bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reductions in the subcallosal region cortical volume and surface area in major depressive disorder across the adult life span
Authors: Wei Dongtao , Wang Kangcheng , Meng Jie , Zhuang Kaixiang , Chen Qunlin , Yan Wenjing , Xie Peng , Qiu Jiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundImaging studies have shown that the subcallosal region (SCR) volume was decreased in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the volumetric reductions in the SCR are due to thinning of the cortex or a loss of surface area (SA) remains unclear. In addition, the relationship between cortical measurements of the SCR and age through the adult life span in MDD remains unclear.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional design from 114 individuals with MDD and 112 matched healthy control (HC) individuals across the adult life span (range: 18–74 years). The mean cortical volume (CV), SA and cortical thickness (CT) of the SCR were computed using cortical parcellation based on FreeSurfer software. Multivariate analyses of covariance models were performed to compare differences between the MDD and HC groups on cortical measurements of the SCR. Multiple linear regression models were used to test age-by-group interaction effects on these cortical measurements of the SCR.ResultsThe MDD had significant reductions in the CV and SA of the left SCR compared with HC individuals after controlling of other variables. The left SCR CV and SA reductions compared with matched controls were observed only in early adulthood patients. We also found a significant age-related CT reduction in the SCR both in the MDD and HC participants.ConclusionsThe SCR volume reduction was mainly driven by SA in MDD. The different trajectories between the CT and SA of the SCR with age may provide valuable information to distinguish pathological processes and normal ageing in MDD.
CAM-ADX: A New Genetic Algorithm with Increased Intensification and Diversification for Design Optimization Problems with Real Variables
Authors: Yasojima Edson Koiti Kudo , de Oliveira Roberto Célio Limão , Teixeira Otávio Noura , Pereira Rodrigo Lisbôa 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a modified genetic algorithm (GA) using a new crossover operator (ADX) and a novel statistic correlation mutation algorithm (CAM). Both ADX and CAM work with population information to improve existing individuals of the GA and increase the exploration potential via the correlation mutation. Solution-based methods offer better local improvement of already known solutions while lacking at exploring the whole search space; in contrast, evolutionary algorithms provide better global search in exchange of exploitation power. Hybrid methods are widely used for constrained optimization problems due to increased global and local search capabilities. The modified GA improves results of constrained problems by balancing the exploitation and exploration potential of the algorithm. The conducted tests present average performance for various CEC’2015 benchmark problems, while offering better reliability and superior results on path planning problem for redundant manipulator and most of the constrained engineering design problems tested compared with current works in the literature and classic optimization algorithms.
Pneumonia hospitalisation and case-fatality rates in older Australians with and without risk factors for pneumococcal disease: implications for vaccine policy
Authors: Dirmesropian S. , Liu B. , Wood J. G. , MacIntyre C. R. , McIntyre P. , Karki S. , Jayasinghe S. , Newall A. T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in substantial numbers of hospitalisations and deaths in older adults. There are known lifestyle and medical risk factors for pneumococcal disease but the magnitude of the additional risk is not well quantified in Australia. We used a large population-based prospective cohort study of older adults in the state of New South Wales (45 and Up Study) linked to cause-specific hospitalisations, disease notifications and death registrations from 2006 to 2015. We estimated the age-specific incidence of CAP hospitalisation (ICD-10 J12-18), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notification and presumptive non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisation (J13 + J18.1, excluding IPD), comparing those with at least one risk factor to those with no risk factors. The hospitalised case-fatality rate (CFR) included deaths in a 30-day window after hospitalisation. Among 266 951 participants followed for 1 850 000 person-years there were 8747 first hospitalisations for CAP, 157 IPD notifications and 305 non-invasive pneumococcal CAP hospitalisations. In persons 65–84 years, 54.7% had at least one identified risk factor, increasing to 57.0% in those ⩾85 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalisation in those ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor was twofold higher than in those without risk factors, 1091/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1060–1122) compared with 522/100 000 (95% CI 501–545) and IPD in equivalent groups was almost threefold higher (18.40/100 000 (95% CI 14.61–22.87) vs. 6.82/100 000 (95% CI 4.56–9.79)). The CFR increased with age but there were limited difference by risk status, except in those aged 45 to 64 years. Adults ⩾65 years with at least one risk factor have much higher rates of CAP and IPD suggesting that additional risk factor-based vaccination strategies may be cost-effective.
