bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis and its related risk factors among the undergraduate students of doctor of physical therapy in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Warisha , Khalid Khan Zainab , Paracha Hafsa 
Published: February 2019

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic progressive skeletal muscle disorder, which leads to an increased risk of fracture due to low mineral density. It is one of the major global health problems and most people are unaware of it. Education of OP was one of the key factors to reduce the risk from the society.
Methodology: This observational cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. A sample size of 252 was calculated through Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health (Open EPI) version 3.0 with a hypothesized frequency of 79.4% confident limit of 5%, design effect of 1% and confidence level of 95%. Undergraduate students of DPT i.e. 3rd to 5th-year students were research participants & those who already had some knowledge regarding OP via any kind of workshop and conference were excluded. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sampling purpose. OP was evaluated through OKAT scale. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was selected for data entry and analysis.
Result: Out of 252 participants, 81.3% of students were female while only 18.7% were males. According to our results, 20.6% students were found having poor knowledge regarding OP, 77% participants had satisfactory knowledge and only 2.4% students were having good knowledge regarding the awareness of OP and its related risk factors.
Conclusion: OP is a crucial health problem which is significantly rising in many countries, so the awareness regarding this progressive disorder is essential. Interventional programmes and campaigns should be held across the globe to increase awareness in society.
Computed tomogram image encoding for internet of things based systems
Authors: Siddiqui Ali Akbar , Qadri M Tahir , Zia Mohy-ud-din  
Published: February 2019

Background: In recent times, transmission of information over a wireless channel is increasing at an exponential rate. Applications based on IOT will exceed all form of data available over the internet, it can be in the form of data based on videos and images which alone size up to 70% of the global traffic.
Methodology: In this paper, an encoding technique based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) have been utilized to reduce information of a CT image that is unwanted or a human eye is unable to perceive. For medical images, preserving maximum information in order to properly diagnose any disease is important and for such application, the amount of quantization needed to gain an image with minimum error is to observe the Correlation index (CI).
Results: CI at 50% Quality Quantization Table (QQT) for image 1 was found to be 0.9981 and its size reduced to 0.403 MB, it means that the compressed image is 99.8% similar to the original image. But its similarity reduces with the increase in QQT, its size will also decrease by at this point quality will degrade too.
Conclusion: In order to store images on the drive, it is imperative to apply a compression technique. In this paper, a compression technique is proposed utilizing a DCT algorithm to reduce an image size with different QQT provided for quality assessment. Each image has a different set of information and to cater their differences this QQT can be manipulated for best possible quality with acceptable size on disk.
Identifying relationship of lipid profile with hypertension among diabetic patients
Authors: Alamgir Muhammad Ahmed , Alamgir Irum , Aqil Shafique , Ali Qazi Masroor , Imran Ali , Aslam Javeria , Hasan Humanyun 
Published: February 2019

Background: Relevant literature suggests that hypertension (HTN) is commonly linked with lipid abnormalities among diabetics so management of dyslipidaemia may reduce the cardiovascular complications significantly. The study was aimed to evaluate whether dyslipidaemia was associated with HTN among type 2 diabetics.
Methodology: This hospital-based, observational, retrospective and comparative study was carried out from January 2018 to June 2018 in the medical outdoor department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur. The study sample was comprised of 50 normotensive diabetic patients as control (group A) and 50 diabetic subjects with HTN were labeled as group B. Comparative values of lipids were primarily observed between the two groups. Quantitative demographic data, blood pressure (BP) recordings, laboratory values of lipid and serum sugar levels were presented as percentage, mean and standard deviation accordingly. To determine statistical assessment, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15 was used and Student t-test was applied to compare the means of two groups for lipoproteins with significance level at 5%.
Results: Analytic results of this study showed that hypertensive subjects (group B) had hyperlipidemia along with uncontrolled hyperglycemia as well. Among them, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) was 32.73±4.47mg/dl while in normotensive control (group A) it was 39±2.94 mg/dl. Same with the total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), both lipoproteins were observed in greater concentrations among hypertensive patients as 194.68±31.75mg/dl and 196.05±78.45mg/dl respectively, compared to control (179.07±38.61mg/dl and165.75±48.80mg/dl respectively). Hyperlipidaemia was defined according to guidelines for diabetic patients provided by the National Cholesterol Education Program /American Diabetes Association (NCEP/ADA).
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study results that diabetics having HTN have more susceptibility towards hyperlipidemia when compared to the normotensive diabetic.
Response of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir combination in Chronic Hepatitis C with Hemodialysis Pakistani Patients: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Ali Khan Rehmat , Ali Anwar , Khan Ali Yasir 
Published: February 2019

