bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional and Structural Features of the Main Bioactive Polysaccharides Present in the Aloe vera Plant
Authors: Minjares-Fuentes Rafael , Femenia Antoni , Comas-Serra Francesca , Rodríguez-González Victor Manuel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aloe vera (A. barbadensis Miller) is probably one of the most popular plants, widely studied because of numerous properties associated with the polysaccharides present in its gel. In particular, two main types of bioactive polysaccharides can be distinguished in the A. vera gel: an acetylated mannose-rich polymer that functions as storage polysaccharide, and a galacturonic acid–rich polymer as the main component comprising the cell walls of the parenchymatous tissue. Interestingly, most of the beneficial properties related to the aloe plant have been associated with the acetylated mannose-rich polysaccharide, also known as acemannan. However, the composition and structural features of these polysaccharides, as well as the beneficial properties associated with them, may be altered by different factors, such as the climate, soil, postharvest treatments, and processing. Further, different analytical methods have been used not only to identify but also to characterize the main polysaccharides found in parenchyma of A. vera leaf. Within this context, the main aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant information about the structural and compositional features of the main polysaccharides found in the A. vera gel as well as the most relevant analytical techniques used for their identification and their influence on the technological, functional, and beneficial properties related to the A. vera plant.
UM ESBOÇO DE UMA PERSONALIDADE MÍSTICA - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p13
Authors: Pondé Luiz Felipe 
Published: June 2018

ResumoA intenção deste artigo é fazer um esboço do que seria uma personalidade mística portadora de uma ciência mística. Para tal, levantamos alguns instrumentos conceituais para este fim. Percorremos um breve histórico semântico da palavra “mística” no cristianismo. Em seguida, identificamos o que seria o elemento místico nas religiões, segundo o pesquisador Friedrich Von Hügel. Na sequência, analisamos os conceitos de exercícios espirituais do filósofo Pierre Hadot na filosofia antiga e de transcendentalismo (autoconfiança) no romantismo americano de Ralph Waldo Emerson, a fim de neles iluminar o que seria uma filosofia mística. Como último instrumento, vimos o conceito de aristocracia espiritual do filósofo russo Nicolai Berdiaev. Os principais traços dessa personalidade identificados são: ausência do problema de sentido da existência, enfrentamento da contingência, amor espontâneo pela vida, vontade autoconfiante, coragem, generosidade e atenção a presença da dimensão transcendente.Palavras-Chave: Mística. Cristianismo. Exercícios espirituais. Transcendentalismo. AbstractThis article intends to a make a sketch of what would be a mystical personality and its mystical science. In order to do so, we have identified some conceptual tools. First, we have followed a short history of the semantics of the word “mysticism” in Christianity. From there, we have moved onto Friedrich Von Hügel’s concept of mystical element, Pierre Hadot’s spiritual exercises in ancient philosophy, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s transcendentalism (self reliance), and, last, but not least, Nicolai Berdiaev’s concept of spiritual aristocracy. The main traits of the mystical personality we have identified are: lack of fear concerning the problem of meaning life, facing of contingence, spontaneuos love for life, self reliance, courage, generosity and atention to the transcendent dimension.Key words: Mysticism. Christianity. Spiritual exercises.Transcendentalism.
AS SETE MORADAS E AS NOVE CONSCIÊNCIAS: similaridades entre as místicas católica e budista Nichiren - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p79
Authors: Mahfoud Miguel 
Published: June 2018

ResumoO presente artigo apresenta convergências entre duas tradições diversas no que se refere à compreensão da experiência mística enquanto reveladora da experiência humana e de seu possível desenvolvimento. Aponta-se o processo pessoal na experiência mística: (a) na tradição católica através da concepção de castelo interior de sete moradas concebida por Teresa D´Ávila e apresentada em termos de antropologia filosófica por Edith Stein e (b) na tradição do Budismo Nichiren através da apropriação do antigo conceito de nove consciências, particularmente pelo líder budista contemporâneo Daisaku Ikeda. As similaridades entre os dois processos de desenvolvimento da experiência pessoal a partir da mística são apontados em termos de modalidades de percepção e discernimento, relação sujeito-mundo e percepção de si mesmo. Chega-se a apontar etapas de desenvolvimento da experiência mística e humana compartilhadas por ambas as tradições.Palavras-Chave: Mística. Edith Stein. Budismo. Psicologia e Religião. AbstractThis article presents convergences between two different traditions as the understanding of mystical experience while revealing the human experience and its possible development. Points up the personal process in mystical experience: (a) in the Catholic tradition through the design of interior castle of seven mansions designed by Teresa of Avila and presented in terms of philosophical anthropology by Edith Stein and (b) in the Nichiren Buddhism tradition through the ownership of the old concept of nine consciences, particularly by contemporary Buddhist leader Daisaku Ikeda. The similarities between the two development processes of personal experience from the mystical are appointed in terms of modes of perception and discernment, subject-world relationship and perception of yourself. Enough to point development stages of the mystical and human experience shared by both traditions.Keywords: Mystique. Edith Stein. Buddhism. Psychology and Religion. ResumenEl presente artículo muestra convergencias entre las dos tradiciones diferentes en cuanto a la comprensión de la experiencia mística que resultan reveladoras de la experiência humana y de su posible desarrollo. Se señala el proceso personal en la experiência mística: (a) en la tradición católica a través de la concepción de castillo interior de siete moradas concebida por Teresa de Ávila y presentada en términos filosóficos por Edith Stein y (b) en la tradición del Budismo Nichiren a través de la apropiación del antiguo concepto de nueve conciencias especialmente por el líder budista contemporáneo Daisaku Ikeda. Las similitudes entre los dos procesos de desarrollo de la experiencia personal a partir de la mística se señalan en términos de modalidades de percepción y discernimiento, relación sujeto-mundo y percepción de sí mismo. Se llega a señalar etapas de desarrollo de la experiencia mística y humana compartidas por ambas tradiciones.Palavras Clave: Mística. Edith Stein. Budismo. Psicología y Religion.
