bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Function Skills in School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Language Abilities
Authors: Ellis Weismer Susan , Kaushanskaya Margarita , Larson Caroline , Mathée Janine , Bolt Daniel 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis article reviews research on executive function (EF) skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the relation between EF and language abilities. The current study assessed EF using nonverbal tasks of inhibition, shifting, and updating of working memory (WM) in school-age children with ASD. It also evaluated the association between children's receptive and expressive language abilities and EF performance.MethodIn this study, we sought to address variables that have contributed to inconsistencies in this area of research—including task issues, group comparisons, and participant heterogeneity. EF abilities in children with ASD (n= 48) were compared to typically developing controls (n= 71) matched on age, as well as when statistically controlling for group differences in nonverbal cognition, socioeconomic status, and social communication abilities. Six nonverbal EF tasks were administered—2 each to evaluate inhibition, shifting, and WM. Language abilities were assessed via a standardized language measure. Language–EF associations were examined for the ASD group as a whole and subdivided by language status.ResultsChildren with ASD exhibited significant deficits in all components of EF compared to age-mates and showed particular difficulty with shifting after accounting for group differences in nonverbal cognition. Controlling for social communication—a core deficit in ASD—eliminated group differences in EF performance. A modest association was observed between language (especially comprehension) and EF skills, with some evidence of different patterns between children on the autism spectrum with and without language impairment.ConclusionsThere is a need for future research to examine the direction of influence between EF and language. It would be beneficial for EF interventions with children with ASD to consider language outcomes and, conversely, to examine whether specific language training facilitates aspects of executive control in children on the autism spectrum.Presentation Videohttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7298144
Update – Lithium in der Phasenprophylaxe Bipolarer Störungen
Authors: Petzold Johannes , Bauer Michael , Severus Emanuel 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungLithium ist der Goldstandard in der Phasenprophylaxe Bipolarer Störungen und das einzige Medikament für das es eine überzeugende suizidpräventive Wirkung bei affektiven Erkrankungen gibt. Unter Berücksichtigung eines regelmäßigen Monitorings ist Lithium eine zumeist gut verträgliche und sichere Phasenprophylaxe, die nach sorgfältiger Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung auch eine off-label Therapieoption in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit darstellt. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise, dass Lithium neuroprotektiv wirken mag und möglicherweise das Risiko für eine Alzheimer-Demenz und Schlaganfälle senken kann. Perspektivisch könnten Biomarker zur Verfügung stehen, mit denen man das Ansprechen auf Lithium voraussagen kann und damit personalisiertere Therapien entwickeln könnte.
Back Pain in Rowers: A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence, Pain Characteristics and Risk Factors
Authors: Trompeter Katharina , Fett Daniela , Platen Petra 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives To establish the prevalence of back pain in rowers at different competition levels and rowing typologies compared with a non-rowing control group; to determine different time periods, the location on the spine, and different pain characteristics. Additionally to evaluated different risk factors that might be responsible for back pain.
Methods A standardized and validated online back pain questionnaire was sent to elite and non-elite rowers of different rowing typologies, and a physically active non-rowing control group.
Results Responses from 156 rowers (104 elite and 52 non-elite/ 49 scull and 76 sweep rowers) and 166 controls were received. Back pain prevalence and severity was significantly higher among rowers compared with controls, and among scull compared with sweep rowers. The lower back was the main location of back pain in rowers of all competition levels and typologies, and in controls. Age, sex, and training volume influenced the prevalence of back pain. Rowing kinematics, strength, and ergometer training were the main associated risk factors for back pain in rowers.
Conclusions Back pain in different spinal locations is a common complaint in rowers of different typologies and competition levels. Rowing kinematics, strength, and ergometer training are the main associated risk factors for developing back pain in rowers. Thus, the spinal load due to rowing kinematics and different types of training should be investigated in future studies. Additionally, training should be monitored by experienced coaches to prevent back pain due to technical mistakes or too-heavy loads.
