bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution electrowriting of highly stable TiN nanofiber pattern for transparent electrode under extreme environment
Authors: Hu Sanyuan , Chen Tao , Liang Jianye , Zhou Huamin , Li Dequn , Li Heping , Yan Youwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fast developing electronic industry boosts higher demand of transparent electrode. Nanofiber network design provides a new platform for finding alternative materials to replace the traditional indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO) film as transparent electrode. In this work, the TiN nanofiber network with a micron‐scale precise geometry was firstly assembled by solution electrowriting. Unlike the ordinary opaque TiN film or bulk, the geometry patterned TiN nanofiber network achieved an ultrahigh transparency above 90%. Due to the electrical conductive virtue of TiN, the network reached a relatively low sheet resistance of 10.3 Ω/sq that can be comparable to ITO and even metal nanofibers. The combination of high transparency and low sheet resistance in TiN nanofiber network paves a way for its application as transparent electrode. Moreover, the figure‐of‐merit of TiN nanofiber transparent electrode was controllable by simply adjusting the geometry size of TiN nanofiber pattern. A series of oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance tests were additionally carried out, which caused little effect on the performance of TiN nanofiber transparent electrode. This excellent antioxidative and anticorrosive property demonstrates the high chemical durability of TiN nanofiber network, especially compared to metal nanofiber networks.
Material weakness disclosures and restatement announcements: The joint and order effects
Authors: He Li , Sarath Bharat , Wans Nader 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examine differences in stock price, option volatility, and litigation reactions to restatement announcements that are associated with a material weakness (MW) disclosure. Contrasted with restatements that are not associated with any MW disclosure, our analyses reveal that firms that announce both a restatement and an associated MW experience significantly more negative market returns, greater implied volatility, and higher likelihood of class action lawsuits. Separating the restatements into timely reporters, where the MW precedes the restatement, and non‐timely reporters, where the MW is concurrent with or follows the restatement, we find that timely reporters experience more negative returns at the time of the restatement, relative to non‐timely reporters, suggesting that investors perceive the early MW disclosure to signal more pervasive control‐related problems. Interestingly, we find that timely and non‐timely reporters are equally likely to be sued, consistent with the argument that wrongdoing (through either a timely or non‐timely MW disclosure) provides stronger grounds for establishing scienter. However, timely reporters appear to secure more favorable litigation outcomes: they face higher likelihood of lawsuit dismissals and pay much lower settlements, compared to non‐timely reporters. Overall, our evidence provides new insights into how market participants incorporate information about internal control weaknesses into their perceptions regarding the economic implications of financial restatements, and financial reporting quality.
When the principal knows better than the agent: Subjective evaluations as an optimal disclosure mechanism
Authors: Zhang Mengxi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhen the firm has some private and unverifiable information about an employee’s ability, it can design a subjective evaluation mechanism, whereby payments are tied to evaluations, to communicate such information. In this paper, I investigate how to design an optimal disclosure mechanism for the firm. I characterize the firm’s optimal disclosure policy as a function of the worker’s ability distribution, with the hazard rate function playing a key role. I also demonstrate that with some reasonable restrictions on the ability distribution, the firm’s optimal strategy exhibits a particular pattern: it will reward the best workers aggressively, fire the worst ones, and assign one central rating to the rest. The predictions are consistent with the way firms utilize subjective evaluations in reality.
Effects of ultrasonication and thermal cooking pretreatments on the extractability and quality of cold press extracted rice bran oil
Authors: Phan Van Man , Junyusen Tiraporn , Liplap Pansa , Junyusen Payungsak 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis research investigates the effects of different extraction processes on the extractability and quality of rice bran oil. The extraction processes included hexane extraction (HE) as Control 1, cold press extraction (CE) as Control 2, ultrasonic pre‐treatment combined with cold press extraction (UCE), and thermal cooking combined with cold press extraction (CCE). The results showed that oil extractability was positively correlated to ultrasonic power and duration; and to thermal cooking time. Meanwhile, the oil quality and ultrasonic intensity and thermal cooking period were inversely correlated. Specifically, the oxidative stability, and unsaturated fatty acids of short‐period CCE oil were significantly higher than those of long‐period CCE oil and higher‐power and longer‐duration UCE oil. Similar to HE and CE oils, oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the dominant fatty acids in short‐period CCE oil. Essentially, short‐period CCE is optimal for rice bran oil extraction due to improved oil extractability and quality.Practical applicationsRice bran oil is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids and natural antioxidants. It also has many proven health benefits. There are two conventional production methods of rice bran oil: pressing and solvent extraction. While the pressing method achieves low oil extractability, solvent extraction could deteriorate the oil quality. This research, thus, proposes two chemical‐free extraction techniques for rice bran oil that improves the oil extractability and preserves the oil quality: ultrasonic pretreatment combined with cold press extraction (UCE) and thermal cooking pretreatment combined with cold press extraction (CCE). The findings are expected to offer a possible solution to the extractability‐quality challenges associated with the conventional extraction methods.
