bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Congenital Cleft of the Nose
Authors: Bilgen Fatma , Ural Alper , Bekerecioğlu Mehmet 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The intrauterine growth of the face is formed by appropriate fusion of frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular protrusions. These anomalies are very rare and there may be differences between individuals according to cleft types. In this article, a very rare condition of isolated alar cleft and its treatment method were presented. A 14-year-old female patient applied to our clinic with complaint of congenital nasal deformity. On physical examination, a full thickness defect was observed on distal 1/3 of right alar wing, and the right alar cartilage was found as malpositioned of 2 cm more cranially than it should have supposed to be. The patient was diagnosed as isolated nasal cleft and repaired with rotation and transposition flaps. In the technique described earlier, it was observed that the rotation and transposition flaps not only correct the incomplete units but also facilitating the correction of the nostril malposition. One must consider full-layer repair to obtain a more acceptable image in terms of aesthetic and functional results. According to authors, this technique is advantageous as it provides both excellent color and texture harmony.
Rhinogenic Headache: Standardization of Terminologies Used for Headaches Arising From Problems in the Nose and Nasal Cavity
Authors: Yi Hyung Suk , Kwak Chan Yee , Kim Hong Il , Kim Hyo Young , Han Daniel Seungyoul 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
The use of different expressions between physicians frequently results in confusion in the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients with headaches due to problems in the nose and nasal cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the terminologies that have been used most frequently to standardize these terminologies.

Methods:
Terminologies that are most frequently used in general, including rhinogenic migraine, sinus headache, rhinogenic contact point headache, middle turbinate headache syndrome, and rhinogenic headache, were found by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These terminologies were objectively assessed on the basis of existing research and definitions and the range of diagnoses by organizations with public credibility.

Results:
There were many terminologies in use for headache related to nose; however, these were not logical expressions and only partly explained the phenomenon. Among the terms, “rhinogenic headache” was most appropriate in expressing and describing the related symptoms.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that the term “rhinogenic headache” is most appropriate for describing pain in the nose and eyes in patients with deformation within the nose or the nasal cavity due to external injuries or underlying diseases related to nose as observed on computed tomography.
The Periangular Approach to the Posterior Mandible: A Novel Approach and Technique
Authors: Patel Neel , Cronyn Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
There exist 2 classic extraoral approaches to the posterior aspect of the mandible, namely the submandibular or Risdon approach, and the retromandibular approach. Despite their widespread use, there still exist concerns of damage to surrounding structures, in particular cranial nerve VII, as well as vascular structures and salivary glands. Evidence of facial nerve palsy has been shown to be as high as 48% in the patient with the Risdon approach, and as high as 30% in the retromandibular approach. The authors wish to propose a more conservative, technically easier, and less time-consuming approach to the posterior mandible, with less risk of damage to the branches of the facial nerve, as well as other structures such as the facial vessels and the parotid gland.
Vagus Nerve Schwannoma Mimicking a Lateral Neck Cyst
Authors: Cukic Ognjen , Jovanovic Milan B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells of the myelin sheath. The cystic appearance of a cervical vagal schwannoma is an extremely rare finding, with few patients reported in the literature. A 60-year-old female patient was seen at our service for a slow-growing, 9 × 6 cm left-sided cystic neck mass. Preoperative clinical and computed tomography evaluation suggested a diagnosis of a lateral neck cyst. The surgical exploration through the lateral cervicotomy revealed a large cystic mass and clearly identified that the tumor was originating from the left vagal nerve. The histopathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. Although uncommon, vagal schwannoma with pronounced cystic component should be included in the differential diagnosis of the cystic neck swellings.
Atrophic Maxilla Reconstruction With Autogenous Iliac Graft and Guided Dental Implants
Authors: Cunha Giovanni , Rocha Audrey Foster Lefort , Filho Valfrido Antônio Pereira , Gabrielli Mario Francisco Real , Gabrielli Marisa Aparecida Cabrini 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is frequently the best alternative for replacement of lost teeth. Several techniques and materials allow achievement of excellent function and esthetics. In the case of maxillary or mandibular atrophy, extensive grafting may be necessary before implants can be properly placed. This is a case of maxillary reconstruction with autogenous iliac crest bone grafts, followed by placement of guided implants. After integration of the grafts, planning and insertion of implants allowed installation of an implant-supported prosthesis, recovering the morphology, function, and esthetics.
Computer-Aided Design and Three-Dimensional–Printed Surgical Templates for Second-Stage Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Ren Yipeng , Xi Qing , Zhang Lei , Liu Huawei , Shi Yueyi , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is extremely difficult in clinical practice to accurately reset the physiologic positions of the mandibular condyle and ramus because of ongoing bone remodeling, muscle stretching, occlusal disorders, and other factors; this makes it difficult to obtain a good shape for a reconstructed mandible, as well as a good condylar position. The present study aimed to investigate a standardized method for mandibular reconstruction in cases of obsolete mandibular defects, using a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed surgical template enhanced by computer-aided design. We collected computed tomography data preoperatively to computerize the physiologic positions of the mandibular condyle and ramus on the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. Surgical simulation and 3D-printed template preparation were then conducted to assist in the implementation of actual surgery. Postoperative review was performed to assess the repositioning of the condyle, where patients were found to regain a satisfactory condyle position. Reconstruction error was ±0.56 mm, fulfilling the preoperative design. No complications and discomfort were reported. Overall, the combined use of computer-aided design and 3D-printed surgical templates can standardize mandibular reconstruction in cases of obsolete mandibular body defects.
Algorithms that remember: model inversion attacks and data protection law
Authors: Veale Michael , Binns Reuben , Edwards Lilian 
Published: October 2018