Modelling the epidemiologic impact of achieving UNAIDS fast-track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets in South Africa
Authors: Abuelezam N. N. , McCormick A. W. , Surface E. D. , Fussell T. , Freedberg K. A. , Lipsitch M. , Seage G. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUNAIDS established fast-track targets of 73% and 86% viral suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals by 2020 and 2030, respectively. The epidemiologic impact of achieving these goals is unknown. The HIV-Calibrated Dynamic Model, a calibrated agent-based model of HIV transmission, is used to examine scenarios of incremental improvements to the testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) continuum in South Africa in 2015. The speed of intervention availability is explored, comparing policies for their predicted effects on incidence, prevalence and achievement of fast-track targets in 2020 and 2030. Moderate (30%) improvements in the continuum will not achieve 2020 or 2030 targets and have modest impacts on incidence and prevalence. Improving the continuum by 80% and increasing availability reduces incidence from 2.54 to 0.80 per 100 person-years (−1.73, interquartile range (IQR): −1.42, −2.13) and prevalence from 26.0 to 24.6% (−1.4 percentage points, IQR: −0.88, −1.92) from 2015 to 2030 and achieves fast track targets in 2020 and 2030. Achieving 90-90-90 in South Africa is possible with large improvements to the testing and treatment continuum. The epidemiologic impact of these improvements depends on the balance between survival and transmission benefits of ART with the potential for incidence to remain high.
Dengue outbreaks: unpredictable incidence time series
Authors: Gabriel A.F.B. , Alencar A.P. , Miraglia S.G.E.K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDengue fever is a disease with increasing incidence, now occurring in some regions which were not previously affected. Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo, municipalities in São Paulo state, Brazil, have been highlighted due to the high dengue incidences especially after 2009 and 2013. Therefore, the current study aims to analyse the temporal behaviour of dengue cases in the both municipalities and forecast the number of disease cases in the out-of-sample period, using time series models, especially SARIMA model. We fitted SARIMA models, which satisfactorily meet the dengue incidence data collected in the municipalities of Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo. However, the out-of-sample forecast confidence intervals are very wide and this fact is usually omitted in several papers. Despite the high variability, health services can use these models in order to anticipate disease scenarios, however, one should interpret with prudence since the magnitude of the epidemic may be underestimated.
Implementing type theory in higher order constraint logic programming
Authors: GUIDI FERRUCCIO , SACERDOTI COEN CLAUDIO , TASSI ENRICO 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we are interested in high-level programming languages to implement the core components of an interactive theorem prover for a dependently typed language: the kernel – responsible for type-checking closed terms – and the elaborator – that manipulates open terms, that is terms containing unresolved unification variables.In this paper, we confirm that λProlog, the language developed by Miller and Nadathur since the 80s, is extremely suitable for implementing the kernel. Indeed, we easily obtain a type checker for the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC). Even more, we do so in an incremental way by escalating a checker for a pure type system to the full CIC.We then turn our attention to the elaborator with the objective to obtain a simple implementation thanks to the features of the programming language. In particular, we want to use λProlog’s unification variables to model the object language ones. In this way, scope checking, carrying of assignments and occur checking are handled by the programming language.We observe that the eager generative semantics inherited from Prolog clashes with this plan. We propose an extension to λProlog that allows to control the generative semantics, suspend goals over flexible terms turning them into constraints, and finally manipulate these constraints at the meta-meta level via constraint handling rules.We implement the proposed language extension in the Embedded Lambda Prolog Interpreter system and we discuss how it can be used to extend the kernel into an elaborator for CIC.
Pre-Stroke Frailty Is Independently Associated With Post-Stroke Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Taylor-Rowan Martin , Keir Ruth , Cuthbertson Gillian , Shaw Robert , Drozdowska Bogna , Elliott Emma , Evans Jonathan , Stott David , Quinn Terence J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is common, but mechanisms and risk factors are poorly understood. Frailty may be an important risk factor for cognitive impairment after stroke. We investigated the association between pre-stroke frailty and acute post-stoke cognition. Methods: We studied consecutively admitted acute stroke patients in a single urban teaching hospital during three recruitment waves between May 2016 and December 2017. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (min=0; max=12). A Frailty Index was used to generate frailty scores for each patient (min=0; max=100). Clinical and demographic information were collected, including pre-stroke cognition, delirium, and stroke-severity. We conducted univariate and multiple-linear regression analyses with covariates forced in (covariates included were: age, sex, stroke severity, stroke-type, pre-stroke cognitive impairment, delirium, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack) to investigate the association between pre-stroke frailty and post-stroke cognition. Results: Complete data were available for 154 stroke patients. Mean age was 68 years (SD=11; range=32–97); 93 (60%) were male. Median mini-Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 8 (IQR=4–12). Mean Frailty Index score was 18 (SD=11). Pre-stroke cognitive impairment was apparent in 13/154 (8%) patients. Pre-stroke frailty was significantly associated with lower post-stroke cognition (Standardized-Beta=−0.40; p&lt;0.001) and this association was independent of covariates (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.05; p=0.005). Additional significant variables in the multiple regression model were age (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.05; p=0.002), delirium (Unstandardized-Beta=−2.81; p&lt;0.001), pre-stroke cognitive impairment (Unstandardized-Beta=−2.28; p=0.001), and stroke-severity (Unstandardized-Beta=−0.20; p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Pre-stroke frailty may be a moderator of post-stroke cognition, independent of other well-established post-stroke cognitive impairment risk factors. (JINS, 2019, 25, 501–506)
The processing of input with differential object marking by heritage Spanish speakers
Authors: Jegerski Jill , Sekerina Irina A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeritage Spanish speakers and adult immigrant bilinguals listened to wh-questions with the differential object markera(quién/a quién‘who/whoACC’) while their eye movements across four referent pictures were tracked. The heritage speakers were less accurate than the adult immigrants in their verbal responses to the questions, leaving objects unmarked for case at a rate of 18%, but eye movement data suggested that the two groups were similar in their comprehension, with both starting to look at the target picture at the same point in the question and identifying the target sooner with a quién ‘whoACC’ than with quién ‘who’ questions.
