bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Prevalence and Association with Distal and Proximal Factors in Spanish University Students
Authors: Blasco Maria Jesús , Vilagut Gemma , Almenara José , Roca Miquel , Piqueras José Antonio , Gabilondo Andrea , Lagares Carolina , Soto‐Sanz Victoria , Alayo Itxaso , Forero Carlos G. , Echeburúa Enrique , Gili Margalida , Cebrià Ana Isabel , Bruffaerts Ronny , Auerbach Randy P. , Nock Matthew K. , Kessler Ronald C. , Alonso Jordi ,   the UNIVERSAL study group
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveWe report on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in Spanish university students and their risk and protective factors (distal/proximal; individual/environmental).MethodsFirst‐year university students completed an online survey including Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) items, the screening version of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) along with adversities and positive relationships during childhood/adolescence, recent stressful experiences, and lifetime mental disorders. Nested logistic regression models were estimated and areas under the curve (AUC) compared.ResultsA total of 2,118 students completed the survey (mean age = 18.8 [SD = 1.4] years; 55.4% female). Twelve‐month prevalence of suicide ideation (SI) was 9.9%, plans, 5.6%, and attempts, 0.6%. Risk factors of 12‐month SI were as follows: parental psychopathology (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5); sexual assault (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.4–22.1); lifetime mood disorder (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.5–7.7); and lifetime anxiety disorder (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). Childhood positive relationships protected from SI were as follows: peers/others (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9 for the second highest tertile) and family (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7 for the highest tertile). AUC of the final model was 0.82 (SE = 0.015).ConclusionOur results indicate a high prevalence of SI among Spanish university students and identify protective and risk factors from a comprehensive conceptual model.
Do magnet and charter schools exacerbate or ameliorate inequality?
Authors: Riel Virginia , Parcel Toby L. , Mickelson Roslyn Arlin , Smith Stephen Samuel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSchool choice typically refers to opportunities to enroll youth in public and/or private educational alternatives to traditional neighborhood public schools. While these options continue to grow in the United States under the umbrella of school choice, magnet and charter schools are the most common forms of public school choice. In this article, we review the development of school choice and the differing historical and philosophical origins of magnet and charter schools. We then summarize what we know about the extent to which these public choice options exacerbate or ameliorate two forms of inequality—academic achievement and school segregation by race and class. Research suggests that magnet schools often encourage racial and class diversity, while charters contribute to racial and socioeconomic isolation. While low‐income minority students may benefit academically from attending magnet schools, it is unclear whether charter schools have any effect on achievement when comparing charter school students to their counterparts in traditional public school. We expect that continued growth of magnet schools will likely promote school diversity both within and between districts, though some types of magnets may also inadvertently promote segregation. However, expansion of the charter school sector will heighten school segregation and exacerbate racial and socioeconomic isolation.
How Does Immigration Affect Suicide? An Analysis of U.S. Metropolitan Areas*
Authors: Krivo Lauren J. , Phillips Julie A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveLimited research investigates the relationship between levels of immigration, a source of societal integration and regulation, and U.S. suicide rates. We examine the aggregate immigration–suicide link during the 2008–2010 period, in light of the 30‐year high in suicide rates and concern about deleterious effects of immigration on the well‐being of American society.MethodsWe use data on 250 U.S. metropolitan areas and ordinary least squares regression to examine the association between immigration and suicide for 2008–2010.ResultsNet of controls, recent immigration, is linked to lower suicide levels for the native‐born population but has no association with foreign‐born suicide rates. High levels of immigration are most protective for native‐born suicide under favorable economic conditions.ConclusionsImmigration is not a threat to societal health in terms of higher suicide rates. Future research should consider the mechanisms through which beneficial effects of immigration on suicide rates operate.
Quantifying Physical Demands in the National Basketball Association—Challenges Around Developing Best-Practice Models for Athlete Care and Performance
Authors: McLean Blake D. , Strack Donald , Russell Jennifer , Coutts Aaron J. 
Published: July 2018

The National Basketball Association (NBA) has an extremely demanding competition schedule, requiring its athletes to compete in 82 regular-season games over a 6-mo period (∼3.4 games/wk). Despite the demanding schedule and high value of athletes, there is little public information on the specific game and training demands required to compete in the NBA. Although provisions in the NBA collective-bargaining agreement allow for research designed to improve player health and broaden medical knowledge, such information is sparse in the available literature. In relation to the physical demands of the NBA, the current lack of information likely results from multiple factors including limited understanding of (basketball-related) emerging technologies, impact of specific league rules, and steps taken to protect players in the age of Big Data. This article explores current limitations in describing specific game/training demands in the NBA and provides perspectives on how some of these challenges may be overcome. The authors propose that future collaborations between league entities, NBA clubs, commercial partners, and outside research institutions will enhance understanding of the physical demands in the NBA (and other health- and performance-related areas). More detailed understanding of physical demands (games, practices, and travel) and other health-related areas can augment player-centered decision making, leading to enhanced player care, increased availability, and improved physical performance.
Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise Promotes Lower Pain and Ratings of Perceived Exertion Compared With Either High- or Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Performed to Muscular Failure
Authors: Lixandrão Manoel E. , Roschel Hamilton , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Miquelini Maira , Alvarez Ieda F. , Libardi Cleiton Augusto 
Published: July 2018

