bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural histochemical alteration of the plasma membrane in chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Ackerman GA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ultrastructural histochemical evaluation of the surface of normal human blood and bone marrow cells exposed to the pyroantimonate-osmium (PAO) reaction indicated the selective binding of pyroantimonate to certain cations (calcium, magnesium, and possibly sodium) associated with the plasma membrane of neutrophilic leukocytes and their developmental forms. Other leukocytes and their precursors did not exhibit plasma membrane PAO reactivity. The extent of surface binding was related to cell maturity, with maximal labeling evident in the mid and late promyelocytes; decreased binding occurred with subsequent maturation while myeloblasts were nonreactive. This study was initiated to ascertain if histochemical surface modifications of neutrophilic cells occur in certain myeloproliferative disorders. In this regard, we have been able to demonstrate a distinctive defect in the plasma membrane PAO binding characteristics of the leukemic cells in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Limited binding of pyroantimonate to the plasma membrane of the leukemic cell series in four patients with CML contrasted with that of the normal granulocytic cell series and the neutrophilic cells seen in myelomonocytic leukemia (two patients), myelofibrosis (one patient), and acute myelocytic leukemia (three patients). Comparison of surface PAO reactivity of neutrophilic cells in all stages of maturation in two patients with CML in blast crisis revealed that, in the patient with 30% circulating blast cells, PAO reactivity was identical to that noted in CML, while in the patient with 80% circulating blast forms, the PAO reactivity of the maturing neutrophilic cells more nearly resembled that observed in neutrophilic cells from normal individuals. Many neutrophilic cells from patients with myelofibrosis and myelomonocytic leukemia and from one patient in severe blast crisis had large surface deposits of pyroantimonate considered to reflect increased membrane-associated reactive cation.
Pluripotential stem cell differentiation in hemopoietic colonies
Authors: DeGowin RL , Gibson DP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To determine if mononuclear cells proliferating in murine hemopoietic spleen colonies were pluripotential in addition to possessing kinetic features of stem cells, we performed sequential studies of mice during their recovery from a split-dose irradiation regimen of 850 roentgens leg shielded-3-hr interval-850 roentgens leg irradiated (850R L.S. 3- L.I.). Injecting tritiated thymidine during stem cell compartment repletion 3 and 4 days after 850R L.S. 3- L.I. resulted in heavily labeled mononuclear cells resembling medium to large leptochromatic lymphocytes in the portion of spleen removed an hour after injection. The splenic remnant obtained from the same mouse 24–48 hr later contained lightly labeled erythroblasts, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells. Grain counts suggested that erythroblasts and their precursors had undergone about four divisions, myeloid cells and their precursors two to three divisions, and lymphoid cells and their precursors two to three divisions during the 48-hr period. Similar studies in plethoric mice demonstrated the labeling of mononuclear cells on day 4 and their differentiation to myeloid and lymphoid cells by day 6. This finding confirmed that the labeled mononuclear cells were not exclusively erythroblast progenitors. On the basis of these and previous studies of post-irradiation survival and erythropoietic recovery, we conclude that these endogenous monomuclear cells, which resemble medium to large leptochromatic lymphocytes and replicate during stem cell compartment repletion, are pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells.
Relationship of colony-stimulating activity to apparent kill of human colony-forming cells by irradiation and hydroxyurea
Authors: Broxmeyer HE , Galbraith PR , Baker FL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Suspensions of human bone marrow cells were subjected to 137Cs irradiation in vitro and then cultured in semisolid agar medium. Cultures of irradiated cells were stimulated with colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of different potencies, and it was found that the amount of stimulation applied to cultures influenced the apparent kill of colony-forming cells (CFC). It was also found that the effects of irradiation on colony formation were not confined to CFC kill since medium conditioned by cells during irradiation exhibited stimulatory and inhibitory properties after treatment by 600 and 1000 rads, respectively. Studies in which irradiated cells were pretreated with hydroxyurea indicated that CFC in the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle were particularly sensitive to low doses of irradiation. The proliferative capacity of CFC surviving 1000 rads was undiminished as judged by their ability to form large colonies. Estimates of CFC kill by hydroxyurea were also affected by the level of CSA.
