bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of selection for resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats
Authors: Estrada-Reyes Zaira Magdalena , Tsukahara Yoko , Amadeu Rodrigo R. , Goetsch Arthur L. , Gipson Terry A. , Sahlu Tilahun , Puchala Richard , Wang Zaisen , Hart Steve P. , Mateescu Raluca G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) is the most important disease affecting the small ruminant industry in U.S. The environmental conditions in the southern United States are ideal for the survival of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus . Host genetic variation for resistance to H. contortus allows selective breeding for increased resistance of animals. This selection process increases the prevalence of particular alleles in sheep and goats and creates unique genetic patterns in the genome of these species. The aim of this study was to identify loci with divergent allelic frequencies in a candidate gene panel of 100 genes using two different approaches (frequentist and Bayesian) to estimate F st outliers in three different breeds of sheep and goats exposed to H. contortus .

Results: Our results for sheep populations showed SNPs under selection in C3AR1 , CSF3 , SOCS2 , NOS2 , STAT5B , TGFB2 and IL2RA genes using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. For goats, SNPs in CD1D , ITGA9 , IL12A , IL13RA1, CD86 and TGFB2 genes were under selection. Common signatures of selection in both species were observed in NOS2 , TGFB2 and TLR4 genes. Directional selection was present in all SNPs evaluated in the present study.

