bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of hip osteoarthritis diagnosis recording in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Ferguson Rory J. , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Walker Christine , Yu Dahai , Valderas Jose M. , Judge Andrew , Griffiths John , Jordan Kelvin P. , Peat George , Glyn‐Jones Sion , Silman Alan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThe diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis is subject to several uncertainties, especially in primary care. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the diagnostic accuracy of coding of hip osteoarthritis by primary care physicians in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), (ii) the relative influence of radiographic and clinical parameters on diagnostic accuracy, and (iii) the accuracy of the diagnosis date.MethodsAn extract of all patients aged over 65 years, with a Read code for hip osteoarthritis listed between January 1995 and December 2014, was obtained from CPRD. A random sample was selected of 170 participants. A questionnaire concerning data in medical records on relevant clinical and radiographic criteria used to establish the diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis was distributed to primary care physicians of participants. Using diagnostic criteria, we formulated thresholds for diagnosis based on clinical, radiographic, and combined grounds.ResultsOne hundred nineteen completed questionnaires were returned (70% response rate). The positive predictive value (PPV) of hip osteoarthritis codes, based on radiological criteria, was 79.8%. The PPV, based on clinical criteria, was 79.0%, with substantial but not complete overlap. Overall 12% of diagnoses were not confirmed. In 42% of cases, there was disparity between date of diagnosis in CPRD and the medical record. Median difference in date was ±425 days (interquartile range, 18‐1448 days).ConclusionsDespite the difficulties in reaching a diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis in primary care, CPRD Read codes have a sufficiently high PPV for most research uses. However, the accuracy of diagnosis date may not be as reliable.
Impact of initiatives to reduce prescription opioid risks on medically attended injuries in people using chronic opioid therapy
Authors: Dublin Sascha , Walker Rod L. , Shortreed Susan M. , Ludman Evette J. , Sherman Karen J. , Hansen Ryan N. , Thakral Manu , Saunders Kathleen , Parchman Michael L. , Von Korff Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to determine whether initiatives to improve the safety of opioid prescribing decreased injuries in people using chronic opioid therapy (COT).MethodsWe conducted an interrupted time series analysis using data from Group Health (GH), an integrated health care delivery system in the United States. In 2007, GH implemented initiatives which substantially reduced daily opioid dose and increased patient monitoring. Among GH members age 18 or older receiving COT between 2006 and 2014, we compared injury rates for patients in GH's integrated group practice (IGP; exposed to the initiatives) vs patients cared for by contracted providers (not exposed). Injuries were identified using a validated algorithm. We calculated injury incidence during the baseline (preintervention) period from 2006 to 2007; the dose reduction period, 2008 to 2010; and the risk stratification and monitoring period, 2010 to 2014. Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated adjusted relative risks (RRs) representing the relative change per year in injury rates.ResultsAmong 21 853 people receiving COT in the IGP and 8260 in contracted care, there were 2679 injuries during follow‐up. The baseline injury rate was 1.0% per calendar quarter in the IGP and 0.9% in contracted care. Risk reduction initiatives did not decrease injury rates: Within the IGP, the RR in the dose reduction period was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.95‐1.07) and in the risk stratification and monitoring period, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95‐1.04). Injury trends did not differ between the two care settings.ConclusionsRisk reduction initiatives did not decrease injuries in people using COT.
