bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thème: L’Interaction normative entre les Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires (CAE) et le Système Juridique National Sénégalais
Authors: Diallo Youssoupha 
Published: November 2018

Thème: L’Interaction normative entre les Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires (CAE) et le Système Juridique National Sénégalais
The Extraordinary African Chambers (CAE) within the courts of Senegal were created by the Agreement between the Republic of Senegal and the African Union of 22 August 2012 to prosecute international crimes committed in Chad between 7 June 1982 and 1 December 1990. The Chambers are governed by a Statute. For those cases not provided for in the Statute, the Chambers shall apply Senegalese law. Both laws, one of international or conventional nature and the other one national, could be applied to a trial in compliance with international standards. However, the Statute has priority over Senegalese legislation. It is indeed the Statute that is asked to settle all questions that may arise and that has made specific selective references and for any other point that it could not have foreseen.So, in the functioning of the CAE, both standards were able to interact. A beneficial process that, however, also has created difficulties. After the dissolution of the Chambers on 27 April 2017, Senegalese national law, that was enacted about the universal jurisdiction of international crime since 2007, should be inspired by it and adopt appropriate standards.Les Chambres africaines extraordinaire (CAE) au sein des juridictions sénégalaises ont été créées par l’Accord entre la République du Sénégal et l’Union africaine du 22 août 2012 pour connaitre de crimes internationaux commis au Tchad durant une période bien déterminée. De caractère international, elles sont régies par un Statut qui prévoit dans certains cas l’application du droit national sénégalais. Les deux droits, l’un d’essence internationale ou conventionnelle et l’autre nationale, ont pu être appliqués pour un procès conforme aux standards internationaux. Toutefois, le Statut prime sur le droit sénégalais. En effet, c’est le Statut appelé à régir toutes les questions qui pourrait se poser qui a opéré des renvois sélectifs expressément et pour tout autre point qu’il n’a pu prévoir. Ainsi, dans le fonctionnement des CAE, les deux normes ont pu interagir. Un procédé bénéfique qui n’a toutefois pas manqué de poser des difficultés. Après leur dissolution, le 27 avril 2017, le droit national sénégalais qui s’est lancé depuis 2007 dans la compétence universelle sur les crimes internationaux devrait s’en inspirer et adopter des normes adaptées.
Keeping complexity alive: restorative and responsive approaches to culture change
Authors: Burford Gale 
Published: November 2018

Keeping complexity alive: restorative and responsive approaches to culture change
The human services are fraught with history of failure related to grasping oversimplified, across-the-board solutions that are expected to work in all situations for all groups of people. This article reviews some of the long-standing and current challenges for governance of programmes in maintaining cultures that safeguard restorative and responsive standards, principles and values, thereby amplifying and enhancing their centrality to relational engagement within families, groups, communities and organisations. Despite their potential for helping groups of people grapple with the complex dynamics that impact their lives, restorative justice approaches are seen as no less vulnerable to being whittled down to technical routines through practitioner and sponsor colonisation than other practices. This article explores some of the ways culture can work to erode and support the achievement of restorative standards, and why restorative justice and regulation that is responsive to the ongoing experiences of affected persons offers unique paths forward for achieving justice. Included in this exploration are the ways that moral panic and top-down, command-and-control management narrow relational approaches to tackling complex problems and protect interests that reproduce social and economic inequality.
Restorative justice as feminist practice
Authors: Goodmark Leigh 
Published: November 2018

Restorative justice as feminist practice
Feminists have viewed the implementation of restorative practices warily, particularly in the context of gender-based harms. Concerns include the devaluing of gender-based harms, the reprivatisation of violence against women and the inability of restorative practitioners to guarantee safety for people subjected to abuse. But this article will argue that restorative justice can be a uniquely feminist practice, growing out of the same mistrust of state-based systems and engagement of the community that animated the early feminist movement. Although some caution is warranted, restorative justice serves the feminist goals of amplifying women’s voices, fostering women’s autonomy and empowerment, engaging community, avoiding gender essentialism and employing an intersectional analysis, transforming patriarchal structures and ending violence against women.
Restorative responses to campus sexual harm: promising practices and challenges
Authors: Coker Donna 
Published: November 2018