Conclusions: A total of 13 SNPs within 10 genes of our candidate gene panel related to H. contortus exposure were identified under selection in sheep populations. For goats, 11 SNPs within 7 genes were identified under selection. Results from this study support the hypothesis that resistance to H. contortus is likely to be controlled by many loci. Shared signatures of selection related to mechanisms of immune protection against H. contortus infection in sheep and goats could be useful targets in breeding programs aimed to produce resistant animals with low FEC.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptome profiling reveal that E3 ubiquitin ligase genes relevant to ethylene, auxin and abscisic acid are differentially expressed in the fruits of melting flesh and stony hard peach varieties
Authors: Tan Bin , Lian Xiaodong , Cheng Jun , Zeng Wenfang , Zheng Xianbo , Wang Wei , Ye Xia , Li Jidong , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Langlang , Feng Jiancan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Ubiquitin ligases (E3) are the enzymes in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway responsible for targeting proteins to the degradation pathway and play major roles in multiple biological activities. However, the E3 family is still yet to be identified, and the functions of E3 ligase genes on fruit flesh are unknown in peach.
Results: In this study, genome-wide identification, classification and characterization of the E3 ligase genes within the genome of peach (Prunus persica) was carried out. In total, 765 E3 (PpE3) ligase genes were identified in the peach genome. The PpE3 ligase genes were divided into eight subfamilies according to the presence of known functional domains. The RBX subfamily was not detected in peach. The PpE3 ligase genes were not randomly distributed among the 8 chromosomes, with a greater concentration on the longer chromosomes. The primary mode of gene duplication of the PpE3 ligase genes was dispersed gene duplication (DSD). Four subgroups of the BTB subfamily never characterized before were newly identified in peach, namely BTBAND, BTBBL, BTBP and BTBAN. The expression patterns of the identified E3 ligase genes in two peach varieties that display different types of fruit softening (melting flesh, MF, and stony hard, SH) were analyzed at 4 different stages of ripening using Illumina technology. Among the 765 PpE3 ligase genes, 515 (67.3%) were expressed (FPKM >1) in the fruit of either MF or SH during fruit ripening. In same-stage comparisons, 231 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two peach cultivars. The number of DEGs in each subfamily varied. Most DEGs were members of the BTB, F-box, U-box and RING subfamilies. PpE3 ligase genes predicted to be involved in ethylene, auxin, or ABA synthesis or signaling and DNA methylation were differentially regulated. Eight PpE3 ligase genes with possible roles in peach flesh texture and fruit ripening were discussed.
Conclusions: The results of this study provide useful information for further understanding the functional roles of the ubiquitin ligase genes in peach. The findings also provide the first clues that E3 ligase genes may function in the regulation of peach ripening.
Constructing an Experiential Education Model in Undergraduate Radiology Education by the Utilization of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
Authors: Chen Yingqian , Zheng Keguo , Ye Shanshan , Wang Jifei , Xu Ling , Li Ziping , Meng Quanfei , Yang Jianyong , Feng Shiting 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Medical education in China is in a transitional period changing from passive learning to experiential education models. We have modified an experiential education method for radiology education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of this method on undergraduate radiology education.
Methods
With the help of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and RadiAnt DICOM Viewer, we have modified an experiential education method that simulates similar working conditions for undergraduate medical students to take on the role as clinical radiologists and formulate radiology diagnosis. A total of 101 students were allocated into either the experiential education group or the control group. The final examination scores and a 5-point Likert scale self-assessment questionnaire of radiologic skills were collected from all the students as an objective assessment and a subjective assessment respectively. A questionnaire was also used to assess the satisfaction with the experiential model in the experiential education group. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the ranked data, and t -tests were used to compare the numeric data.
Results
The experiential education group demonstrated significantly higher scores (7.4±1.3) in the short answer type questions on imaging “description and diagnosis” when compared to the control group (6.7±1.5, p <0.05). The self-assessment questionnaire indicated that the experiential education corresponded to an increased familiarity with the diagnostic principles, the imaging sequences and reconstruction methods of computer tomography (CT), which also strengthen participants’ confidence to perform future clinical work (p <0.05). The self-assessment questionnaire from the experiential education group showed great satisfaction with the organization (82.5%), interactivity (85%) and quality (85%) of the learning activity in majority of students. Most students found this model of learning to be helpful for studying radiology (85%) and for understanding anatomy (90%).
Conclusion
Compared with the traditional radiology education approach, the experiential education model showed greater efficacy in improving students’ analytical and diagnostic skills as well as clinical confidence.
Field and greenhouse evaluations of soil suppressiveness to Heterodera glycines in the Midwest corn-soybean production systems
Authors: Hu Weiming , Kidane Eyob , Neher Deborah A. , Chen Senyu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Soil suppressive to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major yield-limiting pathogen of soybean, plays an important role in biological control. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of tillage, crop sequence, and biocide application on SCN suppression in corn-soybean cropping systems in Minnesota. The experiment was a split-plot design with no-tillage and conventional tillage as main plots, and six crop-biocide treatments (CRCS, CSCS, SSSS, SSSS + streptomycin, SSSS + captan, and SSSS + formaldehyde – the four letters represent crops in 2009 to 2012, respectively; C is corn, R is SCN-resistant soybean, and S is SCN-susceptible soybean) as subplots with four replicates. Soil samples were taken from each plot at planting, midseason, and harvest each year for SCN egg counts, and soybean yield was determined. In addition, soil samples collected from each plot at midseason were assayed for suppressiveness to SCN. Tillage had minimal effect on SCN population density and soybean yield. Annual rotation with corn reduced SCN population density, but also reduced soil suppressiveness as SCN egg population density increased in the following SCN-susceptible soybean compared with soybean monoculture. Rotation with SCN-resistant soybean and corn was the most effective in reducing SCN population density. The bactericide streptomycin did not affect SCN populations but the fungicide captan increased SCN population density. The biocide formaldehyde was the most effective in reducing the level of suppressiveness to SCN. The greenhouse study confirmed that the soil was suppressive to SCN, but failed to detect effects of tillage, crop sequence, and biocide field treatments. This study demonstrated that the soil in the fields was suppressive to the SCN, and biological agents, especially fungal antagonists, were involved in nematode suppression.
The Draft Genome of Deladenus siricidicola
Authors: Postma Alisa , Mlonyeni X. Osmond , Clasen Frederick , Joubert Fourie , Slippers Bernard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The nematode Deladenus siricidicola is used as biological control agent against the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio, a serious invasive pest of Pinus plantations globally. The draft genome of this ecologically and economically important entomoparasitic nematode was determined.
Integrative taxonomy of Xiphinema histriae and Xiphinema lapidosum from Spain
Authors: Cai Ruihang , Archidona-Yuste Antonio , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Zheng Jingwu , Castillo Pablo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Three populations of Xiphinema non-americanum group species were detected in agricultural and natural ecosystems, during routine surveys for plant-parasitic nematodes in Spain. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the species were identified as Xiphinema histriae and Xiphinema lapidosum, being this the first record and molecular characterization of both species in Spain. The morphometrics and morphology of the Spanish populations agree with those of the original description and paratype specimens and the present study provided a first description of the second to fourth juvenile stages of both species. A detailed study on the morphology in the Spanish populations of X. histriae, as well as in paratypes, showed a pseudo-Z-organ with weakly muscularized wall and containing numerous small dense granular bodies, which was different to the original description by Lamberti et al. (1993). This new finding suggests that X. histriae must be considered a member of the morphospecies Group 5 of X. non-americanum. Phylogenetic analysis based on D2 to D3 expansion segments of 28S gene, ITS1 and partial CoxI gene indicated that X. histriae and X. lapidosum are phylogenetically related with other Xiphinema non-americanum group spp. reported from Spain. Considering the pathological and economic importance of this group of nematodes, the combination of morphological characters, measurements, and molecular analysis is crucial for accurate identification of these species.
Screening of Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata Genotypes for Resistance Against Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci
Authors: Aydınlı Gökhan , Kurtar Ertan Sait , Mennan Sevilhan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The host response of fifteen winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) and five pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) dihaploid genotypes to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci was screened in pot experiments. Root galling and nematode reproduction were detected in all combinations of plant genotype and nematode species. Ten genotypes of C. maxima and three genotypes of C. moschata were considered highly resistant (<10% of the susceptible genotype) or moderately resistant (<50% of the susceptible genotype) to one or more Meloidogyne species based on nematode reproduction as a percentage of the most susceptible genotype. Genotypes 55CA15-A3 and G14-IP1 of C. maxima were highly resistant to M. luci and M. arenaria, respectively. Both 14BO01-O2 and G9-A4 genotypes of C. moschata were considered highly resistant to M. arenaria. However, these genotypes still allowed significant nematode reproduction because egg number per plant was higher than initial number of eggs used as inoculum, indicating that all genotypes were hosts.
First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis Infecting Guardian® Peach Rootstock in South Carolina, USA
Authors: Reighard Gregory L. , Henderson William G. , Scott Sarah O. , Subbotin Sergei. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In 2018 to 2019, soil and root samples from some declining peach orchards were collected in Edgefield County, South Carolina, USA. Excavated roots of Guardian® peach (Prunus persica) rootstock showed strong gall symptoms. Extracted root-knot nematodes (RKN) were identified by both morphological and molecular methods as M. floridensis. This is the first detection of the peach RKN in South Carolina and the third state in the USA after Florida and California.
First Report of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958 and Occurrence of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 in Belgium
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tien , Trinh Quang Phap , Couvreur Marjolein , Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Decraemer Wilfrida , Bert Wim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A study of plant-parasitic nematodes in the Botanical garden at Ghent University in Belgium revealed the presence of two tropical nematode species, i.e. Scutellonema brachyurus and Meloidogyne incognita. Scutellonema brachyurus was recovered, only once, for the first time in Belgium from Musa basjoo and is morphologically characterized. M. incognita, forming galls on Hedychium greenii, was recovered in all seasons over three consecutive years and is morphologically and molecularly characterized. Although no unequivocal evidence was found to indicate that these nematodes pose a current threat in Belgium, in the light of climate change, it is crucial to improve our knowledge of potential tropical nematode activity in more Northern countries.
Estrategias socioafectivas factibles de aplicar en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Morales Salas Rubí Estela , Curiel Peón Laura 
Published: September 2019

