bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Presenting as Scrotal and Abdominal Nodules: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gilbert Aubre , Wieland Rebekah , Zacher Natasha , Rieger Kerri , Berry Gerald J. , Novoa Roberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MMTVT) is a rare neoplasm comprising <3% of all cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM). MMTVT derives from the tunica vaginalis testis, an outpouching of the mesothelial-lined abdominal peritoneum that detaches from the abdominal cavity after the descent of the testis. Similar to pleural mesothelioma, asbestos exposure is a known risk factor. However, MMTVT has a better prognosis than pleural mesothelioma. Cutaneous metastases from MMTVT are exceedingly rare. Herein, we describe a case of a 67-year-old man with a history of asbestos exposure presenting with scrotal pain and indurated plaques on his lower abdomen and scrotum. Histologic sections showed a sheet-like dermal proliferation comprising epithelioid cells with necrosis and increased mitotic activity. The clinical and histologic differential diagnosis was broad, including metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, germ cell tumor, hematologic malignancy, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and malignant mesothelioma. By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for WT1, D2-40, and AE1/AE3, with rare positivity for calretinin, consistent with a diagnosis of mesothelioma. Additional immunohistochemical studies provided no support for the other diagnostic considerations listed above. BAP1 showed retained nuclear expression (normal) by immunohistochemistry. A DNA sequencing panel identified copy number losses in CDKN2A, MTAP, CDKN2B, and NF2, which are frequently identified genetic alterations in malignant mesothelioma. Subsequent testicular imaging demonstrated a diffusely thickened scrotal wall with an enlarged left testicle. Overall, this represents a case of malignant mesothelioma presenting with cutaneous metastases to the scrotum and lower abdomen, with clinical and imaging features suggestive of primary MMTVT. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group recommends using at least 2 mesothelial markers, such as calretinin, WT1, CK5/6 or D2-40, and 2 epithelial markers, such as claudin-4, CEA, MOC-31, as well as a broad-spectrum cytokeratin stain (AE1/AE3) as part of an initial immunohistochemical panel. Metastatic mesothelioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of malignant epithelioid dermal tumors with unusual staining patterns.
Update on Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Dermatologic Surgery: Addressing Knowns and Unknowns
Authors: Proffer Sydney L. , Wyles Saranya P. , Hausauer Amelia K. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Autologous and allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in addition to its derivatives, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are broadly accepted therapeutic approaches in orthopedics, otolaryngology, sports medicine, plastic surgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, the absence of expert consensus, standardized protocols, and varying outcomes pose challenges to their broader acceptance in cosmetic dermatology and dermatologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To offer a contemporary literature overview of PRP and PRF, focusing on fundamental aspects of the technology, diversity of commercially accessible systems, and shed light on present-day controversies within the field.

METHODS
A systemic review of PRP and PRF literature was conducted, utilizing search engine databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed. Emphasis was placed on scrutinizing higher level-of-evidence articles, specifically randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses (Level 1A–2A), with particular emphasis on recent data that have not been well reviewed in other publications from January 2022 to May 2024.

RESULTS
An increasing body of literature affirms advantages of PRP products in dermatology, spanning wound care, facial rejuvenation, scar revision, and hair growth.

