bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cryotherapy on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in Egyptian cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soliman Hanan Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: August 2019

Background and objective: Oral Mucositis (OM) is a common adverse side-effect caused by cancer treatments (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). And can lead to mucosa toxicity. Patients with OM may experience extreme pain and may not be able to eat, drink and talk and, as a result, their quality of life is impaired. Treatment and prevention of OM in adult patients treated with chemotherapy are challenging issues for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy on incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced OM and OM related pain in patients treated with combined chemotherapy (Fluorouracil and Leucovorin).Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial with a random assignment to cryotherapy and control groups. The study was conducted on 40 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. The 20 patients in cryotherapy group were received instructions for sucking ice cubes in their mouth for five minutes before, during and shortly after chemotherapy. The 20 patients in control group received routine care. OM and pain severity were evaluated at 7th, 14th and 21st days of the study after chemotherapy using WHO Mucositis grading and-Numeric Pain Rating Scale.Results: In the majority of patients in cryotherapy group, oral Mucositis was not detected (Grade 0) at 7th, 14th and 21st days similarly incidence of grade 1 and 2 of OM in cryotherapy group significantly lowered when compared with control group where p < .001. During the study period, patients in the control group exhibit a significantly higher level of oral discomfort (p = .001).Conclusions: Oral cryotherapy due to its easy administration, tolerability and lack of adverse effects which makes it a very important method for decreasing the severity and incidence of OM and OM associated pain. The oncology nurses have a pivotal role in the application and success of cryotherapy.
Determination of Seven Manufacturing Impurities in FD&C Red No. 40 by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Harp Bhakti Petigara , Perez-Gonzalez Marianita , Cordero-Nieves Hector M , Pandian Rachel S , Bowes Bryan K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration batch-certifies color additives to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring food, drugs, and cosmetics. Objective: An ultra-high-performance LC (UHPLC) method was developed to determine seven manufacturing impurities in the monoazo color additive FD&C Red No. 40 (R40). The analytes consist of two intermediates, an impurity originating from one intermediate, a reaction by-product, and three subsidiary colors. The intermediates are 4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid [cresidine-p-sulfonic acid (CSA)] and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt (SS). The impurity originating from the intermediate SS is 6,6′-oxybis[2-naphthalenesulfonic acid] disodium salt. The reaction by-product is 4,4′-(diazoamino)bis[5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid disodium salt. The subsidiary colors are sodium salts of CSA coupled with 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid, 2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acid, or 2-naphthol. Methods: Samples of R40 were dissolved in an ammonium acetate buffer modified to pH 9.2, filtered, and analyzed by UHPLC. Quantitation of the analytes was performed by calibration in the presence of the color additive matrix. Results: UHPLC validation studies showed linear calibration curves (R2 = 0.9999), good recovery (95–121%) and precision (RSDs = 1.0–6.3%), and LOQs ranging from 0.002 to 0.030%. Survey analyses of 31 samples from 11 manufacturers yielded results by the new UHPLC method and a previously used HPLC method that are consistent within experimental error. Conclusions: The new UHPLC method provides faster analysis time, improved separation, and similar sensitivity compared to the HPLC method. Highlights: An UHPLC method was developed and validated to determine seven manufacturing impurities in R40 submitted to the FDA for batch certification.
