bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high therapeutic efficacy of polymeric prodrug nano-assembly for a combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Yi Xiaoqing , Dai Jun , Han Yingyan , Xu Min , Zhang Xiaojin , Zhen Shijie , Zhao Zujin , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCombination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy has been emerging as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional photosensitizer tends to aggregate in aqueous media, which causes fluorescence quenching, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and limits its clinical application to photodynamic therapy. Traditional nanoparticle drug delivery system for chemotherapy also has its disadvantages, such as low drug loading content, drug leakage, and off-target toxicity for normal tissues. Here, we developed a reduction-sensitive co-delivery micelles TB@PMP for combinational therapy, which composed of entrapping a red aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) for photodynamic therapy and PMP that contains a reduction-sensitive paclitaxel polymeric prodrug for chemotherapy. AIEgen photosensitizer illustrates a much improved photostability and ROS production efficiency in aggregate state and PMP loads a high dose of paclitaxel and carries a smart stimuli-triggered drug release property. This co-delivery system provides a better option that replaces AIEgen photosensitizer for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Numerical modelling, simulation and experimental validation of partial discharge in cross‐linked polyethylene cables
Authors: Joseph Jineeth , Mohan Shilpa , Thiruthi Krishnan Sindhu 
Published: November 2018

A clear understanding of the partial discharge (PD) phenomena occurring in cavities at various radial locations in the insulation is essential for proper monitoring of cables. This work presents a comparison of finite element method (FEM) model and capacitive model for simulation of PD in the insulation and an attempt to identify reliable parameters for monitoring the condition of cable insulation is done. A three‐dimensional FEM‐based model of the cable is developed in ANSYS software by including the effects of surface charge accumulation and propagation along with the phenomena of charge decay at the void surface. The induced charge concept which is correlated with changes in capacitance is employed to model a capacitive model for simulation of PD by considering the free electron availability for simulation of PDs in cables in EMTP software. The experimental validation of developed models is done by PD measurement on 11 kV cross‐linked polyethylene cables. Analysis of the simulation results recommends the relevance of the capacitive model to be employed for condition assessment of cable insulation in view of its simplicity and appropriateness in the estimation of model parameters from actual cable measurements.
The first detection of radio recombination lines at cosmological distances
Authors: Emig K. L. , Salas P. , de Gasperin F. , Oonk J. B. R. , Toribio M. C. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: November 2018

Context. Recombination lines involving high principal quantum numbers (n ∼ 50 − 1000) populate the radio spectrum in large numbers. Low-frequency (< 1 GHz) observations of radio recombination lines (RRLs) primarily from carbon and hydrogen offer a new, if not unique, way to probe cold, largely atomic gas and warm, ionised gas in other galaxies. Furthermore, RRLs can be used to determine the physical state of the emitting regions, such as temperature and density. These properties make RRLs, potentially, a powerful tool of extragalactic interstellar medium (ISM) physics. At low radio frequencies, it is conceivable to detect RRLs out to cosmological distances when illuminated by a strong radio continuum. However, they are extremely faint (τpeak ∼ 10−3 − 10−4) and have so far eluded detection outside of the local universe.
Aims. With observations of the radio quasar 3C 190 (z = 1.1946), we aim to demonstrate that the ISM can be explored out to great distances through low-frequency RRLs.
Methods. 3C 190 was observed with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and processed using newly developed techniques for spectral analysis.
Results. We report the detection of RRLs in the frequency range 112 MHz–163 MHz in the spectrum of 3C 190. Stacking 13 α-transitions with principal quantum numbers n = 266 − 301, a peak 6σ feature of optical depth τpeak = (1.0 ± 0.2)×10−3 and FWHM = 31.2 ± 8.3 km s−1 was found at z = 1.124. This corresponds to a velocity offset of −9965 km s−1 with respect to the systemic redshift of 3C 190.
