bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaphorical framing in political discourse through words vs. concepts: a meta-analysis
Authors: BRUGMAN BRITTA C. , BURGERS CHRISTIAN , VIS BARBARA 
Published: March 2019

abstractConceptual metaphor theory and other important theories in metaphor research are often experimentally tested by studying the effects of metaphorical frames on individuals’ reasoning. Metaphorical frames can be identified by at least two levels of analysis: words vs. concepts. Previous overviews of metaphorical-framing effects have mostly focused on metaphorical framing through words (metaphorical-words frames) rather than through concepts (metaphorical-concepts frames). This means that these overviews included only experimental studies that looked at variations in individual words instead of at the broader logic of messages. For this reason, we conducted a meta-analysis (k= 91,N= 34,783) to compare the persuasive impact of both types of metaphorical frames. Given that patterns of metaphor usage differ across discourse domains, and that effects may differ across modalities and discourse domains, we focused on one mode of presentation and one discourse domain only: verbal metaphorical framing in political discourse. Results showed that, compared to non-metaphorical frames, both metaphorical-words and metaphorical-concepts frames positively influenced beliefs and attitudes. Yet, these effects were larger for metaphorical-concepts frames. We therefore argue that future research should more explicitly describe and justify which level of analysis is chosen to examine the nature and effects of metaphorical framing.
Breeding for organic dairy farming: what types of cows are needed?
Authors: Rodríguez-Bermúdez Ruth , Miranda Marta , Baudracco Javier , Fouz Ramiro , Pereira Victor , López-Alonso Marta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic farming is believed by many to be an environmentally friendly production system that promotes the use of local forage while strongly limiting the input of chemicals, including allopathic treatments. As organic dairy farming has grown, farmers have realised that many available conventional breeds of cow are not well adapted to the new situations and that more ‘robust’ cows, able to function well in the constraining organic environment, are needed to yield acceptable longevity and productivity. In this review paper, the current breed diversity in organic dairy farming is analysed with the aim of identifying the types of cow that would best fulfil organic breeding goals. Unlike the conventional sector, organic dairy farming is very heterogeneous and no single type of cow can adapt well to all scenarios. There are advantages and disadvantages to the use of existing breeds (rustic Holstein-Friesian, other rustic breeds and crosses), and strong genotype × environment interactions demand different strategies for very diverse situations. Organic dairy farms producing milk for systems that recompense milk volume would benefit from using higher milk yielding cows, and rustic Holstein-Friesian cows may be the best option in such cases. Although most Holstein-Friesian cows are currently selected for use in conventional systems, this situation could be reversed by the implementation of an organic merit index that includes organic breeding goals. Farms producing milk either for systems that recompense milk solids or for transformation into dairy products would benefit from using breeds other than Holstein-Friesian or their crosses. Organic farmers who focus on rural tourism, farm schools or other businesses in which marketing strategies must be taken into account could benefit from using local breeds (when possible) or other rustic breeds that are highly valued by consumers.
Surgeons’ preferences and anxiety levels in paediatric adenotonsillectomy: European perspective
Authors: Kilavuz A E , Bayram A A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the preferences of surgeons regarding surgical modalities used for adenotonsillectomy, and determined anxiety levels related to the adenotonsillectomy procedure.MethodsA 10-question survey created by the authors was administered to 413 ENT specialists attending the 4th Congress of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, held in October 2017 in Barcelona, Spain.ResultsCold knife dissection was the preferred surgical modality for both adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Most participants reported encountering one to five patients with post-tonsillectomy bleeding throughout their entire career. The mean anxiety levels during surgery and the 10-day post-operative period were 3.39 ± 2.14 and 4.18 ± 2.63, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety level and surgeon's experience (p < 0.05).ConclusionCold dissection is still the preferred surgical modality for adenotonsillectomy, while both suture ligation and electrocautery are used for haemostasis. Paediatric adenotonsillectomy is likely to generate anxiety in ENT surgeons, and the possibility of secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding increases the anxiety levels of surgeons in the post-operative period.
Age-related differences in affective control and its association with mental health difficulties
Authors: Schweizer Susanne , Parker Jenna , Leung Jovita T. , Griffin Cait , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDifficulties in regulating affect are core characteristics of a wide range of mental health conditions and are associated with deficits in cognitive control, particularly in affective contexts, affective control. The current study explored how affective control relates to mental health over the course of adolescence. We developed an Affective Control Task, which was administered to young adolescents (11–14 years; n = 29); mid-adolescents (15–18 years; n = 31), and adults (22–30 years; n = 31). The task required individuals to sort cards according to continuously changing rules: color, number, or item type. There was a neutral condition in which items were shapes, and an affective condition, in which items were emotional facial expressions. Better affective control was associated with fewer mental health difficulties (p < .001, R2 = .15). Affective control partially accounted for the association between age group and mental health problems, z = 2.61, p = .009, Akaike information criterion = 484, with the association being strongest in young adolescents, r (27) = −.44, p = .018. Affective control further accounted for variance in the association between self-reported (but not experimental) emotion regulation and mental health (z = −3.44, p < .001, Akaike information criterion = 440). Poor affective control, especially in young adolescents, is associated with more mental health problems and higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties. Improving affective control therefore may constitute a promising target for prevention.