Este artículo se relaciona con las estrategias socioafectivas factibles de aplicarse en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje (AVA) para optimizar el proceso formativo y el desarrollo moral y profesional de estudiantes y profesores.
Mediante el método de análisis de contenido y un diagrama de Pareto, se identificaron algunas estrategias socioafectivas que, de acuerdo con la percepción de los participantes, son factibles de aplicarse en AVA.
Según resultados el 70 y 100 por ciento de los asesores, identificaron 11 estrategias de un total de 15, con alta importancia para aplicarlas en su proceso virtual de enseñanza aprendizaje.
Las autoras consideran que esos resultados serán útiles en futuros estudios relacionados con las necesidades socioafectivas de los estudiantes que optan por modalidad virtual, así como para identificar necesidades de formación docente referidas a la educación socioafectiva.
TÜRK TOPLUMUNDA SURİYELİLERE YÖNELİK ALGILANAN TEHDİTLER VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: EKİCİ Hatice 
Published: September 2019

Suriye
krizinin patlak vermesiyle birlikte, dünya genelinde başka bir ülkeye sığınma
talebinde bulunan mültecilerin sayısında büyük oranda artış meydana gelmiştir.
Takip ettiği açık kapı politikasıyla, Suriye krizinden en çok etkilenen
ülkelerin başında Türkiye gelmiş, ve en çok Suriyeli mülteciyi ağırlayan ülke
konumuna dönüşmüştür. Başlarda Türk toplumunun Suriyeli mültecilere karşı
tutumları misafirperverlik anlayışından yola çıkarak pozitifken, Suriyelilerin
sayılarının ve kalış sürelerinin artmasıyla birlikte, bu tutum yerini yabancı
düşmanlığı güden tutumlara bırakmıştır. Alanyazında ki çalışmalar, göçmenlere ve
mültecilere yönelik negatif tutum ve davranışların altında yatan en önemli
faktörlerden birinin tehdit algısı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makalede,
Türk toplumunun Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik tehdit algıları ele alınmış olup,
bu tehdit algıları Bütünleşik Tehdit Kuramı, Sistemi Sürdürme Kuramı, Bileşik
Araçsal Grup Çatışma Modeli ve Hastalıktan Kaçınma Modeli çerçevesinde
açıklanmıştır. Türk toplumunun Suriyeli mültecileri 3 farklı alanda tehdit
olarak gördüğü sonucuna varılmıştır: (1) Kültürel ve toplumsal, (2) ekonomik,
(3) temel hizmet alanlarına erişim. Toplumdaki
tehdit algıları incelendikten sonra, bu tehdit algılarının sebep olabileceği
çatışma alanları ele alınmış, ve toplumsal uyum için çözüm önerileri
sunulmuştur.
Chaperones Promote Remarkable Solubilization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Flagellin Expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bakhtiarvand Bahador , Sadeghi Zahra , Tarahomjoo Shirin , Yaghmaie Soheila 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Flagellin of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SEF) stimulates
immune responses to both itself and coapplied antigens. It is therefore used in vaccine development
and immunotherapy. Removal of pathogenic S. enterica ser. Enteritidis from SEF production
process is advantageous due to the process safety improvement. The protein solubility analysis
using SDS-PAGE indicated that 53.49% of SEF expressed in Escherichia coli formed inclusion
bodies. However, the protein recovery from inclusion bodies requires a complex process with a low
yield.

