bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Créativité numérique en période de conflit : le cas vénézuélien
Authors: Debos Franck , Lancini Maria Daniella 
Published: March 2019

Avec l’exemple du printemps arabe et de ses multiples soubresauts (en Égypte, en Tunisie, etc.), mais également d’autres types de conflits (Kenya, Inde, Indonésie), nous avons constaté que les réseaux sociaux pouvaient avoir un rôle très important en termes de contre-pouvoir, dont la force de frappe était avant tout due au poids des mots, des images et vidéos diffusés. En effet, alors que les réseaux sociaux sont considérés à juste titre comme des vecteurs incontournables en communication des organisations, ils sont également aussi importants en termes d’outils de débat public au service d’une démocratie plus participative. En quelques années seulement, ces réseaux sont devenus le terrain de prédilection de la contestation populaire.Notre réflexion sera illustrée par les évènements socio politiques récents au Venezuela qui ont mis de nouveau en exergue l’importance des réseaux sociaux sur plusieurs plans :En tant que lieu d’expression non- censuré, où toutes les opinions peuvent être représentées et échangées et dans lequel les mouvements d’opposition au gouvernement en place ont trouvé un refuge où ils peuvent s’exprimer.En tant que support logistique et communicationnel à partir duquel les manifestations peuvent être préparées à l’avance. Indépendamment de ces éléments qui se répètent lors de ce type d’évènements, l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux, notamment Twitter par les opposants au régime vénézuélien a été marquée par une forte créativité notamment sous l’angle de l’humour satirique à travers des dessins, des montages photographiques et des vidéos caricaturant des évènements, des situations, des membres du gouvernement ou autres protagonistes « Pro-Maduro ». Il convient par ailleurs de préciser que l’humour et spécifiquement la dérision sont une composante importante de l’identité (ou des identités) vénézuélienne.
Combining the use of trap crops and insecticide sprays to control the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in strawberry (Rosaceae) fields
Authors: Dumont F. , Provost C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris(Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), causes severe damages in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassaDuchesneexRozier; Rosaceae) fields in Québec, Canada. Currently, only chemical insecticides successfully control that major pest.Lygus lineolarisaggregate in trap crops such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench; Polygonaceae) and white mustard (Sinapis albaLinnaeus; Brassicaceae) but do not remain long enough on these plants to significantly reduce damages on strawberries. However, the attractiveness of the trap crop gives the opportunity to gatherL. lineolarisin an area of the field where chemical treatments could be applied more efficiently. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the combination of trap crop (buckwheat and white mustard) and chemical treatments to controlL. lineolaris. Randomised complete-block design included treatment with either no trap crop, buckwheat, or white mustard row planted close to strawberry plants. Half blocks were treated with insecticide (cypermethrin) sprayed on strawberry plants (in treatment without trap crop) or directly on trap crop. We found thatL. lineolariswas more abundant on buckwheat than on white mustard or strawberry plants. Insecticide application on trap crops reduced the population on these hosts, but did not reduceL. lineolarison adjacent strawberry plants. Behavioural avoidance and physiological pesticide resistance could explain this result.
Chromatin-Modifying Agent–Expanded Human Cord Blood Cells Display Reduced Allostimulatory Capacity
Authors: Petro Benjamin , Mahmud Dolores , Taioli Simona , Ganapathy Amudha , Senyuk Vitalyi , Yoshinaga Kazumi G. , Suphangul Montha , Rondelli Damiano , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) within a single unit of human cord blood currently limits its use as an alternate graft source. However, we have developed a strategy using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5azaD) and trichostatin A (TSA), which expands transplantable HSC 7- to 10-fold. In our current studies, we have assessed the allostimulatory capacity of the 5azaD/TSA-expanded grafts. The coexpression of immunophenotypic dendritic cell (DC) markers, such as HLA-DR/CD86 and HLA-DR/CD11c as determined by flow cytometry, and the allostimulatory capacity of 5azaD/TSA-expanded cells as determined by MLC were both significantly lower than control. It has been previously demonstrated that STAT3 is indispensable for the differentiation of DC from HSC. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that 5azaD/TSA-expanded cells expressed more STAT3 transcript than control while also expressing increased transcripts for STAT3 inhibitors including SHP1, p21, and GATA1. Western blot analysis indicates that chromatin-modifying agent–expanded grafts displayed a reduced ratio of p-STAT3 to total STAT3 than control cultures, which is likely indicative of STAT3 inactivity in 5azD/TSA-expanded grafts. Culturing 5azaD/TSA-expanded cord blood cells in extended cultures reveals that they are still capable of generating DC. Notably, STAT3 inactivity was transient because the transcript levels of STAT3 and its inhibitors, including SHP1, were comparable between 5azaD/TSA and control cultures following extended culture. Taken together, our studies indicate that the reduced allostimulatory capacity of 5azaD/TSA-expanded cells is likely because of reversible inhibition of STAT3-dependent DC differentiation. These results suggest that a graft composed of 5azaD/TSA-expanded cells possesses relatively less allostimulatory response but is still capable of generating DC in permissive conditions.
Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl– and Arg-Mediated IRF3 Phosphorylation Regulates Innate Immune Responses by Promoting Type I IFN Production
Authors: Luo Fengyan , Liu Hainan , Yang Shasha , Fang Yi , Zhao Zhihu , Hu Yong , Jin Yanwen , Li Ping , Gao Ting , Cao Cheng , Liu Xuan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays important roles in T cell development and immune responses; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcriptional regulator of type I IFN–dependent immune responses against DNA and RNA viruses. The data in this study show that IRF3 is physically associated with c-Abl in vivo and directly binds to c-Abl in vitro. IRF3 is phosphorylated by c-Abl and c-Abl–related kinase, Arg, mainly at Y292. The inhibitor AMN107 inhibits IFN-β production induced by poly(dA:dT), poly(I:C), and Sendai virus in THP-1 and mouse bone marrow–derived macrophage cells. IRF3-induced transcription of IFN-β is significantly reduced by the mutation of Y292 to F. Moreover, AMN107 suppresses gene expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and subsequently reduces inflammasome activation induced by cytosolic bacteria, dsDNA, and DNA viruses. Consistent with this finding, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (Ft LVS), which is known as an activator of AIM2 inflammasome, induces death in significantly more C57BL/6 mice treated with the Abl inhibitor AMN107 or c-Abl/Arg small interfering RNA than in untreated mice. This study provides new insight into the function of c-Abl and Arg in regulating immune responses and AIM2 inflammasome activation, especially against Ft LVS infection.
The Use of Ivig in the Treatment of Inflammatory Polyneuropathies and Myasthenia Gravis at the Walton Centre
Authors: Kimyongur Selim , Hywel Brython , Holt James 
Published: March 2019

