bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition preference of three lepidopteran species is not affected by previous aphid infestation in wild cabbage
Authors: Li Yehua , Meijer Davy , Dicke Marcel , Gols Rieta 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that pre‐infestation with aphids can improve plant quality for herbivorous caterpillars. This effect is often explained by the negative crosstalk between specific plant defence, signal‐transduction pathways induced by aphids and caterpillars, respectively. However, in these studies caterpillars are introduced on the plants by the researcher, whereas in nature, the adult mother often chooses the food plants for her offspring. According to the preference–performance hypothesis adult females should choose oviposition sites that result in optimal performance and survival of their offspring. In this study, we investigated whether three lepidopteran species–Pieris brassicae (L.) (Pieridae), Plutella xylostella L. (Plutellidae) and Mamestra brassicae L. (Noctuidae)–prefer aphid‐infested over clean plants. Adult females of the three species was given the choice between wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Brassicaceae) plants infested with aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) for 3, 7, or 14 days vs. non‐infested clean plants. Pieris brassicae females was also given the choice between plants dually infested with B. brassicae aphids and P. xylostella caterpillars when the order of infestation was varied. For oviposition, adult females of all three species did not discriminate between aphid‐infested and clean plants, irrespective of the duration of aphid infestation. Also, P. brassicae females did not discriminate between sets of dually infested plants, irrespective of the order of infestation. Several mechanisms are discussed that could explain this lack of preference.
A synthesis for managing invasions and pest risks simultaneously for tephritid fruit flies in South Africa
Authors: Karsten Minette , Barton Madeleine , Addison Pia , Addison Matthew F. , Terblanche John S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeveloping a general management framework for monitoring and reporting biological invasions in agricultural contexts is crucial to assist in the planning and execution of intervention and control strategies. Here we make use of a diverse range of data sets for economically significant South African agricultural fruit fly pests to offer several potential intervention strategies and present a general management framework that unifies different but related fields of research (invasion science and pest management). We review the status ofTephritidae (Diptera) inSouthAfrica with a strong focus on the highly invasiveBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) and touch on the use of population genetics in pest or invasion management. Integrated modelling of landscape friction from population genetics is undertaken to test for any intrinsic resistance to pest movement across the landscape (e.g., natural or agricultural barriers). Based on the novel analyses presented here, clearly defined landscape management units can be allocated. AcrossSouthAfrica, control and intervention strategies for managing both invasions of new Tephritidae and existing pest species can be unified into a common framework. Finally, we illustrate the concepts outlined above in a conceptual management decision tree for integrating pest management and invasion management simultaneously. Promoting awareness among growers and the public about fruit fly invasions and impacts is a priority to prevent future incursions of fruit flies, whereas managingTephritidae as distinct landscape units should facilitate prevention of movement of emerging and existing pests.
Do higher summer temperatures restrict the dissemination of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in France?
Authors: Grosdidier M. , Ioos R. , Marçais B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHymenoscyphus fraxineus is an invasive pathogen that severely affects European ashes, jeopardizing the use of this species in forestry. However, even aggressive invasive pathogens require environmental conditions conducive to disease development. Hence, H. fraxineus survival at temperatures above 35°C is limited, which could reduce its impact in southern Europe. This study examined the effect of environmental conditions, mainly summer temperatures, on ash dieback development in southeast France between 2015 and 2016. Fourteen sites were selected according to altitudinal and longitudinal gradients covering a wide range of mean summer temperatures. Disease severity, density of infected and healthy rachises in the litter and quantity of apothecia produced on infected rachises were measured. Results point to limited disease severity in this area because of the occurrence of high summer temperatures that are unfavourable to the pathogen. In a context of global warming, increases in temperatures could have a positive impact on ashes by limiting ash dieback development.
Results from a pilot study of a computer‐based role‐playing game for young people with psychosis
Authors: Olivet Jeffrey , Haselden Morgan , Piscitelli Sarah , Kenney Rachael , Shulman Alexander , Medoff Deborah , Dixon Lisa 
Published: March 2018

AimRecent research on first episode psychosis (FEP) has demonstrated the effectiveness of coordinated specialty care (CSC) models to support young adults and their families, yet few tools exist to promote engagement in care. This study aimed to develop a prototype computer‐based role‐playing game (RPG) designed for young people who have experienced FEP, and conduct a pilot study to determine feasibility and test whether the game improves consumers' attitudes toward treatment and recovery.MethodsTwenty young people with FEP who were receiving services at a CSC program enrolled in the study and played the game for 1 hour. Pre‐ and post‐quantitative assessments measured change in hope, recovery, stigma, empowerment and engagement in treatment. Qualitative interviews explored participants' experience with the game and ideas for further product development.ResultsParticipants showed significant increase in positive attitudes toward recovery. The qualitative findings further demonstrated the game's positive impact across these domains. Of all game features, participants most highly valued video testimonials of other young adults with FEP telling their stories of hope and recovery.ConclusionsThese findings provide modest support for the potential benefits of this type of computer‐based RPG, if further developed for individuals experiencing psychosis.
