bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent Space Physics: Towards Learning the Temporal Evolution of Fluid Flow
Authors: Wiewel S. , Becher M. , Thuerey N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose a method for the data‐driven inference of temporal evolutions of physical functions with deep learning. More specifically, we target fluid flow problems, and we propose a novel LSTM‐based approach to predict the changes of the pressure field over time. The central challenge in this context is the high dimensionality of Eulerian space‐time data sets. We demonstrate for the first time that dense 3D+time functions of physics system can be predicted within the latent spaces of neural networks, and we arrive at a neural‐network based simulation algorithm with significant practical speed‐ups. We highlight the capabilities of our method with a series of complex liquid simulations, and with a set of single‐phase buoyancy simulations. With a set of trained networks, our method is more than two orders of magnitudes faster than a traditional pressure solver. Additionally, we present and discuss a series of detailed evaluations for the different components of our algorithm.
Elastic Correspondence between Triangle Meshes
Authors: Ezuz D. , Heeren B. , Azencot O. , Rumpf M. , Ben‐Chen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for shape matching between triangular meshes that, in contrast to existing methods, can match crease features. Our approach is based on a hybrid optimization scheme, that solves simultaneously for an elastic deformation of the source and its projection on the target. The elastic energy we minimize is invariant to rigid body motions, and its non‐linear membrane energy component favors locally injective maps. Symmetrizing this model enables feature aligned correspondences even for non‐isometric meshes. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach over state of the art methods on isometric and non‐isometric datasets, where we improve the geodesic distance from the ground truth, the conformal and area distortions, and the mismatch of the mean curvature functions. Finally, we show that our computed maps are applicable for surface interpolation, consistent cross‐field computation, and consistent quadrangular remeshing of a set of shapes.
Neural BTF Compression and Interpolation
Authors: Rainer Gilles , Jakob Wenzel , Ghosh Abhijeet , Weyrich Tim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) is a data‐driven solution to render materials with complex appearance. A typical capture contains tens of thousands of images of a material sample under varying viewing and lighting conditions. While capable of faithfully recording complex light interactions in the material, the main drawback is the massive memory requirement, both for storing and rendering, making effective compression of BTF data a critical component in practical applications. Common compression schemes used in practice are based on matrix factorization techniques, which preserve the discrete format of the original dataset. While this approach generalizes well to different materials, rendering with the compressed dataset still relies on interpolating between the closest samples. Depending on the material and the angular resolution of the BTF, this can lead to blurring and ghosting artefacts. An alternative approach uses analytic model fitting to approximate the BTF data, using continuous functions that naturally interpolate well, but whose expressive range is often not wide enough to faithfully recreate materials with complex non‐local lighting effects (subsurface scattering, inter‐reflections, shadowing and masking…). In light of these observations, we propose a neural network‐based BTF representation inspired by autoencoders: our encoder compresses each texel to a small set of latent coefficients, while our decoder additionally takes in a light and view direction and outputs a single RGB vector at a time. This allows us to continuously query reflectance values in the light and view hemispheres, eliminating the need for linear interpolation between discrete samples. We train our architecture on fabric BTFs with a challenging appearance and compare to standard PCA as a baseline. We achieve competitive compression ratios and high‐quality interpolation/extrapolation without blurring or ghosting artifacts.
Controlling Motion Blur in Synthetic Long Time Exposures
Authors: Lancelle M. , Dogan P. , Gross M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn a photo, motion blur can be used as an artistic style to convey motion and to direct attention. In panning or tracking shots, a moving object of interest is followed by the camera during a relatively long exposure. The goal is to get a blurred background while keeping the object sharp. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to impossible to precisely follow the object. Often, many attempts or specialized physical setups are needed.This paper presents a novel approach to create such images. For capturing, the user is only required to take a casually recorded hand‐held video that roughly follows the object. Our algorithm then produces a single image which simulates a stabilized long time exposure. This is achieved by first warping all frames such that the object of interest is aligned to a reference frame. Then, optical flow based frame interpolation is used to reduce ghosting artifacts from temporal undersampling. Finally, the frames are averaged to create the result.As our method avoids segmentation and requires little to no user interaction, even challenging sequences can be processed successfully. In addition, artistic control is available in a number of ways. The effect can also be applied to create videos with an exaggerated motion blur. Results are compared with previous methods and ground truth simulations. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by applying it to hundreds of datasets. The most interesting results are shown in the paper and in the supplemental material.
