bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport Compared to the Ray-by-ray-plus Approximation
Authors: Glas Robert , Just Oliver , Janka H.-Thomas , Obergaulinger Martin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Self-consistent, time-dependent supernova (SN) simulations in three spatial dimensions (3D) are conducted with the Aenus-Alcar code, comparing, for the first time, calculations with fully multidimensional (FMD) neutrino transport and the ray-by-ray-plus (RbR+) approximation, both based on a two-moment solver with algebraic M1 closure. We find good agreement between 3D results with FMD and RbR+ transport for both tested grid resolutions in the cases of a 20 M
⊙ progenitor, which does not explode with the employed simplified set of neutrino opacities, and of an exploding 9 M
⊙ model. This is in stark contrast to corresponding axisymmetric (2D) simulations, which confirm previous claims that the RbR+ approximation can foster explosions in 2D, particularly in models with powerful axial sloshing of the stalled shock due to the standing accretion shock instability. However, while local and instantaneous variations of neutrino fluxes and heating rates can still be considerably higher with RbR+ transport in 3D, the time-averaged quantities are very similar to FMD results, because of the absence of a fixed, artificial symmetry axis that channels the flow. Therefore, except for stochastic fluctuations, the neutrino signals and the postbounce evolution of 3D simulations with FMD and RbR+ transport are also very similar, particularly for our calculations with the better grid resolution. Higher spatial resolution clearly has a more important impact than the differences due to the two transport treatments. Our results back up the use of the RbR+ approximation for neutrino transport in 3D SN modeling.
The process of dictionarisation in English for Police Purposes: Dictionaries, glossaries and encyclopaedias as entry points in the specialised language and communities of policing and law enforcement
Authors: Cartron Audrey 
Published: March 2019

Cet article explore une variété spécialisée de l’anglais jusqu’alors peu étudiée : l’anglais de la police. La publication en anglais de dictionnaires, glossaires et encyclopédies de la police apporte un éclairage précieux sur l’existence de cette langue de spécialité, mais souligne également la nécessité de rendre les termes et concepts spécialisés accessibles aux non-spécialistes. La dictionnarisation n’est pas le seul critère attestant une spécialisation ; cependant, ces ouvrages offrent d’intéressantes voies d’accès à la langue et à la communauté spécialisées. Cette étude vise à décrire le contenu d’une sélection de cinq dictionnaires, glossaires et encyclopédies spécialisés. Elle propose également d’analyser le rôle joué par les auteurs ayant contribué à la compilation de ces publications ainsi que leurs motivations, souvent explicitées dans les sections introductives. De nombreux éléments pris en compte lors de la compilation, comme le profil du lectorat ciblé ou la nécessité de refléter les évolutions institutionnelles, sont également analysés.
Modified MHC Class II–Associated Invariant Chain Induces Increased Antibody Responses againstPlasmodium falciparumAntigens after Adenoviral Vaccination
Authors: Fougeroux Cyrielle , Turner Louise , Bojesen Anders Miki , Lavstsen Thomas , Holst Peter Johannes 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdenoviral vectors can induce T and B cell immune responses to Ags encoded in the recombinant vector. The MHC class II invariant chain (Ii) has been used as an adjuvant to enhance T cell responses to tethered Ag encoded in adenoviral vectors. In this study, we modified the Ii adjuvant by insertion of a furin recognition site (Ii-fur) to obtain a secreted version of the Ii. To test the capacity of this adjuvant to enhance immune responses, we recombined vectors to encode Plasmodium falciparum virulence factors: two cysteine-rich interdomain regions (CIDR) α1 (IT4var19 and PFCLINvar30 var genes), expressed as a dimeric Ag. These domains are members of a highly polymorphic protein family involved in the vascular sequestration and immune evasion of parasites in malaria. The Ii-fur molecule directed secretion of both Ags in African green monkey cells and functioned as an adjuvant for MHC class I and II presentation in T cell hybridomas. In mice, the Ii-fur adjuvant induced a similar T cell response, as previously demonstrated with Ii, accelerated and enhanced the specific Ab response against both CIDR Ags, with an increased binding capacity to the cognate endothelial protein C receptor, and enhanced the breadth of the response toward different CIDRs. We also demonstrate that the endosomal sorting signal, secretion, and the C-terminal part of Ii were needed for the full adjuvant effect for Ab responses. We conclude that engineered secretion of Ii adjuvant–tethered Ags establishes a single adjuvant and delivery vehicle platform for potent T and B cell–dependent immunity.
