bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundances of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Tetracycline Antibiotics during Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Waste
Authors: Couch Melanie , Agga Getahun E. , Kasumba John , Parekh Rohan R. , Loughrin John H. , Conte Eric D. 
Published: December 2018

The impact of anaerobic digestion of animal waste on the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotics is not widely studied. Two identical, 800‐L digesters seeded with swine slurry were followed up to 100 d in three separate trials. The trials received varying amounts of antibiotic‐free corn (Zea mays L.) mixed with water to maintain the digestion process. Biogas production, seven tetracycline resistance (tet) genes, and three tetracyclines and their transformation products were measured. Biogas production proportionally increased as the feeding loads increased between trials. In Trial 1, log10 tet gene copies showed small but statistically significant (P < 0.01) increases during digestion. In Trial 2, anaerobic digestion did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect except for significant reductions in tetB (P < 0.0001) and tetG (P = 0.0335) log10 gene copies. In Trial 3, which received the highest amount of corn mix, log10 copies of the 16S ribosomal RNA and the tet genes significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced over time during digestion. Up to 36 μg L−1 tetracycline, 112 μg L−1 chlortetracycline, 11.9 mg L−1 isochlortetracycline, and 30 μg L−1 4‐epitetracycline were detected both in the liquid and solid digestates. Results of this study revealed that although anaerobic digestion of swine waste can produce useful biogas, it does not result in complete removal of bacteria, ARGs, and antibiotics regardless of differences in the feeding loads between trials. Further effluent and sludge treatments are required prior to their downstream use in crop production to minimize emergence and environmental dissemination of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria through animal manure.Core Ideas
Anaerobic digestion did not completely remove resistance genes from swine waste.
Tetracycline antibiotics were detected from 30 μg L−1 to 11.9 mg L−1.
Further waste treatments are required to reduce the spread of resistance genes.
Strategy for Microscale Characterization of Soil Mineral‐Organic Associations by Synchrotron‐Radiation‐Based FTIR Technology
Authors: Xiao Jian , Wen Yongli , Yu Guanghui , Dou Sen 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
The spatial arrangements of soil MOAs are highly heterogeneous.
The processes of carbon binding in different soil types are different.
Combination of SR‐FTIR mapping and 2DCOS could in situ characterize the sequences of MOAs.
Direct characterization of spatial distribution and binding environments of soil mineral‐organic associations (MOAs) are imperative for understanding the mechanism of C storage. Here, we propose a new strategy of synchrotron‐radiation‐based Fourier transform‐infrared (SR‐FTIR) technology and two‐dimensional FTIR correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis to simultaneously characterize the MOAs extracted from two types of soil, which one is classiðed as Ferralic Cambisol and another is Typic Hapludoll. This study successfully showed the spatial heterogeneity by SR‐FTIR mapping, which illustrated that the different soil types had different spatial arrangements at the microscale scale. Moreover, the overlapped one‐dimensional (1D) SR‐FTIR spectra and various sequence orders in two types of soil were demonstrated by 2DCOS analysis. The results showed that the intra hydrogen bonds in clay‐OH minerals and Si‐O‐metal bonds were more highly reactive in the Ferralic Cambisol soils than that in the Typic Hapludoll soils, which was critical for understanding the binding processes in soil micro‐environments.
The Heihe Integrated Observatory Network: A Basin‐Scale Land Surface Processes Observatory in China
Authors: Liu Shaomin , Li Xin , Xu Ziwei , Che Tao , Xiao Qing , Ma Mingguo , Liu Qinhuo , Jin Rui , Guo Jianwen , Wang Liangxu , Wang Weizhen , Qi Yuan , Li Hongyi , Xu Tongren , Ran Youhua , Hu Xiaoli , Shi Shengjin , Zhu Zhongli , Tan Junlei , Zhang Yang , Ren Zhiguo 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Heihe was the first basin‐scale integrated observatory network established in China.
An intensive flux observation matrix experiment was conducted.
New techniques, e.g., wireless sensor network, flux matrix, and airborne remote sensing, are used.
