bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We Listened to Each Other”: Socioemotional Growth in Literature Circles
Authors: Venegas Elena M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiterature circles undoubtedly foster literacy, but successful participation in literature circles requires students’ social and emotional competence. The author presents findings from a study of a fifth‐grade student who demonstrated socioemotional growth while participating in literature circles. Specifically, growth in intrapersonal and interpersonal skills such as self‐management, social awareness, social metacognition, and empathy were evident. These findings suggest that literature circles foster not only literacy but also socioemotional learning.
A metaheuristic algorithm and structured analysis for the Line-haul Feeder Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Brandstätter Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSynchronisation in vehicle routing is a rather new field of research and naturally new problems arise. One of these problems is the Line-haul Feeder Vehicle Routing Problem (LFVRP). It uses a fleet of small and large vehicles to serve two types of customers. The first type provides additional parking space and can be visited by both vehicle classes. The second type can only be visited by the small vehicle class as these customers provide only limited parking space. The main characteristic of the small vehicle class is the limited capacity. To overcome this particular disadvantage, the small vehicles can use the large vehicles as virtual depots. In other words, a small and large vehicle can meet at a parking lot or at a customer with enough space (type-1 customer) and perform a transfer of goods. For a successful reloading operation, both vehicles must be present at the same place at the same time. Thus, both vehicle tours must be synchronized. After using the large vehicle as virtual depot, the small vehicle can proceed immediately afterwards because it does not need to go back to the physical depot. Consequently, less time and distance is required which results in a reduction of the overall costs. The advantage of the LFVRP over classical variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem has been shown in previous papers. Yet, customer time windows have been neglected so far and as time windows play an important role in vehicle routing research, they need to be addressed properly. Therefore, we aim to close this gap by introducing the Line-haul Feeder Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (LFVRPTW). We discuss the complexity of customer time windows for the LFVRPTW and adopt the previously introduced algorithm for the LFVRP. Furthermore, we provide a thorough computational analysis on the impact of different time window characteristics and show the advantage of the LFVRPTW over other variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows.
The Influence of Segregation of Mn on the Recrystallization Behavior of C-Mn Steels
Authors: Slater C. , Mandal A. , Davis C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The influence of Mn segregation that occurs during casting on recrystallization kinetics has been explored for a C-Mn automotive steel. A homogenization heat treatment was used to remove Mn segregation, while maintaining a similar initial austenite grain size to the segregated condition, to provide base-line comparison data. Deformation trials were carried out in a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator to 0.3 strains at 900 °C, and significant differences in both recrystallization times and final grain sizes were seen between the two conditions. The segregated sample incurred a longer recrystallization time and a wider recrystallized grain size distribution than the homogenized sample. A finite element model was used to predict the local deformation strains based on variations in material properties caused by segregation; the model used data from XRF elemental mapping of Mn to define the local mechanical properties based on differences in solid solution strengthening. Local strain variations ranging from 0.19 to 0.49 were predicted in the segregated sample for an overall applied 0.3 strain (compared to 0.26 to 0.35 in the homogenized sample); using these strains to predict the recrystallized grain sizes gave a much better prediction for the grain size distribution.
Identity of attached eddies in turbulent channel flows with bidimensional empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Li Weipeng , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2019

Bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) is used to identify attached eddies in turbulent channel flows and quantify their relationship with the mean skin-friction drag generation. BEMD is an adaptive, non-intrusive, data-driven method for mode decomposition of multiscale signals especially suitable for non-stationary and nonlinear processes such as those encountered in turbulent flows. In the present study, we decompose the velocity fluctuations obtained by direct numerical simulation of channel flows into BEMD modes characterized by specific length scales. Unlike previous works (e.g. Flores & Jiménez, Phys. Fluids, vol. 22(7), 2010, 071704; Hwang, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 767, 2015, pp. 254–289), the current approach employs naturally evolving wall-bounded turbulence without modifications of the Navier–Stokes equations to maintain the inherent turbulent dynamics, and minimize artificial numerical enforcement or truncation. We show that modes identified by BEMD exhibit a self-similar behaviour, and that single attached eddies are mainly composed of streaky structures carrying intense streamwise velocity fluctuations and vortex packets permeating in all velocity components. Our findings are consistent with the existence of attached eddies in actual wall-bounded flows, and show that BEMD modes are tenable candidates to represent Townsend attached eddies. Finally, we evaluate the turbulent-drag generation from the perspective of attached eddies with the aid of the Fukagata–Iwamoto–Kasagi identity (Fukagata et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 14(11), 2002, pp. L73–L76) by splitting the Reynolds shear stress into four different terms related to the length scale of the attached eddies.
Stress relaxation in a dilute bacterial suspension: the active–passive transition
Authors: Nambiar Sankalp , S. Phanikanth , Nott P. R. , Subramanian Ganesh 
Published: May 2019

This paper follows a recent article of Nambiar et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 812, 2017, pp. 41–64) on the linear rheological response of a dilute bacterial suspension (e.g. E. coli) to impulsive starting and stopping of simple shear flow. Here, we analyse the time dependent nonlinear rheology for a pair of linear flows – simple shear (a canonical weak flow) and uniaxial extension (a canonical strong flow), again in response to impulsive initiation and cessation. The rheology is governed by the bacterium orientation distribution which satisfies a kinetic equation that includes rotation by the imposed flow, and relaxation to isotropy via rotary diffusion and tumbling. The relevant dimensionless parameters are the Péclet number $Pe\equiv \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$, which dictates the importance of flow-induced orientation anisotropy, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}D_{r}$, which quantifies the relative importance of the two intrinsic orientation decorrelation mechanisms (tumbling and rotary diffusion). Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is the mean run duration of a bacterium that exhibits a run-and-tumble dynamics, $D_{r}$ is the intrinsic rotary diffusivity of the bacterium and $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$ is the characteristic magnitude of the imposed velocity gradient. The solution of the kinetic equation is obtained numerically using a spectral Galerkin method, that yields the rheological properties (the shear viscosity, the first and second normal stress differences for simple shear, and the extensional viscosity for uniaxial extension) over the entire range of $Pe$. For simple shear, we find that the stress relaxation predicted by our analysis at small $Pe$ is in good agreement with the experimental observations of Lopez et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115, 2015, 028301). However, the analysis at large $Pe$ yields relaxations that are qualitatively different. Upon step initiation of shear, the rheological response in the experiments corresponds to a transition from a nearly isotropic suspension of active swimmers at small $Pe$, to an apparently (nearly) isotropic suspension of passive rods at large $Pe$. In contrast, the computations yield the expected transition to a nearly flow-aligned suspension of passive rigid rods at high $Pe$. We probe this active–passive transition systematically, complementing the numerical solution with analytical solutions obtained from perturbation expansions about appropriate base states. Our study suggests courses for future experimental and analytical studies that will help understand relaxation phenomena in active suspensions.
Turbulence velocity spectra and intensities in the inflow of a turbine rotor
Authors: Milne I. A. , Graham J. M. R. 
Published: May 2019

