bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Data for Sound Policies: Toward Evidence-Informed Hearing Health Policies
Authors: Gutenberg Johanna , Katrakazas Panagiotis , Trenkova Lyubov , Murdin Louisa , Brdarić Dario , Koloutsou Nina , Ploumidou Katherine , Pontoppidan Niels Henrik , Laplante-Lévesque Ariane 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The scarcity of health care resources calls for their rational allocation, including within hearing health care. Policies define the course of action to reach specific goals such as optimal hearing health. The process of policy making can be divided into 4 steps: (a) problem identification and issue recognition, (b) policy formulation, (c) policy implementation, and (d) policy evaluation. Data and evidence, especially Big Data, can inform each of the steps of this process. Big Data can inform the macrolevel (policies that determine the general goals and actions), mesolevel (specific services and guidelines in organizations), and microlevel (clinical care) of hearing health care services. The research project EVOTION applies Big Data collection and analysis to form an evidence base for future hearing health care policies.

Method
The EVOTION research project collects heterogeneous data both from retrospective and prospective cohorts (clinical validation) of people with hearing impairment. Retrospective data from clinical repositories in the United Kingdom and Denmark will be combined. As part of a clinical validation, over 1,000 people with hearing impairment will receive smart EVOTION hearing aids and a mobile phone application from clinics located in the United Kingdom and Greece. These clients will also complete a battery of assessments, and a subsample will also receive a smartwatch including biosensors. Big Data analytics will identify associations between client characteristics, context, and hearing aid outcomes.

Results
The evidence EVOTION will generate is relevant especially for the first 2 steps of the policy-making process, namely, problem identification and issue recognition, as well as policy formulation. EVOTION will inform microlevel, mesolevel, and macrolevel of hearing health care services through evidence-informed policies, clinical guidelines, and clinical care.

Conclusion
In the future, Big Data can inform all steps of the hearing health policy-making process and all levels of hearing health care services.
An Application of the Medical Research Council's Guidelines for Evaluating Complex Interventions: A Usability Study Assessing Smartphone-Connected Listening Devices in Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Maidment David W. , Ferguson Melanie 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide an example of the Medical Research Council's guidelines for evaluating complex health care interventions in the context of smartphone-connected listening devices in adults with hearing loss.MethodTwenty existing hearing aid users trialed 1 of the following smartphone-connected listening devices: made-for-smartphone hearing aids, a personal sound amplification product, and a smartphone “hearing aid” application used with either wireless or wired earphones. Following 2 weeks of use in their everyday lives, participants completed self-report outcome measures.ResultsRelative to conventional hearing aids, self-reported use, benefit, and satisfaction were higher, and residual disability was lower for made-for-smartphone hearing aids. The converse was found for the other smartphone-connected listening devices trialed. Similarly, overall usability was judged to be “above average” for the made-for-smartphone hearing aids, but “below average” for the remaining devices.ConclusionsThis developmental work, guided by the Medical Research Council's framework, lays the foundation for feasibility and pilot studies, leading to high-quality research assessing the effectiveness of smartphone-connected listening devices. This future evidence is necessary to guide health care commissioners and policymakers when considering new service delivery models for adults living with hearing loss.
Toward Better Outcomes in Audiology Distance Education: An Educational Data Mining Approach
Authors: Penteado Bruno Elias , Paiva Paula Maria Pereira , Morettin-Zupelari Marina , Isotani Seiji , Ferrari Deborah Viviane 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis article introduces concepts and a general taxonomy used by the educational data mining (EDM) community, as well as examples of their applications, with the aims of providing audiology educators with a referential basis for developing this area.MethodA narrative review was carried out to present an overview of EDM and its main methods. Some of these methods were exemplified with analysis of real data from an Internet-based specialization course on pediatric auditory rehabilitation.ResultsThe review introduced EDM main concepts and applications and described methods from its area. Real data examples illustrated EDM use to predict interpersonal help-seeking, model interpersonal interaction, analyze students' trajectories within a course's module, and understand how students approached group assignments. Some of the insights provided by EDM to support teaching and learning processes were also described.ConclusionsEDM methods offer new tools to discover knowledge from digital traces (i.e., logs) and support key stakeholders (students, instructors, or course administrators) to raise awareness about course dynamics. This approach has the potential to foster a better understanding and management of educational processes in audiology distance education.
The Intensive Cognitive-Communication Rehabilitation Program for Young Adults With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Gilmore Natalie , Ross Katrina , Kiran Swathi 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of an intensive cognitive-communication rehabilitation (ICCR) program for young individuals with chronic acquired brain injury.