CONCLUSION
A foundational understanding of variation in preparation protocol, outcomes, and timing of administration is needed to better comprehend market dynamics, patient demand, and strategies for integrating PRP into dermatologic practice.
Piggyback Scleral Contact Lens to Enhance Cosmesis and Comfort in Uniocular Stevens–Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Subramanian Madhumathi , Balaji Janani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Stevens–Johnson syndrome often results in a significant reduction in vision, dryness, and photophobia based on severity. Scleral lenses are well-considered visual interventions that enhance vision and comfort, resulting in an increased quality of life for patients. This case report describes the enhancement of comfort, cosmesis, and reduction of photophobia using a piggyback system (scleral contact lenses over a prosthetic contact lens), whereas the other modalities were unsatisfactory.
Congenital Syphilis in the United States: A Narrative Review
Authors: Azqul Mahmoud M. , Griner Stacey B. , Pinto Casey N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Congenital syphilis (CS) continues to pose a significant global challenge. There has been a marked increase in reported cases in the US, with 102.5 cases per 100,000 live births in 2022 compared to 11.6 cases per 100,000 live births in 2014. CS can lead to a range of severe complications, including premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, perinatal death, stillbirth, and postnatal complications that may persist into later life. Maternal/parental factors such as age, race/ethnicity, occupation, income level, access to healthcare services, and incarceration have been linked to higher rates of CS. Additionally, pregnant individuals who engage in high-risk behaviors such as sex work, having multiple sexual partners, or substance use are at a higher risk of exposure and subsequent infection. Routine screening for syphilis during pregnancy is crucial for its detection, timely management, and prevention of CS. The asymptomatic nature of the latent stage of syphilis further underscores the importance of prenatal syphilis screening. Studies in various countries have shown that early or first antenatal care visit screening for CS is cost-effective. This review article critically evaluates the current knowledge of CS in the US, including its prevalence, social determinants of health, prevention efforts, challenges, the significance of screening, and the call to action to address the rising trend.
Comparison of the Consequences of Short- Versus Long-Term Intubation on Speech and Swallowing
Authors: Bach John R. , Nair Anthariksh 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Intubated, ventilator unweanable patients with ventilatory pump failure can be extubated to continuous noninvasive positive pressure ventilatory support; however, delays may result in untoward effects on speech and swallowing.

Methods
This is a retrospective chart review of ventilatory pump failure patients to determine need for postextubation gastrostomy tubes and consequences on speech for intubations less than (short) versus greater than (long) 3 wks.

Results
One hundred sixty-five patients were intubated for a mean 20.7 ± 23.5 (range = 1–240) days. All recovered prehospitalization speech status within 2 hrs to 3 days. One hundred four of the short group were intubated 1.6 ± 1.3 (range = 1–9) times for 9.9 ± 5.1 (range = 1–20) days versus 61 of the long group intubated 2.4 ± 3.3 (range = 1–26) times for 39.0 ± 30.5 (range = 21–210) days, 10.6% vs. 8.2%, respectively, required postextubation gastrostomy tubes indefinitely.

Discussion
There was no difference in untoward effects on speech or swallowing from short- versus long-term intubation. Had the patients undergone tracheotomies, the majority would have had gastrostomy tubes placed permanently and suffer morbidity and mortality from the tubes. Thus, an option is to permit patients to remain intubated and, even if unweanable, extubate them to continuous noninvasive positive pressure ventilatory support rather than tracheotomy.
99mTc-PYP Uptake in an Insulin Ball
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Sasaki Daisuke , Yamamura Nobuhisa , Inoue Katsuji , Okura Takafumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Long-term subcutaneous insulin injection causes histopathological changes, such as insulin amyloidosis resulting in poor glycemic control, at the insulin injection site. Insulin amyloidosis often leads to the formation of a nodule called the “insulin ball.” An insulin ball has not yet been documented on 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy. Hereby, we describe the case of a 74-year-old man with insulin-requiring diabetes who developed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction due to new-onset atrial fibrillation. 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy for cardiac amyloidosis screening showed no tracer uptake in the myocardium but did show uptake in the insulin ball suspected by CT and MRI scans.
18F-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Brown Parker J. , Huang Steve , Martinez Felipe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 61-year-old man with a medical history of human immunodeficiency virus well controlled on antiretroviral therapy presented for distal sensorimotor symptoms, fatigue, and recurrent fevers. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were both elevated. Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody and antinuclear antibodies were negative. Neurologic imaging workup was unremarkable. 18F-FDG PET/CT, which was crucial for diagnosis, demonstrated pathological tracer activity throughout the medium-sized vessels with sparing of the aorta. In view of presentation, comorbidities, and imaging findings, polyarteritis nodosa was diagnosed. The patient was treated appropriately with steroids and cyclophosphamide with significant symptomatic improvement.
A Larger Size of the Forehead Expander Can Reduce Donor Site Deformities and Acquire Better Outcomes After Forehead Tissue Expansion
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Yu Wenyuan , Zou Yun , Chen Hui , Jin Yunbo , Zhang Shujing , Shang Ying , Qiu Yajing , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: October 2024