Cotransplantation of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells and allogeneic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells as a first‐line treatment in very severe aplastic anemia patients with refractory infections
Authors: Yue Chunyan , Ding Yingying , Gao Yang , Li Li , Pang Yan , Liu Zenghui , Zhang Hang , Xiao Yang , Jiang Zujun , Xiao Haowen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn patients with very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA), neutropenia is prolonged and persistent, resulting in refractory overwhelming infections. Hematopoiesis recovery is urgently needed.MethodsSix patients with de novo VSAA lacking HLA‐identical sibling donors and those who experienced refractory infections underwent haploidentical related donor (HRD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a first‐line therapy. The conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Culture‐expanded allogeneic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells were infused on day 0 and day +14.ResultsFrom diagnosis to HSCT, 6 patients experienced a total of 28 episodes of persistent fever, and the median number was 4 (range, 3‐7). All cases developed major bacterial infections and invasive pulmonary fungal infection pre‐HSCT. The median time from diagnosis to HSCT was 2 months (range, 1‐3.5 months). All patients achieved sustained, full donor chimerism, and the median time of myeloid recovery and platelet engraftment was 13 days (range, 9‐19 days) and 15.5 days (range, 10‐23 days), respectively. One patient died of aGVHD, and 5 patients are alive after a median follow‐up of 21 months (range 17‐40.5).ConclusionsUpfront HRD‐HSCT may be a safe and promising choice for patients with VSAA in critical situations without suitably matched donors.
Corticothalamic axon morphologies and network architecture
Authors: Rockland Kathleen S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent commentaries on the role of the thalamus consider a wide sphere of influence beyond sensory‐motor transformation, to include task‐relevant cognitive processes. In this short review, I reconsider known anatomic features of corticothalamic connectivity, primarily for macaque monkey, and discuss these as part of an intricate network architecture consistent with multiple connectional recombinations and a diversity of functional tasks. Drawing mainly on results from single axon analysis for the two broad classes of corticothalamic (CT) connections, I review the strikingly complementary spatial parameters of their extrinsic CT arbors in relation to intrinsic cortical collaterals. That is, CT neurons in layer 5 (class II) have spatially compact (low divergent) thalamic fields, but highly spatially divergent cortical collaterals. In contrast, CT neurons in layer 6 (class I) have highly divergent thalamic fields, but delimited, low divergent cortical collaterals. CT convergence in the thalamus is technically more difficult to analyze, but one can infer a low convergence of terminations from layer 5, in contrast with CT terminations from layer 6, which are highly convergent. Reciprocating thalamocortical (TC) axons have multiple clustered and divergent arbors. What to conclude from these relationships requires further investigation of activity patterns and networks under different conditions. Specific parameters are suggestive of selective recruitment of distributed postsynaptic networks and ordered activity sequences; but are these separable systems, operating cooperatively or in parallel (L.5 low divergent/low convergent vs. L. 6 high divergent/high convergent)?
Neurocardiovascular pathology in pre‐manifest and early‐stage Huntington's disease
Authors: Bellosta Diago E. , Pérez‐Pérez J. , Santos Lasaosa S. , Viloria Alebesque A. , Martínez‐Horta S. , Kulisevsky J. , López del Val J. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeCardiovascular events are a major cause of early death in the Huntington's disease (HD) population. Dysautonomia as well as deterioration of circadian rhythms can be detected early in the disease progression and can have profound effects on cardiac health. The aim of the present study was to determine if patients with HD and pre‐manifest mutation carriers present a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than non‐mutation‐carrying controls.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional, multicentre study of 38 HD mutation carriers (23 pre‐manifest and 15 early‐stage patients) compared with 38 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Clinical and epidemiological variables, including the main haematological vascular risk factors, were recorded. Ambulatory blood‐pressure monitoring and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) measurement were performed to assess autonomic function and as target‐organ damage markers.ResultsMost (63.2%) patients with HD (86.7% and 47.8%, respectively, of the early‐stage and pre‐manifest patients) were non‐dippers compared with 23.7% of controls (P = 0.001). CIMT values were in the 75th percentile in 46.7% and 43.5%, respectively, of the early‐stage and pre‐manifest patients, whereas none of the controls presented pathological values (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Nocturnal non‐dipping was significantly associated with CIMT values in patients (P = 0.002) but not in controls.ConclusionsThese results suggest that higher cardiovascular risks and target‐organ damage are present even in pre‐manifest patients. Although larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, clinicians should consider these results in the cardiovascular management of patients with HD.
