bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter VII: Pottery from Indian and “Eskimo” Sites
Authors: De Laguna Frederica 
Published: June 2018

I Have preferred to describe in one section the pottery from the supposedly Eskimo site at Fox Creek and that from the Indian sites above Holy Cross, since there seems to be no real difference in the shapes or general character of the ware. The Eskimo of the lower Yukon and Kuskokwim also make very similar pots and lamps, though there seem to be slight differences in decorative style peculiar to each locality.Apparently all the Tena groups of the middle and lower Yukon Valley made pottery. Rainey reports potsherds from the fields of the Government Agricultural Experiment Station at Rampart, 80 miles above Tanana, and potsherds and deposits of fine clay used for pottery making at Arlan Jordan's camp six miles below Rampart Rapids, or 34 miles above the mouth of the Tanana. Indians from the lower Tanana used to come to these clay beds, and clay vessels were apparently traded as far up the Tanana as the Delta River, some 425 miles above the mouth of the Tanana. Pottery was not made, however, on the upper Tanana or on the upper Copper River. Our own informants told us of pottery 100 miles (by water) up the Nowitna and on the Innoko about 80 miles above Hologochaket. We found sherds at almost every site investigated from Tanana Mission and Kateel down to Fox Creek below Holy Cross.
The Mesa Verde Loess
Authors: Arrhenius Gustaf , Bonatti Enrico 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe petrology and stratification of the late Pleistocene and Recent mesa deposits in the Mesa Verde area are described. These deposits are believed to have been formed by eolian deposition. Measurements of present-day dust accumulation are reported. The age relationships of the strata are discussed on the basis of measurements of the radioactivity of organic carbon and carbonate precipitates and with reference to the early Mesa Verde culture.Our of the dust of timecomes a nation's heritage.Eugene W. Ingle
Entomology: An Aid in Archaeological Studies
Authors: Graham Samuel A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSampling for insect remains was conducted at ruins under excavation at Wetherill Mesa during 1961 and 1962. The mesa-top samples were unproductive; the more-protected cliff dwellings offered better results. The fragile nature of insect remains requires special procedures in their separation and preservation from the samples of soil, adobe, mortar, fecal matter, and other material collected for study. Insect species were found that could have been pests in stored grain as well as in the farmlands. Other insects, chiefly beetles, were recovered that might be classified as household pests. Scavenger insects, mainly tenebrionids, scarab beetles, and flies, were associated with turkey roosts, pack-rat nests, fecal matter, and burials. Twenty-four specimens of human feces were studied; only one sample contained insect remains (grasshopper parts) that could have been ingested. Insect activity on timbers was observed. It is possible that the Indians felled trees and permitted bark beetles and borers to “work” on the trees, thus loosening the bark for easier stripping. Although this study was not as comprehensive as might have been hoped for, results indicate that entomological study should certainly be useful in archaeological investigations.
Identification of Feather Fragments by Microstudies
Authors: Hargrave Lyndon L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNot much work has been done on identification of feather fragments because of a deficiency in methods and a lack of trained persons. One individual, trained in these techniques, was tested intensively to determine the accuracy of his identifications. Besides identifying archaeological feather fragments, he also identified small fragments from artifacts (such as cotton socks), which is one example of the usefulness of this technique.
Effects of fulvic acids on goat sperm
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wu Zhengmu , Wang Min 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effects of adding fulvic acids (FAs) to semen extenders on the quality parameters of frozen–thawed goat buck spermatozoa remain undetermined. Buck semen samples collected from six mature goat bucks once a week were diluted with Tris–egg yolk-based extenders. The diluted semen samples were supplemented with FAs (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%, w/w), cryopreserved, and evaluated for sperm-quality parameters. Addition of FAs to the extender increased progressive motility, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and decreased percentage abnormality and sperm malondialdehyde level compared with the control group. However, excessive FA addition (>0.4%, w/w) to semen extenders did not improve the efficiency. The results indicated that FAs could be a promising cryoprotectant for goat buck sperm.
Deformation Mechanisms in a Rolled Magnesium Alloy Under Tension Along the Rolling Direction
Authors: Hou Dewen , Liu Tianmo , Shi Meng , Wen Haiming , Zhao Haiyan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe twinning and slip modes of a rolled magnesium alloy sheet were investigated through quasi-in-situ tensile tests that were carried out along the rolling direction at room temperature with a constant strain rate. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction observations were used to identify activated twinning and slip systems. Schmid factors were calculated to analyze different deformation modes. The analyses show that a small number of {10-12} tensile twins were present during deformation, and these twins resulted from the accommodation of compression along the tensile direction. Post-deformation examination revealed the dominance of prismatic <a> slip.
