bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent predictors of survival after traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation
Authors: Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Cheng Vincent , Bardes James M. , Heindel Patrick , Matsushima Kazuhide , Benjamin Elizabeth , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) occurs when the skull base is forcibly separated from the vertebral column. Existing literature on AOD is sparse and risk factors for mortality are unknown. This study determined independent predictors of survival after AOD.

METHODS
Patients who sustained AOD were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007–2014). Those arriving without signs of life or with missing mortality data were excluded. Study groups were defined as patients who survived to hospital discharge versus patients who died in hospital. Demographics, injury data, interventions, and outcomes were compared between groups using univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of survival.

RESULTS
After applying exclusion criteria, 1,489 patients (<1% of National Trauma Data Bank) were identified. Median age was 37 years (interquartile range [IQR), 20–59 years], and 59% of patients were male. Atlanto-occipital dissociation occurred almost exclusively after blunt mechanisms (97%), most commonly motor vehicle collisions (66%). Median injury severity score (ISS) was 25 (IQR, 10–36), with 22% mortality. Median time to death was 1,358 minutes (IQR, 281–4,451 minutes), approximately 23 hours. Independent predictors of survival were higher Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (p < 0.001), lower ISS (p = 0.011), lower Abbreviated Injury Scale score for the head (p = 0.001), and the lack of need for exploratory laparotomy (p < 0.001). Time to neurosurgical intervention of the spine was not predictive of survival (p > 0.05). Patients who survived had a median hospital length of stay of 5 days (IQR, 1–14 days) and intensive care unit length of stay of 1 day (IQR, 0–7 days). The most common discharge destination was home (n = 393 [34%]).

CONCLUSIONS
Traumatic AOD is not uniformly fatal, with 78% of patients who arrive alive to hospital surviving to discharge. When death occurs, it is typically within the first 23 hours. Lower ISS and higher Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission independently predict survival, while time to neurosurgical intervention does not. Survivors have a short hospital stay and are commonly discharged home. This study suggests that AOD among patients who arrive alive to hospital may not be as devastating as previously considered.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Progonostic/Epidemiological, level III; Therapeutic, level IV.
Long-term Outcome of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Male Parkinson Disease Patients
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Yabe Ichiro , Kanno Yukiko , Higuchi Madoka , Ouchi Mifuka , Togo Mio , Moriya Kimihiko , Takahashi Ikuko , Matsushima Masaaki , Sasaki Hidenao , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
In addition to motor symptoms, bladder dysfunction is a major clinical issue in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Istradefylline is adenosine A2A receptor antagonist approved for PD patients with wearing-off symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of istradefylline on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) in PD patients.

Methods
We enrolled 14 male PD patients. The mean age of patients was 73 years (61–77 years), the Hoehn-Yahr stage was 2 (2–3), and disease duration was 9 years (3–28 years). The effects of istradefylline (20 mg/d) on LUTSs in PD patients with motor complications after 3, 6, and 12 months of therapy were evaluated based on the International Prostate Symptom Score and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score before and after its administration.

