bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Care Center of India
Authors: Ram Dharma , Rajappa Suhas Kodasoge , Babu Koyyala Venkata Pradeep , Chatterjee Smaranjeet , Bhakuni Yogendra Singh , Shukla Singh Himanshu Amitabh , Singh Amitabh , Rawal Sudhir 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContext: Small cell cancer of the urinary bladder. Aims: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological subtype, which is particularly aggressive and global literature available describing this entity is sparse. This review of our database was to evaluate clinicopathological and survival outcomes of these patients. Subjects and Methods: The present study was a retrospective analysis of patients with small cell bladder cancer for past 6 years at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, New Delhi. Results:: Most of the patients in our study presented with limited stage disease. The overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) was 49% and 51.07% at 2 years, respectively. Preoperative chemotherapy with surgical resection has shown significant survival and DFS benefit. Stage at presentation also affected the survival and DFS though it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Small cell bladder cancer is a rare disease with dismal prognosis. Multimodality treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be the preferred treatment for limited stage disease.
Role and Application of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Evaluation of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lahoti Amol Madanlal , Lakhotiya Ankita Ramprasad , Ingole Sarang Manohar , Dhok Avinash Parshuram , Mudaliar Prashant N 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an important part of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of specific organs, including the breast, kidney, liver, and prostate. Prostate cancer lesions are composed of tightly packed cells with reduced extracellular space, which can be visualized on DWIs as areas of restricted diffusion (i.e., high-signal intensity), with corresponding low-signal intensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and low mean ADC value. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the appropriate cutoff and mean ADC value to diagnose neoplastic prostatic lesions in central India. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients with suspected prostatic pathology were included in this study. All patients underwent MRI on a 1.5-T scanner with a phased-array body coil. MRIs were evaluated compared with the histopathological staging. Results:: The diagnostic accuracy of DWI in predicting malignancy was 39/41, i.e., 95.12%, which is the positive predicted value. The mean ADC for benign category was 1.14 with standard deviation (SD) of 0.14 while mean for prostatitis was 0.91 with SD of 0.26 and for carcinoma was 0.75 with SD of 0.19. The difference in the means was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: DWI demonstrates the restriction of diffusion and the reduction of ADC values in neoplastic tissue and improves the diagnostic accuracy in lesion characterization. This technique allows short acquisition time and provides high-contrast resolution between neoplastic and normal tissue. This technique can be a useful adjunct to the established dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI.
Regrounding Populism: Moving Beyond Questions of Definition and Content
Authors: Arnold Colin 
Published: August 2018

While conventional studies of electoral populism acknowledge that such mobilizations are linked tosignificant economic crises, their preoccupation with defining what exactly populism is often leads them to downplay the unified structural roots of different sorts of populistmobilizations. Thisessaypresents the beginnings of an alternative framework for the study of electoral populism that draws on the neo-Gramscian theory of political articulation that links studies of global economic crises with conventional theories of populism.While crisesare an endemic feature of global capitalism, their political manifestation is shaped bythe variedinstitutional structures and legacies in which they are translated.
Research Report—"Mapping Political Economies Over Time: Teaching Regional Systems Theory With G.W. Skinner’s Historical GIS Datasets”
Authors: Ryavec Karl E. , Henderson Mark 
Published: August 2018

This study documents an ongoing project compiling and publishing open access Historical GIS manuals, and associated datasets, for teaching the Regional Systems approach to mapping historical world economies to undergraduate and graduate students with no prior knowledge of GIS. Regional Systems Theory was pioneered by the anthropologist G. W. Skinner (lived 1925-2008) to map and measure the effects of economic systems on social and cultural processes over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The Early Career of Yamaguchi Katsuhiro: Vitrine Series in Historical Perspective
Authors: Omuka Toshiharu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article seeks to enhance our understanding of Japanese postwar art by focusing on the early career of Yamaguchi Katsuhiro, one of the major members of the famous 1950s avant garde group Jikken Kōbō (Experimental Workshop). This article also sheds light on the unique spatial environment of the artist’s house. His father had a two-story modernist study space built as an extension that was designed by the modernist painter Tōgō Seiji in the 1930s. This ultramodern house extension was a major influence on the work of the young Yamaguchi Katsuhiro. Another influence on Katsuhiro were postwar American art journals, which were full of information about new trends in the West and available to young Japanese artists through the Center of Information and Education Section established by the Americans.
