bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de los métodos de hidrólisis ácida, hidrólisis básica y extracción mecánica para la obtención de azúcares fermentables a partir de biomasa microalgal
Authors: Rubio Diego , Rincon Aya Nury Stefany , Torres Espitia Milena Johana 
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo evalúa tres métodos para la obtención de azúcares reductores (hidrólisis acida, hidrólisis básica y ultrasonicación) a partir de biomasa de Chlorella Vulgaris.
Se realiza el respectivo cultivo de la microalga con medio de cultivo Foliagro 0,2 %V/V con pH 6, con una agitación de 4L/min, intensidad lumínica de 8 watts, fotoperiodo de 12 horas luz y 12 horas oscuridad, temperatura entre 23 °C±3°C.
Entre los métodos químicos y el mecánico probados los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la hidrólisis acida, con concentración 2N de H2SO4 utilizando 0,5 gr de biomasa liofilizada a condiciones de temperatura de 120°C, presión 1.2 bar, tiempo de exposición al ácido 30 min, y neutralización con NaOH.
Las mejores condiciones encontradas en la ultrasonicación son a una amplitud del 45% con tiempos efectivos de 5 min y 11 minutos. En la hidrólisis básica utilizando diferentes concentraciones de NaOH con condiciones de temperatura de 120°C, presión 1.2 bar y tiempo de exposición a la base de 30 min, no se encuentran azúcares reductores. La cuantificación de los azúcares se realiza por el método del DNS a una longitud de onda de 540 nm.
Estabilización de temperatura en un digestor anaerobio tipo UASB alimentado con residuos bovinos y lodos
Authors: Lache Muñoz Andrea , Páez Adriana , Bernal Vélez Daniela , Quintero Garzón Daniela 
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación evaluó la estabilización de la temperatura en la digestión anaerobia del residuo bovino. El objetivo fue desarrollar una estrategia con base en la temperatura para agilizar la producción de biogás y/o aumentar su calidad en cuanto al porcentaje de metano. Las pruebas experimentales se realizaron en las condiciones climáticas de la Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia). Inicialmente, se establecieron las condiciones de operación del proceso de digestión anaerobio para determinar el parámetro que afecta directamente la producción de biogás. Se construyó un digestor convencional y un digestor nuevo prototipo, al que se le realizó una mejora (el modelo de reactor seleccionado fue el UASB). Esta mejora se determinó a partir del estudio de los parámetros que afectan la digestión anaerobia, donde la temperatura fue el parámetro de mayor incidencia en el proceso y que puede ser controlado externamente. Los resultados permitieron confirmar una mejora en el desempeño del digestor con el sistema de estabilización de temperatura con respecto al digestor convencional. Se comprobó también que la calidad del biogás fue mayor para el digestor nuevo prototipo. Por lo tanto, se valida la favorabilidad del efecto del control de la temperatura en el rendimiento del proceso de digestión anaerobia para la producción de biogás.
Producción de bioetanol a partir de diferentes mezclas de los residuos orgánicos generados en una empresa alimentos
Authors: Malagón Micán Martha Lucía , Paéz Adriana Inés , Santos Aguilar Judith , Zabala García Diego 
Published: May 2018

Este estudio evalúa la producción de bioetanol a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos generados en una industria de producción de pulpa de fruta, describe la selección y caracterización de los residuos y analiza el rendimiento de bioetanol. Inicialmente, la investigación determinó la disponibilidad que en 2015 tuvieron los residuos (cáscaras y semillas) de las frutas seleccionadas, lo que permitió establecer que los residuos de mora, limón, maracuyá, lulo y mango son los más convenientes. La similitud en el porcentaje de celulosa de los residuos permitió realizar las siguientes mezclas: limón-lulo, maracuyá-lulo, maracuyá-limón y mora-mango. Posteriormente, a los residuos se les realizó un pretratamiento con hidróxido de sodio y una hidrólisis empleando la enzima Multifect B; se determinó la cantidad de azúcares reductores mediante el método DNS; se empleó una cepa etanólica para el proceso de fermentación; se realizó una destilación simple, y se determinó el bioetanol por el método de dicromato de potasio. Se estableció que la mezcla de residuos de lulo- limón fue la de mayor concentración de azúcares reductores, con 2.08 g glucosa/L mezcla y un rendimiento de 9.22 g bioetanol/kg de residuos. El rendimiento producto/sustrato fue de 0.87 g bioetanol/g glucosa en promedio, lo que mostró que la producción de bioetanol de segunda generación, a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos a nivel de laboratorio, es satisfactoria (comparada con otros estudios) y que podría escalarse para valorizar los residuos y disminuir el impacto ambiental que estos generan.
Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Pepaya (Carica Papaya L. ) Genotipe IPB 3, IPB 4, dan IPB 9
Authors: Imanda Nandya , Suketi Ketty 
Published: May 2018

