bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BrainMap VBM: An environment for structural meta‐analysis
Authors: Vanasse Thomas J. , Fox P. Mickle , Barron Daniel S. , Robertson Michaela , Eickhoff Simon B. , Lancaster Jack L. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe BrainMap database is a community resource that curates peer‐reviewed, coordinate‐based human neuroimaging literature. By pairing the results of neuroimaging studies with their relevant meta‐data, BrainMap facilitates coordinate‐based meta‐analysis (CBMA) of the neuroimaging literature en masse or at the level of experimental paradigm, clinical disease, or anatomic location. Initially dedicated to the functional, task‐activation literature, BrainMap is now expanding to include voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) studies in a separate sector, titled: BrainMap VBM. VBM is a whole‐brain, voxel‐wise method that measures significant structural differences between or within groups which are reported as standardized, peak x–y–z coordinates. Here we describe BrainMap VBM, including the meta‐data structure, current data volume, and automated reverse inference functions (region‐to‐disease profile) of this new community resource. CBMA offers a robust methodology for retaining true‐positive and excluding false‐positive findings across studies in the VBM literature. As with BrainMap's functional database, BrainMap VBM may be synthesized en masse or at the level of clinical disease or anatomic location. As a use‐case scenario for BrainMap VBM, we illustrate a trans‐diagnostic data‐mining procedure wherein we explore the underlying network structure of 2,002 experiments representing over 53,000 subjects through independent components analysis (ICA). To reduce data‐redundancy effects inherent to any database, we demonstrate two data‐filtering approaches that proved helpful to ICA. Finally, we apply hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to measure network‐ and disease‐specificity. This procedure distinguished psychiatric from neurological diseases. We invite the neuroscientific community to further exploit BrainMap VBM with other modeling approaches.
fMRI connectivity of expressive language in young children and adolescents
Authors: Youssofzadeh Vahab , Vannest Jennifer , Kadis Darren S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudies of language representation in development have shown a bilateral distributed pattern of activation that becomes increasingly left‐lateralized and focal from young childhood to adulthood. However, the level by which canonical and extra‐canonical regions, including subcortical and cerebellar regions, contribute to language during development has not been well‐characterized. In this study, we employed fMRI connectivity analyses (fcMRI) to characterize the distributed network supporting expressive language in a group of young children (age 4–6) and adolescents (age 16–18). We conducted an fcMRI analysis using seed‐to‐voxel and seed‐to‐ROI (region of interest) strategies to investigate interactions of left pars triangularis with other brain areas. The analyses showed significant interhemispheric connectivity in young children, with a minimal connectivity of the left pars triangularis to subcortical and cerebellar regions. In contrast, adolescents showed significant connectivity between the left IFG seed and left perisylvian cortex, left caudate and putamen, and regions of the right cerebellum. Importantly, fcMRI analyses indicated significant differences between groups at 3 anatomical clusters, including left IFG, left supramarginal gyrus, and right cerebellar crura, suggesting a role in the functional development of language.
Evaluation of a pictorial method to obtain subject‐specific inertial properties in equine limb segments
Authors: Nauwelaerts Sandra , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractData describing segmental masses and moments of inertia (MOI) of limb segments are required for inverse dynamic calculations. In horses, these values are usually calculated using regression equations that have been developed from a limited number of horses representing a small number of breeds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a scaling method and a pictorial method for estimating of the values of segmental masses, lengths, and MOI in the equine limb segments by comparing their output with the standard technique involving direct measurements. Limbs of 30 horses of various breeds and sizes were disarticulated post mortem. Segmental masses, lengths, and MOI were determined using a standard method based on weighing the segments, measuring their length with calipers, and estimating the MOI from the rotational frequency of a trifilar pendulum. The scaling method used a jack‐knifing procedure to avoid the need for two data sets. The pictorial method was based on digitization of two orthogonal photographs to determine segmental volumes, which were combined with published values for average segment densities to determine the inertial parameters. Scaling method and pictorial method provided comparable estimation of segmental messes and lengths, but the scaling method performed better in estimating segmental MOI. The scaling method worked well enough in the majority of horses but there were a few horses in which it was less effective. The pictorial method sometimes showed a bias correctable by regression equations but it may not warrant the additional effort unless for specific cases.
