bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical change is the only constant
Authors: Vindenes Urd , Eiesland Eli Anne , Laake Signe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we look at how language change is presented in two commonly used textbooks for Norwegian lower secondary school. Through thematic content analysis, we look at how linguistic change is presented as opposed to purely synchronic descriptions, as well as how linguistic changes are exemplified. We also look at which language periods are emphasized and how they are discussed. Our findings show that the textbooks mostly discuss languages as static systems and underemphasize how and why languages change. The changes that are presented are overwhelmingly lexical, while phonological, morphological, and syntactic changes are rarely mentioned. The explanations for change provided by the textbooks are mostly external to the linguistic system, such as language contact and politics. Lastly, the descriptions of language tend to be graphocentric. We discuss how this might contribute to a static and normative view of language among students.
Optimisation of plasma processes for decontamination of bacterial contaminants on polymeric food packaging materials
Authors: Maccaferri Caterina , Tomelleri Francesco , Gherardi Matteo , Laurita Romolo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Foodborne diseases present a global health challenge, with over 420 000 deaths annually. Packaging plays a vital role in food safety but can introduce hazards if contaminated. Traditional decontamination methods are energy-intensive or leave toxic residues. Cold plasma technology offers promising solutions for generating antimicrobial reactive species. This study optimises a plasma system for packaging decontamination, achieving high inactivation rates for Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive) and Acinetobacter baumannii (gram-negative), respectively 3.5 and 4.7. Statistical analysis guide process optimisation, highlighting factors enhancing biocidal action: treatment chamber size reduction, high duty cycle, and mist injection. The system proves effective against both kinds of bacteria, with gram-negative bacteria showing higher sensitivity. The study focuses on optimising an innovative process, emphasising the process towards industrialisation and highlighting economic and environmental benefits. This investigation’s innovative approach aims to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and industrial applications.
A fuzzy control based strategy for adjusting band blade feed rate in constant power sawing
Authors: Chen Bing , Yang Wenzhang , Liu Zihao , Fu Jiahao , Liu Guoyue , Li Dongliang , Jia Yuzhen , Wu Jigang , Cheng Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The variable cross-sectional shape of the blank reduces the efficiency of the sawing machine. Additionally, the wear of the band saw blade causes a mismatch between the feed rate and the load, further exacerbating the wear. This study studied a feed rate control strategy considering sawtooth wear to balance the relationship between cutting efficiency and band life. Initially, speed parameters for the cut-in and cut-out areas, along with acceleration and deceleration control algorithms, were established to ensure the smooth transition of the saw blade during the machining process. Additionally, a constant power sawing feed rate model that considers the influence of wear was developed, enabling dynamic adjustments to the feed rate based on the saw blade’s wear state. This study also proposes a fuzzy control-based target current correction method, which dynamically adjusts the target current according to the current wear state of the saw blade, ensuring that sawing requirements were met under varying levels of wear. The accuracy of the sawing model and control strategy was verified through experiments. The results demonstrated that this strategy improved efficiency by 44% compared to the traditional uniform feed rate method. This study introduced a novel feed rate control strategy for sawing and offers an effective solution to the problem of saw tooth wear.
TMAA-net: tensor-domain multi-planal anti-aliasing network for sparse-view CT image reconstruction
Authors: Yun Sungho , Lee Seoyoung , Choi Da-in , Lee Taewon , Cho Seungryong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Among various deep-network-based sparse-view CT image reconstruction studies, the sinogram upscaling network has been predominantly employed to synthesize additional view information. However, the performance of the sinogram-based network is limited in terms of removing aliasing streak artifacts and recovering low-contrast small structures. In this study, we used a view-by-view back-projection (VVBP) tensor-domain network to overcome such limitations of the sinogram-based approaches. Approach. The proposed method offers advantages of addressing the aliasing artifacts directly in the 3D tensor domain over the 2D sinogram. In the tensor-domain network, the multi-planal anti-aliasing modules were used to remove artifacts within the coronal and sagittal tensor planes. In addition, the data-fidelity-based refinement module was also implemented to successively process output images of the tensor network to recover image sharpness and textures. Main result. The proposed method showed outperformance in terms of removing aliasing artifacts and recovering low-contrast details compared to other state-of-the-art sinogram-based networks. The performance was validated for both numerical and clinical projection data in a circular fan-beam CT configuration. Significance. We observed that view-by-view aliasing artifacts in sparse-view CT exhibit distinct patterns within the tensor planes, making them effectively removable in high-dimensional representations. Additionally, we demonstrated that the co-domain characteristics of tensor space processing offer higher generalization performance for aliasing artifact removal compared to conventional sinogram-domain processing.
Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) as a flexible capacitor: an experimental study
Authors: Napollion Liya , Kim Kwang J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, significant research has been directed towards the development of energy storage devices that are thin, lightweight, and flexible, catering to the diverse demands of modern smart electronics. This study investigates the remarkable adaptability of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) capacitors when subjected to bending conditions. Under investigation was the capacitor’s functionality within a broad spectrum of bending angles, ranging from 0