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari tipe-tipe media tumbuh pada semaian benih dan perkecambahan genotipe-genotipe benih pepaya IPB 3, IPB 4 dan IPB 9 serta mengetahui media pertumbuhan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan semaian pepaya yang baik dan memiliki bobot yang ringan dalam memudahkan pengangkutan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga September 2011 di rumah kaca FATETA IPB, Leuwikopo Bogor dan kebun percobaan PKBT IPB, Tajur Bogor. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan menggunakan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah lima macam media pertumbuhan dengan rasio 2:1:1, yaitu M1 = tanah : pasir : pupuk kandang, M2 = tanah : pasir : arang sekam padi, M3 : tanah : pasir : cocopeat, M4 = tanah : pupuk kandung : cocopeat dan M5 = tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam. Penelitian terdiri dari 15 kombinasi dengan 3 ulangan sehingga ada 45 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkecambahan pepaya yang tertinggi pada media dengan campuran tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) sebesar 70% dan genotipe IPB 3 (G1) sebesar 70.91%. Media dengan komposisi tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) dengan rasio 2:1:1 merupakan media terbaik untuk persemaian pepaya yang berumur 6 MST dan memiliki bobot semaian per polibag yang teringan dibandingkan dengan media tanam lainnya untuk memudahkan transportasi bibit.</em></p>
Peranan Pupuk Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Belum Menghasilkan Umur Tiga Tahun
Authors: Albari Jabal , Supijatno . , Sudradjat . 
Published: May 2018

<p><em>Pada saat ini lahan semakin terbatas untuk ekstensifikasi dalam perluasan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit, oleh karena itu perlu adanya peningkatkan produktivitas melalui peningkatkan efektivitas dan efesiensi penggunaan pupuk. </em><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari respon pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi terhadap pupuk N dan P, serta menentukan dosis optimal pupuk N dan P pada kelapa sawit umur tiga tahun.</em><em> </em><em>Penelitian dilaksanakan di blok I, Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Jonggol IPB-Cargill, Kecamatan Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor</em><em>. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua percobaan terpisah yaitu peran pupuk nitrogen dan peran pupuk fosfor . Rancangan percobaan </em><em>menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu dosis pemupukan.</em><em> Pupuk nitrogen meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, panjang pelepah, lingkar batang, dan luas daun secara quadratik. Dosis optimum pupuk N pada tanaman kelapa sawit umur tiga tahun adalah </em><em>572</em><em> g N tanaman<sup>-1 </sup>semester<sup>-1</sup>. Pupuk fosfor meningkatkan panjang pelepah, lingkar batang, dan kadar unsur hara P pada daun ke-17 secara quadratik. Dosis optimum pupuk P pada tanaman kelapa sawit umur tiga tahun adalah </em><em>464 </em><em>g P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> tanaman<sup>-1</sup> se</em><em>mester<sup>-1</sup>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Development of Glasgow Coma and Outcome Scales
Authors: Jennett Bryan 
Published: May 2018

These scales were developed primarily to facilitate the assessment and recording of initial severity of brain dysfunction and of ultimate outcome in a multicenter study of outcome after severe brain damage. The aim was to use simple terms that could be readily understood by a wide range of observers, including doctors, nurses and others. Repeated observations of the coma scale displayed on a bedside chart give it a second use - the monitoring of improvement or deterioration in conscious level as an indication of recovery or of complications. Early sedation and ventilation can make assessment difficult but the motor score alone is still a good guide to severity. Giving numbers to the level of response in the three components of the coma scale (eye opening, motor and verbal responses) facilitates communication between different staff, including those consulted by telephone. Adding up these scores to give an overall coma score (from 3 to 15) results in some loss of information but is useful for triage and for epidemiological studies. Even among mild injuries (coma score 13-15) the score discriminates between those more or less likely to develop complications. The outcome scale describes overall social function rather than neurological deficits, and is useful in monitoring recovery. The outcomes so described at six months after injury correlate well with the early coma scale scores, which are therefore useful predictors of likely outcome. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Number 1, 2005, Page: 24-28
Down’s Syndrome and Craniovertebral Instability: Topic Review and Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Brockmeyer Douglas 
Published: May 2018

