bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light Is the Primary Driver of Early Season Phytoplankton Production Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Joy‐Warren Hannah L. , van Dijken Gert L. , Alderkamp Anne‐Carlijn , Leventer Amy , Lewis Kate M. , Selz Virginia , Lowry Kate E. , van de Poll Willem , Arrigo Kevin R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLight and dissolved iron (dFe) availability control net primary production (NPP) in much of the Southern Ocean, but the primary controller during spring in the western Antarctic Peninsula has never been assessed. Underwater light and dFe availability are sensitive to climate‐induced changes in upper ocean circulation, stratification, and sea ice cover, which can affect NPP and phytoplankton community composition, both of which can alter carbon drawdown and food web structure. We estimated in situ NPP, net community production, and heterotrophic respiration and contextualized our field measurements with satellite‐based historical NPP estimates. Average light exposure mainly controlled NPP, while low dFe was associated with greatest NPP, indicating that spring phytoplankton growth is light‐limited and not dFe‐limited. Using experiments that simulated varying mixed layer depths by exposing phytoplankton to a short period of in situ surface light (up to 150× the mean light in the mixed layer, comparable to the difference in light experienced by phytoplankton mixed from 50 m to the surface), we assessed the effect of phytoplankton photoacclimation on NPP and relative success of individual taxa. At moderate light exposure (<30×), phytoplankton experienced little photodamage or changes in NPP, and Phaeocystis antarctica grew more than diatoms. Conversely, phytoplankton exposed to high light (>60×) experienced significant photodamage, declines in NPP, and declines in P. antarctica, with no consistent changes in diatoms. These results support the idea that P. antarctica is better adapted to variable light than diatoms and suggest that deeper mixed layers with variable light will favor P. antarctica.
Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Modeling Spatiotemporal Variability in Flood Damage Processes
Authors: Sairam Nivedita , Schröter Kai , Rözer Viktor , Merz Bruno , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlood damage processes are complex and vary between events and regions. State‐of‐the‐art flood loss models are often developed on the basis of empirical damage data from specific case studies and do not perform well when spatially and temporally transferred. This is due to the fact that such localized models often cover only a small set of possible damage processes from one event and a region. On the other hand, a single generalized model covering multiple events and different regions ignores the variability in damage processes across regions and events due to variables that are not explicitly accounted for individual households. We implement a hierarchical Bayesian approach to parameterize widely used depth‐damage functions resulting in a hierarchical (multilevel) Bayesian model (HBM) for flood loss estimation that accounts for spatiotemporal heterogeneity in damage processes. We test and prove the hypothesis that, in transfer scenarios, HBMs are superior compared to generalized and localized regression models. In order to improve loss predictions for regions and events for which no empirical damage data are available, we use variables pertaining to specific region‐ and event‐characteristics representing commonly available expert knowledge as group‐level predictors within the HBM.
Induced cardiac pacemaker cells survive metabolic stress owing to their low metabolic demand
Authors: Gu Jin-mo , Grijalva Sandra I. , Fernandez Natasha , Kim Elizabeth , Foster D. Brian , Cho Hee Cheol 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCardiac pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node initiate each and every heartbeat. Compared with our understanding of the constituents of their electrical excitation, little is known about the metabolic underpinnings that drive the automaticity of pacemaker myocytes. This lack is largely owing to the scarcity of native cardiac pacemaker myocytes. Here, we take advantage of induced pacemaker myocytes generated by TBX18-mediated reprogramming (TBX18-iPMs) to investigate comparative differences in the metabolic program between pacemaker myocytes and working cardiomyocytes. TBX18-iPMs were more resistant to metabolic stresses, exhibiting higher cell viability upon oxidative stress. TBX18-induced pacemaker myocytes (iPMs) expensed a lower degree of oxidative phosphorylation and displayed a smaller capacity for glycolysis compared with control ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, the mitochondria were smaller in TBX18-iPMs than in the control. We reasoned that a shift in the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission was responsible for the smaller mitochondria observed in TBX18-iPMs. We identified a mitochondrial inner membrane fusion protein, Opa1, as one of the key mediators of this process and demonstrated that the suppression of Opa1 expression increases the rate of synchronous automaticity in TBX18-iPMs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TBX18-iPMs exhibit a low metabolic demand that matches their mitochondrial morphology and ability to withstand metabolic insult.
