bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local geometry of NAE-SAT solutions in the condensation regime
Authors: Sly Allan , Sohn Youngtak 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe local behavior of typical solutions of random constraint satisfaction problems (csp) describes many important phenomena including clustering thresholds, decay of correlations, and the behavior of message passing algorithms. When the constraint density is low, studying the planted model is a powerful technique for determining this local behavior which in many examples has a simple Markovian structure. The work of Coja-Oghlan, Kapetanopoulos, Müller (Comb Prob Comput 29:346-422, 2020) showed that for a wide class of models, this description applies up to the so-called condensation threshold. Understanding the local behavior after the condensation threshold is more complex due to long-range correlations. In this work, we revisit the random regular nae-sat model in the condensation regime and determine the local weak limit which describes a random solution around a typical variable. This limit exhibits a complicated non-Markovian structure arising from the space of solutions being dominated by a small number of large clusters. This is the first description of the local weak limit in the condensation regime for any sparse random csps in the one-step replica symmetry breaking (1rsb) class. Our result is non-asymptotic and characterizes the tight fluctuation $$O(n^{-1/2})$$

O
(

n

-
1
/
2

)

around the limit. Our proof is based on coupling the local neighborhoods of an infinite spin system, which encodes the structure of the clusters, to a broadcast model on trees whose channel is given by the 1rsb belief-propagation fixed point. We believe that our proof technique has broad applicability to random csps in the 1rsb class.
J-shaped association of serum uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Ziyue , Gao Liyuan , Huang Bo , Liu Yue , Cui Jingqiu , Jia Junya , Liu Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aims
The association of serum uric acid (SUA) with mortality remains unclear in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Thus, this prospective cohort study aimed to explore the association of SUA with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with DKD in a large, nationally representative sample.

Methods
This cohort study included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 and the National Death Index mortality data until 31 December 2019. The restricted cubic spline and the Cox proportional hazards regression were conducted to describe the association of SUA with all-cause and CVD mortality and evaluate potential nonlinear associations.

Results
The analysis included 3470 patients with DKD from NHANES 1999–2018. During the follow-up time of 24,633 person-years, we recorded 1489 all-cause deaths, including 542 CVD deaths. We identified a J-shaped association of SUA with all-cause and CVD mortality. The corresponding inflection points were observed at 5.1 and 5.7 mg/dL. When SUA were higher than inflection points, each 1 mg/dL increase in SUA was linked to a 13% and 22% higher risk of all-cause (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.07–1.20;P < 0.001) and CVD (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06–1.41;P = 0.006) mortality, respectively.

