bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, but not chemical, antiherbivore defense expression is related to the clustered spatial distribution of tropical trees in an Amazonian forest
Authors: Cobo‐Quinche Johanna , Endara María‐José , Valencia Renato , Muñoz‐Upegui Dolly , Cárdenas Rafael E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The conspecific negative density dependence hypothesis states that mortality of young trees (seedlings and saplings) is higher near conspecific adults due to mechanisms such as allelopathy, intraspecific competition, and pest facilitation, explaining why in the tropics, most of plant species tend to be rare and live dispersed. However, there are some tree species that defy this expectation and grow in large clusters of conspecific juveniles and adults. We hypothesize that conspecifics living in clusters show higher and/or more variable defensive profiles than conspecifics with dispersed distributions.

We evaluated our hypothesis by assessing the expression of physical leaf traits (thickness, and the resistance to punch, tear and shear) and leaf chemical defenses for six clustered and six non‐clustered tree species in Yasuní National Park, Ecuadorian Amazon. We ask ourselves whether (a) clustered species have leaves with higher physical resistance to damage and more chemical defenses variability than non‐clustered species; (b) saplings of clustered species may show higher physical resistance to damage and higher variation on chemical leaf defenses than their conspecific adults, and (c) saplings of non‐clustered species show lower resistance to physical damage and lower variation in chemical defenses compared to conspecific adults.

Overall, our study did not support any of our hypotheses. Remarkably, we found that soluble metabolites were significantly species‐specific.

Our study suggests that plants physical but not chemical leaf antiherbivore defenses may be a crucial strategy for explaining survivorship of clustered species. Trees in Yasuní may also fall along a suite of tolerance/escape/defense strategies based on limitations of each species physiological constraints for survival and establishment. We conclude that other mechanisms, such as those related to indirect defenses, soil nutrient exploitation efficiency, volatile organic compounds, delayed leaf‐greening, and seed dispersal mechanisms, shall be evaluated to understand conspecific coexistence in this forest.
Urban colonization through multiple genetic lenses: The city‐fox phenomenon revisited
Authors: DeCandia Alexandra L. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Heppenheimer Elizabeth , Caro Catherine V. , Camenisch Glauco , Wandeler Peter , Driscoll Carlos , vonHoldt Bridgett M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUrbanization is driving environmental change on a global scale, creating novel environments for wildlife to colonize. Through a combination of stochastic and selective processes, urbanization is also driving evolutionary change. For instance, difficulty in traversing human‐modified landscapes may isolate newly established populations from rural sources, while novel selective pressures, such as altered disease risk, toxicant exposure, and light pollution, may further diverge populations through local adaptation. Assessing the evolutionary consequences of urban colonization and the processes underlying them is a principle aim of urban evolutionary ecology. In the present study, we revisited the genetic effects of urbanization on red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that colonized Zurich, Switzerland. Through use of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite markers linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), we expanded upon a previous neutral microsatellite study to assess population structure, characterize patterns of genetic diversity, and detect outliers associated with urbanization. Our results indicated the presence of one large evolutionary cluster, with substructure evident between geographic sampling areas. In urban foxes, we observed patterns of neutral and functional diversity consistent with founder events and reported increased differentiation between populations separated by natural and anthropogenic barriers. We additionally reported evidence of selection acting on MHC‐linked markers and identified outlier loci with putative gene functions related to energy metabolism, behavior, and immunity. We concluded that demographic processes primarily drove patterns of diversity, with outlier tests providing preliminary evidence of possible urban adaptation. This study contributes to our overall understanding of urban colonization ecology and emphasizes the value of combining datasets when examining evolutionary change in an increasingly urban world.
Lipopolysaccharide impacts murine CD103+ DC differentiation, altering the lung DC population balance
Authors: Brassard Julyanne , Maheux Catherine , Langlois Anick , Bernatchez Emilie , Marsolais David , Flamand Nicolas , Blanchet Marie‐Renee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConventional DCs are a heterogeneous population that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. The lung DC population comprises CD103+XCR1+ DC1s and CD11b+ DC2s; their various combined functions cover the whole spectrum of immune responses needed to maintain homeostasis. Here, we report that in vivo exposure to LPS leads to profound alterations in the proportions of CD103+XCR1+ DCs in the lung. Using ex vivo LPS and TNF stimulations of murine lung and spleen‐isolated DCs, we show that this is partly due to a direct downregulation of the GM‐CSF‐induced DC CD103 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LPS‐induced systemic inflammation alters the transcriptional signature of DC precursors toward a lower capacity to differentiate into XCR1+ DCs. Also, we report that TNF prevents the capacity of pre‐DCs to express CD103 upon maturation. Overall, our results indicate that exposure to LPS directly impacts the capacity of pre‐DCs to differentiate into XCR1+ DCs, in addition to lowering their capacity to express CD103. This leads to decreased proportions of CD103+XCR1+ DCs in the lung, favoring CD11b+ DCs, which likely plays a role in the break in homeostasis following LPS exposure, and in determining the nature of the immune response to LPS.
