bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of standard-dose and half-dose dual-source abdominopelvic CT scans for evaluation of acute abdominal pain
Authors: Lee Ki Hyun , Shim Young Sup , Park So Hyun , Park Seong Ho , Choi Seung Joon , Pak Seong Yong , Cheong Hyunhee 
Published: October 2018

Background With the increasing number of computed tomography (CT) scans used for evaluation of acute abdominal pain, patient radiation exposure has increased rapidly. Purpose To determine whether the diagnostic performance of half-dose abdominopelvic CT is non-inferior to that of standard-dose CT for patients with acute abdominal pain. Material and Methods Ninety-eight patients with acute abdominal pain underwent dual-source abdominopelvic CT. Three sets of CT images were reconstructed: standard-dose filtered back projection (FBP); half-dose FBP; and half-dose sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE3). Diagnostic performance of the standard-dose scan was compared with that of the half-dose scans by using a non-inferiority test with a 10% margin. The overall image quality was subjectively measured. Results Diagnostic performance for overall disease diagnosis with half-dose scans (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.835 for FBP, 0.881 for SAFIRE3) was non-inferior to that of standard-dose FBP (AUC = 0.891) (95% confidence interval lower limit difference = −5.6% [half-dose FBP], −1.2% [half-dose SAFIRE3]). The diagnostic sensitivity for detection of neoplastic disease was lower with half-dose (75.0%) than with standard-dose FBP (91.7%). Effective dose and dose-length product with standard-dose imaging were 7.99 ± 2.55 mSv and 533.1 ± 170.3 mGy·cm, respectively; those of half-dose imaging were 3.99 ± 1.28 mSv and 266.6 ± 85.2 mGy·cm, respectively. The image quality was lower with half-dose than with standard-dose FBP scans ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Diagnostic performance of half-dose CT is non-inferior to that of standard-dose scan for evaluation of acute abdominal pain, despite inferior image quality.
Single-center analysis of patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia: evidence for hypothyroidism and a good quality of life
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Maier Manuela Denise , Kaufmann Roland , Zöller Nadja , Meissner Markus 
Published: October 2018

Objective Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an underestimated scarring alopecia. This study aimed to examine epidemiological information, as well as predilection sites, associated diseases, and responses to therapy of patients with FFA. We also aimed to determine whether the extent or duration of disease correlated with the quality of life (QoL). Methods Twelve outpatients with FFA for > 2 years were analyzed. The Erlanger atopic score and the Functional Assessment of Non-life-threatening Conditions (FANLTC) for QoL-assessment were used as scoring systems. Results All patients were women with a mean age of 70.3 years. Most patients did not have any symptoms during their disease progression and no therapy that was used showed any significant effects. FFA was associated with hypothyroidism. There were no correlations between hairline regression, duration of disease, atopic disposition, and QoL. The overall QoL was good. Conclusions The present study shows that there is no correlation between the extent of FFA and QoL or atopic predisposition. There is a strong correlation between the incidence of thyroid disease and FFA.
Can We Discriminate Symptomatic Hip Patients From Asymptomatic Volunteers Based on Anatomic Predictors? A 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Study on Cam, Pincer, and Spinopelvic Parameters
Authors: Mascarenhas Vasco V. , Rego Paulo , Dantas Pedro , Caetano António P. , Jans Lennart , Sutter Reto , Marques Rui Mateus , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Consciência J. Guimarães 
Published: October 2018

Background: Given the high prevalence of patients with hip deformities and no ongoing hip dysfunction, understanding the anatomic factors predicting the symptomatic state is critical. One such variable is how the spinopelvic parameters (SPPs) may interplay with hip anatomic factors. Hypothesis/Purpose: SPPs and femoral- and acetabular-specific parameters may predict which patients will become symptomatic. The purpose was to determine which anatomic characteristics with specific cutoffs were associated with hip symptom development and how these parameters relate to each other. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: 548 participants were designated either symptomatic patients (n = 176, scheduled for surgery with hip pain and/or functional limitation) or asymptomatic volunteers (n = 372, no pain) and underwent 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple femoral (α angle, Ω angle, neck angle, torsion), acetabular (version, coverage), and spinopelvic (pelvic tilt, sacral slope [SS], pelvic incidence) parameters were measured semiautomatically. Normative values, optimal differentiating thresholds, and a logistic regression analysis were computed. Results: Symptomatic patients had larger cam deformities (defined by increased Ω angle and α angle), smaller acetabular coverage, and larger pelvic incidence and SS angles compared with the asymptomatic volunteers. Discriminant receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that radial 2-o’clock α angle (threshold 58°-60°, sensitivity 75%-60%, specificity 80%-84%; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.831), Ω angle (threshold 43°, sensitivity 72%, specificity 70%; AUC = 0.830), acetabular inclination (threshold 6°, sensitivity 65%, specificity 70%; AUC = 0.709), and SS (threshold 44°, sensitivity 72%, specificity 75%; AUC = 0.801) ( P < .005) were the best parameters to classify participants. When parameters were entered into a logistic regression, significant positive predictors for the symptomatic patients were achieved for SS, acetabular inclination, Ω angle, and α angle at 2-o’clock, correctly classifying 85% of cases (model sensitivity 72%, specificity 91%; AUC = 0.919). Conclusion: Complex dynamic interplay exists between the hip and SPPs. A cam deformity, acetabular undercoverage, and increased SPP angles are predictive of a hip symptomatic state. SPPs were significant to discriminate between participants and were important in combination with other hip deformities. Symptomatic patients can be effectively differentiated from asymptomatic volunteers based on predictive anatomic factors.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Enthesopathy of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Lian Jayson , Mohamadi Amin , Chan Jimmy J. , Hanna Phillip , Hemmati David , Lechtig Aron , Nazarian Ara 
Published: October 2018

