bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical tourism and its niched impact in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Mirvahedi Seyed Hadi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTourism with all its concomitant economic and sociocultural influences across the globe accounts for today’s largest mobilization of people, money, and culture. This study explores how the arrival of medical tourists from the Republic of Azerbaijan in the city of Tabriz in Iran over the last few years has had a niched impact on the linguistic landscape of the city. Drawing upon theoretical developments within the sociolinguistics of globalization and mobility and linguistic landscapes, the research sheds light on how Azerbaijanis in Tabriz mobilize certain semiotic resources to bothconstruct localityandchannel mobilityfor their co-ethnic medical tourists, both establishing a sense of ‘at-homeness’ and attracting more travelers and economic gain. Given the legal prohibition of using foreign languages on public signage, the research also uncovers contesting language ideologies which may contribute to the development of a tension between Azerbaijani, as the largest minority language, and Farsi, the only official language, challenging the semiotic domination of Farsi over Azerbaijani.
The use of tag questions in the oral production of L2 English learners
Authors: Doval-Suárez Susana M. , González Álvarez Elsa M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Although tag questions (TQs) are a conspicuous and frequently discussed phenomenon of spoken English, little is known about their acquisition by L2 learners. Drawing on two spoken comparable corpora, this study discusses differences between Spanish learners’ and native speakers’ (NS) use of canonical tag questions (CTQs). Our results reveal that CTQs are significantly underused by Spanish learners as compared to their native counterparts. The reasons cannot be found in the learners’ L1, since underuse is pervasive in the 11 subcomponents of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage and CTQs are known to be more frequent in Spanish than in English. The rather low frequency of English CTQs in the Louvain Corpus of Native English Conversation as compared with a reference corpus (ICE-GB) points to context-related factors.
“Okay … so … nice to meet you? {smiles}”
Authors: Brunner Marie-Louise , Diemer Stefan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The chapter examines discourse strategies used in conversation openings in CASE, the Corpus of Academic Spoken English (2018), containing English as a Lingua Franca conversations via Skype. Although there are similarities to telephone conversation openings, openings in CASE show differences in content and structure, accommodating the particular setup of Skype conversations and the computer-mediated discourse environment. The different sequences in Skype conversation openings are organized and negotiated cooperatively by participants. They are signalled by significant overuse of the following transition markers (TMs) between sequences: discourse markers, pauses and hesitation markers, laughter, repetitions, and lengthening. The quantitative analysis confirms that TMs occur significantly more often in transition zones between opening sequences than in both non-transition zones and openings as a whole.
An initial description of syntactic extensions in spoken Czech
Authors: Oloff Florence , Havlík Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003;Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.
Placing ELF among the varieties of English
Authors: Laitinen Mikko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study investigates how (dis)similar ELF is structurally from the core native varieties of English, indigenized L2 varieties, and learner English. ELF is understood as second language use of English in settings where the interactants do not necessarily share a first language. The empirical part makes use of the method of typological profiling based on aggregate structural features. This method measures three indices (i.e. grammaticity, analyticity, and syntheticity), and it has been used previously to analyze a range of variety types but has not been applied to the assessment of ELF. The results provide quantitative evidence that places ELF on the map and shows that, on purely structural grounds, ELF is a distinct variety type among English varieties. Moreover, the observations show that ELF is structurally different from second language acquisition, and there is a quantitative basis for drawing a distinction between ELF and traditional learner data.
“I’m an Anglophile, but …”
Authors: Edwards Alison 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study, at the interface of language ideologies, corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, explores perceptions of English in the Netherlands through recurrent discourse patterns in a corpus of language-attitudinal commentary by 724 Dutch informants. The informants position English as a purely utilitarian tool for international communication. Yet, a key ideological narrative revolves around the perceived “unnecessary” use and “overuse” of English within Dutch society to appear cosmopolitan, clever or “cool”. This suggests many people are (or are believed to be) mobilising the language for local interpersonal relations and identity construction. These functions go beyond mere instrumentalism, suggesting English may be being used as not just a “foreign”/“international” language but rather an additional local language for creative self-expression and identity performance.
Cultivars, anatomy and improvement.
Authors: Creasy G. L. , Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Grapes are one of the world's most-planted horticultural crops, and there is a wide range of cultivars in use, many of them well suited to a particular area or end use. In addition to listing the most used cultivars, this chapter discusses clones, or selections within a cultivar, which are another important variable in the growing of quality grapes. After a review of the parts of the vine, a brief discussion is given about vine breeding and improvement.
Vineyard establishment.
Authors: Creasy G. L. , Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In this chapter, the process of putting in a vineyard is followed from first thoughts to making sure that the vines get off to a healthy start, ready to produce as much high-quality crop as possible for the life of the vineyard. The site selection (considering climatic factors, soil types, slope and aspect of land and other factors), site planning, choice of rootstocks, propagation (including layering, cuttings and grafting), planting and the vine establishment are discussed.
Mechanization.
Authors: Creasy G. L. , Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides additional detail around mechanization of a variety of vineyard operations, focusing on weed management, canopy management, crop management and harvesting, pruning, and environmental monitoring. With increased mechanization comes the opportunity to gather more information. Clearly, the problem in the future will not be getting information, but developing methods to be able to collate and analyse it all, culminating with useful recommendations for management.
The Combined Auricular Graft: A New Technique for Mestizo Nasal Tip Surgery
Authors: Escobar Paulo A , Zimmermann Simon , Lunger Lukas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Current literature lacks a single cartilage graft to address problems in projection, rotation, and/or definition in mestizo patients that considers the alar cartilage structure, length, and shape characteristics of this population.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe a novel technique and evaluate the aesthetic outcomes of the combined auricular graft in mestizo patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty using the combined auricular graft between January 2015 and June 2017 was performed. The minimum duration of follow-up was 6 months. Main outcomes were nasal tip projection and tip rotation angle.

