bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Nowhere Is Safe: Interpersonal Trauma and Attachment Adversity as Antecedents of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Developmental Trauma Disorder
Authors: Spinazzola Joseph , van der Kolk Bessel , Ford Julian D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopmental trauma disorder (DTD) has been proposed as clinical framework for the sequelae of complex trauma exposure in children. In this study, we investigated whether DTD is associated with different traumatic antecedents than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a multisite sample of 236 children referred from pediatric or mental health treatment, DTD was assessed using the DTD Structured Interview. Trauma history was assessed using the Traumatic Events Screening Instrument (TESI). On an unadjusted basis, both DTD, odds ratios (ORs) = 2.0–3.8, 95% CI [1.17, 7.19]; and PTSD, ORs = 1.8–3.0, 95% CI [1.04, 6.27], were associated with past physical assault and/or abuse, family violence, emotional abuse, neglect, and impaired caregivers; and DTD was associated community violence, OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.35, 5.43]. On a multivariate basis after controlling for the effects of PTSD, DTD was associated with family and community violence and impaired caregivers, ORs = 2.0–2.5, 95% CI [1.09, 5.97], whereas PTSD was only associated with physical assault and/or abuse after controlling for the effects of DTD, OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.07, 4.99]. Exposure to both interpersonal trauma and attachment adversity was associated with the highest DTD symptom count, controlling for the PTSD symptom count. Although childhood PTSD and DTD share several traumatic antecedents, DTD may be uniquely associated with pervasive exposure to violent environments and impaired caregiving. Therefore, DTD warrants further investigation as a framework for the assessment and treatment of children with histories of interpersonal victimization and attachment adversity.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Temperament, and the Pathway to Cellular Senescence
Authors: Connolly Samantha L. , Stoop Tawni B. , Logue Mark W. , Orr Esther Hana , De Vivo Immaculata , Miller Mark W. , Wolf Erika J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTraumatic stress is thought to be associated with shortened telomere length (TL) in leukocytes, an age‐related marker of increased risk for cellular senescence, although findings thus far have been mixed. We assessed associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, temperament, and TL in a sample of 453 White, non‐Hispanic, middle‐aged, trauma‐exposed male and female veterans and civilians. Given that prior research has suggested an association between PTSD and accelerated cellular age, we also examined associations between TL and an index of accelerated cellular age derived from DNA methylation data (DNAm age). Analyses revealed that, controlling for chronological age, PTSD was not directly associated with TL but rather this association was moderated by age, β = −.14, p = .003, ΔR2 = .02. Specifically, PTSD severity evidenced a stronger negative association with TL among relatively older participants (≥ 55 years of age). In a subset of veterans with data pertaining to temperament (n = 150), positive emotionality, and, specifically, a drive toward achievement, β = .26, p = .002, ΔR2 = .06, were positively associated with TL. There was no evidence of an association between age‐adjusted TL and accelerated DNAm age. Collectively, these results indicate that older adults may be more vulnerable to the negative health effects of PTSD but that traits such as achievement, resilience, and psychological hardiness may be protective. These findings underscore the importance of identifying reliable biomarkers of cellular aging and senescence and of determining the biological mechanisms that contribute to stress‐related disease and decline.
Predictors of Outcome and Residual Symptoms Following Trauma‐Focused Psychotherapy in Police Officers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Smid Geert E. , van der Meer Christianne A. I. , Olff Miranda , Nijdam Mirjam J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolice officers exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTE) are at a heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about trauma‐focused psychotherapy outcomes in the police. In this naturalistic study, we evaluated whether PTE exposure and baseline clinical characteristics predicted PTSD symptom reduction during treatment and residual PTSD symptoms posttreatment. In consecutive referrals to a specialized mental health service for police officers (N = 665), PTSD was measured pre‐ and posttreatment using structured clinical interviews. Treatment consisted of brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD. We grouped PTE as follows: injury/maltreatment, loss (colleague or private), other job‐related, other private traumatic events. Data were analyzed multivariably using structural equation modeling and logistic regression. Treatment effect size was large, d = 3.6, 95% CI [3.4, 3.8]. Police officers who reported more injury/maltreatment or private traumatic had more baseline PTSD symptoms as well as larger symptom reduction during treatment; police officers who reported more losses of loved ones showed smaller PTSD symptom reduction. Concentration problems persisted in 17.7% of police officers posttreatment, and these were predicted by baseline PTSD symptoms and loss of loved ones. Proportions of variance explained by the multivariable models ranged from 0.08 to 0.14. Our findings increase insight into the type of PTE and clinical characteristics of police officers with PTSD who benefit most from trauma‐focused treatment. Because loss of loved ones can be presumed to have a profound impact on social and interpersonal functioning, a more specific treatment focus on grief processes may further enhance efficacy.
