bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Default Option to Enhance Nutrition Within Financial Constraints: A Randomized, Controlled Proof‐of‐Principle Trial
Authors: Coffino Jaime A. , Hormes Julia M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a novel default option intervention targeting nutritional quality of online grocery purchases within the financial constraints of food insecurity.MethodsFemale undergraduates (n = 59) without eating disorder symptoms or dietary restrictions selected foods online with a budget corresponding to maximum Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. Before completing the task again, participants were randomly assigned to receive a $10 incentive for selecting nutritious groceries (n = 17), education about nutrition (n = 24), or a default online shopping cart containing a nutritionally balanced selection of groceries (n = 18) to which they could make changes. Nutritional quality was quantified by using the Thrifty Food Plan Calculator.ResultsCompared with the education condition, participants in the default condition selected significantly more whole grains and fruits and foods lower in cholesterol, saturated fats, sodium, and overall calories. There were no statistically significant differences in nutritional outcomes between the incentive condition and the other two groups.ConclusionsFindings provide initial support for the efficacy of a default option in facilitating healthier food choice behaviors within financial constraints.
Racial differences in intracerebral haemorrhage outcomes in patients with obesity
Authors: Iwuchukwu I. , Mahale N. , Ryder J. , Hsieh B. , Jennings B. , Nguyen D. , Cornwell K. , Beyl R. , Zabaleta J. , Sothern M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the role of obesity and race in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) outcomes.MethodsThe Get with the guideline‐Stroke database was queried for all admitted patients with spontaneous ICH. Secondary causes of ICH were excluded. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using the Center for Disease Control guidelines. Race was classified as White or non‐White. Demographics, clinical, imaging data were retrieved. Outcome measures were hematoma expansion at 24 h and discharge disposition.ResultsA total of 428 patients were included in our analysis. Female gender, past history of congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, blood pressure, ICH volume, ICH location, intraventricular haemorrhage and hospital length of stay deferred across BMI categories. On multivariate analysis, along with obese categories, age, ICH location and ICH volume were independent predictors of poor outcomes (hematoma expansion and poor discharge disposition). After adjusting for these variables, obesity remained a predictor of poor disposition outcome compared with normal and overweight subjects; Normal vs. Obese OR 0.26 CI 0.115–0.593 p = 0.0014; Obese vs. Overweight OR 3.79 CI 1.68–8.52 p = 0.0013. Nonetheless, obesity did not influence hematoma expansion. Overall, BMI‐race classification did not influence outcomes. However, among non‐Whites, the obese category had higher odds of a poor disposition outcome than normal (OR 6.84 CI 2.12–22.22 p = 0.0013) or overweight (OR 8.45 CI 2.6–27.49 p = 0.0004) categories.ConclusionAn obesity paradox in ICH was not observed in our cohort. In the non‐White population, patients with obesity were likely to be associated with poor disposition outcome. Similar findings were not observed in White population.
Self‐monitoring has no adverse effect on disordered eating in adults seeking treatment for obesity
Authors: Jospe M. R. , Brown R. C. , Williams S. M. , Roy M. , Meredith‐Jones K. A. , Taylor R. W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectivesAlthough monitoring is considered a key component of effective behaviour change, the development of apps has allowed consumers to constantly evaluate their own diet, with little examination of what this might mean for eating behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self‐monitoring of diet using the app MyFitnessPal or daily self‐weighing increases the reported occurrence of eating disorders in adults with overweight/obesity following a weight loss programme.MethodsTwo hundred fifty adults with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 received diet and exercise advice and were randomized to one of four monitoring strategies (daily self‐weighing, MyFitnessPal, brief monthly consults or self‐monitoring hunger) or control for 12 months. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 was used to assess eating disorder symptoms and behaviours for the previous 28 d at 0 and 12 months.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the global Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score or the subscales between those in the four monitoring groups and the control at 12 months (all p ≥ 0.164), nor were there differences in binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, laxative misuse or excessive exercise at 12 months (p ≥ 0.202). The overall prevalence of one or more episodes of binge eating was 53.6% at baseline and 50.6% at 12 months, with no change over time (p = 0.662).ConclusionsThere was no evidence that self‐monitoring, including using diet apps like MyFitnessPal or daily self‐weighing, increases the reported occurrence of eating disorder behaviours in adults with overweight/obesity who are trying to lose weight.