A CNN‐based Flow Correction Method for Fast Preview
Authors: Xiao Xiangyun , Wang Hui , Yang Xubo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEulerian‐based smoke simulations are sensitive to the initial parameters and grid resolutions. Due to the numerical dissipation on different levels of the grid and the nonlinearity of the governing equations, the differences in simulation resolutions will result in different results. This makes it challenging for artists to preview the animation results based on low‐resolution simulations. In this paper, we propose a learning‐based flow correction method for fast previewing based on low‐resolution smoke simulations. The main components of our approach lie in a deep convolutional neural network, a grid‐layer feature vector and a special loss function. We provide a novel matching model to represent the relationship between low‐resolution and high‐resolution smoke simulations and correct the overall shape of a low‐resolution simulation to closely follow the shape of a high‐resolution down‐sampled version. We introduce the grid‐layer concept to effectively represent the 3D fluid shape, which can also reduce the input and output dimensions. We design a special loss function for the fluid divergence‐free constraint in the neural network training process. We have demonstrated the efficacy and the generality of our approach by simulating a diversity of animations deviating from the original training set. In addition, we have integrated our approach into an existing fluid simulation framework to showcase its wide applications.
A Survey on Gradient‐Domain Rendering
Authors: Hua Binh‐Son , Gruson Adrien , Petitjean Victor , Zwicker Matthias , Nowrouzezahrai Derek , Eisemann Elmar , Hachisuka Toshiya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonte Carlo methods for physically‐based light transport simulation are broadly adopted in the feature film production, animation and visual effects industries. These methods, however, often result in noisy images and have slow convergence. As such, improving the convergence of Monte Carlo rendering remains an important open problem. Gradient‐domain light transport is a recent family of techniques that can accelerate Monte Carlo rendering by up to an order of magnitude, leveraging a gradient‐based estimation and a reformulation of the rendering problem as an image reconstruction. This state of the art report comprehensively frames the fundamentals of gradient‐domain rendering, as well as the pragmatic details behind practical gradient‐domain uniand bidirectional path tracing and photon density estimation algorithms. Moreover, we discuss the various image reconstruction schemes that are crucial to accurate and stable gradient‐domain rendering. Finally, we benchmark various gradient‐domain techniques against the state‐of‐the‐art in denoising methods before discussing open problems.
Effects of clinical local factors on thickness and morphology of Schneiderian membrane: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Ataman‐Duruel Emel T. , Duruel Onurcem , Tözüm Melek D. , Yildirim Tuba T. , Tözüm Tolga F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt was informed that the thickness of maxillary sinus membrane may be affected by the local and patient‐related factors in the literature.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate factors that may have an influence of the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane.Materials and MethodsA total of 414 cone beam computed tomography images of 207 patients were evaluated. Radiographic parameters were evaluated at each maxillary premolar and molar tooth regions. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between the maxillary sinus mucosa thickness and morphology. The following factors including gender, periodontal bone loss (PBL), bone density, amount of residual alveolar bone at the edentulous space, vitality of the teeth present, and anatomical relationship between the sinus floor and posterior teeth were evaluated.ResultsThe mean thickness of maxillary sinus membrane ranged between 1.47 to 2.92 mm and was significantly thicker in male subjects (P < .05). Positive correlation was detected between the sinus membrane thickness values in each posterior tooth region (P < .05). Thickening of the membrane was noted in 53% of the scans. The most commonly observed morphological change was flat thickening of the membrane (21%). No correlation was found between the evaluated local factors on the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane (P > .05).ConclusionsTooth vitality, residual alveolar bone height, and PBL seem to have no effect on the thickness and morphology of the maxillary sinus membrane.
Contact urticaria: Frequency, elicitors and cofactors in three cohorts (Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; Network of Anaphylaxis; and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany)
Authors: Süß Helene , Dölle‐Bierke Sabine , Geier Johannes , Kreft Burkhard , Oppel Eva , Pföhler Claudia , Skudlik Christoph , Worm Margitta , Mahler Vera 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundContact urticaria (CU) is an infrequent, mostly occupational disease that may be life‐threatening (CU syndrome stage 4).ObjectivesTo identify the current frequency, elicitors and cofactors of CU.PatientsThree cohorts were retrospectively analysed for CU: (a) patients from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) database (2000‐2014; n = 159 947); (b) patients from an allergy unit (Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 2000‐2015; n = 4741); and (c) patients from the Anaphylaxis Registry (2007‐2015: 6365 reported cases, including 2473 patients with Ring and Messmer grade III‐IV reactions) for severe cases with skin/mucosal manifestations occurring at the workplace vs cases not occurring at the workplace (n = 68 vs n = 1821).ResultsFour hundred and forty‐eight CU patients (0.28%) were diagnosed in the IVDK cohort, and 16 (0.34%) (10 of immunological aetiology, and 6 of non‐immunological aetiology) in the Erlangen cohort. The most frequent elicitors in the IVDK cohort were cosmetics, creams, sun protection agents (although these were less frequent in CU patients than in controls without CU; 26.8% vs 35.6%, P < .0001), and gloves (significantly more frequent in CU patients than in controls; 18.1% vs 6.5%, P < .0001). The most frequent elicitors in the Erlangen cohort were natural rubber latex and sorbic acid. Among the MOAHLFA index characteristics, in both cohorts occupational disease was more common in CU patients than in patients without CU. CU was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Wet work was a relevant cofactor. In the Anaphylaxis Registry, 19 cases (0.3%) were identified with severe reactions including skin symptoms at the workplace linked to common occupational elicitors.ConclusionsCU is a rare occupational skin manifestation with a frequency of <0.4% in the examined patients; it may, however, progress to anaphylaxis. Preventive measures are important, and should take into account the identified elicitors and cofactors.
