bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of conductive carbon nanofillers based on the ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene with uniform and segregated structures
Authors: Sun Zhen‐Feng , Ren Peng‐Gang , Zhang Zheng‐Wei , Ren Fang 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTo discuss the synergistic effects of mixed conductive filler on nanocomposites, different structural carbon nanofiller/ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hybrid nanocomposites with uniform and segregated structure were prepared by using ethanol‐assisted dispersion, hydrazine reduction, and hot‐pressing methods. Scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscopy images of the nanocomposites fracture showed that the complete conductive channels could be formed in segregated nanocomposites prepared by powder mixing method. By contrast, the discontinuous electric path could be observed in the homogeneous nanocomposites prepared by the solution method. The test of conductivity performance demonstrated that the percolation threshold of carbon black (CB)/UHMWPE and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure were 0.42 and 0.18 vol %, which were lower than those of the nanocomposites with uniform structure (4.91 and 2.62%). The electrical conductivity of MWCNTs‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure reached to 3.0 × 10−2 S m−1 with the filler content of 1.5 vol %. In addition, the results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the crystallinity of UHMWPE decreased slightly with the addition of mixed filler. All of the study showed that the conductivity of MWCNTs‐CB/UHMWPE nanocomposites with segregated structure has better electrical conductivity than the uniform. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47317.
Idea to explore: The structure of the oxygen and iron ion
Authors: Makovec Tomaž 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding diamagnetism of oxygenated and paramagnetism of deoxygenated hemoglobin, an important topic in (bio) chemistry for medical students, begins with the understanding of the detailed structure of the oxygen molecule. It continues with a short description of the structures of reactive oxygen species: the singlet form of oxygen, the superoxide, and peroxide anions. The article then describes the high spin and low spin form of the iron ion with its d‐orbitals and explains why both forms with different diameters exist in the heme part. At the end, medical applications of the acquired knowledge are presented: the cooperative effect in hemoglobin and the principles of magnetic resonance imagining. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):630–633, 2018.
Assessment of students' external representations of mmCIF entries and their biochemical knowledge
Authors: Ealy Julie B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn assessment was developed using entries from the macromolecular Crystallographic Information File that was given to students in an upper level bioinformatics class at the end of the semester during a 2½ hour time period. Although all students completed the same questions, they were assessed on an individual protein they had worked on during the semester in the situated learning of the classroom as they completed computer‐based tutorials and exercises using internet sources. The students' difficulties with the external representation of their protein were: not following directions, not understanding how to use the computational software, or a lack of knowledge about their protein. The students also were required to answer questions that required biochemical knowledge. The difficulties they experienced during the assessment can be attributed to factors, such as, their reasoning ability, understanding of the concepts, and the external representations of their protein. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):634–643, 2018.
Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: Margins are not just for surgeons
Authors: Bouaoud Jebrane , Temam Stephane , Cozic Nathalie , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Belhous Kahina , Kolb Frederic , Bidault Francois , Bolle Stephanie , Dumont Sarah , Laurence Valerie , Plantaz Dominique , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Marec‐Berard Perrine , Quassemyar Quentin , Couloigner Vincent , Picard Arnaud , Gomez‐Brouchet Anne , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Mahier‐Ait Oukhatar Céline , Kadlub Natacha , Gaspar Nathalie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground, MethodsTo describe the characteristics, treatments (systemic/local), and outcome (oncological/functional) of French patients with head and neck Ewing's sarcomas (HNES) registered in the Euro‐Ewing 99 (EE99) database. Specific patient‐level data were reviewed retrospective.ResultsForty‐seven HNES patients in the EE99 database had a median age of 11 years, 89% had bone tumors (skull 55%, mandible 21%, maxilla 11%), 89% had small tumors (<200 mL), and they were rarely metastatic (9%). Local treatment was surgery radiotherapy (55%), exclusively surgery (28%), or radiotherapy (17%). Metastatic relapses occurred in five patients with high relapse risk factors (metastasis at diagnosis, poor histological response, large tumors). Local progression/relapses (LR) after exclusive radiotherapy occurred in three patients with persistent extra‐osseous residue and in four patients considered R0 margins (postchemotherapy surgery, without postoperative radiotherapy [PORT]), reclassified by pathological review as R1a. Pathological review reclassified 72% of R0 margins: 11/18 to R1a and 2/18 to R2. Five patients had confirmed R0 margins after postchemotherapy surgery without PORT and had no LR Eight patients had R2 margins (initial surgery without previous chemotherapy, with PORT) and had no LR With a median follow‐up of 9.3 years, the 3‐year LR rate, EFS, and OS were 84.8%, 78.6%, and 89.3%, respectively. Among the 5‐year survivors, 88% had long‐term sequelae.ConclusionTo optimize HNES management, patients should be treated from diagnosis in expert centers with multidisciplinary committees to discuss treatment strategy (type of surgery, need for PORT) and validate surgical margins.