Sentinel lymph node metastasis in primary cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma. A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kakagia Despoina D. , Zapandioti Polyxeni , Trypsiannis Grigoris , Grekou Alexandra N. , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectivesBasosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare, biologically aggressive tumor. This cross‐sectional study aims to define risk factors for subclinical nodal metastasis in primary BSC, and identify the patients who would benefit from routine sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) as part of the initial management.MethodsA total of 142 patients, with histologically proven BSC without palpable lymph nodes, underwent SLNB after the initial excision. Clinicopathological features and demographics were analyzed between the patients with detected micrometastasis (SLNM) and those with negative SLN.ResultsIn 7.7% patients, subcapsular and <0.1 mm SLNM were found. The frequency of SLNM was 0.9%, 11.8%, and 80.0% in patients with maximum lesion diameter ≤ 2 cm, 2.1‐3.0 cm and >3.0 cm, respectively (P < 0.001) and was strongly associated with perineural (P < 0.001; OR = 26.46, 95% CI = 5.62‐124.52) and lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001; OR = 17.35, 95% CI = 4.44‐67.91).Within 18‐84 months, no recurrence or metastasis were observed in SLNM positive patients. False negative SLNB rate of 15.4% was recorded.ConclusionCutaneous BSC is associated with early nodal metastatic potential. Tumor size >2 cm, lymphatic and perineural invasion are significant determinants for SLN micrometastasis. In the absence of palpable lymphadenopathy, wide resection and SLNB with long‐term follow‐up are highly recommended in these patients.
Multi‐center retrospective study of the prognosis and treatment outcomes of Japanese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with single lymph node metastasis and extra nodal extension
Authors: Hasegawa Takumi , Yanamoto Souichi , Otsuru Mitsunobu , Kakei Yasumasa , Okura Masaya , Yamakawa Nobuhiro , Yamada Shin‐ichi , Ota Yoshihide , Umeda Masahiro , Kirita Tadaaki , Kurita Hiroshi , Ueda Michihiro , Komori Takahide ,   Japan Oral Oncology Group (JOOG)
Published: May 2018

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) containing single lymph node metastasis (pN1) with extra nodal extension (ENE) is a rare clinical situation. Therefore, it is unclear whether pN1 with ENE is at high risk of recurrence among the OSCC population, or whether postoperative radiotherapy (RT)/concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is effective in these cases.ObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the prognosis and compare between no postoperative therapy and postoperative RT/CCRT in pN1 with ENE OSCC patients.MethodsClinicopathological data and treatment modalities were investigated. The evaluated endpoints were overall survival (OS) and type of recurrence.ResultsThe 3‐year cumulative OS rates for the pN1 only, multiple lymph node metastasis (MLM) only, ENE + MLM, and ENE + pN1 groups were 77.2%, 66.8%, 43.3%, and 66.6%, respectively. In the ENE + pN1 group, the most common cause of death in the surgery only group was from regional failure. The surgery + RT/CCRT group was associated with better disease‐specific survival and OS rates than the surgery only groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prognosis of ENE + pN1 was not as poor as that of ENE + MLM, although both these groups feature ENE. Adjuvant therapy (RT/CCRT) after surgery is recommend for cases of ENE + pN1.