Association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dong Weigang , Zhu Yaqian , Du Yan , Ma Shuping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. A detailed understanding of which clinical features of COPD increase risk of VTE events is needed.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism.MethodsA retrospective observational clinical study was conducted on 551 consecutive COPD patients visiting the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Chest Hospital between February 2014 and April 2018. Finally, 151 patients were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 29 patients had COPD with VTE and 121 patients had COPD without VTE. Patient informations regarding age, gender, BMI, smoking history, smoking status (package/year), COPD‐related symptoms, lung function, number of acute exacerbations and imaging visual emphysema were gathered.ResultsAmong the 29 VTE patients, 18 patients had PE and five had DVT, while 6 patients had simultaneous PE and DVT. There were statistically significant differences in GOLD grade, Imaging visual emphysema, and frequent acute exacerbations between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and smoking history, there were statistically significant for visible emphysema (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.13‐11.08; P = 0.03) and GOLD grade (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04‐3.01; P = 0.035), but not for frequent acute exacerbations (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.62‐4.38; P = 0.31).ConclusionsVisual emphysema is an independent risk factor for VTE events and the risk of VTE in COPD patients increases with the degree of airway obstruction. However, there is no evidence of an association between exacerbation frequency and VTE events.
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin add‐on therapy to insulin in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Isaka Hiroyuki , Sakatani Taishi , Toyoshima Junko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg versus placebo in Japanese people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) inadequately controlled with insulin.Materials and methodsWe conducted a multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled phase 3 study. Participants (N = 175) were randomized (2:1) to receive once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg (n = 115) or placebo (n = 60), combined with insulin, for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c); key secondary endpoints included change in insulin dose and body weight. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated.ResultsThe ipragliflozin group demonstrated a significant decrease in HbA1c from baseline to end of treatment versus the placebo group: adjusted mean difference (AMD) −3.8 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] −6.2, −1.5) or − 0.36% (95% CI −0.57, −0.14; P = 0.001). Significant reductions in total daily insulin dose (AMD −7.35 IU [95% CI −9.09, −5.61]; P < 0.001) and body weight (AMD −2.87 kg [95% CI −3.58, −2.16]; P < 0.001) were observed for the ipragliflozin group versus placebo. Two serious TEAEs occurred (major hypoglycaemia and abdominal abscess); both were in the placebo group. All other TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. Four cases of study discontinuation occurred; three in the placebo group and one in the ipragliflozin group. No diabetic ketoacidosis was reported for any participant in this study.ConclusionsDaily ipragliflozin 50 mg in combination with insulin significantly reduced HbA1c, daily insulin dose and body weight versus placebo in people with T1DM. No safety concerns were identified after 24 weeks of treatment. Overall, once‐daily ipragliflozin 50 mg was both efficacious and well tolerated.