Endoscopic suturing as a less invasive approach for the treatment of anastomotic leakage after esophagogastrostomy – a case report
Authors: Schlosser Tobias , Feisthammel Juergen , Gockel Ines , Mössner Joachim , Hoffmeister Albrecht 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnastomotic leakage is a frequent complication after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endoluminal therapy offers numerous advantages compared to surgical revision. We present the case of a 74-year-old female patient with anastomotic leakage after esophagogastrostomy. The defect was closed using the OverStitch endoscopic suturing system with immediate technical and clinical success. Hereby, an example of the feasibility of this novel technique in a case of anastomotic leakage is presented and provides an outlook for the rising importance of endoscopic therapy.
Dekontextualisierung: Stationäre Suchttherapie in Südafrika für niederländische Patienten
Authors: van Hoof Jacques , Young Susanne , Joos Ruben , Sennef Cor , Nabitz Udo , Dekker Jack 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Niederländische Gesundheitssystem unterscheidet sich fundamental von der Deutschen Gesundheitsversorgung durch eine regulierte Marktwirtschaft und eine integrierte Suchthilfe. In diesem Rahmen wurden Innovationen gefördert, wie z. B. eine stationäre Suchttherapie in Südafrika. Die neuen Behandlungsformen müssen jedoch einen Effizienznachweis erbringen.Das Ziel der vorliegenden explorativen Kohortenstudie ist die Dokumentation der Behandlungseffekte einer Suchtfachklinik in Südafrika, in der niederländische Patienten nach dem Prinzip der ‚Dekontextualisierung‘ behandelt werden. Die 152 Patienten hatten entsprechend der DSM IV Klassifikation die Diagnose Alkohol-, Kokain-, Cannabisabhängigkeit oder eine Verhaltenssucht. Nach dem Intake-Gespräch in den Niederlanden folgte eine 6- bis 8-wöchige intensive stationäre Behandlung in Südafrika und eine Nachsorge in den Niederlanden.Die katamnestische Erhebung wurde mittels eines telefonischen Interviews 12 Monate nach dem Intake-Gespräch durchgeführt. Es wurden 79 Patienten erreicht, von denen 66% abstinent waren. Im Rückblick beurteilten die Patienten drei Therapiekomponenten als die wirksamsten: die ‚Dekontextualisierung‘, d. h. aus der eigenen vertrauten Umgebung entfernt zu sein, die individuelle Psychotherapie und den Kontakt mit anderen Patienten. Diese Resultate sind ein erster Schritt des Effizienznachweises und ein Anstoß, das Konzept der ‚Dekontextualisierung‘ im Rahmen der Suchttherapie weiter zu klären.
Risikofaktoren für hypertensive und zerebrale Amyloidangiopathie-assoziierte intracerebrale Blutungen: ein retrospektiver Vergleich
Authors: Matz Oliver , Arndt Andre , Litmathe Jens , Dafotakis Manuel , Block Frank 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war der Vergleich möglicher Risikofaktoren für die beiden häufigsten Formen der spontanen intracerebralen Blutung (ICB): der hypertensiven ICB und der mit einer zerebralen Amyloidangiopathie (ZAA) assoziierten ICB.
Methoden Retrospektiv wurden verschiedene Parameter und Faktoren bei Patienten mit einer hypertensiven ICB (n = 141) und Patienten mit einer ZAAassoziierten ICB (n = 95) verglichen. Dazu zählten Alter, INR-Wert und Blutdruck bei Aufnahme, kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren sowie die Vormedikation. Als Testverfahren wurden der Chi-Quadrat-Test mit der Yates‘ Kontinuitätskorrektur sowie der t-Test verwendet.
