bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐II‐Excited Intravital Two‐Photon Microscopy Distinguishes Deep Cerebral and Tumor Vasculatures with an Ultrabright NIR‐I AIE Luminogen
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Liu Jie , Goh Chi Ching , Ng Lai Guan , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntravital fluorescence imaging of vasculature morphology and dynamics in the brain and in tumors with large penetration depth and high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) is highly desirable for the study and theranostics of vascular‐related diseases and cancers. Herein, a highly bright fluorophore (BTPETQ) with long‐wavelength absorption and aggregation‐induced near‐infrared (NIR) emission (maximum at ≈700 nm) is designed for intravital two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging of a mouse brain and tumor vasculatures under NIR‐II light (1200 nm) excitation. BTPETQ dots fabricated via nanoprecipitation show uniform size of around 42 nm and a high quantum yield of 19 ± 1% in aqueous media. The 2PF imaging of the mouse brain vasculatures labeled by BTPETQ dots reveals a 3D blood vessel network with an ultradeep depth of 924 µm. In addition, BTPETQ dots show enhanced 2PF in tumor vasculatures due to their unique leaky structures, which facilitates the differentiation of normal blood vessels from tumor vessels with high SBR in deep tumor tissues. Moreover, the extravasation and accumulation of BTPETQ dots in deep tumor (more than 900 µm) is visualized under NIR‐II excitation. This study highlights the importance of developing NIR‐II light excitable efficient NIR fluorophores for in vivo deep tissue and high contrast tumor imaging.
Covalent Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient Lubricant Oil Additives
Authors: Wang Lixia , Han Weifang , Ge Chunhua , Zhang Rui , Bai Yufeng , Zhang XiangDong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNSs) are obtained by a chemical exfoliation method from bulk h‐BN powders. The surface of h‐BNNSs is functionalized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Further, the amino functional groups on the surface of APTS‐modified h‐BNNSs (APTS‐BNNSs) are reacted with 4‐carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) to obtain the covalently linked CPBA‐BNNSs. The morphology and structure of h‐BNNSs, APTS‐BNNSs, and CPBA‐BNNSs are comprehensively discussed. Of all the above four additives, the CPBA‐BNNSs can most outstandingly improve friction‐reducing and antiwear capacities of 150N base oil. The CPBA‐BNNSs possess excellent dispersion stability in base oil due to the phenylboronic acid groups on the surface of h‐BNNSs. Only 0.075 wt% CPBA‐BNNSs is added into the base oil, the coefficient of friction is decreased by 32.3%, and the wear scar diameter and mean wear volume of the rubbing surface are reduced by 42.9% and 88.4%. The analysis of the worn scar surface demonstrates that CPBA‐BNNSs can form a protective tribofilm containing boron and nitrogen elements on the rubbing surfaces, thereby decreasing the friction and protecting the surfaces from wear. Thus, the CPBA‐BNNSs may be recommended as a potential lubricant additive in practical applications.
Fe3O4/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrodes from Tailored Thermal Expansion toward Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Lei , Jia Chao , Shao Ziqiang , Wang Jianquan , Wang Feijun , Wang Wenjun , Wang Haiyang , Zu Di , Wu Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransition metal oxide and heteroatoms doped carbon are promising in high performance energy storage upon complete redox reaction. Herein, nanoparticle‐embedded carbon nanosheets are fabricated by a one‐pot tailored thermally expansion of viscous precursors. The obtained biomass carbon exhibits ideal surface area, crystal structures, and heteroatom doping. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the constituent components, this composite electrode reaches a high potential window of 1.1 V and delivers a good specific capacitance of 522.7 F g−1 in aqueous electrolyte. After combining with a capacitive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film cathode, the assembled flexible solid‐state supercapacitors deliver a high energy density of 18.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 125 W kg−1. Moreover, in cases of frequent bending and elevated temperature (up to 80 °C), the hybrid device maintains superior electrochemical attributes. This facile and scalable process, as well as their high reversible capacity, are promising for next‐generation energy‐storage devices.
