bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating convivial affordances: A study of virtual world social movements
Authors: McKenna Brad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study of technology and societal challenges is a growing area in information systems research. This paper explores how social movements can use virtual worlds to raise awareness or create safe spaces for their members. As social movements move into virtual worlds, the technical environment becomes more important. This paper presents an interpretive field study using netnographic research and empirical data from a study of a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social movement in World of Warcraft. This paper takes the position that an understanding of affordances is required for users to be able to create convivial outcomes to shape the use of virtual worlds for their own goals and intentions. The paper presents the concept of convivial affordances, which brings together the theories of affordances and conviviality, and suggests that social users can shape IT artefacts through a creative combination of affordances for their specific goals, and with community involvement.
Evidential Proximity, Independence, and the evaluation of carcinogenicity
Authors: Williamson Jon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the methods of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for evaluating the carcinogenicity of various agents. I identify two fundamental evidential principles that underpin these methods, which I call Evidential Proximity and Independence. I then show, by considering the 2018 evaluation of the carcinogenicity of styrene and styrene‐7,8‐oxide, that these principles have been implemented in a way that can lead to inconsistency. I suggest a way to resolve this problem: admit a general exception to Independence and treat the implementation of Evidential Proximity more flexibly where this exception applies. I show that this suggestion is compatible with the general principles laid down in the 2019 version of IARC's methods guide, its Preamble to the Monographs.
Treatment of acne scarring with a novel dual‐wavelength laser
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Wilson April , Mordon Serge R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFacial acne scarring is a prevalent disease with both physical and psychosocial sequelae.AimsThis study aims to evaluate an innovative solid state dual wavelength 1,319 and 589 nm laser, which does not require consumable dye, for the treatment of acne scars.Patients/methodsA total of 12 patients (11 female, 1 man ‐ Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II & III) with acne scar for more than one year, were treated with 1319 nm and subsequently by 589 nm, all having four‐sessions, one every other week. A full face was covered in approximately 30 minutes. Acne scars were scored by one physician evaluator using the ECCA grading scale before, 2 weeks after each treatment and 1 month and 6 months after the 4th treatment. Safety was measured by recording subject discomfort scores and adverse effects.Results12 subjects were enrolled into the study, 10 completed all 4 treatments and 2 were lost to follow up. Fluence used was 28 J/cm² ± 2.4 J/cm² at 1,319 nm and 16 ± 2.9 J/cm² at 589 nm. At baseline, mean ECCA score was 98 ± 23. This score was reduced to 88 ± 30 (p<0.02), after one session, to 68 ± 21 (p<0.01) after 2 sessions, to 58 ± 17 (p<0.01) after 3 sessions to reach 58 ± 15 (p<0.01) 1 month after the 4th and finally 66 ± 11 (p<0.01) at 6 month follow up. This observation corresponds respectively to 14%, 33%, 42%, 40% and 30% reduction of the ECCA score. Only one patient (ECCA score: 120) did not improve after 3 sessions. Slight to moderate erythema was sometimes observed without dryness or bruising. No or minimal burning or stinging was reported. No crust was observed.ConclusionImprovement in scarring was noted in almost all patients with minimal discomfort and minimal downtime. Combining both minimal side effects with effective acne scar reduction, this laser appears to be highly effective. Long‐term evaluation remains necessary to confirm the efficacy of this new laser.
The effect of environmental filtering on variation in functional diversity along a tropical elevational gradient
Authors: Ding Yi , Zang Runguo , Lu Xinghui , Huang Jihong , Xu Yue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuestionsElevational gradients encompass multiple resource or non‐resource stressors, but how these different gradients drive functional structure is not well understood. Abiotic variables and functional traits were sampled along a 1,400 m tropical elevational gradient to answer the following questions: (a) how do the functional diversity and functional structure of tree communities change with environment; (b) how does the different assembly vary along the elevational gradient?LocationTropical forests on Hainan Island, South China.MethodsAlong an elevational gradient from 180 m to 1,521 m, sixty 0.05‐ha transects were established. We recorded all woody stems ≥5 cm dbh (diameter at breast height) and measured functional traits and soil features in each transect. The patterns of abiotic variables, functional diversity and community‐weighted mean (CWM) of functional traits were explored along the elevational gradient by using a regression model. The assembly along the elevational gradient was compared with a null model that shuffled species identities.ResultsThe functional richness (FRic), functional dispersion (FDis) and CWMs of specific leaf area, leaf phosphorus and nitrogen content decreased with increasing elevation, as well as with the first axis of the principal components analysis (PCA1) of abiotic variables. The CWMs of leaf dry matter content and maximum height did not show significant change with elevational change, but the CWM of maximum height increased with PCA1. Both FRic and FDis became less divergent and more convergent with increasing elevation and with PCA1, which differed from the predicted outcome under the null model.ConclusionsAll these observations support that environmental filtering selects species with either acquisitive or conservative strategies at low elevations, but it only selects species with conservative strategies at high elevations. The presence of different stressors, resources (water) and non‐resources (temperature and pH) leads to distinct community assemblages with different functional structures.