Ergebnisse Patienten der Gruppe mit ZAA-assoziierter ICB waren signifikant älter als Patienten mit einer hypertensiven ICB (p = 0,001). Zudem bestanden bei den ZAA-Patienten signifikant häufiger eine ASS-Vormedikation (p = 0,042) sowie ein vorausgegangener Schlaganfall (p = 0,048). Patienten beider Gruppen hatten zu einem großen Anteil einen arteriellen Hypertonus als Vordiagnose in der Vorgeschichte, wobei dies bei Patienten mit einer hypertensiven ICB signifikant häufiger vorlag (p < 0,001). Patienten mit einer hypertensiven ICB hatten außerdem signifikant höhere systolische und diastolische Blutdruckwerte (p < 0,001) sowie höhere INR-Werte (p = 0,005) bei Aufnahme. In einer Subgruppenanalyse mit Ausschluss aller antikoagulierter Patienten (ZAA-Gruppe: n = 78, hypertensive ICB-Gruppe: n = 99) ergaben sich ähnliche Ergebnisse. Bezüglich eines vorausgegangenen Schlaganfalls ergab sich hierbei jedoch kein signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,037), dagegen bestand ein signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich einer Vormedikation mit einem Statin (p = 0,032).
Schlussfolgerung Der arterielle Hypertonus ist bei beiden Blutungsformen ein relevanter Risikofaktor und sollte daher zur Blutungsprophylaxe adäquat behandelt werden. Zur genaueren Einordung weiterer Risikofaktoren sind Studien mit größeren Fallzahlen notwendig.
Differences in Ankle ROM Between Young Men and Women With a History of Ankle Sprain
Authors: Kim Jung-Hyun , Sung Eun-Sook 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background Ankle injuries are the most common injuries in sports. However, very little is known about sex differences in ankle range of motion (ROM) between ankle joints with an episode of ankle sprain (ASE) and those without an episode of ankle sprain (non-ASE). This study aimed to investigate the differences of ankle ROM between men and women with and without ASE.
Methods 26 ASE had at least one episode of ankle injury in the last 6 to 12 months. 35 non-ASE served as a control group. All subjects were examined in supine position and the ankle ROM was calculated by the sum of inversion (IV), eversion (EV), plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) in both ankles.
Results Subjects with ASE had a significantly smaller ROM regarding EV than non-ASE subjects in both ankles. The male subjects with ASE had a significantly higher EV and IV compared with the female subjects. However, ROM in PF was significantly lower among men compared with women who had ASE.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that the ROM after ASE affects PF in male and EV in female patients. This could point to sex-based prevention and rehabilitation after ankle injury.
Factores Pronósticos de Recurrencia y Mortalidad en los Pacientes con Tumor de Urotelio Superior Tratados con Cirugía
Authors: Aragón Chamizo Juan , Herranz Amo Felipe , González Enguita Carmen , Hernández Fernández Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Objetivo Identificar factores pronósticos de recurrencia y mortalidad cáncer-específica en pacientes con tumor de urotelio superior tratados con cirugía.
Material y Métodos Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con tumor de urotelio superior operados entre 1999 y 2011 (139 pacientes). Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas, diagnósticas y patológicas así como el tratamiento, las complicaciones y la evolución. Análisis descriptivo mediante la prueba de la Chi cuadrado para variables categóricas y el test ANOVA para variables continuas. Análisis univariante y multivariante mediante modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Significación estadística si p < 0,05. Cálculos realizados con SPSS statistics v-21.
Resultados En el análisis multivariante se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de recurrencia: crecimiento sólido tumoral (HR = 4,02; p < 0,001) y alto grado citológico (G3) (HR = 3,42; p = 0,01). La presencia de tumor vesical previo o concomitante (HR = 1,84; p = 0,07) presentó una tendencia a la significación. Se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de mortalidad cáncer-específica: presencia de tumor vesical previo o concomitante (HR = 2,23; p = 0,02), crecimiento sólido tumoral (HR = 2,73; p = 0,008), presencia de hidronefrosis (HR = 2,46; p = 0,02) y estadio patológico avanzado pT3-pT4 (HR = 2,74; p = 0,01).
Conclusión En nuestra serie, la existencia de tumor vesical previo o sincrónico, el crecimiento tumoral sólido y el alto grado citológico se comportaron como factores pronósticos de recurrencia. La hidronefrosis, el tumor vesical previo o sincrónico, el estadio pT3–4 y el crecimiento tumoral sólido, se comportaron como factores pronósticos de mortalidad cáncer-específica.