Conducting Polymers and Their Application in Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Abdelhamid Muhammad E. , Snook Graeme A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsidering the excellent chemical and physical properties of conducting polymers (CPs), such as high surface area as well as short path lengths for electronic and ionic transport, along with their flexible nature, places CPs in the spotlight as one of the most widely studied materials for energy storage, and especially for supercapacitor electrodes. This article briefly covers the theory behind CPs, their methods of production and customization, and what makes CPs as desirable materials for supercapacitor applications. In addition, the synthesis of thiophene derivatives, used to impove the stability of the resultant CP, is also presented. One negative effect of using CPs is often associated with the increase of their molecular weight,which results in lower gravimetric performance. Therefore, we discuss the important difference between practical gravimetric capacitance and theoretical gravimetric capacitance. Some of the limitations of CPs (such as limited cycle life) can be improved upon via compositing with carbon materials or metal oxide materials. Finally, a discussion of real‐world devices and prototypes concludes the article. Devices utilizing CPs as the main active component are mainly limited to trial devices and prototypes. Nonetheless, CPs continue to attract interest in the academic world as prospective supercapacitor materials with great potential to outperform the existing commercial devices.
Modulating ATP binding cassette transporters in papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2 enhances its response to targeted molecular therapy
Authors: Saleeb Rola M. , Farag Mina , Lichner Zsuzsanna , Brimo Fadi , Bartlett Jenni , Bjarnason Georg , Finelli Antonio , Rontondo Fabio , Downes Michelle R. , Yousef George M. 
Published: June 2018

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the most common nonclear cell RCCs and is known to comprise two histological subtypes. PRCC2 is more aggressive and is molecularly distinct from the other subtypes. Despite this, PRCCs are treated together as one entity, and they show poor response to the current therapies that do not target pathways implicated in their pathogenesis. We have previously detected ABCC2 (an ABC transporter), VEGF, and mTOR pathways to be enriched in PRCC2. In this study, we assess the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways in PRCC2. Twenty RCC cell lines from the Cancer Cell Encyclopedia were compared to the Cancer Genome Atlas PRCC cohort (290), to identify representative PRCC2 cell lines. Cell lines were further validated in xenograft models. Selected cell lines were treated in vitro and in vivo (mice models) under five different conditions, untreated, anti‐VEGF (sunitinib), ABCC2 blocker (MK571), mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) and sunitinib + MK571. Sunitinib +ABCC2 blocker group showed a significant response to therapy compared to the other treatment groups both in vitro (P ≤ 0.0001) and in vivo (P = 0.0132). ABCC2 blockage resulted in higher sunitinib uptake, both in vitro (P = 0.0016) and in vivo (P = 0.0031). Everolimus group demonstrated the second best response in vivo. The double‐treatment group showed the highest apoptotic rate and lowest proliferation rate. There is an urgent need for individualized therapies of RCC subtypes that take into account their specific biology. Our results demonstrate that combined targeted therapy with sunitinib and ABCC2 blocker in PRCC2 has therapeutic potential. The results are likewise potentially significant for other ABCC2 high tumors. However, the results are preliminary and clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects in PRCC2 patients.
