bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Possible Protective Effect of Chia Seed Oil on Atropine Induced Dry Eye Model in Male Adult Albino Rat: A Histological Study
Authors: Abd Elaziz Yasmin Tarek Rashad , Mohamed Safaa Mohamed Shaker , Ibrahim Gehan Abd Elkhalek , Elrazick M. Elkhateb Lobna Abd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease that could be presented by discomfort, burning, itching, redness, light sensitivity, visual problems, and instability of the tear film. It might be complicated by damage to the surface of the eye. The nutritional composition of chia seed oil (CSO) provided many health-promoting properties. CSO is generally considered to be the best plant source of Omega-3 fatty acids. In ophthalmology, omega-3 is considered as essential fatty acid for ocular surface homeostasis. It works by blocking proinflammatory eicosanoids and reducing cytokines through anti-inflammatory activity.

Aim of the Work
assess possible protective effect of chia seed oil on atropine induced dry eye in male adult albino rat.

Materials and Methods
Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study and were divided in to four groups (10 in each group): Group I (Control group), Group II (CSO group) CSO 2. 5 ml/kg/day orally by gavage feeding tube for 14 days, Group III (DED group) induction of DED by injecting 1 mg/kg atropine (single dose) into the extra orbital lacrimal gland in the right eye, Group IV (treated group) CSO was given as in group II and on day 7, dry eye was induced as in group III.

Results
In group III, there was prominent detachment in the corneal epithelium and increase in the conjunctival epithelium thickness with irregular cellular arrangement. Newly formed blood vessels were observed in substantia propria of cornea with irregular organization of collagen lamellae. Inflammatory cells infiltration was seen in subconjunctival connective tissue. All these findings showed improvement in group IV.

Conclusion
Chia seed oil extract could be beneficial in reducing the symptoms associated with DED.
Comparison between Skin Prick Test and Specific IgE in Diagnosis of House Dust Mite Sensitization in Respiratory Allergy of Seniors
Authors: Youssef Ashour Zienab Ahmed , Abdellatif Osama Mohamed , Ali Al-Bdry Mai Asem , Mahmoud ELNahas Amira Wael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory allergies, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis, represent prevalent global health concerns with significant implications for public health and economic burdens.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate which tool is best in diagnosis of respiratory allergy caused by house dust mites in seniors, skin prick test versus specific IgE.

Patients and Methods
A total of 60 patients with respiratory allergic diseases were enrolled in a year-long study conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients were categorized into two groups: 30 seniors (aged ≥ 60 years) and 30 young individuals (aged 15-30 years), with sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tools compared between the groups.

Results
A total of 60 patients with respiratory allergic diseases were enrolled in a year-long study conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients were categorized into two groups: 30 seniors (aged ≥ 60 years) and 30 young individuals (aged 15-30 years), with sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tools compared between the groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study suggests that specific IgE may be more accurate than the skin prick test for diagnosing house dust mite allergy in seniors. Further research with a larger sample size and consideration of various allergens is recommended. This study is the first of its kind to compare specific IgE and the skin prick test in elderly individuals.
Role of Serum Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein as a New Biomarker for Cirrhotic and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Mohammed Amr Adel Ibrahim , Moghny Mostafa El Sayed Mohammed Abd-El , Riad George Safwat , Gamil Anwar Ayman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, it is the second leading cause of malignancy related mortality all over the world and is primarily due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum AAG level as a novel biomarker for HCC and cirrhotic patients

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on ninety cases chosen from El Demerdash hospital (Ain Shams University) divided into three groups group (A) ten normal control people, group (B) forty known HCC patients which was further subdivided into two small subgroups B (I) twenty with low AFP level and B (II) twenty with high AFP level, as well as forty patients with liver cirrhosis group (C) during the period from June 2022 to December 2022.

Results
The mean value of AAG in HCC low AFP cases was 1307 μg/ml which was higher than that of patients with HCC high AFP (850 μg/ml) and chronic liver disease patients (309 μg/ml). AAG as a diagnostic marker for HCC the cut-off value was 740 ng/ml with sensitivity 73% and specificity 74% for HCC low AFP, which was higher than that of patients with HCC high AFP sensitivity 68% and specificity 71%.

Conclusion
Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein had better performance in diagnosing HCC patients with low AFP. Serum Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations can used as a potential marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sevelamer Hydrochloride on Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Level in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elsaied Tamer Wahid , Ahmed Fatma Abdelrahman , Khalil Amr Mohammed Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high levels of FGF23 in the blood which linked to an increased risk of heart problems and death. Phosphate binders to treat CKD patients by lowering their blood phosphate levels, which can also help reduce FGF23 levels.

Aim of the Work
Evaluation of Sevelamer Hydrochloride effect on FGF23 level in Hemodialysis patients who started hemodialysis sessions more than three months ago.