A Model for the Initiation, Evolution, and Controls on Seismic Behavior of the Garlock Fault, California
Authors: Hatem Alexandra E. , Dolan James F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe develop a model for the evolution and activity of the Garlock fault that combines elements of three previously proposed mechanisms: (1) conjugate slip to the San Andreas fault, (2) extension in the Basin and Range, and (3) bending from oblique shear in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). Conjugate slip is greatest in the west and decreases eastward. Conversely, extension‐induced slip increases westward from the eastern termination of the fault, reaching a maximum at and to the west of the intersection with the Sierra Nevada frontal fault. Oroclinal bending provides only a small contribution to Garlock slip that increases eastward from the east‐central segment. These spatiotemporally complex loading patterns may explain alternating periods of fault activity along the Garlock and neighboring faults. Moreover, these complex kinematic relationships demonstrate that the Garlock fault acts as an efficient mechanical bridge linking slip on the northern ECSZ and San Andreas fault that may have delayed or even obviated the long‐hypothesized development of a new Pacific‐North America plate boundary along the ECSZ‐Walker Lane.
The Distinct Contributions of the Seasonal Footprinting and Charged‐Discharged Mechanisms to ENSO Complexity
Authors: Yu Jin‐Yi , Fang Shih‐Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study finds the seasonal footprinting (SF) mechanism to be a key source of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) complexity, whereas the charged‐discharged (CD) mechanism acts to reduce complexity. The CD mechanism forces El Niño and La Niña to follow each other, resulting in a more cyclic and less complex ENSO evolution, while the SF mechanism involves subtropical forcing and results in an ENSO evolution that is more episodic and irregular. The SF mechanism also has a tendency to produce multiyear La Niña events but not multiyear El Niño events, contributing to El Niño‐La Niña asymmetries. The strength of CD mechanism has been steady, but SF mechanism has intensified during the past two decades, making ENSO more complicated. Most Climate Model Intercomparison Project version 5 models overestimate the strength of the CD mechanism but underestimate the strength of the SF mechanism, causing their simulated ENSOs to be too regular and symmetric.
Giant Pulsations Excited by a Steep Earthward Gradient of Proton Phase Space Density: Arase Observation
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Nosé Masahito , Kasahara Satoshi , Yokota Shoichiro , Keika Kunihiro , Matsuoka Ayako , Teramoto Mariko , Takahashi Kazue , Oimatsu Satoshi , Nomura Reiko , Vellante Massimo , Heilig Balázs , Fujimoto Akiko , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Shinohara Manabu , Shinohara Iku , Miyoshi Yoshizumi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present observational evidence of drift resonance between westward propagating odd mode standing ultralow frequency waves and energetic protons. Compressional ∼13 mHz (Pc4 band) waves and proton flux oscillations at >50 keV were detected at ∼03 hr magnetic local time by the Arase satellite on 15 April 2017. The azimuthal wave number (m number) is estimated to be ∼−50 from ground observations, while the theory of drift resonance gives m ∼− 49 for odd mode waves and ∼110‐keV protons, providing evidence that the drift resonance indeed took place in this event. We also found a steep earthward gradient of proton phase space density, which can quantitatively explain the wave excitation. The observed waves show typical features of giant pulsations (Pgs), regarding local time, m number, and flux oscillations. This study, therefore, has great implications to the field line mode structure and excitation mechanism of Pgs.
Detrital Zircons Dismember Sibumasu in East Gondwana
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Chung Sun‐Lin , Lai Yu‐Ming , Ghani Azman A. , Murtadha Sayed , Lee Hao‐Yang , Hsu Chun‐Chieh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSibumasu is inferred to have developed as a united terrane in East Gondwana, with West Sumatra linked to Cathaysia. New detrital zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotopic data from Sumatra, complemented by literature data, challenge the above views. The scarcity of early Neoproterozoic zircons in West Sumatra argues against a direct connection between West Sumatra and Cathaysia. Detrital zircons from East Sumatra exhibit age profiles similar to those of Lhasa, West Burma, and Western Australia, with detritus most probably sourced from Western Australia. By contrast, Sibusima (Sibumasu excluding East Sumatra) shows detrital zircon age patterns resembling those of the South Qiangtang and the Tethyan and High Himalaya terranes, whose detrital materials are most likely derived from northern India. Our observations require disaggregation of Sibumasu and a new configuration of northern East Gondwana in the early Paleozoic, with East Sumatra and West Burma occupying a position outboard the Lhasa terrane along the NW Australian margin and Sibusima situated on the northern Greater Indian margin.