Conclusions. We consider three interpretations of the origin of the RRL emission: an intervening dwarf-like galaxy, an active galactic nucleus (AGN) driven outflow, and the inter-galactic medium. We argue that the recombination lines most likely originate in a dwarf-like galaxy (M ∼ 109 M⊙) along the line of sight, although we cannot rule out an AGN-driven outflow. We do find the RRLs to be inconsistent with an inter-galactic medium origin. With this detection, we have opened up a new way to study the physical properties of cool, diffuse gas out to cosmological distances.
Die Entwicklung und Ergebnisse von TAVI und chirurgischem Aortenklappenersatz in Deutschland 2014 bis 2015
Authors: Stachon Peter , Kaier Klaus , Zirlik Andreas , Bothe Wolfgang , Zehender Manfred , Bode Christoph , von zur Mühlen Constantin 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Behandlung der Aortenklappenstenose unterliegt seit der Einführung von Transkatheterklappen (TAVI) einem großen Wandel. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Behandlungsrealität 2014 und 2015 in Deutschland.
Methode Es wurden alle 38 414 isolierten chirurgischen Aortenklappeneingriffe und TAVIs durch Abfrage von Behandlungscodes analysiert.
Ergebnisse Seit 2014 werden in Deutschland mehr TAVI-Prozeduren als chirurgische Aortenklappeneingriffe durchgeführt. Insgesamt kam es zu einem deutlichen Anstieg von Eingriffen an der Aortenklappe: 2009 waren es insgesamt 10 858, 2015 schon 19 929. Im Jahre 2015 wurden Patienten ab 75 Jahren bevorzugt mit transfemoraler TAVI (TF-TAVI) behandelt. Bei Patienten über 80 Jahre wurde ein chirurgischer Klappenersatz lediglich 474-mal durchgeführt (im Vergleich: TF-TAVI: 7519; transapikale (TA)-TAVI: 1192). TAVI-Patienten waren deutlich älter, häufiger weiblichen Geschlechts, hatten mehr Vorerkrankungen und ein erhöhtes Operationsrisiko. Die innerklinische Mortalität lag nach chirurgischem Aortenklappeneingriff bei 2 %, nach TF-TAVI bei 3 % und nach TA-TAVI bei 6 %. Schlaganfallraten waren zwischen den drei Verfahren vergleichbar. Blutungen traten nach chirurgischem Aortenklappeneingriff und TA-TAVI zu 9 bzw. 8 % auf, nach TF-TAVI zu 3 %. Nach TF-TAVI wurden 66 % nach Hause entlassen, nach chirurgischem Klappenersatz 40 %.
Diskussion TF-TAVI ist zwischenzeitlich bei über 75-Jährigen der bevorzugte Aortenklappenersatz. Trotz eines im Vergleich zum chirurgischen Aortenklappenersatz deutlich kränkeren Kollektivs konnten Patienten sicher mit TAVI behandelt werden.
Can social scientists be the change agents for diabetes prevention? Diabetes-related knowledge, attitude, and practice among social scientists
Authors: Shetty Raman , Jena Biranchi , Kadithi Adibabu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction:Diabetes is an emergency in slow motion in India. There is an urgent need of improving awareness and education on diabetes in the community and the social scientist working in the community health are the important group to make this happen.
Objectives:To assess the prevalence of diabetes among the social scientists and measure their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on diabetes.
Materials and Methods:A delegate of social scientists attending a national conference on social science and health were screened for random blood sugar and a survey was conducted through a structured self-answered questionnaire on KAP in diabetes. Excel Microsoft Office 2010 package was used for descriptive analysis.
Results:A total of 245 social scientists attended the conference; of them, 211 (86%) social scientists voluntarily participated in diabetes screening, and among them, 99 (47%) voluntarily responded on KAP questionnaire. Prevalence rate of diabetes among social scientists was found to be 9.5% and the study revealed that the knowledge was fair, attitude was positive, and practice was good among the social scientists working in the field of social health.
Conclusion:The social scientists could be the Change Agents for the changing diabetes in the community through appropriate strategies involving them.