Sterospecific tissue uptake and nuclear accumulation of testosterone in the development of the mouse erythropoietic spleen
Authors: Hadjian AJ , Spivak JL , Kowarski A , Dickerman HW , Migeon CJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A double isotope ratio technique was used to estimate the specific binding of testosterone (T), as opposed to its biologically nonactive stereoisomer, epitestosterone (Epi T). The mouse erythropoietic spleen formed in response to a phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia was used as the target organ. Spleen minces from preanemic mice, as well as those in the early and late phases of erythropoietic spleen development, were incubated with 10(-9) M of 14C-T and 3H-EpiT, and the selective uptake of T was calculated from the 14C/3H ratio measured in the media before and after incubation, as well as in the subcellular fractions of the minces. Preferential uptake of T was seen in the early phase of development, but not in spleens obtained from preanemic animals or those in the late phase. There was no evidence of metabolic conversion of T or EpiT. The selective uptake of T by early phase spleens was reflected in a preferential nuclear accumulation of T. These data represent the first demonstration of a specific binding of T in vitro to a developing erythroid tissue.
Acquired XO/XY clones in bone marrow of a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Authors: Whang-Peng J , Knutsen T , Lee EC , Leventhal B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytogenetic studies showed both 45XO and 46XY clones in the bone marrow of a 76-yr-old male with a 17-yr history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). 55Fe incorporation studies demonstrated that both clones involved the hematopoietic stem cells. The loss of the Y chromosome may reflect an aging phenomenon, rather than be related to the PNH.
Treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with favorable histologies: preliminary results of a prospective trial
Authors: Portlock CS , Rosenberg SA , Glatstein E , Kaplan HS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
From July 1971 to August 1975, 63 previously untreated patients with stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with favorable histologies were prospectively randomized to three treatment programs: cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone alone (CVP); split course CVP and total lymphoid irradiation (CVP-TLI); or single alkylating agent (SA) therapy. More than 95% of all patients responded to therapy, and pathologically documented complete remissions were achieved in 78.3% of CV, 65% OF CVP-TLI, and 55% of SA patients (p greater greater than 0.2). The actuarial probability of obtaining a complete remission was the same (greater than 80%) for SA patients as it was for those receiving CV or CVP-TLI, but the time required to achieve a complete remission was more prolonged for SA patients (up to 40 mo). Only six (14.3%) complete responders have relapsed; the others have remained relapse-free for periods of 1–35 mo. There have been no statistically significant differences noted among the groups in terms of the probability of disease-free survival or survival, and 82.7% of all patients are alive at 30 mo (84.6% CVP, 73% CVP-TLI, and 90% sa). all three treatment programs have thus been highly effective in achieving excellent responses and prolonged disease-free survivals in patients with stage IV non-Hodgkins lymphomas with favorable histologies. Over the 4-yr period of study, single agent therapy has been associated with as good or better overall survival when compared to the more aggressive treatment programs (CVP and CVP-TLI).
Use of prothrombin complex concentrates in the treatment of a hemophilic patient with an inhibitor of factor VIII
Authors: Sonoda T , Solomon A , Krauss S , Cruz P , Jones FS , Levin J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The course and treatment of a life-threatening hemorrhagic episode in a patient with hemophilia A whose plasma contained a high concentration of an inhibitor of factor VIII activity is presented. The inhibitor of factor VIII was localized to the most anodal fractions of immunoglobulin G on electrophoresis, and was thus presumed to be an antibody directed against factor VIII. No therapeutic benefit occurred with infusions of massive amounts of fresh blood and factor VIII concentrates, or with a brief course of immunosuppressive therapy. Administration of standard and activated prothrombin complex concentrates resulted in reduction of the partial thromboplastin time to almost normal values and control of hemorrhage. Eight months later, another hemorrhagic episode occurred. Although a higher titer of inhibitor of factor VIII activity was still present in the patient's plasma, a beneficial therapeutic response was again achieved with standard prothrombin complex infusions.
