bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL AĞLAR VE MODERN İNSANIN YALNIZLAŞMASI: COCA-COLA REKLAM ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sezerer Albayrak Eda 
Published: March 2019

İnternetin ağlar oluşturarak hayatımızın
içine girmesi ve son on yıldır milyarlarca kişi tarafından kullanılması,
internet ile mobil iletişimin yakınsamasının bir sonucudur. Her teknoloji,
toplumların üzerinde toplumsal ve sosyal açıdan dönüşümler ve değişimler
sağlamaktadır. Özellikle iletişim teknolojileri ile beraber, toplumların
alışkanlıklarından, yıllardır süregelen
kültürlerine, yapılarına, iş yaşamlarına kadar değişimler oluşmaktadır.
Modernleşen bireyler geleneksel iletişim biçimlerinden ziyade, parmak
dokunuşlarıyla dünya çapında birçok kullanıcıya erişme imkânı sağlayan bir ağ
iletişimini tercih etmektedirler. Her türlü iletişimin bu ağlar üzerinden
yapılması, dijital ağların çok fazla tercih edilmesi yeni bir sosyalleşme
süreci olarak görülmeye başlanmıştır. Modernliğin getirmiş olduğu bu dönüşüm,
geçmiş zamanlarda olan dönüşümlerden çok daha etkili olmuş, sadece “dijital
yerliler” olarak anılan bu çağın içine doğmuş gençler değil onlardan daha eski
jenerasyonlar bile bu değişime ayak uydurmuşlardır. Yaşı ne olursa olsun modern
çağda yaşayan her insan kendini yenilemesini zorunlu hale getiren teknoloji ve
internet geleneksel toplumsal düzenin ortadan kaybolmasına, yeni bir
sosyalleşme sürecinin başlamasına neden olmuştur. Bu süreçle beraber, kişilerin
ilişkileri, yaşama biçimleri, iletişimleri farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır.
Bireylerin, diğer insanlarla kurdukları iletişim, teknolojiyle aracılanmış bir
iletişim biçimine dönüşmüş, zaman ve mekan kavramı ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu anlık
iletişim beraberinde beden dili (jest, mimik) içermeyen, sanal davranış ve
sanal duygular içeren bir süreci kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, sanal ortam
üzerinde oluşturulan iletişim, kişileri yalnızlaşma sürecine götürmektedir.
Dijital ağlar “ manuel” toplumları
doğurmuş olup insanların bir araya gelememesine neden olmuştur. Bir araya gelen
kişilerin ise belli bir süre sonra arkadaşları ile aynı ortamdayken “sanal”
ortamlarına dönmeyi tercih ettikleri gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile
toplulukların içinde yaşayan “yalnız” kişilerin sosyal ağlar aracılığıyla
sosyalleşme çabalarına ve teknoloji sayesinde modernleşen fakat bir o kadar
yabancılaşmış topluma Coca Cola’nın “Sosyal Medya” temalı reklam filmi
penceresinden eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşılacaktır.
DÜNYA ÜLKELERİNDE BEŞERİ KALKINMA VE İŞ KAZALARI İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Mızrak Murat , Kandemir Orhan 
Published: March 2019