Background
Both reconstructive outcomes and donor site deformities should be considered in forehead expander selection for resurfacing facial skin defects. Cranial bone deformity as well as bone resorption always cannot be completely normalized after tissue expander extraction. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the degree of frontal deformity, the reconstruction outcomes, and the expander size.

Patients and Methods
Cases of forehead tissue expansion performed from 2011 to 2020 with 50/80 mL sized expanders and 150/200 mL expanders were retrospectively reviewed and separated into 2 groups. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Two plastic surgeons (Y.Z. and L.L.) who were not involved in the operation process compared the patient's preoperative photos with their final follow-up photos. The Fisher exact, 2-sample t tests, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were performed in this study.

Results
Ultimately, 51 patients were included in the 50/80ml sized expander group, and 28 patients were included in the 150/200 mL expander group. Demographic data were collected and had no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. There was no statistical difference in the frontal deformation rate between the 2 groups. The degree of frontal deformation was significantly different, and a large expander could significantly reduce the frontal deformation degree (P < 0.05) and acquire a higher evaluation of the whole reconstruction outcomes (P = 0.007).

Conclusions
The large-sized (150/200 mL) expander sited on the forehead was shown to have a slighter postoperative forehead change and better reconstruction effect. It is advisable to choose expanders with relatively larger sizes in the application of the forehead expand flap.
Highly oxygenated dihydrostilbenoids and flavones from the aerial part of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Wei Xinyi , Zhou Junfei , Zeng Liping , Xu Mingming , Che Chuntao , Duan Jin’ao , Yan Hui , Bi Hongkai , Zhao Ming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) represent a significant global challenge due to their high mortality rates, substantial economic burden, and rapid spread. Traditional triple or quadruple therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy as a result of increasing drug resistance. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel anti-MDRB drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.

Objectives
To isolate and identify the dihydrostilbenoids and flavones from the aerial part of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Fabaceae) and to screen their antimicrobial activities.

Materials and methods
The aerial part of G. uralensis was extracted with 75% aqueous EtOH. The crude extract was repeatedly isolated by macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C18-MPLC, and MCI-MPLC, which were then purified by semipreparative RP-HPLC to obtain monomer compounds. The structures of the isolates were assigned by a combination of optical rotations, UV spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the absolute configurations of compounds 2, 3, and 7 were further confirmed by electronic circular dichroism calculations. Subsequently, we investigated their antimicrobial activities by the broth microdilution method.

Results
Seventeen previously undescribed phenolic compounds (1–17) and 26 known analogs (18–43), including dihydrostilbenoids, flavones, and dihydroflavones, were identified from the aerial part of G. uralensis. In vitro, antimicrobial bioassays demonstrated that compound 31 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect against 4 drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains (MIC = 2–4 μg/mL), comparable to metronidazole (MIC = 1–32 μg/mL). Additionally, compounds 10, 13, and 15 demonstrated bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 4 μg/mL), while compounds 15 and 22 exhibited inactivation effects against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Enterococcus faecium, and E. faecalis (MIC = 4–8 μg/mL).