REALISMO E INDETERMINATEZZA NEI FONDAMENTI DELLA MATEMATICA
Authors: Boccuni Francesca 
Published: March 2019

Two of the most influential foundational approaches in the philosophy of mathematics of the past thirty years, i.e. neologicism and ante rem mathematical structuralism, suffer from metaphysical and semantic indeterminacy. My present aim is to offer an explanation of this phenomenon and provide a solution in terms of arbitrary reference.
Psychosocial Variables and Sustainable Safety Environment in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone
Authors: Amalu Melvina , Abuo Cyril Bisong 
Published: March 2019

The study centered on investigating psychosocial variables and sustainable safety environment in secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone. The study adopted a survey research design with a census sampling technique since the population was not large and the researchers can handle all the members of the population. A total of 86 principals were used in Calabar Education Zone. A questionnaire titled ‘Psychosocial variables and sustainable safety environment scale (PVSSES) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three Experts in Measurement and Evaluation, University of Calabar, Calabar and the reliability was established using Cronbach alpha technique. The coefficient of the sub scales ranged from .87-88 and was considered high for the instrument to be used for data collection. The data were collected by the researchers and the data analysis were carried out using Pearson product Moment correlation using SPSS version 20.0 and the result showed There is no significant relationship between school- community relationship, provision of security measures, principals attitude to security issues and sustainable safety environment in secondary school It was recommended that school managements should ensure that they maintain a cordial relationship with host communities in order for them to provide security cover to schools and that measures such as provision of security personnel to schools as well as erection of comprehensive fence be built in secondary schools to avoid break ins. That principles should be alert to identify security threats in the school and report same to operatives in order to fore stall breaches that may affect the lives of the teachers and students in the school.
Role of discrete water recharge from supraglacial drainage systems in modeling patterns of subglacial conduits in Svalbard glaciers
Authors: Decaux Léo , Grabiec Mariusz , Ignatiuk Dariusz , Jania Jacek 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. As the behavior of subglacial water plays a determining role in glacier
dynamics, it requires particular attention, especially in the context of
climate warming, which is increasing ablation and generating greater amounts of
meltwater. On many glaciers, water flowing from the glacier's surface is the
main source of supply to the subglacial drainage system. This system is
largely influenced by the supraglacial drainage system, which collects
meltwater and precipitation and rapidly delivers it to discrete points in the
glacier bed via moulins and crevassed areas, called water input areas (WIAs).
Models of patterns of subglacial conduits mainly based on the hydrological
potential gradient are still regularly performed without taking into account the supraglacial drainage
system. We modeled the pattern of subglacial
channels in two glaciers located in Svalbard, the land-terminating
Werenskioldbreen and the tidewater Hansbreen during the 2015 melt season. We
modeled a spatial and a discrete water recharge in order to compare them.
First, supraglacial catchments were determined for each WIA on a high-resolution digital elevation model using the standard watershed
modeling tool in ArcGIS. Then, interpolated water runoff was calculated for
all the main WIAs. Our model also accounts for several water pressure
conditions. For our two studied glaciers, during the ablation season 2015,
72.5 % of total runoff was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by
precipitation. Changes in supraglacial drainage on a decadal timescale are
observed in contrast to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale.