Results
Motor symptoms significantly improved at 12 months' administration (Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III: 30.0 ± 12.9 vs 13.8 ± 8.1; P < 0.01). Significant improvements were also observed in the answers provided on urinary questionnaires (International Prostate Symptom Score, 14.4 ± 7.6 vs 8.5 ± 6.8; Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, 6.9 ± 2.8 vs 5.5 ± 3.7; P < 0.05). Nighttime urinary frequency and the percentage of the nocturnal urine volume also improved significantly at 3 months' administration (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Istradefylline effectively improved not only motor symptoms, but also LUTSs in patients with PD.
Endosymbiotic adaptations in three new bacterial species associated with Dictyostelium discoideum: Burkholderia agricolaris sp. nov., Burkholderia hayleyella sp. nov., and Burkholderia bonniea sp. nov
Authors: Brock Debra A. , Hubert Alicia N.M. , Noh Suegene , DiSalvo Susanne , Geist Katherine S. , Haselkorn Tamara , Queller David C. , Strassmann Joan E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere we name three species of Burkholderia that can defeat the mechanisms by which bacteria are normally excluded from the spores of a soil dwelling eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum, which is predatory on bacteria. They are B. agricolaris sp. nov., B. hayleyella sp. nov., and B. bonniea sp. nov. These new species are widespread across the eastern USA and were isolated as internal symbionts of wild collected D. discoideum. Evidence that they are each a distinct new species comes from their phylogenetic position, carbon usage, reduced cell length, cooler optimal growth temperature, and ability to invade D. discoideum amoebae and remain there for generations.
Circularization of genes and chromosome by CRISPR in human cells
Authors: Devitt Møller Henrik , Lin Lin , Xiang Xi , Petersen Trine Skov , Huang Jinrong , Yang Luhan , Kjeldsen Eigil , Jensen Uffe Birk , Zhang Xiuqing , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Church George M. , Bolund Lars , Regenberg Birgitte , Luo Yonglun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) and ring chromosomes are genetic alterations found in humans with genetic disorders and diseases such as cancer. However, there is a lack of genetic engineering tool to recapitulate these features. Here, we report the discovery that delivery of pairs of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNAs into human cells generate functional eccDNAs and ring chromosomes. We generated a dual-fluorescence eccDNA biosensor system, which allows us to study CRISPR deletion, inversion, and circularization of genes inside cells. Analysis after CRISPR editing at intergenic and genic loci in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human mammary fibroblasts reveal that CRISPR deleted DNA readily form eccDNA in human cells. DNA in sizes from a few hundred base pairs up to a 47.4 megabase-sized ring chromosome (chr18) can be circularized. Our discoveries advance and expand CRISPR-Cas9 technology applications for genetic engineering, modeling of human diseases, and chromosome engineering.One Sentence Summary: CRISPR circularization of DNA offers new tools for studying eccDNA biogenesis, function, chromosome engineering, and synthetic biology.
Functional connectivity alterations in Parkinson’s disease during the stop-signal task
Authors: Vriend Chris , Leffa Douglas T. , Trujillo James P. , Gerrits Niels J.H.M. , de Boer Femke E. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van den Heuvel Odile A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough deficits in response inhibition are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), studies on their neural correlates are relatively scarce. In our previous study, medication-naïve PD patients showed, among others, lower activation of the inhibition-related bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared with healthy controls while performing the stop-signal task. Here we report on a follow-up study in the same cohort.Fourteen medicated PD patients and 16 healthy controls performed the same stop-signal task during MRI; 3.1±1.0 years after our previous study. During that time, all PD patients had started to use dopaminergic medication. We analyzed task-related functional activity and connectivity in the bilateral IFG and anterior insula, brain regions that are important response inhibition. Task-related functional connectivity was analyzed with generalized psychophysiological interaction.PD patients were significantly slower on response initiation (GO reaction time) and response inhibition (stop-signal reaction time) than healthy controls. There were no between-group differences in functional activity. On the other hand, functional connectivity of the IFG and anterior insula was significantly lower in PD compared with healthy controls. Mainly the inferior parietal lobule and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were less connected with these seed regions.These results show that early-stage medicated PD patients show lower task-related functional connectivity but not activity of brain regions that are important for response inhibition; the IFG and anterior insula. We tentatively speculate that the use of dopaminergic medication upheld task-related activity but not connectivity.
Stepwise C-Terminal Truncation of Cardiac Troponin T Alters Function at Low and Saturating Ca2+
Authors: Johnson D. , Angus W. , Chalovich J.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractActivation of striated muscle contraction occurs in response to Ca2+binding to troponin C (TnC). The resulting reorganization of troponin repositions tropomyosin on actin and permits activation of myosin catalyzed ATP hydrolysis. It now appears that the levels of activity at both low and saturating Ca2+are modulated by the C-terminal 14 amino acids of cardiac troponin T (TnT). We made a series of mutants of human cardiac troponin T, isoform 2, with deletions from the C-terminal end: Δ4, Δ6, Δ8, Δ10 and Δ14. We measured the effect of these mutations on the normalized ATPase activity at saturating Ca2+, the change in acrylodan tropomyosin fluorescence at low Ca2+, and the degree of Ca2+stimulation of the rate of binding of rigor myosin S1 to pyrene-labeled actin-tropomyosin-troponin. Together, these measurements define the distribution of actin-tropomyosin-troponin among the 3 regulatory states. Results from rates of rigor S1 binding deviated from other measurements when > 8 residues of TnT were deleted. That deviation was due to increased rates of binding of rigor S1 to pyrene-labeled actin with truncated TnT at saturating Ca2+. Such behavior violated a key assumption in the determination of the B state by this method. Nevertheless, all methods show that as residues were removed from the C-terminus of TnT there was approximately a proportional loss of the inactive B state at low Ca2+and an increase in the active M state at saturating Ca2+. Most of the C-terminal 14 residues of human cardiac troponin T are essential for forming the inactive B state at low Ca2+and for limiting the formation of the active M state at saturating Ca2+.
Improved single-molecule localization precision in astigmatism-based 3D superresolution imaging using weighted likelihood estimation
Authors: Bohrer Christopher H. , Yang Xinxing , Lyu Zhixin , Wang Shih-Chin , Xiao Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAstigmatism-based superresolution microscopy is widely used to determine the position of individual fluorescent emitters in three-dimensions (3D) with subdiffraction-limited resolutions. This point spread function (PSF) engineering technique utilizes a cylindrical lens to modify the shape of the PSF and break its symmetry above and below the focal plane. The resulting asymmetric PSFs at different z-positions for single emitters are fit with an elliptical 2D-Gaussian function to extract the widths along two principle x- and y-axes, which are then compared with a pre-measured calibration function to determine its z-position. While conceptually simple and easy to implement, in practice, distorted PSFs due to an imperfect optical system often compromise the localization precision; and it is laborious to optimize a multi-purpose optical system. Here we present a methodology that is independent of obtaining a perfect PSF and enhances the localization precision along the z-axis. By utilizing multiple calibration images of fluorescent beads at varying z-planes and characterizing experimentally measured background distributions, we numerically approximated the probability of observing a certain signal in a given pixel from a single emitter at a particular z-plane. We then used a weighted maximum likelihood estimator (WLE) to determine the 3D-position of the emitter. We demonstrate that this approach enhances z-axis localization precision in all conditions we tested, in particular when the PSFs deviate from a standard 2D Gaussian model.
E-fulfilment and distribution in omni-channel retailing: a systematic literature review
Authors: Melacini Marco , Perotti Sara , Rasini Monica , Tappia Elena 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Given the progressive growth of e-commerce sales and the rising interest in omni-channel (OC) retailing amongst academics and practitioners, the purpose of this paper is to provide an up-to-date literature review on the logistics involved when moving towards OC retailing. Specifically, we have examined the main issues relating to e-fulfilment and distribution, highlighting how the topic has been developed over time, and identifying the most promising research streams for the near future.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review methodology is adopted. The review is based on 58 papers published from 2002 to 2017 in 34 international journals. The papers were analysed and categorised according to their defining characteristics, methodologies adopted and themes addressed.