Results
Among the 61 patients (38 women [62.2%] and 23 men [37.8%]; mean age, 29.3 ± 10.8 years), the mean differences in projection were statistically significant between T0 and T1, T0 and T2, and T0 and T3 (1.63, 1.39, and 1.32 mm, respectively). Thus, 80.9% of the increase in projection that had been achieved at T1 was maintained at T3 (P &lt; 0.001). The relapse ratio measured 19.1% (mean difference T1-T3, 0.31 ± 0.10 mm). The mean tip rotation angle at T0 (111.69 ± 3.59°) significantly increased by 2.37 ± 3.13° (T3, 114.06 ± 2.50°, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
One single auricular cartilage graft can significantly improve projection and/or rotation by simultaneously addressing structure, length, and shape of lower lateral cartilages. Misbalance between the medial and lateral crura is avoided and retraction risks are prevented. Consequently, a more natural, precise, and accurate tip position is obtained.

Level of Evidence: 4
Control principles for complex biological networks
Authors: Li Min , Gao Hao , Wang Jianxin , Wu Fang-Xiang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Networks have been widely used to model the structure of various biological systems. Currently, a series of approaches have been developed to construct reliable biological networks. However, the ultimate understanding of a biological system is to steer its states to the desired ones by imposing signals. The control process is dominated by the intrinsic structure and the dynamic propagation. To understand the underlying mechanisms behind the life process, the control theory can be applied to biological networks with specific target requirements. In this article, we first introduce the structural controllability of complex networks and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. Then, we review the effective control to meet the specific requirements for complex biological networks. Moreover, we summarize the existing methods for finding the unique minimum set of driver nodes via the optimal control for complex networks. Finally, we discuss the relationships between biological networks and structural controllability, effective control and optimal control. Moreover, potential applications of general control principles are pointed out.
A potential central role of Thaumarchaeota in N-Cycling in a semi-arid environment, Fort Stanton Cave, Snowy River passage, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Kimble Jason C , Winter Ara S , Spilde Michael N , Sinsabaugh Robert L , Northup Diana E 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTLow biomass and productivity of arid-land caves with limited availability of nitrogen (N) raises the question of how microbes acquire and cycle this essential element. Caves are ideal environments for investigating microbial functional capabilities, as they lack phototrophic activity and have near constant temperatures and high relative humidity. From the walls of Fort Stanton Cave (FSC), multicolored secondary mineral deposits of soil-like material low in fixed N, known as ferromanganese deposits (FMD), were collected. We hypothesized that within FMD samples we would find the presence of microbial N cycling genes and taxonomy related to N cycling microorganisms. Community DNA were sequenced using Illumina shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results suggest a diverse N cycle encompassing several energetic pathways including nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction and denitrification. N cycling genes associated with assimilatory nitrate reduction were also identified. Functional gene sequences and taxonomic findings suggest several bacterial and archaeal phyla potentially play a role in nitrification pathways in FSC and FMD. Thaumarchaeota, a deep-branching archaeal division, likely play an essential and possibly dominant role in the oxidation of ammonia. Our results provide genomic evidence for understanding how microbes are potentially able to acquire and cycle N in a low-nutrient subterranean environment.
Progressive Resistance Training Improves Torque Capacity and Strength in Mobility-Limited Older Adults
Authors: Englund Davis A , Price Lori Lyn , Grosicki Gregory J , Iwai Megumi , Kashiwa Makoto , Liu Christine , Reid Kieran F , Fielding Roger A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundProgressive resistance training (PRT) is consistently shown to improve muscle strength in older adults. The efficacy of PRT to improve muscle fatigue in older adults with demonstrated mobility limitations remains unclear.MethodsMobility-limited (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] ≤ 9) older adults (age 70–92 years) were recruited for this study and randomized to either PRT or home-based flexibility (FLEX) 3 d/wk for 12 weeks. Muscle fatigue and strength outcomes were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was torque capacity, a composite measure of strength and fatigue, defined as the sum of peak torques from an isokinetic fatigue test.ResultsSeventy participants were randomized (mean [SD] age 78.9 [5.4] years; 60% female; mean [SD] SPPB 7.5 [1.6]). At follow-up, the PRT group improved significantly in torque capacity, mean between-group difference (95% confidence interval) 466.19 (138.4, 793.97) Nm (p = .006), and maximal strength 127.3 (60.96, 193.61) Nm (p = .0003), when compared with FLEX group. Neither group demonstrated significant changes in muscle fatigue or torque variability.ConclusionTwelve weeks of PRT improved torque capacity, as well as strength in mobility-limited older adults. These results demonstrate PRT improves multiple age-related muscular impairments.
Early-Life Adversity and Dysregulation of Adult Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm
Authors: Karlamangla Arun S , Merkin Sharon Stein , Almeida David M , Friedman Esther M , Mogle Jacqueline A , Seeman Teresa E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Exposure to life stresses can lead to diminution in the capacity of stress response systems to mount a robust response to new challenges, with blunting of dynamic range—the spread between maximal attainable and minimal resting levels. We investigate the association between early-life adversity and the dynamic range of adult diurnal cortisol secretion.