A dual fluorescence reporter system for high throughput screening of effectors of Kiss1 gene expression
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Wang Sijia , Lu Yanhua , Yin Huanhuan , Xiao Junhua , Li Kai , Ma Lei , Zhou Yuxun 
Published: June 2018

Kisspeptin is a multifunctional peptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene that plays critical roles in mammalian puberty onset modulation and fertility maintenance in the hypothalamus. Understanding how Kiss1 expression is regulated is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for these reproductive events. In this study, we constructed an in vitro dual fluorescence reporter system to facilitate high throughput screening of effectors influencing the expression of Kiss1. In GT1‐7 cells, an enhanced GFP gene was placed under the control of the Kiss1 gene regulatory elements and translated together with this gene. A tdTomato gene cassette was simultaneously introduced into the same cell for normalization of the fluorescence signal. After treatment with different effectors, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. We first tested the efficacy of the system using canonical regulators and then carried out high throughput functional screening to identify chemical compounds that can regulate Kiss1 gene expression. Of 22 tested compounds from natural sources, 13 significantly affected Kiss1 expression. Verification by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) assays and structural analysis identified two chalcone compounds as possible regulators of Kiss1 gene expression. This system may be suitable for gene functional analysis, drug screening and pharmaceutical studies.
Estimating the uncertainty of calculated out‐of‐field organ dose from a commercial treatment planning system
Authors: Wang Lilie , Ding George X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTherapeutic radiation to cancer patients is accompanied by unintended radiation to organs outside the treatment field. It is known that the model‐based dose algorithm has limitation in calculating the out‐of‐field doses. This study evaluated the out‐of‐field dose calculated by the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (v.11 with AAA algorithm) in realistic treatment plans with the goal of estimating the uncertainties of calculated organ doses. Photon beam phase‐space files for TrueBeam linear accelerator were provided by Varian. These were used as incident sources in EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport through the downstream jaws and MLC. Dynamic movements of the MLC leaves were fully modeled based on treatment plans using IMRT or VMAT techniques. The Monte Carlo calculated out‐of‐field doses were then compared with those calculated by Eclipse. The dose comparisons were performed for different beam energies and treatment sites, including head‐and‐neck, lung, and pelvis. For 6 MV (FF/FFF), 10 MV (FF/FFF), and 15 MV (FF) beams, Eclipse underestimated out‐of‐field local doses by 30%–50% compared with Monte Carlo calculations when the local dose was <1% of prescribed dose. The accuracy of out‐of‐field dose calculations using Eclipse is improved when collimator jaws were set at the smallest possible aperture for MLC openings. The Eclipse system consistently underestimates out‐of‐field dose by a factor of 2 for all beam energies studied at the local dose level of less than 1% of prescribed dose. These findings are useful in providing information on the uncertainties of out‐of‐field organ doses calculated by Eclipse treatment planning system.
Improved Charge Generation via Ultrafast Effective Hole‐Transfer in All‐Polymer Photovoltaic Blends with Large Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) Energy Offset and Proper Crystal Orientation
Authors: Jin Feng , Yuan Jianyu , Guo Wenping , Xu Yalong , Zhang Yannan , Sheng Chuanxiang , Ma Wanli , Zhao Haibin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImproved charge generation via fast and effective hole transfer in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) with large highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy offset (ΔEH) is revealed utilizing ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Blending the same nonfullerene acceptor poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene) (N2200) with three different donor polymers produces all‐polymer blends with different ΔEH. The selective excitation of N2200 component in blends enables to uncover the hole transfer process from hole polaron‐induced bleaching and absorption signals probed at different wavelength. As the ΔEH is enhanced from 0.14 to 0.37 eV, the hole transfer rate rises more than one order and the hole transfer efficiency increases from 12.9% to 86.8%, in agreement with the trend of internal quantum efficiency in the infrared region where only N2200 has absorption. Additionally, Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements indicate that face‐on crystal orientation in both polymer donor and acceptor also plays an important role in facilitating the charge generation via hole transfer in all‐PSCs. Hence, large ΔEH and proper crystal orientation should be considered in material design for efficient hole transfer in N2200‐based heterostructures. These results can provide valuable guidance for fabrication of all‐PSCs to further improve power conversion efficiency.
Skin Pigmentation‐Inspired Polydopamine Sunscreens
Authors: Wang Changping , Wang Dong , Dai Tianjiao , Xu Peng , Wu Peilun , Zou Yuan , Yang Peng , Hu Jingjing , Li Yiwen , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCommercial sunscreens usually rely on multiple component formulas against solar irradiation, including UV filters, antioxidants, and nanomaterial matrices. While many efforts are devoted, concern has arisen that the effectiveness and safety issues of most sunscreens are largely limited by their complex formulations, photostability, and toxicity. Inspired by skin pigmentation as primary photoprotective mechanism in human body, novel sunscreen products based on polydopamine (PDA) gels, with a bioinspired protection concept and improved photoprotective capacities, were rationally designed and facilely prepared. The diverse formula of those sunscreen gels can be achieved by the use of PDA nanoparticle, a kind of naturally melanin mimics, to complex/conjugate with different polymers. The resulting PDA sunscreens are bioadhesive, water resistant, and nonskin penetration, yet can be directly removed by towel wiping. They also perform many promising features including superior UV shielding properties, high in vitro and in vivo UV protection efficiencies, nonphototoxicity, and nonirritating nature. These PDA materials in an initial proof‐of‐concept study were described and it is proposed that this class of bioinspired gels will be useful for incident UV protection where simple, safe, and efficient sunscreens are still highly desirable.
