bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell receptor sequencing demonstrates persistence of virus‐specific T cells after antiviral immunotherapy
Authors: Keller Michael D. , Darko Sam , Lang Haili , Ransier Amy , Lazarski Christopher A. , Wang Yunfei , Hanley Patrick J. , Davila Blachy J. , Heimall Jennifer R. , Ambinder Richard F. , Barrett A. John , Rooney Cliona M. , Heslop Helen E , Douek Daniel C. , Bollard Catherine M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryViral infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adoptive cellular therapy with virus‐specific T cells (VSTs) has been successful in preventing or treating targeted viruses in prior studies, but the composition of ex vivo expanded VST and the critical cell populations that mediate antiviral activity in vivo are not well defined. We utilized deep sequencing of the T‐cell receptor beta chain (TCRB) in order to classify and track VST populations in 12 patients who received VSTs following HSCT to prevent or treat viral infections. TCRB sequencing was performed on sorted VST products and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples. TCRB diversity was gauged using the Shannon entropy index, and repertoire similarity determined using the Morisita–Horn index. Similarity indices reflected an early change in TCRB diversity in eight patients, and TCRB clonotypes corresponding to targeted viral epitopes expanded in eight patients. TCRB repertoire diversity increased in nine patients, and correlated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load following VST infusion (P = 0·0071). These findings demonstrate that allogeneic VSTs can be tracked via TCRB sequencing, and suggests that T‐cell receptor repertoire diversity may be critical for the control of CMV reactivation after HSCT.
Are Cecropia trees ecosystem engineers? The effect of decomposing Cecropia leaves on arthropod communities
Authors: Breviglieri Crasso Paulo B. , Romero Gustavo Q. , Mega Augusto César G. , da Silva Fernando R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEcosystem engineers structure species richness and the composition of biological communities. Although several studies have uncovered the importance of engineering environments, few studies have evaluated the effect of pioneering plants as ecosystem engineers, especially in tropical environments. When dead, Cecropia leaves become architecturally complex, acquiring a tridimensional shape due to desiccation, and may facilitate other organisms. Here, we evaluate the role of these dead leaves in structuring species richness, abundance, biomass, and composition of macroinvertebrate communities on leaf litter in six protected areas of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Predators were larger, more abundant, and presented higher standing stock in the presence of dead Cecropia leaves compared to soil debris (i.e., common leaf litter); however, detritivores had the opposite patterns. This resulted in shifts in body size structure of the assemblage, thus causing inversion of biomass pyramids to top‐heavy in advanced stages of Cecropia leaves desiccation. Dead Cecropia leaves did not influence species richness and abundance of species, but they influenced the biomass of detritivores and predators in the communities. Our results demonstrated that pioneer trees can act as ecosystem engineers, by facilitating communities of invertebrate predators. In addition, our results suggest that the presence of Cecropia leaves can mediate trophic interactions and shape food web structure on the forest floor.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Differences in carbon stocks along an elevational gradient in tropical mountain forests of Colombia
Authors: Phillips Juan , Ramirez Sebastian , Wayson Craig , Duque Alvaro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTropical mountain forests provide an exceptional opportunity to evaluate the patterns of variation in carbon stocks along elevational gradients that correspond to well‐defined temperature gradients. We predicted that carbon stored in live aboveground biomass, aboveground necromass, and soil components of forests on the eastern flank of the Colombian Andes would change with elevation along this gradient extending from 750 to 2,800 m above sea level. The rationale was that the corresponding change in temperature (14–26°C) would influence tree growth and decomposition of organic matter. To address this hypothesis, we examined the carbon stored in these three components using data from 20 0.25‐ha plots located along this elevational gradient. The mean total carbon stock found in the study region was 241.3 ± 37.5 Mg C/ha. Aboveground carbon stocks decreased with elevation (p = 0.001), as did necromass carbon stocks (p = 0.016). Although soil organic carbon stocks did not differ significantly along the gradient (p = 0.153), they contributed proportionately more at higher than at lower elevations, counterbalancing the opposite trends in aboveground carbon and necromass carbon stocks. As such, total carbon stocks did not vary significantly along the elevational gradient (p = 0.576).