Background: Numerous treatment options have been proposed for enthesopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (eECRB). Purpose: To (1) compare the efficacy and safety of nonsurgical treatment options for eECRB described in randomized placebo-controlled trials at short-term, midterm, and long-term follow-up and (2) evaluate outcomes in patients receiving placebo. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 4 electronic databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials for eECRB. Studies reporting visual analog scale (VAS) for pain scores and/or grip strength were included. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis was employed to compare treatments with at least 2 eligible studies using the standardized mean difference and odds ratio. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018075009). Results: Thirty-six randomized placebo-controlled trials, evaluating 11 different treatment modalities, with a total of 2746 patients were included. At short-term follow-up, only local corticosteroid injection improved pain; however, it was associated with pain worse than placebo at long-term follow-up. At midterm follow-up, laser therapy and local botulinum toxin injection improved pain. At long-term follow-up, extracorporeal shock wave therapy provided pain relief. With regard to grip strength, only laser therapy showed better outcomes in comparison with placebo. While there was no difference among various treatments in the odds ratio of an adverse event, they all increased adverse events compared with placebo. In placebo-receiving patients, a sharp increase in the percentage of patients reporting mild pain or less was observed from 2% at short-term follow-up to 92% at midterm follow-up. Conclusion: Most patients experienced pain resolution after receiving placebo within 4 weeks of follow-up. At best, all treatments provided only small pain relief while increasing the odds of adverse events. Therefore, if clinicians are inclined to provide a treatment for particular patients, they may consider a pain relief regimen for the first 4 weeks of symptom duration. Patient-specific factors should be considered when deciding on treatment or watchful waiting.
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible involvement of CD163+ M2 macrophages in two cases, and a review of published works
Authors: Terai S , Ueda-Hayakawa I , Nguyen C T H , Ly N T M , Yamazaki F , Kambe N , Son Y , Okamoto H 
Published: October 2018

Background Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is a commonly occurring condition related to systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized histopathologically by a distinct pattern of granulomatous inflammation in the presence or absence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The properties of granulomatous cells in PNGD are still uncertain. Objective We sought further investigation on the phenotype of the infiltrated cells in PNGD from two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and reviewed the previous published reports in order to provide a comprehensive summary on the clinical features of PNGD in SLE. Methods The immunohistochemical features of granulomatous cells in PNGD associated with SLE were analyzed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on sections from our two cases using antibodies against CD68, CD163, CD15, Factor XIIIa, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. The clinical characteristics of the SLE patients who developed PNGD were also evaluated. We included all cases retrieved through a PubMed search with the key words PNGD and SLE. Results Cutaneous lesions consisted of erythematous plaques distributed on the face and upper limbs in both cases. The infiltrated cells were mainly positive for CD68 and CD163, a phenotype suggestive of M2 macrophages. Some mature neutrophils and lymphocytes were also present. A review of the literature of PNGD associated with SLE revealed a predominance in females, high prevalence of lupus nephritis and a good response to systemic steroids, with frequent skin lesions relapses during tapering of the treatment. Limitations This study examined only two cases; the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be clarified. Conclusion PNGD lesions were abundantly infiltrated by M2 macrophages, suggesting that they may have a role in this condition. SLE accompanied by PNGD might be associated with lupus nephritis and frequent relapses of skin lesions.
Trainee welfare: a New Zealand perspective
Authors: Davison Lorraine , Amer Huma , Krishnan Jamuna , Seale Elisha , Young Kirsten , Romans Sarah 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To explore key sources of stress experienced during training by psychiatry registrars and identify which coping strategies they found helpful or unhelpful. Method: We used three data sources: a) ‘stress’ vignettes written by Stage 3 trainees; b) minutes of regular registrar meetings; c) focus groups. We analysed these using abbreviated grounded theory, generating themes. Results: The main sources of stress during training were disempowerment, adverse events, difficult supervision and cultural perspectives. Other themes included difficulties in after-hours work, and organisational issues. Stressors may differ in impact according to training stage. Peer support and a good supervisory relationship reduced stress. Conversely, a poor supervisory relationship compounded stress. Trainees were motivated to address modifiable problems. Conclusions: A variety of stressors influence training at all stages. Trainees, the College and employers each have a role in promoting trainee welfare. Interlinking cultural dimensions are not currently addressed in the training curriculum and require attention. A good supervisory relationship can buffer many stressors for trainees.
The Impact of Presurgical Infant Orthopedics on Oronasal Fistula Rates Following Cleft Repair: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jodeh Diana S. , Buller Mitchell , Rottgers S. Alex 
Published: October 2018

