bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O aprender e o ensinar a partir da obra Que é uma coisa?, de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Gama Adma Emanuelle , Lima Walter Matias 
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho, decorrente de uma pesquisa bibliográfica através do método de análise do conteúdo, visa pensar acerca do aprender e do ensinar a partir do princípio matemático, tá mathemata, retomado por Heidegger. Nossa proposta traz como texto base a obra de Heidegger, O que é uma coisa? (1935 - 1936). A obra é organizada em duas partes: uma parte preparatória e uma parte principal dividida em dois capítulos. Nosso texto retomará a parte preparatória na qual, Heidegger, através da questão Que é uma coisa?, visa compreender se há um saber que determina os fundamentos e limites da ciência ou se é a ciência o padrão de medida do saber, e também o primeiro capítulo da parte principal, no intuito de abordarmos a discussão acerca do princípio matemático que provém etimologicamente do grego tá mathemata, o que se pode aprender – Manthanoein – e ao mesmo tempo, consequentemente o que se pode ensinar – Mathesis – que significa lição e traz um duplo sentido: ir a uma lição e aprender e aquilo que é ensinado. Matemático é compreendido como um pré-requisito para que se aprenda e ensine acerca de qualquer coisa. Assim, nossa proposta é considerar no princípio grego tá mathemata, como assumido por Heidegger, um ensinar que ressalta a exigência de despertar no estudante o sentido de um autêntico aprendizado ao invés de uma simples transferência de um determinado assunto.
Isolation and molecular characterization of the indigenous Staphylococcus aureus strain K1 with the ability to reduce hexavalent chromium for its application in bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Zahoor Muhammad Asif , Hussain Irshad 
Published: October 2019

Background
Urbanization and industrialization are the main anthropogenic activities that are adding toxic heavy metals to the environment. Among these, chromium (in hexavalent: Cr+6 and/or trivalent Cr+3) is being released abundantly in wastewater due to its uses in different industrial processes. It becomes highly mutagenic and carcinogenic once it enters the cell through sulfate uptake pathways after interacting with cellular proteins and nucleic acids. However, Cr+6 can be bio-converted into more stable, less toxic and insoluble trivalent chromium using microbes. Hence in this study, we have made efforts to utilize chromium tolerant bacteria for bio-reduction of Cr+6 to Cr+3.

Methods
Bacterial isolate, K1, from metal contaminated industrial effluent from Kala Shah Kaku-Lahore Pakistan, which tolerated up to 22 mM of Cr6+ was evaluated for chromate reduction. It was further characterized biochemically and molecularly by VITEK®2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing respectively. Other factors affecting the reduction of chromium such as initial chromate ion concentration, pH, temperature, contact-time were also investigated. The role of cellular surface in sorption of Cr6+ ion was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy.

Results
Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that strain K1 was Staphylococcusaureus that could reduce 99% of Cr6+ in 24 hours at 35 °C (pH = 8.0; initial Cr6+ concentration = 100 mg/L). FTIR results assumed that carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups of cell wall were involved in complexation with chromium. Our results suggested that Staphylococcusaureus K1 could be a promising gram-positive bacterium that might be utilized to remove chromium from metal polluted environments.
Slowed vertical saccades as a hallmark of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7
Authors: Milenkovic Ivan , Klotz Sigrid , Zulehner Gudrun , Sycha Thomas , Wiest Gerald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnecdotal oculomotor disturbances have been described in spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7). We investigated oculomotor and vestibular dysfunction in five patients with genetically verified SPG7. All five patients exhibited significantly slower velocities of vertical saccades compared to controls, but significantly faster than in progressive supranuclear palsy, with upward saccades being particularly affected. Horizontal saccades, cerebellar oculomotor markers, and vestibuloocular reflex seem to be variably affected. Thus, albeit subclinical in some cases, slowing of the vertical saccades may belong to the phenotype of SPG7 and may serve as a valuable biomarker for differentiation from spastic ataxias and atypical parkinsonism.
Recent Advances in Emerging 2D Material‐Based Gas Sensors: Potential in Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Khan Karim , Zou Jifei , Zhang Han , Li Yingchun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract2D materials are gaining great attention owing to their superior electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. In recent decades, 2D materials have demonstrated significant potential for the identification of disease‐related biomarkers based on semiconductor gas sensors. Herein, the recent progress of semiconductor gas sensors fabricated by 2D materials covering graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, metal‐organic frameworks, metal oxide nanosheets, etc. is clearly described. First, the basic attributes of 2D materials are described, and their gas‐sensing mechanisms are also summarized. Second, the ability of 2D material‐based sensors in the detection of disease‐related gas molecules is also highlighted. Finally, some effective methods for enhancing the gas‐sensing performance of 2D materials are discussed, and the opportunities and challenges accompanying are also presented. This work could provide new avenues for material synthesis, sensor development, medical diagnosis, and the related fields.
