bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting the beat of an internal clock: Effects of dexamphetamine on different interval ranges of temporal processing in healthy volunteers
Authors: Graham‐Schmidt Kyran T. , Martin‐Iverson Mathew T. , Waters Flavie A.V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrug studies are powerful models to investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying temporal processing in humans. This study administered dexamphetamine to 24 healthy volunteers to investigate time perception at different time scales, along with contributions from working memory. Healthy volunteers were administered 0.45 mg/kg dexamphetamine or placebo in a double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐controlled design. Time perception was assessed using three experimental tasks: a time‐discrimination task, which asked participants to determine whether a comparison interval (1200 ± 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ms) was shorter or longer than a standard interval (1200 ms); a retrospective time estimation task, which required participants to verbally estimate time intervals (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s) retrospectively; and a prospective time‐production task, where participants were required to prospectively monitor the passing of time (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s). Working memory was assessed with the backwards digit span. On the discrimination task, there was a change in the proportion of long‐to‐short responses and reaction times in the dexamphetamine condition (but no association with working memory), consistent with an increase in the speed of an internal pacemaker, and an overestimation of durations in the timing of shorter intervals. There was an interaction between dexamphetamine, working memory, and performance on the estimation and production tasks, whereby increasing digit span scores were associated with decreasing interval estimates and increased produced intervals in the placebo condition, but were associated with increased interval estimates and decreased produced intervals after dexamphetamine administration. These findings indicate that the dexamphetamine‐induced increase in the speed of the internal pacemaker was modulated by the basal working memory capacity of each participant. These findings in healthy humans have important implications for the role of dopamine, and its contributions to timing deficits, in models of psychiatric disorders.
Insight into Salivary Gland Proteomes of Two Polyphagous Stink Bugs: Nezara viridula L. and Halyomorpha halys Stål
Authors: Serteyn Laurent , Francis Frederic 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe invasive brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål, and the southern green stink bugs (SGSBs), Nezara viridula L., are widely distributed in Europe, even if the date of introduction and the diet differ. Saliva of Hemipteran pests plays essential roles in the interaction between insects and their host plants. The salivary proteomes of several aphid species have been studied and found to differ according to the species, while no comparative investigation between phytophagous stink bugs has been performed yet. Here, the salivary proteins from two bugs, BMSB and SGSB, are analyzed using LC‐MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD011920 and PXD011976. A total of 238 and 305 proteins are identified in salivary glands of BMSB and SGSB, respectively. In comparison with salivary proteome from other Hemiptera, the most striking feature of the salivary gland proteomes of SGSB and BMSB is the similar pattern of protein functions between both species. Some of the proteins are speculated to play a significant role in plant–insect interactions. The results herein provide a framework for future research to elucidate the molecular basis of differential impact of piercing–sucking insects on host plants.
Organizing thermodynamic data obtained from multicomponent polymer electrolytes: Salt‐containing polymer blends and block copolymers
Authors: Loo Whitney S. , Balsara Nitash P. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this review is to organize literature data on the thermodynamic properties of salt‐containing polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) (PS/PEO) blends and polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) diblock copolymers. These systems are of interest due to their potential to serve as electrolytes in all‐solid rechargeable lithium batteries. Mean‐field theories, developed for pure polymer blends and block copolymers, are used to describe phenomenon seen in salt‐containing systems. An effective Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, χeff, that increases linearly with salt concentration is used to describe the effect of salt addition for both blends and block copolymers. Segregation strength, χeffN, where N is the chain length of the homopolymers or block copolymers, is used to map phase behavior of salty systems as a function of composition. Domain spacing of salt‐containing block copolymers is normalized to account for the effect of copolymer composition using an expression obtained in the weak segregation limit. The phase behavior of salty blends, salty block copolymers, and domain spacings of the latter systems, are presented as a function of chain length, composition and salt concentration on universal plots. While the proposed framework has limitations, the universal plots should serve as a starting point for organizing data from other salt‐containing polymer mixtures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1177–1187
Novel Ca2+‐independent carbohydrate recognition of the C‐type lectins, SPL‐1 and SPL‐2, from the bivalve Saxidomus purpuratus
Authors: Unno Hideaki , Itakura Shuhei , Higuchi Shuhei , Goda Shuichiro , Yamaguchi Kenichi , Hatakeyama Tomomitsu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNovel Ca2+‐independent C‐type lectins, SPL‐1 and SPL‐2, were purified from the bivalve Saxidomus purpuratus. They are composed of dimers with either identical (SPL‐2 composed of two B‐chains) or distinct (SPL‐1 composed of A‐ and B‐chains) polypeptide chains, and show affinity for N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)‐ and N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)‐containing carbohydrates, but not for glucose or galactose. A database search for sequence similarity suggested that they belong to the C‐type lectin family. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed definite structural similarities between their subunits and the carbohydrate‐recognition domain (CRD) of the C‐type lectin family. Nevertheless, these lectins (especially SPL‐2) showed Ca2+‐independent binding affinity for GlcNAc and GalNAc. The crystal structure of SPL‐2/GalNAc complex revealed that bound GalNAc was mainly recognized via its acetamido group through stacking interactions with Tyr and His residues and hydrogen bonds with Asp and Asn residues, while widely known carbohydrate‐recognition motifs among the C‐type CRD (the QPD [Gln‐Pro‐Asp] and EPN [Glu‐Pro‐Asn] sequences) are not involved in the binding of the carbohydrate. Carbohydrate‐binding specificities of individual A‐ and B‐chains were examined by glycan array analysis using recombinant lectins produced from Escherichia coli cells, where both subunits preferably bound oligosaccharides having terminal GlcNAc or GalNAc with α‐glycosidic linkages with slightly different specificities.