İnsanların
mutluluğunu temel hedef olarak belirleyen yeni kalkınma anlayışında eğitim,
sağlık gibi sosyal refah göstergelerinin iyileştirilmesi çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle ülkeler, genel nüfusun refahı yanında,
üretimin en önemli unsuru olan
çalışanların mutlu ve güvenli bir ortamda çalışması için gerekli tedbirleri
almaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada,
ülkelerin beşeri kalkınma düzeyleri ile yaşanan iş kazaları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.
Çalışmada yapılan analizler
sonucunda beklendiği gibi, ülkelerin beşeri kalkınma düzeyleri ile ölümlü iş
kazaları oranı arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki ve çok yüksek insani gelişme düzeyine sahip ülkeler ile
diğer ülkeler arasında ölümlü iş kazaları oranı açısından istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Çok yüksek insani gelişme düzeyine sahip ülkelerde
ölümlü iş kazaları oranı ortalamalarının daha düşük bulunması; beşeri kalkınma
düzeyi yüksek ülkelerde ölümlü iş kazaları oranının daha düşük olduğu şeklinde
yorumlanabilir.
Experiences with CML on the Troll Field, Norway: A Case History
Authors: van der Linden Rik , Valvik Beate , Molde Dag Ove , Skår Gjertrud , Fredriksen Ragnar Marcelius 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
CML (Controlled Mud Level) is a dual gradient type of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). The CML system was developed and implemented on the Troll field to allow for reducing the annular pressures acting on the wellbore during drilling, thus allowing drilling areas weakened by faults and fractures and longer horizontal sections in the depleted normal pressured reservoirs.
This paper will present a short introduction to the Troll field, a description of the system utilized, a summary of the rig integration, operations and experiences with the CML system on Troll.
Operator's First Application of MPD in Deepwater GoM Delivers Top Quartile Well
Authors: Essam Wael , Scarborough Christopher , Wilson Nick , Shimi Ahmed , Santos Helio , Hannam Jason , Catak Erdem , Lancaster Jay , Gooding Neil , Baan Robert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
BP had long recognized the benefits of MPD, having been using it for years to deliver very challenging wells in Egypt, Trinidad and the North Sea; and it was time to bring these benefits to its GoM operations. Once the company team identified a portfolio of suitable candidate wells to allow the economics of the application to be advantageous, they partnered with Seadrill to provide the MPD service integrated into the West Capricorn drilling rig. This approach builds on synergies within the drilling contractor organization to achieve long term economic, competency, and risk management benefits, resulting from integrating this drilling method on the rig, and eliminating interfaces with 3rd party providers. The paper will discuss how the company and the drilling contractor teams, together with equipment suppliers and training providers, managed the project from initial system design, to installation and commissioning, to the successful delivery of the first well using MPD, at top quartile performance. It will discuss the process for optimizing the design and testing it from a reliability and process safety perspectives; engaging the regulatory authority and the classification society; integrating MPD in the well planning process and developing operational procedures for use on the rig; and delivering a training program for the wider team covering the technical and the human factors aspects to ensure a successful delivery.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema: a case report
Authors: Xiong Jun , Sun Yongxing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: The negative pressure pulmonary edema is rare clinical situation which caused mainly by upper airway obstruction. However except upper airway obstruction, there may be other pathophysiological disorders making patients more vulnerable to pulmonary edema. Based on these disorders, upper airway obstruction is the trigger to induce negative pressure pulmonary edema.
Case presentation: This case was a 5-year-old girl with tumor on saddle area, her hormones level were abnormal preoperatively, such as cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, free T4 and total T4. During the stage of induction, negative pressure pulmonary edema took place due to mild upper airway obstruction. And the instant chest Computer tomography proved diagnosis clue. After intensive care, most lung field of this girl recovered to normal within 48 hours.
Conclusion: The patient with abnormal hormone levels is vulnerable to pulmonary edema, mild upper airway obstruction triggered negative pressure pulmonary. Thus pre-operation hormones supplement is as important as keeping upper airway unobstructed.
Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial: Does an SMS behaviour change programme with a classroom-based session improve the oral health of young people living in deprived areas? A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marshman Zoe , Ainsworth Hannah , Chestnutt Ivor Gordon , Day Peter , Dey Donna , Yousfi Sarab El , Fairhurst Caroline , Gilchrist Fiona , Hewitt Catherine , Jones Claire , Kellar Ian , Pavitt Sue , Robertson Mark , Shah Sarwat , Stevens Katherine , Torgerson David , Innes Nicola 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background:
Almost one-half of 12-15 year olds living in deprived areas of the UK have dental caries (tooth decay) with few oral health promotion programmes aimed at children of this age. Mobile phone based interventions such as Short Messaging Service (SMS) interventions have been found effective at changing certain behaviours and improving health outcomes. This protocol describes the BRIGHT Trial, investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a behaviour change intervention; classroom-based session (CBS) embedded in the curriculum and a series of SMS delivered to participants twice daily to remind them to brush their teeth, compared to usual curriculum and no SMS for young people from deprived areas, on the incidence of dental caries. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to improve the oral health of young people living in deprived areas.