Negative CT Contrast Agents for the Diagnosis of Malignant Osteosarcoma
Authors: Meng Xianfu , Zhang Hua , Zhang Meng , Wang Baoming , Liu Yanyan , Wang Yan , Fang Xiangming , Zhang Jiawen , Yao Zhenwei , Bu Wenbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current positive computed tomography (CT) contrast agents (PCTCAs) including clinical iodides, present high CT density value (CT‐DV). However, they are incapable for the accurate diagnosis of some diseases with high CT‐DV, such as osteosarcoma. Because bones and PCTCAs around osteosarcoma generate similar X‐ray attenuations. Here, an innovative strategy of negative CT contrast agents (NCTCAs) to reduce the CT‐DV of osteosarcoma is proposed, contributing to accurate detection of osteosarcoma. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles, loading ammonia borane molecules and further modified by polyethylene glycol, are synthesized as NCTCAs for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The nanocomposites can produce H2 in situ at osteosarcoma areas by responding to the acidic microenvironment of osteosarcoma, resulting in nearly 20 times reduction of CT density in osteosarcoma. This helps form large CT density contrast between bones and osteosarcoma, and successfully achieves accurate diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Meanwhile, The NCTCAs strategy greatly expands the scope of CT application, and provides profound implications for the precise clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases.
Ultrasensitive Multifunctional Magnetoresistive Strain Sensor Based on Hair‐Like Magnetization‐Induced Pillar Forests
Authors: Ding Li , Pei Lei , Xuan Shouhu , Fan Xiwen , Cao Xufeng , Wang Yu , Gong Xinglong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn ultrasensitive multifunctional sensor which integrates tactile sensing and magnetism sensing together in one device is presented. The sensor, dubbed L‐MPF, consists of two interlocking hair‐like magnetization‐induced pillar forests, which are self‐formed under a magnetic field and a loading pressure. An L‐MPF endows intelligent electronics with magnetic field reception, which is the sense of bacteria, birds, and whales, rather than human beings. It is found that the L‐MPF precisely detects the magnitude and the loading path of the dynamic load, including pressure, shear, and magnetic field, with fast response, high reversibility, excellent sensitivity, and high stability. The sensitivity coefficient can reach 1965, 1.6, and 240% T−1 under 50–60% compressive strain, 0–3.4° shear strain, and 21–170 mT magnetic field. Additionally, the strain sensitivity coefficient can be set by the external magnetic field, which affords a potential approach to realize different sensing requirements in various circumstances. For a detailed insight into the sensing element's behavior, the magnetic–mechanic–electric coupling response is also described by simplified model simulation and theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a 4 × 4 L‐MPF array exhibits contactless gesture sensing, which provides a new way for next‐generation human–electronics interface devices and artificial electronic skin.
A Straightforward One‐Step Access to Ticlopidine Derivatives Arylated at the C5‐Position of the Thienyl Ring via Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations
Authors: Atoui Dhieb , Li Haoran , Ben Salem Ridha , Roisnel Thierry , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reactivity of Ticlopidine, which belongs to the thienopyridine drug family, in Pd‐catalyzed C−H bond functionalization was investigated. The use of a palladium‐diphosphine catalyst associated to potassium acetate base in N,N‐dimethylacetamide was found to promote the regioselective arylation at the C5‐position of the Ticlopidine thienyl ring with aryl bromides in high yields. In the course of this reaction, no dechlorination or debenzylation of the 2‐chlorobenzyl group of Ticlopidine was observed. A wide variety of substituents on the aryl bromide was tolerated, such as nitro, nitrile, acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, ester, chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl. Bromopyridines and bromoquinolines were also successfully employed. This methodology gives a one‐step access to arylated Ticlopidine derivatives from commercially available compounds via a straightforward C−H bond functionalization procedure. Therefore, it provides a very appealing method to build a library of compounds containing a Ticlopidine unit.
Polar‐Functionalized, Crosslinkable, Self‐Healing, and Photoresponsive Polyolefins
Authors: Zou Chen , Chen Changle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe nonpolar nature of polyolefins is one of their biggest limitations. Now, an efficient route to generate polar‐functionalized, crosslinkable, self‐healing, photoresponsive polyolefins with thermoplastic, elastomeric, and thermosetting properties is reported. Tunable amounts of carboxylic acid and a cyclic comonomer are installed onto polyolefins by palladium‐catalyzed terpolymerization reactions. The incorporated carboxylic acid unit can alter the surface properties of polyolefins. The subsequently introduced Fe3+/citric acid combination induces dynamic crosslinking and enables self‐healing. Under UV light irradiation, citric acid reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+ and decreases the crosslinking density. The Fe2+ moiety can be easily oxidized back to Fe3+, making the process reversible at the expense of citric acid. The incorporated cyclic comonomer modulates the crystallinity of polyolefins, provides elastic properties, and installs carbon–carbon double bonds for sulfur‐induced vulcanization.