Sida tuberculata extract reduces the nociceptive response by chemical noxious stimuli in mice: Implications for mechanism of action, relation to chemical composition and molecular docking
Authors: da Rosa Hemerson S. , Coelho Igor S. , da Silva Morgana Duarte , Fernandes Mariana S. , Bertelli Pablo Ricardo , Minetto Luciane , Moura Sidnei , de Paula Fávero , Santos Adair R. , Mendez Andreas S. L. , Folmer Vanderlei 
Published: October 2018

Sida tuberculata R.E.Fr. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant widely found in Southern Brazil, and popularly used for inflammatory disorders and to pain relief. A phytochemical analysis followed by an investigation about antinociceptive potential and mechanism of action were performed with leaves and roots extracts. Methanolic extracts, designated as S. tuberculata leaves extract (STLE) and S. tuberculata roots extract, were analyzed both by UHPLC–MS. The in vivo antinociceptive potential of STLE (10–300 mg kg−1) was assessed in mice subjected to the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhes and formalin model. Agonist/antagonist tests and computational docking suggest the involvement of opioid and adenosinergic systems. The main chemical class detected on extracts was the ecdysteroids, and 20‐hydoxyecdysone (20HE) was confirmed as the major phytoconstituent. The pretreatment with STLE (100 mg kg−1) reduced more than 70% abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid model and produced significant inhibition on formalin‐induced licking response. The mechanism of action study revealed STLE might act through opioid and adenosine systems. Molecular docking suggested kaempferol derivative and 20HE might interacting with μ‐opioid receptor. Thus, the results suggest the existence of antinociceptive potential from S. tuberculata extracts being in accordance to the traditional use.
A Mild and Efficient One‐Pot Preparation of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles from Nitriles and Carboxylic Acids Using Vilsmeier Reagent
Authors: Zarei Maaroof 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles has been achieved from the corresponding amidoximes and carboxylic acids or from nitriles, hydroxylamine and carboxylic acids, employing the OH activation property of the Vilsmeier reagent. The precursor O‐acylamidoxime could be derived in situ which underwent an intramolecular cyclization in the presence of Vilsmeier reagent to afford 1,2,4‐oxadiazole. The products were simply obtained in good to excellent yields under mild condition and compatible with a range of functional groups. Utilization of easy workup and purification of products make it very interesting.
Efficient Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Primary Alcohols and Ketones over Mg2+‐Modified NiGa Hydrotalcites
Authors: Zhai Shaoyan , Zhou Weiyou , Dai Xuan , Yang Song , Qian Junfeng , Sun Fu'an , He Mingyang , Chen Qun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA series of Mg2+ modified NiGa hydrotalcites have been prepared and systematically characterized, and investigated in the aerobic oxidation/ aldol condensation tandem reactions between alcohols and ketones. The results indicated that Mg2+ in the structure could effectively enhance the surface basicity of the NiGa hydrotalcites, and significantly accelerate the aerobic oxidation/ condensation tandem reactions between aromatic alcohols and ketones. Effects of reaction conditions have been discussed, and the catalytic system exhibited good tolerance for various substrates. A series of controlled experiments proved bifunctional roles of the NiMgGa hydrotalcites in the tandem reaction.
Novel Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Addition of Aryl Bromides to Aldehydes as Key to the Synthesis of 3,3‐Dimethylchroman‐4‐ones and 3,3‐Dimethylchroman‐4‐ols
Authors: Viana Hugo , Marques Carolina S. , Correia Camille A. , Gilmore Kerry , Galvão Luís , Vieira Letícia , Seeberger Peter H. , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany benzofused cyclic chiral alcohols are biologically active and a variety of synthetic methods has been developed to access these structures. Palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic addition reactions of aryl boron and aryl halide compounds to carbonyls are useful, but control over the cyclization to give a single product has to‐date proven challenging. Here, we describe the first controlled intramolecular nucleophilic addition of aryl bromides to aldehydes, providing the corresponding cycloalkanol or cyclic ketone derivatives simply by changing the base or the ligand. Ten new 3,3‐dimethylchroman‐4‐ol derivatives and six new 3,3‐dimethylchroman‐4‐ones were prepared (with up to 91% conversion and 46% ee).
