bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Graphene‐Based Materials via Europium Complexation on Dipyridylpyridazine‐Functionalized Graphene Sheets
Authors: Amaro‐Gahete Juan , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Esquivel Dolores , Jiménez‐Sanchidrián César , Van Der Voort Pascal , Romero‐Salguero Francisco J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based materials exhibit outstanding physical properties and so are potentially applicable in a great variety of fields. Unlike their corresponding oxides, graphite and graphene are not prone to functionalization. Diels–Alder reactions are among the scarce reactions that they can occur without disrupting their conjugated sp2 systems. Herein, the reaction between graphite and 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine under different conditions affords several graphene‐based materials consisting of dipyridylpyridazine‐functionalized few‐layer graphene, multilayer graphene and graphite, the sheets of which act as ligands for the grafting of a europium complex. These three materials show strong red emission under 365 nm UV radiation. Their emitting particles can be visualized by confocal microscopy. The rich coordination chemistry of dipyridylpyridazine ligands has potential novel properties for similarly functionalized graphene‐based materials grafted with other metal complexes.
Revisiting Bond Breaking and Making in EuCo2P2: Where are the Electrons?
Authors: Yannello Vincent , Guillou Francois , Yaroslavtsev Alexander A. , Tener Zachary P. , Wilhelm Fabrice , Yaresko Alexander N. , Molodtsov Serguei L. , Scherz Andreas , Rogalev Andrei , Shatruk Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Michael Shatruk at Florida State University, Andrei Rogalev at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and colleagues. The image depicts the detective work by the authors while trying to interpret their experimental results. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201900244.
Statistical Thermodynamics Unveils How Ions Influence an Aqueous Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Reid Joshua E. S. J. , Aquino Pedro H. G. , Walker Adam J. , Karadakov Peter B. , Shimizu Seishi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe kinetics of Diels‐Alder (DA) reactions in water has been known to be altered by salts for a long time. Yet the question how salts influence the reaction rate, either as rate‐enhancing or rate‐reducing additives, has so far remained unresolved. Conflicting hypotheses involve (i) indirect salt contributions through the modulation of internal pressure and (ii) making (or breaking) of the so‐called “water‐structure” by salts that strengthen (or weaken) the hydrophobic effect. In contrast to the qualitative nature of these hypotheses, here we answer this question quantitatively through a combination of transition state theory and fluctuation adsorption‐solvation theory (FAST) using the DA reaction between anthracene‐9‐carbinol and N‐ethylmaleimide as an example. We show that rate enhancement is driven by the salting out of the hydrophobic reactant, while rate‐enhancing salts exhibit stronger affinity to the transition state.
Does religion benefit corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Evidence from China
Authors: Su Kun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has been attracting ever considerable attention from practice and academia, but the determinants of CSR remain unclear, especially in transitional economies. Using firm‐level data of listed firms in China and constructing the variable of religion through the geographic proximity method, this study investigates the relationship between religion and CSR and further explores the differences between low‐ and high‐polluting industries. Our empirical results demonstrate that religious atmosphere (Buddhism and Taoism as a whole) in a region can induce managers to be less selfish and to care more about other stakeholders, which is potentially beneficial to a firm's CSR. This effect is stronger in high‐polluting industries and less pronounced in low‐polluting industries. Also, my findings demonstrate that the above conclusions apply only for Buddhism, indicating that different religions have an asymmetric effect on CSR. This work enriches and expands the research on CSR and religion, which has important implications on the value of religion in business practice.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Methoxy β‐Ketoesters through DKR in Water: Toward a Greener Procedure
Authors: He Bin , Zheng Long‐Sheng , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric reduction of α‐methoxy β‐ketoesters through transfer hydrogenation with a new rhodium(III) complex was developed. The reaction was efficient in 2‐MeTHF with formic acid/triethylamine or in water with sodium formate. The corresponding syn α‐methoxy β‐hydroxyesters were obtained with high diastereoselectivities and excellent levels of enantioselectivity through a dynamic kinetic resolution process.