Relationship between Functional Improvement and Cognition in Short‐Stay Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Loomer Lacey , Downer Brian , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesImproving function is an important outcome of postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), but cognitive impairment can limit a resident's ability to improve during a postacute care stay. Our objective was to examine the association between residents’ cognitive status on admission and change in self‐care and mobility during a Medicare‐covered SNF stay.DesignRetrospective analysis of Medicare beneficiaries who had a new SNF stay between January and June 2017.SettingSNFs in the United States.ParticipantsNewly admitted residents with Medicare‐covered SNF stays between January and June 2017 (n = 246 395).MeasurementsResidents’ self‐care and mobility at SNF admission and discharge were determined using items from Section GG (eating, oral hygiene, toileting hygiene, sit to lying, lying to sitting, sit to stand, chair/bed transfer, and toilet transfer) of the Minimum Data Set. Residents were classified as cognitively intact, mildly impaired, moderately impaired, or severely impaired, according to the Cognitive Function Scale. Multivariable regression models controlling for residents’ demographic and clinical characteristics and SNF fixed effects were used to identify residents whose discharge scores for self‐care and mobility were better or the same as expected according to their cognitive status on admission.ResultsResidents who were cognitively impaired on admission had lower functional status on admission and were less likely to improve in self‐care and mobility compared with residents who were cognitively intact. Approximately 63% of residents who were cognitively intact had discharge scores for self‐care and mobility that were better or the same as expected compared with 45% of residents with severe cognitive impairment.ConclusionsCognitive impairment is associated with poorer self‐care and mobility function among SNF residents. These findings have important implications for clinicians, who may need additional support when caring for residents with cognitive impairment to make the same improvements in functional status as residents who are cognitively intact. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:553–557, 2019.
Dissemination of the CAPABLE Model of Care in a Medicaid Waiver Program to Improve Physical Function
Authors: Spoelstra Sandra L. , Sikorskii Alla , Gitlin Laura N. , Schueller Monica , Kline Margaret , Szanton Sarah L. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESOf older adults, 42% report problems with daily function, and physical function is the most important consideration for aging individuals. Thus, we implemented a model of care focused on improving physical function and examined health and use outcomes and satisfaction.DESIGNA 3‐year participatory, single‐group pretrial/posttrial benchmarked to a usual care cohort that was evaluated prior to the study.SETTINGFour Medicaid home and community‐based waiver sites in Michigan.PARTICIPANTSThe participants included 34 clinicians and 270 Medicaid beneficiaries 50 years and older.INTERVENTIONCommunity Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE), an evidence‐based model of care that improved physical function in older adults, was implemented using evidence‐based strategies.MEASUREMENTCharacteristics (age, race, and sex), health outcomes (comorbidities, instrumental/activities of daily living [I/ADLs], pain, depression, and falls), and emergency department and hospitalization visits preintervention/postintervention and in the usual care cohort were examined. We also measured Medicaid beneficiary's satisfaction with care for those who received CAPABLE.RESULTSImproved mean ± SD ADLs (preintervention, 8.51 ± 3.08; postintervention, 7.80 ± 2.86; P = .01) and IADLs (preintervention, 6.43 ± 1.31; postintervention, 5.62 ± 1.09; P < .01), a decrease in falls by 14% (from 34.8% preintervention to 20.8% postintervention; P < .01), and fewer hospitalizations (from 0.43 ± 1.51 preintervention to 0.23 ± 0.60 postintervention; P = .03) were found. Post‐CAPABLE means were significantly better compared with a usual care cohort for IADLs (6.73 ± 1.27; P < .01) and hospitalizations (0.47 ± 2.66; P < .01). Satisfaction with care was high, and 98.1% recommended CAPABLE as a way to help remain living in the community.CONCLUSIONImproved ADLs and IADLs, a reduction in fall rates, fewer hospitalizations, and high satisfaction with care occurred in this population as a result of the use of CAPABLE. CAPABLE may be one solution to helping vulnerable, low‐income older adults with poor physical function to remain living in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:363–370, 2019.
Stockholders’ Unrealized Returns and the Market Reaction to Financial Disclosures
Authors: WEISBROD ERIC 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTUsing both investor‐ and stock‐level data, I examine the relation between stockholders’ unrealized returns since purchase and the market response to earnings announcements. I demonstrate that stockholders’ unrealized gain/loss position moderates their trading behavior in response to earnings announcements. I also find that this behavior generates a short‐window return underreaction to earnings news. My results are generally consistent with predictions from prospect theory regarding the manner in which stockholders’ unrealized returns moderate their trading response to belief shocks. However, my results also suggest that an emotional component (i.e., regret‐avoidance/pride‐seeking) is necessary to explain the observed investor behavior.
