bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal MHC variation and haplotype associated differential survival in response to experimental infection of two strains ofBatrachochytrium dendrobatitis(Bd-GPL) in common toads
Authors: Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Meurling Sara , Schroyens Laurens , Siljestam Mattias , Ritcher-Boix Alex , Laurila Anssi , Höglund Jacob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatitis, studies on the role of specific MHC haplotypes onBdinfection are rare. Here, we studied latitudinal variation in MHC Class IIB loci along a latitudinal gradient from southern to northern Sweden in common toads,Bufo bufo. Swedish toad populations had fewer MHC Class IIB haplotypes compared to a previous study of populations in Britain. Furthermore, we found MHC diversity to decline from south to the north within Sweden. The low diversity may compromise the ability of northern populations to fight emerging disease, such as the chytrid fungusBd. In a laboratory experiment, we infected newly metamorphosed toads with two strains of the Global Pandemic Lineage of the fungus (Bd-GPL) and compared survival with sham controls. We foundBd-infected toads had lower survival compared to controls. Survival was dependent onBd-strain and whether experimental toads where collected in the south or the north of Sweden with lower survival in northern individuals. MHC diversity was lower in toads of northern origin, all northern animals being monomorphic for a single MHC haplotype, whereas we found seven different haplotypes in southern animals. Survival of infected animals was dependent on bothBd-strain and MHC haplotype suggesting differential infection dynamics depending on bothBd-strain and host MHC characteristics.
Systematic identification of cancer cell vulnerabilities to natural killer cell-mediated immune surveillance
Authors: Pech Matthew F. , Fong Linda E. , Villalta Jacqueline E. , Chan Leanne J.G. , Kharbanda Samir , O’Brien Jonathon J. , McAllister Fiona E. , Firestone Ari J. , Jan Calvin H. , Settleman Jeff 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOnly a subset of cancer patients respond to T-cell checkpoint inhibitors, highlighting the need for alternative immunotherapeutics. We performed CRISPR-Cas9 screens in a leukemia cell line to identify perturbations that enhance natural killer effector functions. Our screens defined critical components of the tumor-immune synapse and highlighted the importance of cancer cell interferon-γsignaling in modulating NK activity. Surprisingly, disrupting the ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor DCAF15 strongly sensitized cancer cells to NK-mediated clearance. DCAF15 disruption induced an inflamed state in leukemic cells, including increased expression of lymphocyte costimulatory molecules. Proteomic and biochemical analysis revealed that cohesin complex members were endogenous client substrates of DCAF15. Genetic disruption of DCAF15 was phenocopied by treatment with indisulam, an anticancer drug that functions through DCAF15 engagement. In AML patients, reduced DCAF15 expression was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that DCAF15 inhibition may have useful immunomodulatory properties in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms.
Phosphorimidate Derivatives of Acyclovir; Antiviral Activity Against Canine Parvovirus In Vitro
Authors: Oak Payal M , Mali Akash S. , Chopade Atul R , Shukla Govind 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCanine parvovirosis is a very transmissible, severe and often deadly infectious disease of dogs caused by Type II canine parvovirus (CPV-2). Recently shows that Parvoviruses are very resistant to Acyclovir which is often used for HSV Chemotherapy in humans and various virucidal purposes in animal diseases in veterinary clinics and animal housing facilities. If acquiescence with vaccination programs and with appropriate decontamination plans is guaranteed, there should be no continuous, nor common, CPV-2 outbreaks. However, a continuous spread of CPV-2 infections is observed, even in shelters where an appropriate vaccination program is applied, and this is reason to provide an antiviral drug therapy. The aim of the present study was to Development of antiviral drugs with determination the effect of concentration of new chemical entity and analyze Acyclovir analogous against CPV-2 strains. A sensitive in vitro assay capable of measuring the infectivity of CPV-2 was employed to determine the efficacy of three different concentrations of 9-(2-hydroxyethomethyl)guanine phosphoromonomorpholidate. We successfully show that new compounds inhibit CPV-2 replication with exhibiting 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the low-micromolar range (50μM).
Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Be Isolated from Human Peripheral Nerves after in vitro BMP-2 Stimulation
Authors: Sun Ren-Yi , Heggeness Michael H. , Jia Tanghong , Shrestha Sunaina , Dart Bradley , Yang Shang-You 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have recently identified a population of cells within the peripheral nerves of adult mice that can respond to BMP-2 exposure or physical injury to rapidly proliferate. More importantly, these cells exhibited embryonic differentiation potentials that could be induced into osteoblastic and endothelial cells in vitro. The current study examined human nerve specimens to compare and characterize the cells after BMP-2 stimulation. Fresh pieces of human nerve tissue were minced and treated with either BMP-2 (750ng/ml) or vehicle for 12 hours at 37°C, before digested in 0.2% collagenase and 0.05% trypsin-EDTA. Isolated cells were cultured in restrictive stem cell medium. Significantly more cells were obtained from the nerve pieces with BMP-2 treatment in comparison with the non-treated controls. Cell colonies were starting to form at day 3. Expressions of the 4 transcription factors Klf4, c-Myc, Sox2 and Oct4 were confirmed at both transcriptional and translational levels. The cells can be maintained in the stem cell culture medium for at least 6 weeks without changing morphologies. When the cells were switched to fibroblast growth medium, dispersed spindle-shaped cells were noted and became fibroblast activated protein-α (FAP) positive following immunocytochemistry staining. The data suggested that human peripheral nerve tissue also contain a population of cells that can respond to BMP-2 and express all four transcription factors KLF4, Sox2, cMyc, and Oct4. These cells are capable to differentiate into FAP-positive fibroblasts. It is proposed that these cells are possibly at the core of a previously unknown natural mechanism for healing injury.
