bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic and label‐free identification of blood vessels in gliomas using the combination of multiphoton microscopy and image analysis
Authors: Fang Na , Wu Zanyi , Wang Xingfu , Kang Dezhi , Li Lianhuang , Chen Yupeng , Zheng Xianying , Cai Shanshan , Liu Xueyong , Chen Zhida , Tu Haohua , Lin Yuanxiang , Chen Jianxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCurrently, the targeted treatment of tumor based on the tumor microenvironment is newly developed. Blood vessels are the key parts in the tumor microenvironment, which is taken as a new visible target for tumor therapy. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on the second harmonic generation and two‐photon excited fluorescence, is available to make the label‐free analysis on the blood vessels in human gliomas. MPM can reveal the vascular morphological characteristics in gliomas, including vascular malformation, intense vascular proliferation, perivascular collagen deposition, perivascular lymphocytes aggregation and microvascular proliferation. In addition, the image analysis algorithms were developed to automatically calculate the perivascular collagen content, vascular cavity area, lumen area, wall area and vessel number. Thus, the vascular morphology, the perivascular collagen deposition and intense vascular proliferation degree can be further quantitatively characterized. Compared with the pathological analysis, the combination of MPM and image analysis has potential advantages in making a quantitative and qualitative analyzing on vascular morphology in glioma microenvironment. As micro‐endoscope and two‐photon fiberscope are technologically improved, this combined method will be a useful imaging way to make the real‐time research on the targeting tumor microenvironment in gliomas.
A Simple and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes by Using Dipyridine Copper Chloride as Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Madhav J. Venu , Kumar V. Naveen , Someshwar P. , Rajitha B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstractmagnified imageConvenient and facile synthesis of aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes is described through a one pot condensation of β‐naphthol and aryl aldehydes in the presence of dipyridine copper chloride as the Lewis acid catalyst under solvent free conditions.
Synthesis of 4,8‐Substitiutednaphtho[2,1‐b]thiophene Threading Intercalators
Authors: Badr Sahar , El-Kerdawy Mohamed M. , Tanious Farial A. , Wilson W. David , Boykin David W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstractmagnified imageEight 4,8‐substitiutednaphtho[2,1‐b]thiophenes with cationic containing side chains were synthesized as potential threading intercalators and their DNA binding affinity was evaluated. The key step in the synthesis of these systems was oxidative‐photocyclizatJon of α‐(2‐thienyl)‐β‐(4‐methoxycarbonylphenyl) acrylic acid. Various N ,N‐dimethylaminoalkylammes were coupled With naphtho[2,1‐b]thiophene 4,8‐dicarboxylic acid to yield the title compounds.
In situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography for determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey samples
Authors: Yang Chong , Ran Lu , Xu Meilin , Ren Dabing , Yi Lunzhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine four neonicotinoid insecticides in wild and commercial honey samples. In this method, a hydrophobic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, formed by in situ reaction between potassium hexafluorophosphate and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide in sample solution, was used as the extraction solvent. In comparison with the traditional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method, the developed method required no dispersive solvent. To achieve high extraction efficiency and enrichment factor, the effects of various experimental parameters were studied in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.30–0.62 and 1.20–2.50 μg/L, respectively. The method showed high enrichment factors (74–115) with the recoveries between 81.0 and 103.4%. The proposed method was finally applied to different wild and commercial honey samples.
MTHFR C677T polymorphism analysis: A simple, effective restriction enzyme‐based method improving previous protocols
Authors: Antonaros Francesca , Olivucci Giulia , Cicchini Elena , Ramacieri Giuseppe , Pelleri Maria Chiara , Vitale Lorenza , Strippoli Pierluigi , Locatelli Chiara , Cocchi Guido , Piovesan Allison , Caracausi Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground5,10‐Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism is one of the most studied genetic variations in the human genome. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) is one of the most used techniques to characterize the point mutations in genomic sequences because of its suitability and low cost. The most widely used method for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism characterization was developed by Frosst et al. (1995) but appears to have some technical limitations. The aim of this study was to propose a novel PCR‐RFLP method for the detection of this polymorphism.MethodsIn order to retrieve all published articles possibly describing any PCR‐RFLP methods useful to analyze MTHFR C677T polymorphism, we performed systematic queries on PubMed, using a combination of Boolean operators (AND/OR) and MeSH terms. Amplify software was used in order to design a new primer pair following the optimal standard criteria. Primer‐BLAST software was used to check primer pair's biological specificity.ResultsThe analysis of previous literature showed that PCR‐RFLP method remains the most used technique. None of the 108 primer pairs described was ideal with regard to main accepted primer pair biochemical technical parameters. The new primer pair amplifies a DNA‐fragment of 513 base pair (bp) that, in the presence of the polymorphism, is cut by Hinf I enzyme in two pieces of 146 bp and 367 bp and clearly visible on 2% agarose gel. The level of expertise and the materials required are minimal and the protocol takes one day to carry out.ConclusionOur original PCR‐RFLP strategy, specifically designed to make the analysis optimal with respect to PCR primers and gel analysis, fits the ideal criteria compared to the widely used strategy by Frosst et al (1995) as well as any other PCR‐RFLP strategies proposed for MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping to date.
