bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbosacral rotation flap: a simple method for covering sacral pressure injuries
Authors: Dogra Shavinder , Menon Govind , Husain Jafar , Anand Sunil 
Published: October 2024

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) are among the most common skin and soft tissue wounds occurring in patients who are bedbound and/or immobile. PI management hinges on their prevention; however, reoccurrence poses a challenge to their management and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Here, the authors describe a lumbosacral rotation flap (LSRF) for the coverage of sacral PIs. Method: A single-centre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was carried out. All patients undergoing LSRF for sacral PIs were included. Patients with active systemic sepsis, immune compromise, hepatic or renal dysfunction were excluded. All patients underwent preoperative optimisation and wound cultures to direct antibiotic therapy after surgery. Results: A total of nine patients underwent the procedure (seven male and two female). Mean age was 47.6 years with a mean ulcer size of 92.9 cm2. Bone biopsy indicated the presence of osteomyelitis in three patients. Of the LSRFs, two flaps showed minimal local complications in the form of marginal flap necrosis which was managed conservatively. All flaps healed well with no cases of flap loss or the need for secondary procedures. Conclusion: The results of this analysis showed that LSRF can be considered a first line of treatment of sacral PIs. They can be used to cover large defects. Due to their large base and flap size, readvancement in cases of recurrence is also possible.
Numerical study of a tapered fiber magnetic field sensor based on the ENZ mode
Authors: Wang Chuang , Wei Xian , Yun Ling , Hu Ertao , Liu Chunxiao , Zheng Jiajin , Zhang Zuxing , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei 
Published: October 2024

This study introduces what we believe to be a novel magnetic field sensor that utilizes a tapered optical fiber coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), operating on an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode. The evanescent field around the tapered optical fiber can excite the ENZ mode of the ITO film, and the TiO2 layer can ensure the phase matching between the fiber core mode and the ENZ mode. The sensor, immersed in magnetic fluid, leverages the unique properties of ENZ materials to achieve a high sensitivity and resolution in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Through a simulation, the sensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 6900 nm/RIU and a magnetic field sensitivity of 370 pm/Oe. The findings suggest that ENZ mode-based optic sensing presents a promising alternative to traditional plasmonic sensing methods, offering potential applications in various fields requiring precise magnetic field measurements.
Safety and tolerability of tegoprubart in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A Phase 2A clinical trial
Authors: Perrin Steven , Ladha Shafeeq , Maragakis Nicholas , Rivner Michael H. , Katz Jonathan , Genge Angela , Olney Nicholas , Lange Dale , Heitzman Daragh , Bodkin Cynthia , Jawdat Omar , Goyal Namita A. , Bornstein Jeffrey D. , Mak Carmen , Appel Stanley H. , Paganoni Sabrina 
Published: October 2024

Background
The interaction of CD40L and its receptor CD40 on activated T cells and B cells respectively control pro-inflammatory activation in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Previous studies have implicated signaling pathways involving CD40L (interchangeably referred to as CD154), as well as adaptive and innate immune cell activation, in the induction of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and impact on pro-inflammatory biomarker profiles of an anti CD40L antibody, tegoprubart, in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods and findings
In this multicenter dose-escalating open-label Phase 2A study, 54 participants with a diagnosis of ALS received 6 infusions of tegoprubart administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The study was comprised of 4 dose cohorts: 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg. The primary endpoint of the study was safety and tolerability. Exploratory endpoints assessed the pharmacokinetics of tegoprubart as well as anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses, changes in disease progression utilizing the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), CD154 target engagement, changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and neurofilament light chain (NFL).
Seventy subjects were screened, and 54 subjects were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine of 54 subjects completed the study (90.7%) receiving all 6 infusions of tegoprubart and completing their final follow-up visit. The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) overall (>10%) were fatigue (25.9%), falls (22.2%), headaches (20.4%), and muscle spasms (11.1%). Mean tegoprubart plasma concentrations increased proportionally with increasing dose with a half-life of approximately 24 days. ADA titers were low and circulating levels of tegoprubart were as predicted for all cohorts. Tegoprubart demonstrated dose dependent target engagement associated and a reduction in 18 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in circulation.

Conclusions
Tegoprubart appeared to be safe and well tolerated in adults with ALS demonstrating dose-dependent reduction in pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines associated with ALS. These results warrant further clinical studies with sufficient power and duration to assess clinical outcomes as a potential treatment for adults with ALS.