Background: Globally, Hepatitis C is the primary causes of acute and chronic hepatitis in end-stage renal disease patients and highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients. In Asia, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection has become a serious public health problem, whereas, in Pakistan, 26.02% hemodialysis patients are infected with HCV infection. The advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has brought HCV treatment into a revolutionized era. Among the approved DAAs, sofosbuvir (SOF) is the only one that has a significant renal elimination whereas daclatasvir (DAC) is not eliminated by the kidneys. The aims of the study were to assess the effectiveness and safety of SOF and DAC combination in HCV infected patients on Hemodialysis (HD) in the local population as per routine Pakistani practice.
Methodology: An observational, prospective, single-centre study was conducted from December 2017 till September 2018 at the Nawaz Sharif Kidney Hospital, Swat, Pakistan. Total 27 HCV- HD subjects on SOF/DAC regime for 12 weeks, were enrolled in the study. The study was conducted as per the ICH-GCP Guidelines. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Software version 19 and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: As per the results of 27 subjects’, (n= female 12, 44.5% and n = male 15, 55.5 %), 21 subjects were naive and 6 belonged to treatment experienced group with a mean age of 35.5±9.6 years. On SOF/DAC treatment for 12 weeks, the sustained virological response rate was 100% (27 of 27) at 12 weeks. 95% confidence interval, (95 to 100). No patients had a virologic failure during treatment. The reported adverse events (AE’s) were mainly nausea, headache and fatigue, no serious AE reported. Moreover, no treatment discontinuation due to side effects was observed.
Conclusions: The regime of full dose SOF and DAC therapy is well tolerated, safe and with a high rate of Sustained Viral Response (SVR) in both naive and treatment experienced group of HD Pakistani patients with HCV.
Toxic shock and mortality in a dialysis patient
Authors: Mehmood Akbar , Muhammad Imran  , Balkhair Abdullah 
Published: February 2019

Background: Staphylococcus and Streptococcal infections are a matter of serious concern in the dialysis population especially those having tunnel catheter access. Importance of these organisms is their virulent nature, higher incidence and prevalence in tunnel catheters resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease with multisystem involvement. This is a case of toxin-producing methicillin sensitive staph aureus (MSSA) which is known to have high mortality. A high degree of clinical suspicion and prompt management is necessary to avoid fatality. The aim of the study was to get the idea for the management of the toxic shock in terms of reducing the morbidity and mortality rate.
Case presentation: This case progressed to state of shock within few hours of presentation to emergency room and admission, attributed to be toxic shock with multi-organ failure.
Management and Results: In the management of the patient at the very beginning, the infected catheter was removed further aggressive resuscitation and empirical antibiotics were administered but this case resulted into a fatality.
Conclusion: The early action for source removal of the infection, appropriate antibiotic therapy and adjuvant therapy including clindamycin and immunoglobulin can effectively treat the toxic shock and its related complications.
Prefabricated direct composite veneer: with and without teeth preparation
Authors: Azam Muhammad Aliuddin  , Zafar Ali Jabeen , Sheikh Abubakar , Rashid Saqib 
Published: February 2019