Vimentin filaments interact with the actin cortex in mitosis allowing normal cell division
Authors: Duarte Sofia , Viedma-Poyatos Álvaro , Navarro-Carrasco Elena , Martínez Alma E. , Pajares María A. , Pérez-Sala Dolores 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe vimentin network displays remarkable plasticity to support basic cellular functions and reorganizes during cell division. Here, we show that in several cell types vimentin filaments redistribute to the cell cortex during mitosis, forming a robust framework interwoven with cortical actin and affecting its organization. Importantly, the intrinsically disordered tail domain of vimentin is essential for this redistribution, which allows normal mitotic progression. A tailless vimentin mutant forms curly bundles, which remain entangled with dividing chromosomes leading to mitotic catastrophes or asymmetric partitions. Serial deletions of vimentin tail domain gradually impair cortical association and mitosis progression. Disruption of f-actin, but not of microtubules, causes vimentin bundling near the chromosomes. Pathophysiological stimuli, including HIV-protease and lipoxidation, induce similar alterations. Interestingly, full filament formation is dispensable for cortical association, which also occurs in vimentin particles. These results unveil implications of vimentin dynamics in cell division through its interplay with the actin cortex.
BES1 is activated by EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2-mediated signaling to control tapetum development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Weiyue , Lv Minghui , Wang Yanze , Wang Ping-An , Cui Yanwei , Li Meizhen , Wang Ruoshi , Gou Xiaoping , Li Jia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBES1 and BZR1 were originally identified as two key transcription factors specifically regulating brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated gene expression. They belong to a family consisting of six members, BES1, BZR1, BEH1, BEH2, BEH3, and BEH4. bes1 and bzr1 single mutants do not exhibit any characteristic BR phenotypes, suggesting functional redundancy of these proteins. Here, by generating higher order mutants, we show that a quintuple mutant is male sterile due to defects in tapetum and microsporocyte development in anthers. Our genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that BES1 family members also act as downstream transcription factors in the EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2 pathway. Ectopic expression of both TPD1 and EMS1 in bri1-116, a BR receptor null mutant, leads to the accumulation of non-phosphorylated, active BES1, similar to activation of BES1 by BRI1-BR-BAK1 signaling. These data suggest that two distinctive receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathways share BES1 family members as downstream transcription factors to regulate different aspects of plant development.
Distinct initiating events underpin the immune and metabolic heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Best Sarah A. , Ding Sheryl , Kersbergen Ariena , Dong Xueyi , Song Ji-Ying , Xie Yi , Reljic Boris , Li Kaiming , Vince James E. , Rathi Vivek , Wright Gavin M. , Ritchie Matthew E. , Sutherland Kate D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTheKRASoncoprotein, a critical driver in 33% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), has remained an elusive clinical target due to its perceived undruggable nature. The identification of dependencies borne through common co-occurring mutations are sought to more effectively targetKRAS-mutant lung cancer. Approximately 20% ofKRAS-mutant LUAD carry loss-of-function mutations inKEAP1, a negative regulator of the antioxidant response transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2. We demonstrate thatKeap1-deficientKrasG12Dlung tumors arise from a bronchiolar cell-of-origin, lacking pro-tumorigenic macrophages observed in tumors originating from alveolar cells.Keap1loss activates the pentose phosphate pathway, inhibition of which, using 6-AN, abrogated tumor growth. These studies highlight alternative therapeutic approaches to specifically target this unique subset ofKRAS-mutant LUAD cancers.
