bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics to aid species delimitation and effective conservation of the Sharpnose Guitarfish (Glaucostegus granulatus)
Authors: Johri Shaili , Fellows Sam , Solanki Jitesh , Busch Anissa , Livingston Isabella , Mora Maria Fernanda , Tiwari Anjani , Goodman Asha , Cantu Adrian , Doane Michael P. , Morris Megan , Edwards Robert A. , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Sharpnose Guitarfish (Glaucostegus granulatus) is one of fifteen critically endangered Rhino Rays which has been exploited as incidental catch, leading to severe population depletions and localized disappearances. Like many chondrichthyan species, there are no species-specific time-series data available for the Sharpnose Guitarfish that can be used to calculate population reduction, partly due to a lack of species-specific reporting as well as limitations in accurate taxonomic identification. We here present the first complete mitochondrial genome and partial nuclear genome of the species and the first detail phylogenetic assessment of the species. We expect that data presented in the current manuscript will aid in accurate species-specific landing and population assessments of the species in the future and will enable conservation efforts to protect and recover remaining populations.
Establishing two principal dimensions of cognitive variation in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Ramanan Siddharth , Roquet Daniel , Goldberg Zoë-lee , Hodges John. R. , Piguet Olivier , Irish Muireann , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTLogopenic Progressive Aphasia (LPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterised by sentence repetition and naming difficulties arising from left-lateralised temporoparietal atrophy. Clinical descriptions of LPA largely concentrate on profiling language deficits, however, accumulating evidence points to the presence of cognitive deficits, even on tasks with minimal language demands. Although non-linguistic cognitive deficits in LPA are thought to scale with disease severity, patients at discrete stages of language dysfunction display overlapping cognitive profiles, suggesting individual-level variation in cognitive performance, independent of primary language dysfunction. To address this issue, we used principal component analysis to decompose individual-level variation in cognitive performance in 43 well-characterised LPA patients who underwent multi-domain neuropsychological assessments and structural neuroimaging. The principal component analysis solution revealed the presence of two, statistically independent factors, providing stable and clinically intuitive explanations for the majority of variance in cognitive performance in the syndrome. Factor 1 reflected ‘speech production and verbal memory’ deficits which typify LPA. Systematic variations were also confirmed on a second, orthogonal factor mainly comprising visuospatial and executive processes. Adopting a case-comparison approach, we further demonstrate that pairs of patients with comparable Factor 1 scores, regardless of their severity, diverge considerably on visuo-executive test performance, underscoring the inter-individual variability in cognitive profiles in comparably ‘logopenic’ patients. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that speech production and verbal memory factor scores correlated with left middle frontal gyrus, while visuospatial and executive factor scores were associated with grey matter intensity of right-lateralised temporoparietal, middle frontal regions and their underlying white matter connectivity. Importantly, LPA patients with poorer visuospatial and executive factor scores demonstrated greater right-lateralised temporoparietal and frontal atrophy. Our findings demonstrate the inherent variation in cognitive performance at an individual- and group-level in LPA, suggesting the presence of a genuine co-occurring cognitive impairment that is independent of language function and disease severity.
No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task
Authors: van den Berg Ronald , Zou Qijia , Li Yuhang , Ma Wei Ji 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious work has shown that humans distribute their visual working memory (VWM) resources flexibly across items: the higher the importance of an item, the better it is remembered. A related, but much less studied question is whether people also have control over the total amount of VWM resource allocated to a task. Here, we approach this question by testing whether increasing monetary incentives results in better overall VWM performance. In three experiments, subjects performed a delayed-estimation task on the Amazon Turk platform. In the first two experiments, four groups of subjects received a bonus payment based on their performance, with the maximum bonus ranging from $0 to $10 between groups. We found no effect of the amount of bonus on intrinsic motivation or on VWM performance in either experiment. In the third experiment, reward was manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis using a within-subjects design. Again, no evidence was found that VWM performance depended on the magnitude of potential reward. These results suggest that encoding quality in visual working memory is insensitive to monetary reward, which has implications for resource-rational theories of VWM.
