bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength of resting state functional connectivity and local GABA concentrations predict oral reading of real and pseudo-words
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lisa C. , Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri , Crosson Bruce , Rothman Douglas L. , Schwam Dina M. , Greenberg Daphne , Pugh Kenneth R. , Morris Robin D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReading is a learned activity that engages multiple cognitive systems. In a cohort of typical and struggling adult readers we show evidence that successful oral reading of real words is related to gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) concentration in the higher-order language system, whereas reading of unfamiliar pseudo-words is not related to GABA in this system. We also demonstrate the capability of resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) combined with GABA measures to predict single real word compared to pseudo-word reading performance. Results show that the strength of rsFC between left fusiform gyrus (L-FG) and higher-order language systems predicts oral reading behavior of real words, irrespective of the local concentration of GABA. On the other hand, pseudo-words, which require grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, are not predicted by the connection between L-FG and higher-order language system. This suggests that L-FG may have a multi-functional role: lexical processing of real words and grapheme-to-phoneme processing of pseudo-words. Additionally, rsFC between L-FG, pre-motor, and putamen areas are positively related to the oral reading of both real and pseudo-words, suggesting that text may be converted into a phoneme sequence for speech initiation and production regardless of whether the stimulus is a real word or pseudo-word. In summary, from a systems neuroscience perspective, we show that: (i) strong rsFC between higher order visual, language, and pre-motor areas can predict and differentiate efficient oral reading of real and pseudo-words. (ii) GABA measures, along with rsFC, help to further differentiate the neural pathways for previously learned real words versus unfamiliar pseudo-words.
Roles for intracellular cation transporters in respiratory growth of yeast
Authors: Zhang Feng , Bian Jiang , Chen Xueqing , Huang Jiaxin , Smith Nathan , Lu Wen , Xu Yuan , Lee Jaekwon , Wu Xiaobin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Potassium is involved in copper and iron metabolism in eukaryotic Golgi apparatus, but it is not clear yet whether potassium distributions in other vesicles also affect copper and iron metabolism. Here we show that respiratory growth and iron acquisition by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on potassium (K+) compartmentalization to the mitochondria, as well as the vacuole and late endosome via K+/H+ exchangers Mdm38p, Vnx1p and Nhx1p, respectively. The data indicate that NHX1 and VNX1 knock-out cells grow better than wild type cells on non-fermentable YPEG media, while MDM38 knock-out cells display a growth defect on YPEG media. The over expression of the KHA1 gene located on the Golgi apparatus partially compensates for the growth defect of the MDM38 knock-out strain. The results suggest that the vacuole and late endosome are important potassium storage vesicles and Mdm38p affects the mitochondrial function by regulating copper and iron metabolism. Our study reveals potassium compartmentalization to the subcellular vesicles is relevant for respiratory growth by improving copper utilization and promoting iron absorption.
The human transmembrane mucin MUC17 responds to TNFα by increased presentation at the plasma membrane
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Berger Evelin , Dolan Brendan , Martinez-Abad Beatriz , Arike Liisa , Pelaseyed Thaher , Hansson Gunnar C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Transmembrane mucin MUC17 is an integral part of the glycocalyx as it covers the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes and presents an extended O-glycosylated mucin domain to the intestinal lumen. Here, we identified two unknown phosphorylated serine residues, S4428 and S4492, in the cytoplasmic tail of human MUC17. We have previously demonstrated that MUC17 is anchored to the apical membrane domain via an interaction with the scaffolding protein PDZK1. S4492, localized in the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of MUC17, was mutated to generate phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient variants of MUC17. Using Caco-2 cells as a model system, we found that induction of an inflammatory state by long-term stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα resulted in an increase of MUC17 protein levels and enhanced insertion of MUC17 and its two phospho-variants into apical membranes. Up-regulation and apical insertion of MUC17 was followed by shedding of MUC17-containing vesicles. Transmembrane mucins have previously been shown to play a role in the prevention of bacterial colonization by acting as sheddable decoys for encroaching bacteria. Overexpression and increased presentation at the plasma membrane of wild-type MUC17 and its phosphodeficient variant MUC17 S-4492A protected Caco-2 cells against adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating that C-terminal phosphorylation of MUC17 may play a functional role in epithelial cell protection. We propose a new function for MUC17 in inflammation, where MUC17 acts as a second line of defense by preventing attachment of bacteria to the epithelial cell glycocalyx in the small intestine.