Coarse and fine sediment sources in nested watersheds with eucalyptus forest
Authors: Rodrigues Miriam Fernanda , Reichert José Miguel , Burrow Robert A. , Flores Erico Marlon Moraes , Minella Jean Paolo Gomes , Rodrigues Lilian Alessandra , Oliveira Jussiane Souza Silva , Cavalcante Rosane Barbosa Lopes 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKnowledge on sediment behavior in watersheds contributes to properly implement soil and water conservation practices and solve sediment‐related environmental problems. We examined the effects of suspended and bedload sediments and location of potential sediment sources. We used geochemical properties to calculate sediment contributions, with sediment fingerprinting approach, in a watershed (0.98 km2) and in a sub‐watershed (0.39 km2) cropped to commercial eucalyptus along with native forest. The sediment sources evaluated were eucalyptus stand, stream bank along the main channel, and unpaved roads in each watershed. Two size‐fractions of source and sediment samples including fine (<0.063 mm) and coarse (0.063–2 mm) particles were analyzed. Particle size and source location in the watershed are major factors affecting the contribution of sediment sources. The closer the sediment source, the higher the sediment source contribution, especially for coarse particles. Runoff connectivity probably explains large changes in sediment source contributions over very short distances between sampling sites. The stream bank had the greater relative contribution to sediment yield, suggesting that the focal point for erosion control practices should be the channel rather than on the slopes with eucalyptus or riparian vegetation. Future studies should consider uncertainties in grouping sediment sources with a much better signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Tracking geomorphic recovery in process‐based river management
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie A. , Brierley Gary J. , Hancock Fergus , Cohen Tim J. , Brooks Andrew P. , Reinfelds Ivars , Cook Nick , Raine Allan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman disturbance induces significant geomorphic changes to river systems. In eastern Australia, land‐use practices such as clearance of forests and riparian vegetation, and removal of wood from channels in the 19th and 20th centuries induced widespread geomorphic impacts. However, since the 1970s, there has been a noticeable shift in the geomorphic condition of many rivers in eastern New South Wales (NSW). This transition to a recovery trajectory reflects a reduction in land‐use pressures and improved farming practices on the one hand and adoption of recovery enhancement approaches to river conservation and rehabilitation by management authorities on the other. Monitoring and tracking changes in condition by state government agencies involves identifying when geomorphic recovery is occurring so that decision‐support frameworks can determine whether river management is required, where, when, and how much to intervene to enhance river recovery and when to opt‐out of management because the system requires little (or no) intervention. Here, we document procedures that are used to manage process‐based, recovery enhancement in NSW. Following a brief review of river change in eastern NSW since European settlement, we outline an approach to identify and measure key geomorphic indicators of river recovery for different river types. We use case studies to demonstrate examples of geomorphic river recovery, prior to showing how state government agencies in NSW are monitoring trajectories and rates of recovery. Broader implications of this ‘good news story’ are discussed.
Estimating the age of Hb G‐Coushatta [β22(B4)Glu→Ala] mutation by haplotypes of β‐globin gene cluster in Denizli, Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Onur , Arikan Sanem , Atalay Ayfer , Atalay Erol O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHb G‐Coushatta variant was reported from various populations’ parts of the world such as Thai, Korea, Algeria, Thailand, China, Japan and Turkey. In our study, we aimed to discuss the possible historical relationships of the Hb G‐Coushatta mutation with the possible migration routes of the world. For this purpose, associated haplotypes were determined using polymorphic loci in the beta globin gene cluster of hemoglobin G‐Coushatta and normal populations in Denizli, Turkey.MethodsWe performed statistical analysis such as haplotype analysis, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, measurement of genetic diversity and population differentiation parameters, analysis of molecular variance using F‐statistics, historical‐demographic analyses, mismatch distribution analysis of both populations and applied the test statistics in Arlequin ver. 3.5 software program.ResultsThe diversity of haplotypes has been shown to indicate different genetic origins for two populations. However, AMOVA results, molecular diversity parameters and population demographic expansion times showed that the Hb G‐Coushatta mutation develops on the normal population gene pool. Our estimated τ values showed the average time since the demographic expansion for normal and Hb G‐Coushatta populations ranged from approximately 42,000 to 38,000 ybp, respectively.ConclusionOur data suggest that Hb G‐Coushatta population originate in normal population in Denizli, Turkey. These results support the hypothesis that the multiple origin of Hb G‐Coushatta and indicate that mutation may have been triggered the formation of new variants on beta globin haplotypes.
