bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Transsylvian Transcisternal and Transinferior Insular Sulcus Approach for Resection of Uncohippocampal Tumor: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Fernandez-Miranda Juan C 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The medial temporal lobe can be divided in anterior, middle, and posterior segments. The anterior segment is formed by the uncus and hippocampal head, and it has extra and intraventricular structures. There are 2 main approaches to the uncohippocampal region, the anteromedial temporal lobectomy (Spencer's technique) and the transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (Yasargil's technique).
In this video, we present the case of a 29-yr-old man with new onset of generalized seizures and a contrast-enhancing lesion in the left anterior segment of the medial temporal lobe compatible with high-grade glioma. He had a medical history of cervical astrocytoma at age 8 requiring craniospinal radiation therapy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.
The tumor was approached using a combined transsylvian transcisternal and transinferior insular sulcus approach to the extra and intraventricular aspects of the uncohippocampal region. It was resected completely, and the patient was neurologically intact after resection with no further seizures at 6-mo follow-up. The diagnosis was glioblastoma IDH-wild type, for which he underwent adjuvant therapy.
Surgical anatomy and technical nuances of this approach are illustrated using a 3-dimensional video and anatomic dissections. The selective approach, when compared to an anteromedial temporal lobectomy, has the advantage of preserving the anterolateral temporal cortex, which is particularly relevant in dominant-hemisphere lesions, and the related fiber tracts, including the inferior fronto-occipital and inferior longitudinal fascicles, and most of the optic radiation fibers. The transsylvian approach, however, is technically and anatomically more challenging and potentially carries a higher risk of vascular injury and vasospasm.
Page 1 and figures from Fernández-Miranda JC et al, Microvascular Anatomy of the Medial Temporal Region: Part 1: Its Application to Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery, Operative Neurosurgery, 2010, Volume 67, issue 3, ons237-ons276, by permission of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (1:26-1:37 in video).
Page 1 from Fernández-Miranda JC et al, Three-Dimensio-nal Microsurgical and Tractographic Anatomy of the White Matter of the Human Brain, Neurosurgery, 2008, Volume 62, issue suppl_3, SHC989-SHC1028, by permission of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (1:54-1:56 in video).
The Divergent Evolution of Arthropod Brains
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Occasionally, fossils recovered from lower and middle Cambrian sedimentary rocks contain the remains of nervous system. These residues reveal the symmetric arrangements of brain and ganglia that correspond to the ground patterns of brain and ventral ganglia of four major panarthropod clades existing today: Onychophora, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Pancrustacea. Comparative neuroanatomy of living species and studies of fossils suggest that highly conserved neuronal arrangements have been retained in these four lineages for more than a half billion years, despite some major transitions of neuronal architectures. This chapter will review recent explorations into the evolutionary history of the arthropod brain, concentrating on the subphylum Pancrustacea, which comprises hexapods and crustaceans, and on the subphylum Chelicerata, which includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, and spiders. Studies of Pancrustacea illustrate some of the challenges in ascribing homology to centers that appear to have corresponding organization, whereas Chelicerata offers clear examples of both divergent cerebral evolution and convergence.
Perceptual Processes in Orchestration
Authors: Goodchild Meghan , McAdams Stephen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The study of timbre and orchestration in music research is underdeveloped, with few theories to explain instrumental combinations and orchestral shaping. This chapter will outline connections between the orchestration practices of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and perceptual principles based on recent research in auditory scene analysis and timbre perception. Analyses of orchestration treatises and musical scores reveal an implicit understanding of auditory grouping principles by which many orchestral effects and techniques function. We will explore how concurrent grouping cues result in blended combinations of instruments, how sequential grouping into segregated melodies or stratified (foreground and background) layers is influenced by timbral similarities and dissimilarities, and how segmental grouping cues create formal boundaries and expressive gestural shaping through changes in instrumental textures. This exploration will be framed within an examination of historical and contemporary discussion of orchestral effects and techniques.
Don’t Choose the Nightingale
Authors: Schwartz Arman 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
“I Pini del Gianicolo,” the third movement of Ottorino Respighi’s Pini di Roma (1924), is the first symphonic composition to feature a phonograph record alongside more conventional orchestral instruments, a peculiar innovation debated by both early listeners and more recent scholars. This chapter seeks to capture Respighi’s use of a pre-recorded nightingale within a wide interpretive net, considering the status of orchestration and signification in early twentieth-century instrumental and dramatic music; the medial history of Respighi’s nightingale; as well as other attempts to combine the animal, mechanical, and musical in the months around the work’s premiere. Birdsong—real, represented, and recorded—might prompt further reflection on the peculiar materiality of timbre, whose mysteries, this chapter suggests, could also be considered the subject of Respighi’s work.
Timbre and Polyphony in Balinese Gamelan
