bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cilia Function in Rat Trachea Reconstructed Using Collagen Sponge Scaffold Seeded with Adipose Tissue‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Katsuno Tatsuya , Tateya Ichiro , Omori Koichi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe tracheal lumen is essential for conducting air to the lung alveoli and for voice production. However, patients with severe tracheal stenosis and malignant tumors invading the trachea often require tracheal resection. Recently, various reported tissue engineering methods for tracheal reconstruction show that regeneration of ciliated epithelium in the reconstructed areas, as well as preservation of the luminal structure is possible. However, only few studies report on the mucociliary transport function in reconstructed tracheae. We investigated mucociliary transport function within rat tracheal epithelium, reorganized after autologous adipose tissue‐derived stem cell (ASC) transplantation. Rat ASCs were expanded in culture, and then seeded in a collagen sponge, which was physically supported with a polypropylene framework. The ASC‐seeded collagen sponge was transplanted into the rat tracheal defect. We then examined the motility and transport function of cilia generated in the transplanted area using ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and microsphere movement analyses. Our data suggested that autologous ASC transplantation promoted ciliogenesis, consistent with previous reports. The CBF analysis revealed that motility of the cilia generated in the ASC group was comparable to that observed in the normal rat tracheal epithelium. Transport function in the ASC group was higher than that in the control group. These data suggested that autologous ASC transplantation increased ciliated cells in the reconstructed area without significantly disrupting cilia motility, thereby promoting transport function regeneration. Autologous ASC transplantation is expected to be beneficial in morphological and functional regeneration of tracheal epithelium. Anat Rec, 303:471–477, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
An improved sum‐of‐squares based approach to fuzzy tracking control design of nonlinear systems
Authors: Pakkhesal Sajjad , Mohammadzaman Iman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, using a more general Lyapunov function, less conservative sum‐of‐squares (SOS) stability conditions for polynomial‐fuzzy‐model‐based tracking control systems are derived. In tracking control problems the objective is to drive the system states of a nonlinear plant to follow the system states of a given reference model. A state feedback polynomial fuzzy controller is employed to achieve this goal. The tracking control design is formulated as an SOS optimization problem. Here, unlike previous SOS‐based tracking control approaches, a full‐state‐dependent Lyapunov matrix is used, which reduces the conservatism of the stability criteria. Furthermore, the SOS conditions are derived to guarantee the system stability subject to a given H∞ performance. The proposed method is applied to the pitch‐axis autopilot design problem of a high‐agile tail‐controlled pursuit and another numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.
Multicentre study of non-surgical management of diverticulitis with abscess formation
Authors: Lambrichts D P V , Bolkenstein H E , van der Does D C H E , Dieleman D , Crolla R M P H , Dekker J W T , van Duijvendijk P , Gerhards M F , Nienhuijs S W , Menon A G , de Graaf E J R , Consten E C J , Draaisma W A , Broeders I A M J , Bemelman W A , Lange J F 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment strategies for diverticulitis with abscess formation have shifted from (emergency) surgical treatment to non-surgical management (antibiotics with or without percutaneous drainage (PCD)). The aim was to assess outcomes of non-surgical treatment and to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes.MethodsPatients with a first episode of CT-diagnosed diverticular abscess (modified Hinchey Ib or II) between