Color information from linked color imaging is associated with invasion depth and vascular diameter in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichi , Miyahara Ryoji , Funasaka Kohei , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Sawada Tsunaki , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Kawashima Hiroki , Nakaguro Masato , Okumura Yuki , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesAccurate diagnosis of invasion depth is important for reliable treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but it is limited to the muscularis mucosae to slight submucosal invasion (MM/SM1). The diagnostic accuracy of invasion depth is unsatisfactory and remains to be improved. We aimed to investigate the association between the color of the superficial ESCC and invasion depth using linked color imaging (LCI) under light‐emitting diode (LED) light sources.MethodsLesions diagnosed as superficial ESCC were observed using white light imaging and then by LCI. The color values were calculated using Commission Internationale de l'Eclariage – L*a*b* color space, and the color difference was calculated according to invasion depth. The vascular diameters and vascular angles of the intrapapillary capillary loops were pathologically analyzed. Their correlation with mucosal color was also investigated by LCI.ResultsIn all, 52 lesions from 48 patients were analyzed. On the basis of invasion depth, the color difference between the normal mucosa and the lesion was larger in the MM/SM1 or deeper group than in the epithelium and the lamina propria mucosa (EP/LPM) group using LCI (P = 0.025). The vascular diameter was positively correlated with the b* color value (correlation coefficient = 0.302, P = 0.033).ConclusionObservation using LCI under LED light sources may improve the endoscopic diagnosis of the invasion depth of superficial ESCC. Further research is needed to validate its usefulness. (UMIN000024615)
The highest Dutch courts and the preliminary ruling procedure: Critically obedient interlocutors of the Court of Justice
Authors: Krommendijk Jasper 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the motives of national courts to request a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) or their satisfaction with and implementation of answers. This article aims to fill this empirical gap on the basis of an analysis of judgments complemented with interviews with judges of the highest courts in the Netherlands. This article shows that judges extensively use the procedure and follow its outcome almost without exception, despite some dissatisfaction. This discontent has surprisingly not affected the courts' willingness to refer in future. The findings also downplay the bureaucratic politics and judicial empowerment theses emphasising strategic motives to refer. Instead, legal‐formalist considerations and the desire to contribute to the development of EU law explain most of the references of the Dutch Supreme Court. The decision (not) to refer of the three highest administrative courts is primarily based on practical and pragmatic considerations.
State aid control in the modernisation era: Moving towards a differentiated administrative integration?
Authors: Colombo Carlo Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite contentions that state aid control is an instance of direct execution, the State Aid Modernisation (SAM) package has largely dispersed responsibility for giving effect to the common legal framework across national administrations. In this setup, the effectiveness of state aid law is confronted with asymmetric capacities, diffuse application of complex rules and difficulty in keeping dispersed powers under control. This article combines selected evidence on the operation of state aid control with a multidisciplinary analysis of the functioning of integration mechanisms in the European administrative space. The aim is to examine the potential effects of SAM. It contends that, while the reform has strengthened the Commission's dominance, the instruments of administrative integration might fail to secure adequate capacities and implementation performances at national level, due to constitutional constraints and opposing forces. This effect, it is argued, could be divisive, and risks undermining the integrity of the internal market.
The influence of oral health status on speech intelligibility, articulation and quality of life of older community‐dwelling people
Authors: Langlois Evelien , Desaeyer Hannah , Petrovic Mirko , Van Lierde Kristiane , De Visschere Luc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the oral health status on speech intelligibility, articulation and quality of life of older community‐dwelling people.BackgroundTo our knowledge, there have been no studies on this topic in patients aged 75 years or older.Material and methodsThirty outpatients of a university dental clinic (median [IQR] age of 77.00 [75‐82] years) participated. The OHIP‐14, a dental examination, a speech intelligibility study and an articulation examination were conducted.ResultsDistortions of rhotacisms and sigmatisms were most common, followed by distortions of labiodentals and apicoalveolars. Seven participants (23%) required dental treatment. Distortions of rhotacisms were lowest in participants with loss of teeth in the posterior part of the maxilla and equal in participants with edentulous maxilla and loss of teeth in the anterior part of the maxilla (P = 0.014). Labiodental distortions were lowest in participants with loss of teeth in the posterior part of the maxilla, but were higher in participants with loss of teeth in the anterior part of the maxilla and highest in participants with an edentulous maxilla (P = 0.035). People with normal mouth opening had lower percentage of labiodental distortions than people with a reduced mouth opening (P = 0.05). The proportion of participants with inadequate denture hygiene and distortions of bilabials was 71.4% compared to 10.5% for participants with adequate denture hygiene (P = 0.005).ConclusionDentists must consider the impact of a denture on speech, but also should be aware of other oral health factors that influence the speech and quality of life of elders.
The effect of different protein addition on the rheological, physical and sensory characteristics of extruded maize‐based purees
Authors: Sahagún Marta , Gómez Manuel 
Published: June 2019