Method
In 35- to 86-year-old adults, cortisol assayed from 16 saliva samples over 4 consecutive days was used to compute diurnal dynamic range and area under the curve (AUC). Economic adversity in childhood was indexed by recalled parental education, family welfare dependence, and perceived financial status; and childhood social adversity by parental separation, death, and abuse.

Results
Adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, both childhood adversities were strongly associated with smaller adult cortisol diurnal dynamic range, but not with AUC. The association with cortisol dynamic range was explained by adult social and economic variables.

Discussion
Early-life adversity appears to leave a long-term imprint on cortisol secretion dynamics, reducing diurnal dynamic range without increasing total secretion. This points to the importance of examining the adaptation capacity of physiological systems when studying the impact of early-life and chronic stresses on adult health.
Genome-wide definition of selective sweeps reveals molecular evidence of trait-driven domestication among elite goat (Capra species) breeds for the production of dairy, cashmere, and meat
Authors: Zhang Bao , Chang Liao , Lan Xianyong , Asif Nadeem , Guan Fanglin , Fu Dongke , Li Bo , Yan Chunxia , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Xiaoyan , Huang Yongzhen , Chen Hong , Yu Jun , Li Shengbin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The domestication of wild goats and subsequent intensive trait-driven crossing, inbreeding, and selection have led to dramatic phenotypic purification and intermediate breeds for the high-quality production of dairy, cashmere wool, and meat. Genomic resequencing provides a powerful means for the direct identification of trait-associated sequence variations that underlie molecular mechanisms of domestication.

Results
Here, we report our effort to define such variations based on data from domestic goat breeds (Capra aegagrus hircus; five each) selected for dairy, cashmere, and meat production in reference to their wild ancestors, the Sindh ibex (Capra aegagrus blythi; two) and the Markhor (Capra falconeri; two). Using ~24 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ~1.9 million insertions/deletions, and 2,317 copy number variations, we define SNP-desert-associated genes (SAGs), domestic-associated genes (DAGs), and trait-associated genes (TAGs) and attempt to associate them with quantitative trait loci (QTL), domestication, and agronomic traits. A greater majority of SAGs shared by all domestic breeds are classified into Gene Ontology categories of metabolism and cell cycle. DAGs, together with some SAGs, are most relevant to behavior, immunity, and trait specificity. Whereas, TAGs such as growth differentiation factor 5 and fibroblast growth factor 5 for bone and hair growth, respectively, appear to be directly involved in growth regulation.