Authors: Tenzer Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Musical instrument design and aesthetic desiderata for a shimmering bronze sound determine the tuning, timbre, and range of orchestral possibilities in the Balinese gamelan gong kebyar. This chapter considers the gamelan, paradoxically, as both a timbrally unified “single” instrument modularly constructed for performance by two dozen players, and as a collection of separate instruments with varied musical roles. The gamelan is timbrally unified because the sound spectrum of the full ensemble is an amplification of individual instruments’ spectra, and simultaneously it is timbrally diverse due to differing instrument ranges, mallet hardnesses, and varying thickness or shape of bronze keys and gongs. Starting from a general description of the instruments, the chapter explains the design features and musical practices step-by-step, pairing this with transcriptions and pedagogical recordings making the polyphony comprehensible and audible.
Dendritic Targeting and Regulatory RNA Control of Local Neuronal Translation
Authors: Eom Taesun , Muslimov Ilham A. , Iacoangeli Anna , Tiedge Henri 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter reviews current developments in the area of translational control in neurons. It focuses on the activity-dependent translational modulation by neuronal regulatory RNAs, including underlying interactions with eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), and on the role of such modulation in locally controlled protein synthesis in synapto-dendritic domains. It highlights the role of dendritic RNA targeting as a key prerequisite of local translation at the synapse and discusses the significance of these mechanisms in the expression of higher brain functions, including learning, memory, and cognition. The chapter concludes with discussion of anticipated future work to continue to elucidate these mechanisms and provide advances in the area of translational regulation in neurons and our understanding of how translational dysregulation contributes to neurological and cognitive disorders.
The Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Armada Xosé-Lois , Grau Mira Ignacio 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the Iron Age across the Iberian Peninsula, transcending the division between ‘Celtic/Indo-European’ and ‘Iberian/non-Indo-European’ areas which has characterized previous research. This division arose largely from diffusionist thinking that considered cultural development to be dependent on western European or Mediterranean influences respectively, and linked to historical processes led by the great Mediterranean civilizations (Orientalization, Phoenician, and Greek colonization). The chapter begins with an outline of the history of research, the geographical context, and the main types of periodization in use. It then offers a summary of the archaeological record employing a framework of ten regions, beginning with the north-west and ending with the north-east. The final section considers the main subjects of current research into the Iron Age on the Iberian Peninsula (ways of life, the economy, complexity, identity, ritual, and cultural expression).
Scandinavia and Northern Germany
Authors: Herschend Frands 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The long Iron Age in northern Europe (c.500 BC–750 AD) was characterized by centuries of gradual development, punctuated by major episodes of transformation in the first century BC and the mid-first millennium AD. This chapter adopts a thematic approach, starting with the economy, envisaged as the intertwining of subsistence, exploitation of natural resources, and external acquisition. These lead to wider issues such as land ownership, social stratification, and over-exploitation. A second theme is warfare, ranging from small-scale fighting in earlier centuries to the battlefields of the Roman Iron Age. Next, the implications of key changes in material culture are examined, from domestic artefacts, to grave goods, and architecture. The final theme covers narrative, belief, and ritual, as manifested in lakes with votive and war offerings, founder graves, magical use of runic inscriptions, and the ideologically tinted myths relating to Iron Age societies preserved in poems written down in later centuries.
Eastern Central Europe
Authors: Nowakowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines Iron Age cultural developments and population movements in the zone centred on the Oder and Vistula basins. Throughout the period, demand for Baltic amber promoted contacts with other parts of Europe, first seen in Italian imports and Hallstatt influences in the Lusatian culture. Much archaeological evidence for the various regional cultures is funerary (predominantly cremation cemeteries), allowing changes in social system to be discerned. After c.500 BC, increasing La Tène influence is apparent, with some areas experiencing Celtic settlement. In the Roman Iron Age, high-status burials along the ‘amber road’and prestige Roman goods indicate the emergence of a more hierarchical society, and ironworking reached near-industrial levels in the Holy Cross mountains. The chapter concludes by examining links between the archaeological record and documented population movements of the Migration period; the Wielbark culture of the lower Vistula region can be equated with the Goths.
Fashioning Parliament: The Politics of Dress in Myanmar’s Postcolonial Legislatures
Authors: Egreteau Renaud 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the significance of dress codes and clothing in postcolonial Myanmar’s successive legislatures. Burmese representatives have since the 1950s been strongly encouraged to wear dignified garb and non-Western dress when carrying out their duties in parliament. What does it tell us? The contribution of this study based on field interviews and the analysis of newspaper reports and parliamentary procedures, is threefold. It first sheds light on Myanmar’s understudied parliamentary history and some of its startling institutional continuities despite decades of military rule. It then shows how the fashioning and reinvention of traditional attires by Burmese parliamentarians has accelerated the pace of decolonisation, while serving as an effective tool of representation. Lastly, it argues that the ritual of dress in parliament has contributed to a persistent reification of identities, thereby reinforcing the politicisation of ethnicity in an already fragmented Myanmar society.
Genetic and nongenetic factors that may predispose individuals to allergic drug reactions
Authors: Gibson Andrew , Ogese Monday , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
Defining predisposition to allergic drug reactions has largely focussed on HLA associations, but other genetic and nongenetic factors are also likely to be involved.