Thioketone-directed rhodium(I) catalyzed enantioselective C-H bond arylation of ferrocenes
Authors: Cai Zhong-Jian , Liu Chen-Xu , Wang Qiang , Gu Qing , You Shu-Li 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlanar chiral ferrocenes have received great attention in both academia and industry. Although remarkable progresses have been made over the past decade, the development of efficient and straightforward methods for the synthesis of enantiopure planar chiral ferrocenes remains highly challenging. Herein, we report a rhodium(I)/phosphonite catalyzed thioketone-directed enantioselective C-H bond arylation of ferrocenes. Readily available aryl iodides are used as the coupling partners in this transformation, leading to a series of planar chiral ferrocenes in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 86% yield, 99%ee). Of particular note, heteroaryl coupled ferrocenes, which are difficult to access with previous approaches, can be obtained in satisfactory results.
HNRNPK maintains epidermal progenitor function through transcription of proliferation genes and degrading differentiation promoting mRNAs
Authors: Li Jingting , Chen Yifang , Xu Xiaojun , Jones Jackson , Tiwari Manisha , Ling Ji , Wang Ying , Harismendy Olivier , Sen George L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaintenance of high-turnover tissues such as the epidermis requires a balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The molecular mechanisms governing this process are an area of investigation. Here we show that HNRNPK, a multifunctional protein, is necessary to prevent premature differentiation and sustains the proliferative capacity of epidermal stem and progenitor cells. To prevent premature differentiation of progenitor cells, HNRNPK is necessary for DDX6 to bind a subset of mRNAs that code for transcription factors that promote differentiation. Upon binding, these mRNAs such as GRHL3, KLF4, and ZNF750 are degraded through the mRNA degradation pathway, which prevents premature differentiation. To sustain the proliferative capacity of the epidermis, HNRNPK is necessary for RNA Polymerase II binding to proliferation/self-renewal genes such as MYC, CYR61, FGFBP1, EGFR, and cyclins to promote their expression. Our study establishes a prominent role for HNRNPK in maintaining adult tissue self-renewal through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Activated α2-Macroglobulin Regulates LRP1 Levels at the Plasma Membrane through the Activation of a Rab10-dependent Exocytic Pathway in Retinal Müller Glial Cells
Authors: Jaldín-Fincati Javier R. , Actis Dato Virginia , Díaz Nicolás M. , Sánchez María C. , Barcelona Pablo F. , Chiabrando Gustavo A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActivated α2-macroglobulin (α2M*) and its receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), have been linked to proliferative retinal diseases. In Müller glial cells (MGCs), the α2M*/LRP1 interaction induces cell signaling, cell migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling, processes closely associated with proliferative disorders. However, the mechanism whereby α2M* and LRP1 participate in the aforementioned pathologies remains incompletely elucidated. Here, we investigate whether α2M* regulates both the intracellular distribution and sorting of LRP1 to the plasma membrane (PM) and how this regulation is involved in the cell migration of MGCs. Using a human Müller glial-derived cell line, MIO-M1, we demonstrate that the α2M*/LRP1 complex is internalized and rapidly reaches early endosomes. Afterward, α2M* is routed to degradative compartments, while LRP1 is accumulated at the PM through a Rab10-dependent exocytic pathway regulated by PI3K/Akt. Interestingly, Rab10 knockdown reduces both LRP1 accumulation at the PM and cell migration of MIO-M1 cells induced by α2M*. Given the importance of MGCs in the maintenance of retinal homeostasis, unravelling this molecular mechanism can potentially provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
Validation of the GRade, Age, Nodes and Tumor (GRANT) score within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database: A new tool to predict survival in surgically treated renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Buti Sebastiano , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Bersanelli Melissa , Capitanio Umberto , Tian Zhe , Cortellini Alessio , Taguchi Satoru , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Leonardi Francesco , Bandini Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to validate the new GRade, Age, Nodes and Tumor (GRANT) score for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) prognostication within a large population of patients. Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified patients with either clear-cell or papillary RCC, who underwent nephrectomy between 2001 and 2015. Harrell’s C-Index, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to validate the GRANT model using a five-risk group stratification (0 vs. 1 vs. 2 vs. 3 vs. 4 risk factors). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) at 60 months. The analyses were repeated according to the histologic subgroup. The overall population included 73217 cases; 60900 with clear-cell RCC and 12317 with papillary histology, respectively. According to a five-risk group stratification, 23985 patients (32.8%) had no risk factor (0), 35019 (47.8%) had only one risk factor (1), 13275 (18.1%) had risk score 2, 854 (1.2%) had 3 risk factors and 84 (0.1%) of cases had a GRANT score of 4, respectively. At 60 months, OS rates as determined by the GRANT score were respectively 94% (score 0) vs. 86% (score 1) vs. 76% (score 2) vs. 46% (score 3) vs. 16% (score 4). In both histologic subtypes, the GRANT score yielded good calibration and high net benefit. OS C-Index values were 0.677 and 0.650 for clear-cell and papillary RCC at 60 months after surgery, respectively. In conclusion, the GRANT score was validated with a five-risk group stratification in a huge population from the SEER database, offering a further demonstration of its reliability for prognostication in RCC.