January 2008 and January 2015 were included retrospectively, if initially treated non-surgically. Baseline characteristics, short-term (within 30 days) and long-term treatment outcomes were recorded. Treatment failure was a composite outcome of complications (perforation, colonic obstruction and fistula formation), readmissions, persistent diverticulitis, emergency surgery, death, or need for PCD in the no-PCD group. Regression analyses were used to analyse risk factors for treatment failure, recurrences and surgery.ResultsOverall, 447 patients from ten hospitals were included (Hinchey Ib 215; Hinchey II 232), with a median follow-up of 72 (i.q.r. 55–93) months. Most patients were treated without PCD (332 of 447, 74·3 per cent). Univariable analyses, stratified by Hinchey grade, showed no differences between no PCD and PCD in short-term treatment failure (Hinchey I: 22·3 versus 33 per cent, P = 0·359; Hinchey II: 25·9 versus 36 per cent, P = 0·149) or emergency surgery (Hinchey I: 5·1 versus 6 per cent, P = 0·693; Hinchey II: 10·4 versus 15 per cent, P = 0·117), but significantly more complications were found in patients with Hinchey II disease undergoing PCD (12 versus 3·7 per cent; P = 0·032). Multivariable analyses showed that treatment strategy (PCD versus no PCD) was not independently associated with short-term treatment failure (odds ratio (OR) 1·47, 95 per cent c.i. 0·81 to 2·68), emergency surgery (OR 1·29, 0·56 to 2·99) or long-term surgery (hazard ratio 1·08, 95 per cent c.i. 0·69 to 1·69). Abscesses of at least 3 cm in diameter were associated with short-term treatment failure (OR 2·05, 1·09 to 3·86), and abscesses of 5 cm or larger with the need for surgery during short-term follow-up (OR 2·96, 1·03 to 8·13).ConclusionThe choice between PCD with antibiotics or antibiotics alone as initial non-surgical treatment of Hinchey Ib and II diverticulitis does not seem to influence outcomes.
Understanding cognitive functioning in glioma patients: The relevance of IDH‐mutation status and functional connectivity
Authors: Derks Jolanda , Kulik Shanna , Wesseling Pieter , Numan Tianne , Hillebrand Arjan , van Dellen Edwin , de Witt Hamer Philip C. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Stam Cornelis J. , Klein Martin , Douw Linda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCognitive deficits occur frequently in diffuse glioma patients, but are limitedly understood. An important marker for survival in these patients is isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (IDH‐mut). Patients with IDH‐mut glioma have a better prognosis but more often suffer from epilepsy than patients with IDH‐wildtype (IDH‐wt) glioma, who are generally older and more often have cognitive deficits. We investigated whether global brain functional connectivity differs between patients with IDH‐mut and IDH‐wt glioma, and whether this measure reflects variations in cognitive functioning in these subpopulations beyond the associated differences in age and presence of epilepsy.MethodsWe recorded magnetoencephalography and tested cognitive functioning in 54 diffuse glioma patients (31 IDH‐mut, 23 IDH‐wt). Global functional connectivity between 78 atlas regions spanning the entire cortex was calculated in two frequency bands (theta and alpha). Group differences in global functional connectivity were tested, as was their association with cognitive functioning, controlling for age, education, and presence of epilepsy.ResultsPatients with IDH‐wt glioma had lower functional connectivity in the alpha band than patients with IDH‐mut glioma (p = 0.040, corrected for age and presence of epilepsy). Lower alpha band functional connectivity was associated with poorer cognitive performance (p < 0.034), corrected for age, education, and presence of epilepsy.ConclusionGlobal functional connectivity is lower in patients with IDH‐wt diffuse glioma compared to patients with IDH‐mut diffuse glioma. Moreover, having lower functional alpha connectivity relates to poorer cognitive performance in patients with diffuse glioma, regardless of age, education, and presence of epilepsy.