Recent findings
Polymorphic genetic variants in cytokine genes, including IL-10, and co-signalling pathways, including CTLA4, have been associated with allergic drug reactions, but the effect size is lower than with HLA alleles and most associations have not been replicated. Although TCR specificity seems to be important for CBZ-induced SJS/TEN in South East Asian patients, a distinct repertoire may not play a role in reactions to other drugs. New mass spectrometric techniques allowing for the identification of naturally eluted peptides from drug-exposed HLA alleles will allow for the antigenic source of T-cell activation to be defined and may shed light on the influence of disease. Indeed, preliminary data highlight the propensity of drug-responsive T cells to cross-react with T cells primed to viral antigens. Furthermore, the environment can epigenetically influence regulatory gene expression, suggesting that an individual's family exposure history may alter immune thresholds and tip the balance toward activation.

Summary
It is likely that predisposition to allergic drug reactions is multifaceted in most cases. This will require the study of large numbers of patients to detect genetic factors that have a lower effect size than HLA alleles. This should be accompanied by detailed clinical phenotyping of patients and the assessment of the immunological phenotype with respect to the presence and type of drug antigen-responsive T cells.
Recurrent Surgical Site Infections in the Spine After Treatment With the Vacuum-assisted Closure (VAC) System
Authors: Alcala-Marquez Christopher , Torrealba Rubén , Mehbod Amir A. , Dawson John M. , Dressel Thomas D. , Transfeldt Ensor E. 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:
This study retrospectively reviewed recurrences of surgical site infections (SSI) in spinal patients treated with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technology.

Objective:
Identify patient and treatment factors associated with recurrence of SSI after VAC treatment.

Summary of Background Data:
Patients treated with VAC can achieve healing of deep spine wound infections; however, some patients develop a recurrent infection. Risk factors associated with a recurrence have not been identified.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and eleven patients with SSI after spine surgery from 2002 to 2010 were studied. They had been treated with irrigation and debridement, placement of VAC, and IV antibiotics. They subsequently were taken to surgery for primary closure of their wound. Patients with SSI who healed after the initial infection treatment were compared with patients who experienced recurrence. Patient and treatment factors that were studied included smoking status, body mass index, obesity status, diagnosis of diabetes, fusion surgery, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or polybacteria infection, number of irrigation and debridement treatments before closure, duration of IV antibiotic treatment, and duration of treatment time with VAC. Patients with SSI who healed after the initial treatment were compared with patients who experienced recurrence.

Results:
Fourteen patients had at least one recurrence of wound infection. None of the patient or treatment factors was associated with the recurrence of a SSI.

Conclusions:
Among spine surgery patients with a SSI treated with the VAC system, those factors which predispose a patient to develop a recurrent SSI remain unknown.

Level of Study:
Level IV.
What are the Rates, Reasons, and Risk Factors of 90-day Hospital Readmission After Lumbar Discectomy?
Authors: Kohls Morgan R. , Jain Nikhil , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To report the rate, reasons, and risk factors for 90-day readmissions after lumbar discectomy at an academic medical center.