Toward Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Biologically Interesting Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Das Amrita , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA two‐step continuous‐flow synthesis of substituted pyrazole derivatives has been developed via the formation of vinylidene keto esters as key intermediates. Heterogeneous Ni2+‐montmorillonite was found to be an efficient catalyst for orthoester condensation of 1,3‐dicarbonyls under flow conditions. The intermediate reacted with methylhydrazine to afford pyrazole derivatives, for which suitable selection of a solvent played a key role in achieving high yields and excellent regioselectivities of the desired products. An application of this protocol has been demonstrated by the synthesis of a key intermediate for biologically active pyrazoles such as Bixafen.magnified image
Nontoxic KBBF Family Member Zn2BO3(OH): Balance between Beneficial Layered Structure and Layer Tendency
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Zhang Fangfang , Gao Le , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe conflict between beneficial layered structure for performances and layered growth habits in KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) always restricts its practical applications. A beryllium‐free KBBF family member, Zn2BO3(OH), is explored to feature the same topological layer with KBBF by replacing [BeO3F]5− with [ZnO3(OH)]5− and excellent UV performances. It exhibits a second harmonic generation response of about 1.5 × KH2PO4 with the UV cutoff edge of 204 nm. The birefringence of Zn2BO3(OH) in the visible region is about 0.067, which is larger than those of commercial UV crystals LiB3O5, CsB3O5, and CsLiB6O10. Additionally, it has excellent thermal and water‐resistant stabilities. Owing to the removal of interlayer cations, Zn2BO3(OH) shows better growth habits than KBBF while achieving the balance between beneficial layered structure and layer tendency.
Flexible and Stretchable Self‐Powered Multi‐Sensors Based on the N‐Type Thermoelectric Response of Polyurethane/Nax(Ni‐ett)n Composites
Authors: Wan Kening , Taroni Prospero J , Liu Zilu , Liu Yi , Tu Ying , Santagiuliana Giovanni , Hsia I‐Chuan , Zhang Han , Fenwick Oliver , Krause Steffi , Baxendale Mark , Schroeder Bob C. , Bilotti Emiliano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlexible and stretchable electronic devices have a broad range of potential uses, from biomedicine, soft robotics, and health monitoring to the internet‐of‐things. Unfortunately, finding a robust and reliable power source remains challenging, particularly in off‐the‐grid and maintenance‐free applications. A sought‐after development overcome this challenge is the development of autonomous, self‐powered devices. A potential solution is reported exploiting a promising n‐type thermoelectric compound, poly nickel‐ethenetetrathiolates (Nax(Ni‐ett)n). Highly stretchable n‐type composite films are obtained by combining Nax(Ni‐ett)n with commercial polyurethane (Lycra). As high as 50 wt% Nax(Ni‐ett)n content composite film can withstand deformations of ≈500% and show conductivities of ≈10−2 S cm−1 and Seebeck coefficients of approx. −40 µV K−1. These novel materials can be easily synthesized on a large scale with continuous processes. When subjected to a small temperature difference (<20 °C), the films generate sufficient thermopower to be used for sensing strain (gauge factor ≈20) and visible light (sensitivity factor ≈36% (kW m−2)−1), independent of humidity (sensitivity factor ≈0.1 (%RH)−1). As a proof‐of‐concept, a wearable self‐powered sensor is demonstrated by using n‐type Nax(Ni‐ett)n/Lycra and PEDOT:PSS/Lycra elements, connected in series by hot pressing, without employing any metal connections, hence preserving good mechanical ductility and ease of processing.
Plasmon‐Enhanced InGaZnO Ultraviolet Photodetectors Tuned by Ferroelectric HfZrO
Authors: Liu Yu , Chen Wenjie , Zhao Linyuan , Guo Junxiong , Yang Chen , Wang Xiawa , Huang Wen , Ren Tian‐ling , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) is widely used in liquid crystal panels, which are well suited for ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors due to a suitable bandgap and outstanding electrical properties. However, the poor performance for high dark current and low photoresponsivity limits practical applications of IGZO in UV photodetection. Here, a ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrO) film is introduced to depress dark current and increase the sensitivity by strong ferroelectric‐localized field. Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles are used to enhance the photoresponsivity by localized surface plasmon resonance. With optimized designs, the photodetectors achieve a photoresponsivity of 714.6 A W–1, a dark current of 1.1 × 10−12 A, and a detectivity of 5.4 × 1012 Jones. Furthermore, the response time at rising and falling edge is as low as 40 and 10 ms, respectively. The performance of the photodetector is far beyond traditional IGZO UV photodetectors. This study establishes a new approach to produce ultraviolet photodetectors with high photoresponsivity, low dark current, high sensitivity, and fast response for further practical applications.
