bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERβ promotes Aβ degradation via the modulation of autophagy
Authors: Wei Yong , Zhou Jiawei , Wu Jun , Huang Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation is considered as a primary cause of AD pathogenesis, with defective autophagy in patients’ brains. Enhanced autophagic activity has been reported to promote Aβ clearance in vitro and in vivo models. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is a viable therapeutic target that can ameliorate the pathological features associated with AD. Very little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ERβ, autophagy, and Aβ degradation in AD. This study aims to uncover whether ERβ participates in autophagy and promotes extracellular Aβ1–42 degradation through the autophagy–lysosome system. Here we find that overexpression of ERβ caused autophagic activation as seen by increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) degradation, LC3 punctate distribution, autophagosome, and autolysosome accumulation. In addition, we show that ERβ could induce autophagy through direct protein–protein interaction with ATG7 (E1-like enzyme). Furthermore, ERβ-mediated decrease in Aβ1–42 was blocked by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in SH-SY5Y cells and the HEK293T (AβPPsw) model. Aβ1–42 or CQ induced cytotoxicity was restored by a selective ERβ activator diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Collectively, these data indicate that overexpression of ERβ exerts a neuroprotective effect through interacting with ATG7 protein and further enhances autophagy–lysosomal activity for Aβ1–42 clearance at the cellular level.
Upregulation of SLAMF3 on human T cells is induced by palmitic acid through the STAT5-PI3K/Akt pathway and features the chronic inflammatory profiles of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhou Tong , Wang Guixia , Lyu Yanan , Wang Lei , Zuo Siyao , Zou Jun , Sun Lin , Zhao Wenjie , Shu Chang , Yang Yong-Guang , Hu Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetabolic stress-induced low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence highlights the importance of directly elucidating T-cell activation under the obesity-induced metabolic stress condition, as T cells primed under such conditions were found to acquire a unique phenotype and function. Herein, we found a significant upregulation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 3 (SLAMF3) expression on T cells from T2D patients compared to those of healthy controls. Importantly, SLAMF3 upregulation was associated with an increased ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Significantly increased SLAMF3 expression was seen in T2D patient T cells that produce IFN-γ or IL-17 upon short (4-h) stimulation, compared to non-cytokine-producing T cells. In line with this finding, SLAMF3highT cells were significantly more sensitive than SLAMF3lowT cells to TCR stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Furthermore, treatment with palmitic acid (PA) led to significant upregulation of SLAMF3 on human T cells primed by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and on Jurkat cells, a human T-cell line. RNA sequencing revealed strong activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T cells that were primed with PA. Further mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling, or its upstream mediator STAT5 can prevent PA-induced SLAMF3 upregulation on T cells. These results indicate that SLAMF3 upregulation is associated with T-cell activation and cytokine production in T2D patients, and suggest that elevated saturated fatty acids in T2D patients may induce SLAMF3 upregulation on T cells via activation of the STAT5-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
2D semiconductor nonlinear plasmonic modulators
Authors: Klein Matthew , Badada Bekele H. , Binder Rolf , Alfrey Adam , McKie Max , Koehler Michael R. , Mandrus David G. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , LeRoy Brian J. , Schaibley John R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA plasmonic modulator is a device that controls the amplitude or phase of propagating plasmons. In a pure plasmonic modulator, the presence or absence of a plasmonic pump wave controls the amplitude of a plasmonic probe wave through a channel. This control has to be mediated by an interaction between disparate plasmonic waves, typically requiring the integration of a nonlinear material. In this work, we demonstrate a 2D semiconductor nonlinear plasmonic modulator based on a WSe2 monolayer integrated on top of a lithographically defined metallic waveguide. We utilize the strong interaction between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons in the WSe2 to give a 73 % change in transmission through the device. We demonstrate control of the propagating SPPs using both optical and SPP pumps, realizing a 2D semiconductor nonlinear plasmonic modulator, with an ultrafast response time of 290 fs.