Background Immunoglobulin is a blood product used in a variety of medical disorders, usually delivered intravenously (IVIg). Neurology patients, particularly those with inflammatory polyneuropathy, utilise a lot of IVIg. There is a national shortage of immunoglobulin and, thus, pressing need to ensure minimum effective dosing as well as rigorous outcome assessments to assess benefit at treatment start and subsequently, as placebo effects can be strong. Methods Serial audit of IVIg use at The Walton Centre against national guidelines was carried out through analysis of clinical notes of day unit patients. Review of the national immunoglobulin database and of neurology outpatient notes to benchmark our practice and provide some comparison with the wider nation was also performed. Results Serial audit led to improved adherence to guidelines, and analysis of practice identified wide variation in IVIg use. Conclusion Local audit and benchmarking of practice can be used to promote quality and consistency of IVIg use across the NHS.
Who Lives in Scotland'S Care Homes? Descriptive Analysis Using Routinely Collected Social Care Data 2012–16
Authors: Burton Jennifer K , Lynch Ellen , Love Sharon , Rintoul Julie , Starr John M , Shenkin Susan D 
Published: March 2019

Background Adults living in long-term care are a significant and complex population who are under-represented in research using traditional methodologies. Methods The aim of this study was to provide the first description of the adult care home population and their homes, using routinely collected data. A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using the Scottish Care Home Census (SCHC) between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2016. Results Data are from 1,299 care home services (79.3-89.7% completeness), including 34,399-39,311 residents per year across all regions of Scotland. A total of 68% of residents are female, with median age 84 years. 27% fund their own care. Over 85% of self-funded residents receive free personal care allowance. Around 60% require care from a registered nurse and 49% have a formal diagnosis of dementia. The majority of admissions come from hospital (46%). Between 13 and 17% of residents die annually, with a median time to death of 596-653 days. Conclusions This study provides the most comprehensive descriptive data of UK care home residents available. There is scope to enhance the information available through linkage to other routine sources.
Discharge Home from Critical Care: Safety Assessment in a Resource Constrained System
Authors: Xing Siyao , Roshdy Ashraf , Radhakrishnan Jayachandran , Kiff Kevin , Collins Jake 
Published: March 2019