Nuclear angular momentum of early-type galaxies hosting nuclear star clusters
Authors: Lyubenova Mariya , Tsatsi Athanassia 
Published: August 2019

Context. Nucleation is a common phenomenon in all types of galaxies and at least 70% of them host nuclear star clusters (NSCs) in their centres. Many of the NSCs co-habit with supermassive black holes and follow similar scaling relations with host galaxy properties. Unlike black holes, NSCs, preserve the signature of their evolutionary path imprinted onto their kinematics and stellar populations. Thus their study provides us with important information about the formation of galactic nuclei.
Aims. In this paper we explored the angular momentum of the nuclei of six intermediate mass (9.7 >  log(Mdyn/M⊙) > 10.6) early-type galaxies that host NSCs and are located in the Fornax cluster. Our goal was to derive a link between the nuclear angular momentum and the proposed formation scenarios of NSCs.
Methods. We used adaptive optics assisted IFU observations with VLT/SINFONI to derive the spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the galaxy nuclei. We measured their specific stellar angular momenta λRe, and compared these with Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) and N-body simulations of NSC formation.
Results. We found that all studied nuclei exhibit varied stellar kinematics. Their λRe and ellipticities are similar to Milky Way GCs. Five out of six galaxy nuclei are consistent with the λRe − ϵe of simulated NSCs embedded in a contaminating nuclear bulge that have formed via the in-spiralling and merging of GCs.
Conclusion. It has previously been suggested that the NSCs in higher mass galaxies, such as those studied in this paper, form via dissipational sinking of gas onto the galactic nuclei with hints that some might also involve the merger of GCs. In this work we show that we cannot exclude the pure GC merging scenario as a viable path for the formation of NSCs.
Dust properties and star formation of approximately a thousand local galaxies
Authors: Lianou S. , Barmby P. , Mosenkov A. A. , Lehnert M. , Karczewski O. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. We derived the dust properties for 753 local galaxies and examine how these relate to some of their physical properties. We present the derived dust emission properties, including model spectral energy distribution (SEDs), star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses, as well as their relations.
Methods. We modelled the global dust-SEDs for 753 galaxies, treated statistically as an ensemble within a hierarchical Bayesian dust-SED modelling approach, so as to derive their infrared (IR) emission properties. To create the observed dust-SEDs, we used a multi-wavelength set of observations, ranging from near-IR to far-IR-to-submillimeter wavelengths. The model-derived properties are the dust masses (Mdust), the average interstellar radiation field intensities (Uav), the mass fraction of very small dust grains (“QPAH” fraction), as well as their standard deviations. In addition, we used mid-IR observations to derive SFR and stellar masses, quantities independent of the dust-SED modelling.
Results. We derive distribution functions of the properties for the galaxy ensemble and as a function of galaxy type. The mean value of Mdust for the early-type galaxies (ETGs) is lower than that for the late-type and irregular galaxies (LTGs and Irs, respectively), despite ETGs and LTGs having stellar masses spanning across the whole range observed. The Uav and “QPAH” fraction show no difference among different galaxy types. When fixing Uav to the Galactic value, the derived “QPAH” fraction varies across the Galactic value (0.071). The specific SFR increases with galaxy type, while this is not the case for the dust-specific SFR (SFR/Mdust), showing an almost constant star formation efficiency per galaxy type. The galaxy sample is characterised by a tight relationship between the dust mass and the stellar mass for the LTGs and Irs, while ETGs scatter around this relation and tend towards smaller dust masses. While the relation indicates that Mdust may fundamentally be linked to M⋆, metallicity and Uav are the second parameter driving the scatter, which we investigate in a forthcoming work. We used the extended Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) law to estimate the gas mass and the gas-to-dust mass ratio (GDR). The gas mass derived from the extended KS law is on average ∼20% higher than that derived from the KS law, and a large standard deviation indicates the importance of the average star formation present to regulate star formation and gas supply. The average GDR for the LTGs and Irs is 370, and including the ETGs gives an average of 550.