Design of a Multispherical Cavity Carbon with In Situ Silica Modifications and Its Self‐Humidification Application on Fuel Cell Anode Support
Authors: Zhang Jiaxi , Liu Dandan , Hou Sanying , Du Li , Song Huiyu , Liao Shijun , Xue Min 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHere, the design and synthesis of a multispherical cavity carbon (MSCC) material with in situ silica modification and its application as anode catalyst supporter in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are reported. The synthetic method involves a template procedure, where 10–30 nm sized silica nanospheres coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (act as the substrate for aniline polymerization. Pyrolysis of the polymer layer and template etching lead to uniformly distributed MSCC materials. Both the pore sizes and the residue silica content in the inner cavities are controllable during the synthesis. It is further demonstrated that this MSCC material can be used as an anode catalyst supporter in PEMFC systems, where its self‐humidification properties result in enhanced durability. The MSCC‐supported anode exhibits only a 5.4% loss of current density and remains at 860 mA cm−2 after 10 h testing under nonhumidified condition, while commercial catalysts lost 25%. This justifies the promising application of MSCC in PEMFC systems.
Geometry‐Constrained Iminopyridyl Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes to Prepare Tri‐substituted Alkenes Using Alcohol as Reductant
Authors: Wu Ke , Sun Nan , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Jin Liqun , Hu Xinquan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe developed an efficient and straightforward method to prepare tri‐substituted alkenes through palladium‐catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes with aryl bromides. Diarylacetylenes and alkyl(aryl)acetylenes could be well hydroarylated with various aryl bromides in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggested that alcohol was the reductant to provide hydride through β‐H elimination. Gram scale reaction further demonstrated the practicality and efficiency of the newly developed strategy.magnified image
Metal‐free One‐pot Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridines from 2‐Hydrazinylpyridines
Authors: Reddy L. Madhava , Reddy V. Veerabadra , Prathima P. Sai , Reddy Ch. Krishna , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA metal‐free one‐pot strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridines through an oxidative cyclization of 2‐(2‐arylidenehydrazinyl)pyridines by utilizing molecular iodine in DMSO. This is the first report on the synthesis of 3‐aroyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridines directly from α‐aryl methyl ketones or ethyl benzoylacetate or styrenes or phenylacetylenes and 2‐hydrazinylpyridines via iodine promoted oxidative cyclization. The catalytic use of iodine makes this method quite simple, more convenient and economical. Moreover, this protocol showed broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and could override the usage of hazardous metal reagents.magnified image
Paracyclophane‐based Silver Phosphates as Catalysts for Enantioselective Cycloisomerization/Addition Reactions: Synthesis of Bicyclic Furans
Authors: Force Guillaume , Ki Yvette Lock Toy , Isaac Kévin , Retailleau Pascal , Marinetti Angela , Betzer Jean‐François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis manuscript discloses the first use of chiral phosphates based on C2‐symmetric paracyclophane scaffolds as chiral counterions in transition metal catalysis, showing that they may compare favorably with other known chiral phosphates, such as the TRIP phosphate. The targeted catalytic reaction is a silver(I) promoted domino heterocyclization of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐one derivatives, in the presence of C‐, or N‐nucleophiles, which provides an efficient access to substituted bicyclic furans. Results show that high levels of enantioselectivity can be attained with either paracyclophane‐based phosphates or TRIP phosphates, when the nucleophilic reactants display N‐H functions in appropriate positions, near to the nucleophilic center. Therefore, the involvement of H‐bonding between the NH function and the phosphate in the enantiodetermining step is postulated.magnified image
Prison employment and post‐traumatic stress disorder: Risk and protective factors
Authors: James Lois , Todak Natalie 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a sample of prison employees, investigate risk factors, and explore protective factors for PTSD.MethodsWe surveyed 355 Washington State Department of Corrections employees. The survey included the PTSD checklist for the DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), the Critical Incident History Questionnaire, and the Work Environment Inventory.ResultsWe found 19% of the sample met the criteria for diagnosable PTSD. Several risk factors were associated with a higher PCL‐5 score, including exposure to critical incidents, and having greater ambiguity in the job role. Being happy with job assignments and having positive relationships with supervisors and coworkers were associated with decreased PCL‐5 score.ConclusionsPrison employees have a PTSD rate equivalent to Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans and higher than police officers, suggesting the importance of developing programs for promoting resilience to stress, incorporating the knowledge gained on risk, and protective factors.