La democracia usurpada. Persecución, cárcel y exilio de los demócratas y republicanos jiennenses (1849-1923) = The Usurped Democracy. Prosecution, Prison and Exile of the Democrats and Republicans in Jaén (1849-1923)
Authors: Jaén Milla Santiago 
Published: August 2019

Los demócratas y republicanos de Jaén pusieron en marcha numerosas iniciativas –sociales, culturales, políticas y económicas– para politizar a las clases populares y trabajadoras de la provincia y para que se unieran a la causa republicana, a la causa de la democracia. Sin embargo, los sectores monárquicos no reconocieron ni asumieron las prácticas y demandas republicanas, y lejos de favorecer su participación política y ampliar los derechos ciudadanos se replegaron sobre sí mismas, y ejercieron todo tipo de violencias y atropellos contra los republicanos. Este texto subraya las dificultades que encontraron estos sectores para llevar a cabo su proyecto e iniciativas políticas. AbstractThe Democrats and Republicans of Jaén initiated numerous social, cultural, political and economic initiatives to politicize the popular and working classes of the province and to encourage them join the Republican cause, the cause of democracy. However, these practices were not welcomed by the monarchist sectors, and far from favoring the political participation of the opposition groups and the development of the citizens’ rights, they retreated on themselves, and they exercised all type of violence and abuses against the republicans. This text highlights the difficulties these sectors encountered in carrying out their project and their policy initiatives.
Resistance Pattern of Nitrofurantoin of Uropathogens in Different Age Groups at Dr. Lal Path Labs, National Reference Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi
Authors: Singh Puneeta , Malik Shalabh , Lal Vandana 
Published: August 2019

Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to highlight the resistance pattern of Nitrofurantoin among 5162 UTIs causing isolates at Microbiology Department of Dr. Lal Path Labs between April to June 2019.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in Department of Microbiology at Dr. Lal Path Labs, Delhi during period April to June 2019. Standard loopful midstream urine samples collected in a sterile container were inoculated on UTI Chromagar and incubated overnight at 37ºC and demonstrating significance colony count of ≥105 CFU/ml. Common Enterobacteriaceae group of isolates and Gram positive isolates identified by MALDI TOF-MS (Bruker, Daltonics) were included in this study. To determine Nitrofurantoin resistance by VITEK-AST (Biomerieux) system on 280/P628 antibiotic susceptibility testing cards respectively as per as CLSI M100-S-29. Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp, of complicated UTI isolates were excluded from this study.
Results: Of the 29485 urine samples tested during April to June 2019, 5162 (17.5%) were culture positive. Out of the 5162 positive isolates 2856 (55.3%) were isolated from female patients and 2306 (44.7%) from male patients. The most common bacterial isolates were members of Enterobacteriaceae 4728 (91.5%) and Gram positive were 434 (8.5%). The most predominant age group infected with uropathogens were elderly adults ≥ 50 years of age constituted 58.1% of the UTIs culture positive cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated highest resistance of 92.3% whereas Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated the least resistance of 8.3%.
Discussion and Conclusion: The alarming substantial resistance to Nitrofurantoin in decreasing order has been noticed in Enterobacteriaceae i.e., Klebsiella pneumonia (92.3%), Enterobacter spp.(58.2%), Citrobacter spp (42.6%) and Gram positive Enterococcus spp. (45.6%) which is across all age groups. Most susceptible to Nitrofurantoin were Escherichia coli (69.9%) in Gram negative and Staphylococcus aureus (91.7%) in Gram positive. This finding emphasis the need of robust restriction of Nitrofurantoin antibiotic policy and usage to uncomplicated UTIs caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Drug Overdose Deaths Among Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Mark Tami L. , Huber Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceMedicaid programs have expanded coverage of substance use disorder treatment and undertaken many other initiatives to reduce drug overdoses among beneficiaries. However, to date, no information has been published that tracks overdose deaths among the Medicaid population.ObjectiveTo determine the rate of drug overdose among Medicaid beneficiaries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, US Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services data from 2016 to 2020 that linked enrollment and demographic data from all Medicaid beneficiaries in the US with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Death Index were used to determine the rate of drug overdose death among Medicaid beneficiaries. The Medicaid population rates were compared with those of the total US population, overall and by age and sex.ExposureParticipation in the Medicaid program.Main OutcomeDeath of a drug overdose.ResultsIn 2020, the drug overdose death rate among Medicaid beneficiaries was 54.6 per 100 000, a rate that was twice as high as the drug overdose rate among all US residents (27.9 per 100 000). In 2020, Medicaid beneficiaries comprised 25.0% of the US population but 48% of all overdose deaths (44 277 of 91 783). For each age and sex group older than 15 years, overdose deaths were higher for the Medicaid population than for the US population, with the greatest difference occurring among adults ages 45 to 64 years. From 2016 to 2020, Medicaid overdose deaths increased by 54%.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that more research is needed to understand why Medicaid beneficiaries have higher rates of drug overdoses than all US residents. Additionally, research is needed to understand how best to prevent overdoses among Medicaid beneficiaries. The federal government should support these efforts by routinely linking Medicaid claims and enrollment data to death records.