Conclusions
When investigating the divergence of Capra populations, the sequence variations and candidate function-associated genes we have identified provide valuable molecular markers for trait-driven genetic mapping and breeding.
Long-time Behavior of Solutions to Cubic Dirac Equation with Hartree Type Nonlinearity in ℝ1+2
Authors: Tesfahun Achenef 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study the long-time behavior of solutions to the Dirac equation $$\begin{equation*} \big ( -i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu + m \big) \psi= \left(V \ast ( \overline \psi \psi)\right) \psi \ \ \textrm{in } \ {\mathbb{R}}^{1+2},\end{equation*}$$where $V$ is the Yukawa potential in ${\mathbb{R}}^{2}$. It is proved that if $m&gt;0$ and the initial data is small in $H^s({\mathbb{R}}^2)$ for $s&gt;0$, the corresponding initial value problem is globally well posed and the solution scatters to free waves asymptotically as $t \rightarrow \pm \infty $. The main ingredients in the proof are Strichartz estimates and space-time $L^2$-bilinear null-form estimates for free waves.
Neonatal outcomes among offspring of obese women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in early versus late pregnancy
Authors: Grotenfelt N E , Rönö K , Eriksson J G , Valkama A , Meinilä J , Kautiainen H , Stach-Lempinen B , Koivusalo S B 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Maternal metabolic derangements associated with early pregnancy gestational diabetes may affect the fetus differently compared with gestational diabetes diagnosed later in pregnancy. The aim of this observational study was to assess neonatal outcomes according to timing of gestational diabetes diagnosis in obese women.

Methods
Women ≥18 years of age with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were grouped according to the results of a 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test performed at 13.1 weeks of gestation and repeated at 23.4 weeks if normal at first testing. The main outcomes were birthweight and large for gestational age.

Results
Out of 361 women, 164 (45.4%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, 133 (81.1%) of them in early pregnancy. The mean offspring birthweight was 3673 g (standard deviation (SD) 589 g) in the early and 3710 g (SD 552 g) in the late gestational diabetes group. In a multivariate logit model, the odds ratio for large for gestational age was 2.01 (95% CI: 0.39–10.39) in early compared with late gestational diabetes.

Conclusions
We observed no statistically significant differences in neonatal outcomes according to timing of gestational diabetes diagnosis. In addition to lack of power, early treatment of hyperglycemia may partly explain the results.
RADIATION DOSE DETERMINATION IN ABDOMINAL CT EXAMINATIONS OF CHILDREN AT SUDANESE HOSPITALS USING SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATES
Authors: Bashier Einas H , Suliman I I 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, we thought to estimate the radiation exposure of children undergoing multi-detector CT examinations using size-specific dose estimates (SSDE). Console-displayed volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) were recorded for a total of 78 paediatric abdominal CT examinations performed in six hospitals. Measurements of the patient diameters were taken from the mid-slice location on the transverse and scout CT images. Size-specific conversion coefficients were used to translate CTDIvol to the SSDE, according AAPM Report 204. For children aged 0–1 y, CTDIvol, SSDEtrans (from transverse images) and SSDEsco (from scout images) were: 12.80 ± 16.10, 14.43 ± 13.22; and 14.37 ± 13.03 mGy; respectively. For children aged 1–5 y, CTDIvol, SSDEtrans and SSDEsco were: 12.11 ± 14.47, 18.8 ± 18.61 and 16.51 ± 13.55 mGy; respectively. The obtained doses are higher than the corresponding diagnostic reference levels. SSDE increase with patient size as results of tube current modulation and is therefore a valuable tool for dose optimisation.
First Drug Approved to Reduce Bleeding Risk During Medical Procedures in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: August 2018

Avatrombopag (Doptelet) is now approved to treat thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic liver disease who are scheduled for a medical or dental procedure.The drug has been associated with thrombotic and thromboembolic complications. Nurses should teach patients prescribed avatrombopag how to assess for blood clots.
Nursing Simulation and Transfer of Knowledge in Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Literature Review
Authors: Alt-Gehrman Penny 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this literature review was to describe what research has been conducted on transfer of knowledge using high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) and determine what further research is needed.

BACKGROUND
The use of HFPS has expanded rapidly in recent years. There is research suggesting that HFPS effectively educates nurses for clinical practice.

METHOD
An extensive literature search was conducted and analyzed for themes. Exclusion criteria were studies that focused only on graduate-level nursing education, accelerated programs, medical students, registered nurses, and use of low-fidelity simulation or standardized patients.

RESULTS
Themes that emerged included competence, confidence, safety, timing, method and delivery. Study results varied, with only some showing transfer.

CONCLUSION
More research is needed to determine how HFPS influences knowledge transfer to the clinical setting.