Thermal gelation modeling of a pluronic‐alginate blend following coronary angioplasty
Authors: Milocco Alessio , Scuor Nicola , Lughi Vanni , Lamberti Gaetano , Barba Anna Angela , Divittorio Rosario , Grassi Gabriele , Perkan Andrea , Grassi Mario , Abrami Michela 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTTo overcome the complications connected to the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis by means of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty followed by stent implantation, the in situ release of antiproliferative nucleic acid based drugs (NABD) seems a promising approach. For their fragile nature, NABD cannot be released from drug eluting stents but they need to be embedded in a soft gel coating the coronary wall (endoluminal gel paving). This article deals with the thermal fate, once in the catheter, of a polymer blend composed by pluronic, giving rise to a soft gel in water upon temperature rise, and alginate, a natural polysaccharide giving origin to a strong gel in the presence of divalent cations. Simulations reveal that while the formation of a pregel is rapidly achieved, the formation of a mature gel takes a much longer time with respect to the residence time of the polymer blend inside the catheter. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48539.
Flexible poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Pan Jingkai , Yue Jia , Bao Jianjun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this report, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) embedded poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) microspheres (CNT/SEBS) were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were used to cover the surface of CNT/SEBS microspheres. The CNT/SEBS/rGO nanocomposites with special segregated conductive network were fabricated by hot pressing these as‐prepared complex microspheres. The morphology, electrical percolation threshold, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of CNT/SEBS/rGO composites were characterized. The shielding mechanisms were discussed in detail. Analysis of electrical conductive performance shows that the electrical percolation threshold of rGO is 0.22 vol %. Results of EMI shielding test confirmed the synergistic effect between CNT and rGO. The EMI SE of the composite filled by 2.1 vol % CNT and 3.35 vol % rGO can achieve 26 dB in 8.2−12.4 GHz (X band), which exceeds the basic requirement for commercial application (20 dB). Its reflectance coefficient (19–41%) indicates that the most part of incident electromagnetic (EM) wave energy is attenuated through absorption mechanism. This kind of absorptive EMI shielding material can be applied without serious secondary EM radiation pollution problems. The effects of filler content, molding temperature on EMI SE, and shielding mechanism were also investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48542.
Oxygen barrier, free volume, and blending properties of fully bio‐based polyamide 11/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends
Authors: Huang Ya‐qiong , Dai Dan‐dan , Li Hong‐bo , Sun Lei , Runt James , Huang Kuo‐shien , Yeh Jen‐taut 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFully bio‐based polyamide 11 (PA11) was melt‐blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with varying degrees of polymerization (DP) to prepare PA11xPVAzy. The PA11xPVAzy films demonstrated the lowest oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and free volume characteristics, when PVA contents of each PA11xPVAzy series reached a corresponding critical concentration. The minimum OTR and free volume characteristics obtained for the optimal PA11xPVAzy films reduced significantly with decreasing PVA DPs. The OTR of the optimal PA11xPVAzy blown film was 1.07 cm3 m−2 day−1 atm−1, which is near to that of the ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer high‐barrier polymer. The results of dynamical, mechanical, and other experimental characterizations demonstrated that PA11 and PVA are compatible to some extent when PVA concentrations are less‐than or equal to the respective critical values. The enhanced oxygen permeation resistance and free volume characteristics for optimal PA11xPVAzy films are at least partly ascribed to the improved hydrogen‐bonded molecular interactions between PA11 CO groups and PVA O─H groups. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48562.
Satellite temperature measurement in LEO and improvement method of temperature sensors calibration based on the measured data
Authors: Sieger Ladislav , Nentvich Ondrej , Urban Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article describes the temperature measurement and its calibration on board of the nanosatellite CubeSat class VZLUSAT‐1. There are several thermometers, installed with an analog and a digital output, which are necessary for the accurate measurements calibrations under a vacuum condition or for applying postprocessing corrections. This document describes the way of calibration in a thermal vacuum chamber and its improvement in orbit. In addition, this article will discuss the use of a resistance temperature detector platinum sensors Pt1000 and a digital sensors HYT271 as the reference. A correction variable based on HYT271 compensates a nonlinearity of Pt1000 as well as minimizes the influence of change in a measuring current due to temperature changes. The current correction variable is a function of temperature and nanosatellite's position in the orbit. The measured temperatures are below −70°C in the Earth's shadow and greater than +80°C after irradiation by the Sun. Orbital temperature calibration is performed in two steps. The raw temperature data obtained during the orbital measurement are being used for further improvement. The measurement cycle consists of the electronics calibration, temperature measurement, and temperature calibration. After applying the temperature correction process, the final accuracy becomes better than ±0.15°C.