∘

to 100

∘

. The study aims to reveal the capacitor’s response and stability across this expansive curvature range, providing insights into its potential applications in flexible and dynamic systems. The flexibility of the supercapacitor allows it to bend or fold up to

180
∘

without experiencing permanent mechanical deformation. The calculated specific capacitance values obtained by bending the cell at angles of 0, 40, 70, and 100

∘

are found to be 4.3, 6.4, 8.2, and 8.4 mF g−1 respectively. The result displayed the IPMC capacitor exhibited notable resilience under varying bending angles, affirming its capacity to maintain operational integrity despite significant mechanical stress. Through a systematic exploration of bending conditions, this research unveils the capacitor’s ability to flexibly conform to various bending angles. This adaptability is particularly significant for applications where traditional rigid capacitors may be impractical or inefficient.
Research on the Positioning and Tracking Technology of Surgical Instruments Based on Laser Localization
Authors: Chen Weirong , Liu Baolong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Addressing the complexities and low accuracy of traditional surgical instrument positioning processes, a low-cost, high-precision surgical instrument tracking and positioning strategy is proposed. By integrating the VR laser positioning system, Lighthouse, with oral medicine, the positioning process and principles of the system are elucidated. Based on the initial system calibration, static positioning accuracy tests were conducted, and the positioning and tracking of the surgical instrument endpoints were achieved through the least squares method. Experimental results demonstrate that both static and dynamic positioning errors of the system are less than 0.3mm, meeting the requirements of oral surgical navigation.
The Deconstitutionalization of European Union Fundamental Rights in the United Kingdom
Authors: O'Connor Niall 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to assess the consequences of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) for the ongoing value of competing EU-derived economic freedoms and fundamental social rights within that country’s domestic legal order. It will be shown that Union fundamental rights concepts have an ongoing—albeit indirect—influence both within domestic law but also through those legal arrangements governing the United Kingdom’s departure from—and new relationship with—the European Union. Brexit also provides an avenue for exploring the ‘deconstitutionalization’ of Union fundamental rights, including the potentially differing consequences for the embedding of economic freedoms and fundamental social rights within domestic employment law. It is further suggested that the European Union’s reaction to Brexit included a recommitment to the protection of social rights within the Union legal order.
Mere Machinery
Authors: Funk Kellen R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter chronicles the advent of the Field Code of Procedure, first enacted in 1848 in New York. Often claimed a prize for Jacksonian Democracy, the code actually relied on a Whig coalition to succeed politically. During the few years of Whig ascendance in New York, reformers developed a practical theory of law that would become a mainstay of American jurisprudence. In this theory, the Anglo-American tradition of pleading writs and remedies was recast as “civil procedure,” a benign field of regulation that left the real, substantive law undisturbed while simply instructing the courts how to administer the law. In a favorite metaphor of the industrial age, procedure provided the “machinery of the law,” but only the machinery. Codification could thus tinker with and improve the machine without capturing or interfering with the supposedly more fundamental matters of law that had to remain outside or beyond legislative politics. Controversial and contested both then and afterward, the machinery idea was assisted by reforms that helped facilitate merchant credit and so secured an uneasy compromise that spurred the code’s acceptance in New York.
The Code American
Authors: Funk Kellen R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the eventual retrenchment of code practice within American legal institutions, starting with the ascension of David Dudley Field to the presidency of the American Bar Association (ABA) in the late 1880s. Fifty years elapsed between the ABA’s call for a “code of procedure for the Union” and the enactment of the 1938 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The project of federal codification outlived Field and his Jacksonian colleagues and was carried out by a new generation of codifiers and proceduralists trained in Field’s system. For that to happen, the Field Code had to win its way in the law schools and the educational regimens of young lawyers trained to view procedure as machinery and codification as modern technology. This chapter recounts how, although the task took far longer than Field envisioned, his code eventually marched through the institutions of treatise literature, law school education, and finally federal legislation to entrench the power and prestige of lawyers in American society.
The Swearer’s Prayer
Authors: Funk Kellen R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the Field Code’s prescriptions for testimonial oaths and its extension of oathtaking to all pleadings. In the same era that mainstream American evangelicals questioned whether a gentle God could damn souls to hell, Field’s procedure code sought to sunder any remaining connection between the legal system and Christian ideas of perdition by relocating the obligations of truth-telling entirely within a temporal legal system. Under the code, perjury prosecutions and especially the skillful cross-examination of counsel were thought to sufficiently deter and detect falsehood without further reliance on theology. But history did not unfold as neatly as the codifiers expected; instead of replacing oaths, the codes exponentially multiplied them, dramatically increasing the legal system’s reliance on swearing. Although the theological ground underlying the oath shifted over time, many American lawyers remained committed to the notion that some threat of divine displeasure was required to make the oath do its work. Instead of spurring a secular rationalization of evidence law, the codifiers’ uptake of racial science convinced them of the limits of forensic investigation. Concerned that racialized minorities could not be forced by temporal penalties into testifying truthfully, code lawyers ultimately refused to consign threats of perdition to a premodern legal past.
Comparative Effectiveness of Ozanimod and Vedolizumab as First-Line Advanced Therapies in Ulcerative Colitis: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S , Khataniar Himsikhar , Hashash Jana G , Tabaku Fjona , Regueiro Miguel , Farraye Francis A , Desai Aakash 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is limited real-world evidence comparing the effectiveness of ozanimod to vedolizumab as first-line advanced therapies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, a multi-institutional US database in adults with UC who were initiated on ozanimod compared to vedolizumab between January 1, 2021 and 22 June, 2024. The primary outcome was to compare the risk of a composite outcome of corticosteroid use, colectomy, or change to another advanced therapy between the 2 cohorts within 12 months. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for demographics, comorbid conditions, disease extent, laboratory parameters, and previous corticosteroid use. The risk was expressed as an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% CIs.

