bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Data From the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for State Health Policy Research
Authors: Boudreaux Michel , Gangopadhyaya Anuj , Long Sharon K. , Karaca Zeynal 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the nation’s most complete source of all-payer hospital care data, supports analyses at the national, regional, state and community levels. However, national HCUP data are often used in inappropriate ways in studies of state-specific issues.

Objective:
To describe the opportunities and challenges of using HCUP data to conduct state health policy research and to provide empirical examples of what can go wrong when using the national HCUP data inappropriately.

Research design:
Comparison of results from state-level analyses using national HCUP data and the state-specific HCUP data recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Analyses included trends in state-specific rates of cesarean delivery and a difference-in-differences analysis of Connecticut’s Medicaid expansion.

Subjects:
Hospital discharges from the 2004 to 2011 HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Samples (NIS) and State Inpatient Databases (SID).

Measures:
Cesarean delivery rates, discharges per capita, and discharges by the payer.

Results:
State-level estimates derived from the NIS are volatile and often provide misleading policy conclusions relative to estimates from the SID.

Conclusions:
The NIS should not be used for state-level research. AHRQ provides resources to assist analysts with state-specific studies using SID files.
Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Mahoney Kathleen , Reich Wendy , Urbanek Susan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The growing opioid crisis in the United States affects childbearing women and their infants at an alarming rate. Substance use disorders in pregnancy have transitioned from a topic barely addressed to one that has become mainstream in the issue of pregnancy management. Opioid use can include appropriate use of a prescribed medication, the misuse of street drugs, and maintenance on an opioid agonist treatment such as methadone. Identifying this population of childbearing women is critical to be able to organize the appropriate resources and to provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary evidence-based plan of care. All clinicians need to be educated in identifying and caring for the growing population of women with substance use disorders. Each component of the continuum from prenatal care, labor and birth, and postpartum has challenges and issues that can have a positive or negative impact on the outcome of the pregnancy and the mother–infant relationship. Risk assessment, medication-assisted treatment, pain management, and fostering maternal–infant bonding are important considerations in the care of the woman with substance use disorder. Unbiased empathetic nurses are well positioned to strongly advocate and intervene on behalf of women with substance use disorder, which in turn will help to create positive outcomes for the mother and her baby.
Pinna Bruising in Children
Authors: Brown Julie C. , Metz James B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pinna bruising can be associated with abuse, but can also be due to accidental injury. We present 3 cases of pinna bruises and discuss features associated with accidental and nonaccidental injury. Attention to the history, the pattern of bruising, and any other findings identified on a careful, thorough examination will help differentiate the two.
Insights on cannabidiol's antiallodynic and anxiolytic mechanisms of action in a model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Schott Marion 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cannabidiol (CBD) could have a great therapeutic potential for treating disorders such as chronic pain and anxiety. In the target article, the authors propose that CBD modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses allodynia and anxiety-like behaviour in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, this study shows an antinociceptive effect mediated by TRPV1 and partially by 5-HT1A receptors, as well as an anxiolytic effect mediated by 5-HT1A receptors.