Conclusions
These monomeric compounds with antimicrobial activities were isolated from the aerial parts of G. uralensis, providing valuable insights into the potential anti-MDRB properties of its nonmedicinal parts.
ER O-glycosylation in synovial fibroblasts drives cartilage degradation
Authors: Tran Le Son , Chia Joanne , Guezennec Xavier Le , Min Tham Keit , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Sandrin Virginie , Chen Way Cherng , Leng Tan Tong , Sechachalam Sreedharan , Pang Leong Khai , Bard Frederic A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow arthritic synovial fibroblasts (SFs) activate cartilage ECM degradation remains unclear. GALNT enzymes initiate O-glycosylation in the Golgi; when relocated to the ER, their activity stimulates ECM degradation. Here, we show that in human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial SFs, GALNTs are relocated to the ER. In an RA mouse model, GALNTs relocation occurs shortly before arthritis symptoms and abates as the animal recovers. An ER GALNTs inhibitor prevents cartilage ECM degradation in vitro and expression of this chimeric protein in SFs results in the protection of cartilage. One of the ER targets of GALNTs is the resident protein Calnexin, which is exported to the cell surface of arthritic SFs. Calnexin participates in matrix degradation by reducing ECM disulfide bonds. Anti-Calnexin antibodies block ECM degradation and protect animals from RA. In sum, ER O-glycosylation is a key switch in arthritic SFs and glycosylated surface Calnexin could be a therapeutic target.
Foreign direct investment inflow and the economic growth nexus in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakabungu Benedict Huruma Peter , Wondimu Melkamu 
Published: October 2024

PurposeA shortage of investment capital is one of the main issues facing most developing economies, including Tanzania. Policymakers, economists, and governments in these countries have been debating how to overcome this obstacle and improve economic growth through foreign direct investments (FDI). The present study endeavors to examine the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Tanzania during the period of 1991–2021. The analysis considers financial development, capital formation, and labor force involvement as intermediation variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses time series data to estimate an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, as well as Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship between the variables under study.FindingsThe findings show a long-run co-integration between the studied variables. However, only FDI and labor input have a significant impact on gross domestic product (GDP) growth in both the short and long run. Bidirectional causality exists between FDI, labor input, and GDP growth in the short and long run.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to an understanding of the relationship between inbound FDI, labor input, and economic growth in Tanzania, as well as updating the government to improve its financial system to gain more from FDI inflows and hence boost growth-enhancing effects.Originality/valueThis study provides insight into the relationship between inbound FDI and economic growth in Tanzania, which is a critical policy concern in developing economies. Extant studies’ results remain controversial, and this is the first study in Tanzania to investigate the FDI-growth nexus, by considering financial development, capital formation, and labor input simultaneously.
The potentials of University–Industry Collaboration (UIC) for agriculture from diverse stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Haji Shahlehi Syahraudhah , Haji Shahlehi Syahnur Farhana , Shaya Vivi Nabilah 
Published: October 2024