Permanent neuroglial remodeling of the retina following infiltration of CSF1R inhibition-resistant peripheral monocytes
Authors: Paschalis Eleftherios I. , Lei Fengyang , Zhou Chengxin , Kapoulea Vassiliki , Dana Reza , Chodosh James , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Dohlman Claes H. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
This work contributes to the understanding of the enigmatic progressive retinal damage following acute ocular surface injury. Clinical findings in patients suggest that such injuries can adversely affect the retina. This study demonstrates that corneal injury leads to rapid infiltration of blood-derived monocytes into the retina and to subsequent remodeling of the neuroglial system. In contrast to previously held belief, this study shows that the blood-derived monocytes engraft permanently into the retina and differentiate into microglia-like cells. Although these cells are morphologically indistinguishable from native microglia, they retain a distinct signature and insensitivity to CSF1R inhibition and exhibit a reactive phenotype which persists long after the noxious stimuli is removed, ultimately contributing to progressive neuroretinal degeneration.
Mesoscale structure, mechanics, and transport properties of source rocks’ organic pore networks
Authors: Berthonneau Jeremie , Obliger Amaël , Valdenaire Pierre-Louis , Grauby Olivier , Ferry Daniel , Chaudanson Damien , Levitz Pierre , Kim Jae Jin , Ulm Franz-Josef , Pellenq Roland J.-M. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceIn source rocks, natural hydrocarbons are generated from organic matter dispersed in a fine-grained mineral matrix. The potential recovery of hydrocarbons is therefore influenced by the geometry of the organic hosted porous networks. Here, the three-dimensional structures of such networks are revealed using electron tomography with a subnanometer resolution. The reconstructions are first characterized in terms of morphology and topology and then used to build a multiscale simulation tool to study the mechanics and the transport properties of confined fluids. Our results offer evidence of the prevalent role of connected nanopores, which subsequently constitutes a material limit for long-term hydrocarbon production.
Arc/Arg3.1 mediates a critical period for spatial learning and hippocampal networks
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan , Castro-Gomez Sergio , Grendel Jasper , Graf Sabine , Süsens Ute , Binkle Lars , Mensching Daniel , Isbrandt Dirk , Kuhl Dietmar , Ohana Ora 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceSpatial learning and memory are hippocampal functions that emerge and mature during early postnatal development. The molecular mechanisms which shape this process are largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that the activity-regulated gene Arc/Arg3.1 is transiently up-regulated in the hippocampus of neonatal mice where it is required for establishing appropriate hippocampal network activity essential for spatial learning. Once established, network activity supports normal spatial learning in the absence of Arc/Arg3.1 while long-term memory storage continues to rely on Arc/Arg3.1 expression throughout life. These results demonstrate that hippocampal networks undergo a critical period of development mediated by Arc/Arg3.1 and open opportunities to investigate normal and pathological neurodevelopment of higher brain functions.
Rapid evolution of decreased host susceptibility drives a stable relationship between ultrasmall parasite TM7x and its bacterial host
Authors: Bor Batbileg , McLean Jeffrey S. , Foster Kevin R. , Cen Lujia , To Thao T. , Serrato-Guillen Alejandro , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Shi Wenyuan , He Xuesong 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Cultivation-independent sequencing has revealed enormous numbers of bacterial species. Amongst the most enigmatic are members of the Candidate Phyla Radiation, which are estimated to represent over 26% of all bacterial diversity. This group of ultrasmall bacteria are thought to be mostly symbionts; however, understanding these bacteria is hampered by an inability to culture them. Here, we study TM7x, the only strain of the Candidate Phyla Radiation successfully cultured, and demonstrate that it can be virulent and lethal for its bacterial host. The host, however, can rapidly evolve to a state of reduced susceptibility, which results in a long-term parasitic relationship in which both species persist. These findings provide a rare glimpse into the lifestyle and symbiosis of Candidate Phyla Radiation organisms.