Nevertheless, due to the specific nature of those changes, it seems to have a
low impact on the subglacial system. Therefore, our models of subglacial
channel are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades and
depend on changes in the supraglacial drainage system. Results showed that,
for Svalbard tidewater glaciers with large crevassed areas, models of
subglacial channels that assume spatial water recharge may be somewhat
imprecise but are far from being completely incorrect, especially for the
ablation zone. On the other hand, it is important to take discrete water
recharge into account in the case of land-terminating Svalbard glaciers with
limited crevassed areas. In all cases, considering a discrete water recharge
when modeling patterns of theoretical subglacial channels seems to produce
more realistic results according to current knowledge.
Le débriefing après observation à l’école primaire comme situation réactive de développement pour l’enseignant et les élèves
Authors: Munoz Gregory , Villeret Olivier , Bourmaud Gaëtan 
Published: March 2019

Depuis Piaget (1936), le concept de développement concerne les formes d’adaptation déployées par le sujet au sein de son environnement. Inspirées par cette perspective constructiviste, de nombreuses approches, telles que la didactique professionnelle (Pastré, 2011), la problématisation (Fabre, 2009, 2011) et les démarches d’investigation (Grangeat, 2011, 2013) ont avancé l’idée de former par les situations. Dans le cadre des attendus socioconstructivistes des derniers programmes d’enseignement, nous analysons l’activité d’enseignants lors d’un débriefing après observation (Villeret, 2008) autour des phases de la Lune menée en classe de primaire (Munoz & Villeret, 2012). Nous examinons dans cet article le fait de savoir si le débriefing après observation constitue une situation permettant le développement des élèves et de l’enseignant. Nous montrons que cette activité permet aux élèves d’apprendre à problématiser, de conceptualiser et de développer des connaissances épistémologiquement fondées. Elle permet également à l’enseignant de développer ses compétences à « faire problématiser
» les élèves. Ces résultats nous permettent de discuter à nouveaux frais la notion de «
situation potentielle de développement
» (Mayen, 1999) pour la compléter par les notions de «
situation réactive de développement
» et «
situation effective de développement
».
L’engagement dans une pratique culturelle comme occasion de développement professionnel. Le cas de salariés associatifs en situation d’accompagnement de bénévoles
Authors: Tardif-Bourgoin Florence 
Published: March 2019

Dans un contexte de professionnalisation associative qui vient profondément modifier l’offre de formation destinée aux bénévoles dans les centres sociaux, notre contribution (issue d’une recherche doctorale) propose d’envisager l’accompagnement des bénévoles comme une occasion de développement professionnel pour les salariés en charge de les accueillir. La recherche concernée a mobilisé un cadre théorique qui articule les travaux sur la professionnalité émergente et l’éthos professionnel (Jorro, 2009 ; 2011) avec la théorie des communautés de pratique (Wenger, 2005). Nous proposons ici d’envisager ces situations d’accompagnement sous l’angle d’un engagement dans une pratique culturelle (Billett, 2008) à partir de la mise au jour des valeurs en acte qui viennent orienter les pratiques dans les espaces concernés.
Integrating the RFID identification system for Charolaise breeding bulls with 3D imaging for virtual archive creation
Authors: Cappai Maria Grazia , Gambella Filippo , Piccirilli Davide , Rubiu Nicola Graziano , Dimauro Corrado , Pazzona Antonio Luigi , Pinna Walter 
Published: March 2019

The individual electronic identification (EID) of cattle based on RFID technology (134.2 kHz ISO standard 11784) will definitely enter into force in European countries as an official means of animal identification from July 2019. Integrating EID with 3D digital images of the animal would lead to the creation of a virtual archive of breeding animals for the evaluation and promotion of morphology associated with economic traits, strategic in beef cattle production. The genetically-encoded morphology of bulls and cows together with the expression in the phenotype were the main drivers of omic technologies of beef cattle production. The evaluation of bulls raised for reproduction is mainly based on the conformation and heritability of traits, which culminates in muscle mass and optimized carcass traits in the offspring destined to be slaughtered. A bottom-up approach by way of SWOT analysis of the current morphological and functional evaluation process for bulls revealed a technological gap. The innovation of the process through the use of smart technologies was tested in the field. The conventional 2D scoring system based on visual inspection by breed experts was carried out on a 3D model of the live animal, which was found to be a faithful reproduction of live animal morphology, thanks to the non significant variance (p > 0.05) of means of the somatic measures determined on the virtual 3D model and on the real bull. The four main groups composing the scoring system of bull morphology can easily be carried out on the 3D model. These are as follows: (1) Muscular condition; (2) Skeletal development; (3) Functional traits; (4) Breed traits. The 3D-Bull model derived from the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm displays a high tech profile for the evaluation of animal morphology in an upgraded system.