Findings
This paper provides an overview of the main issues relating to e-fulfilment and distribution experienced by companies shifting towards OC, mapped along three dimensions: distribution network design, inventory and capacity management, delivery planning and execution. Despite the growing interest in OC retailing, many key topics are still under-represented, including the evolution of retail distribution networks, assortment planning over multiple channels, the logistics role played by stores in the delivery process and the interplay between different logistics aspects.

Originality/value
The paper offers insights into the main logistics issues in MC and OC retailing, as well as highlights potential fields for further investigation. From a managerial perspective, this paper is useful for retailers adopting an OC approach to guide their future efforts concerning their business logistics model.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: a gateway to sustainable economic development
Authors: Kousar Shazia , Rehman Abdul , Zafar Mahwish , Ali Kamran , Nasir Nadia 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss positive spillovers of this project, especially for Pakistan because the majority of the literature discusses challenges associated with China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews the available literature to assess the role of CPEC in the sustainable economic development of Pakistan.FindingsThis study indicates that CPEC is an ambitious development project because it needs a larger restructuring of the economy of Pakistan and it will be productive with the successful blend of policy changes and participation of the business community in Pakistan. This project primarily creates a huge amount of foreign direct investment for Pakistan, at the same time, it will also create greater trade opportunities to China by giving access to a new market for its trading goods.Originality/valueThis study established that CPEC will improve the economic growth and trade, enhance regional connectivity, overcome energy crises, develop infrastructure and establish people-to-people contacts in both the countries, which will further help to improve the tourism sector.
Austerity to materialism and brand consciousness: luxury consumption in India
Authors: Sharda Nikita , Bhat Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of materialism and brand consciousness in determining the luxury consumption among the young Indian consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to measure materialism, brand consciousness, attitude toward luxury brands and purchase intention, pre-established scale items were used to design the self-administered questionnaire. A valid sample of 342 respondents was collected through mall intercepts, in-store intercepts, luxury brands exhibitions and festivals and international airports. The relationship was tested using regression analysis.