Fuzzy de Sitter Space from kappa‐Minkowski Space in Matrix Basis
Authors: Jurman Danijel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe consider the Lie group generated by the Lie algebra of κ‐Minkowski space. Imposing the invariance of the metric under the pull‐back of diffeomorphisms induced by right translations in the group, we show that a unique right invariant metric is associated with . This metric coincides with the metric of de Sitter space‐time. We analyze the structure of unitary representations of the group relevant for the realization of the non‐commutative κ‐Minkowski space by embedding into ‐dimensional Heisenberg algebra. Using a suitable set of generalized coherent states, we select the particular Hilbert space and realize the non‐commutative κ‐Minkowski space as an algebra of the Hilbert‐Schmidt operators. We define dequantization map and fuzzy variant of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator such that dequantization map relates fuzzy eigenvectors with the eigenfunctions of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator on the half of de Sitter space‐time.
Field‐programmable gate arrays and quantum Monte Carlo: Power efficient coprocessing for scalable high‐performance computing
Authors: Cardamone Salvatore , Kimmitt Jonathan R. R. , Burton Hugh G. A. , Todman Timothy J. , Li Shurui , Luk Wayne , Thom Alex J. W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMassively parallel architectures offer the potential to significantly accelerate an application relative to their serial counterparts. However, not all applications exhibit an adequate level of data and/or task parallelism to exploit such platforms. Furthermore, the power consumption associated with these forms of computation renders “scaling out” for exascale levels of performance incompatible with modern sustainable energy policies. In this work, we investigate the potential for field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to feature in future exascale platforms, and their capacity to improve performance per unit power measurements for the purposes of scientific computing. We have focused our efforts on variational Monte Carlo, and report on the benefits of coprocessing with a FPGA relative to a purely multicore system.
D‐type iterative learning control for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems
Authors: Gu Panpan , Tian Senping 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of iterative learning control for a class of nonlinear systems is studied. Here, the nonlinear functions satisfy the one‐sided Lipschitz and quadratically inner‐bounded conditions. For such nonlinear systems, open‐loop and closed‐loop D‐type learning algorithms are adopted, respectively, and furthermore, the convergence conditions of the D‐type learning algorithms are established. It is shown that both algorithms can ensure that the system output converges to the desired trajectory on the whole time interval. Finally, the validity of the presented D‐type learning algorithms is verified by a numerical example.