Effect of Thermomechanical and Static Loading on the Load to Fracture of Metal‐Ceramic, Monolithic, and Veneered Zirconia Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Tobar Celia , Sola‐Ruiz Maria Fernanda , Pelaez Jesus , Suarez Maria J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of static (not preloaded) and thermomechanical loading on the load to fracture of metal‐ceramic, monolithic and veneered zirconia computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Materials and MethodsOne hundred standardized specimens with 2 abutments screwed onto a platform were prepared from stainless steel to receive a posterior 3‐unit FPD with an intermediate pontic. Specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 20): Metal‐ceramic (control group), Lava Zirconia system, Vita In‐Ceram YZ, IPS e.max ZirCAD, and Lava Plus. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 10) underwent no preloading, and the other half were subjected to thermomechanical loading in a masticatory simulator, and then all FPDs were loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The load to fracture of the veneering ceramic and the load to fracture of framework (total fracture) were recorded for each specimen. Data were statistically analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD post‐hoc test, Student's t test, and Weibull statistics, α = 0.05.ResultsSignificant differences were recorded between the metal‐ceramic and veneered zirconia groups for the veneering ceramic load (p < 0.001; f = 36.62; f = 57.76) in no preloading and thermomechanical loading subgroups, respectively, but no differences were observed between the static and thermomechanical loading conditions. No differences were observed among the veneered zirconia groups. For the total load to fracture, significant differences were observed according to the material (p < 0.001; f = 500.8), between the metal‐ceramic and Lava Plus group and the other zirconia groups in no preloading subgroup, and between metal‐ceramic and the other groups (p < 0.001; f = 303.33) in thermomechanical loading subgroup. For the type of preloading, significant differences were observed (p = 0.02; f = 5.24) between the Lava Plus group and the other groups. Thermomechanical loading significantly decreased the fracture load of the Lava Plus group (p = 0.005). The Weibull statistics corroborated the results.ConclusionsMonolithic zirconia restorations provided the highest load to fracture values among the zirconia groups tested; however, the results indicate that they must be used in the oral environment with caution, because their load to fracture was influenced by the aging simulation.
Pollution effects on preferences: A unified approach
Authors: Bosi Stefano , Desmarchelier David , Ragot Lionel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a unified Ramsey model where pollution has an impact on preferences and affects both consumption demand and labor supply. Pollution comes from production activities and is viewed as a stock variable with a strong inertia. A government is introduced and levies a proportional tax on production to finance depollution expenditure. We find two interesting results when pollution raises the consumption demand (compensation effect). First, in the long run, a higher green‐tax rate increases the pollution level at the steady state (green paradox) when pollution raises the labor supply (disenchantment effect). Second, in the short run, local indeterminacy can arise through a Hopf bifurcation when pollution lowers the labor supply (leisure effect) even if pollution has a strong inertia.
Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome related to nocturia?
Authors: Arslan Burak , Gezmis Cem T. , Çetin Buğra , Gönültas Serkan , Gökmen Ersin , Gürkan Okan , Ozdemir Enver 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThis multicenter study was performed on 122 male patients with dyspnea and/or sleep disorder. Patient characteristics were recorded. All patients underwent full‐night polysomnography, and the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated. LUTS were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and prostate volume was calculated by transabdominal ultrasonography. Based on the AHI, patients were classified as normal or as having mild, moderate, or severe OSAS. Regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictive factors associated with nocturia.ResultsSevere, moderate, and mild OSAS was present in 53, nine, and 46 patients, respectively, where 14 patients with dyspnea and sleep disorder were classified as normal. There were no significant differences between the severe and mild OSAS groups with regard to age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking history, fluid intake, and serum creatinine and glucose concentrations. However, there was a significant difference between two groups in AHI (P < 0.001), nocturia (P < 0.001), and nocturnal voided volume (P = 0.011). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that age, smoking history, and an AHI >15 were independent predictors of nocturia.ConclusionsSleep disorders are thought to be one reason for nocturia and nocturnal polyuria. Thus, OSAS must be considered in BPH patients who predominantly have storage symptoms.