The integrated observatory network is useful in land surface processes research.
Research on land surface processes at the catchment scale has drawn much attention over the past few decades, and a number of watershed observatories have been established worldwide. The Heihe River Basin (HRB), which contains the second largest inland river in China, is an ideal natural field experimental area for investigation of land surface processes involving diverse landscapes and the coexistence of cold and arid regions. The Heihe Integrated Observatory Network was established in 2007. For long‐term observations, a hydrometeorological observatory, ecohydrological wireless sensor network, and satellite remote sensing are now in operation. In 2012, a multiscale observation experiment on evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces was conducted in the midstream region of the HRB, which included a flux observation matrix, wireless sensor network, airborne remote sensing, and synchronized ground measurements. Under an open data policy, the datasets have been publicly released following careful data processing and quality control. The outcomes highlight the integrated research on land surface processes in the HRB and include observed trends, scaling methods, high spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing products, and model–data integration in the HRB, all of which are helpful to other endorheic basins in the “Silk Road Economic Belt.” Henceforth, the goal of the Heihe Integrated Observatory Network is to develop an intelligent monitoring system that incorporates ground‐based observatory networks, unmanned aerial vehicles, and multi‐source satellites through the Internet of Things technology. Furthermore, biogeochemical processes observation will be improved, and the study of integrating ground observations, remote sensing, and large‐scale models will be promoted further.
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Seyfried Mark , Lohse Kathleen , Marks Danny , Flerchinger Gerald , Pierson Fred , Holbrook W. Steven 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Long‐term watersheds may provide a coherent description of climate change impacts.
Observatories provide a stable experimental platform for process model development.
Local environmental gradients support high spatial resolution hydrological modeling.
Long‐term hydrologic data support large scale biogeochemical process integration.
Large‐scale, high spatial resolution operational hydrologic modeling is feasible.
The Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) was established in 1960 as an “outdoor hydrological laboratory” to investigate hydrological processes of interest in the interior northwestern part of the United States. Initial emphasis was on installing and testing instrumentation and data collection and dissemination. The initial instrumentation network sampled the climatic gradient within the 239‐km2 watershed and focused on specific subwatersheds for intensive instrumentation. This network has expanded and supported ad hoc research and provides a stable platform for the development of long‐term programs supporting research and model development in snow hydrology, climate change, water and energy balance, land management, carbon cycling, and critical zone hydrology. Recently, the challenge taken up at the RCEW is to integrate different processes over space for applications to larger areas outside the watershed. The presence of steep local environmental gradients associated with topography in addition to more gradual, elevational gradients requires high‐resolution modeling. The snow hydrology program has demonstrated the potential for high‐resolution, process‐based modeling across large landscapes. The direct linkage of biogeochemical processes with hydrological processes ultimately requires a multidisciplinary approach that has been adopted at the RCEW since inclusion in the Critical Zone Observatory program. We think that coupling of these processes will lead to a better understanding and management of natural resources on the landscape.
A coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model for flood simulation
Authors: Liu Zhanyan , Zhang Hongbin , Liang Qiuhua 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a new flood modelling tool developed by coupling a full 2D hydrodynamic model with hydrological models. The coupled model overcomes the main limitations of the individual modelling approaches, i.e. high computational costs associated with the hydrodynamic models and less detailed representation of the underlying physical processes related to the hydrological models. When conducting a simulation using the coupled model, the computational domain (e.g. a catchment) is first divided into hydraulic and hydrological zones. In the hydrological zones that have high ground elevations and relatively homogeneous land cover or topographic features, a conceptual lumped model is applied to obtain runoff/net rainfall, which is then routed by a group of pre-acquired ‘unit hydrographs’ to the zone borders. These translated hydrographs will then be used to drive the full 2D hydrodynamic model to predict flood dynamics at high resolution in the hydraulic zones that are featured with complex topographic settings, including roads, buildings, etc. The new coupled flood model is applied to reproduce a major flood event that occurred in Morpeth, northeast England in September 2008. While producing similar results, the new coupled model is shown to be computationally much more efficient than the full hydrodynamic model.