Hydrodynamics and local mass transfer characterization under gas–liquid–liquid slug flow in a rectangular microchannel
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Yue Jun , Xu Chao , Zhao Shuainan , Yao Chaoqun , Chen Guangwen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGas–liquid–liquid three‐phase slug flow was generated in a glass microreactor with rectangular microchannel, where aqueous slugs were distinguished by relative positions to air bubbles and organic droplets. Oxygen from bubbles reacted with resazurin in slugs, leading to prominent color changes, which was used to quantify mass transfer performance. The development of slug length indicated a film flow through the corner between bubbles and the channel wall, where the aqueous phase was saturated with oxygen transferred from bubble body. This film flow results in the highest equivalent oxygen concentration within the slug led by a bubble and followed by a droplet. The three‐phase slug flow subregime with alternate bubble and droplet was found to benefit the overall mass transfer performance most. These results provide insights into a precise manipulation of gas–liquid–liquid slug flow in microreactors and the relevant mass transfer behavior thereof.
Investigation of early antibiotic use in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Van Toi Pham , Doan Khanh V. , Minh Ngo Ngọc Quang , Phuong Pham Nguyen , de Jong Menno D. , van Doorn H. Rogier , Pouplin Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed and validated two reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for the qualitative detection of six oral β‐lactams, which are commonly used in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Two distinct reverse‐phase chromatographic separations of six β‐lactams were obtained. Four β‐lactams (cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefaclor and cefixime) in urine were separated using a gradient program with a mobile phase consisting of K2HPO4 buffer (20 mm, pH 2.8) and acetonitrile on a LichroCART 250 × 4.6 mm, Purospher STAR C18 end‐capped (5 μm) column. Two remained β‐lactams (amoxicillin and cefuroxime) were analyzed using a gradient elution with the mobile phase containing K2HPO4 buffer (20 mm, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile on a LichroCart® Purospher Star C8 end‐capped column (5 μm, 125 × 4.6 mm). Good linearity within the range of 0.3–30 μg/ml for cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefaclor and cefixime, and 0.2–20 μg/ml for amoxicillin and cefuroxime, was attained. The precisions were <14%. The accuracies ranged from 85.87 to 102.8%. The two validated methods were then applied to determine these six antibiotics in 553 urine samples of pediatric patients with ARIs. As a result, 32.2% were positive with one or more of six tested β‐lactams. Cefixime was the most commonly detected agent, accounting for 9.8% of enrolled patients.
Characterization of a nontoxic pyomelanin pigment produced by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Ben Tahar Imen , Kus‐Liśkiewicz Małgorzata , Lara Yannick , Javaux Emmanuelle , Fickers Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report on the ability of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica W29 to produce an extracellular melanin‐like brown pigment at high yield (0.5 mg/ml) in culture medium supplemented with L‐tyrosine. This pigment has been characterized as pyomelanin and its synthesis was found to occur by the so‐called HGA‐melanin pathway. The purified pyomelanin was found embedded with antioxidant properties as it exhibited a radical scavenging activity toward 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 of 230 μg/ml. It was also characterized as noncytotoxic toward two mammalian cell lines, namely the mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 and human keratinocytes HaCaT. When blended with different commercial sunscreens, the purified pyomelanin increased significantly the sun protection factor (SPF) value, highlighting its potential utilization as UV‐filter in cosmetic preparations.