Applications of the Whittaker smoother in NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Cobas Carlos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Whittaker smoother, a special case of penalized least square, is a multipurpose algorithm that has proven to be very useful in many scientific fields, including image processing, chromatography, and optical spectroscopy. It shares many similarities with the Savitzky–Golay algorithm, but it is significantly faster and easier to automate. Its use in nuclear magnetic resonance, however, is not widespread although several applications have recently been published. In this review, the mathematical background of the method and its main applications in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy will be discussed.
Prediction of Mortality with A Body Shape Index in Young Asians: Comparison with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference
Authors: Lee Da‐Young , Lee Mi‐Yeon , Sung Ki‐Chul 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThis paper investigated the impact of A Body Shape Index (ABSI) on the risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the impact of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis paper reviewed data of 213,569 Korean adults who participated in health checkups between 2002 and 2012 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in Seoul, Korea. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed on the BMI, WC, and ABSI z score continuous variables as well as quintiles.ResultsDuring 1,168,668.7 person‐years, 1,107 deaths occurred. As continuous variables, a significant positive relationship with the risk of all‐cause death was found only in ABSI z scores after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, presence of diabetes or hypertension, and history of cardiovascular diseases. In Cox analysis of quintiles, quintile 5 of the ABSI z score showed significantly increased hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality risk (HR [95% CI] was 1.32 [1.05‐1.66]), whereas the risk for all‐cause mortality, on the other hand, decreased in quintiles 3 through 5 of BMI and WC compared with their first quintiles after adjusting for several confounders.ConclusionsThis study showed that the predictive value of ABSI for mortality risk was strong for a sample of young Asian participants and that its usefulness was better than BMI or WC.
Reduced curing kinetic energy and enhanced thermal resistance of phthalonitrile resins modified with inorganic particles
Authors: Song Yuanyuan , Zong Lishuai , Bao Feng , Li Guiyang , Wu Zuoqiang , Li Nan , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: May 2018

The effects of inorganic particles such as Al2O3 and B4C on the solidification kinetics and heat resistance of phthalonitrile resin were investigated. The properties of the blends and the cured products were tested by rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that B4C and Al2O3 inorganic particles could prolong the gel time of phthalonitrile resin and broaden the processing window. The curing kinetic analysis showed that the presence of the particles could significantly reduce the curing activation energy of phthalonitrile resins by 72.38 kJ/mol down to 43.03 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, the heat resistance of the phthalonitrile resin was improved. Among them, the blend system combined with 30% B4C showed prominent thermoresistance. And while the Td5% weight loss temperature was 600°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 86% under nitrogen atmosphere; while the Td5% weight loss temperature was 581°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 80% under air atmosphere. Hence, the resulting resins were good candidate matrix of high‐temperature structural composites.
Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose‐g‐poly (acrylamide)/montmorillonite superabsorbent composite as a slow‐release urea fertilizer
Authors: Kenawy El‐Refaie , Azaam Mohamed M. , El‐nshar Esraa M. 
Published: May 2018

A superabsorbent composite was synthesized through free‐radical graft copolymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, and montmorillonite by means of a crosslinker such as N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The preparation mechanism was proposed, and the composite structures were confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The factors influencing the swelling capacity of the composite were determined to accomplish the highly swelling capacity. The composition (15 wt% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5.4 wt% montmorillonite, 82 wt% acrylamide, 0.07 wt% N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide, and 1.1 wt% potassium persulfate) exhibited high swelling capacity; it was selected to be loaded with urea fertilizer, and the release was investigated by measuring the conductivity. The results showed that the new controlled release system has good slow release properties.