Commentary on: De Gregorio D, McLaughlin RJ, Posa L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Enns J, Lopez-Canul M, Aboud M, Maione S, Comai S, and Gobbi G. Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. PAIN 2019;160:36–150.
Does the IASP definition of pain need updating?
Authors: Aydede Murat 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The current IASP definition of pain has come under renewed criticisms recently. There is a new momentum for its revision as reflected by the fact that IASP has now a Presidential Task Force dedicated to look into whether there is enough warrant to update the definition. I critically review all the major criticisms of the current definition in detail, and raise new difficulties rarely discussed before. I show that none of the major criticisms has enough warrant to force us to substantially revise the current definition. Combined with the discussion of the new difficulties, there is nonetheless a need to restate the definition using slightly different terminology that will make the original intent of the current definition clearer and more precise. A restatement of the definition is proposed and its potential is discussed in light of some empirical questions that remain.
Measuring Baseline Health with Individual Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (iHALE)
Authors: Johansson Kjell Arne , Økland Jan-Magnus , Krüger Skaftun Eirin , Bukhman Gene , Norheim Ole Frithjof , Coates Matthew M. , Haaland Øystein Ariansen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesAt any point of time, a person’s baseline health is the number of healthy life years they are expected to experience during the course of their lifetime. In this article we propose an equity-relevant health metric, illness-specific individual Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (iHALE), that facilitates comparison of baseline health for individuals at the onset of different medical conditions, and allows for the assessment of which patient groups are worse off. A method for calculating iHALE is presented, and we use this method to rank four conditions in six countries according to several criteria of “worse off” as a proof of concept.MethodsiHALE measures baseline health at an individual level for specific conditions, and consists of two components: past health (before disease onset) and future expected health (after disease onset). Four conditions (acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), schizophrenia, and epilepsy) are analysed in six countries (Ethiopia, Haiti, China, Mexico, United States and Japan). Data for all countries and for all diseases in 2017 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study database. In order to assess who are the worse off, we focus on four measures: the proportion of affected individuals who are expected to attain less than 20 healthy life years (T20), the 25th and 75th percentiles of healthy life years for affected individuals (Q1 and Q3, respectively), and the average iHALE across all affected individuals.ResultsEven in settings where average iHALE is similar for two conditions, other measures may vary. One example is AML (average iHALE=58.7, T20=2.1, Q3-Q1=15.3) and ALL (57.7, T20=4.7, Q3-Q1=21.8) in the US. Many illnesses, such as epilepsy, are associated with higher baseline health in high-income settings (average iHALE in Japan=64.3) than in low-income settings (average iHALE in Ethiopia=36.8).ConclusioniHALE allows for the estimation of the distribution of baseline health of all individuals in a population. Hence, baseline health can be incorporated as an equity consideration in setting priorities for health interventions.
Multidrug therapy with terbinafine and itraconazole is not superior to itraconazole alone in current epidemic of altered dermatophytosis in India: A randomized pragmatic trial
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Anchan Vinayak N , Chandra Usha , Raheja Radhika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment responsiveness of dermatophytosis has decreased considerably in recent past in India. We compared effectiveness of oral terbinafine daily (Terb) (active control) versus itraconazole daily (Itra) versus terbinafine plus itraconazole daily (TI) versus terbinafine daily plus itraconazole pulse (TIp) in tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea faciei in a pragmatic randomized open trial.MethodsNinety-two microscopically confirmed patients were allocated to Terb (6 mg/kg/day), Itra (5 mg/kg/day), TI (terbinafine 6 mg/kg/day, itraconazole 5 mg/kg/day), or TIp (terbinafine 6 mg/kg/day, itraconazole 10 mg/kg/day for 1 week in 4 weeks) group by concealed block randomization and treated for 8 weeks or cure.ResultsCure rates were similar at 4 weeks (P=0.768). At 8 weeks, 5 (21.7%), 18 (78.3%), 16 (69.6%), and 16 (69.6%) patients were cured in Terb, Itra, TI, and TIp groups, respectively. All experimental regimens (Itra, TI, TIp) were more effective than Terb (P≤0.0027). All experimental regimens had similar effectiveness (P≥0.738). Relapse rates 4 and 8 weeks after cure were similar (P=0.869 and 0.314, respectively). Number-needed-to-treat (NNT) was 2 for Itra, 3 for TI, and 3 for TIp.ConclusionsOral itraconazole given daily (NNT=2) is the most effective treatment and combining it with terbinafine does not increase effectiveness.One Sentence SummaryCombination of oral terbinafine and itraconazole is not more effective than itraconazole alone in current epidemic of altered dermatophytosis in India.
A Comparison of Contemporary versus Older Studies of Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Authors: Moriarty Frank , Ebell Mark H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the benefits and harms of aspirin for primary prevention before and after widespread use of statins and colorectal cancer screening.MethodsWe compared studies of aspirin for primary prevention that recruited patients from 2005 onward with previous individual patient meta-analyses that recruited patients from 1978 to 2002. Data for contemporary studies were synthesized using random-effects models. We report vascular (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke), bleeding, cancer, and mortality outcomes.ResultsThe IPD analyses of older studies included 95,456 patients for CV prevention and 25,270 for cancer mortality, while the four newer studies had 61,604 patients. Relative risks for vascular outcomes for older vs newer studies follow: MACE: 0.89 (95% CI 0.83-0.95) vs 0.93 (0.86-0.99); fatal hemorrhagic stroke: 1.73 (1.11-2.72) vs 1.06 (0.66-1.70); any ischemic stroke: 0.86 (0.74-1.00) vs 0.86 (0.75-0.98); any MI: 0.84 (0.77-0.92) vs 0.88 (0.77-1.00); and non-fatal MI: 0.79 (0.71-0.88) vs 0.94 (0.83-1.08). Cancer death was not significantly decreased in newer studies (RR 1.11, 0.92-1.34). Major hemorrhage was significantly increased for both older and newer studies (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25-1.76 vs 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.53). There was no effect in either group on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, fatal stroke, or fatal MI.ConclusionsIn the modern era characterized by widespread statin use and cancer screening, aspirin does not reduce the risk of non-fatal MI or cancer death. There are no mortality benefits and a significant risk of major hemorrhage. Aspirin should no longer be recommended for primary prevention.Summary of current evidence and what this study addsWhat is already known about this subject?The cumulative evidence for aspirin suggests a role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, and in reducing cancer incidence and mortality.However most of the trials of aspirin for primary prevention were set in Europe and the United States and recruited patients prior to the year 2000.The benefits and harms of aspirin should be considered separately in studies performed in the eras before and after widespread use of statins and colorectal cancer screening.What does this study add?This study provides the most detailed summary to date of cardiac, stroke, bleeding, mortality and cancer outcomes to date in the literature.In trials of aspirin for primary prevention from 2005 onwards, aspirin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events but significantly increased the risk of bleeding, with no benefit for mortality or,Unlike older studies, there was no reduction in cancer mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction.How does this impact on clinical practice?Our study suggests aspirin should not be recommended for primary prevention in the modern era.
CLIC4 is a cytokinetic cleavage furrow protein that regulates cortical cytoskeleton stability during cell division
Authors: Peterman Eric , Valius Mindaugas , Prekeris Rytis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring mitotic cell division, the actomyosin cytoskeleton undergoes several dynamic changes that play key roles in progression through mitosis. While the regulators of cytokinetic ring formation and contraction are well-established, proteins that regulate cortical stability during anaphase and telophase have been understudied. Here, we describe a role for CLIC4 in regulating actin and actin-regulators at the cortex and cytokinetic cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We first describe CLIC4 as a new component of the cytokinetic cleavage furrow that is required for successful completion of mitotic cell division. We also demonstrate that CLIC4 regulates the remodeling of sub-plasma membrane actomyosin network within the furrow by recruiting MST4 kinase and regulating ezrin phosphorylation. This work identifies and characterizes new molecular players involved in the transition from the contracting cytokinetic ring to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis.
mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate distinct aspects of glutamatergic synaptic transmission
Authors: McCabe Matthew P. , Cullen Erin R. , Barrows Caitlynn M. , Shore Amy N. , Tooke Katharine I. , Weston Matthew C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough mTOR signaling is known as a broad regulator of cell growth and proliferation, in neurons it regulates synaptic transmission, which is thought to be a major mechanism through which altered mTOR signaling leads to neurological disease. Although previous studies have delineated postsynaptic roles for mTOR, whether it regulates presynaptic function is largely unknown. Moreover, the mTOR kinase operates in two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, suggesting that mTOR’s role in synaptic transmission may be complex-specific. To better understand each complex’s role in synaptic transmission, we genetically inactivated mTORC1 or mTORC2 in cultured mouse glutamatergic hippocampal neurons. Inactivation of either complex reduced neuron growth and evoked EPSCs, however, mTORC1 exerted its effects on eEPSCs at the postsynapse and mTORC2 at the presynapse. Furthermore, inactivation of each complex altered specific modes of synaptic vesicle release, suggesting that mTORC1 and mTORC2 differentially modulate postsynaptic responsiveness and presynaptic release to optimize glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
Sensitivity of the paired motor unit analysis for estimation of motoneuron excitability to commonly used constraints and filters
Authors: Hassan Altamash , Thompson Christopher K. , Negro Francesco , Cummings Mark , Powers Randy , Heckman CJ , Dewald Jules , McPherson Laura Miller 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nervous system has a tremendous ability to modify motoneuron excitability according to task demands through neuromodulatory synaptic input to motoneurons. Neuromodulatory inputs adjust the response of the motoneuron to excitatory and inhibitory ionotropic input and can facilitate the induction of persistent inward currents (PICs). PICs amplify and prolong the motoneuron response to synaptic inputs, and PIC impairment may play a major role in motor deficits observed in pathological conditions. Noninvasive estimation of the magnitude of neuromodulatory input and persistent inward currents in human motoneurons is achieved through a paired motor unit analysis (ΔF) that quantifies hysteresis in the firing rates at motor unit recruitment and derecruitment. While the ΔF technique is commonly used for estimating motoneuron excitability, computational parameters used for the technique vary across studies. In the present study, we assessed the sensitivity of the ΔF technique to several criteria commonly used in selecting motor unit pairs for analysis, as well as to methods used for smoothing the instantaneous motor unit firing rates. Using HD-sEMG and motor unit decomposition we obtained 5,409 motor unit pairs from the triceps brachii of ten healthy individuals during submaximal triangle contractions. The mean (SD) ΔF was 4.9 (1.08) pps, consistent with previous work using intramuscular recordings. There was an exponential plateau relationship between ΔF and the recruitment time difference between the motor unit pairs, with the plateau occurring at approximately 1 s. There was an exponential decay relationship between ΔF and the derecruitment time difference between the motor unit pairs, with the decay stabilizing at approximately 1.5 s. We found that reducing or removing the minimum threshold for the correlation of the rate-rate slope for the two units did not affect ΔF values or variance. Additionally, we found that removing motor unit pairs in which the control unit was saturated had no significant effect on ΔF. Smoothing filter selection had no substantial effect on ΔF values and ΔF variance; however, the length and type of smoothing filter affected the minimum recruitment and derecruitment time differences. Our results facilitate interpretation of findings from studies that implement the ΔF approach but use different computational parameters.