Mitomycin and 5‐fluorouracil for second‐line treatment of metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal
Authors: Saint Angélique , Evesque Ludovic , Falk Alexander T. , Cavaglione Gérard , Montagne Lucile , Benezery Karen , Francois Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the anal canal are rare and there is no international consensus on their second‐line management. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and mitomycin in combination with radiotherapy is the standard for locally advanced forms but its efficacy in metastatic stage has never been evaluated.Patients and methodsWe report a retrospective analysis of patients treated with 5‐FU and mitomycin from 2000 to 2017 in our institution for a metastatic SCC of the anal canal after failure of platinum‐based regimen. The main outcome was progression‐free survival (PFS) and the secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), response rate, and toxicity.ResultsNineteen patients, 15 women and four men, with a median age of 57 years were identified (range, 40‐79 years). Patients received a median of three cycles (1‐7) of mitomycin 5‐FU. A dose reduction was necessary in six patients (31.6%), one patient had to discontinue treatment following toxicity and no death was due to treatment toxicity was reported. An objective response was observed in five patients (26.4%, 95% CI 6.6‐46.2) including one complete response, six patients (31.6%, 95% CI 10.7‐52.5) showed tumor stabilization. Median PFS and OS were 3 months [95% CI 1‐5] and 7 months [95% CI 2.2‐11.8]. Responder had a median duration of response of 4 months [95% CI 1.8‐6.1] and one patient had 23 months duration of response. No significant difference was noted for PFS and OS for patients previously treated with mitomycin and 5‐FU at a local stage.ConclusionMitomycin and 5‐FU regimen provides tumor control with acceptable tolerance. It is an option for patients with metastatic SCC of the anal canal after failure of platinum‐based chemotherapy. [Correction added on 9 October 2019, after first online publication: '5‐FU' was inadvertently removed from the Results and Conclusion and has now been added to the text.]
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Phthalimide‐Dithiocarbamate Hybrids as New Agents for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Ebrahimi Mostafa , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Azizian Homa , Sepehri Saghi , Nadri Hamid , Biglar Mahmood , Amanlou Massoud , Larijani Bagher , Mirzazadeh Roghieh , Edraki Najmeh , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel series of phthalimide‐dithiocarbamate hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro inhibitory potentials against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The anti‐cholinesterase results indicated that among the synthesized compounds, the compounds 7g and 7h showed the most potent anti‐AChE and anti‐BuChE activities, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamic studies of the compounds 7g and 7h, respectively, in the active site of AChE and BuChE revealed that these compounds as well interacted with studied cholinesterases. These compounds also possessed drug‐like properties and were able to cross the BBB.
Bimetallic Cu−Zn Co‐Doped Porous N/C as Efficient Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Oxidation of 1,2‐Propanediol
Authors: Yang Li‐Ping , Mi Jian‐Li , Wang Hui‐Jie , Liang Jia‐Hao , Yang Xue‐Jing , Feng Yong‐Hai , Zhang Peng , Liu Lu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe development of non‐precious metal catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for widespread application of fuel cells. Herein, bimetallic Cu−Zn co‐doped porous N/C catalysts (Cu−Zn−N/C) with high N content were synthesized via a simple metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived method. The as‐prepared Cu−Zn−N/C catalyst presents superior catalytic activity toward ORR with an onset potential of 0.90 V, a half‐wave potential of 0.79 V, and a diffusion limiting current density of 5.82 mA cm−2. It is found that Cu exists in three forms: one exists in Cu particles, and the others exist in Cu single atoms (either in high valence or in zero valence) that embedded in the carbon substrate. The evaporation of Zn atoms during the pyrolysis induces the pore structure of the carbon matrix, making it possible to support for the zero valent Cu atoms. In addition, as an efficient Cu‐based catalyst for many applications, we show that the as‐prepared catalyst can selectively oxidize 1,2‐propanediol to lactic acid with 75.7 % selectivity at 82.8 % conversion.