An orientation-independent UHF rectenna array with a unified matching and decoupling RF network
Authors: Fantuzzi M. , Paolini G. , Shanawani M. , Costanzo A. , Masotti D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work describes the design of a rectenna array exploiting orthogonal, closely-spaced UHF monopoles for orientation-independent RF energy harvesting to energize a passive tag, designed for UWB localization, with wake-up radio (WUR) capabilities. To reach this goal, different RF networks are studied to simultaneously realize RF decoupling of the antenna elements and matching of the radiating elements to the non-linear network of rectifiers. The design is performed for a wide power range of the RF incoming signals that need to be exploited for both energizing the passive tag and for providing energy autonomy to a WUR sub-system, used to minimize the long-term power consumption during tag standby operations. Two meandered cross-polarized monopoles, located in close proximity, and thus highly coupled, are adopted for orientation-insensitive operations. The combining RF network is reactive and includes an unbalanced power divider to draw a fraction of the harvested energy to a secondary way for WUR operations. The performance of the harvester is first optimized by EM/non-linear co-design of the whole system over an interval of low RF power levels. The system has been realized and experimentally validated: the superior results obtained, in terms of both dc voltage and power, with respect to a standard single-monopole rectenna, justify the deployment of the presented tag for the energy autonomy of future generation radio-frequency identification tags for indoor localization.
Between a Rock and Hard Place: Combined Effects of Authentic Leadership, Organizational Identification, and Team Prototypicality on Managerial Prohibitive Voice
Authors: Monzani Lucas , Knoll Michael , Giessner Steffen , van Dick Rolf , Peiró José María 
Published: March 2019

AbstractManagers are installed by the organization’s stakeholders and shareholders to increase the organization’s value; at the same time, they depend on their subordinates’ acceptance to fulfill this leadership role. If the interest of the organization collides with the interest of their team, some managers act in the interest of their followers accepting potential disadvantages for their organizations and/or external stakeholders. In two experimental studies comprised mainly of German (N= 111) and US (N= 323) managers, we examined combined effects of authentic leadership, organizational identification, and self-perceived team prototypicality on managerial integrity operationalized as expressing work-related concerns to prevent organizations from harm (i.e., managerial voice). Our results show direct effects of authentic leadership and organizational identification on voice behavior across both studies. Furthermore, organizational identification increased voice for managers’ low in authentic leadership pointing at a compensation effect. Finally, leader team prototypicality decreased the effect of identification on voice for managers high in authentic leadership but increased voice for managers low in authentic leadership, but only if these managers identified with their organization. In sum, our findings complement prior research that focused mainly on safety and instrumentality concerns by emphasizing the relevance of self-related antecedents of managerial voice.
Three Issues in Multilevel Research
Authors: González-Romá Vicente 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, three important issues in organizational multilevel research are discussed and clarified, namely: (a) The interpretation of “cross-level direct effects” in theoretical and research multilevel models, (b) the specification of the emergence processes involved in higher-level constructs, and (c) the sample size recommendations for using multilevel statistical methods. By doing so, this article hopes to contribute to the improvement of organizational multilevel research.