Background: Componeer (prefabricated direct composite veneer) is a nano-hybrid composite enamel veneer that combines the advantages of both, placing a direct composite resin and those of a prefabricated laminate veneer manufactured in a laboratory. Any structural defects or anomalies in the anterior teeth or ‘esthetic zone’ create a problem for the patient. Hence, composite laminate veneers focus on targeting such abnormalities where the dentist is in complete control of the outcome, despite the pre-existing color, shape, structure, contours or morphology of the tooth. The aim of the study was to determine the success rate of using prefabricated direct composite veneers for cases with minimal preparation and ‘prep-less’ technique and compare both outcomes for establishing a better and long-lasting restoration.
Case presentation: The study presented two case reports, the first case was of a 46-year-old female with major complaints regarding spaces between upper teeth along with yellow discoloration. While the second i.e. Case 2 was of a 23 years old female with generalized spacing in her teeth due to microdontia and her chief complaint was the diastema present in between her upper front teeth.
Management and Results: A minimal preparation technique for composite veneering was used in Case 1 to combat the problem of yellow discoloration along with generalized spacing whereas a ‘prep-less’ technique was used for Case 2. Both cases depict different methods of composite veneering and restorations for both minimally prepared or ‘prep-less’ technique showed no differences at the follow-up visit (after 6-month).
Conclusion: Composite veneers have shown excellent results for restoring anterior defects while preserving tooth structure and surrounding tissues. It has proven to be the most time-efficient way of restorations meeting the high demands of superior esthetics and cost-effectiveness.
La Gerencia de las Direcciones de Cultura y la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria desde una Cosmovisión Integrativa
Authors: García Arévalo Sandra Isabel 
Published: February 2019

La universidad, como organización responsable, mediante su función extensionista produce impactos, posee una Responsabilidad Social directamente relacionada con la misión universitaria y sus procesos de gestión. El propósito de este estudio es generar un constructo teórico sobre la gerencia de las Direcciones de Cultura y la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria desde una cosmovisión integrativa. El proceso investigativo se cimentó en un enfoque cualitativo, postura paradigmática emergente aclarativa, sustentada en el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Se utilizó la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad, el tratamiento de la información se realizó mediante la categorización, codificación y triangulación, permitiendo la interpretación del fenómeno investigado y generar un constructo teórico desde los fundamentos epistemológicos, ontológicos, axiológicos, filosóficos, praxeológicos y teleológicos relacionados con la gerencia de las Direcciones de Cultura y la responsabilidad social, a partir de las experiencias de cada informante clave, desde una cosmovisión integrativa. La extensión cultural permite formar a estudiantes y comunidades en conocimientos, saberes y experiencias, en el ámbito universitario, desde un aprendizaje multidisciplinario. Se concluye que las universidades deben proporcionar espacios de intercambio entre conocimientos y saberes con una postura crítica y creativa para la formación integral e interdisciplinaria dirigida al bienestar físico y mental, fortificando la formación profesional, el accionar, científico, cultural, tecnológico y ambiental hacia el beneficio de la colectividad.
Estrategias Ambientales para la Mejora de las Áreas Verdes en Ciudad Tavacare, Estado Barinas
Authors: Piña Retamoza Lenies Jesús 
Published: February 2019

