiber Humidity Sensors
Authors: Peng Yun , Zhao Yong , Chen Mao‐Qing , Xia Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn overview of the numerous latest research in microfiber humidity sensors is carried out with a specific focus on measurement methods, humidity sensitive materials, probe structures, and sensing properties of different sensors. First, five mainstream measurement structures, including taper, fiber grating, coupler, resonator, and interferometer are reviewed. It is concluded that these measurement structures sense the physicochemical property variations of microfibers or sensitive films and exhibit the change of optical signal when exposed to environment. Second, the basic preparation methods, humidity‐sensing properties, and their advantages and disadvantages as humidity sensitive material are addressed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of all the above sensing structures are also discussed and compared. Finally, the main existing problems and potential solutions of microfiber humidity sensors are pointed out.
New stationary phase for capillary liquid chromatography based on polydimethylsiloxane immobilized onto a Monolithic Silica Support
Authors: Pires Fabiane , Otálora Julie Alexandra Bautista , Bottoli Carla Beatriz Grespan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new stationary phase based on polydimethylsiloxane immobilized onto a monolithic silica support was prepared for performing reversed‐phase capillary liquid chromatography. Silica monoliths, using tetramethoxysilane as precursor, and hybrid monoliths, using tetramethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane as precursors, were prepared by the sol–gel process. Polydimethylsiloxane was deposited on the monolithic matrix and its immobilization was performed through thermal treatment. Characterization was made by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and by chromatographic evaluation for the separation of six alkylbenzenes. An efficiency of 79 500 plates/m was reached for columns of 200 μm id, demonstrating that it would be a promising alternative to a reversed‐phase column in capillary liquid chromatography.
Salvage harvesting for bioenergy in Canada: From sustainable and integrated supply chain to climate change mitigation
Authors: Mansuy Nicolas , Barrette Julie , Laganière Jérôme , Mabee Warren , Paré David , Gautam Shuva , Thiffault Evelyne , Ghafghazi Saeed 
Published: June 2018

Driven by the policy imperatives of mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving energy security, an increasing proportion of global energy demand is being met by nonfossil energy sources. The socioeconomic and environmental benefits of replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy are complex; however, debate continues about issues such as best practices for biomass removal, stable supply chains, and GHG mitigation. With the greatest biomass per capita in the world, Canada could play an increasing role in the future of global bioenergy and the emerging bioeconomy. This paper reviews the utilization of feedstock salvaged after natural disturbances (fire and insect outbreaks) to supply wood‐based bioenergy, by addressing the following multidisciplinary questions: (1) How much salvaged feedstock is available, and what are the uncertainties around these estimates? (2) How can sustainable practices to support increased removal of biomass be implemented? (3) What are the constraints on development of an integrated supply chain and cost‐effective mobilization of the biomass? (4) Is the quality of biomass from salvaged trees suitable for conversion to bioenergy? (5) What is the potential for climate change mitigation? In average, salvaged feedstock from fire and insects could theoretically provide about 100 × 106 oven Dry ton (ODT) biomass per year, with high variability over time and space. Existing policies and guidelines for harvesting of woody biomass in Canadian jurisdictions could support sustainable biomass removal. However, uncertainties remain as to the development of competitive and profitable supply chains, because of the large distances between the locations of this feedstock and available processing sites. Another uncertainty lies in the time needed for a benefit in climate change mitigation to occur. A flexible supply chain, integrated with other sources of biomass residues, is needed to develop a cost‐efficient bioenergy sector.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Holographic anisotropic background with confinement-deconfinement phase transition
Authors: Aref’eva Irina , Rannu Kristina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We present new anisotropic black brane solutions in 5D Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell system. The anisotropic background is specified by an arbitrary dynamical exponent ν, a nontrivial warp factor, a non-zero dilaton field, a non-zero time component of the first Maxwell field and a non-zero longitudinal magnetic component of the second Maxwell field. The blackening function supports the Van der Waals-like phase transition between small and large black holes for a suitable first Maxwell field charge. The isotropic case corresponding to ν = 1 and zero magnetic field reproduces previously known solutions. We investigate the anisotropy influence on the thermodynamic properties of our background, in particular, on the small/large black holes phase transition diagram.
We discuss applications of the model to the bottom-up holographic QCD. The RG flow interpolates between the UV section with two suppressed transversal coordinates and the IR section with the suppressed time and longitudinal coordinates due to anisotropic character of our solution. We study the temporal Wilson loops, extended in longitudinal and transversal directions, by calculating the minimal surfaces of the corresponding probing open string world-sheet in anisotropic backgrounds with various temperatures and chemical potentials. We find that dynamical wall locations depend on the orientation of the quark pairs, that gives a crossover transition line between confinement/deconfinement phases in the dual gauge theory. Instability of the background leads to the appearance of the critical points (μ

ϑ,b

, T

ϑ,b
) depending on the orientation ϑ of quark-antiquark pairs in respect to the heavy ions collision line.