Uniaxial transition dipole moments in semiconductor quantum rings caused by broken rotational symmetry
Authors: Hartmann Nicolai F. , Otten Matthew , Fedin Igor , Talapin Dmitri , Cygorek Moritz , Hawrylak Pawel , Korkusinski Marek , Gray Stephen , Hartschuh Achim , Ma Xuedan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemiconductor quantum rings are topological structures that support fascinating phenomena such as the Aharonov–Bohm effect and persistent current, which are of high relevance in the research of quantum information devices. The annular shape of quantum rings distinguishes them from other low-dimensional materials, and enables topologically induced properties such as geometry-dependent spin manipulation and emission. While optical transition dipole moments (TDMs) in zero to two-dimensional optical emitters have been well investigated, those in quantum rings remain obscure despite their utmost relevance to the quantum photonic applications of quantum rings. Here, we study the dimensionality and orientation of TDMs in CdSe quantum rings. In contrast to those in other two-dimensional optical emitters, we find that TDMs in CdSe quantum rings show a peculiar in-plane linear distribution. Our theoretical modeling reveals that this uniaxial TDM originates from broken rotational symmetry in the quantum ring geometries.
Modulation of defence and iron homeostasis genes in rice roots by the diazotrophic endophyte Herbaspirillum seropedicae
Authors: Brusamarello-Santos Liziane Cristina Campos , Alberton Dayane , Valdameri Glaucio , Camilios-Neto Doumit , Covre Rafael , Lopes Katia de Paiva , Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir Michelle , Faoro Helisson , Adele Monteiro Rose , Barbosa-Silva Adriano , John Broughton William , Oliveira Pedrosa Fabio , Wassem Roseli , Souza Emanuel Maltempi de 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRice is staple food of nearly half the world’s population. Rice yields must therefore increase to feed ever larger populations. By colonising rice and other plants,Herbaspirillumspp. stimulate plant growth and productivity. However the molecular factors involved are largely unknown. To further explore this interaction, the transcription profiles of Nipponbare rice roots inoculated withHerbaspirillum seropedicaewere determined by RNA-seq. Mapping the 104 million reads against theOryza sativacv. Nipponbare genome produced 65 million unique mapped reads that represented 13,840 transcripts each with at least two-times coverage. About 7.4% (1,014) genes were differentially regulated and of these 255 changed expression levels more than two times. Several of the repressed genes encoded proteins related to plant defence (e.g. a putative probenazole inducible protein), plant disease resistance as well as enzymes involved in flavonoid and isoprenoid synthesis. Genes related to the synthesis and efflux of phytosiderophores (PS) and transport of PS-iron complexes were induced by the bacteria. These data suggest that the bacterium represses the rice defence system while concomitantly activating iron uptake. Transcripts ofH.seropedicaewere also detected amongst which transcripts of genes involved in nitrogen fixation, cell motility and cell wall synthesis were the most expressed.
Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate on fibroblasts from individuals with mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Shimura Masaru , Nozawa Naoko , Ogawa-Tominaga Minako , Fushimi Takuya , Tajika Makiko , Ichimoto Keiko , Matsunaga Ayako , Tsuruoka Tomoko , Kishita Yoshihito , Ishii Takuya , Takahashi Kiwamu , Tanaka Tohru , Nakajima Motowo , Okazaki Yasushi , Ohtake Akira , Murayama Kei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III, and IV and cytochrome c contain haem, which is generated by the insertion of Fe2+ into protoporphyrin IX. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) was reported to enhance haem production, leading to respiratory complex and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation. Here, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of ALA and SFC alone or in combination (ALA/SFC) on fibroblasts from 8 individuals with mitochondrial diseases and healthy controls. In normal fibroblasts, expression levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex subunits and corresponding genes were upregulated only by ALA/SFC. Additionally, the increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP levels in normal fibroblasts were more obvious after treatment with ALA/SFC than after treatment with ALA or SFC. OXPHOS complex proteins were enhanced by ALA/SFC, whereas OCR and ATP levels were increased in 6 of the 8 patient-derived fibroblasts. Further, HO-1 protein and mRNA levels were enhanced by ALA/SFC in all fibroblasts. The relative mtDNA copy number was increased by ALA/SFC. Thus, our findings indicate that ALA/SFC is effective in elevating OXPHOS, HO-1 protein, and mtDNA copy number, resulting in an increase in OCR and ATP levels, which represents a promising therapeutic option for mitochondrial diseases.
