bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Feeding Tube Practices for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Across 4 International Radiation Oncology Departments
Authors: Hazzard Emily , Walton Karen , McMahon Anne‐Therese , Milosavljevic Marianna , Tapsell Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is common and debilitating among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). A feeding tube (FT) can help to minimize this. However, there is debate on FT use, including whether a reactive nasogastric tube (NGT) or prophylactic gastrostomy tube (PGT) approach is best. This study aimed to explore interdisciplinary healthcare professionals’ perspectives of FT practices for patients with HNC, across 4 radiation departments in Australia and the United States.MethodsHealthcare professionals involved in the clinical care of patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC were recruited from 2 radiation‐oncology departments in Australia and 2 in the United States. Individual interviews were recorded and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.ResultsSeventeen radiation oncologists, 12 nurses, 11 dietitians, and 6 speech pathologists participated. “Perspectives of FTs for patients with HNC” comprised 4 categories: a valued support, more individualized, no universal practice, and PGT vs NGT. “Placement considerations” comprised 6 patient categories (planned treatment, tumor characteristics, nutrition and swallow status, tube‐dependence risk, psychosocial status, and patient preferences) and 4 service‐structure categories (dietetic access, speech‐pathology access, interdisciplinary collaboration, and nutrition‐support infrastructure).ConclusionAlthough the targeted use of FTs was valued by healthcare professionals, several patient and service‐structure factors may influence whether the PGT or reactive NGT approach is perceived to be more efficacious. Further research is needed to explore patient preferences, tube dependence, interdisciplinary collaboration, and department infrastructure to promote consistent evidence‐based and patient‐centered FT practices.
Applications of omics and nanotechnology to improve pig embryo production in vitro
Authors: Lucas Caroline G. , Chen Paula R. , Seixas Fabiana K. , Prather Randall S. , Collares Tiago 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn appropriate environment to optimize porcine preimplantation embryo production in vitro is required as genetically modified pigs have become indispensable for biomedical research and agriculture. To provide suitable culture conditions, omics technologies have been applied to elucidate which metabolic substrates and pathways are involved during early developmental processes. Metabolomic profiling and transcriptional analysis comparing in vivo‐ and in vitro‐derived embryos have demonstrated the important role of amino acids during preimplantation development. Transcriptional profiling studies have been helpful in assessing epigenetic reprogramming agents to allow for the correction of gene expression during the cloning process. Along with this, nanotechnology, which is a highly promising field, has allowed for the use of engineered nanoplatforms in reproductive biology. A growing number of studies have explored the use of nanoengineered materials for sorting, labeling, and targeting purposes; which demonstrates their potential to become one of the solutions for precise delivery of molecules into gametes and embryos. Considering the contributions of omics and the recent progress in nanoscience, in this review, we focused on their emerging applications for current in vitro pig embryo production systems to optimize the generation of genetically modified animals.
Can water level stations be used for thermal assessment in aquatic ecosystem?
Authors: Georges Blandine , Brostaux Yves , Claessens Hugues , Degré Aurore , Huylenbroeck Leo , Lejeune Philippe , Piégay Hervé , Michez Adrien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany studies focus on stream water temperature (WT) because it is considered a key ecological factor. However, few of them have investigated the use of WT data from water level monitoring networks, which often measure WT as ancillary data. Our study was conducted in southern Belgium at a high temporal resolution with continuous data recorded at intervals of 10 min between 2012 and 2016 and large spatial scale greater than 16,000 km2. This study aimed to assess whether a regional water level network (140 stations) is reliable for continuous WT monitoring based on a Bland–Altman analysis with WT collected through a European monitoring network (Water Framework Directive). This study also investigates whether WT data acquired by water level stations can be used to perform both state‐of‐the‐art visualization of thermal regimes and spatio‐temporal queries for specific ecological monitoring.We found that the water level stations were reliable tools in recording continuous WT in the streams of the study area. The temperature difference between the two WT monitoring networks was −0.57°C on average. Our positive results promote the use of WT from water level stations in order to globally characterize the thermal regime of streams as well as to provide spatial or temporal information on this regime at high frequencies. As an example, our data showed the effectiveness for brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) in spatializing thermal risk areas related to the thermal requirement of this fish species; in 2015, 19% of stations located in brown trout fish zone recorded temperatures above 25°C.