A Cinematic Cultural Memory of Courtship, Weddings, Marriage, and Adultery in July Monarchy France through Heritage Films Claude Chabrol’s Madame Bovary, Jean-Paul Rappeneau’s The Horseman on the Roof, and Catherine Breillat’s The Last Mistress
Authors: Doherty Annabelle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThrough the cinematic experience of heritage films’ historical reconstitutions, audiences may acquire a vivid cultural memory of prior eras, where the powerful corporeal effect of the cinematographic language stimulates a lived sensation of the past. Yet the recreations of heritage cinema are, at times, refracted through the lens of auteurism, impacting the historical realism and effect of authenticity and in the case of adaptations transforming the original source text. This article considers key French heritage films to depict the July Monarchy in France, investigating how different auteurs influence the films’ sensual audio-visual recreations and consequently spectators’ filmic experience. Former new wave auteur Claude Chabrol’s adaptation Madame Bovary (1991) and its recreation of 1830–1840s France is compared and contrasted with later-generation auteur Jean-Paul Rappeneau’s Le Hussard sur le toit/The Horseman on the Roof (1995) and younger-generation auteur Catherine Breillat’s Une vieille maîtresse/The Last Mistress (2007), exploring history via their unique authorial aesthetics and ideologies. The depiction of (semi-)fictional historical figures during events of the July Monarchy is analysed, in the films’ portraits of past landscapes, focusing on the intimate settings of courtship, weddings, marriage, and adultery during the reign of Louis Philippe I. The article examines the adaptation of Chabrol’s vision of Gustave Flaubert’s canonical 1857 work, together with Rappeneau’s interpretation of Jean Giono’s 1951 novel and Breillat’s recreation of Barbey d’Aurevilly’s 1851 text. It explores the cinematic cultural memory of the past potentially acquired by spectators through the embodied experience of each auteur’s powerful heritage adaptation.
Opportunities and Challenges in Conducting Economic Research on Food Loss and Waste
Authors: Ellison Brenna , Muth Mary K , Golan Elise 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFood loss and waste (FLW) issues are receiving heightened attention from local, national, and international governments and nongovernmental organizations. While research in the FLW space is growing rapidly, economists have important contributions to make to the FLW conversation. In this paper we discuss the opportunities and challenges in conducting economic research on FLW. We highlight some of the more technical opportunities and challenges related to data, measurement, and evaluation of FLW reduction initiatives as these are often focal points in the current FLW literature. In addition, we discuss the notion of optimal FLW, which has been mostly absent from the policy discussion to date. Economic analyses can help contribute towards identifying market failures that support the need for FLW interventions, estimating the costs and benefits of FLW interventions, and clearly identifying the winners and losers of potential mandatory requirements to reduce FLW.
Development and Emergence of Individual Variability in the Functional Connectivity Architecture of the Preterm Human Brain
Authors: Xu Yuehua , Cao Miao , Liao Xuhong , Xia Mingrui , Wang Xindi , Jeon Tina , Ouyang Minhui , Chalak Lina , Rollins Nancy , Huang Hao , He Yong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Individual variability in human brain networks underlies individual differences in cognition and behaviors. However, researchers have not conclusively determined when individual variability patterns of the brain networks emerge and how they develop in the early phase. Here, we employed resting-state functional MRI data and whole-brain functional connectivity analyses in 40 neonates aged around 31–42 postmenstrual weeks to characterize the spatial distribution and development modes of individual variability in the functional network architecture. We observed lower individual variability in primary sensorimotor and visual areas and higher variability in association regions at the third trimester, and these patterns are generally similar to those of adult brains. Different functional systems showed dramatic differences in the development of individual variability, with significant decreases in the sensorimotor network; decreasing trends in the visual, subcortical, and dorsal and ventral attention networks, and limited change in the default mode, frontoparietal and limbic networks. The patterns of individual variability were negatively correlated with the short- to middle-range connection strength/number and this distance constraint was significantly strengthened throughout development. Our findings highlight the development and emergence of individual variability in the functional architecture of the prenatal brain, which may lay network foundations for individual behavioral differences later in life.