Food Handling Practices among Food Handlers of Eating Establishments in the Government Hospitals, Mandalay City, Myanmar
Authors: Aung Si Thu , Nwe Aung Aung , Shan War War , Naing Soe Moe , Htay San San , Kyaw Kyaw 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hospital environment is a favourable condition for growing of pathogens. Unhygienic practices of food handlers and contaminated food may be the cause of foodborne diseases, resulting in much comorbidity and longer hospital stay of the affected persons.
Aims: To study socio-demographic characteristics, working characteristics and food handling practices among food handlers of eating establishments in the government hospitals, Mandalay city, Myanmar.
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: One hundred and eleven eligible food handlers from government hospitals in Mandalay city, Myanmar between May 2018 and August 2018.
Methodology: Face to face interviews with all eligible food handlers were carried out with pretested questionnaire. Observational checklist was used for current situation of food handlers.
Results: The majority of employees were female and full-time food handlers. No pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of food handlers were done. More than half (54.05%) of total food handlers had unsatisfactory on food handling practices. Food handling practices status was influenced by duration of working in the current jobs (P=.001).
Conclusion: There was high status of unhygienic food handling practices of the food handlers working in the eating establishments of the government hospitals, Mandalay city, Myanmar.
Transformational Leadership Style and Employee Engagement on Role-Based Performance among Selected Civil Servants in Jos
Authors: Olusola Akinbobola, I. , Daniel Dalyop, D. 
Published: March 2019

Role-based performance covers not only the scope of job but also aspects of employee work behaviour involved in performance.
Aims: The present study therefore examined influence of transformational leadership style and employee engagement on role-based performance.
Study Design: The study adopted a correlational research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Government Ministries and Parastatals in Jos, capital of Plateau State, Nigeria. October 2016 to June 2017.
Methodology: Using survey method in which 137 civil servants were purposively drawn as participants. Their age range was from 28 to 65 years with 74 (54%) male participants and 63 (46%) female participants. This study utilised role theory and personal engagement theory, while standardised psychological scales which are role-based performance scale, multifactor leadership questionnaire and intellectual social affective engagement scale were used. Data collected were analysed using regression analysis.
Results: The findings indicated that transformational leadership style significantly explained 35% variance in role-based performance. Employee engagement significantly explained 22.9% variance in role-based performance.
Conclusion: There is significant influence of transformational leadership style on role-based performance of civil servants. There is significant influence of employee engagement on role-based performance of civil servants.