Vascular targeting of LIGHT normalizes blood vessels in primary brain cancer and induces intratumoural high endothelial venules
Authors: He Bo , Jabouille Arnaud , Steri Veronica , Johansson‐Percival Anna , Michael Iacovos P , Kotamraju Venkata Ramana , Junckerstorff Reimar , Nowak Anna K , Hamzah Juliana , Lee Gabriel , Bergers Gabriele , Ganss Ruth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh‐grade brain cancer such as glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease. A common feature of GBM is the angiogenic vasculature, which can be targeted with selected peptides for payload delivery. We assessed the ability of micelle‐tagged, vascular homing peptides RGR, CGKRK and NGR to specifically bind to blood vessels in syngeneic orthotopic GBM models. By using the peptide CGKRK to deliver the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member LIGHT (also known as TNF superfamily member 14; TNFSF14) to angiogenic tumour vessels, we have generated a reagent that normalizes the brain cancer vasculature by inducing pericyte contractility and re‐establishing endothelial barrier integrity. LIGHT‐mediated vascular remodelling also activates endothelia and induces intratumoural high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are specialized blood vessels for lymphocyte infiltration. Combining CGKRK–LIGHT with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor and checkpoint blockade amplified HEV frequency and T‐cell accumulation in GBM, which is often sparsely infiltrated by immune effector cells, and reduced tumour burden. Furthermore, CGKRK and RGR peptides strongly bound to blood vessels in freshly resected human GBM, demonstrating shared peptide‐binding activities in mouse and human primary brain tumour vessels. Thus, peptide‐mediated LIGHT targeting is a highly translatable approach in primary brain cancer to reduce vascular leakiness and enhance immunotherapy. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations are early events in sporadic endometrial and colorectal carcinogenesis, determining driver mutational landscape, clonal neoantigen burden and immune response
Authors: Temko Daniel , Van Gool Inge C , Rayner Emily , Glaire Mark , Makino Seiko , Brown Matthew , Chegwidden Laura , Palles Claire , Depreeuw Jeroen , Beggs Andrew , Stathopoulou Chaido , Mason John , Baker Ann‐Marie , Williams Marc , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Rei Margarida , Taylor Jenny C , Schuh Anna , Ahmed Ahmed , Amant Frédéric , Lambrechts Diether , Smit Vincent THBM , Bosse Tjalling , Graham Trevor A , Church David N , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer, is generally thought to occur in the middle to late stages of tumourigenesis, following the acquisition of permissive molecular aberrations such as TP53 mutation or whole genome doubling. Tumours with somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations are notable for their extreme genomic instability (their mutation burden is among the highest in human cancer), distinct mutational signature, lymphocytic infiltrate, and excellent prognosis. To what extent these characteristics are determined by the timing of POLE mutations in oncogenesis is unknown. Here, we have shown that pathogenic POLE mutations are detectable in non‐malignant precursors of endometrial and colorectal cancer. Using genome and exome sequencing, we found that multiple driver mutations in POLE‐mutant cancers show the characteristic POLE mutational signature, including those in genes conventionally regarded as initiators of tumourigenesis. In POLE‐mutant cancers, the proportion of monoclonal predicted neoantigens was similar to that in other cancers, but the absolute number was much greater. We also found that the prominent CD8+ T‐cell infiltrate present in POLE‐mutant cancers was evident in their precursor lesions. Collectively, these data indicate that somatic POLE mutations are early, quite possibly initiating, events in the endometrial and colorectal cancers in which they occur. The resulting early onset of genomic instability may account for the striking immune response and excellent prognosis of these tumours, as well as their early presentation. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Independent development of endometrial epithelium and stroma within the same endometriosis