SummaryOver last years, consumers demand products that are easy to eat with health benefits. The use of extruded flours would be a good choice to reduce the preparation time. Moreover, high protein intakes would have a positive influence on the health of specific population groups. Therefore, this study aims to assess how the addition of vegetal (rice and pea) and animal (egg white and whey) proteins could influence the characteristics of purees prepared with extruded maize flour. Rheological behaviour, microstructure, viscosity, syneresis and sensory evaluation of purees were determined. The incorporation of vegetal proteins hardly modified the puree viscosity before and after heating, and reduced the syneresis after the freeze–thaw process. Animal proteins reduced the viscosity and G′–G″ at 30 °C and increased them after heating, and also increased the syneresis after cooling and freezing. Finally, pea and egg white proteins hardly modified the overall acceptability while whey protein improved it.
Investigation of dielectric and piezoelectric properties in aliovalent Eu3+‐modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Guo Qinghu , Hou Lintao , Li Fei , Xia Fangquan , Wang Pengbin , Hao Hua , Sun Huajun , Liu Hanxing , Zhang Shujun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRare earth (Eu3+)‐modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated by high‐temperature solid‐state sintering, the phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Eu3+ addition was found to significantly improve dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PMN‐PT, where the optimized properties were achieved for the composition of 2.5 mol%Eu: 0.72PMN‐0.28PT, with the piezoelectric d33 = 1420 pC/N, dielectric εr = 12 200 and electromechanical k33 = 0.78, respectively. All these results indicate that the Eu3+‐doped PMN‐PT ceramics are promising candidates for high‐performance room‐temperature piezoelectric devices.
Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt?
Authors: Schrodt Franziska , Santos Maria J. , Bailey Joseph J. , Field Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlexander von Humboldt was arguably the most influential scientist of his day. Although his fame has since lessened relative to some of his contemporaries, we argue that his influence remains strong—mainly because his approach to science inspired others and was instrumental in furthering other scientific disciplines (such as evolution, through Darwin, and conservation science, through Muir)—and that he changed the way that large areas of science are done and communicated. Indeed, he has been called the father of a range of fields, including environmental science, earth system science, plant geography, ecology and conservation. His approach was characterized by making connections between non‐living and living nature (including humans), based on interdisciplinary thinking and informed by large amounts of data from systematic, accurate measurements in a geographical framework. Although his approach largely lacked an evolutionary perspective, he was fundamental to creating the circumstances for Darwin and Wallace to advance evolutionary science. He devoted considerable effort illustrating, communicating and popularizing science, centred on the excitement of pure science. In biogeography, his influence remains strong, including in relating climate to species distributions (e.g. biomes and latitudinal and elevational gradients) and in the use of remote sensing and species distribution modelling in macroecology. However, some key aspects of his approach have faded, particularly as science fragmented into specific disciplines and became more reductionist. We argue that asking questions in a more Humboldtian way is important for addressing current global challenges. This is well‐exemplified by researching links between geodiversity and biodiversity. Progress on this can be made by (a) systematic data collection to improve our knowledge of biodiversity and geodiversity around the world; (b) improving our understanding of the linkages between biodiversity and geodiversity; and (c) developing our understanding of the interactions of geological, biological, ecological, environmental and evolutionary processes in biogeography.
The ecological biogeography of indigenous and introduced Antarctic springtails
Authors: Baird Helena P. , Janion‐Scheepers Charlene , Stevens Mark I. , Leihy Rachel I. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated turnover and richness in Antarctic springtails to understand large‐scale patterns in soil faunal diversity and how these are altered by biological invasions.LocationAntarctica and the Southern Ocean Islands.TaxonCollembola (springtails).MethodsWe developed a database of all springtail species recorded from the Antarctic region. The relationship of species richness and turnover to high‐resolution environmental data was explored using generalized linear models and generalized dissimilarity models, and compared among indigenous and introduced species. Endemicity and species turnover were assessed using beta‐diversity and multi‐site zeta diversity metrics to explore whether introduced species have homogenized assemblages across the region.ResultsIndigenous, endemic and introduced species richness covaried positively with temperature. Endemic richness was further related to thermal heterogeneity, and introduced species richness to human occupancy. Indigenous and introduced species richness covaried positively. Species turnover across the region was high, and the introduction of non‐indigenous species further differentiated assemblages. Species similarity between sites was not related to distance, nor was geographic isolation correlated with species richness. Assemblage turnover was influenced by the area and temperature range of islands.Main conclusionsEnergy availability appears to be the primary covariate of species richness, with human presence additionally influencing introduced species richness, in agreement with other soil‐dwelling taxa. Dispersal limitation surprisingly does not seem to be important in structuring these assemblages, nor does island age appear to affect richness; this may in part reflect the severe glacial history of the region. The differentiating effect of introduced species on assemblages suggests that anthropogenic introductions originate from distinct source pools, challenging common assumptions for the Antarctic. Positive covariance between indigenous and introduced species richness accords with the “rich get richer” hypothesis. Thus, the most biotically diverse terrestrial areas of Antarctica may be the most prone to future biological invasion.
A novel SGLT2 inhibitor, SU-011, improves glycaemic control in rodents without the risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain
Authors: Huang Fei , Dai Fuwei , Bi Jianhua , Hao Lanxiang , Wang Chunlei , Xu Ke , Liu Yanmei , Cheng Xingbo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the pharmacological characteristics of SU-011, a novel sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor.