The changes in spectra and intensities of the streamwise component of turbulent velocity are calculated in the inflow of a turbine rotor. The flow is initially calculated in the limit when the turbulence is of small scale compared with the rotor diameter. Rapid distortion theory (RDT), Batchelor & Proudman (Q. J. Mech. Appl. Maths, vol. 7 (1), 1954, pp. 83–103) (BP), for small-scale turbulence is combined with the effect of the fluctuating potential flow field on the turbulence caused by the direct interaction of the incident turbulence with the rotor as a sheet of resistance. A second computation is then carried out for turbulence of larger length scale. The results of the calculations are compared with velocity measurements in the inflow of both a commercial wind turbine and a tidal turbine rotor.
Psychosocial safety climate, safety compliance and safety participation: The mediating role of psychological distress
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Isha Ahmad Shahrul Nizam , Memon Mumtaz Ali , Azeem Sundas , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe conceptualize that psychosocial safety climate (PSC) has a positive effect on employees' safety behavior by reducing their psychological distress. A high-level PSC environment reduces psychological distress by eliminating the employees' need for devoting psychological resources toward safety concerns. This preserves psychological resources to be invested in important behaviors i.e., safety compliance and participation. Data were collected from 190 production workers in the oil and gas industry across three states of Malaysia. Results showed strong support for our hypotheses. PSC was negatively linked with psychological distress. Psychological distress predicted safety compliance and participation and mediated the relationship between PSC and safety compliance/participation. Results suggest that in order to improve safety compliance and participation, management in safety-sensitive industries should pay attention to psychosocial factors in the work environment. The implications of these results for safety interventions and further research are discussed.
Investigating (a)symmetry in a small mammal's response to warming and cooling events across western North America over the late Quaternary
Authors: Balk Meghan A. , Betancourt Julio L. , Smith Felisa A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany mammalian populations conform spatially and temporally to Bergmann's rule. This ecogeographic pattern is driven by selection for larger body masses by cooler temperatures and smaller ones by warming temperatures. However, it is unclear whether the response to warming or cooling temperatures is (a)symmetrical. Studies of the evolutionary record suggest that mammals evolve smaller body sizes more rapidly than larger ones, suggesting that it may be “easier” to adapt to warming climates than cooling ones. Here, we examine the potential asymmetrical response of mammals to past temperature fluctuations. We use the fossil midden record of the bushy-tailed woodrat,Neotoma cinerea, a well-studied animal that generally conforms to Bergmann's rule, to test the ability of populations to respond to warming versus cooling climate throughout its modern range in western North America over the late Quaternary. We quantified the response to temperature change, as characterized by the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 temperature record, usingN. cinereapresence/absence and “darwins.” Our results show that populations within the modern range ofN. cinereashow little difference between warming and cooling events. However, northern, peripheral populations are absent during older, cooler periods, possibly due to climate or taphonomy. Our study suggests adaptation in situ may be an underestimated response to future climate change.
Decadal- to centennial-scale climate changes over the last 2000 yr recorded from varved sediments of Lake Kusai, northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jia Weihan , Liu Xingqi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-resolution climate archives of the Late Holocene are essential in the study of paleoclimatic dynamics and for understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic influences on past and future climate changes. Here, we present well-dated X-ray fluorescence scanning records retrieved from a varved sediment core from Lake Kusai. These records show the decadal- to centennial-scale paleoclimatic variability of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the last 2000 yr. Ca is mainly related to the precipitation of authigenic carbonates and is a proxy for temperature changes. The Ca record of Lake Kusai is well-correlated with the variations and periodicities of solar activity. Therefore, solar output can be suggested as being the predominant forcing mechanism of decadal- to centennial-scale temperature fluctuations over the last 2000 yr. The evolution of effective moisture was inferred from the log-ratios of Rb/Sr, which demonstrated synchronous changes with the typical Indian summer monsoon record from Dongge Cave. These results indicate that the decadal- to centennial-scale effective moisture evolution of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is mainly influenced by the Indian summer monsoon. Additionally, we have not found the evident periodicities of solar activity in our effective moisture record over the last 2000 yr.
Bishops and Politics in the Reign of Edward II: Hamo de Hethe, Henry Wharton, and the ‘Historia Roffensis’
Authors: Haines Roy Martin 
Published: May 2019