Heat tolerance and acclimation capacity in unrelated subterranean arthropods living under common and stable thermal conditions
Authors: Pallarés Susana , Colado Raquel , Pérez-Fernández Toni , Wesener Thomas , Ribera Ignacio , Sánchez-Fernández David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCave-dwelling ectotherms, which have evolved for millions of years under stable thermal conditions, could be expected to have adjusted their physiological limits to the narrow range of temperatures they experience and be highly vulnerable to global warming. However, the few existing studies on thermal physiology in subterranean invertebrates point that they have lost some of the thermoregulatory mechanisms common in surface species, but there is a lack of evolutionary adjustment to ambient temperature. The question remains whether this surprising homogeneous thermal niche is common for the whole subterranean biodiversity or just a peculiarity of the species tested. In order to test for the generality of such previous findings, we studied basal heat tolerance and thermal plasticity in four species of distant arthropod groups (Coleoptera, Diplopoda and Collembola) with different evolutionary histories but under similar selection pressures, as they have been exposed to the same constant environmental conditions for a long time (inhabiting the same cave). Adult specimens were exposed at different temperatures for one week to determine upper lethal temperatures. Then, surviving individuals from each treatment were exposed to a fixed stressful temperature to determine acclimation capacity. Upper lethal temperatures were similar to those reported for other subterranean species (between 20-25°C), except from that of the diplopod (28°C), widely exceeding the cave temperature (13-14°C). Acclimation responses differed from a positive acclimation response in two of the species to no acclimation capacity or detrimental acclimation effects in the others. Our results show that thermal niche features are not as homogeneous as expected across the subterranean fauna and unrelated to ambient conditions. We show that some species, likely those that colonized subterranean environments more recently, still retain thermoregulation capacity to face temperature changes. Thus, subterranean species, even those living under similar climatic conditions, might be very differently affected by global warming.
A Mechanism-based Outbreak Projection Study of Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Combining Particle Filtering and Compartmental Models with Pre-vaccination Surveillance data
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Osgood Nathaniel D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParticle filtering is a contemporary Sequential Monte Carlo state inference and identification methodology that allows filtering of general non-Gaussian and non-linear models in light of time series of empirical observations. Several previous lines of research have demonstrated the capacity to effectively apply particle filtering to low-dimensional compartmental transmission models. We demonstrate here implementation and evaluation of particle filtering to more complex compartmental transmission models for pertussis – including application with models involving 1, 2, and 32 age groups and with two distinct functional forms for contact matrices – using over 35 years of monthly and annual pre-vaccination provincial data from the mid-western Canadian province. Following evaluation of the predictive accuracy of these four particle filtering models, we then performed prediction, intervention experiments and outbreak classification analysis based on the most accurate model. Using that model, we contribute the first full-paper description of particle filter-informed intervention evaluation in health. We conclude that applying particle filtering with relatively high-dimensional pertussis transmission models, and incorporating time series of reported counts, can serve as a valuable technique to assist public health authorities in predicting pertussis outbreak evolution and classify whether there will be an outbreak or not in the next month (Area under the ROC Curve of 0.9) in the context of even aggregate monthly incoming empirical data. Within this use, the particle filtering models can moreover perform counterfactual analysis of interventions to assist the public health authorities in intervention planning. With its grounding in an understanding of disease mechanisms and a representation of the latent state of the system, when compared with other emerging applications of artificial intelligence techniques in outbreak projection, this technique further offers the advantages of high explanatory value and support for investigation of counterfactual scenarios.
Spatial agglomeration and specialization in emerging markets
Authors: Resbeut Mathieu , Gugler Philippe , Charoen Danuvasin 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The paper aims to investigate the role of specialization and agglomeration forces on industry performance in an emerging market, namely, Thailand. In particular, the impact of clusters and the influence of complexity will be tackled.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used is based on the work of Delgado et al. (2014). Industries and clusters are assigned to a certain category according to their respective level of specialization and complexity. Performance measures are then computed for each category.