Review of energy storage and transportation of energy
Authors: Khan Nasrullah , Dilshad Saad , Khalid Rashida , Kalair Ali Raza , Abas Naeem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnergy storage and transportation are essential keys to make sure the continuity of energy to the customer. Electric power generation is changing dramatically across the world due to the environmental effects of Greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by fossil fuels. The unpredictable daily and seasonal variations in demand for electrical energy can be tackled by introducing the energy storage systems (ESSs) and hence mitigating the extra GHG emission in the atmosphere. Energy storage techniques can be mechanical, electro‐chemical, chemical, or thermal, and so on. The most popular form of energy storage is hydraulic power plants by using pumped storage and in the form of stored fuel for thermal power plants. The classification of ESSs, their current status, flaws and present trends, are presented in this article. The present state of fossil fuel reserves, their production, consumption, and as a consequence of these the CO2emissions are also discussed. The primary energy carriers coal, oil and gas are not evenly distributed along the globe. Long distances are involved in transporting these energy carriers and transportation and delivery of these key resources to the prime customers is always necessary. The different methods to transport the energy from the source end to demand end is also discussed in this article. The assessment of various energy storage methods on the basis of several factors and present status and development of storage and transportation of energy in Pakistan is discussed.
Analysis of Keystroke Sequences in Writing Logs
Authors: Zhu Mengxiao , Zhang Mo , Deane Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe research on using event logs and item response time to study test‐taking processes is rapidly growing in the field of educational measurement. In this study, we analyzed the keystroke logs collected from 761 middle school students in the United States as they completed a persuasive writing task. Seven variables were extracted from the keystroke logs and compared with different score and gender groups. Group comparisons were also made using methodologies borrowed from sequence mining. Students' composition strategies over the course of the writing process were also investigated. The findings of this study have implications for gaining deeper understanding of observed group differences and for designing interventions to close the achievement gaps among population groups.
Clustering‐Based Resource Allocation mechanism in Long Term Evolution Advanced networks with auto‐encoder for feature learning
Authors: Santos Einar C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClustering‐Based Resource Allocation (CBRA) is a relatively recent approach applied in some communication network technologies that executes resource allocation rules by following patterns discovered in the user and traffic flow information. It is a useful option for classifying traffic and detecting the most suitable Quality‐of‐Service parameters to perform improved resource allocation, especially in mobile systems such as Long Term Evolution Advanced, which are growing in user demand. An open issue in the CBRA approach is the necessity to perform feature engineering manually (feature selection), which may cause loss of relevant system information and consequent deterioration of performance. In this research article, we present a novel CBRA mechanism that implements an auto‐encoder to perform feature learning, thus avoiding feature selection. The auto‐encoder, deployed at the early stages of the CBRA mechanism, transforms the user and traffic flow data into a shortened representation, preventing the curse of dimensionality while capturing the nonlinear correlations of the data. The simulation results indicate better cluster formation and performance improvement for real‐time video applications using the proposed mechanism.
Joint relay selection and energy‐efficient power allocation strategies in energy‐harvesting cooperative NOMA networks
Authors: Baidas Mohammed W. , Alsusa Emad , Hamdi Khairi A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of joint relay selection and energy‐efficient power allocation (J‐RS‐EE‐PA) in energy‐harvesting cooperative nonorthogonal multiple‐access networks is considered. In particular, a base station communicates with multiple users via a selected energy‐harvesting relay, such that energy efficiency (EE) is maximized, subject to quality‐of‐service constraints. Four different EE power allocation strategies are considered, namely, global energy efficiency, minimum energy efficiency, product energy efficiency, and sum energy efficiency. For all the aforementioned strategies, the J‐RS‐EE‐PA problem happens to be nonconvex and, thus, is computationally prohibitive. In turn, the J‐RS‐EE‐PA problem is decoupled into two subproblems: (1) relay selection and (2) energy‐efficient power allocation. Different relay selection strategies are explored, and then, computationally efficient algorithms are devised to optimally solve the different EE power allocation strategies for the selected relay. In addition, a low‐complexity solution procedure is proposed to solve the J‐RS‐EE‐PA problem. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the resulting EE of the different relay selection and power allocation strategies in comparison to the formulated J‐RS‐EE‐PA problem. More importantly, the proposed solution procedure is shown to be superior to the different explored relay selection strategies as well as yielding the global optimal solution of the J‐RS‐EE‐PA problem for the global energy efficiency, minimum energy efficiency, product energy efficiency, and sum energy efficiency strategies, while satisfying quality‐of‐service requirements.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A Possible Risk Factor for Direct‐Acting Antiviral Treatment Failure in Patients With Hepatitis C?