Comparative Analysis of Deterministic and Semiquantitative Approaches for Shallow Landslide Risk Modeling in Rwanda
Authors: Nsengiyumva Jean Baptiste , Luo Geping , Hakorimana Egide , Mind'je Richard , Gasirabo Aboubakar , Mukanyandwi Valentine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of appropriate approaches to produce risk maps is critical in landslide disaster management. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the stability index mapping (SINMAP) and the spatial multicriteria evaluation (SMCE) models for landslide risk modeling in Rwanda. The SINMAP used the digital elevation model in conjunction with physical soil parameters to determine the factor of safety. The SMCE method used six layers of landslide conditioning factors. In total, 155 past landslide locations were used for training and model validation. The results showed that the SMCE performed better than the SINMAP model. Thus, the receiver operating characteristic and three statistical estimators—accuracy, precision, and the root mean square error (RMSE)—were used to validate and compare the predictive capabilities of the two models. Therefore, the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.883 and 0.798, respectively, for the SMCE and SINMAP. In addition, the SMCE model produced the highest accuracy and precision values of 0.770 and 0.734, respectively. For the RMSE values, the SMCE produced better prediction than SINMAP (0.332 and 0.398, respectively). The overall comparison of results confirmed that both SINMAP and SMCE models are promising approaches for landslide risk prediction in central‐east Africa.
Cross‐Sectional Psychological and Demographic Associations of Zika Knowledge and Conspiracy Beliefs Before and After Local Zika Transmission
Authors: Piltch‐Loeb Rachael , Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. , Shaffer Victoria A. , Scherer Laura D. , Knaus Megan , Fagerlin Angie , Abramson David M. , Scherer Aaron M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPerceptions of infectious diseases are important predictors of whether people engage in disease‐specific preventive behaviors. Having accurate beliefs about a given infectious disease has been found to be a necessary condition for engaging in appropriate preventive behaviors during an infectious disease outbreak, while endorsing conspiracy beliefs can inhibit preventive behaviors. Despite their seemingly opposing natures, knowledge and conspiracy beliefs may share some of the same psychological motivations, including a relationship with perceived risk and self‐efficacy (i.e., control). The 2015–2016 Zika epidemic provided an opportunity to explore this. The current research provides some exploratory tests of this topic derived from two studies with similar measures, but different primary outcomes: one study that included knowledge of Zika as a key outcome and one that included conspiracy beliefs about Zika as a key outcome. Both studies involved cross‐sectional data collections that occurred during the same two periods of the Zika outbreak: one data collection prior to the first cases of local Zika transmission in the United States (March–May 2016) and one just after the first cases of local transmission (July–August). Using ordinal logistic and linear regression analyses of data from two time points in both studies, the authors show an increase in relationship strength between greater perceived risk and self‐efficacy with both increased knowledge and increased conspiracy beliefs after local Zika transmission in the United States. Although these results highlight that similar psychological motivations may lead to Zika knowledge and conspiracy beliefs, there was a divergence in demographic association.
Utility of admission lactate concentration, lactate variables, and shock index in outcome assessment in dogs diagnosed with shock
Authors: Zollo Ann Marie , Ayoob Ashley L. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Jepson Roger D. , Lamb Kenneth E. , Fox Philip R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether admission venous plasma lactate concentration, calculated lactate variables, or shock index (SI) could discriminate hospital survivors from nonsurvivors in dogs admitted with shock.DesignProspective investigation performed over a 19‐month period.SettingLarge urban private teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐three dogs consecutively admitted to the ICU from January 2008 to July 2009 with initial peripheral venous plasma lactate concentration >2 mmol/L (18.0 mg/dL) and clinical and hemodynamic parameters consistent with shock.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsHeart rate, systolic blood pressure, and venous plasma lactate concentrations were serially recorded at predefined time points and used to calculate SI (SI = heart rate/systolic blood pressure) and lactate variables, including lactime (time lactate > 2.0 mmol/L), lactate clearance ([lactateinitial– lactatedelayed]/lactateinitial× 100), and LACAREA(area under the lactate concentration versus time curve). Primary outcome was survival to discharge. Overall survival rate was 61%. Admission venous plasma lactate concentration did not differ between groups (P= 0.2). Lactime was shorter in survivors versus nonsurvivors (P= 0.02). Lactate clearance at 1, 10, 16, 24, and 36 hours, and final lactate clearance were greater in survivors versus nonsurvivors (P< 0.05). LACAREAat time intervals 0–1, 1–4, 4–10, 10–16, 16–24, 24–30, and 30–36 hours was larger in nonsurvivors versus survivors (P< 0.05). Total LACAREAdid not differ between groups (P= 0.09). Admission SI and time to normalize SI (SI < 0.9) were not different between survivors and nonsurvivors (P> 0.05).ConclusionsWhile admission venous plasma lactate concentration could not discriminate between hospital survivors and nonsurvivors, lactate variables showed clinical utility to predict outcome in dogs with shock. Further studies are needed to determine SI reference ranges and optimal SI cut‐off values to improve its prognostic ability in sick dogs.