Methods/design: This is a school-based, assessor-blinded, two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot trial. Overall, the trial will involve approximately 5,040 11-13 year olds in 42 schools with a three year follow-up. The trial will take place in secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales. The primary outcome is the presence of carious lesions in permanent teeth at three years. Secondary outcomes are: frequency of twice-daily toothbrushing, plaque levels, gingivitis, child health-related quality of life and oral health-related quality of life. A cost-utility analysis will be conducted.

Discussion: The findings of the trial have implications for embedding oral health interventions into school curricula guidance produced by national bodies including departments for education, dental public health and guideline development organisations.

Trial registration: ISRCTN12139369, date of initial registration 10/5/2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12139369.

Keywords: Dental caries, caries prevention, prevention, behaviour change, randomised controlled trial, child dental health, m-health, short messaging service
Impact of PReOperative Midazolam on OuTcome of Elderly patients (I-PROMOTE): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kowark Ana , Rossaint Rolf , Keszei András P. , Bischoff Petra , Czaplik Michael , Drexler Berthold , Kienbaum Peter , Kretzschmar Moritz , Pühringer Friedrich , Saller Thomas , Schneider Gerhard , Soehle Martin , Coburn Mark , group I-PROMOTE study 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Premedication with benzodiazepines in surgical patients became questionable regarding risk-benefit ratio and lack of evidence. Though, preoperative benzodiazepines might alleviate preoperative anxiety, a higher risk for adverse events is described, particularly for elderly patients (≥65 years). Several German hospitals already withhold benzodiazepine premedication from elderly patients, though evidence is lacking.
The patient-centred outcome global postoperative patient satisfaction is recognized as a substantial quality indicator of the anaesthesia care incorporated by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Therefore, we aim to assess, whether the postoperative patient satisfaction after premedication with placebo compared to the preoperative administration of 3.75 mg midazolam in elderly patients differs.
Methods
This study is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-arm parallel, interventional trial, conducted in 9 German hospitals. In total 614 patients (≥65-80 years of age) undergoing elective surgery with general anaesthesia will be randomised to receive either 3.75 mg midazolam or placebo.
The primary outcome (global patient satisfaction) will be assessed with the validated EVAN-G questionnaire on the first postoperative day. Secondary outcomes will be assessed until the first postoperative day and 30 days after surgery, respectively. They comprise among others: functional and cognitive recovery, postoperative delirium, health-related quality of life assessment, and mortality or new-onset of serious cardiac or pulmonary complications, acute stroke, or acute kidney injury.
Analysis will adhere to the intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcome will be analysed with the use of mixed linear model including treatment effect and study centre as factors and random effects for blocks. Exploratory adjusted and subgroup analyses of the primary and secondary outcomes with regard to gender effects, frailty, pre-operative anxiety level, patient demographics and surgery experience will be performed in addition.
Discussion
This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study analyzing patient satisfaction after premedication with midazolam in elderly patients. In conclusion, this study will provide high quality data for decision-making process regarding premedication in the elderly surgical patients.
Manual Therapy Versus Therapeutic Exercise in non-specific chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Bernal-Utrera Carlos , Gonzalez-Gerez Juan Jose , Saavedra-Hernandez Manuel , Lerida-Ortega Miguel Angel , Rodriguez-Blanco Cleofas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
• Background: The underlying mechanisms that are causes of non-specific chronic neck pain relapses are not clear, but it could be associated with a deficit and alteration of the proprioception of the neck muscles that play a decisive role in the cervical joint position, motor control of the head and about postural stability. Numerous treatments for non-specific chronic neck pain have been described in the scientific literature. However, few studies analyze its influence on postural stability, since these alterations are not fully described, and various theories emerge about the reasons that cause it. Our mainly aim is analyze the differences in postural stability, pain, cervical disability and the relation between them produced by a treatment based on manual therapy and another based on therapeutic exercise.
• Methods: The short-term and mid-term changes produced by different therapies on subjects with non-specific chronic neck pain will be studied. The sample will be randomly divided into three groups, manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and placebo. The general stability index, measured through a dynamic stabilometric platform, pain based on the visual analog scale and the pressure pain threshold, and the cervical disability through the cervical disability index were taken as dependent variables of the study. The findings will be analyzed statistically considering a 5% significance level (p ≤ 0.05)
