bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formula protein versus human milk protein and the effects on growth in preterm born infants
Authors: Muts Jacqueline , van Keulen Britt J. , van Goudoever Johannes B. , van den Akker Chris H.P. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to evaluate the latest available evidence on the differences between human milk proteins versus infant formula proteins and its effects on growth and development in preterm infants.

Recent findings
High protein intake supports initial growth in preterm infants, although the long-term benefits remain unclear. Human milk requires adequate fortification to meet nutritional needs of preterm born infants. Formula feeding, with its higher protein content, may accelerate early weight gain but also increases the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Current evidence showed no significant advantages of human milk-derived fortifiers over bovine milk-derived fortifiers. Furthermore, studies published during the review period do not provide new evidence that alters the existing understanding of differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between infants fed human milk and those fed formula.

Summary
Both fortified human milk and preterm formula support growth in preterm infants, but human milk offers additional protective benefits, such as reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, making it the preferred option. Balancing immediate growth needs with potential long-term developmental outcomes remains crucial, highlighting the need for further research to determine the optimal protein intake for preterm infants.
From Acute Pancreatitis to Diabetes
Authors: Saad Michelle , Hornung Lindsey , Abu-El-Haija Maisam 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the risk profile for postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) in children after a single acute pancreatitis (AP) episode and to investigate the association between episode severity and complications, length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) needs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used the Pediatric Health Information System database for patients ≤19 years old with index AP admissions (2011–2020). A query (2012–2021) was performed for diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with prior DM or pancreatic surgery before AP or DM diagnoses were excluded.

Results
Out of 12,822 patients with index AP admissions (median age, 13.4 years; 54% female), 686 (5.4%) developed PPDM, with 320 (2.5%) during and 366 (2.9%) at a later admission. The median time to PPDM was 1.9 months (interquartile range: 0–20.8 months). Patients with PPDM experienced extended LOS, heightened ICU needs, and increased complications such as sepsis, pancreatic necrosis, and cyst formation, along with higher rates of organ dysfunction and comorbidities.

Conclusions
Children face DM risks during or after AP episodes. Enhanced DM screening and close outpatient follow-up within 3 to 6 months post-discharge are recommended.
Markers of Collagen Formation and Degradation in Serum and Pancreatic Fluid Collections in Patients With Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Prahm August Pilegaard , Nissen Neel Ingemann , Werge Mikkel Parsberg , Hadi Amer , Willumsen Nicholas , Karsdal Morten Asser , Gluud Lise-Lotte , Olesen Søren Schou , Karstensen John Gásdal , Novovic Srdan 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Current knowledge on the fibro-inflammatory process underlying chronic pancreatitis originates from animal studies or human studies based on circulating biomarkers. To provide new insight into the underlying fibro-inflammatory processes, we simultaneously assessed fibrosis biomarkers in pancreatic fluid collections and the systemic circulation.

Materials and Methods
This prospective observational cross-sectional study included patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis undergoing drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, as well as 20 healthy controls (only serum levels). PRO-C3, PRO-C11 and PRO-C19 (markers of collagen formation), and C3M and C4M (markers of collagen degradation) were evaluated for both compartments (serum and fluid collection).

Results
Forty-three patients were included: 26 with walled-off necrosis and 17 with pseudocyst. Serum levels of all 5 fibrosis biomarkers were elevated in patients as compared to controls (all P < 0.001). PRO-C3 levels were significantly higher in pancreatic fluid vs serum (280.6 vs 20.8 ng/mL, P < 0.001). In contrast, levels of C3M (20.5 vs 13.1 ng/mL, P = 0.003), PRO-C19 (64.9 vs 14.3 nM, P < 0.001), and C4M (55.6 vs 20.4 ng/mL, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in serum vs pancreatic fluid.

Conclusions
The high serum levels in patients suggest increased overall fibrotic activity in pancreatitis patients as compared to healthy controls. PRO-C3 elicited higher levels in the pancreatic fluid, indicating localized fibrotic activity.
Usefulness of Semiautomated 3D Volumetric Assessment of Liver Tumor Burden for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Fujimori Nao , Fujita Nobuhiro , Murakami Masatoshi , Ohno Akihisa , Matsumoto Kazuhide , Teramatsu Katsuhito , Ueda Keijiro , Wada Noriaki , Takao Seiichiro , Okamoto Daisuke , Ishigami Kousei , Ito Tetsuhide , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
In patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), the Ki-67 index is objectively assessed by pathologists; however, liver tumor burden (LTB) depends on the subjective judgment of physicians. This study aimed to elucidate the usefulness of the semi-automated 3D volumetric assessment of LTB in patients with PanNET.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients (40 computed tomographies [CTs]) with metastatic PanNETs. LTB was measured using a semiautomated 3D volumetric software program (volumetric assessment) or evaluated independently by 6 clinicians using CT imaging (visual assessment). The treatment map was classified into 3 groups based on LTB and Ki-67 index.