Optofluidic Modular Blocks for On‐Demand and Open‐Source Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Lee Yujin , Kim Byeongyeon , Oh Insung , Choi Sungyoung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRapid prototyping of microfluidic devices has advanced greatly, along with the development of 3D printing and micromachining technologies. However, peripheral systems for microfluidics still rely on conventional equipment, such as bench‐top microscopy and syringe pumps, which limit system modification and further improvements. Herein, optofluidic modular blocks are presented as discrete elements to modularize peripheral optical and fluidic systems and are used for on‐demand and open‐source prototyping of whole microfluidic systems. Each modular block is fabricated by embedding optical or fluidic devices into the corresponding 3D‐printed housing. The self‐interlocking structure of the modular blocks enables easy assembly and reconfiguration of the blocks in an intuitive manner, while also providing precise optical and fluidic alignment between the blocks. With the library of standardized modular blocks developed here, how the blocks can be easily assembled to build whole microfluidic systems for blood compatibility testing, droplet microfluidics, and cell migration assays is demonstrated. Based on the simplicity of assembling the optofluidic blocks, the prototyping platform can be easily used for open‐source sharing of digital design files, assembly and operation instructions, and block specifications, thereby making it easy for nonexperts to implement microfluidic ideas as physical systems.
A Nonpresodiate Sodium‐Ion Capacitor with High Performance
Authors: Li Shaohui , Chen Jingwei , Gong Xuefei , Wang Jiangxin , Lee Pooi See 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have received intensive attention due to their high energy density, high power density, long cycle life, and low cost of sodium. However, the lack of high‐performance anode materials and the tedious presodiation process hinders the practical applications of SICs. A simple and effective strategy is reported to fabricate a high‐performance SIC using Fe1−xS as the anode material and an ether‐based electrolyte. The Fe1−xS electrode is found to undergo a reversible intercalation reaction after the first cycle, resulting in fast kinetics and excellent reversibility. The Fe1−xS electrode delivers a high capacity of 340 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, 179 mAh g−1 at high current of 5 A g−1 and an ultralong cycling performance with 95% capacity retention after 7000 cycles. Coupled with a carbon‐based cathode, a high‐performance SIC without the presodiation process is successfully fabricated. The hybrid device demonstrates an excellent energy density of 88 Wh kg−1 and superior power density of 11 500 W kg−1, as well as an ultralong lifetime of 9000 cycles with over 93% capacity retention. An innovative and efficient way to fabricate SICs with both high energy and power density utilizing ether‐based electrolytes can be realized to eliminate the presodiation process.
Evaluating the environmental impacts of recycling wind turbines
Authors: Jensen Jonas Pagh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWind power is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. The wind turbines have an expected design lifetime in the range of 20 to 25 years after which decommissioning is expected. The trend in the wind turbine industry is that the turbines increase in size—especially when considering offshore wind turbines in the 7 to 8 MW size range. Life cycle assessments show that the materials used for manufacturing the turbines accounts for 70 to 80% of the environmental impact, so ensuring optimal recycling at the end‐of‐service‐life is of economic and environmental interest and in line with the principles of transitioning towards a circular economy. The decommissioning and recycling process is analysed in this paper, with special considerations given to the environmental aspects of a theoretical 100% recyclability scenario. This includes cradle‐to‐gate life‐cycle inventory analysis of the materials, embedded energy, and CO2‐equivalent emissions. The findings show that established recycling methods are present for most of the materials and that recycling of a 60 MW wind park at end‐of‐service‐life provides environmental benefits as well as lowering the natural resource use and securing resources for use in the future. The saved energy is estimated to approximately 81 TJ. The reduction in emissions related to the recycling of wind turbine material totals approximately 7351 ton CO2.