Many individuals are concerned about the governance of machine learning systems and the prevention of algorithmic harms. The EU's recent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been seen as a core tool for achieving better governance of this area. While the GDPR does apply to the use of models in some limited situations, most of its provisions relate to the governance of personal data, while models have traditionally been seen as intellectual property. We present recent work from the information security literature around ‘model inversion’ and ‘membership inference’ attacks, which indicates that the process of turning training data into machine-learned systems is not one way, and demonstrate how this could lead some models to be legally classified as personal data. Taking this as a probing experiment, we explore the different rights and obligations this would trigger and their utility, and posit future directions for algorithmic governance and regulation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.
Deep structural brain lesions associated with consciousness impairment early after haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Rohaut Benjamin , Doyle Kevin W. , Reynolds Alexandra S. , Igwe Kay , Couch Caroline , Matory Adu , Rizvi Batool , Roh David , Velasquez Angela , Megjhani Murad , Park Soojin , Agarwal Sachin , Mauro Christine M. , Li Gen , Eliseyev Andrey , Perlbarg Vincent , Connolly E. Sander , Brickman Adam M. , Claassen Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of deep structural lesions on level of consciousness early after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is largely unknown.MethodsWe studied a consecutive series of patients with spontaneous ICH that underwent MRI within 7 days of the bleed. We assessed consciousness by testing for command following from time of MRI to hospital discharge, and determined 3-months functional outcomes using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E). ICH and oedema volumes, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), and midline shift (MLS) were quantified. Presence of blood and oedema in deep brain regions previously implicated in consciousness were assessed. A machine learning approach using logistic regression with elastic net regularization was applied to identify parameters that best predicted consciousness at discharge controlling for confounders.ResultsFrom 158 ICH patients that underwent MRI, 66% (N=105) were conscious and 34% (N=53) unconscious at the time of MRI. Almost half of unconscious patients (49%, N= 26) recovered consciousness by ICU discharge. Focal lesions within subcortical structures predicted persistent impairment of consciousness at discharge together with MLS, IVH, and ICH and oedema volumes (AUC 0.74; 95%-CI 0.73-0.75). Caudate nucleus, midbrain peduncle, and pontine tegmentum were implicated as critical structures. Unconscious patients predicted to recover consciousness had better 3-month functional outcomes than those predicted to remain unconscious (35% vs 0% GOS-E ≥4; p-value=0.02).ConclusionMRI lesions within key subcortical structures together with measures reflecting the mass effect of the haemorrhage (lesion volumes, IVH, MLS) obtained within one week of ICH can help predict early recovery of consciousness and 3-month functional outcome.
Genome structure and evolution ofAntirrhnum majusL
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Zhang Dongfen , Zhang Hui , Gao Qiang , Ma Bin , Chen Chunhai , Luo Yingfeng , Cao Yinghao , Li Qun , Zhang Yu’e , Guo Han , Li Junhui , Song Yanzhai , Zhang Yue , Copsey Lucy , Whibley Annabel , Li Yan , qi Ming , Wang Jiawei , Chen Yan , Wang Dan , Zhao Jinyang , Liu Guocheng , Wu Bin , Yu Lili , Xu Chunyan , Li Jiang , Zhao Shancen , Zhang Yijing , Hu Songnian , Liang Chengzhi , Yin Ye , Coen Enrico , Xue Yongbiao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSnapdragon (Antirrhinum majusL.), a member of Plantaginaceae, is an important model for plant genetics and molecular studies on plant growth and development, transposon biology and self-incompatibility. Here we report a high-quality genome assembly ofA. majuscultivated JI7 (A. majuscv.JI7) of a 510 Mb with 37,714 annotated protein-coding genes. The scaffolds covering 97.12% of the assembled genome were anchored on 8 chromosomes. Comparative and evolutionary analyses revealed that Plantaginaceae and Solanaceae diverged from their most recent ancestor around 62 million years ago (MYA). We also revealed the genetic architectures associated with complex traits such as flower asymmetry and self-incompatibility including a unique TCP duplication around 46-49 MYA and a near completeψS-locus of ca.2 Mb. The genome sequence obtained in this study not only provides the first genome sequenced from Plantaginaceae but also bring the popular plant model system ofAntirrhinuminto a genomic age.
Persistence of microcystin production ofPlanktothrix agardhiiexposed to different salinity concentrations
Authors: Vergalli Julia , Combes Audrey , Franquet Evelyne , Fayolle Stéphanie , Comte Katia 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRecent reports tend to predict the increase of harmful cyanobacteria in water systems worldwide due to the climatic and environmental changes, which would compromise water quality and public health. Among abiotic changes, the higher salinities are expected to promote the growth of some harmful species such asPlanktothrix agardhii, which is known to build up blooms in brackish areas. SinceP. agardhiiis a common cyanotoxin producer (microcystin-producing), we investigated here the growth and tolerance of this species when exposedin vitroto a range of salinity levels, while assessing its microcystins variation and production in batch cultures during a time-frame experiment of 18 days. The study revealed a salt acclimation of the brackishP. agardhiithat still produced microcystins in salty cultures while maintaining its growth ability in low to medium salinities (ranged from 0 to 7.5 g L−1). For higher salinity concentrations (10 to 12.5 g L−1), microcystins were still detected, while significantly lower growth rates were obtained during the exponential growth phase. This suggests that moderate to high salt ranges do not inhibit the microcystins production ofP. agardhiiat least for several weeks. Finally, the predicted remediation perspectives in a context of environment salinization assumed by environmental policies may be insufficient to eradicate this potential toxic cyanobacteria, especially when this species is already dominant in the waterbodies.
A computational framework to assess genome-wide distribution of polymorphic human endogenous retrovirus-K in human populations
Authors: Li Weiling , Lin Lin , Malhotra Raunaq , Yang Lei , Acharya Raj , Poss Mary 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman Endogenous Retrovirus type K (HERV-K) is the only HERV known to be insertionally polymorphic. It is possible that HERV-Ks contribute to human disease because people differ in both number and genomic location of these retroviruses. Indeed viral transcripts, proteins, and antibody against HERV-K are detected in cancers, auto-immune, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, attempts to link a polymorphic HERV-K with any disease have been frustrated in part because population frequency of HERV-K provirus at each site is lacking and it is challenging to identify closely related elements such as HERV-K from short read sequence data. We present an integrated and computationally robust approach that uses whole genome short read data to determine the occupation status at all sites reported to contain a HERV-K provirus. Our method estimates the proportion of fixed length genomic sequence (k-mers) from whole genome sequence data matching a reference set ofk-mersunique to each HERV-K loci and applies mixture model-based clustering to account for low depth sequence data. Our analysis of 1000 Genomes Project Data (KGP) reveals numerous differences among the five KGP super-populations in the frequency of individual and co-occurring HERV-K proviruses; we provide a visualization tool to easily depict the prevalence of any combination of HERV-K among KGP populations. Further, the genome burden of polymorphic HERV-K is variable in humans, with East Asian (EAS) individuals having the fewest integration sites. Our study identifies population-specific sequence variation for several HERV-K proviruses. We expect these resources will advance research on HERV-K contributions to human diseases.Author summaryHuman Endogenous Retrovirus type K (HERV-K) is the youngest of retrovirus families in the human genome and is the only group that is polymorphic; a HERV-K can be present in one individual but absent from others. HERV-Ks could contribute to disease risk but establishing a link of a polymorphic HERV-K to a specific disease has been difficult. We develop an easy to use method that reveals the considerable variation existing among global populations in the frequency of individual and co-occurring polymorphic HERV-K, and in the total number of HERV-K that any individual has in their genome. Our study provides a global reference set of HERV-K genomic diversity and tools needed to determine the genomic landscape of HERV-K in any patient population.
Brain-wide cellular resolution imaging of Cre transgenic zebrafish lines for functional circuit-mapping
Authors: Tabor Kathryn M. , Marquart Gregory D. , Hurt Christopher , Smith Trevor S. , Geoca Alexandra K. , Bhandiwad Ashwin A. , Subedi Abhignya , Sinclair Jennifer L. , Polys Nicholas F. , Burgess Harold A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecoding the functional connectivity of the nervous system is facilitated by transgenic methods that express a genetically encoded reporter or effector in specific neurons; however, most transgenic lines show broad spatiotemporal and cell-type expression. Increased specificity can be achieved using intersectional genetic methods which restrict reporter expression to cells that co-express multiple drivers, such as Gal4 and Cre. To facilitate intersectional targeting in zebrafish, we have generated more than 50 new Cre lines, and co-registered brain expression images with the Zebrafish Brain Browser, a cellular resolution atlas of 264 transgenic lines. Lines labeling neurons of interest can be identified using a web-browser to perform a 3D spatial search (zbbrowser.com). This resource facilitates the design of intersectional genetic experiments and will advance a wide range of precision circuit-mapping studies.
Operations reliability study of small aircraft powered by piston engines
Authors: Glowacki Pawel Jan , Loroch Leszek , Balicki Wlodzimierz 
Published: October 2018