Results
Visual and volumetric assessments of the LTB were well correlated. The LTB was significantly higher on visual assessment than volumetric assessment (P < 0.01). Categorization on the map was consistent between the visual and volumetric evaluations in 23 patients (equal group). The remaining 6 patients were overestimated by visual assessment (overestimated group). Progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients in the ‘equal group’ than the ‘overestimated group’ (981 vs 366 days, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
This pilot study revealed a good correlation between visual and volumetric assessments, and visual assessment overestimated LTB, compared to volumetric assessment.
The Significant Impact of Fibrinogen–C-Reactive Protein–Albumin Ratio on the Long-Term Outcomes After Pancreatic Resection for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tanji Yoshiaki , Haruki Koichiro , Igarashi Yosuke , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Shirai Yoshihiro , Taniai Tomohiko , Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Sakamoto Taro , Ikegami Toru 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of a novel biomarker, the fibrinogen–C-reactive protein–albumin ratio (F-CAR), in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing pancreatectomy.

Method
We retrospectively analyzed 163 patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. The relationship between F-CAR, calculated from preoperative serum fibrinogen, albumin, and C-reactive protein levels, and long-term outcomes following pancreatectomy was examined.

Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that several factors, including age (P < 0.01), high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level (P < 0.01), high serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (P = 0.049), pT3 or pT4 (UICC) (P < 0.01), pN1 or pN2 (P < 0.01), and high F-CAR (hazards ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.22; P = 0.04), were independent and significant predictors of disease-free survival. Moreover, factors such as age (P = 0.02), high serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (P < 0.01), preoperative biliary drainage (P = 0.02), preoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.04), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.046), and high F-CAR (hazards ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.35; P = 0.04) were found to be independent and significant predictors of overall survival.

Conclusions
F-CAR is a useful prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival after pancreatectomy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Hyperplasia of Fat-Containing Cells With Mature Adipocyte Marker Is Associated With Pancreatic Fat Enlargement
Authors: Fujita Yukari , Kozawa Junji , Horii Tomomi , Kawata Satoshi , Ishibashi Chisaki , Y. Baden Megu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
To elucidate the specific characteristics of fat-containing cells in the pancreas and the mechanism of intrapancreatic fat deposition in humans.

Materials and Methods
Fifteen Japanese patients who had undergone pancreatic resection were enrolled, and the normal region from each samples was examined. Immunostaining for adiponectin and perilipin 1 was performed, and the relationships between the pancreatic fat-cell area or clinical parameters and the density or the diameter of the fat cells were analyzed.

Results
The expression of adiponectin in the cytoplasm and perilipin 1 along the plasma membrane was observed in fat-containing cells in the pancreas. The fat-containing cell area had a significant positive correlation with cell density. In addition, fat-containing cell density was significantly positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. The diameter of fat-containing cells had significant positive correlations with BMI, fasting immunoreactive insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. Of all fat-containing cells, 10.4% were intralobular cells, and the diameter of intralobular cells showed a tendency for positive correlation with age.

Conclusions
The characteristics of fat-containing cells in the pancreas indicate that some of them may be mature adipocytes, and fat volume may be increased by hyperplasia of fat-containing cells associated with insulin resistance.
Content comparison of multidimensional functional outcome measures in rehabilitation and the ICF clinical functioning information tool: A scoping literature review
Authors: Amatya Bhasker , Mukaino Masahiko , Stucki Gerold , Selb Melissa , Khan Fary 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The ICF-based Clinical Functioning Information Tool (ClinFIT) was developed as a standardized tool to facilitate the assessment of functioning in clinical and, research settings.

Objective:
This review describes the contents of commonly used multidimensional outcome measures that describe functioning in rehabilitation settings and maps these measures to ICF categories covered by the ClinFIT to identify commonalities and discrepancies in the content.

Methods:
A scoping review included a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other resources. Twelve outcome measures were selected, and their meaningful concepts were linked to the ClinFIT by 2 authors using established ICF linking rules. Content density, bandwidth, and content diversity indices were calculated for each measure.