Patients and Methods
This study was designed to investigate the potential benefits of sevelamer hydrochloride in hemodialysis patients. It involved 100 participants randomly divided into two equal groups (50 each) using a 1:1 ratio. One group (Group I) received sevelamer hydrochloride treatment. The other group (Group II) did not receive the medication and served as a control group.

Results
Our study found significant improvements in several key markers in the sevelamer group compared to the group didn’t receive the medications: FGF-23 levels: Decreased significantly by nearly 39.6 pg/ml in the sevelamer group, while in group II showed minimal change (only 0.4 pg/ml) also, showed significantly lower phosphorus (PO4) levels (p-value &lt; 0.001), in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase: Significantly decreased in the sevelamer group compared to group II (p-value &lt; 0.001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP): also significantly decreased (p-value &lt; 0.001). Overall, this study suggests that sevelamer treatment may offer potential benefits for hemodialysis patients by: Lowering FGF-23, PO4, PTH, alkaline phosphatase, and hsCRP levels and having minimal side effects.

Conclusion
Non-calcium-based phosphate binder (Sevelamer hydrochloride) treatment resulted in significant reductions in FGF-23 levels, phosphate levels (PO4), parathyroid hormone levels (PTH), alkaline phosphatase levels, and hsCRP levels suggesting that Sevelamer may be effective in improving the biochemical markers associated with kidney disease, potentially leading to a reduced risk of cardiovascular complications and death.
Study of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Risk of Developing Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Abdelfattah Hadia Elsayed , Bekhet Meram Mohamed Mahmoud , Saleh Amr Mahmoud Mohamed , Tawfik Fairouz Ahmed , Elias Diana Guirguis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Studies have suggested that diabetes increases the risk of incident depression and anxiety. Also, it can contribute to a more severe course of depression and anxiety with different mechanisms. Moreover, Insulin resistance is an essential component in development of diabetes in diabetic patients. Yet, no sufficient studies revealed the relationship between insulin resistance and depression and anxiety. Hence, this is important to prevent, early detect, treat, and identify factors affecting their incidence, as this affects prognosis and insulin resistant individuals’ quality of life.

Aim of the Work
To study the relationship between insulin resistance and risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders.

Patients and Methods
This is a case control study conducted on patients from diabetes and Internal medicine clinics and department of Ain Shams University Hospitals. This present study aimed at analyzing the data of 60 participants divided into 3 groups. Group 1has 20 Insulin resistant diabetic patients. Group 2 has 20 Insulin resistant non diabetic patients. Group 3 has 20 Non insulin resistant non diabetic normal subjects, over two months period from December 2022 to March 2023. They were subjected to clinical examination and laboratory work up including (HbA1c, HOMA IR, lipid profile), then they were screened by PHQ and GAD.

Results
A total of 60 participants who are composed of 56.6% females, 70% non workers, 78% married, 30% smokers and 62% with BMI more than 25. As regards psychiatric assessment, PHQ assessment shows a total of 34 participants having depression representing (56.67%), while GAD assessment shows 28 subjects having anxiety disorder (46.67%). As regard the comparison between the 3 groups the HOMA IR values are higher in group 1 and 2, while, HbA1c values are more in group 1 which show a statistical significance with p value &lt;0.001 each. As regards, psychiatric assessment of the participants, 75% of group 1, 60% of group 2 and only 35% of group 3 suffer from depression scored by PHQ. This shows a statistically significant correlation between DM, IR and depression (p value = 0.036) Furthermore, 65% of group 1, 55% of group 2 and only 20% of group 3 suffer from scored by GAD. This shows a statistically significant correlation between DM, IR and anxiety (p value = 0.011)

Conclusion
Depression shows significant correlation with HbA1c value and Anxiety shows significant correlation with HOMA IR value. Hence, psychiatric evaluation can’t be ignored in any case with insulin resistance or diabetes. Detecting factors which affect the prevalence of such complications will help in preventing them in the future. So, further research to establish management protocols to reduce these complications is needed.
The Prognostic Value of Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 6 in H-pylori Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Salama Mohamed Magdy , Bayomy Esraa Gamal Abd Elsattar , Awad Emad Ahmed , Abdo Ahmed Abbas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacteria that colonizes the gastrointestinal mucosa and causes chronic inflammation and leads to different diseases such as peptic ulcer, bile reflux, gastritis, autoimmunity, or allergic response etc. This also develops into gastric cancer.

Aim of the Work
The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of interleukin 4, interleukin 6 in hpylori infected patients before and after treatment

Patients and Methods
This cohort study was conducted in Ain Shams University Hospital inpatient ward and Gastroenterology outpatient clinic for 6 month between August 2023 to February 2024 in Ain Shams University Hospital. This study was performed on 45 Egyptian patients with peptic ulcer due to H-pylori.