The roles of p38 MAPK → COX2 and NF-κB → COX2 signal pathways in age-related testosterone reduction
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Xuehui , Qu Yine , Wang Lixuan , Geng Dan , Chen Wei , Li Li , Tian Yangyang , Chang Shiyang , Zhao Chunfang , Zhao Xiujun , Lv Pin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn our study, we explored changes in the redox status and inflammatory response in the testes of the SAMP8 model of varying ages (2, 4, 8, 10 months old) compared with control mice SAMR1 by the methods of immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, RT-PCR and Luminex multi-analyte cytokine profiling. We found that as ROS and inflammation levels increased during aging, steroidogenic enzymes (StAR and P450scc) reduced and led to the decline of testosterone production eventually. The pathways of P38 MAPK → COX2 and NF-κB → COX2 were detected by using specific inhibitors of SB203580 and Bay 11-7082 in isolated Leydig cells. These results indicated that activation of both p38 MAPK → COX2 and NF-κB → COX2 signaling pathways are functionally linked to the oxidative stress response and chronic inflammation during aging, and mediate their inhibitory effects on testosterone production.
Modified CLARITY Achieving Faster and Better Intact Mouse Brain Clearing and Immunostaining
Authors: Du Hao , Hou Peihong , Wang Liting , Wang Zhongke , Li Qiyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCLARITY is a hydrogel embedding clearing method that has the advantages of transparency, different tissue compatibility and immunostaining compatibility. However, there are also some limitations to CLARITY as it requires a long time to achieve transparency, and the electrophoresis clearing is complex. Therefore, we aimed to simplify the electrophoresis system and shorten the processing time of CLARITY. In our study, we developed a non-circulation electrophoresis system to achieve easier manipulation of electrophoresis clearing. We modified the original CLARITY protocol in hydrogel embedding methods, clearing buffer and immunostaining. When comparing brains processed by our modified method or the original protocol, we found our modifications permit faster and more efficient clearing and labeling. Moreover, we developed a new clearing method named Passive pRe-Electrophroresis CLARITY (PRE-CLARITY) and a new immunostaining method named Centrifugation-Expansion staining (CEx staining). PRE-CLARITY achieved faster clearing and higher transparency, and CEx staining accomplished intact mouse brain labeling faster. With our modifications to CLARITY, we accomplished intact mouse brain clearing and immunostaining within one week, while this requires weeks to months with the original CLARITY. Our studies would allow high-content tracing and analysis of intact brain or other large-scale samples in a short time.
The Predominant Oral Microbiota Is Acquired Early in an Organized Pattern
Authors: Sulyanto Rosalyn M. , Thompson Zachary A. , Beall Clifford J. , Leys Eugene J. , Griffen Ann L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe human oral cavity is sterile prior to birth, and we have limited knowledge of how complex oral communities are assembled. To examine bacterial acquisition and community assembly over the first year of life, oral samples from a cohort of nine infants and their mothers were collected, and bacterial community composition was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Exogenous species including skin and environmental bacteria were present initially, but were quickly replaced by a small, shared microbial community of species common to all infants and adults. Subsequent ordered microbial succession and the formation of increasingly complex communities was observed. By one year of age oral microbial community composition converged to a profile that was remarkably similar among children. The introduction of new nutrient sources, but not tooth eruption, was associated with increasing complexity. Infants had fewer species than mothers, mostly accounted for by the lack of certain anaerobes, and showing that the acquisition and assembly of oral microbial communities continues past infancy. When relative abundance was considered, a shared set of species accounted for the majority of the microbial community at all ages, indicating that the dominant structure of the oral microbiome establishes early, and suggesting that it persists throughout life.