Results:
A total of 369 meaningful concepts from the 292 items from 12 measures were selected. Of these, 293 (79.4%) concepts were linked to the ClinFIT categories, with a majority (80.5%) linked to “activities and participation”; however, 76 (20.6%) meaningful concepts could not be linked to any ClinFIT categories. The extent of content coverage varied significantly between measures, reflecting the differences in the scope of each measure. The “activity and participation” categories had the highest bandwidth for all measures (range: 28.6%–71.4%), while the “body function” category was less represented (range: 0%–33.3%).

Conclusions:
ClinFIT can be the useful outcome measure for functional assessment in rehabilitation settings, as it covers wider concepts, considered important in rehabilitation settings, compared with other common functional outcome measures. It can establish comparability of a minimal data set on functional outcomes across various medical conditions and settings.
An Overview of Medical, Surgical, and Rehabilitation Outcome Measures Used in Randomized Controlled Trials of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Flores-Sandoval Cecilia , Bateman Emma A. , MacKenzie Heather M. , Sequeira Keith , Janzen Shannon , Teasell Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Optimal reporting of outcomes is critical for the interpretation of research findings. This review aimed to examine the utilization of outcome measures (OMs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moderate to severe TBI (MSTBI). Systematic searches were conducted up to December 2022 in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RCTs were included if the population studied had ≥18 years and ≥ 50% had MSTBI. 662 met inclusion criteria. There was a total of 839 unique OMs across all included RCTs. Of these, only 195 (23.2%) were used in ≥4 RCTs. On average, RCTs included 1.26 OMs (range 1 to 23). A total of 495 (59%) of OMs were classified in the recovery and rehabilitation category, and 344 (41%) in the medical and surgical measures category. There was a more equal representation of OMs in high income countries (HICs) compared to low to middle income countries (LMICs), with the latter using fewer recovery and rehabilitation OMs. OMs used in RCTs of MSTBI have significant heterogeneity and variable clinical relevance, which limits the impact and generalizability of research in MSTBI, and the ability to compare across studies.
Effects of Vibration Therapy on Muscle Strength, Shoulder Range of Motion, and Muscle Biomechanical Properties in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Feyzioğlu Özlem , Dinçer Selvi , Yılmaz Binnur Dönmez , Saldıran Tülay Çevik , Öztürk Özgül 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effects of vibration therapy to home-based exercises on shoulder muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), pain-related disability, and muscles viscoelastic properties of shoulder and neck in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Design
In this randomized controlled superiority trial was conducted with 38 participants who underwent breast cancer surgery. All patients were randomized into two groups: control group (CG) and vibration group (VG). Both groups performed home-based exercises for 5 days a week for 6 weeks. VG recived additional vibration therapy for 2 days a week for 6 weeks. Shoulder ROM, muscle strength, pain, disability, grip stength, and viscoelastic properties of the pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid were compared pre- and post-intervention.

Results
VG demonstrated better improvement in shoulder ROM, muscle strength and pain-related disability (p < 0.05), except for internal rotation ROM. Only tone of pectoralis major was significantly higher in VG according to group x time interaction (p < 0.05), no differences were detected in terms of muscle viscoelastic properties in the CG patients (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Vibration therapy provided superior improvements in muscle strength, ROM, and pain-related disability compared to home-based exercises alone in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy in the early postoperative phase.
Brief Report: Effect of Improved Provider Communication and Adherence to Guidelines on PrEP Initiation in Kisumu Kenya
Authors: Vera Melissa , Sila Joseph , Richardson Barbra A. , Otieno Felix , Owiti George , Kemunto Valarie , Kinuthia John , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Larsen Anna , Dettinger Julia C. , Pintye Jillian , John-Stewart Grace , Kohler Pamela 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya have low pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation rates in part because of stigmatizing interactions with health care providers. Our recent randomized clinical trial of a standardized patient actor (SP) training intervention for providers found higher quality PrEP delivery at intervention sites; however, it was unclear whether improved service quality improved PrEP initiation.

Methods:
This analysis used routine records from facilities participating in the randomized trial that aimed to improve provider communication and adherence to Kenyan guidelines when offering PrEP to AGYW. We used facility-level PrEP registers from May to December 2019 as the baseline period and December 2020 to June 2021 as the postintervention period. We used linear regression with percentage initiating as the outcome, intervention and baseline initiation levels as covariates, and the number eligible postintervention at each facility as frequency weights.