Results
There was significant difference between before and after treatment as regards HB, WBCs, Albumin and CRP (P &lt; 0.05). There was significant difference between before and after treatment as regards IL-6 and IL-4 (P &lt; 0.05). There was significant positive correlation between IL-6, CRP and WBCs (p &lt; 0.05). Also, there was significant positive correlation between IL-4, CRP and WBCs (p &lt; 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of IL-4 as a discriminatory marker between before and after treatment among H-pylori infected patients was assessed using ROC curve which revealed a sensitivity 91.7% and specificity of 66.7% at cutoff value &gt;50.7 pg/ml, with an acceptable discriminative accuracy of 80%. While the diagnostic accuracy of IL-6 as a discriminatory marker between before and after treatment among H-pylori infected patients was assessed using ROC curve which revealed a sensitivity 98.11% and specificity of 90.1% at cutoff value &gt;40.8 pg/ml, with an acceptable discriminative accuracy of 87%.

Conclusion
In this study we concluded that there is an increased production of IL-6 and IL-4 among H- pylori infected patients that may be an important mediator of the inflammatory response. Serum IL-6 and IL- 4 is significantly lower after treatment of H. Pylori infected patients. Still, we caution that studies with larger groups of patients and properly matched control groups, are needed to confirm these findings.
Potential Role of Gall Bladder Wall Thickness as Non-Invasive Screening Parameter for Detecting Oesophageal Varices
Authors: Moones Ahmed Ali , Rahman Hany Aly Hussein Abd El , Youssef Mohamed Gamal , Gawargy Hedra Nader Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver cirrhosis is defined pathologically as fibrosis and inflammation of the liver which is caused by chronic HBV, chronic HCV, NASH, NAFLD, chronic alcohol use and auto immune diseases which lead to portal hypertension.

Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether non-inflammatory gall bladder wall thickness serve as predictor of oesophageal varices in combination and comparison with other non- invasive clinical and laboratory parameters.

Subjects and Methods
This case-control study was conducted at the Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, Ain Shams University, Egypt. The study was conducted over a period of one year, from January 2022 until January 2023.

Result
There was no statistically significant difference between both groups as regard age, sex and associated comorbidities. There was statistically significant higher rate of clinical findings either gastrointestinal or systematic in subjects with esophageal varices that those without varices. 37.78% of subjects with cirrhosis without esophageal varices have normal clinical examination.

Conclusion
According our study, measuring gallbladder wall thickness is very useful for detection of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients as we find significant association between gallbladder wall thickness and liver cirrhosis patients with esophageal varices. GBWT improve the non-invasive monitoring of liver disease patients to assess the risk for the presence of EV.
Evaluation of Methylated Septin 9 as a Biomarker in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Ghaly Sameh Mohammad , Khayyal Ahmed ElSaady , Naguib Ahmed Mohamed , Abdelshafi Israa Adel Abdelaziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates associated with economic development and lifestyle changes. Conventional diagnostic methods for CRC suffer from limitations, prompting the exploration of novel biomarkers such as methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9).

Aim of the Work
This case-control study aimed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of mSEPT9 for blood-based CRC detection in an Egyptian population. The study also sought to compare the diagnostic performance of mSEPT9 with two established tumor biomarkers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9).

Patients and Methods
Forty CRC patients from outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University Hospital and 40 matched healthy individuals were enrolled. Levels of mSEPT9, CEA, and CA19-9 were measured in both groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the discriminative power of these markers.

Results
Demographic data showed no significant differences between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Methylated Septin 9 levels were markedly higher in the CRC group (225.1 [164.2-344.8]) compared to controls (19.9 [12.1-43.2]) (p &lt; 0.001). Positive CEA results were more frequent in the CRC group (50%) compared to controls (96.7%) (p &lt; 0.001). Positive CA19-9 results were found in 20% of the CRC group and none in controls (p &lt; 0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated good discriminative power for mSEPT9 (accuracy = 88%, p &lt; 0.001) with a sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 86.7%. CEA showed moderate discriminative power (accuracy = 73.3%, p &lt; 0.05) with a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 96.7%. CA19-9 exhibited poor discriminative power (accuracy = 60%, p &lt; 0.05) with a sensitivity of 20% and specificity of 100%. Combining all markers yielded an accuracy of 86.7% (p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity of 86.7%, and specificity of 86.7%.