Las áreas verdes son el punto de partida para un poblado, ya que estas representan la mayor depuración de cualquier hecho contaminante que suscite en el entorno, producto de las distintas causas entre las que se encuentra crecimiento demográfico, insuficiencia en programas ambientales, indiferencia humana ante los problemas del ambiente, entre otros; la cual incide en la formación integral del hombre, ya que este necesita equilibrio ambiental, es decir hombre-naturaleza. Por tanto, dicho comportamiento ha llevado a reducir y generar un deterioro ambiental. El objetivo principal presentado en este trabajo se enmarca en desarrollar estrategias ambientales para la mejora de las áreas verdes, del sector “C,” Terraza Consejo Comunal 28 de julio en Ciudad Tavacare, ubicado en el Municipio Barinas, estado Barinas, la metodología utilizada es de índole cuantitativa, el tipo de investigación es proyecto factible con diseño de campo. El instrumento aplicado para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario para obtención de los resultados. La población estudiada son 192 sujetos y la muestra quedó representada con 57 sujetos, por otro lado, la confiabilidad quedo demostrada luego de la tabulación del instrumento con un resultado de 0,92. En este sentido, la conclusión se abordó en función a los objetivos sugeridos en la investigación, pues la aplicación de técnicas ambientales contribuyen al mejoramiento, de las áreas verdes a corto plazo, tal es el caso que se presenta en el complejo urbanístico Ciudad Tavacare, donde las áreas verdes son un espacio que se han venido eliminando progresivamente, pues los habitantes del sector no realizan ninguna estrategias para mantenerlas, donde aportan beneficios para sus habitantes y visitantes tanto por la estética del lugar como el esparcimiento que brindan las áreas verdes.
KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN STROKE DI POLIKLINIK RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Larasati Hana , Marlina Theresia Titin 
Published: February 2019

Background: stroke is a disorder of nervous system function that occurs suddenly and is caused by brain bleeding disorders that can affect the quality of life physical dimensions, social dimensions, psychological dimensions, environmental dimensions. Based on the result of Lumbu study (2015) the number of samples were 71 people collected data using the (WHOQOL-BREF). There were 56 people (78,9%) had the poor quality of life of post stroke. The mean of post-stroke quality of life domain was physical domain (45,27%), psychological domain (49,87%), social relations domain (48,15%) and environmental domain (50.01%).
Objective: the purpose of the study was know the quality of life of the stroke patients in Outpatient Polyclinic of Private Hospital in Yogyakarta.
Methods: used descriptive quantitative by using questionnaire test of purposive sampling system based on patients who have been affected of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke before, number 30 respondents.
Result: quality of life of stroke patient of medium physical dimension (67%), psychological dimension (71%), social dimension (67%), dimension good environment (63%).
Conclusion: the quality of life of stroke patients of physical dimension, psychological dimension, and moderate social dimension, while the quality of life of stroke patients were good environmental dimension.

Keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, quality of life
The Strenght of Socio-Affective Strategy With Skype Video Call in the Teaching Speaking
Authors: Virdaus Varia Virdania 
Published: February 2019

To speak English for most Indonesian students is not an easy matter. Many of them feel shy and lack of confidence. That is why the teachers should use an appropriate strategy to help them improve their speaking ability. This study was a quasi- experiment applying non- randomized control group pre-test post-test design and the subjects of which were the students of Management Class of STIE Perbanas Surabaya. The researcher took two classes of the first semester. They were Class O.2 having 25 students as a control group, and class B.1 having 26 students as an Experimental group. The study has proved that socio affective strategy with Skype is more effective than conventional strategy when used in the teaching speaking and the students who were taught using socio affective strategy with Skype could be more interested to communicate with English language
Peran Guru dalam Pencegahan Bullying di PAUD
Authors: Arumsari Andini Dwi , Setyawan Dedi 
Published: February 2019