Trial registration
Clintrials.gov ID:NCT04322149.
Listening to children with lower limb loss: Rationale, design, and protocol for delivery of a novel globally applicable research toolkit—Prosthetic user needs, quality of life, pain, and physical function
Authors: Edgar Caitlin E. , Ghidini Claudia , Heang Thearith , Favier Clement D. , Gerrand Craig H. , Furtado Sherron H. , Mayhew Emily R. , Kheng Sisary , Abu-Sittah Ghassan S. , Bull Anthony M. J. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Rehabilitation after childhood lower limb loss is complex and dependent on multiple stakeholders and environmental factors. While research with adults underscores the importance of involving prosthetic limb users and caregivers in discussions to drive innovation, children are often excluded or not effectively engaged. This protocol lays out the development and implementation protocol for an internationally applicable research toolkit which has been designed and evaluated around the essential presence of the child. Research domains span their unique prosthetic needs, quality of life, pain, and mobility.

Methods and analysis
Cohorts of children in contrasting environments were identified (Cambodia, Gaza Strip, and the UK) to provide a comprehensive global understanding of the child with lower limb loss. A literature review revealed a lack of appropriate tools for identifying paediatric prosthetic user requirements leading to the development of novel interview guides for each key stakeholder: child, caregiver, and prosthetist. The child’s guide centred around enjoyment and engagement using card games and activities. A panel of experts in paediatric limb loss and mental health rigorously reviewed the guides. Guides were integrated with existing validated measures for quality of life, pain, and mobility to form a comprehensive toolkit. The toolkit was successfully piloted with 5 children, their families, and 2 prosthetists.
This protocol lays out the toolkit rationale and implementation plan (Jan 2023 to Dec 2025). This work offers the opportunity for this cohort to enjoyably engage with research that seeks to radically improve prospects for all children living with limb loss. The outlined best practices ensure ethical considerations when working with vulnerable cohorts.

Ethics and dissemination
This study is approved to cover implementation at all geographical locations as well as the researcher institutions. Results will be disseminated through national and international conferences, as well as through manuscripts in leading peer-reviewed journals.
Interrelationships of cervical spine sagittal alignment and whole spinopelvic alignment under implications of musculoskeletal health among independent elderly women in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Tzai-Chiu , Wu Wen-Tien , Lee Ru-Ping , Chen Ing-Ho , Wang Jen-Hung , Wen Shu-Hui , Yeh Kuang-Ting 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Older women are at increased risk of spinal misalignment and its associated complications. This study investigated the influence of age, grip strength, and various sagittal spinal parameters on spinal alignment. The results indicate the need for comprehensive management strategies.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 200 older women who underwent bone health evaluations at the orthopedic department of a hospital. The study participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, grip strength measurement, and full-length spine radiography. Clinical and radiographic parameters were analyzed through Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results
Significant correlations were identified between grip strength and spinal parameters such as C7 slope and global tilt, indicating that muscle strength affects spinal alignment. Advanced age was associated with changes in sagittal spinal parameters, indicating that changes occur in body compensation over time. Furthermore, pelvic parameters such as pelvic tilt and sacral slope were significantly correlated with spinal curvature, indicating their critical roles in maintaining spinal stability.

Conclusions
This study revealed the critical roles of muscle strength and pelvic alignment in the management of spinal health in older women with low bone mass. Targeted interventions for increasing muscle strength, correcting posture, and achieving hormonal balance can notably improve spinal stability and reduce the risk of associated complications. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to validate and refine the intervention strategies and to extend the study findings.
Detecting the impact of diagnostic procedures in Pap-positive women on anxiety using artificial neural networks
Authors: Ilic Irena , Babic Goran , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra , Grujicic Sandra Sipetic , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Macuzic Ivana Zivanovic , Ilic Milena 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Women who receive a result of an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear can fail to participate in follow up procedures, and this is often due to anxiety. This study aimed to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) in prediction of anxiety in women with an abnormal Pap smear test, prior to and following diagnostic procedures.

Methods
One hundred-seventy two women who received an abnormal Pap screening result took part in this study, completing a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), right before and two to four weeks after diagnostics (i.e. colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage). A feedforward back-propagation multilayer perceptron model was applied in analysis.

Results
Prior to diagnostic procedures 50.0% of women experienced anxiety, while after diagnostics anxiety was present in 61.6% of women. The correlation-based feature selection showed that anxiety prior to diagnostic procedures was associated with the use of sedatives, worry score, depression score, and score for concern about health consequences. For anxiety following diagnostics, predictors included rural place of residence, depression score, history of spontaneous abortion, and score for tension and discomfort during colposcopy. The ANN models yielded highly accurate anxiety prediction both prior and after diagnostics, 76.47% and 85.30%, respectively.