PurposeEurope has adopted Flight Path 2050 (FP 2050) challenge with an objective of 90 per cent of the travelers being able to reach door-to-door European destinations within 4 hours by 2050. The aim can be achieved by reliable, well-organized small aircraft transport (SAT). Analysis of the currently operating small aircraft operational reliability data will support the development of future aircraft designs as well as reliability and safety requirements necessary for commercial operations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides results of a statistical analysis of small aircraft current operations based on the reported events contained in the Database named European Coordination Centre for Aviation Incident Reporting Systems database. It presents identified safety indicators and focuses particularly on those related to the aviation technology.FindingsIt has been found that certain airframe and powerplant systems have the biggest influence on flight safety.Practical implicationsMultidisciplinary analysis of the operational and aircraft components reliability data will help in a proper preparation of the SAT supporting facilities, a design process of new aircraft and improvements of the existing airframe and powerplant systems.Originality/valuePresented results are valuable for further developments of the statistical tools facilitating new product introduction.
Establishment and verification of a contact model of flowing fresh concrete
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Han Zhennan , Ma Yali , Zhang Qianqian 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a new dynamic coupled discrete-element contact model used for investigating fresh concrete with different grades and different motion states, and demonstrate its correctness and reliability according to the rheological property results of flow fresh concrete in different working states through simulating the slump process and mixing process.