Authors: Noë Michaël , Ayhan Ayse , Wang Tian‐Li , Shih Ie‐Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe pathogenesis of endometriosis, a common benign but debilitating disease in women, remains elusive. The currently held stem cell theory posits that circulating progenitor/stem cells are deposited outside the uterus, where they differentiate into endometrial stroma and glandular tissue to establish endometriosis. Fundamental to testing this hypothesis is to elucidate the evolution of both tissue types. Here, we applied droplet digital PCR to analyze synonymous and missense somatic passenger mutations, which are neutral with respect to clonal selection, among six non‐superficial endometriotic lesions. We found that among 19 mutations sequenced, all were significantly enriched in epithelial but not in stromal components of every lesion examined. Our data indicate that the evolution of non‐superficial endometriosis is complex, in that epithelium is clonal and its development is independent of stroma, providing new insight into the genesis of endometriosis. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parent understanding of the risk of future limitations secondary to pediatric cancer treatment
Authors: Greenzang Katie A. , Cronin Angel M. , Kang Tammy , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundParents and physicians may have different understandings of a child's risk of future limitations due to cancer or cancer treatment. We evaluated alignment between parent‐ and physician‐estimated risk of late effects.MethodsWe surveyed 352 parents of children with cancer within 12 weeks of diagnosis, and the children's oncologists, at Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. We assessed parent and physician estimations of the child's risk of future limitations in physical abilities, intelligence, or quality of life (QOL) due to cancer treatment. Physician‐estimated risk of limitations ≥50% was considered high risk.ResultsPhysicians considered 22% of children at high risk of physical impairments, 9% at high risk for impaired intelligence, and 6% at high risk for impaired QOL. Among high‐risk children, 38% of parents recognized this risk in physical abilities, 21% in intelligence, and 5% in QOL. In multivariable analysis, parental understanding of risk, defined as concordant parent and physician estimates, was greater among parents of children at lower risk of future limitations (odds ratio 2.59; 95% confidence interval 1.35–4.96). Regardless of risk, 92% of parents considered it very/extremely important to receive information about potential health implications of cancer treatment.ConclusionsAlthough most parents want information about life after cancer, most parents of children at high risk of future impairment do not recognize this risk. Strategies to improve communication about late effects throughout pediatric cancer treatment should prioritize meeting information needs and improving parent understanding of the risk of impairment.
Adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Raising the bar through collaborative science and multidisciplinary care
Authors: Kahn Justine M. , Kelly Kara M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common cancers in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population (15–39 years). Despite continued improvements in HL outcomes, AYAs have not exhibited survival gains to the same extent as other age groups. At present, details about tumor biology, optimal therapeutic approaches, supportive care needs, and long‐term toxicities in AYAs with HL remain understudied. Herein, we summarize the current state of the AYA population with HL, specifically focusing on how collaborations across the pediatric and medical oncology divide, coupled with multidisciplinary patient care, can further optimize outcomes for this group of patients.
Renal failure in pediatric Castleman disease: Four French cases with thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Cousin Elie , Flodrops Hugues , Boyer Olivia , Hogan Julien , Ruin Mahe , Couderc Anne , Goujon Jean‐Michel , Taque Sophie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPediatric Castleman disease (CD) is an uncommon and poorly understood disorder of the lymph nodes. Renal failure has not been described in pediatric multicentric CD (MCD). We report four cases, who presented with polyadenopathy, organomegaly, edema and fluid accumulations, high blood pressure, and acute renal failure. In all cases, renal biopsy confirmed diffuse thrombotic microangiopathy. Definitive diagnosis of MCD was made by a biopsy of an affected lymph node located by computer tomography before initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Treatment of CD with corticosteroid therapy and rituximab was rapidly effective without relapse to date.