Background High bed occupancy rates have delayed patient discharges from UK critical care units, especially in acute medical hospitals. As a result, more patients are discharged home directly from critical care (DH). Methods In this observational, retrospective study, we quantify the trends in DH from 2013 to 2018, and assess readmission rates and outcome in this group when compared to patients discharged from a ward, from 2014 to 2016. Results DH rates, as a proportion of critical care admissions, increased every year (2.47% in 2013 to 19.36% in 2018). In 2014–16, the most common admission diagnoses in DH patients were diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; 35%), drug overdose (12%), seizures (8%) and respiratory failure (8%). DH patients were younger and had shorter critical care stay. Readmission rates in DH patients were comparable to the rest of the hospital. Patients with DKA and seizures were more likely to be readmitted. Conclusions Our data suggest that direct home discharge from critical care is increasingly common but safe in selected patient groups.
Syncope in a New Mother: A Case of Long-Qt Syndrome Presenting after Childbirth
Authors: Wereski Ryan , Dobson Richard , Newman Edward J , Connelly Derek 
Published: March 2019

Diagnosis of inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including long-QT syndrome (LQTS), is challenging; however, early detection and initiation of therapies can reduce otherwise high rates of mortality. Two months following the birth of her first child a previously well 21-year-old female experienced four episodes of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC). The history was atypical for seizures but a video electroencephalogram (EEG) captured an episode with abnormal bifrontal epileptic discharge. She was commenced on levetiracetam. Within weeks of the birth of her second child she experienced five further episodes. During the subsequent hospital admission an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) during a typical TLOC event. Other ECGs recorded a prolonged QT interval. A diagnosis of LQTS was made and TLOC episodes ceased on commencement of nadolol. The patient experienced 22 TLOC episodes before diagnosis - most likely from self-terminating VT. With widespread availability of effective treatments to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in such conditions, clinicians should always remember how the ECG is an essential investigation every time a patient presents with TLOC.
Trainee and Supervisor Experience of the Academic Foundation Programme
Authors: Darbyshire Daniel , Baker Paul , Agius Steven , McAleer Sean 
Published: March 2019

Background The Academic Foundation Programme (AFP) is often the initial step along the Integrated Academic Training pathway in the UK. It is relatively new and research as to its effectiveness is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the AFP in terms of its impact on academic career aspirations and to explore trainees’ expectations and experience of the programme and investigate the enablers and barriers to success. Method Seven supervisors of Academic Foundation trainees were interviewed over a 5-month period in 2014. AFP trainees’ views were sought by way of an online questionnaire that covered six areas: demographics, expectations, academic time, experience, research and achievements. Results Thirty-four trainees completed online questionnaires. The majority of trainees (94%) did not proceed directly along the Integrated Academic Training pathway to complete Academic Clinical Fellowships, but those who applied to do so were often successful (nine applicants, six successful). Free-text comments revealed an expectation of a more course-like structure to the programme, this is in contrast to the authentic experience of clinical academia, along with its associated challenges, that some of the supervisors reported. The importance of planning and preparation for success was a recurring theme from the supervisor interviews. Conclusions The programme is achieving some success in encouraging academic careers. There are several areas that can be improved. Improving the availability of information and guidance for supervisors and facilitating Academic Foundation Doctors to network are both feasible changes that could lead to improvement.
Engaging Patient Stakeholders in Planning, Implementing, and Disseminating Occupational Therapy Research
Authors: Haywood Carol , Martinez Gabriela , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Carandang Kristine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Patients1 are experts on their own lives and the ways in which an illness, injury, or disability affects their health, activity, and quality of life. With its longstanding foundations in participatory action research, patient engagement has been gaining momentum across health care and related research. This momentum is supported by investments from several key research and federal policy–related organizations, including the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely positioned to champion patient collaborations. In this article, we discuss ways in which patient perspectives can be embraced in occupational therapy research, and we share insights from a research planning collaborative with adolescents and young adults that was led by occupational therapy researchers.
A feature geometric approach to Bondu-so vowel harmony
Authors: Green Christopher R. , Hantgan Abbie E. 
Published: March 2019

Bondu-so (Dogon; Mali) vowel harmony exhibits both typologically and theoretically interesting properties. The language’s vocalic system displays surface patterns that implicate a ten-vowel system with an underlying [ATR] contrast at three vowel heights that is not immediately apparent given only mid vowels maintain an [ATR] contrast on the surface. The current paper presents previously unaccounted for data that show alternations associated with Bondu-so vowel harmony correlate not only with the [ATR] specification of a given root vowel, but also with properties of the root-final consonant. We appeal to a combination of featural and prosodic licensing to analyze these outcomes and do so in a modified version of the Parallel Structures Model of feature geometry. The PSM framework has been employed in studies of consonant assimilation and consonant-vowel interaction, but to our knowledge, the current paper is the first to extend it specifically to the analysis of vowel harmony.
Een effectenanalyse van de adviezen van een Adviesraad Sociaal Domein als bijdrage aan een ‘local democratic audit’
Authors: Schutgens Jean 
Published: March 2019

