bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Simple Step Test With Readiness for Exercise in Youth After Concussion
Authors: Fyffe Andrew , Bogg Tina , Orr Rhonda , Browne Gary J. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:We hypothesized that a submaximal step test would be associated with readiness to commence graded exercise in children and adolescents with concussion.Methods:Children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years performed standard concussion clinical assessment for vestibular/ocular and balance impairment, and exercise examination utilizing the 3-minute Kasch Pulse Recovery test (KPR) and a symptom-limited graded exercise test (GXT). Outcome measures included activity readiness and symptom exacerbation.Results:Forty-five participants (mean age 13.2 ± 2.1 years, 76% male) had a confirmed concussion (73% sports-related). Some participants required follow-up testing giving 75 clinical presentations. Sensitivity and specificity of the KPR were 100% and 95.7%, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.979. Activity readiness to GXT and KPR was strongly associated (χ2= 21.672,P< .001), while symptom exacerbation showed a significant correlation between testing methods (r= 0.796,P< .001). Better exercise performance on GXT and KPR was significantly correlated with normal Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (rs= −0.380,P= .010, andrs= −0.281,P= .017, respectively) and Modified Balance Error Scoring System (rs= −0.452,P< .001, andrs= −0.301,P= .010, respectively).Conclusion:The KPR is a simple and practical tool to determine whether it is appropriate for a child or adolescent with concussion to commence graded exercise.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Outcomes of 3 Types of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Galang Heather , Hubbard-Wright Chandra , Hahn Donna S. , Yost Gina , Yoder Laura , Maduro Ralitsa S. , Morgan Merri K. , Zimbro Kathie S. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
There was an increase in peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) complications and adverse patient events after product conversion during the merger between a rural hospital and a larger hospital system. A review of the existing literature identified a gap in evidence evaluating 2 closed PIVC systems compared with an open PIVC system.

Purpose:
The purpose of the current project was to ascertain whether open or closed PIVCs are best for patients, staff, and the health care system in terms of 3 main criteria: quality, safety, and cost.

Methods:
A prospective, 2-site randomized controlled trial was used to compare outcomes.

Results:
There were no differences in the complication rates between catheter types. There was a statistically significant increase in blood leakage and a decrease in clinician satisfaction with the open-system catheter.

Conclusions:
Our project supports current clinical recommendation that a closed PIVC system, regardless of type, is not only safer and cost-effective but also preferred by patients and clinicians.
Integrating Safe Patient Handling and Early Mobility
Authors: Wyatt Susan , Meacci Katie , Arnold Margaret 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Safe Patient Handling and Mobility (SPHM) programs reduce staff injuries from lifting and repositioning patients. Early Mobility programs improve many patient-centered outcomes. Reframing SPHM equipment as mobilization tools can help safely mobilize hospitalized patients to their highest abilities.

Problem:
Combining SPHM and Early Mobility programs is logical, but to date, no one has articulated the process of integration.

Intervention:
A quality improvement process was developed at the Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System to integrate an Early Exercise and Progressive Mobility initiative in the intensive care unit into an ongoing SPHM program using the Iowa Model for Evidence-Based Implementation.

Results:
Integration of these programs was possible through extensive collaboration between stakeholders throughout planning, implementation, and refinement phases. Interdisciplinary Early Exercise and Progressive Mobility simulation training, standardized assessment, communication of patient status, and appropriate equipment use facilitated staff confidence to safely mobilize patients.

Conclusions:
Successful integration of Early Exercise and Progressive Mobility and SPHM was achieved at the Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
Delineation of the Nursing Supervisor Role
Authors: Glasofer Amy , Bertino Lapinsky Anne 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of nursing supervisors and their work.

BACKGROUND
The role of the nursing supervisor is not well understood. The supervisor population is poorly defined, as are their ideal academic preparation and work activities.

METHODS
This study followed the American Nurses Credentialing Center® framework for role delineation studies. A convenience sample of 50 nursing supervisors from New Jersey was recruited to complete an online survey including demographic data and prioritization of work activities.