Magnetic manipulation of axonal endosome transport in live neurons
Authors: Chowdary Praveen D. , McGuire Allister F. , Lee Yujeong , Che Daphne L. , Hanson Lindsey , Osakada Yasuko , Ooi Chinchun , Xie Chong , Wang Shan , Cui Bianxiao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNoninvasive control of axonal cargos in live neurons is a challenging prospect that can enable novel research on the mechanisms of axonal cargo transport, cargo-mediated signaling and axonal traffic jams in neurons. However, conventional techniques for force manipulation such as optical traps are limited to a few micron-sized cargos and are not applicable to the small axonal cargos in live neurons. Here, we present a new methodology that permits the external control of axonal endosome transport via tailored magnetic forces. By culturing neurons in a microfluidic device made up of microfabricated magnetic arrays, we can exert 3 – 48 pN forces on retrograde axonal endosomes carrying fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles, 100 – 260 nm in size. The magnetic force counters the forces exerted by molecular motors driving the endosomes and results in a wide range of perturbations on endosome transport in axons. These perturbations, captured by oblique illumination fluorescence imaging, reveal new insights on the collective function of dyneins and the nature of paused and stationary states during retrograde endosome transport in axons. Most notably, we demonstrate controllable capture and release of retrograde endosomes in axons by toggling the external magnetic field. This technical advance has great potential to elucidate the spatiotemporal origins of long-distance endosome signaling pathways as well as the ramifications of axonal traffic jams in neurons.
Geomagnetic field intensity as a cue for the regulation of insect migration
Authors: Wan Guijun , Liu Ruiying , Li Chunxu , He Jinglan , Pan Weidong , Sword Gregory A. , Hu Gao , Chen Fajun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGeomagnetic field (GMF) intensity can be used by some animals to determine their direction and position during migration. However, its role, if any, in mediating other migration-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we simulated variation in GMF intensity between two locations along the migration route of a nocturnal insect migrant, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, that varied by ∼5 μT (GMF50μT vs. GMF45μT) in field intensity. After one generation of exposure, we tested for changes in key morphological, behavioural and physiological traits related to migratory performance including wing dimorphism, flight capacity and positive phototaxis. Our results showed that all three morphological and behavioural phenotypes responded to a small difference in magnetic field intensity between the simulated northern vs. southern locations in ways expected along the migratory route. Consistent magnetic responses in the expression of the phototaxis-related Drosophila-like cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) gene and levels of two primary energy substrates used during flight, triglyceride and trehalose, were also found. Our findings indicate GMF intensity can be a cue that regulates the expression of phenotypes critical for insect migration and highlight the unique role of magnetoreception as a trait that can help migratory insects express potentially beneficial phenotypes in geographically variable environments.
MetaboShiny – interactive processing, analysis and annotation of direct infusion metabolomics data
Authors: Wolthuis Joanna C. , Magnusdottir Stefania , Pras-Raves Mia , Moshiri Maryam , Jans Judith J.M. , Burgering Boudewijn , van Mil Saskia , de Ridder Jeroen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDirect infusion untargeted metabolomics, as mass-over-charge values and intensity of ions, allows for rapid insight into a sample’s metabolic activity. However, analysis is often complicated by the large array of detected m/z values and the difficulty to prioritize important m/z and simultaneously annotate their putative identities. To address this challenge, we developed MetaboShiny, a novel R/RShiny-based metabolomics package featuring data analysis, database- and formula-prediction-based annotation and visualization. To demonstrate this, we reproduce and further explore a MetaboLights metabolomics bioinformatics study on lung cancer patient urine samples. MetaboShiny enables rapid and rigorous analysis and interpretation of direct infusion untargeted metabolomics data.
Acoustic biomolecules enhance hemodynamic functional ultrasound imaging of neural activity
Authors: Maresca David , Payen Thomas , Lee-Gosselin Audrey , Ling Bill , Malounda Dina , Demené Charlie , Tanter Mickaël , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTHemodynamic functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of neural activity provides a unique combination of spatial coverage, spatiotemporal resolution and compatibility with freely moving animals. However, deep and transcranial monitoring of brain activity and the imaging of dynamics in slow-flowing blood vessels remains challenging. To enhance fUS capabilities, we introduce biomolecular hemodynamic enhancers based on gas vesicles (GVs), genetically encodable ultrasound contrast agents derived from buoyant photosynthetic microorganisms. We show that intravenously infused GVs enhance ultrafast Doppler ultrasound contrast and visually-evoked hemodynamic contrast in transcranial fUS of the mouse brain. This hemodynamic contrast enhancement is smoother than that provided by conventional microbubbles, allowing GVs to more reliably amplify neuroimaging signals.