Human marrow erythropoiesis in culture. I. Characterization of methylcellulose colony assay
Authors: Ogawa M , Parmley RT , Bank HL , Spicer SS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examined the morphological and functional characteristics of human marrow erythrocytes cultured with a recently developed methylcellulose colony assay technique. Erythrocytic cells in various stages of development were observed, and a significant degree of maturational synchrony within individual colonies was noted. By light microscopy, colonies consisting of late normoblasts appeared compact, had an orange hue attributable to their hemoglobin, and demonstrated pseudoperoxidase activity, whereas colonies composed of early erythroblasts grew less compact or in clusters of smaller cell aggregates and showed no reddish tinge. Colonies possessing intermediate features were also observed. Maturational synchrony of individual colonies was confirmed using ransmission and scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of most immature cells were normal. The mature erythrocytes, however, were severely microcytic and hypochromic and contained one to several Heinz bodies. These defects in the cytoplasmic maturation of erythrocytes corresponded with impaired granulocytic maturation in culture, which we observed previously, and suggest environmental or nutritional defects in culture. Linearity of the method was confirmed using five normal bone marrows. Erythropoietin dose-responses observed in ten normal marrows were comparable to the previously reported results and revealed significant variation in individual plating efficiencies.
Acquired angioedema with lymphoproliferative disorder: association of C1 inhibitor deficiency with cellular abnormality
Authors: Schreiber AD , Zweiman B , Atkins P , Goldwein F , Pietra G , Atkinson B , Abdou NI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with a lymphoproliferative disorder, angioedema, and an acquired deficiency of the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement was studied. The patient's complement profile revealed depletion of the first component of complement, which has not been seen in angioedema of the hereditary type. There was no evidence for C1- depleting activity in the patient's plasma. The majority of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells resembled B cells in their memebrane receptor properties and in that they carried easily detectable immunoglobulin, predominantly IgM. However, these cells were unusual in that they phagocytosed both latex particles and C3-coated erythrocytes. Morphological study of the cells infiltrating the patient's lung revealed immature, atypical, and plasmacytoid lymphocytes and immunoblasts. Both the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a suspension of cells from the pulmonary infiltrate were capable of depleting the first component of complement and its inhibitor from homologous plasma. Normal ABO-compatible cells did not possess this property. The data suggested that the patient's abnormal lymphoid cells may have interacted with the complement system to produce a biochemical defect and a clinical syndrome closely resembling angioedema of the hereditary type.
Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia. II. Bactericidal capacity, phagocytic rate, oxygen consumption, and granule protein composition in isolated granulocytes
Authors: Olofsson T , Odeberg H , Olsson I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The initial rate of phagocytosis, oxygen consumption rate during phagocytosis, bactericidal capacity against Escherichia coli, and the granule protein composition of isolated mature-appearing granulocytes were studied in 23 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. The initial rate of phagocytosis was decreased (p less than 0.05) in the CGL patient group, as were oxygen consumption rate (p less than 0.001) and bactericidal capacity (p less than 0.001). Kinetic analysis of the ingestion rate showed CGL granulocytes to have the same capacity to bind the particles as normal granulocytes. Both specific and primary granule protein deficiencies were shown for CGL granulocytes, and these deficiencies were more pronounced at or near blast cell transformation. Analysis of all different granulocyte function parameters showed an inverse correlation to white blood cell counts (p less than 0.01) and to the percentage of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood (p less than 0.001). The leukocytosis doubling time was progressively shortened during the chronic course of the disease. A correlation was found between granulocyte function parameters and leukocytosis doubling time (p less than 0.001), indicating that granulocyte function was progressively deteriorating during chronic phase CGL, and may be an expression of increasing disturbance of the differentiation process.