Prevalence of Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in Iceland
Authors: Thordardottir Edda Bjork , Song Huan , Shen Qing , Bjornsson Andri , Hilmarsdottir Hildur Yr , Guðmundsdottir Berglind , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Tómasson Gunnar , Rúnarsdóttir Harpa , Lu Donghao , Arnberg Filip K. , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Fang Fang , Aspelund Thor , Hauksdóttir Arna , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur Anna 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceComprehensive data on the prevalence of various life stressors and their role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of a broad range of life stressors and their association with PTSD in a large nationally representative cohort of women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis, which invited women in Iceland to complete an online survey from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Participants were a nationally representative sample of women 18 to 69 years of age. This analysis was conducted from January 21, 2022, to September 13, 2024.ExposuresHistory of 23 life stressors assessed with the Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) and additional survey questions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was probable PTSD during the past month assessed for the worst life stressor experienced as evaluated with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Modified Poisson log-linear models were used to assess prevalence ratios (PRs) of PTSD by type of life stressor, adjusting for multiple covariates, including number of life stressors and time since the worst life stressor.ResultsOverall, 28 199 women participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 43.8 [13.7] years). The prevalence of life stressors varied substantially, ranging from 3.3% for war or armed conflict–related events to 66.4% for unwanted sexual experiences. The overall prevalence of probable PTSD was 15.9% and varied substantially across life stressor types. The highest prevalence of probable PTSD was for sexual assault (1427 of 3872 [36.9%]) and lowest for natural disasters (15 of 456 [3.3%]). Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual assault (adjusted PR [APR], 6.66 [95% CI, 4.01-11.04]), other unwanted sexual experience (APR, 4.33 [95% CI, 2.53-7.42]), and physical assault (APR, 4.44 [95% CI, 2.63-7.49]) were associated with the highest prevalence increase of probable PTSD compared with natural disasters as the reference category.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of 28 199 women in Iceland, which ranks highest globally in gender equality, found that sexual and physical assaults were among the most common life stressors reported and were associated with the highest prevalence of probable PTSD. The propensity of such trauma to result in PTSD calls for widespread societal efforts to prevent sexual and physical violence and reduce gender-based disparities in mental health.
Ternary Thermosensitive Hydrogel‐Encapsulated Macrolactam Heneicosapeptide Eliminates Epidermal Multidrug‐Resistant Bi‐Microbial Colonization
Authors: Zeng Ping , Zhang Pengfei , Yi Lanhua , Wang Honglan , Gao Wei , Yao Liang , Zhang Lei , Chen Pu , Wong Kwok‐Yin , Chen Sheng , Leung Sharon Shui Yee , Chan Kin‐Fai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSuperbug epidemic has rendered antibiotic therapeutics increasingly ineffective. Worse still, there are few applicable medication regimens for polymicrobial infections caused by two or more multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Herein, a panel of antibacterial cyclic peptides are designed and synthesized and the lead compound cyclo‐zp80r shows favorable activities against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Encouragingly, it exhibited a strong bactericidal effect against two important epidermic species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus for both single‐ and co‐infections. The peptide cyclo‐zp80r is proposed to destroy the membrane structures of both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, inducing a variety of physiological disorders. To better adapt to topical administration of this novel antibacterial agent, a hydrogel formulation consisting of poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188, and hyaluronic acid is optimized. This ternary hydrogel system is able to form in situ gel at skin temperature. Encapsulated peptide molecules are released steadily in both human skin ex vivo model and mouse wound in vivo model to treat bi‐microbial infection. This work systematically investigates the design, synthesis, antibacterial mechanism of a novel cyclic peptide, and its drug delivery strategy for topical wound infection, offering a promising therapeutics to treat multidrug‐resistant polymicrobial wound infections.