Background: Presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) techniques were introduced to improve the outcomes achieved when treating children with complete cleft lip and palate. The effect of PSIO on the incidence of postoperative fistulae has never been reliably demonstrated. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of PSIO in reducing postoperative fistulas in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Methods: A search of the PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify relevant articles that included primary palate repairs of patients with unilateral or bilateral complete clefts, reported the incidence of postoperative fistulae, and explicitly stated if PSIO was used. Details including author, number of subjects, use of PSIO, and fistula rate were cataloged. Results: A review of the PubMed database yielded 1135 unique citations, and Embase yielded 507 articles. Review of these yielded 15 studies, comprising 1241 children, which met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of oronasal fistula development was 7.09%. The average fistula rate for studies using PSIO was 5.93% versus 9.71% in the non-PSIO group. This difference was not statistically significant ( P = .34). Conclusions: The use of PSIO prior to cleft lip and palate repair provides multiple benefits related to facial and nasal form and is supported by a body of literature. The effect of PSIO on the incidence of postoperative fistulae has received less attention in the literature. Our meta-analysis of the available literature does not provide evidence to support the premise that the use of PSIO affects the incidence of fistulae after cleft palate repair.
Allograft Tendon Interposition Arthroplasty of the Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Joint: A Technique Guide and Literature Review
Authors: Watson Troy S. , Panicco Jordan , Parekh Amit 
Published: October 2018

The “anchovy” interpositional arthroplasty technique can be used as a salvage option for failed hallux rigidus procedures. The operative technique utilized by the senior author is described. Careful soft-tissue handling, meticulous joint space and graft preparation, and interposition graft stabilization using a bone tunnel and suture anchors are unique aspects of this technique, which in the authors’ experience have contributed to improved outcomes. Current literature regarding indications and outcomes is limited and controversial. The proposed benefits of soft-tissue interposition arthroplasty of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint for patients with prior failed implant arthroplasty are improved pain scores and preservation of range of motion. Level of Evidence: Level V, technique guide.
Modular junction may be more problematic than bearing wear in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Vendittoli Pascal-André , Massé Vincent , Kiss Marc-Olivier , Lusignan Daniel , Lavigne Martin 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: In total hip arthroplasty (THA), local adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) may be caused by abnormal metal ion release from a metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing, or by wear and corrosion of the implant’s modular junction. The aim of this study was to compare ion levels and rate of ARMD between patients sharing the same MoM bearing but 1 group having monoblock stems versus another having modular stems. Materials and methods: Whole blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ion concentrations, ARMD rate, revision rate, and function measured by UCLA and WOMAC scores were compared between groups. Results: ARMD rate was significantly higher in the modular group (46%) compared with the monoblock group (16%, p = 0.031). Revision for ARMD was performed at 52.8 ± 8.1 months in the modular group versus 98.2 ± 15.5 months after primary THA in the monoblock group. ARMD originated from wear and corrosion of the junction between stem and femoral head adapter sleeve in all monoblock cases, and the junction between stem and modular neck in all the modular ones. Cr and Co ions levels were significantly higher in the modular stem group ( p < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: Although both groups had MoM bearings, corrosion at stem/neck or neck/head junctions combining dissimilar metal (Ti and Cr-Co) was seen as the source of excess metal ions release leading to ARMD. Poor performance of the modular junction may be more deleterious than wear of the bearing. To avoid such complications, THA femoral stem modular junctions should be eliminated (return to a full monoblock implant) or have improved junction design.
Acceptance of lexical overlap by monolingual and bilingual toddlers
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Oliveri Aimee , Mattock Karen 
Published: October 2018