Quantifying functional connectivity: The role of breeding habitat, abundance, and landscape features on range‐wide gene flow in sage‐grouse
Authors: Row Jeffrey R. , Doherty Kevin E. , Cross Todd B. , Schwartz Michael K. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. , Naugle Dave E. , Knick Steven T. , Fedy Bradley C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFunctional connectivity, quantified using landscape genetics, can inform conservation through the identification of factors linking genetic structure to landscape mechanisms. We used breeding habitat metrics, landscape attributes, and indices of grouse abundance, to compare fit between structural connectivity and genetic differentiation within five long‐established Sage‐Grouse Management Zones (MZ) I‐V using microsatellite genotypes from 6,844 greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) collected across their 10.7 million‐km2 range. We estimated structural connectivity using a circuit theory‐based approach where we built resistance surfaces using thresholds dividing the landscape into “habitat” and “nonhabitat” and nodes were clusters of sage‐grouse leks (where feather samples were collected using noninvasive techniques). As hypothesized, MZ‐specific habitat metrics were the best predictors of differentiation. To our surprise, inclusion of grouse abundance‐corrected indices did not greatly improve model fit in most MZs. Functional connectivity of breeding habitat was reduced when probability of lek occurrence dropped below 0.25 (MZs I, IV) and 0.5 (II), thresholds lower than those previously identified as required for the formation of breeding leks, which suggests that individuals are willing to travel through undesirable habitat. The individual MZ landscape results suggested terrain roughness and steepness shaped functional connectivity across all MZs. Across respective MZs, sagebrush availability (<10%–30%; II, IV, V), tree canopy cover (>10%; I, II, IV), and cultivation (>25%; I, II, IV, V) each reduced movement beyond their respective thresholds. Model validations confirmed variation in predictive ability across MZs with top resistance surfaces better predicting gene flow than geographic distance alone, especially in cases of low and high differentiation among lek groups. The resultant resistance maps we produced spatially depict the strength and redundancy of range‐wide gene flow and can help direct conservation actions to maintain and restore functional connectivity for sage‐grouse.
Body size evolution and habitat colonization across 100 million years (Late Jurassic–Paleocene) of the actinopterygian evolutionary history
Authors: Guinot Guillaume , Cavin Lionel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFishes are characterized by their capacity to occupy all aquatic environments and by their amazing range of size and morphology. While it is known that habitat influenced the diversity dynamics of fish clades, studies on environmental colonization events through the evolutionary history of ray‐finned fishes have yielded conflicting results as to the origin of modern clades and preferential directions of shifts. The effects of habitat over morphological evolution such as body size remain poorly known in vertebrates. However, body size evolution is more frequently addressed in terms of variation through time and numerous studies have demonstrated that successive taxa within a clade tend to increase in size through time (Cope's or Depéret's rule). We use phylogenetic comparative methods on a genus‐level actinopterygian super‐tree based on extant and fossil data covering the Late Jurassic‐Paleogene interval. Results indicate marine ancestry for freshwater lineages and a dominance of colonizations from marine clades towards other habitats. Similar trends in environment occupancy among different ray‐finned clades are explored. Three main trends affecting non‐closely‐related clades are recognized: (i) the freshwater invaders, (ii) the predominantly marine dwellers and (iii) the environmentally labile fishes. Habitat effects on body size evolution are not statistically supported, but most actinopterygian subclades originate from small‐sized ancestors and tend to increase in size in the course of their evolutionary history. This trend is clear for lineages restricted for long periods of time in the same environments, either marine or freshwater, but it is not observed in environmentally labile fish lineages.
Structure of a bacterial ice binding protein with two faces of interaction with ice
Authors: Mangiagalli Marco , Sarusi Guy , Kaleda Aleksei , Bar Dolev Maya , Nardone Valentina , Vena Vittoria Federica , Braslavsky Ido , Lotti Marina , Nardini Marco 
Published: March 2018

Ice‐binding proteins (IBPs) contribute to the survival of many living beings at subzero temperature by controlling the formation and growth of ice crystals. This work investigates the structural basis of the ice‐binding properties of EfcIBP, obtained from Antarctic bacteria. EfcIBP is endowed with a unique combination of thermal hysteresis and ice recrystallization inhibition activity. The three‐dimensional structure, solved at 0.84 Å resolution, shows that EfcIBP belongs to the IBP‐1 fold family, and is organized in a right‐handed β‐solenoid with a triangular cross‐section that forms three protein surfaces, named A, B, and C faces. However, EfcIBP diverges from other IBP‐1 fold proteins in relevant structural features including the lack of a ‘capping’ region on top of the β‐solenoid, and in the sequence and organization of the regions exposed to ice that, in EfcIBP, reveal the presence of threonine‐rich ice‐binding motifs. Docking experiments and site‐directed mutagenesis pinpoint that EfcIBP binds ice crystals not only via its B face, as common to other IBPs, but also via ice‐binding sites on the C face.DatabaseCoordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 6EIO.
