bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescence versus adulthood: Differences in basal mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine transmission and response to drugs of abuse
Authors: Corongiu Silvia , Dessì Christian , Cadoni Cristina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that people who begin experimenting drugs of abuse during adolescence are more likely to develop substance use disorders, and the earliest is the beginning of their use, the greatest is the likelihood to become dependent. Understanding the neurobiological changes increasing adolescent vulnerability to drug use is becoming imperative. Although all neurotransmitter systems undergo relevant developmental changes, dopamine system is of particular interest, given its role in a variety of functions related to reward, motivation, and decision making. Thus, in the present study, we investigated differences in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine transmission between adolescent (5, 6, 7 weeks of age) and adult rats (10‐12 weeks of age), in basal conditions and following drug challenge, by using in vivo brain microdialysis. Although no significant difference between adolescents and adults was observed in dopamine basal levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc)shell and core, reduced DA levels were found in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of early and mid‐adolescent rats. Adolescent rats showed greater increase of dopamine in the NAc shell following nicotine (0.4 mg/kg), THC (1.0 mg/kg), and morphine (1.0 mg/kg), in the NAc core following nicotine and morphine, and in the DLS following THC, morphine, and cocaine (10 mg/kg). These results, while adding new insight in the development and functionality of the dopamine system during different stages of adolescence, might provide a neurochemical basis for the greater vulnerability of adolescents to drugs of abuse and for the postulated gateway effect of nicotine and THC toward abuse of other illicit substances.
Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography shows alterations in children born preterm displaying poor literacy precursor skills
Authors: Burger Christina , Biermayr Marlene , Posod Anna , Neubauer Vera , Pupp Peglow Ulrike , Kuenz Katrin , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Griesmaier Elke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo assess whether amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) alterations in the newborn period are associated with poor precursor skills of literacy at five years of age in children born preterm.MethodsBetween October 2007 and September 2011 248 preterm infants were eligible for the study at Innsbruck Medical University Hospital. aEEG was analysed for dominating background activity, calculation of the percentage of continuous activity, the Burdjalov scoring system, the minimum, mean and maximum amplitude. At the age of five years, we evaluated preterm born children by the Bielefelder screening (BISC) to assess for early diagnosis of reading problems and weak spelling and classified them as normal performers (n = 64) or poor performers (n = 20). Completion of testing was not possible for one infant.ResultsThe minimum amplitude was significantly lower in the poor BISC performance group as compared to the normal BISC performance group at postnatal week two. The percentage of continuous background activity was significantly higher in infants with normal BISC performance than in infants with poor BISC performance at postnatal week three.ConclusionChildren with poor developed precursor skills of literacy showed alterations in aEEG signals. The aEEG could be useful in further diagnosing preterm infants at risk for developmental complications.
Traits linked with species invasiveness and community invasibility vary with time, stage and indicator of invasion in a long‐term grassland experiment
Authors: Catford Jane A. , Smith Annabel L. , Wragg Peter D. , Clark Adam T. , Kosmala Margaret , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Reich Peter B. , Tilman David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMuch uncertainty remains about traits linked with successful invasion – the establishment and spread of non‐resident species into existing communities. Using a 20‐year experiment, where 50 non‐resident (but mostly native) grassland plant species were sown into savannah plots, we ask how traits linked with invasion depend on invasion stage (establishment, spread), indicator of invasion success (occupancy, relative abundance), time, environmental conditions, propagule rain, and traits of invaders and invaded communities. Trait data for 164 taxa showed that invader occupancy was primarily associated with traits of invaders, traits of recipient communities, and invader‐community interactions. Invader abundance was more strongly associated with community traits (e.g. proportion legume) and trait differences between invaders and the most similar resident species. Annuals and invaders with high‐specific leaf area were only successful early in stand development, whereas invaders with conservative carbon capture strategies persisted long‐term. Our results indicate that invasion is context‐dependent and long‐term experiments are required to comprehensively understand invasions.
Typicality‐based collaborative filtering for book recommendation
Authors: B.L. Velammal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNowadays, personalized recommender system placed an important role to predict the customer needs, interest about particular product in various application domains, which is identified according to the product ratings. During this process, collaborative filtering (CF) has been utilized because it is one of familiar techniques in recommender systems. The conventional CF methods analyse historical interactions of user‐item pairs based on known ratings and then use these interactions to produce recommendations. The major challenge in CF is that it needs to calculate the similarity of each pair of users or items by observing the ratings of users on same item, whereas the typicality‐based CF determines the neighbours from user groups based on their typicality degree. Typicality‐based CF can predict the ratings of users with improved accuracy. However, to eliminate the cold start problem in the proposed recommender system, the demographic filtering method has been employed in addition to the typicality‐based CF. A weighted average scheme has been applied on the combined recommendation results of both typicality‐based CF and demographic‐based CF to produce the best recommendation result for the user. Thereby, the proposed system has been able to achieve a coverage ratio of more than 95%, which indicates that the system is able to provide better recommendation for the user from the available lot of products.