A Novel Cell-based β-secretase Enzymatic Assay for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: De Araujo Herculano Bruno , Wang Zhe , Song Weihong 
Published: December 2018

Background:Deposition of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) into neuritic plaques is the neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Aβ is generated through the cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Currently, the evaluation of APP cleavage by β-secretase in experimental settings has largely depended on models that do not replicate the physiological conditions of this process.Objective:To establish a novel live cell-based β-secretase enzymatic assay utilizing a novel chimeric protein that incorporates the natural sequence of APP and more closely replicates its cleavage by β-secretase under physiological conditions.Methods:We have developed a chimeric protein construct, ASGβ, incorporating the β-site cleavage sequence of APP targeted by β-secretase and its intracellular trafficking signal into a Phosphatase-eGFP secreted reporter system. Upon cleavage by β-secretase, ASGβ releases a phosphatase-containing portion that can be measured in the culture medium, and an intracellular fraction that can be detected through Western Blot. Subsequently, we have generated a cell line stably expressing ASGβ that can be utilized to assay β-secretase in real time.Results:ASGβ is specifically targeted by β-secretase, being cleaved exclusively at the site responsible for the generation of Aβ. Dosage response to β-secretase inhibitors shows that β-secretase activity can be positively correlated to phosphatase activity in culture media.Conclusion:Our findings suggest this system could be a high-throughput tool to screen compounds that aim to modulate β-secretase activity and Aβ production under physiological conditions, as well as evaluating factors that regulate this cleavage.
Hand Washing Before and After Applying Different Hand Hygiene Techniques in Places of Public Concern in Tripoli-Libya
Authors: Alsagher Mohamed R. , Soudah Sally A. , Khsheba Asma E. , Fadel Sara M. , Dadiesh Masara A. , Houme Maram A. , Eshagroni Aya S. , Alosta Fadia F. , Almsalaty Soad M. 
Published: December 2018

Background:Hand hygiene has being considered as one of the primary measures to improve standards and practice for hospital care and to minimize the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. There is substantial evidence that incidence of hospital acquired infections is reduced by applying hand antisepsis. Regarding hand hygiene and public concern, hand washing has revealed that 85% of the observed adults wash their hands after using public toilets.Objective:To compare the efficacy of hand rubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional hand washing with antiseptic and non-antiseptic soaps in reducing bacterial counts using different hand hygiene techniques.Methods:Ninety-three volunteers took part in this study; 57 from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC); 16 from school; 11 from bank; and 9 from office. All volunteers performed six hand hygiene techniques, immediately before and after a volunteer practice activity: hand washing with non-antiseptic soap for 10 and 30 second (s); hand washing with antiseptic soap for 10, 30 or 60 s; and alcohol-based hand rub. A total of 864 specimens were taken: 432 before and 432 after volunteer's hand hygiene. The fingertips of the dominant hand for each volunteer were pressed on to agar for culture before and after each hand hygiene technique. Plates were incubated at 37oC, and colony-forming units were counted after 48 hours and pathogenic bacteria were identified.Results:Results showed that 617 specimens (71.41%) were positive for bacterial growth. 301 (48.78%) were from TMC, 118 (19.12%) were from office; 107 (14.34%) were from school and 91 (14.75%) were from bank.Conclusion:Both antiseptic and non–antiseptic soaps did not work properly in reducing bacterial counts of worker’s hands at all places of study, but significantly improved by an application of alcohol based gel.
Synthesis, Spectral and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis of Novel Macromolecular Organo-Copper Surfactants
Authors: Joram Anju , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Arun K. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The present paper highlights:
Synthesis of copper surfactants derived from edible oils i.e. Groundnut & Sesame and non-edible oils i.e. Neem & Karanj.

Methods:
Spectral studies (IR, NMR) have been carried out to understand the structural insight of the surfactants synthesized.