Recurrent Cholangiocarcinoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Francis Antonia , Chang Michelle , Dolin Cara , Chervenak Judith , Cardonick Elyce 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatobiliary malignancies during pregnancy are extremely rare and portend a poor prognosis. There are only seven published cases of cholangiocarcinoma in an obstetrical patient, all are cases of primary cholangiocarcinoma (1–7). Herein, we describe the first case of recurrent cholangiocarcinoma during pregnancy. The patient did not receive chemotherapy during pregnancy and required prolonged hospitalizations for nutritional and intensive medical support. She delivered preterm, at 30 2/7 weeks gestation, after developing pre-eclampsia with severe features. The infant was healthy, with no malformations, and currently exhibits no neurological or behavioral sequelae at 8months of age. We discuss themanagement considerations inherent to this complex clinical scenario including metastatic disease severity, ethical considerations, and palliative care treatment options.
Proline 36 of the Factor XIII Activation Peptide Plays a Crucial Role in Substrate Recognition and Zymogen Activation
Authors: Li Bojun , Billur Ramya , Maurer Muriel , Kohler Hans , Raddatz Müller Pascale , Alberio Lorenzo , Schroeder Verena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe activation peptide of blood coagulation factor XIII (AP-FXIII) has important functions in stabilizing the FXIII-A2 dimer and regulating FXIII activation. Contributions of many of its 37 amino acids to these functions have been described. However, the role of proline 36, which is adjacent to the thrombin cleavage site at Arg37, has not yet been studied in detail. We approached this question when we came across a patient with congenital FXIII deficiency in whom we detected a novel Pro36Ser mutation. We expressed the mutant FXIII-A Pro36Ser protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells and found that this mutation does not influence FXIII-A expression but significantly inhibits proteolytic activation by thrombin. The enzymatic transglutaminase activity is not affected as it can be induced in the presence of high Ca2+ concentrations. We performed nuclear magnetic resonance analysis to investigate AP-FXIII–thrombin interactions, which showed that the mutant Ser36 peptide binds less well to the thrombin surface than the native Pro36 peptide. The Arg37 at the P1 position still makes strong interactions with the active site cleft but the P4–P2 residues (34VVS36) appear to be less well positioned to contact the neighbouring thrombin active site region. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel mutation in AP-FXIII representing only the fourth case of the rare FXIII-A type II deficiency. This case served as a perfect in vivo model to shed light on the crucial role of Pro36 in the proteolytic activation of FXIII-A. Our results contribute to the understanding of structure–function relationship in FXIII.
Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis is Associated with an Increased Risk of Death: Insights from the APEX Trial
Authors: Kalayci Arzu , Gibson C. , Chi Gerald , Yee Megan , Korjian Serge , Datta Sudarshana , Nafee Tarek , Gurin Mike , Haroian Noah , Qamar Iqra , Hull Russell , Hernandez Adrian , Cohen Alexander , Harrington Robert , Goldhaber Samuel 
Published: November 2018

Aim Asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed with compression ultrasound (CUS) is a common endpoint in trials assessing the efficacy of anticoagulants to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the relationship of asymptomatic thrombus to mortality remains uncertain.
Methods In the APEX trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01583218), 7,513 acutely ill hospitalized medical patients were randomly assigned to extended-duration betrixaban (35–42 days) or enoxaparin (10 ± 4 days). Asymptomatic DVT was assessed once with CUS between day 32 and 47, and mortality was assessed through 77 days.
Results A total of 309 asymptomatic DVTs were detected through CUS. Of these, 133 (4.27%) subjects were in the betrixaban group, and 176 (5.55%) subjects were in the enoxaparin group (relative risk = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62–0.97, p = 0.025, number needed to treat = 79). With respect to all-cause mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, non-cardiovascular diseases and unknown causes, the number of the deaths was 5 (1.67%), 4 (1.34%) and 1 (0.33%) in the asymptomatic DVT group and 25 (0.42%), 33 (0.56%) and 11 (0.19%) in the no DVT group, respectively. Subjects with an asymptomatic DVT had an almost threefold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality compared with subjects without DVT (hazard ratio = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.48–5.57, p = 0.001). A positive linear trend was observed between greater thrombus burden and mortality during the follow-up (p = 0.019).