Performance of a modified three-level classification in stratifying open liver resection procedures in terms of complexity and postoperative morbidity
Authors: Kawaguchi Y , Hasegawa K , Tzeng C-W D , Mizuno T , Arita J , Sakamoto Y , Chun Y S , Aloia T A , Kokudo N , Vauthey J-N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Traditional classifications for open liver resection are not always associated with surgical complexity and postoperative morbidity. The aim of this study was to test whether a three-level classification for stratifying surgical complexity based on surgical and postoperative outcomes, originally devised for laparoscopic liver resection, is superior to classifications based on a previously reported survey for stratifying surgical complexity of open liver resections, minor/major nomenclature or number of resected segments.

Methods
Patients undergoing a first open liver resection without simultaneous procedures at MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston cohort) or the University of Tokyo (Tokyo cohort) were studied. Surgical and postoperative outcomes were compared among three grades: I (wedge resection for anterolateral or posterosuperior segment and left lateral sectionectomy); II (anterolateral segmentectomy and left hepatectomy); III (posterosuperior segmentectomy, right posterior sectionectomy, right hepatectomy, central hepatectomy and extended left/right hepatectomy).

Results
In both the Houston (1878 patients) and Tokyo (1202) cohorts, duration of operation, estimated blood loss and comprehensive complication index score differed between the three grades (all P &lt; 0·050) and increased in stepwise fashion from grades I to III (all P &lt; 0·001). Left hepatectomy was associated with better surgical and postoperative outcomes than right hepatectomy, extended right hepatectomy and right posterior sectionectomy, although these four procedures were categorized as being of medium complexity in the survey-based classification. Surgical outcomes of minor open liver resections also differed between the three grades (all P &lt; 0·050). For duration of operation and blood loss, the area under the curve was higher for the three-level classification than for the minor/major or segment-based classification.

Conclusion
The three-level classification may be useful in studies analysing open liver resection at Western and Eastern centres.
Improving the Activity of M−N4 Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Electrolyte Adsorption
Authors: Svane Katrine L. , Reda Mateusz , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetal and nitrogen codoped carbons (M−N/Cs) have emerged as promising alternatives to platinum‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). DFT calculations are used to investigate the adsorption of anions and impurities from the electrolyte on the active site, modeled as an M−N4 motif embedded in a planar carbon sheet (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co). The two‐dimensional catalyst structure implies that each metal atom has two potential active sites, one on each side of the sheet. Adsorption of anions or impurities on both sites results in poisoning, but adsorption on one of the sites leads to a modified ORR activity on the remaining site. The calculated adsorption energies show that a number of species adsorb only on one of the two sites under realistic experimental conditions. Furthermore, a few of these adsorbates modify the adsorption energies of the ORR intermediates on the remaining site, in such a way that the limiting potential is improved.
Comparison of distance‐based and model‐based ordinations
Authors: Roberts David W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDistance‐based ordinations have played a critical role in community ecology for more than half a century, but are still under active development. These methods employ a matrix of pairwise distances or dissimilarities between sample units, and map sample units from the high‐dimensional distance or dissimilarity space to a low‐dimensional representation for analysis. Distance‐ or dissimilarity‐based methods employ continuum or gradient ecological theory and a variety of statistical models to achieve the mapping. Recently, ecologists have developed model‐based ordinations based on latent vectors and individual species response models. These methods employ the individualistic perspective of Gleason as the ecological model, and Bayesian or maximum‐likelihood methods to estimate the parameters for the low dimensional space represented by the latent vectors. In this research I compared two distance‐based methods (NMDSand t‐SNE) with two model‐based methods (BORALandREO) on five data sets to determine which methods are superior for (1) extracting meaningful ecological drivers of variability in community composition, and (2) estimating sample unit locations in ordination space that maximize the goodness‐of‐fit of individual species response models to the estimated sample unit locations. Environmental variables and species were fitted to the ordinations by generalized additive models (GAMs) with Gaussian, negative binomial, or Poisson distribution models as appropriate. Across the five data sets, 22 models of environmental variability and 449 models of species distributions were calculated for each of the ordination methods. To minimize the effects of stochasticity the entire analysis was replicated three times and results averaged across the replicates. Results were evaluated by deviance explained andAICfor environmental variables and species distributions, averaged by ordination method for each data set, and ranked from best to worst. For the four assessments distance‐based methods ranked 1 and 2 in three cases, and 1 and 3 in one case, significantly out performing the model‐based methods. t‐SNEwas the top‐performing method, out performingNMDSespecially on the more complex data sets. In general the gradient‐based theoretical basis and data sufficiency of distance‐based methods allowed distance‐based methods to outperform model‐based methods in every assessment.