bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade and overcoming land constraints in British industrialization: an empirical assessment
Authors: Theodoridis Dimitrios , Warde Paul , Kander Astrid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLand was an unambiguous constraint for growth in the pre-industrial period. In Britain it was overcome partly through the transition from traditional land-based goods to coal (vertical expansion) and partly through accessing overseas land, primarily from colonies (horizontal expansion). Kenneth Pomeranz suggested that horizontal expansion may have outweighed vertical expansion in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Taking a more complete approach to trade, we find that Britain was a net exporter of land embodied in traded commodities, apart from in the early nineteenth century, when potash (rather than cotton or timber) constituted the major land-demanding import from North America. The vertical expansion was generally larger than the horizontal expansion. In other words, Britain was not simply appropriating flows of land and resources from abroad but simultaneously providing its trading partners with even more land-expanding resources.
The transformation of the global palm oil cluster: dynamics of cluster competition between Africa and Southeast Asia (c.1900–1970)
Authors: Giacomin Valeria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explains the rise of palm oil as a global commodity during the twentieth century as the result of cooperation and competition between two different clusters in former colonial territories. The connection between these two locations was mediated by Western companies, colonial officials, scientists, and businessmen. Eventually, the Southeast Asian cluster, organized on estate lines inherited from rubber, outcompeted the old one in Africa, mostly based on the farming of semi-wild trees. The article investigates the activities of scientists and businessmen exchanging information, knowledge, and practice between Africa and Asia for almost a century. It shows that cooperation among communities of practice helped to advance palm oil knowledge, but also created increased rivalry between the two locations. Thanks to the mobility of experts, and to knowledge exchange in colonial and early postcolonial times, multinationals were able to replicate clusters across locations with similar climate, taking advantage of a business environment more conducive to foreign investment.
Writing Spanish history in the global age: connections and entanglements in the nineteenth century
Authors: Luengo Jorge , Dalmau Pol 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModern Spain has remained largely absent from the debates and narratives of global history. In sharp contrast to the early modern period, the case of Spain in the nineteenth century has been overwhelmingly studied from regional and national perspectives. Fortunately, valuable efforts to integrate this country into wider frames of analysis have emerged in the last decade. Building on these writings, this article will argue that connections and entanglements represent two valuable perspectives, which allow the insertion of the Spanish experience into contemporary narratives of global history. The article has two aims. First, it seeks to ‘decentre’ modern Spain, by moving beyond its territorial borders within the Iberian Peninsula, and by examining its global dimensions, through connections with territories, colonies, and nations on several continents. Second, it aims to reveal valuable insights for current debates on global history, which arise from a focus on a country that is usually considered to have been both marginal and peripheral.
Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy and childhood health outcomes: a narrative review
Authors: Vehmeijer F. O. L. , Guxens M. , Duijts L. , El Marroun H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaternal psychological distress is common in pregnancy and may influence the risk of adverse outcomes in children. Psychological distress may cause a suboptimal intrauterine environment leading to growth and developmental adaptations of the fetus and child. In this narrative review, we examined the influence of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy on fetal outcomes and child cardiometabolic, respiratory, atopic and neurodevelopment-related health outcomes. We discussed these findings from an epidemiological and life course perspective and provided recommendations for future studies. The literature in the field of maternal psychological distress and child health outcomes is extensive and shows that exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with multiple adverse child health outcomes. Because maternal psychological distress is an important and potential modifiable factor during pregnancy, it should be a target for prevention strategies in order to optimize fetal and child health. Future studies should use innovative designs and strategies in order to address the issue of causality.