• Discussion: Our study aims to provide knowledge about postural stability and its relationship with pain in subjects with non-specific chronic neck pain. Analyzing the results produced by different types of therapy will allow us to draw conclusions about the mechanisms that provoke these alterations, structural or central mechanisms.
• Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry, RBR-2vj7sw. Registered on 28 November 2018.
Fate of cobalt and nickel in mackinawite during diagenetic pyrite formation
Authors: Swanner Elizabeth D. , Webb Samuel M. , Kappler Andreas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs iron sulfide mineral phases are important sedimentary sinks for naturally occurring or contaminant metals, it is important to know the fate of metals during the diagenetic transformation of primary sulfide minerals into more stable phases, such as pyrite (FeS2). Furthermore, the trace metal content of pyrite has been proposed as a marine paleoredox proxy. Given the diverse low-temperature diagenetic formation pathways for pyrite, this use of pyrite requires validation. We, therefore, studied nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) incorporation into freshly precipitated mackinawite (FeSm), and after experimental diagenesis to pyrite (FeS2) using S0 as an oxidant at 65 °C. Metal incorporation was quantified on bulk digests using ICP-OES or ICP-AES. Bulk mineralogy was characterized with micro-X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD), documenting the transformation of mackinawite to pyrite. Epoxy grain mounts were made anoxically of mackinawite and pyrite grains. We used synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to map the distribution of Co and Ni, as well as to collect multiple energy maps throughout the sulfur (S) K-edge. Iron (Fe) and S K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (μXANES) was used to identify the oxidation state and mineralogy within the experimentally synthesized and diagenetically transformed minerals, and map end-member solid phases within the grain mounts using the multiple energy maps. Metal-free FeSm transformed to pyrite, with residual FeSm detectable. Co- and Ni-containing FeSm also transformed to pyrite, but with multiple techniques detecting FeSm as well as S0, implying less complete transformation to pyrite as compared to metal-free FeSm. These results indicate that Co and Ni may inhibit transformation for FeSm to pyrite, or slow it down. Cobalt concentrations in the solid diminished by 30% during pyrite transformation, indicating that pyrite Co may be a conservative tracer of seawater or porewater Co concentrations. Nickel concentrations increased several-fold after pyrite formation, suggesting that pyrite may have scavenged Ni from the dissolution of primary FeSm grains. Nickel in pyrites thus may not be a reliable proxy for seawater or porewater metal concentrations.
The use of reclaimed water is a viable and safe strategy for the irrigation of myrtle plants in a scenario of climate change
Authors: Acosta-Motos José Ramón , Ortuño María Fernanda , Álvarez Sara , Hernández José Antonio , Sánchez-Blanco María Jesús 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this work, we irrigated myrtle plants with reclaimed waters (RWs) for 90 days with drainage. The treatments consisted of a control (0.8 dS m−1) and two RWs: RW1 (2.0 dS m−1) and RW2 (5.0 dS m−1). In general, nutrients were accumulated in a greater proportion in shoots than in roots and increased in the RW treatments, with the exception of potassium and phosphorus. This behaviour produced a progressive decrease in the root water potential, which hindered the mobility of water to the leaves. This in turn caused a drop in leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters, especially in the RW2 treatment. The intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi, Pn/gs) did not show differences in any treatment. The RW2 treatment provoked a loss of biomass in the leaves but not in the stems and roots, resulting in more compact plants. Considering these results together, it is feasible to use RWs for plant irrigation, despite their high electrical conductivity. RWs are thus a viable alternative to scarce conventional water resources in a future scenario of climate change.
On the performance of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for stormwater recovery in Mediterranean climate
Authors: Ventura D. , Barbagallo S. , Consoli S. , Ferrante M. , Milani M. , Licciardello F. , Cirelli G. L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The overall efficiency of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland (H-CW), located on a retail store's parking area in Eastern Sicily, for alternative treatment of stormwater runoff and of sequential batch reactor (SBR) effluent was evaluated. Experimental activities were focused on system performances, including wastewater (WW) quality and hydraulic monitoring. System design, macrophyte growth and seasonal factors influenced the pilot plant performance. Very high removal efficiency for microbial indicators were reported within the subsurface horizontal flow unit (HF), playing a strategic role for Clostridium perfringens. The algal growth occurred in the free water surface (FWS) unit and inhibited removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), impairing water quality. The whole H-CW showed good efficiency in trace metals removal, especially for Pb, Zn, and Cu. Preliminary results suggested the reliability of the H-CW technology in decentralised water treatment facilities for enhancing water recovery and reuse.
Neural Networks in Generalized Epilepsy and Novel Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Werner Felix-Martin , Coveñas Rafael 
Published: March 2019