Findings
It was found that the agglomeration of similar industries and co-located and related industries increase the performance of firms in terms of gross output per employee and remuneration per employee. Moreover, the increase of performance induced by the complexity level of an industry was closely related to the level of specialization.

Originality/value
Building on a cluster mapping, this study brings new insight on the effect of specialization and agglomeration on performance in emerging markets. In fact, the paper show how performance can be enhanced in less sophisticated and developed economies.
Authentic leadership, happiness at work and affective commitment
Authors: Semedo Ana Suzete , Coelho Arnaldo , Ribeiro Neuza 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceptions of authentic leadership (AL) and affective commitment (AC) both directly and indirectly through the mediating effect of happiness at work.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical research has analyzed the data from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 543 employees belonging to various public and private organizations in Cape Verde. Structural equation modeling was used to test the model.

Findings
It was found that the perceptions of AL explain employees’ happiness at work. Perceptions of AL also predict AC both directly and through the mediating effect of happiness at work.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that AL predicts happiness at work, which, in turn, explain employees` emotional bond to the organization. These results provide evidence that the quality of working environment created by leaders plays an important role in the extent to which employees develop a better emotional bond at work. So, the organizations, particularly in Cape Verde, should focus on training leaders with authentic characteristics.

Originality/value
In addition to verifying the direct relationship between AL and AC, this study introduced the mediating effect of the happiness, providing a model that depicts the chain effect between AL, AC and happiness, integrating these concepts in a single study.
Impairment effects of creative ads on brand recall for other ads
Authors: Jin Hyun Seung , Kerr Gayle , Suh Jaebeom 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The creativity-based facilitation effect, well documented by previous research, shows that creative advertisements (ads) are more memorable than regular (or less creative) ads, that is, creativity facilitates memory. This current research aims to extend our understanding by investigating the impact of creativity on regular ads and competitive advertising. It examines whether creative ads impair the memorability of regular ads to determine whether a “creativity-based impairment effect” exists.

Design/methodology/approach
Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 tested creativity-based impairment effects in brand recall. Experiment 2 replicated and validated the impairment effect in recall, using a different presentation order of ads. In Experiment 3, effects of creative ads on competing vs non-competing brands were examined.

Findings
Results found that creative ads impaired the brand recall of regular ads, creative ads impaired the recall of competing brands more than non-competing brands and creative ads were recalled earlier in top-of-mind recall positions.

Research limitations/implications
Future research may look at whether different memory measures (e.g. recognition), different proportions of creative ads, and ads of familiar vs unfamiliar brands produce differential impairment effects.

Practical implications
One suggestion from this research could be to not only copy-test your own brand’s advertising, but also test the advertising of other brands so that the target ad’s relative levels of creativity can be assessed before media buying. As a result of this testing, when the brand identifies any potential impairment effects, the identified creative ads could then be tracked in terms of media placement, providing a guide of where “not to schedule” advertising.

Originality/value
This research makes an important theoretical contribution as the first to explore impairment effects in the context of creative advertising. In doing so, it offers important managerial insights for regular and competitive advertising.
New technological attributes and willingness to pay: the role of social innovativeness
Authors: Sadik-Rozsnyai Orsolya , Bertrandias Laurent 
Published: April 2019