Fabrication of High-resolution Graphene-based Flexible Electronics via Polymer Casting
Authors: Uz Metin , Jackson Kyle , Donta Maxsam S. , Jung Juhyung , Lentner Matthew T. , Hondred John A. , Claussen Jonathan C. , Mallapragada Surya K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel method based on the transfer of graphene patterns from a rigid or flexible substrate onto a polymeric film surface via solvent casting was developed. The method involves the creation of predetermined graphene patterns on the substrate, casting a polymer solution, and directly transferring the graphene patterns from the substrate to the surface of the target polymer film via a peeling-off method. The feature sizes of the graphene patterns on the final film can vary from a few micrometers (as low as 5 µm) to few millimeters range. This process, applied at room temperature, eliminates the need for harsh post-processing techniques and enables creation of conductive graphene circuits (sheet resistance: ~0.2 kΩ/sq) with high stability (stable after 100 bending and 24 h washing cycles) on various polymeric flexible substrates. Moreover, this approach allows precise control of the substrate properties such as composition, biodegradability, 3D microstructure, pore size, porosity and mechanical properties using different film formation techniques. This approach can also be used to fabricate flexible biointerfaces to control stem cell behavior, such as differentiation and alignment. Overall, this promising approach provides a facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable electronic circuits.
An oligo-His-tag of a targeting module does not influence its biodistribution and the retargeting capabilities of UniCAR T cells
Authors: Jureczek Justyna , Bergmann Ralf , Berndt Nicole , Koristka Stefanie , Kegler Alexandra , Puentes-Cala Edinson , Soto Javier Andrés , Arndt Claudia , Bachmann Michael , Feldmann Anja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, we established the controllable modular UniCAR platform technology to advance the efficacy and safety of CAR T cell therapy. The UniCAR system is composed of (i) target modules (TMs) and (ii) UniCAR armed T cells. TMs are bispecific molecules that are able to bind to the tumor cell surface and simultaneously to UniCAR T cells. For interaction with UniCAR T cells, TMs contain a peptide epitope sequence which is recognised by UniCAR T cells. So far, a series of TMs against a variety of tumor targets including against the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) were constructed and functionally characterised. In order to facilitate their purification all these TMs are expressed as recombinant proteins equipped with an oligo-His-tag. The aim of the here presented manuscript was to learn whether or not the oligo-His-tag of the TM influences the UniCAR system. For this purpose, we constructed TMs against PSCA equipped with or lacking an oligo-His-tag. Both TMs were compared side by side including for functionality and biodistribution. According to our data, an oligo-His-tag of a UniCAR TM has only little if any effect on its binding affinity, in vitro and in vivo killing capability and in vivo biodistribution.
Revisiting the Correct Information Unit: Measuring Informativeness in Unstructured Conversations in People With Aphasia
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Edmonds Lisa A. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the correct information unit (CIU) can be reliably applied to unstructured conversational discourse in people with aphasia (PWA). The CIU was developed byNicholas and Brookshire (1993)to measure word-level informativeness in structured monologue-level discourse and is widely used by clinicians and researchers for this purpose. A case study (Oelschlaeger & Thorne, 1999) investigating the use of the CIU in conversation has suggested potential issues with interrater reliability (IRR), which has discouraged application of the CIU to this discourse context. However, no further research has been conducted to replicate or extend this finding. Given a clinical and research need for reliable linguistic measures appropriate for use in unstructured conversation, revisiting the reliability, stability, and suitability of the CIU is indicated.MethodThe CIU protocol developed byNicholas and Brookshire (1993)was modified according to the needs of conversational discourse, resulting in the CIU in conversation (CIUconv) protocol. Two speech-language pathology graduate student research assistants completed training on use of the CIUconv with the 1st author. Sixteen conversations held by 8 PWA (i.e., 2 conversations each) were used as language samples to determine IRR of percent CIU (%CIU) in conversation through use of the CIUconv. Test–retest stability of %CIU as applied per this protocol was then assessed across the 2 conversations collected for each PWA.ResultsUse of the CIUconv resulted in excellent IRR of %CIU for each research assistant and the 1st author. Likewise, test–retest stability for the measure was excellent. Results were evaluated at both the group and individual levels.Conclusions%CIU demonstrated excellent interrater and test–retest reliability when applied to unstructured conversation using the CIUconv procedure, which was developed to account for expected linguistic characteristics of conversation. These findings suggest that %CIU may be a feasible, reliable measure of informativeness in unstructured conversation in PWA when the CIUconv is used by trained raters.