Parametric topology optimization with multiresolution finite element models
Authors: Keshavarzzadeh Vahid , Kirby Robert M. , Narayan Akil 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe present a methodical procedure for topology optimization under uncertainty with multiresolution finite element (FE) models. We use our framework in a bifidelity setting where a coarse and a fine mesh corresponding to low‐ and high‐resolution models are available. The inexpensive low‐resolution model is used to explore the parameter space and approximate the parameterized high‐resolution model and its sensitivity, where parameters are considered in both structural load and stiffness. We provide error bounds for bifidelity FE approximations and their sensitivities and conduct numerical studies to verify these theoretical estimates. We demonstrate our approach on benchmark compliance minimization problems, where we show significant reduction in computational cost for expensive problems such as topology optimization under manufacturing variability, reliability‐based topology optimization, and three‐dimensional topology optimization while generating almost identical designs to those obtained with a single‐resolution mesh. We also compute the parametric von Mises stress for the generated designs via our bifidelity FE approximation and compare them with standard Monte Carlo simulations. The implementation of our algorithm, which extends the well‐known 88‐line topology optimization code in MATLAB, is provided.
New data on non‐human primates from the ancient Near East: The recent discovery of a rhesus macaque burial at Shahr‐i Sokhta (Iran)
Authors: Minniti Claudia , Sajjadi Seyed Mansour Seyed 
Published: March 2019

AbstractShahr‐i Sokhta (Iran) was an important urban settlement in the Near East between the end of the fourth millennium and the beginning of the second millennium BC. It entertained trade and cultural relations with ancient sites and cultures on the Indus Plain, southern shores of the Persian Gulf and of the Oman Sea, Southwest Iran, and Central Asia. The recent discovery of a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) burial in the cemetery of site shed new light on the exploitation of monkeys in antiquity. A young rhesus macaque—around 5 years old at death—was buried in the necropolis according to the same funerary practices used for human infants. The monkey was buried in a simple pit, together with an unpainted pear‐shaped beaker. Both its femurs were pathological, due to a sort of dystrophic calcification of the tendon or muscle insertion, that may suggest the macaque was kept in captivity and died due to physical stress. No non‐human primate species is native of Iran; rhesus macaques inhabit parts of southern and south‐eastern regions of Central Asia. A possible provenance from the Indus valley of the macaque found at Shahr‐i Sokhta can be hypothesized. Although findings of monkey remains are rare, iconographic and written sources widely testify that non‐human primates were imported to the Near East in the fourth‐to‐second millennium BC as luxury animals and symbols of power, often as gifts for the elite. This discovery represents one of the earliest examples of monkeys being kept as pets.
Titanium exposure and human health
Authors: Tibau Anita V. , Grube Blanche D. , Velez Braulio J. , Vega Victor M. , Mutter Joachim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHistorically, titanium (Ti) has maintained the reputation of being an inert and relatively biocompatible metal, suitable for use in both medical and dental prosthesis. There are many published articles supporting these views, but there is recent scientific evidence that Ti, or its corrosive by‐products, may cause harmful reactions in humans. It is important for all medical and dental professionals to understand the implications, complexities, and all potential pathways of exposure to this metal. These exposures are not only from the environment but also through various commonly used products in medicine that are often completely overlooked. These external (intermittent) and internal (constant) exposures have an impact on whole‐body health. This review examines possible harmful effects, risks, and often ignored potential complications of Ti exposure to human health.