An MBO Scheme for Minimizing the Graph Ohta–Kawasaki Functional
Authors: van Gennip Yves 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study a graph-based version of the Ohta–Kawasaki functional, which was originally introduced in a continuum setting to model pattern formation in diblock copolymer melts and has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic example of a variational model for pattern formation. Graph-based problems inspired by partial differential equations (PDEs) and variational methods have been the subject of many recent papers in the mathematical literature, because of their applications in areas such as image processing and data classification. This paper extends the area of PDE inspired graph-based problems to pattern-forming models, while continuing in the tradition of recent papers in the field. We introduce a mass conserving Merriman–Bence–Osher (MBO) scheme for minimizing the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint. We present three main results: (1) the Lyapunov functionals associated with this MBO scheme$$\Gamma $$Γ-converge to the Ohta–Kawasaki functional (which includes the standard graph-based MBO scheme and total variation as a special case); (2) there is a class of graphs on which the Ohta–Kawasaki MBO scheme corresponds to a standard MBO scheme on a transformed graph and for which generalized comparison principles hold; (3) this MBO scheme allows for the numerical computation of (approximate) minimizers of the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint.
Changes in biooxidation mechanism and transient biofilm characteristics by As(V) during arsenopyrite colonization with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
Authors: Ramírez-Aldaba Hugo , Vázquez-Arenas Jorge , Sosa-Rodríguez Fabiola S , Valdez-Pérez Donato , Ruiz-Baca Estela , Trejo-Córdoba Gabriel , Escobedo-Bretado Miguel A , Lartundo-Rojas Luis , Ponce-Peña Patricia , Lara René H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Chemical and surface analyses are carried out using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS) and extracellular surface protein quantification to thoroughly investigate the effect of supplementary As(V) during biooxidation of arsenopyrite by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. It is revealed that arsenic can enhance bacterial reactions during bioleaching, which can strongly influence its mobility. Biofilms occur as compact-flattened microcolonies, being progressively covered by a significant amount of secondary compounds (Sn 2-, S0, pyrite-like). Biooxidation mechanism is modified in the presence of supplementary As(V), as indicated by spectroscopic and microscopic studies. GDS confirms significant variations between abiotic control and biooxidized arsenopyrite in terms of surface reactivity and amount of secondary compounds with and without As(V) (i.e. 6 μm depth). CLSM and protein analyses indicate a rapid modification in biofilm from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character (i.e. 1–12 h), in spite of the decrease in extracellular surface proteins in the presence of supplementary As(V) (i.e. stressed biofilms).
Uptake of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Female BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Mor Pnina , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Metcalfe Kelly A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWomen with a germline pathogenic variant in the BReast CAncer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2) have an increased risk of early‐onset breast and ovarian cancer. In addition to weighing cancer screening and risk‐reduction options, healthy BRCA mutation carriers of childbearing age may choose to preclude passing the mutation to the next generation. In the current study, we report on preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) practices in BRCA‐positive Israeli women who were offered PGD at no cost. Methods: we measured PGD uptake, decision satisfaction or regret, and predictors of uptake. Of the 70 participant female carriers, only 25.7% chose to use PGD to prevent transmission of the mutation, and were not predicted by age or religious affiliation. For those who chose IVF/PGD, satisfaction with the decision regarding IVF and PGD was significantly higher than those who did not have IVF and PGD (p < 0.04). Experiencing previous infertility was the only significant predictor of uptake of IVF/PGD (p < 0.001), which may suggest that BRCA status is secondary to infertility in the decision‐making process for PGD in women with a BRCA mutation.
Essential bundle theory and modality
Authors: Jago Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBundle theories identify material objects with bundles of properties. On the traditional approach, these are the properties possessed by that material object. That view faces a deep problem: it seems to say that all of an object’s properties are essential to it.Essential bundle theoryattempts to overcome this objection, by taking the bundle as a specification of the object’s essential properties only. In this paper, I show that essential bundle theory faces a variant of the objection. To avoid the problem, the theory must accept the contingency of identity. I show how this can be achieved in a coherent and well-motivated way, a way that isn’t available to traditional bundle theories.