Clinicopathological analysis of primary intestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Prognostic evaluation of CD5, PD‐L1, and Epstein‐Barr virus on tumor cells
Authors: Ishikawa Eri , Kato Seiichi , Shimada Kazuyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Suzuki Yuka , Satou Akira , Kohno Kei , Sakakibara Ayako , Yamamura Takeshi , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , Goto Hidemi , Nakamura Shigeo , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary intestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (iDLBCL) is rare. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological features of this disease to further understand the prognostic value of CD5, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) on tumor cells.MethodsTumor specimens from 62 patients consecutively diagnosed with primary iDLBCL at a single institution were analyzed.ResultsOur series consisted of EBV‐positive (EBV+) iDLBCL (n = 10), de novo CD5+ iDLBCL (n = 4), and DLBCL, not otherwise specified (DLBCL‐NOS; n = 48). Notably, seven of 10 EBV+ cases had treated lymphoma‐associated (n = 4) or iatrogenic immunodeficiency (n = 3). Two of 10 EBV+ cases expressed PD‐L1 on tumor cells, whereas the remaining eight were positive for PD‐L1 on microenvironment immune cells. Only one DLBCL‐NOS case had neoplastic PD‐L1 expression with a giant cell‐rich appearance. Both EBV‐harboring and PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells, but not CD5, were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in iDLBCL patients receiving rituximab‐containing chemotherapy (P = 0.0354, P = 0.0092, and P = 0.1097, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified PD‐L1 positivity on tumor cells (P = 0.0106), PD‐L1 negativity on microenvironment immune cells (P = 0.0193), and EBV positivity (P = 0.0324) as poor independent prognostic factors for OS. Among iDLBCL cases without any EBV association, CD5 positivity, or neoplastic PD‐L1 expression, high PD‐L1 expression (≥40%) on microenvironment immune cells predicted an extremely favorable outcome.ConclusionEBV+ iDLBCL mainly comprised immunodeficiency‐associated patients, which may highlight the specificity of the intestine. PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells or microenvironment immune cells was found to have an opposite prognostic impact in iDLBCL.
Fluorination‐Induced Evolution of Columnar Packing in Fluorous Triphenylenes and Benzotriphenylenes
Authors: Rippy Kerry C. , DeWeerd Nicholas J. , Kuvychko Igor V. , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups of Steven Strauss/Olga Boltalina at Colorado State University, and Yu‐Sheng Chen at the NSF's ChemMatCARS. The cover picture shows the evolution of fluorous triphenylene crystal packing motifs against the backdrop of the Very Large Array near Magdalena in New Mexico, where scientists study the evolution of the universe. The stepwise structural evolution in columnar packing observed was possible because of the development of a one‐step selective synthesis for triphenylene(C4F8)n derivatives (n = 1–3). These compounds are expected to find application in liquid crystal displays and organic electronics. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800451.