An effect analysis of the advice of a social affairs advisory council as a contribution to a local democratic audit
‘The Netherlands is a country of commissions. Some are useful: they draw up an analysis that clarifies, declares success or denounces failure’, as the author wrote in his PhD-thesis ‘Looking with strange eyes’ in 2014. This essay also deals with commissions. In the three decentralization operations in the Netherlands, a so-called social affairs advisory council has made its appearance in the Dutch municipalities. Advisory committees or councils play an important role in our political system. For a long time discussions have been held about the position of these advisory bodies and their added value for policy and stakeholders. This fits in with municipalities that are in full development with concepts such as self-management, co-creation and vital communities. Advisory councils want to know if their work matters. There may be growing disappointment about the effects of their advice. That feeling of disappointment is understandable. In 1979 Carol Weiss was rather negative at the time about the degree of utilization of research. In 1983 Arno Korsten put this into perspective: ‘The view that there is underutilization on a large scale requires revision. An important reason is the fact that applying research results is often not immediately and easily visible, neither for researchers involved nor for policy makers.’ Research is something other than advice, but the insights are a source of inspiration for the use of advice. An advisory council wants to increase the effectiveness of its advice. For that reason, in this essay an approach is developed that provides insight into the factors that determine the way in which and the extent to which the advice is used in political decision-making. With this insight, an advisory council for the social domain can strengthen the influence of its advice, as is expected.
Pathology of Gastrointestinal and Liver Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Mourad Nathalie , Michel René P. , Marcus Victoria A. 
Published: March 2019

Context.—Despite advances in therapeutic and preventive measures, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients remain at risk for a variety of gastrointestinal and liver complications.Objective.—To detail the pathologic features of the various gastrointestinal and liver complications occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relation to their clinical context. The specific complications covered include graft-versus-host disease, mycophenolate mofetil–induced injury, timeline of infections, neutropenic enterocolitis, gastrointestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, hepatic iron overload, and the controversy around cord colitis syndrome.Data Sources.—The content of this article is based on pertinent peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, relevant textbooks, and on the authors' personal experiences.Conclusions.—The final histopathologic diagnosis requires the integration of clinical and histologic findings and the exclusion of other competing causes of injury. Review of the clinical data, including the original disease pretransplant, the type of transplant, the timing of the gastrointestinal and/or liver manifestations, the timing of the biopsy after transplant, the presence of graft-versus-host disease in other organs and sites, the list of drug regimens, and the clinical and laboratory evidence of infection, is the key to reaching the proper histologic diagnosis.
SATB2 Versus CDX2: A Battle Royale for Diagnostic Supremacy in Mucinous Tumors
Authors: Brettfeld Stefan M. , Ramos Benjamin D. , Berry Ryan S. , Martin David R. , Hanson Joshua A. 
Published: March 2019

Context.—Metastatic mucinous tumors present a diagnostic challenge for pathologists as tumor histomorphology is often nonspecific and optimal immunoprofiles are still under investigation.Objective.—To present a head-to-head comparison of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) expression in a diverse array of primary mucinous tumors.Design.—SATB2 and CDX2 immunohistochemical stains were performed on whole sections from 44 mucinous colorectal carcinomas and 175 noncolorectal mucinous tumors. A nuclear scoring system measuring intensity (0–3+) and percentage staining (0 = &lt;5%, 1 = 5%–49%, 2 = ≥50%) was implemented, producing an additive histologic score (H-score).Results.—SATB2 demonstrated acceptable accuracy at low to moderate expression levels (H-scores of 1–4). With these H-score cutoffs, overall accuracy was greater than 90%. In contrast, CDX2's accuracy rivaled that of SATB2 only at an H-score of 5 (89.0%), as its specificity suffered at lower expression levels (&lt;70.0% at H-scores of 1–4). Using a moderate H-score cutoff of 3 or higher, significant differences for both sensitivity and specificity were identified between SATB2 and CDX2 (P = .01 for sensitivity and P &lt; .001 for specificity), though these stains were near equivalent when each was interpreted as positive at its respective optimal H-score (SATB2 ≥ 3 and CDX2 = 5).Conclusions.—SATB2 is a more accurate marker of colorectal origin across a variety of expression levels compared with CDX2 when applied to mucinous tumors from a host of primary sites. However, these stains are near equivalent when each is interpreted at its optimal expression level.