The Preliminary Development and Validation of a Trauma‐Related Safety‐Seeking Behavior Measure for Youth: The Child Safety Behavior Scale (CSBS)
Authors: Alberici Alice , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Claxton Jade , Smith Patrick , Ehlers Anke , Dixon Clare , Mckinnon Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSafety‐seeking behaviors (SSBs) may be employed after exposure to a traumatic event in an effort to prevent a feared outcome. Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder propose SSBs contribute to maintaining this disorder by preventing disconfirmation of maladaptive beliefs and preserving a sense of current threat. Recent research has found that SSBs impact children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and recovery. In this paper, we sought to develop and validate a novel 22‐item Child Safety Behavior Scale (CSBS) in a school‐based sample of 391 pupils (age 12–15 years) who completed a battery of questionnaires as well as 68 youths (age 8–17 years) who were recently exposed to a trauma. Of the sample, 93.1% (N = 426) completed the new questionnaire. The sample was split (n = 213), and we utilized principal components analysis alongside parallel analysis, which revealed that 13 items loaded well onto a two‐factor structure. This structure was superior to a one‐factor model and overall demonstrated a moderately good model of fit across indices, based upon a confirmatory factory analysis with the other half of the sample. The CSBS showed excellent internal consistency, r = .90; good test–retest reliability, r = .64; and good discriminant validity and specificity. In a multiple linear regression, SSBs, negative appraisals, and number of trauma types each accounted for unique variance in a model of PTSS. This study provides initial support for the use of the CSBS in trauma‐exposed youth as a valuable tool for further research, clinical assessment, and targeted intervention.
Shrub encroachment is not always land degradation: Insights from ground‐dwelling beetle species niches along a shrub cover gradient in a semi‐arid Namibian savanna
Authors: Hering Robert , Hauptfleisch Morgan , Geißler Katja , Marquart Arnim , Schoenen Maria , Blaum Niels 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShrub encroachment in semi‐arid savannas is induced by interacting effects of climate, fire suppression, and unsustainable livestock farming; it carries a severe risk of land degradation and strongly influences natural communities that provide key ecosystem functions. However, species‐specific effects of shrub cover on many animal groups that act as indicators of degradation remain largely unknown. We analysed the consequences of shrub encroachment for ground‐dwelling beetles in a semi‐arid Namibian savanna rangeland, where beetles and vegetation were recorded along a shrub cover gradient (<1% to >30%). Focusing on species niche breadths and optima, we identified two crucial shrub cover thresholds (2.9% and 10.0%), corresponding to major changes in the beetle communities with implications for savanna ecosystem functioning.Niche optima of most species were between the first and second thresholds; beyond the second threshold, saprophagous, coprophagous, and rare predatory beetles declined in numbers and diversity. This is problematic because beetles provide important ecosystem functions, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, we also found that certain species were adapted to high shrub cover, thus providing examples of niche differentiation. Despite the predominantly negative effects of heavy shrub encroachment on beetle communities, shrubs in their early life stages apparently provide essential structures, which enhance habitat quality for ground‐dwelling beetles.Our results demonstrate that shrub encroachment can have mixed effects on ground‐dwelling beetle communities and hence on savanna ecosystem functioning. We, therefore, conclude that rangeland management and restoration should consider the complex trade‐offs between species‐specific effects and the level of encroachment for sustainable land use.
Andic soils and flow‐like landslides: Cause–effect evidence from Italy
Authors: Scognamiglio Solange , Basile Angelo , Calcaterra Domenico , Iamarino Michela , Langella Giuliano , Moretti Pierpaolo , Vingiani Simona , Terribile Fabio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlow‐like landslides are extremely hazardous phenomena that cause fatalities and damage to natural environments, such as loss of fertile soil cover and vegetation and damage to infrastructure. In the Campania region (southern Italy), previous studies have proved that the most catastrophic flow‐like mass movements involve and evolve within a specific soil type: Andosols. Recent findings show that both Andosols and andic soils are widely diffused in the mountain ecosystems of Italy. In this framework, we aim to evaluate whether catastrophic flow‐like landslides, historically recorded in Italy, took place where these soils are settled. Soils collected in 12 flow‐like landslides that occurred in Italy in the last 70 years were investigated. Chemical, physical and hydrological properties of soil samples collected from the detachment areas under different environmental and geological settings were analysed. Soils showed evidences of the andosolization process that enabled their identification as andic soils. Topsoils were well developed, demonstrating low soil erosion in spite of the high‐to‐moderate slope steepness and the anthropic stress due to land management. High water‐retention capacity, marked chemical and physical fertility, high organic carbon content and prevalent loamy texture are common properties of all the studied soils. Therefore, despite the lithological heterogeneity of the bedrock and other environmental factors, the 12 soils revealed considerably homogeneous properties. Our study suggests a direct relationship between flow‐like mass movements and andic soils in the studied environments. These findings shed new light on the pedological similarity of the materials involved in flow‐like landslides in Italy.