Deep-Channel uses deep neural networks to detect single-molecule events from patch-clamp data
Authors: Celik Numan , O’Brien Fiona , Brennan Sean , Rainbow Richard D. , Dart Caroline , Zheng Yalin , Coenen Frans , Barrett-Jolley Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle-molecule research such as patch-clamp recording delivers unique biological insight by capturing the movement of individual proteins in real time, unobscured by whole-cell ensemble averaging. The critical first step in analysis is event detection, so called “idealisation”, where noisy raw data are turned into discrete records of protein movement. To date there have been practical limitations in patch-clamp data idealisation; high quality idealisation is typically laborious and becomes infeasible and subjective with complex biological data containing many distinct native single ion channel proteins gating simultaneously. Here we show a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory architecture can automatically idealise complex single molecule activity more accurately and faster than traditional methods. There are no parameters to set; baseline, channel amplitude or numbers of channels for example. We believe this approach could revolutionise the unsupervised automatic detection of single-molecule transition events in the future.
SVF-derived extracellular vesicles carry characteristic miRNAs in lipedema
Authors: Priglinger Eleni , Strohmeier Karin , Weigl Moritz , Lindner Carolin , Barsch Martin , Jacak Jaroslaw , Redl Heinz , Grillari Johannes , Sandhofer Matthias , Hackl Matthias , Wolbank Susanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLipedema is a chronic, progressive disease of adipose tissue with lack of consistent diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was a thorough comparative characterization of extracellular microRNAs from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of healthy and lipedema adipose tissue. For this, we analyzed 187 extracellular microRNAs in concentrated conditioned media (cCM) and specifically in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched thereof by size exclusion chromatography. No significant difference in median particle size and concentration was observed between sEV fractions in healthy and lipedema. We found the majority of miRNAs located predominantly in cCM compared to sEV enriched fraction. Surprisingly, hierarchical clustering of the most variant miRNAs showed that only sEV miRNA profiles – but not cCM miRNAs – were impacted by lipedema. Seven sEV miRNAs (miR–16-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-454-p, miR–144-5p, miR-130a-3p, let-7c-5p) were differently regulated in lipedema and healthy, whereas only one cCM miRNA (miR-188-5p) was significantly downregulated in lipedema. Comparing SVF from healthy and lipedema patients, we identified sEVs as the lipedema relevant miRNA fraction. This study contributes to identify the potential role of SVF secreted miRNAs in lipedema.
Altered hypothalamic diffusivity in Parkinsonian autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Rousseau Célia , Sklerov Miriam , Browner Nina , Lee Yueh Z. , Boucaud Adrien , Prieto Juan , Styner Martin A. , Dayan Eran 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiological basis of autonomic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease remains incompletely understood. The hypothalamus plays a key regulatory role in autonomic function and has been shown to be affected in Parkinson’s disease. Here, using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether microstructural properties of the hypothalamus differ in Parkinson’s disease patients with high compared to low autonomic symptom burden.Parkinson’s disease patients with low (n=25) and high (n=25) autonomic symptom burden were identified from a larger pool, based on scores from a questionnaire assessing autonomic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (SCOPA-AUT). In each patient, we first segmented the hypothalamus manually, based on anatomical landmarks. Diffusivity measures were then extracted from the hypothalamus. Diffusivity measures calculated in the brainstem and the putamen were used to assess the specificity of the results.Relative to patients with low autonomic symptom burden, patients with high burden showed increased mean, axial, and radial diffusivity in the hypothalamus. In contrast, we did not find significant group differences in any of these measures extracted from the brainstem or the putamen.These results reveal consistent differences in the microstructural properties of the hypothalamus between patients with low and high autonomic symptom burden. Hypothalamic diffusivity properties can thus potentially be used as an imaging marker to assist in the identification of therapeutic targets for autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease.