Method
ICCR included classroom lectures; metacognitive instruction, modeling, and application; technology skills training; and individual cognitive–linguistic therapy. Four individuals participated in the intensive program (6 hr with 1-hr lunch break × 4 days × 12 weeks of treatment): 3 participants completed 3 consecutive semesters, and 1 participant completed 1 semester. Two controls did not receive treatment and completed assessments before and after the 12-week treatment interval only.

Results
All 4 experimental participants demonstrated significant improvements on at least 1 standardized cognitive–linguistic measure, whereas controls did not. Furthermore, time point significantly predicted participants' scores on 2 of the 4 standardized outcome measures, indicating that as duration in ICCR increased, scores also increased. Participants who completed multiple semesters of ICCR also improved in their therapy and personal goals, classroom behavior, life participation, and quality of life.

Conclusion
After ICCR, participants showed gains in their cognitive–linguistic functioning, classroom participation, and individual therapy. They also demonstrated improvements outside the classroom and in their overall well-being. There is a gap between the large population of young adults with acquired brain injury who wish to return to higher education and a lack of rehabilitation programs supporting reentry into academic environments; ICCR is a first step in reducing that gap.
Concerning the occurrence of bow shocks around high-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Prišegen M. 
Published: November 2018

Context.We investigate the occurrence of stellar bow shocks around high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Galaxy.Aims.We seek to conduct a survey of HMXBs in the mid-infrared to search for the presence of bow shocks around these objects.Methods.Telescopes operating in the mid-infrared, such as theSpitzerSpace Telescope or Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), are potent tools for searching for the stellar bow shocks. We used the available archival data from these telescopes to search for bow shock candidates around the confirmed and candidate HMXBs in the Galaxy.Results.We detected extended mid-infrared structures around several surveyed confirmed and candidate HMXBs. Two of these structures, associated with Vela X-1 and 4U 1907+09, are genuine bow shocks that have been studied previously. However, there are no new unambiguous bow shocks among the rest of the objects. The paucity of bow shocks around HMXBs suggests that the majority of these systems still reside within hot, low-density bubbles around their parent star clusters or associations. This also implies that the dynamical ejection of massive binaries is apparently less efficient than the ejections caused by the supernova explosions inside a binary.
Mass and shape of the Milky Way’s dark matter halo with globular clusters from Gaia and Hubble
Authors: Posti Lorenzo , Helmi Amina 
Published: November 2018