Evolution of Local Structural Ordering and Chemical Distribution upon Delithiation of a Rock Salt–Structured Li1.3Ta0.3Mn0.4O2 Cathode
Authors: Kan Wang Hay , Wei Chenxi , Chen Dongchang , Bo Tao , Wang Bao‐Tian , Zhang Yan , Tian Yangchao , Lee Jun‐Sik , Liu Yijin , Chen Guoying 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLithium‐rich disordered rock‐salt oxides have attracted great interest owing to their promising performance as Li‐ion battery cathodes. While experimental and theoretical efforts are critical in advancing this class of materials, a fundamental understanding of key property changes upon Li extraction is largely missing. In the present study, single‐crystal synthesis of a new disordered rock‐salt cathode material, Li1.3Ta0.3Mn0.4O2 (LTMO), and its use as a model compound to investigate Li concentration–driven evolution of local cationic ordering, charge compensation, and chemical distribution are reported. Through the combined use of 2D and 3D X‐ray nanotomography, it is shown that Li removal accompanied by oxygen oxidation is correlated with the development of morphological defects such as particle cracking. Chemical heterogeneity, quantified by subparticle level distribution of Mn valence state, is minimal during Mn redox, which drastically increases upon the formation of cracks during oxygen redox. Density functional theory and bond valence sum mismatch calculations reveal the presence of local short‐range ordering in the pristine oxide, which gradually disappears along with the extraction of Li. The study suggests that with cycling the transformation into true cation–disordered state can be expected, which likely impacts the voltage profile and obtainable energy density of the oxide cathodes.
Biodegradable Polymers as a Noncoding miRNA Nanocarrier for Multiple Targeting Therapy of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Chengbin , Yin Mingjie , Xu Gaixia , Lin Wei‐Jen , Chen Jiajie , Zhang Yinling , Feng Tao , Huang Peng , Chen Chih‐Kuang , Yong Ken‐Tye 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTherapeutic strategy based on the restoration of tumor suppressor‐microRNAs (miRNAs) is a promising approach for cancer therapy, but the low delivery efficiency of miRNA remains a huge hurdle due to the lack of safe and efficient nonviral carriers. In this work, with the use of newly developed PEGylated biodegradable charged polyester‐based vectors (PEG‐BCPVs) as the carrier, the miR26a and miR122 codelivering therapeutic strategy (PEG‐BCPVs/miR26a/miR122 as the delivery formulation) is successfully developed for efficient treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In vitro study results show that PEG‐BCPVs are capable of effectively facilitating miRNA cellular uptake via a cell endocytosis pathway. Consequently, the restoration of miR26a and miR122 remarkably inhibit the cell growth, migration, invasion, colony formation, and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. More importantly, the chemosensitivity of HepG2 to anticancer drug is also considerably enhanced. After treatment with the PEG‐BCPV‐based miRNA delivery system, the expression of the multiple targeted genes corresponding to miR26a and miR122 in HepG2 cells is greatly downregulated. Accordingly, the newly developed miRNA restoration therapeutic strategy via biodegradable PEG‐BCPVs as the carrier should be a promising modality for combating HCC.
Self‐Assembling Endogenous Biliverdin as a Versatile Near‐Infrared Photothermal Nanoagent for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Xing Ruirui , Zou Qianli , Yuan Chengqian , Zhao Luyang , Chang Rui , Yan Xuehai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotothermal nanomaterials that integrate multimodal imaging and therapeutic functions provide promising opportunities for noninvasive and targeted diagnosis and treatment in precision medicine. However, the clinical translation of existing photothermal nanoagents is severely hindered by their unclear physiological metabolism, which makes them a strong concern for biosafety. Here, the utilization of biliverdin (BV), an endogenic near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing pigment with well‐studied metabolic pathways, to develop photothermal nanoagents with the aim of providing efficient and metabolizable candidates for tumor diagnosis and therapy, is demonstrated. It is shown that BV nanoagents with intense NIR absorption, long‐term photostability and colloidal stability, and high photothermal conversion efficiency can be readily constructed by the supramolecular multicomponent self‐assembly of BV, metal‐binding short peptides, and metal ions through the reciprocity and synergy of coordination and multiple noncovalent interactions. In vivo data reveal that the BV nanoagents selectively accumulate in tumors, locally elevate tumor temperature under mild NIR irradiation, and consequently induce efficient photothermal tumor ablation with promising biocompatibility. Furthermore, the BV nanoagents can serve as a multimodal contrast for tumor visualization through both photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. BV has no biosafety concerns, and thereby offers a great potential in precision medicine by integrating multiple theranostic functions.