bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of the spin cycloid in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Burns Stuart R. , Sando Daniel , Xu Bin , Dupé Bertrand , Russell Lachlan , Deng Guochu , Clements Richard , Paull Oliver H. C. , Seidel Jan , Bellaiche Laurent , Valanoor Nagarajan , Ulrich Clemens 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and manipulating complex spin texture in multiferroics can offer new perspectives for electric field-controlled spin manipulation. In BiFeO3, a well-known room temperature multiferroic, the competition between various exchange interactions manifests itself as non-collinear spin order, i.e., an incommensurate spin cycloid with period 64 nm. We report on the stability and systematic expansion of the length of the spin cycloid in (110)-oriented epitaxial Co-doped BiFeO3 thin films. Neutron diffraction shows (i) this cycloid, despite its partly out-of-plane canted propagation vector, can be stabilized in thinnest films; (ii) the cycloid length expands significantly with decreasing film thickness; (iii) theory confirms a unique [$$11\bar 2$$

11

2

¯

] cycloid propagation direction; and (iv) in the temperature dependence the cycloid length expands significantly close to TN. These observations are supported by Monte Carlo simulations based on a first-principles effective Hamiltonian method. Our results therefore offer new opportunities for nanoscale magnonic devices based on complex spin textures.
Impaired illness awareness in schizophrenia and posterior corpus callosal white matter tract integrity
Authors: Gerretsen Philip , Rajji Tarek K. , Shah Parita , Shahab Saba , Sanches Marcos , Graff-Guerrero Ariel , Menon Mahesh , Pollock Bruce G. , Mamo David C. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Voineskos Aristotle N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImpaired illness awareness (Imp-IA) in schizophrenia is associated with interhemispheric imbalance, resulting in left hemisphere dominance, primarily within the posterior parietal area (PPA). This may represent an interhemispheric “disconnection syndrome” between PPAs. To test this hypothesis, we aimed to determine if diffusion-based measures of white matter integrity were disrupted in the corpus callosal tracts linking PPAs (i.e., splenium) in patients with Imp-IA in schizophrenia. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted scans were acquired on a 1.5T GE scanner for 100 participants with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia and 134 healthy controls aged 18 to 79 years. The corpus callosal white matter tracts were compared among patients with Imp-IA (n = 40), intact illness awareness (n = 60), and healthy controls. White matter disruption was measured with fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Group differences in FA were found in the splenium, with patients with Imp-IA having the lowest FA, which remained significant after controlling for sex, age, global cognition, and premorbid intelligence. No group differences in MD were observed. Splenial white matter tracts of the corpus callosum appear compromised in patients with Imp-IA. Transcallosal interhemispheric PPA white matter disruption may represent a “disconnection syndrome”, manifesting as Imp-IA in schizophrenia. Future studies are required to investigate the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions, such as transcranial direct current or magnetic stimulation, on Imp-IA in association with white matter changes in patients with schizophrenia.
Effectiveness of Dettol Antiseptic Liquid for Inactivation of Ebola Virus in Suspension