Association of decreased membrane protein phosphorylation with red blood cell spherocytosis
Authors: Matsumoto N , Yawata Y , Jacob HS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A close association between sphering of human red cells and deficient phosphorylation of their membrane proteins has been documented in three spearate situations. Red cells rendered spheroidal by exposure to: (1) elevated temperatures; (2) two sulfhydryl inhibitors (N-ethylmaleimide or paramercuribenzoate); or (3) in the genetic situation of hereditary spherocytosis--all manifest deficient phosphorylation of endogenous membrane proteins by ATP. In the two former cases, we have noted an exact association between the onset of red cell sphering (e.g., as temperatures rose above 48 degrees C or N-ethylmaleimide concentrations exceeded 2 mumoles/ml RBC) and the development of deficient ghost protein phosphorylation.
Effect of aspirin on thrombogenesis and on production of experimental aortic valvular Streptococcus viridans endocarditis in rabbits
Authors: Levison ME , Carrizosa J , Tanphaichitra D , Schick PK , Rubin W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Because thrombus formation at the site of endothelial injury has been thought to be a critical step in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis, the effect of aspirin on experimental valvular thrombosis and bacterial endocarditis in rabbits was evaluated. Aortic valvular injury and thrombosis were induced in aspirin-treated and control rabbits with intracardiac catheters. A subsequent inoculation of Streptococcus viridans resulted in the development of infective endocarditis. Rabbits were sacrificed as early as 6 hr, and the effectiveness of aspirin was determined by the weight of the sterile vegetations and the quantitation of bacteria in the thrombotic vegetation. Aspirin, in levels in excess of 50 mg/dl did not attenuate the evolution of infective endocarditis, since the formation of sterile thrombotic vegetation and bacterial endocarditis in aspirin-treated rabbits was similar to those in controls.
Role of transferrin in determining internal iron distribution
Authors: Pootrakul P , Christensen A , Josephson B , Finch CA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The behavior in vivo of transferrin in loading and unloading iron from its two sites was examined in rats. Radioiron entering the plasma from the gastrointestinal tract in iron-deficient, normal and iron-loaded rats did not differ in its subsequent tissue distribution between erythroid marrow and liver of normal recipients from a second isotope added to the same plasma in vitro. Loading studies in vitro were then carried out employing a reticulocyte incubation model designed to place one isotope predominantly on one site of transferrin, more available to the erythron, and the second isotope on the other site, more available to the liver. In 15 groups of animals in which 3 different iron salts were employed to load transferrin with iron, the mean isotope ratio in the erythron was 1.03 (+/-0.06 SD) and the mean liver ratio was 0.75 (+/-0.21 SD). It was found that the incubation of plasma with reticulocytes resulted in contamination of the plasma by radioactive hemoglobin. After allowance was made for hepatic uptake of radiohemoglobin in the 13 groups in which proper correction could be made, the isotope ratio in the liver became 0.97 (+/-0.17 SD). It is concluded that iron atoms from the two sites of transferrin have similar tissue distributions in vivo in the experimental situations examined.
Granulopoietic and erythropoietic activity in patients with anemias of iron deficiency and chronic disease
Authors: Mahmood T , Robinson WA , Kurnick JE , Vautrin R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and erythropoietin (Ep) were measured in 16 patients with iron-deficiency anemia and 15 patients with the anemia of chronic disease. Levels of both CSF and Ep in the serum of patients with iron-deficiency anemia had an inverse linear relationship to the level of the packed cell volume (PCV). There was no correlation between PCV and the levels of CSF or Ep in the serum of patients with the anemia of chronic disease. The similarity in the behavior of CSF and Ep in iron-deficiency anemia suggests that they may be influenced by similar control mechanisms or have a common cellular or molecular source.