Conclusions
This study indicated the J-shaped association of SUA with all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with DKD. The corresponding inflection points were 5.1 mg/dL for all causes and 5.7 mg/dL for CVD, respectively. More clinical randomized trials are needed to confirm the optimal uric acid-lowering target.
AI-Powered Geotechnics: Enhancing Rock Mass Classification for Safer Engineering Practices
Authors: Saadati Ghader , Javankhoshdel Sina , Mohebbi Najm Abad Javad , Mett Michael , Kontrus Heiner , Schneider-Muntau Barbara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRock mass classification is fundamental for evaluating rock mass quality, essential for stability analysis and geotechnical design. Traditional classification methods are limited by joint observation technology, which typically gathers joint information from one-dimensional or two-dimensional perspectives, failing to comprehensively capture three-dimensional joint occurrences. This often necessitates empirical formulas for joint distribution, resulting in less precise joint parameter calculations. This paper reviews 44 seminal articles on rock engineering classification in construction and subterranean projects, tracing the evolution from foundational methods like Rock Quality Designation, Rock Mass Rating, Q-system, Basic Quality, and Hydropower Classification to contemporary techniques. It highlights the transformative impact of data science, particularly artificial intelligence, on rock engineering. The analysis reveals 73 distinct algorithms used 162 times in literature, with Support Vector Machines Support, Vector Regression, K-means clustering, K-Nearest Neighbors, Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forest being the most successful. This paper examines each method's advantage and limitations, discussing the challenges of algorithm deployment in the scientific community. The findings underscore the integration of machine learning and meta-heuristic optimization methods in rock engineering classification, offering valuable insights for future research and applications.
Die Phänomenologie als mögliche gemeinsame Grundlage des Humanistischen Clusters
Authors: Fuchs Thomas , Schmidsberger Florian 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie psychotherapeutischen Verfahren des humanistischen Clusters stehen in der Gegenwart vor mehreren Herausforderungen: Einerseits durch das neue Psychotherapiegesetzes (2024) in Österreich und das damit einhergehende Desiderat einer methodenübergreifenden, clusterweiten Forschung; andererseits durch die Situation der humanistischen Psychotherapie in Deutschland, die aus einer akademischen Institutionalisierung und der Teilhabe an öffentlicher Versorgung durch Krankenkassen verdrängt wurde (Kriz 2023). Mit unserem Beitrag möchten wir Ideen einer metatheoretischen Rahmung für ein gemeinsames Forschungsprogramm des humanistischen Clusters vorstellen, die die Grundlage für eine gemeinsame Identität, übergreifende Theoriebildung und gemeinsames empirisches Forschen liefert – und zwar unter den Vorzeichen einer philosophischen Phänomenologie und einer phänomenologischen Psychopathologie.
A systematic approach to determine the outcome of the competition between two microbial species in bioreactor cocultures
Authors: Bizukojć Marcin , Boruta Tomasz , Ścigaczewska Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The two-species microbial cocultures are effective in terms of awakening the cryptic biosynthetic pathways. They may also lead to the improved production of previously discovered molecules. Importantly, only a few outcomes of the cocultures may prove desirable, namely those leading to the formation of useful secondary metabolites. To address this issue, a method allowing for the evaluation of the final outcome of the co-culture process and fine-tune the cocultivation strategy was proposed. The systematic approach was supported by the experimental data from the bioreactor runs with the participation of Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium rubens confronted with Streptomyces rimosus and Streptomyces noursei. Kinetic, morphological and metabolic aspects of dominance were analysed via the newly proposed formula describing the dominance pattern. The suggested method involved the determination of the numerical value representing the dominance level. When it was high (value 1) no useful metabolites were formed apart from those originating from the winning counterpart. But either for the partial dominances or when the winning organism changed within the run or when the competition ended in draw, the number of the secondary metabolites of interest in the broth was the highest. Next, the systematic approach illustrated how the delayed inoculation strategy influenced the level of dominance leading to the change of winning counterpart and the set of metabolites produced. The proposed systematic approach allows for the reliable determination of the level of dominance in the two-species cocultures to seek for the potentially useful substances for future applications.