Methods
The in vitro activities of SU-011 were investigated in cell-based assays. The urinary glucose excretion, glucose tolerance and the risk of hypoglycaemia were evaluated in mice. Moreover, the dose–response relationship and chronic pharmacological studies of SU-011 were assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model, a STZ-treated model with impaired insulin secretion.

Key findings
SU-011 is a potential SGLT2 inhibitor with 5.6 nm inhibitory activity for SGLT2 and 1137-fold selectivity for SGLT1. In healthy mice, SU-011 improves the tolerance to a glucose load and promotes the urinary glucose excretion. Besides, SU-011 (10 mg/kg) still exhibited less risk of hypoglycaemia. During chronic treatment, SU-011 exhibited sustained glucose-lowering effect without the side effect of weight gain in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The levels of non-fasting and fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, food and water intake were significantly decreased in SU-011-treated group. Moreover, SU-011 decreases the plasma levels of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein even better than that of dapagliflozin.

Conclusions
All of these results indicated that SU-011 may be effective for the management of diabetes.
Antioxidant and anticancer activity of synthesized 4-amino-5-((aryl substituted)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio-linked hydroxamic acid derivatives
Authors: Das Mousumi , Das Bhaskar , Samanta Amalesh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The antioxidant and anticancer activity of twelve 5-substituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-linked hydroxamic acid derivatives were evaluated.

Methods
Previously synthesized 2-((4-amino-5-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-hydroxyacetamide and 3-((4-amino-5-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-hydroxypropanamide (6a–6l) were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anticancer activity. MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HCT 116 cell lines were used to evaluate IC50 values, in vitro. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-induced mice model was used to evaluate in vivo anticancer potential. Different biological markers were examined for drug-related toxicities.

Key findings
Compound 6b revealed more potent antioxidant property among all tested compounds, even than the ascorbic acid. The IC50 values of compound 6b were found to be 5.71 ± 2.29 μg/ml (DPPH assay) and 4.12 ± 0.5 μg/ml (ABTS assay). Histopathology of liver sections of drug-treated mice was evaluated. Survival analysis showed that compound 6b could increase the life span as of the standard drug.

Conclusions
After the assessment of all in vivo anticancer study related data, it was found that compound 6b possess superior anticancer potency in terms of efficacy and toxicity. From this experimental design, it could be concluded that further modification of this prototypical structure will lead to develop more potent antioxidant as well as an anticancer agent in the future.
Supplementing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock diets with choline and methionine improves growth in offspring
Authors: Cleveland Beth M. , Leeds Timothy D. , Picklo Matthew J. , Brentesen Carley , Frost Jason , Biga Peggy R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNutritional programming represents the mechanism through which broodstock feeding strategies have lifelong effects on the offspring generation. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock diets with choline and methionine affects offspring growth performance. Experimental diets were produced by top‐dressing a commercial broodstock diet with (a) 12,000 ppm methionine, (b) 7,400 ppm choline, (c) 12,000 ppm methionine and 7,400 ppm choline, or (d) water (control). Six rainbow trout families were fed experimental diets beginning 18 months post‐hatch through spawning; the offspring consumed a commercial diet. The broodstock diet did not affect maternal body weight, body condition, egg size, or egg yield (p > .05). Eggs from choline‐treated broodstock contained 10% more choline than control eggs (p < .05). Offspring from choline‐treated broodstock were smaller than controls at 146 days post‐hatch (dph) (p < .05). At the final harvest (439 dph), offspring from the control broodstock weighed 12–18% less than offspring from broodstock consuming the supplemented diets (p < .05). However, there was a significant diet‐by‐family interaction on offspring growth (p < .05); supplemented diets improved performance in three of the six broodstock families. These findings indicate that supplementing broodstock diets with methionine and choline causes a nutritional programming effect that benefits growth in offspring.