Aims. We estimate the mass of the inner (< 20 kpc) Milky Way and the axis ratio of its inner dark matter halo using globular clusters as tracers. At the same time, we constrain the distribution in phase-space of the globular cluster system around the Galaxy.
Methods. We use the Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue of 75 globular clusters’ proper motions and recent measurements of the proper motions of another 20 distant clusters obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We describe the globular cluster system with a distribution function (DF) with two components: a flat, rotating disc-like one and a rounder, more extended halo-like one. While fixing the Milky Way’s disc and bulge, we let the mass and shape of the dark matter halo and we fit these two parameters, together with six others describing the DF, with a Bayesian method.
Results. We find the mass of the Galaxy within 20 kpc to be M(<20 kpc) = 1.91−0.17+0.18×1011 M⊙, of which MDM(<20 kpc) = 1.37−0.17+0.18×1011 M⊙ is in dark matter, and the density axis ratio of the dark matter halo to be q = 1.30 ± 0.25. Assuming a concentration-mass relation, this implies a virial mass Mvir = 1.3±0.3×1012 M⊙. Our analysis rules out oblate (q <  0.8) and strongly prolate halos (q >  1.9) with 99% probability. Our preferred model reproduces well the observed phase-space distribution of globular clusters and has a disc component that closely resembles that of the Galactic thick disc. The halo component follows a power-law density profile ρ ∝ r−3.3, has a mean rotational velocity of Vrot ≃ −14km s−1 at 20 kpc, and has a mildly radially biased velocity distribution (β ≃ 0.2 ± 0.07, which varies significantly with radius only within the inner 15 kpc). We also find that our distinction between disc and halo clusters resembles, although not fully, the observed distinction in metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −0.8) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −0.8) cluster populations.
Comparison of the Effects of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Administrations on Peripheral Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats with Gliclazide or Methylcobalamin
Authors: Yao Hongping , Feng Juanyi , Zheng Qiaowei , Wei Youxia , Yang Guangde , Feng Weiyi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjective To observe the differences in curative effects between prophylactic and therapeutic administrations of Gliclazide (GLZ) or Methylcobalamin (MCA) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats.Methods GLZ (25 mg/kg/day) or MCA (175 μg/kg/day) was orally administrated prophylactically to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 8 weeks before diabetic peripheral neuropathy developed or administrated therapeutically after diabetic peripheral neuropathy developed, respectively. The motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCV), aldose reductase (AR) activities, the polyol contents and antioxidative enzyme activities in the sciatic never tissues were determined. The morphology of sciatic never tissues was observed.Results In comparison to vehicle, most of the changes in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats (e. g., delayed MNCV, altered/damaged nerve structure, enhanced AR activity, increased polyol contents, altered Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase activities, and elevated malondialdehyde level) were significantly ameliorated by prophylactic administration with either GLZ or MCA. In contrast, only few of above-mentioned parameters were alleviated in DPN rats by therapeutic administration with GLZ or MCA as compared to vehicle. The curative effects of GLZ or MCA prophylactic administration on MNCV, AR activity, polyol contents and antioxidative enzyme activities were markedly stronger than therapeutic administration.Conclusion Prophylactic administration of GLZ or MCA was superior to the therapeutic administration in alleviation of diabetic neuropathy in STZ-rats, suggesting that pharmacotherapy should be initiated at a much earlier stage before diabetic neuropathy developed, but not at a later stage after never damage reached.
Zusammenhang zwischen der Einnahme von Lithium und neuroradiologischen Veränderungen bei der bipolar affektiven Störung: Gibt es Hinweise auf ein klinisches Ansprechen?
Authors: Hamm Carlo , Queissner Robert , Pilz Rene , Birner Armin , Platzer Martina , Fellendorf Frederike , Maget Alexander , Bengesser Susanne , Dalkner Nina , Reininghaus Bernd , Reininghaus Eva 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungZur Vermeidung affektiver Krankheitsphasen im Rahmen der bipolar affektiven Störung erfolgt die psychopharmakologische Behandlung mittels sogenannter Phasenprophylaktika. Traditionell werden unter diesem Begriff die Wirkstoffe Lithium, Valproat, Lamotrigin und Carbamazepin zusammengefasst. Moderne Therapiekonzepte zur Phasenprophylaxe berücksichtigen ebenfalls Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation. In dieser Literaturrecherche sollen die Zusammenhänge zwischen den biologischen Veränderungen des Gehirns und der Einnahme von Lithium dargestellt werden. Hierbei werden Daten aus makrostruktureller, mikrostruktureller und spektroskopischer Bildgebung angeführt.Daten zu Veränderungen der Makrostruktur unter Lithiumtherapie sind quantitativ am stärksten untersucht. So scheint Lithium im Zusammenhang mit einer Vergrößerung des Volumens von kortikaler und subkortikaler grauer Substanz zu stehen. Des Weiteren zeigt sich unter Lithiumtherapie eine geringradigere mikrosturkurelle Veränderung in Marklageralrealen was auf einen möglichen neuroprotektiven Effekt von Lithium zurückzuführen sein könnte. An Hand der 7-Lithium-MR-Spektroskopie konnte gezeigt werden, dass remittierte und nicht-remittierte Patientinnen und Patienten signifikante intrazerebrale Konzentrationsunterschiede aufzeigen.Präklinische Daten weisen auf lithiuminduzierte promitotische, als auch antiapoptotische Mechanismen hin und stützen somit die Hypothese eines volumenerhaltenden Effektes mittels Neurogenese. Jedoch könnten hinsichtlich des Lithiums auch osmotische und physikalische Effekte maßgebliche Ursachen für die Volumenzunahme in der makrostrukturellen Bildgebung bilden.Das mehrheitliche Vorhandensein von Querschnittsstudien zu dieser Thematik und kleine Kohortengrößen stellen typische Limitationen der untersuchten Studien dar.Hinsichtlich der Forschung zum Lithiummetabolismus könnte insbesondere die 7-Lithium-Spektroskopie zukünftig eine Methode darstellen, um diesbezügliche pharmakokinetische Unterschiede zwischen remittierten und nicht-remittierten Patienten aufzuklären.