Authors: Piecha Felix , Gänßler Jan‐Michael , Jordan Sabine , Ergen Can , Ittrich Harald , Kluwe Johannes , Pischke Sven , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: March 2019

Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, achieving sustained virological response (SVR) rates of >90% even in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Having observed an unusual case of repeated DAA therapy failures in a patient with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), we assessed a possible association between prior TIPS placement and DAA failure. A structured search of our clinical database revealed 10 patients who had received DAA therapy after TIPS placement. At the time of therapy, most patients (8; 80%) presented with a Child‐Pugh score B, and the following DAA regimens were used: sofosbuvir/ledipasvir ± ribavirin (5 patients), sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin (3), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (2), and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (1). In total, 5 patients (50%) achieved an SVR, whereas a virological relapse occurred in the other half of the cases, including 2 patients with multiple relapses. In this patient cohort, SVR rates were unusually low for all regimens: sofosbuvir/ledipasvir ± ribavirin, 3/5 (60%); sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin, 2/3 (66%); sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, 0/2 (0%); and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, 0/1 (0%), and patients with a TIPS made up a relevant proportion of DAA failures in patients with cirrhosis at our center: sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 2/18 (11%); sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, 1/4 (25%); sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, 2/3 (66%); and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, 1/1 (100%). Conclusion: We observed a high rate of virological relapse in patients with a TIPS who received DAA treatment and therefore postulate that TIPS placement may be a possible risk factor for DAA failure due to the profound hemodynamic changes evoked by the intervention. Longer treatment duration or addition of ribavirin might be warranted in these patients.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Data and Discharge Volumes to Assess the Likelihood that Environmental Risks of Offshore Produced Water Discharges Are Adequately Controlled
Authors: Karman Chris C , Smit Mathijs GD 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In 2012, the Oslo–Paris (OSPAR) Commission adopted Recommendation 2012/5 for a risk-based approach (RBA) to the management of produced water discharges from offshore installations. As part of this recommendation, OSPAR requires that the environmental risk of the discharge of produced water is characterized based on whole effluent toxicity (WET) studies and/or on a substance-based assessment. In this paper we describe an assessment of the likelihood that the environmental risk of produced water discharges is adequately controlled based on WET data for 19 oil- and gas-producing platforms and their discharge volumes. Our analysis shows that, with the selected risk criterion of predicted exposure concentration (PEC)/predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) should not exceed 1 at 500 m, there is a mean likelihood of 99.5% (or more) that the environmental risk from the produced water discharges is adequately controlled for installations that discharge 30 × 103 m3/y (or less). The method presented in this paper can be used for screening purposes to ensure that efforts are directed toward installations with a high likelihood that risk is not adequately controlled. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:584–595. © 2019 SETAC
Science-based Targets for Antibiotics in Receiving Waters from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Tell Joan , Caldwell Daniel J , Häner Andreas , Hellstern Jutta , Hoeger Birgit , Journel Romain , Mastrocco Frank , Ryan Jim J , Snape Jason , Straub Jürg Oliver , Vestel Jessica 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In 2016, the United Nations declared the need for urgent action to combat the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In support of this effort, the pharmaceutical industry has committed to measures aimed at improving the stewardship of antibiotics both within and outside the clinic. Notably, a group of companies collaborated to specifically address concerns related to antibiotic residues being discharged from manufacturing sites. In addition to developing a framework of minimum environmental expectations for antibiotic manufacturers, science-based receiving water targets were established for antibiotics discharged from manufacturing operations. This paper summarizes the holistic approach taken to derive these targets and includes previously unpublished, company-generated, environmental toxicity data.
