bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronized Ratiometric Codelivery of Metformin and Topotecan through Engineered Nanocarrier Facilitates In Vivo Synergistic Precision Levels at Tumor Site
Authors: Banala Venkatesh Teja , Sharma Shweta , Barnwal Puja , Urandur Sandeep , Shukla Ravi P. , Ahmad Naseer , Mittapelly Naresh , Pandey Gitu , Dwivedi Monika , Kalleti Navodayam , Mitra Kalyan , Rath Srikanta Kumar , Trivedi Ritu , Mishra Prabhat Ranjan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe combination of metabolic modulators with chemotherapy holds vast promise for effective inhibition of tumor progression and invasion. Herein, a ratiometric codelivery platform is developed for metformin (MET), a known metabolic modulator and topotecan (TPT), a chemotherapeutic drug, by engineering lipid bilayer–camouflaged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LB‐MSNs). In an attempt to deliver and maintain high tumor site concentrations of MET and TPT, a novel ion pairing–assisted loading procedure is developed using pamoic acid (PA) as an in situ trapping agent. PA, a hydrophobic counterion, increases the hydrophobicity of MET and TPT and facilitates MSNs with exceptionally high payload capacity (>40 and 32 wt%, respectively) and controlled release profile. Further, the synergy between MET and TPT determined by a modeling approach helps to afford synchronized delivery of both the drugs. Coloaded MET and TPT LB‐MSNs present synergistic cytotoxicity against MDA‐MB‐231/4T1 cells and effectively promote apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell cycle arrest. Extended pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical models with fourfold to sevenfold longer circulation half‐life and 7.5–100 times higher tumor site concentrations correspond to a significant increase in pharmacodynamic efficacy. Taken together, the developed codelivery approach effectively addresses the challenges in the chemotherapeutic efficacy of MET and TPT collectively.
Plasmonic Nanogaps: From Fabrications to Optical Applications
Authors: Gu Panpan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Gang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetallic nanostructures with nanogap features are proved to be highly effective building blocks for plasmonic systems, as they can provide ultrastrong electromagnetic (EM) fields and controllable optical properties. A wide range of fields, including surface enhanced spectroscopy, sensing, imaging, nonlinear optics, optical trapping, and metamaterials, are benefited from these enhanced EM fields. This review outlines the latest development of the fabrication methods for nanogap structures (metal nanoparticle assembly, nanosphere lithography, electron beam lithography (EBL), focused ion beam (FIB) lithography, oblique angle shadow evaporation, edge lithography, and so on), followed by a summary of their optical applications. The present review will inspire more ingenious designs and fabrications of plasmonic nanogap structures with lithography‐free fabrication techniques, and promote their applications in optics and electronics.
Directional Droplet Spreading Transport Controlled on Tilt‐Angle Pillar Arrays
Authors: Lin Yucai , Hu Ziying , Gao Chunlei , Guo Zhenyu , Li Chang , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe controllable unidirectional spreading of droplet on tilt‐angle pillar arrays (TPAs) composed of epoxy resin (TDE‐85) and polyethylene glycol is presented. TPAs are fabricated via soft lithography with multimolding steps that coupled with a directional heat‐pressing and temperature controlling process, in which tilt‐angle structures are generated by using temperature‐responsive shape memory polymers and then act as mold. TPAs with different tilt angles (e.g., unidirection and opposite directions) are thereby obtained. It is found that the TPAs propel the droplet directional spreading or droplet contrasting spreading effectively. On the wettability‐optimized TPAs, the droplet can achieve the strong anisotropy with high length/width ratios (i.e., 11/1). Furthermore, unique TPAs with contrasting tilt angles can achieve the two droplets to form the contrasting spreading so as to gather together as a microreactor. It is revealed that such controlled spreading ability of TPAs is attributed to the cooperation of gradient surface energy resulted from the effect of tilt angles and the controllable surface wettability. The findings offer insights into the design of novel fluid‐controlling surfaces, which can be extended to some realms, e.g., microfluidics or microreactors.