Context: Given the comparable muscle hypertrophy constantly observed between blood-flow restriction exercise (BFR-RE) and conventional resistance exercise, understanding their particular rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain may help to better prescribe exercise at a low-discomfort level, thus increasing its feasibility. Design: Randomized crossover study. Objective: To compare the RPE and pain response between conventional high- (HI-RE) and low-intensity resistance exercise (LI-RE) protocols to failure with a nonmuscular failure LI-RE associated with BFR-RE. Participants: A total of 12 men (age: 20 [3] y; body mass: 73.5 [9] kg; height: 174 [6] cm). Interventions: Four sets of 45° leg-press exercises in 3 different conditions: (1) BFR-RE (15 repetitions; 30% 1-repetition maximum), (2) HI-RE (80% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure), and (3) LI-RE (30% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure). Main Outcome Measures: RPE and pain were assessed immediately before exercise session and after the end of each of the 4 sets. Results: RPE and pain levels increased throughout the exercise sets for all RE protocols (all, Ps < .05). HI-RE and LI-RE protocols showed similar increase in RPE and pain levels during all exercise sets (P < .05); however, both protocols demonstrated higher RPE and pain response compared with BFR-RE after each of the 4 sets (all Ps < .05 between-group comparisons). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that both HI-RE and LI-RE to muscular failure resulted in similar and significant increases in RPE and pain levels, regardless of exercise intensity. In addition, nonmuscular failure BFR-RE also increased RPE and pain response, however, to a lower extent compared with either HI-RE or LI-RE.
Reliability of Smartphone Inclinometry to Measure Upper Cervical Range of Motion
Authors: Ullucci Paul A. , Tudini Frank , Moran Matthew F. 
Published: July 2018

Context: Assessment of upper cervical range of motion (UCROM) and mobility is commonly performed in the clinical setting for patients suffering from headache, neck pain, and vestibular dysfunction. Reliable and reproducible measurement of this motion is often difficult or too expensive to perform in the clinical setting. Smartphone applications using the device’s internal gyroscope offer an easy and inexpensive means of measuring UCROM, but their reliability has not been reported in the literature. Objective: To assess the reliability of an inclinometer application installed on 2 different devices (iPhone 6 [IP] and android [AN]) and to measure UCROM in a healthy population. Design: Two examiners assessed passive UCROM. Each examiner was assigned to a specific smartphone, and a repeated-measures design consisting of 3 trials for each examiner–phone was performed. The order of testing was randomized, and the examiners were blinded to UCROM measures. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: A total of 38 subjects (19 females and 19 males; age: 23.8 [1.2] y) without pain or injury to the neck or spine for at least 3 months. Intervention: Each examiner passively flexed the head fully, rotated the head fully in 1 direction, and then in another. Peak rotation measures were recorded from each smartphone. Three trials were performed for each phone, with a 2-minute break between examiners/phones. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficient using a 2-way mixed, absolute agreement model was obtained (1) between each examiner–phone and (2) within each examiner–phone for the measurements in each rotation direction. Results: Interphone/examiner reliability comparing average peak and total UCROM for each device was excellent (.87, .81). Intraphone/examiner reliability, determined across 3 trials, was also excellent (AN right rot. = .91, AN left rot. = .96; IP right rot. = .98, IP left rot. = .95). Conclusion: UCROM can be reliably measured using a smartphone inclinometer application.
The Third Transmembrane Domain of EscR Is Critical for Function of the Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Type III Secretion System
Authors: Tseytin Irit , Madar Adi , Mitrovic Bosko , Deng Wanyin , Finlay B. Brett , Sal-Man Neta 
Published: July 2018