Dietary analysis of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes in eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Dodd Raymond W. , Whidden Howard P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We performed a dietary analysis on 65 red foxes, 10 gray foxes, and 18 coyotes collected by hunters and trappers in Northampton County, PA, in the fall and winter of 2010–11 and 2011–12. Stomach contents were sorted into categories and frequency of item occurrence and dry mass for each category were determined for each sample. We used the Levins index of dietary breadth, the Shannon index for dietary diversity, and the Pianka index of dietary overlap to compare the diets of these three species. Although our results were generally consistent with other dietary analyses, we found a higher percentage occurrence of mammals for all three species than in most previous studies. We also found less dietary overlap between the two foxes and coyotes than has been reported previously, and little support for the suggestion that dietary overlap between coyotes and red foxes is suppressing red fox populations in Pennsylvania.
Impact of Rainforest Conversion on Surface Runoff and Soil Erosion in Nopu Upper Catchment of Central Sulawesi
Authors: Hidayat Yayat , Sinukaban Naik , Pawitan Hidayat , Tarigan Suria Darma 
Published: August 2018

Rainforest conversion into agricultural lands in Nopu Upper Catchment such as cocoa plantations, maizes, cassava, peanuts, and scrub and bush were significantly increase soil erosions and surface runoffs, which in turn will decrease crops productivity and hydrologic functions of watershed. Soil erosion from maize and peanut rotation plots are higher 2.061,8% than soil erosions from natural forest plots. Soil erosions are higher also in intercroping young age cocoa, maize and cassava plots and maize plots respectively 2.023,8% and 2.012,3%. Where as surface runoffs were increase up to 650,9% in medium age cocoa plots, 380,4% in intercroping young age cacao and cassava plots, and 347,1% in scrub and bush plots. The result of ANSWERS model simulation using daily C factors were indicate that rainforest conversion into agricultural lands in Nopu Upper Catchment causing soil and water loss respectively 3.190,5 ton/year and 115.441 m3/year. Application of agroforestry systems in agricultural lands which in line with reforestation in stream line area of Nopu river and steepy agricultural lands (slope > 40%) are effectively reduce soil erosions up to 77,6% compare to soil erosion from existing land uses.
Penggunaan Metode Bioassay untuk Mendeteksi Pergerakan Herbisida Pascatumbuh Paraquat dan 2,4-D dalam Tanah
Authors: Sriyani Nanik , Salam Abdul Kadir 
Published: August 2018

A simple and cheap method to detect herbicide residue in soil and water is urgently needed as the quantity and frequency of herbicide usage is steadily increasing in Indonesia which raises concern about the effects of herbicide residue in soil and water. This study is the third step from a series of studies aim to develop bioassay technique to detect the present and quantity of herbicides in soil and water. In this study, bioassay was used to detect movement of paraquat and 2,4-D herbicides in soil. Study was carried out using soil column method. Treatments were arranged factorially in a completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. Two ultisol soil types: Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) and Latosol Coklat (LC) and 2 post emergence herbicides: paraquat and 2,4-D, were tested. To calculate the amount of herbicide using bioassay, each standard curve for paraquat and 2,4-D were developed. Using these standard curves, the amount of paraquat and 2,4-D was calculated based on the growth rate of caisim as indicator plant. Results showed that bioassay method can be utilized to detect herbicide movement in soil. The amount and the rate of herbicide movement were determined by soil and herbicide types. In PMK, paraquat reached the depth of 20-30 cm at 2 weeks after application (WAA), however, after that the amount of paraquat found was very limited. In LC, the movement of paraquat was more limited compared to its movement in PMK. Paraquat reached soil depth of 10-20 cm at 2 WAA, afterward paraquat was only detected in soil depth of 0-10 cm. Similar pattern was observed for 2,4-D which reached soil depth of 30-40 cm at 1 WAA in PMK. In LC, 2,4-D movement was more limited. At 2 WAA, 2,4-D in LC reached soil depth of 30-40 cm in limited amount and after 12 WAA the herbicide was detected only at soil depth of 0-10 cm.