RESULTS
Participants represented a homogeneous and aging workforce with diverse professional preparation. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 categories of nurse supervisor work including administrative presence, leadership liaison, patient safety and experience, patient care advocacy, throughput, and external response. Work activities were prioritized.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurse supervisors prioritized responding to emergencies above all other responsibilities. This study should be replicated in a nationwide sample of nurse supervisors.
Imaging Characteristics of Coexisting Primary Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor and Multiple Myeloma on 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 69-year-old man with recurrent multiple myeloma underwent FDG PET/CT evaluation. A pulmonary nodule without higher-than-background FDG avidity was later biopsied as a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor. On further 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT evaluation of patient’s neuroendocrine tumor, the lytic myeloma lesions revealed only mild DOTATATE avidity while the primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor showed intense DOTATATE uptake. The distinct imaging characteristics of different primary malignancies correlated with their underlying different pathology.
Vascular Parkinsonism by Infarctions at Different Locations on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT
Authors: Kim Chanwoo , Kim Deog Yoon , Hong Il Ki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cerebral vascular lesions are integral to the diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism (VP). The VP, also referred to as lower body parkinsonism, is frequently caused by subcortical white matter lesions, but lesions at any levels of the nigro-striato-thalamo-cortical pathway can also cause VP, thus giving rise to various symptoms other than gait disturbance. Previous dopamine transporter imaging studies using SPECT showed heterogeneous patterns suggesting diverse contributing lesions to VP. Here we present 3 cases of VP demonstrated by 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT, visualizing vascular lesions at different levels between the midbrain and motor cortex. Distinctive clinical manifestations of them recapitulate the pathogenesis of VP.
Cutaneous Bone Formation Associated With Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Erinanc Hilal , Turk Emin 
Published: July 2019

Aim:
Cutaneous bone formation is an uncommon lesion of the skin. It may be primary or secondary. Secondary lesions are mostly associated with melanocytic nevi. Although many different theories have been proposed to explain the etiology, extraskeletal bone formation is complex and poorly understood phenomenon.
Here the authors report a series of melanocytic nevi with cutaneous bone formation and the authors described morphologic and clinicopathologic features such as age, sex, location, focus number and size of the lesion.

Material and Method:
Through a single center, this retrospective study presents total number of 20 patients with melanocytic nevus with or without osseous metaplasia. Histologic and clinicopathologic features such as age, sex, location, focus, and size of lesion were compared.

Results:
Lesions were identified in 10 female patients. All of the cases were seen in the head and neck region such as face, forehead, eyebrow, lip, and neck and most of them were solitary. The nevi were usually associated with the single focus of ossification. Most of patients (50%) had acne symptoms and treatment anamnesis. Granulomatous dermal inflammation was seen in 2 patients. There was no difference in nevus morphology and the size of the nevi between the osteonevi and the other types of nevi.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study revealed that although it is rare it has distinctive features such as female patients, face location, and acne anamnesis. Therefore it may be speculated that the osteogenic factors may be involved with inflammatory-induced metaplastic ossification and tend to be related female sex.
Cardiac Glucose and Fatty Acid Transport After Experimental Mono- and Polytrauma
Authors: Lackner Ina , Weber Birte , Knecht Deborah , Horst Klemens , Relja Borna , Gebhard Florian , Pape Hans-Christoph , Huber-Lang Markus , Hildebrand Frank , Kalbitz Miriam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this study was to define the influence of trauma on cardiac glucose and fatty acid transport. The effects were investigated in vivo in a porcine mono- and polytrauma model and in vitro in human cardiomyocytes, which were treated simultaneously with different inflammatory substances, mimicking posttraumatic inflammatory conditions.

Methods and Results:
In the porcine fracture- and polytrauma model, blood glucose concentrations were measured by blood gas analysis during an observation period of 72 h. The expression of cardiac glucose and fatty acid transporters in the left ventricle was determined by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Cardiac and hepatic glycogen storage was examined. Furthermore, human cardiomyocytes were exposed to a defined trauma-cocktail and the expression levels of glucose- and fatty acid transporters were determined. Early after polytrauma, hyperglycemia was observed. After 48 and 72 h, pigs with fracture- and polytrauma developed hypoglycemia. The propofol demand significantly increased posttrauma. The hepatic glycogen concentration was reduced 72 h after trauma. Cardiac glucose and fatty acid transporters changed in both trauma models in vivo as well as in vitro in human cardiomyocytes in presence of proinflammatory mediators.