Modelling depletion by re-accretion of gas from a dusty disc in post-AGB stars
Authors: Oomen Glenn-Michael , Van Winckel Hans , Pols Onno , Nelemans Gijs 
Published: August 2019

Many disc-type post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars are chemically peculiar, showing underabundances of refractory elements in their photospheres that correlate with condensation temperature. The aim of this paper is to investigate how accretion from a circumbinary disc can cause this phenomenon of depletion and how this impacts the evolution of post-AGB stars. We used the MESA code to evolve stars in the post-AGB phase, while including accretion of metal-poor gas. We compared the models to a sample of 58 observed disc-type post-AGB stars with chemical abundance data. For each of these stars, we estimated the luminosity and the mass using the Gaia distance. We modelled the accretion rate onto the binary from a viscously evolving disc for a range of initial accretion rates and disc masses. We find that large initial accretion rates (≳3  ×  10−7 M⊙ yr−1) and large initial disc masses (∼10−2 M⊙) are needed to reproduce the observed depleted post-AGB stars. Based on these high accretion rates, the evolution timescale of post-AGB stars can be significantly extended by a factor between two and five. We distinguish depletion patterns that are unsaturated (plateau profile) from those that are saturated, and we expect that post-red giant branch (post-RGB) stars are much more likely to show an unsaturated abundance pattern compared to post-AGB stars. Finally, because of the slower evolution of the low-mass post-RGB stars, we find that these systems can become depleted at lower effective temperatures (<5000 K). We conclude that accretion from a circumbinary disc successfully accounts for the chemical peculiarity of post-AGB stars.
Horizontal branch morphology: A new photometric parametrization
Authors: Torelli M. , Iannicola G. , Stetson P. B. , Ferraro I. , Bono G. , Salaris M. , Castellani M. , Dall’Ora M. , Fontana A. , Monelli M. , Pietrinferni A. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Theory and observations indicate that the distribution of stars along the horizontal branch of Galactic globular clusters mainly depends on the metal content. However, the existence of globular clusters with similar metal content and absolute age but different horizontal branch morphologies, suggests the presence of another parameter affecting the star distribution along the branch.
Aims. To investigate the variation of the horizontal branch morphology in Galactic globular clusters, we define a new photometric horizontal branch morphology index, overcoming some of the limitations and degeneracies affecting similar indices available in the literature.
Methods. We took advantage of a sample of 64 Galactic globular clusters, with both space-based imaging data (Advanced Camera for Surveys survey of Galactic globular clusters) and homogeneous ground-based photometric catalogues in five different bands (U, B, V, R, I). The new index, τHB, is defined as the ratio between the areas subtended by the cumulative number distribution in magnitude (I) and in colour (V − I) of all stars along the horizontal branch.
Results. This new index shows a linear trend over the entire range in metallicity (−2.35 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −0.12) covered by our Galactic globular cluster sample. We found a linear relation between τHB and absolute cluster ages. We also found a quadratic anti-correlation with [Fe/H], becoming linear when we eliminate the age effect on τHB values. Moreover, we identified a subsample of eight clusters that are peculiar according to their τHB values. These clusters have bluer horizontal branch morphology when compared to typical ones of similar metallicity. These findings allow us to define them as the ’second parameter’ clusters in the sample. A comparison with synthetic horizontal branch models suggests that they cannot be entirely explained with a spread in helium content.
Induction and rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks in the
lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients after radium-223 treatment as assessed
by the γH2AX foci assay
Authors: Runge Roswitha , Oehme Liane , Grosche-Schlee Sabine , Braune Anja , Freudenberg Robert , Kotzerke Jörg 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to assess if the number of radiation-induced
double strand breaks (DSB) in lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients is
affected after repeated Ra-223 therapies. In addition, we investigated the
repair of ex vivo induced DSB to investigate the repair proficiency in patient’s
lymphocytes over the therapy course.