Multiplexing microelectrodes for dielectrophoretic manipulation and electrical impedance measurement of single particles and cells in a microfluidic device
Authors: Geng Yangye , Zhu Zhen , Wang Yingying , Wang Yiyun , Ouyang Shuiping , Zheng Ke , Ye Wenbo , Fan Yimin , Wang Zixin , Pan Dejing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work presents a microfluidic device, which was patterned with (i) microstructures for hydrodynamic capture of single particles and cells, and (ii) multiplexing microelectrodes for selective release via negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) forces and electrical impedance measurements of immobilized samples. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to investigate the fluidic profiles within the microchannels during the hydrodynamic capture of particles and evaluate the performance of single‐cell immobilization. Results showed uniform distributions of velocities and pressure differences across all eight trapping sites. The hydrodynamic net force and the nDEP force acting on a 6 μm sphere were calculated in a 3D model. Polystyrene beads with difference diameters (6, 8, and 10 μm) and budding yeast cells were employed to verify multiple functions of the microfluidic device, including reliable capture and selective nDEP‐release of particles or cells and sensitive electrical impedance measurements of immobilized samples. The size of immobilized beads and the number of captured yeast cells can be discriminated by analyzing impedance signals at 1 MHz. Results also demonstrated that yeast cells can be immobilized at single‐cell resolution by combining the hydrodynamic capture with impedance measurements and nDEP‐release of unwanted samples. Therefore, the microfluidic device integrated with multiplexing microelectrodes potentially offers a versatile, reliable, and precise platform for single‐cell analysis.
A nonorthogonal cooperative scheme for multiuser CRN using probabilistic interference constraint
Authors: Ahmed Ashfaq , Ali Mudassar , Naeem Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad , Pareek Udit , Khan Adnan Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe predicted exponential increase in data traffic for future 5G networks demands for increased wireless spectrum capacity. The unlicensed spectrum bands are overburdened, whereas the licensed spectrum bands are underutilized. Cognitive radio systems (CRSs) can solve the problem of spectrum scarcity by allowing the reuse of the underutilized licensed spectrum bands. However, efficient resource allocation schemes in CRS are inevitable before we can reap the benefits of CRS. In this article, we have formulated an optimization problem for multiuser cooperative CRS, which considers relay selection and power allocation to maximize the sum capacity of the system. The optimization problem is a mixed‐integer nonlinear program, and deriving its optimal solution is extremely difficult. Therefore, we propose an iterative joint multiple relay selection and power allocation (IJRSPA) algorithm for multiuser CRSs. The proposed IJRSPA has low computational complexity, and simulation results verify its effectiveness.
A nonlinear interval number programming algorithm for CO2 pipeline transportation design under uncertainties
Authors: Tian Qunhong , Zhao Dongya , Wang Jiafeng , Li Zhaomin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCarbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology includes three sub‐systems of CO2 capture: transportation, utilization, and storage. Pipeline transportation is the middle link of CCUS, and its optimization is closely connected with the other two sub‐systems. However, technical and economic parameter uncertainties strongly affect the optimal pipeline cost, which creates a need for flexibility in pipeline design. To solve the flexible optimization design problem in CO2 pipeline transportation, this paper proposes an interval number optimization algorithm. Average levelized cost and system robustness are given as the optimization objectives. A two‐objective, two‐level, two‐step optimization problem is established and solved using a quantum genetic algorithm (QGA). The proposed interval number optimization algorithm makes the optimization process with good decision space, the decision makers can flexibly make decisions based on experimental analysis and subjective preference, and the designed pipeline transportation is flexible and can be combined with the optimization of the other sub‐systems. It can also attain the goal of coordination and unification of CCUS optimization. Numerical studies show that the proposed method can solve the flexible optimization problem effectively in the presence of uncertainties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cenozoic subsidence history of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea
Authors: Ma Ming , Liu Chiyang , Qi Jiafu , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Shaohua , Wang Jianqiang , Miao Quanyun 
Published: February 2019

In order to study the subsidence characteristics, temporal–spatial variation, and their controlling factors of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, we have calculated and mapped 34 wells' subsidence via 1‐D backstripping method, from which 12 typical wells have been selected as a sample to compare. Three typical profiles also have been chosen to compile subsidence evolution profiles by 2‐D backstripping method. All wells were synthesized as the holistic subsidence of the whole basin. The results indicate that the holistic subsidence of the basin can be divided into three episodes: The first one was Eocene with the mean total subsidence rate of 85 m/Ma; the second episode was from Oligocene to Middle Miocene with the mean total subsidence rate of 146 m/Ma; and the third episode was from Late Miocene up to present, and its mean total subsidence rate was 104 m/Ma. It is a common phenomenon that variation of subsidence and evolution existing in different units during the same period as well as different periods in the same unit. According to the distribution of subsidence rate in the plane, the basin can be divided into three zones from east to west and several belts in the same zone from north to south for each period. The variant change of subsidence evolution is related to the phase of basin evolution and structural characteristics. The holistic subsidence of the whole basin is controlled by basin dynamics, and the temporal–spatial variation of subsidence is affected by both basin dynamics and structural framework.