Restorative responses to campus sexual harm: promising practices and challenges
The purpose of this article is to examine restorative approaches to campus sexual harm. A restorative response may provide support and validation for survivors, a pathway for personal change for those who cause sexual harm, and assist in changing campus culture. The article addresses three significant challenges to developing a restorative response. The first challenge is the influence of a pervasive ideology that I refer to as crime logic. A second challenge is the need for an intersectional response that addresses the potential for bias in decisions by campus administrators and restorative justice practitioners. The third challenge is to develop restorative approaches for circumstances in which a victim/perpetrator dyad is not appropriate.
The personal is political: the restorative dialectic of child inclusion
Authors: Pennell Joan 
Published: November 2018

The personal is political: the restorative dialectic of child inclusion
The dialectic of the ‘personal is political’ is starkly evident in the lives of abused and neglected children and their families involved with child protection services. State intervention into families renders private matters into public issues. Restorative approaches in the child protection context offer a vital test of their efficacy in reshaping family and family-state relationships. Drawing upon the author’s experience as a young feminist and child protection worker, this article identifies three dynamics of the restorative dialectic: children’s testimony, women’s responsibilisation and child validation. A case study of a sexually abused teen demonstrates how the restorative process of family group conferencing transforms these dynamics. Children’s testimony of giving evidence in court becomes speaking for/speaking with; women blaming becomes collective responsibilisation; and child protectionism becomes validation of children and their cultural heritage. Together these movements uphold a relational approach to restorative justice that nudges norms toward greater equity.
A implantação do Reuni na UFF: ampliação de direitos ou precarização do ensino superior?
Authors: Silva Renata Maldonado da , Borowsky Micheli Marques 
Published: November 2018

Neste texto discute-se elementos presentes nas transformações do ensino superior no Brasil, no contexto das modificações no modo de produção capitalista, a partir da década de 1970. Nesse novo contexto, o ensino superior foi reestruturado e passou pelos efeitos do ideário neoliberal e, consequentemente, havendo maior aproximação com os princípios do mercado. Dentre as principais mudanças nesse âmbito do ensino, o artigo terá como foco de análise a elaboração do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais - Reuni - implantado pelo Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação - PDE - em 2007. O Reuni tinha como objetivos principais ampliar o acesso ao ensino superior nas universidades federais, mediante a ampliação dos campi, dos novos cursos presenciais, principalmente noturnos, aumentando a oferta de vagas e a reestruturação curricular dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. Palavras-chave: educação superior; Reuni; UFF.
Ecology and life history of Meta bourneti (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from Monte Albo (Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Lunghi Enrico 
Published: November 2018