Infrasonic Early Warning System for Explosive Eruptions
Authors: Ripepe M. , Marchetti E. , Delle Donne D. , Genco R. , Innocenti L. , Lacanna G. , Valade S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExplosive volcanic eruptions can eject large amounts of ash into the atmosphere, posing a serious threat to populations living near the volcano. The abrupt occurrence of such events requires a rapid response and proper volcanic hazard evaluation. Current monitoring procedures still require human intervention, which often results in significant delays between the occurrence of an eruption and notifications being dispatched. We show how dedicated infrasound array processing can be used to detect and notify the authorities, automatically and in real time, of the onset of explosive eruptions. Conceptually, our method relies on the strong coupling between infrasound and the explosive process, and it is not based on probabilistic considerations but on the ability infrasound has to detect the early stage of the explosive phase. This procedure has been tested for the last 8 years, and it is currently applied to issue early warnings for explosive eruptions at Etna Volcano. We show that the system is able to provide a prealert ~1 hr before the eruption, and it has a 96.6% success rate, with only 1.7% false positive alerts and no false negative alerts. This is, to our knowledge, the first example of an operational early warning system totally based on an unsupervised algorithm that provides automatic notifications of eruptions to a government agency. We show that the same early warning concept might be applicable to arrays at large distances (>500 km), suggesting that infrasound could be successfully used to issue automatic notifications of ongoing eruptions at regional to global scales.
Quantification of Ocean Mass Change Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, Satellite Altimeter, and Argo Floats Observations
Authors: Chen Jianli , Tapley Byron , Save Himanshu , Tamisiea Mark E. , Bettadpur Srinivas , Ries John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analyze global mean ocean mass (GMOM) change over the 12‐year period (January 2005 to December 2016) using three different Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) RL05 monthly time‐variable gravity solutions and compare GRACE results with independent observations from satellite altimeter and Argo floats (i.e., Altimeter‐Argo). The new results from both GRACE and Altimeter‐Argo show substantially larger GMOM rates than previous estimates, attributed to increased ice losses over land in recent years. Altimeter measurements show an average sea level rise rate of 3.87 ± 0.16 mm/year over the 12‐year period, with 1.12 ± 0.08 mm/year driven by steric effect based on Argo observations. GRACE‐observed ocean mass change agrees well with Altimeter‐Argo estimates at seasonal time scales, but notable discrepancies exist at long‐term time scales. GRACE‐estimated GMOM rates, ranging from 2.17 ± 0.12 to 2.39 ± 0.12 mm/year, are notably smaller than the Altimeter‐Argo estimate of 2.75 ± 0.18 mm/year. However, when GRACE degree‐2 zonal terms are retained (instead of being replaced by satellite laser ranging measurements), the forward modeled GRACE GMOM rate is 2.70 ± 0.16 mm/year, consistent with the Altimeter‐Argo estimate. Accurate quantification of GMOM change using GRACE is challenging and relies on accurate correction for contributions from geocenter motion and Earth oblateness change using independent observations and the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment effect using model predictions. Our analysis indicates that long‐term geocenter motion alone may contribute ~0.3 mm/year to GRACE GMOM rates, and different data processing methods have notable effect on GRACE GMOM estimates.
On the Dynamic Fragmentation and Lubrication of Coseismic Landslides
Authors: Zhao Tao , Crosta Giovanni Battista 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe three‐dimensional discrete element method has been employed to analyze the dynamic fragmentation and lubrication mechanisms of coseismic Tangjiashan landslide induced by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The numerical results show that the internal rock damage occurs and propagates gradually along the basal failure plane due to seismic shaking. At the peak seismic shaking, a sudden increase of tensile and shear stresses can lead to the complete breakage of basal bonds. This is associated with a sudden relief of overburden stress and rapid decrease of basal stress ratio. Thus, the slope fails as a whole and moves quickly downslope. In this process, several large transversal cracks develop at the middle and upper rear regions, disintegrating the slope mass into several large blocks. During landslide propagation, the thickness of basal fragmented layer increases progressively due to intense shearing, and the basal stress ratio reduces accordingly from 0.68 to 0.28. The reduction of landslide basal stress ratio occurs when the strong basal resistance is overcome by seismic‐ and gravity‐induced shear forces together with intense particle rearrangements. It can be quantified by vibrational and rotational granular temperatures of the basal shear layer, with the peak values of 35.2 and 11.6 m2/s2, respectively. The widespread internal slope fragmentation and subsequent lubrication have been identified as the key mechanisms governing landslide motion, which appear to be the intrinsic features of landslide irrespective of its triggering mechanism. The seismic shaking is more relevant to the detachment than to the spreading of landslide mass.