Results:
Overall, 1375 AGYW presented to study sites, were eligible for PrEP, and were included in analyses (baseline: n = 706, postintervention: n = 669). Among 669 PrEP-eligible AGYW in the postintervention period (intervention: n = 360, control: n = 309), 591 (88.3%) initiated PrEP (intervention: n = 335, control: n = 256). PrEP initiation was 93.1% at intervention sites (range: 0%–100%) and 82.8% at control sites (range: 0%–100%). Adjusted for baseline initiation rates, initiation was 12.1% higher at intervention sites than at control sites (P < 0.001, [95% CI: 0.09 to 0.15]).

Conclusions:
Our study found significant improvement in PrEP initiation among AGYW who presented to intervention facilities. SP training interventions that improve quality of service delivery for AGYW could lead to higher population-level PrEP coverage.
Metastasis Detection Using True and Artificial T1-Weighted Postcontrast Images in Brain MRI
Authors: Haase Robert , Pinetz Thomas , Kobler Erich , Bendella Zeynep , Paech Daniel , Clauberg Ralf , Foltyn-Dumitru Martha , Wagner Verena , Schlamp Kai , Heussel Gudula , Heussel Claus Peter , Vahlensieck Martin , Luetkens Julian A. , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Specht-Riemenschneider Louisa , Radbruch Alexander , Effland Alexander , Deike Katerina 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Small lesions are the limiting factor for reducing gadolinium-based contrast agents in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision in metastasis detection on true contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w) images and artificial images synthesized by a deep learning method using low-dose images.

Materials and Methods
In this prospective, multicenter study (5 centers, 12 scanners), 917 participants underwent brain MRI between October 2021 and March 2023 including T1w low-dose (0.033 mmol/kg) and full-dose (0.1 mmol/kg) images. Forty participants with metastases or unremarkable brain findings were evaluated in a reading (mean age ± SD, 54.3 ± 15.1 years; 24 men). True and artificial T1w images were assessed for metastases in random order with 4 weeks between readings by 2 neuroradiologists. A reference reader reviewed all data to confirm metastases. Performances were compared using mid-P McNemar tests for sensitivity and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for false-positive findings.

Results
The reference reader identified 97 metastases. The sensitivity of reader 1 did not differ significantly between sequences (sensitivity [precision]: true, 66.0% [98.5%]; artificial, 61.9% [98.4%]; P = 0.38). With a lower precision than reader 1, reader 2 found significantly more metastases using true images (sensitivity [precision]: true, 78.4% [87.4%]; artificial, 60.8% [80.8%]; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in sensitivity for metastases ≥5 mm. The number of false-positive findings did not differ significantly between sequences.

Conclusions
One reader showed a significantly higher overall sensitivity using true images. The similar detection performance for metastases ≥5 mm is promising for applying low-dose imaging in less challenging diagnostic tasks than metastasis detection.
Application of Submandibular Intubation as Alternative to Elective Short-Term Tracheotomy for Particular Cases of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumors Resection and Defects Reconstruction
Authors: Paka Lubamba Grace , Bao Mingzhe , Yang Jiajin , Cao Yubin , Li Honglin , Ma Zhongkai , Lin Jie , Zhao Guile , Hua Yufei , Zhang Gaowei , Huang Guangzhao , Gao Ning , Zhu Guiquan , Li Chunjie 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To describe the cases of oral and maxillofacial tumors (OMFT) resection and defects reconstruction under submandibular intubation (SMI) performed in our institution; secondly, to systematically review and analyze the characteristics of studies about SMI in oral and maxillofacial surgery to estimate the incidence rate of complication.

Method:
Data related to all 6 patients included in this study were prospectively collected from November 2016 to November 2023. The tract for endotracheal tube was created by bluntly dissection from the submandibular area to the floor of mouth. We performed an exhaustive search for studies about SMI using Pubmed, Embase, Proquest, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Meta-analysis of the incidence rate of complication and infection was performed using STATA 14.1.

Results:
There was a male predominance (87.3%); the mean age was 47.8±16.8 years; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent diagnosis (33.3%); the mean time of the operation was 237.0±65.2 minutes; the SMI procedure mean time was 5.5±0.9 minutes; and the mean time to extubation 133.3±12.5 minutes. No accident or complication was observed intraoperatively and postoperatively. The systematic review included 22 out of 234 studies screened. The meta-analysis showed an overall complication rate and superficial infection rate of 5.7% and 3.7% in the last 15 years versus 20.2% and 10.6% in over 15 years ago.

Conclusion:
Submandibular intubation was found technically easy, safe, and effective alternative of elective short-term tracheotomy, orotracheal and nasotracheal intubations in our series of OMFT resection and defects reconstruction.