Histological assessment of stromal maturity as a prognostic factor in surgically treated gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kemi Niko A , Eskuri Maarit , Pohjanen Vesa‐Matti , Karttunen Tuomo J , Kauppila Joonas H 
Published: June 2019

AimsHistological assessment of stromal maturity is a potential prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, but its applicability in gastric adenocarcinoma is completely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and prognostic significance of assessing stromal maturity in gastric adenocarcinoma.Methods and resultsThis study was conducted retrospectively in a cohort of 583 gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated surgically in Oulu University Hospital, Finland between 1983 and 2016. The original diagnostic slides were used for assessment of stromal maturity. Patients were divided into mature stroma and immature stroma groups, and stromal maturity was analysed in relation to 5‐year and overall survival (OS). The primary outcome of the study was 5‐year survival, and the secondary outcome was OS. The kappa‐coefficient for interobserver agreement was 0.609. Patients with immature stroma had worse 5‐year survival compared to patients with mature stroma [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.64]. Stromal maturity was significantly associated with 5‐year survival in intestinal‐type subgroup (adjusted HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 1.20–2.21), but not in the diffuse‐type subgroup (adjusted HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.87–1.70).ConclusionsStromal maturity is an independent prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma, and it can be analysed with moderate reproducibility.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis – retrospective review of cases in a high complexity hospital in Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Marcella P. , Carvalho Caroline H. C. , Santi Cláudia G. , Avancini Joao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare conditions characterized by epidermal necrosis, mostly caused by drugs. Despite the rarity of these conditions, morbidity and mortality are high (even in previously healthy patients), and they may be associated with permanent sequelae.MethodsA retrospective study conducted at a quaternary hospital in Brazil in a period of 10 years.ResultsThe sample was composed by 41 patients with SJS, SJS/TEN, and TEN confirmed by skin biopsy. Antibiotics and anticonvulsants were the most frequently implied drug classes, and phenytoin was the most important individual culprit drug. In this study, 12.2% of the patients had sequelae, being ophthalmological lesions the most common and one case of a newly described hearing loss. The mortality rate was 16.7% in patients with TEN.ConclusionsThis study describes the largest Latin American case series of SJS and TEN with the diagnosis proven by skin biopsy and adds important data regarding the profile of the disease in Brazil. It also describes a novel sequelae of hearing loss.
Carotenoids and lipophilic antioxidant capacities of tomato purées as affected by high hydrostatic pressure processing
Authors: Jeż Maja , Błaszczak Wioletta , Zielińska Danuta , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Białobrzewski Ireneusz 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (450–550–650 MPa/5–10–15 min) on the carotenoid profile of purées obtained from commercial tomato varieties (Maliniak, Cerise, Black Prince and Lima) was investigated. The carotenoids profile was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐DAD). Photochemiluminescence (PCLACL), ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) assays were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic extracts. The results demonstrated that at certain processing conditions, HHP distinctly enhanced antioxidant capacity of the studied material. A significant reduction in lycopene and β‐Carotene concentration was observed for all the HHP‐treated purées. In contrast, lutein found in the purée extracts of Cerise and Black Prince tomatoes was slightly affected at 550 MPa/5 min and 650 MPa/5 min. Among all the carotenoids studied, lutein strongly and significantly affected PCLACL and CV parameters. In contrast, lycopene had a negligible effect on the examined parameters.
Synthetic phosphoserine dimer attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells via activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs cell signalling pathways
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Cai Na , Mine Yoshinori 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that phosvitin phosphopeptides could exert anti‐inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated small intestine epithelial cells. However, the role of phosphopeptides in inflammation‐related cell signalling pathways remains to be elucidated. Here, the anti‐inflammation effect of a synthetic phosphoserine dimer (2PS) in cell signalling pathways were evaluated by PCR array and immunoblotting assays. Our results showed that 2PS led to reduced secretion of LPS‐induced IL‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner, and downregulation of the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammation cytokines in HT‐29 cell cultures, including IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐12, TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Compared to LPS alone, treatment with 2PS + LPS exerted downregulation of gene expression in the TLR4‐related cell signalling pathway, including MyD88, IRAK1, IKKε and IKKγ, as well as transcription factors RELs, JUN, and FOS. At the protein level, cell treatment with 2PS led to a decline in LPS‐induced phosphorylation of IκB, ERK1/2, and p‐38 MAPKs. Our results indicate that 2PS attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation through down‐regulation of NF‐κB pathway and inhibition of MAPKs phosphorylation.
A physical therapist’s role in pain management: A biopsychosocial perspective
Authors: Edgerton Kara , Hall Jarod , Bland Michelle K. , Marshall Blaine , Hulla Ryan , Gatchel Robert J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimPeople suffering with chronic pain have a decreased quality of life in both the physical and psychosocial dimensions. Popular treatment methods for a chronic pain patient are opioid prescriptions and surgery, which may not be beneficial to long‐term outcomes in chronic pain patients, and may actually result in reducing a patient's overall health.PurposeThis review will examine the role of the physical therapist in treating chronic pain patients in regard to the biopsychosocial model. Reviewing chronic pain through a biopsychosocial perspective, screening, evaluation, intervention selection, and problems with programs adherence in regard to chronic pain patients in physical therapy will be discussed. Psychosocial components of chronic pain including fear of movement and depression are also examined in how they can hinder or interfere with physical therapy treatment and evaluation.ConclusionWhen treating chronic pain patients, applying the biopsychosocial perspective to physical therapy with a focus on restoring physical function could provide the least invasive treatment for chronic pain patients with optimal outcomes.