Neutrophils Derived from Genetically Modified Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Circulate and Phagocytose Bacteria In Vivo
Authors: Trump Lisa R. , Nayak Ramesh C. , Singh Abhishek K. , Emberesh Sana , Wellendorf Ashley M. , Lutzko Carolyn M. , Cancelas Jose A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bacterial and fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic patients. Donor-derived neutrophil transfusions have been used for prophylaxis or treatment for infection in neutropenic patients. However, the short half-life and the limited availability of large numbers of donor-derived neutrophils for transfusion remain a significant hurdle in the implementation of neutrophil transfusion therapy. Here, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of neutrophils generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), a potentially unlimited resource to produce neutrophils for transfusion. Phenotypic analysis of iPSC-derived neutrophils reveal reactive oxygen species production at similar or slightly higher than normal peripheral blood neutrophils, but have an ∼50%–70% reduced Escherichia coli phagocytosis and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Signaling of granulocytic precursors identified impaired AKT activation, but not ERK or STAT3, in agonist-stimulated iPSC-derived neutrophils. Expression of a constitutively activated AKT in iPSC-derived neutrophils restores most phagocytic activity and NET formation. In a model of bacterial induced peritonitis in immunodeficient mice, iPSC-derived neutrophils, with or without corrected AKT activation, migrate similarly to the peritoneal fluid as peripheral blood neutrophils, whereas the expression of activated AKT significantly improves their phagocytic activity in vivo. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:557–567
Data mining tools
Authors: Bartschat Andreas , Reischl Markus , Mikut Ralf 
Published: February 2019

The development and application of data mining algorithms requires the use of powerful software tools. With challenges such as big data encountered in economy or gene sequencing for life science, data mining is important for daily problems as well as specialized fields. However, the large variety of requirements and user groups lead to a huge number and diversity of software tools. We give an overview by discussing the historical development and presenting a range of existing state‐of‐the‐art data mining and related tools. This paper is an update of our previous article from 2011 following the encyclopedic aspect of Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews to include new findings or references and changing outdated information. However, since the paper should be able to stand alone, it includes many still valid elements of the previous article. Following the original paper, we propose criteria for the tool categorization based on different user groups, data structures, data mining tasks and methods, visualization and interaction styles, import and export options for data and models, platforms, and license policies. These criteria are then used to classify data mining tools into nine different categories. The typical characteristics of these types are explained and a selection of the most important tools is categorized.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Stress‐induced mRNP granules: Form and function of processing bodies and stress granules
Authors: Guzikowski Anna R. , Chen Yang S. , Zid Brian M. 
Published: February 2019

In response to stress, cells must quickly reprogram gene expression to adapt and survive. This is achieved in part by altering levels of mRNAs and their translation into proteins. Recently, the formation of two stress‐induced messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) assemblies named stress granules and processing bodies has been postulated to directly impact gene expression during stress. These assemblies sequester and concentrate specific proteins and RNAs away from the larger cytoplasm during stress, thereby providing a layer of posttranscriptional gene regulation with the potential to directly impact mRNA levels, protein translation, and cell survival. The function of these granules has generally been ascribed either by the protein components concentrated into them or, more broadly, by global changes that occur during stress. Recent proteome‐ and transcriptome‐wide studies have provided a more complete view of stress‐induced mRNP granule composition in varied cell types and stress conditions. However, direct measurements of the phenotypic and functional consequences of stress granule and processing body formation are lacking. This leaves our understanding of their roles during stress incomplete. Continued study into the function of these granules will be an important part in elucidating how cells respond to and survive stressful environmental changes.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
‘Modern-Day Fagins’, ‘Gaudy Mansions’ and ‘Increasing Numbers’: Narratives on Roma Migrants in the Build-Up to the British EU Referendum
Authors: Leggio Daniele Viktor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe increase in migration flows within and into Europe has been accompanied by a growing policy focus on migration management. As in any policy debate, actors mobilise both factual claims and assumptions about the problems to be tackled and the population groups involved, in turn fashioning narratives that shape concrete policies. The article focuses on the policy narratives that developed in the UK around the migration of Roma groups between 2009 and 2014. I will show how the mobilisation of narratives on the criminal nature of Roma migration and about a sudden influx of Roma matched stereotypical images about the ‘Gypsies’. This made both narratives convincing as they fitted expectations about the Roma, to the point that their weak factual basis was ignored. This, in turn, contributed to refocusing the UK debate on migration from the need to reform the benefit system, to the need to reduce migration overall and eventually challenging the EU principle of freedom of movement. I will highlight the role of scholarly research in contributing to the development of policy narratives, calling for scholars to avoid sensationalising our findings, even if this is seen as an attempt to gain support for inclusive migration policies.
Fate of three bioluminescent pathogenic bacteria fed through a cascade of urine microbial fuel cells
Authors: Ieropoulos Ioannis , Obata Oluwatosin , Pasternak Grzegorz , Greenman John 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is currently gaining recognition as one of the most promising bioenergy technologies of the future. One aspect of this technology that has received little attention is the disinfection of effluents and the fate of pathogenic organisms that find their way into the waste stream. In this study, three independent trials were carried out to evaluate the fate of three bioluminescent pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) introduced into the anodic chamber of a urine-fed cascade of 9 MFCs with matured, electroactive biofilms. These are common examples of enteric human pathogens, which could contaminate urine or waste streams. The results showed that the average power generation in the closed circuit cascade reached 754 ± 16 µW, with an average pathogen log-fold reduction of 6.24 ± 0.63 compared to 2.01 ± 0.26 for the open circuit cascade for all three pathogens. The results suggest that the bio-electrochemical reactions associated with electricity generation were the primary driving force for the inactivation of the introduced pathogens. These findings show that pathogenic organisms introduced into waste streams could be inactivated by the power-generating process within the MFC cascade system, thereby preventing propagation and thus rendering the effluent safer for possible reuse.