Palladium/Copper Alloy Hollow Nanocubes Supported on Sulfur‐doped Graphene as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Han Wenjie , Huang Rumeng , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Jiang Kai , Qiao Jinli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo control and regulate both the shape and size of metal nanoparticles is essential for the design and preparation of active and stable catalysts for fuel cell reactions such as the ethylene glycol (EG) electrooxidation reaction, which is highly sensitive to the structure of the catalysts. We report the synthetic strategy of PdCu alloy hollow nanocube supported on sulfur‐doped graphene (H‐PdCu/SG) catalyst through a self‐assembled hydrothermal process for ethylene glycol (EG) electrooxidation reaction. The as‐prepared hollow PdCu alloy nanocubes are well distributed on the SG surface with a relatively small particle size distribution. Additionally, the H‐PdCu/SG catalyst shows a superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward EG oxidation.
Rapid determination of ferulic acid in three kinds of Chinese herbs by direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Zhongping , Huang Xiaoli , Liu Huijun , Wang Lili , Fan Yilei , Liu Charles , Ren Yiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new method of direct analysis in real‐time integrated with mass spectrometry was established and applied to the rapid determination of ferulic acid in Chinese herbs. Instrument parameter settings were optimized to obtain the sensitive and accurate determination of ferulic acid. At the sample introduction speed of 0.5 mm/s, high signal intensity of [M‐H]− (m/z 193) for ferulic acid was achieved in the negative ion mode by utilization of high purity helium gas at 350°C. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5–100 mg/L with the correlation coefficient r = 0.9846 and relative standard deviation (n = 6) in the range of 2.0 to 6.1%. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and limit of quantitation (S/N = 10) were 0.4 and 1.2 mg/L respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 90.6–114.2%. The results of direct analysis in real time‐mass spectrometry were in agreement with those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry method is a simple, rapid and high‐throughput approach for the determination of ferulic acid in Chinese herbs.
New Destinations and the Early Childhood Education of Mexican-Origin Children
Authors: Ackert Elizabeth , Crosnoe Robert , Leventhal Tama 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examined differences in exposure to early childhood education among Mexican-origin children across Latino/a destinations. Early childhood educational enrollment patterns, which are highly sensitive to community resources and foundational components of long-term educational inequalities, can offer a valuable window into how destinations may be shaping incorporation among Mexican-origin families. Integrating data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort with county-level data from the decennial census, multilevel logistic regression models revealed that Mexican-origin, black, and white children had lower odds of enrollment in early childhood education programs if they lived in new Latino/a destinations versus established destinations. The negative association between new destinations and early childhood education enrollment persisted despite controls for household selectivity, state and local early childhood education contexts, Latino/a educational attainment, Latino-white residential segregation, and immigration enforcement agreements. Within the Mexican-origin subgroup, the enrollment gap between new and established destinations was widest among the least-acculturated families, as measured by parental nativity, duration of residence, citizenship status, and English proficiency. These findings highlight how both place and acculturation stratify outcomes within the large and growing Mexican-origin subset of the Latino/a population.
Semantics-based summarisation of ATM information
Authors: Schuetz C. G. , Neumayr B. , Schrefl M. , Gringinger E. , Wilson S. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPilot briefings, in their traditional form, drown pilots in a sea of information. Rather than unfocused swathes of air traffic management (ATM) information, pilots require only the information for their specific flight, preferably with an emphasis on the most important information. In this paper, we introduce the notion of ATM information cubes – in analogy to the well-established concept of Online analytical processing (OLAP) cubes in data warehousing. We propose a framework with merge and abstraction operations for the combination and summarization of the information in ATM information cubes to obtain management summaries of relevant information. To this end, we adopt the concept of semantic data container – a package of data items with a semantic description of the contents. The semantic descriptions then serve to hierarchically organise semantic containers along the dimensions of an ATM information cube. Leveraging this hierarchical organisation, a merge operation combines ATM information from individual semantic containers and collects the data items into composite containers. An abstraction operation summarises the data items within a semantic container, replacing individual data items with more abstract data items with summary information.
MEETING THE ELIMINATIVIST BURDEN
Authors: McCormick Kelly 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:In this essay I identify two burdens for eliminativist accounts of moral responsibility. I first examine an underappreciated logical gap between two features of eliminativism, the gap between descriptive skepticism and full-blown prescriptive eliminativism. Using Ishtiyaque Haji’s luck-based skepticism as an instructive example, I argue that in order to move successfully from descriptive skepticism to prescriptive eliminativism one must first provide a comparative defense of the conflicting principles that motivate the former. In other words, one must fix the skeptical spotlight. I then present and assess a second burden for eliminativists, they must meet what I call the motivational challenge. In order to meet this second burden, eliminativists must motivate their prescriptive account over preservationist competitors, and I assess two potential strategies for doing so. The first is to offer arguments that appeal to the gains and losses of abandoning our responsibility-related attitudes and practices, and the second is to offer direct arguments that we cannot retain these attitudes and practices. I conclude that the adequacy of either strategy remains at best an open question, but that making these burdens explicit might better position eliminativists to meet their competitors on more equal ground.