Hyperoxia enhances self‐paced exercise performance to a greater extent in cool than hot conditions
Authors: Périard J. D. , Houtkamp D. , Bright F. , Daanen H. A. M. , Abbiss C. R. , Thompson K. G. , Clark B. 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Hyperoxia enhances endurance performance by increasing O2 availability to locomotor muscles. We investigated whether hyperoxia can also improve prolonged self‐paced exercise in conditions of elevated thermal and cardiovascular strain.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Hyperoxia improved self‐paced exercise performance in hot and cool conditions. However, the extent of the improvement (increased work rate relative to normoxia) was greater in cool conditions. This suggests that the development of thermal and cardiovascular strain during prolonged self‐paced exercise under heat stress might attenuate the hyperoxia‐mediated increase in O2 delivery to locomotor muscles.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether breathing hyperoxic gas when self‐paced exercise performance is impaired under heat stress enhances power output. Nine well‐trained male cyclists performed four 40 min cycling time trials: two at 18°C (COOL) and two at 35°C (HOT). For the first 30 min, participants breathed ambient air, and for the remaining 10 min normoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.21; NOR) or hyperoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.45; HYPER) air. During the first 30 min of the time trials, power output was lower in the HOT (∼250 W) compared with COOL (∼273 W) conditions (P < 0.05). In the final 10 min, power output was higher in HOT‐HYPER (264 ± 25 W) than in HOT‐NOR (244 ± 31 W; P = 0.008) and in COOL‐HYPER (315 ± 28 W) than in COOL‐NOR (284 ± 25 W; P < 0.001). The increase in absolute power output in COOL‐HYPER was greater than in HOT‐HYPER (∼12 W; P = 0.057), as was normalized power output (∼30%; P < 0.001). The peripheral capillary percentage oxygen saturation increased in HOT‐HYPER and COOL‐HYPER (P < 0.05), with COOL‐HYPER being higher than HOT‐HYPER (P < 0.01). Heart rate was higher during the HOT compared with COOL trials (P < 0.01), as were mean skin temperature (P < 0.001) and peak rectal temperature (HOT, ∼39.5°C and COOL, ∼38.9°C; P < 0.01). Thermal discomfort was also higher in the HOT compared with COOL (P < 0.01), whereas ratings of perceived exertion were similar (P > 0.05). Hyperoxia enhanced performance during the final 25% of a 40 min time trial in both HOT and COOL conditions compared with normoxia. However, the attenuated increase in absolute and normalized power output noted in the HOT condition suggests that heat stress might mitigate the influence of hyperoxia.
Non‐coding RNAs: key players in cardiac disease
Authors: Kreutzer Fabian Philipp , Fiedler Jan , Thum Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecular mechanisms underlying heart failure (HF) are only partly understood. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to control function and signalling routes in the myocardium. As ncRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) or circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be selectively targeted via pharmacological approaches, this opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the main ncRNA classes and how they influence cardiac biology. In addition we provide insight into the role of ncRNAs in chemotherapy‐induced cardiac dysfunction. To provide a better understanding of ncRNAs in cardiovascular biology we present an outlook on specialized functions such as chromatin remodelling, biomarker potential and the recently discovered ncRNA‐derived micropeptides.