Kinetic and Deactivation Differences Among Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Chloromethane as Stock for Hydrocarbons
Authors: Valecillos José , Manzano Hegoi , Aguayo Andrés T. , Bilbao Javier , Castaño Pedro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe conversions into hydrocarbons of methanol, dimethyl ether and chloromethane (MTH, DTH and CTH, respectively) on a H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst were compared trough ab‐initio calculations and experiments, using a fixed‐bed reactor and in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy. The molecular modelling of the reaction was performed using force field calculations. The nature and location of retained species were assessed by a combination of techniques. The experimental results of activity, product distribution and deactivation match these of the molecular modelling as the three reactions proceed through the dual‐cycle mechanism. However, the initiation, evolution and degradation of hydrocarbon pool species are kinetically different depending on the reactant. The reactions are faster in the order DTH>MTH≫CTH whereas the rate at which coke forms and grows (linked with the rate of deactivation) is in the order CTH≫DTH>MTH.
Hærvejsbroen, New Bridge for the Ancient Road, Viborg – Denmark
Authors: Petersen Christian Riis , Ibsen Bjarne , Nissen Jonatan Stær 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe ancient road, Hærvejen, runs through the old town of Viborg. A new bridge, Hærvejsbroen, will carry the ancient road across the railway line. The bridge is part of a larger project to connect the area south of the railway with a new gymnasium and the city north of the railway.The bridges, ramp and stairs are all laid out as broken paths with varying widths that provide exciting perspectives all along the route. Rooms open and close along the alignment while the varied widths either amplify or expand perspectives. Midway the width of the bridge deck narrows in so that the perspective works in 3 dimensions.The architecture of the bridge posed a challenge to the structural design. The total length of the three spans of the bridge is approx. 75 m. The bridge deck is paved with tiles and furnished with plants and benches for travellers' rest and enjoyment.The superstructure is a closed steel box with a trapezoidal cross section. The superstructure is supported on pillars of reinforced concrete. For several reasons the structural system is made statically determinate by introduction of hinges. The hinges allowed for a rapid installation, minimized works on site and minimized required time of rail possession.
Norgesporten road bridge, the gateway to Norway
Authors: Mo Gaute , Overton Kathleen , Ibáñez Fernando 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe Norgesporten bridge, in the town of Ørje in Norway, provides a landmark on arrival in Norway on the E18 Stockholm‐Oslo highway. The bridge was completed in 2017 for Staten vegvesen, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). The bridge, with two traffic lanes and a pedestrian/cycle path, carries local traffic over the E18. A 75m span cable stayed bridge with a curved steel deck and a 50m high, slender steel pylon asymmetrically located on the outer curve. There are 10 deck cables and five backstay cables connecting the pylon to a concrete counterweight foundation. All cables are ϕ60mm locked coil strand. The main architectural feature of the bridge is the slender, spindle‐shaped pylon, 1.9m maximum diameter, which is restrained in three directions by the cables that cross to create a complex shape and volume. The steel deck is a multi‐cell box girder, 2.1m deep, with cantilever ribs at 6m centres. The orthotropic top plate is stiffened longitudinally with trapezoidal sections. The bridge's complex geometry was analysed using both frame and shell FE models with SAP2000. A full 3D geometric model was used to develop the project drawings and as a basis for the Contractor's own 3D Tekla fabrication model. The bridge has been designed and fabricated in accordance with NPRA Handbooks N400, R410, and R762, with strict requirements for future inspection and maintenance and the box girder is fully accessible and includes dehumidifying plant. The pylon section is designed as inaccessible and airtight. The steel is painted with a duplex system for corrosion protection. The steel deck made up of 25 sections, and the pylon, in three parts, were fabricated in Riga, Latvia before transportation and site welding. During the fabrication process strict controls of the bridge geometry were carried out including partial trial assemblies of the completed sections.
Design and construction of the Hålogaland Bridge
Authors: Pihl Jesper 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe opening of the Hålogaland Bridge December 2018 marked a milestone for modern suspension bridge design.It is an example of how technical knowhow is innovating the design of suspension bridges, in particular cable structure design. This paper will explain the overall design of the bridge with specific focus on the cable structure design including the main cables, anchorages, saddles and cable clamps.Furthermore, the construction of the bridge will be briefly mentioned focusing on the challenges of constructing such a major landmark structure in the extreme environment more than 300km north of the Arctic Circle.