Microbiomic differences at cancer-prone oral mucosa sites with marijuana usage
Authors: Newman Taylor , Krishnan Laya P. , Lee Jessica , Adami Guy R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMarijuana smoke contains cannabinoids, immunosuppressants, and a mixture of potentially-mutagenic chemicals. In addition to systemic disease, it is thought to contribute to oral disease, such as tooth loss, tissue changes in the gums and throat, and possibly oral pharyngeal cancer. We used a cross-sectional study of 20 marijuana users and 19 control non-users, to determine if chronic inhalation-based exposure to marijuana was associated with a distinct oral microbiota at the two most common sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the lateral border of the tongue and the oral pharynx. At the tongue site, genera earlier shown to be enriched on HNSCC mucosa, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas, were at low levels in marijuana users, while Rothia, which is found at depressed levels on HNSCC mucosa, was high. At the oral pharynx site, differences in bacteria were distinct, with higher levels of Selenomonas and lower levels of Streptococcus which is what is seen in HNSCC. No evidence was seen for a contribution of marijuana product contaminating bacteria to these differences. This study revealed differences in the surface oral mucosal microbiota with frequent smoking of marijuana.
Schwerpunktprogramm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft SPP1629 „THYROID TRANS ACT“ – Neue Aspekte in der Schilddrüsenforschung
Authors: Brix Klaudia , Biebermann Heike , Führer Dagmar 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungTHYROID TRANS ACT ist ein deutschlandweiter Forschungsverbund, der sich der Frage widmet: „Wie ist die gesunde Schilddrüsenfunktion definiert?“. In THYROID TRANS ACT arbeiten grundlagenwissenschaftlich, translational sowie klinisch orientierte Schilddrüsenforscher aus Deutschland interdisziplinär zusammen. Das langfristige Ziel ist es, neue Therapiekonzepte für Schilddrüsenpathologien und Schilddrüsenhormonabhängige Erkrankungen zu entwickeln.
Neues zur Pathophysiologie der Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Syrbe Uta 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Spondyloarthritiden (SpA) umfassen eine Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die durch ähnliche klinische Manifestationen und gemeinsame genetische Assoziationen gekennzeichnet sind. Die axialen Manifestationen umfassen Entzündungen im Achsenskelett, insbesondere in den Sakroiliakalgelenken und in den Wirbelkörpern; bei den peripheren Gelenkmanifestationen dominieren Enthesitiden und Daktylitiden neben oligoartikulären asymmetrischen Arthritiden. Die Pathogenese und Krankheitsentwicklung wird stark durch genetische Anlagen bestimmt. HLA-B27 gilt als wichtigster genetischer Risikofaktor, wobei die pathogenetische Funktion von HLA-B27 nach wie vor ungeklärt ist. Daneben wurden in genomweiten Assoziationsstudien u. a. Risikovarianten in Genen, die den Interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17 Signalweg kontrollieren, identifiziert. Die Bedeutung dieses Signalweges spiegelt sich auch in der klinischen Wirksamkeit von IL-17 Inhibitoren bei Patienten mit SpA wider. Histologische Untersuchungen axialer Krankheitsmanifestationen zeigten ein entzündliches Grauationsgewebe, welches destruierende und reparative Eigenschaften besitzt. So fanden sich neben dem Fibroblasten-reichen Granulationsgewebe randständige Osteoklasten, die die Destruktion der Knochenendplatte vorantreiben und Osteoblasten, die Knochenneubildung vermitteln. In Analysen der IL-23- und IL-17-Expression in Wirbelkörperproben von Patienten mit ankylosierender Spondylitis fand sich die Expression dieser Zytokine v. a. in myeloiden Zellen. Im Tiermodell wurden IL-23 Rezeptor-exprimierende Zellen in Sehnenansätzen identifiziert. Auf IL-23 Exposition reagierten diese Zellen mit der Expression von IL-17 und IL-22, was zur lokalen Entzündung gefolgt von Knochenneubildung führte. Neben der genetischen Assoziation besteht bei der SpA eine große Überlappung mit dem Bestehen einer Psoriasis oder einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung (CED). Darüber hinaus fand sich bei einem Großteil der SpA-Patienten, die keine klinischen Zeichen einer CED zeigen, ebenfalls eine mikroskopische Darmentzündung. Es wird angenommen, dass die entzündlichen Reaktionen an Grenzflächen im Kontext von HLA-B27 zur Entwicklung der axialen und peripheren Gelenkentzündung beitragen, wobei unklar ist, ob Translokation bakterieller Antigene oder die Immunaktivierung im Darm über die Freisetzung löslicher Faktoren oder eine Kreuzreaktivität zwischen mikrobiellen und Gelenkantigenen zu den typischen SpA-Gelenkentzündungen führt.
