bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated thawing increases recovery of colony‐forming units from banked cord blood unit grafts
Authors: Muñiz Alers Saisha M. , Page Kristin , Simmons Ryan , Waters‐Pick Barbara , Cheatham Lynn , Troy Jesse D. , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe cell dose infused for cord blood transplantation strongly correlates with outcomes following transplantation. Post thaw recoveries can be improved by washing cord blood units (CBUs) in dextran/albumin. Early methods used a labor‐intensive manual process. We have recently developed and validated an automated washing method. We now report our results of a study comparing cellular recoveries achieved after manual and automated wash, as well as the impact on engraftment following allogeneic transplantation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCBUs distributed by the Carolinas Cord Blood Bank for clinical use at Duke University after manual or automated wash were included in this report. Precryopreservation total nucleated cell count, total CD34+, colony‐forming units, recoveries, and sterility were analyzed by wash method. Patient age, cell dose/weight, diagnosis, conditioning regimen, immunosuppression, and time to neutrophil engraftment were also analyzed.RESULTSManual and automated washed CBUs yielded similar total nucleated cell count and total CD34+ recoveries. Significantly higher colony‐forming units recoveries were achieved after automated washing. Patients who received CBUs washed via an automated method experienced earlier neutrophil engraftment.CONCLUSIONWhile manual and automated washing achieved similar post thaw cellular recoveries, automated washed CBUs demonstrated higher colony‐forming unit recovery, which is an important predictor of potency and engraftment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that automated washing was associated with earlier neutrophil engraftment. Our findings favor the use of an automated wash method over a manual approach.
Neurocardiac regulation: from cardiac mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Bardsley E. N. , Paterson D. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCardiac sympathetic overactivity is a well‐established contributor to the progression of neurogenic hypertension and heart failure, yet the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of acutely regulated cyclic nucleotides and their effectors in the control of intracellular calcium and exocytosis. Emerging evidence now suggests that a significant component of sympathetic overactivity and enhanced transmission may arise from impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling, resulting from compromised phosphodiesterase activity, as well as alterations in receptor‐coupled G‐protein activation. In this review, we address some of the key cellular and molecular pathways that contribute to sympathetic overactivity in hypertension and discuss their potential for therapeutic targeting.
Relationships Between Outdoor Time, Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Body Mass Index in Children: A 12-Country Study
Authors: Larouche Richard , Mire Emily F. , Belanger Kevin , Barreira Tiago V. , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Fogelholm Mikael , Hu Gang , Lambert Estelle V. , Maher Carol , Maia José , Olds Tim , Onywera Vincent , Sarmiento Olga L. , Standage Martyn , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Tremblay Mark S. , _ _ 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9–11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: −6.3 min/d; girls: −5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low- and middle-income countries.
Method-Dependent Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Detection of Triazole Resistance in
Candida
and
Aspergillus
Species for the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Broth and Etest Agar Diffusion Methods
Authors: Espinel-Ingroff A. , Turnidge J. , Alastruey-Izquierdo A. , Botterel F. , Canton E. , Castro C. , Chen Y.-C. , Chen Y. , Chryssanthou E. , Dannaoui E. , Garcia-Effron G. , Gonzalez G. M. , Govender N. P. , Guinea J. , Kidd S. , Lackner M. , Lass-Flörl C. , Linares-Sicilia M. J. , López-Soria L. , Magobo R. , Pelaez T. , Quindós G. , Rodriguez-Iglesia M. A. , Ruiz M. A. , Sánchez-Reus F. , Sanguinetti M. , Shields R. , Szweda P. , Tortorano A. , Wengenack N. L. , Bramati S. , Cavanna C. , DeLuca C. , Gelmi M. , Grancini A. , Lombardi G. , Meletiadis J. , Negri C. E. , Passera M. , Peman J. , Prigitano A. , Sala E. , Tejada M. 