Event‐free survival of infants and toddlers enrolled in the HR‐NBL‐1/SIOPEN trial is associated with the level of neuroblastoma mRNAs at diagnosis
Authors: Corrias Maria V. , Parodi Stefano , Tchirkov Andrei , Lammens Tim , Vicha Ales , Pasqualini Claudia , Träger Catarina , Yáñez Yania , Dallorso Sandro , Varesio Luigi , Luksch Roberto , Laureys Genevieve , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Canete Adela , Pöetschger Ulrike , Ladenstein Ruth , Burchill Susan A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether levels of neuroblastoma mRNAs in bone marrow and peripheral blood from stage M infants (≤12 months of age at diagnosis, MYCN amplified) and toddlers (between 12 and 18 months, any MYCN status) predict event‐free survival (EFS).MethodsBone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood samples from 97 infants/toddlers enrolled in the European High‐Risk Neuroblastoma trial were collected at diagnosis in PAXgene™ blood RNA tubes. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction according to standardized procedures.ResultsBone marrow tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or paired‐like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) levels in the highest tertile were associated with worse EFS; hazard ratios, adjusted for age and MYCN status, were 1.5 and 1.8 respectively. Expression of both TH and PHOX2B in the highest tertile predicted worse outcome (p = 0.015), and identified 20 (23%) infants/toddlers with 5‐year EFS of 20% (95%CI: 4%–44%). Prognostic significance was maintained after adjusting for over‐fitting bias (p = 0.038), age and MYCN status. In peripheral blood, PHOX2B levels in the highest tertile predicted a two‐fold increased risk of an event (p = 0.032), and identified 23 (34%) infants/toddlers with 5‐year EFS of 29% (95%CI: 12%–48%). Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed the prognostic value of combined TH and PHOX2B in bone marrow and of PHOX2B in peripheral blood during the first year of follow‐up.ConclusionsHigh levels of bone marrow TH and PHOX2B and of peripheral blood PHOX2B at diagnosis allow early identification of a group of high‐risk infant and toddlers with neuroblastoma who may be candidates for alternative treatments. Integration with additional biomarkers, as well as validation in additional international trials is warranted.
Phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in combination with multi‐agent chemotherapy in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Place Andrew E. , Pikman Yana , Stevenson Kristen E. , Harris Marian H. , Pauly Melinda , Sulis Maria‐Luisa , Hijiya Nobuko , Gore Lia , Cooper Todd M. , Loh Mignon L. , Roti Giovanni , Neuberg Donna S. , Hunt Sarah K. , Orloff‐Parry Sarah , Stegmaier Kimberly , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the feasibility of co‐administering everolimus with a four‐drug reinduction in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) experiencing a first marrow relapse.ProcedureThis phase I study tested everolimus with vincristine, prednisone, pegaspargase and doxorubicin in patients with marrow relapse occurring >18 months after first complete remission (CR). The primary aim was to identify the maximum tolerated dose of everolimus. Three dose levels (DLs) were tested during dose escalation (2, 3, and 5 mg/m2/day). Additional patients were enrolled at the 3‐ and 5 mg/m2/day DLs to further evaluate toxicity (dose expansion).ResultsThirteen patients enrolled during dose escalation and nine during dose expansion. During dose escalation, one dose‐limiting toxicity occurred (grade 4 hyperbilirubinemia) in six evaluable patients at DL3 (5 mg/m2/day). The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were febrile neutropenia, infections, transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypophosphatemia. Two of the 12 patients treated at DL3 developed Rothia mucilaginosa meningitis. Nineteen patients (86%) achieved a second CR (CR2). Of those, 13 (68%) had a low end‐reinduction minimal residual disease (MRD) level (≤10−3 by polymerase chain reaction–based assay). The CR2 rate for patients with B‐cell ALL treated at DL3 (n = 12) was 92%; 82% of these patients had low MRD.ConclusionsEverolimus combined with four‐drug reinduction chemotherapy was generally well tolerated and associated with favorable rates of CR2 and low end‐reinduction MRD. The recommended phase 2 dose of everolimus given in combination with a four‐drug reinduction is 5 mg/m2/day. This promising combination should be further evaluated in a larger patient cohort.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipo‐alkaloids and fatty acids in Aconitum carmichaelii using LC–MS and GC–MS