Authors: Cutts Todd A. , Ijaz M. Khalid , Nims Raymond W. , Rubino Joseph R. , Theriault Steven S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe efficacy of Dettol Antiseptic Liquid (DAL) for inactivating Ebola virus (Makona C07 variant) (EBOV/Mak) within an organic load in suspension was evaluated per ASTM E1052-11. Three DAL lots were evaluated at dilutions of 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40, with contact times of 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 min. Approximately 7 log10 tissue culture infectious dose50 (TCID50) of EBOV/Mak was exposed to DAL at ambient temperature. Each dilution tested reduced the infectious EBOV/Mak titer by ~5 log10 within one min. Detectable virus was still present after an 0.5-min exposure, but each DAL dilution caused >4 log10 reduction within this time. Detection of virus below the limit of detection of the TCID50 assay was assessed by inoculating flasks of Vero E6 cells with undiluted neutralized sample and evaluating the cultures for cytopathic effect after 14 days incubation. No infectious virus was detected with this non-quantitative method in samples subjected to DAL for 5 or 10 min, regardless of the dilution evaluated. The rapid and substantial inactivation of EBOV/Mak by DAL suggests that use of this hygiene product could help prevent the spread of Ebola virus disease during outbreaks.
Structural prerequisites for CRM1-dependent nuclear export signaling peptides: accessibility, adapting conformation, and the stability at the binding site
Authors: Lee Yoonji , Pei Jimin , Baumhardt Jordan M. , Chook Yuh Min , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNuclear export signal (NES) motifs function as essential regulators of the subcellular location of proteins by interacting with the major nuclear exporter protein, CRM1. Prediction of NES is of great interest in many aspects of research including cancer, but currently available methods, which are mostly based on the sequence-based approaches, have been suffered from high false positive rates since the NES consensus patterns are quite commonly observed in protein sequences. Therefore, finding a feature that can distinguish real NES motifs from false positives is desired to improve the prediction power, but it is quite challenging when only using the sequence. Here, we provide a comprehensive table for the validated cargo proteins, containing the location of the NES consensus patterns with the disordered propensity plots, known protein domain information, and the predicted secondary structures. It could be useful for determining the most plausible NES region in the context of the whole protein sequence and suggests possibilities for some non-binders of the annotated regions. In addition, using the currently available crystal structures of CRM1 bound to various classes of NES peptides, we adopted, for the first time, the structure-based prediction of the NES motifs bound to the CRM1’s binding groove. Combining sequence-based and structure-based predictions, we suggest a novel and more straight-forward approach to identify CRM1-binding NES sequences by analysis of their structural prerequisites and energetic evaluation of the stability at the CRM1’s binding site.
High-throughput single-cell whole-genome amplification through centrifugal emulsification and eMDA
Authors: Fu Yusi , Zhang Fangli , Zhang Xiannian , Yin Junlong , Du Meijie , Jiang Mengcheng , Liu Lu , Li Jie , Huang Yanyi , Wang Jianbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSingle-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) is mainly used to probe intercellular genomic variations, focusing on the copy number variations or alterations and the single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) occurring within single cells. Single-cell whole-genome amplification (scWGA) needs to be applied before scWGS but is challenging due to the low copy number of DNA. Besides, many genomic variations are rare within a population of cells, so the throughput of currently available scWGA methods is far from satisfactory. Here, we integrate a one-step micro-capillary array (MiCA)-based centrifugal droplet generation technique with emulsion multiple displacement amplification (eMDA) and demonstrate a high-throughput scWGA method, MiCA-eMDA. MiCA-eMDA increases the single-run throughput of scWGA to a few dozen, and enables the assessment of copy number variations and alterations at 50-kb resolution. Downstream target enrichment further enables the detection of SNVs with 20% allele drop-out.
Carbon radio recombination lines from gigahertz to megahertz frequencies towards Orion A
Authors: Salas P. , Oonk J. B. R. , Emig K. L. , Pabst C. , Toribio M. C. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: April 2019