Effects of external operating environments on fatigue of heat‐exchanger copper tubes
Authors: Han C. , Lee J.‐H. , Choi Y.S. , Park S.‐H. , Park S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of surface defects (eg, notches) and external environment conditions (eg, operating temperature, the number of re‐weldings) on the static strength and fatigue of C1220T‐O copper tubes used in the heat exchangers of air conditioners. Instead of using standardized specimens, as is done in general rotary bending fatigue tests, special specimens were fabricated in this study by inserting metal plugs on both ends of the copper tubes to perform fatigue tests on the actual tube product, and then the fatigue characteristics were evaluated using stress‐life (S‐N) curves. Regarding the welding conditions (maximum 1000°C and 10 seconds), the grain size grew (grain size number decreased), and the hardness decreased as the number of re‐weldings increased. The effects of the operating temperatures on the fatigue life were examined at a room temperature of 25°C and a heat exchanger operating temperature of 125°C, resulting in the same fatigue limit (70.21 MPa) at both room and operating temperatures. However, the fatigue limit of 37.46 MPa measured in the notched specimens (radius of 3 mm, depth of 0.2 mm) was lower than that obtained from those without notches. The material constant (1.07) used in the Peterson equation was then computed from the fatigue notch factor (1.87 = 70.21/37.46), and the stress concentration factor (2.18) of the notched tube specimens was obtained from the structural analysis. This material constant can be used to predict a decrease in the fatigue limit over varying notch sizes in copper tubes (C1220T‐O).
Digital games and language teaching and learning
Authors: Sykes Julie M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe digital gaming industry has captured the public's attention worldwide and in the United States alone, the video game industry is predicted to increase by 30% from 2010 to 2019, reaching $19.6 billion in revenue (Takahashi, 2015, n.p.). Not surprisingly, digital gameplay is also rapidly expanding in educational domains. Although researchers have often cautioned that digital games are not a panacea or magic bullet, for the past decade educators have been exploring the inherent complexities and benefits of digital gaming and the significant opportunities they provide for effective, meaningful learning across disciplines (Caillois, 1961; Gee, 2007; McGonigal, 2013; Squire, 2009). World language learning and teaching have followed suit. This piece provides a brief exploration of the use of digital games in the language learning context and offers three ideas for future work in this area: (1) increased access to community‐based games, (2) meaningful incorporation of virtual reality, and (3) increased access to commercial games.
Heritage language education: A proposal for the next 50 years
Authors: Carreira Maria , Kagan Olga 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article discusses ideas that will likely figure prominently in the development of the field of heritage language (HL) studies over the next five decades. Drawing on the ideals that prompted the launch of the Heritage Language Initiative 20 years ago and building on the accomplishments of the field since then, we make several proposals for advancing research and instruction to better serve the needs of HL‐speaking youth and communities, as well as the nation at large. With this overarching goal, we focus in particular on the ways to institutionalize HL education in foreign language departments and mainstream it in the larger U.S. educational system
Biogeography of pelagic food webs in the North Pacific
Authors: Piatt John F. , Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Sydeman William J. , Thompson Sarah Ann , Renner Heather , Zador Stephani , Douglas David , Hatch Scott , Kettle Arthur , Williams Jeff 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) is a generalist seabird that breeds throughout the North Pacific and eats more than 75 different prey species. Using puffins as samplers, we characterized the geographic variability in pelagic food webs across the subarctic North Pacific from the composition of ~10,000 tufted puffin meals (~56,000 prey items) collected at 35 colonies in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) and Aleutian Archipelago. Cluster analysis of diet species composition suggested three distinct forage fish communities: (i) in the northern GoA, multiple age‐classes of coastal and shelf residents such as capelin, sand lance and herring dominated the food web, (ii) in the western GoA to eastern Aleutians, the shelf community was dominated by transient age‐0 walleye pollock, and (iii) in the western Aleutians, shelf‐edge and mesopelagic forage species such as squid, lanternfish, and Atka mackerel were prevalent. Geographic patterns of abundance of capelin and sand lance in tufted puffin diets were corroborated by independent research fisheries and diets of piscivorous fish, indicating that puffin diets reflect the local abundance of forage species, not just selection of favored species. Generalized additive models showed that habitat characteristics predict, in a non‐linear fashion, forage species distribution and abundance across two large marine ecosystems. We conclude that major biogeographic patterns in forage fish distribution follow gradients in key habitat features, and puffin diets reflect those patterns.