Objective:
We thus aim to study possibility of enhancing SEF expression in E. coli in soluble form
using chemical and molecular chaperones.

Methods:
Chemical chaperones including arginine, sorbitol, trehalose, sodium chloride and benzyl
alcohol were used as cultivation medium additives during SEF expression. SEF solubilization by
coexpression of molecular chaperones DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE was also investigated.

Results:
All of the chemical chaperones were effective in improving SEF solubility. However,
sorbitol showed the most profound effect. SEF solubilization by molecular chaperones was slightly
better than that using sorbitol and this approach enhanced noticeably SEF soluble concentration and
SEF solubility percentage to almost two folds and 96.37% respectively. Results of limited
proteolysis assay and native PAGE indicated similar conformational states and proper folding for
SEF obtained without using chaperones and for those obtained using sorbitol and the molecular
chaperones. However, the molecular chaperones based system was less costly than the sorbitol
based system.

Conclusion:
The coexpression of molecular chaperones was then considered as the most
appropriate approach for soluble SEF production. Therefore, SEF production for medical purposes
is expected to be facilitated.
MiR-144-3p Inhibits BMSC Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Via Targeting FZD4 in Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis
Authors: Sun Zhibo , Wu Fei , Yang Yue , Liu Feng , Mo Fengbo , Chen Jin , Wang Guangyong , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2019

Background:
MicroRNAs have recently been recognized to be engaged in the development of bone
diseases.

Objective:
This study was performed to elucidate the effects of miR-144-3p on proliferation and osteogenesis of
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis (ONFH) and its related
mechanism.

Method:
The expression level of miR-144-3p in the MSCs from the proximal femur of the patients was examined
by Real-time PCR. The cell proliferation ability was assayed by MTT. The differentiation ability of MSCs was
assayed by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. The interaction between miR-144-3p and frizzled4 (FZD4) was investigated
by Real-time PCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay.

Results:
ONFH samples had the obviously high expression of miR-144-3p compared to the control. MiR-144-3p
had a negative effect on the proliferation and osteogenesis of MSCs. Via targeting FZD4, miR-144-3p decreased
β-catenin nuclear translocation, the transcription of RUNX2 and COL1A1. Over-expression of FZD4 partially
reversed miR-144-3p-induced decrease in the proliferation and osteogenesis of MSCs.

Conclusion:
MiR-144-3p might play an important role in the development of ONFH and might be used as a
novel class of therapeutic targets for this disease.
Anti-IgE Significantly Changes Circulating Interleukin-25, Vitamin-D and Interleukin-33 Levels in Patients with Allergic Asthma
Authors: Yalcin Arzu D. , Uzun Rusen 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Multi-center, randomized-controlled trials and observational studies have demonstrated
that, in severe asthmatic patients receiving omalizumab treatment, the frequency of exacerbations, the number of
urgent adverse events, and the need for oral steroids tend to decrease.

Material and Method:
This study included a total of 32 patients. The patients were divided into two groups as
Group IA (pre-omalizumab) and Group IB (post-omalizumab). Serum IL-25 and IL-33 levels were measured and
the number of emergency admissions, length of hospitalization (day), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, eosinophil
cationic protein (ECP), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) value were analyzed.

Results:
ACT and FeNO values increased after omalizumab treatment, while IL-33, IL-25 levels decreased after
the completion of omalizumab treatment. Furthermore, there was a weak, positive, and significant relationship
between the changes in the ECP levels and IL-33 levels (r=0.38, p=0.03).

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare circulating IL-25 and IL-33 levels
with specific IgE synthesis in the literature. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the changes in serum
IL-33 levels were significantly correlated with the changes in the mite sIgE levels and length of hospital stay
(Fmodel=11.2, p=0.01, r2=0.45). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the other variables
and changes in the IL-25 levels.