Context. The combined use of carbon radio recombination lines (CRRLs) and the 158μm-[CII] line is a powerful tool for the study of the energetics and physical conditions (e.g., temperature and density) of photodissociation regions (PDRs). However, there are few observational studies that exploit this synergy.
Aims. Here we explore the relation between CRRLs and the 158μm-[CII] line in light of new observations and models.
Methods. We present new and existing observations of CRRLs in the frequency range 0.15–230 GHz with ALMA, VLA, the GBT, Effelsberg 100m, and LOFAR towards Orion A (M 42). We complement these observations with SOFIA observations of the 158μm-[CII] line. We studied two PDRs: the foreground atomic gas, known as the Veil, and the dense PDR between the HII region and the background molecular cloud.
Results. In the Veil we are able to determine the gas temperature and electron density, which we use to measure the ionization parameter and the photoelectric heating efficiency. In the dense PDR, we are able to identify a layered PDR structure at the surface of the molecular cloud to the south of the Trapezium cluster. There we find that the radio lines trace the colder portion of the ionized carbon layer, the C+/C/CO interface. By modeling the emission of the 158μm-[CII] line and CRRLs as arising from a PDR we derive a thermal pressure >5 × 107 K cm−3 and a radiation field G0 ≈ 105 close to the Trapezium.
Conclusions. This work provides additional observational support for the use of CRRLs and the 158μm-[CII] line as complementary tools to study dense and diffuse PDRs, and highlights the usefulness of CRRLs as probes of the C+/C/CO interface.
Defining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐derived small extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Witwer Kenneth W. , Van Balkom Bas W.M. , Bruno Stefania , Choo Andre , Dominici Massimo , Gimona Mario , Hill Andrew F. , De Kleijn Dominique , Koh Mickey , Lai Ruenn Chai , Mitsialis S. Alex , Ortiz Luis A. , Rohde Eva , Asada Takashi , Toh Wei Seong , Weiss Daniel J. , Zheng Lei , Giebel Bernd , Lim Sai Kiang 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are transiting rapidly towards clinical applications. However, discrepancies and controversies about the biology, functions, and potency of MSC‐sEVs have arisen due to several factors: the diversity of MSCs and their preparation; various methods of sEV production and separation; a lack of standardized quality assurance assays; and limited reproducibility of in vitro and in vivo functional assays. To address these issues, members of four societies (SOCRATES, ISEV, ISCT and ISBT) propose specific harmonization criteria for MSC‐sEVs to facilitate data sharing and comparison, which should help to advance the field towards clinical applications. Specifically, MSC‐sEVs should be defined by quantifiable metrics to identify the cellular origin of the sEVs in a preparation, presence of lipid‐membrane vesicles, and the degree of physical and biochemical integrity of the vesicles. For practical purposes, new MSC‐sEV preparations might also be measured against a well‐characterized MSC‐sEV biological reference. The ultimate goal of developing these metrics is to map aspects of MSC‐sEV biology and therapeutic potency onto quantifiable features of each preparation.
Influence of enriched 100Mo on Mo reaction yields
Authors: Jang Jaewoong , Uesaka Mitsuru 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In accelerator-driven 99Mo/99mTc production, the 100Mo enrichment level should be chosen carefully as it greatly affects the yields of the involved Mo reactions. To facilitate selecting the 100Mo enrichment level, we defined a figure of merit called density change coefficient and developed its calculation program. Density change coefficients calculated for nine commercial enriched 100Mo products are presented and their use in selecting the 100Mo enrichment level is discussed.
Force of Infection and True Infection Rate of Dengue in Singapore: Implications for Dengue Control and Management
Authors: Tan Li Kiang , Low Swee Ling , Sun Haoyang , Shi Yuan , Liu Lilac , Lam Sally , Tan Hwee Huang , Ang Li Wei , Wong Wing Yan , Chua Rachel , Teo Diana , Ng Lee Ching , Cook Alex R 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNational data on dengue notifications do not capture all dengue infections and do not reflect the true intensity of disease transmission. To assess the true dengue infection rate and disease control efforts in Singapore, we conducted age-stratified serosurveys among residents after a 2013 outbreak that was the largest dengue outbreak on record. The age-weighted prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G among residents was 49.8% (95% confidence interval: 48.4, 51.1) in 2013 and 48.6% (95% confidence interval: 47.0, 50.0) in 2017; prevalence increased with age. Combining these data with those from previous serosurveys, the year-on-year estimates of the dengue force of infection from 1930 to 2017 revealed a significant decrease from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s, after which the force of infection remained stable at approximately 10 per 1,000 persons per year. The reproduction number (R0) had also declined since the 1960s. The reduction in dengue transmission may be attributed to the sustained national vector program and partly to a change in the age structure of the population. The improved estimated ratio of notified cases to true infections, from 1:14 in 2005–2009 to 1:6 in 2014–2017, signifies that the national notification system, which relies on diagnosed cases, has improved over time. The data also suggest that the magnitudes of dengue epidemics cannot be fairly compared across calendar years and that the current disease control program remains applicable.
SPLATCHE3: simulation of serial genetic data under spatially explicit evolutionary scenarios including long-distance dispersal
Authors: Currat Mathias , Arenas Miguel , Quilodràn Claudio S , Excoffier Laurent , Ray Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
SPLATCHE3 simulates genetic data under a variety of spatially explicit evolutionary scenarios, extending previous versions of the framework. The new capabilities include long-distance migration, spatially and temporally heterogeneous short-scale migrations, alternative hybridization models, simulation of serial samples of genetic data and a large variety of DNA mutation models. These implementations have been applied independently to various studies, but grouped together in the current version.