Bullying is social behaviour that commonly happened in educational environment. Bullying involves student as the actor, victim, and bystander. This behaviour stimulates various negative impacts not only for victim but also the actor. When bullying happens in early childhood education, educator plays essential role to recognise, identify, and prevent it. The present study aims to elaborate the important of educator role in preventing bullying that may occur in early childhood education. The present study uses literature review in order to gain information that are related to bullying in early childhood education. moreover, the present study also conducts interview with various educators to gain valid data regarding this behaviour. The present study shows that educators recognise violent acts that are conducted by their student but unfortunately they are not able to identify whether those actions can be determined as bullying toward early childhood children. Moreover, this violent action is a stimulus which can lead a children in conducting juvenile delinquency in the near future for the actor. Therefore, early childhood educator holds essential role in preventing bullying acts for early childhood children in order to prevent this behaviour becomes a habit.
An Overview of Fingerprint Patterns among Students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Hirachan N , Shrestha R , Koju S , Limbu D 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Fingerprint system of positive identification is based on the principle that the arrangement and distribution of fingerprint re­mains constant and persists throughout life and that the patterns of no two hands resemble each other.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 250 students (125 male and 125 female students), aged 17 - 40 years of age, of Gan­daki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from 15 March to 13 April, 2017 A.D. The fingertip patterns of both hands were collected and identified with the aid of a magnifying glass and documented as: Loops, Whorls, Arches and Composite type. The data were enrolled in SPSS version 16 and analyzed accordingly.
Results: There was a preponderance of loop pattern (52.6%) followed by whorls (39.4%), arches (7.3%) and composite (0.6%). Whorls (41.7%) were more common in males compared to females (37.1%) and females had more arches (9.6%) compared to that of the male counter­parts (5.04%). There was no significant difference in fingerprint pat­terns among male and female students.
Conclusion: The predominance of loops amongst other fingerprint patterns along with no significant gender differences in fingerprint pat­terns can be considered as a valuable research finding in the field of forensic science.
Fetal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated with Polyhydraminos: Study Done in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Gurung SD , Shrestha J , Shrestha A , Subedi A , Gyawali M , Nagila A 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Amniotic fluid plays an important role in the development of fetus. Any abnormality in the production amniotic fluid may have adverse effect on the fetus and the mother. Polyhydraminos is one of the common complications occurring during pregnancy and complicates around 0.2 - 2% of pregnancies.
Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from January 2013 to December 2015. All the pregnant ladies irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid index (AFI) 25 cm or more were enrolled for the study. According to the AFI, polyhydraminos was classified as mild (25 – 30 cm), moderate (30.1 - 35 cm) and severe (>35 cm). Fetal outcome, mode of delivery, presence of congenital anomalies, NICU admission and maternal glucose intolerance were recorded.
Results: Out of 8232 deliveries, 24 were diagnosed and admitted with the diagnosis of polyhydraminos. Mild polyhydraminos, 50% (n=12) occurred after 37 weeks of gestation and 12.5% (n=3) had severe polyhydraminos. All pregnant ladies 50% (n=12), beyond 37 weeks gestation had cesarean section, whereas 25% (n=6) had vaginal deliveries. 33.3% (n=8) had preterm labor, 12.5% (n=3) had premature rupture of membrane, 25% (n=6) had congenital anomalies, one IUFD, one case of Rh isoimmunisation and one case of twin pregnancy. NICU admission needed in 20.5% (n=5). Pregnant ladies with impaired glucose intolerance were 8.3% (n=2).
Conclusions: Polyhydraminos is associated with increased incidence of cesarean section, preterm labor, fetal malformation and NICU admission.
Association of the Level of Knowledge Regarding Effects of Alcoholism with Selected Demographic Variables of Rural Adults
Authors: Sah I 
Published: February 2019

Background: Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol abuse and involves the inability to manage drinking habits. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is organized into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Each category has various symptoms and can cause harmful side effects. If left untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can spiral out of control.
Objectives: To assess the demographic variables of rural adults, to associate the level of knowledge regarding effects of alcoholism with selected demographic variables of rural adults.
Methods: A Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The structured interview schedule was developed to collect data. The study was conducted at Challaghatta Village, Bangalore, Karnataka, India and the data collected was analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The associated pre-test level of knowledge regarding the effects of alcoholism among rural adults with their demographic variables in the study is non significant with the demographic variables at p> 0.05 level.
Conclusion: The present study found that there is no significant association between the demographic variables and level of knowledge among rural adults regarding effects of alcoholism.