Validity Study of the Swarm Horizontal Cross‐Track Ion Drift Velocities in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Lomidze Levan , Burchill Johnathan K. , Knudsen David J. , Kouznetsov Alexei , Weimer Daniel R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh‐latitude ionospheric plasma convection plays a fundamental role in determining many processes in the terrestrial ionosphere. Electric Field Instruments on the European Space Agency's three polar‐orbiting Swarm satellites measure ionospheric ion drift velocities at about 500 km altitude using thermal ion imager energy/angle‐of‐arrival electrostatic analyzers. Recently, European Space Agency released horizontal cross‐track components of these drifts, calibrated at high latitudes. This paper concerns the validation of the Swarm horizontal cross‐track ion drift measurements. All available Swarm‐A and Swarm‐B 2 Hz data between November 2015 and July 2017 were used and the climatology of high‐latitude ion convection was constructed and examined. Results were compared to corresponding climatology obtained from the Weimer 2005 empirical convection electric field model under different interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions in the northern and southern hemispheres, separately. The ion drift data sometimes exhibit large offsets at middle latitudes. However, following a recalibration of the drifts using a refinement of the offset removal, the Swarm cross‐track ion drift climatology agrees reasonably well statistically with the Weimer 2005 model, and properly responds to the changing geospace environment. The two results agree within about 200 m/s (root‐mean‐square deviation), however the correlations are higher for southward interplanetary magnetic field and in the northern hemisphere (rswarm‐A = 0.84, rswarm‐B = 0.77), for which the corresponding magnitudes of Swarm‐A and Swarm‐B drifts are ~14% and ~33% larger than the model estimates, respectively. The convection patterns seen in the revised Swarm horizontal cross‐track drift velocities are more structured than those obtained using the model, but overall no significant systematic errors are present.
Localized Changes in Heat Wave Properties Across the United States
Authors: Shafiei Shiva Javad , Chandler David G. , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeat waves are an important type of extreme climate event and directly result in more than 130 deaths per year across the United States. Heat waves have been described by several attributes and combinations which constitute various event typologies. Attributes of heat waves from 10 cities are analyzed over the period 1950–2016 to understand how these attributes determine variability in local heat waves and how climate change affects heat waves across the United States. This study uses eight definitions to differentiate heat waves and tests for temporal trends in key properties of heat waves over the period 1950–2016. At least five harmful attributes of heat waves have increased simultaneously for Dallas, Miami, New York, Phoenix, and Portland.Miami showed the greatest change in heat wave season length, frequency, and timing over the study period. Surprisingly, the greatest mean heat wave intensities above daily thresholds were for Bismarck, ND (+8.2 °C) and Syracuse, NY (+6.5 °C). Similar results across Baltimore, MD, Colorado Springs, CO, Dallas, TX, Des Moines, IA, Miami, FL, New York, NY, Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR, are presented to clarify the many quantitative differences in heat wave attributes and variance in quantification approaches across climates. This work explores the nexus of quantitative description and social construction of heat waves through the lens of the various regional metrics to describe heat waves. Ultimately, this assessment will guide the development of various strategies to help communities understand and prepare for heat resilience based on local heat wave components.
Causal Links on Interannual Timescale Between ENSO and the IOD in CMIP5 Future Simulations
Authors: Le Thanh , Bae Deg‐Hyo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere we investigate the causal links of interannual variability between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) RCP8.5 future simulations. The analyses account for possible simultaneous impacts of the southern annular mode and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall on future ENSO‐IOD connection. We found robust causal influence of ENSO on IOD for majority (14/22) of models. ENSO variations cause changes of tropical Indian Ocean zonal wind and sea surface temperature and thus directly influence IOD. However, the specific mechanisms of this impact remain elusive in multimodel point of view. The results show significant impact of IOD on ENSO in the 2006–2100 period for 10/22 models. These results suggest that ENSO influence on IOD is slightly more robust than vice versa. We emphasize the uncertainty in the two‐way future causal relationship between ENSO and IOD.
Model of Jupiter's Current Sheet With a Piecewise Current Density
Authors: Pensionerov I. A. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Cowley S. W. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe develop a new empirical model of Jupiter's equatorial current sheet or magnetodisk, constructed by combining successful elements from several previous models. The new model employs a disk‐like current of constant north‐south thickness in which the current density is piecewise dependent on the distance ρ from Jupiter's dipole axis, proportional to ρ−1 at distances between ∼7 and ∼30 RJ and again at distances between ∼50 and ∼95 RJ, and to be continuous in value but proportional to ρ−2 at distances between. For this reason we term the model the Piecewise Current Disk model. The model also takes into account the curvature of the magnetodisk with distance and azimuth due to finite radial propagation speed and solar wind effects. It is taken to be applicable in the radial distance range between ∼5 and ∼60 RJ. Optimized parameters have been determined for Juno magnetic field data obtained on Perijove‐01, with the model showing overall the lowest root‐mean‐square deviation from the data compared with similarly optimized earlier models.