Assessing the Potential Robustness of Conceptual Rainfall‐Runoff Models Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Guo Danlu , Johnson Fiona , Marshall Lucy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConceptual rainfall‐runoff (CRR) models are commonly used to assess the potential impact of climate change on water resources systems. However, they are often characterized by poorer performance when used to simulate a different climate compared to that of the calibration period. This is generally referred to as low model robustness, and these issues have been thoroughly explored using historical data. However, the implications of robustness are unknown for a changing climate where models may have to operate under conditions that lie beyond existing observations. This study extends these ideas to evaluate the “potential robustness” of different CRR models in the context of a changing climate. To achieve this aim, we combine a generalized split‐sample test framework with a stochastic weather generator. This allows us to assess the variabilities in runoff predictions obtained from using different calibration periods within each CRR model. We tested the potential robustness on three catchments with contrasting hydroclimatic conditions. We observed a consistent higher potential robustness in all models under drier conditions at all catchments. The three catchments illustrate contrasting patterns in the relative potential robustness of the three CRR models, which are related to both the structures of the CRR models and the unique catchment characteristics, highlighting the need of case‐specific assessment. This study illustrates a transferable empirical testing strategy to understanding variabilities in CRR model predictions. This approach can improve our knowledge of model behavior and thus informs the suitability of alternative models to simulate catchments hydrology under a changing climate.
In situ plasmonic optical fiber detection of the state of charge of supercapacitors for renewable energy storage
Authors: Lao Jiajie , Sun Peng , Liu Fu , Zhang Xuejun , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie , Guo Tuan , Xiao Gaozhi , Albert Jacques 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn situ and continuous monitoring of electrochemical activity is key to understanding and evaluating the operation mechanism and efficiency of energy storage devices. However, this task remains challenging. For example, the present methods are not capable of providing the real-time information about the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage devices while in operation. To address this, a novel approach based on an electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber sensor is proposed here. This approach offers the capability of in situ comprehensive monitoring of the electrochemical activity (the electrode potential and the SOC) of supercapacitors (used as an example). The sensor adopted is a tilted fiber Bragg grating imprinted in a commercial single-mode fiber and coated with a nanoscale gold film for high-efficiency SPR excitation. Unlike conventional “bulk” detection methods for electrode activity, our approach targets the “localized” (sub-μm-scale) charge state of the ions adjacent to the electrode interface of supercapacitors by monitoring the properties of the SPR wave on the fiber sensor surface located adjacent to the electrode. A stable and reproducible correlation between the real-time charge–discharge cycles of the supercapacitors and the optical transmission of the optical fiber has been found. Moreover, the method proposed is inherently immune to temperature cross-talk because of the presence of environmentally insensitive reference features in the optical transmission spectrum of the devices. Finally, this particular application is ideally suited to the fundamental qualities of optical fiber sensors, such as their compact size, flexible shape, and remote operation capability, thereby opening the way for other opportunities for electrochemical monitoring in various hard-to-reach spaces and remote environments.
Raspberry alleviates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zou Tiande , Gomez Noe Alberto , Wang Bo , Zhu Mei-Jun , Du Min 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Through dynamic means, etiological factors, including chronic inflammation and insulin resistance have the potential to perpetuate metabolic incidences such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Abatement of such syndromes can be achieved by complex mechanisms initiated through bioactive compounds such as polyphenols derived from fruits. Using a whole-fruit approach, the effects of dietary red raspberry, which is rich in polyphenols, on inflammatory responses and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles of Mus musculus were studied along with the potential role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to act as a key mediator.

SUBJECTS
Wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in the catalytic subunit (α1) of AMPK (AMPKα1−/−) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with raspberry (5% dry weight) for 10 weeks. Factors involved in inflammatory responses, insulin signaling transduction, and mitochondrial biogenesis were evaluated.

RESULTS
Dietary raspberry reduced ectopic lipid storage, alleviated inflammation responses, improved whole-body insulin sensitivity, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of WT mice, but not AMPKα1−/− mice.

CONCLUSIONS
AMPKα1 is an important mediator for the beneficial effects of raspberry through alleviating inflammatory responses and sensitizing insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice.
Development and validation of a new rating scale for perimenopausal depression—the Meno-D
Authors: Kulkarni Jayashri , Gavrilidis Emorfia , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Bleeker Caitlin , Worsley Roisin , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe menopause transition is a time when women experience an increased risk for new onset depression, as well as relapse of depression. While there are overlapping symptoms between major depression and depression during menopause, differences suggest ‘perimenopausal depression’ may be a unique subtype of depression associated with characteristic symptoms. There is currently no validated scale designed to measure perimenopausal depression. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate the ‘Meno-D’, a self-reporting or clinician rated questionnaire, designed to rate the severity of symptoms of perimenopausal depression. The development phase of the Meno-D involved literature review, clinical observation, and focus groups. A 12-item questionnaire was developed and clinically reviewed for face validity for content. The Meno-D was administered to women experiencing symptoms of perimenopausal depression as part of a larger baseline assessment battery. Validation involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The development of the Meno-D resulted in 12 items. A total of 93 participants with perimenopausal depression were involved in the baseline assessments, 82 completed the Meno-D. Factor analysis identified five sub-scales of the Meno-D “somatic; cognitive; self; sleep; sexual” with high-internal consistency; discriminant validity and a good construct and convergent validity. The Meno-D provides a unique tool for clinicians and researchers to measure the presence of perimenopausal depression.