Magnetic Pendulum Arrays for Efficient ULF Transmission
Authors: M N Srinivas Prasad , Tok Rustu Umut , Fereidoony Foad , Wang Yuanxun Ethan , Zhu Rui , Propst Adam , Bland Scott 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe frequencies lying between 300 Hz to 3 kHz have been designated as Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) with corresponding wavelengths from 1000 Km to 100 Km. Although ULF has very low bandwidth it is very reliable, penetrating and difficult to jam which makes it a great choice for communication in underwater and underground environments. Small and portable ULF antennas within a diameter of 1 meter would operate under an electrical length on the order of 10−4 to 10−6 wavelengths in free space, making them very inefficient because of fundamental limits on radiation from electrically small antennas. To overcome this problem, Mechanical Antennas or ‘Mechtennas’ for Ultra Low Frequency Communications have been proposed recently. For efficient generation of ULF radiation, we propose a portable electromechanical system called a Magnetic Pendulum Array (MPA). A proof of concept demonstration of the system at 1.03 kHz is presented. The theory and experimental results demonstrate that such a system can achieve a significantly higher quality factor than conventional coils and thus order of magnitude higher transmission efficiency. The concept can be easily scaled to the ULF range of frequencies.
A subset of low density granulocytes is associated with vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Carrillo-López Natalia , Ulloa Catalina , Seijo Mariana , Rodríguez-García Minerva , Rodríguez-Suárez Carmen , Díaz-Corte Carmen , Cannata-Andía Jorge B. , Suárez Ana , Dusso Adriana S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInflammation is central to chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis and vascular outcomes, but the exact players remain unidentified. Since low density granulocytes (LDGs) are emerging mediators in inflammatory conditions, we aimed to evaluate whether LDGs may be altered in CKD and related to clinical outcomes as biomarkers. To his end, LDGs subsets were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in 33 CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 15 healthy controls (HC). Analyses were replicated in an additional cohort. DEF3 (marker of early granulopoiesis) gene expression on PBMCs was quantified by qPCR. Total CD15+LDGs and both CD14lowCD16+and CD14−CD16−subsets were expanded in CKD. The relative frequency of the CD14−CD16−subpopulation was higher among the CD15+pool in CKD. This alteration was stable over-time. The increased CD14−CD16−CD15+paralleled Kauppila scores and DEF3 expression, whereas no association was found with CD14lowCD16+CD15+. Both subsets differed in their CD11b, CD10, CD35, CD31, CD62L, IFNAR1 and CD68 expression, FSC/SSC features and nuclear morphology, pointing to different origins and maturation status. In conclusion, LDGs were expanded in CKD showing a skewed distribution towards a CD14−CD16−CD15+enrichment, in association with vascular calcification. DEF3 expression in PBMC can be a marker of LDG expansion.