School Performance and Educational Attainment as Early-Life Predictors of Age-Related Memory Decline: Protective Influences in Later-Born Cohorts
Authors: Pudas Sara , Rönnlund Michael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence is accumulating that early-life characteristics and experiences contribute significantly to differences in cognitive aging. This study investigated whether school performance at age 12 predicted late-life level and rate of memory change over 15–25 years, and whether its potential protective influence on memory change was mediated by educational attainment or income.

Methods
Latent growth curve models were fitted to 15–25 year longitudinal memory data from a population-based sample, stratified on age cohorts (n = 227, born 1909–1935; n = 301, born 1938–1954).

Results
A latent-level school grade variable significantly predicted both memory level and slope in later-born cohorts. Higher grades were associated with higher level and reduced decline, measured between ages 45 and 70 years, on average. In the earlier-born cohorts, grades predicted memory level, but not slope, measured between ages 66 and 81 years. Follow-up analyses indicated that the protective influence of higher school grades in later-born cohorts was partially mediated by educational attainment, but independent of income.

Discussion
The results suggest that higher childhood school performance is protective against age-related cognitive decline in younger or later-born cohorts, for which further education has been more accessible. Education may exert such influence through increased cognitive reserve or more well-informed health- and lifestyle decisions.
Error estimates of finite difference schemes for the Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Courtès Clémentine , Lagoutière Frédéric , Rousset Frédéric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article deals with the numerical analysis of the Cauchy problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation with a finite difference scheme. We consider the explicit Rusanov scheme for the hyperbolic flux term and a 4-point $\theta $-scheme for the dispersive term. We prove the convergence under a hyperbolic Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition when $\theta \geq \frac{1}{2}$ and under an ‘Airy’ Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition when $\theta &lt;\frac{1}{2}$. More precisely, we get a first-order convergence rate for strong solutions in the Sobolev space $H^s(\mathbb{R})$, $s \geq 6$ and extend this result to the nonsmooth case for initial data in $H^s(\mathbb{R})$, with $s\geq \frac{3}{4}$, at the price of a reduction in the convergence order. Numerical simulations indicate that the orders of convergence may be optimal when $s\geq 3$.
An expandable approach for design and personalization of digital, just-in-time adaptive interventions
Authors: Gonul Suat , Namli Tuncay , Huisman Sasja , Laleci Erturkmen Gokce Banu , Toroslu Ismail Hakki , Cosar Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to deliver a framework with 2 main objectives: 1) facilitating the design of theory-driven, adaptive, digital interventions addressing chronic illnesses or health problems and 2) producing personalized intervention delivery strategies to support self-management by optimizing various intervention components tailored to people’s individual needs, momentary contexts, and psychosocial variables.Materials and MethodsWe propose a template-based digital intervention design mechanism enabling the configuration of evidence-based, just-in-time, adaptive intervention components. The design mechanism incorporates a rule definition language enabling experts to specify triggering conditions for interventions based on momentary and historical contextual/personal data. The framework continuously monitors and processes personal data space and evaluates intervention-triggering conditions. We benefit from reinforcement learning methods to develop personalized intervention delivery strategies with respect to timing, frequency, and type (content) of interventions. To validate the personalization algorithm, we lay out a simulation testbed with 2 personas, differing in their various simulated real-life conditions.ResultsWe evaluate the design mechanism by presenting example intervention definitions based on behavior change taxonomies and clinical guidelines. Furthermore, we provide intervention definitions for a real-world care program targeting diabetes patients. Finally, we validate the personalized delivery mechanism through a set of hypotheses, asserting certain ways of adaptation in the delivery strategy, according to the differences in simulation related to personal preferences, traits, and lifestyle patterns.ConclusionWhile the design mechanism is sufficiently expandable to meet the theoretical and clinical intervention design requirements, the personalization algorithm is capable of adapting intervention delivery strategies for simulated real-life conditions.