Macrocyclization of an all-D linear peptide improves target affinity and imparts cellular activity: A novel stapled α-helical peptide modality
Authors: Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Aronica Pietro G. A. , Ng Simon , Thean Dawn , Frosi Yuri , Chee Sharon , Shimin Jiang , Yuen Tsz Ying , Sadruddin Ahmad , Kaan Hung Yi Kristal , Chandramohan Arun , Wong Jin Huei , Tan Yaw Sing , Ferrer Fernando J. , Arumugam Prakash , Han Yi , Chen Shiying , Brown Christopher J. , Johannes Charles W. , Henry Brian , Lane David P. , Sawyer Tomi K. , Verma Chandra S. , Partridge Anthony W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeptide-based inhibitors hold great potential for targeted modulation of intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by leveraging vast chemical space relative to primary structureviasequence diversity as well as conformationally through varying secondary and tertiary structures. However, the development of peptide therapeutics has been hindered because of their limited conformational stability, proteolytic sensitivity and cell permeability. Several contemporary peptide design strategies address these issues to varying degrees. Strategic macrocyclization through optimally placed chemical braces such as olefinic hydrocarbon crosslinks, commonly referred to as staples, may address these issues by i) restricting conformational freedom to improve target affinities, ii) improving proteolytic resistance, and iii) enhancing cell permeability. Conversely, molecules constructed entirely from D-amino acids are hyper-resistant to proteolytic cleavage, but generally lack conformational stability and membrane permeability. Since neither approach is a complete solution, we have combined these strategies to identify the first examples of all-D α-helical stapled and stitched peptides. As a template, we used a recently reported all D-linear peptide that is a potent inhibitor of the p53-Mdm2 interaction, but is devoid of cellular activity. To design both stapled and stitched all-D-peptide analogues, we used computational modelling to predict optimal staple placement. The resultant novel macrocyclic all D-peptide was determined to exhibit increased α-helicity, improved target binding, complete proteolytic stability and, most notably, cellular activity.
Peritubular macrophages and spermatogonia are sequentially increased in the testis of rats after mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure
Authors: Gillette Ross , Tiwary Richa , Voss Jorine JLP , Hewage Shavini N , Richburg John H 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeripubertal exposure to the phthalate metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in rodents causes testicular inflammation, spermatocyte apoptosis, and disruption of the blood-testis barrier. The MEHP-induced inflammation response includes an infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils to the testes, although the cause and purpose of this response is unknown. Recently, a population of testicular macrophages phenotypically distinct from those resident in the interstitium was described in mice. Testicular peritubular macrophages aggregate near the spermatogonial stem cell niche and are believed to stimulate their differentiation. We hypothesized that if testicular peritubular macrophages do indeed stimulate spermatogonial differentiation, MEHP exposure would result in an increase of peritubular macrophages to stimulate the replacement of lost spermatocytes. Male rats were exposed to 700 mg/kg MEHP or corn oil (vehicle control)viaoral gavage at PND 28 and euthanized at 48 hours, 1 week, or 2 weeks later. Tubules were stained with immunofluorescent markers for macrophages and undifferentiated spermatogonia. Peritubular macrophages were observed in rat testis similar to those previously described in mice: MHC-II+cells on the surface of seminiferous tubules with heterogeneous morphology. Quantification of MHC-II+cells revealed that, unlike in the mouse, their numbers did not increase through puberty. MEHP increased macrophage presence by six-fold 48-hours after exposure and remained elevated by two-fold two weeks after exposure. An increase of differentiating spermatogonia occurred two weeks after MEHP exposure. Taken together, our results suggest that peritubular macrophages play a crucial role in the testis response to acute injury and the subsequent recovery of spermatogenesis.Summary SentencePhthalate-induced testicular injury results in an increase of specialized peritubular macrophages that may assist in the recovery of spermatogenesis.
How brain reacts to targeted attack at a hub region
Authors: Tu Wenyu , Ma Zilu , Ma Yuncong , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe architecture of brain networks has been extensively studied in multiple species. However, exactly how the brain network reconfigures when a local region stops functioning remains elusive. By combining chemogenetics and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in awake rodents, we investigated the causal impact of acutely inactivating a hub region (i.e. dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) on brain network properties. We found that disrupting hub activity profoundly changed the function the default-mode network (DMN), and this change was associated with altered DMN-related behavior. Suppressing hub activity also impacted the topological architecture of the whole-brain network in network resilience, segregation and small worldness, but not network integration. This study has established a system that allows for mechanistically dissecting the relationship between local regions and brain network properties. Our data provide direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that acute dysfunction of a brain hub can cause large-scale network changes. This study opens an avenue of manipulating brain networks by controlling hub-node activity.
Kinetic profiling of metabolic specialists demonstrates stability and consistency of in vivo enzyme turnover numbers
Authors: Heckmann David , Campeau Anaamika , Lloyd Colton J. , Phaneuf Patrick , Hefner Ying , Carrillo-Terrazas Marvic , Feist Adam M. , Gonzalez David J. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnzyme turnover numbers (kcats) are essential for a quantitative understanding of cells. Because kcats are traditionally measured in low-throughput assays, they are often noisy, non-physiological, inconsistent, and labor-intensive to obtain.We use a data-driven approach to estimate in vivo kcats using metabolic specialist E. coli strains that resulted from gene knockouts in central metabolism followed by metabolic optimization via laboratory evolution. By combining absolute proteomics with fluxomics data, we find that in vivo kcats are robust against genetic perturbations, suggesting that metabolic adaptation to gene loss is mostly achieved through other mechanisms, like gene-regulatory changes. Combining machine learning and genome-scale metabolic models, we show that the obtained in vivo kcats predict unseen proteomics data with much higher precision than in vitro kcats. The results demonstrate that in vivo kcats can solve the problem of noisy and inconsistent parameterizations of cellular models.