Results
We identified 222 patients in the ozanimod cohort (mean age 41.2 ± 15.7, 46.3% male sex, 68% White, and 22.5% ulcerative proctitis), and 4145 patients in the vedolizumab cohort (mean age 47.4 ± 18.3, 45.2% male sex, 69.7% White, and 17.2% ulcerative proctitis). After PSM, there was no significant difference in the risk of the composite outcome (aOR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.63-1.36) and corticosteroid use (aOR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.53-1.18) between the 2 cohorts within 12 months. There was a higher risk of change in therapy in the ozanimod cohort (aOR 1.95, 95% CI, 1.09-3.49) compared to the vedolizumab cohort. Colectomy rates were low in both cohorts (&lt;0.04%).

Conclusions
Our real-world study showed that ozanimod use is associated with similar corticosteroid use but higher odds of a change in therapy compared to vedolizumab when used as first-line therapy in patients with UC. Further prospective studies are needed to understand long-term outcomes.
The modern spiritual affect of perplexed affirmation, or, the David Hume of R. S. Thomas
Authors: Wickman Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Long known as a poet of divine silence and Holy Saturday, R. S. Thomas is also a laureate of a modern spiritual affect we may describe as perplexed affirmation. In this state, one has difficulty inhabiting, of being fully present to, an experience of the sacred, an experience of God. In some ways, perplexed affirmation seems to be a product of cultural shifts toward what is spiritual but not religious. Here, openness toward possibilities of sacred encounter finds itself increasingly bereft of theological and liturgical systems that might mediate and at least partly explain experiences of particular intensity. Thomas frequently enacts such states of perplexed affirmation in his poetry. In this essay, I explore how this affect derives partly from Thomas’s reckoning with David Hume. Thomas names Hume in a handful of poems as a figure who complicates and perhaps destroys a traditional vision of the world. But if Hume complicates thought, including theology, he empowers experience. For Thomas, this means that Hume demarcates modern limits the poet implicitly surpasses through faith, or through experiences of the sacred he can no longer fully conceptualize. This dialectic evokes an expansive and counterintuitive vision of spiritual experience that figures in some of Thomas’s most famous religious poems.
A Nomogram for Predicting Late-Onset Neurological Deficits in the Natural Course of Kyphosis or Kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Ni Jiajun , Yan Shi , Li Yangxiao , Chen Zhongqiang , Zeng Yan 
Published: October 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective single-center comparative analysis.

Objective.
To develop a nomogram model for predicting late-onset neurological deficits (LONDs) in patients with kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis.

Summary of Background Data.
Patients with kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis might suffer from LONDs, and surgical correction may improve neurological function. Nevertheless, there exists a significant gap in the identification of predictive factors for LONDs in these patients.

Methods.
A consecutive series of 244 patients with kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis who underwent corrective surgery between April 2010 and June 2024 were included in our study. Relevant measurements, including the Cobb angle, deformity angular ratio (DAR), and level of the apex were assessed and calculated using X-ray imaging. Spinal cord morphology at the apex of the major curve was evaluated using preoperative axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to categorize patients into three types based on the spinal cord shape classification system (SCSCS). To identify independent risk factors associated with LONDs, we employed univariate analysis followed by backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was established based on the identified independent risk factors to predict the likelihood of LONDs in patients with kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis.