Metabolomics of sorghum roots during nitrogen stress reveals compromised metabolic capacity for salicylic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Sheflin Amy M. , Chiniquy Dawn , Yuan Chaohui , Goren Emily , Kumar Indrajit , Braud Max , Brutnell Thomas , Eveland Andrea L. , Tringe Susannah , Liu Peng , Kresovich Stephen , Marsh Ellen L. , Schachtman Daniel P. , Prenni Jessica E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most productive cereal crop worldwide with some hybrids having high biomass yield traits making it promising for sustainable, economical biofuel production. To maximize biofuel feedstock yields, a more complete understanding of metabolic responses to low nitrogen (N) will be useful for incorporation in crop improvement efforts. In this study, 10 diverse sorghum entries (including inbreds and hybrids) were field‐grown under low and full N conditions and roots were sampled at two time points for metabolomics and 16S amplicon sequencing. Roots of plants grown under low N showed altered metabolic profiles at both sampling dates including metabolites important in N storage and synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Complementary investigation of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed dominance by a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in an early sampling that was taxonomically assigned to the genus Pseudomonas. Abundance of this Pseudomonas OTU was significantly greater under low N in July and was decreased dramatically in September. Correlation of Pseudomonas abundance with root metabolites revealed a strong negative association with the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) under full N but not under low N, suggesting reduced defense response. Roots from plants with N stress also contained reduced phenylalanine, a precursor for SA, providing further evidence for compromised metabolic capacity for defense response under low N conditions. Our findings suggest that interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses may affect metabolic capacity for plant defense and need to be concurrently prioritized as breeding programs become established for biofuels production on marginal soils.
Effect of crosslinking on the properties of partially fluorinated anion exchange membranes
Authors: Koronka Daniel , Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA series of crosslinked, ammonium‐functionalized, and partially fluorinated copolymers have been prepared and evaluated as anion exchange membranes. In order to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the membrane properties, precursor copolymers containing chloromethyl groups were crosslinked with various aliphatic diamines followed by quaternization with monoamines. Crosslinking was effective in lowering water absorbability at no expense of high hydroxide ion conductivity of the membranes. By tuning the degree of crosslinking (20 mol %) and crosslinker chain length (C6 and C8), the highest ion conductivity of 73 mS/cm (at 80°C in water) was achieved. Furthermore, alkaline stability of the membranes was also improved by the crosslinking; the remaining ion conductivity after the stability test (in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 80°C) was 8.2 mS/cm (after 1000 h) for the C6 crosslinked membrane and 1 mS/cm (after 500 h) for the uncrosslinked membrane, respectively. The ammonium groups attached with the crosslinkers seemed more alkaline stable than the uncrosslinked benzyltrimethylammonium groups, while the polymer main chain was intact under the harsh alkaline conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1059–1069
Dye‐Sensitized Core/Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles for Detecting Nitrites in Plant Cells
Authors: Hu Junshan , Zhan Shiping , Fu Hao , Nie Guozheng , Hu Shigang , Wu Shaobing , Shi Lichun , Wu Xiaofeng , Liu Yunxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA fluorescent nanoprobe is reported for rapid detection of nitrites (NO2−) in plant cells. The probe is fabricated by linking neutral reds (NR) to the surface of upconversion fluorescent core/shell nanocrystalline with the bridging of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. The fluorescence of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is stored by NR through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) under 980 nm excitation that can be released by further linking to NO2−. It is observed that the intensity rate of green to red emission of NR‐modified UCNPs changes linearly with increasing the amount of NO2−. So that concentration of NO2− can be accordingly addressed. Worth mentioning is that, comparing with bare core upconversion nanoparticles (NPs), core/shell UCNPs can greatly reduce the surface quenching of the fluorescence induced by solvents instead of NR and thus leading to the enhancement of signal‐to‐noise ratios. Moreover, excitation of core/shell UCNPs requires only a much lower power (0.06 W cm−2) than bare cores which is beneficial to reducing the decomposition of NR to stabilize the FRET processes. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of nitrite in plant cells was 0.1 µg mL−1.
Hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone results in the formation of Protein‐Cys‐S‐S‐homocysteinylation
Authors: Silla Yumnam , Varshney Swati , Ray Arjun , Basak Trayambak , Zinellu Angelo , Sabareesh Varatharajan , Carru Ciriaco , Sengupta Shantanu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn increased level of homocysteine, a reactive thiol amino acid, is associated with several complex disorders and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A majority (>80%) of circulating homocysteine is protein bound. Homocysteine exclusively binds to protein cysteine residues via thiol disulfide exchange reaction, the mechanism of which has been reported. In contrast, homocysteine thiolactone, the cyclic thioester of homocysteine, is believed to exclusively bind to the primary amine group of lysine residue leading to N‐homocysteinylation of proteins and hence studies on binding of homocysteine thiolactone to proteins thus far have only focused on N‐homocysteinylation. Although it is known that homocysteine thiolactone can hydrolyze to homocysteine at physiological pH, surprisingly the extent of S‐homocysteinylation during the exposure of homocysteine thiolactone with proteins has never been looked into. In this study, we clearly show that the hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone is pH dependent, and at physiological pH, 1 mM homocysteine thiolactone is hydrolysed to ~0.71 mM homocysteine within 24 h. Using albumin, we also show that incubation of HTL with albumin leads to a greater proportion of S‐homocysteinylation (0.41 mol/mol of albumin) than N‐homocysteinylation (0.14 mol/mol of albumin). S‐homocysteinylation at Cys34 of HSA on treatment with homocysteine thiolactone was confirmed using LC‐MS. Further, contrary to earlier reports, our results indicate that there is no cross talk between the cysteine attached to Cys34 of albumin and homocysteine attached to lysine residues.
Root‐associated microbes in sustainable agriculture: models, metabolites and mechanisms
Authors: Thomashow Linda S , Kwak Youn‐Sig , Weller David M 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSince the discovery of penicillin in 1928 and throughout the ‘age of antibiotics’ from the 1940s until the 1980s, the detection of novel antibiotics was restricted by lack of knowledge about the distribution and ecology of antibiotic producers in nature. The discovery that a phenazine compound produced by Pseudomonas bacteria could suppress soilborne plant pathogens, and its recovery from rhizosphere soil in 1990, provided the first incontrovertible evidence that natural metabolites could control plant pathogens in the environment and opened a new era in biological control by root‐associated rhizobacteria. More recently, the advent of genomics, the availability of highly sensitive bioanalytical instrumentation, and the discovery of protective endophytes have accelerated progress toward overcoming many of the impediments that until now have limited the exploitation of beneficial plant‐associated microbes to enhance agricultural sustainability. Here, we present key developments that have established the importance of these microbes in the control of pathogens, discuss concepts resulting from the exploration of classical model systems, and highlight advances emerging from ongoing investigations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced energy‐based analyses of trusses employing hybrid metaheuristics
Authors: Bekdaş Gebrail , Kayabekir Aylin Ece , Nigdeli Sinan Melih , Toklu Yusuf Cengiz 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTotal potential optimization using metaheuristic algorithm (TPO/MA) is an alternative method in structural analyses, and it is a black‐box application for nonlinear analyses. In the study, an advanced TPO/MA using hybridization of several metaheuristic algorithms is investigated to solve large‐scale structural analyses problems. The new generation algorithms considered in the study are flower pollination algorithm (FPA), teaching learning‐based optimization, and Jaya algorithm (JA). Also, the proposed methods are compared with methodologies using classic and previously used algorithms such as differential evaluation, particle swarm optimization, and harmony search. Numerical investigations were carried out for structures with four to 150 degrees of freedoms (design variables). It has been seen that in several runs, JA gets trapped into local solutions. For that reason, four different hybrid algorithms using fundamentals of JA and phases of other algorithms, namely, JA using Lévy flights, JA using Lévy flights and linear distribution, JA with consequent student phase, and JA with probabilistic student phase (JA1SP), are developed. It is observed that among the variants tried, JA1SP is seen to be more effective on approaching to the global optimum without getting trapped in a local solution.
On the use and misuse of climate change projections in international development
Authors: Nissan Hannah , Goddard Lisa , de Perez Erin Coughlan , Furlow John , Baethgen Walter , Thomson Madeleine C. , Mason Simon J. 
Published: March 2019

Climate resilience is increasingly prioritized by international development agencies and national governments. However, current approaches to informing communities of future climate risk are problematic. The predominant focus on end‐of‐century projections neglects more pressing development concerns, which relate to the management of shorter‐term risks and climate variability, and constitutes a substantial opportunity cost for the limited financial and human resources available to tackle development challenges. When a long‐term view genuinely is relevant to decision‐making, much of the information available is not fit for purpose. Climate model projections are able to capture many aspects of the climate system and so can be relied upon to guide mitigation plans and broad adaptation strategies, but the use of these models to guide local, practical adaptation actions is unwarranted. Climate models are unable to represent future conditions at the degree of spatial, temporal, and probabilistic precision with which projections are often provided, which gives a false impression of confidence to users of climate change information. In this article, we outline these issues, review their history, and provide a set of practical steps for both the development and climate scientist communities to consider. Solutions to mobilize the best available science include a focus on decision‐relevant timescales, an increased role for model evaluation and expert judgment and the integration of climate variability into climate change services.This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development