Conclusion
The presented findings can aid in identification of those women with a positive Pap screening test who could develop anxiety and thus represent the target group for psychological support, which would consequently improve adherence to follow-up diagnostics and enable timely treatment, finally reducing complications and fatal outcome.
Emergent AI-assisted discourse: a case study of a second language writer authoring with ChatGPT
Authors: Jacob Sharin R. , Tate Tamara , Warschauer Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of ChatGPT has incited debates regarding its impact on human writing. Amid concerns about declining writing standards, this study investigates the role of ChatGPT in facilitating writing, especially among language learners. Using a case study approach, this study examines the experiences of Kailing, a doctoral student, who integrates ChatGPT throughout their writing process. The study employs activity theory as a lens for understanding writing with generative AI tools and data analyzed includes semi-structured interviews, writing samples, and GPT logs. Results indicate that Kailing effectively collaborates with ChatGPT across various writing stages while preserving her distinct authorial voice and agency. This underscores the potential of AI tools such as ChatGPT to enhance writing for language learners without overshadowing individual authenticity. This case study offers a critical exploration of how ChatGPT is utilized in the writing process and the preservation of a student’s authentic voice when engaging with the tool.
Transforming Lives and Businesses
Authors: Augspurger Jens U 
Published: October 2024

This article explores the aspirational marketing modalities promoted by “spiritual marketing coaches” (SMC) that target freelancers in the well-being and yoga sector. It focuses on the narratives of success applied in what is essentially a “marketing of marketing,” analysing the semiotic qualities, functions, and implications of these promotional strategies. Specifically, it investigates how SMCs engage in meaning-making and religion-making through aspirational narrations while using inbound marketing to promote the use of the same. I argue that “spiritual marketing” incorporates a semiotic shift towards language and narrations commonly used in contemporary spirituality. This has introduced modalities that combine marketing tools with spiritual and esoteric doctrines via algorithmic processes, the spiritual exercise of bringing forward a business idea with purpose, and inner transformation for the sake of signalling authenticity. Promoting the esoteric paradigm that thought controls matter, “spiritual marketing” inadvertently relies on the appeasement of online marketing algorithms to attract more clients.
Estrategias Territoriales para la Construcción de la Cultura de Paz en Colombia
Authors: De La Hoz Martínez Marta Ligia , Granados Pérez Daniela Andrea 
Published: October 2024

La construcción de la cultura de paz en Colombia es una necesidad latente en las comunidades, en este sentido, los planes de desarrollo territorial deben contribuir en la transformación social hacia la paz, puesto que, estos planes se constituyen en un puente entre los lineamientos del gobierno nacional y el acuerdo de paz. La paz territorial permite un desarrollo en las regiones, departamentos y municipios, el enfoque territorial de la paz por ello se intenta establecer ¿Cuáles son las estrategias territoriales de orden nacional, departamental y municipal para la construcción de la cultura de paz en Colombia?, mediante una investigación socio jurídica, a través de una revisión documental de los planes de desarrollo de los niveles territoriales nacional, departamental y municipal de distintos periodos gubernativos, se realiza un análisis crítico del marco institucional de política pública sobre la inserción de la cultura de paz a nivel territorial. Los resultados muestran una falta de coherencia entre los planes de desarrollo territorial, como enlace en la planeación entre las entidades territoriales, a nivel nacional la paz es un tema trasversal, asociado al concepto de legalidad; en el ámbito departamental, en el departamento del Magdalena, se evidencia una importancia por la paz territorial, pero ninguna línea de acción concreta. En el municipio de Sabanas de San Ángel como zona en posconflicto las estrategias están orientadas a una cultura de paz desde la reparación a las victimas mediante la indemnización material dejando de lado los elementos inmateriales como la formación para la paz y la no repetición.
Фінансові результати діяльності підприємств: сучасні аспекти методики аналізу в системі управління та роз-витку діяльності суб’єктів АПК України
Authors: Купріна Наталія , Шкарупа Станіслав , Антонюк Олег 
Published: October 2024

В статті доведено, що війна, яку розв’язала російська федерація проти України, суттєво вплинула на фінансові результати експортно-імпортних операцій та показники, які їх характеризують, але попри певного їх скорочення є позитивні зміни в торгівлі агроподовольчими товарами, що свідчить про поліпшення структури зовнішньоторговельного обороту та функціонування суб’єктів АПК навіть у період військових дій та складного економічного становища в Україні. З’ясовано, що збільшення фінансових результатів таких суб’єктів національної економіки можливо з використання такого інструменту в системі їх управління, як фінансовий аналіз. Досліджено методику проведення аналізу фінансових результатів діяльності підприємств з 2000 року по теперішний час. На підставі проведеного дослідження методики аналізу фінансових результатів діяльності підприємства сформовано комплексний методичний підхід до проведення фінансових результатів діяльності підприємства, який обґрунтовано нами, та, на нашу думку, він є важливим для забезпечення ефективної діяльності, конкурентоспроможності та прибутковості бізнесу таких важливих суб’єктів національної економіки, як суб’єкти АПК України.
Brute Fact Cosmology and the Fundamentality of Consciousness
Authors: Schermbrucker Ben 
Published: October 2024