MP mitigation in GNSS positioning by GRU NNs and adaptive wavelet filtering
Authors: Li Dengao , Zhang Pei , Zhao Jumin , Cheng Junbing , Zhao Hongyan 
Published: July 2019

In urban canyons, multipath (MP) signals have some problems such as short time delay, high dynamic, and uncontrollable. To solve this problem and mitigate the interference of MP effect on positioning, the authors proposed a new method which uses gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural networks (NNs) aided by compressed sensing algorithm to estimate parameters of MP signal accurately. They showed how to build the GRU – deformation of recurrent NNs (RNNs) – in a dynamic environment, and estimated the MP signals parameters accurately. Also, considering the special cases in a dynamic environment, they used the adaptive wavelet filter to optimise the NNs, compensated pseudo‐distance, and improved the accuracy of positioning. Like other NNs, the learning process of this machine learning method in the dynamic environment can be summarised as obtaining data from different environmental conditions. For this, they collected signal data from different speeds to train GRU–RNN model, which correctly estimated the MP signal's parameter value in a different environment and different speeds. By experimental verification, when the speed is slower than 20 km/h, GRU–RNN can reduce code tracking error to 0.08 chips, and increased the positioning accuracy by about 13%.
Power divider based on vertical elliptical directional couplers with increased isolation and bandwidth
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Cui Jie , Guo Shanhong , Zhang Renli 
Published: July 2019

In this study, a novel high‐isolation wideband divider based on multi‐layer elliptical defected ground structure coupler is presented along with its analytical theory and design procedure. The proposed divider could be conveniently applied for high‐ power applications with less loss for the absence of isolation resistors. The simulation results show that in 3.1–10.6 GHz, the return loss S11 and S22 are <−15 dB, the overall isolation S23 is <−20 dB and the best part achieves−50 dB. Insertion loss S21 and S31 are both >−4 dB within 4–9 GHz, and the amplitude and phase difference between port 2 and port 3 is <1 dB and 2°, respectively.
A Hypoxic Environment Attenuates Exercise-Induced Procoagulant Changes Due to Decreased Platelet Activation
Authors: Kicken Cécile H. , van der Vorm Lisa N. , Zwaveling Suzanne , Schoenmaker Evi , Remijn Jasper A. , Huskens Dana , de Laat Bas 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Although physical exercise is protective against cardiovascular disease, it can also provoke sudden cardiac death (exercise paradox). Epidemiological studies suggest that systemic hypoxia at high altitude is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Forthcoming, this study investigated the effect of repeated exercise at high altitude on blood coagulation, platelet function, and fibrinolysis.
Methods Six trained male volunteers were recruited. Participants ascended from sea level to 3,375 m altitude. They performed four exercise tests at 65 to 80% of their heart-rate reserve during 2 hours: one time at sea level and three times on consecutive days at 3,375 m altitude. Thrombin generation (TG) was measured in whole blood (WB) and platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma. Coagulation factor levels were measured. Platelet activation was measured as αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression. Fibrinolysis was studied using a clot-lysis assay.
Results Normoxic exercise increased plasma peak TG through increased factor VIII (FVIII), and increased von Willebrand factor (VWF) and active VWF levels. Platelet granule release potential was slightly decreased. After repetitive hypoxic exercise, the increase in (active) VWF tapered, and there was no more distinct exercise-related increase in peak. Platelet aggregation potential and platelet-dependent TG decreased at high altitude. There were no effects on fibrinolysis upon exercise and/or hypoxia.
Conclusion Strenuous exercise induces a procoagulant state that is mediated by the endothelium, by increasing VWF and secondarily raising FVIII levels. After repetitive exercise, the amplitude of the endothelial response to exercise diminishes. A hypoxic environment appears to further attenuate the procoagulant changes by decreasing platelet activation and platelet-dependent TG.