Results and Conclusion:
Thermogravimetric analysis of copper surfactants derived from Groundnut, Sesame, Neem & Karanj has been done to confirm the thermal decomposition/stability. Kinetic parameter i.e. activation energy and thermodynamic parameters i.e. Gibbs free energy, entropy and enthalpy were calculated by five different well-known equations namely Freeman Carroll, Coats - Redfern, Horowitz – Metzger, Broido, and Piloyan –Novikova.
Implementasi Supervisi Keuangan Pada MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Muspawi Mohamad 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi nyata implementasi supervisi keuangan pada MAN Insan Cendekia provinsi Jambi. Dimana kebaradaan MAN Insan Cendekia provinsi Jambi merupakan rujukan lembaga pendidikan berbasiskan agama Islam di provinsi Jambi dalam hal kualitas kelembagaannya. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah: 1). Bagaimana implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi?. 2). Apa saja kendala implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, yang mana peneliti menguraikan temuan penelitian secara naratif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang gunakan adalah teknik obervasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Untuk mengecek validitas data maka penulis melakukan ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi, member check, audit trail. Dan untuk menganalisis data maka penulis melakukan penelaahan dan reduksi data, unitisasi data, kategorisasi data, dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi dilaksanakan dalam bentuk: a. Supervisi dengan pemantauan langsung harian. b. Supervisi berdasarkan penilaian laporan bulanan. c. Supervisi melalui pelatihan internal. 2. Kendala implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi sebagai berikut: a. Tingginya kesibukan kepala Madrasah. b. Staf keuangan ada yang sakit ketika disupervisi.
Percepção de idosos sobre a restrição da participação relacionada à perda auditiva
Authors: Camargo Camille , Lacerda Adriana Bender Moreira , Sampaio Jussara , Lüders Débora , Massi Giselle , Marques Jair Mendes 
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Dentre as alterações fisiológicas do processo de envelhecimento humano, a perda auditiva relacionada à idade é uma das mais frequentes e incapacitantes, pois diminui o contato social do idoso, podendo afetar suas condições de saúde. Objetivo: Verificar a percepção de idosos sobre a restrição da participação relacionada à perda auditiva. Método: Estudo transversal e quantitativo com idosos maiores de 60 anos que têm perda auditiva, usuários ou não de aparelho de amplificação sonora. Analisou-se a audiometria tonal convencional e aplicou-se o questionário Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. Resultado: A amostra foi composta por 46 indivíduos, sendo 43,48% (n=20) do sexo feminino e 56,52% (n=26) do sexo masculino. A idade média foi 74,78 anos, com desvio padrão de 7,96 anos. A perda auditiva de maior ocorrência, em 73,91% (n=34) da amostra, foi do tipo neurossensorial bilateral e de configuração descendente, sendo que 50% (n=23) não usava aparelho de amplificação sonora individual, 45,65% (n=21) afirmou usá-lo e 4,35 (n=2) não respondeu essa questão. Quanto à participação, 82,6% dos idosos relatou restrições para participar de atividades sociais, sendo 50% da amostra (n=23) com percepção significativa. No geral, tal restrição foi maior no gênero masculino, na perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau moderado e configuração descendente, com idade até 79 anos e que não utilizavam o referido aparelho. Conclusão: Os idosos com perda auditiva apresentaram percepção significativa da restrição da participação, principalmente os que não utilizam aparelho de amplificação sonora individual, impactando negativamente sua qualidade de vida.