Metaheuristic algorithm to train product and sigmoid neural network classifiers
Authors: Tallón‐Ballesteros Antonio J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper develops three frameworks based on a metaheuristic algorithm to train neural network classifiers. The architecture is a single‐hidden‐layer feedforward network. The first methodology spreads a base configuration over the nodes of a computing cluster; each of them executes the same algorithm to train the neural network with a different parameter setting. The second approach does a refined training via a biphase metaheuristic algorithm to maintain the diversity a period longer than the usual; it may be run in a sequential or distributed way. The third framework performs a data preparation phase by means of feature subset selection to reduce the number of inputs to the biphase metaheuristic algorithm. The two first methodologies have been tested using a complete test bed with product and unipolar sigmoid units in the hidden layer, and the statistical tests reveal that product nodes are significantly the most accurate. The third framework has included four feature subset selectors with different properties to reduce the number of inputs to the product unit artificial neural network, and the nonstatistical test shed light on that the results with a preprocessing phase are significantly more accurate than the results with the raw data.
On the use of ear and profile faces for distinguishing identical twins and nontwins
Authors: Toygar Önsen , Alqaralleh Esraa , Afaneh Ayman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study aims to measure the efficiency of ear and profile face in distinguishing identical twins under identification and verification modes. In addition, to distinguish identical twins by ear and profile face separately, we propose to fuse these traits with all possible binary combinations of left ear, left profile face, right ear, and right profile face. Fusion is implemented by score‐level fusion and decision‐level fusion techniques in the proposed method. Additionally, feature‐level fusion is used for comparison. All experiments in this paper are also implemented on nontwins individuals, and the recognition performance of twins and nontwins are compared. Local binary patterns, local phase quantization, and binarized statistical image features approaches are used as texture‐based descriptors for feature extraction process. Images under controlled and uncontrolled lighting are tested. Ear and profile images from ND‐TWINS‐2009‐2010 dataset are used in the experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate and reliable than using ear or profile face images separately. The performance of the proposed method for recognizing identical twins as recognition rate is 100% and 99.45%, and equal error rates are 0.54% and 1.63% in controlled and uncontrolled illumination conditions, respectively.
Recurrent peripheral ameloblastoma in an elderly patient: A case report
Authors: de Assis Eliene Magda , Gomes Hayder Egg , de Sousa Felipe Esteves Milício , Brener Sylvie , Leal Rosana Maria , Souza Paulo Eduardo Alencar , Horta Martinho Campolina Rebello 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of recurrent peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) in an elderly patient.BackgroundPA is a benign tumour that affects soft tissues of gingiva or edentulous alveolar areas, exhibiting histopathological characteristics of ameloblastoma.MethodsA 79‐year‐old man showed a nodule in the edentulous right mandibular alveolar ridge diagnosed as recurrent PA.ConclusionClinicians should consider PA as a differential diagnosis of routine nodular lesions affecting the oral mucosa of geriatric patients.
Functional mobility trajectories of hospitalized older adults admitted to acute geriatric wards: A retrospective observational study in an English university hospital
Authors: Lyons Adam , Romero‐Ortuno Roman , Hartley Peter 
Published: February 2019

AimThe mobility trajectories of hospitalized older people are heterogeneous, and there is a need to understand patient groups with similar trajectories. Our aims were to identify mobility trajectories of older patients admitted to geriatric wards in an English university hospital, and describe patient characteristics and outcomes associated with different mobility groups.MethodsA retrospective observational study of first admissions to geriatric wards for 3 months starting 1 May 2016 was carried out. Anonymized routinely collected clinical data was extracted from the electronic patient records: age, sex, Clinical Frailty Scale score, presence of delirium (yes/no), diagnosis of dementia (yes/no), Charlson Comorbidity Index, falls in the past year and the highest recorded Modified Early Warning Score in the Emergency Department. Physiotherapists routinely collected the Elderly Mobility Scale on admission and discharge; this information was entered in a K‐means cluster analysis to identify mobility trajectory groups. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between these groups and used logistic regression models to determine independent predictors of group membership.ResultsThe overall functional trajectory was improvement, from a median Elderly Mobility Scale of 11 on admission to 14 on discharge. Cluster analysis identified five mobility trajectory groups: low‐low (n = 117), intermediate‐intermediate (n = 95), intermediate‐high (n = 205), low‐high (n = 89) and high‐high (n = 209). Higher frailty and the presence of cognitive impairment were associated with the low‐low and intermediate‐intermediate group membership, and negatively associated with the high‐high group membership.ConclusionsThe majority of hospitalized patients experienced functional improvement. Frailty and cognitive impairment might be associated with poorer mobility trajectories and hence require early identification. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 305–310.