On the Physics of the Inner‐Core Wobble; Corrections to “Dynamics of the Inner‐Core Wobble Under Mantle‐Inner‐Core Gravitational Interactions” by B. F. Chao
Authors: Rochester M. G. , Crossley D. J. , Chao B. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe original paper by Chao (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014405), denoted C17, derived the period of the Earth's free inner‐core wobble (ICW) with a result which was both retrograde and substantially longer than the prograde period derived by previous authors. Here we correct major errors in C17, bringing the result into better agreement with previous derivations, and clarify the role of the various torques on the Earth's inner core (IC) as presented in C17. One serious discrepancy was the magnitude of
, the zonal quadrupole of the mantle mass distribution, which is incorrectly evaluated in C17, with a value too large compared to those that have been previously well established for a hydrostatic Earth model. Moreover, an error in the kinematics of the ICW in C17 leads to a wrong sign for the gravitational torque exerted by the mantle on the IC. The combination of these errors led to the erroneous conclusion that the ICW is retrograde, with a much longer period (−15.6 yr) compared to previous derivations, which showed it to be prograde with a period of about +7 yr. In correcting C17, we elucidate the complete torque balance involved in the ICW.
Sensitivity of the Amazonian Convective Diurnal Cycle to Its Environment in Observations and Reanalysis
Authors: Itterly Kyle F. , Taylor Patrick C. , Dodson Jason Brant 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtmospheric model parameterizations of tropical deep convection struggle to reproduce the observed diurnal variability of convection in the Amazon leading to climatological biases in the energy budget and water cycle. To identify the physical process contributions to these biases, we analyze the relationships between the convective diurnal cycle and atmosphere state variables relevant to convection in the Amazon using satellite observations and reanalysis data sets for wet and dry seasons between 2002 and 2016 and two Green Ocean Amazon periods. The analysis first stratifies the diurnal cycle into convective and nonconvective days using a daily maximum rain rate threshold of 0.5 mm/hr. Second, the population of days is constrained by requiring reanalysis and observations to agree on the occurrence of convective rain rates, controlling for frequency‐dependent biases in convection. The model‐generated precipitation phase in Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications‐2 is closer to observations than ERA during 2002–2016, which exhibits a systematic noontime bias and exaggerated diurnal amplitude. Despite the systematic noontime precipitation bias, ERA produces better agreement with Green Ocean Amazon observations due to the frequent midmorning arrival of the coastal front acting to shift the observed diurnal cycle closer to noon. Model disagreement between middle‐tropospheric vertical velocity is largest overnight during the dissipation stage of convection, acting to sustain biases through radiative effects. Specifically, the slower dissipation of convection in Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications‐2 acts to reduce morning surface fluxes and increase convective inhibition, whereas enhanced nocturnal midtropospheric subsidence and higher boundary layer humidity in ERA reduce morning convective inhibition leading to an earlier initiation of afternoon deep convection.