Microneedles of chitosan‐porous carbon nanocomposites: Stimuli (pH and electric field)‐initiated drug delivery and toxicological studies
Authors: Gaware Shankar A. , Rokade Kasturi A. , Bala Preetam , Kale Sangeeta N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn array of microneedles (MNs) of chitosan‐graphene assembled in porous carbon (CS‐GAPC) nanocomposites has been synthesized and evaluated. The safety of the formulated system has been ensured using detailed in vivo toxicological studies and efficacy has been ensured by evaluating the stimuli (pH and electric field) initiated drug delivery properties. Drug cephalexin has been incorporated in these MNs. In vivo toxicological studies of CS‐GAPC nanocomposite were performed on Sprague rats, using acute dermal and subacute dermal (ADT& SADT) test, histopathological studies, biochemical studies, and AMES tests. ADT and SADT studies showed that median lethal dose (LD50) was found greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight; with no abnormal weight gain and food consumption, during the study period of 28 days. This study showed that administration of CS‐GAPC did not cause any substantial alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters of the animals. Histopathological studies showed no significant changes in the control and CS‐GAPC administered groups. AMES tests reveal that CS‐GAPC nanocomposite is nonmutagenic against the Salmonella thyphimurium strains. No abnormalities were observed in the animal's chromosomal aberrations and clastogenic values when the animals were treated with CS‐GAPC. At acidic pH of 4, the encapsulated drug was completely released, indicating that the drug release from the prepared nanocomposite is pH dependent. An electric field of 5 V showed optimum drug release, as a function of applied electric pulses. A biologically safe drug encapsulation model system is hence projected for smart drug delivery (pH dependent and electric field triggered) using the microneedle approach. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1582–1596, 2019.
Identification of potential hub‐lncRNAs in ischemic stroke based on Subpathway‐LNCE method
Authors: Zheng Yanhua , Sun Shaopeng , Yu Miao , Fu Xiuxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke is a devastating condition with a high burden of neurological disability and death. The aim of this study was to explore the potential long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers underlying the mechanism of stroke. The Subpathway‐LNCE method, which was specifically designed to identify lncRNAs competitively regulated functions in diseases, was applied in ischemic stroke dataset to identify ischemic‐stroke‐associated dysfunctional subpathway that regulated by lncRNAs. At first, based on the shared microRNA (miRNA) between miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA‐miRNA interactions, lncRNA‐mRNA interactions were constructed. Then, the transcription profiling of 18 631 genes was downloaded from Array Express database and was preprocessed, including normalization and gene expression difference (DEG) analysis, to identify candidate differential pathways using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Next, the pathway‐lncRNA‐mRNA networks were constructed by linking lncRNAs to candidate differential pathways. At last, there were 11 lncRNAs were identified in the top three subpathways as hub‐lncRNAs totally, including LINC00240, LINC00472, LINC00265, LINC00473, MIR497HG, NEXN‐AS1, HCG17, MEG8, EPB41L4A‐AS1, SNHG7, and BCYRN1, five of which were validated to be very effective stroke biomarker by RT‐PCR. In conclusion, we applied Subpathway‐LNCE method and experimental verification to identify five lncRNAs, including LINC00265, LINC00473, NEXN‐AS1, HCG17, and MEG8, which were considered as important lncRNAs biomarkers in ischemic stroke.