The role of job uncertainty in inter‐regional commuting: The case of Italy
Authors: Parenti Angela , Tealdi Cristina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of the determinants of inter‐regional commuting in Italy in the period 1992–2016, during which the labour market has been significantly reformed. To capture the changes in commuting patterns, the analysis of the role of individual, job, firm, and regional characteristics is performed. Specifically, the focus is on the impact of job uncertainty at both micro and macro level, through the analysis of the way the diffusion of temporary contracts has affected the decision to commute for work. The findings suggest that in more recent years workers hired on a temporary contract are more likely to commute to another region. Moreover, the higher the relative share of temporary contracts in the region of residence, the higher the probability of commuting across regions. These findings support the idea that the strong utilisation of (short) temporary contracts represents a push factor, which drives workers away in search of better job opportunities, with potentially negative consequences for poorly performing regions.
Statin use among Veterans with dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease
Authors: Markossian Talar W. , Kramer Holly J. , Burge Nicholas J. , Pacold Ivan V. , Leehey David J. , Huo Zhiping , Schneider Julia , Ling Benjamin , Stroupe Kevin T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: The benefits of statin medications in patients receiving maintenance dialysis remains controversial and clinical trials overall have shown no benefit. Potential side effects of statin medications include myalgias, myopathy, and memory loss and risk of side effects associated with statin medications increase with higher statin doses. We examined statin use and statin dose among Veterans with dialysis dependent CKD. Such information may help clinicians modulate medication use and reduce pill burden in appropriate patients.Methods: This cross‐sectional analysis ascertained medication utilization by linking records from the U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Managerial Cost Accounting Pharmacy National Data Extracts and Medicare Part D during calendar year 2013 for Veterans with dialysis‐dependent CKD enrolled in and/or using VA healthcare. The venue of dialysis and patient characteristics were ascertained by linking VA Medical SAS datasets, VA Fee Basis datasets (for non‐VA care paid for by VA), Medicare claims and the United States Renal Data Systems patient core files.Findings: We identified 18,494 Veterans with dialysis‐dependent CKD who were enrolled in and/or used VA healthcare, had no history of kidney transplantation, and were alive on January 1, 2014. More than half (58.1%) of Veterans with dialysis‐dependent CKD used statins and 35.7% of statin utilization was high dose. Statins were the third most commonly prescribed medication after beta blockers (64.8%) and phosphate binders (64.5%).Discussion: Statins are a commonly prescribed medication among Veterans receiving maintenance dialysis and approximately one‐third of statin utilization is high dose in this population. Future studies should examine patient preferences, comorbidities, and dialysis characteristics that impact the risks and benefits of statin use in order to identify those patients who will or will not benefit from continued statin use.
HLA‐DQ2 homozygosis increases tTGA levels at diagnosis but does not influence the clinical phenotype of coeliac disease: A multicentre study
Authors: Bajor Judit , Szakács Zsolt , Juhász Márk , Papp Mária , Kocsis Dorottya , Szegedi Éva , Földi Ildikó , Farkas Nelli , Hegyi Péter , Vincze Áron 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeMagnitude of gluten‐specific T‐cell responses in coeliac disease (CD) might be dependent on HLA‐DQ2 gene dose. We aimed to investigate the effects of HLA‐DQB1*02 allele dose on clinical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of all coeliac patients attending to three Hungarian university clinics after 1997 and included those patients, who (a) were diagnosed with CD, (b) underwent high‐resolution HLA typing and (c) were ≥18 years at the time of data collection. HLA typing was performed to determine DQB1*02 allele dose. Patients were divided into risk groups by DQB1*02 allele dose, as follows: high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk groups corresponded to a double, single and zero doses, respectively. We used ANOVA and Pearson's chi‐squared test to explore association between HLA risk and clinical variables.ResultsA total of 727 coeliac patients attended the clinics but only 105 (14.4%) patients were eligible for inclusion. High, intermediate and low HLA risk patients comprised 35.3%, 52.3% and 12.3% of the study population, respectively. Double dose of HLA‐DQB1*02 was more frequent in patient with high tTGA level (>10 times the upper limit of normal; p = 0.045). Gene dose was not associated with younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.549), gender (p = 0.739), more severe diagnostic histology (p = 0.318), more frequent classical presentation (p = 0.846), anaemia (p = 0.611), metabolic bone disease (p = 0.374), dermatitis herpetiformis (p = 0.381) and autoimmune diseases (p = 0.837).ConclusionsOur study shows a significant gene dose effect in terms of tTGA level at diagnosis, but no significant association between HLA‐DQB1*02 allele dose and the clinical outcomes in CD.