Ultra‐Efficient and Broadband Nonlinear AlGaAs‐on‐Insulator Chip for Low‐Power Optical Signal Processing
Authors: Pu Minhao , Hu Hao , Ottaviano Luisa , Semenova Elizaveta , Vukovic Dragana , Oxenløwe Leif Katsuo , Yvind Kresten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFour‐wave mixing (FWM) is a versatile optical nonlinear parametric process that enables a plethora of signal processing functionalities in optical communication. Realization of efficient and broadband all‐optical signal processing with ultra‐low energy consumption has been elusive for decades. Although tremendous efforts have been put into developing various material platforms, it has remained a challenge to obtain both high efficiency and broadband operation. Here, an aluminum gallium arsenide nonlinear chip with high FWM conversion efficiency per length per pump power and an ultra‐broad bandwidth is presented. Combining an ultra‐high material nonlinearity and strong effective nonlinear enhancement from a high‐index‐contrast waveguide layout, an ultra‐high conversion efficiency of −4 dB is obtained in a 3‐mm‐long nano‐waveguide. Taking advantage of high‐order dispersion, a scheme is presented to realize an ultra‐broad continuous conversion bandwidth covering 1280–2020 nm. A microresonator is also utilized to demonstrate a conversion efficiency enhancement gain of more than 50 dB with respect to a waveguide device, which significantly reduces the power consumption. Moreover, wavelength conversion of an optical serial data signal is performed at a bit rate beyond terabit‐per‐second, showing the capabilities of this III‐V semiconductor material for broadband optical signal processing.
Filament Materials Screening for FDM 3D Printing by Means of Injection‐Molded Short Rods
Authors: Jin Minde , Giesa Reiner , Neuber Christian , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA miniature small‐scale material processing and testing approach is developed as a screening method to evaluate polymer materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM). This method is suitable for a small material input of less than 10 g using a mini compounder in combination with an injection molding machine to manufacture short rods usable as FDM feedstock material. Compared with conventional continuous filament extrusion, where the amount of raw material required is around 1–5 kg, time and material consumption are both significantly reduced for the investigation of FDM filament materials or formulations. In order to demonstrate this method, three different polypropylene grades are processed into rods and compared to commercially available continuous filaments. In addition to warp deformation, interlayer bonding properties are also measured on test specimens punched out of FDM‐printed square tubes. The presented rod preparation and square tube printing offer fast and efficient material screening and optimization for new FDM material development.
Three‐layered circular patch antennas array with UC‐PBG for wider bandwidth and surface wave propagation mode attenuation at X‐band
Authors: Jiménez‐Guzmán Gabriel Ángel , Tirado‐Méndez José Alfredo , Jardón‐Aguilar Hildeberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, a three‐layered antenna array complemented with Uniplanar Compact Photonic‐Bandgap (UP‐PBG) structure is presented, for applications in the X‐band. The proposed array consists of circular patch radiator operating at 10 GHz, where the element is surrounded by UC‐PBG unit cells in order to improve the performance of the antenna. By combining the radiator and the UC‐PBG cells, the directivity, gain and polarization are kept, while the parasitic lobes are reduced 50% their magnitude. The bandwidth augments 44% compared to a conventional array, and a diminution of the surface propagation mode is obtained, increasing the radiation efficiency.
A meta‐heuristic Bayesian network classification for intrusion detection
Authors: Prasath Mahesh Kumar , Perumal Balasubramani 
Published: October 2018

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) is an innovative network paradigm much in demand today in academics and industry. In this network, the SDN controller must be able to observe and examine traffic flow through the network systems. However, intrusion‐based data packets affect the whole system is a major drawback. To overcome this issue, we propose a Novel Agent Program (NAP) framework for preventing switches from the external compromised attacks. A Meta‐Heuristic Bayesian Network Classification (MHBNC) algorithm for intrusion detection is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm follows certain procedures for preprocessing, feature selection, feature optimization, and classification. Normal and anomaly‐based data packets are classified successfully with its improved detection capabilities based on the optimization technique. The simulation results of the proposed ID_MBC (intrusion detection based on meta‐heuristic Bayesian classifier) technique is compared with existing techniques such as the association rule, PSO+GA, and the GA+RVM. The proposed MHBNC classifier performs better than existing methods.