A paradox of latitudinal leaf defense strategies in deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees
Authors: Saihanna Saihanna , Tanaka Tomoe , Okamura Yu , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Hirao Toshihide , Kubota Yasuhiro , Murakami Masashi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe classical “low latitude–high defense” hypothesis is seldom supported by empirical evidence. In this context, we tested latitudinal patterns in the leaf defense traits of deciduous broadleaved (DB) and evergreen broadleaved (EGB) tree species, which are expected to affect herbivore diversity. We examined the co‐occurrence of leaf defense traits (tannin and phenol content, leaf mechanical strength, leaf dry matter content, leaf mass per area, and leaf thickness) in 741 broadleaved tree species and their correlations with species geographical range in East Asian island flora. We discovered contrasting latitudinal defense strategy gradients in DB and EGB tree species. DB species employed chemical defenses (increasing tannin and phenol content) at higher latitudes and physical defenses (softer and thinner leaves) at lower latitudes, whereas EGB tree species exhibited opposite latitudinal defense patterns. The “low latitude high defense” hypothesis included a paradoxical aspect in chemical and physical defense traits across broadleaved tree species. To reconcile paradoxical defense strategies along the latitudinal gradient, we conclude that interactive correlations among leaf traits are controlled by leaf longevity, which differs between DB and EGB tree species.
Effect of Shockwave Treatment for Management of Upper and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Reilly Julia M. , Bluman Eric , Tenforde Adam S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a technology that was first introduced into clinical practice in 1982 for urologic conditions. Subsequent clinical applications in musculoskeletal conditions have been described in treatment of plantar fasciopathy, both upper and lower extremity tendinopathies, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, management of nonunion fractures, and joint disease including avascular necrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of treatment of musculoskeletal conditions with ESWT, accounting for differences in treatment protocol and energy levels. Complications from ESWT are rare but include 2 reported cases of injury to bone and Achilles tendon rupture in older adults using focused shockwave. Collectively, studies suggest ESWT is generally well‐tolerated treatment strategy for multiple musculoskeletal conditions commonly seen in clinical practice.Level of EvidenceIII
Aphonogelia After Recovery From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report
Authors: McLeod Scott A. , Lam Alva , Spencer Adam , Wei Xing‐Chang , Gnanakumar Vithya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring rehabilitation from a severe traumatic brain injury, a 16‐year‐old girl became aware that she had lost the ability to laugh out loud. This rare phenomenon previously has been described as “aphonogelia.” A discussion of therapeutic avenues that were explored with this patient is presented in the first case, to our knowledge, of aphonogelia after a traumatic brain injury.Level of EvidenceV
Cytotoxic Effects of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Agent on Human Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wu Tao , Nie Hai , Dietz Allan B. , Salek David R. , Smith Jay , van Wijnen Andre J. , Qu Wenchun 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapy for degenerative spine conditions. However, cell therapy for painful spine degeneration presently requires use of contrast agents during fluoroscopy‐guided injections, and the effects of these agents on MSCs represents a gap in knowledge.ObjectiveTo investigate the biological effects of contrast media (CM) that are coinjected with MSCs.DesignProspective observational study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsPatient‐derived clinical‐grade culture expanded MSCs.InterventionsIohexol (Omnipaque300) was reduced to 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the stock solution and incubated with MSCs for 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 48 hours. We also used complete media and 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% of phosphate‐buffered saline as a control group.Main Outcome MeasuresWe examined cytotoxicity of iohexol at different concentrations and exposure duration, as well as the potential for recovery over time. Cell counts, mitochondrial activity, and quantitative real time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of related genes were analyzed immediately after exposure (day 0) and after 2 days of exposure (day 2).ResultsHuman MSCs exhibit a time‐ and concentration‐dependent cytotoxic response to iodinated CM. A brief, 30‐minute exposure did not affect MSCs function and viability. However, extended treatment with iohexol for 4 hours at 50% or higher concentration had a significant impact on both viability and gene expression in MSCs.ConclusionsIohexol is cytotoxic to MSCs in a time‐and concentration‐dependent manner. Hence, the concentration of CM that accompanies MSC injections should be carefully considered during MSC therapy for disk‐degenerative diseases.Level of EvidenceIII.