Developing the Oxidation Kinetic Model for Magnetite Pellet
Authors: Sandeep Kumar T. K. , Viswanathan N. N. , Ahmed H. , Dahlin A. , Andersson C. , Bjorkman B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Oxidation is a vital phenomenon for magnetite pellets in their excursion through the furnace during induration. One of the pre-requisites for magnetite pellets to achieve homogeneously structured good quality pellets is to have complete oxidation before sintering begins. Partially oxidized magnetite pellets, upon sintering, might result in inhomogeneous structured pellets which could be detrimental to pellet quality. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms responsible for magnetite oxidation, and hence, it is intended in this study to investigate experimentally as well as develop a mathematical model based on oxidation kinetics. Oxidation of pellets is largely influenced by the oxidation kinetics of particles and hence should be studied at particle as well as at pellet scale. The principles of the Grain Model have been adopted to develop the Oxidation Model at pellet scale, whereas the particles’ oxidation follows the Avrami Kinetic Model. Isothermal oxidation experiments performed Thermogravimetric Analyzer showed that oxidation rate of magnetite at pellet scale contained two peaks. They were complemented well by oxidation rates predicted from the model. Further, the pellet was investigated microstructurally at pellet and particle scale to substantiate the findings from the experiments and the model. The oxidation model developed is used to predict the progression of oxidation in the magnetite pellet with respect to the reaction time at three different temperatures (873 K, 973 K, and 1073 K (600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C)) and at four levels of oxygen (0.21, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.00 atm) in the oxidizing gas.
Cognition and functionality in delusional disorder
Authors: Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Cervilla Jorge A. , Haro Josep M. , Arango Celso , Portugal Enrique de 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground:Even if neurocognition is known to affect functional outcomes in schizophrenia, no previous study has explored the impact of cognition on functionality in delusional disorder (DD). We aimed to assess the effect of clinical characteristics, symptom dimensions and neuropsychological performance on psychosocial functioning and self-perceived functional impairment in DD.Methods:Seventy-five patients with a SCID-I confirmed diagnosis of DD underwent neurocognitive testing using a neuropsychological battery examining verbal memory, attention, working memory and executive functions. We assessed psychotic symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and calculated factor scores for four clinical dimensions: Paranoid, Cognitive, Affective and Schizoid. We conducted hierarchical linear regression models to identify predictors of psychosocial functioning, as measured with the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and self-perceived functional impairment, as measured with the Sheehan’s Disability Inventory.Results:In the final linear regression models, higher scores in the Paranoid (β= 0.471, p <.001, r2 = 0.273) and Cognitive (β = 0.325, p <.001, r2 = 0.180) symptomatic dimensions and lower scores in verbal memory (β = −0.273, p <.05, r2 = 0.075) were significantly associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in patients with DD. Lower scores in verbal memory (β= −0.337, p <.01, r2 = 0.158) and executive functions (β= −0.323, p <.01, r2 = 0.094) were significantly associated with higher self-perceived disability.Conclusions:Impaired verbal memory and cognitive symptoms seem to affect functionality in DD, above and beyond the severity of the paranoid idea. This suggests a potential role for cognitive interventions in the management of DD.
Poor clinical outcomes associated with community-onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Anesi Judith A. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Nachamkin Irving , Garrigan Charles , Bilker Warren B. , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Dankwa Lois , Wheeler Mary K. , Tolomeo Pam , Han Jennifer H. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveResistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among Enterobacteriaceae (EB) is increasingly prevalent. We sought to determine the clinical outcomes associated with community-onset ESC-resistant (ESC-R) EB urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a US health system.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsAll patients presenting to the emergency departments (EDs) or outpatient practices with EB UTIs between 2010 and 2013 were included. Exposed patients had ESC-R EB UTIs. Unexposed patients had ESC-susceptible EB UTIs and were matched to exposed subjects 1:1 on study year. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between ESC-R EB UTI and the outcomes of clinical failure and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT).ResultsA total of 302 patients with community-onset EB UTI were included, with 151 exposed and unexposed. On multivariable analyses, UTI due to an ESC-R EB was significantly associated with clinical failure (odds ratio [OR], 7.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.16–15.82; P<.01). Other independent risk factors for clinical failure included infection with Citrobacter spp and need for hemodialysis. UTI due to an ESC-R EB was also significantly associated with IIAT (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 2.64–7.33; P<.01).ConclusionsCommunity-onset UTI due to an ESC-R EB organism is significantly associated with clinical failure, which may be due in part to IIAT. Further studies are needed to determine which patients in the community are at high risk for drug-resistant infection to help inform prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic prescribing for ESC-R EB.