Conclusions:
Monotrauma as well as polytrauma changed the cardiac energy transport by altering the expression of glucose and fatty acid transporters. In vitro data suggest that human cardiomyocytes shift to a state alike myocardial hibernation preferring glucose as primary energy source to maintain cardiac function.
Breathlessness and the brain: the role of expectation
Authors: Marlow Lucy L. , Faull Olivia K. , Finnegan Sarah L. , Pattinson Kyle T.S. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of reviewBreathlessness debilitates countless people with a wide range of common diseases. For some people, the experience of breathlessness is poorly explained by the findings of medical tests. This disparity complicates diagnostic and treatment options and means that disease-modifying treatments do not always have the expected effect upon symptoms. These observations suggest that brain processing of respiratory perceptions may be somewhat independent of disease processes. This may help to explain the dissonance observed in some patients between physical disease markers and the lived experience of breathlessness.Recent findingsA body of breathlessness research using functional neuroimaging has identified a relatively consistent set of brain areas that are associated with breathlessness. These areas include the insula, cingulate and sensory cortices, the amygdala and the periaqueductal gray matter. We interpret these findings in the context of new theories of perception that emphasize the importance of distributed brain networks. Within this framework, these perceptual networks function by checking an internal model (a set of expectations) against peripheral sensory inputs, instead of the brain acting as a passive signal transducer. Furthermore, other factors beyond the physiology of breathlessness can influence the system.SummaryA person's expectations and mood are major contributors to the function of the brain networks that generate perceptions of breathlessness. Breathlessness, therefore, arises from inferences made by the brain's integration of both expectations and sensory inputs. By better understanding individual differences across these contributing perceptual factors, we will be better poised to develop targeted and individualized treatments for breathlessness that could complement disease-modifying therapies.
Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy, and Safety of IPX203 in Parkinson Disease Patients With Motor Fluctuations
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Mittur Aravind , Dinh Phillip , Rubens Robert , Gupta Suneel 
Published: July 2019

Objectives
IPX203 is an investigational oral extended-release capsule formulation of carbidopa and levodopa. The pharmacodynamics and efficacy of IPX203 were compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (IR CD-LD) in this open-label, rater-blinded, multicenter, crossover study in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
Twenty-eight patients were randomized to 2 weeks of treatment with IR CD-LD followed by IPX203 or IPX203 followed by IR CD-LD. Pharmacokinetic and motor assessments were conducted on days 1 and 15 of each treatment period. Efficacy was assessed using a 3-day PD diary. Pharmacodynamics were assessed by rater-blinded Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III and Investigator Assessment of Subject's Motor State.

Results
After a single dose, levodopa concentrations were sustained above 50% of peak concentration for 4.6 hours with IPX203 versus 1.5 hours with IR CD-LD (P < 0.0001). Based on the PD diary, patients experienced significantly less Off time with IPX203 as a percentage of waking hours than IR CD-LD (mean 19.3% vs 33.5%, respectively; P < 0.0001), translating into 2.3 hours less Off time than IR CD-LD with most of this improvement (1.9 hours) being Good On time. There was no significant difference in the amount of On time with troublesome dyskinesia between treatments. Pharmacodynamic assessments demonstrated similar outcomes in favor of IPX203 on day 1 and a significant predose benefit on motor examination after multiple dosing.

Conclusions
IPX203 demonstrated a sustained effect to reduce Off time and improve Good On time in patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Emergent matriliny in a matrifocal, patrilineal population: a male coalitionary perspective
Authors: Macfarlan Shane J. , Quinlan Robert J. , Post Emily 
Published: July 2019

Daughter-biased parental investment and limited paternal care promote matrifocality and matrilineal descent, both of which are forms of matricentric social organization. However, matrifocality can occur under patrilineal descent. We hypothesize that matrilineal descent could emergently organize social relationships if a society were normatively patrilineal but matrifocal. Furthermore, in matrifocal environments, male and female social lives are envisioned as sex-specific adaptive strategies. Males purportedly form large, flexible social support networks that conflict with conjugal partnership investment owing to a tradeoff in the allocation of effort associated with either investing in male social support or provisioning the conjugal household. However, no quantitative analyses exist about the effect of conjugal partnership formation on male social relations in matrifocal communities. Here we examine whether matrilineal kinship organizes male same-sex social relationships and the effect of conjugal partnerships on male social support in a normatively patrilineal, but matrifocal village. We find that matrilineal kinship influences male social support networks, but not labour cooperation. Consistent with a tradeoff associated with investing in male social support or a conjugal union, we find that labouring with a conjugal partner, but not conjugal partnership itself, reduces male labour and social support outcomes. Our results suggest new insights into men's roles in matricentric social organization: (1) matriliny can emerge in patrilineal systems when household economics shift toward matrifocality in which matrilineal descent is used to organize male social support, and (2) the degree to which this shift occurs depends on the proportion of men who invest in same-sex social networks as opposed to a conjugal partner and offspring.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
The evolution of infanticide by females in mammals
Authors: Lukas Dieter , Huchard Elise 
Published: July 2019