Comparison of the bone marrow trephine sample quality between OnControl drill system and the Jamshidi needle
Authors: Forwood Kathryn M. , Lee Edwin , Crispin Philip J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionBone marrow biopsies are a key diagnostic and monitoring intervention in haematology with manual bone marrow techniques the established method of choice. Powered biopsy devices are now available, but are not widely used in haematology. This study compared the quality of bone marrow trephines obtained with the Jamshidi needle and OnControl powered drill system.MethodsRetrospective analysis was undertaken on trephine samples prior to and after implementation of the OnControl drill system. Trephine size and quality were assessed independently by three pathologists and compared between techniques and operators using nonparametric tests.ResultsThere were 164 samples assessed (Jamshidi n = 69, OnControl, same site as aspirate n = 48, OnControl, separate site from aspirate n = 47). The assessable and total length were similar between the Jamshidi and OnControl techniques, with increased crush artefact observed with the OnControl drill (P < 0.001). Using a separate puncture site for trephine collection and aspirate did not reduce the artefact seen with the OnControl system (P = 0.274). Smaller samples (P < 0.001) and an increase in crushed (P = 0.009) and connective tissue (P = 0.002) were seen in trephines obtained by nonlaboratory‐based trainees, regardless of the needle used or their stage of training, compared to laboratory trainees.ConclusionsTrephines obtained by either method had similar assessable areas. The OnControl system was associated with more artefact, a finding in line with previous studies. There was no improvement by sampling the trephine from a separate site to the aspirate. Laboratory‐based trainees who reviewed marrow morphology produced trephines with better assessable length than those not based in the laboratory.
Macrophage metabolism: a wound‐healing perspective
Authors: Caputa George , Flachsmann Lea J , Cameron Alanna M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMacrophages are a critical component of the innate immune response, and compose the first response to perturbations in tissue homeostasis. Their unique ability to dynamically integrate diverse stimuli underlies their important role in the healing response from first insult to re‐establishment of tissue homeostasis. While the roles of macrophages in tissue repair have been well‐described in vitro and in vivo, the influence of cellular metabolism on macrophage function during tissue repair remains an unexplored area of immunometabolism. In this review, we will explore the unique metabolic requirements of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory macrophages and the potential contribution of macrophage metabolism to each phase of wound healing.
Linearisation for Variance Estimation by Means of Sampling Indicators: Application to Non‐response
Authors: Vallée Audrey‐Anne , Tillé Yves 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn the presence of non‐response, it is usual to impute missing values, to reweight responding units and to adapt the estimators accordingly. The computation of the precision of the estimators becomes rapidly complex; it must take into account the sampling design, the treatment and the refinement of the estimators. In the absence of non‐response, it is possible to linearise estimators with respect to the sampling indicators to compute explicit variance estimators. In this paper, we extend this linearisation method to deal with non‐response. It becomes particularly straightforward to compute explicit variance estimators. Some known results are revisited in a simpler way than the usual developments, and new results for complex estimators are proposed. A simulation study evaluates the proposed methodology.
Insight into luminescent properties, energy transfer and thermal stability of NaBa4(AlB4O9)2Cl3:Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphors
Authors: Zhang Weilun , Liang Yujun , Zhu Yingli , Liu Shiqi , Li Haoran , Lei Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of Ce3+ and Tb3+ singly‐ and co‐doped NaBa4(AlB4O9)2Cl3 (NBAC) phosphors have been synthesized via high‐temperature solid state route. The crystal structure, morphology, photoluminescent properties, thermal properties and energy transfer process between Ce3+ and Tb3+ were systematically investigated. The structure refinements indicated that the phosphors based on NBAC crystallized in P42nm polar space group in monoclinic phase. The emission color could be tuned from blue (0.1595, 0.0955) to green (0.2689, 0.4334) via changing the ratio of Ce3+/Tb3+. The energy transfer mechanism of Ce3+/Tb3+ was verified to be dipole–quadrupole interaction via the examination of decay times of Ce3+ based on Dexter's theory. The good thermal stability showed the intensities of Ce3+ at 150°C were about 66.9% and 64.88% in NBAC:0.09Ce3+ and NBAC:0.09Ce3+, 0.07Tb3+ of that at room temperature, and the emission intensities of Tb3+ remained 102.41% in NBAC:0.11Tb3+ and 95.22% in NBAC:0.09Ce3+, 0.07Tb3+ due to the nephelauxetic shielding effect and the highly asymmetric rigid framework structure of NBAC. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Ce3+ in NBAC:0.09Ce3+, yTb3+ phosphors could reach 43.38% at y = 0.13. Overall, all the results obtained suggested that NBAC:Ce3+, Tb3+ could be a promising option for n‐UV pumped phosphors.