Multiple Stimuli‐Switchable Electrocatalysis and Drug Logic Gates of N‐acetylcysteine Based on Graphdiyne/Copper Hexacyanoferrate Nanocomposites and Hydrogel
Authors: Li Mingming , Zhai Zhenhua , Zhang Shuman , Liu Ying , Tan Huiyi , Li Jiang , Ding Runmei , Guan Suzhen , Yao Huiqin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have shown great interest in intelligent electrochemical interfaces due to their potential applications. This work addresses the challenge of integrating multiple stimuli‐responsive properties while maintaining a robust electrochemical response. In this work, graphdiyne (GDY) is loaded on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by dropping method to obtain the GDY/GCE layer. Copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) is then electrodeposited onto the GDY/GCE, creating a catalytic layer for N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). The stimuli‐responsive hydrogel poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) is applied on the catalytic layer surface via drop‐coating. This configuration facilitated reversible electrochemical responses to changes in temperature, electrolyte composition, and pH levels. By analyzing peak current differences and corresponding potential changes, a type of logic gate is successfully simulated, including a 4‐input/7‐output logic gate and a three‐state logic gate. This novel approach significantly advanced the construction of electrochemical pharmaceutical logic gates.
Ion Redistribution Gel Electrolyte Dissipates Interfacial Turbulence for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yihan , Wei Zijian , Hu Sanlue , Tang Bo , Qu Guangmeng , Yue Chencheng , Li Xinming , Han Cuiping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZBs) degrade under a high current density due to the existence of interfacial turbulence with severe concentration polarization. Herein, an ion redistribution gel electrolyte is introduced to stabilize the electrode‐electrolyte interface by regulating the ion density gradient. Negatively charged carboxymethyl groups in carboxymethyl starch ether polymer (PCMS) electrolytes can preferentially regulate the ion concentration at the anode interface. The quasi‐solid PCMS gel electrolytes can dissipate the charge accumulation caused by ion concentration differences, which is beneficial for achieving excellent electrochemical stability at high current densities. As a result, the symmetric Zn cells with PCMS gel electrolyte can be cycled for more than 2000 h at a high current density of 40 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn//I2 cell using PCMS gel electrolyte also sustained cycling for over 8000 cycles, and the pouch cell with PCMS gel electrolyte exhibited practical deformable applications in flexible devices. This work highlights an effective gel electrolyte approach for enhancing interfacial stability, potentially advancing the development of highly reversible AZBs.
Potassium fertilization effects on dollar spot of annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass
Authors: Xu Zhongqi , Clarke Bruce B. , Ward Daniel L. , Murphy James A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effect of potassium on dollar spot of annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama) and creeping bentgrass (CBG; Agrostis stolonifera L.) is poorly understood. Two field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to determine the effect of K fertilization on dollar spot of ABG and CBG turf grown on a sand mat layer overlying a sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, semiactive, and mesic Typic Hapludults) and mowed at 2.8 mm. A 4 × 2 factorial, randomized complete block design evaluated K (potassium sulfate) applied at 0, 3.4, 6.9, and 13.8 kg ha−1 every 2 weeks and N (urea) applied at 4.9 kg ha−1 every 7 or 28 days over 20 weeks. Infection centers were counted over a 2‐week period each year after inoculation with Clarireedia jacksonii in mid‐September and used to calculate the disease severity. Increasing K fertilization rate consistently increased dollar spot severity on ABG and CBG. Higher N rate either slightly increased or did not affect disease severity on ABG, and either decreased or had no effect on CBG. This is the first study to document the impact of K fertilization on dollar spot severity of ABG turf. Regression analysis indicated that increases in both leaf tissue and mat layer K were associated with greater dollar spot severity on both species. Future research should determine whether the increased dollar spot response to K fertilization occurs at higher antecedent mat layer and leaf tissue K. Additionally, a broader range of N rates may clarify the dollar spot response.