Methods Before each of six therapy cycles, blood samples were obtained
from seventeen patients. After separation of lymphocytes, the cells were
subjected to immunofluorescence staining for detection of DSB-marking γH2AX
foci. The number of foci per cell per patient sample was determined for each
cycle (X1-X6, baseline foci per cell). Additionally, appropriate samples were
exposed ex vivo to an X-ray dose of 1 Gy. The number of γH2AX foci per cell were
analyzed after 0.5 h, 2 h and 24 h of recovery.
Results Patient-specific linear regression of the baseline foci per cell
over the therapy cycles revealed no significant slopes in the regression lines.
Likewise, the mean baseline foci per cell of all patients for cycles X2-X6 was
not significantly elevated in comparison to the pre-therapeutic value (X1). The
differences between the percentages of residual DSB and cycles were not
significant, both at 2 h and 24 h repair time. Consideration of the X6/X1 ratios
of both the number of lymphocytes and the amount of residual damage at 24 h
indicated a significant correlation.
Conclusion Our findings indicate that the number of γH2AX foci per cell
was not changed in dependence on the Ra-223 therapy cycles. The ability of
patient’s lymphocytes to repair ex vivo induced DSB remained unaffected
throughout the entire therapy course.
Prognostic Value of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Postoperative Morbidity following Mitral Valve Surgery in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Putra Teuku Muhammad Haykal , Sukmawan Renan , Elen Elen , Atmadikoesoemah Celly A. , Desandri Dwita Rian , Kasim Manoefris 
Published: August 2019

Myocardial fibrosis in rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is caused by chronic inflammatory process. Its occurrence may lead to hemodynamic problems, especially after cardiac surgery. Myocardial fibrosis predicts worse morbidity after cardiac surgery, notably in coronary heart disease and aortic valve abnormalities. However, this issue has not been explored yet among patients with rheumatic MS.The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic impact of myocardial fibrosis to postoperative morbidity after mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic MS.This is a prospectively enrolled observational study of 47 consecutive rheumatic MS patients. All patients had preoperative evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) protocol for left ventricular myocardial fibrosis assessment prior to mitral valve surgery. All patients were followed during hospitalization period. Postoperative morbidities were defined as stroke, renal failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.This study involved 33 women (70.2%) and 14 men (29.8%) with a mean age of 46 ± 10 years. Preoperative myocardial fibrosis was identified in 43 patients (91.5%). Estimated fibrosis volume ranged from 0% to 12.8% (median 2.8%). Postoperative morbidities occurred in 11 patients (23.4%). Significant mean difference of myocardial fibrosis volume was observed between patients with and without morbidity after mitral valve surgery (5.97 ± 4.16% and 3.12 ± 2.62%, p = 0.04). This significant association was allegedly influenced by different postoperative hemodynamic changes between the two groups.More extensive myocardial fibrosis is associated with postoperative morbiditiy after mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic MS.
Why foreign STEM PhDs are unlikely to work for US technology startups
Authors: Roach Michael , Skrentny John 
Published: August 2019

Significance
We provide insights from a longitudinal survey that follows a cohort of 2,324 STEM PhDs from US research universities to their first industry employment in a startup or established firm. We show that foreign PhDs apply to and receive job offers from technology startups at the same rate as US PhDs but are less than half as likely to work in a startup. We present evidence that this discrepancy is not explained by foreign PhDs’ preferences for established firm jobs, risk tolerance, or preference for higher pay. We also show differences in visa sponsorship between startups and established firms, suggesting that visa policies may deter foreign PhDs from working in startups.