Background:In previous works, alterations of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy have been reported.Objective:We reviewed the alterations of these neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the following brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy: hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex. In these brain areas, the neural networks are also actualized. The mechanisms of action of newer antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of generalized epilepsy are also discussed.Results:Up-dating the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide alterations, we found that hippocampal GABAergic neurons presynaptically inhibit epileptogenic neurons via GABAB receptors. Epilepsy modulating neuropeptides (galanin, neuropeptide Y, dynorphin) are also involved. GABA deficiency, serotonin hyperactivity, dopamine hyperactivity and glutamate excitotoxicity can enhance ictogenesis: neurons containing these neurotransmitters form the main neural circuit. An increased excitability occurs when the alteration of these neurotransmitters is permanent.Conclusion:In preclinical studies, the GABAB receptor agonist GS 39,783 exerted a good antiepileptic effect. Perampanel, an AMPA receptor antagonist, showed good clinical effects in the treatment of partial-onset seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In this treatment, perampanel can be combined with other antiepileptic drugs. Brivaracetam, which shows a high affinity for the synaptic vesicle 2A, exerted a good efficacy in the treatment of adult focal seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Retinal and Choroidal Changes after Anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Woo Jong Eun , Yoon Yo Sep , Lee Seunghwan , Woo Je Moon , Min Jung Kee 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To investigate changes in retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, and
choroidal thickness in the macular area in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who received
repeated intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept treatments.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 90 eyes of 90 treatment-naive patients. Fifty eyes were treated with
intravitreal injections of aflibercept, and 40 were treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Unaffected
fellow eyes (71 eyes) were used as controls. The dosage was one injection per month for 3 consecutive months as
an initial treatment. The patients were examined monthly for 6 months following the initial injection. Additional
intravitreal injections were given reactively in an optical coherence tomography-guided “pro re nata” protocol.
Measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, full retina, and choroidal thickness
were simultaneously obtained via swept-source optical coherence tomography in the nine Early Treatment
Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields.

Results:
The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields
did not differ significantly among the three study groups (aflibercept vs. ranibizumab vs. control). The ganglion
cell-inner plexiform layer thickness was significantly reduced in the aflibercept group, while the choroidal thickness
was reduced in both the aflibercept and ranibizumab groups.

Conclusion:
Excessive long-term vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition by an anti-vascular endothelial
growth factor agent that is trapped by neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells may adversely affect the
function of physiological vascular endothelial growth factor and harm retinal cells and vessels.