Authors: Liang Ying , Yan Guan‐Yu , Wu Jian‐Lin , Zong Xingxing , Liu Zhongqiu , Zhou Hua , Liu Liang , Li Na 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionLipo‐alkaloid (LA) is a kind of C19‐norditerpenoid alkaloid in Aconitum species, which usually contains an aconitane skeleton and one or two fatty acid residues.ObjectiveTo qualify and quantify the fatty acids and lipo‐alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaelii.MethodologyAn ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QQQ‐MS) method was established to quantify LAs, while the free fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS).ResultsSix major LAs (1–6) containing linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acid residues as side chains were quantified. Eighteen fatty acids were determined by GC–MS, and 15 were detected as the side chains of LAs. The LAs containing these 15 fatty acid residues accounted for about a third of the total identified LAs. Moreover, the contents of linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were highest. In addition, 12 oxygenated fatty acids were also identified by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS for the first time.ConclusionThe positive correlation between free fatty acids and LAs in A. carmichaelii indicated that the types and contents of LAs were influenced by free fatty acids.
Improvement in early detection of orofacial clefts using the axial view of the maxilla
Authors: Zheng Ming M. , Tang Hui R. , Zhang Yan , Ru Tong , Li Jie , Xu Bi Y. , Gu Yan , Xu Yan , Hu Ya L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the maxilla in the axial view in detection of orofacial clefts (OC) compared with the retronasal triangle (RNT) in the coronal view and palatine line in the sagittal view at the early stage of gestation.MethodsA total of 2982 fetuses (including 315 twins) were enrolled for the first‐trimester screening in this prospective study. The maxilla in the axial view, palatine line in the sagittal view, and RNT in the coronal view were scanned by 2‐dimensional ultrasound.ResultsExcluded 103 cases lost to follow‐up, 2879 fetuses were analyzed in our study. Obtaining rates of the satisfactory image of the maxilla in the axial view, RNT in the coronal view, and palatine line in the sagittal view were 95.2%, 93.8%, and 98.2% respectively. Abnormal axial view of the maxilla, coronal view of the RNT, and sagittal view of the palatine line were observed in 100% (8/8), 75% (6/8), and 50% (4/8) of the CLP cases respectively.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that using the axial view of maxilla in the diagnosis of OC is feasible and improved the detection of OC compared with the sagittal view of the palatine line and coronal view of the RNT in the first trimester.
Apelins, ELABELA, and their derivatives: Peptidic regulators of the cardiovascular system and beyond
Authors: Murza Alexandre , Trân Kien , Bruneau‐Cossette Laurent , Lesur Olivier , Auger‐Messier Mannix , Lavigne Pierre , Sarret Philippe , Marsault Éric 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe apelinergic system emerges as an important regulator of cardiovascular functions via its actions on the heart, vasculature, and kidney. It also possesses additional beneficial properties, via its actions on the pancreas and skeletal muscle, on type 2 diabetes. The apelinergic system distinguishes itself by the presence of two structurally distinct sets of endogenous ligands, the Apelins (–13, −17, and −36) and Elabela, which both activate the apelin (APJ) receptor. In the past decade, numerous peptidic ligands have been used to better understand the structure–activity relationship of apelin (and more recently Elabela), providing important tools to rationalize how ligand modifications impact receptor structure and dynamics as well as its downstream signaling. The recently disclosed structure of the apelin receptor in complex with an analogue of apelin‐17 provides an important tool in this quest. In this review, we first summarize the physiopharmacology of the apelinergic system, then, review existing knowledge on the various ligands of the apelin receptor with an emphasis on peptidic ligands, although small molecules are covered as well. Throughout this work, we tried to integrate existing knowledge of ligands’ pharmacological profiles with structure and signaling profile.