Design/methodology/approach
To accurately express the motion and force of flowing fresh concrete in different working states from numerical analysis, a dynamic coupled discrete-element contact model is proposed for fresh concrete of varying strength. The fluid-like fresh concrete is modelled as a two-phase fluid consisting of mortar and aggregate. Depending on the contact forms of the aggregate and mortar, the model is of one of the five types, namely, Hertz–Mindlin, pendular LB contact, funicular mucous contact, capillary LB contact or slurry lift/drag contact.

Findings
To verify the accuracy of this contact model, concrete slump and cross-vane rheometer tests are simulated using the traditional LB model and dynamic coupled contact model, for five concrete strengths. Finally, by comparing the simulation results from the two different contact models with experimental data, it is found that those from the proposed contact model are closer to the experimental data.

Practical implications
This contact model could be used to address issues such as (a) the mixing, transportation and pumping of fresh concrete, (b) deeper research and discussion on the influence of fresh concrete on the dynamic performance of agitated-transport vehicles, (c) the behaviour of fresh concrete in mixing tanks and (d) the abrasion of concrete pumping pipes.

Originality/value
To accurately express the motion and force of flowing fresh concrete in different working states from numerical analysis, a dynamic coupled discrete-element contact model is proposed for fresh concrete of varying strength.
Using structural equation modelling to assess the sustainable competitive advantages provided by the low-cost carrier model
Authors: Singh Vedant , Vaibhav S. , Sharma Somesh Kr. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the dimensions of sustainable competitive advantages in the Indian low cost airlines.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used structural equation modelling methods to identify the factors that significantly affect the sustainable competitive advantages enjoyed by Indian low-cost carriers (LCCs). Specifically, this study is based on the data from 208 airline experts that populate multiple structural equation models.

Findings
Results indicate that indigenous efficiency, the LCCs perceptions of threat, dexterity, strategic persuasion and the LCC adopting an enabling role positively affect LCCs’ competitive advantages. These five factors were all correlated with each other. The results also show that relative to an LCC’s dexterity, indigenous efficiency is a stronger predictor of an LCC’s competitive advantages.

Originality/value
This study provides low-cost airlines with valuable information for designing effective strategies for obtaining competitive advantages in the LCC sector. To conclude the paper, the authors offer practical recommendations for managers and suggest some avenues for future research in this area.