Direct medical costs of ADHD and its comorbid conditions on basis of a claims data analysis
Authors: Libutzki Berit , Ludwig Saskia , May Melanie , Jacobsen Rasmus Højbjerg , Reif Andreas , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:ADHD is a highly prevalent disease in childhood which often persists into adulthood, then co-occurring with common adult conditions. Especially for adult ADHD, little is known about the costs of ADHD and the additional costs of comorbid conditions.Aims:To determine medical costs of ADHD and costs of comorbidities (mood, anxiety and substance use disorders, obesity), including their co-occurrence rates, stratified by age and gender.Method:Claims data from a German Statutory Health Insurance database with approximately four million member-records per year were analysed. A total of 25,300 prevalent ADHD patients were identified by means of an ICD-10 GM diagnosis of ADHD. A 1:1 age and gender adjusted reference group without ADHD diagnosis was randomly selected. Total health claims and health care costs related to ADHD were analysed, in addition to more targeted analyses of the occurrence and costs of pre-defined common comorbidities of, in particular, adult ADHD (SUD, mood and anxiety disorders, obesity). Outcomes were mean costs per patient and occurrence rates of comorbid conditions. Surplus costs of a comorbid condition in persons with ADHD relative to costs of this condition in persons without ADHD were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age (0–12 years, 13–17 years, 18–30years, 30+ years) and gender.Results:Patients with ADHD were €1500 more expensive annually than individuals without ADHD (p < 0.001). Main cost drivers were inpatient care, psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Mood, anxiety, substance use disorders and obesity were significantly more frequent in ADHD patients and additional costs resulting from the comorbid conditions amounted up to €2800. Costs were slightly higher in women than men and increased with age for both genders. In young adults (18–30 years) health care costs dropped notably, especially costs for the medical treatment of ADHD with stimulants and costs for psychiatrists, before rising again in the group of patients over 30 years who had higher comorbidity rates.Conclusions:Medical costs for ADHD are substantial, in part through frequently occurring comorbid conditions, and particularly in adulthood, and are likely to further accelerate in the coming years. A gap of care was found, starting with the transition age group of patients over 17 years, as indicated by reduced costs per person during young adulthood, as well as an overall strong drop in administrative prevalence. In the future, approaches to improve the situation of care and reduce costs at the same time, i.e. through managed care programmes, should be implemented and benefit from detailed knowledge on age and gender-specific cost-drivers.
The performance and calibration of the CRAFT fly’s eye fast radio burst survey
Authors: James C. W. , Bannister K. W. , Macquart J.-P. , Ekers R. D. , Oslowski S. , Shannon R. M. , Allison J. R. , Chippendale A. P. , Collier J. D. , Franzen T. , Hotan A. W. , Leach M. , McConnell D. , Pilawa M. A. , Voronkov M. A. , Whiting M. T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Commensal Real-time Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder Fast Transients survey is the first extensive astronomical survey using phased array feeds. Since January 2017, it has been searching for fast radio bursts in fly’s eye mode. Here, we present a calculation of the sensitivity and total exposure of the survey that detected the first 20 of these bursts, using the pulsars B1641-45 and B0833-45 as calibrators. The beamshape, antenna-dependent system noise, and the effects of radio-frequency interference and fluctuations during commissioning are quantified. Effective survey exposures and sensitivities are calculated as a function of the source counts distribution. Statistical ‘stat’ and systematics ‘sys’ effects are treated separately. The implied fast radio burst rate is significantly lower than the 37 sky−1 day−1 calculated using nominal exposures and sensitivities for this same sample by Shannon et al. (2018). At the Euclidean (best-fit) power-law index of −1.5 (−2.2), the rate is

$12.7_{-2.2}^{+3.3}$

(sys) ± 3.6 (stat) sky−1 day−1 (

$20.7_{-1.7}^{+2.1}$

(sys) ± 2.8 (stat) sky−1 day−1) above a threshold of 56.6 ± 6.6(sys) Jy ms (40.4 ± 1.2(sys) Jy ms). This strongly suggests that these calculations be performed for other FRB-hunting experiments, allowing meaningful comparisons to be made between them.