Generational differences in relationship between prosocial identity fit and affective commitment
Authors: Rani Nitya , Samuel Anand A. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the generational differences in the relationship between Person–Organization (P-O) fit of prosocial identity and affective commitment.Design/methodology/approachA moderated polynomial regression was used to examine the generational differences in the relationship between P-O fit of prosocial identity and affective commitment.FindingsOrganizational prosocial identity was found to be strongly correlated to affective commitment of employees. Generational differences existed among the employees in affective commitment and perception of organizational prosocial identity with Gen Y employees showing lower affective commitment and lower perception of organizational prosocial identity than older employees. P-O fit of prosocial identity had a significant relationship with affective commitment only for Gen Y employees. Gen Y employees had highest affective commitment when both individual and organizational prosocial identity were high vs when both were low.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends the research on P-O fit by examining the fit of a new dimension – prosocial identity. Further, by examining differences in this relationship for members of each generation, this paper also extends the research on generational theory.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide important input to managers who seek to increase the affective commitment of the “job hopping” Gen Y employees. The P-O fit of prosocial identity may present an important way of improving affective commitment for this generation of employees.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to examine P-O fit of prosocial identity in India. It is also one of the first to examine this relationship in the context of a multigenerational workforce.
Consumer identification and oppositional organizational identities
Authors: Davis Daniel J. , Scheaf David J. , Williams Eleanor B. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Oppositional organizational identities are fraught with conflict and often evoke powerful social and cultural identities. Such identities may be a divisive force among consumers. The purpose of this paper is to understand how consumers construct frames that facilitate identification with oppositional organizational identities.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use online reviews from TripAdvisor.com and Yelp.com of the Creation Museum in Kentucky, USA. The Creation Museum is an ideal research context due to its location within American public discourse regarding religion and science. Through a grounded theory approach of the reviews, the authors propose three identity frames.

Findings
The data suggest that consumers primarily construct three frames to identify with the Creation Museum: transformational experiences, interpretive bricolage and oppositional scripts. Together, these frames engender resonance and facilitate consumer identification.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the first to examine how oppositional organizational identities garner consumer support. Given that consumers are increasingly attentive to organizational processes and the ubiquity of information technology, which reduces the costs of information and interaction, the study provides a much more holistic perspective on oppositional organizational identity and offers a multitude of future avenues for further research.
Controlling disturbing tourist behaviour: a perspective article
Authors: Pearce Philip L. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Over the past 75 years, and even before that time span, some tourists have been identified as behaving destructively, unsafely and unsustainably. Such behaviours disturb other tourists, cost communities, reduce business profitability and impair life across the planet (Gössling, 2018). The attempts to reduce these negative consequences have been varied; they are not always successful and are likely to be creatively modified for the remainder of the twenty-first century. A summary table identifies key actions for limiting the disturbing tourist behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
A short review is the requested style of this piece.

Findings
Much remains to be done though some successes are the likely basis for further effort.

Originality/value
This is a new summary, integrating much diverse material and built on very recent work and learning on the author's contributions to appear in Tourist Behaviour The Essential Companion Edward Elgar 2019.
Air transport innovations: a perspective article
Authors: Lohmann Gui , Pereira Bruno Alencar 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to review some of the main aviation innovations that have taken place in the past 75 years and also provide some insights into the future of the sector until the end of the twenty-first century.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a historical approach by identifying the main regulatory, technological and economic innovations that have allowed aviation to become such a global phenomenon, supporting the tourism industry worldwide. A similar approach is used to identify future innovations to support safe, sustainable and customer-focused advancements in the next 75 years.

Findings
No particular findings, but rather a timeline of remarkable developments (1945-2095) perspectives of air transport innovations.

Originality/value
This paper is a short review of the main innovations that have supported the air transport industry in the past 75 years, while predicting some other innovations to support the sector in the future.