Parkin regulates NF-κB by mediating site-specific ubiquitination of RIPK1
Authors: Wang Yu , Shan Bing , Liang Yaosi , Wei Huiting , Yuan Junying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractParkin (Park2), a RING-between-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been implicated in regulating NF-κB. Mutations in Parkin are associated with Parkinson’s disease. Here we investigated the interaction of Parkin with Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) kinase, a key mediator of multiple signaling pathways activated by TNFR1 including NF-κB pathway. We report that Parkin interacts with RIPK1 and mediates K63 ubiquitination of RIPK1 on K376 in TNFR1-signaling pathway. The expression of Parkin promotes the recruitment of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential molecule (NEMO), Sharpin and A20 in complex I associated with TNFR1 upon TNFα stimulation. Ubiquitination of RIPK1 by Parkin increases the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by promoting the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)α/β and IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65. Thus, we conclude that Parkin modulates the K63 ubiquitination status of RIPK1 to promote the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs.
BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 inhibits and reverses mechanical injury-induced corneal scarring
Authors: Qu Mingli , Zhang Xiaoping , Hu Xiaoli , Dong Muchen , Pan Xiaojing , Bian Jiang , Zhou Qingjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCorneal scarring is characterized by the improper deposition of extracellular matrix components and myofibroblast differentiation from keratocytes. The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 has been shown to attenuate pathological fibrosis. The present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect of JQ1 on mechanical injury-induced mouse corneal scarring and TGFβ-induced human corneal myofibroblast differentiation and the related mechanism. The corneal scarring and myofibroblast differentiation were evaluated with clinical observation and fibrosis-related gene expression analysis. In mice, subconjunctivally injected JQ1 suppressed the initial development and reversed the established progression of corneal scarring, while having no impairment on the epithelial regenerative capacity. BRD4 inhibition with either JQ1 or small-interfering RNA inhibited the differentiation and promoted the dedifferentiation of human corneal myofibroblasts. Moreover, JQ1 attenuated the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by TGFβ treatment, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activated the expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes. In conclusion, this study implicates that JQ1 suppresses and reverses corneal scarring through the regulation of BRD4 inhibition and Nrf2-dependant antioxidant induction.
Subtype-specific response of retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve crush
Authors: Daniel S. , Clark AF , McDowell CM 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic nerve degeneration and subsequent vision loss. There are about 30 different subtypes of RGCs whose response to glaucomatous injury is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of 4 RGC subtypes in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC). In this study, we also evaluated the pattern of axonal degeneration in RGC subtypes after nerve injury. We found that out of the 4 subtypes, transient-Off α RGCs are the most susceptible to injury followed by On–Off direction selective RGCs (DSGC). Non-image forming RGCs are more resilient with ipRGCs exhibiting the most resistance of them all. In contrast, axons degenerate irrespective of their retinal soma after ONC injury. In conclusion, we show that RGCs have subtype specific cell death response to ONC injury and that RGC axons disintegrate in an autonomous fashion undergoing Wallerian degeneration. These discoveries can further direct us towards effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma.
Discovery of a strain-stabilised smectic electronic order in LiFeAs
Authors: Yim Chi Ming , Trainer Christopher , Aluru Ramakrishna , Chi Shun , Hardy Walter N. , Liang Ruixing , Bonn Doug , Wahl Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn many high temperature superconductors, small orthorhombic distortions of the lattice structure result in surprisingly large symmetry breaking of the electronic states and macroscopic properties, an effect often referred to as nematicity. To directly study the impact of symmetry-breaking lattice distortions on the electronic states, using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy we image at the atomic scale the influence of strain-tuned lattice distortions on the correlated electronic states in the iron-based superconductor LiFeAs, a material which in its ground state is tetragonal with four-fold (C4) symmetry. Our experiments uncover a new strain-stabilised modulated phase which exhibits a smectic order in LiFeAs, an electronic state which not only breaks rotational symmetry but also reduces translational symmetry. We follow the evolution of the superconducting gap from the unstrained material with C4 symmetry through the new smectic phase with two-fold (C2) symmetry and charge-density wave order to a state where superconductivity is completely suppressed.