In most mammalian species, females regularly interact with kin, which is expected to reduce aggressive competitive behaviour among females. It may thus be difficult to understand why infanticide by females has been reported in numerous species and is sometimes perpetrated by groupmates. Here, we investigate the evolutionary determinants of infanticide by females by combining a quantitative analysis of the taxonomic distribution of infanticide with a qualitative synthesis of the circumstances of infanticidal attacks in published reports. Our results show that female infanticide is widespread across mammals and varies in relation to social organization and life history, being more frequent where females breed in groups and have intense bouts of high reproductive output. Specifically, female infanticide occurs where the proximity of conspecific offspring directly threatens the killer's reproductive success by limiting access to critical resources for her dependent progeny, including food, shelters, care or a social position. By contrast, infanticide is not immediately modulated by the degree of kinship among females, and females occasionally sacrifice closely related infants. Our findings suggest that the potential direct fitness rewards of gaining access to reproductive resources have a stronger influence on the expression of female aggression than the indirect fitness costs of competing against kin.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Differences between sons and daughters in the intergenerational transmission of wealth
Authors: Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Towner Mary C. , Baldini Ryan , Beheim Bret A. , Bowles Samuel , Colleran Heidi , Gurven Michael , Kramer Karen L. , Mattison Siobhán M. , Nolin David A. , Scelza Brooke A. , Schniter Eric , Sear Rebecca , Shenk Mary K. , Voland Eckart , Ziker John 
Published: July 2019

Persistent interest lies in gender inequality, especially with regard to the favouring of sons over daughters. Economists are concerned with how privilege is transmitted across generations, and anthropologists have long studied sex-biased inheritance norms. There has, however, been no focused cross-cultural investigation of how parent–offspring correlations in wealth vary by offspring sex. We estimate these correlations for 38 wealth measures, including somatic and relational wealth, from 15 populations ranging from hunter–gatherers to small-scale farmers. Although small sample sizes limit our statistical power, we find no evidence of ubiquitous male bias, at least as inferred from comparing parent–son and parent–daughter correlations. Rather we find wide variation in signatures of sex bias, with evidence of both son and daughter-biased transmission. Further, we introduce a model that helps pinpoint the conditions under which simple mid-point parent–offspring wealth correlations can reveal information about sex-biased parental investment. Our findings are relevant to the study of female-biased kinship by revealing just how little normative descriptors of kinship systems, such as patrilineal inheritance, capture intergenerational correlations in wealth, and how variable parent–son and parent–daughter correlations can be.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.
A worldwide view of matriliny: using cross-cultural analyses to shed light on human kinship systems
Authors: Surowiec Alexandra , Snyder Kate T. , Creanza Nicole 
Published: July 2019

Although matriliny and matrilocality are relatively rare in contemporary human populations, these female-based descent and residence systems are present in different cultural contexts and across the globe. Previous research has generated numerous hypotheses about which cultural traits are associated with the stability or loss of matrilineal descent. In addition, several studies have examined matrilineal descent with phylogenetic analyses; however, the use of language phylogenies has restricted these analyses to comparisons within a single language family, often confined to a single continent. Cross-cultural comparisons are particularly informative when they account for the relationships between widely distributed populations, as opposed to treating each population as an independent sample or focusing on a single region. Here, we study the evolution of descent systems on a worldwide scale. First, we test for significant associations between matriliny and numerous cultural traits that have been theoretically associated with its stability or loss, such as subsistence strategy, animal domestication, mating system, residence pattern, wealth transfer and property succession. In addition, by combining genetic and linguistic information to build a global supertree that includes 16 matrilineal populations, we also perform phylogenetically controlled analyses to assess the patterns of correlated evolution between descent and other traits: for example, does a change in subsistence strategy generally predict a shift in the rules of descent, or do these transitions happen independently? These analyses enable a worldwide perspective on the pattern and process of the evolution of matriliny and matrilocality.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Multiple timescales account for adaptive responses across sensory cortices
Authors: Latimer Kenneth W. , Barbera Dylan , Sokoletsky Michael , Awwad Bshara , Katz Yonaton , Nelken Israel , Lampl Ilan , Fairhall Adrienne , Priebe Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSensory systems encounter remarkably diverse stimuli in the external environment. Natural stimuli exhibit timescales and amplitudes of variation that span a wide range. Mechanisms of adaptation, ubiquitous feature of sensory systems, allow for the accommodation of this range of scales. Are there common rules of adaptation across different sensory modalities? We measured the membrane potential responses of individual neurons in the visual, somatosensory and auditory cortices to discrete, punctate stimuli delivered at a wide range of fixed and nonfixed frequencies. We find that the adaptive profile of the response is largely preserved across these three areas, exhibiting attenuation and responses to the cessation of stimulation which are signatures of response to changes in stimulus statistics. We demonstrate that these adaptive responses can emerge from a simple model based on the integration of fixed filters operating over multiple time scales.