Nano‐Cu‐Mediated Multi‐Site Approach to Ultrafine MoO2 Nanoparticles on Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tian Min , Li Feng , Hu Haiguo , Ma Jiantai , Jin Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCatalysts with high atom utilization efficiency accompanied by improved reactivity and durability are highly desired. Metallic MoO2 with its small size easily agglomerates, making it difficult to use in water splitting to obtain hydrogen by electrolysis. Here, the nano‐Cu‐mediated multi‐site method is proposed to prepare ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐decorated reduced graphene oxide (denoted as MoO2/PDDA‐rGO). The introduction of Cu NPs increases the number of growth sites for MoO2 on the PDDA‐rGO and simultaneously promotes the growth rate of MoO2 on PDDA‐rGO. As a consequence, the resulting size of the MoO2 NPs is only 2 nm and these are evenly dispersed on PDDA‐rGO. Significantly, the optimized catalyst has a low onset potential of −42 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a calculated Tafel slope of only 42 mV dec−1, and good cycling stability of more than 40 h. This favored hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is caused by the synergistic effects of MoO2 and PDDA‐rGO, rapid charge transport, and sufficient exposed active sites of MoO2/PDDA‐rGO.
Acquired parvalbumin‐selective interneuronopathy in the multiple‐hit model of infantile spasms: A putative basis for the partial responsiveness to vigabatrin analogs?
Authors: Katsarou Anna‐Maria , Li Qianyun , Liu Wei , Moshé Solomon L. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWest syndrome, an age‐specific epileptic encephalopathy, manifests with infantile spasms (IS) and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes and epilepsy. The multiple‐hit rat model of IS is a chronic model of IS due to structural etiology, in which spasms respond partially to vigabatrin analogs. Using this model, we investigated whether IS due to structural etiology may have deficits in parvalbumin (PRV) and somatostatin (SST) immunoreactive (‐ir) interneurons, and calretinin‐ir (CR‐ir) neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex of postnatal day (PN) 20–24 rats, using specific immunohistochemical assays. PN3 Sprague‐Dawley male rats underwent the multiple‐hit induction protocol, were monitored until PN20–24, and were transcardially perfused to collect brains for histology. Age‐matched sham and naive control male rats were also used. Coronal brain cryosections were stained with anti‐PRV, anti‐CR, and anti‐SST antibodies, and regions of interest (ROIs) from the primary somatosensory cortices were selected to determine PRV‐, CR‐, and SST‐ir cell counts and cortical ROI volumes, with blinding to experimental group. Statistical analyses were done using a linear mixed model accounting for repeated measures. We found PRV‐ir interneuronal selective reduction, sparing of the CR‐ir and SST‐ir neurons, and bilateral cortical atrophy. Our findings provide evidence for acquired PRV‐selective interneuronopathy, possibly underlying the pathogenesis of IS, neurodevelopmental deficits, and epilepsy, and potentially contributing to the partial response to vigabatrin analogs in this model.
3D‐printed Current Collector Plates: Simulation and Performance Evaluation in a Mini Fuel Cell
Authors: Cano‐López J. A. , Ortega‐Díaz D. , Duarte‐Moller A. , Encinas A. , Dector A. , Olivares‐Ramírez J. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the construction of 3D‐printed current collectors used in the fabrication, simulation and performance evaluation of four mini proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. These fuel cells comprised of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene‐printed current collector plates using different flow channel designs: pin, spiral, serpentine and radial. In this work, we demonstrated that the mini PEM fuel cells were capable of converting fuel to current according to computational fluid dynamics, which was used to carry out the optimization of the geometry of the current collector plates. The correlation between the mass transfer and the power density is discussed, and the largest mass transfer is reported for the pin geometry, which also yielded the higher power values compared to the spiral, serpentine and radial geometries (9.9, 9.0, 9.0, and 8.2 mW cm−2, respectively). These low‐cost devices should be useful for portable applications.