Controlling Virtual Reality With Brain Signals: State of the Art of Using VR-Based Feedback in Neurofeedback Applications
Authors: Kober Silvia Erika , Wood Guilherme , Berger Lisa Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid progress of commercial virtual reality (VR) technology, open access to VR development software as well as open-source instructions for creating brain-VR interfaces have increased the number of VR-based neurofeedback (NF) training studies. Controlling a VR environment with brain signals has potential advantages for NF applications. More entertaining, multimodal and adaptive virtual feedback modalities might positively affect subjective user experience and could consequently enhance NF training performance and outcome. Nevertheless, there are certain pitfalls and contraindications that make VR-based NF not suitable for everyone. In the present review, we summarize applications of VR-based NF and discuss positive effects of VR-based NF training as well as contraindications such as cybersickness in VR or age- and sex-related differences. The existing literature implies that VR-based feedback is a promising tool for the improvement of NF training performance. Users generally rate VR-based feedback more positively than traditional 2D feedback, albeit to draw meaningful conclusions and to rule out adverse effects of VR, more research on this topic is necessary. The pace in the development of brain-VR synchronization furthermore necessitates ethical considerations on these technologies.
Inventory analysis and environmental life cycle impact assessment of hotel food waste management for bio-circular economy development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhubu Trust , Mbohwa Charles 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is an inventory analysis and environmental life cycle assessment of hotel food waste management that seeks to inform efforts towards the development of bio circular economy in Zimbabwe. An audit of food waste generation and an inventory analysis of the prevailing food waste management practices at three selected hotels was undertaken. The greenhouse gas emissions from the prevailing disposal of food waste at dumpsites and the proposed biological treatment of food waste were evaluated using the Tier 1 FOD method and Tier 1 method of biological treatment using the 2019 refined 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines. Environmental life cycle assessment was also conducted for the open dumping, composting, and anaerobic digestion. The average food waste generation within the Zimbabwean hospitality industry was estimated at 1.63 kg/guest/day, with a minimum and maximum of 1.01 and 2.25 kg/guest/day, respectively. Source-separated food waste is currently being collected indiscriminately by municipal waste collection trucks for final disposal at the official landfills or dumpsites. This calls for the need for an offtake system of the source-separated food waste in the form of composting or anaerobic digestion. Study results showed that the disposal of food waste at solid waste disposal sites contributes to the highest greenhouse gas emissions, followed by composting with a 75% reduction in greenhouse emissions. Anaerobic digestion brings about a maximum reduction in greenhouse emissions of 97%. Environmental life cycle assessment results also show that anaerobic digestion is the best method leading to net negative environmental impacts.
How to Be an Atomist Without Being an Externalist
Authors: Collins John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtomism and externalism tend to be allied in accounts of both word meaning and
concepts. The paper argues that they should be separated as regards word meanings.
There is a clear and significant way of being an atomist that is non-committal about
externalism. In the realm of word meaning, this brand of atomism simply separates the
relation of a word to a root concept, which can be atomic, from what, if anything,
putting that concept to use allows a speaker to talk about. More centrally, arguments
from polysemy and copredication pose a severe challenge to externalism but are
consistent with the brand of atomism advertised.
Repeatable patterns in the distribution of freshwater biodiversity indicators across contrasting landscapes
Authors: Law Alan , Baker Ambroise , Sayer Carl D. , Foster Garth , Gunn Iain D. M. , Macadam Craig R. , Willby Nigel J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Context
Freshwater biodiversity is declining at unparalleled rates, but fundamental questions remain over how it is distributed at the spatial scales most relevant for conservation management.