The induction of ferroptosis by impairing STAT3/Nrf2/GPx4 signaling enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that promoting ferroptosis is a promising approach to attenuate drug resistance of cancer cells. Hence, this study aimed to induce ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity to cisplatin. Osteosarcoma cells MG63 and Saos‐2 were incubated with increasing doses of cisplatin to generate cisplatin‐resistant strains, MG63/DDP and Saos‐2/DDP. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and cell death, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid oxidation in cells were measured to evaluate the degree of cell ferroptosis. MG63/DDP and Saos‐2/DDP cells showed increased viability and decreased death rate compared with MG63 and Saos‐2 cells, respectively, upon cisplatin treatment. Western blotting analysis indicated that protein levels of p‐STAT3 (Ser727), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in drug‐resistant strains increased significantly in response to cisplatin. Co‐treatment with cisplatin and agonists of ferroptosis, Erastin, and RSL3, remarkably increased MDA, ROS, lipid oxidation, and sensitivity to cisplatin, in MG63/DDP and Saos‐2/DDP cells. Similar results were observed by co‐treatment of cells with cisplatin and a STAT3 inhibitor. The reduction of protein levels of p‐STAT3 (Ser727), Nrf2, and GPx4 in MG63/DDP and Saos‐2/DDP cells resulted in increased ferroptosis and sensitivity to cisplatin. These results indicate that cisplatin‐resistant osteosarcoma cells inhibited ferroptosis after exposure to low doses of cisplatin. However, ferroptosis agonists and STAT3 inhibitor reactivated ferroptosis in the cells and consequently increased sensitivity to cisplatin. This study demonstrates a new approach to attenuate resistance of osteosarcoma to cisplatin in vitro
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The Importance of Detail: How Differences in Ligand Structures Determine Distinct Functional Responses in Integrin αvβ3
Authors: Paladino Antonella , Civera Monica , Curnis Flavio , Paolillo Mayra , Gennari Cesare , Piarulli Umberto , Corti Angelo , Belvisi Laura , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLigand‐based control of protein functional motions can provide novel opportunities in the study of fundamental biological mechanisms and in the development of novel therapeutics. In this work we addressed the ligand‐based modulation of integrin functions. Inhibitors of integrin αvβ3 are interesting anticancer agents but their molecular mechanisms are still unclear: Peptides and peptidomimetics characterized by the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) or isoAsp‐Gly‐Arg (isoDGR) binding motifs have shown controversial agonist/antagonist effects. We have investigated the differential mechanisms of integrin activation/deactivation by three distinct ligands (cyclo‐RGDf(NMe)V (Cilengitide), cyclo[DKP3‐RGD], cyclo[DKP3‐isoDGR]; DKP=diketopiperazine) through a comparative analysis of ligand‐controlled protein internal dynamics: Although RGD facilitates the onset of dynamic states leading to activation, isoDGR induces a diffuse rigidification of the complex consistent with antagonist activities. Computational predictions have been experimentally probed by showing that the antibody AP5, which is capable of recognizing the active form of integrin, binds specifically to the RGD complexes and not to the isoDGR complex, which supports opposite functional roles of the two motifs targeting the same binding site.
Double Cu‐Catalyzed Direct Csp3−H Azidation/ CuAAC Reaction: A Direct Approach towards Demanding Triazole Conjugates
Authors: Brandhofer Tobias , Özdemir Aysegül , Gini Andrea , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Olga García Mancheño and Andrea Gini, previously at Regensburg University and currently at Münster University and Geneva University, respectively. The image depicts a dinosaur with its spines covered by the Cu‐catalyst to symbolize the one‐pot cascade reaction. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201806288.
Model Experiments on Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Rosenberg Dominique , Busker Maike , Jansen Walter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRedox‐Flow‐Batteries werden derzeit als eine mögliche Technologie zur Energiespeicherung im Rahmen der Energiewende diskutiert. Neben einem einfachen Laboraufbau für die Schule und das Hochschulpraktikum kann das Prinzip von Redox‐Flow‐Batteries mit verschiedenen Modellversuchen dargestellt werden. Durch diese Modellversuche werden der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise von Redox‐Flow‐Batteries simpel demonstriert.
Tetrahydroindoles as Multipurpose Screening Compounds and Novel Sirtuin Inhibitors
Authors: Vojacek Steffen , Schulig Lukas , Wössner Nathalie , Geist Norman , Langel Walter , Jung Manfred , Schade Dennis , Link Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIndoles are privileged structures in medicinal and bioorganic chemistry that are particularly well suited to serve as platforms for diversity. Among many other therapeutic areas, the indole scaffold has been used to design aromatic compounds useful to interfere with enzymes engaged in the regulation of substrate acylation status, such as sirtuins. However, the planarity of the indole ring is not necessarily optimal for all target enzymes, especially when functionalization with aromatic side chains is required. Replacement of flat scaffolds by nonplanar molecular cores dominated by sp3 hybridization is a common strategy to avoid the disadvantages associated with poor solubility and high promiscuity, while covering less‐well‐explored areas of chemical space. Thus, we synthesized fragment‐like tetrahydroindoles suitable for fragment‐based drug discovery as well as a well‐characterized small library intended as multipurpose screening compounds. For proof of principle, these compounds were screened against sirtuins 1–3, enzymes known to be addressable by indoles. We found that 2,6,6‐trimethyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamides are potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitors. Compound 16 t displayed an IC50 value of 0.98 μm and could serve as exquisite starting point for hit‐to‐lead profiling.