Arc-related high-K magmatism in the Ceuta Peninsula (Internal Rif, Spain): discovery and consequences
Authors: Homonnay Emmanuelle , Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Corsini Michel , El Bakili Asmae , Bosch Delphine , Bruguier Olivier , Ouazzani-Touhami Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe document the occurrence of micro-diorite magmatic sills, with magmatic enclaves, in the Ceuta Peninsula within metapelites from the Lower Sebtides units (Internal Rif). All magmatic rocks show a primary magmatic mineralogy and geochemical signature diagnostic for high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic island arc magmatism. Moreover, these rocks are significantly affected by secondary metamorphic transformations under greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions, regionally dated atc. 21 Ma. Geometric relationships between the sills and the main regional foliation, developed under intermediate-pressure granulite-facies conditions atc. 28 Ma, demonstrate that the sills emplaced during the late stage of this main tectonic event. New U–Pbin situanalyses of monazite performed on the micro-diorite sills provide an age of 20.64 ± 0.19 Ma, coherent with this chronological framework and interpreted as the age of greenschist-facies re-equilibration. The discovery of pre-Miocene high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic arc-related magmatism is clearly consistent with the subduction context proposed for the Alboran Basin evolution, according to geophysical investigations. In this framework, the Lower Sebtides units could be considered as part of the upper plate of the subduction system, while the Upper Sebtides must be regarded as the lower subducted plate.
CONFIDENCE IN BELIEFS AND RATIONAL DECISION MAKING
Authors: Hill Brian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:The standard, Bayesian account of rational belief and decision is often argued to be unable to cope properly with severe uncertainty, of the sort ubiquitous in some areas of policy making. This paper tackles the question of what should replace it as a guide for rational decision making. It defends a recent proposal, which reserves a role for the decision maker’s confidence in beliefs. Beyond being able to cope with severe uncertainty, the account has strong normative credentials on the main fronts typically evoked as relevant for rational belief and decision. It fares particularly well, we argue, in comparison to other prominent non-Bayesian models in the literature.
Subclinical hypothyroidism and depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao T. , Chen B. M. , Zhao X. M. , Shan Z. Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and depression. We also analysed the effect of levothyroxine (L-T4) on depression in SCH patients. We found an insignificant difference for the composite endpoint: standard mean difference (SMD) of 0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.03, 0.48, P = 0.08, I2 = 73.6%). The odds ratio (OR) for depressive patients was 1.75 (95% CI 0.97, 3.17 P = 0.064, I2 = 64.6%). Furthermore, sub-group analysis according to age found that SCH was related to depression in younger patients (<60 years old), as defined by the diagnosis of depression: OR of 3.8 (95% CI 1.02, 14.18, P = 0.047, I2 = 0.0%) or an increase on the depressive scale: SMD of 0.42 (95% CI 0.03, 0.82, P = 0.036, I2 = 66.6%). Meanwhile, SCH did not associate with depression in older patients (≥60 years old), as defined by the diagnosis of depression: OR of 1.53 (95% CI 0.81, 2.90, P = 0.193, I2 = 71.3%) or an increase on the depressive scale: SMD of 0.03 (95%CI −0.31, 0.37, P = 0.857, I2 = 79.8%). We also found an insignificant difference in the composite endpoint between the L-T4 supplementation group and placebo group in SCH patients. The estimated SMD was 0.26 (95% CI −0.09, 0.62, P = 0.143, I2 = 52.9%). This meta-analysis demonstrates that SCH is not connected to depression. However, sub-group analysis according to age found that SCH is related to depression in younger patients, but not in older patients. Furthermore, we failed to find an effect of L-T4 supplementation treatment for SCH on depression.