Availability and implementation
SPLATCHE3 is written in C++ and is freely available for non-commercial use from the website http://www.splatche.com/splatche3. It includes console versions for Linux, MacOs and Windows and a user-friendly GUI for Windows, as well as detailed documentation and ready-to-use examples.
Relating Δ17O Values of Animal Body Water to Exogenous Water Inputs and Metabolism
Authors: Whiteman John P , Sharp Zachary D , Gerson Alexander R , Newsome Seth D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The dynamics of animal body water and metabolism are integral aspects of biological function but are difficult to measure, particularly in free-ranging individuals. We demonstrate a new method to estimate inputs to body water via analysis of Δ17O, a measure of 17O/16O relative to 18O/16O. Animal body water is primarily a mixture of drinking or food water (meteoric water; Δ17O ≈ 0.030 per mille [‰]) and metabolic water synthesized from atmospheric oxygen (Δ17O ≈ –0.450‰). Greater drinking or food water intake should increase Δ17O toward 0.030‰, whereas greater metabolic rate should decrease Δ17O toward –0.450‰. We found that wild mammal Δ17O values generally increased with body mass, consistent with both a decline in mass-specific metabolic rate and an increase in water intake. Captive mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) Δ17O values were higher than predicted but exhibited the expected relative change based on metabolic rate and water intake. Measurements of Δ17O may enable novel ecophysiological studies.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with left ventricular assist devices: case report and comprehensive review
Authors: López-Gil María , Fontenla Adolfo , Delgado Juan F , Rodríguez-Muñoz Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly used in patients with advanced heart failure, many of whom have been or will be implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Interaction between both devices is a matter of concern. Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) obtains its signals through subcutaneous vectors, which poses special challenges with regards to adequate performance following LVAD implantation.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 24-year-old man implanted with an S-ICD because of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, severe biventricular dysfunction, and self-limiting sustained ventricular tachycardias. After the implantation of a HeartMate 3™ (Left Ventricular Assist System, Abbott) several months later, the S-ICD became useless because of inappropriate sensing due to electromagnetic interference and attenuation of QRS voltage.