Mean square stabilization of discrete‐time switching Markov jump linear systems
Authors: Qu Haibo , Hu Jialei , Song Yang , Yang Taicheng 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper considers a special class of hybrid system called switching Markov jump linear system. The system transition is governed by two rules. One is Markov chain and the other is a deterministic rule. Furthermore, the transition probability of the Markov chain is not only piecewise but also orchestrated by a deterministic switching rule. In this paper, the mean square stability of the systems is studied when the deterministic switching is subject to two different dwell time conditions, ie, having a lower bound and having both lower and high bounds. The main contributions of this paper are two relevant stability theorems for the systems under study. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Nanophase morphology and crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) blends
Authors: Seraji Seyed Mohsen , Gui Haoguan , Zhang Jin , Guo Qipeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMS‐b‐PMMA) diblock copolymer was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization method and blended with a high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In this A‐b‐B/C type of diblock copolymer/homopolymer system, semi‐crystallizable PVDF (C) and PMMA (B) block are miscible due to favorable intermolecular interactions. However, the A block (PDMS) is immiscible with PVDF and therefore generates nanostructured morphology via self‐assembly. Crystallization study reveals that both α and γ crystalline phases of PVDF are present in the blends with up to 30 wt% of PDMS‐b‐PMMA block copolymer. Adding 10 wt% of PVDF to PDMS‐b‐PMMA diblock copolymer leads to worm‐like micelle morphology of PDMS of 10 nm in diameter and tens of nanometers in length. Moreover, morphological results show that PDMS nanostructures are localized in the inter‐fibrillar region of PVDF with the addition of up to 20 wt% of the block copolymer. Increase of PVDF long period by 45% and decrease of degree of crystallization by 34% confirm the localization of PDMS in the PVDF inter‐fibrillar region. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerical study of surface agglomeration of ultraviolet‐polymeric ink and its control during 3D nano‐inkjet printing process
Authors: Aphinyan Suphanat , Ang Elisa Y. M. , Yeo Jingjie , Ng Teng Yong , Geethalakshmi K. R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThere is a pressing need in very small scale three‐dimensional (3D) inkjet printing to control and reduce agglomeration, as agglomeration often leads to nozzle clogging. While agglomeration within ultraviolet ink has been studied, there has been, to our knowledge, no extensive studies conducted for surface agglomeration of the ink on nozzle's wall. This numerical study therefore focuses on investigating if surfactants can effectively control surface agglomeration during nanodroplet formation. Many‐body dissipative particle dynamics is the numerical method of choice here. We found that small amount of surfactant of about 1 wt % is sufficient to effectively reduce ink deposition on the nozzle's wall. However, by using the properties of a commercially available surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, it was found that the maximum reduction achieved by its addition is only 60%. Thus, further physical or chemical deagglomeration techniques are required, and we show that by considering these other techniques, reduction of surface agglomeration to nearly 92% can be achieved. Finally, we found that adding surfactants has the additional benefit of improving total kinetic energy of the ink compositions, lowering possibility of agglomerations within the ink. It also raises the nanodroplet velocity while reducing nanodroplet breakup time, which can help speed up the process of 3D printing process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1615–1624
Optimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and localization in terrestrial environments
Authors: Piña‐Covarrubias Evelyn , Hill Andrew P. , Prince Peter , Snaddon Jake L. , Rogers Alex , Doncaster C. Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rapid evolution in miniaturization, power efficiency and affordability of acoustic sensors, combined with new innovations in smart capability, are vastly expanding opportunities in ground‐level monitoring for wildlife conservation at a regional scale using massive sensor grids. Optimal placement of environmental sensors and probabilistic localization of sources have previously been considered only in theory, and not tested for terrestrial acoustic sensors. Conservation applications conventionally model detection as a function of distance. We developed probabilistic algorithms for near‐optimal placement of sensors, and for localization of the sound source as a function of spatial variation in sound pressure. We employed a principled‐GIS tool for mapping soundscapes to test the methods on a tropical‐forest case study using gunshot sensors. On hilly terrain, near‐optimal placement halved the required number of sensors compared to a square grid. A test deployment of acoustic devices matched the predicted success in detecting gunshots, and traced them to their local area. The methods are applicable to a broad range of target sounds. They require only an empirical estimate of sound‐detection probability in response to noise level, and a soundscape simulated from a topographic habitat map. These methods allow conservation biologists to plan cost‐effective deployments for measuring target sounds, and to evaluate the impacts of sub‐optimal sensor placements imposed by access or cost constraints, or multipurpose uses.