Aerosolcharakteristika ausgewählter Druckluftvernebler für Erwachsene in Simulationsmodellen und Verneblung von Salbutamol
Authors: Walz-Jung H. , Krämer I. , Kamin W. 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Der Erfolg einer Inhalationstherapie wird durch Menge und Qualität des inhalierten Aerosols bestimmt. Die Auswahl eines Verneblers bedarf der Kenntnis der entsprechenden Aerosolcharakteristika.
Methoden Die Aerosolperformance von 9 marktüblichen Druckluftverneblern wurde in vitro in 2 Simulationsmodellen geprüft. Salbutamol (Sultanol forte® Fertiginhalat 2,5 mg/2,5 ml; GSK) wurde über 4 Minuten vernebelt. Die Outputparameter wurden mit dem Atemzugsimulator PARI Compas II (Erwachsenenmanöver nach Ph.Eur.9.0; n = 5/6 Verneblungen) und die aerodynamische Partikelgrößenverteilung mit dem Next Generation Impaktor (Ph.Eur.9.0, Copley Scientific; n = 3 Verneblungen) per HPLC bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Die Vernebler generierten deutlich unterschiedliche Abgaberaten und Aerosolspektren. Die Drug Delivery Rate (DDR) variierte zwischen 196 µg/min (PARI LC Sprint (blau)) und 67 µg/min (MIDINEB). Die aus DDR und Feinpartikelanteil ≤ 5 µm berechnete intrapulmonal deponierte Aerosolmenge (Respirable Drug Delivery Rate, RDDR) variierte um den Faktor 3,5.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse der In-vitro-Untersuchungen können unterstützend zur Auswahl eines geeigneten Druckluftverneblers genutzt werden. Für eine effektive Therapie und gute Compliance sollte ein Vernebler mit einer hohen RDDR gewählt werden.
Folsäure-Einnahme bei Berliner Frauen in Abhängigkeit vom sozioökonomischen Status
Authors: Birkenberger Annabelle , Henrich Wolfgang , Chen Frank 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Adäquate Serumfolatspiegel vor und in der Schwangerschaft tragen zur Reduktion des Risikos für einen Neuralrohrdefekt beim ungeborenen Kind bei. Viele Schwangere nehmen Folsäure ein, die wenigsten jedoch wie empfohlen schon präkonzeptionell. Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine Bestandsaufnahme des Einnahmeverhaltens unter schwangeren Frauen und Wöchnerinnen in Berlin.
Methodik Mithilfe eines Fragebogens wurden Schwangere und Wöchnerinnen anonym über eine etwaige Folsäuresubstitution befragt. Es erfolgte eine logistische Regressionsanalyse, um unabhängige Assoziationen zwischen mutmaßlichen Prädiktor-Variablen und der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Folsäure-Einnahme während der Schwangerschaft zu ermitteln.
Ergebnisse 90,7% (n=1069) der Frauen hatten zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt in der Schwangerschaft Folsäure eingenommen, 37,8% (n=445) wie empfohlen präkonzeptionell. Frauen substituieren häufiger präkonzeptionell Folsäure, wenn sie ihre Schwangerschaft geplant haben und je besser gebildet, besser verdienend und älter sie sind. Frauen mit nicht-deutscher Staatsbürgerschaft oder Sprachkenntnis nahmen signifikant seltener Folsäure ein als deutsche Frauen. Bildung, Verdienst und vorherige Schwangerschaftsplanung sind unabhängige Prädiktoren für eine präkonzeptionelle Folsäureeinnahme.
Schlussfolgerung Fast zwei Drittel aller schwangeren Frauen nehmen zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem sie es am ehesten benötigen, nicht genügend Folsäure zu sich, und zwar v. a. die Frauen, die wenig Geld verdienen, einen niedrigen Bildungsstatus haben, sehr jung sind, ihre Schwangerschaft nicht planten, kein Deutsch sprechen und/oder eine andere Staatsbürgerschaft haben.
An international study on the use of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the management of esophageal diverticula: the first multicenter D-POEM experience
Authors: Yang Juliana , Zeng Xianhui , Yuan Xianglei , Chang Kenneth , Sanaei Omid , Fayad Lea , Kumbhari Vivek , Singh Vikesh , Kalloo Anthony , Hu Bing , Khashab Mouen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to report a novel, multicenter experience with the diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy (D-POEM) technique in the management of esophageal diverticula.
Methods This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study involving three centers. D-POEM was performed using the principles of submucosal endoscopy.
Results A total of 11 patients with an esophageal diverticulum (Zenker’s 7, mid-esophagus 1, epiphrenic 3) were included. The mean size of the esophageal diverticula was 34.5 mm. The overall technical success rate of D-POEM was 90.9 %, with a mean procedure time of 63.2 minutes. There were no adverse events. Clinical success was achieved in 100 % (10 /10), with a decrease in mean dysphagia score from 2.7 to 0.1 (P < 0.001) during a median follow-up of 145 days (interquartile range 126 – 273).
Conclusion Endoscopic management of esophageal diverticula using the novel technique of D-POEM appears promising. This first case series on D-POEM suggests that the procedure is feasible, safe, and effective in the management of esophageal diverticula. D-POEM offers the distinct advantage of ensuring a complete septotomy. Larger studies are needed to confirm these intriguing results.
Electronic Collection of Multilingual Patient-Reported Outcomes across Europe
Authors: Soto-Rey I. , Rehr M. , Bruland P. , Zeidler C. , Riepe C. , Steinke S. , Ständer S. , Dugas M. , Storck M. 
Published: November 2018

Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are information provided directly by patients that helps in improving patient diagnosis and treatment. Validated translations of PROs can be used to treat international patients. Electronic systems and especially mobile devices provide a great opportunity for their collection; however, these systems are normally study-oriented and therefore single language, not scalable, and not interoperable.
Objectives This article reports the development of a multicenter, multilingual, and interoperable electronic PRO (ePRO) system and evaluates its user satisfaction in an international clinical study.
Methods The ePRO named “MoPat2” was developed using Java 8 and jQuery Mobile 1.4.5. The system was evaluated in the context of the European dermatology project “European Network on Assessment of Severity and Burden of Pruritus”(PruNet), which aimed to unify the assessment of itch in routine dermatological care in Europe. Twenty-six clinicians and 468 patients from 8 European clinical centers were asked to complete a user satisfaction questionnaire regarding the use of MoPat2 with a tablet personal computer. The results were then analyzed and correlated with the age, gender, and language of the respondents.
Results MoPat2 was enhanced with multilingual capabilities and is now able to conduct surveys in several languages, as well as store and display the results in the local language. The interviewed clinicians rated the system with an average score of 2.0 (“good”) in a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Note that 93.9% of the patients (439 of 468) reported having got on well using the system and 88.9% (416 of 456) would be willing to further use it. The age of the patients not willing to further use MoPat2 was, in average, considerably higher than the age of patients willing to use the system.
Conclusions This study represents the first use of an ePRO system for the collection of multilingual PROs in an international, multicenter setting. MoPat2 has been evaluated by both clinicians and patients in the context of a European dermatological study, resulting in a high user satisfaction. The system will be further developed to include new features such as patient follow-ups outside of the clinical setting.
Testing the retroelement invasion hypothesis for the emergence of the ancestral eukaryotic cell
Authors: Lee Gloria , Sherer Nicholas A. , Kim Neil H. , Rajic Ema , Kaur Davneet , Urriola Niko , Martini K. Michael , Xue Chi , Goldenfeld Nigel , Kuhlman Thomas E. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Phylogenetic evidence suggests that a factor in the emergence of the ancestral eukaryotic cell may have been selection pressure resulting from invasion and proliferation of retroelements. Here we experimentally determine the effects of a retroelement invasion on genetically simple host organisms, and we demonstrate theoretically that the observed effects are sufficient to explain their observed rarity in bacteria. We also show that nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), a mechanism of DNA repair found in all extant eukaryotes, but only some bacteria, significantly enhances the efficiency of retrotransposition and the effects of retroelements on the host. We hypothesize that the interplay of NHEJ and retroelements may have played a previously unappreciated role in the evolution of advanced life.