A Phase I Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Adults With Severe Renal Impairment and Healthy Matched Control Participants
Authors: Parasrampuria Ridhi , Ford Susan L. , Lou Yu , Fu Caifeng , Bakshi Kalpana K. , Tenorio Allan R. , Trezza Christine , Spreen William R. , Patel Parul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of cabotegravir, an investigational HIV‐1 integrase inhibitor. This was a phase I, open‐label, parallel‐group, multicenter study conducted in 8 participants with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min; no renal replacement therapy) and 8 healthy participants (creatinine clearance >90 mL/min; 2 women/group; 6 men/group) matched for sex, age (±10 years), and body mass index (±25%). Participants received a single 30‐mg oral cabotegravir tablet to determine total and unbound plasma cabotegravir concentrations. Arithmetic and geometric least squares means were calculated, and cabotegravir noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using geometric least squares mean ratios with 90% confidence intervals. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Geometric least squares mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) were 0.97 (0.84–1.14) for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity, 1.01 (0.87–1.17) for maximum observed plasma concentration, 1.31 (0.84–2.03) for unbound cabotegravir 2 hours after dosing, and 1.51 (1.19–1.92) for unbound cabotegravir 24 hours after dosing. All adverse events were grade 1, except grade 3 lipase elevation in a participant with renal impairment. Severe renal impairment did not impact plasma cabotegravir exposure, and cabotegravir may be administered without dose adjustment in renal impairment among patients not receiving renal replacement.
Visualisation of Electronic Excited‐State Correlation in Real Space
Authors: Plasser Felix 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA method for the visualisation of excited‐state electron correlation is introduced and shown to address two notorious problems in excited‐state electronic structure theory, the analysis of excitonic correlation and the distinction between covalent and ionic wavefunction character. The method operates by representing the excited state in terms of electron and hole quasiparticles, fixing the hole on a fragment of the system and observing the resulting conditional electron density in real space. The application of this approach to oligothiophene, an exemplary conjugated polymer, illuminates excitonic correlation effects of its excited states in unprecedented clarity and detail. A study of naphthalene shows that the distinction between the ionic and covalent states of this molecule, which has so far only been achieved using elaborate valence‐bond theory protocols, arises naturally in terms of electron‐hole avoidance and enhanced overlap, respectively. More generally, the method is relevant for any excited state that cannot be described by a single electronic configuration.
Evolution of population structure in an estuarine‐dependent marine fish
Authors: Hollenbeck Christopher M. , Portnoy David S. , Gold John R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRestriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to characterize neutral and adaptive genetic variation among geographic samples of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, an estuarine‐dependent fish found in coastal waters along the southeastern coast of the United States (Atlantic) and the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Analyses of neutral and outlier loci revealed three genetically distinct regional clusters: one in the Atlantic and two in the northern Gulf. Divergence in neutral loci indicated gradual genetic change and followed a linear pattern of isolation by distance. Divergence in outlier loci was at least an order of magnitude greater than divergence in neutral loci, and divergence between the regions in the Gulf was twice that of divergence between other regions. Discordance in patterns of genetic divergence between outlier and neutral loci is consistent with the hypothesis that the former reflects adaptive responses to environmental factors that vary on regional scales, while the latter largely reflects drift processes. Differences in basic habitat, initiated by glacial retreat and perpetuated by contemporary oceanic and atmospheric forces interacting with the geomorphology of the northern Gulf, followed by selection, appear to have led to reduced gene flow among red drum across the northern Gulf, reinforcing differences accrued during isolation and resulting in continued divergence across the genome. This same dynamic also may pertain to other coastal or nearshore fishes (18 species in 14 families) where genetically or morphologically defined sister taxa occur in the three regions.