It was a commonplace of the times, featured in royal letters despatched abroad, and of course in the chronicles, that during the reign of Edward II the ‘indiscretum regimen’ of bishops coupled with their ‘taciturnitas’ lay at the root of the manifest political troubles.In 1944 Kathleen Edwards produced two articles on Edward II's bishops, relating respectively to their ‘learning’ and to their ‘political importance’. Fifteen years later, she treated another aspect of the topic, their ‘social origins and provenance’. These articles, based on her 1937 London MA thesis, provide the point of departure for further study, in particular for any prosopographical analysis. However, apart from transcripts of parliamentary proxies (PRO, SC 10) provided by Professor Johnstone and the briefMeditacio de Statu Prelati(BL, MS Royal 5 C. iii), ascribed to Simon de Ghent, printed sources only were used.
Hero or Villain? The evolving legacy of Shi Lang in China and Taiwan
Authors: PO RONALD C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor over two centuries, prominent officials, literary figures, and intellectuals in China have paid special attention to the legacy of Shi Lang. Compared to many other historical figures, Shi Lang remains essential to our understanding of the cross-strait tension and the murky outlook for its future. Although the image of Shi Lang continues to mean different things to different individuals, to some degree, his significance to one particular community is also communicated to other communities. By analysing most of the previous appraisals and examinations of Shi Lang, we can reveal the historical narratives of this man as being continually under construction in a shifting and mutually reinforcing process. This article aims to examine the ways in which the legacy of Shi Lang has percolated throughout Chinese history, since the Qing dynasty, and also how it continues to function in the present day. It is fascinating to not only delineate how the story of Shi Lang has evolved as a legacy, but also to explore the rich variety of ways in which an individual or a community has adapted the narratives that make up the story of Shi Lang to suit the demands of different historical settings and perspectives.
RILEVARE LA SECOLARIZZAZIONE: INDICATORI A GEOMETRIA VARIABILE
Authors: Cartocci Roberto 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl tema che intendo svolgere nelle pagine seguenti costituisce uno sviluppo - su un registro prevalentemente metodologico - di uno specifico problema cognitivo, che da alcuni anni è al centro dei miei interessi di ricerca. A tale problema, definibile con Carlo Tullio-Altan come «sindrome dell'arretratezza socioculturale italiana» (1986; 1989), ho tentato negli ultimi anni di portare dei contributi di conoscenza empirica, approfondendo gli aspetti del comportamento elettorale, degli orientamenti cattolici e della tendenza al localismo (Cartocci 1990; 1991a; 1991b).
I PRIMI MOVIMENTI SOCIALISTI IN EUROPA. CONSOLIDAMENTO ORGANIZZATIVO E MOBILITAZIONE POLITICA
Authors: Bartolini Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuesto saggio tratta della relazione tra socialismo politico-elettorale e socialismo corporato; cioè fra forme dirappresentanza politicae dirappresentanza degli interessinei primi movimenti socialisti europei, fra il 1860-1880 e il 1940. Il tema è affrontato sotto la duplice dimensione delconsolidamento organizzativoe dellamobilitazione degli aderenti.La prima si riferisce al processo di instaurazione e consolidamento di organizzazioni specifiche nel canale corporato-di gruppo e in quello partitico-elettorale, e al legame istituito fra di esse. La seconda alla capacità delle medesime organizzazioni di mobilitare soggetti individuali come membri dei sindacati, iscritti al partito e elettori. Nella prima parte il saggio passa in rassegna e discute il tema della mobilitazione politica; successivamente presenta un quadro concettuale dei legami tra i diversi canali di mobilitazione politica; in terzo luogo analizza brevemente le esperienze nazionali dei movimenti socialisti europei in riferimento a tale schema concettuale; infine prende in esame i livelli di mobilitazione elettorale, partitica e sindacale, ricollegandoli a quelli di consolidamento organizzativo.
L'IDENTIFICAZIONE DI PARTITO IN ITALIA: DUE INDICI A CONFRONTO
Authors: Palma Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneComponente importante e spesso frequentata degli studi sul comportamento politico, laparty identificationè un concetto che in Italia e, più in generale, in Europa, è stato sovente utilizzato senza una chiara indagine dei significati che può venire ad assumere in contesti di volta in volta differenti. Sviluppato negli anni ‘50 dai ricercatori delMichigan Groupcome elemento centrale nella spiegazione del comportamento elettorale e delle motivazioni di voto dell'elettore americano, la party identification è stata impiegata svariate volte in contesti nazionali diversi da quello americano per storia, struttura politica e sociale, cultura. Un concetto, dunque, che ha avuto molte «traduzioni», linguistiche e culturali, non sempre ininfluenti sui significati e le dimensioni originarie.Il modello dell'équipe di Campbell costituisce, tuttavia, un punto di riferimento obbligato, ogniqualvólta si voglia parlare di identificazione di partito; si tratterà poi di stabilire se la nozione di identificazione a cui si fa riferimento possa ancora essere considerata conforme con l'originale costrutto, oppure ci si trovi di fronte ad un nuovo concetto, differente e non riconducibile al primo.
Iron Age Pottery
Authors: Hamilton Sue 
Published: May 2019