Conclusion Asymptomatic DVT was associated with approximately threefold increased risk of short-term all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with an acute medical illness within the prior 77 days. A positive linear trend was observed between greater thrombus burden and mortality during the follow-up.
Predietary Counseling in Ketogenic Diet: The 5R Model
Authors: Rosha Rahul , Singla Rajiv , Kalra Bharti 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA major determinant of success while following a ketogenic diet is the counseling that precedes and accompanies the dietary advice. Effective predietary counseling lays a strong foundation upon which successful outcomes can be built. Predietary counseling, an art as well as a science, is best understood through a bio-psychosocial viewpoint. This brief communication shares an alliteratively named model, the 5R rubric. Rapport, realistic realization, reliability, readiness to change, and relationship must be explored and improved during the process of counseling. These five R's remind one to practice continuous, holistic counseling, without forgetting any of the factors that may impact outcomes. Pre-ketodietary counseling is a theranostic intervention, as it helps in both assessment (diagnosis) and improving outcomes (therapeutics).
Dietary Management of Diabetes: Focus on Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Singla Rajiv , Rosha Rahul , Kalra Sanjay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn an era of ever-increasing burden of obesity and diabetes, an out-of-the-box thinking is required to challenge the status quo. With dismal results of current nutritional and therapeutic armamentarium, ketogenic diet can provide this opportunity. Ketogenic diet has profound pathophysiological as well as evolutionary basis for it to be used as a tool in diabetes management. Despite progressively accumulating evidence for clinical efficacy and safety, widespread adoption of ketogenic diet remains low due to lack of expertise and standard guidelines.
The Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus
Authors: Tomatis Marco Stefano 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter aims to explain the corpus design of the Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus and the steps required to build all the different monolingual corpora the project needed to accomplish its research objectives. The first two paragraphs after the general introduction will point out the differences and the overlaps that characterize all the corpora that the author of this paper was in charge of producing as a member of the UNINT research team and that were used in the Eurolect Observatory Project for text mining. After accurately defining the data collection and corpus building strategies adopted, this paper will describe the corpus search tool that was developed in order to help scholars look for and save samples of text from the whole corpus in a convenient and easy way.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Mikhailov Mikhail , Piehl Aino 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Finnish is a non-Indo-European language with strong purist traditions. The comparison of the language of EU directives with that of the measures of national implementation has shown that the influence of English-language versions of EU directives on Finnish-language ones is limited. Only some rare lexical borrowings and indirect influence of the structure and style of English on the Finnish-language versions were found. Many of the features of the legal language appear alike in the directives and national legislation. Still, the writers of the directives and the writers of Finnish legislation often make different choices. The root of these differences is probably interference from the English-language versions. The claim that a Finnish Eurolect does exist still has merit.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Proia Fabio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Germany is one of the founding Member States of the European Economic Community; consequently German has had the status of an official language since the very beginning of the European integration process back in 1957. It is therefore reasonable to raise the question of whether the huge flow of EU legislation produced in German over the last decades has resulted in the creation of a new variety of German, other than the one used by legislative drafters working for the institutions of the Federal Republic. Through a corpus-driven contrastive analysis, this chapter aims to identify a set of linguistic features that can allow for a distinction between the two varieties.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Portelli Sergio , Caruana Sandro 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although Maltese is genetically a Semitic language, several technical terms, including those used within EU institutions, are integrated or non-integrated loanwords of Italian or English origin. Contact is also evident in the morphology of Maltese, and concatenative structures are productive through analogical processes, often based on Italian affixes. The description of the Maltese language version of EU documentation, as well as corpus-based considerations of the language variety used in EU directives (corpus A) and legal notices (corpus B), provides insights into this variety that relies heavily on Romance words, although others of Arabic origin are registered widely too. Loanwords from English are also present, albeit in limited numbers. Overall, no major differences emerge between the two corpora, and one cannot conclude that Maltese Eurolect constitutes a variety in its own right.