Disentangling genes, attachment, and environment: A systematic review of the developmental psychopathology literature on gene–environment interactions and attachment
Authors: Golds Lisa , de Kruiff Karina , MacBeth Angus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe role of genetics in relation to attachment is of continued interest to developmental psychology. Recent research has attempted to disentangle genetic main effects, environmental effects, and gene and environment (G × E) interactions in the development of attachment security/insecurity and disorganization. We systematically reviewed associations between gene markers and attachment, including G × E interactions, identifying 27 eligible studies. Inconsistent results emerged for associations between both gene effects and G × E interactions on attachment organization. Where G × E interactions used attachment as the environmental factor in the interaction, we observed more consistent results for differential susceptibility of G × E interactions on offspring behavior. Small sample size and heterogeneity in measurement of environmental factors impacted on comparability of studies. From these results, we propose that the future of research into the role of genetic effects in attachment lies in further exploration of G × E interactions, particularly where attachment acts as an environmental factor impacting on other child developmental outcomes emerging from the caregiving environment, consistent with differential susceptibility approaches to developmental psychopathology. In addition, from a methodological perspective, establishing the role of gene markers in such models will require a shift toward contemporary genomics, including genome-wide analysis (including novel genes and chromosomal loci), and epigenetic individual variations.
The fragility of community security in Damascus and its environs
Authors: Abdin Yassar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe organizational errors of Syrian urban planning have been a major cause of the escalation of the Syrian crisis and its continuation. Syrian cities, including Damascus and its environs, have suffered from the fragility of social security, which is manifested in the form of cohesive human groups in closed communities, influenced by religion, culture, family, class, place of origin of the population, occupation, etc. This article examines the fragility of security during the crisis of 2011–18, with the aim of clarifying the impact of the organizational problems and the processing delay that has generated social security fragility because these closed communities are looking for their own security and safety outside the control of local administrations. The article proposes that the inherent fragility of security in Damascus and its environs should be associated with poverty, organizational errors and slums as a model for the fragility of all Syrian cities.
Tolerance of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry cultivars to saflufenacil
Authors: Aldridge Ryan B. , Jennings Katherine M. , Chaudhari Sushila , Monks David W. , Everman Wesley J. , Mehra Lucky K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGreenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine tolerance of blueberry to saflufenacil. Greenhouse studies included five saflufenacil rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g ai ha−1) and three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (‘Legacy’, ‘New Hanover’, and ‘O’Neal’) and one rabbiteye blueberry cultivar (‘Columbus’). Saflufenacil treatments were soil applied into each pot when blueberry plants were approximately 30-cm tall. Visible injury (purpling/reddening of foliage and leaf abscission) ranged from 3% to 12%, 3% to 42%, 0% to 43%, and 0% to 29% with saflufenacil from 50 to 400 g ha−1 in Columbus, Legacy, New Hanover, and O’Neal, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Regardless of injury, plant growth (change in height), soil plant analysis development, and whole-plant dry biomass of all cultivars did not differ among saflufenacil rates. Field studies were conducted in Burgaw, NC, to determine the tolerance of nonbearing (&lt;3-yr-old and not mature enough to produce fruit) and bearing (&gt;3-yr-old and mature enough to produce fruit) southern highbush blueberry (‘Duke’) to saflufenacil application at pre-budbreak or during the vegetative growth stage. Treatments included three rates of saflufenacil (50, 100, and 200 g ha−1), glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1), glufosinate (1096 g ai ha−1), glyphosate (870 g ha−1) + saflufenacil (50 g ha−1), glufosinate (1096 g ha−1) + saflufenacil (50 g ha−1), and hexazinone (1,120 g ai ha−1), applied POST-directed to the soil surface beneath blueberry plants in a 76-cm band on both sides of the blueberry planting row. The maximum injury from treatments containing saflufenacil was ≤11% in both nonbearing and bearing blueberry. No negative effects on plant growth or fruit yield were observed from any treatments. Results from both greenhouse and field studies suggest that saflufenacil applied at 50 (1X commercial use rate) and 100 g ha−1 is safe to use in blueberry.