The orb-weaver spider Meta bourneti Simon 1922 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) is one of the most common cave predators occurring in the Mediterranean basin. Although the congeneric M. menardi represented the model species in several studies, our knowledge of M. bourneti is only founded on observations performed on a handful of populations. In this study M. bourneti spiders were studied in caves of Monte Albo (Sardinia, Italy) over a year. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to analyze spider occupancy inside cave environments, as well as spider abundance. Analyses on M. bourneti occupancy and abundance were also repeated for adults and juveniles separately. Generalized Linear Models, were used to weight species absence based on its detection probability. Linear Mixed Models were used to detect possible divergences in subterranean spatial use between adult and juvenile spiders. Although widespread on the mountain, M. bourneti generally showed low density and low detection probability. Most of the individuals observed were juveniles. The spiders generally occupied cave sectors with high ceilings that were deep enough to show particular microclimatic features. Adults tended to occupy less illuminated areas than juveniles, while the latter were more frequently found in sectors showing high humidity. The abundance of M. bourneti was strongly related to high humidity and the presence of two troglophile species, Hydromantes flavus Wake, Salvador & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005 (Amphibia: Caudata) and Oxychilus oppressus (Shuttleworth, 1877) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata). The abundance of juveniles was related to sector temperature and humidity, the presence of H. flavus and O. oppressus and to morphological sector features. However, when only adults were considered, no significant relationships were found. Adult and juvenile spiders did not differ in their spatial distribution inside the caves studied, but a seasonal distribution of the species along cave walls was observed. Microclimate was one of the most important features affecting both the presence and abundance of M. bourneti in subterranean environments. Individuals tended to occupy lower heights during hot seasons.
Engineering Sensor Arrays Using Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Pathogen Identification
Authors: Zhou Chengcheng , Xu Wenhan , Zhang Pengbo , Jiang Meijuan , Chen Yuncong , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lee Michelle M. S. , Shan Guogang , Qi Ruilian , Zhou Xin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Shu , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLacking rapid and reliable pathogen diagnostic platforms, inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy could be made, which greatly threatens human life and accelerates the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. In this contribution, a series of simple and reliable sensor arrays based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives are successfully developed for detection and discrimination of pathogens. Each sensor array consists of three TPE‐based aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) that bear cationic ammonium group and different hydrophobic substitutions, providing tunable logP (n‐octanol/water partition coefficient) values to enable the different multivalent interactions with pathogens. On the basis of the distinctive fluorescence response produced by the diverse interaction of AIEgens with pathogens, these sensor arrays can identify different kinds of pathogens, even normal and drug‐resistant bacteria, with nearly 100% accuracy. Furthermore, blends of pathogens can also be identified accurately. The sensor arrays exhibit rapid response (about 0.5 h), high‐throughput, and easy‐to‐operate without washing steps.
A Water‐Soluble Cu Complex as Molecular Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Graphene‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Wang Jiong , Gan Liyong , Zhang Qianwen , Reddu Vikas , Peng Yuecheng , Liu Zhichao , Xia Xinghua , Wang Cheng , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA structurally simple molecular 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Cu complex on a mesostructured graphene matrix that can be active and selective toward CO2 reduction over H2 evolution in an aqueous solution is reported. The active sites consist of Cu(I) center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, which enables the adsorption of CO2 with η1‐COO‐like configuration to commence the catalysis, with a turnover frequency of ≈45 s−1 at −1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Using in situ infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation, it is demonstrated that the Cu complex can be reversibly heterogenized near the graphene surface via potential control. An increase of electron density in the complex is observed as a result of the interaction from the electric field, which further tunes the electron distribution in the neighboring CO2. It is also found that the mesostructure of graphene matrix favored CO2 reduction on the Cu center over hydrogen evolution by limiting mass transport from the bulk solution to the electrode surface.
Well‐Arranged and Confined Incorporation of PdCo Nanoparticles within a Hollow and Porous Metal–Organic Framework for Superior Catalytic Activity
Authors: Choi Sora , Oh Moonhyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA convenient method for the confined incorporation of highly active bimetallic PdCo nanocatalysts within a hollow and porous metal–organic framework (MOF) support is presented. Several chemical conversions occur simultaneously during the one‐step low temperature pyrolysis of well‐designed polystyrene@ZIF‐67/Pd2+ core–shell microspheres, where ZIF (zeolitic imidazolate framework) is a subclass of MOF: the polystyrene core is removed, resulting in a beneficial hollow and porous ZIF support; the ZIF‐67 shell acts as a well‐defined porous support and as a felicitous Co2+ supplier for metal nanoparticle formation; and Pd2+ and Co2+ are reduced to form catalytically active bimetallic PdCo nanoparticles in the well‐defined micropores, inducing the confined growth of PdCo nanoparticles with excellent dispersity.
A Pentacene‐based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities
Authors: Kuroda Kiyonori , Yazaki Kohei , Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnlike previously well‐studied, acyclic pentacene oligomers, the first synthesis of a cyclic pentacene trimer with a fixed tubular conformation is reported. A short‐step synthesis starting from common pentacenequinone yielded the target molecule with a 1.5 nanometer length and a subnanometer pore. Steady‐state spectroscopic analyses revealed that the close proximity of the non‐conjugated, three pentacene chromophores allows the nanotube to display stepwise electrochemical/chemical oxidation characteristics. Furthermore, time‐resolved transient absorption measurements elucidated the generation of an excited triplet state of the nanotube, with high quantum yield reaching about 180 % through intramolecular singlet fission and a very long triplet lifetime.