Methods for Delineating Degraded Land at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan Suria Darma 
Published: August 2018

Accurate information on the extent and spatial location of degraded lands is very important to plan their rehabilitation. So far, various institutions issue different estimation on the extent of degraded land in Indonesia led to big confusion for rehabilitation planning. Ministry of Forestry estimates around 30.2 million ha of degraded land both inside and outside forestry area throughout Indonesia based on data released in 2007. Ministry of Forestry implementes the so called scoring method in delineating degraded land. Criteria used in the scoring methods are: land cover, slope steepness, erosion, and management. Scoring method applies different weight to each of those criteria. This study aimed to analyze accuracy of scoring method and to compare it to propose alternative methods in delineating degraded land such as: a) Inconsistency of land use, and b) Combination of Inconsistency of land use and scoring method. The accuracy of these methods were obtained by comparing to the field observation. The slope map was derived from SRTM 30 m, soil map was obtained from Soil Research Institute and land cover/land use from Ministry for Environment. Using GIS analysis, those maps were used to compose land capability classification (LCC) and inconsistency of land use. The study showed that scoring method had 66% accuracy in delineating degraded land. When scoring method was combined with Inconsistency method the accuracy increased about 7%.Keywords: Degraded land; inconsistency of land use; land capability class; scoring method[How to Cite: Tarigan SD. 2012. Methods for Delineating Degraded Land at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 17 (3): 267-274. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.267][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.267]
UnMASking the diagnosis: Acute severe necrotizing pancreatitis in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Askin Cyrus Ashraf , Edelson Jerome Craig , Dooley Guy Smith , Stratton Amy Nicole 
Published: August 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common rheumatologic condition with known GI involvement. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare GI complication of SLE and is typically associated with increased disease activity. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an unusual, hyper-inflammatory response to a rheumatologic stimulus characterized by hyperferritinemia, pancytopenia, thermal dysregulation and multi-organ dysfunction. MAS, more commonly seen in children, has been reported to complicate both adult onset SLE and AP. We present a case of necrotizing AP secondary to an SLE flare complicated by MAS in an adult patient successfully treated with anakinra.
Accurate Implementation of Response Adaptive Randomization with Mass‐Weighted Urn Design
Authors: Zhao Wenle 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Response adaptive randomization has been used in both frequentist trials and Bayesian adaptive trials motivated by patient ethics and/or trial efficiency considerations. The desired treatment allocations obtained by response adaptive randomization algorithms are unequal, and often cannot be expressed with small integers. Complete randomization and permuted block design are the only two methods currently available for the implementation of these unequal response adaptive allocations, and neither of them can simultaneously ensure the allocation accuracy and allocation precision. The mass‐weighted urn design proposed by Zhao in 2015 provides a solution to target any unequal allocations, while maintaining a consistent treatment imbalance control. In this article, the operation and mathematical model of the mass‐weighted urn design is presented. Its performance is further assessed and compared with those of complete randomization and permuted block design via simulation studies.
Calibration of Prognostic Risk Scores
Authors: Calster Ben Van , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrognostic risk scores provide individualized risk estimates for an outcome (“event”) based on included covariates. Calibration indicates the extent to which risk estimates are reliable. We review four increasingly stringent definitions of calibration: mean, weak, moderate, and strong calibration. The latter requires that the risk model perfectly corresponds to the observed proportions for every single covariate pattern, and hence can be regarded as impossible to achieve in practice (“utopic”). We present an overview of methods to assess calibration, including goodness‐of‐fit tests, summary measures, and graphical procedures. We show that estimation and visualization of the degree of (mis)calibration is essential, whereas testing is problematic. We illustrate the methods with a case study on the prediction of the histology of retroperitoneal lymph nodes following chemotherapy for testicular cancer.
Statistics and Metrology
Authors: Possolo Antonio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetrology is the science of measurement, whose scope includes measurements made in all fields of science and technology, of properties that may be quantitative or qualitative. A measurement result comprises an estimate of the value of the property being measured and an evaluation of the associated measurement uncertainty. The concepts and tools of probability and statistics are used in metrology because measurement uncertainty typically is interpreted probabilistically, and statistical methods are used to estimate the true value of the property under measurement, and to evaluate the associated uncertainty. Measurement models represent the relationship between inputs (measurement data) and an output (value of the property being measured) and may be either measurement equations or observation equations (statistical models). Estimating the value of the property under measurement, and evaluating the associated uncertainty, depends on the measurement model, whose definition also may be surrounded by uncertainty. Many different probabilistic and statistical models and methods are used in metrology. This article includes applications of the Delta Method, the parametric statistical bootstrap, and random effects models in the context of measurement science.
Reduction of Dimensionality
Authors: Fattore Marco 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In data analysis, the expression “Reduction of dimensionality”, or “Dimensionality reduction”, refers to the process of mapping a set of high‐dimensional statistical units into a lower‐dimensional space, minimizing the approximation, or reconstruction, error and preserving, as much as possible, the structure and the features of the input data. Dimensionality reduction is usually performed in order to simplify multidimensional data, to clean them from noise, to visualize them, to identify patterns of statistical units, or as a preliminary step before other kinds of statistical analysis (e.g., prediction and supervised classification). Many different algorithms for dimensionality reduction exist; they differ as to the kind of input data (categorical, ordinal, or numerical), to the mathematical setting they are based on (e.g., linear and nonlinear procedures) and to the emphasis they put on minimizing the approximation error or on providing less precise but more easily interpretable results. Given the increasing availability of increasingly complex data systems, dimensionality reduction is often a key step in real‐world statistical and data science processes and is a lively area of multivariate statistical and machine learning research.