Pharmacokinetics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Elderly Volunteers Compared With Younger Adults in a Korean Population
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Yoon Seonghae , Chung Hyewon , Ji Sang Chun , Yoon Seo Hyun , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Cho Joo‐Youn , Chung Jae‐Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a secondary bile acid component used for treating primary biliary cirrhosis. This study evaluated and compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of UDCA and its conjugates glyco‐UDCA (G‐UDCA) and tauro‐UDCA (T‐UDCA) in healthy elderly subjects and younger adults. In this randomized, open‐label, 2‐treatment, 1‐sequence, and parallel study, subjects received 400 or 800 mg UDCA on day 1, followed by 200 mg UDCA twice daily for 2 weeks. Blood samples were obtained up to 24 hours after the first UDCA dose. Changes in miRNA‐122, γ‐glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels from baseline were assessed to determine the safety and pharmacological effects of UDCA. This study examined the outcomes of 16 elderly subjects and 16 younger adults. Dose‐normalized peak concentration of and systemic exposure to UDCA were 2 to 4 times higher, and the corresponding values of G‐UDCA and T‐UDCA were 1.7 times higher in the elderly subjects than in the younger adults. The subjects in both groups showed multiple peak profiles of UDCA and its conjugates. The miRNA‐122 levels and hepatic enzyme test results were within the normal range in the elderly subjects after multiple administration of UDCA. This study is the first to confirm that the PK measurements of UDCA were higher in elderly subjects than in younger adults, which may improve the clinical outcomes of elderly subjects.
Analysis of efficacy of the self‐assembling peptide‐based remineralization agent on artificial enamel lesions
Authors: Üstün Nilüfer , Aktören Oya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of this in vitro study was to analyze and compare the biomimetic remineralizing efficacy of the self‐assembling peptide (P11‐4) with agents containing casein phoshopeptide‐amorhous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP‐ACFP) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on artificial caries lesions using DIAGNOdent and micro‐computed tomography (μCT). Artificial enamel lesions were prepared on extracted impacted sound mandibular third molars. The samples were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 8): Group 1, P11‐4 (Curodont Repair, Credentis AG, Switzerland); Group 2, CPP‐ACFP (MI Varnish, GCCo., Japan); Group3, NaF (Duraphat Varnish, Colgate, Colgate‐Palmolive, NY, USA); Group 4, artificial saliva (control). The agents were applied to demineralized surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions; all specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 1 month. Demineralization and remineralization on enamel surfaces were analyzed and quantified by DIAGNOdent (KaVo, Germany) and μCT (SkyScan1174, Belgium) for lesion depth/area/volume/mineral density (MD). The remineralization efficacy of the agents was evaluated by DIAGNOdent on 1st, 7th, 30th days and by μCT on 30th day. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, T test, and Wilxocon tests. The highest remineralization efficacy findings in all periods were determined in Group 1, followed by Groups 2, 3, and 4. The remineralization findings for fluorescence, MD, lesion depth in Group 1 were found significantly higher (p < 0.01) than Group 3; and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between Groups 1–2 and Groups 2–3. The area and volume change values in Groups 1, 2, and 3 have shown no significancy (p > 0.05). A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between μCT and DIAGNOdent methods. The data of this study have demonstrated that P11‐4 has showed the best remineralization efficacy, followed by CPP‐ACFP and NaF. It is concluded that self‐assembling peptide‐based remineralization agent can be used successfully for biomimetic remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.
Rainbow triangles and the Caccetta‐Häggkvist conjecture
Authors: Aharoni Ron , DeVos Matthew , Holzman Ron 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA famous conjecture of Caccetta and Häggkvist is that in a digraph on vertices and minimum outdegree at least n/r there is a directed cycle of length or less. We consider the following generalization: in an undirected graph on vertices, any collection of disjoint sets of edges, each of size at least n/r, has a rainbow cycle of length or less. We focus on the case and prove the existence of a rainbow triangle under somewhat stronger conditions than in the conjecture. In our main result, whenever is larger than a suitable polynomial in , we determine the maximum number of edges in an ‐vertex edge‐colored graph where all color classes have size at most and there is no rainbow triangle. Moreover, we characterize the extremal graphs for this problem.