Conclusion
Our results showed that plasma mSEPT9 represents a promising biomarker in CRC diagnosis. Therefore, further investigations on the diagnostic performance of the fecal test by different cut-off values are highly warranted. Along with the advantage of convenience and non-invasiveness, mSEPT9 is a promising biomarker in CRC detection. It could be expected that a further colonoscopy targeting the high-risk population (mSEPT9 positive) could improve the confirmation ability of CRC diagnosis, which avoids the repeated screening and reduces the invasive procedures. Combined use of mSEPT9 with traditional method could improve the diagnostic sensitivity especially among CRC patients in early stage, which may provide a new approach for future CRC screening, while further investigations with large sample size are highly warranted.
Study of the Effect of HCO3 Supplementation on Serum α-Klotho Protein Level in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pilot Study
Authors: Shaker Manal Mohammed , Wahab Saeed Saeed Abd El , Hassan Mohamed Saeed , Khedr Lina Essam , Elsharabasy Reem Mohsen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was prevalent worldwide in the middle-aged and old-aged population. It has been recognized as an important disease threatening human health. Individuals with CKD are at risk of bone disorders, vascular abnormalities, and premature mortality due to changes in Ca2 and PO4 haemostasis.

Aim of the Work
To study the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on soluble α-Klotho serum levels in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 3b:4) according to the CKD-EPI formula.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 44 diabetic patients with CKD stages 3b-4 according to the CKD-EPI formula ESRD recruited from Inward and OPC patients at El-Demerdash Internal Medicine Hospital. Their age ranged from 26 to 76 year. This study was conducted from June 2023 to November 2023; each participant signed informed consent. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University in April 2023.

Results
The mean age in cases was 57.1 ± 12.9 years was comparable to the control 55.1 ± 11.3 years with no significant difference between groups (p &gt; 0.05). As regard sex distribution of the 44 patients included, males were 45.5% and females 54.5% with no significant difference between groups (p &gt; 0.05). In our study there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding DM duration (p &gt; 0.05) or treatment also regarding presence of HTN or antihypertensive (p &gt; 0.05). Also results showed no significant difference between cases and control as regard serum creatinine, eGFR, calcium, phosphorus, PTH and HBA1c (p &gt; 0.05). As regards p/c ratio, there was significant difference between cases and control (P &lt; 0.05). An interesting finding in this work was the significant increase in serum alpha klotho after 6 months of HCO3 supplementation, The Klotho (pg/mL) Before ranged from 296.1 to 730.2 with mean 388.5 ± 100.6 and the Klotho (pg/mL) After ranged from 426.1 to 933.3 with mean 641.5 ± 131.1.

Conclusion
There was highly significant difference found between before and after sodium bicarbonate supplementation in terms of Klotho and Hco3 in chronic kidney disease patients stage 3b to 4.
Gut Microbiome Lactobacillus acidophilus and its Relation to Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Hormonal Profile
Authors: Elfatah Mohamed Mojahed Mohamed Abd , Elfatah Morsy Hadia Elsayed Abd , Mohamed Elnbrawy Inas Mohamed Sabry , Ali Hendawy Laila Mahmoud , Mohamed Abd Elhady Amr Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. Epidemiologic studies have shown that the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules is approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-sufficient parts of the world. It is well-known that any thyroid disease is closely related to thyroid hormone levels or the hormone functioning, which could influence the gut microbiomes composition. Lactobacillus is an important genus in the human gut which could improve the concentration of various trace elements in human cells.

Aim of the Work
To assess the relation between gut microbiome Lactobacillus acidophilus and its relation to thyroid nodules and thyroid hormonal profile.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study that was conducted on 90 Egyptian subjects aged 16-60 years old that was divided into 3 groups, Group A that included 30 patients with benign thyroid nodule Group B that included 30 patients with Malignant thyroid nodule and Group C that included 30 healthy subjects as a control group, it was carried out at Endocrine outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. It was conducted from September 2021 till September 2022. Systematic random sampling was performed.

Results
There was a significant increase in cycle threshold at which lactobacillus acidophilus PCR expressed (which indicate lower colony count of lactobacillus acidophilus) in group B (malignant thyroid nodules) than group C (control group) with P &lt; 0.001 and there was a significant increase in cycle threshold at which lactobacillus acidophilus PCR expressed in group A (benign thyroid nodules) than group C (control group) with P value 0.003. Serum Selenium in Group (B) (malignant thyroid nodule) was lower than in Group (C) (healthy control) There was high statistically significant differences between groups (P-Value &lt;0.001*). Serum Selenium in Group (A) (Benign thyroid nodule) was lower than in Group (C) (healthy control) There was high statistically significant differences between groups (P-Value &lt;0.001*). Serum zinc was lower in Group (A) (benign thyroid nodule) than Group (C) (healthy control) There was high statistically significant differences between groups (P-Value &lt;0.001*). Serum zinc was lower in Group (B) (Malignant thyroid nodule) than Group (C) (healthy control). There was high statistically significant differences between groups (P- Value &lt;0.001*).

Conclusion
Stool Lactobacillus acidophilus count was significantly different between studied groups. Being lower in patients with thyroid cancer and patients with benign thyroid nodules than healthy group. This data may reflect the interaction between the gut microbiota lactobacillus acidophilus and the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.