Findings
The findings support that the materialism and brand consciousness are positively related to the luxury consumption in India and play an important role in predicting the behavior of the young luxury buyers. The Indian youth is buying expensive luxury brands as symbols of status success and wealth in order to fulfill their materialistic goals. The desire to own and possess the well-known and expensive brand names demonstrates the importance the consumers attach to the social and symbolic value of the luxury brands.

Practical implications
The study reveals that the young Indian luxury buyers choose to buy brands that are most advertised. Creative advertisements enhancing luxury brands’ symbolic and social value can be effective. The study has implications for the international luxury brands, as they are expensive, well known and famous among the global consumers.

Originality/value
The key contribution of the study is the establishment of materialism and brand consciousness as important antecedents in the development of attitude toward luxury brands among the young Indian consumers.
Dynamic ease evaluation for 3D garment design
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Little Trevor John 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
3D garment design technology is developing rapidly thereby creating a need for different approaches to developing the patterns. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the 3D dynamic ease distribution for a 3D garment design.

Design/methodology/approach
Standard garments were created from Size 2 to Size 14 for ten human subjects. Landmarks location on both human body and the standard garment under dynamic postures are recorded, and he fit and comfort evaluation of the standard garment were collected from the ten human subjects. Finally, these data were used to evaluate the 3D dynamic ease distribution for a 3D garment design.

Findings
3D dynamic ease evaluation is challenging and the findings showed that the upper-arm design is a core element of the whole 3D garment design. The upper arm is not only a connecting part for both front and back pieces of the garment, but is also the main active part of the body, so it is the essential element to affect the comfort and fit of the garment under dynamic postures.

Originality/value
This research provides a novel 3D ease evaluation by analyzing the landmarks location of both human body and standard garment, and fit and comfort evaluation of the standard garment, which are all carried under dynamic postures.
Mental health recovery and arts engagement
Authors: Jensen Anita 
Published: April 2018

PurposeArts and cultural activities have been illustrated to be beneficial for mental health service users. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of museum visits and engage in arts activities for mental health service users.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 mental health service users in Denmark. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data and theoretical lens of sociological theories of institutional logics was employed to explore the findings.FindingsThese benefits are perceived to include empowerment and meaning in life, which are two of the core principles of recovery; arts engagement can, therefore, be a useful tool in recovery. The findings also show that the experience of visiting a museum was not always positive and depended upon the interaction with the museum educators.Originality/valueThe service users identified arts engagement as creating meaning in life and empowerment, which are two element in the conceptual framework, CHIME (an acronym for: Connectedness, Hope and optimism, Identity, Meaning in life and Empowerment), that describes the human process of recovery. The findings also highlighted that if museums want to engage positively with people with mental health problems and contribute to their recovery then the training of staff and the improvement of institutional approaches to support working with vulnerable people are essential.
Economic growth, disparity, and determinants of female labor force participation
Authors: Kumari Reena 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the themes of relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation; and to identify the factors which determine females to participate in labor market. The paper uses a framework incorporating a U-shaped relationship between FLFP and economic growth, gender wise wage disparity and economic, social, cultural and other factors which affects FLFP.

Design/methodology/approach
Thematically, the selected literature falls into three main categories: the relationship between FLFP and economic growth; disparity in work participation in terms of male and female wages; and drivers or determinants of FLFP which have been described using international documents and experiences of the different countries. The review closes by identifying gaps in the existing research base and by suggesting areas for inquiry that have been untouched and warrant further research.

Findings
The key findings emerging from this examination of literature show that the FLFP rate exhibits a U-shaped during the process of economic development. Also, there are evidences of gender pay disparity across the sectors which have been justified by documenting a large number of existing literatures. Demographic factors (including fertility, migration, marriages and child care), economic factors (including unemployment, per capita income, non-farm job and infrastructure) and other explanatory variables which include the regulatory context encompassing family and childcare policies, tax regimes, and presence of subsidized health-care for workers determine the FLFP.

Practical implications
This paper suggests that in order to bring equality in gender pay gap, there is a requirement of replacing the traditional value system. There is need to provide an environment in which women are encouraged and supported in their efforts, in which women have equitable access to resources and opportunities.

Social implications
This paper addresses the impact of education, culture and child care subsidies on female labor participation. They positively impact FLFP and such a link has not been sufficiently addressed in prior literature.

Originality/value
In contrast to previous studies which document a broad-based picture of female work participation, this type of research deals with the link between economic growth and female labor participation, gender wage disparity and determinants of it which has been largely unexplored so far.