Results.
The mean age of the 244 patients was 46.4±17.8 years, with an observed incidence of LONDs at 57.8%. The backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, etiological diagnosis and SCSCS were independent predictors of LONDs. Utilizing these independent risk factors, we constructed a nomogram model to estimate the probability of LONDs. The concordance index (C-index) of the model was 0.912 (95% CI, 0.876–0.947), indicating a satisfactory level of accuracy in predicting the likelihood of LONDs.

Conclusion.
The predictive factors for LONDs include age, etiological diagnosis and SCSCS. We developed a nomogram model to predict LONDs, which could be useful for patient counseling and facilitating treatment-related decision-making.
Regenerative Skincare Technologies Derived From Human Fibroblasts: Growth Factors and Exosomes for Transformative Outcomes
Authors: Cheng Tsing , Naughton Gail K. , Makino Elizabeth T. , Kadoya Kuniko , Maitra Prithwiraj 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Since the early 2000s, human fibroblast conditioned media (HFCM) has been used in topical growth factor skincare to support skin regeneration and skin rejuvenation. Human fibroblast conditioned media contains the fibroblast secretome including growth factors as well as exosomes. The potential benefits of topically applied exosomes are gaining interest in the medical aesthetic field.

OBJECTIVE
This article aims to summarize the preclinical and clinical data available on regenerative HFCM-based topical skincare with a focus on studies investigating products applied to improve overall facial skin rejuvenation and/or after in-office cosmetic procedures. In addition, available data on fibroblast-derived exosomes will be covered.

METHODS
A focused literature review was conducted to provide an overview of evidence on HFCM-based topical skincare.

RESULTS
Human fibroblast conditioned media–based skincare significantly reduces signs of skin aging including photodamage, coarse lines and wrinkles, and sagging. After in-office cosmetic procedures, HFCM-based skincare can stimulate skin recovery and reduce downtime as well as provide skin quality benefits to enhance overall treatment outcomes. Application of purified exosomes from HFCM also demonstrated significant improvements in multiple skin aging parameters.

CONCLUSION
Human fibroblast conditioned media combines naturally secreted fibroblast-derived growth factors and exosomes that stimulate skin regeneration and rejuvenation as evidenced by a variety of assays and assessments including in vitro preclinical studies, clinical investigator grading, instrumentation measurements, biopsy analyses, and patient-reported outcomes.
A Forecast of the HIV Clinician Workforce Need in the United States: Results of a Quantitative National Survey
Authors: Norberg Andrea , Nelson John , Lin Haiqun , Lazo Elizabeth , Stanislaus Dominic , Chu Carolyn , Bolduc Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is a decreasing HIV care workforce in the United States, whereas the need for HIV care and prevention continues to increase. To better understand this issue, a quantitative, anonymous, one-time, self-administered survey was conducted. The survey was completed by 1,004 prescribing clinicians currently providing HIV-related health care. Clinicians of younger age and Black race, advanced practice registered nurses, and family medicine physicians were more likely to report continuing with the same number of patients or increasing the number of patients in their HIV practice in the next 5 years. The need for more prescribing HIV care clinicians is paramount because 17.8% reported plans to stop HIV clinical care wholly or to decrease the number of people living with HIV in their practice over the next 5 years. The most common reasons for leaving include retirement, administrative burden, and burnout.
Return to Sport After Conservative Management of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Professional Jockeys
Authors: Fahy Stephen , Ó Doinn Tiarnán , Pugh Jennifer , Kenny Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
This study explores the functional recovery and rates return to play (RTP) of professional jockeys following midshaft clavicle fractures, which have been managed conservatively. The high incidence of these fractures in horse racing underscores the importance of evaluating nonsurgical recovery paths for effective RTP.

Design:
We used a retrospective cohort study to assess treatment outcomes.

Setting:
The research is set in the professional horse racing scene of Ireland.

Participants:
Sixteen professional Irish jockeys with conservatively managed midshaft clavicular fractures were examined. Jockeys who underwent surgery or were inactive at injury time were excluded.

Interventions:
The study involved no direct interventions.

Main Outcome Measures:
Recovery was assessed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, alongside racing records to track RTP.

Results:
The all-male cohort had an average age of 27 years. Results showed an average 67.1-day absence from racing, with 94% returning to preinjury competition levels. Complications were minimal, and patient outcomes were positive, as indicated by a mean QuickDASH score of 2.58, suggesting minimal residual disability.

Conclusions:
Findings highlight the success of conservative management for midshaft clavicle fractures in professional jockeys, enabling them to return to prior competitive levels with few complications and excellent functional recovery.