Psychosis symptoms in nursing home residents with and without dementia—Cross‐sectional analyses from the COSMOS study
Authors: Habiger Torstein F. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Flo Elisabeth , Husebo Bettina S. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of nursing home residents with psychosis and the association with potential underlying factors, such as pain, sleep disturbances, and antipsychotic medication.MethodFive hundred forty‐five residents with and without dementia from 67 Norwegian nursing home units were included in the cross‐sectional analyses. Psychosis was the main outcome measure in our study; other outcome measures include quality of life (QoL), activities of daily living (ADL) function, cognitive function, pain, and antipsychotic medication.ResultsOne hundred twelve residents had one or more symptoms of psychosis, and compared with residents without psychosis, they had lower QoL (p < 0.001), ADL function (p = 0.003), and cognitive functioning (p = 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that psychosis was associated with the prevalence of pain (OR: 3.19; 95% CI, 1.94‐5.24), sleep disturbances (OR: 4.51; 95% CI, 2.91‐6.99), and total number of medication (OR: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.17). Residents with psychosis but without antipsychotic medication had better QoL (p = 0.005) compared with residents receiving any antipsychotics.ConclusionPsychosis in NH residents is associated with pain, sleep disturbances, and number of medications. Residents with psychosis have poor QoL, although better QoL was observed among those who did not use antipsychotic medication.
A candidate gene study of risk for dementia in older, postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
Authors: Driscoll Ira , Snively Beverly M. , Espeland Mark A. , Shumaker Sally A. , Rapp Stephen R. , Goveas Joseph S. , Casanova Ramon L. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Manson JoAnn E. , Rossom Rebecca , Brooks Janet , Hernandez Dena G. , Singleton Andrew B. , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWhile a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or cognitive impairment have been identified, independent replications remain the only way to validate proposed signals. We investigated SNPs in candidate genes associated with either cognitive impairment or AD pathogenesis and their relationships with probable dementia (PD) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS).MethodsWe analyzed 96 SNPs across five genes (APOE/TOMM40, BDNF, COMT, SORL1, and KIBRA) in 2857 women (ages ≥65) from the WHIMS randomized trials of hormone therapy using a custom Illumina GoldenGate assay; 19% of the sample were MCI (N = 165) or PD (N = 387), and the remaining 81% were free of cognitive impairment. SNP associations were evaluated for PD in non‐Hispanic whites adjusting for age and HT using logistic regression under an additive genetic model.ResultsOne SNP (rs157582), located in the TOMM40 gene nearby APOE, was associated with the PD phenotype based on a P value accounting for multiple comparisons. An additional 12 SNPs were associated with the PD phenotype at P ≤ 0.05 (APOE: rs405509, rs439401; TOMM40: rs8106922, and KIBRA: rs4320284, rs11740112, rs10040267, rs13171394, rs6555802, rs2241368, rs244904, rs6555805, and rs10475878). Results of the sensitivity analyes excluding MCI were similar, with addition of COMT rs737865 and BDNF rs1491850 (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsOur results in older women provide supporting evidence that the APOE/TOMM40 genes confer dementia risk and extend these findings to COMT, BDNF, and KIBRA. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the role these genes play in cognition and cognitive impairment.
Marked responses to pemetrexed chemotherapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: Case series
Authors: Viscuse Paul V. , Price Katharine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no proven systemic therapies for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands. Pemetrexed use in adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands has not been previously described.MethodsRetrospective case reports and literature review.ResultsTwo patients with metastatic salivary gland adenocarcinoma were treated with single‐agent pemetrexed with marked response and clinical benefit. Case 1 describes a sustained clinical response for 8 months after failing several lines of chemotherapy. Case 2 describes a marked interval response of diffuse metastatic disease at 2 months with resolution of bone pain and sustained response at 8 months.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of efficacy of single‐agent pemetrexed for metastatic salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Given the significant and sustained responses in heavily pretreated patients, further investigation of pemetrexed for salivary cancer may be warranted.