Crystal Engineering: An Outlook for the Future
Authors: Nangia Ashwini K. , Desiraju Gautam R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCrystal Engineering has traditionally dealt with molecular crystals. It is the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the utilization of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties. We outline here five areas which come under the umbrella of Crystal Engineering and where we feel that a proper planning of research efforts could lead to higher dividends for science together with greater returns for humankind. We touch on themes and domains where science funding and translation efforts could be directed in the current climate of a society that increasingly expects applications and utility products from science and technology. The five topics are: 1) pharmaceutical solids; 2) industrial solid state reactions; 3) mechanical properties with practical applications; 4) MOFs and COFs framework solids; 5) new materials for solar energy harvesting and advanced polymers.
Accelerated age‐related cortical thinning in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Santhanam Priya , Wilson Steffanie H. , Oakes Terrence R. , Weaver Lindell K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in many structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex. While thinning of the cortex has been shown in mTBI patients, there is high regional variability in reported findings. High‐resolution imaging can elucidate otherwise unnoticed changes in cortical measures following injury. This study examined age‐related patterns of cortical thickness in U.S. active duty service members and veterans with a history of mTBI (n = 66) as compared to a normative population (n = 67).MethodsUsing a fully automated cortical parcellation methodology, cortical thickness measures were extracted from 31 bilateral cortical regions for all participants.ResultsThe effect of diagnosis and age on cortical thickness (group × age interaction) was found to be significant (p < 0.05) for many regions, including bilateral parietal and left frontal and temporal cortices. Findings held for a male‐only subset, and there was no effect of time since injury in any regions.ConclusionsThe presence of mTBI appeared to accelerate age‐related cortical thinning across the cortex in our study population.
Counselling in UK primary schools: Outcomes and predictors of change
Authors: Daniunaite Akvile , Cooper Mick , Forster Tilly 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of counselling in UK primary schools are still largely unknown, and no clear predictors of change have been identified. This study is the largest evaluation to date of change and predictors of change in this sector.MethodThe outcomes of Place2Be's play‐based counselling intervention for 3222 distressed children, aged 4–12, in 178 schools across the UK were evaluated. A naturalistic quantitative design was used, and the primary outcome was changed from baseline to endpoint on the teacher‐rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties score. Outcome predictors were analysed using multilevel modelling.ResultsThe intervention was associated with significant reduction in psychological distress, with an effect size (Cohen's d) of .48 and clinical improvement of 50.3% of children. Greater improvements were found for children with higher baseline levels of distress, girls and bilingual children, while improvement of the children with a statement of educational needs was progressively compromised with increasing level of special educational needs.DiscussionRobust evidence now exists that a play‐based counselling model is associated with significant reductions in psychological distress in primary school children. However, more qualitative and quantitative research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this intervention and the key factors that predict change.
Silencing astrocyte elevated gene‐1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in NCM460 cells by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Peng Yang , Li Hongyan , Chen Dandan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effect of oncogene astrocyte‐elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) on noncancerous colonic epithelial cell disease is rarely studied. We aim to investigate the role of AEG‐1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation and mucosal barrier injury, and their potential mechanisms. NCM460 cells were stimulated by different concentrations of LPS at 12 h or 24 h. Cell viability and the expression of AEG‐1 was determined by CCK‐8, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Silencing AEG‐1 was successfully established. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels. qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to assess the mRNA and protein level of tight junction (TJ)‐associated genes, NLRP3 inflammasome activation‐related factors. Silencing AEG‐1 decreased ROS production; cell apoptosis; and IL‐1β, IL‐18 release, compared to those treated by LPS. Up‐regulation of ZO‐1 and Occludin showed that siAEG‐1 could protect mucosal barrier from LPS‐injured. Silencing AEG‐1 could significantly inhibit NLRP3 and cleaved caspase‐1 expression in LPS stimulation environment. Silencing AEG‐1 inhibited NLRP3 activation, while the activation of caspase‐1 reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18. However, overexpressing AEG‐1 aggravated LPS‐triggered injury and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Silymarin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting TGF‐β1/Smad signaling
Authors: Meng Songyan , Yang Fan , Wang Yueqiu , Qin Ying , Xian Huimin , Che Hui , Wang Lihong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of myocardial fibrosis in DCM. Silymarin (SMN) is used clinically to treat liver disorders and acts by influencing TGF‐β1. However, the possible effects of silymarin on DCM remain to be elucidated. In our study, the DM animal model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Fasting blood glucose level was measured, and the structure and function of the heart were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, echocardiography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blot was used to detect the expression of TGF‐β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylation Smad2/3(p‐Smad2/3), and Smad7. Our results showed that silymarin downregulated blood glucose level and significantly improved cardiac fibrosis and collagen deposition in DM rats detected by H&E, Masson staining, and TEM assays. The echocardiography results showed that silymarin administration attenuated cardiac dysfunction in DM rats. Additionally, compared with untreated DM rats, levels of TGF‐β1 and p‐Smad2/3 were decreased, whereas Smad7 was increased following silymarin administration. These data demonstrate that silymarin ameliorates DCM through the inhibition of TGF‐β1/Smad signaling, suggesting that silymarin may be a potential target for DCM treatment.