Transitional impact craters on the Moon: Insight into the effect of target lithology on the impact cratering process
Authors: Osinski Gordon R. , Silber Elizabeth A. , Clayton Jacqueline , Grieve Richard A. F. , Hansen Kayle , Johnson Catherine L. , Kalynn Jessica , Tornabene Livio L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe studied a data set of 28 well‐preserved lunar craters in the transitional (simple‐to‐complex) regime with the aim of investigating the underlying cause(s) for morphological differences of these craters in mare versus highland terrains. These transitional craters range from 15 to 42 km in diameter, demonstrating that the transition from simple to complex craters is not abrupt and occurs over a broad diameter range. We examined and measured the following crater attributes: depth (d), diameter (D), floor diameter (Df), rim height (h), and wall width (w), as well as the number and onset of terraces and rock slides. The number of terraces increases with increasing crater size and, in general, mare craters possess more terraces than highland craters of the same diameter. There are also clear differences in the d/D ratio of mare versus highland craters, with transitional craters in mare targets being noticeably shallower than similarly sized highland craters. We propose that layering in mare targets is a major driver for these differences. Layering provides pre‐existing planes of weakness that facilitate crater collapse, thus explaining the overall shallower depths of mare craters and the onset of crater collapse (i.e., the transition from simple to complex crater morphology) at smaller diameters as compared to highland craters. This suggests that layering and its interplay with target strength and porosity may play a more significant role than previously considered.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves myocardial conduction
Authors: Yang Mei , Li Xuping , Yang Dachun , Li Yigang , Zhou Shenghua , Liang Jinjun , Wu Gang , Del‐Carpio Munoz Freddy , Chen Horng H. , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reverses left ventricular remodeling and improves left ventricular systolic function. However, little is known about whether CRT improves ventricular conduction.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between CRT response and QRS narrowing.MethodsThe study included consecutive patients who underwent CRT with defibrillator (CRT‐D) implantation between January 2002 and December 2012 and had subsequent generator replacement (GR). At the time of GR, super‐responder was defined as those who had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% or more; patients who had an LVEF of 36–49% with an increase of more than 5% were considered responders, and the others were nonresponders. All patients were assessed 6 months after CRT‐D implantation and at the time of GR.ResultsOf 114 study patients, 58 (50.9%) were nonresponders, 29 (25.4%) responders, and 27 (23.7%) super‐responders. QRS narrowing at 6 months was significant in super‐responders (175.4 ± 21.4 to 159.7 ± 20.7 ms, P = 0.001) and responders (169.0 ± 21.3 to 157.7 ± 17.6 ms, P = 0.008). At time of GR, only super‐responders had further QRS narrowing (159.7 ± 20.7 to 146.3 ± 19.2 ms, P < 0.001). QRS duration change after 6 months was independently associated with super‐response (hazard ratio: 1.20 for every 5 ms QRS duration narrowing; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.38; P = 0.005), and QRS narrowing of 10 ms or more was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality after GR.ConclusionContinuous QRS narrowing after CRT, as an electrical marker, is associated with a super‐response to CRT. Further QRS narrowing 6 months after CRT implantation was associated with lower risk of mortality after GR.
The first Ironomyiidae from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber provides insights into the phylogeny of Phoroidea (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha)
Authors: Li Xuankun , Yeates David K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMacalpinomyia jiewenae gen. et sp.n. is described from the mid‐Cretaceous (∼99 Ma) amber of Myanmar. Macalpinomyia jiewenae is the first Oriental representative of the enigmatic family Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoroidea), currently known from a single extant genus restricted to southeastern Australia, plus a monotypic genus from Canadian amber and three controversial genera based on impression fossils from China, Mongolia and Russia. A phylogenetic analysis of all Phoroidea families, including all ironomyiid extant and extinct genera, corroborates the monophyly of Ironomyiidae, and Macalpinomyia gen.n. is assigned to the subfamily Sinolestinae. Cretonomyiinae subfam.n., is erected to accommodate the basal lineage of Ironomyiidae. Lebambromyia acrai Grimaldi & Cumming, previously placed in Ironomyiidae, is supported as an early branching lineage of Platypezidae. Our topology proposes that Ironomyiidae is sister to the remaining Phoroidea. The phylogenetic results, in combination with the fossil ages and relevant molecular divergence time analysis, suggests that Ironomyiidae probably originated at least in the Berriasian of the Early Cretaceous (∼140 Ma).This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5DFFC944‐1350‐418E‐BCDC‐BB87FC013D5D.
Public Interest Payments and Bond Yields: A Panel Data Estimation for the Eurozone
Authors: Afflatet Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

Governments with high public debt risk that investors raise doubts about their ability to repay their debt since interest payments constitute an increasing share of public budgets. High interest payments may then fuel bond yields on secondary markets and subsequently lead to rising refinancing costs. This could precipitate a self-fulfilling prophecy according to which investors’ doubts about a default make the default more probable. Although there already are extensive research results on determinants of bond yields, the role of governments’ interest payments has not been duly taken into account. This paper tests whether the size of public interest payments had an influence on government bond yields during the European debt crisis. There seems to be indeed evidence that higher interest quotas and increasing interest-growth differentials entail higher bond yields.