Aims and Objectives: Mutual exclusivity refers to children’s assumption that there are one-to-one correspondences between words and their referents. It is proposed to guide the process of fast-mapping when children encounter novel words in referentially ambiguous situations. However, children are often required to suspend this default assumption and accept lexically overlapping labels, which is particularly common for bilingual children who learn multiple labels for most referents in their environment. Previous research has shown that school-aged bilinguals are more successful at learning overlapping labels than monolinguals, but the mechanisms underlying the development of this word-learning ability remain unknown. Methodology: This study investigated the ability to accept lexical overlap in monolingual and bilingual two-and-a-half-year-old children and its relation to children’s lexical competence. Children’s ability to retain two novel labels assigned to a novel referent was assessed in an interactive lexical overlap paradigm. In addition, parental inventories were used to measure children’s receptive vocabulary size and patterns of language exposure and use. Data and analysis: Data were collected from 68 (34 monolingual and 34 bilingual) children between 26 and 34 months of age. Binomial logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of children’s language background and their individual lexical competence (receptive vocabulary for monolinguals and bilinguals, and conceptual vocabulary size and degree of bilingualism for bilinguals). Findings: Results showed that vocabulary size was a significant predictor of lexical overlap performance for monolingual children, but this was not the case for bilinguals. Originality: These findings are the first to indicate that the individual linguistic experience of growing up monolingual or bilingual shapes the mechanisms that underlie the development and usage patterns of early word-learning strategies. Limitations: This study leaves open the question of what aspect of growing up bilingual leads children to develop word-learning strategies that are shaped by their linguistic experience.
How accessible are grocery shops for people with dementia? A qualitative study using photo documentation and focus group interviews
Authors: Brorsson Anna , Öhman Annika , Lundberg Stefan , Cutchin Malcolm P , Nygård Louise 
Published: October 2018

Background People with dementia who live in ordinary housing need to perform activities outside the home such as visiting friends, talking walks and doing grocery shopping. This article identifies and examines characteristics that may influence accessibility in the space of a grocery shop as perceived by people with dementia. Methods This is a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. The data collection was done with two different methods. It started with photo documentation and continued with focus group interviews in combination with photo elicitation. Data from both photo documentation and focus groups were analysed according to a grounded theory approach. Results The categories “illogical arrangement”, “overload of products, information and people”, “visual illusions” and “intrusive auditory stimuli” showed characteristics in the grocery shop that influenced how accessible and usable the informants experienced a shop to be. Furthermore, personal capacities in relation to the specific characteristics of the grocery shop space had an influence on how accessible and usable the informants experienced the grocery shop to be. Capacities to find, stay focused and concentrated, meet stress, remember, interpret and discriminate sensory impressions through hearing and sight came to the fore as important. Conclusions Characteristics of both the shop and the person need to be taken into account when supporting people with dementia in grocery shopping.
High BIRC7 Expression Might Be an Independent Prognostic Indicator of Poor Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Peng , Xu Wei , Xia Wei 
Published: October 2018

Background: BIRC7, which encodes Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat-containing protein 7, is an oncogene in multiple types of cancer. In this study, we examined the association between BIRC7 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer, the independent prognostic value of BIRC7 in terms of recurrence-free survival, and the molecular mechanisms of its dysregulation. Methods: Data mining was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The patients were divided into high and low BIRC7 expression groups according to the Youden index determined by receiver operating characteristic curves for recurrence. Subgroup analysis was performed according to T stages and Gleason score. Results: BIRC7 was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissues (N = 497) than in normal prostate tissues (N = 52). High BIRC7 expression group had lower ratios of overall response rate and medium-grade (Gleason score 6-7) tumors and higher proportions of nodal invasion and recurrence after surgery. Although Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high BIRC7 expression was generally associated with poor recurrence-free survival, the following subgroup analysis only confirmed the association in T3/T4 and medium-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that BIRC7 expression was not an independent indicator of recurrence-free survival in T2 or high-grade tumors, but was independently associated with poor recurrence-free survival in T3/T4 tumors (hazard ratio: 4.249, 95% confidence interval: 1.563-11.546, P = .005) and in medium-grade tumors (hazard ratio: 6.041, 95% confidence interval: 1.763-20.703, P = .004). DNA amplification was associated with significantly upregulated BIRC7 expression. There was also a weak negative correlation between BIRC7 expression and its DNA methylation (Pearson r = −0.23). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that BIRC7 upregulation might serve as a valuable biomarker of increased recurrence risk in advanced T stages and medium-grade prostate cancer. Its expression is at least regulated by both copy number alteration and DNA methylation.