Response Bias in Survey Measures of Voter Behavior: Implications for Measurement and Inference
Authors: Adida Claire , Gottlieb Jessica , Kramon Eric , McClendon Gwyneth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis short report exploits a unique opportunity to investigate the implications of response bias in survey questions about voter turnout and vote choice in new democracies. We analyze data from a field experiment in Benin, where we gathered official election results and panel survey data representative at the village level, allowing us to directly compare average outcomes across both measurement instruments in a large number of units. We show that survey respondents consistently overreport turning out to vote and voting for the incumbent, and that the bias is large and worse in contexts where question sensitivity is higher. This has important implications for the inferences we draw about an experimental treatment, indicating that the response bias we identify is correlated with treatment. Although the results using the survey data suggest that the treatment had the hypothesized impact, they are also consistent with social desirability bias. By contrast, the administrative data lead to the conclusion that the treatment had no effect.
Quantifying Observational Errors in Biogeochemical‐Argo Oxygen, Nitrate, and Chlorophyll a Concentrations
Authors: Mignot A. , D'Ortenzio F. , Taillandier V. , Cossarini G. , Salon S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiogeochemical (BGC)‐Argo floats observations are becoming a major data source for assimilation into and constraining of ocean biogeochemical models. An important prerequisite for a successful synthesis between models and observations is the characterization of the observational errors in BGC‐Argo float data. The root‐mean‐square error and multiplicative and additive biases in quality‐controlled data sets of oxygen, nitrate, and chlorophyll a concentrations collected with 17 BGC‐Argo floats in the Mediterranean Sea between 2013 and 2017 are assessed using the triple collocation analysis. The analysis suggests that BGC‐Argo float oxygen, nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations data have an additive bias of 2.9 ± 5.5 μmol/kg, 0.46 ± 0.07 μmol/kg, and −0.06 ± 0.02 mg/m3, respectively. The root‐mean‐square error is evaluated at 5.1 ± 0.8 μmol/kg, 0.25 ± 0.07 μmol/kg, and 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/m3. Additional studies should determine whether these values are applicable to the global ocean.
Earthquake‐Related Structures Beneath the Southernmost Portion of the Ryukyu Arc and Forearc
Authors: Wang Shiou‐Ya , Hsu Shu‐Kun , Yeh Yi‐Ching 
Published: March 2019

AbstractModerate to large earthquakes repeatedly occur beneath the southernmost Ryukyu arc and forearc, but the seismogenic structures were poorly studied. To better understand the southernmost Ryukyu seismogenic structures, we have deployed ocean bottom seismometers to record the aftershocks of a large earthquake in 2015. As a result, several groups of aftershocks are associated with the seismogenic structures. A deep group coincides with the north‐dipping seismogenic zone that terminates near the tip of the mantle wedge beneath the Ryukyu Arc. A shallow group dips southward from the southern slope of the Ryukyu Arc to the southern end of the aftershocks; this group shows south‐dipping normal faulting character and accompanies the lower crust exhumation of Ryukyu Arc above the seismogenic zone. A plate interface step‐down beneath the seismogenic zone is inferred. A crustal underplating and exhumation around the seismogenic zone have taken place synchronously during the earthquake event.
MMP9/RAGE pathway overactivation mediates redox dysregulation and neuroinflammation, leading to inhibitory/excitatory imbalance: a reverse translation study in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Dwir Daniella , Giangreco Basilio , Xin Lijing , Tenenbaum Liliane , Cabungcal Jan-Harry , Steullet Pascal , Goupil Audrey , Cleusix Martine , Jenni Raoul , Chtarto Abdelwahed , Baumann Philipp S. , Klauser Paul , Conus Philippe , Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Cuenod Michel , Do Kim Q. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVarious mechanisms involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, such as dopamine dysregulation, glutamate/NMDA receptor dysfunction, neuroinflammation or redox imbalance, all appear to converge towards an oxidative stress “hub” affecting parvalbumine interneurones (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN) (Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2:258–70); (Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:125–34). We aim to investigate underlying mechanisms linking oxidative stress with neuroinflammatory and their long-lasting harmful consequences. In a transgenic mouse of redox dysregulation carrying a permanent deficit of glutathione synthesis (gclm−/−), the anterior cingulate cortex presented early in the development increased oxidative stress which was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:3721–8). This oxidative stress induced microglia activation and redox-sensitive matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) stimulation, leading to the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) shedding into soluble and nuclear forms, and subsequently to nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation and secretion of various cytokines. Blocking MMP9 activation prevented this sequence of alterations and rescued the normal maturation of PVI/PNN, even if performed after an additional insult that exacerbated the long term PVI/PNN impairments. MMP9 inhibition thus appears to be able to interrupt the vicious circle that maintains the long-lasting deleterious effects of the reciprocal interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, impacting on PVI/PNN integrity. Translation of these experimental findings to first episode patients revealed an increase in plasma soluble RAGE relative to healthy controls. This increase was associated with low prefrontal GABA levels, potentially predicting a central inhibitory/excitatory imbalance linked to RAGE shedding. This study paves the way for mechanistically related biomarkers needed for early intervention and MMP9/RAGE pathway modulation may lead to promising drug targets.