Target regulation of both VECs and VSMCs by dual‐loading miRNA‐126 and miRNA‐145 in the bilayered electrospun membrane for small‐diameter vascular regeneration
Authors: Cui Ce , Wen Meiling , Zhou Fang , Zhao Yunhui , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClinical utility of small‐diameter vascular grafts is still challenging in blood vessel regeneration owing to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. To cope with the issues, modulation of gene expression via microRNAs (miRNAs) could be a feasible approach by rational regulating physiological activities of both vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our previous studies demonstrated that individually loaded miRNA‐126 (miR‐126) or miRNA‐145 (miR‐145) in the electrospun membranes showed the tendency to promote vascular regeneration. In this work, the bilayered electrospun graft in 1.5‐mm diameter was developed by emulsion electrospinning to dual‐load miR‐126 and miR‐145 for target regulation of both VECs and VSMCs, respectively. Accelerated release of miR‐126 was achieved by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) in the inner electrospun poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) ultrafine fibrous membrane, reaching 61.3 ± 1.2% of the cumulative release in the initial 10 days, whereas the outer electrospun poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) membrane composed of microfibers fulfilled prolonged release of miR‐145 for about 56 days. In vivo tests suggested that dual‐loading with miR‐126 and miR‐145 in the bilayered electrospun membranes could modulate both VECs and VSMCs for rapid endothelialization and hyperplasia inhibition as well. It is reasonably expected that dual target‐delivery of miR‐126 and miR‐145 in the electrospun vascular grafts has effective potential for small‐diameter vascular regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 371–382, 2019.
Skin ionocyte remodeling in the amphibious mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
Authors: Martin Keri E. , Ehrman James M. , Wilson Jonathan M. , Wright Patricia A. , Currie Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmphibious fishes have evolved a variety of physiological modifications allowing them to survive in water and air. In air, the amphibious mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, uses its skin as a site of ionoregulation. Skin ionocytes actively transport ions into/out of the body; however, it is unclear if there are specific morphological or functional changes occurring in skin ionocytes during air exposure. We used two microscopy techniques to describe skin ionocyte morphology and to investigate their plasticity after salinity challenges and air exposure. Immunohistochemical staining in air‐exposed fish revealed ionocytes with Na
+/K
+ ATPase (NKA), Na
+/H
+ exchanger (NHE3b) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immunoreactivity, whereas ionocytes from aquatic fish had only NKA (freshwater) or NKA and CFTR (brackish and hypersaline water). Following salinity challenges, we noted increases in the number and area of ionocyte apical surfaces, indicating that skin ionocyte activity increased in high salinity environments compared with control conditions. Furthermore, we show increased ionocyte area during air exposure suggesting increased ionocyte activity in all salinity conditions. Using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to analyze the skin surface, we report decreases in magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur after 7 days in air compared with fish in water, suggesting ionic movement in the skin surface during air exposure. Our study highlights morphological and functional features of skin ionocytes that are involved in ionoregulation in an air‐exposed amphibious fish.
Gatifloxacin–Isatin Hybrids and Their Antimycobacterial Activities
Authors: Xu Zhi , Zhao Shi‐Jia , Deng Jia‐Lun , Wang Qin , Lv Zao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2018

We report herein the design, synthesis, and antimycobacterial activity of a series of diethylene glycol tethered gatifloxacin–isatin hybrids 5a–o in this paper. Results revealed that all hybrids showed promising activity against both drug‐sensitive and multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 1–128 μg/mL. Particularly, hybrid 5j with low cytotoxicity in VERO cell line was comparable with the parent gatifloxacin (MIC: 0.78 and 1 μg/mL) against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐TB strains, and ≥32‐fold more potent than isoniazid and rifampicin (MIC: >128 and 32 μg/mL, respectively) against MDR‐TB, suggesting it may serve as a new and promising candidate for further study.