Published: October 2018

Although the Sensititre Yeast-One (SYO) and Etest methods are widely utilized, interpretive criteria are not available for triazole susceptibility testing of
Candida
or
Aspergillus
species. We collected fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole SYO and Etest MICs from 39 laboratories representing all continents for (method/agent-dependent) 11,171
Candida albicans
, 215
C. dubliniensis
, 4,418
C. glabrata
species complex, 157
C.
guilliermondii
(
Meyerozyma guilliermondii
), 676
C. krusei
(
Pichia kudriavzevii
), 298
C.
lusitaniae
(
Clavispora lusitaniae
), 911
C.
parapsilosis
sensu stricto
, 3,691
C.
parapsilosis
species complex, 36
C.
metapsilosis
, 110
C.
orthopsilosis
, 1,854
C.
tropicalis
, 244
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, 1,409
Aspergillus fumigatus
, 389
A.
flavus
, 130
A.
nidulans
, 233
A.
niger
, and 302
A.
terreus
complex isolates.
Undernutrition, obesity and governance: a unified framework for upholding the right to food
Authors: Bump Jesse B 
Published: October 2018

This paper addresses the need for conceptual and analytic clarity on nutrition governance, an essential underpinning of more effective approaches for undernutrition, the ‘single greatest constraint to global development' and obesity, which already accounts for 4% of the world’s disease burden and is growing rapidly.The governance of nutrition, which is essential to designing and implementing policies to realise the right to food, is among the most important and most defining duties of society. But research and action on nutrition governance are hampered by the absence of conceptual rigour, even as the continuing very high burden of undernutrition and the rapid rise in obesity highlight the need for such structures. The breadth of nutrition itself suggests that governance is both needed and sure to be complicated.This analysis explores the reasons attention has come to governance in development policy making, and why it has focused on nutrition governance in particular. It then assesses how the concept of nutrition governance has been used, finding that it has become increasingly prominent in scholarship on poor nutritional outcomes, but remains weakly specified and is invoked by different authors to mean different things. Undernutrition analysts have stressed coordination problems and structural issues related to the general functioning of government. Those studying obesity have emphasised international trade policies, regulatory issues and corporate behaviour.This paper argues that the lack of a clear, operational definition of governance is a serious obstacle to conceptualising and solving major problems in nutrition. To address this need, it develops a unified definition of nutrition governance consisting of three principles: accountability, participation and responsiveness. These are justified with reference to the social contract that defines modern nations and identifies citizens as the ultimate source of national power and legitimacy. A unified framework is then employed to explore solutions to nutrition governance problems.
Cohort Study of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (COSMOTB) identifying drug-resistant mutations: protocol for a prospective observational study in Korea
Authors: Min Jinsoo , Chung Chaeuk , Lim Jinsook , Park Jong Hyock , Shin Kyeong Seob , Jung Sung-Soo , Lee Ki Man 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionDrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global concern. The proper diagnosis and management of drug-resistant TB are critical for improving treatment outcome. Molecular-based genotypic drug-susceptibility testing (DST) was developed to identify drug-resistant TB; however, discordant results from phenotypic and genotypic DST analyses have alarmed clinicians and raised concerns about the test’s utility. Moreover, the characteristics of disputed mutations are not well studied and only based on retrospective study findings.Methods and analysisWe describe a 28-month prospective observational cohort study ongoing at two university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea. The cohort study will enrol and evaluate 600 adults with pulmonary TB. Relevant clinical and epidemiological data will be collected prospectively and participants will be evaluated at each hospital during anti-TB treatment to identify factors associated with TB treatment outcomes. Respiratory specimens will be collected at select visits. After generating a well-characterised cohort, patterns of drug resistance on both phenotypic and genotypic DSTs and associated mutations including the disputed mutation will be evaluated. We will also identify various clinical and socioeconomic factors that affect the causes of drug resistance and their clinical outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol is approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Chungbuk National University Hospital and Chungnam National University Hospital. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberKCT0002594.