PurposeUniversity–Industry Collaboration (UIC) is crucial for enhancing sectoral performance and competitiveness. This study focuses on investigating the challenges and solutions to achieving effective UIC in Brunei Darussalam’s agricultural sector. This sector is pivotal in diversifying the economy away from historical dependence on oil and gas, thereby promoting sustainability.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an interpretivist stance, this study prioritised subjective views through semi-structured interviews with 20 diverse participants, including government officials, agri-business professionals, farmers, an agri-tech company and academicians.FindingsThe findings highlight key challenges to successful UIC, including varying stakeholder needs and goals, limited proactive engagement and inadequate funding. Overcoming these barriers necessitates the provision of financial support and supportive mechanisms to agricultural stakeholders, along with fostering active participation in collaborative efforts. Enhancements in both academic and practical aspects are also essential for addressing these challenges effectively.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides practical insights for stakeholders in industry, academia and government to collaboratively improve sectoral performance. Given its qualitative nature, the findings may not be universally generalisable beyond the contexts examined. Future research should validate these findings across diverse settings to enhance the transferability and applicability of UIC strategies.Originality/valueThis study addresses a crucial gap in the literature by examining UIC in agricultural contexts, particularly in developing countries such as Brunei, where research in this area is scarce. Moreover, this study’s findings may have relevance beyond the immediate context, as they provide rich and detailed insights into UIC dynamics from diverse stakeholders' perspectives, which can be applicable to similar settings in other developing countries.
Short‐term exercise counteracts accelerated ageing impacts on physical performance and liver health in mice
Authors: Pinto Ana P. , Muñoz Vitor R. , Tavares Maria Eduarda A. , Neto Ivo V. de Sousa , dos Santos Jonathas R. , Rodrigues Guilherme S. , Carolino Ruither O. Gomes , Alberici Luciane C. , Simabuco Fernando M. , Teixeira Giovana R. , Pauli José R. , de Moura Leandro P. , Cintra Dennys E. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Freitas Ellen C. , Rivas Donato A. , da Silva Adelino S. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSenescence impairs liver physiology, mitochondrial function and circadian regulation, resulting in systemic metabolic dysregulation. Given the limited research on the effects of combined exercise on an ageing liver, this study aimed to evaluate its impact on liver metabolism, circadian rhythms and mitochondrial function in senescence‐accelerated mouse‐prone 8 (SAMP8) and senescence‐accelerated mouse‐resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Histological, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and immunoblotting analyses were conducted, supplemented by transcriptomic data sets and AML12 hepatocyte studies. Sedentary SAMP8 mice exhibited decreased muscle strength, reduced mitochondrial complex I levels and increased lipid droplet accumulation. In contrast, combined exercise mitigated muscle strength loss, upregulated proteins involved in mitochondrial complexes (CIII, CIV, CV) and increased Bmal1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the liver. These molecular adaptations are associated with healthier liver phenotypes and may influence metabolic function and cellular longevity. Notably, elevated lipid content in aged mice was reduced post‐exercise, indicating liver benefits even after a relatively short intervention. The combined exercise regimen did not improve aerobic capacity, likely due to the low volume and brief duration of running. Moreover, no significant effects were observed in SAMR1 mice, possibly because the training intensity was insufficient for younger, healthier animals. These findings underscore the potential of combined strength and endurance exercise to attenuate age‐related liver dysfunction, particularly in ageing populations.
Clinical characteristics, imaging diagnostic accuracy, and prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: A real‐world study in China
Authors: Liu Yue , Wan Dong Ling , Yang Zheng Hui , Liu Chao , Tu Ya Tao , Liu Yu Ting , Wang Xin Yue , Xu Jia Heng , Jiang Meng Ruo , Zhang De Yu , Wu Chang , Jin Zhen Dong , Li Zhao Shen , Sun Li Qi , Huang Hao Jie 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of Chinese patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) through a single‐center real‐world study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AIP in Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University from January 2014 to December 2021 were included. Baseline characteristics, laboratory test results, cross‐sectional imaging and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings, and long‐term follow‐up data were obtained. The differences in these characteristics between type 1 and type 2 AIP patients were analyzed.ResultsAmong all 320 patients, 271 (84.7%) and 49 (15.3%) had type 1 and type 2 AIP, respectively. The most common initial symptom was abdominal discomfort (58.1%), followed by obstructive jaundice (32.5%). Extrapancreatic organ involvement was identified in 126 (39.4%) patients, with the biliary system being the most commonly involved (36.6%). Elevated serum IgG4 level was rare in type 2 AIP patients. The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and EUS for definitive and probable AIP were 78.0%, 68.7%, and 80.5%, respectively. EUS‐guided tissue acquisition with immunohistochemical staining helped establish a final diagnosis in 39.7% of patients. During the follow‐up period of 60 months, 18.6% of patients experienced relapse. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year relapse rates were higher in type 1 AIP patients, with an accumulated rate of 8.0%, 12.6%, and 15.1%, when compared with those with type 2 AIP.ConclusionsType 2 AIP is not uncommon in Chinese population. The diagnostic accuracy of CT and EUS for AIP might be superior to that of MRI.