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) for their virulence. The T3SS comprises several proteins that assemble into a syringe-like structure dedicated to the injection of bacterial virulence factors into the host cells. Although many T3SS proteins are transmembrane proteins, our knowledge of these proteins is limited mostly to their soluble domains. In this study, we found that the third transmembrane domain (TMD) of EscR, a central protein of the T3SS in enteropathogenic
E. coli
, contributes to protein self-oligomerization. Moreover, we demonstrated that a single aspartic acid residue, located at the core of this TMD, is critical for the activity of the full-length protein and the function of the entire T3SS, possibly due to its involvement in mediating TMD-TMD interactions. Our findings should encourage the mapping of the entire interactome of the T3SS components, including interactions mediated through their TMDs.
Heart failure and palliative care in the emergency department
Authors: Lipinski Matthew , Eagles Debra , Fischer Lisa M , Mielniczuk Lisa , Stiell Ian G 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesHeart failure is a common ED presentation that is underserved by palliative care services and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate use of palliative care services in patients with heart failure presenting to the ED. The primary outcome studied was palliative care involvement. Secondary outcomes of the study were: (1) 1-year mortality, (2) ED visits, (3) hospital admissions and (4) heart failure clinic involvement.MethodsWe conducted a health records review of 500 patients with heart failure who presented to two Canadian academic hospital EDs from January to August 2013.ResultsPatients were of mean age 80.7 years, women (53.2%) and had significant comorbidities. Only 41% of all deceased patients at 1 year had any palliative care involvement. Of those with palliative care, 44 (76%) patients had less than 2 weeks of palliative care involvement prior to death. Compared with those with no palliative care, the 79 (15.8%) patients with palliative care involvement had a higher 1-year mortality rate (70.9% vs 18.8%) and more hospital admissions/year (1.4 vs 0.85) for heart failure.ConclusionsWe found that few patients with heart failure had palliative care services. Additionally, the majority of those who have palliative care involvement do not meet current recommendations for early palliative care involvement in heart failure. This study suggests that the ED may be an appropriate setting to identify and refer high-risk patients with heart failure who could benefit from earlier palliative care involvement.
Putting the ‘me’ in mechanical: lessons from the mechanical men of health 1928–1948
Authors: Stones Catherine 
Published: July 2018

During the interwar years, health exhibitions and pavilions were commonplace in Europe and the USA. Within these exhibitions were a small number of life-sized or oversized mechanical men used to represent physiological processes. Although they received significant press attention at the time, little academic analysis exists to date. These mechanical men, I argue, all provide important insights regarding the way design could be used to heighten the appeal of physiology and crucially, in the formation of a new term—the Accessible Body.First, this study re-introduces three mechanical men of health to an academic audience, identifying provenance and unearthing key details of their performance and visual appearance. I argue that there is much to be gained by their analysis in comparison to the more notorious body representations that they orbited. Through detailed analysis of their forms, the three mechanical men are shown to challenge the dominant notions of the Ideal Body and Fordist Body embodied in the Dresden Transparent Man (1930) and ‘Der Mensch als Industriepalast’ (1926), respectively. The study examines and classifies these mechanical men as a new type of body— the Accessible Body. This term refers to representations that embody a sense of consciousness, the re-appropriation of popular culture and engagement with humour and visual appeal.The study concludes with discussion about the Accessible Body in contemporary health education. What tropes and approaches may remain significant today? By leaning on contemporary thinking about linguistic rather than visual metaphors in health, this study concludes with provocations for the alignment of other appropriate metaphors within a mechanical man and Accessible Body framework. Ultimately, I call for a reshifting of man/machine visual metaphors as a means of re-engaging the audience today.
‘Montezuma’s revenge’: neurological disorders in the returning traveller
Authors: Bharucha Tehmina , Manji Hadi 
Published: July 2018