Fabric categories.Fabric 1 : flint tendered (28%)Inclusions; medium size calcined flint temper of medium abundance (approximately 1000 grains per 1 gm of sherd) with a negligible backing of medium grade sand quartz natural to the clay.Example of analysed sherd: flint temper (99%0; G - 0.9%, VC - 8#5%, C - 26.8%, M - 39.4%, F - 24.4% quartz sand (1%); M - 11 grains per gram of sherdFiring and surface finish; surfaces and core are generally reduced but patches of buff, brown and orange exist. Exterior and some internal surfaces show signs of horizontal burnishing.Sherd wall thickness; 4 - 8 mmTechnology; handmade with evidence of coil construction and subsequent drawing up (Rye 1981, 67-73).
Catalogue of the Romano-British and Later
Metalwork
Authors: Butcher S A 
Published: May 2019

1 Complete copper alloy bracelet. One end is hooked and would have been
caught through the slot on the other flattened end. The decoration of
stamped circles and the form of the bracelet can be paralleled on late
fourth century examples from Lydney (Wheeler, 1932 fig 17). Interior, Box
95, L1.2 Bracelet of copper alloy. One end is hooked but enough of the other
survives to show that it was not flattened as No 1 above. The decoration
appears to be formed by a fine wire twisted round the main bar. Spiral
patterned bracelets occur throughout the Roman period. Interior, Box 227,
L1.
Details of Thin Section Analysis of Pottery Fabrics
Authors: Allen Carol 
Published: May 2019

Terms usedGrog relates to clay inclusions within the pottery which appear as discrete pieces of varying sizes. Usually such entities are assumed to be crushed parts of pre-existing pots.Sizes of quartz, grog, shell or other inclusions referred to in the analysis concern measurements taken on the longest axis of the grain or piece. In each case the maximum measurement stated is the longest observed in that particular section, and does not infer that other grains in the sample were all of this size, unless stated.Percentages of materials shown as included in the clay matrix are estimates expressed by area using comparison charts (Terry and Chilingar 1955, and Flugel 1982, 247-257).
Balneaves: Soil Thin Sections
Authors: Davidson Donald 
Published: May 2019

1. Structure: partially accommodated channels (0.16 to 0.80mm in width) above the pan; no aggregates; fewer channels below the pan; channel pattern - straight to curved; vughs (spherical to elongate, not normally connected) 0.4 to 0.8mm in diameter and are not orientated and have random pattern: above pan channels and vughs partially connected; pellicular grain microstructure - weakly developed.2. Mineral components: coarse fraction: quartz grains range in size from silt to fine/medium sand (<lmm). One large quartz (200mm). Dominance of single and compound quartz grains; instances of biotite and plagioclase; quartz grains -angular/subangular and smooth. Fine fraction: brown, optically amorphous iron oxides, isotropic.
Park of Tongland: Geology
Authors: Collins G 
Published: May 2019

The site country rock is greywacke and shale of Llandovery age (Silurian). There may be dykes of porphyrite in the near vicinity. This stone, with altered country rock, is worked at Tongland Quarry, 3/4 mile due south of the site.It was not possible to visit the site during the excavation; the identifications are of samples taken from features on site by the excavator. Samples were supplied from:-a. outcrop to west of the site and recorded by Coles as one of an outer arc of low standing stonesb. outcrop to north of the site and recorded by Coles (1895) as one of an outer arc of low standing stonesc. two samples of the cairn materiald. one sample from the cairn kerb material