Discussion
We reviewed the reported cases in PubMed about the concomitant use of S-ICD and LVAD. Seven case reports about the performance of S-ICD in patients with an LVAD were identified, with discordant results. From these articles, we analyse the potential causes for these differing results. Pump location and operating rates in LVAD, as well as changes in the subcutaneous-electrocardiogram detected by the S-ICD after LVAD implantation are related to sensing disturbances when used in the same patient.
MRPS25 mutations impair mitochondrial translation and cause encephalomyopathy
Authors: Bugiardini Enrico , Mitchell Alice L , Rosa Ilaria Dalla , Horning-Do Hue-Tran , Pitmann Alan M , Poole Olivia V , Holton Janice L , Shah Sachit , Woodward Cathy , Hargreaves Iain , Quinlivan Rosaline , Amunts Alexey , Wiesner Rudolf J , Houlden Henry , Holt Ian J , Hanna Michael G , Pitceathly Robert D S , Spinazzola Antonella 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and are associated with a variety of disease mechanisms. Defects of mitochondrial protein synthesis account for the largest subgroup of disorders manifesting with impaired respiratory chain capacity; yet, only a few have been linked to dysfunction in the protein components of the mitochondrial ribosomes. Here, we report a subject presenting with dyskinetic cerebral palsy and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, while histochemical and biochemical analyses of skeletal muscle revealed signs of mitochondrial myopathy. Using exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous variant c.215C>T in MRPS25, which encodes for a structural component of the 28S small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome (mS25). The variant segregated with the disease and substitutes a highly conserved proline residue with leucine (p.P72L) that, based on the high-resolution structure of the 28S ribosome, is predicted to compromise inter-protein contacts and destabilize the small subunit. Concordant with the in silico analysis, patient’s fibroblasts showed decreased levels of MRPS25 and other components of the 28S subunit. Moreover, assembled 28S subunits were scarce in the fibroblasts with mutant mS25 leading to impaired mitochondrial translation and decreased levels of multiple respiratory chain subunits. Crucially, these abnormalities were rescued by transgenic expression of wild-type MRPS25 in the mutant fibroblasts. Collectively, our data demonstrate the pathogenicity of the p.P72L variant and identify MRPS25 mutations as a new cause of mitochondrial translation defect.
On the average condition number of tensor rank decompositions
Authors: Breiding Paul , Vannieuwenhoven Nick 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We compute the expected value of powers of the geometric condition number of random tensor rank decompositions. It is shown in particular that the expected value of the condition number of $n_1\times n_2 \times 2$ tensors with a random rank-$r$ decomposition, given by factor matrices with independent and identically distributed standard normal entries, is infinite. This entails that it is expected and probable that such a rank-$r$ decomposition is sensitive to perturbations of the tensor. Moreover, it provides concrete further evidence that tensor decomposition can be a challenging problem, also from the numerical point of view. On the other hand, we provide strong theoretical and empirical evidence that tensors of size $n_1~\times ~n_2~\times ~n_3$ with all $n_1,n_2,n_3 \geqslant 3$ have a finite average condition number. This suggests that there exists a gap in the expected sensitivity of tensors between those of format $n_1\times n_2 \times 2$ and other order-3 tensors. To establish these results we show that a natural weighted distance from a tensor rank decomposition to the locus of ill-posed decompositions with an infinite geometric condition number is bounded from below by the inverse of this condition number. That is, we prove one inequality towards a so-called condition number theorem for the tensor rank decomposition.
Emergence and spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New South Wales, Australia: lessons from history
Authors: Hanrahan Jane K , Hogan Tiffany R , Buckley Cameron , Trembizki Ella , Mitchell Hazel , Lau Colleen L , Whiley David M , Lahra Monica M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Our aim was to investigate the emergence and spread of ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in New South Wales, Australia, from the first reported case in 1991 until ciprofloxacin resistance was sustained at or above the WHO threshold for treatment change of 5% (1999), to inform future strategies for controlling gonococcal antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
The index isolate and all subsequent clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in New South Wales from 1991 to 1999 were genotyped using a previously described method on the Agena MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Region of acquisition data, where available, were used to determine whether cases were travel associated.

Results
In New South Wales, of the 325 ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates reported from 1991 to 1999, 98% (320/325) were able to be recovered and 100% (320/320) were genotyped. There were 66 different genotypes, comprising 1–99 isolates each. Notably no single clone was found to account for ciprofloxacin resistance being sustained in the population, with considerable variability in genotype prevalence observed throughout the study period. A total of 65% (209/320) of genotyped isolates had information regarding the likely place of acquisition; of these, 44% (93/209) were associated with overseas travel or sexual contact with an overseas visitor. The first ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in New South Wales was associated with travel to Thailand. Index cases of each resistant genotype were significantly more likely to have been acquired overseas (51.5%), predominantly in Asia (45%, 30/66).

Conclusions
The continued importation of multiple genotypes, rather than the expansion of a single genotype, led to ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae being established in New South Wales.