The Relative Influence of Storm and Landscape Characteristics on Shallow Groundwater Responses in Forested Headwater Catchments
Authors: Singh Nitin K. , Emanuel Ryan E. , Nippgen Fabian , McGlynn Brian L. , Miniat Chelcy F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShallow groundwater responses to rainfall in forested headwaters can be highly variable, but their relative strengths of influences remain poorly understood. We investigated the roles of storms and landscape characteristics on short‐term, shallow groundwater responses to rainfall in forested headwater catchments. We used field observations of shallow groundwater combined with random forest modeling to identify the factors that affect shallow groundwater responses and the relative influences of key response drivers. We found that the rainfall thresholds required for groundwater responses were only met by the largest quartile of events, suggesting that most events contributed to unsaturated soil storage or were lost to evaporation. Significantly higher rainfall thresholds and longer response times for south facing catchments as opposed to north facing catchments highlighted the role of insolation in setting antecedent conditions that influenced the groundwater response. During storms, there were significantly larger increases in water table height in catchments dominated by coniferous forests compared to deciduous forests, indicating that local spatial characteristics of hillslopes could be more important factors for groundwater response than catchment wetness. The random‐forest analysis revealed that total rainfall amount had the greatest influence on most groundwater responses, but the relative influence of topography and local antecedent wetness was more pronounced as events progressed, indicating a shift in hydrological processes during different stages of the groundwater response. These results have implications for our understanding of runoff generation processes, including processes that determine hydrologic connectivity between stream and hillslopes.
YAP1 enhances NF-κB-dependent and independent effects on clock-mediated unfolded protein responses and autophagy in sarcoma
Authors: Rivera-Reyes Adrian , Ye Shuai , E. Marino Gloria , Egolf Shaun , E. Ciotti Gabrielle , Chor Susan , Liu Ying , Posimo Jessica M. , Park Paul M. C. , Pak Koreana , Babichev Yael , Sostre-Colón Jaimarie , Tameire Feven , Leli Nektaria Maria , Koumenis Constantinos , C. Brady Donita , Mancuso Anthony , Weber Kristy , Gladdy Rebecca , Qi Jun , Eisinger-Mathason T. S. Karin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTerminal differentiation opposes proliferation in the vast majority of tissue types. As a result, loss of lineage differentiation is a hallmark of aggressive cancers, including soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Consistent with these observations, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), an STS subtype devoid of lineage markers, is among the most lethal sarcomas in adults. Though tissue-specific features are lost in these mesenchymal tumors they are most commonly diagnosed in skeletal muscle, and are thought to develop from transformed muscle progenitor cells. We have found that a combination of HDAC (Vorinostat) and BET bromodomain (JQ1) inhibition partially restores differentiation to skeletal muscle UPS cells and tissues, enforcing a myoblast-like identity. Importantly, differentiation is partially contingent upon downregulation of the Hippo pathway transcriptional effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Previously, we observed that Vorinostat/JQ1 inactivates YAP1 and restores oscillation of NF-κB in differentiating myoblasts. These effects correlate with reduced tumorigenesis, and enhanced differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which the Hippo/NF-κB axis impact differentiation remained unknown. Here, we report that YAP1 and NF-κB activity suppress circadian clock function, inhibiting differentiation and promoting proliferation. In most tissues, clock activation is antagonized by the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, skeletal muscle differentiation requires both Clock and UPR activity, suggesting the molecular link between them is unique in muscle. In skeletal muscle-derived UPS, we observed that YAP1 suppresses PERK and ATF6-mediated UPR target expression as well as clock genes. These pathways govern metabolic processes, including autophagy, and their disruption shifts metabolism toward cancer cell-associated glycolysis and hyper-proliferation. Treatment with Vorinostat/JQ1 inhibited glycolysis/MTOR signaling, activated the clock, and upregulated the UPR and autophagy via inhibition of YAP1/NF-κB. These findings support the use of epigenetic modulators to treat human UPS. In addition, we identify specific autophagy, UPR, and muscle differentiation-associated genes as potential biomarkers of treatment efficacy and differentiation.