Detection and treatment initiation for depression and alcohol use disorders: facility-based cross-sectional studies in five low-income and middle-income country districts
Authors: Rathod Sujit D , Roberts Tessa , Medhin Girmay , Murhar Vaibhav , Samudre Sandesh , Luitel Nagendra P , Selohilwe One , Ssebunnya Joshua , Jordans Mark J D , Bhana Arvin , Petersen Inge , Kigozi Fred , Nakku Juliet , Lund Crick , Fekadu Abebaw , Shidhaye Rahul 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of adult primary care outpatients who are clinically detected and initiate treatment for depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.DesignFive cross-sectional studies.SettingAdult outpatient services in 36 primary healthcare facilities in Sodo District, Ethiopia (9 facilities); Sehore District, India (3); Chitwan District, Nepal (8); Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, South Africa (3); and Kamuli District, Uganda (13).ParticipantsBetween 760 and 1893 adults were screened in each district. Across five districts, between 4.2% and 20.1% screened positive for depression and between 1.2% and 16.4% screened positive for AUD. 96% of screen-positive participants provided details about their clinical consultations that day.Primary outcomesDetection of depression, treatment initiation for depression, detection of AUD and treatment initiation for AUD.ResultsAmong depression screen-positive participants, clinical detection of depression ranged from 0% in India to 11.7% in Nepal. Small proportions of screen-positive participants received treatment (0% in Ethiopia, India and South Africa to 4.2% in Uganda). Among AUD screen-positive participants, clinical detection of AUD ranged from 0% in Ethiopia and India to 7.8% in Nepal. Treatment was 0% in all countries aside Nepal, where it was 2.2%.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest large detection and treatment gaps for adult primary care patients, which are likely contributors to the population-level mental health treatment gap in LMIC. Primary care facilities remain unfulfilled intervention points for reducing the population-level burden of disease in LMIC.
Is care based on comprehensive geriatric assessment with mobile teams better than usual care? A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (The GerMoT study)
Authors: Ekdahl Anne Wissendorff , Axmon Anna , Sandberg Magnus , Steen Carlsson Katarina 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionComprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process used to determine the medical, psychological and functional capabilities of frail older people. The primary aim of our current study is to confirm whether CGA-based outpatient care is superior than usual care in terms of health-related outcomes, resource use and costs.Methods and analysisThe Geriatric Mobile Team trial is designed as a single-centre randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded (at baseline) trial. All participants will be identified via local healthcare registries with the following inclusion criteria: age ≥75 years, ≥3 different diagnoses and ≥3 visits to the emergency care unit (with or without admittance to hospital) during the past 18 months. Nursing home residency will be an exclusion criterion. Baseline assessments will be done before the 1:1 randomisation. Participants in the intervention group will, after an initial CGA, have access to care given by a geriatric team in addition to usual care. The control group receives usual care only. The primary outcome is the total number of inpatient days during the follow-up period. Assessments of the outcomes: mortality, quality of life, health care use, physical functional level, frailty, dependence and cognition will be performed 12 and 24 months after inclusion. Both descriptive and analytical statistics will be used, in order to compare groups and for analyses of outcomes over time including changes therein. The primary outcome will be analysed using analysis of variance, including in-transformed values if needed to achieve normal distribution of the residuals.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained and the results will be disseminated in national and international journals and to health care leaders and stakeholders. Protocol amendments will be published in ClinicalTrials.gov as amendments to the initial registrationNCT02923843. In case of success, the study will promote the implementation of CGA in outpatient care settings and thereby contribute to an improved care of older people with multimorbidity through dissemination of the results through scientific articles, information to politicians and to the public.Trial registration numberNCT02923843; Pre-results.