Energy and air pollution benefits of household fuel policies in northern China
Authors: Meng Wenjun , Zhong Qirui , Chen Yilin , Shen Huizhong , Yun Xiao , Smith Kirk R. , Li Bengang , Liu Junfeng , Wang Xilong , Ma Jianmin , Cheng Hefa , Zeng Eddy Y. , Guan Dabo , Russell Armistead G. , Tao Shu 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceImpacts of a newly launched rural residential solid fuel substitution campaign in China’s Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area on energy, emission, air quality, and exposure reveal that abating solid fuels will significantly reduce ambient and indoor air pollution, resulting in major health benefits. The campaign will help accelerate China’s energy transition and reduce PM2.5emission and exposure. The expected exposure reduction is largely due to improved indoor air quality, resulting in greater benefits to women.
Activity-evoked and spontaneous opening of synaptic fusion pores
Authors: Bulgari Dinara , Deitcher David L. , Schmidt Brigitte F. , Carpenter M. Alexandra , Szent-Gyorgyi Christopher , Bruchez Marcel P. , Levitan Edwin S. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Neuropeptides are released at synapses to regulate mood and behaviors. Using an imaging approach, formation of neuropeptide-conductive fusion pores are detected at intact native synapses. Surprisingly, it is discovered that these fusion pores open occasionally even when the synapse is not electrically active. These spontaneous events are mechanistically different from the fusion pore opening that is evoked typically by bursts of activity. Spontaneous opening of fusion pores constitutes a mechanism for basal synaptic transmission by neuropeptides even when synapses are electrically silent.
Proteomic and genomic signatures of repeat instability in cancer and adjacent normal tissues
Authors: Persi Erez , Prandi Davide , Wolf Yuri I. , Pozniak Yair , Barnabas Georgina D. , Levanon Keren , Barshack Iris , Barbieri Christopher , Gasperini Paola , Beltran Himisha , Faltas Bishoy M. , Rubin Mark A. , Geiger Tamar , Koonin Eugene V. , Demichelis Francesca , Horn David 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Repeats in proteins, including short tandem repeats, interspersed repeats, and repetitive domains, are hotspots of evolution. However, their role in tumor evolution is essentially unknown, being limited to microsatellites, a small subclass. Here, we develop a computational technique to measure the repeat content in bulk samples, beyond microsatellites, directly from proteomic and genomic sequence raw data of tumors and their matched normal tissues. Our analyses suggest that variations in the repeat content of tumors (repeat instability) are a compensatory, transient, and adaptive mechanism in tumor evolution, which is most pronounced in early stages of tumorigenesis. Repeat instability is also manifested in normal tissues adjacent to tumors and seems to be the first route of escape from stress toward neoplasia.
Spatial domain organization in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase p66 homodimer precursor probed by double electron-electron resonance EPR
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Schwieters Charles D. , Clore G. Marius 
Published: August 2019

Significance
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of viral RNA into DNA, is initially released from the Gag-Pol polyprotein as a p66 homodimer precursor. Further cleavage by HIV-1 protease removes the RNase H domain of only a single subunit to yield the mature p66/p51 heterodimer. We have determined the spatial subunit organization within the p66 homodimer from a large number of distances between spin labels obtained by EPR. We show that the structural subunit asymmetry of the p66/p51 heterodimer is preserved in the p66 homodimer and that only one of the RNase H domains is accessible to HIV-1 protease.
“Doing this kind of linguistics, you do feel like you’re making a difference in the world”
Authors: Daly Nicola 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the stated importance of fieldwork within the discipline of Linguistics, and the existence of several texts about fieldwork (Thieberger, 2012;Bowren, 2008;Newman & Ratliff, 2001), there is very little literature concerning the experience of fieldwork from tertiary students’ perspectives (seeMacaulay, 2012). In this article, the work of four New Zealand postgraduate linguistics students working with fourteen Vanuatu teachers to translate reading materials written in Bislama into seven vernacular languages is documented. Findings indicate that students were motivated to be involved in the fieldwork by a range of factors including travel, altruism, and commitment to the communities and their languages; they drew on and, in some cases, clarified many concepts from their undergraduate studies; and that the fieldwork experiences both allowed them to gain confidence in their linguistic skills and influenced their future studies in linguistics.