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Fluvial landscape evolution controlled by the sediment deposition coefficient: Estimation from experimental and natural landscapes
Authors: Guerit Laure , Yuan Xiao-Ping , Carretier Sébastien , Bonnet Stéphane , Rohais Sébastien , Braun Jean , Rouby Delphine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe evolution of a fluvial landscape is a balance between tectonic uplift, fluvial erosion, and sediment deposition. The erosion term can be expressed according to the stream power model, stating that fluvial incision is proportional to powers of river slope and discharge. The deposition term can be expressed as proportional to the sediment flux divided by a transport length. This length can be defined as the water flux times a scaling factor ζ. This factor exerts a major control on the river dynamics, on the spacing between sedimentary bedforms, or on the overall landscape erosional behavior. Yet, this factor is difficult to measure either in the lab or in the field. Here, we propose a new formulation for the deposition term based on a dimensionless coefficient, G, which can be estimated at the scale of a landscape from the slopes of rivers at the transition between a catchment and its fan. We estimate this deposition coefficient from 29 experimental catchment–alluvial fan systems and 68 natural examples. Based on our data set, we support the idea of Davy and Lague (2009) that G is a relevant parameter to characterize the erosional and transport mode of a fluvial landscape, which can be field calibrated, with a continuum from detachment-limited (G = 0) to transport-limited behavior (G >0.4 from the studied examples).
Sharing of clinical trial data and results reporting practices among large pharmaceutical companies: cross sectional descriptive study and pilot of a tool to improve company practices
Authors: Miller Jennifer , Ross Joseph S , Wilenzick Marc , Mello Michelle M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and pilot a tool to measure and improve pharmaceutical companies’ clinical trial data sharing policies and practices.DesignCross sectional descriptive analysis.SettingLarge pharmaceutical companies with novel drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015.Data sourcesData sharing measures were adapted from 10 prominent data sharing guidelines from expert bodies and refined through a multi-stakeholder deliberative process engaging patients, industry, academics, regulators, and others. Data sharing practices and policies were assessed using data from ClinicalTrials.gov, Drugs@FDA, corporate websites, data sharing platforms and registries (eg, the Yale Open Data Access (YODA) Project and Clinical Study Data Request (CSDR)), and personal communication with drug companies.Main outcome measuresCompany level, multicomponent measure of accessibility of participant level clinical trial data (eg, analysis ready dataset and metadata); drug and trial level measures of registration, results reporting, and publication; company level overall transparency rankings; and feasibility of the measures and ranking tool to improve company data sharing policies and practices.ResultsOnly 25% of large pharmaceutical companies fully met the data sharing measure. The median company data sharing score was 63% (interquartile range 58-85%). Given feedback and a chance to improve their policies to meet this measure, three companies made amendments, raising the percentage of companies in full compliance to 33% and the median company data sharing score to 80% (73-100%). The most common reasons companies did not initially satisfy the data sharing measure were failure to share data by the specified deadline (75%) and failure to report the number and outcome of their data requests. Across new drug applications, a median of 100% (interquartile range 91-100%) of trials in patients were registered, 65% (36-96%) reported results, 45% (30-84%) were published, and 95% (69-100%) were publicly available in some form by six months after FDA drug approval. When examining results on the drug level, less than half (42%) of reviewed drugs had results for all their new drug applications trials in patients publicly available in some form by six months after FDA approval.ConclusionsIt was feasible to develop a tool to measure data sharing policies and practices among large companies and have an impact in improving company practices. Among large companies, 25% made participant level trial data accessible to external investigators for new drug approvals in accordance with the current study’s measures; this proportion improved to 33% after applying the ranking tool. Other measures of trial transparency were higher. Some companies, however, have substantial room for improvement on transparency and data sharing of clinical trials.
Understanding the determinants of infant and under-five mortality rates: a multivariate decomposition analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys in Ghana, 2003, 2008 and 2014
Authors: Dwomoh Duah , Amuasi Susan , Agyabeng Kofi , Incoom Gabriel , Alhassan Yakubu , Yawson Alfred Edwin 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionDespite the decline in infant and under-five mortality rates since the last decade, Ghana did not meet the millennium development goal (MDG) 4 target. To implement effective interventions that could fast-track progress towards achieving the sustainable development goal 3 in 2030, factors contributing to the decline in child mortality throughout the MDG period and which factor(s) has/have been consistent in affecting child survival in the last decade need to be understood.MethodsThis study used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2003, 2008 and 2014 and data from World Bank Development Indicators (2000–2018). We employed modified Poisson with robust SE and multivariate decomposition approach to assess risk factors of child mortality using DHS data from 2003, 2008 and 2014. Penalised regression was used assess the effect of 25 country-level contextual factors on child survival.ResultsThe risk of infant mortality is approximately five times higher among mothers who had multiple births compared with mothers who had single birth over the last decade (adjusted relative risk 4.6, 95% CI 3.2 to 6.6, p<0.001). An increase in the annual percentage of female labour force participation (FLFP) is associated with the reduction of approximately 10 and 18 infant and under-five annual deaths per 1000 live births, respectively.ConclusionsThis study found that multiple births and shorter birth spacing are associated with increased risk of infant and under-five deaths over the last decade. Increased in FLFP, and the proportion of children sleeping under bed-net are associated with reduced risk of both infants and under-five deaths.