Untangling hidden nutrient dynamics: rapid ammonium cycling and single-cell ammonium assimilation in marine plankton communities
Authors: Klawonn Isabell , Bonaglia Stefano , Whitehouse Martin J , Littmann Sten , Tienken Daniela , Kuypers Marcel M M , Brüchert Volker , Ploug Helle 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ammonium is a central nutrient in aquatic systems. Yet, cell-specific ammonium assimilation among diverse functional plankton is poorly documented in field communities. Combining stable-isotope incubations (15N-ammonium, 15N2 and 13C-bicarbonate) with secondary-ion mass spectrometry, we quantified bulk ammonium dynamics, N2-fixation and carbon (C) fixation, as well as single-cell ammonium assimilation and C-fixation within plankton communities in nitrogen (N)-depleted surface waters during summer in the Baltic Sea. Ammonium production resulted from regenerated (≥91%) and new production (N2-fixation, ≤9%), supporting primary production by 78–97 and 2–16%, respectively. Ammonium was produced and consumed at balanced rates, and rapidly recycled within 1 h, as shown previously, facilitating an efficient ammonium transfer within plankton communities. N2-fixing cyanobacteria poorly assimilated ammonium, whereas heterotrophic bacteria and picocyanobacteria accounted for its highest consumption (~20 and ~20–40%, respectively). Surprisingly, ammonium assimilation and C-fixation were similarly fast for picocyanobacteria (non-N2-fixing Synechococcus) and large diatoms (Chaetoceros). Yet, the population biomass was high for Synechococcus but low for Chaetoceros. Hence, autotrophic picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, with their high single-cell assimilation rates and dominating population biomass, competed for the same nutrient source and drove rapid ammonium dynamics in N-depleted marine waters.
BAG3 promotes autophagy and glutaminolysis via stabilizing glutaminase
Authors: Zhao Song , Wang Jia-Mei , Yan Jing , Zhang Da-Lin , Liu Bao-Qin , Jiang Jing-Yi , Li Chao , Li Si , Meng Xiao-Na , Wang Hua-Qin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBcl-2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an important molecule that maintains oncogenic features of cancer cells via diverse mechanisms. One of the important functions assigned to BAG3 is implicated in selective macroautophagy/autophagy, which attracts much attention recently. However, the mechanism underlying regulation of autophagy by BAG3 has not been well defined. Here, we describe that BAG3 enhances autophagy via promotion of glutamine consumption and glutaminolysis. Glutaminolysis initiates with deamination of glutamine by glutaminase (GLS), by which yields glutamate and ammonia in mitochondria. The current study demonstrates that BAG3 stabilizes GLS via prohibition its interaction with SIRT5, thereby hindering its desuccinylation at Lys158 and Lys164 sites. As an underlying molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that BAG3 interacts with GLS and decreases SIRT5 expression. The current study also demonstrates that occupation by succinyl at Lys158 and Lys164 sites prohibits its Lys48-linked ubiquitination, thereby preventing its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Collectively, the current study demonstrates that BAG3 enhances autophagy via stabilizing GLS and promoting glutaminolysis. For the first time, this study reports that succinylation competes with ubiquitination to regulate proteasomal GLS degradation.
Long non-coding RNA Taurine upregulated gene 1 promotes osteosarcoma cell metastasis by mediating HIF-1α via miR-143-5p
Authors: Yu Xiao , Hu Lei , Li Suoyuan , Shen Jun , Wang Donglai , Xu Renjie , Yang Huilin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEarly aggressive metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) leads to rapid progression and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could serve as crucial regulators to modulate tumour metastasis. In this study, we reported the critical role of lncRNA TUG1 in determining OS metastasis. TUG1 was significantly upregulated in OS tissues and associated with tumour size, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and overall and recurrence-free survival, which further indicated poor prognosis. Furthermore, CAFs-derived TGF-β could upregulate TUG1 expression, and the crosstalk between CAFs and OS cells induced TUG1 to promote OS cell metastasis. Dysregulated TUG1 expression could act as an miRNA “sponge” to competitively protect the HIF-1α mRNA 3′UTR from miR-143-5p. Our study emphasised the effects of TUG1 in OS and demonstrated a novel axis by which TUG1 regulated OS cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, TUG1 might be a prognostic indicator for OS and could be a therapeutic target for OS.