Vapochromic polyketone films based on aggregation‐induced enhanced emission
Authors: Iasilli Giuseppe , Scatto Marco , Pucci Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Aliphatic polyketone (PK) films physically mixed with moderate amounts (0.6 wt%) of 4,4′‐bis(2‐benzoxazolyl)stilbene (BBS) fluorophores were demonstrated to be sensitive to volatile organic compounds. Notably, BBS/PK blends were prepared by means of a continuous 1‐step extrusion process in a pilot‐scale twin screw extruder and compression molded followed by rapid quenching in liquid nitrogen to get thin films (thickness of 150 μm) containing molecularly dispersed blue emissive BBS fluorophores. The 0.6 wt% BBS/PK films demonstrated significant vapochromism when exposed to volatile organic compounds characterized by favorable interactions with the polymer matrix such as chloroform. Solvent absorption caused PK matrix plasticization, thus increasing BBS mobility and triggering the self‐associations of molecules into bluish green‐emissive excimers/aggregates thanks to the emersion of the typical band at 500 nm. This phenomenon preferentially involves the BBS/PK film layers close to the air‐contact surface without affecting the bulk characteristics of the PK matrix. The easy modulation of the luminescent properties of PK films by varying the supramolecular organization of BBS dispersed molecules by chemical perturbations, and the use of melt‐processing procedures suggests the use for the first time of aliphatic PK in the development of smart materials for sensing applications.
Post‐polymerization modification of a new reactive monolith for reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography of neutral, polar, and biologically active compounds
Authors: Gökaltun Aslıhan , Tuncel Ali 
Published: May 2018

A reactive monolith based on the polymerization of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate, (HPMA‐Cl), with a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), was synthesized and post‐functionalized with a macromolecular ligand polyethyleneimine. Monolithic columns with controlled permeability and pore structure were prepared by free radical polymerization in the presence of a binary porogenic mixture of isopropanol and decanol. The presence of chloropropyl functionality in the pristine monolith allowed the synthesis of a post‐fuctionalized monolith carrying cationic groups that was used to control the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in electrochromatographic separation. In the synthesis of pristine monoliths, the feed concentration of functional monomer (ie, HPMA‐Cl) was changed between 30 and 60 v/v % for obtaining cationic monoliths providing satisfactory electrochromatographic separation. The best electrochromatographic performance was obtained with the polyethyleneimine functionalized monolith prepared by using the pristine monolith obtained by 60% (v/v) monomer concentration. This monolith was used in reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography modes for the separation of alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and nucleosides, using mobile phases with low acetonitrile (ACN) contents ranging between 20% and 35% (v/v). This ACN range was remarkably lower than the content of ACN used on the hydrophilic polymethacrylate‐based monoliths reported previously (ie, >90%). The plate heights up to 5.3 μm were obtained for the separation of nucleosides with the environmental friendly mobile phases whose ACN contents were also remarkably lower than that of similar polymethacrylate‐based monoliths.
Electrochemical reduction of 2,4‐dimethyl(diethyl)‐9‐oxo‐10‐(4‐heptoxyphenyl)‐9H‐thioxanthenium hexafluorophosphates and 2,4‐dimethyl(diethyl)‐9H‐thioxanthene‐9‐ones
Authors: Shundrin Leonid A. , Avrorov Pavel A. , Irtegova Irina G. , Odintsov Danila S. , Poveshchenko Alexander F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of 2,4‐dimethyl(diethyl)‐9‐oxo‐10‐(4‐heptoxyphenyl)‐9H‐thioxanthenium hexafluorophosphates in acetonitrile (MeCN) and N,N‐dimethylformamide is an irreversible 1‐electron process accompanied by the cleavage of the C(Ph)‐S bond in thioxanthenium cations with the formation of the corresponding 2,4‐dimethyl(diethyl)‐9H‐thioxanthene‐9‐ones. One‐electron reversible electrochemical reduction of the latter compounds occurs at more negative potentials and yields the corresponding radical anions, which have been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6‐31+G*/polarizable continuum model level of theory.