What are the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementing and receiving MHPSS programmes delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies? A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Dickson Kelly , Bangpan Mukdarut 
Published: June 2018

Background.Humanitarian emergencies can impact people's psychosocial well-being and mental health. Providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) is an essential component of humanitarian aid responses. However, factors influencing the delivery MHPSS programmes have yet to be synthesised. We undertook a systematic review on the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementing and receiving MHPSS programmes delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.Methods.A comprehensive search of 12 bibliographic databases, 25 websites and citation checking was undertaken. Studies published in English from 1980 onwards were included if they contained evidence on the perspectives of adults or children who had engaged in or programmes providers involved in delivering, MHPSS programmes in humanitarian settings. Thirteen studies were critically appraised and analysed thematically.Results.Community engagement was a key mechanism to support the successful implementation and uptake of MHPSS programmes. Establishing good relationships with parents may also be important when there is a need to communicate the value of children and young people's participation in programmes. Sufficient numbers of trained providers were essential in ensuring a range of MHPSS programmes were delivered as planned but could be challenging in resource-limited settings. Programmes need to be socially and culturally meaningful to ensure they remain appealing. Recipients also valued engagement with peers in group-based programmes and trusting and supportive relationships with providers.Conclusion.The synthesis identified important factors that could improve MHPSS programme reach and appeal. Taking these factors into consideration could support future MHPSS programmes achieve their intended aims.
Effectiveness of interventions to promote help-seeking for mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Huang Fangfang , Kösters Markus , Staiger Tobias , Becker Thomas , Thornicroft Graham , Rüsch Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHelp-seeking is important to access appropriate care and improve mental health. However, individuals often delay or avoid seeking help for mental health problems. Interventions to improve help-seeking have been developed, but their effectiveness is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore conducted to examine the effectiveness of mental health related help-seeking interventions. Nine databases in English, German and Chinese were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Effect sizes were calculated for attitudes, intentions and behaviours to seek formal, informal and self-help. Ninety-eight studies with 69 208 participants were included. Interventions yielded significant short-term benefits in terms of formal help-seeking, self-help, as well as mental health literacy and personal stigma. There were also positive long-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours. The most common intervention types were strategies to increase mental health literacy, destigmatisation (both had positive short-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours) as well as motivational enhancement (with positive long-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours). Interventions improved formal help-seeking behaviours if delivered to people with or at risk of mental health problems, but not among children, adolescents or the general public. There was no evidence that interventions increased the use of informal help. Few studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of help-seeking interventions in terms of improving attitudes, intentions and behaviours to seek formal help for mental health problems among adults. Future research should develop effective interventions to improve informal help-seeking, for specific target groups and in LMICs settings.
Adjustment Outcomes of Native and Immigrant Youth in Spain: A Mediation Model
Authors: López-Rodríguez Lucía , Navas Marisol , Cuadrado Isabel , Tatar Moshe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work proposes a conceptual model of psychological adjustment of native and immigrant adolescents who live in Spain. Psychological adjustment was expected to mediate between perceived family support and adolescents’ school adjustment and problem behaviors. Spanish adolescents (n = 156) and immigrant adolescents (n = 137) filled out a self-report questionnaire regarding their perceived family support, psychological adjustment (i.e., self-esteem and life satisfaction), school adjustment, and problem behaviors. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relational patterns among these variables. The specific model –with psychological adjustment mediating between family support and school adjustment (z = 2.70, β = .21, p = .007 for Spanish adolescents, and z = 2.42, β = .16, p = .015 for immigrant adolescents), and school adjustment mediating between psychological adjustment and problem behaviors (z = –2.51, β = –.14, p = .012 for Spanish adolescents, and z = –2.01, β = –.11, p = .044 for immigrant adolescents) was confirmed for both samples. An implication of this study is the relevance of adolescents’ family support to their well-being, and the mediating role of psychological adjustment between family support and school adjustment.
Ventilation of a Monsoon‐Dominated Ocean: Subduction and Obduction in the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Lingling , Huang Rui Xin , Wang Fan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBased on the characteristics of oceanic circulation in a monsoon‐dominated ocean, a new framework of annual ventilation, including subduction and obduction, is postulated and applied to the North Indian Ocean based on both SODA and GODAS. It is revealed that besides the winter season, ventilation can also occur in summer. Considering the horizontal resolution, SODA results are mainly discussed, with GODAS results given for validity of key conclusions. The annual subduction/obduction rate in the North Indian Ocean based on SODA is estimated at 10.2 Sv/11 Sv averaged from 1960 to 2009, with 4.2 Sv/6.2 Sv occurring during winter monsoon period and 6 Sv/4.8 Sv during summer monsoon period, respectively. Both subduction and obduction feature great interannual variability, with the vertical pumping term of decisive importance. Furthermore, the concepts of the penetration depth through subduction and the origin depth through obduction are postulated. The penetration depth in the Arabian Sea is on the order of 50 to 200 m; the origin depth through obduction in the Arabian Sea is deeper than that in the Bay of Bengal, with the deepest on the order of 200 to 250 m along the western boundary.