Carbotrifluoromethylation of Allylic Alcohols via 1,2‐Aryl Migration Promoted by Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Cai Shunyou , Tian Yu , Zhang Jinwang , Liu Zhiji , Lu Maojian , Weng Wen , Huang Mingqiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVisible‐light‐enabled photocatalytic carbotrifluoro‐methylations of allylic alcohols and sodium triflinate were explored through 1,2‐migration of an aryl group, affording an efficient method for synthesis of β‐trifluoromethyl‐α‐substituted carbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions. This catalyst system is well tolerant of various synthetically useful functional groups.magnified image
Elemental Sulfur‐Promoted Aerobic Cyclization of Ketones and Aliphatic Amines for Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Chen Xiangui , Wang Zhen , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElemental sulfur‐promoted cyclization for the one‐pot synthesis of tetra‐substituted imidazoles from benzylamines and ketones is described. Elemental sulfur combined with molecular oxygen as the benign co‐oxidant was found to be the key for the high efficiency of this transformation under metal‐free conditions. A range of tetrasubstituted imidazoles were synthesized from simple ketones and amines with good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Applications of Plasma in Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
Authors: Liang Hanfeng , Ming Fangwang , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRenewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro hold the promise to meet the huge energy demands of the future at no environmental cost. Harvesting and utilization of these energies require efficient and low cost energy conversion and storage devices, whose performance essentially depends on the properties of the electrode materials. The properties of materials are greatly affected by synthesis methods and can be tuned by chemical modifications. Many approaches have therefore been developed toward this end. Among them, plasma has attracted increasing attention because of its great efficacy in producing and modifying materials under mild conditions. Herein, recent developments in plasma‐assisted synthesis (e.g., plasma conversion, milling, deposition, and exfoliation) and plasma‐assisted modification (e.g., plasma etching, doping, and other surface treatments) of energy conversion and storage materials are highlighted. Challenges and future opportunities in this field are also discussed. This review aims to provide a better understanding of how plasma can be utilized to synthesize and modify a variety of materials including transition metal phosphides, nitrides, chalcogenides, oxides as well as carbon materials, and to promote their additional applications in energy conversion and storage.
A novel patient‐oriented numerical procedure for glaucoma drainage devices
Authors: Mauro Alessandro , Massarotti Nicola , Mohamed Salahudeen , Uña Ignacio Rodríguez , Romano Mario R. , Romano Vito 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present work analyses the performance of four glaucoma drainage devices, by means of a novel patient‐oriented numerical procedure. The procedure is based on the three‐dimensional geometry reconstruction from the stacks of tomographic images of a human eye, at different angles, on meshing and on thermo‐fluid dynamics modelling activities, carried out on the reconstructed computational domain. The current three‐dimensional eye model considers anterior chamber (AC), trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and collector channels, making use of generalised porous medium approach for modelling ocular porous tissue and cavities. The intraocular pressure (IOP) management inside AC of human eye is analysed, by comparing the results obtained for four drainage devices implanted in a human eye for glaucoma treatment, ie, ExPRESS shunt, iStent inject, SOLX gold micro shunt, and the novel silicon shunt device. The numerical results allow predicting the effects of the installation of these implants on human eyes, in terms of IOP decrease, aqueous humour velocity, pressure, friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number, pointing out the clear distinction between pre‐operative and post‐operative eye conditions for different glaucoma surgical techniques.
Aptamer‐Decorated DNAsome for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Golla Murali , Thaddi Sai Praveen , Perumal Devanathan , Atchimnaidu Siriki , Varghese Reji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDrug delivery using a nanocarrier is one promising approach for cancer therapy. However, the design of nanocarriers that allow the targeted delivery of drugs at the desired location upon demand remains a foremost challenge in cancer therapy. Herein, the design of a DNA based vesicle (DNAsome) as a nanocarrier from the self‐assembly of a DNA amphiphile is reported. The salient features of DNAsome include excellent biocompatibility, high drug encapsulation ability and DNA‐based surface addressability. The surface decoration of the DNAsome with highly information‐rich ssDNA is explored for the integration of cancer cell targeting aptamer through sequence specific DNA hybridization. Selective delivery of anticancer drug into a cancerous cell line is demonstrated using the aptamer decorated DNAsome in an efficient manner. Our results unequivocally show the potential of DNAsome for targeted cancer therapy, and hence could be a promising candidate as a nanocarrier for drug delivery applications.
6‐Chloropurine Ribonucleosides from Chloropyrimidines: One‐Pot Synthesis
Authors: Zelli Renaud , Zeinyeh Waël , Décout Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA one‐pot glycosylation and cyclization procedure is described for the synthesis of 6‐chloropurine ribonucleosides from chloropyrimidines. From such a procedure and modification of the obtained chloropurine ribonucleosides, many drug candidates or molecular tools for biological study designed from their similarity to naturally occurring nucleosides could be obtained. The synthesis begins by preparation of several amidinoaminochloropyrimidines as precursors for the one‐pot procedure. Then, by adding trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) to a mixture of a pyrimidine and 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribose, different 6‐chloropurine ribonucleosides are obtained. This methodology allows the straightforward introduction of an alkyl substituent at position 8 of purine ribonucleosides, which then can be functionalized at positions 2 and 6. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A feasibility study of a 2‐week self‐compassionate letter‐writing intervention for nontreatment seeking individuals with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kelly Allison C. , Waring Sydney V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveMost individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) do not seek treatment and shame is a common barrier. This study sought to determine whether a brief intervention designed to foster self‐compassion would reduce shame and increase treatment motivation among nontreatment seeking individuals with AN.MethodForty nontreatment seeking females with AN (75%) and atypical AN were randomly assigned to 2 weeks of a daily self‐compassionate letter‐writing intervention or a waitlist control condition. All participants completed pre, mid, and post questionnaires, and were weighed pre and post.ResultsThe intervention yielded respectable credibility ratings and compliance and retained 95% of participants. Compared to the control condition, it produced greater increases in self‐compassion and greater decreases in shame and fears of self‐compassion. BMI and readiness to get help for one's eating decreased in the control condition but did not change significantly in the intervention condition, though the motivation for treatment showed a trend toward increasing. Changes in eating pathology and readiness to get help for one's weight did not differ between conditions.DiscussionSelf‐compassionate letter‐writing may be an acceptable and feasible intervention for nontreatment seeking individuals with AN and might reduce certain barriers to help‐seeking while improving psychological functioning.