Initial treatment of steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children with mycophenolate mofetilversusprednisone: protocol for a randomised, controlled, multicentre trial (INTENT study)
Authors: Ehren Rasmus , Benz Marcus R , Doetsch Jorg , Fichtner Alexander , Gellermann Jutta , Haffner Dieter , Höcker Britta , Hoyer Peter F , Kästner Bärbel , Kemper Markus J , Konrad Martin , Luntz Steffen , Querfeld Uwe , Sander Anja , Toenshoff Burkhard , Weber Lutz T 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionIdiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease in childhood with an incidence of 1.8 cases per 100 000 children in Germany. The treatment of the first episode implies two aspects: induction of remission and sustainment of remission. The recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, American Academy of Pediatrics and German guidelines for the initial treatment of the first episode of a nephrotic syndrome recommend a 12-week course of prednisone. Despite being effective, this treatment is associated with pronounced glucocorticoid-associated toxicity due to high-dose prednisone administration over a prolonged period of time. The aim of the INTENT study (Initial treatment of steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrom in children with mycophenolate mofetil versus prednisone: protocol for a randomised, controlled, multicentre trial) is to show that an alternative treatment regimen with mycophenolic acid is not inferior regarding sustainment of remission, but with lower toxicity compared with treatment with glucocorticoids only.Methods and designThe study is designed as an open, randomised, controlled, multicentre trial. 340 children with a first episode of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and who achieved remission by a standard prednisone regimen will be enrolled in the trial and randomised to one of two treatment arms. The standard care group will be treated with prednisone for a total of 12 weeks; in the experimental group the treatment is switched to mycophenolate mofetil, also for a total of 12 weeks in treatment duration. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of a treated relapse within 24 months after completion of initial treatment.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this trial was granted by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg (AFmu-554/2014). The study results will be published in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines. Our findings will be submitted to major international paediatric nephrology and general paediatric conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed, open-access journal.Trial registration numberDRKS0006547; EudraCT2014-001991-76; Pre-result.Date of registration30 October 2014; 24 February 2017.
Economic burden of hospitalisation for congestive heart failure among adults in the Philippines
Authors: Tumanan-Mendoza Bernadette A , Mendoza Victor L , Bermudez-Delos Santos April Ann A , Punzalan Felix Eduardo R , Pestano Noemi S , Natividad Rudy Boy , Shiu Louie Alfred , Macabeo Renelene , Lam Hilton Y 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesHospitalisation for congestive heart failure (CHF) was reported to be 1648 cases for every 100 000 patient claims in 2014 in the Philippines; however, there are no data regarding its economic impact. This study determined CHF hospitalisation cost and its total economic burden. It compared the healthcare-related hospitalisation cost from the societal perspective with the payer’s perspective, the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).MethodsThis is a cost analysis study. Data were obtained from representative government/private hospitals and a drugstore in all regions of the country. Healthcare costs included cost of diagnostics/treatment, professional fees and other CHF-related hospital charges, while non-healthcare costs included production losses, transportation and food expenses.ResultsThe overall mean healthcare-related cost for CHF hospitalisation (class III) in government hospitals in the Philippines in 2014 was PHP19 340–PHP28 220 (US$436–US$636). In private hospitals, it was PHP28 370–PHP41 800 (US$639–US$941). In comparison, PhilHealth’s coverage/CHF case rate payment is PHP15 700 (US$354). The mean non-healthcare cost was PHP10 700–PHP14 600 (US$241–US$329). Using PhilHealth’s case rate payment and the prevalence of CHF hospitalisation in 2014, the total economic burden was PHP691 522 200 (US$15 574 824). Using the study results on healthcare-related cost meant that the total economic burden for CHF hospitalisation would instead be PHP851 850 000–PHP1 841 563 000 (US$19 185 811–US$41 476 644).ConclusionsThe calculated healthcare-related hospitalisation cost for CHF in the Philippines in 2014 demonstrates the disparity between the actual cost and PhilHealth’s coverage. This implies a need for policymakers to review its coverage to make healthcare delivery affordable.
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of small FemVn (m + n ≤ 6) clusters: First-principles calculation
Authors: Shan R. , Lv Jin , Wu H. S. 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of small Fe[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text] (m+n [Formula: see text] 6) clusters have been investigated systematically within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation density-functional theory. The results indicate that the low lying isomers of Fe[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text] alloy clusters all present the classical closely packed geometries with different chemical order when m + n [Formula: see text] 4; the ground state structures prefer to form the Fe–V as much as possible in small proportion V doping. The binding energy of Fe[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text] clusters always increases with the successive V substitution. The V atom mono-doped and bi-doped make the magnetism of Fe[Formula: see text] clusters decrease 7 [Formula: see text], respectively. With V atom doping increasing, the magnetism presents an overall decreased tendency. The magnetic order bewteen Fe and V atoms undergoes a transition from antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe-rich clusters to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic couplings in V-rich clusters, and the atom net charge usually transfer from V to Fe atom in Fe[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text] alloy clusters.