Three‐dimensional imaging of subsurface delamination in carbon fiber reinforced plastic using photoacoustic wave method
Authors: Nakahata Kazuyuki , Ogi Keiji , Mizukami Koichi , Ohira Katsumi , Maruyama Masayuki , Wada Satoshi , Namita Takeshi , Shiina Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUltrasonic wave generated by interaction of the material with pulsed lasers is known as photoacoustic (PA) wave. In this study, the PA imaging is applied to the nondestructive testing for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). When subsurface flaws are in CFRP, the detection of the flaws is sometimes challenging because the trailing signal from the surface interferes with the scattered signal from the flaws. Here, we developed a PA microscopy (PAM) to reconstruct the location and shape of the subsurface flaws. The PAM employs a confocal arrangement of optical and acoustic lens to maximize the intensity of generated PA waves. To enhance the lateral resolution of the image, we introduced the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). In the SAFT, it is necessary to consider direction‐dependent group velocities due to the strong anisotropy in CFRP. The performance of the PA imaging combined with the SAFT was checked with artificial delaminations in a cross‐ply CFRP specimen. It was shown that the PA wave had a wide frequency band and our method offered a high spatial resolution image.
Spatial variability in beach biogeomorphology in a tropical archipelago
Authors: Gore Shannon , Cooper J. Andrew G. , Jackson Derek W.T. , Jarecki Lianna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBeaches of tropical island coasts exhibit high levels of diversity in composition and form in comparison with their continental counterparts. To investigate the nature and origin of this diversity, individual beach morphology and sedimentology was investigated in the British Virgin Islands (BVI), a Caribbean archipelago of > 60 high volcanic and low reef islands. The islands exhibit a diversity of orientations (some facing the Atlantic and some the Caribbean), elevation and gradient, rock type and wave energy. An examination of 100 beaches in the archipelago revealed a first‐order division into sand (70 beaches) and coral rubble (30 beaches). These beaches occur in seven planform types (determined by the antecedent geological framework) and are further subdivided according to shoreface type (seagrass, sandy shoreface, or reef). Mainland‐attached headland‐embayment beaches are the most common form of sand beach while coral rubble beaches usually occur as barriers that enclose salt ponds and wetlands.Among sand beaches, carbonate content is greatest on Atlantic‐facing beaches, and coral rubble beaches are more common on Caribbean‐facing beaches. Grain size characteristics on sandy beaches are highly variable and range from fine to very coarse sands while coral rubble beaches range up to boulder‐sized clasts. The local source material is a primary determinant of sediment composition.The local factors such as the underlying geology, source and availability of sediments are the primary determinants of beach form, composition and texture in the BVI. Oceanographic and climatic conditions such as the prevailing easterly trade winds and waves which seasonally range in direction from east‐northeast to southeast as well as beach orientation to Atlantic‐ or Caribbean‐facing waves also contribute to the variability, but in a secondary role. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse association between statin use and head and neck cancer: Population‐based case‐control study in Han population
Authors: Kao Li‐Ting , Hung Shih‐Han , Kao Pai‐Feng , Liu Ju‐Chi , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis case‐control study aimed to find the relationship between prior statin use and head and neck cancer occurrence using a large population‐based database.MethodsThis study used claims data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We included 5515 patients with head and neck cancer as cases and 5515 propensity score‐matched patients without head and neck cancer as controls. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between head and neck cancer and prior statin exposure.ResultsOf the 11 030 total sampled patients, 16.95% had previously received prescriptions for statins. In addition, statin exposure was found in 15.99% of cases and 17.91% of controls. The logistic regression also revealed that the adjusted odds ratio of prior statin exposure for cases was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.77‐0.95) compared to propensity score‐matched controls.ConclusionThis study found an inverse association between statin usage and head and neck cancer occurrence.