Summary of Background Data:
Several studies have reported complications and readmissions after spine surgery; however, only one previous study has focused specifically on lumbar discectomy. As the patient profile and morbidity of various spine procedures is different, focus on procedure-specific complications and readmissions will be beneficial.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent lumbar discectomy for unrelieved symptoms of prolapsed intervertebral disk and had at least 90 days of follow-up at an academic institution (2013–2014) were included. Retrospective review of electronic medical record was performed to record demographic and clinical profile of patients. Details of lumbar discectomy, index hospital stay, discharge disposition, hospital readmission within 90 days, reason for readmission and treatment given have been reported. Risk factors for hospital readmission were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 356 patients with a mean age of 45.0±13.8 years were included. The 90-day readmission rate was 5.3% (19/360) of which two-third patients were admitted within 30 days giving a 30-day readmission rate of 3.7% (13/356). The top 2 primary reasons for readmission included back and/or leg pain, numbness, or tingling (42.9%), and persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak or seroma (25.0%). On adjusted analysis, risk factors associated with higher risk of readmission included incidental durotomy [odds ratio (OR), 26.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.3–129.9] and discharge to skilled nursing facility/inpatient rehabilitation (OR, 25.2; 95% CI, 2.7–235.2). Increasing age was a negative predictor of readmission (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99).

Conclusions:
Incidental durotomy, younger age, and discharge to nursing facility were associated with higher risk of 90-day hospital readmission after lumbar discectomy. As compared with extensive spine procedures, patient comorbidity burden may not be as significant in predicting readmission after this relatively less invasive procedure.
Disparities Predict for Higher Rates of Cut-through Hysterectomies in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Amini Arya , Robin Tyler P. , Rusthoven Chad G. , Schefter Tracey E. , Akhavan David , Chen Yi-Jen , Glaser Scott M. , Corr Bradley R. , Ashing Kimlin T. , Fisher Christine M. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The treatment of choice for locally advanced cervical cancer is definitive chemoradiation (CRT). Hysterectomy is not indicated due to higher-rates of cut-through resections leaving gross disease behind, requiring additional therapy with increasing morbidity and no benefit in overall survival (OS). The objectives of this study were to determine factors associated with cut-through hysterectomies and evaluate OS outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients 18 years and older with clinical Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB2 to IVA. All patients underwent upfront hysterectomy and had known margin status. Cut-through hysterectomy was classified as presence of microscopic or macroscopic disease at the margin.

Results:
A total of 11,638 patients were included; 993 (8.5%) had positive margins. In patients with positive margins, 560 (56.4%) received postoperative CRT and 148 (14.9%) underwent postoperative radiation. Five-year OS was worse for those with cut-through resections when compared with those with negative margins, 66.0% versus 86.7%, respectively (hazard ratios, 3.08; P<0.001). Under multiple logistic regression, African American race (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; P=0.001), older age (OR per year increase, 1.03; P<0.001), patients with government insurance (OR, 1.21; P=0.019), and those treated at community practices (OR, 1.31; P=0.001) were more likely to undergo cut-through hysterectomies.

Conclusions:
A review of national patterns of care over the past decade confirms women with positive margins after hysterectomy for cervical cancer have significantly worse OS. Disparities in surgical results for women with cervical cancer exist. In response, further causality evaluation and corrective action are warranted to address these inequalities.
An Improved LC-ESI-MS/MS Method to Quantify Pregabalin in Human Plasma and Dry Plasma Spot for Therapeutic Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Applications
Authors: Dwivedi Jaya , Namdev Kuldeep K. , Chilkoti Deepak C. , Verma Surajpal , Sharma Swapnil 
Published: June 2018

Background:Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs provides a valid clinical tool in optimization of overall therapy. However, TDM is challenging because of the high biological sample (plasma/blood) storage/shipment costs and the limited availability of laboratories providing TDM services. Sampling in the form of dry plasma spot (DPS) or dry blood spot is a suitable alternative to overcome these issues.Methods:An improved, simple, rapid, and stability-indicating method for quantification of pregabalin (PGB) in human plasma and DPS has been developed and validated. Analyses were performed on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer under positive ionization mode of electrospray interface. PGB-d4 was used as internal standard, and the chromatographic separations were performed on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL/min. Stability of PGB in DPS was evaluated under simulated real-time conditions. Extraction procedures from plasma and DPS samples were compared using statistical tests. The method was validated considering the Food and Drug Administration method validation guideline.Results:The method was linear over the concentration range of 20–16,000 ng/mL and 100–10,000 ng/mL in plasma and DPS, respectively. DPS samples were found stable for only 1 week on storage at room temperature and for at least 4 weeks at freezing temperature (−20 ± 5°C). Method was applied for quantification of PGB in over 600 samples of a clinical study. Statistical analyses revealed that 2 extraction procedures in plasma and DPS samples showed statistically insignificant difference and can be used interchangeably without any bias.Conclusions:Proposed method involves simple and rapid steps of sample processing that do not require a precolumn or postcolumn derivatization procedure. The method is suitable for routine pharmacokinetic analysis and therapeutic monitoring of PGB.