Down’s syndrome, is the most common inherited chromosomal disorder in humans occurring in 1.5 in every 1,000 live births and is characterized by multiple neurological as well as nonneurological abnormalities. The issue of craniovertebral instability in Down’s syndrome patients is a very controversial topic. Multiple studies and editorials have been written over the last two decades and much of the information is conflicting and confusing. The goal of this review is to provide a rational synthesis of this previous work and provide recommendations by which parents of Down’s syndrome patients, pediatricians, family practitioners and other health professionals may make intelligent choices regarding screening of Down’s syndrome patients. It is a second goal of this review to synthesize the surgical data on this topic and provide recommendations for anesthesiologists, otolaryngologists, orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Number 1, 2005, Page: 52-58
Dr. Thomas Willis and his ‘Circle’ in the Brain
Authors: Rana PVS 
Published: May 2018

With the advances in microneurosurgery and the ability to tackle diseases of the intracranial arteries at the base of the brain (often referred to as the Circle of Willis) surgically more effectively, accurate knowledge of the intracranial vascular anatomy is increasingly important. Although Dr. Thomas Willis is best remembered for the accurate description of arterial anastomosis at the baseof the brain, his contribution to neuroanatomy, physiology and medical science in general is vast, and several diseases bear his name. In this article an attempt has been made to review the life of Dr. Willis followed by a short description of the “Circle of Willis.” Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Number 1, 2005, Page: 77-79
Antiepileptics and Cancer Risks
Authors: Thapalia Ravi 
Published: May 2018

Happy New Year 2005! Our apology for not being punctual continues, but our promise to be on time in the future remains true. It feels so great to be both growing and developing; nowfrom this issue, we are no more an infant. We’re growing into a toddler. Please help us to take further steps!Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Number 1, 2005, Page 90-91
Enhancing Knowledge through Archaeology and Epigraphy: Research and Development
Authors: MANSURNOOR IIK ARIFIN 
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to locate the research potential and necessity of monuments within the study of archaeology and epigraphy. Leading to that it is important first to give the backgrounds and development of the two disciplines in this country. Thus, some brief presentations of the more recent works will hopefully serve the purpose. From here, the paper will focus on the current findings of the research on Islamic monuments. Unlike archaeological works, monuments will be more democratic as they include diverse builders, beyond the formal and the powerful.Atcheology
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF INDONESIAN, SUFI AND UNITED KINGDOM MUSLIM ENVIRONMENTALISTS
Authors: Irawan Bambang 
Published: May 2018

The challenge posed by the world’s current environmental crisis has elicited a response from mainstream world religions in the form of efforts to construct an environmental ethics, based on religious and spiritual values. Suggestions for protecting and conserving the environment are a very ancient and fundamental aspect of religious teaching. The author will explore the perspectives of a number of environmental thinkers, including Fachruddin Mangunjaya of Indonesia, Hossein Nasr as a representative of Sufism, and Fazlun Khalid of the United Kingdom. The paper draws on structured and unstructured interviews with these thinkers and on exploration of their published works on nature conservation. From these sources the author has realized the urgency for religious communities to engage in sustaining the planet. The author has also identified the means to utilize and empower religious doctrines for environmental conservation. From these three sources we can learn strategies for elaborating productive Islamic values of environmental conservation and promoting a greater need of engagement and collaboration among them in initiating practical conservation projects.
Why did Aceh lose its Nineteenth Century Independence? Comparisons with Siam and other states
Authors: Reid Anthony John S. 
Published: May 2018