Novel method for the prediction of para‐Hisian premature ventricular complexes from the electrocardiogram
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Jun Seung‐Woon , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Lee Cheol Hyun , Lee Sang Hoon , Hwang Chun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation of para‐Hisian (PH) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) has a high risk of heart block. This study aimed to find the electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of PH‐PVCs.MethodsWe enrolled 47 patients who underwent an electrophysiologic study for catheter ablation of PVCs and analyzed the ECG characteristics, retrospectively.ResultsThe PVC locations were the PH in 14, right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (OT) in 11, left ventricular (LV) OT in 16, LV septum in 5, and LV summit in 1. The QRS width of the PH‐PVCs was significantly narrower than that of the rest of PVCs (140.9 ± 17.1 ms vs. 158.9 ± 19.4 ms, P = 0.004). Precordial transition of the PH‐PVCs related to sinus rhythm was not helpful in predicting the location. Lead I had monophasic R waves in 100% and lead aVR QS waves in 100%. In aVL, 13 of 14 patients had monophasic R waves, and 1 had biphasic (rS) waves with an initial positive polarity. Among the study cohort, 15 patients had a QS in aVR and R in aVL, including 13 PH‐PVCs and 2 PVCs coming from the RVOT septum and LVOT septum, respectively. The QS in aVR and monophasic R in aVL had a sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 86.7%, and negative predictive value of 96.9% for localizing PH‐PVCs.ConclusionsA PVC morphology with a QS in aVR and monophasic R in aVL and QRS width <143 msec, could be used as a reliable parameter for predicting the PH location.
Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XII
Authors: Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis annual review is an overview of advances in the field of Raman spectroscopy as found in papers published in the previous calendar year in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (JRS), as well as in trends over the past decade across journals that have published papers important to the field of Raman spectroscopy. This information is gleaned from statistical data on article counts obtained from the Clarivate Analytic's Web of Science Core Collection by year and by subfield of Raman spectroscopy. Additional information is gleaned from presentations at the XXVI International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (ICORS 2018) in Jeju Island, Korea in August 2018, and contributions on Raman scattering at SCIX 2018, organized by the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA in October 2018. Coverage is also provided for topics from the European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spetroscopy (ECONOS 2018) held in April in Milan, Italy and GeoRaman 2018 in Catania, Italy in June. Finally, papers published in JRS in 2017 are highlighted and arranged by topics at the frontier of Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of this survey information, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues as in recent years as a rapidly expanding field of research across a wide range of novel disciplines and applications that provide sensitive photonic information of matter at the molecular level.
Phytosphingosine Increases Biosynthesis of Phytoceramide by Uniquely Stimulating the Expression of Dihydroceramide C4‐desaturase (DES2) in Cultured Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Hyun Kyung , Kim Hyun‐Ji , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Park Chang Seo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCeramide NP is known to be the most abundant class of 12 ceramide (CER) families that form a permeability barrier in the human skin barrier. However, not many studies have been reported on the regulation of the biosynthesis of ceramide NP. Recently, it has been reported that phytosphingosine (PHS) treatment in the cultured keratinocytes (KC) notably increased the content of ceramide NP. However, the mechanism behind the PHS‐induced enhancement of ceramide NP has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of PHS on the expression of several essential genes for the biosynthesis of CER. Also, we determined the molecular mechanism behind the unique enhancement of ceramide NP upon treatment of PHS in the cultured KC. The expressions of all of the three genes (SPT, ceramide synthase 3 [CERS3], andELOVL4) and their respective proteins were markedly increased in PHS‐treated KC. In addition, the expression of the dihydroceramide C4‐desaturase (DES2) responsible for conversion of dihydroceramide into ceramide NP was uniquely enhanced only by PHS treatment. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed that more than 20‐fold increase of ceramide NP by PHS was observed while no significant enhancement of ceramide NS and NDS was observed. This study demonstrates that PHS plays a fundamental role in strengthening the epidermal permeability barrier by stimulating the overall processes of biosynthesis of all classes of CER in epidermis. The dramatic increase of ceramide NP upon PHS treatment seemed to be the outcome of transformation of dihydroceramide and/or ceramide NS by C4‐hydroxylase activity.