PEGylated liposome-encapsulated rhenium-188 radiopharmaceutical inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human head and neck cancer cells in vivo with repeated therapy
Authors: Chang Chun-Yuan , Chen Chao-Cheng , Lin Liang-Ting , Chang Chih-Hsien , Chen Liang-Cheng , Wang Hsin-Ell , Lee Te-Wei , Lee Yi-Jang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually treated with chemoradiotherapy, but the therapeutic efficacy could be hampered by intrinsic radioresistance and early relapse. Repeated administrations of rhenium-188 (188Re)-conjugated radiopharmaceutical has been reported to escalate the radiation doses for better control of advanced human cancers. Here we found that high dosage of 188Re-liposome, the liposome-encapsulated 188Re nanoparticles exhibited significant killing effects on HNSCC FaDu cells and SAS cells but not on OECM-1 cells. To investigate the biological and pharmaceutical responses of high 188Re-liposomal dosage in vivo, repeated doses of 188Re-liposome was injected into the orthotopic tumor model. FaDu cells harboring luciferase reporter genes were implanted in the buccal positions of nude mice followed by intravenous injection of 188Re-liposome. The Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) was performed to demonstrate an increased accumulation of 188Re-liposome in the tumor lesion of nude mice with repeated doses compared to a single dose. Repeated doses also enhanced tumor growth delay and elongated the survival of tumor-bearing mice. These observations were associated with significant loss of Ki-67 proliferative marker and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in excised tumor cells. The body weights of mice were not significantly changed using different doses of 188Re-liposome, yet repeated doses led to lower blood counts than a single dose. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the internal circulation of repeated 188Re-liposomal therapy was elongated. The biodistribution analysis also demonstrated that accumulations of 188Re-liposome in tumor lesions and bone marrow were increased using repeated doses. The absorbed dose of repeated doses over a single dose was about twofold estimated for a 1 g tumor. Together, these data suggest that the radiopharmacotherapy of 188Re-liposome can enhance tumor suppression, survival extension, and internal circulation without acute toxicity using repeated administrations.
High precision FRET studies reveal reversible transitions in nucleosomes between microseconds and minutes
Authors: Gansen Alexander , Felekyan Suren , Kühnemuth Ralf , Lehmann Kathrin , Tóth Katalin , Seidel Claus A. M. , Langowski Jörg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNucleosomes play a dual role in compacting the genome and regulating the access to DNA. To unravel the underlying mechanism, we study fluorescently labeled mononucleosomes by multi-parameter FRET measurements and characterize their structural and dynamic heterogeneity upon NaCl-induced destabilization. Species-selective fluorescence lifetime analysis and dynamic photon distribution analysis reveal intermediates during nucleosome opening and lead to a coherent structural and kinetic model. In dynamic octasomes and hexasomes the interface between the H2A-H2B dimers and the (H3-H4)2 tetramer opens asymmetrically by an angle of ≈20° on a 50 and 15 µs time scale, respectively. This is followed by a slower stepwise release of the dimers coupled with DNA unwrapping. A mutation (H2A-R81A) at the interface between H2A and H3 facilitates initial opening, confirming the central role of the dimer:tetramer interface for nucleosome stability. Partially opened states such as those described here might serve as convenient nucleation sites for DNA-recognizing proteins.
Structural basis of Gip1 for cytosolic sequestration of G protein in wide-range chemotaxis
Authors: Miyagawa Takero , Koteishi Hiroyasu , Kamimura Yoichiro , Miyanaga Yukihiro , Takeshita Kohei , Nakagawa Atsushi , Ueda Masahiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractG protein interacting protein 1 (Gip1) binds and sequesters heterotrimeric G proteins in the cytosolic pool, thus regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling for eukaryotic chemotaxis. Here, we report the underlying structural basis of Gip1 function. The crystal structure reveals that the region of Gip1 that binds to the G protein has a cylinder-like fold with a central hydrophobic cavity composed of six α-helices. Mutagenesis and biochemical analyses indicate that the hydrophobic cavity and the hydrogen bond network at the entrance of the cavity are essential for complex formation with the geranylgeranyl modification on the Gγ subunit. Mutations of the cavity impair G protein sequestration and translocation to the membrane from the cytosol upon receptor stimulation, leading to defects in chemotaxis at higher chemoattractant concentrations. These results demonstrate that the Gip1-dependent regulation of G protein shuttling ensures wide-range gradient sensing in eukaryotic chemotaxis.