By the middle of the 19th century fully independent states in Southeast Asia were few, and all felt threatened by the advance of competitive European imperialisms. By 1900 only Siam (Thailand) had retained its full formal independence, though arguably by yielding key levers of control to the British. Siam’s success is often compared with the failure of Burma and Viet Nam, conquered by Britain and France respectively in the late 19th century. Archipelago states have seldom entered this comparison, although Aceh had unique advantages in the ability to play off British and Dutch. The argument here is that the Aceh leadership did have vital agency, and made some crucial choices that could be considered mistakes from a Siam perspective. Dutch and British choices and mistakes have been better studied, but Acehnese ones also deserve to be.
Netzwerkarchitekturkomponenten auf Werkstattebene
Authors: Brecher Christian , Epple Alexander , Knape Simon , Schmidt Simo 
Published: May 2018

Kurzfassung
Für produzierende Unternehmen eröffnen sich durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0-Initiative neue Möglichkeiten und Chancen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des am Werkzeugmaschinenlabor (WZL) der RWTH Aachen entwickelten IoP-Demonstrators die notwendigen Hard- und Software-Komponenten zur erfolgreichen Einführung einer geeigneten Netzwerkarchitektur für die Digitalisierung der Werkstattebene bei produzierenden Unternehmen.
Dreidimensionale Fabrikplanung durch Drohneneinsatz
Authors: Melcher Dominik , Küster Benjamin , Stonis Malte , Overmeyer Ludger 
Published: May 2018

Kurzfassung
Strukturierte Fabrikplanung stellt einen Schlüssel zur Erhaltung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in Hinblick auf den ständig steigenden Druck durch Globalisierung und die hohe Marktdynamik dar. Die Durchführung von Fabrikplanungsprojekten wird jedoch von Unternehmen gescheut, da diese Projekte mit hohem Aufwand verbunden sind. Aus diesem Grund sollen die Prozesse der Fabriklayoutaufnahme und -auswertung durch neue Techniken ergänzt, teilautomatisiert und damit effizienter gestaltet werden.
Prozessbegleitende Optimierung in der Produktionssteuerung
Authors: Stalinski David , Scholz Dieter 
Published: May 2018

KurzfassungDie Entwicklung einer automatisierten Produktionssteuerung in der Holzveredelung soll logistische Potenziale nutzen und Wettbewerbsvorteile sowie die Standortsicherheit erhöhen. Dies erfordert die rechnergestützte Lösung von komplexen Optimierungsaufgaben in stark begrenzter Rechenzeit. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz für die prozessbegleitende Optimierung innerhalb der Produktionssteuerung vor, wobei die Praxistauglichkeit der Optimierungsergebnisse im Vordergrund steht.
Predictive Maintenance als Wegbereiter für die instandhaltungsgerechte Produktionssteuerung
Authors: Zhai Simon , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: May 2018

Kurzfassung
Obwohl die Maschinenverfügbarkeit zentrale Voraussetzung für einen effizienten Produktionsablauf ist, wird die Ablaufplanung der Produktion in der Praxis oftmals ungeachtet des Maschinenzustands durchgeführt. Predictive Maintenance ermöglicht die Prognose von Maschinenausfällen und schafft so die Voraussetzung für eine engere Verzahnung von Ablauf- und Instandhaltungsplanung. Indem Maschinenzustandsdaten produktspezifisch ausgewertet werden, kann die Abnutzung einzelner Maschinen gezielt gesteuert werden. Dies ermöglicht neue Instandhaltungsstrategien. Die instandhaltungsgerechte Produktionssteuerung verspricht so eine signifikante Steigerung der Maschinenverfügbarkeit.
Maschinendiagnose mit energieautarken Funksensoren
Authors: Wolf Maik , Rudolph Mathias , Hund Silvio , Blum Andreas , al Diban Raphael 
Published: May 2018

Kurzfassung
Die Maschinendiagnose ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Abschätzung der Lebensdauer von instandhaltungsbedürftigen Bauteilen. Zukünftig werden diese Aufgaben zunehmend automatisiert und großflächig bewältigt. Auf dieser Basis wird ein Konzeptentwurf mit energieautarken Funksensoren und dessen Umsetzung am Versuchsstand vorgestellt. Anhand typischer Zustandsszenarien wird aufgezeigt, wie eine entsprechende Zustandserkennung in Echtzeit erfolgt und welche Methoden zur Messdatenauswertung verwendet wurden.
TELEVISI DAN MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN (Survei Kebiasaan Menonton TV Masyarakat Kelurahan Tammamaung Kecamatan Panakkukang Kota Makassar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan)
Authors: Pala Rukman 
Published: May 2018