Developing case‐finding algorithms for second events of oropharyngeal cancer using administrative data: A population‐based validation study
Authors: Xu Yuan , Kong Shiying , Cheung Winson Y. , Quan May Lynn , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Dort Joseph C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSecond event (recurrence or second primary cancer)‐free survival is an important indicator for assessing treatment efficacy. However, second events are not explicitly documented in administrative data such as cancer registries. Thus, validated algorithms using administrative data are needed to identify second events of oropharyngeal cancers.MethodsThe algorithms were developed using classification and regression tree models. Data from chart review served as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated.ResultsThe high‐sensitivity algorithm achieved 87.9% (95% confidence interval: 82.2%‐93.6%) sensitivity, 84.5% (81.1%‐87.8%) specificity, 61.2% (54.1%‐68.4%) PPV, 96.2% (94.2%‐98.1%) NPV, and 85.2% (82.3%‐88.1%) accuracy. The high‐PPV algorithm obtained 52.4% (43.6%‐61.2%) sensitivity, 99.1% (98.2%‐100.0%) specificity, 94.2% (88.7%‐99.7%) PPV, 88.2% (85.3%‐91.0%) NPV, and 88.9% (86.3%‐91.5%) accuracy.ConclusionThe validity of the algorithms for identifying second events following primary treatment of oropharyngeal cancers was acceptable.
Invisible partners in care: Snapshot of well‐being among caregivers receiving comprehensive support from Veterans Affairs
Authors: Miller Katherine E. M. , Lindquist Jennifer H. , Olsen Maren K. , Smith Valerie , Voils Corrine I. , Oddone Eugene Z. , Sperber Nina R. , Shepherd‐Banigan Megan , Wieland G. Darryl , Henius Jennifer , Kabat Margaret , Van Houtven Courtney Harold 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsSince May 2011, over 23 000 caregivers of Veterans seriously injured on or after September 11, 2001 have enrolled in the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC). PCAFC provides caregivers training, a stipend, and access to health care. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of caregivers in PCAFC and examine associations between caregiver characteristics and caregiver well‐being outcomes.MethodsWe sent a web survey invitation to 10 000 PCAFC caregivers enrolled as of September 2015. Using linear and logistic regressions, we examine associations between PCAFC caregiver characteristics and caregiver outcomes: perceived financial strain, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CESD‐10]), perceived quality of Veteran's Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care, and self‐reported caregiver health.ResultsWe had complete survey data for 899 respondents. Since becoming a caregiver, approximately 50% of respondents reported reducing or stopping work. Mean time spent providing care was 3.8 years (median 3, IQR 1‐5) with an average of 4.9 weekdays (median 5, IQR 5‐5) and 1.9 weekend days (median 2, IQR 2‐2). The mean CESD‐10 score was 8.2 (median 7, 4‐12), at the cutoff for screening positive for depressive symptoms. A longer duration of caregiving was associated with having 0.08 increase in rating of financial strain (95% CI, 0.02‐0.14). Caregiver rating of the Veteran's health status as “fair” or better was a strong predictor of better caregiver outcomes, ie, self‐reported caregiver health. However, higher levels of education were associated with worse caregiver outcomes, ie, lower global satisfaction with VHA care, higher CESD‐10 score, and higher rating of financial strain.ConclusionsHigher depressive symptoms among longer duration caregivers, coupled with high rates of reductions in hours worked, suggest interventions are needed to address the long‐term emotional and financial needs of these caregivers of post‐9/11 Veterans and identify subpopulations at risk for worse outcomes.
A retrospective cohort study of fetal assessment following preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Tepper Jared , Corelli Kathryn , Navathe Reshama , Smith Stephen , Baxter Jason K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes following management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) by two fetal assessment strategies.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study performed at two hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between July 2010 and June 2015, data were reviewed from 180 singleton pregnancies with PPROM at 230–336 weeks of gestation that underwent expectant management. Outcomes were compared between continuous electronic fetal heart monitoring (EFM) with daily biophysical profile (BPP) (“continuous monitoring”) and non‐stress test (NST) three times per day (“periodic monitoring”) using Mann‐Whitney U and Fisher exact tests.ResultsOverall, 119 (66.1%) pregnancies were assessed by continuous monitoring and 61 (33.9%) by periodic monitoring. There was no difference in frequency of intrauterine death between the continuous monitoring (1, 0.8%) and periodic monitoring (3, 4.9%) groups (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.02–1.61). The continuous monitoring group was more likely to have an interventional (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.06–4.44) or cesarean (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.70–6.38) delivery.ConclusionContinuous EFM with daily BPP was associated with higher rates of intervention and cesarean delivery compared with periodic NST, but there was no difference in intrauterine or perinatal mortality.