PurposeIntegrating new technological attributes into existing products is a common way to innovate and is supposed to meet consumers’ functional needs. This paper aims to demonstrate how adding such attributes also increases willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for a product by activating consumers’ social need to feel unique.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through a quantitative survey based on a nationally representative sample (N= 345). A choice-based conjoint analysis was used to estimate the perceived value of the new technological attribute and WTP a premium.FindingsThe perceived value of the new technological attribute has a positive effect on WTP a premium only for consumers with a high degree of social innovativeness (linked to their need for uniqueness) because they interpret this innovation as an opportunity to differentiate themselves from others.Practical implicationsWhen companies innovate by introducing new technological attributes, their communication should emphasize and trigger these attributes’ high performance and uniqueness. Thus, consumers seeking social differentiation through innovation will be much less sensitive to price and will be more prone to pay a premium for these products.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this article is to show that integrating and emphasizing a new technological attribute can increase consumers’ WTP a premium beyond that of the attribute’s functional value. Thus, new technological attributes will decrease the price sensitivity of consumers high in social innovativeness and increase their WTP a premium for the product, because they consider it as a means to stand out from others.
Workspace management as a part of FM mission: a study of German FM education
Authors: Kolpakova Jana , May Michael W. , Maar Udo 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the nature of facility management (FM) and workspace management (WSM) and explores their interrelation with the aim of establishing whether WSM can be considered a part of the mission pursued by FM. Functional overlaps and gaps are identified and compared within the current system of FM education in Germany. Even though the research focussed on Germany, the findings may be extendable to other regions.

Design/methodology/approach
The data used were collected by means of a questionnaire, which was sent to the respondents, who complied with the eligibility requirements, namely, such individuals should have been office workers and work in Germany. The data collection was preceded by a literature review and followed by a quantitative analysis.

Findings
The literature analysis carried out demonstrates that the agenda of WSM can be considered as part of the FM mission. However, notwithstanding the overlap of the objectives of WSM and FM, it has also been identified a major discrepancy in that FM in Germany is predominantly concerned with the management of tangible and functional elements of a working environment and pays less attention to its non-tangible and psychological counterparts, whereas WSM, as a discipline, tends to cover both tangible and intangible elements of a workspace on a more equal footing. The element of employees’ “psychological comfort” (PsC) at work is capable of exerting the most profound influence on overall organisational productivity.

Research limitations/implications
The results of the work should not, without proper adjustments, be extrapolated to other geographical markets or industries, whose workspace characteristics may differ from those existing in Germany.

Practical implications
FM educational programmes may be adjusted to enable the facility managers to perform most or all activities within WSM.

Social implications
To impart facility managers with WSM competencies will contribute to employees’ psychological comfort and their productivity and, hence, will increase the acceptance and appreciation of the FM profession.

Originality/value
The paper introduces new thinking on the subject of WSM in the context of FM. It encourages FM educators to include WSM into their educational programmes or to add missing links to existing workplace management courses.
Elementary school teachers’ behavioral intentions for healthy nutrition
Authors: Ates Huseyin 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of elementary school teachers’ psychological factors on their behavioral intentions for healthy nutrition in their daily life within an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachThe design of the study is correlation study.FindingsConstructs in the proposal model formed accounted for of variance of intentions and behaviors successfully. Considering the entire proposed model, while personal norm is the most influential factor on intention, self-identity is the most consistent effects on teachers’ behavior. However, among the constructs of TPB, perceived behavioral control is the strongest influence on both intention and behavior.Originality/valueIn the literature, factors affecting healthy behaviors by using TPB focused on mainly children (8–10 year old) and adolescents (11–16 year old) all over the world. However, in some countries, several studies were conducted on adults (e.g. Astrøsm and Rise, 2001; Brouwer and Mosack, 2015), to the best of our knowledge, while there is no study conducted on adults including teachers in Turkey. In addition, recently, two meta-analysis studies were published: Rieblet al.(2015) and Mcdermottet al.(2015). These studies suggested that future studies related to healthy nutrition in the scope of TPB should be continued to investigate.
Risk perception and awareness of earthquake: the case of Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Lutfur 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Among the many studies about risk perception, only a few deal with Bangladesh. Paul and Bhuiyan’s (2010) study has shown the earthquake-preparedness level of residents of Dhaka, but there are some biases in the data collection. This paper aims to examine the seismic-risk perception and the level of knowledge on earthquake and preparedness among the residents of Dhaka.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was developed, and data collection was undertaken through home and sidewalk surveys. This paper investigates how attitude, perception and behavior differ depending on gender, age, education and casualty awareness. This research tries to examine and make a comparison of the risk perception and preparedness level between different groups of gender, age and level of education.

Findings
This research shows that female respondents have a much better risk perception of and are better prepared for earthquakes than male respondents; younger people have a higher knowledge about earthquake preparedness than older people and less-educated people are at a higher risk of unpreparedness than more-educated people.

Research limitations/implications
This research is only limited to the Dhaka Division.

Originality/value
This paper concludes by noting that public awareness on seismic-risk perception and mitigation is poor, and their knowledge on basic theory and emergency response must be improved.