Berdasarkan data empirik terkait fenomena kebiasaan menonton tv, kiranya semuanya itu mengindikasikan adanya variansi dalam aktivitas audience menggunakanmedia tv. Variansi mana tentunya ini mencerminkan upaya responden dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya melalui penggunaan media. Gambaran yang tercermin melalui data empirik ini secara teoritis membuktikan relevansinya dengan asumsi yang dibangun oleh teori uses and gratification, bahwa dalam penggunaan media anggota khalayak itu memang mengarahkan dirinya sendiri pada proses komunikasi (Levy dan Windahl.1985). Terkait dengan fenomena menyangkut Hubungan karakteristik dengan Kebiasaan Menonton TV, di mana secara statistik tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan, maka secara metodologis itu dimungkinkan terjadi oleh karena faktor-faktor tertentu. Diantaranya adalah seperti faktor variabel anteseden, variabel intervening, atau variabel extranous yang tak terjangkau oleh dalam riset ini.
The Legal Policy of Corporation Legal Standing as Rechtpersoon at Indonesian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Maryano . , Yuhelson . 
Published: May 2018

<p>Feature of corporation as activities-oriented for profit can lead to potential violations law or corporate crime. The criminal action corporations can arised because the impact of corporate activities arising from business contracts, product quality problems, failure of information technology systems and negligence of the administrative requirements for business licensing compliance. In other words, the legal entity of crime was often referred as corporate crime as violations committed by businesses to profit more quickly and maintains the company's reputation. The study concluded, first, the political dimension of the criminal law on corporation has general nature, that political criminal law founded in Criminal Code Bill which are oriented to the development of law by placing the corporation as a criminal, and need a codification law of Corporation. Second, The political criminal law also has special nature, which is found in 16 laws examined, in the contexts of criminal responsibility concepts and application of pattern of criminalas well as models of criminal sanctions can be imposed on perpetrators of criminal acts of the corporation.</p><p>Keywords: Corporate crime of law politics, legal standing, subject crime of law. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </p>
HPTLC method for quantitative determination of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Ishwarya Mohan , Narendhirakannan Ramasamy Thangavelu 
Published: May 2018

The study was aimed to validate and optimize high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of phenolic compound hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from the fruits of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). The presence of caffeic acid and coumaric acid in the aqueous extracts of S. lycopersicum was observed in spectrophotometer at 200-400 nm. The phenolic functional group was recorded by FTIR analysis. In the HPTLC analysis, the pre-coated silica gel was used as the stationary phase. The solvent mixture containing toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol (3:6:1.6:0.4) was identified as an optimum ratio were used as a mobile phase. The chromatograms of the extract was scanned by densitometer at 327 nm. The Rf values (0.67 and 0.69) and finger print data were recorded by WIN CATS software. The developed HPTLC methods for bioactive marker compounds present in the fruit were found to be simple, accurate, and economical.
Hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and molecular docking studies of 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy) methyl]-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-thiol
Authors: Shehzadi Naureen , Hussain Khalid , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan , Islam Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Tanveer , Salman Muhammad , Siddiqui Sabahat Zahra , Rehman Aziz Ur , Abbasi Muhammad Athar 
Published: May 2018

The present study aimed at the evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and hepatoprotective potential of a new drug candidate, 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy) methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (OXCPM) through in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. The compound displayed excellent dose-dependent ɑ-amylase (28.0-92.0%), ɑ-glucosidase (40.3-93.1%) and hemoglobin glycosylation (9.0%-54.9%) inhibitory effects and promoted the uptake of glucose by the yeast cells (0.2 to 26.3%). The treatment of the isoniazid- and rifampicin- (p.o., 50 mg/kg of each) intoxicated rats with OXCPM (100 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in restoring the normal serum levels of the non-enzymatic (total bilirubin, total protein and albumin) and bringing about a remarkable decrease in the levels of enzymatic (alanine transaminases, aspartate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase) biomarkers. The molecular docking studies indicated high binding affinity of the compound for hyperglycemia-related protein targets; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, beta2-adrenergic receptors and glucokinase. The results indicate that OXCPM may not only reduce hyperglycemia by enzyme inhibition but also the disease complications through protection of hemoglobin glycosylation and hepatic injury.
Video Clip of Methodology:
Glucose uptake by yeast cells: 4 min 51 sec Click to watch