Increased glutathione peroxidase activity in alpha-thalassemia
Authors: Beutler E , Matsumoto F , Powars D , Warner J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was found to be greatly elevated in members of a family with alpha-thalassemia. Eleven other families with proven alpha-thalassemia were investigated, and all but one subject with hemoglobin H disease had increased red cell GSHPx. Most persons with alpha-thalassemia trait also had increased activity of red cell GSHPx. In contrast, only very modest increases in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed in subjects with various forms of beta-thalassemia.
Neutrophil life span in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Brubaker LH , Essig LJ , Mengel CE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have studied neutrophil intravascular life span in six patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH); four had normal neutrophil counts when studied and two were neutropenic. Five patients had enough circulating neutrophils to isolate for tests in vitro. Lysis of labeled neutrophils was greatly increased, compared to that of normal volunteers, when these neutrophils were incubated with acidified fresh serum as a source of active complement plus serum containing antineutrophil antibodies (from three different sources). Despite the in vitro lesion, however, each of these patients had a normal neutrophil intravascular life span as measured by the 32P- diisopropylfluorophosphate technique. One neutropenic patient, who had a normal neutrophil life span, had a shift of cells from the circulating to marginated pool of sufficient degree to cause the neutropenia. A second (severely) neutropenic patient was found to have developed extreme marrow hypoplasia, also explaining the neutropenia. Thus, in contrast to the shortened red cell life span, we have been unable to find a shortened neutrophil life span in PNH.
Immunofluorescent method for positive identification of null-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemias: use of heterologous antiserum
Authors: Kadin M , Billing RJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients could be subclassified into two groups depending on whether or not their leukemia cells expressed a B-lymphocyte antigen. The antigen was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence test using rabbit antisera. In the positive group, consisting of 26 of 32 patients, the leukemia cells were of the “null”- cell type, i.e., they did not appear to express currently recognized T- and -b-cell markers. Absroption studies indicated that the positive null-cell group expressed a common antigen which was not expressed on the negative group. Of the 6 negative cases,, 5 expressed complement receptors and 3 expressed T-cell markers. The negative group was also characterized by high white cell counts and the pressence of a mediastinal mass.
Erythropoiesis during recovery from iron deficiency: normocytes and macrocytes
Authors: Bessman D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 26 patients with severe iron deficiency and microcytic anemia (MCV less than 70 fl), serial red cell size distribution histograms (erythrograms) were taken before and during iron therapy. Initially all patients had a single population of red cells, all microcytes. With the first reticulocytosis after iron therapy, a new population of cells appeared, larger in volume than the original. In 23 of 26 patients the new population of cells was of normal size (82–96 fl). In 3 of 26, the new population was macrocytic (MCV greater than 98 fl). Of these 3, 1 had folate deficiency; after folate was given, normocytes were produced. The other 2, both taking phenytoin and 1 a heavy alcohol using, had persistent macrocytosis despite folate administration. Erythrograms allowed quantitative, rapid evaluation of erythropoietic response to iron repletion. Abnormal macrocytic responses could be identified and seemed to occur with some frequency.
Marrow culture in diffusion chambers in rabbits. I. Effect of mature granulocytes on cell production
Authors: Willemze R , Walker RI , Herion JC , Palmer JG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Factors influencing granulopoiesis have been evaluated using diffusion chambers implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. An increase in granulopoiesis in chambers implanted in hosts made neutropenic by nitrogen mustard occurs in mice made neutropenic by x-ray or drug. The intraperitoneal injection of leukocytes inhibited the growth of cells in chambers implanted in rabbits. Removal of mature granulocytes from marrow prior to chamber inoculation produced a marked in-increase in cell growth, especially of granulocytes. Mature granulocytes clearly inhibited cell replication and this inhibition involved both myeloid and erythroid elements, although the data suggest a greater effect on myelopoiesis. In contrast to the mouse, erythropoiesis in chambers in rabbits remained prominent for over 1 wk.