Large Vertex Epidural Hematoma: Case Report and Review of Surgical Approaches
Authors: Silva Neto Angelo R. , Medeiros Luana , Silva Fábio B. , Velloso Renata N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVertex epidural hematomas (VEHs) are a special clinical entity due to their clinical presentation, vascular etiology and options of surgical approach. The clinical suspicion involves recognizing the mechanism of the injury and the correct visualization of the hematoma in computed tomography (CT) coronal sequences. In the present article, we describe a case of a very large (146 mL) VEH with central brain herniation, and provide a technical note on the surgical planning and treatment. A 34-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital after an injury on the left superior parietal region. The Glasgow coma scale score was 6, and the left pupil of the patient was dilated. The CT scan showed a large epidural hematoma on the vertex between the coronal e lambdoid sutures, and a fracture over the sagittal suture. During the surgery, multiple burr holes were made laterally to the sagittal suture, and after inspection and no visualization of bleeding in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), we performed a standard biparietal craniotomy. The patient was discharged three days after the surgery without any deficits. Currently, with the improvement in imaging modalities, more cases of VEH are being identified. Identifying the etiology prior to the craniotomy is challenging in severe cases. Tears in the SSS can bleed profusely, and they demand strategies during the craniotomy. With multiple burr holes parallel to the sagittal suture, we can visualize whether there is bleeding in the SSS and design a craniotomy with or without a central osseous bridge to anchor the dura. Neurosurgeons must be prepared to plan a surgical strategy in cases of large VEHs. Due to its rare frequency and bleeding risks, VEHs are considered challenging.
‘Work Conquers All’: psychiatry, agricultural labor, and the Juliano Moreira Colony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1890–1958)
Authors: Meyer Manuella 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores the varied forms of labor used at the Juliano Moreira Colony in Rio de Janeiro during the first half of the twentieth century. It investigates the ideological justification psychiatrists made about the therapeutic value of work, and in particular, agricultural work, as a dominant medical regimen in the Colony. It is suggested that the Colony’s elision with labor resonated with a state that placed work and the worker as socio-political and cultural national centerpieces. Its appeal to the state was most likely the reason why the colony model became the predominant hospital structure when a muscular public health structure reorganized mental health services throughout the nation. The labor of the mentally ill in the Colony had no great generative use-value since their efforts were not sufficient to make the Colony sustainable. Moreover, labor therapy was not able to fully rehabilitate the majority of patients so that they could leave the institution and enter the labor force. Indeed, the presidency of Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954), with its championing of the working classes, inflected the idea of labor with new significance. Therefore, the performance of labor in the Colony, in and of itself, had potent symbolic value. The work of the mentally ill in agricultural fields or carpentry workshops, although non-productive, can be understood as repertoires of social and political claim-making.
Deliberate enhancement of rainfall using desert plantations
Authors: Branch Oliver , Wulfmeyer Volker 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceOur desert plantation concept aligns closely with research into biological carbon sequestration solutions but uniquely extends into the purview of deliberate rainfall enhancement. With this synergy of carbon sequestration and regional weather modification, we can counteract water scarcity and desertification while minimizing conflicts with food croplands. We have demonstrated that large plantations do enhance rainfall in arid regions and identified the underlying process chain. By using this knowledge we have developed a global index to assess which deserts are most favorable for weather modification and discuss how rainfall impacts can be intensified using agricultural methods. This potential for rainfall enhancement and carbon sequestration makes the research extremely interesting for the scientific community and for society.
3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals
Authors: Eschner Eric , Staudt Tobias , Schmidt Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Within this work, we present a system for the measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of spatters and entrained particles during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of metals. It is comprised of two ultrahigh-speed cameras and a reconstruction task specific processing reconstruction algorithm. The system enables an automated determination of 3D measures from the trajectories of a large number of tracked particles. Ambiguity evolving from an underdetermined geometrical situation induced by a two-camera setup is resolved within the tracking using a priori knowledge of L-PBF of metals. All processing steps were optimized to run on a graphics processing unit to allow the processing of large amounts of data within an appropriate time frame. The overall approach was validated by a comparison of the measurement results to synthetic images with a known 3D ground truth.