BATIK MADURA: Menilik Ciri Khas dan Makna Filosofinya
Authors: Suminto R.A Sekartaji 
Published: December 2018

Batik is the cultural heritage of the archipelago that is priceless. Each area in Indonesia has batiktradition, especially in Java and surrounding areas. Batik has been known since centuries ago.Batik type is classified into two major parts, namely inland and coastal batik. Batik Madura isone type of coastal batik has its own beauty, but still not so well known by the public at large.Every region in Madura has a typical batik yield of each, which can be seen from the patterns,motifs and colors. Batik Bangkalan, especially batik gentongan, Tanjung Bumi, it had its owncharacteristics, namely of how to make it. Gentongan batik dyeing technique requires a specialway, which is by doing the barrel stone in a period of 1 month to 1 year. This is the way toproduce batik with excellent quality. Gentongan batik color will not fade, even the longer will bemore beautiful. Batik Madura is still less popular than Batik Pekalongan, Cirebon or Lasem, butthe beauty of Madura batik, especially batik gentongan Tanjung Bumi remained in line with theprogress of time, even becoming increasingly popular over time. Keywords: Batik Madura, characteristic, gentongan, Tanjung Bumi Batik adalah warisan budaya Nusantara yang tak ternilai harganya. Setiap daerah di Indonesiamemilik tradisi membatik, khususnya di Pulau Jawa dan sekitarnya. Batik sudah dikenal sejakberabad-abad yang lalu. Jenis batik digolongkan menjadi dua bagian besar, yaitu batikpedalaman dan batik pesisir. Batik Madura adalah salah satu jenis batik pesisir yang memilikikeindahan tersendiri, namun masih belum begitu dikenal oleh masyarakat secara luas. Setiapwilayah di Madura yang menghasilkan batik memiliki ciri khas masing-masing, yang bisa dilihatdari corak, motif dan warnanya. Batik Bangkalan, khususnya batik gentonganTanjung Bumi,memilik ciri khas tersendiri, yaitu dari cara pembuatannya. Teknik pewarnaan batik gentonganmemerlukan cara khusus, yaitu dengan melakukan perendaman dalam gentong batu dalamjangka waktu 1 bulan hingga 1 tahun. Hal ini untuk menghasilkan batik dengan kualitas prima.Warna batik gentongan tidak akan memudar, bahkan makin lama akan makin indah. BatikMadura memang masih kurang populer dibandingkan dengan batik Pekalongan, Cirebon atauLasem, namun keindahan batik Madura, terutama batik gentongan Tanjung Bumi tetapbertahan seiring dengan kemajuan jaman, bahkan menjadi semakin terkenal dari waktu kewaktu.Kata kunci : Batik Madura, ciri khas, gentongan, Tanjung Bumi
Metode Sintetik dengan Token Economy Guna Meningkatkan Kemampuan Speechreading Anak Tunagrahita Dengan Gangguan Pendengaran
Authors: Trianisa Nirtafitri , Rifameutia Tjut , Septiana Eva 
Published: December 2018

Salah satu kemampuan yang perlu dikembangkan pada anak tuna ganda yang masih dapat memanfaatkan sisa pendengarannya untuk berkomunikasi adalah speechreading, yaitu kemampuan untuk memahami lawan bicara dengan melihat gerak bibir, ekspresi wajah serta gestur tubuh lawan bicaranya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah penggunaan pendekatan sintetik bahasa disertai dengan token economy dapat meningkatkan kemampuan speechreading pada subjek D yang merupakan siswa tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran. Setiap kali menunjuk dengan tepat pada langkah kelima dan pengujian, subjek diberikan token yang nantinya akan ditukarkan dengan reinforcer. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap seorang anak tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki berusia 12 tahun yang duduk di kelas 4 SD inklusi. Desain penelitian single subject tipe A-B-Aâ€™. Peningkatan kemampuan speechreading dilihat dari perbandingan antara hasil tes kemampuan speechreading sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode sintetik dengan token economy dapat meningkatkan kemampuan speechreading pada subjek D yang merupakan siswa tuna grahita dengan gangguan pendengaran. Subjek mampu menunjuk kartu dengan tepat sebanyak 100% dari 5 kata yang diujikan pada sesi 1 dan sebanyak 80% dari 5 kata yang diujikan pada sesi 2.Â Kata kunci:Â Disabilitas, speechreading, metode sintetik, token ekonomi
Land Matters and Rural Development: 2017 (2)
Authors: Pienaar Juanita M , Du Plessis Willemien , Johnson Ebrezia , Olivier Nic 
Published: December 2018

In this note land the most important measures and court decisions pertaining to restitution, land redistribution, land reform, unlawful occupation, housing, land use planning, deeds, surveying, rural development and agriculture are discussed for the periodÂ 31 March 2017 to 30 November 2017.