What is the fundamental nature of the physical universe? This paper generates new insights into this question through examining how brute fact metaphysics intersects with our best cosmological theories of the universe’s origin. To do this, I first make the case that fundamental physical things are – by necessity – ontologically brute. Ontological bruteness, I maintain, provides a rationale for the counterfactual claim that there is no reason why a fundamental has one physical identity rather than another. The paper then gives an overview of modern cosmology. This empirically oriented analysis is enjoined to a metaphysical argument that – since science’s candidate fundamentals are impermissibly complex – we can appeal to brute fact metaphysics to meaningfully entertain the possibility of simpler fundamentals. The paper then investigates a particular simple fundamental I take to be most plausible: consciousness (understood as the intrinsic nature of matter). This discussion draws on cosmic-level evolution and panpsychism. While I remain agnostic about whether consciousness’ instantiation in fundamental-level physics and cosmology will be empirically verified, the paper draws attention to a number of emerging experimental paradigms that can – at least in principle – contribute to this project.
Перовскитные катализаторы для углекислотной конверсии метана. Краткий обзор
Authors: Худайбергенов Н. , Ергазиева Г. , Досумов К. , Анисова М. , Мамбетова М. , Макаева Н. , Алиев К. , Мендибай А. , Атаманов М. 
Published: October 2024

В настоящем обзоре были проанализированы современные исследования влияния природы перовскитных каталитических систем на углекислотную конверсию метана (УКМ) и обсуждены возможные пути усовершенствования перовскитных катализаторов для производства синтез-газа из двух парниковых газов (CH4 и CO2). Установлено, что свойства и каталитическая активность перовскитных Ni, Fe, Co, La содержащих катализаторов варьируются в зависимости от используемого метода синтеза и присутствия промоторов, таких как ZrO2, CeO2, K2O и MgO. Показано, что наноструктурированные перовскитные катализаторы с дисперсными наночастицами металлов активной фазы обладают высокой реакционной способностью и устойчивы при повышенных температурах. Показано, что перовскиты LaNiO3 являются высокоэффективными катализаторами УКМ, а использование La2NiO4 в качестве прекурсора приводит к высокой каталитической активности. Перовскиты SrZrRuO3 показали высокую активность даже в экстремальных условиях высокой объемной скорости, что делает их перспективными катализаторами для УКМ. Различные катализаторы на основе перовскита демонстрируют высокие каталитические характеристики и стабильность в течение длительного времени без коксообразования. В целом из литературного обзора следует, что необходимы дальнейшие исследования, чтобы оптимизировать физико-химические характеристики перовскитных катализаторов для УКМ. Катализаторы на основе перовскита потенциально могут сыграть значительную роль в сокращении выбросов парниковых газов – метана и углекислого газа.
Thermal engineering and chemical kinetics of wood pellets torrefication
Authors: Valineeva Anna A. , Popov Stanislav K. 
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The widespread distribution and availability of biomass in the regions of Russian Federation make it possible to consider it as a renewable energy source with a lower negative impact on the environment compared to fossil fuels, since biomass is recognized as a carbon-neutral fuel. The use of biomass as a fuel in the form of pellets is increasing, which provides increased density and heat value. At the same time, pellets as a fuel or as a technological raw material have a significant disadvantage – low hydrophobicity. This problem is solved by torrefaction – low-temperature pyrolysis at a temperature of 200–300°C to produce bio-carbon. The study of the wood pellets torrefaction in order to improve it is an urgent task. Aim. To identify the impact of the parameters of the torrefaction of wood pellets on the thermal characteristics of the product (the highest heat value of bio-coal) and the regime parameters of the process (mass and energy yields), as well as to determine the parameters of the chemical kinetics of low-temperature pyrolysis as the basis for mathematical modeling and development of efficient torrefaction reactors. Object. Torrefied coniferous wood pellets of domestic production (Moscow region). Methods. Experimental study of the low-temperature pyrolysis thermal characteristics; synchronous thermal analysis in an inert atmosphere. Results. It was found that during the torrefaction of wood pellets in an inert atmosphere, a change in the holding time in the range of 30–60 minutes does not significantly affect the higher heat value, mass and energy yield of bio-coal, while an increase in temperature from 250 to 300°C reduces mass and energy yield, and the higher heat value increases by 26%. The dynamics of mass loss and thermal effects when heated to 600°C at a rate of 10 K/min are determined by means of the synchronous thermal analysis. It is established that the chemical kinetics of the process is described by a generalized reaction of the order n=1.507, in the Arrhenius equation the activation energy E=71.25 kJ/mol, the pre-exponential factor A=4772 s–1.