‘The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page’.Augustine of Hippo – Latin philosopher and theologian.Neurological presentations are seen in about 1.5%–2.0% of returning travellers seeking medical attention, and may pose a particular challenge to diagnose and treat. These may be severe and life threatening, such as meningoencephalitic illnesses or inflammatory radiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré-like) syndromes requiring intensive care support. It is essential not to miss the potentially treatable and common diseases such as malaria, which can be lethal if undiagnosed. Herpes simplex virus remains the most common cause of encephalitis in returning travellers to the UK. Furthermore, common bacterial conditions such as pneumococcal meningitis may be associated with different resistance patterns globally, and this must be taken into account in treatment decisio.ns. This review provides a clinical approach, illustrated with a range of cases, and suggestions where to get further management advice.
Air quality and presence of air ventilation systems inside waterpipe cafés in North Carolina
Authors: Seidenberg Andrew B , Orlan Elizabeth N , Travers Mark J , Sutfin Erin L 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAfter North Carolina (NC) fire inspectors detected unsafe carbon monoxide (CO) levels inside several waterpipe cafés, the state fire code was amended to include provisions regulating waterpipe cafés, adding a requirement for air ventilation. These regulations apply to new buildings constructed after 1 January 2016, but can be enforced for older buildings where there exists a distinct hazard to life. We measured air quality at a sample of waterpipe cafés before and after the starting date of this regulation and collected information on presence of air ventilation.MethodsAir quality (CO, fine particulate matter (PM2.5)) monitoring was conducted inside and outside of six waterpipe cafés in NC in September of 2015 (time 1) and September of 2016 (time 2). In addition, questionnaires were administered to managers from each waterpipe café at time 2 to determine the presence of air ventilation systems.ResultsElevated levels of CO and PM2.5were found inside waterpipe cafés at time 1 (median CO=42 ppm; median PM2.5=379.3 µg/m3) and time 2 (median CO=65 ppm; median PM2.5=484.0 µg/m3), with no significant differences between time periods (p>0.05). Indoor levels were significantly higher than levels outside cafés at both time periods (p<0.05). All waterpipe cafés reported having an air ventilation system that was installed prior to time 1 air monitoring.ConclusionsUnsafe levels of CO and PM2.5were observed in waterpipe cafés in NC, despite reported use of air ventilation systems. Prohibiting indoor waterpipe smoking may be necessary to ensure clean air for employees and patrons.
Surface Characteristic Effect of Ag/TiO2 Nanoarray Composite Structure on Supercapacitor Electrode Properties
Authors: Cui Jie , Cao Lin , Zeng Dahai , Wang Xiaojian , Li Wei , Lin Zhidan , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2018

Ag-ion-modified titanium nanotube (Ag/TiO2-NT) arrays were designed and fabricated as the electrode material of supercapacitors for electrochemical energy storage. TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodic oxidation and then treated by Ag metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) implantation. The Ag amount was controlled via adjusting ion implantation parameters. The morphology, crystallinity, and electrochemistry properties of as-obtained Ag/TiO2-NT electrodes were distinguished based on various characterizations. Compared with different doses of Ag/TiO2-NTs, the electrode with the dose of 5.0 × 1017 ions·cm−2 exhibited much higher electrode capacity and greatly enhanced activity in comparison to the pure TiO2-NTs. The modified electrode showed a high capacitance of 9324.6 mF·cm−3 (86.9 mF·g, 1.2 mF·cm−2), energy density of 82.8 μWh·cm−3 (0.8 μWh·g, 0.0103 μWh·cm−2), and power density of 161.0 mW·cm−3 (150.4 μW·g, 2.00 μW·cm−2) at the current density of 0.05 mA. Therefore, Ag/TiO2-NTs could act as a feasible electrode material of supercapacitors.
miRNA-30 Family Members Inhibit Breast Cancer Invasion, Osteomimicry, and Bone Destruction by Directly Targeting Multiple Bone Metastasis–Associated Genes
Authors: Croset Martine , Pantano Francesco , Kan Casina W.S. , Bonnelye Edith , Descotes Françoise , Alix-Panabières Catherine , Lecellier Charles-Henri , Bachelier Richard , Allioli Nathalie , Hong Saw-See , Bartkowiak Kai , Pantel Klaus , Clézardin Philippe 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
miRNAs are master regulators of gene expression that play key roles in cancer metastasis. During bone metastasis, metastatic tumor cells must rewire their biology and express genes that are normally expressed by bone cells (a process called osteomimicry), which endow tumor cells with full competence for outgrowth in the bone marrow. Here, we establish miR-30 family members miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-30d, and miR-30e as suppressors of breast cancer bone metastasis that regulate multiple pathways, including osteomimicry. Low expression of miR-30 in primary tumors from patients with breast cancer were associated with poor relapse-free survival. In addition, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative/progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancer cells expressed lower miR-30 levels than their ER/PR-positive counterparts. Overexpression of miR-30 in ER/PR-negative breast cancer cells resulted in the reduction of bone metastasis burden in vivo. In vitro, miR-30 did not affect tumor cell proliferation, but did inhibit tumor cell invasion. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-30 restored bone homeostasis by reversing the effects of tumor cell–conditioned medium on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. A number of genes associated with osteoclastogenesis stimulation (IL8, IL11), osteoblastogenesis inhibition (DKK-1), tumor cell osteomimicry (RUNX2, CDH11), and invasiveness (CTGF, ITGA5, ITGB3) were identified as targets for repression by miR-30. Among these genes, silencing CDH11 or ITGA5 in ER-/PR-negative breast cancer cells recapitulated inhibitory effects of miR-30 on skeletal tumor burden in vivo. Overall, our findings provide evidence that miR-30 family members employ multiple mechanisms to impede breast cancer bone metastasis and may represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Significance: These findings suggest miR-30 family members may serve as an effective means to therapeutically attenuate metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5259–73. ©2018 AACR.