Photodegradation accelerates ecosystem N cycling in a simulated California grassland
Authors: Asao Shinichi , Parton William J. , Chen Maosi , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotodegradation accelerates litter decay in arid grasslands where plant growth and litter decay are strongly controlled by precipitation and evapotranspiration. However, the effects of photodegradation on ecosystem C and N dynamics are not well understood. We examined the effects using an ecosystem biogeochemical model DayCent‐UV with photodegradation explicitly represented and validated. The model was parameterized for a California grassland where photodegradation was documented to release CO2 from litter. The model was parameterized with an inverse modeling approach using an extensive data set of six years of daily observed carbon and water gas exchange (gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and evapotranspiration), soil temperature, and soil moisture. DayCent‐UV correctly simulated the seasonal patterns of the observed gas exchange and closely simulated the inter‐annual variation in the gas exchange and biomass production rates. The simulations suggested that the inter‐annual variation is driven more by actual evapotranspiration than by precipitation because a large portion of precipitation is lost as runoff during wet years. Photodegradation in DayCent‐UV accelerated C and N cycling, decreasing system C and N by 9.2% and 9.5% and C and N residence times by 9.4% and 18.2%. Accelerated N cycling made a greater fraction of system N available for plants, increasing net N mineralization and plant production for a given amount of system N. Increased net N mineralization was due to decreased immobilization by microbes in the aboveground organic matter. Photodegradation did not alter the control on plant production by evapotranspiration. These results suggest that at the ecosystem level, the central effect of photodegradation is to suppress microbial activity. We conclude that photodegradation accelerates N cycling at the expense of microbes in this grassland, making it more efficient in supporting plant growth for a given amount of N in the system.
Single and interactive effects of Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and imidacloprid on honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)
Authors: van Dooremalen Coby , Cornelissen Bram , Poleij‐Hok‐Ahin Chula , Blacquière Tjeerd 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh losses of honey bee colonies in recent decades are of great societal and economical concern and experienced as a sign of the vulnerability of the environment, including the service of crop pollination, and of the beekeeping sector. There is no single cause for the colony losses, but many contributing stressors may act in concert. Varroa destructor infestation is acknowledged as an important cause of these losses. The roles of infestation by Nosema ceranae or exposure to insecticides are controversial. Interactions between exposure to pesticides and V. destructor or Nosema spp. have previously been implicated. In two years of field experiments, we studied the effects of and possible interactions between the stressors V. destructor infestation, Nosema spp. infestation, and chronic sublethal exposure to a field‐realistic dose of the insecticide imidacloprid on the performance and survival of honey bee colonies. Colonies highly infested by V. destructor were 13% smaller in size and were 59.1 times more likely to die than colonies infested with low levels of V. destructor. Infestation with high levels of Nosema sp. led to 2% decrease in size and 1.4 times higher likelihood to die compared to colonies with low levels of Nosema sp. No effects of chronic sublethal exposure to imidacloprid on colony size or survival were found in this study. Exposure to V. destructor and imidacloprid led to a slightly higher fraction of bees infested with Nosema sp., but in contrast to the expectations, no resulting interactions were found for colony size or survival. Colonies as a superorganism may well be able to compensate at the colony level for sublethal negative effects of stressors on their individuals. In our experimental study under field‐realistic exposure to stressors, V. destructor was by far the most lethal one for honey bee colonies.