Collaborative learning effects when students have complete or incomplete knowledge
Authors: Retnowati Endah , Ayres Paul , Sweller John 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCognitive load theory was used to hypothesize that the effectiveness of collaborative learning is moderated by the completeness of the prerequisite knowledge bases of group members. It was predicted that when group members have gaps in their knowledge base that can be filled by other group members, collaborative is superior to individual learning. In contrast, if group members have no prerequisite knowledge gaps, then collaborative learning is redundant and as a consequence inferior to individual learning. To test these, 58 grade 7 Indonesian students were randomly assigned to work collaboratively or individually on intermediate mathematics problems, with either full knowledge or gaps in their knowledge base. The results indicated that with gaps, collaboration led to superior learning. However, with a more complete knowledge, individual learning was superior to collaborative learning due to redundancy effects. The results suggest that collaboration does not always lead to superior learning compared with individual study.
The use of episodic and semantic memory systems in classroom context regarding time delay and college experience level
Authors: Elibol‐Pekaslan Nur , Sahin‐Acar Basak 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to examine freshmen and senior college students' episodic and semantic memory use in classroom context regarding short and long time delays and college experience level. Data were collected in 2014 and 2017, right after students' final exams (T1) and 5 weeks later (T2). Students were given exemplar questions from their final exams and asked whether they remembered a specific learning episode (episodic memory), if they knew the information (semantic memory), or they guessed the answer while answering exam questions. Senior students in 2017 were asked the same set of questions that they had answered in 2014 as T3. The analyses revealed that the ratio of remember responses to all types of responses decreased within 3 years, whereas know ratio remained stable. Moreover, remember‐to‐know shift occurred only for senior students. This study is important for demonstrating endurance of semantic memory longitudinally, and salience of college experience level cohort sequentially.
Mimicking Human Pathophysiology in Organ‐on‐Chip Devices
Authors: Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem , Hassan Shabir , Miri Amir K. , Maharjan Sushila , Al‐kharboosh Rawan , Quiñones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConvergence of life sciences, engineering, and basic sciences has opened new horizons for biologically inspired innovations, and a considerable number of organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms have been developed for mimicking physiological systems of biological organs such as the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and gut. Various biophysicochemical factors can also be introduced into such organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms to study metabolic and systemic effects spanning from drug toxicity to different pathologic manifestations. There is also a pressing need to develop better disease models for common pathologies using variations of these platforms. This can be achieved by recapitulating the unique microenvironment of a disease to investigate the cause and development of abnormal conditions as well as the structural and functional changes resulting from such a pathology. In this review, the organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms that have been developed to model different pathologies of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, and digestive systems, along with cancer are summarized. Although the field is still in its infancy, it is anticipated that developing disease model‐on‐a‐chip platforms will likely be a valuable addition to the field of disease modeling, pathology studies, and improved drug discovery.
Bioinstructive Naringin‐Loaded Micelles for Guiding Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation
Authors: Lavrador Pedro , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNaringin is a naturally occurring flavanone with recognized neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, and antiosteoporotic properties. Herein, the delivery of Naringin‐loaded methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)–maleimide–thiol–poly(l‐lactide) (mPEGMSPLA) diblock polymeric micelles to human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) with the aim to augment its pro‐osteogenic effect in these cells is reported for the first time. The synthesis of the diblock copolymer is performed via Michael‐type addition reaction between hydrophilic methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)–maleimide (mPEGMAL) and hydrophobic thiol–poly(l‐lactide) (PLASH) and confirmed by 1H NMR and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting mPEGMSPLA copolymer self‐assembles into monodispersed polymeric micelles (≈84.4 ± 2 nm) and presents a high Naringin encapsulation efficiency (87.8 ± 4%), with a sustained release profile at physiological pH. Alongside, in vitro data reveal that upon internalization into hASC 2D cultures, Naringin nanomicellar formulations attain a higher pro‐osteogenic effect than that of free drug. Notably, these bioactive carriers also induce superior osteopontin expression and increase matrix mineralization in these cells over free drug administration. Overall, such findings support for the first time the use of polymeric nanomicelles for Naringin delivery into hASCs as a valid approach for modulating stem cell osteogenic differentiation.