Association of Maternal Preeclampsia with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Wen Yu-Hua , Yang Hwai-I. , Chou Hung-Chieh , Chen Chien-Yi , Hsieh Wu-Shiun , Tsou Kuo-Inn , Tsao Po-Nien ,   Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractPreeclampsia is a common cause of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity, but its relationship with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with data from very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants born in 1997–2014 from the database of the Premature Baby Foundation of Taiwan to evaluate the relationship between maternal preeclampsia and neonatal RDS. In total, 13,490 VLBW infants were enrolled, including 2200 (16.3%) infants born to preeclamptic mothers. The mean (standard deviation) gestational ages were 30.7 (2.5) weeks in the preeclamptic group and 28.6 (2.9) weeks in the control (non-preeclamptic) group. Severe RDS was defined according to the surfactant therapy requirement. The incidence of severe RDS was lower in infants exposed to maternal preeclampsia than in controls [28.9% vs. 44%; odds ratio (OR), 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.57]. However, after adjustment for confounders, the OR for severe RDS development in the preeclampsia group was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02–1.31). Other factors, such as gestational age, birth weight, female sex, and antenatal receipt of two or more steroid doses were significantly protective against RDS in multivariate regression analysis. This study revealed that maternal preeclampsia slightly increases the risk of severe RDS in VLBW infants.
Mechanical behaviour of alginate film with embedded voids under compression-decompression cycles
Authors: Banerjee Arindam , Ganguly Somenath 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVoids of 300 µm diameter were embedded uniformly as monolayer in alginate gel film using a fluidic device. Voids of these dimensions in biopolymer gel film are desired for better transport of bioactive species and cell colonization in engineered tissues. In this article, the role of embedded voids in reducing compressive stress, hysteresis, and time scale of reheal vis-a-vis expulsion of pore fluid and its reabsorption upon reversal of load are reviewed. The cyclic loading was conducted with varying amplitude and frequency. The irreversible changes, if any in the gel structure under extreme compression were analyzed. The rate of expulsion of aqueous phase directly relates to the permeability of the gel film that is estimated here using simplified momentum and volumetric balance equations. The decrease in permeability with deformation is analyzed further, and the contribution of voids in this regard is discussed.
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe3−xGeTe2
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Jun , Tao Jing , Zhu Yimei , Petrovic Cedomir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present a comprehensive study on anisotropic magnetocaloric porperties of the van der Waals weak-itinerant ferromagnet Fe3−xGeTe2 that features gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in few-layer device. Intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy is observed to be temperature-dependent and most likely favors the long-range magnetic order in thin Fe3−xGeTe2 crsytal. The magnetic entropy change ΔSM also reveals an anisotropic characteristic between H//ab and H//c, which could be well scaled into a universal curve. The peak value $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−ΔSMmax of 1.20 J kg−1 K−1 and the corresponding adiabatic temperature change ΔTad of 0.66 K are deduced from heat capacity with out-of-plane field change of 5 T. By fitting of the field-dependent parameters of $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−ΔSMmax and the relative cooling power RCP, it gives $$-{\rm{\triangle }}{S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−∆SMmax ∝ Hn with n = 0.603(6) and RCP ∝ Hm with m = 1.20(1) when H//c. Given the high and tunable Tc, Fe3−xGeTe2 crystals are of interest for fabricating the heterostructure-based spintronics device.
Capuchin and rhesus monkeys but not humans show cognitive flexibility in an optional-switch task
Authors: Watzek Julia , Pope Sarah M. , Brosnan Sarah F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLearned rules help us accurately solve many problems, but by blindly following a strategy, we sometimes fail to find more efficient alternatives. Previous research found that humans are more susceptible to this “cognitive set” bias than other primates in a nonverbal computer task. We modified the task to test one hypothesis for this difference, that working memory influences the advantage of taking a shortcut. During training, 60 humans, 7 rhesus macaques, and 22 capuchin monkeys learned to select three icons in sequence. They then completed 96 baseline trials, in which only this learned rule could be used, and 96 probe trials, in which they could also immediately select the final icon. Rhesus and capuchin monkeys took this shortcut significantly more often than humans. Humans used the shortcut more in this new, easier task than in previous work, but started using it significantly later than the monkeys. Some participants of each species also used an intermediate strategy; they began the learned rule but switched to the shortcut after selecting the first item in the sequence. We suggest that these species differences arise from differences in rule encoding and in the relative efficiency of exploiting a familiar strategy versus exploring alternatives.