Using conservation behavior to manage ecological traps for a threatened freshwater fish
Authors: Hale Robin , Coleman Rhys , Sievers Michael , Brown Timothy R. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUrban stormwater treatment wetlands are constructed to treat stormwater runoff before it enters waterways, but are often inhabited by animals that can suffer impairments. Such effects will be exacerbated if animals mistakenly prefer sites where their fitness is reduced, and are caught in ecological traps. Traps can compromise the persistence of threatened species in urban landscapes, so assessing how animals respond to stormwater wetlands, and whether their fitness varies between stormwater and natural wetlands, can guide management efforts. We examined the habitat selection behavior of dwarf galaxias (Galaxiella pusilla), a threatened freshwater fish inhabiting wetlands and streams around Melbourne, Australia. We tested whether fish respond to cues that could indicate habitat quality, and whether they can differentiate between water from stormwater and non‐stormwater wetlands. We also tested whether fitness (e.g., survival, development) was lower at stormwater wetlands. Fish responded weakly to cues and did not avoid stormwater wetlands. Survival was lower at stormwater wetlands, and fish suffered delayed ovarian maturation, potentially due to a lack of food. Thus, stormwater wetlands can be equal‐preference ecological traps for G. pusilla, a key finding with direct implications for conservation. For highly dispersive species that are not selective about habitats, managing ecological traps requires a whole‐of‐landscape approach, with consideration given to where wetlands are constructed. Given the investment required to remediate existing ecological traps, this approach can also identify priority wetlands for intervention. We discuss our results in the context of how insights from animal behavior can inform threatened species conservation in fragmented urban landscapes.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus with one‐step or two‐step approaches and associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Hosseini Elham , Janghorbani Mohsen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is an ongoing discussion about the optimal diagnostic strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of the association between GDM diagnosed with the one‐step (International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria) or two‐step (Carpenter and Coustan criteria) approach and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes.Search strategyFive electronic databases were searched up to October 2017 using Medical Subject Headings for each adverse outcome combined with the term “gestational diabetes.”Selection criteriaObservational studies assessing the one‐step versus the two‐step diagnostic approach in GDM.Data collection and analysisRelative risks were extracted and random‐effects models were used to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs).Main resultsA total of 41 663 participants from nine studies were included. Gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia (RR 1.68 vs RR 1.77), cesarean delivery (RR 1.28 vs RR 1.33), and large for gestational age (RR 1.44 vs RR 1.68) when diagnosed with the one‐step versus the two‐step approach. A one‐step diagnosis also increased the risks of neonatal intensive care unit admission and gestational hypertension, whereas a two‐step diagnosis increased the incidence of macrosomia.ConclusionsWomen with GDM diagnosed with either the one‐step or the two‐step approach were at increased risk for selected adverse pregnancy outcomes. The associations with the two‐step method were slightly stronger.
Design, Synthesis and SAR Study of Novel Spiro [Pyrimido[5,4‐b]Quinoline‐10,5′‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]Pyrimidine] Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Chate Asha V. , Kamdi Sagar P. , Bhagat Amruta N. , Jadhav Chetan K. , Nipte Amol , Sarkate Aniket P. , Tiwari Shailee V. , Gill Charansingh H. 
Published: August 2018

Novel spiro [pyrimido[5,4‐b]quinoline‐10,5′‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine] derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral analysis. The anticancer activities of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro against four human cancer cell lines including A431, PC‐3, MCF‐7, and MCF‐10A by MTT assay. The screening results showed that three compounds (4m, 4q, and 4s) exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with IC50 values between 7.82 and 9.88 μM against human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7). Further in vitro studies revealed that inhibition of Sunitinib could be the possible mechanism of action of these molecules.
Long‐term studies and reproducibility: Lessons from whole‐lake experiments
Authors: Pace M. L. , Carpenter S. R. , Wilkinson G. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn important tenet of science is establishing the reproducibility of findings. While long‐term studies may seem ill‐suited to this goal, here we provide an example of reproducible results from repeated nutrient additions to a lake. We added nitrogen and phosphorus to Peter Lake in 9 yr of a 33‐yr study. For seven of these nine additions, phytoplankton biomass, as measured by seasonal mean chlorophyll a, increased in proportion to the rate of nutrient loading. Additionally, for these seven additions, similar nutrient loading rates resulted in mean Chl a concentrations within a roughly twofold range—an outcome within expectation given uncontrolled sources of variation in a whole‐lake manipulation. However, for two of the nine nutrient additions, Chl a concentrations were well below expected concentrations. The low chlorophyll responses co‐occurred with years having the highest water color (absorbance of light at 440 nm). The number of years of nutrient additions was too limited to strongly test the influence of color at the scale of seasonal mean values. We, therefore, tested for the effect of phosphorus load and color, on Chl a using time series models of weekly data. At the weekly scale, there was a strong negative effect of color on chlorophyll concentration. Overall, the repeated nutrient additions provided a confirmation of existing models at the whole‐lake scale and demonstrated an interesting exception to these models. Including repeated manipulations as part of long‐term studies is an important way to test generalizations and to identify unexpected outcomes that raise new questions.