Objectives
Here, we test the hypothesis that freshwater biodiversity is distributed across standing waterbody types in a pattern that is reproducible across disparate biota and contrasting landscapes, such that conservation efforts can be aligned across landscapes and taxa.

Methods
We analysed the richness, composition and distribution of macrophytes, molluscs, beetles and odonates from 199 standing waterbodies (lakes, ponds, ditches and canals) nested within UK landscapes with contrasting dominant land use (agricultural, upland and suburban).

Results
We found a common pattern in the distribution of our biodiversity indicators across waterbody types in all landscapes that was largely repeated across biota; lakes consistently had the highest or equal alpha diversity and supported a greater proportion of the sampled species pool in each landscape (mean = 86%) in comparison to ponds (74%). Landscape-specific waterbody types (ditches and canals) also contributed significantly to the regional species pool (69 and 33% respectively). Each waterbody type contributed uniquely to landscape biodiversity and usually species of conservation concern, rather than simply supporting a subset of ubiquitous species found in lakes.

Conclusions
Landscape-wide management strategies that encompass multiple habitats and biota should prove advantageous and generalisable. However, our study landscapes suggest that long-term biodiversity conservation should also recognise lakes as a priority for nature recovery, both to minimise further losses and to maintain the largest reservoir of biodiversity.
The Shadow of the Financial Crisis: Socio-Economic and Welfare Policy Development and Fear of Crime in Europe. A Random Effects Within-Between Model Analysis of the European Social Survey, 2002–2018
Authors: Natter Lisa Marie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous cross-sectional research has found large cross-country differences in crime-related feelings of insecurity associated not with crime rates but with welfare state policies reflecting that fear of crime serves as an expression of generalized social insecurities. The financial crisis plunged European societies into a period of severe socio-economic insecurities. Against this backdrop, I use hybrid multilevel models to test hypotheses if changes in socio-economic conditions and social policies – in particular following the 2008 financial crisis – have affected feelings of insecurity in 27 European countries, using nine rounds of the European Social Survey. Most indicators except the homicide rate did not show significant effects on fear of crime in the longitudinal dimension. The consequences of the financial crisis for people’s well-being did not extend to fear of crime. Social expenditures in-kind for families and children showed the strongest association with fear of crime cross-sectionally but may lack the necessary country-level variation over time to produce significant effects. Mirroring research on generalized trust, fear of crime seems relatively stable over time and deeply associated with welfare state institutions.
Revisiting an argument against identity
Authors: Molto Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I consider Peter Geach (Rew Metaphys 21:2–12, 1967) infamous argument against the existence of an “absolute” identity relation. One objection to Geach’s argument which has been raised is that Geach claims that no characterization of “absolute” identity is possible, while ignoring the model-theoretic characterization (<x,x>: x D). I reconstruct Geach’s likely attitude towards the model-theoretic characterization of identity from Geach’s views on reference and the nature of domains of discourse. I argue that, while Geach does not have the resources to sustain his case for the conclusion that the relation of “absolute” identity does not exist, nevertheless, if his views about reference are correct, specifically, the view that terms can be simultaneously both singular and shared, this would still show something very interesting. It would show that, for some replacements for D, the relation (<x,x>: x D) is not a relation of identity. I then consider whether there is any support available for his account of reference. I finish by arguing that well-known examples of sentences involving copredication do provide prima facie support for Geach’s view.
From Neighborhood to Household: Connections Between Neighborhood Vacant and Abandoned Property and Family Violence
Authors: Fleckman Julia M. , Ford Julie , Eisenberg Sophia , Taylor Catherine A. , Kondo Michelle , Morrison Christopher N. , Branas Charles C. , Drury Stacy S. , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the USA and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship. Data were used from a longitudinal cohort of 218 maternal-child dyads in a southern US city known for elevated rates of violence. Women were matched on their propensity score, for living in a neighborhood with elevated vacant and cited properties. Analyses accounting for clustering in neighborhood and matched groups were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence and the potential mediating relationship of collective efficacy. The likelihood of experiencing child maltreatment at 12 months of age was more than twice as high for children living in neighborhoods with high vacant and cited property rates compared with women living in neighborhoods with fewer vacant and cited properties (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.31). Women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of vacant and cited properties were also more than twice as likely to report IPV (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.21, 5.25). Associations remained mostly stable after controlling for key covariates. Collective efficacy did not act as a mediator in the relationship between vacant and cited properties and family violence. Reducing neighborhood vacant and cited properties may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing family violence.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Onset, Development, and Disappearance Phases of Skin Eruptions in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Seirin-Lee Sungrim , Takahagi Shunsuke , Hide Michihiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a typical example of an intractable skin disease with no clear cause and significantly affects daily life of patients. Because CSU is a human-specific disease and lacks proper animal model, there are many questions regarding its pathophysiological dynamics. On the other hand, most clinical symptoms of urticaria are notable as dynamic appearance of skin eruptions called wheals. In this study, we explored dynamics of wheal by dividing it into three phases using a mathematical model: onset, development, and disappearance. Our results suggest that CSU onset is critically associated with endovascular dynamics triggered by basophils positive feedback. In contrast, the development phase is regulated by mast cell dynamics via vascular gap formation. We also suggest a disappearance mechanism of skin eruptions in CSU through an extension of the mathematical model using qualitative and quantitative comparisons of wheal expansion data of real patients with urticaria. Our results suggest that the wheal dynamics of the three phases and CSU development are hierarchically related to endovascular and extravascular pathophysiological networks.
Contrast-enhanced thin-slice abdominal CT with super-resolution deep learning reconstruction technique: evaluation of image quality and visibility of anatomical structures
Authors: Nakamoto Atsushi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Ota Takashi , Honda Toru , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Fukui Hideyuki , Kiso Kengo , Matsumoto Shohei , Kaketaka Koki , Tanigaki Takumi , Terashima Kei , Enchi Yukihiro , Kawabata Shuichi , Nakasone Shinya , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare image quality and visibility of anatomical structures on contrast-enhanced thin-slice abdominal CT images reconstructed using super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR), deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR), and hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) algorithms.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 54 consecutive patients who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT. Thin-slice images (0.5 mm thickness) were reconstructed using SR-DLR, DLR, and HIR. Objective image noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for liver parenchyma relative to muscle were assessed. Two radiologists independently graded image quality using a 5-point rating scale for image noise, sharpness, artifact/blur, and overall image quality. They also graded the visibility of small vessels, main pancreatic duct, ureters, adrenal glands, and right adrenal vein on a 5-point scale.

Results
SR-DLR yielded significantly lower objective image noise and higher CNR than DLR and HIR (P < .001). The visual scores of SR-DLR for image noise, sharpness, and overall image quality were significantly higher than those of DLR and HIR for both readers (P < .001). Both readers scored significantly higher on SR-DLR than on HIR for visibility for all structures (P < .01), and at least one reader scored significantly higher on SR-DLR than on DLR for visibility for all structures (P < .05).

Conclusion
SR-DLR reduced image noise and improved image quality of thin-slice abdominal CT images compared to HIR and DLR. This technique is expected to enable further detailed evaluation of small structures.