Does It Run in Your Family? Inherited Truncating PSMD12 Variants Broaden the Phenotypic Spectrum of Stankiewicz‐Isidor Syndrome
Authors: Feresin Agnese , Spedicati Beatrice , Zampieri Stefania , Morgan Anna , Magnolato Andrea , Tesser Alessandra , Tommasini Alberto , Bonati Maria Teresa , Girotto Giorgia , Faletra Flavio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlteration in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system results in human disorders with neurological and/or autoinflammatory presentation. Haploinsufficiency of PSMD12, which encodes a subunit of the core component of the proteasome, causes Stankiewicz‐Isidor syndrome (STISS), characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, craniofacial dysmorphisms, with or without other congenital anomalies, and autoinflammation. We described six patients (four adults) from two unrelated families carrying a known p.(Arg289*) or a novel p.(Tyr111*) PSMD12 variant. Portraying a completely penetrant condition with inter‐ and intra‐familiar clinical variability, all individuals presented with developmental delay, intellectual disability, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies. Novel findings in our cohort included unilateral ectopic fingernail, cholesteatoma, oligodontia, and the occurrence of an ovarian teratoma. Most subjects had acne, short stature, and developed obesity since late childhood. Eating behavior was reported. Good sociality and behavioral concern emerged as well. None presented clinical manifestations of autoinflammation and the detected IFN‐I signature perturbations were not specific. Together with a complete literature review, we expanded the clinical spectrum of STISS, highlighting the relevance of inherited variants, and discussing challenges in diagnosis and management. We finally consider the intriguing role of PSMD12 in human development and propose to index “onychoheterotopia” among the Human Phenotype Ontology terms.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Alcohols
Authors: Kuloor Chakreshwara , Akash  , Goyal Vishakha , Zbořil Radek , Beller Mathias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNitriles are an abundant class of compounds that are widely used as versatile feedstocks to produce various chemicals including pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals as well as materials. Here we report Ni‐catalyzed reductive hydrolysis of nitriles to alcohols in the presence of molecular hydrogen. This conversion likely occurs in a domino reaction sequence that first involves the hydrogenation of nitrile to primary imine, then the hydrolysis of imine, and subsequent deamination to the aldehyde, which is finally hydrogenated to the desired alcohol. Crucial for this reductive hydrolysis process is the commercially available triphos‐ligated Ni‐complex that enables highly efficient and selective transformation of aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitriles including fatty nitriles to prepare functionalized primary alcohols. Further, the synthetic applicability of this Ni‐based protocol is presented for the selective conversion of nitrile to alcoholic group in structurally diverse and complex drug molecules as well as agrochemicals. The resulting products, alcohols are indispensable chemicals commonly used in organic synthesis and life sciences as well as material and energy technologies.
First Reports on Reproductive Traits of the Endemic Southwestern Atlantic Rio Skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes, Arhynchobatidae) in Captivity
Authors: Lenain Victoria M. , Matusevich Florencia , Gabbanelli Valeria , Vazquez Diego M. , Awruch Cynthia A. , Díaz de Astarloa Juan M. , Mabragaña Ezequiel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study provides novel data on fecundity and oviposition rate of Rioraja agassizii and complementary information on incubation period in captivity. Two females of R. agassizii were maintained in captivity over 1‐year period. Oviposition rate was 0.28 and 0.26 egg cases per day, and fecundity was 114 and 92 egg cases for each female. Incubation period was determined for two embryos resulting in 105 and 114 days with average incubation temperatures ranging from 17.5°C (± 0.81) to 22.1°C (± 1.32). Captive studies contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology and complement investigations carried out in the wild.